bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists on oral hormonal contraception (literature review)
Authors: Deryabina E. G. , Melkozerova O. A. 
Published: October 2024

Background. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone whose mechanism of action also includes a slight delay in gastric emptying (GE). Due to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, GLP-1drugs are prescribed to many patients, including women of reproductive age who are also taking COCs. For oral contraceptives, malabsorption may result in ineﬀective pregnancy prevention.The purpose of this literature review was to review data from studies on the eﬀect of GLP-1 agonists on oral hormonal contraceptives (COCs) and to analyze data on the safety of concomitant use of COCs and GLP-1 agonists.Methods. PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for publications using keywords. A total of 3 clinical studies were selected for inclusion in the literature review.Results. Studies involving GLP-1 have not revealed a statistically or clinically significant difference in drug-drug interactions with COC drugs.Conclusion. This review compared the eﬀects of currently available GLP-1 on COCs in three clinical studies. Due to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity, GLP-1 is likely to be prescribed to many patients, including women of reproductive age who are also taking COCs. These drugs may aﬀect the pharmacokinetics of COCs. Changes in the area under the curve, maximum concentration, and time to maximum plasma concentration of oral drugs can be avoided by taking these drugs 1 hour after GLP-1.
Features of the functional state of the endothelium and the hemocoagulation system in the formation of placental insufficiency in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus without insulin requirement
Authors: Sytykh O. N. , Putilova N. V. , Tretyakova T. B. 
Published: October 2024

Background. There is a lot of data in the literature showing the state of the hemostatic system and endothelium separately in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and placental insuﬃciency (PI). However, with the combination of the above complications of pregnancy, there is very little research, therefore, the problem requires detailed study.Objective. To determine the contribution of the functional state of the endothelium and the hemocoagulation system to the formation of placental insuﬃciency in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus without insulin requirement.Materials and methods. A longitudinal cohort comparative study was conducted. The study included 120 patients in the II-III trimester of pregnancy with GDM without insulin requirement. The main group consisted of 70 women whose pregnancy was complicated by sub- and decompensated forms of PN. The comparison group included 50 pregnant women without pathology of the fetoplacental complex. The hemostasis system was studied using clotting tests and thromboelastometry. The concentrations of VEGF-A, total nitrite (NO2 total), endogenous nitrite (NO2 endogenous), nitric oxide (NO) in peripheral blood were determined by ELISA. Comparison of continuous quantitative data was carried out using the Mann-Whitney test, which was calculated using the MedCalc 15.8 application program. The null hypothesis was rejected at p<0.05.Result. The value of the integral index of coagulation, onset time and initial speed of clot formation in the main group was statistically significantly higher than in patients in the comparison group, p<0.05. The level of VEGF-A in pregnant women of the main group was statistically significantly lower than that in the comparison group, p<0.05. The indicator of total NO2 and NO in the main group was statistically significantly lower than in the comparison group, p<0.05. The endogenous NO2 indicator did not diﬀer statistically significantly between groups.Conclusion. In patients with GDM on diet therapy and PN, endothelial dysfunction and, as a consequence, hypercoagulation occur.
Features of the course of external genital endometriosis due to cervical pathology
Authors: Avseenko M. A. , Timerchanova E. О. , Melkozerova O. A. , Mikhelson A. A. 
Published: October 2024

Background. In modern literature, there is a limited number of publications devoted to the characteristics of the course of endometriosis in patients with cervical diseases (CD), the choice of management tactics for cervical diseases and the prevention of relapses of these diseases.Objective. To analyze clinical, anamnestic and laboratory data in patients of reproductive age with a combination of benign cervical diseases and external genital endometriosis.Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted that included 100 women of reproductive age with external genital endometriosis. The main group consisted of 56 patients with a combination of benign cervical diseases and external genital endometriosis. The comparison group consisted of 44 patients with external genital endometriosis without cervical cancer. An assessment was made of clinical and anamnestic data, the results of a cytological examination of a cervical smear, extended colposcopy and the level of hormones AMH, FSH, estradiol, performed by enzyme immunoassay on days 2-5 of the menstrual cycle. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS Statistics 26.0 program.Results. External genital endometriosis in 56% of cases is associated with benign cervical diseases, in the structure of which non-inflammatory diseases predominate (63%). Inflammatory diseases of the cervix were observed in 16% of patients, and combined pathology of the cervix was observed in 21% of women with external genital endometriosis. The presence of concomitant cervical pathology in 83.3% of cases is accompanied by endometriosis-associated infertility, this is significantly more common than in patients with inflammatory (22.2%) and non-inflammatory (42.9%) cervical diseases, p < 0.05. Surgical treatment of endometriosis did not lead to pregnancy within one year after surgery in any planning patient with concomitant cervical pathology (0/11); this figure in women with non-inflammatory cervical diseases was 14.3% (4/32), whereas in 75.0% (3/4) with inflammatory diseases of the cervix, pregnancy occurred within a year after surgery, p<0.05. In turn, the presence of inflammatory cervical diseases was associated with a significantly lower level of AMH (1.4±0.5 ng/ml) compared to patients with non-inflammatory cervical diseases (3.0±0.4 ng/ml) and combined cervical cancer pathology (3.4±0.5 ng/ml), p<0.017. A significant decrease in ovarian reserve in the future can also lead to impaired fertility in this category of patients.Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the need for a comprehensive assessment of the condition of the cervix in patients with genital endometriosis, including a thorough history taking, cytological examination and extended colposcopy in combination with determination of HPV virus carriage. Timely measures for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical diseases in patients with endometriosis-associated infertility will improve fertility rates in this category of patients.
Analysis of the strategies of China and the United States in Central Asia: a look at the "C5+1" mechanism
Authors: Cao Huan 
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is a comparison of the policy of China and the United States in the Central Asian region within the framework of the "C5+1" model. Both the United States and China, being the major powers of the modern world, seek to protect their interests in this region. In addition to existing bilateral and multilateral dialogue platforms, the United States and China have established a C5+1 dialogue mechanism with Central Asia. This mechanism has developed differently in both countries, each of which has created its own unique model and achieved a number of diplomatic results. The methodological basis of this research consists in an integrated historical and sociological approach. The authors used a historical approach to analyze the main factual information covered in the article as a whole. The innovation of this article is to scrutinize and compare the development of the “C5+1” model in China and the United States. The conclusion is that each US government has its own strategic priorities and diplomatic plans, the US “C5+1” mechanism has developed unevenly. Compared with the US mechanism, China's mechanism is more complete and at the same time has a higher level. Both China and the United States have developed their strategies in Central Asia according to their own interests, and that the main goal of the United States' current Central Asian strategy is to create a counterweight to Russia and China. For China, preserving sovereignty and stability as well as economic development are its primary interests.
Corporate Governance in Nigeria: Evolution, Regulatory Frameworks and Challenges
Authors: Shaba Yakubu , Idris Sa’idu 
Published: October 2024

Aims: Undoubtedly, good corporate governance is critical for economic growth and development. In Nigeria, corporate governance has undergone a considerable revolution, driven by regulatory reforms, global standards as well as the need to strengthen corporate institutions. This review explored the evolution of corporate governance practices in Nigeria and the operating environment of the Nigerian Stock Exchange highlighting the milestones, regulatory frameworks and key challenges inhibiting the corporate sector. The review emphasized the roles of the regulatory agencies including the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), National Insurance Commission (NAICOM), Pension Commission (PENCOM) as well as the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) in enforcing governance codes and principles.
Study Design: It is a theoretical review that explores developments in the corporate governance landscape in Nigeria.
Place and Duration of Study: The place of study is Nigeria and the duration is 1960 to 2024.
Methodology: The study examined policy documents exploring different codes and mechanisms of corporate governance from inception to date.
Results: While notable progress has been made through the introduction of corporate governance codes, mechanisms and regulatory oversight, challenges such as corruption, insider abuse and enforcement of governance policies remain prevalent.
Conclusion: The review underscored the need for continuous improvement in corporate governance given its role in promoting transparency, accountability, increasing stakeholder awareness as well as stronger enforcement to ensure good governance practices and sustainable economic growth.
Strong Photoacoustic Signal Enhancement by Coating Gold Nanoparticles with Melanin for Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Repenko Tatjana , Rix Anne , Nedilko Alexander , Rose Jonas , Hermann Alina , Vinokur Rostislav , Moli Sheila , Cao‐Milàn Roberto , Mayer Martin , von Plessen Gero , Fery Andreas , De Laporte Laura , Lederle Wiltrud , Chigrin Dmitry N. , Kuehne Alexander J. C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPhotoacoustics is a powerful biomedical imaging and detection technique, because it is a noninvasive, nonionizing, and low‐cost method facilitating deep tissue penetration. However, suitable contrast agents need to be developed to increase the contrast for in vivo imaging. Gold nanoparticles are often discussed as potential sonophores due to their large absorption cross‐section and their tunable plasmon resonance. However, disadvantages such as toxicity and low photoacoustic efficiency in the tissue transparency window prevail, preventing their clinical application. As a result, there remains a strong need to develop colloidal photoacoustic contrast agents which absorb in the tissue transparency window, exhibit high photoacoustic signal, and are biocompatible. Here, a facile synthetic approach is presented to produce melanin shells around various gold nanoparticle geometries, from spheres to stars and rods. These hybrid particles show excellent dispersability, better biocompatibility, and augmented photoacoustic responses over the pure melanin or pristine gold particles, with a rod‐shape geometry leading to the highest performance. These experimental results are corroborated using numerical calculations and explain the improved photoacoustic performance with a thermal confinement effect. The applicability of melanin coated gold nanorods as gastrointestinal imaging probes in mouse intestine is showcased.
Orthorhombic Ti2O3: A Polymorph‐Dependent Narrow‐Bandgap Ferromagnetic Oxide
Authors: Li Yangyang , Weng Yakui , Yin Xinmao , Yu Xiaojiang , Kumar S. R. Sarath , Wehbe Nimer , Wu Haijun , Alshareef Husam N. , Pennycook Stephen J. , Breese Mark B. H. , Chen Jingsheng , Dong Shuai , Wu Tom 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMagnetic semiconductors are highly sought in spintronics, which allow not only the control of charge carriers like in traditional electronics, but also the control of spin states. However, almost all known magnetic semiconductors are featured with bandgaps larger than 1 eV, which limits their applications in long‐wavelength regimes. In this work, the discovery of orthorhombic‐structured Ti2O3 films is reported as a unique narrow‐bandgap (≈0.1 eV) ferromagnetic oxide semiconductor. In contrast, the well‐known corundum‐structured Ti2O3 polymorph has an antiferromagnetic ground state. This comprehensive study on epitaxial Ti2O3 thin films reveals strong correlations between structure, electrical, and magnetic properties. The new orthorhombic Ti2O3 polymorph is found to be n‐type with a very high electron concentration, while the bulk‐type trigonal‐structured Ti2O3 is p‐type. More interestingly, in contrast to the antiferromagnetic ground state of trigonal bulk Ti2O3, unexpected ferromagnetism with a transition temperature well above room temperature is observed in the orthorhombic Ti2O3, which is confirmed by X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements. Using first‐principles calculations, the ferromagnetism is attributed to a particular type of oxygen vacancies in the orthorhombic Ti2O3. The room‐temperature ferromagnetism observed in orthorhombic‐structured Ti2O3, demonstrates a new route toward controlling magnetism in epitaxial oxide films through selective stabilization of polymorph phases.
Functionally Antagonistic Hybrid Electrode with Hollow Tubular Graphene Mesh and Nitrogen‐Doped Crumpled Graphene for High‐Performance Ionic Soft Actuators
Authors: Tabassian Rassoul , Kim Jaehwan , Nguyen Van Hiep , Kotal Moumita , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIonic soft actuators, which exhibit large mechanical deformations under low electrical stimuli, are attracting attention in recent years with the advent of soft and wearable electronics. However, a key challenge for making high‐performance ionic soft actuators with large bending deformation and fast actuation speed is to develop a stretchable and flexible electrode having high electrical conductivity and electrochemical capacitance. Here, a functionally antagonistic hybrid electrode with hollow tubular graphene meshes and nitrogen‐doped crumpled graphene is newly reported for superior ionic soft actuators. Three‐dimensional network of hollow tubular graphene mesh provides high electrical conductivity and mechanically resilient functionality on whole electrode domain. On the contrary, nitrogen‐doped wrinkled graphene supplies ultrahigh capacitance and stretchability, which are indispensably required for improving electrochemical activity in ionic soft actuators. Present results show that the functionally antagonistic hybrid electrode greatly enhances the actuation performances of ionic soft actuators, resulting in much larger bending deformation up to 620%, ten times faster rise time and much lower phase delay in a broad range of input frequencies. This outstanding enhancement mostly attributes to exceptional properties and synergistic effects between hollow tubular graphene mesh and nitrogen‐doped crumpled graphene, which have functionally antagonistic roles in charge transfer and charge injection, respectively.
Taking Photochromism beyond Visible: Direct One‐Photon NIR Photoswitches Operating in the Biological Window
Authors: Klaue Kristin , Garmshausen Yves , Hecht Stefan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe success of photopharmacology is inevitably tied to the availability of photoswitches, which can be operated within the biological window (λ=650–1450 nm) to maximize penetration in tissue. A general design strategy has been devised and a dihydropyrene derivative is described here that displays negative T‐type photochromism, allowing for efficient and nearly quantitative (95 %) switching induced by NIR light λ>800 nm. The thermal half‐life of the decolored ring‐open meta‐cyclophanediene isomer ranges from minutes to hours, depending on the solvent polarity and hence serves as a probe of the local environment. Due to the rather subtle geometrical differences between the two isomers, suitably modified NIR photoswitches are potential candidates for switching when bound in the pocket of the biological target, in principle allowing for reversible light‐induced inhibitor deactivation as an alternative approach to externally regulate biological functions.
The Mesomeric Effect of Thiazolium on non‐Kekulé Diradicals in Pichia stipitis Transketolase
Authors: Hsu Ning‐Shian , Wang Yung‐Lin , Lin Kuan‐Hung , Chang Chi‐Fon , Lyu Syue‐Yi , Hsu Li‐Jen , Liu Yu‐Chen , Chang Chin‐Yuan , Wu Chang‐Jer , Li Tsung‐Lin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt is theoretically plausible that thiazolium mesomerizes to congeners other than carbene in a low effective dielectric binding site; especially given the energetics and uneven electronegativity of carbene groups. However, such a phenomenon has never been reported. Nine crystal structures of transketolase obtained from Pichia stipitis (TKps) are reported with subatomic resolution, where thiazolium displays an extraordinary ring‐bending effect. The bent thiazolium congeners correlate with non‐Kekulé diradicals because there is no gain or loss of electrons. In conjunction with biophysical and biochemical analyses, it is concluded that ring bending is a result of tautomerization of thiazolium with its non‐ Kekulé diradicals, exclusively in the binding site of TKps. The chemophysical properties of these thiazolium mesomers may account for the great variety of reactivities carried out by thiamine–diphosphate‐containing (ThDP) enzymes. The stability of ThDP in living systems can be regulated by the levels of substrates, and hydration and dehydration, as well as diradical‐mediated oxidative degradation.
Research for SEBS/PPA compound‐modified asphalt
Authors: Zhang Feng , Hu Changbin , Zhang Yu 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, polyphosphoric acid (PPA) was used to modify styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene (SEBS)‐modified asphalt further and decrease the SEBS content in asphalt. Different structural analysis methods including morphology observation, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis were used to investigate the structural characteristics of asphalt modified by SEBS or PPA before and after short‐ or long‐term thermal ageing. The study shows the suitable addition of PPA can improve the major physical and rheological properties of SEBS‐modified (SM) asphalt and the improved properties became more obvious with further ageing. 0.8 wt % PPA can replace 2 wt % SEBS in the modification. Morphology observation showed PPA increased the incompatibility between SEBS and asphalt. Thermal analysis showed PPA changed the energy consumption and mass loss of SM asphalt greatly at elevated temperatures and led to the more complex structural characteristics. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46085.
Mineral Apposition Rates in Coronal Dentine of Mandibular First Molars in Soay Sheep: Results of a Fluorochrome Labeling Study
Authors: Kahle Patricia , Witzel Carsten , Kierdorf Uwe , Frölich Kai , Kierdorf Horst 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTWe studied the spatio‐temporal variation of mineral apposition rate (MAR) in postnatally formed coronal dentine of mandibular first molars from Soay sheep repeatedly injected with different fluorochromes. MAR declined along the cuspal to cervical crown axis, and from early to late formed dentine, that is, from the dentine at the enamel‐dentine‐junction (EDJ) to the dentine adjacent to the dentine‐pulp‐interface (DPI). Highest mean MARs (about 21 µm/day) were recorded in cuspal dentine formed in the period of 28‐42 days after birth. Lowest values (<2 µm/day) were recorded in late‐formed (secondary) dentine close to the DPI. The high MARs recorded in the dentine of the cuspal crown portions enable the formation of a large tooth crown within a relatively short period of less than one year. The established MARs in the dentine of the different crown portions of sheep molars will allow a precise determination of the timing of stress events affecting dentine formation. They are also helpful for devising sampling protocols in studies of trace element or stable isotope distributions in sheep dentine aimed at assessing temporal variation of incorporation into forming dentine. Such data are useful in a variety of contexts, including, for example, the exposure to pollutants and the reconstruction of husbandry practices or feeding regimes. Anat Rec, 301:902–912, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrated 3‐D Flight Trajectory Tracking Control with Aerodynamic Constraints on Attitude and control Surfaces
Authors: Wang Xueyuan , Fang Hao , Dou Lihua , Chen Jie , Xin Bin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a new 3‐D trajectory tracking problem for an uncertain high fidelity six‐degree‐of‐freedom (6‐DOF) aerodynamic system is considered. Instead of designing controllers for each subsystem separately, an integrated trajectory tracking control algorithm is proposed to exploit beneficial relationships among interacting subsystems. The high‐order aerodynamic model is first transformed into a quasi‐strict‐feedback form. Then, backstepping technique is utilized to resolve the coupling effect problem of three control channels resulting from the bank‐to‐turn (BTT) control mode. In addition, command filters are introduced to handle state and actuator constraints caused by the physical limitations and the coordinated turn requirement. Furthermore, the uncertain aerodynamic force and moment coefficients are reconstructed by using the B‐spline neural network approximation and adaptive learning approaches. With Lyapunov stability analysis, all the states in the closed‐loop system are shown to be semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SUUB), and the tracking errors will asymptotically converge into a small compact set around zero by properly adjusting the control parameters. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.