bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming the curse of dimensionality in the numerical approximation of high-dimensional semilinear elliptic partial differential equations
Authors: Beck Christian , Gonon Lukas , Jentzen Arnulf 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently, so-called full-history recursive multilevel Picard (MLP) approximation schemes have been introduced and shown to overcome the curse of dimensionality in the numerical approximation of semilinear parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) with Lipschitz nonlinearities. The key contribution of this article is to introduce and analyze a new variant of MLP approximation schemes for certain semilinear elliptic PDEs with Lipschitz nonlinearities and to prove that the proposed approximation schemes overcome the curse of dimensionality in the numerical approximation of such semilinear elliptic PDEs.
The influence of economic growth, fossil and renewable energy, technological innovation, and globalisation on carbon dioxide emissions in South Africa
Authors: Matenda Frank Ranganai , Raihan Asif , Zhou Helper , Sibanda Mabutho 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2), whose atmospheric volume has been increasing, is the principal greenhouse gas (GHG) that causes global warming and climate change. Climate change from increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) has broad health and environmental influences. Human-emitted GHGs constitute a significant cause of global warming. The main objective of this article is to assess the influence of technological innovation, economic growth, fossil energy use, renewable energy consumption, and globalisation on CO2 emissions (CO2Es) in South Africa over the observation period 1990–2020. The Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) estimator was implemented to examine the relationship between the constituents. The study results indicate that economic growth, fossil energy use, technological innovation, and globalisation boost CO2Es, whereas renewable energy consumption reduces CO2Es. The output of the canonical cointegrating regression and fully modified least squares estimators also supports the output of the DOLS estimator. We concluded that, in South Africa, a rise in economic growth, fossil energy use, technological innovation, and globalisation results in an upsurge in CO2Es. In contrast, an increase in renewable energy consumption leads to a reduction in CO2Es. This research work contributes to the discourse on CO2Es in the South African context. The study recommends that policymakers in South Africa should design policies that foster the formation of a low-carbon country, the consumption of renewable energy, and the implementation of environment-friendly technological innovations that reduce the use of fossil energy.
Graphical Abstract
Professionalism: bridging the missing link between environmental MRV and carbon neutrality
Authors: Chung Hiu Ching , Li Wanxin , Loh Christine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Carbon neutrality cannot be achieved without different economic sectors, individuals and households, and the government making serious efforts. Green finance in different forms including environmental, social and governance investment and carbon emissions trading are used to measure the reduction in carbon emissions and place a monetary value on them. However, because of inconsistencies or even manipulation in the monitoring/measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of air quality and carbon emissions data, the effectiveness of green finance has been largely compromised. Environmental MRV is a technology-based engineering task, which is also heavily impacted by institutional design and professionalism. This commentary will draw upon principal–agent theory and the practical arrangements of environmental MRV to discuss why professionalism is badly needed and how to bridge the missing link for achieving carbon neutrality and sustainability transitions.
ON CONSECUTIVE RESIDUES AND NONRESIDUES UNDER A LINEAR MAP IN A FINITE FIELD
Authors: BERGMAN EMILY , COULTER ROBERT S. , FAIN BRADLEY 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For fixed m and a, we give an explicit description of those subsets of

${\mathbb F}_{q}$

, q odd, for which both x and

$mx+a$

are quadratic residues (and other combinations). These results extend and refine results that date back to Gauss.
THE WEYL TRANSFORM OF A SMOOTH MEASURE ON A REAL-ANALYTIC SUBMANIFOLD
Authors: MISHRA MANSI , VEMURI M. K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
If

$\mu $

is a smooth measure supported on a real-analytic submanifold of

${\mathbb {R}}^{2n}$

which is not contained in any affine hyperplane, then the Weyl transform of

$\mu $

is a compact operator.
The belief that being high is a natural part of your personality predicts an increase in manic symptoms over time in bipolar disorder
Authors: Richardson Thomas , Mansell Warren 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Several psychological models of bipolar disorder propose that certain types of appraisals can lead to increases in manic symptoms.

Aims:
We tested whether the belief that being ‘high’ is a natural part of one’s personality and correlates with manic symptoms 4 months later when controlling for manic symptoms at baseline.

Method:
This was a prospective 4-month follow-up design using self-report measures. Forty people with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder completed a measure of manic symptoms, a measure of appraisals associated with bipolar disorder, and a single-item measure, ‘To what extent do you feel like being “high” is a natural part of your personality?’, at baseline and follow-up.

Results:
The single-item measure showed modest stability over time and construct validity in its correlation with a standardised measure of appraisals in bipolar disorder. As predicted, the single-item measure correlated with manic symptoms at follow-up when controlling for manic symptoms at baseline.

Conclusions:
The belief that being ‘high’ is a natural part of one’s personality is a potential predictor of manic symptoms. Further research needs to study the potential mediating mechanisms such as activating behaviours, and control for indicators of the bipolar endophenotype.
Translation and cultural adaptation of evidence-informed leaflets on the work–health interface: a pragmatic approach to cultural adaptation
Authors: Amundsen Pål André , Engedahl Martin , Burton Kim , Malmberg-Heimonen Ira , Grotle Margreth , Froud Robert 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim:
Our aim was to translate and culturally adapt three evidence-informed leaflets on the work–health interface from English into Norwegian. Integral to this aim was the exploration of the quality and acceptability of each of the adapted leaflets to Norwegian-speaking stakeholders; general practitioners, people who deal with health issues in the workplace, and the general population.

Background:
Common health problems, such as musculoskeletal pain, account for most workdays lost and disability benefits in Norway. To facilitate return to work, it may be important to have access to evidence-informed information on the work–health interface for stakeholders involved in sickness absence processes. However, there is limited information material available in Norwegian that is tailored for the different stakeholders. Cultural adaptation is an emerging strategy for implementing health information across different populations and regions. Guidelines on cultural adaptation are not well-suited for translating and adapting evidence-informed health information material.

Methods:
We conducted a pragmatic cultural adaptation process informed by existing guidelines. Our conceptual framework for adaptation is situated between adaptation and translation and comprises appraisal, forward- and back-translation, review in multiple steps, sense checking, and re-designing using a transcreation approach. Using an online survey, we aimed to evaluate the overall quality, value, acceptability, and clarity of each of the adapted leaflets to a total of 30 end-users.

Findings:
We translated and culturally adapted three leaflets from English to Norwegian. Adapted leaflets were found to be clearly presented, acceptable, and valued by 45 Norwegian end-users. No differences in key concepts between original and back-translated leaflets emerged through the review process by the original author and forward translators. We used a pragmatic approach in this study that might be useful to others culturally adapting evidence-informed health information material.
Experiences and attitudes of nurses with the legislation on assisted suicide in Austria
Authors: Zeilinger Elisabeth Lucia , Petersen Arzu , Brunevskaya Nadine , Fuchs Amelie , Wagner Theresa , Pietschnig Jakob , Kitta Anna , Ecker Franziska , Kum Lea , Adamidis Feroniki , Bär Joachim , Sifuentes Caccire Connie , Unseld Matthias , Masel Eva Katharina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesIn 2022, assisted suicide (AS) was legalized in Austria. We aimed to investigate the experiences and attitudes of palliative care (PC) and hospice nurses toward AS in Austria after the first year of implementation of the new law.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was distributed online to nurses in every known specialized and general hospice and PC units in Austria (n = 255 units). The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, the Assisted Suicide Attitude Scale, the Comfort Discussing Assisted Suicide Scale, and questions on recent experiences with AS requests. We used Spearman’s correlation coefficient for determining associations between sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes toward AS, as well as comfort discussing AS. For comparison of frequencies, we applied ꭓ2 tests. We computed a linear regression model to examine predictors for attitudes toward AS.ResultsThe total sample were N = 280 nurses. More than half (61.2%) indicated that they had cared for a patient who expressed a wish for AS within the first year of implementation. Though responses varied widely, more nurses expressed support for AS than those were opposed (50.36% and 31.75%, respectively). Factors that statistically contributed to more reluctance toward AS in the regression model were older age, religiousness, and experience of working with patients expressing a wish for AS.Significance of resultsThis work provides valuable insight into nurses’ perceptions toward the legislation of AS in the first year since the new law was passed. The results can inform the future development of the AS system and support for nurses in end-of-life care, and critically contribute to international discussions on this controversial topic.
A Sustainability Index for Evaluating Vegetation Restoration Under Rainwater Resources Limitation
Authors: Yang Wenjing , Zhao Yong , Zhao Jianshi , Chang Huanyu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEvaluating vegetation restoration sustainability is crucial to avoid conflicts between human water demand and ecosystem consumption, especially with the surge in leaf area index (LAI) due to revegetation projects in China. However, current methods for assessing vegetation sustainability are still limited. Here, we developed a sustainability index for vegetation systems (vegetation sustainability index, VSI) from water demand and supply aspects based on reliability, resilience, and vulnerability in arid and semi‐arid areas. VSI was built upon a vegetation overplanting index (dLAI) which is the difference between the maximum LAI supported by precipitation (LAIp) and the observed LAI (LAIobs). A case study in the mountainous area of the Haihe River basin reveals gradually declining VSI after 2000. Forests are the primary vegetation type in areas with VSI < 0.5, indicating decreased sustainability due to overplanting. The framework of VSI can be a useful tool for planning and implementing vegetation restoration strategies in arid and semi‐arid regions.
Bow Shock Ripples and Their Modulation of Whistler Wave Packets: MMS Observations
Authors: Li Jing‐Huan , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Wang Shan , Liu Zhi‐Yang , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Yao Shu‐Tao , Artemyev Anton V. , Omura Yoshiharu , Li Li , Yue Chao , Shi Quan‐Qi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe terrestrial bow shock is the boundary where supersonic solar wind slows down abruptly near the magnetopause. The shock front geometry could be modulated by surface waves to form rippled structures, which impact the acceleration process of the solar wind particles. However, the rippled structures are hard to be identified unambiguously due to the similar signatures in single‐spacecraft observations between rippled shocks and reforming shocks. Here, we utilize the four‐spacecraft observations from the MMS mission to investigate an event of quasi‐perpendicular bow shock crossing. The periodic oscillations of shock normal directions and normal velocities support the scenario of surface wave propagation in the tangential direction. We also reconstruct the shock profile along the normal direction, and its monotonic shape further excludes the occurrence of shock reformation. These ripples are found to modulate the reflected ions and whistler wave packets, which adds to the complexity of the bow shock plasma environments.
From Delay to Advance: The Impact of Increasing Drought on Autumn Photosynthetic Phenology in Subtropical and Tropical Forests
Authors: Xu Yue , Li Mingwei , Liu Zunchi , Gong Yufeng , Wu Zhaofei , Pu Xiao , Fu Yongshuo H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDrought dramatically impacts the autumn phenology of vegetation. However, the underlying mechanisms of vegetation autumn phenology responses to drought in tropical and subtropical forests remain unclear. Here, we employed three fitting methods to extract the end‐of‐photosynthetic‐growing‐season (EOPS) dates and quantified their responses to drought intensity using ridge regression and correlation analysis. Our analysis revealed a general delay in the trend of EOPS at an average rate of 3.6 days per decade from 2001 to 2020 in southern China. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) emerged as the primary influencing predictor of EOPS processes, surpassing the impacts of temperature, precipitation, and radiation. Notably, our analysis highlighted a shift in the response of EOPS to drought from delay to advancement when drought intensity exceeded 0.38. Incorporating this reversal phenomenon into EOPS models is crucial for accurately predicting autumn phenology under future escalating drought conditions.
Automatic Extraction of VLF Constant‐Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Frequency Based on an Improved Vgg16‐Unet
Authors: Han Ying , Liu Qingjie , Huang Jianping , Li Zhong , Yan Rui , Yuan Jing , Shen Xuhui , Xing Lili , Pang Guoli 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConstant Frequency Electromagnetic Waves (CFEWs) refer to electromagnetic waves with a constant frequency. Man‐made CFEWs are mainly used in wireless communication, scientific research, global navigation and positioning systems, and military radar. CFEWs exhibit horizontal line characteristics higher than the background on spectrograms. In this study, we focus on Very Low Frequency (VLF) waveform data and power spectral data collected by the China Seismo‐Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) Electromagnetic Field Detector (EFD). We utilize deep learning techniques to construct an improved Vgg16‐Unet model for automatically detecting horizontal lines on time‐frequency spectrogram and extracting their frequencies. First, we transform waveform data into time‐frequency spectrogram with a duration of 2 s using Short‐Time Fourier Transform. Then, we manually label horizontal lines on the time‐frequency spectrogram using the Labelme tool to establish the dataset. Next, we establish and improve the Vgg16‐Unet deep learning model. Finally, we train and test the model using the dataset. Statistical experimental results show that the error rate of line detection is 0, indicating high reliability of the model, with fewer parameters and fast computation speed suitable for practical applications. Not only do we detect lines through the model, but we also obtain their frequencies. Additionally, in batch‐generated power spectrogram of CFEWs, we discover some unstable phenomena such as frequency shifts and fluctuations, which contribute to understanding the propagation mechanism of CFEWs in the ionosphere and improving the accuracy of related systems.
Striking long-term beneficial effects of single dose psilocybin and psychedelic mushroom extract in the SAPAP3 rodent model of OCD-like excessive self-grooming
Authors: Brownstien Michal , Lazar Michal , Botvinnik Alexander , Shevakh Chloe , Blakolmer Karin , Lerer Leonard , Lifschytz Tzuri , Lerer Bernard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent disorder that causes serious disability. Available treatments leave 40% or more of people with OCD significantly symptomatic. There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Mice that carry a homozygous deletion of the SAPAP3 gene (SAPAP3 KO) manifest a phenotype of excessive self-grooming, tic-like head-body twitches and anxiety. These behaviors closely resemble pathological self-grooming behaviors observed in humans in conditions that overlap with OCD. Following a preliminary report that the tryptaminergic psychedelic, psilocybin, may reduce symptoms in patients with OCD, we undertook a randomized controlled trial of psilocybin in 50 SAPAP3 KO mice (28 male, 22 female). Mice that fulfilled inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to a single intraperitoneal injection of psilocybin (4.4 mg/kg), psychedelic mushroom extract (encompassing the same psilocybin dose) or vehicle control and were evaluated after 2, 12, and 21 days by a rater blind to treatment allocation for grooming characteristics, head-body twitches, anxiety, and other behavioral features. Mice treated with vehicle (n = 18) manifested a 118.71 ± 95.96% increase in total self-grooming (the primary outcome measure) over the 21-day observation period. In contrast, total self-grooming decreased by 14.60 ± 17.90% in mice treated with psilocybin (n = 16) and by 19.20 ± 20.05% in mice treated with psychedelic mushroom extract (n = 16) (p = 0.001 for effect of time; p = 0.0001 for time × treatment interaction). Five mice were dropped from the vehicle group because they developed skin lesions; 4 from the psilocybin group and none from the psychedelic mushroom extract group. Secondary outcome measures such as head-body twitches and anxiety all showed a significant improvement over 21 days. Notably, in mice that responded to psilocybin (n = 12) and psychedelic mushroom extract (n = 13), the beneficial effect of a single treatment persisted up to 7 weeks. Mice initially treated with vehicle and non-responsive, showed a clear and lasting therapeutic response when treated with a single dose of psilocybin or psychedelic mushroom extract and followed for a further 3 weeks. While equivalent to psilocybin in overall effect on self-grooming, psychedelic mushroom extract showed superior effects in alleviating head-body twitches and anxiety. These findings strongly justify clinical trials of psilocybin in the treatment of OCD and further studies aimed at elucidating mechanisms that underlie the long-term effects to alleviate excessive self-grooming observed in this study.
A German perspective on the impact of socioeconomic status in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Ghandili Susanne , Dierlamm Judith , Bokemeyer Carsten , Kusche Henrik , Peters Frederik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe prognostic influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on the survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients remains controversial. This observational study examines the potential impact of regional SES inequalities on overall survival (OS) among DLBCL patients in Germany. We analyzed data from the German nationwide population-based dataset spanning 2004-2019 sourced from the German Center for Cancer Registry Data (n = 49,465). The primary objective was to assess the 5-year OS among patients with low SES compared to those living in middle and high SES areas. SES was grouped according to quintiles of the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation, which summarized nine indicators covering aspects of regional education, employment, and income. DLBCL patients in low SES areas had significantly impaired 5-year OS compared to those in middle and high SES regions (59.2% vs. 61.8% vs. 64.1%, p < 0.0001). Yet, additionally accounting for regional premature mortality removed the impact of SES on survival (Hazard Ratio 0.94, 95% CI 0.87–1.01). Our findings indicate that the prognostic impact of socioeconomic deprivation on long-term survival is not due to variations in diagnosis and treatment of DLBCL itself but rather a higher comorbidity burden.
Metabolic reprogramming in skeletal cell differentiation
Authors: Bertels Joshua C. , He Guangxu , Long Fanxin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe human skeleton is a multifunctional organ made up of multiple cell types working in concert to maintain bone and mineral homeostasis and to perform critical mechanical and endocrine functions. From the beginning steps of chondrogenesis that prefigures most of the skeleton, to the rapid bone accrual during skeletal growth, followed by bone remodeling of the mature skeleton, cell differentiation is integral to skeletal health. While growth factors and nuclear proteins that influence skeletal cell differentiation have been extensively studied, the role of cellular metabolism is just beginning to be uncovered. Besides energy production, metabolic pathways have been shown to exert epigenetic regulation via key metabolites to influence cell fate in both cancerous and normal tissues. In this review, we will assess the role of growth factors and transcription factors in reprogramming cellular metabolism to meet the energetic and biosynthetic needs of chondrocytes, osteoblasts, or osteoclasts. We will also summarize the emerging evidence linking metabolic changes to epigenetic modifications during skeletal cell differentiation.
Imipridones inhibit tumor growth and improve survival in an orthotopic liver metastasis mouse model of human uveal melanoma
Authors: Chattopadhyay Chandrani , Roszik Janos , Bhattacharya Rajat , Alauddin Md , Mahmud Iqbal , Yadugiri Sirisha , Ali Mir Mustafa , Khan Fatima S. , Prabhu Varun Vijay , Lorenzi Philip L. , Wei Bo , Burton Elizabeth , Morey Rohini R. , Lazcano Rossana , Davies Michael A. , Patel Sapna P. , Grimm Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a highly aggressive disease with very few treatment options. We previously demonstrated that mUM is characterized by high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Here we tested the anti-tumor, signaling and metabolic effects of imipridones, which are CLPP activators, which inhibit OXPHOS indirectly and have demonstrated safety in patients.

Methods
We assessed CLPP expression in UM patient samples. We tested the effects of imipridones (ONC201 and ONC212) on the growth, survival, signaling and metabolism of UM cell lines in vitro, and for therapeutic efficacy in vivo in UM liver metastasis models.

Results
CLPP expression was detected in primary and mUM patient samples. ONC201 and 212 decreased OXPHOS effectors, inhibited cell growth and migration, and induced apoptosis in human UM cell lines in vitro. ONC212 inhibited OXPHOS, increased metabolic stress and apoptotic pathways, inhibited amino acid metabolism, and induced cell death-related lipids. ONC212 also decreased tumor burden and increased survival in vivo in two UM liver metastasis models.

Conclusions
Imipridones are a promising strategy for further testing and development in mUM.