bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain Management After Outpatient Shoulder Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Warrender William J. , Syed Usman Ali M. , Hammoud Sommer , Emper William , Ciccotti Michael G. , Abboud Joseph A. , Freedman Kevin B. 
Published: October 2016

Background:Effective postoperative pain management after shoulder arthroscopy is a critical component to recovery, rehabilitation, and patient satisfaction.Purpose:This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of level 1 and level 2 evidence regarding postoperative pain management for outpatient arthroscopic shoulder surgery.Study Design:Systematic review.Methods:We performed a systematic review of the various modalities reported in the literature for postoperative pain control after outpatient shoulder arthroscopy and analyzed their outcomes. Analgesic regimens reviewed include regional nerve blocks/infusions, subacromial/intra-articular injections or infusions, cryotherapy, and oral medications. Only randomized control trials with level 1 or level 2 evidence that compared 2 or more pain management modalities or placebo were included. We excluded studies without objective measures to quantify postoperative pain within the first postoperative month, subjective pain scale measurements, or narcotic consumption as outcome measures.Results:A combined total of 40 randomized control trials met our inclusion criteria. Of the 40 included studies, 15 examined nerve blocks, 4 studied oral medication regimens, 12 studied subacromial infusion, 8 compared multiple modalities, and 1 evaluated cryotherapy. Interscalene nerve blocks (ISBs) were found to be the most effective method to control postoperative pain after shoulder arthroscopy. Increasing concentrations, continuous infusions, and patient-controlled methods can be effective for more aggressively controlling pain. Dexamethasone, clonidine, intrabursal oxycodone, and magnesium have all been shown to successfully improve the duration and adequacy of ISBs when used as adjuvants. Oral pregabalin and etoricoxib administered preoperatively have evidence supporting decreased postoperative pain and increased patient satisfaction.Conclusion:On the basis of the evidence in this review, we recommend the use of ISBs as the most effective analgesic for outpatient arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
Major Depression Prevalence Increases with Latitude in Canada
Authors: Patten Scott B. , Williams Jeanne V. A. , Lavorato Dina H. , Wang Jian Li , Bulloch Andrew G. M. 
Published: October 2016

Objective: To determine whether there is an association between latitude and annual major depressive episode (MDE) prevalence in Canada. Methods: Data from 2 national survey programs (the National Population Health Survey and the Canadian Community Health Survey) were used, providing 10 data sets collected between 1996 and 2013, together including 922,260 respondents, of whom 495,739 were assessed for MDE using 1 of 2 versions of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a short-form version (8 studies), and a Canadian adaptation of the World Mental Health version (2 studies). Approximate latitude was determined by linkage to postal code data. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and pooled across surveys using individual-level meta-analytic methods. Results: In models including latitude as a continuous variable, a statistically significant association was observed, with prevalence increasing with increasing latitude. This association persisted after adjustment for a set of known risk factors. The latitude gradient was modest in magnitude, a 1% to 2% increase in the prevalence odds of MDE per degree of latitude was observed. Due to sparse data, this gradient cannot be confidently generalized beyond major population centres, which tend to occur at less than 55° latitude in Canada. Conclusion: A latitude gradient has not previously been reported. If replicated, the gradient may have implications for the planning of services and generation of aetiological hypotheses. However, this cross-sectional analysis cannot confirm aetiology and could not evaluate the potential contributions of variables such as light exposure, weather patterns, or social determinants.
Bayesian survival analysis in clinical trials: What methods are used in practice?
Authors: Brard Caroline , Le Teuff Gwénaël , Le Deley Marie-Cécile , Hampson Lisa V 
Published: October 2016

Background Bayesian statistics are an appealing alternative to the traditional frequentist approach to designing, analysing, and reporting of clinical trials, especially in rare diseases. Time-to-event endpoints are widely used in many medical fields. There are additional complexities to designing Bayesian survival trials which arise from the need to specify a model for the survival distribution. The objective of this article was to critically review the use and reporting of Bayesian methods in survival trials. Methods A systematic review of clinical trials using Bayesian survival analyses was performed through PubMed and Web of Science databases. This was complemented by a full text search of the online repositories of pre-selected journals. Cost-effectiveness, dose-finding studies, meta-analyses, and methodological papers using clinical trials were excluded. Results In total, 28 articles met the inclusion criteria, 25 were original reports of clinical trials and 3 were re-analyses of a clinical trial. Most trials were in oncology (n = 25), were randomised controlled (n = 21) phase III trials (n = 13), and half considered a rare disease (n = 13). Bayesian approaches were used for monitoring in 14 trials and for the final analysis only in 14 trials. In the latter case, Bayesian survival analyses were used for the primary analysis in four cases, for the secondary analysis in seven cases, and for the trial re-analysis in three cases. Overall, 12 articles reported fitting Bayesian regression models (semi-parametric, n = 3; parametric, n = 9). Prior distributions were often incompletely reported: 20 articles did not define the prior distribution used for the parameter of interest. Over half of the trials used only non-informative priors for monitoring and the final analysis (n = 12) when it was specified. Indeed, no articles fitting Bayesian regression models placed informative priors on the parameter of interest. The prior for the treatment effect was based on historical data in only four trials. Decision rules were pre-defined in eight cases when trials used Bayesian monitoring, and in only one case when trials adopted a Bayesian approach to the final analysis. Conclusion Few trials implemented a Bayesian survival analysis and few incorporated external data into priors. There is scope to improve the quality of reporting of Bayesian methods in survival trials. Extension of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement for reporting Bayesian clinical trials is recommended.
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome in Active Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Risk Factors
Authors: Reinking Mark F. , Austin Tricia M. , Richter Randy R. , Krieger Mary M. 
Published: October 2016

Context: Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a common condition in active individuals and presents as diffuse pain along the posteromedial border of the tibia. Objective: To use cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies to identify significant MTSS risk factors. Data Sources: Bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, PEDRo), grey literature, electronic search of full text of journals, manual review of reference lists, and automatically executed PubMed MTSS searches were utilized. All searches were conducted between 2011 and 2015. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were determined a priori and included original research with participants’ pain diffuse, located in the posterior medial tibial region, and activity related. Study Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Level of evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Titles and abstracts were reviewed to eliminate citations that did not meet the criteria for inclusion. Study characteristics identified a priori were extracted for data analysis. Statistical heterogeneity was examined using the I2 index and Cochran Q test, and a random-effects model was used to calculate the meta-analysis when 2 or more studies examined a risk factor. Two authors independently assessed study quality. Results: Eighty-three articles met the inclusion criteria, and 22 articles included risk factor data. Of the 27 risk factors that were in 2 or more studies, 5 risk factors showed a significant pooled effect and low statistical heterogeneity, including female sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.35; CI, 1.58-3.50), increased weight (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.24; CI, 0.03-0.45), higher navicular drop (SMD, 0.44; CI, 0.21-0.67), previous running injury (OR, 2.18; CI, 1.00-4.72), and greater hip external rotation with the hip in flexion (SMD, 0.44; CI, 0.23-0.65). The remaining risk factors had a nonsignificant pooled effect or significant pooled effect with high statistical heterogeneity. Conclusion: Female sex, increased weight, higher navicular drop, previous running injury, and greater hip external rotation with the hip in flexion are risk factors for the development of MTSS.
Serum free light chains, not urine specimens, should be used to evaluate response in light-chain multiple myeloma
Authors: Dejoie Thomas , Corre Jill , Caillon Helene , Hulin Cyrille , Perrot Aurore , Caillot Denis , Boyle Eileen , Chretien Marie-Lorraine , Fontan Jean , Belhadj Karim , Brechignac Sabine , Decaux Olivier , Voillat Laurent , Rodon Philippe , Fitoussi Olivier , Araujo Carla , Benboubker Lotfi , Fontan Charlotte , Tiab Mourad , Godmer Pascal , Luycx Odile , Allangba Olivier , Pignon Jean-Michel , Fuzibet Jean-Gabriel , Legros Laurence , Stoppa Anne Marie , Dib Mamoun , Pegourie Brigitte , Orsini-Piocelle Frederique , Karlin Lionel , Arnulf Bertrand , Roussel Murielle , Garderet Laurent , Mohty Mohamad , Meuleman Nathalie , Doyen Chantal , Lenain Pascal , Macro Margaret , Leleu Xavier , Facon Thierry , Moreau Philippe , Attal Michel , Avet-Loiseau Herve 
Published: October 2016

Key PointsSerum FLC analysis is a more sensitive indicator of disease than urinalysis. Improved sensitivity of serum over urine measurements during monitoring translates into valuable prognostic information.
Lifestyle and in vitro fertilization: what do patients believe?
Authors: Rossi Brooke V. , Bressler Leah Hawkins , Correia Katharine F. , Lipskind Shane , Hornstein Mark D. , Missmer Stacey A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background
Patients have many beliefs regarding lifestyle factors and IVF outcomes.

Methods
Observational study of 208 IVF patients at an academic infertility center. Main outcome measures were perceived influence of various lifestyle factors assessed by multivariable logistic regression and p-value tests for linear trend (Pt).

Results
A majority of participants believed that there were many women’s lifestyle choices that were influential, compared to fewer male factors (cessation of tobacco (72 %), alcohol (69 %), caffeine (62 %), and use of vitamins (88 %)). Compared to participants with less education, participants with a higher education level were less likely to believe vitamins were helpful and some alcohol use was not harmful. As income decreased, participants were less likely to consider dietary factors contributory to IVF success, such as women (p-trend, p = 0.02) and men (p-trend, p = 0.009) consuming a full-fat dairy diet. Participants’ beliefs were most commonly influenced by physicians (84 %) and the internet (71 %).

Conclusions
Patients believed many lifestyle factors are associated with IVF success. Understanding patients’ assumptions regarding the effect of lifestyle factors on IVF success may better allow physicians to counsel patients about IVF outcomes.
The History of the Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Tallini Giovanni , Tuttle R. Michael , Ghossein Ronald A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Context:
This review provides historical context to recent developments in the classification of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC). The evolution of the diagnostic criteria for papillary thyroid carcinoma is described, clarifying the role of molecular analysis and the impact on patient management.

Methods:
A PubMed search using the terms “follicular variant” and “papillary thyroid carcinoma” covering the years 1960 to 2016 was performed. Additional references were identified through review of the citations of the retrieved articles.

Results:
The encapsulated/well-demarcated, noninvasive form of FVPTC that occurs annually in 45,000 patients worldwide was thought for 30 years to be a carcinoma. Many studies have shown almost no recurrence in these noninvasive tumors, even in patients treated by surgery alone without radioactive iodine therapy. The categorization of the tumor as outright cancer has led to aggressive forms of treatment, with their side effects, financial costs, and the psychological and social impacts of a cancer diagnosis. Recently, the encapsulated/well-demarcated, noninvasive FVPTC was renamed as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features. The new terminology lacks the carcinoma label, enabling clinicians to avoid aggressive therapy.

Conclusions:
By understanding the history of FVPTC, future classification of tumors will be greatly improved.
Identification of cofactors influencing hypertrophy of the future liver remnant after portal vein embolization—the effect of collaterals on embolized liver volume
Authors: Zeile Martin , Bakal Artur , Volkmer Jan E , Stavrou Gregor A , Dautel Philip , Hoeltje Jan , Stang Axel , Oldhafer Karl J , Brüning Roland 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
The purpose of this retrospective study was to monitor hypertrophy of future liver remnant following portal vein embolization (PVE) before planned extended right hepatectomy. However, because individual responses to PVE are highly variable, our focus was to identify cofactors of successful hypertrophy.

Methods:
28 patients with primary or secondary liver tumours, mean age 64.1 ± 12.9 years, underwent PVE. Volumetric analysis of hypertrophy before and after PVE (median 39.0 ± 15.7 days) was performed. The embolized liver segments were investigated for occurrence of reperfusion of their portal branches. Blood parameters before PVE were additionally investigated.

Results:
Patients were divided into responders (21/28) and non-responders (7/28) by post-PVE standardized future liver remnant being above or below 25%, respectively. No significant differences between the groups were found regarding biometric and volumetric parameters before PVE. In the entire group after PVE, the mean absolute increase of Segments 2 and 3 was 196.0 ± 84.7 cm3 and the median relative increase was 46.6 ± 98.8%. The formation of left to right hepatic portoportal collaterals exhibited a negative correlation to successful hypertrophy (p = 0.004) as well as low plasma total protein (p = 0.019). Successful embolization of Segment IV showed only a trend to significance (p = 0.098).

Conclusion:
Cofactors associated with a favourable outcome regarding hypertrophy were the absence of collaterals in the control CT scans and high plasma total protein.

Advances in knowledge:
Portoportal collaterals negatively influence hypertrophy after PVE. On the other hand, plasma total protein is a positive prognostic indicator on hypertrophy of the liver in our cohort.
Aprendizagem empreendedora para inovação: estudo de casos de pequenas empresas do programa ALI
Authors: Fortes Gustavo Passos , Lopes Carla Cristine Silva , Teixeira Rivanda Meira 
Published: October 2016

Embora evidente a influência do processo de aprendizagem na geração e implementação de inovações bem como o impacto da inovação na aprendizagem empreendedora, ainda são emergentes os estudos empíricos que relacionem os dois temas. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar como os empreendedores participantes do programa agentes locais de inovação-ALI, desenvolvido pelo SEBRAE, aprenderam a inovar observando-se especificamente, os modos de aprendizagem experiencial, formal, por network e vicarious learning. Foi realizado por meio de um estudo de casos múltiplos, com dois casos de sucesso do programa Agentes Locais de inovação-ALI. Após a descrição individual foi realizada análise comparativa dos casos em que foram destacadas as semelhanças e diferenças com relação a cada modo de aprendizagem definidos como os mais relevantes. Com base nas evidências verificou-se que os diversos modos de aprendizagem empreendedora foram identificados e que esses tipos de aprendizagem empreendedora contribuíram para suas inovações empresariais.
Perfil de suicidas chilenos vía análisis de contenido de notas póstumas
Authors: CEBALLOS-ESPINOZA FRANCISCO , CHAVEZ-HERNANDEZ ANA MARIA 
Published: October 2016

En Chile anualmente mueren aproximadamente 2 000 personas por suicidio. La tasa de 11,3 suicidios lo ubica como país de alto riesgo. Objetivo: identificar características de personalidad y cognoscitivas del grupo de suicidas de Chile que dejaron nota suicida, realizando un análisis de su contenido. Método: estudio de campo, descriptivo y ex post facto. Se analizaron todos los casos de suicidio registrados del 2010 al 2012 por la Policía de Investigaciones de Chile, localizándose 203 notas de 96 suicidas. Se aplicó el método de interjueces y la guía de categorías de Darbonne para el análisis de contenido. Resultados: la edad promedio de los suicidas fue 44,2 años (SD = 18,53). La mayoría de las notas fueron dirigidas a familiares (51,7%). Las razones para el suicidio más comúnmente expresadas fueron maritales o interpersonales (24,6%); otro 23,6% expresó una falta de sentido para vivir (incluyendo desesperanza, depresión, deseos de morir y baja autoestima). El contenido más frecuente fueron instrucciones (sobre dinero, hijos o funeral). Todas las notas mostraron un curso de pensamiento lógico y fueron escritas con coherencia y claridad. Notablemente, 42% de las notas tenía afectos positivos, amor y dependencia de otros. En cuanto a actitudes, las más comunes fueron de escape o despedida (42,4%), seguidas por fatalismo, desesperanza, frustración y cansancio (40%). En las diferentes categorías de análisis (razones manifiestas para el suicidio, sentimientos, actitudes, afectos y enfoque general de la nota) se encontraron 24 diferencias significativas según cohortes de edad, estado civil y sexo. Conclusiones: los resultados coadyuvan para crear el perfil del suicida chileno y para la implementación de programas de prevención del suicidio.
Machine Learning for Predicting Vaccine Immunogenicity
Authors: Lee Eva K. , Nakaya Helder I. , Yuan Fan , Querec Troy D. , Burel Greg , Pietz Ferdinand H. , Benecke Bernard A. , Pulendran Bali 
Published: October 2016

The ability to predict how different individuals will respond to vaccination and to understand what best protects individuals from infection greatly facilitates developing next-generation vaccines. It facilitates both the rapid design and evaluation of new and emerging vaccines and identifies individuals unlikely to be protected by vaccine. We describe a general-purpose machine-learning framework, DAMIP, for discovering gene signatures that can predict vaccine immunity and efficacy. DAMIP is a multiple-group, concurrent classifier that offers unique features not present in other models: a nonlinear data transformation to manage the curse of dimensionality and noise; a reserved-judgment region that handles fuzzy entities; and constraints on the allowed percentage of misclassifications. Using DAMIP, implemented results for yellow fever demonstrated that, for the first time, a vaccine’s ability to immunize a patient could be successfully predicted (with accuracy of greater than 90 percent) within one week after vaccination. A gene identified by DAMIP, EIF2AK4, decrypted a seven-decade-old mystery of vaccination. Results for flu vaccine demonstrated DAMIP’s applicability to both live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines. Results in a malaria study enabled targeted delivery to individual patients. Our project’s methods and findings permit highlighting and probabilistically prioritizing hypothesis design to enhance biological discovery. Moreover, they guide the rapid development of better vaccines to fight emerging infections, and improve monitoring for poor responses in the elderly, infants, or others with weakened immune systems. In addition, the project’s work should help with universal flu-vaccine design.
YOUNGSTER’S ATTITUDES TO SCHOOL-BASED PREVENTION PROGRAMS FOCUSED ON DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION
Authors: Odraskova Barbora , Kozubík Michal , Odraska Lukas 
Published: October 2016

paper focuses on primary prevention of drug addiction, in particular the primary prevention programs implemented in school environments. It contains the results of a quantitative research conducted using a non-standardized questionnaire method. The study objective was to identify differences in attitudes of a group of pupils towards the issue of drug addiction before and after they completed the school-based prevention program. The study found that after completing the school-based prevention program there was improvement in attitudes towards the issue of drug addiction in the specific group of pupils. The number of appropriate answers to the question “Alcohol makes people happy” increased by 18.82 %. respondents (62.70%) disagreed that they would adapt themselves if their opinion differed to the majority. The number of positive answers to the question “Smoking is addictive” increased by 13.66%; the number of positive answers to the question “Drinking alcohol is harmful” increased by 24.93%; and all respondents agreed with the statement that smoking threatens health.
RISK ANALYSIS IN THE PROCESS OF PREPARING AND CREATING A MUNICIPAL PLAN
Authors: Pavlenko Tomáš , Dvorský Ján 
Published: October 2016

Risks arise during municipal planning activities, the negative impacts of which can influence the lives of local residents. The importance of municipal planning lies in the proposed material and the coordination and timing of activities influencing the environment, cultural-historical values of an area, territorial development, and creation of landscapes in line with principles of long-term sustainable development. By implementing risk management with an emphasis on objectively selecting and assessing risks in the preparation and creation of a municipal plan, an increase in the safety of the territory as a whole is expected. Municipal planning authorities project specific intentions for an area, while coordinating the public’s interest. The results of our qualitative assessment of selected risks identified those that were most significant when creating a municipal plan and which require foremost consideration.