bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of subclinical infantile thiamine deficiency on motor function in preschool children
Authors: Harel Yael , Zuk Luba , Guindy Michal , Nakar Orly , Lotan Dafna , Fattal‐Valevski Aviva 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe investigated the long‐term implications of infantile thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency on motor function in preschoolers who had been fed during the first 2 years of life with a faulty milk substitute. In this retrospective cohort study, 39 children aged 5–6 years who had been exposed to a thiamine‐deficient formula during infancy were compared with 30 age‐matched healthy children with unremarkable infant nutritional history. The motor function of the participants was evaluated with The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M‐ABC) and the Zuk Assessment. Both evaluation tools revealed statistically significant differences between the exposed and unexposed groups for gross and fine motor development (p < .001, ball skillsp = .01) and grapho‐motor development (p = .004). The differences were especially noteworthy on M‐ABC testing for balance control functioning (p < .001, OR 5.4; 95% CI 3.4–7.4) and fine motor skills (p < .001, OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.8–4.6). In the exposed group, both assessments concurred on the high rate of children exhibiting motor function difficulties in comparison to unexposed group (M‐ABC: 56% vs. 10%, Zuk Assessment: 59% vs. 3%,p < .001). Thiamine deficiency in infancy has long‐term implications on gross and fine motor function and balance skills in childhood, thiamine having a crucial role in normal motor development. The study emphasizes the importance of proper infant feeding and regulatory control of breast milk substitutes.
Rapid genetic and morphologic divergence between captive and wild populations of the endangered Leon Springs pupfish, Cyprinodon bovinus
Authors: Black Andrew N. , Seears Heidi A. , Hollenbeck Christopher M. , Samollow Paul B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Leon Springs pupfish (Cyprinodon bovinus) is an endangered species currently restricted to a single desert spring and a separate captive habitat in southwestern North America. Following establishment of the captive population from wild stock in 1976, the wild population has undergone natural population size fluctuations, intentional culling to purge genetic contamination from an invasive congener (Cyprinodon variegatus) and augmentation/replacement of wild fish from the captive stock. A severe population decline following the most recent introduction of captive fish prompted us to examine whether the captive and wild populations have differentiated during the short time they have been isolated from one another. If so, the development of divergent genetic and/or morphologic traits between populations could contribute to a diminished ability of fish from one location to thrive in the other. Examination of genomewide single nucleotide polymorphisms and morphologic variation revealed no evidence of residual C. variegatus characteristics in contemporary C. bovinus samples. However, significant genetic and morphologic differentiation was detected between the wild and captive populations, some of which might reflect local adaptation. Our results indicate that genetic and physical characteristics can diverge rapidly between isolated subdivisions of managed populations, potentially compromising the value of captive stock for future supplementation efforts. In the case of C. bovinus, our findings underscore the need to periodically inoculate the captive population with wild genetic material to help mitigate genetic, and potentially morphologic, divergence between them and also highlight the utility of parallel morphologic and genomic evaluation to inform conservation management planning.
Entangled fates of holobiont genomes during invasion: nested bacterial and host diversities in Caulerpa taxifolia
Authors: Arnaud‐Haond S. , Aires T. , Candeias R. , Teixeira S. J. L. , Duarte C. M. , Valero M. , Serrão E. A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSuccessful prevention and mitigation of biological invasions requires retracing the initial steps of introduction, as well as understanding key elements enhancing the adaptability of invasive species. We studied the genetic diversity of the green alga Caulerpa taxifolia and its associated bacterial communities in several areas around the world. The striking congruence of α and β diversity of the algal genome and endophytic communities reveals a tight association, supporting the holobiont concept as best describing the unit of spreading and invasion. Both genomic compartments support the hypotheses of a unique accidental introduction in the Mediterranean and of multiple invasion events in southern Australia. In addition to helping with tracing the origin of invasion, bacterial communities exhibit metabolic functions that can potentially enhance adaptability and competitiveness of the consortium they form with their host. We thus hypothesize that low genetic diversities of both host and symbiont communities may contribute to the recent regression in the Mediterranean, in contrast with the persistence of highly diverse assemblages in southern Australia. This study supports the importance of scaling up from the host to the holobiont for a comprehensive understanding of invasions.
Evidence for concerted movement of nuclear and mitochondrial clines in a lizard hybrid zone
Authors: Leaché Adam D. , Grummer Jared A. , Harris Rebecca B. , Breckheimer Ian K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMoving hybrid zones provide compelling examples of evolution in action, yet long‐term studies that test the assumptions of hybrid zone stability are rare. Using replicated transect samples collected over a 10‐year interval from 2002 to 2012, we find evidence for concerted movement of genetic clines in a plateau fence lizard hybrid zone (Sceloporus tristichus) in Arizona. Cline‐fitting analyses ofSNPand mtDNAdata both provide evidence that the hybrid zone shifted northward by approximately 2 km during the 10‐year interval. For each sampling period, the mtDNAcline centre is displaced from theSNPcline centre and maintaining an introgression distance of approximately 3 km. The northward expansion of juniper trees into the Little Colorado River Basin in the early 1900s provides a plausible mechanism for hybrid zone formation and movement, and a broadscale quantification of recent land cover change provides support for increased woody species encroachment at the southern end of the hybrid zone. However, population processes can also contribute to hybrid zone movement, and the current stability of the ecotone habitats in the centre of the hybrid zone suggests that movement could decelerate in the future.
Seven cases of Saccharomyces fungaemia related to use of probiotics
Authors: Roy Ujjwayini , Jessani Laxman G. , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Gopalakrishnan Ram , Dutta Soma , Chakravarty Chandrashish , Jillwin Joseph , Chakrabarti Arunaloke 
Published: January 2017

SummaryProbiotics are increasingly used in critically ill patients without enough safety data. The aim of the present study was to determine the association of probiotics with Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungaemia. Seven patients with S. cerevisiae fungaemia were reported at two hospitals in India between July 2014 and September 2015. Detailed clinical history of patients was recorded. Besides the seven patient isolates, three probiotics sachets used in those patients and five unrelated clinical isolates were used for association study by Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP). Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution technique of CLSI (M27‐A3) and interpreted according to CLSI (M27S4). Two patients were premature neonates and five were adults. They were admitted in intensive care unit and were on probiotics containing S. boulardii (except one adult patient). FAFLP analysis showed 96.4‐99.7% similarity between blood and corresponding probiotic isolates. Of the three AFLP types (group I, II, II) identified, all the probiotic isolates clustered in group I (major cluster) including majority of the blood isolates. The isolates were susceptible to all antifungal agents tested. Five patients, who could be evaluated, responded promptly to echinocandins or voriconazole. As the prescription of probiotic containing S. boulardii in critically ill patient's leads to the fungaemia, we recommend avoiding this probiotic in those patients.
Validation of criteria for the definition of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations using high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Roman S. , Holloway R. , Keller J. , Herbella F. , Zerbib F. , Xiao Y. , Bernard L. , Bredenoord A. J. , Bruley des Varannes S. , Chen M. , Fox M. , Kahrilas P. J. , Mittal R. K. , Penagini R. , Savarino E. , Sifrim D. , Wu J. , Decullier E. , Pandolfino J. E. , Mion F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundCriteria for transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) are well‐defined for Dentsleeve manometry. As high‐resolution manometry (HRM) is now the gold standard to assess esophageal motility, our aim was to propose a consensus definition of TLESRs using HRM.MethodsPostprandial esophageal HRM combined with impedance was performed in 10 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations identification was performed by 17 experts using a Delphi process. Four investigators then characterized TLESR candidates that achieved 100% agreement (TLESR events) and those that achieved less than 25% agreement (non‐events) after the third round. Logistic regression and decision tree analysis were used to define optimal diagnostic criteria.Key ResultsAll diagnostic criteria were more frequently encountered in the 57 TLESR events than in the 52 non‐events. Crural diaphragm (CD) inhibition and LES relaxation duration >10 seconds had the highest predictive value to identify TLESR. Based on decision tree analysis, reflux on impedance, esophageal shortening, common cavity, upper esophageal sphincter relaxation without swallow and secondary peristalsis were alternate diagnostic criteria.Conclusion & InferencesUsing HRM, TLESR might be defined as LES relaxation occurring in absence of swallowing, lasting more than 10 seconds and associated with CD inhibition.
Waist to hip ratio is a better predictor of esophageal acid exposure than body mass index
Authors: Ringhofer C. , Lenglinger J. , Riegler M. , Kristo I. , Kainz A. , Schoppmann S. F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundObesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are major health problems showing an inconstant relationship in the literature. Therefore, anthropometric parameters which are predictive and can simply be assessed at first patient presentation may lead to a better patient selection for ambulatory reflux monitoring. We aimed to examine the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) with gastroesophageal reflux activity during 24 hour‐pH‐impedance monitoring.MethodsSeven hundred and seventy‐one patients with GERD symptoms underwent 24 hour‐pH‐impedance monitoring and high resolution manometry off proton pump inhibitors. Patients with known primary motility disorders of the esophagus and pre‐existing endoscopic or operative procedure on esophagus or stomach were excluded from the study. Reflux parameters and anthropometric and demographic data from our prospectively gathered database were analyzed. We performed univariate and multivariate regression analysis to evaluate the associations of BMI and WHR with reflux parameters measured with 24 hour‐pH‐impedance monitoring.Key ResultsWHR showed a significantly stronger association with esophageal acid exposure than BMI (P<.001). Our data show that 6.9% of the percentage of endoluminal pH<4 in the distal esophagus is attributable to WHR. Furthermore, an association of WHR with impaired esophageal acid clearance was observed. Additionally, we observed an inverse relationship between lower esophageal sphincter integrity (P=.05) and esophageal acid exposure.Conclusions and InferencesWHR is a better predictor for esophageal acid exposure than BMI. Biomechanical and metabolic mechanisms of central fat distribution may influence reflux parameters in 24 hour pH impedance monitoring, which may affect patient selection for ambulatory reflux monitoring.
Distinct regions of the Phytophthora essential effector Avh238 determine its function in cell death activation and plant immunity suppression
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Qunqing , Jing Maofeng , Guo Baodian , Wu Jiawei , Wang Haonan , Wang Yang , Lin Long , Wang Yan , Ye Wenwu , Dong Suomeng , Wang Yuanchao 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Phytophthora pathogens secrete effectors to manipulate host innate immunity, thus facilitating infection. Among the RXLR effectors highly induced during Phytophthora sojae infection, Avh238 not only contributes to pathogen virulence but also triggers plant cell death. However, the detailed molecular basis of Avh238 functions remains largely unknown.

We mapped the regions responsible for Avh238 functions in pathogen virulence and plant cell death induction using a strategy that combines investigation of natural variation and large‐scale mutagenesis assays. The correlation between cellular localization and Avh238 functions was also evaluated.

We found that the 79th residue (histidine or leucine) of Avh238 determined its cell death‐inducing activity, and that the 53 amino acids in its C‐terminal region are responsible for promoting Phytophthora infection. Transient expression of Avh238 in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that nuclear localization is essential for triggering cell death, while Avh238‐mediated suppression of INF1‐triggered cell death requires cytoplasmic localization.

Our results demonstrate that a representative example of an essential Phytophthora RXLR effector can evolve to escape recognition by the host by mutating one nucleotide site, and can also retain plant immunosuppressive activity to enhance pathogen virulence in planta.
Pierre Bourdieu: Expanding the scope of nursing research and practice
Authors: Nairn Stuart , Pinnock David 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBourdieu is an important thinker within the sociological tradition and has a philosophically sophisticated approach to theoretical knowledge and research practice. In this paper, we examine the implication of his work for nursing and the health sciences more broadly. We argue that his work is best described as a reflexive realist who provides a space for a nonpositivist approach to knowledge that does not fall into the trap of idealism or relativism. We emphasize that Bourdieu was not an abstract theorist, but only utilized theories to understand and explain the social world in all its empirical complexity. Theory is emphasized over method without denying the importance of method. We then provide a brief overview of some of his key concepts: habitus, field and capital. His work is a scientifically astute practice that has an emancipatory purpose, with particular resonance to the problems of nursing as a social practice. Some have criticized Bourdieu for undermining agency and we briefly address this issue, but argue that his conceptual framework helps us to understand what endures in social practice and why change is often problematic. In short, this paper argues that Bourdieu's work is a fruitful resource for critiquing existing nursing approaches that are preoccupied with agency over structure.
QTL for delayed bolting after winter detected in leaf beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Pfeiffer Nina , Müller Andreas E. , Jung Christian , Kopisch‐Obuch Friedrich J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGrowing sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) as a winter crop in cool temperate climates is expected to increase yield potential. However, this requires bolting resistance after winter. One strategy to achieve complete bolting resistance is to accumulate genes for bolting delay from various genetic resources within the B. vulgaris gene pool. To identify such genes, a QTL mapping was performed in a segregating population derived from a biennial leaf beet with delayed bolting after winter. The population was tested for bolting delay after winter in two different experiments with natural or artificial vernalization. Three QTL for bolting delay were mapped on linkage groups 3, 5 and 9 affecting bolting time by up to 19 days. These QTL could be combined with recently reported bolting QTL to develop a winter sugar beet with complete bolting resistance.
Correlated effects of exotic pollen‐fertility restorer genes on agronomic and quality traits of hybrid rye
Authors: Miedaner Thomas , Herter Cathérine Pauline , Goßlau Heike , Wilde Peer , Hackauf Bernd 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility)‐based hybrid rye (Secale cereale L.) breeding, effective pollen‐fertility restoration is an essential prerequisite for achieving maximum grain yield on the one hand and for minimizing ergot (Claviceps purpurea) infestation on the other. Restorer genes for the CMS‐inducing ‘Pampa’ cytoplasm derived from landraces collected in Iran and Argentina are used by breeders for achieving this goal. Here, restorer genes from four germplasm sources (‘Altevogt 14160’, ‘IRAN III’, ‘Trenelense’ and ‘Pico Gentario’) were analysed by producing three‐way cross hybrids between an elite CMS single cross and pollinators with and without a given restorer gene. Materials were evaluated on large drilled plots for restorer index (RI), grain yield, plant height and other traits in six environments. In experiment 1, a restorer gene from ‘Altevogt 14160’ was used. Seven pairs of marker‐selected carrier and non‐carrier backcross lines served as pollinators. In experiment 2, the pollinators were 17 backcross line pairs from the other three germplasm sources. These lines were grouped as high (RI > 67%) and low restorers (RI < 30%), respectively, using testcrosses with a highly diagnostic CMS tester. Hybrids carrying an exotic restorer gene suffered from a significant grain yield reduction by 4.4% and 9.4% and were 9.3 and 4.8 cm taller in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Thousand‐kernel weight was reduced, whereas quality traits were only slightly affected. For all traits, significant genetic variance existed among the testcrosses to the presence vs. absence of a given exotic restorer gene. This offers a chance for the breeder to reduce or ultimately overcome the presently observed performance reductions brought about by exotic restorer genes.
Accommodating Informative Dropout and Death: A Joint Modelling Approach for Longitudinal and Semicompeting Risks Data
Authors: Li Qiuju , Su Li 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBoth dropout and death can truncate observation of a longitudinal outcome. Since extrapolation beyond death is often not appropriate, it is desirable to obtain the longitudinal outcome profile of a population given being alive. We propose a new likelihood-based approach to accommodating informative dropout and death by jointly modelling the longitudinal outcome and semicompeting event times of dropout and death, with an important feature that the conditional longitudinal profile of being alive can be conveniently obtained in a closed form. We use proposed methods to estimate different longitudinal profiles of CD4 cell count for patients from the ‘HIV Epidemiology Research Study’.
A Spatiotemporal Model for Extreme Precipitation Simulated by a Climate Model, With an Application to Assessing Changes in Return Levels Over North America
Authors: Jalbert Jonathan , Favre Anne-Catherine , Bélisle Claude , Angers Jean-François 
Published: January 2017

SummaryExtreme precipitation plays a major role in flooding events and their occurrence and intensity are expected to increase. Because climate models are the only tools for providing quantitative projections of precipitation, flood risk management for the future climate may be based on the simulation of such events. The goal of the paper is to develop a spatiotemporal statistical model for extremes that is particularly suited to climate model outputs, which are transient and lie on a regular grid. Using the statistical model proposed, projected precipitation return levels for the coming climate over North America are estimated.
A reciprocal soil exchange experiment highlights tree root colonization effects on soil nitrification
Authors: Andrianarisoa K. S. , Zeller B. , Ranger J. , Bienaimé S. , Dambrine E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFor forest ecosystems, the relationship between root biomass, root growth and soil nitrification is still debated. Following repeated findings of significant differences in soil nitrification beneath comparable stands at the Breuil experimental site, a reciprocal soil exchange experiment combining high (H)‐ and low (L)‐nitrifying stands was conducted to highlight the effect of tree root colonization on the control of nitrification. Soil percent nitrification and fine root biomass were measured in undisturbed and in transplanted soil cores after 16 and 28 months. In undisturbed soils, the fine root biomass varied by tree species and explained only 14% of the variation in percent nitrification. In transplanted soil cores, percent nitrification converged, at different rates, towards values close to those measured in the undisturbed soil at the receptor stands. On the one hand, percent nitrification increased rapidly in soil cores from L transferred to H, while soil core colonization by roots remained low during the study period. Soil cores might have been colonized by active nitrifiers from their new environment, or/and the activity of the nitrifiers originally present was less suppressed by root activity in their new environment. On the other hand, percent nitrification decreased progressively in soil cores from H transferred to L as root colonization increased. This suggests that root colonization reduced nitrifier population and activity. Our findings suggest that the often‐reported influence of forest species on soil nitrification is probably multifactorial but the tree root colonization contributes.
The future of immunotherapy for canine atopic dermatitis: a review
Authors: DeBoer Douglas J. 
Published: January 2017

Allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is a foundation treatment for canine atopic dermatitis (CAD), though few critical studies have documented its effectiveness as a disease‐modifying treatment in dogs. The mechanisms by whichASITworks in dogs have not been elucidated, although they are likely to parallel those known for humans. CurrentASITapproaches inCADfocus on either subcutaneous or sublingual administration. Greater knowledge of major allergens in dogs, ideal dosage regimes and details of allergen admixture are likely to lead to better efficacy inCAD. Evaluation of biomarkers for successful therapy may also be of benefit.Potentially important advances in human medicine, that have yet to be explored in dogs, include use of modified allergen preparations such as allergoids, recombinant major allergens or allergen peptides; modification with adjuvants; or packaging of the above in virus‐like particles. Co‐administration of immunomodulators such as CpG oligodeoxynucleotides or specific monoclonal antibodies might direct the immune response in the desired direction while calming the “cytokine storm” of active disease.Initial trials of alternative routes of administration such as intralymphatic immunotherapy have yielded exciting results in humans, and continuing study in dogs is underway. Progress inASITof human food allergy may provide clues that will assist with improved diagnosis and patient management ofCAD. Importantly, further study must be undertaken to clarify the conditions under whichASITis a valuable treatment modality for dogs.