bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four Weeks of Finger Grip Training Increases the Rate of Force Development and the Maximal Force in Elite and Top World-Ranking Climbers
Authors: Levernier Guillaume , Laffaye Guillaume 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLevernier, G and Laffaye, G. Four weeks of finger grip training increases the rate of force development and the maximal force in elite and top world-ranking climbers.J Strength Cond Res33(9): 2471–2480, 2019—The goal of this study was to assess the impact of a specific 4-week training program on finger grip in climbers; specifically, on the maximal force and the rate of force development (RFD) of finger muscles in isometric contraction. The participants were 14 French male rock climbers who took part in national and international bouldering competitions (at world-ranking and elite levels). They were divided into 2 samples. The experimental group performed a specific 4-week training program that included such exercises as suspensions on small holds at the rate of 2 times a week. The control group performed climbing exercises only. The maximal force and the RFD were recorded using a specific dynamometer in 3 different holding conditions (slope crimp, half crimp, and full crimp). Results reveal a significant gain of force for the slope crimp (+8%) and a high increase of the RFD in the first 200 ms of the force-time slope (between 27.5 and 32% for averaged conditions), suggesting a neural gain rather than a change in muscle-tendon structure. These results reveal that a 4-week training program is enough to improve the level of maximum force and the RFD in elite climbers. Bearing in mind that climbing will make its appearance in a future Olympic Games in the form of a combined competition, i.e., bouldering, speed climbing, and lead climbing, it will be crucial for each athlete to develop both a high level of force and RFD to be competitive.
Solar Powered Electro-Bio-Stabilization of Soil with Ammonium Pollution Prevention System
Authors: Keykha Hamed A. , Asadi Afshin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This technical note aims to show the utility of solar energy coupled by electrobiogrouting as an environmentally friendly source of energy and prevent disposal of Ammonium in soil for the successful application of bacteria for soil improvement. A small-scale column electrokinetic cell was set up to inject carbonate-producing bacteria into the soil. Also, a solar power supply was utilized to generate a dc voltage of around 35 V for different treatment times. The results showed that the application of the concentrated solar-powered electro-microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation (CSP-E-MICP) method to the soil increased the unconfined compressive strength of the soil at different curing time. The results of this experiment revealed that the unconfined shear strength of the soil increased due to the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation between the soil particles. In this method, the ammonium (NH4+) was retained in the cathode chamber by the graphite cathode electrode, and the pollution prevention system minimized the leakage of NH4+ ions into the soil.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Marble under the Combined Effects of Chemical Solutions and Freeze–Thaw Cycles
Authors: Han Tielin , Shi Junping , Chen Yunsheng , Cao Xiaoshan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Because of the increasingly common use of rocks in engineering projects in cold regions, an understanding of the degradation of rocks during freeze–thaw cycles has become especially important. Because the water in contact with rocks is often contaminated with pollutants that are either acidic or basic, it is also important to determine the effects of the freeze–thaw cycles on rocks when they come in contact with acids and bases. Uniaxial and triaxial compression tests were conducted on marble specimens under the combined effect of water chemical corrosion and freeze–thaw cycles. The variation of mechanical properties of marble specimens was analyzed under uniaxial and triaxial compression. A damage variable based on the porosity of marble was found to determine quantitatively the chemical corrosion and freeze–thaw damage degrees of marble specimens. Test results showed that for different chemical solutions (distilled water, sulfuric acid solution, and sodium hydroxide solution) and with increasing freeze–thaw cycles, the deterioration of the physical and mechanical parameters of marble specimens aggravated gradually. Moreover, the peak strength and elasticity modulus of marble specimens decreased exponentially, but the peak strain increased linearly. The acidic sulfuric acid solution accelerated the degradation of the marble specimens compared to water alone, but the basic sodium hydroxide solution slowed the freeze–thaw damage of the marble specimens compared to pure water. When the number of freeze–thaw cycles exceeded 50, this inhibition effect no longer existed. The damage degradation of rock produced by water chemical solutions, together with the freeze–thawing cycles, simultaneously affects the damage deterioration degree of marble.
Corrosion Behavior of High and Low Temperature Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) in Iron Ore Slurry
Authors: Aithal Pooja M. , Vijayan Vijeesh , Surendranathan A. O. , Udupa K. R. , Samuel K. G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Corrosion behavior of austempered ductile iron (ADI) and forged EN31 steel balls in a ground iron ore slurry was studied as a function of time in the slurry, while the microstructure of ADI developed due to different tempering temperature and tempering time. The corrosion rates of the grinding balls immersed in the iron ore slurry were determined using electrochemical analysis and weight loss methods. It was found that the pH of the iron ore slurry increased with time and the corrosion behavior was influenced by the pH of the slurry. The corrosion rate of forged EN31 steel balls increased with the increase in time and pH of the slurry, whereas the corrosion rate of ADI balls depended on the austempering treatment. In general, the forged EN31 steel ball offered better corrosion resistance than ADIs during the early stages of exposure in the slurry (low pH values of the slurry), but at higher pH values of the slurry, the ADIs yielded better corrosion resistance than forged EN31 steel balls. The ADI austempered at higher temperatures showed better corrosion resistance than the ones austempered at lower temperatures.
Pervasive, Genome-Wide Transcription in the Organelle Genomes of Diverse Plastid-Bearing Protists
Authors: Sanitá Lima Matheus , Smith David Roy 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Organelle genomes are among the most sequenced kinds of chromosome. This is largely because they are small and widely used in molecular studies, but also because next-generation sequencing technologies made sequencing easier, faster, and cheaper. However, studies of organelle RNA have not kept pace with those of DNA, despite huge amounts of freely available eukaryotic RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data. Little is known about organelle transcription in nonmodel species, and most of the available eukaryotic RNA-seq data have not been mined for organelle transcripts. Here, we use publicly available RNA-seq experiments to investigate organelle transcription in 30 diverse plastid-bearing protists with varying organelle genomic architectures. Mapping RNA-seq data to organelle genomes revealed pervasive, genome-wide transcription, regardless of the taxonomic grouping, gene organization, or noncoding content. For every species analyzed, transcripts covered ≥85% of the mitochondrial and/or plastid genomes (all of which were ≤105 kb), indicating that most of the organelle DNA—coding and noncoding—is transcriptionally active. These results follow earlier studies of model species showing that organellar transcription is coupled and ubiquitous across the genome, requiring significant downstream processing of polycistronic transcripts. Our findings suggest that noncoding organelle DNA can be transcriptionally active, raising questions about the underlying function of these transcripts and underscoring the utility of publicly available RNA-seq data for recovering complete genome sequences. If pervasive transcription is also found in bigger organelle genomes (&gt;105 kb) and across a broader range of eukaryotes, this could indicate that noncoding organelle RNAs are regulating fundamental processes within eukaryotic cells.
Antecedentes del estudio metabólico de MDPV y metilona. Propuesta de un modelo de biotransformación a través de hongos del género Cunninghamella
Authors: Silva Eliana A. , Martínez Jorge A. 
Published: September 2017

La (±)-3,4-metilendioxipirovalerona (MDPV) y la (±)-3,4-metilenedioximetilcatinona (metilona) son algunos de los derivados sintéticos de catinonas más frecuentemente encontrados en productos que se comercializan como “sales de baño” y que hoy en día se emplean como drogas de abuso. Los reportes de casos fatales por consumo de estas sustancias aumentan cada día, y aunque existen algunos estudios farmacológicos y toxicológicos, no son claros los mecanismos de acción y los efectos causados por su consumo recreativo. La implementación de sistemas que permitan conocer el metabolismo de estas drogas en humanos y el diseño de métodos analíticos para su detección son ahora objeto de investigación. Este artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica acerca de los estudios de biotransformación para MDPV y metilona empleando modelos in vitro con microsomas hepáticos humanos, fracciones celulares S9 y modelos in vivo con animales de experimentación y posterior análisis de los metabolitos que hay hasta la fecha. Las técnicas analíticas utilizadas para el análisis de metabolitos incluyen cromatografía líquida acoplada a detector selectivo de masas (LC-MS o LC-MS/MS) o la formación de derivados acetilados o sililados para su posterior análisis por cromatografía de gases acoplada a detector selectivo de masas (GC-MS). Además, se incluye una propuesta para el estudio del metabolismo para metilona y MDPV a través de hongos del género Cunninghamella.
The European Medicines Agency Review of Carfilzomib for the Treatment of Adult Patients with Multiple Myeloma Who Have Received at Least One Prior Therapy
Authors: Tzogani Kyriaki , Camarero Jiménez Jorge , Garcia Isabel , Sancho-López Arantxa , Martin Marc , Moreau Alexandre , Demolis Pierre , Salmonson Tomas , Bergh Jonas , Laane Edward , Ludwig Heinz , Gisselbrecht Christian , Pignatti Francesco 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
On November 19, 2015, a marketing authorization valid through the European Union was issued for carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have received at least one prior therapy.
In a phase III trial in patients with relapsed MM, median progression-free survival (PFS) for patients treated with carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (CRd) was 26.3 months versus 17.6 months for those receiving lenalidomide and dexamethasone alone (hazard ratio = 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.57–0.83; one-sided log-rank p value &lt; .0001). The most frequently observed toxicity (grade ≥3, treatment arm vs. control arm) in the phase III trial included neutropenia (29.6% vs. 26.5%), anemia (17.9% vs. 17.7%), thrombocytopenia (16.8% vs. 12.3%), pneumonia (12.5% vs. 10.5%), fatigue (7.7% vs. 6.4%), hypertension (4.6% vs. 2.1%), diarrhea (3.8% vs. 4.1%), and respiratory tract infection (4.1% vs. 2.1%).
The objective of this article is to summarize the scientific review of the application leading to regulatory approval in the European Union. The scientific review concluded that the gain in PFS of 8.7 months observed with the combination of CRd was considered clinically meaningful and was supported by a clear trend in overall survival benefit, although the data were not mature. The delay in disease progression appeared superior to available alternatives in the setting of relapsed MM at the time of the marketing authorization of carfilzomib. Therefore, given the overall accepted safety profile, which was considered manageable in the current context, the benefit risk for CRd was considered positive.
Sarcopenia Is Associated with Quality of Life and Depression in Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Nipp Ryan D. , Fuchs Georg , El-Jawahri Areej , Mario Julia , Troschel Fabian M. , Greer Joseph A. , Gallagher Emily R. , Jackson Vicki A. , Kambadakone Avinash , Hong Theodore S. , Temel Jennifer S. , Fintelmann Florian J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Patients with advanced cancer often experience muscle wasting (sarcopenia), yet little is known about the characteristics associated with sarcopenia and the relationship between sarcopenia and patients’ quality of life (QOL) and mood.

Materials and Methods
As part of a randomized trial, we assessed baseline QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General [FACT-G]) and mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]) in patients within 8 weeks of diagnosis of incurable lung or gastrointestinal cancer, and prior to randomization. Using computed tomography scans collected as part of routine clinical care, we assessed sarcopenia at the level of the third lumbar vertebra with validated sex-specific cutoffs. We used logistic regression to explore characteristics associated with presence of sarcopenia. To examine associations between sarcopenia, QOL and mood, we used linear regression, adjusted for patients’ age, sex, marital status, education, and cancer type.

Results
Of 237 participants (mean age = 64.41 ± 10.93 years), the majority were male (54.0%) and married (70.5%) and had lung cancer (56.5%). Over half had sarcopenia (55.3%). Older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, p = .002) and education beyond high school (OR = 1.95, p = .047) were associated with greater likelihood of having sarcopenia, while female sex (OR = 0.25, p &lt; .001) and higher body mass index (OR = 0.79, p &lt; .001) correlated with lower likelihood of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was associated with worse QOL (FACT-G: B = −4.26, p = .048) and greater depression symptoms (HADS-depression: B = −1.56, p = .005).

Conclusion
Sarcopenia was highly prevalent among patients with newly diagnosed, incurable cancer. The associations of sarcopenia with worse QOL and depression symptoms highlight the need to address the issue of sarcopenia early in the course of illness.

Implications for Practice
This study found that sarcopenia, assessed using computed tomography scans acquired as part of routine clinical care, is highly prevalent in patients with newly diagnosed, incurable cancer. Notably, patients with sarcopenia reported worse quality of life and greater depression symptoms than those without sarcopenia. These findings highlight the importance of addressing muscle loss early in the course of illness among patients with incurable cancer. In the future, investigators should expand upon these findings to develop strategies for assessing and treating sarcopenia while striving to enhance the quality of life and mood outcomes of patients with advanced cancer.
Intervention programmes for HIV and AIDS prevention: a study of in- school adolescents in Orlu Senatorial Zone of Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: C. Ezeama M. , E. Enwereji E. , A. Onyekwere I. 
Published: September 2017

Background: Helpful strategies to prevent human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among adolescents remain the greatest challenge in developing countries including Nigeria. In Nigeria, interventions for preventing HIV and AIDS for in-school adolescents are limited. This study used class-room instruction (CI) and drama (DR) for HIV and AIDS prevention among in-school adolescents in Orlu Senatorial Zone.Methods: A quasi-experimental design using 165 students from three randomly selected co-educational secondary schools was adopted. Two experimental groups (CI and DR) and a control group were used for the study. Baseline data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire with 29-point knowledge and 9-point attitudinal scales. Knowledge was analysed using the scores <15 and ≥15 for low and high knowledge respectively. For attitude, scores of <5 and ≥5 were categorised as negative and positive respectively. The results for baseline studies were used to design interventions that were implemented for 8 weeks. Also, mid-term and follow-up evaluations were conducted during the study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA at p=0.05.Results: The mean ages of the respondents in CI, DR and control groups were 13.4±1.2, 13.9±1.5 and 13.8±1.2 years respectively. Knowledge scores on HIV and AIDS at baseline were 20.5±2.7, 20.4±2.6 and 21.1±2.7 for CI, DR and Control groups respectively. These scores increased to 22.7±2.7, 22.6±1.8 and 21.2±0.3 at mid-term for CI, DR and control, respectively. At follow-up, scores for CI and DR increased to 23.9±1.8 and 24.5±1.4 respectively while the score for the control dropped to 20.0±2.8. Scores for attitude for CI, DR and control groups during baseline study were 5.3±1.4, 4.9±1.5 and 5.3±1.0 respectively. For mid-term, attitude scores were 5.1±1.2, 5.0±0.9 and 4.7±1.5 for CI, DR and control respectively while scores for follow-up were 5.3±1.2, 5.6±0.7 and 4.5±1.2, indicating greater increase among the intervention groups than that of control.Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, drama yielded more positive outcomes in both knowledge gained and in attitudinal change among in-school adolescents than classroom instruction. Drama intervention is therefore, an important HIV and AIDS prevention strategy for in- school adolescents.
Triple ligation technique of clipless laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a spanner especially for complicated cholecystitis
Authors: Mukesh K. Sangwan , Vijayata Sangwan , Mohinder K. Garg , Deepak Singla 
Published: September 2017

Background: Although in the era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy cystic duct occlusion has been tried by clips, harmonic and plasma kinetic quite effectively but cost, availability and inadvertent injury to biliary duct are concerning factors. Intra-corporeal ligation has evolved to address these issues effectively as a boon especially for the peripheral centres where availability and cost of energy sources weighs heavier than their associated ease. Triple ligation technique is a time preserving modification without any compromise in safety and quality of surgery. The aim of our study is not only to elucidate the importance of intra-corporeal ligation in safety and cost of surgery but also to enlighten its role in safe management of even difficult cases of cholecystitis.Methods: A retrospective observational study. All cases of symptomatic gallstones operated by laparoscopic triple ligation technique were included in the study.Results: More than half (63.4%) of the cases in our study were having chronic cholecystitis was reported in 63.4% of the cases while 36.4 % cases have acute cholecystitis. Mean duration of surgery was 46.4 and 71.2 minutes in chronic and acute cases respectively. No case of bile duct or vascular injury has been reported in our study. Only 3.8% of the cases were converted to open. Gallbladder perforation was most common complication noted in 12.8% of the cases.Conclusions: Triple ligation technique of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not only a time sparing modification but is also a veritable, safe and frugal tool with excellent results even in complicated cholecystitis without compromising its outcome and prime.
A prospective study of clinical, biochemical and radiological features in pancreatitis
Authors: Kumar Bhimwal Raj , Makwana Mohan , Ram Panwar Rewat , Lal Kanwar 
Published: September 2017

Background: Pancreatitis is quite common problem, it may present either as abdominal emergency with fulminant course or as an indolent process leading to long-term medical as well as surgical complications often leading to poor prognosis if not intervened timely.Methods: The present study conducted in the department of medicine, Dr. S. N. medical college, Jodhpur. Participants after understanding the study protocol and procedure, asked to give their written consent for the study. A cross sectional hospital based study in patients admitted in various medical wards of Dr. S. N. medical college, Jodhpur. 50 patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis were studied.Results: In the present study, most common cause of acute pancreatitis is biliary disease (50%) followed by alcoholism (37.5%) and in chronic pancreatitis is alcoholism (80%). Acute pancreatitis was more common in males (62.5%, 25 males) whereas chronic pancreatitis in males (80%, 8 male). Abdominal pain is the most common symptom (97.5%) followed by nausea-vomiting (92.5%) in acute pancreatitis. The history of previous abdominal pain in 100% of cases followed by epigastria pain in 90% of cases, in chronic pancreatitis. The amylase and lipase were elevated in 90% of cases. The amylase and lipase levels did not correlate with the severity. 66.6% of patients had severe pancreatitis with a positive predictive value of 66.6%. The ultrasonography imaging of pancreas was helpful in 70% and 100% in acute and chronic pancreatitis respectively. The CT scan was a better imaging modality as compared to ultrasonography in acute pancreatitis, where as it scored over ultrasonography imaging in chronic pancreatitis with complications.Conclusions: Relevant clinical history, ultrasonography and computed tomography scan of pancreas are helpful in diagnosis of pancreatitis. The computed tomography scan was a better imaging modality as compared to ultrasonography.
Profile of eye lid lesions over a decade: a histopathological study from a tertiary care center in South India
Authors: Mohan Bhavya P. , V. Letha 
Published: September 2017

Background: Eyelid lesions are commonly encountered in histopathology practice and encompass a wide variety of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Here we report the histopathological features of eyelid lesions in patients presenting to a tertiary care center in Kerala, South India.Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 414 eyelid lesions were identified over a period of 10 years (January 2006 - December 2015). In each case, details including age, gender and final histopathological diagnosis were recorded from histopathology registers.Results: Non-neoplastic lesions (52.4%) were more common than neoplastic lesions (47.6%). In the neoplastic lesions, benign tumors outnumbered (37.7%) malignant tumors (9.9%). Age of patients ranged from 1 to 90 years with a mean age of 43.4 years. M: F ratio was 1:1.3. The most common non-neoplastic lesion was epidermal cyst (14.3%) followed by parasitic granuloma (9.2%), chalazion and dermoid cyst (5.6% each). Nevus was the commonest benign eyelid tumor (13.7%) followed by squamous papilloma (9.2%), seborrhoeic keratosis and capillary hemangioma (3.9% each). Sebaceous carcinoma was the most frequent malignant tumor (2.4%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (2.2%) and basal cell carcinoma (1.5%). Uncommon lesions encountered were actinomycosis, tuberculous granuloma, amyloid deposit, calcinosis cutis, molluscum, angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, xanthelasma, granular cell tumor, benign fibrous histiocytoma, mucinous eccrine adenocarcinoma etc.Conclusions: Eyelid lesions were commoner in females and in 5th and 6th decades. Epidermal cyst and nevus were the commonest benign lesions and sebaceous carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor. The results are comparable with available data from South India.