bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What happens to children who move off the autism spectrum? Clinical follow‐up study
Authors: Mukaddes Nahit Motavalli , Mutluer Tuba , Ayik Basak , Umut Ayla 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is controversial information on outcome of school age individuals who lose the diagnosis of autism and achieve “optimal outcome” (OO). The present study assessed the autism symptoms and other psychiatric disorders in a group of children with a past history of autism.MethodsThe subjects consisted of 26 individuals who had lost the diagnosis of autism 2–8 years previously. Clinical assessment was done with both parents and children. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edn; DSM‐V) criteria were used for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition, Childhood Autism Rating Scale and Social Communication Questionnaire (current version) were used. Psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School‐Age Children Present and Lifetime Version (K‐SADS‐PL).ResultsNone of the participants met the criteria for ASD. Ninety‐two percent had a lifetime diagnosis and 81% had a present psychiatric disorder based on the K‐SADS. Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, specific phobia and obsessive–compulsive disorder were the most common disorders.ConclusionsImproved status with regard to autism symptomatology is maintained over time, but these individuals are vulnerable to developing other psychiatric disorders. It is crucial to maintain psychiatric follow up of children who move off the autism spectrum.
Daily Variation of UV‐induced Erythema and the Action of Solar Filters
Authors: Flo Ana , Calpena Ana C. , Díez‐Noguera Antoni , del Pozo Alfons , Cambras Trinitat 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUV rays may cause several degrees of skin damage, which makes sunscreen research necessary. In addition, skin sensitivity shows daily variations, which can interfere in the detection of the efficacy of the filters. Here, we studied the UV‐induced erythema in hairless rats at two times of the day (light and darkness) using a colorimeter method. The effect of an emulsion with solar filters with or without melatonin was also assayed. Results indicate that the value of a* (from CIELAB color space values L* a* b) was the most useful variable to evaluate the erythema. However, at the UV intensity used, erythema was only detected when irradiation was carried out during the activity phase of the animal, enabling the detection of the protective action of the sunscreen at this time. Thus, daily variations in skin sensitivity have been demonstrated and should be taken into account in dermatological research.
Survival of Fusarium circinatum in soil and Pinus radiata needle and branch segments
Authors: Serrano Y. , Iturritxa E. , Elvira‐Recuenco M. , Raposo R. 
Published: November 2016

Survival of Fusarium circinatum in colonized pine needles and wood pieces was measured. Naturally colonized branches and their needles were cut into small pieces and placed in mesh bags on the soil surface at two locations in northern Spain. Pieces were recovered periodically, cultured on a selective medium, and microscopically examined to identify the species. After 507 days, F. circinatum was recovered from 0 to 27% of the wood pieces and from none of the needles. After 858 days, F. circinatum was not recovered from any wood pieces but was found to be present on 1 out of 220 needle pieces analysed. Artificially infested pieces of wood and needles were placed on 5‐mm sieved soil either in plastic boxes at controlled temperature or in mesh bags under field conditions. No survival was recorded after 794 days under field conditions and the decline over time occurred more rapidly in inoculated pieces under field conditions. Soil was also infested with conidia of F. circinatum and survival was estimated. No conidia were recovered after 224 days at 30 °C, although at 20 and 5 °C the respective populations were 20 and 3700 cfu/g soil. Fusarium circinatum was not recovered from 2‐mm‐sieved soil collected under pitch canker‐infected pines. Results indicate that branch segments and needles naturally colonized by F. circinatum will not be a potential source of inoculum, and the fungus in soil is not likely to contribute to reinfection of new plantations after 2 years.
Public Opinion and Policy Representation: On Conceptualization, Measurement, and Interpretation
Authors: Wlezien Christopher 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe congruence between public preferences and public policy is of special importance in representative democracies. We want to know whether the public is getting the policies it wants and, if not, whose preferences are being represented. To directly evaluate congruence, scholars need to measure what the public wants in a particular policy area and then correctly match it to policy in that area. This is difficult to do. Not surprisingly, while much scholarship examines the congruence of positions, little research examines actual policy congruence. Even the work that there is on the subject offers limited information. In this paper, I assess what we can infer about congruence from the different scholarly traditions in the study of representation. I also consider prospects for research on the match between public preference inputs and public policy outputs, particularly when we cannot assess it directly.
Relational Leadership, Storytelling, and Narratives: Practices of Local Government Chief Executives
Authors: Orr Kevin , Bennett Mike 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article examines the storytelling and narrative practices of an elite group of public administrators in the United Kingdom: local government chief executives. The authors do so through the lens of relationality, exploring the collective dimensions of leadership. The focus on leadership and stories embraces the narrative turn in public administration scholarship. It responds to calls for research examining the distinctive settings of everyday leadership action. The contribution to theory is a qualitative understanding of the relational ways in which stories and narratives are used in the practices of public administration leaders. The article analyzes four ways in which such leadership is accomplished: inviting an emotional connection and commitment to public service, making sense of organizational realities, provoking reflections on practices and assumptions, and managing relations with politicians. The authors offer an appreciation of how relational leadership influence can be generated by expressive narratives and storytelling rather than stemming from bureaucratic authority.
Age and anti‐Müllerian hormone levels predict the success of in vitro maturation of cat oocytes
Authors: Snoeck F , Sarrazin S , Wydooghe E , Van Soom A 
Published: November 2016

ContentsUp to date, in vitro maturation (IVM) rates of oocytes are highly variable between individual cats. This study was carried out to investigate the predictive value of age and anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentration in relation to capacity for IVM of cat oocytes. Ovaries were collected from 33 cats, which were divided into three age groups: (i) 0–3 months (pre‐pubertal); (ii) 3–12 months (peripubertal); and (iii) older than 12 months (pubertal). The cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured and subsequently stained to check nuclear maturation status, and blood was taken for AMH analysis. Increasing age was significantly associated with decreasing AMH levels, and mean AMH levels differed significantly between all age categories: group 1: mean AMH 18.71 μg/L; group 2: mean AMH 9.27 μg/L; and group 3: mean AMH 4.13 μg/L. Moreover, the probability of maturation was more likely in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1. Between categories 2 and 3, no significant difference in maturation probability was found (p = .31). Finally, the probability of oocyte maturation decreased significantly with increasing AMH levels. In age group 2, oocytes with a higher AMH level were less likely to mature. In age groups 1 and 3, no significant association between the AMH level and the proportion of maturated COC was found. We can conclude that if a higher probability of nuclear maturation is required, it is preferable to use cats with lower AMH levels and older than 3 months of age to improve cat IVM.
Expression of steroidogenic enzymes and steroid receptors in foetal gonads of domestic cat—Sex similarities and differences
Authors: Braun BC , Jewgenow K 
Published: November 2016

ContentsFoetal gonads already produce steroid hormones and by this influence the further development of external and internal genitalia as well as of the brain. Beside this, foetal gonads themselves can be influenced by foetal or maternal hormones. The time course of foetal gonadal development can differ between species. As knowledge on processes in domestic cats is very limited, the steroidogenic enzyme expressions as well as these of steroid receptors were analysed in foetal gonads of domestic cats. We investigated a period from beginning of the second half of pregnancy to the beginning of the third trimester; a phase, where also gonadal development proceeds. The mRNA expression of most of the steroidogenic enzymes was remarkably higher in male gonads compared to female ones on all analysed days. The enzyme mRNA expression in female gonads shows a tendency for an increase towards the beginning of the third trimester, except that of aromatase gene CYP19A1—it shows the opposite trend. CYP19A1 was detectable just in female gonads, indicating that only female foetal gonads are capable of producing oestrogens. Gene expressions of genomically and non‐genomically acting steroid receptors for progesterone, androgen and oestrogen reception were observed in gonads of both genders. Slightly higher expressions of some receptors were detected in female compared to male gonads; only for the non‐genomically oestrogen receptor GPER, we observed the opposite. The protein staining for progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) exposed a potential function of it on steroid‐producing cell and/or cells that suppose early oogenesis.
Research on reproduction is essential for captive breeding of endangered carnivore species
Authors: Jewgenow K , Braun BC , Dehnhard M , Zahmel J , Goeritz F 
Published: November 2016

ContentsAssisted reproductive technology (ART) has great potential for conservation, but its successful application in captive breeding programmes of endangered species is often compromised by limited background on species' biology. Although carnivore species benefit from knowledge obtained in domesticated species (dogs, cats and ferrets), the focus of research is different. In pet animals, research in reproduction has mainly been focused on ovarian function and contraception, although substantial progress has also been made in the field of in vitro embryo production, transgenic embryos and cloning to aid relevant medical models. In endangered species, however, research should focus on characterizing reproductive traits (cyclicity and seasonality) to unravel species‐specific endocrine principles of reproduction physiology. Based on this knowledge, it is crucial to enhance the ability to manipulate female reproductive cycles, especially those of embryo recipients. Furthermore, research conducted on molecular and cellular mechanisms of gamete and embryo development, as well as on cryopreservation protocols of gametes and embryos, is required for successful implementation of advanced ART to wild carnivores. This review will provide a summary on the state of the art with focus on ART contributing to conservation breeding of endangered carnivores.
Effect of testicular tissue lysate on developmental competence of porcine oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro
Authors: Singh AK , Naskar S , Saikia B , Vashi Y , Gupta S , Banik S , Tamuli MK , Pande V , Sarma DK , Dhara SK 
Published: November 2016

ContentsThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of testicular tissue lysate (TTL) on developmental competence of germinal vesicle (GV) stage porcine oocytes. Two types of TTL were prepared through repeated freeze–thaw in liquid nitrogen, one from whole testicular tissue (wTTL) and other from either of four different sections of testes, namely just beneath the tunica albuginea (TA), from the transitional area between the seminiferous cord/tubules and the mediastinum testis (TR) and from the intermediate area (parenchymal tissue origin) and CE (cauda epididymis origin). The whole or section‐wise TTL treatments were given for 44 hr during in vitro maturation (IVM). Oocyte maturation was done in either of the two media, namely defined (high‐performance basic medium for porcine oocyte maturation, commercially available) and serum containing (TCM199). After maturation, oocytes were co‐incubated with fresh spermatozoa for 6 hr and then transferred to embryo culture media. Treatment of GV stage oocytes with wTTL (1 mg/ml) increased the cleavage and morula percentage rate (69.23 ± 6.23 and 48.15 ± 6.77, respectively) than that of their control (58.33 ± 8.08 and 32.54 ± 5.53, respectively) in defined media, and in serum‐containing media, cleavage and morula percentage rate were almost equal in both treatment (54.56 ± 7.79 and 34.70 ± 6.78, respectively) and control (59.52 ± 8.21 and 38.52 ± 6.54, respectively). However, effect of wTTL was not significant. In case of section‐wise TTL supplements, TR section significantly (p < .01) improved cleavage and morula rate (58.43 ± 7.98 and 36.14 ± 6.89, respectively) followed by TA. In conclusion, present study indicates that IVM, in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture of embryo are improved in the presence of TTL, particularly its TR section. Further study is expected to reveal the principal components of TTL which may prove useful for IVM.
Nasal immunization with inhibin DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated Salmonella choleraesuis for improving ovarian responses and fertility in cross‐bred buffaloes
Authors: Liu Q , Rehman ZU , Liu JJ , Han L , Liu XR , Yang LG 
Published: November 2016

ContentsThis study was conducted to determine the effect of immunization with inhibin DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated Salmonella choleraesuis on ovarian responses and fertility in cross‐bred buffaloes. A total of 134 cross‐bred buffaloes were divided into four groups: groups T1 (n = 34), T2 (n = 35) and T3 (n = 31) were nasal immunized twice a day with 10 ml of 1 × 1010 CFU/ml of the C501 (pVAX‐asd‐IS) vaccine for 5, 3 and 1 day, respectively. Group C (n = 34) was nasal immunized with 10 ml PBS for 5 days. All animals were immunized twice with an interval of 14 days and administered with 200 μg of a GnRH analogue on day 28, 0.5 mg PGF2α on day 35 and 200 μg of the same GnRH analogue on day 37. TAI was performed at 18 and 24 hr after the second GnRH treatment. Fourteen days after primary immunization, C501 (pVAX‐asd‐IS) elicited significant immune responses, and anti‐inhibin IgG antibody titres in group T1 were significantly higher (p < .01) than groups T3 and C. After the second GnRH treatment, the growth speed of the dominant follicles in group T1 was significantly faster (p < .05) than groups T3 and C. The number and diameter of large follicles (≥10 mm) as well as ovulatory follicles in group T1 were the greatest in all groups, resulting in a greater conception rate in buffaloes with positive anti‐inhibin antibodies. These results demonstrate that immunization with the C501 (pVAX‐asd‐IS) vaccine, coupled with the Ovsynch protocol, could be used as an alternative approach to improve reproductive performance in cross‐bred buffaloes.
Patterns of treatment expectation and the physician–patient relationship perceived by women receiving traditional Chinese medicine treatment for menstrual symptoms: a Q‐methodology study
Authors: Guo Jong‐Long , Tu Ku Hsin‐Yi , Yang Fu‐Chi , Hsu Hsiao‐Pei , Lin Yun‐Hsuan , Huang Chiu‐Mieh 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThe recurrence of menstrual symptoms markedly interferes with the daily life, social functioning, work disability and quality of life of women. Patient perception of healthcare services is underexplored but crucial for understanding how to efficiently develop healthcare practices.AimsTo identify and describe the different patterns of treatment expectation and physician–patient relationships perceived by women receiving traditional Chinese medicine treatment for menstrual symptoms.MethodsA two‐stage data collection design was used. In the first stage, in‐depth interviews with 40 participants were conducted; the interview data were used for content analysis. Q statements were developed on the basis of the content analysis results. In the second stage, a series of Q sorts was performed by 60 other participants to subjectively rank the Q statements.ResultsThe results of factor analysis revealed that four factors retained in the final model accounted for 56% of total variance. Women associated with Factor 1 had experienced few negative physician–patient interactions; these women were relatively young (31.6 years) and had mild perimenstrual mood discomfort (6.4). Women who loaded on Factor 2 preferred physician guidance and encountered few barriers to adherence; these participants were older (38.6 years) and had the most severe perimenstrual mood discomfort (9.5) among the four groups. The women in agreement with Factor 3 tended to patiently wait for treatment effects; these participants had the highest scores for both cyclic pelvic pain (4.9) and perimenstrual physical discomfort (8.8). The women associated with Factor 4 demanded effective treatment and had the lowest scores for both cyclic pelvic pain (3.8) and perimenstrual physical discomfort (6.8).ConclusionsThe exploration of clustering patients according to their perspectives could influence healthcare providers to acknowledge patient expectations and enable effective communication between physicians and patients.
The stratigraphic record and processes of turbidity current transformation across deep‐marine lobes
Authors: Kane Ian A. , Pontén Anna S. M. , Vangdal Brita , Eggenhuisen Joris T. , Hodgson David M. , Spychala Yvonne T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSedimentary facies in the distal parts of deep‐marine lobes can diverge significantly from those predicted by classical turbidite models, and sedimentological processes in these environments are poorly understood. This gap may be bridged using outcrop studies and theoretical models. In the Skoorsteenberg Formation (South Africa), a downstream transition from thickly bedded turbidite sandstones to argillaceous, internally layered hybrid beds, is observed. The hybrid beds have a characteristic stratigraphic and spatial distribution, being associated with bed successions which generally coarsen and thicken‐upward reflecting deposition on the fringes of lobes in a dominantly progradational system. Using a detailed characterization of bed types, including grain size, grain‐fabric and mineralogical analyses, a process‐model for flow evolution is developed. This is explored using a numerical suspension capacity model for radially spreading and decelerating turbidity currents. The new model shows how decelerating sediment suspensions can reach a critical suspension capacity threshold beyond which grains are not supported by fluid turbulence. Sand and silt particles, settling together with flocculated clay, may form low yield strength cohesive flows; development of these higher concentration lower boundary layer flows inhibits transfer of turbulent kinetic energy into the upper parts of the flow ultimately resulting in catastrophic loss of turbulence and collapse of the upper part of the flow. Advection distances of the now transitional to laminar flow are relatively long (several kilometres) suggesting relatively slow dewatering (several hours) of the low yield strength flows. The catastrophic loss of turbulence accounts for the presence of such beds in other fine‐grained systems without invoking external controls or large‐scale flow partitioning and also explains the abrupt pinch‐out of all divisions of these sandstones. Estimation of the point of flow transformation is a useful tool in the prediction of heterogeneity distribution in subsurface systems.
Territorial Neutrality and Cultural Pluralism in American Federalism: Is the United States the Archenemy of Peripheral Nationalism?
Authors: Kincaid John 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study examines accommodations of ‘national’ minorities in the context of territorial neutrality and territorial democracy in American federalism and critiques Kymlicka's criticism of the United States as the foe of peripheral nationalism. Aside from the imagined nationalism of the white American South, peripheral nationalism has not been politically viable in the United States. Territorial democracy permitted territorially based cultural pluralism that facilitated immigrant assimilation while asymmetrical territorial governance arrangements accommodated ‘national’ minorities not necessarily desiring statehood. Secession, therefore, is not a credible threat in American federalism.
Cytomegalovirus and cancer after kidney transplantation: Role of the human leukocyte antigen system?
Authors: Wong Germaine , Chakera Aron , Chapman Jeremy R. , Chadban Steve C. , Pilmore Helen , Craig Jonathan C. , Lim Wai H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in cancer development after transplantation remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the association between donor and recipient CMV serological status and the risk of cancer development after kidney transplantation.MethodsUsing data from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry, we assessed the association between CMV donor/recipient (D/R) serological status and the risk of solid organ cancers in primary adult deceased‐donor kidney transplant patients between 1990 and 2012.ResultsOf 8140 recipients, a total of 895 (11%) recipients developed incident cancers during a follow‐up time of 51 555 person‐years. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches was an effect modifier between CMV serological status and cancer (P=.03 for interaction). In recipients who have received 0‐2 HLA‐ABDR mismatched kidneys, the adjusted hazard ratios for cancer incidence among those with CMV D−/R−, CMV D−/R+, and CMV D+/R− were 0.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24‐0.91), 1.42 (95% CI: 0.97‐2.07), and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.67‐1.57), respectively compared with the reference of CMV D+/R+. A similar association was not observed in those with >2 HLA‐ABDR mismatches.ConclusionCMV D−/R− status was associated with a reduced risk of cancer in kidney transplant recipients who have received well‐matched renal allografts, suggesting a potential role of HLA matching in cancer development.