bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preface: Franz-Josef Kaup and the development of the Pathology Unit at the German Primate Center
Authors: Mätz-Rensing Kerstin , Bleyer Martina 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. This special issue about selected diseases of nonhuman primates was created in honor of Franz-Josef Kaup, who worked as a primate pathologist at the German Primate Center (DPZ) for 25 years. In 1992, Franz-Josef Kaup started his career at the DPZ as head of the working group Experimental Pathology. Prior to that he worked as a research assistant in the division Electron Microscopy at the Institute of Pathology of the University of Veterinary Medicine in Hanover. He was very experienced in the field of electron microscopy and used this expertise to establish a central electron microscopy laboratory at the DPZ. In the beginning, research of the working group Experimental Pathology was focused on gastrointestinal and respiratory infections and was closely related to projects of the Department of Virology. At that time, experimental infections of rhesus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and associated opportunistic infections became the main subject of his research. The contribution of Christiane Stahl-Hennig and coauthors about SIV-induced cardiovascular diseases reflects the still ongoing collaboration in this research field. After merging the Experimental Pathology and Primate Husbandry in 1996, Franz-Josef Kaup headed the newly created Department of Veterinary Medicine and Primate Husbandry. This department became the central service unit of the DPZ in 1999 and offered a broad spectrum of services in veterinary diagnostics, primate husbandry, and animal welfare, which was intensively used by many internal and external scientists. In 2001, Walter Bodemer joined the group and the scientific contents expanded with a new focus on the pathogenesis of prion diseases. Some important aspects of this era are summarized in the work of Walter Bodemer.
Effect of humates in diet of dairy cows on the raw milk main components
Authors: Potůčková Miroslava , Kouřimská Lenka 
Published: October 2017

The effect of supplemental humic substances (HS) on the main milk components was investigated. A total of 10 dairy cows (Czech pied cattle, crossbred Czech pied cattle ´ Ayrshire and crossbred Czech pied cattle ´ Red Holstein) were tested. Animals were randomly divided into 2 groups, control (C) and experimental (E). Animals fed the same feed mixture and group E was additionally supplemented with HS (200 mg.kg-1 of product Humafit prepared from the Sakhalin Leonardite). The experimental period took 3 months. Cows were milked twice a day. The milk composition (lactose, fat, crude protein, pure protein and casein) of every cow was monitored on days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 of the experiment. Pure protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method, other components were analysed using an infrared analyserMilkoScan FT 120. It was found that the crude protein, pure protein and casein content in milk of group E significantly (p <0.05) increased from the 56th day of the experimental period. Differences of the protein fraction contents in group C and of the dry matter, non-fat dry matter, lactose and fat content in both groups were non-significant (p <0.05).Higher protein and especially casein content in milk could be very important for the cheesemaking as it could increase the cheese yield.
Morphological characteristics and determination of volatile organic compounds of Diospyros virginiana L. genotypes fruits
Authors: Grygorieva Olga , Klymenko Svitlana , Vergun Olena , Hudz Nataliia , Nikolaieva Nataliia , Schubertová Zuzana , Palamarchuk Olena , Brindza Ján 
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to determine morphometric differences of fruits and seeds between 19 selected American persimmon (Diospyros virginiana L.) genotypes. The genotypes of American persimmon have been growing more than 15 years in Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine. They are well adapted to the climatic and soil conditions. The fruits were collected at the period of their full maturity (October). The population differs in a weight, shape, size and color of fruits and seeds. Their morphometric parameters were following: fruit weight from 2.30 to 81.30 g, fruit length from 8.84 to 49.73 mm, fruit width from 12.84 to 55.34 mm, seed weight from 0.1 to 1.0 g, seed length from 8.30 to 20.88 mm, fruit width from 7.04 to 14.88 mm, seed thickness from 1.98 to 7.09 mm and number of seeds in the fruit from 1 to 8. Partenocarpic fruits are found in some genotypes. The shape indexes of fruits and seeds were found ranging from 0.74 to 1.10 and from 1.01 to 1.77, respectively. During the analysis of qualitative composition and quantitative content of volatiles of fruits from the 4 perspective genotypes of Diospyros virginiana 106 compounds were detected. From them 83 compounds were identified. The identified compounds belong to alcohols, saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, ketons, fatty acids, esters, terpenoids etc. The fruits are rich in fat acids. The outcome of the research points to the fact that the genepool of Ukrainian Diospyros virginiana is a rich source of genetic diversity and might be used in selection for creation a new genotypes and cultivars.
A Corpus-Based Comparative Study of Malaysian ESL Learners and Native English Speakers in Compliment Patterns
Authors: Muthusamy Paramasivam , Farashaiyan Atieh 
Published: October 2017

Even though many language learners are concerned with to master target proficiency, owing to years of meticulous studies, immersion in TL environments, access to multimedia and educational amenities, in addition to availability of affluent sources or merely thanks to God-given language talents, many will seldom take off from conspicuous learner-language and might never produce authentic language either in speech or in writing. In recent years, however, with corpus linguistics gaining currency in academia, a new light has begun to glimmer at the end of the tunnel that corpus-based materials and data-driven language instructions can actively and consciously engage learners and acquaint them with what authentic language is rather than what the text books prescribe it to be. Already, a growing body of research has been dedicated to data-driven learning across the world to survey the effectiveness of incorporating corpora in ELT. As such, the purpose of this research is to investigate the patterns of compliments in writings of the Malay ESL students and compare the findings with native English speakers. The results showed that the Malay ESL learners used a rather different number of syntactic patterns compared to the English native speakers and their frequency of patterns outgrew those of the natives.
Assessment of corrosion resistance of cast cobalt- and nickel-chromium dental alloys in acidic environments
Authors: Mercieca Sven , Caligari Conti Malcolm , Buhagiar Joseph , Camilleri Josette 
Published: October 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the degradation resistance of nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) and cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys used as a base material for partial dentures in contact with saliva. Methods: Wiron® 99 and Wironit Extra-Hard® were selected as representative casting alloys for Ni-Cr and Co-Cr alloys, respectively. The alloys were tested in contact with deionized water, artificial saliva and acidified artificial saliva. Material characterization was performed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and microhardness and nanohardness testing. The corrosion properties of the materials were then analyzed using open circuit potential analysis and potentiodynamic analysis. Alloy leaching in solution was assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques. Results: Co-Cr alloy was more stable than the Ni-Cr alloy in all solutions tested. Leaching of nickel and corrosion attack was higher in Ni-Cr alloy in artificial saliva compared with the acidified saliva. The corrosion resistance of the Co-Cr alloy was seen to be superior to that of the Ni-Cr alloy, with the former exhibiting a lower corrosion current in all test solutions. Microstructural topographical changes were observed for Ni-Cr alloy in contact with artificial saliva. The Ni-Cr alloy exhibited microstructural changes and lower corrosion resistance in artificial saliva. The acidic changes did not enhance the alloy degradation. Conclusions: Ni-Cr alloys are unstable in solution and leach nickel. Co-Cr alloys should be preferred for clinical use.
Tumor Necrosis Factor and its Soluble Receptors as Potential Diagnostic Markers of Endometriosis
Authors: Rocha Ana L. , Vieira Erica L. , Ferreira Márcia C. , Teixeira Antonio L. , Reis Fernando M. 
Published: October 2017

Introduction Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a proinflammatory and angiogenic factor produced by activated macrophages. TNF acts through the cell membrane receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2, whose soluble forms play an important role in regulating TNF activity through competition with its receptors. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether TNF and/or its soluble receptors are useful to detect endometriosis in women undergoing laparoscopy for gynecological complains. Methods This was a prospective, controlled, cross-sectional study including 75 consecutive women scheduled for gynecological laparoscopy due to chronic pelvic pain, infertility, or a pelvic image suggestive of endometrioma. Plasma TNF and soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) were measured by flow cytometry with the Cytometric Bead Array Human TH1/TH2 Kit (BD Biosciences). Results Women ultimately proven to have endometriosis had lower preoperative plasma levels of sTNFR1 (median 81 pg/mL vs. 121 pg/mL, p<0.05), resulting in higher TNF/sTNFR1 ratios compared to those without endometriosis (0.055 vs. 0.033, p<0.05). Using the cut-off <108 pg/mL for plasma sTNFR1 to detect endometriosis in this setting, the sensitivity was 51.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35%-68%), the specificity was 75.0% (95% CI, 61%-85%) and the positive likelihood ratio was 2.1 (95% CI, 1.1-3.8). The area under the ROC curve was 0.647 (SE = 0.065; 95% CI, 0.519-0.774; p = 0.031). Conclusions Plasma sTNFR1 levels are lower in symptomatic women with confirmed endometriosis compared to symptomatic women without endometriosis. The lower plasma sTNFR1 levels may increase the bioavailability of TNF, thereby contributing to the systemic low grade inflammation associated with endometriosis.
“Paying the Shot”: Hank Morgan's Miller-Gun and Monetary Policy in Camelot
Authors: Wonham Henry B. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Hank Morgan thinks of himself as an instigator of the first industrial revolution, but his career in Camelot more accurately maps onto a late nineteenth-century revolution, one that witnessed the decline of the profit-driven entrepreneur and the rise of the corporate oligarch whose interest was less in establishing a competitive advantage among rivals than in maintaining price and currency stability across the economy. The novel grapples more seriously than critics have realized with this transition and with a changing conception of money that accompanies the rise of the corporate regime. A seemingly innocuous object, something Hank calls the miller-gun, plays an important role in this story about the emergence of economic stability as an aspiration among corporate and political leaders of the 1880s and '90s.
Ética y ciudadanía: el papel del filósofo en el siglo XXI
Authors: López Velasco Sirio 
Published: October 2017

This brief notes reflect on the experience and situation of American Latin philosopher. The author poses that the philosopher has currently a role that must not be ideological and can not be characterized as an "organic intellectual". Due that the philosopher is committed with the opressed. What the society expects from her or him is a commitment with the social struggles and a critical point of view about them. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 114, 2007: 643-653
Dialectical Logic K-Model: A Mathematical Model for Machine
Authors: Jiang Yaozhi 
Published: October 2017

An axiom system for dialectical logic K-model which based on Kirchhoff energy-method is established by author in the paper. The author describes that subjective-laws is the mirror imagine reflected from objective-laws and defines that the three-step which named by sensation, abstraction and thinking in artificial intelligence. At same time, describes that axiom system for dialectical logic K-model, in which contains such as logic-variable energy conservation law, Mozi’s principle( mini-max principle) and forbidden law, etc. In the axiom system also contain such as a continuous true-value-function system valued on interval and the K-graph for logic-variable. And describes the giving value method by matrix based on K-graph satisfied Kirchhoff laws to the logic variable. The author describes simply the linear and nonlinear logic variable system. And describes simply the logic variable involved three-dimension Euclidean space and topology networks space separately. Dialectical logic K-model would supply an computation algorithm idea for machine so that the machine is able to think by dialectical logic method, thus an important information-treated method maybe the dialectical logic.
Regulering van de vestiging en uitzetting van Nederlanders binnen het Koninkrijk
Authors: Aswani S.N. 
Published: October 2017

Regulering van de vestiging en uitzetting van Nederlanders binnen het Koninkrijk
Binnen het Koninkrijk geldt een gezamenlijke nationaliteit die een ongedeeld karakter kent, namelijk de Nederlandse nationaliteit. Uit de officiële toelichting bij het Statuut en uit diverse handboeken en Kamerstukken blijkt dat de landen binnen het Koninkrijk een grote mate van vrijheid genieten om een toelatingsbeleid ten opzichte van Nederlanders te creëren, maar hierbij mag geen onderscheid worden gemaakt naar het land van afkomst van de Nederlander. Om de vestiging van de Caribische Nederlanders te reguleren, wil de Nederlandse politiek een toelatingsbeleid creëren. Er is ook een wetsvoorstel aanhangig gemaakt waarbij een terugzendmaatregel in het leven wordt geroepen voor criminele Antillianen.
An Investigation of the Ionospheric Disturbances Due to the 2014 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events Over Brazilian Sector
Authors: de Jesus R. , Batista I. S. , Jonah O. F. , de Abreu A. J. , Fagundes P. R. , Venkatesh K. , Denardini C. M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe present study investigates the ionospheric F region response in the Brazilian sector due to sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events of 2014. The data used for this work are obtained from GPS receivers and magnetometer measurements during day of year (DOY) 01 to 120, 2014 at different stations in the equatorial and low‐latitude regions in the Brazilian sector. In addition, the data obtained from Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellites during DOY 01 to 75 of 2014 are used. The main novelty of this research is that, during the 2014 SSW events, daytime vertical total electron content (VTEC) shows a strong increase on the order of about 23% and 11% over the equatorial and low‐latitude regions, respectively. We also observed that the nighttime VTEC (SSW days) is increased by 8% and 33% over equatorial and low‐latitude regions, respectively. The magnetometer measurements show a strong counterelectrojet during the SSW days. The results show an amplification of the 0.5 day and ~2–16 day periods in the VTEC and equatorial electrojet during the SSWs. The occurrences of ionospheric irregularities during the SSW events are around 84% and 53% in the equatorial and low‐latitude regions, respectively, which is less frequent when compared with those during the pre‐SSW periods.
Pressure and Fluid Effect on Frequency‐Dependent Elastic Moduli in Fully Saturated Tight Sandstone
Authors: Yin Hanjun , Zhao Jianguo , Tang Genyang , Zhao Liming , Ma Xiaoyi , Wang Shangxu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe developed a system to explore the effects of pressure and fluid viscosity on the dispersion and attenuation of fully saturated tight sandstones, especially at seismic frequencies. Calibration of the new system revealed that the system can operate reliably at frequencies of [2–200, 106] Hz. Tight sandstone with a “crack–pore” microstructure was tested under nitrogen gas (dry), brine, and glycerin saturation. A frequency‐dependent effect was not found for the dry case. However, apparent dispersion and attenuation for the undrained/unrelaxed transition was clearly observed for sample under brine or glycerin saturation, the magnitude of which was largely suppressed by increasing effective pressure. The measurement results illustrated that increasing the fluid viscosity or the effective pressure will shift the dispersion curve to the lower frequency range. A simple squirt‐flow model with dual‐porosity scheme was used to compare with the measurement results. Although the estimated values deviated slightly from the data, the trend fitted the saturated data relatively well, especially at low effective pressures. Therefore, considering the crack–pore microstructure of the tight sandstone, dispersion and attenuation are induced predominantly by the squirt‐flow stiffening effect from cracks to pores.
Spatial and Temporal Variation in Methane Concentrations, Fluxes, and Sources in Lakes in Arctic Alaska
Authors: Townsend‐Small Amy , Åkerström Frida , Arp Christopher D. , Hinkel Kenneth M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractClimate warming may lead to a positive feedback of increased emissions of CH4 from sediments beneath Arctic lakes, but the contribution of these lakes to the global CH4 budget is poorly quantified. Here we present results of a study of CH4 concentrations and sources from a series of 50 lakes in Arctic Alaska across an 80,000 km2 spatial gradient and a 2 year time period. We measured dissolved CH4 concentrations and stable isotopes of CH4 in lakes in the North Slope of Alaska in August 2014 and 2015 and April 2015 (under ice). Stable isotopes indicated that biogenic CH4 dominated versus thermogenic sources, with both acetate fermentation and carbonate reduction sources. Dissolved CH4 was about 100 times higher under the ice than during the summer, indicating that the spring ice off period is a large source of atmospheric CH4. Open‐water dissolved CH4 concentrations had a negative relationship with latitude in both years of our study, although CH4 fluxes were consistent among a subset of lakes measured along a ~150 km north to south transect in both years (14 lakes in 2014 and 12 in 2015). Dissolved CH4 concentrations and fluxes were significantly higher in August 2015 versus August 2014, concurrent with a 3°C higher mean water temperature in 2015 versus 2014. Much longer‐term monitoring is needed, however, to conclude that CH4 emissions from Arctic lakes mirror observed warming trends. This study provides valuable baseline data and can inform methods for future studies investigating carbon cycle‐climate change feedbacks in Alaskan Arctic lakes.
Ocean Modeling on a Mesh With Resolution Following the Local Rossby Radius
Authors: Sein Dmitry V. , Koldunov Nikolay V. , Danilov Sergey , Wang Qiang , Sidorenko Dmitry , Fast Irina , Rackow Thomas , Cabos William , Jung Thomas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe discuss the performance of the Finite Element Ocean Model (FESOM) on locally eddy‐resolving global unstructured meshes. In particular, the utility of the mesh design approach whereby mesh horizontal resolution is varied as half the Rossby radius in most of the model domain is explored. Model simulations on such a mesh (FESOM‐XR) are compared with FESOM simulations on a smaller‐size mesh, where refinement depends only on the pattern of observed variability (FESOM‐HR). We also compare FESOM results to a simulation of the ocean model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPIOM) on a tripolar regular grid with refinement toward the poles, which uses a number of degrees of freedom similar to FESOM‐XR. The mesh design strategy, which relies on the Rossby radius and/or the observed variability pattern, tends to coarsen the resolution in tropical and partly subtropical latitudes compared to the regular MPIOM grid. Excessive variations of mesh resolution are found to affect the performance in other nearby areas, presumably through dissipation that increases if resolution is coarsened. The largest improvement shown by FESOM‐XR is a reduction of the surface temperature bias in the so‐called North‐West corner of the North Atlantic Ocean where horizontal resolution was increased dramatically. However, other biases in FESOM‐XR remain largely unchanged compared to FESOM‐HR. We conclude that resolving the Rossby radius alone (with two points per Rossby radius) is insufficient, and that careful use of a priori information on eddy dynamics is required to exploit the full potential of ocean models on unstructured meshes.
Warming and Cooling: The Medieval Climate Anomaly in Africa and Arabia
Authors: Lüning Sebastian , Gałka Mariusz , Vahrenholt Fritz 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) is a well‐recognized climate perturbation in many parts of the world, with a core period of 1000–1200 Common Era. Here we present a palaeotemperature synthesis for the MCA in Africa and Arabia, based on 44 published localities. The data sets have been thoroughly correlated and the MCA trends palaeoclimatologically mapped. The vast majority of available Afro‐Arabian onshore sites suggest a warm MCA, with the exception of the southern Levant where the MCA appears to have been cold. MCA cooling has also been documented in many segments of the circum‐Africa‐Arabian upwelling systems, as a result of changes in the wind systems which were leading to an intensification of cold water upwelling. Offshore cores from outside upwelling systems mostly show warm MCA conditions. The most likely key drivers of the observed medieval climate change are solar forcing and ocean cycles. Conspicuous cold spikes during the earliest and latest MCA may help to discriminate between solar (Oort Minimum) and ocean cycle (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, AMO) influence. Compared to its large share of nearly one quarter of the world's landmass, data from Africa and Arabia are significantly underrepresented in global temperature reconstructions of the past 2,000 years. Onshore data are still absent for most regions in Africa and Arabia, except for regional data clusters in Morocco, South Africa, the East African Rift, and the Levant coast. In order to reconstruct land palaeotemperatures more robustly over Africa and Arabia, a systematic research program is needed.