bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio‐Temporal Characteristics and Variability of GNSS‐Derived Atmospheric Precipitable Water Vapor From 2010 to 2023 in Fujian Province, China
Authors: Pan Weihua , Wang Shuiying , Su Chuhan , Yu Yongjiang , Li Ling , Weng Shenheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAtmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) is a crucial factor affecting precipitation and the atmospheric environment. To quantitatively investigate the spatio‐temporal distribution and characteristics of the PWV in Fujian, China, its diurnal and seasonal variations are analyzed based on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data from 2010 to 2023, ground meteorological observations, meteorological sounding data and ERA5 data. Moreover, the spatio‐temporal characteristics of the monthly PWV are assessed by using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF), the Mann‐Kendall test and the sliding t‐test. The results indicate that the ground‐based GNSS PWV data is able to reveal the distribution and variation of PWV over Fujian. Specifically, the diurnal distribution of the PWV varies remarkably with time, and the PWV in the eastern coastal areas is generally higher than in the western mountainous areas. The seasonal variation characteristics of the PWV are consistent with the atmospheric circulation variations, with the largest amount of PWV in summer, followed by spring, autumn and winter. Moreover, the EOF spatial modes show that the PWV distributions are different in the eastern coastal areas and inland mountainous areas. The oscillation intensity of the PWV strengthens from the northwest to the southeast, and the corresponding time series of the PWV displays apparent seasonal variations. The observed precipitation is inconsistent with the PWV and is more affected by local terrain and thermodynamic conditions. The Mann‐Kendall test and the sliding t‐test indicate that the PWV over Fujian has not undergone abrupt changes during the past 13 years, but there is a possibility of sudden changes in the future.
Spatio-temporal breather dynamics in microcomb soliton crystals
Authors: Hu Futai , Vinod Abhinav Kumar , Wang Wenting , Chin Hsiao-Hsuan , McMillan James F. , Zhan Ziyu , Meng Yuan , Gong Mali , Wong Chee Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSolitons, the distinct balance between nonlinearity and dispersion, provide a route toward ultrafast electromagnetic pulse shaping, high-harmonic generation, real-time image processing, and RF photonic communications. Here we uniquely explore and observe the spatio-temporal breather dynamics of optical soliton crystals in frequency microcombs, examining spatial breathers, chaos transitions, and dynamical deterministic switching – in nonlinear measurements and theory. To understand the breather solitons, we describe their dynamical routes and two example transitional maps of the ensemble spatial breathers, with and without chaos initiation. We elucidate the physical mechanisms of the breather dynamics in the soliton crystal microcombs, in the interaction plane limit cycles and in the domain-wall understanding with parity symmetry breaking from third-order dispersion. We present maps of the accessible nonlinear regions, the breather frequency dependences on third-order dispersion and avoided-mode crossing strengths, and the transition between the collective breather spatio-temporal states. Our range of measurements matches well with our first-principles theory and nonlinear modeling. To image these soliton ensembles and their breathers, we further constructed panoramic temporal imaging for simultaneous fast- and slow-axis two-dimensional mapping of the breathers. In the phase-differential sampling, we present two-dimensional evolution maps of soliton crystal breathers, including with defects, in both stable breathers and breathers with drift. Our fundamental studies contribute to the understanding of nonlinear dynamics in soliton crystal complexes, their spatio-temporal dependences, and their stability-existence zones.
Structure and mechanism of a phosphotransferase system glucose transporter
Authors: Roth Patrick , Jeckelmann Jean-Marc , Fender Inken , Ucurum Zöhre , Lemmin Thomas , Fotiadis Dimitrios 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlucose is the primary source of energy for many organisms and is efficiently taken up by bacteria through a dedicated transport system that exhibits high specificity. In Escherichia coli, the glucose-specific transporter IICBGlc serves as the major glucose transporter and functions as a component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the glucose-bound IICBGlc protein. The dimeric transporter embedded in lipid nanodiscs was captured in the occluded, inward- and occluded, outward-facing conformations. Together with biochemical and biophysical analyses, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we provide insights into the molecular basis and dynamics for substrate recognition and binding, including the gates regulating the binding sites and their accessibility. By combination of these findings, we present a mechanism for glucose transport across the plasma membrane. Overall, this work provides molecular insights into the structure, dynamics, and mechanism of the IICBGlc transporter in a native-like lipid environment.
Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis of dengue transmission in Lao PDR
Authors: Soukavong Mick , Thinkhamrop Kavin , Pratumchart Khanittha , Soulaphy Chanthavy , Xangsayarath Phonepadith , Mayxay Mayfong , Phommachanh Sysavanh , Kelly Matthew , Wangdi Kinley , Clements Archie C. A. , Suwannatrai Apiporn T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDengue, a zoonotic viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, poses a significant public health concern throughout the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). This study aimed to describe spatial–temporal patterns and quantify the effects of environmental and climate variables on dengue transmission at the district level. The dengue data from 2015 to 2020 across 148 districts of Lao PDR were obtained from the Lao PDR National Center for Laboratory and Epidemiology (NCLE). The association between monthly dengue occurrences and environmental and climate variations was investigated using a multivariable Zero-inflated Poisson regression model developed in a Bayesian framework. The study analyzed a total of 72,471 dengue cases with an incidence rate of 174 per 100,000 population. Each year, incidence peaked from June to September and a large spike was observed in 2019. The Bayesian spatio-temporal model revealed a 9.1% decrease (95% credible interval [CrI] 8.9%, 9.2%) in dengue incidence for a 0.1 unit increase in monthly normalized difference vegetation index at a 1-month lag and a 5.7% decrease (95% CrI 5.3%, 6.2%) for a 1 cm increase in monthly precipitation at a 6-month lag. Conversely, dengue incidence increased by 43% (95% CrI 41%, 45%) for a 1 °C increase in monthly mean temperature at a 3-month lag. After accounting for covariates, the most significant high-risk spatial clusters were detected in the southern regions of Lao PDR. Probability analysis highlighted elevated trends in 45 districts, emphasizing the importance of targeted control strategies in high-risk areas. This research underscores the impact of climate and environmental factors on dengue transmission, emphasizing the need for proactive public health interventions tailored to specific contexts in Lao PDR.
Acceleration of ion phase-space holes due to interactions with ion solitons in a wave-guided plasma
Authors: Lobo Allen , Sayal Vinod Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIon phase-space holes are solitary kinetic structures found in the ion phase-space of collision-less plasmas, and are nonlinear solutions to the Vlasov-Poisson equations, identified as Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) modes. In this study, interactions between an ion phase-space hole and a travelling ion KdV soliton is presented. This interaction, which is simulated in a fully ionised highly magnetised plasma within a cylindrical wave-guide, exhibits acceleration and deacceleration of the ion hole, depending on its mode of collision with the travelling ion soliton. We present these interactions and discuss the mechanism of this interaction between the two solitary waves.
COVID-19 and mental distress among health professionals in eight European countries during the third wave: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Dechent Frieder , Mayer Gwendolyn , Hummel Svenja , Moritz Steffen , Benoy Charles , Almeida Rosa , Durán Raquel Losada , Ribeiro Oscar , Frisardi Vincenza , Tarricone Ilaria , Ferrari Silvia , Lemogne Cédric , Huber Christian , Weidt Steffi , Schultz Jobst-Hendrik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEven during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic health professionals were facing mental health challenges. The aim of this study was to examine the mental health of doctors, nurses and other professional groups in Europe and to identify differences between the professional groups. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in 8 European countries. We asked for demographic data, whether the participants were exposed to COVID-19 at work, for main information sources about the pandemic, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and major stressors. A MANCOVA was carried out to find predictors of mental health among health care professionals. The sample (N = 1398) consisted of 237 physicians, 459 nurses, and 351 other healthcare professionals and 351 non-medical professionals with no direct involvement in patient care. The mean mental health of all groups was affected to a mild degree. Major predictors for depression and anxiety were the profession group with higher scores especially in the group of the nurses and working directly with COVID-patients. In the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the psychological burden on health professionals has remained high, with being nurse and working directly with COVID19 patients being particular risk factors for mental distress. We found as a main result that nurses scored significantly higher on depression and anxiety than practitioners.
Motion onset VEPs can see through the blur
Authors: Kordek D. , Young L. , Voda P. , Kremláček J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMotion-onset visual evoked potentials (MO VEPs) are robust to dioptric blur when low contrast and low spatial frequency patterns are used for stimulation. To reveal mechanisms of MO VEPs robustness, we studied whether the resistance to defocus persists even when using a high-contrast checkerboard using digital defocus in the emmetropic eyes of 13 subjects (males 20–60 years). We compared the dominant components of MO VEPs to pattern-reversal VEPs (PR VEP), which are sensitive to the blur. For stimulation, we used checkerboard patterns with 15´ and 60´ checks. To defocus the checkerboard, we rendered it with a second-order Zernike polynomial ($${Z}_{2}^{0}$$

Z

2

0

) with an equivalent defocus of 0, 2, or 4 D. For PR VEP, the checkerboards were reversed in terms of their contrast. To evoke MO VEP, the checkerboard of 60´ checks moved for 200 ms with a speed of 5 or 10 deg/s in the cardinal directions. The MO VEP did not change in peak time (P ≥ 0.0747) or interpeak amplitude (P > 0.0772) with digital blur. In contrast, for PR VEP, the results showed a decrease in interpeak amplitude (P ≤ 6.65ˑ10-4) and an increase in peak time (P ≤ 0.0385). Thus, we demonstrated that MO VEPs evoked by checkerboard, structure containing high spatial content, can be robust to defocus.
Misconceptions in Epilepsy and its Differentiation from Psychogenic Nonepileptic Events in Pakistan: The Dilemma in Underdeveloped Regions
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Arsalan , Khalid Aashar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEpilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by unpredictable seizures, significantly impacting emotional well-being and interpersonal relationships. Despite being a prevalent condition, pervasive myths and misconceptions persist, leading to stigma and societal discrimination. Disparities in epilepsy prevalence exist between affluent and impoverished nations, with higher rates observed in economically disadvantaged regions. In Pakistan, epilepsy affects over 2 million individuals, predominantly in rural areas, yet accurate diagnosis and treatment remain challenging due to limited access to specialized health care facilities and diagnostic tools like video electroencephalogram. Compounding this issue is the misdiagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) as epilepsy, resulting in inappropriate treatments and increased health care costs. Addressing these challenges necessitates a multifaceted approach, including awareness campaigns to dispel myths, improving access to diagnostic tools and specialized care, enhancing health care provider training, and integrating epilepsy management into primary health systems. Collaboration between stakeholders, along with increased research efforts, is vital to ensure equitable access to diagnosis and treatment for epilepsy and PNES, irrespective of geographical location or socioeconomic status.
《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》在美国落地的挑战和意义
Authors: Tian Ye , Dietrich Maiheng , Wu Grace 
Published: September 2024

提要
通过分析美国宾夕法尼亚大学中文项目八门主要中文课程使用的三部教材《一言一行学中文》、《传承中文》、《新的中国》中汉字、词汇的数量与等级，本研究探讨《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》在美国落地的挑战和意义，也为未来美国大学中文课程的总体设计、衔接和教材编写提供参考依据。
《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》
Authors: Zheng Yue , Bai Bingbing , Li Ya’nan , Liu Lixin 
Published: September 2024

提要
等级描述语是《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》的核心内容之一，本文聚焦“听、说、读、写、译”五项语言技能中的“说”，回顾了语言标准的研制理论，介绍了“说”等级描述语的研制原则、描写角度及效度验证结果。最后结合美国中文教学的实际情况，就“说”等级描述语在教学与测试中的应用提出建议。
Interveners’ performance of “identity work” in the context of Chinese bystander intervention
Authors: Li Jie , Chen Xinren 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The present study examines a variety of “identity work” that interveners perform discursively in the context of
Chinese bystander intervention, a communicative strategy underexplored in related literature. Analyzing data from 3 Chinese social
observation TV shows, it showcases the varied categories of identity work performed and the discursive practices employed by the
interveners. It demonstrates that identity work is a common device used by Chinese intervener to serve the purpose of intervention
and that it is driven by their needs to seek interactional power, pursue social alignment and justify accusation. Hopefully, the
present study could lend further support to the current conceptualization of identity as communicators’ resource to satisfy their
communicative needs in Chinese social interaction.
Task design, needs analysis, and task sequencing
Authors: Van den Branden Kris , Coss Matthew D. , Gilabert Roger , Malicka Aleksandra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this interview, Kris Van den Branden (TASK Co-Editor) and Matt Coss (TASK Editorial Assistant) invited
international experts Dr. Roger Gilabert and Dr. Aleksandra Malicka to discuss their scholarship and recent thinking on areas of
TBLT including needs analysis, syllabus design, task sequencing, and task design.
Arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) in ZBLAN fibers for switchable dual-wavelength fiber lasers in the O- and S-band regions
Authors: Ahmad Harith , Nizamani Bilal , Samion Muhamad Zharif , Radzi Zamri , Sun Shufeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this work, the potential of arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) in ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF (ZBLAN) fibers to produce a dual-wavelength fiber laser (DWFL) is presented, covering the O- and S- communication bands. These DWFLs are rarely reported, and this is the first demonstration in these bands using AWGs and ZBLAN fibers with dopants such as praseodymium and thulium. The O-band DWFL was achieved in a praseodymium-doped fluoride fiber laser (PDFFL), and the S-band DWFL was obtained in thulium-doped fluoride fiber lasers (TDFFLs). The dual wavelength with a wavelength spacing of 2.7 nm was generated at operating wavelengths of 1307.4 and 1310.1 nm in the O-band. Meanwhile, the S-band DWFL was generated at operating wavelengths of 1503.6 and 1505.9 nm, with a wavelength spacing of 2.3 nm. The two DWFLs were switched by changing AWG channels within the PDFFL and TDFFL cavities. The O-band and S-band DWFLs were switchable at wavelength spacings of 2.7–22.8 nm and 2.3–20.8 nm, respectively. These DWFLs in communication bands provide opportunities for possible applications in dense wavelength division multiplexing high-speed optical networks.
The effect of afforestation on a regional carbon sink: a case study in the Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Yue Xu , Zhou Hao , Yu Zhen , Yuan Wenping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As one of the most densely populated and economically developed regions in China, Yangtze River Delta (YRD) has confronted with substantial land cover change (LCC) over the past several decades. This study investigates the impact of climate change and LCC on carbon dynamics in the YRD region for 1990–2019, taking advantage of a high-resolution vegetation model and two well-established LCC data in China. Simulated gross primary productivity increases from 0.52 ± 0.02 Pg[C] yr−1 in the 1990s to 0.57 ± 0.01 Pg[C] yr−1 in the 2010s with the major contribution by CO2 fertilization effect. The regional carbon sink, measured as net biospheric productivity (NBP), peaks at 0.03 Pg[C] yr−1 in the 2000s but remains stable or slightly decreases in the 2010s depending on the LCC datasets. Forests act as the main contributors to the enhancement of the regional carbon sink, with negative contributions from the loss of shrubland and grassland. The stable NBP during 2000–2019 suggests a potential slowdown in the efficacy of carbon sink as forests mature. While forest expansion significantly promotes NBP, the carbon released during the replacement of other vegetation types suggests that afforestation efforts need to be complemented with associated supportive measures to prevent newly forested areas from becoming net carbon sources.
On eigenvalue gaps of integer matrices
Authors: Abrams Aaron , Landau Zeph , Pommersheim Jamie , Srivastava Nikhil 
Published: September 2024

Given an

n
×
n

n\times n

matrix with integer entries in the range

[
−
h
,
h
]

[-h,h]

, how close can two of its distinct eigenvalues be?

The best previously known examples (Lu [Minimum eigenvalue separation, ProQuest LLC, Ann Arbor, MI, 1992. Thesis (Ph.D.)–University of California, Berkeley; Wilkinson [The algebraic eigenvalue problem, Monographs on Numerical Analysis, The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, New York, 1988]) have a minimum gap of

h

−
O
(
n
)

h^{-O(n)}

. Here we give an explicit construction of matrices with entries in

[
0
,
h
]

[0,h]

with two eigenvalues separated by at most

h

−

n
2

/

16
+
o
(

n
2

)

h^{-n^2/16+o(n^2)}

. Up to a constant in the exponent, this agrees with the known lower bound of

Ω
(
(
2

n

)

−

n
2

h

−

n
2

)

\Omega ((2\sqrt {n})^{-n^2}h^{-n^2})

(Mahler [Michigan Math. J. 11 (1964), pp. 257–262]). Bounds on the minimum gap are relevant to the worst case analysis of algorithms for diagonalization and computing canonical forms of integer matrices (e.g. Dey et al. [Bit complexity of Jordan normal form and polynomial spectral factorization, Schloss Dagstuhl. Leibniz-Zent. Inform., Wadern, 2023, pp. Art. No. 42]).

In addition to our explicit construction, we show there are many matrices with a slightly larger gap of roughly

h

−

n
2

/

32

h^{-n^2/32}

. We also construct 0-1 matrices which have two eigenvalues separated by at most

2

−

n
2

/

64
+
o
(

n
2

)

2^{-n^2/64+o(n^2)}

.
Do we have our FACTTs straight about cor pulmonale in acute respiratory distress syndrome?
Authors: Hockstein Maxwell A , Duggal Abhijit , Siuba Matthew T 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
The incidence of cor pulmonale in acute respiratory distress syndrome is roughly 20–25% and is associated with nearly 50% increase in mortality risk. Our primary aim was to quantify the association of traditional cor pulmonale risk factors {pH, PaO2:FiO2 ratio, PaCO2, and driving pressure [plateau pressure minus the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)]} and PEEP with the mentioned cor pulmonale parameters.

Methods and results
Using data from the FACTT trial, we examined four cor pulmonale parameters. In addition to pulmonary arterial compliance (Cpa) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRi), we assessed pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) and effective arterial elastance (Ea) of the pulmonary circulation. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] Cpa on study day 1 was 4.28 mL/mmHg (3.14, 6.08). Increasing pH and P:F were associated with an increase in Cpa. Median (IQR) Ea on Day 1 was 0.48 mmHg/mL (0.36, 0.66). Increase of pH, PaCO2, and P:F were associated with a decrease in Ea, while an increase in PEEP was associated with an increase in Ea. Median (IQR) PAPi on Day 1 was 1.58 (1.13, 2.38). Increase in pH was associated with an increase in PAPi, while increase in PEEP was associated with a decrease in PAPi. Median (IQR) PVRi on Day 1 was 3.86 WU*m2 (2.45, 4.79). Increases in PaCO2 and P:F were associated with a decrease in PVRi, while increasing driving pressure and PEEP were associated with an increase in PVRi.

Conclusion
While the FACTT data demonstrate neither a clear nor a consistent relationship between right ventricular-pulmonary arterial function and traditional risk factors, this does not indicate their unimportance.
Bone-targeting engineered milk-derived extracellular vesicles for MRI-assisted therapy of osteoporosis
Authors: Huang Qing , Jiang Yang , Cao Yang , Ding Yunchuan , Cai Jinghui , Yang Tingqian , Zhou Xin , Wu Qiang , Li Danyang , Liu Qingyu , Li Fangping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is the cause of osteoporosis. Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs), excellent drug delivery nanocarriers, can promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption. In this study, we conjugated bone-targeting peptide (AspSerSer, DSS)6 to mEVs by click chemistry and then loaded with SRT2104, a SIRT1 (silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1) agonist that was proofed to help reduce bone loss. The engineered (DSS)6-mEV-SRT2104 had the intrinsic anti-osteoporosis function of mEVs and SRT2104 to reverse the imbalance in bone homeostasis by simultaneously regulating osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, we labelled mEVs with MnB nanoparticles that can be used for the in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualization. The obtained nanocomposites significantly prevented bone loss in osteoporosis mice and increased bone mineral density, exhibiting superior bone accumulation under MRI. We believe the proposed (DSS)6-mEV-SRT2104/MnB provides a novel paradigm for osteoporosis treatment and monitoring.