bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and reconstructing past biogeomorphic succession within fluvial corridors using stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Vautier Franck , Corenblit Dov , Hortobágyi Borbála , Fafournoux Laure , Steiger Johannes 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPast fluvial biogeomorphic succession dynamics, i.e. reciprocal interactions and adjustments between vegetation growth and fluvial landform construction, were monitored and reconstructed using stereophotogrammetry. The four‐dimensional spatio‐temporal stereophotogrammetric analyses were based on the use of archival analogue and digital aerial photographs. First, we tested the relevance of the technique to produce floodplain digital terrain models (DTMs) and cover height models (CHMs) of the dynamic River Allier, France, and compared the models derived from photogrammetric procedures to field measurements for CHMs and to LiDAR data for DTMs. Automatic photogrammetric procedures tended to create inaccurate digital models with production of outliers, incomplete sectors and areas of confusion especially for analogue stereo‐pairs. Expert correction using stereoscopic viewing improved the vertical accuracy of the digital models, but the vegetation height tended to be underestimated: approximately 0.50 m for vegetation heights less than 10 m, up to 1.50 m for tree heights higher than 25 m. Second, we applied this method to a wooded point bar located on the channelized River Garonne, France. At the scale of the point bar, accurate biogeomorphic maps that show terrain and vegetation height changes in all three spatial dimensions were produced and accurate vegetation growth curves from the early stages of establishment until maturity were extracted. Assuming that a set of conditions is satisfied (e.g. spatial scale of investigation, quality of the photographs), our results show that the photogrammetric method applied in this research can be used operationally to detect and quantify present fluvial biogeomorphic dynamics (i.e. changes of topography and vegetation canopy height) within fluvial corridors of temperate rivers with satisfactory accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study among three different phototherapy protocols to treat chemotherapy‐induced oral mucositis in hamsters
Authors: Campos Luana , Cruz Érika P. , Pereira Filipi S. , Arana‐Chavez Victor E. , Simões Alyne 
Published: April 2016

In this study, clinical, biochemical and histological analysis were used to compare different phototherapies, including LED, low and high‐power laser (HPL) for the treatment of chemotherapy (CT)‐induced oral mucositis (OM). One‐hundred‐fifty hamsters were divided into five groups: C: control; CH: CT/OM induction; L: CT/OM induction and treatment with LED (635 nm, 1.2 J), HL: CT/OM induction and treatment with HPL (808 nm, 10 J), LL: CT/OM induction and treatment with low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) (660 nm, 1.2 J). OM was induced by scratches performed on check pouch mucosa after two injections of 5‐Fluorouracil. The experiment lasted 10 days and OM was analyzed by specific clinical scales on days 5, 7 and 10. The animals were euthanized and the cheek pouch mucosa removed for biochemical (TNF‐α concentration) and histological (light microscopy) analysis. After statistical analysis, the authors' results showed LED and LLLT therapies were efficient treatments for OM, decreasing TNF‐α concentration on day 7 (p < 0.05) and completely healing the mucosa on day 10. HPL showed no interference in final healing of OM. According to the methodology used and the results obtained in the present study, LLLT and LED therapies were the best choices to decrease the severity of OM, accelerating tissue repair and decreasing the inflammatory process.
Clinical evaluation of OM in Groups CH, LL, L and HL and their respective arrangement of phototherapy treatments at different time intervals (5, 7 and 10 days).magnified imageClinical evaluation of OM in Groups CH, LL, L and HL and their respective arrangement of phototherapy treatments at different time intervals (5, 7 and 10 days).
Morphological arrangement of the coronary vasculature in a shark (Squalus sucklei) and a teleost (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Cox Georgina K. , Kennedy Gemma E. , Farrell Anthony P. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe coronary circulation is of great importance in maintaining cardiovascular function and consequently it has been extensively studied in many mammalian species. However, much less attention has been paid to the coronary circulation in other vertebrates. For example, while elasmobranch fishes are of special interest as they are the most ancient lineage of vertebrates to possess a coronary circulation, only qualitative studies exist on their coronary circulation and most concern the architecture of the large arteries. Our study tested the prediction that the coronary circulation of sharks is better developed than previously thought. However, to test this idea, a methodology was needed to quantify vascularity, vessel morphology and oxygen diffusion distances in a heart with predominantly spongy myocardium. Here, we describe this methodology using dogfish and rainbow trout and suggest that the dogfish spongy myocardium appears to rely predominantly on the coronary circulation for its oxygen supply, an arrangement that contrasts with the spongy myocardial tissue of rainbow trout. In support of this suggestion, the density of the microvasculature of the spongy myocardial tissue of dogfish exceeded that of their compact tissue. Although vascularity in the compact myocardium of dogfish was significantly lower than trout, intervascular distances were similar on account of a significantly larger vessel diameter in dogfish, which corresponds to a larger red blood cell size of the dogfish when compared to trout. J. Morphol. 277:896–905, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of endotoxins on orthopaedic fixation screws, using physicochemical surface analyses
Authors: França Rodrigo , Alfa Michelle , Olson Nancy , Yahia L'Hocine , Sacher Edward 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine if surface analysis techniques could be used to detect endotoxin on stainless steel malleolus screws. New malleolus screws were compared to ones that had been coated in purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Artificial Test Soil (ATS) containing lipopolysaccharide. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and time‐of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) were used to assess the fixation screws surface. Organic material was visualized on the LPS and ATS‐LPS inoculated screws but not on the new unsoiled screws. This was further supported by the peaks observed at masses between 40 and 100 D in TOF‐SIMS spectra of the LPS and ATS‐LPS inoculated screws. After deconvolution of N1s high resolution XPS spectra, the LPS inoculated screws showed amide groups whereas the ATS‐LPS inoculated screws showed predominantly nitroso groups (C‐NO). Our data demonstrate that surface analysis can be used to detect organic residuals present on fixation screws. The XPS data confirmed that LPS reacted predominantly with positively charged surface metallic ions (Fe and Cr), whereas proteins reacted with the surface oxide layer of fixation screws, forming C‐NO groups. The application of these surface analysis techniques will be helpful in determining if the reprocessing of such items results in an accumulation of organic material that might lead to aseptic loosening, when implanted. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:240–247, 2017.
A diatom‐inferred record of lake variability during the last 900 years in Lützow–Holm Bay, East Antarctica
Authors: Rudd Rachel C. , Tyler Jonathan J. , Tibby John , Yokoyama Yusuke , Tavernier Ines , Verleyen Elie , Fukui Manabu , Takano Yoshinori 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTDecadal–centennial‐scale climate variability in coastal Antarctica remains poorly understood due to the limited number of highly resolved, well‐dated records. We present a 900‐year, decadal‐scale reconstruction based on sedimentary diatoms from Lake Abi in Lützow–Holm Bay, East Antarctica. Hydrological change is inferred from diatom ecological preferences in conjunction with an existing regional training set and implies that lake water specific conductivity, depth and nitrogen availability are the key drivers of diatom assemblage change. Lake Abi underwent a series of subtle environmental changes related to these environmental variables, possibly driven by changes in catchment snow melt and the duration of seasonal ice cover. Ordination is used to trace the major patterns of change in the diatom community, with notable shifts identified between 470 and 400 and at ∼350 cal a BP (where present = CE 1950). The frequency of environmental variability at Lake Abi is broadly consistent with a record of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation during the last millennium, but contrasts with the apparent climate stability elsewhere in eastern Antarctica. Further research is required to constrain the limnological and ecological responses of lakes in coastal Antarctica to obtain more rigorous palaeoclimate reconstructions from these sites of immense potential.
Taxonomy, location of origin and health status of proboscideans from Western Canada investigated using stable isotope analysis
Authors: Metcalfe Jessica Z. , Longstaffe Fred J. , Jass Christopher N. , Zazula Grant D. , Keddie Grant 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTWe investigated the application of stable isotope analysis of proboscidean remains (collagen in bone/dentin/cementum and structural carbonate in enamel bioapatite) for genus‐level identification of isolated specimens, assessment of geographical origins, and testing for nutritional stress. Mammoths (Mammuthussp.) tended to have higher δ15Ncoland lower δ13Ccolthan mastodons (Mammutamericanum), but differences were not significant in every location. Determining the genus of isolated specimens may be possible for locations and time periods with good isotopic baselines, but environmental changes can confound interpretations. For example, an Alberta proboscidean with a δ15Ncolof +1.4‰ (characteristic of mastodons) ultimately proved to be a mammoth. Its surprisingly low nitrogen isotope composition is attributable to the recently deglaciated environment it inhabited. We provided a baseline for isotopic assessment of geographical origins of isolated proboscideans in Western Canada. Bioapatite δ13Cscand δ18Osccan be used to distinguish specimens from Alberta, Klondike, Old Crow, Herschel Island and further south (e.g. Arizona, Great Lakes). Finally, we found that an Alberta mammoth with morphological evidence of nutritional stress experienced a change in diet, environment or physiology before death, but its isotopic compositions did not suggest a link to hypothesized starvation (catabolism of proteins or reliance on lipids).
Epitympanum volume and tympanic isthmus area in temporal bones with retraction pockets
Authors: Monsanto Rafael da Costa , Pauna Henrique Furlan , Kaya Serdar , Hızlı Ömer , Kwon Geeyoun , Paparella Michael M. , Cureoglu Sebahattin 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare the volume of the epitympanic space, as well as the area of the tympanic isthmus, in human temporal bones with retraction pockets to those with chronic otitis media without retraction pockets and to those with neither condition.Study DesignComparative human temporal bone study.MethodsWe generated a three‐dimensional model of the bony epitympanum and measured the epitympanic space. We also compared the area of the tympanic isthmus.ResultsThe mean total volume of the epitympanum was 40.55 ± 7.14 mm3 in the retraction pocket group, 50.03 ± 8.49 mm3 in the chronic otitis media group, and 48.03 ± 9.16 mm3 in the neither condition group. The mean volume of the anterior, lateral, and medial compartments in temporal bones in the retraction pocket group was significantly smaller than in the two control groups (P < 0.05). Total epitympanic volume was also significantly smaller in the retraction pocket group than in both control groups (P < 0.05). The mean area of the tympanic isthmus was significantly smaller in the retraction pocket group (8.11 ± 2.44 mm2) than in the chronic otitis media group (9.82 ± 2.06 mm2) or the neither condition group (10.66 ± 1.78 mm2) (P < 0.05).ConclusionOur data indicate that temporal bones with retraction pockets have a smaller volume bony epitympanum and a smaller tympanic isthmus area as compared with temporal bones from both control groups. The smaller volume tympanic isthmus in the retraction pocket group may suggest that a blockage in the aeration pathways to the epitympanum could create dysventilation, resulting in negative pressure and ultimately in retraction pockets and cholesteatomas.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:E369–E374, 2016
Phonomicrosurgery simulation: A low‐cost teaching model using easily accessible materials
Authors: Zambricki Elizabeth A. , Bergeron Jennifer L. , DiRenzo Elizabeth E. , Sung C. Kwang 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo introduce the use of a new phonomicrosurgical trainer using easily accessible materials, and to establish the effectiveness of the model.Study DesignThe model uses a grape imbedded in gelatin, a microscope, and microlaryngeal instruments. The study was designed to test baseline differences in training levels, as well as improvement in performance after training with the simulation model.MethodsThirty subjects enrolled in the Stanford University School of Medicine otolaryngology training program performed microlaryngeal surgery tasks on a grape. Tasks were designed to model both excision of a vocal fold lesion and vocal fold injection. Anonymized video recordings comparing presimulation and postsimulation training were collected and graded by an expert laryngologist. Both objective comparison of skills and subjective participant surveys were analyzed.ResultsObjectively, trainees in all groups made statistically significant improvements across all tested variables, including microscope positioning, creation of a linear incision, elevation of epithelial flaps, excision of a crescent of tissue, vocal fold injection, preservation of remaining tissue, and time to complete all tasks. Subjectively, 100% of participants felt that they had increased comfort with microlaryngeal instruments and decreased intimidation of microlaryngeal surgery after completing the simulation training. This appreciation of skills was most notable and statistically significant in the intern trainees.ConclusionMicrolaryngeal surgical simulation is a tool that can be used to train residents to prepare them for phonomicrosurgical procedures at all levels of training. Our low‐cost model with accessible materials can be easily duplicated and used to introduce trainees to microlaryngeal surgery or improve skills of more senior trainees.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:2528–2533, 2016
Surgical salvage of recurrent vestibular schwannoma following prior stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Wise Stephanie C. , Carlson Matthew L. , Tveiten Øystein Vesterli , Driscoll Colin L. , Myrseth Erling , Lund‐Johansen Morten , Link Michael J. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate outcomes of salvage surgery for vestibular schwannoma (VS) that failed primary stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).MethodsCase‐control study of 37 patients who underwent surgical resection of sporadic VS following prior SRS at two tertiary academic referral centers between 2003 and 2015. A cohort of nonirradiated control subjects, matched according to tumor size, age, and treatment center, were used as comparison.ResultsThirty‐seven patients were included. The median time from radiation to surgical salvage was 36 months (range 9.6–153 months). Following tumor progression after SRS, 18 (49%) patients underwent gross total resection, 10 (27%) underwent near‐total resection, and nine (24%) underwent subtotal resection. Postoperative complications following salvage surgery included one (3%) case of stroke, four (11%) cases of cerebrospinal fluid leak, and two (5%) cases of meningitis. Twenty‐seven (73%) patients had good postoperative facial nerve outcome (House‐Brackmann Score I–II) at long‐term follow‐up. There were no cases of tumor recurrence or regrowth after a median length of 26 months following microsurgical salvage (range 3–114 months). The rate of satisfactory postoperative facial nerve function was not different between study and control subjects (73% vs. 76%; P = 0.8); however, less‐than‐complete resection was utilized more frequently among previously radiated patients (P = 0.01).ConclusionMicrosurgical salvage of VS following primary radiation therapy is challenging. Less‐than‐complete resection is required in a greater percentage of patients to preserve facial nerve integrity and prevent neurological complications. Long‐term follow‐up is needed to determine the risk of delayed progression following incomplete tumor removal.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 126:2580–2586, 2016
Can Iron Treatments Aggravate Epistaxis in Some Patients With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia?
Authors: Shovlin Claire L. , Gilson Clare , Busbridge Mark , Patel Dilip , Shi Chenyang , Dina Roberto , Abdulla F. Naziya , Awan Iman 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine whether there is a rationale for iron treatments precipitating nosebleeds (epistaxis) in a subgroup of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).Study DesignSurvey evaluation of HHT patients, and a randomized control trial in healthy volunteers.MethodsNosebleed severity in response to iron treatments and standard investigations were evaluated by unbiased surveys in patients with HHT. Serial blood samples from a randomized controlled trial of 18 healthy volunteers were used to examine responses to a single iron tablet (ferrous sulfate, 200 mg).ResultsIron tablet users were more likely to have daily nosebleeds than non–iron‐users as adults, but there was no difference in the proportions reporting childhood or trauma‐induced nosebleeds. Although iron and blood transfusions were commonly reported to improve nosebleeds, 35 of 732 (4.8%) iron tablet users, in addition to 17 of 261 (6.5%) iron infusion users, reported that their nosebleeds were exacerbated by the respective treatments. These rates were significantly higher than those reported for control investigations. Serum iron rose sharply in four of the volunteers ingesting ferrous sulfate (by 19.3–33.1 μmol/L in 2 hours), but not in 12 dietary controls (2‐hour iron increment ranged from −2.2 to +5.0 μmol/L). High iron absorbers demonstrated greater increments in serum ferritin at 48 hours, but transient rises in circulating endothelial cells, an accepted marker of endothelial damage.ConclusionsIron supplementation is essential to treat or prevent iron deficiency, particularly in patients with pathological hemorrhagic iron losses. However, in a small subgroup of individuals, rapid changes in serum iron may provoke endothelial changes and hemorrhage.Level of Evidence4.Laryngoscope, 126:2468–2474, 2016
Prolonged allergen exposure is associated with increased thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression and Th2‐skewing in mouse models of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Kim Dae Woo , Eun Kyoung Mi , Jin Hong Ryul , Cho Seong H. , Kim Dong‐Kyu 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by a dysfunctional host‐environment interaction at the nasal mucosa. Contributions of host susceptibility factors such as atopy and aspirin sensitivity to CRS pathophysiology are well established. However, clinical studies on the effects of environmental factors are limited. This study investigates the histological and immunological effects of allergen exposure duration in animal models.Study DesignAnimal study.MethodsA murine model for CRS with nasal polypoid lesions was induced by instilling ovalbumin/staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) into murine nasal cavities for 12 (short term) or 24 weeks (long term). Histopathological changes were observed. Interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐17A, IL‐10, and interferon (INF)‐γ levels from nasal lavage fluid were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expressions of IL‐25, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL‐4, IL‐5, INF‐γ, C‐C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)‐11, CCL‐24, C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)‐1, CXCL‐2, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)‐7, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐3 were analyzed from the nasal mucosa.ResultsLong‐term CRS models exhibited increased polypoid lesions, edematous mucosal thickness, and eosinophil infiltration compared with short‐term models and showed a higher IL‐10 level but lower IFN‐γ and IL‐17A protein levels. Moreover, CCL‐24 and MMP‐7 gene expressions increased whereas TIMP‐3 expression decreased in long‐term models compared to controls and short‐term models. IL‐25 and TSLP expressions were upregulated at mRNA and protein levels in short‐term and long‐term CRS models, respectively. Furthermore, TSLP mRNA expression was positively associated with IL‐5 (r = 0.8754) and inversely correlated to IFN‐γ (r = −0.7212) in CRS models.ConclusionsProlonged allergen exposure in ovalbumin/SEB‐induced CRS models maintains Th2 inflammation and reduces Th1 inflammation, which was associated with upregulation of TSLP.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:E265–E272, 2016
Phonosurgical resection using submucosal infusion technique for precancerous laryngeal leukoplakia
Authors: Kono Takeyuki , Saito Koichiro , Yabe Haruna , Ogawa Kaoru 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisThis study was designed to assess the feasibility of the submucosal infusion technique combined with microflap dissection as a radical therapeutic and diagnostic option for precancerous laryngeal leukoplakia.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsSevere dysplasia or carcinoma in situ was diagnosed after phonomicrosurgical dissections in 25 patients with unilateral laryngeal leukoplakia. Of these, 15 patients preferred no additional surgery (observation group), whereas 10 patients underwent further laser subligamental cordectomy (additional surgery group). The relationship between the initial surgical margin and histopathological characteristics of additionally excised tissues was assessed to evaluate diagnostic reliability. Disease control was assessed to determine the oncologic efficacy of the therapeutic procedure. Comparative multidimensional vocal assessments were performed in both groups to evaluate functional advantages of one‐stage excision.ResultsAfter the initial phonomicrosurgical resection, three patients had residual dysplastic lesions near the vocal process and anterior commissure, whereas three other patients had lesions suspicious for recurrence. No postoperative malignant transformation was observed in any patient. Although well‐preserved vocal function was observed in the observation group, vocal quality deteriorated shortly after laser surgery in the additional surgery group. Regarding acoustics, aerodynamics, and quality‐of‐life evaluations, statistically equivalent scores were observed between the observation and control groups, whereas scores were inferior in the additional surgery group than in the control group.ConclusionsPhonomicrosurgical resection may be a therapeutic option with oncologic efficacy against precancerous laryngeal leukoplakia. This radical management might achieve more satisfactory postoperative vocal function.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:153–158, 2017