bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ARGLU1 is a Glucocorticoid Receptor Coactivator and Splicing Modulator Important in Stress Hormone Signaling and Brain Development
Authors: Magomedova Lilia , Tiefenbach Jens , Zilberman Emma , Voisin Veronique , Robitaille Melanie , Gueroussov Serge , Irimia Manuel , Ray Debashish , Patel Rucha , Xu ChangJiang , Jeyasuria Pancharatnam , Bader Gary D. , Hughes Timothy R. , Krause Henry , Blencowe Benjamin J. , Angers Stephane , Cummins Carolyn L. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryProlonged exposure to glucocorticoid stress hormones precipitates mood and cognitive disorders. We identified arginine and glutamate rich 1 (ARGLU1) in a screen for new modulators of glucocorticoid signaling in the CNS. Biochemical studies found that the glutamate rich C-terminus coactivates the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the arginine rich N-terminus interacts with splicing factors and RNA. RNA-seq of neuronal cells ±siARGLU1found significant changes in the expression and alternative splicing of distinct genes involved in neurogenesis. Loss of ARGLU1 was embryonic lethal in mice, and knockdown in zebrafish caused neurodevelopmental and heart defects. Treatment with dexamethasone, a GR activator, also induced changes in the pattern of alternatively spliced genes, highlighting an underappreciated global mechanism of glucocorticoid action in neuronal cells. Thus, in addition to its basal role, ARGLU1 links glucocorticoid-mediated transcription and alternative splicing in neural cells, providing new avenues from which to investigate the molecular underpinnings of cognitive stress disorders.
Low-pH induced reversible reorganizations of chloroplast thylakoid membranes - as revealed by small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Ünnep Renáta , Zsiros Ottó , Hörcsik Zsolt , Markó Márton , Jajoo Anjana , Kohlbrecher Joachim , Garab Győző , Nagy Gergely 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEnergization of thylakoid membranes brings about the acidification of the lumenal aqueous phase, which activates important regulatory mechanisms. Earlier Jajoo and coworkers (2014 FEBS Lett. 588:970) have shown that low pH in isolated plant thylakoid membranes induces changes in the excitation energy distribution between the two photosystems. In order to elucidate the structural background of these changes, we used small-angle neutron scattering on thylakoid membranes exposed to low p2H and show that gradually lowering the p2H from 8.0 to 5.0 causes small but well discernible reversible diminishment of the periodic order and the lamellar repeat distance and an increased mosaicity – similar to the effects elicited by light-induced acidification of the lumen. Our data strongly suggest that thylakoids dynamically respond to the membrane energization and actively participate in different regulatory mechanisms.HighlightsThylakoid membranes exposed to low p2H studied by small-angle neutron scatteringAcidification causes reversible shrinkage and diminished lamellar orderSANS changes induced by low pH resemble those due to light-induced lumenal acidificationAbbreviationsNPQnon-photochemical quenchingqEthe energy-dependent component of NPQΔμH+transmembrane electrochemical potential gradientPSIphotosystem IPSIIphotosystem IILETlinear electron transportCDcircular dichroismSANSsmall-angle neutron scatteringqscattering vector or momentumtransferIintensityq*center position of the Bragg peakRDrepeat distanceφazimuthal angleI(φ)angular dependency of the scattering intensityFWHMfull width at half maximum
3-5 Hz membrane potential oscillations decrease the gain of neurons in visual cortex
Authors: Einstein Michael C. , Polack Pierre-Olivier , Golshani Peyman 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTGain modulation is a computational mechanism critical for sensory processing. Yet, the cellular mechanisms that decrease the gain of cortical neurons are unclear. To test if low frequency subthreshold oscillations could reduce neuronal gain during wakefulness, we measured the membrane potential of primary visual cortex (V1) layer 2/3 excitatory, parvalbumin-positive (PV+), and somatostatin-positive (SOM+) neurons in awake mice during passive visual stimulation and sensory discrimination tasks. We found prominent 3-5 Hz membrane potential oscillations that reduced the gain of excitatory neurons but not the gain of PV+ and SOM+ interneurons, which oscillated synchronously with excitatory neurons and fired strongly at the peak of de polarizations. 3-5 Hz oscillation prevalence and timing were strongly modulated by visual input and the animal’s behavior al response, suggesting that these oscillations are triggered to adjust sensory responses for specific behavioral contexts. Therefore, these findings reveal a novel gain reduction mechanism that adapts sensory processing to behavior.
Dynamic representation of time in brain states
Authors: Bueno Fernanda Dantas , Morita Vanessa C. , Camargo Raphael Y. de , Reyes Marcelo B. , Caetano Marcelo S. , Cravo André M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe ability to process time on the scale of milliseconds and seconds is essential for behaviour. A growing number of studies have started to focus on brain dynamics as a mechanism for temporal encoding. Although there is growing evidence in favour of this view from computational andin vitrostudies, there is still a lack of results from experiments in humans. We show that high-dimensional brain states revealed by multivariate pattern analysis of human EEG are correlated to temporal judgements. First, we show that, as participants estimate temporal intervals, the spatiotemporal dynamics of their brain activity are consistent across trials. Second, we present evidence that these dynamics exhibit properties of temporal perception, such as the scalar property. Lastly, we show that it is possible to predict temporal judgements based on brain states. These results show how scalp recordings can reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of human brain activity related to temporal processing.
Gene-culture co-inheritance of a behavioral trait
Authors: Aguilar Elliot G. , Akçay Erol 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHuman behavioral traits are complex phenotypes that result from both genetic and cultural transmission. But different inheritance systems need not favor the same phenotypic outcome. What happens when there are conflicting selection forces in the two domains? To address this question, we derive a Price equation that incorporates both cultural and genetic inheritance of a phenotype where the effects of genes and culture are additive. We then use this equation to investigate whether a genetically maladaptive phenotype can evolve under dual transmission. We examine the special case of altruism using an illustrative model, and show that cultural selection can overcome genetic selection when the variance in culture is sufficiently high with respect to genes. Finally, we show how our basic result can be extended to non-additive effects models. We discuss the implications of our results for understanding the evolution of maladaptive behaviors.
phyC: Clustering cancer evolutionary trees
Authors: Matsui Yusuke , Niida Atsushi , Uchi Ryutaro , Mimori Koshi , Miyano Satoru , Shimamura Teppei 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMotivationMulti-regional sequencing provides new opportunities to investigate genetic heterogeneity within or between common tumors from an evolutionary perspective. Several state-of-the-art methods have been proposed for reconstructing cancer sub-clonal evolutionary trees based on multi-regional sequencing data to develop models of cancer evolution. However, the methods developed thus far are not sufficient to characterize and interpret the diversity of cancer sub-clonal evolutionary trees.ResultsWe propose a clustering method (phyC) for cancer sub-clonal evolutionary trees, in which sub-groups of the trees are identified based on topology and edge length attributes. For interpretation, we also propose a method for evaluating the diversity of trees in the clusters, which provides insight into the acceleration of sub-clonal expansion. Simulation showed that the proposed method can detect true clusters with sufficient accuracy. Application of the method to actual multi-regional sequencing data of clear cell renal carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer allowed for the detection of clusters related to cancer type or phenotype.AvailabilityphyCis implemented with R(>=3.2.2) and is available fromhttps://github.com/ymatts/phyC.Contactymatsui@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Engaging patients in antimicrobial resistance and stewardship
Authors: Popescu Ioana , Neudorf Kim , Kossey Sandi N. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the perspectives of patient advisors (PAs) on the current state of antimicrobial resistance (AR) and stewardship in Canada and identifies next steps, with the goal of stimulating further collaboration for action between leaders and PAs as well as research.

Design/methodology/approach
– The perspectives of PAs were gathered using an electronic online survey of 72 respondents. A search of peer reviewed literature and publicly available reports informed the development of the survey and the articulation of a more comprehensive viewpoint in this paper.

Findings
– PAs view AR as a serious and growing public health threat. They believe sharing the responsibility for infection prevention and control and antimicrobial stewardship will help to control the problem. They see healthcare professionals as the most appropriate stakeholders to influence behaviors associated with appropriate antibiotic use, however, they also see value in public campaigns. Importantly, they identify several opportunities for PA contribution: education of care providers, patients, families, and the public; co-design and development of materials, policies, improvement initiatives, and research; and participation in and promotion of public campaigns.

Practical implications
– Engaging PAs as partners at all system levels is becoming common practice. PAs bring a unique and complementary perspective that could contribute to antimicrobial stewardship efforts.

Originality/value
– This paper begins to bridge a gap between literature and practice, and proposes that PAs can contribute to antimicrobial stewardship efforts.
Antimicrobial stewardship: Australia
Authors: Spigelman Allan D. , Rendalls Shane , McLaws Mary-Louise , Gray Ashleigh 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the context for strategies to overcome antimicrobial resistance in Australia, which may provide valuable learnings for other jurisdictions.

Design/methodology/approach
– Non-systematic review of literature from websites of national, state and territory health departments and interviews with key stakeholders for Australian strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance.

Findings
– In July 2015 all states and territories in Australia adopted the National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy 2015-2019, which is built on the World Health Organization policy package to combat antimicrobial resistance. This strategy represents “the collective, expert views of stakeholders on how best to combat antimicrobial resistance in Australia. It will also support global and regional efforts, recognising that no single country can manage the threat of antimicrobial resistance alone”. It combines quantitative and qualitative monitoring strategies with frameworks and guidelines to improve management of the use of antimicrobial resistant drugs. Prior to this, health services and states developed and implemented initiatives aimed at monitoring and improving prescribing practices. Development of the national strategy has encouraged and fostered debate within the Australian health system and a raft of new policy initiatives.

Research limitations/implications
– Surveillance strategies are in place to monitor impact and trends at jurisdictional and sector levels. However, actual impact on antimicrobial resistance and prescribing practices remains to be seen as existing initiatives are expanded and new initiatives implemented.

Practical implications
– This overview of key Australian initiatives balancing quantitative and qualitative surveillance, accreditation, research, education, community awareness and price signals on antibiotic prescribing practices may be valuable to health systems in developing local strategies.

Originality/value
– The authors provide an up to date overview of the context, strategies and aims of antimicrobial stewardship in Australia.
Antimicrobial stewardship: a Canadian perspective
Authors: Rennert-May Elissa , Conly John 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the current state of antimicrobial stewardship implementation and development within Canada at both a federal and provincial level.Design/methodology/approach– Narrative review.Findings– There have been several prominent conferences and reports in Canada regarding the development and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs over the past two decades. However, despite the knowledge that there is a need for standardization of programs across Canada with accurate mechanisms and infrastructure in place for implementation and evaluation of these programs, there is still a lack of consistency across the country. In addition pharmacy information regarding inpatient and outpatient antimicrobial use is not uniformly reliable. Recently, the Public Health Agency of Canada using the Pan-Canadian Public Health Network as a vehicle organized a task group to help facilitate the working relationships among the provincial, territorial and federal governments in terms of implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs. This network has the potential to enhance and standardize programs across the country.Originality/value– This paper looks at Canadian policy regarding antimicrobial stewardship at a federal as well as provincial level. Historic conferences, reports and discussions are highlighted emphasizing the progressive changes over the past two decades and highlight many of the challenges that Canada continues to face.
Antimicrobial stewardship in Tanzania
Authors: Eliakimu Eliudi 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– Worldwide situation analysis on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) released in 2015 by the World Health Organisation (WHO) has revealed inadequate capability to respond to AMR in African region. Report of antibiotics use and resistance in Tanzania revealed rising levels of healthcare associatedMethicilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureusinfections; while other studies have reported high prevalence of Expanded Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL). The purpose of this paper is to review the current situation of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in Tanzania using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges (SWOC) analysis.Design/methodology/approach– General literature review was done on use of antimicrobials in Google Scholar, websites of key organisations including WHO, and grey literature. Conceptual framework designed by the authors was used to inform SWOC analysis of the Tanzanian health sector.Findings– The SWOC analysis has revealed much strength in the Tanzanian health sector indicating that increasing investments in laboratory services, in medicines Regulatory Authority and Pharmacy Council, and strengthening management teams at all levels of service delivery, including Medicines and Therapeutics Committees; and strengthening advocacy on rational use of antimicrobials both in humans and livestock will improve AMS.Research limitations/implications– This is a general literature review. No interview of experts or use of questionnaires was used. However, based on the literature found and author’s experience in the health sector, the information contained is valid for consideration in making policy decisions about AMR in Tanzania.Practical implications– Designing policy interventions to prevent development of AMR to commonly used antimicrobials.Social implications– Improving social wellbeing in the community through prevention of morbidity and mortality resulting from multi-resistant pathogens.Originality/value– This is the authors original idea backed by available literature.
UK initiatives to reduce antimicrobial resistant infections, 2013-2018
Authors: Hopkins Susan 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the local, national and global actions from the UK to reduce the impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on human health.

Design/methodology/approach
– Synthesis of UK government policy, surveillance and research on AMR.

Findings
– Activities that are taking place by the UK government, public health and professional organisations are highlighted.

Originality/value
– This paper describes the development and areas for action of the UK AMR strategy. It highlights the many interventions that are being delivered to reduce antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistant infections.
IJHG review
Authors: MacVane Phipps Fiona 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and commentary on the articles contained in the current issue of the journal.

Design/methodology/approach
– The review is prepared by the review editor to highlight key points within each paper.

Findings
– Enables readers to scan content and select articles of most interest or relevance to their needs.

Originality/value
– The IJHG is the only Emerald journal with a review section of this type and therefore makes a unique contribution to the content of the journal.
Next‐generation tropical forests: reforestation type affects recruitment of species and functional diversity in a human‐dominated landscape
Authors: Wills Jarrah , Herbohn John , Moreno Maria Opelia Maranguit , Avela Mayet S. , Firn Jennifer 
Published: August 2016

Summary

In tropical countries where little natural forest remains, such as the Philippines, small‐holder monocultures and mixed‐species plantations potentially provide conservation values by providing habitat for local fauna and recruiting diverse understorey species. However, little information exists as to whether monocultures offer a framework to kick‐start understorey species recruitment and how this compares to mixtures.

In this study, species and trait diversity were measured within the understories of three different forest types on the Island of Leyte, Philippines: mixed‐species forests (known as ‘Rainforestation Farming’), Swietenia macrophylla monocultures and regenerating selectively logged forests. All plants less than 2 m in height were identified, and dispersal type, fruit type, seed and fruit size were extracted from literature and online data bases.

We found that overall seedling richness and diversity were lower within the monoculture forests compared with the regenerating selectively logged forests, with the Rainforestation forests showing intermediate seedling diversity, including trait diversity. Monoculture understories had a higher proportion of large fruited domesticated species that are likely dispersed by people and significantly lower wind‐dispersed native seedlings than the other forest types. Higher understorey diversity was generally negatively correlated with soil nutrients and positively correlated with increased leaf area index, that is more canopy cover.

Our results confirm that mixed‐species plantations and regenerating selectively logged forests recruit higher species diversity, but we also found evidence that monocultures can recruit diverse species in the understorey. However, monoculture understories were depauperate of native wind‐dispersed traits that are often important emergent species in tropical rain forests.

Synthesis and applications. Overall, our results show that just having trees in a cleared landscape provides conservation value, but if monocultures are used as less costly and technically simpler solutions for initiating recruitment, then wind‐dispersed native species (e.g. species from the Dipterocarpaceae family) in addition to other limited functional traits (e.g. large‐seeded species) should be planted to enhance long‐term survival of ecologically significant native tree populations.
Assembly dynamics of a forest bird community depend on disturbance intensity and foraging guild
Authors: Kroll Andrew J. , Verschuyl Jake , Giovanini Jack , Betts Matthew G. 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Tree plantations occur globally and are often promoted as a strategy to supply wood products for an expanding human population while reducing pressure on natural forests. Herbicides can accelerate growth of crop trees by suppressing competing vegetation, but little information is available about potential trade‐offs with early seral biodiversity resulting from more intensive management.

Using data collected over 5 years immediately following stand‐replacing disturbance (clear‐felling), we used a large‐scale experiment to test how environmental filtering influences dynamics of avian community assembly. We evaluated avian responses to three levels of plant cover reduction (light, moderate and intensive herbicide applications) in relation to a control without herbicide. Under the environmental filtering hypothesis, we expected reduced avian species richness and higher turnover as broadleaf plant cover decreases with increasing management intensity. We predicted that the most intensive treatments would exert strong negative effects on leaf‐gleaning insectivores, including several species of conservation concern due to long‐term population declines.

Richness of leaf‐gleaning bird species was reduced by 23–52% over the 5 years on moderate (standard practice) vs. control treatments, but effects were substantially smaller for the non‐leaf‐gleaner guild in years 1–4 (8–25%) and disappeared by year 5 (0%). Both leaf‐gleaner and non‐leaf‐gleaner functional groups continued to colonize moderate and intensive treatments at higher probabilities than the control in Year 5 (range: 0·17–0·29), likely due to rapid vegetation recovery after herbicide applications ceased. Planted conifers were >35% taller and >70% larger in diameter in the two most intensive treatments, leading to substantially more wood volume produced per unit area than on stands without herbicide applications.

Synthesis and applications. Under current management regimes, stand‐level trade‐offs between conservation of avian diversity and production of wood commodities may be less severe than previously recognized. However, in landscapes where biodiversity conservation rather than wood production is the primary goal, managers can adjust the trade‐off by making relatively small reductions in herbicide use that should have positive impacts on richness of leaf‐gleaning insectivorous birds.