bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ISLAndS Project. II. The Lifetime Star Formation Histories of Six Andromeda dSphs*
Authors: Skillman Evan D. , Monelli Matteo , Weisz Daniel R. , Hidalgo Sebastian L. , Aparicio Antonio , Bernard Edouard J. , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Cassisi Santi , Cole Andrew A. , Dolphin Andrew E. , Ferguson Henry C. , Gallart Carme , Irwin Mike J. , Martin Nicolas F. , Martínez-Vázquez Clara E. , Mayer Lucio , McConnachie Alan W. , McQuinn Kristen B. W. , Navarro Julio F. , Stetson Peter B. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The Initial Star formation and Lifetimes of Andromeda Satellites (ISLAndS) project employs Hubble Space Telescope imaging to study a representative sample of six Andromeda dSph satellite companion galaxies. Our main goal is to determine whether the star formation histories (SFHs) of the Andromeda dSph satellites demonstrate significant statistical differences from those of the Milky Way (MW). Our deep observations yield a time resolution at the oldest ages of ∼1 Gyr, allowing meaningful comparisons to the MW satellites. The six dSphs present a variety of SFHs (e.g., a significant range in quenching times,

τ

q

, from 9 to 6 Gyr ago) that are not strictly correlated with luminosity or present distance from M31. In agreement with observations of MW companions of similar mass, there is no evidence of complete quenching of star formation by the cosmic UV background responsible for reionization, but the possibility of a degree of quenching at reionization cannot be ruled out. We do not find significant differences between the SFHs of the members and non-members of the vast, thin plane of satellites. The SFHs of the ISLAndS M31 dSphs appear to be more uniform than those of the MW dSphs. Specifically, the primary difference between the SFHs of the ISLAndS dSphs and MW dSph companions of similar luminosities and host distances is the absence of late-quenching (

τ

q

≤
5

Gyr

) dSphs in the ISLAndS sample. Thus, models that can produce satellite populations with and without late-quenching satellites are of extreme interest.
Dust in the Reionization Era: ALMA Observations of a z = 8.38 Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy
Authors: Laporte N. , Ellis R. S. , Boone F. , Bauer F. E. , Quénard D. , Roberts-Borsani G. W. , Pelló R. , Pérez-Fournon I. , Streblyanska A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We report on the detailed analysis of a gravitationally lensed Y-band dropout, A2744_YD4, selected from deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging in the Frontier Field cluster Abell 2744. Band 7 observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) indicate the proximate detection of a significant 1 mm continuum flux suggesting the presence of dust for a star-forming galaxy with a photometric redshift of

. Deep X-SHOOTER spectra confirms the high-redshift identity of A2744_YD4 via the detection of Lyα emission at a redshift z = 8.38. The association with the ALMA detection is confirmed by the presence of [O iii] 88 μm emission at the same redshift. Although both emission features are only significant at the 4σ level, we argue their joint detection and the positional coincidence with a high-redshift dropout in the Hubble Space Telescope images confirms the physical association. Analysis of the available photometric data and the modest gravitational magnification (

) indicates A2744_YD4 has a stellar mass of ∼2 × 109

, a star formation rate of ∼20

yr−1 and a dust mass of ∼6 × 106

. We discuss the implications of the formation of such a dust mass only

after the onset of cosmic reionization.
Fast Radio Bursts from Extragalactic Light Sails
Authors: Lingam Manasvi , Loeb Abraham 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We examine the possibility that fast radio bursts (FRBs) originate from the activity of extragalactic civilizations. Our analysis shows that beams used for powering large light sails could yield parameters that are consistent with FRBs. The characteristic diameter of the beam emitter is estimated through a combination of energetic and engineering constraints, and both approaches intriguingly yield a similar result that is on the scale of a large rocky planet. Moreover, the optimal frequency for powering the light sail is shown to be similar to the detected FRB frequencies. These “coincidences” lend some credence to the possibility that FRBs might be artificial in origin. Other relevant quantities, such as the characteristic mass of the light sail, and the angular velocity of the beam, are also derived. By using the FRB occurrence rate, we infer upper bounds on the rate of FRBs from extragalactic civilizations in a typical galaxy. The possibility of detecting fainter signals is briefly discussed, and the wait time for an exceptionally bright FRB event in the Milky Way is estimated.
Geniposide Demonstrates Anti-Inflammatory and Antiviral Activity against Pandemic A/Jiangsu/1/2009 (H1N1) Influenza virus Infection in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Yunshi , Yao Jing , Qi Xian , Liu Xing , Lu Xieqin , Feng Ganzhu 
Published: March 2017

Background Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have been a great threat to human health for centuries, without effective control. Geniposide, a main iridoid glycoside compound extracted from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit, possesses various biological activities including anti-inflammation and anti-virus. Methods Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were infected with pandemic A/Jiangsu/1/2009 (H1N1) influenza virus in vitro. Cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of geniposide were estimated by MTT assay. The influenza respiratory tract infection murine model was established by intranasal instillation of pandemic A/Jiangsu/1/2009 (H1N1) influenza virus. One day after infection, the mice were administered with geniposide (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/day) or the neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) peramivir (30 mg/kg/day). Body weight, survival time, viral titre and lung index of the mice were measured. The sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine levels of inflammatory cytokines. Results The data showed that geniposide had little cytotoxicity on MDCK cells and protected them from pandemic A/Jiangsu/1/2009 (H1N1) influenza virus-induced cell injury. In the infected mice, geniposide treatment significantly restored the body weights, decreased the mortality, alleviated viral titres and virus-induced lung lesions. Geniposide substantially inhibited the virus-induced alveolar wall changes, alveolar haemorrhage and neutrophil-infiltration in lung tissues. Levels of inflammatory mediators, including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were also markedly altered after treatment with geniposide. Conclusions Our investigation suggested that geniposide effectively inhibited cell damage mediated by pandemic A/Jiangsu/1/2009 (H1N1) influenza virus and mitigated virus-induced acute inflammation.
Penser les inégalités scolaires :
Authors: Blanchard Marianne , Cayouette-Remblière Joanie 
Published: March 2017

La question des inégalités scolaires est au cœur des travaux fondateurs de Pierre Bourdieu et Jean-Claude Passeron d’une part, de Raymond Boudon de l’autre. Si cette thématique reste aujourd’hui centrale en sociologie de l’éducation, les apports des recherches les plus récentes ne sont pas toujours connus. Les travaux présentés ici cherchent à rendre compte des différentes formes d’inégalités – liées à l’origine sociale, au sexe, à l’histoire migratoire – qui traversent le système éducatif français et à éclairer les multiples processus qui, en son sein ou dans les familles, contribuent à produire ces inégalités.
Le préfet face aux enseignants autonomistes en Guyane de 1946 au tournant des années 1960
Authors: Maurice Edenz 
Published: March 2017

À la suite de la départementalisation des vieilles colonies française en 1946, le préfet devient le chef des services de l’État de ces territoires. En Guyane, si dans un premier temps les populations se félicitent de cette inédite rencontre administrative, cette dernière ne s’en trouve pas moins, dans un second temps, bouleversée très rapidement. À partir du milieu des années 1950, la vie politique s’articule en effet entre une gauche locale créole et autonomiste et une droite départementaliste affiliée aux partis hexagonaux et taxée d’être sous la coupe du préfet. Les enseignants engagés dans les mouvements de cette gauche locale sont les principaux acteurs de cette inédite bipolarisation de la vie politique qui se traduit par de violents conflits. Prenant la mesure de ce phénomène à partir de rapports du préfet, le Gouvernement promulgue le 15 octobre 1960 une ordonnance qui prévoit sur proposition de ce même préfet le rappel d’office dans l’Hexagone des fonctionnaires perçus comme de virulents propagandistes d’idées subversives, au premier rang desquels se placent les enseignants autonomistes. Cet article montre comment en moins de vingt ans, l’opposition entre le préfet et les enseignants autonomistes donne à voir un nouvel espace politique dans l’ensemble national. Celui-ci se caractérise par une recomposition politique au cours de laquelle les enseignants créoles guyanais deviennent une élite dirigeante de leur département à la fois opposée et alliée à un préfet d’Outre-mer exerçant des pouvoirs exorbitants au nom de la crainte d’un séparatisme.
L’État outre-mer
Authors: Beauvallet Willy , Célestine Audrey , Roger Aurélie 
Published: March 2017

La « spécificité » de l’Outre-mer est sans doute l’une des convictions les mieux partagées par les différents acteurs impliqués dans l’action publique à destination des régions concernées, à tel point que, invoquée sur les sujets les plus divers, elle est devenue l’approche essentielle par laquelle ils s’en saisissent. Pourtant, la catégorie « outre-mer », loin de constituer une réalité objective, est le résultat d’une construction historique et sociale issue de mobilisations plurielles. Dans cet article, notre objectif est tout d’abord de montrer la construction institutionnelle de cette catégorie d’action publique en lien avec un espace social élitaire que nous désignons comme « l’État outre-mer » et qui a vu tant son autonomie que sa capacité à porter les intérêts des régions d’Outre-mer se renforcer au fil des années. Il s’agit en outre de montrer qu’au-delà de l’accord général sur la spécificité et l’exceptionnalité des outre-mer, les contours et le contenu de l’action publique les concernant restent l’objet de luttes de définition et de classement.
Characterizing Growth and Condition of Endangered Humpback Chub in the Lower Colorado River
Authors: III William E. Pine , Gerig Brandon S. , Finch Colton 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This paper is a preface to the two papers that follow in this issue. The two papers (by Pine et al. and Hayes et al.) use long-term fish sampling data from ongoing Humpback Chub monitoring efforts and archival otolith samples (from museums) collected in the lower Colorado and Little Colorado Rivers during periods of both cold- and warm-water conditions to assess whether Humpback Chub growth characteristics may have responded to changes in water temperature. Growth patterns are often of interest to resource managers because growth integrates a large range of environmental and ecological factors, including habitat conditions. Together, these papers contribute information to a large collection of recent studies, developing a line of evidence designed to inform management decisions related to water releases, dam operations, and management actions that could be taken to aid recovery of native fish populations in regulated river systems around the world.
Body Condition of Endangered Humpback Chub in Relation to Temperature and Discharge in the Lower Colorado River
Authors: Hayes Forest P. , Dodrill Michael J. , Gerig Brandon S. , Finch Colton , III William E. Pine 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDetermining the population status of endangered Humpback Chub Gila cypha is a major component of the adaptive management program designed to inform operation of Glen Canyon Dam upstream from Grand Canyon, Arizona. In recent decades, resource managers have identified a portfolio of management actions (with intermittent implementation) to promote population recovery of Humpback Chub, including nonnative fish removal, changes in water release volumes and discharge ramping schedules, and reductions in hydropower peaking operations. The Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon has increased over this same period, causal factors for which are unclear. We took advantage of unusual hydrology in the Colorado River basin in 2011 to assess trends in juvenile Humpback Chub length–weight relationships and condition in the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam as well as in the unregulated Little Colorado River. Within each river, we observed higher length–weight b-parameter estimates (exponent of the standard power equation) at higher water temperatures. We also found higher slope estimates for the length–weight relationship at higher temperatures in the Little Colorado River. Slope estimates were more variable in the Colorado River, where mean water temperatures were more uniform. The next step is to examine whether Humpback Chub length–weight relationships influence population metrics such as abundance or survival. If these relationships exist, then monitoring condition in juvenile Humpback Chub would provide a quick and low-cost technique for assessing population response to planned management experiments or changing environmental conditions.
Numerical Study of Partially Conservative Moment Equations in Kinetic Theory
Authors: Koellermeier Julian , Torrilhon Manuel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMoment models are often used for the solution of kinetic equations such as the Boltzmann equation. Unfortunately, standard models like Grad's equations are not hyperbolic and can lead to nonphysical solutions. Newly derived moment models like the Hyperbolic Moment Equations and the Quadrature-Based Moment Equations yield globally hyperbolic equations but are given in partially conservative form that cannot be written as a conservative system.In this paper we investigate the applicability of different dedicated numerical schemes to solve the partially conservative model equations. Caused by the non-conservative type of equation we obtain differences in the numerical solutions, but due to the structure of the moment systems we show that these effects are very small for standard simulation cases. After successful identification of useful numerical settings we show a convergence study for a shock tube problem and compare the results to a discrete velocity solution. The results are in good agreement with the reference solution and we see convergence considering an increasing number of moments.
Calculation of Resonance S-Matrix Poles by Means of Analytic Continuation in the Coupling Constant
Authors: Horáček Jiří , Pichl Lukáš 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe method of analytic continuation in the coupling constant in combination with the use of statistical Padé approximation is applied to the determination of complex S-matrix poles, i.e. to the determination of resonance energy and widths. These parameters are of vital importance in many physical, chemical and biological processes. It is shown that an alternative to the method of analytic continuation in the coupling constant exists which in principle makes it possible to locate several resonances at once, in contrast to the original method which yields parameters of only one resonance. In addition the new approach appears to be less sensitive to the choice of the perturbation interaction used for the analytical continuation than the original method. In this paper both approaches are compared and tested for model analytic separable potential. It is shown that the new variant of the method of analytic continuation in the coupling constant is more robust and efficient than the original method and yields reasonable results even for data of limited accuracy.
Terpenoid and carbonyl emissions from Norway spruce in Finland during the growing season
Authors: Hakola Hannele , Tarvainen Virpi , Praplan Arnaud P. , Jaars Kerneels , Hemmilä Marja , Kulmala Markku , Bäck Jaana , Hellén Heidi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. We present spring and summer volatile organic compound (VOC) emission rate measurements from Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) growing in a boreal forest in southern Finland. The measurements were conducted using in situ gas chromatograph with 1 to 2 h time resolution to reveal quantitative and qualitative short-term and seasonal variability of the emissions. The measurements cover altogether 14 weeks in years 2011, 2014 and 2015. Monoterpene (MT) and sesquiterpene (SQT) emission rates were measured all the time, but isoprene only in 2014 and 2015 and acetone and C4–C10 aldehydes only in 2015. The emission rates of all the compounds were low in spring, but MT, acetone, and C4–C10 aldehyde emission rates increased as summer proceeded, reaching maximum emission rates in July. Late summer mean values (late July and August) were 29, 17, and 33 ng g(dw)−1 h−1 for MTs, acetone, and aldehydes respectively. SQT emission rates increased during the summer and highest emissions were measured in late summer (late summer mean value 84 ng g(dw)−1 h−1) concomitant with highest linalool emissions most likely due to stress effects. The between-tree variability of emission pattern was studied by measuring seven different trees during the same afternoon using adsorbent tubes. Especially the contributions of limonene, terpinolene, and camphene were found to vary between trees, whereas proportions of α-pinene (25 ± 5 %) and β-pinene (7 ± 3 %) were more stable. Our results show that it is important to measure emissions at canopy level due to irregular emission pattern, but reliable SQT emission data can be measured only from enclosures. SQT emissions contributed more than 90 % of the ozone reactivity most of the time, and about 70 % of the OH reactivity during late summer. The contribution of aldehydes to OH reactivity was comparable to that of MT during late summer, 10–30 % most of the time.
An exploratory study on the aerosol height retrieval from OMI measurements of the 477  nm O2 − O2 spectral band using a neural network approach
Authors: Chimot Julien , Veefkind J. Pepijn , Vlemmix Tim , de Haan Johan F. , Amiridis Vassilis , Proestakis Emmanouil , Marinou Eleni , Levelt Pieternel F. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. This paper presents an exploratory study on the aerosol layer height (ALH) retrieval from the OMI 477 nm O2 − O2 spectral band. We have developed algorithms based on the multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network (NN) approach and applied them to 3-year (2005–2007) OMI cloud-free scenes over north-east Asia, collocated with MODIS Aqua aerosol product. In addition to the importance of aerosol altitude for climate and air quality objectives, our long-term motivation is to evaluate the possibility of retrieving ALH for potential future improvements of trace gas retrievals (e.g. NO2, HCHO, SO2) from UV–visible air quality satellite measurements over scenes including high aerosol concentrations. This study presents a first step of this long-term objective and evaluates, from a statistic point of view, an ensemble of OMI ALH retrievals over a long time period of 3 years covering a large industrialized continental region. This ALH retrieval relies on the analysis of the O2 − O2 slant column density (SCD) and requires an accurate knowledge of the aerosol optical thickness, τ. Using MODIS Aqua τ(550 nm) as a prior information, absolute seasonal differences between the LIdar climatology of vertical Aerosol Structure for space-based lidar simulation (LIVAS) and average OMI ALH, over scenes with MODIS τ(550 nm) ≥ 1. 0, are in the range of 260–800 m (assuming single scattering albedo ω0 = 0. 95) and 180–310 m (assuming ω0 = 0. 9). OMI ALH retrievals depend on the assumed aerosol single scattering albedo (sensitivity up to 660 m) and the chosen surface albedo (variation less than 200 m between OMLER and MODIS black-sky albedo). Scenes with τ ≤ 0. 5 are expected to show too large biases due to the little impact of particles on the O2 − O2 SCD changes. In addition, NN algorithms also enable aerosol optical thickness retrieval by exploring the OMI reflectance in the continuum. Comparisons with collocated MODIS Aqua show agreements between −0. 02  ±  0. 45 and −0. 18  ±  0. 24, depending on the season. Improvements may be obtained from a better knowledge of the surface albedo and higher accuracy of the aerosol model. Following the previous work over ocean of Park et al.(2016), our study shows the first encouraging aerosol layer height retrieval results over land from satellite observations of the 477 nm O2 − O2 absorption spectral band.
Science Education at Arts-Focused Colleges
Authors: Oswald W. Wyatt , Ritchie Aarika , Murray Amy Vashlishan , Honea Jon 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Many arts-focused colleges and universities in the United States offer their undergraduate students coursework in science. To better understand the delivery of science education at this type of institution, this article surveys the science programs of forty-one arts-oriented schools. The findings suggest that most science programs are located in general education departments alongside other liberal arts disciplines, and at most of the schools students are required to complete at least one science course. The findings also suggest that the context of science education at arts-focused colleges may encourage innovation in pedagogy and curriculum development. This article highlights courses and assignments from Emerson College and other schools in which scientific topics are aligned with arts fields or framed to emphasize the societal relevance of science and its place in our daily lives.
Student Motivations and Perceptions Across and Within Five Forms of Experiential Learning
Authors: Coker Jeffrey Scott , Porter Desiree Jasmine 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUnderstanding student motivations for participating in high-impact educational practices is important for improving learning experiences. This article explores student motivations across and within five forms of experiential learning at Elon University: study abroad, research, internships, service-learning, and leadership experiences. Surveys and interviews were used at the end of students' senior year to understand what drives choices, the obstacles hindering student decisions, and the perceived value of each experience. A complex web of motivations arose related to majors and career goals, the perceived value of different opportunities, learning goals, financial need, minority status, and other factors. Students perceived many benefits from experiential learning related to worldview (93 percent of students), career development (87 percent), and academic learning (84 percent), though students varied widely in reporting which experiences they valued most and least. Findings suggest four implications for practice: making experiential learning a more substantial part of curricula, having a diverse set of experiential learning opportunities available to meet diverse student needs, being attentive to the socioeconomic situations of students, and promoting the benefits of each experiential learning opportunity in a balanced way that promotes multiple facets of a liberal education.
Precedentes del diseño en la instrucción pública chilena [1849-1968).Escuela de artes y oficios, escuela de artes aplicadas.
Authors: Castillo Eduardo 
Published: March 2017

El presente artículo constituye un acercamiento a modelos de enseñanza orientados en el medio chileno hacia el ámbito tecnológico y el artístico, que durante más de un siglo contribuyeron a establecer relaciones -y tensiones- entre el arte, los oficios, la producción en serle y lo popular-local, coincidiendo durante el siglo XIX con el surgimiento de la industria en el país, y durante el
siglo XX, con los intentos de otorgar a la actividad productiva un carácter o identidad nacional, premisa que recorrió el discurso de distintos gobiernos y sectores políticos.