bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cybernetic theory for EEG biofeedback
Authors: Patterson Kip Errett 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a theory that applies Miller et al.’s (1960) Test-Operate-Test-Exit (TOTE) concept to the psychophysiology involved in electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback (BFB).

Design/methodology/approach
Six components are presented, namely, the teleological brain, attractors as the “test” in TOTEs, EEG production, positive and negative feedback, synaptogenesis and designated actor, and then integrated into a theoretical structure. Comparisons with the previous conceptualizations are discussed, and finally, suggestions for practical application and needed research are offered.

Findings
Previous theories neglected significant variables and promoted unverified conceptualizations. These issues are redressed with a psychophysiological, cybernetic theory.

Research limitations/implications
The pursuit of substantive research needed to verify the theory would improve the scientific foundations for EEG BFB.

Practical implications
This theory shifts the designated actor in BFB to the participant’s brain, away from the BFB provider. EEG BFB is thus viewed as a means for neuronominalization driven by the brain’s attractor systems instead of as an intrusive intervention.

Social implications
The theory proposes a much more participant-centric process than previous modes, which also promotes self-determination. The research validation needed for the theory could produce wider EEG BFB acceptance and application.

Originality/value
The theory is a complete departure from previous conceptualizations. It is the first instance of TOTE application to psychophysiological processes, and it is the first fully cybernetic conceptualization of EEG BFB.
Entrepreneurial round-tripping
Authors: Hunt Richard , Ortiz-Hunt Lauren 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop and empirically test the theory that new industry entrants hold advantages over incumbents in the shift from unidirectional to multi-directional revenue streams.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a Cobb-Douglas production function, modified to isolate returns to innovation, the authors examine data from three separate contexts: steamships on Western US rivers (1810-1860), satellite-based internet services (1962-2010) and food waste recycling (1995-2015).

Findings
The results reveal that while incumbents often attempt to stretch existing technologies to fit emerging circumstances, entrepreneurial innovators achieve greater success by approaching multi-directional value creation as a distinct challenge, one requiring new technologies, organizational forms and business models. Existing theories have primarily attributed incumb ent inertia to a firm’s inability perceive and pursue radical innovations, the results also suggest that existing firms are unwilling to pursue innovations that are likely to erode the marginal profitability of their respective business models. Ironically, rather than protecting incumbents’ financial interests, the authors find that “marginal reasoning” can lead to diminished performance and even extinction.

Research limitations/implications
The proposed framework and empirical findings have implications for numerous multi-directional frontiers, including: social networking, commercial space travel, distance education and medical treatments using nanoscale technologies.

Practical implications
While incumbents often lament the destabilizing effects of multi-directionality, new and small firms enjoy a compelling array of entry points and opportunities.

Originality/value
Scholars, incumbent firms and start-ups both benefit from insights stemming from the novel formulation of multi-directionality challenges and opportunities.
Why do employees have counterproductive work behavior? The role of founder’s Machiavellianism and the corporate culture in China
Authors: Zheng Wenzhi , Wu Yen-Chun Jim , Chen XiaoChen , Lin Shu-Jou 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the mechanism of how Machiavellian corporate culture (MCC) affects employees’ counterproductive work behaviours.Design/methodology/approachThrough a three-phase grounded study on the data of a single case amounting to over 170,000 words, this qualitative study explores why employees exhibit counterproductive work behaviours.FindingsThe results indicated that the implications of the MCC of family businesses in China include the following three dimensions: low trust, control orientation, and status orientation. In this corporate cultural context, employees exhibit counterproductive work behaviours because they perceive low organisational justice, psychological contract violation, and low trust. Among them, psychological contract violation serves as a triggering mechanism due to the organisational context and trust is crucial to employee counterproductive work behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsIn this study, the results are derived merely from the observation of and generalisation about one case; more therefore, empirical studies are required.Practical implicationsNumerous family business owners in China exhibit a high level of Machiavellian personality traits, and this personality tends to determine the implications of corporate culture. In order to establish a diverse culture, a heterogeneous top manager team must be developed and a new organisational culture must be established from top down.Originality/valueThis study extends the research scopes of employee personality and behaviours as well as leaders’ personality traits and employee emotions, and proposes a theoretical framework of leaders’ personality-culture-employee behaviours as a contribution to studies on organisational behaviour, theories of corporate social responsibility, and development of corporate culture.
Prescriptive portfolio selection: a compromise between fast and slow thinking
Authors: Momen Omid , Esfahanipour Akbar , Seifi Abbas 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a prescriptive portfolio selection (PPS) model based on a compromise between the idea of “fast” and “slow” thinking proposed by Kahneman.
Design/methodology/approach“Fast” thinking is effortless and comfortable for investors, while “slow” thinking may result in better performance. These two systems are related to the first two types of analysis in the decision theory: descriptive, normative and prescriptive analysis. However, to compromise between “fast” and “slow” thinking, “overconfidence” is used as a weighting parameter. A case study including a sample of 161 active investors in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) is provided. Moreover, the feasibility and optimality of the model are discussed.
FindingsResults show that the PPS recommendations are efficient with a shift from the mean-variance efficient frontier; investors prefer PPS portfolios over the advisor recommendations; and investors have no significant preference between PPS and their own expectations.
Research limitations/implicationsTwo assumptions of this study include: first, investors follow their “fast” system of thinking by themselves. Second, the investors’ “slow” system of thinking is represented by advisor recommendations which are simple expected value of risk and return. Therefore, considering these two assumptions for any application is the main limitation of this study. Moreover, the authors did not have access to more investors in TSE or other financial markets.
Originality/valueThis is the first study that includes overconfidence in modeling portfolio selection for the purpose of achieving a portfolio that has a reasonable performance and one that investors are comfortable with.
The flexion withdrawal reflex increases in premature infants at 22–26 weeks of gestation due to changes in spinal cord excitability
Authors: Martakis Kyriakos , Hünseler Christoph , Herkenrath Peter , Thangavelu Kruthika , Kribs Angela , Roth Bernhard 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimOur aim was to study the development of the cutaneous flexion withdrawal reflex among premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, in 2013.MethodologyThis longitudinal cohort study explored the development of spinal cord excitability of 19 premature infants born at 22–26 weeks of gestation. We performed five investigations per subject and studied changes in the reflex threshold with increasing postnatal age at different behavioural states. The premature infants were stimulated with von Frey filaments on the plantar surface of the foot near the first metatarsophalangeal joint during the first 3 days of life and at postnatal ages of 10–14 days, 21–28 days, 49–59 days and a corrected gestational age of 37–40 weeks.ResultsThe mean gestational age of the premature infants included in the study was 24 weeks. Premature infants with a gestational age of less than 26 weeks presented a flexion withdrawal reflex with a low threshold (0.5–2.85 milli‐Newton) in the first 72 hours of life.ConclusionThe flexion withdrawal reflex among premature infants born at less than 26 weeks showed a continuous threshold increase with increasing postnatal age, reflecting changes in spinal cord excitability.
Mass spectrometry to complement standardization of house dust mite and other complex allergenic extracts
Authors: Spiric J. , Reuter A. , Rabin R. L. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn the United States, the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research of the US Food and Drug Administration regulates biologics used for diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. The Code of Federal Regulations 21CFR680.3(e) states that when measured, the potency of an allergenic extract is assessed according to its allergenic activity. As of 2016, 19 allergenic extracts are standardized for potency in the United States. While these standardized extracts constitute a minority of those available, they treat the most prevalent allergies (e.g. grass and ragweed pollens, dust mites, and cat) and those that induce life‐threatening anaphylaxis (e.g. Hymenoptera venom). Standardization for potency enhances safety and efficacy of immunotherapy by minimizing the risks of variations in allergen dosing when switching from one lot of manufactured extract to another, and by providing an objective measure of stability of each lot of allergenic extract over time. Allergenic extracts that have multiple immunodominant allergenic proteins are standardized with little or no information about compositional differences among extracts. Here, we propose application of mass spectrometry towards measurement of compositional differences among extracts that may affect the efficacy and safety of allergen immunotherapy. In addition, we discuss of house dust mite allergen extracts as a prototypical complex extract that may be standardized by mass spectrometry.
Heparin‐bridging therapy and risk of post‐polypectomy bleeding: Meta‐analysis of data reported by Japanese colonoscopists
Authors: Jaruvongvanich Veeravich , Assavapongpaiboon Buravej , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Ungprasert Patompong 
Published: April 2017

Background and AimPeri‐procedural bridging (PPB) with heparin is recommended for patients with high thromboembolic risk who need to withhold antithrombotic therapy for colonoscopic polypectomy. However, little is known about the bleeding risk from heparin‐bridging therapy itself.MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched through January 2017 for studies that compared the risk of PPB in patients who received heparin‐bridging therapy in lieu of antithrombotic agents for colonoscopic polypectomy and those who discontinued antithrombotic agents without receiving heparin. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random‐effects model, generic inverse variance method. Between‐study heterogeneity was quantified using the Q statistic and I2.ResultsA total of five studies consisting of 2601 patients were identified. A significantly increased risk of PPB among bridged patients compared to non‐bridged patients was demonstrated with a pooled OR of 8.29 (95% CI, 4.96–13.87). Statistical heterogeneity was low with I2 of 0%.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated a significantly increased risk of PPB among patients who underwent colonoscopic polypectomy and received heparin‐bridging therapy in lieu of antithrombotic agents compared to patients who did not receive it.
Socioeconomic burden of participation in clinical trials in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Goel Swati , Paoli Chiara , Iurlo Alessandra , Pereira Arturo , Efficace Fabio , Barbui Tiziano , Tefferi Ayalew , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Cervantes Francisco 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the financial and psycho‐social impact of participation in clinical trials of patients with BCR/ABL‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).MethodsAn international, observational cross‐sectional study was performed in 143 consecutive MPN patients (51% myelofibrosis, 36% polycythemia vera, 13% essential thrombocythemia), 68% from Italy, 17% from USA, and 15% from Spain.ResultsThirty‐five percent of patients reported having spent more money during the trial than in previous treatments and 21% having missed more workdays. Twelve percent replied that they would not have participated in the trial if the financial consequences would have been known beforehand. In 10% of the patients, the interpersonal relationships were more affected during the trial than in previous treatment but, overall, 91% subjects believed that participating in the clinical trial was worth the financial or emotional suffering. Concerning patients’ suggestions, 54% of them indicated that the number of visits required for the trial should be clearly specified in the informed consent, 60% recommended travel cost reimbursement, and 23% hotel cost reimbursement.ConclusionsPhysicians and pharmaceutical companies involved in clinical trials with patients with hematological diseases should be aware of these problems and make efforts to attenuate the socioeconomic burden of participation in the trials.
Familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Israel: A disproportionate distribution among Ashkenazi Jews
Authors: Zada Mor , Lerner Daniele , Piltz Yuval , Perry Chava , Avivi Irit , Herishanu Yair 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundRelatives of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are at increased risk of developing CLL. Familial CLL is defined as more than one case of CLL among blood relatives, a phenomenon reported in approximately 5%‐10% of all CLL patients.ObjectiveGiven the known predisposition of CLL among Ashkenazi Jews, we studied the features of familial CLL in an Israeli population.MethodsThis is a retrospective study, in which we reviewed the demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of a total of 332 patients with CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma.ResultsFamilial CLL was recorded in 41 cases (12.3%) of the patients. The age at diagnosis was younger in patients with familial CLL (by almost 3.5 years). Familial CLL was strongly associated with Ashkenazi Jewish origin. Patients with familial CLL more commonly presented with higher hemoglobin and lower serum β‐2‐microglobulin levels. No significant differences were detected between sporadic and familial CLL in disease stage, time to treatment, second cancers, or overall survival.ConclusionFamilial cases of CLL in an Israeli population show a disproportionate ethnic distribution toward Jews of Ashkenazi origin. The clinical characteristics and the overall outcome are not substantially different from sporadic cases.
Is allogeneic stem cell transplantation for myelofibrosis still indicated at the time of molecular markers and JAK inhibitors era?
Authors: Lestang Elsa , Peterlin Pierre , Le Bris Yannick , Dubruille Viviane , Delaunay Jacques , Godon Catherine , Theisen Olivier , Blin Nicolas , Mahe Beatrice , Gastinne Thomas , Garnier Alice , Touzeau Cyrille , Voldoire Maud , Bene Marie C. , Le Gouill Steven , Milpied Noel , Mohty Mohamad , Moreau Philippe , Guillaume Thierry , Chevallier Patrice 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe role of allogenic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is still debated in myelofibrosis (MF).MethodsA retrospective analyzed was performed to compare the outcome of 71 patients with intermediate‐2 or high‐risk Dynamic International Prognosis Scoring System+ (DIPSS+) primary (PMF) or secondary (SMF) myelofibrosis with an indication of ASCT as they ultimately underwent the procedure (n=34) or not (n=37).ResultsFive‐year overall survival (OS) was not statistically different between both groups (allograft: 52% vs no allograft: 34%, P=.12). However, progression to myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia at 5 years was significantly lower in transplanted patients (14% vs 50%, P=.01). In univariate analysis, 5‐year OS was significantly higher for transplanted vs non‐transplanted patients with unfavorable karyotype (75% vs 0%, P=.001), SMF (71% vs 20%, P=.001) or high DIPSS+ score (46% vs 15%, P=.03). There was also a trend for better 5‐year OS in allografted patients with high JAK2V617F burden (>65%) (75% vs 8%, P=.07). Interestingly, the survival of patients who did not proceed to ASCT was dramatically increased by the use of ruxolitinib.ConclusionsNot all intermediate‐2/high‐risk DIPSS+ MF patients benefit from ASCT, especially since the introduction of JAK2 inhibitors.
Promoter polymorphisms of the TIM‐4 gene are correlated with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Liu B. , Liu W. , Wang R. , Shu Q. , Zhang X. , Fan X. , Zhang Q. , Liang X. , Ma C. , Gao L. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryAlthough the TIM gene family plays important roles in immune responses, little is known about TIM regulation in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to investigate the association of two TIM‐4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs6874202 (−1419G>A) and rs62382402 (−1609G>A) with SLE susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. The results showed no significant differences between patients with SLE and control group for rs6874202 and rs62382402 (p = .72, .53 respectively). However, the anti‐dsDNA levels in serum from SLE patients with GG genotype of TIM‐4 gene at ‐1419 site were significantly higher than those with GA and AA genotype (p = .0335), and C3 levels of SLE patients with GG and GA genotype were much lower than those with AA genotypes (p = .0187). Moreover, the apoptotic cell levels of SLE patients with AA and GG genotypes were significantly higher than those with GA genotypes in patients with SLE (p = .0393). In addition, the C3 concentration of SLE patients with the GG genotype of TIM‐4 gene at ‐1609 site was found to be significantly higher than those with the GA genotype (p = .0129). The results imply that GG genotype of the TIM‐4 gene at ‐1419 site might be associated with the disease activity of SLE.
Impact of non‐alcoholic fatty pancreas disease on glucose metabolism
Authors: Yu Tse‐Ya , Wang Chih‐Yuan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWith the increasing global epidemic of obesity, the clinical importance of non‐alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) has grown. Even though the pancreas might be more susceptible to ectopic fat deposition compared with the liver, NAFPD is rarely discussed because of the limitation of detection techniques. In the past, NAFPD was considered as an innocent condition or just part of clinical manifestations during the course of obesity. Recently, a growing body of research suggests that NAFPD might be associated with β‐cell dysfunction, insulin resistance and inflammation, which possibly lead to the development of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The present review summarized the current literature on the epidemiology, potential pathophysiology, diagnostic techniques, impact of NAFPD on β‐cell function and insulin resistance, and the clinical relevance of the interplay between NAFPD and glucometabolic disorders.
Multivariate genetic architecture of the Anolis dewlap reveals both shared and sex‐specific features of a sexually dimorphic ornament
Authors: Cox R. M. , Costello R. A. , Camber B. E. , McGlothlin J. W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDarwin viewed the ornamentation of females as an indirect consequence of sexual selection on males and the transmission of male phenotypes to females via the ‘laws of inheritance’. Although a number of studies have supported this view by demonstrating substantial between‐sex genetic covariance for ornament expression, the majority of this work has focused on avian plumage. Moreover, few studies have considered the genetic basis of ornaments from a multivariate perspective, which may be crucial for understanding the evolution of sex differences in general, and of complex ornaments in particular. Here, we provide a multivariate, quantitative‐genetic analysis of a sexually dimorphic ornament that has figured prominently in studies of sexual selection: the brightly coloured dewlap of Anolis lizards. Using data from a paternal half‐sibling breeding experiment in brown anoles (Anolis sagrei), we show that multiple aspects of dewlap size and colour exhibit significant heritability and a genetic variance–covariance structure (G) that is broadly similar in males (Gm) and females (Gf). Whereas sexually monomorphic aspects of the dewlap, such as hue, exhibit significant between‐sex genetic correlations (rmf), sexually dimorphic features, such as area and brightness, exhibit reduced rmf values that do not differ from zero. Using a modified random skewers analysis, we show that the between‐sex genetic variance–covariance matrix (B) should not strongly constrain the independent responses of males and females to sexually antagonistic selection. Our microevolutionary analysis is in broad agreement with macroevolutionary perspectives indicating considerable scope for the independent evolution of coloration and ornamentation in males and females.
Awareness of risk of cross‐infection and infection‐control measures among patients attending University Dental Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Authors: Ratnayake Dilini , Medawela Sumudu , Jayasinghe Ruwan , Jayathilake Sumedha , de Silva Dileep , Sitheeque Mohaideen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to assess awareness of the risk of cross‐infection and infection‐control measures practiced in dental clinics for patients attending the outpatient dental department (OPD) at University Dental Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional study was carried out among 427 patients who attended the OPD clinics at University Dental Hospital. An interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to collect data, and chi‐squared‐test of association was applied where appropriate.ResultsMost patients (75.2%) were aware that there was a chance of infection transmission during dental treatments, and nearly 72% stated that wearing gloves and masks by their dentists was important during dental treatment. Awareness was higher among patients with a higher educational level. Participants revealed their fear of potential transmission of blood‐borne pathogens in the dental setting. Awareness of sterilization of dental instruments was poor.ConclusionsThe public should be made aware of the possible risks of cross‐infection and the importance of infection‐control practices in dental clinics. Dental professionals should fill the information gap.