bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy activation is required for myofibroblast differentiation during healing of oral mucosa
Authors: Vescarelli Enrica , Pilloni Andrea , Dominici Francesco , Pontecorvi Paola , Angeloni Antonio , Polimeni Antonella , Ceccarelli Simona , Marchese Cinzia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimIt is known that periodontal tissues heal faster that skin, and gingiva in particular heal without scar formation. The mechanisms regulating this behaviour are still unclear. The aim of our work was to compare wound healing in oral mucosa and gingiva, investigating the role of α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA)‐expressing myofibroblasts and autophagy.Materials and MethodsBiopsies were obtained from seven patients immediately before and 24 hr after vertical releasing incision in oral mucosa and attached gingiva. Both whole biopsies and primary cultures of fibroblasts derived from the same tissues were subjected to immunofluorescence, Western blot and quantitative real‐time PCR analyses.ResultsWe demonstrated that in oral mucosa, characterized by partially fibrotic outcome during repair, the activation of autophagy determined an increase in αSMA and collagen 1a1 production. Conversely, wound healing did not stimulate autophagy in attached gingiva, and subsequently, no increase in myofibroblast differentiation and collagen deposition could be seen, thus justifying its scarless outcome.ConclusionsThe elucidation of the differential regulation of autophagy in periodontal tissues and its correlation with myofibroblast differentiation and fibrotic outcome could allow the identification of new molecules involved in periodontal healing and the development of new surgical approaches for periodontal treatment that could improve the outcome of postoperative wounds.
ARE SHOAL RESERVOIRS DISCRETE BODIES? A COQUINA SHOAL OUTCROP ANALOGUE FROM THE MID TRIASSIC UPPER MUSCHELKALK, SW GERMANY
Authors: Petrovic A. , Aigner T. 
Published: June 2017

Carbonate ramp reservoirs may show a much higher degree of complexity than the schematic and often layer‐cake type depositional models which are widely used in exploration and reservoir characterisation, especially in three dimensions. This complexity was investigated in an outcrop study of the Ladinian (Middle Triassic) Quaderkalk Formation (Upper Muschelkalk) from SW Germany. The formation was deposited on an epicontinental, gently inclined carbonate ramp in the regressive part of a third‐order depositional sequence and represents a sub‐seismic‐scale coquina‐dominated shoal reservoir analogue. In the study area, coquina carbonates make up a complex system of four stratigraphically separated shoal complexes. The present paper investigates the 1‐D to 3‐D facies distribution, reservoir architecture and sequence stratigraphic evolution of the largest shoal complex of the Quaderkalk Formation, the Oberer Hauptquader. The object of this outcrop analogue study was to improve the understanding of internal reservoir heterogeneities (such as connectivity and continuity) in similar carbonate shoal complexes in the subsurface. To that end, detailed analyses of 71 quarry outcrop and core samples were carried out, together with the study of more than 400 thin sections, the 2‐D analysis of three quarry wall panels and regional‐scale 2‐D correlations, and facies mapping.This investigation documents significant sedimentological heterogeneities at different scales within the studied shoal reservoir analogue. Instead of a continuous facies belt, a number of separate potential reservoirs form a shoal complex “mosaic”. Shoal development is controlled by sequence stratigraphic architecture, mainly by cycles which were responsible for shoal expansion during times of regression (forming potential reservoir‐volume) and shoal drowning during times of transgression (forming seals and potential stratigraphic traps). Within the individual shoal complexes, thickness and lithofacies types show gradational lateral changes. Correspondingly, lithofacies associations within the studied shoal analogue are not defined by sharp boundaries. Thus the present “shoals” do not in fact represent discrete “bodies”, as often depicted in reservoir models and as commonly used in reservoir simulation. In addition, shoal‐internal sedimentological heterogeneities (potential flow baffles in the subsurface) are strongly influenced by a combination of small‐scale cyclicity and event‐type deposition. This study therefore demonstrates the need for sedimentological studies of reservoir heterogeneities at various scales in order to decrease uncertainties and risks in exploration and production.
Oral application of a periodontal pathogen impacts SerpinE1 expression and pancreatic islet architecture in prediabetes
Authors: Ilievski V. , Bhat U. G. , Suleiman‐Ata S. , Bauer B. A. , Toth P. T. , Olson S. T. , Unterman T. G. , Watanabe K. 
Published: June 2017

Background and ObjectivesEpidemiological studies suggest a close association between periodontitis and prediabetes/insulin resistance (IR) but whether periodontitis causes prediabetes in humans is not known. Using various animal models, we have recently established that periodontitis can be an initiator of prediabetes, which is characterized by glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia and IR. In addition, our in vitro studies indicated that Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) induced insulin secretion in MIN6 β cells and this induction was in part SerpinE1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, PAI1) dependent. However, the mechanism(s) by which periodontitis induces prediabetes is not known. As α and β cells in pancreatic islets are the major modulators of glucose levels, we investigated whether experimental periodontitis by oral application of a periodontal pathogen caused molecular and/or cellular alterations in pancreatic islets and whether SerpinE1 was involved in this process.Material and MethodsWe induced periodontitis in C57BL/6 mice by oral application of a periodontal pathogen, Pg, and determined changes that occurred in islets following 22 weeks of Pg application. Pancreatic islet architecture was determined by 2‐D and 3‐D immunofluorescence microscopy and SerpinE1 and its target, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), as well as insulin, glucagon and Pg/gingipain in islets were detected by immunofluorescence. The presence of apoptotic islet cells was determined by both histochemical and immunofluorescence TUNEL assays. To investigate further the direct effect of Pg on apoptosis and the involvement of SerpinE1 in this process, we used SerpinE1 knockdown and scrambled control clones of the MIN6 pancreatic β‐cell line.ResultsPg/gingipain was detected in both the periodontium and pancreas in the experimental group. Islets from animals that were administered Pg orally (experimental group) developed significant changes in islet architecture, upregulation of SerpinE1, and increased β‐cell apoptosis compared with the control group. We also observed that exposure of MIN6 cells to Pg in vitro resulted in apoptosis. However, apoptosis was significantly reduced when SerpinE1 expression by MIN6 cells was knocked down.ConclusionOral application of the periodontal pathogen Pg to C57BL/6 mice induces periodontitis, translocation of Pg/gingipain to the pancreas and results in complex alterations in pancreatic islet morphology. SerpinE1 appears to be involved in this process.
Correlation Between Residual Volume of Male Patients After Uroflowmetry and Random Residual Volume
Authors: OKÇELİK Sezgin , SOYDAN Hasan , ATEŞ Ferhat , YILMAZ Ömer , MALKOÇ Ercan , ŞENKUL Temuçin , KARADEMİR Kenan 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesOur aim was to examine correlation between Post‐void residual urine (PVR) after uroflowmetry and random PVR.MethodsMale patients reporting to the Urology outpatient clinic with LUTS were selected. Patients' age, prostate volume, bladder capacity, voided volume, maximum flow rate, average flow rate, random PVR and PVR after uroflowmetry were recorded. We evaluated the correlations between these parameters. Also we assessed if there was a difference between random PVR and PVR after uroflowmetry. We divided PVR after uroflowmetry and random PVR into three groups: Group 1: 0–50 mL, Group 2: 51–100 mL and Group 3: >100 mL. Also we divided the patients into two groups according to bladder capacity as Group 1: ≤400 mL and Group 2: >400 mL. We compared these groups to determine whether a significant difference.ResultsSeventy‐seven patients applying to the urology outpatient clinic were assessed between 2013 and 2014. PVR after uroflowmetry was significantly higher than random PVR (P < 0.001). When we divided PVR after uroflowmetry and random PVR into three groups there was a significant difference between the groups (P = 0.02). When we divided the patients into two groups according to bladder capacity as Group 1: ≤400 mL and Group 2: >400 mL, PVR after uroflowmetry was different, but random PVR was similar (P < 0.001, P = 0.72).ConclusionsPVR after uroflowmetry seems to be incorrectly high in patients whose bladder capacity is above 400 mL.
Micro‐anatomical responses in periodontal complexes of mice to calibrated orthodontic forces on the crown
Authors: Pal A. , Chen L. , Yang L. , Yang F. , Meng B. , Jheon A. H. , Ho S. P. 
Published: June 2017

Structured AbstractObjectiveCorrelating mechanical forces with quantifiable physical changes in the dentoalveolar complex.Setting and Sample PopulationMale 6‐week C57BL/6 mice (N=3), micro X‐ray‐computed tomography; post‐analysis software to extract physical changes in periodontal ligament (PDL)‐space.Materials and MethodsSilicone‐elastic bands were placed between maxillary molars for 1 week, with the contralateral side as internal control. Average displacements between crowns and roots, and changes in PDL‐spaces were evaluated by registering X‐ray tomograms of experimental and control hemi‐maxillae. Histology illustrated mineral formation and resorption‐related events within narrowed and widened volumes of the PDL‐space.Results3D maps of changes in PDL‐space between molars illustrated coronal and root displacements of 640 μm and 180 μm, respectively, compared to 70 μm in controls. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) specimens exhibited an average net change of −20 μm in narrowed and +30 μm in widened PDL‐spaces. Bone and cementum were affected by the force on molars, and primary cementum was more affected than secondary cementum.ConclusionsThis novel approach illustrates the importance of 3D‐imaging and analysing 3D alveolar socket subjected to OTM otherwise omitted by 2D micrographs. A measured force on the crown elicits a response related to narrowed and widened regions in the 3D complex. OTM that exceeds PDL‐space can illicit biological responses that attempt to restore physiologic PDL‐space via remodelling of the periodontium. Regenerated weaker bone due to aseptic inflammation caused by orthodontics could leave patients at a higher risk of bone loss or root resorption if they later develop periodontitis, a form of septic inflammation.
A new cyte in orthodontics: Osteocytes in tooth movement
Authors: Bumann E. E. , Frazier‐Bowers S. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOrthodontic tooth movement (OTM) relies on the orchestration of clinical and biologic events that include the application of clinical force followed by a cascade of cellular and molecular responses. Our understanding about OTM today has evolved from, and is largely based on historic studies. However, the advances in bone biology and clinical orthodontics today continue to pave the pathway towards an improved knowledge base, and state of the art therapeutics in OTM. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts have been the primary cells analyzed in OTM. However, the role of osteocytes, a cell previously thought to be static, should be considered in light of new findings in molecular biological research. Osteocytes are now known to be significant in controlling responses to mechanical forces and therefore may be central to both OTM and normal tooth eruption. In this review, we explore the biology of OTM by focusing specifically on the potential role of osteocytes. Evidence from recent studies reveal that osteocytes have a role in controlling the response to mechanical forces and OTM. We therefore propose that these findings and further research endeavours may shape the future of clinical applications—specifically enhanced outcomes in OTM.
Evaluation of the 3dMDface system as a tool for soft tissue analysis
Authors: Hong C. , Choi K. , Kachroo Y. , Kwon T. , Nguyen A. , McComb R. , Moon W. 
Published: June 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy of three‐dimensional stereophotogrammetry by comparing values obtained from direct anthropometry and the 3dMDface system. To achieve a more comprehensive evaluation of the reliability of 3dMD, both linear and surface measurements were examined.Setting and Sample PopulationUCLA Section of Orthodontics. Mannequin head as model for anthropometric measurements.Material and MethodsImage acquisition and analysis were carried out on a mannequin head using 16 anthropometric landmarks and 21 measured parameters for linear and surface distances. 3D images using 3dMDface system were made at 0, 1 and 24 hours; 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Error magnitude statistics used include mean absolute difference, standard deviation of error, relative error magnitude and root mean square error. Intra‐observer agreement for all measurements was attained.ResultsOverall mean errors were lower than 1.00 mm for both linear and surface parameter measurements, except in 5 of the 21 measurements. The three longest parameter distances showed increased variation compared to shorter distances. No systematic errors were observed for all performed paired t tests (P<.05). Agreement values between two observers ranged from 0.91 to 0.99.ConclusionsMeasurements on a mannequin confirmed the accuracy of all landmarks and parameters analysed in this study using the 3dMDface system. Results indicated that 3dMDface system is an accurate tool for linear and surface measurements, with potentially broad‐reaching applications in orthodontics, surgical treatment planning and treatment evaluation.
Mechanisms of inhibitory effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in photosynthetic primary processes in pea leaves and thylakoid preparations
Authors: Kreslavski V. D. , Brestic M. , Zharmukhamedov S. K. , Lyubimov V. Yu. , Lankin A. V. , Jajoo A. , Allakhverdiev S. I. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Inhibitory effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on plants were studied in pea leaves in order to elucidate the mechanisms of action of PAHs such as naphthalene (Naph) and phenanthrene (Phen) on activity of photosystem II (PSII).

The changes in different Chl fluorescence parameters were calculated on the basis of Chl fluorescence induction curves. H2O2 content was measured in leaf homogenates with the luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence method.

We demonstrated that following PAH treatment, total energy dissipation (DI0/ABS) and amount of QB‐non‐reducing complexes of PSII significantly increased. Non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) also increased, when weak oxidative stress after PAH application developed. In leaves, a two‐step increase in H2O2 was found with time of incubation in the presence of PAHs, which may be associated with damage to the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and then violation of lipid bilayer membranes of cell organelles.

A hypothesis for the mode of action of PAHs is provided that involves the role of ROS, membrane permeability and associated functional changes in PSII.
ADAMTS13 test and/or PLASMIC clinical score in management of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a cost‐effective analysis
Authors: Kim Chong H. , Simmons Sierra C. , Williams III Lance A. , Staley Elizabeth M. , Zheng X. Long , Pham Huy P. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDThe ADAMTS13 test distinguishes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) from other thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs). The PLASMIC score helps determine the pretest probability of ADAMTS13 deficiency. Due to inherent limitations of both tests, and potential adverse effects and cost of unnecessary treatments, we performed a cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) investigating the benefits of incorporating an in‐hospital ADAMTS13 test and/or PLASMIC score into our clinical practice.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA CEA model was created to compare four scenarios for patients with TMAs, utilizing either an in‐house or a send‐out ADAMTS13 assay with or without prior risk stratification using PLASMIC scoring. Model variables, including probabilities and costs, were gathered from the medical literature, except for the ADAMTS13 send‐out and in‐house tests, which were obtained from our institutional data.RESULTSIf only the cost is considered, in‐house ADAMTS13 test for patients with intermediate‐ to high‐risk PLASMIC score is the least expensive option ($4,732/patient). If effectiveness is assessed as measured by the number of averted deaths, send‐out ADAMTS13 test is the most effective. Considering the cost/effectiveness ratio, the in‐house ADAMTS13 test in patients with intermediate‐ to high‐risk PLASMIC score is the best option, followed by the in‐house ADAMTS13 test without the PLASMIC score.CONCLUSIONSIn patients with clinical presentations of TMAs, having an in‐hospital ADAMTS13 test to promptly establish the diagnosis of TTP appears to be cost‐effective. Utilizing the PLASMIC score further increases the cost‐effectiveness of the in‐house ADAMTS13 test. Our findings indicate the benefit of having a rapid and reliable in‐house ADAMTS13 test, especially in the tertiary medical center.
Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A virus infection associated with respiratory signs in sloth bears (Melursus ursinus)
Authors: Boedeker N. C. , Nelson M. I. , Killian M. L. , Torchetti M. K. , Barthel T. , Murray S. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIn 2009, a pandemic influenza A virus (pH1N1) spread globally in humans and infected a broad range of captive animals with close human contact. In February 2014, a pH1N1 virus was isolated from a sloth bear with respiratory signs at a US zoo, demonstrating that recurring epidemics present an ongoing threat to animals, including threatened species. This is the first report of pH1N1 infection in sloth bears. To understand the sloth bear virus within the global context of pH1N1, phylogenetic trees were inferred including full‐length sequences from available non‐human, non‐swine hosts, representing four families in the order Carnivora and one order of birds. A combination of phylogenetic and epidemiological evidence strongly suggests the sloth bear was infected with a human‐origin pH1N1 virus, supporting the implementation of biosecurity measures to protect human and animal health.
Genome Analysis of Endomicrobium proavitum Suggests Loss and Gain of Relevant Functions during the Evolution of Intracellular Symbionts
Authors: Zheng Hao , Dietrich Carsten , Brune Andreas 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Bacterial endosymbionts of eukaryotes show progressive genome erosion, but detailed investigations of the evolutionary processes involved in the transition to an intracellular lifestyle are generally hampered by the lack of extant free-living lineages. Here, we characterize the genome of the recently isolated, free-living
Endomicrobium proavitum
, the second member of the
Elusimicrobia
phylum brought into pure culture, and compare it to the closely related “
Candidatus
Endomicrobium trichonymphae” strain Rs-D17, a previously described but uncultured endosymbiont of termite gut flagellates. A reconstruction of the metabolic pathways of
Endomicrobium proavitum
matched the fermentation products formed in pure culture and underscored its restriction to glucose as the substrate. However, several pathways present in the free-living strain, e.g., for the uptake and activation of glucose and its subsequent fermentation, ammonium assimilation, and outer membrane biogenesis, were absent or disrupted in the endosymbiont, probably lost during the massive genome rearrangements that occurred during symbiogenesis. While the majority of the genes in strain Rs-D17 have orthologs in
Endomicrobium proavitum
, the endosymbiont also possesses a number of functions that are absent from the free-living strain and may represent adaptations to the intracellular lifestyle. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the genes encoding glucose 6-phosphate and amino acid transporters, acetaldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase, and the pathways of glucuronic acid catabolism and thiamine pyrophosphate biosynthesis were either acquired by horizontal gene transfer or may represent ancestral traits that were lost in the free-living strain. The polyphyletic origin of
Endomicrobia
in different flagellate hosts makes them excellent models for future studies of convergent and parallel evolution during symbiogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
The isolation of a free-living relative of intracellular symbionts provides the rare opportunity to identify the evolutionary processes that occur in the course of symbiogenesis. Our study documents that the genome of “
Candidatus
Endomicrobium trichonymphae,” which represents a clade of endosymbionts that have coevolved with termite gut flagellates for more than 40 million years, is not simply a subset of the genes present in
Endomicrobium proavitum
, a member of the ancestral, free-living lineage. Rather, comparative genomics revealed that the endosymbionts possess several relevant functions that were either prerequisites for colonization of the intracellular habitat or might have served to compensate for genes losses that occurred during genome erosion. Some gene sets found only in the endosymbiont were apparently acquired by horizontal transfer from other gut bacteria, which suggests that the intracellular bacteria of flagellates are not entirely cut off from gene flow.
Effectiveness of metacognitive interventions for mental disorders in adults: a systematic review protocol (METACOG)
Authors: Kühne Franziska , Meister Ramona , Jansen Alessa , Härter Martin , Moritz Steffen , Kriston Levente 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionWhereas the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy has been demonstrated for a variety of mental disorders, there is still need for improvement, especially regarding less prevalent or more severe disorders. Recently, metacognitive interventions have been developed and are now available for a variety of diagnoses. Still, a systematic review investigating the effectiveness of different metacognitive interventions for various mental disorders is missing.Methods and analysisRandomised controlled trials (RCTs), cross-over and cluster RCTs and non-randomised controlled trials on metacognitive interventions (ie, metacognitive therapy, metacognitive training, others) in adults with any mental disorder will be included. As comparators, another psychological or pharmacological treatment, a combined psychological and pharmacological treatment, treatment as usual or no active treatment are eligible. Outcomes refer to efficacy and acceptability of metacognitive interventions.Ethics and disseminationIn light of the popularity of metacognitive interventions, the systematic review will provide researchers, clinicians and patients with substantial information on the intervention’s effectiveness across different mental disorders. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated through a patient workshop.