bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal kidney length as a parameter for determination of gestational age from 20th week to term in healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancy
Authors: Peter Monalisa , Nayak Ajit Kumar , Giri Prajna Paramita , Jain Manju Kumari 
Published: April 2017

Background: Accurate assessment of gestational age is pivotal to give quality maternity care. Ultrasonographic fetal biometry is the most widespread method used to establish GA. Sonographic biometric parameters commonly used are Crown rump Length (CRL), Biparietal diameter (BPD), Head circumference (HC), Abdominal circumference (AC) and Femur length (FL). Fetal Kidney Length (FKL) is one of nontraditional parameter and more accurate method of GA estimation than BPD, FL, HC and AC after 24th week of gestation. This study evaluates role of FKL in estimation of GA and compared its accuracy with other established biometric indices. Methods: Present study is a cross sectional study and includes healthy women who were certain of their LMP with prior regular menstrual cycles with uncomplicated pregnancy between 20 weeks of gestation to term. Maximum length of anyone single fetal kidney is measured from upper pole to lower pole at least thrice and mean of the measurements was taken. The data has been analyzed in SPSS-21 version and Microsoft word, excel have been used to generate graphs, tables etc.Results: Linear regression equation showed kidney length could predict gestational age with an accuracy ±9.048 days and predictability when combined with other biometric indices was ±8.299 days.Conclusions: The study shows good correlation between gestational age derived from FKL and gestational age from established biometric indices like BPD, HC, AC, and FL.FKL can be combined with the other four biometric indices to give a fair estimation of gestational age.
Clinical profile and outcome of dengue fever in a paediatric tertiary care centre
Authors: Moinuddin Md Khaja , Sahana Devadas Sahana Devadas 
Published: April 2017

Background: A study of different presentation and outcome of dengue fever in tertiary care centre.Methods: the observational cross sectional study was carried out from June to October 2016 in Bowring and Lady Curzon hospital attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute. Included patients from 1 to 18 years of age who presented with febrile illness. WHO classification and definitions were used to classify disease as dengue fever (DF), dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Clinically, haematological and biochemical findings were recorded till discharge.Results: during study period,142 patients presented with typical features of dengue fever, male being 86 (60%) and female being 56 (40%). Among 142 cases 64 cases were probable dengue, 50 cases were dengue with warning signs and 28 cases were had severe dengue. Fever (100%) was the most common clinical presentation followed by vomiting (70%), body ache (43%), abdominal pain (23%), headache (12%) and rashes (5%). Laboratory findings included thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and elevated liver enzymes. 126 (88%) cases were discharged in clinical stable conditions, (8%) were died during course of treatment and 8 cases left against medical advice.Conclusions: fever with vomiting and thrombocytopenia were most common presentation of dengue fever, appropriate clinical diagnosis and management is relatively simple, inexpensive and very effective in saving lives as long as long correct and timely interventions instituted.
Study of C - reactive protein in neonatal sepsis
Authors: Mehrotra Gunjan 
Published: April 2017

Background: Sepsis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the newborn. Early diagnosis and treatment is vital to improve outcome. Neonatal sepsis in newborn is characterized by paucity of signs and symptoms and is due to invasion and spread through the body of non-pathogenic/ pathogenic & Gram positive / negative organism. It is subtle disease, the general characteristic of bacterial infection in neonatal period are influenced more by response of the infant than the causative organism. The present study was therefore carried out to determine the usefulness of C-reactive protein (CRP) for evaluation of neonatal sepsis in tertiary care hospital.Methods: Neonates with clinical suspicion of sepsis were prospectively studied out from June 2006 to January 2008. Blood was obtained from each subject recruited for the qualitative estimation of CRP. Blood culture was used as gold standard for diagnosis of NNS.Results: Of 50 neonates studied, 34 (68%) had positive CRP while 31 (62%) had positive blood culture. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of CRP were 90.32%, 42.10%, 71.79% and 72.72% respectively.Conclusions: The qualitative method of estimating CRP which is cheap and rapid has moderate sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value.
Clinical profile and outcome of snake bite in children
Authors: Meshram Rajkumar M. , Bokade C. M. , Merchant Saira , Bhongade Swapnil 
Published: April 2017

Background: Snake bite is generally considered to be a rural problem and has been linked with environmental and occupational condition is a neglected public health problem. This study was conducted to ascertain clinical profile, complication and outcome of snake bite in pediatric population. Methods:Retrospective observational study was done in paediatrics wards and Paediatric Intensive care unit of tertiary care institute. A medical record files of 80 patients of snakebite, between the periods of January 2011 to February 2016 were recovered from Medical Record and Statistics Section of Institute. Files were analyzed for demographic data; variables included site of bite, time of bite, type of primary treatment and treatment provider, and type of snake poison, common symptoms suggestive of hematotoxicity, myotoxicity and neurotoxicity.Results: Out of total 80 patients, 58.75% were male and most of snake bites were seen in age group of 6-12 years. Clinically 57.5% patients were presented with signs and symptoms of envenomation and most of them were bitten during the months of June to September. All bites were nonprovocative and in 57.5% lower limb was the commonest site of bite. A 77.5% patient were primarily treated by medical personnel, 56.25% patients were received treatment within 1 hour of bite and hospitalized within 6 hours of bite. Coagulation failure was commonest complication (58.33%) followed by hypotension (25%) in vasculotoxic snake bite and respiratory paralysis (68.18%) in neuroparalytic bites. Renal replacement therapy was required in 5%, blood/blood product transfusion in 11% patients and case fatality rate was 11.25%.Conclusions: The most vulnerable to snake bites are boys aged more than 5 years. There is an urgent need to spread awareness among the community for avoidance of traditional treatment and any delay in medical intervention in snakebite incidents.
Outcome of premature babies with RDS using bubble CPAP
Authors: Arora Vivek , Gediya Sandip G , Jain Rupali 
Published: April 2017

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) contributes significantly to mortality and morbidity. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), when applied to premature infants with RDS, re-expands collapsed alveoli, splints the airway, reduces work of breathing and improves the respiration. Objectives: To ascertain the immediate outcome of preterm infants with RDS on Bubble CPAP and identify risk factors associated with its failure.Methods: This was a prospective analytical study and inborn preterm infants (gestation 28 to 34 weeks) admitted to the NICU with RDS were included in the study. All the spontaneously breathing infants were stared on bubble CPAP and different variables were recorded. Those in whom CPAP failed were given surfactant and mechanical ventilation.Results: 170 neonates were enrolled in the study. 52 (30.5%) babies failed CPAP. The predictors of failure were; partial or no response to Antenatal Steroids (ANS), white-out on the chest X-ray, Silverman Anderson scoring >6 or FiO2 > 0.4 after 15-20 minutes of CPAP, extreme prematurity. Other maternal and neonatal variables did not influence the need for ventilation. Rates of mortality and duration of oxygen requirement was significantly higher in babies who failed CPAP. No baby had chronic lung disease.Conclusions: Infants with no or partial exposure to antenatal steroids, white-out chest X-ray and those with higher FiO2 requirement after initial stabilization on CPAP are at high risk of CPAP failure (needing mechanical ventilation). Bubble CPAP is safe for preterm infants with RDS; it decreases need of surfactant and mechanical ventilation.
Mother’s knowledge, attitude and practice regarding prevention and management of diarrhoea in children in Southern Odisha
Authors: Padhy Sadasiba , Sethi Rajesh Kumar , Behera Narendra 
Published: April 2017

Background: Diarrhoeal infections are the fifth leading cause of death worldwide and continue to take a high toll on child health. The objective of the study was toassess and compare mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding prevention and management of diarrhoea in children.Methods: A hospital based observational study was carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, M.K.C.G. Medical College. Data collected from mothers by questionnaire method.Results: Diarrhoea is more common in less than 2 years of age with males are affected more than females and more cases are seen from rural areas. Diarrhoeal diseases are more common in the lower educated group and low socioeconomic status families with prevalence of overcrowding. 47% mothers had knowledge about diarrhoea, 52% about the aetiology and 58% about risk factors of diarrhoea. Regarding role of breastfeeding in diarrhoea 48% mothers had good knowledge and regarding adverse effects of bottle feeding 56% mothers were aware. In this study only 34% of mothers were aware of assessment of danger signs and dehydration and 27% about treatment of dehydration. 33% mothers had good knowledge on sanitary latrine and safe drinking water uses in prevention and treatment of diarrhoea. Regarding preparation of ORS only 19% mothers had good knowledge, 65% mothers had average knowledge.Conclusions: Among mothers’ knowledge about diarrhoea along with the importance of breastfeeding and the adverse effects of bottle feeding is significantly lacking. Also, the knowledge about assessment, management and practices about diarrhoeal diseases among mothers is significantly less.
Clinical study of the correlation of foot length and birth weight among newborns in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: S. Gowri , V. Kumar G. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Gestational age and birth weight are the two most useful parameters for assessing maturity of the newborn. Major causes of neonatal mortality are diseases associated with low birth weight babies (LBW). It has been shown that foot length measurement is particularly valuable in premature babies who are so ill that conventional anthropometric measurements cannot be carried out due to the incubator and intensive care apparatus. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of pediatrics Sri Siddhartha Medical College Hospital, Tumkur, India. The birth weight in grams and length of the foot were documented in centimeters. Data was collected using standard proforma.Results: A total of 600 neonates were studied of which, males were 54.67 % (328) and females were 45.33 % (272). The neonates weighing less than 2.5 kg had a mean foot length of 6.94. The mean foot length for neonates weighing between 2.5 to 3.5 was 7.68. The mean foot length for neonates weighing more than 3.5 kg was 8.2cm. The correlation coefficient of birth weight with foot length was maximum in low birth weight babies (r= 0.94).Conclusions: The foot length is an efficient screening tool in identifying low birth weight babies. Foot length is a simple, quick and reliable anthropometric measurement which can be used as a proxy measurement to birth weight especially in sick and pre-term neonates receiving intensive care.
Different causes of prolonged unconjugated Jaundice in the newborns
Authors: Agrawal Vijay , Goyal Alok Kumar , Sharma J. N. , Yadav Murli D. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is a type of neonatal jaundice, which occurs in infants with high bilirubin levels (>10 mg/dl) persisting beyond 14-21 days. Prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem among newborns, and the prevalence rate has been estimated at 2-15%. According to the literature, breastfeeding is a major cause of prolonged jaundice, and about 40% of infants who are exclusively breastfed are diagnosed with this disorder. Among other pathological causes associated with prolonged hyperbilirubinemia are urinary tract infection (UTI), congenital hypothyroidism and hemolysis. So, this study was done to know the different causes of unconjugated jaundice in newborn.Methods: This Hospital based prospective descriptive study was carried out at outpatients and inpatients in the Department of pediatrics, SMS medical college Jaipur. Total 100 cases were taken and these neonates were evaluated to know different causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubenemia.Results: Most common cause of persistent jaundice in both term and preterm babies is breast milk jaundice (66%), other causes include isoimmunization (10%), cephalhematoma (7%), hypothyroidism (7%), sepsis (4%) and ABO incompatibility (3%). Etiology of persistent jaundice was not significantly different in term and preterm babies.Conclusions: Although breast milk jaundice is considered as a major cause of prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in neonates, identification of other etiological factors, such as UTI, congenital hypothyroidism and hemolysis is also of paramount importance. Early diagnosis and treatment of these disorder could effectively prevent further complication in neonates.
To assess the impact of various modes of postnatal breastfeeding education in promoting breastfeeding practices
Authors: Periasami Venkatesh , Muthu Vinodh , Sakkarai Ezhil Vaanija , Ayyavoo Aravind Malayappan , Jayachandan Ganesh 
Published: April 2017

Background: Breast milk is the best nutrient a mother can provide her baby. WHO recommends exclusively breastfeeding up to 6 months of life.The objective of the study was to study the impact of postnatal breastfeeding education in promoting breastfeeding practices and to identify the effective mode of education.Methods: This is a RCT study conducted in Government RSRM lying-in hospital between Dec 2015 and May 2016.300 women who delivered live, term, healthy, AGA babies were divided randomly in to 3 study groups. Participants in group A were counselled about breastfeeding orally. Those in group B received written information and oral counselling. Group C members were shown an educational video apart from oral and written information. They were assessed on 15th day, 45th day, 3.5 months and 6 months using a simple questionnaire.Results: Analysis showed that during the 1st visit, there was no statistical difference between groups. However, during the last visit there was significant statistical difference between groups with a p value of 0.004.Conclusions: Audio-visual aid helps in better breastfeeding practices. Literacy status has no role in promoting breastfeeding practices.
Effect of gender and gestational age on short term morbidities and mortality in extremely low birth neonates
Authors: Stuti Gagrani Stuti Gagrani , Mehrotra Gunjan , Mulye Swati , Shrivastav Aniket 
Published: April 2017

Background: The Aim of this study was to see the effect of gender and gestational age on early morbidities and mortalities of extremely low birth weight neonates.Methods: It was cross section retrospective. This retrospective study over a period of 5 years from June 2009 to May 2014 in a tertiary level teaching hospital. All the ELBW neonates admitted during the study period were recruited. Moving in a retrospective manner we collected previous case records relevant to our study from the institute and then categorized our data on the basis of gestational age and gender, then we compared and analysed our data on the basis of incidence of mortalities and morbidities and the effect of gender and gestational age on it.Results: Out of 115 ELBW neonates 61(53%) were born at ≤ 28 weeks, 26 (22%) were born between 29 to 31 weeks and 28(24%) babies were born at 32 to 37 weeks. The most common maternal risk factors responsible for ELBW deliveries were Pregnancy induced hypertension 27 (23%) followed by premature rupture of membranes 20 (17%). Out of short term outcomes HMD (66%), Apnea (71%), hyperbilirubinemia (53%) and sepsis (54.7%) were most common comorbidities. There was no effect of gender on any short-term morbidity and mortality of ELBW newborns. There was a significant higher incidence of hyaline membrane disease, hypoglycemia and neonatal sepsis in ELBW neonates born before 28 weeks of gestational age as compared to born after 28 weeks. 50% of the neonates survived below 28 weeks of gestation.Conclusions: Our study shows the high incidence of short-term neonatal morbidities. ELBW neonates born before 28 weeks of gestation had higher morbidity.
Clinical and laboratory profile and outcome of dengue cases among children attending a tertiary care hospital of South India
Authors: Nagaram Punith Patak , Piduru Prathima , Munagala Venkata Krishna , Matli Vishnu Vandana 
Published: April 2017

Background: Dengue fever is an arboviral disease which is endemic in tropical countries and is of major concern with its morbidity and mortality. WHO classified dengue into three categories: undifferentiated fever, dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Severe dengue is also regularly observed during primary infection of infants born to dengue-immune mothers. The objective of present study was to assess the clinical profile, laboratory profile and associated risk factors related to outcome of children less than 15 years of age. The outcome of the children and their management protocols were also assessed in the study.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study with 174 confirmed cases of dengue in children <15 years were enrolled and classified as per WHO guidelines. The demographic data, clinical history, laboratory parameters were noted in a separate questionnaire form. Hematological parameters were noted, chest x-ray, ultra-sonogram in required cases was done and observations noted. Cases were managed as per WHO protocol and risk factors were observed. The outcomes of the cases were noted as discharge or death of the case.Results: A total of 174 children with 149 non-severe dengue and 25 severe dengue cases with 95 males and 79 females were enrolled in the study. 6-10 years was the most common age group. The mean age of children admitted with severe dengue fever was 5.81yrs.and without severe dengue fever was 7yrs.The mean duration of hospitalization was 5.21 days in severe dengue and 3.4 days in non-severe dengue cases. Fever was the most common presenting symptom and hepatomegaly was the common clinical finding in the study. Bleeding manifestations were seen in cases of severe dengue with raised haematocrit levels, raised SGOT levels and severe thrombocytopenia. Pleural effusion and gall bladder wall thickening with ascites was seen in severe dengue cases. Management was by administration of colloids and crystalloids.Conclusions: Dengue is a dreadful fever among pediatric age group which needs to be considered with great caution in management. Understanding the risk factors helps in predicting the mortality which helps in management and better outcome of the fever.
Prevalence of hypertension and its determinants in an urbanized village of East Delhi
Authors: H. Raghavendra A. , Singh Monika , Chabra Pragti , Sharma Arun Kumar 
Published: April 2017

Background: Hypertension is the major public health problem both in developing and developed nations. There is disparity in prevalence of hypertension in rural and urban areas. Data is available on the prevalence of hypertension in both urban and rural areas but studies on migratory population are limited. Methods: A community based cross sectional study conducted in urbanized village of east Delhi. WHO STEPS questionnaire was used collect the data. Total of 451 persons were interviewed by stratified random sampling method. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Results: Prevalence of hypertension was 16.4%, high age group, high income, body mass index more than 23 and duration of stay in urban area were significantly associated with prevalence of hypertension. Conclusions: Older age group, higher BMI and longer duration of stay in urban area have significant associations with the higher prevalence of hypertension.
As multiplas facetas da sociedade de consumo e o papel da igreja frente à desigualdade social
Authors: Kolling Fábio 
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo tem por objetivo destacar as principais compreensões sobre a sociedade de consumo e evidenciar o papel da Igreja enquanto povo de Deus frente os problemas que tal sociedade acarreta para população menos favorecida, os pobres. A fim de desenvolvermos esse tema realizamos pesquisa bibliográfica. Dentre as primeiras conclusões, está a de que a sociedade de consumo com suas múltiplas facetas acaba tornando as pessoas cada vez mais individualistas e despreocupadas com o bem estar do próximo e da nossa casa comum. Embora muita coisa já tenha sido feita para transformar a nossa realidade, ainda precisamos refletir e caminhar bastante.
Evaluation of B. cereus MTCC 25641 for the Treatment of Dairy Waste Effluent
Authors: Gawai Kunal , Mogha Kanchan , Prajapati Jashbhai 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT: Dairy is one of the industries producing wastewater rich in organic matter and thus leading to creation of odorous and high COD containing effluent. Biotreatment leading to bioconversion of the waste materials is probably the most cost‐effective technique for managing and utilizing waste. A pilot‐scale aerobic treatment plant showing air pressure of 6 kg/cm3 was designed keeping all the conditions similar to the main aerobic plant of any dairy plant. The COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) of the control effluent i.e., without aeration, decreased from 588.5 mg/L on the first day to 147.75 mg/L on the seventh day while the effluent inoculated with B. cereus MTCC 25641 decreased the COD load from 588.5 mg/L on the first day to 38.75 mg/L on the seventh day, which shows that a pilot plant B. cereus MTCC 25641 showed excellent results as 50.68% COD and 44.07% BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) reduction, while pH increased from 6.7 to 8.54 along with 44.06% increase in TDS (Total Dissolved solids) was seen after 24h of aeration.
El acceso a recursos genéticos en pueblos indígenas y el Convenio de Diversidad Biológica
Authors: Bernal Camargo Diana Rocío 
Published: April 2017

Con el Convenio de Diversidad Biológica se agudizó la discusión respecto a la protección de los recursos genéticos y los conocimientos tradicionales de pueblos indígenas, que conlleva el debate de la aplicación de la biotecnología y su incidencia en la protección de la vida y el medio ambiente, y el análisis de la participación de estos en el proceso de establecimiento de estrategias para la protección de sus recursos y conocimientos tradicionales, lo que origina una puesta en marcha del pluralismo jurídico a partir del desarrollo de las diferentes Conferencias de las Partes, lo que hoy permite contar con un marco regulatorio más completo y con miras a su fortalecimiento.