bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced intracellular delivery and antibacterial efficacy of enrofloxacin-loaded docosanoic acid solid lipid nanoparticles against intracellular Salmonella
Authors: Xie Shuyu , Yang Fei , Tao Yanfei , Chen Dongmei , Qu Wei , Huang Lingli , Liu Zhenli , Pan Yuanhu , Yuan Zonghui 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEnrofloxacin-loaded docosanoic acid solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with different physicochemical properties were developed to enhance activity against intracellular Salmonella. Their cellular uptake, intracellular elimination and antibacterial activity were studied in RAW 264.7 cells. During the experimental period, SLN-encapsulated enrofloxacin accumulated in the cells approximately 27.06–37.71 times more efficiently than free drugs at the same extracellular concentration. After incubation for 0.5 h, the intracellular enrofloxacin was enhanced from 0.336 to 1.147 μg/mg of protein as the sizes of nanoparticles were increased from 150 to 605 nm, and from 0.960 to 1.147 μg/mg of protein when the charge was improved from −8.1 to −24.9 mv. The cellular uptake was more significantly influenced by the size than it was by the charge, and was not affected by whether the charge was positive or negative. The elimination of optimal SLN-encapsulated enrofloxacin from the cells was significantly slower than that of free enrofloxacin after removing extracellular drug. The inhibition effect against intracellular Salmonella CVCC541 of 0.24 and 0.06 μg/mL encapsulated enrofloxacin was stronger than 0.6 μg/mL free drug after all of the incubation periods and at 48 h, respectively. Docosanoic acid SLNs are thus considered as a promising carrier for intracellular bacterial treatment.
Genetic structure of Tibetan populations in Gansu revealed by forensic STR loci
Authors: Yao Hong-Bing , Wang Chuan-Chao , Wang Jiang , Tao Xiaolan , Shang Lei , Wen Shao-Qing , Du Qiajun , Deng Qiongying , Xu Bingying , Huang Ying , Wang Hong-Dan , Li Shujin , Bin Cong  , Ma Liying , Jin Li , Krause Johannes , Li Hui 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe origin and diversification of Sino-Tibetan speaking populations have been long-standing hot debates. However, the limited genetic information of Tibetan populations keeps this topic far from clear. In the present study, we genotyped 15 forensic autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) from 803 unrelated Tibetan individuals from Gansu Province (635 from Gannan and 168 from Tianzhu) in northwest China. We combined these data with published dataset to infer a detailed population affinities and genetic substructure of Sino-Tibetan populations. Our results revealed Tibetan populations in Gannan and Tianzhu are genetically very similar with Tibetans from other regions. The Tibetans in Tianzhu have received more genetic influence from surrounding lowland populations. The genetic structure of Sino-Tibetan populations was strongly correlated with linguistic affiliations. Although the among-population variances are relatively small, the genetic components for Tibetan, Lolo-Burmese, and Han Chinese were quite distinctive, especially for the Deng, Nu, and Derung of Lolo-Burmese. Han Chinese but not Tibetans are suggested to share substantial genetic component with southern natives, such as Tai-Kadai and Hmong-Mien speaking populations, and with other lowland East Asian populations, which implies there might be extensive gene flow between those lowland groups and Han Chinese after Han Chinese were separated from Tibetans. The dataset generated in present study is also valuable for forensic identification and paternity tests in China.
Fabrication of polarization-independent waveguides deeply buried in lithium niobate crystal using aberration-corrected femtosecond laser direct writing
Authors: Wang Peng , Qi Jia , Liu Zhengming , Liao Yang , Chu Wei , Cheng Ya 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWriting optical waveguides with femtosecond laser pulses provides the capability of forming three-dimensional photonic circuits for manipulating light fields in both linear and nonlinear manners. To fully explore this potential, large depths of the buried waveguides in transparent substrates are often desirable to facilitate achieving vertical integration of waveguides in a multi-layer configuration, which, however, is hampered by rapidly degraded axial resolution caused by optical aberration. Here, we show that with the correction of the spherical aberration, polarization-independent waveguides can be inscribed in a nonlinear optical crystal lithium niobate (LN) at depths up to 1400 μm, which is more than one order of magnitude deeper than the waveguides written with aberration uncorrected femtosecond laser pulses. Our technique is beneficial for applications ranging from miniaturized nonlinear light sources to quantum information processing.
The complexity of lipoprotein (a) lowering by PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Lambert Gilles , Thedrez Aurélie , Croyal Mikaël , Ramin-Mangata Stéphane , Couret David , Diotel Nicolas , Nobécourt-Dupuy Estelle , Krempf Michel , LeBail Jean Christophe , Poirier Bruno , Blankenstein Jorg , Villard Elise F. , Guillot Etienne 
Published: January 2017

Since 2012, clinical trials dedicated to proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have unambiguously demonstrated robust reductions not only in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) but also in lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels. The scientific literature published prior to those studies did not provide any evidence for a link between PCSK9 and Lp(a) metabolism. More recent investigations, either in vitro or in vivo, have attempted to unravel the mechanism(s) by which PCSK9 mAbs reduce circulating Lp(a) levels, with some showing a specific implication of the LDL receptor (LDLR) in Lp(a) clearance whereas others found no significant role for the LDLR in that process. This elusive pathway appears clearly distinct from that of the widely prescribed statins that also enhance LDLR function but do not lower circulating Lp (a) levels in humans. So how does PCSK9 inhibition with mAbs reduce Lp(a)? This still remains to be established.
Low‐power SOI CMOS antenna switch driver circuit with RF leakage suppression and fast switching time
Authors: Lee I.‐Y. , Im D. 
Published: January 2017

A low‐power antenna switch driver circuit with RF leakage suppression and fast switching time is implemented in a 0.25 μm silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) CMOS process. It is composed of a three‐stage current starved ring oscillator with a clock buffer, a charge pump and a latch‐based three‐state logic driver. The negative voltage from the charge pump is fed into the latch‐based three‐state logic driver, and it generates three states of logic level (+VDD, GND and −VDD) according to the decoder signal without any reliability issue. In addition, the proposed three‐state logic driver with an optimal negative resistance value reduces the amount of the RF leakage coupling into the charge pump while maintaining its switching time fast. In the measurement, the designed switch driver circuit shows <0.1 V of voltage loss under 150 μA of current consumption. A single‐pole double‐throw antenna switch employing the proposed switch driver circuit is implemented in a 0.25 μm SOI CMOS process. The measurement shows higher than +38 dBm of 1 dB compression point (P1dB) and 140 ns of switching time while allowing <0.5 dB of insertion loss and >30 dB of isolation over 100 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range.
Analysis, modelling and measurement of the effects of aluminium and polymer heatsinks on conducted electromagnetic compatibility in DC–DC converters
Authors: Grobler Inus , Gitau Michael Njoroge 
Published: January 2017

Effects of polymer heatsink materials on electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise in converters have not been adequately investigated. Heatsinks provide a path to ground for the common‐mode (CM) noise. Selecting an appropriate heatsink material can therefore help reduce CM noise by increasing noise path impedance. The critical parameter is the heatsink‐to‐device capacitance and accurate models of the heatsink impedance need to be developed. This is necessary for results that are accurate enough to allow prequalification of a converter as would happen in an accredited environment. However, simplified CM and differential‐mode models of the step‐down DC–DC converter are adequate to predict the effects of the heatsink on the conducted noise. This study will demonstrate that compared to a solid aluminium material, using polymer material incorporating conductive fillers can greatly lower the device‐to‐heatsink capacitance, and still be adequate for heat dissipation in low power converters. This in turn reduces CM noise in the frequency band below 30 MHz. The measurement test setup is configured according to MIL‐STD‐461F standard. It consists of a wideband two‐port line impedance stabilising network (LISN), a properly grounded copper sheet, a suspended feed‐line from the LISN to the device under test and an oscilloscope recording the data.
Primary Spinal Epidural Lymphoma As a Cause of Spontaneous Spinal Anterior Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Córdoba-Mosqueda M. , Guerra-Mora J. , Sánchez-Silva M. , Vicuña-González R. , Torre A. 
Published: January 2017

Background Primary spinal epidural lymphoma (PSEL) is one of the rarest categories of tumors. Spinal cord compression is an uncommon primary manifestation and requires to be treated with surgery for the purpose of diagnosis and decompression.
Case Presentation A 45-year-old man presented with a new onset thoracic pain and progress to an anterior spinal syndrome with hypoesthesia and loss of thermalgesia. Magnetic resonance image showed a paravertebral mass that produces medullary compression at T3. The patient was taken up to surgery, where the pathology examination showed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Conclusions PSEL is a pathological entity, which must be considered on a middle-aged man who began with radicular compression, and the treatment of choice is decompression and biopsy. The specific management has not been established yet, but the literature suggests chemotherapy and radiotherapy; however, the outcome is unclear.
Comparative Neurologic Outcomes of Salvage and Definitive Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Glomus Jugulare: A 20-Year Experience
Authors: Venable Garrett , VanderWalde Noam , Michael L. , Sorenson Jeffery , Robertson Jon , Cunninghan David , Ballo Matthew , Wakefield Daniel 
Published: January 2017

Objective This case series investigates management of glomus jugulare (GJ) tumors utilizing definitive and salvage Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSRS).
Methods A retrospective chart review was performed to collect data. Statistical analysis included patient, tumor, and treatment information.
Results From 1996 to 2013, 17 patients with GJ received GKSRS. Median age was 64 years (range, 27–76). GKSRS was delivered for definitive treatment in eight (47%) and salvage in nine (53%) patients. Median tumor volume was 9.8 cm3 (range, 2.8–42 cm3). Median dose was 15 Gy (range, 13–18 Gy). Median follow-up was 123 months (range, 38–238 months). Tumor size decreased in 10 (59%), stabilized in 6 (35%), and increased in 1 patient (6%). Overall neurological deficit improved in 53%, stabilized in 41%, and worsened in 6% of patients. Overall cause-specific survival was 100%, and actuarial local control was 94%. Eighty-eight percent of patients without prior resection experienced neurologic deficit improvement, while 25% of patients with prior resection experienced neurologic improvement (p = 0.02).
Conclusion Gamma Knife radiosurgery provides effective long-term control of GJ and overall improvement or stabilization of neurological deficit in most patients. Patients with prior resection are less likely to experience improvement of neurologic deficit.
Amnionmembransuspension und autologes Serum – spielt der Inhalt eine Rolle für die Wundheilung?
Authors: Stachon T. , Wu M.-F. , Bischoff M. , Huber M. , Langenbucher A. , Seitz B. , Szentmáry N. 
Published: January 2017

ZusammenfassungAutologes Serum (AS) und Amnionmembrantransplantate (AMT) werden für eine Vielzahl von Oberflächenerkrankungen des Auges eingesetzt. Die Amnionmembrantransplantation ist immer mit einem operativen Eingriff verbunden. Für die Patienten wäre es von Vorteil, wenn durch die Applikation von Augentropfen, die aus Amniongewebehomogenat (AMH) oder Amnionmembransuspension (AMS) gewonnen würden, eine Operation vermieden werden könnte. In einer früheren Studie haben wir nachgewiesen, dass Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor basic (bFGF), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) und IL-8 in AMS freigesetzt wird. Die EGF- und bFGF-Konzentrationen in den AMS lagen jedoch im Durchschnitt um das 1,7–17-Fache niedriger als in den AMH, und in den AMH konnte im Vergleich zur AMS kein IL-6 und IL-8 nachgewiesen werden. 100 % AMS, 15 und 30 % AMH verlangsamten die Proliferation humaner Epithelzellen im Vergleich zur Kontrolle (p = <0,002 für alle), während 15 und 30 % AMS keinen Einfluss auf die Proliferation hatten. Im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen wurde die Migrationsrate unter Verwendung von 15 und 30 % AMS gesteigert (p < 0,001), zeigte aber keinen Unterschied bei einem Einsatz von 15 und 30 % AMH (p = 0,153 und p = 0,083). Die Proliferationsrate wurde durch den Einsatz von 15 % humanem Serum gegenüber 30 % humanem Serum gesteigert (p < 0,001). Humane korneale Epithelzelllinien (HCECs) migrierten schneller mit einer humanen Serumkonzentration von 30 % im Vergleich zu 5 % humanem Serum (p < 0,01). Zusammengefasst zeigten der Einsatz von 15 und 30 % AMS sowie der Einsatz von 15 und 30 % AS die vorteilhafteste Wirkung auf humane Epithelzellen. Jedoch muss bei der Gabe von AS- und AMS-Augentropfen bedacht werden, dass die individuelle Konzentration der Wachstumsfaktoren einer großen Schwankungsbreite unterliegt.
Determinants of Saltwater Anglers’ Satisfaction with Fisheries Management: Regional Perspectives in the United States
Authors: Brinson Ayeisha A. , Wallmo Kristy 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Understanding saltwater angler preferences, motivations, and satisfaction levels can assist recreational fisheries managers in providing high-quality fishing experiences for their constituents. To better understand the relationship between anglers’ motivations, preferences, and satisfaction with fisheries management and any regional differences that may exist, the National Marine Fisheries Service implemented a mail survey using a large national sample of saltwater recreational anglers. The survey collected information about recreational fisheries management, fishing trip characteristics, fishing motivations, aSnd demographic variables. Binary logit models estimated for six regions—Alaska, West Coast, Gulf of Mexico, South Atlantic, Mid-Atlantic, and New England—show that several variables, including trip characteristics, fishing motivations, avidity, demographic variables, and angler preferences for specific types of management strategies, are significant determinants of satisfaction with the fisheries management process and outcomes; however, these findings vary considerably among regions. Results also show variation in overall satisfaction levels, with anglers in the South Atlantic being generally more satisfied with both the management process and management outcomes and anglers on the West Coast being generally less satisfied with both the management process and management outcomes than anglers in other regions. Results can help inform federal fisheries management on the types of management strategies and outcomes anglers prefer and in developing or improving communication and outreach efforts, particularly in regions where angler satisfaction is comparatively low.
Received November 5, 2015; accepted August 24, 2016Published online January 23, 2017
Monitoring of adsorption behaviors of bovine serum albumin onto a stainless steel surface by the quartz crystal microbalance based on admittance analysis
Authors: Hagiwara Tomoaki , Nattawut Phosri , Shibata Mario , Sakiyama Takaharu 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The adsorption process of bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto a stainless steel surface was investigated using the quartz crystal microbalance based on admittance analysis. The adhered mass change ∆m increased with time as a result of contacting the BSA solution, and considerably long period (&gt;2 h) was required for the attainment of the asymptotic values of ∆m as well as dissipation factor ∆D. The relation between ΔD and Δm suggested that the layer of adsorbed BSA molecules became stiffer with increasing time at higher BSA concentration. The relation between Δm after 2 h and the final BSA concentration was described well by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. However, the time course of Δm clearly deviated from the Langmuir adsorption model. The stretched exponential function model described the time course of Δm well although it was an empirical one.
Quality of life following coronary artery bypass graft surgery vs. percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetics with multivessel disease: a five-year registry study
Authors: McGrath Brent M. , Norris Colleen M. , Hardwicke-Brown Emeleigh , Welsh Robert C. , Bainey Kevin R. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term relationship between revascularization technique and health status in diabetics with multivessel disease.

Methods and results
Using the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcomes Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH) registry, we captured 1319 diabetics with multivessel disease requiring revascularization for an acute coronary syndrome (January 2009–December 2012) and reported health status using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at baseline, 1, 3 and 5-years [599 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG); 720 underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)]. Adjusted analyses were performed using a propensity score-matching technique. After adjustment (including baseline SAQ domain scores), 1-year mean (95% CI) SAQ scores (range 0–100 with higher scores reflecting improved health status) were significantly greater in selected domains for CABG compared to PCI (exertional capacity: 81.7 [79.5–84.0] vs. 78.8 [76.5–81.0], P = 0.07; angina stability: 83.1 [80.4–85.9] vs. 75.0 [72.3–77.8], P &lt; 0.001]; angina frequency 93.2 [91.6–95.0] vs. 90.0 [87.8–91.3], P = 0.003; treatment satisfaction: 93.6 [92.2–94.9] vs. 90.8 [89.2–92.0], P = 0.003; quality of life [QOL]: 83.8 [81.7–85.8] vs. 77.2 [75.2–79.2] P &lt; 0.001). At 3-years, these benefits were attenuated (exertional capacity: 79.3 [76.9–81.7] vs. 78.7 [76.3–81.1], P = 0.734; angina stability 79.3 [76.3–82.3] vs. 75.5 [72.5–78.5], P = 0.080; angina frequency: 93.2 [91.3–95.1] vs. 90.9 [89.0–92.8], P = 0.095; treatment satisfaction: 92.5 [91.0–94.0] vs. 91.5 [90.0–93.0] P = 0.382; QOL: 83.2 [81.1–85.2] vs. 80.3 [78.2–82.4], P = 0.057). At 5-years, majority of domains were similar (exertional capacity: 77.8 [75.0–80.6] vs. 76.3 [73.2–79.3], P = 0.482; angina stability: 78.0 [74.8–81.2] vs. 74.8 [71.4–78.2], P = 0.175; angina frequency: 94.2 [92.3–96.0] vs. 90.9 [89.0–92.9], P = 0.018; treatment satisfaction: 93.7 [92.2–95.1] vs. 92.2 [90.6–93.7], P = 0.167; QOL: 84.1 [82.0–86.3] vs. 81.1 [78.8–83.4], P = 0.058). Majority in both groups remained angina-free at 5-years (75.0% vs. 70.3%, P = 0.15).

Conclusion
Improvements in health status with CABG compared with PCI were not sustained long-term. This temporal sequence should be considered when contemplating a revascularization strategy in diabetics with multivessel disease.
Two Suturing Techniques for the Prevention and Treatment of Nasal Valve Collapse After Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Authors: Miladi Anis , McGowan Joseph W. , Donnelly Heidi B. 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND
Tumor extirpation of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) adjacent to the alar groove, using Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), may risk causing internal nasal valve (INV) collapse, resulting in reduced airflow during inspiration. There are many surgical options described in the literature to repair INV collapse as a postoperative corrective procedure, but few exist as an intra-operative preventative procedure.

OBJECTIVE
The authors present 2 distinct methods to prevent and treat INV collapse during the repair of a perialar surgical defect caused by MMS.

METHODS
A 3-point stitch method or a modified suspension suture technique was used to prevent INV collapse during the repair of MMS defects overlying the alar groove, for nonmelanoma skin cancers. The 3-point stitch was used with a complex repair. The modified suspension suture was used with flap reconstruction.

RESULTS
The 3-point stitch and the modified suspension suture are simple, single-stage surgical solutions for perialar defects with collapse of the INV caused by loss of subcutaneous tissue during MMS. Once executed, patients experienced immediate subjective airflow improvement which was also supported by clinical examination. Patients were followed at 1 week and at 3 months postoperatively. Thirty-four of 35 patients reported good functional and cosmetic results and were satisfied with the final outcome.

CONCLUSION
The 3-point stitch and the modified suspension suture techniques are easy and simple methods that can be incorporated into reconstruction after MMS for defects of variable depth covering any multisubunit perialar region to prevent or correct INV collapse.
Treatment of Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation With a Combination of Glycolic Acid Peels and a Topical Regimen in Dark-Skinned Patients: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sarkar Rashmi , Parmar Nisha V. , Kapoor Sheilly 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUNDFacial postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is challenging to manage in patients with skin of color because of the risk of subsequent treatment-related hyperpigmentation.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and efficacy of combining glycolic acid (GA) peels with a modified Kligman formula (MKF) containing hydroquinone 2%, tretinoin 0.05%, and hydrocortisone 1% for the treatment of facial PIH in Indian patients.METHODSThirty Indian patients (Fitzpatrick skin Types III–V) with facial PIH were randomly assigned to 2 groups of 15 each. One group received serial GA peels combined with an intervening topical regimen containing MKF. The other group received MKF alone. Results were evaluated by a clinical investigator at baseline and at the end of 21 weeks (3 weeks after treatment completion) using an objective scoring system, the Hyperpigmentation Area and Severity Index (HASI) score, and clinical photography.RESULTSThe baseline mean HASI scores of the 2 groups were comparable. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean HASI score of the peels group compared with the MKF alone group at 12 weeks (p= .004) and 21 weeks (p< .001). Side effects were observed in both groups and were managed with liberal application of emollients. No patient dropped out of the study as a result of the side effects.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that serial GA peels in combination with a MKF are efficacious and safe in the treatment of facial PIH in dark-skinned patients.