bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aktuelles aus der Ernährungspolitik in Deutschland
Authors: von Philipsborn Peter 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie im März 2024 veröffentlichten Ernährungsempfehlungen der Deutschen
Gesellschaft für Ernährung (DGE) stellen eine zentrale Richtschnur für die
Ernährungspolitik in Deutschland dar. Tatsächlich besteht eine große Kluft
zwischen diesen Empfehlungen und der Ernährungsrealität. Die Anfang 2024
beschlossene Ernährungsstrategie der Bundesregierung will einen Beitrag zum
Schließen dieser Kluft leisten. Die bislang umgesetzten und angekündigten
Maßnahmen sind jedoch bei weitem nicht ausreichend, um die gesetzten Ziele zu
erreichen. Der vom Bundestag eingesetzte Bürgerrat Ernährung zeigte sich
entschlossener als die Regierung, und empfiehlt u.a. eine steuerfinanzierte,
beitragsfreie Kita- und Schulverpflegung gemäß DGE-Qualitätsstandards, eine
verbindliche Nährwertkennzeichnung auf der Verpackungsvorderseite, und eine
Reform der Lebensmittelbesteuerung. In allen diesen Bereichen wurden bei der
Umsetzung zuletzt keine oder nur begrenzte Fortschritte gemacht. Der vom
Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL) vorgelegte Entwurf für
ein Kinder-Lebensmittelwerbegesetz orientiert sich in zentralen Punkten an
evidenzbasierten Empfehlungen, droht aber, nicht oder in nur stark verwässerter
Form verabschiedet zu werden.
Künstliche Intelligenz im Kontext nicht-übertragbarer Erkrankungen –
Chancen und Risiken
Authors: Verket Marlo , Müller-Wieland Dirk 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungNicht-übertragbare chronische Krankheiten (NCDs) und ihre Folgen sind die größte
Bedrohung für unser derzeitiges Gesundheitssystem. Daher sind Lösungen ihrer
effektiven Prävention, einzelne Verläufe sowie Risiko-Individuen frühzeitig zu
erkennen und effizient zu behandeln. Dazu müssen wir neue Zusammenhänge zwischen
und innerhalb einzelner NCDs besser verstehen und dies sind große Perspektiven
von KI und einer Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens.Vertrauen in KI bei der Bevölkerung muss u. a. durch klare transparente Regeln
gestaltet werden. Risiken sind u. a. Missbrauch, der nur durch strikte
Strafverfolgung seitens der Gesetzgeber, und durch Transparenz der Anbieter und
Verwender von KI vorgebeugt werden können. Zudem kann medizinisch nur Vertrauen
geschaffen werden, indem KI-Anwendungen rigoros durch transparente
wissenschaftlich Studien differenziert evaluiert werden, um den Stellenwert
einzelner Angebote im Spektrum der medizinischen und präventiven Maßnahmen
festlegen zu können.Eine Medizin mit sinnvoller und evaluierter KI wird eine „bessere“ und
effizientere Medizin sein. Dieser Gestaltwandel in der Versorgung und Prävention
wird nicht ohne KIs möglich sein. Daher ist es höchste Zeit, dass wir diese zum
Nutzen unseres medizinisch-präventiven Handelns gestalten und regeln.
Erigeron breviscapus: A Promising Medication for Protecting the Optic Nerve in Glaucoma
Authors: Cheng Yuxin , Chen Xuanyi , Zhu Guangyu , Li Na , Sun Yue , Luo Shichun , Liu Yujie , Lu Xuejing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlaucoma is a common eye condition characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons, optic nerve damage, and visual field defects, which seriously affect a patientʼs quality of life. The pathogenesis of glaucoma is still unclear at present. It presents as damage to retinal ganglion cells, and the main treatment is primarily to reduce intraocular pressure by surgery or taking medication. However, even with well-controlled intraocular pressure, retinal ganglion cells still undergo degeneration, progressive apoptosis, and axonal loss. Therefore, protecting the optic nerve and inhibiting the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells are the current hot topic for prevention and treatment of glaucoma. Recently, Erigeron breviscapus, originating from Yunnan province in China, has been shown to be a promising herb with neuroprotective effects to treat glaucoma. Therefore, the traditional usage, botanical characteristics, and phytochemical composition of E.
breviscapus were explored through a literature review. Furthermore, we have summarized the pharmacological mechanisms of E. breviscapus and its active components in inhibiting the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells. These research findings can not only provide guidance and recommendations for the protection of retinal ganglion cells but also further explore the potential of E. breviscapus in the treatment of glaucoma.
Current Ovulation and Luteal Phase Tracking Methods and Technologies for Fertility and Family Planning: A Review
Authors: Wegrzynowicz Andrea K. , Eyvazzadeh Aimee , Beckley Amy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOvulation is critical for both conception and overall health, but many people who may ovulate are not tracking ovulation or any other part of their menstrual cycle. Failure to track ovulation, especially in those trying to conceive, can lead to fertility challenges due to absent ovulation, mistiming intercourse, or an undetected luteal phase defect. Ovulatory disorders and mistiming intercourse are both primary causes of infertility, and tracking ovulation is shown to decrease the average time to conception. While there are many tracking methods and apps available, the majority are predictive apps or ovulation predictor kits and do not test or track both successful ovulation and the health of the luteal phase, leading to missing information that could contribute to diagnosis or successful conception. Here, we review why ovulation tracking and a healthy luteal phase are important for those trying to conceive. We present currently available ovulation tracking methods that detect both ovulation and the luteal phase, including cervical mucus, urinary hormone testing, and basal body temperature, and discuss the use, advantages, and disadvantages of each. Finally, we consider the role of digital applications and tracking technologies in ovulation tracking.
A configuration sampling study of reaction intermediates constituting catalytic cycles for CO oxidation with Pt1/TiO2
Authors: Humphrey Nicholas , Bac Selin , Mallikarjun Sharada Shaama 
Published: September 2024

We combine ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations with an unsupervised machine learning approach to automate the search for possible configurations of CO oxidation reaction intermediates catalyzed by the atomically dispersed Pt1/TiO2 catalyst. Following the example of Roncoroni and co-workers [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 25, 13741 (2023)], we employ t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and hierarchical density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise to reduce the dimensionality and cluster AIMD snapshots based on the local coordination environment of Pt. We identify new local minima, particularly in cases where CO2 is bound to the active site, because it can coordinate in various ways with both the metal and support. The new minima constitute additional elementary steps in some proposed pathways for CO oxidation, resulting in turnover frequencies that differ from prior estimates by several orders of magnitude. This work, therefore, demonstrates that configuration sampling is a necessary component of computational studies of catalytic cycles for atomically dispersed catalysts.
From Complexification to Self-Similarity: New Aspects of Quantum Criticality
Authors: Liu 刘 Yang 洋 , Zhao Erhai , Zou 邹 Haiyuan 海源 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Quantum phase transitions are a fascinating area of condensed matter physics. The extension through complexification not only broadens the scope of this field but also offers a new framework for understanding criticality and its statistical implications. This mini review provides a concise overview of recent developments in complexification, primarily covering finite temperature and equilibrium quantum phase transitions, as well as their connection with dynamical quantum phase transitions and non-Hermitian physics, with a particular focus on the significance of Fisher zeros. Starting from the newly discovered self-similarity phenomenon associated with complex partition functions, we further discuss research on self-similar systems briefly. Finally, we offer a perspective on these aspects.
Fast inspirals and the treatment of orbital resonances
Authors: Lynch Philip , Witzany Vojtěch , van de Meent Maarten , Warburton Niels 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs), where a compact object orbits a massive black hole, are a key source of gravitational waves for the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Due to their small mass ratio, (

ϵ
∼

10

−
4

–10−7), the binary evolves slowly and EMRI signals will be in-band for years. Additionally, astrophysical EMRIs are expected to have complex dynamics featuring both spin-precession and eccentricity. A standard approach to modelling these inspirals is via the method of osculating geodesics (OG) which we employ along with a toy model for the gravitational self-force. Using this method requires resolving tens of thousands radial and polar orbital librations over the long duration of the signal which makes the inspiral trajectory expensive to compute. In this work we accelerate these calculations by employing Near-Identity (averaging) Transformations. However, this averaging technique breaks down at orbital resonances where the radial and polar frequencies are an integer ratio of each other. Thus, we switch to a partial averaging transformation in the vicinity of the resonance where the dynamics are characterised by the slow evolution of the so-called ‘resonant phase’. Additionally, we develop an optimal switching criterion to minimise the computation time while maximising accuracy. We find the error in the waveform phase is improved from

O

(

ϵ

−
1

/

2

)

in the fully averaged scheme to

O

(

ϵ

4

/

7

)

in the switching scheme. At the same time, this scheme improves the scaling of the computation time from being inversely proportional to ϵ using OG, to a very weak scaling with ϵ. This results in a speed-up of at least two orders of magnitude for LISA EMRIs with room for further optimisation.
Smooth Gowdy-symmetric generalised Taub–NUT solutions with polynomial initial data
Authors: Hennig Jörg 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We consider smooth Gowdy-symmetric generalised Taub–NUT solutions, a class of inhomogeneous cosmological models with spatial three-sphere topology. They are characterised by existence of a smooth past Cauchy horizon and, with the exception of certain singular cases, they also develop a regular future Cauchy horizon. Several examples of exact solutions were previously constructed, where the initial data (in form of the initial Ernst potentials) are polynomials of low degree. Here, we generalise to polynomial initial data of arbitrary degree. Utilising methods from soliton theory, we obtain a simple algorithm that allows us to construct the resulting Ernst potential with purely algebraic calculations. We also derive an explicit formula in terms of determinants, and we illustrate the method with two examples.
4H-SiC ultraviolet photodetector array with vertical MSM configuration
Authors: Ji Yingze , Li Guohui , Liu Haokun , Zhang Shan-Ting , Wang Wenyan , Li Dongdong , Cui Yanxia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The increasing demand for ultraviolet (UV) imaging in extreme conditions, such as high temperatures and strong radiation, has spurred advancements in UV photodetector arrays. Traditional metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) 4 H-SiC UV photodetector array, with their planar structure and M × N electrode connections, face challenges in circuit design. Our research utilizes a vertical design for building the photodetector array, reducing the connections to just M + N, thereby simplifying the circuit design and signal processing. Utilizing semi-insulating 4 H-SiC wafer and TiN electrodes, we developed an 8 × 8 vertical MSM photodetector array. Tested under a 365 nm light source at 10.5 mW cm−2 and a 5 V bias, the array demonstrated low dark currents, high contrasts under illumination, and a 100% operational yield. With average photo current and dark currents of 1.56 × 10−8 A and 2.94 × 10−13 A, respectively, the average photo-to-dark current ratio exceeded 5 × 104. Our design effectively minimized sneak path currents and achieved a low crosstalk rate of 0.46%, enabling the capture of clear, high-contrast images. This marks a significant advancement in the application of MSM 4 H-SiC UV photodetectors for imaging in extreme conditions.
Ab-initio prediction of gigantic anomalous Nernst effect in ferromagnetic monolayer transition metal trihalides
Authors: Syariati Rifky , Wella Sasfan A , Suprayoga Edi , Muntini Melania S , Ishii Fumiyuki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The anomalous Hall conductivity of all transition metal trihalides was explored using first-principles calculations. Employing the Fukui-Hatsugai-Suzuki method, we found that ferromagnetic monolayers XBr3 (X = Pd, Pt) possessed the quantized anomalous Hall conductivity (QAHC) with and without carrier doping. Due to unique QAHC, their transverse thermoelectric properties of XBr3 (X = Pd, Pt) were investigated. Employing the semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory, the transverse thermoelectric coefficient of each monolayer was analyzed. Anomalous Nernst coefficients (ANCs) of the XBr3 monolayers were prominent both at and near the Fermi level. Under an assumed relaxation time of 10 fs, the maximum ANCs for the PdBr3 (PtBr3) monolayer reached −54.1 (−23.3) µV K−1 at

T
=

300 K upon doping with 1.21 × 1014 (5.64 × 1013) holes cm−2. The large ANCs of the XBr3 monolayers were attributed to the opening of a narrow bandgap generated by spin–orbit coupling both at and near the Fermi level, which led to a large Seebeck-induced charge current and large anomalous Nernst conductivity. These results suggest that ferromagnetic XBr3 monolayers have significant potential for application in thermoelectric devices.
Fault diagnosis for multiple redundancy aileron actuator based on parallel-SDP and polar sparse representation
Authors: Yuan Hang , Meng Ye , You Xianglong , Wu Hao , Liu Jianjuan , Yang Kuangli , Dong Zhe , Zhang Huijuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As a critical component of aircraft flight control systems, aileron actuator’s fault directly affects the performance of flight control system and the overall flight safety of the aircraft. Therefore, effective fault diagnosis of aileron actuators becomes particularly important. However, with the development of redundancy design, the structure of aileron actuators is more and more complex, and the fault modes are more and more diverse, which increases the difficulty of fault diagnosis significantly. To address this challenge, this study proposes a fault diagnosis method based on parallel-symmetrical dot pattern (SDP) and polar sparse representation. First, the current residual signals of force motors are obtained using a bi-step observer. Then, the residual signals are transformed into parallel-SDP images, where each of the four petals of the parallel-SDP image is generated from the corresponding channel. The parallel-SDP image presents global fault information and captures subtle changes of residual signals, which increases the sensitivity of fault diagnosis. Subsequently, rapid single-channel fault localization is achieved by barycenter analysis of the parallel-SDP images. Finally, based on the result of fault localization, the proposed polar sparse representation algorithm is utilized for fault diagnosis of mechanical and control faults separately. Based on the dataset obtained from physical-parameter-simulation, the proposed method was validated, and the accuracy of fault diagnosis was 99.29%, which is better than conventional fault diagnosis, meanwhile, the computational resources consumption of the proposed method is much less than deep-learning-based method, which is suitable for embedded computing system in aircraft.
A hybrid PCA acceleration method for rapid real-time 2D MRI
Authors: Wright Mark , Han Gawon , Yun Jihyun , Yip Eugene , Gabos Zsolt , Usmani Nawaid , Fallone B Gino , Wachowicz Keith 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. To develop a 2D MR acceleration method utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) in a hybrid fashion for rapid real-time applications. Approach. Retrospective testing was performed on 10 lung, 10 liver and 10 prostate 3T MRI data sets for image quality and target contourability. Sampling of k-space is performed by acquiring central (low-frequency) data in every frame while the high-frequency data is incoherently undersampled such that all of k-space is acquired in a pre-determined number of frames. Firstly, principal components (PCs) representative of intra-frame correlations between central and outer k-space data are used to estimate unsampled data in the frame of interest. Then to add further stability, PCs representative of time-domain fluctuations within a reconstruction window of the most recent frames are fit to outer k-space data (including above estimations) to obtain final estimates in the frame of interest. Accelerated reconstructions between 3x and 8x were tested for image quality and contourability along with the optimal number of PCs for fitting. Main results. It was found that at higher acceleration rates, image quality did not deteriorate significantly. Similarly, it was found that the images were of sufficient quality to contour a target using auto-contouring software at all tested acceleration rates and sites. SSIM values were found to be ⩾0.91 at all accelerations tested. Similarly dice coefficients at the different sites were found to be ⩾0.89 even at 8x accelerations which is on par with or better than intra-observer variation. Significance. This method appears to produce improved image quality and contourability compared to previous PCA methods while also allowing a greater number of PCs to be used in reconstruction. The method can be run using a simple single-channel coil and does not require significant computing power to meet real-time interventional standards (reconstruction times ∼60 ms/frame on Intel i5 CPU).
Aluminum antimony alloy overlayers synthesized using the electrodeposition method: investigation of structural, optical, electrical properties, and DFT calculation
Authors: Chaiworn Panupat , Kambut Athicha , Pluengphon Prayoonsak , Wongrat Ekasiddh , Wichasilp Chanade , Tubtimtae Auttasit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the synthesis of aluminum antimony (Al–Sb) alloy overlayers using an electrodeposition method for application in optoelectronic devices with various applied constant voltages (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 V) controlled by a DC power supply. The corresponding energy dispersive x-ray spectroscope spectra show that elements including Al, Sb, and Cl were detected in the layers under all conditions of the applied voltage. The structural properties of the formulated compound layers were studied for their structural properties through x-ray diffraction patterns, and all the diffraction peaks exhibited a cubic phase structure. The Al–Sb alloy overlayers were incorporated with nanoparticles and had crystallite sizes ranging from ∼55 to 282 nm. The average transmittance T(λ) values in the visible to near-infrared region were ∼28.36%, 17.64%, 14.07%, 7.83%, and 5.84%, while the average reflectance R(λ) values were ∼3.80%, 1.69%, 1.30%, 0.47%, and 0.21% for applied voltages of 2–10 V, respectively. The energy band gap (E
g) existing in the overlayers was determined using Tauc’s plot with the Kubelka–Munk function and it was inferred to be between 1.90 eV and 2.72 eV. The dispersion constants and energies of the prepared samples were also investigated. The 2 V applied voltage-treated Al–Sb alloy overlayers showed the highest average χ(1),

χ

(
3
)

, and

n
2

values of 0.088, 1.680 × 10−14 esu., and 4.082 × 10−13 esu., respectively. In addition, the resistance at various absolute temperatures was also recorded for the activation energy (E
AC) values of the Al–Sb alloy overlayers with applied voltages of 2–10 V. Finally, ab initio calculations based on density functional theory were performed to support the experimental report of the Al–Sb systems. It was found that the calculated lattice constants are in good agreement with the experimental results, and a wider photoabsorption range performance for Al–Sb phase I in the axis of energy seems to be suitable for application as an optical device.
Non-thermal fusion burning processes, relevant collective modes and gained perspectives
Authors: Coppi B. , Basu B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
New tridimensional plasma structures, that are oscillatory and classified as non-separable ballooning modes, can emerge in inhomogeneous plasmas and undergo resonant mode-particle interactions, e.g. with a minority population, that can lead them to modify their spatial profiles. Thus, unlike the case of previously known ballooning modes their amplitudes are not separable functions of time and space. The relevant resonance conditions are intrinsically different from those of the well-known Landau conditions for (ordinary) plasma waves: they involve the mode geometry and affect different regions of the distribution in momentum space at different positions in configuration space. A process for a transfer of energy among different particle populations is envisioned.
Seed quality of different Malaysian rice varieties (cv. MR297, MR253 and MR269)
Authors: Mohamed M , Abdul Rahman S M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Seed quality, particularly seed longevity, is crucial as it indicates the potential crop yield performance. Determining seed longevity provides an estimate of the storage potential of rice seeds. The objectives of this study were to determine the seed quality and potential longevity (p
50) of different Malaysian rice varieties (cv. MR297, MR253, and MR269). Seeds of cv. MR297 were obtained from KADA Mulong, Kelantan, while those of cv. MR253 and MR269 were sourced from Sungai Rambai, Melaka, two weeks after harvest. The initial seed moisture content (MC) ranged between 10-18%. Seed quality characteristics, including normal germination, speed of germination, seedling length, and seed vigour index (VI), were assessed. Prior to determining P50, the seeds were maintained at 15% ± 0.5 MC. Sixteen samples for each variety, consisting of 50 seeds per packet, were kept in an incubator at 40°C for 10 days. Seed samples were withdrawn at 3, 7, and 10 days post-incubation. Germination tests were conducted in a growth chamber set to 25/16°C with a 12-hour photoperiod and recorded until 14 days of the germination period. The findings indicate significant differences among the varieties in terms of normal germination percentage, speed of germination, seed vigour index, seedling dry weight, seedling length, and seed VI. The average initial seed MC was 10.28% for MR297, 18.52% for MR253, and 9.46% for MR269. The ability of cv. MR297 seeds to germinate normally ranged from 80-94%, cv. MR253 from 50-87%, and cv. MR269 from 7-94%. The estimated potential seed longevity (p
50) for cv. MR297 suggests that 50% of the seeds will lose viability after 46 days in storage. In conclusion, cv. MR297 demonstrates superior seed quality and potential longevity compared to cv. MR253 and cv. MR269.