bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of residents who thrive in nursing home environments: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Patomella Ann‐Helen , Sandman Per‐Olof , Bergland Ådel , Edvardsson David 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo describe what characterizes residents with higher levels compared with those with lower levels of thriving in nursing homes using the Thriving of Older People Assessment Scale.BackgroundThriving is conceptualized as people's experiences of well‐being in relation to the environment where they live. Thriving has the potential to emphasize health‐promotion and positive experiences in nursing home residents in addition to current focus on illness and symptoms.DesignCross‐sectional design.MethodsData from a total sample of 191 residents in a large Swedish nursing home facility were separated into two groups; rated as having high and low thriving based on a median split of thriving total score for each participating resident. The characteristics of residents with higher and lower levels of thriving were compared using bivariate analyses to investigate differences. Data were collected in 2013.ResultsResidents with higher levels of thriving had shorter length of stay at the facility, higher functioning in Activities of Daily Living and less cognitive impairment, lower frequency of behavioural and psychological symptoms and higher assessed quality of life. The ability to walk and possibilities to spend time outdoors were higher among those with higher levels of thriving.ConclusionNursing home residents who experience thriving have a higher level of functioning in activities of daily living, a higher quality of life and are less physically and cognitively impaired.
Parental experience caring for cleft lip and palate infants with nasoalveolar moulding
Authors: Hopkins Emily E. , Gazza Elizabeth , Marazita Mary L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the experience of parents caring for an infant with a cleft lip and palate receiving nasoalveolar moulding.BackgroundNasoalveoral moulding is a pre‐surgical orthopedic appliance used to approximate an infant's cleft lip and palate, mould the nose and reduce surgical correction. Use of nasoalveolar moulding can be intensive, costly and lengthy requiring parental commitment to the process since it involves several months of weekly visits for appliance adjustment. Although extensive research has been conducted on surgical outcomes after use, little evidence exists pertaining to parental experiences caring for an infant undergoing the nasoalveolar moulding treatment process.DesignThe qualitative design phenomenology was used to best capture parents' lived experiences.MethodsEight mothers and four fathers participated in informal, semi‐structured interviews during the months of April–May 2010.ResultsFour themes were identified: (1) You do what you have to do; (2) We weren't left alone in the dark; (3) It's just amazing to see the difference; and (4) It's like nothing ever happened. Findings indicated that despite some difficulties, parents' were dedicated to the treatment process and expressed the benefits exceeded any additional work nasoalveolar moulding required.ConclusionMultiple recommendations to assist parents with the nasoalveolar moulding treatment process were identified. Improving nasoalveolar moulding education and providing support can substantially improve challenges that are experienced by parents throughout this process – strengthening the importance of their role for successful nasoalveolar moulding outcomes.
Estimating heritability of wool shedding in a cross‐bred ewe population
Authors: Vargas Jurado N. , Leymaster K.A. , Kuehn L.A. , Lewis R.M. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryLow wool prices and high production costs in sheep systems have resulted in the introduction of genotypes that shed wool into flocks to reduce shearing costs. Wool shedding occurs naturally in a few breeds and can be incorporated by cross‐breeding. The opportunity to enhance shedding through selection depends on the extent of genetic variability present. Genetic and environmental parameters for wool shedding for ewes from a three‐breed composite population were estimated using Bayesian inference. Data on 2025 cross‐bred ewes, including 3345 wool shedding scores (WS) and 1647 breeding weight (BW) records, were analysed using bivariate and, for WS, univariate animal repeatability models. Breeding weight was included to account for possible selection bias. Breeding weight was moderately heritable and highly repeatable with means of 0.317 and 0.724, respectively. Under both models, WS was found to be moderately heritable and repeatable with means of 0.256 and 0.399, respectively. Based on a cumulative link model and contingency table analysis, age and reproductive activity influenced the extent of WS (p < 0.05). Given that WS is moderately heritable, selective gain in WS can be achieved.
Overcoming redundancies in bedside nursing assessments by validating a parsimonious meta‐tool: findings from a methodological exercise study
Authors: Palese Alvisa , Marini Eva , Guarnier Annamaria , Barelli Paolo , Zambiasi Paola , Allegrini Elisabetta , Bazoli Letizia , Casson Paola , Marin Meri , Padovan Marisa , Picogna Michele , Taddia Patrizia , Chiari Paolo , Salmaso Daniele , Marognolli Oliva , Canzan Federica , Ambrosi Elisa , Saiani Luisa , Grassetti Luca 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRationaleThere is growing interest in validating tools aimed at supporting the clinical decision‐making process and research. However, an increased bureaucratization of clinical practice and redundancies in the measures collected have been reported by clinicians. Redundancies in clinical assessments affect negatively both patients and nurses.MethodsTo validate a meta‐tool measuring the risks/problems currently estimated by multiple tools used in daily practice. A secondary analysis of a database was performed, using a cross‐validation and a longitudinal study designs. In total, 1464 patients admitted to 12 medical units in 2012 were assessed at admission with the Brass, Barthel, Conley and Braden tools. Pertinent outcomes such as the occurrence of post‐discharge need for resources and functional decline at discharge, as well as falls and pressure sores, were measured. Explorative factor analysis of each tool, inter‐tool correlations and a conceptual evaluation of the redundant/similar items across tools were performed. Therefore, the validation of the meta‐tool was performed through explorative factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and the structural equation model to establish the ability of the meta‐tool to predict the outcomes estimated by the original tools.ResultsHigh correlations between the tools have emerged (from r 0.428 to 0.867) with a common variance from 18.3% to 75.1%. Through a conceptual evaluation and explorative factor analysis, the items were reduced from 42 to 20, and the three factors that emerged were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. According to the structural equation model results, two out of three emerged factors predicted the outcomes.ConclusionsFrom the initial 42 items, the meta‐tool is composed of 20 items capable of predicting the outcomes as with the original tools.
Technical pre‐analytical effects on the clinical biochemistry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Authors: Braceland M , Houston K , Ashby A , Matthews C , Haining H , Rodger H , Eckersall P D 
Published: May 2016

AbstractClinical biochemistry has long been utilized in human and veterinary medicine as a vital diagnostic tool, but despite occasional studies showing its usefulness in monitoring health status in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), it has not yet been widely utilized within the aquaculture industry. This is due, in part, to a lack of an agreed protocol for collection and processing of blood prior to analysis. Moreover, while the analytical phase of clinical biochemistry is well controlled, there is a growing understanding that technical pre‐analytical variables can influence analyte concentrations or activities. In addition, post‐analytical interpretation of treatment effects is variable in the literature, thus making the true effect of sample treatment hard to evaluate. Therefore, a number of pre‐analytical treatments have been investigated to examine their effect on analyte concentrations and activities. In addition, reference ranges for salmon plasma biochemical analytes have been established to inform veterinary practitioners and the aquaculture industry of the importance of clinical biochemistry in health and disease monitoring. Furthermore, a standardized protocol for blood collection has been proposed.
Insufficient evidence of benefit regarding mortality due to albumin substitution in HCC‐free cirrhotic patients undergoing large volume paracentesis
Authors: Kütting Fabian , Schubert Jens , Franklin Jeremy , Bowe Andrea , Hoffmann Vera , Demir Muenevver , Pelc Agnes , Nierhoff Dirk , Töx Ulrich , Steffen Hans‐Michael 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines for clinical practice recommend the infusion of human albumin after large volume paracentesis. After inspecting the current evidence behind this recommendation, we decided to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis in order to address the effect of albumin on mortality and morbidity in the context of large volume paracentesis.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive search of large databases and abstract books of conference proceedings up to March 15th 2016 for randomized controlled trials, testing the infusion of human albumin against alternatives (vs no treatment, vs plasma expanders; vs vasoconstrictors) in HCC‐free patients suffering from cirrhosis. We analyzed these trials with regard to mortality, changes in plasma renin activity (PRA), hyponatremia, renal impairment, recurrence of ascites with consequential re‐admission into hospital and additional complications. We employed trial sequential analysis in order to calculate the number of patients required in controlled trials to be able to determine a statistically significant advantage of the administration of one agent over another with regard to mortality.ResultsWe were able to include 21 trials totaling 1277 patients. While the administration of albumin prevents a rise in PRA as well as hyponatremia, no improvement in strong clinical endpoints such as mortality could be demonstrated. Trial sequential analysis showed that at least 1550 additional patients need to be recruited into RCTs and analyzed with regard to this question in order to detect or disprove a 25% mortality effect.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence that the infusion of albumin after LVP significantly lowers mortality in HCC‐free patients with advanced liver disease.
Comprehensive profiling of virus microRNAs of Epstein–Barr virus‐associated gastric carcinoma: highlighting the interactions of ebv‐Bart9 and host tumor cells
Authors: Tsai Chun‐Yi , Liu Yu Yin , Liu Keng‐Hao , Hsu Jun‐Te , Chen Tse‐Ching , Chiu Cheng‐Tang , Yeh Ta‐Sen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground and AimEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is suggested to actively utilize its ebv‐microRNAs (miRNAs) to manipulate viral and cellular functions during neoplasia transformation. A systemic profiling of ebv‐miRNAs expressed in EBV‐associated gastric carcinoma (EBVa GC) helps understand its epigenetic regulation of carcinogenesis.MethodsA total of 1039 patients with gastric cancer were screened for EBVa GC using EBV‐encoded RNAs in situ hybridization. A comprehensive profiling of ebv‐miRNAs expressed in EBVa GC was constructed using stem‐loop quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Functional assay of specific ebv‐miRNA was conducted. Expression of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers among EBVa GC and non‐EBVa GC was compared.ResultsThe prevalence of EBVa GC was 5.0% (52 out of 1039) in our series. The most abundant ebv‐miRNAs of EBVa GC were Bart4, followed by Bart11, Bart2, Bart6, Bart9, and Bart18, in the decreasing order. Of them, Bart9 exhibited the same seed sequence as to hsa miR‐200a and miR‐141. Expression of E‐cadherin of EBV‐positive SNU‐719 was increased after BART9 knockdown. Depleting endogenous Bart9 of SNU‐719 induced a surged expression of miR‐200a and miR‐141, accompanied by decreased proliferative and invasive ability. Expression of mesenchymal markers in EBVa GC was increased compared with those of non‐EBVa GC, albeit the two cohorts exhibited a comparable long‐term survival.ConclusionsWe constructed a comprehensive profiling of ebv‐miRNAs in EBVa GC. BART9 plays an important role during carcinogenesis through EMT. Inherent mesenchymal phenotype of EBVa GC represents a unique virus‐induced morphology and microenvironment rather than being able to predict the prognosis.
Blood pressure as prognostic marker for body condition, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Mietsch Matthias , Baldauf Katrin , Reitemeier Susanne , Suchowski Marcel , Schoon Heinz‐Adolf , Einspanier Almuth 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing life span ofCallithrix jacchusin combination with the occurrence of metabolic and age‐dependent diseases requires improved health surveillance for this species.MethodsThe health status of 56 marmosets was studied using a non‐invasive blood pressure (BP) device. Age‐, weight‐, and sex‐dependent changes were analyzed. Four animals with strikingBPfindings had follow‐up exams.ResultsPhysiological and pathologicalBPvalues could be defined.BPpositively correlated with age and weight, while no effect of sex could be found. Measurement time for female and older animals was shorter than for male and younger individuals. Further analysis of the suspicious patients revealed renal or hepatic diseases and cardiac alterations.ConclusionThe description of age and weight influences onBPdelivers physiological and pathological values for common marmosets. This may contribute to the understanding of aging process and cardiology in this primate species.
Research Development from Acceptance to the Meaning of Acquired Disability in People with Impaired Mobility in Japan
Authors: Tagaki Masakuni 
Published: May 2016

AbstractJapanese studies examining psychosocial issues in people with acquired mobility‐related disabilities have been developed under the influence of rehabilitation psychology theories, such as the theory of value change and stage theory, established in theUnitedStates. InJapan, the combination of disability acceptance and stage theory is distinctive, focusing on the occurrence of depression. These psychosocial studies have been criticized, because they have placed excessive emphasis on individual factors and have underestimated sociocultural factors from a long‐term perspective. Therefore, researchers have begun to examine the meanings of disabilities via qualitative analysis, as they have not assumed psychological goals, such as acceptance or adjustment. These studies have revealed that people with disabilities tend to revise the meanings of disabilities, as they lead their lives in diverse contexts with respect to coping. Stories that have involved “subjunctivizing” reality have deepened participants’ understanding of their lives and have allowed for the identification of new meanings for disabilities. These studies also value identity development in people with disabilities via relationships with those with diverse disabilities. Further studies examining the association between these results and disability welfare from a lifespan perspective are required.
Cost‐effectiveness and budget impact of interferon‐free direct‐acting antiviral‐based regimens for hepatitisCtreatment: theFrench case
Authors: Deuffic‐Burban S. , Obach D. , Canva V. , Pol S. , Roudot‐Thoraval F. , Dhumeaux D. , Mathurin P. , Yazdanpanah Y. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryWe evaluated the cost‐effectiveness and the budget impact of newDAA‐based regimen use in France. A Markov model simulated chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treatment interventions withIFN‐based andIFN‐free regimens at stage of fibrosis ≥F3, ≥F2 or regardless of fibrosis stage, and treatment either with the least or the most expensive combination. It estimated quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs). It also assessed the budget impact over 5 years of treating allCHC‐screened patients, regardless of fibrosis, assuming ≤20 000 patients treated/year and priority to ≥F3. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted. For genotypes (G) 1–4, the initiation ofIFN‐free regardless of fibrosis was a cost‐effective strategy compared to prior standard of care (SOC) initiated at stage F2: €40 400–88 300/QALYgained in G1; similar results were obtained for patients infected with G4. Considering G2–3, the most cost‐effective strategy wasIFN‐based regimens regardless of fibrosis compared to priorSOCinitiated at stage F2: €21 300 and €19 400/QALYgained, respectively; the strategy withIFN‐free regimens being more effective but not cost‐effective at current costs. The budget impact of treating allCHC‐screened patients over 5 years would range between 3.5 and 7.2 billion €, depending on whether one considers the least or the most expensive combination of newDAAs and whether one treats G2–3 withIFN‐based orIFN‐free newDAAs. In France, treatment initiation with newDDAs regardless of fibrosis stage is cost‐effective, but would add 3.5–7.2 billion € to an already overburdened medical care system.
In memoriam: Richard G. Harrison – his life and legacy
Authors: Howard Daniel J. , Grosberg Richard K. , Noor Mohamed A. F. , Normark Benjamin B. , Rand David M. , Shaw Kerry L. , Willett Christopher S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRichard G. Harrison passed away unexpectedly on April 12th, 2016. In this memoriam we pay tribute to the life and legacy of an extraordinary scientist, mentor, friend, husband, and father.
Comparative genomics reveals genes significantly associated with woody hosts in the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Nowell Reuben W. , Laue Bridget E. , Sharp Paul M. , Green Sarah 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe diversification of lineages within Pseudomonas syringae has involved a number of adaptive shifts from herbaceous hosts onto various species of tree, resulting in the emergence of highly destructive diseases such as bacterial canker of kiwi and bleeding canker of horse chestnut. This diversification has involved a high level of gene gain and loss, and these processes are likely to play major roles in the adaptation of individual lineages onto their host plants. In order to better understand the evolution of P. syringae onto woody plants, we have generated de novo genome sequences for 26 strains from the P. syringae species complex that are pathogenic on a range of woody species, and have looked for statistically significant associations between gene presence and host type (i.e. woody or herbaceous) across a phylogeny of 64 strains. We have found evidence for a common set of genes associated with strains that are able to colonize woody plants, suggesting that divergent lineages have acquired similarities in genome composition that may form the genetic basis of their adaptation to woody hosts. We also describe in detail the gain, loss and rearrangement of specific loci that may be functionally important in facilitating this adaptive shift. Overall, our analyses allow for a greater understanding of how gene gain and loss may contribute to adaptation in P. syringae.
Molecular characterisation and antifungal susceptibility of clinical Trichosporon isolates in India
Authors: Rastogi Vijaylatha , Honnavar Prasanna , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M , Pamidi Umabala , Ghosh Anup , Chakrabarti Arunaloke 
Published: May 2016

SummaryIn Asian countries, Trichosporon infection is a well‐known disease in Japan. In India, the infection is increasingly recognised. The study was conducted to characterise the clinical Trichosporon isolates from India by phenotypic and molecular techniques. A total of 31 Trichosporon clinical isolates, recovered from patients of 14 hospitals across India were sequenced (ITS and IGS1 regions of rDNA). In vitro drug susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed against amphotericin‐B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole. IGS1, rather than ITS sequences, correctly identified the isolates: Trichosporon asahii, 20; Trichosporon ovoides, 3; Trichosporon inkin, 2; Trichosporon asteroides, 1; Trichosporon mucoides, 1; Trichosporon loubieri, 1; Trichosporon debeurmannianum, 1; and Trichosporon dermatis, 1. Trichosporon asahii genotype III was the most common type, followed by genotype I and VII. Both these targets did not help to identify one Trichosporon to the species level. Trichosporon debeurmannianum, T. dermatis and T. asteroides were isolated for the first time from a human disease in India. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for voriconazole and posaconazole were within effective range. The study highlights the presence of wide range of Trichosporon species causing infection in India. Voriconazole or posaconazole may be the better drugs to treat such patients.
Prospective cohort study of phenotypic variation based on an anal sphincter function in adults with fecal incontinence
Authors: Brochard C. , Bouguen G. , Bodère A. , Ropert A. , Mallet A‐L. , Morcet J. , Bretagne J‐F. , Siproudhis L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundOne‐third of patients with fecal incontinence (FI) do not have any anal dysfunction. The aim was to characterize patients with FI with normal anal function compared with patients with anal weakness.MethodsThe general characteristics and data of anal manometry, endosonography, and defecography of patients who were evaluated for FI at a single institution from 2005 to 2015 were prospectively assessed. Fecal incontinence was defined by the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (CCIS) >4. Anal weakness was defined by one or more of the three following parameters: <25 mmHg at the upper part of the anal canal, <26 mmHg at the lower part of the anal canal, and <60 mmHg for the mean squeeze pressure.Key ResultsA total of 439 patients with FI were included (152 with normal anal function/287 with anal weakness). Severe constipation (Kess score ≥21) was predominant in patients with normal anal function (44/151 vs 50/284, respectively; p = 0.0054). Fecal incontinence with normal anal function was significantly associated with lower age (>63 years; odds ratio [OR] = 0.29), higher weight (>65 kg; OR = 1.69), fecal urgency (OR = 1.58), less severe FI score (CCIS score >10; OR = 0.52), higher abdominal pressure (>36 mmHg; OR = 2.15), and paradoxical puborectal contraction (OR = 2.07) in a multivariate analysis model.Conclusion & inferencesFecal incontinence with normal anal function is a specific phenotype that involves distal constipation and may be an early stage of FI with anal weakness. Physicians should adapt their management to focus on the treatment of constipation.
Prestimulus alpha power influences response criterion in a detection task
Authors: Limbach Katharina , Corballis Paul M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRecent studies have linked variability in near‐threshold stimulus detection to fluctuations in the prestimulus EEG alpha power (α, ∼8–12 Hz). Typically, these studies rely on hit rate as a measure of detection performance and show that detection is enhanced when α power is low compared to when it is high. However, hit rates are determined by both sensitivity to the stimulus and the placement of the response criterion. Here, we investigated the relationships between prestimulus α power and variability in these two measures on a single‐trial basis. We confirm earlier reports that detection is inversely related to power in the individual α‐frequency band. However, our results show a stronger relationship between α power and response criterion than with sensitivity. Higher α power was related to a more conservative response criterion (i.e., more “no” responses). A response criterion that varies depending on α power might help to optimize performance in an excited state and protect against false positives in a relatively disengaged state.