bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanically Tunable Nanophotonic Devices
Authors: Park W. , Schonbrun E. , Tinker M. , Wu Q. , Lee J.-B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe report a novel tunable nanophotonic device concept based on Mechanically Controlled Photonic Crystal (MCPC), which is comprised of a periodic array of high index dielectric material and a low index polymer. Tunability is achieved by applying mechanical force with nano-/micro-electron-mechanical system actuators. The mechanical stress induces changes in the periodicity of the photonic crystal, to which the photonic band structure is extremely sensitive. This consequently produces tunability much greater than that achievable by electro-optic materials such as liquid crystal. Our theoretical investigations revealed that we could achieve dynamic beam steering over a wide range of angles up to 75° with only 10% mechanical stretching. We also predicted tunable sub-wavelength imaging in which we could tune the frequency response and focal length of negative index PC lens. For experimental demonstration, we fabricated the PC structures on Si-on-insulator substrates. Optical characterizations clearly showed the anticipated negative refraction in which the incident beam was refracted back to the side it was incident. The experimental demonstration of negative refraction at optical frequencies in a Si-based photonic crystal structure is a significant step toward the next-generation nanophotonics.
Clinical study of open versus laparoscopic management for gastroduodenal perforation
Authors: Ullah Sami , Uddin Warda Mohay , Iqbal Zafar , Ullah Irfan , Iqbal M. Asad , Jie Wang , Sun Wang , Dong Tong , Daorong Wang 
Published: April 2017

Background: This study was organized to compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic and open repair of gastroduodenal perforation, and to provide the impressive surgical method of treatment for gastroduodenal perforation.Methods: The present study was conducted with 174 consecutive patients treated for gastroduodenal perforations. These patients included 121 with perforated gastric ulcers, 53 with perforated duodenal ulcers, Whereas 31 patients were treated laparoscopically, and 143 patients underwent conventional (open) surgery.Results: A total of 174 patients were studied with men and women ratio of 4:1. This observational study revealed 80% male preponderance, with mean age of 48 years. Gastric perforations (n=77, i.e., 84.62%) were more common than duodenal perforations (n=14, i.e., 15.38%). Simple closure with omental patch (n=74, i.e., 81.32%) was the most common surgical method for duodenal perforation. While for gastric perforations were repaired primarily with two layered sutures. The mean operating time of open were 61 min and 86 min for laparoscopic surgery. Wound infection was the commonest post-operative complication which was seen in 31 (17.81%) patients.Conclusions: Laparoscopic gastroduodenal perforation repair is safe and reliable, has good clinical efficacy, the incidence of complications compared with open surgery does not increase, and has less surgical trauma, less bleeding, advantages of fast recovery of gastrointestinal function and short hospitalization time, Thus it has great clinical significance and should be promoted in surgery.
Urinary tract infection in children: clinical aspects and utility of urine dipstick test
Authors: Mod Harsh K. , Jeeyani Hetal N. , Shah Bhairavi M. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common genitourinary disease in children and accounts for significant morbidity. To prevent the potentially dangerous sequel, early detection of UTI in childhood is essential. This depends entirely on strong clinical suspicion and urine culture report. Recently, advances in investigations are taking place to diagnose UTI rapidly. Urine dipstick is one such bedside method to diagnose UTI. This study aims at studying the clinical features of UTI and evaluating sensitivity and specificity of urine dipstick in diagnosing UTI.Methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Vadodara from January 2013 to June 2014, on 60 children admitted with clinical suspicion of urinary tract infection. Along with study of clinical features, results of urine dipstick tests (Nitrite and Leukocyte esterase), urine microscopy and urine culture were compared. Accuracy of urine dipstick tests was assessed statistically by evaluating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values considering urine culture as a gold standard.Results: Fever was found to be the most common presenting features (53%) in all the patients studied. The sensitivity of urine microscopy, Nitrite test and Leucocyte esterase test was 63.5%, 50% and 61% and specificity was 25%, 31% and 25% respectively. Combination of Nitrite and Leucocyte Esterase test had an improved sensitivity (68%).Conclusions: Urinary tract infection can present with variety of non-specific signs and symptoms especially in younger age. Dipstick test using Leucocyte Esterase and Nitrite together is better than urine microscopic examination alone. Urine culture as a confirmatory test still remains gold standard.
Clinical profile and outcome of Henoch Schonlein purpura in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Abbas Shanavas , S. Geetha , R.V. Deepthi , Kamar Jubin , Uthup Susan 
Published: April 2017

Background: Henoch Schonlein purpura (HSP) is the most common systemic vasculitis in children. It is an immunoglobulin A (IgA) mediated systemic small-vessel vasculitis, with IgA deposition in vessel walls leading to symptoms involving the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys. The objective of present study was to identify and describe the clinical profile, pattern of joint involvement, histopathological features, treatment modalities and complications of Henoch Schonlein purpura.Methods: 52 children less than 12 years diagnosed to have Henoch Schonlein Purpura according to the European League against Rheumatism criteria were included in the study. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking and thorough examination. The clinical features, investigations, management and complications of the disease were studied. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the results.Results: The common clinical features were palpable purpura (100%) followed by arthritis (66%) and abdominal pain (50%). Renal manifestations were in the form of hematuria in 12% of the patients. Skin biopsy was done in 25 patients of which 19 had findings suggestive of Henoch Schonlein purpura. Steroids were used in 42% of patients. The severity of illness was associated with lower mean age, arthritis, leg edema and stool occult blood.Conclusions: The clinical features of Henoch Schonlein purpura in the population were different from the previously published studies. Renal involvement was less common. The short-term outcome of the patients were satisfactory.
A study on profile of poisoning in pediatric population
Authors: Devaranavadagi Ranganatha A. , Patel Shruthi , Shankar Poornima 
Published: April 2017

Background: Children are curious and explore their world with all their senses. As a result, surroundings can be a dangerous place when poisonous substances are inadvertently ingested - every year millions of calls are made to poison control centres when this happens and thousands of children are admitted to emergency departments. Poisoning patterns change according to age group, the nature and dose of the poison, type of exposure. This study is aimed at understanding the incidence, aetiology and manner of poisoning, outcome among children less than 18 years admitted to Paediatric department KIMS.Methods: Prospectively, 38 poisoning cases admitted to Paediatric intensive care, KIMS Bangalore from August 2015 to July 2016 were included in this study. The age and sex of the patient, poisoning agent, manner of poisoning, duration of hospital stay and outcome of all the patients were recorded and analysed.Results: Out of 38, 16 (42%) are males, 22 (58%) are females. 13 (34%) cases are <5years of age, 2(5%) cases are between 5-10 year, 23 (61%) cases are above 10 years. Among all, 13 (34%) cases of drugs consumption, among these 11 cases were above 10 years representing purposeful consumption. 5 (13%) cases of kerosene consumption. Out 4 (11%) cases of Organophosphorous poison, 3 cases are above 10 years representing purposeful consumption. 4 (10%) cases of acid consumption. 4 (11%) cases of aluminium phosphide poisoning. 3 (8%) cases of Good night oil consumption. 2 (5%)cases of eucalyptus oil consumption. 3(8%) cases of camphor poisoning. 2 (5%) cases died due to aluminium phosphide poisoning. Duration of hospital stay varied from 1 day to 6 days. Conclusions: Accidental poisoning is common in children below 5 years of age. Suicidal poison incidence is increasing among teenagers either due to exam stress or peer pressure. Accidental poisoning can be reduced by simple measures like parental education, replacing the poisoning agent with one of lower toxicity, legislation regarding the child resistant packaging of necessary poisons.
Duncan Pedersen y el estudio integral de la Salud Mental Global
Authors: Alarcón-Guzmán Renato D. 
Published: April 2017

Salud Mental Global (SMG), en tanto que conceptualización relativamente reciente de aspectos teóricos, clínicos y heurísticos de la enfermedad mental, su etiopatogenia, variantes y modalidades de manejo desde la perspectiva de salud pública a lo largo del mundo, es materia de esta breve revisión. Su elaboración se basa fundamentalmente en las contribuciones de Duncan Pedersen, renombrado psiquiatra, antropólogo e investigador argentino-canadiense, docente de la Universidad de McGill y autor de numerosos estudios en el Perú y en varios otros países, recientemente fallecido. Su afronte enfatizó enfoques objetivos en el uso de recursos propios o locales combinados, con sello genuinamente humanístico, con avances científicos, tecnológicos y financieros y programas de justicia social. Trauma y sus numerosas secuelas globales a nivel físico, emocional, individual y colectivo, constituyó un factorprimum inter pares de este enfoque,conduciendo luego a hallazgos de psicopatologías adicionales, comprobaciones epidemiológicas y discrepancias a veces insalvables con las concepciones de la medicina de Occidente. Modalidades culturales de manejo, estudio de temas tales como tratamiento inter- y multidisciplinario, renovación de conceptoséticos, resiliencia y otros dentro y más allá de factores neurobiologicos inducirán soluciones sistemáticas y sostenibles a los problemas actuales y futuros de la SMG.
Monoparesia motora pura braquial como manifestación de infarto cerebral cardioembólico: Reporte de un caso
Authors: Yachi-Fierro Yanet , Abanto-Argomedo Carlos , Ecos-Quispe Rosa L. , Novoa-Mosquera María E. , Calle la Rosa Pilar , Núñez-Alcántara Nátali V. , Valencia-Chávez Ana M. 
Published: April 2017

La monoparesia motora pura (MMP) es un déficit motor aislado en una extremidad, superior o inferior, producido por un evento vinculado a enfermedad cerebrovascular. Es un trastorno raro y podría confundirse con otras causas de déficit motor por lo que la diferenciación con otras etiologías se debe realizar a través de una adecuada evaluaciónclínica y de estudios de neuroimágenes. Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 56 años de edad con antecedente de hipertensión arterial, que debuta súbitamente con una monoparesia motora pura braquial izquierda. En la IRM cerebral se evidenció hiperintensidad en los protocolos de FLAIR y difusión e hipointensidad en el coeficiente dedifusión aparente (ADC) en el territorio de arteria cerebral media derecha, segmento M4, correspondiente al área prerolándica en la distribución somatotópica del miembro superior. Se discuten diferentes aspectos etiológicos y de tratamiento de este cuadro. En pacientes que presenten déficit motor agudo de una extremidad, con historia de factores de riesgo vascular, debe considerarse activamente la posibilidad diagnóstica de MMP.
Transformation of Organic Matter and the Emissions of Methane and Ammonia during Storage of Liquid Manure as Affected by Acidification
Authors: Sommer Sven G. , Clough Timothy J. , Balaine Nimlesh , Hafner Sasha D. , Cameron Keith C. 
Published: April 2017

Acidification of livestock manure can reduce emission of the greenhouse gases methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), as well as ammonia (NH3). We examined the relation between emission of these gases and transformation of organic matter as affected by acidification. Liquid cattle manure was acidified with sulfuric acid to pH 5.5 at a pilot scale (100 L), and we measured effects on CH4, N2O, CO2 and NH3 emissions and on transformation of pH buffer components and organic matter. Acidification reduced NH3 emissions by 62% (47 d) and emission of CH4 by 68% (57 d). Emissions of N2O were negligible, probably due to the absence of a surface crust. Reductions in NH3 and CH4 emission were highest at the start but declined over time concomitantly with a gradual increase in the stored liquid manure pH. Acidification did not significantly affect CO2 emissions. Emission of CO2 was high, five‐ to ten‐fold of CH4 emissions, until Day 16 of storage, after which the CO2 emission rate declined to around twice the CH4 emission rate; consequently, the majority of C loss during the early stages of storage was CO2. Cumulative emission of C in CO2 and CH4 closely matched depletion of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), suggesting that DOC may be a predictor for CH4 emission from dilute slurries. volatile fatty acid and total ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations in surface layers were substantially higher than at the center of stored liquid manure, perhaps resulting from microbial activity at the surface. This pattern deserves attention when predicting NH3 emission from stored slurry.Core Ideas
Acidification reduced emission of NH3 and CH4, but the effect diminished over time.
Dissolved organic carbon may be a predictor for greenhouse gas emission.
The majority of carbon loss during the early stages of storage was as CO2.
VFA and TAN concentrations in surface layers may be higher than at the center.
25. Using Technology for Tutor and Student Learning Exchange
Authors: Hewlett Katherine 
Published: April 2017

This project built upon the AchieveAbility initiative, which develops materials and training for teaching specific learning difference learners in schools and colleges. AchieveAbility devised the concept for the ‘InCurriculum’ Project and brought together a consortium of United Kingdom higher education institutions to deliver the practice: Norwich University College of the Arts, the University of Westminster, and De Montfort University. All partners delivered a range of art and design courses, using a variety of complementary learning techniques.The project was set up to investigate how changing teaching and assessment practice could be beneficial to different learning styles. The contextual justification for this action research project was to investigate effective practice to retain students within their higher level courses and to support their successful attainment. The project was funded by the Higher Education Academy for a three year period, during which the United Kingdom educational landscape changed rapidly from a widening access perspective to a more business-orientated model of delivery. To make these changes, technology was shown to be essential to the negotiation that evolved for the learning exchange between the student and staff.
26. Digital Storytelling and Diasporic Identities in Higher Education
Authors: Benick Gail 
Published: April 2017

The increase in global migration to Canada has changed the demographic profile of students in Canadian higher education. Colleges and universities are becoming increasingly diverse by race, ethnicity, and culture. At the same time, the process of teaching and learning is on the cusp of transformation with technology providing the tools to alter the way post-secondary educators teach and how students learn. What pedagogical approaches have emerged to maximize educational benefit from these twin forces of migration and technology? This paper explores the use of one method that has attracted global interest: digital storytelling. Specifically, the article considers student-generated digital stories as a means to authenticate the multiple perspectives of learners and create space for their diverse voices in post-secondary education.
30. Mystery Montage: A Holistic, Visual, and Kinesthetic Process for Expanding Horizons and Revealing the Core of a Teaching Philosophy
Authors: Ennis Kim , Priebe Carly , Shirapova Mayya , West Kim 
Published: April 2017

Revealing the core of a teaching philosophy is the key to a concise and meaningful philosophy statement, but it can be an elusive goal. This paper offers a visual, kinesthetic, and holistic process for expanding the horizons of self-reflection, self-analysis, and self-knowledge. Mystery montage, a variation of visual mapping, storyboarding, and collage, is utilized to uncover the core of a teaching philosophy and to challenge teachers to expand their horizons within a more holistic context. We share our personal reflections and experiences and conclude by discussing possible applications of this process to other areas of teaching and learning.
15. A Transformative Experience: Expanding My Teaching and Learning Horizon
Authors: Kruger Mellissa L 
Published: April 2017

At the beginning of my academic journey I held the belief that I would learn to teach simply by teaching. To my dismay, I had underestimated the complicated nature of teaching in higher education and gave little consideration to the ways students learn. Feeling overwhelmed by my situation, I began questioning my teaching practices and student learning. It was then I understood that my teaching skill and conceptions of teaching and learning lacked a theoretical framework. Missing an important piece of the teaching and learning puzzle, I have been on a quest to seek answers. This paper outlines my journey of professional discovery through my experiences in the Graduate Certificate in Education. This transformative experience has aided in expanding my teaching and learning horizon by focusing on diverse learners and inclusive teaching practices.
1. La communauté d’apprentissage : une approche innovante au développement pédagogique des formateurs
Authors: Bélanger Claire 
Published: April 2017

De 2010 à 2011, je me suis engagée, en tant que conseillère en pédagogie au Centre d’études et de formation en enseignement supérieur à l’Université de Montréal, dans un processus d’accompagnement et d’étude d’une communauté d’apprentissage. Cette communauté d’apprentissage regroupait des professionnels de la Direction de la santé publique qui donnaient de la formation à des étudiants provenant de différents programmes de l’Université. Étant donné les effets positifs de la participation à la communauté sur la pratique d’enseignement de ces formateurs, j’ai souhaité partager mon expérience avec les enseignants universitaires et les personnes qui les accompagnent dans leur développement pédagogique. Plus particulièrement, mon article a pour but de fournir des informations sur ce qu’est une communauté d’apprentissage, des moyens pratiques de mise en œuvre de ce type de dispositif ainsi que de ses retombées possibles.
19. Evidence in Support of Removing Boundaries to Undergraduate Research Experiences
Authors: Haave Neil , Audet Doris 
Published: April 2017

Undergraduate research is one of several high impact educational practices used by educational institutions to increase student engagement and success (Kuh, 2008). Many studies on the impact of undergraduate research have surveyed students or faculty on their personal experience and its influence on students’ subsequent degrees and employment (Brownell & Swaner, 2010). These studies have documented the ability of high impact educational practices to have the greatest influence on those students who self-identify as belonging to a minority or disadvantaged group. Few studies, however, have documented the impact on students with lower grades. The privilege of being admitted to an undergraduate research experience (e.g., an independent studies course) is typically reserved for upper-year students who have proven themselves academically. This paper presents correlational data from our campus showing that academically weaker students have a greater increase in academic performance between prior grade point average (GPA) and final grade in an independent studies course than academically stronger students. In addition, student annual GPA data shows that the impact of undergraduate research serves to raise student GPA in the year of an independent studies course. Although the findings are based on data from one small campus, they do raise the question that if undergraduate research has the greatest impact on academically weaker students and accelerates academic maturity, is limiting registration into these courses on the basis of superior GPA and years of study placing inappropriate boundaries on student learning?
6. Analyser la réflexion des étudiants : moyen de repérer et dépasser les limites des formations universitaires axées sur le développement de compétences
Authors: Chaubet Philippe 
Published: April 2017

Proposer de faire réfléchir les étudiants pour les aider à se forger des compétences est bel et bon. Mais sait-on seulement capter « de la réflexion »? La définition suggérée ici permettrait de le faire. Elle correspond à un courant anglo-saxon contemporain de pratique réflexive. Elle est cohérente avec les fondements théoriques de la didactique professionnelle européenne. Vingt étudiants du Québec ont ainsi pointé des événements de leurs formations qui les ont fait réfléchir, sans pourtant utiliser le terme « réflexion ». L’étude est qualitative, d’orientation interprétative-compréhensive. Ses résultats suggèrent que l’on peut dépasser la limite du rhétorique « Faisons réfléchir nos étudiants » pour montrer de manière raisonnable des étincelles, dans les formations, qui ont réellement stimulé leur réflexion. Cela ouvre des portes à l’analyse de la réflexion des apprenants, et donc à l’amélioration des formations universitaires à visées réflexive et de développement de compétences.
22. UDL - From Disabilities Office to Mainstream Class: How the Tools of a Minority are Addressing the Aspirations of the Student Body at Large
Authors: Fovet Frederic , Mole Heather 
Published: April 2017

Confronted by the increasingly changing and varied nature of disabilities in Higher Education (Bowe, 2000; McGuire & Scott, 2002), Disability Service providers across North America are progressively moving away from targeted remedial assistance focusing on the disabilities of students, to a less frontline role involving the sensitization of faculty around strategies that seek to widen access and develop awareness (Sopko, 2008). Universal Design is hence often the model of choice (Rose, Harbour, Johnston, Daley & Abarbanell, 2006). It incorporates extensive use of technology and seeks the implementation of winning conditions in the classroom space that reduce or eliminate the need for later remedial work with students (Burgstahler, 2006). The hypothesis of this paper is that Universal Design, though conceived as a tool for a specific clientele, may quickly transpire to be the model best suited to serve the needs of the student body at large.The paper attempts to demonstrate how the core values underlying the Universal Design approach in fact meet wider educational aspirations of the 21st century. Not only do its strategies and goals allow wider access to students with Disabilities, but they allow the integration of the ‘millennium learners’, encourage higher student retention, guarantee higher rates of graduation and establish greater equity and respect for diversity. A model, designed to assist the minority, is quickly becoming a tool that has the capacity to open the class and the lecture hall to the diversity of the emerging and metamorphosing High Education learner, even if his/ her idiosyncrasies are still barely known (Howard, 2004).