bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-lasting antiviral innate immune priming in the Lophotrochozoan Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas
Authors: Lafont Maxime , Petton Bruno , Vergnes Agnès , Pauletto Marianna , Segarra Amélie , Gourbal Benjamin , Montagnani Caroline 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the last decade, a paradigm shift has emerged in comparative immunology. Invertebrates can no longer be considered to be devoid of specific recognition and immune memory. However, we still lack a comprehensive view of these phenomena and their molecular mechanisms across phyla, especially in terms of duration, specificity, and efficiency in a natural context. In this study, we focused on a Lophotrochozoan/virus interaction, as antiviral priming is mostly overlooked in molluscs. Juvenile Crassostrea gigas oysters experience reoccurring mass mortalities events from Ostreid herpes virus 1 with no existing therapeutic treatment. Our results showed that various nucleic acid injections can prime oysters to trigger an antiviral state ultimately protecting them against a subsequent viral infection. Focusing on poly(I:C) as elicitor, we evidenced that it protected from an environmental infection, by mitigating viral replication. That protection seemed to induce a specific antiviral response as poly(I:C) fails to protect against a pathogenic bacteria. Finally, we showed that this phenomenon was long-lasting, persisting for at least 5 months thus suggesting for the first time the existence of innate immune memory in this invertebrate species. This study strengthens the emerging hypotheses about the broad conservation of innate immune priming and memory mechanisms in Lophotrochozoans.
Ecosystem carbon storage in forest fragments of differing patch size
Authors: Ma Lei , Shen Chunyu , Lou Duo , Fu Shenglei , Guan Dongsheng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractForest fragmentation threatens the ecosystem carbon (C) storage. The distribution patterns of ecosystem C density are poorly documented for fragmented forests of differing patch size. The objectives of this study were to examine C density in these forest ecosystems and the influence of edge effects on C density. Allometric equations were used to quantify aboveground biomass. Carbon density was estimated by analyzing the C concentration of each component. We found that ecosystem carbon density ranged from 173.9 Mg ha−1 in the small sized forest fragments, to 341.1 Mg ha−1 in the contiguous evergreen sub-tropical forest. Trees (46.5%) and mineral soil (50.2%) were the two largest contributors to the total ecosystem C pool in all fragments. Both C and nitrogen (N) in soil and fine roots were highly heterogeneous among the different fragment sizes and soil depths. We concluded that ecosystem C density of forest fragments were significantly influenced by patch size and edge effects. The fragmented forests in southern China play an important role in the C budget, and need urgent conservation. These results are likely to be further integrated into forest management plans and generalized into other contexts, to evaluate C stocks at the landscape scale.
Oscillatory electrostatic potential on graphene induced by group IV element decoration
Authors: Du Chunyan , Yu Liwei , Liu Xiaojie , Liu Lili , Wang Cai-Zhuang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe structures and electronic properties of partial C, Si and Ge decorated graphene were investigated by first-principles calculations. The calculations show that the interaction between graphene and the decoration patches is weak and the semiconductor patches act as agents for weak electron doping without much disturbing graphene electronic π-bands. Redistribution of electrons due to the partial decoration causes the electrostatic potential lower in the decorated graphene areas, thus induced an electric field across the boundary between the decorated and non-decorated domains. Such an alternating electric field can change normal stochastic adatom diffusion to biased diffusion, leading to selective mass transport.
Interfering with the high-affinity interaction between wheat amylase trypsin inhibitor CM3 and toll-like receptor 4: in silico and biosensor-based studies
Authors: Cuccioloni Massimiliano , Mozzicafreddo Matteo , Bonfili Laura , Cecarini Valentina , Giangrossi Mara , Falconi Maurizio , Saitoh Shin-Ichiroh , Eleuteri Anna Maria , Angeletti Mauro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWheat amylase/trypsin bi-functional inhibitors (ATIs) are protein stimulators of innate immune response, with a recently established role in promoting both gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal inflammatory syndromes. These proteins have been reported to trigger downstream intestinal inflammation upon activation of TLR4, a member of the Toll-like family of proteins that activates signalling pathways and induces the expression of immune and pro-inflammatory genes. In this study, we demonstrated the ability of ATI to directly interact with TLR4 with nanomolar affinity, and we kinetically and structurally characterized the interaction between these macromolecules by means of a concerted approach based on surface plasmon resonance binding analyses and computational studies. On the strength of these results, we designed an oligopeptide capable of preventing the formation of the complex between ATI and the receptor.
The distribution of stars around the Milky Way’s central black hole
Authors: Schödel R. , Gallego-Cano E. , Dong H. , Nogueras-Lara F. , Gallego-Calvente A. T. , Amaro-Seoane P. , Baumgardt H. 
Published: October 2017

Context. This is the second of three papers that search for the predicted stellar cusp around the Milky Way’s central black hole, Sagittarius A*, with new data and methods.
Aims. We aim to infer the distribution of the faintest stellar population currently accessible through observations around Sagittarius A*.
Methods. We used adaptive optics assisted high angular resolution images obtained with the NACO instrument at the ESO VLT. Through optimised PSF fitting we removed the light from all detected stars above a given magnitude limit. Subsequently we analysed the remaining, diffuse light density. Systematic uncertainties were constrained by the use of data from different observing epochs and obtained with different filters. We show that it is necessary to correct for the diffuse emission from the mini-spiral, which would otherwise lead to a systematically biased light density profile. We used a Paschen α map obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope for this purpose.
Results. The azimuthally averaged diffuse surface light density profile within a projected distance of R ≲ 0.5 pc from Sagittarius A* can be described consistently by a single power law with an exponent of Γ = 0.26 ± 0.02stat ± 0.05sys, similar to what has been found for the surface number density of faint stars in Paper I.
Conclusions. The analysed diffuse light arises from sub-giant and main-sequence stars with Ks ≈ 19−22 with masses of 0.8−1.5 M⊙. These stars can be old enough to be dynamically relaxed. The observed power-law profile and its slope are consistent with the existence of a relaxed stellar cusp around the Milky Way’s central black hole. We find that a Nuker law provides an adequate description of the nuclear cluster’s intrinsic shape (assuming spherical symmetry). The 3D power-law slope near Sgr A* is γ = 1.13 ± 0.03model ± 0.05sys. The stellar density decreases more steeply beyond a break radius of about 3 pc, which corresponds roughly to the radius of influence of the massive black hole. At a distance of 0.01 pc from the black hole, we estimate a stellar mass density of 2.6 ± 0.3 × 107 M⊙ pc-3 and a total enclosed stellar mass of 180 ± 30  M⊙. These estimates assume a constant mass-to-light ratio and do not take stellar remnants into account. The fact that a flat projected surface density is observed for old giants at projected distances R ≲ 0.3 pc implies that some mechanism may have altered their appearance or distribution.
The FRIGG project: From intermediate galactic scales to self-gravitating cores
Authors: Hennebelle Patrick 
Published: October 2017

Context. Understanding the detailed structure of the interstellar gas is essential for our knowledge of the star formation process.Aim. The small-scale structure of the interstellar medium (ISM) is a direct consequence of the galactic scales and making the link between the two is essential.Methods. We perform adaptive mesh simulations that aim to bridge the gap between the intermediate galactic scales and the self-gravitating prestellar cores. For this purpose we use stratified supernova regulated ISM magneto-hydrodynamical simulations at the kpc scale to set up the initial conditions. We then zoom, performing a series of concentric uniform refinement and then refining on the Jeans length for the last levels. This allows us to reach a spatial resolution of a few 10−3 pc. The cores are identified using a clump finder and various criteria based on virial analysis. Their most relevant properties are computed and, due to the large number of objects formed in the simulations, reliable statistics are obtained.Results. The cores’ properties show encouraging agreements with observations. The mass spectrum presents a clear powerlaw at high masses with an exponent close to ≃−1.3 and a peak at about 1–2 M⊙. The velocity dispersion and the angular momentum distributions are respectively a few times the local sound speed and a few 10−2 pc km s−1. We also find that the distribution of thermally supercritical cores present a range of magnetic mass-to-flux over critical mass-to-flux ratios, typically between ≃0.3 and 3 indicating that they are significantly magnetized. Investigating the time and spatial dependence of these statistical properties, we conclude that they are not significantly affected by the zooming procedure and that they do not present very large fluctuations. The most severe issue appears to be the dependence on the numerical resolution of the core mass function (CMF). While the core definition process may possibly introduce some biases, the peak tends to shift to smaller values when the resolution improves.Conclusions. Our simulations, which use self-consistently generated initial conditions at the kpc scale, produce a large number of prestellar cores from which reliable statistics can be inferred. Preliminary comparisons with observations show encouraging agreements. In particular the inferred CMFs resemble the ones inferred from recent observations. We stress, however, a possible issue with the peak position shifting with numerical resolution.
Stent Thrombosis
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Mukesh , Lotfi Amir 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe most dreaded complication with percutaneous coronary intervention with stents, either bare-metal or drug-eluting stents is stent thrombosis (ST) and it has a significant detrimental effect on the outcome for the patient. The initial attempts at intervention with bare-metal stents had much higher rates of ST compared with what is currently prevailing in the modern interventional world. Significant changes with respect to the stent technology, pharmacology, and most importantly our understanding of this phenomenon have decreased the risk of ST. There are many factors that can be performed to minimize the risk of ST and this review will describe the incidence, pathophysiology, and contributing risk factors to ST.
Neurovisual Assessment in Children with Ataxia Telangiectasia
Authors: Galli Jessica , Molinaro Anna , Franzoni Alessandra , Micheli Roberto , Pinelli Lorenzo , Plebani Alessandro , Soresina Annarosa , Fazzi Elisa , Iodice Alessandro 
Published: October 2017

Aim Visual impairment is present in almost all patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and, due to their early onset, constitute an important disabling aspect of the syndrome: the quality of vision is limited by dyspraxia and oculomotor abnormal movements. The purpose of this observational study was to describe visual disorders, notably oculomotor impairment, in a sample of children with AT.
Methods Fifteen AT patients (mean age 12 years and 4 months) underwent a neurovisual evaluation, particularly focused on oculomotor functions (fixation, smooth pursuit, saccades, and abnormal ocular movements). We compared the visual profile obtained with that described using the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) subscale of oculomotor dysfunction.
Results Refractive errors were seen in eight patients and strabismus in three. Major oculomotor findings were fixation abnormalities (6/15), saccadic impairment (15/15), and abnormal smooth pursuit (14/15). Abnormal ocular movements were seen in 13/15 (saccadic intrusion in 8 and nystagmus in 5). Using ICARS scale, 13/15 children presented gaze-evoked nystagmus, 4/15 a clearly saccadic pursuit, and 11/15 dysmetria of saccades.
Discussion We propose a clinical neurovisual evaluation, which could be integrated with ICARS scores in the study of oculomotor involvement in AT pediatric patients. We strongly recommend the empowerment of visual functions to slow down progressive global disability of these patients.
Ascendobifemoral Bypass for the Treatment of a Thoracic Endograft Infection
Authors: Pleger Sebastian , Nink Nadine , Böning Andreas , Koshty Ahmed 
Published: October 2017

Background Endograft infections (EIs) are rare complications after endovascular procedures in the thoracic and abdominal aortas. The challenging treatment encloses antibiotic and surgical therapies.
Case Description A 74-year-old male patient developed an EI after an endovascular procedure (thoracic endovascular aortic repair [TEVAR]). Despite a long-term oral antibiotic therapy, the clinical symptoms showed no falling trend. Because of the expanded infection from above the celiac trunk up to the aortic arch, we decided to remove the infected endograft and to implant an extra-anatomic ascendobifemoral bypass.
Conclusion The implantation of an ascendobifemoral bypass was a successful treatment option for EIs after TEVAR.
Konkurrierende Validität der Entwicklungsdiagnostik zum Zeitpunkt der Schuleingangsuntersuchung – Ergebnisse einer Vollerhebung in einem oberbayerischen Landkreis
Authors: Stich Heribert , Schlinkmann Kristin , Mikolajczyk Rafael 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Ermittlung der konkurrierenden Validität eines modifizierten Bayerischen Modells (BM) im Vergleich zum Sozialpädiatrischen Entwicklungsscreening für Schuleingangsuntersuchungen (SOPESS) als Referenzinstrument.
Methodik Insgesamt wurden 407 oberbayerische Vorschulkinder des Einschulungsjahrganges 2015 mittels SOPESS und eines „BM“ entwicklungsdiagnostisch untersucht. Als Maß für die konkurrierende Validität fand das Kappa nach Cohen (ĸ) Verwendung.
Ergebnisse Die Übereinstimmung beider Instrumente war moderat, und fiel geringer auf der Ebene der einzelnen Dimensionen als insgesamt aus. Die Übereinstimmungen waren in den Dimensionen „Präpositionen“ vs. „Grammatismus“ (ĸ=0,46) am stärksten und „Zahlen- und Mengenvorwissen“ vs. „Kalkulie“ (ĸ=0,05) am geringsten. Eine Stratifizierung nach Alter, Geschlecht, Nationalität und Ablauf der Untersuchungsgänge hatte keinen nachweisbaren Einfluss auf die Stärke der Übereinstimmung.
Schlussfolgerung Die nur moderate Übereinstimmung beider Instrumente wirft die Frage nach der Validität des bisherigen BM in den Schuleingangsuntersuchungen auf.
Soziale Ungleichheiten im Alter(n) – eine Herausforderung
für die Pflege
Authors: Dörge Christine 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Lebenslagen älterer Menschen differieren erheblich. Soziale
Benachteiligungen beeinträchtigen die subjektive wie objektive Gesundheit der
Betroffenen und wirken sich negativ auf deren Lebensqualität und Wohlbefinden
aus. Die Wahrnehmung sozialer Ungleichheiten und ihrer Folgen bedarf in der
Pflege somit besonderer Achtsamkeit, um sie in der Pflegearbeit angemessen zu
berücksichtigen.
Bedürfnis- und bedarfsgerechte orale Ernährung für Menschen
mit Demenz
Authors: Holle Daniela , Holtorf Ricarda 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Qualitätsinstrumente Eine bedürfnis- und bedarfsgerechte orale Ernährung
für Menschen mit Demenz setzt gleichermaßen spezifische Kenntnisse sowie die
Zusammenarbeit unterschiedlicher Berufsgruppen voraus. Welche Hilfestellungen
die Qualitätsinstrumente der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung und der
aktualisierte Expertenstandard Ernährungsmanagement des Deutschen Netzwerks für
Qualitätsentwicklung in der Pflege hierbei geben können, werden im folgenden
Beitrag aufgezeigt.
A health economic evaluation of needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy for the diagnosis of pancreatic cysts
Authors: Le Pen Claude , Palazzo Laurent , Napoléon Bertrand 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims The low sensitivity of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), especially for the diagnosis of serous cystadenomas (SCAs), can be associated with diagnostic uncertainty that can regularly lead to unnecessary surgical procedures. Needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) used with EUS-FNA improves diagnostic accuracy, helping to reduce unnecessary surgery and patient follow-up. This study was conducted to evaluate the economic benefit of EUS-FNA + nCLE.
Patients and methods Probabilities used were derived from two studies representative of the two diagnostic strategies: a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed by EUS-FNA alone and a prospective study of patients diagnosed by EUS-FNA + nCLE. Costs were based on French healthcare system rates; both private and public sector rates were included. A decision tree structure model used these probabilities and costs for two hypothetical cohorts of 1000 patients.
Results EUS-FNA + nCLE resulted in a reduction of 23 % in the total rate of surgical intervention, which translated to a reduction in clinical costs of 13 % (public sector) and 14 % (private sector). Additionally, the reduced rate of surgery would save the lives of 4 in 1000 patients. A stochastic sensitivity analysis using 100 simulations showed that in all cases the number of interventions was less for EUS-FNA + nCLE than for EUS-FNA. There was also a reduction in the incidence of false negatives using EUS-FNA + nCLE.
Conclusions EUS-FNA + nCLE results in significant economic benefits by reducing the incidence of misdiagnosis through improved diagnostic accuracy.
Comparative analysis of avascular areas in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas using in vivo and ex vivo magnifying endoscopy
Authors: Ogo Taichi , Kawada Kenro , Nakajima Yasuaki , Tokairin Yutaka , Ito Takashi , Kawano Tatsuyuki 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims An avascular area (AVA), one of the microvasculature changes in superficial esophageal cancers, appears when a tumor demonstrates a bulky growth pattern. We aimed to compare endoscopic and histopathological findings by observing formalin-fixed AVA specimens using magnifying endoscopy.
Patients and methods A prospective analysis was conducted on 16 patients with superficial esophageal cancer, including AVA, who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Magnifying endoscopy and blue laser imaging were used to identify AVAs. After the ESD, the AVA width was measured on formalin-fixed specimens using magnifying endoscopy, and AVA thickness and depth were determined after hematoxylin and eosin staining using microscopy.
Results Mean AVA widths of M1, M2, and M3/SM-lesions were 0.434, 0.578, and 0.835 mm, respectively (M1 vs. M2, P = 0.16; M2 vs. M3/SM-, P = 0.07). Mean AVA thicknesses of M1, M2, and M3/SM-lesions were significantly different (0.176, 0.518, and 0.800 mm; M1 vs. M2, P < 0.01; M2 vs. M3/SM-, P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between AVA width and thickness.
Conclusions AVA size can be measured accurately on formalin-fixed specimens with magnifying endoscopy. AVA thickness can be useful for determining tumor depth.
Das Plöner Modell zur Schuleingangsuntersuchung ist richtungsweisend für die Zukunft
Authors: Weigl Josef 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Plöner Modell mit seinem stufenweis-selektiven Vorgehen, ähnlich dem seit 2008 in ganz Bayern praktizierten Modell, wurde bereits 2002/2003 für die Schuleingangsuntersuchung (SEU) entwickelt und wird seitdem mit Erfolg angewendet. Immer wieder wird derartigen Modellen vorgehalten, sie müssten unbedingt alle Einschüler auch ärztlich untersuchen.
Methode Das Vorgehen und die Daten aus dem Plöner Modell werden analysiert und in einem größeren Zusammenhang in Deutschland und darüber hinaus gestellt. Die derzeitigen Vorgehensweisen bei der SEU werden dazu in 3 Kategorien eingeteilt und anhand von Public Health Ethik Kriterien verglichen. Als vornehmlicher Betrachtungsendpunkt dient der diagnostizierte (sonder-) pädagogische Förderbedarf.
Ergebnisse 1475–1045 Einschüler wurden pro Jahr zwischen 2003 und 2016 vom KJGD Team mit 2,1 MFA/SMA und 1,5 Kinderärztinnen neben den sonstigen Aufgaben untersucht. Durch das stufenweis-selektive Vorgehen standen pro förderbedürftiges Kind statt der üblichen 15, nunmehr 45–60 min zur Verfügung. Der Filter mittels Elternfragebogen, Ergänzung durch die Erzieherinnen, Untersuchungen durch die MFA und eines detaillierten Kriterienkataloges erlaubte, den Anteil der Einschüler, die auch ärztlich zu untersuchen sind, auf 28–41% zu reduzieren. Der Prozentsatz als förderbedürftig diagnostizierter Kinder lag im Schleswig-Holsteiner Landesdurchschnitt.
Schlussfolgerungen Ein stufenweis-selektives Vorgehen gebietet die Effizienz und die Public Health Ethik. Die Anwendungssicherheit (richtig positive und richtig negative) ist im Plöner Modell gewährleistet. Jegliches Vorgehen, ob eine generelle ärztliche Untersuchung oder auch ein Vorverlegen eines ersten Teils der SEU in das vierte Lebensjahr, bedarf der fortlaufenden kritischen Evaluation und fachlichen Begleitung.
SIgA and Upper Respiratory Syndrome During a College Cross Country Season
Authors: Fahlman Mariane , Engels Hermann , Hall Heather 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe examined the changes in salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and the incidence of upper respiratory syndrome (URS) throughout a college cross-country season as well as the acute effect of a VO2max test on SIgA. Subjects were 22 cross country athletes (XC) (20.7±0.3 years) and 23 matched controls (C) (20.4±0.2 years). Saliva samples were collected pre and post VO2max and at four training time points (August – November). Weekly logs indicating S&S of URS from which a total symptom score (TSS) was calculated were collected. There was a significant decrease in SIgA F(1,43)=10.742, p<0.001 and the secretion rate of SIgA F(1,43)=15.617, p<0.001 for XC at time points two through four. XC was also significantly lower than controls in those two variables across those time points. The secretion rate of SIgA and URS were negatively correlated at time point four R2=0.443, F(4,22)=26.9, p=0.001. There was a significant acute post exercise decrease in the secretion rate of SIgA, pre (M=21.44, SEM=3.95) and post (M=14.5, SEM=3.0), t(1,21)=2.185, p=0.039. Prolonged training resulted in decreased mucosal SIgA.
Monte Carlo Method Based QSAR Studies of Mer Kinase Inhibitors in Compliance with OECD Principles
Authors: Kumar Parvin , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMonte Carlo method based QSAR studies for inhibitors of Mer kinase, a potential novel target for cancer treatment, has been carried out using balance of correlation technique. The data was divided into three random and dissimilar splits and hybrid optimal descriptors derived from SMILES and hydrogen filled graphs based notations were used for construction of QSAR models. The generated models have good fitting ability, robustness, generalizability and internal predictive ability. The external predictive ability has been tested using multiple criteria and described models exhibited good performance in all of these tests. The values of R2, Q2, R2
test, Q2
test, R2
m and ∆R2
m for the best model are 0.9502, 0.9388, 0.9469, 0.9083, 0.7534 and 0.0894 respectively. Also, the structural characteristics responsible for enhancement and reduction of activity have been extracted. Further, the agreement with the OECD rules for QSAR model has been discussed.