bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial diversity and potential functional dynamics within the rhizocompartments of Dendrobium huoshanense
Authors: Xie Guijuan , Yin Zhichao , Zhang Zhenlin , Wang Xinyu , Sun Chuanbo 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionUnderstanding the microbial diversity and potential functional dynamics within the rhizocompartments of Dendrobium huoshanense is crucial for unraveling the plant–microbe interactions that influence its medicinal properties.MethodsThis study is the first to characterize the microbiome associated with the rhizocompartments of D. huoshanense, including its cultivation medium, rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and root endosphere, using high-throughput sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analysis.ResultsBacterial phylogenetic diversity was significantly higher in the endosphere than in the rhizosphere, while fungal α-diversity significantly decreased from the cultivation medium to the endosphere. Both bacterial and fungal niche widths decreased from the cultivation medium to the endosphere. β-Diversity analysis revealed distinct spatial patterns in both bacterial and fungal communities across the rhizocompartments, with the most pronounced differences between the cultivation medium and the endosphere. Taxonomically, Proteobacteria and Ascomycota were predominant in the endosphere for bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Functional predictions showed significant enrichment of pathways related to xenobiotics biodegradation, lipid metabolism, and nitrogen fixation in the endosphere, while functions associated with plant pathogens and saprotrophs were significantly reduced.DiscussionThe results indicate a shift from generalist to specialist microbes from the cultivation medium to the endosphere, suggesting that D. huoshanense exerts strong selective pressure for endophytic fungi. Interestingly, a high proportion of fungi with unknown functions were found in the endosphere, highlighting an area for further research regarding the medicinal efficacy of D. huoshanense. Overall, this study provides foundational data for understanding the adaptive evolution of these microbial communities in response to specific microhabitats.
Using behavior and eye-fixations to detect feigned memory impairment
Authors: Gomes Filomena , Ferreira Inês , Rosa Bruno , Martins da Silva Ana , Cavaco Sara 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundDetecting invalid cognitive performance is an important clinical challenge in neuropsychological assessment. The aim of this study was to explore behavior and eye-fixations responses during the performance of a computerized version of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM-C) under standard vs. feigning conditions.Participants and methodsTOMM-C with eye-tracking recording was performed by 60 healthy individuals (31 with standard instruction – SI; and 29 were instructed to feign memory impairment: 21 Naïve Simulators – NS and 8 Coached Simulators – CS) and 14 patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and memory complaints performed. Number of correct responses, response time, number of fixations, and fixation time in old vs. new stimuli were recorded. Nonparametric tests were applied for group comparison.ResultsNS produced fewer correct responses and had longer response times in comparison to SI on all three trials. SI showed more fixations and longer fixation time on previously presented stimuli (i.e., familiarity preference) specially on Trial 1, whereas NS had more fixations and longer fixation time on new stimuli (i.e., novelty preference) specially in the Retention trial. MS patients produced longer response time and had a different fixation pattern than SI subjects. No behavioral or oculomotor difference was observed between NS and CS.ConclusionHealthy simulators have a distinct behavioral and eye-fixation response pattern, reflecting a novelty preference. Oculomotor measures may be useful to detect exaggeration or fabrication of cognitive dysfunction. Though, its application in clinical populations may be limited.
Relationship of prefrontal cortex activity with anhedonia and cognitive function in major depressive disorder: an fNIRS study
Authors: Fan Huanhuan , Li Qing , Du Yue , Yan Yushun , Ni Rongjun , Wei Jinxue , Zhao Liansheng , Yang Xiao , Ma Xiaohong 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with deficits in cognitive function, thought to be related to underlying decreased hedonic experiences. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of functional brain activity in this relationship. In this study, we investigated the neurofunctional correlate of the interplay between cognitive function and hedonic experiences in medication-free MDD using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).MethodsWe examine differences of brain activation corresponding to the verbal fluency test (VFT) between MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs). Fifty-six MDD patients and 35 HCs underwent fMRI scanning while performing the VFT. In exploratory analyses, cognitive performance, as assessed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), four dimensions of hedonic processing (desire, motivation, effort, and consummatory pleasure) measured by the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS), and relative changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration during the VFT were compared across groups.ResultsPatients with MDD demonstrated impairments in sustained attention and working memory, accompanied by lower total and subscale scores on the DARS. Compared to healthy controls, MDD patients exhibited reduced activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during the VFT task (t = 2.32 to 4.77, p &lt; 0.001 to 0.02, FDR corrected). DARS motivation, desire, and total scores as well as sustained attention, were positively correlated with activation in the dorsolateral PFC and Broca’s area (p &lt; 0.05, FDR corrected).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that changes in prefrontal lobe oxygenated hemoglobin levels, a region implicated in hedonic motivation and cognitive function, may serve as potential biomarkers for interventions targeting individuals with MDD. Our results corroborate the clinical consensus that the prefrontal cortex is a primary target for non-invasive neuromodulatory treatments for depression.
Dengue in Pune city, India (2017–2019): a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Arankalle Vidya , Shrivastava Shubham , Kulkarni Ruta , Patil Rahul , Tiraki Divya , Mankar Sanjay , Taru Rohini Mahesh , Lavange Raj , Diwan Arundhati , Lalwani Sanjay , Mishra AkhileshChandra 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo understand the dynamics of dengue disease with special reference to (1) age (2) primary/secondary infections (3) serostatus and (4) serotypes examined during three consecutive years.MethodsDuring 3 dengue seasons (2017–19), NS1/IgM ELISAs were used for dengue diagnosis in one of the 15 administrative wards of Pune City, India. Predefined symptoms were recorded at the time of diagnosis/hospitalization. IgG-capture ELISA (Panbio) was used to differentiate primary/secondary infections. DENV serotypes were determined for 260 viral RNA-positive patients.ResultsDuring the 3 years, 3,014/6,786 (44.4%, 41.4–49.9%) suspected cases were diagnosed as dengue. Use of either NS1 or IgM would have missed 25.5% or 43% of the confirmed dengue cases, respectively. Notably, a higher proportion of secondary dengue cases remained mild while a substantial proportion of primary infections developed warning signs. The symptoms among Dengue/non-dengue patients and primary/secondary infections varied and influenced by age and serostatus. The number and proportion of dengue serotypes varied yearly. A remarkable decline in dengue cases was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic years.ConclusionA substantial proportion of primary and secondary dengue patients progress to warning signs/severity or mild infection respectively, underscoring the possible role of non-ADE mechanisms in causing severe dengue that requires hospitalization. Both NS1 and IgM should be used for efficient diagnosis.
Effects of different periodontal interventions on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wu Jianru , Wu Jingying , Tang Biyu , Zhang Ze , Wei Fenfang , Yu Dingbiao , Li Limin , Zhao Yue , Wang Bei , Wu Wenyu , Hong Xiang 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundPeriodontal disease is widespread among pregnant women, and it is possible that taking action to improve oral health conditions can make improvements in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Herein, we summarize the recent evidence using a network meta-analysis to assess the effects of different periodontal treatment intervention strategies on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women.Materials and methodsRandomized controlled trials were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. After literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation of the included literature were performed, the R studio 4.2.2 “netmeta” package was used for the network meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 20 studies were included, and 5 adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, preterm birth and/or low birth weight infants, small for gestational age, and pre-eclampsia) were considered to examine the effects of different periodontal treatment interventions strategies on the risk of the abovementioned outcome indicators. The results of the network meta-analysis demonstrated that the three periodontal treatment intervention strategies of sub- and/or supra-gingival scaling and root planing + chlorhexidine rinsing (SRP + CR), sub- and/or supra-gingival scaling and root planing+chlorhexidine rinsing + tooth polishing and plaque control (SRP + CR + TP), and sub- and/or supra-gingival scaling and root planing +sonic toothbrush + tooth polishing and plaque control (SRP + ST + TP) reduced the risk of preterm birth [odds ratio (OR) = 0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.10–0.88), OR = 0.25, 95CI% (0.10–0.63), OR = 0.28, 95CI% (0.11–0.69), respectively]. In addition, two periodontal treatment intervention strategies, SRP + CR and SRP + CR + TP, were effective methods in terms of the risk of preterm birth and/or low birth weight [OR = 0.18, 95CI% (0.06–0.52), OR = 0.31, 95CI% (0.12–0.79)].ConclusionThe available evidence suggests that the risk of preterm birth and preterm birth and/or low birth weight can be reduced with certain periodontal treatment intervention strategies. Future studies should focus on optimizing intervention strategies and the optimal timing for different periods of pregnancy, in order to provide a reference for pregnant women’s healthcare.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=407901, CRD42023407901.
Enhancement or suppression: a double-edged sword? Differential association of digital literacy with subjective health of older adult—evidence from China
Authors: Yan Qi-Song , Guo Qiao 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe emergence of an aging society and the digital age makes healthy aging a hot topic in Chinese society. This paper explores the associations between digital literacy and the subjective health of older adult individuals in PR China, offering insights that May assist policymakers and service providers in developing strategies and interventions suited to the digital era, potentially enhancing the healthy aging process for this demographic in China.MethodsThis study utilized data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey. Initially, demographic variables of 2086 individuals in the sample were analyzed. Subjective health differences among different populations and correlations between core variables were examined. Subsequently, multivariate linear regression and chain mediation methods were utilized to examine the relationships and potential pathways among the three dimensions of digital literacy and the subjective health of older adult individuals.Results(1) The subjective health status of older adult individuals in China was generally favorable, with an average score of 3.406 ± 0.764. (2) There was no direct correlation observed between the frequency of digital information use and the subjective health of the older adult (b = −0.032, p &gt; 0.1). Digital entertainment information (b = 0.294, p &gt; 0.1) did not show a significant effect, whereas life management information (b = 0.437, p &lt; 0.01) demonstrated a positive association. Similarly, the use of smart healthcare devices (b = 0.842, p &lt; 0.001) indicated a positive association (3) The frequency of digital information use indirectly enhanced the subjective health of the older adult through life management digital information and the use of smart healthcare devices, but had no indirect effect through entertainment and leisure digital information.ConclusionDigital literacy is significantly correlated with the subjective health of the older adult, especially when they acquire life management information and utilize smart healthcare devices. However, a potential negative relationship is suggested between digital entertainment information and the subjective health of older adult individuals. Therefore, digital infrastructure should have prioritized the provision of high-quality, age-friendly digital applications for the older adult. This approach could have better harnessed the potential of digitalization to enhance health and well-being in older adults.
Predicting herd immunity achievement: a time-series analysis of vaccination and fatality rates using 1,075 days of COVID-19 data
Authors: Hon Benny Yiu Chung , Chan Jeffrey , Ng Kei Shing , Lam Simon Ching 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic, driven by SARS-CoV-2, has made vaccination a critical strategy for global control. However, vaccine hesitancy, particularly among certain age groups, remains a significant barrier to achieving herd immunity.MethodsThis study uses Poisson regression and ARIMA time-series modeling to identify factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy, understand age-specific vaccination preferences, and assess the impact of bivalent vaccines on reducing hesitancy and fatality rates. It also predicts the time required to achieve herd immunity by analyzing factors such as vaccine dosing intervals, age-specific preferences, and changes in fatality rates.ResultsThe study finds that individuals recovering from COVID-19 often delay vaccination due to perceived immunity. There is a preference for combining BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines. The BNT162b2 bivalent vaccine has significantly reduced vaccine hesitancy and is linked with lower fatality rates, particularly in those aged 80 and above. However, it tends to induce more severe side effects compared to Sinovac. Vaccine hesitancy is most prevalent among the youngest (0–11) and oldest (80+) age groups, posing a challenge to reaching 90% vaccination coverage.ConclusionVaccine hesitancy is a major obstacle to herd immunity. Effective strategies include creating urgency, offering incentives, and prioritizing vulnerable age groups. Despite these challenges, the government should have continued to encourage vaccinations while gradually lifting COVID-19 control measures, balancing public health safety with the return to normal life, as was observed in the transition period during the latter stages of the pandemic.
Association between chronic conditions, multimorbidity, and dependence levels in Chinese community-dwelling older adults with functional dependence: a cross-sectional study in south-central China
Authors: Hu Heng-Yu , Hu Ming-Yue , Feng Hui , Cui Pan-Pan 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe rising prevalence of multimorbidity and functional dependence in community-dwelling older adults contribute to the demand for home care services. Evidence on how chronic conditions, especially multimorbidity, affect dependence levels among older adults with functional dependence in a socio-cultural context is much needed to inform policy, workforce, aged care service development to meet the care needs of this population.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the association between chronic conditions, multimorbidity and dependence levels among Chinese community-dwelling older adults with functional dependence.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,235 community-dwelling older adults with functional dependence in Hunan province, China, from June to October 2018. Data on socio-demographic factors, cognitive function, vision and hearing conditions, activities of daily living (ADLs), and health conditions were collected, and binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between chronic conditions, multimorbidity and dependence levels, with adjustments for relevant covariates.ResultsAmong the participants, 62.9% had multimorbidity. Parkinson’s disease, stroke, COPD, hypertension, mood and psychotic disorders (Anx/Sch/Dep) were significantly associated with high levels of functional dependence. After adjusting for demographic variables, cognitive function, vision, and hearing conditions, we observed a significant relationship between multimorbidity and higher functional dependence, but this association became insignificant when including certain chronic diseases closely associated with high-level dependence. Study revealed that Parkinson’s disease and stroke notably increase dependency risk across seven ADL domains, demonstrating their extensive impact on daily functioning.ConclusionThe prevalence of multimorbidity among Chinese community-dwelling older adults with functional dependence is very high. The association of multimorbidity with functional dependence is mediated by specific chronic conditions. These findings highlight the necessity of adopting an integrated care model that combines medical and social care, with a particular emphasis on managing multimorbidity and critical chronic conditions that lead to severe functional dependence to preventing and diminish the onset of disabilities.
Antibiotic subclasses differentially perturb the gut microbiota in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Dong Hanbo , Li Runzhe , Zhao Ni , Dadhania Darshana M. , Suthanthiran Manikkam , Lee John R. , Ling Wodan 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThe impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota in kidney transplant recipients is not well characterized. In this study, we determine the impact of different subclasses of antibiotics on the gut microbiota in a cohort of 168 kidney transplant recipients.MethodsGut microbiome profiling was performed on 510 fecal specimens using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4-V5 hypervariable region. We classified fecal specimens by antibiotic exposure into 5 categories: Beta-lactam, Fluoroquinolone (FQ), Beta-lactam &amp; FQ Group, Other Antibiotics, and No Antibiotic (No Abx). Mixed-effects regression models were utilized to identify changes in microbial diversity and in the centered log-ratio (CLR) transformed abundance of genera while adjusting for important covariates.ResultsAntibiotic administration was associated with a significant decrease in the Shannon alpha diversity index, a decreased abundance of 11 taxa including Eubacterium and Ruminococcus, and an increased abundance of 16 taxa including Enterococcus and Staphylococcus. Exposure to Beta-lactam antibiotics was associated with an increased abundance of 10 taxa including Enterococcus and a decreased abundance of 5 taxa including Eubacterium while exposure to FQ antibiotics was associated with an increased abundance of 3 taxa and a decreased abundance of 4 taxa including Ruminococcus.ConclusionsBeta-lactam antibiotics and FQ antibiotics have a profound impact on the gut microbiota in kidney transplant recipients. Given the link of the gut microbiota to infectious complications, antibiotic associated changes in the microbiota may lead to an increased risk for further infections.
Previous Solid Organ Transplantation Influences Both Cancer Treatment and Survival Among Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Benoni Henrik , Nordenvall Caroline , Hellström Vivan , Dietrich Caroline E. , Martling Anna , Smedby Karin E. , Eloranta Sandra 
Published: September 2024

Previous solid organ transplantation has been associated with worse survival among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This study investigates the contribution of CRC characteristics and treatment-related factors to the differential survival. Using the Swedish register-linkage CRCBaSe, all patients with solid organ transplantation before CRC diagnosis were identified and matched with non-transplanted CRC patients. Associations between transplantation history and clinical CRC factors and survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and logistic, multinomial, and Cox regression, respectively. Ninety-eight transplanted and 474 non-transplanted CRC patients were followed for 5 years after diagnosis. Among patients with stage I-III cancer, transplanted patients had lower odds of treatment with abdominal surgery [odds ratio (OR):0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.08–0.90], than non-transplanted patients. Among those treated with surgery, transplanted colon cancer patients had lower odds of receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (OR:0.31, 95% CI:0.11–0.85), and transplanted rectal cancer patients had higher rate of relapse (hazard ratio:9.60, 95% CI:1.84–50.1), than non-transplanted patients. Five-year cancer-specific and overall survival was 56% and 35% among transplanted CRC patients, and 68% and 57% among non-transplanted. Accordingly, transplanted CRC patients were treated less intensely than non-transplanted patients, and had worse cancer-specific and overall survival. These patients might benefit from multidisciplinary evaluation including transplantation specialists.
Структура та повноваження групи ТРЕВІ як структури міжнародного поліцейського співробітництва в Європі в 1980-х-1990-х роках
Authors: Бірюков Руслан 
Published: September 2024

В статті розглядається актуальна для науки міжнародного права проблематика структури, повноважень та діяльності Групи ТРЕВІ як особливої структури міжнародного поліцейського співробітництва в Європі в 1980-х-1990-х роках. Актуальність такого дослідження зумовлюється тим, що Група ТРЕВІ виступила попередником Європолу та зародком міжнародного поліцейського співробітництва в Європі, що наразі досягло високого ступеню інституціоналізації та продовжує розвиватися.
Розглядається питання закритості Групи ТРЕВІ на перших етапах її існування, що породило проблематику громадського контролю над її діяльністю. Наголошується на слабкості громадського контролю, викликаного закритістю Групи, що призвело до появи відомостей про її структуру та діяльність лише понад через 10 років після створення.
Розглядаються три рівні діяльності Групи ТРЕВІ: міністерський, групи вищих чиновників та робочих партій. Досліджується діяльність робочих груп ТРЕВІ, зокрема групи по боротьбі з тероризмом, групи технічної експертизи та підготовки, групи щодо процедур безпеки авіатранспорту, групи з питань безпеки ядерних установок та транспорту, групи по боротьбі з надзвичайними ситуаціями. Наголошується, що не всі робочі групи в рамках Групи ТРЕВІ набули повної інституційної спроможності та фактично здійснювали діяльність. Розглядається діяльність робочих груп ТРЕВІ, що були створені наприкінці 1980-х-напочатку 1990-х років, зокрема групи з політичних та безпекових питань Єдиного європейського ринку та робочої групи ad hoc з питань організованої злочинності. Досліджується практика допоміжних структур Групи ТРЕВІ, зокрема єдиної факсової системи.
Розглядається діяльність робочої групи ad hoc щодо Європолу. Досліджується порядок, в якому ця робоча група формувала підготовчі документи Європолу, зокрема щодо боротьби з організованою злочинністю та наркозлочинністю. Розглядаються такі підготовчі документи, зокрема Документ Пальма, Декларація Груп міністрів ТРЕВІ, Програма дій та Доповідь координаторів щодо процесу Документу Пальма. Робиться висновок, що діяльність Групи ТРЕВІ та її робочих груп створили правові підстави для формування Європолу.