bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programmatic Approach to Increasing Osteopathic Medical Student Participation in Research: The TCOM Experience
Authors: Smith-Barbaro Peggy , O-Yurvati Albert H. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Providing medical students with a meaningful research-based educational experience will help them become exemplary physicians and informed consumers of medical research outcomes in the practice of evidence-based medicine. By participating in research projects during medical school, students have the opportunity to study specific fields that interest them in greater depth and develop their written and oral presentation skills. Studies indicate that students who have participated in research and scholarly activities during medical school are at an advantage when matching to their preferred residency. In this article, the authors outline programs and projects that provide opportunities for osteopathic medical students at the University of North Texas Health Science Center Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine to research concepts and conduct hypothesis-driven, hands-on research projects.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Cortes Jorge , Silver Richard T. , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: November 2016

OverviewChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was the first malignancy where a unique chromosomal abnormality, the Philadelphia chromosome, was directly linked to it. The further unraveling of the molecular and physiologic consequences of this abnormality, with a fusion gene (BCR‐ABL) translating into a chimeric protein with increased tyrosine kinase activity, led to the development of specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The use of such agents as initial therapy has resulted in a dramatic change in the natural history of the disease where patients properly managed are expected to have a life expectancy similar to that of the general population. Several treatment options are also available for patients who may not have optimal response to their initial therapy. Current research is focusing on approaches that may increase the probability of successful treatment discontinuation for more patients.
The allele frequency of ALDH2*Glu504Lys and ADH1B*Arg47His for the Ryukyu islanders and their history of expansion among East Asians
Authors: Koganebuchi Kae , Haneji Kuniaki , Toma Takashi , Joh Keiichiro , Soejima Hidenobu , Fujimoto Kazuma , Ishida Hajime , Ogawa Motoyuki , Hanihara Tsunehiko , Harada Shoji , Kawamura Shoji , Oota Hiroki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesA cline of frequencies of the derived allele of the ALDH2 gene, which causes a deficiency of an enzyme and “facial flushing” in humans who drink alcohol, has been known among the people of the Japanese archipelago. This cline is conventionally explained by admixture with immigrants from the Asian continent occurring during the Yayoi period. Previous studies lack sufficient data from the peripheral regions of the indigenous Jomon people, and those data the ADH1B gene that is involved in the Class I ADH gene cluster and contains another variant leading to a functional change.MethodsWe focused on the southwestern‐most people from the Ryukyu Islands (n = 218) and those from northern Kyushu (n = 21) where the Yayoi immigrants likely arrived. We investigated both the Class I ADH and ALDH2 loci, as well as neutral genetic markers.ResultsIn the Ryukyu Islands, the frequencies of the ancestral alleles in both loci were always higher than those in mainland Japan, while the frequencies of ADH1B were less than those of the derived allele. A haplotype block was not observed in ALDH2 but was in Class I ADH.DiscussionOur data suggest that the derived allele of ALDH2 came with the Yayoi immigrants from the Asian continent to the Japanese archipelago. However, the derived allele of ADH1B is unlikely to be related to the Yayoi migration. Therefore, we postulate that the expansion of the derived allele of ADHIB in East Asia could be traced back to the last glacial period.
Utility of three anthropometric indices in assessing the cardiometabolic risk profile in children
Authors: Buchan Duncan S. , Boddy Lynne M. , Grace Fergal M. , Brown Elise , Sculthorpe Nicholas , Cunningham Conor , Murphy Marie H. , Dagger Rebecca , Foweather Lawrence , Graves Lee E. F. , Hopkins Nicola D. , Stratton Gareth , Baker Julien S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the ability of BMI, WC, and WHtR to identify increased cardiometabolic risk in pre‐adolescents.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study involving 192 children (10.92 ± 0.58 years, 56% female) from the United Kingdom between 2010 and 2013. Receiver operating characteristic curves determined the discriminatory ability of BMI, WC and WHtR to identify individuals with increased cardiometabolic risk (increased clustered triglycerides, HDL‐cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness, and glucose).ResultsA WHtR ≥ 0.5 increased the odds by 5.2 (95% confidence interval 2.6 ‐ 10.3) of having increased cardiometabolic risk. Similar associations were observed for BMI and WC. Both BMI‐z and WHtR were fair predictors of increased cardiometabolic risk, although BMI‐z demonstrated the best trade‐off between sensitivity and specificity, 76.1% and 63.6%, compared with 68.1% and 65.5% for WHtR. Cross‐validation analysis revealed that BMI‐z and WHtR correctly classified 84% of individuals (kappa score = 0.671, 95% CI 0.55, 0.79). The sensitivity of the cut‐points suggests that 89.3% of individuals were correctly classified as being at risk with only 10.7% misdiagnosed whereas the specificity of the cut‐points indicated that 77.8% of individuals were correctly identified as being healthy with 22.2% of individuals incorrectly diagnosed as being at risk.ConclusionsFindings suggest that WHtR provides similar cardiometabolic risk estimates to age and sex adjusted BMI.
Preaxial polydactyly following early gestational exposure to the smoothened agonist, SAG, in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Fish Eric W. , Parnell Scott E. , Sulik Kathleen K. , Baker Lorinda K. , Murdaugh Laura B. , Lamson David , Williams Kevin P. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundWhile pharmacological activation of the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway may have therapeutic benefits for developmental and adult diseases, its teratogenic potential is of concern. The membrane molecule Smoothened (SMO) transduces HH signaling and can be acutely modulated by antagonists and agonists. The objective of the current experiments was to determine how maternal treatment with the Smo agonist, SAG, affects the developing limb.MethodsPregnant C57BL/6J mice received a single injection of SAG (15, 17, or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) or its vehicle on gestational day (GD) 9.25, the time of limb bud induction. Embryos were examined on GD 15 for gross dysmorphology and skeletal staining was performed to visualize the number and type of digits on the fore‐ and hindlimbs. Additionally, in situ hybridization was performed 4 hr after GD 9.25 SAG administration to determine SAG's effects on Gli1 and Gli2 mRNA expression.ResultsThe most prevalent effect of SAG was the dose‐dependent induction of pre‐axial polydactyly; defects ranged from a broad thumb to the duplication of two finger‐like digits on the preaxial side of the thumb. The highest SAG dose was effective in ca. 80% of the embryos and increased Gli1 and Gli2 mRNA expression in the limb bud, with Gli1 mRNA being the most upregulated.ConclusionPreaxial polydactyly can be caused in the developing embryo by acute maternal administration of a Smo agonist that activates HH signaling. These results are consistent with the preaxial polydactyly induced in developmental disorders associated with mutations in HH signaling genes.Birth Defects Research 109:49–54, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using Model Organism Databases (MODs)
Authors: Engel Stacia R. , MacPherson Kevin A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractModel Organism Databases (MODs) represent the union of database technology and biology, and are essential to modern biological and medical research. Research communities are producing floods of new data, of increasingly different types and complexity. MODs assimilate this information from a wide variety of sources, organize it in a comprehensible manner, and make it freely available to the public via the Internet. MODs permit researchers to sort through massive amounts of data, providing access to key information that they might otherwise have overlooked. The protocols in this unit offer a general introduction to different types of data available in the growing number of MODs, and approaches for accessing, browsing, and querying these data. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Computational Prediction of Protein Secondary Structure from Sequence
Authors: Meng Fanchi , Kurgan Lukasz 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSecondary structure of proteins refers to local and repetitive conformations, such as α‐helices and β‐strands, which occur in protein structures. Computational prediction of secondary structure from protein sequences has a long history with three generations of predictive methods. This unit summarizes several recent third‐generation predictors. We discuss their inputs and outputs, availability, and predictive performance and explain how to perform and interpret their predictions. We cover methods for the prediction of the 3‐class secondary structure states (helix, strand, and coil) as well as the 8‐class secondary structure states. Recent empirical assessments and our small‐scale analysis reveal that these predictions are characterized by high levels of accuracy, between 70% and 80%. We emphasize that modern predictors are available to end users in the form of convenient‐to‐use Web servers and stand‐alone software. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Short‐Term Wind Power Prediction for Wind Turbine via Kalman Filter Based on JIT Modeling
Authors: ISHIKAWA TOMOKI , KOJIMA TAKAAKI , NAMERIKAWA TORU 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYThis paper addresses wind power prediction, which is known to be a key technology in energy management systems. In this paper, a 24‐h‐ahead power prediction method using a filter theory is proposed for wind power generation. The prediction method is a simple algorithm. The procedure of prediction consists of two steps: the data processing and the calculation of the predicted values. In data processing, in order to obtain the correlative data from the database, we employ just‐in‐time modeling. In the calculation of the predicted values, we propose a regression model for wind speed and wind power, and the unknown parameters are estimated using a constrained Kalman filter. Moreover, in the procedure used to estimate the unknown parameters, reduction and convergence of the variables are also guaranteed. Finally, the advantages of the proposed method over the conventional method are shown through actual prediction evaluations.
A Proposal of Identifying Optimized Layout of Devices in Electromagnetic Resonant Coupling Type Wireless Power Transfer System
Authors: DOI TATSUYA 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYRecently, a system for wireless power transfer (WPT) using electromagnetic resonant coupling has been evaluated and developed for practical applications such as a wireless charge system for automobiles or electronic devices. However, the efficiency of an electromagnetic resonant coupling type WPT system with LC resonators is greatly affected by the layout of the LC resonators allocated in the system. This means that there is an optimum layout for the LC resonators for transferring wireless power at higher efficiency. This paper presents a new method for identifying the optimum layout for the LC resonators in a WPT system. One of the key ideas is that the problem of finding the optimum layout is replaced by the problem of calculating the equivalent current sources in the LC resonators. The amplitude of the equivalent current sources can be calculated to solve ill‐posed system equations by using inverse analysis. First, the proposed method is described. The system equations to be solved are formulated by means of equivalent circuit techniques. Second, the proposed method is applied to a simplified model to identify the optimum layout for the LC resonators in a WPT system. Then, the results found using the proposed method are verified by comparing the ratio of receiving power with the identified layout and without the LC resonator. Finally, in order to verify the validity of the proposed method, the calculated results are compared with the experiment results using the same model.
High‐Response Torque Control of IPMSM Based on a New Coordinate System Suitable for Voltage Amplitude and Phase Control
Authors: MATSUKI YOSUKE , KAJIURA HIROAKI 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a torque control method for interior permanent magnetic synchronous motors (IPMSMs). The proposed method controls the voltage amplitude and phase based on a new n–t coordinate system. The t‐axis is a tangent line of a constant voltage ellipse, and the n‐axis is a normal line of the ellipse. On the n–t coordinate system, the n‐axis current is not affected by the voltage phase. The n‐axis current is utilized to reduce the mutual coupling between the voltage amplitude controller and phase controller. The proposed method realizes a high torque response for the linear range and overmodulation range of the inverter, including six‐step mode. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by simulation and experimental results.
Improvement of Power Quality in Distribution System by Residential PV Systems
Authors: KAWASAKI SHOJI , TERADA NAOHIRO , TAOKA HISAO , KOYAMA MASAAKI 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYIn recent years, the deterioration in the power quality of a distribution system such as the aggravation of voltage imbalance and current imbalance or the increase of harmonics has been apprehended. It is thought to be causally related to the diversification of load by progress of power electronics technology and the increase of the number of interconnection of distributed generators for home use with the reduction of the effect on the environment. The purpose of this study is development of power conditioner systems (PCSs) with a function of improvement of power quality in the distribution system. In this paper, the authors propose a control method of restraint of harmonics and improvement of voltage imbalance in the distribution system utilizing the PCSs of photovoltaic systems. Moreover, it includes a determination method of the interconnection power factor and the optimal gain of filtering operation of PCSs so as to minimize the voltage imbalance factor and so as to minimize the maximum value of voltage total harmonic distortion in the distribution system by real‐time feedback control with measured data from the information technology switches of distribution line. The numerical calculation is carried out in order to verify the validity of the proposal method.
Complex Permittivity Spectra of Various Insulating Polymers at Ultrawide‐Band Frequencies
Authors: HASEGAWA YUKA , OHKI YOSHIMICHI , FUKUNAGA KAORI , MIZUNO MAYA , SASAKI KENSUKE 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYNowadays, trials to use even higher frequencies are pursued to realize high‐speed wireless communications. In order to respond to such a trend, dielectric properties of insulating polymers at high frequencies have to be clarified, although the importance of clarifying low‐frequency properties is still very high, especially for use as high‐voltage insulators. In this regard, complex permittivity spectra from 10 mHz to 4.0 THz were obtained for various insulating polymers. The spectra obtained in the very wide frequency range are important, because they can be a valuable database and they provide various pieces of important information on dielectric characteristics.
Magnetorefractive Effect for Co/Ru Multilayer Film with Antiferromagnetic Interlayer Exchange Coupling
Authors: SATO HARUHIKO , SAITO SHIN , MIZUNO SHOTA , AKAHANE KOICHI , UCHIDA HIRONAGA 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYThe spin‐dependent scattering of conduction electron in metallic magnetic multilayers was investigated to reveal the optical properties which corresponded to the magnetization state. From the measurement of magnetorefractive effect in antiferro‐magnetically exchange coupled Co/Ru multilayers, it was found that (1) the transmittance varied around 1% at wavelength of 1550 nm during the parallel/antiparallel spin alignment changes, (2) as a result of number of repetition and Co thickness for the multilayers, transmittance difference between the parallel and antiparallel spin alignment states had trade‐off relationship with the magnitude of transmittance, and (3) asymmetric Co/Ru/Co stacking structure brought different interlayer exchange coupling fields in each layer, which resulted in magnetic field sensitive transmittance.
Distribution of phytoplankton groups within the deep chlorophyll maximum
Authors: Latasa Mikel , Cabello Ana María , Morán Xosé Anxelu G. , Massana Ramon , Scharek Renate 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe fine vertical distribution of phytoplankton groups within the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) was studied in the NE Atlantic during summer stratification. A simple but unconventional sampling strategy allowed examining the vertical structure with ca. 2 m resolution. The distribution of Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, chlorophytes, pelagophytes, small prymnesiophytes, coccolithophores, diatoms, and dinoflagellates was investigated with a combination of pigment‐markers, flow cytometry and optical and FISH microscopy. All groups presented minimum abundances at the surface and a maximum in the DCM layer. The cell distribution was not vertically symmetrical around the DCM peak and cells tended to accumulate in the upper part of the DCM layer. The more symmetrical distribution of chlorophyll than cells around the DCM peak was due to the increase of pigment per cell with depth. We found a vertical alignment of phytoplankton groups within the DCM layer indicating preferences for different ecological niches in a layer with strong gradients of light and nutrients. Prochlorococcus occupied the shallowest and diatoms the deepest layers. Dinoflagellates, Synechococcus and small prymnesiophytes preferred shallow DCM layers, and coccolithophores, chlorophytes and pelagophytes showed a preference for deep layers. Cell size within groups changed with depth in a pattern related to their mean size: the cell volume of the smallest group increased the most with depth while the cell volume of the largest group decreased the most. The vertical alignment of phytoplankton groups confirms that the DCM is not a homogeneous entity and indicates groups’ preferences for different ecological niches within this layer.
Herring and chicken/pork meals lead to differences in plasma levels of TCA intermediates and arginine metabolites in overweight and obese men and women
Authors: Vincent Andrew , Savolainen Otto I. , Sen Partho , Carlsson Nils‐Gunnar , Almgren Annette , Lindqvist Helen , Lind Mads Vendelbo , Undeland Ingrid , Sandberg Ann‐Sofie , Ross Alastair B. 
Published: November 2016

ScopeWhat effect does replacing chicken or pork with herring as the main dietary source of protein have on the human plasma metabolome?Method and resultsA randomised crossover trial with 15 healthy obese men and women (age 24–70 years). Subjects were randomly assigned to four weeks of herring diet or a reference diet of chicken and lean pork, five meals per week, followed by a washout and the other intervention arm. Fasting blood serum metabolites were analysed at 0, 2 and 4 weeks for eleven subjects with available samples, using GC‐MS based metabolomics.The herring diet decreased plasma citrate, fumarate, isocitrate, glycolate, oxalate, agmatine and methyhistidine and increased asparagine, ornithine, glutamine and the hexosamine glucosamine. Modelling found that the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate, and arginine metabolism were affected by the intervention. The effect on arginine metabolism was supported by an increase in blood nitric oxide in males on the herring diet.ConclusionThe results suggest that eating herring instead of chicken and lean pork leads to important metabolic effects, particularly on energy and amino acid metabolism. Our findings support the hypothesis that there are metabolic effects of herring intake unrelated to the long chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content.
Reciprocal androgen receptor/interleukin‐6 crosstalk drives oesophageal carcinoma progression and contributes to patient prognosis
Authors: Dong Hongmei , Xu Jinjin , Li Weiwei , Gan Jinfeng , Lin Wan , Ke Jierong , Jiang Jiali , Du Liang , Chen Yuping , Zhong Xueyun , Zhang Dianzheng , Yeung Sai‐Ching Jim , Li Xiaotao , Zhang Hao 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a leading lethal malignancy of the digestive tract, is characterized by marked gender disparity. Clarifying the roles of the function and regulatory pathway of the androgen receptor (AR) will improve our understanding of oesophageal cancer progression, thereby facilitating the personalized management of ESCC. Here we report evidence to show that AR is a key mediator of inflammatory signals in ESCC cancer progression. High AR expression was associated with poor overall survival in tobacco‐using ESCC patients but not in ESCC patients not using tobacco. A gain and loss of AR function enhanced and repressed ESCC cell growth, respectively, by altering cell cycle progression. In mice bearing human ESCC xenografts, silencing AR expression attenuated tumour growth, whereas AR overexpression promoted tumour growth in mice of different androgen statuses (male, female, and castrated male). Array assays revealed that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6 (IL6) is a prominent AR target gene in ESCC. By directly binding to the IL6 promoter, AR enhances IL6 transcription, and IL6 can in turn activate AR expression, thus forming a reciprocal regulatory circuit to sustain STAT3 oncogenic signalling in ESCC. Moreover, high expression levels of both AR and IL6 in human ESCC predict poor clinical outcome in tobacco users. Together, these data establish that AR promotes ESCC growth and is associated with poor patient prognosis. The discovery of a positive feedback loop between IL6 and AR bridges the knowledge gaps among lifestyle factor‐associated inflammation, gender disparity, and oesophageal carcinoma. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.