bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Police officer perspectives on intellectual disability
Authors: Eadens Danielle Maya , Cranston-Gingras Ann , Dupoux Errol , Eadens Daniel Wayne 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine police officer perceptions about persons with intellectual disabilities.Design/methodology/approach– In this study, 188 officers from three police districts in the Southeast USA were surveyed using a modified Social Distance Questionnaire.Findings– Results indicate that the majority of police officers surveyed had little or no training with regard to disabilities and that most are willing to interact socially with individuals with intellectual disabilities. Further, this study found that female officers had significantly greater positive attitudes toward individuals with intellectual disabilities than male respondents and that white respondents were more knowledgeable about these individuals than those from minority backgrounds.Research limitations/implications– While these results are significant, it should be noted that the number of female and minority participants was relatively low.Practical implications– The paper includes recommendations for professional development for police officer and criminal justice training programs.Social implications– As individuals with developmental and intellectual disabilities are increasingly integrated into society, their vulnerability to mishandling by the criminal justice system and police officers intensifies. This paper allows police officers and those within the field of criminal justice an opportunity to examine perceptions as they seek to understand how police and general societal perceptions impact the way that people interact with persons with intellectual disabilities.Originality/value– This paper fulfills a need to examine attitudes of police officers toward citizens with intellectual disabilities in the communities in which they live. These attitudes often affect the way that police officers interact with citizens and identify additional training needs to better prepare officers for diverse individuals they may will encounter.
Relational capital quality and client loyalty: firm-level evidence from pharmaceuticals, Pakistan
Authors: Mubarik Shujaat , Chandran VGR , Devadason Evelyn S 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– This study aims to examine the influence of relational capital quality on client loyalty, comprising both behavioral and attitudinal, in the pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
– The partial least squares technique is used to test the relationship using a sample of 111 pharmaceutical firms. We applied a non-parametric procedure, the bootstrapping method, to estimate the coefficient path of the relationships. Appropriate construct measures were used based on past studies to measure the dimensions of relational capital quality and client loyalty.

Findings
– The findings suggest that relational capital quality significantly affects client loyalty. All three dimensions of relational capital quality, commitment, satisfaction and trust, have a significant and positive influence on both attitudinal and behavioral loyalty. However, client satisfaction is found to exert the strongest impact on behavioral and attitudinal loyalty.

Practical implications
– It is important for the pharmaceutical firms in Pakistan to improve client satisfaction to establish behavioral loyalty and sustain their clientele base. Trust and commitment should be managed independently, depending on the focus of firms, either attitudinal loyalty or behavioral loyalty.

Originality/value
– This study is among the few that was able to empirically examine the role of various dimensions of relational capital quality in influencing clients’ attitudinal and behavioral loyalty. In addition, the study uses a new firm-level data set, compiled from a survey of the pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan, which is currently facing challenges in terms of customer–supplier sensitivity.
Social networking sites as a learning tool
Authors: Sanchez-Casado Noelia , Cegarra Navarro Juan Gabriel , Wensley Anthony , Tomaseti-Solano Eva 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– Over the past few years, social networking sites (SNSs) have become very useful for firms, allowing companies to manage the customer–brand relationships. In this context, SNSs can be considered as a learning tool because of the brand knowledge that customers develop from these relationships. Because of the fact that knowledge in organisations is embodied in the concept of the learning organisation, customers may create brand knowledge as a consequence of two learning facilitators: informational and instrumental value. Then, the purpose of this paper is to identify the role played by brand knowledge in the process of creating customer capital, in the context of SNSs.Design/methodology/approach– A total of 259 users of SNSs, who were followers or fans of brand pages, participated in this study. Data were collected through an online survey and they were analysed using structural equation modelling.Findings– The results of the study show that brand pages at SNS can perform brand knowledge by providing purposive gratifications to its customers. Moreover, they can also develop an indirect effect on customer capital, through the direct effect that brand knowledge has on it. Therefore, the results of the study will help managers design their learning strategies in relation to SNS and confirm the need of using SNS as a learning tool.Originality/value– Few, if any, studies have analysed whether gratifications, usually related to media, work as learning facilitators in the context of brand pages at SNS.
Dynamic microplasticity manifestation in consolidated sandstone in the acoustical frequency range
Authors: Mashinskii E.I. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTMicroplasticity manifestations caused by acoustic wave in the frequency range of about 4.5 kHz–7.0 kHz are detected in consolidated artificial sandstone. Equipment was tested by means of comparison of data obtained for a standard material (aluminium) and sandstone. Microplasticity manifestations in acoustic records are present in the form of ladder‐like changes in the amplitude course. The stress plateaus in the acoustic trace interrupt the amplitude course, transform the wavefront, and shift the arrival time along the time axis. Microplasticity contribution to the acoustic record changes with the increase in the strain amplitude value. The combined elastic–microplastic process conditions the wavefront steepness and its duration. Stress plateaus exert influence on the waveform and, accordingly, on pulse frequency response. These results confirm the earlier data obtained for weakly consolidated rock. This contribution to wave propagation physics can be useful in solving applied problems in material science, seismic prospecting, diagnostics, etc.
Developing Peak Discharges for Future Flood Risk Studies Using IPCC's CMIP5 Climate Model Results and USGS WREG Program
Authors: Selvanathan Sivasankkar , Sreetharan Mathini , Rand Krista , Smirnov Dmitry , Choi Janghwoan , Mampara Mathew 
Published: March 2016

AbstractExtreme climate events, floods, and drought, cause huge impact on daily lives. In order to produce society resilient to extreme events, it is necessary to assess the impact of frequent and high intensity storm events on design parameters. This article describes a methodology to develop future peak “design discharges” throughout the United States that can be used as a guidance to map future floodplains. In order to develop a lower and upper limit for anticipated peak flow discharges, two future growth scenarios — Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs)‐RCP2.6 and 8.5 were identified as the weak and strong climate scenario respectively based on the output from the global climate models. The Generalized Least Square technique in United States Geological Survey's Weighted Multiple Regression (WREG) program was used to develop regression equations that relate peak discharges to basin and climate parameters of the contributing watershed. The design discharges reflect the most recent climate model results. Number of frost days, heavy rainfall days, high temperature days, and snow depth were found to be the common extreme climate parameters influencing the regression equations. This methodology can be extended to other flood frequency events if rainfall data is available. The future discharges can be utilized in hydraulics models to estimate floodplains that can assist in resilient infrastructure planning and outline climate change adaptation strategies.
Buprenorphine + naloxone plus naltrexone for the treatment of cocaine dependence: the Cocaine Use Reduction with Buprenorphine (CURB) study
Authors: Ling Walter , Hillhouse Maureen P. , Saxon Andrew J. , Mooney Larissa J. , Thomas Christie M. , Ang Alfonso , Matthews Abigail G. , Hasson Albert , Annon Jeffrey , Sparenborg Steve , Liu David S. , McCormack Jennifer , Church Sarah , Swafford William , Drexler Karen , Schuman Carolyn , Ross Stephen , Wiest Katharina , Korthuis P. Todd , Lawson William , Brigham Gregory S. , Knox Patricia C. , Dawes Michael , Rotrosen John 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsTo examine the safety and effectiveness of buprenorphine + naloxone sublingual tablets (BUP, as Suboxone®) provided after administration of extended‐release injectable naltrexone (XR‐NTX, as Vivitrol®) to reduce cocaine use in participants who met DSM‐IV criteria for cocaine dependence and past or current opioid dependence or abuse.MethodsThis multi‐centered, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, conducted under the auspices of the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network, randomly assigned 302 participants at sites in California, Oregon, Washington, Colorado, Texas, Georgia, Ohio, New York and Washington DC, USA to one of three conditions provided with XR‐NTX: 4 mg/day BUP (BUP4,n = 100), 16 mg/day BUP (BUP16,n = 100, or no buprenorphine (placebo; PLB,n = 102). Participants received pharmacotherapy for 8 weeks, with three clinic visits per week. Cognitive behavioral therapy was provided weekly. Follow‐up assessments occurred at 1 and 3 months post‐intervention. The planned primary outcome was urine drug screen (UDS)‐corrected, self‐reported cocaine use during the last 4 weeks of treatment. Planned secondary analyses assessed cocaine use by UDS, medication adherence, retention and adverse events.ResultsNo group differences were found between groups for the primary outcome (BUP4 versus PLB,P = 0.262; BUP16 versus PLB,P = 0.185). Longitudinal analysis of UDS data during the evaluation period using generalized linear mixed equations found a statistically significant difference between BUP16 and PLB [P = 0.022, odds ratio (OR) = 1.71] but not for BUP4 (P = 0.105, OR = 1.05). No secondary outcome differences across groups were found for adherence, retention or adverse events.ConclusionsBuprenorphine + naloxone, used in combination with naltrexone, may be associated with reductions in cocaine use among people who meet DSM‐IV criteria for cocaine dependence and past or current opioid dependence or abuse.
Human basophil chemotaxis and activation are regulated via the histamine H4 receptor
Authors: Mommert S. , Kleiner S. , Gehring M. , Eiz‐Vesper B. , Stark H. , Gutzmer R. , Werfel T. , Raap U. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundIgE‐mediated cross‐linking of FcεRI results in the release of mediators stored in basophil granules, such as histamine and proteases, and in the de novo synthesis of sulfidoleukotrienes.ObjectiveIn this study, we investigated the role of the histamine receptors, in particular that of the histamine H4 receptor (H4R), in modulating human basophil function.MethodsThe mRNA expression of the histamine receptors was measured by real‐time PCR. Migration of basophils was assessed using the modified Boyden chamber technique. The expression levels of CD63 and CD203c on the cell surface and the sulfidoleukotriene release were determined by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively.ResultsWe could show that highly purified basophils express the H1R, H2R, and H4R but not the H3R mRNA. Human basophils expressed higher H4R mRNA levels as compared to the expression levels of the H1R (P < 0.01). Histamine and the H4R agonist ST‐1006 initiated active migration of basophils (P < 0.001). A significant reduction in FcεRI cross‐linking‐mediated surface expression of CD63 and CD203c was observed on basophils after pre‐incubation with histamine or the specific H4R agonist ST‐1006 (P < 0.01). The synthesis and release of sulfidoleukotrienes from basophils after activation with different stimuli, by FcεRI cross‐linking or by stimulation with hymenoptera venom allergens, were significantly reduced by histamine or the H4R agonist ST‐1006 (P < 0.05–0.001).ConclusionThese data imply that the H4R regulates IgE‐dependent processes in human basophils and provides a novel function of the H4R preventing an overwhelming immune reaction by engagement of a negative feedback loop.
Free fatty acid suppositories are as effective as docusate sodium and sorbitol enemas in treating constipation in children
Authors: Ormarsson Orri Thor , Asgrimsdottir Gudrun Marta , Loftsson Thorsteinn , Stefansson Einar , Lund Sigrun Helga , Bjornsson Einar Stefan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimA well‐documented, clinically proven per rectum treatment for childhood constipation is needed. This phase two clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of suppositories containing free fatty acids (FFA) compared with Klyx docusate sodium and sorbitol enemas.MethodsA randomised, controlled, single‐blind study was undertaken on 77 children aged between one and 17 who presented to an emergency department in Iceland and were diagnosed with constipation. In stage one, 23 patients were randomised to receive lower dose FFA suppositories or Klyx (n = 33). In stage two, 21 different patients were randomised to receive higher dose suppositories and compared with the same Klyx control subjects.ResultsThe suppositories were effective at bowel emptying in 39% of the group who received the lower FFA doses and 81% of the group receiving higher doses, compared with 88% in the Klyx control group. Symptom relief was obtained in 30% of the group receiving the lower doses and 71% of the group receiving the higher doses, compared with 73% in the control group.ConclusionThe higher dose FFA suppositories were as effective as the Klyx enemas with regard to bowel emptying and symptom relief and might provide an important and less invasive alternative for childhood constipation.
Present and future of molecular monitoring in chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Soverini Simona , De Benedittis Caterina , Mancini Manuela , Martinelli Giovanni 
Published: March 2016

SummaryCurrently, physicians treating chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients can rely on a wide spectrum of therapeutic options: the best use of such options is essential to achieve excellent clinical outcomes and, possibly, treatment‐free remission (TFR). To accomplish this, proper integration of expert clinical and laboratory monitoring of CML patients is fundamental. Molecular response (MR) monitoring of patients at defined time points has emerged as an important success factor for optimal disease management and BCR‐ABL1 kinase domain mutation screening is useful to guide therapeutic reassessment in patients who do not achieve optimal responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Deeper MRs might be associated with improved long‐term survival outcomes. More importantly, they are considered a gateway to TFR. In molecular biology, novel procedures and technologies are continually being developed. More sophisticated molecular tools and automated analytical solutions are emerging as CML treatment endpoints and expectations become more and more ambitious. Here we provide a critical overview of current and novel methodologies, present their strengths and pitfalls and discuss what their present and future role might be.
Rattling the cage and opening the door
Authors: Heyes Cecilia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractI share with Poulin‐Dubois and with Sabbagh, Koenig and Kuhlmeier the conviction that more research is needed on the mechanisms supporting selective social learning in infants and children. However, my plea is more specific: for research that tests domain‐specific hypotheses about mechanism against domain‐general hypotheses derived from other fields of cognitive science. Many, but not all, of these alternative hypotheses relate to domain‐general mechanisms of attention.
Comparative evaluation of custom and standard boil and bite (self‐adapted) mouthguards and their effect on the functioning of the oral cavity
Authors: Gawlak Dominika , Mańka‐Malara Katarzyna , Kamiński Tomasz , Łuniewska Magdalena , Mierzwińska‐Nastalska Elżbieta 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundMouthguards provide an effective preventive method against the effects of injuries sustained during sports activities, in particular cycling, football, basketball, skiing or hockey. However, when placed in the oral cavity, they can induce disorders in basic physiological functions.AimThe objective of this clinical study was to compare the effects of various custom mouthguards with generally available standard boil and bite mouthguards on the functions of the oral cavity.Material and methodsA total of a 168 mouthguards (five custom and three standard boil and bite mouthguards) were assessed in a questionnaire‐based survey. Their negative effects on the integrity of mucosa, speech, breathing, salivary flow and taste as well as in terms of inducing gag reflex, tooth clenching and temporomandibular joint complaints were compared.ResultsPorida mouthguard was reported to have the most adverse effects on oral functions. In the majority of the respondents, the remaining mouthguards did not have any adverse effects on the stomatognathic system functions.ConclusionsMouthguards do not significantly disturb basic functions of the stomatognathic system. Standard Porida mouthguards were shown to have the most unfavourable effect on oral functions.
Corporate Governance and Firm‐specific Stock Price Crashes
Authors: Andreou Panayiotis C. , Antoniou Constantinos , Horton Joanne , Louca Christodoulos 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe investigate whether ownership structure, accounting opacity, board structure & processes and managerial incentives attributes relate to future stock price crash risk. Principal component analysis on the 21 attributes that comprise these four corporate governance dimensions reveals that they can explain between 13.1% and 23.0% of a one standard deviation in crash risk. Transient institutional ownership, CEO stock option incentives and the proportion of directors that hold equity increase crash risk, whilst insiders' ownership, accounting conservatism, board size and the presence of a corporate governance policy mitigate crash risk. Overall these relationships are more pronounced in environments that accentuate agency risk.
Is cloning horses ethical?
Authors: Campbell M. L. H. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis paper assesses whether cloning horses is ethical by reviewing ethical arguments against cloning of nonequine species and determining whether they apply to horses, analysing ethical arguments about horse cloning which do not apply to noncompetitive species and considering the ethical dilemmas faced by veterinarians involved in horse cloning. The author concludes that concerns about the health and welfare of cloned horses render the technique ethically problematic and that the onus is on those providing commercial equine cloning services to collate data and provide a stronger evidence base for ethical decision‐making.
Cilostazol exerts antiplatelet and anti‐inflammatory effects through AMPK activation and NF‐kB inhibition on hypercholesterolemic rats
Authors: da Motta Nadia Alice Vieira , de Brito Fernanda Carla Ferreira 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis work presents a model of rats fed a high‐cholesterol diet, receiving a long‐term oral administration of cilostazol, a PDE3‐inhibitor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular mechanisms by which cilostazol interferes with platelets signaling pathways to avoid atherosclerosis early development. Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: Control group received standard rat chow (C), hypercholesterolemic group (HCD), and HCD+CIL (cilostazol group) received hypercholesterolemic diet for 45 days. HCD+CIL group received cilostazol (30 mg/kg/p.o.) once daily in the last 15 days. Platelet aggregation, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and cytokine serum levels were assessed. Expression of P‐selectin, CD40L, PKC‐α, IkB‐α, and iNOS and activation of AMPK, NF‐κB, and eNOS in the platelets were assessed using Western blot analysis. Cilostazol reduced the levels of total cholesterol (361.0 ± 12.8 vs. 111.5 ± 1.6 mg/dL), triglycerides (186.9 ± 17.7 vs. 55.4 ±3.1 mg/dL), cLDL (330.9 ± 9.7 vs. 61.5 ± 3.5 mg/dL), cVLDL (45.0 ± 4.6 vs. 11.1 ± 0.6 mg/dL), and malondialdehyde (9.4 ± 0.5 vs. 3.2 ± 0.3 nmol/mL) compared to the HCD group. Cilostazol presented antiplatelet properties and decreased inflammatory markers levels. These effects seem to be related to AMPK activation, NF‐kB inhibition, and eNOS activation.
Effects of plant architecture and water velocity on sediment retention by submerged macrophytes
Authors: Rovira Albert , Alcaraz Carles , Trobajo Rosa 
Published: March 2016

Summary

Studies quantifying the content of fine particulate matter (organic and inorganic) retained in macrophyte stands are scarce. Thus, little is known about the relationship between retention of fine particulate matter and macrophyte architecture, especially in rivers. Here, we quantified the amount of organic and inorganic fine particulate matter retained by three different macrophyte species having two contrasting plant architectures (‘mesh‐like’ and ‘strap‐like’), to test the role of plant architecture on retention.

Results showed that plant architecture and water velocity were related and their interaction was important for particle sedimentation/retention by macrophyte leaves and stems. The complexity of plant architecture appeared to be the main factor explaining variation in the amount of trapped matter.

Increases in water velocity led to a decline of both the organic and the inorganic particulate matter retained by macrophytes, while a decrease in water velocity was related to an increase in macrophyte cover. The concentrations of trapped matter (both organic and inorganic) also differed significantly among seasons, indicating the existence of a seasonal cycle in the retention of fine particulate matter mainly associated with macrophyte cover (and biomass) and water velocity.

Although there were seasonal and spatial variations in sediment retention in both ‘mesh‐like’ and ‘strap‐like’ architectures, macrophytes were effective sediment traps.