bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective effect of nebivolol against cisplatin‐associated depressive‐like behavior in rats
Authors: Abdelkader Noha F. , Saad Muhammed A. , Abdelsalam Rania M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOne‐third of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment often display symptoms of depression leading to poor adherence and decreased quality of life. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of nebivolol against cisplatin‐associated depressive symptoms in adult male rats. Nebivolol is a highly cardioselective β‐adrenergic receptor blocker that possesses endothelium‐dependent vasodilator properties and antioxidant capacities. Animals were allocated into four groups. Group one was given aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and served as control, group two was given nebivolol (10 mg/kg p.o., daily), group three was given cisplatin (2 mg/kg i.p. once per week) for 10 consecutive weeks and group four was treated with cisplatin concomitantly with nebivolol as per above schedule. Cisplatin‐treated rats showed an increase in both depressive‐like behaviors in open‐field and forced swimming tests. In addition, histopathological examination revealed cortical encephalomalacia along with hippocampal neuronal degeneration and kidney dysfunction. In parallel, cisplatin administration prominently reduced GABA and elevated glutamate levels in the cortical and hippocampal tissues. Furthermore, it resulted in a significant decline in cortical and hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and nitric oxide contents concomitantly with a marked decrease in endothelial‐ and an increase in inducible‐nitric oxide synthase genes expression. On the other hand, treatment with nebivolol effectively mitigated the aforementioned cisplatin‐associated behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological alterations without changing its antitumor activity as evidenced by sulforhodamine B cell survival assay. Taken together, our results suggest that nebivolol may offer a promising approach for alleviating depressive symptoms associated with the use of cisplatin.
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Comprehensive Care Model for Sex Trafficking Survivors
Authors: Twigg Naomi M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify aftercare services for domestic minor of sex trafficking (DMST) survivors provided by U.S. residential treatment centers.DesignA qualitative research study was conducted with aftercare program personnel from five U.S. residential treatment centers for DMST survivors.MethodsInterviews were conducted with staff from five different residential treatment centers providing services exclusively to domestic minor sex trafficking survivors.FindingsParticipants described the range of services offered to address survivors’ posttrafficking needs. Participants’ responses assisted in expanding an existing care model to include education re‐entry, family reunification, family reconciliation, and emergency substance use services.ConclusionsThis study led to the refinement of an aftercare service delivery model and laid the foundation to develop best practice guidelines for providing aftercare services to DMST survivors.Clinical RelevanceSex trafficking is a global health problem affecting our youth today. Nurses have a vital role in combatting sex trafficking by raising awareness about the problem and restoring the lives of sex trafficking victims by implementing innovative care programs.
Melatonin restores hippocampal neural precursor cell proliferation and prevents cognitive deficits induced by jet lag simulation in adult mice
Authors: Iggena Deetje , Winter York , Steiner Barbara 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFrequent flyers and shift workers undergo circadian dysrhythmia with adverse impact on body and mind. The circadian rhythm disorder “jet lag” disturbs hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial cognition, which represent morphological and functional adult brain plasticity. This raises the question if pro‐neurogenic stimuli might prevent those consequences. However, suitable measures to mitigate jet lag‐induced adverse effects on brain plasticity have been neglected so far. Here, we used adult C57Bl6 mice to investigate the pro‐neurogenic stimuli melatonin (8 mg/kg i.p.) as well as environmental enrichment as potential measures. We applied photoperiod alterations to simulate “jet lag” by shortening the dark period every third day by 6 hours for 3 weeks. We found that “jet lag” simulation reduced hippocampal neural precursor cell proliferation by 24% and impaired spatial memory performance in the water maze indicated by a prolonged swim path to the target (~23%). While melatonin prevented both the cellular (~1%) as well as the cognitive deficits (~5%), environmental enrichment only preserved precursor cell proliferation (~12%). Our results indicate that lifestyle interventions are insufficient to completely compensate jet lag‐induced consequences. Instead, melatonin is required to prevent cognitive impairment caused by the same environmental factors to which frequent flyers and shift workers are typically exposed to.
Recruitment of bone marrow‐derived cells to the periodontal ligament via the stromal cell‐derived factor‐1/C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 axis
Authors: Kaku M. , Kitami M. , Rosales Rocabado J. M. , Ida T. , Akiba Y. , Uoshima K. 
Published: February 2017

Background/ObjectivesThe periodontal ligament (PDL) is a non‐mineralized connective tissue that exists between the alveolar bone and root surface cementum and plays important roles in tooth function. The PDL harbors a remarkable reserve of multipotent stem cells, which maintain various types of cells. However, the sources of these stem cells, other than their developmental origin, are not well understood.Material and MethodsTo elucidate the recruitment of bone marrow (BM)‐derived stem cells in the PDL, green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐expressing BM‐derived cells were transplanted into the femoral BM of immunodeficient rats, and the distribution and expression of stem cell markers in the PDL were analyzed in vivo. To evaluate the functional significance of BM‐derived cells to the PDL, tooth replantation was performed and the expression of stromal cell‐derived factor (SDF)‐1, a critical chemotactic signal for mesenchymal stem cell recruitment, was analyzed. To confirm the SDF‐1‐dependency of BM‐derived cell migration to the PDL, PDL‐conditioned medium (CM) was prepared, and BM‐derived cell migration was analyzed using a transwell culture system.ResultsFour weeks after cell transplantation, GFP‐positive cells were detected in the PDL, and some of them were also positive for stem cell markers (i.e., CD29, SSEA4, and αSMA). Seven days after tooth replantation, the number of GFP‐ and SDF‐1‐positive cells significantly increased in PDL. Concurrently, the concentration of SDF‐1 and the number of colony‐forming units of fibroblasts in peripheral blood were increased. BM‐derived cell migration increased in PDL‐CM and was inhibited by an inhibitor of C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), an SDF‐1 receptor.ConclusionThese results indicate that stem cells and their progeny in PDL are not only derived from their developmental origin but are also supplied from the BM via the blood as the need arises. Moreover, this BM‐derived cell recruitment appears to be regulated, at least partially, by the SDF‐1/CXCR4 axis.
Dietary supplementation with low‐dose omega‐3 fatty acids reduces salivary tumor necrosis factor‐α levels in patients with chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical study
Authors: Keskiner I. , Saygun I. , Bal V. , Serdar M. , Kantarci A. 
Published: February 2017

Background and ObjectiveRecent studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on physiological processes and on a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontal diseases. In this study, we evaluated the impact of omega‐3 PUFAs in conjunction with scaling and root planing (SRP) on salivary markers in patients with chronic periodontitis.Material and MethodsThirty systemically healthy subjects with chronic periodontitis were enrolled and randomly allocated into two groups. The control group (n = 15) was treated with SRP + placebo whereas the test group was treated with SRP and dietary supplementation of low‐dose omega‐3 PUFAs (6.25 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 19.19 mg docosahexaenoic acid). Clinical parameters were taken at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 mo following therapy. Saliva samples were obtained at the same time intervals and analyzed for tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).ResultsBoth groups showed significant changes in clinical parameters in response to treatment compared to baseline with no significant difference between groups. Salivary TNF‐α levels showed a statistically significant decrease in the test group at 6 mo compared to the control group. Salivary SOD levels increased significantly at 3 and 6 mo in the test group and at 6 mo in placebo groups compared to baseline with no statistically significant differences between the groups.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that dietary supplementation with low‐dose omega‐3 PUFAs improves salivary TNF‐α without any significant impact on clinical parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis, suggesting that the systemic benefits of dietary omega‐3 PUFAs may not be translated to periodontal health. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02719587)
“To Move the Spirits of the Beholder to Admiration”: Lively Passionate Performance on the Early Modern Stage
Authors: Holmes Jonathan H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article examines the meaning of terms such as “lively” and “to the life” in early modern plays and in commentary on dramatic performance. Scholars have tended to interpret these terms as praise for a naturalistic acting style, one that values actors' realistic portrayals of their characters. Conversely, this article argues that liveliness meantenergeia, an Aristotelian term for the aspect of language that moves an audience. Early modern poets and playwrights frequently expressed a strong desire to move their audiences, and the playwright Thomas Heywood claimed that drama was particularly well suited to achieve that goal. By attending to new research on Renaissance emotion, the article considers how a revised understanding of the passions should affect our understanding of dramatic performance. It goes on to demonstrate that liveliness required excessive passion, and though a performance could go too far and, as Hamlet says, “tear a passion to tatters,” the calibration of passion required of actors encouraged excess nonetheless. Not all acting was excessive because not all acting was lively, and it was possible for a performance to become too passionate. But acting was frequently praised as lively, and lively performance required an excess of passion that was considered unnatural.
Management of hepatic angiomyolipoma: A systematic review
Authors: Klompenhouwer Anne J. , Verver Danielle , Janki Shiromani , Bramer Wichor M. , Doukas Michail , Dwarkasing Roy S. , de Man Robert A. , IJzermans Jan N. M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHepatic Angiomyolipoma (HAML) is a rare mesenchymal liver tumour assumed to be predominantly benign, although incidental cases with malignant behaviour such as invasive growth, recurrence after resection and metastases have been reported. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the biological behaviour, estimate the risk of HAML related mortality and recommend on a justifiable management strategy. We performed a systematic literature search in Embase, Medline, Web‐of‐Science, Scopus, Pubmed Publisher, Cochrane and Google Scholar. We included all articles published from inception until March 2016 which reported on follow‐up of various treatment strategies. We included 18 articles reporting on 292 patients. Male:female ratio was estimated at 1:3 with gender not reported in 31 cases. Of 292 patients 247 were treated with surgery, including one liver transplant, seven with chemotherapy or Sirolimus, three with embolization, and 35 conservatively. Recurrence after resection was described in 6/247 (2.4%) with pathologically proven HAML resulting in metastases and death in 2/247 (mortality rate 0.8%). Progression was described in 6/35 patients treated conservatively (21.4%). Two of 12 patients with malignant behaviour of HAML had an epithelioid‐type HAML, of the remaining 10 histological subtype was undefined. With a risk estimate of 0.8% in surgically treated patients HAML related mortality is very low. Biopsy is indicated when imaging is inconclusive. In case of certain HAML diagnosis on imaging conservative management with annual imaging is justified. Resection should be considered in case of symptoms, inconclusive biopsy or growth in follow‐up.
Do maternal perceptions of child eating and feeding help to explain the disconnect between reported and observed feeding practices?: A follow‐up study
Authors: Bergmeier Heidi J. , Skouteris Helen , Hetherington Marion M. , Rodgers Rachel F. , Campbell Karen J. , Cox Rachael 
Published: February 2017

AbstractResearch demonstrates a mismatch between reported and observed maternal feeding practices. This mismatch may be explained by maternal cognitions, attitudes, and motivations relating to dyadic parent–child feeding interactions. These complex constructs may not be apparent during observations nor evidenced in self‐report questionnaire. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use a qualitative approach to gain a more nuanced and contextualized understanding of (a) maternal perceptions of children's food intake control; (b) how parent–child mealtime interactions influence maternal feeding practices; and (c) ways in which mothers may promote healthy child eating and weight outcomes. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 23 mothers (M = 38.4 ± 3.7 years of age) of preschool‐aged children (M = 3.8 ± 0.6 years of age, 19 were normal weight, 14 were girls), who had previously completed child feeding questionnaire and participated in two home‐based mealtime observations, 12 months apart. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and themes extracted to create the database. Four major themes emerged: (a) Maternal confidence in children's ability to regulate food intake is variable; (b) Implementing strategies for nurturing healthy relationships with food beyond the dining table; (c) Fostering positive mealtime interactions is valued above the content of what children eat; and (d) Situation‐specific practices and inconsistencies. Findings indicate that maternal feeding practices are shaped by both parent and child influences, and child feeding is mostly guided by controlling the family food environment, rather than by directly pressuring or restricting their child's eating. Results also highlighted the need for research to consider both parent and child influences on child feeding.
Suspected atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome in two post‐partum patients with foetal‐death in utero responding to eculizumab
Authors: Chua Justin , Paizis Kathy , He Simon Z. , Mount Peter 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundAtypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare condition with the triad of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney injury. Other conditions that present in a similar manner peri‐partum include thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura, and pregnancy associated conditions including HELLP syndrome (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets), severe pre‐eclampsia and less commonly acute fatty liver of pregnancy.Case ReportsWe describe two cases of suspected aHUS, who presented post‐partum with foetal death‐in‐utero at 33 and 37 weeks respectively. Both presented with the triad features of aHUS but had considerably different clinical courses. The first case required a prolonged ICU admission, needed intubation for neurological deterioration and dialysis for acute kidney injury, and developed complications including acute liver failure, septic shock, pancreatitis, and ischaemic colitis. Initial ADAMSTS13 activity was borderline‐low (10.3%) and normal on repeat testing (42.6%), and there was no peri‐partum pre‐eclampsia. The other case remained clinically stable throughout her admission with creatinine peaking at 495, not requiring dialysis, minor liver transaminases derangement and was discharged after a week. Her ADAMSTS13 activity was normal (62%), and her pregnancy was complicated by peri‐partum pre‐eclampsia. Both eventually had a reduction in haemolysis with rapid and sustained reduction in LDH and normalised platelet counts, and complete recovery of renal function whilst receiving eculizumab therapy.ConclusionsIt can be difficult to distinguish aHUS from other causes in peri‐partum patients presenting with features of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney injury, and often, aHUS can be precipitated by pregnancy. In the setting of the clinical urgency to treat aHUS early with eculizumab, this presents a diagnostic challenge, as confirmatory tests for aHUS are not immediately available.
De novo thrombotic microangiopathy following simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation managed with eculizumab
Authors: Shochet Lani , Kanellis John , Simpson Ian , Ta Joseph , Mulley William 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a well‐recognised complication following transplantation, often due to an underlying genetic predisposition, medications or rejection. The use of eculizumab in these settings has been previously described, but its role still remains to be clarified.A 45‐year‐old man, with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus and subsequent end‐stage kidney failure, presented for a simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplant. Immunologically, he was well matched with the donor, and he received standard induction immunosuppression including tacrolimus. His early transplant course was complicated by Haemophilus parainfluenzae paronychia and a Pseudomonas aeruginosa catheter‐associated urinary tract infection. Within 1 week, he developed thrombotic microangiopathy with significant renal dysfunction and eventual dialysis dependence, without evidence of transplant rejection on biopsy. He was also noted to have antiphospholipid antibodies in moderate titres. The TMA did not resolve despite cessation of tacrolimus, and he was subsequently commenced on eculizumab. The patient achieved a partial remission from TMA, with ongoing biochemical evidence of haemolysis, although now with stable graft function, despite significant damage. His transplanted pancreas remained seemingly unaffected by TMA, and continues to function well.This case describes an unusual presentation of TMA post‐transplantation and is the only described case of eculizumab use following pancreas‐kidney transplant. It remains unclear in this case what the likely precipitant for TMA was, although it seems to be, at least in part, controlled by ongoing use of eculizumab, presumably by terminal complement inhibition.
Ethnic Fractionalization, Governance and Loan Defaults in Africa
Authors: Andrianova Svetlana , Baltagi Badi H. , Demetriades Panicos , Fielding David 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present a theoretical model of an imperfectly competitive loans market that is suitable for emerging economies in Africa. The model allows for variation in both the level of contract enforcement (the quality of governance) and the degree of market segmentation (the level of ethnic fractionalization). The model predicts a specific form of nonlinearity in the effects of these variables on loan default. Empirical analysis using African panel data for 110 individual banks in 28 countries over 2000–08 provides strong evidence for these predictions. Our results have important implications for the conditions under which policy reform will enhance financial development.
Electroencephalographic discontinuity during sevoflurane anesthesia in infants and children
Authors: Cornelissen Laura , Bergin Ann M. , Lobo Kimberly , Donado Carolina , Soul Janet S. , Berde Charles B. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundDeep anesthesia in adults may be associated with electroencephalographic (EEG) suppression and higher rates of postoperative complications. Little is known about the impact of anesthetic depth on short‐ or long‐term outcomes in pediatrics. Brain activity monitoring may complement clinical signs of anesthetic depth. This prospective observational study aimed to assess the frequency and degree of profound EEG suppression using multichannel EEG in children during sevoflurane general anesthesia.MethodsChildren aged 0–40 months who required general anesthesia for elective surgery were included. Continuous EEG recordings were performed starting from when anesthesia began and until recovery. Discontinuity was defined as EEG amplitude <25 uV, lasting ≥2 s, and observed in all electrodes across the scalp. Frequency, duration, and inter‐event interval of discontinuity events were measured. Relationships between discontinuity events and postnatal age, endtidal sevoflurane concentration (etSEVO), and multiple clinical parameters were analyzed.ResultsDiscontinuity events were observed in 35/68 children, with a median duration of 10 s (95%CI: 8–12) and a median of 4 events per patient (95%CI: 2–7). Children who had discontinuity events were younger (5.5 months, 95%CI: 3.6–6.5) compared to children who did not have discontinuity events (10.2 months, 95%CI: 6.1–14); (difference between medians, 4.7 months, 95%CI: 2.3–8, P = 0.0002). Younger infants exhibited a higher number of discontinuity events, and the incidence decreased with postnatal age (r68 = −0.53, P < 0.0001). The majority of discontinuity events were observed during the first 30 min of anesthesia (66.4% total events), where etSEVO was >3%. Few discontinuity events were observed during maintenance and none during emergence. Blood pressure, heart rate, tissue oxygen saturation, and endtidal CO2 partial pressure did not change during these events.ConclusionsElectroencephalographic monitoring may complement clinical signs in providing information about brain homeostasis during general anesthesia. The impact of discontinuity events on immediate and long‐term outcomes merits further study.