bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Register der schwierigen chirurgischen Situationen
Authors: Korenkov Michael , Dralle Henning , Klar Ernst , Saad Stefan , Senninger Norbert , Standop Jens , Stier Albrecht , Strik Martin , Ulrich Alexis , Weiner Rudolf 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungAls schwierige chirurgische Situation wird jedes Problem, das zu einem erhöhten Risiko für intra- oder postoperative Komplikationen führen kann, bezeichnet. Bezogen auf diese Definition wurde von Korenkov et al. eine präoperative Klassifikation erweiterter intraoperativer Schwierigkeiten entwickelt. Diese Klassifikation bezieht sich auf das Ausmaß der chirurgisch-technischen Schwierigkeiten von Schweregrad 1 – technisch einfach zu operieren, bis Schweregrad 4 – jede operationstechnische Handlung ist sehr schwierig. Für die Evaluierung des Schweregrads der intraoperativen Komplikationen schlug die Arbeitsgruppe um Kaafarani die Klassifikation der intraoperativen negativen Ereignisse vor. In Abhängigkeit vom Schweregrad wurden die intraoperativen Komplikationen auf 6 Klassen von der 1. (unproblematisch beseitigte Komplikationen) bis zur 6. Klasse (intraoperativer Exitus letalis) aufgeteilt. Für eine Systematisierung des Schweregrads der postoperativen Komplikationen hat sich weltweit die Klassifikation von Clavien-Dindo etabliert. In dieser Klassifikation sind die postoperativen Komplikationen von Schweregrad 1 (jede Abweichung vom normalen postoperativen Verlauf mit „minimaler“ Behandlung) bis zum Schweregrad 5 (Tod des Patienten) aufgeteilt. Gestützt auf die vorgeschlagenen Klassifikationen und auf die Problematik der individuellen Entscheidungen in der Chirurgie entstand die Grundidee, ein Register (SCS-Register) zu etablieren. Das Hauptprinzip solcher Studien ist die Ansammlung der individuellen Erfahrungen von operierenden Chirurgen. Die wissenschaftliche Analyse fokussiert sich auf die Sondersituationen, bei denen das Behandlungskonzept an die individuelle Patientensituation adaptiert war und manchmal von den gängigen Standards abwich. Die Registrierung und Bearbeitung der angemeldeten Fälle wird auf der Basis der entsprechenden IT-Plattform anonym geführt. Das Ziel dieses Registers ist, die schwierigen chirurgischen Fälle bundesweit zu sammeln, zu registrieren und zu analysieren, um für die operierenden Chirurgen eine zugängliche Datenbank zu gestalten. Dabei wird für jeden Chirurgen die Möglichkeit bestehen, nachzulesen, wie der eine oder andere Kollege in ähnlich schwierigen Situationen gehandelt hat.
Assessment of the Authenticity of Herbal Dietary Supplements: Comparison of Chemical and DNA Barcoding Methods
Authors: Pawar Rahul , Handy Sara , Cheng Raymond , Shyong Nicole , Grundel Erich 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAbout 7 % of the U. S. population reports using botanical dietary supplements. Increased use of such supplements has led to discussions related to their authenticity and quality. Reports of adulteration with substandard materials or pharmaceuticals are of concern because such substitutions, whether inadvertent or deliberate, may reduce the efficacy of specific botanicals or lead to adverse events. Methods for verifying the identity of botanicals include macroscopic and microscopic examinations, chemical analysis, and DNA-based methods including DNA barcoding. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations may fail when a supplement consists of botanicals that have been processed beyond the ability to provide morphological characterizations. Chemical analysis of specific marker compounds encounters problems when these compounds are not distinct to a given species or when purified reference standards are not available. Recent investigations describing DNA barcoding analysis of botanical dietary supplements have raised concerns about the authenticity of the supplements themselves as well as the appropriateness of using DNA barcoding techniques with finished botanical products. We collected 112 market samples of frequently consumed botanical dietary supplements of ginkgo, soy, valerian, yohimbe, and St. Johnʼs wort and analyzed each for specific chemical markers (i.e., flavonol glycosides, total isoflavones, total valerenic acids, yohimbine, and hypericins, respectively). We used traditional DNA barcoding techniques targeting the nuclear ITS2 gene and the chloroplast gene psbA-trnH on the same samples to determine the presence of DNA of the labelled ingredient. We compared the results obtained by both methods to assess the contribution of each in determining the identity of the samples.
Early immune responses are independent of RGC dysfunction in glaucoma with complement component C3 being protective
Authors: Harder Jeffrey M. , Braine Catherine E. , Williams Pete A. , Zhu Xianjun , MacNicoll Katharine H. , Sousa Gregory L. , Buchanan Rebecca A. , Smith Richard S. , Libby Richard T. , Howell Gareth R. , John Simon W. M. 
Published: April 2017

SignificanceExactly how high intraocular pressure (IOP) initiates glaucoma is unknown. Immune responses occur early in glaucoma, but whether they are induced by high IOP or occur secondarily to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction and molecular changes in neurons and glia remains unknown. This paper addresses these relationships and provides a deeper understanding of this very common neurodegeneration. Overall, our data suggest that early immune responses are independent of RGC dysfunction and thus are triggered as a more direct result of high IOP. Furthermore, early immune responses by astrocytes that involve complement C3 and EGFR signaling are beneficial.
Proliferation of PD-1+ CD8 T cells in peripheral blood after PD-1–targeted therapy in lung cancer patients
Authors: Kamphorst Alice O. , Pillai Rathi N. , Yang Shu , Nasti Tahseen H. , Akondy Rama S. , Wieland Andreas , Sica Gabriel L. , Yu Ke , Koenig Lydia , Patel Nikita T. , Behera Madhusmita , Wu Hong , McCausland Megan , Chen Zhengjia , Zhang Chao , Khuri Fadlo R. , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Ahmed Rafi , Ramalingam Suresh S. 
Published: April 2017

SignificanceTherapies that harness the immune system have recently been approved for cancer treatment. Identification of biomarkers to monitor or predict patients’ responses to immunotherapies would help guide treatment decisions. Herein we analyzed changes in peripheral blood T cells from lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy blocking the PD-1 inhibitory pathway. We detected CD8 T-cell responses following treatment in most patients. In addition, our data suggest that an increase in proliferation of PD-1+ CD8 T cells in the blood within 4 wk of treatment initiation may be associated with positive clinical outcome. Our analysis provides valuable insights into cancer patients’ responses to PD-1–targeted therapies and warrant further studies on peripheral blood biomarkers.
The “Establishment”, the “Élites”, and the “People”
Authors: Wodak Ruth 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss the attempt by all right-wing populist parties to create, on the one hand, the ‘real’ and ‘true’ people; and on the other, the ‘élites’ or ‘the establishment’ who are excluded from the truedemos. Such divisions, as will be elaborated in detail, have emerged in many societies over centuries and decades. A brief example of the arbitrary construction of opposing groups illustrates the intricacies of such populist reasoning. Furthermore, I pose the question why such divisions resonate so well in many countries? I argue that – apart from apolitics of fear(Wodak 2015) – muchresentmentis evoked which could be viewed as both accompanying as well as a reaction to the disenchantment with politics and the growing inequalities in globalized capitalist societies.
The role of carotenoid intake in food allergy prevention.
Authors: Akiyama H. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Carotenoids are reported to play an important role in various physiological processes. Carotenoids quench reactive oxygen species and play a role in the prevention of development of chronic diseases and certain types of allergic diseases. The intake of β-carotene, which is one of the carotenoids, can improve allergic symptoms through inhibition of antigen-specific IgE antibody production, degranulation and the release of chemical mediators from mast cells or basophils. The retinoic acid derived from β-carotene is known to play an important role in inducing oral tolerance in gut-associated lymphoid tissue. The intake of β-carotene inhibits oral sensitization and the onset of IgE-dependent immediate type allergy. The intake of carotenoids has been reported to be important in the prevention of allergic symptoms, including allergic sensitization, asthma and eczema.
‘et que faut-il penser | De ces pommes jaunes?’: An Ecocritical Reading of Yves Bonnefoy’s Punctual Colour Work
Authors: McLaughlin Emily 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

This article investigates how Yves Bonnefoy uses the white canvas of snow to experiment with punctual dashes of colour in the collection
Début et fin de la neige
(1991). Reading these poems alongside two of the poet’s essays on painting, I consider how Bonnefoy’s critical and poetic writings question the power that colour has to excite but also to resist the linguistic imagination. Colour asserts its dynamic and processual nature in these essays and poems, making the poet sense the kinetic nature of material existence and the contingency of human perception. I probe how this experience throws the poet’s conception of subjectivity into crisis, undermining his notion of the distinct value of human life. I explore how this crisis also galvanizes new conceptions of identity, however, as colour elicits a ‘world-centred’ rather than a ‘self-centred approach to viewing’ (Michael Taussig). I investigate how this immersive gaze re-awakens the poet’s sense of wonder at the material world, alerting him to the porous or ‘ambient’ nature of his own subjectivity, making him feel the diverse ways in which he is enmeshed in a dynamic material world and intimately exposed to its unpredictable currents of agency and affect.
Muscle metabolism during exercise
Authors: Armstrong Neil , Barker Alan R , McManus Alison M 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Ethical considerations and the lack, until recently, of accessible non-invasive techniques of interrogating exercising muscles have limited research into developmental muscle metabolism during exercise. Current evidence supports an anaerobic/aerobic energy metabolism interplay in exercise in which children present a relatively higher oxidative capacity than adolescents or adults. There is a progressive increase in anaerobic glycolytic flux with age at least into adolescence and, possibly into young adulthood. Independent effects of biological maturation on muscle metabolism during exercise remain to be empirically proven. An amalgam of findings from muscle fibre profiles, muscle enzymes activity, muscle energy stores, substrate utilization, phosphocreatine re-synthesis, and pulmonary oxygen uptake contribute to a plausible model of an age- and sex-specific developing metabolic profile but the precise mechanisms require further clarification. There is a persuasive argument that muscle fibre recruitment patterns are a fundamental component of age- (and perhaps sex-) related differences.
Pulmonary function
Authors: McManus Alison M , Armstrong Neil 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The principles of pulmonary ventilation are the same for children and adults. Ventilation adjusts to alterations in metabolic demand in the child; but for a given exercise intensity there is a greater ventilation when expressed relative to body mass and a higher energetic cost of breathing in the child compared to the adult. Limited evidence suggests child-adult differences may be a result of immature chemoreception, a greater drive to breathe, differences in airway dimensions, and the mechanical work of breathing. There are few studies investigating the dynamic ventilatory response to moderate intensity exercise and none to heavy or very heavy intensity exercise in the child. Little attention has been devoted to the developmental pattern of ventilatory control, although there is evidence of altered chemoreceptive modulation of breathing in the child. Considerable research will be necessary before we have a full appreciation of pulmonary function during exercise in the child.
Cardiovascular function
Authors: Rowland Thomas W 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The circulatory response to increased metabolic demands of endurance exercise is best explained by a model in which volume of circulatory flow is governed by alterations in peripheral vascular resistance. These dynamics of the cardiovascular response to an acute bout of progressive endurance exercise are similar in children and adults, and, when adjusted for body size, true cardiovascular fitness (ability to generate cardiac output) is no different in healthy, untrained pre- and postpubertal individuals. As in adults, the capacity to eject stroke volume at maximal exercise differentiates levels of physiological fitness (maximal oxygen uptake) between individual children. Stroke volume at exhaustive exercise, in turn, appears to be governed by factors which influence left ventricular diastolic size rather than those which dictate myocardial systolic and diastolic function.
Pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics
Authors: Barker Alan R , Armstrong Neil 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The pulmonary oxygen uptake (pV̇O2) kinetic response to exercise provides valuable non-invasive insight into the control of oxidative phosphorylation and determinants of exercise tolerance in children and adolescents. Few methodologically robust studies have investigated pV̇O2 kinetics in children and adolescents, but age- and sex-related differences have been identified. There is a clear age-related slowing of phase II pV̇O2 kinetics during heavy and very heavy exercise, with a trend showing during moderate intensity exercise. During heavy and very heavy exercise the oxygen cost is higher for phase II and the pV̇O2 component is truncated in children. Sex-related differences occur during heavy, but not moderate, intensity exercise, with boys having faster phase II pV̇O2 kinetics and a smaller pV̇O2 slow component compared to girls. The mechanisms underlying these differences are likely related to changes in phosphate feedback controllers of oxidative phosphorylation, muscle oxygen delivery, and/or muscle fibre recruitment strategies.
Physical activity, physical fitness, and health
Authors: Sherar Lauren B , Cumming Sean P 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
While physical activity is considered essential for the positive physical and psychosocial development of children, our understanding of the types and amounts of physical activity which are necessary to positively impact current and future (i.e. adult) health status remains unclear. Emerging evidence and advances in scientific assessment and analysis have shed new light on the activity thresholds that might be required to promote positive health in children, the extent to which children are achieving these thresholds, and the various factors, processes, and mechanisms that explain individual differences in activity and sedentary behaviour. It is equally evident, however, that much future work is required if we are to gain a more comprehensive understanding of physical activity and health in children, and to encourage children to adopt and maintain a more active, less sedentary lifestyle.
Hormones and training
Authors: Jürimäe Jaak 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Physical exercise regulates energy balance and is important to growth and maturation. These processes are regulated by the endocrine system. Endocrine mechanisms in the response to sport training include growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF-1), hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes, and peripheral markers of energy homeostasis. Physical performance is associated with anabolic adaptations of the GH-IGF-1 system in child athletes alongside spontaneous growth, while heavy training does not affect basal testosterone levels. In female adolescent athletes, the major factor altering reproductive hormone secretion is energy deficiency, rather than exercise stress or increase in exercise energy expenditure. Ghrelin is another indicator of energy imbalance across the menstrual cycle. Pubertal onset decreases ghrelin, and leptin levels are reduced and may remain unchanged between prepuberty and maturation in athletes. To better understand the influence of high training load on hormonal markers responsible for overall growth and energy homeostasis, growing athletes should be monitored often.
Lower limb injuries
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Physical activity plays a significant role in the well-being of a child. Long-term health benefits depend on continuation of physical activity, which enhances well-being and favours balanced development. Injuries can counter the beneficial effects of sports participation, especially if a child is unable to continue participating because of any residual effects of injury. Prevention of sports injuries has been largely implemented in the last few years. This chapter reviews common lower limb injuries in children with an emphasis on injury management. Sports-related injuries of the lower limb in children mostly cover ligament injuries, fractures, epiphyseal injuries, and apophysitis. It also cover the most frequent approaches for the management of these injuries, including conservative management for undisplaced fractures or partial ligamentous ruptures. Surgery is recommended for displaced fractures or complete ligamentous injuries.
Injuries to the head and cervical spine
Authors: Cantu Robert V , Cantu Robert C 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Traumatic brain and cervical spine injuries in young athletes encompass a wide spectrum, with some injuries occurring in otherwise ‘safe’ sports, and others in high-risk sports where head and cervical spine injuries are the norm. Athletic brain injuries include concussion, intracranial haemorrhage, malignant brain oedema syndrome, and axonal shear. In the cervical spine, injuries include muscle strains, contusions, fractures, or ligamentous disruptions with nerve root or spinal cord injury. Knowledge of these injuries and their signs and symptoms is important for the physician covering a sporting contest or practice. Additionally, preparedness for potential head or cervical spine injury must be addressed by health professionals providing sporting event coverage. This chapter reviews how traumatic brain and cervical spine injuries typically occur in young athletes. It also discusses what the initial treatment of these injuries should entail, along with a discussion of return to play considerations.
Three-dimensional artificial transpiration for efficient solar waste-water treatment
Authors: Li Xiuqiang , Lin Renxing , Ni George , Xu Ning , Hu Xiaozhen , Zhu Bin , Lv Guangxin , Li Jinlei , Zhu Shining , Zhu Jia 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Solar steam generation is emerging as promising solar-energy conversion technology for potential applications in desalination, sterilization and chemical purification. Despite the recent use of photon management and thermal insulation, achieving optimum solar steam efficiency requires simultaneous minimization of radiation, convection and conduction losses without compromising light absorption. Inspired by the natural transpiration process in plants, here we report a 3D artificial transpiration device with all three components of heat loss and angular dependence of light absorption minimized, which enables over 85% solar steam efficiency under one sun without external optical or thermal management. It is also demonstrated that this artificial transpiration device can provide a complementary path for waste-water treatment with a minimal carbon footprint, recycling valuable heavy metals and producing purified water directly from waste water contaminated with heavy metal ions.
Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita (Brunsting-Perry Pemphigoid Variant) Localized to the Face and Diagnosed With Antigen Identification Using Skin Deficient in Type VII Collagen
Authors: Asfour Leila , Chong Heung , Mee John , Groves Richard , Singh Manuraj 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:
Brunsting-Perry pemphigoid is defined as an autoimmune vesiculobullous eruption typically localized on the head and neck region with minimal or no mucosal involvement. The disease tends to run a chronic and recurrent course with residual scarring. Histological features are characterized by subepidermal bullae and linear IgG deposits at the dermo-epidermal junction. We report a case of a 46-year-old lady who presented with typical features of Brunsting-Perry pemphigoid. Autoantibodies to type VII collagen were identified by using recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa skin which lacks type VII collagen in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. As a result, we diagnosed our patient as having the Brunsting-Perry pemphigoid variant of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). This finding led us to review the literature on target antigens in Brunsting-Perry pemphigoid. Only 11 out of the 58 cases reported to date had target antigens identified. Interestingly, type VII collagen was the second most common target antigen/autoantibody (4 cases) detected after BP180 (5 cases). However, 2 further cases of EBA localized to the face with typical features of Brunsting-Perry pemphigoid were found in the literature. Although the target antigens are heterogeneous in Brunsting-Perry pemphigoid, a significant number of cases represent a clinical presentation of localized EBA.
The Effects of Prenatal Maternal Stress on Early Temperament: The 2011 Queensland Flood Study
Authors: Simcock Gabrielle , Elgbeili Guillaume , Laplante David P. , Kildea Sue , Cobham Vanessa , Stapleton Helen , Austin Marie-Paule , Brunet Alain , King Suzanne 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT:Objective:This study examined the effects of disaster-related prenatal maternal stress on infant temperament and whether the sex of the infant or the timing of the stressor in pregnancy would moderate the effects.Methods:Mothers' objective experiences of a sudden-onset flood in Queensland, Australia, their subjective emotional reactions, and cognitive appraisal of the event were assessed. At 6 months postpartum, 121 mothers reported their infant's temperament on the 5 dimensions of the Short Temperament Scale for Infants.Results:When controlling for postnatal maternal factors, subjective prenatal maternal stress and cognitive appraisal of the disaster were associated with easier aspects of infant temperament. However, several interesting interactions emerged showing negative effects of the flood. With higher levels of objective hardship in pregnancy, boys (but not girls) received more irritable temperament ratings. When the flood occurred early in pregnancy, higher levels of objective hardship predicted more arrhythmic infant temperament. Finally, mothers whose emotional response to the flood exceeded the hardship they endured reported significantly more active-reactive infants.Conclusion:Prenatal maternal stress from a natural disaster predicted more difficult temperament ratings that were moderated by infant sex, timing of the flood in gestation, and mother's emotional response to the disaster.