bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of key phosphorylation sites in PTH1R that determine arrestin3 binding and fine-tune receptor signaling
Authors: Zindel Diana , Engel Sandra , Bottrill Andrew R. , Pin Jean-Philippe , Prézeau Laurent , Tobin Andrew B. , Bünemann Moritz , Krasel Cornelius , Butcher Adrian J. 
Published: September 2016

The parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTH1R) is a member of family B of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), predominantly expressed in bone and kidney where it modulates extracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and bone turnover. It is well established that phosphorylation of GPCRs constitutes a key event in regulating receptor function by promoting arrestin recruitment and coupling to G-protein-independent signaling pathways. Mapping phosphorylation sites on PTH1R would provide insights into how phosphorylation at specific sites regulates cell signaling responses and also open the possibility of developing therapeutic agents that could target specific receptor functions. Here, we have used mass spectrometry to identify nine sites of phosphorylation in the C-terminal tail of PTH1R. Mutational analysis revealed identified two clusters of serine and threonine residues (Ser489–Ser495 and Ser501–Thr506) specifically responsible for the majority of PTH(1–34)-induced receptor phosphorylation. Mutation of these residues to alanine did not affect negatively on the ability of the receptor to couple to G-proteins or activate extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer to monitor PTH(1–34)-induced interaction of PTH1R with arrestin3, we show that the first cluster Ser489–Ser495 and the second cluster Ser501–Thr506 operated in concert to mediate both the efficacy and potency of ligand-induced arrestin3 recruitment. We further demonstrate that Ser503 and Thr504 in the second cluster are responsible for 70% of arrestin3 recruitment and are key determinants for interaction of arrestin with the receptor. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the pattern of C-terminal tail phosphorylation on PTH1R may determine the signaling outcome following receptor activation.
The Challenges of Dysphagia Management and Rehabilitation in Two Complex Cases Post Chemical Ingestion Injury
Authors: Rumbach Anna F. , Cremer Rebecca , Chatwood Astra , Fink Sari , Haider Sadaf , Yee Michelle 
Published: September 2016

PurposeDysphagia is common sequelae of chemical ingestion injury, resulting from damage to critical swallowing structures. From a speech-language pathology perspective, this study outlines the physiological deficits in 2 individuals with severe injury (1 woman, acid; 1 man, alkali) and the pattern of dysphagia rehabilitation and recovery.MethodA retrospective chart review of clinical and instrumental assessments was conducted to examine swallow characteristics and speech-language pathology management (compensatory and rehabilitation strategies) at multiple time points.ResultsChemical ingestion injury resulted in severe pharyngeal dysphagia for both participants, warranting speech-language pathology management. Dysphagia was characterized by poor base of tongue mobility and reduced laryngeal excursion. Decreased airway patency and protection, secondary to mucosal sloughing, widespread edema, and structural deficits necessitated tracheostomy. Recovery was complicated by physical alterations of pharyngeal and laryngeal structures (e.g., interarytenoid adhesions) and esophageal strictures. Participant 1 was discharged (Day 135) consuming a texture-modified diet; Participant 2 remained nil by mouth (Day 329).ConclusionsDysphagia recovery subsequent to chemical ingestion is protracted and complex. Clinical outcomes may be improved through individualized and intensive rehabilitation by speech-language pathologists.
Compact dual‐band BPF with wide stopband using stub‐loaded spiral stepped‐impedance resonator
Authors: Singh V. , Killamsetty V.K. , Mukherjee B. 
Published: September 2016

A compact dual‐band bandpass filter (BPF) with wide stopband performance using stub‐loaded spiral short‐circuit λ/4 stepped‐impedance resonator is proposed. Spiral configuration has been used for compactness of filter. Both passbands can be controlled individually by changing the geometric parameters of resonator. Multiple transmission zeros provide high selectivity to both passband and extend stopband up to 3 GHz. The filter has compact size of 0.06λg × 0.09λg. A dual‐band BPF has been designed and fabricated for terrestrial trunked radio (TETRA) band and global system for mobile communication applications.
Relation between Ossicular Erosion and Destruction of Facial and Lateral Semicircular Canals in Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Bulğurcu Suphi , Arslan İlker , Dikilitaş Bünyamin , Çukurova İbrahim 
Published: September 2016

Introduction Chronic otitis media can cause multiple middle ear pathogeneses. The surgeon should be aware of relation between ossicular chain erosion and other destructions because of the possibility of complications.
Objective This study aimed to investigate the rates of ossicular erosion in cases of patients with and without facial nerve canal destruction, who had undergone mastoidectomy due to chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed three hundred twenty-seven patients who had undergone tympanomastoidectomy between April 2008 and February 2014. We documented the types of mastoidectomy (canal wall up, canal wall down, and radical mastoidectomy), erosion of the malleus, incus and stapes, and the destruction of facial and lateral semi-circular canal.
Results Out of the 327 patients, 147 were women (44.95%) and 180 were men (55.04%) with a mean age 50.8 ± 13 years (range 8–72 years). 245 of the 327 patients (75.22%) had been operated with the diagnosis of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. FNCD was present in 62 of the 327 patients (18.96%) and 49 of these 62 (79.03%) patients had chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. The correlation between the presence of FNCD with LSCC destruction and stapes erosion in chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma is statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Although incus is the most common of destructed ossicles in chronic otitis media, facial canal destruction is more closely related to stapes erosion.
Poland Syndrome: Use of Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib System before Walking Age—A Case Report
Authors: Katsarov Atanas , Drebov Rosen S. 
Published: September 2016

Aim To present a new therapy for Poland syndrome (PS) using a novel surgical approach: the vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) system.
Methods The VEPTR system rib-to-rib variant was used to enhance the chest wall and vertebral column support in a young patient before walking age.
Case Report We present a 12-month-old infant diagnosed with left-sided PS at the age of 6 months associated with missing ribs, scoliosis, and absence of the left pectoral muscles. Because of four missing ribs, paradoxical breathing was present. In addition, the left scapula was protruding into the chest due to the missing rib support. Scoliosis was caused by a left-sided nonsegmented bar of the thoracic spine.
Results We decided to use the VEPTR system before the patient reached walking age to prevent progression of column deformation and future pulmonary problems. To improve the spinal deformity, to stabilize the thorax, and to improve thoracic function, we performed the operation at 1 year of age. At 10-month follow-up, the patient was reevaluated. The construction was still stable and scoliosis had not deteriorated.
Conclusion The VEPTR system is a choice of treatment in young patients with PS to prevent late complications after a child reaches walking age.
Von den ersten Symptomen bis zur Behandlung einer Depression. Wann und bei wem suchen Menschen mit Depression Hilfe? Welche Rolle spielt Stigmatisierung?
Authors: Dietrich Sandra , Mergl Roland , Rummel-Kluge Christine 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Erfassung des Zeitraums zwischen Auftreten erster Symptome und Inanspruchnahme einer Behandlung und Rolle der Stigmatisierung.
Methodik Befragung auf dem 2. Deutschen Patientenkongress Depression.
Ergebnisse Bei zwei Drittel der Betroffenen vergingen mehr als 3 Monate, bei etwa einem Viertel mehr als 3 Jahre zwischen Auftreten erster Symptome und Aufnahme einer Behandlung. Etwa zwei Drittel erhielten eine Diagnose zuerst von einem Facharzt. Häufigste Behandlungen waren Psychotherapie, Pharmakotherapie oder eine Kombination aus beiden.
Schlussfolgerung Eine Erklärung für eine verzögerte Inanspruchnahme einer Behandlung könnte die von Betroffenen wahrgenommene öffentliche Stigmatisierung sein.
Statin Intolerance in a Patient with Gilberts Syndrome and Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Jialal I. , Siegel D. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background: Statin intolerance especially myalgias can be a serious problem. Whilst it is well know that drugs that compete for Cytochrome 450 system can result in myalgias there is sparse data on the role of glucuronidation of statins contributing to statin intolerance We report on a 60 year old male with Hypercholesterolemia (HC) who was referred for management of his HC since he had statin intolerance manifesting as myalgias and was shown to have Gilbert’s Syndrome.
Case Report: Investigation of this patient revealed he had Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia with a LDL-cholesterol of 189 mg/dl. He was also diagnosed with Gilbert’s Syndrome since he had elevated unconjugated bilirubin with no evidence of liver disease or hemolysis. The combination of Niacin, Cholestyramine and ezetimibe resulted in a successful decrease in his LDL-cholesterol to 114 mg/dl.
Discussion: We believe that his Gilberts Syndrome resulted in an impairment in glucuronidation of statin drugs resulting in an increase in free drug levels and myalgias. We caution that clinicians should consider this possibility when confronted with a patient with both isolated elevations of unconjugated bilirubin and increase LDL-cholesterol levels before commencing statin therapy.
Feasibility of Passive Integrated Transponder and Acoustic Tagging for Endangered Adult Delta Smelt
Authors: Wilder Richard M. , Hassrick Jason L. , Grimaldo Lenny F. , Greenwood Marin F. D. , Acuña Shawn , Burns Jillian M. , Maniscalco Donna M. , Crain Patrick K. , Hung Tien-Chieh 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Conservation and recovery of endangered species requires timely and defensible data to predict their responses to management actions. In the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, the population of Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus, a species of management concern, has declined to a record low. Alternative research strategies are now sought to determine the efficacy of management actions. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of tagging cultured adult Delta Smelt as a potential surrogate for wild fish in field experiments. Preliminary experiments determined that anesthesia of Delta Smelt in 35 mg/L AQUI-S 20E for 4 min best facilitated tagging. The 28-d survival of Delta Smelt (n = 39) intracoelomically injected with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags (8.4 mm, 0.03 g) was high (95%) and did not differ from untagged control fish; tag retention was 97%. Survival of Delta Smelt with injected (n = 40) and surgically inserted (n = 40) dummy acoustic transmitters (15.0 mm, 0.22 g) was significantly lower than PIT-tagged and control fish, with only 60% surviving tag injection and 50% surviving surgical tag insertion. Surviving fish had high tag retention (injected: 95%; surgically inserted: 100%). Although not quantified, observational data suggested that the swimming ability of fish with acoustic tags was impaired. These results indicate that cultured Delta Smelt injected with PIT tags provide resource managers with a readily available wild surrogate to examine management actions in the delta. However, acoustic tags, which provide more detailed information on movement patterns, must be made smaller to reduce effects on survival before they can be used successfully in Delta Smelt. Logistic regression suggested that achievement of high survival (&gt;90%) would require a tag mass: body mass ratio below 0.02.
Received January 27, 2016; accepted May 25, 2016 Published online September 13, 2016
Evaluating Management Regimes using Per-Recruit Models and Relative Stock Density for Mississippi's Spotted Seatrout
Authors: Dippold David A. , Leaf Robert T. , Peterson Mark S. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus is the most popular target of recreational inshore fisheries in Mississippi coastal waters. The Gulf of Mexico (GOM) stock of Spotted Seatrout is composed of spatially distinct substocks, and each state imposes unique bag and size limits. In Mississippi, the stock is managed using minimum length limits and daily bag limits. We used two methods to evaluate the efficacy of length restrictions and fishing mortality (F) levels: (1) a per-recruit model simulation to evaluate the effects of proposed management actions on reproductive output and yield, and (2) an evaluation of how management regimes impact relative stock density (RSD). Relative stock density has been widely used as a management tool in recreational and generally freshwater fisheries but has not been widely employed in informing management of marine stocks. We used demographic information from fisheries-independent sampling and length-specific natural mortality estimates to construct both models. Our analysis suggested that decreased F, increased minimum length limits, and slot limits that include intermediate upper length limits could increase RSD measures for GOM Spotted Seatrout. We found that for all management regimes examined, local demographic properties of Spotted Seatrout may preclude large proportions of trophy-length (≥686 mm TL) individuals. Per-recruit modeling and RSD analysis are complementary approaches to inform management, as they consider spawning stock biomass, yield, and the maximization of angler satisfaction.
Received October 6, 2015; accepted June 8, 2016 Published online September 13, 2016
Simulation Modeling to Explore the Effects of Length-Based Harvest Regulations for Ictalurus Fisheries
Authors: Stewart David R. , Long James M. , Shoup Daniel E. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Management of Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus and Channel Catfish I. punctatus for trophy production has recently become more common. Typically, trophy management is attempted with length-based regulations that allow for the moderate harvest of small fish but restrict the harvest of larger fish. However, the specific regulations used vary considerably across populations, and no modeling efforts have evaluated their effectiveness. We used simulation modeling to compare total yield, trophy biomass (Btrophy), and sustainability (spawning potential ratio [SPR] &gt; 0.30) of Blue Catfish and Channel Catfish populations under three scenarios: (1) current regulation (typically a length-based trophy regulation), (2) the best-performing minimum length regulation (MLRbest), and (3) the best-performing length-based trophy catfish regulation (LTRbest; “best performing” was defined as the regulation that maximized yield, Btrophy, and sustainability). The Btrophy produced did not differ among the three scenarios. For each fishery, the MLRbest and LTRbest produced greater yield (&gt;22% more) than the current regulation and maintained sustainability at higher finite exploitation rates (&gt;0.30) than the current regulation. The MLRbest and LTRbest produced similar yields and SPRs for Channel Catfish and similar yields for Blue Catfish; however, the MLRbest for Blue Catfish produced more resilient fisheries (higher SPR) than the LTRbest. Overall, the variation in yield, Btrophy, and SPR among populations was greater than the variation among regulations applied to any given population, suggesting that population-specific regulations may be preferable to regulations applied to geographic regions. We conclude that LTRs are useful for improving catfish yield and maintaining sustainability without overly restricting harvest but are not effective at increasing the Btrophy of catfish.
Received February 1, 2016; accepted June 16, 2016
Neutral recirculation—the key to control of divertor operation
Authors: Kukushkin A.S. , Pacher H.D. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Interaction of the plasma with neutral gas in the divertor affects virtually all aspects of divertor functionality (power loading of the targets, pumping and fuelling, sustaining the operational conditions of the core plasma). In the course of ITER design development, this interaction has been the subject of intense modelling analysis, supported by experiments on various tokamaks. Neutral gas puffing is found to be the most effective means of divertor control. The results of those studies are summarized and assessed in the paper.
Molecular dynamics simulations of ballistic He penetration into W fuzz
Authors: Klaver T.P.C. , Nordlund K. , Morgan T.W. , Westerhof E. , Thijsse B.J. , van de Sanden M.C.M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Results are presented of large-scale Molecular Dynamics simulations of low-energy He bombardment of W nanorods, or so-called ‘fuzz’ structures. The goal of these simulations is to see if ballistic He penetration through W fuzz offers a more realistic scenario for how He moves through fuzz layers than He diffusion through fuzz nanorods. Instead of trying to grow a fuzz layer starting from a flat piece of bulk W, a new approach of creating a fully formed fuzz structure 0.43 µm thick out of ellipsoidal pieces of W is employed. Lack of detailed experimental knowledge of the 3D structure of fuzz is dealt with by simulating He bombardment on five different structures of 15 vol% W and determining the variation in He penetration for each case. The results show that by far the most important factor determining He penetration is the amount of open channels through which He ions can travel unimpeded. For a more or less even W density distribution He penetration into fuzz falls off exponentially with distance and can thus be described by a ‘half depth’. In a 15 vol% fuzz structure, the half depth can reach 0.18 µm. In the far sparser fuzz structures that were recently reported, the half depth might be 1 µm or more. This means that ballistic He penetration offers a more likely scenario than He diffusion through nanorods for how He moves through fuzz and may provide an adequate explanation for how He penetrates through the thickest fuzz layers reported so far. Furthermore, the exponential decrease in penetration with depth would follow a logarithmic dependence on fluence which is compatible with experiments. A comparison of these results and molecular dynamics calculations carried out in the recoil interaction approximation shows that results for W fuzz are qualitatively very different from conventional stopping power calculations on W with a similarly low but homogeneous density distribution.
The spatial distribution of extreme climate events, another climate inequity for the world’s most vulnerable people
Authors: Green Donna 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Does the climate change signal emerge equally from internal climate variability across the globe? If not, are there particular locations where temperature extremes might disproportionately affect specific populations? The letter by Harrington et al (2016 Environ. Res. Lett.

11 055007) argues that people living in low latitude countries, which contain the majority of the world’s poorest people, are—and will continue to be—disproportionately affected by increases in temperature extremes. Due to differences in expertise of climate scientists, and climate impact and adaptation scientists, few climate extreme event analyses are spatially disaggregated and linked to local populations’ socio-economic characteristics. The research presented in this letter begins to bridge this gap by providing evidence of inequitable spatial impacts from climate extremes on the world’s poorest people.
Nineteenth-Century and Early Twentieth-Century Post-Kantian Philosophy
Authors: Franks Paul 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article examines three moments of the post-Kantian philosophical tradition in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: Kantianism, Post-Kantian Idealism, and Neo-Kantianism. It elucidates the distinctive methods of a tradition that has never entirely disappeared and is now acknowledged once again as the source of contemporary insights. It outlines two problematics—naturalist scepticism and historicist nihilism—threatening the possibility of metaphysics. The first concerns sceptical worries about reason, emerging from attempts to extend the methods of natural science to the study of human beings. Kant’s project of a critical and transcendental analysis of reason, with its distinctive methods, should be considered a response. The second arises from the development of new methods of historical inquiry, seeming to undermine the very possibility of individual agency. Also considered are Kant’s successors’ revisions of the critical and transcendental analysis of reason, undertaken to overcome challenges confronting the original versions of Kant’s methods.
Feminism
Authors: Maitra Neel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article explores feminist work in philosophy. It begins by distinguishing some central questions that feminist philosophers have been concerned with, and taking feminist work in epistemology as a case study, illustrates how those questions have been addressed. The chapter then goes on to consider some tools that feminist philosophers have put to use in addressing these questions. Focusing on some of these (in particular, the sex-gender distinction, oppression, objectification, situated knowledge/situated agency), the chapter discusses why they have been important, and looks at some recent debates regarding how they are best understood. The final section describes some recurring themes in feminist work in philosophy.
Experimental Philosophy
Authors: Mallon Ron 
Published: September 2016

AbstractExperimental philosophy is an extension of the Naturalists’ Challenge to the use of intuitions in philosophy. This chapter explores this challenge and traditional or “armchair” responses to it, focusing especially on the case of reference. It first considers the role and nature of intuitions, along with two kinds of experimental philosophical challenges to their use: the challenge from irrelevant determination and the challenge from diversity. It then explores using the challenge from diversity to undermine the reliability of intuitions as evidence for the truth of philosophical claims, and examines critical responses to the challenge from diversity. The chapter concludes by evaluating the possibility that diversity in responses to thought experiments occur even within individuals, and the implications of this for the Naturalists’ Challenge.
Critical Philosophy of Race
Authors: Mills Charles W. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This article tries to provide a genealogy for, and a characterization of, “critical philosophy of race,” which has only recently begun to gain formal recognition as a subject within the discipline. After discussing the contested periodization of race and racism, the author turns to the related question of whether they have affected the history of Western philosophy from the classical epoch to modernity. Then he reviews contemporary scholarship in critical philosophy of race, looking at standard divisions of the field: metaphysics (the metaphysics of race); epistemology (social epistemology, standpoint theory, and “whiteness”); aesthetics (race and structures of feeling, racism and anti-racism in works of art); ethics (the moral challenges of slavery, white supremacy, and their ongoing legacy); social and political philosophy (competing analyses of racism as a concept, competing etiologies of racism as a reality, racial domination and racial justice); and existentialism, phenomenology, and pragmatism (the lived experience of race).