bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Napsin A/p40 antibody cocktail for subtyping non‐small cell lung carcinoma on cytology and small biopsy specimens
Authors: Nishino Michiya , Hoang Mai P. , Della Pelle Patricia , Morales‐Oyarvide Vicente , Huynh Tiffany G. , Mark Eugene J. , Mino‐Kenudson Mari 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDSubtyping non‐small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) into adenocarcinoma (ACA) or squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) is important for treatment and specimen triage for molecular studies. To preserve tissue for molecular studies in cytology/small biopsy specimens, a 2‐antibody cocktail for NSCLC subtyping was developed.METHODSMarkers for lung ACA (thyroid transcription factor 1 and napsin A) and SQCC (cytokeratin 5/6 and p40) were evaluated on tissue microarrays (TMAs) with 143 ACA and 98 SQCC specimens. The napsin A/p40 combination was selected for NSCLC subtyping and validated on the TMA as well as on a cohort of cell block/small biopsy specimens from 80 poorly differentiated NSCLCs.RESULTSUsing TMA analysis, the napsin A‐positive (+)/p40± immunophenotype identified ACA with 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity, whereas the napsin A (negative)‐/p40+ immunophenotype identified SQCC with 100% sensitivity and specificity. On the validation cohort of 80 cell block and small biopsy specimens, the napsin A/p40 cocktail accurately subtyped 63 of 70 NSCLC (90%) as ACA or SQCC using the subsequent surgical resection as reference histology. Of the remaining 17 cases, 15 were classified as NSCLC‐not otherwise specified based on a napsin A‐/p40‐ immunophenotype; their corresponding resections were diagnosed as ACA (7 cases), large cell carcinoma (7 cases), or pleomorphic carcinoma (1 case). Two additional large cell carcinoma cases showed a napsin A‐/p40+ or napsin A+/p40+ profile in the preoperative cell block/small biopsy sample.CONCLUSIONSA napsin A/p40 cocktail can accurately subtype NSCLC into ACA and SQCC in most cell block/small biopsy specimens of poorly differentiated NSCLC. In the minority of cases in which the napsin A/p40 immunophenotype is indeterminate, additional stains may be necessary for precise classification. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:472–84. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Decorative surface finishes: Bronzing, patina‐antiqua, verd‐antique in NY furniture 1810–1830: New York workshops practices 1810–1830
Authors: Patris Pascale 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn Europe during the late 18th century, neo‐classical style had a great influence in architecture and furniture design. The furniture that reflected an archeological reference led furniture makers to replicate in their design the tonalities, colors, and patinas of the deteriorated surfaces of the bronze oxidation by means of artificial processes. A comparative study of verd‐antique samples taken from the decorative surfaces of furniture in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, as well as in diverse private or American museums collections, led to a better understanding in workshops practices of the most influential cabinetmakers working in New York from 1810 to 1830. The layering techniques were predominantly examined in cross‐sections using reflected light microscopy. After extensive research it is now possible to draw conclusions about the methods in use. These methods always based on similar concept, used superposition of pigmented paint layers, and transparent resin coatings, embedded brass particles, or gold powder and glazing. The well preserved faux‐bronze finishes examples are representative of specific verd‐antique variations. It provides case studies from which benchmark examples can be compared to other furniture of the period, and can contribute to attribution to workshops. It also confirms great disparities and variations in the workshop practices. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 232–240, 2016
A methodology for predicting the color trend to get a three‐colored combination
Authors: Hsiao Shih‐Wen , Yang Meng‐Hua 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA color design/selection system for predicting the color trend based on aesthetic measures is proposed in this article. In this method, the analytic hierarchy process theory was used to evaluate the weights for four major consumption style factors in human environment, including Economy, Education, Culture, and Technology. Then 10 product imageries were selected by using the questionnaire, and mapped the images and the factors with the weighted results and clustered both variables with the corresponding ranks. During the implementation procedure, 111 colors samples covering the entire domain of the PCCS (Practical Color Co‐ordinate System) color system were taken, and the aesthetic measure for three‐colored harmony based on aesthetic measure theory was calculated. Then 200 tri‐colored combinations were divided into 10 clusters by using fuzzy clustering. The three‐colored products were then mapped into each cluster with the calculated grand average and Standard Deviation of the imagery values obtained for the three‐colored products. According to the above implementation logic, the relationship among the consumption style factors, the images, as well as the tri‐colored cars can be obtained, and then used to construct a color trend based on market requirement. With the aid of this system, one can get a three‐colored car to match his/her requirement. Although the selection of three‐colored car is taken as an example to specify the methodology, it can also be used to develop a system for other products. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 102–114, 2017
Paternal heat exposure causes DNA methylation and gene expression changes of Stat3 in Wild guinea pig sons
Authors: Weyrich Alexandra , Benz Stephanie , Karl Stephan , Jeschek Marie , Jewgenow Katarina , Fickel Joerns 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms convey environmental information through generations and can regulate gene expression. Epigenetic studies in wild mammals are rare, but enable understanding adaptation processes as they may occur in nature. In most wild mammal species, males are the dispersing sex and thus often have to cope with differing habitats and thermal changes more rapidly than the often philopatric females. As temperature is a major environmental selection factor, we investigated whether genetically heterogeneous Wild guinea pig (Cavia aperea) males adapt epigenetically to an increase in temperature, whether that response will be transmitted to the next generation(s), and whether it regulates mRNA expression. Five (F0) adult male guinea pigs were exposed to an increased ambient temperature for 2 months, corresponding to the duration of the species' spermatogenesis. To study the effect of heat, we focused on the main thermoregulatory organ, the liver. We analyzed CpG‐methylation changes of male offspring (F1) sired before and after the fathers' heat treatment (as has recently been described in Weyrich et al. [Mol. Ecol., 2015]). Transcription analysis was performed for the three genes with the highest number of differentially methylated changes detected: the thermoregulation gene Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (Stat3), the proteolytic peptidase gene Cathepsin Z (Ctsz), and Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) with function in epigenetic regulation. Stat3 gene expression was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), which indicated a close link between CpG‐methylation and expression levels for this gene. The two other genes did not show gene expression changes. Our results indicate the presence of a paternal transgenerational epigenetic effect. Quick adaptation to climatic changes may become increasingly relevant for the survival of wildlife species as global temperatures are rising.
Episodic bedrock erosion by gully‐head migration, Colorado High Plains, USA
Authors: Rengers F. K. , Tucker G. E. , Mahan S. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study explores the frequency of bedrock exposure in a soil‐mantled low‐relief (i.e. non‐mountainous) landscape. In the High Plains of eastern Colorado, gully headcuts are among the few erosional features that will incise through the soil mantle to expose bedrock. We measured the last time of bedrock exposure using optically stimulated luminescence dating of alluvial sediment overlying bedrock in gully headcuts. Our dating suggests that headcuts in adjacent gullies expose bedrock asynchronously, and therefore, the headcuts are unlikely to have been triggered by a base‐level drop in the trunk stream. This finding supports the hypothesis that headcuts can develop locally in gullies as a result of focused scour in locations where hydraulic stress during a flash flood is sufficiently high, and/or ground cover is sufficiently weak, to generate a scour hole that undermines vegetation. Alluvium dating also reveals that gullies have been a persistent part of this landscape since the early Holocene. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical perspectives on mercury toxicity reference values for protection of fish
Authors: Fuchsman Phyllis C. , Henning Miranda H. , Sorensen Mary T. , Brown Lauren E. , Bock Michael J. , Beals Carla D. , Lyndall Jennifer L. , Magar Victor S. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Environmental management decisions at mercury-contaminated sediment sites are predicated on the understanding of risks to various receptors, including fish. Toxicity reference values (TRVs) for interpreting risks to fish have been developed to assess mercury concentrations in fish or fish prey. These TRVs were systematically evaluated based on several lines of evidence. First, their conceptual basis and specific derivation were evaluated, including a close review of underlying toxicity studies. Second, case studies were reviewed to investigate whether TRVs are predictive of effects on fish populations in the field. Third, TRVs were compared with available information regarding preindustrial and present-day background concentrations of mercury in fish. The findings show that existing TRVs are highly uncertain, because they were developed using limited data from studies not designed for TRV derivation. Although field studies also entail uncertainty, several case studies indicate no evidence of adverse effects despite mercury exposures that exceed the available TRVs. Some TRVs also fall within the range of background mercury concentrations in predatory or prey fish. Lack of information on the selenium status of mercury-exposed fish is a critical confounding factor, and the form of methylmercury used in toxicity testing may also contribute to differences between TRV-based predictions and field observations of mercury effects on fish. On balance, the available information indicates that several of the TRVs reviewed are lower than necessary to protect fish populations. The 20% effect concentration from a previously published dose–response analysis appears closer to an effect threshold, based on available laboratory data. Additional research is needed to provide a stronger basis to establish dose–response relationships for mercury effects on fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:529–549. © 2016 SETAC
Environmental surveillance and monitoring—The next frontiers for high-throughput toxicology
Authors: Schroeder Anthony L. , Ankley Gerald T. , Houck Keith A. , Villeneuve Daniel L. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

High-throughput toxicity testing technologies along with the World Wide Web are revolutionizing both generation of and access to data regarding the biological activities that chemicals can elicit when they interact with specific proteins, genes, or other targets in the body of an organism. To date, however, most of the focus has been on the application of such data to assessment of individual chemicals. The authors suggest that environmental surveillance and monitoring represent the next frontiers for high-throughput toxicity testing. Resources already exist in curated databases of chemical–biological interactions, including highly standardized quantitative dose–response data generated from nascent high-throughput toxicity testing programs such as ToxCast and Tox21, to link chemicals detected through environmental analytical chemistry to known biological activities. The emergence of the adverse outcome pathway framework and the associated knowledge base for linking molecular-level or pathway-level perturbations of biological systems to adverse outcomes traditionally considered in risk assessment and regulatory decision-making through a series of measurable biological changes provides a critical link between activity and hazard. Furthermore, environmental samples can be directly analyzed via high-throughput toxicity testing platforms to provide an unprecedented breadth of biological activity characterization that integrates the effects of all compounds present in a mixture, whether known or not. Novel application of these chemical–biological interaction data provides an opportunity to transform scientific characterization of potential hazards associated with exposure to complex mixtures of environmental contaminants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:513–525. © 2016 SETAC
Geriatric characteristics in randomised controlled trials on antidepressant drugs for older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Benraad Carolien E. M. , Kamerman‐Celie Floor , van Munster Barbara C. , Oude Voshaar Richard C. , Spijker Jan , Olde Rikkert Marcel G.M. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveMeta‐analyses of antidepressant drug treatment trials have found that increasing age is associated with a less favourable outcome. Because the prevalence of geriatric characteristics, like disability, medical co‐morbidity, malnutrition, cognitive (dys)function and frailty increase with age and are associated with depression, these characteristics are likely to modify the treatment outcome of antidepressant drugs in late‐life depression. This review examines how these five characteristics are taken into account in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with antidepressant drugs for major depressive disorder in patients aged 60 years or above.DesignA systematic search in PubMED, PsychInfo and EMBASE, from the year 2000 onwards, yielded 27 RCTs, with a total of 6356 subjects with a median age of 71 years. Two reviewers independently assessed whether each characteristic was considered as inclusion or exclusion criterion, descriptive variable, stratification variable, co‐variable, outcome measure, or in adverse effect monitoring.ResultsMalnutrition and frailty were not taken into account in any study. Disability was used as an outcome measure in five studies. Two studies explicitly included a population with possibly serious medical co‐morbidity. Cognitive status was the only condition taken into account as co‐variable (n = 3) or stratifying variable (n = 1) and was used as outcome measure in seven studies.ConclusionsWe conclude that geriatric characteristics are rarely taken into account in RCTs on antidepressant drugs in late‐life depression, and studies including the oldest adults are underrepresented. This warrants recruitment of the oldest adults and adjustment of treatment strategies in future studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flood hydrograph reconstruction from the peak flow value in ephemeral streams using a simplified robust single‐parameter model
Authors: Ronen‐Eliraz G. , Ginat H. , Dody A. , Blumberg D. , Dahan O. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFlood hydrographs from ephemeral streams in arid areas provide valuable information for assessing run‐off and groundwater recharge. However, such data are often scarce or incomplete, especially in hyper‐arid regions. The hypothesis of this study was that it is possible to reconstruct a hydrograph of a specific point along an ephemeral stream with the knowledge of only the peak flow rate of a flood event at that point and that this can be done at almost every point along the stream. The feasibility of this approach lies in the shape of the recession stage of the flood hydrograph, which is known to be a repeating phenomenon. The recession stage comes immediately after the peak flow rate, when it begins its decline, and lasts until the flood is extinguished. A general shape of the flood recession stage can be provided. Because the recession stage represents ~80% of the duration of a flood event, it can provide a general idea of the flood hydrograph's shape. A simple model based on geometric progression is suggested to describe the repeating recession stage of a flood. The advantage of the proposed model is that it requires only one parameter: the recession characteristic at a fixed point along the ephemeral stream, termed recession coefficient q. By knowing the recession coefficient of a fixed point and the peak flow rate of a flood event at that point, one can plot the flood hydrograph. A good agreement is shown between the observed and computed values of the recession stage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Catalytic, Formal Homo‐Nazarov Cyclization as a Template for Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis
Authors: Martin≠ M. Cynthia , Shenje≠ Raynold , France Stefan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSince the formal characterization of diversity‐oriented synthesis (DOS), identification of effective examples of DOS remains an important endeavor for synthetic and pharmaceutical chemists requiring new strategies to generate broader skeletal diversity. Over the last decade, the formal homo‐Nazarov cyclization has been an increasingly popular strategy for the concise assembly of functionalized six‐membered rings due to the advent of catalytic methods to promote the transformation under milder reaction conditions. Moreover, using the formal homo‐Nazarov cyclization as a mechanistic template, reactions can be strategically devised as an effort towards diversity‐oriented synthesis. The resulting “homo‐Nazarov‐inspired” reactions are then demonstrated as a means to access broad structural diversity. This review discusses the development of these catalytic approaches and the successful implementation of the formal homo‐Nazarov reaction as a viable template for diversity‐oriented synthesis.
On Skew E–W Matrices
Authors: Armario José Andrés , Frau María Dolores 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn E–W matrix M is a ( − 1, 1)‐matrix of order , where t is a positive integer, satisfying that the absolute value of its determinant attains Ehlich–Wojtas' bound. M is said to be of skew type (or simply skew) if is skew‐symmetric where I is the identity matrix. In this paper, we draw a parallel between skew E–W matrices and skew Hadamard matrices concerning a question about the maximal determinant. As a consequence, a problem posted on Cameron's website [7] has been partially solved. Finally, codes constructed from skew E–W matrices are presented. A necessary and sufficient condition for these codes to be self‐dual is given, and examples are provided for lengths up to 52.
Minimum Degree and Dominating Paths
Authors: Faudree Ralph J. , Gould Ronald J. , Jacobson Michael S. , West Douglas B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA dominating path in a graph is a path P such that every vertex outside P has a neighbor on P. A result of Broersma from 1988 implies that if G is an n‐vertex k‐connected graph and , then G contains a dominating path. We prove the following results. The lengths of dominating paths include all values from the shortest up to at least . For , where a is a constant greater than 1/3, the minimum length of a dominating path is at most logarithmic in n when n is sufficiently large (the base of the logarithm depends on a). The preceding results are sharp. For constant s and , an s‐vertex dominating path is guaranteed by when n is sufficiently large, but (where ) does not even guarantee a dominating set of size s. We also obtain minimum‐degree conditions for the existence of a spanning tree obtained from a dominating path by giving the same number of leaf neighbors to each vertex.
Predicting all‐cause readmissions using electronic health record data from the entire hospitalization: Model development and comparison
Authors: Nguyen Oanh Kieu , Makam Anil N. , Clark Christopher , Zhang Song , Xie Bin , Velasco Ferdinand , Amarasingham Ruben , Halm Ethan A. 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDIncorporating clinical information from the full hospital course may improve prediction of 30‐day readmissions.OBJECTIVETo develop an all‐cause readmissions risk‐prediction model incorporating electronic health record (EHR) data from the full hospital stay, and to compare “full‐stay” model performance to a “first day” and 2 other validated models, LACE (includes Length of stay, Acute [nonelective] admission status, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and Emergency department visits in the past year), and HOSPITAL (includes Hemoglobin at discharge, discharge from Oncology service, Sodium level at discharge, Procedure during index hospitalization, Index hospitalization Type [nonelective], number of Admissions in the past year, and Length of stay).DESIGNObservational cohort study.SUBJECTSAll medicine discharges between November 2009 and October 2010 from 6 hospitals in North Texas, including safety net, teaching, and nonteaching sites.MEASURESThirty‐day nonelective readmissions were ascertained from 75 regional hospitals.RESULTSAmong 32,922 admissions (validation = 16,430), 12.7% were readmitted. In addition to many first‐day factors, we identified hospital‐acquired Clostridium difficile infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18‐3.48), vital sign instability on discharge (AOR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.15‐1.36), hyponatremia on discharge (AOR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.18‐1.51), and length of stay (AOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.07) as significant predictors. The full‐stay model had better discrimination than other models though the improvement was modest (C statistic 0.69 vs 0.64‐0.67). It was also modestly better in identifying patients at highest risk for readmission (likelihood ratio +2.4 vs. 1.8–2.1) and in reclassifying individuals (net reclassification index 0.02–0.06).CONCLUSIONSIncorporating clinically granular EHR data from the full hospital stay modestly improves prediction of 30‐day readmissions. Given limited improvement in prediction despite incorporation of data on hospital complications, clinical instabilities, and trajectory, our findings suggest that many factors influencing readmissions remain unaccounted for. Further improvements in readmission models will likely require accounting for psychosocial and behavioral factors not currently captured by EHRs. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:473–480. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine