bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Unusual Electron–Phonon Interaction and Quasi‐Particle Dynamics in type‐II Weyl Semimetal NbIrTe4
Authors: Sun Kaiwen , Liu Xiangqi , Wang Chen , Lin Xian , Suo Peng , Guo Yanfeng , Ma Guohong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLayered ternary type‐II Weyl semimetals demonstrate promising applications in high‐performance and broadband optoelectronics, therefore it is crucial to gain insights into their photocarriers’ dynamics. In this work, the probing polarization dependence of non‐equilibrium dynamics in NbIrTe4 is investigated by using transient reflectivity spectroscopy. Following photoexcitation at 3.18 eV, the dynamical response of 1.59 eV probe pulse exhibits a strong dependence on probe polarization. The relaxation comprises two components: a rapid recovery of ≈0.6 ps attributed to the electron–phonon scattering, and an anomalous slow recovery spanning hundreds of picoseconds attributed to the photoinduced quasi‐particle. The polarization dependence of rapid relaxation time τ is indicative of the in‐plane anisotropy of electron–phonon coupling in NbIrTe4. The slow relaxation modulated by a latest reported 16 cm−1 coherent phonon also shows strong probing polarization dependence, further revealing the anisotropic nature of electron–phonon coupling and the possibility of anisotropic lattice distortion, as well as photoinduced polaron, under ultrafast photoexcitation in NbIrTe4. The dynamical anisotropy in NbIrTe4 has provided valuable guidance for the application of NbIrTe4 in polarization‐sensitive nonlinear optics or optoelectronic devices and offers insights into the unique carrier transport as well as phonon transport properties of this newly established topological material.
An Empirical Examination of BuyBox Assignments in Online Grocery Retail
Authors: Etumnu Chinonso E. , Malone Trey 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn Amazon's marketplaces across the globe, multiple sellers sell the same product, leading Amazon to introduce BuyBox. This box‐like feature, located on the top‐right corner of product pages, prominently displays a single seller at a given time. Using a choice model and a panel dataset of over 290,000 unique grocery products from five countries, our study investigates the key factors that influence BuyBox assignments. We found that winning the BuyBox is primarily determined by competitive pricing—being the lowest‐price seller for a 180‐day period significantly improves the chances of a BuyBox assignment. Furthermore, maintaining low current product prices, low sales ranks, and minimal out‐of‐stock percentages are crucial in becoming a BuyBox seller. These findings affect Amazon and its extensive network of over 2 million third‐party sellers, who navigate the increasingly competitive and dynamic E‐commerce landscape.
Anticancer Tetranuclear Cu(I) Complex Catalyzes a Click Reaction to Synthesize a Chemotherapeutic Agent in situ to Achieve Targeted Dual‐Agent Combination Therapy for Cancer
Authors: Man Xueyu , Li Wenjuan , Zhu Minghui , Li Shanhe , Xu Gang , Zhang Zhenlei , Liang Hong , Yang Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo develop next‐generation metal‐based drugs and dual‐drug combination therapy for cancer, we proposed to develop a copper (Cu) complex that exerts anticancer function by integrating chemotherapy, immunotherapy and catalyzes a click reaction for the in situ synthesis of a chemotherapeutic agent, thereby achieving targeted dual‐agent combination therapy. We designed and synthesized a tetranuclear Cu(I) complex (Cu4) with remarkable cytotoxicity and notable catalytic ability for the in situ synthesis of a chemotherapeutic agent via Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne 1,3‐cycloaddition (CuAAC). We also constructed an apoferritin (AFt)‐Cu4 nanoparticles (NPs) delivery system. Aft‐Cu4 NPs not only showed an enhanced performance of tumor growth inhibition, but also improved the targeting ability and reduced the systemic toxicity of Cu4 in vivo. Importantly, the anticancer effect was enhanced by combining the Aft‐Cu4 NPs with the resveratrol analogue obtained from the CuAAC reaction in situ. Finally, we revealed the anticancer mechanism of the Cu4/Aft‐Cu4 NPs, which involves both cuproptosis and cuproptosis‐induced systemic immune response.
Reaktivität in Molekularen Gefäßen: Beschleunigungsmodi und Arten der Erzielbaren Selektivität
Authors: Syntrivanis Leonidas‐Dimitrios , Tiefenbacher Konrad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEs gibt ein zunehmendes Interesse an der Entdeckung und Anwendung von molekularen Gefäßen ‐ supramolekularen Wirtsstrukturen, die organische Reaktionen katalysieren können. Molekulare Gefäße, die an Enzyme erinnern, weil sie einen Hohlraum besitzen, der einer aktiven Bindungstasche ähnelt, können komplexe katalytische Mechanismen aufweisen und in vielen Fällen eine Selektivität ermöglichen, die in regulärer Lösung nicht erreicht werden kann. In diesem Übersichtsartikel versuchen wir, die immer vielfältigeren Beispiele durch eine zweiteilige Struktur zu organisieren. Im ersten Teil geben wir einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Beschleunigungsmodi, die in molekularen Gefäßen wirken, während wir im zweiten Teil anhand ausgewählter Beispiele die verschiedenen Arten von Selektivität aufzeigen, die durch den Einsatz von molekularen Gefäßen erreicht werden können. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf Beispiele gelegt, die für aktuelle Herausforderungen in der synthetischen organischen Chemie relevant sind. Wir sind der Meinung, dass diese Struktur das Gebiet zugänglicher macht und so die Entwicklung neuer Anwendungen von molekularen Gefäßen anregen wird.
Nonconventional Fluorescent Non‐Isocyanate Polyurethane Foams for Multipurpose Sensing Applications
Authors: Mahapatra Manas , Bourguignon Maxime , Grignard Bruno , Vandevenne Marylène , Galleni Moreno , Detrembleur Christophe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFluorescent foams with interconnected pores are attractive for the detection and quantification of various products. However, many fluorescent probes are suffering from aggregation‐caused fluorescence quenching in their solid/aggregated state, are costly, and/or not straightforward to incorporate in foams, limiting their utility for this application. Herein, non‐isocyanate polyurethane foams, prepared by the simple water‐induced self‐blowing process, present a nonconventional fluorescence behaviour, i.e. they are intrinsically fluorescent with a multicolor emission without requiring ex situ traditional fluorescent probes. These foams demonstrate utility for capturing‐sensing gaseous formaldehyde (an emblematic indoor air pollutant), as well as for detecting and quantifying various metal ions (Fe2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Hg2+). They are also able to selectively sense tetracycline antibiotic in a ratiometric way with a high sensitivity. By exploiting the unique multicolor photoluminescent foam properties, a smartphone‐compatible device is used for the facile antibiotic quantification. This nonconventional fluorescence behaviour is discussed experimentally and theoretically, and is mainly based on clusteroluminescence originating from multiple hydrogen bonding and hetero‐atomic sub‐luminophores, thus from aggregation‐induced emission luminogens that are naturally present in the foams. This work illustrates that easily accessible non‐conventional fluorescent NIPU foams characterized by a modular emission wavelength have an enormous potential for multiple substrates detection and quantification.
Reactivity Inside Molecular Flasks: Acceleration Modes and Types of Selectivity Obtainable
Authors: Syntrivanis Leonidas‐Dimitrios , Tiefenbacher Konrad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the discovery and application of molecular flasks–supramolecular host structures capable of catalyzing organic reactions. Reminiscent of enzymes due to possessing a host cavity akin to an active site, molecular flasks can exhibit complex catalytic mechanisms and in many cases provide selectivity not achievable in bulk solvent. In this Review, we aim to organize the increasingly diverse examples through a two‐part structure. In part one, we provide an overview of the different acceleration modes that operate within molecular flasks, while in part two we showcase, through selected examples, the different types of selectivity that are obtainable through the use of molecular flasks. Particular attention is given to examples that are relevant to current challenges in synthetic organic chemistry. We believe that this structure makes the field more approachable and thus will stimulate the development of novel applications of molecular flasks.
Selectivity Modulation of Multistep Reduction Reactions by Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Zhang Jing‐Zheng , Zhang Yi‐Bao , Chai Hui‐Li , Luo Hui‐Ling , Du Chen‐Xia , Huang Ren‐Wu , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe selective synthesis of valuable azo‐ and azoxyaromatic chemicals via transfer coupling of nitroaromatic compounds has been achieved by fine‐tuning the catalyst structure. Here, a direct method to modulate nitrobenzene reduction and selectively alter the product from azobenzene to azoxybenzene by employing the size effect of Au is reported. Au nanoclusters (NCs) with smaller sizes embedded in ZIF‐8 controllably converted nitrobenzene into azoxybenzene, while supported Au nanoparticles (NPs) selectively catalyzed nitrobenzene reduction to azobenzene. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy on CO adsorption (CO‐DRIFTS) of Au NC/ZIF‐8 revealed a higher valence state and a lower electron density of Au than that of Au NP/ZIF‐8, combined with the desorption of azoxybenzene from the Au NC and Au NP surface, suggesting that the Au NCs with lower electron density exhibit stronger adsorption. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and charge density difference maps indicated that azoxybenzene bonded to Au NC/ZIF‐8 with greater adsorption energy, resulting in more electron transfer between azoxybenzene and the generated Au sites, which inhibited further reduction of azoxybenzene and resulted in high azoxybenzene selectivity. The application of the size effect of Au particles to regulate nitrobenzene transfer coupling provided new insights into the structure‐selectivity relationships.
Direct C3−H Alkylation and Alkenylation of Quinolines with Enones
Authors: Xu Liqing , Wang Xu , Yang Dezhi , Yang Xiaolong , Wang Dong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConversion of quinoline C−H bonds into C−C bonds is essential for obtaining the enormous array of derivatives required for pharmaceutical and agrochemical development. Despite over a century of synthetic efforts, direct alkylation and alkenylation at C3−H positions in a wide array of quinoline precursors remain predominantly challenging and elusive. This report outlines the first successful quinoline C3−H alkylation and alkenylation reactions, exhibiting exceptional regio‐ and stereoselectivity, all achieved under redox‐neutral and transition‐metal‐free conditions. The method involves a three‐step, one‐pot or two‐pot sequence, including 1,4‐dearomative addition, functionalization at C3, and elimination or transalkylation to produce 3‐alkylated/alkenylated quinolines. The presence of a carbonyl group in these products allows for further synthetic manipulations, enabling the production of cyanides, amides, amines, and simple alkyl derivatives.
The need to identify anatomy‐related competencies in medical education
Authors: Syed Abd Halim Syarifah Aisyah , Yusoff Muhamad Saiful Bahri , Yaman Mohamad Nurman , Roslan Nurhanis Syazni , Tengku Muda Tg Fatimah Murniwati , Ramli Ramiza Ramza , Kadir Fairrul , Hadie Siti Nurma Hanim 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA profound grasp of anatomy is indispensable for shaping competent and safe medical practitioners. This knowledge acquisition is pivotal in the early stages of medical education and remains crucial throughout clinical training. However, the evolving landscape of medical education has ushered in changes to the anatomy curriculum, marked by a reduction in contact hours and a streamlined content structure to accommodate novel subjects and teaching methodologies. This transformation has precipitated a quandary in defining the essential scope and depth of anatomical knowledge to be imparted. Traditionally, surgeons assumed the role of anatomy instructors until Flexner's recommendations catalyzed the integration of trained anatomists. Nevertheless, the varied backgrounds of anatomists and the heterogeneity in anatomy curricula across institutions have introduced potential disparities in the quality of graduates. Addressing these challenges mandates the identification of key anatomy competencies tailored for undergraduate medical students. The imperative lies in ensuring that these competencies span cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains, offering not only comprehensiveness but also direct applicability to clinical practice. Hence, this viewpoint highlights the necessity of adopting a systematic approach that includes gathering input from various stakeholders in developing and implementing a universal anatomy core competency framework, ensuring graduates are equipped for the multifaceted demands of clinical practice. Overall, the manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities in anatomy education, with a clear call to action for a transformative approach to meet the evolving needs of medical practice.
Catalyzing Knoevenagel Condensation and Radioiodine Sequestration with Tuned Porous Organic Polymers to Decipher the Role of Surface Area, Pore Volume, and Heteroatom
Authors: Chakraborty Argha , Sarkar Sayantan , Munjal Ritika , Majhi Jagannath , Bandyopadhyay Anasuya , Mukhopadhyay Suman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe impact of surface area, pore volume, and heteroatom type on the performance of porous organic polymers (POPs) in various applications remains unclear. To investigate this, three isoreticular POPs were employed having one common building block, resulting in varying surface areas, pore volumes, and heteroatom compositions. This study aimed to establish a correlation between the structural features of POPs (surface area, pore volume, and heteroatom type) with their adsorption capacity, and catalytic efficiency. To explore this relationship, the Knoevenagel condensation reaction was used as a model system, testing various substituted aldehydes to further validate our findings. Additionally, the capture of radioactive iodine vapor at 75 °C was simulated to examine the correlation with adsorption capacity, comparing the gravimetric iodine uptake capacity of each POP to gain insights into this relationship.
Synthesis of 5‐Seleno‐Substituted Spirocyclopenta[b]pyridine‐2,5‐dien‐4‐ones and Benzo[h]quinolines via Radical Cyclization of Arylethynylpyridines
Authors: Bartz Ricardo H. , Santos Rafaela R. S. A. , Hellwig Paola S. , Silva Márcio S. , Lenardão Eder J. , Jacob Raquel G. , Perin Gelson 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA practical strategy for obtaining novel 5‐seleno‐substituted spirocyclopenta[b]pyridines‐2,5‐dien‐4‐ones and benzo[h]quinolines via radical cyclization is reported. The synthetic protocol explores the reaction between arylethynylpyridines and diorganyl diselenides in acetonitrile as solvent and Oxone® as oxidant at 82 °C. This easy‐to‐handle, eco‐friendly metal‐free approach was carried out under an open atmosphere, affording functionalized organoselenium compounds in good to excellent yields. Control experiments and scale‐up test were performed to demonstrate the efficiency of this methodology.
Fractional‐order fixed‐time sliding mode control of robotic manipulators with robust exact differentiator
Authors: Wang Xinsheng , Jiang Bin , Yao Tong , Zhang Huaqiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a robust position tracking control structure of exoskeleton robots (ERs). An open environment and body flexibility are the main challenges in ER control system design. First, a fractional‐order nonsingular terminal sliding mode (FONTSM) controller is proposed for a robotic manipulator with uncertainty, where lumped unknown dynamics are computed by time‐delay estimation (TDE). Secondly, a robust exact differentiator (RED) is employed as the output feedback observer for the velocity sensorless robotic system. Thirdly, the stability of the FONTSM control system is demonstrated. It is proved that the system error can move to the specified value along the sliding mode surface at a fixed time and can reach the sliding mode surface after a finite time. Finally, simulations on a 2‐DOF robotic manipulator show the effectiveness of the fixed‐time control strategies. When a combined trigonometric function disturbance is applied, the joint angle error is reduced to 1% by the model‐free controller based on output feedback within approximately 1 s.
Challenges and Prospects of Electrolyte Design for Lithium‐Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Batteries
Authors: Ma Tao , Tao Zhanliang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) is regarded as a promising organic sulphur cathode material for lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. It undergoes a solid‐solid conversion without forming polysulfide intermediate phases, overcoming the poor electrochemical performance caused by the shuttle effect of elemental S cathodes. However, realizing this unique conversion mechanism requires employing appropriate electrolytes. Furthermore, the direct application of metallic Li as the anode unavoidable introduces a series of issues triggered by Li dendrites in Li‐SPAN batteries, such as low lifespan, short circuits, fire, etc. In this review, we endeavor to encapsulate recent advancements in electrolyte research, with a particular focus on the intrinsic relationship between the solvation structure of the electrolyte and the interfacial chemistry of the Li anode and SPAN electrode, aim to provide insights into the electrolytes design for high performance Li‐SPAN full batteries.
Development of an automated high‐content immunofluorescence assay of pSmads quantification: Proof‐of‐concept with drugs inhibiting the BMP/TGF‐β pathways
Authors: Khodr Valia , Clauzier Laura , Machillot Paul , Sales Adrià , Migliorini Elisa , Picart Catherine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and transforming growth factors (TGF‐β) are members of the TGF‐β superfamily, known for their roles in several physiological and pathological processes. These factors are known to bind in vivo to BMP and TGF‐β receptors, respectively, which induces the phosphorylation of Smad (pSmad) transcription factors. This pathway is generally studied with Western blot and luciferase bioluminescence assay, which presents some limitations.PurposeIn this work, we developed and optimized a high‐throughput assay to study pSmad pathways using immunofluorescence (IF) as an alternative to Western blot. We aimed to overcome the technical challenges usually faced in the classical IF assay in image acquisition, analysis, and quantification.MethodsWe used C2C12 cells as a cellular model. The cells were stimulated with BMP‐2 and TGF‐β1 that were delivered either in solution (soluble) or via a biomaterial presenting the growth factor (GF), that is in a “matrix‐bound” manner. Image acquisition parameters, analysis methods, and quantification of pSmads using IF were optimized for cells cultured on two types of supports: on bare glass and on a biomimetic coating made by self‐assembly of the biopolymers hyaluronic acid and poly(l‐lysine), which was crosslinked and then loaded with the GFs.ResultsWe performed high‐content kinetic studies of pSmad expression for cells cultured in 96‐well microplates in response to soluble and matrix‐bound BMP‐2 and TGF‐β1. The detection limit of the IF‐based assay was found to be similar to Western blot. Additionally, we provide a proof‐of‐concept for drug testing using inhibitors of BMP and TGF‐β receptors, under conditions where specific signaling pathways are engaged via the ligand/receptor interactions. Altogether, our findings offer perspectives for future mechanistic studies on cell signaling and for studies at the single cell level using imaging methods.
Strategies to overcome mental health stigma: Insights and recommendations from young people with major depressive disorder (MDD)
Authors: Prizeman Katie , Weinstein Netta , McCabe Ciara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundYoung people with depression are met with stigma related to their mental health, which exacerbates loneliness, social isolation, and depression symptoms. While disclosing depression could improve one's mental health, stigma can also make social interactions more challenging and reduce the likelihood of receiving treatment. This research explored young people's experiences with stigma and recommendations for addressing it.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews conducted withN = 35 young people aged 18–25 years (Mage= 20.09) were analyzed with thematic analysis. Participants met the criteria for clinical depression using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (score >27) or had recently obtained a medical diagnosis (N = 18) of depression by a medical professional.ResultsParticipants faced stigma when deciding to disclose their depression, which fed into a vicious cycle influencing feelings of loneliness, social isolation, and withdrawal. Their recommendations for others to avoid this cycle can be summarized under three main themes: (1) Social affirmation: identify allies and build meaningful connections; (2) Self‐affirmation: build a constructive relationship with the self; and (3) Societal affirmation: structural changes are needed.ConclusionsThe current research indicates that social, self‐, and societal affirmation are considered important for reducing the detrimental impacts of stigma. Policies and programs are needed that provide mental health support to young people, and public awareness campaigns that guide young people to appropriate resources (i.e., support and intervention) via governmental public health bodies.