bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chirality – Beyond the Structural Effects
Authors: Naaman Ron 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUsually, when one refers to chirality, one focuses on the structural properties of the molecules. This review focuses on the interesting electronic properties of these molecules, and specifically, on the interrelation between the spin of the electrons transmitted through molecules and the chiral structure of these molecules. This relation is expressed in the chiral‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, which is described, including some of its implications. Specifically, several applications are described, in spintronics, in spin‐specific reactivity, and in spin‐controlled multiple‐electron oxidation processes. In the latter, experimental results are described that demonstrate that by coating the anode of a photoelectrochemical cell with chiral molecules, the overpotential of the water‐splitting process can be reduced.
Internet‐Based Psychotherapy for Adult Depression: What About the Mechanisms of Change?
Authors: Mogoașe Cristina , Cobeanu Oana , David Oana , Giosan Cezar , Szentagotai Aurora 
Published: September 2016

IntroductionInternet‐based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression (iCBT) has been advanced as a valuable alternative treatment option, generating promising results. However, little is known about its underlying mechanisms of change.ObjectiveWe aimed to provide an overview of the state of the art regarding the mechanisms of iCBT for adult depression, in the context of iCBT efficacy.MethodWe conducted a systematic qualitative review of 37 randomized clinical trials, assessed the risk of bias in the included studies, and used a systematic evaluative framework to establish the scientific status of iCBT, based on evidence regarding clinical efficacy and mechanisms of change.ResultsFindings indicated that iCBT mechanisms of change are clearly underinvestigated, although iCBT is relatively efficacious, at least in the short term. The quality of iCBT randomized clinical trials proved to be suboptimal.ConclusionsThe iCBT theory should be clearly specified and adequately investigated to design and implement highly efficacious therapeutic packages. Without considering the iCBT mechanisms of change along with iCBT efficacy, the extent to which iCBT is an empirically validated treatment remains questionable.
Mapping the Social Impacts of ‘Damocles Projects’: The Case of Thailand's (as yet Unbuilt) Kaeng Suea Ten Dam
Authors: Kirchherr Julian , Pomun Teerapong , Walton Matthew J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAbstract: Academic research on dams' social impacts traditionally focuses on ex‐post resettlement impacts. We explore a specific subset of ex‐ante resettlement impacts in this paper: ‘Damocles projects’, whose implementation is still uncertain. Our case study is Thailand's Kaeng Suea Ten Dam whose implementation has been uncertain for 36 years. We find the cultural life of the communities studied has been significantly shaped by the looming construction of the dam. Furthermore, most villagers report extreme anxiety induced by the threat of the project. As a consequence, many have postponed private investments. The government has also withheld public infrastructure investments, further hampering the villages' economic development. Our research highlights the negative impacts induced by projects whose implementation is still uncertain. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards a rational design of solid drug nanoparticles with optimised pharmacological properties
Authors: Siccardi Marco , Martin Phillip , Smith Darren , Curley Paul , McDonald Tom , Giardiello Marco , Liptrott Neill , Rannard Steve , Owen Andrew 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSolid drug nanoparticles (SDNs) are a nanotechnology with favourable characteristics to enhance drug delivery and improve the treatment of several diseases, showing benefit for improved oral bioavailability and injectable long‐acting medicines. The physicochemical properties and composition of nanoformulations can influence the absorption, distribution, and elimination of nanoparticles; consequently, the development of nanoparticles for drug delivery should consider the potential role of nanoparticle characteristics in the definition of pharmacokinetics. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological behaviour of efavirenz SDNs and the identification of optimal nanoparticle properties and composition. Seventy‐seven efavirenz SDNs were included in the analysis. Cellular accumulation was evaluated in HepG2 (hepatic) and Caco‐2 (intestinal), CEM (lymphocyte), THP1 (monocyte), and A‐THP1 (macrophage) cell lines. Apparent intestinal permeability (Papp) was measured using a monolayer of Caco‐2 cells. The Papp values were used to evaluate the potential benefit on pharmacokinetics using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. The generated SDNs had an enhanced intestinal permeability and accumulation in different cell lines compared to the traditional formulation of efavirenz. Nanoparticle size and excipient choice influenced efavirenz apparent permeability and cellular accumulation, and this appeared to be cell line dependent. These findings represent a valuable platform for the design of SDNs, giving an empirical background for the selection of optimal nanoparticle characteristics and composition. Understanding how nanoparticle components and physicochemical properties influence pharmacological patterns will enable the rational design of SDNs with desirable pharmacokinetics.
Effects of soil flooding and organic matter addition on plant accessible phosphorus in a tropical paddy soil: an isotope dilution study
Authors: Rakotoson Tovohery , Rabeharisoa Lilia , Smolders Erik 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPlant growth experiments were conducted to reveal the mechanism by which organic matter (OM) and soil flooding enhance phosphorus (P) bioavailability for rice. It was postulated that reductive dissolution of iron‐(III) [Fe(III)] oxyhydroxides in soil releases occluded phosphate ions (PO4), i.e., PO4 that is not isotopically exchangeable in the original soil prior to flooding. Rice was grown in P‐deficient soil treated with factorial combinations of addition of mineral P (0, 50 mg P kg−1), OM (0, ≈ 20.5 g OM kg−1 as cattle manure +/– rice straw) and water treatments (flooded vs. non‐flooded). The OM was either freshly added just before flooding or incubated moist in soil for 6 months prior to flooding; nitrogen and potassium were added in all treatments. The soil exchangeable P was labeled with 33PO4 prior to flooding. The plant accessible P in soil, the so‐called L‐value, was determined from the 33P/31P ratio in the plants. The L‐values were inconsistently affected by flooding in contrast with the starting hypothesis. The OM and P addition to soil clearly increased the L‐value and, surprisingly, the increase due to OM application was larger than the total P addition to soil. An additional isotope exchange study in a soil extract (E‐value) at the end of the experiment showed that the E‐value increased less than the total P addition with OM. This suggests that plants preferentially take up unlabeled P from the OM in the rhizosphere compared to labeled labile inorganic P.The effects of soil flooding on P bioavailability is unlikely related to an increase of the quantity of bio‐accessible P in soil (L‐value) but is likely explained by differences in P mobility in soil.
Nitrogen nutritional status of young maize plants (Zea mays) is not limited by NaCl stress
Authors: Hütsch Birgit W. , He Wenting , Schubert Sven 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMaize plants (Zea mays L. cv. Pioneer 3906) were grown in hydroponics with four different NaCl treatments (control, 50, 100, 150 mM NaCl). Nitrogen (N) was supplied as 2 mM Ca(NO3)2 in the fully concentrated nutrient solution. Plants of half of the pots were treated with additional 1 mM NH4NO3 2 d after start of the NaCl application. After 23 d, the maize plants were harvested and contents and concentrations of nitrate, reduced N as well as chloride were determined in shoots and roots. With increasing NaCl stress net nitrate uptake and net root‐to‐shoot translocation of total N decreased significantly. Under salt stress, decreased nitrate concentrations in shoots probably caused substrate limitation of nitrate reductase. However, the concentrations of reduced N in shoots were not affected by salt stress and no N deficiency was observed. Additional N application to the 100 and 150 mM NaCl treatments did not improve plant growth. A Cl−/NO
$ _3^ - $ antagonism was only weakly pronounced, probably because of the Cl− exclusion ability of maize. Thus, although net uptake and net translocation of total N were markedly decreased by NaCl application, the smaller maize plants nevertheless took up enough N to meet their demand pointing to other growth‐limiting factors than N nutrition.
The prognosis of liver resection for patients with four or more colorectal liver metastases has not improved in the era of modern chemotherapy
Authors: Hokuto Daisuke , Nomi Takeo , Yamato Ichiro , Yasuda Satoshi , Obara Shinsaku , Yoshikawa Takahiro , Kawaguchi Chihiro , Yamada Takatsugu , Kanehiro Hiromichi , Nakajima Yoshiyuki 
Published: September 2016

Background and ObjectivesThe impact of perioperative chemotherapy on patients with multiple colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) remains unclear. We attempted to examine whether the introduction of modern chemotherapies has improved the prognosis of patients that undergo liver resection for ≥4 CRLM.MethodsBetween January 1990 and December 2013, 194 patients underwent liver resection for CRLM at our institution. The outcomes of the patients with ≥4 and 1–3 CRLM were compared before and after 2005, when modern chemotherapies were introduced to Japan.ResultsThere were 50 and 144 patients with ≥4 (Group 1) and 1–3 (Group 2) CRLM, respectively. The overall survival (OS) rate of Group 1 was significantly worse than that of Group 2 (P = 0.0007). The OS rate of Group 2 was significantly better after 2005 than before 2004 (P = 0.039), while no such differences were observed in Group 1. Multivariate analysis identified three prognostic factors in Group 1: a serum carcinoembryonic antigen level of ≥20 ng/ml (P = 0.018), a serum cancer antigen 19–9 level of ≥100 U/ml (P = 0.018), and a primary colorectal cancer N factor of ≥N2 (P = 0.023).ConclusionsThe prognosis of patients with ≥4 CRLM that undergo liver resection has not improved despite the development of modern chemotherapies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:959–965. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety and efficacy of a novel diffractive lens array using a picosecond 755 nm alexandrite laser for treatment of wrinkles
Authors: Weiss Robert A. , McDaniel David H. , Weiss Margaret A. , Mahoney Anne Marie , Beasley Karen L. , Halvorson Christian R. 
Published: September 2016

IntroductionPicosecond lasers have been reported to be effective for removal of tattoo pigment. This prospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the treatment of peri‐oral and ‐ocular wrinkles using a novel diffractive lens array coupled with a picosecond 755 nm alexandrite laser.MethodsForty female subjects presenting with wrinkles from photodamage were enrolled in an IRB approved study. Subjects received four picosecond diffractive lens array treatments to the full face at 1 month intervals. Six subjects were biopsied (two subjects at 1 month, two subjects at 3 months, and two subjects at 6 months). Digital photographic images were taken at 1, 3, and 6 months post‐final treatment visits. Images were graded by blinded physicians for fine lines/wrinkles, erythema, dyschromia, and global improvement. Data on discomfort level, satisfaction, and side effects were recorded.ResultsOverall blinded physician rated global improvement ranged from improved to much improved at 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐month time points. At baseline the average Fitzpatrick wrinkle score was 5.48. At the 6‐month follow‐up the average score was 3.47. The overall average change in score from pre‐treatment to post‐treatment was 1.97. Subject self‐assessment at 6 months indicated that 90% of subjects were extremely or satisfied with their results. Unanticipated adverse events were absent with anticipated post‐treatment erythema lasting for just several hours.ConclusionsA novel diffractive lens array used with a picosecond 755 nm alexandrite laser for treatment of wrinkles is highly effective and safe for wrinkles and other signs of photoaging. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:40–44, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐iPPseEvo: A Multi‐label Classifier for Identifying Human Phosphorylated Proteins by Incorporating Evolutionary Information into Chou′s General PseAAC via Grey System Theory
Authors: Qiu Wang‐Ren , Zheng Quan‐Shu , Sun Bi‐Qian , Xiao Xuan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPredicting phosphorylation protein is a challenging problem, particularly when query proteins have multi‐label features meaning that they may be phosphorylated at two or more different type amino acids. In fact, human protein usually be phosphorylated at serine, threonine and tyrosine. By introducing the “multi‐label learning” approach, a novel predictor has been developed that can be used to deal with the systems containing both single‐ and multi‐label phosphorylation protein. Here we proposed a predictor called Multi‐iPPseEvo by (1) incorporating the protein sequence evolutionary information into the general pseudo amino acid composition (PseAAC) via the grey system theory, (2) balancing out the skewed training datasets by the asymmetric bootstrap approach, and (3) constructing an ensemble predictor by fusing an array of individual random forest classifiers thru a voting system. Rigorous cross‐validations via a set of multi‐label metrics indicate that the multi‐label phosphorylation predictor is very promising and encouraging. The current approach represents a new strategy to deal with the multi‐label biological problems, and the software is freely available for academic use at http://www.jci‐bioinfo.cn/Multi‐iPPseEvo.
Enriching the finite element method with meshfree particles in structural mechanics
Authors: Zanette A. , Ferronato M. , Janna C. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe automatic generation of meshes for the finite element (FE) method can be an expensive computational burden, especially in structural problems with localized stress peaks. The use of meshless methods can address such an issue, as these techniques do not require the existence of an underlying connection among the particles selected in a general domain. This study advances a numerical strategy that blends the FE method with the meshless local Petrov–Galerkin technique in structural mechanics, with the aim at exploiting the most attractive features of each procedure. The idea relies on the use of FEs to compute a background solution that is locally improved by enriching the approximation space with the basis functions associated to a few meshless points, thus taking advantage of the flexibility ensured by the use of particles disconnected from an underlying grid. Adding the meshless particles only where needed avoids the cost of mesh refining, or even of remeshing, without the prohibitive computational cost of a thoroughly meshfree approach. In the present implementation, an efficient integration strategy for the computation of the coefficients taking into account the mutual FE–meshless local Petrov–Galerkin interactions is introduced. Moreover, essential boundary conditions are enforced separately on both FEs and meshless particles, thus allowing for an overall accuracy improvement also when the enriched region is close to the domain boundary. Numerical examples in structural problems show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the solution accuracy at a local level, with no remeshing effort, and at a low computational cost. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The burgeoning field of innate immune‐mediated disease and autoinflammation
Authors: Peckham Daniel , Scambler Thomas , Savic Sinisa , McDermott Michael F 
Published: September 2016

AbstractImmune‐mediated autoinflammatory diseases are occupying an increasingly prominent position among the pantheon of debilitating conditions that afflict humankind. This review focuses on some of the key developments that have occurred since the original description of autoinflammatory disease in 1999, and focuses on underlying mechanisms that trigger autoinflammation. The monogenic autoinflammatory disease range has expanded considerably during that time, and now includes a broad spectrum of disorders, including relatively common conditions such as cystic fibrosis and subsets of systemic lupus erythematosus. The innate immune system also plays a key role in the pathogenesis of complex inflammatory disorders. We have proposed a new nomenclature to accommodate the rapidly increasing number of monogenic disorders, which predispose to either autoinflammation or autoimmunity or, indeed, combinations of both. This new terminology also encompasses a wide spectrum of genetically determined autoinflammatory diseases, with variable clinical manifestations of immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation/autoimmunity. We also explore some of the ramifications of the breakthrough discovery of the physiological role of pyrin and the search for identifiable factors that may serve to trigger attacks of autoinflammation. The evidence that pyrin, as part of the pyrin inflammasome, acts as a sensor of different inactivating bacterial modification Rho GTPases, rather than interacting directly with these microbial products, sets the stage for a better understanding of the role of microorganisms and infections in the autoinflammatory disorders. Finally, we discuss some of the triggers of autoinflammation as well as potential therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing autophagy and proteasome degradation pathways. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptation Methods for Transportation Infrastructure Built on Degrading Permafrost
Authors: Doré Guy , Niu Fujun , Brooks Heather 
Published: September 2016

AbstractClimate warming since the second half of the 20th century has begun to significantly impact infrastructure integrity in permafrost environments and has already resulted in expensive maintenance operations. Engineers in countries with permafrost are actively working to adapt the design of structures to degrading permafrost conditions. Here, we review permafrost degradation processes and their geotechnical impacts. We also summarise mitigation techniques for protecting transportation infrastructure built on permafrost and for preventing permafrost degradation near these facilities based on the results of field and laboratory tests, numerical simulations and engineering practices on such infrastructure. We draw four conclusions: (1) climate warming and local surface changes have caused permafrost degradation, and resulted in instability and damage leading to infrastructure maintenance and repair; (2) passive cooling methods, including high‐albedo surfacing, sun‐sheds, air convection embankments, air ducts, heat drains and thermosyphons, have shown consistent cooling effects, if designed appropriately; (3) mitigation and adaptation methods are more expensive than conventional construction techniques as shown by construction cost data for a test site in Canada; and (4) the influence of continued climate warming on permafrost and infrastructure design must be considered within the design of new or rehabilitated infrastructure and within the context of the infrastructure's service life. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Omalizumab in patient with aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease and chronic idiopathic urticaria
Authors: Porcaro Federica , Di Marco Antonio , Cutrera Renato 
Published: September 2016

SummaryAspirin hypersensitivity associated with chronic rhinosinusitis—with or without nasal polyposis—and asthma resistant to conventional therapy defines the aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). We describe the case of a 15‐year‐old female patient with adverse reaction to aspirin, chronic rhinosinusitis, and severe asthma. She also experienced chronic idiopathic urticaria worsened by non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug administration. AERD was diagnosed based on clinical history and symptoms. Given the poor responsiveness to standard therapy for respiratory and cutaneous symptoms, omalizumab was administered for 24 weeks with control of respiratory symptoms and short term improvement of cutaneous symptoms. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:E26–E28. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combination of Ionic Liquid and Sonication: a Fast, Mild and Green Way to Fabricate Europium–doped Lanthanide Nanophosphates
Authors: Li Yinyan , Lei Ruoshan , Xu Shiqing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe introduced the synthesis of Eu3+‐doped lanthanide nanophosphrates througha fast, green and facile sonication‐accelerated ionic liquid (IL)‐based reaction system. LnPO4:Eu3+(Ln=La, Gd, Y,and Lu)nanostructures were prepared from aqueous solution of Ln(NO3)3⋅6H2O and IL‐1‐Hexyl‐3‐methylimidazoliumdihydric phosphate ([HMIM]H2PO4)under ultrasound irradiation without further use of organic solvents, surfactants or templates.The nanocrystals were obtained at 60 oC for0.5–1 h without high temperatureannealing.X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electronmicroscopy and photoluminescence spectra were used to characterize the nanostructures.The results displayed that nanowires, nanorods, nanowirebundles and nanoparticles were obtained for LnPO4:Eu3+(Ln= La, Gd,Yand Lu), respectively. The growth process of the nanostructureswas investigated based on a series of SEM studies of the products obtained at different sonication durations. [HMIM]H2PO4 acted as reaction medium, reactant as well as morphology‐directing agent in the formation of the nanocrystals. Both sonication and [HMIM]H2PO4 were two key factorsfor the fabrication of the well‐distributed nanoarchitectures. Photoluminescence properties of Eu3+‐doped LnPO4 were also studied.