bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVII-27 Nasal surface temperature variation before, during and after routine interventions
Authors: Taylor James , Mulvenna Christina , Domínguez-Oliva Adriana , Mote-Rojas Daniel , Hernández-Ávalos Ismael , Muns Ramon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Routine practices such as teeth clipping (TEE), tail docking (TAI) and ear tagging (TAG) can be considered controversial due to the potential pain or stress they might cause. This study sought to evaluate how nasal surface temperature changes before, during and after each of these procedures (TEE, TAI, TAG) as performed routinely on a commercial farm. A total of 116 crossbred piglets (Landrace x Large white x Duroc Danish) from multiparous sows were used. As litters were processed, thermographic images were taken using a high-resolution handheld infrared camera FLIR T650sc (640 x 480 pixels; FLIR Systems, Wilsonville, OR) at a uniform distance of 1 m on the left side of the face. All thermal images were collected between 0900 and 1600 h. To assess procedures separately, a recovery period (12 ± 2.5 min) was allowed between procedures. Due to order differences in which procedures were implemented, the following study groups were created (procedures in brackets indicate the procedures performed prior to the procedure being assessed): TEE, (TEE+) TAI, (TEE+TAI+) TAG, TAI, (TAI+) TEE, (TAI+TEE+) TAG, TAG, (TAG+) TEE, (TAG+TEE+) TAI. Temperature values were recorded from images using FLIR Tools software 6.0 (FLIR Systems). GraphPad Prism 10.0.2 (San Diego, CA) statistical software was used to analyze the obtained data. All data were analyzed via a linear mixed model for repeated measures and Multiple comparisons were calculated using a post-hoc Tukey test (GraphPad Prism 10.0.2). There were no significant differences in Nasal surface temperature among groups at any time points (Table 1, P &gt; 0.05). However, there was a significant reduction in temperature from before the procedure(s) to during and after the procedures in the TAG (P = 0.006) and the (TEE+) TAG (P &lt; 0.001) groups. Changes in the surface temperature of piglets can be related to the sympathetic activity and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation during the perception of a stressor, which causes a sympathetically mediated acute vasomotor response that shifts cutaneous capillary blood flow due to transient peripheral vasoconstriction. Infrared thermography recognizes such blood flow changes as a reduction in the amount of heat radiated from the skin. Indeed, the nasal surface temperature was reduced in TAG and (TEE+) TAG piglets during and after the procedure(s) which suggests these procedure groups caused a greater degree of thermal change to the piglets. Furthermore, the results suggest that infrared thermography could be a useful tool to assess the impact of routine husbandry practices on piglet welfare. Nonetheless, further research should assess infrared thermography alongside behavioral and physiological assessments to establish the relationship between surface temperature and stress during husbandry procedures.
PSVII-28 A comparative analysis on student learning using DNA barcoding in undergraduate biology courses
Authors: Craig Helen , Kraemer Jenna , Lamp Bill 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
DNA barcoding is a growing field and is increasingly used to identify animal and plant specimens down to the species level. This type of molecular work is beneficial for animal science students for its use in identifying insect pests or bacterial infections. However, it is equally important for students outside of STEM concentrations to be exposed to molecular work to develop a better understanding of science and combat the growing distrust in science. The overall goal of this project was to train non-molecular biologists in DNA barcoding using active learning techniques. The objectives of the present study were to 1) expose two groups of students (BSCI145 and BSCI467) to molecular lab work, particularly DNA barcoding, 2) effectively communicate how molecular methods can be applied to ecological purposes, and 3) demonstrate that this molecular method can be used for university-level education at two scales. We hypothesized that students at both the 100 and 400 level would exit this experience with a proportionally deeper understanding of how DNA barcoding works and an appreciation for its applications as a result of the hands-on module. We did not expect there to be a significant barrier between the ability to learn this molecular method of 100 and 400 level students. To assess these hypotheses, students in both courses were given a survey at the beginning and end of the semester with the same or very similar questions to observe how their knowledge of DNA barcoding did or did not change. One semester of BSCI145 and 2 semesters of BSCI467 were sampled (n = 24 100 level students, n = 84 400 level students). Surveys were collected anonymously and evaluated using rubrics to assess “correctness”. An ANOVA revealed statistically significant effects from both the course level (P = 0.004) and the survey scores (P = 0.001), indicating that both course level and basal knowledge contribute to explaining the variance in learning. Additionally, Tukey HSD test results displayed students in BSCI 145 exhibited a significantly greater mean learning change when compared with both BSCI 467 2022 and BSCI 467 2023 (P = 0.008 and P = 0.006 respectively). Finally, a linear regression analysis displayed a significant negative relationship between pre-survey scores and mean learning change (β = -0.850, P = 0.001). This means that students with a greater initial learning reference point will not increase in learning as much when compared with students with a decreased initial learning reference point. In conclusion, we accept our hypotheses that students at different academic levels with different backgrounds can successfully learn molecular techniques when provided hands-on modules. This is relevant to education and extension when working with individuals who may not know hard science.
Combined analysis of lncRNA and mRNA emphasizes the potential role of tryptophan-mediated regulation of muscle development in weaned piglets by lncRNA
Authors: He Tianle , Li Chenlei , Chen Qingyun , Li Ruiqian , Luo Ju , Mao Jiani , Yang Zhenguo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pork is an important high-value protein source that fulfills the nutritional requirements for normal growth development, repair, and metabolism. Tryptophan (Trp), a crucial amino acid for piglet growth performance and muscle development, has an essential yet unclear regulatory mechanism. To investigate the biological basis of Trp regulation of piglet muscle development and identify the related regulatory pathways, we studied 20 weaned piglets. The piglets were divided into control (CON, 0.14% Trp) and high Trp (HT, 0.35% Trp) groups. They were fed with different Trp concentrations for 28 d, after which we collected the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle for histomorphometric analysis and RNA extraction. Our results showed that the HT diet significantly increased the average daily weight gain, myocyte number, and muscle fiber density in weaned piglets. We then analyzed the differentially expressed (DE) genes in the LD muscle through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). We identified 253 lncRNAs and 1,055 mRNAs mainly involved in myoblast proliferation and myofiber formation, particularly through the FoxO and AMPK signaling pathways and metabolism. Further analysis of the DE lncRNA targeting relationship and construction of a protein–protein interaction network resulted in the discovery of a novel lncRNA, XLOC_021675, or FRPMD, and elucidated its role in regulating piglet muscle development. Finally, we confirmed the RNA-seq results by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This study provides valuable insights into the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA-mediated Trp regulation of muscle development in weaned piglets offering a theoretical basis for optimizing piglet dietary ratios and enhancing pork production.
New insights into the regulation and roles of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate
Authors: Hasegawa Junya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIPs) are phospholipids and components of the cellular membrane. In mammals, seven phosphorylated derivatives of PIPs have been identified. Among them, phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2] is produced by lipid phosphatases (e.g., SHIP2) or by lipid kinases PI3KC2α and PI3KC2β. Although PI(3,4)P2 is undetectable in normal mouse or human tissues and common cell lines, it appears in a mouse prostate cancer model and in cells exposed to oxidative stress, indicating that PI(3,4)P2 is involved in the pathogenesis of some diseases. Here, I summarize recent findings on the cellular roles and pathophysiological significance of PI(3,4)P2.
Pediatric Burn Unit Admission is Associated with School Holidays and Lower Home Childhood Opportunity Level
Authors: Ross Erin E , Flores Elizabeth , Zachary Paige K D , Yenikomshian Haig A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Burn injury can have profound detrimental effects on the quality of life and mental health of children. We collected demographics, burn etiology, burn date, and home zip code for pediatric patients admitted to our burn unit from 2016 to 2023. Age, burn date, and etiology of burn were used to assess temporal and mechanistic patterns of injury for preschool-age and school-age children. Home zip code was used to determine each child’s home Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) score, which is composed of subdomains for Education, Health and Environment, and Social and Economic. We calculated the odds ratio for odds of pediatric burn admission for each COI subdomain quintile, using very high opportunity neighborhoods as the reference. Scald was the prevailing burn etiology (64%). In school-age children, July was the month with the most burn injuries (19%), attributable to firework injuries. School-age children were also more likely to be injured in a week without classroom instruction (P &lt; .001). There was a dose–response relationship between COI and odds of burn admission, with the greatest odds of burn admission observed for children from very low educational opportunity areas (OR 5.21, 95% CI 3.67-7.39). These findings support interventions for burn prevention such as increased education about the dangers of fireworks, addressing inequities in access to childcare and extracurricular activities, and reducing the default water heater temperatures in multi-unit dwellings.
People Believe If 90% Prefer A over B, A Must Be Much Better than B. Are They Wrong?
Authors: Overton Graham , Evangelidis Ioannis , Vosgerau Joachim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We show that consumers confuse consensus information in polls—such as 90% prefer product A over product B—with differences in liking—the extent to which poll respondents like A better than B. Consequently, they interpret a 90% consensus in favor of A as the average liking of A being considerably higher than the average liking of B. We demonstrate empirically and with simulations that—while this can be true—it is more probable that the average liking of A is only slightly higher than that of B. This regularity is robust to the sign and size of the correlation between ratings for A and B, and across most distributions for A and B’s liking. Consumers are not aware of this regularity and believe that 90% consensus implies A being much better than B. Communicators (marketers, managers, public policy makers, etc.) can capitalize on these erroneous inferences and strategically display preference information as consensus or as liking ratings, leading to dramatic shifts in choices. Consumers’ erroneous inferences can be corrected by educating them about the shape of the distribution of liking differences. We discuss theoretical and managerial implications for the understanding and usage of polls.
The role of mate competition in speciation and divergence: a systematic review
Authors: Lackey Alycia C R , Scordato Elizabeth S C , Keagy Jason , Tinghitella Robin M , Heathcote Robert J P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Competition for mates can play a critical role in determining reproductive success, shaping phenotypic variation within populations, and influencing divergence. Yet, studies of the role of sexual selection in divergence and speciation have focused disproportionately on mate choice. Here, we synthesize the literature on how mate competition may contribute to speciation and integrate concepts from work on sexual selection within populations—mating systems, ecology, and mate choice. Using this synthesis, we generate testable predictions for how mate competition may contribute to divergence. Then, we identify the extent of existing support for these predictions in the literature with a systematic review of the consequences of mate competition for population divergence across a range of evolutionary, ecological, and geographic contexts. We broadly evaluate current evidence, identify gaps in available data and hypotheses that need testing, and outline promising directions for future work. A major finding is that mate competition may commonly facilitate further divergence after initial divergence has occurred, e.g., upon secondary contact and between allopatric populations. Importantly, current hypotheses for how mate competition contributes to divergence do not fully explain observed patterns. While results from many studies fit predictions of negative frequency-dependent selection, agonistic character displacement, and ecological selection, results from ~30% of studies did not fit existing conceptual models. This review identifies future research aims for scenarios in which mate competition is likely important but has been understudied, including how ecological context and interactions between mate choice and mate competition can facilitate or hinder divergence and speciation.
Viability of fracture characterization using seismic attributes through seismic physical modeling
Authors: Liu Enliang , Zhang Feng , Huo Shoudong , Ding Pinbo , Li Xiangyang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Seismic attributes have been widely utilized for fault detection; however, accurately characterizing mesoscale fractures (1/10 to 1/4 wavelength) using these attributes remains challenging, particularly in complex geological setting. To explicitly reveal the effectiveness of seismic attributes in fracture characterization, we constructed a realistic physical model based on the stratigraphic structure of a real shale-gas play. This model incorporates several faults and six fracture zones containing vertically aligned mesoscale fractures of varying fracture densities, embedded in a target layer of 40 m equivalent thickness. Through a comprehensive evaluation of various seismic attributes, we demonstrate that, while these attributes effectively map faults or macroscale fractures, they are less reliable for characterizing mesoscale fractures. Although mesoscale fractures induce anomalies in seismic amplitude and attributes, the magnitude of these anomalies does not correlate with the fracture density. To address this limitation, we introduce the amplitude at the dominant frequency (ADF) attribute, designed to characterize fracture density in thin beds with mesoscale fractures. A strong relationship is observed between fracture density and the ADF attribute, with a correlation coefficient of 0.8067. Thus, the ADF attribute serves as a valuable tool for interpreting seismic data in the context of mesoscale fracture density.
The automatic termination clause in the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement—brinkmanship for future negotiation or a time bomb for self-destruction?
Authors: Lee Jaemin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Fisheries Subsidies Agreement (FSA) is an important stride forward, but its future is uncertain because of the embedded automatic termination clause. There is a substantial possibility that this provision comes into effect. It would be prudent to focus on how best to utilize the FSA before that scenario materializes. Most notably, international law jurisprudence and World Trade Organization precedents posit that panels can continue to review disputes and issue decisions even after the FSA is terminated as long as the disputes are brought to them before termination. The automatic termination clause is a unique, unprecedented feature, which may kill the hard-earned momentum of the fisheries subsidies regulation. If managed well, however, the potential damage can be controlled and the new agreement can be utilized for the ultimate success of global fisheries subsidies regulation.
Systematics of the Rhinolophus landeri complex, with evidence for 3 additional Afrotropical bat species
Authors: Patterson Bruce D , Demos Terrence C , Torrent Laura , Grunwald Amanda L , Montauban Cecilia , Kerbis Peterhans Julian C , McDonough Molly M , Dick Carl W , Bartonjo Michael , Schoeman M Corrie , Ruedas Luis A , Juste Javier 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Roughly a third of all horseshoe bat species (Rhinolophidae: Rhinolophus) are found in Africa, where a recent continent-wide genetic survey suggested the presence of both undescribed and apparently invalid species. Here, we focus on the R. landeri species complex and the recent elevation of R. lobatus Peters, 1852, to species rank. That action created ambiguity in the taxonomy of East African members of the group—are both R. landeri Martin, 1838, and R. lobatus sympatric in East Africa or is another, unnamed species present there? Here, we refine genetic, morphological, and behavioral characterizations of R. landeri and its erstwhile synonyms with samples from the vicinity of their type localities. The distribution of R. landeri appears to be limited to Central and West Africa; existing genetic records attributed to this species from Mali clearly represent another taxon. We marshal genetic evidence for the species-level distinction of R. dobsoni Thomas, 1904, from Sudan, which was previously considered a synonym of R. landeri. We reject R. axillaris J. A. Allen, 1917, as a synonym of the R. landeri complex, provisionally regarding it as a valid member of the landeri species group. Finally, we demonstrate that East Africa is home to a fourth species of the landeri complex that is named herein. Final resolution of the systematics of this species complex awaits expanded characterizations (especially of genetics, vocalizations, and noseleaves) and studies of variation in regions of contact.
Learning outcomes for participants in citizen science mosquito surveillance
Authors: Braz Sousa Larissa , Fricker Stephen , Webb Cameron , Baldock Katherine L , Williams Craig R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Although citizen science initiatives have been increasing globally, there is still a gap in understanding how they can result in sustainable benefits for citizen scientists. This article addresses dual goals of (i) collecting relevant data on potential vector mosquitoes and (ii) delivering learning outcomes among participants in a citizen science mosquito surveillance program. Mozzie Monitors uses an e-entomology approach to collect and identify mosquitoes of medical importance. This study used quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method approaches, comprised of before and after longitudinal surveys, in-depth interviews and descriptive assessment of mosquito attributes to assess participants’ educational gains and data collection scalability. Results showed that mosquito abundance and diversity differed in each study location, with Aedes notoscriptus (Skuse) being the most common mosquito reported in all areas. Citizen scientists were predominantly women over 50 and highly educated. The before-and-after analysis showed that participants learned how to identify the most common mosquito species after participating in the program. They also improved their technical skills in mosquito photography, increasing the rates of identifiable photos. Finally, participating in this citizen science program resulted in behavior changes, with participants starting to look for mosquito eggs and larvae in their backyards to manage mosquito populations. The mixed methods used in this research showed increased participants’ confidence, self-efficacy, and engagement throughout the trial. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of Mozzie Monitors to contribute to the dual goals of mosquito data contribution and citizen scientists’ educational outcomes for improved public health.
NCCN guideline–concordant cancer care in sub-Saharan Africa: a population-based multicountry study of 5 cancers
Authors: Mezger Nikolaus Christian Simon , Seraphin Tobias Paul , Ballé Robert , Griesel Mirko , Joko-Fru Yvonne Walburga , Hämmerl Lucia , Feuchtner Jana , Liu Biying , Zietsman Annelle , Kamaté Bakarou , Gnangnon Freddy Houéhanou Rodrigue , Gnahatin Franck , Mboungou Dimitry Moudiongui , Assefa Mathewos , Amulen Phoebe Mary , Chesumbai Gladys , Chingonzoh Tatenda , Lorenzoni Cesaltina Feirreira , Korir Anne , Carvalho Santos Pablo S , Mezger Jörg Michael , Al-Ali Haifa Kathrin , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Parkin Donald Max , Jemal Ahmedin , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
To assess population-based quality of cancer care in sub-Saharan Africa and to identify specific gaps and joint opportunities, we assessed concordance of diagnostics and treatments with National Comprehensive Cancer Network Harmonized Guidelines for leading cancer types in 10 countries.

Methods
Adult patients with female breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and prostate cancer were randomly drawn from 11 population-based cancer registries. Guideline concordance of diagnostics and treatment was assessed using clinical records. In a subcohort of 906 patients with potentially curable cancer (stage I-III breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma [any stage]) and documentation for more than 1 month after diagnosis, we estimated factors associated with guideline-concordant treatment or minor deviations.

Results
Diagnostic information based on guidelines was complete for 1030 (31.7%) of a total of 3246 patients included. In the subcohort with curable cancer, guideline-concordant treatment was documented in 374 (41.3%, corresponding to 11.7% of 3246 patients included in the population-based cohort): aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (59.8%/9.1% population based), breast cancer (54.5%/19.0%), prostate cancer (39.0%/6.1%), colorectal cancer (33.9%/9.5%), and cervical cancer (27.8%/11.6%). Guideline-concordant treatment was most frequent in Namibia (73.1% of the curable cancer subcohort/32.8% population based) and lowest in Kampala, Uganda (13.5%/3.1%). Guideline-concordant treatment was negatively associated with poor ECOG-ACRIN performance status, locally advanced disease stage, origin from low Human Development Index countries, and a diagnosis of colorectal cancer or cervical cancer.

Conclusions
The quality of diagnostic workup and treatment showed major deficits, with considerable disparities among countries and cancer types. Improved diagnostic services are necessary to increase the share of curable cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Treatment components within National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines for several cancers should be prioritized.