bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Adolescent Alcohol Use Following a Natural Disaster
Authors: Schroeder Janine M. , Polusny Melissa A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:On 29 March 1998, a series of category F-3 and F-4 tornadoes caused wide-spread destruction in four rural southern Minnesota counties in the United States. Extensive research has examined the impact of disaster exposure on adults' psychological functioning, including alcohol use. However, there has been little research on potential risk factors for adolescents' alcohol use following disaster exposure.Hypothesis:It was hypothesized that demographic variables such as age and gender, prior drinking involvement, extent of prior trauma history, level of disaster exposure, and current disaster-related, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology would predict alcohol use among adolescents.Methods:Six months following a natural disaster, survey data were collected from 256 adolescents assessing these factors. Risk factors for adolescents' alcohol use were identified using hierarchical, multiple regression and logistic regression analyses.Results:Greater age, prior drinking involvement, and the extent of prior trauma history were significantly associated with higher levels of binge drinking. Prior trauma history and current levels of disaster-related PTSD symptomatology were significant risk factors for adolescents' report of increases in their alcohol consumption since the tornado.Conclusion:In general, the extent of trauma exposure was associated with greater binge drinking among adolescents. Similar to adults, post-traumatic stress symptoms experienced in the aftermath of a disaster can lead to increased alcohol consumption among adolescents.
Counting Crises: US Hospital Evacuations, 1971–1999
Authors: Sternberg Ernest , Lee George C. , Huard Danial 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectives:To investigate the relative distribution of hazards causing hospital evacuations, thereby to provide rudimentary risk information for hospital disaster planning.Methods:Cases of hospital evacuations were retrieved from newspaper and publication databases and classified according to hazard type, proximate and original cause, duration, and casualties. Both partial and full evacuations were included. The total number of evacuation incidents for all hazards were compared to the total number of hospital incidents for the one hazard, fire, for which national data is available.Results:There were 275 reported evacuation incidents from 1971–1999, with an annual average of 21 in the 1990s, the period for which databases were more reliable. The most, 33, were recorded in 1994, the year of the Northridge Earthquake. Of all incidents, 63 (23%) were attributable primarily to internal fire, followed by internal hazardous materials (HazMat) events (18%), hurricane (14%), human threat (13%), earthquake (9%), external fire (6%), flood (6%), utility failure (5%), and external HazMat (4%).Conclusions:More than 50% of the hospital evacuations occurred because of hazards originating in the hospital facility itself or from human intruders. While natural disasters were not the preponderant causes of evacuations, they caused severe problems when multiple hospitals in the same urban area were incapacitated simultaneously. Clearly, as hospitals are vulnerable to many hazards, mitigation investments should be assessed not in terms of single-hazard risk-cost-benefit analysis, but in terms of capacity to mitigate multiple hazards. In view of the many qualifications and limitations of the dataset used here, but value of such data for disaster planning, hospitals should be asked to submit standardized incident reports to permit national data gathering on major disruptions.
Where's the Tube? Evaluation of Hand-held Ultrasound in Confirming Endotracheal Tube Placement
Authors: Chun Rosaleen , Kirkpatrick Andrew W. , Sirois M. , Sargasyn A.E. , Melton S. , Hamilton D.R. , Dulchavsky S. 
Published: August 2016

Introduction:The diagnosis of endotracheal tube (ETT) mal-position may be delayed in extreme environments. Several methods are utilized to confirm proper ETT placement, but these methods can be unreliable or unavailable in certain settings. Thoracic sonography, previously utilized to detect pneumothoraces, has not been tested to assess ETT placement.Hypothesis:Thoracic sonography could correlate with pulmonary ventilation, and thereby, help to confirm proper ETT placement.Methods:Thirteen patients requiring elective intubation under general anesthesia, and data from two trauma patients were evaluated. Using a portable, hand-held, ultrasound (PHHU) machine, sonographic recordings of the chest wall visceral-parietal pleural interface (VPPI) were recorded bilaterally in each patient during all phases of airway management: (1) preoxygenation; (2) induction; (3) paralysis; (4) intubation; and (5) ventilation. Results: The VPPI could be well-imaged for all of the patients. In the two trauma patients, right mainstem intubations were noted in which specific pleural signals were not seen in the left chest wall VPPI after tube placement. These signs returned after correct repositioning of the ETT tube. In all of the elective surgery patients, signs correlating with bilateral ventilation in each patient were imaged and correlated with confirmation of ETT placement by anesthesiology.Conclusions:This report raises the possibility that thoracic sonography may be another tool that could be used to confirm proper ETT placement. This technique may have merit in extreme environments, such as in remote, prehospital settings or during aerospace medical transports, in which auscultation is impossible due to noise, or capnography is not available, and thus, requires further scientific evaluation.
Disasters and Development: Part 2: Understanding and Exploiting Disaster-Development Linkages
Authors: Stephenson Rob S. , DuFrane Charles 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis lesson is a continuation of Disasters and Development: Part 2: Understanding and Exploiting Disaster-Development Linkages published in Prehospital and Disaster Medicine in Volume 17, Number 3. It identifies the goals of a specific damage mitigation project that can be incorporated into a regular development project and the mechanisms for obtaining the mitigation component of such a project. Mechanisms for assessing the success of such a project are discussed. It stresses the importance of the application of building codes, associated training programs, and more extensive use of zoning regulations in urban development that decrease the population at risk and the likelihood of damage to industrial facilities. Disasters can elevate the development potential of a society at risk for damage from a hazard. The political impact of damage and disruption can be a catalyst for change. Development opportunities often are compromised because of an excessive focus on relief assistance. Interventions designed to mitigate the damage from a given hazard are particularly effective when they focus on areas at particularly high risk for actualization of the hazard. Support from the private sector, including the non-formal sector, is a key element of successful reconstruction management. The period of recovery is an opportunity for general assistance to government with administrative procedures, including enhanced management training programs.
Get Off the Bus: Sound Strategy for Injury Prevention During a Tornado?
Authors: Comstock R. Dawn , Mallonee Sue 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:On 08 May 2003, a tornado categorized as an F-3 on the Fujita Tornado Scale (the “F Scale”) struck an Oklahoma City, Oklahoma commuter bus carrying 24 passengers. The driver evacuated several passengers before the tornado struck. The tornado rolled the bus, and pelted it with debris.Methods:A case-series investigation of tornado-related injuries was conducted among passengers who were evacuated to a ditch and those who remained on the bus when the tornado struck.Results:Nineteen of 24 passengers sought care for injuries at hospital emergency departments (injury rate= 79.2%).While a greater number of passengers who were outside the bus when the tornado struck (11) sought care for injuries than did those who remained on the bus (8); passengers outside of the bus suffered fewer injuries than did those who remained on the bus (median number of injuries 3 versus 4), and their injuries were lesssevere (median injury severity score (ISS) 1 versus 4).Conclusion:For persons caught in motor vehicles during tornado events, this study supports currently accepted recommendations to immediately evacuate and lie in a low-lying area away from motor vehicles if other shelter is unavailable. However, generalizing the experience of bus passengers to automobile drivers might be inappropriate because buses lack the safety features that might protect automobile drivers from tornado-related injuries.
Lessons Learned from Cross-border Medical Response to the Terrorist Bombings in Tabba and Ras-el-Satan, Egypt, on 07 October 2004
Authors: Leiba Adi , Blumenfeld Amir , Hourvitz Ariel , Weiss Gali , Peres Michal , Laor Dani , Schwartz Dagan , Arad Jacob , Goldberg Avishay , Levi Yeheskel , Bar-Dayan Yaron 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:Large-scale, terrorist attacks can happen in peripheral areas, which are located close to a country's borders and far from its main medical facilities and involve multi-national casualties and responders. The objective of this study was to analyze the terrorist suicide bombings that occurred on 07 October 2004, near the Israeli-Egyptian border, as representative of such a complex scenario.Methods:Data from formal debriefings after the event were processed in order to learn about victim outcomes, resource utilization, critical events, and time course of the emergency response.Results:A total of 185 injured survivors were repatriated: four were severely wounded, 13 were moderately injured, and 168 were mildly injured. Thirty-eight people died. A forward medical team landed at the border town's airport, which provided reinforcement in the field and in the local hospital. Israeli and Egyptian search and rescue teams collaborated at the destruction site. One-hundred sixty-eight injured patients arrived at the small border hospital that rapidly organized itself for the mass-casualty incident, operating as an evacuation “staging hospital”. Twenty-three casualties secondarily were distributed to two major trauma centers in the south and the center of Israel, respectively, either by ambulance or by helicopter.Conclusion:Large-scale, terrorist attacks at a peripheral border zone can be handled by international collaboration, reinforcement of medical teams at the site itself and at the peripheral neighboring hospital, rapid rearrangement of an “evacuation hospital”, and efficient transport to trauma centers by ambulances, helicopters, and other aircraft.
KAMEDO Report No. 75 Fire Catastrophe in Gothenburg 29–30 October 1998
Authors: Riddez Louis , Dellgar Uno 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA fire developed in a facility being used as a discotheque that resulted in death for 63 young people. The rescue operations, ambulance responses, medical care provided at the scene, hospital operations, and psychosocial responses are described. Bodies blocked the exit and many survivors had to evacuate by leaping from windows. A total of 16 ambulances were used. Survivors and people not directly involved in the incident created disturbances and some even attacked responders. Many of those who escaped early suffered mild inhalation injuries and those who escaped later, sustained more severe inhalation injuries. High levels of both carbon-monoxide and cyanide were detected at autopsy. A total of 213 persons were transported to hospitals, 85 by ambulance. Most who died at the scene had severe burn injuries, were unconscious, or suffered from fire-gas injuries. A total of 150 victims were admitted to a hospital, of which 74 (49.3%) required intensive care. Only one of the four hospitals actuated a disaster alert. Psychosocial support was complicated due the multicultural characteristics of those involved. Support to the survivors and relatives of the victims was provided by representatives of various religious organization, non-profit organizations, and by the government of Gothenburg. Many recommendations are provided to better prepare for future events.
KAMEDO Report No. 76 Floods in Poland in 1997 and in Sweden in 2000
Authors: Riddez Louis , Dellgar Uno 
Published: August 2016

AbstractExtensive flooding occurred in Poland in 1997 and in Sweden in 2000. These events and their management are reviewed in this Report. The floods in Poland were more extensive than in Sweden as they covered some 10% of Poland's landmass. An estimated 55 persons died as a direct result of the floods in Poland and none were reported due to the flood in Sweden. No epidemics were encountered in either country, presumably related to the extensive use of bottled water and radio instructions to boil all water before its use. The water supply was interrupted and untreated water was taken into the water distribution systems. Chlorination of the water supplies was added in Sweden. Sewage and refuse management was problematic. The heathcare system was impacted profoundly in Poland both by direct damage to hospitals and/or loss of essential services such as electricity and water supplies. Government responses are described with the needs in Poland being extensive including the need for outside assistance. Some pathways used for obtaining aid were outside of government coordination. Comprehensive conclusions and recommendations derived from the observations are provided.
Session 1.5: Health Policy and Coordination: A Critical Review of Experiences
Authors: Procacci Pasqualino , Doran Rodger , Chunkath Sheela Rani , Garfield Richard , Briceno Salvano , Fric Anton 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Session 1.5 on Health Policy and Coordination: A Critical Review of Experiences during the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened bythe World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related to health policy and coordination as pertain to the responses to the damage created by the Tsunami. Key questions were answered in this session, and recommendations were made.
Panel 2.5: Mass-Casualty Management and Hospital Care
Authors: Borra Agostino , Perez Luis Jorge , Min Tin , Puavilai Wilai , Seo Norimasa , Tipsunthonsak Nakhon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Panel 2.5, Mass-Casualty Management and Hospital Care of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related to mass-casualty management and hospital care as pertain to the responses to the damage created by the Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections: wing (1) key questions; (2) recommendations; and (3) conclusions. Subsections of the conclusion section include: (1) lessons learned; (2) what was done well?; and (3) what could have been done better?.
Panel 2.7: First 30 Days: Organizing Rapid Responses
Authors: Emerson Natacha , Pesigan Arturo , Sarana Lita , Motus Nenette , Buriak Dan , Randall Tim 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Panel 2.7, First 30 Days: Organizing Rapid Response of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed inc included issues related to organizingrapid responses as pertain to the responses to the damage created by the created Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections: (1) issues; (2) key questions; and (3) recommendations.
Panel 2.8: Water, Sanitation, Food Safety, and Environmental Health
Authors: Islam Md Shafiqul , Heijnen Han Antonius , Sumanasekera Deepthi , Walden Vivien , Roulet Michel , Yoosuf Abdul Sattar 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion by the panel that addressed issues with Water, Sanitation, Food Safety, and Environmental Health during the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related to water, sanitation, food safety, and environmental health as pertain to the responses to the damage created by the Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections: (1) needs assessments; (2) institutional capacity and coordination; (3) what was done wel well, and what could have been done better?; and (4) capacity building and preparedness. Topics discussed in the needs assessment section included: (1) water supply; (2) hygiene; and (3) lessons learned. Topics discussed realated to capacity building and preparedness included: (1) waste and vector-bor borne diseases; (2) food safety; (3) nutrition; and (4) environmental health.
Panel 2.16: Forensic Aspects of Disaster Fatality Management
Authors: Tun Kan , Butcher Barbara , Sribanditmongkol Pongruk , Brondolo Tom , Caragine Theresa , Perera Clifford , Kent Karl 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Panel 2.16, Forensic Aspects of Disaster Fatality Management of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related to forensic aspects that pertain to the responses to the deaths created by the Earthquake and Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections: (1) overview of victim identification; (2) resource factors in mass-fatality management; (3) mass-fatality management in protecting public health; and (4) reasons to use deoyxribose nucleic acid (DNA) to identify the deceased.
Panel 2.17: Private Commercial Sector Partnerships for Health Action in Crises
Authors: Sundnes Knut Ole , Sannerkvist Milan , Hedger Philip , Woodworth Brent , Hyre Anne , Cuddyre Terrence , Waldman Ronald 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Panel 2.17, Private Commercial Sector Partnerships for Health Action in Crises of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related to private sector partnerships for health action in crises as pertain to the responses to the damage created by the Tsunami. It is presented in the following sections: (1) key questions; (2) issues and challenges; (3) lessons learned; (4) what was done well?; (5) what could have been done better?; and (6) conclusions and recommendations.
Panel 2.18: Logistics, Information Technology (IT), and Telecommunications in Crisis Management
Authors: De Silva Terrence , Chikersal Jyotsna , Snoad Nigel , Woodworth Brent , Ghaly Cherif , Catterall Martin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Panel 2.18, Logistics, Information Technology, and Telecommunication in crisis Management of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related to logistics, information Technology (IT), and crisis communication pertaining to the responses to the damage created by the Tsunami. It iss presented in the following major sections: (1) issues; (2) lessons learned; (3)what was done well; (4)what could have been done better; and (5)conclusions and recommendations. Each major section is presented in four sub-sections: (1) needs assessments; (2) coordination; (3) filling the gaps; and (4) capacity building.
What Have We Learned? Capacity Building for Health Responses in Disasters
Authors: Guha-Sapir Debarati 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis is a synthesis of the presentations and discussions pertaining to Capacity Building for Health Responses in Disasters of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO), in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included: (1) Specific goals; (2)Main focal areas, including available training programs, country-specific training programs, targeted technical assistance for training programs, certified training programs, and ensuring that funding is available for training; (3) What has been achieved in building capacity; (4) Challenges; (5) Where capacity building is needed; and (6) Conclusions and recommendations.
Putting It Together: Stronger Public Health Capacity within Disaster Management Systems
Authors: Nabarro David 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis is a summary of the agreement reached during the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. There are 12elements to this agreement: (1) risk management and vulnerability capacities; (2) needs assessments and programmed management; (3) best public health practices; (4) benchmarks, standards, and codes of practice; (5) management and coordination; (6) supply systems, communication, and logistics; (7) volunteers; (8) demonstrated leadership; (9) military and commercial private sectors; (10) media; (11) accountability and ethics; and (12) preparedness.
Collegiate-Based Emergency Medical Services (EMS): A Survey of EMS Systems on College Campuses
Authors: Fisher Jonathan , Ray Adam , Savett Scott C. , Milliron Mark E. , Koenig George J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:Collegiate-based emergency medical systems (CBEMS) are a unique model for the delivery of prehospital care. The National Collegiate Emergency Medical Services Foundation (NCEMSF) was founded to serve as a resource for CBEMS groups. The purpose of this investigation is to describe the current state of CBEMS organizations.Methods:The NCEMSF maintains a Web-based, data collection system to gather data on CBEMS organizations. Collegiate-based emergency medical services are defined as emergency medical services in a university or college campus setting. The abstracted data from the NCEMSF registry were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:The NCEMSF registry contained data on 175 groups, and 145 groups were identified as providing CBEMS. The levels of service provided by the groups were: (1) first responder, 8.3%; (2) basic life support (BLS) 66.2%; (3) intermediate life support (ILS) 4.8%; (4) advanced life support (ALS), 9.7%; and (5) combination BLS/ALS, 8.3%. Transport capabilities were provided by 31.7% of the CBEMS. The average response time was estimated at 2.6 minutes (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.35–2.91 minutes). Early defibrillation using a automated external defibrillator (AED) or ALS was available by 75.9% (95% CI, 68.8–83.0) of CBEMS. Service to the community beyond the campus was provided by 21.3% of CBEMS groups. Forty-eight percent of the services operate 24 hours/day, seven days/week. The average call volume per year was 568 responses (95% CI, 315–820), and the groups averaged 29 (95% CI, 25–34) members. During the past five years, an average of 4.3 new CBEMS groups were formed per year. Eleven of the CBEMS are based at international schools.