bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hunting exacerbates the response to human disturbance in large herbivores while migrating through a road network
Authors: Paton Dale G. , Ciuti Simone , Quinn Michael , Boyce Mark S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMigrations of large ungulates are globally threatened in environments affected by increasing human disturbance, rising large carnivore predation, deteriorating habitat quality, and changing climate. Animals migrating outside of protected areas can be exposed to greater human pressure, and this effect can be stronger when humans are perceived to be a predation risk, such as during hunting seasons. Using four consecutive years of satellite telemetry data (n = 138 migration events), we compared habitat selection, movement, and behavior of a large partially migratory herbivore while migrating through a heterogeneous landscape in spring and fall. We tested the hypothesis that fall hunting exacerbates the response of a large herbivore exposed to human disturbance while migrating through a road network. All elk (Cervus elaphus) selected greater forest cover, reduced movement rates, and avoided roads during fall‐day than in any other season or time of day. Avoidance of roads was reduced during spring at night, for example, the time period of no hunting with fewest people on roads. Elk using stopovers in fall displayed different seasonal and diurnal behaviors between sexes in response to the disturbance. Females used steeper terrain during fall‐day and males did not use this strategy in fall. Male avoidance of roads was much stronger than females during fall‐day and males were less likely to cross a road during fall. Such responses are probably linked to higher hunting pressure on males vs. females. Finally, we found that elk spent more time feeding during spring migration compared to the fall migration and elk vigilance was >3 times higher in the fall hunting season. Our results provide insights into the effect of fear of humans on the ecology of both sexes of a migrating large herbivore when using stopovers. Such changes in behavior and stopover use might affect animal fitness by decreasing foraging, cause displacement from high‐quality habitats, or affect the permeability of migration route stopovers.
Daily Peak Load Forecasting by Taguchi's T Method
Authors: NEGISHI SHINTARO , MORIMOTO YUSUKE , TAKAYAMA SATOSHI , ISHIGAME ATSUSHI 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYIn this paper, a new technique of daily peak load forecasting is proposed. At first, we propose nonlinear correction T method as improvement technique of T method that is one of the multivariate analysis techniques, called Mahalanobis–Taguchi (MT) system, suggested in Quality Control. Moreover, we examine the daily peak load forecasting technique, which is based on data in the last year on a forecasting day, by T method and nonlinear correction T method. Furthermore, we examine the technique, which is based on the data of most recent several weeks of a forecasting day, by the T method and Nonlinear correction T method. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing the multiple regression analysis is discussed.
Autonomous Decentralized Voltage Profile Control Method Using Communication Function of Smart Meters in Distribution Systems
Authors: OMORI TOMOKI , KOIDE AKIRA , TSUJI TAKAO , OYAMA TSUTOMU 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYThe introduction of renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaics or wind turbines, has been greatly promoted recently in order to improve the energy and environmental issues. In distribution systems with a large number of distributed generators, voltage profile management becomes one of serious problems due to the reverse power flow. Usual PCS (Power Conditioning System) reduces their active power output if they detect the voltage violation from the upper limit in order to get the voltage profile back to the proper range. However, since the magnitude of voltage fluctuation at the nodes with PCSs are different each other, there is a possibility that the amount of the curtailment are not the same among them. Hence, in this paper, we developed a new method which can solve the problem by using information exchange between PCSs using communication function of smart meters supposing the communication among them is available every 30 min. The proposed method was tested in 38‐node model system and its effectiveness was shown.
A Five‐Element Multiplex Resonant Full‐Bridge DC‐DC Converter with a Variable Inductive Reactance
Authors: MISHIMA TOMOKAZU , MIZUTANI HIROTO , NAKAOKA MUTSUO 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYA five‐element multiplex resonant (LLCLC) full‐bridge DC‐DC converter controlled by pulse frequency modulation (PFM) is proposed in this paper. The high frequency (HF)‐link resonant DC‐DC converter proposed herein can perform wide‐range output power and voltage regulation with a narrow frequency range due to an antiresonant tank that works effectively as a wide‐range variable inductor. The advantageous characteristics of the antiresonant tank provide overcurrent protection in the case of the short‐circuited load condition as well as in the startup interval. Thus, the technical challenges of a conventional LLC DC‐DC converter can be overcome, and the reliability of the relevant switch‐mode power supplies can be improved. The operating principle of the LLCLC DC‐DC converter is described, after which its performance is evaluated in an experimental setup based on the 2.5 kW prototype. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed DC‐DC converter is discussed from a practical point of view.
Efficient microwave‐assisted synthesis of glycerol monodecanoate
Authors: Mhanna Ali , Chupin Lucie , Brachais Claire‐Hélène , Chaumont Denis , Boni Gilles , Brachais Laurent , Couvercelle Jean‐Pierre , Lecamp Laurence , Plasseraud Laurent 
Published: June 2017

Solvent‐free microwave‐assisted synthesis was carried out to prepare 2,3‐dihydroxypropyl decanoate, by esterification of decanoic acid in the presence of two distinct glycerol derivatives, glycidol, and glycerol carbonate, respectively. The process described is based on microwaves heating source with electrical power in the range of 200–400 W, involving stoichiometric proportions of decanoic acid and glycerol derivatives, and using catalytic amounts of TBAI used as organocatalyst. Conversion and selectivity rates of esterification reactions were monitored by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The predominantly formed ester, 2,3‐dihydroxypropyl decanoate was fully characterized by infrared and NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Compared with the classical heating procedures, and whatever the glycerol derivatives used, total conversions were obtained with considerably reduced reaction times. Thus, under 300 W, esterification requires only 1 min exposure from glycidol and 5 min from glycerol carbonate. The use of heating with conventional oil bath conditions needs residence times of more than 1 h (even 24 h in the case of glycerol carbonate). The microwave‐assisted synthesis also notably enhances the selectivity in 2,3‐dihydroxypropyl decanoate (at 300 W, 90, and 50%, respectively), reinforcing the efficiency and the interest of the method.Practical applications: The results establish that microwave heating is well suited for the solvent‐free synthesis of glycerol monodecanoate from decanoic acid and two glycerol derivatives, glycidol, and glycerol carbonate. Reaction times are drastically reduced, and in both cases, marked improvements of the conversion and selectivity are recorded. The target α‐monoglyceride, 2,3‐dihydroxypropyl decanoate, has various potential applications such as antimicrobial properties, bacterial inhibitory activity, or denture disinfectant.Solvent‐free microwave heating conditions are applied to the synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroxypropyl decanoate by esterification of decanoic acid in the presence of two glycerol derivatives, glycidol, and glycerol carbonate. In both cases, conversion and selectivity gains, as well as notable reductions of reaction times are record.
Interface‐fitted moving mesh method for axisymmetric two‐phase flow in microchannels
Authors: Gros Erik , Anjos Gustavo R. , Thome John R. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryA boundary‐fitted moving mesh scheme is presented for the simulation of two‐phase flow in two‐dimensional and axisymmetric geometries. The incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations are solved using the finite element method, and the mini element is used to satisfy the inf‐sup condition. The interface between the phases is represented explicitly by an interface adapted mesh, thus allowing a sharp transition of the fluid properties. Surface tension is modelled as a volume force and is discretized in a consistent manner, thus allowing to obtain exact equilibrium (up to rounding errors) with the pressure gradient. This is demonstrated for a spherical droplet moving in a constant flow field. The curvature of the interface, required for the surface tension term, is efficiently computed with simple but very accurate geometric formulas. An adaptive moving mesh technique, where smoothing mesh velocities and remeshing are used to preserve the mesh quality, is developed and presented. Mesh refinement strategies, allowing tailoring of the refinement of the computational mesh, are also discussed. Accuracy and robustness of the present method are demonstrated on several validation test cases. The method is developed with the prospect of being applied to microfluidic flows and the simulation of microchannel evaporators used for electronics cooling. Therefore, the simulation results for the flow of a bubble in a microchannel are presented and compared to experimental data.
Integrative eQTL analysis of tumor and host omics data in individuals with bladder cancer
Authors: Pineda Silvia , Van Steen Kristel , Malats Núria 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIntegrative analyses of several omics data are emerging. The data are usually generated from the same source material (i.e., tumor sample) representing one level of regulation. However, integrating different regulatory levels (i.e., blood) with those from tumor may also reveal important knowledge about the human genetic architecture. To model this multilevel structure, an integrative‐expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis applying two‐stage regression (2SR) was proposed. This approach first regressed tumor gene expression levels with tumor markers and the adjusted residuals from the previous model were then regressed with the germline genotypes measured in blood. Previously, we demonstrated that penalized regression methods in combination with a permutation‐based MaxT method (Global‐LASSO) is a promising tool to fix some of the challenges that high‐throughput omics data analysis imposes. Here, we assessed whether Global‐LASSO can also be applied when tumor and blood omics data are integrated. We further compared our strategy with two 2SR‐approaches, one using multiple linear regression (2SR‐MLR) and other using LASSO (2SR‐LASSO). We applied the three models to integrate genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic data from tumor tissue with blood germline genotypes from 181 individuals with bladder cancer included in the TCGA Consortium. Global‐LASSO provided a larger list of eQTLs than the 2SR methods, identified a previously reported eQTLs in prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), and provided further clues on the complexity of APBEC3B loci, with a minimal false‐positive rate not achieved by 2SR‐MLR. It also represents an important contribution for omics integrative analysis because it is easy to apply and adaptable to any type of data.
A retrospective analysis of the symptoms and course of dengue infection during pregnancy
Authors: Agarwal Kavita , Malik Sunita , Mittal Pratima 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess outcomes among pregnant women diagnosed with dengue infection.MethodsIn a retrospective study, the medical records of all pregnant women with dengue infection admitted to Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India, from July to December 2015 were reviewed. Maternal and fetal outcomes were compared by pregnancy length and stage of disease at diagnosis.ResultsOverall, 62 pregnant women with dengue infection were identified. Of these, 56 (90%) tested negative for nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen, indicating a later stage of disease. Maternal near miss and mortality were significantly more common among women with DHF or DSS than among those with dengue fever (P<0.001). Spontaneous abortion occurred for four of six women diagnosed in the first trimester, and one of two women diagnosed in the second trimester. Among 22 women diagnosed at 26–36+6 weeks, 9 (41%) delivered preterm. There was one case of stillbirth at 37 weeks and no cases of neonatal death.ConclusionWomen diagnosed with dengue fever had far better outcomes than did those with DHF or DSS.
The penetration and phenotype modulation of smooth muscle cells on surface heparin modified poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) vascular scaffold
Authors: Cao Jie , Geng Xue , Wen Juan , Li Qingxuan , Ye Lin , Zhang Aiying , Feng Zengguo , Guo Lianrui , Gu Yongquan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe tubular porous poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold was fabricated by electrospinning. After then, the scaffold's surface was firstly eroded by hexyldiamine to endow amine group, and heparin was covalently grafted to the surface to get surface heparin modified scaffold (ShPCL scaffold). It was found that ShPCL scaffold can induce smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to penetrate the scaffold surface, while the SMCs cannot penetrate the surface of PCL scaffold. Subsequently, the rabbit SMCs were seeded on the ShPCL scaffold and cultured for 14 days. It was found the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin in ShPCL scaffold maintained much higher level than that in culture plate, which implied the SMC differentiation in ShPCL scaffold. Furthermore, the immunefluorescence staining of the cross‐sections of ShPCL scaffold exhibited the expression of calponin in ShPCL scaffold can be detected after 7 and 14 days, whereas the expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain can also be detected at 14 days. These results proved that penetrated SMCs preferably differentiated in to contractile phenotype. The successful SMC penetration and the contractile phenotype expression implied ShPCL scaffold is a suitable candidate for regenerating smooth muscle layer in vascular tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2806–2815, 2017.
Winery wastewater treatment by integrating Fenton's process with biofiltration by Corbicula fluminea
Authors: Ferreira Rita , Gomes João , Martins Rui C , Costa Raquel , Quinta‐Ferreira Rosa M 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDCorbicula fluminea is an invasive freshwater clam with strong environmental and economic impact. Management of this pest should include its application, thus biofiltration by C. fluminea was successfully tested for the treatment of winery wastewater. Fenton's process was used in order to reduce the initial effluent toxicity.RESULTSClam mortality was observed to significantly decrease when exposed to Fenton‐treated samples compared with untreated wastewater. Although COD depletion by oxidation was strongly affected by the reactant concentration applied, the toxicity of the output effluent did not change markedly even when higher iron and hydrogen peroxide loads were used. Biofiltration led to COD abatements near 100% both when applied to raw and Fenton‐treated effluents. However, for the raw effluent significant COD removal occurred only after an initial period where the organic load remained unchanged.CONCLUSIONIt seems advisable to integrate biofiltration with Fenton's peroxidation as a pre‐treatment. The results discussed here support the integration of C. fluminea in wastewater treatment as a potential contribution to pest management. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Gas‐phase dissociation study of erythrinian alkaloids by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and computational methods
Authors: Guaratini T. , Feitosa L. G. P. , Silva D. B. , Lopes N. P. , Lopes J. L. C. , Vessecchi R. 
Published: June 2017

Alkaloids from plants of the genus Erythrina display important biological activities, including anxiolytic action. Characterization of these alkaloids by mass spectrometry (MS) has contributed to the construction of a spectral library, has improved understanding of their structures and has supported the proposal of fragmentation mechanisms in light of density functional calculations. In this study, we have used low‐resolution and high‐resolution MSn analyses to investigate the fragmentation patterns of erythrinian alkaloids; we have employed the B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p) model to obtain their reactive sites. To suggest the fragmentation mechanism of these alkaloids, we have studied their protonation sites by density functional calculation, and we have obtained their molecular electrostatic potential map and their gas‐phase basicity values. These analyses have indicated the most basic sites on the basis of the proton affinities of the nitrogen and oxygen atoms.The protonated molecules were generated by two major fragmentations, namely, neutral loss of CH3OH followed by elimination of H2O. High‐resolution analysis confirmed elimination of NH3 by comparison with the losses of H2 and •CH3. NH3 was eliminated from compounds that did not bear a substituent on ring C. The benzylic carbocation initiated the dissociation mechanism, and the first reaction involved charge transfer from a lone pair of electrons in the oxygen atoms. The second reaction consisted of ring contraction with loss of a CO molecule. The presence of hydroxy and epoxy groups could change the intensity or the occurrence of the fragmentation pathways. Given that erythrinian alkaloids are applied in therapeutics and are promising leads for the development of new drugs, the present results could aid identification of several analogues of these alkaloids in biological samples and advance pharmacokinetic studies of new plant derivatives based on MSn and MS/MS analyses. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical gas sensors using chiral nematic liquid crystals and its applications
Authors: Kek Khai Jun , Lee Jovia Jia Zhen , Otono Yuki , Ishihara Shoichi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper clarifies the relationship between the molecular structures of chiral nematic liquid crystals and the shift in their reflection spectrum resulting from contact with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We also propose a mechanism to explain the red‐ or blue‐shift in the peak wavelength upon contact with VOC vapor. Furthermore, enhancement of the sensitivity of this method of VOC detection is discussed.
Predictive factors for short‐ and long‐term hearing preservation in cochlear implantation with conventional‐length electrodes
Authors: Wanna George B. , O'Connell Brendan P. , Francis David O. , Gifford Rene H. , Hunter Jacob B. , Holder Jourdan T. , Bennett Marc L. , Rivas Alejandro , Labadie Robert F. , Haynes David S. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives/HypothesisThe aims of this study were to investigate short‐ and long‐term rates of hearing preservation after cochlear implantation and identify factors that impact hearing preservation.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsPatients undergoing cochlear implantation with conventional‐length electrodes and air‐conduction thresholds ≤80 dB HL at 250 Hz preoperatively were included. Hearing preservation was defined as air‐conduction thresholds ≤80 dB HL at 250 Hz.ResultsThe sample included 196 patients (225 implants). Overall, the rate of short‐term hearing preservation was 38% (84/225), with 18% (33/188) of patients preserving hearing long term. Multivariate analysis showed better preoperative hearing was predictive of hearing preservation at short (odds ratio [OR]: 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91‐0.95, P < .001) and long‐term follow‐up (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91‐0.97, P < .001). Lateral wall electrodes and mid‐scala electrodes had 3.4 (95% CI: 1.4‐8.6, P = .009) and 5.6‐times (95% CI: 1.8‐17.3, P = .003) higher odds of hearing preservation than perimodiolar arrays at short‐term follow‐up, respectively. Long‐term data revealed better hearing preservation for lateral wall (OR: 7.6, 95% CI: 1.6‐36.1, P = .01), but not mid‐scala (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 0.4‐23.1, P = .28), when compared to perimodiolar electrodes. Round window/extended round window (RW/ERW) approaches were associated with higher rates of long‐term hearing preservation (21%) than cochleostomy approaches (0%) (P = 0.002) on univariate analysis.ConclusionsBetter preoperative residual hearing, lateral wall electrodes, and RW/ERW approaches are predictive of higher rates of long‐term functional hearing preservation.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:482–489, 2018
How have recent temperature changes affected the efficiency of ocean biological carbon export?
Authors: Cael B. B. , Bisson Kelsey , Follows Michael J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe ocean's large, microbially mediated reservoirs of carbon are intimately connected with atmospheric CO2 and climate, yet quantifying the feedbacks between them remains an unresolved challenge. Through an idealized mechanistic model, we consider the impact of documented climate change during the past few decades on the efficiency of biological carbon export out of the surface ocean. This model is grounded in universal metabolic phenomena, describing export efficiency's temperature dependence in terms of the differential temperature sensitivity of phototrophic and heterotrophic metabolism. Temperature changes are suggested to have caused a statistically significant decrease in export efficiency of 1.5% ± 0.4% over the past 33 yr. Larger changes are suggested in the midlatitudes and Arctic. This interpretation is robust across multiple sea surface temperature and net primary production data products. The same metabolic mechanism may have resulted in much larger changes e.g., in response to the large temperature shifts between glacial and interglacial time periods.
Quantifying nitrogen assimilation rates of individual phytoplankton species and plankton groups during harmful algal blooms via sorting flow cytometry
Authors: Kang Yoonja , Kudela Raphael M. , Gobler Christopher J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhile 15N‐labeled nitrogen (N) compounds have been used to quantify N uptake rates by plankton communities for decades, accurately ascribing those rates to individual populations or species has been a challenge. Here, we apply sorting flow cytometry combined with species‐specific immuno‐detection of a harmful alga, Aureococcus anophagefferens, to contrast the nutritional ecology of this alga with co‐occurring picoplankton (picoeukaryotes, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria) during brown tides. The method was iteratively refined to yield close agreement (85–101%) between plankton community 15N uptake quantified via traditional filtration and this novel sorting method. Sorting of plankton revealed that the δ15N values of A. anophagefferens and phycocyanin‐containing cyanobacteria were more enriched (∼ 10‰) than the values of other picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic bacteria that decreased to < 0‰ after A. anophagefferens abundance declined, suggesting that these plankton utilized isotopically lighter nitrogen sources (e.g., recycled nutrients or fertilizer). A. anophagefferens utilized multiple forms of nitrogen (e.g., nitrate, ammonium, urea) during blooms and their uptake rates of ammonium and urea were highest during blooms. However, A. anophagefferens urea uptake rates on a per cell basis were fivefold faster than all other groups, affirming the nutritionally strategic uptake of urea to fuel brown tides. This study presents a novel approach to successfully sort a single algal species from a plankton community for the purpose of assessing nitrogen uptake and highlights a promising and powerful approach for investigating and contrasting the nutritional ecology of bloom‐causing species and co‐occurring plankton populations during harmful algal blooms.