bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human skeletal muscle fibroblasts stimulate in vitro myogenesis and in vivo muscle regeneration
Authors: Mackey Abigail L. , Magnan Mélanie , Chazaud Bénédicte , Kjaer Michael 
Published: March 2017

Key points
Accumulation of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix is an unfavourable characteristic of many muscle diseases, muscle injury and sarcopenia.
The extent of cross‐talk between fibroblasts, as the source of matrix protein, and satellite cells in humans is unknown. We studied this in human muscle biopsies and cell‐culture studies.
We observed a strong stimulation of myogenesis by human fibroblasts in cell culture.
In biopsies collected 30 days after a muscle injury protocol, fibroblast number increased to four times control levels, where fibroblasts were found to be preferentially located immediately surrounding regenerating muscle fibres.
These novel findings indicate an important role for fibroblasts in supporting the regeneration of muscle fibres, potentially through direct stimulation of satellite cell differentiation and fusion, and contribute to understanding of cell–cell cross‐talk during physiological and pathological muscle remodelling.
AbstractAccumulation of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix is an unfavourable characteristic of many muscle diseases, muscle injury and sarcopenia. In addition to the indispensable role satellite cells play in muscle regeneration, there is emerging evidence in rodents for a regulatory influence on fibroblast activity. However, the influence of fibroblasts on satellite cells and muscle regeneration in humans is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate this in vitro and during in vivo regeneration in humans. Following a muscle injury protocol in young healthy men (n = 7), the number of fibroblasts (TCF7L2+), satellite cells (Pax7+), differentiating myogenic cells (myogenin+) and regenerating fibres (neonatal/embryonic myosin+) was determined from biopsy cross‐sections. Fibroblasts and myogenic precursor cells (MPCs) were also isolated from human skeletal muscle (n = 4) and co‐cultured using different cell ratios, with the two cell populations either in direct contact with each other or separated by a permeable membrane. MPC proliferation, differentiation and fusion were assessed from cells stained for BrdU, desmin and myogenin. On biopsy cross‐sections, fibroblast number was seen to increase, along with myogenic cell number, by d7 and increase further by d30, where fibroblasts were observed to be preferentially located immediately surrounding regenerating muscle fibres. In vitro, the presence of fibroblasts in direct contact with MPCs was found to moderately stimulate MPC proliferation and strongly stimulate both MPC differentiation and MPC fusion. It thus appears, in humans, that fibroblasts exert a strong positive regulatory influence on MPC activity, in line with observations during in vivo skeletal muscle regeneration.
Impact of Contaminating DNA in Whole-Genome Amplification Kits Used for Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing for Infection Diagnosis
Authors: Thoendel Matthew , Jeraldo Patricio , Greenwood-Quaintance Kerryl E. , Yao Janet , Chia Nicholas , Hanssen Arlen D. , Abdel Matthew P. , Patel Robin 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Whole-genome amplification (WGA) is a useful tool for amplification of very small quantities of DNA for many uses, including metagenomic shotgun sequencing for infection diagnosis. Depending on the application, background DNA from WGA kits can be problematic. Three WGA kits were tested for their utility in a metagenomics approach to identify the pathogens in sonicate fluid comprised of biofilms and other materials dislodged from the surfaces of explanted prosthetic joints using sonication. The Illustra V2 Genomiphi, Illustra single cell Genomiphi, and Qiagen REPLI-g single cell kits were used to test identical sonicate fluid samples. Variations in the number of background reads, the genera identified in the background, and the number of reads from known pathogens known to be present in the samples were observed between kits. These results were then compared to those obtained with a library preparation without prior WGA using an NEBNext Ultra II paired-end kit, which requires a very small amount of input DNA. This approach also resulted in the presence of contaminant bacterial DNA and yielded fewer reads from the known pathogens. These findings highlight the impact that WGA kit selection can have on metagenomic analysis of low-biomass samples and the importance of the careful selection and consideration of the implications of using these tools.
SGTA-Dependent Regulation of Hsc70 Promotes Cytosol Entry of Simian Virus 40 from the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Dupzyk Allison , Williams Jeffrey M. , Bagchi Parikshit , Inoue Takamasa , Tsai Billy 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Membrane penetration by nonenveloped viruses remains enigmatic. In the case of the nonenveloped polyomavirus simian virus 40 (SV40), the virus penetrates the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane to reach the cytosol and then traffics to the nucleus to cause infection. We previously demonstrated that the cytosolic Hsc70-SGTA-Hsp105 complex is tethered to the ER membrane, where Hsp105 and SGTA facilitate the extraction of SV40 from the ER and transport of the virus into the cytosol. We now find that Hsc70 also ejects SV40 from the ER into the cytosol in a step regulated by SGTA. Although SGTA's N-terminal domain, which mediates homodimerization and recruits cellular adaptors, is dispensable during ER-to-cytosol transport of SV40, this domain appears to exert an unexpected post-ER membrane translocation function during SV40 entry. Our study thus establishes a critical function of Hsc70 within the Hsc70-SGTA-Hsp105 complex in promoting SV40 ER-to-cytosol membrane penetration and unveils a role of SGTA in controlling this step.

IMPORTANCE
How a nonenveloped virus transports across a biological membrane to cause infection remains mysterious. One enigmatic step is whether host cytosolic components are co-opted to transport the viral particle into the cytosol. During ER-to-cytosol membrane transport of the nonenveloped polyomavirus SV40, a decisive infection step, a cytosolic complex composed of Hsc70-SGTA-Hsp105 was previously shown to associate with the ER membrane. SGTA and Hsp105 have been shown to extract SV40 from the ER and transport the virus into the cytosol. We demonstrate here a critical role of Hsc70 in SV40 ER-to-cytosol penetration and reveal how SGTA controls Hsc70 to impact this process.
Return on investment of public health interventions: a systematic review
Authors: Masters Rebecca , Anwar Elspeth , Collins Brendan , Cookson Richard , Capewell Simon 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundPublic sector austerity measures in many high-income countries mean that public health budgets are reducing year on year. To help inform the potential impact of these proposed disinvestments in public health, we set out to determine the return on investment (ROI) from a range of existing public health interventions.MethodsWe conducted systematic searches on all relevant databases (including MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL; AMED; PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus) to identify studies that calculated a ROI or cost-benefit ratio (CBR) for public health interventions in high-income countries.ResultsWe identified 2957 titles, and included 52 studies. The median ROI for public health interventions was 14.3 to 1, and median CBR was 8.3. The median ROI for all 29 local public health interventions was 4.1 to 1, and median CBR was 10.3. Even larger benefits were reported in 28 studies analysing nationwide public health interventions; the median ROI was 27.2, and median CBR was 17.5.ConclusionsThis systematic review suggests that local and national public health interventions are highly cost-saving. Cuts to public health budgets in high income countries therefore represent a false economy, and are likely to generate billions of pounds of additional costs to health services and the wider economy.
Tailoring treatment of haemophilia B: accounting for the distribution and clearance of standard and extended half-life FIX concentrates
Authors: Iorio Alfonso , Fischer Kathelijn , Blanchette Victor , Rangarajan Savita , Young Guy , Morfini Massimo ,   for the Pharmacokinetic (PK) Expert Working Group of the International Prophylaxis Study Group (the IPSG)
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe prophylactic administration of factor IX (FIX) is considered the most effective treatment for haemophilia B. The inter-individual variability and complexity of the pharmacokinetics (PK) of FIX, and the rarity of the disease have hampered identification of an optimal treatment regimens. The recent introduction of extended half-life recombinant FIX molecules (EHL-rFIX), has prompted a thorough reassessment of the clinical efficacy, PK and pharmacodynamics of plasma-derived and recombinant FIX. First, using longer sampling times and multi-compartmental PK models has led to more precise (and favourable) PK for FIX than was appreciated in the past. Second, investigating the distribution of FIX in the body beyond the vascular space (which is implied by its complex kinetics) has opened a new research field on the role for extravascular FIX. Third, measuring plasma levels of EHL-rFIX has shown that different aPTT reagents have different accuracy in measuring different FIX molecules. How will this new knowledge reflect on clinical practice? Clinical decision making in haemophilia B requires some caution and expertise. First, comparisons between different FIX molecules must be assessed taking into consideration the comparability of the populations studied and the PK models used. Second, individual PK estimates must rely on multi-compartmental models, and would benefit from adopting a population PK approach. Optimal sampling times need to be adapted to the prolonged half-life of the new EHL FIX products. Finally, costs considerations may apply, which is beyond the scope of this manuscript but might be deeply connected with the PK considerations discussed in this communication.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
<b>Status, distribution and threats of kraits (Squamata: Elapidae: Bungarus) in Bangladesh</b>
Authors: Ahsan M. F. , Rahman M. M. 
Published: March 2017

Kraits (Bungarus spp.) of Bangladesh were studied between January 2014 and March 2015. Five species of kraits are known to occur in Bangladesh. These are the Common Krait Bungarus caeruleus, Banded Krait B. fasciatus, Lesser Black Krait B. lividus, Greater Black Krait B. niger and Wall’s Krait B. walli. Banded Krait is the commonest and Lesser Black Krait is the rarest krait species in the country. The status of these five kraits in Bangladesh has been assessed. The distributions have been compiled and discussed, and some reasons for their population decline have also been pointed out.
<b>A pre­liminary report on the impact of road kills on the herpetofauna species in Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India</b>
Authors: Santhoshkumar P. , Kannan P. , Veeramani A. , Samson A. , Karthick S. , Leonaprincy J. 
Published: March 2017

To know the situation of road hits of amphibians and reptile species, a survey was conducted during the period 02 June 2013 to 25 May 2014. A total of 172 incidents of road kill of different species were noticed, representing 12 species of herpetofauna, including five amphibian species of the families Bufonidae, Dicroglossidae, Microhylidae and Rhacophoridae, and seven species of reptiles of the families Scincidae, Agamidae, Uropeltidae, Colubridae, Natricidae and Xenodermatidae. Reptiles were the most affected group (60%), of which more than 79.61% of the road kills were snakes. The most affected snake species were endemic Xylophis perroteti (64.63%).
<b>Forest ghost moth fauna of northeastern India (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae: <I>Endoclita, Palpifer,</I> and <I>Hepialiscus</I>)</b>
Authors: Grehan John R. , Ismavel Vijay Anand 
Published: March 2017

Taxonomic and biological information is reviewed for the forest Hepialidae of northeastern India, a poorly known group of moths in a region known for the global significance of its biodiversity. The taxonomic and biological characteristics are described for genera known from the northeast - Endoclita, Palpifer, and Hepialiscus. A key is provided for distinguishing these genera and the genus Thitarodes known from nearby Bhutan, China, and Nepal, which is almost certainly present within the borders of India. Taxonomic characteristics are described for 12 species from the northeast along with illustrations of the species and maps of their known distributions. Information on species distributions is extremely fragmentary and it is considered very likely that most species have more extensive distributions than currently documented. The northeastern Indian region represents a center of hepialid diversity comprising three principal distribution patterns: (i) local endemics, (ii) Himalayan, and (iii) northeastern. Comparison of distribution records and major vegetation types indicate the absence of information on the hepialid fauna for much of the northeast region. The principal challenge for future documentation and assessment of the hepialid fauna for this region, as with any other part of India, is the lack of modern descriptions of type specimens. The inclusion of voucher collections of Hepialidae in future biodiversity surveys of northeastern India is to be strongly encouraged, particularly in the context of current and future environmental impacts affecting the sustainability of forest environments in the region.
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Long-Term Management of Kawasaki Disease: A Scientific Statement for Health Professionals From the American Heart Association
Authors: McCrindle Brian W. , Rowley Anne H. , Newburger Jane W. , Burns Jane C. , Bolger Anne F. , Gewitz Michael , Baker Annette L. , Jackson Mary Anne , Takahashi Masato , Shah Pinak B. , Kobayashi Tohru , Wu Mei-Hwan , Saji Tsutomu T. , Pahl Elfriede ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention
Published: March 2017

Background:
Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis of childhood that leads to coronary artery aneurysms in ≈25% of untreated cases. It has been reported worldwide and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries.

Methods and Results:

To revise the previous American Heart Association guidelines, a multidisciplinary writing group of experts was convened to review and appraise available evidence and practice-based opinion, as well as to provide updated recommendations for diagnosis, treatment of the acute illness, and long-term management. Although the cause remains unknown, discussion sections highlight new insights into the epidemiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, natural history, and long-term outcomes. Prompt diagnosis is essential, and an updated algorithm defines supplemental information to be used to assist the diagnosis when classic clinical criteria are incomplete. Although intravenous immune globulin is the mainstay of initial treatment, the role for additional primary therapy in selected patients is discussed. Approximately 10% to 20% of patients do not respond to initial intravenous immune globulin, and recommendations for additional therapies are provided. Careful initial management of evolving coronary artery abnormalities is essential, necessitating an increased frequency of assessments and escalation of thromboprophylaxis. Risk stratification for long-term management is based primarily on maximal coronary artery luminal dimensions, normalized as
Z
scores, and is calibrated to both past and current involvement. Patients with aneurysms require life-long and uninterrupted cardiology follow-up.

Conclusions:
These recommendations provide updated and best evidence-based guidance to healthcare providers who diagnose and manage Kawasaki disease, but clinical decision making should be individualized to specific patient circumstances.
Visualizing Localized Reentry With Ultra–High Density Mapping in Iatrogenic Atrial Tachycardia
Authors: Luther Vishal , Sikkel Markus , Bennett Nathan , Guerrero Fernando , Leong Kevin , Qureshi Norman , Ng Fu Siong , Hayat Sajad A. , Sohaib S.M. Afzal , Malcolme-Lawes Louisa , Lim Elaine , Wright Ian , Koa-Wing Michael , Lefroy David C. , Linton Nick W.F. , Whinnett Zachary , Kanagaratnam Prapa , Davies D. Wyn , Peters Nicholas S. , Lim Phang Boon 
Published: March 2017

Background—
The activation pattern of localized reentry (LR) in atrial tachycardia remains incompletely understood. We used the ultra–high density Rhythmia mapping system to study activation patterns in LR.

Methods and Results—
LR was suggested by small rotatory activations (carousels) containing the full spectrum of the color-coded map. Twenty-three left-sided atrial tachycardias were mapped in 15 patients (age: 64±11 years). 16 253±9192 points were displayed per map, collected over 26±14 minutes. A total of 50 carousels were identified (median 2; quartiles 1–3 per map), although this represented LR in only n=7 out of 50 (14%): here, rotation occurred around a small area of scar (<0.03 mV; 12±6 mm diameter). In LR, electrograms along the carousel encompassed the full tachycardia cycle length, and surrounding activation moved away from the carousel in all directions. Ablating fractionated electrograms (117±18 ms; 44±13% of tachycardia cycle length) within the carousel interrupted the tachycardia in every LR case. All remaining carousels were pseudo-reentrant (n=43/50 [86%]) occurring in areas of wavefront collision (n=21; median 0.5; quartiles 0–2 per map) or as artifact because of annotation of noise or interpolation in areas of incomplete mapping (n=22; median 1, quartiles 0–2 per map). Pseudo-reentrant carousels were incorrectly ablated in 5 cases having been misinterpreted as LR.

Conclusions—
The activation pattern of LR is of small stable rotational activations (carousels), and this drove 30% (7/23) of our postablation atrial tachycardias. However, this appearance is most often pseudo-reentrant and must be differentiated by interpretation of electrograms in the candidate circuit and activation in the wider surrounding region.
Sex‐Specific Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid and Risk of Stroke: A Dose‐Response Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Zhong Chongke , Zhong Xiaoyan , Xu Tian , Xu Tan , Zhang Yonghong 
Published: March 2017

Background

Conflicting findings of the association between serum uric acid (
UA
) and stroke have been reported in both men and women, and it is unclear whether this association was different between men and women. We preformed this meta‐analysis to assess the sex‐specific effect of serum
UA
on the risk of stroke and its subtypes.

Methods and Results

Prospective studies that reported sex‐specific association of
UA
levels with stroke or reported in a certain sex were included. Dose‐response relationships were assessed by the generalized least squares trend estimation, and summary effect estimates were evaluated with random‐effect models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the potential sources of heterogeneity and the robustness of the pooled estimation. Altogether, 13 prospective studies were identified in this study. The summary of relative risks (95% CIs) of stroke for a 1‐mg/dL increase in serum
UA
levels were 1.10 (1.05–1.14) for men and 1.11 (1.09–1.13) for women. There is no significant difference in the effect of
UA
on future stroke risk between men and women (
P
interaction
=0.736). Subgroup analyses showed that the significant associations persisted in most stratifications, and sensitivity analyses according to various inclusion criteria yielded similar results. A nonlinear relationship was observed in men (
P
non‐linearity
<0.001), with risk increasing significantly from a
UA
of 6 mg/dL and more steeply at higher
UA
levels.

Conclusions

Elevated serum
UA
levels were significantly associated with modestly increased risk of stroke in both men and women and have similar adverse effects on development of stroke in both sexes.
Structure and Environment of Polar Mesocyclones over the Northeastern Part of the Sea of Japan
Authors: Watanabe Shun-ichi I. , Niino Hiroshi , Yanase Wataru 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Polar mesocyclones (PMCs) are mesoscale cyclonic vortices that develop poleward of the main polar front. The Sea of Japan is one region where PMCs frequently occur during winter. In this paper, the general characteristics of the structure and environment of PMCs that form over the northeastern part of the Sea of Japan and move southward are examined using composite analysis and numerical simulation. The composite analyses show that the synoptic-scale environment of the PMCs is characterized by a zonal temperature gradient at lower levels and a trough accompanied by cold air at upper levels. These elements of the environmental field form a reverse shear. The mesoscale structure of the PMCs exhibits characteristics of baroclinic development, while it is also accompanied by condensational heating. The numerical simulation in which the composite fields are used for the initial and boundary conditions successfully reproduces a realistic PMC. In this numerical simulation, the mesoscale structures are almost smoothed out in the initial and boundary fields, indicating that the PMCs spontaneously form and develop when the large-scale environment becomes favorable. Sensitivity experiments in which moisture is removed demonstrate that condensational heating is crucial for the genesis and development of the PMC. The sensitivity experiments also show that the warm sea surface temperature in the Strait of Tartary and the Sea of Japan to the west of Hokkaido Island, and the topography of the Sikhote-Alin mountain region provide favorable conditions for the development of the PMCs.
Study of the results in the acquisition of core competencies in schools that integrate primary education and music
Authors: Andreu Duran Maria , Godall Castell Pere , Amador Guillem Miquel , Castro Morera Maria 
Published: March 2017

The goal of this research was to carry out an exploratory study on how music education integrated into primary schooling (children from 6 to 12 years old) can help in acquiring the core competencies characteristic of this stage. The study was conducted by developing a validated instrument, pilot-tested for reliability, to assess the eight core competencies. Pupils in their final year of primary education in the two schools integrating primary education and music that exist in Catalonia were evaluated by comparing them with a control group from ordinary schools. The results of the research show that, although music pupils do not attend more than the minimum number of class contact hours legally established for all curriculum areas (except the arts), they obtained better results when performing a test on all the core competencies.