bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the Logic of Elimination to the Logic of the Gift: Towards a Decolonial Theory of Tlingit Language Revitalization
Authors: Geiger William A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this article, Tlingit language revitalization is approached through theories of decolonization, critiques of colonialism, and philosophies of liberation. Instructional programs for the endangered Tlingit language are urgently necessary, but the residual structures of colonialism make the successful implementation and reception of such programs extremely difficult. Patrick Wolfe’s notion of the “logic of elimination” is used to demonstrate the persistent nature of colonialism in the Tlingit context. Through that lens, the dispossession of Tlingit territory, culture, and language by the settler-colonial system can be viewed as ongoing processes rather than concluded past events. Concrete examples are used to demonstrate the empirical effects of colonial elimination campaigns in the Tlingit context. The work of Nelson Maldonado-Torres is also enlisted, as he articulates a notion of decolonization predicated on “the logic of the gift.” I bring together these “logics” of (de) colonization to advance a speculative theory of revitalization as a movement from the logic of elimination to the logic of the gift. This has implications for language revitalization in general and Tlingit language revitalization in particular. I argue that revitalization must begin in an affirmation of the Tlingit language based on critical, militant, and loving acts of listening.
Theory and Praxis in Community Based Language Development: preliminary findings from applications of the Guide for Planning the Future of Our Language
Authors: Eberhard David M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study will provide a critique of preliminary results obtained from the application of the ‘Guide for Planning the Future of Our Language’ (Hanawalt, Varenkamp, Lahn, & Eberhard 2015) in minority speech communities. This recent methodological tool was developed to enable and empower minoritized language groups to do their own language planning and to control their own language development. The tool is based on a theoretical approach to community based language development known as the ‘Sustainable Use Model’, or the SUM (Lewis & Simons 2016). The paper will begin with a brief introduction to the theoretical framework of the SUM. Next it will describe the basic structure of the ‘Guide for Planning the Future of Our Language’, and then ‘follow along’ as it is applied in various communities and workshops with mother tongue speakers. These applications were conducted by the author and others in 84 languages in Brazil, Colombia, Croatia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Sao Tome e Principe, and Venezuela. This will be the first report of its kind on the broad applications of this rapidly growing methodology.
Why Did the Buddhists Adopt Sanskrit?
Authors: Eltschinger Vincent 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWestern scholarship has long wondered about the reasons that led the Buddhists, or, to be more precise, specific sectarian components of the Indian Buddhist communities (most conspicuously the [Mūla]sarvāstivādins), to abandon the Middle Indic vernaculars as their scriptural, scholarly and probably vehicular language, to turn to Sanskrit, the celebrated and elitist language of Brahmanical scriptures (first and foremost the Veda), ritual, and culture. The fact is all the more intriguing that insistent Buddhist traditions traced to the Buddha himself, apparently a champion of regional languages, a prohibition to use Sanskrit or, at least, to emulate Brahmanical linguistic behavior. The present paper presents a partly new hypothesis concerning one aspect of this important sociolinguistic phenomenon by looking into the legitimations provided by these Buddhists for studying (Sanskrit) grammar
Astral Karate as a Phenomenon of Late-Soviet Esoteric Underground
Authors: Panin Stanislav 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The article concentrates on the history of Astral Karate, its doctrine and sources. Astral Karate was a late-Soviet eclectic spiritual movement based on esoteric interpretations of martial arts and yoga. The term “Astral Karate” had spread in the 1980s thanks to spiritual leader and underground esoteric author Valery Averianov who called himself Guru Var Avera. On one hand, the movement reflected global tendencies, such as growing interest in Eastern cultures and spirituality, that characterized esoteric groups in the USSR as well as in the USA and Europe during this period. On the other hand, esoteric groups in the Soviet Union developed in isolation from European and American esoteric currents and under unique ideological and legal pressures. The combination of these factors contributed to the originality of late-Soviet esoteric currents and therefore makes Astral Karate an important object of academic inquiry, which helps us to understand the specifics of Soviet spirituality and its further developments in post- Soviet states
Is there Verification in Theology?
Authors: Allen Paul L. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Critical realism (CR) has served as a benchmark in science-theology dialogue as a way of determining similar rational structures in these disciplines. One implication has been that Theology has a parallel form of verification to that of the natural sciences. However, defenders of CR in Theology have not clarified how this might be the case and so critics of CR have noted numerous alleged shortfalls in thinking of Theology objectively from a pragmatist perspective. This paper describes some of these criticisms, especially the more nuanced perspective of J. Wentzel van Huyssteen, whose concern for hermeneutics and epistemology is well suited to CR. Taking several cues from the theory of retroduction in the work of philosopher of science Ernan McMullin and the philosopher theologian Bernard Lonergan, this paper proposes a more explanatory form of CR that takes hermeneutical issues seriously while also retaining a cognitive focus on judgment. It is the capacity to judge, in the form of verified theories in science and theological doctrines, where a true parallel exists between theology and the natural sciences. The paper ends by noting a number of themes in Lonergan’s magnum opus Method in Theology, where theological doctrines are capable of being explanatorily true whilst remaining subject to revision, analogous to the status of verified theories in the natural sciences.
Effect of deoxynivalenol on the levels of toll-like receptors 2 and 9 and their mRNA expression in enterocytes in the porcine large intestine: a preliminary study
Authors: Dąbrowski M. , Jakimiuk E. , Gajęcka M. , Gajęcki M.T. , Zielonka Ł. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most prevalent mycotoxins in the world, and is capable of inducing immune disorders in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feed contaminated with DON on the number of TLR2- and TLR9-positive cells and their mRNA expression in the porcine large intestine. The experiment was conducted on two equal groups of pigs (n=4). The experimental group (E) was administered feed contaminated with DON (1008 μg/kg of feed) for 6 weeks, and the control group (C) was administered non-contaminated feed over the same period of time. A decrease in the expression of TLR2 mRNA was noted in the cecum. The percentage of TLR9-positive enterocytes increased in the ascending colon and decreased in the cecum. The results of this study indicate that DON can modify the local immune response by changing the expression of TLRs.
Cytokine profiles of dendritic cells (DCs) during infection with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV)
Authors: Iwan E. , Szczotka M. , Kocki J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBLV is an agent of enzootic bovine leukaemia (EBL), an infectious disease affecting cattle worldwide. BLV infection has been associated with immune system disorders and discrepancies in the cytokine network. The significance of dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of BLV infection is largely unknown, but considering their fundamental role in immune response it may be crucial. DCs precursors were isolated with the use of immunomagnetic beads from BLV-infected and BLV-free cows. From these precursors cultures of monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) were generated with the use of a cytokine cocktail (IL-4 and GM-CSF). Additionally, parallel DCs from BLV-negative animals were infectedin vitro.The level of cytokines: IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p40), IL-12(p70) was determined in DC cultures: infectedin vitro, originating from naturally infected cattle and BLV-free cattle. The investigation showed significant changes in almost all analyzed populations of BLV-infected DCs. Cytokine profiles of blood MoDCs indicated activation of these groups during infection. In the case of spleen MoDCs and lymph node MoDCs a decrease in production of IL-12(p40) and IL-12(p70) in favour of IL-6 and IL-10 was noted, suggesting promotion of BLV infection development.
Impact of production technology on morphological lesions in the gills of commercial rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792)
Authors: Strzyżewska-Worotyńska E. , Szarek J. , Babińska I. , Gulda D. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The most popular rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) production technologies include both an extensive method with the flow through system (FTS) and an intensive method with the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Their impact on the fish was evaluated with a morphological assessment of the gills, as these are organs susceptible to environmental changes. Trout of 350 – 500 g body mass were caught for trial in spring and autumn, with 36 fish originating from 3 fish farms with the FTS system and an equal number from 3 RAS fish farms (n = 6). The fish were macroscopically examined and the gills were investigated microscopically (haematoxylin and eosin staining). Hypertrophy and hyperplasia were most commonly detected, amounting to 89% of all structural abnormalities. These lesions were slightly more common in the FTS, especially in autumn, whereas the changes to the blood vessels in the gills were observed more frequently in the rainbow trout from the RAS system than in the fish obtained from the FTS technology (the difference was statistically significant). The morphological lesions in the mucous cells of the gills were detected at a comparable severity regardless of the technology or production season. The predominantly low values of the histopathologic indices, which described the microscopic lesions in the gills of fish from the FTS and RAS systems, showed that the examined organ was most often free of lesions or demonstrated only minor morphological damage regardless of the production technology.
Determination of tigecycline in turkey plasma by LC-MS/MS: validation and application in a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Jasiecka-Mikołajczyk A. , Jaroszewski J.J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Tigecycline (TIG), a novel glycylcycline antibiotic, plays an important role in the management of complicated skin and intra-abdominal infections. The available data lack any description of a method for determination of TIG in avian plasma. In our study, a selective, accurate and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of TIG in turkey plasma. Sample preparation was based on protein precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction using 1,2-dichloroethane. Chromatographic separation of TIG and minocycline (internal standard, IS) was achieved on an Atlantis T3 column (150 mm × 3.0 mm, 3.0 μm) using gradient elution. The selected reaction monitoring transitions were performed at 293.60 m/z → 257.10 m/z for TIG and 458.00 m/z → 441.20 m/z for IS. The developed method was validated in terms of specificity, selectivity, linearity, lowest limit of quantification, limit of detection, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, carry-over effect, extraction recovery and stability. All parameters of the method submitted to validation met the acceptance criteria. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 0.01-100 μg/ml. This validated method was successfully applied to a TIG pharmacokinetic study in turkey after intravenous and oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg at various time-points.
Evaluation of intra-testicular injections of calcium chloride and 4-vinylcyclohexene 1,2 monoepoxide for chemical sterilization in guinea pigs
Authors: Sen C.C. , Yumusak N. , Faundez R. , Temamogullari F. , Taskin A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the use of intra-testicular calcium chloride (CaCl2) and 4-vinylcyclohexene 1,2-monoepoxide (VCM) injections as a side effect-free alternative method for the control of reproduction in guinea pigs. Fifty male guinea pigs were randomly assigned to five groups. In all groups, the chemical agents were injected into both testes in 1% lidocaine hydrochloride. While Groups I, II and III were administered with a single dose (0.25 mL) of sterile physiological saline, 15 mg/100 g CaCl2, and 240 mg/kg VCM, respectively, Group IV and V received a daily dose of 15 mg/100 g CaCl2, and 240 mg/kg VCM for 3 days, respectively. On day 90 post-administration, all animals were weighed and later decapitated under ether anaesthesia. Blood and tissue (testis, liver, hypophysis and adrenal gland) samples were taken. Sperm samples from the cauda epididymis were examined for spermatological parameters. Blood was used for hormone analyses and tissue samples were examined histopathologically (haematoxylin-eosin) and immunohistochemically (Tunel staining). The epididymal sperm count decreased in all treatment groups. Excluding 2 animals, Group V displayed azoospermia. When compared to the control group, Group V displayed the highest prolactin and lowest testosterone levels, and Group III showed the highest testosterone level. Histopathological examination revealed no intoxication finding. Chemical castration with VCM may be a good alternative to surgical castration as it enables mass sterilization without postoperative risks in guinea pig.
Withdrawal of cefoperazone with milk after intramammary administration in dairy cows – prospective and retrospective analysis
Authors: Burmańczuk A. , Grabowski T. , Błądek T. , Kowalski C. , Dębiak P. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study was to carry out retrospective and prospective comparative analyses of the pharmacokinetics of CEF after single intramammary (IMM) administration in cows. The prospective study (study A) was conducted on 9 dairy cows of the Polish Black-White race with clinical mastitis during the lactation period. Milk samples were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 84 h after single IMM administration of 250 mg of CEF to one quarter. Drug concentrations in milk samples were determined by HPLC-MS/MS technique and the results of the pharmacokinetic analysis were compared to those obtained in previous studies based on the microbiological (study B) and HPLC-UV methods (study C and D). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on adapted two-compartment model of drug distribution. One of the findings of the comparison of the analysed investigations is that the CEF kinetics determined with the microbiological method is consistent with the results obtained by the authors of this paper. Both studies yielded similar results of the key pharmacokinetic parameters related to the level of the drug distribution to tissues and elimination half-life. In the pharmacodynamic analysis, the observations in all four studies were entirely consistent and have shown lower values of T>MIC90 in healthy animals and significantly higher values in infected dairy cows. The comparison of studies A, B, C, and D revealed that the time of complete CEF wash-out of 90.90% varied and amounted to 5.7, 8.0, 2.2, and 2.2 days after administration of the drug, respectively.
It was confirmed that not only the type of the analytical method but also correct sampling have a significant impact on determination of the correct value of the drug half-life after IMM administration. The comparative analysis of studies in which the milk yield was high and low allows a conclusion that this parameter in the case of CEF has no significant effect on T>MIC90.
Expression and immunological evaluation of elongation factor Tu of Streptococcus suis serotype 2
Authors: Xia X.J. , Wang L. , Cheng L.K. , Shen Z.Q. , Li S.G. , Wang J.L. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is considered as a major pathogen that causes sepsis and meningitis in piglets and humans, but knowledge of its antigenic proteins remains limited so far. The surface-related proteins of pathogens often play significant roles in bacterium-host interactions and infection. Here, we obtained the elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) gene of Streptococcus suis and constructed the recombinant expression plasmid successfully. The target recombinant plasmid was then expressed in Escherichia coli and the immuno-protection of the recombinant protein was subsequently evaluated as well. The EF-Tu gene of Streptococcus suis is 1197 bp in length, encodes 398 amino acids. The target recombinant EF-Tu (rEF-Tu) protein can recognize the antiserum of Streptococcus suis and can provoke obvious humoral immune responses in rabbits and conferred protection to rabbits against Streptococcus suis ear-vein challenge, implying that the EF-Tu may be used as an attractive candidate antigen for a component of subunit vaccine.
Pathological findings in low-field magnetic resonance imaging of the canine spine – a study of 112 patients
Authors: Holak P. , Głodek J. , Mieszkowska M. , Jałyński M. , Zhalniarovich Y. , Adamiak Z. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a method of choice in diagnosing nervous system disorders. This paper presents the results of a study where selected segments of the canine spine were examined by low-field MRI in 112 patients. Images of pathological changes were obtained in spin echo (SE), fast spin echo (FSE) and hybrid contrast enhancement (3D HYCE) sequences. The cervical region of the spinal cord (C1-C5) was examined in 32 patients, the cervicothoracic region (C6-Th2)- in 14 patients, the thoracolumbar region (Th3-L3) – in 23 patients, and the lumbosacral region (L4-S3) – in 43 patients. The results were used to determine the incidence of pathological changes in different sections of the canine spine, such as intervertebral disc disease (IDD), disc desiccation, syringomyelia and changes characterized by higher uptake of the contrast medium. Intervertebral disc disease was diagnosed in 52.7% of patients and it was the most common abnormality. Disc dehydratation without protrusion or extrusion was noted in 23.2% of animals. Pathological changes with increased uptake of the contrast medium and indicative of neoplastic growth were observed in 13.4% of patients and syringomyelia was diagnosed in 9.82% of the examined animals. The proposed sequences revealed the presence of above abnormalities.
The animal-dependent risk factors in canine osteosarcomas
Authors: Sapierzyński R. , Czopowicz M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) is a malignant neoplastic tumor, which develops from the primitive mesenchymal stem cell, that has or can acquire the capacity to produce neoplastic osteoid with possible neoplastic bone formation. Predisposition of some dog breeds to OSA indicates genetic background of oncogenesis. The aim of the study was to characterize animal-dependent risk factors for canine osteosarcoma development in Poland. The study was conducted on canine patients diagnosed cytologically or histopathologically as having OSA, and data on age, breed, sex, as well as tumor location and character were recorded. No sex predisposition to OSA was observed, mongrels were significantly underrepresented. Large and giant dogs accounted for 47% and 35% of all pedigree dogs, respectively, and both proved predisposed to OSA. A vast majority of OSA developed in the skeleton (appendicular skeleton was more commonly affected than axial skeleton), soft tissues were affected less often. Rottweiler dogs are strongly predisposed to OSA, suggesting that the genetic background is involved in the tumor development, and indicates that dogs of this breed are a promising object for further studies on OSA pathogenesis.
Serum amyloid A protein (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and selected hematological and biochemical parameters in wild mares before and after parturition
Authors: Krakowski L. , Bartoszek P. , Krakowska I. , Olcha P. , Piech T. , Stachurska A. , Brodzki P. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate physiological changes in hematological and biochemical parameters in mares in perinatal period. Blood samples were collected from 24 pregnant Polish Konik breed mares which were divided into two groups. The first group (Group – I, n=12) comprised mares living in the wild, in the reserve. The second group (Group – II, n=12) consisted of mares kept in stables. The blood was collected 2 weeks prior to the parturition, then 24 hours after the delivery, and then at the 7th and 21st day after foaling. When comparing the two groups before the parturition, no significant differences in terms of WBC, RBC, and Hb were found, however, there was a significant difference in MCV, MCH, LYM, NEU and SEG NEU (p≤0.05). In Group II, 24 hours after the parturition and at the 21st day after foaling, a significant raise in WBC, NEU and SEG NEU (p≤0.05) was detected. No significant differences in serum concentrations of proteins such as TP, Alb or Glb were observed. As to acute phase proteins, significant rise in SAA and Hp (p≤0.05) was found in the two examined groups 24 hours after the parturition. Yet, this rise remained within physiological range. The study revealed a certain degree of fluctuations in hematological parameters, in serum concentrations of acute-phase proteins and total proteins in the mares in the perinatal period. However, these changes remained still within physiological ranges and thus they do not indicate potential susceptibility to disorders of perinatal period.
Improvement of dairy cow embryo yield with low level laser irradiation
Authors: Palubinskas G. , Žilaitis V. , Antanaitis R. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The goal of this study is to estimate the effects of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) on the superovulatory response according to the number of corpora lutea (CL), follicles (F) and the embryo yield. In recent years, while searching for new, more efficient and organic methods to improve superovulatory response and embryo yield with respect to the conventional methods, low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) is a more sensitive and less costly technology that can be used to improve animal reproduction, namely, artificial insemination and the embryo production system. The dairy-cow donors were treated for superovulation with Pluset®, at any time during the oestrus cycle, and the total dose per donor was 700 IU. The first group of the donors (n=25), test group (TG), was irradiated on the sacroiliac area for 180 seconds per day, from the 1st to 11th superovulatory treatment (ST) days in a row, with LLLI in the 870-970-nm wavelength, 65.93 J/cm dose, frequencies in the 20-2000 Hz range and pulse durations commonly in the range of about 1 second. For the second control group (CG) (n=25), the ST was performed without LLLI. After the ST, The mean number of CL in the right side ovaries in the TG was 25.43% (p<0.05) greater than in those of the CG. The number of total recovered and transferable embryos was greater in the TG compared with the CG by 28.97% (p<0.05) and 15.8% (p>0.05), respectively. With respect to conventional methods, LLLI can be used to improve the superovulatory response and embryo yield as a supplementary environment and animal-friendly method of treatment.