bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preterm Delivery and Future Risk of Maternal Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wu Pensée , Gulati Martha , Kwok Chun Shing , Wong Chun Wai , Narain Aditya , O'Brien Shaughn , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. , Verma Ganga , Kadam Umesh T. , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: January 2018

Background
Preterm delivery (<37 weeks gestational age) affects 11% of all pregnancies, but data are conflicting whether preterm birth is associated with long‐term adverse maternal cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to systematically evaluate and summarize the evidence on the relationship between preterm birth and future maternal risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Methods and Results

A systematic search of
MEDLINE
and
EMBASE
was performed to identify relevant studies that evaluated the association between preterm birth and future maternal risk of composite cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, and death caused by cardiovascular or coronary heart disease and stroke. We quantified the associations using random effects meta‐analysis. Twenty‐one studies with over 5.8 million women, including over 338 000 women with previous preterm deliveries, were identified. Meta‐analysis of studies that adjusted for potential confounders showed that preterm birth was associated with an increased risk of maternal future cardiovascular disease (risk ratio [
RR
] 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18, 1.72), cardiovascular disease death (
RR
1.78, 95%
CI
, 1.42, 2.21), coronary heart disease (
RR
1.49, 95%
CI
, 1.38, 1.60), coronary heart disease death (
RR
2.10, 95%
CI
, 1.87, 2.36), and stroke (
RR
1.65, 95%
CI
, 1.51, 1.79). Sensitivity analysis showed that the highest risks occurred when the preterm deliveries occurred before 32 weeks gestation or were medically indicated.

Conclusions
Preterm delivery is associated with an increase in future maternal adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including a 2‐fold increase in deaths caused by coronary heart disease. These findings support the assessment of preterm delivery in cardiovascular risk assessment in women.
Weapons, Body Postures, and the Quest for Dominance in Robberies
Authors: Mosselman Floris , Weenink Don , Lindegaard Marie Rosenkrantz 
Published: January 2018

Objective: A small-scale exploration of the use of video analysis to study robberies. We analyze the use of weapons as part of the body posturing of robbers as they attempt to attain dominance. Methods: Qualitative analyses of video footage of 23 shop robberies. We used Observer XT software (version 12) for fine-grained multimodal coding, capturing diverse bodily behavior by various actors simultaneously. We also constructed story lines to understand the robberies as hermeneutic whole cases. Results: Robbers attain dominance by using weapons that afford aggrandizing posturing and forward movements. Guns rather than knives seemed to fit more easily with such posturing. Also, victims were more likely to show minimizing postures when confronted with guns. Thus, guns, as part of aggrandizing posturing, offer more support to robbers’ claims to dominance in addition to their more lethal power. In the cases where resistance occurred, robbers either expressed insecure body movements or minimizing postures and related weapon usage or they failed to impose a robbery frame as the victims did not seem to comprehend the situation initially. Conclusions: Video analysis opens up a new perspective of how violent crime unfolds as sequences of bodily movements. We provide methodological recommendations and suggest a larger scale comparative project.
Progress and Development: One and the Same in Latin America?
Authors: Cabalé Miranda Elizabeth , Rodríguez Pérez de Agreda Gabriel Modesto 
Published: January 2018

The error of the theses about Latin America that Rodolfo Stavenhagen criticized was mainly that they attempted to impose the capitalist class’s view of the world on the rest of society and that they were hegemonic. Stavenhagen’s arguments were not only counterhegemonic but directed at social praxis and social change. As he pointed out, Latin America’s internal colonialism is the result of capitalism’s subjugating and alienating mode of production, and therefore the solution to it cannot come from more capitalism. Any project for change must begin with breaking down our countries’ enormous social differences. Progress or development in Latin America will come not from economic growth but from the introduction of modes of production associated with the solidary economy. Las tesis sobre desarrollo en América Latina que Stavenhagen pretendió tergiversar resultaron equivocadas ante todo porque trataron de mostrar al resto de la sociedad una idea de la realidad propia del capital y porque eran hegemónicas. Los argumentos de Stavenhagen eran no solo contra-hegemónicos sino además dirigidos a la praxis social, al cambio de los social. Como el señaló, el colonialismo interno de América Latina era un resultado del despliegue del modo de producción capitalista sojuzgador y enajenante, y consecuente con ello, la solución no puede ser por mas capitalismo. No es posible proponerse ningún proyecto de cambio para el desarrollo si no se inicia por romper las abismales diferencias que existen en las sociedades de nuestros países. El progreso o el desarrollo en América Latina no está en el camino del crecimiento económico, sino en el de ir introduciendo modos de producir propios de la conocida economía solidaria.
Relationship between nurses’ moral sensitivity and the quality of care
Authors: Amiri Elham , Ebrahimi Hossein , Vahidi Maryam , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohamad , Namdar Areshtanab Hossein 
Published: January 2018

Background: To provide care with high quality, nurses face a number of moral issues requiring them to have moral abilities in professional performance. Moral sensitivity is the first step in moral performance. However, its relation to the quality of care patients receive is controversial. Research objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between the moral sensitivity of nurses and the quality of care received by patients in the medical wards. Research design: A descriptive correlational study using validated tools, including Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire and the Quality Patient Quality Scale. Participants and research context: In total, 198 nurses and 198 patients in 17 medical wards of hospitals affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Ethical considerations: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Findings: The mean values of nurses’ moral sensitivity and nurses’ quality care were 136.47 ± 13.30 and 196.36 ± 44.10, respectively. There was no significant relationship between the patient care quality and nurses’ moral sensitivity ( r = −.14, p = .5). However, there was a significant inverse relationship between the dimension of “Experiencing moral conflicts” and the overall score of quality care ( r = −.50, p = .04), the dimensions of “psychosocial ( r = −.50, p = .04)” and “physical ( r = −.50, p = .03).” Conclusion: Considering the significant inverse relationship between the score of patient quality care and the dimension of moral conflict experience, it seems when nurses make moral decisions, they experience a conflict between personal and professional values in their careers and thus experience moral tension. If this tension is not resolved properly, it can provide a way for them to distance themselves from patients, thereby making nurses indifferent to moral care.
Comparative Study of Intramedullary Hammertoe Fixation
Authors: Obrador Caterina , Losa-Iglesias Marta , Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo , Kabbash Christina A. 
Published: January 2018

Background: Temporary Kirschner wire fixation (K-wire) is a widely used, low-cost fixation method for the correction of hammertoe deformity. Reported complications associated with K-wires prompted the development of new implants over the past decade. However, there is a lack of literature on comparative studies analyzing functional outcomes using validated questionnaires. The purpose of this study was to analyze functional outcomes in patients who had undergone proximal interphalangeal joint fusion using 2 types of intramedullary implant, the Smart Toe and the TenFuse, and to compare them with the outcomes in patients treated with standard K-wire fixation. Methods: A retrospective review of operative hammertoe correction by a single surgeon was performed in 96 patients followed for more than 12 months. Functional outcome was assessed using the Foot Function Index (FFI), the Short Form 36 (SF-36), and the 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) validated questionnaires. Complications and fusion rates were also evaluated. Several patients in the study underwent corrections in different toes; thus, a total of 186 toes were included in the study. From these, 65 toes (34.9%) were treated with K-wire fixation, 94 (50.5%) with Smart Toe titanium implant, and 27 (14.5%) with TenFuse allograft implant. Results: No statistically significant differences in functional outcome and incidence of complications were observed among the 3 fixation groups, although the 2 intramedullary implants were associated with greater fusion rates and patient satisfaction. Breakage of the Smart Toe implant was significantly higher than that of the other fixations, with 10.6% of implants breaking within the first year postoperatively. SF-36 and VAS scores decreased 12 months after surgery for the 3 types of fixation, with no statistically significant differences observed. Conclusion: The use of Smart Toe and TenFuse implants provided operative outcomes comparable to those obtained using a K-wire fixation and slightly better patient satisfaction. Our results suggest that utilization of these implants for hammertoe correction was a reasonable choice that provided good alignment, pain reduction, and improved function at final follow-up. However, they are more expensive than K-wires. For this reason, in-depth cost-benefit studies would be required to justify their use as a standard treatment. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.
The Role the Type of Vascular Access Plays in the Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus in a High Prevalence Hemodialysis Unit
Authors: Saxena A.K. , Panhotra B.R. , Sundaram D.S. 
Published: January 2018

Background The necessity of having a vascular access site as well as extracorporeal blood circulation, may add to the risk for patients being dialyzed in units with high HCV prevalence of acquiring hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study endeavors to determine the role the type of vascular access plays in the transmission of HCV infection in the hemodialysis (HD) unit of a Middle Eastern country. Methods The records of 198 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) enrolled on maintenance HD from November 1995 to November 2000 at this tertiary care center, were retrospectively reviewed to match the HCV prevalence and seroconversion rates among patients groups being dialyzed through various types of vascular accesses. Factors such as, number of units of blood transfused and dialytic age (time-span since the initiation of the HD treatment), implicated in transmission of HCV infection in HD units, were also recorded, and compared among these cohorts. Results The overall, high HCV seroprevalence of 43.4% (86/198) and annual seroconversion rate of 8.6% per year were recorded. Patients with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) documented peak anti-HCV prevalence [61.7% (63/102)] and annual seroconversion rates (12.3%) as compared to lowest prevalence of 12.9% (4/34) and seroconversion rate of 2.5%, observed among patients with permanent Catheters (PC). Patients dialyzed through polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts recorded the next highest HCV prevalence of 47.8% (11/23) with seroconversion rate of 9.5% but temporary catheter (TC) group had HCV prevalence of 19% (8/42) and seroconversion rate of 3.8% [Odd Ratio (OR)-1.58, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (0.37–7.12), p-NS]. Conclusions Considerably higher annual seroconversion rates in AVF [OR-10.90, 95% CI (3.2–40.0), p<0.0001] and PTFE [OR-5.71, 95% CI (1.31–26.79), p<0.016)] groups, appear to suggest that the patients being dialyzed through AVF and PTFE, carried significantly higher risk of acquisition of HCV infection compared to those dialyzed through TC and PC (reference group). This could possibly be attributed to likely accessibility of HCV to blood circulation due to possible breakdown of standard infection control precautions during repeated punctures and cannulations of AVF and PTFE to perform a HD, in a unit with high baseline HCV prevalence.
Percutaneous treatment of thrombosed arteriovenous fistulae using the Gelbfish-Endovac aspiration thrombectomy device
Authors: Falk A. , Gelbfish G.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To study the efficacy and safety of percutaneous treatment of thrombosed hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) using the Gelbfish-Endovac aspiration thrombectomy device (Gelbfish-Endovac). Methods From September 2003 to May 2004, twenty-nine percutaneous thrombectomy procedures were performed in 27 patients (median age of 67 years, 14 females) with thrombosed hemodialysis AVF using the Gelbfish-Endovac. Prior interventions, procedure time, anticoagulation, use of additional devices/thrombolytic agents, technical success, clinical success, complication rates, and patency at 30, 60 and 90 days were evaluated. Results Sixteen upper arm and 13 forearm AVF were declotted. Seventeen AVF had prior percutaneous interventions. Three AVF had not matured. Median AVF age was 9 months. Heparin was used in 14 procedures. Sixteen arterial lesions and 25 venous lesions were uncovered and treated. Two AVF required the additional use of the Arrow-Trerotola percutaneous thrombectomy device. One AVF underwent side branch ligation. No thrombolytic agents were used. Median procedure time was 70 minutes. Initial technical success was achieved in 24 AVF and clinical success was achieved in 22 AVF. Eleven complications occurred. Ten AVF remained open at 30 days, 10 at 60 days and 8 at 90 days without further interventions. With additional percutaneous interventions, 16 AVF remained open at 30 days, 16 at 60 days and 15 at 90 days. Conclusion The Gelbfish-Endovac aspiration thrombectomy device is safe and efficacious for percutaneous de-clotting of AVF.
Complications and management of long-term central venous access catheters and ports
Authors: Yildizeli B. , Laçin T. , Batirel H.F. , Yüksel M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Although prolonged venous access devices (PVADs) are used in case prolonged intravenous therapy is required, implantation and use of these devices is associated with complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate perioperative and long-term complications associated with PVADs and the management of these complications. Methods A retrospective review was undertaken of 225 PVADs implanted in 217 patients from February 1993 to June 2004. This included 144 single-lumen port infusion systems, 49 single-lumen Hickman® catheters and 32 double-lumen Groshong® catheters. The PVADs were inserted using either the percutaneous Seldinger method (n=183) or cutdown access to the subclavian vein (n=42). Indications for placement were as follows: chemotherapy in 66.2% of patients, drug-infusion treatment in 31.6% of patients and total parenteral nutrition in 2.2% of patients. Results Perioperative complications occurred in 13 patients (5.7%): catheter malposition in seven patients (3.1%), pneumothorax in three patients (1.3%), hemorrhage in two patients (0.9%) and catheter embolization in one patient (0.4%). Long-term complications appeared in 15 patients (6.6%): infection in five patients (2.2%), thrombosis in three patients (1.3%), extravasation in three patients (1.3%), and catheter fracture in four patients (1.8%). The fractured fragments were removed by the Amplatz® snare device. In 10 patients (4.4%) only were PVADs removed prior to completion of the intended therapy. Indications for removal were catheter infection in five patients (2.2%) and catheter fracture in five patients (2.2%). Conclusions PVAD implantation is associated with some risk of serious perioperative and long-term complications. Care of the catheter and the patient should be maintained with the proper and immediate evaluation of the perioperative and long-term complications.
Efficacy and Safety of a Retrograde Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheter: 6-Month Clinical Experience with the Cannon Catheter™ Chronic Hemodialysis Catheter
Authors: Davanzo W.J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Tunneled catheters play an important role in the delivery of hemodialysis, for both temporary and long-term vascular access. Proper catheter tip positioning is critical for optimal blood flow and performance. The modular Cannon Catheter™ II Chronic Hemodialysis Catheter is placed tip first, then tunneled back to the exit site, in a simple technique (retrograde tunneling) that provides precise tip placement within the right atrium. This retrospective study evaluated 6-month efficacy and safety of the Cannon catheter in 38 patients. Methods Monthly mean flow, pressure, Kt/V, and URR were determined. Safety parameters included early and late device-related complications, device removals, and device survival. Results 87% of subjects had history of vascular access failure. Cannon catheters were inserted via an internal jugular vein with retrograde tunneling in all patients without insertional complication. Mean flow ranged from 369.0 to 404.8 ml/min, with a trend for increasing flow over time. High flow allowed delivery of correspondingly high clearance. Mean URR remained ≥71%; mean weekly Kt/V ranged between 1.55 and 1.60, above current K/DOQI adequacy guidelines. There were no device-related hospitalizations or deaths. Catheter-related bacteremia occurred in 3 patients over the 6 months (0.62 bacteremias/1,000 patient-days), resolving through outpatient treatment. The Cannon catheter provided extended high flow vascular access (≥6 months or until hemodialysis catheter-based access was no longer needed) in 95% of patients. Conclusion Retrograde tunneling of the Cannon Catheter™ II Chronic Hemodialysis Catheter allowed optimal tip placement and high flow rates, as well as safe, reliable, extended use.
Influence of Autologous Arteriovenous Fistula on the Blood Supply to the Hand in Very Elderly Hemodialyzed Patients
Authors: Kusztal M. , Weyde W. , Letachowicz W. , Porazko T. , Krajewska M. , Penar J. , Klinger M. 
Published: January 2018

Introduction Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation for hemodialysis (HD) could predispose to local arterial insufficiency of the hand (steal syndrome). Patients with diabetes mellitus, peripheral arterial disease and elderly patients tend to have a higher risk of hand ischemia. Purpose and methods To estimate the influence of AVF on the blood supply to the hands in the elderly population and to identify steal syndrome cases by non-invasive diagnostics (finger photoplethysmography (PPG), pulse volume recording (PVR), Doppler analysis and pulseoxymetry). The evaluation was carried out in 25 random patients (10 females, 15 males) >75 yrs of age (79.6 ± 3.87 yrs), whose functioning autologous AVFs had been placed at least 1 month previously. Results Mean PPG and PVR amplitudes did not differ in statistical analysis (p > 0.05) between hands with and without an AVF. One patient (4%) with end-to-side anastomosis was diagnosed with steal syndrome (typical manifestation confirmed in PPG, Doppler and pulseoxymetry). Two other patients with high brachiocephalic anastomosis presented subclinical steal syndrome (only low PPG and PVR). Conclusions Even in the very elderly, AVF creation should be considered due to a lesser influence on the blood supply to the hands. Non-invasive diagnostics used by us seemed to be useful in identifying steal syndrome after AVF creation.
The management of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas in well functioning renal transplanted patients: Many doubts, few certainties
Authors: Manca O. , Pisano G.L. , Carta P. , Manca E.M. , Piredda G.B. , Pili G. , Logias F. , Jacono F. LO , Barracca A. 
Published: January 2018

Vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis (HD) is one of the most important clinical problems in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients because it can limit a life support system and can influence long-term dialysis patient survival. Nevertheless, VA becomes useless after a successful renal transplant. Therefore, we wanted to evaluate the natural history of arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) in renal transplanted patients and the possibility of maintaining the fistula as patent or not. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate kidney transplant patients in our unit from April 1994 to April 2004. We studied 542 patients. Results There were 365 patients with a well functioning kidney. Eighty-six patients died. Ninety-one patients were put back on dialysis: 89 patients on HD and two patients on CAPD. Of the 365 patients with functioning kidney transplants, 198 patients demonstrated a patent fistula, while 167 patients had a closed fistula. One hundred and twenty-five patients had a spontaneous closure and 42 patients had a surgical closure. Of the 89 patients put back on dialysis, 49 patients used the previous AVF, while it was necessary to create a new VA in 40 patients. Conclusions As demonstrated by the results of our study, after renal transplantation the possibility of spontaneous AVF closure caused by a thrombosis is not a rare event. The dilemma is whether to preserve a fistula that could be useful in case of restarting HD or to perform a systematic fistula closure because of cardiac output and cardiac failure risks. Concerning this question there is no consensus between different authors in the literature. In reviewing the literature and analyzing our data, we conclude that the definite indications for AVF closure in well functioning renal transplanted patients are heart failure, high flow fistula, VA complications and important aesthetic reasons. Routine AVF closure is not indicated until prospective and randomized studies can demonstrate the ability of this procedure to reduce the high incidence of cardiac morbidity and mortality that is present, even after renal transplantation.
Does personal experience of dementia change attitudes? The Bristol and South Gloucestershire survey of dementia attitudes
Authors: Cheston Richard , Hancock Jude , White Paul 
Published: January 2018

Background It is unclear how attitudes towards people with dementia are formed and whether, for instance, increased contact with people with dementia, either through work or personal experience alters attitudes. This study used a validated questionnaire (the Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire) to examine whether having experience of dementia (either as a result of work, or by being affected by dementia) is associated with differences in attitudes towards dementia. Methods A modified version of the Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire was completed by 2201 participants, either online or in written form. Participants also recorded their age, gender and ethnicity as well as whether they worked with people with dementia or had been personally affected by dementia. Results Increased contact with people with dementia was associated with increases in both total Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire scores and across both sub-scales reflecting more positive person-centred attitudes toward dementia. The highest levels of increase were found amongst non-white participants. Conclusions This study is, we believe, the first attempt to look systematically at whether greater contact with people with dementia is associated with changes in attitudes. The results strongly support the contention that increased contact with people with dementia leads to more person-centred attitudes, and by inference, less stigmatising views.