bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat Suitability Modeling of the Federally Endangered Poweshiek Skipperling in Michigan
Authors: Pogue Clint D. , Monfils Michael J. , Cuthrell David L. , Heumann Benjamin W. , Monfils Anna K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Poweshiek skipperling Oarisma poweshiek (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) is a historically common prairie butterfly with a range extending throughout the mesic prairies and prairie fens of the upper Midwestern United States and southern Manitoba, Canada. Rapid, range-wide declines have reduced the number of verified Poweshiek skipperling locations to seven, four of which occur in Michigan. To assist with monitoring and, ultimately, conservation efforts, we developed a habitat model using the software Maxent with ecological and geographical factors. Using a lowest-presence threshold methodology, our habitat suitability model indicated potentially high suitability in 26 of 138 prairie fens with no documentation of Poweshiek skipperling occurrence. The strongest predictors of suitable habitat in our model were prairie fen area and surrounding natural land cover. Wildlife managers can use results from this analysis to expand monitoring to include sites with suitable habitat where Poweshiek skipperling are not currently documented, in addition to identifying potential introduction sites.
Mast Cell Degranulation Is Accompanied by the Release of a Selective Subset of Extracellular Vesicles That Contain Mast Cell–Specific Proteases
Authors: Groot Kormelink Tom , Arkesteijn Ger J. A. , van de Lest Chris H. A. , Geerts Willie J. C. , Goerdayal Soenita S. , Altelaar Maarten A. F. , Redegeld Frank A. , Nolte-’t Hoen Esther N. M. , Wauben Marca H. M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are well known for their effector role in allergic disorders; moreover, they are associated with diverse modulatory effects in innate and adaptive immunity. It is largely unclear how MC exert these modulating functions. In this article, we show that IgE-mediated MC degranulation leads to a rapid release of high quantities of extracellular vesicles (EV), comparable to the release of preformed mediators. EV are submicron structures composed of lipid bilayers, proteins, and nucleic acids that are released by cells in a regulated fashion and are involved in intercellular communication. Primary murine mucosal-type MC and connective tissue–type MC released phenotypically different EV populations depending on the stimulus they received. Although unstimulated MC constitutively released CD9+ EV, degranulation was accompanied by the release of CD63+ EV, which correlated with release of the soluble mediator β-hexosaminidase. This CD63+ EV subset was smaller and exhibited a higher buoyant density and distinct phospholipid composition compared with CD9+ EV. Marked differences were observed for phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate species. Strikingly, proteomic analysis of CD63+ EV from connective tissue–type MC unveiled an abundance of MC-specific proteases. With regard to carboxypeptidase A3, it was confirmed that the enzyme was EV associated and biologically active. Our data demonstrate that, depending on their activation status, MC release distinct EV subsets that differ in composition and protease activity and are indicative of differential immunological functions. Concerning the strategic tissue distribution of MC and the presence of degranulated MC in various (allergic) disorders, MC-derived EV should be considered potentially important immune regulators.
Siglec-E Negatively Regulates the Activation of TLR4 by Controlling Its Endocytosis
Authors: Wu Yin , Ren Dongren , Chen Guo-Yun 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
TLR4 signaling is critical for providing effective immune protection, but it must be tightly controlled to avoid inflammation-induced pathology. Previously, we reported extensive and direct interactions between TLR and Siglec families of pattern recognition receptors. In this study, we examined the biological significance of this interaction during infection. We show that Siglec-E is required for Escherichia coli–induced endocytosis of TLR4. Siglec-E–deficient dendritic cells infected with E. coli fail to internalize TLR4. This leads to sustained TLR4 on the cell surface and activation of NF-κB and MAPK p38, resulting in high levels of TNF-α and IL-6 compared with wild-type dendritic cells. In contrast to the signaling events occurring at the plasma membrane, as a result of the inability to internalize TLR4, Siglec-E–deficient dendritic cells were also defective for TRIF-mediated IFN-β production in response to E. coli infection. Furthermore, we found that accumulation of ubiquitinated TLR4 and binding of E3 ubiquitin ligase Triad3A to TLR4 was increased significantly in bone marrow–derived dendritic cells from wild-type mice, but not from Siglec-E–deficient mice, after E. coli infection. This represents a newly discovered mechanism that regulates the signaling of TLR4 during E. coli infection.
Quantification of telomerase activity in normal oral mucosal tissue and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rai Arpita , Naikmasur Venkatesh G , Sattur Atul 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background and Objective: The role of telomeres and telomerase in oral cancer is an area of much recent interest. The understanding of the role of telomere biology, the end replication problem leading to genomic instability and the reactivation of telomerase, is absolutely critical to our understanding of oral cancer, and more so, to our ability of early diagnosis and developing novel therapies and cancer prevention approaches. The aim of the present study was to quantify telomerase activity (TA) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and normal oral mucosa and assess the role of telomerase as diagnostic and prognostic marker of oral malignancy. Materials and Methods: We quantified TA in 45 patients with OSCC and 20 normal oral mucosal specimens using polymerase chain reaction-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay and compared it with the clinical status and grade of malignancy. Results: TA was detected in 89% of malignant and 5% of normal oral mucosal tissue. The TA levels ranged from 0.28 to 6.91 (mean 2.05, standard deviation [SD] 1.33) in OSCC and 0.21 to 1.09 (mean 0.54, SD 0.27) in normal oral mucosa. There was no relationship between TA levels and clinical stages, site of the lesion, history of adverse habits, or sex of the patient. However, under the WHO classification, there were significant differences P < 0.00) between Grades I, II, and III. Furthermore, increasing age of the patient significantly correlated with TA. Interpretation and Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that activation of TA is frequent in OSCC. Statistically significant difference in quantified telomerase levels of OSCC and normal oral mucosa P < 0.00) demonstrates the significant clinical usefulness of telomerase activation as a valuable marker for diagnosis while significant correlation of TA with grades of malignancy indicates its effectiveness as marker for prognosis of OSCC.
HIV-associated hematologic malignancies: Experience from a Tertiary Cancer Center in India
Authors: Reddy Rakesh , Gogia Ajay , Kumar Lalit , Sharma Atul , Bakhshi Sameer , Sharma Mehar C , Mallick Saumyaranjan , Sahoo Ranjit 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Context and Aim: Data on HIV associated hematologic malignancies is sparse from India. This study attempts to analyze the spectrum and features of this disease at a tertiary cancer center in India. Setting and Methods: Retrospective study from case records of patients registered with a diagnosis of hematologic malignancy and HIV infection between January 2010 and June 2015. Results: Thirteen cases of HIV associated hematologic malignancies were identified, six of them pediatric. HIV diagnosis was concurrent to diagnosis of cancer in 12 and preceded it in one of them. ECOG PS at presentation was >1 in all of them. All patients, except one, had B symptoms. Six of the patients had bulky disease and six are stage 4. Predominant extranodal disease was seen in 67% of them. NHL accounted for 10 of 13 patients and DLBCL-Germinal center was the most common subtype. Mean CD4+ cell count was 235/μL (range, 32-494). HAART could be given along with chemotherapy to 11 patients. Two-thirds of patients received standard doses of therapy. Chemo-toxicity required hospitalization in 58%. CR was achieved in 45% and 36% had progressive disease with first-line therapy. At the time of last follow up, 3 patients were alive with responsive disease, 2 in CR and 1 in PR. None of the pediatric patients were long time responders. Conclusions: These malignancies were of advanced stage and higher grade. Goal of therapy, in the HAART era, is curative. Pediatric patients had dismal outcome despite good chemotherapy and HAART. There is an urgent need to improve data collection for HIV related cancers in India.
Early integration of palliative medicine into emergency care: Is it a feasible option
Authors: Atreya Shrikant 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPatients with advanced malignancy often experience symptoms of disease and treatment that contribute to distress and diminish their quality of life. Most of these patients present to the emergency department thus raising its importance in providing such care especially at the end of life situation. An approach that is aimed at controlling these symptoms, whether or not undergoing curative therapy, is a key feature of high-quality patient-centered care. This paper explores the potential role of palliative medicine in the emergency room and how early integration with emergency care can help improve the quality of life of patients and thus achieve better outcomes.
Seasonal variation of atmospheric particle number concentrations, new
particle formation and atmospheric oxidation capacity at the high Arctic
site Villum Research Station, Station Nord
Authors: Nguyen Quynh T. , Glasius Marianne , Sørensen Lise L. , Jensen Bjarne , Skov Henrik , Birmili Wolfram , Wiedensohler Alfred , Kristensson Adam , Nøjgaard Jacob K. , Massling Andreas 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This work presents an analysis of the physical properties of sub-micrometer aerosol particles measured at the high Arctic site Villum Research Station, Station Nord (VRS), northeast Greenland, between July 2010 and February 2013. The study focuses on particle number concentrations, particle number size distributions and the occurrence of new particle formation (NPF) events and their seasonality in the high Arctic, where observations and characterization of such aerosol particle properties and corresponding events are rare and understanding of related processes is lacking.A clear accumulation mode was observed during the darker months from October until mid-May, which became considerably more pronounced during the prominent Arctic haze months from March to mid-May. In contrast, nucleation- and Aitken-mode particles were predominantly observed during the summer months. Analysis of wind direction and wind speed indicated possible contributions of marine sources from the easterly side of the station to the observed summertime particle number concentrations, while southwesterly to westerly winds dominated during the darker months. NPF events lasting from hours to days were mostly observed from June until August, with fewer events observed during the months with less sunlight, i.e., March, April, September and October. The results tend to indicate that ozone (O3) might be weakly anti-correlated with particle number concentrations of the nucleation-mode range (10–30 nm) in almost half of the NPF events, while no positive correlation was observed. Calculations of air mass back trajectories using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model for the NPF event days suggested that the onset or interruption of events could possibly be explained by changes in air mass origin. A map of event occurrence probability was computed, indicating that southerly air masses from over the Greenland Sea were more likely linked to those events.
Grounding and calving cycle of Mertz Ice Tongue revealed by shallow Mertz Bank
Authors: Wang Xianwei , Holland David M. , Cheng Xiao , Gong Peng 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. A recent study, using remote sensing, provided evidence that a seafloor shoal influenced the 2010 calving event of the Mertz Ice Tongue (MIT), by partially grounding the MIT several years earlier. In this paper, we start by proposing a method to calculate firn air content (FAC) around Mertz from seafloor-touching icebergs. Our calculations indicate the FAC around Mertz region as 4.87 ± 1.31 m. We then design an indirect method of using freeboard and sea surface height data extracted from ICESat/GLAS, FAC, and relatively accurate seafloor topography to detect grounding sections of the MIT between 2002 and 2008 and analyze the process of grounding prior to the calving event. By synthesizing remote sensing data, we point out that the grounding position was localized northeast of the Mertz ice front close to the Mertz Bank. The grounding outlines of the tongue caused by the Mertz Bank are extracted as well. From 2002 to 2008, the grounding area increased and the grounding became more pronounced. Additionally, the ice tongue could not effectively climb over the Mertz Bank in following the upstream ice flow direction and that is why MIT rotated clockwise after late 2002. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the area-increasing trend of the MIT changed little after calving (∼  36 km2 a−1), thus allowing us to use remote sensing to estimate the elapsed time until the MIT can reground on and be bent by the shoal. This period is approximately 70 years. Our observations suggest that the calving of the MIT is a cyclical process controlled by the presence of the shallow Mertz Bank location and the flow rate of the tongue. This calving cycle also explains the cyclic variations in sea-surface conditions around the Mertz detected by earlier studies.
Om livets kunst: en vitalistisk læsning af medicinsk humanisme
Authors: Greco Monica 
Published: September 2016

In a seminal and much-cited paper, Rita Charon has described narrative medicine - and, more broadly, the opening of medicine to education in the humanities - in terms of a mission to develop skills of empathy, reflection, professionalism and communication. In this paper I propose that Canguilhem's concept of vitalism and Alfred North Whitehead's concept of the 'art of life' provide a lens through which we can read the propositions of narrative medicine and medical humanities in the context of a much broader historico-scientific problematic, and connect them with a wider set of ethical and political implications. After setting out the relevant concepts by drawing on Canguilhem and Whitehead's work, in the latter part of the paper I explore the ethico-political question of how medicine might best serve the perfectibility of human beings, or the 'art of life'. I do this via a historical excursus, by revisiting a debate between Viktor Von Weizsäcker and Karl Jaspers on the merits and dangers of the 'introduction of the subject within medicine'. In their different historical context, Weizsäcker and Jaspers were able to articulate questions that remain relevant today, and that are implicit in the propositions of narrative medicine.
Distinctive personality profiles of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome patients
Authors: Ablin Jacob N. , Zohar Ada H. , Zaraya-Blum Reut , Buskila Dan 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveThe current study is an innovative exploratory investigation, aiming at identifying differences in personality profiles within Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) patients.MethodIn total, 344 participants (309 female, 35 male) reported suffering from FMS and/or CFS and consented to participate in the study. Participants were recruited at an Israeli FM/CFS patient meeting held in May 2013, and through an announcement posted on several social networks. Participants were asked to complete a research questionnaire, which included FMS criteria and severity scales, and measures of personality, emotional functioning, positivity, social support and subjective assessment of general health. In total, 204 participants completed the research questionnaire (40.7% attrition rate).ResultsA cluster analysis produced two distinct clusters, which differed significantly on psychological variables, but did not differ on demographic variables or illness severity. As compared to cluster number 2 (N = 107), participants classified into cluster number 1 (N = 97) showed a less adaptive pattern, with higher levels of Harm Avoidance and Alexithymia; higher prevalence of Type D personality; and lower levels of Persistence (PS), Reward dependence (RD), Cooperation, Self-directedness (SD), social support and positivity.ConclusionThe significant pattern of results indicates at least two distinct personality profiles of FM and CFS patients. Findings from this research may help improve the evaluation and treatment of FM and CFS patients, based on each patient’s unique needs, psychological resources and weaknesses, as proposed by the current trend of personalized medicine.
Climatology of contribution‐weighted tropical rain rates based on TRMM 3B42
Authors: Venugopal V. , Wallace J. M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe climatology of annual mean tropical rain rate is investigated based on merged Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 data. At 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution, and 3‐hourly temporal resolution, half the rain is concentrated within only ∼1% of the area of the tropics at any given instant. When plotted as a function of logarithm of rain rate, the cumulative contribution of rate‐ranked rain occurrences to the annual mean rainfall in each grid box is S shaped and its derivative, the contribution‐weighted rain rate spectrum, is Gaussian shaped. The 50% intercept of the cumulative contribution R50 is almost equivalent to the contribution‐weighted mean logarithmic rain rate
based on all significant rain occurrences. The spatial patterns of R50 and
are similar to those obtained by mapping the fraction of the annual accumulation explained by rain occurrences with rates above various specified thresholds. The geographical distribution of R50 confirms the existence of patterns noted in prior analyses based on TRMM precipitation radar data and reveals several previously unnoticed features.
Estimating crustal thickness using SsPmp in regions covered by low‐velocity sediments: Imaging the Moho beneath the Southeastern Suture of the Appalachian Margin Experiment (SESAME) array, SE Atlantic Coastal Plain
Authors: Parker Jr. E. Horry , Hawman Robert B. , Fischer Karen M. , Wagner Lara S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDeconvolved waveforms for two earthquakes (Mw: 6.0 and 5.8) show clear postcritical SsPmp arrivals for broadband stations deployed across the coastal plain of Georgia, allowing mapping of crustal thickness in spite of strong reverberations generated by low‐velocity sediments. Precritical SsPmp arrivals are also identified. For a basement in which velocity increases linearly with depth, a bootstrapped grid search suggests an average basement velocity of 6.5 ± 0.1 km/s and basement thickness of 29.8 ± 2.0 km. Corresponding normal‐incidence Moho two‐way times (including sediments) are 10.6 ± 0.6 s, consistent with times for events interpreted as Moho reflections on coincident active‐source reflection profiles. Modeling of an underplated mafic layer (Vp = 7.2–7.4 km/s) using travel time constraints from SsPmp data and vertical‐incidence Moho reflection times yields a total basement thickness of 30–35 km and average basement velocity of 6.35–6.65 km/s for an underplate thickness of 0–15 km.
Mapping lightning in the sky with a mini array
Authors: Füllekrug Martin , Liu Zhongjian , Koh Kuang , Mezentsev Andrew , Pedeboy Stéphane , Soula Serge , Enno Sven‐Erik , Sugier Jacqueline , Rycroft Michael J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMini arrays are commonly used for infrasonic and seismic studies. Here we report for the first time the detection and mapping of distant lightning discharges in the sky with a mini array. The array has a baseline to wavelength ratio ∼4.2·10−2 to record very low frequency electromagnetic waves from 2 to 18 kHz. It is found that the mini array detects ∼69 lightning pulses per second from cloud‐to‐ground and in‐cloud discharges, even though the parent thunderstorms are ∼900–1100 km away and a rigorous selection criterion based on the quality of the wavefront across the array is used. In particular, lightning pulses that exhibit a clockwise phase progression are found at larger elevation angles in the sky as the result of a birefringent subionospheric wave propagation attributed to ordinary and extraordinary waves. These results imply that long range lightning detection networks might benefit from an exploration of the wave propagation conditions with mini arrays.
A statistical survey of ultralow‐frequency wave power and polarization in the Hermean magnetosphere
Authors: James Matthew K. , Bunce Emma J. , Yeoman Timothy K. , Imber Suzanne M. , Korth Haje 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe present a statistical survey of ultralow‐frequency wave activity within the Hermean magnetosphere using the entire MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging magnetometer data set. This study is focused upon wave activity with frequencies <0.5 Hz, typically below local ion gyrofrequencies, in order to determine if field line resonances similar to those observed in the terrestrial magnetosphere may be present. Wave activity is mapped to the magnetic equatorial plane of the magnetosphere and to magnetic latitude and local times on Mercury using the KT14 magnetic field model. Wave power mapped to the planetary surface indicates the average location of the polar cap boundary. Compressional wave power is dominant throughout most of the magnetosphere, while azimuthal wave power close to the dayside magnetopause provides evidence that interactions between the magnetosheath and the magnetopause such as the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability may be driving wave activity. Further evidence of this is found in the average wave polarization: left‐handed polarized waves dominate the dawnside magnetosphere, while right‐handed polarized waves dominate the duskside. A possible field line resonance event is also presented, where a time‐of‐flight calculation is used to provide an estimated local plasma mass density of ∼240 amu cm−3.