bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Insight into Understand the Enhanced Photoconductivity Properties of Ti (O2) Plate Spurted with Al2O3 for Water Oxidation
Authors: Venkatkarthick Radhakrishnan , Kiruthika Gobichettipalayam Venkataramani Manohar , Davidson Donald Jonas , Ravichandran Subbiah , Sozhan Ganapathy , Vasudevan Subramanyan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe development of efficient, economic and environmentally friendly photoanode remains the primary materials challenge in the establishment of a scalable technology for solar water oxidation. Thus, for the simple materials such as Titania (TiO2) and its composites, was prepared by an easy method and studied extensively. High efficiency photoanode materials require properties like light trapping, electron and hole transportation. To provide a more efficient large scale TiO2 coating, we introduce a high throughput methodology wherein Al2O3 was spurted on titanium (Ti) plate. Photocurrents corresponding to water oxidation, under a standard AM 1.5G solar illumination, in a photoelectrochemical cell using Al2O3 spurted TiO2 film as photoanode was investigated and highest photocurrent of 40 μA cm−2 at zero bias vs (Ag/AgCl) was achieved when compared to pure TiO2. The light absorbing capability of the Al2O3 spurted TiO2 photoanode was demonstrated from the UV‐Visible diffuse reflectance spectra and decrease in the band gap of 0.13 eV for the TiO2 film was observed which could be attributed to the improved photocurrents due to the increased charge carriers on the TiO2 film. Increase of charge carrier concentration on the TiO2 film could be effected due to the passivation of surface states upon Al2O3 spurting.
Cholesterol and Dihydrocholesterol are Simple Steroidal Molecular Gelators: How One Double Bond Controls the Structure and Mechanotropic Properties of Their Gels
Authors: Ajay Mallia V. , Samai Suman , Weiss Richard G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIt has long been overlooked that cholesterol and dihydrocholesterol, two basic, “parent” steroids, can act as molecular gelators. Here, we report the structure, self‐assembly and mechanotropic properties of molecular gels with these two steroids. The specific characteristics of the gels are found to depend on the presence or absence of a double bond in the B‐ring of the steroid gelators. Polarizing optical micrographs show that the self‐assembled fibrillar networks consist of spherulitic or fibrillar crystalline objects which depend on the liquid and the manner in which the sol is transformed into a gel. Some of the gels are partially thixotropic and others undergo rarely detected gel‐gel phase transitions. Also, the first single crystal structure of dihydrocholesterol is reported. It has a triclinic space group P1 with 4 independent DHC molecules and 2 ethanol molecules (the crystallization solvent) in its unit cell. Overall, the results included here provide information about how much more complex steroids aggregate into fibrillar networks, and they demonstrate that even well‐studied systems can be hiding intriguing untold secrets.
Selective Detection of H2O2 Using para‐Phenylenediamine Capped Ce3+/Tb3+‐Doped NaYF4 Microrods
Authors: Meesaragandla Brahmaiah , Verma Akash , Bheemireddy Varun , Mahalingam Venkataramanan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this work, we have shown the use of Ln3+‐doped nanomaterials for the selective detection of H2O2 upto nM concentration. This is achieved by capping the Ce3+/Tb3+‐doped NaYF4 microrods using para‐phenylenediamine (p‐PDA). The microrods show strong green emission upon UV excitation due to strong energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ ions. This strong energy transfer is selectively quenched upon addition of H2O2 leading to reduction in the green emission intensity. This selective quenching of the green emission is due to oxidation of p‐PDA to Bandrowski's base which has strong absorption band close to 310 nm, which falls in 4f5d emission level of Ce3+ ions. The proposed mechanism is also supported by TD‐CAM‐DFT calculations performed on p‐PDA and its oxidized product. The reduction in the emission intensity is found to be very selective which is verified by the addition of other analytes (glucose, glutamic acid, uric acid, urea, tryptophan, aspartic acid and some metal ions, Na+, K+, SO42+, and Mg2+) which normally co‐exist with H2O2 in the body. More than 90% of the initial intensity of the Tb3+ was recovered upon the addition of a NaBH4 solution. The study clearly implies that the resonance energy transfer (RET) using Ln3+‐doped microrods can serve as a tool to selectively detect H2O2 upto the nanomolar concentration.
Experimental and Theoretical AIM and NCI Index Study of Substituted Arene Tricarbonyl Complexes of Chromium(0)
Authors: Fukin Georgy K. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Yu. Zarovkina Natalia , Artemov Alexander N. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe molecular structure and charge density distribution in the crystals of (η6‐2,3‐phenyl‐1,2‐oxazolidine‐5‐carbonitrile)‐ tricarbonyl‐chromium (1) and (η6‐2‐t‐Butyl‐3‐phenyl‐1,2‐ oxazolidine‐5‐carbonitrile)‐tricarbonyl‐chromium (2) derived from the high‐resolution single crystal X‐ray diffraction data at 100 K is reported together with DFT calculations of these molecules. The noncovalent interaction (NCI) index was tested for evaluation of the hapticity of arene ligands in1and2. In contrast to AIM (the quantum theory of atoms in molecules) bond‐path analysis the NCI index adequately describes electronic aspects of the Cr‐arene interactions. These results are in agreement with analysis data of source function (SF) and delocalization index (DI). Thus the NCI index along with the SF and DI can be applied for investigation of metal‐ligand interactions which are characterized by very flat change of electron density.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin–derived Diaryl Ethers to Aromatics and Alkanes Using Nickel on Zr–doped Niobium Phosphate
Authors: Jin Shaohua , Chen Xiao , Li Chuang , Tsang Chi‐Wing , Lafaye Gwendoline , Liang Changhai 
Published: September 2016

Abstract4‐O‐5 diaryl ether owns the strongest aryl−aryl ether bond of the abundant Caryl−O bonds in lignin. Selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of diaryl ethers to oxygen‐free aromatics and alkanes has been achieved over nickel nanoparticles supported on Zr‐doped niobium phosphate solid acids in an autoclave under the mild conditions. Py‐IR, NH3‐TPD and TEM techniques were conducted to investigate the surface acidity and metal particle distribution of as‐synthesized catalysts. Nickel on Zr‐doped niobium phosphate exhibited an excellent activity for 84 % conversion of diaryl ether and a better selectivity of oxygen‐free aromatic about 62 % and the total HDO selectivity reached up to 92 % at 220 oC and 0.5 MPa, which is attributed to the favorable synergetic catalytic effect between acid sites and metal sites. In addition, higher reaction temperature favors the production of oxygen‐free aromatics and alkanes and low H2 pressure is benefit for formation of benzene.
Selective Deoxygenation of Pyridine N‐Oxides through Photoredox Catalysis of a Dilacunary Silicotungstate
Authors: Jeong Jinu , Suzuki Kosuke , Hibino Mitsuhiro , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we report a highly selective and widely applicable method for deoxygenation of pyridine N‐oxides using ethanol as the reducing agent through the visible‐light‐responsive photoredox catalysis of a divacant lacunary silicotungstate TBA4H4[γ‐SiW10O36] (I, TBA=tetra‐n‐butylammonium). By irradiation with visible light (λ > 385 nm), the two‐electron and two‐proton transfers from the coordinated ethanol to I efficiently took place. Then, the transiently stored electrons and protons within I could be effectively utilized for the selective deoxygenation of pyridine N‐oxides. Various kinds of structurally diverse pyridine N‐oxides could be converted into the corresponding substituted pyridines in high yields, even in the presence of other reducible functional groups, such as olefinic, chloro, cyano, carbonyl, and amide groups. In addition, I could be readily retrieved after the reaction, and the retrieved I could be reused with keeping its high catalytic performance. The lacunary site of I played an important dual role as the electron transfer site from ethanol to I and the selective electron transfer site from the reduced I to pyridine N‐oxides.
First Stereo Selective Total Synthesis of Antimicrobial Trichoderic acid
Authors: Kumar Nandigama Satish , Kumar Rayala Naveen , Rao L. Chandrasekhara , Meshram Harshadas Mitaram 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe first stereo selective total synthesis of the antimicrobial sesquiterpene trichoderic acid is reported. The key steps of this synthetic strategy involves (R)‐CBS‐mediated stereoselective keto reduction, Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) olefination was employed twice for chain elongation, requisite aldehyde to perform HWE olefination was prepared from commercially available 3‐methylcyclohexenone and intramolecular oxa Michael addition.
Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of Iodosylbenzene Nanoparticles as a New Nano–reagent
Authors: Zakavi Saeed , motlagh Reza Jafari 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIodosylbenzene (PhIO) and its derivatives are efficient terminal oxidants that have gained considerable attention. However, it suffers from limited solubility in most organic solvents and water. In the present study, the nanoparticles of iodosylbenzene has been synthesized with the aim of enhancing solubility in different solvents and its reactivity in oxidation reactions without any change in its chemical composition. Controlled alkaline hydrolysis of iodobenzene diacetate in the presence of (triethyleneglycol)monomethyl ether as stabilizer produced the nanoparticles. The average radius of the nanostructures determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), was 149 and 71 nm, respectively. Also, the maximum height of nanoparticles measured from AFM images was 16 nm. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM‐EDX) confirmed the formation of non‐spherical iodosylbenzene nanoparticles. The results of 1H and 13C NMR studies in DMSO‐d6 are in accord with the existence of different oligomeric iodosylbenzene particles in solution. This observation was also confirmed by the superimposed FT‐IR spectra of the bulk and nano‐sized products. Non‐catalytic oxidation of 1,5‐naphthalenediol to juglone with the bulk and nano‐sized oxidants, also the oxidation of styrene in the absence and presence of meso‐tetraphenylporphyrinatomanganese(III) acetate, confirmed the increased oxidizing ability of the nano‐sized oxidant.
Simulation and wake analysis of a single vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Hezaveh Seyed Hossein , Bou‐Zeid Elie , Lohry Mark W. , Martinelli Luigi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBecause of several design advantages and operational characteristics, particularly in offshore farms, vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are being reconsidered as a complementary technology to horizontal axial turbines. However, considerable gaps remain in our understanding of VAWT performance since cross‐flow rotor configurations have been significantly less studied than axial turbines. This study examines the wakes of VAWTs and how their evolution is influenced by turbine design parameters. An actuator line model is implemented in an atmospheric boundary layer large eddy simulation code, with offline coupling to a high‐resolution blade‐scale unsteady Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes model. The large eddy simulation captures the turbine‐to‐farm scale dynamics, while the unsteady Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes captures the blade‐to‐turbine scale flow. The simulation results are found to be in good agreement with three existing experimental datasets. Subsequently, a parametric study of the flow over an isolated VAWT, carried out by varying solidities, height‐to‐diameter aspect ratios and tip speed ratios, is conducted. The analyses of the wake area and velocity and power deficits yield an improved understanding of the downstream evolution of VAWT wakes, which in turn enables a more informed selection of turbine designs for wind farms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the errors involved in ice-thickness estimates I: ground-penetrating radar measurement errors
Authors: LAPAZARAN J.J. , OTERO J. , MARTÍN-ESPAÑOL A. , NAVARRO F.J. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThis is the first (Paper I) of three companion papers focused respectively, on the estimates of the errors in ice thickness retrieved from pulsed ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data, on how to estimate the errors at the grid points of an ice-thickness DEM, and on how the latter errors, plus the boundary delineation errors, affect the ice-volume estimates. We here present a comprehensive analysis of the various errors involved in the computation of ice thickness from pulsed GPR data, assuming they have been properly migrated. We split the ice-thickness error into independent components that can be estimated separately. We consider, among others, the effects of the errors in radio-wave velocity and timing. A novel aspect is the estimate of the error in thickness due to the uncertainty in horizontal positioning of the GPR measurements, based on the local thickness gradient. Another novel contribution is the estimate of the horizontal positioning error of the GPR measurements due to the velocity of the GPR system while profiling, and the periods of GPS refreshing and GPR triggering. Their effects are particularly important for airborne profiling. We illustrate our methodology through a case study of Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard.
On the errors involved in ice-thickness estimates III: error in volume
Authors: MARTÍN-ESPAÑOL A. , LAPAZARAN J. J. , OTERO J. , NAVARRO F. J. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper is the third (Paper III) in a set of studies of the errors involved in the estimate of ice thickness and ice volume. Here we present a methodology to estimate the error in the calculation of the volume of an ice mass from an ice-thickness DEM. We consider the two main error sources: the ice-thickness error at each DEM grid point and the uncertainty in the boundary delineation. To accurately estimate the volume error due to the error in thickness of the DEM, it is crucial to determine the degree of correlation among the ice-thickness errors at the grid points. We find that the two-dimensional integral range, which represents the equivalent area of influence of each independent value, allows estimation of the equivalent number of independent values of error within the DEM. Hence, it provides an easy way to obtain the volume error resulting from the uncertainty in ice thickness of a DEM. We show that the volume error arising from the uncertainty in boundary delineation, often neglected in the literature, can be of the same order of magnitude as the volume error resulting from ice-thickness errors. We illustrate our methodology through the case study of Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard.
BELONGING AND CONTINUITY: ISRAELI DRUZE AND LEBANON, 1982–2000
Authors: Kaufman Asher 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article analyzes spatial perceptions and practices of Druze citizens of Israel before, during, and after the Israeli occupation of South Lebanon in 1982−2000. It argues that the opening of the Israel–Lebanon border in 1982 and its closing in 2000 had three effects: it generated internal social, political, and cultural changes within the community in Israel; it changed the relationship of the Druze with the State of Israel; and it reestablished strong ties with their coreligionists in Lebanon and Syria. Drawing insight from the field of border studies, the article shows how Druze citizens of Israel live concomitantly in state and suprastate spatial scales, forming a third, integrated or hybrid, spatial scale. The article proposes using the concept “hybrid spatial scale” as a tool for studying communities such as the Druze that operate on multiple territorial scales.
THE PROTECTION QUESTION: CENTRAL ASIANS AND EXTRATERRITORIALITY IN THE LATE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Authors: Can Lâle 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article examines the impact of the Ottoman Empire's battle against legal imperialism on the status of Central Asians in its domains, specifically after the promulgation of a nationality law in 1869 that classified them as foreigners. It traces how the threat of Muslim colonial subjects attaining European consular protections led to the emergence of a “Central Asian protection question”: whether Afghans, Bukharans, and Chinese Muslims had legitimate claims to European legal nationality and, by extension, capitulatory privileges. Through a number of case studies, the article shows how the Ottoman Foreign Ministry fused international legal norms and pan-Islamic claims to arrive at the position that Central Asians from informally colonized lands were not “real” subjects of European empires, and that they were under the exclusive protection of the caliphate. This strategy, I argue, undermined the creation of an Ottoman citizenship boundary and opened up a complex field of inter- and intraimperial contestation about who was a foreigner. In contrast to positive associations with legal pluralism in this period, Central Asian migrants and pilgrims who were protected by the caliph but not recognized as Ottomans or European subjects found that they could not benefit from practices such as forum shopping and affiliation switching. And while the notion of foreignness remained subject to multiple and conflicting interpretations across the empire, I argue that nationality as a legal category was incontrovertibly becoming a defining feature of these foreign Muslims' rights and status in the sultan's domains.
CTHRC1 promotes angiogenesis by recruiting Tie2-expressing monocytes to pancreatic tumors
Authors: Lee Jaemin , Song Jinhoi , Kwon Eun-Soo , Jo Seongyea , Kang Min Kyung , Kim Yeon Jeong , Hwang Yeonsil , Bae Hosung , Kang Tae Heung , Chang Suhwan , Cho Hee Jun , Kim Song Cheol , Kim Seokho , Koh Sang Seok 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCTHRC1 (collagen triple-helix repeat-containing 1), a protein secreted during the tissue-repair process, is highly expressed in several malignant tumors, including pancreatic cancer. We recently showed that CTHRC1 has an important role in the progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Although CTHRC1 secretion affects tumor cells, how it promotes tumorigenesis in the context of the microenvironment is largely unknown. Here we identified a novel role of CTHRC1 as a potent endothelial activator that promotes angiogenesis by recruiting bone marrow-derived cells to the tumor microenvironment during tumorigenesis. Recombinant CTHRC1 (rCTHRC1) enhanced endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration and capillary-like tube formation, which was consistent with the observed increases in neovascularization in vivo. Moreover, rCTHRC1 upregulated angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), a Tie2 receptor ligand, through ERK-dependent activation of AP-1 in ECs, resulting in recruitment of Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEMs) to CTHRC1-overexpressing tumor tissues. Treatment with a CTHRC1-neutralizing antibody-abrogated Ang-2 expression in the ECs in vitro. Moreover, administration of a CTHRC1-neutralizing antibody to a xenograft mouse model reduced the tumor burden and infiltration of TEMs in the tumor tissues, indicating that blocking the CTHRC1/Ang-2/TEM axis during angiogenesis inhibits tumorigenesis. Collectively, our findings support the hypothesis that CTHRC1 induction of the Ang-2/Tie2 axis mediates the recruitment of TEMs, which are important for tumorigenesis and can be targeted to achieve effective antitumor responses in pancreatic cancers.
Antagonistic roles of Drosophila Tctp and Brahma in chromatin remodelling and stabilizing repeated sequences
Authors: Hong Sung-Tae , Choi Kwang-Wook 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGenome stability is essential for all organisms. Translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) is a conserved protein associated with cancers. TCTP is involved in multiple intracellular functions, but its role in transcription and genome stability is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate new functions of Drosophila TCTP (Tctp) in transcription and the stability of repeated sequences (rDNA and pericentromeric heterochromatin). Tctp binds Brahma (Brm) chromatin remodeler to negatively modulate its activity. Tctp mutants show abnormally high levels of transcription in a large set of genes and transposons. These defects are ameliorated by brm mutations. Furthermore, Tctp promotes the stability of repeated sequences by opposing the Brm function. Additional regulation of pericentromeric heterochromatin by Tctp is mediated by su(var)3-9 transcriptional regulation. Altogether, Tctp regulates transcription and the stability of repeated sequences by antagonizing excess Brm activity. This study provides insights into broader nuclear TCTP functions for the maintenance of genome stability.
A ketone/alcohol polymer for cycle of electrolytic hydrogen-fixing with water and releasing under mild conditions
Authors: Kato Ryo , Yoshimasa Keisuke , Egashira Tatsuya , Oya Takahiro , Oyaizu Kenichi , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFinding a safe and efficient carrier of hydrogen is a major challenge. Recently, hydrogenated organic compounds have been studied as hydrogen storage materials because of their ability to stably and reversibly store hydrogen by forming chemical bonds; however, these compounds often suffer from safety issues and are usually hydrogenated with hydrogen at high pressure and/or temperature. Here we present a ketone (fluorenone) polymer that can be moulded as a plastic sheet and fixes hydrogen via a simple electrolytic hydrogenation at −1.5 V (versus Ag/AgCl) in water at room temperature. The hydrogenated alcohol derivative (the fluorenol polymer) reversibly releases hydrogen by heating (80 °C) in the presence of an aqueous iridium catalyst. Both the use of a ketone polymer and the efficient hydrogen fixing with water as a proton source are completely different from other (de)hydrogenated compounds and hydrogenation processes. The easy handling and mouldable polymers could suggest a pocketable hydrogen carrier.
Predicting episodic memory formation for movie events
Authors: Tang Hanlin , Singer Jed , Ison Matias J. , Pivazyan Gnel , Romaine Melissa , Frias Rosa , Meller Elizabeth , Boulin Adrianna , Carroll James , Perron Victoria , Dowcett Sarah , Arellano Marlise , Kreiman Gabriel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEpisodic memories are long lasting and full of detail, yet imperfect and malleable. We quantitatively evaluated recollection of short audiovisual segments from movies as a proxy to real-life memory formation in 161 subjects at 15 minutes up to a year after encoding. Memories were reproducible within and across individuals, showed the typical decay with time elapsed between encoding and testing, were fallible yet accurate, and were insensitive to low-level stimulus manipulations but sensitive to high-level stimulus properties. Remarkably, memorability was also high for single movie frames, even one year post-encoding. To evaluate what determines the efficacy of long-term memory formation, we developed an extensive set of content annotations that included actions, emotional valence, visual cues and auditory cues. These annotations enabled us to document the content properties that showed a stronger correlation with recognition memory and to build a machine-learning computational model that accounted for episodic memory formation in single events for group averages and individual subjects with an accuracy of up to 80%. These results provide initial steps towards the development of a quantitative computational theory capable of explaining the subjective filtering steps that lead to how humans learn and consolidate memories.