bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing Magnetic Fields with Spectroscopic Channel Maps
Authors: Lazarian A. , Yuen Ka Ho 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We identify velocity channel map intensities as a new way to trace magnetic fields in turbulent media. This work makes use of both the modern theory of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, which predicts that magnetic eddies are aligned with the local direction of the magnetic field, and also the theory of spectral line position–position–velocity (PPV) statistics, which describes how velocity and density fluctuations are mapped onto PPV space. In particular, we use the fact that the fluctuations of the intensity of thin channel maps are mostly affected by the turbulent velocity, while the thick maps are dominated by density variations. We study how contributions of the fundamental MHD modes affect the Velocity Channel Gradients (VChGs), and demonstrate that the VChGs arising from Alfvén and slow modes are aligned perpendicular to the local direction of the magnetic field, while the VChGs produced by the fast mode are aligned parallel to the magnetic field. The dominance of Alfvén and slow modes in interstellar media will therefore allow reliable magnetic field tracing using the VChGs. We explore ways of identifying self-gravitating regions that do not require polarimetric information. In addition, we also introduce a new measure, termed “Reduced Velocity Centroids” (RVCGs), and compare its abilities with those of VChGs. We employed VChGs in analyzing GALFA 21 cm data and successfully compared the magnetic field directions with the Planck polarization observations. The applications of the suggested techniques include both tracing the magnetic field in diffuse interstellar media and star-forming regions, and removing the galactic foreground in the framework of cosmological polarization studies.
The Strongest Acceleration of >40 keV Electrons by ICME-driven Shocks at 1 au
Authors: Yang Liu , Wang Linghua , Li Gang , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F. , He Jiansen , Tu Chuanyi , Tian Hui , Bale Stuart D. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present two case studies of the in-situ electron acceleration during the 2000 February 11 shock and the 2004 July 22 shock, with the strongest electron flux enhancement at 40 keV across the shock, among all the quasi-perpendicular and quasi-parallel ICME-driven shocks observed by the WIND 3DP instrument from 1995 through 2014 at 1 au. We find that for this quasi-perpendicular (quasi-parallel) shock on 2000 February 11 (2004 July 22), the shocked electron differential fluxes at ∼0.4–50 keV in the downstream generally fit well to a double-power-law spectrum, J ∼ E
−β
, with an index of β ∼ 3.15 (4.0) at energies below a break at ∼3 keV (∼1 keV) and β ∼ 2.65 (2.6) at energies above. For both shock events, the downstream electron spectral indices appear to be similar for all pitch angles, which are significantly larger than the index prediction by diffusive shock acceleration. In addition, the downstream electron pitch-angle distributions show the anisotropic beams in the anti-sunward-traveling direction, while the ratio of the downstream over ambient fluxes appears to peak near 90° pitch angles, at all energies of ∼0.4–50 keV. These results suggest that in both shocks, shock drift acceleration likely plays an important role in accelerating electrons in situ at 1 au. Such ICME-driven shocks could contribute to the formation of solar wind halo electrons at energies ≲2 keV, as well as the production of solar wind superhalo electrons at energies ≳2 keV in interplanetary space.
The Impact of Assembly Bias on the Galaxy Content of Dark Matter Halos
Authors: Zehavi Idit , Contreras Sergio , Padilla Nelson , Smith Nicholas J. , Baugh Carlton M. , Norberg Peder 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We study the dependence of the galaxy content of dark matter halos on large-scale environment and halo formation time using semi-analytic galaxy models applied to the Millennium simulation. We analyze subsamples of halos at the extremes of these distributions and measure the occupation functions for the galaxies they host. We find distinct differences among these occupation functions. The main effect with environment is that central galaxies (and in one model, also the satellites) in denser regions start populating lower-mass halos. A similar, but significantly stronger, trend exists with halo age, where early-forming halos are more likely to host central galaxies at lower halo mass. We discuss the origin of these trends and the connection to the stellar mass–halo mass relation. We find that, at fixed halo mass, older halos and to some extent also halos in dense environments tend to host more massive galaxies. Additionally, we see a reverse trend for the occupation of satellite galaxies where early-forming halos have fewer satellites, likely due to having more time for them to merge with the central galaxy. We describe these occupancy variations in terms of the changes in the occupation function parameters, which can aid in constructing realistic mock galaxy samples. Finally, we study the corresponding galaxy auto- and cross-correlation functions of the different samples and elucidate the impact of assembly bias on galaxy clustering. Our results can inform theoretical modeling of galaxy assembly bias and attempts to detect it in the real universe.
Data Release of UV to Submillimeter Broadband Fluxes for Simulated Galaxies from the EAGLE Project
Authors: Camps Peter , Trc̆ka Ana , Trayford James , Baes Maarten , Theuns Tom , Crain Robert A. , McAlpine Stuart , Schaller Matthieu , Schaye Joop 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present dust-attenuated and dust emission fluxes for sufficiently resolved galaxies in the EAGLE suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, calculated with the SKIRT radiative transfer code. The post-processing procedure includes specific components for star formation regions, stellar sources, and diffuse dust and takes into account stochastic heating of dust grains to obtain realistic broadband fluxes in the wavelength range from ultraviolet to submillimeter. The mock survey includes nearly half a million simulated galaxies with stellar masses above

across six EAGLE models. About two-thirds of these galaxies, residing in 23 redshift bins up to z = 6, have a sufficiently resolved metallic gas distribution to derive meaningful dust attenuation and emission, with the important caveat that the same dust properties were used at all redshifts. These newly released data complement the already publicly available information about the EAGLE galaxies, which includes intrinsic properties derived by aggregating the properties of the smoothed particles representing matter in the simulation. We further provide an open-source framework of Python procedures for post-processing simulated galaxies with the radiative transfer code SKIRT. The framework allows any third party to calculate synthetic images, spectral energy distributions, and broadband fluxes for EAGLE galaxies, taking into account the effects of dust attenuation and emission.
Le manga de sport comme récit de formation pour la jeunesse au Japon
Authors: Suvilay Bounthavy 
Published: January 2018

Dans le manga (bande dessinée japonaise), le sport est représenté à travers un genre particulier participant à la formation de la jeunesse : le supokon . Cette catégorie perdure sous la forme de récits sériels dans lesquels le retour des motifs narratifs fait partie du plaisir de la lecture, la finalité des entraînements étant assignée à des valeurs différentes selon les époques. Au niveau graphique, une série de conventions de représentations confère au supokon une gamme d’effets iconographiques valorisant la performance corporelle. Ce genre participe à la couverture médiatique d’une pratique sportive et les adaptions transmédiatiques de ces récits concourent à la promotion des activités physiques auprès d’un public jeune.
Éthique et culture religieuse à l’école québécoise. Une approche éthique et culturelle de l’éducation au vivre-ensemble ?
Authors: Bouchard Nancy 
Published: January 2018

Ce texte traite du cours d’Éthique et culture religieuse en vigueur dans les écoles du Québec depuis 2008. Aboutissement du processus de déconfessionnalisation du système éducatif, ce cours représente non seulement un tournant majeur en éducation mais constitue un projet de société : celui de vivre ensemble dans une société pluraliste à travers la reconnaissance de l’autre et la poursuite du bien commun. Des orientations ministérielles annonçant ce projet de programme, il se dégage une approche éthique et culturelle de l’éducation. Mais qu’en est-il du programme ? Emprunte-t-il la même approche ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous présentons le programme d’ÉCR et identifions les points de convergence et de divergence avec les orientations ministérielles et l’approche éthique et culturelle de l’éducation. Nous en venons à la conclusion que, même si le programme d’ÉCR s’inscrit dans une approche éthique et culturelle, celle-ci s’est affaiblie par rapport à ce qui avait été annoncé. Le dialogue s’avère par ailleurs une voie prometteuse dans la poursuite de la réflexion.
Du Mercure gaulois à la colonie romaine de Lugdunum : un système « canonique » de transformations ?
Authors: V. García Quintela Marco 
Published: January 2018

La description faite par César des attributs du dieu gaulois Mercure et la présentation que fait Strabon de la colonie de Lugdunum utilisent une série de cinq thèmes semblables. On essaie d’expliquer ce fait avec l’application de la « formule canonique » proposée par Lévi-Strauss. Celle-ci rénove les arguments par analogie en introduisant le jeu du changement. L’emploi de cette « formule » permet d’envisager autrement la façon dont la tradition gauloise est réélaborée dans la construction d’une nouvelle identité culturelle au temps d’Auguste.
Représentation de l’oral en français médiéval et genres textuels
Authors: Guillot-Barbance Céline , Pincemin Bénédicte , Lavrentiev Alexei 
Published: January 2018

La relation entre oralité et scripturalité au Moyen Âge est approchée par une analyse en corpus (137 textes, 4 millions de mots). Nous comparons les passages d’oral représenté (discours direct, théâtre, etc.) au reste des textes, en prenant en compte les 32 genres textuels qui les contextualisent. L’analyse factorielle des correspondances basée sur l’étiquetage morphosyntaxique met en évidence, comme première dimension de variation, un axe s’interprétant comme un gradient d’oralité, par rapport auquel chaque genre est automatiquement positionné. Elle distingue ses parties d’oral représenté et ses parties complémentaires. La statistique montre que parties d’oral représenté et parties complémentaires des textes sont distinguées, que le caractère littéraire ou oralisé d’un genre accentue ses traits d’oralité, que les façons de marquer la non-oralité sont plus dispersées et que certains genres occupent une position singulière (dialogue didactique, psautier).
La bibliothèque littéraire de Jacques Doucet, creuset de la modernité
Authors: Diu Isabelle 
Published: January 2018

Un an après sa naissance, la bibliothèque littéraire de Jacques Doucet se présente en 1917 comme un laboratoire de l’innovation à l’extrême pointe des avant-gardes. Le collectionneur et mécène y a rassemblé livres, manuscrits et archives d’écrivains français autour de l’unique critère de la modernité. Aux auteurs vivants et à leurs précurseurs immédiats, il joint désormais la création saisie au vif. Trois auteurs en témoignent, à travers trois textes emblématiques : Apollinaire avec Les Mamelles de Tirésias , Max Jacob et son Cornet à dés , Blaise Cendrars et l’Eubage, aux antipodes de l’unité .
Gustave Flaubert ou l’alambic des rêves
Authors: Vatan Florence 
Published: January 2018

Cet article se propose d’explorer le statut fondamental et ambivalent du rêve dans l’œuvre de Flaubert en s’intéressant au dialogue critique que le romancier noue – sur cette question – avec l’héritage romantique et le discours savant. Du romantisme des premières années à l’idéal d’un art capable de « faire rêver », en passant par la dénonciation du rêve comme illusion et menace, le rêve est au cœur de l’esthétique flaubertienne. Familier des débats médicaux de l’époque sur les liens entre rêve, hallucination et folie, Flaubert restitue les états hallucinatoires et oniriques avec une acuité clinique et fait du rêve un principe structurant dans ses projets de féerie et dans La Tentation de Saint Antoine . Si le rêve peut se dégrader en poncif sentimental, il est aussi un puissant ressort créatif : conscient des appas et des dangers du rêve, Flaubert cultive l’idéal d’une rêverie maîtrisée.
Des rêves et des jambes : le problème du corps rêvant (Mourly Vold, Freud, Michaux)
Authors: Mayer Andreas 
Published: January 2018

Ce n’est que vers la fin du xix e siècle qu’émerge un régime proprement expérimental de recherches sur les rêves. Il s’agira de reconstituer les premiers éléments de ce régime dans l’œuvre largement oublié du philosophe norvégien John Mourly Vold (1850-1907), en mettant en évidence ses rapports à la psychologie expérimentale allemande et la psychopathologie française. Les recherches personnelles de Mourly Vold, menées de 1876 jusqu’à sa mort en 1907, tournent autour d’un problème précis : il s’agit d’établir un lien causal entre les postures et les mouvements du corps pendant le sommeil avec l’apparition mouvementée d’images oniriques. Ce cas, au premier regard obscur, permettra d’interroger les stratégies développées pour traiter le problème du corps rêvant, problème qui occupe les savants autant que les premiers psychanalystes et les écrivains.
Les rêves d’Arthur Schnitzler. Histoire d’un journal posthume (1875-1931)
Authors: Wübben Yvonne 
Published: January 2018

En 1921 A. Schnitzler extrait et reprend des récits de rêves qui faisaient d’abord partie de son journal intime afin d’en constituer un corpus à part. Ainsi naît une compilation isolée – le dossier « rêves » – dont l’usage ultérieur que voulait en faire l’auteur restera dans l’ombre. C’est seulement longtemps après la mort de Schnitzler, qu’un projet éditorial s’empare en 2012 de ce corpus, en le présentant sous la forme d’un journal onirique. Nous proposerons une analyse critique des rêves schnitzlériens en les replaçant dans le contexte original de son journal intime commencé à la fin du xix e siècle et de ses rapports à la psychanalyse. L’exemple du dossier « rêves » pose ainsi la question des rapports et des différences entre l’écriture et la publication des rêves de Schnitzler et entre des rêves fictifs – comme dans La Nouvelle rêvée – et des rêves personnels.
Diagnostic importance of CD56 with fine-needle aspiration cytology in suspected papillary thyroid carcinoma cases
Authors: Solmaz Ozgen Arslan 
Published: January 2018

Background:Palpable thyroid nodules can be found in 4%–7% of the adult population; however, <5% of thyroid nodules are malignant. Immunohistochemical markers, such as CD56, can be used to make a differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions. To increase the accuracy of the diagnosis and distinguish the malignant aspirates from the benign ones, chose to evaluate CD56, which is normally found in benign thyroid tissue.Methods:A total of 53 fine-needle aspirate samples from patients diagnosed with suspected papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were included prospectively. These aspirates were immunocytochemically stained for CD56.Results:In histopathological examination, the fine-needle aspiration cytopathology specimens suspicious for PTC (after undergoing surgery) showed that 32 (60.4%) were benign and 21 (39.6%) were malignant. Thirty-one of the benign cases (96.87%) were CD56-positive, whereas the last case (3.13%) was CD56-negative. Staining was not seen in any of the malignant cases.Conclusions:We believe that CD56 is an important marker in the definitive diagnosis of suspected PTC cases, with CD56-positivity being interpreted in favor of benignity.
A replication of ‘Education and catch-up in the Industrial Revolution’ (American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2011)
Authors: Edwards Jeremy 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Although European economic history provides essentially no support for the view that education of the general population has a positive causal effect on economic growth, a recent paper by Becker, Hornung and Woessmann (Education and Catch-Up in the Industrial Revolution, 2011) claims that such education had a significant impact on Prussian industrialisation. The author shows that the instrumental variable BHW use to identify the causal effect of education is correlated with variables that influenced industrialisation but were omitted from their regression models. When this specification error is corrected, and a systematic model selection procedure is used, the evidence shows that education of the general population had, if anything, a negative causal impact on industrialisation in Prussia.
Single-footprint retrievals for AIRS using a fast TwoSlab cloud-representation model and the SARTA all-sky infrared radiative transfer algorithm
Authors: DeSouza-Machado Sergio , Strow L. Larrabee , Tangborn Andrew , Huang Xianglei , Chen Xiuhong , Liu Xu , Wu Wan , Yang Qiguang 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. One-dimensional variational retrievals of temperature and moisture fields from hyperspectral infrared (IR) satellite sounders use cloud-cleared radiances (CCRs) as their observation. These derived observations allow the use of clear-sky-only radiative transfer in the inversion for geophysical variables but at reduced spatial resolution compared to the native sounder observations. Cloud clearing can introduce various errors, although scenes with large errors can be identified and ignored. Information content studies show that, when using multilayer cloud liquid and ice profiles in infrared hyperspectral radiative transfer codes, there are typically only 2–4 degrees of freedom (DOFs) of cloud signal. This implies a simplified cloud representation is sufficient for some applications which need accurate radiative transfer. Here we describe a single-footprint retrieval approach for clear and cloudy conditions, which uses the thermodynamic and cloud fields from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models as a first guess, together with a simple cloud-representation model coupled to a fast scattering radiative transfer algorithm (RTA). The NWP model thermodynamic and cloud profiles are first co-located to the observations, after which the N-level cloud profiles are converted to two slab clouds (TwoSlab; typically one for ice and one for water clouds). From these, one run of our fast cloud-representation model allows an improvement of the a priori cloud state by comparing the observed and model-simulated radiances in the thermal window channels. The retrieval yield is over 90 %, while the degrees of freedom correlate with the observed window channel brightness temperature (BT) which itself depends on the cloud optical depth. The cloud-representation and scattering package is benchmarked against radiances computed using a maximum random overlap (RMO) cloud scheme. All-sky infrared radiances measured by NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and NWP thermodynamic and cloud profiles from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecast model are used in this paper.
Modelling the main ionospheric trough using the Electron Density Assimilative Model (EDAM) with assimilated GPS TEC
Authors: Parker James A. D. , Pryse S. Eleri , Jackson-Booth Natasha , Buckland Rachel A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The main ionospheric trough is a large-scale spatial depletion in the electron density distribution at the interface between the high- and mid-latitude ionosphere. In western Europe it appears in early evening, progresses equatorward during the night, and retreats rapidly poleward at dawn. It exhibits substantial day-to-day variability and under conditions of increased geomagnetic activity it moves progressively to lower latitudes. Steep gradients on the trough-walls on either side of the trough minimum, and their variability, can cause problems for radio applications. Numerous studies have sought to characterize and quantify the trough behaviour. The Electron Density Assimilative Model (EDAM) models the ionosphere on a global scale. It assimilates observations into a background ionosphere, the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 (IRI2007), to provide a full 3-D representation of the ionospheric plasma distribution at specified times and days. This current investigation studied the capability of EDAM to model the ionosphere in the region of the main trough. Total electron content (TEC) measurements from 46 GPS stations in western Europe from September to December 2002 were assimilated into EDAM to provide a model of the ionosphere in the trough region. Vertical electron content profiles through the model revealed the trough and the detail of its structure. Statistical results are presented of the latitude of the trough minimum, TEC at the minimum and of other defined parameters that characterize the trough structure. The results are compared with previous observations made with the Navy Ionospheric Monitoring System (NIMS), and reveal the potential of EDAM to model the large-scale structure of the ionosphere. Keywords. Ionosphere (midlatitude ionosphere; modelling and forecasting) – radio science (ionospheric physics)
Severe hyperkalemia following ureteroileostomy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Qasum Majd , Heyman Samuel N. , Khateeb Jasmin , Abu-Arisha Muhammad , Darawshi Said , Amiel Gilad , Khamaisi Mogher 
Published: January 2018

Metabolic complications, including hyponatremia and metabolic acidosis have been reported following urinary diversion operations, occasionally together with hyper- or hypokalemia, depending on the bowel segment used. While Hypokalemia often accompanies ureterosigmoidostomy and may develop following ileal conduits, we report a rare case of recurrent life threatening hyperkalemia following this procedure, associated with hyponatremia and acidosis. Reviewing the English literature (1973 to 2016) we found 25 cases of hyperkalemia complicating ureteral diversion procedures, mostly after jejunal conduits. Only five cases of hyperkalemia were described after ileal conduit surgeries, including the current report. We discuss the nature of the metabolic and electrolyte disturbances following urinary diversion and debate possible reasons for the rare cases of hyperkalemia complicating ileal conduits.
Maatschappelijk initiatief voor nieuwe scholen
Authors: Broeksteeg Hansko 
Published: January 2018

Societal initiative for new schools. About the extension of the concept of direction of schools
The Dutch freedom to set up schools has become illusory. The foundation standards (the number of students) are high and the current interpretation of the concept of direction (religion or philosophy of life) does not seem to be sufficiently connected with today’s pluriform society. The alternative of direction-free planning of schools had practical and fundamental objections. Parent statements are insufficiently reliable and a school without direction does not have a foundation. An extension of direction is neither without disadvantages: the government will have to test whether there is a sufficiently coherent concept to be able to count as a direction.