bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interacting effects of psychological empowerment and ethnic identity on indicators of well‐being among youth of color
Authors: Lardier David T. , Garcia‐Reid Pauline , Reid Robert J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDecades of legislative actions and power imbalances have limited African American/Black and Hispanic/Latina(o) urban youth's perceptions of empowerment and ability to rely upon social and institutional resources. Youth who have access to supportive resources and are connected to their ethnic–racial group perceive themselves as empowered and score higher on indicators of well‐being. Among a sample of African American/Black and Hispanic/Latina(o) urban youth (N = 383) and using multivariate analysis of variance, the current study examined the relationship between psychological empowerment (PE) and ethnic identity among conceptually relevant outcome variables: community participation, neighborhood sense of community (SOC), school importance, and perceived substance use risk. Results indicated that PE and ethnic identity profile groups differed significantly on measures of community participation, neighborhood SOC, school importance, and perceived risk of using substances. Results provide preliminary support for the empirical and theoretical relationship between PE and ethnic identity on related empowerment measures, as well as indicators of well‐being. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Utilization of phosphogypsum for the preparation of α‐calcium sulfate hemihydrate in chloride‐free solution under atmospheric pressure
Authors: Mi Yang , Chen Deyu , Wang Shuzhou 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work aims to investigate the possibility of recycling by‐product phosphogypsum (PG) as raw material for preparing α‐calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α‐CSH) in chloride‐free salt solution under mild conditions. The dehydration of PG in a concentrated Ca(NO3)2 solution at 97 °C under atmospheric pressure was analyzed. The effect of Al2(SO4)3 on the phase‐transition kinetics as well as succinic acid concentration on the crystal morphology of α‐CSH were investigated in detail.RESULTSα‐CSH was successfully prepared from PG in 3.7 mol L‐1 Ca(NO3)2 solution at 97 °C under atmospheric pressure. Addition of Al2(SO4)3 accelerates dehydration rate of PG and decreases crystal size of α‐CSH. Moreover, succinic acid is an effective morphology modifier for α‐CSH. When the reaction is carried out with 5.84 mmol L‐1 Al2(SO4)3 and 0.15 wt% succinic acid, the α‐CSH obtained has aspect ratio of 1.2, and the corresponding paste shows enhanced 3D bending/compressive strengths of 11.3/41.7 MPa, which are comparable with those of commercial α‐CSH.CONCLUSIONSThis chloride‐free system provides an improved alternative for preparing high quality α‐CSH, and helps to promote value‐added utilization of PG. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Modulating inflammation through the negative regulation of NF-κB signaling
Authors: Rothschild Daniel E , McDaniel Dylan K , Ringel-Scaia Veronica M , Allen Irving C 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Immune system activation is essential to thwart the invasion of pathogens and respond appropriately to tissue damage. However, uncontrolled inflammation can result in extensive collateral damage underlying a diverse range of auto-inflammatory, hyper-inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. The NF-κB signaling pathway lies at the heart of the immune system and functions as a master regulator of gene transcription. Thus, this signaling cascade is heavily targeted by mechanisms designed to attenuate overzealous inflammation and promote resolution. Mechanisms associated with the negative regulation of NF-κB signaling are currently under intense investigation and have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we provide an overview of mechanisms that negatively regulate NF-κB signaling through either attenuation of signal transduction, inhibition of posttranscriptional signaling, or interference with posttranslational modifications of key pathway components. While the regulators discussed for each group are far from comprehensive, they exemplify common mechanistic approaches that inhibit this critical biochemical signaling cascade. Despite their diversity, a commonality among these regulators is their selection of specific targets at key inflection points in the pathway, such as TNF-receptor-associated factor family members or essential kinases. A better understanding of these negative regulatory mechanisms will be essential to gain greater insight related to the maintenance of immune system homeostasis and inflammation resolution. These processes are vital elements of disease pathology and have important implications for targeted therapeutic strategies.
Evaluating the effectiveness of intensive versus non‐intensive image interpretation education for radiographers: a randomised control trial study protocol
Authors: Neep Michael J. , Steffens Tom , Eastgate Patrick , McPhail Steven M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRadiographer commenting systems have not been successfully implemented in many Australian hospitals, despite evidence of their benefit and adoption elsewhere, such as the United Kingdom. An important contributor to the lack of widespread adoption of radiographer commenting in Australia (and likely elsewhere) is the limited availability of accessible education options for radiographers. The purpose of this randomised controlled trial is to compare the effectiveness of the same image interpretation education program delivered over an intensive 2‐day period (intensive format) versus a series of shorter regular workshops (non‐intensive format). The study design is a multicentre, stratified (by years of experience) two group parallel‐arm single‐blind (assessor blinded) randomised controlled trial. Participants will be allocated to one of the two groups: (1) intensive format of education or (2) non‐intensive format of education in a 1:1 ratio. Participants will undergo assessments before education, at 1 week post‐intervention completion and at 12 weeks post‐intervention completion. Findings from this trial will be of relevance to radiographers seeking image interpretation training as well as organisations providing image interpretation education to prepare clinical staff for participation in a radiographer commenting system. A limitation of the trial is that the sample will be inclusive of radiographers, and findings may not be able to be directly extrapolated to other clinical disciplines (e.g. junior doctors, physiotherapists or nurse practitioners).
Impact of uneven sample morphology on mass resolving power in linear MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry: A comprehensive theoretical investigation
Authors: Cai Yi‐Hong , Wang Yi‐Sheng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis work discusses the correlation between the mass resolving power of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass analyzers and extraction condition with an uneven sample morphology. Previous theoretical calculations show that the optimum extraction condition for flat samples involves an ideal ion source design and extraction delay. A general expression of spectral feature takes into account ion initial velocity, and extraction delay is derived in the current study. The new expression extends the comprehensive calculation to uneven sample surfaces and above 90% Maxell‐Boltzmann initial velocity distribution of ions to account for imperfect ionization condition. Calculation shows that the impact of uneven sample surface or initial spatial spread of ions is negligible when the extraction delay is away from the ideal value. When the extraction delay approaches the optimum value, the flight‐time topology shows a characteristic curve shape, and the time‐domain mass spectral feature broadens with an increase in initial spatial spread of ions. For protonated 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, the mass resolving power obtained from a sample of 3‐μm surface roughness is approximately 3.3 times lower than that of flat samples. For ions of m/z 3000 coexpanded with 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, the mass resolving power in the 3‐μm surface roughness case only reduces roughly 7%. Comprehensive calculations also show that the mass resolving power of lighter ions is more sensitive to the accuracy of the extraction delay than heavier ions.
Power and thermal modeling approach for homogeneously stacked butterfly fat tree architecture in 3D ICs
Authors: Durrani Yaseer Arafat 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLow‐power consumption and heat dissipation are becoming serious issues in the design process of the 3D integrated circuit (IC). The multiple dies are stacked and communicated through‐silicon vias to work as a single device to achieve high performance with minimum power and heat dissipation. This paper presents the power and thermal modeling approaches for the power/heat estimation of homogenous integration of network‐on‐chip‐based tree architecture in 3D IC design. The preliminary experimental work of power model is divided in 2 major parts of the design. The first part estimates the power of network‐on‐chip tree architecture on each stack/layer separately, and the second estimates the power dissipation of the uniformly distributed through‐silicon vias and input/output pads. The model uses a linear function to estimate the average power dissipation. The thermal model estimates the heat dissipation by using thermal sensors on different sections of the individual layer. For an entire IC design, the average power/thermal is extracted by simple addition of all power/thermal estimation results of the model. The design is operated with multiple frequencies to find the most appropriate frequency to minimize power dissipation. In experiments, the average maximum error is estimated 16.29%.
A comprehensive look at the effect of processing on peanut (Arachis spp.) texture
Authors: Lykomitros Dimitrios , Den Boer Lara , Hamoen Remco , Fogliano Vincenzo , Capuano Edoardo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDRelationships between process and peanut texture have only been studied in Hypogaea species, and focused on very limited processing conditions. In this study, 94 samples were prepared from a combination of 12 raw materials (Arachis hypogaea and fastigiata cultivars) and 11 roasting conditions (maceration in water, aqueous glucose and at different pH values followed by frying or baking). Texture was analyzed by a trained sensory panel (spectrum method) and large deformation compression tests (TA/XT2), and the microstructure probed with confocal microscopy and X‐ray tomography.RESULTSThe impact of maceration on ‘crispy’, ‘crunchy’ and ‘hardness’ sensory attributes was significantly larger when adding glucose in this step, whereas the effect of pH was minor. The relationship held for both fried and baked peanuts as well as for both A. hypogaea and fastigiata subspecies. The degree of alveolation was similar in differently processed peanuts, even though sensory attributes were significantly different.CONCLUSIONSMaceration in different media can yield large textural changes in both peanut species, for both baking and frying. Maceration in glucose solutions can induce much larger textural changes than maceration in water. Quantitative data on alveolation show that microstructure disruption through steam generation cannot explain all the texture differences among processed peanuts. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Physical and chemical quality characteristics and antioxidant properties of strawberry cultivars (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in Greece: assessment of their sensory impact
Authors: Zeliou Konstantina , Papasotiropoulos Vassilis , Manoussopoulos Yiannis , Lamari Fotini N 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere are many factors determining the strawberry organoleptic profile and they are difficult to define. In this study, the sensory, physical, and chemical quality characteristics, the antioxidant properties as examined using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, the lactone concentration, and the FaFAD1 expression of ripe strawberries (cv. Camarosa, Florida Fortuna, and Sabrina) from Greece were evaluated and their interrelationships were investigated.RESULTS‘Camarosa’ had the highest antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content, although significant intra‐cultivar variations of sugars, solid soluble content/titratable acidity (SSC/TA), red color intensity, sweetness, and hardness were recorded. In ‘Sabrina’ there was a constant lactone presence and FaFAD1 expression; it also had the lowest ascorbic acid content, the highest pH, SSC/TA index, firmness, and sweetness. ‘Fortuna’ showed the lowest sweetness and aroma indices, whereas ‘Camarosa’ had intermediate ones. Overall, firmness was correlated with hardness, while pH and SSC/TA index correlated with juiciness and sweetness. Both γ‐decalactone and γ‐dodecalactone concentrations were correlated with FaFAD1 expression and pH, but they did not solely determine the aroma sensory perception. In total, FRAP values were positively correlated with ascorbic acid and polyphenol content, and negatively with pH.CONCLUSIONSSignificant inter‐ and intra‐cultivar variation was recorded, revealing the impact of the genotype and underlining the effect of microenvironmental and cultivation conditions on quality and sensory perception. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of genetic background on the stability of sunflower fatty acid composition in different high oleic mutations
Authors: Alberio Constanza , Aguirrezábal Luis AN , Izquierdo Natalia G , Reid Roberto , Zuil Sebastián , Zambelli Andrés 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of genetic background on the stability of fatty acid composition in sunflower near isogenic lines (NILs) carrying high‐oleic Pervenets (P) or high‐oleic NM1 mutations was studied. The materials were field‐tested in different locations and at different sowing dates to evaluate a wide range of environmental conditions. Relationships were established between the fatty acids and the minimum night temperature (MNT) and the response was characterized.RESULTSA genetic background effect for the fatty acid composition was found in both groups of NILs. The NM1‐NILs showed an oleic level higher than 910 g kg−1 and they were more stable across environments with a zero or low dependence on the genetic background; on the other hand, high oleic materials bearing the P mutation showed lower levels of oleic acid, with a higher variation in fatty acid composition and a highly significant dependence on the genetic background.CONCLUSIONThe NM1 mutation is the best option to develop ultra‐high oleic sunflower oil that is stable across environments and genetic backgrounds, making its agronomical production more efficient and predictable. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of liver pâté enrichment with flaxseed oil and flaxseed extract on lipid composition and stability
Authors: Bilska Agnieszka , Waszkowiak Katarzyna , Błaszyk Martyna , Rudzińska Magdalena , Kowalski Ryszard 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is an increase interest from food technologists in the improvement of the nutritional value of meat products, especially their lipid profile and shelf life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of animal fat replacement with flaxseed oil (20%) and flaxseed extract addition (0.05%–0.25%) on changes in composition and stability of liver pâté lipid fractions.RESULTSReplacement of animal fat with flaxseed oil was observed to lower the saturated and monoenoic fatty acid in the product's fatty acid profile by around 12% and to raise the polyene fatty acid contribution by more than 70% when compared to the control. The replacement also resulted in enriching the pâté with phytosterols (β‐sitosterol, campesterol, and cycloartenol). The addition of 0.05% and 0.10% ethanol flaxseed extract significantly slowed down lipid oxidation changes during storage of the pâté.CONCLUSIONSThe study showed that a storage‐stable meat product – liver pâté – characterized by a high nutritional value can be designed through the addition of flax oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids and flaxseed extract. The addition of 0.05% of the extract was found to be sufficient to improve the liver pâté's oxidative stability; it can thus be recommended for this type of product. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Psychobiological Responses to Aerobic Exercise in Individuals With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Crombie Kevin M. , Brellenthin Angelique G. , Hillard Cecilia J. , Koltyn Kelli F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPrevious reports have shown improvements in mood and increases in endocannabinoids in healthy adults following a session of aerobic exercise, but it is unclear whether adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience similar responses. The purpose of this study was to examine psychobiological responses (plasma endocannabinoids [eCBs], mood, and pain) to aerobic exercise in a sample of adults with a diagnosis of PTSD (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 12). Participants engaged in an aerobic exercise session in which they ran on a treadmill for 30 min at a moderate intensity (70 to 75% maximum heart rate [MHR]). Results indicated improvements in mood states and reductions in pain for both groups following exercise, ds = 0.19 to 1.53. Circulating concentrations of N‐arachidonylethanolamine (AEA), 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG), and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) significantly increased (ps = .000 to .050) following the aerobic exercise session for both groups. There were no significant time, group, or interaction effects (ps = .062 to .846) for palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and 2‐oleoylglycerol (2‐OG). Although eCBs increased significantly for both groups, within‐group effect size calculations indicated the healthy controls experienced a greater magnitude of change for AEA when compared with adults with PTSD, d = 1.21 and d = 0.45, respectively; as well as for 2‐AG, d = 0.43 and d = 0.21, respectively. The findings from this study indicated that adults with and without PTSD reported significant mood improvements following 30 min of moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise. In addition, the endocannabinoid system was activated in adults with and without PTSD, although effect sizes suggest that adults with PTSD may have a blunted endocannabinoid response to exercise.
Wolf‐livestock conflict and the effects of wolf management
Authors: DeCesare Nicholas. J. , Wilson Seth M. , Bradley Elizabeth H. , Gude Justin A. , Inman Robert M. , Lance Nathan J. , Laudon Kent , Nelson Abigail A. , Ross Michael S. , Smucker Ty D. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTWolf (Canis lupus) depredations of livestock are a ubiquitous source of conflict in every country where wolves and livestock overlap. We studied the spatial and temporal variation of wolf depredations of livestock in Montana during 2005–2015, including evaluations of targeted control efforts and public harvest as potential means to reduce depredations. During this time we collected spatial data for all confirmed wolf‐livestock depredations, tallied the annual number of depredation events within hunting districts, and collected data for variables potentially predictive of depredation events. We decomposed variation in depredation data into 2 distinct components: the binary presence or absence of depredation events in each district‐year, and the count of depredation events in district‐years with ≥1 event. We found that presence‐absence of depredations increased with wolf presence and wolf density, increased with livestock density, were highest at intermediate proportionate areas of agricultural land, and were a recurrent phenomenon such that districts with depredations the previous year were more likely to continue having them. Targeted removal, but not public harvest, significantly reduced the recurrent presence of depredations. The number of conflicts in district‐years with ≥1 depredation event was positively correlated with wolf density, cattle density, intermediate proportionate areas of forested land, and the number of events during the previous year. Public harvest reduced the counts of depredation events in areas where conflict reoccurred, though with a modest predicted effect size of 0.22 fewer depredations/district‐year, or 5.7 fewer depredation events statewide/year (8% of the annual average). Minimizing livestock losses is a top priority for wolf management. These results shed light on the broad‐scale patterns behind chronic problems and the effectiveness of wolf management practices in addressing them. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Presence of ghost crabs and piping plover nesting success
Authors: Kwon Eunbi , Fraser James D. , Catlin Daniel H. , Karpanty Sarah M. , Weithman Chelsea E. , Muiznieks Britta 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTDespite intensive management to protect the federally threatened piping plover (Charadrius melodus), breeding success in North Carolina has consistently been lower than in other Atlantic Coast states. The native ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata) preys on plover eggs and chicks, but the effect of ghost crab predation on plover productivity has not been established. We used daily records of nest survival collected at Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina, USA from 2008 to 2015 to test a hypothesized negative relationship between the presence of ghost crabs within the 3‐m diameter nest exclosure and the daily nest survival of plovers. We detected ghost crabs or their burrows within the nest exclosure on 63 out of 2,347 nest visits (24 out of 94 nests, 25%). We determined 9 nests (9.6%) were depredated by ghost crabs and 2 nests were abandoned after ghost crab visits. The estimated daily survival rate (DSR) of plover nests decreased with nest age, so to compare the nesting success predicted by our model, we standardized age in the prediction as the age at mid‐incubation. At mid‐incubation (nest age = 19 days), the DSR of a nest found with evidence of ghost crabs was 0.92 (95% CI = 0.74–0.98), compared to DSR of nests without ghost crabs (0.99, 95% CI = 0.97–0.99). We tested other covariates (e.g., clutch size, breeding timing, daily weather conditions); however, the standardized effect size of the presence of ghost crab was more than twice that of all other covariates. Ghost crabs may have a previously under‐recognized effect on plover nest survival when avian and mammalian predation is precluded by nest exclosures. Protection of piping plover nests from ghost crabs may improve piping plover nest success. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.