bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexualidade no idoso: percepção de profissionais da geriatria e gerontologia
Authors: Costa Dayara Carla Amaral da , Uchôa Yasmim da Silva , Silva Junior Ivan Arnaldo Pamplona da , Silva Saulo de Tarso Saldanha Eremita de , Freitas Wiviane Maria Torres de Matos , Soares Soanne Chyara 
Published: February 2018

OBJETIVO: Identificar a percepção dos profissionais da saúde acerca da sexualidade em idosos.
METODOLOGIA: Estudo quantitativo, observacional, do tipo transversal analítico, em instituição especializada na assistência a terceira idade em Belém-PA. Foi aplicado questionário com 20 profissionais da saúde. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística com teste G de aderência.
RESULTADOS: Os profissionais, de ambos os sexos, tinham idade média de 41,8 anos (±12,2), formados há aproximadamente 17,1 anos (±12,4). A casuística foi formada por médicos, fisioterapeutas, enfermeiros, assistentes sociais, odontólogos, psicólogo, terapeuta ocupacional, nutricionista e farmacêuticos. Os resultados quanto à percepção dos profissionais sobre a sexualidade evidenciam que 100% relatam saber distinguir sexo de sexualidade, 45% relatou nenhuma formação acadêmica sobre sexualidade em idosos, 75% se sentem razoavelmente preparados para lidar com o tema. Quanto a atuação profissional, 35% ainda acham de nada a pouco importante abordar o tema com os idosos, mas a maioria 75% relata conversar com os idosos sobre o tema, as principais orientações passadas dizem respeito ao uso de preservativos e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, e as dificuldades mais relatadas dizem respeito à resistência dos idosos ao abordar o tema. Metade dos profissionais reconhece que a precária abordagem interfere muito na qualidade de vida dos mesmos.
CONCLUSÃO: Embora os profissionais reconheçam a importância da sexualidade na integralidade do ser, existe carência na formação profissional, resistência dos idosos, e tabus socioculturais que são barreiras para abordagem do tema, consequentemente surge negligência por parte de alguns profissionais podendo interferir na qualidade de vida dos idosos.
Monthly streamflow forecasting at varying spatial scales in the Rhine basin
Authors: Schick Simon , Rössler Ole , Weingartner Rolf 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Model output statistics (MOS) methods can be used to empirically relate an environmental variable of interest to predictions from earth system models (ESMs). This variable often belongs to a spatial scale not resolved by the ESM. Here, using the linear model fitted by least squares, we regress monthly mean streamflow of the Rhine River at Lobith and Basel against seasonal predictions of precipitation, surface air temperature, and runoff from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. To address potential effects of a scale mismatch between the ESM's horizontal grid resolution and the hydrological application, the MOS method is further tested with an experiment conducted at the subcatchment scale. This experiment applies the MOS method to 133 additional gauging stations located within the Rhine basin and combines the forecasts from the subcatchments to predict streamflow at Lobith and Basel. In doing so, the MOS method is tested for catchments areas covering 4 orders of magnitude. Using data from the period 1981–2011, the results show that skill, with respect to climatology, is restricted on average to the first month ahead. This result holds for both the predictor combination that mimics the initial conditions and the predictor combinations that additionally include the dynamical seasonal predictions. The latter, however, reduce the mean absolute error of the former in the range of 5 to 12 %, which is consistently reproduced at the subcatchment scale. An additional experiment conducted for 5-day mean streamflow indicates that the dynamical predictions help to reduce uncertainties up to about 20 days ahead, but it also reveals some shortcomings of the present MOS method.
Antioxidant properties of cumin (Bunium persicum Boiss.) extract and its protective role against abiotic stress tested by microRNA markers
Authors: Ražná Katarí­na , Khasanova Nishonoy , Ivanišová Eva , Qahramon Davranov , Habán Miroslav 
Published: February 2018

Bunium persicum Boiss. seeds have been used for medicinal and nutritional properties such as antioxidant, antihelmetic and antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to to tested protective role of cumin extract against abiotic stress by microRNA markers. Secondary also was to evaluate antioxidant activity as well as total polyphenol, flavonoid and phenolic acid content of cumin extract. We observed that cumin DNA itself has not been damaged by sonication teratment. This protective impact indicates that cumin antioxidant properties can efficiently quench free radicals induced by sonication. On the other side, ultrasound-mediated formation of reactive oxygen species did induce the DNA polymorphism of lettuce samples which was detected by miRNAs-based markers. The range of sonication impact was time-dependent. Markers based of miRNA-DNA sequences has proven to be an effective tool. We have confirmed statistically significant differences (p ≤0.01) in miRNAs markers ability to detect the polymorphism due to sonication treatment. The antioxidant activity was determined by a method using DPPH radical and phosphomolybdenum method, total polyphenol content with Folin - Ciocalteu reagent, total flavonoid with aluminium-chloride mehod and total phenolic acid with Arnova reagent. Results showed that cumin is rich for biologically active substances and can be used more in different kind of industry as a cheap source of these substances. Antioxidant activity with DPPH method was 1.18 mg TEAC.g-1 (TEAC - Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity per g of sample) and by phosphomolybdenum method 45.23 mg TEAC.g-1. Total polyphenol content achieved value 4.22 mg GAE.g-1 (GAE - gallic acid equivalent per g of sample), total flavonoid content value 10.91 mg QE.g-1 (QE - quercetin equivalent per g of sample) and total phenolic acid content value 5.07 mg CAE.g-1 (CAE - caffeic acid equivalent per g of sample).
Contribución de la sociología en la formación docente. Un ejercicio de intervención en México
Authors: Loubet Orozco Roxana 
Published: February 2018

Este artículo presenta un estudio exploratorio y cualitativo que tuvo como objetivo identificar la construcción de una reflexión social y crítica acerca de la función social del fenómeno educativo mediante un Seminario de Sociología de la Educación como estrategia de intervención. Para el análisis se utilizaron los textos producidos antes y después de la intervención. Los participantes fueron estudiantes de la licenciatura en Sociología, que al mismo tiempo, en su mayoría, eran docentes o tenían experiencia en esta actividad. En síntesis, se observó la importancia del estudio intencionado de la educación como fenómeno social para que se pueda percibir como tal; además, que la reflexión crítica emerge cuando el estudio y la comprensión de las aportaciones teóricas se conjuga con la práctica docente.
A Stochastic Framework for Modeling the Population Dynamics of Convective Clouds
Authors: Hagos Samson , Feng Zhe , Plant Robert S. , Houze Robert A. , Xiao Heng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA stochastic prognostic framework for modeling the population dynamics of convective clouds and representing them in climate models is proposed. The framework follows the nonequilibrium statistical mechanical approach to constructing a master equation for representing the evolution of the number of convective cells of a specific size and their associated cloud‐base mass flux, given a large‐scale forcing. In this framework, referred to as STOchastic framework for Modeling Population dynamics of convective clouds (STOMP), the evolution of convective cell size is predicted from three key characteristics of convective cells: (i) the probability of growth, (ii) the probability of decay, and (iii) the cloud‐base mass flux. STOMP models are constructed and evaluated against CPOL radar observations at Darwin and convection permitting model (CPM) simulations. Multiple models are constructed under various assumptions regarding these three key parameters and the realisms of these models are evaluated. It is shown that in a model where convective plumes prefer to aggregate spatially and the cloud‐base mass flux is a nonlinear function of convective cell area, the mass flux manifests a recharge‐discharge behavior under steady forcing. Such a model also produces observed behavior of convective cell populations and CPM simulated cloud‐base mass flux variability under diurnally varying forcing. In addition to its use in developing understanding of convection processes and the controls on convective cell size distributions, this modeling framework is also designed to serve as a nonequilibrium closure formulations for spectral mass flux parameterizations.
The Sensitivity of Numerical Simulations of Cloud‐Topped Boundary Layers to Cross‐Grid Flow
Authors: Wyant Matthew C. , Bretherton Christopher S. , Blossey Peter N. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn mesoscale and global atmospheric simulations with large horizontal domains, strong horizontal flow across the grid is often unavoidable, but its effects on cloud‐topped boundary layers have received comparatively little study. Here the effects of cross‐grid flow on large‐eddy simulations of stratocumulus and trade‐cumulus marine boundary layers are studied across a range of grid resolutions (horizontal × vertical) between 500 m × 20 m and 35 m × 5 m. Three cases are simulated: DYCOMS nocturnal stratocumulus, BOMEX trade cumulus, and a GCSS stratocumulus‐to‐trade cumulus case. Simulations are performed with a stationary grid (with 4–8 m s−1 horizontal winds blowing through the cyclic domain) and a moving grid (equivalent to subtracting off a fixed vertically uniform horizontal wind) approximately matching the mean boundary‐layer wind speed. For stratocumulus clouds, cross‐grid flow produces two primary effects on stratocumulus clouds: a filtering of fine‐scale resolved turbulent eddies, which reduces stratocumulus cloud‐top entrainment, and a vertical broadening of the stratocumulus‐top inversion which enhances cloud‐top entrainment. With a coarse (20 m) vertical grid, the former effect dominates and leads to strong increases in cloud cover and LWP, especially as horizontal resolution is coarsened. With a finer (5 m) vertical grid, the latter effect is stronger and leads to small reductions in cloud cover and LWP. For the BOMEX trade cumulus case, cross‐grid flow tends to produce fewer and larger clouds with higher LWP, especially for coarser vertical grid spacing. The results presented are robust to choice of scalar advection scheme and Courant number.
Photogenerated Aldehydes for Protein Patterns on Hydrogels and Guidance of Cell Behavior
Authors: Ming Zunzhen , Fan Jinyan , Bao Chunyan , Xue Yuan , Lin Qiuning , Zhu Linyong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe immobilization of proteins to hydrogels is important and plays a significant role to provide suitable biomimetic material as extracellular matrix for cell behavior mediation. This study describes a novel and universal strategy for photopatterning unmodified proteins on hydrogels. The methodology creates photogenerated aldehyde regions within a protein‐resistant hydrogel and then conjugates unmodified proteins by mild imine ligation with spatial, temporal, and dosage control. The relatively stable aldehyde intermediate enables the facile and highly efficient covalent immobilization of proteins by a postfunctionalization methodology and the sequential protein patterns provide an easy access to control the identity and dynamic change of proteins presented to cells on demand, thus mediating cell behaviors. This approach provides important opportunities for understanding and controlling cell behavior mediated by proteins, and opens up new avenues for hydrogels in tissue engineering and biotechnology applications.
Water‐Processable Amphiphilic Low Band Gap Block Copolymer:Fullerene Blend Nanoparticles as Alternative Sustainable Approach for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zappia Stefania , Scavia Guido , Ferretti Anna Maria , Giovanella Umberto , Vohra Varun , Destri Silvia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe preparation of water‐processable nanoparticles (NPs) of polymer semiconductors assembled using an amphiphilic rod‐coil block copolymer (BCP), and their application to active layer sustainable fabrication of organic photovoltaic devices are reported. The hydrophobic rod is a p‐type semiconductor, while the hydrophilic coil is a short chain of poly‐4‐vinylpyridine strongly interacting with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM). Through miniemulsion technique stable water‐suspended blend NPs are obtained, avoiding nonconducting surfactant use. The amphiphilic BCP fulfills a dual function, as surfactant for stabilizing the blend NPs and as electron donor material in the active layer. After mild annealing of obtained films, blend NPs interconnect with each other forming compact and uniform layers with adequate morphology for efficient charge percolation to the electrodes. Space‐charge limited hole mobility of ≈5 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in BCP‐only NP films annealed at 120 °C (corresponding to a tenfold increase in mobility as compared to the p‐type semiconductor films spin‐coated from chlorinated solvents) indicates strong p–p interactions in the self‐assembled NPs. Blend NPs were covered with thin PC61BM layer and used as active layers in photovoltaic devices displaying high photocurrents (11.5 mA cm−2) and average power conversion efficiency of 2.53% after annealing at 90 °C.
High‐Efficiency Fullerene Solar Cells Enabled by a Spontaneously Formed Mesostructured CuSCN‐Nanowire Heterointerface
Authors: Sit Wai‐Yu , Eisner Flurin D. , Lin Yen‐Hung , Firdaus Yuliar , Seitkhan Akmaral , Balawi Ahmed H. , Laquai Frédéric , Burgess Claire H. , McLachlan Martyn A. , Volonakis George , Giustino Feliciano , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFullerenes and their derivatives are widely used as electron acceptors in bulk‐heterojunction organic solar cells as they combine high electron mobility with good solubility and miscibility with relevant semiconducting polymers. However, studies on the use of fullerenes as the sole photogeneration and charge‐carrier material are scarce. Here, a new type of solution‐processed small‐molecule solar cell based on the two most commonly used methanofullerenes, namely [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM), as the light absorbing materials, is reported. First, it is shown that both fullerene derivatives exhibit excellent ambipolar charge transport with balanced hole and electron mobilities. When the two derivatives are spin‐coated over the wide bandgap p‐type semiconductor copper (I) thiocyanate (CuSCN), cells with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈1%, are obtained. Blending the CuSCN with PC70BM is shown to increase the performance further yielding cells with an open‐circuit voltage of ≈0.93 V and a PCE of 5.4%. Microstructural analysis reveals that the key to this success is the spontaneous formation of a unique mesostructured p–n‐like heterointerface between CuSCN and PC70BM. The findings pave the way to an exciting new class of single photoactive material based solar cells.
Stress‐Relieved Nanowires by Silicon Substitution for High‐Capacity and Stable Lithium Storage
Authors: He Ting , Feng Jianrui , Zhang Yan , Zu Lianhai , Wang Guichang , Yu Yan , Yang Jinhu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSilicon is promising as a high energy anode for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. However, severe capacity fading upon cycling associated with huge volume change is still an obstacle for silicon toward practical applications. Herein, the authors report that Si‐substituted Zn2(GeO4)0.8(SiO4)0.2 nanowires can effectively suppress volume expansion effect, exhibiting high specific capacity (1274 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 after 700 cycles) and ultralong cycling stability (2000 cycles at 5 A g−1 with a capacity decay rate of 0.008% per cycle), which represents outstanding comprehensive performance. The superior performance is ascribed to the substitution of Si atom that imparts to the nanowires not only high reactivity and reversibility, but also the unique stress‐relieved property upon lithiation which is further confirmed by detailed density‐functional theory computation. This work provides a new guideline for designing high‐performance Si‐based materials toward practical energy storage applications.
Medical treatment of epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an evidence‐based review
Authors: Halderman Ashleigh A. , Ryan Matthew W. , Clark Christopher , Sindwani Raj , Reh Douglas D. , Poetker David M. , Invernizzi Rosangela , Marple Bradley F. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder resulting in vascular dysplasia and formation of arteriovenous malformations. Recurrent epistaxis is a hallmark of the disease. An array of medical therapies are used in this patient population, but robust evidence‐based recommendations regarding the medical treatment of epistaxis are lacking. This systematic review was performed to look at the current literature and make meaningful evidence‐based recommendations.MethodsA search of the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases was conducted by a research librarian. Abstracts in the English language and published in a peer‐review journal were reviewed for relevance and inclusion. PRISMA guidelines were followed.ResultsEighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. In a few small studies, thalidomide was shown to consistently improve severity and frequency of epistaxis and improve hemoglobin concentrations while decreasing the need for transfusion. Tranexamic acid appeared to only impact the epistaxis severity score and not other clinical outcomes. Selective estrogen modulators (SERMs), propranolol, rose geranium oil, and N‐acetylcysteine, have demonstrated promising efficacy in small trials.ConclusionAppropriate medical therapies for epistaxis outcomes in HHT remain undefined, and there is no “gold standard.” Many of the studies are small and the data reported are heterogeneous, and therefore the ability to make strong evidence‐based recommendations is limited. However, many different medications appear to be promising options.
Activation of pial and dural macrophages and dendritic cells by cortical spreading depression
Authors: Schain Aaron J. , Melo‐Carrillo Agustin , Borsook David , Grutzendler Jaime , Strassman Andrew M. , Burstein Rami 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveCortical spreading depression (CSD) has long been implicated in migraine attacks with aura. The process by which CSD, a cortical event that occurs within the blood–brain barrier (BBB), results in nociceptor activation outside the BBB is likely mediated by multiple molecules and cells. The objective of this study was to determine whether CSD activates immune cells inside the BBB (pia), outside the BBB (dura), or in both, and if so, when.MethodsInvestigating cellular events in the meninges shortly after CSD, we used in vivo two‐photon imaging to identify changes in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) that reside in the pia, arachnoid, and dura and their anatomical relationship to TRPV1 axons.ResultsWe found that activated meningeal macrophages retract their processes and become circular, and that activated meningeal DCs stop migrating. We found that CSD activates pial macrophages instantaneously, pial, subarachnoid, and dural DCs 6‐12 minutes later, and dural macrophages 20 minutes later. Dural macrophages and DCs can appear in close proximity to TRPV1‐positive axons.InterpretationThe findings suggest that activation of pial macrophages may be more relevant to cases where aura and migraine begin simultaneously, that activation of dural macrophages may be more relevant to cases where headache begins 20 to 30 minutes after aura, and that activation of dural macrophages may be mediated by activation of migratory DCs in the subarachnoid space and dura. The anatomical relationship between TRPV1‐positive meningeal nociceptors, and dural macrophages and DCs supports a role for these immune cells in the modulation of head pain. Ann Neurol 2018;83:508–521
A Fluorescent Ditopic Rotaxane Ion‐Pair Host
Authors: Denis Mathieu , Qin Lei , Turner Peter , Jolliffe Katrina A. , Goldup Stephen M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report a rotaxane based on a simple urea motif that binds Cl− selectively as a separated ion pair with H+ and reports the anion binding event through a fluorescence switch‐on response. The host selectively binds Cl− over more basic anions, which deprotonate the framework, and less basic anions, which bind more weakly. The mechanical bond also imparts size selectivity to the ditopic host.
KCa(H2O)2[FeIII(CN)6]⋅H2O Nanoparticles as an Antimicrobial Agent against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Wang Zhongxia , Yu Bing , Alamri Huda , Yarabarla Sriramakrishna , Kim Min‐Ho , Huang Songping D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBiocompatible nanoparticles based on a calcium analogue of Prussian blue were designed and synthesized to take advantage of their ability to penetrate the cell membrane in Staphylococcus aureus and to undergo selective ion exchange with intracellular iron to disrupt iron metabolism in such pathogenic bacteria for antibacterial applications. KCa(H2O)2[FeIII(CN)6]⋅H2O nanoparticles penetrate the bacterial cell membrane and sequester intracellular iron by ion exchange to form insoluble Prussian blue, thus inhibiting bacterial growth.
A Robust 3D Cage‐like Ultramicroporous Network Structure with High Gas‐Uptake Capacity
Authors: Mahmood Javeed , Kim Seok‐Jin , Noh Hyuk‐Jun , Jung Sun‐Min , Ahmad Ishfaq , Li Feng , Seo Jeong‐Min , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA three‐dimensional (3D) cage‐like organic network (3D‐CON) structure synthesized by the straightforward condensation of building blocks designed with gas adsorption properties is presented. The 3D‐CON can be prepared using an easy but powerful route, which is essential for commercial scale‐up. The resulting fused aromatic 3D‐CON exhibited a high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area of up to 2247 m2 g−1. More importantly, the 3D‐CON displayed outstanding low pressure hydrogen (H2, 2.64 wt %, 1.0 bar and 77 K), methane (CH4, 2.4 wt %, 1.0 bar and 273 K), and carbon dioxide (CO2, 26.7 wt %, 1.0 bar and 273 K) uptake with a high isosteric heat of adsorption (H2, 8.10 kJ mol−1; CH4, 18.72 kJ mol−1; CO2, 31.87 kJ mol−1). These values are among the best reported for organic networks with high thermal stability (ca. 600 °C).