bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can a Rescuer or Simulated Patient Accurately Assess Motion During Cervical Spine Stabilization Practice Sessions?
Authors: Shrier Ian , Boissy Patrick , Brière Simon , Mellette Jay , Fecteau Luc , Matheson Gordon O. , Garza Daniel , Meeuwisse Willem H. , Segal Eli , Boulay John , Steele Russell J. 
Published: March 2017

Context:
Health care providers must be prepared to manage all potential spine injuries as if they are unstable. Therefore, most sport teams devote resources to training for sideline cervical spine (C-spine) emergencies.

Objective:
To determine (1) how accurately rescuers and simulated patients can assess motion during C-spine stabilization practice and (2) whether providing performance feedback to rescuers influences their choice of stabilization technique.

Design:
Crossover study.

Setting:
Training studio.

Patients or Other Participants:
Athletic trainers, athletic therapists, and physiotherapists experienced at managing suspected C-spine injuries.

Intervention(s):
Twelve lead rescuers (at the patient's head) performed both the head-squeeze and trap-squeeze C-spine stabilization maneuvers during 4 test scenarios: lift-and-slide and log-roll placement on a spine board and confused patient trying to sit up or rotate the head.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Interrater reliability between rescuer and simulated patient quality scores for subjective evaluation of C-spine stabilization during trials (0 = best, 10 = worst), correlation between rescuers' quality scores and objective measures of motion with inertial measurement units, and frequency of change in preference for the head-squeeze versus trap-squeeze maneuver.

Results:
Although the weighted κ value for interrater reliability was acceptable (0.71–0.74), scores varied by 2 points or more between rescuers and simulated patients for approximately 10% to 15% of trials. Rescuers' scores correlated with objective measures, but variability was large: 38% of trials scored as 0 or 1 by the rescuer involved more than 10° of motion in at least 1 direction. Feedback did not affect the preference for the lift-and-slide placement. For the log-roll placement, 6 of 8 participants who preferred the head squeeze at baseline preferred the trap squeeze after feedback. For the confused patient, 5 of 5 participants initially preferred the head squeeze but preferred the trap squeeze after feedback.

Conclusions:
Rescuers and simulated patients could not adequately assess performance during C-spine stabilization maneuvers without objective measures. Providing immediate feedback in this context is a promising tool for changing behavior preferences and improving training.
Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Meniscal Injuries Among Active-Duty US Military Service Members
Authors: Jones Jennifer C. , Burks Robert , Owens Brett D. , Sturdivant Rodney X. , Svoboda Steven J. , Cameron Kenneth L. 
Published: March 2017

Context:Few population-based studies have examined the incidence of meniscal injuries, and limited information is available on the influence of patient's demographic and occupational factors.Objective:To examine the incidence of meniscal injuries and the influence of demographic and occupational factors among active-duty US service members between 1998 and 2006.Design:Cohort study.Setting:Using the International Classification of Diseases (9th revision) codes 836.0 (medial meniscus), 836.1 (lateral meniscus), and 836.2 (meniscus unspecified), we extracted injury data from the Defense Medical Surveillance System to identify all acute meniscal injuries among active-duty military personnel.Patients or Other Participants:Active-duty military personnel serving in all branches of military service during the study period.Main Outcome Measure(s):Incidence rate (IR) per 1000 person-years at risk and crude and adjusted rates by strata for age, sex, race, rank, and service.Results:During the study period, 100201 acute meniscal injuries and 12115606 person-years at risk for injury were documented. The overall IR was 8.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.22, 8.32) per 1000 person-years. Main effects were noted for all demographic and occupational variables (P&lt; .001), indicating that age, sex, race, rank, and service were associated with the incidence of meniscal injuries. Men were almost 20% more likely to experience an acute meniscal injury than were women (incidence rate ratio = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.15, 1.20). The rate of meniscal injury increased with age; those older than 40 years of age experienced injuries more than 4 times as often as those under 20 years of age (incidence rate ratio = 4.25,95% CI = 4.08, 4.42).Conclusions:The incidence of meniscal injury was sub-stantially higher in this study than in previously reported studies. Male sex, increasing age, and service in the Army or Marine Corps were factors associated with meniscal injuries.
Arch Height and Maximum Rearfoot Eversion During Jogging in 2 Static Neutral Positions
Authors: Lee Sae Yong , Hertel Jay 
Published: March 2017

Context:Clinically, lowering of the medial longitudinal arch is believed to be closely related to rearfoot eversion. However, the relationship between arch height and rearfoot eversion during gait is unclear.Objectives:(1) To examine the influence of 2 reference positions (weight-bearing neutral position [WBNP] and subtalar neutral position [STNP]) on maximum rearfoot eversion, tibial internal rotation, knee flexion, knee internal rotation, and dorsiflexion-plantar flexion of ankle joint measures during jogging and (2) to compare the relationships among static arch height, navicular drop, and the 2 maximum rearfoot eversion measures.Design:Crossover study.Setting:Gait laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:Thirty-three volunteers between 18 and 40 years of age.Intervention(s):Each participant stood on the treadmill in 2 static positions: WBNP and STNP. Kinematic data were obtained using a 10-camera motion analysis system (120 Hz) when participants jogged at 2.65 m/s on the treadmill in bare feet.Main Outcome Measure(s):Rearfoot and shank angular kinematics, navicular drop, and static arch height.Results:Maximum rearfoot eversion was greater (WBNP: 4.03° ± 2.58°, STNP: 10.91° ± 5.34°) when STNP was the static reference (P &lt; .001). A strong correlation was seen between maximum STNP eversion and navicular drop (r = 0.842) but not between WBNP and navicular drop (r = 0.216). Differences were noted in dorsiflexion and knee kinematics during gait between the static references; however, the effect sizes were low, and the mean differences were smaller than 2°, which was less than 5% of total excursion during gait.Conclusions:Using STNP rather than WBNP as the reference position affects estimates of frontal-plane rearfoot movement but not other ankle or knee motions in jogging.
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Preventing Sudden Death in Sports
Authors: Casa Douglas J. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. , Anderson Scott A. , Courson Ronald W. , Heck Jonathan F. , Jimenez Carolyn C. , McDermott Brendon P. , Miller Michael G. , Stearns Rebecca L. , Swartz Erik E. , Walsh Katie M. 
Published: March 2017

Objective:To present recommendations for the prevention and screening, recognition, and treatment of the most common conditions resulting in sudden death in organized sports.Background:Cardiac conditions, head injuries, neck injuries, exertional heat stroke, exertional sickling, asthma, and other factors (eg, lightning, diabetes) are the most common causes of death in athletes.Recommendations:These guidelines are intended to provide relevant information on preventing sudden death in sports and to give specific recommendations for certified athletic trainers and others participating in athletic health care.
A Methodologic Approach for Normalizing Angular Work and Velocity During Isotonic and Isokinetic Eccentric Training
Authors: Guilhem Gaël , Cornu Christophe , Guével Arnaud 
Published: March 2017

Context:
Resistance exercise training commonly is performed against a constant external load (isotonic) or at a constant velocity (isokinetic). Researchers comparing the effectiveness of isotonic and isokinetic resistance-training protocols need to equalize the mechanical stimulus (work and velocity) applied.

Objective:
To examine whether the standardization protocol could be adjusted and applied to an eccentric training program.

Design:
Controlled laboratory study.

Setting:
Controlled research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Twenty-one sport science male students (age = 20.6 ± 1.5 years, height = 178.0 ± 4.0 cm, mass = 74.5 ± 9.1 kg).

Intervention(s):
Participants performed 9 weeks of isotonic (n = 11) or isokinetic (n = 10) eccentric training of knee extensors that was designed so they would perform the same amount of angular work at the same mean angular velocity.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Angular work and angular velocity.

Results:
The isotonic and isokinetic groups performed the same total amount of work (−185.2 ± 6.5 kJ and −184.4 ± 8.6 kJ, respectively) at the same angular velocity (21 ± 1°/s and 22°/s, respectively) with the same number of repetitions (8.0 and 8.0, respectively). Bland-Altman analysis showed that work (bias = 2.4%) and angular velocity (bias = 0.2%) were equalized over 9 weeks between the modes of training.

Conclusions:
The procedure developed allows angular work and velocity to be standardized over 9 weeks of isotonic and isokinetic eccentric training of the knee extensors. This method could be useful in future studies in which researchers compare neuromuscular adaptations induced by each type of training mode with respect to rehabilitating patients after musculoskeletal injury.
Skinfold Thickness at 8 Common Cryotherapy Sites in Various Athletic Populations
Authors: Jutte Lisa S. , Hawkins Jeremy , Miller Kevin C. , Long Blaine C. , Knight Kenneth L. 
Published: March 2017

Context:
Researchers have observed slower cooling rates in thigh muscle with greater overlying adipose tissue, suggesting that cryotherapy duration should be based on the adipose thickness of the treatment site. Skinfold data do not exist for other common cryotherapy sites, and no one has reported how those skinfolds might vary because of physical activity level or sex.

Objective:
To determine the variability in skinfold thickness among common cryotherapy sites relative to sex and activity level (National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes, recreationally active college athletes).

Design:
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting:
Field.

Patients or Other Participants:
Three hundred eighty-nine college students participated; 196 Division I athletes (157 men, 39 women) were recruited during preseason physicals, and 193 recreationally active college athletes (108 men, 85 women) were recruited from physical education classes.

Intervention(s):
Three skinfold measurements to within 1 mm were taken at 8 sites (inferior angle of the scapula, middle deltoid, ulnar groove, midforearm, midthigh, medial collateral ligament, midcalf, and anterior talofibular ligament [ATF]) using Lange skinfold calipers.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Skinfold thickness in millimeters.

Results:
We noted interactions among sex, activity level, and skinfold site. Male athletes had smaller skinfold measurements than female athletes at all sites except the ATF, scapula, and ulnar groove (F7,2702 = 69.85, P &lt; .001). Skinfold measurements were greater for recreationally active athletes than their Division I counterparts at all sites except the ATF, deltoid, and ulnar groove (F7,2702 = 30.79, P &lt; .001). Thigh skinfold measurements of recreationally active female athletes were the largest, and their ATF skinfolds were the smallest.

Conclusions:
Skinfold thickness at common cryotherapy treatment sites varied based on level of physical activity and sex. Therefore, clinicians should measure skinfold thickness to determine an appropriate cryotherapy duration.
Epidemiology of Overuse and Acute Injuries Among Competitive Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Yang Jingzhen , Tibbetts Abigail S. , Covassin Tracey , Cheng Gang , Nayar Saloni , Heiden Erin 
Published: March 2017

Context:
Although overuse injuries are gaining attention, epidemiologic studies on overuse injuries in male and female collegiate athletes are lacking.

Objective:
To report the epidemiology of overuse injuries sustained by collegiate athletes and to compare the rates of overuse and acute injuries.

Design:
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting:
A National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 1317 reported injuries sustained by 573 male and female athletes in 16 collegiate sports teams during the 2005–2008 seasons.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The injury and athlete-exposure (AE) data were obtained from the Sports Injury Monitoring System. An injury was coded as either overuse or acute based on the nature of injury. Injury rate was calculated as the total number of overuse (or acute) injuries during the study period divided by the total number of AEs during the same period.

Results:
A total of 386 (29.3%) overuse injuries and 931 63.1 per 10000 AEs. The rate ratio (RR) of acute versus overuse injuries was 2.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.05, 2.67). Football had the highest RR (RR = 8.35, 95% CI = 5.38, 12.97), and women's rowing had the lowest (RR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.51, 1.10). Men had a higher acute injury rate than women (49.8 versus 38.6 per 10000 AEs). Female athletes had a higher rate of overuse injury than male athletes (24.6 versus 13.2 per 10000 AEs). More than half of the overuse injuries (50.8%) resulted in no time loss from sport.

Conclusions:
Additional studies are needed to examine why female athletes are at greater risk for overuse injuries and identify the best practices for prevention and rehabilitation of overuse injuries.
Prevalence of Invalid Computerized Baseline Neurocognitive Test Results in High School and Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Schatz Philip , Moser Rosemarie Scolaro , Solomon Gary S. , Ott Summer D. , Karpf Robin 
Published: March 2017

Context:
Limited data are available regarding the prevalence and nature of invalid computerized baseline neurocognitive test data.

Objective:
To identify the prevalence of invalid baselines on the desktop and online versions of ImPACT and to document the utility of correcting for left-right (L-R) confusion on the desktop version of ImPACT.

Design:
Cross-sectional study of independent samples of high school (HS) and collegiate athletes who completed the desktop or online versions of ImPACT.

Participants or Other Participants:
A total of 3769 HS (desktop  =  1617, online  =  2152) and 2130 collegiate (desktop  =  742, online  =  1388) athletes completed preseason baseline assessments.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Prevalence of 5 ImPACT validity indicators, with correction for L-R confusion (reversing left and right mouse-click responses) on the desktop version, by test version and group. Chi-square analyses were conducted for sex and attentional or learning disorders.

Results:
At least 1 invalid indicator was present on 11.9% (desktop) versus 6.3% (online) of the HS baselines and 10.2% (desktop) versus 4.1% (online) of collegiate baselines; correcting for L-R confusion (desktop) decreased this overall prevalence to 8.4% (HS) and 7.5% (collegiate). Online Impulse Control scores alone yielded 0.4% (HS) and 0.9% (collegiate) invalid baselines, compared with 9.0% (HS) and 5.4% (collegiate) on the desktop version; correcting for L-R confusion (desktop) decreased the prevalence of invalid Impulse Control scores to 5.4% (HS) and 2.6% (collegiate). Male athletes and HS athletes with attention deficit or learning disorders who took the online version were more likely to have at least 1 invalid indicator. Utility of additional invalidity indicators is reported.

Conclusions:
The online ImPACT version appeared to yield fewer invalid baseline results than did the desktop version. Identification of L-R confusion reduces the prevalence of invalid baselines (desktop only) and the potency of Impulse Control as a validity indicator. We advise test administrators to be vigilant in identifying invalid baseline results as part of routine concussion management and prevention programs.
Validity and Reliability of Nintendo Wii Fit Balance Scores
Authors: Wikstrom Erik A. 
Published: March 2017

Context:Interactive gaming systems have the potential to help rehabilitate patients with musculoskeletal conditions. The Nintendo Wii Balance Board, which is part of the Wii Fit game, could be an effective tool to monitor progress during rehabilitation because the board and game can provide objective measures of balance. However, the validity and reliability of Wii Fit balance scores remain unknown.Objective:To determine the concurrent validity of balance scores produced by the Wii Fit game and the intrasession and intersession reliability of Wii Fit balance scores.Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Setting:Sports medicine research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:Forty-five recreationally active participants (age  =  27.0 ± 9.8 years, height  =  170.9 ± 9.2 cm, mass  =  72.4 ± 11.8 kg) with a heterogeneous history of lower extremity injury.Intervention(s):Participants completed a single-limb–stance task on a force plate and the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) during the first test session. Twelve Wii Fit balance activities were completed during 2 test sessions separated by 1 week.Main Outcome Measure(s):Postural sway in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions and the AP, ML, and resultant center-of-pressure (COP) excursions were calculated from the single-limb stance. The normalized reach distance was recorded for the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions of the SEBT. Wii Fit balance scores that the game software generated also were recorded.Results:All 96 of the calculated correlation coefficients among Wii Fit activity outcomes and established balance outcomes were interpreted as poor (r &lt; 0.50). Intrasession reliability for Wii Fit balance activity scores ranged from good (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]  =  0.80) to poor (ICC  =  0.39), with 8 activities having poor intrasession reliability. Similarly, 11 of the 12 Wii Fit balance activity scores demonstrated poor intersession reliability, with scores ranging from fair (ICC  =  0.74) to poor (ICC  =  0.29).Conclusions:Wii Fit balance activity scores had poor concurrent validity relative to COP outcomes and SEBT reach distances. In addition, the included Wii Fit balance activity scores generally had poor intrasession and intersession reliability.
Biomechanical Analysis of the Anterior Lunge During 4 External-Load Conditions
Authors: Riemann Bryan L. , Lapinski Shelley , Smith Lyndsay , Davies George 
Published: March 2017

Context:
Comprehensive analysis of ankle, knee, and hip kinematics and kinetics during anterior lunge performance in young adults has not been studied. In addition, the effects of adding external resistance on the kinematics and kinetics are unknown.

Objective:
To determine the effects of external load on ankle, knee, and hip joint kinematics and kinetics during the anterior lunge.

Design:
Crossover study.

Setting:
Laboratory environment.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 16 recreationally active, college-aged adults (8 men, 8 women).

Intervention(s):
Anterior lunges under 4 external-load conditions, 0% (control), 12.5%, 25%, and 50% of body mass.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Ankle, knee, and hip peak flexion, net joint extensor moment impulse, and eccentric and concentric work were computed during the interval when the stepping limb was in contact with the ground. Additionally, 3 summary lunge characteristics were calculated.

Results:
No significant (P &gt; .05) load effects were noted for peak flexion angles or the lunge characteristics except for peak vertical total-body center-of-mass displacement. Trend analysis of significant condition-by-joint interactions revealed significant linear trends for all 3 joints, with the hip greater than the ankle and the ankle greater than the knee. Additionally, as the external load increased, mechanical work increased linearly at the hip and ankle but not at the knee.

Conclusions:
From a kinematic perspective, the lunge involves greater motion at the knee, but from a kinetic perspective, the anterior lunge is a hip-extensor–dominant exercise. Adding external weight prompted the greatest joint kinetic increases at the hip and ankle, with little change in the knee contributions. These results can assist clinicians in deciding whether the characteristics of the anterior lunge match a patient's exercise needs during rehabilitation and performance-enhancement programs.
Anterior Knee Stiffness Changes in Laxity “Responders” Versus “Nonresponders” Across the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Schmitz Randy J. , Shultz Sandra J. 
Published: March 2017

Context
Although changes in anterior knee laxity (AKL) across the menstrual cycle have been reported, the effects of cyclic knee laxity changes on the underlying characteristics of the load-displacement (stiffness) curve generated during anterior loading of the tibia relative to the femur are relatively unknown.

Objective
To describe the anterior load-displacement curve during anterior loading of the tibia relative to the femur using incremental stiffnesses and to compare underlying stiffness measures between days of the cycle when AKL is at its minimum and maximum.

Design
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting
University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Fifty-seven recreationally active women.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Anterior knee laxity and 6 incremental stiffness measures (N/mm) were obtained with an instrumented knee arthrometer on days 1–6 of menses and days 0–8 postovulation during 2 consecutive menstrual cycles. Participants were then classified in tertiles based on the maximum change (difference between maximum and minimum) in AKL, and incremental stiffness was compared on days of minimum versus maximum laxity between the lowest (&lt;1.24 mm cyclic laxity change = laxity “nonresponders” [n = 19]) and highest (&gt;1.75 mm cyclic laxity change = laxity “responders” [n = 19]) tertiles.

Results
All participants displayed decreasing stiffness initially (0–20 N &gt; 20–40 N and 40–60 N), followed by incrementally increasing stiffness (40–60 N &lt; 60–80 N &lt; 80–100 N &lt; 100–130 N) (P ≤ .05). Responders demonstrated decreased stiffness between the days of minimum and maximum AKL at the 10–130-N increment versus the 0–20-N and 20–40-N increments (P ≤ .05); nonresponders had no change in stiffness.

Conclusions
Participants who experienced larger magnitudes of cyclic changes in AKL also experienced decreases in terminal (100–130 N) stiffness during anterior knee joint loading. Decreases in incremental stiffness at higher anterior directed loads may adversely affect passive restraint systems, resulting in altered arthrokinematics during functional activity.