bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of trilayer core–shell polysilsesquioxane–fluoroacrylate copolymer composite emulsion particles
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Sha , Hao Lifen , Wang Xuechuan 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPolysilsesquioxane–fluoroacrylate copolymer [poly(methyl methacrylate)–butyl acrylate–dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate)] (FPSQ) composite latex particles with a trilayer core–shell morphology were manufactured by seeded emulsion polymerization, where PSQ latex particles bearing reactive methacryloxypropyl moieties were first produced by the hydrolysis‐condensation of (3‐methacryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, and then they were utilized as seeds, with methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate as the inner and outer shell monomers. Fourier‐transform infrared spectra and 1H‐NMR confirm the structure of the FPSQs. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that the obtained composite emulsion particles emerge with the trilayer core–shell pattern. Due to the anchoring of PSQ nanoparticles, the thermal stabilities of the FPSQ films are strengthened, and the resistance to heat is gradually improved along with the increase of the fluoroacrylate dose in the polymer matrix composite. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and hydrophobicity investigations indicate that the fluorinated chain segments tend to concentrate at the film–air two‐phase interface. In addition, the AFM result denotes that importing more fluorine into the FPSQ hybrid material will engender greater phase separation and enrichment of the fluoroalkyl segments and a rougher morphology. Thus, the water contact angle of the FPSQ film can ultimately reach 121.4°. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44845.
Biodegradable films based on chitosan, xanthan gum, and fish protein hydrolysate
Authors: de Morais Lima Maria , Bianchini Daniela , Guerra Dias Alvaro , da Rosa Zavareze Elessandra , Prentice Carlos , da Silveira Moreira Angelita 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to develop films based on chitosan, xanthan gum, and protein hydrolysate of Whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri), evaluating their antioxidant activity and also their mechanical, physical, structural, morphological, thermal, and barrier properties. The mixture of xanthan gum and protein hydrolysate promoted some changes in chitosan films. The addition of xanthan gum increased tensile strength and changed the color parameters of films. The addition of Whitemouth croaker protein hydrolysate increased the antioxidant activity of the films. However, higher concentrations of hydrolysate tend to increase moisture and decrease their tensile strength. All films had homogeneous structure, with no phase separation and fissures. Significant differences in water solubility and water vapor permeability were not observed by the addition of xanthan gum and protein hydrolysate. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44899.
High‐performance carboxylate superplasticizers for concretes: Interplay between the polymerization temperature and properties
Authors: Tajbakhshian Alireza , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Najafi Farhood , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Ayoubi Mohammadreza , Asl Farzaneh Hassanpour 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPolycarboxylate superplasticizers based on acrylic acid (AA) and maleic anhydride (MAn) were synthesized via free‐radical copolymerization with an ethylene glycol monomer and characterized. The copolymerization temperature (ranging from 50 to 90 °C) appeared to be the key operating factor governing the chemical structure of the superplasticizers. The chemical structures of the products were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, whereas an optimized sample was further analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H‐NMR. Superplasticizers of the AA and MAn classes were then incorporated into concrete, and their performances were measured by slump and slump loss tests, where a large dependency of the microstructure on the synthesis temperature was recognized. The optimum temperatures were found to be 50 and 80 °C for the AA and MAn modifiers, respectively. At their own optimum temperatures, the AA and MAn superplasticizer revealed slump losses from 23 to 4 cm and 15 to 5 cm, respectively, after 45 min. The chemical structures of the plasticizers were patterned illustratively to speculate the performance of each superplasticizer according to changes that took place in the backbone length and side‐chain density. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44908.
Vermiculite/polyacrylamide copolymers microspheres for profile control in oilfields
Authors: Ma Guoyan , Shen Yiding , Wang Xiaorong , Guo Xing , Wu Zhe 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPolyacrylamide copolymers (PAMVT) microspheres were prepared through inverse emulsion polymerization by using acrylic acid (AA), 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) as functional monomers, N,N′‐methylene bis‐acrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker and modified vermiculite (MVMT) with the single‐factor experiments. The initial and swelled particle sizes were tested through the dynamic light scattering (DLS). The swelled particle size under the optimum conditions could be 1.98 μm. The structure was characterized through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), which indicated that vermiculite has successfully modified and the polymerization reaction was completed. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that MVMT was evenly filled with PAM copolymers. The water absorption capacity can be up to 80.2%. The recovery efficiency of the water flooding was increased from 69.33% to 77.56%. All these results indicated that the microspheres emulsions could be used as profile control agent to enhance the recovery efficiency. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44918.
Synthesis, characterization, and properties of new 3‐hexyl‐2,5‐diphenylthiophene: Phenylene vinylenes copolymers as colorimetric sensor for iodide anion
Authors: Mansha Muhammad , Sohail Manzar , Ullah Nisar 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTFour new conjugated copolymers P1‐P4 have been prepared by the Horner‐Emmons and Knoevenagel polymerization reactions. P1‐P4 were characterized by NMR, FTIR, cyclic voltammetry (CV), diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy (DR UV–vis), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The optical band gaps of these polymers, calculated from the onset absorption edge, were found between 2.15 and 2.34 eV. The band gaps calculated by CV were ranged between 1.94 and 2.57 eV. The presence of nitrile moiety on the phenylene vinylene unit is believed to influence the optical properties of these polymers, i.e., P3 and P4 have shown lower band gaps than P1 and P2. All polymers possess good iodide anion sensing property over a wide range of other anions (F−, Cl−, Br−,
, CN−), indicating their promise in fabricating selective iodide sensors. The initial colorless solution of polymers in THF changed to deep yellow upon the addition of aqueous solution of iodide salts along with significant changes in the UV–vis spectra of the polymers. The limit of detection (LOD) for P1‐P4 were found between 0.43 and 2.54 mM. These polymers constitute long alkoxy and alkyl side chains, bearing excellent solubility in most common organic solvents which warrants their suitability for photovoltaic devices application. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44948.
Hydrogen bonds prevent obtaining high molar mass PHUs
Authors: Blain Marine , Cornille Adrien , Boutevin Bernard , Auvergne Rémi , Benazet Dominique , Andrioletti Bruno , Caillol Sylvain 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(hydroxyurethane)s (PHUs) are desired to replace PolyUrethanes (PUs) which are synthesized using harmful isocyanates. Nevertheless, the synthesis of PHUs starting from cyclocarbonates and amines displays two major drawbacks: the low reactivity observed during the opening of (poly)cyclocarbonates by (poly)amines and the low molar masses of polymers obtained. Currently, intensive work is carried out in order to increase the efficiency of the aminolysis of cyclocarbonates reaction but very few is dedicated to explaining the limitations of molar masses of PHUs. This article aims at demonstrating that the low molar masses can be explained by the existence of side reactions and the incomplete conversion of monomers during the polymerization. These conclusions were obtained after complete DSC and NMR studies that evidence that the incomplete conversion of monomers and therefore the low molar masses are caused mainly by hydrogen bonding and partly by the formation of urea. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44958.
Effect of cooling conditions on the mechanical properties of crystalline poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Huang Tong , Yamaguchi Masayuki 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTAppropriate cooling conditions in melt processing were found to provide crystalline poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with greater mechanical toughness in tensile tests. PLA films cooled near its glass transition temperature Tg showed ductile behavior, whereas those obtained by a quenching process exhibited brittle fracture. The content of gauche‐gauche (gg) conformer, which leads to low critical onset stress for shear yielding, increased in the films cooled near Tg. The crystallinity of the films hardly affected their mechanical toughness and proportion of gg conformer except for that with a high degree of crystallinity (>50%). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44960.
Aqueous‐Phase Hydrodeoxygenation of Biomass Sugar Alcohol into Renewable Alkanes over a Carbon‐Supported Ruthenium with Phosphoric Acid Catalytic System
Authors: Weng Yujing , Wang Tiejun , Qiu Songbai , Wang Chenguang , Ma Longlong , Zhang Qi , Chen Lungang , Li Yuping , Sun Fei , Zhang Qian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRecently, we demonstrated the catalytic conversion of biomass hydrolysate and real biomass into renewable alkanes over a Ru/C catalyst with aqueous phosphoric acid (Ru/C+H3PO4) and we obtained a high yield of C5/C6 alkanes. In this study, the mechanism of sorbitol hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) into alkanes over the Ru/C+H3PO4 catalytic system was investigated by using a trickle‐bed reactor. A high HDO performance was detected with a large amount of long‐chain alkanes in the products. Subsequently, pre‐ and postcharacterization studies (N2 adsorption, XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, TEM, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption, H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, FTIR spectroscopy) were performed on the relevant catalysts to study the change of the catalytic active sites. Moreover, mineral acid experiments were performed to study the influence of phosphoric acid on the HDO performance.
Oxidant‐free Dehydrogenation of Glycerol to Lactic Acid by Heterogeneous Platinum Catalysts
Authors: Siddiki S. M. A. Hakim , Touchy Abeda S. , Kon Kenichi , Toyao Takashi , Shimizu Ken‐ichi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAmong various supported metal nanoparticle catalysts, Pt‐loaded carbon (Pt/C) catalysts, including a commercial one, showed the highest yield for selective dehydrogenation of glycerol to lactic acid under oxidant‐free, solvent‐free, and alkaline conditions. For the reaction with Pt/C, the effects of conditions (type of basic additives, the amount of water, atmosphere, reactor) on the catalytic activity and selectivity were studied. Combined with a reaction pathway in the literature and our result of control reactions, we proposed a strategy for decreasing the selectivity of byproducts. The optimized conditions gave a high turnover number of 69 000. To clarify the structural factors affecting the catalytic activity, we show the effect of electronic states of various transition metals on the activity as well as the effect of Pt particle size on the turnover frequency per surface Pt atom.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Co3O4 Sheets for Reversible Li Storage: Regulation of Structure and Performance
Authors: Yao Wenli , Dai Qinian , Liu Yong , Zhang Qian , Zhong Shengwen , Yan Zhengquan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo elucidate the relationship between the structure and Li‐storage performances, a controllable and porous nanosheet‐shaped Co3O4 material (Co3O4‐AS) was constructed from nano‐β‐Co(OH)2 precursor, which was obtained from a common Co(NO3)2 solution without any templates under microwave radiation conditions. A probable assembly mechanism is proposed on the basis of various analyses and comparisons. After its structure was characterized by using SEM, XRD, TEM, and N2 absorption/desorption isotherms, Co3O4‐AS was effectively applied an a highly reversible Li‐storage anode in a lithium‐ion battery, with a reversible capacity of 920 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles and even a capacity of 445 mAh g−1 at 5C. The improved properties could be attributed to the remarkable synergistic effects between porous structures and sheet‐shaped morphologies, resulting in short and facile diffusion, good electronic−ionic conductivity, and structural stability during cycling.
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose Derived Oxygen‐Rich Porous Carbon Anodes for High‐Performance Lithium/Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yongzhi , Meng Yan , Wang Yujue , Chen Li , Guo Yong , Xiao Dan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Dr. Yongzhi Zhang et al. from Sichuan University (Chengdu, China). The image shows the conversion of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) into oxygen‐rich porous carbons and their application in anodes for lithium‐/sodium‐ion batteries. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201600577.
Soft, Wet‐Chemical Synthesis of Metastable Superparamagnetic Hexagonal Close‐Packed Nickel Nanoparticles in Different Ionic Liquids
Authors: Wegner Susann , Rutz Christina , Schütte Kai , Barthel Juri , Bushmelev Alexey , Schmidt Annette , Dilchert Katharina , Fischer Roland A. , Janiak Christoph 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe microwave‐induced decomposition of bis{N,N′‐diisopropylacetamidinate}nickel(II) [Ni{MeC(NiPr)2}2] or bis(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) [Ni(COD)2] in imidazolium‐, pyridinium‐, or thiophenium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) with different anions (tetrafluoroborate, [BF4]−, hexafluorophosphate, [PF6]−, and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [NTf2]−) yields small, uniform nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs), which are stable in the absence of capping ligands (surfactants) for more than eight weeks. The soft, wet‐chemical synthesis yields the metastable Ni hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) and not the stable Ni face‐centered cubic (fcc) phase. The size of the nickel nanoparticles increases with the molecular volume of the used anions from about 5 nm for [BF4]− to ≈10 nm for [NTf2]− (with 1‐alkyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium cations). The n‐butyl‐pyridinium, [BPy]+, cation ILs reproducibly yield very small nickel nanoparticles of 2(±1) nm average diameter. The Ni NPs were characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) and powder X‐ray diffraction. An X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis shows an increase of the binding energy (EB) of the electron from the Ni 2p3/2 orbital of the very small 2(±1) nm diameter Ni particles by about 0.3 eV to EB=853.2 eV compared with bulk Ni0, which is traced to the small cluster size. The Ni nanoparticles show superparamagnetic behavior from 150 K up to room temperature. The saturation magnetization of a Ni (2±1 nm) sample from [BPy][NTf2] is 2.08 A m2 kg−1 and of a Ni (10±4 nm) sample from [LMIm][NTf2] it is 0.99 A m2 kg−1, ([LMIm]=1‐lauryl‐3‐methyl‐ imidazolium). The Ni NPs were active catalysts in IL dispersions for 1‐hexene or benzene hydrogenation. Over 90 % conversion was reached under 5 bar H2 in 1 h at 100 °C for 1‐hexene and a turnover frequency (TOF) up to 1330 molhexane (molNi)−1 h−1 or in 60 h at 100 °C for benzene hydrogenation and TOF=23 molcyclohexane (molNi)−1 h−1.
Self‐Assembly of Hierarchical Ni‐Mo‐Polydopamine Microflowers and their Conversion to a Ni‐Mo2C/C Composite for Water Splitting
Authors: Sun Lianshan , Wang Chunli , Sun Qujiang , Cheng Yong , Wang Limin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWith the aim of finding efficient non‐noble metal catalysts for water splitting, hierarchical Ni‐Mo‐polydopamine microflowers (Ni‐Mo2C/C MF) were synthesized through a facile aqueous‐phase reaction at room temperature. NiMoO4 nanowires were utilized as both Ni and Mo source; they can complex with dopamine to form a hierarchical structure and affect the scale of the final product. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurement of Ni‐Mo2C/C microflowers (MF) shows a high content of Mo2C and Ni (>90 wt %). For the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the Ni‐Mo2C/C MF displays a low overpotential of 99 mV at a current density of −10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 73 mV dec−1 in 1.0 m KOH. By comparison with Mo2C/C microspheres (MS), the nanosized Ni‐doped particles offer more active sites and enhance the kinetic performance. This facile synthesis strategy is also suitable for preparing other metal‐Mo2C/C composites that can be used in the fields of catalysis and energy conversion.
Mild, Aqueous α‐Arylation of Ketones: Towards New Diversification Tools for Halogenated Metabolites and Drug Molecules
Authors: Marelli Enrico , Renault Yohann , Sharma Sunil V. , Nolan Steven P. , Goss Rebecca J. M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe palladium‐catalysed aqueous α‐arylation of ketones was developed and tested for a large variety of reaction partners. These mild conditions enabled the coupling of aryl/alkyl‐ketones with N‐protected halotryptophans, heterocyclic haloarenes, and challenging base‐sensitive compounds. The synthetic potential of this new methodology for the diversification of complex bioactive molecules was exemplified by derivatising prochlorperazine. The methodology is mild, aqueous and flexible, representing a means of functionalizing a wide range of halo‐aromatics and therefore has the potential to be extended to complex molecule diversification.
Trachycladines and Analogues: Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticancer Activity
Authors: Peitsinis Zisis V. , Mitrakas Achilleas G. , Nakiou Eirini A. , Melidou Dafni A. , Kalamida Dimitra , Kakouratos Christos , Koukourakis Michael I. , Koumbis Alexandros E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of four new analogues of marine nucleoside trachycladine A was accomplished by direct regio‐ and stereoselective Vorbrüggen glycosylations of 2,6‐dichloropurine and 2‐chloropurine with a d‐ribose‐derived chiron. Naturally occurring trachycladines A and B and a series of analogues were examined for their cytotoxic activity against a number of cancer cell lines (glioblastoma, lung, and cervical cancer). Parent trachycladine A and two analogues (the diacetate of the 2,6‐dichloropurine derivative and N‐cyclopropyl trachycladine A) resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, with the latter exhibiting a stronger effect. The same compounds enhanced the cytotoxic effect of docetaxel in lung cancer cell lines, whereas additional experiments revealed that their mode of action relies on mitotic catastrophe rather than DNA damage. Moreover, their activity as autophagic flux blockers was postulated.
Recent Advances in the Discovery of PqsD Inhibitors as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Zhou Ziteng , Ma Shutao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe treatment of the infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic Gram‐negative bacterium, is very difficult. High intrinsic tolerance toward common antibiotics and the development of new resistant strains challenge us to find a new treatment as soon as possible. PqsD is an enzyme essential for the P. aeruginosa quorum‐sensing apparatus, which catalyzes the final and key step in the biosynthesis of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐heptylquinolone (HHQ), which is a signal molecule of the P. aeruginosa quorum‐sensing system. In this review, following an outline on their structures, we present a brief introduction of the PqsD inhibitors including their mechanisms of action, inhibitory activity, and structure–activity relationships.
Early estimates of SEER cancer incidence, 2014
Authors: Lewis Denise Riedel , Chen Huann‐Sheng , Cockburn Myles G. , Wu Xiao‐Cheng , Stroup Antoinette M. , Midthune Douglas N. , Zou Zhaohui , Krapcho Martin F. , Miller Daniel G. , Feuer Eric J. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDCancer incidence rates and trends for cases diagnosed through 2014 using data reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program in February 2016 and a validation of rates and trends for cases diagnosed through 2013 and submitted in February 2015 using the November 2015 submission are reported. New cancer sites include the pancreas, kidney and renal pelvis, corpus and uterus, and childhood cancer sites for ages birth to 19 years inclusive.METHODSA new reporting delay model is presented for these estimates for more consistent results with the model used for the usual November SEER submissions, adjusting for the large case undercount in the February submission. Joinpoint regression methodology was used to assess trends. Delay‐adjusted rates and trends were checked for validity between the February 2016 and November 2016 submissions.RESULTSValidation revealed that the delay model provides similar estimates of eventual counts using either February or November submission data. Trends declined through 2014 for prostate and colon and rectum cancer for males and females, male and female lung cancer, and cervical cancer. Thyroid cancer and liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer increased. Pancreas (male and female) and corpus and uterus cancer demonstrated a modest increase. Slight increases occurred for male kidney and renal pelvis, and for all childhood cancer sites for ages birth to 19 years.CONCLUSIONSEvaluating early cancer data submissions, adjusted for reporting delay, produces timely and valid incidence rates and trends. The results of the current study support using delay‐adjusted February submission data for valid incidence rate and trend estimates over several data cycles. Cancer 2017;123:2524–34. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Specific Interaction between Redox Phospholipid Polymers and Plastoquinone in Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain
Authors: Tanaka Kenya , Kaneko Masahiro , Ishikawa Masahito , Kato Souichiro , Ito Hidehiro , Kamachi Toshiaki , Kamiya Kazuhide , Nakanishi Shuji 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRedox phospholipid polymers added in culture media are known to be capable of extracting electrons from living photosynthetic cells across bacterial cell membranes with high cytocompatibility. In the present study, we identify the intracellular redox species that transfers electrons to the polymers. The open‐circuit electrochemical potential of an electrolyte containing the redox polymer and extracted thylakoid membranes shift to positive (or negative) under light irradiation, when an electron transport inhibitor specific to plastoquinone is added upstream (or downstream) in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The same trend is also observed for a medium containing living photosynthetic cells of Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942. These results clearly indicate that the phospholipid redox polymers extract photosynthetic electrons mainly from plastoquinone.