bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of tests used to detect infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in asymptomatic pregnant women: a systematic review
Authors: Sahi Siew-Veena , Rogozińska Ewelina , Sobhy Soha , Khan Khalid S. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnancy is linked to increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, and preterm birth. Currently, PCR or DNA-based tests are the gold standard when detecting the infection; however, they are costly and require access to specialist equipment. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the accuracy of available tests to detect infection in an asymptomatic pregnant population.

Recent findings
There was evidence of the superior accuracy of nucleic acid amplification tests to cell culture in nonpregnant asymptomatic women; however, there are multiple commercial nucleic acid amplification tests with varying sensitivities and specificities. There is a gap in current literature on accuracy studies in an asymptomatic pregnant population, particularly within routine antenatal settings.

Summary
There is a need for a point-of-care test for Chlamydia in pregnancy. Future test accuracy studies for this population should aim to use a universally established reference standard. Further research should provide relevant evidence to guide practice.
Optimizing Nipple Position following Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy
Authors: Colwell Amy S. , Taylor Erin , Specht Michelle , Orringer Jay S. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
The best treatment for nipple malposition following nipple-sparing mastectomy is prevention. This article reviews basic elements for success in nipple-sparing mastectomy and offers an option to patients with grade 2–3 breast ptosis who strongly desire to preserve the nipple.

Methods:
Retrospective review identified patients undergoing nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate reconstruction.

Results:
Patient selection centered on realistic goals for postoperative breast size, nipple position, and when not to save the nipple. The choice of device considered projection and nipple centralization as equal components and led to wider, lower profile devices selectively for the first stage of reconstruction. In severe grade 2–3 nipple ptosis, an inferior vertical incision or wedge excision was used to enhance nipple position postoperatively. Eighteen consecutive patients underwent 32 implant-based breast reconstructions following nipple-sparing mastectomy with the vertical incision. The average age was 45 years old, and the average body mass index was 26.7. Direct-to-implant reconstruction was performed in 25%, whereas 75% had tissue expander-implant reconstruction. Overall complications included infection (3%) and nipple necrosis (3%) leading to explant in 1 reconstruction.

Conclusions:
The final nipple position following nipple-sparing mastectomy can be optimized with preoperative planning. The vertical incision, combined with proper patient selection and choice of device, may increase eligibility for nipple-sparing procedures in patients with grade 2–3 ptosis who desire nipple preservation.
Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination Before 3 Years of Age and Subsequent Development of Asthma
Authors: Baxter Roger P. , Lewis Ned , Fireman Bruce , Hansen John , Klein Nicola P. , Ortiz Justin R. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) are not licensed in children younger than 2 years of age because of a wheezing safety signal that has not been fully elucidated. In 2000, the Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center conducted a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT) of LAIV in children. As many of these children were still enrolled in Kaiser Permanente in 2014, we could assess the possible long-term association between LAIV and subsequent asthma diagnosis.

Methods:
We identified all children who were originally enrolled into the LAIV RCT at younger than 3 years of age. We followed up subjects until disenrollment from the health plan, a first diagnosis of asthma, or through the end of the study period in 2014. Asthma was defined by a first International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification code (493.*) assigned at an outpatient or emergency department encounter. We performed a survival analysis of time to first asthma diagnosis among children receiving LAIV or placebo with a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results:
We identified 1151 children in the original RCT who were 12 through 35 months of age at the time of enrollment and who had received 2 doses of LAIV or placebo. A total of 767 (66.7%) RCT participants were still Kaiser Permanente Northern California members in 2014. There was no evidence of differential dropout by treatment group. The hazard ratio for new-onset asthma for LAIV recipients compared with placebo was 1.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.88–1.41; P = 0.38).

Conclusions:
We found no evidence of increased risk of subsequent asthma diagnosis among children younger than 3 years of age who received LAIV compared with placebo.
Autoimmune acute liver failure and seronegative autoimmune liver disease in children: Are they different from classical disease?
Authors: Jain Vikas , Srivastava Anshu , Yachha Surender K. , Kumari Niraj , Kathuria Rachana , Sarma Moinak S. , Poddar Ujjal , Krishnani Narendra 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
Presentation as autoimmune acute liver failure (AI-ALF) and seronegative autoimmune liver disease (SN-AILD) represents two uncommon variants of AILD. We compared the clinical profile and outcome of AI-ALF with autoimmune-non-acute liver failure (AI-non-ALF) and also SN-AILD with seropositive autoimmune liver disease (SP-AILD).

Materials and methods
Children managed as AI-ALF and AI-non-ALF including SN-AILD and SP-AILD were enrolled and compared. AI-non-ALF was diagnosed by simplified diagnostic criteria and AI-ALF by Pediatric Acute Liver Failure Study Group criteria with positive autoantibody, exclusion of other etiologies, elevated immunoglobulin G and histology when available.

Results
Seventy children [AI-ALF=15 and AI-non-ALF=55 (SN-AILD=11, SP-AILD=44)] were evaluated. Age at presentation [7 (1.2–16) vs. 9 (2–17) years] percentage of female patients (67 vs. 62%), and AILD type (type II, 53 vs. 31%) were similar in AI-ALF and AI-non-ALF patients], respectively. 8/15 AI-ALF cases were treated with steroids (improved-4, liver transplant-1, and death-3) and 7/15 died before initiation of therapy. Hepatic encephalopathy (100 vs. 16.3%; P<0.001), massive hepatic necrosis (60 vs. 0%; P<0.001), and higher pediatric end-stage liver disease [n=53, 29.9 (13.1–56.9) vs. 9.8 (−10–28.7) P<0.001], model for end-stage liver disease [n=17, 38.5 (24–46) vs. 18 (6–24); P=0.005], and Child–Turcotte–Pugh [n=70, 13 (8–13) vs. 9 (5–13); P<0.001] scores were features of AI-ALF. Poorer response to immunosuppression (4/8 vs. 48/55; P=0.02) and higher mortality (11/15 vs. 4/55; P=0.0001) were seen in AI-ALF than in AI-non-ALF patients. Clinicolaboratory profile, therapeutic response, and outcome were similar in SN-AILD and SP-AILD.

Conclusion
AI-ALF is characterized by poorer liver function, lower response to immunosuppression, and higher mortality compared with SP or SN AI-non-ALF, which are similar.
The overlap of gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional constipation in children: the efficacy of constipation treatment
Authors: Baran Masallah , Cagan Appak Yeliz , Karakoyun Miray , Yalcinkaya Sevda , Eliacik Kayi , Dundar Bumin N. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
This study was designed to investigate the frequency of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children with functional constipation (FC). It was structured to assess the improvement level in reflux symptoms by measuring the acid reflux in these patients after they had received FC treatment.

Methods
Ninety-four children who suffered from constipation were evaluated prospectively. Data forms were completed to assess the GERD symptoms in all the cases. Twenty-four-hour pH meter monitoring was performed in 55 of the patients with GERD symptoms. The cases with abnormal acid reflux were treated by conventional therapy for FC. These cases were re-evaluated for GERD symptoms and weekly defecation frequency, and 24-h pH meter monitoring was performed at the end of a 3-month period.

Results
An abnormal level of acid reflux was determined in 23 of the 55 cases. After the constipation treatment, a significant improvement was achieved in the acid reflux index and GERD symptoms, whereas the weekly defecation frequency increased.

Conclusion
GERD is a frequent problem in children with FC. Treatment of the constipation can improve the reflux symptoms and abnormal acid reflux in these cases. Physicians should bear in mind the co-occurrence of these two prevalent problems for better disease management.
Investigating the Geographic Distribution of Shigellosis Among Men and Women in Massachusetts: Possible Implications for Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Goulart Michael A. , Wurcel Alysse G. , Stopka Thomas J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Shigellosis has emerged as a nontraditional sexually transmitted infection with high rates among men who have sex with men. Although anecdotal evidence has surfaced regarding shigellosis clustering among men who have sex with men in Massachusetts, little scientific research documents these occurrences. We present the first spatial distribution of shigellosis across Massachusetts.
An Application of Syndemic Theory to Identify Drivers of the Syphilis Epidemic Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Ferlatte Olivier , Salway Travis , Samji Hasina , Dove Naomi , Gesink Dionne , Gilbert Mark , Oliffe John L. , Grennan Troy , Wong Jason 
Published: September 2017

Background
We applied syndemic theory to explore the degree to which syndemic conditions explain the syphilis epidemic affecting Canadian gay and bisexual men who have sex with men (GBMSM).

Methods
Data from a national survey comprising 7872 GBMSM were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression to measure associations between recent syphilis diagnosis (RSD; in previous 12 months) and the following variables: (1) sociodemographic information (sexuality, HIV status, age, income, ethnicity, relationship status), (2) antigay stigma (bullying, physical violence, sexual violence, career discrimination, health care discrimination), (3) syndemic conditions (suicidality, intimate partner violence, depression, illicit substance use, binge drinking), (4) sexual behaviors, (5) health care discrimination, and (6) the cumulative count of antigay experiences and syndemic conditions.

Results
Three percent (n = 235) of GBMSM surveyed reported an RSD. Men were more likely to report an RSD if they were HIV positive (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 6.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.66–8.43). Recent syphilis diagnosis was also positively associated with career discrimination, health care discrimination, substance use, and intimate partner violence. Furthermore, prevalence of RSD increased with each additional form of stigma or syndemic condition. The odds of reporting RSD was 5.2 (95% CI, 1.0–25.9) times higher for men who reported experiencing all 4 forms of antigay stigma compared with those who reported no stigma, after adjusting for sociodemographics. Similarly, the adjusted odds of reporting RSD was 12.2 (95% CI, 2.0%–74.8%) times higher for GBMSM experiencing 5 syndemic conditions compared with those reporting no syndemic conditions.

Conclusions
Evidence from this large cross-sectional study suggests that the Canadian syphilis epidemic among GBMSM is being driven by a syndemic constituted by multiple social and psychological conditions. Interventions addressing specific psychosocial health outcomes that increase the risk for syphilis should be developed and integrated within targeted sexual health services and syphilis prevention initiatives.
Factors Associated With Pediatric Ventilator-Associated Conditions in Six U.S. Hospitals: A Nested Case-Control Study*
Authors: Cocoros Noelle M. , Priebe Gregory , Gray James E. , Toltzis Philip , Larsen Gitte Y. , Logan Latania K. , Coffin Susan , Sammons Julia S. , Deakins Kathleen , Horan Kelly , Lakoma Matthew , Young Jessica , Burton Michael , Klompas Michael , Lee Grace M. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
A newly proposed surveillance definition for ventilator-associated conditions among neonatal and pediatric patients has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality among ventilated patients in cardiac ICU, neonatal ICU, and PICU. This study aimed to identify potential risk factors associated with pediatric ventilator-associated conditions.

Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Setting:
Six U.S. hospitals

Patients:
Children less than or equal to 18 years old ventilated for greater than or equal to 1 day.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We identified children with pediatric ventilator-associated conditions and matched them to children without ventilator-associated conditions. Medical records were reviewed for comorbidities and acute care factors. We used bivariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression models to identify factors associated with ventilator-associated conditions. We studied 192 pairs of ventilator-associated conditions cases and matched controls (113 in the PICU and cardiac ICU combined; 79 in the neonatal ICU). In the PICU/cardiac ICU, potential risk factors for ventilator-associated conditions included neuromuscular blockade (odds ratio, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.08–4.87), positive fluid balance (highest quartile compared with the lowest, odds ratio, 7.76; 95% CI, 2.10–28.6), and blood product use (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.70–3.28). Weaning from sedation (i.e., decreasing sedation) or interruption of sedation may be protective (odds ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.18–1.11). In the neonatal ICU, potential risk factors included blood product use (odds ratio, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.02–8.78), neuromuscular blockade use (odds ratio, 3.96; 95% CI, 0.93–16.9), and recent surgical procedures (odds ratio, 2.19; 95% CI, 0.77–6.28). Weaning or interrupting sedation was protective (odds ratio, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01–0.79).

Conclusions:
In mechanically ventilated neonates and children, we identified several possible risk factors associated with ventilator-associated conditions. Next steps include studying propensity-matched cohorts and prospectively testing whether changes in sedation management, transfusion thresholds, and fluid management can decrease pediatric ventilator-associated conditions rates and improve patient outcomes.
The Americleft Project: A Modification of Asher-McDade Method for Rating Nasolabial Esthetics in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Using Q-sort
Authors: Stoutland Alicia , Long Ross E. , Mercado Ana , Daskalogiannakis John , Hathaway Ronald R. , Russell Kathleen A. , Singer Emily , Semb Gunvor , Shaw William C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate ways to improve rater reliability and satisfaction in nasolabial esthetic evaluations of patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), by modifying the Asher-McDade method with use of Q-sort methodology. Blinded ratings of cropped photographs of one hundred forty-nine 5- to 7-year-old consecutively treated patients with complete UCLP from 4 different centers were used in a rating of frontal and profile nasolabial esthetic outcomes by 6 judges involved in the Americleft Project's intercenter outcome comparisons. Four judges rated in previous studies using the original Asher-McDade approach. For the Q-sort modification, rather than projection of images, each judge had cards with frontal and profile photographs of each patient and rated them on a scale of 1 to 5 for vermillion border, nasolabial frontal, and profile, using the Q-sort method with placement of cards into categories 1 to 5. Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were calculated using the Weighted Kappa (95% confidence interval). For 4 raters, the reliabilities were compared with those in previous studies. There was no significant improvement in inter-rater reliabilities using the new method. Intrarater reliability consistently improved. All raters preferred the Q-sort method with rating cards rather than a PowerPoint of photos, which improved internal consistency in rating compared to previous studies using the original Asher-McDade method. All raters preferred this method because of the ability to continuously compare photos and adjust relative ratings between patients.
Mandibular Surgical Navigation: An Innovative Guiding Method
Authors: Abbate Vincenzo , Orabona Giovanni Dell’ Aversana , Solari Domenico , Bonavolontà Paola , Iaconetta Giorgio , Califano Luigi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Mandibular osteotomies are usually required to treat craniomaxillofacial disorders. Losses of mandibular continuity result in esthetic and functional deficiency. During the past 30 years, the spread of the computer-assisted surgery techniques, rapid prototyping, and surgical navigation technique has improved the reliability and the outcomes of mandibular resections and reconstructions, by providing realtime feedback to surgeon. Recent studies reported the feasibility and the precision of surgical navigation applied to mandibular surgical resection and reconstruction with fibula flap but none of them describes a method to navigate the jaw allowing its full motility during the operation. To our knowledge, this is the first-time description of such a kind of method to navigate the jaw positioning the dynamic reference frame directly on the mandibular branch to maintain the full mobility of the mandible. The method described in our series has allowed an accurate surgical navigation of the jaw without the need of intermaxillary fixation. This technique could greatly facilitate resection and reconstructive surgical procedures of the jaw while ensuring precision and accuracy. The encouraging results obtained in the present report suggest to further investigate the possibilities of this technique to better define the method and its indications.
Does Fat Grafting Influence Postoperative Edema in Orthognathic Surgery?
Authors: Cabrejo Raysa , DeSesa Christopher R. , Sawh-Martinez Rajendra , Steinbacher Derek M. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
Autologous fat grafting is a useful adjunctive procedure to orthognathic surgery and may also confer anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study is to answer the clinical question: among patients undergoing orthognathic operations, what are the effects of fat grafting on facial edema (magnitude, duration, and rate of decrease)?

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was performed. Three-dimensional photos (Canfield, Fairfield, NJ) from preoperative and a series of postprocedure time-points were analyzed. The data set was divided into a fat-grafted cohort and a non-fat-grafted cohort and later analyzed using paired and unpaired t tests and linear regressions to determine significant correlations.

Results:
One hundred sixteen pre- and postoperative three-dimensional photo data sets were included. The sample included 29 subjects. The facial volume was analyzed both overall and comparing each subgroup (orthognathic vs. orthognathic + fat grafting group). Postoperative facial volume increase averaged 23.7% for the entire cohort (FG and nFG). By week 12, the swelling decreased about 62% from baseline. In all patients, there was a statistically significant decrease in facial volume with time. In the fat-grafted group, despite adding volume, the facial volume was equal to the non-fat-grafted group at week 1, yet the rate of decrease was faster through week 12.

Conclusion:
The majority of postoperative facial edema decreases by 12 weeks following orthognathic surgery. In this cohort of patients, despite the addition of volume, concurrent fat grafting lessened postoperative edema, and led to a greater magnitude and speed of resolution.
Tear Trough Deformity: Study of Filling Procedures for Its Correction
Authors: Pascali Michele , Quarato Davide , Pagnoni Marco , Carinci Francesco 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The aim of this work is to discuss the anatomy of the tear trough region with relative danger areas, and to describe 2 different options to correct this deformity.
The tear trough is a concave deformity of the orbital fat that is noticeable as a result of inherited anatomic differences and aging. However, the periorbital region is a complex area with its own septa and ligaments, fat compartments, muscles, vascularization, and lymphatic drainage and presents anatomic characteristics that must be taken into account in order to achieve good results and avoid complications.
The use of hyaluronic acid gel or autologous fat for soft tissue correction is a good option.
A total of 96 patients with periorbital hollowing were divided into 2 groups; each group received a different treatment, from December of 2013 to December of 2015, with hyaluronic- or lipo-filling.
Interobserver Consistency of Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy in Diagnosing Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using a VOTE Classification System
Authors: Altintaş Ahmet , Yegin Yakup , Çelik Mustafa , Kaya Kamil Hakan , Koç Arzu Karaman , Kayhan Fatma Tülin 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
To explore the interobserver consistency of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and review the current literature.

Methods:
In total, 55 patients with an apnea–hypopnea index >5, as determined by on overnight sleep study, were included in this study, 45 males and 10 females, with an average age of 46.87 ± 10.06 years old (range, 19–71). For all OSAS patients, DISE was performed by the same surgeon, which was recorded digitally. The video recordings of DISE were evaluated independently by 3 experienced surgeons who were asked to note his or her decisions as the pattern, site, and degree of upper airway collapse using a VOTE (velum, oropharynx lateral wall, tongue base, and the epiglottis) classification system.

Results:
Interobserver consistency in the diagnosis of velum-related obstruction in anteroposterior, lateral, and concentric configurations ranged from poor to good. Only significant interobserver consistency among observers A and B was obtained in the diagnosis of oropharynx-related obstruction in the lateral configuration (concordance 60.0%, kappa: 0.365, P < 0.05). Interobserver consistency in the diagnosis of the tongue-related collapse in an anteroposterior configuration, the epiglottis-related collapse in an anteroposterior and lateral configuration ranged from fair to moderate (all kappa values >0.20, all P values < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Our data suggested that the interobserver consistency of DISE ranged from poor to good. Therefore, further studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to standardize DISE procedures, training, and interpretation.
Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease Type 1A: Influence of Body Mass Index on Nerve Conduction Studies and on the Charcot–Marie–Tooth Examination Score
Authors: Jerath Nivedita U. , Shy Michael E. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease type 1A (CMT1A) is caused by a duplication of the peripheral myelin protein gene 22 at chromosome 17p11.2-12. There is limited data regarding whether body mass index (BMI) affects electrophysiological or clinical data in those with CMT1A.

Methods:
Electrophysiological data, the Charcot–Marie–Tooth examination score (CMTES) and BMI from 101 patients with known CMT1A were obtained and analyzed.

Results:
When controlling for age, a higher BMI does not affect ulnar motor nerve conduction studies in those with CMT1A, but rather components of the CMTES (loss of pinprick and motor strength in the lower extremities).

Conclusions:
BMI and clinical components of the CMTES are correlated, but it is uncertain which came first—whether the loss of lower extremity pinprick sensation and motor strength results in a higher BMI or if higher BMI results in these signs.