bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Athletic Training Student Active Learning Time With and Without the Use of Bug-in-Ear Technology
Authors: Nottingham Sara L. , Montgomery Melissa M. , Kasamatsu Tricia M. 
Published: February 2018

Context:
Clinical education experiences that actively engage students in patient care are important to the development of competent clinicians. It is important to assess athletic training students' time spent clinically and explore new technology that may facilitate more active learning during clinical education.

Objective:
To assess athletic training students' active learning time with and without the use of bug-in-ear technology.

Design:
Cross-sectional.

Setting:
High school, rehabilitation clinic, and college/university clinical sites affiliated with 3 Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited undergraduate athletic training programs.

Patients or Other Participants:
Thirteen athletic training students (11 females, 2 males; 22.0 ± 1.8 years old, 1.8 ± 0.9 years enrolled in the current athletic training program) and 8 preceptors (5 females, 3 males; 35.4 ± 10.4 years old, 3.5 ± 2.9 years of experience as a preceptor) volunteered for this study.

Intervention(s):
The principal investigator observed preceptor-student interactions on 2 control days and 2 days using bug-in-ear technology. Participants and the principal investigator assessed students' active learning time at each observation period using the Athletic Training Clinical Education Time Framework.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Minutes spent on instructional, clinical, managerial, engaged waiting, and down time as recorded on the Athletic Training Clinical Education Time Framework. Parametric (analysis of variance) and nonparametric (Wilcoxon signed-rank and Kruskal-Wallis) tests compared the perceived amount of time spent in each category between technologies and roles.

Results:
Bug-in-ear technology resulted in less time on managerial tasks (8.2% ± 5.1% versus 14.6% ± 9.8%; P &lt; .01) and instruction (10.7% versus 12.7%, P &lt; .01). The researcher observed significantly more unengaged waiting time than both the students and preceptors (both P &lt; .01) perceived.

Conclusions:
Bug-in-ear technology may decrease managerial time and spoken instruction during clinical experiences. Preceptors and students significantly underestimate the amount of unengaged time spent during clinical education, which is of concern. Athletic training programs may also benefit from assessing and improving students' time spent actively learning during clinical education.
Effective Characteristics of Formal Mentoring Relationships: The National Athletic Trainers' Association Foundation Research Mentor Program
Authors: Nottingham Sara L. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Barrett Jessica L. 
Published: February 2018

Context:Mentoring is a beneficial mechanism to support junior faculty members as they navigate job expectations, institutional nuances, and the professional landscape during the first few years as a faculty member. Whereas effective characteristics of informal mentoring relationships are generally understood, less is known about factors that contribute to formal mentoring relationships.Objective:Gain mentor and mentee perceptions of effective mentoring in a formal setting.Design:Qualitative phenomenology.Setting:Higher education institutions.Patients or Other Participants:Six mentees (4 women and 2 men with 3 ± 4 years in their current faculty position) and 4 mentors (2 women and 2 men with an average of 10 ± 3 years in their current faculty position) participating in the 2015 National Athletic Trainers' Association Foundation mentor-program cohort.Main Outcome Measure(s):Participants completed one telephone interview before starting the mentor program and one interview upon program completion 11 months later. Participants also completed 3 structured online journals at 3-month increments throughout their participation in the program. Two researchers independently analyzed the interview and journal data using a phenomenological approach. To improve trustworthiness, we used peer review and pilot testing of the interview guides, member-checks, and multiple-analyst triangulation.Results:Participants described effective mentoring relationships as those that facilitated collaboration and demonstrated humanistic qualities. Participants who collaborated on scholarly activities during their mentoring experience perceived this to be a highly valuable aspect of the experience that increased the potential for a long-lasting relationship. Whereas the mentoring focused on professional development, humanistic attributes such as approachability and personal connections further enriched participants' mentoring experiences.Conclusions:Participants in formal mentoring experiences describe effective mentoring characteristics similarly to those who have participated in informal mentoring and should be encouraged to exhibit them. Additionally, coordinators of formal mentoring programs should provide participants with resources and guidance to facilitate their experiences.
Nine-year spatial and temporal evolution of desert dust aerosols over South and East Asia as revealed by CALIOP
Authors: Proestakis Emmanouil , Amiridis Vassilis , Marinou Eleni , Georgoulias Aristeidis K. , Solomos Stavros , Kazadzis Stelios , Chimot Julien , Che Huizheng , Alexandri Georgia , Binietoglou Ioannis , Daskalopoulou Vasiliki , Kourtidis Konstantinos A. , de Leeuw Gerrit , van der A Ronald J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. We present a 3-D climatology of the desert dust distribution over
South and East Asia derived using CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and
Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) data. To distinguish
desert dust from total aerosol load we apply a methodology developed
in the framework of EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar
Network). The method involves the use of the particle linear
depolarization ratio and updated lidar ratio values suitable for
Asian dust, applied to multiyear CALIPSO observations
(January 2007–December 2015). The resulting dust product provides information
on the horizontal and vertical distribution of dust aerosols over
South and East Asia along with the seasonal transition of dust
transport pathways. Persistent high D_AOD (dust aerosol optical depth) values at 532 nm, of the order of 0.6, are present
over the arid and semi-arid desert regions. Dust aerosol transport
(range, height and intensity) is subject to high seasonality, with the highest values observed during spring for northern China
(Taklimakan and Gobi deserts) and during summer over the Indian
subcontinent (Thar Desert). Additionally, we decompose the CALIPSO
AOD (aerosol optical depth) into dust and non-dust aerosol
components to reveal the non-dust AOD over the highly industrialized
and densely populated regions of South and East Asia, where the
non-dust aerosols yield AOD values of the order of 0.5. Furthermore,
the CALIPSO-based short-term AOD and D_AOD time series and trends
between January 2007 and December 2015 are calculated over South and East Asia
and over selected subregions. Positive trends are observed over
northwest and east China and the Indian subcontinent, whereas over
southeast China trends are mostly negative. The calculated AOD
trends agree well with the trends derived from Aqua MODIS (Moderate
Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), although significant
differences are observed over specific regions.
Retrieval of an ice water path over the ocean from ISMAR and MARSS millimeter and submillimeter brightness temperatures
Authors: Brath Manfred , Fox Stuart , Eriksson Patrick , Harlow R. Chawn , Burgdorf Martin , Buehler Stefan A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. A neural-network-based retrieval method to determine the snow ice water path (SIWP), liquid water path (LWP), and integrated water vapor (IWV) from millimeter and submillimeter brightness temperatures, measured by using airborne radiometers (ISMAR and MARSS), is presented. The neural networks were trained by using atmospheric profiles from the ICON numerical weather prediction (NWP) model and by radiative transfer simulations using the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS). The basic performance of the retrieval method was analyzed in terms of offset (bias) and the median fractional error (MFE), and the benefit of using submillimeter channels was studied in comparison to pure microwave retrievals. The retrieval is offset-free for SIWP  > 0.01 kg m−2, LWP  > 0.1 kg m−2, and IWV  > 3 kg m−2. The MFE of SIWP decreases from 100 % at SIWP  =  0.01 kg m−2 to 20 % at SIWP  =  1 kg m−2 and the MFE of LWP from 100 % at LWP  = 0.05 kg m−2 to 30 % at LWP  =  1 kg m−2. The MFE of IWV for IWV  > 3 kg m−2 is 5 to 8 %. The SIWP retrieval strongly benefits from submillimeter channels, which reduce the MFE by a factor of 2, compared to pure microwave retrievals. The IWV and the LWP retrievals also benefit from submillimeter channels, albeit to a lesser degree. The retrieval was applied to ISMAR and MARSS brightness temperatures from FAAM flight B897 on 18 March 2015 of a precipitating frontal system west of the coast of Iceland. Considering the given uncertainties, the retrieval is in reasonable agreement with the SIWP, LWP, and IWV values simulated by the ICON NWP model for that flight. A comparison of the retrieved IWV with IWV from 12 dropsonde measurements shows an offset of 0.5 kg m−2 and an RMS difference of 0.8 kg m−2, showing that the retrieval of IWV is highly effective even under cloudy conditions.
seNorge2 daily precipitation, an observational gridded dataset over Norway from 1957 to the present day
Authors: Lussana Cristian , Saloranta Tuomo , Skaugen Thomas , Magnusson Jan , Tveito Ole Einar , Andersen Jess 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The conventional climate gridded datasets based on observations only are widely used in atmospheric sciences; our focus in this paper is on climate and hydrology. On the Norwegian mainland, seNorge2 provides high-resolution fields of daily total precipitation for applications requiring long-term datasets at regional or national level, where the challenge is to simulate small-scale processes often taking place in complex terrain. The dataset constitutes a valuable meteorological input for snow and hydrological simulations; it is updated daily and presented on a high-resolution grid (1 km of grid spacing). The climate archive goes back to 1957. The spatial interpolation scheme builds upon classical methods, such as optimal interpolation and successive-correction schemes. An original approach based on (spatial) scale-separation concepts has been implemented which uses geographical coordinates and elevation as complementary information in the interpolation. seNorge2 daily precipitation fields represent local precipitation features at spatial scales of a few kilometers, depending on the station network density. In the surroundings of a station or in dense station areas, the predictions are quite accurate even for intense precipitation. For most of the grid points, the performances are comparable to or better than a state-of-the-art pan-European dataset (E-OBS), because of the higher effective resolution of seNorge2. However, in very data-sparse areas, such as in the mountainous region of southern Norway, seNorge2 underestimates precipitation because it does not make use of enough geographical information to compensate for the lack of observations. The evaluation of seNorge2 as the meteorological forcing for the seNorge snow model and the DDD (Distance Distribution Dynamics) rainfall–runoff model shows that both models have been able to make profitable use of seNorge2, partly because of the automatic calibration procedure they incorporate for precipitation. The seNorge2 dataset 1957–2015 is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.845733. Daily updates from 2015 onwards are available at http://thredds.met.no/thredds/catalog/metusers/senorge2/seNorge2/provisional_archive/PREC1d/gridded_dataset/catalog.html.
La conectividad en el sector español de carga aérea: 2004-2014
Authors: Pais Montes Carlos , Freire Seoane María Jesús , González Laxe Fernando 
Published: February 2018

El segmento de las aerolíneas de carga, como demandante y usuario de servicios aeroportuarios, ha crecido en las dos últimas décadas hasta convertirse en parte fundamental de la red global de suministro en España. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la evolución de la conectividad de este modo logístico, en el período 2004-2014, utilizando la base de datos del Observatorio para el Transporte y la Logística de España sobre posiciones aeroportuarias de carga de origen y destino. Los resultados indican que, en los mayores aeropuertos españoles (Madrid, Barcelona, Zaragoza y Vitoria), ha existido una recuperación del volumen de carga operado en los niveles pre-crisis, que no ha ido acompañada, no obstante, de una recuperación en términos de centralidad, con la excepción de Zaragoza, que es la infraestructura que muestra, actualmente, mayor resiliencia y mejores perspectivas en este aspecto.
Foot Kinetic and Kinematic Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Hazari Animesh , Maiya Arun G. , Shivashankara K.N. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
A kinetic change in the foot such as altered plantar pressure is the most common etiological risk factor for foot ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus. Kinematic alterations in joint angle and spatiotemporal parameters of gait have also been frequently observed in participants with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Diabetic peripheral neuropathy leads to various microvascular and macrovascular complications of the foot in type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a gap in the literature for biomechanical evaluation and assessment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with DPN in the Indian population. We sought to assess and determine the biomechanical changes, including kinetics and kinematics, of the foot in DPN.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at a diabetic foot clinic in India. Using the purposive sampling method, 120 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and DPN were recruited. Participants with active ulceration or amputation were excluded.

Results:
The mean ± SD age, height, weight, body mass index, and diabetes duration were 57 ± 14 years, 164 ± 11 cm, 61 ± 18 kg, 24 ± 3 kg/m2, and 12 ± 7 years, respectively. There were significant changes in the overall biomechanical profile and clinical manifestations of DPN. The regression analysis showed statistical significance for dynamic maximum plantar pressure at the forefoot with age, weight, height, diabetes duration, body mass index, knee and ankle joint angle at toe-off, pinprick sensation, and ankle reflex (R = 0.71, R2 = 0.55, F12,108 = 521.9 kPa; P = .002).

Conclusions:
People with type 2 diabetes mellitus and DPN have significant changes in their foot kinetic and kinematic parameters. Therefore, they could be at higher risk for foot ulceration, with underlying neuropathy and biomechanically associated problems.
Yrkesstolthet og frafall i kokkeyrket
Authors: Eben Bjørn 
Published: February 2018

Hvorfor vurderer så mange kokker å skifte yrke når det samtidig viser seg at mange også er stolte av yrket sitt (Spetalen, Eben & Jahnlu, 2016; St. Olav Hospital, 2013, Tidemann & Myklebust, 2005)? Denne artikkelen vil rette oppmerksomheten på mulige årsaker til dette, og hvorfor restaurantkokker vurderer å endre arbeidsplass eller yrkesmulighet. Restaurantbransjen er i rask utvikling og befolkningen spiser stadig oftere på restaurant (Bugge & Lavik, 2007). Samtidig synker rekruteringen til kokkeyrket (Sundquist, 2016). Det er derfor viktig å drøfte hvilke faktorer som har betydning for at restaurantkokker forlater yrket etter forholdsvis kort tid.Problemstillingen er; Hvorfor vurderer så mange kokker å skifte yrke når de er så stolte av yrket sitt?I denne artikkelen er det gjennomført en reanalyse av grunnlagsmaterialet som ble presentert i rapporten «Yrkesutøvelse i restaurant og matfagene – Arbeidsoppgaver, prioriteringer og forskjeller» (Spetalen, Eben & Jahnlu, 2016). I tillegg til denne univariate analysen har jeg også sammenliknet gjennomsnitt og testet hypoteser ved hjelp av T-test og ANOVA i SPSS (Johannessen, 2009; Pallant, 2013). Studenter ved bachelorutdanningen i Restaurant og matfag, kull 2013 ved Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus, tok utgangspunkt i dataene fra Spetalen et al. (2016) i sine bacheloroppgaver. I samarbeid med tre studenter er det gjennomført kvalitative intervjuer med til sammen 23 nåværende og tidligere kokker. For å forklare dataene har jeg trukket inn det organisasjonsteoretiske begrepet «turnover» siden dette er et tydelig problem i restaurantbransjen. Faktorer som tiltrekker og frastøter medarbeideren i forhold til yrket, er også med i diskusjonen for å forklare funnene (Lashley, 2000; Brochs-Haukedal, 2010; Kuvås, 2013). Med bakgrunn i funnene fra de kvalitative intervjuene kan man anta at følgende årsaker veier tungt når kokker aktivt søker annen yrkeskarriere:Ledelse – mangel på ledelse og manglende faglig ledelse.Familieliv og de krav en yrkesutøver har til økonomi, forutsigbarhet i forhold til arbeidstid, og overtid. Dette momentet er tosidig også knyttet opp mot ledelsesproblematikk.Ambisjon og ønske om videreutdanning, at det ikke finnes flere tilbud om videreutdanning som bygger direkte på kokkeutdanningenAndre årsaker som det også legges vekt på er arbeidspress, mangel på faglært arbeidskraft og stadig skifte av arbeidsplass i kokkeyrket. Momenter som yrkesstolthet, faglig utvikling og egen motivasjon kan ved bevisste handlinger fra eiere og ledere virke som tiltrekningsfaktorer som må følges opp og utvikles. Bedriften må ifølge Lashley (Lashley, 2000) sette fokus på å kontrollere frastøtingsfaktorer i egen bedrift fordi det er vanskelig å hindre tiltrekningsfaktorer fra andre bedrifter eller yrker. Hensikten med denne artikkelen er først og fremst å tilføre ny kunnskap om hvordan kokker oppfatter sine arbeidsforhold og arbeidsplasser som fører til ønske om å skifte yrke. Dernest er det viktig at yrkesfaglærerutdanningen, som utdanner yrkesfaglærere, kjenner til hvilke utfordringer som finnes i kokkeyrket.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Vakil Nimish 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceIn the US, peptic ulcer disease affects 1% of the population and approximately 54 000 patients are admitted to the hospital annually for bleeding peptic ulcers.ObservationsApproximately 10% of patients presenting with upper abdominal pain in a primary care setting have a peptic ulcer as the cause of their symptoms. The principal causes of peptic ulcer disease are Helicobacter pylori infection, which affects approximately 42% of patients with peptic ulcer disease, and aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, which are etiologic factors in approximately 36% of people with peptic ulcer disease. Complications of peptic ulcer include bleeding (73% of patients), perforation (9% of patients), and pyloric obstruction (3% of patients). Annually, 10 000 people die of peptic ulcer disease in the US. Endoscopy definitively diagnoses peptic ulcer disease. Acid blockers, such as omeprazole, can heal peptic ulcers in approximately 80% to 100% of patients within 4 weeks, but gastric ulcers larger than 2 cm may require 8 weeks of treatment. Eradication of H pylori decreases peptic ulcer recurrence rates from approximately 50% to 60% to 0% to 2%. Discontinuing NSAIDs heals 95% of ulcers identified on endoscopy and reduces recurrence from 40% to 9%. When discontinuing an NSAID is not desirable, changing the NSAID (eg, from ketorolac to ibuprofen), adding a proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole or lansoprazole, and eradicating H pylori with treatment such as bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline combined with omeprazole can reduce recurrence rates.Conclusions and RelevancePeptic ulcer disease is associated with increased hospitalization rates and mortality. Acid blocking with proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole or lansoprazole, is the primary treatment. Recurrence of ulcers can be prevented by eradicating H pylori if present and discontinuing aspirin or NSAIDs if applicable.
Fluorocarbon‐based Solvent‐Bath Annealing for High‐Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Hui , Shan Tong , Ma Qingyi , Chen Yanjie , Chen Lifei , Zhao Xiaoming , Wang Feng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThermal annealing is a critical process in producing high‐quality perovskite films for high‐performance perovskite solar cells. Conventional TA presents challenges such as delayed heat transfer, leading to unwanted crystal growth and hindering processing scalability. Solvent‐bath annealing is an attractive approach that can improve heat transfer and promote perovskite crystallization by immersing the as‐deposited precursor film in a liquid medium. In this study, fluorocarbon‐based solvents are developed as novel solvent baths for uniform heat flow through omnidirectional annealing. In addition, the previously neglected solvent‐to‐solvent interaction between fluorocarbon and solvents for perovskite precursor is investigated by comparing two fluorocarbon solvents. By increasing the solvent‐solvent interaction, higher quality perovskite films with increased crystallinity, improved perovskite transition, and reduced film defects are achieved. As a result, the perovskite solar cells exhibited an increased power conversion efficiency with excellent reproducibility. These findings suggest that the selection of suitable solvent bath is promising for further improving perovskite quality and device performance.
Stepwise Optimization of Thermoelectric Performance in n‐Type SnS
Authors: Hu Yixuan , Bai Shulin , Wen Yi , Liu Dongrui , Hong Tao , Liu Shan , Zhan Shaoping , Gao Tian , Chen Pengpeng , Li Yichen , Wang Lei , Gao Dezheng , Gao Xiang , Tan Qing , Qin Bingchao , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTin sulfide (SnS) has been developed as an earth‐abundant and eco‐friendly compound that exhibits promising thermoelectric (TE) performance. While significant achievements are achieved in p‐type SnS, the development of its n‐type counterpart remains at a nascent stage, making it rather essential for developing n‐type SnS to ensure good compatibility in SnS‐based TE devices. In this study, Br is selected as the aliovalent dopant for realizing n‐type transport in SnS. Subsequently, isoelectronic Se alloying and vacancy compensation are utilized to further promote the TE performance for n‐type SnS. Se alloying can effectively narrow the bandgap of SnS for enhancing carrier concentration and diminishing thermal conductivity by strain and mass field fluctuations, while the excess Sn further compensates intrinsic Sn vacancies, thus optimizing carrier concentration and mobility simultaneously. These results are well verified by microstructure characterization and defect formation energy calculations. Consequently, the maximum ZT value of ≈0.7 and quality factor B of ≈1.02 at 823 K can be obtained after stepwise optimization, which is currently the highest value for n‐type SnS thermoelectrics. This study presents a significant progress for n‐type SnS and lays an important foundation for constructing all‐SnS‐based TE devices.