bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cis‐Platinum Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Jacobs Charlotte , Bertino Joseph R. , Goffinet Don R. , Fee Willard E. , Goode Richard L. 
Published: April 2016

Sixteen patients with advanced head and neck carcinomas were treated with cis‐diamminedichloro platinum chemotherapy; seven preoperatively and nine for recurrent disease. Cis‐platinum was given by 24‐hour infusions of 80 mg/m2 every three weeks. There was 50% regression in 38% (6) of the patients; another 38% (6) had 25% to 50% regression. Toxicity was minimal, with vomiting occurring in 75% (12) of the courses, renal toxicity in 6% (2), leukopenia in 13% (4), thrombocytopenia in 9% (3), and anemia in 31% (10). Of the seven patients who had serial audiograms, only one experienced ototoxicity. Cis‐platinum, given by 24‐hour infusion, was effective in reducing tumor bulk in 75% (12) of the patients with advanced head and neck carcinomas, without undue morbidity.
Permanent Threshold Shift and Cochlear Hair Cell Loss in the Kanamycin‐Treated Guinea Pig
Authors: Prosen Cynthia A. , Petersen Michael R. , Moody David. B. , Stebbins William C. , Hawkins Joseph E. 
Published: April 2016

The differential contribution of the inner hair cells (IHC) and the outer hair cells (OHC) in the mammalian cochlea to hearing sensitivity was assessed in six behaviorally‐trained guinea pigs by comparing audiograms preadministration and postadministration of kanamycin, an antibiotic that predominantly destroys guinea pig OHC while leaving the IHC structurally unchanged. The results support the hypothesis that only the IHC of the cochlea responds to tones approximately 50 to 60 dB above the threshold of the intact cochlea.
MutSpec: a Galaxy toolbox for streamlined analyses of somatic mutation spectra in human and mouse cancer genomes
Authors: Ardin Maude , Cahais Vincent , Castells Xavier , Bouaoun Liacine , Byrnes Graham , Herceg Zdenko , Zavadil Jiri , Olivier Magali 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
The nature of somatic mutations observed in human tumors at single gene or genome-wide levels can reveal information on past carcinogenic exposures and mutational processes contributing to tumor development. While large amounts of sequencing data are being generated, the associated analysis and interpretation of mutation patterns that may reveal clues about the natural history of cancer present complex and challenging tasks that require advanced bioinformatics skills. To make such analyses accessible to a wider community of researchers with no programming expertise, we have developed within the web-based user-friendly platform Galaxy a first-of-its-kind package called MutSpec.

Results
MutSpec includes a set of tools that perform variant annotation and use advanced statistics for the identification of mutation signatures present in cancer genomes and for comparing the obtained signatures with those published in the COSMIC database and other sources. MutSpec offers an accessible framework for building reproducible analysis pipelines, integrating existing methods and scripts developed in-house with publicly available R packages. MutSpec may be used to analyse data from whole-exome, whole-genome or targeted sequencing experiments performed on human or mouse genomes. Results are provided in various formats including rich graphical outputs. An example is presented to illustrate the package functionalities, the straightforward workflow analysis and the richness of the statistics and publication-grade graphics produced by the tool.

Conclusions
MutSpec offers an easy-to-use graphical interface embedded in the popular Galaxy platform that can be used by researchers with limited programming or bioinformatics expertise to analyse mutation signatures present in cancer genomes. MutSpec can thus effectively assist in the discovery of complex mutational processes resulting from exogenous and endogenous carcinogenic insults.
gtrellis: an R/Bioconductor package for making genome-level Trellis graphics
Authors: Gu Zuguang , Eils Roland , Schlesner Matthias 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
Trellis graphics are a visualization method that splits data by one or more categorical variables and displays subsets of the data in a grid of panels. Trellis graphics are broadly used in genomic data analysis to compare statistics over different categories in parallel and reveal multivariate relationships. However, current software packages to produce Trellis graphics have not been designed with genomic data in mind and lack some functionality that is required for effective visualization of genomic data.

Results
Here we introduce the gtrellis package which provides an efficient and extensible way to visualize genomic data in a Trellis layout. gtrellis provides highly flexible Trellis layouts which allow efficient arrangement of genomic categories on the plot. It supports multiple-track visualization, which makes it straightforward to visualize several properties of genomic data in parallel to explain complex relationships. In addition, gtrellis provides an extensible framework that allows adding user-defined graphics.

Conclusions
The gtrellis package provides an easy and effective way to visualize genomic data and reveal high dimensional relationships on a genome-wide scale. gtrellis can be flexibly extended and thus can also serve as a base package for highly specific purposes. gtrellis makes it easy to produce novel visualizations, which can lead to the discovery of previously unrecognized patterns in genomic data.
Provisional Tic Disorder: What to tell parents when their child first starts ticcing
Authors: Black Kevin J , Black Elizabeth Rose , Greene Deanna J. , Schlaggar Bradley L. 
Published: April 2016

The child with recent onset of tics is a common patient in a pediatrics or child neurology practice. If the child’s first tic was less than a year in the past, the diagnosis is usually Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD). Published reviews by experts reveal substantial consensus on prognosis in this situation: the tics will almost always disappear in a few months, having remained mild while they lasted. Surprisingly, however, the sparse existing data may not support these opinions.PTD may have just as much importance for science as for clinical care. It provides an opportunity to prospectively observe the spontaneous remission of tics. Such prospective studies may aid identification of genes or biomarkers specifically associated with remission rather than onset of tics. A better understanding of tic remission may also suggest novel treatment strategies for Tourette syndrome, or may lead to secondary prevention of tic disorders.This review summarizes the limited existing data on the epidemiology, phenomenology, and outcome of PTD, highlights areas in which prospective study is sorely needed, and proposes that tic disorders may completely remit much less often than is generally believed.
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the early diagnosis of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Shah T , Abu-Sanad O , Marsh H 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Paratesticular lesions are common, and one subgroup is paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. The latter is a relatively uncommon (but aggressive) tumour that affects children and adolescents predominantly. Ultrasound is the first-line investigation, but can be inconclusive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide useful information, but its role in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma is not clear. Case History We report a 17-year-old male who presented with a one-month history of a rapidly enlarging, non-tender, lump in the right testicle. Urgent ultrasound of the scrotum revealed a heterogenous paratesticular mass that was hypervascular and showed calcification in the right inguinal area. MRI of the pelvis showed a solid, enhancing lesion of dimension located superior to the upper pole of the right testes and a slightly heterogeneous T2 signal, but was homogenous post-contrast. The patient underwent right radical orchidectomy, and histology results were assessed. He received chemotherapy and is being followed up. Conclusions Improvements in imaging in addition to early surgical intervention and chemotherapy treatment are crucial to improve survival chances against rhabdomyosarcoma. Ultrasound findings for benign diseases may mimic those seen in rhabdomyosarcoma. In such cases of diagnostic uncertainty, our surgical team suggest MRI to reduce the risk of a delayed diagnosis and time to treatment.
A novel corrective approach to achieve satisfactory function of a ‘sunk’ colostomy
Authors: Siddique K , Prud’Homme G , Samuel N , Avil-Griffiths K , Offori T 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Creation of gastrointestinal stomas is a common colorectal procedure associated with early or late complications, some of which demand advanced technical skills and expertise for optimal management. Case History A 63-year-old male underwent a defunctioning loop colostomy for locally advanced rectal cancer with liver metastasis. Three months later, he had developed a skinfold over his stoma that resulted in a horizontal skin crease traversing through the stoma, causing the stoma to ‘sink’ leading to obliteration of the stomal opening. This scenario led to ineffective attachment of a stoma appliance, resulting in painful peristomal ulcers. After excision of the anterior abdominal wall, assessment of colostomy opening was carried out, followed by closure of the subcutaneous tissues and drain fixation. An elevated colostomy with an adequate functional opening was seen after wound closure. The patient made an uneventful recovery and was discharged home. After 3 weeks, he had a fully opened, normally functioning colostomy and peristomal ulcers were almost healed. Conclusions This case highlights the challenges of stoma management, its related risks, avoidance of delay in chemotherapy, a patient wish for early return to work, and the novel approach we adopted to deal with these issues.
How to Survive the Whitewashing of AIDS: Global Pasts, Transnational Futures
Authors: Shahani Nishant 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this paper, I critique contemporary AIDS narratives of historiographic heroism that flatten the complex legacy of intersectional and transnational labor across coalitional lines. I ground my arguments about AIDS gentrification through a critique of the documentary How to Survive a Plague (2012) not simply to offer a “corrective” account of AIDS history that fills in missing gaps, but to intervene into the representational terms of AIDS historiography that has crucial biopolitical and epidemiological implications in contexts that are not limited to the Global North. More specifically, I critique the redemption of biomedical discourse in contemporary AIDS narratives, examining its implications in the context of a transnational political economy that continues to mediate HIV drug access and affordability for people living with AIDS in the Global South (specifically, the political economy of India). I conclude my paper with a global focus of early AIDS activisms-both in the sense of a broader vision of coalitional politics as well as a transnational impetus-that moved beyond a drugs-into-bodies goal, which has come to dominate the representational field of AIDS history since 2010. These queer refusals of single-issue politics are in danger of being whitewashed if positivist versions of AIDS discourse lay claim to the “truth” about the epidemic’s historiography. At stake is not simply the need to proliferate and assert different versions of activist histories as more authentic, but to mobilize these alternative archival mediations to challenge the gentrification of AIDS in the Global North.
Subversive Maternities: Staceyann Chin’s Contemplative Voice
Authors: Palmer-Mehta Valerie 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Author, activist, and performance artist Staceyann Chin uses her various platforms to express the complexities she faces as a Jamaican-Chinese lesbian immigrant living in New York. Chin recently expanded her repertoire to include a ten-part guest column for the national U.S. online newspaper, Huffington Post, in which she describes her journey to motherhood as a single, immigrant lesbian. Her column raises critical questions regarding what is considered “legitimate” motherhood, who counts as family, and what constitutes home, providing an important challenge to deeply entrenched, but understudied, Western domestic rhetorics. Using feminist rhetorical criticism, I examine the ten articles that comprise Chin’s guest column. Drawing on and adapting Royster and Kirsch’s notion of strategic contemplation, I demonstrate that Chin deconstructs the universality of maternal identity and reimagines what it means to be a mother by engaging in an unfolding process of looking outward and inward, activating what I call a contemplative voice that illuminates the discursive limitations of her environment. In addition, I argue that Chin affirms new forms of attachments as she reconceptualizes home and family by creating her own meaningful transnational intimacies of choice. As she breaks down dominant discourses, she also reifies them, employing timeworn stereotypes regarding Western femininity and reinforcing global consumerism, which suggests the limits of her critique. By tracing these lines of inquiry, I demonstrate that Chin’s discourse presents productive challenges to Western domestic rhetorics while gesturing toward important, if overlooked, discursive terrain for scholars of public discourse.
Effects of nitrogen treatment and intra-row spacing on the morphological and physiological characteristics in pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)
Authors: HAMIDI Nastran , MOHAMMADI Hamid , VOJOUDI Lamia , SADEGHI Amirreza 
Published: April 2016

Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) is a medicinal plant recently under common cultivation in Iran. The seeds and its products are used in the treatment of some diseases. Due to the lack of information about the intra-row spacing and nutritional demands of the plant a factorial experiment with Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was planned in Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Research Field in 2013. The treatments were 5 levels of Urea fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg/ha nitrogen), and intra-row spacing in 3 levels (30, 60 and 90 cm). The result showed that interaction effects of intra-row spacing and nitrogen treatment had significant effect on some morphological traits such as plant height, number of auxiliary branches and leaf number per plant. Application of 200 kg/ha nitrogen increased the plant height, the number for auxiliary branches and leaves as well as the leaves dry mass, mainly due to the prolonged vegetative growth period and delayed flowering and fruiting. 150 kg/ha nitrogen combined with 60 cm intra-row spacing hold the highest number of female flowers, fruit number and intact fruit number and fruit fresh weight, and the highest dry weight of the intact seeds. The results for some physiological traits showed that interaction effects of nitrogen and intra-row spacing had significant effects on chlorophyll b at the late stages of flowering period and the contents for chlorophyll a and carotenoids were significant at the end of growing season. The highest oil content was recorded in 150 kg/ha nitrogen and 60 cm intra-row spacing. Based on results obtained, 150 kg/ha nitrogen and 60 cm intra-row spacing were the best regime for the production of this plant.
Germination and seedling characteristics of drought-stressed corn seed as influenced by seed priming with potassium nano-chelate and sulfate fertilizers
Authors: ZAHEDIFAR Maryam , ZOHRABI Sadegh 
Published: April 2016

Effect of seed-priming with potassium (K) sources (K-nano-chelate, KNC, and sulfate (0, 2 and 4 %)) under drought stress (DS) conditions (0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9, -1.2 and -1.5 MPa water potential) on the corn seedling traits was studied. Drought stress decreased the germination indices and seedling vigor. The highest germination, seminal root fresh and dry mass (RFM and RDM) was obtained in KNC primed seeds at -0.3 MPa DS. Mean germination time increased under DS conditions mainly in non-primed seeds. Increasing DS to -1.2 MPa led to decrease in RFM and RDM. Influence of DS on the fresh mass of shoots was more severe than on seminal roots. The highest shoots and seminal roots length was observed in 4 % KNC without any DS. Proper priming can be suggested to increase the plant tolerance under DS.
The second largest Erdős–Ko–Rado sets of generators of the hyperbolic quadrics Q+(4n + 1, q)
Authors: De Boeck Maarten 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
AnErdős-Ko-Rado set of generators of a hyperbolic quadric is a set of generatorswhich are pairwise not disjoint. In this article we classify the second largest maximal Erdos-Ko-Rado set of generators of the hyperbolic quadrics Q+(4n + 1, q), q ≥ 3.
On the axioms for Sabinin algebras
Authors: Weingart Gregor 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The tangent space of a Lie loop, a non-associative Lie group, carries the structure of a Sabinin algebra, an algebraic concept generalizing Lie algebras. Alternatively a Sabinin algebra can be interpreted as the universal local covariant of a flat affine connection. Combining this interpretation of Sabinin algebras with a version of the parallel transport equation we prove that every Sabinin algebra structure determines and is determined by the one-sided linear terms in the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula for the multiplication in the underlying loop. Based on this resultwe prove that every abstract Sabinin algebra over ℝ is the tangent algebra of a global Lie loop.
Social Mechanisms and Empirical Research in the Field of Sociology of the Family: The Case of Separation and Divorce
Authors: Kopp Johannes , Richter Nico 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
During the last decades, social mechanisms have been broadly discussed in general sociology, but, in family sociology, they seem to be non-existent. Therefore, the first aim of this paper is to show that., although the term can hardly be found, prominent theoretical ideas use more or less explicitly mechanistic explanations. Focusing on the determinants of separation can show that all arguments connect (structural) input with (social) outcome and search for theoretical explanations in the sense of social mechanisms. We will demonstrate how macro-structural traits are mechanistically connected with individual variables and how they lead to a stable or fragile partnership. As often mentioned, “mechanism-based storytelling” (Hedström/Ylikoski 2010, 64) should be accompanied by empirical research. Therefore, in a simple statistical model in the second part, we will show the results of our testing of some examples of well-known variables for the explanation of separations. It will show how correlations can be mechanistically explained and not simply statistically described.
Novel cellulose pretreatment solvent: phosphonium-based amino acid ionic liquid/cosolvent for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Tao Juan , Kishimoto Takao , Hamada Masahiro , Nakajima Noriyuki 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The potential of halogen-free and imidazolium-free phosphonium-based amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) has been investigated as new solvents for cellulose pretreatment for the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. AAILs alone did not dissolve cellulose (Avicel), even at 120°C. However, when polar solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were added as cosolvents, AAILs became an acceptable solvent for cellulose at 30°C. The solubility of cellulose in tetrabutylphosphonium glycine ([TBP][Gly])/cosolvent reached 15%. The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was dramatically enhanced by pretreatment with AAIL/cosolvent, and the glucose yield reached 100% when the novel AAIL tetrabutylphosphonium N,N-dimethylglycine ([TBP][DMGly]) was used in combination with DMSO as cosolvent. The enzymatic conversion of cellulose to glucose in 6% and 13% [TBP][DMGly]/DMSO buffer solutions reached 98% and 79%, respectively. The decrease in cellulase activity owing to residual [TBP][DMGly]/DMSO was not significant. Hence, it is possible to conduct the dissolution and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in a one-batch process in a phosphonium-based AAIL/cosolvent system.
A systematic review on critical thinking in medical education
Authors: Chan Zenobia C.Y. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background:
Critical thinking is the ability to raise discriminating questions in an attempt to search for better ideas, a deeper understanding and better solutions relating to a given issue.

Objective:
This systematic review provides a summary of efforts that have been made to enhance and assess critical thinking in medical education.

Design:
Nine databases [Ovid MEDLINE(R), AMED, Academic Search Premier, ERIC, CINAHL, Web of Science, JSTOR, SCOPUS and PsycINFO] were searched to identify journal articles published from the start of each database to October 2012.

Results:
A total of 41 articles published from 1981 to 2012 were categorised into two main themes: (i) evaluation of current education on critical thinking and (ii) development of new strategies about critical thinking. Under each theme, the teaching strategies, assessment tools, uses of multimedia and stakeholders were analysed.

Discussion:
While a majority of studies developed teaching strategies and multimedia tools, a further examination of their quality and variety could yield some insights. The articles on assessment placed a greater focus on learning outcomes than on learning processes. It is expected that more research will be conducted on teacher development and students’ voices.
Japanese university students’ views on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals based on previous encounters
Authors: Ikuta Nasa , Koike Yuji , Aoyagi Naoko , Matsuzaka Akira , Ishihara Kenji , Hirohara Toshie , Saito Fukumi , Takizawa Toshiyuki 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Objective:
To elucidate the acceptability of sexual minorities according to Japanese youth, we conducted a survey targeting university students.

Methods:
Participants were second- to fourth-year students (n=945) at Ibaraki University, Japan, who were randomly chosen for the survey to measure their attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals. We divided the respondents into two groups: one group who had encounters with LGBT people, and one group with no such experience. Chi-square tests were used to compare responses between the groups.

Results:
More than 60% of the students considered LGBT people to be acceptable; the group with prior encounters had greater levels of acceptance compared to the group without such encounters.

Conclusion:
This is the first study to clarify the acceptability of sexual minorities among university students in Japan. Our data suggested that having contact with LGBT people in school life may help build an inclusive educational system.