bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pentylenetetrazole‐Induced Seizures Cause Short‐Term Changes in the Phenotype of Microglial and Astroglial Cells in the Hippocampus and Temporal Cortex of Young Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Zakharova Maria V. , Kovalenko Anna A. , Zubareva Olga E. , Schwarz Alexander P. , Postnikova Tatiana Y. , Trofimova Alina M. , Zaitsev Aleksey V. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAstrocytes and microglia can adopt two distinct phenotypes in various pathological processes: neurotoxic A1/M1 and neuroprotective A2/M2. Recent evidence suggests that these cells play a significant role in epileptogenesis. The objective of this study was to characterize the phenotype of astrocytes and microglial cells in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of young male Wistar rats at 3 h, 1, 3, and 7 days after pentylenetetrazole‐induced seizures. RT‐qPCR was employed to examine the expression of glial genes (Gfap, Aif1, Slc1a1, Slc1a2, Slc1a3, Itpr2, Gdnf, Bdnf, Fgf2, Tgfb, Il1b, Tnf, Il1rn, Lcn2, S100a10, Nlrp3, Arg1). The most notable alterations in the expression of glial genes were observed on the first day following seizures in the temporal cortex. An increase in the expression of the Gfap, Slc1a2, Slc1a1, Il1b, Tnfa, Bdnf, and Fgf2 genes, and the A2 astrocyte condition marker S100a10, was observed. An increase in the expression of the Gfap and Slc1a2 genes was observed in the hippocampus on the first day after seizures. However, in contrast to the changes observed in the cortex, the changes in the hippocampus were opposite for the Il1rn, Bdnf, Tgfb, and Arg1 genes. Nevertheless, the alterations in GFAP and EAAT2 protein levels were not corroborated by Western blot analysis. Conversely, a more comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis confirmed an augmentation in the number of GFAP‐positive cells in the hippocampus 1 day after seizures. Based on the presented evidence, we can conclude that a single convulsive seizure episode in 3‐week‐old rats results in transient astroglial activation and polarization to a neuroprotective phenotype (A2).
Variations and comparisons in hourly and daily precipitation extremes over eastern China in recent warming periods
Authors: Qi Yimeng , Huang Danqing , Chen Jiao , Zeng Jinwen , Liu Anqi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnder global warming, a notable intensification of precipitation extremes has posed significant threats to both natural ecosystems and human societies. However, there is still a lack of systematic studies on the variability of hourly precipitation extremes and a comparison with daily precipitation extremes. This study introduces a set of indices for hourly and daily precipitation extremes to systematically examine the changes across eastern China during the summers from 1980 to 2020. The results show that southern China is the sensitive regions with a notable large value of climatology in frequency and intensity for both of hourly and daily precipitation extremes. For the trends, the frequency of hourly precipitation extremes shows a rising trend in southern China, and intensity increased in northern China. Conversely, for daily precipitation extremes, the enhanced intensity and frequency are observed only in southeastern China. Additionally, the eastern coastal area experiences prolonged hourly rainfall with increasing persistence, while the region with an increased duration of daily precipitation is situated further south. Comparing the periods 1980–1999 and 2000–2020, precipitation extremes shift toward more intense and more frequent, with more pronounced variations at the hourly scale. Notably, northeastern China tend to be more intense and shorter‐lived hourly precipitation extremes after 1999, while south China experiences more frequent and longer‐lasting extremes. These changes are partly attributed to the increased unstable conditions, enhanced convective available potential energy and weakened convective inhibition.
Dissecting changes in evapotranspiration and its components across the Losses Plateau of China during 2001–2020
Authors: Sun Shanlei , Ma Aoge , Liu Yibo , Mu Menyuan , Liu Yi , Zhou Yang , Li Jinjian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChina's Losses Plateau (LP) is one of the ecologically vulnerable and the most severe soil erosion regions. Thus, knowing spatiotemporal changes in evapotranspiration (ET) and its components (soil evaporation, E; transpiration, T; and vegetation interception evaporation, EI) and revealing the underlying mechanisms are vital for ecosystem and water resources sustainability for this region. Here, we investigate the spatiotemporal changes in ET and its components and then quantify the impacts of climate variables (i.e., precipitation, radiation, temperature, and relative humidity) and vegetation dynamics (e.g., land use/cover changes [LUCC] and changes in leaf area index [LAI]) on their annual trends, by using a process‐based terrestrial ecosystem model and a joint‐solution method with multiple sensitivity numerical experiments. Results show that over 67% of the study region experienced significant (p < 0.05) increases in annual ET, T, and EI, with regional average rises of 4.05, 3.67, and 0.74 mm·year−1, respectively. However, there are significant (p < 0.05) decreases in regional mean E of 0.38 mm·year−1, and the negative trend covers 35.8% of the study area. E, T, and EI changes dominate the annual ET trends over 11.8%, 87.3%, and 0.9% of the study area, respectively. Attribution analyses highlight the increased LAI as the critical factor governing these trends across most of the LP (>58%). At the same time, precipitation and LUCC play a more dominant role in the remaining areas. This study emphasizes the spatial heterogeneity in the drivers of changes in ET and its components and highlights the critical role of vegetation dynamics. These findings provide valuable insights for understanding the ET processes and guiding sustainable water resource management in the LP.
Evaluation of subseasonal precipitation forecasts in the Uruguay River basin
Authors: Badagian Juan , Barreiro Marcelo , Saurral Ramiro I. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe development of subseasonal forecasts has seen significant advancements, transforming our ability to predict weather patterns and climate variability on intermediate timescales ranging from 2 weeks to 2 months. Motivated by the need to enhance our understanding of subseasonal precipitation forecasts and their applicability to the hydrology forecast, this study retrospectively analysed precipitation ensemble forecasts from subseasonal prediction models in the Uruguay River basin nearby Salto Grande dam. Three models were considered: two from the S2S project (ECMWF and CNRM) and one from the SubX project (GEFS). Model forecasts were analysed on a weekly time scale using both deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Multimodel probabilistic forecasts combining the three different models were built to increase forecast skill. Individual models have a skill larger than or equal to the climatological forecast until 2 weeks in advance. Particularly, ECMWF shows better skill in both ensemble mean and probabilistic forecast. Multimodel probabilistic forecast improves the skill of the forecast throughout the year, with the skill even surpassing the climatological forecast by up to 4 weeks in advance during the summer. In addition, model skill was analysed considering the state of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on a weekly and monthly basis. On weekly time scales the ENSO state modifies model skill differently depending on the sub‐basin and season considered. However, the influence of ENSO on forecast skill is more clearly observed on monthly time scales, with largest improvement in the lower basin during springtime. The results of this work suggest that subseasonal models are a promising tool to bridge the gap between weather and climate forecast in the Uruguay River basin and have the potential to be utilized for hydrological forecasting in the study region.
Experimental study on the effect of formulation and hydrodynamic variables on non‐aqueous foams stability
Authors: Cova‐Bonillo Alexis , Patino‐Camino Rayda , Danglad‐Flores José , Linero Guillermo , Marfisi Valladares Shirley 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the factors affecting the foamability and stability of non‐aqueous foams. The researchers systematically varied the formulation (surfactant and alcohol type and concentration) and flow parameters (viscosity and gas flow rate). A custom setup with an 80 cm temperature‐controlled glass column was used for foam generation. Among the tested non‐ionic surfactants type sorbitan esters, the Span 80 (liquid W/O emulsifier and O/W emulsion stabilizer) produced the most voluminous foams. Interestingly, increasing surfactant concentration improved foamability but decreased foam stability. Similar trends were observed with the oil fraction and temperature (which affects viscosity). Higher viscosity led to more stable but less foamy structures. The study also explored the effect of different alcohols (ethanol to n‐decanol) at varying flow rates. While all alcohols generated some foam at lower flow rates (200 mL/min N2), the effect diminished at higher flow rates. Additionally, foam stability and volume decreased with longer alcohol chains. These findings provide valuable insights into the interplay between formulation, flow conditions, and the resulting stability of non‐aqueous foams.
Thermo‐Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Dispersive Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction for Preconcentration of Phthalate Esters in Water Samples and Determination by Gas Chromatography With Flame Ionization Detection
Authors: Abdi Khosrou , Ezoddin Maryam , Novasari Venous , Lamei Navid 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTA thermo‐assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was developed for the analysis of five phthalate esters in different water samples. In the procedure involved, a DES composed of lidocaine, an amphiphilic amine, and oleic acid, was mixed with the sample assisted by ultrasound, and phase separation was achieved with increasing temperature. The heating of the extraction system induced the change of acid‐base properties of the DES components. Thus, the formation of microdroplets of DES in the sample was provided, and two phases were separated. The structure of the upper hydrophobic layer was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Also, the amount of water in the DES phase was analyzed by mass spectrometer and Karl Fischer titration. Some critical variables on the extraction yield were assessed. The proposed method achieved 1.2–1.3 and 4.1–4.3 µg/L for limits of detection and limits of quantification, respectively. The intra‐day and inter‐day percentage relative standard deviations (n = 5) were determined to be in the range of 4.2–6.2% and 5.1–7.2%, respectively. Ultimately, this method analyzed the five phthalate esters in different water samples with high recoveries.
Boric Acid Functionalized Hypercrosslinked Polymers for Selective Extraction of Trace Catecholamines and Their Metabolites in Rat Serum
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Yang Cheng , Zhao Di , Zhao Yuanqing , Li Lixin , Li Zhonghua , Zhang Zhenqiang , Hu Kai 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAbnormal levels of catecholamine (CA) neurotransmitters and their metabolites in biological fluids can lead to various neurological disorders. Herein, a boric acid‐functionalized hypercrosslinked polymer was prepared and utilized as a sorbent for the dispersive solid‐phase extraction of CAs and their metabolites in rat serum. By combination with a high‐performance liquid chromatography‐fluorescence detector, the extraction parameters for the seven target analytes were optimized. Under the optimal extraction condition, the methodology for the quantitative analysis of CAs and their metabolites in rat serum samples was established. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were found to be in the ranges of 0.010–0.015 and 0.033–0.050 ng/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated satisfactory recoveries, with values ranging from 88.02% to 113.27%, accompanied by relative standard deviations within the range of 2.69%–9.59%. In addition, the method showed good anti‐interference ability (matrix effect ranged from 2.64% to 18.07%). The developed method was validated for the determination of CAs and their metabolites in normal and Alzheimer's disease model rats’ serum, which proved the promising application of the method for CAs neurotransmitter analysis in biological samples.
Advancements in Multiple‐Step On‐Line Preconcentration Techniques for Enhanced Sensitivity in Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Abdul Keyon Aemi Syazwani , Ng NyukTing , Breadmore Michael Charles 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMultiple‐step on‐line preconcentration, a combination of at least two stacking techniques has been developed to increase the sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis (CE) for analytes in various samples. It is usually conducted sequentially, or in some cases, synergistically, where different stacking modes occur simultaneously. Multiple‐step techniques allow simultaneous preconcentration and separation of various kinds of analytes in different complex samples in a single CE run. This review aims to provide recent advances in multiple‐step on‐line preconcentration techniques in CE. We critically review technical papers published for the last 7 years up until July 2024, subsequently organized according to the combination of the main stacking techniques, that is, field amplification, large volume sample stacking, transient isotachophoresis, micelle to solvent or micelle to cyclodextrin stacking, and others. The procedures, fundamental mechanism, analytical figures of merits achieved, and their feasibility for complicated sample matrices are reviewed.
Does Total Turbinectomy Always Lead to Empty Nose Syndrome? A Computational Virtual Surgery Study
Authors: Odeh Ahmad , Wen Raymond , Wu Zhenxing , Schneller Aspen R. , Root Zachary T. , Hittle Bradley , Wiet Gregory J. , Otto Bradley A , Kelly Kathleen M , Zhao Kai 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionComputational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling has previously indicated that distorted nasal airflow patterns may contribute to empty nose syndrome (ENS); however, no data show that aggressive turbinate surgery always leads to ENS. We aim to use virtual surgery planning (VSP) to investigate how a total inferior turbinectomy affects airflow parameters compared with ENS patients.MethodsWe retrospectively recruited six nasal obstruction patients who underwent turbinate reduction surgery. We virtually performed total inferior turbinectomy on these patients to compare CFD modeling results to patients' actual surgical outcomes and to that of a previously collected ENS patient cohort (n = 27).ResultsPatients' actual surgery outcomes were excellent, with Nasal–Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score (pre: 72.5 ± 13.2 vs post‐surgery: 10.8 ± 9.8, p < 0.001) and unilateral visual analog scale (VAS) scores of nasal obstruction (pre: 6 ± 2.56 vs post‐surgery: 1.2 ± 1, p < 0.001) improved and was statistically significant. The virtual turbinectomy does not create the same distorted nasal airflow patterns as seen in ENS patients, with no statistically significant difference in nasal resistance as compared with post‐actual surgery (virtual turbinectomy: 0.10 ± 0.03 Pa/mL*s; actual surgery: 0.12 ± 0.04 Pa/mL*s; ENS: 0.11 ± 0.04, p > 0.05) nor in regional wall shear force distribution, an important indicator of air/mucosa stimulation (inferior turbinate WSF%: virtual 47.3% ± 11.3% vs actual 51.5% ± 15.1%, p > 0.05); however, both are statistically significant higher than that of ENS patients (WSF: 32.2% ± 12.5%, p < 0.001), despite ENS cohort having wider inferior airway cross‐sectional area (CSA) than actual surgeries.ConclusionEmpty nose syndrome is likely a multifactorial disease process that cannot be solely attributed to aggressive turbinate reduction surgery.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 135:562–569, 2025
Optical Genome Mapping Identifies a Second Xq27.1 Rearrangement Associated With Charcot–Marie–Tooth Neuropathy CMTX3
Authors: Rahikkala Elisa , Komulainen‐Ebrahim Jonna , Tolonen Jussi‐Pekka , Vorimo Sandra , Suo‐Palosaari Maria , Vieira Päivi , Piispala Johanna , Uusimaa Johanna , Pylkäs Katri , Mantere Tuomo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundX‐linked recessive type 3 Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMTX3) is a rare subtype of childhood‐onset CMT. To date, all reported CMTX3 patients share a common founder 78 kb insertion from chromosome 8 into the Xq27.1 palindrome region.MethodsWe conducted patient–parent trio optical genome mapping (OGM) on a male patient presenting with clinically diagnosed Dejerine–Sottas disease for whom initial standard diagnostic genetic tests, including whole‐genome sequencing (WGS), yielded negative results.ResultsOGM analysis revealed a maternally inherited interchromosomal insertion from chromosome region 7q31.1 into Xq27.1. Coupled with manual reassessment of WGS data, this confirmed the molecular diagnosis of atypical CMTX3 and showed that the 122.4 kb inserted fragment contained DLD and partially LAMB1. Subsequent analyses confirmed that the rearrangement had arisen de novo in the proband's mother.ConclusionWe report the second Xq27.1 rearrangement associated with CMTX3, providing novel clinical insights into its phenotypic and genotypic spectrum. Our findings highlight the importance of including genomic rearrangement analysis of Xq27.1 in standard diagnostic pipelines for childhood‐onset CMT. Given the overlap in polyneuropathy phenotypes resulting from insertions from chromosomes 7 and 8 into the same Xq27.1 palindrome region, the pathogenic mechanism underlying peripheral neuropathy in CMTX3 likely involves dysregulation of genes within this region.
A novel UWB in‐body printed microstrip feed monopole antenna with dual band‐stop capabilities
Authors: Abdollahvand Mousa , Zehforoosh Yashar , Marufi Banafsheh , Kaleybar P. Esmailzadeh , Dastranj Aliakbar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an innovative and condensed blueprint for an ultra‐wideband (UWB) printed monopole antenna, aiming to augment bandwidth and achieve dual band‐stop capabilities, all while accounting for the impact of the human body model on stop bands. The proposed design showcases a square radiating patch situated on the top layer of the substrate, complemented by a ground plane etched on the underside, integrating two sets of adapted U‐shaped slots. Such a configuration delivers a broad operational fractional bandwidth that surpasses 132%. Within our design, a modified C‐shaped slot in the radiation patch creates the first band‐stop property, while a pair of modified F‐shaped slots etched in the radiation patch generates the second stop‐band property. Measuring 12 mm × 18 mm × 0.8 mm, the antenna offers a compact form factor, broad bandwidth, cost‐effectiveness, omnidirectional radiation patterns within the H‐plane and acceptable behavior for using in In‐body microwave applications.
Investigating the jamming effect of HPM with different frequencies on SDR
Authors: Zhang Mingwen , Ma Chunguang , Huang Jiawei , Song Ruilong , Luo Yong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study examines the high‐power microwave (HPM) jamming effect on software‐defined radio (SDR). Following theoretical analysis and formula derivation of the single‐tone jamming, the HPM jamming effect is validated using an SDR platform. Jamming is relatively easily achieved when the jamming signal falls within the communication system's frequency band. For out‐of‐band signals, a higher jamming signal ratio is needed, with the receiving front‐end device's nonlinearity causing the jamming. This study highlights the susceptibility of broadband receivers to HPM jamming, demonstrating that even out‐of‐band threats cannot be disregarded in wideband receiver designs for strong signals such as HPM.
Parental or Trio Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Improve Prenatal Counseling in Brain Anomalies
Authors: Rodó Carlota , Maiz Nerea , Vázquez Élida , Gómez‐Andrés David , Valenzuela Irene , Abulí Anna , Carreras Elena 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess whether targeted magnetic resonance of one or both of the progenitors could refine the diagnosis in cases of fetal brain anomalies with uncertain prognosis.MethodsSingle‐center retrospective case series, where targeted magnetic resonance was performed on one or both of progenitors after a suspicion of fetal complex brain anomalies, and prognosis was unclear based solely on fetal tests (neurosonogram, fetal magnetic resonance, and genetic testing).ResultsSeven women were included. Results were relevant for prenatal counseling in five cases, with a definitive diagnosis in three: one periventricular nodular heterotopia, one mild tubulinopathy, and one dynein‐associated neurodevelopmental disorder. Median gestational age at referral was 28.3 weeks (range, 20.7–34.9). Neurosonogram findings were inconclusive in all cases. Exome sequencing in amniotic fluid was conducted for all cases. Fetal magnetic resonance was performed at a median gestational age of 34.4 weeks (range, 29.3–35.7), confirming ultrasound diagnosis in all cases, and providing substantial additional information in two (2/7, 28.6%). Parental magnetic resonance findings aligned with fetal findings in 5/7 cases (71.4%).ConclusionDUO or TRIO magnetic resonance, involving both progenitors and the fetus, could play a significant role in prenatal diagnosis of selected brain anomalies with uncertain prognosis.
Methods for atmospheric pressure plasma modification of chitosan surface to improve biocompatibility
Authors: Kamalov Almaz , Endiiarova Ekaterina , Osipov Artem , Kolbe Konstantin , Nashchekina Yuliya , Smirnova Natalia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the optimal mode of plasma treatment of chitosan films to increase the proliferative activity of dermal fibroblasts and osteoblasts. For plasma modification of films, a dielectric barrier discharge in a flat electrode system and a plasma jet configuration at atmospheric pressure were used. The structural and chemical changes of chitosan were investigated using atomic force microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle measurement. The optimal time for plasma treatment was determined using an in vitro test, which was found to be 1 min. The data of the MTT test performed on the 4th day of osteoblast cultivation show that when a chitosan sample was treated in plasma jet for 1 min, the proliferative activity of grown osteoblasts increases by 25%. However, the level of proliferative activity of human dermal fibroblasts was 5% higher on the film treated with the plasma jet. Modification by the plasma jet provided a more uniform microrelief, created an optimal contact angle of the polar liquid of 52° and led to an increase in the number of oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐containing groups on the surface.Highlights
Modification of chitosan with DBD and PJ increases cell proliferation.
The optimal contact angle of chitosan is 52° for proliferations of cells.
Treatment of chitosan films with plasma jet is softer than in DBD.