bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alarmins: Feel the Stress
Authors: Rider Peleg , Voronov Elena , Dinarello Charles A. , Apte Ron N. , Cohen Idan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOver the last decade, danger-associated molecular pattern molecules, or alarmins, have been recognized as signaling mediators of sterile inflammatory responses after trauma and injury. In contrast with the accepted passive release models suggested by the “danger hypothesis,” it was recently shown that alarmins can also directly sense and report damage by signaling to the environment when released from live cells undergoing physiological stress, even without loss of subcellular compartmentalization. In this article, we review the involvement of alarmins such as IL-1α, IL-33, IL-16, and high-mobility group box 1 in cellular and physiological stress, and suggest a novel activity of these molecules as central initiators of sterile inflammation in response to nonlethal stress, a function we denote “stressorins.” We highlight the role of posttranslational modifications of stressorins as key regulators of their activity and propose that targeted inhibition of stressorins or their modifiers could serve as attractive new anti-inflammatory treatments for a broad range of diseases.
Levi’s Problem for Pseudoconvex Homogeneous Manifolds
Authors: Gilligan Bruce 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSuppose G is a connected complex Lie group and H is a closed complex subgroup. Then there exists a closed complex subgroup J of G containing H such that the fibration π:G/H ⟶ G/J is the holomorphic reduction of G/H; i.e., G/J is holomorphically separable and O(G/H)≅ π*O(G/J). In this paper we prove that if G/H is pseudoconvex, i.e., if G/H admits a continuous plurisubharmonic exhaustion function, then G/J is Stein and J/H has no non-constant holomorphic functions.
Generalized Torsion Elements and Bi-orderability of 3-manifold Groups
Authors: Motegi Kimihiko , Teragaito Masakazu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIt is known that a bi-orderable group has no generalized torsion element, but the converse does not hold in general. We conjecture that the converse holds for the fundamental groups of 3-manifolds and verify the conjecture for non-hyperbolic, geometric 3-manifolds. We also confirm the conjecture for some infinite families of closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds. In the course of the proof, we prove that each standard generator of the Fibonacci group F(2,m) (m > 2) is a generalized torsion element.
La comunicación viral a través de los medios sociales: análisis de sus antecedentes
Authors: Sarmiento Guede José Ramón , De Esteban Curiel Javier , Antonovica Arta 
Published: February 2017

El artículo describe la evolución que ha tenido la comunicación de boca en boca hasta el marketing viral e identifica las emociones, los influencials, el contenido, la ejecución y los medios como antecedentes que influyen en la viralidad del mensaje de marca a través de los medios sociales. Metodología: Análisis de regresión lineal para explicar la relación entre una variable con las demás y estimar el comportamiento de una variable en función de lo que se conoce de otras variables que influyen en el comportamiento de la variable. Análisis y conclusiones: El artículo señala que las emociones y los influencials influyen significativamente en la viralidad del mensaje, y que es la variable ejecución la que menos influye. Se recomienda a las organizaciones desarrollar relaciones con los usuarios a través de los medios sociales y co-crear el mensaje de marca, porque de esta manera tendrá mayor difusión y confiabilidad por parte de los usuarios.
Education in Neurology Resident Documentation Using Payroll Simulation
Authors: Liang John W. , Shanker Vicki L. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
Approaches for teaching neurology documentation include didactic lectures, workshops, and face-to-face meetings. Few studies have assessed their effectiveness.

Objective
To improve the quality of neurology resident documentation through payroll simulation.

Methods
A documentation checklist was created based on Medicaid and Medicare evaluation and management (E/M) guidelines. In the preintervention phase, neurology follow-up clinic charts were reviewed over a 16-week period by evaluators blinded to the notes' authors. Current E/M level, ideal E/M level, and financial loss were calculated by the evaluators. Ideal E/M level was defined as the highest billable level based on the documented problems, alongside a supporting history and examination. We implemented an educational intervention that consisted of a 1-hour didactic lecture, followed by e-mail feedback “paystubs” every 2 weeks detailing the number of patients seen, income generated, income loss, and areas for improvement. Follow-up charts were assessed in a similar fashion over a 16-week postintervention period.

Results
Ten of 11 residents (91%) participated. Of 214 charts that were reviewed preintervention, 114 (53%) had insufficient documentation to support the ideal E/M level, leading to a financial loss of 24% ($5,800). Inadequate documentation was seen in all 3 components: history (47%), examination (27%), and medical decision making (37%). Underdocumentation did not differ across residency years. Postintervention, underdocumentation was reduced to 14% of 273 visits (P &lt; .001), with a reduction in the financial loss to 6% ($1,880).

Conclusions
Improved documentation and increased potential reimbursement was attained following a didactic lecture and a 16-week period in which individual, specific feedback to neurology residents was provided.
Using the Entrustable Professional Activities Framework in the Assessment of Procedural Skills
Authors: Pugh Debra , Cavalcanti Rodrigo B. , Halman Samantha , Ma Irene W. Y. , Mylopoulos Maria , Shanks David , Stroud Lynfa 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
The entrustable professional activity (EPA) framework has been identified as a useful approach to assessment in competency-based education. To apply an EPA framework for assessment, essential skills necessary for entrustment to occur must first be identified.

Objective
Using an EPA framework, our study sought to (1) define the essential skills required for entrustment for 7 bedside procedures expected of graduates of Canadian internal medicine (IM) residency programs, and (2) develop rubrics for the assessment of these procedural skills.

Methods
An initial list of essential skills was defined for each procedural EPA by focus groups of experts at 4 academic centers using the nominal group technique. These lists were subsequently vetted by representatives from all Canadian IM training programs through a web-based survey. Consensus (more than 80% agreement) about inclusion of each item was sought using a modified Delphi exercise. Qualitative survey data were analyzed using a framework approach to inform final assessment rubrics for each procedure.

Results
Initial lists of essential skills for procedural EPAs ranged from 10 to 24 items. A total of 111 experts completed the national survey. After 2 iterations, consensus was reached on all items. Following qualitative analysis, final rubrics were created, which included 6 to 10 items per procedure.

Conclusions
These EPA-based assessment rubrics represent a national consensus by Canadian IM clinician educators. They provide a practical guide for the assessment of procedural skills in a competency-based education model, and a robust foundation for future research on their implementation and evaluation.
Synchronous Ossiculoplasty with Ossicular Replacement Prosthesis during Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy for Advanced Cholesteatoma: Anatomical and Audiological Outcomes
Authors: Verma Deepak , Shareef Mohamed , Motwani Gul , Malik Noor Ul Din , Choudhary Santosha Ram 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To evaluate the anatomical and audiological outcomes of synchronous ossiculoplasty with ossicular replacement prosthesis during canal wall down mastoidectomy for advanced cholesteatoma.

Methods
The prospective study was done at a tertiary referral institute included 30 patients of cholesteatoma who underwent canal wall down mastoidectomy. Ossicular reconstruction was performed using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (teflon) partial or total ossicular replacement prosthesis. Patients were assessed at 1st, 3rd and 6th postoperative months for graft uptake and hearing evaluation using pure tone audiometry (PTA) in which air bone gap (ABG) closure and mean ABG was calculated and compared with the mean preoperative ABG.

Results
The mean ABG [both total occicular replacement prosthesis (TORP) and partial occicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) groups combined] considerably reduced from 34.33 ± 4.10 dB preoperatively to 15.47 ± 7.65 dB postoperatively at 6 months. There was a 46.29% of closure of ABG in 1st month, which closed more (53.89%) in 3rd month and even more (55.34%) in 6th postoperative month. p < 0.001 showed the ABG closure ratio and reduction in the mean ABG was statistically significant in the postoperative period.

Conclusion
Ossicular reconstruction with ossicular replacement prosthesis offers good functional results when performed during canal wall down surgery for advanced cholesteatoma, as a single-stage procedure.

How to cite this article
Shareef M, Motwani G, Verma D, Malik NUD, Choudhary SR. Synchronous Ossiculoplasty with Ossicular Replacement Prosthesis during Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy for Advanced Cholesteatoma: Anatomical and Audiological Outcomes. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(3):109-113.
Management of Traumatic Perforations of the Tympanic Membrane: A Clinical Study
Authors: Saimanohar S , Gadag Raveendra P , Subramaniam Vijayalakshmi 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
To compare the outcome of conservative management vs surgical intervention (realignment of torn edges) in traumatic perforations of the tympanic membrane (TM).

Design
Cohort study, Interventional, Observational, Prospective.

Setting
Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka.

Patients
All patients attending the Department of Otolaryngology with otological injuries.

Interventions
Patients with isolated traumatic tympanic membrane perforations without evidence of temporal bone fractures were managed either conservatively or surgically by realigning the torn edges of perforation under local anesthesia and supporting with gelfoam.

Main outcome measures
Healing of perforation, duration taken for complete healing and hearing outcome by pure tone audiometry.

Results
Perforations in patients taken up for surgical intervention healed faster. Though the difference in outcome, i.e. healed TM perforation between the 2 groups was not statistically significant, the difference in duration taken for healing was observed to be statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Minimal surgical intervention involving realignment of torn edges of perforation and supporting with gelfoam enables faster healing.

How to cite this article
Saimanohar S, Gadag RP, Subramaniam V. Management of Traumatic Perforations of the Tympanic Membrane: A Clinical Study. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(3):114-116.
Cartilage Palisade Type 1 Tympanoplasty: Anatomical and Audiological Outcomes
Authors: Verma Deepak , Lade Himani , Malik Noor Ul Din 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the anatomical (an intact tympanic membrane without atelectasis or lateralization) and audiological outcomes of type 1 cartilage palisade tympanoplasty.MethodsThe prospective study was done at a tertiary referral institute included 30 patients with mucosal type chronic otitis media requiring type 1 tympanoplasty including subtotal or total perforations and revision cases. The tympanic membrane reconstruction was done using full thickness broad cartilage palisades harvested from the tragus or concha with attached perichondrium laterally. Patients were assessed at 1st, 3rd and 6th postoperative months for assessment of graft uptake, healing of tympanic membrane and hearing evaluation using pure tone audiometry.ResultsTotal 27 out of 30 patients had fully epithelized completely healed grafts postoperatively at 1 month (success rate of 90%) while three patients had small defect. One out of these three patients showed complete healing of graft while remaining two had persistent defect at 3rd and 6th months postoperatively. The mean pure tone air bone gap considerably reduced from 33.27 ± 4.29 dB preoperatively to 12.67 ± 5.68 dB postoperatively at 6 months.ConclusionTympanic membrane reconstruction using full thickness palisades of cartilage provides good anatomical and audiological results with significant improvement of hearing specially in cases of subtotal or total perforations, revision surgery, atelectasis and Eustachian tube disorders where healing of tympanic membrane has much poorer prognosis irrespective of the surgical technique used.How to cite this articleGupta S, Lade H, Verma D, Malik NUD. Cartilage Palisade Type 1 Tympanoplasty: Anatomical and Audiological Outcomes. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(3):117-120.
Comparison of Two Protocols for Management of Placenta Accreta at a Tertiary Care Center in Pakistan
Authors: Izhar Rubina , Husain Samia , Tahir Suhaima , Husain Sonia 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To evaluate the morbidity of placenta accreta when managed by two different protocols.

Materials and methods
All women with placenta accreta coming to Abbasi Shaheed Hospital were included and divided in two groups. Group I included all women with accreta who were managed by lower segment transverse incision in the year 2013. Group II included all women whose accreta was dealt with classical incision in the year 2014. Morbidity from placenta accreta in all these cases was assessed.

Results
A total of 4220 deliveries took place during study. Placenta accrete was diagnosed in 24 cases (incidence = 0.0056%). Mean age of patients in group II was 28.58 ± 3.28 years and in group I was 29.75 ± 2.18 years. Blood products were received by 9(75%) patients in group I, and by 1(8.33%) in group II (p = 0.002). Intensive care unit admissions in group I were 75% and 25% in group II (p = 0.014). Renal sequelae occurred in 7 women in group I (58.3%) whereas none were observed in group II (p = 0.002). The mean duration of hospital stay was 9.83 ± 2.95 days in group I and 2.75 ± 1.215 days in group II.

Conclusion
Prevention of massive hemorrhage is the key factor in reducing maternal morbidity in placenta accreta cases.

Clinical significance
Dealing with accreta via midline incision in low resource settings leads to reduced morbidity.

How to cite this article
Izhar R, Husain S, Tahir S, Husain S. Comparison of Two Protocols for Management of Placenta Accreta at a Tertiary Care Center in Pakistan. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(1):18-24.
Three-dimensional data assimilation for ionospheric reference scenarios
Authors: Gerzen Tatjana , Wilken Volker , Minkwitz David , Hoque Mainul M. , Schlüter Stefan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The reliable estimation of ionospheric refraction effects is an important topic in the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) positioning and navigation domain, especially in safety-of-life applications. This paper describes a three-dimensional ionosphere reconstruction approach that combines three data sources with an ionospheric background model: space- and ground-based total electron content (TEC) measurements and ionosonde observations. First the background model is adjusted by F2 layer characteristics, obtained from space-based ionospheric radio occultation (IRO) profiles and ionosonde data, and secondly the final electron density distribution is estimated by an algebraic reconstruction technique.The method described is validated by TEC measurements of independent ground-based GNSS stations, space-based TEC from the Jason 1 and 2 satellites, and ionosonde observations. A significant improvement is achieved by the data assimilation, with a decrease in the residual errors by up to 98 % compared to the initial guess of the background. Furthermore, the results underpin the capability of space-based measurements to overcome data gaps in reconstruction areas where less GNSS ground-station infrastructure exists.
Aprendizaje-Servicio: una práctica pedagógica que promueve la participación del estudiantado para la mejora escolar y social
Authors: Mayor Paredes Domingo , Rodríguez Martínez Dolores 
Published: February 2017

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación donde se analiza cómo se concibe y materializa la participación del alumnado en las prácticas educativas de Aprendizaje-Servicio. El estudio tomó como eje de indagación un aula de primaria de un centro público, donde participaron: alumnado y maestra, alumnado y profesora de la universidad y una representante de una entidad social. Para ello se utilizó el estudio de caso como metodología de investigación y la observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis de documentos como instrumentos de recogida de información. Los hallazgos encontrados permiten constatar que las acciones de Aprendizaje-Servicio, a diferencia de las prácticas tradicionales donde al alumnado se le asigna un rol más pasivo, promueven la participación compartida, favoreciendo un rol protagónico, tanto del alumnado como del profesorado, en el devenir de la misma. A partir de los resultados alcanzados se concluye que el Aprendizaje-Servicio abre nuevos horizontes para la articulación de prácticas innovadoras que contemplan la voz de los menores como un elemento de mejora de la educación escolar y social. Todo ello se somete a discusión y se señalan nuevas perspectivas de investigación.
Investigating the English Language Structural and Rhetorical Needs of Engineering Students at King Abdul-Aziz University
Authors: Mahmoud Salameh Saleem 
Published: February 2017

This study aims at investigating the English language structural and rhetorical needs of engineering students at King Abdul-Aziz University. The instrumentation of the study is a triangulation of: a detailed analysis of the engineering students’ final and most important documents (assignments, senior projects, MS theses and PhD dissertations) in terms of the common grammar and rhetorical mistakes, semi-structured interviews with instructors in the faculty of engineering especially those teaching (X499) (a course in which graduate students develop their senior proposals), and a questionnaire based on previous literature about engineering students' structural and rhetorical needs to be filled by engineering students taking X499. The findings of the study revealed that there are many common mistakes frequently repeated by students in their writings. These findings were confirmed by the interviews with the professors teaching 499 and the results of the questionnaire. The study concluded with a recommendation that all the common mistakes in students' documents, instructors' suggestions and the common structural and rhetorical needs resulted from the questionnaire should be included in a well- designed motivating syllabus to be taught for engineering students.
The role of dapsone in refractory idiopathic granulomatous mastitis
Authors: Pelleg Ayla , Varadaraju Kirangowda Pombarahalli , Datta Swati 
Published: February 2017

Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) is a benign inflammatory breast disease. A definite etiology of IGM is still unknown. IGM classically presents as an unilateral, painful breast mass in women who are 30-40 years of age. Consensus treatment guidelines do not exist for the management of IGM. In this case report, we present a patient with IGM who was refractory to Prednisone and started on Dapsone as an alternative treatment. This case report highlights the use of Dapsone and the need for further research of IGM treatment modalities.
Financing Higher Education in Latin America
Authors: De Fanelli Ana Garcia 
Published: February 2017

Latin American countries have been enjoying a strong growth during the 2000s for the first time since the debt crisis of the 1980s. This article focuses on some of the changes that took place during these boom years with regard to public and private funds earmarked for tertiary education, some consequences of this funding pattern in terms of equity, and the main innovations in funding mechanisms put in place to allocate public funds.
Diplomacy and Education: A Changing Global Landscape
Authors: McGill Peterson Patti 
Published: February 2017

Educational diplomacy is rapidly moving beyond the realm of government sponsored initiatives to a much wider array of actors and activities. Institutions are actively developing their own brand of international relations. Governments will find it more and more difficult to dictate the nature and direction of educational diplomacy. In this baffling array of cross-border activity, senders and receivers of this kind of diplomacy need to adhere to a clear policy of mutuality if all sides are to benefit from the rising tide of global engagement.
Internationalization of Higher Education in Post-Soviet Ukraine
Authors: Kushnarenko Valentyna , Knutson Sonja 
Published: February 2017

Internationalization of Ukrainian higher education is becoming an important topic of discussion at national and institutional levels. Ukrainian universities consider internationalization as a major tool to impel much needed internal change and improve access to knowledge, research and funding across borders. Ukrainian students view international opportunities as critical to succeed in the European job market. Ukraine, an ex-USSR republic, which borders NATO and the European Union countries on the West and Russia on the East, maintains a semi-peripheral position in the international knowledge system. It tries to locate its own niche internationally and still hesitates about which developmental trajectory to follow. This paper investigates how Ukrainian universities approach the development of international outreach capacity in order to interact with potential partners on student/faculty international mobility, curriculum development, joint/dual degree initiatives, etc. Disproportionate distribution of already scarce resources, the role of historical preference towards cross-border and linguistic inclinations, and current active protests against the state government’s decision to stop the preparation process for an EU agreement emerge as important factors to shape the current Ukrainian higher education internationalization agenda.
The Importance of Demographics in Explaining Attainment Patterns
Authors: Hauptman Arthur M 
Published: February 2017

This article examines the role that demographics and population trends play in determining attainment rates in countries around the world. For the U.S., consistent increases over time in the numbers of degrees awarded have been offset by increases in birthrates among minority groups and immigration among poorly educated workers, both of which tend to depress the attainment rate. By contrast, many of the countries that have overtaken the U.S. in their higher education attainment rates have declining numbers of young adults. This means that they are educating a higher share of a declining base of workers which will have adverse effects on their ability to meet their labor force needs in the future.
When is an international branch campus?
Authors: Healey Nigel 
Published: February 2017

There are an estimated 200 international branch campuses around the world. As these campuses evolve in response to the changing regulatory and competitive environment, trying to get a clear-cut definition of an international branch campus is becoming increasingly difficult. Instead of asking ‘what is a branch campus?’ it is more interesting to consider when—at what point the operation ceases to be a foreign subsidiary of the home university in any meaningful sense.