bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting Healthy Child Development via a Two‐Generation Translational Neuroscience Framework: The Filming Interactions to Nurture Development Video Coaching Program
Authors: Fisher Philip A. , Frenkel Tahl I. , Noll Laura K. , Berry Melanie , Yockelson Melissa 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this article, we focus on applying methods of translational neuroscience to two‐generation, family‐based interventions. In recent years, a small but growing body of evidence has documented the reversibility of some of the neurobiological effects of early adversity in the context of environmental early interventions. Some of these interventions are now being implemented at scale, which may help reduce disparities in the face of early life stress. Further progress may occur by extending these efforts to two‐generation models that target caregivers’ capabilities to improve children's outcomes. In this article, we describe the content and processes of the Filming Interactions to Nurture Development (FIND) video coaching intervention. We also discuss the two‐generation, translational neuroscience framework on which FIND is based, and how similar approaches can be developed and scaled to mitigate the effects of adversity.
S1‐Leitlinie zur UV‐Phototherapie und Photochemotherapie
Authors: Herzinger Thomas , Berneburg Mark , Ghoreschi Kamran , Gollnick Harald , Hölzle Erhard , Hönigsmann Herbert , Lehmann Percy , Peters Thorsten , Röcken Martin , Scharffetter‐Kochanek Karin , Schwarz Thomas , Simon Jan , Tanew Adrian , Weichenthal Michael 
Published: August 2016

ZusammenfassungDie heilsame Wirkung des Sonnenlichts war teilweise schon im Altertum bekannt und fand in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts wieder zunehmend Beachtung. Den Beginn der modernen Phototherapien markiert die Entwicklung einer Apparatur zur ultravioletten Bestrahlung der Hauttuberkulose durch Finnsen zu Beginn des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts. Zur Therapie von Hauterkrankungen finden beinahe ausschließlich die spektralen Bereiche unterhalb des sichtbaren Lichtes (ultraviolett) Anwendung. Seit den 1970er Jahren stehen zunehmend leistungsfähige künstliche Strahlenquellen bereit für die Therapie mit UVB, UVA und die Kombination von UVA mit Photosensibilisatoren (Photochemotherapie). Hohe strukturelle und prozedurale Qualitätsstandards sind unabdingbare Voraussetzung für die Durchführung einer gleichermaßen wirkungsvollen wie auch sicheren Phototherapie. Die Leitlinie formuliert den aktuellen Konsens führender Experten auf dem Gebiet der Phototherapie in Bezug auf die Indikationen für die jeweiligen Therapieverfahren, deren Gegenanzeigen und Nebenwirkungen und insbesondere für die Wahl der korrekten Dosis zu Beginn und im Verlauf einer Therapie sowie das Management von Nebenwirkungen.
Retrospective chart analysis of incidental findings detected by 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐PET/CT in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Conrad Franziska , Winkens Thomas , Kaatz Martin , Goetze Steven , Freesmeyer Martin 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackground and objectives: 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT) frequently reveals incidental findings. The present study focused on incidental FDG‐PET/CT findings in cutaneous melanoma patients, and verified their relevance with respect to further diagnostic measures and interventions.Patients and methods: Medical records of 181 consecutive melanoma patients were retrospectively evaluated to verify the management of incidental findings, with particular emphasis on histological findings.Results: Thirty‐three of 181 (18 %) patients showed 39 relevant incidental findings, located in the colorectal tract (n = 15 patients), thyroid (n = 8), prostate (n = 2), locomotor system (n = 2), lymph nodes (n = 2), parotid gland (n = 1), tonsils (n = 1), kidneys (n = 1), and gallbladder (n = 1). Performed in 25 patients, additional diagnostic procedures revealed a clinical correlate in 21 cases. Sixteen of 21 patients had tumoral involvement, including five malignant lesions (four colorectal and one prostate carcinoma). The malignancies were diagnosed at an early stage, and successfully removed in the majority of cases.Conclusions: The diagnostic use of FDG‐PET/CT is routinely recommended for stage IIC melanoma and higher, and is widely accepted as indication. This study effectively identified otherwise undetected cancers, especially colorectal malignancies. Early interventions were possible in most cases. Incidental findings on FDG‐PET/CT should be worked up with appropriate diagnostic measures, considering the patient's condition and wishes.
Intraspecific variation in climate‐relevant traits in a tropical rainforest lizard
Authors: Llewelyn John , Macdonald Stewart L. , Hatcher Amberlee , Moritz Craig , Phillips Ben L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe exceptionally rich biodiversity found in tropical rainforest is under threat from anthropogenic climate change. We recognize the threat, yet we have little knowledge of the capacity of tropical species to adjust their climate sensitivity in response to it. One indicator of a species’ capacity to adjust to different climates is the amount of intraspecific variation observed in its climate‐relevant traits; if a climate‐relevant trait varies, and this variation is correlated with local climates, it suggests the species can adjust the trait to different conditions through either phenotypic plasticity or evolutionary adaptation. Here, we test for intraspecific variation in climate‐relevant traits in a rainforest specialist to shed light on the capacity of such species to adjust to different climates.LocationThe Wet Tropics Bioregion, Australia.MethodsWe studied 12 populations of a lizard that is a tropical rainforest specialist, the rainforest sunskink (Lampropholis coggeri), testing for intraspecific variation in four traits that are potentially important in determining a species’ climate sensitivity. The measured traits were as follows: critical thermal minimum, critical thermal maximum, thermal optimum for sprinting, and desiccation rate.ResultsWe found substantial variation both through time and across space in the measured traits, suggesting both strong plasticity and substantial geographic variation. Moreover, trait variation was correlated with local climate variables, suggesting variation reflects adjustment to local conditions.Main conclusionsIf physiological lability similar to that observed in rainforest sunskinks occurs in tropical rainforest species more generally, these taxa may not be as climatically specialized, and so not as vulnerable to climate change, as previously thought.
Situating 1816, the ‘year without summer’, in the UK
Authors: Veale Lucy , Endfield Georgina H 
Published: August 2016

The immediate local impacts of the eruption of Mount Tambora, Sumbawa, Indonesia in April 1815 were devastating, resulting in the loss of an estimated 60 000 lives on this and neighbouring islands. However, the longer term effects of the largest known historical eruption on global weather and climate and the related consequences for human health and wellbeing have maintained the prominence of the eruption in public memory. Among the most notable effects were global weather anomalies the following year, which has come to be referred to as ‘the year without summer’. Scholars across the sciences and humanities continue to investigate the eruption, seeking insights into the likely meteorological and societal impacts of future volcanic eruptions. The bicentenary of the ‘year without summer’ in 2016 provides a timely moment to revisit this weather episode. In this paper, we draw on a range of archival materials and contemporary publications to reconstruct the weather year and explore how the summer of 1816 was experienced and recorded across the UK. We also wish to demonstrate the importance of historical contingency in understanding the potential implications of the event at the local level, and of situating events within their appropriate temporal context. We do this by considering the summer of 1816 as set against the wider weather and cultural contexts of the 1810s. Our findings illustrate that in a UK context, summer 1816 was characterised by unusual and extreme weather events. Importantly it also took place within a sequence of years that were similarly replete with anomalous and challenging weather conditions.
Benefit from cytoreductive nephrectomy and the prognostic role of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Day D. , Kanjanapan Y. , Kwan E. , Yip D. , Lawrentschuk N. , Davis I. D. , Azad A. A. , Wong S. , Rosenthal M. , Gibbs P. , Tran B. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in the era of targeted therapies is currently undefined. In recent years, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as a prognostic marker in several cancers, including mRCC. In this multicentre retrospective study, we aim to assess the impact of CN in mRCC and the value of NLR in risk stratification and patient selection.MethodsRetrospective data from patients with de novo mRCC from four large Australian hospitals were collected. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log‐rank test. Multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards method.ResultsOur study identified 91 de novo mRCC patients. Patients who underwent CN (n = 46, 51%) were more likely to be younger (59.0 years vs 64.6 years, P = 0.019) and to have received systemic therapy (91% vs 76%, P = 0.043). Median overall survival (mOS) was significantly improved in patients who underwent CN (23.0 months vs 10.9 months, hazard ratios (HR) 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20–0.55, P < 0.0001). Patients with NLR ≥ 5 also had inferior mOS (6.2 months vs 16.7 months, HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.14–3.29, P = 0.014). CN was associated with substantially improved survival in patients with both NLR < 5 (mOS 31.1 months vs 7.0 months, HR 0.41, 95% CI, 0.18–0.64, P = 0.0009) and NLR ≥ 5 (mOS 10.9 months vs 2.3 months, HR 0.33, 95% CI, 0.11–0.69, P = 0.009). Significant survival benefits associated with CN were maintained in multivariate analyses (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.22–0.70, P = 0.0014).Conclusions
CN is associated with significantly improved overall survival in de novo mRCC. The incremental survival benefit associated with CN was seen irrespective of NLR.
The impact of characteristics of nurses’ relationships with their supervisor, engagement and trust, on performance behaviours and intent to quit
Authors: Rodwell John , McWilliams John , Gulyas Andre 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of characteristics of nurses’ relationship quality with their manager on engagement and trust, onto in‐role or discretionary behaviours and intent to quit.BackgroundNurses having a good relationship with their manager are seen as important, yet the mechanisms of how such relationships are beneficial, or which aspects of the relationship are important, is less clear. Two possible mechanisms are through the nurse being more engaged in work, or through building their trust in their employer. In turn, engagement and trust may impact in‐role and discretionary behaviours as well as staff retention.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodAn online survey in 2013 of 459 nurses across Australia.ResultsStructural analyses indicated that the affect dimension of relationship quality was negatively related to engagement, whereas contribution and respect were positively related to engagement. The affect and respect aspects were positively related to trust. Engagement positively related to discretionary and in‐role behaviours. Engagement and trust were negatively related to quit intention, as was the loyalty dimension of the nurses’ relationship with their supervisor. However, perceptions of variability in their team's relationship quality with their leader was negatively related to trust and positively related to intent to quit.ConclusionsNurse managers with a nuanced understanding of social exchange at work are likely to maintain more engaged, well‐performing and stable nursing teams. In particular, a willingness by the supervisor to come to their nurses’ defence and having a consistent standard of relationship quality across their nurses is likely to improve nurse retention.
A cost utility analysis of the clinical algorithm for nasogastric tube placement confirmation in adult hospital patients
Authors: McFarland Agi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pH paper testing of aspirate and chest x‐ray for determining nasogastric tube (NGT) placement in terms of cost and patient outcome.BackgroundNasogastric tubes are frequently used in clinical practice, however during insertion the practitioner is blinded as to the precise final location. Despite robust checking procedures, recognized patient morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure have resulted in national safety alerts prompting the revision of all NGT care clinical guidelines.DesignCost utility analysis using economic modelling.MethodsA decision tree was built and populated with effectiveness data gathered from a systematic search of the extant literature. Specificity, pooled sensitivity and event probabilities were calculated using statistical software. Patient outcome was measured in terms of quality of life. Health state utilities were gathered from a sample (n = 23) of adult surgical patients using a recognized instrument. Cost data were gathered using published sources. The study adopted a third party payer perspective in a Scottish context and was completed in June 2013.ResultsThe results confirm that the current UK algorithm advocated by the National Patient Safety Agency appears to offer the most cost effective approach to NGT confirmation in terms of cost and patient outcome. Sensitivity analyses indicate that these findings may be significantly altered by tube aspiration success and the rates of chest x‐ray interpretation errors.ConclusionThe results confirm current UK recommendations and have wider policy implications for those areas, whereby chest x‐ray is recommended as the first and only acceptable confirmation approach.
Emotions and multimedia learning: the moderating role of learner characteristics
Authors: Knörzer L. , Brünken R. , Park B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Cognitive‐Affective Theory of Learning with Media postulates that affective factors as well as individual learner characteristics impact multimedia learning. The present study investigated how experimentally induced positive and negative emotions influence multimedia learning and how learner characteristics moderated this impact. Results showed that the group with the negative emotion induction outperformed the group with the positive emotion induction with regard to learning outcome. Cognitive resources (working memory capacity, prior knowledge) and openness to experience were significant predictors for learning. In addition, learners with highest prior knowledge or working memory capacity could compensate the emotional impact on learning. Neuroticism enhanced the emotional impact on learning outcome as a moderator.Lay descriptionWhat is already known about this topic:

Emotions and learner characteristics are assumed to influence multimedia learning.
There are inconsistent results on emotional impact on multimedia learning.
Cognitive resources were shown to be predictors of learning outcomes.
There are inconsistent results on how much learners' personality predicts learning.
What this paper adds:

Negative emotions can lead to higher learning outcomes than positive emotions.
Cognitive resources are significant predictors for learning outcomes.
Openness to experience predicts learning outcomes.
Neuroticism enhances the emotional impact on multimedia learning.
Implications for practice and/or policy:

Learner characteristics and emotions influence multimedia learning.
A very positive emotional state can be harmful to learning.
Learners' personality can enhance emotional impact on multimedia learning.
Learning environments should be designed to attract learners' curiosity.
Three rDNA Loci‐Based Phylogenies of Tintinnid Ciliates (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Choreotrichida)
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Agatha Sabine , Zhang Wuchang , Dong Jun , Yu Ying , Jiao Nianzhi , Gong Jun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo improve understanding of diversity, phylogeny and evolution in tintinnid ciliates, it is essential to link multiple molecular markers with properly identified and documented morphospecies. Accordingly, 54 tintinnid morphospecies/isolates mainly from the Yellow and East China Seas were collected and analysed. Using single‐cell approaches, sequences were obtained for three rDNA loci (18S, ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2, D1‐D5 region of 28S). Twenty‐six tintinnid morphospecies (29 isolates) are documented by micrographs, measurements, morphologically described, and compared with the original species description. Three rDNA loci‐based phylogenetic analyses were then performed for these identified isolates. Sequences from 25 unidentified species/isolates were also included in the comparison of the three rDNA loci. Ribosomal DNA genes of the genus Leprotintinnus were analysed for the first time, showing that Leprotintinnus was closely related to Tintinnopsis radix and branched distinctly apart from the family Tintinnidiidae. Four novel clades (VI to IX) of the Tintinnopsis complex emerged in the 18S genealogies. Analyses of the relative variability in the ITS and 28S regions vs. the 18S rDNA showed that the ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 and ITS2 regions well co‐varied with the 18S rDNA when the variations of the latter were less than 3%, whereas at difference of less than 1%, no correlation was found between the compared loci. These findings highlight the difficulties in using variable locus‐based cut‐off divergences in circumscribing tintinnid morphospecies.
Language‐Appropriate Appointment Reminders: Assessing the Communication Preferences of Women With Limited English Proficiency
Authors: Morse Elizabeth , Mitchell Stephanie 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to assess the communication preferences and the telephone, text, and e‐mail usage of women with limited English proficiency who attended an outpatient women's health clinic.MethodsThis study surveyed a convenience sample (N = 220) of Spanish‐ and Arabic‐speaking women in an obstetrics and gynecology clinic. The survey instrument was designed to capture the experience of women with limited English proficiency who received automated English‐only telephone appointment reminders. We evaluated how these women currently use short message service (SMS) technology and/or access e‐mail, the costs they incur for these services, and their preferences for and receptiveness to receiving appointment reminders through a variety of modalities including text, e‐mail, phone, or direct mail.ResultsMore than half of women surveyed reported either not receiving an appointment reminder or reported difficulty understanding the reminder they did receive. Of all women surveyed, 91% preferred appointment reminders in their primary language regardless of their ability to read, write, speak, or understand English. Significant variation in preferences was found within and between the 2 language groups.DiscussionThe data suggest that the current appointment‐reminder system is both inefficient and linguistically inappropriate for female clients with limited English proficiency. This project offers preliminary data on the preferences of Spanish‐ and Arabic‐speaking women. Creating language‐appropriate appointment reminders in both phone and text formats reflects an institutional commitment to the language preferences of all women, not just those who speak the dominant language, in accordance with accreditation guidelines defined by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and The Joint Commission.
Characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients with primary Budd‐Chiari syndrome
Authors: Sakr Mohammad , Abdelhakam Sara M. , Dabbous Hany , Hamed Amr , Hefny Zeinab , Abdelmoaty Waleed , Shaker Mohamed , El‐Gharib Mohamed , Eldorry Ahmed 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground & AimBudd‐Chiari syndrome (BCS) is caused by hepatic venous outflow obstruction. This work aimed at analyzing characteristics and factors associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with primary BCS.MethodsA total of 348 Egyptian BCS patients were included. They were presented to the Budd‐Chiari Study Group of Ain Shams University Hospital. BCS was confirmed using abdominal Doppler US. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MR venography and/or multislice computed tomography (CT) were performed to confirm all diagnoses and to assess vascular anatomy. Hepatic focal lesions detected during the study period (2005–2011) were evaluated using serum alpha foetoprotein (AFP) level, imaging features and histopathological examination.ResultsDiagnosis of HCC was confirmed in 15/348 patients (4.3%). Imaging studies showed that 60% had multiple hepatic focal lesions ranging from 2 to 6.3 cm in size. The median level of serum AFP in BCS with HCC was 300 ng/mL vs 11 ng/mL in those without HCC (P<.001). A cut‐off level >24.5 ng/mL for serum AFP showed sensitivity 80%, specificity 97.9%, positive predictive value 93.18% and negative predictive value 99.1% for detection of HCC in BCS patients. Male gender, older age, cigarette smoking, serum AFP (>24.5 ng/mL) and shrunken liver by ultrasonography were independent factors associated with HCC development.ConclusionMale gender, older age and cigarette smoking are independent risk factors for development of HCC in BCS. Serum AFP is a good screening test in BCS.
Ants exhibit asymmetric hybridization in a mosaic hybrid zone
Authors: Purcell Jessica , Zahnd Sacha , Athanasiades Anouk , Türler Rebecca , Chapuisat Michel , Brelsford Alan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractResearch on hybridization between species provides unparalleled insights into the pre‐ and postzygotic isolating mechanisms that drive speciation. In social organisms, colony‐level incompatibilities may provide additional reproductive barriers not present in solitary species, and hybrid zones offer an opportunity to identify these barriers. Here, we use genotyping‐by‐sequencing to sequence hundreds of markers in a hybrid zone between two socially polymorphic ant species, Formica selysi and Formica cinerea. We characterize the zone, determine the frequency of hybrid workers, infer whether hybrid queens or males are produced and investigate whether hybridization is influenced by colony social organization. We also compare cuticular hydrocarbon profiles and aggression levels between the two species. The hybrid zone exhibits a mosaic structure. The asymmetric distribution of hybrids skewed towards F. cinerea suggests a pattern of unidirectional nuclear gene flow from F. selysi into F. cinerea. The occurrence of backcrossed individuals indicates that hybrid queens and/or males are fertile, and the presence of the F. cinerea mitochondrial haplotype in 97% of hybrids shows that successful F1 hybrids will generally have F. cinerea mothers and F. selysi fathers. We found no evidence that social organization contributes to speciation, because hybrids occur in both single‐queen and multiple‐queen colonies. Strongly differentiated cuticular hydrocarbon profiles and heightened interspecific aggression further reveal that species recognition cues are both present and perceived. The discovery of fertile hybrids and asymmetrical gene flow is unusual in ants, and this hybrid zone will therefore provide an ideal system with which to investigate speciation in social insects.