bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halogenase‐Inspired Oxidative Chlorination Using Flavin Photocatalysis
Authors: Hering Thea , Mühldorf Bernd , Wolf Robert , König Burkhard 
Published: March 2016

AbstractChlorine gas or electropositive chlorine reagents are used to prepare chlorinated aromatic compounds, which are found in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymers, and serve as synthetic precursors for metal‐catalyzed cross‐couplings. Nature chlorinates with chloride anions, FAD‐dependent halogenases, and O2 as the oxidant. A photocatalytic oxidative chlorination is described based on the organic dye riboflavin tetraacetate mimicking the enzymatic process. The chemical process allows within the suitable arene redox potential window a broader substrate scope compared to the specific activation in the enzymatic binding pocket.
Effect of storage temperature and time on stability of poly(lactide)–whey protein isolate laminated films
Authors: Phupoksakul Thunyaluck , Leuangsukrerk Manusawee , Somwangthanaroj Anongnat , Tananuwong Kanitha , Janjarasskul Theeranun 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe stability of biopolymeric multilayer film fabricated from poly(lactide) (PLA) and glycerol‐plasticized whey protein isolate (WPI), PLA/WPI/PLA, at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C were examined. The PLA/WPI/PLA film showed small rates of decreasing in transparency and increasing total color difference. Storage at 35 °C caused the film to become stronger and less extendible. The multilayer structures showed lower tensile strength and higher elongation over storage at 4 °C and 25 °C. Oxygen and water vapor barrier abilities of PLA/WPI/PLA gradually improved over time, especially at 35 °C. The changes in properties of laminate structure can be empirically fitted with either zero‐ or first‐order reaction kinetics, with overall R2 ≥ 0.90. The results suggested that PLA/WPI/PLA film could be stored at 4–35 °C, 50–59% RH, for extended period of inventory time. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43547.
Dynamic heterogeneity in epoxy networks for protection applications
Authors: Masser Kevin A. , Knorr Daniel B. , Yu Jian H. , Hindenlang Mark D. , Lenhart Joseph L. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe segmental dynamics and ballistic performance are investigated for a series of thermosetting epoxy networks composed of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured with mixtures of a rigid cycloaliphatic diamine and a series of flexible propylene oxide diamines. Formulations of DGEBA, cycloaliphatic diamine, and a low molecular weight propylene oxide diamine exhibit miscibility in the fully cured state, resulting in a single glass transition temperature (Tg), described by a Gordon‐Taylor relationship. When high molecular weight propylene oxide diamines are used, the monomers are partially miscible, and the resulting cured epoxy exhibits dynamic heterogeneity, as evidenced by dual Tg's. These dynamically heterogeneous systems composed of rigid and flexible domains can exhibit enhanced ballistic impact response when the length scale of the phase separation is small, and the composition is near a phase inversion point. The dynamic heterogeneity also broadens the temperature window for impact performance, which is important for practical applications in military systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43566.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride and its antioxidant activity in vitro
Authors: Liu Qianwen , Li Yuan , Jin Xin , Peng Qin , Liu Xiaofei , Wu Yuntang 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTChitosan biguanidine hydrochloride (CSGH) was synthesized by guanidinylation of chitosan hydrochloride (CSH) under microwave irradiation and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and element analysis. The antioxidant activity of CSGH was evaluated by both chemical and cellular methods. The results showed that CSGH was better than CSH but slightly inferior to ascorbic acid (Vc) for scavenging 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, and the DPPH• scavenging ability of CSGH was dose‐dependent. However, cell experiments indicated CSGH had a superior repairing effect on oxidatively damaged cells. The intervention of CSGH could excellently recover the cell morphology, decrease the level of malondialdehyde, and enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. CSGH could be a potential antioxidant reagent, and its antioxidant activity was reflected not only in scavenging the free radicals but also in regulating the oxidation/antioxidation balance of damaged cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43570.
Crosslinking of fibers via azide–alkyne click chemistry: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Rahman Nur Syazwani Abd , Ahmad Noor Afiqah , Yhaya Mohd Firdaus , Azahari Baharin , Ismail Wan Ruslan 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThere has been growing interest in fiber modification for several industrial applications. The modifications have mostly been done to improve the fiber properties. However, the information regarding fiber modification via click chemistry is still limited. In this work, two strategies of click chemistry are evaluated for modifying commercial paper without the addition of copper catalyst. The first strategy is the direct reaction between azidated fiber and propargylated fiber, and the second strategy is to bridge azidated fiber with a self‐made alkyne terminal crosslinker. Native and chemically modified fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The effects of the two clicking strategies on the fiber were further investigated by making handsheets. In terms of mechanical properties, the bridge‐clicking strategy was found to produce better handsheets than the direct‐clicking strategy. These modified fibers would be an interesting application for the packaging and printing industries. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43576.
Hydrophilic goethite nanoparticle as a novel antifouling agent in fabrication of nanocomposite polyethersulfone membrane
Authors: Rahimi Masoud , Zinadini Sirus , Zinatizadeh Ali Akbar , Vatanpour Vahid , Rajabi Laleh , Rahimi Zahra 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe goethite nanoparticle was used as a multifunctional additive to fabricate antifouling polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiltration membranes. The goethite/PES membranes were synthesized via the phase inversion method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs showed an increase in pore size and porosity of the prepared membranes with blending of the goethite. The static water contact angle measurements confirmed a hydrophilic modification of the prepared membranes. With increase in the goethite content from 0 to 0.1 wt %, the pure water flux increased up to 12.7 kg/m2 h. However, the water permeability decreased using high amount of this nanoparticle. Evaluation of the nanofiltration performance was performed using the retention of Direct Red 16. It was observed that the goethite/PES membranes have higher dye removal capacity (99% rejection) than those obtained from the unfilled PES (89%) and the commercial CSM NE 4040 NF membrane (92%). In addition, the goethite/PES blend membranes showed good selectivity and antifouling properties during long‐term nanofiltration experiments with a protein solution. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43592.
Sources of Growth Spurts in Pacific Island Economies
Authors: Duncan Ron 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThere has been a considerable amount of research into the growth of the Pacific island countries; however, there has been no attempt to identify episodes of growth (and non‐growth) and to identify and understand the factors behind these episodes. This narrative article examines the growth experiences of the eight small and micro states of the North and South Pacific that are members of the World Bank. The experience of Samoa and Vanuatu supports the idea that economic reform can lead to growth spurts. Overall, the narratives suggest that unless aid leads to changes in institutions and policies, it does not have long‐lasting positive growth impacts. As experience in the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands appears to show, substantial aid may raise Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth for short periods, but may well have very adverse impacts over the long run.
INVOLVEMENT OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN RECOGNITION PROTEIN L6 IN ACTIVATION OF IMMUNE DEFICIENCY PATHWAY IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSIVE SILKWORM CELLS
Authors: Tanaka Hiromitsu , Sagisaka Aki 
Published: March 2016

The immune deficiency (Imd) signaling pathway is activated by Gram‐negative bacteria for producing antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In Drosophila melanogaster, the activation of this pathway is initiated by the recognition of Gram‐negative bacteria by peptidoglycan (PGN) recognition proteins (PGRPs), PGRP‐LC and PGRP‐LE. In this study, we found that the Imd pathway is involved in enhancing the promoter activity of AMP gene in response to Gram‐negative bacteria or diaminopimelic (DAP) type PGNs derived from Gram‐negative bacteria in an immune responsive silkworm cell line, Bm‐NIAS‐aff3. Using gene knockdown experiments, we further demonstrated that silkworm PGRP L6 (BmPGRP‐L6) is involved in the activation of E. coli or E. coli‐PGN mediated AMP promoter activation. Domain analysis revealed that BmPGRP‐L6 contained a conserved PGRP domain, transmembrane domain, and RIP homotypic interaction motif like motif but lacked signal peptide sequences. BmPGRP‐L6 overexpression enhances AMP promoter activity through the Imd pathway. BmPGRP‐L6 binds to DAP‐type PGNs, although it also binds to lysine‐type PGNs that activate another immune signal pathway, the Toll pathway in Drosophila. These results indicate that BmPGRP‐L6 is a key PGRP for activating the Imd pathway in immune responsive silkworm cells.
Rate and Predisposing Factors for Sacroiliac Joint Radiographic Progression After a Two‐Year Follow‐up Period in Recent‐Onset Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Dougados Maxime , Demattei Christophe , van den Berg Rosaline , Vo Hoang Viet , Thevenin Fabrice , Reijnierse Monique , Loeuille Damien , Feydy Antoine , Claudepierre Pascal , van der Heijde Désirée 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the rate of radiographic structural progression in the sacroiliac (SI) joints in patients with radiographic or nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA), and to determine factors predisposing to such progression, over 2 years.MethodsPatients with recent‐onset axial SpA (from the Devenir des Spondyloarthropathies Indifferérenciées Récentes cohort) were assigned a radiographic SI joint score according to the modified New York criteria. Demographic characteristics, smoking status, HLA–B27 positivity, inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the SI joints, disease activity, and treatment were investigated as potential predisposing factors. The main analysis consisted of the evaluation of the switch from nonradiographic to radiographic axial SpA, but other definitions of radiographic progression were also evaluated.ResultsOf the 708 patients enrolled, 449 had baseline and 2‐year pelvic radiographs. Of these patients, 47% were men. Their mean ± SD age was 34 ± 9 years, 61% were B27 positive, and 37% had inflammation of the SI joints on MRI. The percentages of patients who switched from nonradiographic to radiographic axial SpA (4.9% [16 of 326]) and from radiographic to nonradiographic axial SpA (5.7% [7 of 123]) were low. The mean ± SD change in the total SI joint score (range 0–8) was small (0.1 ± 0.8) but highly significant (P < 0.001). The potential baseline predisposing factors for meeting the modified New York criteria in the multivariate analysis were current smoking, HLA–B27 positivity, and inflammation of the SI joints on MRI, with odds ratios of 3.3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.0–11.5], 12.6 (95% CI 2.3–274), and 48.8 (95% CI 9.3–904), respectively.ConclusionOur findings suggest that structural progression does exist in early SpA, but it is quite small and observed in a small number of patients, and that environmental (smoking status), genetic (HLA–B27 positivity), and inflammation (inflammation of the SI joints on MRI) markers might be independent predisposing factors for progression.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Outcomes of Lupus Nephritis in an International Inception Cohort Using a Multistate Model Approach
Authors: Hanly John G. , Su Li , Urowitz Murray B. , Romero‐Diaz Juanita , Gordon Caroline , Bae Sang‐Cheol , Bernatsky Sasha , Clarke Ann E. , Wallace Daniel J. , Merrill Joan T. , Isenberg David A. , Rahman Anisur , Ginzler Ellen M. , Petri Michelle , Bruce Ian N. , Dooley M. A. , Fortin Paul , Gladman Dafna D. , Sanchez‐Guerrero Jorge , Steinsson Kristjan , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Khamashta Munther A. , Aranow Cynthia , Alarcón Graciela S. , Fessler Barri J. , Manzi Susan , Nived Ola , Sturfelt Gunnar K. , Zoma Asad A. , van Vollenhoven Ronald F. , Ramos‐Casals Manuel , Ruiz‐Irastorza Guillermo , Lim S. Sam , Kalunian Kenneth C. , Inanc Murat , Kamen Diane L. , Peschken Christine A. , Jacobsen Soren , Askanase Anca , Theriault Chris , Farewell Vernon 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo study bidirectional change and predictors of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and proteinuria in lupus nephritis (LN) using a multistate modeling approach.MethodsPatients in the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics inception cohort were classified annually into estimated GFR state 1 (>60 ml/minute), state 2 (30–60 ml/minute), or state 3 (<30 ml/minute) and estimated proteinuria state 1 (<0.25 gm/day), state 2 (0.25–3.0 gm/day), or state 3 (>3.0 gm/day), or end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) or death. Using multistate modeling, relative transition rates between states indicated improvement and deterioration.ResultsOf 1,826 lupus patients, 700 (38.3%) developed LN. During a mean ± SD follow‐up of 5.2 ± 3.5 years, the likelihood of improvement in estimated GFR and estimated proteinuria was greater than the likelihood of deterioration. After 5 years, 62% of patients initially in estimated GFR state 3 and 11% of patients initially in estimated proteinuria state 3 transitioned to ESRD. The probability of remaining in the initial states 1, 2, and 3 was 85%, 11%, and 3%, respectively, for estimated GFR and 62%, 29%, and 4%, respectively, for estimated proteinuria. Male sex predicted improvement in estimated GFR states; older age, race/ethnicity, higher estimated proteinuria state, and higher renal biopsy chronicity scores predicted deterioration. For estimated proteinuria, race/ethnicity, earlier calendar years, damage scores without renal variables, and higher renal biopsy chronicity scores predicted deterioration; male sex, presence of lupus anticoagulant, class V nephritis, and mycophenolic acid use predicted less improvement.ConclusionIn LN, the expected improvement or deterioration in renal outcomes can be estimated by multistate modeling and is preceded by identifiable risk factors. New therapeutic interventions for LN should meet or exceed these expectations.
Brief Report: Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor–Associated Periodic Syndrome With Gonosomal Mosaicism of a Novel 24‐Nucleotide TNFRSF1A Deletion
Authors: Rowczenio Dorota M. , Trojer Hadija , Omoyinmi Ebun , Aróstegui Juan I. , Arakelov Grigor , Mensa‐Vilaro Anna , Baginska Anna , Silva Pilorz Caroline , Wang Guosu , Lane Thirusha , Brogan Paul , Hawkins Philip N. , Lachmann Helen J. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular cause of persistent fevers in a patient returning from working overseas, in whom investigations for tropical diseases yielded negative results.MethodsDNA was extracted from the patient's whole blood, leukocyte subpopulations, saliva, hair root, and sperm. The TNFRSF1A gene was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allele‐specific PCR, Sanger sequencing, and next‐generation sequencing. In silico molecular modeling was performed to predict the structural and functional consequences of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) type I protein mutation in the extracellular domain.ResultsSanger sequencing corroborated by allele‐specific PCR detected a novel in‐frame deletion of 24 nucleotides (c.255_278del) in the TNFRSF1A gene, and this was subsequently confirmed using next‐generation sequencing methods (targeted sequencing and amplicon‐based deep sequencing). Results of amplicon‐based deep sequencing revealed variable frequency of the mutant allele among different cell lines, including sperm, thus supporting the presence of gonosomal TNFRSF1A mosaicism. The patient had a complete response to treatment with interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) blockade, with resolution of symptoms and normalization of acute‐phase protein levels.ConclusionWe describe the first case of gonosomal TNFRSF1A mosaicism in a patient with TNFR‐associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), which was attributable to a novel, somatic 24‐nucleotide in‐frame deletion. The clinical picture in this patient, including the complete response to IL‐1 blockade, was typical of that found in TRAPS. This case adds TRAPS to the list of dominantly inherited autoinflammatory diseases reported to be caused by somatic (or postzygotic) mutation.
IgG4‐Related Disease: Retrospective Analysis of One Hundred Sixty‐Six Patients
Authors: Sekiguchi Hiroshi , Horie Ryohei , Kanai Mio , Suzuki Reina , Yi Eunhee S. , Ryu Jay H. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate clinical and pathologic aspects of IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) in non‐Asian populations.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of patients with IgG4‐RD who presented to an academic medical center from January 1994 to September 2012.ResultsAmong 166 patients identified, the median age at diagnosis was 61 years (interquartile range [IQR] 49–70 years), 75% were male, and 80% were white. The median number of organs involved was 2 (IQR 2–3). When organs were grouped according to anatomic system, the hepatopancreaticobiliary system was most commonly involved (77%). The median highest serum IgG4 level during the clinical course was 215 mg/dl (IQR 122–466). Forty‐three patients (26%) had a normal serum IgG4 level. Seventy‐nine pathology specimens were available for immunostaining. The median number of IgG4+ cells was 37 (IQR 25–82) per high‐power field, with an IgG4+:IgG+ ratio of 0.50 (IQR 0.32–0.68). Among 151 patients who received medical therapy, 72 (48%) received steroid‐sparing agents because of relapse, recurrence, or corticosteroid intolerance. Of the 66 patients who were newly diagnosed, started on corticosteroid monotherapy as the initial treatment, and followed up at our institution, 30 (45%) experienced relapse or recurrence despite an initial favorable response. The number of organs involved had a significant impact on time to relapse or recurrence, with a hazard ratio of 1.48 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.12–1.93) (P < 0.01) in multivariate analysis. The standardized incidence ratio of malignancy was 4.5 (95% CI 1.5–7.5).Conclusion. IgG4‐RD is a multisystem disorder that commonly affects older men and has a propensity for relapse, recurrence, and malignancy.
Comparison of two successive versions 6 and 7 of TMPA satellite precipitation products with rain gauge data over Swat Watershed, Hindukush Mountains, Pakistan
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Naveed , Ding Yongjian , Shangguan Donghui , Tahir Adnan Ahmad , Iqbal Mudassar , Adnan Muhammad 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSwat watershed in Hindukush Mountains was selected for the evaluation of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi‐satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) Versions 6 and 7 using rain‐gauge data. Agreement between the satellite and gauge estimates was good at monthly scale but poor at daily and seasonal (monsoon and westerlies, particularly for monsoon) scales. Over and underestimations were observed at foothills and high‐altitude areas, respectively. Although, bias was still present, but overall performance of TMPA‐V7 was improved compared with TMPA‐V6. Bias corrected‐TMPA‐V7 estimates were better than corrected‐TMPA‐V6. Basin average bias‐corrected precipitation estimates of TMPA‐V7 were estimated at daily, monthly, westerlies, monsoon, and annual scales [means (mm) 1.60, 48, 190, 173 and 582, respectively] for the period 1998–2014. Results suggest that regional bias correction of satellite‐precipitation products is critical and can yield to the substantial improvement in capturing the precipitation.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol and fentanyl in patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery – a study of pharmacodynamic drug–drug interactions
Authors: Wiczling Paweł , Bieda Krzysztof , Przybyłowski Krzysztof , Hartmann‐Sobczyńska Roma , Borsuk Agnieszka , Matysiak Jan , Kokot Zenon J. , Sobczyński Paweł , Grześkowiak Edmund , Bienert Agnieszka 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPropofol is routinely combined with opioid analgesics to ensure adequate anesthesia during surgery. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of fentanyl on the hypnotic effect of propofol and the possible clinical implications of this interaction. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data were obtained from 11 patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery, classified as ASA III. Propofol was administered by a target‐controlled infusion system. Fentanyl 2–3 µg/kg was given whenever insufficient analgesia occurred. The bispectral index (BIS) was used to monitor the depth of anesthesia. A population PK/PD analysis with a non‐linear mixed‐effect model (NONMEM 7.2 software) was conducted. Two‐compartment models satisfactorily described the PK of propofol and fentanyl. The delay of the anesthetic effect in relation to PK was described by the effect compartment. The BIS was linked to propofol and fentanyl effect‐site concentrations through an additive Emax model. Context‐sensitive decrement times (CSDT) determined from the final model were used to assess the influence of fentanyl on the recovery after anesthesia. The population PK/PD model was successfully developed to describe simultaneously the time course and variability of propofol and fentanyl concentrations and BIS. Additive propofol–fentanyl interactions were observed and quantitated. The duration of the fentanyl infusion had minimal effect on CSDT when it was shorter than the duration of the propofol infusion. If the fentanyl infusion was longer than the propofol infusion, an almost two‐fold increase in CSDT occurred. Additional doses of fentanyl administered after the cessation of the propofol infusion result in lower BIS values, and can prolong the time of recovery from anesthesia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From embryonic development to human diseases: The functional role of caveolae/caveolin
Authors: Sohn Jihee , Brick Rachel M. , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCaveolae, an almost ubiquitous, structural component of the plasma membrane, play a critical role in many functions essential for proper cell function, including membrane trafficking, signal transduction, extracellular matrix remodeling, and tissue regeneration. Three main types of caveolin proteins have been identified from caveolae since the discovery of caveolin‐1 in the early 1990s. All three (Cav‐1, Cav‐2, and Cav‐3) play crucial roles in mammalian physiology, and can effect pathogenesis in a wide range of human diseases. While many biological activities of caveolins have been uncovered since its discovery, their role and regulation in embryonic develop remain largely poorly understood, although there is increasing evidence that caveolins may be linked to lung and brain birth defects. Further investigations are clearly needed to decipher how caveolae/caveolins mediate cellular functions and activities of normal embryogenesis and how their perturbations contribute to developmental disorders. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:45–64, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.