bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particulate emissions from large North American wildfires estimated using a new top-down method
Authors: Nikonovas Tadas , North Peter R. J. , Doerr Stefan H. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Particulate matter emissions from wildfires affect climate, weather and air quality. However, existing global and regional aerosol emission estimates differ by a factor of up to 4 between different methods. Using a novel approach, we estimate daily total particulate matter (TPM) emissions from large wildfires in North American boreal and temperate regions. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire location and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data sets are coupled with HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) atmospheric dispersion simulations, attributing identified smoke plumes to sources. Unlike previous approaches, the method (i) combines information from both satellite and AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) observations to take into account aerosol water uptake and plume specific mass extinction efficiency when converting smoke AOT to TPM, and (ii) does not depend on instantaneous emission rates observed during individual satellite overpasses, which do not sample night-time emissions. The method also allows multiple independent estimates for the same emission period from imagery taken on consecutive days. Repeated fire-emitted AOT estimates for the same emission period over 2 to 3 days of plume evolution show increases in plume optical thickness by approximately 10 % for boreal events and by 40 % for temperate emissions. Inferred median water volume fractions for aged boreal and temperate smoke observations are 0.15 and 0.47 respectively, indicating that the increased AOT is partly explained by aerosol water uptake. TPM emission estimates for boreal events, which predominantly burn during daytime, agree closely with bottom-up Global Fire Emission Database (GFEDv4) and Global Fire Assimilation System (GFASv1.0) inventories, but are lower by approximately 30 % compared to Quick Fire Emission Dataset (QFEDv2) PM2. 5, and are higher by approximately a factor of 2 compared to Fire Energetics and Emissions Research (FEERv1) TPM estimates. The discrepancies are larger for temperate fires, which are characterized by lower median fire radiative power values and more significant night-time combustion. The TPM estimates for this study for the biome are lower than QFED PM2. 5 by 35 %, and are larger by factors of 2.4, 3.2 and 4 compared with FEER, GFED and GFAS inventories respectively. A large underestimation of TPM emission by bottom-up GFED and GFAS indicates low biases in emission factors or consumed biomass estimates for temperate fires.
Riesgos ambientales y desarrollo en la zona rural
Authors: Alfaro Salvador Orlando 
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo presenta un estudio de una comunidad rural del oriente de El Salvador para examinar la vulnerabilidad al cambio y a la variabilidad climáticos, y otros problemas socio-ambientales, a fin de lograr una comprensión de la relación entre desarrollo y vulnerabilidad ambiental. En este ensayo también se discuten temas relacionados con el tipo de marco contextual que se requiere para asegurar un proceso de adaptación a los riesgos ambientales; también se explora hasta qué punto las prácticas sostenibles a escala local pueden conducir un proceso de reducción de la vulnerabilidad y cómo la reducción de la vulnerabilidad puede tener un impacto positivo en el desarrollo y la sostenibilidad. Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 129, 2011: 355-373
Analytic Validation of Immunohistochemistry Assays: New Benchmark Data From a Survey of 1085 Laboratories
Authors: Stuart Lauren N. , Volmar Keith E. , Nowak Jan A. , Fatheree Lisa A. , Souers Rhona J. , Fitzgibbons Patrick L. , Goldsmith Jeffrey D. , Astles J. Rex , Nakhleh Raouf E. 
Published: May 2017

Context.—A cooperative agreement between the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was undertaken to measure laboratories' awareness and implementation of an evidence-based laboratory practice guideline (LPG) on immunohistochemical (IHC) validation practices published in 2014.Objective.—To establish new benchmark data on IHC laboratory practices.Design.—A 2015 survey on IHC assay validation practices was sent to laboratories subscribed to specific CAP proficiency testing programs and to additional nonsubscribing laboratories that perform IHC testing. Specific questions were designed to capture laboratory practices not addressed in a 2010 survey.Results.—The analysis was based on responses from 1085 laboratories that perform IHC staining. Ninety-six percent (809 of 844) always documented validation of IHC assays. Sixty percent (648 of 1078) had separate procedures for predictive and nonpredictive markers, 42.7% (220 of 515) had procedures for laboratory-developed tests, 50% (349 of 697) had procedures for testing cytologic specimens, and 46.2% (363 of 785) had procedures for testing decalcified specimens. Minimum case numbers were specified by 85.9% (720 of 838) of laboratories for nonpredictive markers and 76% (584 of 768) for predictive markers. Median concordance requirements were 95% for both types. For initial validation, 75.4% (538 of 714) of laboratories adopted the 20-case minimum for nonpredictive markers and 45.9% (266 of 579) adopted the 40-case minimum for predictive markers as outlined in the 2014 LPG. The most common method for validation was correlation with morphology and expected results. Laboratories also reported which assay changes necessitated revalidation and their minimum case requirements.Conclusions.—Benchmark data on current IHC validation practices and procedures may help laboratories understand the issues and influence further refinement of LPG recommendations.
Jean Dupuy : le je(u) du traduire anagrammatique
Authors: Bourchenin Barbara 
Published: May 2017

Jean Dupuy est un artiste singulier qui, depuis les années 1960, ne cesse de redéfinir sa pratique, de défaire ses habitudes, de renouveler ses méthodes. Cette quête de réinvention le pousse, en 1973, à engager une pratique d’auto-traduction intermédiale de son oeuvre. La description anagrammatique de ses pièces implique une réflexion sur le traduire en tant que pratique plastique à part entière. Cet article se propose d’aborder les principaux enjeux de la traduction intermédiale. Sorti du régime binaire structuraliste de traduction, le traduire mis en jeu par les anagrammes de J. Dupuy relève d’un traduire comme « jeu », bricolage intempestif et « re-créatif » du mot. Artiste traducteur-plasticien, Jean Dupuy interroge également à travers le traduire la relation du spectateur à l’oeuvre. Il met en place une biopolitique de la médiation artistique, faisant de chaque oeuvre autant d’adresses au spectateur.
The ratio of serum Angiopoietin-1 to Angiopoietin-2 in patients with cervical cancer is a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker
Authors: Yang Ping , Chen Na , Yang Dongyun , Crane Janet , Yang Shouhua , Wang Hangyu , Dong Ruiqing , Yi Xiaoqing , Xie Lisha , Jing Guo , Cai Jing , Wang Zehua 
Published: May 2017

Objectives
Angiopoietins have been found to play essential roles in tumor angiogenesis. The present study was aimed at investigating the diagnostic and prognostic values of serum angiopoietin 1 and 2 (sAng-1 and sAng-2) in cervical cancer.

Methods
The sAng-1 and sAng-2 concentrations were analyzed in 77 women with cervical cancer, 44 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 43 women without cervical lesions by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The diagnostic values of sAng-1, sAng-2 and sAng-1/sAng-2 were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The Ang-1 and Ang-2 expression in cervical cancer tissues as well as microvessel density (MVD), were assessed by immunohistochemistry.

Results
The concentration of sAng-2 gradually increased and the sAng-1/Ang-2 ratio was gradually decreased from normal control to CIN, then to squamous cell cancer, and the sAng-1/sAng-2 ratio was also significantly decreased in adenocarcinoma. The area under ROC curves of sAng-2 and sAng-1/sAng-2 ratio for discriminating cervical cancer from normal were 0.744 and 0.705, respectively. Decreased sAng-1/sAng-2 was significantly associated with advanced tumor stage, poor differentiation, lymph-vascular space invasion and high MVD. sAng-2 was positively correlated with the Ang-2 expression in cervix epithelia. A high sAng-1/sAng-2 ratio was associated with a longer progression-free survival and a longer overall survival in cervical cancer patients.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that sAng-2 and the sAng-1/sAng-2 ratio may be valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cervical cancer.
The increasing prevalence of HIV/Helicobacter pylori co-infection over time, along with the evolution of antiretroviral therapy (ART)
Authors: Radovanović Spurnić Aleksandra , Brmbolić Branko , Stojšić Zorica , Pekmezović Tatijana , Bukumirić Zoran , Korać Miloš , Salemović Dubravka , Pešić-Pavlović Ivana , Stevanović Goran , Milošević Ivana , Jevtović Djordje 
Published: May 2017

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common human bacterial infections with prevalence rates between 10–80% depending upon geographical location, age and socioeconomic status. H. pylori is commonly found in patients complaining of dyspepsia and is a common cause of gastritis. During the course of their infection, people living with HIV (PLHIV) often have a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms including dyspepsia and while previous studies have reported HIV and H. pylori co-infection, there has been little data clarifying the factors influencing this. The aim of this case-control study was to document the prevalence of H. pylori co-infection within the HIV community as well as to describe endoscopic findings, gastritis topography and histology, along with patient demographic characteristics across three different periods of time during which antiretroviral therapy (ART) has evolved, from pre- highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to early and modern HAART eras. These data were compared to well-matched HIV negative controls. Two hundred and twelve PLHIV were compared with 1,617 controls who underwent their first esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) to investigate dyspepsia. The prevalence of H. pylori co-infection among PLHIV was significantly higher in the early (30.2%) and modern HAART period (34.4%) compared with those with coinfection from the pre-HAART period (18.2%). The higher rates seen in patients from the HAART eras were similar to those observed among HIV negative controls (38.5%). This prevalence increase among co-infected patients was in contrast to the fall in prevalence observed among controls, from 60.7% in the early period to 52.9% in the second observed period. The three PLHIV co-infected subgroups differed regarding gastritis topography, morphology and pathology. This study suggests that ART has an important impact on the endoscopic and histological features of gastritis among HIV/H. pylori co-infected individuals, raising the possibility that H. pylori-induced gastritis could be an immune restoration disease.
Exploring the explosive‐effusive transition using permanent ultraviolet cameras
Authors: Delle Donne D. , Tamburello G. , Aiuppa A. , Bitetto M. , Lacanna G. , D'Aleo R. , Ripepe M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms that cause effusive eruptions is the key to mitigating their associated hazard. Here we combine results from permanent ultraviolet (UV) cameras, and from other geophysical observations (seismic very long period, thermal, and infrasonic activity), to characterize volcanic SO2 flux regime in the period prior, during, and after Stromboli's August–November 2014 effusive eruption. We show that, in the 2 months prior to effusion onset, the SO2 flux levels are 2 times average level. We explain this anomalously high SO2 regime as primarily determined by venting of rapidly rising, pressurized SO2‐rich gas pockets produced by strombolian explosions being more frequent and intense than usual. We develop a procedure to track (and count), in the UV camera record, the SO2 flux pulses produced by individual explosions and puffing activity (active degassing). We find that these SO2 pulses are far more numerous (67 ± 47 events per hour) before the effusion onset than during normal activity (20 ± 15 events per hour). This observation, combined with geophysical evidence, demonstrates an elevated gas bubble supply to the shallow conduits, causing elevated explosive and puffing activity. This increase (≥0.1 m3 s−1) in magma transport rate in the north‐east feeding conduits finally triggers effusion onset. Active degassing remains elevated also during the effusive phase, supporting the persistence of explosive and puffing activity during the effusive eruption, deep in the volcanic conduit. Our results demonstrate that permanent UV cameras can valuably contribute to monitoring at high‐sampling frequency gas dynamics and fluxes, thus opening the way to direct comparison with more established geophysical observations.
Prospective Randomized Crossover Study of Telesimulation Versus Standard Simulation for Teaching Medical Students the Management of Critically Ill Patients
Authors: McCoy C. Eric , Sayegh Julie , Rahman Asif , Landgorf Mark , Anderson Craig , Lotfipour Shahram 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of telesimulation versus standard simulation in teaching medical students the management of critically ill patientsMethodsProspective, randomized crossover study of 32 fourth‐year medical students at a university medical simulation center. Students were randomized to the standard simulation (SIM) or telesimulation (TeleSIM) group between September 2014 and February 2015. The SIM group experience included participating in a live, fully immersive simulation case followed by debriefing with their SIM cohort and a live TV Internet connection to the TeleSIM group. The TeleSIM group experience included remotely observing the live simulation case at an off‐site location, followed by a shared group debriefing via live TV Internet connection. Subject assessment was performed with a written evaluation tool. During a second instructional session, the students crossed over and participated in a different simulation scenario and assessment. Mean evaluation scores were calculated along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and were analyzed via linear regression. Our secondary outcome was a survey evaluating the perceptions and attitudes held between the two simulation modalities.ResultsOf 33 eligible students, 32 participated in the study (97.0%). We found no significant difference in the mean evaluation scores of the two groups: SIM group mean = 96.6% (95% CI = 94.5%–98.6%) and TeleSIM group mean = 96.8% (95% CI = 94.8%–98.9%). We also found no significant difference in the favorability of teaching modality (TeleSIM vs. SIM) on the survey.ConclusionIn our prospective randomized crossover study evaluating telesimulation versus standard simulation, we found no significant difference in evaluation scores among the two groups. There was also no significant difference found in the favorability of one teaching modality on a posteducational session survey. Our data support and highlight the capability of telesimulation to provide educational benefit to learners who do not have direct access to simulation resources.
Reentrant Phase Transition Drives Dynamic Substructure Formation in Ribonucleoprotein Droplets
Authors: Banerjee Priya R. , Milin Anthony N. , Moosa Mahdi Muhammad , Onuchic Paulo L. , Deniz Ashok A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntracellular ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules are membrane‐less droplet organelles that are thought to regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. While liquid–liquid phase separation may drive RNP granule assembly, the mechanisms underlying their supramolecular dynamics and internal organization remain poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate that RNA, a primary component of RNP granules, can modulate the phase behavior of RNPs by controlling both droplet assembly and dissolution in vitro. Monotonically increasing the RNA concentration initially leads to droplet assembly by complex coacervation and subsequently triggers an RNP charge inversion, which promotes disassembly. This RNA‐mediated reentrant phase transition can drive the formation of dynamic droplet substructures (vacuoles) with tunable lifetimes. We propose that active cellular processes that can create an influx of RNA into RNP granules, such as transcription, can spatiotemporally control the organization and dynamics of such liquid‐like organelles.
Synthesis, Solid‐State Structure, and Bonding Analysis of a Homoleptic Beryllium Azide
Authors: Naglav Dominik , Tobey Briac , Lyhs Benjamin , Römer Beate , Bläser Dieter , Wölper Christoph , Jansen Georg , Schulz Stephan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract[Ph4P]2[Be(N3)4] (1) and [PNP]2[Be(N3)4] (2; PNP=Ph3PNPPh3) were synthesized by reacting Be(N3)2 with [Ph4P]N3 and [PNP]N3. Compound 1 represents the first structurally characterized homoleptic beryllium azide. The electronic structure and bonding situation in the tetraazidoberyllate dianion [Be(N3)4]2− were investigated by quantum‐chemical calculations (NPA, ELF, LOL).
Isomerization, Ring Expansion, and Ring Contraction of 1,3‐Diphosphete Complexes
Authors: Rummel Eva‐Maria , Balázs Gábor , Heinl Veronika , Scheer Manfred 
Published: May 2017

AbstractReactions between the 1,3‐diphosphete complex [Cp′′′Co(η4‐P2C2tBu2)] (1) and Ag[Al{OC(CF3)3}4] (Ag[pftb]) were carried out under different conditions. In CH2Cl2, the unprecedented 1,2‐diphosphete isomerization product [Ag2{Cp′′′Co(μ,η4:η1:η1‐1,2‐P2C2tBu2)}2{Cp′′′Co(μ,η4:η1‐1,2‐P2C2tBu2)}2]⋅2[pftb] (2) could be isolated. In diffusion experiments of 1 in n‐hexane with Ag[pftb] in CH2Cl2, the triphosphacobaltocenium complex [Cp′′′Co(η5‐P3C2tBu2)][pftb] (4) and the phosphirenylium complex [Cp′′′Co(η3‐PC2tBu2)][pftb] (5) were obtained, showing a ring expansion and a ring contraction, respectively, under mild conditions. Moreover, addition of pyridine to the Ag complex 2 led to the new 1,2‐diphosphete complex [Cp′′′Co(η4‐1,2‐P2C2tBu2)] (3). Compound 3 is also formed by thermolysis of 1, making it a promising method for this type of isomerization. 1,2‐Diphosphete complexes like 3 are thermodynamically more stable but also synthetically more elusive than their 1,3‐isomer counterparts.
Large Stokes Shift Ionic‐Liquid Dye
Authors: Schmode Stella , Petrosyan Andranik , Fennel Franziska , Villinger Alexander , Lochbrunner Stefan , Ludwig Ralf 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe have incorporated the dye N‐methyl‐6‐oxyquinolone [6MQz] in its protonated form as a cation into an ionic liquid (IL) and thus to synthesize an IL dye. The IL dye N‐methyl‐6‐hydroxyquinolinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide [6MQc][NTf2] was characterized by NMR, ATR IR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. The fluorescence of the IL dye has a large Stokes shift of Δλ=116 nm and a quantum yield of φF=0.56 in acetonitrile. Characteristic solvent dependent shifts can be detected in the emission spectra. In other ILs, acetonitrile and THF we observe a bathochromic shift of up to 28 nm compared to the pure IL dye at 467 nm. For stronger polar solvents the fluorescence signals are strongly red‐shifted to 650 nm indicating proton transfer to the solvent molecules in the excited state. This underlines the importance of the IL building block [MQc]+ as photo acid.
Tetranitromethane: A Nightmare of Molecular Flexibility in the Gaseous and Solid States
Authors: Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Tikhonov Denis S. , Schwabedissen Jan , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Moll Richard , Krumm Burkhard , Klapötke Thomas M. , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAfter numerous attempts over the last seven decades to obtain a structure for the simple, highly symmetric molecule tetranitromethane (C(NO2)4, TNM) that is consistent with results from diffraction experiments and spectroscopic analysis, the structure has now been determined in the gas phase and the solid state. For the gas phase, a new approach based on a four‐dimensional dynamic model for describing the correlated torsional dynamics of the four C−NO2 units was necessary to describe the experimental gas‐phase electron diffraction intensities. A model describing a highly disordered high‐temperature crystalline phase was also established, and the structure of an ordered low‐temperature phase was determined by X‐ray diffraction. TNM is a prime example of molecular flexibility, bringing structural methods to the limits of their applicability.
Reaction Acceleration in Thin Films with Continuous Product Deposition for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Wei Zhenwei , Wleklinski Michael , Ferreira Christina , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThin film formats are used to study the Claisen–Schmidt base‐catalyzed condensation of 6‐hydroxy‐1‐indanone with substituted benzaldehydes and to compare the reaction acceleration relative to the bulk. Relative acceleration factors initially exceeded 103 and were on the order of 102 at steady state, although the confined volume reaction was not electrostatically driven. Substituent effects were muted compared to those in the corresponding bulk and microdroplet reactions and it is concluded that the rate‐limiting step at steady state is reagent transport to the interface. Conditions were found that allowed product deposition from the thin film to occur continuously as the reaction mixture was added and as the solvent evaporated. Yields of 74 % and production rates of 98 mg h−1 were reached in a very simple experimental system that could be multiplexed to greater scales.
Immobilization of Trametes versicolor laccase on different PGMA‐based polymeric microspheres using response surface methodology: Optimization of conditions
Authors: Vera Myleidi , Rivas Bernabé L. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTEnzymatic immobilization is a versatile alternative to improve enzyme stability and enable its reuse. In this study, the change in the immobilized enzyme properties due to the type of functional group on the carrier was evaluated. For that, monodisperse polymeric microspheres with two functional groups widely used in laccase immobilization—oxirane [poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA)] and hydrazide—were synthesized by dispersion polymerization to covalently immobilize the laccase Trametes versicolor. Using a response surface methodology, laccase immobilization was optimized for each microsphere type. As a result, laccase immobilization on PGMA carriers appears to broaden the pH and temperature ranges, storage stability, and reusability compared to free and hydrazide enzymes. These aforementioned characteristics indicate that PGMA microspheres could act as an ideal support for enzyme immobilization in biotechnological applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45249.