bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IRS2 Signaling Protects Against Stress-Induced Arrhythmia by Maintaining Ca
2+
Homeostasis
Authors: Shi Qian , Wang Jinxi , Malik Hamza , Li Xuguang , Streeter Jennifer , Sharafuddin Jacob , Weatherford Eric , Stein David , Itan Yuval , Chen Biyi , Hall Duane , Song Long-Sheng , Abel E. Dale 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

The docking protein IRS2 (insulin receptor substrate protein-2) is an important mediator of insulin signaling and may also regulate other signaling pathways. Murine hearts with cardiomyocyte-restricted deletion of
Irs2
(cIRS2-KO) are more susceptible to pressure overload–induced cardiac dysfunction, implying a critical protective role of IRS2 in cardiac adaptation to stress through mechanisms that are not fully understood. There is limited evidence regarding the function of IRS2 beyond metabolic homeostasis regulation, particularly in the context of cardiac disease.

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis of an electronic medical record database was conducted to identify patients with
IRS2
variants and assess their risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Arrhythmia susceptibility was examined in cIRS2-KO mice. The underlying mechanisms were investigated using confocal calcium imaging of ex vivo whole hearts and isolated cardiomyocytes to assess calcium handling, Western blotting to analyze the involved signaling pathways, and pharmacological and genetic interventions to rescue arrhythmias in cIRS2-KO mice.

RESULTS:

The retrospective analysis identified patients with
IRS2
variants of uncertain significance with a potential association to an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias compared with matched controls. cIRS2-KO hearts were found to be prone to catecholamine-sensitive ventricular tachycardia and reperfusion ventricular tachycardia. Confocal calcium imaging of ex vivo whole hearts and single isolated cardiomyocytes from cIRS2-KO hearts revealed decreased Ca²⁺ transient amplitudes, increased spontaneous Ca²⁺ sparks, and reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ content during sympathetic stress, indicating sarcoplasmic reticulum dysfunction. We identified that overactivation of the AKT1/NOS3 (nitric oxide synthase 3)/CaMKII (Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II)/RyR2 (type 2 ryanodine receptor) signaling pathway led to calcium mishandling and catecholamine-sensitive ventricular tachycardia in cIRS2-KO hearts. Pharmacological AKT inhibition or genetic stabilization of RyR2 rescued catecholamine-sensitive ventricular tachycardia in cIRS2-KO mice.

CONCLUSIONS:
Cardiac IRS2 inhibits sympathetic stress-induced AKT/NOS3/CaMKII/RyR2 overactivation and calcium-dependent arrhythmogenesis. This novel IRS2 signaling axis, essential for maintaining cardiac calcium homeostasis under stress, presents a promising target for developing new antiarrhythmic therapies.
To Enact or to Implement?
Authors: Dunee Donatus , Ayimadu Edwin Twum , Asante Isaac Osei , Mwinbuobu Vitus Galaa , Felicia Pangestu Fira , Daanaah Benedicta 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study analyses Ghana’s climate-change legal and policy frameworks, pinpointing significant gaps and offering targeted recommendations to bolster the nation’s resilience against climate change. Despite Ghana’s commitments under international agreements and the formulation of national policies, challenges persist in policy implementation, sectoral integration, research, stakeholder engagement, funding and adaptation strategies. The paper argues for a robust, integrated approach to enhance Ghana’s climate governance, highlighting the necessity for improved implementation capacity, cross-sectoral policy harmonisation, enhanced climate data collection, active stakeholder participation, innovative financing and a stronger focus on adaptation and resilience. Key recommendations advocate for political commitment, collaborative efforts and resource mobilisation to ensure effective climate action. This condensed analysis contributes to the broader dialogue on climate-change management in emerging economies, offering insights for policy-makers and stakeholders on advancing climate resilience and sustainable development.
Investigating the Atmospheric Conditions Associated with Impactful Shallow Landslides in California (USA)
Authors: Oakley Nina S. , Perkins Jonathan P. , Bartlett Samuel M. , Collins Brian D. , Comstock Karimah H. , Brien Dianne L. , Burgess W. Paul , Corbett Skye C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Shallow landslides are often triggered during rainfall events, which can increase subsurface soil water pressure and destabilize hillslopes. The likelihood of regional shallow landslide initiation is often assessed through a comparison of rainfall intensity and duration to pre-established thresholds. While informative for landslide warning, this exclusive focus on rainfall exceeding thresholds does not consider the meteorological conditions producing the rainfall. Here, we ask the question, are there common meteorological characteristics that lead to landslide-triggering precipitation? We develop a catalog of 18 post-1995 widespread, impactful shallow landslide events occurring within 13 storms across California, USA, where initiation time could be constrained to a ≤6-h window. We examine storm characteristics during the landslide initiation window using atmospheric reanalysis products, radar observations, and quantitative precipitation estimates. We find that, while there are some common atmospheric characteristics across landslide events, they can occur under a range of atmospheric conditions. For example, all Northern California landslide events assessed are associated with moderate to strong atmospheric rivers (ARs), while Southern California landslides feature non-AR to strong AR conditions. The storm events evaluated herein share many characteristics of hydrologically important storms in California that did not necessarily result in landslides; thus, atmospheric characteristics alone may not be sufficient to determine whether landslides will occur. However, documenting the characteristics of landslide-triggering storms defines the conditions under which landslides tend to occur, provides analog events that can be useful in forecast applications, helps define future research directions relating to atmospheric conditions and landslides, and supports interdisciplinary research efforts.

Significance Statement
Rainfall-triggered landslides pose a threat to communities situated in and around California’s steep terrain. Thresholds related to measured antecedent rainfall accumulation and anticipated rainfall intensity over various durations are typically used for predicting landslide occurrence. Here, we assess various atmospheric characteristics of 18 storms that triggered landslides to determine whether there are common characteristics that could provide insight into landslide occurrence beyond precipitation information. Our results indicate while there are some common characteristics across landslide events, the events can occur under a range of conditions. This finding and the documentation of these events are useful for communicating weather forecasts and potential hazards, help build an interdisciplinary understanding of landslide-triggering precipitation, and highlight future research needs.
Process-Oriented Compound Long-Duration Dry and Hot Events in China: Atmospheric Conditions, Moisture, and Heat Budget Analyses
Authors: Yang Yi , Tang Jianping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Summertime compound dry and hot events pose severe threats to agricultural production and human health, especially those with a long duration. Considering the joint evolution of such hazards in space and time, spatiotemporal compound long-duration dry and hot (SLDDH) events in China during 1961–2022 are identified with a process-oriented method. Here, we investigate the associated large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns and the physical processes causing their precipitation and temperature anomalies. In all regions of China, this persistent dry–hot compound extreme is accompanied by anomalous high pressure systems along with enhanced descending motion, increased net surface solar radiation, and decreased water vapor flux convergence. Moisture budget diagnosis shows that precipitation deficits during the SLDDH events are produced primarily by the suppressed vertical moisture advection associated with the dynamical contribution of anomalous subsidence, while the thermodynamic process due to the anomaly in atmospheric moisture content makes a small contribution. Horizontal temperature advection generally plays a negative role in sustaining SLDDH events, while it helps trigger the events in North China. In most regions, adiabatic warming due to abnormal subsidence plays a dominant role in determining the near-surface high temperatures during the long-lasting warm and dry periods, whereas diabatic heating has a cooling or small effect therein. However, in some northern areas such as North China and northern Xinjiang, hot extremes during SLDDH events arise from a combination of diabatic heating and adiabatic warming. This study thus quantifies and reveals the crucial factors leading to the severity of compound dry and hot events.
A Markov Model Approach for Statistical Tropical Cyclone Wind Radii Baseline Forecasts
Authors: Knaff John A. , Sampson Charles R. , Slocum Christopher J. , Tourville Natalie D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A skill baseline for 5-day, 34-, 50-, and 64-kt (1 kt = 0.514 m s−1) tropical cyclone (TC) wind radii forecasts is described. The Markov Model Cliper (MMCL) generates a sequence of 12-h forecasts out to a forecast length limited only by the length of the forecast track and intensity. The model employs a climatology of TC size based on infrared satellite imagery, a Markov chain, and a basin-specific drift. MMCL uses the initial wind radii and initial track and intensity forecast as input. Unlike the previously developed wind radii climatology and persistence model (DRCL) that reverts to a climatological size and shape after approximately 48 h, MMCL retains more of its initial size and asymmetry and is likely more palatable for use in operational forecasting. MMCL runs operationally in the western North Pacific basin, the north Indian Ocean, and the Southern Hemisphere for the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This work also describes the development of Atlantic and eastern North Pacific versions of MMCL. MMCL’s formulation allows unlimited extension of forecast lead time without reverting to a generic climatological size and shape. Independent forecast comparisons between MMCL and DRCL for the 2020–22 seasons demonstrates that MMCL’s mean absolute errors are generally smaller and biases are closer to zero in North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific basins and in the Southern Hemisphere. This validation includes a few example forecasts and demonstrates that MMCL can be used both as a baseline for assessing wind radii forecast skill and operational use.

Significance Statement
Skill baselines for forecasts play a key role in assessing the difficulties of individual forecasts and the forecast skill of more complex algorithms. Baselines serve as guidance when better-performing algorithms are unavailable or inconsistent with the operational forecasts. Here, we present a simple and always available algorithm for generating tropical cyclone (TC) wind radii that retain size and shape throughout the forecast better than the prior developed method. The algorithm also better captures the nearly ubiquitous wind field expansion through a tropical cyclone lifetime. This algorithm, developed to use the same initial data as its predecessor, provides more realistic forecast wind radii and has performance that is slightly superior to its predecessor.
Listening ‘with’ children ‘to’ the more-than-human world: A diffractive analysis of the child and the challenge of sustainability
Authors: Bailey Kathleen Theresa 
Published: September 2024

Objective: Listening to children has been frequently adopted by researchers working within a child’s rights paradigm, as an uncontested method that veritably represents children’s ‘voices’. Whether children can be understood to participate, and their voices represented veritably, when their lives are culturally situated and co-constructed with significant adults is debatable. The data this paper engages with were created by adopting Barad’s posthumanist methodology of diffraction to listen with children to the more-than-human world. Design/Method: Diffraction was deployed as both a creative knowledge-making practice and an analytical framework that sought insight into the ways in which children are affected by, and affect, ideologies of sustainability. Art-making was adopted as a method to enable children a medium for communication and expression. As children make sense of their social and material worlds through play, I considered it to be a form of performance art during the research. The art-making took place within a ‘wild’ park space in the UK with children age 18 months to 9 years old. Results: This paper engages with a sense-making story created during the research analysis to highlight one way in which children’s possibilities to know become foreclosed when they are filtered through societal constructions of the child as ‘vulnerable’ and how ideas of food production become framed as ‘taboo’ when talking to children. Conclusion: Children’s possibilities to contribute to discussion on issues that create sustainability dissonance seem to become limited. The agency attributed to children tasked with bringing about sustainability change seems questionable and implications for their health and well-being need to be considered.
Colocation of COVID-19 Vaccination Services at Syringe Service Programs for People Who Inject Drugs and People Experiencing Houselessness in Oregon
Authors: Sileci Audrey C.B. , Cioffi Camille C. , Trevino Shaina , Fernandes Llewellyn , Capron Christopher G. , Mauricio Anne Marie 
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Integrating vaccination services with other essential health services could increase vaccination rates among socially marginalized populations. We examined the associations between colocation of vaccines at syringe service programs and COVID-19 vaccination status among people who inject drugs and people experiencing houselessness. Methods: This study included 1891 participants aged ≥18 years at 9 sites in Oregon from July 2021 through March 2022. Participants self-reported whether they had ever received ≥1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. We calculated site-level COVID-19 vaccine availability and overall vaccination rates. We compared site-level vaccination rates and analyzed the association between vaccine availability and vaccination status. Results: We found no significant difference in vaccination rates between sites that did and did not offer COVID-19 vaccines ( t7 = −0.33; P = .75). We also found no significant association between vaccine availability and vaccination status. However, the odds of having received a COVID-19 vaccine were 2.79 times higher for each additional site visit during which COVID-19 vaccines were available (odds ratio [OR] = 2.79; 95% CI, 2.18-3.58; P < .001). The association between vaccine availability and vaccine status was not moderated by participant age (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.99-1.07; P = .13) or housing instability (OR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.13-2.60; P = .48). Conclusions: Colocating COVID-19 vaccines at syringe service programs was only positively associated with vaccination status if vaccines were offered frequently on-site. Future work should examine whether the frequency of offering vaccination services increases willingness to engage in vaccination and examine trust and convenience as potential mechanisms.
Federalising Socialism Without Doctrine
Authors: Bateman Will 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Australian Constitution is only partly ‘liberal’ (securing political and economic liberties); another part is ‘socialist without doctrine’ (empowering governments to own and operate vast public capital, while providing social insurance in a market economy). That mixture is common in modern advanced economies but was anomalous in the Anglophone constitutional tradition in 1901. Legislative power over ‘old age and invalid pensions’, ‘railway construction’ and ‘conciliation and arbitration for the prevention and settlement of industrial disputes’ was an accepted part of the incipient Federal scheme but repugnant to Anglophone constitutional orthodoxy of the 19th century. The integration of ‘colonial socialism’ into the Constitution created one of the longest-standing puzzles in Australian jurisprudence, the Surplus Revenue Case of 1908, and laid the foundations for federal dominance of the Australian economy. Understanding the enduring impact of colonial socialism in Australian constitutionalism sheds light on how Australia’s distinctive political economy grew within a ‘Washminster’ system of government. It also provides principled guidance for future policy challenges that may require expansion of state involvement in the economy.
Characterization of fluoroelastomers compounds by ATR-FTIR
Authors: Nascimento Christine Rabello , Rosendo de Lima Daniele , de Almeida Janaina Fernandes Moreno , de Sousa Ana Maria Furtado , da Silva Campos Cristiane Xavier , Reis da Cunha Fernando , da Silva Ana Lúcia Nazareth 
Published: September 2024

Fluoroelastomers (FKM) are used to manufacture seals and other rubber devices that can withstand harsh operating conditions, including aggressive media and extreme low and high temperatures. Even though nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and chromatographic techniques have been extensively used in the characterization of raw FKM molecules, the identification of cured compounds entails a characterization method that is able to overcome the complexity related to this kind of structure. In this sense, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy can outperform other characterization techniques because it does not require solubilization or any special preparation of the sample. In this study, 10 FKM compounds were produced in this study utilizing four commercial types of FKM and the fillers carbon black, barium sulfate, and iron oxide. All unfilled-FKM (as received) and their compounds were analyzed by ATR-FTIR with germanium crystal. Between 15 and 25 analyses were performed for all each FKM type sample and their respective compounds. All spectra were analyzed, and the bands were assigned. Findings regarding the interference of the fillers in the spectra were also reported. From relationships between the height of the spectral zones and the bands at 1397 and 1428 cm−1, it was possible to distinguish all sample compositions of FKM types 1, 2, 3, and 5. This study demonstrates that ATR-FTIR has the potential to be utilized as a technique to detect the type of FKM compounds, an important rubber used in harsh industrial applications. Replacing carbon with BaSO4 reduces the tensile at 50% strain of FKM types 1 and 2 composites. FKM types 3 and 5 composites filled with 30 phr of carbon black have a higher tensile at 50% strain than those of FKM type 1.
An Updated Validation of Persian Versions of Six Personality Questionnaires: TEMPS-A, AFECTS, TCI, PANAS, NEO-FFI, PDQ-4
Authors: Komasi Saeid 
Published: September 2024

Background:The revision and updating of questionnaires are part of the list of comprehensive guidelines for using psychological questionnaires. The present study aimed to test the construct and convergent validity of the Persian versions of six personality questionnaires including the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A: 35 items), the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS: 48 items), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI: 125 items), the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS: 20 items), the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI: 60 items), and Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4: 99 items).Methods:The data from four independent samples of Iranian adults ( N1 = 1137, N2 = 558, N3 = 496, N4 = 478; total N = 2669, 70% female, 32.8 ± 10.7 old years) were analyzed by exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). Pearson correlations between constructs of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Short Form (PID-5-BF: 25 items) or the ICD-11 compatible Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Brief Form Plus, Modified (PID5BF+M: 36 items) and the personality measures were used to evaluate convergent validity.Results:Although the number of factors of TEMPS-A and PDQ-4 were slightly different from the original structures, the results supported the factor structure and reliability (all α between 0.68 and 0.92) of all measures. Most factors of all measures were significantly related to either the PID-5-BF or the PID5BF+M constructs (all P <.05).Conclusion:The findings supported both construct validity and convergent validity of all personality measures in Iranian samples. Mental health professionals can use the Persian version of all valid personality measures to draw personality profiles of adult populations.
“Veins first” versus “artery first” approach for management of mixed arterial venous leg ulcers (MAVLU): Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alagha Mohammed , Alagha Ahmed , Lowery Aoife , Walsh Stewart R 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Mixed Arterial and Venous Leg Ulcers (MAVLU) are challenging. The optimal intervention sequence (artery-first vs vein first) is unclear. This review evaluates current evidence on surgical intervention sequencing. Methods MEDLINE, PUBMED, SCOPUS and EMBASE were searched using the term ‘mixed arterial venous leg ulcers.’ Studies were eligible if they reported ulcer healing outcomes in MAVLU patients. Pooled proportions were calculated by random effects modelling. Results The search yielded 606 studies, eight of which contained sufficient data to include in the analysis. There were no randomized controlled trials. Initial modified compression (MCT) and rescue revascularisation in MAVLU with ABI 0.5 to 0.85 achieved a pooled healing rate of 75% (95% CI 69% to 80%) compared to 79% (95% CI 61% to 93%) in patients with standard VLUs. The pooled rescue revascularisation rate for MAVLU patients with moderate arterial disease was 25% (95% CI 6% to 51%). Patients with severe arterial disease (ABI <0.5) who underwent arterial intervention first were less likely to heal (pooled proportion 40%; 95% confidence interval 16% to 66%). No studies compared either MCT or venous ablation with arterial revascularisation as first-line in patients with moderate arterial disease (ABI 0.5 to 0.85) alone or severe arterial disease (ABI <0.5) alone. There was marked heterogeneity between studies with respect to ulcer healing outcomes reported, definitions of ulcer healing, duration and size of ulcers at presentation, use of adjunct procedures such as skin grafting, unit of measurement (legs vs patients) and duration of follow up. Conclusion A ‘veins first’ approach to MAVLU is plausible but robust data are lacking and should be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.