bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buckling Analysis of Smart Size-Dependent Higher Order Magneto-Electro-Thermo-Elastic Functionally Graded Nanosize Beams
Authors: Ebrahimi F. , Barati M. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe present paper examines the thermal buckling of nonlocal magneto-electro-thermo-elastic functionally graded (METE-FG) beams under various types of thermal loading namely uniform, linear and sinusoidal temperature rise and also heat conduction. The material properties of nanobeam are graded in the thickness direction according to the power-law distribution. Based on a higher order beam theory as well as Hamilton's principle, nonlocal governing equations for METE-FG nanobeam are derived and are solved using Navier type method. The small size effect is captured using Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory. The most beneficial feature of the present beam model is to provide a parabolic variation of the transverse shear strains across the thickness direction and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the beam without using shear correction factors. Various numerical examples are presented investigating the influences of thermo-mechanical loadings, magnetic potential, external electric voltage, power-law index, nonlocal parameter and slenderness ratio on thermal buckling behavior of nanobeams made of METE-FG materials.
FOXE3 contributes to Peters anomaly through transcriptional regulation of an autophagy-associated protein termed DNAJB1
Authors: Khan Shahid Y. , Vasanth Shivakumar , Kabir Firoz , Gottsch John D. , Khan Arif O. , Chaerkady Raghothama , Lee Mei-Chong W. , Leitch Carmen C. , Ma Zhiwei , Laux Julie , Villasmil Rafael , Khan Shaheen N. , Riazuddin Sheikh , Akram Javed , Cole Robert N. , Talbot C. Conover , Pourmand Nader , Zaghloul Norann A. , Hejtmancik J. Fielding , Riazuddin S. Amer 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFOXE3 is a lens-specific transcription factor that has been associated with anterior segment ocular dysgenesis. To determine the transcriptional target(s) of FOXE3 that are indispensable for the anterior segment development, we examined the transcriptome and the proteome of cells expressing truncated FOXE3 responsible for Peters anomaly identified through linkage-coupled next-generation whole-exome sequencing. We found that DNAJB1, an autophagy-associated protein, was the only candidate exhibiting differential expression in both screens. We confirmed the candidacy of DNAJB1 through chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays while knockdown of DNAJB1 in human lens epithelial cells resulted in a mitotic arrest. Subsequently, we targeted dnajb1a in zebrafish through injection of a splice-blocking morpholino. The dnajb1a morphants exhibited underdeveloped cataractous lenses with persistent apoptotic nuclei. In conclusion, here we report DNAJB1 is a transcriptional target of FOXE3 in a novel pathway that is crucial for the development of the anterior segment of the eye.
Dynamic changes in neural circuitry during adolescence are associated with persistent attenuation of fear memories
Authors: Pattwell Siobhan S. , Liston Conor , Jing Deqiang , Ninan Ipe , Yang Rui R. , Witztum Jonathan , Murdock Mitchell H. , Dincheva Iva , Bath Kevin G. , Casey B. J. , Deisseroth Karl , Lee Francis S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFear can be highly adaptive in promoting survival, yet it can also be detrimental when it persists long after a threat has passed. Flexibility of the fear response may be most advantageous during adolescence when animals are prone to explore novel, potentially threatening environments. Two opposing adolescent fear-related behaviours—diminished extinction of cued fear and suppressed expression of contextual fear—may serve this purpose, but the neural basis underlying these changes is unknown. Using microprisms to image prefrontal cortical spine maturation across development, we identify dynamic BLA-hippocampal-mPFC circuit reorganization associated with these behavioural shifts. Exploiting this sensitive period of neural development, we modified existing behavioural interventions in an age-specific manner to attenuate adolescent fear memories persistently into adulthood. These findings identify novel strategies that leverage dynamic neurodevelopmental changes during adolescence with the potential to extinguish pathological fears implicated in anxiety and stress-related disorders.
α-Synuclein induced toxicity in brain stem serotonin neurons mediated by an AAV vector driven by the tryptophan hydroxylase promoter
Authors: Wan Oi Wan , Shin Eunju , Mattsson Bengt , Caudal Dorian , Svenningsson Per , Björklund Anders 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe studied the impact of α-synuclein overexpression in brainstem serotonin neurons using a novel vector construct where the expression of human wildtype α-synuclein is driven by the tryptophan hydroxylase promoter, allowing expression of α-synuclein at elevated levels, and with high selectivity, in serotonergic neurons. α-Synuclein induced degenerative changes in axons and dendrites, displaying a distorted appearance, suggesting accumulation and aggregation of α-synuclein as a result of impaired axonal transport, accompanied by a 40% loss of terminals, as assessed in the hippocampus. Tissue levels of serotonin and its major metabolite 5-HIAA remained largely unaltered, and the performance of the α-synuclein overexpressing rats in tests of spatial learning (water maze), anxiety related behavior (elevated plus maze) and depressive-like behavior (forced swim test) was not different from control, suggesting that the impact of the developing axonal pathology on serotonin neurotransmission was relatively mild. Overexpression of α-synuclein in the raphe nuclei, combined with overexpression in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, resulted in more pronounced axonal pathology and significant impairment in the elevated plus maze. We conclude that α-synuclein pathology in serotonergic or cholinergic neurons alone is not sufficient to impair non-motor behaviors, but that it is their simultaneous involvement that determines severity of such symptoms.
The transition from evolutionary stability to branching: A catastrophic evolutionary shift
Authors: Dercole Fabio , Della Rossa Fabio , Landi Pietro 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEvolutionary branching—resident-mutant coexistence under disruptive selection—is one of the main contributions of Adaptive Dynamics (AD), the mathematical framework introduced by S.A.H. Geritz, J.A.J. Metz and coauthors to model the long-term evolution of coevolving multi-species communities. It has been shown to be the basic mechanism for sympatric and parapatric speciation, despite the essential asexual nature of AD. After 20 years from its introduction, we unfold the transition from evolutionary stability (ESS) to branching, along with gradual change in environmental, control, or exploitation parameters. The transition is a catastrophic evolutionary shift, the branching dynamics driving the system to a nonlocal evolutionary attractor that is viable before the transition, but unreachable from the ESS. Weak evolutionary stability hence qualifies as an early-warning signal for branching and a testable measure of the community’s resilience against biodiversity. We clarify a controversial theoretical question about the smoothness of the mutant invasion fitness at incipient branching. While a supposed nonsmoothness at third order long prevented the analysis of the ESS-branching transition, we argue that smoothness is generally expected and derive a local canonical model in terms of the geometry of the invasion fitness before branching. Any generic AD model undergoing the transition qualitatively behaves like our canonical model.
Exome Sequencing and Gene Prioritization Correct Misdiagnosis in a Chinese Kindred with Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy
Authors: Chen Hui , Zhou Xueya , Wang Jing , Wang Xi , Liu Liyang , Wu Shinan , Li Tengyan , Chen Si , Yang Jingwen , Sham Pak Chung , Zhu Guangming , Zhang Xuegong , Wang Binbin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInherited neuropathies show considerable heterogeneity in clinical manifestations and genetic etiologies and are therefore often difficult to diagnose. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has been widely adopted to make definite diagnosis of unclear conditions, with proven efficacy in optimizing patients’ management. In this study, a large Chinese kindred segregating autosomal dominant polyneuropathy with incomplete penetrance was ascertained through a patient who was initially diagnosed as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. To investigate the genetic cause, forty-six living family members were genotyped by SNP microarrays and one confirmed patient was subject to WES. Through systematic computational prioritization, we identified a missense mutation c.G148T in TTR gene which results in a p.V50L substitution known to cause transthyretin-related familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Co-segregation analysis and clinical follow-up confirmed the new diagnosis, which suggested new therapeutic options to the patients and informed high risk family members. This study confirms WES as a powerful tool in translational medicine and further demostrates the practical utility of gene prioritization in narrowing the scope of causative mutation.
The Fd-GOGAT1 mutant gene lc7 confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae in rice
Authors: Chen Honglin , Li Chunrong , Liu Liping , Zhao Jiying , Cheng Xuzhen , Jiang Guanghuai , Zhai Wenxue 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDisease resistance is an important goal of crop improvement. The molecular mechanism of resistance requires further study. Here, we report the identification of a rice leaf color mutant, lc7, which is defective in chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis but confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo). Map-based cloning revealed that lc7 encodes a mutant ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase1 (Fd-GOGAT1). Fd-GOGAT1 has been proposed to have great potential for improving nitrogen-use efficiency, but its function in bacterial resistance has not been reported. The lc7 mutant accumulates excessive levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in the leaves, causing the leaf color to become yellow after the four-leaf stage. Compared to the wild type, lc7 mutants have a broad-spectrum high resistance to seven Xoo strains. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and qRT-PCR analysis indicate that many defense pathways that are involved in this broad-spectrum resistance are activated in the lc7 mutant. These results suggest that Fd-GOGAT1 plays an important role in broad-spectrum bacterial blight resistance, in addition to modulating nitrogen assimilation and chloroplast development.
Suppression of 14-3-3γ-mediated surface expression of ANO1 inhibits cancer progression of glioblastoma cells
Authors: Lee Young-Sun , Lee Jae Kwang , Bae Yeonju , Lee Bok-Soon , Kim Eunju , Cho Chang-Hoon , Ryoo Kanghyun , Yoo Jiyun , Kim Chul-Ho , Yi Gwan-Su , Lee Seok-Geun , Lee C. Justin , Kang Sang Soo , Hwang Eun Mi , Park Jae-Yong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAnoctamin-1 (ANO1) acts as a Ca2+-activated Cl− channel in various normal tissues, and its expression is increased in several different types of cancer. Therefore, understanding the regulation of ANO1 surface expression is important for determining its physiological and pathophysiological functions. However, the trafficking mechanism of ANO1 remains elusive. Here, we report that segment a (N-terminal 116 amino acids) of ANO1 is crucial for its surface expression, and we identified 14-3-3γ as a binding partner for anterograde trafficking using yeast two-hybrid screening. The surface expression of ANO1 was enhanced by 14-3-3γ, and the Thr9 residue of ANO1 was critical for its interaction with 14-3-3γ. Gene silencing of 14-3-3γ and/or ANO1 demonstrated that suppression of ANO1 surface expression inhibited migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells. These findings provide novel therapeutic implications for glioblastomas, which are associated with poor prognosis.
Goos-Hänchen shift of partially coherent light fields in epsilon-near-zero metamaterials
Authors: Ziauddin  , Chuang You-Lin , Qamar Sajid , Lee Ray-Kuang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifts in the reflected light are investigated both for p and s polarized partial coherent light beams incident on epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials. In contrary to the coherent counterparts, the magnitude of GH shift becomes non-zero for p polarized partial coherent light beam; while GH shift can be relatively large with a small degree of spatial coherence for s polarized partial coherent beam. Dependence on the beam width and the permittivity of ENZ metamaterials is also revealed for partial coherent light fields. Our results on the GH shifts provide a direction on the applications for partial coherent light sources in ENZ metamaterials.
Artificial Autopolyploidization Modifies the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and GABA Shunt in Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0
Authors: Vergara Fredd , Kikuchi Jun , Breuer Christian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAutopolyploidy is a process whereby the chromosome set is multiplied and it is a common phenomenon in angiosperms. Autopolyploidy is thought to be an important evolutionary force that has led to the formation of new plant species. Despite its relevance, the consequences of autopolyploidy in plant metabolism are poorly understood. This study compares the metabolic profiles of natural diploids and artificial autotetraploids of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0. Different physiological parameters are compared between diploids and autotetraploids using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), elemental analysis (carbon:nitrogen balance) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The main difference between diploid and autotetraploid A. thaliana Col-0 is observed in the concentration of metabolites related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) shunt, as shown by multivariate statistical analysis of NMR spectra. qRT-PCR shows that genes related to the TCA and GABA shunt are also differentially expressed between diploids and autotetraploids following similar trends as their corresponding metabolites. Solid evidence is presented to demonstrate that autopolyploidy influences core plant metabolic processes.
Induction of wheat straw delignification by Trametes species
Authors: Knežević Aleksandar , Stajić Mirjana , Jovanović Vladimir M. , Kovačević Višnja , Ćilerdžić Jasmina , Milovanović Ivan , Vukojević Jelena 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWheat straw is the major crop residue in European countries which makes it the most promising material for bioconversion into biofuels. However, cellulose and hemicellulose are protected with lignin, so delignification is an inevitable phase in lignocellulose processing. The organisms predominantly responsible for its degradation are white-rot fungi and among themTrametesspecies represent promising degraders due to a well-developed ligninolytic enzyme system. Although numerous studies have confirmed that low molecular weight compounds can induce the production and activity of ligninolytic enzymes it is not clear how this reflects on the extent of delignification. The aim of the study was to assess the capacity ofp-anisidine and veratryl alcohol to induce the production and activity of Mn-oxidizing peroxidases and laccases, and wheat straw delignification by sixTrametesspecies. Significant inter- and intraspecific variations in activity and features of these enzymes were found, as well as differences in the potential of lignocellulose degradation in the presence or absence of inducers. Differences in the catalytic properties of synthesized enzyme isoforms strongly affected lignin degradation. Apart from enhanced lignin degradation, the addition ofp-anisidine could significantly improve the selectivity of wheat straw ligninolysis, which was especially evident forT. hirsutastrains.
PLPP/CIN regulates bidirectional synaptic plasticity via GluN2A interaction with postsynaptic proteins
Authors: Kim Ji-Eun , Kim Yeon-Joo , Lee Duk-Shin , Kim Ji Yang , Ko Ah-Reum , Hyun Hye-Won , Kim Min Ju , Kang Tae-Cheon 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDendritic spines are dynamic structures whose efficacies and morphologies are modulated by activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. The actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in stabilization and structural modification of spines. However, the regulatory mechanism by which it alters the plasticity threshold remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the role of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate phosphatase/chronophin (PLPP/CIN), one of the cofilin-mediated F-actin regulators, in modulating synaptic plasticity in vivo. PLPP/CIN transgenic (Tg) mice had immature spines with small heads, while PLPP/CIN knockout (KO) mice had gigantic spines. Furthermore, PLPP/CIN Tg mice exhibited enhanced synaptic plasticity, but KO mice showed abnormal synaptic plasticity. The PLPP/CIN-induced alterations in synaptic plasticity were consistent with the acquisition and the recall capacity of spatial learning. PLPP/CIN also enhanced N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (GluN) functionality by regulating the coupling of GluN2A with interacting proteins, particularly postsynaptic density-95 (PSD95). Therefore, these results suggest that PLPP/CIN may be an important factor for regulating the plasticity threshold.
Assessing the role of migration as trade-facilitator using the statistical mechanics of cooperative systems
Authors: Barra Adriano , Galluzzi Andrea , Tantari Daniele , Agliari Elena , Requena-Silvente Francisco 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInteractions between natives and foreign-born individuals may help to stimulate the development and the diversification of bilateral trade relationships. In fact, migrants act as trade facilitators reducing transaction costs in export activities and, consequently, more local firms are able to establish new trade relationships abroad. The pro-trade effect of migration is well evidenced in several works where the shape of the trade-migration relationship has been examined empirically; however, they all lack an analytical model that enables them to predict the expected non-linear relationship between migration and trade. Here, using statistical mechanics tools we develop a simple model that demonstrates that there is a positive non-linear relationship between the extensive margin of trade and the proportion of migrants in the total population. Data on Spanish trade and migration provide support for the predictions made by the theoretical model. The model also suggests the need of a critical mass of migrants before their interactions with the natives have any effective impact on trade. The threshold is sensitive to the nationality of the migrants, suggesting that cultural differences between natives and migrants may affect the number of migrants needed to generate a positive impact on trade. Furthermore, we examine the possible relationship between the share of migrants in the total population and the extent of diversification of the portfolio of exported goods, finding evidence of a strong positive correlation. Our approach can be used to examine other related issues such as the impact of formal or informal firm networks on trade.
Millennial-scale sustainability of the Chesapeake Bay Native American oyster fishery
Authors: Rick Torben C. , Reeder-Myers Leslie A. , Hofman Courtney A. , Breitburg Denise , Lockwood Rowan , Henkes Gregory , Kellogg Lisa , Lowery Darrin , Luckenbach Mark W. , Mann Roger , Ogburn Matthew B. , Southworth Melissa , Wah John , Wesson James , Hines Anson H. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Oysters are important organisms in estuaries around the world, influencing water quality, constructing habitat, and providing food for humans and wildlife. Following over a century of overfishing, pollution, disease, and habitat degradation, oyster populations in the Chesapeake Bay and elsewhere have declined dramatically. Despite providing food for humans for millennia, we know little about Chesapeake Bay oyster populations prior to historical fishing in the late 1800s. Using fossil, archaeological, and modern biological data, we reconstruct changes in oyster size from the Pleistocene and prior to human harvest through prehistoric Native American occupation and modern times. These data demonstrate sustainability in the Native American oyster fishery, providing insight into the future management of oysters in the Chesapeake Bay and around the world.
Early Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Uptake of Long-acting Reversible Contraceptive Methods
Authors: Pace Lydia E. , Dusetzina Stacie B. , Keating Nancy L. 
Published: May 2016

Background:
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) required most private insurance plans to cover contraceptive services without patient cost-sharing as of January 2013 for most plans. Whether the ACA’s mandate has impacted long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) use is unknown.

Objective:
The aim of this article is to assess trends in LARC cost-sharing and uptake before and one year after implementation of the ACA’s contraceptive mandate.

Design:
A retrospective cohort study using Truven Health MarketScan claims data from January 2010 to December 2013.

Subjects:
Women aged 18–45 years with continuous insurance coverage with claims for oral contraceptive pills, patches, rings, injections, or LARC during 2010–2013 (N=3,794,793).

Measures:
Descriptive statistics were used to assess trends in LARC cost-sharing and uptake from 2010 through 2013. Interrupted time series models were used to assess the association of time, ACA, and time after the ACA on LARC cost-sharing and initiation rates, adjusting for patient and plan characteristics.

Results:
The proportion of claims with $0 cost-sharing for intrauterine devices and implants, respectively, rose from 36.6% and 9.3% in 2010 to 87.6% and 80.5% in 2013. The ACA was associated with a significant increase in these proportions and in their rate of increase (level and slope change both P<0.001). LARC uptake increased over time with no significant change in level of LARC use after ACA implementation in January 2013 (P=0.44) and a slightly slower rate of growth post-ACA than previously reported (β coefficient for trend, −0.004; P<0.001).

Conclusions:
The ACA has significantly decreased LARC cost-sharing, but during its first year had not yet increased LARC initiation rates.
Applying the lessons of VSA to new psychoactive substances
Authors: Leigh Victoria 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore whether there are ways in which the preventive strategies used to tackle volatile substance abuse (VSA) can be usefully applied to today’s new psychoactive substances (NPS).Design/methodology/approach– In 2010-2013, with funding from the Big Lottery, Re-Solv, in partnership with St George’s, University of London, andeducari, commissioned a re-analysis of both the mortality data relating to VSA and of the legislative and preventative measures taken that may have played a part in the steady downward trend in VSA mortality since. This paper is informed by Re-Solv’s research findings and the papers resulting from it, namely, Ives (2013) and Butlandet al.(2013).Findings– Efforts to reduce the harm from NPS could benefit from a re-examination of preventive approaches to VSA, which have resulted in a downward trend in mortality over the past two decades.Social implications– There is evidence from past prevention practice which could be relevant and applied to present day concerns about drugs and substances not previously available or used.Originality/value– This is the first paper to explore how learning from VSA might be applied to NPS and the “legal highs” of today.