bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Hysteretic Dynamic Capillarity Effect in Unsaturated Flow
Authors: Zhuang Luwen , Hassanizadeh S. Majid , Qin Chao‐Zhong , de Waal Arjen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe difference between average pressures of two immiscible fluids is commonly assumed to be the same as macroscopic capillary pressure, which is considered to be a function of saturation only. However, under transient conditions, a dependence of this pressure difference on the time rate of saturation change has been observed by many researchers. This is commonly referred to as dynamic capillarity effect. As a first‐order approximation, the dynamic term is assumed to be linearly dependent on the time rate of change of saturation, through a material coefficient denoted by τ. In this study, a series of laboratory experiments were carried out to quantify the dynamic capillarity effect in an unsaturated sandy soil. Primary, main, and scanning drainage experiments, under both static and dynamic conditions, were performed on a sandy soil in a small cell. The value of the dynamic capillarity coefficient τ was calculated from the air‐water pressure differences and average saturation values during static and dynamic drainage experiments. We found a dependence of τ on saturation, which showed a similar trend for all drainage conditions. However, at any given saturation, the value of τ for primary drainage was larger than the value for main drainage and that was in turn larger than the value for scanning drainage. Each data set was fit a simple log‐linear equation, with different values of fitting parameters. This nonuniqueness of the relationship between τ and saturation and possible causes is discussed.
Soil nutrients and pre‐European contact agriculture in the leeward Kohala field system, Island of Hawai‘i
Authors: LADEFOGED THEGN N. , PRESTON ALISON , VITOUSEK PETER M. , CHADWICK OLIVER A. , STEIN JULIE , GRAVES MICHAEL W. , LINCOLN NOA 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTStudies in the leeward Kohala field system on Hawai‘i Island have considered the processes and timing of agricultural development associated with sociopolitical transformations and the production of agricultural surpluses. Using extensive soil sampling, we explore the use of relatively mobile and immobile soil parameters within the agricultural landscape to interpret the development and maintenance of the system over time. Results show that in the context of the leeward Kohala field system, the immobile element niobium can be used to interpret the location of ancient ground surfaces and that phosphorus is stable enough to be used to understand anthropogenic influences. In contrast, total and exchangeable calcium are too mobile to indicate purely anthropogenic processes. Data suggest that there was more intensive depletion of soil phosphorus on agricultural alignments than in field areas between the alignments, potentially explained by traditional cropping methods associated with the system. Spatial analyses within the field system identifies an area with high naturally occurring soil nutrient levels.
Genetic background effects in Neuroligin‐3 mutant mice: Minimal behavioral abnormalities on C57 background
Authors: Jaramillo Thomas C. , Escamilla Christine Ochoa , Liu Shunan , Peca Lauren , Birnbaum Shari G. , Powell Craig M. 
Published: October 2017

Neuroligin‐3 (NLGN3) is a postsynaptic cell adhesion protein that interacts with presynaptic ligands including neurexin‐1 (NRXN1) [Ichtchenko et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 2676–2682, 1996]. Mice harboring a mutation in the NLGN3 gene (NL3R451C) mimicking a mutation found in two brothers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were previously generated and behaviorally phenotyped for autism‐related behaviors. In these NL3R451C mice generated and tested on a hybrid C57BL6J/129S2/SvPasCrl background, we observed enhanced spatial memory and reduced social interaction [Tabuchi et al., Science, 318, 71–76, 2007]. Curiously, an independently generated second line of mice harboring the same mutation on a C57BL6J background exhibited minimal aberrant behavior, thereby providing apparently discrepant results. To investigate the origin of the discrepancy, we previously replicated the original findings of Tabuchi et al. by studying the same NL3R451C mutation on a pure 129S2/SvPasCrl genetic background. Here we complete the behavioral characterization of the NL3R451C mutation on a pure C57BL6J genetic background to determine if background genetics play a role in the discrepant behavioral outcomes involving NL3R451C mice. NL3R451C mutant mice on a pure C57BL6J background did not display spatial memory enhancements or social interaction deficits. We only observed a decreased startle response and mildly increased locomotor activity in these mice suggesting that background genetics influences behavioral outcomes involving the NL3R451C mutation. Autism Res 2018, 11: 234–244. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryBehavioral symptoms of autism can be highly variable, even in cases that involve identical genetic mutations. Previous studies in mice with a mutation of the Neuroligin‐3 gene showed enhanced learning and social deficits. We replicated these findings on the same and different genetic backgrounds. In this study, however, the same mutation in mice on a different genetic background did not reproduce our previous findings. Our results suggest that genetic background influences behavioral symptoms of this autism‐associated mutation.
Iron‐Catalyzed C−O Bond Activation: Opportunity for Sustainable Catalysis
Authors: Bisz Elwira , Szostak Michal 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Michal Szostak at the University of Opole. The image shows how the oxygen‐based electrophiles can be merged with sustainable iron catalysis to create an environmentally friendly platform for cross‐coupling. The Minireview itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201701287.
Integrated in silico and in vivo approaches to investigate effects of BDE-99 mediated by the nuclear receptors on developing zebrafish
Authors: Zhang Li , Jin Yaru , Han Zhihua , Liu Hongling , Shi Laihao , Hua Xiaoxue , Doering Jon A. , Tang Song , Giesy John P. , Yu Hongxia 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

One of the most abundant polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) is 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99), which persists and potentially bioaccumulates in aquatic wildlife. Previous studies in mammals have shown that BDE-99 affects development and disrupts certain endocrine functions through signaling pathways mediated by nuclear receptors. However, fewer studies have investigated the potential of BDE-99 to interact with nuclear receptors in aquatic vertebrates such as fish. In the present study, interactions between BDE-99 and nuclear receptors were investigated by in silico and in vivo approaches. This PBDE was able to dock into the ligand-binding domain of zebrafish aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AhR2) and pregnane X receptor (PXR). It had a significant effect on the transcriptional profiles of genes associated with AhR or PXR. Based on the developed cytoscape of all zebrafish genes, it was also inferred that AhR and PXR could interact via cross-talk. In addition, both the in silico and in vivo approaches found that BDE-99 affected peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor alpha (PPARα), glucocorticoid receptor, and thyroid receptor. Collectively, our results demonstrate for the first time detailed in silico evidence that BDE-99 can bind to and interact with zebrafish AhR and PXR. These findings can be used to elaborate the molecular mechanism of BDE-99 and guide more objective environmental risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:780–787. © 2017 SETAC
Abstract
BDE-99 was drawn by ChemBioDraw (ChemBioOffice 2008, CambridgeSoft, Corp., USA). In the part of “in silico investigations”, the picture of NRs and the interaction between BDE-99 and z-AhR2, z-PXR were generated and captured in PyMol (Version 0.99, open source), and the plot of RMSDs was generated by Origin 8 (OriginLab Corp, Northampton, MA, USA). The pictures of “in vivo investigations” were taken in the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse at School of the Environment of Nanjing University. The panoramic map of signaling pathways was integrated within Cytoscape software v3.1.1 (Cytoscape consortium, San Diego, CA, USA). Morphology effects on embryos/larvae were taken by an inverted stereomicroscope in the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse at School of the Environment of Nanjing University. All pictures were either drawn or taken by the authors of this study.
Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging hepatic proton density fat fraction in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Middleton Michael S. , Van Natta Mark L. , Heba Elhamy R. , Alazraki Adina , Trout Andrew T. , Masand Prakash , Brunt Elizabeth M. , Kleiner David E. , Doo Edward , Tonascia James , Lavine Joel E. , Shen Wei , Hamilton Gavin , Schwimmer Jeffrey B. , Sirlin Claude B. ,   for the NASH Clinical Research Network
Published: October 2017

We assessed the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in children to stratify hepatic steatosis grade before and after treatment in the Cysteamine Bitartrate Delayed‐Release for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children (CyNCh) trial, using centrally scored histology as reference. Participants had multiecho 1.5 Tesla (T) or 3T MRI on scanners from three manufacturers. Of 169 enrolled children, 110 (65%) and 83 (49%) had MRI and liver biopsy at baseline and at end of treatment (EOT; 52 weeks), respectively. At baseline, 17% (19 of 110), 28% (31 of 110), and 55% (60 of 110) of liver biopsies showed grades 1, 2, and 3 histological steatosis; corresponding PDFF (mean ± SD) values were 10.9 ± 4.1%, 18.4 ± 6.2%, and 25.7 ± 9.7%, respectively. PDFF classified grade 1 versus 2‐3 and 1‐2 versus 3 steatosis with areas under receiving operator characteristic curves (AUROCs) of 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80, 0.94) and 0.79 (0.70, 0.87), respectively. PDFF cutoffs at 90% specificity were 17.5% for grades 2‐3 steatosis and 23.3% for grade 3 steatosis. At EOT, 47% (39 of 83), 41% (34 of 83), and 12% (10 of 83) of biopsies showed improved, unchanged, and worsened steatosis grade, respectively, with corresponding PDFF (mean ± SD) changes of –7.8 ± 6.3%, –1.2 ± 7.8%, and 4.9 ± 5.0%, respectively. PDFF change classified steatosis grade improvement and worsening with AUROCs (95% CIs) of 0.76 (0.66, 0.87) and 0.83 (0.73, 0.92), respectively. PDFF change cut‐off values at 90% specificity were –11.0% and +5.5% for improvement and worsening. Conclusion: MRI‐estimated PDFF has high diagnostic accuracy to both classify and predict histological steatosis grade and change in histological steatosis grade in children with NAFLD. (Hepatology 2018;67:858–872)
Preoperative Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Anterior Pelvic Plane for Personalized Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Kochman Andrzej , Goral Adrian , Kozak Josef , Marek Wojciech , Morawska‐Kochman Monika , Synder Marek 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesCorrect positioning of the acetabular component is a key factor in minimizing the risk of dislocation after total hip replacement (THR) surgery. A “safe” orientation of the cup is usually defined by 2 angles measured between its geometric axis and the anterior pelvic plane. However, in the current state‐of‐the‐art approach to THR surgery, the intraoperative orientation of the anterior pelvic plane cannot be measured. Even less is known about the functional orientation of the pelvis, which determines the postoperative orientation of the cup during the patient's everyday activities. The aim of this article is to present an original approach to personalized THR surgery, in which the necessary measurements are done preoperatively without interfering with the surgical work flow, and the individual orientation of the cup is obtained without navigation using standard tools that are available in the operating room.MethodsTo quantify the effect of the anatomic conditions on the final orientation of the cup, we measured the orientation of the anterior pelvic plane in 43 patients scheduled for THR using a newly developed noninvasive method based on ultrasonography and mobile devices.ResultsOur results confirm a large variability of the pelvic orientation in both supine and standing positions. We further show how this variability affects the final position of the cup and discuss its consequences for the patient. Finally, we explore a few practical solutions for individualized cup placement, including our own approach, which is based on tilting of the operating table.ConclusionsIn this work, we show that the common guidelines used today for cup implantation can only be effectively applied to a small portion of the population. In most cases, it is crucial that the orientation of the cup is readjusted for the particular anatomy of the individual patient.
Advancing Prenatal Detection of Congenital Heart Disease: A Novel Screening Protocol Improves Early Diagnosis of Complex Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Letourneau Karen M. , Horne David , Soni Reeni N. , McDonald Keith R. , Karlicki Fern C. , Fransoo Randy R. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesPrenatal diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease (CHD) during routine obstetric ultrasound (US) examinations improves postnatal outcomes, but sensitivity is low (<40%). Our objective was to improve our prenatal detection of complex CHD with implementation of a specific screening protocol.MethodsFrom January 2003 to December 2013, 506 consecutive confirmed cases of complex CHD in the province of Manitoba, Canada, were analyzed to compare the sensitivity and positive predictive value of prenatal US detection of complex CHD before and after the introduction of a novel prenatal screening protocol. The intervention was done in October 2004, emphasizing screening and not diagnosis of complex CHD. It involved education, practical scanning tips, a checklist, and feedback on cases. We also assessed the effect of the intervention in different screening settings: community hospitals, tertiary hospitals, and fetal assessment units.ResultsThe sensitivity for detecting complex CHD increased from 29.8% to 88.3% (P < .0001), while the positive predictive value remained high. The largest improvement in detection was found for US units in community hospitals (52.4% higher; P < .0001), followed by tertiary hospitals (39.9%; P = .0004), and fetal assessment units (7.2%; P = .16). Additionally, there was a significant decrease in the presentation of neonates in critical condition from before to after the implementation (24.3% to 13.1%, respectively; P = .0165).ConclusionsImplementing a focused routine prenatal screening protocol can vastly improve detection rates of critical cardiac abnormalities. The improvement in community hospitals was particularly important because early detection ensured that the birth was planned to take place in an appropriate facility. Our novel protocol can be performed by all sonographers, regardless of experience, equipment used, and hospital setting.
Investigation into the cellular origins of posterior regeneration in the annelid Capitella teleta
Authors: de Jong Danielle M. , Seaver Elaine C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMany animals can regenerate, although there is great diversity in regenerative capabilities. A major question in regenerative biology is determining the cellular source of newly formed tissue. The polychaete annelid, Capitella teleta, can regenerate posterior segments following transverse amputation. However, the source, behavior and molecular characteristics of the cells that form new tissue during regeneration are largely unknown. Using an indirect cell tracking method involving 5′‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, we show that cell migration occurs during C. teleta posterior regeneration. Expression of the multipotency/germ line marker CapI‐vasa led us to hypothesize that stem cells originate from a multipotent progenitor cell (MPC) cluster, migrate through the coelomic cavity, and contribute to regeneration of tissue. We show that the capacity for posterior regeneration and segment formation is greater with than without the MPC cluster. Finally, we propose a working model of posterior regeneration in C. teleta. This work is the first in C. teleta that addresses the potential source of cells contributing to posterior regeneration, and may provide clues as to why some animals are highly successful regenerators.
Fresh Noncultured Endothelial Progenitor Cells Improve Neonatal Lung Hyperoxia-Induced Alveolar Injury
Authors: Firsova Alexandra B. , Bird A. Daniel , Abebe Degu , Ng Judy , Mollard Richard , Cole Timothy J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Treatment of preterm human infants with high oxygen can result in disrupted lung alveolar and vascular development. Local or systemic administration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is reported to remedy such disruption in animal models. In this study, the effects of both fresh (enriched for KDR) and cultured bone marrow (BM)-derived cell populations with EPC characteristics were examined following hyperoxia in neonatal mouse lungs. Intraperitoneal injection of fresh EPCs into five-day-old mice treated with 90% oxygen resulted in full recovery of hyperoxia-induced alveolar disruption by 56 days of age. Partial recovery in septal number following hyperoxia was observed following injection of short-term cultured EPCs, yet aberrant tissue growths appeared following injection of long-term cultured cells. Fresh and long-term cultured cells had no impact on blood vessel development. Short-term cultured cells increased blood vessel number in normoxic and hyperoxic mice by 28 days but had no impact on day 56. Injection of fresh EPCs into normoxic mice significantly reduced alveolarization compared with phosphate buffered saline-injected normoxic controls. These results indicate that fresh BM EPCs have a higher and safer corrective profile in a hyperoxia-induced lung injury model compared with cultured BM EPCs but may be detrimental to the normoxic lung. The appearance of aberrant tissue growths and other side effects following injection of cultured EPCs warrants further investigation.
Ambient‐Temperature Energy Storage with Polyvalent Metal–Sulfur Chemistry
Authors: Yu Xingwen , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: October 2017

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage with ambient‐ or room‐temperature (RT) non‐aqueous sulfur chemistry has attracted much attention. In addition to the great attention to lithium–sulfur chemistry and sodium–sulfur chemistry, the attention toward polyvalent metal–sulfur chemistry has increased. RT sulfur batteries with magnesium, calcium, and aluminum anodes are of particular interest. In comparison to alkali metal (lithium and sodium) anodes, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum offer multiple advantageous features in terms of safety, abundance, and cost. Therefore, rechargeable battery systems with magnesium–sulfur (Mg–S), calcium–sulfur (Ca–S), and aluminum–sulfur (Al–S) chemistries are promising low‐cost options for large‐scale electrical energy storage. However, the research on these battery chemistries/technologies is still in its infancy and is currently hampered by many critical challenges. Here, the historical development, fundamental principles, recent progress, and key challenges of Mg–S, Ca–S, and Al–S batteries are summarized. Similarities and differences between the alkali metal (Li, Na, and K)–sulfur chemistries and the polyvalent metal (Mg, Ca, and Al)–sulfur chemistries are discussed. Finally, future research and development directions are suggested.
Cover Image, Volume 4, Issue 6
Authors: Pfister Laurent , Wetzel Carlos E. , Klaus Julian , Martínez‐Carreras Núria , Antonelli Marta , Teuling Adriaan J. , McDonnell Jeffrey J. 
Published: October 2017

The cover image, by Laurent Pfister et al, is based on Advanced Review Terrestrial diatoms as tracers in catchment hydrology: a review, DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1241.
image
Theoretical assessment of biomethane production from algal residues after biodiesel production
Authors: Zhu Liandong , Li Zhaohua , Hiltunen Erkki 
Published: October 2017

Energy shortage, global warming, and climate changes call for the creation and breakthroughs of renewable and sustainable energy technologies, and thus biofuels from microalgae have been the object of ever‐increasing interest. Microalgal biodiesel production presents as one of the promising options for biofuel production, since most microalgal species contain rich lipids. However, large amounts of residues are left behind after microalgal biodiesel production. In an effort to improve the potential economics of microalgal biofuels, it is essential to make full use of microalgal post‐extracts. This Focus Article determines the theoretical yields of microalgal biodiesel and biomethane together with the relevant calorific values during the continuous production. Based on the investigated species, the microalgal biodiesel and biomethane yields widely range from 6 to 134 g/kg‐VS and from 0.24 to 0.63 L/g‐VS, respectively, while the total calorific values experience the range of between 6.88 and 18.80 MJ/kg‐VS. Microalgal biodiesel production is not always required before anaerobic digestion, especially for those microalgal species with low lipid contents. Net energy ratio and cost‐effectiveness analysis are highlighted in order to evaluate the viability of the biorefinery process. Well‐funded research and development programs can help develop technologies and policies, thus driving the industry toward prosperity. WIREs Energy Environ 2018, 7:e273. doi: 10.1002/wene273.This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Science and Materials
Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure
Long Head of Biceps Tendon Management: A Survey of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons
Authors: Corpus Keith T. , Garcia Grant H. , Liu Joseph N. , Dines David M. , O'Brien Stephen J. , Dines Joshua S. , Taylor Samuel A. 
Published: October 2017

Background: Management of symptomatic long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) pathology remains a source of debate. Questions/Purposes: The purpose of this study was to identify consensus trends for the treatment of LHBT pathology among specialists. Methods: A survey was distributed to members of the American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES), consisting of three sections—demographics, case scenarios, and general LHBT pathology management. Cases presented common clinical scenarios, and surgeons reported their management preferences. Consensus responses were defined as > 50% of participants giving a single response. Results: One hundred and forty-two of 417 (34%) surgeons completed surveys. Forty-seven percent of questions reached a consensus answer. Biceps tenodesis was the overwhelmingly preferred technique in cases demonstrating LHBT pathology, as compared to tenotomy. No consensus, however, was reached regarding a specific surgical technique for biceps tenodesis. The two most popular techniques were arthroscopic tenodesis to bone and open subpectoral biceps tenodesis. Fellowship-trained arthroscopic surgeons and surgeons with a largely arthroscopic practice were more likely to perform tenodesis arthroscopically. Conclusion: ASES members favored biceps tenodesis over tenotomy for surgical management of LHBT pathology, without consensus regarding a specific surgical technique.