bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
»Alle 600 Jahre kam der deutsche Geist sozusagen wieder dran.«
Authors: Knapp Fritz Peter 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTheodor Vennemann’s hypothesis 1995 proposing an impact of prosodic change on German versification has not been taken enough into consideration by literary historians up to this day. The best evidence of this impact can be found in the usage of masculine dissyllabic ending in Middle High German strophes, which is provable occasionally till the fourteenth century, but obliterated gradually in the different dialects of the ›theodisc‹ area already since the twelfth century in different speed, but not always according to the very speed linguists found out for the lengthening of short vowels in the open syllable. But the crash of the MHG versification postulated by Vennemann is quite confirmed. Replacing it with the Latin-Romance principle of counting syllables does not help really, but causes only confusion until the reform of versification combines it with strict alternation of lift and dip. Only this new beginning permits, but not earlier than during the eighteenth century, again a blossom of verse poetry as at the end of the twelfth century.
Xanthogranulomatous urethritis and cystitis: a rare clinical and pathological entity
Authors: Lewkowicz Dorota , Wronecki Lech , Pasnik Iwona , Bialek Waldemar , Walczyna Beata , Fronczek Agnieszka 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the urethra and the urinary bladder is a very rare pathological condition characterized by a chronic inflammatory infiltration composed mainly of foamy macrophages, with the presence of multinucleated giant cells. In a clinical examination, it can mimic urinary bladder carcinoma. This report presents the extremely rare case of a co-existing xanthogranulomatous urethritis and cystitis in a 64-year-old woman with recurrent dysuria, and with the suspicion of malignancy - as indicated on the basis of a cystoscopic examination. The standard treatment of this disorder is surgical resection, but in the presented case, only a diagnostic biopsy was performed. Because of the persistence of clinical symptoms, a cystoscopic examination and biopsy was repeated three times in a two year period. There was no malignancy seen in the repeated biopsies.
The significance of the adenosinergic system in morphine dependence
Authors: Lupina Malgorzata , Listos Joanna 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Addiction is a chronic and recurrent disease. In its pathology, neuroadaptive changes within the dopaminergic pathways inside the mesolimbic system play a predominant role. Of note, the manner in which various neurotransmitters act on their receptors, may modulate the addictive process. Adenosine, an important neuromodulator in the central nervous system, is able to modify the opioid dependence, doing so mainly by its activity on the adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. In the present manuscript, the actual state of knowledge on the relationships between adenosinergic receptors and opioid dependence has been described. Various literature data on the involvement of adenosine ligands, mainly in the signs of morphine withdrawal, as well as morphine-induced sensitization, were also collected. Additionally, in this paper, some important interactions between adenosine and other neurotransmitters (e.g. dopamine, glutamate) are described. It is put forward that these connections are the major mechanism of involvement of the adenosinergic system in morphine addiction. The repeatedly confirmed effectiveness of adenosine ligands in morphine dependence, as seen in various experimental protocols, suggests that adenosine ligands may be useful tools for developing new strategies for attenuating morphine dependence.
The influence of montelukast on the autonomic nervous system activity in rats with cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Authors: Dobrek Lukasz , Skowron Beata , Baranowska Agnieszka , Thor Piotr Jan 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis involves arachidonic acid-derived inflammatory mediators, among them leukotrienes. Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, is reported to exert an alleviatory effect in the course of cystitis associated with overactive bladder symptoms. The aim of this study was to verify whether the effect of montelukast is also associated with its influence on autonomic activity. The experiment included 20 rats with cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (75 mg/kg, four doses every second day), among them, 10 treated with oral montelukast (10 mg/kg for 8 days) and 10 controls. Time and frequency domain analyses of heart rate variability (HRV) were conducted in all the rats as an indirect measure of their autonomic activity. The montelukast-treated animals showed an increase in root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), as well as an increase in HRV spectrum total power (TP) and power of very low (VLF) spectral component. This suggests that due to its anti-inflammatory and its anti-leukotriene effect, montelukast improves overall autonomic activity, with no preferential influence on either the sympathetic or parasympathetic part. Furthermore, the increase in VLF corresponds to attenuation of inflammatory response. In conclusion, this study showed that aside from its antagonistic effect on leukotriene receptors, montelukast can also modulate autonomic activity.
Omentin - a new adipokine with many roles to play
Authors: Halabis Magdalena , Dziedzic Marcin , Warchulinska Joanna , Kaznowska-Bystryk Iwona , Solski Janusz 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Adipose tissue is at a point of high interest in medical research, not only as an energy depot, but also because it secretes nearly more than 600 cytokines. These are termed‚ adipokines’. Human adipokines are involved in numerous metabolic processes, including the regulation of appetite, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, inflammation and cardiovascular activity. Thus, these could be clinically important as a markers of adipose tissue function and increased metabolic risk. The search for novel adipokines linking obesity to related co-morbidities has become a major topic in obesity research. In such work, there is an increasing need to define their function, their molecular targets and their potential clinical relevance as biomarkers or in the treatment of obesity and other metabolic diseases.
Omentin (34 kDa) is a recently identified fat deposition-specific adipokine with multiple interactions. Concentrations of omentin have been shown to be decreased in patients with obesity and impaired glucose regulation, in patients afflicted with diabetes type 1 and 2, and in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. These are all diseases commonly associated with insulin resistance and obesity. The aim of this study was to show and compare the latest information about omentin and its relationships with obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), inflammation, cardiac problems, sex hormone imbalances and cancer.
The association of omentin with particular metabolic indexes may suggest that an elevation in omentin level may be seen as being a marker for leanness, while a decreased level will underline possible situations of overweight and obesity along with their comorbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, inflammation and even cancer). However, a challenge for the future is to fully understand the multiple role played by omentin. Thus, more studies in these matter are required.
TLC-densitometric analysis of α-escin in bulk drug substance and in pharmaceutical dosage forms
Authors: Dolowy Malgorzata , Pyka-Pajak Alina , Filip Katarzyna , Zagrodzka Joanna 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A quite simple and rapid TLC-densitometric method for the identification of α-escin (Aescin) in bulk drug substances was developed. In so doing, different chromatographic conditions, including various mobile and stationary phases, were tested. A TLC densitometric determination of the examined compound was performed without using visualizing reagent, yet with the use of appropriate dipping reagents, in order to obtain reliable UV-densitometric measurements of α-escin - a substance which has weak chromophore groups. Herein, the application of a mobile phase containing n-butanolacetic acid-water in volume composition 30:7:13, the use of silica gel 60F254 plates with concentrating zone, and subsequent application of 10% sulphuric acid in ethanol or 5% vanillin in methanol/sulphuric acid, respectively, provided the best results in a TLCdensitometric study of α-escin. The described method was successfully employed to identify α-escin in commercial samples that were in an oral dosage form (tablets) and also in the form of gel containing 20 mg of α-escin.
The use of gold and gold alloys in prosthetic dentistry – a literature review
Authors: Oleszek-Listopad Justyna , Sarna-Bos Katarzyna , Szabelska Anna , Czelej-Piszcz Elzbieta , Borowicz Janusz , Szymanska Jolanta 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Gold is a noble metal with very good chemical resistance. It also does not become oxidized in water or air. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and shine, and it is a heavy, but soft metal with huge plasticity and ductility. For many years, gold and its alloys have been recognized as being great prosthetic material in dental practice. In current dentistry, the progress in materials science and galvanoforming techniques have made it possible to create precise restorations utilizing this metal. This pertains both to fixed and removable dentures. Galvanized gold has a range of advantages, among these being biocompatibility, proper marginal tightness, endurance, its esthetic design and the fact that it boasts bacteriostatic features.
A comparison of the traditional casting method and the galvanoforming technique in gold alloy prosthetic restorations
Authors: Sarna-Boś Katarzyna , Batyra Agata , Oleszek-Listopad Justyna , Piórkowska-Skrabucha Beata , Borowicz Janusz , Szymańska Jolanta 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Gold is a dental material with very good mechanical properties. It is also aesthetic and biocompatible with the tissues of the oral cavity even at 100% purity. Prosthetic restorations made of pure gold or its alloys can be practiced either through a normal casting, as well as through using the galvanoforming technique. The electrolytic method was first introduced into dentistry about 20 years ago and it allows for producing “pure” gold (which means 99.99% Au). The lack of additions of other metals improves the properties of dental prostheses, such as marginal tightness, esthetics, biocompatibility, and it helps in eliminating any allergic reactions. The literature review presented in this paper is a comparison of the traditional casting method with the newer galvanoforming technique.
Organ and prenatal toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: Dyndor Katarzyna , Dworzanski Wojciech , Pliszczynska-Steuden Małgorzata , Cendrowska-Pinkosz Monika , Chroscicki Tomasz , Dyndor Przemyslaw , Dworzanska Anna , Piasek Ewa , Piech Piotr , Ruchala Marcin , Golec Katarzyna , Hermanowicz-Dryka Teresa 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, commonly referred to as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are among the most taken pharmaceuticals. In adults, they can have a series of side effects, including especially gastroenterotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, chondrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, and they can induce allergic reactions. Any exacerbation of symptoms depends on the chemical structure of the drug, its dosage and duration of exposure, individual sensitivity, comorbidities and the degree of inhibition of basic COX isoenzymes - the constitutive (COX-2) and induced (COX-1) expressions. However, data on prenatal toxicity are inconsistent. Classic nonselective COX inhibitors do not result in an increase in the risk of developing significant congenital defects; however, if used in the late-pregnancy period, they can have an adverse effect on the foetus, by inducing the premature closure of the ductus arteriosus and by producing a tocolytic effect. Individual reports also indicate the increased risk of developing heart and anterior abdominal wall defects, as well as hypospadias.
Synergistic interaction of levetiracetam with gabapentin in the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model – a type II isobolographic analysis
Authors: Wlaz Aleksandra , Kondrat-Wrobel Maria W. , Zaluska Katarzyna , Kochman Ewelina , Rekas Anna R. , Luszczki Jarogniew J. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This study was aimed at characterizing the anticonvulsant effects of levetiracetam in combination with gabapentin, in the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model. Herein, psychomotor seizures were evoked in male albino Swiss mice by a current (32 mA, 6 Hz, 3 s stimulus duration) delivered via ocular electrodes. Type II isobolographic analysis was used to characterize the anticonvulsant interactions between the drugs in combination, for fixed-ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:5 and 1:10. The type II isobolographic analysis revealed that the combinations of levetiracetam with gabapentin for the fixed-ratios of 1:5 and 1:10 were supra-additive (synergistic; P<0.05) in terms of seizure suppression, while the combinations for the fixed-ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 were additive in the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model. We conclude that, as the combinations of levetiracetam with gabapentin for the fixed-ratios of 1:5 and 1:10 exerted supra-additive (synergistic) interaction in the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model, this may be considered as particularly favorable combinations in further clinical practice.
The influence of the viscosity of the ointment vehicles magisterial topical preparations, on the speed transfer of biologically active substances
Authors: Glogowski Adrian , Kolodziejska Justyna , Kolodziejczyk Michal K. , Zgoda Marian M. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the morphological parameters (viscosity, viscous elasticity and the rate of volatile component loss) of salicylic and boric acid-containing magisterial formulae (ointments). Moreover, the effects of these parameters on the diffusion rate of a therapeutic agent (salicylic acid) to an in vitro external compartment were analyzed. Finally, the applicatory properties of the ointments prepared by way of a conventional technique (in a mortar) and with the aid of an unguator, were compared. The rheological parameters of the analyzed ointments suggest that the preparations made with an aid of an unguator, irrespective of the physicochemical characteristics of their vehicles, are characterized by higher values of diffusion coefficient (D). In addition, conventionally-prepared formulae containing salicylic were shown to be characterized by better viscous elasticity. Surprisingly, irrespective of the preparation technique, the ointments based on an absorptive vehicle (containing lanolin) were characterized by similar viscous elasticity. The rate of volatile (water) component loss from ointments containing a 3% solution of boric acid suggests that such formulae lose no more than 2.3% of their mass when exposed at 37℃. Therefore, the viscosity of such ointments applied onto a patient’s skin should remain relatively stable.
A CFD Study on Two-Phase Frozen Flow of Air/Water Through a Safety Relief Valve
Authors: Alshaikh Moftah , Dempster William 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The air-water two phase critical flows through a safety relief valve commonly used in the refrigeration industry is examined with particular emphasis on the prediction of the critical mass flowrates using CFD based approaches. The expansion of the gas through the valve and the associated acceleration is coupled to the liquid phase and results in changes to the velocity slip with the possibility of influencing the choking conditions and the magnitude of the critical mass flows. These conditions are poorly reported in the literature for safety valves. This paper presents a study where the ability of established two phase multi-dimensional modelling approaches to predict such conditions are investigated. Comparison with the simplified mixture model will show that this model tends to underestimate mass flowrates for medium to high liquid mass fraction. However, the two fluid model can adequately account for the thermal and mechanical non equilibrium for these complex flow conditions with the use of simplified droplet sizing rules.
On the Lie structure of zero row sum and related matrices
Authors: Boukas Andreas , Feinsilver Philip , Fellouris Anargyros 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We study the structure of zero row sum matrices as an algebra and as a Lie algebra in the
context of groups preserving a given projection in the algebra of matrices. We find
the structure of the Lie algebra of the group that fixes a given projection. Details for the zero row sum matrices
are presented. In particular, we find the Levi decomposition and give an explicit unitary equivalence
with the affine Lie algebra. An orthonormal basis for zero row sum matrices appears naturally.
Political Re-Performances of Tragedy in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BC
Authors: Duncan Anne 
Published: December 2015

Abstract:Tragedies written by or performed for absolute rulers, such as Hieron of Syracuse, Philip of Macedon, Alexander the Great, Dionysius of Syracuse, and Alexander of Pherai, were intended to advance the prestige and goals of the ruler’s regime. Re-performances of “classic” plays in Athens could be interpreted to critique or support political positions of the day.
Drama Outside Athens in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BC
Authors: Csapo Eric , Wilson Peter 
Published: December 2015

Abstract:This chapter surveys evidence for the spread, in the fifth and fourth centuries BC, of drama and theatrical culture around the eastern Mediterranean from Sicily to Babylon and from the Black Sea to Cyrene. 116 sites are examined with some attention given to the chronological, social, political and festival context of the reception of theater and, where specifically attested, of drama.
Annotierte Korpora für die Historische Syntaxforschung: Anwendungsbeispiele anhand des Referenzkorpus Mittelhochdeutsch
Authors: Dipper Stefanie 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article addresses the use of annotated corpora for research in historical German syntax, introducing the Reference Corpus of Middle High German (REM) as a showcase. The article shows how to search the corpus with the corpus tool ANNIS. It takes up a range of popular research questions from historical syntax, in particular inflection of predicative adjectives, pre- and postnominal genitive constructions, relative order of pronouns and of verbs and auxiliaries. It is shown in detail how REM can be exploited to retrieve corpus evidence of these phenomena. The article also discusses challenges and opportunities of using annotated corpora. It argues that use of annotated corpora opens up new ways for research in historical syntax.
Automatically generated periodic graphs
Authors: McColm Gregory 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA crystal structure may be described by a periodic graph, so the automatic generation of periodic graphs satisfying given criteria should prove useful in understanding crystal structure and developing a theory for crystal design. We present an algorithm for constructing periodic graphs, based on a discrete variant of “turtle geometry,” which we formalize using isometries represented as affine transformations. This algorithm is given information about the putative orbits (kinds) of vertices and edges and produces a finite graph which is then collapsed into a unit cell of a periodic graph. We verify that this algorithm will generate any periodic graph.
Effect of a Hospital-wide High-Flow Nasal Cannula Protocol on Clinical Outcomes and Resource Utilization of Bronchiolitis Patients Admitted to the PICU
Authors: Riese Jeffrey , Fierce Jamie , Riese Alison , Alverson Brian K. 
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the association of the introduction of a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) protocol with clinical outcomes and hospital charges of infants with bronchiolitis initially admitted to the PICU.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective, nonrandomized, preintervention-postintervention study of infants with bronchiolitis initially admitted to the PICU for HFNC. We compared patients admitted in the 24 months before and after protocol initiation for HFNC use on the general wards. The primary outcome assessed was length of hospital stay (LOS), and the secondary outcomes included total hospital charges, intubation, and 30-day readmission. We conducted bivariate analysis using χ2 test for categorical variables and Student’s t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables.

RESULTS:
Two hundred and ninety patients were admitted to the PICU on HFNC; 120 patients were admitted before and 170 admitted after the introduction of HFNC use on the general wards. Comparing the 2 groups, the median LOS was significantly reduced (4 days vs 3 days; P &lt; .001), as was the median total hospital charges ($12 257 vs $9337; P &lt; .001). After starting HFNC use on the wards, 30% of patients initially admitted to the PICU were ultimately transferred to the wards while still on HFNC. There was no difference in intubation rate or 30-day readmission between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
For bronchiolitis patients initially admitted to the PICU, initiating a guideline for HFNC use on the general pediatric wards is associated with reduced total hospital LOS and total hospital charges, with no difference in intubation rates or 30-day readmission.
A Comparison of Parents of Healthy Versus Sick Neonates: Is There a Difference in Readiness and/or Success in Quitting Smoking?
Authors: Boykan Rachel , Messina Catherine R. 
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVES:
Study objectives were to compare smoking cessation rates between parents in the newborn nursery (NBN) versus the NICU and compare acceptance of referral to the New York State Smoker’s Quitline (NYSSQL) between the 2 units. Secondary aims were to identify opportunities for improved smoking cessation interventions with parents of newborns.

METHODS:
From January through December 2013, smoking parents/caregivers of infants in the NBN and NICU (n = 226) completed a 34-item questionnaire. For those who accepted electronic referral to the NYSSQL, participation/outcome data and questionnaire data were matched. Relationships were examined using the χ2 test of independence.

RESULTS:
The majority of respondents had cut back (56%) or quit (36%) prenatally. Seventy-nine percent of NBN parents accepted referred to the NYSSQL versus 53% of NICU parents; odds ratio = 3.31 (1.48–7.40; P &lt; .01). At 7- to 8-month follow-up (n = 35): 11 of 28 (NBN) versus 0 of 7 (NICU) quit, 11 of 28 (NBN) versus 5 of 7 (NICU) cut back, 6 of 28 (NBN) versus 2 of 7 (NICU) did not quit/cut back (P = .13). Significantly more mothers (80%; 16/20) compared with fathers (46%; 6/13) quit/cut back, 20% (4/20) of mothers versus 54% (7/13) of fathers did not quit/cut back (P = .04). Exclusive formula-feeding rates were higher in this cohort of smokers surveyed than in all parents of infants admitted to the NBN/NICU for the same year (45% vs 13%).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study population, parents of healthy newborns were more receptive to quitline referrals than parents of infants admitted to the NICU.