bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Collision Avoidance and Path‐Following of USVs With Reduced Conservativeness: A Control Barrier Function‐Based Approach
Authors: Wen Guanghui , Fu Junjie , Lu Hang , Sun Jianfei , Shen Han 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe collision avoidance and path‐following problem is fundamental for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) to accomplish various tasks in different water environments. However, addressing this issue is challenging, as USVs are inevitably affected by environmental disturbances in practice. In this study, we address the robust collision avoidance path‐following problem for USVs with unknown bounded environmental disturbances by using the control barrier function (CBF)‐based approach. To reduce the conservativeness for the collision avoidance actions, the elliptical shape of the USV is considered when designing the control law. Furthermore, a high‐order control barrier function (HOCBF)‐based approach is proposed to achieve the robust collision avoidance with respect to both static and dynamic obstacles. Specifically, a nominal robust path‐following controller is first designed utilizing the predefined‐time observers without considering the collision avoidance requirement. Then, by considering the elliptical USV and the circular obstacles, collision avoidance input constraints are derived by the proper HOCBFs. Finally, a local quadratic programming (QP)‐based controller is proposed to achieve robust collision avoidance and path‐following of the USV. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Corporate social responsibility in the age of activist directorships
Authors: Connelly Brian L. , DesJardine Mark R. , Shi Wei , Sun Zhihui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryWe draw attention to a rapidly emerging phenomenon—the appointment of activist‐nominated directors to boards—that could have consequences for stakeholders. Although appointing an activist director tends to improve firm value for shareholders, we uncover a hidden externality wherein it also yields increased reports of stakeholder harm. We introduce activist directors to the management literature and examine an array of considerations with a view toward launching a stream of literature that explores nuanced forms of activist directorships, intemporal trade‐offs in their influence, and the breadth and depth of their behavioral consequences for firms.Managerial SummaryHistorically, activist shareholders have primarily tried to affect managerial decision‐making from their vantage point as outsiders. Today, activist investors are going further by demanding their own seats at the boardroom table. We examine the consequences of these activist directorships, finding that they are associated with increased reports of stakeholder harm. Supplemental analyses show that, while activist directors bring immediate benefits to shareholders, they appear to impose a managerial myopia wherein executives become less inclined to make long‐term investments. Moreover, the adverse effects on stakeholder harm are most profound when a director is a delegate, meaning they work directly for an activist investor, as opposed to a trustee, who is appointed by, but does not work for, an activist investor.
Correlating Catalyst Growth with Liquid Water Distribution in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Sharma Preetam , Aaron Douglas , Boillat Pierre , Cheng Lei , Johnston Christina , Mench Matthew M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of liquid water distribution in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) on the spatially heterogeneous platinum (Pt) catalyst degradation. The membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) are aged using accelerated stress tests (ASTs) in varied cathode gas environments (N2 and air) to instigate Pt catalyst degradation. The study employs high‐resolution neutron imaging and synchrotron micro‐X‐ray diffraction (micro‐XRD) to map liquid water distribution and Pt particle size, respectively. Neutron radiographs reveal liquid water accumulation primarily within the diffusion media, especially under flow field lands, due to thermal resistance differences between channels and lands. Aged MEAs exhibit increased water retention, likely due to increased hydrophilicity of the diffusion media with aging. Synchrotron micro‐XRD maps unveil significant heterogeneity in Pt particle size distribution in the aged MEAs, correlated with preferential liquid water accumulation under flow field lands. This study highlights the critical role of flow field design and water distribution in catalyst degradation, underscoring the need for innovative strategies to enhance fuel cell durability and performance.
Trace Ru Incorporation Boosted Co2P Nanorods for Superior Water Electrolysis and Substrate‐Paired Electrolysis Toward Value‐Added Chemicals in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Ganguly Souradip , Basera Pooja , Ahmed Sahnawaz , Saha Sukanta , Dutta Arnab , Loha Chanchal , Ghosh Sirshendu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectro‐valorization of biomass‐derived chemicals has ensured sustainable production of value‐added products, an effective approach for reducing carbon footprint, through renewable energy. Electrochemical oxidation and reduction reactions in aqueous media using H2O as a potential source for active hydrogenated and oxygenated species fulfill the purpose. In this study, Ru─Co2P nanorods are explored as a bifunctional electrocatalyst toward valorization of Organics at basic media. The in‐situ electrogenerated Co3+ and Co4+ species act as active oxidants toward product selectivity. An overpotential of 68 mV is found for hydrogen evolution reaction (1 m NaOH) with Ru─Co2P. Further, used as cathode, Ru─Co2P effectively reduces furfuraldehyde to furfuryl alcohol and p‐nitrophenol to p‐aminophenol. Ru doping enables ease of formation of active species both for reduction and oxidation, faster charge transfer between catalyst to absorbates. Density Functional Theory calculation establishes Ru incorporation in Co2P surface results in enhanced adsorption of substrates. Ru doping modulates the electronic structure of Co2P which changes the density of states resulting in faster water dissociation and water splitting. To reach 10 mA cm−2 current density only 1.6 V is required for water electrolysis, whereas 1.4 V is enough for substrate‐paired electrolysis with simultaneous oxidation of benzyl alcohol and reduction of p‐nitro phenol.
Enhanced Stability of Melt‐Processable Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Manganese Halides for X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Chen Shichuan , Guo Cuiling , Chen Shan‐Ci , Di Yiming , Fang Xin , Lin Mei‐Jin , Yang Huanghao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMn‐based metal halides scintillators with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) have recently emerged as promising large‐size candidates for X‐ray imaging but still remains as difficult challenge in stability and high processing temperatures. Here, three manganese halides are designed by introducing branched chains into organic cations and extending the carbon chains, namely (i‐PrTPP)2MnBr4, (i‐BuTPP)2MnBr4 and (i‐AmTPP)2MnBr4, successfully lowered the melting point of manganese halides to 120.2 °C. Three materials show striking light yields of 59 000, 40 000, and 52 000 photons MeV−1, respectively. The lowest detection limits are 42.30, 50.92, and 45.71 nGy s−1, respectively. Meanwhile, compared to their counterparts with linear carbon chains, the introduction of branched chains has significantly enhanced the stability of the scintillators in the glass state. A transparent glass has been prepared using a melt‐quenching method, which exhibited 80% transmittance at 400–700 nm. The glass is utilized for X‐ray imaging, achieving a high spatial resolution up to 46.6 lp mm−1. This result provides a new approach to enhancing the performance of such scintillator materials.
Questioning the Representativeness of Damage Mechanisms in Single‐Fiber Composites via In Situ Synchrotron X‐Ray Holo‐Tomography
Authors: Chatziathanasiou Thanasis , Lee Yeajin , Villanova Julie , Stamati Olga , AhmadvashAghbash Sina , Fazlali Babak , Breite Christian , Sinclair Ian , Mavrogordato Mark N. , Spearing S. Mark , Mehdikhani Mahoor , Swolfs Yentl 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn fiber‐reinforced polymer composites, the fiber‐matrix interface controls stress transfer mechanisms, thereby affecting mechanical performance. Interfacial properties are often extracted via single‐fiber composite tests. In these tests, the load is transferred from the polymer to the fiber through interfacial shear stresses, necessitating the evaluation of interfacial shear properties. To adopt these properties in the design of industrially relevant composites, one must assume that the damage mechanisms in single‐fiber composites are representative of those in multi‐fiber composites, consisting of highly aligned, unidirectional plies with high fiber volume fractions. That assumption, however, has never been validated. In this paper, the real‐time damage development is monitored in single‐fiber and multi‐fiber composites using in situ X‐ray holo‐tomography at 150‐nm pixel size. The technique enables the first‐ever 3D detection of longitudinal interfacial debonding in carbon and glass single‐fiber composites. This mechanism is not detected in multi‐fiber composite specimens, suggesting that single‐fiber composites are intrinsically unrepresentative of realistic composite behavior.
Enhancing Energy Density in Aqueous Ammonium‐Ion Supercapacitors via CuCo2S4@MoS2 Core@Shell Heterostructure Design
Authors: Ma Zhengxin , Zhang Yuhao , Wu Qingfeng , Cui Xiaosha , Wu Tianyu , Jiang Haiqing , Sui Xinyi , Tao Kun , Xie Erqing , Zhang Zhenxing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAqueous ammonium‐ion supercapacitors (AASCs) are recognized for their rapid charge‐discharge capability, long cycle life, and excellent power density. However, they still confront the challenges of low energy density. To address the above issue, this work proposes a novel strategy involving the establishment of CuCo2S4@MoS2 core@shell heterostructures to enhance the capacity of electrode material. The double electric layer energy storage mechanism of the MoS2 shell facilitates the storage and provision of a substantial ammonium source for NH4+ insertion into CuCo2S4, thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of AASCs. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the CuCo2S4@MoS2 core@shell heterostructures exhibit better affinity for NH4+ and improved conductivity. Furthermore, the internal electric field at the heterojunction accelerates NH4+ transfer, thereby enhancing the pseudocapacitive behavior of CuCo2S4. Owing to the abundant active sites and pronounced pseudo‐capacitance, the CuCo2S4@MoS2 electrode achieves a specific capacity of 2045 C g−1 at 1 A g−1. With activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode, the fabricated CuCo2S4@MoS2//AC AASC device attains a specific capacity of 591 C g−1 and an energy density of 83.23 Wh kg−1. This work presents a promising new strategy for the next generation of AASCs.
Electrical Doping in Sc‐III‐Nitrides: Toward Multifunctional Devices at the Single Device Level
Authors: Fathabadi Milad , Vafadar Mohammad Fazel , Lamanque Jean‐Christophe , Zhao Songrui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA homogeneous integration of various types of devices using a single material platform is an ideal route toward multifunctional devices at the single‐device level for miniaturized, fast, and energy‐efficient systems. However, such a single material platform is still missing. Scandium‐containing III‐nitrides (Sc‐III‐nitrides) are promising, but their electrical doping properties remain unknown. In this work, the electrical doping in Sc‐III‐nitrides is investigated and optoelectronic devices using Sc‐III‐nitrides on silicon (Si) are further demonstrated. The material format of the nanowire is used, with magnesium (Mg) serving as the impurity dopant to control the electrical doping. It is discovered that, by adjusting the Mg doping concentrations, the Sc‐III‐nitrides can be tuned from n‐type to p‐type. Device application in light‐emitting is further demonstrated using the p‐type Sc‐III‐nitrides as the hole injection layer. The performance comparison between devices using the regrown Sc‐containing p‐type contact layers and non‐Sc‐containing p‐type contact layers indicates the advantage of Sc incorporation in improving the quality of the regrown p‐type layer in a device structure. The electrical doping in Sc‐III‐nitrides demonstrated in this study represents an important step toward a homogeneous integration of different types of devices using a single material platform.
An Efficient Algorithm for Exploitative Monetization Scam Video Detection Over Social Media Platforms
Authors: Tripathi Ashutosh , Bharti Kusum Kumari , Ghosh Mohona 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent years, there has been a surge in scam videos on YouTube which make false assurances of monetary benefits to the viewers by performing trivial tasks such as watching videos, downloading dubious apps, and sharing personal identifiable information (PII). The present work aims to detect such videos referred to as exploitative monetization scam videos. In the first step of the proposed two‐step algorithm, two new features are derived, named as scam–parent comment ratio features and nonscam parent comment ratio features using Word2Vec‐based comment classifier. The next step combines these features and other video metadata features to perform the final labeled video classification using machine learning algorithms. Five different algorithms, namely Gaussian Naive Bayes, logistic regression, support vector machine, adaboost and random forest have been used in the video classification task. The results illustrate that the area‐under‐curve (AUC) score of 91% is obtained for the video classification. A comparative analysis of the proposed model with the other state‐of‐the‐art methods shows that our model outperforms others in the exploitative monetization scam video classification task.
A Unified Framework for Covariate Adjustment Under Stratified Randomisation
Authors: Tu Fuyi , Ma Wei , Liu Hanzhong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRandomisation, as a key technique in clinical trials, can eliminate sources of bias and produce comparable treatment groups. In randomised experiments, the treatment effect is a parameter of general interest. Researchers have explored the validity of using linear models to estimate the treatment effect and perform covariate adjustment and thus improve the estimation efficiency. However, the relationship between covariates and outcomes is not necessarily linear, and is often intricate. Advances in statistical theory and related computer technology allow us to use nonparametric and machine learning methods to better estimate the relationship between covariates and outcomes and thus obtain further efficiency gains. However, theoretical studies on how to draw valid inferences when using nonparametric and machine learning methods under stratified randomisation are yet to be conducted. In this paper, we discuss a unified framework for covariate adjustment and corresponding statistical inference under stratified randomisation and present a detailed proof of the validity of using local linear kernel‐weighted least squares regression for covariate adjustment in treatment effect estimators as a special case. In the case of high‐dimensional data, we additionally propose an algorithm for statistical inference using machine learning methods under stratified randomisation, which makes use of sample splitting to alleviate the requirements on the asymptotic properties of machine learning methods. Finally, we compare the performances of treatment effect estimators using different machine learning methods by considering various data generation scenarios, to guide practical research.
Seismic performance assessment of reinforced concrete coupled walls reinforced with different types of shape memory alloys
Authors: Feli Shahryar , Asgari Marnani Jafar , Ghasemi Abbas , Monajemi Nejad Soheil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNovel earthquake‐resistant materials are of interest to the academic community because they have the potential to reduce seismic residual displacements and, by extension, maintenance costs. Smart materials and technologies have enhanced the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, but the effect of these advancements on issues that arise after earthquakes in RC‐coupled walls has not yet been investigated. This research scrutinizes the seismic performance of RC‐linked walls reinforced with NiTi, FeNCATB, and CuAlMn superelastic shape memory rebar in the boundary regions. As a part of the case study, three RC‐linked wall systems with four, eight, and twelve stories were adopted. The highest critical values for the inter‐story drift ratio (IDR) and the residual inter‐story drift ratio (RIDR) were obtained through the OpenSees program. According to the results, RIDR markedly reduces whenever concerns about the quake's aftermath are highlighted. In accordance with findings, among the whole adopted shape memory alloy (SMA) types in this research, the RC‐coupled wall based on Cu demonstrates superior results concerning RIDR and performs adequately regarding the restoring effect. As a result, seismically involved areas exposed to significant ground motions are typically recommended to use Cu‐based SMA material.
Distinct trajectories of symptomatic response in ulcerative colitis during filgotinib therapy: A post hoc analysis from the SELECTION study
Authors: Schreiber Stefan , Feagan Brian G. , Louis Edouard , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Hibi Toshifumi , Dron Louis , Jamoul Corinne , Patel Haridarshan , Harris Kristina , Taliadouros Virginia , Oortwijn Alessandra , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundFilgotinib is an oral, once‐daily, Janus kinase 1 preferential inhibitor approved for treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) following the phase 2b/3 SELECTION trial. Identification of patient populations and factors associated with long‐term treatment response trajectories may improve UC management.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify and describe distinct patient subgroups of response to filgotinib based on partial Mayo Clinic Score (pMCS) trajectories over time.MethodsIn these post hoc analyses of SELECTION, group‐based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was applied to pMCS to describe groups of distinct, symptom‐based patient trajectories using data from patients who responded to filgotinib 200 or 100 mg and continued receiving filgotinib up to week 58. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, and week 10 response were compared between the groups. Achievement of a patient‐level multi‐component endpoint of comprehensive disease control (CDC) was assessed in each group.ResultsGBTM identified five distinct patient populations with different response trajectories; 67.5% of patients had beneficial trajectories. The beneficial trajectory groups generally had higher proportions of patients who were recently diagnosed (<1 year), were receiving filgotinib 200 mg and were biologic‐naive versus the relapsing trajectory groups (4%–9% vs. 4%–5%; 43%–65% vs. 36%–46%; 54%–70% vs. 35%–58%, respectively). Furthermore, 55.4% of patients had sustained beneficial trajectories, with low baseline endoscopic subscores (≥43% of patients had a subscore of 2) and strong week 10 FCP responses (≥61% of patients with >50% decrease in FCP from baseline). Sustained beneficial trajectory groups had a higher probability of achieving CDC at week 58 than other groups (31%–32% vs. 0%–7%).ConclusionsBeneficial long‐term response trajectories and achievement of CDC with filgotinib were associated with being biologic‐naive and having less severe disease at baseline. Early estimation of sustained and CDC may facilitate patient identification and development of personalized management strategies in UC.ClinicalTrials.gov IdentifierNCT02914522.
Long‐term outcome of a canine longitudinal patellar fracture treated with lag screw and pin
Authors: Weniger Max Bernhard Hubertus , Feichtenschlager Christian , Linde Niklas , Peppler Christine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe report a rare case of a 4‐year‐old, female, mixed‐breed dog with a longitudinal patellar fracture of the left hindlimb. Orthopaedic examination revealed pain, swelling and crepitus in the patella. Stifle radiography and computed tomography confirmed a longitudinal patellar fracture with lateral displacement of the fragment. A lateral parapatellar approach was chosen to assess the stifle joint. Intraoperative findings were consistent with the diagnostic imaging findings, with an additional partial tear of the quadriceps tendon at the fracture location. The fracture was treated using a 2 mm lag screw combined with a 1.25 mm K‐wire, and the partial quadriceps tendon tear was repaired with a locking‐loop suture. Despite a soft tissue injury due to temporary external coaptation treated conservatively, recovery was uneventful, and lameness gradually decreased, remaining lameness‐free from postoperative Week 7. The dog finally returned to full activity without recurrence of lameness during long‐term follow‐up (422 days).
Consciousness Under the Spotlight: The Problem of Measuring Subjective Experience
Authors: Jimenez Mikel , Prieto Antonio , Hinojosa José Antonio , Montoro Pedro R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe study of consciousness is considered by many one of the most difficult contemporary scientific endeavors and confronts several methodological and theoretical challenges. A central issue that makes the study of consciousness so challenging is that, while the rest of science is concerned with problems that can be verified from a “third person” view (i.e., objectively), the study of consciousness deals with the phenomenon of subjective experience, only accessible from a “first person” view. In the present article, we review early (starting during the late 19th century) and later efforts on measuring consciousness and its absence, focusing on the two main approaches used by researchers within the field: objective (i.e., performance based) and subjective (i.e., report based) measures of awareness. In addition, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of both types of awareness measures, evaluate them according to different methodological considerations, and discuss, among other issues, the possibility of comparing them by transforming them to a common sensitivity measure (d′). Finally, we explore several new approaches—such as Bayesian models to support the absence of awareness or new machine‐learning based decoding models—as well as future challenges—such as measuring the qualia, the qualitative contents of awareness—in consciousness research.