bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Pricing Framework for Water Demand Management Using Advanced Metering Infrastructure Data
Authors: Alghamdi Faisal M. , Edwards Eric C. , Berglund Emily Z. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis research investigates dynamic pricing as a demand management tool to reduce cost and increase the lifespan of water distribution systems by reducing peak hour demand. Individual consumer responses to changes in hourly water price are simulated using advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) data. Demand profiles are used as input to a hydraulic simulation model to evaluate the effects of changing demands on flows and in‐network metrics. The framework is applied to Lakewood City, California, using a model of the pipe network and AMI data collected at nearly 20,000 accounts. Four dynamic pricing policies are applied to the model to show that reductions in morning peak demand ranging from 6% to 25% reduce peak energy demands up to 14%. These small changes in overall energy demand, up to a 1.7% reduction, lead to relatively larger overall reductions in energy cost, up to 5.5%. The results demonstrate the importance of dynamic pricing as a demand‐side strategy for infrastructure management and highlight the potential to accommodate demand growth without additional infrastructure investments.
Diffuse Auroral Emissions Driven by Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves at Jupiter
Authors: Tripathi Arvind K. , Singhal Rajendra P. , Mishra Ashish K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the present work we have modeled diffuse auroral emissions in Jupiter using the recent observations received by JUNO orbiter. Resonant wave‐particle interaction by electron‐cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves has been invoked as the mechanism for production of diffuse aurora. Energetic electrons trapped on closed field lines are diffused into the loss‐cone via pitch‐angle diffusion. Electron precipitation fluxes have been calculated. Electrons entering into the atmosphere undergo collisions with atmospheric constituents atomic H and molecular H2 producing electromagnetic emissions. Four excitations have been considered. These excitations are: HLy‐α from excitation of atomic H, HLy‐α from dissociative excitation of molecular H2, Lyman and Werner bands of H2. Volume excitation rates have been calculated for these excitations. Height integrated volume excitation rates have been obtained to give auroral intensities. Numerical calculations have been performed at five L‐shells; L = 10, 12, 15, 18 and 20. Maximum auroral intensities is obtained at shell L = 10. At higher shell L = 20 the intensity value reduces to a minimum. The intensities in Rayleigh (R) for HLy‐α from H, HLy‐α from H2, Lyman and Werner bands of H2 are calculated. Comparing these intensities with the diffuse auroral intensities observed at Saturn, it is found that the intensities at Jupiter are higher than the values predicted for Saturn. We have also calculated volume ionization rates for atomic H producing H+, dissociative ionization of H2 producing H+, and ionization of H2 producing H2+. The continuity equation is solved to obtain the electron density Outcomes are discussed.
Robust identification of perturbed cell types in single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Nicol Phillip B. , Paulson Danielle , Qian Gege , Liu X. Shirley , Irizarry Rafael , Sahu Avinash D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSingle-cell transcriptomics has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding how different cells contribute to disease progression by identifying cell types that change across diseases or conditions. However, detecting changing cell types is challenging due to individual-to-individual and cohort-to-cohort variability and naive approaches based on current computational tools lead to false positive findings. To address this, we propose a computational tool, scDist, based on a mixed-effects model that provides a statistically rigorous and computationally efficient approach for detecting transcriptomic differences. By accurately recapitulating known immune cell relationships and mitigating false positives induced by individual and cohort variation, we demonstrate that scDist outperforms current methods in both simulated and real datasets, even with limited sample sizes. Through the analysis of COVID-19 and immunotherapy datasets, scDist uncovers transcriptomic perturbations in dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and FCER1G+NK cells, that provide new insights into disease mechanisms and treatment responses. As single-cell datasets continue to expand, our faster and statistically rigorous method offers a robust and versatile tool for a wide range of research and clinical applications, enabling the investigation of cellular perturbations with implications for human health and disease.
Advancing thermoelectric potential: strontium telluride under compression strain analyzed with HSE hybrid functional and Wannier interpolation
Authors: Patel Hiren S. , Dabhi Vishnu A. , Vora Aditya M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the present era, the energy sector is undergoing an intense transformation, which encourages numerous research efforts aimed at reducing and reusing energy waste. One of the main areas of focus is thermoelectric energy, where telluride compounds have attracted researchers due to their remarkable ability to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. We focused this study on finding out how well strontium telluride (SrTe) can be used to generate thermoelectric power by testing it under up to 10% compression strain. We have used advanced computational approaches to increase the accuracy of our results, specifically the HSE hybrid functional with the Wannier interpolation method. This method is primarily employed to analyze electronic properties; however, our research extends its utility to investigate thermoelectric characteristics. Our findings provide accurate predictions for both electronic and thermoelectric properties. The above method has successfully achieved a significant improvement of 58% in the electronic band gap value, resulting in a value of 2.83 eV, which closely matches the experimental results. Furthermore, the Figure of Merit 0.95 is obtained, which is close to the ideal range. Both the band gap value and the thermoelectric figure of merit decrease when the compression strain is increased. These findings emphasize the importance of using SrTe under specific conditions. The findings of this work provide motivation for future researchers to investigate the environmental changes in the thermoelectric potential of SrTe.
Trust, trustworthiness and AI governance
Authors: Lahusen Christian , Maggetti Martino , Slavkovik Marija 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn emerging issue in AI alignment is the use of artificial intelligence (AI) by public authorities, and specifically the integration of algorithmic decision-making (ADM) into core state functions. In this context, the alignment of AI with the values related to the notions of trust and trustworthiness constitutes a particularly sensitive problem from a theoretical, empirical, and normative perspective. In this paper, we offer an interdisciplinary overview of the scholarship on trust in sociology, political science, and computer science anchored in artificial intelligence. On this basis, we argue that only a coherent and comprehensive interdisciplinary approach making sense of the different properties attributed to trust and trustworthiness can convey a proper understanding of complex watchful trust dynamics in a socio-technical context. Ensuring the trustworthiness of AI-Governance ultimately requires an understanding of how to combine trust-related values while addressing machines, humans and institutions at the same time. We offer a road-map of the steps that could be taken to address the challenges identified.
Histopathologische Befundung von Keimzelltumoren – worauf ist zu achten?
Authors: Fichtner Alexander , Nettersheim Daniel , Bremmer Felix 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Keimzelltumoren machen den Großteil der Hodentumoren aus und bilden eine heterogene Gruppe an Tumoren, die sich biologisch unterschiedlich verhalten. Aufgrund des Auftretens in unterschiedlichen Altersgruppen, ihrer morphologischen Charakteristika und der molekularen Veränderungen werden sie in 3 verschiedene Gruppen (Typ I–III) unterteilt. Die genaue histopathologische Analyse eines Orchiektomieresektats, die Zuordnung in die genannten 3 Gruppen und die genaue Benennung aller Subtypen mit prozentualer Verteilung ist für die Therapie und Prognose eines Patienten mit Keimzelltumor sehr wichtig. In diesem Artikel wird die Vorgehensweise bei der Aufarbeitung eines Orchiektomieresektats und die histopathologische Analyse des Hodentumorgewebes geschildert und dargestellt, in welchen Situationen Hilfsmittel wie immunhistochemische oder molekularpathologische Untersuchungen notwendig sind. Ferner wird die aktuelle Einteilung der Keimzelltumoren des Hodens anhand der gültigen WHO-Klassifikation geschildert und diskutiert.
Enhancing Prostate Cancer Detection in PI-RADS 3 Cases: An In-depth Analysis of Radiological Indicators from Multiparametric MRI
Authors: Mersinlioğlu İlker , Keven Ayse , Tezel Zülbiye Eda , Gürbüz Ahmet Faruk , Çubuk Metin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) diagnosis using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) remains challenging, especially in Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 (PI-RADS 3) lesions, which present an intermediate risk of malignancy. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of various radiological parameters in PI-RADS 3 lesions to improve the decision-making process for prostate biopsies.This retrospective study included 76 patients with PI-RADS 3 lesions who underwent mpMRI and transrectal prostate biopsy at a tertiary university hospital between 2015 and 2022. Radiological parameters such as signal intensity, lesion size, border definition, morphological features, lesion location, and prostate volume were analyzed. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and the patients’ clinical data including age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and histopathological findings were also evaluated. Results: Among the 76 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, prostate cancer was detected in 17, with only one case being clinically significant (csPCa). Factors increasing malignancy risk in PI-RADS 3 lesions included poorly defined lesion borders, ADC values below 1180 μm²/sec, and prostate volume below 50.5 cc. The study highlighted the need for additional radiological and clinical parameters in the risk classification of
PI-RADS 3 cases.This retrospective study included 76 patients with PI-RADS 3 lesions who underwent mpMRI and transrectal prostate biopsy at a tertiary university hospital between 2015 and 2022. Radiological parameters such as signal intensity, lesion size, border definition, morphological features, lesion location, and prostate volume were analyzed. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and the patients’ clinical data including age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and histopathological findings were also evaluated.Among the 76 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, prostate cancer was detected in 17, with only one case being clinically significant (csPCa). Factors increasing malignancy risk in PI-RADS 3 lesions included poorly defined lesion borders, ADC values below 1180 μm²/sec, and prostate volume below 50.5 cc. The study highlighted the need for additional radiological and clinical parameters in the risk classification of
PI-RADS 3 cases.The findings suggest that incorporating additional radiological parameters into the evaluation of PI-RADS 3 lesions can enhance the accuracy of prostate cancer diagnosis. This approach could minimize unnecessary biopsies and ensure that significant malignancies are not overlooked. Future multicenter, large-scale studies are recommended to establish more definitive risk stratification criteria.
Self-reported Costs of Endometriosis Patients in Germany
Authors: Heinze Nicole Rebecca , Götz Teresa , Rohloff Nadine , Schaller Lisa , Spelsberg Roman , Schäfer Sebastian Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEndometriosis patients face a significant economic burden. In addition to the directly attributable costs of the diagnosis and therapy of endometriosis, such as drug treatment and multimodal pain therapy, various indirect follow-up costs can be expected, e.g., due to incapacity for work and reduced work performance. As already reported in previous publications, endometriosis is associated with considerable costs for the health care system and society as well as for the affected women and their families.In order to measure the extent of the costs associated with endometriosis patients, 250 patients with an average age of 32.80 years were recruited via social media and interviewed about their self-financed costs as part of an online survey. The assessed direct costs comprise inpatient treatments, outpatient or pain therapy, fertility treatments, hormone therapies, prescribed and privately paid medications and aids, other therapeutic procedures, and directly attributable travel costs for endometriosis treatments.This resulted in an average cost of € 2059.55 per year. Indirect costs were calculated based on loss of income, day-to-day support, care costs, costs due to follow-up illnesses and other costs. On average, the indirect costs were € 2174.25. The average costs resulting from the survey totalled € 4233.81 per year with a standard deviation of € 8240.31.An increase of out-of-pocket costs can be assumed. This may result from an improved range of services for alternative treatment methods and an increased awareness of the need for personal investment in health. However, further health economic studies are needed to validate the results.
Cabbage Seedpod Weevil (
Ceutorhynchus obstrictus
) Management in Canola (
Brassica napus
) across western Canada
Authors: Merkosky Kian , Leibovitz Amy , Wong Sydney 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The cabbage seedpod weevil (CSW),
Ceutorhynchus obstrictus
(Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a significant pest of canola (
Brassica napus
L.) and other brassicaceous crops in western Canada, causing considerable yield losses if not effectively managed. It is primarily a pest of the southern prairies in western Canada, where damage can vary from 5 to 30% yield loss depending on region and year. CSW is a univoltine insect that overwinters in the adult stage. Adults are attracted to flowering fields each spring, where they mate, and females lay eggs in developing canola pods. Early flowering fields are most susceptible to damage and should be given priority in initial monitoring and management. Although adults can cause limited damage, larvae feeding on seeds in developing pods cause most of the damage. Insecticides are most often used for management, with no currently active biological control programs, though different options are being explored, and various cultural control strategies may prove effective in western Canada. This case study will review the current monitoring and management strategies for CSW in western Canada and suggest future areas of research.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Enhancing n-type doping in diamond by strain engineering
Authors: Cheng Chunmin , Sun Xiang , Shen Wei , Wang Qijun , Li Lijie , Dong Fang , Liang Kang , Wu Gai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The utilization of diamond, the ultimate semiconductor, in electronic devices is challenging due to the difficulty of n-type doping. Phosphorus (P)-doped diamond, the most prevalent type of n-type diamond, is still limited by the low solubility of P dopant and undesirable compensating defects such as vacancy defects and hydrogen incorporation. In order to overcome this limitation, strain engineering is introduced to the n-type P-doped diamond theoretically in this work. Uniaxial, equibiaxial, and hydrostatic triaxial strains are applied to the P-doped diamond. The formation energy, charge transition level, defect binding energy and other physical properties of the P-doped diamond are then calculated based on first-principles calculations. The results show that uniaxial, equibiaxial, and hydrostatic triaxial tensile strain can reduce the formation energy and the donor ionization energy of P dopant, and also reduce the binding energy of phosphorus–vacancy (PV) and phosphorus–hydrogen (PH) defects. Our results indicate that under tensile strain, the solubility of the P dopant and the n-type conductivity of the P-doped diamond can be increased, and the formation of compensating defects can be suppressed. Therefore, strain engineering is anticipated to be used to enhance the n-type characteristics of the P-doped diamond, facilitating its application in electronic devices.
Investigating student perspectives on alternate final assessment approaches in upper-level physics courses
Authors: Stonehouse Callum , O’Meara Joanne M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
During the pandemic, traditional final assessments in the form of in-person, timed, invigilated final examinations were not an option. As a result, in the academic years 2020/2021 and 2021/2022, students in the second year Electricity and Magnetism courses at the University of Guelph were asked to complete personalized study guides/portfolios as a means of communicating to the instructor what they had learned in the course. Although research has shown that portfolio-style assessment procedures support student achievement at least at the same level as traditional assessment procedures and appear to have additional benefits, they have not been widely adopted in the physical sciences. The goal of this work was to assess some of the affective consequences of using portfolio assessment procedures in an upper-level core physics course. Feedback from students, both in the form of an online anonymous survey as well as a more in-depth, in-person, focus group discussion, was positive. The general consensus was that students found the portfolios to be similar in workload to preparing for a final examination but offered additional benefits such as finding them to be significantly less stressful as well as feeling a greater sense of accomplishment after submission. Learning outcomes of the course were achieved through this approach at similar levels as seen previously, as demonstrated through student performance on the pre- and post-conceptual assessment, and further evidenced by the high-level example problems included here from student submissions. Grades earned on the portfolios were similar to those seen previously with invigilated traditional final examinations. Based on these findings, portfolio assessments will remain a core component of the pedagogical toolbox employed by faculty in physics at the University of Guelph. This project was reviewed by the Research Ethics Board at the University of Guelph for compliance with federal guidelines for research involving human participants. Approval was granted on 11 January 2023, REB # 22–11-004.
Phylotranscriptomic analyses reveal the evolutionary complexity of Paris L. (Melanthiaceae), a morphologically distinctive genus with significant pharmaceutical importance
Authors: Zhou Nian , Miao Ke , Hou Luxiao , Liu Haiyang , Chen Jiahui , Ji Yunheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Previous phylogenetic studies on the pharmaceutically significant genus Paris (Melanthiaceae) have consistently revealed substantial cytonuclear discordance, yet the underlying mechanism responsible for this phenomenon remains elusive. This study aims to reconstruct a robust nuclear backbone phylogeny and elucidate the potential evolutionarily complex events contributing to previously observed cytonuclear discordance within Paris.

Methods
Based on a comprehensive set of nuclear low-copy orthologous genes obtained from transcriptomic data, the intrageneric phylogeny of Paris, along with its phylogenetic relationships to allied genera, were inferred using coalescent and concatenated approaches. The analysis of gene tree discordance and reticulate evolution, in conjunction with an incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) simulation, was conducted to explore potential hybridization and ILS events in the evolutionary history of Paris and assess their contribution to the discordance of gene trees.

Key Results
The nuclear phylogeny unequivocally confirmed the monophyly of Paris and its sister relationship with Trillium, while widespread incongruences in gene trees were observed at the majority of internal nodes within Paris. The reticulate evolution analysis identified five instances of hybridization events in Paris, indicating that hybridization events might have occurred recurrently throughout the evolutionary history of Paris. In contrast, the ILS simulations revealed that only two internal nodes within section Euthyra experienced ILS events.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that the previously observed cytonuclear discordance in the phylogeny of Paris can primarily be attributed to recurrent hybridization events, with secondary contributions from infrequent ILS events. The recurrent hybridization events in the evolutionary history of Paris not only drove lineage diversification and speciation but also facilitated morphological innovation, and enhanced ecological adaptability. Therefore, artificial hybridization has great potential for breeding medicinal Paris species. These findings significantly contribute to our comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary complexity of this pharmaceutically significant plant lineage, thereby facilitating effective exploitation and conservation efforts.
Subcellular compartmentalized localization of transmembrane proteins essential for production of fungal cyclic peptide cyclochlorotine
Authors: Katayama Takuya , Jiang Yulu , Ozaki Taro , Oikawa Hideaki , Minami Atsushi , Maruyama Jun-ichi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Fungal biosynthetic gene clusters often include genes encoding transmembrane proteins, which have been mostly thought to be transporters exporting the products. However, there is little knowledge about subcellular compartmentalization of transmembrane proteins essential for biosynthesis. Fungal mycotoxin cyclochlorotine is synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, which is followed by modifications with three transmembrane UstYa-family proteins. Heterologous expression in Aspergillus oryzae revealed that total biosynthesis of cyclochlorotine requires additional two transporter proteins. Here, we investigated subcellular localizations of the five transmembrane proteins under heterologous expression in A. oryzae. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusions to the transmembrane proteins, which were confirmed to normally function in cyclochlorotine production, were expressed together with organellar markers. All the transmembrane proteins exhibited localizations commonly in line of the trans-Golgi, endosomes, and vacuoles. This study suggests that subcellular compartmentalization of UstYa family proteins and transporters allows corporative functions of delivering intermediates and subsequent modifications, completing cyclochlorotine biosynthesis.