bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperation of Rel family members in regulating Aβ1-40-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Sun Junran , Huang Peirong , Liang Jian , Li Jie , Shen Mengxi , She Xiangjun , Feng Yiji , Luo Xueting , Liu Te , Sun Xiaodong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAmyloid-beta (Aβ) is a hallmark component of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which induces secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Previous studies have shown that p50/RelA (p65), a member of NF-κB family, is an essential pro-inflammatory transcription factor responding to Aβ1-40 stimulation, but few focused on the other two Rel transcription factor members – RelB and c-Rel – and their role in Aβ1-40-mediated inflammation. It was reported that RelA, RelB and c-Rel are also implicated in various NF-κB-mediated inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we infer that Aβ1-40-mediated inflammation targets not only the classical inflammation regulator, RelA, but also RelB and c-Rel. In this study, we demonstrate that intravitreally injected Aβ1-40 mice develop AMD-like pathologic changes, coupled with Rel protein (RelA, RelB and c-Rel) synthesis and nuclear translocation. To focus on the interaction mechanism of Rel proteins, we found that RelB and c-Rel formed a heterodimer with RelA in mice model. We also found that c-Rel silencing decreased the levels of Aβ1-40-dependent RelA expression, indicating that RelB and c-Rel may interact with RelA as coactivator and c-Rel is required to activate the expression of RelA. Moreover, Rel protein silencing decreased the expression of distinct pro-inflammatory cytokines. Together, we demonstrate that besides RelA, RelB and c-Rel can also be activated by Aβ1-40, all of which mediate pro-inflammatory cytokine transcription and RPE damage. Our findings imply that RPE-mediated inflammation under the stimulation of Aβ1-40 is multi-targeted and RelA, RelB and c-Rel proteins may be the new targets of anti-inflammatory agents.
The lncRNA TUG1 modulates proliferation in trophoblast cells via epigenetic suppression of RND3
Authors: Xu Yetao , Ge Zhiping , Zhang Erbao , Zuo Qing , Huang Shiyun , Yang Nana , Wu Dan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Yanzi , Xu Haoqin , Huang Huan , Jiang Zhiyan , Sun Lizhou 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDue to limited treatment options, pre-eclampsia (PE) is associated with fetal perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. During the causes of PE, failure of uterine spiral artery remodeling which might be related to functioning abnormally of trophoblast cells, result in the occurrence and progression of PE. Recently, abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as imperative regulators involved in human diseases progression (included PE), which has been indicated by increasing evidence. In this research, we found that TUG1, a lncRNA, was markedly reduced in placental samples from patients with PE. Loss-function assays indicated that knockdown TUG1 significantly affected cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and network formation in vitro. RNA-seq revealed that TUG1 could affect abundant genes, and then explore the function and regulatory mechanism of TUG1 in trophoblast cells. Furthermore, RNA immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays validated that TUG1 can epigenetically inhibit the level of RND3 through binding to EZH2, thus promoting PE development. Therefore, via illuminating the TUG1 mechanisms underlying PE development and progression, our findings might furnish a prospective therapeutic strategy for PE intervention.
MicroRNA-378 protects against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury via a mechanism involving the inhibition of intestinal mucosal cell apoptosis
Authors: Li Yunsheng , Wen Shihong , Yao Xi , Liu Weifeng , Shen Jiantong , Deng Wentao , Tang Jing , Li Cai , Liu Kexuan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a major clinical event and contributes to high morbidity and mortality rates, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) have important roles in organ I/R injury, but the changes and potential roles of miRNAs in intestinal I/R-induced intestinal injury are unclear. This study was designed to analyze the miRNA expression profiles in intestinal mucosa after I/R injury and to explore the role of target miRNA during this process. Using miRNA microarray analysis, we found changes of 19 miRNAs from the expression profile of miRNAs in a mouse model of intestinal I/R and further verified them by RT-qPCR. Here, we report that miR-378 is one of the markedly decreased miRNAs and found the putative target mRNA that is linked to cell death after applying the TargetScan, miRanda, CLIP-Seq and miRDB prediction algorithms. Our results show that the overexpression of miR-378 significantly ameliorated intestinal tissue damage in wild-type and transgenic mice and oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion-challenged IEC-6 cell injury. Moreover, miR-378 overexpression reduced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in both in vivo and in vitro ischemic models and attenuated cleaved caspase-3 expression. Collectively, our results revealed that the suppression of caspase-3 activation by miRNA-378 overexpression may be involved in the protective effects of intestinal ischemic damage. MiRNA-378 may serve as a key regulator and therapeutic target in intestinal I/R injury.
Tenomodulin is essential for prevention of adipocyte accumulation and fibrovascular scar formation during early tendon healing
Authors: Lin Dasheng , Alberton Paolo , Caceres Manuel Delgado , Volkmer Elias , Schieker Matthias , Docheva Denitsa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTenomodulin (Tnmd) is the best-known mature marker for tendon and ligament lineage cells. It is important for tendon maturation, running performance and has key implications for the resident tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). However, its exact functions during the tendon repair process still remain elusive. Here, we established an Achilles tendon injury model in a Tnmd knockout (Tnmd−/−) mouse line. Detailed analyses showed not only a very different scar organization with a clearly reduced cell proliferation and expression of certain tendon-related genes, but also increased cell apoptosis, adipocyte and blood vessel accumulation in the early phase of tendon healing compared with their wild-type (WT) littermates. In addition, Tnmd−/− tendon scar tissue contained augmented matrix deposition of biglycan, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (Comp) and fibronectin, altered macrophage profile and reduced numbers of CD146-positive cells. In vitro analysis revealed that Tnmd−/− TSPCs exhibited significantly reduced migration and proliferation potential compared with that of WT TSPCs. Furthermore, Tnmd−/− TSPCs had accelerated adipogenic differentiation accompanied with significantly increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) and lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) mRNA levels. Thus, our results demonstrate that Tnmd is required for prevention of adipocyte accumulation and fibrovascular scar formation during early tendon healing.
Increased 15-lipoxygenase-1 expression in chondrocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
Authors: Chen Kaizhe , Yan Yufei , Li Changwei , Yuan Jun , Wang Fei , Huang Ping , Qian Niandong , Qi Jin , Zhou Hanbing , Zhou Qi , Deng Lianfu , He Chuan , Guo Lei 
Published: October 2017

Abstract15-Lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO-1) is involved in many pathological processes. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential role of 15-LO-1 in osteoarthritis (OA). The levels of 15-LO-1 expression were measured by western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR in articular cartilage from the OA rat models and OA patients. To further investigate the effects of 15-LO-1 on chondrocyte functions, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion, the release of matrix-degrading enzymes, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell proliferation and apoptosis, we decreased or increased 15-LO-1 expression in chondrocytes by means of transfecting with siRNA targeting 15-LO-1 and plasmid encoding 15-LO-1, respectively. The results showed that 15-LO-1 expression was obviously increased in articular cartilage from OA rats and OA patients. It was also found that many factor-related OA, such as mechanical loading, ROS, SNP and inflammatory factor, significantly promoted 15-LO-1 expression and activity in chondrocytes. Silencing 15-LO-1 was able to markedly alleviate mechanical loading-induced cartilage ECM secretion, cartilage-degrading enzyme secretion and ROS production. Overexpression of 15-LO-1 could inhibit chondrocyte proliferation and induce chondrocyte apoptosis. In addition, reduction of 15-LO-1 in vivo significantly alleviated OA. Taken together, these results indicate that 15-LO-1 has an important role in the disease progression of OA. Thus 15-LO-1 may be a good target for developing drugs in the treatment of OA.
Mining drives extensive deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Sonter Laura J. , Herrera Diego , Barrett Damian J. , Galford Gillian L. , Moran Chris J. , Soares-Filho Britaldo S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMining poses significant and potentially underestimated risks to tropical forests worldwide. In Brazil’s Amazon, mining drives deforestation far beyond operational lease boundaries, yet the full extent of these impacts is unknown and thus neglected in environmental licensing. Here we quantify mining-induced deforestation and investigate the aspects of mining operations, which most likely contribute. We find mining significantly increased Amazon forest loss up to 70 km beyond mining lease boundaries, causing 11,670 km2 of deforestation between 2005 and 2015. This extent represents 9% of all Amazon forest loss during this time and 12 times more deforestation than occurred within mining leases alone. Pathways leading to such impacts include mining infrastructure establishment, urban expansion to support a growing workforce, and development of mineral commodity supply chains. Mining-induced deforestation is not unique to Brazil; to mitigate adverse impacts of mining and conserve tropical forests globally, environmental assessments and licensing must considered both on- and off-lease sources of deforestation.
Carbon fixation from mineral carbonates
Authors: Guida Brandon S. , Bose Maitrayee , Garcia-Pichel Ferran 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPhotoautotrophs assimilate oxidized carbon obtained from one of two sources: dissolved or atmospheric. Despite its size, the pool of lithospheric carbonate is not known to be a direct source for autotrophy. Yet, the mechanism that euendolithic cyanobacteria use to excavate solid carbonates suggests that minerals could directly supply CO2 for autotrophy. Here, we use stable isotopes and NanoSIMS to show that the cyanobacterium Mastigocoleus testarum derives most of its carbon from the mineral it excavates, growing preferentially as an endolith when lacking dissolved CO2. Furthermore, natural endolithic communities from intertidal marine carbonate outcrops present carbon isotopic signatures consistent with mineral-sourced autotrophy. These data demonstrate a direct geomicrobial link between mineral carbonate pools and reduced organic carbon, which, given the geographical extent of carbonate outcrops, is likely of global relevance. The ancient fossil record of euendolithic cyanobacteria suggests that biological fixation of solid carbonate could have been relevant since the mid-Proterozoic.
Late Holocene slowdown of the Indian Ocean Walker circulation
Authors: Mohtadi Mahyar , Prange Matthias , Schefuß Enno , Jennerjahn Tim C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChanges in tropical zonal atmospheric (Walker) circulation induce shifts in rainfall patterns along with devastating floods and severe droughts that dramatically impact the lives of millions of people. Historical records and observations of the Walker circulation over the 20th century disagree on the sign of change and therefore, longer climate records are necessary to better project tropical circulation changes in response to global warming. Here we examine proxies for thermocline depth and rainfall in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean during the globally colder Last Glacial Maximum (19–23 thousand years ago) and for the past 3000 years. We show that increased thermocline depth and rainfall indicate a stronger-than-today Walker circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum, which is supported by an ensemble of climate simulations. Our findings underscore the sensitivity of tropical circulation to temperature change and provide evidence for a further weakening of the Walker circulation in response to greenhouse warming.
Cognitive task information is transferred between brain regions via resting-state network topology
Authors: Ito Takuya , Kulkarni Kaustubh R. , Schultz Douglas H. , Mill Ravi D. , Chen Richard H. , Solomyak Levi I. , Cole Michael W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractResting-state network connectivity has been associated with a variety of cognitive abilities, yet it remains unclear how these connectivity properties might contribute to the neurocognitive computations underlying these abilities. We developed a new approach—information transfer mapping—to test the hypothesis that resting-state functional network topology describes the computational mappings between brain regions that carry cognitive task information. Here, we report that the transfer of diverse, task-rule information in distributed brain regions can be predicted based on estimated activity flow through resting-state network connections. Further, we find that these task-rule information transfers are coordinated by global hub regions within cognitive control networks. Activity flow over resting-state connections thus provides a large-scale network mechanism for cognitive task information transfer and global information coordination in the human brain, demonstrating the cognitive relevance of resting-state network topology.
Evolution of drift robustness in small populations
Authors: LaBar Thomas , Adami Christoph 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMost mutations are deleterious and cause a reduction in population fitness known as the mutational load. In small populations, weakened selection against slightly-deleterious mutations results in an additional fitness reduction. Many studies have established that populations can evolve a reduced mutational load by evolving mutational robustness, but it is uncertain whether small populations can evolve a reduced susceptibility to drift-related fitness declines. Here, using mathematical modeling and digital experimental evolution, we show that small populations do evolve a reduced vulnerability to drift, or ‘drift robustness’. We find that, compared to genotypes from large populations, genotypes from small populations have a decreased likelihood of small-effect deleterious mutations, thus causing small-population genotypes to be drift-robust. We further show that drift robustness is not adaptive, but instead arises because small populations can only maintain fitness on drift-robust fitness peaks. These results have implications for genome evolution in organisms with small effective population sizes.
Echinochloa crus-galli genome analysis provides insight into its adaptation and invasiveness as a weed
Authors: Guo Longbiao , Qiu Jie , Ye Chuyu , Jin Gulei , Mao Lingfeng , Zhang Haiqiang , Yang Xuefang , Peng Qiong , Wang Yingying , Jia Lei , Lin Zhangxiang , Li Gengmi , Fu Fei , Liu Chen , Chen Li , Shen Enhui , Wang Weidi , Chu Qinjie , Wu Dongya , Wu Sanling , Xia Chenyang , Zhang Yongfei , Zhou Xiaomao , Wang Lifeng , Wu Lamei , Song Weijie , Wang Yunfei , Shu Qingyao , Aoki Daisuke , Yumoto Emi , Yokota Takao , Miyamoto Koji , Okada Kazunori , Kim Do-Soon , Cai Daguang , Zhang Chulong , Lou Yonggen , Qian Qian , Yamaguchi Hirofumi , Yamane Hisakazu , Kong Chui-Hua , Timko Michael P. , Bai Lianyang , Fan Longjiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBarnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is a pernicious weed in agricultural fields worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying its success in the absence of human intervention are presently unknown. Here we report a draft genome sequence of the hexaploid species E. crus-galli, i.e., a 1.27 Gb assembly representing 90.7% of the predicted genome size. An extremely large repertoire of genes encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and glutathione S-transferases associated with detoxification are found. Two gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of an allelochemical 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) and a phytoalexin momilactone A are found in the E. crus-galli genome, respectively. The allelochemical DIMBOA gene cluster is activated in response to co-cultivation with rice, while the phytoalexin momilactone A gene cluster specifically to infection by pathogenic Pyricularia oryzae. Our results provide a new understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the extreme adaptation of the weed.
Second-order spectral lineshapes from charged interfaces
Authors: Ohno Paul E. , Wang Hong-fei , Geiger Franz M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSecond-order nonlinear spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool in elucidating key chemical and structural characteristics at a variety of interfaces. However, the presence of interfacial potentials may lead to complications regarding the interpretation of second harmonic and vibrational sum frequency generation responses from charged interfaces due to mixing of absorptive and dispersive contributions. Here, we examine by means of mathematical modeling how this interaction influences second-order spectral lineshapes. We discuss our findings in the context of reported nonlinear optical spectra obtained from charged water/air and solid/liquid interfaces and demonstrate the importance of accounting for the interfacial potential-dependent χ(3) term in interpreting lineshapes when seeking molecular information from charged interfaces using second-order spectroscopy.
Ferrotoroidic ground state in a heterometallic {CrIIIDyIII
6} complex displaying slow magnetic relaxation
Authors: Vignesh Kuduva R. , Soncini Alessandro , Langley Stuart K. , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Murray Keith S. , Rajaraman Gopalan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractToroidal quantum states are most promising for building quantum computing and information storage devices, as they are insensitive to homogeneous magnetic fields, but interact with charge and spin currents, allowing this moment to be manipulated purely by electrical means. Coupling molecular toroids into larger toroidal moments via ferrotoroidic interactions can be pivotal not only to enhance ground state toroidicity, but also to develop materials displaying ferrotoroidic ordered phases, which sustain linear magneto–electric coupling and multiferroic behavior. However, engineering ferrotoroidic coupling is known to be a challenging task. Here we have isolated a {CrIIIDyIII6} complex that exhibits the much sought-after ferrotoroidic ground state with an enhanced toroidal moment, solely arising from intramolecular dipolar interactions. Moreover, a theoretical analysis of the observed sub-Kelvin zero-field hysteretic spin dynamics of {CrIIIDyIII6} reveals the pivotal role played by ferrotoroidic states in slowing down the magnetic relaxation, in spite of large calculated single-ion quantum tunneling rates.
Ultrahigh thermoelectric power factor in flexible hybrid inorganic-organic superlattice
Authors: Wan Chunlei , Tian Ruoming , Kondou Mami , Yang Ronggui , Zong Pengan , Koumoto Kunihito 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHybrid inorganic–organic superlattice with an electron-transmitting but phonon-blocking structure has emerged as a promising flexible thin film thermoelectric material. However, the substantial challenge in optimizing carrier concentration without disrupting the superlattice structure prevents further improvement of the thermoelectric performance. Here we demonstrate a strategy for carrier optimization in a hybrid inorganic–organic superlattice of TiS2[tetrabutylammonium]
x
[hexylammonium]
y
, where the organic layers are composed of a random mixture of tetrabutylammonium and hexylammonium molecules. By vacuum heating the hybrid materials at an intermediate temperature, the hexylammonium molecules with a lower boiling point are selectively de-intercalated, which reduces the electron density due to the requirement of electroneutrality. The tetrabutylammonium molecules with a higher boiling point remain to support and stabilize the superlattice structure. The carrier concentration can thus be effectively reduced, resulting in a remarkably high power factor of 904 µW m−1 K−2 at 300 K for flexible thermoelectrics, approaching the values achieved in conventional inorganic semiconductors.
Demographic history and biologically relevant genetic variation of Native Mexicans inferred from whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Romero-Hidalgo Sandra , Ochoa-Leyva Adrián , Garcíarrubio Alejandro , Acuña-Alonzo Victor , Antúnez-Argüelles Erika , Balcazar-Quintero Martha , Barquera-Lozano Rodrigo , Carnevale Alessandra , Cornejo-Granados Fernanda , Fernández-López Juan Carlos , García-Herrera Rodrigo , García-Ortíz Humberto , Granados-Silvestre Ángeles , Granados Julio , Guerrero-Romero Fernando , Hernández-Lemus Enrique , León-Mimila Paola , Macín-Pérez Gastón , Martínez-Hernández Angélica , Menjivar Marta , Morett Enrique , Orozco Lorena , Ortíz-López Guadalupe , Pérez-Villatoro Fernando , Rivera-Morales Javier , Riveros-McKay Fernando , Villalobos-Comparán Marisela , Villamil-Ramírez Hugo , Villarreal-Molina Teresa , Canizales-Quinteros Samuel , Soberón Xavier 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic structure of Native American populations is important to clarify their diversity, demographic history, and to identify genetic factors relevant for biomedical traits. Here, we show a demographic history reconstruction from 12 Native American whole genomes belonging to six distinct ethnic groups representing the three main described genetic clusters of Mexico (Northern, Southern, and Maya). Effective population size estimates of all Native American groups remained below 2,000 individuals for up to 10,000 years ago. The proportion of missense variants predicted as damaging is higher for undescribed (~ 30%) than for previously reported variants (~ 15%). Several variants previously associated with biological traits are highly frequent in the Native American genomes. These findings suggest that the demographic and adaptive processes that occurred in these groups shaped their genetic architecture and could have implications in biological processes of the Native Americans and Mestizos of today.