bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Levels in Term Neonates
Authors: Kandasamy Yogavijayan , Hartley Leo , Rudd Donna 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) plays an integral role in physiological and pathophysiological angiogenesis and has increasingly been implicated in the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants. Application of intravitreal anti-VEGF is frequently used to treat ROP with little consideration given to the role of VEGF-A in neonatal growth and development. Previous studies have demonstrated systemic anti-VEGF persistence, reduced peripheral VEGF levels following treatment, and possible diagnostic and prognostic uses for VEGF-A determination. This study seeks to determine a normal range for serum VEGF-A (sVEGF-A) in healthy, term infants. The sVEGF-A levels were obtained from 32 neonates born at term infants (16 males and 16 females) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No significant correlations were found between sVEGF-A levels and time of sample collection, birth weight, or gender. The median sVEGF-A level was 976 (394–1635) pg/mL (95% confidence interval for median: 496–1,318 pg/mL). This preliminary study determines a normal range for the sVEGF-A level in healthy, term neonates. This normal range will provide a tool to assist in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment of infants with ROP.
Fulminant Mycoplasma Infection Requiring ECMO in a Previously Healthy Child: Case Report and Review
Authors: Hume Janet , Steiner Marie , Fischer Gwenyth , Heith Catherine 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia and rarely requires hospitalization. We present a case of a 12-year-old girl who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Eight cases of Mycoplasma infection requiring ECMO reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization and 16 cases reported in the literature are summarized with 72.7% survival cumulatively.
Echocardiographic Evaluation in Neonates with Heart Murmurs
Authors: Mohsenzadeh Azam , Soleimaninejad Maryam , Ahmadipour Shokoufeh 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAuscultation of the heart is one of the most important tools of physical examination in neonates, which is very helpful in the diagnosis or rejection of congenital heart diseases (CHDs). The aim of this study is to investigate the causes of heart murmur in neonates hospitalized in neonatal unit in Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted within the period of 18 months on neonates hospitalized in neonatal unit whose heart murmur, diagnosed through examination, and echocardiography was conducted to investigate the existence of CHD. In 62.1% of the cases, murmuring was auscultated within the first week after birth. Among 172 neonates with heart murmur, 25 subjects (14.5%) had normal echocardiogram, and others had abnormal echocardiogram in which ventricular septal defect (31.4%) was the most common CHD. Patent ductus arteriosus (23.3%) was the second common CHD found. Other defects were atrial septal defect, persistent foramen ovale, pulmonary stenosis, and tricuspid regurgitation. Among the neonates with CHD, 55 subjects were females and 92 cases were males. There was CHD history in previous siblings in 10 cases. In 73 neonates with CHD, the mother had not taken folic acid in the first trimester of pregnancy. A total of 14.5% of the hospitalized neonates suffered from innocent murmur, and the rest with heart murmur had abnormal echocardiography and suffered from CHD (85.5%). Heart murmur in neonates could be a symptom of CHD, and timely echocardiography is very important in diagnosing the type of disease.
Vertical Transmission of HIV-1 in the Metropolitan Area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil: 2006–2014
Authors: Melo Victor Hugo , Maia Marcelle Marie Martins , Correa Júnior Mário Dias , Kakehasi Fabiana Maria , Ferreira Flávia Gomes Faleiro , Andrade Beatriz Amélia Monteiro de , Scaramussa Fernanda Sobral , Ferreira Fernanda Alves Morais , Messias Alfredo Augusto , Pinto Jorge Andrade 
Published: December 2017

Objective To revise HIV-1 vertical transmission (VT) rates in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from January of 2006 to December of 2014.
Methods Descriptive study of a prospective cohort of HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their children, monitored by the Maternal and Child HIV/Aids Research Group of Research Group at Faculty of Medicine of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Results The VT general rate was 1.9% (13/673; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 1.0–3.3). The extensive use of combined highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (89.7%; 583/650) strongly impacted the reduction of VT during this period. Maternal viral load (VL) higher than 1,000 copies/mL showed significant association with VT (OR:6.6; CI 95%:1.3–33.3). Maternal breastfeeding was described in 10 cases in this cohort (1.5%; CI 95%: 0.7–2.7), but it was not associated with VT.
Conclusion The present cohort data were coherent with the low VT rate described in other global populations, and it was considerably lower in comparison to the results of the same cohort during the period of 1998–2005, when the VT rate was 6.2%. These data confirm the efficiency of the National Guidelines, and emphasize the importance of adopting the international recommended procedures for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV.
Epidemiologie des Diabetes
Authors: Jacobs Esther , Rathmann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFor Germany, estimates for diabetes prevalence, incidence, morbidity and mortality are based on different study types, e. g. regional population-based studies, surveys or health claims data, and various methods are used for the calculations. Thus, there are a number of different epidemiological estimates published. This is also true for the prevalence of people with undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes. In addition, evidence exists that the prevalence of diabetes varies between regions in Germany. In this context, new risk factors, such as regional deprivation and air pollution, are currently in the focus. This article gives a short overview on the current research status in diabetes epidemiology with regard to the situation in Germany. Trends in the development of diabetes, its complications and mortality are also discussed. Based on the current refugee situation, the article contains a short insight of available studies on this topic. The overview on the current evidence is supplemented by methodological aspects that should be taken into account when interpreting studies.
Recommendations for Improving Adherence to Home-Based Exercise: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bachmann Caroline , Oesch Peter , Bachmann Stefan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this review is to list the factors that influence adherence to home-based exercise, and to make recommendations about how to improve adherence.
Materials and Methods A literature search was performed in Web of Science Core Collection (Library of ETH Zurich), PubMed and PEDro databases. The following search categories were used: “physiotherapy”, “home-based exercises”, “adherence”, “effectiveness”, “motivation” and “barriers”.
Results A total of 38 studies were identified and title and abstract analysis was performed. 14 studies were included for further analysis. The factors found to contribute to adherence to home-based exercise programmes are: intensive social support and guidance from a physiotherapist; prescription of a low number of exercises (<4); high levels of self-motivation and self-efficacy; and a lack of psychological influences, such as helplessness, depression and anxiety.
Conclusion Adherence to home-based exercise could be increased relatively simply, through provision of good support of the patient from physiotherapists, instruction of 2 to a maximum of 4 exercises, and by increasing the patients’ self-motivation and self-efficacy (Recommendation level B+).
DiaDigital – das App-Siegel der Diabetesverbände
Authors: Kaltheuner Matthias 
Published: December 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDiaDigital ist ein App-Bewertungsportal, auf dem Menschen mit Diabetes, Diabetesberater und Ärzte zusammen Apps bezüglich ihres Nutzens im Rahmen der Behandlung eines Diabetes mellitus bewerten. Startschuss für die Bewertung ist die Eigeninitiative der App-Hersteller- bzw. Vertreiber: Um ihre App bewerten zu lassen machen sie zunächst in einem begleiteten Selbstauskunftsverfahren Angaben zu ihrer App, die auf Pflichtangaben überprüft werden. Ist das Ergebnis zufriedenstellend, folgt zunächst eine technische Überprüfung der App und anschließend ihre Bewertung durch eine App-Tester-Gruppe – überwiegend Patienten mit Diabetes. Denn Betroffene haben die größte Kompetenz in der Nutzenbewertung. Die Testung soll die Erfahrung der Tester mehren und dabei Testergebnisse für interessierte Nutzer generieren.
AnkerSteps – eine Gamification-App für mehr Bewegung
Authors: Schwarz Peter E. H. , Düring-Schmidt Stefanie , Holland Maxi 
Published: December 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGTechnologien wie E-Health, Big Data und soziale Netzwerke eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten zur Prävention von Typ-2-Diabetes. Forscher des Paul Langerhans Instituts Dresden (PLID) und des Universitätsklinikums Carl Gustav Carus in Dresden arbeiten zusammen mit dem TUMAINI Institut an der Entwicklung von Präventionsprodukten, die ein breites Segment in der Bevölkerung erreichen können und einen gesunden Lebensstil unterstützen. Ein Beispiel ist die App „AnkerSteps“. Sie motiviert die Nutzer, sich 10 000 Schritte am Tag zu bewegen.
Evaluation eines proaktiv angebotenen Gesundheitsprogramms für Versicherte mit anhaltenden Rückenschmerzen – Ein-Jahres-Follow-up einer randomisierten, kontrollierten Studie
Authors: Hüppe Angelika , Wunderlich Max , Hochheim Martin , Mirbach Andrea , Zeuner Christel , Raspe Heiner 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Um bei anhaltenden Rückenschmerzen (RS) den Zugang zu einer leitliniengerechten Behandlung zu erleichtern, entwickelte eine private Krankenversicherung ein spezielles Gesundheitsprogramm und bot es Versicherten proaktiv an. Machbarkeit und Wirksamkeit dieses Vorgehens sollten evaluiert werden.
Methodik Es wurde eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie im Zelen-Design durchgeführt. Volljährige Vollversicherte mit Hinweisen auf anhaltende RS wurden vor Einholung der Informierten Einwilligung randomisiert. Die Interventionsgruppe (IG) wurde zur Teilnahme am Gesundheitsprogramm eingeladen, die Kontrollgruppe (KG) zur Teilnahme an einem RS-Survey. Primäre Outcomes waren neben RS-Intensität und RS-Beeinträchtigung (nach von Korff) die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (SF-12). Sie wurden zu Studienbeginn sowie nach 12 und 24 Monaten per online-Fragebogen erfasst.
Ergebnisse 552 von 3462 identifizierten und randomisierten Versicherten stimmten der Studienteilnahme zu. An der 12 Monatsbefragung nahmen in der IG 132 von 258 (51,2%), in der KG 243 von 294 (82,7%) teil. In 3 der 4 primären Outcomes finden sich (Auswertung nach ITT-Prinzip) signifikante kleine Effekte zugunsten der IG. Die RS in der IG zeigen eine geringere Intensität (38,6 vs 44,5; p=0,001; d=0,36) und werden als weniger beeinträchtigend erlebt (1,6 vs 2,2; p=0,002; d=0,41); im somatischen Aspekt der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität erzielt die IG bessere Werte (43,6 vs 39,0; p<0,001, d=0,54), auf der psychischen Summenskala ergibt sich kein klarer Vorteil.
Schlussfolgerung Das gewählte Vorgehen erweist sich als machbar und führt bei interessierten Versicherten zu positiven Effekten in patientenberichteten Zielparametern. Vor der abschließenden Bewertung des Gesundheitsangebotes sind die ausstehenden Kostenanalysen sowie die Befunde der 2-Jahres-Befragung abzuwarten.
Einschulungsuntersuchung in Baden-Württemberg – Ergebnisse einer Befragung der Gesundheitsämter
Authors: Bode Harald 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie In Baden- Württemberg (BaWü) wurde Schritt 1 der Einschulungsuntersuchung (ESU) in das vorletzte Kindergartenjahr vorverlegt mit dem Ziel, bei Kindern mit Entwicklungsrisiken für einen erfolgreichen Schulbesuch hinreichend Zeit für notwendige Fördermaßnahmen zu gewinnen. Die Praxis in der Durchführung der im vorletzten (Schritt 1) und letzten (Schritt 2) Kindergartenjahr erfolgenden ESU in BaWü sollte jetzt analysiert und daraus Stärken, Schwächen und Veränderungsbedarf abgeleitet werden.
Methodik Sämtliche 38 Gesundheitsämter (GÄ) in BaWü erhielten einen umfangreichen Fragebogen. Darin machten Ärzte und sozialmedizinischen Assistentinnen nach standardisierten Vorgaben Angaben zu Basisdaten, Ressourcenbedarf, Akzeptanz, Kooperation, Inhalten, Methoden und Wirkung der ESU und ergänzten diese mit freien Kommentaren. Grundlage der Fragen waren die landesweit standardisierten Arbeitsrichtlinien für die Einschulungsjahrgänge 2016 (Schritt 2) und 2017 (Schritt 1).
Ergebnisse In Schritt 1 wurde im Median 2091 Kinder je Amt untersucht, in Schritt 2 192 Kinder. Die personellen Ressourcen wurden von manchen GÄ als nicht ausreichend angesehen. Die ESU wurde ganz überwiegend als unverzichtbar oder hilfreich eingeschätzt. Der Austausch mit Eltern und Erziehern hat einen hohen Stellenwert. Die ESU erfolgt komplett oder überwiegend nach den Arbeitsrichtlinien. Veränderungsbedarf wird bei einigen Aspekten des Entwicklungsscreenings in Schritt 1 gesehen. Erzieherinnenbeobachtungsbögen und Elternfragebögen werden als hilfreich betrachtet. Die GÄ schätzen, im Mittel bei 20% der Kinder schulrelevante gesundheitliche Einschränkungen zu entdecken, insbesondere im Bereich der Sprache. Oft fehlen Informationen über die nach der ESU eingeleiteten Fördermaßnahmen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Vorverlagerung von Schritt 1 der ESU in das zweite Kindergartenjahr hat sich aus Sicht der GÄ bewährt und erfährt eine hohe Akzeptanz der Beteiligten. Eine Weiterentwicklung der eingesetzten Screeningmethoden und der Beobachtungs-/ Fragebögen erscheint sinnvoll. Rückmeldungen zu eingeleiteten Fördermaßnahmen sollten die Regel werden. Schritt 2 sollte auf Kinder mit besonderen gesundheitlichen und sonderpädagogischen Bedarfen und ihre Bezugspersonen fokussiert werden.
Repetitive Maturation of Oocytes From Non-Stimulated Xenografted Ovarian Tissue From a Prepubertal Patient Indicating the Independence of Human Ovarian Tissue
Authors: Raffel Nathalie , Lotz Laura , Hoffmann Inge , Liebenthron Jana , Söder Stephan , Beckmann Matthias , Dittrich Ralf 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Introduction Modern anti-cancer strategies have distinctly increased survival rates; nevertheless, often accompanied by sterility. Currently, the only option for preserving fertility in prepubertal females is to cryopreserve ovarian tissue and re-transplant frozen-thawed tissue to restore fertility after treatment. Our aim was to report the occurrence of repetitive antral follicle formation and oocyte maturation in a prepubescent ovarian tissue xenograft without exogenous hormone stimulation.
Material and Methods Frozen-thawed ovarian tissue from a 6-year-old patient suffering from nephroblastoma was xenotransplanted in oophorectomized severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice to evaluate follicle development.
Ergebnisse Repetitive follicle development to the antral stage occurred in the same xenograft of prepubertal ovarian tissue without exogenous hormone administration; 37 days after retrieving a maturing oocyte (this first retrieval has been previously published), another, completely mature oocyte was harvested from the xenograft. Subsequent histological evaluation of the grafted tissue showed primordial follicles, nearly all stages of developing follicles, as well as large atretic ones. Many clusters with dormant primordial follicles were also present.
Conclusion Xenotransplanted prepubertal ovarian tissue has the potential for repetitive oocyte retrieval cycles without administering exogenous hormones. The results indicate that the human ovarian tissue might be able to synchronize the hypothalamus-hypophysis-axes of the mouse to the physiological human cycle; this should be investigated in future studies.
Circulating Tumour Cells, Circulating Tumour DNA and Circulating MicroRNA in Metastatic Breast Carcinoma – What is the Role of Liquid Biopsy in Breast Cancer?
Authors: Polasik Arkadius , Tzschaschel Marie , Schochter Fabienne , de Gregorio Amelie , Friedl Thomas , Rack Brigitte , Hartkopf Andreas , Fasching Peter , Schneeweiss Andreas , Müller Volkmar , Huober Jens , Janni Wolfgang , Fehm Tanja 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDissemination of tumour cells and the development of solid metastases occurs via blood vessels and lymphatics. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) can be detected in venous blood in patients with early and metastatic breast cancer, and their prognostic relevance has been demonstrated on numerous occasions. Repeated testing for CTCs and ctDNA, or regular so-called “liquid biopsy”, can be performed easily at any stage during the course of disease. Additional molecular analysis allows definition of tumour characteristics and heterogeneity that may be associated with treatment resistance. This in turn makes personalised, targeted treatments possible that may achieve both improved overall survival and quality of life.
Cytotoxic Deoxypodophyllotoxin Can Be Extracted in High Purity from Anthriscus sylvestris Roots by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Seegers Christel , Tepper Pieter , Setroikromo Rita , Quax Wim 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDeoxypodophyllotoxin is present in the roots of Anthriscus sylvestris. This compound is cytotoxic on its own, but it can also be converted into podophyllotoxin, which is in high demand as a precursor for the important anticancer drugs etoposide and teniposide. In this study, deoxypodophyllotoxin is extracted from A. sylvestris roots by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The process is simple and scalable. The supercritical carbon dioxide method extracts 75 – 80% of the total deoxypodophyllotoxin content, which is comparable to a single extraction by traditional Soxhlet. However, less polar components are extracted. The activity of the supercritical carbon dioxide extract containing deoxypodophyllotoxin was assessed by demonstrating that the extract arrests A549 and HeLa cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. We conclude that biologically active deoxypodophyllotoxin can be extracted from A. sylvestris by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The method is solvent free and more sustainable compared to traditional methods.
Lesion network localization of criminal behavior
Authors: Darby R. Ryan , Horn Andreas , Cushman Fiery , Fox Michael D. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Cases like that of Charles Whitman, who murdered 16 people after growth of a brain tumor, have sparked debate about why some brain lesions, but not others, might lead to criminal behavior. Here we systematically characterize such lesions and compare them with lesions that cause other symptoms. We find that lesions in multiple different brain areas are associated with criminal behavior. However, these lesions all fall within a unique functionally connected brain network involved in moral decision making. Furthermore, connectivity to competing brain networks predicts the abnormal moral decisions observed in these patients. These results provide insight into why some brain lesions, but not others, might predispose to criminal behavior, with potential neuroscience, medical, and legal implications.
Evidence of directional and stabilizing selection in contemporary humans
Authors: Sanjak Jaleal S. , Sidorenko Julia , Robinson Matthew R. , Thornton Kevin R. , Visscher Peter M. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Combining high-throughput molecular genetic data with extensive phenotyping enables the direct study of natural selection in humans. We see firsthand how and at what rates contemporary human populations are evolving. Here we demonstrate that the genetic variants associated with several traits, including age at first birth in females and body-mass index in males, are also associated with reproductive success. In addition, for several traits, we demonstrate that individuals at either extreme of the phenotypic range have reduced fitness—the hallmark of stabilizing selection. Overall, the data are indicative of a moving optimum model for contemporary evolution of human quantitative traits.
Dynamic and heterogeneous effects of sibling death on children’s outcomes
Authors: Fletcher Jason , Vidal-Fernandez Marian , Wolfe Barbara 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Although childhood mortality rates have plummeted over the past century in developed countries, between 5% and 10% of the US population still experiences a sibling death. While we know a death in the family has strong and durable negative long-term effects on relatives in the long run, little is known about the development of children who experience the death of a sibling in the medium run. This is a key issue, given children’s vulnerability, the malleability of early childhood skills, and their impact on future adult health and socioeconomic outcomes. By analyzing a longitudinal dataset, this study examines how children’s cognitive and socioemotional skills and parental effort change around the time of the death of a child in the family.
In vivo inhibition of tryptophan catabolism reorganizes the tuberculoma and augments immune-mediated control ofMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Gautam Uma S. , Foreman Taylor W. , Bucsan Allison N. , Veatch Ashley V. , Alvarez Xavier , Adekambi Toidi , Golden Nadia A. , Gentry Kaylee M. , Doyle-Meyers Lara A. , Russell-Lodrigue Kasi E. , Didier Peter J. , Blanchard James L. , Kousoulas K. Gus , Lackner Andrew A. , Kalman Daniel , Rengarajan Jyothi , Khader Shabaana A. , Kaushal Deepak , Mehra Smriti 
Published: December 2017

SignificanceMycobacterium tuberculosisinduces the expression of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme, which catabolizes tryptophan. Tryptophan metabolites potently suppress host immunity. The present study demonstrates that blockade of IDO activity reduces both clinical manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) as well as microbial and pathological correlates of the human TB syndrome in macaques. In granulomas, T cells localize in the periphery, and are unable to access the core, where bacilli persist. Inhibiting IDO activity altered granuloma organization such that more T cells translocated to the lesion core and exhibited highly proliferative signatures. Our results identify a highly efficient immunosuppressive mechanism at play in the granuloma environment that aids inM. tuberculosispersistence. The ability to modulate this pathway with safe and approved compounds could, however, facilitate chemotherapy-adjunctive host-directed therapy approaches for the control of TB.
Closing the loop on impulsivity via nucleus accumbens delta-band activity in mice and man
Authors: Wu Hemmings , Miller Kai J. , Blumenfeld Zack , Williams Nolan R. , Ravikumar Vinod K. , Lee Karen E. , Kakusa Bina , Sacchet Matthew D. , Wintermark Max , Christoffel Daniel J. , Rutt Brian K. , Bronte-Stewart Helen , Knutson Brian , Malenka Robert C. , Halpern Casey H. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
We reveal prominent delta oscillations in the nucleus accumbens preceding food reward in mice and use them to guide responsive neurostimulation to suppress binge-like behavior. Similar electrographic signatures are observed in human nucleus accumbens during reward anticipation as well, suggesting their translational potential in the development of a treatment for loss of impulse control in obesity and perhaps additional brain disorders.