bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le moi inconscient sous l’emprise de l’objet
Authors: A. Sparer Ellen 
Published: January 2017

La deuxième topique a amené Freud à introduire un « troisième » inconscient, celui du moi, d’emblée uni avec le ça et influencé par ce qu’il a vécu. L’auteur souligne la confluence entre le moi idéal et le moi inconscient, qui comporte une identification primaire avec l’objet primaire. Cette identification peut devenir aliénante si le moi naissant se trouve investi dans une « masse à deux » amenant à une identification avec le moi idéal plutôt qu’avec le surmoi.
Liberté de presse écrite au Maroc : L’évolution au regard de l’évaluation
Authors: Naimi Mohamed 
Published: January 2017

Le présent article vise à examiner la situation de la liberté de presse au Maroc et son évolution depuis 2011 au regard de son évaluation aux niveaux international et national. Alors que les ONG internationales spécialisées dans le domaine, notamment Freedom House (FH) et Reporters sans frontières (RSF) accablent le Maroc, les instances marocaines officielles tiennent un discours plutôt apologétique et affichent par réflexe l’image d’une presse libre. Pour approcher la situation réelle de la liberté de presse au Maroc, il nous semble intéressant de saisir les différences d’objectifs et de méthodes de ces évaluations, avant de les confronter aux pratiques et ressenti des principaux intéressés : les journalistes marocains. Évaluer l’évolution de cette liberté revient donc à examiner tour à tour, et à la lumière de l’enquête menée auprès des journalistes, les deux systèmes d’évaluation, celui établi par les instances internationales et celui fourni par les autorités marocaines.
Radiative characteristics of aerosol during extreme fire event over Siberia in summer 2012
Authors: Zhuravleva Tatiana B. , Kabanov Dmitriy M. , Nasrtdinov Ilmir M. , Russkova Tatiana V. , Sakerin Sergey M. , Smirnov Alexander , Holben Brent N. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Microphysical and optical properties of aerosol were studied during a mega-fire event in summer 2012 over Siberia using ground-based measurements of spectral solar radiation at the AERONET site in Tomsk and satellite observations. The data were analysed using multi-year (2003–2013) measurements of aerosol characteristics under background conditions and for less intense fires, differing in burning biomass type, stage of fire, remoteness from observation site, etc. (ordinary smoke). In June–August 2012, the average aerosol optical depth (AOD, 500 nm) had been 0.95 ± 0.86, about a factor of 6 larger than background values (0.16 ± 0.08), and a factor of 2.5 larger than in ordinary smoke. The AOD values were extremely high on 24–28 July and reached 3–5. A comparison with satellite observations showed that ground-based measurements in the region of Tomsk not only reflect the local AOD features, but are also characteristic for the territory of Western Siberia as a whole. Single scattering albedo (SSA, 440 nm) in this period ranged from 0.91 to 0.99 with an average of ∼ 0.96 in the entire wavelength range of 440–1020 nm. The increase in absorptance of aerosol particles (SSA(440 nm)  =  0.92) and decrease in SSA with wavelength observed in ordinary smoke agree with the data from multi-year observations in analogous situations in the boreal zone of USA and Canada. Volume aerosol size distribution in extreme and ordinary smoke had a bimodal character with significant prevalence of fine-mode particles, but in summer 2012 the mean median radius and the width of the fine-mode distribution somewhat increased. In contrast to data from multi-year observations, in summer 2012 an increase in the volume concentration and median radius of the coarse mode was observed with growing AOD. The calculations of the average radiative effects of smoke and background aerosol are presented. Compared to background conditions and ordinary smoke, under the extreme smoke conditions the cooling effect of aerosol considerably intensifies: direct radiative effects (DRE) at the bottom (BOA) and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) are −13, −35, and −60 W m−2 and −5, −14, and −35 W m−2 respectively. The maximal values of DRE were observed on 27 July (AOD(500 nm)  =  3.5), when DRE(BOA) reached −150 W m−2, while DRE(TOA) and DRE of the atmosphere were −75 W m−2. During the fire event in summer 2012 the direct radiative effect efficiency varied in range: at the BOA it was −80–−40 W m−2, at the TOA it was −50–−20 W m−2 and in the atmosphere it was −35–−20 W m−2.
On the Historiography of Africana Philosophy: Overcoming Disciplinary Decadence through the Teleological Suspension of Philosophy
Authors: Headley Clevis 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This article is a critical philosophical discussion of Lewis Gordon's An Introduction to Africana Philosophy. Gordon in his text does not portray Africana philosophy as an abstract universalism, philosophy as the “view from nowhere” or philosophy as the “god's eye view” on reality. He also refrains from depicting Africana philosophy as a documentary description of Africana identity, thereby indicating a refusal on his part to reduce Africana philosophy to identity politics, to mere psycho-existential babble. Gordon critically engages with race in his text, but his involvement with this concept does not excessively dominate the text. This article critically explores Africana philosophy's involvement with postmodernism, as well as work through Gordon's notions of disciplinary decadence and the teleological suspension of philosophy. The basic analytical thrust endorses Gordon's efforts to represent Africana philosophy as, among other things, an existential phenomenological account of the being-in-the-world of Africana people. This approach represents Africana philosophy as an anti-Cartesian philosophy, precisely because it does not emanate from a theoretically disembodied consciousness nor from an epistemic knowing subject in search of the transcendental foundations of knowledge.
Effects of Macroeconomic Volatility on Stock Prices in Kenya: A Cointegration Evidence from the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE)
Authors: Mumo Muinde Patrick 
Published: January 2017

This study examined the effects of macroeconomic volatility on stock prices via selected macro variables using the Johansen co-integration methodology. Time series data was obtained from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) and the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) for the period 1998-2015. Macro variables studied include inflation, money supply, exchange rates and interest rates against the NSE 20 share index. The study exploits the presence of unit roots of order 1(1) on the data set to apply the Johansen procedure and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) for data analysis. The study finds both a long-run equilibrium relationship between stock prices and the macroeconomic variables and between inflation and other macro variables. Specifically, and contrary to earlier evidence on the Kenyan market, the results suggest a negative long-run equilibrium relationship between money supply and stock prices. Inflation shows negative but insignificant relationship. Exchange rates and interest rates show a positive relationship. The short-term dynamics from the VECM support earlier documented evidence, implying the earlier evidence reflect short-run and not long-run dynamics.The study concludes that the effects of inflation seem to outweigh any possible gains from money supply on aggregate firm output in the long-run. Also, the study adduces evidence of possible spurious problems on earlier documented evidence from the reviewed studies that could be attributable to non stochastic processes in the models used. A robustness check using a multivariate approach points to this and confirms the co-integration results.
ADR en ODR voor consumentenzaken in beweging
Authors: Verhage Eline 
Published: January 2017

ADR and ODR for consumer affaires in motion
Medio 2013 the European legislator adopted Directive 2013/11/EU (ADR Directive) and Regulation 524/2013 (ODR Regulation), both in the field of European consumer redress. The Directive and Regulation aim to promote the simple, fast and digital (out of court) resolution of consumer disputes. The Directive must be implemented no later than July 2015. This article describes some hurdles the Dutch legislator must overcome to successfully implement the Directive into the self-regulatory Dutch Consumer ADR system.
Street-level bureaucracy en actoren in de veiligheidszorg
Authors: Kolthoff Emile , Loyens Kim , Verhage Antoinette 
Published: January 2017

Street-level bureaucracy and the actors in the public safety domain
The editorial introduction to this special issue on street-level bureaucracy (36 years after the publication of Michael Lipsky’s book) draws attention to the important role of frontline workers in the implementation of policy in practice. The two narratives as distinguished by Maynard-Moody and Musheno (2000) – that of government as an institution and that of the frontline workers themselves – are discussed in the light of the use of discretionary power by the frontline workers. The various dilemmas that the frontline worker encounters while doing so are briefly introduced and the role of the emergence of New Public Management and the resulting public-private partnerships since the eighties discussed.
Street-level bureaucracy en verwijzingen naar gedragsinterventies in Nederlandse penitentiaire inrichtingen
Authors: Bosma Anouk , Kunst Maarten , Dirkzwager Anja , Nieuwbeerta Paul 
Published: January 2017

Street-level bureaucracy and prison-based treatment allocation in the Netherlands
Studies indicated that detainees are not always allocated to treatment programs based on official guidelines. Street-level bureaucracy theory suggests that this is because government employees do not always perform policies as prescribed. This study aimed to assess whether this also applies to the allocation of offenders to treatment in Dutch penitentiary institutions. This was studied among a group of 541 male prisoners who participated in the Recidivism Reduction program. The results showed that official policy guidelines were, in most cases, not leading when referring detainees to behavioral interventions. Instead, treatment referrals were influenced by a broad range of risk factors, as well as the length of an offender’s sentence.
Street-level bureaucrats in de justitiële jeugdinrichting?
Authors: Geenen Marie-José , Kolthoff Emile , van Halderen Robin Christiaan , de Jong Jeanet 
Published: January 2017

Street-level bureaucrats in a juvenile correctional facility
Although group workers in juvenile correctional facilities (JCFs) are restricted in their actions by many rules and regulations, they still have the opportunity for tailor-made actions. Based on Lipsky’s (2010) theory of ‘street-level bureaucracy’ this article explains what this discretion means for group workers in JCFs and how they deal with it. Based on 24 interviews with group workers, this article outlines how they exercise discretion in a context where group dynamics and dealing with emotions affect their actions to an important degree. In addition, this article describes how group workers deal with dilemmas they encounter.
Criminaliteit relateren aan verblijfspopulaties
Authors: Bernasco Wim , van den Berg Chantal 
Published: January 2017

Relating crime to ambient populations
Crime victimization risk is usually calculated by dividing the number of crimes by the size of the local population. This procedure does not account for the mobility of the residents. We develop and apply an alternative procedure that divides the number of crimes by the number of people actually present: the ambient population. The ambient population includes commuters, tourists and other visitors. The regular and the alternative crime rate measures of the four largest cities in the Netherlands are compared using data of the ‘AD Misdaadmeter’. We find that ambient populations are larger than residential populations, in particular in Amsterdam. The differences are small however, and the increased effort of calculating ambient populations does not compensate the increased precision in crime measures. For comparisons between annual crimes rates of cities or municipalities, it is sufficient to divide numbers of crimes by populations.
The level of pain intensity vs sleep quality and functioning
of patients with cervical and lumbar disc disease
Authors: Tomaszek Lucyna , Cepuch Grażyna , Piórko Beata 
Published: January 2017

Discopathy have wide variety of clinical symptoms. The main issue, destabilizing patients’ life is pain,
especially when sleep quality is influenced. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of pain severity
on sleep and everyday life quality in patients with cervical and lumbar discopathy. The study was performed on
52 cervical herniation and 59 lumbar herniation patients qualified to surgical intervention. In the study, Athens
Insomnia Scale, Oswestra Questionnaire, NRS were used. The majority of patients (70,3%) experienced constant
pain and it’s severity what is higher in group of patients with lumbar herniation (Me: 8 vs 7; p=0,036). In a 41%
of patients pain lasted for more than two years. Analgesics were applayed by patients (73%) most temporarily,
when the level of pain was 8 (relief of pain Me: 5). The pain intensity is correlated with insomnia (r=0,32; p=0,000)
and degree of disability (r=0,60; p=0,000). Patients with lumbar herniation have significantly higher degree of disability in comparison to patients with cervical herniation (49,9% vs 37,4%; p=0,000). In majority of patients
experienced pain was constant and its intensity was high. Moreover pain was responsible for lowering the quality
of sleep and everyday life regardless of the patient’s age. Patients with lumbar herniation experienced significantly
higher pain intensity and had higher degree of disability. The pain treatment was not effective enough however it’s
effectiveness can be modified by many factors, not by disease process itself.
Analgesic and sedative effects of perioperative gabapentin in
total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled
dose-finding study
Authors: Lunn Troels Haxholdt , Husted Henrik , Laursen Mogens Berg , Hansen Lars Tambour , Kehlet Henrik 
Published: January 2017

Gabapentin has shown acute postoperative analgesic effects, but the optimal dose and procedure-specific
benefits vs harm have not been clarified. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-finding study, 300
opioid-naive patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty were randomized (1:1:1) to either gabapentin 1300 mg/d
(group A), gabapentin 900 mg/d (group B), or placebo (group C) daily from 2 hours preoperatively to postoperative day
6 in addition to a standardized multimodal analgesic regime. The primary outcome was pain upon ambulation 24 hours
after surgery, and the secondary outcome was sedation 6 hours after surgery. Other outcomes were overall pain during
well-defined mobilizations and at rest and sedation during the first 48 hours and from days 2-6, morphine use, anxiety,
depression, sleep quality, and nausea, vomiting, dizziness, concentration difficulty, headache, visual disturbances, and
adverse reactions. Pain upon ambulation (visual analog scale, mean [95% confidence interval]) 24 hours after surgery in
group A vs B vs C was as follows: 41 [37-46] vs 41 [36-45] vs 42 [37-47], P50.93. Sedation (numeric rating scale, median
[range]) 6 hours after surgery was as follows: 3.2 [0-10] vs 2.6 [0-9] vs 2.3 [0-9], the mean difference A vs C being 0.9
[0.2-1.7], P 5 0.046. No between-group differences were observed in overall pain or morphine use the first 48 hours and
from days 2-6. Sleep quality was better during the first 2 nights in group A and B vs C. Dizziness was more pronounced
from days 2-6 in A vs C. More severe adverse reactions were observed in group A vs B and C. In conclusion, gabapentin
may have a limited if any role in acute postoperative pain management of opioid-naive patients undergoing total knee
arthroplasty and should not be recommended as a standard of care
Voter Support for Policies Associated With Child Health as National Campaign Priorities
Authors: Patrick Stephen W. , Loch Sarah F. , McNeer Elizabeth , Davis Matthew M. 
Published: September 2024

ImportancePolicies that are associated with child health are rarely included in platforms of candidates for national political office. Candidates may underrecognize voter support for such priorities or perceive that such policy issues are not sufficiently divisive to appeal to partisan voters. Key policy questions associated with child health may be considered by the next Congress, including the consistency of Medicaid coverage across states and restoring the recently lapsed refundable child tax credit.ObjectiveTo examine voter support for candidates regarding policies that are associated with child health.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationally representative survey of registered US voters 18 years or older was conducted from March to April 2024 and included a survey-based randomized experiment to evaluate the association of message framing with voter support.ExposuresMessages conveying distinct rationales for Medicaid reform and refundable child tax credit.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLikely or definite support for candidates.ResultsIn this sample (unweighted N = 2014; 1015 women [51.0%]), most respondents indicated they would likely or definitely vote for candidates who expressed strong support for all tested policies: extreme risk protection order (79.5%), school threat assessment (73.1%), expanded childcare (69.6%), refundable child tax credit (66.6%), federalization of Medicaid (66.0%), paid parental leave (65.5%), free school meals (65.6%), safe firearm storage and enforcement (62.9%), preventing Medicaid disenrollment for children younger than 6 years (61.9%), universal free preschool (61.6%), and summer nutrition programs (57.9%). More women than men expressed support for all tested policies. Strong majorities of Democrat and Independent voters would support candidates who endorsed child-focused policies; fewer than 50% of Republican voters expressed such support, except for the extreme risk protection order and school threat assessment. Variations in framing language regarding consistent Medicaid coverage across states were not associated with amplified or diminished voter support. Framing the refundable child tax credit as benefiting “hard-working” vs “low-income” families garnered significantly more support among men (67.0% vs 59.0%), privately insured individuals (72.0% vs 64.4%), and Republicans (54.6% vs 43.0%; all P &amp;lt; .05).Conclusions and RelevanceThe study results suggest that most voters favor candidates who strongly support policies that are associated with child health. Voter support differs substantively by gender and political party affiliation and may be associated with language choices in messaging about policy change.
Food Analysis Techniques: Introduction
Authors: McGorrin Robert J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This introductory overview summarizes a range of modern instrumental techniques and methods that are used to analyze the chemical composition of multi‐component foods and beverages. Food systems contain complex mixtures of macrocomponents including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and water, accompanied by food microcomponents comprising minerals, vitamins, flavors, pigments/colorants, and other bioactive food constituents. Traditionally, the composition of foods was obtained with “wet” chemical laboratory methods to measure moisture, ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrate content (proximate analysis). With advances in analytical chemistry, the current focus is on modern instrumental techniques including chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Following an introduction, section two summarizes the analytical challenges for measurement of chemical components of foods. In the third section, sample preparation procedures and considerations are discussed, particularly related to representative sampling and care in preventing chemical artifacts. The fourth and fifth sections address the modern instrumental approaches to analyze food macrocomponents and microcomponents, respectively, while section six summarizes techniques to measure physical properties of foods such as texture, viscosity, emulsion stability, and particle size. The final section (seven) discusses analytical techniques developed for special food applications such as quantifying pesticide residues, aflatoxins, adulterants, or enzyme activity related to texture‐thinning or bitter taste.
Fungal Innovation: Harnessing Mushrooms for Production of Sustainable Functional Materials
Authors: Zhao Anne , Berglund Linn , Rosenstock Völtz Luísa , Swamy Renald , Antonopoulou Io , Xiong Shaojun , Mouzon Johanne , Bismarck Alexander , Oksman Kristiina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Underutilized co‐ and by‐products are upgraded into materials with functional properties. The utilization of mushroom farming residues is investigated, specifically mushroom residues and spent mushroom substrate – whose chemical composition is determined – to produce cosmetic face masks, packaging films, and oil sorbents. Flexible mushroom sheets exhibit conformability and antioxidant activity between 82 and 94%, and better tensile strength in comparison with commercial cosmetic masks, making them suitable for such applications. Plasticization with glycerol increases the flexibility and tensile strain from ≈1 to 45% and moisture sorption from 32 to 100 wt.%. Spent mushroom substrate pulp yields stiff and strong rigid sheets with Young's moduli of 5 GPa and tensile strengths of 42 MPa. These sheets show 100% antioxidant activity, having hydrophobic behavior and oxygen barrier properties in dry conditions, and thus are promising for bioactive packaging applications. Foamed spent mushroom substrate sorbents demonstrate high affinity for both oil and water, with a water and oil uptake of 21 and 28 times their weight, respectively, while maintaining structural integrity. These properties make the foams viable as bio‐based oil sorbents, highlighting the potential of by‐products for advanced functional materials.
Manipulating Dynamic Fluorescent Emissions by Introducing SP Molecule into Functionalized HOFs and Application in Time‐Resolved Information Encryption
Authors: Gao Yangyang , Yang Yuhui , Wei Youhao , Li Yuqing , Cai Haitao , Wu Conghao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe powerful capability of multi‐stimulus‐responsive fluorescent hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) to respond to external chemical or physical stimuli in various manners makes them appealing in advanced information encryption. However, it is still a global challenge to manipulate the fluorescence properties finely to achieve dynamic fluorescence properties in the time dimension. Here, a feasible strategy is shown to control the emission of materials by introducing a common SP photochromic compound (1′, 3′, 3′‐trimethyl‐6‐nitro‐spiro‐ [chromene‐2, 2′‐indoline]) into functionalized HOFs, to finely manipulate the fluorescence properties. Two kinds of HOFs are successfully synthesized by modifying the unbonded carboxylic group of HOFs with Tb3+ or 5‐hexene‐1‐ol termed Tb‐HOFs and HOF‐olefin, respectively. Then, spiropyran is loaded into the Tb‐HOFs or HOFs‐olefin and dynamic fluorescence emission can be well controlled by changing the lanthanide dopants and light stimulation time. Relying on the dynamic fluorescence emission, the multilevel information encryption including anti‐counterfeiting ink, QR code, base code, and time‐resolved information storage has been successfully demonstrated, and the security level has been greatly improved. This work opens an avenue for achieving time‐resolved information storage technology, where the “time factor” is equivalent to a dynamic key, which introduces countless unpredictable possibilities and makes imitation more challenging.