bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjective Comfort and Physiology with Modern Contact Lens Care Products
Authors: Berntsen David A. , Hickson-Curran Sheila B. , Jones Lyndon W. , Mathew Jessica H. , Maldonado-Codina Carole , Morgan Philip B. , Schulze Marc M. , Nichols Jason J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To compare subjective comfort and ocular physiology with three multipurpose solutions (MPSs) to that of a peroxide-based system with three different soft contact lens materials.

Methods
Habitual soft contact lens wearers (n = 236) were enrolled at three sites and completed a washout period with no contact lens solution for ≥4 days. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three lens types: etafilcon A, galyfilcon A, or senofilcon A. A new lens of the assigned type was worn for 10 to 14 days each while using one of four care solutions, in random order (A—polyaminopropyl biguanide + polyquaternium, B—POLYQUAD + Aldox, C—alexidine + polyquaternium-1, and D—hydrogen peroxide) with a washout period (≥4 days) between each solution. After each care solution, biomicroscopy was performed and subjective comfort was assessed using the Contact Lens User Experience (CLUE) questionnaire and other instruments including comfortable wear time (CWT). Linear mixed models were used for analysis. Comfort and biomicroscopy signs with each MPS were compared to that of the peroxide solution.

Results
Subjective CLUE Comfort score across all lens types with each MPS was not significantly different than with the peroxide solution (p = 0.98). There were no differences in CWT between each MPS and the peroxide solution for any lens type (range of differences: −0.8 to 0.8 h; all p ≥ 0.13). Six MPS/material combinations had no clinically meaningful change in corneal staining versus peroxide (<0.5 units); three combinations could increase staining by up to 0.57 units. Staining was <grade 1 for all combinations.

Conclusions
Comparable levels of comfort were found between the latest generation of MPSs compared to peroxide disinfection. Three MPS/material combinations tested could result in increased corneal staining of up to 0.57 units versus a peroxide solution. Overall, these data suggest the care systems investigated are generally appropriate for use with the contact lenses tested.
Networks that Link Cytoskeletal Regulators and Diaphragm Proteins Underpin Filtration Function inDrosophilaNephrocytes
Authors: Muraleedharan Simi , Skaer Helen , Inamdar Maneesha S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInsect nephrocytes provide a valuable model for kidney disease, as they are structurally and functionally homologous to mammalian kidney podocytes. They possess an exceptional macromolecular assembly, the nephrocyte diaphragm (ND), which serves as a filtration barrier and helps maintain tissue homeostasis by filtering out wastes and toxic products. However, the nephrocyte architecture and elements that maintain the ND are not understood. We show thatDrosophilanephrocytes have a unique cytoplasmic cluster of F-actin, which is maintained by the microtubule cytoskeleton and Rho-GTPases. A balance of Racl and Cdc42 activity as well as proper microtubule organization is required for positioning the actin cluster. Further, ND proteins Sns and Duf also localize to this cluster and regulate organization of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Perturbation of any of these inter-dependent components impairs nephrocyte ultrafiltration. Thus cytoskeletal components, Rho-GTPases and ND proteins work in concert to maintain the specialized nephrocyte architecture and function.
A Logic Approach to Modeling Nomenclatural Change
Authors: Franz Nico M. , Zhang Chao , Lee Joohyung 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe utilize an Answer Set Programming (ASP) approach to show that the principles of nomenclature are tractable in computational logic. To this end we design a hypothetical, 20 nomenclatural taxon use case with starting conditions that embody several overarching principles of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; including Binomial Nomenclature, Priority, Coordination, Homonymy, Typification, and the structural requirement of Gender Agreement. The use case ending conditions are triggered by the reinterpretation of the diagnostic features of one of 12 type specimens anchoring the corresponding species-level names. Permutations of this child-to-parent reassignment action lead to 36 alternative scenarios, where each scenario requires 1-14 logically contingent nomenclatural emendations. We show that an ASP transition system approach can correctly infer the Code-mandated changes for each scenario, and visually output the ending conditions. The results provide a foundation for further developing logic-based nomenclatural change optimization and compliance verification services, which could be applied in globally coordinated nomenclatural registries. More generally, logic explorations of nomenclatural and taxonomic change scenarios provide a novel means of assessing design biases inherent in the principles of nomenclature, and thus may inform the design of future, big data-compatible identifier systems for systematic products that recognize and mitigate these constraints.
Unbiased whole-genome deep sequencing of human and porcine stool samples reveals circulation of multiple groups of rotaviruses and a putative zoonotic infection
Authors: Phan My VT , Hong Anh Pham , Van Cuong Nguyen , Oude Munnink Bas B. , van der Hoek Lia , Tran My Phuc , Ngo Tri Tue , Bryant Juliet E. , Baker Stephen , Thwaites Guy , Woolhouse Mark , Kellam Paul , Rabaa Maia A. , Cotten Matthew ,   on behalf of the VIZIONS Consortium
Published: June 2016

AbstractCoordinated and synchronous virological surveillance for zoonotic viruses in both human clinical cases and animal reservoirs provides an opportunity to identify interspecies virus movement. Rotavirus is an important cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans and animals. We have documented the rotavirus diversity within co-located humans and animals sampled from the Mekong delta region of Vietnam using a primer-independent, agnostic, deep sequencing approach. A total of 296 stool samples (146 from diarrhoeal human patients and 150 from pigs living in the same geographical region) were directly sequenced, generating the genomic sequences of 60 human rotaviruses (all group A) and 31 porcine rotaviruses (13 group A, 7 group B, 6 group C and 5 group H). Phylogenetic analyses showed the co-circulation of multiple distinct rotavirus group A (RVA) genotypes/strains, many of which were divergent from the strain components of licensed RVA vaccines, as well as considerable virus diversity in pigs including full genomes of rotaviruses in groups B, C and H, none of which have been previously reported in Vietnam. Furthermore the detection of an atypical RVA genotype constellation (G4-P[6]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T7-E1-H1) in a human patient and a pig from the same region provides some evidence for a zoonotic event
A robust role for motor cortex
Authors: Lopes Gonçalo , Nogueira Joana , Dimitriadis George , Menendez Jorge Aurelio , Paton Joseph J. , Kampff Adam R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe role of motor cortex in non-primate mammals remains unclear. More than a century of stimulation, anatomical and electrophysiological studies has implicated neural activity in this region with all kinds of movement. However, following the removal of motor cortex, rats retain most of their adaptive behaviours, including previously learned skilled movements. Here we revisit these two conflicting views of motor cortex and present a new behaviour assay, challenging animals to respond to unexpected situations while navigating a dynamic obstacle course. Surprisingly, rats with motor cortical lesions show clear impairments facing an unexpected collapse of the obstacles, while showing no impairment with repeated trials in many motor and cognitive metrics of performance. We propose a new role for motor cortex: extending the robustness of sub-cortical movement systems, specifically to unexpected situations demanding rapid motor responses adapted to environmental context. The implications of this idea for current and future research are discussed.
Precise Cas9 targeting enables genomic mutation prevention
Authors: Chavez Alejandro , Pruitt Benjamin W , Tuttle Marcelle , Shapiro Rebecca S , Cecchi Ryan J , Winston Jordan , Turczyk Brian M , Tung Michael , Collins James J , Church George M 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTHere we present a generalized method of guide RNA “tuning” that enables Cas9 to discriminate between two target sites that differ by a single nucleotide polymorphism. We employ our methodology to generate a novelin vivomutation prevention system in which Cas9 actively restricts the occurrence of undesired gain-of-function mutations within a population of engineered organisms. We further demonstrate that the system is scalable to a multitude of targets and that the general tuning and prevention concepts are portable across engineered Cas9 variants and Cas9 orthologs. Finally, we show that the designed mutation prevention system maintains robust activity even when placed within the complex environment of the mouse gastrointestinal tract.
GPR4 Deficiency Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Sanderlin Edward J. , Leffler Nancy R. , Lertpiriyapong Kvin , Cai Qi , Hong Heng , Bakthavatchalu Vasudevan , Fox James G. , Oswald Joani Zary , Justus Calvin R. , Krewson Elizabeth A. , O’Rourke Elizabeth A. , Yang Li V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGPR4 is a proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptor that can be activated by extracellular acidosis. It has recently been demonstrated that activation of GPR4 by acidosis increases the expression of numerous inflammatory and stress response genes in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and also augments EC-leukocyte adhesion. Inhibition of GPR4 by siRNA or small molecule inhibitors reduces endothelial cell inflammation. As acidotic tissue microenvironments exist in many types of inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we examined the role of GPR4 in IBD using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. We observed that GPR4 mRNA expression was increased in mouse and human IBD tissues when compared to control intestinal tissues. To determine the function of GPR4 in IBD, wild-type and GPR4-deficient mice were treated with 3% DSS for 7 days to induce acute colitis. Our results showed that the severity of colitis was decreased in GPR4-deficient DSS-treated mice in comparison to wild-type DSS-treated mice. Clinical parameters, macroscopic disease indicators, and histopathological features were less severe in the DSS-treated GPR4-deficient mice than the DSS-treated wild-type mice. Inflammatory gene expression, leukocyte infiltration, and isolated lymphoid follicle (ILF) formation were reduced in intestinal tissues of DSS-treated GPR4-null mice. Collectively, our results suggest GPR4 provides a pro-inflammatory role in IBD as the absence of GPR4 ameliorates intestinal inflammation in the acute DSS-induced IBD mouse model.
Returpack: the integrator of the beverage can recycling process
Authors: Moricz Peter , Drotos Gyorgy 
Published: June 2016

Subject area
Emerging markets, business models, information technology.

Study level/applicability
This case is designed for MBA groups or students from MSc in Management, International Business, Logistics, Information Systems or Environmental Management programs. It can be covered in courses on Strategy, Process Management, International Business, Process Management, Supply Chain Management and Managing Information Systems.

Case overview
Returpack is a Hungarian company dealing with reverse vending machines (RVMs) that collect aluminum beverage cans, even in crushed form, based on a worldwide technology innovation. All RVMs are online and monitored and managed remotely. RVMs are mainly “fed” by the poorest, often homeless people, who are still motivated by the extremely low (less than 1 euro cent for a can) incentive that comes from the selling of the aluminum waste to recycling smelters. Based on the success of the business model in Hungary, projects were planned in the USA, Austria, Romania, and Turkey in 2013. However, beyond economic, legal and cultural challenges, a dramatic decline in the global aluminum waste prices early in 2014 questioned the return on investment at these projects. Advancements in the material-recognition technologies at waste sorting plants raise further questions.

Expected learning outcomes
Evaluating the business model innovation in the case by combining the different approaches of the business model concept with the knowledge on the recycling industry, the crowdsourcing method and the Internet of Things. Based upon this, students may identify and evaluate options for implementing the business model in and adapting to new markets, also by simulating these changes in a formal (numerical) business model.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject codes
Strategy.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy
Determinants of feedback effectiveness in production planning
Authors: Letmathe Peter , Zielinski Marc 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The focus is the interplay of cognitive capabilities (mathematical understanding and heuristic problem solving) and learning from feedback. Furthermore, the authors analyze the role of individual factors in designing appropriate feedback systems for complex decision-making situations. Based on a learning model the purpose of this paper is to present an experimental study analyzing the feedback effectiveness in a repeated complex production planning task. Referring to individual characteristics in terms of educational background and problem solving capabilities of the decision maker the authors compare different forms of feedback systems.Design/methodology/approach– The authors performed four experiments bi-weekly based on a realistic production planning situation. Participants received – depending on the treatment – different types of feedback concerning the final outcomes of the production plans. For testing the hypotheses, the authors conducted ANCOVAs and additionalpost hoctests for each subgroup to explore the effects of different types of feedback on the subgroups’ decision-making performance.Findings– The authors show that feedback information is not always helpful, but due to acquired knowledge and problem solving capabilities can even be harmful. The authors also show that, depending on the decision maker’s individual characteristics and her past performance, the type of feedback is crucial for the learning process.Practical implications– The study provides important information about feedback design taking individual characteristics of decision makers (educational background, work experience) into account. Applying the results of the study can increase decision-making performance and enhance learning of production planning tasks.Originality/value– The findings extend previous literature reporting that the performance in complex decision-making tasks depends on educational background and on the ability to cope with the phenomena of cognitive load, working memory limitations and the capability to utilize relevant heuristics to prevent information overload. Some of our results, e.g., the negative impact of non-financial feedback of high-performing economists, contradict the general findings in the literature.
Effect of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles as an additive on the extreme pressure properties of engine oil
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Ilman Hakimi Chua , Abdollah Mohd Fadzli Bin , Tamaldin Noreffendy , Amiruddin Hilmi , Mat Nuri Nur Rashid 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the effect of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoparticles on extreme pressure (EP) properties when used as an additive in lubricating oil.

Design/methodology/approach
The nano-oil was prepared by dispersing an optimal composition of 0.5 vol. per cent of 70 nm hBN in SAE 15W-40 diesel engine oil using a sonication technique. The tribological testing was performed using a four-ball tribometer according to the ASTM standard.

Findings
It was found that the nano-oil has a potential to decelerate the seizure point on the contact surfaces, where higher EP can be obtained. More adhesive wear was observed on the worn surfaces of ball bearing lubricated with SAE 15W-40 diesel engine oil as compared with the nano-oil lubrication.

Originality/value
The results of the experimental studies demonstrated the potential of hBN as an additive for improving the load-carrying ability of lubricating oil.
Control on wear of journal bearing operating in mixed lubrication regime using grooving arrangements
Authors: K.P. Lijesh , S.M. Muzakkir , Hirani Harish , Thakre Gananath Doulat 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The journal bearings subjected to heavy load and slow speed operate in mixed lubrication regime causing contact between the interacting surfaces and resulting in wear. Complexity of wear behavior and lack of unifying theory/model make wear-control very challenging.

Design/methodology/approach
In the present research work, theoretical and experimental investigations have been conducted to explore the effect of grooving arrangements on the wear behavior of journal bearing operating in mixed lubrication regime. The theoretical model of Hirani (2005) that uses mass conserving cavitation algorithm has been used to determine the bearing eccentricity for different groove arrangements (with varying groove location and extent) for identifying a groove arrangement that minimizes the wear. The wear tests on the grooved bearings were conducted after suitable running-in of the new bearings on a fully automated journal bearing test set-up. A load and speed combination required to operate the bearing in mixed lubrication was used. The performance of different arrangement of bearing was evaluated by measuring their weight loss after the test.

Findings
Wear was significantly reduced with the use of proper groove arrangement for a bearing operating in mixed lubrication regime.

Originality/value
The improvement in bearing performance by providing grooves has been the subject matter of several studies in the past, but these studies were confined to the hydrodynamic operative regime of the bearing. In the present work, seven different combinations of axial and radial groove arrangement were tried, which has not been reported in any other work.
Optimization of the oil drain interval of non-phosphorus and non-ash engine oil
Authors: Yüksek Levent 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) is the most common anti-wear and anti-oxidant additive. ZDDP is the primary origin of zinc, sulfur and phosphorus, which are well-known poisonous elements for commercial after-treatment systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the optimum oil drain interval of non-phosphorus and non-ash (NPNA) engine oil that was developed as a prospective alternative to commercial phosphorus-containing (PC) engine lubricants.

Design/methodology/approach
The results of a fleet test wear debris analysis were used to optimize the oil drain intervals from the perspective of cost.

Findings
Drain intervals of 32,000 and 28,000 km were computed as the optimum values for NPNA and PC engine oils, respectively. Extending the oil drain intervals up to the obtained mileage may go to a total saving of €43,045,084.2 for PC engine oil and €49,253,998.6 for NPNA engine oil with respect to the total sales figures of test vehicles in Turkey.

Originality/value
Maximizing the lubricant life has environmental benefits and is the easiest way to reduce the maintenance cost of a vehicle. The protection of after-treatment systems against lubricant-induced poisoning is a great challenge. The most important result of this investigation is the lower operation costs of catalyst-friendly lubricants in spite of their low anti-wear additive performance.
Examining teacher inquiry in the context of new technology integration
Authors: Jones Anne 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore how a district initiative became a process for developing and enhancing teachers’ inquiry knowledge and practices. It captures and examines the process of classroom research and describes it, and the resultant learning, in the context of teachers’ classroom technology implementation and the inquiry process around that implementation.Design/methodology/approach– In this phenomenological case study I engaged teachers in conversations and surveyed them about why they made inquiry decisions.Findings– Being part of a network of peers was an essential aspect of this project and played a central role in individuals’ knowledge construction processes. It was clear while the teacher-grantees had an intellectual understanding about qualitative data, they clearly did not conceptualize qualitative data as data in the same way they understand quantitative data.Practical implications– The current culture around data in schools adds to this misunderstanding and distrust. The current focus on standardized testing and pre-and post-test assessments of students to place them on intervention scales or assess yearly progress leads teachers to believe that data only consist only of numerical evidence that they scale and compare to other numerical evidences. While overall the why of teacher-grantees’ choices during the inquiry cycle are individualized, the results of this study demonstrate the strong influence of school culture on teacher decision making.Originality/value– I anticipate this knowledge about “why” can inform other teachers, administrators, and researchers interested in the experience of engaging in technology innovation programs as well as enhance understanding of what exactly individual teachers learn by doing research, how that learning takes place, and why teachers make particular choices during the action research process.
Detecting uncertainty, predicting outcome for first year students
Authors: Sanders Lalage Dorothy , Mair Carolyn , James Rachael 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of two psychometric measures as predictors of end of year outcome for first year university students.Design/methodology/approach– New undergraduates (n=537) were recruited in two contrasting universities: one arts based, and one science, in different cities in the UK. At the start of the academic year, new undergraduates across 30 programmes in the two institutions were invited to complete a survey comprising two psychometric measures: Academic Behavioural Confidence scale and the Performance Expectation Ladder. Outcome data were collected from the examining boards the following summer distinguishing those who were able to progress to the next year of study without further assessment from those who were not.Findings– Two of the four Confidence subscales, Attendance and Studying, had significantly lower scores amongst students who were not able to progress the following June compared to those who did (p< 0.003). The Ladder data showed the less successful group to anticipate a poorer performance at graduation relative to their year group than did the other group (p< 0.05).Originality/value– The results suggest that these two psychometric measures could be instrumental in predicting those at risk of non-completion; such identification could enable the targeted use of limited resources to improve retention. Given the background of limited resources in which institutions are exhorted to improve retention rates, this approach, facilitating the early identification of those at risk of non-completion, could enable focused use of additional support to reduce attrition.