bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sintering cycle on the strength and translucency of multilayered zirconia
Authors: Sawangsri Kedith , Makowka Steven , Bencharit Sompop , Kim Hyeongil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeA newly introduced sintering protocol promises to offer higher translucency while not significantly compromising the flexural strength of the material. However, the effect of the novel sintering protocol has not been thoroughly validated. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the effect of two sintering protocols on the translucency and flexural strength of two multilayered zirconia materials.Materials and MethodsTwo types of multilayered zirconia materials (ZirCAD Prime and Prime esthetic) were selected. Presintered disk specimens were obtained from Translucent, Gradient, and Dentin layers (n = 20). The disks were allocated to 2 groups: standard sintering protocol (peak temperature 1500°C) and high translucency sintering protocol (peak temperature 1600°C). After the sintering process, 10 specimens from each group were randomly selected. The optical values (L*, a*, b*) were measured and used to assess translucency using the relative translucency parameter (RTP00) and translucency differences (ΔRTP00). Then, all 20 specimens were tested for biaxial flexural strength. The outcomes were analyzed. The analysis of variance is used to analyze any significant effects on translucency and flexural strength. Then, any significant difference in the translucency and flexural strength between all pairs of materials was analyzed using Bonferroni‐corrected Student's t‐test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe high translucency sintering protocol significantly decreased biaxial strength in the Prime translucent and dentine layer, Prime esthetic translucent, and gradient layer. RTP00 was significantly reduced in the Prime gradient and Prime esthetic gradient layer when sintered with a high translucency protocol. The lowest ΔRTP00 was observed in the Prime dentine layer, while the highest ΔRTP00 was observed in the Prime esthetic dentin layer.ConclusionsHigh translucency protocol significantly lowers the biaxial flexural strength of both multilayered materials, but the alteration in translucency is within clinically acceptable thresholds (TAT00 = 2.62).
Dermatologic Conditions in Down Syndrome: A Multi‐Site Retrospective Review of International Classification of Diseases Codes
Authors: Rakasiwi Tasya , Ryan Chenin , Stein Amy , Vu Alan , Dykman Morgan , Shah Ipsit , Reilly Catherine , Brokamp Gabrielle , Mologousis Mia A. , Komishke Bailey , Hou Vincent , Maguiness Sheilagh , Kirkorian A. Yasmine , Price Harper , Hawryluk Elena B. , Fernandez Faith Esteban , Lara‐Corrales Irene , Gurnee Emily , Holland Kristen E. , Rork Jillian F. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveAs the population and life expectancy of people with Down syndrome increases, identifying common skin conditions throughout the lifespan will help inform clinical care and research. We sought to evaluate dermatologic conditions diagnosed in pediatric and adult patients with Down syndrome.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective study analyzed demographic and outpatient visit International Classification of Diseases codes of patients with Down syndrome evaluated at outpatient dermatology clinics in the United States or Canada between 2011 and 2021.ResultsA total of 1529 patients with Down syndrome were identified from eight academic medical centers: 50.8% were children (0–12 years), 25.2% were adolescents (13–17 years), and 24% were adults (18 years and older). Eczematous dermatitis was the most common diagnosis overall (26%), followed by folliculitis (19.3%) and seborrheic dermatitis (15.6%). Other notable diagnoses included dermatophyte infections (13%), alopecia areata (11.6%), and psoriasis (6.7%). About 4.3% of visits included a code for high‐risk medication use. Eczematous dermatitis, alopecia areata, and folliculitis were the most common diagnoses observed in children; folliculitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and eczematous dermatitis in adolescents; and seborrheic dermatitis, eczematous dermatitis, and folliculitis in adults.ConclusionsDermatologic conditions in patients with Down syndrome vary by age, but are most often eczematous, adnexal, and cutaneous autoimmune disorders. This multicenter retrospective review identifies skin diseases that should be prioritized for clinical care guideline development and research in the Down syndrome community.
Making citizens: The effects of attending a public versus a privately managed school on voter turnout
Authors: Larsson Taghizadeh Jonas , Österman Marcus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article, we examine how voter turnout is affected by attending a public versus a privately managed school in Sweden. Despite the rapid increase in school voucher programs throughout the world, few studies have examined the effects of attending a private voucher school on political participation, and research outside the US context is scarce. Sweden represents a different institutional context from those examined in previous research, as practically all privately managed schools—including for‐profit schools—are publicly funded and operate under the same regulatory conditions as public schools. Applying a regression‐discontinuity design and registry data, we find no significant difference in turnout between students who attended schools of the two types. Overall, our results suggest that public and privately managed schools could be just as capable of providing citizens with the resources to participate politically, as long as they operate under the same constraints regarding regulation and funding.
Transmission of values or access to resources? Effects of social class, capitals, and networks on civic engagement
Authors: Cebula Michał 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper expands our knowledge on class divides in civic participation by asking a question to what extent class effect may be accounted for by differences in capitals (economic and cultural) and personal social networks. Two pathways of networks operation are considered: one related to the structure of network (size and diversity) and the other referring to the type of people someone is connected to (network content). Using Poland as a case, I evaluate the approach by using representative survey data for one urban population aged 18–75 (N = 1010) and building an integrated measure of civic engagement. The results show that: (i) civic participation varies by class position and depends on access to resources (in particular cultural capital); (ii) individuals with larger social networks are more civically engaged, but the same is not true for network diversity; (iii) having family contacts (but not non‐family contacts) of higher average prestige is positively related to the level of participation, in line with the social influence argument; and (iv) the effect of class position is partially mediated by capital endowment and networking. The findings point to the goal‐specificity of social capital and indicate that individual social capital does not translate automatically into a community's social capital.
Surgical techniques for ovarian endometriosis
Authors: Grammatis Alexandros L , Lazaridis Alexandros , Becker Christian M , Saridogan Ertan 
Published: September 2024

Key content:
All patients with ovarian endometriosis should be offered an individualised, shared decision‐making approach informed by clinical history, symptoms and fertility status.
Surgical management of ovarian endometriosis can be effective in treating endometriosis‐associated pelvic pain and infertility, but there is no current evidence that surgery for ovarian endometriosis increases the success of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment.
Ovarian reserve tests should be considered before any ovarian surgery and can help guide the patient towards the optimal treatment.
The Endometriosis Fertility Index should be incorporated into pre‐operative consultations as a validated tool that estimates the likelihood of spontaneous conception following surgical intervention.
Surgeons should be trained in different surgical techniques, types of diathermy and haemostatic agents that can minimise the risk of inadvertent injury to normal ovarian cortex.
Learning objectives:
To facilitate informed decision‐making regarding the treatment of ovarian endometriosis.
To gain insight into the possible surgical techniques available to manage ovarian endometriosis and the evidence behind them.
To understand the impact of each technique on endometriosis‐associated pain, fertility outcomes and recurrence rates.
Ethical considerations:
Should fertility preservation be offered to all women of reproductive age with fertility aspirations and a diagnosis of endometriomas?
Should integrated care boards (ICBs) devise specific criteria to offer funding for fertility preservation as an option before surgery for ovarian endometriosis?
Some Current Developments for Monitoring the Health of Military Aircraft Using Wear Debris Analysis Techniques
Authors: Roylance Brian J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An overview of wear debris analysis methods is presented against the background of recent and current usage, and developments in the health monitoring of military aircraft in the USA, Canada and the UK. The scope for performing wear particle analysis, with particular reference to recent developments in morphological analysis, is examined in relation to the requirements for present and future condition-based maintenance programs.
Construction of On-Line Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis System for Large Scale Complicated Hydraulic Equipment
Authors: Jiancheng Zhang , Entao Zhou , Jianwen Chen , Shichang Zhou , Guokang Li 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The working process of a large scale complicated hydraulic equipment is analysed from the function and the principle by means of the method of the bridge of fluid resistance. On this basis, the design of an on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis system for the equipment is introduced in detail. In combination with a practical example of fault diagnosis, the usage of the system is shown. The selection of monitoring signal, learning mechanism and the cooperation between person and computer. These problems related the construction of the on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis system, are also discussed.
Tissue Electrical Properties As a Function of Thermal Dose for Use in a Finite Element Model
Authors: Ryan Thomas P. , Platt Robert C. , Dadd Jeffery S. , Humphries Stanley 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A finite element model for tissue heating by electromagnetic energy was used to predict temperatures over time intervals associated with clinical treatments. Thermal and electrical properties of tissue as well as perfusion are input as functions of temperature. The software recalculates power absorption and temperature distribution based on updates of tissue properties which may change due to the thermal dose history. A damage integral overlay was implemented to predict the extent of necrosis. At frequencies below 1 MHz, there were no published data for various tissue types regarding the change in electrical properties of tissue over a range of temperatures and times. To address this, an automated laboratory was set up to characterize electrical properties of brain, liver, muscle, fat, and blood over a range of time and temperatures at 500 kHz. Although brain, fat, and blood showed a monotonic increase in conductivity with increasing temperature and time, there were breakpoints. For muscle and liver, breakpoints were seen at 60°C and 70°C, respectively, with a decrease in conductivity thereafter. Finally, the importance of considering tissue changes will be demonstrated in devices intended for use in human clinical trials, modeled with the system.
Three-Level Optimization Design of Laminated Composite Structures and Design Variable Chain
Authors: Liu Jiemin , Sawa T. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A three-level optimization design method suitable for laminated composite structures subjected to complex external loads under constraint conditions, such as strength, displacement, twist, and size constraints, is presented. In order to reduce the scale of optimization still further, the design variable chain (DVC) is applied to the optimal design of laminated composite structures. The numerical examples show that: (1) the three-level optimization method is effective for solving the the optimum design problems of laminated composite structures which are subjected to behavior and size constraints under complicated external loads; (2) the use of DVC can reduce the time of optimization process greatly.
Strategies for effective high pressure germination or inactivation of
Bacillus
spores involving nisin
Authors: Heydenreich Rosa , Delbrück Alessia I. , Trunet Clément , Mathys Alexander 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The major challenge in employing high pressure (HP) at moderate temperature for sterilization is the remarkable resistance of bacterial spores. High isostatic pressure can initiate spore germination, enabling subsequent inactivation under mild conditions. However, not all spores could be triggered to germinate under pressure at temperatures ≤80°C so far. In this study, germination treatment combinations were evaluated for
Bacillus
spores involving moderate HP (150 MPa, 37°C, 5 min), very HP (vHP, 550 MPa, 60°C, 2.5 or 9 min), simple and complex nutrient germinants [L-valine, L-alanine, and tryptic soy broth (TSB)], nisin, and incubation at atmospheric pressure (37°C). The most effective combinations for
Bacillus subtilis
resulted in a reduction of culturable dormant spores by 8 log
10
units. The combinations involved nisin, a nutrient germinant (L-valine or TSB), a first vHP treatment (550 MPa, 60°C, 2.5 min), incubation at atmospheric pressure (37°C, 6 h), and a second vHP treatment (550 MPa, 60°C, 2.5 min). Such treatment combination with L-valine reduced
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
spores by only 2 log
10
units.
B. amyloliquefaciens,
thus, proved to be substantially more HP-resistant compared to
B. subtilis
, validating previous studies. Despite combining different germination mechanisms, complete germination could not be achieved for either species. The natural bacteriocin nisin did seemingly not promote HP germination initiation under chosen HP conditions, contrary to previous literature. Nevertheless, nisin might be beneficial to inhibit the growth of HP-germinated or remaining ungerminated spores. Future germination experiments might consider that nisin could not be completely removed from spores by washing, thereby affecting plate count enumeration.

IMPORTANCE
Extremely resistant spore-forming bacteria are widely distributed in nature. They infiltrate the food chain and processing environments, posing risks of spoilage and food safety. Traditional heat-intensive inactivation methods often negatively affect the product quality. HP germination–inactivation offers a potential solution for better preserving sensitive ingredients while inactivating spores. However, the presence of ungerminated (superdormant) spores hampers the strategy’s success and safety. Knowledge of strategies to overcome resistance to HP germination is vital to progress mild spore control technologies. Our study contributes to the evaluation and development of mild preservation processes by evaluating strategies to enhance the HP germination–inactivation efficacy. Mild preservation processes can fulfill the consumers’ demand for safe and minimally processed food.
A case-control study and molecular epidemiology of yersiniosis in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Rivas Lucia , Horn Beverley , Armstrong Bridget , Wright Jackie , Strydom Hugo , Wang Jing , Paine Shevaun , Thom Kristin , Orton Ashley , Robson Beth , Lin Susan , Wong Jimmy , Brunton Cheryl , Smith Debbie , Cooper Jess , Mangalasseril Loushy , Thornley Craig , Gilpin Brent 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to determine risk factors and sources attributed to yersiniosis in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). A risk factor questionnaire was administered to 247 notified yersiniosis cases and 258 control participants from the Canterbury and/or Wellington regions of NZ.
Yersinia
sp. isolates from clinical cases and a range of food sources were whole-genome sequenced and genetically compared.
Yersinia enterocolitica
(YE) bioserotype 2/3, O:9 [McNally multi-locus sequence type (ST) 12] and YE Biotype (BT) 1A (46 different STs) predominated within the consented cases (45 and 27%, respectively). Exposure to pork was identified as a significant risk factor for cases associated with YE ST12. The presence of YE ST12 was confirmed in retail raw meat, primarily raw pork. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis identified multiple genomically very closely related clusters (0–5 SNPs) of YE ST12, predominately from raw pork with clinical cases from one or both regions. Risk factors associated with YE BT 1A included the consumption of cooked seafood, sushi, tofu, and some vegetable types. Analysis of specific risk factors and SNP analysis, combined, indicate that raw pork is a significant risk factor for exposure and infection to pathogenic YE cases, but not BT 1A cases.
Guanabenz acetate, an antihypertensive drug repurposed as an inhibitor of
Escherichia coli
biofilm
Authors: Farha Arakkaveettil Kabeer , Habimana Olivier , Corke Harold 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Biofilms formed by
Escherichia coli
are composed of amyloid curli and cellulose and have been shown to be linked to pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance, and chronic infections. Guanabenz acetate (GABE), an antihypertensive drug, was identified as a potential strategic repurposing drug due to its biofilm inhibitory properties following an extensive antimicrobial screening assay of 2,202 Food and Drug Administration-approved non-antibiotic agents. The results of this study provide insights into the effectiveness of GABE as a therapeutic alternative against
E. coli
biofilm-associated infectious diseases.

IMPORTANCE

Biofilm-associated bacterial infections are one of the major problems in medical settings. There are currently limited biofilm inhibitors available for clinical use. Guanabenz acetate, a drug used to treat high blood pressure, was found to be an effective anti-biofilm agent against
Escherichia coli
. Our results show that this drug can inhibit the production of cellulose and curli amyloid protein, which are the two main components of
E. coli
biofilms. Our findings highlight the possibility of repurposing a drug to prevent
E. coli
biofilm formation.
Ankle sprains in male Israeli infantry soldiers during training: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Steinberg Nili , Shenhar Michal , Dar Gali , Waddington Gordon , Witchalls Jeremy , Paulman Omer , Milgrom Chuck , Finestone Aharon 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundGiven the high incidence and heavy burden of ankle sprains in recruits, large-scale, multifactorial investigations into potential risk factors are warranted. This study aimed to identify the incidence of ankle sprains and associated risk factors among new military recruits during their infantry training.MethodsThe study included 365 infantry recruits (aged 18–21 years), who were inducted into service in March 2022. These recruits were monitored for ankle sprains throughout their basicy and advanced infantry training by a physiotherapist. Preinduction smoking habits, physical fitness preparation and recurrent ankle sprains were recorded. Anthropometric measures, lower-extremity functional movement, Achilles tendon structure, perceived ankle instability, and mechanical ankle instability were assessed at the onset of both training periods.ResultsAnkle sprains were diagnosed in 109 trainees (29.9%) during both the basic and the advanced training periods. Preinduction recurrent ankle sprains were reported by 28.2% of the participants. The relative risk of a recruit with preinduction ankle sprains suffering a subsequent sprain during training was 1.66 (p=0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that reduced proprioception ability (OR=0.002), higher body mass index (OR=1.08), preinduction recurrent sprains (OR=1.95) and lack of physical fitness preparation (OR=3.12) were related to ankle sprains throughout the complete basic-and-advanced training period. Preinduction recurrent ankle sprains (OR=3.37) and reduced Achilles tendon quality (OR=1.30) were associated with ankle sprains during the advanced training period.ConclusionsLower-extremity functional movement, body mass index, preinduction recurrent sprains, physical preparation and reduced Achilles tendon quality were associated with the risk of ankle sprains during training. These findings could contribute to developing prevention and intervention programmes for reducing ankle sprains in military trainees.
Economy-wide impact of a reduction in tobacco use in India
Authors: John Rijo M , Narayanan Badri , Chakravarthy Sumathi , Bharathi Sindhu , Sinha Praveen , Munish Vineet Gill , Goodchild Mark 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundPublic policy measures aimed at regulating tobacco use should consider the net gains for the nation, as the tobacco sector contributes to employment and tax revenue while also imposing substantial economic burden on the country. This study investigates the economy-wide impact of reducing tobacco consumption in India through the implementation of fiscal measures.MethodsThe study uses a computable general equilibrium model based on the Global Trade Analysis Project model and database and augments the same with several country-specific information on tobacco products, to examine the macroeconomic impact of a targeted reduction in the consumption of bidis, cigarettes and smokeless tobacco by 10% by the year 2026 through the adoption of fiscal measures.ResultsThe model results suggest that the targeted reduction in consumption may result in a 0.14% reduction in the gross domestic product (GDP) and a 0.44% reduction in overall employment in the economy. However, after accounting for the averted premature deaths due to tobacco use, the results indicate a net 0.22% increase in GDP and a net increase in employment of about 1.36 million jobs (or 0.29% of the labour force) over 5 years. Further, the tax increase measures proposed in this model to achieve the targeted reduction in consumption would generate an additional US$2774 million in revenues to the exchequer.ConclusionThe impact of targeted prevalence reduction of tobacco use is a win-win for the country considering its positive macroeconomic impacts in terms of net increases in both GDP as well as employment.
Liberal Intergovernmentalism Under Revision: The EEAS and the Creation of a Supra-State Diplomatic Body
Authors: Lamoso González Paula 
Published: September 2024

Summary
Why do Member States agree to create supra-state institutions? Do institutional frameworks affect outcomes? This study employs theory-testing process tracing to contribute to liberal intergovernmentalism by examining the configuration process of the European External Action Service, negotiated within two innovative institutional settings: the Convention and the Quadrilogue. The study concludes that liberal intergovernmentalism needs to be nuanced, as institutional settings are crucial in building supra-state institutions by shaping actors’ behaviour through available choices and conclusions. The bargaining was supra-state rather than intergovernmental. Preference formation was domestic but not liberal, as no interest group, other than the diplomatic corps, was involved. The European External Action Service was agreed upon as a package deal based on benefits to Member States and EU institutional actors, along with control mechanisms. Evidence comes from sixty in-depth elite interviews with EU officials and member state representatives directly involved in the negotiations.