bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA regulation in an animal model of acute ocular hypertension
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Valiente‐Soriano Francisco J. , Nadal‐Nicolás Francisco M. , Rovere Giuseppe , Chen Shida , Huang Wenbin , Agudo‐Barriuso Marta , Jonas Jost B. , Vidal‐Sanz Manuel , Zhang Xiulan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo analyse miRNA regulation in a rat model of acute ocular hypertension (AOH).MethodsAcute ocular hypertension (AOH) was induced in the left eye of adult albino rats by inserting a cannula connected with a saline container into the anterior chamber. The contralateral eye served as a control. Seven days later, animals were killed. Retinas were used either for quantitative analysis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and microglial cells or for miRNA array hybridization, qRT‐PCR and Western blotting.ResultsAnatomically, AOH caused axonal degeneration, a significant loss of RGCs and a significant increase in microglial cells in the ganglion cell layer. The miRNAs microarray analysis revealed 31 differentially expressed miRNAs in the AOH versus control group, and the regulation of 12 selected microRNAs was further confirmed by qRT‐PCR. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that several signalling pathways are putatively regulated by the validated miRNAs. Of particular interest was the inflammatory pathway signalled by mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In agreement with the in silico analysis, p38 MAP kinase, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and iNOS proteins were significantly upregulated in the AOH retinas.ConclusionsAcute IOP elevation led to changes in the expression of miRNAs, whose target genes were associated with the regulation of microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation or neural apoptosis. Addressing miRNAs in the process of retinal ischaemia and optic nerve damage in association with high IOP elevation may open new avenues in preventing retinal ganglion cell apoptosis and may serve as target for future therapeutic regimen in acute ocular hypertension and retinal ischaemic conditions.
Levels of physical activity during physical education lessons in Sweden
Authors: Fröberg Andreas , Raustorp Anders , Pagels Peter , Larsson Christel , Boldemann Cecilia 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to measure the percentage of sedentary light and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (%MVPA) provided by physical education (PE) lessons for Swedish second, fifth and eighth grade students, aged eight, 11 and 14.MethodsWe observed 39 PE lessons and divided them into seven lesson categories: ball play, ball games, dance, fitness, playing games, orienteering and gymnastics. Physical activity (PA) during PE was estimated using accelerometers and the height and weight of the children were measured.ResultsWe studied 149 children: 63 in the second grade, 66 in the fifth grade and 19 in the eighth grade. On average, 25% of the PE lessons were spent in MVPA and the mean %MVPA varied with the lesson content, with fitness, orienteering and playing games being the most intense. The highest %MVPA was in the fitness category, providing 33% (8–62%) for girls and 37% (7–72%) for boys. With the exception of the second grade, no significant gender differences in %MVPA were seen.ConclusionThe content of Swedish PE lessons affected the %MVPA in all age groups. In some content, individuals reached two‐thirds of their daily PA recommendations, highlighting the potential that PE contributes to public health goals.
Systematic review: outcomes and post‐operative complications following colectomy for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Peyrin‐Biroulet L. , Germain A. , Patel A. S. , Lindsay J. O. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundColectomy for ulcerative colitis is associated with short‐ and long‐term complications. Estimates of the frequency of such complications are variable and may have changed since the introduction of biological therapy. Understanding the true burden of surgical complications is important to clinicians in assessing risks and benefits of colectomy vs. continued medical therapy.AimTo ascertain the outcomes of colectomy and ileal pouch surgery in patients with ulcerative colitis in the biologics era.MethodsEmbase, MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library were searched for studies (2002–2015) reporting the outcomes of colorectal procedures (total and subtotal colectomy, IPAA with J‐, S‐, W‐pouch) in adults with ulcerative colitis. Conferences proceedings (2011–2015) were hand‐searched.ResultsWe identified 28 studies (20,801 patients) reporting outcomes from procedures conducted from 2002–2015. Early complications (≤30 days post‐operatively), reported in 10 studies, occurred in 9–65% of patients with ulcerative colitis; late complications (>30 days post‐operatively) occurred in 17–55% of patients. Most frequent short‐term complications: infectious complications and ileus (mean incidence 20% and 18%). Most frequent long‐term complications: pouchitis, faecal incontinence and small bowel obstruction (mean incidence 29%, 21% and 17%). Rates of early infection and late pouch failure decreased from 22% and 13% in 2002–2009 to 11% and 2% in 2010–2015. The mean incidence of post‐operative mortality was 1.0% across 11 studies.ConclusionsEarly and late complications arise in about one‐third of patients undergoing surgery for ulcerative colitis. While colorectal surgical procedures are recommended for a specific group of patients, the post‐operative complications associated with these procedures should not be underestimated.
Inclusion Through Work and Productivity for Persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Lysaght Rosemary , Petner‐Arrey Jami , Howell‐Moneta Angela , Cobigo Virginie 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundEmployment provides an important avenue to social inclusion for most adults. A range of productivity options exist for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) who wish to work, each offering unique challenges relative to inclusion.MethodsThis qualitative study examined the productivity experiences of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Ontario, Canada. A purposive sample of 74 individuals with productivity experiences spanning the spectrum of no employment to community‐based jobs was selected from a pool of volunteers recruited through a mailed survey. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with individuals and family members. Interview transcripts were subjected to a team‐based analysis using grounded theory methods.ResultsVarying needs and interests exist in regard to work. Participants revealed a multitude of factors contributing to inclusion and exclusion through productivity.ConclusionsProductivity, whether paid or unpaid, can be an avenue to social inclusion. The experience of inclusion, particularly of belonging, depends on a successfully negotiated congruence between worker attributes and the social features and demands of the work environment.
A comparative perspective on longevity: the effect of body size dominates over ecology in moths
Authors: Holm S. , Davis R. B. , Javoiš J. , Õunap E. , Kaasik A. , Molleman F. , Tammaru T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBoth physiologically and ecologically based explanations have been proposed to account for among‐species differences in lifespan, but they remain poorly tested. Phylogenetically explicit comparative analyses are still scarce and those that exist are biased towards homoeothermic vertebrates. Insect studies can significantly contribute as lifespan can feasibly be measured in a high number of species, and the selective forces that have shaped it may differ largely between species and from those acting on larger animals. We recorded adult lifespan in 98 species of geometrid moths. Phylogenetic comparative analyses were applied to study variation in species‐specific values of lifespan and to reveal its ecological and life‐history correlates. Among‐species and between‐gender differences in lifespan were found to be notably limited; there was also no evidence of phylogenetic signal in this trait. Larger moth species were found to live longer, with this result supporting a physiological rather than ecological explanation of this relationship. Species‐specific lifespan values could not be explained by traits such as reproductive season and larval diet breadth, strengthening the evidence for the dominance of physiological determinants of longevity over ecological ones.
The Implementation of Elaborative Feedback for Qualitative Improvement of Shade Matching—A Randomized Study
Authors: Olms Constanze , Jakstat Holger A. , Haak Rainer 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe objective of this prospective learning research study is to examine the impact of structured elaborative feedback in practical skills teaching of visual and digital shade matching.Materials and MethodsA total of 60 preclinical dental students participated in the study. The mean average age was 23 years, of which 37 were female (61.7%) and 23 male (38.3%). The participants were randomly divided into a study and control group (n = 30 each). Recording of shade matching was carried out on the phantom patient using clinically simulated settings with elaborative feedback in the study group (T1). Nine items were recorded for visual shade matching and six items for digital shade‐taking. The errors were coded. The lower the total (max. 30 points), the fewer the errors made by students during shade determination. The subject labeled the tooth color using VITA 3D‐Master and VITA Easyshade (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany).ResultsOn comparing the two groups, the study group and the control group showed a similar mean error value at reference time T1. After intervention (T2) it was possible to achieve a clear improvement in the rate of errors for study group. In the study group there was a significant difference between the ΔE values from time T1 and T2 of visual shade matching (p <0.05). The digital ΔE values show in total no significant changes.ConclusionElaborative feedback in conjunction with standardized checklists can lead to a substantial improvement among students in terms of visual shade matching.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCECorrectly determining the tooth shade is an essential treatment step in esthetic reconstructive dentistry. Color is probably one of the most important determinants of esthetics in dentistry. Factors such as lighting conditions, gender, age, experience, and color vision impairment affect the process of shade matching. With an elaborative feedback in conjunction with standardized checklists can lead to a substantial improvement among students in terms of visual shade matching. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:277–286, 2016)
HDAC1 negatively regulates Bdnf and Pvalb required for parvalbumin interneuron maturation in an experience‐dependent manner
Authors: Koh Dawn X. P. , Sng Judy C. G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDuring early postnatal development, neuronal circuits are sculpted by sensory experience provided by the external environment. This experience‐dependent regulation of circuitry development consolidates the balance of excitatory‐inhibitory (E/I) neurons in the brain. The cortical barrel‐column that innervates a single principal whisker is used to provide a clear reference frame for studying the consolidation of E/I circuitry. Sensory deprivation of S1 at birth disrupts the consolidation of excitatory‐inhibitory balance by decreasing inhibitory transmission of parvalbumin interneurons. The molecular mechanisms underlying this decrease in inhibition are not completely understood. Our findings show that epigenetic mechanisms, in particular histone deacetylation by histone deacetylases, negatively regulate the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) and parvalbumin (Pvalb) genes during development, which are required for the maturation of parvalbumin interneurons. After whisker deprivation, increased histone deacetylase 1 expression and activity led to increased histone deacetylase 1 binding and decreased histone acetylation at Bdnf promoters I–IV and Pvalb promoter, resulting in the repression of Bdnf and Pvalb gene transcription. The decrease in Bdnf expression further affected parvalbumin interneuron maturation at layer II/III in S1, demonstrated by decreased parvalbumin expression, a marker for parvalbumin interneuron maturation. Knockdown of HDAC1 recovered Bdnf and Pvalb gene transcription and also prevented the decrease of inhibitory synapses accompanying whisker deprivation.
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Protein phosphatase PP2A – a novel interacting partner of carnitine transporter OCTN2 (SLC22A5) in rat astrocytes
Authors: Juraszek Barbara , Nałęcz Katarzyna A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstractl‐Carnitine is essential for translocation of fatty acids for their mitochondrial β‐oxidation, a process shown in the brain to take place in astrocytes. Organic cation and carnitine plasma membrane transporter OCTN2 (SLC22A5) is present in astrocytes. OCTN2 activity and localization were previously shown to be regulated by protein kinase C (PKC), although no phosphorylation of the transporter was detected. In this study, mass spectrometry was used to identify rOctn2‐interacting partners in astrocytes: several cytoskeletal, ribosomal, mitochondrial, heat‐shock proteins, as well as proteins involved in trafficking and signaling pathways. The analysis of signaling proteins shows that Octn2 co‐precipitated with PP2A phosphatase catalytical (C) and structural (A) subunits, and with its regulatory B”’ subunits – striatin, SG2NA, and zinedin. The Octn2/PP2A complex is mainly detected in endoplasmic reticulum. PKC activation increases both, carnitine transport and, as shown by immunofluorescence and surface biotinylation, transporter presence in plasma membrane. It also results in phosphorylation of SG2NA, zinedin, and catalytical subunit, although co‐precipitation, immunocytochemistry, and proximity ligation assay experiments showed that only the amount of SG2NA decreased in the complex with Octn2. PP2A inhibition with okadaic acid does not lead to Octn2 phosphorylation; however, it abolishes observed effects of PKC activation. We postulate that PKC phosphorylates SG2NA, resulting in its dissociation from the complex and transfer of Octn2 to the plasma membrane, leading to increased transporter activity. The observed interaction could affect brain functioning in vivo, both in fatty acid metabolism and in control of carnitine homeostasis, known to change in certain brain pathologies.
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How maturity influences annulus‐endplate integration in the ovine intervertebral disc: a micro‐ and ultra‐structural study
Authors: Rodrigues Samantha A. , Thambyah Ashvin , Broom Neil D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe annulus‐endplate anchorage system plays a vital role in structurally linking the compliant disc to its adjacent much more rigid vertebrae. Past literature has identified the endplate as a region of weakness, not just in the mature spine but also in the immature spine. The aim of this structural study was to investigate in detail the morphological changes associated with annulus‐endplate integration through different stages of maturity. Ovine lumbar motion segments were collected from two immature age groups: (i) newborn and (ii) spring lamb (roughly 3 months old); these were compared with a third group of previously analysed mature ewe samples (3–5 years). Sections from the posterior region of each motion segment were obtained for microstructural analysis and imaged in their fully hydrated state via differential interference contrast (DIC) optical microscopy. Selected slices were further prepared and imaged via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyse fibril‐level modes of integration. Despite significant changes in endplate morphology, the annular fibre bundles in all three age groups displayed a similar branching mechanism, with the main bundle splitting into several sub‐bundles on entering the cartilaginous endplate. This morphology, previously described in the mature ovine disc, is thought to strengthen significantly annulus‐endplate integration. Its prevalence from an age as young as birth emphasizes the critical role that it plays in the anchorage system. The structure of the branched sub‐bundles and their integration with the surrounding matrix were found to vary with age due to changes in the cartilaginous and vertebral components of the endplate. Microscopically, the sub‐bundles in both immature age groups appeared to fade into the surrounding tissue due to their fibril‐level integration with the cartilaginous endplate tissue, this mechanism being particularly complex in the spring lamb disc. However, in the fully mature disc, the sub‐bundles remained as separate entities throughout the full depth of their anchorage into the cartilaginous endplate. Cell morphology was also found to vary with maturity within the cartilaginous matrix and it is proposed that this relates to endplate development and ossification.
Timely management of knocked out teeth – are the nurses aware?
Authors: Suganya Mohandoss , Vikneshan Murugaboopathy , Hiremath Anand 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo assess working and trainee nurses' knowledge and awareness regarding the emergency handling of traumatic injuries to the teeth. The research was conducted in four different parts of Karnataka, a state in India.BackgroundTraumatic injuries to teeth and the facial region are common among children and young adults. Most traumatic dental injuries can be avoided, or would be less serious, if an extensive knowledge and awareness of these injuries existed, especially among people who frequently come across them.DesignThe study is a cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based survey conducted among nurses of Karnataka.MethodsThe questionnaire was given to nurses in different parts of Karnataka, India. Six hundred and two nurses completed a 15‐item questionnaire, assessing their knowledge and practices in the management of traumatic injuries to the teeth.ResultsMost of the nurses knew that an avulsed tooth can be replaced in the socket and approximately 70% knew mouthguards and other protective measures are available. The nurses' knowledge was, however, inadequate given their exposure to emergency cases and this was borne out by the fact that the study subjects reported that they require still more adequate training in emergency handling of dental injuries.ConclusionThis study reveals that nurses in the current study have less knowledge than expected. Sufficient training should be provided, not only to doctors and dentists in emergency departments, but also to paramedical technicians and nurses to ensure proper care and appropriate advice is available to parents of children experiencing dental trauma. Hence, this study recommends an extensive health education programme in this field.Relevance to clinical practiceAs nurses play a vital role in the emergency dental services provided to patients, the importance of dental injury and its emergency management must be included in their curriculum.
Expression patterns of CD56+ and CD16+ cells in renal transplant biopsies with acute rejection: Associations with microcirculation injuries and graft survival
Authors: Dos Santos Daniela Cristina , Saraiva Camara Niels Olsen , David Daisa Silva Ribeiro , Malheiros Denise Maria Avancini Costa 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe study investigated whether immunohistochemical features of interstitial and glomerular CD56 and CD16 infiltrates – NK cells markers – could be associated with microcirculation injury scores – peritubular capillaritis (ptc) and glomerulitis (g) – and graft survival.MethodsThe research analyzed the immunohistochemical pattern of CD56 and CD16 in interstitial and glomerular compartments of biopsies for‐cause biopsies from 59 recipients diagnosed with acute rejection (mean = 135.5 days post‐transplant).ResultsInterstitial CD56+ cells had an increased expression for glomerulitis (g ≥ 1) (P = 0.02) and peritubular capillaritis (ptc ≥ 2) (P = 0.003) presence. It was noted that interstitial CD56 + cells with mean above 0.56 cells/mm2 had worse allograft survival. CD56+ cells in the interstitial compartment with mean less than or equal to 0.56cells/mm2 was related with absence or mild peritubular capillaritis (P = 0.012) and mean above 0.56 cells/mm2, respectively, with glomerulitis (P = 0.002) presence. Interstitial CD16 cells showed greater positive results in relation to peritubular capillaritis (P = 0.0001) cases. Similarly, it was observed that glomerular CD16+ cells had higher positive results in glomerulitis (P = 0.009) presence.ConclusionsThe study findings showed that CD56+ cell infiltrated in the interstitial compartment was significantly associated with microcirculation injury scores, especially the glomerulitis, and graft survival.
A principal components analysis: how pneumatization and edentulism contribute to maxillary atrophy
Authors: Wagner F , Dvorak G , Nemec S , Pietschmann P , Figl M , Seemann R 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the role of sinus pneumatization and residual ridge resorption in maxillary bone loss in 400 computed tomography (CT) scans.Materials and MethodsIn 200 dentate and 200 edentulous patients, both sinuses were analysed using CT scans. The image analysis sequence consisted of manual placement of 24 reference points, followed by automated segmentation and final manual refinement. Finally, a principal components analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 788 sinuses were included into the analysis. The edentulous group (98 female: 67.77 ± 11.28 years, 99 male: 65.22 ± 9.87) was significantly older than the group with teeth (99 female: 46.89 ± 16.77 years, 96 male: 49.74 ± 16.2). Female and male patients did not differ regarding age. The alveolar height differed significantly between the groups (edentulous: 7.1 ± 4.3 mm, with teeth: 9.7 ± 4.1 mm), but not between gender (female: 8.3 ± 4.4 mm, male: 8.5 ± 4.4 mm). Principal components analysis was able to explain 90% of the variation in sinus morphology.ConclusionsProlonged edentulism in the maxillary molar region leads to centripetal and to minor degrees centrifugal ridge resorption. Minor pneumatization occurs in the sinus walls, but the sinus depth underlies the anatomical variation independent of dentition.
Unemployment in Iraqi refugees: The interaction of pre and post‐displacement trauma
Authors: Wright A. Michelle , Dhalimi Abir , Lumley Mark A. , Jamil Hikmet , Pole Nnamdi , Arnetz Judith E. , Arnetz Bengt B. 
Published: August 2016

Previous refugee research has been unable to link pre‐displacement trauma with unemployment in the host country. The current study assessed the role of pre‐displacement trauma, post‐displacement trauma, and the interaction of both trauma types to prospectively examine unemployment in a random sample of newly‐arrived Iraqi refugees. Participants (N = 286) were interviewed three times over the first two years post‐arrival. Refugees were assessed for pre‐displacement trauma exposure, post‐displacement trauma exposure, a history of unemployment in the country of origin and host country, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Analyses found that neither pre‐displacement nor post‐displacement trauma independently predicted unemployment 2 years post‐arrival; however, the interaction of pre and post‐displacement trauma predicted 2‐year unemployment. Refugees with high levels of both pre and post‐displacement trauma had a 91% predicted probability of unemployment, whereas those with low levels of both traumas had a 20% predicted probability. This interaction remained significant after controlling for sociodemographic variables and mental health upon arrival to the US. Resettlement agencies and community organizations should consider the interactive effect of encountering additional trauma after escaping the hardships of the refugee's country of origin.