bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet, Smoking and Family History as Potential Risk Factors in Acne Vulgaris – a Community-Based Study
Authors: Al Hussein Stela Mariana , Al Hussein Hussam , Vari Camil Eugen , Todoran Nicoleta , Al Hussein Hamida , Ciurba Adriana , Dogaru Maria Titica 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of practices and attitudes towards lifestyle in adolescence as risk or protective factors, for both the acne occurrence and lesions’ severity.

Methods. A cross-sectional study based on a self-reported questionnaire was conducted during 4 months on 148 high school students, aged 16-20 years, in a high school community of Tîrgu Mureș. Acne prevalence and severity, demographic and anthropometric characteristics, the family history of acne vulgaris, smoking behavior and the weekly intake of certain food categories supposed to increase the risk of acne vulgaris were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed in terms of Odds ratio, Confidence Interval and Chi-square (p<0.05) methods.

Results. In the investigated community, acne prevalence was found of 47.30%, while 78 subjects (control group) had no facial acne lesions. In acne group: 57.1% had family history of acne, 62.9% were smokers, 22.9% were overweight or obese and 84.3% did not receive any dietary information from specialists. 41.4% were not fish consumers, while 74.3% rarely or never were eating fruits and vegetables. Statistically significant differences between the two analyzed groups were found in terms of sweets, carbonated drinks, dietary fat, white bread, fish, fruits and vegetables weekly intake.

Conclusions. Family history, smoking behavior, excessive dietary fat, sweets, carbonated drinks and white bread could be considered as risk factors in acne vulgaris. An increased weekly intake of fish, vegetables and fruits, may have a protective effect in acne development or severity.
Role of transurethral resection of the prostate in the management of prostate cancer
Authors: Szollosi Attila , Martha Orsolya , Denes Lorand , Vida Arpad Oliver , Maier Adrian , Pavai Zoltan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in men, after lung cancer. The gold standard procedure in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis is the ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) used in solving the bladder outlet obstruction, can have a role in detection of PCa. The aim of this retrospective study is to examine the role of transurethral resection of the prostate in the diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer.

Materials and methods: At the Urology Clinic of Targu Mures we performed a total of 474 TURP over a two year period (2011-2013). The patients had a mean age of 71.857 years, and the indications were PCa with bladder outlet obstruction or bladder outlet obstruction with unknown causes but some with suspicion of PCa.

Results: In case of 474 patients with TURP performed for bladder outlet obstruction, the histopathology findings were the following: 61 cases with newly diagnosed PCa, some in spite of normal PSA values, 23 cases with already hormone treated prostate cancer, while in 50 cases TURP was preceded by prostate biopsy (in 8 cases with increased PSA and several negative biopsies, we could confirm PCa of the peripheral zone of the prostate).

Conclusion: TURP remains the elective surgical therapy of the bladder outlet obstruction, caused by BPH and even prostate cancer. Obtaining a greater volume of prostate tissue can help in the detection of prostate cancer in its early stages, especially in the transitional zone.
Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic properties of asymmetric schiff bases derived from 2,3-diaminopyridine
Authors: Pazik Agnieszka , Kamińska Beata , Skwierawska Anna , Ponikiewski Łukasz 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTwo Schiff base derivatives, 4-(2-amino-3-pyridyliminomethyl)phenol (
Preparation of corn stalk-based adsorbents and their specific application in metal ions adsorption
Authors: Wang Ya-Ting , Chen Hou , Wang Dong-Ju , Bai Liang-Jiu , Xu Hui , Wang Wen-Xiang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCorn stalk-based adsorbents modified from corn stalk were prepared by Cu(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Cu(0)-mediated RDRP). They were applied to remove metal ions and they exhibited good adsorption capacity, especially for Hg(II). Adsorption properties of corn stalk can be enhanced by introducing cyano, amino, amidoxime, and carboxyl groups onto its surface, which results in efficient adsorbents for different metal ions. TGA, SEM, EA, and FTIR analyses were employed to characterize the structures of corn stalk-
Treatment of metal-plating waste water by modified direct contact membrane distillation
Authors: Zoungrana Ali , Çakmakci Mehmet , Zengin İsmail Hakkı , İnoğlu Özlem , Elcik Harun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this study, the treatability of metal-plating waste water by modified direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) at different temperature differences (∆
Estimating Effects with Rare Outcomes and High Dimensional Covariates: Knowledge is Power
Authors: Balzer Laura , Ahern Jennifer , Galea Sandro , van der Laan Mark 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Many of the secondary outcomes in observational studies and randomized trials are rare. Methods for estimating causal effects and associations with rare outcomes, however, are limited, and this represents a missed opportunity for investigation. In this article, we construct a new targeted minimum loss-based estimator (TMLE) for the effect or association of an exposure on a rare outcome. We focus on the causal risk difference and statistical models incorporating bounds on the conditional mean of the outcome, given the exposure and measured confounders. By construction, the proposed estimator constrains the predicted outcomes to respect this model knowledge. Theoretically, this bounding provides stability and power to estimate the exposure effect. In finite sample simulations, the proposed estimator performed as well, if not better, than alternative estimators, including a propensity score matching estimator, inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) estimator, augmented-IPTW and the standard TMLE algorithm. The new estimator yielded consistent estimates if either the conditional mean outcome or the propensity score was consistently estimated. As a substitution estimator, TMLE guaranteed the point estimates were within the parameter range. We applied the estimator to investigate the association between permissive neighborhood drunkenness norms and alcohol use disorder. Our results highlight the potential for double robust, semiparametric efficient estimation with rare events and high dimensional covariates.
Nurturing moral competence in university students via a credit-bearing subject
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Ho Wynants 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMoral competence is an important dimension in healthy adolescent development and effective leadership. In this paper, a lecture attempting to nurture the moral competence of university students in Hong Kong is described. There are several parts to this lecture. In the first part, moral dilemmas in real life and hypothetical situations are introduced. Second, conceptual frameworks on moral judgment are outlined. In the third part, the relationship between morality and leadership is addressed. In the next part, strategies to promote moral development are discussed. Finally, conclusions and reflections by the students are carried out. In the lecture, students are invited to have personal reflections on their moral competence and integrity in relation to their real life context.
The meaning of interprofessional education and collaborative practice for the academisation of health professions / Die Relevanz Interprofessioneller Lern- und Arbeitsprozesse im Kontext der Akademisierung der Gesundheitsberufe
Authors: Ursula Walkenhorst 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe academization of health professions is a complex process, whose progress is denoted by the parallelism of different processes. These include for example the setup of scientific disciplines as well as the development of higher education concepts. Meanwhile, entering interprofessional teaching and work processes is demanded. This requirement is a chance and often a concern of specialist development. In this article, interprofessionalism is defined as a social construct and distinct object of research that is a crucial requirement for the academisation of health professions. The engagement with other professions and disciplines as outlined with exemplary processes is relevant for the development of specialist profiles and should be supported.
Basque National Football Team as a Political Tool. One Hundred Years Old Project and Its Changes (1915–2014)
Authors: Zákravský Jiří 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The goal of my article is to analyze football in Basque Country, or better to say Basque national football representation, as a political tool since its inception. I decided to focus on this specific region because football, and Basque national team as well, has a long history and plays an important role in the whole Spanish society. Football in Spain is a political issue because of the multi-national composition of the state where we observe strong separatist or secessionist demands. In my opinion, Basque national team has never been “only” a football selection. Euskal Selekzioa is a well-known Basque nationalist speaker because of the way how it represents Basque nation. It uses one of the most popular things all round the world, kicking the ball. This article is divided into four main parts. In the first chapter, I deal with the birth of Basque national movement and with the discovery of the game of football in Spain. The second chapter is dedicated to the Spanish Civil War when the world-famous Basque national football team existed. Another part observes the Basque nationalism in the context of football, not only in Franco’s time but during the years of the transition to democracy. I finish my article with a contemplation of the officialization of Basque national football team.
Black American female Olympic Athletes have not reaped the same social standing and economic benefits that their counterparts have since the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City
Authors: Waller Steven N. , Norwood Dawn M. , Spearman LeQuez , Polite Fritz G. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper presents an abbreviated version of an ‘elite’ interview conducted with Madeline Manning-Mims. The 1968 Olympic protest was a pivotal moment in Olympic and American sports history. At the forefront of the protest was the pre-eminent sport sociologist Dr. Harry Edwards. Edwards’ leadership catalyzed the African American boycott of the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, however, Black female athletes were either silenced or recused themselves from the protest. A series of semi-structured, retrospective interview questions were posed to Manning-Mims to gather her perspectives on the progress that Black American, women Olympic athletes have made in the USA from 1968 to present. Analysis of the ‘expert’ interview with Mims indicated that: 1) the social conditions in the United States that have plagued Black female athletes in 1968 had changed for the better; 2) on the whole Black U.S. athletes in the second millennium have become “commoditized” after the Olympics and gain substantially from their celebrity; and 3) Black female athletes can become enslaved to the economics of their celebrity if they are not careful.
Ad-hoc-Verfahren und Falsifikationismus im Forschungsprozeß / Ad-hoc-Strategies and Falsificationism in the Process of Scientific Research
Authors: Schmid Michael 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Einführung von Ad-hoc-Verfahren zur Rettung von angegriffenen Theorien erfreut sich im allgemeinen keiner Beliebtheit. Es wird aber gezeigt, daß im Lichte der Einsicht, daß endgültige Widerlegungen allgemeiner Theorien ebensowenig möglich sind wie deren Bestätigung, manche Ad-hoc-Strategien dem Fortschritt an Erkenntnis durchaus dienlich sind, während andere durch die syntaktische Struktur der Aussagen, mit deren Hilfe sie eingeführt werden, einer Überprüfung nicht fähig sind, sodaß sich hierbei eine kritische Haltung anbietet.
Selbst-Thematisierungen des Gesellschaftssystems / Self-Thematizations of the Societal System
Authors: Luhmann Niklas 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The concept of reflection, as developed in a philosophy of consciousness, is in this paper transferred from its sphere of origin, and employed under the label of ‚self-thematization’, as an instrument for social theory. Self-thematization is defined as the construction, with recourse to an environmental context, of a meaningful, reflexive relationship of a system to itself. For this kind of relationship, there can be found, with regard to societal systems, historical illustrations within the traditions of the political and the economic conception of Society. Starting from such examples, connexions may be traced between different types of self- thematization, viz., the autonomous reification of subsystems, the prevailing notions of the world, the level of differentiation attained, and the dominant conviction as to the place of the society on the scale of societal evolution. The main problem confronting today’s world society is that of the contribution the scientific system may make toward societal reflection as a whole.
Reflections on Structural Differentiation / Überlegungen zur strukturellen Differenzierung
Authors: Rüschemeyer Dietrich 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Theorie der Arbeitsteilung und allgemeiner der strukturellen Differenzierung wird kritisch untersucht. Im Mittelpunkt der Kritik steht die These, daß Produktivitätsvorteile nicht nur eine notwendige Folge von Differenzierungsprozessen, sondern auch - über bestimmte “feed-back”-Mechanismen - ihre indirekte Ursache sind. Die inhaltliche Unbestimmtheit eines abstrakten Effizienzbegriffs, Möglichkeiten, diese begriffliche Unbestimmtheit zu neutralisieren, Konsequenzen struktureller Differenzierung für die soziale Schichtung, der Einfluß von Machtkonstellationen auf ihre Entwicklung, Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Formen und „Ebenen“ struktureller Differenzierung nach Ursache und Wirkung und die Notwendigkeit, Prozeßanalysen von Differenzierung mehr Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken, bilden die Hauptpunkte der Argumentation.
VIII. Weltkongreß für Soziologie – Synkopen und Zwischen töne / VIIIth World Congress of Sociology - Sociology in Transition
Authors: Lipp Wolfgang 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Since at Varna, Bulgaria, the Vllth World Congress of Sociology had taken place, developments have set in in the discipline the final direction of which is difficult to be diagnosed. Newly closed at Toronto, Canada, the VHIth World Congress seems to suggest that contemporary sociology passes an intermediate phase. The present report reflects on the relations, given between american or west- and easteuropean as well as the „Third World’s“ sociology, accentuates the role and implications of the new „critical” sociology now firmly represented in the ISA, and outlines opening dimensions of sociological research programs.
Controversies in science: Remarks on the different modes of production of knowledge and their use / Wissenschaftliche Kontroversen: Über verschiedene Arten von Wissenserzeugung und Wissensgebrauch
Authors: Nowotny Helga 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
In der Wissenschaftssoziologie haben bisher Probleme der Konsensfindung vergleichsweise starke Beachtung erfahren, während selten danach gefragt wurde, warum wissenschaftliche Differenzen weiterhin bestehen. Eine Untersuchung wissenschaftlicher Kontroversen könnte zur Beantwortung dieser Frage beitragen. Kontroversen entstehen nicht nur, wenn kognitive Differenzen bestehen, sondern vor allem, wenn diese Differenzen unterschiedliche Auswirkungen haben. Dies geschieht dann, so lautet die vertretene Hypothese, wenn immer die Art der kognitiven Beziehung zu anderen kognitiven Strukturen - und daher auch der Gebrauch des Wissens - ein anderer ist. Diese Hypothese wird durch Beispiele aus der kognitiven Anthropologie und der Wissenschaftsgeschichte illustriert. Schließlich wird noch das Phänomen der „Nicht-Kontroversen“ erörtert, worunter jene Fälle verstanden werden, in denen kognitive Differenzen zwar bestehen, aber nicht - oder noch nicht - aktiviert wurden. Aus dieser Interpretation der verschiedenen Arten von Wissenserzeugung und Wissensgebrauch lassen sich eine Reihe von Schlußfolgerungen für die sogenannte Wissensakkumulation und für Engpaßsituationen in der Wissenschaftsentwicklung ableiten.
Zur Formalisierung gruppendynamischer Konzepte / Inquiries in formalizing group-dynamic concepts
Authors: Meile Bruno 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The author tries to establish a formal-descriptive model for group-dynamic concepts in related logical terms and set theory. Cybernetics form the basic frame of reference. Herewith some fundamental principles such as ‘group’, ‘group structure’ and ‘change of group structure’ are defined exactly. - The consequences for empirical group research are shown by some examples: (1) a possible way out of the ‘methodological dilemma’ in sociometry,(2) a design for empirical description of the changes in group structure, (3) the formalization of a group-dynamic theorem, whereby groups of friends form according to the principle of individuals who share the same attributes. (4) The reshaping of the theorem allows the deduction of exact terminological hypotheses. New hypotheses, concerning the stability of group structure, can be gained through consideration of the cybernetic implications.
Die kulturelle Übertragungstheorie als Erklärungsmodell der Insassensubkultur im Strafvollzug / The cultural drift theory as a causal model of inmate subcultures
Authors: Klingemann Harald 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In recent discussions about the causes of inmate subcultures, the widely accepted structural functional approach, mainly characterized by the deprivation model, has met with increasing criticism.
The cultural drift theory claims to critically broaden this theoretical basis of prison sociology. The thesis to be examined, based on GOULDNER’s concept of the latent social role, is concerned with determining to which extent the factors of social background, compared with the institutional conditions themselves, have a significant impact on the existence and specific structure of inmate subcultures. This literature report reviews the development and empirical testing of a controversy which has so far remained relatively unknown in Germany and points out its practical consequences, thereby providing a critical supplement to HARBORDT’s presentation of prison sociology.
Staatliche Sozialpolitik und Staatstheorie / Social policy and the theory of the state
Authors: Krüger Jürgen 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This article is a critical appraisal of the actual discussion of the role and function of social policy and social administration in Germany (FRG).
Recent theoretical approaches, e. g. ‘the theory of the state’, are reviewed, and the ‘one-dimensionality’ of their categories with respect to evaluation of governmental activities in the field of social policy from a total systems point of view is criticized. The author argues in favour of an extended approach which should try to make use of the concept of ‘needs’ in order to reintroduce into the analysis the dimension of the personal system, to avoid the shortcomings criticized in the total system analysis.
In so doing the characteristics of social policy and social administration in capitalistic societies, their dialectic quality, will become obvious; i. e. these policies have consequences, not only for the system in general, but also for the personal system (system of need-disposition).
He propeses the application of the concept of social inequality for a systematic approach to social policy and social administration, to come to grips with their prerequisites, scope, and limitations.
Zur Analyse des Urteilsprozesses bei der Personenbeschreibung / Judging processes in describing persons — A social psychological analysis
Authors: Lilli Waldemar , Grabicke Klaus 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Analyzed has been the judging process in describing persons by traits. It could be distinguished between two components, the decisional and the evaluative one. As was clarified, decisions, i. e. denominations of traits just fitting, play a more important role than do evaluations, i. e. specifications of these traits’ intensity.
Interpenetration – Zum Verhältnis personaler und sozialer Systeme / Interpenetration – On the relation between personal and social systems
Authors: Luhmann Niklas 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The history of ideas has changed its conception of the relation between individuals and society several times. The Aristotelian tradition formulated it as a relation between individuals (friendship) using the concepts of selfreference and alter ego. PARSONS sees the relation as a relation between subsystems within the framework of an encompassing action system using the concept of interpenetration, not of individuals but of the personal and the social system. It is proposed to change this conception again. Interpenetration can be characterized as a relation between system and environment in which environmental systems contribute their own capacity for variation to stabilize the patterns of another system on a higher level. This conception has its roots in the early anthropology of the bourgeoise revolution (1650-1750). It can be used to elaborate on problems of socialization and of rationality within the framework of theories with multiple system references.
Zur Lage der Soziologie. Sociology in Finland. Notes on Main Traditions in Sociology and on Some of their Exponents with an Emphasis on the Period since 1945 / Soziologie in Finnland
Authors: Leimu Heikki 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die finnische Soziologie kann durch ihre Haupttraditionen - sozialanthropologische und ethnologische Forschung etwa seit 1890, konkrete, sozialstatistische, sozialhistorische, positivistische Forschung und Forschung auf der Grundlage des Historischen Materialismus - und durch ihre Aufteilung auf drei akademische Fächer - Allgemeine Soziologie, Sozialpsychologie und Sozialpolitik gekennzeichnet werden. In dieser Darstellung werden beide Aspekte berücksichtigt. Trotz des Risikos, damit das Bild ein wenig zu verfälschen, wird der personenzentrierte Ansatz der jüngst veröffentlichten Geschichte der finnischen Soziologie (ALAPURO et al. 1973) benutzt. Der gegenwärtige Stand der Soziologie in Finnland und die Forschungsorientierung einiger der zahlreichen, aber kleinen Lehr- und Forschungsinstitute werden diskutiert.
Intersubjektive Sinnkonstitution und Sozialstruktur Zur Kritik handlungstheoretischer Ansätze der Soziologie / The constitution of meaning by subjects and the social structure On the critique of action-concepts in sociology
Authors: Berger Johannes 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In contrast to the usual attempts to attach the difference between an action-theoretical sociology and MARX’s theory on divergent themes and interests, this paper is searching for the decisive distinction of both approaches in the way of concept formation. Here the important question is if and where the perception of actors is entering the concepts of sociology. The diverse answer to this question leads to two concepts of social structure : to normatively supported action pattern on the one hand, to a mode of production on the other.
Finally, the formation of a sociological basic term, orientated on the idea of modes of production, is shown by the example of the class concept.