bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapy managers’ views of musculoskeletal physiotherapy service provision in Ireland: a qualitative study
Authors: French Helen P. , Galvin Rose 
Published: August 2017

AimIntegrated multidisciplinary primary healthcare is still in a relatively early stage of development in Ireland, with significant restructuring occurring in the past decade. Musculoskeletal physiotherapy services traditionally provided in acute hospital settings have been relocated into the primary care setting where the physiotherapist works as part of the multidisciplinary team. This study aimed to explore physiotherapy managers’ experiences of managing musculoskeletal physiotherapy services in primary care to gain an insight into the opportunities and challenges in service delivery, changing roles and ongoing professional development needs of staff.ParticipantsQualitative design using semi-structured interviews with primary care physiotherapy managers in the Republic of Ireland was employed.ResultsFive interviews took in a mix of rural and urban areas nationally. The relationship with the GP was an important one in musculoskeletal physiotherapy services in primary care. Physiotherapists were well skilled but opportunities for professional and career development were restricted. Methods of optimising resources in the face of staffing restrictions were identified. Whilst there were many examples of innovations in service delivery, various barriers negatively impacted on optimal service including resource constraints and national strategy.ConclusionsA number of factors that impact on musculoskeletal service delivery in primary care from the perspective of physiotherapy managers were identified in this study. Future research should explore the views of other stakeholders to provide a more thorough understanding of the relevant issues affecting musculoskeletal physiotherapy service provision in primary care in Ireland.
Induction of autophagy by sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor PF-543 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Hamada Masakazu , Kameyama Hiroyasu , Iwai Soichi , Yura Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) regulates tumor growth. The effects of PF-543, a specific SphK1 inhibitor, on human SCC cells were examined. The proportion of viable cells after PF-543 treatment decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and cell death occurred in SphK1-expressing SCC cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that PF-543 induced both necrosis and apoptosis. PF-543 also induced granular accumulation of LC3 and conversion from LC3-I to LC3-II, which was blocked by autophagy inhibitors, wortmannin, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), and bafilomycin A1. Treatment of head and neck SCC cells with autophagy inhibitors and PF-543 increased the proportion of cells with necrosis and apoptosis, indicating that autophagy acts to promote cell survival. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger reduced the cytotoxicity of PF-543. These results demonstrated that PF-543 induces apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy in human head and neck SCC cells, and that autophagy antagonizes either necrosis or apoptosis.
Discovery of potential biomarkers in human melanoma cells with different metastatic potential by metabolic and lipidomic profiling
Authors: Kim Hye-Youn , Lee Hwanhui , Kim So-Hyun , Jin Hanyong , Bae Jeehyeon , Choi Hyung-Kyoon 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMalignant melanoma, characterized by its ability to metastasize to other organs, is responsible for 90% of skin cancer mortality. To investigate alterations in the cellular metabolome and lipidome related to melanoma metastasis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and direct infusion-mass spectrometry (DI-MS)-based metabolic and lipidomic profiling were performed on extracts of normal human melanocyte (HEMn-LP), low metastatic melanoma (A375, G361), and highly metastatic melanoma (A2058, SK-MEL-28) cell lines. In this study, metabolomic analysis identified aminomalonic acid as a novel potential biomarker to discriminate between different stages of melanoma metastasis. Uptake and release of major metabolites as hallmarks of cancer were also measured between high and low metastatic melanoma cells. Lipid analysis showed a progressive increase in phosphatidylinositol (PI) species with saturated and monounsaturated fatty acyl chains, including 16:0/18:0, 16:0/18:1, 18:0/18:0, and 18:0/18:1, with increasing metastatic potential of melanoma cells, defining these lipids as possible biomarkers. In addition, a partial-least-squares projection to latent structure regression (PLSR) model for the prediction of metastatic properties of melanoma was established, and central metabolic and lipidomic pathways involved in the increased motility and metastatic potential of melanoma cells were identified as therapeutic targets. These results could be used to diagnose and control of melanoma metastasis.
IRS4, a novel modulator of BMP/Smad and Akt signalling during early muscle differentiation
Authors: Dörpholz Gina , Murgai Arunima , Jatzlau Jerome , Horbelt Daniel , Belverdi Mohammad Poorgholi , Heroven Christina , Schreiber Isabelle , Wendel Gisela , Ruschke Karen , Stricker Sigmar , Knaus Petra 
Published: August 2017

AbstractElaborate regulatory networks of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathways ensure precise signalling outcome during cell differentiation and tissue homeostasis. Here, we identified IRS4 as a novel regulator of BMP signal transduction and provide molecular insights how it integrates into the signalling pathway. We found that IRS4 interacts with the BMP receptor BMPRII and specifically targets Smad1 for proteasomal degradation consequently leading to repressed BMP/Smad signalling in C2C12 myoblasts while concomitantly activating the PI3K/Akt axis. IRS4 is present in human and primary mouse myoblasts, the expression increases during myogenic differentiation but is downregulated upon final commitment coinciding with Myogenin expression. Functionally, IRS4 promotes myogenesis in C2C12 cells, while IRS4 knockdown inhibits differentiation of myoblasts. We propose that IRS4 is particularly critical in the myoblast stage to serve as a molecular switch between BMP/Smad and Akt signalling and to thereby control cell commitment. These findings provide profound understanding of the role of BMP signalling in early myogenic differentiation and open new ways for targeting the BMP pathway in muscle regeneration.
Hidden peculiar magnetic anisotropy at the interface in a ferromagnetic perovskite-oxide heterostructure
Authors: Anh Le Duc , Okamoto Noboru , Seki Munetoshi , Tabata Hitoshi , Tanaka Masaaki , Ohya Shinobu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUnderstanding and controlling the interfacial magnetic properties of ferromagnetic thin films are crucial for spintronic device applications. However, using conventional magnetometry, it is difficult to detect them separately from the bulk properties. Here, by utilizing tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance in a single-barrier heterostructure composed of La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 (LSMO)/LaAlO3 (LAO)/Nb-doped SrTiO3 (001), we reveal the presence of a peculiar strong two-fold magnetic anisotropy (MA) along the [110]c direction at the LSMO/LAO interface, which is not observed in bulk LSMO. This MA shows unknown behavior that the easy magnetization axis rotates by 90° at an energy of 0.2 eV below the Fermi level in LSMO. We attribute this phenomenon to the transition between the eg and t2g bands at the LSMO interface. Our finding and approach to understanding the energy dependence of the MA demonstrate a new possibility of efficient control of the interfacial magnetic properties by controlling the band structures of oxide heterostructures.
The heat shock response and humoral immune response are mutually antagonistic in honey bees
Authors: McKinstry Mia , Chung Charlie , Truong Henry , Johnston Brittany A. , Snow Jonathan W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe honey bee is of paramount importance to humans in both agricultural and ecological settings. Honey bee colonies have suffered from increased attrition in recent years, stemming from complex interacting stresses. Defining common cellular stress responses elicited by these stressors represents a key step in understanding potential synergies. The proteostasis network is a highly conserved network of cellular stress responses involved in maintaining the homeostasis of protein production and function. Here, we have characterized the Heat Shock Response (HSR), one branch of this network, and found that its core components are conserved. In addition, exposing bees to elevated temperatures normally encountered by honey bees during typical activities results in robust HSR induction with increased expression of specific heat shock proteins that was variable across tissues. Surprisingly, we found that heat shock represses multiple immune genes in the abdomen and additionally showed that wounding the cuticle of the abdomen results in decreased expression of multiple HSR genes in proximal and distal tissues. This mutually antagonistic relationship between the HSR and immune activation is unique among invertebrates studied to date and may promote understanding of potential synergistic effects of disparate stresses in this critical pollinator and social insects more broadly.
Bioenergetic Adaptations in Chemoresistant Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Dar Sajad , Chhina Jasdeep , Mert Ismail , Chitale Dhananjay , Buekers Thomas , Kaur Hareena , Giri Shailendra , Munkarah Adnan , Rattan Ramandeep 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEarlier investigations have revealed that tumor cells undergo metabolic reprogramming and mainly derive their cellular energy from aerobic glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation even in the presence of oxygen. However, recent studies have shown that certain cancer cells display increased oxidative phosphorylation or high metabolically active phenotype. Cellular bioenergetic profiling of 13 established and 12 patient derived ovarian cancer cell lines revealed significant bioenergetics diversity. The bioenergetics phenotype of ovarian cancer cell lines correlated with functional phenotypes of doubling time and oxidative stress. Interestingly, chemosensitive cancer cell lines (A2780 and PEO1) displayed a glycolytic phenotype while their chemoresistant counterparts (C200 and PEO4) exhibited a high metabolically active phenotype with the ability to switch between oxidative phosphorylation or glycolysis. The chemosensitive cancer cells could not survive glucose deprivation, while the chemoresistant cells displayed adaptability. In the patient derived ovarian cancer cells, a similar correlation was observed between a high metabolically active phenotype and chemoresistance. Thus, ovarian cancer cells seem to display heterogeneity in using glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation as an energy source. The flexibility in using different energy pathways may indicate a survival adaptation to achieve a higher ‘cellular fitness’ that may be also associated with chemoresistance.
The validity of self-report of eye diseases in participants with vision loss in the National Eye Health Survey
Authors: Foreman Joshua , Xie Jing , Keel Stuart , van Wijngaarden Peter , Taylor Hugh R. , Dirani Mohamed 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe assessed the validity and reliability of self-report of eye disease in participants with unilateral vision loss (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/12 in the worse eye and equal to or better than 6/12 in the better eye) or bilateral vision loss (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/12 in the better eye) in Australia’s National Eye Health Survey. In total, 1738 Indigenous Australians and 3098 non-Indigenous Australians were sampled from 30 sites. Participants underwent a questionnaire and self-reported their eye disease histories. A clinical examination identified whether participants had cataract, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. For those identified as having unilateral or bilateral vision loss (438 Indigenous Australians and 709 non-Indigenous Australians), self-reports were compared with examination results using validity and reliability measures. Reliability was poor for all four diseases (Kappa 0.06 to 0.37). Measures of validity of self-report were variable, with generally high specificities (93.7% to 99.2%) in all diseases except for cataract (63.9 to 73.1%) and low sensitivities for all diseases (7.6% in Indigenous Australians with diabetic retinopathy to 44.1% of non-Indigenous Australians with cataract). This study suggests that self-report is an unreliable population-based research tool for identifying eye disease in those with vision loss.
Compact monopulse sum‐difference comparator based on double‐layer substrateintegrated waveguide
Authors: Liu Yi , Yang Hu , He Yan , Zhu Jiang 
Published: August 2017

A monopulse sum‐difference comparator based on double‐layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) for X‐band applications is investigated and experimentally validated. A 90° 3‐dB directional coupler with a double‐stepped coupling slot in the common broad side between a pair of folded parallel SIWs and an equal‐length unequal‐width 90° phase shifter are adopted to form a magic tee. The four magic tees are elegantly interconnected to design a highly compact comparator. Experimental results show the bandwidth (reflection coefficient < −10 dB) of the comparator can achieve 10% with an operating frequency range of 9.5–10.5 GHz, in which the output amplitude and phase imbalance are within 0.75 dB and 14° (RMS), respectively. The insertion losses are about 1.5–2.5 dB and the isolations between the three channels are all better than 20 dB. In particular, the double‐layer configuration of the comparator network reduces the occupied area with the potential for high integration and makes it to be a good candidate for miniaturised and compact monopulse antenna systems.
Sizing of large‐scale battery storage for off‐grid wind power plant considering a flexible wind supply–demand balance
Authors: Masaud Tarek Medalel , Oyebanjo Olufemi , Sen P.K. 
Published: August 2017

In off‐grid wind power plants, the uncertainty of net load becomes the main factor that controls the operation and planning of these plants. The term net load refers to system demand minus the generation from variable renewable resources. Energy storage system is a key solution for system operators to provide the required flexibility needed to balance the net load uncertainty. This study proposes a probabilistic approach for sizing a battery storage system (BSS) with the aim of mitigating the net load uncertainty associated with the off‐grid wind power plant. A novel battery‐sizing index that takes into account the probabilistic nature of the wind resources and the electric load is developed. The proposed sizing approach aims to quantify the required BSS capacity for operating the wind plant without incurring excessive battery installation cost as well as for reducing the mismatch between the wind generation and the electric load. An 8.5 MW utility‐scale wind farm is used as a test system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Neuroimaging in Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Longoni Giulia , Banwell Brenda 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis and management of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disorders. This article reviews the key clinical and conventional neuroimaging characteristics of the most frequent entities of the demyelinating disease spectrum, with a goal to inform and guide decisions in the clinical practice. We focus on acquired demyelinating syndromes and their differential diagnoses including mimics such as systemic inflammatory disorders with secondary CNS involvement. In the vast majority of disorders, no specific biomarker of disease is known and the final diagnosis is based on recognizable syndromic characteristics. Therefore, familiarity with the related neuroimaging patterns can improve a timely diagnosis of pediatric autoimmune diseases and prompt targeted therapeutic approach.
A Biomechanical Comparison of Screw and Plate Fixations for Scaphoid Fractures
Authors: Castañeda Paulo , Drace Patricia , Edwards Scott , Goodwin Jill 
Published: August 2017

Background Headless screw fixation is the current gold standard of surgical repair for scaphoid fractures. However, maintaining reduction of certain types of scaphoid fractures is challenging with a compression screw. Plate fixation may offer superior fixation in some scaphoid fractures, particularly those with comminution, nonunion, segmental bony defects, and osteopenic or osteoporotic bone.
Purpose This study questions whether method of fixation is a determinant in load to failure in segmental scaphoid fractures, and whether any fixation provides a greater mechanical advantage in simulated normal versus osteoporotic bone.
Materials and Methods Polyurethane models were fashioned to simulate scaphoids with 3-mm segmental defects. Defects were bridged by one of three constructs: a locking plate, a nonlocking plate, or a headless compression screw. Three models for each fixation construct were tested for both simulated normal and osteoporotic bone density. Load to failure was recorded as the load at which the 3-mm segmental defect was closed.
Results Gap closure occurred in all trials. In simulated normal bone, there were no statistically significant differences in load to failure between fixation methods. In simulated osteoporotic bone, the locking plate had a 28% greater load to failure as compared with screw fixation.
Conclusion While biomechanical testing shows that plate and screw fixations are equivalent in normal density bone for fixation of a segmental scaphoid defect, locking plates are superior to screw fixation in simulated osteoporotic bone models.
Clinical Relevance Plate fixation may provide superior fixation for complex scaphoid fractures, particularly in osteopenic bone.
The Willingness of People who Inject Drugs in Boston to use a Supervised Injection Facility
Authors: León Casey , Cardoso Lena , Mackin Sarah , Bock Barry , Gaeta Jessie M. 
Published: August 2017

Background In Massachusetts, the number of opioid-related deaths has increased 350% since 2000. In the setting of increasing overdose deaths, one potential intervention is supervised injection facilities (SIFs). This study explores willingness of people who inject drugs in Boston to use a SIF and examines factors associated with willingness. Methods A cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of 237 people who inject drugs and utilize Boston's needle exchange program (NEP). The drop-in NEP provides myriad harm reduction services and referrals to addiction treatment. The survey was mostly self-administered (92%). Results Results showed positive willingness to use a SIF was independently associated with use of heroin as main substance (odds ratio [OR]: 5.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–15.4; P = .0004), public injection (OR: 5.09; 95% CI: 1.8–14.3; P = .002), history of seeking substance use disorder (SUD) treatment (OR: 4.99; 95% CI: 1.2–21.1; P = .05), having heard of SIF (OR: 4.80; 95% CI: 1.6–14.8; P = .004), Hispanic ethnicity (OR: 4.22; 95% CI: 0.9–18.8; P = .04), frequent NEP use (OR: 4.18; 95% CI: 1.2–14.7; P = .02), current desire for SUD treatment (OR: 4.15; 95% CI: 1.2–14.7; P = .03), hepatitis C diagnosis (OR: 3.68; 95% CI: 1.2–10.1; P = .02), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis (OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.3–8.4; P = .01), report of at least 1 chronic medical diagnosis (hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], hypertension, or diabetes) (OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.2–8.9; P = .02), and comorbid medical and mental health diagnoses (OR: 2.93; 95% CI: 1.2–7.4; P = .02). Conclusions Most respondents (91.4%) reported willingness to use a SIF. Respondents with substance use behavior reflecting high risk for overdose were significantly more likely to be willing to use a SIF. Respondents with behaviors that contribute to public health burden of injection drug use were also significantly more likely to be willing to use a SIF. Results indicate that this intervention would be well utilized by individuals who could most benefit from the model. As part of a broader public health approach, SIFs should be considered to reduce opioid overdose mortality, decrease public health burden of the opioid crisis, and promote access to addiction treatment and medical care.
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Ventricular Dysfunction in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events and Death in Hypertension
Authors: Gallagher Joe , Watson Chris , Zhou Shuaiwei , Ryan Fiona , Ledwidge Mark , McDonald Kenneth 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The prevalence and morbidity of hypertension continues to grow globally and improved methods of stratifying risk and identifying organ damage earlier are required. Methods such as echocardiography and population-based risk scores are suggested by guidelines as approaches to aid in risk stratification. However, biomarkers such as natriuretic peptides may help provide such an approach.

METHODS
We analyzed data from the screening to prevent heart failure cohort including participants with hypertension with and without a history of a cardiovascular (CV) event at baseline. We investigated the ability of ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography at baseline and of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in predicting future major adverse CV events (MACE) and death. We also investigated the use of Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) to predict these events in the uncomplicated cohort.

RESULTS
In total, 572 patients (427 with uncomplicated hypertension) were included. Thirty-three patients had MACE or died during follow up. In a univariate analysis, BNP was predictive of MACE and death in all groups. Ventricular dysfunction was not predictive of MACE and death in any group. Both BNP and SCORE had predictive value in this category. However, the magnitude and strength of the continuous association between BNP and events is higher and BNP adds significantly to the predictive value of SCORE as determined by likelihood ratios. The net reclassification improvement for BNP compared to stage B heart failure was 0.20.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates that in patients with hypertension, BNP is superior to ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography in the prediction of risk of MACE and death in a community-based cohort of patients with complicated and uncomplicated hypertension.