bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permian phytogeography and climate
Authors: Ziegler Alfred M. , Gyllenhaal Eric D. 
Published: January 2018

A greater number of floral provinces have been defined for the Permian than for any other Phanerozoic period, and this is presumably the reflection of a well differentiated set of climate zones. These floras have been assigned to an idealized set of ten “biomes” as defined on the basis of the equator-to-pole spectrum of present day climates (Ziegler, 1990). The biomes reflect temperature and precipitation, and in particular the way in which these parameters change through the annual cycle. The purpose of the present paper is (1) to expand the taxonomic database of Permian floras and climatically sensitive sediments, (2) to use ordination analyses and other multivariate techniques to relate taxonomic data to climate, geographic distance and other factors that controlled the global distribution of plants, and (3) to relate these results to the recognition of biomes during the Permian.This approach reveals that the phytogeographic provinces, as recognized by paleobotanists, are objectively valid entities, but significant gradations can be detected, supporting the idea that the floras were controlled by climate rather than by geographic separation. In fact, there are no examples in the Permian world of strictly geographic barriers, which is not surprising in view of the fact that the continents were basically together through this time.Biomes are defined by climatic parameters, but the taxonomic characteristics of biomes have evolved with time. The Permian floral provinces can be related to precipitation balance by their associations with such climatically sensitive sediments as coals, paleosols and evaporites, and this is critical for assigning each to an appropriate biome. At least at the generic level, taxonomic lists have significant limitations for identification of biomes in the geologic past. In particular, northern and southern hemisphere temperate biomes evolved radically different floras by the Permian. Ecomorphic characters and taxonomic diversity within critical groups may provide a more general scheme for phytologic recognition of biomes through geologic time.Finally, detailed comparisons will be made to General Circulation Model and Energy Balance studies on the Permian. The numerical studies seem to overemphasize the seasonal extremes of temperature in the middle to high latitudes.
Human germline gene editing: Recommendations of ESHG and ESHRE
Authors: de Wert Guido , Pennings Guido , Clarke Angus , Eichenlaub-Ritter Ursula , van El Carla G. , Forzano Francesca , Goddijn Mariëtte , Heindryckx Björn , Howard Heidi C. , Radojkovic Dragica , Rial-Sebbag Emmanuelle , Tarlatzis Basil C. , Cornel Martina C. ,   On behalf of the European Society of Human Genetics and the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Technological developments in gene editing raise high expectations for clinical applications, first of all for somatic gene editing but in theory also for germline gene editing (GLGE). GLGE is currently not allowed in many countries. This makes clinical applications in these countries impossible now, even if GLGE would become safe and effective. What were the arguments behind this legislation, and are they still convincing? If a technique can help to avoid serious genetic disorders, in a safe and effective way, would this be a reason to reconsider earlier standpoints? The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) and the European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG) together developed a Background document and Recommendations to inform and stimulate ongoing societal debates. After consulting its membership and experts, this final version of the Recommendations was endorsed by the Executive Committee and the Board of the respective Societies in May 2017. Taking account of ethical arguments, we argue that both basic and pre-clinical research regarding GLGE can be justified, with conditions. Furthermore, while clinical GLGE would be totally premature, it might become a responsible intervention in the future, but only after adequate pre-clinical research. Safety of the child and future generations is a major concern. Future discussions must also address priorities among reproductive and potential non-reproductive alternatives, such as PGD and somatic editing, if that would be safe and successful. The prohibition of human germline modification, however, needs renewed discussion among relevant stakeholders, including the general public and legislators.
MAIT cell clonal expansion and TCR repertoire shaping in human volunteers challenged with Salmonella Paratyphi A
Authors: Howson Lauren J. , Napolitani Giorgio , Shepherd Dawn , Ghadbane Hemza , Kurupati Prathiba , Preciado-Llanes Lorena , Rei Margarida , Dobinson Hazel C. , Gibani Malick M. , Teng Karen Wei Weng , Newell Evan W. , Veerapen Natacha , Besra Gurdyal S. , Pollard Andrew J. , Cerundolo Vincenzo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that can detect bacteria-derived metabolites presented on MR1. Here we show, using a controlled infection of humans with live Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A, that MAIT cells are activated during infection, an effect maintained even after antibiotic treatment. At the peak of infection MAIT cell T-cell receptor (TCR)β clonotypes that are over-represented prior to infection transiently contract. Select MAIT cell TCRβ clonotypes that expand after infection have stronger TCR-dependent activation than do contracted clonotypes. Our results demonstrate that host exposure to antigen may drive clonal expansion of MAIT cells with increased functional avidity, suggesting a role for specific vaccination strategies to increase the frequency and potency of MAIT cells to optimize effector function.
Atmospheric CO2 effect on stable carbon isotope composition of terrestrial fossil archives
Authors: Hare Vincent J. , Loftus Emma , Jeffrey Amy , Ramsey Christopher Bronk 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe 13C/12C ratio of C3 plant matter is thought to be controlled by the isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2 and stomatal response to environmental conditions, particularly mean annual precipitation (MAP). The effect of CO2 concentration on 13C/12C ratios is currently debated, yet crucial to reconstructing ancient environments and quantifying the carbon cycle. Here we compare high-resolution ice core measurements of atmospheric CO2 with fossil plant and faunal isotope records. We show the effect of pCO2 during the last deglaciation is stronger for gymnosperms (−1.4 ± 1.2‰) than angiosperms/fauna (−0.5 ± 1.5‰), while the contributions from changing MAP are −0.3 ± 0.6‰ and −0.4 ± 0.4‰, respectively. Previous studies have assumed that plant 13C/12C ratios are mostly determined by MAP, an assumption which is sometimes incorrect in geological time. Atmospheric effects must be taken into account when interpreting terrestrial stable carbon isotopes, with important implications for past environments and climates, and understanding plant responses to climate change.
PERK-mediated translational control is required for collagen secretion in chondrocytes
Authors: Hisanaga Satoshi , Miyake Masato , Taniuchi Shusuke , Oyadomari Miho , Morimoto Masatoshi , Sato Ryosuke , Hirose Jun , Mizuta Hiroshi , Oyadomari Seiichi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAs chondrocytes are highly secretory and they experience a variety of stresses, physiological unfolded protein response (UPR) signalling is essential for extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and chondrogenesis. In the three branches of the UPR pathway, PERK governs the translational attenuation and transcriptional upregulation of amino acid and redox metabolism and induction of apoptosis. It was previously demonstrated that a defect of the PERK branch of the UPR signalling pathway causes the accumulation of unfolded proteins, leading to cell death without perturbing endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport in pancreatic β cells. However, little is known about the role of PERK in chondrocytes. In this study, we found that PERK signalling is activated in chondrocytes, and inhibition of PERK reduces collagen secretion despite causing excessive collagen synthesis in the ER. Perk
−/−
mice displayed reduced collagen in articular cartilage but no differences in chondrocyte proliferation or apoptosis compared to the findings in wild-type mice. PERK inhibition increases misfolded protein levels in the ER, which largely hinder ER-to-Golgi transport. These results suggest that the translational control mediated by PERK is a critical determinant of ECM secretion in chondrocytes.
Rate after-effects fail to transfer cross-modally: Evidence for distributed sensory timing mechanisms
Authors: Motala Aysha , Heron James , McGraw Paul V. , Roach Neil W. , Whitaker David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAccurate time perception is critical for a number of human behaviours, such as understanding speech and the appreciation of music. However, it remains unresolved whether sensory time perception is mediated by a central timing component regulating all senses, or by a set of distributed mechanisms, each dedicated to a single sensory modality and operating in a largely independent manner. To address this issue, we conducted a range of unimodal and cross-modal rate adaptation experiments, in order to establish the degree of specificity of classical after-effects of sensory adaptation. Adapting to a fast rate of sensory stimulation typically makes a moderate rate appear slower (repulsive after-effect), and vice versa. A central timing hypothesis predicts general transfer of adaptation effects across modalities, whilst distributed mechanisms predict a high degree of sensory selectivity. Rate perception was quantified by a method of temporal reproduction across all combinations of visual, auditory and tactile senses. Robust repulsive after-effects were observed in all unimodal rate conditions, but were not observed for any cross-modal pairings. Our results show that sensory timing abilities are adaptable but, crucially, that this change is modality-specific - an outcome that is consistent with a distributed sensory timing hypothesis.
LPS-induced Vitamin D Receptor Decrease in Oral Keratinocytes Is Associated With Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Zhao Bin , Li Ran , Yang Fang , Yu Feiyan , Xu Na , Zhang Fang , Ge Xuejun , Du Jie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe suppressive function of vitamin D on oral lichen planus (OLP) have been documented previously. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression is down-regulated in OLP, but the molecular mechanism of its decrease and the related anti-inflammatory contributor of epithelial VDR signaling is unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) remarkedly down-regulated VDR expression of keratinocytes, and the reduced regulation was dependent on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-miR-346 pathway. In human specimen studies, VDR levels of oral mucosal epithelia from OLP patients decreased substantially accompanied with robust TNFα and miR-346 induction, compared to the normal tissues. In addition, vitamin D/VDR signaling inhibited LPS-induced p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) induction in keratinocytes via impeding nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, resulting in keratinocytes apoptosis reduction. Importantly, PUMA activity was up-regulated strongly in diseased epithelium, reversely correlated with VDR expression. Totally, our data indicate that LPS is responsible for VDR downregulation in oral keratinocytes, which is associated with OLP development.
The Static Magnetic Field Remotely Boosts the Efficiency of Doxorubicin through Modulating ROS Behaviors
Authors: Hajipour Verdom Behnam , Abdolmaleki Parviz , Behmanesh Mehrdad 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExposure to magnetic field (MF) can affect cellular metabolism remotely. Cardio-toxic effects of Doxorubicin (DOXO) have limited clinical uses at high dose. MF due to its effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) lifetime, may provide a suitable choice to boost the efficacy of this drug at low dose. Here, we investigated the potential effects of homogenous static magnetic field (SMF) on DOXO-induced toxicity and proliferation rate of cancer cells. The results indicated that SMF similar to DOXO decreased the cell viability as well as the proliferation rate of MCF-7 and HFF cells. Moreover, combination of 10 mT SMF and 0.1 µM DOXO decreased the viability and proliferation rate of cancer and normal cells in a synergetic manner. In spite of high a GSH level in cancer cell, SMF boosts the generation and lifetime of ROS at low dose of DOXO, and overcame to GSH mediated drug resistance. The results also confirmed that SMF exposure decreased 50% iron content of cells, which is attributed to iron homeostasis. In conclusion, these findings suggest that SMF can decrease required dose of chemotherapy drugs such as DOXO and thereby decrease their side effect.
Synthesis of Monofluoroalkenes: A Leap Forward
Authors: Paquin Jean-François , Drouin Myriam , Hamel Jean-Denys 
Published: January 2018

Monofluoroalkenes have found wide application in organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and materials science. This review summarizes the most recent advances made regarding the preparation of monofluoroalkenes, covering the period between October 2010 and September 2017. This review is divided in three main parts, one for each possible substitution pattern, namely di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted. Then, for each class, further subclassification is made according to the reaction type.1	Introduction2	Disubstituted Monofluoroalkenes2.1	Disubstituted α-Monofluoroalkenes2.2	Disubstituted β-Monofluoroalkenes3	Trisubstituted Monofluoroalkenes4	Tetrasubstituted Monofluoroalkenes5	Conclusions
Nasoseptal Flap for Skull Base Reconstruction in Children
Authors: Ben-Ari Oded , Wengier Anat , Ringel Barak , Carmel Neiderman Narin , Ram Zvi , Margalit Nevo , Fliss Dan , Abergel Avraham 
Published: January 2018

Objective The endoscopic endonasal approach is being increasingly used for the resection and reconstruction of anterior skull base (ASB) lesions. Vascularized nasoseptal flaps (NSF) have become the workhorse for the reconstruction of ASB defects, resulting in a significant decrease in the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of NSF in children.
Methods This is a retrospective analysis of the medical records of all patients under the age of 18 years who underwent endoscopic repair of ASB lesions with the use of NSF at our tertiary medical center between 1/2011 and 8/2016.
Results Twelve children underwent ASB defect repair for both benign and malignant neoplasms using the endoscopic endonasal NSF technique. Four children had previously undergone ASB surgery. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1, the average age was 12.3 years, the average hospitalization time was 8.3 days, and the maximum follow-up period was 24 months, during which craniofacial growth appeared to be unimpaired. A lumbar drain was used postoperatively in six cases. Crust formation and synechia were observed in two cases. There was one case of a major long-term complication (a CSF leak followed by meningitis).
Conclusions Endoscopic endonasal NSF was both an effective and a safe technique for ASB defect reconstruction in 12 children for both benign and malignant neoplasms. It had a high success rate and a low complication rate. No apparent negative influence on craniofacial growth was observed in our series.
Contralateral Minimum Anterior and Posterior Combined Petrosal Approach for Retrochiasmatic Craniopharyngiomas: An Alternative Technique
Authors: Goudihalli Sachin , Morisako Hiroki , Prastarana Wimba , Goto Takeo , Ohata Hiroki , Ohata Kenji 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRetrochiasmatic craniopharyngiomas (RC) are a challenge for the neurosurgeon to treat surgically, restrained by their location in the interpeduncular fossa, surrounded by vital neurovascular structures, narrow corridor and poor visibility. Many approaches are possible and elucidated in the literature, which the surgeon chooses, based on multiple factors, such as the size of tumor, calcification, laterality, preoperative neurological deficits and the endocrine function status, recurrence, postradiotherapy status, or significant superior and/or posterior extension.1
2
We describe a contralateral minimum anterior and posterior (CL-MAPC) petrosal approach for a case of recurrent RC, in a 37-year-old female patient operated before using a pterional approach, now presented with left homonymous hemianopia and panhypopituitarism (Fig. 1). We preferred a contralateral approach to protect the ipsilateral optic tract (OT) from retraction injury, which formed an obstacle to the tumor from ipsilateral side. Apart from various benefits described by the author previously for RC, using MAPC petrosal approach, the CL-MAPC offers a safe corridor, protecting the ipsilateral OT, visualization of tumor origin usually posterior to chiasm, wider corridor if PCoM could be sacrificed, as it was done in this case, and pituitary stalk identification, with a probability of its functional preservation, unlike a necessity of pituitary transposition in EEA, though the endocrine outcome is poor after a radical resection irrespective of the approach chosen.1
3
4 There was complete excision of the tumor with preservation of visual function postoperatively. We recommend the use of CL-MAPC as an alternative to EEA in some specific indications when the tumor is large, calcified, obscuring OT on the ipsilateral side and with significant lateral extension, which may be limiting factors in EEA (Fig. 2).The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/gWCJmh4_evs.
Spinal cord schistosomiasis: Case report
Authors: Leitão Flávio , Figueiredo Djacir , Figueiredo Daniel , Bezerra de Menezes Dalgimar , Filho Flávio Leitão , Mattos João Paulo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe authors present a case of spinal cord schistosomiasis which simulated a tumoral lesion determining spastic paraparesis with a sensitive-motor level at T1. The patient was treated with surgery, praziquantel and dexamethasone, with “restitutio ad integrum”. Seven years later the patient presented recrudescence of the symptoms, without a good response to the medication and without a plausible explanation.The authors wonder about the reasons of the low incidence of central nervous system schistosomosis in an endemic area such as the Northeast of Brazil. A brief review of the literature is done.
Risco de contágio ocupacional pelo sangue do doente durante os procedimentos neurocirúrgicos
Authors: Lemes de Oliveira Flávia Elisa Antunes , Akamoto Sato Claudia Reiko , Shibata Milton K. 
Published: January 2018

ResumoA exposição ocupacional dos profissionais da área de saúde às doenças transmitidas pelo sangue tem sido preocupação crescente. Este estudo prospectivo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a freqüência com que os profissionais que atuam na sala de operações neurocirúrgicas possam ser potencialmente contaminados através de contato direto com o sangue do doente. A ocorrência do contato dos profissionais com o sangue do doente, em 62 operações consecutivas, foi anotada em protocolo pré-estabelecido pela enfermeira da neurocirurgia do centro cirúrgico. O cirurgião foi o elemento da equipe cujo contato evidente com o sangue (através de ferimento perfurocortante ou através de contato cutâneo-mucoso sem ferimento) ocorreu com maior freqüência. Nesse profissional, contatos evidentes ocorreram, pelo menos uma vez, em 19,3% das operações realizadas, um terço deles por meio de ferimentos perfurocortantes. Seguiram-no, em ordem decrescente, a instrumentadora (9,7%) e a enfermeira (6,4%). Nenhum profissional que atua na sala de operações esteve livre do risco.Este estudo demonstrou que a incidência, no cirurgião e na instrumentadora, de pelo menos um episódio de contato direto com o sangue, ou com outro material orgânico contaminado pelo sangue do doente, é elevada. Há, portanto, a necessidade de se dispor de protocolos escritos para notificação imediata das exposições ocupacionais aos patógenos transmitidos pelo sangue do doente. A notificação é importante para que o Serviço de Controle da Infecção Hospitalar da instituição analise os riscos de contágio e, se necessário, institua a profilaxia recomendada. É importante, também, que se adotem medidas, naquele ambiente, visando à prevenção de novos acidentes.
Hematoma extradural no idoso
Authors: Pereira Carlos Umberto , Silva Alvino Dutra da , Carneiro Leão João Domingos Barbosa , Machado Juliana de Carvalho , Machado Suzana de Carvalho , Alves Carvalho Portugal Maria da Glória 
Published: January 2018

ResumoO hematoma extradural tem sido cada vez mais freqüente no idoso. Nessa faixa etária, a queda da própria altura é a principal causa. A tomografia computadorizada é o principal meio de diagnóstico. O prognóstico encontrase diretamente relacionado ao escore na escala de coma de Glasgow à admissão e à presença de lesões intracranianas associadas.
Prosopagnosia após ferimento por arma de fogo: Relato de caso
Authors: Almeida Leme Ricardo José de , Seng Shu Edson Bor , Sperling Cescato Valter Ângelo , Machado José Jorge , Sarkis Paulo Sérgio , Lefevre Beatriz 
Published: January 2018

ResumoRelata-se o caso de uma jovem, vítima de estupro, seguido de ferimento na região occipital do crânio por arma de fogo. Após procedimento de limpeza cirúrgica e recuperação clínica pós-operatória, constatou-se que a paciente estava com quadro de prosopagnosia, com dificuldade no reconhecimento até mesmo de seus familiares, chegando a fazê-lo baseado em outros comemorativos como a voz e a forma de se vestir. A literatura foi revista, ressaltando-se alguns aspectos principais do quadro prosopagnósico.
Subluxação atlanto-axial traumática: Fixação com parafuso transarticular unilateral. Relato de caso
Authors: Botelho Ricardo Vieira , Ribeiro José Antônio , França Fontoura Emilio Afonso 
Published: January 2018

ResumoÉ descrito o tratamento de uma paciente de 28 anos, que apresentava fratura vertebral cervical em dois níveis (fratura explosão de C6 e subluxação rotatória C1-C2). A massa lateral direita e a lâmina de C1 apresentavam-se fraturadas. Havia sido feita a traqueostomia precoce durante a admissão pelo grupo de emergência, o que dificultou o acesso pela via anterior. Foram realizadas a estabilização posterior C4-T1, com fixação segmentar (para estabilizar a lesão de C6) e a artrodese C1-C2 com o parafuso transarticular, apenas em uma articulação, devido a fraturas na articulação C1-C2 contralateral. O objetivo foi o de estabilizar a coluna espinhal, para movimentação e cuidados respiratórios, e preservar a motilidade occipto-C1,C2-C3 e C3-C4.O controle, após 9 meses, mostrou estabilidade atlanto-axial mantida, com fusão interarticular, comprovando que, neste caso, a técnica transarticular unilateral foi suficiente para a fixação interna.
Diretrizes do atendimento ao paciente com traumatismo cranioencefálico
Authors: Andrade Almir Ferreira de , Ciquini Orildo , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Brock Roger Schmidt , Marino Raul 
Published: January 2018

ResumoA Sociedade Brasileira de Neurocirurgia, pelo Departamento de Trauma, com a Divisão de Clínica Neurocirúrgica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo e da Equipe Médica de Emergência do Pronto-Socorro de Neurocirurgia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, elaborou as Diretrizes do Atendimento ao Paciente com Traumatismo Cranioencefálico, buscando a homogeneidade de condutas e a redução dos índices de mortalidade e morbidade em todo país. Essas diretrizes possuem uma versão dedicada ao Atendimento Pré-hospitalar (Unidades de Resgate) e ao Atendimento Hospitalar imediato na Sala de Emergência. Com essa uniformização proposta, os estudos epidemiológicos poderão ser realizados de forma mais ampla e com dados mais seguros, permitindo identificar os pontos fracos e atuar com objetivos específicos, visando diminuir a morbidade e a mortalidade do paciente com traumatismo cranioencefálico.