bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presentation and management of patients with adrenal masses: a large tertiary centre experience
Authors: Suntornlohanakul Onnicha , Mandal Sumedha , Saha Pratyusha , Saygili Emre S , Asia Miriam , Arlt Wiebke , Elhassan Yasir S , Prete Alessandro , Ronchi Cristina L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Adrenal masses are found in up to 5%-7% of adults. The 2016 European guidelines on the management of adrenal incidentalomas have standardised the workup of these patients, but evidence of their impact on clinical practice is lacking.

Methods
Retrospective review of clinical presentation, radiological characteristics, and final diagnosis of a large cohort of patients with adrenal masses referred to a tertiary care centre 1998-2022. Sub-analysis compares outcomes before and after implementing the 2016 guidelines.

Results
A total of 1397 patients (55.7% women; median age 60 years [interquartile range {IQR}, 49-70]) were included. Incidental discovery was the most frequent mode of presentation (63.7%) and 30.6% of patients had masses ≥ 4 cm (median 2.9 cm [IQR, 1.9-4.7]). Unenhanced computed tomography Hounsfield units (HU) were available for 763 patients; of these, 32.9% had heterogeneous masses or &gt;20 HU. The most common diagnoses were adrenocortical adenoma (56.0%), phaeochromocytoma (12.7%), adrenocortical carcinoma (10.6%), and metastases (5.7%). At multivariable analysis, significant predictors of malignancy included &gt;20 HU or heterogeneous density (odds ratio [OR] 28.40), androgen excess (OR 27.67), detection during cancer surveillance (OR 11.34), size ≥ 4 cm (OR 6.11), and male sex (OR 3.06). After implementing the 2016 guidelines, the number of adrenalectomies decreased (6.1% pre-2016 vs 4.5% post-2016) and the number of patients discharged increased (4.4% pre-2016 vs 25.3% post-2016) for benign non-functioning adrenal masses.

Conclusion
Implementing the 2016 guidelines positively impacted clinical practice, reducing unnecessary surgeries and increasing the discharge rate for benign adrenal masses, thereby preserving healthcare resources and patient burden.
Life history in Caenorhabditis elegans: from molecular genetics to evolutionary ecology
Authors: Braendle Christian , Paaby Annalise 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Life history is defined by traits that reflect key components of fitness, especially those relating to reproduction and survival. Research in life history seeks to unravel the relationships among these traits and understand how life history strategies evolve to maximize fitness. As such, life history research integrates the study of the genetic and developmental mechanisms underlying trait determination with the evolutionary and ecological context of Darwinian fitness. As a leading model organism for molecular and developmental genetics, Caenorhabditis elegans is unmatched in the characterization of life history-related processes, including developmental timing and plasticity, reproductive behaviors, sex determination, stress tolerance, and aging. Building on recent studies of natural populations and ecology, the combination of C. elegans’ historical research strengths with new insights into trait variation now positions it as a uniquely valuable model for life history research. In this review, we summarize the contributions of C. elegans and related species to life history and its evolution. We begin by reviewing the key characteristics of C. elegans life history, with an emphasis on its distinctive reproductive strategies and notable life cycle plasticity. Next, we explore intraspecific variation in life history traits and its underlying genetic architecture. Finally, we provide an overview of how C. elegans has guided research on major life history transitions both within the genus Caenorhabditis and across the broader phylum Nematoda. While C. elegans is relatively new to life history research, significant progress has been made by leveraging its distinctive biological traits, establishing it as a highly cross-disciplinary system for life history studies.
Centromere Landscapes Resolved from Hundreds of Human Genomes
Authors: Gao Shenghan , Zhang Yimeng , Bush Stephen J , Wang Bo , Yang Xiaofei , Ye Kai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
High-fidelity (HiFi) sequencing has facilitated the assembly and analysis of the most repetitive region of the genome, the centromere. Nevertheless, our current understanding of human centromeres is based on a relatively small number of telomere-to-telomere assemblies, which have not yet captured its full diversity. In this study, we investigated the genomic diversity of human centromere higher order repeats (HORs) via both HiFi reads and haplotype-resolved assemblies from hundreds of samples drawn from ongoing pangenome-sequencing projects and reprocessed them via a novel HOR annotation pipeline, HiCAT-human. We used this wealth of data to provide a global survey of the centromeric HOR landscape; in particular, we found that 23 HORs presented significant copy number variability between populations. We detected three centromere genotypes with unbalanced population frequencies on chromosomes 5, 8, and 17. An inter-assembly comparison of HOR loci further revealed that while HOR array structures are diverse, they nevertheless tend to form a number of specific landscapes, each exhibiting different levels of HOR subunit expansion and possibly reflecting a cyclical evolutionary transition from homogeneous to nested structures and back.
Genomic selection and genetic architecture of agronomic traits during modern flowering Chinese cabbage breeding
Authors: Zhao Yahui , Li Guangguang , Zhu Zhangsheng , Hu Ming , Jiang Ding , Chen Muxi , Wang Juantao , Zhang Kexin , Zheng Yansong , Liao Yi , Chen Changming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Flowering Chinese cabbage is a type of leafy vegetable that belongs to the Brassica genus. Originally native to South China, it is now widely cultivated and consumed across the globe, particularly in Asian countries. The recent cultivation and regional expansion of flowering Chinese cabbage provides a valuable opportunity to elucidate the genomic basis underlying environmental adaptation and desired traits during a short-term artificial selection process. Here, we investigate the genetic variation, population structure, and diversity of a diverse germplasm collection of 403 flowering Chinese cabbage accessions. Our investigation seeks to elucidate the genomic basis that guides the selection of adaptability, yield, and pivotal agronomic traits. We further investigated breeding improvement associated with stem development by integrating transcriptome data. Genome-wide association analysis identified 642 loci and corresponding candidate genes associated with 11 essential agronomic traits, including plant architecture and yield. Furthermore, we uncovered a significant disparity in the allele frequency distribution of nonsynonymous mutations in these candidate genes throughout the improvement stages. Our results shed light on the genetic basis of improvement and crucial agronomic traits in flowering Chinese cabbage, offering invaluable resources for upcoming genomics-assisted breeding endeavors.
TOpClass Class 4 Perineal Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Perineal Wound Complication After Proctectomy in Crohn’s Patients
Authors: Alipouriani Ali , Erozkan Kamil , Schabl Lukas , Sancheti Himani , Sebastian Shaji , Wong Serre-Yu , Tozer Phil , Cohen Benjamin L , Holubar Stefan D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Nonhealing perineal wounds have been reported to be common after proctectomy for Crohn’s disease (CD). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of perineal wound healing after proctectomy for CD and assessed the risk factors for nonhealing.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases from 2010 to 2023, and articles reporting perineal wound healing rates after proctectomy for CD were included. Data on study characteristics and proportion of healed wounds, and risk factors, were extracted. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled proportion and 95% CIs using the “meta” package in R. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.

Results
We identified 501 articles, of which 252 remained after de-duplication. After screening, 4 retrospective cohort studies involving 333 patients were included. Across the 4 studies, the pooled proportion of completely healed perineal wounds at 6 months was 65% (95% CI 52%-80%), and 70% (95% CI 60%-83%) at 12 months. Significant heterogeneity was found between studies (I2 = 86% at 6 months). Three studies examined risk factors for impaired healing after proctectomy. One study identified preoperative perineal sepsis as the only independent factor associated with impaired healing (P = .001) on multivariable analysis. In 1 study, male sex, shorter time from diversion to proctectomy, and higher preoperative C-reactive protein levels were all associated with delayed healing in univariate analysis. Another study found that close rectal dissection was associated with significantly lower healing rates than total mesorectal excision (P = .01). Prior use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors was not associated with wound healing outcomes.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis revealed complete perineal healing in only 70% of patients 12 months after proctectomy for CD. This highlights knowledge gaps, including the identification of modifiable risk factors and methods for preventing or as rescue therapy, such as vacuum-assisted closure and flap reconstruction, for nonhealing perineal wounds after proctectomy for CD. Poor perineal wound healing outcomes are likely related to imperfectly understood underlying inflammatory dysregulation and systemically impaired wound healing in patients with CD.
Positive Ricci Curvature on Twisted Suspensions
Authors: Reiser Philipp 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The twisted suspension of a manifold is obtained by surgery along the fibre of a principal circle bundle over the manifold. It generalizes the spinning operation for knots and preserves various topological properties. In this article, we show that Riemannian metrics of positive Ricci curvature can be lifted along twisted suspensions. As an application we show that the maximal symmetry rank of a closed, simply connected Riemannian manifold of positive Ricci curvature is $(n-2)$ in all dimensions $n\geq 4$. Further applications include simply connected 6-manifolds whose homology has torsion, (rational) homology spheres in all dimensions at least 4, and manifolds with prescribed third homology.
Ability Capitalism: Law’s Constitutive Role in Constructing Disability
Authors: Williams Clare 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In proposing a theory of ability capitalism, this paper considers how, where, when, and why law plays a constitutive role in labour market constructions of disability. In problematising typical or mainstream accounts that see markets as ‘natural’ social orderings, the paper suggests a constitutive economic sociology of law lens that shifts beyond the embeddedness metaphor to focus on feedback loops. Such an approach can highlight the market’s legal priors as well as the ways in which economic and legal phenomena are iteratively re-co-constituted at market boundaries. It can also highlight the role of legal predistribution and processes of commodification in the construction of disability as a market rationality. Through the commodification of labour-power, the law makes visible standard employment relations whilst rendering non-standard relations, preferences, assumptions and norms—typically those reflecting disabled people’s experiences—invisible. Thus, the paper extends historical materialist accounts of the construction of disability, explaining how and why rights-based narratives are not, and cannot be the sole response to market-generated exclusions, disadvantages, and inequalities. A cornerstone of equality legislation, the reasonable adjustment, offers a case study of natural market narratives in action and how law demurs to underlying efficiency calculations that determine a disabled worker’s inclusion in labour markets. While mainstream, natural market narratives assume rights to be a function of efficiency, a constitutive lens reveals efficiency to be a function of (predistributed) rights. This indicates additional sites at which the law constructs disability disadvantage, suggesting alternative pathways to its challenge. The theoretical contributions set out here are explored in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic’s normalisation of remote working and the resulting radical inclusion gains for disabled communities. The paper queries whether shifts in background labour market norms—where and when work tasks are carried out—might adjust some of the assumptions that feed into the efficiency calculations underlying the reasonable adjustment of remote working. If so, the prefiguration of alternative market practices suggests an additional way of challenging entrenched inequalities such as the intractable disability employment and pay gaps.
A Phase 1 Study in Healthy Subjects to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Human Monoclonal Antibody (S315) Against Diphtheria Toxin
Authors: Sullivan-Bólyai John Z , Allen Larry B , Cannon Rebecca , Cohane Kenya P , Dunzo Elise , Goldwater Ronald , StCyr Kathleen , Wang Yang , Klempner Mark S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Diphtheria is a recurrent threat with endemic still occurs in many parts of the world. The standard of care is horse serum–derived diphtheria antitoxin (eDAT), which is in critical short supply globally. S315 is a fully human, monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 neutralizing antibody, specific to the receptor-binding domain of diphtheria toxin. S315 is intended to be a safer, more readily available alternative to replace eDAT.

Methods
This first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, dose escalation study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of S315 in healthy adults. Cohorts of study subjects received single intravenous infusions of S315 (480 mg, 960 mg, 1920 mg, 3840 mg, and 7680 mg) or matched placebo. Safety was assessed by standard clinical and laboratory evaluations. Serum S315 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an in vitro diphtheria toxin neutralization assay, followed by pharmacokinetic analyses.

Results
Forty-one subjects were enrolled. S315 was safe and well tolerated. Most adverse events were mild or moderate. Peak mean serum concentrations ranged from 199 µg/mL to 2872 µg/mL (ELISA) and from 234 AU/mL to 1147 AU/mL (neutralization assay), with low variability. Mean serum half-life ranged from 12 to 27 days (ELISA) and from 17 to 22 days (neutralization assay).

Conclusions
S315 was generally safe and well tolerated by healthy subjects. Pharmacokinetic data suggest that S315 serum neutralizing activity is an order of magnitude greater than that attained by eDAT. The results of this study support continued development of S315 as a replacement for eDAT to address critical global supply issues.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04075175.
The evolving seascape of naval warfare: unmanned underwater vehicles and the challenges for international law
Authors: Ruhal Sanjeet 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The rapid advancement of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) has presented complex legal challenges in international maritime law. This article explores UUVs’ legal status and navigational rights in various maritime zones, analysing legal considerations related to innocent passage, and the potential for port access and sovereign immunity for UUVs. It contends that UUVs should be entitled to sovereign immunity when used for non-commercial government purposes. It also investigates the possibility of potential enforcement actions under the law of the sea against UUVs engaged in unauthorized activities. Additionally, it scrutinizes UUVs’ compliance with international standards, addressing security concerns and their role in international law of armed conflict. Subsequently, it touches upon the ongoing debate surrounding lethal autonomous weapons systems to provide a prospective outlook in a cursory manner. The conclusion underscores the necessity of proactive international initiatives to address the legal challenges posed by UUVs and proposes the recognition of UUVs as a distinct vessel category to ensure uniformity and predictability in their deployment.
The productivity effects of regional anchors on local firms in Swedish regions between 2007 and 2019—evidence from an expert-informed machine learning approach
Authors: Nilsson Magnus , Schubert Torben , Miörner Johan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The concept of regional anchor firms remains under-investigated. We analyse the mechanisms by which anchors affect other regional firms, disentangling effects resulting from scale/size vis-à-vis knowledge spillovers. Departing from previous idiographic research, we adopt a nomothetic research design and develop a stepwise expert-informed supervised machine learning approach to identify all anchor firms in Sweden between 2007 and 19. We find support for positive anchor effects on the productivity of dependent regional firms. This effect is driven by factors reflecting scale/size, while anchors’ R&D intensity as a measure for knowledge spillovers does not drive productivity gains.
‘The caliphate will last for thirty years’: polemic and political thought in the afterlife of a prophetic ḥadīth
Authors: Liew Han Hsien 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Prophetic ḥadīth ‘The caliphate will last for thirty years, then it will be kingship’ is one of the key proof texts for the Sunni doctrine of the ‘rightly guided caliphs’. While modern scholarship has examined its origins and transmission during the first two centuries of Islam, the political discussions that emerged from it after the crystallization of Sunnism in the third/ninth and fourth/tenth centuries have not received adequate attention. By examining ḥadīth compilations and commentaries, theological treatises, and historical chronicles, this article maps out the various ways in which Sunni Muslim scholars have engaged with the ḥadīth. It argues that in addition to employing the ḥadīth as a polemical tool against Shiʿi political claims, most Sunni scholars through the Mamluk period sought to circumvent its literal meaning out of reluctance to concede that a legitimate caliphate was limited to the first four caliphs. But in doing so, they were also hard-pressed to define what a true caliphate entailed. The ensuing discussions surrounding the ‘thirty-year ḥadīth’ often revolved around the political ideals of consensus, justice, and piety. They also shed light on the intricate connection between historiographical considerations and political thought in medieval Islam.
Statistical Predictions of Trading Strategies in Electronic Markets
Authors: Cartea Álvaro , Cohen Samuel N , Graumans Robert , Labyad Saad , Sánchez-Betancourt Leandro , van Veldhuijzen Leon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We build statistical models to describe how market participants choose the direction, price, and volume of orders. Our dataset, which spans 16 weeks for four shares traded in Euronext Amsterdam, contains all messages sent to the exchange and includes algorithm identification and member identification. We obtain reliable out-of-sample predictions and report the top features that predict direction, price, and volume of orders sent to the exchange. The coefficients from the fitted models are used to cluster trading behavior and we find that algorithms registered as Liquidity Providers exhibit the widest range of trading behavior among dealing capacities. In particular, for the most liquid share in our study, we identify three types of behavior that we call (i) directional trading, (ii) opportunistic trading, and (iii) market making, and we find that around one-third of Liquidity Providers behave as market markers.
Within the forest: a new species of Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) from northwestern Patagonia
Authors: Brook Federico , González Baltazar , Tomasco Ivanna H , Verzi Diego H , Martin Gabriel M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The genus Ctenomys is represented by 68 species within at least 9 species groups. In Patagonia, there are 11 described species of Ctenomys in 3 phylogenetic species groups: (1) the sociabilis group; (2) the magellanicus group; and (3) the mendocinus group—added to this is C. maulinus, which is not clearly related to any species group. The magellanicus group is the most representative of Patagonia and includes 6 species, several unnamed forms, and has a widespread distribution from Río Negro and Neuquén provinces in the north of Patagonia to Tierra del Fuego province to the south. The magellanicus group is a highly supported clade and comprises 3 geographically defined lineages: the bidaui clade (northern clade) composed of C. bidaui, C. pulcer, and several undescribed forms; the polytypic haigi clade (central clade) comprising C. haigi, C. contrerasi, C. thalesi, C. sericeus, and Ctenomys cf. C. lentulus (sensu Teta and D’Elía 2020); and the monotypic magellanicus clade (southern clade) consisting of haplotypes assigned to C. magellanicus (including C. colburni). Ctenomys magellanicus (Magellanic Tuco-tuco) is widely distributed from southern Santa Cruz province in Argentina and central Aysén in Chile to Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego in Argentina and Chile. Based on mitochondrial Cytochrome b DNA sequences and morphological assessment (qualitative and quantitative), we describe a new species of Ctenomys related to C. magellanicus from northwestern Chubut Province, Argentina. We provide anatomical comparisons between the new species and other species of Ctenomys from Patagonia, especially C. magellanicus, C. haigi, and C. plebiscitum. In addition, we recognize 2 groupings within C. magellanicus because of their morphometric differences, and report new localities for C. haigi and C. plebiscitum.