bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical consistency and phylogenetic inference: a brief review
Authors: Brower Andrew V. Z. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe claim that parsimony can be statistically inconsistent remains the chief criticism of the cladistic approach, and also the main justification for alternative model‐based approaches such as maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Despite its refutation in the 1980s, this persistent myth of parsimony's Achilles’ heel is entrenched in the primary literature, and has metastasized into textbooks, as well. Here, I review historical controversies, and offer three short arguments as to why statistical consistency is not only irrelevant to systematics, but to empirical science in general.
Conservation of interacting species in network‐constrained environments
Authors: Lois Sabela , Cowley David E. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTAimWe apply a novel approach in a spatial network context to identify factors influencing a parasite–host system and to distinguish focal areas for conservation of interacting species.LocationTwenty river networks in southern Europe (Spain)MethodsSpatial stream network (SSN) models were applied to analyse and predict density and biomass of interacting species in river networks. Density of an endangered freshwater mussel (parasite) and biomass data of its host fish were response variables for models with fixed‐effect biotic and abiotic predictors and three random effect models for spatial covariance. Universal kriging with the SSN models was used to obtain predictions for parasite density and host biomass for the entire study region.ResultsSpatial stream network (SSN) models fitted separately for parasite density and host biomass explained 75% and 77% of the variance, respectively. Predictors explained 5% of the variance for the parasite and 14% for the host. Host biomass was the most important predictor of parasite density. The tail‐up and tail‐down spatial covariances fitted to the residual variance explained more than a half of the total variance in both models. Significant biotic and abiotic predictors differed between the parasite and host models. Combining model predictions for parasite density and host biomass identified areas where different strategies might be employed to conserve biotic interactions.Main conclusionsConservation of biotic interactions requires consideration of respective ecologies of the interacting species. In a network environment, connectivity of habitats can be an important determinant for occurrence of biotic interactions. Spatially explicit analyses, such as the SSN, can identify focal areas for conservation of biotic interactions. Conservation focused on biotic interactions, as opposed to a single species, could yield benefits to the focal species, the biotic community with which they occur and the ecosystem that supports them.
Trophic ecology of adult male Odonata. II. Dietary contributions of aquatic food sources
Authors: CHARI LENIN D. , MOYO SYDNEY , RICHOUX NICOLE B. 
Published: September 2017

1. Insects that emerge from rivers provide nutritional subsidies to local riparian predators. Adult damselflies and dragonflies often benefit from aquatic resources, but their high mobility and evasiveness have made it difficult to monitor their diets.2. A dual fatty acid and stable isotope analysis approach was used to investigate the links between Odonata size and behaviour with proportions of their aquatically derived nutritional sources. Additionally, the study investigated the variation in dietary contributions of aquatic food sources to Odonata between two sections of a river, each with different aquatic productivity rates.3. Variations in body size and foraging method of Odonata in the Kowie River (South Africa) contributed to differences in the contributions of aquatic food sources to their diets. Large Odonata that consumed prey in flight had smaller proportions of aquatic indicator fatty acids and stable isotope‐generated proportions of aquatic food sources than did the smaller Odonata that consumed prey from perches.4. There was a considerable amount of interspecific variation in indicators of aquatic feeding, but Odonata at an upstream site had smaller proportions of aquatic indicators than those at a downstream site which had higher insect emergence rates.5. The findings of this study contribute information on the dynamics of feeding ecology among adult Odonata, and the substantial contributions of aquatic prey (>80% of total diet in some cases) indicated that cross‐boundary trophic linkages via odonates are strong in the Kowie River.
Rediscovery and conservation status of six short‐range endemic Pseudanophthalmus cave beetles (Carabidae: Trechini)
Authors: Niemiller Matthew L. , Zigler Kirk S. , Ober Karen A. , Carter Evin T. , Engel Annette S. , Moni Gerald , Philips T. Keith , Stephen Charles D. R. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

The North American endemic cave beetle genus Pseudanophthalmus is exceptionally diverse, with >150 described taxa in karst regions of the eastern United States. Eighty‐seven per cent of taxa, however, are at risk of extinction due to small, restricted distributions, low abundance, and several potential anthropogenic threats to their habitats.

Six species in Tennessee are exceedingly rare and are candidates for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act: Coleman Cave Beetle (P. colemanensis), Fowler's Cave Beetle (P. fowlerae), Inquirer Cave Beetle (P. inquisitor), Bakers Station Cave Beetle (P. insularis), Noblett's Cave Beetle (P. paulus), and Soothsayer Cave Beetle (P. tiresias). Each species is an extreme short‐range endemic. Four species have not been observed in several decades, and two species (P. insularis and P. paulus) are considered possibly extinct.

We searched 57 caves in 15 counties in Tennessee, including eight of the nine historical localities of the six Pseudanophthalmus species between July 2013 and March 2016 to determine if populations were still extant, to search for new populations, and to estimate relative abundance.

We confirmed the continued existence of all six species, including P. fowlerae, P. insularis, P. paulus, and P. tiresias, which had not been observed in 52, 60, 50, and 42 years, respectively. We also discovered five new populations in total, one for each species except for P. paulus.

Although U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ruled that all six species do not warrant federal listing, all species continue to have restricted ranges and remain at an elevated risk of extinction.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of oral isotretinoin versus topical isotretinoin in the treatment of plane warts: a randomized open trial
Authors: Kaur Gagan J. , Brar Balvinder K. , Kumar Sumir , Brar Sukhmani K. , Singh Baltej 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundPlane warts are a common therapeutic problem. Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of oral versus topical isotretinoin in the treatment of plane warts.MethodsForty patients with multiple plane warts were randomized into two groups. Group A was treated with oral isotretinoin capsules in the dose of 0.5 mg/kg/d and Group B with topical isotretinoin 0.05% in gel formulation once daily at night. Treatment was given to the patients for 3 months or until the complete clearance of lesions, whichever was earlier. Patients with complete response were followed up monthly for 4 months to record the relapse rate.ResultsResults were analyzed in 16 patients of Group A and 13 patients of Group B. At the end of 3 months of therapy, 11 (69%) patients in Group A had complete remission whereas five (31%) had partial remission. In Group B, at the end of study, five (38%) patients had complete remission and six (46%) had partial remission, whereas two patients had no remission. The difference was statistically significant between two groups;P <0.0001. The most common side effect in Group A was cheilitis. In Group B, five patients had to be dropped because they developed severe erythema and scaling.ConclusionOral isotretinoin showed better and earlier response than topical isotretinoin. Oral isotretinoin should definitely be given a trial particularly in cases of multiple facial warts before trying various destructive procedures.
Preliminary result with incisional negative pressure wound therapy and pectoralis major muscle flap for median sternotomy wound infection in a high‐risk patient population
Authors: Lo Torto Federico , Monfrecola Ambra , Kaciulyte Juste , Ciudad Pedro , Casella Donato , Ribuffo Diego , Carlesimo Bruno 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTDeep sternal wound infection (DSWI) represents a dangerous complication that can follow open‐heart surgery with median sternotomy access. Muscle flaps, such as monolateral pectoralis major muscle flap (MPMF), represent the main choices for sternal wound coverage and infection control. Negative pressure incision management system has proven to be able to reduce the incidence of these wounds' complications. Prevena™ represents one of these incision management systems and we aimed to evaluate its benefits. A total of 78 patients with major risk factors that presented post‐sternotomy DSWI following cardiac surgery was selected. Thrity patients were treated with MPMF and Prevena™ (study group). Control group consisted of 48 patients treated with MPMF and conventional wound dressings. During the follow‐up period, 4 (13%) adverse events occurred in the study group, whereas 18 complications occurred (37·5%) in the control group. Surgical revision necessity and mean postoperative time spent in the intensive care unit were both higher in the control group. Our results evidenced Prevena™ system's ability in improving the outcome of DSWI surgical treatment with MPMF in a high‐risk patient population.
Surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: Prognostic indicators of short‐term results
Authors: Koldsland Odd Carsten , Wohlfahrt Johan C. , Aass Anne M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical and radiographic short‐term (6 months) effect of surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis, and to identify prognostic indicators affecting the outcome using a multilevel statistical model.Materials & MethodsA total of 143 implants (45 patients) with a diagnosis of progressive peri‐implantitis (progressive bone loss (PBL) ≥2.0 mm and bleeding on probing (BoP)/suppuration) received surgical treatment. Clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed 6 months postoperatively. Potential prognostic indicators on subject, implant and site level prior to surgery were analysed to evaluate the effect on individual and composite outcomes using multilevel logistic regression analysis.ResultsAt the 6‐month evaluation, none of the implants demonstrated PBL and 14% of the implants were registered with the absence of bleeding and no pocket probing depth ≥6 mm. Multilevel regression analysis identified, among others, suppuration, pocket probing depth >8 mm, bone loss >7 mm and the presence of plaque as criteria associated with the outcome.ConclusionResective peri‐implantitis surgery seemed to reduce the amount of peri‐implant inflammation. However, most of the sites continued to have BoP/suppuration. Thus, long‐term maintenance and evaluation is warranted. The effect of treatment was reduced by some prognostic indicators such as the presence of suppuration prior to interception and peri‐implant bone loss exceeding 7 mm.
Female fecundity and offspring survival are not increased through sexual cannibalism in the spider Larinioides sclopetarius
Authors: Deventer S. A. , Herberstein M. E. , Mayntz D. , O'Hanlon J. C. , Schneider J. M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMany hypotheses explaining the evolution and maintenance of sexual cannibalism incorporate the nutritional aspect of the consumption of males. Most studies have focused on a fecundity advantage through consumption of a male; however, recent studies have raised the intriguing possibility that consumption of a male may also affect offspring quality. In particular, recent studies suggest prolonged survival for offspring from sexually cannibalistic females. Here, we measured the protein and lipid content of males compared to insect prey (crickets), quantified female nutrient intake of both prey types and finally assessed how sexual cannibalism affects female fecundity and spiderling quality in the orb‐web spider Larinioides sclopetarius. We found no evidence that sexual cannibalism increased fecundity when compared to a female control group fed a cricket. Contrary to previous studies, spiderlings from females fed a male showed reduced survival under food deprivation compared to spiderlings from the control group. Offspring from females fed a male also tended to begin web construction sooner. The low lipid content of males compared to crickets may have reduced offspring survival duration. Whether additional proteins obtained through consumption of a male translate to enhanced silk production in offspring requires further investigation.
Treatment of multiple maxillary adjacent class I and II gingival recessions with modified coronally advanced tunnel and a new xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix
Authors: Vincent‐Bugnas Séverine , Borie Gwenaël , Charbit Yves 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the treatment of maxillary Miller Class I and II multiple adjacent gingival recessions using the modified coronally advanced tunnel technique (MCAT) combined with a new porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM).Materials and MethodsTwelve patients exhibiting at least six adjacent maxillary Miller Class I and II gingival recessions were consecutively treated by means of MCAT and a PADM. Recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), probing pocket depth (PD), keratinized tissue height (KT), clinical attachment level (CAL), mean root coverage (RC), and complete root coverage (CRC) were recorded.ResultsAt 12 months, CRC was obtained in 43% of the 100 gingival recessions, while the mean RC measured 84.35%. Mean RD reduction was 3.16 ± 0.75 mm (P < 0.001), mean RW reduction was 1.73 ± 0.65 mm (P < 0.001), while the gain of CAL was 3.26 ± 1.33 mm (P < 0.001). All patients were satisfied with the esthetic appearance and would undergo the same surgery again.ConclusionWithin their limits, the present results indicate that treatment of Miller Class I and II multiple gingival recessions using PADM in conjunction with the MCAT could be successfully used as an alternative to connective tissue grafts, with the advantage of avoiding the discomfort and morbidity of connective tissue harvesting.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe modified coronally advanced tunnel technique using the new porcine acellular dermal matrix represents a clinically and esthetically satisfactory treatment of multiple Miller Class 1 and 2 recession defects.
Irritable bowel syndrome in Asia: Pathogenesis, natural history, epidemiology, and management
Authors: Gwee Kok‐Ann , Ghoshal Uday Chand , Chen Minhu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHistorically, the epidemiology of gastrointestinal diseases in Asia was different from that in Western countries. Early studies suggested a low prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Asia. As the diagnosis of IBS is symptom‐based and as symptom perception, expression, and interpretation are influenced by sociocultural perspectives including language, the presentation of IBS is expected to vary in different communities. Furthermore, the pathogenesis is multifactorial with psychosocial (stress, illness, behavior, and diet) and biological (infection, gut microbiota, and immune activation) variables interacting, and so, the present study can anticipate that the development of IBS will vary in different environments. In recognition of this aspect of functional gastrointestinal disorders, the recently published Rome IV documents have provided greater focus on cross‐cultural factors. In this review, the present study seeks to highlight Asian perspectives by identifying historical trends and recent publications from the region and comparing these with the observations from Western societies.
Are CNM‐Attended Births in Texas Hospitals Underreported?
Authors: Biscone Erin S. , Cranmer John , Lewitt MaryJane , Martyn Kristy K. 
Published: September 2017

IntroductionAccurate data on the number of births attended by certified nurse‐midwives and certified midwives (CNMs/CMs) are required to establish the public health benefits attributed to the midwifery model of care and the role of CNMs/CMs in the US health care system. However, the number of CNM/CM‐attended births may be underreported in birth certificate data. The purpose of this project was to estimate the number of births CNM practices attended in Texas hospitals in 2014 and to describe Texas CNMs' knowledge about their hospitals' policies on naming CNMs as birth attendants.MethodsCNMs from Texas practices employing CNMs completed a survey. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize respondent data. These results were used to impute data for practices that did not respond to the survey so that total estimates for the state could be calculated.ResultsCNM‐attended hospital births in Texas in 2014 may be underreported by 65%. Most CNMs (90%) keep records of births attended, but only 19% of practices receive facility reports with the births CNMs in the practice attended.DiscussionCNMs/CMs need to regularly verify that they are being named as the provider on birth certificates for births they attend and work with advocacy groups, hospital administrators, physicians, legislators, and policy makers to improve the accuracy of birth certificate data.
Control of Pratylenchus brachyurus in soybean with Trichoderma spp. and resistance inducers
Authors: Kath Juliana , Dias‐Arieira Cláudia R. , Ferreira Júlio César Antunes , Homiak Juliana Aparecida , Silva Camila Rocco da , Cardoso Carine Rezende 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTrichoderma spp. is a fungus with nematode control potential; however, its potential to control the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus remains poorly studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to select Trichoderma spp. isolates and assess their ability to control P. brachyurus in soybean crops. Different experiments were conducted aiming at selecting isolates, assessing whether they were able to reduce nematode penetration in plants or cause mortality in vitro, and whether they were able to induce resistance in soybean, as well as at studying the possibility of using the selected isolates associated with resistance inducers (acibenzolar‐S‐methyl, Ecolife™ and AgroMos™). The selection experiment found three isolates showing satisfactory results, namely GF422, GF425 and GF427; the GF362 isolate was assessed in the subsequent experiments. These four isolates reduced P. brachyurus penetration in soybean roots and promoted nematode mortality in vitro. Increased total protein and catalase activity were recorded, mainly in the 72‐hr assessments. Overall, the protein production was different between isolates. The best results were found in the combination between the GF362 isolate and the three resistance inducers, between GF427 and Ecolife™, between GF427 and AgroMos™ and between GF422 and Ecolife™.
Accidental displacement of mandibular third molar root into the sublingual space and delayed removal
Authors: Yamashita Y. , Iwai T. , Oaki Y. , Omura S. , Aoki N. , Tohnai I. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOral surgeons rarely experience accidental displacement of a mandibular impacted third molar into adjacent anatomical spaces as a complication. As any displaced third molar or its root is commonly removed at the time of displacement or within several weeks of the extraction, delayed removal several years after initial extraction is extremely rare. We report here accidental displacement of a mandibular third molar root into the sublingual space and a 5‐year delay in its removal. A 42‐year‐old woman presented to our department with pain and swelling in the lingual aspect of the left mandible. Computed tomography revealed a 15 × 11 × 9 mm lesion, with a similar density to that of the surrounding bone and involving the lingual cortex of the left mandible. A yellowish‐white hard tissue lesion was protruding from the lingual mucosa of the left mandibular ramus. The patient had undergone removal of a left impacted mandibular third molar at a private dental clinic 5 years earlier and we diagnosed the lesion as a remnant third molar root. The patient had not been informed by her dentist of accidental displacement of the tooth into the sublingual space after crown removal. After complete alleviation of inflammation, the patient underwent intraoral removal of the root under general anaesthesia. After elevating the lingual mucoperiosteal flap from the mandibular ramus to the premolar region, the root was easily removed using an elevator and forceps. Her postoperative course was uneventful and there were no complications such as lingual nerve injury.
EAACI guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: Prevention of allergy
Authors: Halken Susanne , Larenas‐Linnemann Desiree , Roberts Graham , Calderón Moises A. , Angier Elisabeth , Pfaar Oliver , Ryan Dermot , Agache Ioana , Ansotegui Ignacio J. , Arasi Stefania , Du Toit George , Fernandez‐Rivas Montserrat , Geerth van Wijk Roy , Jutel Marek , Kleine‐Tebbe Jörg , Lau Susanne , Matricardi Paolo M. , Pajno Giovanni B. , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Penagos Martin , Santos Alexandra F. , Sturm Gunter J. , Timmermans Frans , van Ree R. , Varga Eva‐Maria , Wahn Ulrich , Kristiansen Maria , Dhami Sangeeta , Sheikh Aziz , Muraro Antonella 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAllergic diseases are common and frequently coexist. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a disease‐modifying treatment for IgE‐mediated allergic disease with effects beyond cessation of AIT that may include important preventive effects. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) has developed a clinical practice guideline to provide evidence‐based recommendations for AIT for the prevention of (i) development of allergic comorbidities in those with established allergic diseases, (ii) development of first allergic condition, and (iii) allergic sensitization. This guideline has been developed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE II) framework, which involved a multidisciplinary expert working group, a systematic review of the underpinning evidence, and external peer‐review of draft recommendations. Our key recommendation is that a 3‐year course of subcutaneous or sublingual AIT can be recommended for children and adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe allergic rhinitis (AR) triggered by grass/birch pollen allergy to prevent asthma for up to 2 years post‐AIT in addition to its sustained effect on AR symptoms and medication. Some trial data even suggest a preventive effect on asthma symptoms and medication more than 2 years post‐AIT. We need more evidence concerning AIT for prevention in individuals with AR triggered by house dust mites or other allergens and for the prevention of allergic sensitization, the first allergic disease, or for the prevention of allergic comorbidities in those with other allergic conditions. Evidence for the preventive potential of AIT as disease‐modifying treatment exists but there is an urgent need for more high‐quality clinical trials.