bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale microfluidic gradient arrays reveal axon guidance behaviors in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Bhattacharjee Nirveek , Folch Albert 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHigh-throughput quantitative approaches to study axon growth behaviors have remained a challenge. We have developed a 1024-chamber microfluidic gradient generator array that enables large-scale investigations of axon guidance and growth dynamics from individual primary mammalian neurons, which are exposed to gradients of diffusible molecules. Our microfluidic method (a) generates statistically rich data sets, (b) produces a stable, reproducible gradient with negligible shear stresses on the culture surface, (c) is amenable to the long-term culture of primary neurons without any unconventional protocol, and (d) eliminates the confounding influence of cell-secreted factors. Using this platform, we demonstrate that hippocampal axon guidance in response to a netrin-1 gradient is concentration-dependent—attractive at higher concentrations and repulsive at lower concentrations. We also show that the turning of the growth cone depends on the angle of incidence of the gradient. Our study highlights the potential of microfluidic devices in producing large amounts of data from morphogen and chemokine gradients that play essential roles not only in axonal navigation but also in stem cell differentiation, cell migration, and immune response.
Hepatic p63 regulates steatosis via IKKβ/ER stress
Authors: Porteiro Begoña , Fondevila Marcos F. , Delgado Teresa C. , Iglesias Cristina , Imbernon Monica , Iruzubieta Paula , Crespo Javier , Zabala-Letona Amaia , Fernø Johan , González-Terán Bárbara , Matesanz Nuria , Hernández-Cosido Lourdes , Marcos Miguel , Tovar Sulay , Vidal Anxo , Sánchez-Ceinos Julia , Malagon Maria M. , Pombo Celia , Zalvide Juan , Carracedo Arkaitz , Buque Xabier , Dieguez Carlos , Sabio Guadalupe , López Miguel , Aspichueta Patricia , Martínez-Chantar María L. , Nogueiras Ruben 
Published: May 2017

Abstractp53 family members control several metabolic and cellular functions. The p53 ortholog p63 modulates cellular adaptations to stress and has a major role in cell maintenance and proliferation. Here we show that p63 regulates hepatic lipid metabolism. Mice with liver-specific p53 deletion develop steatosis and show increased levels of p63. Down-regulation of p63 attenuates liver steatosis in p53 knockout mice and in diet-induced obese mice, whereas the activation of p63 induces lipid accumulation. Hepatic overexpression of N-terminal transactivation domain TAp63 induces liver steatosis through IKKβ activation and the induction of ER stress, the inhibition of which rescues the liver functions. Expression of TAp63, IKKβ and XBP1s is also increased in livers of obese patients with NAFLD. In cultured human hepatocytes, TAp63 inhibition protects against oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation, whereas TAp63 overexpression promotes lipid storage, an effect reversible by IKKβ silencing. Our findings indicate an unexpected role of the p63/IKKβ/ER stress pathway in lipid metabolism and liver disease.
Signalome-wide assessment of host cell response to hepatitis C virus
Authors: Haqshenas Gholamreza , Wu Jianmin , Simpson Kaylene J. , Daly Roger J. , Netter Hans J. , Baumert Thomas F. , Doerig Christian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHost cell signalling during infection with intracellular pathogens remains poorly understood. Here we report on the use of antibody microarray technology to detect variations in the expression levels and phosphorylation status of host cell signalling proteins during hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. Following transfection with HCV RNA, the JNK and NF-κB pathways are suppressed, while the JAK/STAT5 pathway is activated; furthermore, components of the apoptosis and cell cycle control machineries are affected in the expression and/or phosphorylation status. RNAi-based hit validation identifies components of the JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK and calcium-induced pathways as modulators of HCV replication. Selective chemical inhibition of one of the identified targets, the JNK activator kinase MAP4K2, does impair HCV replication. Thus this study provides a comprehensive picture of host cell pathway mobilization by HCV and uncovers potential therapeutic targets. The strategy of identifying targets for anti-infective intervention within the host cell signalome can be applied to any intracellular pathogen.
Mapping the orbital structure of impurity bound states in a superconductor
Authors: Choi Deung-Jang , Rubio-Verdú Carmen , de Bruijckere Joeri , Ugeda Miguel M. , Lorente Nicolás , Pascual Jose Ignacio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA magnetic atom inside a superconductor locally distorts superconductivity. It scatters Cooper pairs as a potential with broken time-reversal symmetry, leading to localized bound states with subgap excitation energies, named Shiba states. Most conventional approaches regarding Shiba states treat magnetic impurities as point scatterers with isotropic exchange interaction. Here, we show that the number and the shape of Shiba states are correlated to the spin-polarized atomic orbitals of the impurity, hybridized with the superconductor. Using scanning tunnelling spectroscopy, we spatially map the five Shiba excitations found on subsurface chromium atoms in Pb(111), resolving their particle and hole components. While particle components resemble d orbitals of embedded Cr atoms, hole components differ strongly from them. Density functional theory simulations correlate the orbital shapes to the magnetic ground state of the atom, and identify scattering channels and interactions, all valuable tools for designing atomic-scale superconducting devices.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Precise determination of graphene functionalization by in situ Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Vecera Philipp , Chacón-Torres Julio C. , Pichler Thomas , Reich Stephanie , Soni Himadri R. , Görling Andreas , Edelthalhammer Konstantin , Peterlik Herwig , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe verification of a successful covalent functionalization of graphene and related carbon allotropes can easily be carried out by Raman spectroscopy. Nevertheless, the unequivocal assignment and resolution of individual lattice modes associated with the covalent binding of addends was elusive up to now. Here we present an in situ Raman study of a controlled functionalization of potassium intercalated graphite, revealing several new bands appearing in the D-region of the spectrum. The evolution of these bands with increasing degree of functionalization from low to moderate levels provides a basis for the deconvolution of the different components towards quantifying the extent of functionalization. By complementary DFT calculations we were able to identify the vibrational changes in the close proximity of the addend bearing lattice carbon atoms and to assign them to specific Raman modes. The experimental in situ observation of the developing functionalization along with the reoxidation of the intercalated graphite represents an important step towards an improved understanding of the chemistry of graphene.
Magnetoelectrical control of nonreciprocal microwave response in a multiferroic helimagnet
Authors: Iguchi Y. , Nii Y. , Onose Y. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe control of physical properties by external fields is essential in many contemporary technologies. For example, conductance can be controlled by a gate electric field in a field effect transistor, which is a main component of integrated circuits. Optical phenomena induced by an electric field such as electroluminescence and electrochromism are useful for display and other technologies. Control of microwave propagation is also important for future wireless communication technology. Microwave properties in solids are dominated mostly by magnetic excitations, which cannot be easily controlled by an electric field. One solution to this problem is to use magnetically induced ferroelectrics (multiferroics). Here we show that microwave nonreciprocity, that is, different refractive indices for microwaves propagating in opposite directions, could be reversed by an external electric field in a multiferroic helimagnet Ba2Mg2Fe12O22. This approach offers an avenue for the electrical control of microwave properties.
Dynamic molecular oxygen production in cometary comae
Authors: Yao Yunxi , Giapis Konstantinos P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAbundant molecular oxygen was discovered in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Its origin was ascribed to primordial gaseous O2 incorporated into the nucleus during the comet’s formation. This thesis was put forward after discounting several O2 production mechanisms in comets, including photolysis and radiolysis of water, solar wind–surface interactions and gas-phase collisions. Here we report an original Eley–Rideal reaction mechanism, which permits direct O2 formation in single collisions of energetic water ions with oxidized cometary surface analogues. The reaction proceeds by H2O+ abstracting a surface O-atom, then forming an excited precursor state, which dissociates to produce O2−. Subsequent photo-detachment leads to molecular O2, whose presence in the coma may thus be linked directly to water molecules and their interaction with the solar wind. This abiotic O2 production mechanism is consistent with reported trends in the 67P coma and raises awareness of the role of energetic negative ions in comets.
Liraglutide reduces body weight by upregulation of adenylate cyclase 3
Authors: Li Z , Liang Y , Xia N , Lai Y , Pan H , Zhou S , Jiang F , He Y 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Objective:
According to recent studies, adenylate cyclase 3 (AC3) is associated with obesity. Liraglutide reduces blood glucose levels and body weight (BW). We performed a 2 × 2 factorial experiment to study the relationships among AC3, liraglutide and obesity and to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the physiological effects of liraglutide on obesity.

Methods:
A high-fat diet was used to induce obesity in C57BL/6J mice. Both the normal and obese mice were treated with liraglutide (1 mg kg−1) or saline twice daily for 8 weeks. The hepatic levels of the AC3 and glucagon-like peptide receptor (GLP-1R) mRNAs and proteins were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. The serum AC3 levels were detected using a rat/mouse AC3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

Results:
The administration of liraglutide significantly decreased the BW in obese mice and normal control mice. The BW of obese mice exhibited a more obvious decrease. Hepatic AC3 mRNA and protein levels and serum AC3 levels were significantly reduced in obese mice compared with those in normal control mice. The administration of liraglutide significantly increased the hepatic expression of the AC3 and GLP-1R mRNAs and proteins and serum AC3 levels. The hepatic expression of the AC3 mRNA and protein and serum AC3 levels were negatively correlated with BW loss in the liraglutide-treated group. Pearson’s correlation coefficients for these comparisons are r=−0.448, P=0.048; r=−0.478, P=0.046; and r=−0.909, P=0.000, respectively.

Conclusions:
Based on our research, liraglutide reduces BW, possibly by increasing the expression of AC3.
Eating glutinous brown rice twice a day for 8 weeks improves glycemic control in Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nakayama T , Nagai Y , Uehara Y , Nakamura Y , Ishii S , Kato H , Tanaka Y 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Objective:
We recently reported that eating glutinous brown rice (GBR) for 1 day improved the whole-day glucose profile and postprandial plasma glucose level compared with eating white rice (WR) or standard brown rice. However, it was unknown whether eating GBR could maintain improvement of glycemic control for a longer period. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of GBR intake for 8 weeks on glycemic control in outpatients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods:
This was an open-label randomized crossover study in outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Among the 18 subjects registered in this study, 2 were excluded from analysis. After a 1-week observation period while eating WR twice a day, the patients were randomly assigned to two groups. One group ate GBR as a staple food twice a day for 8 weeks and then switched to WR for the next 8 weeks, while the other group ate WR first and then switched to GBR. A mixed meal tolerance test was performed at baseline and after 8 and 16 weeks of dietary intervention to evaluate plasma glucose and serum C-peptide.

Results:
None of the subjects failed to complete the study because of disliking the taste of GBR. Hemoglobin A1c (7.5–7.2%, P=0.014) and glycoalbumin (20.4–19.4%, P=0.029) both decreased significantly when the patients were eating GBR. Additionally, the 30-min postprandial plasma glucose level (194–172 mg dl−1, P=0.031) and the incremental area under the concentration vs time curve of serum C-peptide (31.3–22.1 ng min ml−1, P=0.023) during the mixed meal tolerance test were also decreased significantly by intake of GBR. In contrast, there were no changes of glycemic control during the WR period.

Conclusions:
We confirmed that GBR was well tolerated for 8 weeks and improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Membrane-bound β-catenin degradation is enhanced by ETS2-mediated Siah1 induction in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer cells
Authors: Das L , Kokate S B , Dixit P , Rath S , Rout N , Singh S P , Crowe S E , Bhattacharyya A 
Published: May 2017

Abstractβ-catenin has two different cellular functions: intercellular adhesion and transcriptional activity. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah1 causes ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the cytosolic β-catenin and therefore, impairs nuclear translocation and oncogenic function of β-catenin. However, the effect of Siah1 on the cell membrane bound β-catenin has not been studied. In this study, we identified that the carcinogenic bacterium H. pylori increased ETS2 transcription factor-mediated Siah1 protein expression in gastric cancer cells (GCCs) MKN45, AGS and Kato III. Siah1 protein level was also noticeably higher in gastric adenocarcinoma biopsy samples as compared to non-cancerous gastric epithelia. Siah1 knockdown significantly decreased invasiveness and migration of H. pylori-infected GCCs. Although, Siah1 could not increase degradation of the cytosolic β-catenin and its nuclear translocation, it enhanced degradation of the membrane-bound β-catenin in the infected GCCs. This loss of membrane-bound pool of β-catenin was not associated with the proteasomal degradation of E-cadherin. Thus, this work delineated the role of Siah1 in increasing invasiveness of H. pylori-infected GCCs.
NSAIDs Use and Reduced Metastasis in Cancer Patients: results from a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Xiaoping , Xu Zhi , Li Haoseng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis meta-analysis investigated the relationship between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and lymph node/distant metastasis. Relevant sources were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. Studies that reported the odds ratio (OR)/risk ratio (RR)/hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of interested outcomes were included. Pooled effect estimates were obtained by using random- or fixed-effect model depending on the heterogeneity across these studies. Sixteen studies involving 202780 participants, including prostate, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer patients, were included. Compared with the reference, generally patients exposed to NSAIDs at pre- and post-diagnosis experienced a significantly reduced risk of distant metastasis (RR 0.708, 95% CI 0.586–0.856 and RR: 0.484, 95% CI: 0.393–0.595, respectively), including prostate cancer (pre-diagnostic use: RR = 0.874, 95% CI, 0.787–0.97; post-diagnostic use: RR = 0.482, 95% CI 0.359–0.647), and breast cancer (pre-diagnostic use: RR = 0.644, 95% CI 0.565–0.735; post-diagnostic use: RR = 0.485, 95% CI 0.362–0.651). However, lymph node metastasis was weakly related with pre-diagnostic use of NSAIDs (RR = 0.949, 95% CI 0.914–0.985). NSAIDs are related to a significantly reduced risk of metastasis development, regardless of pre-diagnostic or post-diagnostic use. However, NSAIDs and lymph node metastasis are weakly associated. Our finding suggested a novel metastasis management.
Plasmonic Purcell effect reveals obliquely ordered phosphorescent emitters in Organic LEDs
Authors: Mac Ciarnain R. , Michaelis D. , Wehlus T. , Rausch A. F. , Wehrmeister S. , Schmidt T. D. , Brütting W. , Danz N. , Bräuer A. , Tünnermann A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe non-isotropic alignment of molecules can increase the interaction efficiency with propagating light fields. This applies to both emissive and absorptive systems and can be exploited for achieving unprecedented efficiencies of organic opto-electronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes. Optical analysis has revealed certain phosphorescent emitters to align spontaneously in an advantageous orientation. Unfortunately, established approaches only determine an average orientation because emission patterns solely depend on the second moments of the transition dipole vector distribution. In order to resolve further details of such a distribution, additional differences in the emission characteristics of parallel and perpendicularly oriented emitters need to be introduced. A thin metal layer near the emitters introduces plasmon mediated losses mostly for perpendicular emitters. Then, analyzing the emission at different polarizations allows one to measure emission lifetimes of mostly parallel or mostly perpendicular oriented emitters. This should alter the transient emission when observing the temporal phosphorescence decay under different directions and/or polarizations. The angular width of the orientation distribution can be derived from the degree of such lifetime splitting. Our results suggest a narrow but obliquely oriented molecular ensemble of Ir(MDQ)2(acac) doped into the α-NPD host inside an Organic LED stack.
Development of an inducible mouse model of iRFP713 to track recombinase activity and tumour development in vivo
Authors: Hock Andreas K. , Cheung Eric C. , Humpton Timothy J. , Monteverde Tiziana , Paulus-Hock Viola , Lee Pearl , McGhee Ewan , Scopelliti Alessandro , Murphy Daniel J. , Strathdee Douglas , Blyth Karen , Vousden Karen H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhile the use of bioluminescent proteins for molecular imaging is a powerful technology to further our understanding of complex processes, fluorescent labeling with visible light fluorescent proteins such as GFP and RFP suffers from poor tissue penetration and high background autofluorescence. To overcome these limitations, we generated an inducible knock-in mouse model of iRFP713. This model was used to assess Cre activity in a Rosa Cre–ER background and quantify Cre activity upon different tamoxifen treatments in several organs. We also show that iRFP can be readily detected in 3D organoid cultures, FACS analysis and in vivo tumour models. Taken together we demonstrate that iRFP713 is a progressive step in in vivo imaging and analysis that widens the optical imaging window to the near-infrared spectrum, thereby allowing deeper tissue penetration, quicker image acquisition without the need to inject substrates and a better signal to background ratio in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs).
Phylogeographical structure and demographic expansion in the endemic alpine stream salamander (Hynobiidae: Batrachuperus) of the Qinling Mountains
Authors: Huang Zu-Shi , Yu Feng-Lan , Gong Hui-Sheng , Song Yan-Ling , Zeng Zhi-Gao , Zhang Qiong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Qinling Mountains of China provide an excellent study area for assessing the effect of Pleistocene climatic oscillations and paleogeological events on intraspecific diversification. To assess genetic diversity of an endemic stream salamander, Batrachuperus tibetanus, for its conservation, a phylogeographical survey was performed based on mitochondrial DNA and morphological data. The mitochondrial data revealed three lineages of B. tibetanus in the Qinling Mountains. A lineage present in the northwestern Qinling Mountains groups with the Tibet lineage of B. tibetanus, and the remaining Qinling populations are eastern and western lineages that separated ~3–4 million years ago (Ma). The eastern and western Qinling lineage delineation is supported by three morphological variables (snout length, eye diameter and axilla-groin length). The divergence of the two major lineages was likely caused by orogenesis of the Qinling Mountains during the late Cenozoic, and the two lineages were subsequently affected at different levels by Pleistocene climatic oscillations showing different signals of demographic expansion. A large suitable area of B. tibetanus through the Qinling Mountains since the last glacial maximum (LGM) indicated the adaptation of this species to the climatic changes. However, low genetic diversity within populations indicate the urgency of preserving the vulnerable populations and endemic lineages.
Controllability of complex networks with unilateral inputs
Authors: Lindmark Gustav , Altafini Claudio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we study the problem of controlling complex networks with unilateral controls, i.e., controls which can assume only positive or negative values, not both. Given a complex network represented by the adjacency matrix A, an algorithm is developed that constructs an input matrix B such that the resulting system (A, B) is controllable with a near minimal number of unilateral control inputs. This is made possible by a reformulation of classical conditions for controllability that casts the minimal unilateral input selection problem into well known optimization problems. We identify network properties that make unilateral controllability relatively easy to achieve as compared to unrestricted controllability. The analysis of the network topology for instance allows us to establish theoretical bounds on the minimal number of controls required. For various categories of random networks as well as for a number of real-world networks these lower bounds are often achieved by our heuristics.
Optimisation of a Novel Spiral-Inducing Bypass Graft Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Ruiz-Soler Andres , Kabinejadian Foad , Slevin Mark A. , Bartolo Paulo J. , Keshmiri Amir 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGraft failure is currently a major concern for medical practitioners in treating Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). It is now widely accepted that unfavourable haemodynamic conditions play an essential role in the formation and development of intimal hyperplasia, which is the main cause of graft failure. This paper uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to conduct a parametric study to enhance the design and performance of a novel prosthetic graft, which utilises internal ridge(s) to induce spiral flow. This design is primarily based on the identification of the blood flow as spiral in the whole arterial system and is believed to improve the graft longevity and patency rates at distal graft anastomoses. Four different design parameters were assessed in this work and the trailing edge orientation of the ridge was identified as the most important parameter to induce physiological swirling flow, while the height of the ridge also significantly contributed to the enhanced performance of this type of graft. Building on these conclusions, an enhanced configuration of spiral graft is proposed and compared against conventional and spiral grafts to reaffirm its potential benefits.