bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineralogical variation of the late stage mare basalts
Authors: Zhang Xunyu , Wu Yunzhao , Ouyang Ziyuan , Bugiolacchi Roberto , Chen Yuan , Zhang Xiaomeng , Cai Wei , Xu Aoao , Tang Zesheng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe last major phases of lunar volcanism occurred mainly in Oceanus Procellarum and Mare Imbrium and produced spectrally unique medium‐ and high‐titanium basalts. The composition and distribution of these basalts provide a record of the late stage thermal evolution of the Moon. To study the spectral and mineralogical variations of the late stage mare basalts, 31 distinct units were mapped employing a range of remote sensing data. Their inferred mineralogical characteristics were studied by analyzing the spectral features of small, fresh craters derived from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) data. The strongest olivine spectral signatures were found around Lichtenberg crater, while the units with the lowest olivine/pyroxene ratio occurred mainly in the southern Kepler crater and some local areas. In Oceanus Procellarum, the olivine/pyroxene ratio decreases progressively from the Lichtenberg crater to the southern units. The northern and southern units within Mare Imbrium have higher olivine/pyroxene ratios than the central ones. The inferred abundance of olivine appears to vary stratigraphically, with the younger flows being more olivine rich. However, the stratigraphically younger units around Euler crater in Mare Imbrium, which present as dark red hues in the integrated band depth image of M3, were found to have lower olivine/pyroxene ratios than the units around Lichtenberg crater (shown as light red hues) in Oceanus Procellarum. It could be interpreted that the late stage mare basalts around Lichtenberg crater originated from a more olivine‐rich source than those around Euler crater.
Interannual perturbations of the Martian surface heat flow by atmospheric dust opacity variations
Authors: Plesa A.‐C. , Grott M. , Lemmon M. T. , Müller N. , Piqueux S. , Siegler M. A. , Smrekar S. E. , Spohn T. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission will perform the first Martian in situ heat flow measurement by deploying the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) onto the Martian surface. In order to estimate the heat flow coming from the planetary interior, HP3 will measure the local subsurface thermal gradient as well as the local thermal conductivity to a depth of up to 5 m. From these measurements, local heat flow can be determined, but this will in general differ from the heat flow emanating from the planetary interior due to atmosphere‐induced perturbations. Here we quantify heat flow perturbation induced by dust loading of the Martian atmosphere using dust opacity data obtained by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. Dust opacity data span the time period between Mars year (MY) 27 and MY 32, thus incorporating the global dust storm event of MY 28 as a signal. We consider two end‐member cases for the regolith thermal conductivity and find that the background planetary heat flow is superposed by atmosphere‐induced perturbations of less than 1.5 mW m−2 at depths below 2 m if regolith thermal conductivity is low and around 0.025 W m−1 K−1 on average. If thermal conductivity is high and around 0.05 W m−1 K−1 on average, perturbations are less than 2.5 mW m−2 at depths below 3 m. Overall, the influence of interannual variability on subsurface heat flow is found to be moderate following a global dust storm. Considerably smaller perturbations are introduced by regional dust storms, which are of shorter duration and smaller magnitude.
Assortative mating for human height: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Stulp Gert , Simons Mirre J.P. , Grasman Sara , Pollet Thomas V. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe study of assortative mating for height has a rich history in human biology. Although the positive correlation between the stature of spouses has often been noted in western populations, recent papers suggest that mating patterns for stature are not universal. The objective of this paper was to review the published evidence to examine the strength of and universality in assortative mating for height.MethodsWe conducted an extensive literature review and meta‐analysis. We started with published reviews but also searched through secondary databases. Our search led to 154 correlations of height between partners. We classified the populations as western and non‐western based on geography. These correlations were then analyzed via meta‐analytic techniques.Results148 of the correlations for partner heights were positive and the overall analysis indicates moderate positive assortative mating (r = .23). Although assortative mating was slightly stronger in countries that can be described as western compared to non‐western, this difference was not statistically significant. We found no evidence for a change in assortative mating for height over time. There was substantial residual heterogeneity in effect sizes and this heterogeneity was most pronounced in western countries.ConclusionsPositive assortative mating for height exists in human populations, but is modest in magnitude suggesting that height is not a major factor in mate choice. Future research is necessary to understand the underlying causes of the large amount of heterogeneity observed in the degree of assortative mating across human populations, which may stem from a combination of methodological and ecological differences.
Intergenerational changes in chest size and proportions in children and adolescents aged 3–18 from Kraków (Poland), within the last 70 years
Authors: Kryst Łukasz , Woronkowicz Agnieszka , Kowal Małgorzata , Sobiecki Jan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe size and proportions of the human body change continuously in response to social change and economic development. As reported by papers on intergenerational changes in chest size, this part of the human body is also influenced by environmental factors. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the dimensions and proportions of the chest of children and adolescents over a span of 70 years.MethodsIn 2010 an anthropological study was conducted on 3878 children and adolescents aged 3–18 years living in Kraków (Poland). Data on chest dimensions (breadth, depth, circumference, chest index) were compared to data from 1938 (3719 children) and 1983 (6464 children).ResultsIn boys, chests became increasingly deep; in boys 18 years of age, the chest index increased by 4.8 units, unlike girls, whose chests markedly flattened. The chest index in girls 18 years of age decreased by 4.2 units. In almost all age categories these differences were statistically significant. Also, in all age categories, children studied in 2010 had a significantly bigger chest circumference than boys and girls surveyed in 1983, respectively, by averages of 3.6 cm and 3 cm.ConclusionsThe main reason for these changes may be the socio‐economic transformation, which has been especially strong in recent decades. These results may have practical importance in many areas of knowledge, including medicine, nutritional science, and sports. They can also be important for informing preventive measures that should be taken in order to increase the physical activity of children and youth, especially boys.
Grip strength and body composition in Turkana pastoralist children and adolescents
Authors: Little Michael A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesIn an earlier study, age changes and sex differences in grip strength were documented for adult Turkana pastoralists of Kenya (Little and Johnson, 1986). The objective here is to characterize age changes and sex differences in grip strength of Turkana children and adolescents in the context of arm lean tissue composition, and in comparison with other African, African‐American, and non‐Western populations.MethodsAnthropometric measurements, derived body composition values, and grip strength measures (maximum voluntary contraction) were taken on a sample of 232 nomadic Turkana pastoralist children (94 boys and 138 girls) aged 3 to 21 years. Relationships were tested between grip strength (in Newtons) and mid‐upper arm (brachium) lean tissue cross‐sectional areas. Comparisons were made among several different ethnic groups.ResultsTurkana children and adolescents had low arm muscle (derived lean tissue) and grip strength values when compared with U.S. NHANES percentile references. Girls' percentile rankings were greater than boys' percentile rankings for muscle and for grip strength. Both boys and girls were intermediate when compared with other non‐Western populations and U.S. strength grip reference values. Correlations between grip strength and arm lean tissue areas were highly significant for both boys and girls.ConclusionsThe greater relative muscle size and grip strength values of late adolescent girls compared to boys is consistent with an earlier study of adults. The difference is likely to result from greater physical subsistence activity and greater access to food in girls than in boys. Several suggestions are given to explain why Turkana youths have relatively small muscle sizes.
Tribological and thermal properties of hexagonal boron nitride filled high‐performance polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Joshi Manoj D. , Goyal A. , Patil S. M. , Goyal R. K. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTHigh‐performance polymer nanocomposites based on poly(aryletherketone) (PAEK) as matrix and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanopowder as reinforcement were fabricated using planetary ball mill followed by hot pressing. The addition of h‐BN (0–5 wt %) to the matrix enhanced the microhardness and thermal stability compared to pure matrix. For a constant sliding speed, the wear rate of the nanocomposites determined by using Pin‐on‐Disk tribometer was reduced approximately 22 times compared to pure matrix. The coefficient of friction of the nanocomposites is slightly increased but it is stable compared to that of pure matrix. It was also investigated that the thermal stability of the debris of the nanocomposites was decreased compared to the pure matrix and its nanocomposites. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44409.
Microstructural, mechanical, and thermal‐insulation properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)/silica aerogel bimodal cellular foams
Authors: Luo Guoqiang , Gu Xiaoli , Zhang Jian , Zhang Ruizhi , Shen Qiang , Li Meijuan , Zhang Lianmeng 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTNovel poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/silica aerogel bimodal cellular foams were prepared by melt mixing and a supercritical carbon dioxide foaming process. The effects of the silica aerogel content on the morphologies and thermal‐insulating and mechanical properties of the foams were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, mechanical tests, and heat‐transfer analysis. The experimental results show that compared to the pure PMMA foam, the PMMA/silica aerogel microcellular foams exhibited more uniform cell structures, decreased cell sizes, and increased cell densities (the densities of the foams were 0.38–0.45 g/cm3). In particular, a considerable number of original nanometric cells (ca. 50 nm) were evenly embedded in the cell walls and on the inner surfaces of the micrometric cells (<10 μm). A 62.7% decrease in the thermal conductivity (0.072 W m−1 K−1) in comparison to that of raw PMMA after 0.5 wt % silica aerogel was added was obtained. Mechanical analysis of the PMMA/silica aerogel foams with 5 and 2 wt % silica aerogel showed that the compressive and flexural strengths were distinctly improved by 92 and 52%, respectively, and the dynamic storage moduli increased. The enhanced performance showed that with the addition of silica aerogel into PMMA, one can obtain thermal‐insulation materials with a favorable mechanical strength. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44434.
Utilization of Electropolymerized Films of Cobalt Porphyrin for the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Media
Authors: Pander James E. , Fogg Alex , Bocarsly Andrew B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA facile electropolymerization process was utilized to prepare electrodes modified with thin films of cobalt protoporphyrin IX. These thin films exhibited a high Faradaic efficiency (84±2 %) for the reduction of CO2 to CO in aqueous solutions near neutral pH with 450 mV of overpotential and a turnover frequency at zero overpotential (log(TOF0)) of −5.9. The production of CO was stable over several hours at these modest potentials. The use of a 13CO2 reactant led exclusively to 13CO as the product. Polymeric films of the unmetalated porphyrin did not demonstrate catalysis for CO2 reduction. UV/Vis spectroelectrochemical experiments indicate that the parent CoII complex is reduced to CoI at the electrode surface before interaction with CO2. It is proposed that the rate‐determining step in the reduction of CO2 is the initial reduction of the CoII moiety to CoI, which binds CO2 and then undergoes a proton‐coupled electron transfer and a loss of water to form CO. Additionally, a new metric for the evaluation of electrocatalysts, the catalytic efficiency, is proposed. The catalytic efficiency is the ratio of the power stored to power consumed for a given electrochemical reaction and can be used to describe both the kinetics and overpotential considerations of a given system.
H2 separation using pressed clinoptilolite and mixed copper‐clinoptilolite disc membranes
Authors: Farjoo Afrooz , Avila Adolfo M. , Kuznicki Steven M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDisc membranes machined from high‐purity natural clinoptilolite rocks demonstrated promising hydrogen separation efficiency. However, these membranes cannot be adequately scaled up. To overcome this and provide process flexibility, mixed matrix membranes are required, pairing small particles of natural zeolite with a binder system. A novel approach was determined to use metals as binders and was tested by comparing natural clinoptilolite compact disc membranes with and without powdered copper metal. The phase composition and morphology of the discs were characterized and gas separation performance was evaluated using single gas permeation tests. Membrane selectivity for hydrogen separation was improved by applying metallic copper and copper oxide, filling a portion of the inter‐particle spaces and creating adhesion with the zeolite particles.
A cooperative offloading game on data recovery for reliable broadcast in VANET
Authors: Xiao Guangbing , Zhang Haibo , Hassan Houcine , Chen Yawen , Huang Zhiyi , Sun Ning 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe rapidly growing demand for accident‐free driving in intelligent transportation makes reliable broadcast a critical factor for vehicular ad hoc networks. Existing solutions always try to improve the broadcast reliability by retransmitting lost packets. However, the excessive retransmissions can easily cause unpredictable time delay and even broadcast storms, rendering the reliable broadcast problem unsolved. In this paper, a novel reliable broadcast scheme is proposed by exploring the advantages of lost data piggybacking. Our scheme allows all the vehicles to piggyback some received packets cooperatively to help other vehicles to recover the lost packets. We formulate the cooperative piggybacking problem as a cooperative offloading game and present a decentralized solution to compute the optimal data piggybacking solutions based on only partial network information. A reward‐penalty scheme is designed for the offloading process to impel all the vehicles' decisions that converge to the Nash equilibrium, which is proved to be the global optimal solution to the decentralized offloading scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed cooperative offloading scheme can achieve much higher broadcast reliability and lower propagation delay, in comparison with existing solutions. In a small vehicle network, all lost cooperative awareness messages can be successfully recovered within 25 ms after the initial broadcast by using the data traces generated by GEMV2. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel algorithms constructing the cell graph
Authors: Kaczmarski Krzysztof , Rzążewski Paweł , Wolant Albert 
Published: September 2016

SummaryMotion planning is an important and well‐studied field of robotics. A typical approach to finding a route is to construct a cell graph representing a scene and then to find a path in such a graph. In this paper, we present and analyze several parallel algorithms for constructing the cell graph on a single instruction, multiple data‐like graphics processing unit (GPU) processor. GPU utilization is necessary because of insufficient processing power of CPUs reported by other authors. A GPU processor with its parallel processing capabilities promises some improvement if only proper implementations of the algorithms can be found. We show that a naive brute force algorithm, enhanced by a simple heuristics, in an average case, can be faster than comprehensive solutions based on parallel implementation of an asymptotically optimal sequential algorithm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trust security mechanism for maritime wireless sensor networks
Authors: Walid Elgenaidi , Thomas Newe , Eoin O'Connell , Gerard Dooly 
Published: September 2016

SummaryTo obtain a strong security system based on wireless sensor networks (WSNs), cryptographic‐based protocols are desired. Generally, the use of strong security mechanisms demand intensive use of limited resource, particularly memory storage and energy to provide defense services against malicious attacks. Risks detection in WSNs rely upon the behavior of every single sensor node in the system, and in the case of abnormal node behavior, the system protects the travelling packets on the network via a high level of security mechanisms such as a trusted key management algorithm. In this paper, we compare existing schemes and present a new hybrid security scheme suitable for maritime coastal environment–based WSNs. This scheme tackles the issues of memory storage of encryption keys based on a trusted node configuration, called a leader node, which works as a trusted third party for both the node joining and the node revoke processes. This security mechanism is implemented and tested in real time on a Waspmote sensor testbed platform. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel evaluation of nonseparable functions by evolutionary algorithms on GPU
Authors: Cárdenas‐Montes Miguel , Vega‐Rodríguez Miguel A. , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Juan José , Gómez‐Iglesias Antonio 
Published: September 2016

SummarySoft computing takes advantage of the computational capabilities provided by graphics processing units (GPUs), as it is reflected in the numerous works published every year. However, comparisons among these works are challenging because of their peculiarities. When evaluating evolutionary algorithms on GPUs, the data layout is a commonality for all the cases. In the current work the most promising data layout for a parallel evaluation of evolutionary algorithms on GPU is evaluated. The general scope of this work makes it broadly applicable, being useful for accelerating the fitness calculation of large instances of any population‐based evolutionary algorithm. For optimal performance to be achieved in this evaluation, it should be done through a hardware‐software co‐design approach. The co‐design process might imply a risk of overfitting. Because of this, a trade‐off in the co‐design approach is necessary for long‐term sustainability of the performance of such code. As a consequence of this study, a statement about the most promising data layout for evaluating large instances of population‐based evolutionary algorithms on GPU is presented. From the different approaches studied, the strategy with allocation of 1 individual per thread on registers with coalesced access to global memory on both Fermi and Kepler architectures outperforms all the other strategies.
A novel approach for high‐dimensional vector similarity join query
Authors: Ma Youzhong , Jia Shijie , Zhang Yongxin 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYIn this paper, we mainly focus on similarity joins on massive high‐dimensional vectors, it is a costly operation because of curse of dimensionality. The main idea of our proposed solution is to design a novel filtering method that can filter out as many vector pairs as possible at relative low cost. By using the good dimension reduction ability of piecewise aggregate approximation and symbolic aggregate approximation techniques, we proposed three novel approaches to deal with high dimensional‐vector similarity join query: single‐PAA–based vector similarity join query, multi‐PAA–based vector similarity join query and SAX‐based vector similarity join query. We conducted comprehensive experiments to test the performance of the above approaches, we also test the speedup ratio compared with the naive method: block nested loop join. The experimental results show that our approaches have much better performance than that of block nested loop join and also have good scalability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to try to deal with high‐dimensional vector similarity joins using piecewise aggregate approximation and symbolic aggregate approximation techniques, and the approaches proposed in this paper provide a new way to process the massive high‐dimensional vector data set.
Spacial and Temporal Patterns of Gene Expression After Cardiac MEK1 Gene Transfer Improve Post‐Infarction Remodeling Without Inducing Global Hypertrophy
Authors: Fan Yanying , Yang Yi‐Lin , Yeh Che‐Chung , Mann Michael J. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTAlteration of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling in transgenic mice can ameliorate post‐myocardial infarction (MI) remodeling. However, pre‐existing changes in transgenic hearts and clinically unrealistic transgene expression likely affect the response to injury; it is unknown whether clinically relevant induction of transgene expression in an otherwise normal heart can yield similar benefits. Constitutively active MEK1 (aMEK1) or LacZ adeno‐associated virus 9 (AAV9) vectors were injected into the left ventricular (LV) chambers of mice either just before or after coronary ligation. Hearts were evaluated via Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, histology, and echocardiography. AAV9‐mediated aMEK1 delivery altered ERK1/2 expression/activation as in transgenic mice. Transgene expression was not immediately detectable but plateaued at 17 days, and therefore did not likely impact acute ischemia as it would in transgenics. With AAV9‐aMEK1 injection just prior to MI, robust expression in the infarct border zone during post‐MI remodeling increased border zone wall thickness and reduced infarct size versus controls at 4 weeks, but did not induce global hypertrophy. Significant improvements in local and global LV function were observed, as were trends toward a preservation of LV volume. Delivery after ligation significantly lowered transgene expression in the infarct border zone and did not yield structural or functional benefits. The primary benefits observed in transgenic mice, ameliorated remodeling, and reduced chronic infarct size, were achievable via clinically relevant gene transfer of aMEK1, supporting ongoing translational efforts. Important differences, however, were observed, and consideration must be given to the timing and distribution of transgene delivery and expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 775–784, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.