bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of adherence and relative dose intensity with oral chemotherapy in oncology clinical trials at an academic medical center
Authors: Engle Jeff A , Traynor Anne M , Campbell Toby C , Wisinski Kari B , LoConte Noelle , Liu Glenn , Wilding George , Kolesar Jill M 
Published: April 2017

Background/Aims Oral chemotherapy is increasingly utilized leaving the patient responsible for self-administering an often complex regimen where adverse effects are common. Non-adherence and reduced relative dose intensity are both associated with poorer outcomes in the community setting but are rarely reported in clinical trials. The purpose of this study is to quantify adherence and relative dose intensity in oncology clinical trials and to determine patient and study related factors that influence adherence and relative dose intensity. Methods Patients were identified from non-industry-funded clinical trials conducted between 1 January 2009 and 31 March 2013 at the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center. Data were extracted from primary research records. Descriptive statistics and linear regression modeling was performed using SAS 9.4. Results A total of 17 clinical trials and 266 subjects were included. Mean adherence was greater than 97% for the first eight cycles. Mean relative dose intensity was less than 90% for the first cycle and declined over time. Male gender, a performance status of 1 or 2, metastatic disease, and traveling more than 90 miles to reach the cancer center were associated with higher relative dose intensity. Conclusions Patients with cancer enrolled in clinical trials are highly adherent but unlikely to achieve protocol specified relative dose intensity. Given that determining the phase II dose is the primary endpoint of phase I trials, incorporating relative dose intensity into this determination should be considered.
Prediction of cardiovascular risk in cancer patients of South India using WHO/ISH risk prediction charts and Framingham score – A prospective study
Authors: Rajanandh MG , Suresh S , Manobala K , Nandhakumar R , Jaswanthi G , Neha S 
Published: April 2017

Objective Despite the fact that cancer and heart diseases are interconnected, there is lack of information about the prevalence of cardiovascular risk in cancer patients in the South Indian population. With this background, the present study sought to predict the cardiovascular disease in cancer patients. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medical Oncology, Sri Ramachandra University and Hospital, India. Patients’ demographic details, medical information, height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were measured. Two risk prediction tools, namely World Health Organization/International Society of hypertension (WHO/ISH) risk prediction charts and Framingham score were used to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk over 10 years. Results A total of 70 patients were included for the study. Breast and stomach cancer were found to be most among the study patients. Cardiovascular disease was assessed using WHO/ISH and Framingham risk assessment tool. With respect to WHO/ISH risk, there is a significant difference in gender, type of cancer, smoking status and age between the risk groups. Males have a high risk compared to females, and smokers have a high risk compared to non-smokers. With respect to Framingham score, there is a significant difference in gender, smoking status and systolic blood pressure between the risk groups. Males have a high risk compared to females, and smokers have a high risk compared to non-smokers. A moderate degree of agreement exists between the two risk prediction tools. Conclusion The findings of the study revealed that there is a low risk of cardiovascular disease in cancer patients.
Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of four smartphone-compatible blood pressure monitors in post-myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Treskes Roderick W , Wolterbeek Ron , van der Velde Enno T , Eindhoven Daniëlle C , Schalij Martin J 
Published: April 2017

Introduction Smartphone-compatible blood pressure devices may be a good alternative to enable self-measurement of blood pressure by patients. Furthermore, automatic transferral of data to the hospital allows for remote monitoring. To our knowledge, no study has compared four of these smartphone-compatible blood pressure devices. Methods Patients who were followed up for acute myocardial infarction were asked to participate during their outpatient clinic visit. After five minutes of rest, six blood pressure devices were applied. The order was randomised. Four devices were smartphone-compatible. One device was an automated oscillometric device. One device was a handheld aneroid sphygmomanometer (reference device). All measurements were compared using a linear mixed model. Results A total of 43 patients (62.7 ± 11.3 years, 79% male) were included. Compared to the reference device, four blood pressure monitors yielded a significant higher mean systolic blood pressure and four monitors yielded a significant higher diastolic BP. One device yielded a non-significant lower mean systolic blood pressure and one device yielded a non-significant higher mean diastolic blood pressure. Except for one blood pressure device, all mean differences were smaller than 5 mmHg. Conclusion In this study, average inter-device variability was shown to be statistically significant, however four devices remained within the predefined range of 5 mmHg for both systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
Closing Down and Cashing In: Extremism and Political Fundraising
Authors: Oklobdzija Stan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCan politically polarizing events bear dividends for extremist lawmakers? Evidence from California legislative financial disclosures suggests they can. During the state's numerous budget shutdowns of the last 30 years, extremist legislators outside their party median could expect greater fund-raising hauls than their more centrist counterparts. The results suggest that polarizing events such as California's perennial budget impasses can make extremist positions more appealing to the polarized political elites who generally fund political campaigns. Regardless of the motivation, however, these results suggest a strong incentive to prolong political discord by extremists—a troubling outcome in cases where supermajority votes are required.
Percutaneous laser disc decompression versus conventional microdiscectomy for patients with sciatica: Two-year results of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Brouwer Patrick A , Brand Ronald , van den Akker-van Marle M Elske , Jacobs Wilco CH , Schenk Barry , van den Berg-Huijsmans Annette A , Koes Bart W , Arts Mark A , van Buchem MA , Peul Wilco C 
Published: April 2017

Background Percutaneous laser disc decompression is a minimally invasive treatment, for lumbar disc herniation and might serve as an alternative to surgical management of sciatica. In a randomised trial with two-year follow-up we assessed the clinical effectiveness of percutaneous laser disc decompression compared to conventional surgery. Materials and methods This multicentre randomised prospective trial with a non-inferiority design, was carried out according to an intent-to-treat protocol with full institutional review board approval. One hundred and fifteen eligible surgical candidates, with sciatica from a disc herniation smaller than one-third of the spinal canal, were randomly allocated to percutaneous laser disc decompression ( n = 55) or conventional surgery ( n = 57). The main outcome measures for this trial were the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for sciatica, visual analogue scores for back and leg pain and the patient's report of perceived recovery. Results The primary outcome measures showed no significant difference or clinically relevant difference between the two groups at two-year follow-up. The re-operation rate was 21% in the surgery group, which is relatively high, and with an even higher 52% in the percutaneous laser disc decompression group. Conclusion At two-year follow-up, a strategy of percutaneous laser disc decompression, followed by surgery if needed, resulted in non-inferior outcomes compared to a strategy of microdiscectomy. Although the rate of reoperation in the percutaneous laser disc decompression group was higher than expected, surgery could be avoided in 48% of those patients that were originally candidates for surgery. Percutaneous laser disc decompression, as a non-surgical method, could have a place in the treatment arsenal of sciatica caused by contained herniated discs.
3D digital subtracted CT angiography to evaluate the venous anatomy in extra-axial tumors invading the major dural venous sinuses
Authors: Lenck Stéphanie , Bresson Damien , Bernat Anne-Laure , Saint-Maurice Jean-Pierre , Labeyrie Marc-Antoine , Froelich Sébastien , Houdart Emmanuel 
Published: April 2017

Background Investigation of the venous system surrounding a tumor that is invading a dural sinus is of great use for guiding the surgical excision. Non-invasive imaging is often inadequate since enhancement of the tumor causes it to blend with the contrast of the venous vascular structures. Conventional two-dimensional angiography is also often insufficient. Objective The objective of this study was to report regarding the potential of three-dimensional digital subtracted computed tomography angiography (3D DS-CTA) as a technique to preoperatively explore these tumors. Methods We retrospectively studied the radiological and surgical features of patients explored with 3D DS-CTA for a tumor invading a major dural sinus. Results Three patients were included in this study, one hemangiopericytoma and two meningiomas. 3D DS-CTA allows for accurate assessment of the patency of the sinus, the location of the secondary intra- and trans-osseous venous outlets, and surgical guidance by neuronavigation. Conclusion 3D DS-CTA could be a promising guiding and diagnostic tool for the pre- and intraoperative treatment of vascular tumors invading the dural sinuses, for which the venous morbidity and mortality is substantial.
Influence of screw type and length on fixation of anterior glenoid bone grafts
Authors: Willemot Laurent B. , Wodicka Ross , Bosworth Adrian , Castagna Alessandro , Burns Joseph , Verborgt Olivier 
Published: April 2017

Background Bone-grafting procedures for recurrent shoulder instability produce low recurrence rates, although they are associated with complications such as graft non-union. Inadequate screw purchase is considered to play a causative role. However, excessive screw length can endanger neurovascular structures. The present study aimed to investigate how type and length of screws influences construct rigidity in a simplified glenoid model. Methods Testing was performed on composite polyurethane foam models with material properties and abstract dimensions of a deficient glenoid and an bone graft. Three screw types (cannulated 3.75 mm and 3.5 mm and solid 4.5 mm) secured the graft in a bicortical–bicortical, bicortical–unicortical and unicortical–unicortical configuration. Biomechanical testing consisted of applying axial loads when measuring graft displacement. Results At 200 N, graft displacement reached 0.74 mm, 0.27 mm and 0.24 mm for the unicortical–unicortical and 0.40 mm, 0.25 mm and 0.24 mm for the unicortical–bicortical configuration of the 3.75 mm, 3.5 mm and 4.5 mm screw types. The 3.75 mm screw incurred significant displacements in the unicortical configurations compared to the bicortical–bicortical method ( p < 0.001). Conclusions The present study demonstrates that common screw types resist physiological shear loads in a bicortical configuration. However, the 3.75 mm screws incurred significant displacements at 200 N in the unicortical configurations. These findings have implications regarding hardware selection for bone-grafting procedures.
Pseudostratified epithelia – cell biology, diversity and roles in organ formation at a glance
Authors: Norden Caren 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Pseudostratified epithelia (PSE) are widespread and diverse tissue arrangements, and many PSE are organ precursors in a variety of organisms. While cells in PSE, like other epithelial cells, feature apico-basal polarity, they generally are more elongated and their nuclei are more densely packed within the tissue. In addition, nuclei in PSE undergo interkinetic nuclear migration (IKNM, also referred to as INM), whereby all mitotic events occur at the apical surface of the elongated epithelium. Previous reviews have focused on the links between IKNM and the cell cycle, as well as the relationship between IKNM and neurogenesis, which will not be elaborated on here. Instead, in this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, I will discuss the cell biology of PSEs, highlighting how differences in PSE architecture could influence cellular behaviour, especially IKNM. Furthermore, I will summarize what we know about the links between apical mitosis in PSE and tissue integrity and maturation.
The VPS34 PI3K negatively regulates RAB-5 during endosome maturation
Authors: Law Fiona , Seo Jung Hwa , Wang Ziqing , DeLeon Jennifer L. , Bolis Yousstina , Brown Ashley , Zong Wei-Xing , Du Guangwei , Rocheleau Christian E. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
The GTPase Rab5 and phosphatidylinositol-3 phosphate [PI(3)P] coordinately regulate endosome trafficking. Rab5 recruits Vps34, the class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), to generate PI(3)P and recruit PI(3)P-binding proteins. Loss of Rab5 and loss of Vps34 have opposite effects on endosome size, suggesting that our understanding of how Rab5 and PI(3)P cooperate is incomplete. Here, we report a novel regulatory loop whereby Caenorhabditis elegans VPS-34 inactivates RAB-5 via recruitment of the TBC-2 Rab GTPase-activating protein. We found that loss of VPS-34 caused a phenotype with large late endosomes, as with loss of TBC-2, and that Rab5 activity (mice have two Rab5 isoforms, Rab5a and Rab5b) is increased in Vps34-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (Vps34 is also known as PIK3C3 in mammals). We found that VPS-34 is required for TBC-2 endosome localization and that the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of TBC-2 bound PI(3)P. Deletion of the PH domain enhanced TBC-2 localization to endosomes in a VPS-34-dependent manner. Thus, PI(3)P binding of the PH domain might be permissive for another PI(3)P-regulated interaction that recruits TBC-2 to endosomes. Therefore, VPS-34 recruits TBC-2 to endosomes to inactivate RAB-5 to ensure the directionality of endosome maturation.
In vivo reprogramming of non-mammary cells to an epithelial cell fate is independent of amphiregulin signaling
Authors: George Andrea L. , Boulanger Corinne A. , Anderson Lisa H. , Cagnet Stéphanie , Brisken Cathrin , Smith Gilbert H. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Amphiregulin (AREG)−/− mice demonstrate impaired mammary development and form only rudimentary ductal epithelial trees; however, AREG−/− glands are still capable of undergoing alveologenesis and lactogenesis during pregnancy. Transplantation of AREG−/− mammary epithelial cells into cleared mouse mammary fat pads results in a diminished capacity for epithelial growth (∼15%) as compared to that of wild-type mammary epithelial cells. To determine whether estrogen receptor α (ERα, also known as ESR1) and/or AREG signaling were necessary for non-mammary cell redirection, we inoculated either ERα−/− or AREG−/− mammary cells with non-mammary progenitor cells (WAP-Cre/Rosa26LacZ+ male testicular cells or GFP-positive embryonic neuronal stem cells). ERα−/− cells possessed a limited ability to grow or reprogram non-mammary cells in transplanted mammary fat pads. AREG−/− mammary cells were capable of redirecting both types of non-mammary cell populations to mammary phenotypes in regenerating mammary outgrowths. Transplantation of fragments from AREG-reprogrammed chimeric outgrowths resulted in secondary outgrowths in six out of ten fat pads, demonstrating the self-renewing capacity of the redirected non-mammary cells to contribute new progeny to chimeric outgrowths. Nestin was detected at the leading edges of developing alveoli, suggesting that its expression may be essential for lobular expansion.
Sperm in hot water: Direct and indirect thermal challenges interact to impact on brown trout sperm quality
Authors: Fenkes Miriam , Fitzpatrick John L. , Ozolina Karlina , Shiels Holly A. , Nudds Robert L. 
Published: April 2017

Recent and future climate change alters the thermal habitat of aquatic species on a global scale, generating novel environmental challenges during all life stages, including reproduction. Changes in water temperature profoundly influence the performance of ectothermic aquatic organisms. This is an especially crucial issue for migratory fish, because they traverse multiple environments in order to reproduce. In externally fertilizing migratory fish, gametes are affected by water temperature indirectly, within the reproductive organ in which they are produced during migration, as well as directly upon release into the surrounding medium upon arrival at their spawning grounds. Both direct (after release) and indirect (during production) thermal impacts on gamete quality have been investigated, but never in conjunction.Here, we assessed the cumulative influence of temperature on brown trout, Salmo trutta, sperm quality during sperm production (male acclimation temperature) as well as upon release (sperm activation water temperature) on two consecutive dates during the brown trout spawning season. Early in the season, warm acclimation of males reduced their fertilization probability (lower sperm velocity) when compared to cold acclimated males, especially when activation water temperature was also increased beyond the thermal optimum (resulting in a lower proportion of motile sperm with lower velocity). Later in the season, sperm quality was unaffected by acclimation temperature and thermal sensitivity of sperm was reduced. These results give novel insights into the complex impacts of climate change on fish sperm, with implications for the reproduction and management of hatchery and wild trout populations in future climate scenarios.
Small Animal Review
Authors: Tennant Bryn 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) in the cat is most commonly associated with a combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin production. A large study confirms the recognised risk factors for DM such as obesity and inactivity, but also demonstrates that feeding a high-carbohydrate dry food to cats with a normal body weight is a risk factor, and that some outdoor access for inactive cats is protective.
Chivalry, Materialism, and the Grotesque in Don Quijote and Alberto Blest Gana’s El ideal de un calavera
Authors: Vilches Patricia 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This study analyses chivalry, materialism, and the grotesque in Alberto Blest Gana’s El ideal de un calavera [The Ideal of a Rogue] (1863) under the light of Miguel de Cervantes’s Don Quijote’s part II (1615). It underscores the legacy of Cervantes on the Chilean author especially in his reflections on nation building. Unlike its author, Don Quijote eluded restriction and successfully reached the colonies; once there, author and text became a massive influence on intellectuals in the burgeoning Americas. Blest Gana, for example, created protagonists who were multi-dimensional and imbued with quixotic overtones. Praised by his counterparts, he created work that was finely detailed, with a goal of portraying the nation’s cultural practices at specifics points in history. Deploying techniques inspired by Honore de Balzac (also a reader of Don Quijote), Blest Gana illustrated the colourful aspects of his society. His sharp eye depicted and interpreted nationhood and society through the course of dramatic historical events in El ideal de un calavera by shining a bright light on the political and social enemies who emerged in the historical unravelling of the nation in the 1830s. The resulting kaleidoscope of astute, idealistic and cowardly individuals conveyed subtle yet definite Cervantesque tones.
Getting Multiculturalism Right: Deontology and the Concern for Neutrality
Authors: Johnson Matthew 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In recent years, the notion of pluralism or, as it is often termed, “multiculturalism,” has been subject to critique by a range of public figures on the right of the political spectrum, such as David Cameron, Angela Merkel and Donald Trump. While “multiculturalism” is presented as being antithetical to the traditions of Western societies, it is, in fact, grounded in the same liberal tradition of individual rights as that invoked by those on the right. This article aims to outline the intellectual tradition of deontological or rights-based pluralism, demonstrating that it is an inherent part of the liberal political tradition upon which modern liberal democracies are formed. By tracing ideas derived from John Locke and Immanuel Kant and developed in the modern world by Will Kymlicka, John Rawls and Chandran Kukathas, this article seeks to enable those beyond the discipline of political philosophy to understand the ways in which rejecting pluralism means rejecting core commitments to equality, neutrality, respect and fairness.
Chronic viral hepatitis and its association with liver cancer
Authors: Tu Thomas , Bühler Sandra , Bartenschlager Ralf 
Published: April 2017

AbstractChronic infection with hepatitis viruses represents the major causative factor for end-stage liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC). In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive the hepatocarcinogenesis associated with chronic hepatitis virus infections. While chronic inflammation (associated with a persistent, but impaired anti-viral immune response) plays a major role in HCC initiation and progression, hepatitis viruses can also directly drive liver cancer. The mechanisms by which hepatitis viruses induce HCC include: hepatitis B virus DNA integration into the host cell genome; metabolic reprogramming by virus infection; induction of the cellular stress response pathway by viral gene products; and interference with tumour suppressors. Finally, we summarise the limitations of hepatitis virus-associated HCC model systems and the development of new techniques to circumvent these shortcomings.
Analysis and identification of influential phenomena on iron losses in embedded permanent magnet synchronous machine
Authors: Breznik Mitja , Goričan Viktor , Hamler Anton , Čorović Selma , Miljavec Damijan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper presents magnetic flux density behaviour in laminated electrical sheets which affects the results and precision of iron losses calculation in imbedded permanent magnet (IPM) machine. Objective of the research was to analyse all the influential phenomena that were identified through iron loss models analysis, finite element method simulations and iron loss measurements. The presence of phenomena such as harmonic content and rotational magnetic fields are confirmed with finite element method analysis of concentrated and distributed winding IPM machine. A significant magnetic flux density ripple in the rotor of concentrated winding IPM machine in comparison to distributed winding IPM machine is revealed and analysed. Behaviour that affects iron loss in the rotor of synchronous machines in the absence of first order harmonic is analysed. The DC level added to alternating magnetic flux density was used in experiment to mimic magnetic behaviour on the rotor of IPM machine and further to calculate iron losses.