bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the effect of spinning process variables on blow room blended cotton melange yarn quality
Authors: Ray Suchibrata , Ghosh Anindya , Banerjee Debamalya 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The use and importance of mélange yarn in apparel sector is increasing day by day. With the gradual increase in market share, achieving the desired quality level of mélange yarn remains a challenge for yarn manufacturing industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of raw material (dyed fiber percentage in the mixing), important spinning process variable (yarn twist multiplier) and productivity (spindle rpm of ring frame) on properties of cotton mélange spun yarn.

Design/methodology/approach
Box and Behnken Design of experiment has been used to investigate the important yarn quality parameters like evenness, imperfection, hairiness, breaking strength and breaking elongation of blow room blended cotton mélange yarn. The quadratic regression model is used to derive the statistical inferences about sensitivity of the yarn quality parameters to the different process variables. The response surfaces are constructed for depicting the geometric representation of yarn quality parameters plotted as a function of process variables.

Findings
The study shows that shade depth and spindle speed have significant effects on the mélange yarn unevenness and imperfections. Mélange yarn strength and hairiness are significantly affected by shade depth and yarn twist multiplier (TM). Yarn elongation at break is only influenced by the spindle speed. A darker shade is responsible for higher yarn unevenness, imperfection, hairiness and lower yarn strength. A higher spindle speed is also liable for deterioration of yarn quality.

Practical implications
Many spinning industries are planning to convert their existing spindles from normal gray yarn production to mélange yarn manufacturing. The outcome of this study will lead to achieve better mélange yarn quality and productivity by the industry.

Originality/value
Research on mélange yarn is itself scant. This study is exclusively conducted to analyze the individual and interactive effect of various process parameters on the mélange yarn quality.
Translating Research into Action: involving older people in co-producing knowledge about age-friendly neighbourhood interventions
Authors: Doran Patty , Buffel Tine 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
Developing what has been termed “age-friendly” cities has become a significant issue for public policy. To date, however, there is limited knowledge about how older people can be involved in the co-production of age-friendly initiatives. The Translating Research into Action project worked with a group of older co-researchers who examined the age-friendliness of their neighbourhood, with the aim of translating the findings into practice and policy recommendations that can help improve the quality of life of older people in urban neighbourhoods. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper synthetises the data collected through focus groups, interviews conducted by co-researchers and a public dissemination event. The analysis focussed on identifying the suggestions for action and change that could improve the social and physical environment for older people in urban neighbourhoods.

Findings
Physical and social issues were found to be contingent on each other and mutually reinforcing, and should therefore not be considered in isolation. However, the findings highlighted physical environmental issues as a major concern; transport was a dominant overarching theme.

Research limitations/implications
Three key areas in need of improvement when developing local level age-friendly policies and practices are discussed: improving and diversifying communication and information; promoting accessibility; and, ensuring a range of meeting opportunities for different groups.

Originality/value
The paper illustrates how co-produced research can be translated into age-friendly interventions, and will be of interest to a wide range of local and (inter)national organisations wishing to research and provide advocacy to older people.
Constraint‐based modelling captures the metabolic versatility of Desulfovibrio vulgaris
Authors: Flowers Jason J. , Richards Matthew A. , Baliga Nitin , Meyer Birte , Stahl David A. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryA refined Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough flux balance analysis (FBA) model (iJF744) was developed, incorporating 1016 reactions that include 744 genes and 951 metabolites. A draft model was first developed through automatic model reconstruction using the ModelSeed Server and then curated based on existing literature. The curated model was further refined by incorporating three recently proposed redox reactions involving the Hdr‐Flx and Qmo complexes and a lactate dehydrogenase (LdhAB, DVU 3027‐3028) indicated by mutation and transcript analyses to serve electron transfer reactions central to syntrophic and respiratory growth. Eight different variations of this model were evaluated by comparing model predictions to experimental data determined for four different growth conditions ‐ three for sulfate respiration (with lactate, pyruvate or H2/CO2‐acetate) and one for fermentation in syntrophic coculture. The final general model supports (i) a role for Hdr‐Flx in the oxidation of DsrC and ferredoxin, and reduction of NAD+ in a flavin‐based electron confurcating reaction sequence, (ii) a function of the Qmo complex in receiving electrons from the menaquinone pool and potentially from ferredoxin to reduce APS and (iii) a reduction of the soluble DsrC by LdhAB and a function of DsrC in electron transfer reactions other than sulfite reduction.
A mixed methods analysis of experiences and expectations among early‐career medical oncologists in Australia
Authors: Wong W. K. Tim , Kirby Emma , Broom Alex , Sibbritt David , Francis Kay , Karapetis Christos S. , Karikios Deme , Harrup Rosemary , Lwin Zarnie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimA viable and sustainable medical oncology profession is integral for meeting the increasing demand for quality cancer care. The aim of this study was to explore the workforce‐related experiences, perceptions and career expectations of early‐career medical oncologists in Australia.MethodsA mixed‐methods design, including a survey (n = 170) and nested qualitative semistructured interviews (n = 14) with early‐career medical oncologists. Recruitment was through the Medical Oncology Group of Australia. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed and for the survey results, logistic regression modeling was conducted.ResultsEarly‐career medical oncologists experienced uncertainty regarding their future employment opportunities. The competitive job market has made them cautious about securing a preferred job leading to a perceived need to improve their qualifications through higher degree training and research activities. The following themes and trends were identified from the qualitative and quantitative analyses: age, career stage and associated early‐career uncertainty; locale, professional competition and training preferences; participation in research and evolving professional expectations; and workload and career development opportunities as linked to career uncertainty.ConclusionPerceived diminished employment opportunities in the medical oncology profession, and shifting expectations to be “more qualified,” have increased uncertainty among junior medical oncologists in terms of their future career prospects. Structural factors relating to adequate funding of medical oncology positions may facilitate or inhibit progressive change in the workforce and its sustainability. Workforce planning and strategies informed by findings from this study will be necessary in ensuring that both the needs of cancer patients and of medical oncologists are met.
In Vitro Comparison of Pediatric Oxygenators With and Without Integrated Arterial Filters in Maintaining Optimal Hemodynamic Stability and Managing Gaseous Microemboli
Authors: Moroi Morgan , Force Madison , Wang Shigang , Kunselman Allen R. , Ündar Akif 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the Capiox FX15 oxygenator with integrated arterial filter to the Capiox RX15 oxygenator with separate Capiox AF125 arterial filter in terms of hemodynamic properties and gaseous microemboli (GME) capturing. Trials were conducted at varying flow rates (2.0 L/min, 3.0 L/min, 4.0 L/min), temperatures (30°C, 35°C), and flow modalities (pulsatile, nonpulsatile). Pressure and flow waveforms were recorded using a custom‐made data acquisition system. GME data were recorded using an Emboli Detection and Classification Quantifier after injecting a 5 mL air bolus into the venous line. Maximum instantaneous pre‐oxygenator flows reached 7.4 L/min under pulsatile conditions when the roller pump was set to a flow rate of 4 L/min. Mean pressure drops were slightly greater in the FX15 group (P < 0.0001), and the diverted flow from the arterial purge line was slighter greater in the FX15 group at 3 L/min and 4 L/min (P < 0.0001). There was a slight generation of surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE) at the pre‐oxygenator site for both oxygenators under “nonpulsatile mode.” However, higher pre‐oxygenator SHE levels were recorded for both groups with “pulsatile mode.” The RX15 and FX15 groups were both able to remove all microemboli from the circuit at 2 L/min and 3 L/min in “nonpulsatile mode.” Microemboli were delivered to the patient at 4 L/min with pulsatile flows in both groups. The RX15 oxygenator with separate AF125 arterial filter and FX15 oxygenator with integrated arterial filter performed similarly in terms of hemodynamic performance and microemboli capturing. Pulsatile flows at 4 L/min produced instantaneous flow rates that surpassed the documented maximum flow rates of the oxygenators and might have contributed to the delivery of GME to the pseudo‐patient.
Review article: the physiological effects and safety of peppermint oil and its efficacy in irritable bowel syndrome and other functional disorders
Authors: Chumpitazi B. P. , Kearns G. L. , Shulman R. J. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundPeppermint oil has been used for centuries as a treatment for gastrointestinal ailments. It has been shown to have several effects on gastrointestinal physiology relevant to clinical care and management.AimTo review the literature on peppermint oil regarding its metabolism, effects on gastrointestinal physiology, clinical use and efficacy, and safety.MethodsWe performed a PubMed literature search using the following terms individually or in combination: peppermint, peppermint oil, pharmacokinetics, menthol, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, gallbladder, colon, transit, dyspepsia, nausea, abdominal pain, and irritable bowel syndrome. Full manuscripts evaluating peppermint oil that were published through 15 July 2017 were reviewed. When evaluating therapeutic indications, only randomised clinical trials were included. References from selected manuscripts were used if relevant.ResultsIt appears that peppermint oil may have several mechanisms of action including: smooth muscle relaxation (via calcium channel blockade or direct enteric nervous system effects); visceral sensitivity modulation (via transient receptor potential cation channels); anti‐microbial effects; anti‐inflammatory activity; modulation of psychosocial distress. Peppermint oil has been found to affect oesophageal, gastric, small bowel, gall‐bladder, and colonic physiology. It has been used to facilitate completion of colonoscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Placebo controlled studies support its use in irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, childhood functional abdominal pain, and post‐operative nausea. Few adverse effects have been reported in peppermint oil trials.ConclusionPeppermint oil is a natural product which affects physiology throughout the gastrointestinal tract, has been used successfully for several clinical disorders, and appears to have a good safety profile.
Overcoming barriers: Myanmar's recent elections and women's political participation
Authors: Loring Nicole 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMyanmar's 2015 elections have been credited with bringing about a myriad of changes within the country. Much has been written about the changing political climate within Myanmar. One topic which has not yet been discussed adequately, however, is the role of Burmese women in these recent elections. This paper seeks to examine women's political participation in Myanmar's recent move towards democratisation. Using rates of female candidacies in Burmese elections, comparing these figures with rates of female participation in other Southeast Asian countries, and ethnographic research with the Burmese voting public, this paper will contribute to the sparse scholarship regarding the role of women in new democracies and regime transitions. This paper finds that beliefs about traditional gender roles, rooted in traditional Buddhism, still shape the way both men and women in Myanmar view women's political participation. While women are better represented in Myanmar's government than they were in the past, this paper suggests that measures such as quotas or reserved seats based on gender may be the best way to increase Burmese women's political representation in the future.
Melanoma in the shopping mall: A utilitarian argument for offering unsolicited medical opinions in informal settings
Authors: Preller Gustav , Salloch Sabine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDoctors occasionally make diagnoses in strangers outside of formal medical settings by using the medical skill of visual inspection, such as noticing signs of melanoma or the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. This may cause considerable moral unease and doubts on the side of the diagnosing physician. Such encounters force physicians to consider whether or not to intervene by introducing themselves to the stranger and offering an unsolicited medical opinion despite the absence of a formal doctor‐patient relationship. A small body of literature has addressed the topic of the unsolicited medical opinion, often with a primary focus on practical advice. This article seeks to establish an ethical‐theoretical basis for physicians' ethical obligation to offer an unsolicited medical opinion when they make a diagnosis by visual inspection in a stranger outside of the formal medical context. Using a utilitarian approach, it is argued that, if it is in the physicians' power to prevent a possible loss of well‐being, without thereby sacrificing anything of equal value, physicians have an ethical obligation to intervene.
Lipoedema in patients after bariatric surgery: report of two cases and review of literature
Authors: Pouwels S. , Huisman S. , Smelt H. J. M. , Said M. , Smulders J. F. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryLipoedema is a disorder of adipose tissue that is characterized by abnormal subcutaneous fat deposition, leading to swelling and enlargement of the lower limbs as well as the trunk. This entity is often misdiagnosed as lymphoedema or obesity and, therefore, may be overlooked and missed in patients scheduled for bariatric surgery. Patients with lipoedema who undergo bariatric surgery may have to continue to have extensive lower extremity and trunk adiposity despite adequate weight loss. In this report, we present two patients who had extensive trunk and lower extremity adiposity, one of them before and the other after the bariatric surgery.
Nietzsche, intention, action
Authors: Nehamas Alexander 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNietzsche sometimes writes as if we are not in control—at least not in conscious control—of our actions. He seems to suggest that what we actually do is independent of our intentions. It turns out, though, that his understanding of both intention and action differs radically from most contemporary treatments of the issue. In particular, he denies that our actions are caused by their intentions, whose role is hermeneutical in a sense that this essay develops. How then is responsibility to be assigned, since its moral variety, at least, depends, on several views, on the intention with which an action is performed? Nietzsche, of course, is not interested in making attributions of moral responsibility. Still, his views on the relationship between an individual action, its intention, other actions by its agent, and the agent's character, as this essay presents them, provide a reasonable account of action generally and a different, broader account of responsibility for oneself.
A Technical Note on IRT Simulation Studies: Dealing With Truth, Estimates, Observed Data, and Residuals
Authors: Luecht Richard , Ackerman Terry A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSimulation studies are extremely common in the item response theory (IRT) research literature. This article presents a didactic discussion of “truth” and “error” in IRT‐based simulation studies. We ultimately recommend that future research focus less on the simple recovery of parameters from a convenient generating IRT model, and more on practical comparative estimation studies when the data are intentionally generated to incorporate nuisance dimensionality and other sources of nuanced contamination encountered with real data. A new framework is also presented for conceptualizing and comparing various residuals in IRT studies. The new framework allows even very different calibration and scoring IRT models to be compared on a common, convenient, and highly interpretable number‐correct metric. Some illustrative examples are included.
Psychosocial impact of Parkinson's disease‐associated dysarthria: Cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of the Dysarthria Impact Profile into European Portuguese
Authors: Cardoso Rita , Guimarães Isabel , Santos Helena , Loureiro Rita , Domingos Josefa , Abreu Daisy , Gonçalves Nilza , Pinto Serge , Ferreira Joaquim J 
Published: January 2018

AimThe present study sought to make a cross‐cultural adaptation of the Dysarthria Impact Profile (DIP) for European Portuguese (EP) and validate it for use in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.MethodsThe cross‐cultural adaptation was carried out in accordance with the guidelines. The EP version of the DIP was administered to 80 people with PD, and 30 sex‐ and age‐matched control participants. Psychometric properties, acceptability, feasibility reliability (internal consistency and intrarater agreement) and validity (construct, convergent and known‐groups validity) were assessed using other assessment tools (motor disability and impairment, and voice impact).ResultsOverall, the EP‐DIP final version has the same conceptual meaning, semantics, idiomatic and score equivalences as the original version. Statistical analyses showed adequate feasibility (missing data <5%), good acceptability (ceiling or floor effects <15%; high requests of assistance to complete the questionnaire), satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.9), weak‐to‐moderate intrarater reliability, good construct validity, strong convergent validity (with the Voice Handicap Index; Spearman's P = −0.8) and good known‐groups validity (between those with PD and control participants).ConclusionsThe EP‐DIP version displays the salient features of a valid patient‐based assessment tool used to measure the psychosocial impact of slight‐to‐mild dysarthria in people with PD. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 767–774.
Identification of an ice recrystallisation inhibition gene family in winter‐hardy wheat and its evolutionary relationship to other members of the Triticeae
Authors: Jin Y. N. , Bai L. P. , Guan S. X. , Zhong M. , Ma H. , Wang S. , Guo Z. F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIce recrystallisation inhibition (IRI) proteins are important for plants that exist in cold environments. Six novel genes encoding IRI proteins were isolated from winter‐hardy wheat (Tricticum aestivum) cultivar (Mironovskaya808). Conserved domain analysis confirmed that all the predicted proteins contained the basic characteristics of IRI proteins, including leucine‐rich repeats (LRR) and IRI‐domains (NxVx1‐2G). In addition, these proteins possessed an N‐terminal signal peptide and some conserved cysteines. Despite the high conservation of the amino acid sequences, the characteristic regions still exist among these IRI‐domains of IRI sequences. All IRI sequences in this study are highly homologous with phytosulfokine receptors (PSR). Quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) analysis indicated that each member of the IRI gene family was induced after exposure to low temperature. Heterologous expression of IRI proteins enhanced freezing tolerance in host cells. A total of 28 IRI genes were isolated from Triticeae, and the evolutionary relationship of the IRI gene family in Triticeae and related species showed high interspecific specificity. The IRI genes from Aegilops, which is one of the progenitors of allohexaploid wheat, shared the closest relationship with those from Triticum. With high interspecific specificity in Triticeae, however, there was no specificity among different species of Triticum. Our results suggest that IRI genes have potential value to improve cold resistance of crops.
Endoscopic ultrasound for rectal cancer staging: A population‐based study of utilization, impact on treatment patterns, and survival
Authors: Okafor Philip N , Swanson Kristi , Shah Nilay , Talwalkar Jayant A 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground and AimOptimal rectal cancer (RC) outcomes depend on accurate locoregional staging. The study sought to describe the impact of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) on RC treatment patterns and survival.MethodsUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare database, the study identified patients with RC between 2005 and 2007. The study excluded patients with stage IV disease, those not enrolled in Medicare parts A and B, those enrolled in managed care, and those staged with pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (because of low numbers). The study then compared outcomes between patients who received EUS and computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis (CTAP) to those staged with CTAP alone after propensity score matching.ResultsBetween 2005 and 2007, we identified 3,408 nonmetastatic RC patients. Compared with patients staged with CTAP alone, those who received EUS and CTAP were younger (median age: 75 vs 76 years, P < 0.0001), more likely men (57.6% vs 48.7%, P < 0.0001), with a lower Charlson comorbidity index (P < 0.0001). Predictors of EUS included socioeconomic status (highest vs lowest) (odds ratio [OR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–2.5), care by a gastroenterologist (OR 1.713, 95% CI 1.38–2.13), and care in a teaching hospital (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.35–2.08). Receipt of neoadjuvant chemoradiation was higher in EUS‐staged patients (50.3% vs 16.0%, P < 0.0001). EUS‐staged patients had longer overall survival compared with those staged with CTAP alone (60 vs 57 months), but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.24).ConclusionEndoscopic ultrasound in RC staging is associated with higher utilization of neoadjuvant chemoradiation without a significant difference in overall survival.