bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detailed Multi‐dimensional Modeling of Direct Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Tseronis K. , Fragkopoulos I.S. , Bonis I. , Theodoropoulos C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFuel flexibility is a significant advantage of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and can be attributed to their high operating temperature. Here we consider a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell setup in which a separate fuel reformer is not required. We construct a multidimensional, detailed model of a planar solid oxide fuel cell, where mass transport in the fuel channel is modeled using the Stefan‐Maxwell model, whereas the mass transport within the porous electrodes is simulated using the Dusty‐Gas model. The resulting highly nonlinear model is built into COMSOL Multiphysics, a commercial computational fluid dynamics software, and is validated against experimental data from the literature. A number of parametric studies is performed to obtain insights on the direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell system behavior and efficiency, to aid the design procedure. It is shown that internal reforming results in temperature drop close to the inlet and that the direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell performance can be enhanced by increasing the operating temperature. It is also observed that decreases in the inlet temperature result in smoother temperature profiles and in the formation of reduced thermal gradients. Furthermore, the direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell performance was found to be affected by the thickness of the electrochemically‐active anode catalyst layer, although not always substantially, due to the counter‐balancing behavior of the activation and ohmic overpotentials.
Can PEM Fuel Cells Experience Appreciable Degradation at Short Circuit?
Authors: Bonnet C. , Lapicque F. , Belhadj M. , Gerardin K. , Raël S. , Hinaje M. , Mitchell L. , Goldsmith V. , Kmiotek S. J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOperation of PEM fuel cells at very low voltages can occur in the case of direct hybridization with supercapacitors, depending on their charge level: in such cases, the cell acts as reliable current sources that can be used with low voltage devices. In spite of the growing importance of this electrical mode aging phenomena for such conditions are still unknown. A single 100 cm2 cell was operated for more than 2,000 hours at short circuit. The current delivered by the cell provided with an MEA after suitable maturation, was shown to be approx. 98% of that corresponding to the injected hydrogen flow rate. The state‐of‐health of the cell was followed by impedance measurements and determination of the electrochemical surface area of the cathode and the fuel crossover. Significant, regular decay rate of the cell voltage after the low‐voltage run was observed to range from 30 to 100 µV h−1 depending on the current density. The features of the cell were little‐to‐moderately affected by the particular regime: 43% of ECSA was lost which affects only little the FC performance, and hydrogen crossover remains unchanged. Only the diffusion resistance was increased up to fourfold at high current density.
Effectiveness of respite care in supporting informal caregivers of persons with dementia: a systematic review
Authors: Vandepitte Sophie , Van Den Noortgate Nele , Putman Koen , Verhaeghe Sofie , Verdonck Caroline , Annemans Lieven 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveSupporting informal caregivers of persons with dementia is considered to be an effective strategy for improving the well‐being of caregivers and care recipients and for delaying nursing home placement. Although considerable research has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy, and occupational therapy, research into the effectiveness of respite care is rare. This systematic review aims to investigate the effectiveness of different types of respite care in supporting informal caregivers of persons with dementia.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using Web of Science and PubMed, and the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to assess the methodological quality. Randomized controlled trials, quasi‐experimental studies, pretest–posttest studies without a control group, and cohort studies were included.ResultsSeventeen papers met the inclusion criteria. Day care services are effective in decreasing caregiver burden and behavioral problems in persons with dementia, but they also accelerate time to nursing home admission. The results of temporary residential admission are rather mixed and show unexpected adverse effects on both caregivers and care recipients. High‐quality comparable evidence on community‐based respite care is still lacking, although earlier qualitative evidence indicated promising results.ConclusionUnlike in previous reviews, we were able to draw some conclusions about the effectiveness of some types of respite care. There is nonetheless still a need for new intervention studies measuring the impact of respite care, especially in‐home respite care programs, on the caregiver, the care recipient, and health care resource utilization. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The discrepancy between social isolation and loneliness as a clinically meaningful metric: findings from the Irish and English longitudinal studies of ageing (TILDA and ELSA)
Authors: McHugh JE , Kenny RA , Lawlor BA , Steptoe A , Kee F 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveScant evidence is available on the discordance between loneliness and social isolation among older adults. We aimed to investigate this discordance and any health implications that it may have.MethodUsing nationally representative datasets from ageing cohorts in Ireland (TILDA) and England (ELSA), we created a metric of discordance between loneliness and social isolation, to which we refer as Social Asymmetry. This metric was the categorised difference between standardised scores on a scale of loneliness and a scale of social isolation, giving categories of: Concordantly Lonely and Isolated, Discordant: Robust to Loneliness, or Discordant: Susceptible to Loneliness. We used regression and multilevel modelling to identify potential relationships between Social Asymmetry and cognitive outcomes.ResultsSocial Asymmetry predicted cognitive outcomes cross‐sectionally and at a two‐year follow‐up, such that Discordant: Robust to Loneliness individuals were superior performers, but we failed to find evidence for Social Asymmetry as a predictor of cognitive trajectory over time.ConclusionsWe present a new metric and preliminary evidence of a relationship with clinical outcomes. Further research validating this metric in different populations, and evaluating its relationship with other outcomes, is warranted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Irrigation uniformity under different socio‐economic conditions: evaluation of centre pivots in Aragon (Spain) and Utah (USA)
Authors: Lecina S. , Hill R.W. , Barker J.B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study is an analysis of the influence that the socio‐economic context may have on irrigation performance. The main objective is to provide useful information to support the decision‐making processes of farmers, water user associations, policy‐makers and agritech companies. For this purpose, 34 centre pivots were evaluated in Aragon (Spain) and Utah (USA). Utah has a lower agricultural production potential than Aragon, and crop production is a secondary activity with respect to livestock production on many farms. In Aragon, farms are mainly devoted to crop production. These and other features may bias farmers' decisions regarding investment, operation and maintenance of their irrigation systems. This bias may be the underlying cause of the lower irrigation uniformity obtained in Utah. Coefficients of uniformity (CU) averaged 90% in Aragon and 80% in Utah. The gap between the actual and potential (90%) CU translates into an estimated net land productivity reduction of −18% (€66 ha−1, US$89 ha−1) in Utah. Measures aimed at closing this gap could cost less than €15 ha−1 (US$20 ha−1). Multidisciplinary approaches are required to quantify these gaps and to understand their causes in order to bridge them in a cost‐effective manner. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents – a controlled, microbiological, clinical trial
Authors: Costa da Mota Ana Carolina , França Cristiane Miranda , Prates Renato , Deana Alessandro Melo , Costa Santos Larissa , Lopes Garcia Rubia , Leal Gonçalves Marcela Letícia , Mesquita Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Porta Santos Fernandes Kristianne , Kalil Bussadori Sandra 
Published: June 2016

Halitosis can exert a negative influence on the social relations of adolescents and affect one's self‐image. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on halitosis in adolescents. Forty‐six individuals aged 12 to 19 years were randomly allocated: Group 1 – treatment with photodynamic therapy; Group 2 – treatment with a tongue scraper and Group 3 – treatment with a tongue scraper and photodynamic therapy. The count of bacterial colony‐forming units per milliliter was used for the microbiological analysis. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls test. ANOVA was used for the determination of colony‐forming units after treatment. The level of significance for all statistical tests was 5% (p < 0.05). After treatment, a statistically significant reduction in total volatile sulfur compounds was found in all groups (p < 0.001), with the largest reduction (median: 0) found in Group 3 (tongue scraper and photodynamic therapy). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was found between treatment with aPDT and a tongue scraper alone (p < 0.001). The present findings demonstrate an option for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents, with an immediate effect and without the mechanical aggression to the toungue.
Clinical Trials: NCT02007993magnified imageClinical Trials: NCT02007993
The vertical posteromedial thigh (vPMT) flap for autologous breast reconstruction: A novel flap design
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Chen Yen‐Chou , Lindenblatt Nicole , Giovanoli Pietro 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe vertical posteromedial thigh (vPMT) perforator flap is a new reliable flap with versatility. The purpose of this article was to report our experience with the use of free vPMT flap for reconstruction of the breast.Patients and MethodsFrom May 2015 to December 2015, seven patients received immediate unilateral breast reconstruction with seven free vPMT flaps. The flaps were raised based on the first medial perforator of the profunda femoris artery (PFA). The internal mammary artery and vein were dissected as recipient vessels.ResultsThe flap sizes varied from 25 × 9 cm to 30 × 10 cm. The average weight of the flap and mastectomy specimen was 431 g (range: 390 to 470 g) and 410 g (range: 360 to 450 g) respectively. The average pedicle length was 10.4 cm (range, 8.5 to 12.5 cm) and the average arterial diameter was 2.1 mm (range, 1.8 to 2.6 mm). All of the flaps survived completely after surgery. The donor sites were all primarily closed with minimal morbidities. Follow‐up observations were conducted from 3 to 9 months. All of patients were satisfactory with the reconstruction.ConclusionThe vertical vPMT is suitable for breast reconstruction in women with small to moderate breast size; the vertical pattern of the PMT avoids some of the problems related to other flaps with transverse patterns and represents an alternative design that can be successfully used for breast reconstruction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:371–376, 2017.
Building Compound Archives for the Future
Authors: Lewis Richard , Deheuvels Joakim , Ertl Peter , Pirard Bernard , Sirockin Finton 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWill the targets of the future be covered by the compound libraries of today? This communication will cover a critical review of past strategies before turning to a new measure of diversity, protein pockets. A fingerprint descriptor for pockets will be described.
Nitride‐Based UV‐LEDs and Their Application
Authors: Rass Jens , Lobo Ploch Neysha 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA wide range of applications utilize ultraviolet (UV) light in the UVB (280 — 320 nm) and UVC range (< 280 nm). Among them are disinfection of water, air, and surfaces, sensing applications, plant growth lighting, and material processing. While currently some of these applications are already being accessed by using conventional mercury discharge lamps, the use of semiconductor UV‐LEDs promises to revolutionize the market by expanding the range of possible applications and making them more efficient. For this, the available range of wavelengths, the LED efficiency and their output power need to be increased. This article describes the technology of nitride‐based UV‐LEDs and their applications.
Hydrophobically controlled self‐association of pH‐ and thermo‐sensitive triblock copolymers based on poly(acrylic acid‐co‐tert‐butyl acrylate) and poly(propylene oxide)
Authors: Pottier Christophe , Morandi Gaëlle , Rihouey Christophe , Dulong Virginie , Picton Luc , Le Cerf Didier 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAqueous solution properties of amphiphilic P(AA‐co‐tBA)‐b‐PPO‐b‐ P(AA‐co‐tBA) copolymers having various tBA contents are presented in this article. These copolymers show pH‐sensitive behavior depending on tBA/AA ratio. Hydrophobic interactions between tBA units leading to pH‐dependent macroscopic aggregates were evidenced by turbidimetry. The aggregation behavior of the PPO middle block was concealed in presence of tBA units. The formation of water‐soluble aggregated objects was characterized by Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation (AsF4). By increasing tBA/AA ratio, we observed an increase of aggregates size as well as a reduction of the critical concentration aggregation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1944–1949
Intellectual development of childhood ALL patients: a multicenter longitudinal study
Authors: Sleurs Charlotte , Lemiere Jurgen , Vercruysse Trui , Nolf Nathalie , Van Calster Ben , Deprez Sabine , Renard Marleen , Vandecruys Els , Benoit Yves , Uyttebroeck Anne 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), radiotherapy for CNS prophylaxis is not used in frontline therapy anymore. Standard treatment for ALL nowadays consists of polychemotherapy. Therefore, assessment of potential chemotherapy‐induced cognitive side effects becomes important. Although neurotoxicity was demonstrated in cross‐sectional studies, longitudinal studies remain scarce.ProcedureWe evaluated intellectual development of 94 pediatric ALL patients between 1990 and 1997, diagnosed before the age of 12 years, treated according to the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Children's Leukemia Group 58881 protocol. Three assessments of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised were performed since diagnosis, according to age. Using repeated measures regression analysis, we investigated the effect of gender (low versus increased) risk group, parents' education, age at diagnosis, intelligence quotient (IQ) subscale (verbal (VIQ) versus performance (PIQ) intelligence), and test session.ResultsPIQ scores were lower than VIQ at baseline (−5.3 points on average, p = 0.0032), yet PIQ increased more strongly (PIQ: +3.9 points per test session; VIQ: +0.8, p = 0.0079), so this baseline difference disappeared (p = 0.0079). There were no clear effects of gender (girls: +0.6 points; p = 0.78) or risk group (low risk: +1.5 points; p = 0.49), but IQ scores were higher when one parent had followed higher education (+9.5 points, p < 0.0001). Finally, diagnosis at younger age predicted lower IQ scores (−1.3 points per year, p = 0.0009).ConclusionGiven that IQ scores did not decline, our findings demonstrate a stable pattern. However, the lower PIQ scores at baseline may indicate that performance functioning is vulnerable to acute neurotoxicity. Also, lower scores for younger patients highlight the stronger impact of the disease and/or treatment at younger age.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental Study of Oil‐Free Claw Vacuum Pump Characteristics
Authors: Raykov Alexey , Salikeev Sergey , Burmistrov Aleksey , Fomina Marina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractExperimental study of pumping characteristics of a pilot model of a claw single‐stage vacuum pump with identical rotors was carried out. The curves of pumping speed vs. pressure at different rotary speed and the ultimate pressure at different rotors speed were determined on a test unit. Indicator pressure diagrams in working chambers of claw vacuum pump were obtained with the help of special sensors.Thus, an experimental data bank concerning the pumping characteristics of claw vacuum pump was created. It may be used for estimation of mathematical model adequacy and further development of the pump design.
Pseudo-turbulent heat flux and average gas–phase conduction during gas–solid heat transfer: flow past random fixed particle assemblies
Authors: Sun Bo , Tenneti Sudheer , Subramaniam Shankar , Koch Donald L. 
Published: June 2016

Fluctuations in the gas-phase velocity can contribute significantly to the total gas-phase kinetic energy even in laminar gas–solid flows as shown by Mehrabadi et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 770, 2015, pp. 210–246), and these pseudo-turbulent fluctuations can also enhance heat transfer in gas–solid flow. In this work, the pseudo-turbulent heat flux arising from temperature–velocity covariance, and average fluid-phase conduction during convective heat transfer in a gas–solid flow are quantified and modelled over a wide range of mean slip Reynolds number and solid volume fraction using particle-resolved direct numerical simulations (PR-DNS) of steady flow through a random assembly of fixed isothermal monodisperse spherical particles. A thermal self-similarity condition on the local excess temperature developed by Tenneti et al. (Intl J. Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 58, 2013, pp. 471–479) is used to guarantee thermally fully developed flow. The average gas–solid heat transfer rate for this flow has been reported elsewhere by Sun et al. (Intl J. Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 86, 2015, pp. 898–913). Although the mean velocity field is homogeneous, the mean temperature field in this thermally fully developed flow is inhomogeneous in the streamwise coordinate. An exponential decay model for the average bulk fluid temperature is proposed. The pseudo-turbulent heat flux that is usually neglected in two-fluid models of the average fluid temperature equation is computed using PR-DNS data. It is found that the transport term in the average fluid temperature equation corresponding to the pseudo-turbulent heat flux is significant when compared to the average gas–solid heat transfer over a significant range of solid volume fraction and mean slip Reynolds number that was simulated. For this flow set-up a gradient-diffusion model for the pseudo-turbulent heat flux is found to perform well. The Péclet number dependence of the effective thermal diffusivity implied by this model is explained using a scaling analysis. Axial conduction in the fluid phase, which is often neglected in existing one-dimensional models, is also quantified. As expected, it is found to be important only for low Péclet number flows. Using the exponential decay model for the average bulk fluid temperature, a model for average axial conduction is developed that verifies standard assumptions in the literature. These models can be used in two-fluid simulations of heat transfer in fixed beds. A budget analysis of the mean fluid temperature equation provides insight into the variation of the relative magnitude of the various terms over the parameter space.
The Relation between God and the World in the Pre-Critical Kant: Was Kant a Spinozist?
Authors: Hoffer Noam 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAndrew Chignell and Omri Boehm have recently argued that Kant’s pre-Critical proof for the existence of God entails a Spinozistic conception of God and hence substance monism. The basis for this reading is the assumption common in the literature that God grounds possibilities by exemplifying them. In this article I take issue with this assumption and argue for an alternative Leibnizian reading, according to which possibilities are grounded in essences united in God’s mind (later also described as Platonic ideas intuited by God). I show that this view about the distinction between God’s cognition of essences as the ground of possibility and the actual world is not only explicitly stated by Kant, but is also consistent with his metaphysical picture of teleology in nature and causality during the pre-Critical period. Finally, I suggest that the distinction between the conceptual order of essences embodied in the idea of God and the order of the objects of experience plays a role in the transition into the Critical system, where it is transformed into the distinction between the intelligible and the sensible worlds.
Appearances and Things in Themselves: Actuality and Identity
Authors: Stang Nicholas F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLucy Allais’s anti-phenomenalist interpretation of transcendental idealism is incomplete in two ways. First of all, like some phenomenalists, she is committed to denying the coherence of claims of numerical identity of appearances and things in themselves. Secondly, she fails to explain adequately what grounds the actuality of appearances. This opens the door to a phenomenalist understanding of appearances.
Relationalism about Perception vs. Relationalism about Perceptuals
Authors: Stephenson Andrew 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThere is a tension at the heart of Lucy Allais’s new account of Kant’s transcendental idealism. The problem arises from her use of two incompatible theories in contemporary philosophy – relationalism about perception, or naïve realism, and relationalism about colour, or more generally relationalism about any such perceptual property. The problem is that the former requires a more robust form of realism about the properties of the objects of perception than can be accommodated in the partially idealistic framework of the latter. On Allais’s interpretation, Kant’s notorious attempt to balance realism and idealism remains unstable.
The potential of Nigerian bioactive plants for controlling gastrointestinal nematode infection in livestock
Authors: Ademola Isaiah Oluwafemi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBioactive compounds from marine and terrestrial organisms have been used extensively in the treatment of many diseases in both their natural form and as templates for synthetic modifications. This review summarizes present knowledge about anthelmintic effects of the extracts of bioactive plants in Nigeria against helminth parasites of ruminants. Plants traditionally used in livestock production are discussed. The main focus is hinged on in vitro and in vivo activities of secondary plant metabolites against nematodes of livestock. This review provides insight into preliminary studies of medicinal plants, which can be investigated further to discover promising molecules in the search for novel anthelmintic drugs and nutraceuticals.