bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies to reduce alcohol-related harms and costs in Canada: A comparison of provincial policies
Authors: Giesbrecht Norman , Wettlaufer Ashley , Simpson Stephanie , April Nicole , Asbridge Mark , Cukier Samantha , Mann Robert E. , McAllister Janet , Murie Andrew , Pauley Chris , Plamondon Laurie , Stockwell Timothy , Thomas Gerald , Thompson Kara , Vallance Kate 
Published: July 2016

Giesbrecht, N., Wettlaufer, A., Simpson, S., April, N., Asbridge, M., Cukier, S., Mann, R., McAllister, J., Murie, A., Pauley, C., Plamondon, L., Stockwell, T., Thomas, G., Thompson, K., & Vallance, K. (2016). Strategies to reduce alcohol-related harms and costs in Canada: A comparison of provincial policies. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(2), 33-45. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i2.221Aims: To compare Canadian provinces across 10 research-based alcohol policy and program dimensions.Design and Measures: The 10 Canadian provinces were assessed on the following 10 policy dimensions: alcohol pricing; alcohol control system; physical availability; drinking and driving; marketing and advertising; legal drinking age; screening, brief intervention, and referrals; server training, challenge, and refusal programs; provincial alcohol strategy; warning labels and signs. Data were collected from official documents, including provincial legislation, regulations, and policy, and strategy documents. Three international experts on alcohol policy contributed to refining the protocol. Provincial scores were independently determined by two team members along a 10-point scale for each dimension, and the scores were expressed as a percentage of the ideal. Weighting of dimensions according to scope of impact and effectiveness was applied to obtain the final scores. National and provincial scores were calculated for each dimension and consolidated into overall averages.Findings: Overall, the consolidated national mean is 47.2% of the ideal, with Ontario scoring highest at 55.9%, and Québec lowest at 36.2%. Across dimensions, Legal Drinking Age and Challenge and Refusal Programs scored highest at 75% and 61%, respectively, while Warning Labels and Signs scored lowest at 18% of the ideal. Pricing, rated third highest among dimensions at 57%, should nevertheless remain a priority for improvement, given it is weighted highest in terms of effectiveness and scope.Conclusions and Implications: Policy dimension scores vary among the provinces, with substantial room for improvement in all. Since spring 2013, several provinces have taken steps to implement specific alcohol policies. Concerted action involving multiple stakeholders and alcohol policies is required to reduce the burden of alcohol problems across Canada.
Enzymatic production of oroxylin A and hispidulin using a liverwort flavone 6‐O‐methyltransferase
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Ying , Xu Rui‐Xue , Gao Shuai , Cheng Ai‐Xia 
Published: July 2016

Oroxylin A and hispidulin, compounds which are abundant in both Scutellaria and liverwort species, are important lead compounds for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Their enzymatic synthesis requires an O‐methyltransferase able to interact with the related flavonoid's 6‐OH group, but such an enzyme has yet to be identified in plants. Here, the gene encoding an O‐methyltransferase (designated PaF6OMT) was isolated from the liverwort species Plagiochasma appendiculatum. A test of alternative substrates revealed that its strongest preferences were baicalein and scutellarein, which were converted into, respectively, oroxylin A and hispidulin. Allowed a sufficient reaction time, the conversion rate of these two substrates was, respectively, 90% and 100%. PaF6OMT offers an enzymatic route to the synthesis of oroxylin A and hispidulin.
The global distribution of the dusk‐to‐nighttime enhancement of summer NmF2 at solar minimum
Authors: Chen Yiding , Liu Libo , Le Huijun , Wan Weixing , Zhang Hui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the dusk‐to‐nighttime enhancement (DNE) of summer NmF2 was investigated based on Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate radio occultation observations at solar minimum. The global distributions of the magnitude and the peak time of the DNE as well as the role of the DNE in NmF2 diurnal cycle were presented. The DNE mainly exists in three regions (one in the Southern Hemisphere and two in the Northern Hemisphere), and its distribution is related to geomagnetic configuration, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. For most DNEs, their peaks correspond to the maxima of NmF2 diurnal cycle. The DNEs are much more prominent in the southern than in the northern summer hemisphere; they last to later nighttime hours, have larger magnitudes, and play more important roles in NmF2 diurnal cycle in the southern than in the northern summer hemisphere. The distribution of the DNE was analyzed in terms of photoionization and the vertical plasma drift induced by neutral winds. The positive geomagnetic declinations and the smaller geomagnetic inclinations at higher geographic latitudes over the South Pacific are crucial for the prominent DNEs in the southern summer hemisphere; they result in larger upward plasma drift at higher latitudes where photoionization is still significant at sunset and evening hours.
Equal Protection versus Free Speech Rights: When Gains Loom Larger than Losses
Authors: Kimble Katherine M. K. , Wiener Richard L. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis paper examines the tension between equal protection and free speech in the hate speech context through a prospect theory lens. Two hundred and fifty‐four participants recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk read a First Amendment free speech or Fourteenth Amendment equal protection argument framed to endorse the protections gained by each right, the losses avoided by each right, or the security provided by each right. Results showed gain‐framing was more persuasive than loss‐framing. Participant race and constitutional principle influenced punishment invoked for cross burning but not destruction of property or trespassing. Participants who received a positive framed equal protection argument believed the target would experience stronger negative emotions, particularly under low intimidation. Furthermore, participants receiving a positive frame speech argument believed the target would be less willing to support suppression. Unlike previous research, which suggests an equal protection principle default, this study demonstrated an impact of framed statements on decisions.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive output feedback regulation for a class of uncertain feedforward nonlinear systems
Authors: Benabdallah Abdallah , Belfeki Mohsen 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we solve the problem of global output feedback regulation for uncertain feedforward nonlinear systems. The nonlinear functions, in the class of systems under consideration, are assumed to be dominated by an input‐output function multiplied by an unknown parameter and a linear unmeasured states. Contrarily to the previous works, the interval of the output's power has been expanded from
to
. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two cases of cryptogenic life‐threatening hemoptysis – identification and management of bleeding point
Authors: Okuda Kazunori , Tanaka Jun , Okamoto Jun , Kishi Fumihisa , Nakagawa Junichiro , Hino Hiroshi , Chujoh Satoru , Shimadzu Kazuhisa , Kishimoto Masafumi , Kato Noboru , Shiono Shigeru 
Published: July 2016

CasesCase 1: A 63‐year‐old woman was referred for coughing blood. Although cardiorespiratory dynamics were stabilized by artificial respiration under sedation, severely poor ventilation developed from asphyxia associated with massive respiratory tract hemorrhage. One‐lung ventilation was temporarily secured by endotracheal tube insertion into the left main bronchus just prior to cardiopulmonary arrest.Case 2: A 72‐year‐old man was referred for massive hemoptysis after coughing, then intubated and placed on a respirator. During angiography, blood clots collected with bronchoscopy confirmed extravascular leakage into the right main bronchus.OutcomesBoth showed no hemoptysis recurrence after bronchial artery embolization and were discharged. Case 1 required intensive treatment for 6 days, including artificial respiratory management.ConclusionEmergency one‐lung ventilation was required for asphyxia in Case 1, and we had difficulties with bleeding point identification and hemostatic therapy. From that experience, we noted hemoptysis during angiography using bronchoscopy in Case 2, enabling prompt bronchial artery embolization.
A survival prediction logistic regression models for blunt trauma victims in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Takaaki , Kimura Akio , Sasaki Ryo , Uemura Tatsuki 
Published: July 2016

AimThis research aimed to propose a logistic regression model for Japanese blunt trauma victims.MethodsWe tested whether the logistic regression model previously created from data registered in the Japan Trauma Data Bank between 2005 and 2008 is still valid for the data from the same data bank between 2009 and 2013. Additionally, we analyzed whether the model would be highly accurate even when its coefficients were rounded off to two decimal places.ResultsThe model was proved to be highly accurate (94.56%) in the recent data (2009–2013). We also showed that the model remains valid without respiratory rate data and the simplified model would maintain high accuracy.ConclusionWe propose the equation of survival prediction of blunt trauma victims in Japan to be Ps = 1/(1+e−b), where b = −0.76 + 1.03 × Revised Trauma Score − 0.07 × Injury Severity Score − 0.04 × age.
Effectiveness of cadaver‐based educational seminar for trauma surgery: skills retention after half‐year follow‐up
Authors: Homma Hiroshi , Oda Jun , Yukioka Tetsuo , Hayashi Shogo , Suzuki Tomoya , Kawai Kentaro , Nagata Katsuhiro , Sano Hidefumi , Takyu Hiroshi , Sato Norio , Taguchi Hirokazu , Mashiko Kazuki , Azuhata Takeo , Ito Masayuki , Fukuhara Tomomi , Kurashima Yo , Kawata Shinichi , Itoh Masahiro 
Published: July 2016

AimIn Japan, trauma surgery training remains insufficient, and on‐the‐job training has become increasingly difficult because of the decreasing number of severe trauma patients and the development of non‐operative management. Therefore, we assessed whether a 1‐day cadaver‐based seminar is effective for trauma surgery training.MethodsData were collected from 11 seminars carried out from January 2013 to March 2014, including a 10‐point self‐assessment of confidence levels (SACL) for 21 surgical skills and an evaluation of the contents before, just after, and a half‐year after the seminar. Statistical analysis was undertaken using the paired t‐test at P < 0.0167.ResultsA total of 135 participants were divided into three groups based on experience and clinical careers. The SACL improved in all skills between before and just after the seminar, however, they decreased between just after and a half‐year after the seminar. The SACL did not change significantly in all skills between just after and a half‐year after the seminar in highly experienced and experienced group members belonging to an emergency center.ConclusionsA cadaver‐based seminar provided more self‐confidence just after the seminar for participants at all experience levels. This effect was not maintained after a half‐year, except in participants who can practice the skills at an emergency center. Practicing and participating in the seminar repeatedly is suggested to be effective for skills retention in trauma surgery.
Catalytic Dealkylation of Ethers to Alcohols on Metal Surfaces
Authors: Yang Biao , Lin Haiping , Miao Kangjian , Zhu Pan , Liang Liangbo , Sun Kewei , Zhang Haiming , Fan Jian , Meunier Vincent , Li Youyong , Li Qing , Chi Lifeng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOn‐surface synthesis has prompted much interest in recent years because it provides an alternative strategy for controlling chemical reactions and allows for the direct observation of reaction pathways. Herein, we combined scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory to provide extensive evidence for the conversion of alkoxybenzene‐containing ethers into alcohols by means of surface synthesis. The reported dealkylation reactions are finely controlled by the annealing parameters, which govern the onset of successive alkyl chains dissociations. Moreover, density functional theory calculations elucidate the details of the reaction pathways, showing that dealkylation reactions are surface‐assisted and very different from their homogeneous analogues in solution.
Fluorinated Azobenzenes for Shape‐Persistent Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks
Authors: Iamsaard Supitchaya , Anger Emmanuel , Aßhoff Sarah Jane , Depauw Alexis , Fletcher Stephen P. , Katsonis Nathalie 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLiquid crystal polymer networks respond with an anisotropic deformation to a range of external stimuli. When doped with molecular photoswitches, these materials undergo complex shape modifications under illumination. As the deformations are reversed when irradiation stops, applications where the activated shape is required to have thermal stability have been precluded. Previous attempts to incorporate molecular switches into thermally stable photoisomers were unsuccessful at photogenerating macroscopic shapes that are retained over time. Herein, we show that to preserve photoactivated molecular deformation on the macroscopic scale, it is important not only to engineer the thermal stability of the photoswitch but also to adjust the cross‐linking density in the polymer network and to optimize the molecular orientations in the material. Our strategy resulted in materials containing fluorinated azobenzenes that retain their photochemical shape for more than eight days, which constitutes the first demonstration of long‐lived photomechanical deformation in liquid‐crystal polymer networks.
Regioselektive Allyl‐Allyl‐Kreuzkupplungen ohne Übergangsmetallkatalysator
Authors: Ellwart Mario , Makarov Ilya S. , Achrainer Florian , Zipse Hendrik , Knochel Paul 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion von Allylzinkhalogeniden mit Allylbromiden in einer 1:1‐Mischung aus THF und DMPU liefert selektiv 1,5‐Diene nach einem SN2‐ähnlichen Mechanismus. Die Allylzinkverbindung reagiert an der sterisch stärker gehinderten Seite (γ‐Position) des Allylsystems und liefert ausschließlich die γ,α′‐Allyl‐Allyl‐Kreuzkupplungsprodukte. Bemerkenswerterweise bleibt die stereochemische Konfiguration der Doppelbindung während der Kreuzkupplung erhalten. Dabei werden diverse funktionelle Gruppen (Ester, Nitril) toleriert. Diese Kreuzkupplung von Allylzinkreagenzien kann auch mit Propargyl‐ und Benzylhalogeniden durchgeführt werden. Zudem zeigen Dichtefunktionalrechnungen die essenzielle Rolle von Lithiumchlorid in dieser Substitutionsreaktion.
Well‐Defined Dinuclear Gold Complexes for Preorganization‐Induced Selective Dual Gold Catalysis
Authors: Vreeken Vincent , Broere Daniël L. J. , Jans Anne C. H. , Lankelma Marianne , Reek Joost N. H. , Siegler Maxime A. , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe synthesis, reactivity, and potential of well‐defined dinuclear gold complexes as precursors for dual gold catalysis are explored. Using the preorganizing abilities of the ditopic PNHPiPr (LH) ligand, dinuclear AuI–AuI complex 1 and mixed‐valent AuI–AuIII complex 2 provide access to structurally characterized chlorido‐bridged cationic species 3 and 4 upon halide abstraction. For 2, this transformation involves unprecedented two‐electron oxidation of the redox‐active ligand, generating a highly rigidified environment for the Au2 core. Facile reaction with phenylacetylene affords the σ,π‐activated phenylacetylide complex 5. When applied in the dual gold heterocycloaddition of a urea‐functionalized alkyne, well‐defined precatalyst 3 provides high regioselectivities for the anti‐Markovnikov product, even at low catalyst loadings, and outperforms common mononuclear AuI systems. This proof‐of‐concept demonstrates the benefit of preorganization of two gold centers to enforce selective non‐classical σ,π‐activation with bifunctional substrates.
Lecithin‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonate based crosslinked phospholipid nanoparticles as drug carrier
Authors: Mutlu Esra Cansever , Bostan Muge Sennaroglu , Bahadori Fatemeh , Kocyigit Abdurrahim , Oner Ebru Toksoy , Eroglu Mehmet S. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, a novel paclitaxel (PTX) loaded and a crosslinked solid phospholipid nanoparticles (SLN‐PTX) with negative surface charge was prepared by UV polymerization for drug delivery. Capping of positive charge of zwitterionic lecithin with negative charge of sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonate (AMPS‐Na) through cation exchange interaction produced a lecithin‐AMPS (L‐AMPS) complex. The amphiphilic and negative charged lipid complex was emulsified in the presence of emulsifier, paclitaxel, initiator, and methacrylated poly ε‐caprolacton‐diol (PCL‐MAC) as a spacer. The colloidal system was subjected to UV‐irradiation to obtain crosslinked nanoparticles. Completion of the UV‐polymerization was monitored with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which indicated the disappearance of exothermic peaks of vinyl groups. The nanoparticle system, having an average size of 200 nm, exhibited high drug encapsulation (96%) with negatively charged surface (zeta potential had an average of −70 mV). PTX release profiles of the crosslinked and uncrosslinked SLN‐PTXs were studied and their pharmacological properties were compared. The crosslinked nanoparticles exhibited more controlled release behavior with longer release time compared to the uncrosslinked ones. In vitro cytotoxicity test was conducted on MCF‐7 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line, which indicated that the crosslinked SLN‐PTXs have a potential therapeutic effect for breast cancer treatments. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44105.
Multi‐methodological Geophysical Exploration for the Interpretation of the Ancient Landscape of Phaistos (Greece)
Authors: Di Maio Rosa , La Manna Mauro , Piegari Ester , Mancini Cecilia , Achilli Vladimiro , Fabris Massimo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPhaistos is one of the main Minoan palatial sites in the Aegean context. The ancient sources and the scarce archaeological records indicate that the city, destroyed by the nearby town of Gorthina during second century bc, underwent also an important post‐palatine phase from alto‐archaic and archaic age to Hellenistic age, still scarcely excavated. Thus, in recent years, new research that integrate different methodologies has been performed to study part of the western Mesara plain, with a special focus on the area around the Phaistos’ hills and the underlying plateau. In this paper, the results of high‐resolution magnetic, electromagnetic, electrical and aerial photogrammetric surveys carried out in an area south of Phaistos site (Haghios Ioannis) are reported. All geophysical and geomatic data are consistent in showing a sharp contrast in soil properties of the northern and southern sectors of the survey area, which could help the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the large lake developed at the foot of the Phaistos hill during the Minoan age. Furthermore, several deep and shallow anomalies with regular geometric shapes suggest the presence of different types of buried structures. In particular, in the shallowest part of the subsoil, all observed data show elongated structures, whose geometry and physical properties well correlate with the presence of wall remains, and an anomaly feature with a semicircular shape also detected by previous orthophoto interpretation studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective Synthesis of 2,5‐Diformylfuran by Sustainable 4‐acetamido‐TEMPO/Halogen‐Mediated Electrooxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Kashparova Vera P. , Klushin Victor A. , Leontyeva Daria V. , Smirnova Nina V. , Chernyshev Victor M. , Ananikov Valentine P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA new method was developed for the selective gram‐scale synthesis of 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF), which is an important chemical with a high application potential, via oxidation of biomass‐derived 5‐hydroxylmethylfurfural (HMF) catalyzed by 4‐acetylamino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (4‐AcNH‐TEMPO) in a two‐phase system consisting of a methylene chloride and aqueous solution containing sodium hydrogen carbonate and potassium iodide. The key feature of this method is the generation of the I2 (co‐)oxidant by anodic oxidation of iodide anions during pulse electrolysis. In addition, the electrolyte can be successfully recycled five times while maintaining a 62–65 % yield of DFF. This novel method provides a sustainable pathway for waste‐free production of DFF without the use of metal catalysts and expensive oxidants. An advantage of electrooxidation is utilized in the preparation of demanding chemical.
Design of Smith Predictor and Fuzzy Decoupling for Mimo Chemical Processes with Time Delays
Authors: Hamdy M. , Ramadan A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a design of Smith predictor (SP) for a multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) chemical process with multiple time delays based on a fuzzy decoupling scheme. The decoupling control is achieved using fuzzy logic, to reduce the reliance on model‐based analysis in comparison with conventional decoupling. The proposed scheme is easy to realize and simple to design, as well as having a good decoupling capability. The SP is added to the system to overcome the problem of time delay. Stability conditions of the overall closed loop system based on a PI controller in the presence of a fuzzy decoupling scheme are formulated. The Wood and Berry model of a binary distillation column and an industrial‐scale polymerization reactor model are used as two examples to illustrate the applicability of the proposed scheme.
Robust Fault Detection for Discrete‐Time Nonlinear Impulsive Switched Systems
Authors: Li Jian , Song Zhengfan , Su Qingyu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of robust fault detection for discrete‐time nonlinear impulsive switched systems. The fault detection filter is used as the residual generator, in which the filter parameters are dependant on the system mode. Attention is focused on designing the robust fault detection filter. The problem of robust fault detection is converted into an H∞‐filtering problem. A sufficient condition for the solvability of this problem is established by a convex optimization problem. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Beanspruchung der Tunnelabdichtung durch den Herstellvorgang einer Tunnelinnenschale
Authors: Mähner Dietmar , Schmeing Johanna , Koroliuk Stepan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDer vorliegende Bericht befasst sich mit der Beanspruchung des Abdichtungssystems von Tunneln, die während des Herstellungsprozesses von Tunnelinnenschalen entstehen kann. Dazu wurde in einer systematischen Parameteruntersuchung am Institut für unterirdisches Bauen der FH Münster das Abdichtungssystem unter verschiedenen Rahmenbedingungen praxisnah einer Prüfung unterzogen. In den Laborversuchen zeigte sich ein Einfluss aus der Abdichtungsrücklage der Spritzbetonschicht sowie dem Geotextil. Die ermittelten Deformationen der Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen beim Herstellvorgang der Tunnelinnenschale unterschreiten die im Regelwerk geforderten Vorgaben. Die wesentlichen Untersuchungsergebnisse werden nachfolgend dargestellt.