bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered Expression of Angiotensinogen and Mediators of Angiogenesis in Ileal Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Hume Georgia E. , Doecke James D. , Huang Ning , Fowler Elizabeth V. , Brown Ian S. , Simms Lisa A. , Radford-Smith Graham L. 
Published: March 2016

Background & Aims: Angiotensin II (AII) is a powerful splanchnic vasoconstrictor with pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic properties. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and AII Receptor Antagonists (ARBs) are therapeutic in animal models of colitis. The aim of this case-control study is to determine the expression of angiotensinogen and related genes in human ileal Crohn’s disease.
Methods: Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we measured mRNA expression levels of angiotensinogen (AGT), hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1α and melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM; CD146) in 101 human samples (69 biopsy, 12 resection) from affected ileum (inflamed CD cases, n=36) and unaffected ileum (non-inflamed CD cases, n=45 and controls, n=20). Immunohistochemistry for angiotensinogen was also performed. The study was of case-control design in a tertiary care setting.
Results: Ileal expression of AGT was lower in CD cases compared to controls (p<0.0001), in inflamed CD samples (p=0.017) and current smokers (p=0.02). HIF1α expression was lower in non-inflamed CD biopsy samples than controls (p=0.006). The presence of disease-associated NOD2 variants was associated with increased expression of markers of angiogenesis (HIF1α p=0.009; MCAM p=0.007) in inflamed CD samples. Angiotensinogen immunohistochemical staining supported the quantitative RT-PCR expression findings.
Conclusions: Angiotensinogen expression is down regulated in human ileal CD, particularly in the presence of inflammation and current cigarette smoking, implicating the mesenteric vasculature and mucosal hypoxia as co-factors in ileal CD pathogenesis. A novel reduction in HIF1α expression in non-inflamed ileal mucosa in CD patients was also demonstrated..
Abbrevations: AI: angiotensin I; AII: angiotensin II; ACE: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme; AGT: angiotensinogen; ARB: Angiotensin II receptor Antagonists; AT1: Angiotensin type 1; AT2: Angiotensin type 2: AT-6: Angiotensinogen-6; ATG16L1: Autophagy-related 16-like 1; CD: Crohn’s disease; CTGF: Connective Tissue Growth Factor; ECM: Extracellular matrix; HIF-1: Hypoxia inducible factor-1; IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease; IBDU: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, type unclassified; MCAM: Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule; mRNA: Messenger RNA; NOD: Nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain; NF-κB: Nuclear Factor-κB; NSAIDs: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction; RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; RT-PCR: Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; SNP: Single Nucleotide Polymorphism; TGF-β: Transforming Growth Factor-β; TNBS: Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; TNF: Tumour Necrosis Factor; UC: Ulcerative colitis; UPR: Unfolded protein response; VEGF: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Autoimmune Hepatitis Patients in the Netherlands
Authors: Van Gerven Nicole M.F. , Van der Eijk Annemiek A. , Pas Suzan D. , Zaaijer Hans L. , De Boer Ynto S. , Witte Birgit I. , Van Nieuwkerk Carin M.J. , Mulder Chris J.J. , Bouma Gerd , De Man Robert A. 
Published: March 2016

Background & Aims: In recent years chronic courses of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection have been described in immunosuppressed individuals. This may implicate a potential role for HEV in the development of autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Here we investigated the prevalence of HEV-antibodies in AIH patients in an endemic Central European country.
Methods: HEV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and HEV RNA were determined in 354 and 377 AIH patients, respectively. Clinical characteristics and disease outcome parameters were retrospectively collected.
Results: No HEV viraemic patients were identified in this cohort. A total of 106 AIH patients (29.9%) tested positive for anti-HEV IgG, and this figure was slightly higher compared to the prevalence in a reference cohort including 5,329 healthy Dutch blood donors (26.7%; P>0.05).
Conclusion: This is the largest study on the association between HEV infection and AIH. Apparently silent HEV infection is present in a significant proportion of AIH patients, yet appears not to have significant clinical repercussions in this immune compromised group of patients. Nevertheless, since acute hepatitis E may present with histological and biochemical features of AIH, the possibility of a (concomitant) HEV infection should be considered in this category of patients.Abbreviations: AIH: autoimmune hepatitis; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; SMA: anti smooth muscle antibodies; ANA: antinuclear antibodies; PBC: primary biliary cirrhosis; AMA: anti mitochondrial antibodies; PSC: primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Correlation between Faecal Tumour M2 Pyruvate Kinase and Colonoscopy for the Detection of Adenomatous Neoplasia in a Secondary Care Cohort
Authors: Bond Ashley D. , Burkitt Michael D. , Sawbridge David , Corfe Bernard M. , Probert Chris S. 
Published: March 2016

Background & Aims: Colorectal cancer screening programmes that target detection and excision of adenomatous colonic polyps have been shown to reduce colorectal cancer related mortality. Many screening programmes include an initial faecal occult blood test (FOBt) prior to colonoscopy. To refine the selection of patients for colonoscopy other faecal-based diagnostic tools have been proposed, including tumour M2-pyruvate kinase (tM2-PK). To determine whether tM2-PK quantification may have a role in diverse settings we have assessed the assay in a cohort of patients derived from both the England bowel cancer screening programme (BCSP) and symptomatic individuals presenting to secondary care.
Method. Patients undergoing colonoscopy provided faecal samples prior to bowel preparation. Faecal tM2-PK concentrations were measured by ELISA. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and ROC analyses were calculated.
Results. Ninety-six patients returned faecal samples: 50 of these with adenomas and 7 with cancer. Median age was 68. Median faecal tM2-PK concentration was 3.8 U/mL for individuals without neoplastic findings at colonoscopy, 7.7 U/mL in those with adenomas and 24.4 U/mL in subjects with colorectal cancer (both, p=0.01). ROC analysis demonstrated an AUROC of 0.66 (sensitivity 72.4%, specificity 48.7%, positive predictive value 67.7%, negative predictive value 36.7%). Amongst BCSP patients with a prior positive FOBt faecal tM2-PK was more abundant (median 6.4 U/mL, p=0.03) and its diagnostic accuracy was greater (AUROC 0.82).
Conclusion. Our findings confirm that faecal tM2-PK ELISA may have utility as an adjunct to FOBt in a screening context, but do not support its use in symptomatic patients.
Abbreviations: BCSP: Bowel cancer screening programme; EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis; FOBt: Faecal occult blood testing; NHS: National Health Service; tM2-PK: tumour M2-pyruvate kinase.
Protección del derecho a la inviolabilidad del domicilio y las perturbaciones acústicas
Authors: Martinez Pilar Domínguez 
Published: March 2016

El ruido es, sin lugar a dudas, un factor de perturbación ambientalreconocido en las modernas legislaciones vigentes. El artículo 45.1 dela Constitución española reconoce el derecho a disfrutar de un medioambiente adecuado para el desarrollo de la persona. En consecuencia,se reconoce el derecho a disfrutar de un ambiente acústico que noexceda de los límites impuestos por las normas reglamentarias encada caso concreto. A pesar de que el derecho al medio ambiente no se configura en la Constitución como un derecho fundamental, es precisamente la vertinente acústica y su agresión la que ha permitido su vinculación con derechos fundamentales, tales como la intimidad y la inviolabilidad del domicilio. En el presente trabajo se analizará laprotección del ruido como bien medioambiental por la vía de considerarque determinados daños al medioambiente pueden suponer un dañoa los derechos de la personalidad (intimidad, inviolabilidad deldomicilio). Será inevitable una referencia a la STS (Sala 3ª) 13 de octubre2008 (RJ 2008, 7142), referente en nuestro derecho en la proteccióndel derecho a la intimidad domiciliaria en un caso de contaminaciónacústica procedente de la aviación. Siguiendo la línea que marca el Tribunal de Estrasburgo y después el Tribunal Constitucional serátratado como los Tribunales civiles españoles aplican directamente losaludidos derechos fundamentales para condenar a los responsablesde emisiones ruidosas.
Assombros da violência / Astonishment of violence
Authors: Scapini Marco Antonio De Abreu 
Published: March 2016

O pressuposto do presente texto é o assombro da violência nos tempos presentes. Um assombro espectral de uma violência, cuja herança vem de outros tempos. É, por assim dizer, uma questão que relaciona gerações. Nesse sentido, não é propriamente uma questão atual, mas ao mesmo tempo, não deixa de ser. Trata-se, portanto, de tempos de violência.
ZRÓWNOWAŻONY ROZWÓJ TRANSPORTU JAKO PRZYKŁAD POPRAWY EFEKTYWNOŚCI ALOKACJI OGRANICZONYCH ZASOBÓW ŚRODOWISKOWYCH
Authors: Pawłowska Barbara 
Published: March 2016

Na obecnym etapie rozwoju cywilizacji, nie można powstrzymać dążenia do rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego. Podstawową kwestią jest w jaki sposób ten proces ma przebiegać i czy da się nim sterować w celu wprowadzenia na preferowaną ścieżkę rozwoju. Jednym z czynników umożliwiających rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy jest sprawny i efektywny system transportowy. Ponieważ popyt na transport stale rośnie, odpowiedzią na te zjawiska nie może być po prostu budowanie nowej infrastruktury i otwieranie rynków. System transportowy wymaga optymalizacji, żeby spełnić wymagania wynikające z koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju. Głównym celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie teoretycznego modelu zrównoważonego rozwoju transportu oraz pokazanie możliwości i kierunków wprowadzenia sektora transportu na zrównoważoną ścieżkę rozwoju. Efektywny transport rozumiany jest jako ten, który zaspokaja popyt na usługi przemieszczenia i jednocześnie minimalizuje wykorzystywane w tym celu zasoby. Racjonalność i równowagę można osiągnąć stosując skuteczne instrumenty obniżania transportochłonności gospodarki, a także stymulując zmiany technologiczne i organizacyjne w transporcie zmniejszające jego zasobochłonność, energochłonność i uciążliwość środowiskową.
Realizacja potrzeb społecznych pacjentów w obrębie szpitala geriatrycznego
Authors: Benek Iwona Dorota , Szewczenko Anna Maria 
Published: March 2016

W artykule przedstawiono uwarunkowania funkcjonalne i przestrzenne szpitali geriatrycznych oraz ich wpływ na realizację potrzeb społecznych pacjentów.Przyjęto założenie, że istnieje szereg uwarunkowań przestrzennych, które mogą stać się elementami wspierającymi aktywność osób starszych w szpitalach geriatrycznych. W związku z tym przeprowadzono badania jakościowe na wybranych przykładach polskich i zagranicznych, w celu wskazania rozwiązań rekomendowanych związanych z lokalizacją, kształtowaniem samego budynku oraz wytypowanych stref funkcjonalnych służących pacjentom. Przedstawienie potrzeb społecznych stanowiło punkt wyjścia do przyjęcia konkretnych rozwiązań projektowych.
Supplier Knowledge Management For Supplier Development
Authors: Mollahosseini Ali , Barkhordar Mehdi 
Published: March 2016

Due to rapid and unpredictable changes in the business environment, nowadays organizations have to be innovative to survive in the marketplace. Many firms have applied knowledge management to reduce production costs, innovate new products, and attract customers and suppliers. Hence, firm's management has to maintain competitive advantage by providing inputs through a dynamic supplier network. Supplier development programs help businesses to identify collaborative suppliers. Therefore, Supplier Knowledge Management plays an important role for the firms to create switching costs and raise barriers to entry. In this paper, initially we define knowledge management, and supplier knowledge management, and then a conceptual framework is presented to enhance supplier performance. We will demonstrate how companies can benefit by adopting supplier knowledge management.
From Persuasion to Coercion: Responding to the Reluctant Patient in Rehabilitation
Authors: Anderson Lynley , Delany Clare 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEarly mobilization of patients while in hospital has been demonstrated to provide better outcomes for patients and use fewer resources. Physical therapy–based rehabilitation is central to achieving those goals. Successful rehabilitation requires that patient's and therapist's goals align, and this is commonly the case. However, occasionally, physical therapists will come across patients who are competent but reluctant to mobilize. This situation leaves the physical therapist in an ethical quandary: either accept the patient's right to refuse proposed treatment or utilize other strategies to encourage the patient to adhere to treatment. Practically, physical therapists will use a range of treatment pressures, including persuasion, offering incentives, inducements, possibly threatening or coercing, and even explicitly overriding the patient's wishes (compulsion). Deciding which treatment pressure is ethically acceptable involves the physical therapist balancing his or her therapeutic view of what is in a patient's best interests against the therapist's ethical responsibility to respect patient autonomy. This article evaluates some common strategies used by physical therapists to influence, persuade, or perhaps pressure patients to adhere to rehabilitation. The work of Szmukler and Appelbaum is utilized in analyzing treatment pressures. The authors conclude that there is a spectrum of treatment pressures, with some (persuasion and incentives) being more acceptable than others (threats and compulsion). As physical therapists balance health system pressures for rapid turnover of beds with obligations to benefit patients within limited reimbursement models, while respecting the patients' autonomy, they must be mindful of the effects of treatment pressure on patient care.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for metastatic spinal sarcoma: a detailed patterns-of-failure study
Authors: Leeman Jonathan E. , Bilsky Mark , Laufer Ilya , Folkert Michael R. , Taunk Neil K. , Osborne Joseph R. , Arevalo-Perez Julio , Zatcky Joan , Alektiar Kaled M. , Yamada Yoshiya , Spratt Daniel E. 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to report the first detailed analysis of patterns of failure within the spinal axis of patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for sarcoma spine metastases.

METHODS
Between 2005 and 2012, 88 consecutive patients with metastatic sarcoma were treated with SBRT for 120 spinal lesions. Seventy-one percent of patients were enrolled on prospective institutional protocols. For patients who underwent routine posttreatment total-spine MRI (64 patients, 88 lesions), each site of progression within the entire spinal axis was mapped in relation to the treated lesion. Actuarial rates of local-, adjacent-, and distant-segment failure-free survival (FFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS
The median follow-up for the cohort was 14.4 months, with 81.7% of patients followed up until death. The 12-month actuarial rate of local FFS was 85.9%; however, 83.3% of local failures occurred in conjunction with distant-segment failures. The 12-month actuarial rates of isolated local-, adjacent-, and distant-segment FFS were 98.0%, 97.8%, and 74.7%, respectively. Of patients with any spinal progression (n = 55), only 25.5% (n = 14) had progression at a single vertebral level, with 60.0% (n = 33) having progression at ≥ 3 sites within the spine simultaneously. Linear regression analysis revealed a relationship of decreasing risk of failure with increasing distance from the treated index lesion (R2 = 0.87), and 54.1% of failures occurred ≥ 5 vertebral levels away. Treatment of the index lesion with a lower biological effective dose (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1–9.2) and presence of local failure (OR 18.0, 95% CI 2.1–152.9) independently predicted for distant spine failure.

CONCLUSIONS
Isolated local- and adjacent-segment failures are exceptionally rare for patients with metastatic sarcoma to the spine treated with SBRT, thereby affirming the treatment of the involved level only. The majority of progression within the spinal axis occurs ≥ 5 vertebral levels away. Thus, total-spine imaging is necessary for surveillance posttreatment.
Similar head impact acceleration measured using instrumented ear patches in a junior rugby union team during matches in comparison with other sports
Authors: King Doug A. , Hume Patria A. , Gissane Conor , Clark Trevor N. 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
Direct impact with the head and the inertial loading of the head have been postulated as major mechanisms of head-related injuries, such as concussion.

METHODS
This descriptive observational study was conducted to quantify the head impact acceleration characteristics in under-9-year-old junior rugby union players in New Zealand. The impact magnitude, frequency, and location were collected with a wireless head impact sensor that was worn by 14 junior rugby players who participated in 4 matches.

RESULTS
A total of 721 impacts > 10g were recorded. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) number of impacts per player was 46 (IQR 37–58), resulting in 10 (IQR 4–18) impacts to the head per player per match. The median impact magnitudes recorded were 15g (IQR 12g–21g) for linear acceleration and 2296 rad/sec2 (IQR 1352–4152 rad/sec2) for rotational acceleration.

CONCLUSIONS
There were 121 impacts (16.8%) above the rotational injury risk limit and 1 (0.1%) impact above the linear injury risk limit. The acceleration magnitude and number of head impacts in junior rugby union players were higher than those previously reported in similar age-group sports participants. The median linear acceleration for the under-9-year-old rugby players were similar to 7- to 8-year-old American football players, but lower than 9- to 12-year-old youth American football players. The median rotational accelerations measured were higher than the median and 95th percentiles in youth, high school, and collegiate American football players.
Clinical and radiographic parameters associated with best versus worst clinical outcomes in minimally invasive spinal deformity surgery
Authors: Than Khoi D. , Park Paul , Fu Kai-Ming , Nguyen Stacie , Wang Michael Y. , Chou Dean , Nunley Pierce D. , Anand Neel , Fessler Richard G. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Bess Shay , Akbarnia Behrooz A. , Deviren Vedat , Uribe Juan S. , La Marca Frank , Kanter Adam S. , Okonkwo David O. , Mundis Gregory M. , Mummaneni Praveen V. , _ _ 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques are increasingly used to treat adult spinal deformity. However, standard minimally invasive spinal deformity techniques have a more limited ability to restore sagittal balance and match the pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) than traditional open surgery. This study sought to compare “best” versus “worst” outcomes of MIS to identify variables that may predispose patients to postoperative success.

METHODS
A retrospective review of minimally invasive spinal deformity surgery cases was performed to identify parameters in the 20% of patients who had the greatest improvement in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores versus those in the 20% of patients who had the least improvement in ODI scores at 2 years' follow-up.

RESULTS
One hundred four patients met the inclusion criteria, and the top 20% of patients in terms of ODI improvement at 2 years (best group, 22 patients) were compared with the bottom 20% (worst group, 21 patients). There were no statistically significant differences in age, body mass index, pre- and postoperative Cobb angles, pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence, levels fused, operating room time, and blood loss between the best and worst groups. However, the mean preoperative ODI score was significantly higher (worse disability) at baseline in the group that had the greatest improvement in ODI score (58.2 vs 39.7, p < 0.001). There was no difference in preoperative PI-LL mismatch (12.8° best vs 19.5° worst, p = 0.298). The best group had significantly less postoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA; 3.4 vs 6.9 cm, p = 0.043) and postoperative PI-LL mismatch (10.4° vs 19.4°, p = 0.027) than the worst group. The best group also had better postoperative visual analog scale back and leg pain scores (p = 0.001 and p = 0.046, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
The authors recommend that spinal deformity surgeons using MIS techniques focus on correcting a patient's PI-LL mismatch to within 10° and restoring SVA to < 5 cm. Restoration of these parameters seems to impact which patients will attain the greatest degree of improvement in ODI outcomes, while the spines of patients who do the worst are not appropriately corrected and may be fused into a fixed sagittal plane deformity.
Infraorbital nerve: a surgically relevant landmark for the pterygopalatine fossa, cavernous sinus, and anterolateral skull base in endoscopic transmaxillary approaches
Authors: Elhadi Ali M. , Zaidi Hasan A. , Yagmurlu Kaan , Ahmed Shah , Rhoton Albert L. , Nakaji Peter , Preul Mark C. , Little Andrew S. 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
Endoscopic transmaxillary approaches (ETMAs) address pathology of the anterolateral skull base, including the cavernous sinus, pterygopalatine fossa, and infratemporal fossa. This anatomically complex region contains branches of the trigeminal nerve and external carotid artery and is in proximity to the internal carotid artery. The authors postulated, on the basis of intraoperative observations, that the infraorbital nerve (ION) is a useful surgical landmark for navigating this region; therefore, they studied the anatomy of the ION and its relationships to critical neurovascular structures and the maxillary nerve (V2) encountered in ETMAs.

METHODS
Endoscopic anatomical dissections were performed bilaterally in 5 silicone-injected, formalin-fixed cadaveric heads (10 sides). Endonasal transmaxillary and direct transmaxillary (Caldwell-Luc) approaches were performed, and anatomical correlations were analyzed and documented. Stereotactic imaging of each specimen was performed to correlate landmarks and enable precise measurement of each segment.

RESULTS
The ION was readily identified in the roof of the maxillary sinus at the beginning of the surgical procedure in all specimens. Anatomical dissections of the ION and the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (V2) to the cavernous sinus suggested that the ION/V2 complex has 4 distinct segments that may have implications in endoscopic approaches: 1) Segment I, the cutaneous segment of the ION and its terminal branches (5–11 branches) to the face, distal to the infraorbital foramen; 2) Segment II, the orbitomaxillary segment of the ION within the infraorbital canal from the infraorbital foramen along the infraorbital groove (length 12 ± 3.2 mm); 3) Segment III, the pterygopalatine segment within the pterygopalatine fossa, which starts at the infraorbital groove to the foramen rotundum (13 ± 2.5 mm); and 4) Segment IV, the cavernous segment from the foramen rotundum to the trigeminal ganglion (15 ± 4.1 mm), which passes in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. The relationship of the ION/V2 complex to the contents of the cavernous sinus, carotid artery, and pterygopalatine fossa is described in the text.

CONCLUSIONS
The ION/V2 complex is an easily identifiable and potentially useful surgical landmark to the foramen rotundum, cavernous sinus, carotid artery, pterygopalatine fossa, and anterolateral skull base during ETMAs.