bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provoked Vestibulodynia: Does Pain Intensity Correlate with Sexual Dysfunction and Dissatisfaction?
Authors: Aerts Leen , Bergeron Sophie , Pukall Caroline F. , Khalifé Samir 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is suspected to be the most frequent cause of vulvodynia in premenopausal women. Previous research has been inconclusive as to whether higher vulvovaginal pain ratings are associated with lower sexual function and satisfaction in women with PVD. Whether pain intensity correlates with sexual impairment is an important question given its implications for treatment recommendations.

Aim
To examine the associations among self-reported and objective pain measurements, sexual function, and sexual satisfaction in a large combined clinical and community sample of premenopausal women diagnosed with PVD.

Methods
Ninety-eight women with PVD underwent a cotton-swab test, a vestibular friction pain measurement, and a vestibular pressure-pain threshold measurement. In addition to sociodemographics, participants completed measurements of pain, sexual function, and sexual satisfaction.

Main Outcome Measures
Self-report measurements were the pain numerical rating scale (0–10), the McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Index, and the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction. Objective measurements were pain during a cotton-swab test, pain during a vestibular friction procedure, and the vestibular pressure-pain threshold measurement.

Results
Age and relationship duration were significantly correlated with the Female Sexual Function Index total score (r = −0.31, P &lt; .01; and r = −0.22, P &lt; .05, respectively). When controlling for age, intercourse-related pain intensity, pain during the cotton-swab test, pain during vestibular friction, the vestibular pressure-pain threshold, and the McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire sensory and affective subscale scores were not significantly associated with sexual function and satisfaction in women with PVD.

Conclusion
The findings show that in women with PVD, self-report and objective pain ratings are not associated with sexual function and satisfaction. The results support the biopsychosocial nature of PVD and underscore the importance of a patient-focused multidisciplinary treatment approach for PVD
Ansiedad y fuentes de estrés académico en estudiantes de carreras de la salud
Authors: Castillo Pimienta Carlos , Chacón de la Cruz Tomás , Díaz-Véliz Gabriela 
Published: April 2016

Introducción: Diversos estudios han encontrado altos niveles de ansiedad en estudiantes de carreras de la salud, principalmente, en estudiantes de medicina.
Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de ansiedad e identificar las fuentes generadoras de estrés académico existente entre los estudiantes de 2.◦ año de Enfermería y Tecnología Médica de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile.
Método: Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo para evaluar el nivel de ansiedad y el Inventario de Estrés Académico para discriminar diferentes situaciones académicas que provocan un mayor nivel de estrés en estudiantes universitarios.
Resultados: Los estudiantes de Enfermería mostraron mayores niveles de ansiedad estado y ansiedad rasgo que los estudiantes de Tecnología Médica. Solo para ansiedad estado se observó una frecuencia significativamente diferente, encontrándose las diferencias en los grupos que manifiestan un nivel de ansiedad leve (Enfermería 32.1% y Tecnología Médica 56.6%) y ansiedad severa (Enfermería 20.5% y Tecnología Médica 9.2%). Aunque las situaciones generadoras de estrés fueron similares para ambos grupos, varias de ellas fueron percibidas como estresores significativamente mayores por los estudiantes de Enfermería. Las tres principales fuentes de estrés resultaron ser: sobrecarga académica, falta de tiempo para cumplir con las actividades académicas y realización de un examen.
Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de Enfermería presentan altos índices de ansiedad. Resulta necesario analizar la planificación curricular de estos cursos, así como implementar consejerías y talleres para enseñar a los estudiantes afrontar las situaciones estresantes.
Key influences in the design and implementation of mental health information systems in Ghana and South Africa
Authors: Ahuja S. , Mirzoev T. , Lund C. , Ofori-Atta A. , Skeen S. , Kufuor A. 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionStrengthening of mental health information systems (MHIS) is essential to monitor and evaluate mental health services in low and middle-income countries. While research exists assessing wider health management information systems, there is limited published evidence exploring the design and implementation of MHIS in these settings. This paper aims to identify and assess the key factors affecting the design and implementation of MHIS, as perceived by the key stakeholders in Ghana and South Africa.MethodsWe report findings from the Mental Health and Poverty Project, a 5-year research programme implemented within four African countries. The MHIS strengthening in South Africa and Ghana included two related components: intervention and research. The intervention component aimed to strengthen MHIS in the two countries, and the research component aimed to document interventions in each country, including the key influences. Data were collected using semi structured interviews with key stakeholders and reviews of key documents and secondary data from the improved MHIS. We analyzed the qualitative data using a framework approach.ResultsKey components of the MHIS intervention involved the introduction of a redesigned patient registration form, entry into computers for analysis every 2 months by clinical managerial staff, and utilization of data in hospital management meetings in three psychiatric hospitals in Ghana; and the introduction of a new set of mental health indicators and related forms and tally sheets at primary care clinics and district hospitals in five districts in the KwaZulu-Natal and Northern Cape provinces in South Africa. Overall, the key stakeholders perceived the MHIS strengthening as an effective intervention in both countries with an enhanced set of indicators in South Africa and introduction of a computerized system in Ghana.DiscussionInfluences on the design and implementation of MHIS interventions in Ghana and South Africa relate to resources, working approaches (including degree of consultations during the design stage and communication during implementation stage) and the low priority of mental health. Although the influencing factors represent similar categories, more influences were identified on MHIS implementation, compared with the design stage. Different influences appear to be related within, and across, the MHIS design and implementation and may reinforce or negate each other thus leading to the multiplier or minimization effects. The wider context, similar to other studies, is important in ensuring the success of such interventions.ConclusionFuture MHIS strengthening interventions can consider three policy implications which emerged from our analysis and experience: enhancing consultations during the intervention design, better consideration of implementation challenges during design, and better recognition of relations between different influences.
Formation, vegetation succession and acidification of a Mid-Holocene moorland pool in the western Netherlands
Authors: van Geel B. , Brinkkemper O. , Weeda E.J. , Sevink J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe studied a Holocene peat fill of a small depression in Pleistocene coversand, in the western border zone of Het Gooi, to assess the early local and regional vegetation history in relation to sea-level rise, soil development and potential human impact. In the fourth millenium BC, a podzol which had formed in the depression became stagnative, leading to the development of a moorland pool. The local vegetation changed from dry heathland, through an amphibic vegetation type with, among others, Littorella uniflora and Lycopodiella inundata, to a permanently moist Sphagnum-dominated vegetation. The existence of moorland pools and the development of such habitats into Sphagnum-dominated vegetation are known from Late-Holocene anthropogenic, more or less open landscapes that were formed on a podzolising sandy soil under ericaceous vegetation. However, the recorded vegetation succession did not show any recognisable local human impact and therefore is attributed to natural succession. In the period concerned, sea level was still about 4 m below the land surface in the depression, implying that water logging occurred independent from a rise in sea level and associated groundwater level. It took until the Late Middle Ages before such rise led to significant water logging and peat growth in this border zone, but the mean groundwater level never reached to above NAP (Dutch Ordnance Datum).
Raised serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with active diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Afarideh Mohsen , Ghanbari Parvaneh , Noshad Sina , Ghajar Alireza , Nakhjavani Manouchehr , Esteghamati Alireza 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStudies have emerged to demonstrate bidirectional changes in circulating cytokines of inflammation in active diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). To further expand the understanding of inflammatory status present in chronic active DFU, we comparatively assessed the associations of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) with the presence of DFU. In a cross-sectional setting, thirty patients with type 2 diabetes and active DFU matched with thirty control non-ulcerative patients with type 2 diabetes and twenty-eight healthy subjects underwent anthropometric and biochemical assessment of study parameters. Recruited patients with DFU were selected from the grade II active chronic DFU at the time of hospitalisation according to the University of Texas wound classification system. Patients with DFU and controls had comparable age, sexual distribution, diastolic blood pressure and TAG, LDL-cholesterol and glycated Hb. The trend changes from healthy controls towards DFU showed a significant increase for serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-6, 25(OH)D and highly sensitive C-reactive protein and a decrease for IL-8. In the multivariate adjusted logistic regression model, 25(OH)D emerged as the only independent correlate of DFU (OR 2·194; 95 % CI 1·003, 4·415). Unprecedented increase of serum 25(OH)D in chronic active DFU is possibly related to a selective alteration in the inflammatory status. In particular, 25(OH)D and IL-8 seem to share a common pathway in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot.
MORPHOGENETIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GUINEA GRASS PASTURES UNDER ROTATIONAL STOCKING STRATEGIES
Authors: DE MOURA ZANINE ANDERSON , NASCIMENTO DOMICIO , DA SILVA WILTON LADEIRA , DE LANA SOUSA BRAULIO MAIA , FERREIRA DANIELE DE JESUS , DA SILVEIRA MÁRCIA CRISTINA TEIXEIRA , PARENTE HERIQUE NUNES , SANTOS MANOEL EDUARDO ROZALINO 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to evaluate morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Guinea grass pastures subjected to two grazing frequencies (90 and 95% light interception) and two post-grazing heights (30 and 50 cm), during the rainy season and dry year. The leaf appearance rate varied only in the summer, the grazing pastures managed at 90/50 (light interception/post-grazing height) presented higher values in the leaf appearance rate (0.440 leaf/tiller.day), compared with those managed at 90/30 (0.275 leaf/tiller.day) and 95/50 (0.228 leaf/tiller.day), respectively. In the winter/beginning of the spring, pastures managed at 90/30 (0.03 cm/tiller.day) presented lower stem elongation rate in comparison with those managed at 90/50 (0.19 cm/tiller.day) and 95/30 (0.16 cm/tiller.day). Management strategies do not compromise the tissue flow in tillers and, consequently, can be utilized for the management of Guinea grass.
Gambling and Comovement
Authors: Kumar Alok , Page Jeremy K. , Spalt Oliver G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study shows that correlated trading by gambling-motivated investors generates excess return comovement among stocks with lottery features. Lottery-like stocks comove strongly with one another, and this return comovement is strongest among lottery stocks located in regions where investors exhibit stronger gambling propensity. Looking directly at investor trades, we find that investors with a greater propensity to gamble trade lottery-like stocks more actively and that those trades are more strongly correlated. Finally, we demonstrate that time variation in general gambling enthusiasm and income shocks from fluctuating economic conditions induce a systematic component in investors’ demand for lottery-like stocks.
Hedge Fund Performance Evaluation under the Stochastic Discount Factor Framework
Authors: Li Haitao , Xu Yuewu , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe study hedge fund performance evaluation under the stochastic discount factor framework of Farnsworth, Ferson, Jackson, and Todd (FFJT). To accommodate dynamic trading strategies and derivatives used by hedge funds, we extend FFJT’s approach by considering models with option and time-averaged risk factors and incorporating option returns in model estimation. A wide range of models yield similar conclusions on the performance of simulated long/short equity hedge funds. We apply these models to 2,315 actual long/short equity funds from the Lipper TASS database and find that a small portion of these funds can outperform the market.
Business Microloans for U.S. Subprime Borrowers
Authors: Fracassi Cesare , Garmaise Mark J. , Kogan Shimon , Natividad Gabriel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe show that business microloans to U.S. subprime borrowers have a very large impact on subsequent firm success. Using data on startup loan applicants from a lender that employed an automated algorithm in its application review, we implement a regression discontinuity design assessing the causal impact of receiving a loan on firms. Startups receiving funding are dramatically more likely to survive, enjoy higher revenues, and create more jobs. Loans are more consequential for survival among subprime business owners with more education and less managerial experience.
Brian Roberts and the origins of the 1959 Antarctic Treaty
Authors: Heavens Steve 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTDuring his lifetime and beyond, Brian Roberts was often thought to be theéminence griseof the UK's Antarctic policy and also of the founding of the 1959 Antarctic Treaty. Documentary evidence of his influence has, however, been conspicuously absent, due in part to the closure of relevant files in the UK's National Archives. Using Roberts’ personal files in the archives of the Scott Polar Research Institute in Cambridge, files in the UK National Archives that remained closed for 50 years but have recently been released, and the recollections of surviving contemporaries of Roberts, it has been possible to establish the extent of his involvement in the evolution of the treaty and to add new elements that may contribute towards a reconstruction of its complex history. From 1956 Roberts developed a productive relationship with the UK Foreign Office's Head of American Department Henry Hankey that enabled them to influence the UK policy on Antarctica and to make a significant contribution towards the political settlement represented by the treaty. For Roberts and his colleagues in the Foreign Office the main purpose of the treaty was not primarily the promotion of international scientific collaboration but was essentially a means of addressing a political situation that had become otherwise intractable.
Abnormalities in left inferior frontal gyral thickness and parahippocampal gyral volume in young people at high genetic risk for bipolar disorder
Authors: Roberts G. , Lenroot R. , Frankland A. , Yeung P. K. , Gale N. , Wright A. , Lau P. , Levy F. , Wen W. , Mitchell P. B. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundFronto-limbic structural brain abnormalities have been reported in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), but findings in individuals at increased genetic risk of developing BD have been inconsistent. We conducted a study in adolescents and young adults (12–30 years) comparing measures of fronto-limbic cortical and subcortical brain structure between individuals at increased familial risk of BD (at risk; AR), subjects with BD and controls (CON). We separately examined cortical volume, thickness and surface area as these have distinct neurodevelopmental origins and thus may reflect differential effects of genetic risk.MethodWe compared fronto-limbic measures of grey and white matter volume, cortical thickness and surface area in 72 unaffected-risk individuals with at least one first-degree relative with bipolar disorder (AR), 38 BD subjects and 72 participants with no family history of mental illness (CON).ResultsThe AR group had significantly reduced cortical thickness in the left pars orbitalis of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) compared with the CON group, and significantly increased left parahippocampal gyral volume compared with those with BD.ConclusionsThe finding of reduced cortical thickness of the left pars orbitalis in AR subjects is consistent with other evidence supporting the IFG as a key region associated with genetic liability for BD. The greater volume of the left parahippocampal gyrus in those at high risk is in line with some prior reports of regional increases in grey matter volume in at-risk subjects. Assessing multiple complementary morphometric measures may assist in the better understanding of abnormal developmental processes in BD.
Understanding tourist behaviour of senior citizens: lifecycle theory, continuity theory and a generational approach
Authors: ALÉN ELISA , LOSADA NIEVES , DE CARLOS PABLO 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTGlobal demographic changes and the increasing participation of senior citizens in leisure tourism activities have prompted governments and tourism providers in many developed regions to identify seniors as a priority market. Yet the lack of theory related to senior tourism poses a major hurdle to continued research in this field, especially with regard to the application of evolving age theories. Few studies analyse the relevance or motivations of senior tourists. Therefore, this study investigates the tourism behaviour of Spanish senior travellers, including both their motivations and their tendency to travel. To develop a theoretical framework, this article relies on three theories to explicate the travel behaviour of senior citizens: lifecycle theory, continuity theory and generational theory.
The use of syndromic surveillance to monitor the incidence of arthropod bites requiring healthcare in England, 2000–2013: a retrospective ecological study
Authors: NEWITT S. , ELLIOT A. J. , MORBEY R. , DURNALL H. , PIETZSCH M. E. , MEDLOCK J. M. , LEACH S. , SMITH G. E. 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYClimate change experts predict the number of nuisance-biting arthropods in England will increase but there is currently no known surveillance system in place to monitor or assess the public health impact of arthropod bites. This retrospective ecological study utilized arthropod bites requiring healthcare from five national real-time syndromic surveillance systems monitoring general practitioner (GP) consultations (in-hours and out-of-hours), emergency department (ED) attendances and telephone calls to remote advice services to determine baseline incidence in England between 2000 and 2013 and to assess the association between arthropod bites and temperature. During summer months (weeks 20–40) we estimated that arthropod bites contribute a weekly median of ~4000 GP consultations, 750 calls to remote advice services, 700 ED and 1300 GP out-of-hours attendances. In all systems, incidence was highest during summer months compared to the rest of the year. Arthropod bites were positively associated with temperature with incidence rate ratios (IRRs) that ranged between systems from 1·03 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·01–1·06] to 1·14 (95% CI 1·11–1·16). Using syndromic surveillance systems we have established and described baseline incidence of arthropod bites and this can now be monitored routinely in real time to assess the impact of extreme weather events and climate change.
Linguistic convergence/divergence or degree of bilingualism?
Authors: TREMBLAY ANNIE 
Published: April 2016

In their article, Mougeon, Hallion, Bigot, and Papen attempt to explain the similarities and differences among four varieties of Canadian French spoken outside Quebec (and New Brunswick) in the use of the restriction formsrien que, juste, seulement (que), andne . . . que. Mougeon and colleagues focused on the French varieties spoken in Welland (Ontario), Saint-Boniface (Manitoba), Saint-Laurent (i.e., Mitchif French, Manitoba) and Bonnyville (Alberta) (see also Nadasdi & Keppie 2004). Using a variationist sociolinguistic framework, they examined the effect of linguistic and extralinguistic factors on speakers’ use of the aforementioned restriction forms, and compared their results to those reported in previous studies of the French varieties spoken in Montreal (Quebec) (Massicotte 1984, 1986; Thibault & Daveluy 1989) and in Hawkesbury, Cornwall, Northbay, and Pembroke (Ontario) (Rehner & Mougeon 1998). Based on their results, Mougeon and colleagues made hypotheses regarding linguistic convergence/divergence and raise relevant questions for future research. In this commentary, I briefly assess some of the contributions made by this research from a psycholinguistic perspective. In doing so, I raise additional questions concerning the source of the effects reported in the study.
The Cradle of the New Humanitarian System? International Work and European Volunteers at the Cambodian Border Camps, 1979–1993
Authors: TAITHE BERTRAND 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article investigates the development of communities of practice in Thai-border Cambodian refugee camps for those international humanitarian workers involved at the frontiers of the Cold War. Under the management of the United Nations Border Relief Operation (UNBRO) and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) these camps brought together various NGOs and volunteers. Their prolonged presence at the border of Thailand enabled an epistemic community to emerge which facilitated the production of knowledge on refugees. Using oral histories and the archives of NGOs, this article investigates the development of an international community of practice in which Europeans played a key role, one which centred on the medical and social needs of refugees at a time of acute political instrumental use of humanitarian aid. The focus of humanitarians' work on genocide and associated trauma, resulted in a clear political awareness that humanitarian aid had been used to maintain Khmer Rouge presence at the borders and that, in the peace negotiations of the early 1990s, it might facilitate their territorial and political return to a position of power.