bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connect or detach: A transformative experience for medical students in end‐of‐life care
Authors: Ribeiro Diego Lima , Sacardo Daniele , Drzazga Grazyna , de Carvalho‐Filho Marco Antonio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractContextAt the beginning of clinical practice, medical students face complex end‐of‐life (EoL) decisions, such as limiting life‐sustaining therapies, which may precipitate emotionally charged moral dilemmas. Previous research shows these dilemmas may cause identity dissonance and impact students' personal and professional development. Despite the prevalence of such dilemmas, medical educators have limited insight into how students navigate these often emotional experiences. This study explores how medical students make sense of and deal with moral dilemmas lived during EoL's care.MethodsThis cross‐sectional qualitative study used thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke) to analyse interviews with 11 Brazilian final‐year medical students. The interviews followed the drawing of a rich picture representing moral dilemmas experienced by medical students when engaging with EoL care. The reporting of this study follows the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).ResultsParticipants highlighted four main themes when engaging with EoL care: ‘experiencing death’, ‘making decisions at the end‐of‐life’, ‘connecting versus detaching: an upsetting dilemma’ and ‘being transformed’. They described the emotional overwhelm of experiencing death and the uncertainty in navigating EoL decisions. The central moral dilemma faced was whether to connect with or detach from patients. This dilemma was lived in the context of a hidden curriculum that preaches emotional distancing as a coping mechanism. Developing the moral courage to overcome this barrier and choosing to connect became a transformative experience, significantly impacting their personal and professional development and reinforcing their commitment to patient‐centred care.ConclusionConnecting with patients in EoL care involves breaking cultural norms to establish meaningful connections with patients aiming for compassionate care. This process may lead to identity dissonance and also represents an opportunity for transformative learning. Educators can support this transformative process by legitimating students' connections with patients, teaching emotional regulation strategies, and leveraging personal experiences to foster trust.
Effects of Project‐Based Learning on Entrepreneurship Skills and Characteristics of Nursing Students
Authors: Chularee Saranya , Tapin Jintana , Chainok Lakkhana , Chiaranai Chantira 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTEntrepreneurship is pivotal globally, reflecting a nation's potential. Effective education management is crucial for fostering an entrepreneurial mindset in nursing students. This cross‐sectional quasi‐experimental study, using a one‐group pretest‐posttest design, examines the impact of project‐based learning on nursing students' entrepreneurial skills at the Institute of Nursing, Suranaree University of Technology. The sample included 59 fourth‐year nursing students from the third semester of the 2022 academic year. A validated proactive teaching and learning management plan based on project‐based learning was used. Research instruments were entrepreneurship skills and entrepreneurial characteristics assessment forms, with reliability coefficients of 0.71 and 0.83, respectively. Data collection spanned 6 weeks, analyzed with paired t‐tests and ANCOVA to test mean differences after controlling covariates. Findings showed a statistically significant improvement in entrepreneurial skills and characteristics post‐learning (p < 0.05). ANCOVA results, accounting for baseline scores and GPA, confirmed the project‐based learning intervention's significant and robust impact on entrepreneurial skills and characteristics. Active learning through project‐based approaches significantly enhances entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial characteristics among nursing students, with potential applicability across diverse disciplines.
Seventy‐five years of impactful environmental and occupational health research at the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine at New York University
Authors: Bosland Maarten C. , Gordon Terry , Solomon Jerome J. , Shore Roy E. , Lippmann Morton 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFounded in 1947 as the Institute of Industrial Medicine, the Nelson Institute and Department of Environmental Medicine at New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSOM) was supported by a National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS) Center Grant for over 56 years. Nelson Institute researchers generated 75 years of impactful research in environmental and occupational health, radiation effects, toxicology, and cancer. Environmental health research is continuing at NYUGSOM in its departments of medicine and population health. The objective of this historical commentary is to highlight the major achievements of the Nelson Institute and the department in the context of its history at facilities in Sterling Forest, Tuxedo, NY and Manhattan, NY. Aspects of our discussion include leadership, physical facilities, and research in many areas, including air pollution, health effects of environmental radiation exposures, inhalation toxicology methodology, carcinogenesis by chemicals, metals, and hormones, cancer chemoprevention, human microbiome, ecotoxicology, epidemiology, biostatistics, and community health concerns. The research of the institute and department benefited from unique facilities, strong leadership focused on team‐based science, and outstanding investigators, students, and staff. A major lasting contribution has been the training of hundreds of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, many of whom have been and are training the next generation of environmental and occupational health researchers at various institutions.
Does public officials' risk preference differ in self versus public decision‐making? It depends on decision framing and bet size
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Wen Xin , Mao Hongqin , Xu Ran , Zhang Shuwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPsychological distance theory and social value theory suggest there is a risk difference in self versus other decision‐making. On this basis, this study explores whether public officials' risk preferences differ in self versus public decision‐making. Inspired by prospect theory, the decision framing and bet size are further considered as the decision‐making conditions. Through a survey experiment using Chinese public officials, this study finds that, compared with decision‐making for themselves, public officials have a lower risk preference in decision‐making for the public. In addition, this risk preference difference occurs under the conditions of a gain frame and larger bet size. Conversely, under the condition of a loss frame and smaller bet size, the risk preference difference disappears. This study reveals public officials' risk pattern in self versus public decision‐making, which has significant implications for managing risk in public decision‐making and guiding those officials to make better decisions for the public.
Recognizing Identity Fluidity in Demographic Research
Authors: Saperstein Aliya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStandard demographic research has typically constrained the existence of identity fluidity, assuming that demographic categories such as race or ethnicity and sex or gender should be static across the life course and measuring them as such. However, recent research and changes in data collection practices highlight the limitations of this approach by demonstrating fluidity in both racial and gender identities that rivals levels of fluidity in other identity categories, such as sexual orientation, that are more commonly seen as changeable over time. This review examines what is known about current levels of fluidity in gender, sexual orientation, and racial identities as well as known correlates and consequences for research on inequality, based primarily but not exclusively on research conducted in the United States. The implications of fluid identities for data collection and analysis, as well as prospects for future levels of fluidity, are also discussed.
Photobiological response of mast cells to green and red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) in cutaneous burns
Authors: Gonçalves Rhuan Isllan dos Santos , Neto José de Alencar Fernandes , Pereira Joabe dos Santos , Nonaka Cassiano Francisco Weege , Catão Maria Helena Chaves de Vasconcelos 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study assessed the effects of red and green LEDs on mast cells (MCs) in third‐degree burns in 75 Wistar rats, divided into control, red LED (RED), and green LED (GREEN) groups. Animals were irradiated daily with RED (630 nm, 300 mW, 0.779 W/cm2, 9 J/cm2, 30 s) and GREEN (520 nm, 180 mW, 0.467 W/cm2, 60 J/cm2, 30 s). Histological sections stained with toluidine blue were analyzed for total and subtype MCs. Standardized MC counting was performed across the viable lesion area, considering lesion margins, through intact connective tissue and the integrity of skin appendages. No statistically significant differences in MCs 2 (with released granules and intact cell border) were found between groups. Irradiated groups showed increased total MCs at 7, 14, and 21 days (p < 0.05), with a decrease in MCs 1 (intact MCs) at all time points compared to control (p < 0.05). Significant changes in MCs 3 (with massive degranulation and partial or complete disintegration of the cell border) degranulation were noted in RED at 7, 14, and 21 days (p < 0.009) and in GREEN at 14 (p < 0.009) and 32 days (p < 0.028). Results suggest red and green LEDs modulate MC recruitment and degranulation in third‐degree burns.
Beyond victimhood and perpetration: Reconstruction of the ingroup's historical role in eight Eastern and Western European countries under Nazi occupation
Authors: Kazarovytska Fiona , Imhoff Roland , Hirschberger Gilad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Nazi regime's aggressive expansion across Europe during WWII created a landscape of suffering, resistance, and collaboration. How do lay Europeans today reconstruct their ingroup's roles during Nazi occupation, and how do different role representations relate to defensive responses aimed at protecting the ingroup from threat? We tested two theoretical predictions: Following the identity threat prediction, we expected that denying culpability but endorsing morally favorable group representations (e.g., victim‐heroism) would represent an ingroup‐defensive strategy, correlating with other defensive responses, such as victim‐directed negativity or victim‐blaming. Following the identity management prediction, we expected that precisely accepting culpability and acknowledging threatening representations (e.g., willing collaboration with Germans) would form the basis for a defensive stance and thus correlate with defensive intergroup reactions. Analyzing data from nine European samples spanning eight countries (N = 5474), we found support for the identity management prediction in six contexts: Lay representations as willing collaborators were associated with negative collective emotions and correlated with victim‐directed negativity, whereas victim‐hero representations showed no such connections. The remaining three countries revealed a mixture of the two identity accounts. We discuss implications for understanding historical representations and identity protection in groups that were both victims and perpetrators of massive intergroup atrocities.
A cross‐cultural test of competing hypotheses about system justification using data from 42 nations
Authors: Valdes Evan A. , Liu James H. , Williams Matt , Carr Stuart C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSystem justification theory (SJT) is a thriving field of research, wherein the primary questions revolve around why individuals and groups are motivated to see the systems they depend on as just, fair, and legitimate. This article seeks to answer how accurate the postulates of SJT are when compared to competing self‐interest claims of social identity and social dominance theory. We addressed the ongoing debates among proponents of each theory by identifying who, when, and why individuals decide to system‐justify. We used data comprised of 24,009 participants nested within 42 countries. Multilevel models largely supported the competing claims of social dominance and social identity theories over SJT. The most robust findings were: (1) greater objective socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with greater system justification; (2) the consistent positive relationship between subjective SES and system justification was partially mediated by life satisfaction; and (3) both ends of the political spectrum were willing to system‐justify more when the political party they favored was in power. The results presented are used to discuss both the current state and the future directions for system justification research.
Artistic Expertise and Free Viewing of Modern Art
Authors: Sorek Yishai , Nahari Tal , Pertzov Yoni 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Visual art and vision science had long been intertwined, both revealing and sharing countless insights on human vision over their respective histories. Deep artistic experiences and extensive artistic knowledge are often associated with “artistic expertise,” which in vision science traditionally echoes visual expertise from other professional domains (e.g., medicine, sports, driving). However, unlike other visual domains, artistic experiences involve more spontaneous and imaginative aspects, and no explicit success parameters. We hypothesized that viewing of artworks would lead to nuanced effects of expertise that may differ from other types of visual expertise. In our study, art experts and non-experts observed modern paintings and were free to view them within a relatively long time window. Higher expertise in art was associated with viewing modern paintings for significantly longer durations, and liking the paintings significantly more. However, contrary to other visual expertise studies, eye movement patterns exhibited little to no effect of artistic expertise. Based on these findings, we suggest a recontextualization of visual artistic expertise and discuss potential research directions, alongside methodological challenges in the experimental design.
Providing Emotional Support During the Process of Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis (PrEliMS): A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: das Nair Roshan , Mhizha-Murira Jacqueline R , Topcu Gogem , Tindall Tierney , Bale Clare , Moghaddam Nima , Scheffler-Ansari Grit , Drummond Avril , Fitzsimmons Deborah , Evangelou Nikos 
Published: September 2024

Objectives To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an emotional support programme for newly diagnosed people with multiple sclerosis. Design Three-arm, mixed methods, randomised controlled trial comparing usual care, versus usual care plus nurse-specialist support, versus usual care plus nurse-specialist support plus peer support. Participants Community-dwelling adults within two years of diagnosis or undergoing diagnosis. Interventions PrEliMS involves information provision, emotional support, and strategies and techniques based on psychoeducation, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy principles, supportive listening. One version of the intervention was provided by nurse-specialists alone and the other was provided by nurse-specialists plus peer support. Main measures The main outcome of interest was the feasibility of proceeding to a definitive trial, exploring recruitment rate, acceptability, completion of outcome measures (perceived stress, mood, self-efficacy, psychological impact, and service use), and signal of efficacy. Results Of 40 participants randomised (mean age 36.2 years (SD = 14.8); 54% women; 85% with relapsing-remitting MS), 36 and 38 returned 3- and 6-month questionnaires, respectively. Participant interviews suggested the trial was largely feasible, and the intervention acceptable, with some amendments to trial procedures and intervention delivery noted. There were, however, no statistically significant differences between groups at followup for any measures, and effect-size estimates were small. Conclusion A definitive trial combining nurse-specialist and peer support adjustment to diagnosis intervention is warranted, but more work exploring the delivery and fidelity of the intervention is needed before this is pursued
English Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Knee Numeric-Entity Evaluation Score (KNEES-ACL): A Condition-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Marmura Hana , Bryant Dianne M. , Hansen Christian F. , Brodersen John B. , Krogsgaard Michael , Dhanoya Saveen , Getgood Alan M.J. 
Published: September 2024

Background: The Knee Numeric-Entity Evaluation Score (KNEES-ACL) is a 41-item condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that was developed for patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency and patients after ACL reconstruction. This measure is intended to be used for longitudinal clinical studies. The KNEES-ACL has demonstrated face and content validity and superior responsiveness compared with other PROMs commonly used in patients with an ACL injury. However, this PROM was developed in Danish and has not been appropriately translated and culturally adapted into North American English. Purpose: To translate and culturally adapt the KNEES-ACL from Danish to North American English. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Translation from Danish to English and cultural adaptation to a North American context were performed according to the dual panel method. First, the Danish KNEES-ACL was translated by a bilingual panel, which provided multiple English wording options for each item. Second, an English lay panel focus group was formed to determine the wording for each item that best reflected everyday spoken language. Finally, individual think-aloud cognitive interviews were conducted with patients after an ACL injury to evaluate the relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of the PROM content and questions. Repeated modifications and testing were performed until a final English version of the KNEES-ACL was constructed. Results: Participants in the lay panel focus group were able to reach unanimous decisions for each of the 41 items. Further changes to 17 items were made after 8 think-aloud interviews with patients with ACL injuries at various time points to ensure that items were relevant and being interpreted consistently among different types of patients. The final KNEES-ACL consisted of 6 domains: Problems with Daily Activities, Mental Impact, Stability, Strength and Control, Pain, and Sport and Physical Activity. Conclusion: The English KNEES-ACL for patients with ACL injuries has undergone appropriate translation and cultural adaptation using established dual panel and cognitive interviewing methods in the population of interest. The psychometric properties of the English KNEES-ACL will likely mirror those established with the Danish version. However, direct validation of the psychometric properties of the English version would be beneficial before widespread use.
Pain Sensitization and Association With Baseline Factors in Elderly Patients With Distal Radius Fracture: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gutiérrez-Espinoza Héctor , Araya-Quintanilla Felipe , Gutiérrez-Monclus Rodrigo , Valenzuela-Fuenzalida Juan , Hagert Elisabet , Rein Susanne 
Published: September 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the presence of pain sensitization (PS) and its association with baseline factors after cast removal in patients older than 60 years with distal radius fracture (DRF) treated conservatively. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 220 patients older than 60 years with extra-articular DRF who completed the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ). Patients with PSQ score > 7 points were considered positive for PS. In addition, sociodemographic, anthropometrics, clinical, radiological, lifestyle behaviors, pain-related psychological factors, and functional outcomes were analyzed as baseline predictors, all measured were performed 2 weeks after cast removal. Results: A total of 159 patients (72.3%) showed PS. The results showed an association between higher values of PSQ-total with the affected dominant hand (β = 1.1; P = 0.04), high energy of injury (β = 3.5; P < .001), extra-articular comminuted metaphyseal DRFs (β = 1.8; P < .001), lower values of Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity questionnaire (β = 3.1; P < .001), higher values of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (β = 2.5; P < .001), higher values of Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (β = 1.9; P < .001), higher values of Pain Catastrophizing Scale (β = 1.8; P < .001), higher values of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (β = 1.6; P < .001), lower values of grip strength (β = 1.4; P < .001) and higher values of Visual analog scale (β = 4.2; P < .001). Conclusions: A high percentage of patients older than 60 years with extra-articular DRFs present PS at 2 weeks after cast removal. Our results may help physicians and physiotherapists identify risk and/or prognostic baseline factors for the occurrence of PS after DRF, and the need for a therapeutic approach that incorporates the clinical management of this condition in these patients.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging With a Novel Hip Flexion Scanning Position for Diagnosing Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy
Authors: Jokela Aleksi , Niemi Pekka , Koski Ilona , Kosola Jussi , Valle Xavier , Pruna Ricard , Orava Sakari , Pedret Carles , Balius Ramon , Pasta Giulio , Sinikumpu Juha-Jaakko , Mäkelä Keijo , Lempainen Lasse 
Published: September 2024

Background: Making a diagnosis of proximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT) may be challenging, as patients with correlating clinical symptoms may have normal or minimal findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a novel hip flexion (HF) scanning position on the MRI diagnosis of PHT. It was hypothesized that the HF position, which simulates the symptom-provoking sitting position, would reveal PHT pathology more accurately than the standard scanning position. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients with chronic PHT symptoms were included. Chronicity was defined as symptoms that were present for >3 months. Each patient underwent an MRI in 2 parts: (1) the standard pelvic examination in the supine position and (2) the novel HF position in which the patient lays on his or her side with the hip at 90° of flexion. Tendon insertion areas of the semimembranosus and the biceps femoris were analyzed independently by 2 experienced musculoskeletal radiologists, and the findings were classified as normal, tendinosis, or rupture. The MRI findings for both the standard and HF positions were compared in every patient, and the percentage of different diagnoses between the 2 MRI positions was reported. Results: In total, 38 patients (67 tendons) were analyzed. In 71% of the patients, the HF position revealed more severe injury than the standard position. The HF position showed a rupture in 16% of the tendons, with findings classified as tendinosis in the standard position. Of the tendons diagnosed as normal in the standard position, 6% were classified as rupture and 11% as tendinosis in the HF position. Conclusion: The novel HF scanning position offered additional value in the diagnosis of PHT in symptomatic patients when compared with the standard hip-in-neutral position. This position can improve the diagnostics of PHT, especially if an athlete or an active patient with gluteal area pain has normal or minimal MRI findings in the standard position.