bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness analysis of app-delivered self-management support (selfBACK) in addition to usual care for people with low back pain in Denmark
Authors: Kongstad Line Planck , Øverås Cecilie Krage , Skovsgaard Christian Volmar , Sandal Louise Fleng , Hartvigsen Jan , Søgaard Karen , Mork Paul Jarle , Stochkendahl Mette Jensen 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the cost-effectiveness of individually tailored self-management support, delivered via the artificial intelligence-based selfBACK app, as an add-on to usual care for people with low back pain (LBP).DesignSecondary health-economic analysis of the selfBACK randomised controlled trial (RCT) with a 9-month follow-up conducted from a Danish national healthcare perspective (primary scenario) and a societal perspective limited to long-term productivity in the form of long-term absenteeism (secondary scenario).SettingPrimary care and an outpatient spine clinic in Denmark.ParticipantsA subset of Danish participants in the selfBACK RCT, including 297 adults with LBP randomised to the intervention (n=148) or the control group (n=149).InterventionsApp-delivered evidence-based, individually tailored self-management support as an add-on to usual care compared with usual care alone among people with LBP.Outcome measuresCosts of healthcare usage and productivity loss, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) based on the EuroQol-5L Dimension Questionnaire, meaningful changes in LBP-related disability measured by the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), costs (healthcare and productivity loss measured in Euro) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).ResultsThe incremental costs were higher for the selfBACK intervention (mean difference €230 (95% CI −136 to 595)), where ICERs showed an increase in costs of €7336 per QALY gained in the intervention group, and €1302 and €1634 for an additional person with minimal important change on the PSEQ and RMDQ score, respectively. At a cost-effectiveness threshold value of €23250, the selfBACK intervention has a 98% probability of being cost-effective. Analysis of productivity loss was very sensitive, which creates uncertainty about the results from a societal perspective limited to long-term productivity.ConclusionsFrom a healthcare perspective, the selfBACK intervention is likely to represent a cost-effective treatment for people with LBP. However, including productivity loss introduces uncertainty to the results.Trial registration numberNCT03798288.
Redlining in New York City: impacts on particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and birth outcomes
Authors: Herrera Teresa , Seok Eunsil , Cowell Whitney , Brown Eric , Magzamen Sheryl , Ako Ako Adams , Wright Rosalind J , Trasande Leonardo , Ortiz Robin , Stroustrup Annemarie , Ghassabian Akhgar 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundEvidence suggests historical redlining shaped the built environment and health outcomes in urban areas. Only a handful of studies have examined redlining’s association with air pollution and adverse birth outcomes in New York City (NYC). Additionally, no NYC-specific studies have examined the impact of redlining on birth weight.MethodsThis longitudinal cohort study analysed data from the National Institute of Health Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Programme to investigate the extent to which maternal residence in a historically redlined neighbourhood is associated with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure during pregnancy using multivariable regression models. Additionally, we examined how maternal residence in a historically redlined neighbourhood during pregnancy influenced birth weight z-score, preterm birth and low birth weight.ResultsOur air pollution model showed that living in a historically redlined census tract or an ungraded census tract was associated with increased PM2.5exposure during pregnancy. We also found living in a historically redlined census tract or an ungraded census tract was associated with a lower birth weight z-score. This finding remained significant when controlling for individual and census tract-level race, ethnicity and income. When we controlled PM2.5in our models assessing the relationship between redlining grade and birth outcome, our results did not change.DiscussionOur study supports the literature linking redlining to contemporary outcomes. However, our research in ungraded tracts suggests redlining alone is insufficient to fully explain inequality in birth outcomes and PM2.5levels today.
State-level association between income inequality and mortality in the USA, 1989–2019: ecological study
Authors: Dunn James R , Park Gum-Ryeong , Brydon Robbie , Veall Michael , Rolheiser Lyndsey A , Wolfson Michael , Siddiqi Arjumand , Ross Nancy A 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundPrior studies have shown a positive relationship between income inequality and population-level mortality. This study investigates whether the relationship between US state-level income inequality and all-cause mortality persisted from 1989 to 2019 and whether changes in income inequality were correlated with changes in mortality rates.MethodsWe perform repeated cross-sectional regressions of mortality on state-level inequality measures (Gini coefficients) at 10-year intervals. We also estimate the correlation between within-state changes in income inequality and changes in mortality rates using two time-series models, one with state- and year-fixed effects and one with a lagged dependent variable. Our primary regressions control for median income and are weighted by population.Main outcome measuresThe two primary outcomes are male and female age-adjusted mortality rates for the working-age (25–64) population in each state. The secondary outcome is all-age mortality.ResultsThere is a strong positive correlation between Gini and mortality in 1989. A 0.01 increase in Gini is associated with more deaths: 9.6/100 000 (95% CI 5.7, 13.5, p<0.01) for working-age females and 29.1 (21.2, 36.9, p<0.01) for working-age males. This correlation disappears or reverses by 2019 when a 0.01 increase in Gini is associated with fewer deaths: −6.7 (−12.2, –1.2, p<0.05) for working-age females and −6.2 (−15.5, 3.1, p>0.1) for working-age males. The correlation between the change in Gini and change in mortality is also negative for all outcomes using either time-series method. These results are generally robust for a range of income inequality measures.ConclusionThe absence or reversal of correlation after 1989 and the presence of an inverse correlation between change in inequality and change in all-cause mortality represents a significant reversal from the findings of a number of other studies. It also raises questions about the conditions under which income inequality may be an important policy target for improving population health.
Women working as cleaners in Spain: working conditions and use of psychotropic drugs
Authors: Utzet Mireia , Llorens-Serrano Clara , Ayala-Garcia Amaya , Esteve-Matalí Laura , Navarro-Giné Albert , Bacigalupe Amaia 
Published: September 2024

GoalsTo describe the exposure to psychosocial risks at work and the consumption of psychotropic drugs and opioids among women working as cleaners; and to analyse the association between their exposure to psychosocial risks and drug use.MethodsObservational cross-sectional study based on an online survey (collected during April and May 2021) from the wage-earning population in Spain. In this study, only women working in manual occupations were included (n=3430). Working conditions and drug consumption of cleaning workers were compared with those of other manual workers through bivariate analysis. The adjusted prevalence ratios and the corresponding 95% CIs were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance.ResultsCleaning workers were older and had more problems making ends meet than other manual workers and were significantly more exposed to low possibilities for development (85.2 (95% CI 81.8 to 88.0)), high strain (51.9 (95% CI 47.3 to 55.9)) and low social support from colleagues (72.0 (95% CI 68.1 to 75.7)) and supervisors (61.7 (95% CI 57.3 to 65.6)). They also scored higher prevalence rates for the use of tranquillisers (37.7 (95% CI 32.0 to 43.3)) and opioids (33.3 (95% CI 27.9 to 38.6)) consumption indicators. This consumption was associated significantly with high strain exposure and high insecurity over working conditions.DiscussionUnder the umbrella of the 2012 labour reform, cleaning companies shift the pressure and burden they have on ordinary cleaning staff in the form of low wages and precarious working conditions. Our results imply that addressing adverse working conditions, mainly high strain and insecurity over working conditions, may significantly contribute to reducing the gender and social inequalities among cleaning workers.
Experimental assessment of counterfog bioaerosol fast sampler for virus detection and decontamination
Authors: Pérez-Díaz José Luis , del Álamo Toraño Cristina , Alcamí Antonio , Vázquez-Calvo Ángela , Rodríguez-Caravaca Gil , Mendez-Vigo Pablo , Sánchez García-Casarrubios Juan , Sanchiz África , Martín Rocío , Hernáez Bruno , Moraga Ana , García-Castey Mayte , González-Serrano Rafael , Fernández-Moyano María del Cermen , Pérez- del Álamo Francisco Javier , Saavedra-González Julio César , Agudiez-Pérez Álvaro , Del-Álamo-Lobo María Pilar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe respiratory system is equipped with several defence mechanisms to protect the body from microorganisms and airborne pathogens. There are situations where the respiratory system can be overwhelmed or compromised and infection happens, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems. Airborne pathogens are a serious risk for human and animal health, as exemplified by the challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The list includes viruses of varying severity such as Influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, measles virus, Varicella-Zoster Virus, or Respiratory syncytial virus among others. Smaller particles can remain suspended in the air for longer periods and may reach the lower respiratory tract, including the alveoli in the lungs. The real-time detection of these pathogens in the air presents a significant challenge. The aerosols, especially those carrying viruses, are so small that they often elude conventional air samplers, making it difficult both to detect their presence and to remove them effectively from the air. This work introduces a recent technique designed for rapid aerosol sampling, with a particular emphasis on virus sampling. The system underwent calibration using artificial ɸ29 virus aerosols and was subsequently tested with naturally emitted aerosols of SARS-CoV-2. A series of tests were conducted in diverse settings, including hospitals, farms, offices, and railway cars. The equipment is also capable of swiftly removing bioaerosols from the air, thereby facilitating effective decontamination. The relevance of this technology lies in its capability for swift detection and elimination of viruses and other kinds of aerosols from air, facilitating prompt decision-making during high-risk events.
Tail Optimality of the Nudge-M Scheduling Algorithm
Authors: Charlet Nils , Van Houdt Benny 
Published: September 2024

Recently it was shown that the response time of First-Come- First-Served (FCFS) scheduling can be stochastically and asymptotically improved upon by the Nudge scheduling algorithm in case of light-tailed job size distributions. Such improvements are feasible even when the jobs are partitioned into two types and the scheduler only has information about the type of incoming jobs (but not their size).
In this paper we introduce Nudge-M scheduling, where basically any incoming type-1 job is allowed to pass any type-2 job that is still waiting in the queue given that it arrived as one of the last M jobs. We prove that Nudge- M has an asymptotically optimal response time within a large family of Nudge scheduling algorithms when job sizes are light-tailed. Simple explicit results for the the prefactor of Nudge-M are derived as well as explicit results for the optimal parameter M. An expression for the prefactor that only depends on the type-1 and type-2 mean job sizes and the fraction of type-1 jobs is presented in the heavy traffic setting.
Managing E-Motion and Motherhood Among Enslaved Women in East Africa
Authors: McMahon Elisabeth 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Drawing on the scholarships of ‘intimate mobilities’ and ‘action as proxy for voice’, this article explores how enslaved and emancipated girls and women in Eastern Africa demonstrated the resonance of their emotional lives through their movements. E-motions are defined by Pelckmans and Rodet in the introduction to this special issue as: ‘the gendered mobilities of girls and women who moved and continue to move […] in order to establish, consolidate or move out of emotional ties in intimate, affective and private spheres’. By analysing the choice of movement by recently freed women, this article examines the representations of emotional familial commitments through the actions of women, especially regarding motherhood.
Observed Associations between Fire Danger and Climate Modes and Their Representation in ACCESS-S2
Authors: Taylor Rachel , Marshall Andrew G. , Crimp Steven , Cary Geoffrey J. , Gregory Paul , Harris Sarah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The increasing frequency and severity of wildfires in Australia, driven by climate change, pose a significant threat to ecosystems, lives, and property. This study examines the impact of climate drivers, specifically El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), Southern Annular Mode (SAM), Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), and two modes of persistent high pressure in the Australia–Pacific region, on extreme fire danger. By analyzing observed and simulated fire danger in relation to these climate drivers, we aim to enhance our understanding of climate–fire mechanisms and contribute to Australia’s bushfire preparedness. Our findings indicate that all assessed drivers influence extreme fire danger, with key influences related to the drivers’ established relationships with rainfall and temperature. El Niño, positive IOD, and negative SAM events generally increase extreme fire danger across most of Australia and in most seasons. The two modes of Australian blocking exhibit similar effects, varying spatially. Specific phases of the MJO have significant seasonal relationships with fire danger. In some instances, increased fire danger is not directly linked to temperature or precipitation changes but rather driven by remote teleconnections, airflow, or pressure anomalies. Evaluating the accuracy of weather and climate forecasting systems in representing these relationships is crucial for the effective prediction and mitigation of fire hazards. The leading Australian climate simulation model effectively reproduces observed relationships but reveals biases in capturing certain aspects of climate variability. Advancements in this field would enhance fire weather forecasts, including those by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology with lead times of up to 4 months.

Significance Statement
This assessment of climate–fire relationships and modeling accuracy is pivotal in understanding the factors behind severe fire events and improving future predictions and mitigation. Prior research has already established links between elevated fire weather conditions and these climate drivers, highlighting their potential for predicting severe fire events. This study aims to deepen our comprehension of the factors driving severe fire events and facilitate improved bushfire risk management in Australia.
Evaluation of Norm-Constrained Capon Method on Improving Doppler Peak Localization of Antenna-Arrayed High-Frequency Coastal Radar
Authors: You Zhen-Xiong , Dao Duy-Toan , Lee Cheng-Da , Tsai Li-Hung , Chien Hwa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Antenna-arrayed high-frequency coastal radar is widely used to monitor the ocean and obtain metocean parameters such as sea surface current, sea wave height, and surface wind. However, the accuracy of these parameters can be significantly influenced by the spectral width and Doppler velocity of the sea echo signals across azimuthal directions, and insufficient spectrum resolution increases uncertainties in the estimates of spectral width and Doppler velocity. To address this, we demonstrate an alternative approach to beamforming by utilizing the norm-constrained Capon (NC-Capon) method to enhance the Doppler spectral resolution and improve the localization accuracy of the spectral peaks. The efficacy of the NC-Capon method is exemplified through an application to a coastal radar dataset collected from 16 receiving channels, operated at a central frequency of 27.75 MHz. A comparative investigation of the NC-Capon beamforming method with the conventional Fourier beamforming method showed that the widths of the spectral peaks at different range cells and azimuthal angles are noticeably improved at lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Given this, the NC-Capon beamforming method exhibits more robustness to noise and could effectively enhance the concentration of the radar sea echo signals in the Doppler frequency spectrum, thereby reducing the uncertainties of the spectral width and Doppler/radial velocity of the first-order sea echoes. These characteristics are substantiated by the comparative analysis of spectral parameters between the two beamforming methods across various ranges, beamforming angles, and SNR levels. Finally, the computed radial velocities are benchmarked against in situ measurements obtained from a bottom-mounted acoustic current profiler to confirm the validity of the NC-Capon method.

Significance Statement
We have recently implemented a high-frequency coastal radar equipped with an antenna array to monitor metocean variables within the offshore waters adjacent to Taichung Harbor in Taiwan. Our study focuses on enhancing the Doppler spectral resolution of radar sea echoes by employing an adaptive beamforming technique known as the norm-constrained Capon method. In comparison with the traditional linear beamforming approach, the norm-constrained Capon method demonstrates superior noise resilience. We anticipate that the norm-constrained Capon method holds promise as a dependable approach for refining the accuracy of metocean parameters obtained from antenna-arrayed high-frequency coastal radar systems.
Revisiting the Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis: The Case of Tonga using the FARDL Model and Fourier TY Causality Test
Authors: Kumar Nikeel Nishkar , Patel Arvind , Prasad Navneel Shalendra 
Published: September 2024

In this study, we revisit the tourism-led economic growth hypothesis for Tonga using the Fourier autoregressive distributed lag (FARDL) and Fourier Toda–Yamamoto (TY) causality test, using quarterly data over the sample from 1995Q1 to 2019Q4. The flexible Fourier form allows for incorporating the gradual effect of structural breaks without requiring structural break dummy variables, which are subject to the overfitting problem. The FARDL estimates indicate that tourism contributes positively to long-run growth. The Fourier TY causality test suggests unidirectional causality from tourism to economic growth. The results are robust after additional control variables, such as government expenditure, total trade, remittances, financial development and interaction effects between remittances and financial development. Appropriate attention is paid to remedying endogeneity biases by re-estimation with the generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator. JEL Codes: C22, Z23
Safety and feasibility of conversion from venoarterial to venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pediatric patients: A case series
Authors: Maselli Kathryn M , Shah Nikhil R , Williams Keyonna , Spencer Brianna , Gadepalli Samir K , Thirumoorthi Arul S 
Published: September 2024

Introduction In children requiring venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for long durations, conversion to venovenous (VV) support may be advantageous. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of conversion from VA to VV ECMO. Methods This is a retrospective review of all children who underwent conversion from VA to VV ECMO at a single institution, from 2015 to 2022. Indications for and methods of conversion were examined as well as adverse events including re-operation, ischemic complications, renal failure, and mortality. Results Of 422 pediatric patients on initial VA ECMO, 4 children (0.9%) underwent conversion from VA to VV support. The indications for cannulation were: respiratory failure due to COVID19, respiratory failure due to congenital diaphragmatic hernia, cardiac dysfunction following heart transplant, and sepsis with associated left ventricular dysfunction. The indications for conversion were bleeding from the arterial cannula and ongoing respiratory failure. The median time to conversion was 6.5 days (range 4–54 days) and the median length of ECMO run was 34.5 days. Three patients required renal replacement therapy with two progressing to long-term dialysis. There were no ischemic limb complications although one patient developed a femoral artery pseudoaneurysm that required re-operation. Three patients survived to discharge. One patient was unable to be decannulated after conversion and mechanical support was withdrawn. Conclusions Conversion to VV ECMO from initial VA ECMO cannulation is feasible but a rare event. For patients with cardiac stability but continued need for respiratory support, conversion to VV ECMO can be considered.
Comparison of Mini-implants Placed at Different Heights and Angulations for Retraction and Intrusion of Maxillary Incisors: A Finite Element Model Study
Authors: Sharma Varsha , Singla Anil , Jaj Harupinder Singh , Mahajan Vivek , Thakur Shikha , Nadda Parishrut 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Space closure is the most common treatment mechanic used in orthodontics in clinical practice. It can be done with friction and frictionless mechanics, and nowadays by using mini-implants. These mini-implants provide an absolute source of anchorage to obtain dental and soft tissue changes that are desired, thus helping to improve the patient’s profile. Aims and Objectives To evaluate the stress distribution patterns in the tooth, bone, and periodontal ligament in mini-implants placed at different heights and angulations for retraction and intrusion of maxillary incisors using finite element model (FEM). Materials and Methods FEMs of maxillary teeth and periodontal ligament housed in alveolar bone with the first premolars extracted were constructed. These models were further divided into two groups based on the number of implants. In group I, two implants were placed bilaterally between the second premolar and first molar at variable heights (7, 10, and 13 mm) and at different angulations (45° and 60°) to the long axis of the occlusal plane. In group II, along with the two bilateral mini-implants, an additional mid-implant was placed between two central incisors. These models were simulated using ANSYS 19.2 version software. Results The maximum distribution of stress (MPa) in hard bone, soft bone, and implant was seen in the FEM 7 model and was 17.65, 0.210, and 61.62 MPa, respectively, during the retraction and intrusion of maxillary anterior teeth. The highest stress distribution (MPa) was seen in the lateral incisor tooth in FEM 7 model (0.748 MPa) and also in the periodontal ligament around the lateral incisor in FEM 7 model (0.684 MPa). Conclusion The stress distribution was found to be highest in the lateral incisor tooth, periodontal ligament of the lateral incisor, and hard bone. The stress distribution pattern showed variation with different heights and angulations of the mini-implant. As the angle of insertion of the mini-implant to the long axis of the occlusal plane increases, the stresses generated in the bone decrease.