bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding the Influence of Anticipatory States on Visual Perception in the Presence of Temporal Distractors
Authors: Ede Freek Van , Chekroud Sammi R , Stokes Mark G , Nobre Anna C 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhile it has long been recognised that anticipatory states amplify early EEG responses to visual targets in humans, it remains unclear how such modulations relate to the actual content of the neural representation, and help prioritise targets among temporally competing distractor stimuli. Using multivariate orientation decoding of high temporal resolution EEG recordings, we first demonstrate that anticipation also increases the amount of stimulus-identity information contained in these early brain responses. By characterising the influence of temporally adjacent distractors on target identity decoding, we additionally reveal that anticipation does not just attenuate distractor interference on target representations but, instead, delay it. Enhanced target decoding and distractor resistance are further predicted by the attenuation of posterior 8-14 Hz alpha oscillations. These findings offer several novel insights into how anticipatory states shape neural representations in service of resolving sensory competition in time, and they highlight the potential of non-invasive multivariate electrophysiology to track cognitive influences on perception in tasks with rapidly changing displays.HighlightsAnticipatory states help resolve visual competition in timeAnticipation enhances early target coding and delays distractor interferenceAttenuated alpha oscillations also enhance target coding and distractor resistanceEEG decoding is a powerful tool for tracking percepts in rapidly changing displaysSignificance statementWhile the neural mechanisms by which anticipatory states help prioritise inputs that compete in space have received ample scientific investigation, the mechanisms by which the human brain accomplishes such prioritisation for inputs that compete in time remain less well understood. We used high temporal resolution EEG decoding to individuate (and track in time) neural information linked to visual target and distractors stimuli that were presented in close temporal proximity. This revealed that anticipatory states help resolve temporally competing percepts by a combination of enhanced target (but not distractor) coding as well as delayed interference on this target coding caused by temporally adjacent distractors – thus allocating a “protective temporal window” for high-fidelity target processing.
Identification of Genetically Important Individuals of the Rediscovered Floreana Galápagos Giant Tortoise (Chelonoidis elephantopus) Provide Founders for Species Restoration Program
Authors: Miller Joshua M. , Quinzin Maud C. , Poulakakis Nikos , Gibbs James P. , Beheregaray Luciano B. , Garrick Ryan C. , Russello Michael A. , Ciofi Claudio , Edwards Danielle L. , Hunter Elizabeth A. , Tapia Washington , Rueda Danny , Carrión Jorge , Valdivieso Andrés A. , Caccone Adalgisa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSpecies are being lost at an unprecedented rate due to human-driven environmental changes. The cases in which species declared extinct can be revived are rare. However, here we report that a remote volcano in the Galápagos Islands hosts many giant tortoises with high ancestry from a species previously declared as extinct:Chelonoidis elephantopusor the Floreana tortoise. Of 150 individuals with distinctive morphology sampled from the volcano, genetic analyses revealed that 65 hadC. elephantopusancestry and thirty-two were translocated from the volcano’s slopes to a captive breeding center. A genetically informed captive breeding program now being initiated will, over the next decades, returnC. elephantopus tortoises to Floreana Island to serve as engineers of the island’s ecosystems. Ironically, it was the haphazard translocations by mariners killing tortoises for food centuries ago that created the unique opportunity to revive this “lost” species today.
TauG-Guidance Of Neonatal Vocalizing
Authors: Lee David N , Obregon Mateo , Delafield-Butt Jonathan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA theory of action control (General Tau Theory) is applied to analyzing the vocalizations of human neonates. A central aspect of the theory, which is supported by experimental evidence across various actions and species, is that the trajectories of competent skilled actions follow a particular temporal pattern, which is described by the mathematical function, tauG. It was found that the acoustic waveform of vocalizations of healthy, full-term babies followed the tauG pattern with high precision. We conclude that healthy full-term neonates can be born with the ability to tauG-guide their vocalizations.
Aging as a defense strategy against parasites
Authors: Chin Richard Y. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe teleology of aging has been one of the more vexing and controversial question in biology. One potential evolutionary driver of programmed aging is selection pressure from parasites and other infectious organisms. While selection pressure from parasites and other infectious organisms have long been considered by many biologists to have led to the evolution of sexual reproduction, it has only rarely been considered as a potential driver for evolution of aging, a biological process that likely evolved contemporaneously with sexual reproduction. Here I describe stochastic simulations of host and parasite populations with senescence as an independent variable. The results show that populations with more rapid senescence bear lower parasite loads and oscillate more quickly through alternate phenotypes with differential resistance against parasites. I conclude that programmed aging and death may promote host evasion of parasites in a co-evolutionary competition against parasites.
The design and value of “early adopter” low-energy houses
Authors: Burke Maria 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to outline an early adopter “low energy” domestic dwelling, one of the social houses built by a collaboration between a university, the local council. The origins of this project are from the early days of interest in sustainable housing, the 1970s. The dwellings were innovative and built to what became known as “the Salford design” which performed to unusual specifications, using approximately 75 per cent less energy than the UK average for space heating and over 40 per cent less than for houses built to what were then the standard building regulations.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative and interpretative stance was deemed to be the most appropriate. Within that lens, interviews were chosen as the primary research instrument.

Findings
A marked feature of the results is the variation in energy consumption by different households. A Salford-designed house could be habitable throughout the year without any space heating at all, comfortable at 10 per cent and very comfortable at 25 per cent of normal consumption.

Originality/value
As there continues to be interest and commitment to reducing energy – not just from the United Kingdom but also on a worldwide scale – the United Nations Conference of the Parties known as COP 22 (2016) met in Morocco to take forward many of the initiatives outlined in the Paris Agreement 2015. It is of interest, then, that the latest set of interviews showed that the houses built to the innovative and original 1970s’ Salford design principles, protected by highly insulated well-sealed envelopes, are even presently functioning at a relatively low energy threshold.
Opportunity management in large projects: a case study of an infrastructure alliance project
Authors: Hietajärvi Anna-Maija , Aaltonen Kirsi , Haapasalo Harri 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This study aims to explore how to identify and manage opportunities successfully in a large multi-organizational infrastructure project. Large projects struggle with exploiting and capturing opportunities because of the lack of practices that support active and continuous opportunity management over the project lifecycle in inter-organizational project networks.

Design/methodology/approach
This study provides empirical evidence of a successful opportunity management process based on an investigation of an infrastructure alliance project. The adopted research approach is an inductive case study.

Findings
By analyzing an infrastructure alliance project, this paper identifies key activities of opportunity management and furthermore, discusses the enablers of active and continuous opportunity management.

Practical implications
This study supports practitioners by providing knowledge about the possibilities and activities that could be deployed during the project lifecycle to improve opportunity management process and about the enablers – factors that facilitate alliance partners’ capabilities to manage opportunities.

Originality/value
There is limited empirical research on the practices of opportunity management that support continuous, active opportunity management in inter-organizational project contexts, although multidisciplinary project networks have possibilities for taking advantage of opportunities that emerge over the project lifecycle.
Business apprenticeship: a viable business model in management education
Authors: Daly Peter 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to position the business apprenticeship model (a work-based learning model where student managers alternate between academic and workplace learning) at a political, institutional and student level in order to explain how it fits within the French business education landscape and how it is considered as a viable business model in management education.

Design/methodology/approach
Business apprenticeship is analysed through the prism of Osterwalder and Pigneur’s (2010) Business Model Canvas to evaluate the nine dimensions of the business model: customer segments, value proposition, customer channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partners and cost structure.

Findings
Two major advantages of the model are identified, namely, the potential for widening participation and affordability and three concerns are outlined: the corporate vision of the apprentice, the recent governmental reforms on funding this model, and the potential synergies between theory and practice.

Research limitations/implications
This paper is useful for all those who wish to develop an apprenticeship track within their business schools and for employers who are considering the development of apprenticeship partnerships with business schools.

Originality/value
This paper provides insight into business apprenticeship as a work-based learning model.
Recordkeeping and research data management: a review of perspectives
Authors: Grant Rebecca 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore a range of perspectives on the relationship between research data and records and between recordkeeping and research data management.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper discusses literature in the field of research data management as part of preliminary work for the author’s doctoral research on the topic. The literature included in the review reflects contemporary and historical perspectives on the management and preservation of research data.

Findings
Preliminary findings indicate that records professionals have been involved in the management and preservation of research data since the early twentieth century. In the literature, research data is described as comparable to records, and records professionals are widely acknowledged to have skills and expertise which are applicable to research data management. Records professionals are one of a number of professions addressing research data management. However, they are not currently considered to be leaders in research data management practice.

Originality/value
Research data management is an emerging challenge as stakeholders in the research lifecycle increasingly mandate the publication of open, transparent research. Recent developments such as the publication of the OCLC report “The Archival Advantage: Integrating Archival Expertise into Management of Born-digital Library Materials”, and the creation of the Research Data Alliance Interest Group Archives and Records Professionals for Research Data indicates that research data is, or can be, within the remit of records professionals. This paper represents a snapshot of contemporary and historical attitudes towards research data and recordkeeping and thus contributes to this emerging area of discussion.
Knowledge management in higher education institutions: enablers and barriers in Mauritius
Authors: Veer Ramjeawon Poonam , Rowley Jennifer 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to contribute to research on knowledge management in higher education institutions (HEIs), by studying the enablers and barriers to knowledge management in a country with a developing higher education sector, Mauritius.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior staff in the main public and private HEIs in Mauritius. Questions focused on knowledge management, including relevant barriers and enabling factors to knowledge creation, knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer.

Findings
Although participants were able to discuss knowledge management, none of the universities had a knowledge management strategy. Moreover, more barriers than enablers to knowledge management were identified. Barriers included: a lack of policies and reward mechanisms, resources, data, funding and time for research, coupled with frequent leadership changes, a lack of a knowledge-sharing culture and research repositories and weak industry–academia linkages. Enablers were perceived to be: qualified and experienced academic staff in public HEIs, information technology (IT) infrastructure and library/digital library and some incentives for knowledge creation and transfer.

Originality/value
Previous research on knowledge management in universities has focused on countries with a relatively well-developed higher education sector. This research contributes by focusing on the perceived barriers and enablers to knowledge management in a country with a small and developing higher education sector.
What it takes to be a superior college president
Authors: Friedman Hershey Harry , Kass-Shraibman Frimette 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine established leadership paradigms in the context of institutions of higher education. The old ways of running a college, which might have worked several decades ago, no longer work in the age of flux characterized by super-fast breakthroughs due to technology and the internet. Organizational change is especially difficult in academe where many faculty are tenured and satisfied with the status quo.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines and synthesizes the relevant literature in leadership and higher education administration, focusing on critical issues and recommendations to ensure the long-term viability and relevance of colleges and universities. It also describes meaningful metrics that should be monitored by university leaders to strengthen their institutions.

Findings
Some of the findings are as follows: the old ways of running an institution of higher learning need to be overhauled; colleges and universities need leaders who can transform their institutions into learning organizations where knowledge is shared; and leaders must have the ability to tap into their organization’s intellectual capital and creativity. In addition, several new metrics are needed for evaluating the leadership of a college of university, including vision, employee engagement, student satisfaction and image/reputation.

Originality/value
This study provides an original approach to reform colleges and universities and enable them to thrive in the age of chaos and disruption.
Effects of breeder turnover and harvest on group composition and recruitment in a social carnivore
Authors: Ausband David E. , Mitchell Michael S. , Waits Lisette P. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Breeder turnover can influence population growth in social carnivores through changes to group size, composition and recruitment.

Studies that possess detailed group composition data that can provide insights about the effects of breeder turnover on groups have generally been conducted on species that are not subject to recurrent annual human harvest. We wanted to know how breeder turnover affects group composition and how harvest, in turn, affects breeder turnover in cooperatively breeding grey wolves (Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758).

We used noninvasive genetic sampling at wolf rendezvous sites to construct pedigrees and estimate recruitment in groups of wolves before and after harvest in Idaho, USA.

Turnover of breeding females increased polygamy and potential recruits per group by providing breeding opportunities for subordinates although resultant group size was unaffected 1 year after the turnover. Breeder turnover had no effect on the number of nonbreeding helpers per group. After breeding male turnover, fewer female pups were recruited in the new males’ litters. Harvest had no effect on the frequency of breeder turnover.

We found that breeder turnover led to shifts in the reproductive hierarchies within groups and the resulting changes to group composition were quite variable and depended on the sex of the breeder lost. We hypothesize that nonbreeding females direct help away from non‐kin female pups to preserve future breeding opportunities for themselves. Breeder turnover had marked effects on the breeding opportunities of subordinates and the number and sex ratios of subsequent litters of pups. Seemingly subtle changes to groups, such as the loss of one individual, can greatly affect group composition, genetic content, and short‐term population growth when the individual lost is a breeder.
Parasite–microbiota interactions potentially affect intestinal communities in wild mammals
Authors: Aivelo Tuomas , Norberg Anna 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Detecting interaction between species is notoriously difficult, and disentangling species associations in host‐related gut communities is especially challenging. Nevertheless, due to contemporary methods, including metabarcoding and 16S sequencing, collecting observational data on community composition has become easier and much more common.

We studied the previously collected datasets of intestinal bacterial microbiota and parasite compositions within longitudinally followed mouse lemurs by analysing the potential interactions with diversity metrics and novel joint species distribution modelling.

Both methods showed statistical association between certain parasite species and bacterial microbiota composition. Unicellular Eimeria sp. had an effect on diversity of gut microbiota. The cestode Hymenolepis diminuta had negative associations with several bacterial orders, whereas closely related species Hymenolepis nana had positive associations with several bacterial orders.

Our results reveal potential interactions between some, but not all, intestinal parasites and gut bacterial microbiota. Host variables contributed over half of the total variation explained with the model, and sex was the most important single host variable; especially with microbiota, there were sex‐related differences in the community composition.

This study shows how joint species distribution modelling can incorporate both within‐host dynamics of several taxa and host characteristics to model potential interactions in intestinal community. These results provide new hypothesis for interactions between and among parasites and bacterial microbiota to be tested further with experimental studies.
Oncogenic role of neurotensin and neurotensin receptors in various cancers
Authors: Ouyang Qing , Zhou Ji , Yang Wei , Cui Hongjuan , Xu Minhui , Yi Liang 
Published: May 2017

SummaryNeurotensin (NTS) has long been recognized as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system and as an endocrine agent in the periphery via actions mediated through neurotensin receptors (NTSRs). Many studies support a role for NTS in the endocrine, autocrine and paracrine growth stimulation of cancer, with oncogenic actions described for NTS in different types of cancers and cancer cell lines at each step of cancer progression, ranging from tumour growth and survival to metastatic spread. The mechanisms underlying the effects of the NTS/NTSR system in cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as the anti‐apoptotic effects of this system, have been elucidated in different types of cancers, and include mitogen‐activated protein kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and RhoGTPases. The present mini review summarizes recent findings relating to the oncogenic function of the NTS/NTSR system.
Moderate‐to‐high normal levels of thyrotropin is a risk factor for urinary incontinence and an unsuitable quality of life in women over 65 years
Authors: Cuevas‐Romero Estela , Sánchez‐Cardiel Angélica , Zamora‐Gallegos Angélica M. , Cruz‐Lumbreras Rosalía , Corona‐Quintanilla Dora L. , Castelán Francisco , Martínez‐Gómez Margarita 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe present study aimed to investigate the relationship between normal serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH) and urinary incontinence (IU), urinary infections, and quality of life in old women. Euthyroid post‐menopausal women without sarcopenia, estrogen replacement, emotional illness, and/or cancer were enrolled as participants. Anthropometric indicators, serum glucose and estradiol, and thyroid profile were measured. Sociodemographic, clinical, physical activity, and quality of life (SF‐36) surveys were applied. One‐hour pad test and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ‐SF) were used to determineUI. Urinalysis was also done. In agreement with results from the pad test (cut‐off point ≥1.4 g), theICIQ‐SFreveled approximately 50% of incontinent women. A high percentage of women had moderate–high bacteriuria and urinary infections. Logistic regression analysis showed that age is a risk factor for bothUIand urinary infection. Diabetes, number of pregnancies or childbirths, urinary infections, and bacteriuria did not influence the presence ofUI. To allocate women into four groups according to their age (<65 or ≥65 years old) andTSHconcentrations (0.3‐1.9 or 2‐10 μUI/mL), we found that moderate‐to‐high normal levels ofTSHis a risk factor forUIand a worse quality of life in the oldest women. Our results highlight the profit of measuringTSHconcentrations in post‐menopausal women.
Towards a Theory of Third‐Best
Authors: Ng Yew‐Kwang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe theory of second best (Lipsey & Lancaster ) shows that the presence of irremovable distortions renders the second‐best conditions exceedingly complicated; by satisfying some optimality conditions, an improvement is not ensured. However, the complicated second‐best rules are neither optimal nor feasible if informational and administrative costs are taken into account. The simple first‐best rules are the optimal feasible in an important class of situations (Informational Poverty), implying that analyses based on first‐best assumptions are still relevant for practical policy‐making. This is so because, with a reasonable concavity assumption, staying with the first‐best rules maximises expected benefit. With more (but not perfect) information, third‐best policies are appropriate. Some informal illustrative applications of this third‐best theory are provided. In particular, average‐cost pricing for public utilities may not be far from the third‐best optimum and the necessity to raise government revenue through non‐lump‐sum taxes need not impose any real distortion.