bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osseous Convexity at the Anterior Fontanelle: A Presentation of Metopic Fusion?
Authors: Sun Alexander Haosi , Persing John A. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Craniosynostosis, or a premature fusion of 1 or more cranial vault sutures, results in characteristic head shape deformities. In previous reports, an osseous prominence at the anterior fontanelle has been suggestive of adjacent suture fusion and local elevation in intracranial pressure (ICP). This prominence has been termed the “volcano” sign, and has been described in the anterior fusion of the sagittal suture and serves as an indication for surgery.

Methods:
Two patients presented for head shape evaluation with mild metopic ridging and anterior fontanellar osseous convexities consistent with the volcano sign. Low-dose computed tomography imaging was performed in both patients due to concern for underlying craniosynostosis with elevated locoregional ICP.

Results:
In both patients, imaging was significant for a localized, superior forehead metopic fusion, as well as a bony, convex prominence at the site of the ossified anterior fontanelle. There were no other clinical or radiologic signs or symptoms to suggest elevated ICP. Surgery was not indicated in either patient.

Conclusions:
Here the authors present 2 patients with osseous convexities at the site of the closed anterior fontanelle without signs or symptoms of elevated ICP, or classic signs of metopic synostosis. The authors hypothesize that this pattern may be due to a form of mechanically induced premature fusion of a normal metopic suture that is focused superiorly at the bregma, with minimal resultant restriction of overall skull growth. This is in contrast to metopic synostosis, which primarily has a sutural pathology and leads to characteristic findings of hypotelorism and trigonocephaly.
A Three-Dimensional Anthropometric Evaluation of Facial Morphology
Authors: Celebi Ahmet Arif , Kau Chung How , Femiano Felice , Bucci Ludovica , Perillo Letizia 
Published: December 2017

Objectives:
The aims of this study were to evaluate sexual dimorphism for facial features within Italian and Egyptian populations and to compare the facial morphology by sex between these 2 populations.

Materials and Methods:
Three-dimensional (3D) facial images were acquired by using the portable 3dMDface System, which captured 259 subjects from 2 population groups of Italian (n = 139) and Egyptian (n = 120). Each population was categorized into male and female groups for evaluation. All subjects in the groups were aged between 18 and 30 years and had no apparent facial anomalies. A total of 23 anthropometric landmarks were identified on the 3D faces of each subject. The independent t test was used to analyze each data set obtained within each subgroup.

Results:
Egyptian women tend to have distinct facial features when compared with Italian women; they had less prominent eyes, more nasal width, more height of upper and lower faces and more height of upper and lower vermilion lengths. Egyptian and Italian males demonstrated very close facial features. However, Egyptian males had more nasal width, length of alare, and mandibular height.

Conclusions:
Sexual dimorphism for facial features was presented in both the Italian and Egyptian populations. In addition, there were significant differences in facial morphology between these 2 populations, especially in females.
Surgical Resection of the Primary Tumor in Women With De Novo Stage IV Breast Cancer
Authors: Lane Whitney O. , Thomas Samantha M. , Blitzblau Rachel C. , Plichta Jennifer K. , Rosenberger Laura H. , Fayanju Oluwadamilola M. , Hyslop Terry , Hwang E. Shelley , Greenup Rachel A. 
Published: December 2017

Objective:
We evaluated patterns of surgical care and their association with overall survival among a contemporary cohort of women with stage IV breast cancer.

Background:
Surgical resection of the primary tumor remains controversial among women with stage IV breast cancer.

Methods:
Women diagnosed with clinical stage IV breast cancer from 2003 to 2012 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Cancer Database. Those with intact primary tumors who were alive 12 months after diagnosis were categorized by treatment sequence: (1) surgery before systemic therapy, (2) systemic therapy before surgery, and (3) systemic therapy alone. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association of treatment sequence with surgery type. Overall survival was estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.

Results:
Among 24,015 women, 56.2% (13,505) underwent systemic therapy alone and 43.8% (10,510) underwent surgical resection. Rates of surgery decreased slightly over time (43.1% in 2003 to 41.9% in 2011). Treatment with systemic therapy before surgery was associated with larger tumor size (median 4.5 vs 3.1 cm, P < 0.001) and receipt of mastectomy (81.4% vs 52.2%, P < 0.001) when compared to those who underwent surgery first. Receipt of surgery, whether before or after systemic therapy (Hazard Ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.62–0.73; Hazard Ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.61; P < 0.001), was independently associated with improved adjusted overall survival when compared to systemic therapy alone.

Conclusions:
Surgical resection of the primary tumor occurs in almost half of women with stage IV breast cancer alive 1 year after diagnosis, and is increasingly occurring after systemic therapy. Coordinated multidisciplinary care remains highly relevant in the setting of metastatic breast cancer, where surgical decisions should be made on an individual basis and may affect survival in select women.
Analysis of cardiac differentiation at single cell resolution reveals a requirement of hypertrophic signaling for HOPX transcription
Authors: Friedman Clayton E , Nguyen Quan , Lukowski Samuel W , Chiu Han Sheng , Helfer Abbigail , Miklas Jason , Suo Shengbao Suo , Jackie Han Jing-Dong , Osteil Pierre , Peng Guangdun , Jing Naihe , Baillie Greg J , Senabouth Anne , Christ Angelika N , Bruxner Timothy J , Murry Charles E , Wong Emily S , Ding Jun , Wang Yuliang , Hudson James , Ruohola-Baker Hannele , Bar-Joseph Ziv , Tam Patrick P L , Powell Joseph E , Palpant Nathan J 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDifferentiation into diverse cell lineages requires the orchestration of gene regulatory networks guiding diverse cell fate choices. Utilizing human pluripotent stem cells, we measured expression dynamics of 17,718 genes from 43,168 cells across five time points over a thirty day time-course ofin vitrocardiac-directed differentiation. Unsupervised clustering and lineage prediction algorithms were used to map fate choices and transcriptional networks underlying cardiac differentiation. We leveraged this resource to identify strategies for controllingin vitrodifferentiation as it occursin vivo. HOPX, a non-DNA binding homeodomain protein essential for heart developmentin vivowas identified as dys-regulated inin vitroderived cardiomyocytes. Utilizing genetic gain and loss of function approaches, we dissect the transcriptional complexity of the HOPX locus and identify the requirement of hypertrophic signaling for HOPX transcription in hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. This work provides a single cell dissection of the transcriptional landscape of cardiac differentiation for broad applications of stem cells in cardiovascular biology.
Evolution of anisogamy in the early diverging fungus,Allomyces
Authors: Phadke Sujal S. , Rupp Shawn M. , Wilson Sayres Melissa A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGamete size dimorphism between sexes (anisogamy) is predicted to have evolved from an isogamous system in which sexes have equal-sized, monomorphic gametes. Although adaptive explanations for the evolution of anisogamy abound, we lack comparable insights into molecular changes that bring about the transition from monomorphism to dimorphism. The basal fungal cladeAllomycesprovides unique opportunities to investigate genomic changes that are associated with this transition in closely related species that show either isogamous or anisogamous mating systems. The anisogamous species show sexual dimorphism in gamete size, number, pigmentation and motility. We sequenced transcriptomes of fiveAllomycesisolates representing the two mating systems, including both male and female phenotypes in the anisogamous species. Maximum likelihood ancestral character state reconstruction performed in MESQUITE using the de-novo assembled transcriptomes indicated that anisogamy likely evolved once inAllomyces, and is a derived character as predicted in theory. We found that sexual stages ofAllomycesexpress homologs of several genes known to be involved in sex determination in model organisms includingDrosophilaand humans. Furthermore, expression ofCatSperhomologs in male- and female-biased samples in our analysis support the hypothesis that gamete interaction in the anisogamous species ofAllomycesmay involve similar molecular events as the egg-sperm interaction in animals, including humans. Although the strains representing either mating system shared much of the transcriptome, supporting recent common ancestry, the analysis of rate of evolution using individual gene trees indicates high substitution rates and divergence between the strains. In summary, we find that anisogamy likely evolved once inAllomyces, using convergent mechanisms to those in other taxa.
Policy elements for twenty-first century African mining
Authors: Cawood Frederick Thomas 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to interpret current global events to extrapolate the issues of twenty-first century for consideration by African mining policy and decision-makers.

Design/methodology/approach
The high-level mining issues are identified to assess what lies ahead for the twenty-first century. Some of these require innovation, called beacons for twenty-first-century mining in this paper, so that decision-makers can consider policy instruments and management strategies to craft a more desirable future for governments and companies, without affecting other stakeholders negatively.

Findings
It is proposed that African mining should consider three cross-cutting elements as subsets for the existing policy themes and management decisions, namely, broad benefit, mine sustainability and business improvement. Digital technologies have the potential to significantly support the three elements for fast-tracking Africa’s sustainable economic development.

Research limitations/implications
Although the findings can be applied to most of the developing world, the focus of this paper is on the African mining industry.

Practical implications
Practical considerations for policymakers in Africa.

Originality/value
This paper includes novel/original policy considerations that have the potential to become cross-cutting elements for the existing policy themes of the Africa Mining Vision.
A wireless passive pressure sensor based on aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna
Authors: Guo YanJie , Tan QiuLin , Lu Fei , Wu GuoZhu , Zhang Lei 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present a novel wireless passive pressure sensor based on an aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna embedded with an air cavity for pressure measurement.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the sensitive membrane deformed when pressure was applied on the surface of the sensor and the relative permittivity of the mixed substrate changed, resulting in a change in the center frequency of the microstrip antenna. The size of the pressure sensor is determined by theoretical calculation and software simulation. Then, the sensor is fabricated separately as three layers using printed circuit board technology and glued together at last. The pressure test of the sensor is carried out in a sealed metal tank.

Findings
The extracted resonant frequency was found to monotonically shift from 2.219 to 1.974 GHz when the pressure varied from 0 to 300 kPa, leading to an average absolute sensitivity of 0.817 MHz/kPa.

Research limitations/implications
This pressure sensor proposed here is mainly to verify the feasibility of this wireless passive maneuvering structure, and when the base material of this structure is replaced with some high-temperature-resistant material, the sensor can be used to measure the pressure inside the aircraft engine.

Originality/value
The sensor structure proposed here can be used to test the pressure in a high-temperature environment when the base material is replaced with some high-temperature-resistant material.
Energy-aware localization algorithm for Ocean Internet of Things
Authors: Guo Ying , Han Qinghe , Wang Jinxin , Yu Xu 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
Localization is one of the critical issues in Ocean Internet of Things (OITs). The existing research results of localization in OITs are very limited. It poses many challenges due to the difficulty of deploy beacon accurately, the difficulty of transmission distance estimation in harsh ocean environment and the underwater node mobility. This paper aims to provide a novel localization algorithm to solve these problems.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper takes the ship with accurate position as a beacon, analyzes the relationship between underwater energy attenuation and node distance and takes them into OITs localization algorithm design. Then, it studies the movement regulation of underwater nodes in the action of ocean current, and designs an Energy-aware Localization Algorithm (ELA) for OITs.

Findings
Proposing an ELA. ELA takes the ship with accurate position information as a beacon to solve the problem of beacon deployment. ELA does not need to calculate the information transmission distance which solves the problem of distance estimation. It takes underwater node movement regulation into computation to solve the problem of node mobility.

Originality value
This paper provides an ELA based on the relationship between propagation energy attenuation and node distance for OITs. It solves the problem of localization in dynamic underwater networks.
Glomerular Filtration Rate and Initiation of Dialysis
Authors: Escoli Rachele , Luz Ivan , Santos Paulo , Vila Lobos Ana 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe proportion of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) initiating dialysis at higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has increased over the past decade. Recent data suggest that it may be associated with increased mortality. The goal of this analysis was to compare survival outcomes in patients with early and late start dialysis. We performed a retrospective analysis of hemodialysis (HD) incident patients from 1 January 2010 to 30 September 2014. Patients were classified into two groups by estimated GFR at dialysis initiation (eGFR ≥10: early start and <10 mL/min per 1.73m2: late start). Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with early and late dialysis start, and Kaplan–Meier graphs and Cox regression models in survival analysis. In this total incident population (N = 235), 42 patients had an early dialysis start. Compared with the group with an eGFR of <10 mL/min per 1.73 m2 at dialysis start, a Cox model showed an incremental increase in mortality associated with earlier dialysis start (P = 0.027). Independent factors (P < 0.05) associated with mortality in the multivariable Cox model in early dialysis start were: hypertension (HR 9.32, CI: 1.34–17.87), diabetes (HR 1.8, CI: 0.4–13.2) and albumin <3.5 g/dL (HR 1.5, CI: 0.8–6.2). Older patients (HR 0.084, CI: 0.008–0.863) with low phosphorus levels (HR 0.02, CI: 0.0–0.527) also had statistically significant results, although they showed a reduced risk of mortality. Early dialysis initiation was associated with an increased mortality risk, arguing against aggressive early dialysis initiation based primarily on eGFR alone.
Impact of Moderate Alcohol Discontinuation on Insulin Action and Secretion in Latinos With and Without Hepatitis C
Authors: Uribe Lindsay A. , Bacchetti Peter , Gelman Nicholas , Burchard Esteban , Fitch Mark , Hellerstein Marc , Khalili Mandana 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundInsulin resistance (IR) is associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Latinos are both at risk of IR and are disproportionately affected by HCV. Moderate alcohol consumption improves insulin sensitivity and may modify HCV‐associated IR. We investigated the impact of moderate alcohol discontinuation on insulin sensitivity and secretion in Latinos using direct measurements.MethodsTwenty‐five nondiabetic, noncirrhotic Latino adults without (n = 17) or with (n = 8) HCV underwent 3‐day metabolic assessment before and after prescription of 6 weeks of moderate alcohol discontinuation. Peripheral IR was measured via steady‐state plasma glucose (SSPG) and hepatic IR using endogenous glucose production during a 2‐step 240‐minute insulin suppression test. Insulin secretion was measured using graded glucose infusion test.ResultsBaseline mean age was 46 ± 11 years, 63% male, 29% had HCV, and mean body mass index was 27 ± 4 kg/m2. Compared to non‐HCV, HCV patients had a higher median SSPG (132 vs. 98.8 mg/dl, p = 1.0), hepatic IR (13.5 vs. 11.3, p = 0.24), and insulin secretion rate (ISR‐AUC, 1,290 vs. 1,250 pmol/min, p = 0.98). After confirmed alcohol discontinuation, hepatic IR was the only parameter that changed significantly (increased, mean change 2.6 ± 4.8, p = 0.02). Higher baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was also associated with a greater change in hepatic IR (average 4.0 points/ALT doubling, p = 0.004), and HCV was associated with a lesser change (average −7.3 points, p = 0.002), independent of ALT.ConclusionsShort‐term moderate alcohol discontinuation adversely impacted hepatic IR in Latinos which was influenced by level of ALT at baseline independent of etiology. Although reduction in ALT through weight loss and HCV eradication remains a priority in improving IR, the observed nonharmful effect of moderate alcohol use represents a potentially confounding variable that warrants further study.
Private and public consumption across generations in Australia
Authors: Rice James M , Temple Jeromey B , McDonald Peter F 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate intergenerational equity in consumption using the Australian National Transfer Accounts (NTA).MethodsAustralian NTA estimates of consumption were used to investigate disparities in consumption between people of different ages and generations in Australia between 1981–1982 and 2009–2010.ResultsThere is a clear patterning of consumption by age, with the distribution by age of consumption funded by the private sector being very different to that of consumption funded by the public sector. Australians have achieved notable equality in total consumption among people between the ages of 20 and 75 years. Substantial disparities exist, however, between different generations, with earlier generations experiencing lower levels of total consumption in real terms at particular ages than later generations.ConclusionAn accurate picture of intergenerational equity in consumption requires consideration of both cohorts and cross sections, as well as consumption funded by both the public and the private sectors.
Strategies for the prevention of airway complications – a narrative review
Authors: Cook T. M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryDespite being infrequent, complications of airway management remain an important contributor to morbidity and mortality during anaesthesia and care of the critically ill. Developments in the last three decades have made anaesthesia safer, and this has been mirrored in the equipment and techniques available for airway management. Modern technology including novel oxygenation modalities, widespread availability of capnography, second‐generation supraglottic airway devices and videolaryngoscopy provide the tools to make airway management safer still. However, technology will only take safety so far, and non‐technical aspects of airway management are critically important for communication and decision making during airway crises, acknowledging a ‘cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate’ situation and transitioning to emergency front of neck airway. Randomised controlled trials provide little useful information about safety in this setting, and data from registries and databases are likely to be of more value. This narrative review focuses on recent evidence in this area.
Multispectral image analysis in Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease
Authors: Huang Guo , Peng Junchao , Ye Zi , Kijlstra Aize , Zhang Donglei , Yang Peizeng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeTo investigate fundus abnormalities in Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease by a noninvasive tool, multispectral imaging (MSI).MethodsA total of 77 patients with VKH and 163 healthy controls were enrolled between January and April 2015. The MSI findings were evaluated in combination with fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), optical coherent tomography (OCT) and fundus photography (FP). Additionally, we compared extent of exposure of choroidal blood vessels between patients with VKH and healthy controls to evaluate retinal transmission function.ResultsA number of features could be recognized by MSI which included (i) general depigmentation, (ii) clumping of pigment and (iii) macular depigmentation and/or hyperpigmentation. The percentages of these three abnormalities discovered by MSI in 52 inactive VKH patients with a duration of more than 2 months in VKH were 67.3%, 75% and 84.6% respectively, which were all significantly higher than those detected by FFA, OCT or FP (p = 0.0398, p < 0.0001). Our study showed that MSI detected a higher percentages of these four abnormalities in patients with sunset glow fundus than in patients without this phenomenon (p = 0.0492, p < 0.0001). Additionally, at the same wavelength (590 nm), exposure of choroidal blood vessels in inactive patients was stronger than in healthy controls and active patients (p < 0.01, p < 0.001).ConclusionOur results show that MSI is a sensitive noninvasive method to investigate the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in VKH disease. It is more likely to detect RPE abnormalities with MSI than when using FFA, OCT or FP. Retinal transmission function in inactive patients is stronger than that observed in active patients or healthy controls.