bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioerosion by the sea urchin Diadema mexicanum along Eastern Tropical Pacific coral reefs
Authors: Alvarado Juan José , Cortés Jorge , Guzman Hector , Reyes‐Bonilla Héctor 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBioerosion is a natural process in coral reefs. It is fundamental to the health of these ecosystems. In the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) coral reefs, the most important bioeroders are sponges, bivalves, sea urchins and the fish Arothron meleagris. In the 1980s, El Niño caused high coral mortality and an increase in macroalgal growth. As a result, greater sea urchin bioerosion occurred. This weakened the reef framework. Considering the high vulnerability of the ETP coral reefs, the goal of this study was to determine the current bioerosion impact of the sea urchin Diadema mexicanum along the western coasts of Mexico, El Salvador, Costa Rica and Panamá. The balance between coral bioaccretion and sea urchin bioerosion was also calculated. Between 2009 and 2010, in 12 coral reefs localities, D. mexicanum density, bottom cover and rugosity were quantified along band transects. The daily bioerosion rate was obtained from the amount of carbonates evacuated by sea urchins per unit time. The rate of coral accretion was calculated by multiplying the coral growth rate of the dominant genus by the density of their skeleton and by their specific coral cover. The localities were dissimilar (R = 0.765, P < 0.001) in terms of live coral cover, crustose calcareous algae, turf cover, rugosity index, and density and size of D. mexicanum. At all sites, with the exception of Bahía Culebra (Costa Rica), coral bioerosion was less than coral bioaccretion. Diadema mexicanum plays a dominant role in the balance of carbonates in the ETP, but this depends on reef condition (protection, overfishing, eutrophication) and so the impacts can be either positive or negative.
Characterization of MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Patients with Giant Cell Tumor
Authors: Qin Shu , He Neng‐bin , Yan Hong‐liang , Dong Yang 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveGiant cell tumors of bone (GCTs) are bone destructive neoplasms, the bone resorption being mediated by osteoclasts. Given that microRNAs are crucially involved in tumorigenesis and the modulation of cell fate and behavior, they are promising candidates for regulation of osteoclastogenesis. However, no reliable miRNAs profile for GCT is available. Our study aimed to evaluate osteoclastogenesis‐related miRNA expression in GCTs of Chinese patients.MethodsFrom January 2013 to December 2014, 11 patients with GCTs were treated in our department and grouped into a GCT group. A control group comprising four patients with benign tumors of the iliac bone was established. The diagnoses were initially established by imaging examinations and intraoperative frozen sections and later confirmed by standard histologic examination. The GCT group (five male and six female patients) were aged from 17 to 61 years (mean, 32.9 years; SD, 12.8 years). Six patients with GCT underwent intralesional curettage surgery and the other five wide resection. According to Campanacci grading, four patients had Grade I tumors, three Grade II, and three Grade III. The average age of the control group was 28.75 years (SD, 14.24 years); all of them were diagnosed as having benign tumors and underwent iliac grafting. The morphology of the excised tissue was evaluated by examining standardized hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained paraffin‐embedded samples. In all, three osteoclastogenesis‐related RNAs and 20 microRNAs (miRNAs) were extracted from the patients. The strength of expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR
) and the results assessed by a Student's t test.Results
Examination of HE stained sections revealed that the higher the Campanacci grade, the more numerous and bigger the osteoclasts (P < 0.05). PCR results indicated large amounts of osteoclast‐related mRNA (cathepsin K, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase and matrix metalloproteinase9) in GCTs (P < 0.05). Expression of six miRNAs was significantly weaker in the GCT than the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of has‐mir‐16‐5p and has‐let‐7a‐5p was correlated with Campanacci grade in the GCT patients (P = 0.009 and 0.034, respectively). The expression of these two miRNAs may indicate severity of bone destruction.ConclusionOverall, the clinical utility of six novel miRNA markers for GCTs was demonstrated. Of these, strength of expression of hsa‐mir‐16‐5p and hsa‐let‐7a‐5p may indicate the grade of bone resorption.
Open Surgery for Osteoid Osteoma with Three Dimensional C‐arm Scan under the Guidance of Computer Navigation
Authors: Lin Nong , Ye Zhao‐ming , Qu Hao , Yan Xiao‐bo , Pan Wei‐bo , Huang Xin , Liu Meng 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical outcomes of open surgery for osteoid osteoma with three‐dimensional (3‐D) C‐arm scan under the guidance of computer navigation.MethodsThe clinical data of 14 patients who had undergone 3‐D C‐arm scan under the guidance of computer navigation during open surgery for osteoid osteoma from March 2012 to June 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. There were nine male and five female subjects aged from 9 to 55 years (mean, 26 years). Eight of the tumors were located in the femur, four in the tibia, one in the humerus and one in the scapula. Preoperative pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores ranged from 2 to 6 (mean ± SD, 4.7 ± 1.1). Conventional surgical approaches were used to expose the tumor surfaces depending on their locations. Involved regions were scanned by 3‐D C‐arm fluoroscopy during the procedure and then the tumors were accurately located and their niduses removed under the guidance of computer navigation. Afterwards, repeat 3‐D C‐arm scans of the surgical region were performed to confirm tumor eradication. None of the patients received postoperative intravenous analgesia. Eight patients received oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on the day of surgery, these drugs being discontinued on the second postoperative day. Postoperative pathological diagnoses were recorded. At the follow‐up visits, imaging and VAS scores were obtained to evaluate the therapeutic effect and any evidence of recurrence.ResultsAll the patients successfully underwent computer navigation‐guided surgery. The duration of surgery ranged from 60 to 135 min (mean, 94 min) and the amount of bleeding from 50 to 150 mL (mean, 80 mL). None of the patients needed bone grafting or internal fixation. No complications were seen. All patients were followed up for 4 to 36 months (mean, 16 months). Postoperative pathological diagnoses of osteoid osteoma were made in 12 patients; thus, the rate of pathologically confirmed diagnosis was 86%. VAS scores decrease to an average of 1.4 ± 0.6 3 days after surgery and were zero for all patients 4 months after surgery. No tumor recurrence was found by X‐ray or CT scan examination during follow‐up.ConclusionsThe niduses of osteoid osteomas can be eradicated by open surgery with 3‐D C‐arm scan under the guidance of computer navigation with minimal damage to bone structure and a high rate of pathologically confirmed diagnoses.
Delay in Diagnosis and Its Effect on Clinical Outcome in High‐grade Sarcoma of Bone: A Referral Oncological Centre Study
Authors: Goedhart Louren M , Gerbers Jasper G , Ploegmakers Joris J W , Jutte Paul C 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate delay in diagnosis by both patients and doctors, and to evaluate its effect on outcomes of high‐grade sarcoma of bone in a single‐referral oncological center.MethodsFifty‐four patients with osteosarcoma, 29 with Ewing sarcoma and 19 with chondrosarcoma were enrolled in this retrospective study. Delay in diagnosis was defined as the period between initial clinical symptoms and histopathological diagnosis at our center. The delays were categorized as patient‐ or doctor‐related. Short total delays were defined as <4 months; prolonged delays >4 months were assumed to have prognostic relevance.ResultsTotal delay in diagnosis was 688.0 days in patients with chondrosarcoma, which is significantly longer than the 163.3 days for osteosarcoma (P < 0.01) and 160.2 days for Ewing sarcoma (P < 0.01). Most doctor‐related delays were at the pre‐hospital stage, occurring at the general practitioner (GP)'s office. However, prolonged total delays (≥4 months) did not result in lower survival rates. Five‐year‐overall survival rates were 67.0% for osteosarcoma, 49.0% for Ewing sarcoma and 60.9% for chondrosarcoma. Survival was significantly lower for patients with metastatic disease for all three types of sarcoma.ConclusionProlonged delay in diagnosis does not result in lower survival. Metastatic disease has a pronounced effect on survival. Aggressive tumor behavior results in shorter delays. Minimizing GP‐related delays could be achieved by adopting a lower threshold for obtaining plain radiographs at the pre‐hospital stage.
Biological Reconstruction in Bone Sarcomas: Lessons from Three Decades of Experience
Authors: San‐Julian Mikel , Vazquez‐Garcia Blanca 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo review research on all patients treated by biological reconstruction after resection of bone sarcomas between 1987 and 2015 at our hospital.MethodsOne thousand one hundred and sixty‐seven cortical allografts and 166 cortical autografts were retrospectively analyzed. Radiological studies had been performed to determine the timing of consolidation of the grafts at both the metaphyseal and diaphyseal osteotomies. A prospective isotopic study with 99 Tc was done in order to evaluate the revascularization of allografts. Histological, immunohistochemistry and fluorescence techniques were used on retrieved allografts to evaluate their integration. Complications, functional results and possible relationships with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility, were also reviewed.ResultsThe mean age of these patients with bone sarcomas was 19 years (range, 3–69 years). The mean length of cortical allografts was 19.5 cm (range, 4–42 cm) and of autografts 8 cm (range, 6–15 cm). The mean consolidation time of diaphyseal osteotomies was 16 months. The mean time to consolidation was 5 months for vascularized autografts and 12 months for non‐vascularized grafts. New bone formation was observed at the host bone–allograft junction. Complications included non‐union (16.2%), fractures (8.2%) and infections (11.8%). The incidence of complications was higher in the non‐compatible group; however, no significant relationship was found between HLA compatibility (or lack thereof) and the occurrence of complications.ConclusionsAllografts are a good option for reconstruction after removal of larger tumors. It is necessary to take into account the mechanisms of incorporation and the measures that can be taken to reduce complications.
Public Transfers and Participation Decisions in Botswana's Subsistence Economy
Authors: Seleka Tebogo B. , Lekobane Khaufelo R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBotswana has an extensive set of publicly provided cash and in‐kind food transfers geared at providing a safety net to poor and vulnerable groups. While such programs have improved household welfare, from a theoretical perspective they could have also created work disincentives or welfare dependency among recipient families. This article tackles this issue by modeling the impact of publicly provided cash and in‐kind food transfers on farmer participation decisions in the subsistence crop economy in Botswana, using a probit regression and agricultural census data for 2004. Results show that social pensions have had no impact on farmer participation decisions, most likely because they are too small to influence household behavior. However, government food rations (GFRs) have reduced the probability of farmer participation in subsistence crop production, and, hence, have created work disincentive among recipient subsistence families. Specifically, recipient families of GFRs are 8.1 percentage points less likely to participate in crop production than non‐recipient households.
A Description of Suicides in the Army National Guard During 2007–2014 and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Griffith James 
Published: July 2016

Suicide, due to its increased occurrence in recent years, has been a chief concern of the U.S. military. While there have been many published studies on the topic, conspicuously absent are studies that have included reserve military personnel. To fill this gap, this study reports descriptive statistics of personnel information and events surrounding 706 Army National Guard suicides that had occurred from 2007 through 2014. Comparative personnel information for random samples of nonsuicides for similar years (8 years, 1,000 cases per year) allowed examining factors associated most with suicide. Findings were very similar to those observed in the active duty Army and civilian populations. Primary risk factors for suicide were as follows: age (young), gender (male), and race/ethnicity (White). Most suicides occurred in nonmilitary status (86%) involving personal firearms (72%). Most frequent events surrounding the suicide were as follows: poor military performance (36% of all suicides), parent–family relationship problems (28%), substance abuse (27%), past behavioral health problem (20%), current behavioral health problems (10%), income problems (22%), and full‐time employment problems (18%). Implications of findings for suicide prevention are discussed.
Evidentiality and Raising to Object as A′‐Movement: A Romanian Case Study
Authors: Alboiu Gabriela , Hill Virginia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRomanian displays a construction in which the subject of an embedded indicative clause surfaces with accusative form in the matrix clause. This resembles Exceptional Case Marking (ECM) and occurs with matrix verbs of knowledge and perception. We argue that: (i) such derivations arise from Raising to Object (RtoO) across the phasal indicativeCP; (ii) RtoO in Romanian is an instance of A′‐movement with A‐movement effects derived from the v‐related nature of the A′‐Probe; and (iii) the trigger for movement is related to a shift in evidentiality rather than Case requirements.
Long‐lasting extreme anemia during the therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a Jehovah's Witness patient
Authors: Chojnowski Krzysztof , Janus Agnieszka , Bliźniewska Katarzyna , Robak Marta , Treliński Jacek 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDThe treatment of patients with acute leukemia, who due to their religious beliefs refuse to accept blood transfusion, is a great challenge for hematologists.CASE REPORTWe present a case of acute pre‐T‐lymphoblastic leukemia in a Jehovah's Witness who did not accept blood transfusion during chemotherapy. Standard induction and consolidation chemotherapy was used (according to the PALG ALL‐6 regiment).RESULTSDuring consolidation cycles, darbepoietin alfa, intravenous iron, and total parenteral nutrition was administered. Extreme (Hb < 5 g/dL), long‐lasting (41 days) anemia was observed with the lowest Hb concentration amounting to 1.3 g/dL (lasting 7 days).CONCLUSIONWe believe this to be the lowest Hb value observed, particularly one that persisted for such a long period of time and resulted in the patient surviving without consequences. The patient remains in complete remission for more than 2 years after diagnosis.
Impact of the bacteriology of diabetic foot ulcers in limb loss
Authors: Hinojosa Carlos A. , Boyer‐Duck Estefania , Anaya‐Ayala Javier E. , Nunez‐Salgado Ana , Laparra‐Escareno Hugo , Torres‐Machorro Adriana , Lizola Rene 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInfections in feet of patients with diabetes mellitus is common, complex and costly. The aim of this study to investigate the isolated microorganisms in infected diabetic foot ulcers, and the impact of these infectious agents in limb loss in a tertiary medical center in Mexico City. We conducted a retrospective review in diabetic patients with infected foot ulcers from 1997 to 2014. Diabetic foot was defined according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the bacteriology of wound cultures and the impact of microorganisms in limb loss (major amputation) was studied. Patient's demographics, comorbidities, wound characteristics, and other factors associated in clinical outcomes were determined. A total of 165 subjects with soft tissue infections and/or osteomyelitis and positive cultures were included. One hundred and five (64%) were male, with a mean age of 60 year old +/− 15. One hundred fifty‐nine (96%) had Type 2 diabetes mellitus, 68 (41%) history of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and 97 (59%) patients had osteomyelitis. In 89 patients (54%), cultures were polymicrobial and one single organism was isolated in 76 cultures (46%). During the follow up, 96 (58%) patients preserved their limbs and 69 (42%) required major amputation (above or below knee). Sixty percent of patients that suffered from limb loss had polymicrobial culture (p = 0.13). Growth of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium (p = 0.03) and E. coli and Morganella morgagnii (p = 0.03) was associated to limb loss. Among monomicrobial cultures, infections associated with Proteous mirabilis had higher rate of progression to limb loss (p = 0.03). PAD was associated to limb loss (p = 0.001). Management of diabetic foot requires a multimodality approach. In this study, in patients that received appropriate antibiotic therapy and optimal surgical management, we observed that history of PAD, polymicrobial and isolated P. mirabilis infections were variables associated with higher rate of limb loss.
Regulatory Interaction between the Cellular Restriction Factor IFI16 and Viral pp65 (pUL83) Modulates Viral Gene Expression and IFI16 Protein Stability
Authors: Biolatti Matteo , Dell'Oste Valentina , Pautasso Sara , von Einem Jens , Marschall Manfred , Plachter Bodo , Gariglio Marisa , De Andrea Marco , Landolfo Santo 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
A key player in the intrinsic resistance against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the interferon-γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), which behaves as a viral DNA sensor in the first hours postinfection and as a repressor of viral gene transcription in the later stages. Previous studies on HCMV replication demonstrated that IFI16 binds to the viral protein kinase pUL97, undergoes phosphorylation, and relocalizes to the cytoplasm of infected cells. In this study, we demonstrate that the tegument protein pp65 (pUL83) recruits IFI16 to the promoter of the UL54 gene and downregulates viral replication, as shown by use of the HCMV mutant v65Stop, which lacks pp65 expression. Interestingly, at late time points of HCMV infection, IFI16 is stabilized by its interaction with pp65, which stood in contrast to IFI16 degradation, observed in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)-infected cells. Moreover, we found that its translocation to the cytoplasm, in addition to pUL97, strictly depends on pp65, as demonstrated with the HCMV mutant RV-VM1, which expresses a form of pp65 unable to translocate into the cytoplasm. Thus, these data reveal a dual role for pp65: during early infection, it modulates IFI16 activity at the promoter of immediate-early and early genes; subsequently, it delocalizes IFI16 from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, thereby stabilizing and protecting it from degradation. Overall, these data identify a novel activity of the pp65/IFI16 interactome involved in the regulation of UL54 gene expression and IFI16 stability during early and late phases of HCMV replication.

IMPORTANCE
The DNA sensor IFI16, a member of the PYHIN proteins, restricts HCMV replication by impairing viral DNA synthesis. Using a mutant virus lacking the tegument protein pp65 (v65Stop), we demonstrate that pp65 recruits IFI16 to the early UL54 gene promoter. As a putative counteraction to its restriction activity, pp65 supports the nucleocytoplasmic export of IFI16, which was demonstrated with the viral mutant RV-VM1 expressing a nuclearly retained pp65. These data reveal a dual role of pp65 in IFI16 regulation: in the early phase of HCMV infection, it contributes to viral evasion from IFI16 restriction activity, while at later time points, it promotes the nuclear delocalization of IFI16, thereby stabilizing and protecting it from degradation. In the present work, we further clarify the mechanisms HCMV relies on to overcome intracellular innate immune restriction and provide new insights into the relevance of DNA-sensing restriction factor IFI16 during HCMV infection.
The Molecular Determinants of Antibody Recognition and Antigenic Drift in the H3 Hemagglutinin of Swine Influenza A Virus
Authors: Abente Eugenio J. , Santos Jefferson , Lewis Nicola S. , Gauger Phillip C. , Stratton Jered , Skepner Eugene , Anderson Tavis K. , Rajao Daniela S. , Perez Daniel R. , Vincent Amy L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Influenza A virus (IAV) of the H3 subtype is an important respiratory pathogen that affects both humans and swine. Vaccination to induce neutralizing antibodies against the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) is the primary method used to control disease. However, due to antigenic drift, vaccine strains must be periodically updated. Six of the 7 positions previously identified in human seasonal H3 (positions 145, 155, 156, 158, 159, 189, and 193) were also indicated in swine H3 antigenic evolution. To experimentally test the effect on virus antigenicity of these 7 positions, substitutions were introduced into the HA of an isogenic swine lineage virus. We tested the antigenic effect of these introduced substitutions by using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) data with monovalent swine antisera and antigenic cartography to evaluate the antigenic phenotype of the mutant viruses. Combinations of substitutions within the antigenic motif caused significant changes in antigenicity. One virus mutant that varied at only two positions relative to the wild type had a >4-fold reduction in HI titers compared to homologous antisera. Potential changes in pathogenesis and transmission of the double mutant were evaluated in pigs. Although the double mutant had virus shedding titers and transmissibility comparable to those of the wild type, it caused a significantly lower percentage of lung lesions. Elucidating the antigenic effects of specific amino acid substitutions at these sites in swine H3 IAV has important implications for understanding IAV evolution within pigs as well as for improved vaccine development and control strategies in swine.

IMPORTANCE
A key component of influenza virus evolution is antigenic drift mediated by the accumulation of amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, resulting in escape from prior immunity generated by natural infection or vaccination. Understanding which amino acid positions of the HA contribute to the ability of the virus to avoid prior immunity is important for understanding antigenic evolution and informs vaccine efficacy predictions based on the genetic sequence data from currently circulating strains. Following our previous work characterizing antigenic phenotypes of contemporary wild-type swine H3 influenza viruses, we experimentally validated that substitutions at 6 amino acid positions in the HA protein have major effects on antigenicity. An improved understanding of the antigenic diversity of swine influenza will facilitate a rational approach for selecting more effective vaccine components to control the circulation of influenza in pigs and reduce the potential for zoonotic viruses to emerge.