bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The characteristics of cognitive and daily living functions of neurocognitive disorders with delusions in elderly Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kim Seo Yoo , Lee Soo Jin 
Published: September 2024

Background
Delusions in neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) worsen patients’ cognitive functions and activities of daily living (ADL), increasing caregiver burden and the risk of mortality. AD patients with delusions tend to experience a more rapid decline in cognition and have demonstrated poorer performance on various cognitive function tests. Considering the prognosis of delusion in AD patients, it tends to be more favorable with appropriate treatment. However, there is a lack of neuropsychological research, specifically examining the impact of delusions in AD, characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive function. This study investigates the impact of delusions on cognitive function and ADL under conditions controlling for disease severity.

Methods
We compared cognitive function and ADL in AD patients aged 65 years or older according to the presence of delusions. To assess longitudinal change, we analyzed data from patients monitored for an average of 15 to 16 months. We assessed cognitive function and ADL using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-Second Edition (SNSB–II) and delusions using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). We used IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0 for all statistical analyses. The analysis was not adjusted for multiple comparisons. We investigated how delusions impact cognitive function and ADL, controlling for age, educational level, and disease severity.

Results
The delusions group exhibited poorer immediate recall of verbal memory than the non-delusions group. In the follow-up evaluation, patients who developed delusions had lower baseline cognitive function than those who did not, and their language fluency declined over time. In addition, we found the presence of delusions associated with worse functional impairment in ADL as the disease progressed.

Conclusion
While controlling for the severity of AD, we found no significant negative impacts of delusions on most cognitive functions. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the immediate recall of verbal memory and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT)_animal sensitively detected the negative impact of delusions. Furthermore, since delusions are associated with worsening ADL, we understand that delusion treatment is important for improving the quality of life for patients and caregivers.
Persistent climatic and oceanographic oscillations in the subpolar North Atlantic during the MIS 6 glaciation and MIS 5 interglacial
Authors: Mokeddem Zohra , McManus Jerry F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRapidly accumulating sediments from the Björn drift deposit south of Iceland are studied for comparison of glacial/interglacial climate changes related to millennial variability of the subpolar surface and deep ocean circulation in the North Atlantic. High‐resolution faunal, isotopic, and sedimentary analyses reveal a strong multimillennial climatic variability interpreted as oscillations in heat transport westward south of Iceland during marine isotope stage 6 (MIS 6), possibly related to the strength of the subpolar gyre (SPG). The oscillations persisted from MIS 6 through the following interglacial (MIS 5), although with diminished magnitude, and were respectively characterized by repeated advances of the polar front south of Iceland during MIS 6 and southward migrations of the Arctic front due to cold surface outflow through the East Greenland and East Iceland Currents during MIS 5. Incursions of cold, fresh surface waters, and drifting ice affected the dynamics of the SPG, episodically causing it to weaken and contract to the northwest. During these intervals of diminished SPG, the northward transport of subtropical heat and salt was strengthened and preferentially conveyed to the northeast past Iceland, enhancing deep‐water formation in the Nordic Seas. By contrast, when the SPG was strong, more subtropical water and its associated heat were entrained within the relatively warm Irminger Current flowing westward south of Iceland. These oceanographic oscillations were associated with repeated multimillennial cooling and warming episodes during the glacial stage MIS 6, equivalent to the Dansgaard‐Oeschger cycles of the last glaciation.
Dynamic groundwater flows and geochemistry in a sandy nearshore aquifer over a wave event
Authors: Malott Spencer , O'Carroll Denis M. , Robinson Clare E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDynamic coastal forcing influences the transport of pollutants in nearshore aquifers and their ultimate flux to coastal waters. In this study, field data are presented that show, for the first time, the influence of a period of intensified wave conditions (wave event) on nearshore groundwater flows and geochemistry in a sandy beach. Field measurements at a freshwater beach allow wave effects to be quantified without other complex forcing that are present along marine shorelines (e.g., tides). Pressure transducer data obtained over an isolated wave event reveal the development of transient groundwater flow recirculations. The groundwater flows were simulated in FEFLOW using a phase‐averaged wave setup approach to represent waves acting on the sediment‐water interface. Comparison of measured and simulated data indicates that consideration of wave setup alone is able to adequately capture wave‐induced perturbations in groundwater flows. While prior studies have shown sharp pH and redox spatial zonations in nearshore aquifers, this study reveals rapid temporal variations in conductivity, pH, and redox (ORP) in shallow sediments (up to 0.5 m depth) in response to varying wave conditions. Comparison of head gradients with calculated conductivity and pH mixing ratios indicates the controlling effect of the wave‐induced water exchange and flows in driving the observed geochemical dynamics. While we are not able to conclusively determine the extent to which temporal variations are caused by conservative mixing versus reactive processes, the pH and ORP variations observed will have significant implications for the fate of reactive pollutants discharging through sandy nearshore aquifers.
Seismological structure of the 1.8 Ga Trans‐Hudson Orogen of North America
Authors: Gilligan Amy , Bastow Ian D. , Darbyshire Fiona A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPrecambrian tectonic processes are debated: what was the nature and scale of orogenic events on the younger, hotter, and more ductile Earth? Northern Hudson Bay records the Paleoproterozoic collision between the Western Churchill and Superior plates—the ∼1.8 Ga Trans‐Hudson Orogeny (THO)—and is an ideal locality to study Precambrian tectonic structure. Integrated field, geochronological, and thermobarometric studies suggest that the THO was comparable to the present‐day Himalayan‐Karakoram‐Tibet Orogen (HKTO). However, detailed understanding of the deep crustal architecture of the THO, and how it compares to that of the evolving HKTO, is lacking. The joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave data provides new Moho depth estimates and shear velocity models for the crust and uppermost mantle of the THO. Most of the Archean crust is relatively thin (∼39 km) and structurally simple, with a sharp Moho; upper‐crustal wave speed variations are attributed to postformation events. However, the Quebec‐Baffin segment of the THO has a deeper Moho (∼45 km) and a more complex crustal structure. Observations show some similarity to recent models, computed using the same methods, of the HKTO crust. Based on Moho character, present‐day crustal thickness, and metamorphic grade, we support the view that southern Baffin Island experienced thickening during the THO of a similar magnitude and width to present‐day Tibet. Fast seismic velocities at >10 km below southern Baffin Island may be the result of partial eclogitization of the lower crust during the THO, as is currently thought to be happening in Tibet.
Dynamic imaging of oil shale pyrolysis using synchrotron X‐ray microtomography
Authors: Saif Tarik , Lin Qingyang , Singh Kamaljit , Bijeljic Branko , Blunt Martin J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe structure and connectivity of the pore space during the pyrolysis of oil shales determines hydrocarbon flow behavior and ultimate recovery. We image the time evolution of the pore and microfracture networks during oil shale pyrolysis using synchrotron X‐ray microtomography. Immature Green River (Mahogany Zone) shale samples were thermally matured under vacuum conditions at temperatures up to 500°C while being periodically imaged with a 2 µm voxel size. The structural transformation of both organic‐rich and organic‐lean layers within the shale was quantified. The images reveal a dramatic change in porosity accompanying pyrolysis between 390 and 400°C with the formation of micron‐scale heterogeneous pores. With a further increase in temperature, the pores steadily expand resulting in connected microfracture networks that predominantly develop along the kerogen‐rich laminations.
Observations and modeling of ionospheric scintillations at South Pole during six X‐class solar flares in 2013
Authors: Priyadarshi S. , Zhang Q.‐H. , Ma Y.‐Z. , Wang Y. , Xing Z.‐Y. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUsing two B‐spline basis functions of degree 4 and the ionospheric scintillation data from a Global Positioning Satellite System (GPS) scintillation receiver at South Pole, we reproduced ionospheric scintillation indices for the periods of the six X‐class solar flares in 2013. These reproduced indices have filled the data gaps, and they are serving as a smooth replica of the real observations. In either event, these modeled scintillation indices are minimizing the geometrical effects between GPS satellite and the receiver. Six X‐class solar flares have been studied during the summer and winter months, using the produced scintillation indices based on the observations from the GPS receiver at South Pole and the in situ plasma measurement from the associated passing of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. Our results show that the solar flare peak suppresses the scintillation level and builds time‐independent scintillation patterns; however, after a certain time from the solar flare peak, complicated scintillation patterns develop at high‐latitude ionosphere and spread toward the polar cap boundary region. Substantial consistency has been found between moderate proton fluxes and scintillation enhancement.
Noise reduction of time domain electromagnetic data: Application of a combined wavelet denoising method
Authors: Ji Yanju , Li Dongsheng , Yuan Guiyang , Lin Jun , Du Shangyu , Xie Lijun , Wang Yuan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA denoising method based on wavelet analysis is presented for the removal of noise (background noise and random spike) from time domain electromagnetic (TEM) data. This method includes two signal processing technologies: wavelet threshold method and stationary wavelet transform. First, wavelet threshold method is used for the removal of background noise from TEM data. Then, the data are divided into a series of details and approximations by using stationary wavelet transform. The random spike in details is identified by zero reference data and adaptive energy detector. Next, the corresponding details are processed to suppress the random spike. The denoised TEM data are reconstructed via inverse stationary wavelet transform using the processed details at each level and the approximations at the highest level. The proposed method has been verified using a synthetic TEM data, the signal‐to‐noise ratio of synthetic TEM data is increased from 10.97 dB to 24.37 dB at last. This method is also applied to the noise suppression of the field data which were collected at Hengsha island, China. The section image results shown that the noise is suppressed effectively and the resolution of the deep anomaly is obviously improved.
Globus pallidus degeneration and clinicopathological features of Huntington disease
Authors: Singh‐Bains Malvindar K. , Tippett Lynette J. , Hogg Virginia M. , Synek Beth J. , Roxburgh Richard H. , Waldvogel Henry J. , Faull Richard L. M. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveNumerous studies have focused on striatal neurodegeneration in Huntington disease (HD). In comparison, the globus pallidus (GP), a main striatal output nucleus, has received less focus in HD research. This study characterizes the pattern of neurodegeneration in 3 subdivisions of the human GP, and its relation to clinical symptomatology.MethodsStereology was used to measure regional atrophy, neuronal loss, and soma neuronal atrophy in 3 components of the GP—the external segment (GPe), internal segment (GPi), and ventral pallidum (VP)—in 8 HD cases compared with 7 matched control cases. The findings in the HD patients were compared with HD striatal neuropathological grade, and symptom scores of motor impairment, chorea, cognition, and mood.ResultsRelative to controls, in the HD patients the GPe showed a 54% overall volume decline, 60% neuron loss, and 34% reduced soma volume. Similarly, the VP was reduced in volume by 31%, with 48% neuron loss and 64% reduced soma volume. In contrast, the GPi was less affected, with a 38% reduction in overall volume only. The extent of GP neurodegeneration correlated with increasing striatal neuropathological grade. Decreasing GPe and VP volumes were associated with poorer cognition and increasing motor impairments, but not chorea. In contrast, decreasing GPi volumes were associated with decreasing levels of irritability.InterpretationThe HD gene mutation produces variable degrees of GP segment degeneration, highlighting the differential vulnerability of striato‐GP target projections. The relationship established between clinical symptom scores and pallidal degeneration provides a novel contribution to understanding the clinicopathological associations in HD. Ann Neurol 2016;80:185–201
αvβ3‐ oder α5β1‐Integrin‐selektive Peptidmimetika für die Oberflächenbeschichtung
Authors: Mas‐Moruno Carlos , Fraioli Roberta , Rechenmacher Florian , Neubauer Stefanie , Kapp Tobias G. , Kessler Horst 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDie Entwicklung von Biomaterialien mit Bindungsaffinität für Integrine ist eine ausgezeichnete Methode, die Zelladhäsion zu fördern, zelluläres Verhalten zu regulieren und spezifische biologische Antworten auf der Zelloberfläche zu induzieren. Das Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, die Evolution von Verbindungen für die Beschichtung darzustellen: angefangen von Peptiden und Proteinen mit relativ niedriger Integrinbindungsaffinität und ‐selektivität bis hin zu hochaffinen und subtypselektiven Peptidmimetika. Insbesondere werden wir auf die Herausforderungen eingehen, die auf dem Weg zu einer Selektivität zwischen den strukturell eng verwandten Subtypen αvβ3 und α5β1 zu meistern waren. Die Oberflächenfunktionalisierung mit diesen Peptidmimetika öffnet den Weg für eine neue Generation von spezifisch modifizierten Oberflächen, die das Verhalten von Zellen gezielt beeinflussen können. Diese dienen sowohl zur Aufklärung der biologischen Rolle des jeweiligen Integrins als auch für eine Anwendung im “Tissue‐Engineering” und in der regenerativen Medizin.
Closed‐System One‐Pot Block Copolymerization by Temperature‐Modulated Monomer Segregation
Authors: Carmean R. Nicholas , Figg C. Adrian , Becker Troy E. , Sumerlin Brent S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA biphasic one‐pot polymerization method enables the preparation of block copolymers from monomers with similar and competitive reactivities without the addition of external materials. AB diblock copolymers were prepared by encapsulating a frozen solution of monomer B on the bottom of a reaction vessel, while the solution polymerization of monomer A was conducted in a liquid layer above. Physical separation between the solid and liquid phases permitted only homopolymerization of monomer A until heating above the melting point of the lower phase, which released monomer B, allowing the addition of the second block to occur. The triggered release of monomer B allowed for chain extension without additional deoxygenation steps or exogenous monomer addition. A method for the closed (i.e., without addition of external reagents) one‐pot synthesis of block copolymers with conventional glassware using straightforward experimental techniques has thus been developed.
A syn‐Selective Aza‐Aldol Reaction of Boron Aza‐Enolates Generated from N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐Triazoles and 9‐BBN‐H
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Nakamuro Takayuki , Miyakawa Sho , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA syn‐selective aza‐aldol reaction of boron aza‐enolates, generated from N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and 9‐BBN‐H, is reported. It provides a sequential one‐pot procedure for the stereoselective construction of 1,3‐amino alcohols, having contiguous stereocenters, starting from terminal alkynes.
αvβ3‐ or α5β1‐Integrin‐Selective Peptidomimetics for Surface Coating
Authors: Mas‐Moruno Carlos , Fraioli Roberta , Rechenmacher Florian , Neubauer Stefanie , Kapp Tobias G. , Kessler Horst 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEngineering biomaterials with integrin‐binding activity is a very powerful approach to promote cell adhesion, modulate cell behavior, and induce specific biological responses at the surface level. The aim of this Review is to illustrate the evolution of surface‐coating molecules in this field: from peptides and proteins with relatively low integrin‐binding activity and receptor selectivity to highly active and selective peptidomimetic ligands. In particular, we will bring into focus the difficult challenge of achieving selectivity between the two closely related integrin subtypes αvβ3 and α5β1. The functionalization of surfaces with such peptidomimetics opens the way for a new generation of highly specific cell‐instructive surfaces to dissect the biological role of integrin subtypes and for application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based Conjugated Polymers Bearing Branched Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Side Chains for Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Chen Xingxing , Zhang Zijian , Ding Zicheng , Liu Jun , Wang Lixiang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractConjugated polymers are essential for solution‐processable organic opto‐electronic devices. In contrast to the great efforts on developing new conjugated polymer backbones, research on developing side chains is rare. Herein, we report branched oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) as side chains of conjugated polymers. Compared with typical alkyl side chains, branched OEG side chains endowed the resulting conjugated polymers with a smaller π‐π stacking distance, higher hole mobility, smaller optical band gap, higher dielectric constant, and larger surface energy. Moreover, the conjugated polymers with branched OEG side chains exhibited outstanding photovoltaic performance in polymer solar cells. A power conversion efficiency of 5.37 % with near‐infrared photoresponse was demonstrated and the device performance could be insensitive to the active layer thickness.
Influence of copper oxide nanomaterials in a poly(ether sulfone) membrane for improved humic acid and oil–water separation
Authors: Krishnamurthy Pravallika Hassan , Yogarathinam Lukka Thuyavan , Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, self‐synthesized copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles were incorporated in poly(ether sulfone) (PES) mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) through the phase‐inversion method. A cubic arrangement and crystallite size of 28 nm was identified by transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) for the as‐synthesized Cu2O particles. The pristine PES membrane had a higher contact angle value of 88.50°, which was significantly reduced up to 50.10° for 1.5 wt % PES/Cu2O MMMs. Moreover, XRD analysis of the Cu2O‐incorporated PES membrane exhibited a new diffraction pattern at 36.46°. This ensured that the Cu2O nanoparticles were distributed well in the PES matrix. Interestingly, the water permeability progressively improved up to 66.72 × 10−9 m s−1 kPa−1 for 1.5 wt % PES/Cu2O MMMs. Furthermore, the membrane performances were also evaluated with different feed solutions: (1) bovine serum albumin, (2) humic acid, and (3) oil–water. The enhanced rejection and lower flux reduction percentage were observed for hybrid membranes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43873.
Approach to the fabrication of acrylic elastomer nanocomposites with high dielectric constants
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Jing‐Wen , Zhou Shu‐Wei , Wang Gao‐Qiang , Zhang Su 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTDielectric elastomers (DEs) are a type of electroactive polymer that can deform in an electric field. The possession of a high dielectric constant is critical for DEs if they are to be suitable materials for the application of actuators. A novel elastomeric nanocomposite (ACE‐g‐CuPc) was fabricated by copper phthalocyanine oligomer (CuPc) grafting directly onto an acrylic elastomer (ACE) backbone. Compared with other synthetic methods, esterification has several advantages; these include fewer impurities and a simpler synthetic route. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the size of the CuPc particles of the ACE‐g‐CuPc was in the range 15–30 nm; this range was significantly smaller than that of ACE/CuPc (500 nm). The results of thermogravimetric analysis show that the thermal stability of the grafting composite was higher than that of the blending composite. At 100 Hz, the dielectric constant of the grafting composite (with 11 wt % CuPc) reached 173 at room temperature. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43904.
Avian Cephalic Vascular Anatomy, Sites of Thermal Exchange, and the Rete Ophthalmicum
Authors: Porter WM Ruger , Witmer Lawrence M. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe general anatomy of avian cephalic blood vessels is well known and there are published details of their role in physiological thermoregulation. Unfortunately, the finer details of vascular pathways to and from sites of thermal exchange are not well known. Additionally, the role of the rete ophthalmicum (RO), a vascular heat exchanger in the temporal region, has been investigated in terms of brain temperature regulation, yet only the arteries have received substantial attention. Without anatomical details of both the arterial and venous pathways, the role of blood vessels in physiological thermoregulation is incomplete. Cephalic vascular anatomy of multiple avian taxa was investigated using a differential‐contrast, dual‐vascular injection technique and high‐resolution X‐ray microcomputed tomography. Sites of thermal exchange (oral, nasal, and orbital regions) and the RO were given special attention due to their known roles in cephalic thermoregulation. Blood vessels to and from sites of thermal exchange were investigated to detect conserved vascular patterns and their ability to deliver cooled blood to the RO and dural venous sinus. Sites of thermal exchange were supplied by arteries directly and through collateral pathways. Veins were found to offer multiple pathways that could influence the temperature of neurosensory tissues, as well as pathways that would bypass neurosensory tissues. These results question the paradigm that arterial blood from the RO is the primary method of brain cooling in birds. A shift in the primary role of the RO from brain cooling to regulating and maintaining the temperature of the avian eye should be further investigated. Anat Rec, 299:1461–1486, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.