bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL RETINAL LAYER THICKNESSES AND DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY USING RETINAL LAYER SEGMENTATION ANALYSIS
Authors: Kim Jin Hyung , Lee Min Woo , Byeon Suk Ho , Kim Sung Soo , Koh Hyoung Jun , Lee Sung Chul , Kim Min 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate clinical correlations between the thicknesses of individual retinal layers in the foveal area of diabetic patients and the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Methods:
This retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study enrolled a total of 120 eyes from 120 patients. The eyes were divided into 3 groups: normal controls (n = 42 eyes), patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 42 eyes) but no DPN, and patients with diabetes mellitus and DPN (n = 36 eyes). The primary outcome measures were the thickness of all retinal layers in the central 1-mm zone measured using the segmentation analysis of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Correlations between the thicknesses of the individual retinal layers and the presence of DPN were also analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine which change in layer thickness had the most significant association with the presence of DPN.

Results:
The mean thicknesses and the ratios of retinal nerve fiber layers to total retina thicknesses in the DPN group were 10.77 ± 1.79 μm and 4.10 ± 0.55%, which was significantly lower than those in normal controls and the diabetes mellitus with no DPN group (P = 0.014 and P = 0.001, respectively). Logistic regression analyses also showed that the decrease in thicknesses of the retinal nerve fiber layers and the inner nuclear layer are significant factors for predicting a higher risk for DPN development (odds ratio = 7.407 and 1.757; P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion:
A decrease in the retinal nerve fiber layer and the inner nuclear layer thickness was significantly associated with the presence of DPN.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Manganese-Dependent Superoxide Dismutase in Chagas Disease
Authors: Lassen Oscar , Tabares Sandra , Ojeda Silvia , Dotto Gladys , Bertolotto Patricia , Sembaj Adela 
Published: September 2017

Background
Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi triggers inflammatory mechanisms and induces the activity of manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase. Genetic single-nucleotide polymorphisms of this enzyme generate proteins with reduced enzymatic activity. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of the polymorphisms Ala-9Val and Ile58Thr of the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase gene in DNA from chagasic and nonchagasic patients and to establish a relationship between these polymorphisms with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy.

Methods
Two hundred fifty-eight unrelated patients underwent a general clinical examination and an electrocardiogram, a chest radiograph, and a 12-lead color Doppler echocardiogram were taken. Besides, we evaluate liver and renal function, lipid profile, and diagnosis of Chagas disease and genetic polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. The patients were classified as nonchagasic group with negative serology for Chagas disease and the chagasic group with positive serology. This group was subdivided into asymptomatic when patients did not present abnormal cardiac symptoms and symptomatic if the chest radiograph, electrocardiogram, and/or color Doppler echocardiogram showed some alteration.

Results
The female chagasic population shows a high frequency of the ile58ile genotype (P = 0.010; odds ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.35–8.38). Lower frequency of the ala-9ala genotype was detected in symptomatic Chagas patients (P = 0.001; odds ratio, 3.147; 95% confidence interval, 1.39–7.482). The analysis revealed an interaction between the ala/ala + val/val genotype (P = 0.0108) with the plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the symptomatic Chagas group.

Conclusions
Our results show that the presence of the val allele is associated with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. The prognostic value of these results should be more deeply investigated.
Reliability of an Installed Chair Exit Alarm System for Fall Prevention: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Tianfu , Wilson Christopher M. , Basal Yasmeen 
Published: September 2017

Introduction and Background:
Within the acute care hospital setting, falls and fall prevention are a common concern among clinical staff as significant time and resources are dedicated to fall prevention. Chair alarm systems are commonly used; however, they can increase costs and may also contribute to alarm fatigue via overly sensitive systems.

Purpose:
To compare the reliability and accuracy of an installed chair alarm system with a timer (developed by the principal investigator), titled Safe Sitting System, as compared with 2 commercially available and commonly used products: (1) a single-patient use pressure-sensing alarm system (primary control) and (2) a magnetic clip-on alarm (secondary control).

Design:
Single-center double-blind randomized controlled trial using a within-subject design.

Subjects:
Seventy-five healthy volunteers 19 to 60 years of age.

Intervention:
Blinded subjects performed a series of 9 common motions in 2 chairs—one that contained the primary control product and the second with the Safe Sitting System. Which chair was tested first was randomized and a magnetic clip-on alarm was used in both trials. A blinded data collector recorded whether either alarm was activated or not during each motion.

Results:
The Safe Sitting System chair had a total of 16 false positives out of all 600 responses (2.7%) and 0 false negatives out of 75 responses. The primary control product had a total of 187 false positives out of all 600 responses (31.2%) and 6 false negatives out of 75 responses (8.0%). The number of appropriate responses between the chairs was determined to be statistically significantly different as assessed by a sign test (P < .0001).

Conclusions:
An installed chair alarm with a timer and a slight delay in alarm response significantly reduced false positives and false negatives, which has the potential to reduce falls and improve patient safety during hospitalization. In addition, there is the potential for cost savings from an installed chair alarm system as compared with a single-patient use chair alarm.
Switching from reference infliximab to CT-P13 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: 12 months results
Authors: Argüelles-Arias Federico , Guerra Veloz Maria Fernanda , Perea Amarillo Raul , Vilches-Arenas Angel , Castro Laria Luisa , Maldonado Pérez Belen , Chaaro Benallal Dina , Benítez Roldán Antonio , Merino Vicente , Ramirez Gabriel , Calleja-Hernández Miguel Angel , Caunedo Álvarez Angel , Romero Gómez Manuel 
Published: September 2017

Background
Biological agents, such as infliximab, have transformed the outcomes of patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. The advent of biosimilar treatment options such as CT-P13 promises to improve the availability of biological therapy, yet real-world switching data are currently limited. Here, we assess the effectiveness and safety of switching to CT-P13 from infliximab reference product (RP) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Materials and methods
This was a prospective single-center observational study in patients with moderate to severe Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). All patients were switched from infliximab RP (Remicade) to CT-P13 treatment and followed up for up to 12 months. The efficacy endpoint was the change in clinical response assessed at 3-monthly intervals, according to the Harvey–Bradshaw score and partial Mayo score for patients with CD and UC, respectively. C-reactive protein (CRP) was also measured. Adverse events were monitored and recorded throughout the study.

Results
A total of 98 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (67 CD/31 UC) were included. A total of 83.6% (56/67) of patients with CD were in remission at the time of the switch and 62.7% were in remission at 12 months. The Harvey–Bradshaw score showed a significant change at 12 months (P=0.007) but no significant change was observed in median CRP at this timepoint (P=0.364). A total of 80.6% (25/31) of patients with UC were in remission at the time of the switch and 65.3% (18/28) were in remission at 12 months. No significant changes in the median partial Mayo score (P=0.058) or CRP (P=0.329) were observed at 12 months. Serious adverse events related to medication were reported in 11 (11.2%) patients.

Conclusion
Switching from infliximab RP to CT-P13 is efficacious and well tolerated in patients with CD or UC for up to 12 months.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Hyper-IgE Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Sasihuseyinoglu Ayse S. , Yilmaz Mustafa , Altintaş Derya U. , Dogruel Dilek , Serbes Mahir , Uğuz Aysun H. , Kiroğlu Mete 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by recurrent infections and elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin E, usually over 2000 IU/mL. Recurrent and chronic infection of the epidermis and squamous epithelium may also be a cause of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). SCC is rare with HIES.

Case Report:
A 17-year-old male patient who was diagnosed as HIES was admitted with purulent right ear discharge. The patient had a history of eczema starting from the age of 7 months and a history of recurrent middle ear infection starting from the age of 5. Biopsy specimens were taken from the lesion in the external auditory canal, and the lesion was reported as SCC.

Conslusion:
Patients with autosomal recessive HIES are at an increased risk for infections and malignancies. SCC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the patients presenting with recurrent middle ear infections and immunodeficiency.
A Patient Information Leaflet Reduces Parental Anxiety Before Their Child's First Craniofacial Multidisciplinary Outpatient Appointment
Authors: Pidgeon Thomas Edward , Blore Christopher David , Webb Yasmin , Horton Jo , Evans Martin 
Published: September 2017

Introduction:
It is expected that a child's first outpatient appointment with a craniofacial multidisciplinary team (MDT) instills anxiety in parents. Limited data exist on the aspects of the appointment that parents are most concerned about and what information they desire. The effect of written information provision on this cohort is unstudied.

Methods:
Parents attending their child's first outpatient appointment with the Birmingham Children's Hospital Craniofacial MDT between September and December 2012 completed a questionnaire to identify concerns they had relating to the appointment. A patient information leaflet was subsequently developed and distributed. From September 2015 to January 2016, questionnaires completed by parents assessed the usefulness of the leaflet and whether it reduced parental anxiety.

Results:
Twenty-six initial questionnaires were returned. Seventeen respondents (65%) reported that they were concerned about some aspect of their child's appointment. Twenty-two (86%) expressed a desire for more information surrounding their child's appointment. Thirteen (50%) requested for this information to be provided using a patient information leaflet. After the introduction of the leaflet, 30 questionnaires were returned. All 30 (100.0%) found the leaflet easy to understand. Twenty-nine (96.7%) felt the leaflet provided helpful information. Eighteen (60.0%) felt less worried about the appointment after reading the leaflet.

Conclusions:
The majority of parents of children referred to a craniofacial MDT appointment displayed concerns that related to the appointment itself. Specific information relating to the appointment process itself was desired. A purpose-built leaflet successfully provided parents with desired information and lowered anxiety among the majority of attendees.
Effect modification ofFADS2polymorphisms on the association between breastfeeding and intelligence: results from a collaborative meta-analysis
Authors: Hartwig Fernando Pires , Davies Neil Martin , Horta Bernardo Lessa , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Bisgaard Hans , Bønnelykke Klaus , Caspi Avshalom , Moffitt Terrie E. , Poulton Richie , Sajjad Ayesha , Tiemeier Henning W , Bueno Albert Dalmau , Guxens Mònica , Pineda Mariona Bustamante , Santa-Marina Loreto , Parker Nadine , Paus Tomáš , Pausova Zdenka , Lauritzen Lotte , Schnurr Theresia M. , Michaelsen Kim F. , Hansen Torben , Oddy Wendy , Pennell Craig E. , Warrington Nicole M. , Smith George Davey , Victora Cesar Gomes 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that breastfeeding benefits the children’s intelligence. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) present in breast milk may explain part of this association. Under a nutritional adequacy hypothesis, an interaction between breastfeeding and genetic variants associated with endogenous LC-PUFAs synthesis might be expected. However, the literature on this topic is controversial.Methods and FindingsWe investigated this Gene×Environment interaction in ade novometa-analysis involving >12,000 individuals in the primary analysis, and >45,000 individuals in a secondary analysis using relaxed inclusion criteria. Our primary analysis used ever breastfeeding,FADS2polymorphisms rs174575 and rs1535 coded assuming a recessive effect of the G allele, and intelligence quotient (IQ) in Z scores. Using random effects meta-analysis, ever breastfeeding was associated with 0.17 (95% CI: 0.03; 0.32) higher Z scores in IQ, or about 2.1 points. There was no strong evidence of interaction, with pooled covariate-adjusted interaction coefficients (i.e., difference between genetic groups of the difference in IQZ scores comparing ever with never breastfed individuals) of 0.12 (95% CI: −0.19; 0.43) and 0.06 (95% CI: −0.16; 0.27) for the rs174575 and rs1535 variants, respectively. Secondary analyses corroborated these results. In studies with >5.85 and <5.85 months of breastfeeding duration, pooled estimates for the rs174575 variant were 0.50 (95% CI: −0.06; 1.06) and 0.14 (95% CI: −0.10; 0.38), respectively, and 0.27 (95% CI: −0.28; 0.82) and −0.01 (95% CI: −0.19; 0.16) for the rs1535 variant. However, between-group comparisons were underpowered.ConclusionsOur findings do not support an interaction between ever breastfeeding andFADS2polymorphisms. However, our subgroup analysis raises the possibility that breastfeeding supplies LC-PUFAs requirements for cognitive development (if such threshold exists) if it lasts for some (currently unknown) time. Future studies in large individual-level datasets would allow properly powered subgroup analyses and would improve our understanding on the role of breastfeeding duration in the breastfeeding×FADS2interaction.
Indirect assortative mating for human disease and longevity
Authors: Rawlik Konrad , Canela-Xandri Oriol , Tenesa Albert 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPhenotypic correlations of couples for phenotypes evident at the time of mate choice, like height, are well documented. Similarly, phenotypic correlations among partners for traits not directly observable at the time of mate choice, like longevity or late-onset disease status, have been reported. Partner correlations for longevity and late-onset disease are comparable in magnitude to correlations in 1stdegree relatives. These correlations could arise as a consequence of convergence after mate choice, due to initial assortment on observable correlates of one or more risk factors (e.g. BMI), referred to as indirect assortative mating, or both. Using couples from the UK Biobank cohort, we show that longevity and disease history of the parents of white British couples is correlated. The correlations in parental longevity are replicated in the FamiLinx cohort. These correlations exceed what would be expected due to variations in lifespan based on year and location of birth. This suggests the presence of assortment on factors correlated with disease and lifespan, which show correlations across generations. Birth year, birth location, Townsend Deprivation Index, height, waist to hip ratio, BMI and smoking history of UK Biobank couples explained ~70% of the couple correlation in parental lifespan. For cardiovascular diseases, in particular hypertension, we find significant correlations in genetic values among partners, which support a model where partners assort for risk factors genetically correlated with cardiovascular disease. Identifying the factors that mediate indirect assortment on longevity and human disease risk will help to unravel what factors affect human disease and ultimately longevity.
Dynamic patterns of cortical expansion during folding of the preterm human brain
Authors: Garcia Kara E. , Robinson Emma C. , Alexopoulos Dimitrios , Dierker Donna L. , Glasser Matthew F. , Coalson Timothy S. , Ortinau Cynthia M. , Rueckert Daniel , Taber Larry A. , Van Essen David C. , Rogers Cynthia E. , Smyser Christopher D. , Bayly Philip V. 
Published: September 2017

During the third trimester of human brain development, the cerebral cortex undergoes dramatic surface expansion and folding. Physical models suggest that relatively rapid growth of the cortical gray matter helps drive this folding, and structural data suggests that growth may vary in both space (by region on the cortical surface) and time. In this study, we propose a new method to estimate local growth from sequential cortical reconstructions. Using anatomically-constrained Multimodal Surface Matching (aMSM), we obtain accurate, physically-guided point correspondence between younger and older cortical reconstructions of the same individual. From each pair of surfaces, we calculate continuous, smooth maps of cortical expansion with unprecedented precision. By considering 30 preterm infants scanned 2-4 times during the period of rapid cortical expansion (28 to 38 weeks postmenstrual age), we observe significant regional differences in growth across the cortical surface that are consistent with patterns of active folding. Furthermore, these growth patterns shift over the course of development, with non-injured subjects following a highly consistent trajectory. This information provides a detailed picture of dynamic changes in cortical growth, connecting what is known about patterns of development at the microscopic (cellular) and macroscopic (folding) scales. Since our method provides specific growth maps for individual brains, we are also able to detect alterations due to injury. This fully-automated surface analysis, based on tools freely available to the brain mapping community, may also serve as a useful approach for future studies of abnormal growth due to genetic disorders, injury, or other environmental variables.Significance StatementThe human brain exhibits complex folding patterns that emerge during the third trimester of fetal development. Minor folds are quasi-randomly shaped and distributed. Major folds, in contrast, are more conserved and form important landmarks. Disruption of cortical folding is associated with devastating disorders of cognition and emotion. Despite decades of study, the processes that produce normal and abnormal folding remain unresolved, although the relatively rapid tangential expansion of the cortex has emerged as a driving factor. Accurate and precise measurement of cortical growth patterns during the period of folding has remained elusive. Here, we illuminate the spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical expansion by analyzing MRI-derived surfaces of preterm infant brains, using a novel strain energy minimization approach.
Vaccine waning and mumps re-emergence in the United States
Authors: Lewnard Joseph A. , Grad Yonatan H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFollowing decades of declining mumps incidence amid widespread vaccination, the United States and other high-income countries have experienced a resurgence in mumps cases over the last decade. Outbreaks affecting vaccinated individuals—and communities with high vaccine coverage—have prompted concerns about the effectiveness of the live attenuated vaccine currently in use: it is unclear if immune protection wanes, or if the vaccine protects inadequately against mumps virus lineages currently circulating. Synthesizing data from epidemiological studies, we estimate that vaccine-derived protection wanes at a timescale of 27 (95%CI: 16 to 51) years. After accounting for this waning, we identify no evidence of changes in vaccine effectiveness over time associated with the emergence of heterologous virus genotypes. Moreover, a mathematical model of mumps transmission validates our findings about the central role of vaccine waning in the re-emergence of cases: outbreaks from 2006 to the present among young adults, and outbreaks occurring in the late 1980s and early 1990s among adolescents, align with peaks in the susceptibility of these age groups attributable to loss of vaccine-derived protection. In contrast, evolution of mumps virus strains escaping pressure would be expected to cause a higher proportion of cases among children. Routine use of a third dose at age 18y, or booster dosing throughout adulthood, may enable mumps elimination and should be assessed in clinical trials.One Sentence SummaryThe estimated waning rate of vaccine-conferred immunity against mumps predicts observed changes in the age distribution of mumps cases in the United States since 1967.
Administration of orexin A in the posterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus promotes cocaine-seeking behavior and is associated with hypothalamic activation
Authors: Matzeu Alessandra , Martin-Fardon Rémi 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTHypothalamic orexin (Orx) neurons that project to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) have received growing interest because of their role in drug-seeking behavior. When injected in the posterior PVT (pPVT), OrxA reinstated extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior in rats that had long access (LgA) to cocaine for 6 h/day after an intermediate period of abstinence (I-Abst, 2-3 weeks). Considering the long-lasting nature of drug-seeking behavior and that the PVT sends projections to the hypothalamus, the present study examined whether (i) OrxA’s priming effect is preserved after a period of protracted abstinence (P-Abst, 4-5 weeks) in LgA rats and (ii) the neural activation pattern (i.e., Fos+and Fos+/Orx+cells) in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), and perifornical area (PFA) following intra-pPVT OrxA administration that may explain OrxA-induced reinstatement in LgA animals. As reported previously, OrxA administration in the pPVT triggered cocaine-seeking behavior after I-Abst. With P-Abst, the priming effect of OrxA was absent. An intra-pPVT injection of OrxA produced a strong increase in neuronal activation (i.e., Fos expression) in the LH/DMH/PFA at I-Abst but not at P-Abst. The analysis of the activation (Fos+) of Orx neurons (Orx+) revealed an increase in Fos+/Orx+expression in the LH/DMH/PFA at I-Abst only, thus paralleling the behavioral data. These data indicate that shortly after abstinence, PVT↔LH/DMH/PFA connections are strongly recruited in animals with a history of cocaine dependence. The lack of effect at P-Abst suggests that the function of Orx receptors and connectivity of the PVT↔LH/DMH/PFA circuit undergo significant neuroadaptations following P-Abst.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA better understanding of the pathophysiological changes associated with cocaine addiction is needed to develop efficient pharmacotherapies. The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) and orexin (Orx) transmission within the PVT have been implicated in maladaptive (compulsive) behavior that is characteristic of drug addiction. The present study shows OrxA injections in the posterior PVT reinstates cocaine-seeking behavior in animals with a history of cocaine dependence, and this effect disappears after protracted abstinence, paralleled by the neuronal activation pattern in the hypothalamus. In subjects with a history of cocaine dependence, the function of Orx receptors and connectivity of the PVT↔ LH/DMH/PFA circuit undergo significant neuroadaptations.