bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Peripheral Field Loss on the Execution of Natural Actions: A Study With Glaucomatous Patients and Normally Sighted People
Authors: Dive Stéphanie , Rouland Jean F. , Lenoble Quentin , Szaffarczyk Sebastien , McKendrick Allison M. , Boucart Muriel 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:
We investigated the visuomotor behavior of people with reduced peripheral field due to glaucoma while they accomplished natural actions.

Methods:
Twelve participants with glaucoma and 13 normally sighted controls were included. Participants were asked to accomplish a familiar sandwich-making task and a less familiar model-building task with a children’s construction set while their eye movements were recorded. Both scene layouts contained task-relevant and task-irrelevant objects. There was no time constraint.

Results:
Participants with glaucoma were slower to perform the task than were the normal observers, but the slower performance was confined to the unfamiliar model-building task. Patients and controls were equally efficient in the more familiar sandwich-making task. On initial exposure, before the first reaching movement was initiated, patients scanned the objects longer than did controls, particularly in the unfamiliar model-building task, and controls fixated irrelevant objects less than did patients. During the working phase fixations were on average longer for patients than for controls and patients made more saccades than did controls. Patients did not grasp more irrelevant objects compared with controls.

Conclusions:
The results provide evidence that, although slower than controls, patients with glaucoma were able to accomplish natural actions efficiently even when the task required discrimination of small structurally similar objects (nuts and screws in the model-building task). Their difficulties were reflected in longer fixation times and more head and eye movements compared with controls, presumably to compensate for lower visibility when objects fell in the part of their visual field where sensitivity was reduced.
Anterior-Chamber Angle and Axial Length Measurements in Normal Chinese Children
Authors: Jin Peiyao , Li Meili , He Xiangui , Lu Lina , Zhu Jianfeng , Chang Ta Chen , Zou Haidong 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:To establish the physiological distribution of anterior-chamber angle parameters and axial length (AL) in a randomly sampled cohort of Chinese children.Patients and Methods:This was a prospective, cross-sectional study on randomly sampled Chinese children ages 7 to 15 years. Complete ophthalmologic examination was carried out on all participants; anterior-segment parameters and ALs were measured using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography and automated biometers. Associations between the age, the sex, the refractive error, the iris thickness, the AL, and anterior-chamber depth (ACD) and angle measurements were analyzed using multiple correlation and regression tests. The relationship between the AL and other factors was studied by a linear regression analysis. Only the right eye data were analyzed for statistical purpose.Results:A total of 541 children were enrolled in this study. There were no differences in angle parameters between sexes (P>0.05), but boys had a longer AL (P<0.01). The AL increased logarithmically with age in children (P<0.01,R2=0.5552,b=6.18). Although the magnitude of myopia also increased with AL, this association was less robust (P<0.05,R2=0.0917,b=−0.88). A multiple regression test indicated that the age and the ACD were independently associated with the increase in angle width (b=0.37 to 0.50 and 0.51 to 0.60, respectively;P<0.001).Conclusions:All angle measurements increased with age and were positively correlated with the ACD in children 7 to 15 years of age. The AL increased logarithmically with age.
Bilateral Same-day Laser Peripheral Iridotomy in the Philadelphia Glaucoma Detection and Treatment Project
Authors: Waisbourd Michael , Shafa Anousheh , Delvadia Radha , Sembhi Harjeet , Molineaux Jeanne , Henderer Jeffery , Pizzi Laura T. , Myers Jonathan S. , Hark Lisa A. , Katz L. Jay 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:
To report the outcomes of bilateral, same-day laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in the Philadelphia Glaucoma Detection and Treatment Project.

Methods:
The Philadelphia Glaucoma Detection and Treatment Project was a community-based initiative aimed to improve detection, management, treatment, and follow-up care of individuals at high risk for glaucoma. This novel project performed LPI, where 2 eyes received laser therapy on the same day. Of the 1649 patients examined between January 1, 2013 and May 31, 2014, patients who underwent bilateral, same-day LPI were included in our analysis. Main outcome measures were visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and postoperative complication rates.

Results:
A total of 132 eyes of 66 patients underwent bilateral, same-day LPI. Mean visual acuity remained unchanged following treatment (P=0.85). Eight patients (12.1%) had IOP spikes >5 mm Hg following treatment, and 4 patients (6.1%) spiked >10 mm Hg. IOP returned to normal in all but 1 patient, who was diagnosed with chronic angle-closure glaucoma. Hyphema was reported in 2 patients (3%) and glare in 1 patient (1.5%). Thirteen patients (19.7%) had repeat LPI treatment. All patients successfully tolerated LPI treatment without serious complications.

Conclusions:
Performing bilateral, same-day LPI was well tolerated in a large community-based, glaucoma detection and treatment project. Applying this treatment strategy may be considered in similar settings, where patients’ access to eye care is limited and it may be a cost-effective strategy.
Early and late surgical outcomes of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis within a defined population in Sweden
Authors: Dafnis George 
Published: March 2016

Objective
Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), has become the procedure of choice in patients requiring reconstructive surgery for ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis. The aim of this population-based study was to present data prospectively registered and retrospectively evaluated on the short-term and the long-term results of 124 consecutive IPAA performed chronologically by three surgeons in a single referral centre.

Materials and methods
All patients who underwent IPAA from 1993 to 2012 were included. Early and late morbidity and mortality were evaluated.

Results
Early complications were observed in 25 patients. There was one death from cardiac failure, high output stoma occurred in six patients and wound infection occurred in four patients. Complications were associated with higher BMI (P=0.032). Four patients had to be reoperated. Peroperative bleeding was reduced when using an ultrasonically activated scalpel for the perimuscular dissection (P<0.00001). Clavien–Dindo grade III–V affected five patients. Only one patient developed anastomotic leak and septic complications.
Late complications occurred in 61 patients. There was no procedure-related mortality. Pouchitis was the most common complication (n=37). Primary sclerosing cholangitis and age younger than 40 years were associated significantly with a three- and two-fold increased risk of pouchitis, respectively. Small bowel obstruction was the second most common complication (n=16), more common in women (P=0.031). The pouch failure rate was low: 2.4%. Clavien–Dindo grade III–V affected 13 patients.

Conclusion
In the hands of experienced high-volume surgeons, IPAA is a safe procedure associated with a relatively low early morbidity as well as an acceptable late morbidity.
Infrequent Immunohistochemical Expression of Napsin A in Endometrial Carcinomas
Authors: Al-Maghrabi Jaudah A. , Butt Nadeem S. , Anfinan Nisrin , Sait Khalid , Sait Hesham , Marzouki Anas , Khabaz Mohamad Nidal 
Published: March 2016

Introduction:
Many studies described napsin A as a specific diagnostic marker that aids in differentiating lung adenocarcinomas from other respiratory tumors. This study describes the expression phenotype of napsin A in endometrial neoplasms, it investigates the relationship between this expression profile and the clinicopathologic parameters, and assess its utilization as an independent predictive marker.

Methods:
A total of 76 cases of previously diagnosed endometrial carcinoma (including 53 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 6 endometrioid adenocarcinomas with squamous differentiation, 9 serous adenocarcinomas, 6 clear cell adenocarcinomas, and 2 malignant mixed mullerian tumors) and 30 tissue samples of noncancerous endometrium (including 16 proliferative endometriums, 10 secretory endometriums and 4 endometrial polyps) were retrieved from the archives of Pathology Department at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. For napsin A detection, tissue microarrays and immunostaining were used.

Results:
A total number of 12 (15.78%) cases were positive for napsin A immunostaining. Brown granular cytoplasmic expression of napsin A was detected in 9.4% of endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 16.7% of endometrioid adenocarcinomas with squamous differentiation, 22.2% of papillary serous endometrial carcinomas, and 66.7% of clear cell carcinomas. Three (10%) control cases showed similar granular cytoplasmic expression. Positive napsin A immunostaining was more frequent in clear cell carcinoma, and there is a significant association between positive napsin A immunostaining and clear cell carcinoma (P-value=0.007). Significant associations have been found also between napsin A expression and older ages (above 60 y) and higher stage (IVB), the P-values of which were 0.035 and 0.043, respectively, but not with the tumor recurrence or survival rate.

Conclusions:
Although napsin A is infrequently expressed in endometrial carcinomas, positive results of napsin A immunostaining in endometrial neoplasms might support the diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma when the pathologic differential diagnosis includes other histologic subtypes.
Lyme Myocarditis Presenting as Chest Pain in an Adolescent Girl
Authors: Fishe Jennifer N. , Marchese Ronald F. , Callahan James M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA previously healthy adolescent girl presented to the emergency department with new onset chest and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Laboratory studies and imaging were consistent with myocarditis. She developed heart block after admission and required stabilization in the cardiac intensive care unit. Lyme serology returned positive, and her condition was diagnosed as Lyme disease-associated myocarditis.
Size Matters
Authors: Ravichandran Yagnaram , Harrison Prince , Garrow Eugene , Chao Jennifer H. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Ultrasound is the initial diagnostic modality of choice for evaluation of pediatric appendicitis. We report a case that highlights the importance of pain control, distraction, focusing on the appearance of the appendix and the surrounding structures, the value of size cutoff points for appendicitis, and repeating ultrasound examinations to optimize yield.
Restrictive Diet Control as a Means of Child Abuse
Authors: Kudek Matthew R. , Luyet Francois , Herringa Ryan J. , Knox Barbara L. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We have recently encountered a series of cases where an obese caretaker is juxtaposed to a severely starved, malnourished dependent. The cases described all share a common characteristic: that the primary perpetrator was an obese caretaker who tried to exert absolute control over their victim's daily life in a way that included either a severe restriction or complete denial of food. Because the pathophysiology of both child abuse and obesity are incredibly complex and multifactorial, these cases are presented to encourage further discussion and more rigorous investigation into the validity of a hypothesis that has been derived from this set of cases: that the obesity of a child's caretaker may be an additional risk factor for child maltreatment by starvation.
High-Resolution Axonal Bundle (Fascicle) Assessment and Triple-Echo Steady-State T2 Mapping of the Median Nerve at 7 T
Authors: Riegler Georg , Drlicek Gregor , Kronnerwetter Claudia , Heule Rahel , Bieri Oliver , Bodner Gerd , Lieba-Samal Doris , Trattnig Siegfried 
Published: March 2016

Objectives
The aims of this preliminary study were to determine the number of axonal bundles (fascicles) in the median nerve,1 using a high-resolution, proton density (PD)–turbo spin echo (TSE) fat suppression sequence, and to determine normative T2 values, measured by triple-echo steady state, of the median nerve in healthy volunteers and in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), at 7 T.2

Materials and Methods
This prospective study was approved by the local ethics committee and conducted between March 2014 and January 2015. All study participants gave written informed consent. Six healthy volunteers (30 ± 12 years) and 5 patients with CTS (44 ± 16 years) were included. Measurements were performed on both wrists in all volunteers and on the affected wrist in patients (3 right, 2 left). Based on 5-point scales, 2 readers assessed image quality (1, very poor; 5, very good) and the presence of artifacts that might have a possible influence on fascicle determination (1, severe artifacts; 5, no artifacts) and counted the number of fascicles independently on the PD-TSE sequences. Furthermore, T2 values by region of interest analysis were assessed. Student t tests, a hierarchic linear model, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used for statistical analysis.

Results
Proton density-TSE image quality and artifacts revealed a median of 5 in healthy volunteers and 4 in patients with CTS for both readers. Fascicle count of the median nerve ranged from 13 to 23 in all subjects, with an ICC of 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67–0.95). T2 values were significantly higher (P = 0.023) in patients (24.27 ± 0.97 milliseconds [95% CI, 22.19–26.38]) compared with healthy volunteers (21.01 ± 0.65 milliseconds [95% CI, 19.61–22.41]). The ICC for all T2 values was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96–0.98).

Conclusions
This study shows the possibility of fascicle determination of the median nerve in healthy volunteers and patients with CTS (although probably less accurately) with high-resolution 7 T magnetic resonance imaging, as well as significantly higher T2 values in patients with CTS, which seems to be associated with pathophysiological nerve changes.
Limiting the Development of Anti-Cancer Drug Resistance in a Spatial Model of Micrometastases
Authors: Shah Ami B. , Rejniak Katarzyna A. , Gevertz Jana L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhile chemoresistance in primary tumors is well-studied, much less is known about the influence of systemic chemotherapy on the development of drug resistance at metastatic sites. In this work, we use a hybrid spatial model of tumor response to a DNA damaging drug to study how the development of chemoresistance in micrometastases depends on the drug dosing schedule. We separately consider cell populations that harbor pre-existing resistance to the drug, and those that acquire resistance during the course of treatment. For each of these independent scenarios, we consider one hypothetical cell line that is responsive to metronomic chemotherapy, and another that with high probability cannot be eradicated by a metronomic protocol. Motivated by experimental work on ovarian cancer xenografts, we consider all possible combinations of a one week treatment protocol, repeated for three weeks, and constrained by the total weekly drug dose. Simulations reveal a small number of fractionated-dose protocols that are at least as effective as metronomic therapy in eradicating micrometastases with acquired resistance (weak or strong), while also being at least as effective on those that harbor weakly pre-existing resistant cells. Given the responsiveness of very different theoretical cell lines to these few fractionated-dose protocols, these may represent more effective ways to schedule chemotherapy with the goal of limiting metastatic tumor progression.
Direct measurement of ant predation of weed seeds in wheat cropping
Authors: Evans Theodore A. , Gleeson Patrick V. 
Published: March 2016

Summary

The ecosystem service of predation of weed seeds by naturally occurring seed‐eating animals, including ants, in agricultural fields has been suggested to be a potentially important biocontrol option. Laboratory and field tests have found high levels of seed removal from experimentally placed seed; however, the effect of predation on naturally dispersed weed seeds is unknown. We measured the effect of invertebrate seed predators on natural weed seed dispersal and germination in a field experiment under commercial growing conditions.

The two‐factor, large‐scale field experiment in a field used to grow wheat with conservation tillage used an insecticide to remove soil invertebrates (ants had been reduced by 85% relative to water controls) and shallow tillage for mechanical weed removal (no effect on ants). There was one natural weed seeding event, when a wind storm blew one single incursion of Salsola australis (Chenopodiaceae) tumbleweeds across the field.

We measured the number of tumbleweeds after 2 months and found the removal of ants resulted in a doubling of tumbleweeds: 3383 ± 513 weeds ha−1 in the insecticide treatment plots compared with 1768 ± 100 weeds ha−1 in the water control treatment plots, and 1948 ± 227 weeds ha−1 in the rest of the field.

The difference in tumbleweed germination and growth was not due to growing conditions. We measured soil nutrients before the incursion and soil moisture during the weed growing period and found that there were higher levels of nitrogenous compounds in water control plots, but no other nutrient or moisture differences, than in insecticide exclusion plots.

Synthesis and applications. Our results provide evidence that the ecosystem service of ant predation of naturally dispersed weed seeds limits weed abundance in commercial cereal fields in warmer climates. The fields were not managed to increase ants; alternative conservation agricultural management methods that promote agro‐ecology, including low or zero tillage and low insecticide use, could increase ant abundance and thereby reduce weeds. The use of seed predators as a type of biocontrol agent will need to be integrated with other weed management methods, including herbicides and shallow tillage, although the latter may conflict with ant survival. The use of seed predators may be particularly advantageous in organic systems, or locations where economic margins are low.
Effect of pyric herbivory on source–sink dynamics in grassland birds
Authors: Davis Craig A. , Churchwell Roy T. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Engle David M. , Hovick Torre J. 
Published: March 2016

Summary

Grasslands world‐wide provide a host of ecosystem services. In particular, these grasslands serve as biodiversity repositories for a myriad of imperilled animal species. One such group is grassland birds, which have experienced significant declines, predominantly caused by extensive loss and degradation of native grasslands. Rangeland management that promotes increasing and sustaining livestock production through reducing the inherent, disturbance‐driven variability that historically occurred in grasslands is considered a major contributing factor to these declines.

An alternative approach to this homogeneous management paradigm attempts to restore a shifting mosaic of disturbance patches across the landscape through the spatial and temporal interactions of fire and grazing (i.e. pyric herbivory). Application of pyric herbivory through patch‐burn grazing increases overall habitat heterogeneity, likely a critically important factor in maintaining and enhancing grassland bird populations.

We compared reproductive rates and estimates of fecundity of three grassland birds nesting in grasslands maintained by traditional and patch‐burn grazing management paradigms in the Southern Great Plains of North America. Additionally, we used a sensitivity analysis approach to assess population stability (i.e. λ = 1) and source–sink population dynamics under the two management practices.

Nest survival for dickcissels Spiza americana and grasshopper sparrows Ammodramus savannarum was higher in patch‐burned grasslands than in traditionally managed grasslands, while nest survival for eastern meadowlarks Sturnella magna was higher in traditionally managed grasslands than in patch‐burned grasslands.

Dickcissels and grasshopper sparrows responded positively to patch burning with source habitats occurring over a wider range of survival rates under patch burning than traditional management, while no clear pattern emerged in source–sink dynamics of eastern meadowlarks.

Synthesis and applications. Management strategies such as patch‐burn grazing offer opportunities to restore landscape heterogeneity to benefit bird communities while maintaining livestock production goals. Applying patch‐burn grazing to rangelands can increase productivity of grassland birds and could be effective for reversing the decline of grassland birds by providing source habitats more consistently than traditional rangeland management. Our results emphasize the utility of using sensitivity analyses to determine source–sink population dynamics when evaluating management practices. However, land managers should consider that source–sink models have shortcomings and designation of a habitat as a sink does not necessarily mean the habitat has low conservation value.
Baldness and testicular cancer: the EPSAM case–control study
Authors: Moirano G. , Zugna D. , Grasso C. , Lista P. , Ciuffreda L. , Segnan N. , Merletti F. , Richiardi L. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe etiology of testicular cancer is largely unexplained. Research has mainly focused on prenatal exposures, especially to sex hormones, while less attention has been paid to exposures that may act also postnatally. As baldness has been previously associated with testicular cancer risk we focused on baldness and body hairiness, which are both associated with androgen activity. We used data of the Postnatal Exposures and Male Health (EPSAM) study, a case–control study on testicular cancer conducted in the Province of Turin, Italy, involving cases diagnosed between 1997 and 2008. Information was collected using mailed questionnaires. Analyses included 255 cases and 459 controls. We calculated ORs and 95% CIs to estimate testicular cancer risk among those who developed baldness and among those with body hairiness. We found an inverse association between testicular cancer and baldness (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46–0.98) and body hairiness (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.53–1.16), although the latter had wider CIs. The inverse association between baldness and testicular cancer is consistent with the results from previous studies. These results suggest that androgens activity may influence testicular cancer risk.