bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What if … there were no special schools?
Authors: Ebenbeck Nikola , Koch Jakob , Ebenbeck Jakob , Gebhardt Markus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInclusive education is a human right that involves restructuring the school system and closing special schools. However, there is uncertainty about whether all or only some students in an inclusive system should attend regular primary schools and whether all or only some special schools should be closed. This question is usually only discussed in terms of the best possible care and education and the challenge of transportation to school and travel distances is neglected. This article attempts to take both into account. The federal state of Bavaria in Germany does not yet have a fully developed inclusive school system. Using school statistics data for the entire Bavarian primary school population in 2020 (N > 445,000) and geographical data, we simulate deterministically what the Bavarian primary school system could look like with various underlying inclusion models. We analyse the resulting student numbers, support rates of primary schools and school travel distances of former special school students in an urban-rural comparison in four different simulated inclusion models. The results show that all models are potentially feasible. The student numbers at each primary school resulting from the closure of special schools would in most cases not change significantly, whereas the support rate (i.e., the percentage of students with SEN per primary school) would. Schooling close to home favours students in rural areas in particular and significantly reduces their journeys to school by up to 30 km, while for students in urban areas, all inclusive models would be possible. The pedagogical and systemic consequences of the simulated inclusion models are discussed.
Schulkomposition und Lernbedingungen: die Perspektive von Schulleitungen zu Qualitätsmerkmalen an Grundschulen
Authors: Kürzinger Anja , Seiderer Sonja , Funk Martina , Schult Johannes , Immerfall Stefan 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungMit Blick auf den wachsenden Kompetenzrückgang in der Primarstufe werden im Beitrag Lernbedingungen an unterschiedlich zusammengesetzten Grundschulen untersucht.Die Analyse stützt sich auf eine Befragung von 152 Schulleitungen an Grundschulen, die mit VERA 3‑Daten zur Komposition von 5553 Schüler*innen in Klasse 3 kombiniert wurde.Latente Profilanalysen deuten auf drei Schulprofile, die sich in Abhängigkeit von der Leseleistung, des kulturellen Kapitals sowie der Alltagsmehrsprachigkeit der Lernenden als (1) sozial privilegierte, (2) sozial benachteiligte und (3) moderate Grundschulen charakterisieren lassen. Hinsichtlich der Lernbedingungen unterscheiden sich die Profile aus Sicht der Schulleitungen insbesondere im Bildungsklima und dem Umgang mit Anforderungen im Distanzunterricht während der Pandemie. So werden der akademische Fokus, die Fähigkeiten der Lehrkräfte und das Vertrauen in die Eltern an sozial benachteiligten Grundschulen tendenziell geringer eingeschätzt. Schulleitungen dieses Grundschulprofils scheinen im Distanzunterricht auch eher Anforderungen reduziert zu haben und von dem Einfluss familiärer Determinanten auf den Bildungserfolg überzeugt zu sein. Ebenso ist der von den Schulleitungen eingeschätzte Lehrkräftemangel an sozial benachteiligten Grundschulen signifikant höher als bei privilegierteren Schulen.
Rule breakers achieve successful shoulder balance: unraveling the myth of upper instrumented vertebrae selection criteria
Authors: Drake Luke C. , D’Amore Peter W. , Fontenot Bailli , Tetreault Tyler A. , Younis Manaf , Leonardi Claudia , Valenzuela-Moss Jaquelyn , Andras Lindsay M. , Heffernan Michael J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study compared shoulder balance outcomes in “rule breakers” (RB) vs. “rule followers” (RF) based on commonly utilized upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV) selection guidelines.

Methods
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients (Lenke 1–4) who underwent posterior spine fusion (PSF) with minimum 2-year follow-up had radiographic measurement of shoulder balance including first rib angle (FRA), T1 tilt, coracoid process height difference (CPHD), and clavicle angle (CA) at preop, postop, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year timepoints. Postoperative outcomes were compared between RB and RF groups defined based on the UIV selection guidelines of Rose and Lenke.

Results
Among 88 patients (43 RF, 45 RB), age, gender, preoperative T1 tilt, FRA, CA, and CPHD were not significantly different between groups (p > 0.05). Immediately post-surgery, the RF group had more balanced shoulders (CPHD: 11.6 mm vs. 15.7 mm, p = 0.033; CA: 2.8° vs. 3.6°, p = 0.045; FRA: 3.4° vs. 5.1°, p = 0.009; T1 tilt: 4.7° vs. 6.1°, p = 0.045). At 2 years, no difference was observed between RF vs. RB in CA (2.3 vs. 2.2°, p = 0.857) and CPHD (8.5 vs. 8.1 mm, p = 0.791). FRA and T1 tilt were higher in RB vs. RF (FRA: 4.6 vs. 2.9°, p = 0.002; T1 tilt: 5.6 vs. 3.9, p = 0.008). Shoulder balance (CPHD < 1 cm) was achieved in 73.1% of RB and 69.9% of RF at 2-year follow-up (p = 0.216).

Conclusion
Adherence to commonly accepted UIV selection guidelines did not predict better shoulder balance. The RB group had worse shoulder balance immediately post-surgery, but also improved more over time. These results suggest the need to refine current UIV selection and management.

Level of evidence
III.
Systematic Review of Construction Waste Management Scenarios: Informing Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis
Authors: Balasbaneh Ali Tighnavard , Sher Willy , Li Jingnan , Ashour Ashraf 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is increasing due to rapid urbanization. An estimated 35% of CDW is disposed of in landfills worldwide. Thus all available strategies for minimizing the environmental and economic impacts of CDW are explored. This study reviews the use of recycled construction and demolition waste as substitutes for primary materials as well as strategies for the reuse of materials that lead to the circular economy. The aim of this study is to analyse previous literature on CDW that use life cycle analysis and contribute to the circular economy.

Methodology
A bibliometric analysis and systematic critical review is presented to investigate the contribution of construction materials to life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA). The Scopus database was the main source of data reviewed. The geographical distribution, main research sources, and keywords co-occurrence were analyzed for 69 peer-reviewed articles and conference papers.

Findings
Most studies compared the life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) of alternative concrete recycling methods or using waste instead of aggregates in concrete. Recycling or reuse of concrete, bricks, wood, gypsum, and steel are the most common materials studied in previous research. A knowledge gap is proposed for future research.

Originality
The knowledge gaps identified focus on wood waste and concrete. Currently it is not clear which of the options proposed is the most sustainable.
How Many Times Should I Use My Reusable Packaging? Exploring the Role of an Environmental Break-Even Point in Shaping Consumers’ Intention to Reuse
Authors: Miao Xueqing , Magnier Lise , Mugge Ruth 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith growing awareness of packaging waste and pollution, reusable packaging systems (RPSs) appear to be a solution to mitigate the environmental impact of single-use packaging. Nevertheless, RPSs only become less environmentally harmful than single-use after each packaging is reused a minimum number of times, which is defined as the environmental break-even point (e-BEP). A lack of knowledge regarding this critical threshold may lead consumers to be overly optimistic about their reuse behaviour, resulting in insufficient reuse. Communicating e-BEPs can motivate conscious reuse but may also have drawbacks. We used a mixed-method approach consisting of an experiment (N = 276) with four e-BEP conditions (absent, low, medium and high) followed by open-ended questions. The quantitative findings showed that regardless of the e-BEP level, consumers neglected the efforts it implied and consistently exhibited positive perceptions. Nevertheless, the qualitative findings revealed several misperceptions of e-BEPs due to limited understanding. In a subsequent post-test (N = 208), we uncovered the role of consumers’ prior experience with reusable packaging on their evaluations and behavioural intentions. Experienced consumers who have used reusable packaging seem to be more aware of specific challenges in reuse. They exhibited heightened green scepticism and reduced perceived consumer effectiveness in response to high (versus low) e-BEPs. Conversely, inexperienced consumers appeared unaffected by e-BEP conditions. Based on these results, we proposed the potential effect of e-BEPs on consumer evaluations and derived theoretical and practical implications to encourage sustained reuse behaviour in the long run.
Innovative Pathways for the use of Excavation Materials in the Frame of the Future Circular Collider Project
Authors: Hauzinger Elisabeth , Ulrici Luisa , Gutleber Johannes , Galler Robert , Schneider Daniel , Haas Maximilian , Benedikt Michael , Pillet Mathieu , Voiron Jérémy , Boillon Pierre , Denot Agathe , Paciello Julie , D‘Aloia Laetitia , Machinet Gaylord , Deep-Collet Maha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBased a recommendation of the European strategy of particle physics of 2020 due to the great research success of the last decade CERN is planning a new circular collider with a circumference of approximately 91 km. To start construction in the middle 2030s a feasibility study is underway which includes scientific and financial components as well as territorial aspects such as geology, environment, technical infrastructure and civil engineering. One important factor is the management of the approximately 8 Mio. m3 of excavation materials, which consists mostly of molassic sediments of the Geneva Basin. In order to ensure that as much of the material as possible is put to high quality use in accordance with local regulations, the international contest “Mining the Future®” was launched. For this task geotechnical, mineralogical and geochemical tests were carried out on a large number of samples from across the study area. Based on the results, various utilization options were designed, which are primarily oriented towards alternative building materials with a low carbon footprint as well as agricultural use. The resulting concept of these sustainable strategies not only has a positive impact on the construction industry, but also play a major socio-economic role, as they improve social acceptance as well as responsibility in relation to large-scale projects.
Normativity and AI moral agency
Authors: Zafar Mandy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe meanings of the concepts of moral agency in application to AI technologies differ vastly from the ones we use for human agents. Minimal definitions of AI moral agency are often connected with other normative agency-related concepts, such as rationality or intelligence, autonomy, or responsibility. This paper discusses the problematic application of minimal concepts of moral agency to AI. I explore why any comprehensive account of AI moral agency has to consider the interconnections to other normative agency-related concepts and beware of four basic detrimental mistakes in the current debate. The results of the analysis are: (1) speaking about AI agency may lead to serious demarcation problems and confusing assumptions about the abilities and prospects of AI technologies; (2) the talk of AI moral agency is based on confusing assumptions and turns out to be senseless in the current prevalent versions. As one possible solution, I propose to replace the concept of AI agency with the concept of AI automated performance (AIAP).
Mathematical Models of Drug Delivery via a Contact Lens During Wear
Authors: Anderson Daniel M. , Luke Rayanne A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this work we develop and investigate mathematical and computational models that describe drug delivery from a contact lens during wear. Our models are designed to predict the dynamics of drug release from the contact lens and subsequent transport into the adjacent pre-lens tear film and post-lens tear film as well as into the ocular tissue (e.g. cornea), into the eyelid, and out of these regions. These processes are modeled by one dimensional diffusion out of the lens coupled to compartment-type models for drug concentrations in the various accompanying regions. In addition to numerical solutions that are compared with experimental data on drug release in an in vitro eye model, we also identify a large diffusion limit model for which analytical solutions can be written down for all quantities of interest, such as cumulative release of the drug from the contact lens. We use our models to make assessments about possible mechanisms and drug transport pathways through the pre-lens and post-lens tear films and provide interpretation of experimental observations. We discuss successes and limitations of our models as well as their potential to guide further research to help understand the dynamics of ophthalmic drug delivery via drug-eluting contact lenses.
Health survey on anxiety, depression, and stress in Afghanistan: A large-scale cross-sectional study amid ongoing challenges
Authors: Neyazi Ahmad , Mohammadi Abdul Qadim , Razaqi Nosaibah , Rahimi Bilal Ahmad , Sifat Sifatullah , Rahimy Najeebullah , Tareen Zarghoon , Mehmood Qasim , Satapathy Prakasini , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
One of the most significant events in recent Afghan history is the rise of the Taliban and the war that followed, which had profound impacts on the lives of Afghans. The present study examined the mental health of Afghans living under the Taliban government.

Methods
Between June 5, 2023 and February 12, 2024, a cross-sectional study was conducted among the Afghan population in three key regions of Afghanistan. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS-21) was utilized to assess depression, anxiety and stress of the Afghan population. Ethical permission for this study was granted by the Afghanistan Center for Epidemiological Studies (ACES). Logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and depression, anxiety, and stress among 2,698 participants.

Results
The prevalence of depression was 72.05%, anxiety was 71.94%, and stress was 66.49%. Multiple regression analysis indicated that gender (being female), economic status (being poor), residency (living in rural areas), education level (being illiterate), being a cigarette smoker, and having experienced a bad event during the past month were significantly associated with depression, anxiety and stress.

Conclusion
The findings of the present study show very high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, most likely reflecting the profound impact of recent political, social, and economic changes. Notably, a significant majority of participants, particularly females and individuals above 35 years of age, reported severe to extremely severe mental health symptoms. The mental health crisis in Afghanistan is a complex and urgent issue that requires a comprehensive and compassionate response.
Regulation of autophagy by protein lipidation
Authors: Shao Yuqian , Hu Junchao , Li Huihui , Lu Kefeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAutophagy is a conserved catabolic recycling pathway that can eliminate cytosolic materials to maintain homeostasis and organelle functions. Many studies over the past few decades have demonstrated that abnormal autophagy is associated with a variety of diseases. Protein lipidation plays an important role in the regulation of autophagy by affecting protein trafficking, localization, stability, interactions and signal transduction. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the role of lipidation in autophagy, including S-palmitoylation, N-myristoylation, S-prenylation, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor modification and cholesterylation. We comprehensively review the enzymes and catalytic mechanisms of lipidation and discuss the relationship between lipidation and autophagy, aiming to deepen the understanding of lipidation and promote the discovery of drug targets for the treatment of autophagy-related diseases.
Residents’ pro-environmental behaviors in marine environmental protection
Authors: Xu Zhihua , Lin Yue , Li Shuqin , Huang Yiming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGuiding the public to implement pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) is an important tool in protecting the marine environment. Based on a survey of 418 citizens in Qingdao, the public’s behavioral attitudes and media concerns are introduced to expand the traditional norm activation model (NAM) to understand the public’s PEBs to give references in constructing an effective public participation mechanism in marine environmental protection. The results reveal that most residents express a strong willingness to implement all types of PEBs, with a notable preference for recycling behaviors, followed by accommodating, public, and consuming behaviors. The extended NAM is found to be particularly effective in explaining accommodating and public behaviors. Personal norms can affect PEBs directly, whereas perceived responsibility and media concerns exert indirect effects on PEBs. Meanwhile, there are some differences in the formation mechanism among different behaviors. This research is conducive to understanding the public’s PEBs and thereby improving public participation in marine environmental protection.
Intra-individual variability of markers of skeletal and heart muscle damage after two full distance Ironman: the Iron(WO)man study
Authors: Danielsson Tom , Bergman Patrick , Carlsson Jörg 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the tracking, i.e., the stability, of response in biomarkers signaling cardiac- and skeletal muscle damage after two full distance Ironman races separated by one year.

Methods
Thirteen individuals (7 females) who participated in two Ironman races in Sweden year 2015 and 2016 and had been included in the Iron(WO)man study were investigated. Blood samples were drawn immediately after the race and were analyzed for cardiac troponin T, N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide, myoglobin, creatine kinase and serum creatinine. Stability of the biomarker response between the year-to-year was estimated by calculating tracking coefficients using Spearman correlation.

Results
There were no intra-individual differences in the post-race values in any of the studied biomarkers (all p > 0.05). All tracking coefficients showed a substantial stability (rho = 0.60–0.77).

Conclusion
It appears that there are individuals who are at particular risk of getting high levels of biomarkers signaling cardiac and skeletal muscle damage. However, this secondary analysis was neither designed nor powered to give definite answers and could not rule out the possibility that higher markers in fact represent occult heart disease.
Scales and inferences
Authors: Orr Shirly , Ariel Mira , Shetreet Einat 
Published: September 2024

AbstractScalar inferences (SIs) are upper-bounding inferences associated with the use of semantically lower-bounded scalar expressions. One of the current debates regarding these inferences concerns their inferential pattern, specifically whether SIs are uniform or diverse across scales. This study follows the work on scalar diversity yet introduces two changes: First, we reexamine, from a different perspective, two structural properties of scales identified as accounting for SI diversity (boundedness and distance). Second, we analyze our data using both traditional regression analysis and complementary cluster analysis. The regression analysis demonstrates that our reexamination of the structural properties provides a more effective model, which also emphasizes the relationship between boundedness and distance. Specifically, we propose that boundedness fixes distance. The cluster analysis demonstrates two scale types: given-scales, which have an entrenched scalar construal, trigger SIs robustly; and volatile-scales, which have a fluctuant scalar construal, trigger SIs inconsistently. Building on these two scale types, we propose a necessary distinction between the conceptualization of a scale, which is diverse across different scales, and the actual derivation of the SI, which is uniform for all scales, once a scale has been construed. This distinction, we propose, explains how diversity can coexist alongside uniformity.
QUASI-HEREDITARY SKEW GROUP ALGEBRAS
Authors: RODRIGUEZ RASMUSSEN ANNA 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Given an algebra and a finite group acting on it via automorphisms, a natural object of study is the associated skew group algebra. In this article, we study the relationship between quasi-hereditary structures on the original algebra and on the corresponding skew group algebra. Assuming a natural compatibility condition on the partial order, we show that the skew group algebra is quasi-hereditary if and only if the original algebra is. Moreover, we show that in this setting an exact Borel subalgebra of the original algebra which is invariant as a set under the group action gives rise to an exact Borel subalgebra of the skew group algebra and that under this construction, properties such as normality and regularity of the exact Borel subalgebra are preserved.
Word learning in the wild: App-based evidence for valence and concreteness effects
Authors: Wild Heather Ann , Kuperman Victor 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSecond language (L2) learners need to acquire large vocabularies to approach native-like proficiency. Many controlled experiments have investigated the factors facilitating and hindering word learning; however, few studies have validated these findings in real-world learning scenarios. We use data from the language learning app Lingvist to explore how L2 word learning is affected by valence (positivity/negativity) and concreteness of target words and their linguistic contexts. We found that valence, but not concreteness, affects learning. Users learned positive and negative words better than neutral ones. Moreover, positive words are learned best in positive contexts and negative words in more negative contexts. Word and context valence effects are strongest on the learner’s second encounter with the target word and diminish across subsequent encounters. These findings provide support for theories of embodied cognition and the lexical quality hypothesis and point to the linguistic factors that make learning words, and by extension languages, faster.