bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of entrepreneurial universities at creating surviving firms
Authors: Rodeiro-Pazos David , Rodríguez-Gulías María Jesús , Fernández-López Sara 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the survival of university spin-offs (USOs) in Spain. First, the survival rates of USOs are compared with those of a group of similar firms. Second, the firm-specific characteristics of surviving USOs are compared with those of failed USOs.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on two subsamples consisting of 469 USOs and 469 non-USOs. A matching procedure is used for identifying a valid control group that allows for an outcome comparison between USOs and non-USOs. A longitudinal data set (2000-2010) is constructed, combining data regarding firm-specific characteristics and patent activity. The survival rates of both USOs and non-USOs are described first, and then, the firm-specific characteristics of the surviving USOs are discussed and compared with those of the failed USOs.

Findings
The authors find that the survival rates of the USOs are slightly lower than those of the non-USOs. In addition, the failed USOs have a longer average life span than the failed non-USOs. Finally, the data show that the surviving USOs are more likely to have venture capital investors, exports and patents than the failed USOs.

Research limitations/implications
This study carries out an explanatory analysis of the survival of Spanish USOs. As the results showed no significant differences between the characteristics of the surviving USOs and those that failed, except for subtle differences in the profiles of the two groups, it is necessary to analyse the underlying causes of this situation.

Practical/implications
In many countries, large amounts of public funds have been invested in the creation of USOs. This policy only makes sense if these firms increase the business value and create jobs. The support of USOs with a low expectation of survival or economic viability opens a debate on the amount of public funds invested in these firms. In the current context, funding obtained by these companies could be considered to drain resources from those projects that really deserve to be targeted.

Originality/value
The creation of USOs has become a mainstay of universities’ entrepreneurship strategies. Analysing USOs’ survival is therefore crucial for understanding the contribution of entrepreneurial universities to society. Survival is not another measure of this performance, but it is a pre-condition for university-based entrepreneurship to have an effect on society.
Cambodian higher education in transition: an institutional governance perspective
Authors: Sam Chanphirun 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The paper aims to ascertain the governance arrangements of higher education providers in Cambodia and to seek insights into institutional governance while its higher education sector is in a significant transition towards the market model.

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical research underpinning this paper applies a qualitative method, based on an interpretivist approach to inquiry. The study uses semi-structured interviews with 38 key research participants from relevant institutions. The data analysis follows a thematic coding approach.

Findings
The study has found that despite their divergent governance arrangements, three forms of higher education providers – public institution, public administrative institution and private institution – have become increasingly similar because of their convergent trend towards commercialization and politicization. These two critical issues are considered threats to institutional development in Cambodia.

Research limitations/implications
The interviews were conducted with the key actors at leadership and management levels. This leaves room for future research to investigate the institutional governance issue at faculty and student levels to develop a deeper understanding about the on-the-ground implementation. This paper is a useful information source for policymakers, institutional leaders and educational practitioners.

Originality/value
This paper addresses the under-researched issue of institutional governance in Cambodia and critically examines the assumption that devolution and privatization of higher education in Cambodia will help advance the sector for economic development. The paper contributes to the ongoing academic debate in the higher education domain while higher education institutions are struggling to sustain their place in the competitive marketplace.
The problem of rapid tourism growth – an overview of the strategic question
Authors: Dioko Leonardo (Don) A.N. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this introductory paper is to provide a broad overview of the significance of this theme issue.

Design/methodology/approach
The introductory paper draws from macro data of tourism growth in various countries and highlights the rapid rate of tourism growth in many, especially developing countries. The paper ventures the possibility of an anti-tourism wave in many destinations as a result.

Findings
To prevent tourism from displacing and disrupting the lives of residents in many countries, as well as from diminishing the experience for many visitors, the rate with which tourism grows must be studied and managed.

Originality/value
The value of this paper is that it highlights the rate of tourism growth and not tourism growth per se as the critical factor in making tourism a positive or negative force for change in many communities.
Protecting the survival of local SMEs during rapid tourism growth: ongoing lessons from Macao
Authors: Cuervo Javier Calero , Cheong Ka U. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how rapid tourism growth in Macao affected local small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The liberalization of the gaming industry to multinational corporations (MNCs) in 2002 led to a sevenfold increase in foreign direct investments (FDI) in Macao.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey grounded in issues concerning how SMEs adapt to the effects of FDI in Macao was carried out by interviewing managers of local SMEs, MNCs and an SME association. Information from various published sources was also consulted to complement and update the analyses.

Findings
Findings revealed that the emergence of investments by MNCs in Macao brought favorable and unfavorable effects to local SMEs. Local SMEs were challenged in terms of recruiting and retaining human resources, given the attractive salaries and training offered by MNCs. Equally challenging for local SMEs was the effect of economic growth on the costs of property space in Macao’s small territory. However, local SMEs have advantages when collaborating with MNCs as the former serves as important partners in networking. Local SMEs can collaborate quicker with their network of local stakeholders which MNCs lack and need. The government and various stakeholders will need to continue their role in developing the capacities and capabilities of local SMEs.

Research limitations/implications
The research study has important public policy implications on structuring the foreign labor and property needs of local SMEs.

Originality/value
This paper provides insights on the challenges SMEs in small-open economies experience during rapid tourism growth fueled by MNCs, and some policy recommendations are proposed.
Mega infrastructure developments in Macao in light of increasing tourism and regional mobility
Authors: Ni Meng-Cheng 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to provide a general review of the massive infrastructures now being developed in Macao and its surrounding area from a transportation and mobility perspective. The purpose of the paper is to highlight how rapid growth in tourism and regional mobility can transform and integrate a small historic city like Macao as part of its larger neighbours. In so doing, the paper raises important questions about the cultural nature and identity of Macao.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper provides a geographic description of major projects and trends in regional mobility of residents and visitors in the study’s coverage area (the Pearl River Delta), drawing principally from several technical reports and studies in which the author took part.

Findings
The massive mega infrastructures now being developed in and around Macao provide better and closer integration with its neighbours and will likely enhance the efficiency of travel to and from the city. However, this may forever alter the nature of the city and its inhabitants.

Originality/value
The paper provides a critical exposé of infrastructure development associated with and spurred by rapid growth in tourism and regional mobility and raises questions of necessity and the long-term transformation such massive changes bring to tourist cities and its residents.
Back from the brink
Authors: Castillo-Palacio Marysol , Harrill Rich , Zuñiga-Collazos Alexander 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
Emerging from 20 years of violence and terrorism, the city of Medellin, Colombia, has used social transformation to improve civic culture, leading to a renaissance. The purpose of this study is to explore how social transformation can lead to urban transformation, forming the basis for sustainable, post-conflict tourism.

Design/methodology/approach
This case study is based on available descriptive data and direct observation supported by secondary sources.

Findings
The results of the research help to provide a better understanding of the conditions needed to develop and manage sustainable tourism in post-conflict environments. In so doing, it should be possible to make better policy decisions, with particular reference to social and urban interventions on planning, design and entrepreneurship.

Research limitations/implications
The transformation of Medellin’s civic culture can be a model for destination with similar histories that present significant destination image and branding challenges – though each will take different paths.

Originality/value
This paper is one of the first on post-conflict tourism that analyzes the impact on a destination and country of internal turmoil due to narco-terrorism and insurgency over a lengthy period.
Complications of transperineal template‐guided prostate biopsy: A single centre experience in 109 cases
Authors: Cronin Thomas , Neill Lorna , Nelson Johanne , Stewart Rachel , Sangster Philippa , Khoubehi Bijan 
Published: May 2017

AimThe aim of the current study was to present the complications for patients undergoing a template‐guided transperineal prostate biopsy (TPB) at a single centre.Patients and MethodsData from 109 consecutive patients undergoing TPB over a 1‐year period were analysed. TPB was performed as a day‐case procedure under general anaesthesia. At the time of induction, patients received a single dose of coamoxiclav as the prophylactic antibiotic. This is in contrast to transrectal ultrasound‐guided prostate biopsy, which frequently uses multiple antibiotics and for an extended period.ResultsThe mean age of the studied patients was 65 years, the mean prostate‐specific antigen value was 10.45 ng/L and the mean prostate volume was 61.5 mL. Eight patients (7.2 per cent) were identified as having experienced morbidity due to TPB. Three patients (2.8 per cent) developed urinary retention in the immediate postoperative period. Five patients (4.6 per cent) attended the emergency department at the institution with a presentation related to the procedure; one due to pain, one due to haematuria and three from urinary retention (despite having passed urine after the operation).ConclusionThere was a low incidence of complications following TPB at this institution. Specifically, there were no cases of infection related to the procedure. The most common morbidity resulting from TPB was urinary retention. Future research should be targeted towards investigating ways to minimize the risk of urinary retention following TPB.
Role of derivative colostomy in Fournier’s gangrene: Analysis of 46 cases
Authors: Planellas Giné Pere , Rodríguez‐Hermosa Jose Ignacio , Codony Bassols Clara , Marinello Franco , Salvador Roses Helena , Gil Garcia Júlia , Gómez Romeu Núria , Julià Bergkvist David , Farrés Coll Ramon , Codina‐Cazador Antonio 
Published: May 2017

AimFournier’s gangrene (FG) is a low‐incidence disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. The main objective of the present study was to analyse the impact of derivative colostomy (DC) on the course of FG. The secondary objective was to assess if DC recommendation should be immediate or delayed in the natural history of the disease, in order to reduce morbidity rates.Patients and MethodsA prospective cohort of patients presenting with FG and treated at a single centre from 1996 to 2015 was studied. Patients who underwent DC were compared to those who did not (no‐DC group). Patients included in the DC group were subdivided into those who underwent colostomy during the initial surgery (immediate colostomy) and those with delayed colostomy.ResultsForty‐six patients with FG were included. The DC group included 22 patients (48 per cent), and the no‐DC group included 24 patients (52 per cent). No differences were observed in hospital stay, the number of interventions or mortality rates. Patients with anorectal abscesses tended to undergo more derivative colostomies (55 per cent vs 8 per cent, P = 0.006). The subgroup with immediate colostomy had a higher mortality rate compared to the subgroup with deferred colostomy, although this was not statistically significant (37 per cent vs 14 per cent, P = 0.11).ConclusionDC in FG improves local disease control, but when performed during the initial surgery, it is associated with higher mortality.
Analytical Characterization of the Hydrolysis of Barley Malt Macromolecules During Enzymatic Degradation Over Time Using AF4/MALS/RI
Authors: Rübsam Heinrich , Becker Thomas , Gastl Martina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe changes on the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and particle size distribution (PSD) during hydrolysis of barley malt in isothermal mashing procedures were determined using asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation coupled to multiangle laser light scattering and refractive index (AF4/MALS/RI). Mash/trials were focused on amylolytic starch degradation. Therefore, temperatures (65, 70, and 75 °C) were selected according to α‐ and β‐amylases range of activity. Samples were produced by triplicate, tracking amylolytic processes over time periods from 10 to 90 min in each mash/trial. AF4/MALS/RI analysis demonstrated significant differences on the values of the MWD and PSD according to the temperature/time profile used. At mashing times over 30 min at a temperature of 65 °C, when α‐ and β‐amylase are both active, the decrease over time of the MWD and PSD was significantly higher (P < 0.005) than at 70 °C when mainly α‐amylase is active. At 75 °C, also the activity of α‐amylase decreased and the MWD and PSD were significantly lower (P < 0.005) than at 70 or 65 °C at any time of the procedure. The MWD and PSD of beer components influence beer palate fullness, thus AF4/ MALS/RI would be a powerful tool for breweries to adapt their technological processes to obtain beers with particular sensorial attributes.
Cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: safety and quality of life data from the Australian early access program
Authors: Parente Phillip , Ng Siobhan , Parnis Francis , Guminski Alex , Gurney Howard 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimCabazitaxel is a next generation taxane that has been shown to improve overall survival in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) whose disease progressed during or after docetaxel‐based therapy. A worldwide early access program (EAP) study was established to provide access to cabazitaxel ahead of commercial availability and to evaluate its safety and tolerability. The Australian EAP included patient‐reported outcomes to evaluate the impact of cabazitaxel on quality of life (QoL). The final safety and QoL results from the Australian EAP for cabazitaxel are reported.MethodsAustralian patients with mCRPC previously treated with a docetaxel‐containing regimen received cabazitaxel (25 mg/m2) every 3 weeks plus prednisone/prednisolone (10 mg daily) until disease progression, death, unacceptable toxicity, physician's decision or patient's refusal of further treatment. QoL data was collected using the AQoL‐8D questionnaire.Results104 patients from 18 Australian sites (median age at baseline, 70) enrolled in the EAP and completed at least one AQoL‐8D questionnaire. Patients received a median of 6 cycles of cabazitaxel. 67 patients (64.4%) experienced grade ≥3 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs); the most frequent TEAEs were neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, diarrhoea, and vomiting. QoL scores remained stable with increasing treatment cycles.ConclusionThe results suggest that the safety profile cabazitaxel is manageable in the Australian clinical practice setting and that QoL is maintained with little or no detrimental effect of cabazitaxel in patients continuing on treatment without disease progression.
Fix‐it Felix: advances in testing plant facilitation as a restoration tool
Authors: Lortie Christopher J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this issue of Applied Vegetation Science, Rydgren et al. explore net interactions to highlight the contemporary, yet rarely tested, perspectives on using plant facilitation as a restoration tool. An empirical test of restoration highlights the novel developments and supports fundamental ecology on the importance of context dependency, balanced assessments of interactions and the value of theory for applied research.
Subglacial sediment pathways and deglacial chronology of the northern Barents Sea Ice Sheet
Authors: Hogan Kelly A. , Dowdeswell Julian A. , Hillenbrand Claus‐Dieter , Ehrmann Werner , Noormets Riko , Wacker Lukas 
Published: May 2017

New information is presented on the configuration of the northern Barents Sea Ice Sheet (BSIS) during the last glacial and deglaciation (21–11.5 ka). The glacial dynamics of the BSIS that we discuss are based on clay‐mineral compositions of subglacial tills and a distinct kaolinite source in the central Barents Sea where previous workers have placed a large, single ice dome for the last glacial BSIS. Our results, which appear to show that subglacial sediments were sourced locally, suggest that the BSIS consisted at least temporarily of multiple domes and may have been more dynamic than previously thought. New radiocarbon dates are presented along with new ice‐extent reconstructions for 16.5–15, 14, 13.5 and 11.5 ka. Our reconstructions add information to previous regional and continental‐scale efforts in areas east of Svalbard. Ice retreat in the northern Barents Sea progressed as follows. (i) 19–16.5 ka. Major calving led to dynamic thinning in shelf troughs and was accompanied by significant ice‐sheet thinning inland as a result of ice drawdown. (ii) 16.5–15 ka. Rapid ice‐margin retreat of between 75–100 km occurred, via lift‐off and iceberg calving, in Hinlopen and Kvitøya troughs, as well as major retreat (>300 km) in Franz Victoria Trough (FVT) further east. (iii) 15–13.5 ka. Retreat progressed westwards from the FVT towards Svalbard with troughs east of Svalbard (Kvitøya, Olga, and Erik Eriksen) mostly ice‐free by 13.5 ka. (iv) 13.5–11.5 ka. Ice retreated gradually towards residual ice masses on Svalbard, Kong Karls Land and possibly Storbanken. Our data require a modification of earlier views of the BSIS because they point toward a more dynamic ice sheet and decay that, once initiated at the shelf break, was dominated by the withdrawal of ice from the FVT that progressed westwards towards the Svalbard archipelago.
Holocene lake sediments from the Faiyum Oasis in Egypt: a record of environmental and climate change
Authors: Marks Leszek , Salem Alaa , Welc Fabian , Nitychoruk Jerzy , Chen Zhongyuan , Blaauw Maarten , Zalat Abdelfattah , Majecka Aleksandra , Szymanek Marcin , Chodyka Marta , Tołoczko‐Pasek Anna , Sun Qianli , Zhao Xiaoshuang , Jiang Jun 
Published: May 2017

The Qarun Lake in the Faiyum Oasis (Egypt) provides a unique record of Holocene environmental and climate change in an arid area largely devoid of fossil proxy records. Multiple lithological, palaeontological and geochemical proxies and 32 radiocarbon dates from the 26‐m‐long coreFA‐1 provide a time series of the lake's transformation. Our results confirm that a permanent lake appeared in the Holocene atc. 10 cal. kaBP. The finely laminated lake sediments consist of diatomite, in which diatoms and ostracods together with lower concentrations of ions indicate a freshwater environment at the end of the early and middle Holocene. This freshwater supply was closely associated with regular inflows of the Nile water during flood seasons, when the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migrated northwards in Africa, although it has probably never reached the Faiyum Oasis. Local rainfall, possibly connected with a northern atmospheric circulation, may have been important during winter. Several phases in the lake's evolution are recognized, represented by oscillations between deep open freshwater conditions during more humid climate and shallow fresh to brackish water during drier episodes. After a long freshwater phase, the lake setting has become more brackish sincec. 6.2 cal. kaBPas indicated by diatoms and increasing contents of evaporite ions in the sediment. This clearly shows that since that time the lake has occasionally become partly desiccated. This is a result of reduced discharge of the Nile. In the late Holocene the lake was mostly brackish and then gradually turned into a saline lake. This natural process was interrupted about 2.3 cal. kaBPwhen a man‐made canal facilitated water inflow from the Nile. The examinedFA‐1 core can be used as a reference age model of climate change in the Holocene and its impact on the development and decline of ancient civilizations in northeastern Africa.
Untangling natural and anthropogenic multi‐element signatures in archaeological soils at the Ikirahak site, Arctic Canada
Authors: Butler Don H. , Dawson Peter C. 
Published: May 2017

Multi‐element archives housed within archaeological soils and sediments are useful for identifying ancient human activities invisible to routine methodologies. These records, however, are rarely studied in the Canadian Arctic. Contributing to this area of research, we address the fundamental issue of isolating natural and anthropogenic multi‐element signatures in archaeological soils from the region. We specifically investigated the element record in the soil system at the Ikirahak site, a Taltheilei hunter‐gatherer camp in southern Nunavut that was established roughly 2000 years ago. Ikirahak soils displayed high potential for the preservation of anthropogenic element additions. This owes to the fine textures, high cation adsorbance capacities and acidic pH levels of the local soils, as well as the absence of processes such as brunification and solifluction. Multi‐element characterization was accomplished using x‐ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma ‐ mass spectroscopy. Several locations with anomalous concentrations were pinpointed using enrichment factors. Natural and anthropogenic signals were untangled using categorical principal components analysis of a mixed quantitative/qualitative data set comprised of the element concentrations and contextual information such as the presence of specific archaeological materials, organic matter content, and vegetation communities. Results indicated that enrichments in CaO, P2O5, Ba, Fe2O3, MnO, Cu and Sc across the site relate to the disposal of burned refuse that was produced in pit‐house hearths. Concentrations of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs (alkali metals), Mg and Sr (alkaline earths), Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo and Hf (transition metals), Al, Ga and Pb (post‐transition metals), and La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu (rare earths) were linked to esker and lacustrine parent sediments.