bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industrial Wastes and By‐products as Alternative Fuels in Cement Plants: Evaluation of an Industrial Symbiosis Option
Authors: Tsiliyannis Christos Aristeides 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA ravenous fuel consumer, the cement industry may substitute fossil fuels by industrial wastes and by‐products, identifying the industry as a key example of industrial symbiosis (IS). Benefits from industrial waste alternative fuels (IWAFs) include safe disposal, fossil fuel cost savings, gate fees, and greenhouse gas credits. Poor IWAFs, (high moisture, ash and halogen content) bring higher gate fees, but lessen clinker production. Thermal rating and blower capacity constraints should be satisfied in such a case study of IS. Cement plants must comply with potentially tighter emission limits, compared to fossil fuel utilization, despite higher pollutant precursors in IWAFs. Emissions’ compliance, operational, and production implications are a few among several challenges when assessing multiple IWAF valorization as a symbiotic option from a systems’ perspective. A novel method is proposed to quantitatively assess critical trade‐offs. Species and energy transformations convey a rigorous picture of clinker level, kiln flue gas, and offgas volumes and lay the groundwork for screening, a priori selection, and process tuning. Necessary and sufficient compliance conditions and safety margins are presented in terms of process parameters and actual emissions’ data. Main challenges posed by high flue gas, high offgas volumes, high moisture, low heating value, increased nitrogen oxides emissions, and high halogen and metal content are quantified. As demonstrated in a case study of an actual 1.5 × 106 tonnes per annum clinker plant in this paper, concurrent use of several IWAFs may increase clinker production, while satisfying operational constraints and maintaining compliance. The method may serve for devising IWAF preparation, or tuning mechanisms expanding IWAF valorization.
On public opinion polls and voters' turnout
Authors: Klor Esteban F. , Winter Eyal 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper studies the effects that the revelation of information on the electorate's preferences has on voters' turnout. The experimental data show that closeness in the division of preferences induces a significant increase in turnout. Moreover, for closely divided electorates (and only for these electorates), the provision of information significantly raises the participation of subjects supporting the slightly larger team relative to the smaller team. We show that the heterogeneous effect of information on the participation of subjects in different teams is driven by the subjects' (incorrect) beliefs of casting a pivotal vote. Simply put, subjects overestimate the probability of casting a pivotal vote when they belong to the team with a slight majority, and choose the strategy that maximizes their utility based on their inflated probability assessment. Empirical evidence on gubernatorial elections in the United States between 1990 and 2005 is consistent with our main experimental result. Namely, we observe that the difference in the actual vote tally between the party leading according to the polls and the other party is larger than the one predicted by the polls only in closely divided electorates. We provide a behavioral model that explains the main findings of our experimental and empirical analyses.
Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Horses is Associated with Airway Hyperreactivity
Authors: Lanz S. , Brunner A. , Graubner C. , Marti E. , Gerber V. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundGenetic and epidemiologic evidence suggests that in horses, as in other species, different manifestations of hypersensitivity may occur together.HypothesisHorses affected with insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) show airway hyperreactivity (AH) to inhaled histamine, even in the absence of overt clinical signs of equine asthma (EA).AnimalsTwenty‐two healthy controls (group C), 24 horses suffering fromIBHalone (groupIBH), and 23 horses suffering fromIBHandEA(groupIBH/EA).MethodsThe clinical histories were assessed using 2 standardized questionnaires, the Horse Owner Assessed Respiratory Signs Index (HOARSI), andIBHscoring. Horses were classified asEA‐affected if theirHOARSIwas >1 and asIBH‐affected ifIBHscore was >0. Confounding disorders were excluded by clinical examination. The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) was measured and flowmetric plethysmography used to assess airway reactivity to increasing doses of inhaled histamine.ResultsThe median histamine provocation concentration (PC) when ∆flowvalues increased by 35% (PC35) was significantly higher in group C (5.94 [1.11–26.33] mg/mL) compared to groupIBH(2.95 [0.23–10.13] mg/mL) and groupIBH/EA(2.03 [0.43–10.94] mg/mL;P < 0.01). ThePC50 andPC75 showed very similar differences between groups. Furthermore, PaO2was significantly lower in groupIBH(84 ± 8 mmHg) and groupIBH/EA(78 ± 11 mmHg) compared to group C (89 ± 6 mmHg;P < 0.01).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIBHis associated withAHand decreased PaO2, even in the absence of overt respiratory clinical signs.
Effects of Oral Prednisone Administration on Serum Cystatin C in Dogs
Authors: Muñoz J. , Soblechero P. , Duque F.J. , Macías‐García B. , Ruiz P. , Zaragoza C. , Barrera R. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundOral administration of glucocorticoid alters serum cystatin C (sCysC) concentration in humans.ObjectiveTo determine if oral administration of prednisone alters sCysC in dogs without pre‐existing renal disease.AnimalsForty six dogs were included: 10 dogs diagnosed with steroid responsive meningitis arteritis (SRMA; group A), 20 dogs diagnosed of pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH; group B), and 16 healthy control dogs (group C).MethodsRetrospective observational study. SRMA diagnosed dogs were administered prednisone 4 mg/kg/24 h PO 7 days, reducing the dose to 2 mg/kg/24 h 7 days before medication withdrawal. In group A, sampling was performed at days 0, 7, 14 and a final control at day 21. Blood and urine samples were collected in the 3 groups, and in group A, sampling was performed at all time points (days 1, 7, 14, and 21).ResultsIn group A, sCysC was significantly higher at day 7 compared to the control group (0.4 ± 0.04 mg/L vs. 0.18 ± 0.03 mg/L mean ± SEM respectively P < 0.01); sCysC values decreased to basal at day 14 when the dose was decreased and after 1 week of withdrawal of prednisone (0.27 ± 0.03 mg/L for group A at day 14 and 0.15 ± 0.02 mg/L at day 21; P > 0.05). Dogs with PDH included in group B did not have significant differences in sCysC (0.22 ± 0.03 mg/L) compared to control (P > 0.05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOral administration of prednisone unlike altered endogenous glucocorticoid production, increases sCysC in dogs in a dose‐dependent fashion.
Are diversity trends in western Scandinavia influenced by post‐glacial dispersal limitation?
Authors: Felde Vivian A. , Grytnes John‐Arvid , Bjune Anne E. , Peglar Sylvia M. , Birks H. John B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the latitudinal diversity patterns in Scandinavia over the last 8 ka? Have they been consistent over time? What are the long‐term diversity trends at different sites? Is there a consistent rate‐of‐change between sites?LocationThirty sites in Norway, two sites in north‐west Sweden.MethodsPollen data from these 32 lakes. The sites lie within six of the vegetation zones of Moen (1998). The data are used to estimate pollen diversity using Hill′s effective species numbers N0, N1 and N2. Diversity relationships in time and along latitude are assessed using ANCOVA. Linear regression is used to investigate site‐independent long‐term trends. Patterns in the regression slopes are investigated between vegetation zones and along the latitudinal gradient.ResultsThe latitudinal pattern of decreasing diversity with increasing latitude existed over the last 8 ka, although for the number of effectively common (N1) and abundant (N2) pollen taxa the relationship was slightly weaker between 8–6 ka. Long‐term trends show that diversity increases at most sites over time. However, the magnitude and rate‐of‐change vary between sites. Highest rate‐of‐change in N0 over time is observed in southern sites, although the spatial relationship of rate‐of‐change is not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe constant increase in diversity over time may reflect additional taxa arriving and changes in abundances. Most sites change in the same direction, but at different rates and magnitudes. There is no clear spatial pattern in rate‐of‐change, and the general patterns of increasing diversity over time are consistent with the hypothesis of post‐glacial (Holocene) dispersal limitation. Drivers of these changes have not been rigorously investigated, but our results suggest that environmental and historical processes are not mutually exclusive. During the last 2–1 ka BP diversity patterns have probably been increasingly affected by human land use.
Indirect effects of an ecosystem engineer: how the Canadian beaver can drive the reproduction of saproxylic beetles
Authors: Mourant A. , Lecomte N. , Moreau G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEnvironmental rearrangements by ecosystem engineers influence food‐web characteristics by altering resource accessibility/availability in the newly created habitat. However, the paucity of empirical studies on this indirect interaction has hindered the integration of ecosystem engineering and food‐web theory. Here, we investigated the effect of the Canadian beaver Castor canadensis on the activity, realized fecundity and ecosystem functions provided by saproxylic beetles by quantifying beetle emergence holes on woody debris within the Kouchibouguac National Park, New Brunswick, Canada. We tested the hypothesis that perturbation induced by beaver activity enhances the activity and realized fecundity of saproxylic beetles by modifying their habitat and resource accessibility. We used 16 sites identified as beaver modified, each paired with a control site <500 m away. At each site, we quantified insect emergence holes on snags at increasing distances from the watercourse. Our results suggest that engineered habitat patches enhance the activity and reproduction of saproxylic beetle species, small emergence holes from Scolytinae being only observed in abundance on small trees located close to the watercourse and large emergence holes from Cerambycidae being one third more abundant throughout beaver‐modified sites. The complementary relationship between the Canadian beaver and saproxylic beetles demonstrates the potential for conservation measures encapsulating all of these organisms.
Failing to tell friend from foe: A comment on Wijn et al. (2017)
Authors: Meijer Ewout H. , Verschuere Bruno , Merckelbach Harald 
Published: September 2017

Behavioural observation programmes are becoming increasingly popular at transportation hubs, sporting events, and other large crowd gatherings. Premise of these programmes is that malicious intention can be accurately deduced from observable behaviour. In a recent article published in this journal, Wijn et al. (2017, Legal and Criminological Psychology, 22, 378–399.) conclude that environmental cues improve the correct detection of participants with malicious intent. This conclusion can and will be interpreted as support for behavioural observation programmes. In this comment, we argue that Wijn and colleagues draw a fundamentally wrong conclusion from their data. What their data show is that malicious intentions could not be detected in any of the conditions. Their findings can therefore not be conceptualized as evidence for behavioural observation programmes. Rather, they add to the growing critique voiced towards such programmes.
The Italian compassionate use of sofosbuvir in HCV patients waitlisted for liver transplantation: A national real‐life experience
Authors: Martini Silvia , Donato Maria Francesca , Mazzarelli Chiara , Rendina Maria , Visco‐Comandini Ubaldo , Filì Daniela , Gianstefani Alice , Fagiuoli Stefano , Melazzini Mario , Montilla Simona , Pani Luca , Petraglia Sandra , Russo Pierluigi , Trotta Maria Paola , Carrai Paola , Caraceni Paolo ,   the ITACOPS study group
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsThis study aimed to assess the real‐life clinical and virological outcomes of HCV waitlisted patients for liver transplantation (LT) who received sofosbuvir/ribavirin (SOF/R) within the Italian compassionate use program.MethodsClinical and virological data were collected in 224 patients with decompensated cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving daily SOF/R until LT or up a maximum of 48 weeks.ResultsOf 100 transplanted patients, 51 were HCV‐RNA negative for >4 weeks before LT (SVR12: 88%) and 49 negative for <4 weeks or still viraemic at transplant: 34 patients continued treatment after LT (bridging therapy) (SVR12: 88%), while 15 stopped treatment (SVR12: 53%). 98 patients completed SOF/R without LT (SVR12: 73%). In patients with advanced decompensated cirrhosis (basal MELD ≥15 and/or C‐P ≥B8), a marked improvement of the scores occurred in about 50% of cases and almost 20% of decompensated patients without HCC reached a condition suitable for inactivation and delisting.ConclusionsThese real‐life data indicate that in waitlisted patients: (i) bridging antiviral therapy can be an option for patients still viraemic or negative <4 weeks at LT; and (ii) clinical improvement to a condition suitable for delisting can occur even in patients with advanced decompensated cirrhosis.
Clinical evaluation of the newly formatted lateral‐flow device for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Hoenigl Martin , Eigl Susanne , Heldt Sven , Duettmann Wiebke , Thornton Christopher , Prattes Juergen 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe study evaluated the newly formatted Aspergillus‐specific lateral‐flow‐device (LFD), and compared its performance to the original prototype “old” LFD test using BALF samples from 28 patients (14 patients with probable/proven invasive pulmonary aspergillosis [IPA] and 14 patients with no evidence for IPA). A total of 10/14 (71%) of BALF samples from patients with probable/proven IPA resulted positive with the new LFD, including 8/9 with true‐positive and 2/5 with false‐negative results with the old LFD. All 14 samples from patients without IPA resulted negative with the new LFD; specificity of the new LFD was significantly improved compared to the old LFD.
MicroRNA‐326‐3p ameliorates high glucose and ox‐LDL‐IC‐ induced fibrotic injury in renal mesangial cells by targeting FcγRIII
Authors: Wang Yiting , Zhang Rui , Zhang Junlin , Liu Fang 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of the present study was to identify the regulatory relationship between miR‐326‐3p and FcγRIII, and to explore the involvement of miR‐326‐3p/FcγRIII/TGF‐β/Smad signalling pathway in fibrotic injury, which was induced by the high glucose (HG) and oxidized low density lipoprotein immune complex (ox‐LDL‐IC) in mouse glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs).MethodsDual‐luciferase reporter system and real time PCR (RT‐PCR) were used to identify FcγRIII as a target gene of miR‐326‐3p. Lentiviral transduction was used to construct different expression of miR‐326‐3p in GMCs, which were divided into three groups: miR‐326‐3p mimics group (miR‐326‐3p group), miR‐326‐3p inhibitor group (miR‐326‐3p‐inhibit group) and scramble control group (control group). Then, each group was stimulated by normal glucose (NG), HG, ox‐LDL‐IC and HG + ox‐LDL‐IC, respectively. RT‐PCR and western blot were used to measure the expressions of Col‐I, CTGF, α‐SMA, TGF‐β, Smad2/3 and pSmad2/3.ResultsFcγRIII was regulated negatively by miR‐326‐3p in GMCs under the condition of HG and ox‐LDL‐IC, which implied FcγRIII as a target gene of miR‐326‐3p. Furthermore, compared with normal glucose group, the expressions of Col‐I, CTGF, α‐SMA, TGF‐β and pSmad2/3 were higher under the condition of HG, ox‐LDL‐IC and HG + ox‐LDL‐IC (P < 0.05). In particular, miR‐326‐3p‐inhibit groups exhibited the most significant increase (P < 0.05), while miR‐326‐3p could attenuate the increase (P < 0.05).ConclusionFcγRIII was identified as a target gene of miR‐326‐3p. MiR‐326‐3p/FcγRIII/TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway was investigated to be involved in the pathophysiology of renal fibrosis of DKD.
Klossowski and His Simulacra
Authors: McGinnis Darin S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPierre Klossowski's (1905–2001) career in philosophy is a brief but significant intervention into the manner in which the connections between desire, identity, and meaning are thought. Although Klossowski's influence on much of what is called French “post‐structuralism” or “post‐modernism” is frequently noted, Klossowski's development of the motif of the simulacrum is rarely traced in its proper context. Through readings of the texts of the Marquis de Sade, Georges Bataille, and Friedrich Nietzsche, as well as his own ruminations on the polytheism of the ancient Roman cult of Diana, Klossowski constructs a critique not only of the identity of the self but also of the supposed unity of reason and rational signs. Klossowski's critique demonstrates how meaningful discourse is produced from the basis of incommunicable affects, which project images in consciousness that, only then, are able to take the form of iterable simulacra. Our “gregarious” discourse in language is, thus, formed only indirectly from the affects and acquires its supposed unity only as it fails to express those affects.
Job Flows, Worker Flows and Churning in South Africa
Authors: Kerr Andrew 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHow large are worker flows in a country where only 43% of the working age population are in employment? Rather surprisingly, the answer is that worker flows in South Africa are relatively large. In this paper, worker and job flows are estimated using anonymised IRP5 tax certificate data from the South African Revenue Service. The data used in this paper is from the 2011–2014 tax years and contains information on more than 12 million individuals and nearly 300,000 firms. The main finding of the paper is that worker flows are substantial, around 53% per year, or 58% when employers classified as engaged in “public administration” are excluded. One interpretation of this finding, as well as the patterns of separations and hires by firm growth rates, is that the labour market is not as rigid as had previously been thought. Worker flows are declining in firm size and in median earnings in the firm, they vary substantially by industry and are very low in the public sector. There is heterogeneity in worker experiences – while flows are high on average there are many workers that have very stable employment but those workers in the bottom quintile have worker flows more than three times those in the top quintile. Heterogeneity and persistence in worker flows and churning in firms are important – some firms have high levels of churning whilst others have much lower levels. Measurement error in the data about period employed from the IRP5 tax certificates is a concern but as far as can be ascertained this does not seem to be responsible for creating higher worker and job flows.
Objectivism, Hybridism, and Meaning in Life: Reply to Evers and van Smeden
Authors: Landau Iddo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn a recent article in this journal, Daan Evers and Gerlinde Emma van Smeden () defend Wolf's hybridism against objectivist counterexamples advanced by Metz, Smuts, and Bramble. They also offer their own new hybridism, which they take to be even less vulnerable to such counterexamples. In this paper, I argue that Evers and van Smeden's defense of their and Wolf's hybridizing from objectivist counterexamples is problematic and that they do not, in fact, succeed in meeting the challenge the objectivist counterexamples pose. Evers and van Smeden do not read the counterexamples charitably and, hence, are not coping with the strongest challenges the counterexamples have to offer. I conclude that Metz's, Smuts's and Bramble's objectivist counterexamples continue to pose serious challenges to hybridism, both in Wolf's and in Evers and van Smeden's versions.
Risk factors for football injuries in young players aged 7 to 12 years
Authors: Rössler R. , Junge A. , Chomiak J. , Němec K. , Dvorak J. , Lichtenstein E. , Faude O. 
Published: September 2017

Football (soccer) is very popular among children. Little is known about risk factors for football injuries in children. The aim was to analyze potential injury risk factors in 7‐ to 12‐year‐old players. We collected prospective data in Switzerland and the Czech Republic over two seasons. Coaches reported exposure of players (in hours), absence, and injury data via an Internet‐based registration system. We analyzed time‐to‐injury data with extended Cox models accounting for correlations on team‐ and intra‐person levels. We analyzed injury risk in relation to age, sex, playing position, preferred foot, and regarding age‐independent body height, body mass, and BMI. Further, we analyzed injury risk in relation to playing surface. In total, 6038 player seasons with 395 295 hours of football exposure were recorded and 417 injuries occurred. Injury risk increased by 46% (Hazard Ratio 1.46 [1.35; 1.58]; P < .001) per year of life. Left‐footed players had a higher injury risk (Hazard Ratio 1.53 [1.07; 2.19]; P = .02) for training injuries compared to right‐footed players. Injury risk was increased in age‐adjusted taller players (higher percentile rank). Higher match‐training ratios were associated with a lower risk of match injuries. Injury risk was increased on artificial turf (Rate Ratio 1.39 [1.12; 1.73]; P < .001) and lower during indoor sessions (Rate Ratio 0.68 [0.52; 0.88]; P < .001) compared to natural grass. Age is known as a risk factor in older players and was confirmed to be a risk factor in children's football. Playing surface and leg dominance have also been discussed previously as risk factors. Differences in injury risks in relation to sex should be investigated in the future.
Benefit ‘Myths’? The Accuracy and Inaccuracy of Public Beliefs about the Benefits System
Authors: Geiger Ben Baumberg 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThere is a widespread assumption by academics and commentators that negative public attitudes to the benefits system are due to ‘myths’ held by the British public. However, there is little research on whether the public believe these ‘myths’, nor critical scrutiny of benefit ‘truths’. This article therefore investigates what British people believe about the benefits system, and the extent to which these beliefs can be regarded as correct. To do this, we use 46 measures from 18 datasets (including British Social Attitudes, the European Social Survey, Eurobarometer, and surveys by YouGov and Ipsos MORI made available for academic study for the first time), and compare these perceptions to true figures obtained from a variety of sources. We find that – against expectations – there are some areas where the public are (on average) relatively accurate (e.g. the share of the population who currently claim out‐of‐work benefits). Yet overall, our evidence shows that the British public have low levels of understanding of the benefits system, primarily in ways that seem likely to undermine public support. People wildly overestimate unemployment benefits compared to pensions, the value of unemployment benefits, and misperceive trends in claims. While it is difficult to know the true level of benefit fraud exactly, the public overestimate fraud compared to any reasonable figure. We conclude by discussing the implications for both understanding and changing attitudes towards benefits.