bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Transgalactosylation Activity of β-Galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis for the Synthesis of Ascorbic Acid Galactoside
Authors: Wojciechowska Aleksandra , Klewicki Robert , Sójka Michał , Grzelak-Błaszczyk Katarzyna 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn view of a commonly known beneficial role and low stability of ascorbic acid, many efforts are constantly undertaken to produce its improved derivatives. This paper presents results on the synthesis of ascorbic acid galactoside using transgalactosylation properties of β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis and lactose as a donor of galactosyl moiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of selected factors (concentration and molar ratio of substrates, amount of the enzyme preparation, pH of the solution, presence of different ions) on the course of transgalactosylation reaction. Research has shown that approx. 2.5% dry matter (d.m.; 12.7 g/L) of ascorbic acid galactoside is formed under favourable conditions (50% (w/v) substrates, sodium ascorbate and lactose at the molar ratio of 1.9:1, enzyme dose of 28,600 U/100 g lactose, pH = 7.0). The addition of Mg2+ or K+ ions to the reaction medium caused an increase in the final product content (even up to approx. 3.4% d.m., 17.2 g/L), while Na+ or Mn2+ had an adverse impact on the yield. The gathered data may be valuable for cosmetic or food industry.
Penile Plication With or Without Degloving of the Penis Results in Similar Outcomes
Authors: Kadirov Rustam , Coskun Burhan , Kaygisiz Onur , Gunseren Kadir Omur , Kordan Yakup , Yavascaoglu Ismet , Kilicarslan Hakan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Penile plication techniques with or without degloving offer a minimally invasive option for the treatment of penile curvature.

Aim
To review the outcomes of penile plication surgery and patient satisfaction with and without degloving of the penis.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 52 patients who underwent penile plication for the treatment of Peyronie disease or congenital penile curvature.

Outcomes
Surgical success rates, complications, and patient satisfaction determined with the Treatment Benefit Scale were compared between groups.

Results
The overall surgical success rate was 92.3% at a mean follow-up of 18.84 ± 23.51 months. There were no intraoperative complications. In the degloving group, 42.6% of patients were greatly satisfied and 42.6% had better outcomes; in the without degloving group, 61.5% of patients were greatly satisfied and 30.8% had better outcomes. Comparison of outcomes was not statistically significant between groups.

Clinical Implications
The results of the present study indicate the two techniques can be used for penile plication.

Conclusion
With or without degloving, penile plication is safe and effective and provides high patient satisfaction.
Kadirov R, Coskun B, Kaygisiz O, et al. Penile Plication With or Without Degloving of the Penis Results in Similar Outcomes. Sex Med 2017;5:e142–e147.
Association of cancer and Alzheimer's disease risk in a national cohort of veterans
Authors: Frain Laura , Swanson David , Cho Kelly , Gagnon David , Lu Kun Ping , Betensky Rebecca A. , Driver Jane 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionTo examine the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among cancer survivors in a national database.MethodsRetrospective cohort of 3,499,378 mostly male US veterans aged ≥65 years were followed between 1996 and 2011. We used Cox models to estimate risk of AD and alternative outcomes (non‐AD dementia, osteoarthritis, stroke, and macular degeneration) in veterans with and without a history of cancer.ResultsSurvivors of a wide variety of cancers had modestly lower AD risk, but increased risk of the alternative outcomes. Survivors of screened cancers, including prostate cancer, had a slightly increased AD risk. Cancer treatment was independently associated with decreased AD risk; those who received chemotherapy had a lower risk than those who did not.DiscussionSurvivors of some cancers have a lower risk of AD but not other age‐related conditions, arguing that lower AD diagnosis is not simply due to bias. Cancer treatment may be associated with decreased risk of AD.
Retained or expelled staples after transanal stapled surgery: this is the problem!
Authors: Sturiale Alessandro , Martellucci Jacopo , Naldini Gabriele 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Study objective The aim is to assess the presence and persistence of the agraphes at the level of staple line after transanal stapled surgery.
Methods From April to December 2016 one-hundred-thirteen patients with variable follow-up (6 months–10 years) were randomly selected among all the patients undergone transanal stapled surgery for haemorrhoidal disease or functional disorders such as obstructed defecation syndrome. Only 87 patients agreed to participate this study. All the patients underwent digital exploration, anoscopy and 360° tridimensional transanal ultrasound.
Main results Different types of stapled transanal surgical procedures were performed: 48 transanal rectal resection with high volume device, 24 stapled haemorrhoidopexy, 8 Double Stapled Haemorrhoidopexy, 7 Transtarr. In 41.4% the staple line was not identified with digital examination or anoscopy and 17.2% of patients have some staples partially expelled inside the lumen. 360° tridimensional transanal ultrasound showed a complete staple line at the ano-rectal junction which appears as an interrupted hyperechoic circular layer.
Conclusion The staples after stapled transanal surgery remain at the level of the staple line independently from the device used by the surgeon leading to the necessity of a shared and adequate language, in fact the shed staples need to be considered as expelled instead of retained.
Efficacy of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in men with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and non‐neurogenic bladder dysfunction
Authors: Pyun Jong Hyun , Kang Sung Gu , Kang Seok Ho , Cheon Jun , Kim Je Jong , Lee Jeong Gu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe aimed to compare the short‐term outcomes of men who had urodynamic evidence of detrusor underactivity (DU) or detrusor overactivity (DO) of a non‐neurogenic etiology as well as bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and who underwent Holmium Laser Enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). A database of 322 patients who underwent HoLEP between 2010 and 2014 was analyzed. Patients were classified into three groups according to the results of a preoperative urodynamic study. Preoperative parameters such as International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality of Life (QoL) index, IPSS grade, uroflowmetry were compared with postoperative parameters measured at 6 months. There were 138 patients with BOO‐only and 89 patients with BOO and detrusor dysfunction including 56 with DO and 33 with DU. The degree of improvement in IPSS‐total (BOO: 10.7, DO: 8.3, DU: 7.0; p = 0.023) was greater in the BOO‐only group than in the DU group. There were more patients whose IPSS grade improved in the BOO‐only group (71%) than in the detrusor dysfunction group (DO: 53.6% and DU: 45.5%). Postoperative IPSS‐voiding (4.5 vs 7.0), and Qmax (18 vs 13.7) in the BOO‐only group were significantly better than those in the DU group. Additionally, postoperative IPSS‐storage (4.7 vs 6.7), and IPSS‐total (9.1 vs 12.3) in the BOO‐only group were significantly better than in the DO group (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, early surgical management for men with severe LUTS and associated BPH before secondary degeneration occurs may be beneficial for preserving detrusor function and yield better treatment outcomes.
Dental injuries in younger emergency department patients
Authors: James Vigil , Vandersluis Yona R. , Zhang Evangeline W. J. , Scolnik Dennis 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundDental trauma is a relatively common occurrence in childhood, with an impact exceeding that of periodontal diseases. It places a significant burden on the public health system because of its high frequency, impact on quality of life and consumption of resources.ObjectivesTo identify changing trends of dental injury in patients between 0-18 years of age in Canada and provide a detailed assessment of dental injury patterns in patients attending a large pediatric tertiary care hospital.MethodsThis retrospective study was carried out in two parts. Firstly, data from patients who presented to the emergency departments of the 15 Canadian hospitals involved in the Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) from 1stJanuary 1990 to 31stDecember 2013 was collected. Secondly, at the Hospital for Sick Children, charts of patients identified from the aforementioned database from the years 2008, 2012 and 2015 were accessed for additional clinical data.ResultsBased on CHIRPP data there appears to be an increasing incidence in dental injuries presenting to emergency departments nationally. Participation in sports and cycling contributed to the majority of dental injuries. The use of safety equipment such as helmets with a face-grill and mouth-guard was low.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates a rising incidence of dental injuries in young patients. Most dental injuries occurred during sports and playground related activities. The low rate of use of safety equipment and playground safety measures suggests that Canadian Standards Association standards for playgrounds could be more effective if strengthened by mandatory legislation.
KIC 2557430: A Triple System Containing One γ Dor and Two Flaring Components?
Authors: Kamil Ceren , Dal Hasan Ali 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe results are presented for eclipsing binary KIC 2557430. The mass ratio was computed as 0.868 ± 0.002, while the inclination (i) was found as 69°.75 ± 0°.01 with T2 = 6271±1 K. 50 frequencies were found in the period analysis. 48 frequencies of them are caused due to the primary component, a γ Doradus star, while two of them are caused by the cool spots. 69 flares were detected in the analyses. Two OPEA models were derived for flares, which indicates that the flares were come from two different sources. The Plateau value was found to be 1.4336 ± 0.1104 s for Source 1, which is seen as possible the secondary component and 0.7550 ± 0.0677 s for Source 2, which is seen as possible third body. The half-life value was computed as 2278.1 s for Group 1 and 1811.2 s for Group 2. The flare frequency N1 was found to be 0.02726 h−1 and N2 was computed as 0.00002 for Group 1, while N1 was found to be 0.01977 h−1 and N2 was computed as 0.00001 for Group 2. In a results, KIC 2557430 is a possible triple system consisting of a γ Doradus-type star, a chromospherically active star, and also a flaring third body.
INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES DECREASED GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS AND INCREASED RICE GRAIN YIELD IN A SUBTROPICAL PADDY FIELD
Authors: WANG WEIQI , ZENG CONGSHENG , SARDANS JORDI , ZENG DONGPING , WANG CHUN , BARTRONS MIREIA , PEÑUELAS JOSEP 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYReducing the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from paddy fields is crucial both for the sustainability of rice production and mitigation of global climatic warming. The effects of applying industrial and agricultural wastes as fertilizer on the reduction of GHG emissions in cropland areas, however, remain poorly known. We studied the effects of the application of 8 Mg ha−1of diverse wastes on GHG emission and rice yield in a subtropical paddy in southeastern China. Plots fertilized with steel slag, biochar, shell slag, gypsum slag and silicate and calcium fertilizer had lower total global-warming potentials (GWP, including CO2, CH4and N2O emissions) per unit area than control plots without waste application despite non-significant differences among these treatments. Structural equation models showed that the effects of these fertilization treatments on gas emissions were partially due to their effects on soil variables, such as soil water content or soil salinity. Steel slag, biochar and shell slag increased rice yield by 7.1%, 15.5% and 6.5%, respectively. The biochar amendment had a 40% lower GWP by Mg−1yield production, relative to the control. These results thus encourage further studies of the suitability of the use waste materials as fertilizers in other different types of paddy field as a way to mitigate GHG emissions and increase crop yield.
Class, Cotton, and ‘Woddaries’: A Scandinavian railway contractor in Western India, 1860–69
Authors: BUBB ALEXANDER 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article makes use of a recently unearthed archive in Sweden, complemented by research in the India Office Records and Maharashtra State Archives, to explore the business networks of the small-scale railway contractor in 1860s Bombay Presidency. The argument centres on the career of one individual, comparing him with several contemporaries. In contrast to their civilian colleagues, freebooting engineers have been a somewhat understudied group. Sometimes lacking formal technical training, and without an official position in colonial India, they were distrusted as profiteering, even corrupt, opportunists. This article will present them instead as a diverse professional class, incorporating Parsis alongside various European nationalities, who became specialists in local milieux, sourcing timber and stone at the lowest prices and retaining the loyalty of itinerant labourers. It will propose that the 1860s cotton boom in western India provided them with a short-lived window of opportunity in which to flourish, and to diversify into a variety of speculative enterprises including cotton trading, land reclamation, and explosives. The accidents and bridge collapses of the 1867 monsoon, and subsequent public outcry, will be identified as a watershed after which that window of opportunity begins to shut. The article's concluding section analyses the contractors’ relationship with their labour force and its intermediary representatives, and strategies for defusing strikes. Ultimately, small independent contractors were agents of modernity not formally affiliated with the imperial project, and forced to bargain with merchants and strikers without official backing. Theirs is a record of complex negotiations at the local level, carried out in the immediate post-Mutiny settlement.
Le centenaire de la première Convention de Genève
Authors: Huber Max 
Published: July 2017

Le dernier numéro de la Revue internationale était consacré au Centenaire de la « Convention de Geneve du 22 août 1864 pour l'amélioration du sort des militaires blessés dans les armées en campagne ».Nous reproduisons aujourd'hui les passages essentiels d'un l'article paru naguère dans notre Revue, et dans lequel Max Huber soulignait l'importance de la première Convention de Genève, dont il analysait divers éléments, et qu'il montrait liée, à son origine et dans son développement, au mouvement de la Croix-Rouge.
Frontline uses of European Union (EU) law: a parallel legal order? How structural discretion conditions uses of EU law in Dutch and German migration offices
Authors: Dörrenbächer Nora 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article tackles the question of how bureaucratic structures condition frontline implementers’ use of European Union (EU) migration law. Adopting an organisational perspective, the study expects that only under discretion do implementers draw independently on original EU law. Empirically, the article draws on qualitative interviews with migration law implementers in the Netherlands and the German Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia. The analysis reveals that in the nondiscretionary Dutch structure, frontline implementers only rely on EU law when receiving instructions from higher administrative levels. The use of EU law is more diverse in the German discretionary structure. Under legal tension, several German frontline implementers use EU law parallel to national law. However, not all German respondents feel comfortable in interpreting original EU law and jurisprudence. Although structural discretion conditions uses of EU law, the variation of the German case suggests that microlevel factors complement explanations for frontline uses of EU law.
CASE STUDY ON AN IPILIMUMAB COST-CONTAINMENT STRATEGY IN AN ITALIAN HOSPITAL
Authors: Russi Alberto , Chiarion-Sileni Vanna , Damuzzo Vera , Di Sarra Francesca , Pigozzo Jacopo , Palozzo Angelo Claudio 
Published: July 2017

Objectives: Ipilimumab is the first licensed immune checkpoint inhibitor for treatment of melanoma. The promising results of the registration clinical study need confirmation in real practice and its clinical success comes together with a relevant budget impact due to the high price of this drug. The aim of this work is to describe a new model of economical sustainability of ipilimumab developed in an Italian reference center for melanoma treatment.Methods: This retrospective, observational, and monocentric study was carried out at the Veneto Institute of Oncology. Ipilimumab was administered to fifty-seven patients with advanced melanoma. Overall survival, progression free survival, and toxicity were evaluated. A local management procedure was evaluated together with the cost-saving strategies implemented by the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA).Results: We demonstrated that the use of ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma in real practice had an efficacy and toxicity similar to that reported in the literature. In this scenario, our management model (centralization of compounding + drug-day) permitted savings up to the 11.1 percent of the gross cost for the drug (calculated assuming that no cost saving procedures were applied) while the policy of cost containment designed by AIFA produced an additional 6.2 percent of savings.Conclusions: In real practice conditions, the centralized administration of ipilimumab allows to replicate the results of clinical studies and in the meantime to contain the cost associated with this drug. The local strategy of management can be readily applied to most of the high cost drugs compounded in the hospital pharmacy. Impact of findings on practice: (i) We describe a new model of economic sustainability (drug-day, centralization of compounding, payback systems) of an expensive and innovative drug, ipilimumab, for treatment of melanoma within an Italian cancer center. (ii) This pivotal study demonstrated that a cost containment strategy is feasible and it needs the cooperation of all healthcare providers (oncologists, pharmacists, nurses, and technicians) to guarantee the full efficiency of the process.
Usage and processing of the French causal connectives ‘car’ and ‘parce que’
Authors: ZUFFEREY SANDRINE , MAK WILLEM , VERBRUGGE SARA , SANDERS TED 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe difference between ‘car’ and ‘parce que’ is often explained in the literature by the type of causal relation (objective or subjective) that each connective prototypically conveys. Recent corpus studies have demonstrated, however, that this distinction does not hold in speech, and is fluctuating in writing. In this article, we present new empirical data to assess the status of this pair of connectives. In Experiment 1, we test French-speakers’ intuitions about ‘car’ and ‘parce que’ in a completion task, and compare these results with those of a similar experiment in Dutch. In Experiment 2, we measure the processing of objective and subjective causal relations containing ‘car’ and ‘parce que’ in an online reading experiment. Experiments 1 and 2 lead us to conclude that ‘car’ has to a large extent lost its specific procedural meaning. In the literature, the difference between ‘car’ and ‘parce que’ is also linked to a difference of register, ‘car’ being perceived as a formal equivalent of ‘parce que’. We assess the strength of this distinction in Experiment 3, by means of a completion task involving sentences from different registers. Results confirm the effect of register as a distinguishing factor between ‘car’ and ‘parce que’.
Flow cytometric sex sorting affects CD4 membrane distribution and binding of exogenous DNA on bovine sperm cells
Authors: Domingues William Borges , da Silveira Tony Leandro Rezende , Komninou Eliza Rossi , Monte Leonardo Garcia , Remião Mariana Härter , Dellagostin Odir Antônio , Corcini Carine Dahl , Varela Junior Antônio Sergio , Seixas Fabiana Kömmling , Collares Tiago , Campos Vinicius Farias 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBovine sex-sorted sperm have been commercialized and successfully used for the production of transgenic embryos of the desired sex through the sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) technique. However, sex-sorted sperm show a reduced ability to internalize exogenous DNA. The interaction between sperm cells and the exogenous DNA has been reported in other species to be a CD4-like molecule-dependent process. The flow cytometry-based sex-sorting process subjects the spermatozoa to different stresses causing changes in the cell membrane. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the redistribution of CD4-like molecules and binding of exogenous DNA to sex-sorted bovine sperm. In the first set of experiments, the membrane phospholipid disorder and the redistribution of the CD4 were evaluated. The second set of experiments was conducted to investigate the effect of CD4 redistribution on the mechanism of binding of exogenous DNA to sperm cells and the efficiency of lipofection in sex-sorted bovine sperm. Sex-sorting procedure increased the membrane phospholipid disorder and induced the redistribution of CD4-like molecules. Both X-sorted and Y-sorted sperm had decreased DNA bound to membrane in comparison with the unsorted sperm; however, the binding of the exogenous DNA was significantly increased with the addition of liposomes. Moreover, we demonstrated that the number of sperm-bound exogenous DNA was decreased when these cells were preincubated with anti-bovine CD4 monoclonal antibody, supporting our hypothesis that CD4-like molecules indeed play a crucial role in the process of exogenous DNA/bovine sperm cells interaction.
MICU1 protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and its control by the importer receptor Tom70
Authors: Xue Qiang , Pei Haifeng , Liu Qinshe , Zhao Mingjun , Sun Jing , Gao Erhe , Ma Xinliang , Tao Ling 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMitochondrial Ca2+ overload is a main contributor to mitochondrial damage hence cardiomyocyte death in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. MICU1 has been recently identified as an important regulator of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. Here we try to identify the role of MICU1 in MI/R, and to investigate whether the mitochondrial importer receptor Tom70 possesses critical roles in the mitochondrial translocation of MICU1 and MI/R. Specific small interfering RNA (20 μg) against MICU1 and Tom70, and lentivirus vectors carrying the Tom70a sequences (3.3 × 107 TU) were delivered through intramyocardial injection. Seventy-two hours after injection, mice were subjected to 30 min of MI followed by 3 h (for cell apoptosis and mitochondrial damage assessment) or 24 h (for cardiac function and infarct size determination) of reperfusion. MI/R had no significant effect on total MICU1 expression, but caused significant reduction of MICU1 in mitochondria. Knockdown of MICU1 significantly aggravated MI/R injury, as evidenced by enlarged infarct size, depressed cardiac function and increased myocardial apoptosis. Moreover, MICU1 deficiency resulted in markedly aggravated mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, consequently destructed mitochondrial morphology and suppressed mitochondrial function (evidenced by decreased ATP production). Interestingly, mitochondrial Tom70 was also decreased in MI/R. Genetic loss-function study revealed that mitochondrial MICU1 expression was depressed by Tom70 ablation. Furthermore, Tom70 deficiency significantly aggravated MI/R injury and worsened mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. However, supplementation of Tom70 significantly attenuated MI/R injury, preserved mitochondrial morphology and function, and inhibited mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, all of which were abolished by MICU1 suppression. Mitochondrial Tom70/MICU1 pathway protects against MI/R injury, in which mitochondrial localization of MICU1 is governed by Tom70, and MICU1 serves as an indispensable factor in Tom70’s cardioprotection.