bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Models of utricular bouton afferents: role of afferent-hair cell connectivity in determining spike train regularity
Authors: Holmes William R. , Huwe Janice A. , Williams Barbara , Rowe Michael H. , Peterson Ellengene H. 
Published: February 2017

Vestibular bouton afferent terminals in turtle utricle can be categorized into four types depending on their location and terminal arbor structure: lateral extrastriolar (LES), striolar, juxtastriolar, and medial extrastriolar (MES). The terminal arbors of these afferents differ in surface area, total length, collecting area, number of boutons, number of bouton contacts per hair cell, and axon diameter (Huwe JA, Logan CJ, Williams B, Rowe MH, Peterson EH. J Neurophysiol 113: 2420–2433, 2015). To understand how differences in terminal morphology and the resulting hair cell inputs might affect afferent response properties, we modeled representative afferents from each region, using reconstructed bouton afferents. Collecting area and hair cell density were used to estimate hair cell-to-afferent convergence. Nonmorphological features were held constant to isolate effects of afferent structure and connectivity. The models suggest that all four bouton afferent types are electrotonically compact and that excitatory postsynaptic potentials are two to four times larger in MES afferents than in other afferents, making MES afferents more responsive to low input levels. The models also predict that MES and LES terminal structures permit higher spontaneous firing rates than those in striola and juxtastriola. We found that differences in spike train regularity are not a consequence of differences in peripheral terminal structure, per se, but that a higher proportion of multiple contacts between afferents and individual hair cells increases afferent firing irregularity. The prediction that afferents having primarily one bouton contact per hair cell will fire more regularly than afferents making multiple bouton contacts per hair cell has implications for spike train regularity in dimorphic and calyx afferents. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Bouton afferents in different regions of turtle utricle have very different morphologies and afferent-hair cell connectivities. Highly detailed computational modeling provides insights into how morphology impacts excitability and also reveals a new explanation for spike train irregularity based on relative numbers of multiple bouton contacts per hair cell. This mechanism is independent of other proposed mechanisms for spike train irregularity based on ionic conductances and can explain irregularity in dimorphic units and calyx endings.
A Population-Based Study of Sociodemographic and Geographic Variation in HPV Vaccination
Authors: Finney Rutten Lila J. , Wilson Patrick M. , Jacobson Debra J. , Agunwamba Amenah A. , Radecki Breitkopf Carmen , Jacobson Robert M. , St. Sauver Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates in the United States remain low and lag behind other recommended adolescent vaccines. Studies evaluating the association of geographic and area-level characteristics with HPV vaccination rates provide a valuable resource for public health planning.
Method: We used the Rochester Epidemiology Project data linkage system to ascertain HPV vaccination rates between 2010 and 2015 in a 7-county region of southern Minnesota. Geocoded individual patient data were spatially linked to socioeconomic data from the American Community Survey at the census block group level. Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression was used to model incident vaccination rates, adjusting for individual- and area-level sociodemographic characteristics, and geolocation. Geolocation was modeled as an approximated Gaussian field using a Stochastic Partial Differential Equations approach. All models were estimated using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations.
Results: In adjusted models, increasing age and female sex were associated with increased HPV vaccination. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with decreased rates of initiation [adjusted odds ratio (AOR); 95% confidence interval = 0.90 (0.86–0.95)], completion of the second dose [AOR = 0.88 (0.83–0.93)], and completion of the third dose [AOR = 0.85 (0.80–0.92)]. Geographic spatial analysis demonstrated increased odds of vaccination for the eastern region and in the greater Rochester metropolitan area, showing significant spatial variation not explained by individual level characteristics and ACS block group-level data.
Conclusions: HPV vaccination rates varied geographically and by individual and geographically indexed sociodemographic characteristics.
Impact: Identifying geographic regions with low HPV vaccination rates can help target clinical and community efforts to improve vaccination rates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 533–40. ©2017 AACR.
See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences.”
Housing Discrimination, Residential Racial Segregation, and Colorectal Cancer Survival in Southeastern Wisconsin
Authors: Zhou Yuhong , Bemanian Amin , Beyer Kirsten M.M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground: Residential racial segregation is still neglected in contemporary examinations of racial health disparities, including studies of cancer. Even fewer studies examine the processes by which segregation occurs, such as through housing discrimination. This study aims to examine relationships among housing discrimination, segregation, and colorectal cancer survival in southeastern Wisconsin.Methods: Cancer incidence data were obtained from the Wisconsin Cancer Reporting System for two southeastern Wisconsin metropolitan areas. Two indices of mortgage discrimination were derived from Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data, and a measure of segregation (the location quotient) was calculated from U.S. census data; all predictors were specified at the ZIP Code Tabulation Area level. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine associations between mortgage discrimination, segregation, and colorectal cancer survival in southeastern Wisconsin.Results: For all-cause mortality, racial bias in mortgage lending was significantly associated with a greater hazard rate among blacks [HR = 1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.76] and among black women (HR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.06–2.21), but not black men in sex-specific models. No associations were identified for redlining or the location quotient. Additional work is needed to determine whether these findings can be replicated in other geographical settings.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that black women in particular experience poorer colorectal cancer survival in neighborhoods characterized by racial bias in mortgage lending, a measure of institutional racism. These findings are in line with previous studies of breast cancer survival.Impact: Housing discrimination and institutional racism may be important targets for policy change to reduce health disparities, including cancer disparities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 561–8. ©2017 AACR.See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences.”
INPP4B and PTEN Loss Leads to PI-3,4-P2 Accumulation and Inhibition of PI3K in TNBC
Authors: Reed Darien E. , Shokat Kevan M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer [TNBC, lacks expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and amplification of HER2/Neu] remains one of the most aggressive subtypes, affects the youngest patients, and still lacks an effective targeted therapy. Both phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-α and -β contribute to oncogenesis of solid tumors, including the development of breast cancer. Inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase type II (INPP4B) catalyzes the removal of the 4′-phosphate of phosphatidylinositol-(3, 4)-bisphosphate (PI-3,4-P2), creating phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate. There is debate concerning whether PI-3,4-P2 contributes to Akt and downstream effector activation with the known canonical signaling second messenger, phosphatidylinositol-(3, 4, 5)-trisphosphate (PIP3). If PI-3,4-P2 is a positive effector, INPP4B would be a negative regulator of PI3K signaling, and there is some evidence to support this. Utilizing phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN)-null triple-negative breast tumor cell lines, it was unexpectedly found that silencing INPP4B decreased basal phospho-Akt (pAkt) and cellular proliferation, and in most cases sensitized cells to PI3K-α and PI3K-β isoform-specific inhibitors. Conversely, overexpression of INPP4B desensitized cells to PI3K inhibitors in a phosphatase activity-dependent manner. In summary, the current investigation of INPP4B in PTEN-null TNBC suggests new mechanistic insight and the potential for targeted therapy for this aggressive subset of breast cancer.
Implications: These data support a model where PI-3,4-P2 is inhibitory toward PI3K, revealing a novel feedback mechanism under conditions of excessive signaling, and potentially an indication for PI3K-β isoform-specific inhibitors in PTEN-null TNBC that have lost INPP4B expression. Mol Cancer Res; 15(6); 765–75. ©2017 AACR.
Increased Radial Access Is Not Associated With Worse Femoral Outcomes for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hulme William , Sperrin Matthew , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Ratib Karim , Ludman Peter , Sirker Alex , Kinnaird Tim , Curzen Nick , Kwok Chun Shing , De Belder Mark , Nolan James , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: February 2017

Background—
The radial artery is increasingly adopted as the primary access site for cardiac catheterization because of patient preference, lower bleeding rates, cost effectiveness, and reduced risk of mortality in high-risk patient groups. Concerns have been expressed that operators/centers have become increasingly unfamiliar with transfemoral access. The aim of this study was to assess whether a change in access site practice toward transradial access nationally has led to worse outcomes in percutaneous coronary intervention procedures performed through the transfemoral access approach.

Methods and Results—

Using the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS) database, a retrospective analysis of 235 250 transfemoral access percutaneous coronary intervention procedures was undertaken in all 92 centers in England and Wales between 2007 and 2013. Recent femoral proportion and recent femoral volume were determined, and in-hospital vascular complications and 30-day mortality were evaluated. After case-mix adjustment, no independent association was observed between 30-day mortality for cases undertaken through the transfemoral access and center femoral proportion, the risk-adjusted odds ratio for recent femoral proportion was nonsignificant (odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.97–1.02;
P
=0.472 per 0.1 increase in proportion), and similarly recent femoral volume (per 100 procedures) was not found to be significant (odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.98–1.01;
P
=0.869). The in-hospital vascular complication rate was 1.0%, and this outcome was not significantly associated with recent femoral proportion after risk-adjustment (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.00;
P
=0.060 per 0.1 increase in proportion).

Conclusions—
The outcome gains achieved by the national adoption of radial access are not associated with a loss of femoral proficiency, and centers should be encouraged to continue to adopt radial access as the default access site for percutaneous coronary intervention wherever possible in line with current best evidence.
Roles of Changing Physical Function and Caregiver Burden on Quality of Life in Stroke
Authors: Pucciarelli Gianluca , Vellone Ercole , Savini Serenella , Simeone Silvio , Ausili Davide , Alvaro Rosaria , Lee Christopher S. , Lyons Karen S. 
Published: February 2017

Background and Purpose—
The purpose of this study was to examine changes in stroke survivor and caregiver quality of life (QOL) and to determine whether changes in survivor physical functioning and caregiver burden (ie, the impact of the physical, psychological, and social demands of caregiving) influence changes in QOL.

Methods—
Longitudinal design with 226 stroke survivor–caregiver dyads enrolled at survivor discharge from rehabilitation hospitals. Data collection was performed over 12 months. We measured survivor physical functioning, caregiver burden, and QOL (physical, psychological, social, and environmental) in both survivor and caregiver. Multilevel modeling was used to control for the interdependence of the data.

Results—

Survivors (50% male sex) and caregivers (66% female sex) were 70.8 (SD=11.9) and 52.4 (SD=13.1) years old, respectively. Over the 12 months, stroke survivor’s physical (γ=1.59;
P
<0.001) and psychological (γ=0.86;
P
<0.05) QOL significantly improved; social and environmental QOL did not
P
>0.05. Caregiver QOL, on average, did not significantly change over time
P
>0.05. Improvements in survivor physical functioning were associated with increases in survivor and caregiver physical and psychological QOL and survivor environmental QOL. Decreases in caregiver burden were significantly associated with improvements in caregiver physical, psychological, and environmental QOL but not with survivor QOL.

Conclusions—
QOL of stroke survivors and caregivers covaries and is greatly impacted by the physical function changes of the survivor. Dyadic approaches to stroke rehabilitation that acknowledge the interdependence of dyads are needed.
Indigenous Well-Being in Australian Government Policy Contexts
Authors: Grieves Vicki 
Published: February 2017

This paper is designed to be the beginning of a dialogue about Indigenous well-being in government policy contexts in Australia rather than a definitive analysis. It arises from a larger report prepared for the New South Wales (NSW) Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC; Grieves, 2006). The Cultural Heritage Branch seeks to analyse current government policy approaches to Indigenous Australian well-being to establish where Aboriginal cultural heritage activities are included and can be included. The major project, of which the large report is a component, addresses the research question: How does cultural heritage, as an activity field, enhance Aboriginal well-being and how can cultural notions of well-being be applied to government policies concerned with Aboriginal people in NSW? Cultural heritage has been defined as ‘consisting of places and objects which are valued by the community. As well as buildings and landscapes, it includes objects representing traditional ways of life and symbols of events which have touched communities’ (English & Gay, 2005). Importantly, Indigenous Australians also have a unique heritage as the first people of Australia, which is acknowledged by the Australian Government as Native Title. Moreover, Indigenous Australian cultural heritage includes intangible factors, which have their basis in ways of being and doing, and also expressed in oral and performative expression, for example, Indigenous Australian languages, music and dance that connect people to the land. This article includes findings about Commonwealth Government policies relating to well-being, with a focus on: Indigenous Australian culture and heritage; the alignment between government's well-being policies (and relevant legislation); the nature of Indigenous Australian community participation in this area; and consideration of the conceptual framework that underpins the current government policy framework.
The Development of Emotional Competency through the use of Aboriginal Literature
Authors: Brown Lee , Daniels Lyn 
Published: February 2017

The Emotional Competency Through the Use of Aboriginal Literature Project explored the development of emotional competency with students from cross-cultural backgrounds. The project focused on developing teachers’ abilities to plan and create learning opportunities for students to engage with the emotions of characters in Aboriginal literature as a means of developing their own emotional skills. In addition, the project created an understanding of how emotions are developed into values and enhanced respect for the diverse value systems represented by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal students in the classroom as an aspect of emotional competency. The teachers attended a one-day workshop on emotional competency with an introduction to Aboriginal literature. Teachers were provided with an emotional competency curriculum development guide to help them apply the principles of emotional development to their lesson plans. In addition, they were provided with an introduction to the methods by which literature informs identity. This article will focus on the initial findings of the project. We will examine the implementation of the six principles of emotional competency into classroom practice. The article examines the difficulties and successes of using Aboriginal literature to develop emotional competency and explores the effect the project had on the emotional and identity development of those involved in the project.
Tic ET Ducation en Afrique De L'ouest ET DU Centre: Défis, contraintes et perspectives d'une intégration amorcée
Authors: Traoré Djénéba 
Published: February 2017

This article intends to establish an overview of the situation of information and communication technology (ICT) integration in education in West and Central Africa through the analysis of documents produced by various institutions which include, among others, the Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA), the World Bank, UNESCO and ERNWACA (Educational Research Network of West and Central Africa). The article focuses primarily on the ICT integration in the sub-Saharan African education analysing the survey led by ERNWACA in partnership with the University of Montreal on ‘ICT integration in education in West and Central Africa: a case study of pioneer schools’ (2005). The survey points out that the ICT can play a very significant role in the improvement of the quality of teaching in Africa, but that many actions must be taken in the field of teacher training and the integration of new technologies in teaching and learning.
Contemporary Alutiiq Masks and Meaning
Authors: Jackinsky-Horrell Nadia 
Published: February 2017

Between the late 19th century and the late 20th century, mask carving was not practiced on Kodiak Island, the ancestral home of the Alutiiq peoples. In the last three decades, this tradition has re-emerged. This article examines how Alutiiq masks are made today and examines some of the challenges of making masks for both Alutiiq and non-Alutiiq audiences. A visitor to Kodiak, Alaska today will probably encounter Alutiiq1 masks hanging in homes, for sale in the Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository and used as decoration in businesses around the city. A visitor might notice reproductions of Alutiiq masks imprinted on t-shirts, magnets and coffee cups. If a visitor is lucky enough to travel to one of the villages on the island, he or she might see Alutiiq students participating in masked dances, or carving miniature masks in a workshop. Her or she might see masks hanging from street posts, or sheds. (See figure 1). There are two distinct audiences that enjoy Alutiiq masks; those
Turuturu: Integrating Indigenous and Western Knowledge
Authors: Carr Debra J. , Mccallum Rua 
Published: February 2017

Nāu i whatu te kākahu, he tāniko tāku. (Mead & Grove, 2001: 319) The above whakataukī (proverbial saying) symbolizes the joint alliance of a Welsh (that is non-Māori) materials engineer and a Māori user of cultural materials not only writing this article, but in the development of the holistic research philosophy and exemplar we are entitling Turuturu. Turuturu (methodological framework) embraces both mätauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) and Western science and engineering, and emerged as a result of changing perceptions of research methods by the authors. For many Western academics in both science and humanities, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research projects are considered the norm. However, by considering different perspectives, discipline boundaries are challenged and can be re-negotiated as transdisciplinary research which has a similar framework to kaupapa Māori (Māori theory). A case study is provided in this article that employs Turuturu in the assessment of harakeke (Phormium tenax, New Zealand lowland flax) growing at Te Nohoaka o Tukiauau (Sinclair Wetlands) for weaving purposes. The assessments were completed from the perspectives of both a materials engineer and a Māori user of cultural materials. Conclusions are drawn regarding the interface of the two knowledge sets, especially as they merge and ameliorate as a singular method encapsulated within the korowai (cloak)1 of tikanga Māori (Māori custom, protocol). The research being Māori initiated, led and controlled, but involving Māori and non-Māori researchers, involves boundary crossing and a philosophy of open mindedness of all parties concerned.
Identifying Commonalities between Indigenous Values and Current Sustainable Design Concepts in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Voyde Emily , Morgan Te Kipa Kepa Brian 
Published: February 2017

Urbanization creates impervious surfaces which reduce natural hydrologic functions and result in channel erosion, loss of property and habitat degradation. Sustainable design and management adopts a more holistic approach to conventional methods. Various techniques for sustainable management are Low Impact Development (LID), Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) and Low Impact Urban Design and Development (LIUDD). Regardless of terminology, the introduction of such concepts to Aotearoa New Zealand reflects a paradigm shift from conventional stormwater management techniques to a more sustainable design philosophy. This paper proposes that the imported concepts of sustainable design run parallel to indigenous values when applied in the Aotearoa New Zealand context. Mātauranga Māori is the indigenous knowledge of the Māori people of Aotearoa. Examples are presented to discuss the parallels between current sustainable design techniques and the contribution of mātauranga Māori through indigenous values.
The anatomy of Wassel type IV-D thumb duplication
Authors: He B. , Liu G. , Nan G. 
Published: February 2017

We describe Wassel type IV-D thumb duplication anatomy after surgery on 11 affected children (12 hands, seven boys (eight hands) and four girls). We studied the structure and course of the flexor pollicis longus tendon and its action at the joint. Four patients had secondary deformity associated with an absent A2 pulley and a tendon that clung to the radial side of a small thumb. In patients with primary deformity, the flexor tendon sheath became membranous in the A2 area and attached to neighbouring sites on the opposite side of the proximal phalanx. In the proximal A2 area, the tendon divided – one division attached on the ulnar side of the distal phalanx base; the other, the base of the radial side. There was slight ulnar angulation of the distal phalanx on the radial portion of the duplication and slight ulnar angulation on the radial portion. Level of evidence: V