bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BMP signalling is critical for maintaining homeostasis of hair follicles and intestine in adult mice
Authors: Nag Aditi , Nigam Pallavi , Narayanan Abhishek L. , Kumar Megha , Ghosal Ritika , Sen Jonaki , Bandyopadhyay Amitabha 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBMP signalling play critical roles during embryonic development, however, its roles have not been extensively studied in the maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis. In this study we have used temporal knock out ofBmp2andBmp4to uncover the role of BMP signalling in adult mice. We observed rapid changes in the adult hair follicles and the intestine within two days of depleting BMP signalling, which demonstrates the critical and acute requirement of BMP signalling in maintaining homeostasis in these tissues. In addition, our study demonstrates that while BMP signalling is required for maintenance of quiescence in telogen hair follicles, it is needed for survival and proliferation in late anagen hair follicles. Our study also reveals differential requirement of BMP signalling in differentiation of distinct intestinal cell types. In addition, Loss of BMP signalling rapidly promotes early neoplastic transformations in mouse intestine.
Plasticity of theMFS1promoter leads to multi drug resistance in the wheat pathogenZymoseptoria tritici
Authors: Omrane Selim , Audéon Colette , Ignace Amandine , Duplaix Clémentine , Aouini Lamia , Kema Gert , Walker Anne-Sophie , Fillinger Sabine 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe ascomyceteZymoseptoria triticiis the causal agent of septoria leaf blotch on wheat. Disease control relies mainly on resistant wheat cultivars and on fungicide applications. The fungus displays a high potential to circumvent both methods. Resistance against all unisite fungicides has been observed over decades. A different type of resistance has emerged among wild populations with multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. Active fungicide efflux through overexpression of the major-facilitator gene,MFS1,explains this emerging resistance mechanism. In this study, we identified as responsible mutations three types of inserts in theMFS1promoter, two of which harboring potential transcription factor binding sites. We show, that type I insertion leads toMFS1overexpression and consequently to MDR. Interestingly, all three inserts correspond to repeated elements of theZ. triticigenome.These results underline the plasticity of repeated elements leading to fungicide resistance inZ. triticiand which contribute to its adaptive potential.
GHOST: Recovering Historical Signal from Heterotachously-evolved Sequence Alignments
Authors: Crotty Stephen M , Minh Bui Quang , Bean Nigel G , Holland Barbara R , Tuke Jonathan , Jermiin Lars S , Haeseler Arndt von 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMolecular sequence data that have evolved under the influence of heterotachous evolutionary processes are known to mislead phylogenetic inference. We introduce the General Heterogeneous evolution On a Single Topology (GHOST) model of sequence evolution, implemented under a maximum-likelihood framework in the phylogenetic program IQ-TREE (http://www.iqtree.org). Simulations show that using the GHOST model, IQ-TREE can accurately recover the tree topology, branch lengths and substitution model parameters from heterotachously-evolved sequences. We develop a model selection algorithm based on simulation results, and investigate the performance of the GHOST model on empirical data by sampling phylogenomic alignments of varying lengths from a plastome alignment. We then carry out inference under the GHOST model on a phylogenomic dataset composed of 248 genes from 16 taxa, where we find the GHOST model concurs with the currently accepted view, placing turtles as a sister lineage of archosaurs, in contrast to results obtained using traditional variable rates-across-sites models. Finally, we apply the model to a dataset composed of a sodium channel gene of 11 fish taxa, finding that the GHOST model is able to infer a subtle component of the historical signal, linked to the previously established convergent evolution of the electric organ in two geographically distinct lineages of electric fish. We compare inference under the GHOST model to partitioning by codon position and show that, owing to the minimization of model constraints, the GHOST model is able to offer unique biological insights when applied to empirical data.
HIGH RESOLUTION ANNOTATION OF ZEBRAFISH TRANSCRIPTOME USING LONG-READ SEQUENCING
Authors: Nudelman German , Frasca Antonio , Kent Brandon , Edepli-Sadler Kirsten , Sealfon Stuart C. , Walsh Martin J. , Zaslavsky Elena 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTWith the emergence of zebrafish as an important model organism, a concerted effort has been made to study its transcriptome. This effort is limited, however, by gaps in zebrafish annotation, which are especially pronounced concerning transcripts dynamically expressed during zygotic genome activation (ZGA). To date, short read sequencing has been the principal technology for zebrafish transcriptome annotation. In part because these sequence reads are too short for assembly methods to resolve the full complexity of the transcriptome, the current annotation is rudimentary. By providing direct observation of full-length transcripts, recently refined long-read sequencing platforms can dramatically improve annotation coverage and accuracy. Here, we leveraged the SMRT platform to study transcriptome of zebrafish embryos before and after ZGA. Our analysis revealed additional novelty and complexity in the zebrafish transcriptome, identifying 2748 high confidence novel transcripts that originated from previously unannotated loci and 1835 high confidence new isoforms in previously annotated genes. We validated these findings using a suite of computational approaches including structural prediction, sequence homology and functional conservation analyses, as well as by confirmatory transcript quantification with short-read sequencing data. Our analyses provided insight into new homologs and paralogs of functionally important proteins and non-coding RNAs, isoform switching occurrences and different classes of novel splicing events. Several novel isoforms representing distinct splicing events were validated through PCR experiments, including the discovery and validation of a novel 8 kb transcript spanning multiple miR-430 elements, an important driver of early development. Our study provides a significantly improved zebrafish transcriptome annotation resource.
The roles of Conserved Domains in DEMETER-Mediated Active DNA Demethylationin planta
Authors: Zhang Changqing , Hung Yu-Hung , Zhang Xiang-Qian , Zhang Dapeng , Xiao Wenyan , Iyer Lakshminarayan M. , Aravind L. , Huh Jin Hoe , Hsieh Tzung-Fu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDNA methylation plays critical roles in maintaining genome stability, genomic imprinting, transposon silencing, and development. In Arabidopsis genomic imprinting is established in the central cell by DEMETER (DME)-mediated active DNA demethylation, and is essential for seed viability. DME is a large polypeptide with multiple poorly characterized conserved domains. Here we show that the C-terminal enzymatic core of DME is sufficient to complementdmeassociated developmental defects. When targeted by a native DME promoter, nuclear-localized DME C-terminal region rescuesdmeseed abortion and pollen germination defects, and ameliorates CG hypermethylation phenotype indme-2endosperm. Furthermore, targeted expression of the DME N-terminal region in wild-type central cell inducesdme-like seed abortion phenotype. Our results support a bipartite organization for DME protein, and suggest that the N-terminal region might have regulatory function such as assisting in DNA binding and enhancing the processivity of active DNA demethylation in heterochromatin targets.
Electronic resource management (ERM) in libraries of management institutes in India
Authors: Patra Nihar Kanta 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to examine and analyse the status and differences in different components of e-resources management of business/management school libraries in India. It also examines the factors responsible for criteria/methods used in the life cycle of e-resources and e-resource management (ERM) system.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses convenient sampling method as the management institutes in India are many and scattered around India. A suitably designed questionnaire has been prepared and sent to the libraries. Data collected from the librarians/library in-charge on managing e-resources in their libraries selected under study were entered into SPSS software for analysis. Further, coding and decoding of data are being done for analysis. Simple cross tabulation, simple statistical tools like mean and standard deviations and advanced statistical tools like ANOVA, chi-square test and multiple regression analysis, etc. have been applied for analysis.

Findings
E-resources management is one of the most important concepts in any academic library. After automation and digitization of library resources, there is a challenge for library professional to manage this tremendous increase in e-resources. In this study, it is observed that all libraries are not following all the steps of different components of ERM such as selection, evaluation, acquisition, license agreement and renewal/cancelation of e-resource which are essential for the better management of e-resources. The voluminous e-resource can easily be managed through the ERM system. However, this study found that better management of e-resources directly effected by the facilities of IT infrastructures available in the library and proportion of non-professional staff to total staff.

Research limitations/implications
This study is confined to 38 libraries of ranked management institutes/business schools in India based on the report published in Business India, Business World and Business Today. This study is confined to issues relating to e-resources collection development, the status of IT infrastructure, life-cycle process of e-resources and tools and technology implemented to manage e-resources.

Originality/value
This paper provides how electronic resources are being managed by business/management school libraries in India. What are the methods/criteria they are being used in different components of the life cycle of e-resources management? In this paper, the hypothesis has been tested by using simple and advance statistical tools.
Analysis of technological, individual and community factors influencing the use of popular Web 2.0 tools in LIS education
Authors: Barhoumi Chokri 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
This research paper aims to explore the technological, individual and community factors influencing the use of popular Web 2.0 tools in library and information science (LIS) education to prepare LIS students for Library 2.0. The study was guided by the activity theory (AT) and technology acceptance model (TAM) of Davis as a lens. The study reveals a set of factors concerning the technical tools, subjective perceptions, goals of online discussion, social presence within a community, rules for participation and roles of the participants that affect their online engagement patterns.

Design/methodology/approach
This study was performed during the 2015 academic year; it used a descriptive analytical research approach for exploring and analysing technological, individual and community factors influencing the use of the popular Web 2.0 tools in LIS education.

Findings
The results show that at the technological level of the AT, educators in the sample found the WhatsApp instant messaging and Twitter to be the easiest tools to use, selecting those tools at, respectively, 73.2 per cent (standard deviation = 0.450) and 61.1 per cent (standard deviation = 0.490). WhatsApp and Twitter also lead at the individual level of the AT, as the most valuable platforms for sharing information and knowledge. Video, text and photo objects are the most commonly shared items, used by 90.7, 93.5 and 98.9 per cent, respectively.

Originality/value
This study may be useful to help information science educators to prepare graduates for the emerging Web 2.0 environments and to prepare students for Library 2.0.
Understanding mobile learning adoption in higher education
Authors: Gan Chunmei , Li Hongxiu , Liu Yong 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
This study aims to examine the factors driving an individual’s behavioural intention to adopt mobile learning in higher education.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from university students in China via a survey. A total of 192 valid responses were collected. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the research model.

Findings
The results show that both task and technology characteristics have significant impacts on task-technology fit (TTF), which in turn influences attitude. And attitude significantly affects behavioural intention. Regarding the factors, attitude was found to be the most influential predictor of mobile library adoption intention. In addition, the results provide strong support for the moderating effects of gender and experience on the relationship between TTF and behavioural intention.

Originality/value
Extant research on mobile learning has mainly focused on investigating how user perceptions of mobile technology affect user adoption but has rarely considered the impact of TTF. This study attempts to fill this gap.
CSR and cost of capital: evidence from Japan
Authors: Suto Megumi , Takehara Hitoshi 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThis study aims to examine the link between corporate social performance (CSP) and the cost of capital of Japanese firms in 2008-2013, considering the influences of banking relationships and ownership structure.Design/methodology/approachIt examines the relation between CSP and the cost of capital in terms of the cost of debt, cost of equity and weighted average cost of capital, using a composite CSP measure based on stakeholder relationships. A regression model is adopted, controlling for bank dependency, ownership structure and firm-specific attributes.FindingsInstitutional ownership influences the CSP–cost of equity relation and reduces the cost of equity, while CSP is perceived by debtors as not information-mitigating for the observed period. For 2008-2010, the relation between CSP and bank dependency increases the cost of debt; however, the positive influence of bank dependency on the cost of debt dilutes during 2010-2013 as the shift to a more market-oriented financial market in Japan occurs.Practical implicationsAlthough bank borrowing is important, especially for small firms, non-financial disclosure makes external financing more flexible. Institutional investors concerned about the non-financial aspects of business, therefore, play an important role in mitigating the information asymmetry that exists in the capital market.Originality/valueThis study extends research on the CSP–cost of capital link by considering structural changes in financial systems (e.g. capital market perception of CSP and banks as delegated monitors).
Fluid‐driven interfacial instabilities and turbulence in bacterial biofilms
Authors: Fabbri Stefania , Li Jian , Howlin Robert P. , Rmaile Amir , Gottenbos Bart , De Jager Marko , Starke E. Michelle , Aspiras Marcelo , Ward Marilyn T. , Cogan Nicholas G. , Stoodley Paul 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBiofilms are thin layers of bacteria embedded within a slime matrix that live on surfaces. They are ubiquitous in nature and responsible for many medical and dental infections, industrial fouling and are also evident in ancient fossils. A biofilm structure is shaped by growth, detachment and response to mechanical forces acting on them. The main contribution to biofilm versatility in response to physical forces is the matrix that provides a platform for the bacteria to grow. The interaction between biofilm structure and hydrodynamics remains a fundamental question concerning biofilm dynamics. Here, we document the appearance of ripples and wrinkles in biofilms grown from three species of bacteria when subjected to high‐velocity fluid flows. Linear stability analysis suggested that the ripples were Kelvin–Helmholtz Instabilities. The analysis also predicted a strong dependence of the instability formation on biofilm viscosity explaining the different surface corrugations observed. Turbulence through Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities occurring at the interface demonstrated that the biofilm flows like a viscous liquid under high flow velocities applied within milliseconds. Biofilm fluid‐like behavior may have important implications for our understanding of how fluid flow influences biofilm biology since turbulence will likely disrupt metabolite and signal gradients as well as community stratification.
The tie that divides: Cross‐national evidence of the primacy of partyism
Authors: WESTWOOD SEAN J. , IYENGAR SHANTO , WALGRAVE STEFAAN , LEONISIO RAFAEL , MILLER LUIS , STRIJBIS OLIVER 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUsing evidence from Great Britain, the United States, Belgium and Spain, it is demonstrated in this article that in integrated and divided nations alike, citizens are more strongly attached to political parties than to the social groups that the parties represent. In all four nations, partisans discriminate against their opponents to a degree that exceeds discrimination against members of religious, linguistic, ethnic or regional out‐groups. This pattern holds even when social cleavages are intense and the basis for prolonged political conflict. Partisan animus is conditioned by ideological proximity; partisans are more distrusting of parties furthest from them in the ideological space. The effects of partisanship on trust are eroded when partisan and social ties collide. In closing, the article considers the reasons that give rise to the strength of ‘partyism’ in modern democracies.
The incidence and characteristics of 3‐month mortality after intraoperative cardiac arrest in adults
Authors: Hur M. , Lee H.‐C. , Lee K. H. , Kim J.‐T. , Jung C.‐W. , Park H.‐P. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThere is little information about clinical outcomes after intraoperative cardiac arrest (IOCA). We determined the incidence and characteristics of 3‐month mortality after IOCA.MethodsThe electronic medical records of 238,648 adult surgical patients from January 2005 to December 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Characteristics of IOCA were documented using the Utstein reporting template.ResultsIOCA occurred in 50 patients (21/100,000 surgeries). Nineteen patients died in the operating room, and further 12 patients died within 3 months post‐arrest (total mortality: 62%). Three survivors at 3 months post‐arrest had unfavourable neurological outcome. Finally, 34 patients showed unfavourable clinical outcomes at 3 months post‐arrest. The incidences of non‐cardiac surgery, emergency, pre‐operative intubation state, non‐shockable initial cardiac rhythm, hypovolaemic shock, pre‐operative complications‐induced cardiac arrest, non‐anaesthetic cause of cardiac arrest, intra‐ and post‐arrest transfusion, and continuous infusion of inotrope or vasopressor in intensive care unit (ICU) were significantly higher in non‐survivors at 3 months post‐arrest. Total epinephrine dose administrated during arrest was higher, and the duration of cardiac compressions was longer in non‐survivors at 3 months post‐arrest.ConclusionsIn this study, the incidence of IOCA was 21/100,000 surgeries and the 3‐month mortality rate after IOCA was 62%. Several factors including surgical emergency, non‐shockable initial cardiac rhythm, pre‐operative complications, surgical complications, long duration of cardiac compressions, high total epinephrine dose, transfusion, and continuous infusion of inotropes or vasopressors in ICU seemed to be risk factors for 3‐month mortality after IOCA. These risk factors should be considered in the light of relatively small sample size of this study.
Applying behavioural economics to public policy in Canada
Authors: French Robert , Oreopoulos Philip 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBehavioural economics incorporates ideas from psychology, sociology and neuroscience to better predict how individuals make long‐term decisions. Often the ideas adopted include present or inattention bias, both potentially leading to suboptimal outcomes. But these models also point to opportunities for effective, low‐cost government policies that can have meaningful positive effects on people's long‐term well‐being. The last decade has been marked by a growing interest from governments the world over in using behavioural economics to inform policy decisions. This is true of Canada as well. In this paper we discuss the increasingly important role behavioural economics plays in Canadian public policy. We first contextualize government policies that have incorporated insights from behavioural economics by outlining a collection of models of intertemporal choice. We then present examples of public policy initiatives that are based upon findings in the field, placing particular emphasis on Canadian initiatives. We also document future opportunities, challenges and limitations.
The nature, consequences, and management of neurological disorders in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Jabbari Bahman , Vaziri Nosratola D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPerhaps no other organ in the body is affected as often and in as many ways as the brain is in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several factors contribute to the neurological disorders in CKD including accumulation of uremic toxins, metabolic and hemodynamic disorders, oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired blood brain barrier among others. The neurological disorders in CKD involve both peripheral and central nervous system. The peripheral neurological symptoms of CKD are due to somatic and cranial peripheral neuropathies as well as a myopathy. The central neurological symptoms of CKD are due to the cortical predominantly cortical, or subcortical lesions. Cognitive decline, encephalopathy, cortical myoclonus, asterixis and epileptic seizures are distinct features of the cortical disorders of CKD. Diffuse white matter disease due to ischemia and hypoxia may be an important cause of subcortical encephalopathy. A special and more benign form of subcortical disorder caused by brain edema in CKD is termed posterior reversible encephalopathy. Subcortical pathology especially when it affects the basal ganglia causes a number of movement disorders including Parkinsonism, chorea and dystonia. A stimulus‐sensitive reflex myoclonus is believed to originate from the medullary structures. Sleep disorder and restless leg syndrome are common in CKD and have both central and peripheral origin. This article provides an overview of the available data on the nature, prevalence, pathophysiology, consequences and treatment of neurological complications of CKD.
Chitin and chitosan: biopolymers for wound management
Authors: Singh Rita , Shitiz Kirti , Singh Antaryami 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChitin and chitosan are biopolymers with excellent bioactive properties, such as biodegradability, non‐toxicity, biocompatibility, haemostatic activity and antimicrobial activity. A wide variety of biomedical applications for chitin and chitin derivatives have been reported, including wound‐healing applications. They are reported to promote rapid dermal regeneration and accelerate wound healing. A number of dressing materials based on chitin and chitosan have been developed for the treatment of wounds. Chitin and chitosan with beneficial intrinsic properties and high potential for wound healing are attractive biopolymers for wound management. This review presents an overview of properties, biomedical applications and the role of these biopolymers in wound care.