bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow and heat transfer in a porous medium saturated with a Sisko nanofluid over a nonlinearly stretching sheet with heat generation/absorption
Authors: Eid Mohamed R. , Mahny Kasseb L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis work is focused on steady flow and heat transfer in a porous medium saturated with a Sisko nanofluid (non‐Newtonian power‐law) over a nonlinearly stretching sheet in the presence of heat generation/absorption. Nonlinear PDEs are transformed into a system of coupled nonlinear ODEs with related boundary conditions using similarity transformation. The reduced equations are then solved numerically using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth–fifth order method (RKF45) with Maple 14.0 software. The solutions depend on the power‐law index n and the effect of pertinent parameter such as the Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Lewis number, the permeability, and the heat generation/absorption on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles volume fraction and also on the skin friction, local Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers are produced for values of the influence parameter. A rapprochement of the numerical results of the actual study with formerly published data detected an excellent agreement.
Whole‐brain arteriography and venography: Using improved velocity‐selective saturation pulse trains
Authors: Li Wenbo , Xu Feng , Schär Michael , Liu Jing , Shin Taehoon , Zhao Yansong , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Wasserman Bruce A. , Qiao Ye , Qin Qin 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTo develop velocity‐selective (VS) MR angiography (MRA) protocols for arteriography and venography with whole‐brain coverage.MethodsTissue suppression using velocity‐selective saturation (VSS) pulse trains is sensitive to radiofrequency field (B1+) inhomogeneity. To reduce its sensitivity, we replaced the low‐flip‐angle hard pulses in the VSS pulse train with optimal composite (OCP) pulses. Additionally, new pulse sequences for arteriography and venography were developed by placing spatially selective inversion pulses with a delay to null signals from either venous or arterial blood. The VS MRA techniques were compared to the time‐of‐flight (TOF) MRA in six healthy subjects and two patients at 3T.ResultsMore uniform suppression of stationary tissue was observed when the hard pulses were replaced by OCP pulses in the VSS pulse trains, which improved contrast ratios between blood vessels and tissue background for both arteries (0.87 vs. 0.77) and veins (0.80 vs. 0.59). Both arteriograms and venograms depicted all major cervical and intracranial arteries and veins, respectively. Compared to TOF MRA, VS MRA not only offers larger spatial coverage but also depicts more small vessels. Initial clinical feasibility was shown in two patients with comparisons to TOF protocols.ConclusionNoncontrast‐enhanced whole‐brain arteriography and venography can be obtained without losing sensitivity to small vessel detection. Magn Reson Med 79:2014–2023, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Climate change, carbon market instruments, and biodiversity: focusing on synergies and avoiding pitfalls
Authors: Essl Franz , Erb Karl‐Heinz , Glatzel Stephan , Pauchard Aníbal 
Published: August 2017

Fundamental economic and societal transformations are necessary to avoid dangerous climate change. One broad policy approach that addresses the close relationship between conservation and climate change mitigation is based on correcting a market failure, that is, to establish a price signal for carbon, or more generally, greenhouse gas emissions. While many synergies between climate policy instruments and biodiversity conservation do exist, current policies often fall short of harvesting this potential. Here, we present six key challenges: (1) establishing a strong price signal for greenhouse gas emissions from all emission sources (including land‐use and the terrestrial biosphere) that takes into account long‐term societal and ecological costs; (2) expand carbon market instruments to cover the full range of greenhouse gases; (3) develop an ambitious, yet accountable architecture for rising emission prices; (4) develop guidelines and ensure enforcement to avoid greenhouse gas leakage; (5) improve greenhouse gas emission measurements from land‐use and the biosphere; and (6) integrate emission reduction as a priority into relevant policies. Substantial synergies, but also trade‐offs between climate policy and conservation exist, and we identify key risks and challenges. We call for (1) evidence‐based evaluations of policy options; (2) avoiding too narrow framings of contested issues such as forest plantations, biofuels, or land‐use decisions that exclude (or downplay) indirect effects (e.g., indirect land‐use changes or creating carbon debts); and (3) strengthening integrated analyzes beyond sector policy goals. We conclude that avoiding bio‐perverse impacts of climate policies on biodiversity will be crucial for the success of global climate change mitigation.WIREs Clim Change2018, 9:e486. doi: 10.1002/wcc.486This article is categorized under:Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Conservation Strategies
Investigation of the Analytical F14C Bone Background Value at SUERC
Authors: Dunbar E , Naysmith P , Cook G T , Scott E M , Xu S , Tripney B G 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe SUERC Radiocarbon Laboratory employs a one-step “background subtraction” method when calculating 14C ages. An interglacial wood (VIRI Sample K) is employed as the non-bone organic background standard, while a mammoth bone (LQH12) from Latton Quarry is used as the bone background standard. Results over several years demonstrate that the bone background is consistently around a factor of two higher and more variable than the wood background. As a result, the uncertainty on routine bone measurements is higher than for other sample types. This study investigates the factors that may contribute to the difference in F14C values and the higher variability. Preparations of collagen using modified Longin or ultrafiltration methods show no significant difference, nor does eliminating the collagen dissolution step. Two bone samples of known infinite age with respect to radiocarbon are compared and again no significant difference is observed. Finally, the quantity and age of the organic matter in the water used during the pretreatment is investigated and it is shown that there is insufficient organic matter in the reverse osmosis water to influence background values significantly. The attention is now on determining if incomplete demineralization could lead to contaminants being retained by the phosphate in the hydroxyapatite.
The humanitarian protectorate of South Sudan? Understanding insecurity for humanitarians in a political economy of aid
Authors: Jansen Bram J. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to contribute to debates about humanitarian governance and insecurity in post-conflict situations. It takes the case of South Sudan to explore the relations between humanitarian agencies, the international community, and local authorities, and the ways international and local forms of power become interrelated and contested, and to what effect. The paper is based on eight months of ethnographic research in various locations in South Sudan between 2011 and 2013, in which experiences with and approaches to insecurity among humanitarian aid actors were studied. The research found that many security threats can be understood in relation to the everyday practices of negotiating and maintaining humanitarian access. Perceiving this insecurity as violation or abuse of a moral and practical humanitarianism neglects how humanitarian aid in practice was embedded in broader state building processes. This paper posits instead that much insecurity for humanitarian actors is a symptom of the blurring of international and local forms of power, and this mediates the development of a humanitarian protectorate.
3D-point-cloud registration and real-world dynamic modelling-based virtual environment building method for teleoperation- CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Ni Dejing , Song Aiguo , Xu Xiaonong , Li Huijun , Zhu Chengcheng , Zeng Hong 
Published: August 2017

The Figure 4 in the original version has a stylistic error.It ought to use the figure as follows:

The authors apologise for this error.
Intravenous sotalol use in a complex critically ill child: balancing the systems in choosing antiarrhythmic medication
Authors: Pasierb Michele M. , Seslar Stephen P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn critically ill children, multi-organ-system disease can influence the choice of antiarrhythmic medication. Intravenous therapy is often necessary. There is a scarcity of paediatric critical-care cases demonstrating the dosing, monitoring, and efficacy of intravenous sotalol. This case demonstrates the effective use of intravenous sotalol in an adolescent with renal, hepatic, and haematological dysfunctions.
Phylogenetically conserved resource partitioning in the coastal microbial loop
Authors: Bryson Samuel , Li Zhou , Chavez Francisco , Weber Peter K , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Hettich Robert L , Pan Chongle , Mayali Xavier , Mueller Ryan S 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Resource availability influences marine microbial community structure, suggesting that population-specific resource partitioning defines discrete niches. Identifying how resources are partitioned among populations, thereby characterizing functional guilds within the communities, remains a challenge for microbial ecologists. We used proteomic stable isotope probing (SIP) and NanoSIMS analysis of phylogenetic microarrays (Chip-SIP) along with 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic sequencing to characterize the assimilation of six 13C-labeled common metabolic substrates and changes in the microbial community structure within surface water collected from Monterey Bay, CA. Both sequencing approaches indicated distinct substrate-specific community shifts. However, observed changes in relative abundance for individual populations did not correlate well with directly measured substrate assimilation. The complementary SIP techniques identified assimilation of all six substrates by diverse taxa, but also revealed differential assimilation of substrates into protein and ribonucleotide biomass between taxa. Substrate assimilation trends indicated significantly conserved resource partitioning among populations within the Flavobacteriia, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria classes, suggesting that functional guilds within marine microbial communities are phylogenetically cohesive. However, populations within these classes exhibited heterogeneity in biosynthetic activity, which distinguished high-activity copiotrophs from low-activity oligotrophs. These results indicate distinct growth responses between populations that is not apparent by genome sequencing alone.
Bacterial volatile ammonia regulates the consumption sequence of d-pinitol and d-glucose in a fungus associated with an invasive bark beetle
Authors: Zhou Fangyuan , Xu Letian , Wang Shanshan , Wang Bo , Lou Qiaozhe , Lu Min , Sun Jianghua 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Interactions among microbial symbionts have multiple roles in the maintenance of insect–microbe symbiosis. However, signals mediating microbial interactions have been scarcely studied. In the classical model system of bark beetles and fungal associates, fungi increase the fitness of insects. However, not all interactions are mutualistic, some of these fungal symbionts compete for sugars with beetle larvae. How this antagonistic effect is alleviated is unknown, and recent research suggests potential roles of bacterial symbionts. Red turpentine beetle (RTB), Dendroctonus valens LeConte, is an invasive pest in China, and it leads to wide spread, catastrophic mortality to Chinese pines. In the symbiotic system formed by RTB, fungi and bacteria, volatiles from predominant bacteria regulate the consumption sequence of carbon sources d-pinitol and d-glucose in the fungal symbiont Leptographium procerum, and appear to alleviate the antagonistic effect from the fungus against RTB larvae. However, active components of these volatiles are unknown. We detected 67 volatiles by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). Seven of them were identified as candidate chemicals mediating bacteria-fungus interactions, among which ammonia made L. procerum consume its secondary carbon source D-pinitol instead of its preferred carbohydrate D-glucose. In conclusion, ammonia regulated the consumption sequence of these two carbon sources in the fungal symbiont.
Network analysis of gut microbiota literature: an overview of the research landscape in non-human animal studies
Authors: Pascoe Emily L , Hauffe Heidi C , Marchesi Julian R , Perkins Sarah E 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A wealth of human studies have demonstrated the importance of gut microbiota to health. Research on non-human animal gut microbiota is now increasing, but what insight does it provide? We reviewed 650 publications from this burgeoning field (2009–2016) and determined that animals driving this research were predominantly ‘domestic’ (48.2%), followed by ‘model’ (37.5%), with least studies on ‘wild’ (14.3%) animals. Domestic studies largely experimentally perturbed microbiota (81.8%) and studied mammals (47.9%), often to improve animal productivity. Perturbation was also frequently applied to model animals (87.7%), mainly mammals (88.1%), for forward translation of outcomes to human health. In contrast, wild animals largely characterised natural, unperturbed microbiota (79.6%), particularly in pest or pathogen vectoring insects (42.5%). We used network analyses to compare the research foci of each animal group: ‘diet’ was the main focus in all three, but to different ends: to enhance animal production (domestic), to study non-infectious diseases (model), or to understand microbiota composition (wild). Network metrics quantified model animal studies as the most interdisciplinary, while wild animals incorporated the fewest disciplines. Overall, animal studies, especially model and domestic, cover a broad array of research. Wild animals, however, are the least investigated, but offer under-exploited opportunities to study ‘real-life’ microbiota.
CLEC5A is a critical receptor in innate immunity against Listeria infection
Authors: Chen Szu-Ting , Li Fei-Ju , Hsu Tzy-yun , Liang Shu-Mei , Yeh Yi-Chen , Liao Wen-Yu , Chou Teh-Ying , Chen Nien-Jun , Hsiao Michael , Yang Wen-Bin , Hsieh Shie-Liang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe C-type lectin member 5A (CLEC5A) is a pattern recognition receptor for members of theFlavivirusfamily and has critical functions in response to dengue virus and Japanese encephalitis virus. Here we show that CLEC5A is involved in neutrophil extracellular trap formation and the production of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines in response toListeria monocytogenes. Inoculation ofClec5a−/−mice withL. monocytogenescauses rapid bacterial spreading, increased bacterial loads in the blood and liver, and severe liver necrosis. In these mice, IL-1β, IL-17A, and TNF expression is inhibited, CCL2 is induced, and large numbers of CD11b+Ly6ChiCCR2hiCX3CR1lowinflammatory monocytes infiltrate the liver. By day 5 of infection, these mice also have fewer IL-17A+γδ T cells, severe liver necrosis and a higher chance of fatality. Thus, CLEC5A has a pivotal function in the activation of multiple aspects of innate immunity against bacterial invasion.
Quantum correlation of qubit-reservoir system in dissipative environments
Authors: Wu Tao , Shi Jiadong , Yu Lizhi , He Juan , Ye Liu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this work, the dynamics of quantum correlation (QC) in terms of geometric discord and its transfer coupled with dissipative reservoirs are investigated. Taken two canonical cases where the qubits of interest are initially prepared in extended Werner-like state and W-like states into account, we specifically reveal the dynamical behaviors of the geometric discord as each qubit locally interacts with its surrounding infinite degree-of-freedom reservoir. In the scenarios, the short-term and long-term dynamics of the geometric discord for the qubit- and reservoir-subsystem as well as its transfers between them are observed detailedly. It turns out that the geometric discord of qubit-subsystem decays asymptotically to zero while the counterpart of reservoir-subsystem can revive from time t = 0 to steady value, which sheds light on a transfer of the discord from the qubit-subsystem to the corresponding reservoir-subsystem.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Effects of Shell Removal and Exogenous Gibberellin on Germination of Zanthoxylum Seeds
Authors: Sun Jikang , Wang Ping , Zhou Tao , Rong Jian , Jia Hao , Liu Zhiming 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe zanthoxylum seeds are oil-rich and have a very thick, dense and oily shell. In the natural conditions the seeds have a very low germination rate. Prior to treatment with GAs to promote germination, the seeds were usually soaked in sulfuric acid to remove shells easily. A high-throughput sequencing of mRNAs was performed to investigate the effects of the above treatments on the germination of zanthoxylum seeds. Seven libraries were assembled into 100,982 unigenes and 59,509 unigenes were annotated. We focused on the expression profiles of the key genes related to the oil metabolisms and hormone regulations during seed germination. Our data indicated the endogenous ABA of seeds was rich. The effects that the exogenous GAs promoted germination were apparent in the secong day of germination. Especially, for the first time our results indicated the exogenous GAs lowered the aerobic metabolism including the oil metabolisms during imbibition. We inferred that the exogenous GAs had inhibitory effects on the oil metabolisms to avoide oxidative damages to the imbibed seeds, and the seed shell played the role similiar to the exogenous GAs in the initial stage of germination in the natural conditions.
The chemical signatures underlying host plant discrimination by aphids
Authors: Hopkins David P. , Cameron Duncan D. , Butlin Roger K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe diversity of phytophagous insects is largely attributable to speciation involving shifts between host plants. These shifts are mediated by the close interaction between insects and plant metabolites. However, there has been limited progress in understanding the chemical signatures that underlie host preferences. We use the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) to address this problem. Host-associated races of pea aphid discriminate between plant species in race-specific ways. We combined metabolomic profiling of multiple plant species with behavioural tests on two A. pisum races, to identify metabolites that explain variation in either acceptance or discrimination. Candidate compounds were identified using tandem mass spectrometry. Our results reveal a small number of compounds that explain a large proportion of variation in the differential acceptability of plants to A. pisum races. Two of these were identified as L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine but it may be that metabolically-related compounds directly influence insect behaviour. The compounds implicated in differential acceptability were not related to the set correlated with general acceptability of plants to aphids, regardless of host race. Small changes in response to common metabolites may underlie host shifts. This study opens new opportunities for understanding the mechanistic basis of host discrimination and host shifts in insects.
Transcriptome analysis reveals plant response to colchicine treatment during on chromosome doubling
Authors: Zhou Kai , Fleet Paige , Nevo Eviatar , Zhang Xinquan , Sun Genlou 
Published: August 2017

AbstractColchicine was commonly used to artificially double chromosomes while the transcriptome changes in colchicine treated plants has rarely been characterized. To understand the molecular mechanism of colchicine on chromosome doubling, we characterized transcriptome data of diploid orchardgrass root after colchicine treatment. Our results showed that 3381 of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly affected by water stress, 1258 DEGs that were expressed significantly in sample DacR5tr but not in DacR5ck were considered to be mainly affected by colchicine and combination of water and colchicine. These DEGs mainly regulated by colchicine were enriched to gene ontology (GO) accessions of cation binding, catalytic activity, membrane and transporter activity, and enriched to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism. Genes related to microtubule, spindle, chromosomal kinetochore, vesicle, cellulose and processes of cytoplasm movement, chromatid segregation, membrane and cell wall development were inhibited by colchicine. Our results revealed that colchicine restrained the microtubules and inhibited gene expression of cytokinesis, which might slow down the cell activity, delay the cell into anaerobic respiration, resulting in apoptosis at late stage, and relieving of waterlogging.
Distinct carbon sources affect structural and functional maturation of cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Correia Cláudia , Koshkin Alexey , Duarte Patrícia , Hu Dongjian , Teixeira Ana , Domian Ibrahim , Serra Margarida , Alves Paula M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe immature phenotype of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) constrains their potential in cell therapy and drug testing. In this study, we report that shifting hPSC-CMs from glucose-containing to galactose- and fatty acid-containing medium promotes their fast maturation into adult-like CMs with higher oxidative metabolism, transcriptional signatures closer to those of adult ventricular tissue, higher myofibril density and alignment, improved calcium handling, enhanced contractility, and more physiological action potential kinetics. Integrated “-Omics” analyses showed that addition of galactose to culture medium improves total oxidative capacity of the cells and ameliorates fatty acid oxidation avoiding the lipotoxicity that results from cell exposure to high fatty acid levels. This study provides an important link between substrate utilization and functional maturation of hPSC-CMs facilitating the application of this promising cell type in clinical and preclinical applications.
Network robustness assessed within a dual connectivity framework: joint dynamics of the Active and Idle Networks
Authors: Tejedor Alejandro , Longjas Anthony , Zaliapin Ilya , Ambroj Samuel , Foufoula-Georgiou Efi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNetwork robustness against attacks has been widely studied in fields as diverse as the Internet, power grids and human societies. But current definition of robustness is only accounting for half of the story: the connectivity of the nodes unaffected by the attack. Here we propose a new framework to assess network robustness, wherein the connectivity of the affected nodes is also taken into consideration, acknowledging that it plays a crucial role in properly evaluating the overall network robustness in terms of its future recovery from the attack. Specifically, we propose a dual perspective approach wherein at any instant in the network evolution under attack, two distinct networks are defined: (i) the Active Network (AN) composed of the unaffected nodes and (ii) the Idle Network (IN) composed of the affected nodes. The proposed robustness metric considers both the efficiency of destroying the AN and that of building-up the IN. We show, via analysis of well-known prototype networks and real world data, that trade-offs between the efficiency of Active and Idle Network dynamics give rise to surprising robustness crossovers and re-rankings, which can have significant implications for decision making.