bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern Methods of Investigating Flutter and Vibration
Authors: Hitch H. P. Y. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe past several years have seen a steady advance in the techniques employed in flutter and vibration analysis. At the same time aircraft performance has been improved on every front and margins have had to be reduced: it is only by making full use of these modern methods that the accepted margins of safety have been preserved.The paper reviews the processes which are currently used in the prediction and prevention of aircraft flutter in contrast to those of a few years back. The more recent types of flutter which have had to be considered are discussed briefly in relation to the methods which have been developed to deal with them. Ground and Flight testing methods are reviewed together with the use to which the results are put.Finally there is a discussion of the increasing need to predict sub-critical response. The methods employed are discussed in relation to the more important problems.
A Driving Mechanism for High Frequency Combustion Instability in Liquid Fuel Rocket Engines
Authors: McCormack P. D. 
Published: July 2016

The problem of combustion pressure oscillation in liquid-fuel rocket motor operation has long been the subject of theoretical and experimental investigations.The low frequency (less than 200 cps) type of oscillation, known as “chugging”, has been thoroughly analysed and the problem solved (see Crocco, 5th Combustion Symposium, p. 164).This Note is concerned with the more complex (and more destructive) high frequency oscillations, covering a range from about 1000 to 6000 cps. Such oscillations can resonate with the acoustical modes of the combustion chamber. Longitudinal, tangential and radial oscillating modes have been observed.
Elastic Stability of Cylindrical Shells under Axial and Lateral Loads
Authors: Lakshmikantham C. , Gerard George 
Published: July 2016

In the stability analysis of cylinders under external loading, the axial compression and lateral pressure cases are relatively well established: see, for example, ref. 1. However, from a design point of view, a biaxial system of forces due to a combination of axial compression and external pressure is often encountered in launch vehicle structures. While many other combined loading cases have appeared in the literature, the case under present consideration has not; therefore, this note is devoted to a general treatment of this problem. It is to be noted that Radhakrishnan presented some specific results for this loading combination for elastic and plastic buckling.Using the Donnell equation for small deformations, the present report considers the effect of various compressive loading combinations on the stability problem of an un-stiffened circular cylinder.
A Finite-Difference Approximation to a Non-Self-Adjoint Eigensystem
Authors: Saravanos B. 
Published: July 2016

The solution of some non-self-adjoint eigensystems describing the elastic instability of structural elements requires essentially the determination of the minimum value of a parameter associated with the eigenvalues. Usually, a substantial programme of computation is implicit in this type of system.During a preliminary consideration of possible methods of practical computation for a certain problem of this kind, which is currently being investigated by the author, the question arose concerning the suitability of a finite-difference approximation for the purpose. The object of such an approximation was to provide a relatively rapid, if crude, means for a first estimate of the solution by desk-calculation methods.
Microbiological Attack in Aircraft Fuel Systems
Authors: Lansdown A. R. 
Published: July 2016

Summary:— A great deal of publicity has been given in recent years to the problems caused by microbiological attack on aviation fuels, although there had been considerable experience of the subject before the first serious problems arose in aviation. Intensive studies of the nature of the attack have shown that although limited use of biocides has been successful, the best control is by the elimination of stagnant water from the fuel supply system and the aircraft fuel system.
Agricultural Pilots’ Training
Authors: Maan W. J. 
Published: July 2016

It must be obvious to anyone who has anything to do with agricultural aviation, that the training of agricultural pilots has, lately, received more attention than ever before. There are several good reasons for this and before speaking of the training itself, as it is carried out in the different countries, I feel that it might serve a useful purpose to go into these reasons more deeply.The first part of the subject, that is, the reason why we are forced to pay more attention to the training of agricultural pilots than we have in the past, I have often mentioned both by word of mouth and in writing. This will not prevent me, however, from doing so again. This whole question is, in my opinion, of prime importance.
Training
Authors: Eadon Alan 
Published: July 2016

Having been asked to recount a brief history of the origin and conception of the Aeronautical Technical School Movement, I wish to pay the highest tribute to the philosophy, example, logical methods and encouragement of those men from whom I had the good fortune to receive my own training and under whom I was privileged to serve. Their sterling qualities were co-ordinated and embodied in the establishment of the first Civil Aeronautical Technical School and have led to the achievements of countless of its pupils.The basic principles of the School have remained unaltered but they have been adapted and amplified, with success, to meet the requirements of subject, numbers, nationality, language, character, creed and environment, for a variety of projects for Governments and Industry, involving the training of individuals and small classes up to many thousands of trainees—maximum results in the minimum of time being the objective.
The Good Old Days
Authors: Tinson Clifford W. 
Published: July 2016

The title chosen identifies the period when flying was an adventure; when the design and construction of aeroplanes and attempts to become airborne on them, whether successful or not, created the pleasure and satisfaction that is felt by the “do it yourself” enthusiast who, with little previous experience to guide him, ventures more or less into the unknown; when every failure and disappointment is a spur, a stimulus and a positive urge to try again and do a little better next time. This period began seriously not much more than sixty years ago.In this age when people are being whisked to the ends of the earth at speeds approaching Mach one and when tremendous efforts are going forward to propel them there two or three times faster than that, it is almost incredible that the progress which we have seen take place could have been possible in such a comparatively brief period.
A Young Man's View of the Aerospace Profession
Authors: Fincher H. M. 
Published: July 2016

When one talks of the difficulties of the aerospace industry in this country, it is all too easy to point a finger westwards to the United States. It then seems right to talk of long production runs and large home markets. One can then turn to our own industry and to its output since the last War, and perhaps forgive.But should we?In this short paper, a young author intends to examine professional education and manpower in aeronautics, because herein must be the reason for any future success or failure of the products of the industry, and the pointer to the future level of expertise in the art.
Identifying Fallers among Home Care Clients with Dementia and Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Bansal Symron , Hirdes John P. , Maxwell Colleen J. , Papaioannou Alexandra , Giangregorio Lora M. 
Published: July 2016

RÉSUMÉIl y a eu peu d’études qui se concentrent sur les chutes chez les clients qui reçoivent des soins à domicile (SD) avec des conditions neurologiques. Cette étude a identifié les facteurs qui accroissent le risque de chutes chez les clients SD sans histoire récente de telles chutes, et a exploré si les profils de risque variaient parmi les personnes atteintes de démence ou le parkinsonisme, par rapport à celles sans conditions neurologiques sélectionnés. Une étude de cohorte rétrospective a été utilisée, et l’analyse des données provenant de clients SD communautaires de l’Ontario a été menée sur un échantillon de clients ambulatoires atteints de démence, de parkinsonisme, ou d’aucune des conditions neurologiques sélectionnées. Les données ont été obtenues à partir de l’instrument d’évaluation des résidents en soins à domicile (IERSD-SD). Dans l’analyse multivariée, le résultat utilisé était de savoir si les clients ont tombé au cours du suivi. Une démarche instable était un fort prédicteur des chutes dans les trois groupes. Le parkinsonisme co-morbide a prédit plus fortement les chutes dans le groupe de démence. Les clients qui ont montré la limite intacte à la déficience cognitive légère étaient plus susceptibles de se sont trouvés dans les groupes de parkinsonisme et de comparaison. Les chances de tomber étaient plus élevées pour les clients avec la limite intacte à la déficience cognitive légère qui également faisaient partie des groupes de la maladie de Parkinson et de comparaison.
Predicting substance use in emerging adulthood: A genetically informed study of developmental transactions between impulsivity and family conflict
Authors: Elam Kit K. , Wang Frances L. , Bountress Kaitlin , Chassin Laurie , Pandika Danielle , Lemery-Chalfant Kathryn 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDeviance proneness models propose a multilevel interplay in which transactions among genetic, individual, and family risk factors place children at increased risk for substance use. We examined bidirectional transactions between impulsivity and family conflict from middle childhood to adolescence and their contributions to substance use in adolescence and emerging adulthood (n= 380). Moreover, we examined children's, mothers’, and fathers’ polygenic risk scores for behavioral undercontrol, and mothers’ and fathers’ interparental conflict and substance disorder diagnoses as predictors of these transactions. The results support a developmental cascade model in which children's polygenic risk scores predicted greater impulsivity in middle childhood. Impulsivity in middle childhood predicted greater family conflict in late childhood, which in turn predicted greater impulsivity in late adolescence. Adolescent impulsivity subsequently predicted greater substance use in emerging adulthood. Results are discussed with respect to evocative genotype–environment correlations within developmental cascades and applications to prevention efforts.
Principles of Management Lessons 9: Group Dynamics in Disasters
Authors: Cuny Fred C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA disaster is the most acute example of an unusual situation and the disaster manager must operate in an environment in which pressures and events forge unusual combinations of people. The working environment is influenced by: 1) pressure; 2) inexperience of the workers; 3) perceptions; 4) working conditions; and 5) reactions of the worker to the disaster. Disaster workers are motivated by: 1) humanitarian concern; 2) happenstance; 3) excitement; 4) grief; 5) guilt; or/and 6) opportunism. Group dynamics include the formation and function of the “disaster community” and inter-organizational relationships. The disaster community evolves around the spontaneous appearance of natural leaders, but eventually, these leaders and the disaster community are replaced by more formal organizations that are part of the relief operations and that rarely include the disaster community. In the longer term, as reconstruction begins, the organizational structure becomes more professional. Each of these phases provokes different group dynamics that must be considered by the disaster managers. Such implications are outlined in the discussion.
A Virtual Reality Patient Simulation System for Teaching Emergency Response Skills to U.S. Navy Medical Providers
Authors: Freeman Karen M. , Thompson Scott F. , Allely Eric B. , Sobel Annette L. , Stansfield Sharon A. , Pugh William M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRapid and effective medical intervention in response to civil and military-related disasters is crucial for saving lives and limiting long-term disability. Inexperienced providers may suffer in performance when faced with limited supplies and the demands of stabilizing casualties not generally encountered in the comparatively resource-rich hospital setting. Head trauma and multiple injury cases are particularly complex to diagnose and treat, requiring the integration and processing of complex multimodal data. In this project, collaborators adapted and merged existing technologies to produce a flexible, modular patient simulation system with both three-dimensional virtual reality and two-dimensional flat screen user interfaces for teaching cognitive assessment and treatment skills. This experiential, problem-based training approach engages the user in a stress-filled, high fidelity world, providing multiple learning opportunities within a compressed period of time and without risk. The system simulates both the dynamic state of the patient and the results of user intervention, enabling trainees to watch the virtual patient deteriorate or stabilize as a result of their decision-making speed and accuracy. Systems can be deployed to the field enabling trainees to practice repeatedly until their skills are mastered and to maintain those skills once acquired. This paper describes the technologies and the process used to develop the trainers, the clinical algorithms, and the incorporation of teaching points. We also characterize aspects of the actual simulation exercise through the lens of the trainee.
A Comparison of Rural and Urban Emergency Medical System (EMS) Personnel: A Texas Study
Authors: Chng Chwee Lye , Collins John , Eaddy Starr 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroduction:In treating accident victims, actions by the Emergency Medical Personnel (EMP) at the scene may be the difference between life or death, full recovery or permanent disability. Development of selected profiles based on locale of services, tenure, and paramedic certification will provide valuable insight into the diversity within the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) profession. Not only will these profiles enable administrators to improve their recruitment, training, and retention of the emergency medical workforce, it potentially could enhance the quality of health care in the community.Population:Emergency medical personnel attending a statewide conference in Texas in late 1996 (n = 425).Hypotheses:1) There is no difference between the profiles of urban and rural emergency medical personnel; 2) There is no difference between the profiles of urban EMP with <9 years of experience and those with ≥9 years of experience; 3) There is no difference between the profiles of rural EMP with <9 years of experience and those with ≥9 years of experience. 4) There is no difference between the profiles of urban EMP with paramedic certification and those without certification; and 5) There is no difference between the profiles of rural EMP with paramedic certification and those without certification.Methods:EMP attending the conference completed 425 survey instruments measuring five demographic features, five work-related features, and two psychological features. Survey instruments were included in each registrant's conference package. Completed surveys were deposited anonymously in labeled receptacles throughout the statewide conference site. Data collection ceased at the end of the conference. Discriminant analysis identified distinct profiles for the urban and rural EMP.Results:The urban EMP, more than rural subjects, was younger (mean = 36 years), more likely to be compensated 100% for their services, had a higher level of education (mean = 13.8 years), and reported a lower level of burnout. Urban EMP with <9 years of experience tended to be younger, male, married, and reported less burnout. Urban paramedics were more likely to be compensated 100% for their services, and had achieved a higher level of education. The rural EMP with <9 years of experience were less likely to be paramedic, reported lower burnout scores, and was younger. The rural EMP without paramedic certification was more likely to be a volunteer, and have had fewer years of service.Conclusions:In Texas, locale of service (urban or rural), length of tenure as an EMP (>9 years), and paramedic certification appear to be significant factors that define the EMP population in Texas.
Saliva Alcohol Reagent Strips in Altered Response Protocols
Authors: Harpe Keith G. , Yealy Donald M. , Heller Michael B. , Kaplan Richard M. , Fochtman Fred W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe prehospital care provider has been limited in his or her initial assessment of patients due to having available only a limited number of simple diagnostic tests. There has not been an accurate field test available to rule out significant ethanol intoxication. We designed a prospective trial for the prehospital setting to test the utility of a rapid, semi-quantitative, saliva alcohol reagent strip for patients with an altered level of consciousness. We found that these strips were useful in ruling out significant ethanol intoxication as a cause of an altered level of consciousness with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 94.4%, but were not useful in accurately predicting the blood alcohol level. We conclude that these reagent strips are useful in the prehospital setting to provide information about patients with an altered level of consciousness.
The Need for a Prehospital DNR System
Authors: Crimmins T. J. 
Published: July 2016

Initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation when the death is the result of an end-stage, irreversible, and imminently terminal illness against the patient's prior request is immoral and indefensible. Medical providers should withhold treatments that are futile, and individuals have the right to refuse this invasive therapy.The use of Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) orders has become a standard of medical care in health care institutions and should be incorporated into the prehospital medical care system. The American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) supports their use, and the National Association of Emergency Medical Services Physicians (NAEMSP) has developed a consensus paper endorsing the use of prehospital DNR orders. The Joint Commision on the Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH) recommends the use of DNR orders and the American Heart Association (AHA), in Standards and Guidelines for Advanced Cardiac Life Support, recognizes their validity. It is time for EMS systems to develop and implement policies and procedures, with adequate safeguards, to allow the withholding of CPR in specific circumstances. The claim that DNR orders cannot be honored in the prehospital setting is a self-fulfilling prophecy. If an emergency medical services (EMS) system lacks strong medical leadership or believes that a prehospital DNR system cannot work–a communitywide DNR program never will come into existence. Dying patients will continue to suffer the indignity and burden of unnecessary and futile treatments that serve no benefit to the patient and only serve to alienate and anger the family members.
Evaluation of Preparedness and Response to Hurricanes Georges and Mitch: Conclusions and Recommendations
Authors:   16-19 February 1999, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization
Published: July 2016

Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, first let me thank you for coming to this meeting that has been organized by us in close collaboration with UYDP, OCHA, UNIGEF and IDNOR with generous support from the Canadian, UK, and USA development agencies. It always is a pleasure to recognize our partners.We have with us here today representatives of a large number of agencies, institutions, NGOs, and private individuals. This cross section of interests is a manifestation of a growing and irreversible trend. The important issues of our time cannot be dealt with solely by nations, agencies, or individuals, even the most powerful ones. The phenomenon of globalization no longer is restricted to economic or financial matters: it is now evoking the wide participation of ranges and numbers of actors that would have been unthinkable a few decades ago. In almost all aspects of our work, we are looking to find the partners and interests that can bring value to the management of the issue or the search for solutions, if definitive solutions ever can be found to the really important human challenges.
Current Extent of Disasters in Africa
Authors: Nur Idris M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe people oFf Africa are exposed to a wide range of disasters that seriously have aggravated the Continent's economic situation. Economic losses and human sufferings from drought, desertification, locust infestation, infectious diseases, epidemics, and armed conflicts are the dominant disasters that the people in the African countries face, and they have rendered the population utterly vulnerable. Disasters have aggravated Africa's economic situation. The cumulative effect of disasters include loss of property, injury, death, mounting food import bills, health hazards, environmental degradation, backward economic development, displaced people, refugees, and nutritional deficiency.Today, 175 million Africans out of a total population of 744 million people (23.5%) are suffering from chronic hunger; this is an increase of 50% from 25years ago. In many African countries, up to half of the population suffers from absolute poverty. It is projected that Africa will be the only Continent to continue with the current level of poverty for another decade.
Development of an Equipment and Supply List for Emergency Medical Services Delivery at an Annual Air Show
Authors: Sullivan Francis M. , Kleinman Gary , Suner Selim , St.Jean Jack 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroduction:Reports of medical care at mass gatherings reflect variability in mission and delivery models. Equipment recommendations are similarly varied. Thoughtful pre-planning and experience-based analysis are the best mechanisms for defining general and specific equipment recommendations.Objective:This report presents a suggested supply and equipment list developed over a six-year period of medical coverage at an air show, with an emphasis on the usage and cost of expendable supplies.Methods:The authors were involved in the planning for and execution of emergency medical care for a large, local, military air show on an annual basis, including provision of expendable medical supplies. A list of such supplies was developed over the initial two to three years, formalized and refined over the subsequent two years, and analyzed in the final, highest patient volume year of coverage. Detailed usage and cost was tracked over the final year for expendable supplies.Results:The results of this analysis indicate that comprehensive emergency medical care from first aid to mass casualty care can be offered at reasonable equipment and supply costs, if existing equipment resources can be supplemented by expendable supplies from a pre-determined list. Given the need for large quantities of supplies for a mass casualty contingency and the low likelihood of occurrence, a loan arrangement with a supplier, with return of unused supplies, is particularly convenient and economical. The approach used in this study should be appreciable in other similar settings. In concurrent scheduled events, the iterative process described can lead to greater specificity of needs for expendable supplies.