bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting ALK: Precision Medicine Takes on Drug Resistance
Authors: Lin Jessica J. , Riely Gregory J. , Shaw Alice T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAnaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a validated molecular target in several ALK-rearranged malignancies, including non–small cell lung cancer. However, the clinical benefit of targeting ALK using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is almost universally limited by the emergence of drug resistance. Diverse mechanisms of resistance to ALK TKIs have now been discovered, and these basic mechanisms are informing the development of novel therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance in the clinic. In this review, we summarize the current successes and challenges of targeting ALK.Significance: Effective long-term treatment of ALK-rearranged cancers requires a mechanistic understanding of resistance to ALK TKIs so that rational therapies can be selected to combat resistance. This review underscores the importance of serial biopsies in capturing the dynamic therapeutic vulnerabilities within a patient's tumor and offers a perspective into the complexity of on-target and off-target ALK TKI resistance mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies that can successfully overcome, and potentially prevent, these resistance mechanisms will have the greatest impact on patient outcome. Cancer Discov; 7(2); 137–55. ©2017 AACR.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 regulates microRNAs miR-494 and miR-126–5p in control of endothelial cell function in angiogenesis
Authors: Saretzki Erika , Pankratz Franziska , Engert Bianca , Grundmann Sebastian , Bode Christoph , Moser Martin , Zhou Qian , Esser Jennifer 
Published: January 2017

SummaryMicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. Several microRNAs have been described to regulate the process of angiogenesis. Previously, we have shown that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) increased the proangiogenic activity of endothelial cells. In this project, we now investigated how the pro-angiogenic BMP4 effect is mediated by microRNAs. First, we performed a microRNA array with BMP4-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Among the topregulated microRNAs, we detected a decreased expression of miR-494 and increased expression of miR-126–5p. Next, we analysed the canonical Smad and alternative signalling pathways, through which BMP4 would regulate miR-126–5p and miR-494 expression. Furthermore, the functional effect of miR-494 and miR-126–5p on endothelial cells was investigated. MicroRNA-494 overexpression decreased endothelial cell proliferation, migration and sprout formation. Consistently, miR-494 inhibition increased endothelial cell function. As potential miR-494 targets, bFGF and BMP endothelial cell precursorderived regulator (BMPER) were identified and confirmed by western blot. Luciferase assays showed direct miR-494 binding in BMPER 3’UTR. In contrast, miR-126–5p overexpression increased pro-angiogenic endothelial cell behaviour and, accordingly, miR-126–5p inhibition decreased endothelial cell function. As a direct miR-126–5p target we identified the anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1 which was confirmed by western blot analysis and luciferase assays. In the Matrigel plug assay application of antagomiR-494 increased endothelial cell ingrowth, whereas antagomiR-126–5p treatment decreased cell ingrowth in vivo. Taken together, through differential regulation of the anti-angiomiR-494 and the angiomiR-126–5p by BMP4 both microRNAs contribute to the pro-angiogenic BMP4 effect on endothelial cells.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
<b>Current status, distribution and conservation status of Algerian bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)</b>
Authors: Ahmim Mourad 
Published: January 2017

Algeria is the largest country in Africa (2,381,741km²), with 85% of the area consisting of the Sahara opening on to the Mediterranean (1,200 km coastline). Initially, 26 species of microbats were reported, and no comprehensive study has been undertaken since 1991. The advent of genetic molecular studies has revealed some species to be the same (Pipistrellus deserti and Pipistrellus kuhlii) while others have had their nomenclature changed (Eptisecus isabellinus instead of Eptisecus serotinus, Plecotus gaisleri instead of Plecotus austriacus, Rhinopoma cystops instead of Rhinopoma hardwickei). Miniopterus schreibersii is now classified in the new family of Miniopteridae. These changes have corrected the number of Algerian bat species to 25, belonging to seven different families. All species are threatened globally and are protected at the national level by Decree 12-135.
<b>Checklist of terebrantian thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) recorded from India</b>
Authors: Rachana R. R. , Varatharajan R. 
Published: January 2017

A consolidated systematic list of 333 species of terebrantian thrips, belonging to 118 genera (Insecta: Thysanoptera) recorded so far from India, is provided in this article. The list reveals that the family Thripidae has the lion’s share of 307 species, while Aeolothripidae, Melanthripidae, Merothripidae and Stenurothripidae contain very few species. Further, analysis of the present study shows that around 40% of the listed 333 terebrantian species appear to be endemic based on the comparison of Indian fauna with that of the published data of thrips of adjoining regions. Reports on the occurrence of exotic flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Neohydatothrips samayunkur (Kudo) are of concern to the country, as they are notorious for damage to the cultivated plants.
<b>Nepal’s National Red List of Birds</b>
Authors: Inskipp Carol , Baral Hem Sagar , Inskipp Tim , Khatiwada Ambika Prasad , Khatiwada Monsoon Pokharel , Poudyal Laxman Prasad , Amin Rajan 
Published: January 2017

The main objectives of the Nepal National Bird Red Data Book were to provide comprehensive and up-to-date accounts of all the bird species found in Nepal, assess their status applying the IUCN Guidelines at Regional Levels, identify threats to all bird species and recommend the most practical measures for their conservation. It is hoped that the Bird RDB will help Nepal achieve the Convention on Biological Diversity target of preventing the extinction of known threatened species and improving their conservation status. As population changes of Nepal’s birds have been studied for only a few species, assessments of species’ national status were mainly made by assessing changes in distribution. Species distribution maps were produced for all of Nepal’s bird species except vagrants and compared to maps that were produced in 1991 using the same mapping system. Of the 878 bird species recorded, 168 species (19%) were assessed as nationally threatened. These comprise 68 (40%) Critically Endangered species, 38 (23%) Endangered species and 62 (37%) Vulnerable species. A total of 62 species was considered Near Threatened and 22 species Data Deficient. Over 55% of the threatened birds are lowland grassland specialists, 25% are wetland birds and 24% tropical and sub-tropical broadleaved forest birds. Larger birds appear to be more threatened than smaller birds with 98 (25%) non-passerine species threatened and 67 (14%) passerine species. Habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation are the most important threats. Other threats include chemical poisoning, over-exploitation, climate change, hydropower, invasive species, intensification of agriculture, disturbance, and limited conservation measures and research. Measures to address these threats are described. It was also concluded that re-assessments of the status of certain bird groups carried out every five years and the setting up of a national online system for storing and reporting bird sightings would be useful.
Forecast Advisory for a Cold-Season Heavy Rainfall/Flood Event That Developed from Multiple Interactions of the Cold-Surge Vortex with Cold-Surge Flows in the South China Sea
Authors: Chen Tsing-Chang , Tsay Jenq-Dar , Matsumoto Jun , Alpert Jordan 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The peak intensity occurrence frequency over the life cycles of parent cold-surge vortices (CSVs) for heavy rainfall/flood (HRF) events is classified into two types depending on their life cycles having two or three peak intensities, denoted as HRF2 or HRF3, respectively. The formation of an HRF2 event from its parent CSV(HRF2) formation is ≤5 days, while the formation of an HRF3 event is ≥6 days. The latter group contributes ~57% of the total number of HRF events. As a result of some model constraints, the formation and development of HRF3 events are not well forecasted by the Global Forecast System (GFS) and regional forecast models. The life cycle and second peak intensity for CSV(HRF3) allow for the introduction of a forecast advisory for HRF3 events. Identification of CSVs and two sufficient requirements for the formation and occurrence of HRF events were developed by previous studies. Nevertheless, two new necessary steps are now included in the proposed forecast advisory. The population ratio for CSV(HRF3) and the regular CSV is only about 15%. The occurrence optimum time to for the CSV(HRF3) second peak intensity from this vortex formation is about 3 days 6 h. The GFS forecast over to is utilized to identify CSV(HRF3). Then, the relay of the GFS forecast from the occurrence time of the CSV(HRF3) second peak is used to predict the formation/occurrence of HRF3 events. Six HRF3 events during cold seasons for 2013–16 are used to test the feasibility of this forecast advisory. Results clearly demonstrate this advisory is a success for the forecast of HRF3 events over the entire life cycles of their parent CSV(HRF3)s.
Essential Cadmat — An Integrated Approach to A Foundation Course for Electronic Engineering Undergraduates
Authors: Harrison C. G. M. , Hill E. W. , Jones P. L. , King D. , Quayle R. S. , Tait D. J. 
Published: January 2017

Essential CADMAT — an integrated approach to a foundation course for electronic engineering undergraduates This paper gives details of a CADMAT programme for first-year undergraduates taking a new degree course in Electronic Systems Engineering at the University of Manchester. The students design, build and test a digital voltmeter using appropriate CAD tools.
A Project-Oriented Radar Systems Course: A Novel Experiment in Cooperative Pedagogy
Authors: Narayanan Ram M. , Holt Jack , Abel Edward 
Published: January 2017

A project-orientated radar systems course: a novel experiment in co-operative pedagogy This paper describes a novel approach to teaching a course on radar systems. The course contained a radar design project that was assigned, monitored and evaluated by U.S. Air Force personnel. Students obtained useful experience in ‘real-world’ design problems, team effort, technical writing and presentation. Similar cooperative ventures are recommended.
Practical Calculations of Electro-Dynamic Stresses on Bus Structures During Short Circuits with Particular Reference to Delta Steel Mill Comp
Authors: Ibrahim Emad S. 
Published: January 2017

Practical calculation of electrodynamic stress on bus structures during short circuits with particular reference to Delta Steel Mill Co. A simple, practical method of calculating the mechanical stresses in busbar structures during short circuits is developed and presented. Not only the short circuit current but also the mechanical characteristics of the busbar structures are considered, and the method should be applicable to a wide range of structures and circuit conditions.
On the Theory of Emission and Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation — An Argument
Authors: Gluskin Emanuel 
Published: January 2017

On the theory of emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation — an argument A more complete than usual use of the argument of the identity of photons is suggested for the teaching of radiation processes at the elementary level. The argument uses the concept of ‘observability’, known from system theory for estimating in the quantum-mechanical and statistical contexts, of the probability of occurrence of a casual process. The introductory discussion in Section 2 explains the reasonability of learning optoelectronics in the device-applicative, physical and system-theoretic aspects, with some emphasis associated with the research interests and pedagogical views of the author.
The Eye of the Beholder: Ratings of Risk Using a Reliable Instrument and Identical Clinical Material
Authors: Keown Patrick , Buchanan Alec 
Published: January 2017

Risk management is increasingly seen as a task for health professionals. However little is known about how different professionals perceive and rate risk. The purpose of this study was to see if professional background and experience influence how an assessor rates risk. Psychiatric staff were presented with identical clinical information about one case. They were then asked to score the HCR-20. This is a structured clinical assessment and gives a score of between 0 and 40. Higher scores indicate increased risk of future violence. There was a twofold variation in the score from 15 to 30. There was no difference between medical and non-medical staff. However there was a significant difference between different grades of psychiatrists. Senior psychiatrists scored the clinical and risk items significantly lower when compared with junior psychiatrists. There was no significant difference in the scoring of historical items. The twofold variation in the score on the HCR-20 emphasises that risk assessment is a two-way process. Individual differences of assessors may be very important. Our findings suggest that senior psychiatrists score risks as lower. Possible explanations are discussed.
Life Expectancy without Chronic Morbidity: Trends in Gender and Socioeconomic Disparities
Authors: Perenboom RJM , van Herten LM , Boshuizen HC , van den Bos GAM 
Published: January 2017

Objective. Life expectancy without chronic morbidity, or morbidity-free life expectancy (MFLE), was calculated to measure changes in population health status between 1989 and 2000 on the basis of gender and socioeconomic status. Methods. Sullivan's method was used to calculate morbidity-free life expectancy. Prevalence rates for chronic morbidity were derived from the Netherlands Continuous Health Interview Survey. Four socioeconomic groups were distinguished on the basis of educational level. Results. Between 1989 and 2000, total life expectancy increased for males and females and for all socioeconomic groups. Morbidity-free life expectancy decreased significantly for males (from 54.7 years to 53.9 years) and females (from 55.3 years to 51.0 years). The gap between males and females in MFLE has reversed, from 0.6 years in favor of females in 1989 to 2.9 years in favor of males in 2000. The gap between the upper and lower classes seems to have narrowed (for males from 11 years to 8.5 years and for females from 4.7 years to 4.0 years). Conclusions. The results indicate that morbidity-free life expectancy is falling for males and females and in all socioeconomic groups. Part of this decrease could be attributed to earlier diagnosis of chronic diseases. A widening gap in MFLE was observed between males and females in favor of males. The gap between the upper and lower socioeconomic groups seems to be narrowing.
Local Public Health System Partnerships
Authors: Zahner Susan J. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives. Interorganizational collaboration aimed at community health improvement is an expectation of local public health systems. This study assessed the extent to which such collaboration occurred within one state (Wisconsin), described the characteristics of existing partnerships, and identified factors associated with partnership effectiveness. Methods. In Stage 1, local health department (LHD) directors in Wisconsin were surveyed (93% response rate). In Stage 2, LHDs completed self-administered mailed surveys for each partnership identified in Stage 1 (85% response rate). Two-level hierarchical logit regression methods were used to model relationships between partnership and LHD variables and partnership outcomes. Data from 924 partnerships associated with 74 LHDs were included in the analysis. Results. Partnerships most frequently addressed tobacco prevention and control, maternal and child health, emergency planning, community assessment and planning, and immunizations. Partnering was most frequent with other government agencies, hospitals, medical practices or clinics, community-based organizations, and schools. Partnership effectiveness was predicted by having a budget, having more partners contributing financially, having a broader array of organizations involved, and having been in existence for a longer period of time. A government mandate to start the partnership was inversely related to successful outcomes. Characteristics of LHDs did not predict partnership effectiveness. Conclusions. Financial support, having a broader array of partners, and allowing sufficient time for partnerships to succeed contribute to partnership effectiveness. Further study—using objective outcome measures—is needed to examine the effects of organizational and community characteristics on the effectiveness of local public health system partnerships.
Low Income Parents' Reports of Communication Problems with Health Care Providers: Effects of Language and Insurance
Authors: Clemans-Cope Lisa , Kenney Genevieve 
Published: January 2017

Objectives. This study examines how parental reports of communication problems with health providers vary over a wider range of characteristics of low income children than considered in previous studies. Methods. Data were drawn from the 1999 and 2002 National Survey of America's Families. Communication problems, insurance type, socioeconomic characteristics, health factors, and provider type were examined. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate techniques. Results. Bivariate analysis identified that the parents of 24.4% of low income children and 36.4% of publicly covered low income children with a Spanish interview reported poor communication with health providers. Coefficients from regression analysis suggest that, controlling for covariates, foreign-born parents with a Spanish interview were 11.8 percentage points ( p<0.01) more likely to report communication problems than U.S.-born parents with an English interview. Among low income publicly covered children with a Spanish interview, regression analysis suggests that parents of children who used clinics or hospital outpatient departments as their usual source of care were 9.5 percentage points ( p<0.05) more likely to report communication problems compared with those whose usual source of care was a doctor's or HMO office. Conclusions. Implementing policies to improve communication barriers for low income children, particularly those with foreign-born parents whose native language is not English, may be necessary to reduce health disparities relative to higher income children across a variety of health domains including utilization, satisfaction, and outcomes. Focusing attention on the availability of professional translation services in clinics or hospital outpatient departments may be a cost-effective strategy for reducing communication problems for publicly insured children.
Assessment of a Commercial Searchable Population Directory as a Means of Selecting Controls for Case-Control Studies
Authors: Chintapalli Sabeena , Goodman Michael , Allen Mark , Ward Kevin , Liff Jonathan , Young John , Terry Paul 
Published: January 2017

We explored the feasibility of using SalesGenie®, a commercially available database, as a potential alternative to traditional methods of selecting controls for population-based case-control studies. An attractive feature of this particular database is that it permits a search within specific age ranges, geographic locations, and household income. Information on 1,068 cases reported to the California Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2005 was entered manually into the SalesGenie Web-based search engine. The frequency of Registry-to-SalesGenie matches was then compared with the frequency of matching the registry data to the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) records. Our findings indicate that the SalesGenie database is currently less comprehensive than DMV records. Nevertheless, Web-based population data sources may provide a potential alternative for population-based studies when used in conjunction with other methods, particularly in states where DMV records are not accessible to researchers.
Learning to Lead
Authors: Prahalad C K 
Published: January 2017

All large firms around the world are concerned about value creation through organic growth and innovation. In fact, continuous innovation is the only source of sustainable advantage. Indian industry can be a source of innovations, not just for the Indian market but also for the global market. And for this, India has to focus on the next practices, not just be content with the best practices. The competitive landscape is being altered by five major forces that will reshape the basis for competition: They are: i) Deregulation of a large number of industries such as telecom, power, health, and financial services bringing a significant change; ii) Globalization giving rise to ‘micro multinationals;’ iii) Emerging markets like India and China growing rapidly and already positioned to be the No. 2 and No. 3 economies of the world; iv) Convergence of technologies and industries wiping out old business boundaries and creating new ones; and v) Ubiquitous connectivity having a big impact on how business is done as more than a billion people are connected through wireless and personal computers (PCs). The innovation and the value creation debate around the world are centring on these five issues and the firms that adapt themselves fast to the changing scenario are going to be the winners. In this lecture, the author addresses the following questions: Where will the ‘next practices’ come from? How do we start seeing a pattern of opportunity that others may not yet recognize? How do we commercialize complex technologies? How do we understand the changing nature of the key driving forces that will create the next world economic order? How do we create a global perspective irrespective of our work or our current preoccupations? The author cites, as examples, specific case studies of innovation taking place in India in a wide variety of areas: hospitality industry, adult education, automotive, health care, and communications and computing. He believes that these examples represent the harbingers of next practices. The author has the following suggestions for the Indian industry to move to the next phase – to lead: Indians need to have the confidence and commitment to leverage their capacity for experimentation into the global marketplace. India needs to recognize the emerging patterns and develop a methodology for radical innovations. India needs a full measure of knowledge creators and thinkers. Indian companies are in a cusp of a very good opportunity and those who have the courage and imagination to move forward, experiment, consolidate, and leverage will be at an advantage.