bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new clinical‐scale serum‐free xeno‐free medium efficient in ex vivo amplification of mesenchymal stromal cells does not support mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Gerby Sandie , Attebi Esther , Vlaski Marija , Ivanovic Zoran 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDWe evaluated a new serum‐free, xeno‐free medium (Xuri, GE HealthCare) in ex vivo cultures for amplification of mesenchymal stromal cells (MStroC) in comparison with classical culture supplemented with fetal calf serum and basic fibroblast growth factor.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSMStroC and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferative capacities were studied in bulk cultures and single‐cell cultures with assay of secondary replating capacity of individual clones. Flow‐cytometric phenotype analysis and proliferative history analysis were also performed.RESULTSIn cultures initiated with previously amplified and cryopreserved MStroC from human marrow, Xuri medium enabled a total cell expansion fold comparable to one obtained in control fetal calf serum (FCS)‐supplemented culture. However, both the number and the proliferative capacity of colony‐forming unit–fibroblast were greatly reduced in Xuri medium cultures. This is even more evident in single‐cell cultures, where, in rare positive wells, only several cells were found in Xuri cultures, compared to abundant cell content in FCS and α‐minimal essential medium cultures. Replating these single‐cell clones in secondary cultures (FCS in both cases) revealed a total exhaustion of MSC proliferative capacity after Xuri primary culture.CONCLUSIONSince in both conditions after a 7‐day bulk culture, similar immunophenotype and proliferative history were found when the standard MSC immunophenotype panel was employed, the loss of proliferative capacity in Xuri medium shows that it cannot maintain functional MSC population. This is a drastic example showing that the real MSC activity can be completely unrelated to the immunophenotype considered as MSC phenotype.
Staphylococcus aureuspenetrate the interkeratinocyte spaces created by skin‐infiltrating neutrophils in a mouse model of impetigo
Authors: Imanishi Ichiro , Hattori Shinpei , Hisatsune Junzo , Ide Kaori , Sugai Motoyuki , Nishifuji Koji 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundImpetigo is a bacterial skin disease characterized by intraepidermal neutrophilic pustules. Previous studies have demonstrated that exfoliative toxin producing staphylococci are isolated in the cutaneous lesions of human and canine impetigo. However, the mechanisms of intraepidermal splitting in impetigo remain poorly understood.ObjectiveTo determine how staphylococci penetrate the living epidermis and create intraepidermal pustulesin vivousing a mouse model of impetigo.MethodsThreeStaphylococcus aureusstrains harbouring theetbgene and threeetgene negative strains were epicutaneously inoculated onto tape‐stripped mouse skin. The skin samples were subjected to time course histopathological and immunofluorescence analyses to detect intraepidermal neutrophils and infiltrating staphylococci. To determine the role of neutrophils on intraepidermal bacterial invasion, cyclophosphamide (CPA) was injected intraperitoneally into the mice to cause leucopenia before the inoculation ofetbgene positive strains.ResultsIn mice inoculated withetbgene positiveS. aureus, intraepidermal pustules resembling impetigo were detected as early as 4 h post‐inoculation (hpi). Neutrophils in the epidermis were detected from 4 hpi, whereas intraepidermal staphylococci was detected from 6 hpi. The dimensions of the intraepidermal clefts created in mice inoculated withetbgene positive strains at 6 hpi were significantly larger than those in mice inoculated withetgene negative strains. InCPAtreated mice, staphylococci or neutrophils were not detected in the deep epidermis until 6 hpi.ConclusionOur findings indicate that intraepidermal neutrophils play an important role inS. aureusinvasion into the living epidermis in a mouse model of impetigo.
Red blood cell alloimmunization in Iranian beta‐thalassemia patients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Darvishi Parisa , Azami Milad , Sayehmiri Kourosh , Sayehmiri Fatemeh , Goodarzi Alireza , Azarkeivan Azita , Pourfathollah Ali Akbar 
Published: November 2016

Background and ObjectivesRed blood cell alloimmunization is associated with haemolytic reactions and severe clinical consequences. The rate of alloimmunization in multitransfused patients such as thalassaemia is high that is a major challenge. The present meta‐analysis study was conducted to determine the prevalence of alloimmunization in Iranian thalassaemia patients.Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted based on the computerized literature database. English and non‐English articles were searched from 1994 to 2015. Alloimmunization rates and 95% CI calculated by random‐effect model. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 11.2, and ArcGIS 10.3 was used for map construction.ResultsEighteen papers from 297 studies involving 4677 patients met our inclusion criteria. The prevalence of alloimmunization in Iranian thalassaemia was 10%(CI 95%: 7–13). The most prevalent alloantibody was anti‐K (37%), followed by anti‐D (29%) and anti‐E (20%) in the country.ConclusionThe prevalence of alloimmunization among Iranian thalassaemia has not been decreased from 1994 to 2013. In spite of detecting D antigen in pretransfusion test, the rate of anti‐D is high in our population. It shows the importance of more investigation on data on D variants. Although the rate of alloimmunization is low in Iran comparing to many other countries, there is a need to adopt some strategies to reduce alloimmunization.
Education‐based interventions to minimize sampling errors in transfusion
Authors: de Mel S. , Lim S. , Soekojo C. Y. , Thow C. , Lang S.‐P. , Lee S.‐Y. , Tan L.‐K. 
Published: November 2016

Background and ObjectivesSampling errors are an important preventable cause of incorrect blood component transfusion. A variety of measures designed to minimize ‘Wrong Blood in Tube’ errors have been published, but they are often costly and difficult to implement in resource‐limited settings. The aim of our study was to describe the impact of two education‐based interventions on the rate of transfusion sampling errors at our institution.Materials and MethodsWe prospectively collected data on transfusion sampling errors between 2001 and 2014. Sampling errors were categorized as types 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The ‘Quest’ project focusing on the education of staff on transfusion sampling was carried out in 2001. We subsequently trained nurses to perform transfusion sampling in 2008.ResultsA total of 75 sampling errors were identified during the study period. The ‘Quest’ project resulted in a reduction in sampling errors as a percentage of all type and screen (T&S) specimens received. Sampling errors comprised 0·05% of total T&S specimens in 2001 compared to 0·01% in 2007 (P = 0·014). Between 2002 and 2014, sampling errors comprised a median 0·02% of total T&S specimens received. Training of nurses in T&S sampling resulted in a reduction of type 3 sampling errors from 0·02% in 2008 to 0 in 2013, (P = 0·01).ConclusionsOur study highlights that simple, education‐based measures can be highly effective at reducing the incidence of sampling errors. The interventions we describe maybe easily implemented in resource‐limited settings.
Outbreak of Occupational Brucellosis at a Pharmaceutical Factory in Southeast China
Authors: Zhan B. D. , Wang S. Q. , Lai S. M. , Lu Y. , Shi X. G. , Cao G. P. , Hu X. L. , Zheng C. J. , Yu Z. Y. , Zhang J. M. , Fang C. F. , Gong Z. Y. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBrucellosis is an occupational disease affecting workers in butcher shops, the milking and dairy product industry, causing more than 500 000 new cases around the world. As a national statutory B infectious disease in China, morbidity of brucellosis is rapidly increasing in recent years. We report an occupational outbreak of brucellosis infection in a pharmaceutical factory. Exposure was a result of manual operation in the process line, close contact with sheep placentas, insufficient disinfection and repeated using of protective suits and infected by aerosol dissemination. Improved preventive methods, appropriate public health measures and spread of health education would be helpful to prevent the occupational outbreak of brucellosis in future.
Potassium channels in the heart: structure, function and regulation
Authors: Grandi Eleonora , Sanguinetti Michael C. , Bartos Daniel C. , Bers Donald M. , Chen‐Izu Ye , Chiamvimonvat Nipavan , Colecraft Henry M. , Delisle Brian P. , Heijman Jordi , Navedo Manuel F. , Noskov Sergei , Proenza Catherine , Vandenberg Jamie I. , Yarov‐Yarovoy Vladimir 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper is the outcome of the fourth UC Davis Systems Approach to Understanding Cardiac Excitation–Contraction Coupling and Arrhythmias Symposium, a biannual event that aims to bring together leading experts in subfields of cardiovascular biomedicine to focus on topics of importance to the field. The theme of the 2016 symposium was ‘K+ Channels and Regulation’. Experts in the field contributed their experimental and mathematical modelling perspectives and discussed emerging questions, controversies and challenges on the topic of cardiac K+ channels. This paper summarizes the topics of formal presentations and informal discussions from the symposium on the structural basis of voltage‐gated K+ channel function, as well as the mechanisms involved in regulation of K+ channel gating, expression and membrane localization. Given the critical role for K+ channels in determining the rate of cardiac repolarization, it is hardly surprising that essentially every aspect of K+ channel function is exquisitely regulated in cardiac myocytes. This regulation is complex and highly interrelated to other aspects of myocardial function. K+ channel regulatory mechanisms alter, and are altered by, physiological challenges, pathophysiological conditions, and pharmacological agents. An accompanying paper focuses on the integrative role of K+ channels in cardiac electrophysiology, i.e. how K+ currents shape the cardiac action potential, and how their dysfunction can lead to arrhythmias, and discusses K+ channel‐based therapeutics. A fundamental understanding of K+ channel regulatory mechanisms and disease processes is fundamental to reveal new targets for human therapy.
Results From the Republic of Slovenia’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: Sember Vedrana , Starc Gregor , Jurak Gregor , Golobič Mojca , Kovač Marjeta , Samardžija Poljanka Pavletič , Morrison Shawnda A. 
Published: November 2016

Background:This is the first assessment of the Republic of Slovenia’s efforts to synthesize and report physical activity (PA) standards for children and youth following the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance grading system model.Methods:The Republic of Slovenia Report Card relies on research findings published in peer-reviewed journals, data compiled from national databases, and government initiatives which have been monitoring physical fitness standards in schools for the past 34 years (SLOfit and ACDSi). The Report Card initiative has been jointly coordinated by the University of Primorska and the University of Ljubljana. A Research Work Group consisting of 12 representatives from various aspects of Slovenia’s public, private, and government sectors convened to evaluate evidence and assign grades for each PA indicator.Results:Grades (A, highest, to F, lowest; INC, incomplete) for Slovenia are as follows: Overall Physical Activity (A-), Organized Sport Participation (B-), Active Play (D), Active Transportation (C), Sedentary Behaviors (B+), Family and Peers (INC), Schools (A), Community and the Built Environment (INC), and Government (B+).Conclusions:This inclusive PA report indicates that overall physical activity minutes remain high in Slovenian children and youth; however, more research is needed to determine the effects of family life, peer influences, and the built environment on active play behaviors.
Results From Japan’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: Tanaka Chiaki , Tanaka Shigeho , Inoue Shigeru , Miyachi Motohiko , Suzuki Koya , Reilly John J. 
Published: November 2016

Background:The Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth aims to consolidate existing evidence, encourage greater evidence-informed physical activity, and improve surveillance of physical activity.Methods:The Japan report card followed the methodology of the Canadian and Scottish report cards, but was adapted to reflect the Japanese context. Nationally representative data were used to score each of the respective indicators.Results:The 2016 Japan Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth consists of Health Behaviors and Outcomes (7 indicators), and Influences on Health Behaviors (4 indicators). Three Health Behaviors and Outcomes received C grades (Participation in Sport; Sedentary Behavior; Recreational Screen Time; Physical Fitness), while 2 indicators could not be graded (Overall Physical Activity, and Active Play). The indicators Active Transportation (B) and Weight Status were favorable (A). In the Influences domain, Family Influence and Community and the Built Environment were graded as D, while School and Government Strategies and Investments were favorable (B).Conclusions:The Japan report card illustrated some favorable health behaviors, health outcomes, and influences. There is a need for more evidence especially on overall physical activity levels, active play, and community and the built environment.
Results From Zimbabwe’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: Manyanga Taru , Makaza Daga , Mahachi Carol , Mlalazi Tholumusa F. , Masocha Vincent , Makoni Paul , Tapera Eberhard , Khumalo Bhekuzulu , Rutsate Sipho H. , Tremblay Mark S. 
Published: November 2016

Background:The report card was a synthesis of the best available evidence on the performance of Zimbabwean children and youth on key physical activity (PA) indicators. The aim of this article was to summarize the results from the 2016 Zimbabwe Report Card.Methods:The Report Card Working Group gathered and synthesized the best available evidence, met, discussed and assigned grades to 10 indicators based on the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance global matrix grading system.Results:The indicators were graded as follows: overall PA (C+), organized sport participation (B), active play (D+), active transportation (A-), sedentary behaviors (B), school (D), family and peers (Incomplete), community and the built environment (F), government (D) and nongovernmental organizations (Incomplete).Conclusions:Although the majority of children used active transport, played organized sports and engaged in acceptable levels of PA, most of them did not meet the recommended hours of unstructured/unorganized play per day. At present, there are limited data to accurately inform the Zimbabwe Report Card therefore studies employing robust research designs with representative samples are needed. Zimbabwe also needs to prioritize policies and investments that promote greater and safe participation in PA among children and youth.
Results From the United States of America’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Denstel Kara D. , Beals Kim , Bolling Christopher , Wright Carly , Crouter Scott E. , McKenzie Thomas L. , Pate Russell R. , Saelens Brian E. , Staiano Amanda E. , Stanish Heidi I. , Sisson Susan B. 
Published: November 2016

Background:The 2016 United States (U.S.) Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth provides a comprehensive evaluation of physical activity levels and factors influencing physical activity among children and youth.Methods:The report card includes 10 indicators: Overall Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Active Transportation, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Health-related Fitness, Family and Peers, School, Community and the Built Environment, and Government Strategies and Investments. Nationally representative data were used to evaluate the indicators using a standard grading rubric.Results:Sufficient data were available to assign grades to 7 of the indicators, and these ranged from B- for Community and the Built Environment to F for Active Transportation. Overall Physical Activity received a grade of D- due to the low prevalence of meeting physical activity guidelines. A grade of D was assigned to Health-related Fitness, reflecting the low prevalence of meeting cardiorespiratory fitness standards. Disparities across age, gender, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups were observed for several indicators.Conclusions:Continued poor grades suggest that additional work is required to provide opportunities for U.S. children to be physically active. The observed disparities indicate that special attention should be given to girls, minorities, and those from lower socioeconomic groups when implementing intervention strategies.
Results From Australia’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: Schranz Natasha K. , Olds Timothy , Boyd Roslyn , Evans John , Gomersall Sjaan R. , Hardy Louise , Hesketh Kylie , Lubans David R. , Ridgers Nicola D. , Straker Leon , Vella Stewart , Ziviani Jenny , Tomkinson Grant R. 
Published: November 2016

Background:Two years on from the inaugural Active Healthy Kids Australia (AHKA) Physical Activity Report Card, there has been little to no change with the majority of Australian children still insufficiently active.Methods:The 2016 AHKA Report Card was developed using the best available national- and state-based physical activity data, which were evaluated by the AHKA Research Working Group using predetermined weighting criteria and benchmarks to assign letter grades to the 12 Report Card indicators.Results:In comparison with 2014, Overall Physical Activity Levels was again assigned a D- with Organized Sport and Physical Activity Participation increasing to a B (was B-) and Active Transport declining to a C- (was C). The settings and sources of influence again performed well (A- to a C+), however Government Strategies and Investments saw a decline (C+ to a D). The traits associated with physical activity were also graded poorly (C- to a D).Conclusions:Australian youth are insufficiently active and engage in high levels of screen-based sedentary behaviors. While a range of support structures exist, Australia lacks an overarching National Physical Activity Plan that would unify the country and encourage the cultural shift needed to face the inactivity crisis head on.
Results From Mexico’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: Galaviz Karla I. , Arroyo Mabel Aguilar , González-Casanova Inés , Villalobos Martín Francisco González , Jáuregui Alejandra , Ulloa Edtna Jáuregui , Miranda Selene Pacheco , Rodríguez Marcela Pérez , Pelayo Ricardo Alejandro Retano , López-Taylor Juan Ricardo 
Published: November 2016

Background:The 2016 Mexican Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth aims to assess how Mexico is doing in terms of providing physical activity (PA) opportunities for Mexican children and youth. The purpose of this article is to summarize results from the Mexican 2016 Report Card.Methods:A literature search was conducted in Spanish and English languages using major databases, and complemented with a review of government/nongovernment documents, websites, and national health surveys. Information on the 9 indicators outlined in the Global Matrix of Report Card Grades was extracted. A team of Mexican experts met to discuss and assign a grade on each indicator based on the best available evidence and established benchmarks.Results:Daily behaviors grades were Overall PA (C), Organized Sport Participation (D), Active Play (D-), Active Transportation (C), and Sedentary Behavior (D). For Settings and Sources of Influence, grades were Family and Peers (INC), School (D-), and Community and Environment (D). Strategies and Investments grades were Government Strategies (C) and Non-Government (F).Conclusions:PA and sedentary behaviors among Mexican children and youth remain below the recommended levels. Government and communities are far from providing appropriate and sufficient physical activity opportunities for children and youth.
Results From Colombia’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: González Silvia A. , Castiblanco Maria A , Arias-Gómez Luis F. , Martinez-Ospina Andrea , Cohen Daniel D. , Holguin Gustavo A. , Almanza Adriana , Lemos Diana Marina Camargo , Correa-Bautista Jorge Enrique , Escobar Iván D. , García Johnattan , Gámez Rocio , Garzon Mauricio , Beltrán Yaneth Herazo , Hurtado Hernan , Lozano Oscar , Páez Diana C. , Ramírez-Vélez Robinson , Ruiz Nubia , Tovar Gustavo , Sarmiento Olga L. 
Published: November 2016

Background:Physical activity (PA) is vital to the holistic development of young people. Regular participation in PA is associated with substantial benefits for health, cognitive function, and social inclusion. Recognizing the potential of PA in the context of the current peace process in Colombia, the purpose of this article is to present the methodology and results of Colombia’s second Report Card on PA for children and youth.Methods:A group of experts on PA graded 14 PA indicators based on data from national surveys and policy documents.Results:National and departmental policy indicators received a grade of B, while organized sport participation, overweight, obesity, community influence, and nongovernment initiatives indicators received a grade of C. Overall PA levels, active transportation, sedentary behaviors, and school influence received a grade of D. Active play, low physical fitness, and family influence received an Incomplete grade.Conclusions:PA levels are low and sedentary behaviors are high in Colombian children and youth, with notable geographic differences. A broad policy framework translated into specific actions could provide unique opportunities to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice, and contribute to social integration goals in a postconflict setting.
Results From Poland’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: Zembura Pawel , Goldys Aleksandra , Nalecz Hanna 
Published: November 2016

Background:Poland’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth is the first assessment of child and youth physical activity (PA) in Poland using the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance grading system. The main goal was to summarize and describe the current state of child and youth PA to increase awareness and surveillance.Methods:The systematic methodology that underpins the Active Healthy Kids Canada Report Card was adapted and applied to the Polish report card. The best available data were consolidated, reviewed by a group of experts, and used to assign the letter grades to 9 core PA indicators on a scale ranging from A (highest) to F (lowest).Results:The 9 indicators were graded as such: 1) Overall Physical Activity (D), 2) Organized Sport Participation (C), 3) Active Play (INC), 4) Active Transportation (C), 5) Sedentary Behaviors (D), 6) Family and Peers (C), 7) School (B), 8) Community and the Built Environment (C), and 9) Government Strategies and Investments (C).Conclusions:The final grades show a strong role of school in providing PA for children and youth in Poland. However, promotion of school-based sport participation appears to be insufficient by itself to sustainably promote PA in this group.