bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How dry is dead? Evaluating the impact of desiccation on the viability of the invasive species Cissus quadrangularis
Authors: Mondragón‐Botero Ariadna , Powers Jennifer S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCissus quadrangularis is a succulent vine that degrades forests where it is not native by growing over trees and causing them to break or by impeding regeneration. Methods for its control have been tried but no satisfactory approach has been found yet. We carried out an experiment to analyze how much desiccation Cissus can endure before losing its ability to grow when rehydrated, using fragments of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 internodes to test if desiccation tolerance was affected by fragment length. We found that Cissus remains viable after losing up to 80% of its weight, with shorter fragments losing viability (capacity to grow) at 70% weight loss. No fragments sustained viability at 90% water loss, establishing a critical threshold for Cissus desiccation tolerance. Our study also showed that shorter fragments (0.5 internodes) were less viable compared to longer ones (1, 2 or 3 internodes). Cissus has a remarkable tolerance to desiccation. Therefore, management strategies should ensure complete dehydration of Cissus fragments to prevent its regrowth. Reducing fragments to smaller sizes could amplify the effectiveness of control measures by reducing their viability, but risks of increasing propagule numbers should be considered.
“Tipping the Balance”: Human Intervention in Large Language Model Multi‐Agent Debate
Authors: Triem Haley , Ding Ying 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMethods for eliciting reasoning from large language models (LLMs) are shifting from filtering natural language “prompts” through contextualized “personas,” towards structuring conversations between LLM instances, or “agents.” This work expands upon LLM multiagent debate by inserting human opinion into the loop of generated conversation. To simulate complex reasoning, LLM instances were given United States district court decisions and asked to debate whether to “affirm” or “not affirm” the decision. Agents were examined in three phases: “synthetic debate,” where one LLM instance simulated a three‐agent discussion; “multiagent debate,” where three LLM instances discussed among themselves; and “human‐AI debate,” where multiagent debate was interrupted by human opinion. During each phase, a nine‐step debate was simulated one‐hundred times, yielding 2,700 total debate steps. Resulting conversations generated by synthetic debate followed a pre‐set cadence, proving them ineffective at simulating individual agents and confirming that mechanism engineering is critical for multiagent debate. Furthermore, the reasoning process backing multiagent decision‐making was strikingly similar to human decision‐making. Finally, it is discovered that while LLMs do weigh human input more heavily than AI opinion, it is only by a small threshold. Ultimately, this work asserts that careful, human‐in‐the‐loop framework is critical for designing value‐aware, agentic AI agents.
Can Seniors Spot Deepfakes? A Diary Study of Deepfake Identification Strategies
Authors: Chun Rachel Wan Ying , Huang Shilan , Goh Dion Hoe‐Lian , Lee Chei Sian , Theng Yin‐Leng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDeepfake identification research currently lacks focus on seniors. We address this gap through a diary study to elicit seniors' deepfake identification strategies over three weeks. Results indicate that seniors performed well in identification performance, and over time, were able to integrate multiple strategies, enhancing identification accuracy. Implications of our work are discussed.
First Insights into the Coverage of Conversational Agents in LIS Sources
Authors: Imeri Aylin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis poster addresses the research question of whether conversational agents (CAs) play a role within the Library and Information Science (LIS) publication sources and provides preliminary insights. At the time of research, the Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) database included 271 LIS publication sources. Twenty‐seven percent of these sources related to research topics on conversational agents. In total, the dataset included 351 documents extracted from Scopus. With 59 publications, the journal Education and Information Technologies listed the greatest number of articles. A ranking by the number of authors showed China (N = 239), the United States (N = 222), and India (N = 87) as the top three countries.
TORCHLITE: New, Open Analytical Tools and Infrastructure for a Mega‐Scale Digital Library
Authors: Lamba Manika , Walsh John , Dubnicek Ryan , Christie Jennifer , Downie J. Stephen , Swatscheno Janet , Kudeki Deren , Layne‐Worthey Glen 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces TORCHLITE, an innovative HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC) open analytical and computational framework designed to offer efficient, open, and approachable access to the HTRC Extracted Features (EF) dataset via a well‐documented web‐based API. This poster will summarize project goals and progress, and discuss community engagement, which has played a pivotal role in this project. During a hackathon event held in spring 2024, TORCHLITE fostered collaboration among digital humanities and information science scholars to develop widgets and notebooks utilizing the EF API. Through the hackathon, participants explored the API's capabilities, leading to the creation of over a dozen analytical widgets and interactive programming notebooks (e.g., Jupyter).
Trialkylsulfonium Thiocyanate Ionic Liquids: Investigation on Temperature‐Dependent Ignition Behavior of Green Hypergolic Propellants
Authors: Stölzle Sophie C. , Kruse Lennart , Freudenmann Dominic 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThree trialkylsulfonium thiocyanate ionic liquids (ILs) are presented as fuel candidates for novel green hypergolic propellants. The physical and chemical properties such as density, viscosity, melting point and decomposition temperature as well as the enthalpy of formation of the ILs were determined. Further, the research focused on the potential of the ILs as fuel components for hypergolic propellants with highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide as oxidizer. For this, the theoretical maximum specific impulses of the propellants were calculated with NASA CEA. To evaluate the ignition delay times of the hypergolic propellants, drop tests were carried out. These were conducted not only at ambient conditions but also at lower levels of fuel temperature. It was found that all three propellant combinations still ignited reliably at temperature levels down to −25°C, however, the average ignition delay increased at lower temperatures. Overall, not only three promising hypergolic fuels were identified, but also important insights into the temperature‐dependent ignition behavior of hypergolic ionic liquid‐based propellants with thiocyanate anions were obtained.
Structure‐based virtual screening of novel chitin synthase inhibitors for the control of Phytophthora sojae
Authors: Liu Yuansheng , Liu Jinfeng , Xia Yeqiang , Chen Wei , Li Yingchen , He Xiao , Yang Qing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDChitin synthase (CHS) is an important target for pesticide development as chitin biosynthesis is essential for the survival and reproduction of various organisms, such as oomycetes, fungi and insects. Small‐molecule inhibitors of CHS have potential applications for the control of agricultural pests and diseases.RESULTSIn this study, exploiting the cryo‐EM structures of PsChs1, the CHS indispensable to the sporangial production and virulence of soybean root rot pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora sojae, a virtual screening method combining by molecular docking, inhibitory activity measurement and biological activity determination was conducted, to identify novel small‐molecule inhibitors of CHS. A chemical library containing ≈1.8 million compounds was screened, and four potent inhibitors (HS‐20, HS‐24, HS‐36 and HS‐40) were identified. Amongst these compounds, HS‐20 showed the most potent inhibitory activity with a Ki value of 4.2 ± 0.2 μM. Besides inhibitory activities towards PsChs1, these compounds were effective in decreasing sporangial production and preventing zoospore infection. When inoculated with zoospores, HS‐20 and HS‐24 completely inhibited the growth of P. sojae, suggesting their potential in its prevention and control.CONCLUSIONThis study identified four new compounds with potent chitin synthase (CHS) inhibitory activity, all of which significantly reduce sporangia production and zoospore infection. It also presents promising in silico techniques and small molecule candidates for the design and development of novel CHS inhibitors. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Manganese Electrochemistry in a Deep Eutectic Solvent: The Effects of KBr
Authors: Alesary Hasan F. , Noori Duha Y. , Al‐Yasari Ahmed , Hassan Waqed H. , Taj‐Aldeen Rafid A. , Ismail Hani K. , Athab Zahraa H. , Halbus Ahmed F. , Barton Stephen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis work reports the effects of potassium bromide (KBr) on the electrodeposition of manganese on copper from a DES consisting of a stoichiometric 1:2 mix of choline chloride and ethylene glycol (Ethaline 200). The speciation of MnCl2.4H2O in Ethaline 200 has been investigated using UV–vis spectroscopy, in particular with regard to the addition of KBr to the plating bath, for which no apparent change in the Mn species was noted. This said, the physical properties of the manganese deposits themselves were found to have been considerably improved in comparison to when KBr was omitted from the bath; indeed, the actual adhesion of Mn was achieved for the first time on a copper substrate, somewhat remarkably producing a coating of some considerable thickness. Given its clear electrochemical behavior of the Mn liquid were subsequently determined via cyclic voltammetry method. A reduction in the peak current of Mn was noted on addition of KBr. The mechanism of Mn deposition has been examined via chronocoulometry and chronoamperometry. Surface analyses of Mn deposits have been conducted via SEM/EDX, AFM, and XRD, from which improvements to the Mn surface coatings in depositions performed from an electrolyte containing 0.1 M KBr were noted.
The Role of Kinetic Asymmetry in Chemical and Thermodynamic Coupling
Authors: Dean Astumian R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe input of energy can shift an isomerization reaction A⇌B away from equilibrium, but which way, in favor of A or in favor of B? The answer to this question lies in understanding kinetic asymmetry, a concept first discussed in the context of how energy from an oscillating or fluctuating perturbation can act in concert with a catalyst to drive a reaction away from equilibrium. The key theoretical result is the non‐equilibrium pumping equality that generalizes the idea of the equilibrium constant to the non‐equilibrium steady‐state.
Impact of colorectal cancer screening programme on survival and employment in Taiwan: A nationwide analysis of real‐world data
Authors: Chen Wei‐Ying , Lu Yi‐Peng , Chien Yu‐Wen , Ku Li‐Jung Elizabeth , Wang Jung‐Der 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) leads to life loss and a significant economic burden, which could be reduced by CRC screening.ObjectiveWe assessed the potential savings of lives and employment to evaluate the effectiveness of the Taiwan CRC Screening Programme.MethodsThrough interlinkages among Taiwan Cancer Registry, National Mortality Registry, Taiwan CRC Screening Database, and National Health Insurance claim data, we enroled patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, aged 50–74 years and diagnosed during 2004–2017, and followed them up to 2018. Life expectancy (LE), lifetime employment duration (LED), loss‐of‐LE and loss‐of‐LED were calculated, compared with age‐, sex‐ and calendar year‐matched cohorts. Assuming no difference within a specific stage for screen‐detected versus non‐screen detected CRC and weighting them by different stage distributions, we compared the total loss‐of‐LE and loss‐of‐LED.ResultsThe cohort enroled 77,169 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, which included 31,728 women (mean [SD] age, 62.5 [7.1] years) and 45,441 men (mean [SD] age, 62.8 [6.8] years). The mean loss‐of‐LE and loss‐of‐LED in women were 6.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.7–6.3) and 1.0 (95% CI 0.8–1.1) year(s), whereas those in men were 5.1 (95% CI 4.9–5.4) and 1.1 (95% CI 1.0–1.2) years, respectively. Among the cohort, 53,678 cases had the screening information. On average, screening potentially saved 2.9 (95% CI 2.6–3.2) years of life expectancy plus 0.5 (95% CI 0.4–0.6) years of employment per case in women and 2.7 (95% CI 2.5–3.0) years plus 0.6 (95% CI 0.5–0.7) years in men, respectively.ConclusionThe Taiwan CRC Screening Programme is associated with the savings of lives and employment duration. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of beginning screening at a younger age after accounting for saving employment loss and possibly adjusting lead time bias.
Developing a large‐scale quality improvement program for thyroid cancer surgery
Authors: Jensen Catherine B. , Bacon Elizabeth M. , Krumeich Lauren N. , Underwood Hunter J. , Hughes David T. , Gauger Paul G. , Burney Richard , Pitt Susan C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurgical quality improvement (QI) plays a critical role in optimizing patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. QI programs focusing specifically on thyroid cancer surgical care are lacking. This study aimed to (a) select and introduce surgical quality indicators for thyroid cancer and (b) identify areas for QI at the state‐level.MethodsA multidisciplinary team of thyroid cancer and QI experts selected 10 thyroid cancer‐specific quality indicators and assessed the quality of thyroid cancer surgical care compared to current national guidelines. Analysis of the first year (January–December 2023) of data collection was performed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe thyroid cancer quality indicators included preoperative cytology, postoperative pathology, staging, cancer size, margin status, extrathyroidal extension, lymph nodes, postoperative complications within 30 days, documented follow‐up treatment, and documented surveillance plans. 112 surgeons performed 360 thyroidectomies for thyroid cancer at 51 hospitals. Preoperative cytology was not performed in 34.3% (n = 103) of cases with thyroid cancer on final pathology. When the extent of surgery was evaluated by papillary cancer size, 50.0% (n = 38) of patients with <1 cm cancers underwent total thyroidectomy, and 13.8% (n = 4) with >4 cm underwent thyroid lobectomy. Positive margins were found in 16.2% (n = 53). Postoperatively, 19.2% (n = 69) of patients lacked documented follow‐up, and 18.6% (n = 67) lacked thyroid cancer surveillance plans.ConclusionsEstablishing a dedicated QI program for thyroid cancer provides a previously unharnessed opportunity to enhance the quality of thyroid cancer surgical care. Statewide surgical quality collaboratives offer a model for establishing thyroid cancer QI initiatives across diverse healthcare settings in other states and countries.
Financial risk protection of heart disease‐affected households in Bangladesh: Insights from nationwide income and expenditure surveys
Authors: Rahman Taslima , Gasbarro Dominic , Alam Khurshid 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study assesses the financial risk protection (FRP) of heart disease‐affected households in Bangladesh by analyzing three rounds of Household Income and Expenditure Survey data (2005, 2010, and 2016). Amidst a global surge in cardiovascular diseases, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries, Bangladesh encounters an escalating burden of heart disease, with an over‐reliance on out‐of‐pocket (OOP) healthcare expenses. Our findings reveal a substantial increase in annual OOP spending for households affected by heart disease, from USD 307.4 in 2005 to USD 346.1 in 2010, and then surging to USD 650.5 in 2016. Concurrently, catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and impoverishment incidences rose (17.6% to 18.2% to 29.3% and 3.2% to 2.2% to 3.3%, respectively), with a notable increase post‐2010. These expenses and CHE incidences were consistently higher than those in households with any ailment, underscoring a disparity in FRP, especially among economically disadvantaged, rural households and those headed by individuals without formal education. The study contributes to the literature by providing a first‐time analysis of FRP dynamics against heart disease in Bangladesh using comprehensive national data. It uncovers the worsening FRP status among affected households and highlights the need for targeted interventions to enhance FRP, particularly among the most vulnerable groups. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of strategic public health investments to mitigate the financial repercussions of heart disease care, providing insights that are globally applicable to similar contexts.
Introduction
Authors: Becker Matthias J. , Troschke Hagen , Bolton Matthew , Chapelan Alexis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis book provides a systematic overview of the key concepts, stereotypes and topoi that make up antisemitic discourse online today. It outlines the distinguishing characteristics of 46 antisemitic concepts or stereotypes, ranging from classical or ‘canonical’ stereotypes that have existed for hundreds of years, to newer concepts that have emerged in the wake of the Holocaust and the establishment of the State of Israel. The book serves as a reference guide for anyone who has encountered a statement, text or image, that they suspect to be antisemitic. Through the interpretation of authentic statements, it shows how the antisemitic idea contained therein, as well as the linguistic mechanisms through which this idea is expressed, can be precisely identified.
Blame for Antisemitism
Authors: Scheiber Marcus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile antisemitic stereotypes ascribe generalised negative characteristics to Jews, blame for antisemitism goes further by holding Jews responsible for the hatred expressed towards them. It is claimed that Jews trigger antisemitism through their behaviour and actions or, in particular, through actions of Israel and/or those associated with Zionism. On the one hand, the attribution of blame is a strategy to redirect responsibility from those who engage in hate speech and hate crime onto those who are affected by it. In this way, antisemitism in all its forms is justified and rationalised. It is a strategy to deflect responsibility and conceal one's own aggression or that of those who spread antisemitic ideas or act accordingly. On the other, through the frequency with which this strategy has been used, the attribution that Jews are to blame for antisemitism has now become a standalone stereotype. As a result, discrimination and violence against Jews appear to be legitimised, as it is now regarded as a reaction to their alleged misconduct.
Power
Authors: Becker Matthias J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe notion that “Jews have too much power” has been a recurring theme in the history of antisemitism. This belief persists today, as evidenced by a 2023 survey conducted by the ADL, which revealed that over 20% of Americans subscribe to the idea that “Jews have too much power in the United States.” Additionally, nearly a quarter of all respondents expressed the belief that “Jews have too much power on Wall Street or in the business world.” This underscores a significant aspect of antisemitism: unlike racism, which seeks to portray certain groups as inferior, antisemitism also aims to propagate the image of Jewish omnipotence and depict Jews as a shadowy and oppressive elite.
Relativisation and Denial of Antisemitism
Authors: Scheiber Marcus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhilst antisemitic stereotypes and analogies aim at a generalising and essentialising attribution of negative characteristics to Jewish entities (thus, from the non-Jewish in-group to the Jewish out-group), the communicative strategies of Relativisation and denial of antisemitism only indirectly refer to Jewish entities by denying or reinterpreting antisemitism when it occurs in specific instances or in general. Moreover, these strategies focus on the speaker or commenter (and not on a character trait imputed to Jews); it is thus a matter of self-reference: in this particular case, they deal with the phenomenon of antisemitism in a certain discursive way. Thereby, antisemitism is deprived of its Judeophobic quality in the most diverse contexts, in order not to have to deal with it (be it due to a lack of empathy, injured national pride or a desire for exoneration). Relativisation of antisemitism aims to play down antisemitic acts—both in the past and the present—by imposing additional conditions on them for being deemed antisemitic, for example, when antisemitism is located solely in a certain era, or when Israelis are excluded from it, or when antisemitism is only considered within a religious dimension.
Holding Jews Collectively Responsible for Israel’s Actions
Authors: Placzynta Karolina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractApplying generalisations to an individual or a group based on their background—be it national, ethnic, religious or any other—is a common cognitive and discursive mechanism at the base of any stereotyping; it is also not unusual to blame the whole group for the faults or misdeeds of one of its members. While such sweeping assumptions are undeniably problematic, they are hardly unique to antisemitic discourse. However, this chapter deals specifically with the conceptualisation of all Jews and Israelis as a homogenous group liable for the actions of Israel on the basis of either their perceived religious affiliation or their ethnic origin, or both.
Colonialism Analogies
Authors: Ascone Laura 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhen Israel as a state or the policies of its government are compared to past colonial projects, the academic and historical dimension of debates about the concept and history of colonialism are overshadowed by the political uses and meanings ascribed to the concept today. Rather than an exploration of the complex historical relationship between Israel and colonialism—a task complicated by the positive use of the term by some early Zionist leaders, the fact that the State of Israel was formed in anti-imperialist struggle against the British, the lack of a Jewish ‘metropole’ from which a ‘peripheral’ colony could derive and the problem of Jewish settlements in the West Bank—contemporary political uses of the concept in relation to Israel do so in a simplistic, condemnatory manner. They erase the specific political and historical specificities of Zionism and Israel in order to conflate them in their entirety with the broader European colonial project.
Double Standards
Authors: Vincent Chloé , Bolton Matthew 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTreating Jews, Jewish practices or institutions with a double standard, purely on the basis of their Jewishness, is to discriminate against them. The application of these double standards to Jews can be overt—denying Jews alone certain political, economic or civil rights—or more subtle. Double standards might take the form of stricter regulation on ritual slaughter or Jewish schooling than on other, non-Jewish religious practices or education; refusing to allow Jewish workers time off for religious holidays, but allowing workers of other religious backgrounds to do so; banning Jewish police officers from wearing a yarmulke while allowing other religious headgear; or outlawing public Jewish religious ceremonies during the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic lockdowns while supporting the right to hold protests against anti-Black racism during the same period. At an individual level, double standards might become apparent in certain cultural, academic or political spheres in which Jews are only accepted as full members so long as they pass a ‘litmus test’ regarding the ‘correct’ attitudes to Israel and Zionism.