bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Discussion of the Principles for the Combination of “Feet” In the Pentasyllabic Shi Genre
Authors: Minli Zhao , Ridgway Benjamin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
China's earliest poetic genres formed in direct relationship with music, and pentasyllabic shi poetry is no exception. This was a new poetic genre that formed after tetrasyllabic poetry and the sao style associated with the Chuci 楚辭 (Lyrics of Chu), and it represented a breakthrough in the formal development of Chinese poetic genres. The lines of shi poetry are made up of a “balanced foot” and an “unbalanced foot,” with the balanced foot in the front and the unbalanced foot following behind. Pentasyllabic shi poetry flourished during the Han dynasty, and its development was driven forward by the exploration of the musical and rhythmic properties of the Chinese language in poetic form. Given that Chinese classical poetry was born from music, the sound and rhythm of poetry are of great importance. Chinese is a monosyllabic language in which each graph has just one syllable. Ideally, a line of poetry must maintain two properties: first, to express the semantic meaning of each single monosyllabic word and, second, to allow for the free combination of monosyllabic words. Pentasyllabic shi poetry is a form precisely suited to fulfill these two conditions. In the initial stage of its development, poets focused primarily on the balance in the foot of each line and the balance within poetic lines. Later they focused increasingly on balance in the combination of monosyllabic words and in the parallel arrangement of lines in couplets. The fact that pentasyllabic shi poetry ultimately moved toward greater tonal regulation similarly is due in large part to greater attention to the role of musical rhythm.
Amoebic encephalitis: case report and literature review of neuroimaging findings
Authors: Lukies Matthew William , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Maeda Tetsuo , Kusakabe Shinsuke , Arita Hideyuki , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We present a fatal case of amoebic encephalitis due to Acanthamoeba spp. in an immunosuppressed male. Amoebic encephalitis can be a diagnostic challenge as clinical features are non-specific and imaging findings resemble other more common diagnoses such as tumours, haemorrhage or encephalitis from other causes. Here, we present the diagnostic imaging findings in this case and review the reported imaging findings in other cases throughout the literature.
Development of research governance awareness to support pre-hospital studies
Authors: Lawrence Janet , Byers Sonia , McClelland Graham , Price Christopher 
Published: March 2016

Background: Development of new evidence to support pre-hospital emergency care benefits both patients and practitioners. Clinical research must be conducted within a formal governance framework but it is challenging for paramedics to access traditional good clinical practice (GCP) training due to high service demands and some content is of little relevance to the pre-hospital setting. Objective: To establish the content and format of easily accessible research governance awareness training for use by paramedics and other members of the ambulance service as and when appropriate. Methods: A systematic literature review identified descriptions of pre-hospital research training. An online survey sought views about the formal research training undertaken by NHS paramedics and an expert consensus process confirmed the content of training materials. Results: Research governance training was rarely acknowledged in pre-hospital clinical trial literature and was recalled by only one in eight respondents who had assisted with clinical research. A pre-hospital orientated slide set and matching assessment questions were reviewed in two cycles by an expert panel to achieve a consensus on the content and format. Conclusions: Through a structured process of literature review, stakeholder engagement and expert consensus we have developed training and assessment materials which can be used flexibly to prepare paramedics and the wider ambulance workforce for safe hosting of low-risk research activities.
Factors associated with abnormal cardio-ankle vascular index in patients with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes
Authors: Sumin Aleksei N. , Bezdenezhnykh Natalya A. , Fedorova Natalya V. , Shcheglova Anna V. , Indukaeva Elena V. , Artamonova Galina V. 
Published: March 2016

Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with different responses to treatment with metformin (MF) in the Novosibirsk region. Materials and methods: We examined 460 patients with T2DM in the Novosibirsk region. Patients were divided into groups according to their HbA1c level: patients who achieved the target HbA1c level during MF therapy (n = 209) and those who did not reach the target HbA1c level (n=251). Genotyping of ATM (rs11212617) was performed using polymerase chain reaction by TaqMan. Results: Patients who achieved the target HbA1c level during MF treatment (good response) were older (61. 1±9. 1 years vs. 57. 4±8. 4 years, p=0. 001), had later onset of diabetes (54. 6 ± 10. 1 years vs. 49. 2±8. 5 years, p = 0. 0001) and shorter duration of diabetes (6. 5±5. 9 years vs. 8. 2±6. 1 years, p=0. 03) compared with those who did not achieve the target HbA1c level. There was no statistically significant association between ATM rs11212617 and achieving the target HbA1c level among all patients [odds ratio (OR)=0. 94, 95% confidence interval = (0. 73–1. 23), p=0. 67] or those with MF monotherapy [OR=0. 90, (0. 65–1. 25), p=0. 54] or combination therapy [OR=1. 02, (0. 72–1. 43), p=0. 92]. There was an effect of age on response to MF therapy in all three groups (all patients: p=0. 001, MF monotherapy group: p=0. 04, combination therapy group: p=0. 0009). In the MF monotherapy group, low dose MF was associated with a good response (p=0. 03), and in the combination therapy group, males were more likely to have a good response (p=0. 003). Patients with genotype C/C or A/C for ATM (rs11212617) compared with those with genotype A/A were more likely to have high levels of triglycerides [2. 33 (1. 52–4. 2) mmol/l, 2. 09 (1. 35–3. 0) mmol/l and 1. 99 (1. 49–3. 21) mmol/l, respectively, p=0. 001], coronary heart disease (CHD) (13. 4%, 13. 4% and 9. 6%, respectively, p=0. 009) and myocardial infarction (7. 8%, 3. 2% and 4. 0%, respectively, p=0. 001). Conclusion: Patients with T2DM who had a good response to MF therapy were older, more likely to be male and had a later onset of T2DM. Genotype C/C for ATM rs11212617 was associated with high triglycerides, CHD and myocardial infarction. ATM rs11212617 was not associated with response to MF therapy in the Novosibirsk region.
The association of TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus among Tatars of Bashkortostan
Authors: Avzaletdinova Diana S. , Sharipova Leisan F. , Kochetova Olga V. , Morugova Tatyana Vyacheslavovna , Erdman Vera V. , Somova Regina S. , Mustafina Olga E. 
Published: March 2016

Aim. To perform the analysis of the association of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene rs7903146 polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Tatars of Bashkortostan. Materials and methods. In this study, 169 patients with T2DM and 286 controls without clinical symptoms and laboratory signs of diabetes and without diabetes relatives were examined. Amplification of the DNA fragments was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and TaqMan technique. Results. Genotype CT and allele T ratios were higher in the T2DM group than in controls (46. 7% vs. 36. 4%, p = 0. 030; 41. 7% vs. 30. 8%, p = 0. 001 respectively). There was a positive association between allele T and T2DM (OR = 1. 61), and allele C had a protective effect (OR = 0. 62, p = 0,001). Carriers of the ТТ genotype had later onset of T2DM (mean = 59. 5 years old) compared with carriers of the CT and CC genotypes (56. 1 years old, p = 0. 044). Basal C-peptide concentration, lipid levels and body mass index were not associated with TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism. Conclusion. TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism is associated with T2DM among Tatars of Bashkortostan.
Detemir potential applications in the treatment of diabetes during pregnancy: proven benefits and perspectives
Authors: Ruyatkina Lyudmila A. , Sorokin Maksim Y. 
Published: March 2016

In recent years there is notable growing prevalence of gestational and overt diabetes in pregnant women while rate of obstetric complications, neonatal morbidity, perinatal mortality in women with diabetes is maintained at the high level as compared with common population. Furhermore no doubt that fetal programming and genetic factors induce the formation of various longterm complications in infants of diabetic mothers. There is a strong evidence that the risk of obstetric complications can be reduced by achieving adequate glycemic control, which is frequently still an elusive goal. Improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of the insulin analogs (including minimal action variability) allow to achieve a better glycemic control with lower risk of hypoglycemias compared to human insulin. The clinical benefits of detemir have been confirmed in clinical trials in pregnant women with diabetes. Detemir is the only long-acting insulin analog that has been evaluated in prospective studies in pregnant women and proved a satisfactory safety profile and the ability to achieve a lower level of fasting glycemia and advanced maturity of the fetus at delivery.
Validation of the Finnish diabetes risk score (FINDRISC) for the Caucasian population of Siberia
Authors: Mustafina Svetlana V. , Rymar Oksana D. , Sazonova Olga V. , Shcherbakova Liliya V. , Voevoda Michail I. 
Published: March 2016

Aim. A validation of the Finnish diabetes risk score (FINDRISC) was conducted among the Siberian population. FINDRISC was used to study the prevalence of risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to estimate the incidence of T2DM in high-risk groups during a 10-year observation period. Materials and methods. A total of 9,360 subjects aged between 45 and 69 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional, population-based study. FINDRISC was used to group 8,050 people without diabetes according to their risk for T2DM. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results. When a cutoff point of 11 was used to identify those with diabetes, sensitivity was 76. 0% and specificity was 60. 2%. The area under the receiver operating curve for diabetes was 0. 73 (0. 73 for men and 0. 70 for women). More than one-third (31. 7%) of the adult population of Novosibirsk was estimated to have medium, high or very high risk of developing T2DM in the next 10 years. Cases of T2DM estimated to occur during the 10 years of follow-up had significantly higher incidence of risk factors such as BMI ≥30 kg/m2, waist circumference 102 cm in men and 88 cm in women and a family history of T2DM and were more likely to take drugs to lower blood pressure. Conclusion. FINDRISC provided good results in our sample, and we recommend its use in the Siberian population.
Design and statistical optimization of an effervescent floating drug delivery system of theophylline using response surface methodology
Authors: Srikanth Meka Venkata , Ee Li Chew , Sheshala Ravi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The aim of this research was to formulate effervescent floating drug delivery systems of theophylline using different release retarding polymers such as ethyl cellulose, Eudragit® L100, xanthan gum and polyethylene oxide (PEO) N12K. Sodium bicarbonate was used as a gas generating agent. Direct compression was used to formulate floating tablets and the tablets were evaluated for their physicochemical and dissolution characteristics. PEO based formulations produced better drug release properties than other formulations. Hence, it was further optimized by central composite design. Further subjects of research were the effect of formulation variables on floating lag time and the percentage of drug released at the seventh hour (D

7h). The optimum quantities of PEO and sodium bicarbonate, which had the highest desirability close to 1.0, were chosen as the statistically optimized formulation. No interaction was found between theophylline and PEO by Fourier Transformation Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies.
Microscopic methods in analysis of submicron phospholipid dispersions
Authors: Płaczek Marcin , Kosela Magdalena 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Microscopy belongs to the group of tests, used in pharmaceutical technology, that despite the lapse of time and the development of new analytical methods, still remain irreplaceable for the characterization of dispersed drug dosage forms (e.g., suspensions and emulsions). To obtain complete description of a specific drug formulation, such as parenteral colloidal products, a combination of different microscopic techniques is sometimes required. Electron microscopy methods are the most useful ones; however, even such basic methods as optical microscopy may be helpful for determination of some properties of a sample. The publication explicates the most popular microscopical techniques used nowadays for characterization of the morphology of nanoparticles suspended in pharmaceutical formulations; ad vantages and disadvantages of these methods are also discussed. Parenteral submicron formulations containing lecithin or a particular phospholipid were chosen as examples.
Simultaneous quantitative analysis of olmesartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide in their combined dosage form utilizing classical and alternating least squares based chemometric methods
Authors: Darwish Hany W. , Bakheit Ahmed H. , Abdelhameed Ali S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Simultaneous spectrophotometric analysis of a multi-component dosage form of olmesartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide used for the treatment of hypertension has been carried out using various chemometric methods. Multivariate calibration methods include classical least squares (CLS) executed by net analyte processing (NAP-CLS), orthogonal signal correction (OSC-CLS) and direct orthogonal signal correction (DOSC-CLS) in addition to multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). Results demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed methods as quantitative tools of analysis as well as their qualitative capability. The three analytes were determined precisely using the aforementioned methods in an external data set and in a dosage form after optimization of experimental conditions. Finally, the efficiency of the models was validated via comparison with the partial least squares (PLS) method in terms of accuracy and precision.
Physicochemical characterization and dissolution studies of acyclovir solid dispersions with Pluronic F127 prepared by the kneading method
Authors: Karolewicz Bożena , Nartowski Karol , Pluta Janusz , Górniak Agata 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The dissolution rate of anhydrous acyclovir was improved by the preparation of physical mixtures and solid dispersions with the non-ionic polymer Pluronic F127 using the kneading method at different drug-to-polymer ratios. The obtained physical mixtures and solid dispersions were examined in terms of drug content and possible physical and chemical interactions between the drug and polymer using FTIR spectral studies, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The dissolution rate of acyclovir was determined using the rotating disk method. It was found that the minimal content of the polymer within the mixtures needed to increase the dissolution rate of the drug was 50 %.
Effect of quercetin on the transport of ritonavir to the central nervous system in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liang Gongwen , Li Na , Ma Liping , Qian Zhonglian , Sun Yuwen , Shi Luwen , Zhao Libo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify an effective flavonoid that could improve the intracellular accumulation of ritonavir in human brain-microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). An in vivo experiment on Sprague-Dawley rats was then designed to further determine the flavonoid’s impact on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of ritonavir. In the accumulation assay, the intracellular leve l of ritonavir was increased in the presence of 25 mmol L−1 of flavonoids in HBMECs. Quercetin showed the strongest effect by improving the intracellular accumulation of ritonavir by 76.9 %. In the pharmacokinetic study, the presence of quercetin in the co-administration group and in the pretreatment group significantly decreased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC
0–t) of ritonavir by 42.2 % (p < 0.05) and 53.5 % (p < 0.01), and decreased the peak plasma concentration (c
max) of ritonavir by 23.1 % (p < 0.05) and 45.8 % (p < 0.01), respectively, compared to the control group (ritonavir alone). In the tissue distribution study, the ritonavir concentration in the brain was significantly increased 2-fold (p < 0.01), during the absorption phase (1 h) and was still significantly higher (p < 0.05) during the distribution phase (6 h) in the presence of quercetin.
Comparison of the Two-Hemisphere Model-Driven Approach to Other Methods for Model-Driven Software Development
Authors: Nikiforova Oksana , Kozacenko Ludmila , Ahilcenoka Dace , Gusarovs Konstantins , Ungurs Dainis , Jukss Maris 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Models are widely used not only in computer science field, but also in other fields. They are an effective way to show relevant information in a convenient way. Model-driven software development uses models and transformations as first-class citizens. That makes software development phases more related to each other, those links later help to make changes or modify software product more freely. At the moment there are a lot of methods and techniques to create those models and transform them into each other. Since 2004, authors have been developing the so called 2HMD approach to bridge the gap between problem domain and software components by using models and model transformation. The goal of this research is to compare different methods positioned for performing the same tasks as the 2HMD approach and to understand the state of the art in the area of model-driven software development.
A Prototype of Description Language for the Two-Hemisphere Model
Authors: Gusarovs Konstantins , Nikiforova Oksana , Jukss Maris 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Nowadays, it is a modern trend to develop a CASE tool for system modelling with an ability to transform models defined in different notations and also to generate a program code. However development of such a tool often involves experimentation with transformation algorithms that may require changes to the source model structure. Since CASE tools are basically used to represent a model in diagram’s form, implementing experimental changes in a modelling tool can require additional effort. In order to solve this problem, authors propose a way of describing the two-hemisphere model using Domain Specific Language. This paper covers the language’s syntax as well as provides an example of the two-hemisphere model defined with its help.
Evaluation of the Agility Level of the Organization
Authors: Linkevics Gusts , Sukovskis Uldis 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Organizations and teams are switching to agile methodology more and more often. The problem lies in the fact that organizations and teams are not certain at which agility level they currently are and at which agility domains they fail. This research focuses on creating a new method and tool for evaluation of the agility level of the company. The proposed method is based on the agility model of the company with agility domains, subdomains and attributes. Expert evaluation of domains, subdomains and attributes is the core of this method. The result of this research is the agility assessment method and blueprint of the architecture for the agility evaluation tool.
Accelerated Determination of Fatigue Limit and S-N Curve by Means of Thermographic Method for X5CrNi18-10 Steel
Authors: Lipski Adam 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A new thermographic method that enables simultaneous accelerated determination of the fatigue limit and the S-N curve was presented in this paper. The fatigue limit determination method was based on a constant rate of temperature rise occurring in second phase of the specimen fatigue life. The S-N curve determination method was based on energetic parameter with assumption of its dependency on the stress amplitude. The tests made on X5CrNi18-10 steel under reversed bending revealed that the fatigue limit value obtained from accelerated thermographic tests as compared to the value obtained from full test differs by 5.0 %. The S-N curve obtained by accelerated thermographic method fits inside 95 % confidence interval for the S-N curve obtained from full test.
A Ground Control Station for the UAV Flight Simulator
Authors: Romaniuk Sławomir , Gosiewski Zdzisław , Ambroziak Leszek 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In the paper implementation of a ground control station for UAV flight simulator is shown. The ground control station software is in cooperation with flight simulator, displaying various aircraft flight parameters. The software is programmed in C++ language and utilizes the windows forms for implementing graphical content. One of the main aims of the design of the application was to simplify the interface, simultaneously maintaining the functionality and the eligibility. A mission can be planned and monitored using the implemented map control supported by waypoint list.
Methodology of Creation the Simulation Basin based on the Projected Canal through the Vistula Spit
Authors: Zwolan Piotr , Czaplewski Krzysztof 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The biggest problem in the process of implementation of the new sea areas project or aids to navigation systems is to check the assumptions without compromising security on real waters. Today, digital models are available for easy and inexpensive replacement of the research methods used so far. For this purpose the navigational and maneuvering simulators are perfect.
Simulators as a research tools allow you to define a more realistic and accurate data for the study and evaluation sea areas. The purpose of the simulation is to identify and reduce the risk for seafarers during navigation on the waterways, canals and port areas. These include quantitative and qualitative assessment of the canals and fairways construction. The main requirement for a simulation system is to have a multi-task simulation software, which includes effective tools for repositioning and designing safe waterways and port infrastructure.
The Institute of Navigation and Maritime Hydrography of the Polish Naval Academy since the eighties of the twentieth century is carried out projects in the field of navigational and hydrographic support of human activities at sea. This is possible thanks to the extensive set of simulation tools. Planning this tasks in a simulators software environment allow not only to design of virtual counterparts of real sea areas, but also to evaluate the quality of manufactured parts before their actual exposure to sea areas.