bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualizing the Structure and Dynamics of Transition Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts Using Synchrotron X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Cheng Wen , Fan Peng , Jin Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs the global energy structure evolves and clean energy technologies advance, electrocatalysis has become a focal point as a critical conversion pathway in the new energy sector. Transitional metal electrocatalysts (TMEs) with their distinctive electronic structures and redox properties show great potential in electrocatalytic reactions. However, complex reaction mechanisms and kinetic limitations hinder the improvement of energy conversion efficiency, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive studies on structure and performance of electrocatalysts. X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectra stand out as a robust tool for examining the electrocatalyst′s structures and performance due to its atomic selectivity and sensitivity to local environments. This review delves into the application of XAFS technology in characterizing TMEs, providing in‐depth analyses of X‐ray Absorption Near‐Edge Structure (XANES) spectra, and Extended XAFS (EXAFS) spectra in both R‐space and k‐space. These analyses reveal intrinsic structural information, electronic interactions, catalyst stability, and aggregation morphology. Furthermore, the paper examines advancements in in‐situ XAFS techniques for real‐time monitoring of active site changes, capturing critical intermediate and transitional states, and elucidating the evolution of active species during electrocatalytic reactions. These insights deepen our understanding on structure‐activity relationship of electrocatalysts and offer valuable guidance for designing and developing highly active and stable electrocatalysts.
A compact quad element MIMO CPW fed ultra‐wideband antenna for future wireless communication using machine learning optimization
Authors: Rai Jayant Kumar , Yadav Swati , Ranjan Pinku , Chowdhury Rakesh , Das Gourab 
Published: September 2024

SummaryIn this article, a compact quad element coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed ultra‐wideband (UWB) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna for future generation wireless communication system using a machine learning (ML) optimization approach is presented. The proposed antenna is used for 5G new radio (n46/n77/n47/n78/n48/n79), Wi‐Fi 5, Wi‐Fi 6, and dedicated short range communications (DSRC) services, vehicle to infrastructure (V2I), vehicle to vehicle (V2V), and vehicle to network (V2N) in the entire operating frequency band. It is operating from 3.2 to 11.85 GHz. The bandwidth is 8.65 GHz, and the percentage of impedance bandwidth is 115%. The comparative analysis between dual and quad elements are presented. It is optimized through the various ML model K‐nearest neighbor (KNN), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), artificial neural network (ANN), and random forest (RF). The KNN ML model achieved a higher accuracy of 93%, and it accurately predicted the S parameters of the suggested UWB antenna. The MIMO parameters are calculated and found within the acceptable limits. There is a strong correlation between the simulated and measured results. Hence, the suggested antenna is a suitable candidate for future wireless communication systems.
Comparative analysis reveals assortative mate preferences in darters independent of sympatry and sex
Authors: Héjja‐Brichard Yseult , Renoult Julien P. , Mendelson Tamra C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA preference for mating with conspecifics over heterospecifics is fundamental to the maintenance of species diversity in sexually reproducing organisms. This type of positive assortative preference results in sexual isolation, and a reduction in gene flow between species due to differences in mate choice. The proximate and ultimate causes of sexual isolation therefore constitute active areas of research in evolutionary biology. Sexual isolation is often stronger between closely related sympatric species as compared to allopatric species because of processes such as reinforcement. In addition, traditional theories of sexual selection suggest that because reproduction is more costly to females, they should be the choosier sex and play a more central role in sexual isolation. We conducted a comparative analysis of assortative mate preferences in males and females of sympatric and allopatric species pairs of darters (fish genus Etheostoma). We performed a meta‐analysis of 17 studies, encompassing 21 species, in which assortative preference was measured when fish were (in most cases) allowed only visual information. As expected, we found stronger preferences for conspecifics over heterospecifics across studies and species. However, we did not find an effect of sympatry or sex on the strength of preference for conspecifics, but rather remarkable variation across species. We offer several testable hypotheses to explain the variation we observed in the strength of assortative preference.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi and the nitrogen economy of Nothofagus in southern Patagonia
Authors: Truong Camille , Gabbarini Luciano A. , Moretto Alicia , Escobar Julio M. , Smith Matthew E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSubantarctic Nothofagus forests are the southernmost forests in the world, with negligible atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Most paradigms about the role of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi in N cycling and plant N uptake at high latitudes have been tested in boreal coniferous forests, while in the southern hemisphere, ECM hosts are primarily angiosperms. Using ITS1 meta‐barcoding, we characterized ECM and saprotrophic fungal communities in evergreen and deciduous Nothofagus forests forming monodominant and mixed stands in the archipelago of Tierra del Fuego (Chile and Argentina). We assessed the N economy of Nothofagus by correlating host species with fungal relative abundances, edaphic variables, net N mineralization, microbial biomass N and the activity of eight extracellular soil enzymes activities. The N economy of deciduous N. pumilio forests was strikingly similar to boreal coniferous forests, with the lowest inorganic N availability and net N mineralization, in correlation to higher relative abundances of ECM fungi with enzymatic capacity for organic N mobilization (genus Cortinarius). In contrast, the N economy of evergreen N. betuloides forests was predominantly inorganic and correlated with ECM lineages from the family Clavulinaceae, in acidic soils with poor drainage. Grassy understory vegetation in deciduous N. antarctica forests likely promoted saprotrophic fungi (i.e., genus Mortierella) in correlation with higher activities of carbon‐degrading enzymes. Differences between Nothofagus hosts did not persist in mixed forests, illustrating the range of soil fertility of these ECM angiosperms and the underlying effects of soil and climate on Nothofagus distribution and N cycling in southern Patagonia.
Hidden gems: Scattered knowledge hampered freshwater jellyfish research over the past one‐and‐a‐half centuries
Authors: Lüskow Florian , Bezio Nicholas , Caputo Luciano , Chi Xupeng , Dumont Henri J. , Karunarathne Krishan D. , López‐González Pablo J. , Mańko Maciej K. , Marchessaux Guillaume , Suzuki Kentaro S. , Pakhomov Evgeny A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFreshwater jellyfish (= limnic medusa‐budding hydrozoans, FWJ) are a small group of cnidarians found on all continents except Antarctica in temperate to tropical latitudes. Members of this group belong primarily to three genera: Astrohydra, Craspedacusta, and Limnocnida. While Astrohydra and Limnocnida are typically restricted to the islands of Japan, Africa, and the Indian subcontinent, one species or potential species complex, Craspedacusta sowerbii, became globally invasive. Despite research going back about one‐and‐a‐half centuries, little is known about their phylogeny and ecology compared to marine jellyfish. Recent species distribution modelling, however, showed that by 2050, C. sowerbii will potentially extend their distribution ranges due to global warming to high‐latitude ecosystems and be present (medusa stage) for an extended time in the seasonal limnic production cycle. An increase in their relative ecological importance with temporal and spatial spreading is hypothesised. Only recently, it has been shown that the trophic roles of polyps and medusae and their prey overlap with other ecosystem members. In addition, medusa behaviour may cause trophic cascades and alter vertical nutrient distributions. However, polyps and other benthic life cycle stages are understudied. In globally, changing freshwater ecosystems that may become more accommodating for FWJ, an improved understanding of their population biology and ecosystem ecology is urgently needed. In this integrative review, we, therefore, explore reasons for the hampered historical research progress, contrast developments with those of marine cnidarians, compile and publish alongside an extensive and unprecedented literature database, and formulate avenues for future directions in FWJ research.
Device‐therapy in chronic heart failure: Cardiac contractility modulation versus cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Yuecel Goekhan , Gaasch Leo , Kodeih Abbass , Hetjens Svetlana , Yazdani Babak , Pfleger Stefan , Duerschmied Daniel , Abraham William T. , Akin Ibrahim , Kuschyk Juergen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsCardiac implantable electrical devices such as cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT‐Ds) or cardiac contractility modulation (CCMs) are therapy options for patients with symptomatic heart failure (HF) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) despite optimal medical treatment. As yet, a comparison between both devices has not been performed.Methods and resultsThe Mannheim Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Registry (MARACANA) and the Mannheim Cardiac Contractility Modulation Observational Study (MAINTAINED) included all patients who received CRTs or CCMs in our medical centre between 2012 and 2021. For the present analysis, we retrospectively compared patients provided with either CRT‐Ds (n = 220) or CCMs with additional defibrillators (n = 105) regarding New York Heart Association classification (NYHA), LVEF, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), QRS‐width and other HF modification aspects after 12 months. Before implantation, CCM patients presented with lower LVEF (23.6 ± 6.2 vs. 26.3 ± 6.5%) and worse NYHA (3.03 ± 0.47 vs. 2.81 ± 0.48, both P < 0.05), compared with CRT‐D patients. Follow‐up improvements in NYHA (2.43 ± 0.67 vs. 2.28 ± 0.72), LVEF (30.5 ± 10.7 vs. 35.2 ± 10.5%) and TAPSE (17.2 ± 5.2 vs. 17.1 ± 4.8 to 18.9 ± 3.4 vs. 17.3 ± 3.6 mm, each P < 0.05) were comparable. The intrinsic QRS‐width was stable with CCM (109.1 ± 18 vs. 111.7 ± 19.7 ms, P > 0.05), while the paced QRS‐width with CRT‐D after 12 months was lower than intrinsic values at baseline (157.5 ± 16.5 vs. 139.2 ± 16 ms, P < 0.05). HF hospitalizations occurred more often for CCM than CRT‐D patients (45.7 vs. 16.8%/patient years, odds ratio 4.2, P < 0.001).ConclusionsChronic heart failure patients could experience comparable 12‐month improvements in functional status and ventricular reverse remodelling, with appropriately implanted CCMs and CRT‐Ds. Differences in HF hospitalization rates may be due to the more advanced HF of CCM patients at implantation.
Liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells undergo apoptosis in murine models of macrophage activation syndrome and are dispensable for disease
Authors: De Visscher Amber , Vandeput Marte , Vandenhaute Jessica , Malengier‐Devlies Bert , Bernaerts Eline , Ahmadzadeh Kourosh , Filtjens Jessica , Mitera Tania , Berghmans Nele , Van den Steen Philippe E. , Friedrich Christin , Gasteiger Georg , Wouters Carine , Matthys Patrick 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMacrophage activation syndrome (MAS) exemplifies a severe cytokine storm disorder with liver inflammation. In the liver, classical natural killer (cNK) cells and liver‐resident type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) dominate the ILC population. Thus far, research has primarily focused on the corresponding role of cNK cells. Considering the liver inflammation and cytokine storm in MAS, liver‐resident ILC1s represent an interesting population to explore due to their rapid cytokine production upon environmental triggers. By utilizing a Toll‐like receptor (TLR)9‐ and TLR3:4‐triggered MAS model, we showed that ILC1s highly produce IFN‐γ and TNF‐α. However, activated ILC1s undergo apoptosis and are strongly reduced in numbers, while cNK cells resist inflammation‐induced apoptosis. Signs of mitochondrial stress suggest that this ILC1 apoptosis may be driven by inflammation‐induced mitochondrial impairment. To study whether early induction of highly cytokine‐producing ILC1s influences MAS development, we used Hobit KO mice due to their paucity of liver ILC1s but unaffected cNK cell numbers. Nevertheless, neither the severity of MAS features nor the total inflammatory cytokine levels were affected in these Hobit KO mice, indicating that ILC1s are dispensable for MAS pathogenesis. Collectively, our data demonstrate that ILC1s undergo apoptosis during TLR‐triggering and are dispensable for MAS pathogenesis.
Influence of η1‐Acetylide Ligands on the Spin State and Catalytic Activity of Iron(II) PNP Pincer Complexes
Authors: Eder Wolfgang , Stöger Berthold , Kirchner Karl , Gorgas Nikolaus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHere, we report the preparation, structures and reactivity of iron(II) PNP pincer complexes bearing one, two or three η1‐acetylide ligands bound to the metal center. The described complexes are accessible through the reaction of either one, two or ≥3 equivalent of LiCCR (R=SiMe3, Ph) with the dibromide complex [Fe(PNP)Br2] (1). Through increasing the number of η1‐acetylides the overall ligand field strength can be modulated resulting in S=2, S=1 and S=0 spin states for mono‐, bis‐ and tris‐acetylated complexes, respectively. These findings are supported by DFT calculations on the spin state spitting in these complexes and appear to affect their binding affinity towards additional co‐ligands. The Fe(II) mono‐, bis‐ and tris‐acetylides were tested as catalyst in the catalytic dimerization of terminal alkynes. These test reactions revealed that only the bis‐acetylated complexes are catalytically competent while mono‐acetylated species are inactive. The tris‐acetylated complexes were found to be off‐cycle intermediates in the presence of lithium acetylides.
Comprehensive study of vortices interaction and blades height effect in a Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine with J‐type blades
Authors: Farzadi Ramin , Gharapetian Derrick , Bazargan Majid 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is a growing demand to improve the performance of vertical axis wind turbines to facilitate their commercialization for application in urban areas. This study utilizes a 3D numerical analysis to examine the influence of different vortices generated on turbine efficiency with straight and J‐type blades. The numerical simulation of this study employs the Reynolds‐Averaged Navier–Stokes equations and ‎sliding ‎mesh techniques ‎to more accurately model the rotational motion of blades about the turbine axis in relation to the ‎wind. Comparing the output ‎torque and the flow field at different span‐wise sections, the J‐type blades achieve better ‎performance at mid‐spans where the effect of stall vortices is dominant. Conversely, the lower ‎performance of J‐type blades is seen at tip spans due to stronger tip vortices. Investigations also ‎reveal the criticality of the downwind region on the overall performance at high tip speed ratios. It is observed that by ‎increasing the height, the tip vortices are limited to the tip sections, and stall vortices expand further ‎along the blade. At TSR = 1, the improvement by J‐type blades rises from 10% at a height of 0.8 m to 44% ‎at 3 m. The growth in height at lower wind speeds becomes more beneficial. Compared to the straight blades, the self‐starting ‎generated torque by J‐type blades for heights of 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 m, are improved by 15.6%, ‎‎26.9%, and 34.7%, respectively. Overall, it is concluded that by increasing the blade height, the superiority ‎of the J‐type blade becomes more noticeable as the blade mainly contributes to suppressing the stall ‎vortices effect where the tip vortices effect is not presented. ‎
Enhancing lutein stability and bioaccessibility with high internal phase emulsions stabilized by octenylsuccinylated starch
Authors: Zhang Yanqi , Li Songnan , Feng Jiannan , Binkley Lauren , Tan Libo , Kong Lingyan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLutein possesses antioxidant properties and is a main component of the macular pigment, vital for infant eye and brain development. However, its use is constrained by its poor aqueous solubility and low stability. High internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) are valued in food development for encapsulating and protecting hydrophobic nutraceuticals. The objective of this study is to improve lutein's stability and bioaccessibility using HIPEs stabilized by biopolymer octenylsuccinylated starch (OSS). Three types of commercial OSS, including CAPSUL TA (CTA), HI‐CAP 100 (HC), and Purity Gum 2000, were tested for their emulsification properties in forming lutein HIPEs. Lutein HIPEs stabilized by 15%–25% CTA and 15%–30% HC had no phase separation and were selected for subsequent testing. After 21 days of storage at room temperature, lutein HIPEs showed higher lutein retention compared to free lutein. Lutein HIPEs stabilized with higher emulsifier concentrations (25% CTA and 30% HC) exhibited greater droplet diameter stability than those with lower concentrations. Additionally, lutein HIPEs significantly enhanced lutein retention under UV exposure and thermal stress. The in vitro bioaccessibility of lutein was highest in the HIPE stabilized by 20% CTA, reaching 54.36%. In conclusion, lutein HIPEs stabilized by 20% CTA demonstrated superior lutein stability and bioaccessibility, showing significant potential as an effective lutein delivery system.
Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic bioactive compounds from edible traditional Chinese medicines and their action of mechanisms explored by multitarget affinity ultrafiltration with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Hua Xiaowen , Xu Mengjia , Yang Ming , Zhang Yingying , Ma Jianke , Cheng Li , Chu Chu , Wu Zimiao , Guo Mingquan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEdible traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have a long‐standing history in tackling obesity, diabetes, and metabolic diseases, which, in turn, significantly promotes the exploration of functional food products derived from edible TCMs with lower toxicity and reduced side effects. However, most of bioactive components from TCMs and their mechanisms in regulating blood glucose and lipids remain elusive, which poses a challenge for the development of safer and more effective TCM products. In this context, the development of high‐throughput screening methods has become even more important for the identification of active components and the in‐depth evaluation of hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this work provides an overview of edible TCMs for managing glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and summarizes the most recent progresses in identifying hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic bioactive compounds in edible TCMs through various screening methods. One significant approach involves the utilization of multitarget‐based ultrafiltration liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. This technique enables the concurrent screening and identification of potential pharmacodynamically active components in TCMs, as well as the investigation of their mechanisms of action. The bioactive compounds identified may serve as crucial active agents in reducing blood glucose and lipids, exhibiting promising potential for incorporation into functional foods or natural health products.
Electric feels: The role of visual methods in energy ‘futuring’
Authors: Bourne Joe , Collver Jordan , Hart Mary Flora , Michalec Ola , Nasr Aude , Ormian Lizzie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract‘How would you feel about computers telling you how to save energy?’—was just one of many questions we asked our participants engaging with four artworks commissioned for the 'Electric Feels' project. In this paper, we tell our story of this unique art‐research collaboration, share our illustrations and reflect on the power of visual methods to galvanise a new type of public conversation related to emotions, energy and digital innovation. By bringing together the literature from design research, STS and human geography, we intend to lay a path towards further interdisciplinary conversations. This commentary paper makes a case for collective energy ‘futuring’—embracing the role of affect, speculation and imagination, while moving away from the deficit model of public engagement in science.
CYLD Alterations Are Associated With Metastasis and Poor Prognosis in Human Papilloma Virus‐Positive Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Cui Zhibin , Kang Hyunseok , Li Hua , Lee Eliot D. , Lee Yoon Se , Peterson Christopher N. , Long Steven R. , Grandis Jennifer R. , Johnson Daniel E. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHuman papilloma virus (HPV)‐associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an emerging epidemic and a subset of HPV‐positive patients experience aggressive disease with metastases. The CYLD gene is frequently altered in HPV‐positive HNSCC, but the role of these alterations in disease progression is poorly understood.MethodsWe identified 11 HPV‐positive HNSCC patients with CYLD alterations and assessed their clinical course. We also characterized a unique, HPV‐positive, metastatic, HNSCC patient‐derived xenograft (PDX).ResultsAll 11 patients developed metastasis with reduced overall survival when compared with metastatic HPV‐positive patients with wild‐type CYLD. The metastatic PDX harbored a CYLD mutation (S371*) and exhibited reduced expression of connexin 43, a potentially antimetastatic protein. We also investigated the functional impact of the S371* mutation, as well as 2 CYLD mutations from our 11‐patient cohort.ConclusionOur findings indicate that alterations in CYLD in HPV‐positive HNSCC are associated with metastasis and poor prognosis.