bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special Issue on Selected Papers from TIEMS Annual Conference in Niigata
Authors: Tamura Keiko , Hayashi Haruo 
Published: April 2016

TIEMS – The International Emergency Society founded in 1993 – is a global forum for education, training, certification and policy in emergency and disaster management. TIEMS is dedicated to developing a safer world by bringing the benefits of modern emergency management tools, techniques and good industry practice. The Japan Chapter of TIEMS was established in 2011 when Japan members agreed on the great worth of the Society’s mission.
The Japan Chapter organized the Oct. 20-23, 2014, TIEMS Annual Conference in Niigata. Niigata was chosen because the year 2014 had a special meaning in the history of disasters in Japan. That is, the memorials of four major disasters had memorial anniversaries in that year – the 50th anniversary of the 1964 Niigata Earthquake, the 40th anniversary of the 1974 Niigata Yakeyama Volcano eruption, and the 10th anniversaries of the 2004 Niigata-Fukushima flood and Niigata-Chuetsu earthquake. The event brought over 1,000 domestic and international participants together to discuss risk management and resilience against disasters. The event also provided many opportunities for participants to share their scientific knowledge learn about the lessons from past experience of practitioners in the disaster management field and view the industry exhibition emerging to a wide variety of experience in disaster response.
With so many experts and practitioners willing to make presentations at the Conference, the JDR has brought together selected 17 papers and other output from them. My colleagues and I am honored to make these TIEMS 2014 achievements known to the broadest possible audience, and we are assured that this will create many fruitful outcomes for our reading audience.
Celebration of the 20th Anniversary Issue Publication
Authors: Arai Tatsuo 
Published: April 2016

As current Editor-in-Chief, I would like to call your attention to the publication of the 20th Anniversary Issue of the Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics. I would also like to extend my appreciation to previous Editors-in-Chief, current and past editors, President Keiji Hayashi and staffs of Fuji Technology Press Ltd. for their excellent contributions in publishing the 19 earlier volumes. I would like to thank all of the organizations concerned, especially the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME), for their generous supports.
The Journal has established an academic status and splendid reputation in robotics and automation research. As Editor-in-Chief, I am proud of participating in the publication of this eminent journal. Every year, it showcases around 100 outstanding technical papers, featuring five special issues on the most up-to-date topics and selected papers from the Robomec annual conference. The JRM will next target higher quality, a greater audience, more international exposure, and a higher reputation. Faster, more careful reviews and editorial processes are priorities. The next issue will collect papers from worldwide, especially from East Asian countries, where research activities have grown enormously.
I will continue to do my best to achieve these goals in collaboration with the current editors and staffs. We ask the ongoing support of you, our readers, society members, and all those who have done so much to make this effort successful.
In order to celebrate this memorial occation the editorial board asked the three past editor-in-chiefs to give their commemorative words as in the previous. I would be grateful for their outstanding jobs and contributions.
A Conversion of a Cooperative Transportation System with Two Car-Like Mobile Robots into Two-Chain, Single-Generator Chained Form and its Steering
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroaki ,   Department of Integrated Information Technology,  College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 229-8558, Japan, Arai Tamio ,   Department of Precision Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a novel methodology for steering a cooperative transportation system comprising two car-like mobile robots coupled together via a carrier. The system is a three-input seven-variable drift-free nonholonomic mechanical system. The three control inputs are the moving velocity of the first mobile robot and the steering angular velocities of the two mobile robots. The seven variables are the positions of the first mobile robot along the x- and y-axes, its steering angle, its orientation, the orientation of the carrier, the steering angle of the second mobile robot, and its orientation. We first convert the system into two-chain, single-generator chained form, based on differential geometry. We secondly present a control method of the system with polynomial inputs derived in chained form. Validity of the conversion and the control method is verified by computer simulations performed on driving this cooperative transportation system into a garage.
This paper is the full translation from the transactions of JSME Vol.69, No.686.
Cumulative Effect of Racial Discrimination on the Mental Health of Ethnic Minorities in the United Kingdom
Authors: Wallace Stephanie , Nazroo James , Bécares Laia 
Published: April 2016

Objectives. To examine the longitudinal association between cumulative exposure to racial discrimination and changes in the mental health of ethnic minority people. Methods. We used data from 4 waves (2009–2013) of the UK Household Longitudinal Study, a longitudinal household panel survey of approximately 40 000 households, including an ethnic minority boost sample of approximately 4000 households. Results. Ethnic minority people who reported exposure to racial discrimination at 1 time point had 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) mental component scores 1.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −3.31, −0.56) points lower than did those who reported no exposure to racial discrimination, whereas those who had been exposed to 2 or more domains of racial discrimination, at 2 different time points, had SF-12 mental component scores 8.26 (95% CI = −13.33, −3.18) points lower than did those who reported no experiences of racial discrimination. Controlling for racial discrimination and other socioeconomic factors reduced ethnic inequalities in mental health. Conclusions. Cumulative exposure to racial discrimination has incremental negative long-term effects on the mental health of ethnic minority people in the United Kingdom. Studies that examine exposure to racial discrimination at 1 point in time may underestimate the contribution of racism to poor health.
Birth Cohorts Analysis of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking and Subsequent Marijuana and Cocaine Use
Authors: Keyes Katherine M. , Hamilton Ava , Kandel Denise B. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives. To examine whether the drug behavior of adults from different birth cohorts is shaped by adolescent drug experiences and whether adult prevalence of marijuana and cocaine use depends on adolescent cigarette or alcohol use prevalence. Methods. We analyzed 18 birth cohorts comprising 8th, 10th, and 12th graders, sampled from 1991 to 2008, from Monitoring the Future, an annual nationally representative cross-sectional survey of high school students in the United States (n = 864 443). Results. Within cohorts, lifetime rates of 8th and 10th grade cigarette use were significantly associated with subsequent lifetime rates of marijuana and cocaine use, controlling for trends in use and social norms toward drug use. Each percent increase (or decrease) in 8th and 10th grade smoking was associated with an 8% increase (or decrease) in prevalence of later marijuana use and 14% to 23% increase (or decrease) in prevalence of later cocaine use. Relationships were consistent by gender and race/ethnicity. Conclusions. Prevalences of smoking in 8th and 10th grade and of marijuana and cocaine use in 12th grade are associated. Public health campaigns should focus on early stages of adolescence, when drug use habits are forming.
Medical Debt and Related Financial Consequences Among Older African American and White Adults
Authors: Wiltshire Jacqueline C. , Elder Keith , Kiefe Catarina , Allison Jeroan J. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives. To evaluate African American–White differences in medical debt among older adults and the extent to which economic and health factors explained these. Methods. We used nationally representative data from the 2007 and 2010 US Health Tracking Household Survey (n = 5838) and computed population-based estimates of medical debt attributable to economic and health factors with adjustment for age, gender, marital status, and education. Results. African Americans had 2.6 times higher odds of medical debt (odds ratio = 2.62; 95% confidence interval = 1.85, 3.72) than did Whites. Health status explained 22.8% of the observed disparity, and income and insurance explained 19.4%. These factors combined explained 42.4% of the observed disparity. In addition, African Americans were more likely to be contacted by a collection agency and to borrow money because of medical debt, whereas Whites were more likely to use savings. Conclusions. African Americans incur substantial medical debt compared with Whites, and more than 40% of this is mediated by health status, income, and insurance disparities. Public health implications. In Medicare, low-income beneficiaries, especially low-income African Americans with poor health status, should be protected from the unintended financial consequences of cost-reduction strategies.
Impact of Nutrition Standards on Competitive Food Quality in Massachusetts Middle and High Schools
Authors: Gorski Mary T. , Cohen Juliana F. W. , Hoffman Jessica A. , Rosenfeld Lindsay , Chaffee Ruth , Smith Lauren , Rimm Eric B. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives. To examine changes in competitive foods (items sold in à la carte lines, vending machines, and school stores that “compete” with school meals) in Massachusetts middle and high schools before and after implementation of a statewide nutrition law in 2012. Methods. We photographed n = 10 782 competitive foods and beverages in 36 Massachusetts school districts and 7 control state districts to determine availability and compliance with the law at baseline (2012), 1 year (2013), and 2 years (2014) after the policy (overall enrollment: 71 202 students). We examined availability and compliance trends over time. Results. By 2014, 60% of competitive foods and 79% of competitive beverages were compliant. Multilevel models showed an absolute 46.2% increase for foods (95% confidence interval = 36.2, 56.3) and 46.8% increase for beverages (95% confidence interval = 39.2, 54.4) in schools’ alignment with updated standards from 2012 to 2014. Conclusions. The law’s implementation resulted in major improvements in the availability and nutritional quality of competitive foods and beverages, but schools did not reach 100% compliance. This law closely mirrors US Department of Agriculture Smart Snacks in School standards, suggesting that complying with strict nutrition standards is feasible, and schools may experience challenges and improvements over time.
Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly
Authors: Chen Liwei , Zhang Zhenzhen , Chen Wen , Whelton Paul K. , Appel Lawrence J. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives. To determine the effect of sodium (Na) reduction on occurrence of headaches. Methods. In the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly, 975 men and woman (aged 60–80 years) with hypertension were randomized to a Na-reduction intervention or control group and were followed for up to 36 months. The study was conducted between 1992 and 1995 at 4 clinical centers (Johns Hopkins University, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and the University of Tennessee). Results. Mean difference in Na excretion between the Na-reduction intervention and control group was significant at each follow-up visit (P < .001) with an average difference of 38.8 millimoles per 24 hours. The occurrence of headaches was significantly lower in the Na-reduction intervention group (10.5%) compared with control (14.3%) with a hazard ratio of 0.59 (95% confidence interval = 0.40, 0.88; P = .009). The risk of headaches was significantly associated with average level of Na excretion during follow-up, independent of most recent blood pressure. The relationship appeared to be nonlinear with a spline relationship and a knot at 150 millimoles per 24 hours. Conclusions. Reduced sodium intake, currently recommended for blood pressure control, may also reduce the occurrence of headaches in older persons with hypertension.
Avulsion Fracture of the Medial Head of the Gastrocnemius Muscle Associated with Posterior Dislocation of the Knee
Authors: Mio Kensuke , Matsuzaki Kenichiro , Rikitake Hajime , Nakaya Tsukuru , Nemoto Koichi , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2016

Case:
We present an extremely rare case of an avulsion fracture of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle associated with posterior dislocation of the knee. The patient was a fifty-one-year-old man who was hit by a car while riding a motorcycle. The avulsed fragment was reduced and fixed with a screw, which resulted in maintenance of joint reduction despite residual instability due to the multiligamentous injuries.

Conclusion:
Reduction and fixation of the bone fragment attached to the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle is important to restore tension of the gastrocnemius muscle, which serves as an important posterior joint stabilizer.
An Investigation Into the Occurrence of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments Offshore the East Coast of Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Seales Maxian B. , Silva Jill Marcelle-De , Ertekin Turgay , Wang John Yilin 
Published: April 2016

Summary
It is anticipated that increasing pressure for cleaner burning fuels and lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions will cause a shift in global energy demand from oil to natural gas. In the near future, natural gas is expected to replace crude oil as the fuel of choice for energy production and transportation. In Trinidad and Tobago, natural-gas production has already surpassed crude-oil production. Natural gas accounts for 80% of the country's energy export, but the reserves-to-production ratio is only 7 years (year 2022). Consequently, the Ministry of Energy has taken steps to supplement the natural-gas resource base by supporting initiatives that can potentially bolster the nation's proven gas reserves. Such initiatives include invitations to tender on deepwater blocks offshore Trinidad and Tobago's gas-rich east coast.
Even though initiatives are under way to boost conventional natural-gas reserves, effort was not placed on identifying and/or characterizing unconventional gas resources such as natural-gas hydrates. Furthermore, the potential hazards of submarine gas hydrates on deepwater exploration and production (E&P) activities on Trinidad and Tobago's east coast were not assessed. The results presented in this manuscript provide oil-and-gas operators with a means of proactively managing the risk associated with natural-gas hydrates. More importantly, this study acts as a necessary precursor to future studies in characterizing and, later, harnessing the energy potential of Trinidad-and-Tobago's natural-gas-hydrate deposits.
Enumeration of sulphate-reducing bacteria for assessing potential for hydrogen sulphide production in urban drainage systems
Authors: Karunakaran Esther , Vernon Dejan , Biggs Catherine A. , Saul Adrian , Crawford David , Jensen Henriette 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Urban drainage structures have increasing demands which can lead to increasing hydrogen sulphide related problems forming in places where they have not previously been prevalent. This puts pressure on the methods currently used to monitor and diagnose these problems and more sophisticated methods may be needed for identifying the origin of the problems. Molecular microbiological techniques, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction, offer a potential alternative for identifying and quantifying bacteria likely to be causing the production of hydrogen sulphide, information that, when combined with an appropriate sampling programme, can then be used to identify the potentially most effective remediation technique. The application of these methods in urban drainage systems is, however, not always simple, but good results can be achieved. In this study bacteria producing hydrogen sulphide were quantified in three small combined sewer overflow storage tanks. Bacterial counts were compared between wastewater, biofilms and sediments. Similar numbers were found in the wastewater and biofilms, with the numbers in the sediments being lower. If remediation methods for hydrogen sulphide are deemed necessary in the tanks, methods that target both the wastewater and the biofilms should therefore be considered.
Progression of Kidney Disease in Indigenous Australians: The eGFR Follow-up Study
Authors: Maple-Brown Louise J. , Hughes Jaquelyne T. , Ritte Rebecca , Barzi Federica , Hoy Wendy E. , Lawton Paul D. , Jones Graham R.D. , Death Elizabeth , Simmonds Alison , Sinha Ashim K. , Cherian Sajiv , Thomas Mark A.B. , McDermott Robyn , Brown Alex D.H. , O’Dea Kerin , Jerums George , Cass Alan , MacIsaac Richard J. 
Published: April 2016

Background and objectives
Indigenous Australians experience a heavy burden of CKD. To address this burden, the eGFR Follow-Up Study recruited and followed an Indigenous Australian cohort from regions of Australia with the greatest ESRD burden. We sought to better understand factors contributing to the progression of kidney disease. Specific objectives were to assess rates of progression of eGFR in Indigenous Australians with and without CKD and identify factors associated with a decline in eGFR.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This observational longitudinal study of Indigenous Australian adults was conducted in >20 sites. The baseline cohort was recruited from community and primary care clinic sites across five strata of health, diabetes status, and kidney function. Participants were then invited to follow up at 2–4 years; if unavailable, vital status, progression to RRT, and serum creatinine were obtained from medical records. Primary outcomes were annual eGFR change and combined renal outcome (first of ≥30% eGFR decline with follow-up eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, progression to RRT, or renal death).

Results
Participants (n=550) were followed for a median of 3.0 years. Baseline and follow-up eGFR (geometric mean [95% confidence interval], 83.9 (80.7 to 87.3) and 70.1 (65.9 to 74.5) ml/min per 1.73 m2, respectively. Overall mean annual eGFR change was −3.1 (−3.6 to −2.5) ml/min per 1.73 m2. Stratified by baseline eGFR (≥90, 60–89, <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2), annual eGFR changes were −3.0 (−3.6 to −2.4), −1.9 (−3.3 to −0.5), and −5.0 (−6.5 to −3.6) ml/min per 1.73 m2. Across baseline eGFR categories, annual eGFR decline was greatest among adults with baseline albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) >265 mg/g (30 mg/mmol). Baseline determinants of the combined renal outcome (experienced by 66 participants) were higher urine ACR, diabetes, lower measured GFR, and higher C-reactive protein.

Conclusions
The observed eGFR decline was three times higher than described in nonindigenous populations. ACR was confirmed as a powerful predictor for eGFR decline across diverse geographic regions.
Does Size Matter? The Implications of Firm Size on Enterprise Systems Success
Authors: Sedera Darshana 
Published: April 2016

<p class="JnlBody">With the increasing emphasis on globalization and consumer demands in highly competitive markets, organizations have attempted to integrate and standardize across their corporate subsidiaries by implementing Enterprise Systems (ES). In such corporate-wide ES implementations, system requirements are dictated by headquarters, favouring large subsidiaries, and thus potentially compromising the unique business requirements of smaller units. This research reports findings from an ES initiative within a group of large, medium, and small organizations, where the impact of organization size is assessed in relation to the level of system success and knowledge-management competence. The results of this analysis suggest that (i) large organizations, in contrast to their smaller counterparts, receive greater benefits in terms of both Individual and Organizational Impacts, (ii) while no such differences were observed in relation to System and Information Quality. Similarly, (iii) no differences were observed in relation to knowledge-creation competencies amongst large, medium, and small organizations. However, (iv) differences were observed between the large and smaller firms on their Knowledge-Retention and Knowledge-Transfer competencies. </p>
FORWARD MODELING OF STANDING KINK MODES IN CORONAL LOOPS. I. SYNTHETIC VIEWS
Authors: Yuan Ding , Doorsselaere Tom Van 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Kink magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves are frequently observed in various magnetic structures of the solar atmosphere. They may contribute significantly to coronal heating and could be used as a tool to diagnose the solar plasma. In this study, we synthesize the Fe ix λ171.073 Å emission of a coronal loop supporting a standing kink MHD mode. The kink MHD wave solution of a plasma cylinder is mapped into a semi-torus structure to simulate a curved coronal loop. We decompose the solution into a quasi-rigid kink motion and a quadrupole term, which dominate the plasma inside and outside of the flux tube, respectively. At the loop edges, the line of sight integrates relatively more ambient plasma, and the background emission becomes significant. The plasma motion associated with the quadrupole term causes spectral line broadening and emission suppression. The periodic intensity suppression will modulate the integrated intensity and the effective loop width, which both exhibit oscillatory variations at half of the kink period. The quadrupole term can be directly observed as a pendular motion at the front view.
THE FIRST DETECTION OF GeV EMISSION FROM AN ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXY: Arp 220 AS SEEN WITH THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE
Authors: Peng Fang-Kun , Wang Xiang-Yu , Liu Ruo-Yu , Tang Qing-Wen , Wang Jun-Feng 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Cosmic rays (CRs) in starburst galaxies produce high-energy gamma-rays by colliding with the dense interstellar medium. Arp 220 is the nearest ultraluminous infrared galaxy that has star formation at extreme levels, so it has long been predicted to emit high-energy gamma-rays. However, no evidence of gamma-ray emission was found despite intense search efforts. Here we report the discovery of high-energy gamma-ray emission above 200 MeV from Arp 220 at a confidence level of ∼6.3σ using 7.5 years of Fermi Large Area Telescope observations. The gamma-ray emission shows no significant variability over the observation period and it is consistent with the quasi-linear scaling relation between the gamma-ray luminosity and total infrared luminosity for star-forming galaxies, suggesting that these gamma-rays arise from CR interactions. As the high-density medium of Arp 220 makes it an ideal CR calorimeter, the gamma-ray luminosity can be used to measure the efficiency of powering CRs by supernova (SN) remnants given a known supernova rate in Arp 220. We find that this efficiency is about 4.2 ± 2.6% for CRs above 1 GeV.