bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin attenuates postmyocardial infarction injury via increasing Tom70 expression
Authors: Pei Hai‐Feng , Hou Juan‐Ni , Wei Fei‐Peng , Xue Qiang , Zhang Fan , Peng Cheng‐Fei , Yang Yi , Tian Yue , Feng Juan , Du Jin , He Lei , Li Xiu‐Chuan , Gao Er‐He , Li De , Yang Yong‐Jian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overload, exacerbating injury in myocardial infarction (MI). As a receptor for translocases in the outer mitochondrial membrane (Tom) complex, Tom70 has an unknown function in MI, including melatonin‐induced protection against MI injury. We delivered specific small interfering RNAs against Tom70 or lentivirus vectors carrying Tom70a sequences into the left ventricles of mice or to cultured neonatal murine ventricular myocytes (NMVMs). At 48 h post‐transfection, the left anterior descending coronary arteries of mice were permanently ligated, while the NMVMs underwent continuous hypoxia. At 24 h after ischemia/hypoxia, oxidative stress was assessed by dihydroethidium and lucigenin‐enhanced luminescence, mitochondrial damage by transmission electron microscopy and ATP content, and cell apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling and caspase‐3 assay. At 4 weeks after ischemia, cardiac function and fibrosis were evaluated in mice by echocardiography and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. Ischemic/hypoxic insult reduced Tom70 expression in cardiomyocytes. Tom70 downregulation aggravated post‐MI injury, with increased mitochondrial fragmentation and ROS overload. In contrast, Tom70 upregulation alleviated post‐MI injury, with improved mitochondrial integrity and decreased ROS production. PGC‐1α/Tom70 expression in ischemic myocardium was increased with melatonin alone, but not when combined with luzindole. Melatonin attenuated post‐MI injury in control but not in Tom70‐deficient mice. N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed the adverse effects of Tom70 deficiency in mitochondria and cardiomyocytes, but at a much higher concentration than melatonin. Our findings showed that Tom70 is essential for melatonin‐induced protection against post‐MI injury, by breaking the cycle of mitochondrial impairment and ROS generation.
Using complementary approaches to identify trans‐domain nuclear gene transfers in the extremophile Galdieria sulphuraria (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Pandey Ravi S. , Saxena Garima , Bhattacharya Debashish , Qiu Huan , Azad Rajeev K. 
Published: October 2016

Identification of horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) has primarily relied on phylogenetic tree based methods, which require a rich sampling of sequenced genomes to ensure a reliable inference. Because the success of phylogenetic approaches depends on the breadth and depth of the database, researchers usually apply stringent filters to detect only the most likely gene transfers in the genomes of interest. One such study focused on a highly conservative estimate of trans‐domain gene transfers in the extremophile eukaryote, Galdieria sulphuraria (Galdieri) Merola (Rhodophyta), by applying multiple filters in their phylogenetic pipeline. This led to the identification of 75 inter‐domain acquisitions from Bacteria or Archaea. Because of the evolutionary, ecological, and potential biotechnological significance of foreign genes in algae, alternative approaches and pipelines complementing phylogenetics are needed for a more comprehensive assessment of HGT. We present here a novel pipeline that uncovered 17 novel foreign genes of prokaryotic origin in G. sulphuraria, results that are supported by multiple lines of evidence including composition‐based, comparative data, and phylogenetics. These genes encode a variety of potentially adaptive functions, from metabolite transport to DNA repair.
Utilization of Mental Health Services by Veterans Living in Rural Areas
Authors: Teich Judith , Ali Mir M. , Lynch Sean , Mutter Ryan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeThere is concern that veterans living in rural areas may not be receiving the mental health (MH) treatment they need. This study uses recent national survey data to examine the utilization of MH treatment among military veterans with a MH condition living in rural areas, providing comparisons with estimates of veterans living in urban areas.MethodsMultivariable logistic regression is utilized to examine differences in MH service use by urban/rural residence, controlling for other factors. Rates of utilization of inpatient and outpatient treatment, psychotropic medication, any MH treatment, and perceived unmet need for MH care are examined.FindingsThere were significant differences in MH treatment utilization among veterans by rural/urban residence. Multivariate estimates indicate that compared to veterans with a MH condition living in urban areas, veterans in rural areas had 70% lower odds of receiving any MH treatment. Veterans with a MH condition in rural areas have approximately 52% and 64% lower odds of receiving outpatient treatment and prescription medications, respectively, compared to those living in urban areas. Differences in perceived unmet need for mental health treatment were not statistically significant.ConclusionsWhile research indicates that recent efforts to improve MH service delivery have resulted in improved access to services, this study found that veterans’ rates of MH treatment are lower in rural areas, compared to urban areas. Continued efforts to support the provision of behavioral health services to rural veterans are needed. Telemedicine, using rural providers to their maximum potential, and engagement with community stakeholder groups are promising approaches.
Multi‐drug‐resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus‐Acinetobacter baumannii complex infection outbreak in dogs and cats in a veterinary hospital
Authors: Kuzi S. , Blum S. E. , Kahane N. , Adler A. , Hussein O. , Segev G. , Aroch I. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundMembers of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus‐Acinetobacter baumannii complex cause severe outbreaks in humans, and are increasingly reported in animals.Objective and MethodsA retrospective study, describing a severe outbreak in dogs and cats caused by a multidrug resistant member of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus‐Acinetobacter baumannii complex in a veterinary hospital, between July 2010 and November 2012.ResultsThe study included 19 dogs and 4 cats. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus‐Acinetobacter baumannii complex bacteria were isolated from urine (9 animals), respiratory tract (11), tissues (3) and blood (1). The most common infection‐associated findings included fever, purulent discharge from endotracheal tubes, hypotension, and neutropaenia. Infections led to pneumonia, urinary tract infection, cellulitis and sepsis. Infection was transmitted in the intensive care unit, where 22 of 23 animals were initially hospitalised. The mortality rate was 70% (16 of 23 animals), and was higher in cases of respiratory infection compared to other infections. Aggressive environmental cleaning and disinfection, with staff education for personal hygiene and antisepsis, sharply decreased the infection incidence.Clinical SignificanceHealth care‐associated outbreaks with multidrug resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus‐Acinetobacter baumannii complex in dogs and cats are potentially highly fatal and difficult to eradicate, warranting monitoring, antiseptic techniques and judicious antibiotic use.
The use of disposable skin staples for intestinal resection and anastomosis in 63 dogs: 2000 to 2014
Authors: Rosenbaum J. M. , Coolman B. R. , Davidson B. L. , Daly M. L. , Rexing J. F. , Eatroff A. E. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo describe the use of disposable skin staples for intestinal resection and anastomosis in dogs and report associated dehiscence and mortality rates.MethodsRetrospective evaluation of medical records of dogs that underwent intestinal resection and anastomosis using disposable skin staples between 2000 and 2014. Data regarding patient signalment, indication for surgery, location of the resection and anastomosis, number of procedures performed, evidence of peritonitis at the time of surgery, surgeon qualifications, dehiscence, and mortality were obtained from the medical records. Mortality was defined as failure to survive beyond 10 days following resection and anastomosis.ResultsThe overall mortality rate of patients undergoing intestinal resection and anastomosis was 12·7% (8/63). The most common indication for resection and anastomosis was neoplasia (20/63 [31·7%]), followed by foreign body removal (19/63 [30·2%]). The overall dehiscence rate was 4·8% (3/63). No difference in mortality associated with indication for surgery, whether multiple procedures were performed, surgeon qualifications, or evidence of peritonitis at the time of surgery was identified.Clinical SignificanceIn this retrospective study, the overall mortality and dehiscence rates using disposable skin staples were similar to previously reported outcomes following resection and anastomosis.
Revision and recalibration of existing shock classifications for quartzose rocks using low‐shock pressure (2.5–20 GPa) recovery experiments and mesoscale numerical modeling
Authors: Kowitz Astrid , Güldemeister Nicole , Schmitt Ralf Thomas , Reimold Wolf‐Uwe , Wünnemann Kai , Holzwarth Andreas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA combination of shock recovery experiments and numerical modeling of shock deformation in the low‐shock pressure range from 2.5 to 20 GPa for two dry sandstone types of different porosity, a completely water‐saturated sandstone, and a well‐indurated quartzite provides new insights into strongly heterogeneous distribution of different shock features. (1) For nonporous quartzo‐feldspathic rocks, the traditional classification scheme (Stöffler ) is suitable with slight changes in pressure calibration. (2) For water‐saturated quartzose rocks, a cataclastic texture (microbreccia) seems to be typical for the shock pressure range up to 20 GPa. This microbreccia does not show formation of PDFs but diaplectic quartz glass/SiO2 melt is formed at 20 GPa (~1 vol%). (3) For porous quartzose rocks, the following sequence of shock features is observed with progressive increase in shock pressure (1) crushing of pores, (2) intense fracturing of quartz grains, and (3) increasing formation of diaplectic quartz glass/SiO2 melt replacing fracturing. The formation of diaplectic quartz glass/SiO2 melt, together with SiO2 high‐pressure phases, is a continuous process that strongly depends on porosity. This experimental observation is confirmed by our concomitant numerical modeling. Recalibration of the shock classification scheme results in a porosity versus shock pressure diagram illustrating distinct boundaries for the different shock stages.
Mineral chemistry of the Tissint meteorite: Indications of two‐stage crystallization in a closed system
Authors: Liu Yang , Baziotis Ioannis P. , Asimow Paul D. , Bodnar Robert J. , Taylor Lawrence A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Tissint meteorite is a geochemically depleted, olivine‐phyric shergottite. Olivine megacrysts contain 300–600 μm cores with uniform Mg# (~80 ± 1) followed by concentric zones of Fe‐enrichment toward the rims. We applied a number of tests to distinguish the relationship of these megacrysts to the host rock. Major and trace element compositions of the Mg‐rich core in olivine are in equilibrium with the bulk rock, within uncertainty, and rare earth element abundances of melt inclusions in Mg‐rich olivines reported in the literature are similar to those of the bulk rock. Moreover, the P Kα intensity maps of two large olivine grains show no resorption between the uniform core and the rim. Taken together, these lines of evidence suggest the olivine megacrysts are phenocrysts. Among depleted olivine‐phyric shergottites, Tissint is the first one that acts mostly as a closed system with olivine megacrysts being the phenocrysts. The texture and mineral chemistry of Tissint indicate a crystallization sequence of: olivine (Mg# 80 ± 1) → olivine (Mg# 76) + chromite → olivine (Mg# 74) + Ti‐chromite → olivine (Mg# 74–63) + pyroxene (Mg# 76–65) + Cr‐ulvöspinel → olivine (Mg# 63–35) + pyroxene (Mg# 65–60) + plagioclase, followed by late‐stage ilmenite and phosphate. The crystallization of the Tissint meteorite likely occurred in two stages: uniform olivine cores likely crystallized under equilibrium conditions; and a fractional crystallization sequence that formed the rest of the rock. The two‐stage crystallization without crystal settling is simulated using MELTS and the Tissint bulk composition, and can broadly reproduce the crystallization sequence and mineral chemistry measured in the Tissint samples. The transition between equilibrium and fractional crystallization is associated with a dramatic increase in cooling rate and might have been driven by an acceleration in the ascent rate or by encounter with a steep thermal gradient in the Martian crust.
The “suevite” conundrum, Part 1: The Ries suevite and Sudbury Onaping Formation compared
Authors: Osinski Gordon R. , Grieve Richard A. F. , Chanou Anna , Sapers Haley M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe term “suevite” has been applied to various impact melt‐bearing breccias found in different stratigraphic settings within terrestrial impact craters. Suevite was coined initially for impact glass‐bearing breccias from the Ries impact structure, Germany, which is the type locality. Various working hypotheses have been proposed to account for the formation of the Ries suevite deposits over the past several decades, with the most recent being molten‐fuel‐coolant interaction (MFCI) between an impact melt pool and water. This mechanism is also the working hypothesis for the origin of the bulk of the Onaping Formation at the Sudbury impact structure, Canada. In this study, the key characteristics of the Ries suevite, the Onaping Formation and MFCI deposits from phreatomagmatic volcanic eruptions are compared. The conclusion is that there are clear and significant lithological, stratigraphic, and petrographic observational differences between the Onaping Formation and the Ries suevite. The Onaping Formation, however, shares many key similarities with MFCI deposits, including the presence of layering, their well‐sorted and fine‐grained nature, and the predominance of vitric particles with similar shapes and lacking included mineral and lithic clasts. These differences argue against the viability of MFCI as a working hypothesis for genesis of the Ries suevite and for a required alternative mechanism for its formation.
Final year Australian nursing students’ experiences with bioscience: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Gordon Christopher J. , Hudson Peter B. , Plenderleith Mark B. , Fisher Murray , Craft Judy A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNursing students have reported bioscience to be challenging and difficult to understand. This might have a negative impact upon their ability to understand patients’ clinical conditions and nursing practice. We sought information about students’ experiences with bioscience. A total of 126 final year nursing students completed a questionnaire. The findings showed that the majority of participants considered bioscience subjects to require more work compared to nursing subjects (65.9%), and that they would like a better understanding of bioscience (73.8%), but understood that bioscience forms the foundation of nursing practice (76.2%). Younger participants without secondary school science rated bioscience harder than nursing subjects and spent more time studying bioscience compared to older participants. Participants without any secondary school science lacked an ability to apply bioscience concepts to patient conditions. These results showed that nursing students, especially those without secondary school science, would benefit from improved bioscience integration with nursing practice. Nursing and bioscience educators should consider greater alignment of bioscience with nursing practice subjects, especially earlier in the curriculum.
Genetic architecture of plant stress resistance: multi‐trait genome‐wide association mapping
Authors: Thoen Manus P. M. , Davila Olivas Nelson H. , Kloth Karen J. , Coolen Silvia , Huang Ping‐Ping , Aarts Mark G. M. , Bac‐Molenaar Johanna A. , Bakker Jaap , Bouwmeester Harro J. , Broekgaarden Colette , Bucher Johan , Busscher‐Lange Jacqueline , Cheng Xi , Fradin Emilie F. , Jongsma Maarten A. , Julkowska Magdalena M. , Keurentjes Joost J. B. , Ligterink Wilco , Pieterse Corné M. J. , Ruyter‐Spira Carolien , Smant Geert , Testerink Christa , Usadel Björn , van Loon Joop J. A. , van Pelt Johan A. , van Schaik Casper C. , van Wees Saskia C. M. , Visser Richard G. F. , Voorrips Roeland , Vosman Ben , Vreugdenhil Dick , Warmerdam Sonja , Wiegers Gerrie L. , van Heerwaarden Joost , Kruijer Willem , van Eeuwijk Fred A. , Dicke Marcel 
Published: October 2016

Summary

Plants are exposed to combinations of various biotic and abiotic stresses, but stress responses are usually investigated for single stresses only.

Here, we investigated the genetic architecture underlying plant responses to 11 single stresses and several of their combinations by phenotyping 350 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. A set of 214 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was screened for marker‐trait associations in genome‐wide association (GWA) analyses using tailored multi‐trait mixed models.

Stress responses that share phytohormonal signaling pathways also share genetic architecture underlying these responses. After removing the effects of general robustness, for the 30 most significant SNPs, average quantitative trait locus (QTL) effect sizes were larger for dual stresses than for single stresses.

Plants appear to deploy broad‐spectrum defensive mechanisms influencing multiple traits in response to combined stresses. Association analyses identified QTLs with contrasting and with similar responses to biotic vs abiotic stresses, and below‐ground vs above‐ground stresses. Our approach allowed for an unprecedented comprehensive genetic analysis of how plants deal with a wide spectrum of stress conditions.
Do environmental pollutants increase obesity risk in humans?
Authors: Wang Y. , Hollis‐Hansen K. , Ren X. , Qiu Y. , Qu W. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryObjectivesObesity has become a global epidemic and threat to public health. A good understanding of the causes can help attenuate the risk and spread. Environmental pollutants may have contributed to the rising global obesity rates. Some research reported associations between chemical pollutants and obesity, but findings are mixed. This study systematically examined associations between chemical pollutants and obesity in human subjects.MethodsSystematic review of relevant studies published between 1 January 1995 and 1 June 2016 by searching PubMed and MEDLINE®.ResultsThirty‐five cross‐sectional (n = 17) and cohort studies (n = 18) were identified that reported on associations between pollutants and obesity measures. Of them, 16 studies (45.71%) reported a positive association; none reported a sole inverse association; three (8.57%) reported a null association only; six (17.14%) reported both a positive and null association; seven (20.00%) reported a positive and inverse association; and three studies (8.57%) reported all associations (positive, inverse and null). Most studies examined the association between multiple different pollutants, different levels of concentration and in subsamples, which results in mixed results. Thirty‐three studies reported at least one positive association between obesity and chemicals, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, biphenyl A, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and more. Certain chemicals, such as biphenyl A, were more likely to have high ORs ranging from 1.0 to 3.0, whereas highly chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls were more likely to have negative ORs. Effects of chemicals on the endocrine system and obesity might vary by substance, exposure level, measure of adiposity and subject characteristics (e.g. sex and age).ConclusionsAccumulated evidences show positive associations between pollutants and obesity in humans. Future large, long‐term, follow‐up studies are needed to assess impact of chemical pollutants on obesity risk and related mechanisms.
Structural and functional analysis of de‐N‐acetylase PgaB from periodontopathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Parthiban C. , Varudharasu D. , Shanmugam M. , Gopal P. , Ragunath C. , Thomas L. , Nitz M. , Ramasubbu N. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans uses pga gene locus for the production of an exopolysaccharide made up of a linear homopolymer of β‐1,6‐N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine (PGA). An enzyme encoded by the pgaB of the pga operon in A. actinomycetemcomitans is a de‐N‐acetylase, which is used to alter the PGA. The full length enzyme (AaPgaB) and the N‐terminal catalytic domain (residues 25–290, AaPgaBN) from A. actinomycetemcomitans were cloned, expressed and purified. The enzymatic activities of the AaPgaB enzymes were determined using 7‐acetoxycoumarin‐3‐carboxylic acid as the substrate. The AaPgaB enzymes displayed significantly lower de‐N‐acetylase activity compared with the activity of the deacetylase PdaA from Bacillus subtilis, a member of the CE4 family of enzymes. To delineate the differences in the activity and the active site architecture, the structure of AaPgaBN was determined. The AaPgaBN structure has two metal ions in the active site instead of one found in other CE4 enzymes. Based on the crystal structure comparisons among the various CE4 enzymes, two residues, Q51 and R271, were identified in AaPgaB, which could potentially affect the enzyme activity. Of the two mutants generated, Q51E and R271K, the variant Q51E showed enhanced activity compared with AaPgaB, validating the requirement that an activating aspartate residue in the active site is essential for higher activity. In summary, our study provides the first structural evidence for a di‐nuclear metal site at the active site of a member of the CE4 family of enzymes, evidence that AaPgaBN is catalytically active and that mutant Q51E exhibits higher de‐N‐acetylase activity.
Buoyancy mechanisms limit preservation of coleoid cephalopod soft tissues in Mesozoic Lagerstätten
Authors: Clements Thomas , Colleary Caitlin , De Baets Kenneth , Vinther Jakob 
Published: October 2016

AbstractColeoid cephalopods are characterized by internalization of their shell, and are divided into the ten‐armed Decabrachia (squids and cuttlefish) and the eight‐armed Vampyropoda (octopuses and vampire squid). They have a rich fossil record predominantly of the limited biomineralized skeletal elements they possess: arm hooks, statoliths, mouthparts (the buccal mass) and internal shell (gladius or pen), although exquisitely preserved soft tissue coleoids are known from several Lagerstätten worldwide. Recent studies have shown that although morphological similarities between extant decabrachian gladii and fossil examples exist, no known examples of fossil decabrachians are currently known. However, molecular clock data and phylogenetic bracketing suggest that they should be present in Lagerstätten that are rich in vampyropod soft tissue fossils (i.e. Hâkel and Hâdjoula Lagerstätten, Cretaceous, Lebanon). We propose that a hitherto unknown taphonomic bias pertaining to the differing methods of buoyancy control within coleoid groups limits preservation potential. Both negatively and neutrally buoyant decabrachians use chemical buoyancy control (ammonia) whereas vampyropods do not. In the event of rapid burial in an environment conducive to exceptional preservation, ammonia dramatically decreases the ability of the decabrachian carcass to generate the required pH for authigenic calcium phosphate replacement, limiting its preservation potential. Moreover, the greater surface area and comparatively fragile dermis further decrease the potential for fossilization. This taphonomic bias may have contributed to the lack of preserved labile soft‐tissues in other cephalopods groups such as the ammonoids.