bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The changing trends and profile of pneumocystosis mortality in the United States, 1999‐2014
Authors: Wickramasekaran Ranjana N. , Jewell Mirna Ponce , Sorvillo Frank , Kuo Tony 
Published: June 2017

SummaryPneumocystosis (PCP) mortality in the U.S. has received less attention in recent years. This study describes recent trends in mortality and the estimated burden ofPCPin the U.S., using the national multiple cause of death data during 1999‐2014.PCPmortality rates were calculated for age, sex, race and year. Demographic differences were presented for decedents with and without a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co‐diagnosis. Matched odds ratios (MOR) were generated to describe associations between non‐HIVconditions andPCPmortality. In total, 11 512PCPdeaths occurred during 1999‐2014. Annual age‐adjustedPCPmortality decreased over this time period, from 0.479 to 0.154 per 100 000 population (1999 vs 2014 respectively). Over two‐thirds of decedents were male and Blacks had the highest mortality as compared to Whites.HIVco‐diagnosis accounted for 48% of allPCPdeaths in 2014 vs 71% in 1999. Comorbid conditions such as connective tissue disorders (MOR=12.29; 95% confidence interval=[10.26, 14.71]) were associated with aPCPdiagnosis. Productivity losses amounted to >$12 billion during the study period. Although widespread use of antiretroviral therapy andPCPprophylaxis forHIVinfection likely contributed to the overall decline inPCPdeaths during 1999‐2014, a continual need exists to prevent and treat this fungal disease in immune‐compromised populations that are not infected withHIV.
A magnetic resonance imaging study of gastric motor function in patients with dyspepsia associated with Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome‐Hypermobility Type: A feasibility study
Authors: Menys A. , Keszthelyi D. , Fitzke H. , Fikree A. , Atkinson D. , Aziz Q. , Taylor S. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for investigating gastric motor function in dyspepsia is limited, largely due to protocol complexity, cost and limited availability. In this study, we explore the feasibility of a sub 60‐minute protocol using a water challenge to assess gastric emptying, motility and accommodation in a cohort of Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome‐Hypermobility type (EDS‐HT) patients presenting with dyspepsia.MethodsNine EDS‐HT patients (mean age 33, range: 26‐50 all female) with a history of dyspepsia were recruited together with nine‐matched controls. Subjects fasted for 6 hours prior to MRI. A baseline anatomical and motility scan was performed after which the subjects ingested 300 mL water. The anatomical and motility scans were then repeated every 10 minutes to a total of 60 minutes. Gastric emptying time, motility, and accommodation were calculated based on the observations of two observers for each EDS‐HT subject and compared to their matched control using paired statistics.Key ResultsMedian motility increase following the water challenge was lower in EDS‐HT subjects (11%, range: 0%‐22%) compared to controls (22%, range: 13%‐56%), P=.03. Median gastric emptying time was non‐significantly decreased in EDS‐HT subjects (12.5 minutes, range: 6‐27) compared to controls (20 minutes, range: 7‐30), P=.15. Accommodation was non‐significantly reduced in EDS‐HT subjects (56% increase, range: 32%‐78%) compared to healthy controls (67% increase, range: 52%‐78%), P=.19.Conclusions & InferencesThis study demonstrates the feasibility of a water challenge MRI protocol to evaluate gastric physiology in the clinical setting. Motility differences between EDS‐HT and controls are worthy of further investigation.
Clinical significance of anti‐HLA antibodies associated with ventricular assist device use in pediatric patients: A United Network for Organ Sharing database analysis
Authors: Magdo H. Sonali , Schumacher Kurt R. , Yu Sunkyung , Gajarski Robert J. , Friedland‐Little Joshua M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhile VAD use in pediatric patients has previously been associated with anti‐HLA antibody production, the clinical significance of these antibodies is unclear. We investigated the clinical impact of anti‐HLA antibodies associated with VAD use in a large cohort of pediatric HTx recipients. From 2004 to 2011, pediatric cardiomyopathy patients post‐HTx (N=1288) with pre‐HTx PRA levels were identified from the United Network for Organ Sharing database. PRA levels were compared between VAD patients and those with no history of MCS. Incidence of rejection and overall survival were compared between VAD and non‐MCS groups after stratification by PRA and age. VAD recipients were more likely to produce anti‐HLA antibodies than non‐MCS patients (25.5% vs 10.5% had PRA>10%, P<.0001). Sensitized VAD patients (PRA>10%) had a higher incidence of rejection within 15 months of HTx compared to sensitized non‐MCS patients (57.1% vs 35.9%, P=.02). There was no intergroup difference in 15‐month mortality. Among pediatric cardiomyopathy patients supported with a VAD, the presence of anti‐HLA antibodies prior to HTx is associated with an increased risk of rejection. The mechanism of the association between VAD‐associated antibodies and early rejection is unclear and warrants further investigation.
Sociodemographic, physical, mental and social factors in the cessation of breastfeeding before 6 months: a systematic review
Authors: Mangrio Elisabeth , Persson Karin , Bramhagen Ann‐Cathrine 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding as the main source of nutrition for infants during their first 6 months of life. However, despite this well‐known recommendation, not all mothers breastfeed, whether partly or fully, during this time.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic literature review was to compile evidence regarding sociodemographic, physical, mental and social factors that influence breastfeeding mothers to stop breastfeeding before the infant reaches 6 months.Search methodA systematic search was conducted in four databases.Selection criteriaStudies with quantitative research were included.Data collection and analysisTotally, 186 abstracts were read, 83 seemed relevant but 18 were found to be duplicates. Finally, 27 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included. The quality assessment was carried out with a quality assessment template from the Swedish Council on Technology and Assessment, and the grading of the result was carried out according to GRADE.ResultsThe association of breastfeeding cessation between the mother's young age, low level of education, return to work within 12‐week postpartum, caesarean birth and inadequate milk supply was found to have a low level of evidence. The link found between depressions among the mothers with the cessation of breastfeeding was found to have a very low level of evidence.ConclusionsSociodemographic factors appeared to have caused cessation of breastfeeding in some of the included articles. The preventive work should focus on how to improve the knowledge of healthcare professionals and targeted interventions must address mothers who are at risk of ceasing breastfeeding before the recommended time.
The Number of Target Molecules of the Amplification Step Limits Accuracy and Sensitivity in Ultradeep-Sequencing Viral Population Studies
Authors: Gallet Romain , Fabre Frédéric , Michalakis Yannis , Blanc Stéphane 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The invention of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques marked the coming of a new era in the detection of the genetic diversity of intrahost viral populations. A good understanding of the genetic structure of these populations requires, first, the ability to identify the different isolates or variants and, second, the ability to accurately quantify them. However, the initial amplification step of NGS studies can impose potential quantitative biases, modifying the variant relative frequencies. In particular, the number of target molecules (NTM) used during the amplification step is vastly overlooked although of primary importance, as it sets the limit of the accuracy and sensitivity of the sequencing procedure. In the present article, we investigated quantitative biases in an NGS study of populations of a multipartite single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus at different steps of the procedure. We studied 20 independent populations of the ssDNA virus faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV) in two host plants,
Vicia faba
and
Medicago truncatula
. FBNSV is a multipartite virus composed of eight genomic segments, whose specific and host-dependent relative frequencies are defined as the “genome formula.” Our results show a significant distortion of the FBNSV genome formula after the amplification and sequencing steps. We also quantified the genetic bottleneck occurring at the amplification step by documenting the NTM of two genomic segments of FBNSV. We argue that the NTM must be documented and carefully considered when determining the sensitivity and accuracy of data from NGS studies.

IMPORTANCE
The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques now enables study of the genetic diversity of viral populations. A good understanding of the genetic structure of these populations first requires the ability to identify the different isolates or variants and second requires the ability to accurately quantify them. Prior to sequencing, viral genomes need to be amplified, a step that potentially imposes quantitative biases and modifies the viral population structure. In particular, the number of target molecules (NTM) used during the amplification step is of primary importance, as it sets the limit of the accuracy and sensitivity of the sequencing procedure. In this work, we used 20 replicated populations of the multipartite faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV) to estimate the various limitations of ultradeep-sequencing studies performed on intrahost viral populations. We report quantitative biases during rolling-circle amplification and the NTM of two genomic segments of FBNSV.
Vitamin D Receptor–Dependent Signaling Protects Mice From Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis
Authors: Wang Fa , Johnson Robert L. , DeSmet Marsha L. , Snyder Paul W. , Fairfax Keke C. , Fleet James C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLow vitamin D status potentiates experimental colitis, but the vitamin D–responsive cell in colitis has not been defined. We hypothesized that vitamin D has distinct roles in colonic epithelial cells and in nonepithelial cells during colitis. We tested this hypothesis by using mice with vitamin D receptor (VDR) deletion from colon epithelial cells (CEC-VDRKO) or nonintestinal epithelial cells (NEC-VDRKO). Eight-week-old mice were treated with 1.35% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 5 days and then euthanized 2 or 10 days after removal of DSS. DSS induced body weight loss and increased disease activity index and spleen size. This response was increased in NEC-VDRKO mice but not CEC-VDRKO mice. DSS-induced colon epithelial damage and immune cell infiltration scores were increased in both mouse models. Although the epithelium healed between 2 and 10 days after DSS administration in control and CEC-VDRKO mice, epithelial damage remained high in NEC-VDRKO mice 10 days after removal of DSS, indicating delayed epithelial healing. Gene expression levels for the proinflammatory, M1 macrophage (Mɸ) cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide synthase 2, and interleukin-1β were significantly elevated in the colon of NEC-VDRKO mice at day 10. In vitro experiments in murine peritoneal Mɸs demonstrated that 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D directly inhibited M1 polarization, facilitated M2 polarization, and regulated Mɸ phenotype switching toward the M2 and away from the M1 phenotype. Our data revealed unique protective roles for vitamin D signaling during colitis in the colon epithelium as well as nonepithelial cells in the colon microenvironment (i.e., modulation of Mɸ biology).
ON THE PRIORITIES OF OPERATIONAL MONITORING STRUCTURES WATER IN SOUTHERN RUSSIA — EXPERIENCING WATER SHORTAGES
Authors: Бандурин Михаил , Bandurin Mikhail 
Published: June 2017

This paper presents the results of the implementation
of new operational monitoring systems. The issue of monitoring
of water use is relevant as once especially in the south of Russia,
having as significant water and using an annual average of no
more than 2% of river flow, the Russian Federation in a number
of regions deficient in water. The main reason for this — the
extremely unequal distribution of water resources throughout the
country that are not consistent with the needs of them, their very
large temporal variability, especially in the southern regions of
Russia. Existing methods of water conveyance structures survey
aimed to assess the overall suitability of bearing structures of
buildings for further use. In surveys, a number of questions to
identify the nature of damage and defects, as well as forecasting
of technical condition for a certain period of time.
A criteria-based audit to improve early postnatal care in Jinja, Uganda
Authors: Kanyunyuzi Annette Evelyn , Ekong Elizabeth Namukombe , Namukwaya Regina Eve , Namala Alex Lwasa , Mudondo Loy , Mwebaza Enid , Smyth Rebecca 
Published: June 2017

Background: Globally, 50% of maternal deaths and 40% of neonatal deaths occur within 24 hours of birth, notably in developing countries. ( Khanal et al, 2014 ). The provision of postnatal care in Uganda is low: only 2% of mothers are reported to have received a postnatal check-up within one hour. Objective: To assess and improve the provision of postnatal care within the first 6 hours of birth. Methods: A criteria-based audit was carried out by retro-spectively evaluating 400 case records, to observe practice in the immediate postnatal period against agreed standards. Results: Findings demonstrated that standards were infrequently met, and that assessment of the mother after admission to the postnatal ward was also found to be low. Selected interventions were introduced, and a re-audit 2 months later revealed significant improvements in the delivery of postnatal care for both mothers and babies. Findings: Criteria-based audit is a feasible quality improvement strategy, and the identification of simple interventions registered remarkable improvement, which is essential for quality postnatal care within the first 6 hours of birth.
Weeping in the Playtime of Others: The Obama Administration's Failed Reform of ICE Family Detention Practices
Authors: Schriro Dora 
Published: June 2017

The United States has long struggled with the practice of detaining immigrant families and over time, most reform efforts have flagged, if not failed. This paper examines the impact of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA) through an exploration of the evolution of the family residential center (FRC) for families in immigration custody, established prior to the 9/11 terrorist attack by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), and expanded by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in its aftermath. The paper provides an inside look at how policymakers, at various points in the Obama administration, sought to roll back its most infirm practices and the fate of those efforts. It begins with a brief history of family detention in the United States, continues with a summary of the reforms undertaken both early and late in the Obama administration, and examines the significant challenges it faced and the less progressive positions it adopted during its first and second terms in office.The paper concludes with a discussion of reasons for the rapid reversal of its previous reforms and provides recommendations to achieve a civil, civil system of immigration enforcement for families and all others, which means nothing less than the transformation of the immigrant detention system from a criminal to a civil paradigm, consistent with the population and legal authorities.[1] The need for such an effort is all the more urgent in light of executive actions taken in the early days of the Trump administration and their initial outcomes. Among those thwarting admissions are orders to Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to seal the US borders, shun refugees fleeing from war-torn regions until “extreme vetting” measures are put into place, and reassess others who have already been issued visas. Additional orders issued to ICE expanded and expedited the removal of persons whose conduct could result in charges or convictions as well as those with criminal charges or convictions, resulting in a 38 percent increase in arrests by ICE agents within the first 100 days of the Trump administration (Dickerson 2017b; Duara 2017). [1] For further discussion of the concept of a civil, civil system of immigration enforcement, see Schriro (2009).
Strategic mistakes (AVOIDABLE) The topicality of Michel Porter’s generic strategies
Authors: Viltard Leandro Adolfo 
Published: June 2017

This article explores the topicality of Porter’s generic strategies, assessing about their applicability on two specific automotive industry projects: The Smart and the New Beetle. After performing a documentation analysis on these two projects, it was concluded that both of them may be considered avoidable strategic mistakes as they show the risks of higher differentiation that is not being paid by the customer, no matter how if it is about recognized brands or icon products. Hazards and risks, like big losses and negative margins, are applicable to every firm. This is a qualitative investigation with a not experimental and transversal research design.
The Demand of the Other in Paul Ricœur’s Philosophical Hermeneutics
Authors: Hołda Małgorzata 
Published: June 2017

W artykule proponuję spojrzenie na etykę Paula Ricœura i nakaz Drugiego pod kątem treści poruszanych w jego dziele O sobie samym jako innym, takich jak: „ja” i Drugi, który cierpi, przyjaźń, „dobre życie” rozumiane jako teleologiczny horyzont ludzkiej egzystencji. Moim celem jest ukazanie, że Ricœur sytuuje nakaz Drugiego w „rozumieniu”, które jest pojmowane jako fundamentalny sposób bycia­‑w­‑świecie. Etyka Ricœura obejmuje przede wszystkim zagadnienie podatności na zranienie, wzajemną odpowiedzialność, dobroć i troskliwość. Ricœur twierdzi, że prawdziwa odpowiedź na nakaz Drugiego równa się wartościowemu, spełnionemu życiu i wyraża się w jego narracyjnej spójności. Artykuł podejmuje również temat debaty pomiędzy Ricœurem i Levinasem wokół relacji „ja” i „ty”, i różnic w podejściu do niej: model Ricœura zakłada odpowiedź Drugiego, podczas gdy Levinas mówi o relacji, która nie musi być oparta na wzajemności.
Prawda jako subiektywność czy subiektywność prawdy? Problem poznania w filozofii Duńczyka
Authors: Krawerenda-Wajda Katarzyna 
Published: June 2017

Koncepcja prawdy subiektywnej, związana z indywiduum, prymatem wewnętrzności nad rozumem, jest wyrazem niezgody na ujmowanie jednostki jako części abstrakcyjnego systemu, w którym znika indywidualność, wolność i miejsce na wewnętrzny kontakt z Bogiem. Zdaniem Duńczyka prawda jako adequatio dotyczy tylko dziedziny nauki. Prawda jako zgodność myślenia i bytu zakłada adekwatny ogląd, ale to tylko stan chwilowy dla poznającego, dlatego Climacus określa taką prawdę mianem aproksymacji. Prawda jako adequatio nie ma zastosowania w dziedzinie tego, co realne, czyli w obszarze ducha i egzystencji. Dlatego poznanie spekulatywne, będące jedynie aproksymacją, jest bezużyteczne z punktu widzenia człowieka egzystującego. Czym jest więc prawda subiektywna w takim kontekście? Człowiek, odnosząc się do danej prawdy, rozważając ją, czyni ją własną, jednocześnie zastanawia się nad swoim stosunkiem do samego siebie wobec niej. Ten ostatni stosunek, to „jak”, jest gwarantem prawdziwości tej prawdy. Prawda jako przyswojenie posiada jeszcze trzeci element, jest to działanie mocą tego, co się przyswoiło i zrozumiało. W swoim rozumieniu prawdy Climacus wskazuje na związek między aksjologią a prawdą subiektywną.
Registro do processo de enfermagem para pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares: revisão integrativa
Authors: Cardoso Allana Raphaela dos Santos , Figueiredo Lyvia da Silva , Flores Paula Vanessa Peclat , Pereira Juliana de Melo Vellozo , Dos Santos Bruno Bompet , Cavalcanti Ana Carla Dantas 
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: identificar as publicações sobre registro do processo de enfermagem para pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares. Método: revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL e LILACS, a partir de um recorte temporal de dez anos. Foram selecionados 07 artigos, divididos em duas categorias e analisados segundo a temática abordada. Resultado: após a leitura do texto completo, sete artigos foram incluídos e duas categorias foram criadas. Discussão: todos os estudos discutiam sistemas de linguagens padronizadas. Dois estudos descreveram a interligação das linguagens de diagnósticos, intervenções e resultados. Por outro lado, cinco estudos abordavam apenas uma linguagem padronizada. Conclusão: foram identificados estudos sobre registro do processo de enfermagem para pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares. No entanto, a literatura ainda é escassa e de baixo rigor metodológico.
A potência da experimentação estética no processo de autoconhecimento: estudo sociopoético
Authors: Fonseca Paula Isabella Marujo Nunes da , Eleutério Rejane Ferreira , Tavares Claudia Mara de Melo , Carvalho José Carlos 
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: fazer com que os participantes percebessem como atuaram e conduziram emocionalmente uma situação pessoal marcante positiva e uma negativa; e, incentivar os participantes a partir das conduções emocionais relatadas a perceberem melhor o que sentem. Método: Abordagem Sociopoética, realizada com nove coordenadores avançados em transplantes. A partir do tema gerador “A s emoções que sentimos e os caminhos que seguimos” foi realizada experimentação estética para produção dos dados. Análise dos dados: mulheril e filosófica. Utilizou-se os pressupostos da Educação Emocional, segundo Juan Casassus. Resultados: Observou-se maior liberdade de expressão das emoções no ambiente não-laboral. Se aproximar dos amiliares e chorar foram enfrentamentos comuns as duas situações. Discussão: A auto permissão emocional foi o destaque, apontando para a construção da competência emocional em relação a si mesmo. Conclusão:A experimentação possibilitou a ampliação da consciência emocional dos participantes em situações emocionalmente positivas e negativas, abrindo caminho para seu autoconhecimento.
INFLUÊNCIA DA ESPESSURA E INTEGRIDADE DE COBERTURA PLÁSTICA NA GERMINAÇÃO DE Brassica oleracea var. capitata
Authors: Ferreira Amanda Duim , Fernandes Ana Paula Garcia , Boroto Yohanna Cézar , Pinto Maria Luiza Pereira , Ambrósio Thainá Ambrósio , Pinheiro Ana Carolina Roos , Viana Douglas Gomes 
Published: June 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da espessura e integridade de coberturas plásticas na germinação de sementes de repolho (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) cultivadas principalmente na região serrana do Espírito Santo. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Tecnologia de Sementes no Campus São Mateus da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), em esquema fatorial 2 x 2, com quatro repetições em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos consistiram de duas espessuras de cobertura dos recipientes (0,06 mm - plástico fino; 0,10 mm - plástico grosso) e a ausência ou presença de furos centralizados na secção superior dos recipientes. As contagens foram feitas do primeiro ao sétimo dia, sendo avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, coeficiente de velocidade de germinação e perda de água diária. Verificou-se que não há influência significativa da integridade da cobertura plástica sobre a germinação e é preferível o uso de coberturas plásticas com menor espessura de modo a possibilitar as trocas gasosas.