bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approaches to regional lymph node metastasis in patients with head and neck mucosal melanoma
Authors: Amit Moran , Tam Samantha , Abdelmeguid Ahmed S. , Roberts Dianna B. , Raza Shaan M. , Su Shirley Y. , Kupferman Michael E. , DeMonte Franco , Hanna Ehab Y. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDMucosal melanomas in the head and neck region are most often located in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. To the authors' knowledge, the prognostic effects of lymph node metastasis in patients with sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) have not been established. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to determine the effects of lymph node metastasis on survival.METHODSThe current study included 198 patients with SNMM who had been treated between 1985 and 2016 at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. Patients' clinical and pathologic lymph node statuses were evaluated and characterized. A multivariate analysis was used to assess the associations between regional spread and survival outcomes.RESULTSTherapeutic neck dissection was performed in 23 patients with SNMM (11.6%). Regional disease recurrence occurred in 7 of the patients who had lymph node metastasis at the time of presentation (30.4%) and in 30 of those who had N0 disease at the time of presentation (17.1%) (P = .15). Metastasis to the contralateral lymph nodes was present in 7 patients (3.5%). The 5‐year disease‐specific survival rate was 66% in patients with lymph node spread compared with 45% in patients with N0 status (P = .04, log‐rank test). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that distant metastasis was the only variable found to be independently associated with both overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.54‐6.95 [P = .01]) and disease‐specific survival (hazard ratio, 3.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.79‐7.14 [P = 0.01]).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study demonstrated that lymph node status in patients with SNMM was not a significant predictor of outcome. This finding, together with the low incidence of lymph node metastases in patients with SNMM, suggests that elective treatment of the neck should be highly selective in this patient population. Cancer 2018;124:514‐20. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
An online color naming experiment in Russian using Munsell color samples
Authors: Paramei Galina V. , Griber Yulia A. , Mylonas Dimitris 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRussian color naming was explored in a web‐based experiment. The purpose was 3‐fold: to examine (1) CIELAB coordinates of centroids for 12 Russian basic color terms (BCTs), including 2 Russian terms for “blue”, sinij “dark blue”, and goluboj “light blue”, and compare these with coordinates for the 11 English BCTs obtained in earlier studies; (2) frequent nonBCTs; and (3) gender differences in color naming. Native Russian speakers participated in the experiment using an unconstrained color‐naming method. Each participant named 20 colors, selected from 600 colors densely sampling the Munsell Color Solid. Color names and response times of typing onset were registered. Several deviations between centroids of the Russian and English BCTs were found. The 2 “Russian blues”, as expected, divided the BLUE area along the lightness dimension; their centroids deviated from a centroid of English blue. Further minor departures were found between centroids of Russian and English counterparts of “brown” and “red”. The Russian color inventory confirmed the linguistic refinement of the PURPLE area, with high frequencies of nonBCTs. In addition, Russian speakers revealed elaborated naming strategies and use of a rich inventory of nonBCTs. Elicitation frequencies of the 12 BCTs were comparable for both genders; however, linguistic segmentation of color space, employing a synthetic observer, revealed gender differences in naming colors, with more refined naming of the “warm” colors from females. We conclude that, along with universal perceptual factors, that govern categorical partition of color space, Russian speakers’ color naming reflects language‐specific factors, supporting the weak relativity hypothesis.
Palladium Complexes of Carbazole‐Based Chalcogenaisophlorins: Synthesis, Structure, and Solid‐State NIR Absorption Spectra
Authors: Maeda Chihiro , Takaishi Kazuto , Ema Tadashi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAnnulation reactions of the butadiyne‐bridged carbazole dimer 1 produced carbazole‐based chalcogenaisophlorins 2–4, which were transformed into the corresponding palladium complexes 2Pd–4Pd. The structures were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Metallation fixed the structures which displayed weak antiaromatic character derived from the 20π isophlorin framework. These complexes showed weak near‐infrared (NIR) absorption typical for antiaromatic porphyrinoids in solution. In addition, 2Pd and 3Pd showed relatively strong solid‐state NIR absorption. X‐ray diffraction analyses of 2Pd and 3Pd revealed trimeric and dimeric stacked layered structures, respectively, and DFT calculations suggest that the solid‐state NIR absorption is ascribed to intermolecular charge transfer.
Neutral lipid fatty acid composition as trait and constraint in Collembola evolution
Authors: Chen Ting‐Wen , Sandmann Philipp , Schaefer Ina , Scheu Stefan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFunctional traits determine the occurrence of species along environmental gradients and their coexistence with other species. Understanding how traits evolved among coexisting species helps to infer community assembly processes. We propose fatty acid composition in consumer tissue as a functional trait related to both food resources and physiological functions of species. We measured phylogenetic signal in fatty acid profiles of 13 field‐sampled Collembola (springtail) species and then combined the data with published fatty acid profiles of another 24 species. Collembola fatty acid profiles generally showed phylogenetic signal, with related species resembling each other. Long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, related to physiological functions, demonstrated phylogenetic signal. In contrast, most food resource biomarker fatty acids and the ratios between bacterial, fungal, and plant biomarker fatty acids exhibited no phylogenetic signal. Presumably, fatty acids related to physiological functions have been constrained during Collembola evolutionary history: Species with close phylogenetic affinity experienced similar environments during divergence, while niche partitioning in food resources among closely related species favored species coexistence. Measuring phylogenetic signal in ecologically relevant traits of coexisting species provides an evolutionary perspective to contemporary assembly processes of ecological communities. Integrating phylogenetic comparative methods with community phylogenetic and trait‐based approaches may compensate for the limitations of each method when used alone and improve understanding of processes driving and maintaining assembly patterns.
Internode morphometrics and allometry of Tonkin Cane Pseudosasa amabilis
Authors: Cheng Liang , Hui Cang , Reddy Gadi V. P. , Ding Yu‐Long , Shi Pei‐Jian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPseudosasa amabilis (McClure) (Poales: Gramineae) is a typical bamboo species naturally distributed in large area of south China and famous for its culm strength. Although bamboos were found to share the same development rule, the detailed internode morphology of bamboo culm was actually not fully expressed. We explored internode morphology of P. amabilis using 11 different physical parameters in different dimensions (1–4). As Taylor's power law (TPL) is generally applicable to describe relationship between mean and variance of population density, here we used TPL to evaluate the differences between internodes, and further, the relationship between dimension and TPL. Results showed that length (L), hollow radius (HR), hollow area (HA), hollow cylinder volume (HCV), total cylinder volume (TCV), density (De), and weight (W) all presented positive skewed distribution in varying degrees. For the basic one‐dimensional parameters, the 9th internode was the longest, the 7th the heaviest, while thickness (T) decreased with internodes. Diameter (D) decreased in general but with an inconspicuous local mode at the 5–6th internodes, potentially due to the rapid height growth. The longest (9th) internode was the “turning point” for T‐D and HR‐D relationships. Scatter plot changing trends of W to the one‐dimensional parameters after the heaviest (7th) internode were reversed, indicating a deceleration of growth speed. TPL was not holding well in one‐dimensional parameters (R2: 0.5413–0.8125), but keep increasing as the parameter's dimension increasing (R2 > 0.92 for two‐dimensional, R2 > 0.97 for three‐dimensional, and R2 > 0.99 for four‐dimensional parameters.), suggesting an emergence mechanism of TPL related to both the physical dimensions of morphological measures and the allometric growth of bamboo. From the physical fundamental level, all existences are the expression of energy distribution in different dimensions, implying a more general rule that energy distribution holds better TPL in higher dimension level.
Quantifying resilience of multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity in a temperate forest landscape
Authors: Cantarello Elena , Newton Adrian C. , Martin Philip A. , Evans Paul M. , Gosal Arjan , Lucash Melissa S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractResilience is increasingly being considered as a new paradigm of forest management among scientists, practitioners, and policymakers. However, metrics of resilience to environmental change are lacking. Faced with novel disturbances, forests may be able to sustain existing ecosystem services and biodiversity by exhibiting resilience, or alternatively these attributes may undergo either a linear or nonlinear decline. Here we provide a novel quantitative approach for assessing forest resilience that focuses on three components of resilience, namely resistance, recovery, and net change, using a spatially explicit model of forest dynamics. Under the pulse set scenarios, we explored the resilience of nine ecosystem services and four biodiversity measures following a one‐off disturbance applied to an increasing percentage of forest area. Under the pulse + press set scenarios, the six disturbance intensities explored during the pulse set were followed by a continuous disturbance. We detected thresholds in net change under pulse + press scenarios for the majority of the ecosystem services and biodiversity measures, which started to decline sharply when disturbance affected >40% of the landscape. Thresholds in net change were not observed under the pulse scenarios, with the exception of timber volume and ground flora species richness. Thresholds were most pronounced for aboveground biomass, timber volume with respect to the ecosystem services, and ectomycorrhizal fungi and ground flora species richness with respect to the biodiversity measures. Synthesis and applications. The approach presented here illustrates how the multidimensionality of stability research in ecology can be addressed and how forest resilience can be estimated in practice. Managers should adopt specific management actions to support each of the three components of resilience separately, as these may respond differently to disturbance. In addition, management interventions aiming to deliver resilience should incorporate an assessment of both pulse and press disturbances to ensure detection of threshold responses to disturbance, so that appropriate management interventions can be identified.
Optimizing methods to estimate zooplankton concentration based on generalized patterns of patchiness inside ballast tanks and ballast water discharges
Authors: Bailey Sarah A. , Rajakaruna Harshana 
Published: October 2017

AbstractZooplankton populations are spatially heterogeneous in nature and inside ship ballast tanks. Sampling methods should take heterogeneity into account, particularly when estimating quantitative variables such as abundance or concentration. It is particularly important to generate unbiased estimates of zooplankton concentration in ballast water when assessing compliance with new international ballast water discharge standards. We measured spatial heterogeneity of zooplankton within ballast water using three sampling methodologies. In‐tank pump samples were collected at fixed depths within the vertical part of the ballast tank (side tank). Vertical net‐haul samples were collected from the upper portion of the tank as a depth‐integrated and historically relevant method. In‐line, time‐integrated samples were collected during ballast discharge by an isokinetic sample probe, likely representing the double bottom part of the ballast tank. The bias and precision associated with each sampling method were evaluated in reference to the estimated average abundance of the entire ballast tank, which was modeled from the data collected by all methods. In‐tank pump samples provided robust evidence for vertical stratification of zooplankton concentration in the side tank. A consistent trend was also observed for in‐line discharge samples, with zooplankton concentration decreasing through time as the ballast tank is being discharged. Sample representativeness, as compared to the tank average, varied depending on the depth or tank volume discharged. In‐line discharge samples provided the least biased and most precise estimate of average tank abundance (having lowest mean squared error) when collected during the time frame of 20%–60% of the tank volume being discharged. Results were consistent across five trips despite differences in ballast water source, season, and age.
Responses to a warming world: Integrating life history, immune investment, and pathogen resistance in a model insect species
Authors: Laughton Alice M. , O'Connor Cian O. , Knell Robert J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEnvironmental temperature has important effects on the physiology and life history of ectothermic animals, including investment in the immune system and the infectious capacity of pathogens. Numerous studies have examined individual components of these complex systems, but little is known about how they integrate when animals are exposed to different temperatures. Here, we use the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) to understand how immune investment and disease resistance react and potentially trade‐off with other life‐history traits. We recorded life‐history (development time, survival, fecundity, and body size) and immunity (hemocyte counts, phenoloxidase activity) measures and tested resistance to bacterial (E. coli) and viral (Plodia interpunctella granulosis virus) infection at five temperatures (20–30°C). While development time, lifespan, and size decreased with temperature as expected, moths exhibited different reproductive strategies in response to small changes in temperature. At cooler temperatures, oviposition rates were low but tended to increase toward the end of life, whereas warmer temperatures promoted initially high oviposition rates that rapidly declined after the first few days of adult life. Although warmer temperatures were associated with strong investment in early reproduction, there was no evidence of an associated trade‐off with immune investment. Phenoloxidase activity increased most at cooler temperatures before plateauing, while hemocyte counts increased linearly with temperature. Resistance to bacterial challenge displayed a complex pattern, whereas survival after a viral challenge increased with rearing temperature. These results demonstrate that different immune system components and different pathogens can respond in distinct ways to changes in temperature. Overall, these data highlight the scope for significant changes in immunity, disease resistance, and host–parasite population dynamics to arise from small, biologically relevant changes to environmental temperature. In light of global warming, understanding these complex interactions is vital for predicting the potential impact of insect disease vectors and crop pests on public health and food security.
Electrochemical Behaviour Study and Determination of Guanine, 6‐Thioguanine, Acyclovir and Gancyclovir on Fluorine‐doped SnO2Electrode. Application in Pharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: Martínez‐Rojas F. , Del Valle M. A. , Isaacs M. , Ramírez Galo , Armijo F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn electroanalytical method using square wave voltammetry (SWV) is proposed for the quantification of Guanine (G), 6‐Thioguanine (TG), Acyclovir (Acy) and Ganciclovir (Gan) in different types of pharmacological samples. In addition, for the first time, a study of the electrochemical behavior (using cyclic voltammetry, CV) of guanine and its pharmacological derivatives on fluoride doped oxide (FTO) electrodes was carried out. The study of CV potential scanning demonstrated the charge transfer process was diffusion controlled and the diffusion coefficient was determined for all the studied products. Besides, electrochemical parameters, such as transfer coefficient, heterogeneous charge transfer constant and the number of electrons transferred (e) were determined namely, 4e for TG and 2e for G, Acy and Gan. SWV studies at pH 4 for G and 2 for TG, Acy and Gan showed linear ranges between 4.0×10−6and 40.0×10−6 mol L−1, with detection limits of 0.91×10−6for G, and 1.50×10−6for TG, 1.25×10−6for Acy and 0.45×10−6 mol L−1for Gan. The method presents sensitivity and stability appropriate to be employed in quality control and routine quantification of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.
Controlling the oxidative stability of biodiesel using oils or biodiesel blending or antioxidants addition
Authors: Canha Nuno , Felizardo Pedro , Correia M. Joana Neiva 
Published: October 2017

Among the 25 parameters established by the European Standard (EN14214:2012) to certify the quality of biodiesel, the oxidative stability is of concern, particularly when storing biodiesel for long periods. The products of biodiesel degradation are corrosive and lead to the formation of engine deposits that can block the filters and fuel injectors. Thus, EN14214:2012 establishes a period of 8 h for the oxidative stability of biodiesel. The main goal of this work is to study the effect of storage conditions in the oxidative stability of biodiesel and to understand how to control this property on the different stages of biodiesel production, namely through: (1) the use of different raw‐materials, blending, and production strategies; (2) the addition of antioxidants. NIR spectroscopy was used to follow the transesterification reaction and to analyze the different biodiesel samples. The storage conditions, such as sunlight exposure, temperature and presence of air, have a great impact on the oxidative degradation of biodiesel. Actually, for example, a decrease in 50% of the oxidative stability was obtained after less than 20 days of storage in an opaque plastic bottle. On the other hand, the addition of 20% (w/w) of palm oil to rapeseed or soybean oils allows to increase the oxidative stability by 1 h and the addition of palm biodiesel to rapeseed or soy biodiesel has a similar effect. Hydroquinone showed to be a very effective antioxidant. In fact, the addition of 114 mg/kg lead to an increase in the induction period of soybean biodiesel of more than 4 hours, whereas 65 mg/kg is sufficient to reach the 8h established in the European Norm. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1031–1040, 2018
Forensic source attribution for toluene in environmental samples
Authors: Richards Philip I. , Sandau Court D. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

The formation of toluene by microbiological processes can confound environmental investigations relating to petroleum releases. This is because toluene is a constituent of petroleum and can move readily within wetland environments, and analysis for toluene in relation to a petroleum release can lead to incorrect assignment of detected biogenic toluene as related to the release. No legally defensible method of distinguishing biogenic and petrogenic origins of detectible concentrations of toluene have been demonstrated to date. Using example petrogenic samples and samples of peat from 2 wetland environments, a poor bog and a poor fen, the present study demonstrates the use of an established ASTM International analytical methodology that was originally designed for arson analysis for the determination of the origin of toluene. Environmental forensic data-interpretation methods such as chromatogram inspection and diagnostic ratios are shown to be capable of readily distinguishing biogenic and petrogenic origins of toluene. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:729–737. © 2017 SETAC
Abstract
The detection of biogenic toluene in wetlands can be distinguished from petrogenic toluene froma petroleum release using stepwise environmental forensics data interpretation.
Identification of somatic genetic alterations in ovarian clear cell carcinoma with next generation sequencing
Authors: Shibuya Yusuke , Tokunaga Hideki , Saito Sakae , Shimokawa Kazurou , Katsuoka Fumiki , Bin Li , Kojima Kaname , Nagasaki Masao , Yamamoto Masayuki , Yaegashi Nobuo , Yasuda Jun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOvarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is the most refractory subtype of ovarian cancer and more prevalent in Japanese than Caucasians (25% and 5% of all ovarian cancer, respectively). The aim of this study is to discover the genomic alterations that may cause OCCC and effective molecular targets for chemotherapy. Paired genomic DNAs of 48 OCCC tissues and corresponding noncancerous tissues were extracted from formalin‐fixed, paraffin embedded specimens collected between 2007 and 2015 at Tohoku University Hospital. All specimens underwent exome sequencing and the somatic genetic alterations were identified. We divided the cases into three clusters based on the mutation spectra. Clinical characteristics such as age of onset and endometriosis are similar among the clusters but one cluster shows mutations related to APOBEC activation, indicating its contribution to subset of OCCC cases. There are three hypermutated cases (showing 12‐fold or higher somatic mutations than the other 45 cases) and they have germline and somatic mismatch repair gene alterations. The frequently mutated genes are ARID1A (66.7%), PIK3CA (50%), PPP2R1A (18.8%), and KRAS (16.7%). Somatic mutations important for selection of chemotherapeutic agents, such as BRAF, ERBB2, PDGFRB, PGR, and KRAS are found in 27.1% of OCCC cases, indicating clinical importance of exome analysis for OCCC. Our study suggests that the genetic instability caused by either mismatch repair defect or activation of APOBEC play critical roles in OCCC carcinogenesis.
Thirty‐year expansion of construction land in Xi'an: Spatial pattern and potential driving factors
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Xiao Feiyan , Zhang Yuan , Yin Lichang , Lesi Muchu , Guo Bin , Zhao Yonghua 
Published: October 2017

China has witnessed rapid urban growth over the past 3 decades resulting in vast ecological and environmental issues. Understanding the process of construction land (Cl) expansion and its driving factors are crucial for urban growth planning and management to mitigate the adverse impacts of such growth. Based on remote sensing data for 1975, 1990, 2000, and 2008, we monitored Cl changes in Xi'an City over the past 3 decades. The land use transform matrices were calculated. The results showed that from 1975 to 2008, remarkable changes in Cl occurred in Xi'an City. Over the past 30 years, the Cl concentration spread from one centre to multiple centres. The elevation, slope, traffic condition, wetland, education industry, rebuilding of city village, and historical and cultural sites may be the most important driving forces. We therefore recommend discussing the interactions of these potential driving factors within the Cl sprawl.