bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiology of Salinity and Water Origin, the Main Dilemma of Badab Sourt, a Unique Travertine Spring
Authors: Bagheri Rahim , Jafari Hadi , Bagheri Fatemeh 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBadab Sourt travertine‐depositing springs in the north of Iran, naturally create a unique surreal landscape containing a range of stepped travertine terraces, similarly found only in a few other places on earth. This site comprises of three travertine saline springs with different values of salinity and discharge (SP1, SP2, and SP3) and one non‐travertine fresh karstic spring (SP4) within a distance of about 300 m. The etiology behind this salinity and the water origin are the main research's dilemma that were investigated using geological, hydrochemical, and stable isotopic techniques. Based on the topography and isotopic results, the carbonate formations in northern (Khoshyeilagh and Mobarak) and southern (Cretaceous limestone) parts of the springs potentially provide the initial hydraulic gradient for deep circulation of the water and CO2. However, geological studies indicate that the hydraulic connectivity of the Cretaceous formation to the travertine springs is interrupted by impermeable geological formations. Based on the proposed conceptual hydrogeological model and mass balance calculations, the SP4 spring is locally recharged from the nearby karstic area of Khoshyeilagh formation through shallow, short and steep groundwater flow circulation that is completely different from the travertine springs. The travertine spring (SP1) is recharged from more distant areas having higher altitudes on Mobarak and Khoshyeilagh limestone and circulate more deeply before emerging on the surface. The SP2 and SP3 springs can derive from the mixing of the saline water (SP1) and fresh water (SP4). The dissolution of interlayers of halite in Shemshak formation is concluded as the main source of salinity. This is the first research article in detail to survey hydrogeology of the travertine springs in Iran.
Are there electoral cycles of emigration? An empirical investigation based on European data
Authors: Mourão Paulo Reis , Ercolano Salvatore , Gaeta Giuseppe Lucio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEconomic literature suggests that economic factors and the availability of amenities act as determinants of migration choices together with socio‐demographic factors. Migration has also been found to be the consequence of political instability. This article argues that specific political events, i.e., democratic elections, may be linked to migration flows. By using European data over the 1999‐2012 time period, our system GMM estimations reveal that there is an emigration political cycle across European democracies and across the young democracies of Central and Eastern European countries. We observe that regular elections tend to diminish emigration ratios, whereas endogenous elections have the opposite effect. These results suggest special challenges for governments and oppositions, which are also discussed.
In which preterm labor‐patients is intravenous maintenance tocolysis effective?
Authors: Yoneda Satoshi , Yoneda Noriko , Fukuta Kaori , Shima Tomoko , Nakashima Akitoshi , Shiozaki Arihiro , Yoshino Osamu , Kigawa Mika , Yoshida Taketoshi , Saito Shigeru 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimWe evaluated whether maintenance tocolysis (intravenous ritodrine hydrochloride and/or magnesium sulfate) was effective in cases of spontaneous preterm labor with intact membranes.MethodsOne hundred and thirty preterm labor patients who reached 36 weeks of gestation by maintenance tocolysis were selected. Immediate delivery (ID) after ceasing maintenance tocolysis was defined as an ‘effective case’. The correlated factors between ID and no immediate delivery (NID) were statistically analyzed.ResultsThirty‐six patients delivered < two days after ceasing maintenance tocolysis (27.7%) and were defined as effective cases. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that amniotic fluid interleukin‐8 at admission (≥ 2.3 ng/mL; odds ratio [OR] 5.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–17.6; P < 0.001), pre‐pregnancy body mass index (≤ 21.4; OR 5.3, 95% CI 2.0–16.2; P < 0.001) and cerclage (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.1–11.8; P = 0.028) were independent factors correlated with ID (< 2 days).ConclusionMaintenance tocolysis may be effective in limited cases with mild intra‐amniotic inflammation, in lean women and in cerclage cases. Maintenance tocolysis should be ceased in cases without these clinical factors when clinical symptoms disappear.
The Development of Nonanatomic Denture Occlusion – Part I
Authors: Engelmeier Robert L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPart I of this two‐part article concentrates on the early 20th century origin of the nonanatomic concept of complete denture occlusion. It focuses on Dr. Victor Sears, who in 1922 made a courageous departure from convention when he introduced the design for his “Chewing Members.” Development of these teeth marked the birth of the School of Nonanatomic Denture Occlusion. Dr. Sears’ 35‐year journey of research and development is traced here through his mid‐1950s association with Dr. Simon Myerson. Their Myerson‐Sears design set the standard for flat‐planed, nonanatomic denture teeth for the next half century.
Estimating chronic hepatitis C prognosis using transient elastography‐based liver stiffness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Erman A. , Sathya A. , Nam A. , Bielecki J. M. , Feld J. J. , Thein H‐H. , Wong W. W. L. , Grootendorst P. , Krahn M. D. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryChronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a leading cause of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. The level of fibrosis is traditionally established by histology, and prognosis is estimated using fibrosis progression rates (FPRs; annual probability of progressing across histological stages). However, newer noninvasive alternatives are quickly replacing biopsy. One alternative, transient elastography (TE), quantifies fibrosis by measuring liver stiffness (LSM). Given these developments, the purpose of this study was (i) to estimate prognosis in treatment‐naïve CHC patients using TE‐based liver stiffness progression rates (LSPR) as an alternative to FPRs and (ii) to compare consistency between LSPRs and FPRs. A systematic literature search was performed using multiple databases (January 1990 to February 2016). LSPRs were calculated using either a direct method (given the difference in serial LSMs and time elapsed) or an indirect method given a single LSM and the estimated duration of infection and pooled using random‐effects meta‐analyses. For validation purposes, FPRs were also estimated. Heterogeneity was explored by random‐effects meta‐regression. Twenty‐seven studies reporting on 39 groups of patients (N = 5874) were identified with 35 groups allowing for indirect and 8 for direct estimation of LSPR. The majority (~58%) of patients were HIV/HCV‐coinfected. The estimated time‐to‐cirrhosis based on TE vs biopsy was 39 and 38 years, respectively. In univariate meta‐regressions, male sex and HIV were positively and age at assessment, negatively associated with LSPRs. Noninvasive prognosis of HCV is consistent with FPRs in predicting time‐to‐cirrhosis, but more longitudinal studies of liver stiffness are needed to obtain refined estimates.
A systematic review of the relationship between weight status perceptions and weight loss attempts, strategies, behaviours and outcomes
Authors: Haynes A. , Kersbergen I. , Sutin A. , Daly M. , Robinson E. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIt is commonly assumed that a person identifying that they are ‘overweight’ is an important prerequisite to successful weight management. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of evidence supporting this proposition. The aim of the present research was to systematically review evidence on the relationship between perceived overweight and (i) weight loss attempts, (ii) weight control strategies (healthy and unhealthy), (iii) weight‐related behaviours (physical activity and eating habits), (iv) disordered eating and (v) weight change. We synthesized evidence from 78 eligible studies and evaluated evidence linking perceived overweight with outcome variables separately according to the gender, age and objective weight status of study participants. Results indicated that perceived overweight was associated with an increased likelihood of attempting weight loss and with healthy and unhealthy weight control strategies in some participant groups. However, perceived overweight was not reliably associated with physical activity or healthy eating and was associated with greater disordered eating in some groups. Rather than being associated with improved weight management, there was consistent evidence that perceived overweight was predictive of increased weight gain over time. Individuals who perceive their weight status as overweight are more likely to report attempting weight loss but over time gain more weight.
The obesity supine death syndrome (OSDS)
Authors: Lemyze M. , Guiot A. , Mallat J. , Thevenin D. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe obesity supine death syndrome refers to a catastrophic cascade of cardiorespiratory complications resulting from the supine positioning of a morbidly obese subject which can ultimately lead to death. It was first described in 1977 in two massively obese patients who were forced to lie down for medical procedures. But surprisingly, despite the current worldwide epidemic of obesity, very few cases have been reported yet. It can be assumed that the syndrome is poorly recognized in clinical practice and may participate in the high rate of unexplained death in morbidly obese patients. Based on the previously published cases and on those we met, this review aims at helping clinicians to early detect at‐risk patients, to correctly diagnose this dramatic syndrome and to understand the underlying pathophysiology. More importantly, the main objective is to convince the attending clinicians that they have to do everything in their power to prevent obesity supine death syndrome occurrence by maintaining morbidly obese patients in the sitting or upright position whenever possible. When the syndrome unfortunately occurs, the best therapeutic approach is based on the immediate return to sitting position.
Retained Asset Accounts and Creditor Reactions to an A.M. Best Change
Authors: Bisco Jill , McCullough Kathleen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA variety of research has investigated the impact of rating changes on stakeholder and firm behavior. This article provides a unique setting to analyze the effect for both stock and mutual firms and with a class of nontraditional investors, owners of retained asset accounts (RAAs). These individuals become creditors of the insurer upon receipt of life insurance proceeds, which are held in the general accounts of the insurer. The funds receive limited guaranty fund and no Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation protection, thus subjecting the owner to the financial risk of the insurer. Some owners of RAAs may not understand the risk; thus, it is unclear if these owners act as other creditors to changes in the financial stability of the insurer. This provides a setting to analyze reaction to firm risk, as reflected in ratings changes, to stakeholders other than stockholders or customers. We find that RAA owners do act in a manner consistent with traditional investors. Specifically, we find that abnormal retention in the RAAs indicates significant declines in the level of accounts open and funds deposited in the year following a threshold downgrade (falling below an A–) of the A.M. Best rating.
Ski and snowboard school programs: Injury surveillance and risk factors for grade‐specific injury
Authors: Sran R. , Djerboua M. , Romanow N. , Mitra T. , Russell K. , White K. , Goulet C. , Emery C. , Hagel B. 
Published: December 2017

The objective of our study was to evaluate incidence rates and profile of school program ski and snowboard‐related injuries by school grade group using a historical cohort design. Injuries were identified via Accident Report Forms completed by ski patrollers. Severe injury was defined as those with ambulance evacuation or recommending patient transport to hospital. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the school grade group‐specific injury rates adjusting for risk factors (sex, activity, ability, and socioeconomic status) and accounting for the effect of clustering by school. Forty of 107 (37%) injuries reported were severe. Adolescents (grades 7‐12) had higher crude injury rates (91 of 10 000 student‐days) than children (grades 1‐3: 25 of 10 000 student‐days; grades 4‐6: 65 of 10 000 student‐days). Those in grades 1‐3 had no severe injuries. Although the rate of injury was lower in grades 1‐3, there were no statistically significant grade group differences in adjusted analyses. Snowboarders had a higher rate of injury compared with skiers, while higher ability level was protective. Participants in grades 1‐3 had the lowest crude and adjusted injury rates. Students in grades 7‐12 had the highest rate of overall and severe injuries. These results will inform evidence‐based guidelines for school ski/snowboard program participation by school‐aged children.
Research on physical disability in sociological social psychology: The state of the field and future directions
Authors: Lucas Jeffrey W. , Greenberg Mollie , Beavan Kelly 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe discuss the state of the research literature on physical disability in sociology, focusing particularly on social psychology. We first trace the history of treatments of disability in the field, noting a movement from a medical model that located disability in the individual to a social model that recognizes physical disability as an important social characteristic that is both produced by and has important consequences for social interactions. We then summarize contemporary research, identifying areas in which sociological research tends to be located, particularly in critical approaches, health‐related outcomes, and stigma. Finally, we discuss areas in which more research on physical disability would be fruitful. We believe that research on group processes, intersectionality, and identity would each especially benefit from greater attention to physical disability.
Nuevas formas de resistencia transnacional: la lucha Awá, 2009-2014
Authors: Aguilar Gómez Danna Carolina , Cruz Medina Jefferson José , Sánchez Vargas Juan David , Torres Chaves Sergio Esteban 
Published: December 2017

<p>El presente texto pretende comprender cómo se ha desarrollado el proceso de resistencia y lucha del pueblo indígena Awá en el plano internacional, frente a las problemáticas ligadas con el conflicto armado interno colombiano en el período comprendido entre 2009 y 2014. Para alcanzar este propósito fue indispensable la realización de un trabajo de campo con la comunidad Awá en el corregimiento de Llorente, San Andrés de Tumaco (departamento de Nariño), en el que se pusieron en práctica técnicas de recolección de la información como entrevistas grupales a líderes de la comunidad que aportaron a la construcción de este escrito. De esta manera, el estudio evidencia que la lucha del pueblo indígena Awá por la defensa de sus derechos ha estado mediada por la creación de redes transnacionales de defensa y la instrumentalización subalterna del derecho internacional en un contexto en el que la estrategia política de internalización de la causa indígena ha tomado vuelo.</p>
Dossier temático: Terapias innovadoras y tendencias de tratamiento en Odontología / Thematic Dossier: Innovative Therapies and Treatment Trends in Dentistry
Authors: Rivera Barrero Jaime Rodrigo , Allen Lengua Samuel Alejandro , Hirschhaut Miguel , Gutiérrez Prieto Sandra Janeth 
Published: December 2017

RESUMEN. En este editorial, cuatro destacados especialistas latinoamericanos, quienes sirvieron como editores invitados, introducen el dossier Terapias Innovadoras y tendencias de Tratamiento en Odontología. Los autores presentan un panorama de los avances que han tenido las ciencias biomédicas, particularmente en odontología, desde las ciencias básicas aplicadas, la biotecnología y los materiales dentales. Adicionalmente, listan los temas generales de los artículos que contiene el dossier. ABSTRACT. In this editorial, four outstanding Latin American specialists, who served as guess editors, introduce the dossier “Innovative Therapies and Treatment Trends in Dentistry.” The authors show a panorama of advances among biomedical sciences, particularly in dentistry, from the perspective of applied sciences, biotechnology, and dental materials. In addition, they list the main topics of the articles included in the dossier.
BICAO-induced ischaemia caused depressive-like behaviours and caspase-8/-9-dependent brain regional neural cell apoptosis in mice
Authors: Liu Shuiqiao , Han Song , Dai Qingqing , Li Shujuan , Li Junfa 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionCerebral ischaemia-induced depression is among the most frequent neuropsychiatric consequences and adversely impact the prognosis and recovery of patients. Although several brain regions have been implied in the development of ischaemia-induced depression, the brain region-specific neural cell apoptosis pathways have not been clarified yet.MethodsIn this study, bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion (BICAO) mouse model was established to induce cerebral ischaemia. Sucrose preference, tail suspension and forced swim tests were conducted on mice at 7, 21 and 30 days after BICAO treatment. In addition, brain regional ischaemic neuron loss was investigated by using immunofluorescent staining of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and caspase-8/-9-dependent cell apoptosis was also examined by western blot analysis.ResultsBICAO-induced cerebral ischaemia resulted in decreased sucrose preference and increased immobility times, which were representative depressive-like behaviours of mice until 30 days after BICAO treatment compared with Sham-operated mice. This outcome was associated with significant neuron loss by using immunofluorescent staining and increased cleavage levels of pro-caspase-3/-8/-9, but not pro-caspase-12, by western blot analysis in hypothalamus, midbrain, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice.ConclusionsThis study showed that BICAO-induced ischaemia caused depressive-like behaviours and caspase-8/-9-dependent neural cell apoptosis in several brain regions, including hypothalamus and midbrain of mice.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Barriers to Kidney Transplant Evaluation among Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Jones Derek , You Zhiying , Kendrick Jessica B. 
Published: December 2017

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Only a small percentage of dialysis patients receive a transplant and this is particularly the case for racial/ethnic minorities. Our objective was to identify barriers to initial transplant evaluation in our dialysis centers.<b><i> Methods:</i></b> We conducted a survey of adult hemodialysis patients from 4 dialysis units in the Denver Metro area in 2016. Participants completed an 11-item survey with demographic information and questions regarding time on dialysis, if a provider ever spoke to them about transplant, and whether they had been evaluated for a transplant. Reasons for not having an evaluation were explored. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analyses, and multivariate analyses were used to examine the responses.<b><i> Results:</i></b> A total of 167 patients completed the survey (response rate 63.9%). The majority of participants were male and were Hispanic (49%) or Non-Hispanic black (31.7%). Of these, 140 patients (84.0%) reported discussing kidney transplantation with their doctor but only 53% reported having a transplant evaluation. After adjustment for age, gender, and time on dialysis, significantly fewer blacks reported having an evaluation than Non-Hispanic whites or Hispanics (43.4 vs. 57.7% [whites] and 59.7% [Hispanics], <i>p</i> = 0.03). The most frequent responses of the patients who had not been evaluated were the following: not referred by their provider (46%), did not know how to proceed (43.4%), or did not understand the benefits (39.5%) or transplant process (38.2%). Compared to Non-Hispanic whites, blacks and Hispanics reported less understanding of the benefits and process of transplant. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Timely referral by providers and improved kidney transplantation education may reduce disparities in access to kidney transplantation.
Specialize and Diversify
Authors: Denig Lynne , Dunn Phyllis 
Published: December 2017

Dr. Lynne Day Denig wrote to AST from Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, where her husband is on post with the US Foreign Service. She studied violin and pedagogy with Donald Portnoy (WW Univ.), Raul Rolland (Univ. of Illinois) and earned a doctorate with Leopold LaFosse at the University of Iowa. Her Suzuki training was with Joellyn Keranen and Ronda Cole. She has taught at Northern Michigan University-Marquette, has been a Rolland Clinician, and over the last 14 years has taught students from age three to more than 70, at all levels of proficiency. Lynne travels each month to Belgrade to teach her students there, and has given two recitals in the city. In the fall of 1983 she gave what was probably the country's first presentation of the Suzuki Method. She hopes to give more concerts of American music throughout Yugoslavia.
Statenotes
Authors: Meitzer Eugenia 
Published: December 2017

Editor's Note: We would like to communicate what's happening in our state units for all members to appreciate. Special activities, awards, news, events, etc. will be noted here, as space and time allow. Do send your state newsletter to the AST editor's office: PO Box 49-0039, Key Biscayne, FL 33149. [J.A.]
Chamber Music Forum: Interpretive Philosophy and the Beethoven Quartets
Authors: Katz Paul 
Published: December 2017

Editor's note: It is with great enthusiasm that I begin my association with AMERICAN STRING TEACHER. It seems to me we are living in an Age of Chamber Music, a time of enormously vital professional and educational activity. I hope in the issues ahead to solicit articles that will contribute to the continued growth and excellence of the field. In such a dynamic environment the possibilities for Chamber Music Forum topics are endless: I would appreciate hearing from the readership as to your particular interests and needs.
Guitar Forum: The Flute, Viola, Guitar Trio: Its History, Literature and Performance
Authors: Hensley Douglas 
Published: December 2017

Douglas Hensley has been an active chamber musician ever since he took up serious study of the classical guitar. He received bachelor and master's degrees under the direction of David Tanenbaum from the San Francisco Conservatory of Music and he has studied with many other musicians in private lessons and master classes. Over the past ten years he has premiered close to fifty new compositions, performed numerous U.S. premieres and the West Coast premiere of Elliott Carter's “Changes” for solo guitar. For Opus One Records in New York he has recorded Larry Polansky's “Hensley Variations” and David Loeb's “Trois Cansos” with flautist Kenneth Kramer and violist John Casten. He has also recorded a collection of duets with Japanese shakuhachi master Masayuka Koga, “Autumn Mist,” for Fortuna Records of Novato, California. His principal activities are as cofounder (with violist/violinist John Casten) and guitarist of the San Francisco-based contemporary performance ensemble ISKRA, which is made up of flute, clarinet, guitar, violin/viola, doublebass and soprano voice. Anyone with additional information about flute, viola, guitar trios (or other chamber music with guitar), or queries, is urged to contact him at 607-A Frederick St., San Francisco, CA 94117.