bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of time after feeding and carbohydrate or water supplement on work in dogs
Authors: Young D. R. , Iacovino A. , Erve P. , Mosher R. , Spector H. 
Published: December 2017

Effects of proximity of the last meal and post-absorptive supplementation with water or carbohydrate were examined in reference to aerobic work performance in the dog. In the first series, performance was measured utilizing a standard 40-minute period of treadmill running adjusted to a work load of 202.9 kg-m/min. administered 1 ½, 4, 6 and 24 hours following the intake of a normal meal. On the average, minute pulse rate was significantly nine beats higher and body temperature 0.75°F higher at 4 and 6 hours following the meal. There was no significant effect on energy expenditure due to specific dynamic action of the food. Maximum aerobic work capacity was studied. Provision of 1.5 liters of water during work markedly improved (+80%) performance, whereas provision of carbohydrate just prior to work was without immediate benefit. Increased work capacity due to water supplementation is mediated by the maintenance of a relatively normal state of hydration, improvements in temperature regulation and a beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism. Submitted on April 2, 1959
Volume-pressure relationships of the thorax and lung in the newborn
Authors: Agostoni Emilio 
Published: December 2017

The volume-pressure relationships of the respiratory apparatus have been studied in the dog fetus and in newborn and adult dogs. The mechanical changes produced when air first enters the lung have been described. In the newborn the lung-thorax compliance per unit vital capacity, taken over an extended range, is larger than in the adult: it is smaller, over the tidal volume range, during the first few days of life. The compliance of the thorax, particularly high at birth, decreases then progressively. The compliance of the lung after some days of life is similar to that of the adult. The relaxation volume and the functional residual capacity per total lung capacity increase significantly during growth. The lung retraction force, at relaxation volume, is smaller in the newborn than in the adult. Submitted on June 19, 1959
Salivary glands as endocrine organs
Authors: Godlowski Z. Z. , Calandra J. C. 
Published: December 2017

Total bilateral extirpation of submaxillary and sublingual glands produced in five dogs a significant increase of insulin sensitivity as measured by insulin sensitivity test. The glucose tolerance test in the same animals showed a less significant and less constant increase of the utilization of the administered glucose. Similar results were obtained in four dogs with a complete bilateral ligation of the secretory ducts, which resulted in the atrophy of the submaxillary and sublingual glands. Fourteen control experiments failed to show any significant fluctuations in insulin sensitivity or in utilization of the administered glucose. It is concluded that submaxillary and, possibly, sublingual glands are producing a factor which, if removed, potentiates the action of insulin; this factor is designated as submaxillary insulin inhibitor (S.I.I.). Submaxillary glands in dogs possess argentaffine cells in a large amount, and they are identified as the demilune formations; these cells have histochemical characteristics similar to the argentaffine cells found in the gastrointestinal tract. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of E. J. Kaminski) Submitted on January 29, 1959
Replicability of measurements of density of the human body as determined by underwater weighing
Authors: Durnin J. V. G. A. , Taylor A. 
Published: December 2017

Ten healthy young men were maintained for a period of 2 weeks on a diet, the calorific value of which exactly equaled their energy expenditure. During this period measurements of body density by underwater weighing were made on several occasions to determine the reproducibility. The standard error of a single observation was 0.0023 units of density. The replicability of the method seems satisfactory, since the formulas used to estimate total body fat do not justify a technique where the accuracy would be better than that obtained here. Submitted on May 11, 1959
Effects of position on expiratory reserve volume of the lungs
Authors: Craig Albert B. 
Published: December 2017

The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) reflects the resting position of the lungs and thorax and is the most variable subdivision of the lung volume. It was confirmed that the ERV decreased when the subject changed from the sitting to the supine position. When the subject's elbows were supported on the arms of the chair, the ERV increased 3.1% and a further increase was noted when the subject leaned forward in the sitting position. The maximal ERV was recorded in the hands-knee position. To explain these changes the effect of the weight of the shoulder girdle and of the abdominal contents must be considered. There may also be other effective elastic forces in the abdomen in addition to those elastic forces contributed by the lungs and thorax. Submitted on August 31, 1959
Effect of digitalis glycosides in paroxysmal pulmonary edema
Authors: Testelli Mario R. , Musiker Seymour , Luisada Aldo A. 
Published: December 2017

The action of the digitalis glycosides (acetylstrophantidin, ouabain and digitoxin) was tried before, during and after the onset of experimental pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema was produced by five different methods in 227 rabbits, 87 rats and 16 dogs. No useful effect of either rapid or slow-acting digitalis glycosides was demonstrated. Submitted on March 2, 1959
Cerebral metabolism in problem drinkers under the influence of alcohol and chlorpromazine hydrochloride
Authors: Sutherland V. C. , Burbridge T. N. , Adams J. E. , Simon A. 
Published: December 2017

Cerebral blood flow and metabolism studies by means of the nitrous oxide method of Kety and Schmidt were made in males who had been problem drinkers for an average of 11 years. Patients having psychoses, neuropathies, hepatic insufficiency and avitaminosis were excluded prior to the first of two studies per patient. The first study was on the effect of the oral administration of 1 gm/kg of alcohol alone and the second was made after treatment with chlorpromazine for 1 week, at which time the procedure with alcohol was repeated. The chronic use of alcohol produces an alteration in the metabolism of glutamic acid in the central nervous system and in the content of glutamic and lactic acids in the arterial blood. Further, chlorpromazine administration for a week affects more cerebral and peripheral changes than have been established for a single dose before as well as after alcohol ingestion. Despite a multiplicity of effects with alcohol, including a pronounced change in behavior after chlorpromazine, the values for cerebral oxygen and glucose consumption are normal. Submitted on March 16, 1959
Dimensional responses of bronchi in apneic dogs to airway pressure, gases and drugs
Authors: Kilburn Kaye H. 
Published: December 2017

To quantitate in vivo the morphological changes produced in bronchial dimensions by various stimuli, 42 sets of bronchograms were made of the right lungs of 23 anesthetized mongrel dogs. The effects of gases and drugs on bronchial length and width were estimated by comparing the bronchograms made at similar airway pressures with control bronchograms without these agents. Negative pressure, acetylcholine, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) and 5% carbon dioxide narrow bronchial segments. Positive pressure, atropine and isoproterenol widen and, to a lesser degree, lengthen them. Theophylline ethylenediamine (aminophyllinè) lacks a consistent effect on dimensions. Modifications of these techniques in man might yield data of value in differentiating bronchial abnormalities in patients with normal inspiratory bronchograms. Submitted on November 5, 1959
Effect of streptokinase, epinephrine and plasmin on the paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria serum hemolytic system
Authors: Auditore Joseph V. 
Published: December 2017

pH-lysis curves have been constructed from data obtained from incubating the erythrocytes of five cases of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) with autologous and normal acidified sera. The effect of streptokinase, epinephrine and plasmin (bovine and human) on these pH-lysis curves has been investigated. Streptokinase, human plasmin and epinephrine had little or no effect on these pH-lysis curves when added to the acid serum-PNH red cell suspenson just prior to incubation at 37°C. A period of preliminary incubation was necessary to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of these substances on the PNH serum hemolytic system. This suggests that these reagents react with something in the serum. No inhibition could be demonstrated after preliminary incubation of PNH erythrocytes with streptokinase, plasmin and epinephrine. Small concentrations of bovine plasmin added directly to the acid serum-PNH red cell suspension enhanced the PNH hemolytic activity; high concentrations completely inactivated the PNH hemolytic system. Bovine plasmin by itself in small concentrations was not hemolytic. Thrombin failed to reactivate the PNH hemolytic mechanism of the streptokinase-, and plasmin-treated sera. The addition of thrombin restored completely the hemolytic activity of epinephrine-treated sera. Submitted on June 22, 1959
Velocity of muscle shortening as a limiting factor in respiratory air flow
Authors: Agostoni Emilio , Fenn W. O. 
Published: December 2017

The pressure volume relationship of the respiratory apparatus during maximum inspiration and expiration, made as quickly as possible through different resistances, has been determined. The time course of the alveolar pressure during such events has been described. The maximum work done by the respiratory muscles increases as the resistance increases and as the speed of muscle shortening decreases. The relationship between maximum work and mean velocity or, at a given volume, between alveolar pressure and instantaneous flow is nearly linear. The discrepancy between the relationship found and the hyperbolic one described by the characteristic equation of the muscles is ascribed to the geometrical and anatomical complexities of the respiratory apparatus. The results, however, show that the air flow is limited by the rate with which the muscles are able to mobilize chemical potential energy for the performance of work. Submitted on December 10, 1959
Effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition on mixed venous CO2 tension in anesthetized dogs
Authors: Cain Stephen M. , Otis Arthur B. 
Published: December 2017

The ventilation of one lung in dogs was isolated and that lung continually rebreathed into a small rubber bag. The Pco2 of a sample of the gas in the rebreathing bag was compared with the Pco2 calculated from pH and bicarbonate concentration determined in a sample of mixed venous blood drawn simultaneously. Before the injection of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide, the difference between the two values for Pco2 was not significant. After acetazolamide, a highly significant difference (P < 0.001) was found. Apparently, when carbonic anhydrase was inhibited, the dissolved CO2 of mixed venous blood did not attain equilibrium with bicarbonate by the time the blood entered the lung. Submitted on December 18, 1959
Carbon dioxide buffering in man
Authors: Berman Leonard B. , O'Connor Thomas F. , Luchsinger Peter C. 
Published: December 2017

The administration of tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM) to six normal adults was followed by a series of changes in ventilation, arterial blood and urine. Alveolar ventilation and oxygen saturation fell significantly, as did alveolar CO2 excretion and tidal volume. Alveolar and blood CO2 tension rose slightly. Blood bicarbonate rose while other electrolytes were essentially unchanged. Urinary pH and electrolyte excretion increased strikingly without any change in endogenous creatinine clearances. No toxic effects were observed. The findings suggest that THAM cannot presently be recommended for clinical use in the treatment of respiratory acidosis, unless some means of stimulating respiration are also provided. Submitted on November 19, 1959
Venous admixture in the pulmonary circulation of anesthetized dogs
Authors: Finley T. N. , Lenfant C. , Haab P. , Piiper J. , Rahn H. 
Published: December 2017

The venous admixture to the pulmonary circulation in the anesthetized dog was calculated from the O2. tension of the alveolar gas and arterial blood and the O2 content of the arterial and mixed venous blood when breathing 43 or 99% oxygen-nitrogen mixtures. The average shunt flow varies from 1–10% and averages about 5% of the total flow. When positive pressure breathing is applied the shunt flow is reduced in every animal and averages 1.0%. Indirect evidence suggests that the major part of this shunt reduction with pressure breathing is due to the opening of lung areas which had spontaneously collapsed during the barbital anesthesia. Submitted on November 30, 1959
Tolerance to explosive decompression of albino rats in a Ņfetalņ posture
Authors: Close Perry 
Published: December 2017

The survival rate of male albino rats explosively decompressed in the ‘fetal’ posture is markedly improved over animals having normal prone posture. The fetal posture was obtained by forcing the animals to curl up in a gauze cylinder as a piston was lowered. Decompressions were obtained by puncturing a diaphragm between a small parasite chamber and an evacuated low pressure chamber. The decompressions ranged from sea level to pressure equivalents up to 90,000 feet in about 0.01 second. The experiments indicate that pulmonary damage in explosive decompression is probably due to lack of support of the thoracic viscera on the diaphragmatic surface. Submitted on January 29, 1960
Extremity venous blood temperature and blood clotting mechanisms
Authors: Rubenstein Edward , Lack Arthur 
Published: December 2017

The effect of extremity venous blood temperature on the clotting mechanisms was studied. In 20 normal adults, under ordinary indoor conditions, the mean temperatures and standard errors, as measured with needle thermistors, were: greater saphenous vein (lower 3rd of leg), 30.2°C ± 0.29; antecubital vein, 34.6°C ± 0.21; deep gastrocnemius muscle, 36.1±C ± 0.18. In 20 afebrile bed-confined patients the findings were: greater saphenous vein, 29.1°C ±1.12; antecubital vein, 34.2°C ± 0.55, gastrocnemius muscle, 33.7°C ± 0.71. In the range from 22° to 37°C the following linear negative temperature coefficients were found: one-stage prothrombin time, 4%/°C; Lee-White clotting time, 7%/°C; whole blood viscosity, 0.15 centipoise/°C. In vitro clot cohesiveness, as indicated by resistance to compressive and longitudinal stresses, and in vivo clot adhesiveness, as indicated by resistance to dislodgment of clots formed in rabbit venae cavae, were significantly less for clots formed at 25°–30°C than for clots formed at core body temperature. Such effects of low temperature on blood viscosity and the clotting mechanisms have pertinence in regard to the problem of thromboembolism. Submitted on November 27, 1959
Interaction between certain traumas causing the lysis of red cells
Authors: Ketchel Melvin M. 
Published: December 2017

Human red cells were subjected to pairs of the following traumas: heat, hypotonicity, freezing and acidity. Pairs of traumas were applied simultaneously or separately, and in some cases the same trauma was inflicted twice. The hemolysis in each tube of cells receiving two traumas was compared to the total hemolysis in two tubes of cells, each receiving only one trauma. When the pairs of traumas were inflicted simultaneously on a single tube of cells the resultant hemolysis was greater than the total hemolysis which occurred when each of the traumas was inflicted on separate tubes of cells. However, this synergism disappeared when the two traumas were applied separately, except when heating or freezing was one of the traumas involved and then only when one of these was the first trauma applied. The effect was small when the same trauma was administered twice. This synergistic action of pairs of traumas is probably related to the exponential nature of the sigmoid curve representing individual traumas. Submitted on February 2, 1960
Continuously accelerating decay limbs in indicator dilution curves
Authors: Carleton Richard A. , Abelmann Walter H. , Levinson Gilbert E. 
Published: December 2017

Indicator dilution curves with continuously accelerating decay limbs have been produced in a model and in man by increasing flow during the dilution process. Curves of similar configuration were obtained in a model when two sequential chambers with large ratios of residual to total volume were traversed by indicator. Flow estimates computed from curves distorted by large volumes had only a small error, but those from curves distorted by increasing flow were unreliable. An analysis of 30 curves in cardiovascular normals and of 24 curves in 19 patients with mitral or pulmonic stenosis revealed continuously accelerating decay limbs in one and 13 curves, respectively. This high incidence was attributed to the large volumes occurring with valvular stenosis. A mathematical relationship is presented which defines both the contour of any dilution curve from single or double chamber unidirectional flow systems and the magnitude or the change in magnitude of the ratios of residual to total volume required to produce continuously accelerating decay limbs. Submitted on December 28, 1960
Physical fitness of Arctic Indians
Authors: Andersen Kristian Lange , Bolstad Atle , L⊘yning Yngve , Irving Laurence 
Published: December 2017

The physical fitness of healthy young men of an arctic population of Indians was studied, using two types of physiological measurements during muscular work. In one series of experiments the respiratory gas exchange and heart rate were determined during apparently ‘steady-state’ exercise on an ergometer bicycle and the maximal O2 intake was estimated. In another series the response of pulmonary ventilation to a standard exercise load was measured on the same bicycle and the time to recuperate was determined, as well as the extraventilation caused by the exercise. Comparisons were made with results observed on a group of sedentary-living young men and champion athletes drawn from the population of Norway. The Indians' fitness to work occupies a somewhat intermediate position between the sedentary subjects and the athletes. Submitted on August 3, 1959
Metabolic and thermal response to a moderate cold exposure in nomadic Lapps
Authors: Andersen K. Lange , L⊘yning Y. , Nelms J. D. , Wilson O. , Fox R. H. , Bolstad A. 
Published: December 2017

A field investigation was conducted at Kautokeino in Finnmark to study the tolerance of the Lapps to cold. Their metabolism and skin and rectal temperatures were determined while they rested and slept naked for a night in a single-blanket sleeping-bag, exposed to a moderate cold stress. As compared with unacclimatized white men they showed a greater ability to endure the cold night. In general the Lapps slept well without visible shivering, whereas the controls were prevented from sleeping by the sensations of cold and vigorous shivering. The metabolic rates of the Lapps were close to their basal level, in contrast to the raised metabolism of the unacclimatized control subjects. Some of the Lapps maintained slightly higher peripheral skin temperatures than the control subjects, but had a much greater fall in their rectal temperatures, indicating a greater loss of stored body heat. Submitted on August 19, 1959
Effect of environmental temperature on work and resting metabolism
Authors: Malhotra M. S. , Ramaswamy S. S. , Ray S. N. 
Published: December 2017

Observations of basal metabolic rate were taken on seven young adult male subjects at convenient intervals throughout a year. The energy expenditure was studied on 11 subjects while taking part in four military activities, i.e. marching, parade, rifle drill and physical training exercise, both in summer and winter. There was no significant difference in the BMR values of the subjects for different months. The winter values for energy expenditure of different exercises were about 3% higher than those of summer. But when these values were corrected for the weight change in winter, the differences in the energy expenditure values were not significant. It has been concluded that climate has no influence either on the resting or the working metabolism. However, due to the additional clothing worn in winter, the total energy expenditure may be a little higher in winter. Submitted on February 18, 1960
Drowning treated with intermittent positive pressure breathing
Authors: Redding Joseph , Voigt G. Carl , Safar Peter 
Published: December 2017

A standardized dog experiment was designed to simulate human victims of submersion who seem to first develop laryngospasm, followed by flooding of the lungs. The tracheal tube of lightly anesthetized dogs was clamped until the onset of apnea. The lungs were then flooded for 30 seconds with fresh water or sea water, or apnea was permitted to continue for a comparable period without flooding. Resuscitation was attempted with intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB), utilizing room air. All control dogs (obstructive asphyxia, without flooding) survived. Freshwater drowning caused mild arterial hypotension, severe rise in venous pressure and bradycardia, followed by sudden ventricular fibrillation in 1–4 minutes in spite of IPPB. Sea-water drowning caused severe arterial hypotension, slight rise in venous pressure and bradycardia. IPPB led to partial reoxygenation and partial restoration of circulation. When IPPB was discontinued all dogs started breathing spontaneously, but within a few minutes developed asystole with pulmonary edema. Submitted on January 25, 1960
Effect of heparin on in vivo turnover of clotting factors
Authors: Hasselback R. , Hjort Peter F. 
Published: December 2017

The rapid turnover rate of plasma proteins involved in coagulation has been offered as evidence for a process of continuous subclinical in vivo coagulation. By administration of a continuous intravenous drip of heparin to four normal subjects, no significant change was demonstrated in the rate of disappearance of proconvertin and prothrombin from the circulation after blocking the production of these factors by the administration of a large dose of Warfarin sodium. This evidence does not disprove the existence of continuous coagulation, but the rapid turnover rate of coagulation factors would not appear to be sound evidence for such a process. Submitted on March 11, 1960
Hypothermic facilitation of retrograde V-A conduction
Authors: Francis Carolyn K. , Campbell Carol A. , Hoff H. E. 
Published: December 2017

A group of Gaspé fishermen used to cold water immersion and control subjects from the same vicinity were studied to determine if the fishermen's hands were adapted to cold. With one hand immersed in cold water, the pressor response was greater in the control subjects; the fishermen maintained a higher finger temperature and complained less of pain; heat flow from the fishermen's hands was greater than in the control group; finger numbness as measured by a modification of Mackworth' V-test was variable and not significantly different in the two groups. Skin biopsies showed no difference in skin thickness or cell size but there was a significantly greater number of mast cells in the fishermen's skin. The differences between the fishermen and the control subjects may be related to repeated cold exposure. Submitted on June 7, 1960