bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid adaptation with gene flow via a reservoir of chromosomal inversion variation?
Authors: He Qixin , Knowles L. Lacey 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe increased recognition of frequent divergence with gene flow has renewed interest in chromosomal inversions as a source for promoting adaptive divergence. Inversions can suppress recombination between heterokaryotypes so that local adapted inversions will be protected from introgression with the migrants. However, we do not have a clear understanding of the conditions for which adaptive divergence is more or less likely to be promoted by inversions when the availability of inversion variation is considered. Standing genetic variation, as opposed to new mutations, could offer a quick way to respond to sudden environmental changes, making it a likely avenue for rapid adaptation. For a scenario of secondary contact between locally-adapted populations, we might intuit that standing inversion variation would predominate over new inversion mutations in maintaining local divergence. Our results show that this is not always the case. Maladaptive gene flow, as both a demographic parameter and the cause for selection that favors locally-adapted inversions, differentiates the dynamics of standing inversion variation from that of segregating point mutations. Counterintuitively, in general, standing inversion variation will be less important to the adaptation than new inversions under the demographic and genetic conditions that are more conducive to adaptive divergence via inversions.
Differences in access to information and communication technologies
Authors: Hardaker Glenn , Sabki Aishah , Qazi Atika , Iqbal Javed 
Published: June 2017

PurposeMost research on information and communication technologies (ICT) differences has been related to gender and ethnicity, and to a lesser extent religious affiliation. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this field of research by situating the discussion in the context of British Muslims and extending current research into ICT differences beyond gender and ethnicity.Design/methodology/approachThis paper explores the ICT differences in access and use by British Muslim teenage girls at Islamic faith schools, and ICTs’ perceived influence on learning. The qualitative research was undertaken by conducting 45 semi-structured interviews with British Muslim teenage girls in Islamic faith schools.FindingsThe study provides tentative findings that Islamic faith schools are not only framed by the wider diverse Muslim community, but also by the supplementary schooling of madrasahs. The findings suggest that the home use of ICTs was reinforced rather than compensated for by the Islamic faith schools. This seemed to inhibit many pupils’ access to online educational resources. The authors found that didactic instruction was prevalent and this provided tentative insights into the types of digital inequity experienced by many pupils.Originality/valueThe research into ICT differences in the UK adopted the premise that the unity in Muslim identity increasingly transcends ethnicity and gender in the Muslim community.
Disability-aware adaptive and personalised learning for students with multiple disabilities
Authors: Nganji Julius T. , Brayshaw Mike 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address how virtual learning environments (VLEs) can be designed to include the needs of learners with multiple disabilities. Specifically, it employs AI to show how specific learning materials from a huge repository of learning materials can be recommended to learners with various disabilities. This is made possible through employing semantic web technology to model the learner and their needs.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reviews personalised learning for students with disabilities, revealing the shortcomings of existing e-learning environments with respect to students with multiple disabilities. It then proceeds to show how the needs of a student with multiple disabilities can be analysed and then simple logical operators and knowledge-based rules used to personalise learning materials in order to meet the needs of such students.

Findings
It has been acknowledged in literature that designing for cases of multiple disabilities is difficult. This paper shows that existing learning environments do not consider the needs of students with multiple disabilities. As they are not flexibly designed and hence not adaptable, they cannot meet the needs of such students. Nevertheless, it is possible to anticipate that students with multiple disabilities would use learning environments, and then design learning environments to meet their needs.

Practical implications
This paper, by presenting various combination rules to present specific learning materials to students with multiple disabilities, lays the foundation for the design and development of learning environments that are inclusive of all learners, regardless of their abilities or disabilities. This could potentially stimulate designers of such systems to produce such inclusive environments. Hopefully, future learning environments will be adaptive enough to meet the needs of learners with multiple disabilities.

Social implications
This paper, by proposing a solution towards developing inclusive learning environments, is a step towards inclusion of students with multiple disabilities in VLEs. When these students are able to access these environments with little or no barrier, they will be included in the learning community and also make valuable contributions.

Originality/value
So far, no study has proposed a solution to the difficulties faced by students with multiple disabilities in existing learning environments. This study is the first to raise this issue and propose a solution to designing for multiple disabilities. This will hopefully encourage other researchers to delve into researching the educational needs of students with multiple disabilities.
A conceptual framework for ecological economics based on systemic principles of life
Authors: Capra Fritjof , Jakobsen Ove Daniel 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to refer to ecological economics using two meanings of the term “ecological”. In the strict scientific sense, ecological economics refers to an economic system that is consistent with and honors the basic principles of ecology, which, ultimately, are identical with what the authors call the systemic principles of life. In a broader sense ecological economics refers to economic theory and practice that see the economy as operating within, rather than dominating, the spheres of nature, society, and culture.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors distill four fundamental principles for ecological economics based on systems theory of life and philosophy of organism. The four principles are; nested systems, self-generating networks, open systems, and cognitive interactions. The authors discuss how these principles can be applied to design an ecological economic system that is life-enhancing on individual, social and ecological levels.

Findings
The authors argue that ecological economics should give priority to activities that maximize well-being of human and non-human beings, as well as entire ecosystems, and that its central purpose should be to serve the life processes in social and ecological systems.

Originality/value
In this paper, the authors connect ecological economics to systems theory and come up with principles relevant for developing economic theory and practice within, rather than dominating, the spheres of nature, society, and culture.
Humanitarian supply chain strategies – a review of how actors mitigate supply chain risks
Authors: Jahre Marianne 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to link humanitarian logistics (HL) and supply chain risk management (SCRM) to provide an understanding of risk mitigation strategies that humanitarian organisations use, or could use, to improve their logistics preparedness.Design/methodology/approachBased on systematic reviews of RMS in SCRM and supply chain strategies (SCS) in HL literature, a framework is developed and used to review published case studies in HL.FindingsThe study finds that humanitarian actors use a number of the strategies proposed in the framework, particularly those related to strategic stocks, postponement, and collaboration. Strategies related to sourcing and procurement, however, especially those on supplier relationships, seem to be lacking in both research and practice.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is based on secondary data and could be further developed through case studies based on primary data. Future studies should explore the generalisability of the findings.Practical implicationsPractitioners can use the framework to identify potential new SCS and how strategies can be combined. Findings can help them to understand the abnormal risks of main concern, how they may impact normal risks, and provide ideas on how to tackle trade-offs between different risks.Social implicationsThe results can support improvements in humanitarian supply chains, which will provide affected people with rapid, cost-efficient, and better-adapted responses.Originality/valueThe paper connects SCRM and HL to develop a framework and suggests propositions on how humanitarian actors can mitigate supply chain risks. Questioning the focus on strategic stock it suggests complementary or alternative strategies for improving logistics preparedness.
Diagramming development for a base camp and staging area in a humanitarian logistics base airport
Authors: Choi Sunkyung , Hanaoka Shinya 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for diagramming a base camp or space for emergency workers and a staging area to be used during sorting, storing, loading, and unloading of relief goods in a humanitarian logistics base airport.

Design/methodology/approach
A method is developed based on a synthesis of the relevant literature and current practices of airports. This provides a means for estimating the area required for each facility and visualizes the layout of the base through an adjacency diagram and a bubble diagram. The method is applied to the Shizuoka Airport in Japan as a case study.

Findings
The proposed method can be used to determine the approximate size and layout of a humanitarian logistics base in an airport based on the affected population and the number of emergency workers.

Research limitations/implications
Airport operation regulations and mathematical models from architectural planning need to be reflected further.

Practical implications
The method provides potential operational improvements for policies and standards for airport operations and enables government officials and humanitarian logistics organizations to identify concerns in facilitating and managing constraints in existing airports.

Originality/value
This study addresses the detailed phases in a diagramming for a humanitarian logistics base airport by integrating an architectural approach and airport disaster management. The results highlight the importance of managing the flexible use of space to improve effective humanitarian logistics.
“Supersize me!” The effects of cognitive effort and goal frame on the persuasiveness of upsell offers
Authors: Heidig Wibke , Wentzel Daniel , Tomczak Torsten , Wiecek Annika , Faltl Martin 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
In many industries, customers are offered the opportunity to revise their initial decision in return for a superior but more expensive service option, a selling technique that is typically referred to as upselling. Drawing on the research on customers’ service experience, cognitive effort, decision justification, and goal framing, the purpose of this paper is to conceptualize upselling as a two-stage decision process where the process of making the first decision (i.e. deciding on an initial service option) affects the final decision (i.e. the decision for or against the upsell offer).

Design/methodology/approach
First, qualitative interviews were conducted both with customers as well as managers. Moreover, in two experimental studies, different scenarios depicted an upsell situation that is common in many service encounters. After choosing a hotel room or rental car for reservation, participants were confronted with differently framed arguments to induce a shift toward an enhanced but more costly version of the initially chosen service option.

Findings
The qualitative interviews reveal that upselling is a common practice in many companies and that the manner in which the upsell is communicated has a considerable influence on its effectiveness. The first experimental study finds that the cognitive effort that customers expend in the initial choice moderates the effect of upsell messages using different goal frames. The second experimental study shows that customers are only affected by different goal frames when they feel responsible for the outcome of the final decision.

Practical implications
The findings provide a number of useful guidelines for designing upselling strategies and may also be used to segment a firm’s customer base. On a more general level, this research also raises managers’ awareness of the sequential nature of upselling decisions and the customer’s intrinsic need to justify an upsell choice.

Originality/value
The studies contribute to the literature on customers’ service experience and upselling strategies. Upselling is conceptualized as a two-stage process in which customers’ experience in one phase influences their behavior in later stages. The underlying psychological mechanisms of this effect are also highlighted by referring to customers’ need to justify service choices to themselves.
Do informal institutions affect entrepreneurial intentions?
Authors: Ostapenko Nataliia 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to empirically define the ways in which informal institutions influence entrepreneurial intentions. It tests the statement that informal institutions can have an impact on people’s decisions, directly and indirectly, by affecting their perceptions of the external world.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper develops a theoretical model of the probability of starting a business by a potential entrepreneur. The model takes into account a comparison of current wages and future profits. The empirical analysis is based on European social survey data at the individual level. Three-stage least squares regression helps to overcome the endogeneity problem since perceptions of government actions are individual specific.

Findings
Informal institutions can affect expectations about future activities in a person’s lifetime utility maximisation problem. The paper empirically concludes that these institutions are connected with a person’s satisfaction with government and can indirectly affect the probability to be self-employed.

Research limitations/implications
Research limitations are related to employing proxies for informal institutions, using only the “satisfaction with government” as a perceptions indicator, and cross-sectional data while defining the causal effect.

Practical implications
Policymakers should consider that institutional settings affect people in a different manner when developing their policies.

Originality/value
The paper makes a novel contribution by analysing the effect of informal institutions on the probability to start a business by using both theoretical arguments and empirical tests. Building upon insights from a broader informal institutions’ effect on entrepreneurial intentions, this paper is the first to study a linkage between informal institutions and their indirect effect on people’s profit expectations.
Tree‐to‐tree competition in mixed European beech–Scots pine forests has different impacts on growth and water‐use efficiency depending on site conditions
Authors: González de Andrés Ester , Camarero J. Julio , Blanco Juan A. , Imbert J. Bosco , Lo Yueh‐Hsin , Sangüesa‐Barreda Gabriel , Castillo Federico J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMixed conifer–hardwood forests can be more productive than pure forests and they are increasingly considered as ecosystems that could provide adaptation strategies in the face of global change. However, the combined effects of tree‐to‐tree competition, rising atmosphericCO2concentrations and climate on such mixtures remain poorly characterized and understood.To fill this research gap, we reconstructed 34‐year series (1980–2013) of growth (basal area increment,BAI) and intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.)–European beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) mixed stands at two climatically contrasting sites located in the southwestern Pyrenees. We also gathered data on tree‐to‐tree competition and climate variables in order to test the hypotheses that (1) radial growth will be greater when exposed to inter‐ than to intraspecific competition, that is, when species complementarity occurs and (2) enhancediWUEcould be linked to improved stem radial growth.Growth of both species was reduced when intraspecific competition increased. Species complementarity was linked to improved growth of Scots pine at the continental site, while competition overrode any complementarity advantage at the drought‐prone Mediterranean site. Beech growth did not show any significant response to pine admixture likely due to shade tolerance and the highly competitive nature of this species. Increasing interspecific competition drove recentiWUEchanges, which increased in Scots pine but decreased in European beech. TheiWUEenhancement did not involve any growth improvement in Scots pine. However, the positiveBAI‐iWUErelationship found for beech suggests an enhanced beech growth in drought‐prone sites due to improved water use.Synthesis. Complementarity may enhance growth in mixed forests. However, water scarcity can constrict light‐related complementarity for shade intolerant species (Scots pine) in drought‐prone sites. Basal area increment–intrinsic water‐use efficiency relationships were negative for Scots pine and positive for European beech. These contrasting behaviours have got implications for coping with the expected increasing drought events in Scots pine–European beech mixtures located near the ecological limit of the two species. Complementarity effects between tree species should be considered to avoid overestimating the degree of future carbon uptake by mixed conifer–broadleaf forests.
Early vocabulary development in children with bilateral cochlear implants
Authors: Välimaa Taina , Kunnari Sari , Laukkanen‐Nevala Päivi , Lonka Eila ,   the National Clinical Research Team
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundChildren with unilateral cochlear implants (CIs) may have delayed vocabulary development for an extended period after implantation. Bilateral cochlear implantation is reported to be associated with improved sound localization and enhanced speech perception in noise. This study proposed that bilateral implantation might also promote early vocabulary development. Knowledge regarding vocabulary growth and composition in children with bilateral CIs and factors associated with it may lead to improvements in the content of early speech and language intervention and family counselling.AimsTo analyse the growth of early vocabulary and its composition during the first year after CI activation and to investigate factors associated with vocabulary growth.Methods & ProceduresThe participants were 20 children with bilateral CIs (12 boys; eight girls; mean age at CI activation = 12.9 months). Vocabulary size was assessed with the Finnish version of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) Infant Form and compared with normative data. Vocabulary composition was analysed in relation to vocabulary size. Growth curve modelling was implemented using a linear mixed model to analyse the effects of the following variables on early vocabulary growth: time, gender, maternal education, residual hearing with hearing aids, age at first hearing aid fitting and age at CI activation.Outcomes & ResultsDespite clear vocabulary growth over time, children with bilateral CIs lagged behind their age norms in receptive vocabulary during the first 12 months after CI activation. In expressive vocabulary, 35% of the children were able to catch up with their age norms, but 55% of the children lagged behind them. In receptive and expressive vocabularies of 1–20 words, analysis of different semantic categories indicated that social terms constituted the highest proportion. Nouns constituted the highest proportion in vocabularies of 101–400 words. The proportion of verbs remained below 20% and the proportion of function words and adjectives remained below 10% in the vocabularies of 1–400 words. There was a significant main effect of time, gender, maternal education and residual hearing with hearing aids before implantation on early receptive vocabulary growth. Time and residual hearing with hearing aids had a significant main effect also on expressive vocabulary growth.Conclusions & ImplicationsVocabulary development of children with bilateral CIs may be delayed. Thus, early vocabulary development needs to be assessed carefully in order to provide children and families with timely and targeted early intervention for vocabulary acquisition.
Plugging the patient evidence gap: what patients with swallowing disorders post‐stroke say about thickened liquids*
Authors: McCurtin Arlene , Healy Chiara , Kelly Linda , Murphy Fiona , Ryan Jean , Walsh Joanne 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundOropharyngeal dysphagia post‐stroke is well known, with its presence increasing the risk of poor outcomes in particular aspiration and aspiration pneumonia. Management to minimize the risk of aspiration and improve swallow safety post‐stroke includes the treatment of thickened liquids (TL), an established bolus modification intervention. Despite widespread use, there is a lack of robust empirical evidence and minimal patient evidence as to the experience and acceptability of using thickeners by people who experience dysphagia after a stroke.AimsTo explore people with swallowing disorders post‐stroke experiences of and acceptability regarding the bolus modification treatment of thickened liquids.Methods & ProceduresA qualitative, descriptive study exploring the experiences of individuals given TL after their stroke. A purposive sample of 14 adults was obtained with data collection and generation through the medium of individual semi‐structured interviews. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Outcomes & ResultsThree overarching themes of ‘uncertainty’, ‘an unpleasant experience’ and ‘a trade‐off’ were identified. These themes highlight that participants disliked TL and this dislike may have impacted clinically in terms of adherence, hydration and quality of life. Lack of sensory appeal was important in framing patient dislike. Participants’ involvement in and understanding of reasons for prescription of TL was poor leading to uncertainty regarding the treatment. Notwithstanding, some participants felt it was necessary for their stroke recovery.Conclusions & ImplicationsTL can be considered a burdensome treatment from multiple perspectives including product palatability, treatment uncertainty and treatment adherence issues. Despite intensely disliking this treatment, some patients ultimately understand why the treatment is prescribed. Improvements in product palatability are required in order to improve adherence and patient quality of life. Consideration of other treatment options and newer products to manage aspiration post‐stroke is also warranted.