bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic structuring of radiology reports with on-premise open-source large language models
Authors: Woźnicki Piotr , Laqua Caroline , Fiku Ina , Hekalo Amar , Truhn Daniel , Engelhardt Sandy , Kather Jakob , Foersch Sebastian , D’Antonoli Tugba Akinci , Pinto dos Santos Daniel , Baeßler Bettina , Laqua Fabian Christopher 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Structured reporting enhances comparability, readability, and content detail. Large language models (LLMs) could convert free text into structured data without disrupting radiologists’ reporting workflow. This study evaluated an on-premise, privacy-preserving LLM for automatically structuring free-text radiology reports.

Materials and methods
We developed an approach to controlling the LLM output, ensuring the validity and completeness of structured reports produced by a locally hosted Llama-2-70B-chat model. A dataset with de-identified narrative chest radiograph (CXR) reports was compiled retrospectively. It included 202 English reports from a publicly available MIMIC-CXR dataset and 197 German reports from our university hospital. Senior radiologist prepared a detailed, fully structured reporting template with 48 question-answer pairs. All reports were independently structured by the LLM and two human readers. Bayesian inference (Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling) was used to estimate the distributions of Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), with [−0.05, 0.05] as the region of practical equivalence (ROPE).

Results
The LLM generated valid structured reports in all cases, achieving an average MCC of 0.75 (94% HDI: 0.70–0.80) and F1 score of 0.70 (0.70–0.80) for English, and 0.66 (0.62–0.70) and 0.68 (0.64–0.72) for German reports, respectively. The MCC differences between LLM and humans were within ROPE for both languages: 0.01 (−0.05 to 0.07), 0.01 (−0.05 to 0.07) for English, and −0.01 (−0.07 to 0.05), 0.00 (−0.06 to 0.06) for German, indicating approximately comparable performance.

Conclusion
Locally hosted, open-source LLMs can automatically structure free-text radiology reports with approximately human accuracy. However, the understanding of semantics varied across languages and imaging findings.

Key Points
QuestionWhy has structured reporting not been widely adopted in radiology despite clear benefits and how can we improve this?
FindingsA locally hosted large language model successfully structured narrative reports, showing variation between languages and findings.
Critical relevanceStructured reporting provides many benefits, but its integration into the clinical routine is limited. Automating the extraction of structured information from radiology reports enables the capture of structured data while allowing the radiologist to maintain their reporting workflow.
Associations between pre-operative cholesterol levels with long-term survival after colorectal cancer surgery: a nationwide propensity score–matched cohort study
Authors: Löffler Lea , Mashkoor Maliha , Gögenur Ismail , Gögenur Mikail 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Altered lipid metabolism frequently occurs in patients with solid cancers and dyslipidemia has been associated with poorer outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer. This study sought to investigate whether cholesterol levels are associated with clinical outcomes and can serve as survival predictors.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study with Danish patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer who had surgery with curative intent for UICC stages I to III between 2015 and 2020. Using propensity score adjustment, we matched patients in a 1:1 ratio to examine the impact of total cholesterol (TC) > 4 mmol/L vs. ≤ 4 mmol/L within 365 days prior to surgery on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

Results
A total of 3443 patients were included in the study. Median follow-up time was 3.8 years. Following propensity score matching, 1572 patients were included in the main analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in OS or DFS between patients with TC > 4 mmol/L compared with TC ≤ 4 mmol/L (HR: 0.82, 95% CI, 0.65–1.03, HR: 0.87, 95% CI, 0.68–1.12, respectively.). A subgroup analysis investigating TC > 4 mmol/L as well as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) > 3 mmol/L found a significant correlation with OS (HR: 0.74, 95% CI, 0.54–0.99).

Conclusion
TC levels alone were not associated with OS or DFS in patients with colorectal cancer. Interestingly, higher TC and LDL levels were linked to better overall survival, suggesting the need for further exploration of cholesterol's role in colorectal cancer.

Trial registration
Not applicable.
Outcomes of robotic surgery for inflammatory bowel disease using the Medtronic Hugo™ Robotic-Assisted Surgical platform: a single center experience
Authors: Rottoli Matteo , Cardelli Stefano , Calini Giacomo , Alexa Ioana Diana , Violante Tommaso , Poggioli Gilberto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to compare the perioperative outcomes of patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who underwent surgery performed through laparoscopy or using the Medtronic Hugo™ RAS.

Methods
This is a retrospective study from a prospectively maintained database comparing laparoscopic vs. robotic-assisted surgery for IBD from 01/11/2017 to 15/04/2024. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon robotic-naïve with a large experience in laparoscopic surgery for IBD. The robotic procedures were performed using the Medtronic Hugo™ RAS platform. Outcomes were 30-day postoperative complications, operative time, conversion rate, intraoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and readmission rate.

Results
Among 121 consecutive patients, 80 underwent laparoscopic (LG) and 41 robotic-assisted surgery (RG). Baseline, preoperative and disease-specific characteristics were comparable except for older age (50 [38–56] vs. 38 [28–54] years; p = 0.05) and higher albumin level (42 [40–44] vs. 40 [38–42] g/L, p = 0.006) in the RG. The intracorporeal anastomosis was more frequent in the RG (80% vs. 6%; p < 0.001) with longer operative time (240 vs. 205 min; p = 0.006), while the conversion rate was not different (5% vs. 10%, p = 0.49). Surgical procedure types were equally distributed between the two groups, and the rate of intra-abdominal septic complication (IASC) was comparable across the different procedures. Postoperative complications were similar, including the rate of IASC (5% vs. 5%, p = 1), postoperative ileus (5% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.71), bleeding (2% vs. 5%, p = 0.66), and Clavien-Dindo > 2 complications (7% vs. 6%; p = 1).

Conclusion
IBD surgery performed using the Medtronic Hugo™ RAS is safe and feasible, with similar postoperative outcomes when compared to the laparoscopic approach.
Rhythm and rate control strategies in patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation treated with cardiac resynchronization: the results of the randomized Pilot-CRAfT study
Authors: Ciszewski Jan B. , Tajstra Mateusz , Kowalik Ilona , Maciąg Aleksander , Chwyczko Tomasz , Jankowska Agnieszka , Smolis-Bąk Edyta , Firek Bohdan , Zając Dariusz , Karwowski Jarosław , Szwed Hanna , Pytkowski Mariusz , Gąsior Mariusz , Sterliński Maciej 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) recipients. It is a marker of impaired CRT response mainly mediated by the reduction of effectively captured biventricular paced beats (BiVp). There are no randomized trials comparing strategies to maintain high BiVp percentage.

Objective
To compare the efficacy of rhythm vs rate control strategies in CRT recipients with long-standing persistent AF.

Methods
We performed a randomized trial including CRT recipients with persistent AF resulting in low BiVp%. All patients received amiodarone, the rhythm control group received external electrical cardioversion (EC), and the rate control group received atrioventricular node ablation, if needed. The primary end-point was 12-month BiVp% (NCT).

Results
43 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 68.4 (SD: ± 8.3) years and the mean BiVp% 82.4% ± 9.7%. AF lasted 25 ± 19 months. The mean baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrium area, and the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were: 30 ± 8%, 33 ± 7 cm2, and 14 ± 5 mL/(kg*min), respectively. The EC success rate was 58%. 38% patients remained in sinus rhythm (SR) after 12 months. BiVp% increased similarly in both arms reaching 99% [95% CI 97.3–99.8] and 98% [94.0–99.0], P = 0.14 in rhythm and rate control groups, respectively. LVEF raised significantly only in the rhythm control group (ΔLVEF 4.1 (± 7.3), P = 0,018) which was driven by the patients who maintained SR. No differences in VO2max, QoL, clinical and safety end-points were observed.

Conclusion
Despite comparable BiVp% in both groups, only restoration of SR led to improved left ventricular ejection fraction in CRT patients with long-standing AF.

Trial registration
NCT01850277 registered on 22/04/2013.
Quality of life under treatment with the immune checkpoint inhibitors ipilimumab and nivolumab in melanoma patients. Real-world data from a prospective observational study at the Skin Cancer Center Kiel
Authors: Grote Carolin , Bohne Ann-Sophie , Blome Christine , Kähler Katharina C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Combined immunotherapy (ipilimumab + nivolumab) has improved survival in stage IV melanoma patients, making Health-related Quality of Life (HrQoL) crucial due to potential immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Previous studies treated HrQoL as secondary/explorative endpoint, and no specific HrQoL questionnaire for melanoma patients on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy exists. This study aimed to gather specific HrQoL data during combined ICI therapy, tracking changes during and after treatment, and examining associations with gender, irAEs, and treatment response.

Methods
35 melanoma patients (22 males, 13 females) undergoing combined ICI were surveyed using the Short-form 36 questionnaire (SF-36), the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire – Deutsch (IBDQ-D), and the distress thermometer (DT). HrQoL was evaluated during treatment, after six months, and at the onset of autoimmune colitis.

Results
irAEs occurred in 51.4% of patients, with colitis being the most common (26.1%). 45.7% had progressive disease. SF-36 showed stable HrQoL during treatment and follow-up. Women had worse HrQoL on the physical component scale than men (p = 0.019). Patients with progression showed worse HrQoL over time in physical (p = 0.015) and mental health scales (p = 0.04). IBDQ-D showed constant HrQoL throughout treatment and follow-up. Distress on DT remained constant, with women reporting higher levels of distress.

Conclusion
HrQoL remained stable during and after therapy. Female gender and disease progression negatively impacted HrQoL. The development of irAEs was not associated with HrQoL, though this may not apply to severe irAEs like colitis, which were not assessed.
Protoporphyrin IX iron(II) revisited. An overview of the Mössbauer spectroscopic parameters of low-spin porphyrin iron(II) complexes
Authors: Silver Jack , den Engelsen Daniel , al-Jaff Golzar , Taies Jehad A. , Wilson Michael T. , Fern George R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMössbauer parameters of low-spin six-coordinate [Fe(II)(Por)L2] complexes (where Por is a synthetic porphyrin; L is a nitrogenous aliphatic, an aromatic base or a heterocyclic ligand, a P-bonding ligand, CO or CN) and low-spin [Fe(Por)LX] complexes (where L and X are different ligands) are reported. A known point charge calculation approach was extended to investigate how the axial ligands and the four porphyrinato-N atoms generate the observed quadrupole splittings (ΔEQ) for the complexes. Partial quadrupole splitting (p.q.s.) and partial chemical shifts (p.c.s.) values were derived for all the axial ligands, and porphyrins reported in the literature. The values for each porphyrin are different emphasising the importance/uniqueness of the [Fe(PPIX)] moiety, (which is ubiquitous in nature). This new analysis enabled the construction of figures relating p.c.s and p.q.s values. The relationships presented in the figures indicates that strong field ligands such as CO can, and do change the sign of the electric field gradient in the [Fe(II)(Por)L2] complexes. The limiting p.q.s. value a ligand can have and still form a six-coordinate low-spin [Fe(II)(Por)L2] complex is established. It is shown that the control the porphyrin ligands exert on the low-spin Fe(II) atom limits its bonding to a defined range of axial ligands; outside this range the spin state of the iron is unstable and five-coordinate high-spin complexes are favoured. Amongst many conclusions, it was found that oxygen cannot form a stable low-spin [Fe(II)(Por)L(O2)] complex and that oxy-haemoglobin is best described as an [Fe(III)(Por)L(O2−)] complex, the iron is ferric bound to the superoxide molecule.
Graphical abstract
Platelet-rich fibrin as a hemostatic agent in dental extractions in patients taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet medication: a systematic review
Authors: Katz Marie Sophie , Ooms Mark , Heitzer Marius , Steiner Timm , Bock Anna , Peters Florian , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate whether platelet-rich-fibrin (PRF) is effective in preventing postoperative bleeding after dental extractions in patients on anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy compared to stitches alone and different hemostatic agents.

Materials and methods
This systematic review was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (registration number CRD42024562289). Two authors independently performed searches in several databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS.

Results
In total, 789 studies were identified, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria after full-text screening. Four studies evaluated the efficiency of PRF in patients on antiplatelet therapy, and seven studies analyzed its hemostatic effect in patients on anticoagulants. All studies showed sufficient hemostasis when PRF was used, but due to heterogeneity meta-analysis was not possible.

Conclusions
Despite the use of different protocols and control groups, PRF treatment seems to be superior to only stitches and inferior to chitosan dressings concerning the time of hemostasis. Additionally, PRF seems to be beneficial in terms of faster wound healing and less postoperative pain.

Clinical relevance
PRF is known to enhance soft tissue healing and reduce postoperative pain. As a fully autologous platelet concentrate, it can support hemostasis after dental extractions in patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy. This systematic review aims to provide an update of the existing literature on PRF and its hemostatic capacity in patients with blood thinning medication.
Platelet-rich plasma as an adjuvant therapy to fractional ablative carbon dioxide lasers for cutaneous repair: a complementary treatment for atrophic acne scarring
Authors: Gaumond Simonetta I. , Abdin Rama , Yaghi Marita , Mahmoud Rami H. , Rodriguez Mario , Eber Ariel E. , Jimenez Joaquin J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Acne has a prevalence of over 90% among adolescents, and subsequently progresses to acne scarring in approximately 47% of cases. Due to the severe psychological and social ramifications acne scarring has on patients, there is a need for more effective treatments. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an autologous preparation enriched with growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, has shown efficacy in promoting wound healing and tissue remodeling in dermatology. Recent evidence suggests that the efficacy of PRP may be enhanced when combined with laser therapy, which induces controlled tissue damage through photo-thermolysis thereby promoting tissue remodeling and epidermal regeneration. The microchannels created by laser treatments are thought to allow deeper penetration of PRP into the skin, potentially increasing its therapeutic effects. This review aims to analyze the combined use of PRP and laser therapy for treating acne scarring by examining randomized control trials from the past decade indexed on PubMed. Six studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The findings of this review support the hypothesis that combining PRP with laser therapy offers superior clinical results compared to monotherapy, providing a more effective approach to managing acne scarring.
A systematic review of computer vision-based personal protective equipment compliance in industry practice: advancements, challenges and future directions
Authors: Vukicevic Arso M. , Petrovic Milos , Milosevic Pavle , Peulic Aleksandar , Jovanovic Kosta , Novakovic Aleksandar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractComputerized compliance of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is an emerging topic in academic literature that aims to enhance workplace safety through the automation of compliance and prevention of PPE misuse (which currently relies on manual employee supervision and reporting). Although trends in the scientific literature indicate a high potential for solving the compliance problem by employing computer vision (CV) techniques, the practice has revealed a series of barriers that limit their wider applications. This article aims to contribute to the advancement of CV-based PPE compliance by providing a comparative review of high-level approaches, algorithms, datasets, and technologies used in the literature. The systematic review highlights industry-specific challenges, environmental variations, and computational costs related to the real-time management of PPE compliance. The issues of employee identification and identity management are also discussed, along with ethical and cybersecurity concerns. Through the concept of CV-based PPE Compliance 4.0, which encapsulates PPE, human, and company spatio-temporal variabilities, this study provides guidelines for future research directions for addressing the identified barriers. The further advancements and adoption of CV-based solutions for PPE compliance will require simultaneously addressing human identification, pose estimation, object recognition and tracking, necessitating the development of corresponding public datasets.
Preschool Teachers’ Experiences of Using Projected Images and Videos in Attempted Play-responsive Science Teaching
Authors: Lund Kristina , Redfors Andreas , Jonsson Agneta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhen preschool teachers attempt to initiate play-responsive science teaching, opportunities arise to develop or challenge the play further, for example, by introducing or focusing on science content. The aim of this article is to generate knowledge about how projected images and videos can be used in attempted play-responsive science teaching and what they can contribute to. Eleven preschool teachers participated in a Continuous Professional Development project about play-responsive teaching and science. Participating preschool teachers’ discussions about using projected images or videos in attempted play-responsive science teaching was thematically analysed. Three main themes have been developed: content of the projected image or video, different ways of using projected images or videos, and reasons for using a projected image or video in attempted play-responsive science teaching. Results show that projections could be used as support in play, e.g., when imagining being in another place, like under the surface of the ocean or as a way of introducing science concepts in play. Play-responsive science teaching with support of projected images and videos is found to be a threefold challenge for the preschool teachers, encompassing knowledge about play, science, and digital tools. The important role of preschool teachers in making the projections become a part of play-responsive science teaching is discussed.
A Multi-Organizational Network’s Evolving Efforts to Diversify the STEM Professoriate
Authors: Olson Travis H. , Breen Stephanie M. , Gonzales Leslie D. , Griffin Kimberly A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMulti-organizational networks are increasingly understood as powerful levers for inducing change in higher education, particularly for fostering more diverse and inclusive organizations. Yet, there is limited scholarship on how these networks successfully change colleges and universities. This case study follows the evolution of one network effort, tracing how its theory of action changed over time. Through a close examination of semi-structured interviews and case-related artifacts, we generated a rich picture of network leadership, learning, and implementation. Future network leaders and funders will find this work useful. Scholars, too, will find that our work responds to numerous calls to examine how data-driven and equity-focused change efforts are successfully sustained in postsecondary education.
Emergence and Rapid Diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei Infections in Renal Transplant Recipients by Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Xing Fanfan , Deng Chaowen , Zou Shan , Tsang Chi-Ching , Lo Simon K. F. , Lau Susanna K. P. , Woo Patrick C. Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the last few years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a technology for laboratory diagnosis of many culture-negative infections and slow-growing microorganisms. In this study, we describe the use of metagenomic NGS (mNGS) for rapid diagnosis of T. marneffei infection in a 37-year-old renal transplant recipient who presented with chronic pneumonia syndrome. Bronchoalveolar lavage for mNGS was positive for T. marneffei sequence reads. Prolonged incubation of the bronchoalveolar lavage revealed T. marneffei colonies after 6 days of incubation. Analysis of 23 cases of T. marneffei infections in renal transplant recipients from the literature revealed that the number of cases ranged from 1 to 4 cases per five years from 1990 to 2020; but increased rapidly to 9 cases from 2021 to 2023, with 7 of them diagnosed by NGS. Twenty of the 23 cases were from T. marneffei-endemic areas [southern part of mainland China (n = 9); Hong Kong (n = 4); northeastern India (n = 2); Indonesia (n = 1) and Taiwan (n = 4)]. For the 3 patients from non-T. marneffei-endemic areas [United Kingdom (n = 2) and Australia (n = 1)], they had travel histories to China and Vietnam respectively. The time taken for diagnosis by mNGS [median 1 (range 1 to 2) day] was significantly shorter than that for fungal culture [median 6 (range 3 to 15) days] (P = 0.002). mNGS is useful for picking up more cases of T. marneffei infections in renal transplant recipients as well as providing a rapid diagnosis. Talaromycosis is an emerging fungal infection in renal transplant recipients.