bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tensile strength prediction in monel 400 weldments using classification and regression algorithms in machine learning
Authors: Balasubramaniyan Karthekeyan Parrthipan , Pandiarajan Narayanasamy , Ranjit Ramya , Krishnankutty Pratheesh , Noor Mohamed Mohammed Raffic , Pandiarajan Balasundar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Selecting the most effective welding settings impacts mechanical strength and weld quality, with parameters like current, voltage, and speed playing pivotal roles. The mechanical part encompasses material properties, welding process variables, and structural integrity, all contributing to the overall weld quality and strength. By integrating these mechanical factors with predictive modelling, a comprehensive understanding of weld performance can be achieved, enabling optimized welding settings and enhanced weld quality assurance. This study assesses and compares machine learning algorithms such as a random tree, random forest, and C4.5 to determine their predictive capability regarding the tensile strength in Monel 400 Weldments. By utilizing a dataset comprising 32 instances with attributes like Current, Voltage, and Speed, models were developed and assessed using K-Fold cross-validation. Among these algorithms, the random tree models emerge as the most proficient in accurately predicting the tensile strength for Monel 400 Weldments through classification ML techniques. Similarly, regression algorithms have been deployed to assess the dataset by varying the train-test split ratio and gradient boosting, which exhibited superior performance with a higher R2 value of 0.99. Both random tree and Gradient boosting algorithms have commonly been recommended, with current being the most influential factor affecting tensile strength.
A review of computational optimization of bone scaffold architecture: methods, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Foroughi Ali H , Valeri Caleb , Razavi Mir Jalil 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The design and optimization of bone scaffolds are critical for the success of bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of computational optimization methods for bone scaffold architecture, focusing on the balance between mechanical stability, biological compatibility, and manufacturability. Finite element method (FEM), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and various optimization algorithms are discussed for their roles in simulating and refining scaffold designs. The integration of multiobjective optimization and topology optimization has been highlighted for developing scaffolds that meet the multifaceted requirements of BTE. Challenges such as the need for consideration of manufacturing constraints and the incorporation of degradation and bone regeneration models into the optimization process have been identified. The review underscores the potential of advanced computational tools and additive manufacturing techniques in evolving the field of BTE, aiming to improve patient outcomes in bone tissue regeneration. The reliability of current optimization methods is examined, with suggestions for incorporating non-deterministic approaches and in vivo validations to enhance the practical application of optimized scaffolds. The review concludes with a call for further research into artificial intelligence-based methods to advance scaffold design and optimization.
A novel route of carburizing through microwave hybrid heating
Authors: Samyal Rahul , Khulbey Chitrank , Bedi Raman , Shukla Dinesh Kumar , Bagha Ashok Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Carburizing is a surface treatment process by diffusing carbon into the steel. These days, manufacturing industries demand highly efficient processes that consume low power. Microwave processing is a newly evolving process that consumes low power. This study proposes a novel route for carburizing mild steel (substrate) through experimental and simulation studies using a microwave heating. Charcoal powder was used as a susceptor to convert microwave energy into heat energy and to deposit carbon on the surface of the specimen. The mild steel specimens were exposed to the microwave power input of 900 W and 360 W for exposure time of 1500 s and 1980 s naming it as S2 and S3 respectively. The microstructural analysis of specimens S2 and S3 confirms the formation of pearlite structures at the surface. However, the amount of pearlite structure was significantly higher for the S3. The higher carbon content is confirmed through energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of specimen S3. The average hardness of the S3 specimen was determined to be 220.8 HV, which shows an increase of 38.36% compared to the S1 (base metal). x-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate the additional cementite peaks (Fe3C) and ferrite-confirming phase transformations for carburized samples. The wear analysis of S2 and S3 was conducted through pin-on-disk testing. The peak COF of 0.73 and 0.64 was observed for S2 and S3 respectively. The hard surface of S3 resists the penetration of the counter body to a greater extent due to the fine morphology of pearlite. From the FEM study, the maximum value of 7.96

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(V/m) was determined at the center region for the electric field distribution in the microwave cavity, which is the optimum value for efficient heating. The maximum temperature of the mild steel obtained during the carburization process was 900 °C in 1800 s. The microwave carburizing process requires relatively less time than the conventional carburizing process which will save energy consumption.
An acoustic nanogenerator based on porous PDMS/ZnO/PVDF-TrFE structure for self-powered intermediated-frequency sound monitoring
Authors: Liu Mei , Liu Xinyue , He Mengfan , Bai Xin , Wang Shuo , Meng Lingjun , Giernacki Wojciech , Rao Jinjun , Wang Zhiming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Sound energy is widely present in natural environment, nowadays predominantly collected using voluminous and heavy rigid devices, limiting their portability. Till now, there are few reports about using flexible materials to collect sound energy, and it is usually susceptible to environmental humidity. This study combines flexible polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), piezoelectric material polyvinylidene difluoride trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE), nano zinc oxide (ZnO), and conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to fabricate a porous nano ZnO/PVDF-TrFE/CNTs PDMS sound-driven nanogenerator (PZPCP SNG). It amalgamates frictional and piezoelectric effects: its porous structure enables efficient collection of vibration and frictional energy generated by sound waves; the piezoelectric effect of PVDF-TrFE and nano ZnO facilitates the conversion of acoustic mechanical energy, collectively enhancing the generator's output. Experimental optimization yields the best production conditions, achieving optimal outputs of 481.1 mV (open-circuit voltage), 209.13 nA (short-circuit current) under 400 Hz/125 dB sound stimuli, with a surface power density of 9.1 μW/m2 (volumetric power density of 2.28 mW/m3). And it can convert sound ranging from 63–3000 Hz. With hardware circuitry, up to 5 series-connected light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be illuminated within the circuit, demonstrating a certain degree of sound recognition capability. The proposed PZPCP SNG design is simple, effective, and lightweight, enabling flexible and stable intermediated-frequency acoustic energy harvesting. Its hydrophobic structural characteristics render it adaptable to various humidity, presenting a new approach toward widespread low-power sound detection and self-powering applications.
Improving the performance of polyvinyl chloride with added natural extracts for medical storage
Authors: Saadi Furqan M , Mohammed Alaa A , Salih Wafaa M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a candidate biopolymer for medical packaging due to its inertness to biological fluids, high mechanical and chemical resistance, and wide range of processing possibilities. Blood bags were fabricated to obtain a flexible blood bag with high durability, antibacterial resistance, and good bio-properties. Recently, most of the problems related to blood bags available in hospitals are related to the synthetic plasticizer added to the base material to provide the required flexibility for application, but these synthetic materials harm human blood as they lead to blood dissolution and thus blood corruption quickly. So the present work focuses on modifying the properties of PVC by incorporating extracted natural materials including basil seeds at different concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%) using solvent cast method. Then, extracted wheat gel at concentrations (0.5 and 1%) was added to composite samples containing basil seed gel (3%). The resulting samples were characterized by tensile, water absorption, FTIR, wettability, transparency, antibacterial, and hemolytic tests. It was found that the ultimate tensile strength decreased with increasing concentration of two additives. While the elastic modulus value decreased when basil seed gel was added, but tended to increase when wheat gel was added. The elongation ratio results showed improvement with the addition of gel. The results showed that the water absorption and wettability of the composites increased with the increase of the additive concentration. The results also showed that these materials had better resistance to S. aureus and C. albicans bacteria. The transparency and hemolysis results decreased with the addition of a gel enhancer. According to the obtained results the resultant composite has better properties than commercial blood bags and is more suitable for blood bags.
Impact of an enterprise controlled substance management system on labor and inventory costs
Authors: Mohundro Michael , Greene Thomas , Moore Cindy , Jones Jennifer , Goldblatt Claudia , Nelkin Heather , Hays Amanda 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the impact of an enterprise controlled substance (ECS) management system with integration of analytics software on labor requirements and inventory cost within a health-system pharmacy.

Methods
A prospective, pre-post observational study was designed to assess the impact of implementing a solution that connects disparate systems with the integration of analytics software. Three study modules were implemented over approximately 18 months. The intervention consisted of implementation of new CS vaults, a centralized server, an automated central medication inventory system, and inventory optimization analytics software. The number of transactions and time spent on CS reports were compared before and after implementation to determine labor and inventory efficiencies.

Results
Both of the study facilities had a decrease in CS daily stockouts and an increase in inventory turns compared to baseline, while the total number of transactions (vends) at the central vault and decentralized dispensing cabinets increased. The addition of analytics allowed for establishment of informed changes to periodic automated replenishment levels. Additionally, both facilities saw a reduction in the number of expired medications, and there was subsequently a reduction in the total reverse distributor costs. Finally, both facilities had a reduction in the amount of time spent on manual tasks associated with reconciling and managing discrepancies.

Conclusion
An inventory management system integrated with an advanced analytics tool provided a reduction in the time spent on receiving, storing, and reconciling CS records while the number of transactions increased. The ECS solution enhanced the visibility of the chain of custody while closing the loop between reporting and receiving inventory, eliminating or reducing the frequency of manual processes.
Noise in the operating room coincides with surgical difficulty
Authors: Peisl Sarah , Sánchez-Taltavull Daniel , Guillen-Ramirez Hugo , Tschan Franziska , Semmer Norbert K , Hübner Martin , Demartines Nicolas , Wrann Simon G , Gutknecht Stefan , Weber Markus , Candinas Daniel , Beldi Guido , Keller Sandra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Noise in the operating room has been shown to distract the surgical team and to be associated with postoperative complications. It is, however, unclear whether complications after noisy operations are the result of objective or subjective surgical difficulty or the consequence of distraction of the operating room team by noise.

Methods
Noise level measurements were prospectively performed during operations in four Swiss hospitals. Objective difficulty for each operation was calculated based on surgical magnitude as suggested by the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM), duration of operation and surgical approach. Subjective difficulty and distraction were evaluated by a questionnaire filled out by the operating room team members. Complications were assessed 30 days after surgery. Using regression analyses, the relationship between objective and subjective difficulty, distraction, intraoperative noise and postoperative complications was tested.

Results
Postoperative complications occurred after 121 (38%) of the 294 procedures included. Noise levels were significantly higher in operations that were objectively and subjectively more difficult (59.89 versus 58.35 dB(A), P &lt; 0.001) and operations that resulted in postoperative complications (59.05 versus 58.77 dB(A), P = 0.004). Multivariable regression analyses revealed that subjective difficulty as reported by all members of the surgical team, but not distraction, was highly associated with noise and complications. Only objective surgical difficulty independently predicted noise and postoperative complications.

Conclusion
Noise in the operating room is a surrogate of surgical difficulty and thereby predicts postoperative complications.
Automated analysis of operative video in surgical training: scoping review
Authors: Dick Lachlan , Boyle Connor P , Skipworth Richard J E , Smink Douglas S , Tallentire Victoria Ruth , Yule Steven 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
There is increasing availability of operative video for use in surgical training. Emerging technologies can now assess video footage and automatically generate metrics that could be harnessed to improve the assessment of operative performance. However, a comprehensive understanding of which technology features are most impactful in surgical training is lacking. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the current use of automated video analytics in surgical training.

Methods
PubMed, Scopus, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane database were searched, to 29 September 2023, following PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Search terms included ‘trainee’, ‘video analytics’, and ‘education’. Articles were screened independently by two reviewers to identify studies that applied automated video analytics to trainee-performed operations. Data on the methods of analysis, metrics generated, and application to training were extracted.

Results
Of the 6736 articles screened, 13 studies were identified. Computer vision tracking was the common method of video analysis. Metrics were described for processes (for example movement of instruments), outcomes (for example intraoperative phase duration), and critical safety elements (for example critical view of safety in laparoscopic cholecystectomy). Automated metrics were able to differentiate between skill levels (for example consultant versus trainee) and correlated with traditional methods of assessment. There was a lack of longitudinal application to training and only one qualitative study reported the experience of trainees using automated video analytics.

Conclusion
The performance metrics generated from automated video analysis are varied and encompass several domains. Validation of analysis techniques and the metrics generated are a priority for future research, after which evidence demonstrating the impact on training can be established.
Addressing cognitive impairment in peritoneal dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes
Authors: Aiumtrakul Noppawit , Thongprayoon Charat , Yingchoncharoen Pitchaporn , Wannaphut Chalothorn , Wathanavasin Wannasit , Suppadungsuk Supawadee , Krisanapan Pajaree , Cheungpasitporn Wisit 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a critical complication in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, associated with decreased quality of life and increased hospitalization. Despite its significant impact, the prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of CI in PD patients are not well understood. We aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of CI in PD patients.

Methods
We performed systematic reviews in OVID Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases until February 2024 to identify cross-sectional and cohort studies on prevalence of CI (identified by cognitive assessment scales) in PD patients. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias. A pooled meta-analysis of CI prevalence in PD and a subgroup analysis comparing the risk of CI between PD and non-PD settings were performed using a random-effects model.

Results
A total of 19 studies were identified, involving 2882 PD patients. The pooled prevalence of CI in PD patients was 47.7% (95%CI: 35.8–59.9%). CI in patients undergoing PD appears to be associated with older age, female gender, lower levels of education, and is linked to higher rates of hospitalization and peritonitis, compared to those without CI. However, it is not associated with increased mortality. Compared to hemodialysis, PD showed a trend toward a lower risk of CI (OR 0.64, 95%CI 0.39–1.03; P = .068).

Conclusion
CI is highly prevalent and associated with several adverse clinical outcomes in PD patients. These findings could contribute to facilitate the development of screening and early intervention strategies to reduce the burden of disease in this population.
Seasonal variation in thermal tolerance and hypoxia tolerance of a threatened minnow and a non-imperilled congener: a cautionary tale for surrogate species in conservation
Authors: Reemeyer Jessica E , Rumball Dominique , Mandrak Nicholas E , Chapman Lauren J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Freshwater organisms face multiple threats to their ecosystems, including warming associated with climate change and low dissolved oxygen (environmental hypoxia), which are both increasing in frequency and extent in freshwater systems. Understanding tolerance thresholds for these environmental stressors as well as the plasticity of responses is the key for informing the conservation of imperilled species. Direct measurement of imperilled species can be difficult, and the use of surrogate (non-imperilled but closely related) species has been proposed as a remedy, but the degree to which surrogate data are representative of the imperilled species has not been widely validated. In this study, we measured physiological performance of two species: one federally listed as Threatened in Canada (Pugnose Shiner, Miniellus anogenus) and a non-imperilled congener (Blackchin Shiner, Miniellus heterodon). Hypoxia tolerance (critical oxygen tension and loss of equilibrium) and upper thermal tolerance (CTmax) were measured streamside over a period of 5 months. We found that the Threatened Pugnose Shiner had lower tolerance to both elevated temperature and hypoxia than the non-imperilled Blackchin Shiner. The species also differed in their responses to environmental dissolved oxygen (DO). CTmax of Pugnose Shiner had a positive relationship with DO such that CTmax was lowered when environmental DO was low, whereas there was no effect of DO on CTmax of Blackchin Shiner. Blackchin Shiner also showed plasticity of hypoxia tolerance in response to changes in environmental DO, while Pugnose Shiner showed little plasticity. We conclude that Pugnose Shiner may be more sensitive to heat waves and hypoxia associated with climate change. We also assert that researchers should be cautious when using surrogate species to inform tolerance limits of imperilled species and highlight the value of measuring imperilled species directly when possible.
Mucosal Cytokine Expression Associated With Deep Endoscopic Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Takagi Tomohisa , Mizushima Katsura , Hirai Yasuko , Murakami Eiki , Asaeda Kohei , Kajiwara-Kubota Mariko , Kashiwagi Saori , Minagawa Yuki , Hotta Yuma , Tanaka Makoto , Inoue Ken , Katada Kazuhiro , Kamada Kazuhiro , Ishikawa Takeshi , Konishi Hideyuki , Kishimoto Mitsuo , Naito Yuji , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause, for which no curative treatments have been developed. Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of UC, and therapies targeting specific cytokines have been successful in treating refractory UC. The purpose of this study was to measure mucosal cytokines in UC and identify those that contribute to nonrelapsing mucosal healing (MH) diagnosed by endoscopy.

Methods
This prospective, observational study included 163 patients with UC. The mucosa was evaluated by the Mayo Endoscopic Subscore (MES) and linked color imaging (LCI) at the time of endoscopy, and cytokine mRNA expression in biopsy tissue taken from the same site was quantified by real-time PCR and compared with endoscopic findings. The relationship between cytokine mRNA expression and endoscopic findings was investigated.

Results
Cytokines such as IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-17A, and IL-23 were significantly elevated in proportion to endoscopic severity of MES and LCI classification. Interestingly, we found differences in the expression of cytokines (eg, IL-22 and IL-33) between MES and LCI classification according to disease severity. Additionally, pathway analysis based on RNA sequencing comparing LCI-A and LCI-B in patients diagnosed as MES 0 revealed that IL-5 and IL-6 are involved in the finer differences in endoscopic mucosal redness.

Conclusions
This study is the first to report the correlation between mucosal cytokine expression and the pathogenesis of MH in UC and supports the contribution of specific cytokines as molecular markers of MH or in the pathogenesis of MH in UC.
To what extent did mortality from COVID-19 in England and Wales differ for migrants compared to non-migrants in 2020 and 2021? A descriptive, observational study
Authors: Hiam Lucinda , Minton Jon , Burns Rachel , McKee Martin , Aldridge Robert W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Seventeen percent of people living in the UK are migrants. In high-income countries, migrants have been shown to have better all-cause mortality but worse mortality for some specific causes such as infectious diseases. This observational study aims to quantify the extent to which mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) differed between migrants and non-migrants for the population of England and Wales, 2020-2021. We use Official National Statistics data to compare mortality from COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021 by country/region of birth, expressed as the standardized mortality ratio with those born in England and Wales as the reference population. Migrants from 17 of 19 countries/regions examined had higher mortality from COVID-19 than non-migrants. The highest mortality was those born in Bangladesh (females SMR = 3.39, 95% CIs 3.09–3.71; males 4.41, 95% CIs 4.09–4.75); Pakistan (females 2.73, 95% CIs 2.59–2.89; males 3.02, 95% CIs 2.89–3.14); and the Caribbean (females 2.03, 95% CIs 1.87–2.20; males 2.48, 95% CIs 2.37–2.60). Migrants born in Antarctica and Oceania (females 0.54, 95% CI 0.42–0.40; males 0.71, 95% CI 0.51–0.88), and North and Central America (females 0.95, 95% CI 0.80–1.11; males 0.85, 95% CI 0.72–0.99) had lower mortality than non-migrants. Most migrant populations had higher mortality from COVID-19 than non-migrants in England and Wales. Policy-makers must work to integrate migration status into routine data collection to inform future research and understand the causes of the inequalities seen.