bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explainable breast cancer molecular expression prediction using multi-task deep-learning based on 3D whole breast ultrasound
Authors: Huang Zengan , Zhang Xin , Ju Yan , Zhang Ge , Chang Wanying , Song Hongping , Gao Yi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To noninvasively estimate three breast cancer biomarkers, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and enhance performance and interpretability via multi-task deep learning.

Methods
The study included 388 breast cancer patients who received the 3D whole breast ultrasound system (3DWBUS) examinations at Xijing Hospital between October 2020 and September 2021. Two predictive models, a single-task and a multi-task, were developed; the former predicts biomarker expression, while the latter combines tumor segmentation with biomarker prediction to enhance interpretability. Performance evaluation included individual and overall prediction metrics, and Delong’s test was used for performance comparison. The models’ attention regions were visualized using Grad-CAM + + technology.

Results
All patients were randomly split into a training set (n = 240, 62%), a validation set (n = 60, 15%), and a test set (n = 88, 23%). In the individual evaluation of ER, PR, and HER2 expression prediction, the single-task and multi-task models achieved respective AUCs of 0.809 and 0.735 for ER, 0.688 and 0.767 for PR, and 0.626 and 0.697 for HER2, as observed in the test set. In the overall evaluation, the multi-task model demonstrated superior performance in the test set, achieving a higher macro AUC of 0.733, in contrast to 0.708 for the single-task model. The Grad-CAM + + method revealed that the multi-task model exhibited a stronger focus on diseased tissue areas, improving the interpretability of how the model worked.

Conclusion
Both models demonstrated impressive performance, with the multi-task model excelling in accuracy and offering improved interpretability on noninvasive 3DWBUS images using Grad-CAM + + technology.

Critical relevance statement
The multi-task deep learning model exhibits effective prediction for breast cancer biomarkers, offering direct biomarker identification and improved clinical interpretability, potentially boosting the efficiency of targeted drug screening.

Key Points

Tumoral biomarkers are paramount for determining breast cancer treatment.

The multi-task model can improve prediction performance, and improve interpretability in clinical practice.

The 3D whole breast ultrasound system-based deep learning models excelled in predicting breast cancer biomarkers.

Graphical Abstract
Prevalence of normal weight obesity and its cardiometabolic implications among government doctors in Gujarat, India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: M Yogesh , Trivedi Nidhi , Makwana Naresh , Krishna Pagadala Hari Priya PVM , D Kadalarasu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Obesity is rising globally. Normal weight obesity (NWO) and normal weight central obesity (NWCO) despite normal BMI pose added metabolic risks. Limited data on these phenotypes among Indian doctors merits investigation. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of overall obesity, NWO, NWCO, and their associations with cardiometabolic risks among doctors in Gujarat, India.

Methods
It’s a Cross-sectional study among 490 doctors aged 20–60 years at a tertiary hospital. Anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipids were assessed. NWO was defined as a BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 with a high body fat percentage. NWCO as normal BMI and increased waist circumference. Body composition was assessed using an Omron body composition analyzer.

Results
The prevalence of overall obesity was 101 (20%), NWO 239 (48.7%), and NWCO 210 (42.8%). Mean BMI, blood pressure, glucose, and LDL increased from normal weight to NWO/NWCO groups (p < 0.05). NWO and NWCO had significantly higher odds of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and high fasting blood sugar compared to non-obese after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusion
The high burden of overall obesity, NWO, and NWCO among doctors highlights the need for lifestyle interventions to mitigate long-term cardiometabolic disease risk.
Optimum noise mechanism for differentially private queries in discrete finite sets
Authors: Kadam Sachin , Scaglione Anna , Ravi Nikhil , Peisert Sean , Lunghino Brent , Shumavon Aram 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe differential privacy (DP) literature often centers on meeting privacy constraints by introducing noise to the query, typically using a pre-specified parametric distribution model with one or two degrees of freedom. However, this emphasis tends to neglect the crucial considerations of response accuracy and utility, especially in the context of categorical or discrete numerical database queries, where the parameters defining the noise distribution are finite and could be chosen optimally. This paper addresses this gap by introducing a novel framework for designing an optimal noise probability mass function (PMF) tailored to discrete and finite query sets. Our approach considers the modulo summation of random noise as the DP mechanism, aiming to present a tractable solution that not only satisfies privacy constraints but also minimizes query distortion. Unlike existing approaches focused solely on meeting privacy constraints, our framework seeks to optimize the noise distribution under an arbitrary $$(\epsilon , \delta )$$

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constraint, thereby enhancing the accuracy and utility of the response. We demonstrate that the optimal PMF can be obtained through solving a mixed-integer linear program. Additionally, closed-form solutions for the optimal PMF are provided, minimizing the probability of error for two specific cases. Numerical experiments highlight the superior performance of our proposed optimal mechanisms compared to state-of-the-art methods. This paper contributes to the DP literature by presenting a clear and systematic approach to designing noise mechanisms that not only satisfy privacy requirements but also optimize query distortion. The framework introduced here opens avenues for improved privacy-preserving database queries, offering significant enhancements in response accuracy and utility.
Patients’ experience using an app for home remote monitoring of heart failure for a university hospital in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Vo Thi Xuan Hanh , Pomey Marie-Pascale , Charles Loyda Jean , Ribeiro Paula A. B. , Béchard Stéphanie , Rémillard Émilie , Grigoletti Shana , Nguyen John , Lehoux Pascale , Marier-Tétrault Emmanuel , Tournoux Francois 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The use of mobile health apps for remote monitoring has considerable potential for patient care. However, more research is needed to gather patients’ experience with their use. This study evaluates heart failure patients’ experience of the effects of remote monitoring on the management of heart failure (HF) using a smartphone app, the challenges faced in such use, and patients’ suggestions for improving the efficacy of this device.

Method
A qualitative study was conducted with all patients who had used the TakeCare™ app for at least three months during the exploratory phase of the Continuum project. Patients were recruited before COVID-19 began, and they used the app during this period. The app allows patients to submit their daily vital signs and answer questions about their symptoms to help the clinical professionals adjust their treatment plan as needed. Individual interviews were conducted by telephone or videoconference using a semi-structured individual interview guide. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using the thematic analysis method.

Results
Of the 29 patients invited, 5 had since died, 10 did not respond, two gave positive feedback on the app but declined the interview, and 12 patients agreed to participate in an individual interview. The participants all liked the app’s ease of use. They particularly praised the contribution it made to monitoring their disease, both by themselves and by clinicians. The app also allowed them to stay connected to their clinical team and have better access to healthcare professionals. Patients suggested, as an improvement, that the feedback and communication features should be personalized to make them more individualized and interactive.

Conclusion
The TakeCare™ smartphone app was well received by patients with heart failure. Its use could facilitate better remote monitoring of heart conditions in the home as well as improve access to clinical teams.
The Complex Dynamics of Indigenous Education in Mid-Twentieth-Century Ecuador as a Theater for Political Debate
Authors: Becker Marc 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Activists in Ecuador established in the 1940s what have come to be remembered as the country's first Indigenous-run bilingual schools. Or at least this is the image that their founders presented when reflecting back on their achievements years later, and what has become fixed in the minds of subsequent educators. Archival records, however, present a more complicated picture. Rather than as “Indigenous” or “bilingual,” the recently formed Federación Ecuatoriana de Indios (Ecuadorean Federation of Indians) had created them as “syndicate” schools to mobilize against the racial discrimination and economic exploitation that agricultural workers faced on government-owned haciendas. In the process, organizers came into conflict with government policies that mandated the creation of public schools in rural communities and on haciendas. The competing school systems became an arena in which public policy debates were carried out with ramifications that extended to rival notions of how society should be properly organized.
Object, Room, Dwelling: Material Culture and the Indigenous City in the Colonial Andes
Authors: Mangan Jane E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes objects and abodes to further the understanding of lived experience in colonial Andean cities. It builds on existing scholarship on women's dress by analyzing household objects and even domestic structures themselves. Seeking to elaborate on Indigenous and mestiza women's experiences of the colonial city, the article draws primarily on notarial and judicial records for Arequipa, La Plata (today Sucre, Bolivia), and Potosí between the late 1500s and the mid-1600s. The essay opens with a discussion of the topu (Indigenous dress pin), moves to study the entirety of inventories held by specific city dwellers, and, finally, considers the significance of the domestic structure in terms of Indigenous urban experience. Through evidence of material culture and built environment, the article argues, we can gain a deeper understanding of the Indigenous cultural, social, and architectural identity of colonial cities in the face of Spanish presence.
A Problem as Much of Economic Theory as of Statistical Technique? The Walsh-Edgeworth Debate on Index Numbers, 1921–25
Authors: Cruz-e-Silva Victor 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Correa Moylan Walsh (1862–1936) was a monetary economist of the early twentieth century, mostly remembered for his contributions to the theory of index numbers. Francis Ysidro Edgeworth (1845–1926) was a renowned mathematical economist, remembered as one of the great masters of the discipline. Walsh was an adamant defender of a deterministic, test approach to the theory of index numbers, whereas Edgeworth favored probabilistic approaches and thought index-number theorists should not close themselves to alternative methods. Holding contrasting views about the making of index numbers, they engaged in a fierce debate in the first half of the 1920s—a period marked by several quarrels on the subject. The main points in dispute between Walsh and Edgeworth were the existence of an ideal formula for index numbers and the use of probability in the measurement of price variations. The goal of this article is to explore this debate and its underpinnings. It is argued that the main points of contention between them relate to their conflicting perspectives on the nature of index numbers.
Proportional increment of oxygen consumption, heart rate and core body temperature in the digesting Python bivittatus
Authors: Last Katja B. , Malte Hans , Rindom Emil , Guagnoni Igor N. , Wang Tobias 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The Burmese python has a remarkable digestive physiology with large elevations of metabolic rate and heart rate following feeding. Here, we investigated the relationship between heart rate, oxygen consumption and core body temperature during digestion in five pythons (Python bivittatus) by implantation of data loggers. The snakes were placed in respirometers at 30±0.1°C for 26 days and voluntarily ingested three meals of different size, whilst heart rate, core body temperature and oxygen consumption rate were measured continuously. Both oxygen consumption and heart rate increased severalfold during digestion, and metabolic heat production increased core body temperature by 2°C, explaining 12% of the observed tachycardia. The rise in core body temperature means that standard metabolic rate increased during digestion, and we estimate that failure to account for core body temperature leads to a 4% overestimation of the specific dynamic action (SDA) response. Our study reveals a close correlation between oxygen consumption and heart rate during digestion, further supporting the use of heart rate as a proxy for metabolism.
The mitochondrial physiology of torpor in ruby-throated hummingbirds, Archilochus colubris
Authors: Hutchinson Amalie J. , Staples James F. , Gugleilmo Christopher G. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Hummingbirds save energy by facultatively entering torpor, but the physiological mechanisms underlying this metabolic suppression are largely unknown. We compared whole-animal and pectoralis mitochondrial metabolism between torpid and normothermic ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris). When fasting, hummingbirds were exposed to 10°C ambient temperature at night and they entered torpor; average body temperature decreased by nearly 25°C (from ∼37 to ∼13°C) and whole-animal metabolic rate (V̇O2) decreased by 95% compared with normothermia, a much greater metabolic suppression compared with that of mammalian daily heterotherms. We then measured pectoralis mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) fueled by either carbohydrate or fatty acid substrates at both 39°C and 10°C in torpid and normothermic hummingbirds. Aside from a 20% decrease in electron transport system complex I-supported respiration with pyruvate, the capacity for OXPHOS at a common in vivo temperature did not differ in isolated mitochondria between torpor and normothermia. Similarly, the activities of pectoralis pyruvate dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase did not differ between the states. Unlike heterothermic mammals, hummingbirds do not suppress muscle mitochondrial metabolism in torpor by active, temperature-independent mechanisms. Other mechanisms that may underly this impressive whole-animal metabolic suppression include decreasing ATP demand or relying on rapid passive cooling facilitated by the very small body size of A. colubris.
Landmark knowledge overrides optic flow in honeybee waggle dance distance estimation
Authors: Menzel Randolf , Galizia C. Giovanni 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Honeybees encode in their waggle dances the vector (distance and direction) of an outbound flight to a food source or a new nest site. Optic flow has been identified as the major source of information in the distance estimation. Additional components of distance estimation were also identified, e.g. the sequence of experienced landmarks. Here, we address the question of whether bees also use the landscape memory developed during exploratory orientation flights to estimate distance. We took advantage of the fact that flights in a narrow tunnel lead to further distance measures as a result of higher optic flow. We found that this effect was lost when bees had explored the area in which the tunnel was located and when they had somewhat restricted visual access to the surrounding environment through the mesh on top of the tunnel. These data are interpreted in the context of other findings about the structure of navigational memory in bees that develops during exploratory orientation flights. In particular, the data suggest that bees embed distance measures into a representation of navigational space that stores previously experienced landscape features.
Rating of Perceived Exertion in a Typical Isometric Handgrip Training Protocol in Normotensive and Hypertensive Individuals
Authors: Melo Paulo Henrique , Silva Jefferson Maxwell de Farias , Silva Gustavo Oliveira , Rodrigues Sergio Luiz Cahu , Kanegusuku Hélcio , Correia Marilia Almeida , Andrade-Lima Aluísio , Ritti-Dias Raphael Mendes , Farah Breno Quintella 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The typical isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) protocol, consisting of four sets of 2 min each at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing blood pressure for both normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Despite its relatively low intensity, patients frequently report difficulties in executing this protocol. Surprisingly, no prior study has detailed the protocol’s level of exertion. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during a typical IHG protocol in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals.

Methods
In this secondary data analysis, 16 normotensive men (21 ± 2 yr old) and 14 hypertensive individuals (60 ± 7 yr old; 28% men) underwent an IHG session with the typical protocol of 4 × 2-min sets bilaterally (alternating hands) at 30% of their maximal voluntary contraction with a 1-min rest interval. The RPE of the active muscles was evaluated using the OMNI Perceived Exertion Scale for Resistance Exercise every 30 s during the sets.

Results
In normotensive individuals, there was a progressive increase in RPE over time (30–120 s) in all sets (P < 0.001), with the second set resulting in higher RPE than the first set in both hands (P < 0.05). Among hypertensive individuals, there was an increase in RPE only up to 90 s (P < 0.001) in all sets, with no further difference between 90 and 120 s (P > 0.05). In the right hand, but not in the left hand, the RPE of the first set was different from the second set (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
RPE increased within and among sets in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals during IHG.
Imperfect Targeting and Advertising Strategies
Authors: Karle Heiko , Reisinger Markus 
Published: September 2024

The ability to successfully target consumers has been substantially affected by recent developments in digital markets, such as improvements in tracking technologies or General Data Protection Regulation. In this paper, we set up a game theoretic model to examine the implications of such changes in targeting success on firms’ targeting strategies and profits. We explicitly consider that firms can target different consumer groups—that is, high- or low-valuation consumers—and that targeting is imperfect—that is, a firm may not reach the intended consumer. We find that a higher targeting success rate has a nonmonotone effect on firms’ profits—that is, lowering profits if targeting is rather imprecise but raising profits if targeting is relatively accurate. If the probability of successful targeting is low, firms target high-valuation consumers (competition for cherries). More fine-tuned targeting then amplifies competition and decreases profits. Instead, if targeting is sufficiently precise, more fine-tuned targeting increases profits because firms segment the market by targeting different consumer groups. Improvements in the targeting ability also have profound effects on the number of products a firm offers and on the profitability of offering products that appeal not only to a single consumer group. First, although increased targeting success raises the attractiveness of introducing an additional product, it also heats up competition. A firm may therefore optimally reduce the number of products it sells if targeting success increases. Second, if products have a broader appeal, market segmentation is more likely to occur. However, aggregate profits are lower compared with when products are narrow. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Funding: Financial support from the German Research Foundation [DFG Project 462020252] is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03632 .
Role of sleep problem on suicidal behaviour and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Seema , Yadav Dipendra Kumar 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionSleep is a fundamental human requirement, considered one of the major contributing factors to physical and mental health, especially among adolescents. Poor quality sleep has many potential consequences including non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal thoughts or behaviour and complete suicide. The NSSI and suicidal behaviour are increasing in Nepal. Thus, this study aimed to assess the role of sleep problem on suicidal behaviour and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents in Pokhara metropolitan, Nepal.MethodsA cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 673 adolescents using a multistage cluster sampling technique from private and public schools in Pokhara Metropolitan. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Collected data was entered and managed in EpiData (version 3.1) and analysed in IBM SPSS (version 23). Binary logistic regression was used to identify the association of sleep problem with NSSI and suicidal behaviour.ResultsThe study found that sleep problem (65.2%, 439), suicidal behaviour (18.6%, 125) and NSSI (57.9%, 390) were prevalent among adolescents in study setting. The presence of sleep problem significantly influenced the suicidal behavior (AOR = 3.88, 95% CI = 2.27–6.63) alongside the sex of student (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.28–3.00), adolescents from family having monthly income less than NPR 40,000 (AOR = 1.97 95% CI = 1.16–3.35) and private schools students (AOR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.84–4.86). Likewise, sleep problem was also associated with non-suicidal self-injury (AOR = 3.24, 95% CI = 2.26–4.65), in addition to attending private school (AOR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.71–3.72).ConclusionThis study concludes that sleep problem is prevalent among the adolescents and increase the risk of NSSI and suicidal behaviour. Therefore, parents and teachers need to assess their conditions and help them maintain sound sleep. Additionally, suicide prevention strategies need to be adopted to mitigate further risk.