bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distance Enhanced Hypergraph Learning for Dynamic Node Classification
Authors: Liu Dengfeng , Pan Zhiqiang , Hu Shengze , Cai Fei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDynamic node classification aims to predict the labels of nodes in the dynamic networks. Existing methods primarily utilize the graph neural networks to acquire the node features and original graph structure features. However, these approaches ignore the high-order relationships between nodes and may lead to the over-smoothing issue. To address these issues, we propose a distance enhanced hypergraph learning (DEHL) method for dynamic node classification. Specifically, we first propose a time-adaptive pre-training component to generate the time-aware representations of each node. Then we utilize a dual-channel convolution module to construct the local and global hypergraphs which contain the corresponding local and global high-order relationships. Moreover, we adopt the K-nearest neighbor algorithm to construct the global hypergraph in the embedding space. After that, we adopt the node convolution and hyperedge convolution to aggregate the features of neighbors on the hypergraphs to the target node. Finally, we combine the temporal representations and the distance enhanced representations of the target node to predict its label. In addition, we conduct extensive experiments on two public dynamic graph datasets, i.e., Wikipedia and Reddit. The experimental results show that DEHL outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines in terms of AUC.
Infinitesimal and infinite numbers in applied mathematics
Authors: Bryzgalov Aleksandr , Islami Kevin , Giordano Paolo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe need to describe abrupt changes or response of nonlinear systems to impulsive stimuli is ubiquitous in applications. Also the informal use of infinitesimal and infinite quantities is still a method used to construct idealized but tractable models within the famous J. von Neumann reasonably wide area of applicability. We review the theory of generalized smooth functions as a candidate to address both these needs: a rigorous but simple language of infinitesimal and infinite quantities, and the possibility to deal with continuous and generalized function as if they were smooth maps: with pointwise values, free composition and hence nonlinear operations, all the classical theorems of calculus, a good integration theory, and new existence results for differential equations. We exemplify the applications of this theory through several models of singular dynamical systems: deduction of the heat and wave equations extended to generalized functions, a singular variable length pendulum wrapping on a parallelepiped, the oscillation of a pendulum damped by different media, a nonlinear stress–strain model of steel, singular Lagrangians as used in optics, and some examples from quantum mechanics.
The Use of Systemically Absorbed Drugs to Explore An In Vitro Bioequivalence Approach For Comparing Non-Systemically Absorbed Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Drug Products For Use in Dogs
Authors: Martinez Marilyn N. , Fahmy Raafat , Li Linge , Herath Kithsiri , Hollenbeck R. Gary , Ibrahim Ahmed , Hoag Stephen W. , Longstaff David , Gao Shasha , Myers Michael J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Currently, for veterinary oral formulations containing one or more active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) that are not systemically absorbed and act locally within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the use of terminal clinical endpoint bioequivalence (BE) studies is the only option for evaluating product BE. This investigation explored the use of a totality of evidence approach as an alternative to these terminal studies.

Methods
Three formulations of tablets containing ivermectin plus praziquantel were manufactured to exhibit distinctly different in vitro release characteristics. Because these APIs are highly permeable, plasma drug concentrations served as a biomarker of in vivo dissolution. Tablets were administered to 27 healthy Beagle dogs (3-way crossover) and the rate and extent of exposure of each API for each formulation was compared in a pairwise manner. These results were compared to product relative in vitro dissolution profiles in 3 media. In vivo and in vitro BE predictions were compared.

Results
In vivo/in vitro inconsistencies in product relative performance were observed with both compounds when considering product performance across the 3 dissolution media. Formulation comparisons flagged major differences that could explain this outcome.

Conclusions
The finding of an inconsistent in vivo/in vitro relationship confirmed that in vitro dissolution alone cannot assure product BE for veterinary locally acting GI products. However, when combined with a comparison of product composition and manufacturing method, this totality of evidence approach can successfully alert scientists to potential therapeutic inequivalence, thereby supporting FDA’s efforts to Replace, Reduce, and/or Refine terminal animal studies.
Prioritisation of indicators in SDG 4: Voluntary national reviews as a tool of soft governance
Authors: Smith William C. , Susu Adriana , Jackaria Ijaaz , Martinez Johanna Bohorquez , Qu Meihui , Niwa Misaki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVoluntary national reviews (VNRs) are an important component of the follow-up and review process for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Presented by countries at the annual United Nations High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF), VNRs detail a country’s self-reported progress to peers. This voluntary process has been criticised for its weak accountability. Global governance literature, however, points to an increase in these “soft” governance mechanisms as well as the potential strategic benefits of this approach. Using a mix of logistic regression and document analysis, this study examined VNRs as a soft governance tool and a reflection of the governance mechanism of the SDGs. The authors examined the scope and content of VNR submissions from 2016 to 2022, with a deeper review of 2022, which focused on the global goal for education (SDG 4). Three types of soft governance – governing by goal-setting, by numbers and by morality – were used as lenses to make sense of the results. The authors’ findings demonstrate the ability of soft governance tools to bring together diverse actors around a broad set of goals, and how the power of numbers can influence which indicators countries report on in their VNR.
Project finance or corporate finance for renewable energy? an agent-based insight
Authors: Baldauf Thomas , Jochem Patrick 
Published: September 2024

AbstractState-of-the-art macroeconomic agent-based models (ABMs) include an increasing level of detail in the energy sector. However, the possible financing mechanisms of renewable energy are rarely considered. In this study, an investment model for power plants is conceptualized, in which energy investors interact in an imperfect and decentralized market network for credits, deposits and project equity. Agents engage in new power plant investments either through a special purpose vehicle in a project finance (PF) structure or via standard corporate finance (CF). The model portrays the growth of new power generation capacity, taking into account technological differences and investment risks associated with the power market. Different scenarios are contrasted to investigate the influence of PF investments on the transition. Further, the effectiveness of a simple green credit easing (GCE) mechanism is discussed. The results show that varying the composition of the PF and CF strategies significantly influences the transition speed. GCE can recover the pace of the transition, even under drastic reductions in PF. The model serves as a foundational framework for more in-depth policy analysis within larger agent-based integrated assessment models.
Real-world analysis on the use of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid for alcohol withdrawal syndrome in hospitalized patients with diagnosis of cirrhosis
Authors: Salomoni Monica , Missanelli Andrea , Crescioli Giada , Lanzi Cecilia , Totti Arianna , Losso Lorenzo , Gitto Stefano , Bonaiuti Roberto , Vannacci Alfredo , Lombardi Niccolò , Mannaioni Guido 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The present real-world analysis aimed to evaluate and describe the use of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in hospitalized patients with diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. An 11-year observational retrospective study on patients affected by liver cirrhosis and alcohol use disorder (AUD) was performed using data from the Medical Toxicology Unit of Careggi University Hospital in Florence (Italy). A multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate the probability of having a CIWA-Ar Max 3–4 during hospitalization, an AWS length  > 36 h, a hospitalization > 9 days, and the probability of developing drowsiness. A total of 166 AUD patients were included, of these 77 received GHB (70.13% within the first day of hospitalization) and 89 were treated without GHB. The majority were  ≥ 40 years of age (87.35%) and males (80.12%). GHB patients were more likely to have a CIWA-Ar Max 3–4 during hospitalization (OR 3.76 [CI 95% 1.02–13.85]), and a longer hospitalization (OR 3.08 [95% CI 1.23–7.71]). Early GHB administration decreased the probability of CIWA-Ar Max worsening (OR 0.06 [95% CI 0.01–0.49]). GHB dose  ≥ 100 mg/kg was not associated with the occurrence of drowsiness. Patients exposed to other sedative agents were more likely to experience drowsiness (OR 7.22 [95% CI 1.46–35.61]). The present real-world analysis underlines that GHB could be a valuable and safe option for the management of AWS in AUD patients affected by liver cirrhosis, also when administered early and even at higher than recommended dosages.
System Design, Modelling, Energy Analysis, and Industrial Applications of Ohmic Heating Technology
Authors: Javed Tasmiyah , Oluwole-ojo Oluwaloba , Zhang Hongwei , Akmal Muhammad , Breikin Timofei , O’Brien Alexander 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The food and drink industry is gradually gaining sustainability pressure due to the high carbon emissions rate and limited availability of traditional energy supplies. Thus, it is essential to consider energy efficiency and decarbonisation of the ever-expanding food and drink industry. Ohmic heating technology is a highly energy-efficient and quick method of electrically heating food products. It uses the resistance of the food material to convert electrical energy into heat. However, the heating rate of ohmic heating depends on several process variables, such as electrical conductivity, voltage gradient, and voltage frequency. Therefore, it is important to study and understand the effects of these process variables to optimise the modelling and control of ohmic heating systems to obtain desirable output from food products. Hence, this study presents a review of the effects of process parameters on nutritional and organoleptic qualities, product yields, and energy efficiency of ohmic heating, along with its various industrial applications. The technology shows promising advancements in colour and nutritional quality, increasing energy efficiency, shorter processing times, and higher product yields compared to conventional heating processes.
Unveiling the Potential of Agrifood By-products: a Comprehensive Review of Phytochemicals, Bioactivities and Industrial Applications
Authors: Fernandes Filipe , Delerue-Matos Cristina , Grosso Clara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe agrifood systems produce a vast amount of food every year and yet, a large portion of that production is directly wasted. The valorisation of the by-products resulting from this sector is of the utmost importance for a full application of circular economy and the sustainability of the world in general. The residual biomass resulting from the agrifood systems can be used in a variety of ways, such as fuel, electricity or solvent production, or the extraction of phytochemicals. Phytochemicals are secondary metabolites that have health benefits in humans, namely antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, among many others. As such, these are highly sought after in the fight against many diseases, including cancer and neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Here, we review the main types of phytochemicals present in agrifood by-products, along with their potential bioactivities, and some industrial applications in which these phytochemicals are already being used.
Graphical Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of pulsed electric fields during soil electrokinetic remediation
Authors: Abou-Shady A. , El-Araby H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Soil electrokinetic remediation (SEKR) is considered an effective method for removing pollutants by integrating chemical, physical, and biological treatments. It has multiple applications in fields such as dewatering, consolidation, sedimentation, seed germination, etc. This work builds upon a series of recent publications on SEKR, covering topics like electrode approaches, reverse polarity-based SEK, SEK design modifications, installation of perforated materials, and chemical-based SEK. This review focuses on the role of pulsed electric field (PEF) in enhancing the performance of SEKR. There are several other names for the PEF, including periodic, interval, “ON” and “OFF”, intermittent, and breaking electric fields. PEF is proposed as a solution to overcome certain obstacles in SEKR. The review evaluates PEF's impact on (a) remediating organic and inorganic hazards, anions, and salt, (b) integrating with other processes (reverse polarity, phytoremediation, and bioremediation), and (c) electro-dewatering and consolidation. PEF offers several advantages, such as reducing energy consumption, converting the residual fractions into weakly bound fractions, achieving satisfactory remediation, avoiding the voltage drop in the area across the cation exchange membrane, enhancing desorption and/or migration of charged species, permits the exchange of contaminant from solid to the liquid phase (interstitial fluid), allows contaminant diffusion through the soil pores during the off time, generate high electroosmotic flow, avoiding electrode corrosion, decreasing concentration polarization, etc. However, it may also prolong the remediation period and cause contaminant diffusion through the soil pores, which are considered obstacles for SEKR. This review also describe different techniques related to PEF and highlights the potential use of solar cells as a renewable energy source for SEKR.

Graphic abstract
Alkali-activated materials containing mine tailings and zeolite for seepage water treatment in a closed nickel mine
Authors: Laukkanen J. , Runtti H. , Lancellotti I. , Luukkonen T. , Leonelli C. , Lassi U. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the present study, alkali-activated materials were assessed as adsorbents for mine water treatment. The composition of alkali-activated materials, involving mixtures of metakaolin, blast-furnace slag, mine tailings, and zeolite, was optimized based on their leaching behavior and adsorption performance. The most effective adsorbent contained solely blast furnace slag as an aluminosilicate precursor and was selected for a pilot-scale study at a closed nickel mine in Finland. In the pilot, seepage water from a gangue area with an influent flow rate of 0.5 m3/d was treated using a permeable reactive barrier set-up containing 10 kg of slag-based adsorbent prepared by a granulation-alkali activation process. During a one-week experiment, the adsorbent granules were capable of effectively uptaking Ni, Fe, and Mn from the seepage water; the removal percentages of Ni, Fe, and Mn were 82.4%, 81.6%, and 82.5%, respectively. The results indicated the feasibility of blast furnace slag-based adsorbents for toxic element removal in a potentially sustainable approach.
“I Felt Like There Was Something Wrong in My Brain”: Growing Up with Trauma – How Young People Conceptualise, Self-Manage and Seek Help for Mental Health Problems
Authors: Lynch Louise , Moorhead Anne , Long Maggie , Steele Isobel Hawthorne 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Youth mental health is an important global healthcare topic and early interventions that are timely and evidence-based to support young people can increase quality of life and lower deaths by suicide. Research exploring young people’s mental health experiences and how they manage can further understanding into help-seeking processes.

Objective
This study aimed to explore young people’s experiences of living with and managing mental health problems and how this impacts professional help-seeking.

Methods
Eighteen young people were recruited, aged 16–25 years, with experiences of help-seeking to services for mental health problems (N = 18). Data were analysed using Constructivist Grounded Theory methods (Charmaz, Constructing grounded theory, 2014).

Findings
The findings were presented across three sub-categories: (1) “Early experiences”; (2) “Conceptualising mental health” and (3) “Managing mental health”. Findings expand understanding on the resource pressures that young people experience whilst managing persistent mental distress emanating from early experiences of trauma, life stressors, and developmental tasks. Findings also report lived experiences of pain, loneliness and stigma, and how individual conceptualisations of mental health are informed. The preference for self-reliance can be rooted in developmental needs or learned behaviours and how this impacts self-management and help seeking is discussed.

Conclusion
Through an enhanced understanding about how young people experience mental distress, developmental pressure points, marginalisation and stigma, mental health providers can prioritise individualised approaches to healthcare that can both respect a young person’s individual conceptualizations and positively leverage self-management strategies, which can contribute positively to young people’s development, quality of life, and healthcare outcomes.
Core–Shell Semiconductor-Graphene Nanoarchitectures for Efficient Photocatalysis: State of the Art and Perspectives
Authors: Lan Jinshen , Qu Shanzhi , Ye Xiaofang , Zheng Yifan , Ma Mengwei , Guo Shengshi , Huang Shengli , Li Shuping , Kang Junyong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Semiconductor photocatalysis holds great promise for renewable energy generation and environment remediation, but generally suffers from the serious drawbacks on light absorption, charge generation and transport, and structural stability that limit the performance. The core–shell semiconductor-graphene (CSSG) nanoarchitectures may address these issues due to their unique structures with exceptional physical and chemical properties. This review explores recent advances of the CSSG nanoarchitectures in the photocatalytic performance. It starts with the classification of the CSSG nanoarchitectures by the dimensionality. Then, the construction methods under internal and external driving forces were introduced and compared with each other. Afterward, the physicochemical properties and photocatalytic applications of these nanoarchitectures were discussed, with a focus on their role in photocatalysis. It ends with a summary and some perspectives on future development of the CSSG nanoarchitectures toward highly efficient photocatalysts with extensive application. By harnessing the synergistic capabilities of the CSSG architectures, we aim to address pressing environmental and energy challenges and drive scientific progress in these fields.
Unmasking gender disparities in cocoa farming: the case of female land ownership in the Ashanti and Western North regions of Ghana
Authors: Buabeng Kwabena , Löhr Katharina , Asare Richard , Sieber Stefan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGhana's economy relies heavily on agriculture, with subsistence farming being the primary source of income for rural households. Over 50% of the food grown worldwide is produced by women. Land ownership is paramount to be recognized as a cocoa farmer in Ghana, as most land is owned by men following traditional inheritance. This gives men access to, and control over, land for agriculture, thus creating structural gender inequalities. Thereby, women's contribution to agriculture is minimized and roles undermined. This study analyses the challenges faced by women cocoa farmers in the context of land ownership and how they are influenced by social and demographic factors. We focus on ownership including sole ownership. The study, conducted in seven communities across the Ashanti and Western North regions of Ghana, comprises 160 females and 40 males. Results indicate that ownership of cocoa plots, in general, is mostly male dominated, but when female farmers make farmland decisions, they are likely to be sole owners. Marital status and the mode of acquiring lands are very important factors that dictate ownership and sole ownership of land. While the results show the importance of land as a resource that can enhance women's agricultural productivity, it also highlights that policies to reduce gender inequality in agriculture by advancing land rights are needed.
Microbiological aspects of sewage odor problems in the urban environment - a review
Authors: Felföldi Tamás 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGrowing human population and increasing urbanization call for the need for proper wastewater treatment to reduce environmental pollution and reduce the excess use of natural resources. During the collection of municipal wastewater, the rapid aerobic respiration often causes oxygen depletion and anaerobic conditions in the sewer system resulting in the production of malodorous compounds. The odor problems may lead to public complaints, or in the case of the sewage workers the released volatile compounds even cause serious health hazards. Therefore, microbes have a dual contribution in the urban water cycle, since they have a decisive role in wastewater treatment and the removal of pollutants, but they can also cause problems in the artificial environment. In this review, I would like to summarize the processes underlying the generation of the bad smell associated with sewage and wastewater or with the collection and treatment infrastructure, tracking the way from the households to the plants, including the discussion of processes and possible mitigation related to the released hydrogen sulfide, volatile organics and other compounds.
Fast Algorithms for Computing Fixed-Length Round Trips in Real-World Street Networks
Authors: Lewis Rhyd , Corcoran Padraig 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes and evaluates algorithms for calculating round trips of a prescribed length on directed street networks. This problem has several real-world applications, such as designing jogging routes and cycling tours. In this work, we focus specifically on methods that avoid the need to download, process, and store large map databases. At the same time, we aim for our methods to be fast, accurate, and capable of handling a wide range of prescribed distances, from just a few meters to many kilometres. To achieve this, our overall strategy involves using a small number of calls to a suitable online mapping service to collect relevant structural information for the problem at hand. All remaining computations are then performed locally on the client. Empirically, we demonstrate that our suggested techniques outperform existing open-source algorithms in terms of both accuracy and runtime requirements. Our most successful approach is based on multi-objective local search, utilizing specialized neighbourhood operators that exploit the underlying graph-theoretical properties of this problem, resulting in runtimes of around 2–3 s on a typical desktop computer.