bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intonation in Palenquero Creole and Palenquero Spanish (Colombia)
Authors: Correa José Alejandro 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper compares the intonation of declarative utterances in Palenquero Creole and Palenquero Spanish (a local variety locally called Kateyano). A corpus of spontaneous speech is analyzed to describe the basic intonational contours of these two languages. The discussion pays special attention to four topics: (1) intonational correlates of narrow focus, (2) intonational phrases without downstep, (3) final downstepping, and (4) vowel lengthening of phrase-final words with penultimate stress (penultimate lengthening). The data show that there are no significant phonological differences between these two languages. However, when speakers use Kateyano, the intonational contours tend to be neutral (e.g., with a high plateau in declaratives) more often than when they speak Creole. From a phonological point of view, the intonation of Palenquero Creole and Palenquero Spanish (Kateyano) is very simple: they exhibit a monotonal pitch accent H* that can be produced with upstep (¡H*) or downstep (!H*), and a bitonal pitch accent L+H*, commonly used in narrow focus statements. At the end of intonational units, there are two possible boundary tones: L% and H%.
Palenques: Maroons and Castas in Colombia’s Caribbean Regions
Authors: Navarrete María Cristina 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Basing itself on source materials obtained at the National Historical Archive of Madrid (Archivo Histórico Nacional) and the General Archive of the Indies (Archivo General de Indias) in Seville, Spain, this article examines the social relationships that peoples of African descent held in palenques (maroon communities) located in coastal Caribbean regions of Colombia, especially those of the province of Cartagena. The period examined principally covers the end of the 16th century and all of the 17th century. The most important palenques discussed are Limón (also known as Limonar), Matudere (also called El Tabacal), La Magdalena, San Miguel Arcángel (later renamed San Basilio de Palenque), and one additional palenque located in the Usiacurí district. This study takes the point of view that slaves were historical agents and active creators of culture, in spite of the fact that they were subjected to forced manual labor. Some slaves never accepted their status and courageously fled from their owners. Living in fortified establishments known as palenques, these maroons interacted with the Indians living in nearby communities or on haciendas. Such social relationships at times led to peaceful interactions and commercial exchanges; at other times, they ended in aggression and violence. Palenques were heterogeneous communities, composed of maroons born in various parts of Africa or in the New World. Those born in a palenque came to be known as criollos de la montaña or criollos del monte (lit. ‘Creoles of the mountains’ or ‘Creoles of the hills, Creoles of the hinterland’).” The inhabitants of these palenques exhibited individual cultural and ethnic traits, as African- and American-born individuals differed from each other in significant ways.
Orality and writing in the historiography of Afro-descendant slaves
Authors: Helg Aline 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article first compares the historiography of slavery in the United States to that of Latin America, and then examines historians’ recent accomplishments in their attempt to rescue the voices of slaves from mostly illiterate communities of colonial Iberian America. The study concludes by focusing on the author’s research on slave resistance in the Caribbean region of Cartagena, Colombia.
Conceptualizing learner characteristics in a complex, dynamic world
Authors: Dörnyei Zoltán 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The complex dynamic systems turn in second language acquisition has raised several fundamental challenges to studying learner characteristics, because a systemic perception of mental functioning that is characterized by nonlinear relations undermines the traditional theoretical basis of individual differences as distinct and stable learner attributes. This being the case, how can we account for the widely observed learner differences? Based on McAdams and Pals’ (2006) personality construct, this chapter outlines a new, multi-layered model of learner characteristics which consists of a three-tiered framework: dispositional traits, characteristic adaptations, and integrative life narratives. The three levels of the construct treat learner variation in rather different ways, which is consistent with the intuitive belief that certain personality aspects are more entrenched than others. After describing the proposed framework, the chapter draws on anxiety research to illustrate the three types of system components and how they are compatible with the principles of Complexity Theory.
Complex Dynamic Systems Theory and L2 pedagogy
Authors: Verspoor Marjolijn 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
If we assume that language is a complex adaptive system, the learner is a complex adaptive system, and the teaching and learning is a dynamic process – in which all relevant cognitive, physical, and social systems interact over time – then we must attend to all these systems and their relevant sub-systems when we evaluate existing or newly created pedagogical models. Even though details may have changed over the last two decades since Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST) was introduced in SLA, the approach has implicitly or explicitly always viewed language itself as form-meaning-use mappings at all levels, and language learning and language teaching as dynamic processes. In this chapter I reflect on the main insights offered by CDST on L2 teaching and explore explicitly the links to Complexity and Dynamic Systems Theory, ending with a list of practical implications for good practices in language classrooms.
Language destabilization and (re-)learning from a Complexity Theory perspective
Authors: Opitz Conny 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The growing interest in Complexity Theory (CT) within second language acquisition has refocused our attention on development and change, as exemplified by the non-linear processes of language destabilization and (re-)learning in multilingual systems. It is clear that this theoretical perspective has important implications for empirical research from design to analysis and interpretation. In this chapter, I take a first step towards applying the theoretical apparatus of CT to findings obtained in four different studies of multilingual development. I show how the findings can be interpreted using CT as a post-hoc theoretical prism and, in turn, how the findings support and explicate CT claims. The four studies involved multilingual adult second-language learners and users in Ireland and were designed to address different timescales ranging from weeks to years, and time windows from one year to decades. Thus, the study goes some way towards de Bot’s (2012, 2015) suggestion to investigate complex dynamic systems by focusing on adjacent timescales. Although the studies differ in their purpose and design, they partially overlap in methodology and analysis, and exemplify how, through convergence of methodological and analytical procedures, one may generalise from the particular.
Evaluation of the Effects of Marking Pacific Lamprey Ammocoetes with Visual Implant Elastomer, Coded Wire Tags, and Passive Integrated Transponders
Authors: Hanson Kyle C. , Barron James M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPopulations of Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus have declined in multiple portions of the Columbia River basin and some Pacific coastal rivers due to a variety of factors. Given the ecological and cultural significance of the species, federal, state, and tribal resource managers have increased conservation efforts, though a lack of basic information about the biology of wild lampreys hinders some of these actions. Multiple tagging technologies have been used to mark migrating metamorphosed juvenile lampreys for research, but these methods have not been experimentally tested for use on the smaller ammocoete stage. Lamprey ammocoetes (total length range = 29–83 mm) were assigned to groups marked with three common tags (visible implant elastomer [VIE], coded wire tags [CWT], and passive integrated transponders [PIT]) or to untagged controls, and mortality and tag retention were monitored. Growth and burrowing ability were also measured to determine the potential for sublethal effects of tagging. At the end of the 137‐d study, no mortality was measured in the VIE group and tag retention was 100%. Fish in the CWT group also exhibited no mortality, though tag retention was 64%. Fish in both of these groups did not exhibit any differences in growth or burrowing performance when compared with controls. The PIT group was the only group to experience mortality at a rate of 62.5%. While the larger fish within the PIT group displayed higher survival, the smallest fish that survived PIT implantation was 70 mm. Tag retention was 89% for surviving lampreys in the PIT group. All three techniques were successfully used to mark small ammocoetes, though researchers should carefully consider the benefits and potential effects on animal behavior when choosing which method to use.Received September 29, 2016; accepted January 31, 2017 Published online May 1, 2017
Bioenergetics of Brown Bullhead in a Changing Climate
Authors: Hartman Kyle J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBrown Bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus is a benthic‐oriented warmwater fish species distributed throughout the eastern United States and southeastern Canada, but widely released elsewhere. This study developed and validated a bioenergetics model for Brown Bullhead in the laboratory and then applied the model to evaluate potential changes in growth and distribution associated with climate change. The model performed very well in laboratory validations at two temperatures and two ration levels—within 4% between observed and predicted values. Modeling of a 4°C increase in water temperatures due to climate warming suggested increases in growth in the northern parts of the species’ natural range and declines or extirpation in the south. In addition to distribution shifts, the warmer temperatures could increase biometabolism of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or bioaccumulation at local scales that may lead to changes in population structure or consumption advisories of Brown Bullhead.Received October 27, 2016; accepted February 2, 2017 Published online May 1, 2017
Condition Indices as Surrogates of Energy Density and Lipid Content in Juveniles of Three Fish Species
Authors: Schloesser Ryan W. , Fabrizio Mary C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo guide the selection of condition indices for juvenile fishes, we compared the ability of several indirect condition indices (those based on length–mass relationships, the hepatosomatic index, and relative lipid estimates from the Distell fish fatmeter) to assess energy density and lipid content of Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus, Striped Bass Morone saxatilis, and Atlantic Croakers Micropogonias undulatus. These species use estuarine areas as nurseries, but they have different life history strategies and ecological niches that affect their energy storage strategies. We tested hypotheses that differences in the distribution and role of lipids as energy stores among species would influence the suitability of condition indices for estimating energy and lipid content. Length‐based indices were most suitable for estimating energy and lipid content of juvenile Summer Flounder and Striped Bass, suggesting that length‐based indices may be appropriate for juveniles that store energy as proteins (i.e., juveniles with low lipid content). The fatmeter suitably predicted energy and lipid content of Atlantic Croakers, indicating its potential for assessing condition of juveniles that store lipids for migration and that display a high range of observed lipid content. Even though a small size range was examined, fish length improved predictions of energy and lipid content for some of the indirect condition indices for Atlantic Croakers and Summer Flounder, suggesting that fish length should be considered when developing relationships among measures of condition. The selection of condition indices should be tailored to the life stage and species of interest based on the energy and lipid storage strategies used by the fish.Received January 24, 2017; accepted April 24, 2017 Published online August 2, 2017
Rapid DNA Re-Identification for Cell Line Authentication and Forensics
Authors: Zaaijer Sophie , Gordon Assaf , Speyer Daniel , Piccone Robert , Erlich Yaniv 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDNA re-identification is used for a broad range of applications, ranging from cell line authentication to crime scene sample identification. However, current re-identification schemes suffer from high latency. Here, we describe a rapid, inexpensive, and portable strategy to re-identify human DNA called MinION sketching. Using data from Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ sequencer, MinION sketching requires only 3min of sequencing and ∼91 random SNPs to identify a sample, enabling near real-time applications of DNA re-identification. This method capitalizes on the vastly growing availability of genomic reference data for individuals and cancer cell lines. Hands-on preparation of the samples can be reduced to <1 hour. This empowers the application of MinION sketching in research settings for routine cell line authentication or in forensics.Software is available athttps://github.com/TeamErlich/personal-identification-pipeline
Oblique light-sheet tomography: fast and high resolution volumetric imaging of mouse brains
Authors: Narasimhan Arun , Venkataraju Kannan Umadevi , Mizrachi Judith , Albeanu Dinu F. , Osten Pavel 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTPresent light sheet fluorescence microscopes lack the wherewithal to image the whole brain (large tissues) with uniform illumination/detection parameters and high enough resolution to provide an understanding of the various aspects of neuroanatomy. To overcome this, we developed an oblique version of the light sheet microscope (Oblique Light Sheet Tomography, OLST) that includes a high magnification objective and serial sectioning, for volumetric imaging of the whole mouse brain at high spatial resolution at constant illumination/detection. We developed a novel gelatin based re-embedding procedure that makes the cleared brain rigid so that it can sectioned using our integrated microtome. Here, we characterize OLST and show that it can be used to observe dendritic morphology, spines and follow axons over a few mm in the mouse brain.
Transcription factors orchestrate dynamic interplay between genome topology and gene regulation during cell reprogramming
Authors: Stadhouders Ralph , Vidal Enrique , Serra François , Stefano Bruno Di , Le Dily François , Quilez Javier , Gomez Antonio , Collombet Samuel , Berenguer Clara , Cuartero Yasmina , Hecht Jochen , Filion Guillaume , Beato Miguel , Marti-Renom Marc A. , Graf Thomas 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTChromosomal architecture is known to influence gene expression, yet its role in controlling cell fate remains poorly understood. Reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells by the transcription factors (TFs) Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc offers an opportunity to address this question but is severely limited by the low proportion of responding cells. We recently developed a highly efficient reprogramming protocol that synchronously converts somatic into pluripotent stem cells. Here, we employ this system to integrate time-resolved changes in genome topology with gene expression, TF binding and chromatin state dynamics. This revealed that TFs drive topological genome reorganization at multiple architectural levels, which often precedes changes in gene expression. Removal of locus-specific topological barriers can explain why pluripotency genes are activated sequentially, instead of simultaneously, during reprogramming. Taken together, our study implicates genome topology as an instructive force for implementing transcriptional programs and cell fate in mammals.
Comparative genomics of two sequentialCandida glabrataclinical isolates
Authors: Vale-Silva Luis , Beaudoing Emmanuel , Tran Van Du T. , Sanglard Dominique 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCandida glabratais an important fungal pathogen which develops rapidly antifungal resistance in treated patients. It is known that azole treatments lead to antifungal resistance in this fungal species and that multidrug efflux transporters are involved in this process. Specific mutations in the transcriptional regulatorPDR1result in upregulation of the transporters. In addition, we showed that thePDR1mutations can contribute to enhance virulence in animal models. We were interested in this study to compare genomes of two specificC. glabratarelated isolates, one of which was azole-susceptible (DSY562) while the other was azole-resistant (DSY565). DSY565 contained aPDR1mutation (L280F) and was isolated after a time lapse of 50 days of azole therapy. We expected that genome comparisons between both isolates could reveal additional mutations reflecting host adaptation or even additional resistance mechanisms. The PacbBio technology used here yielded 14 major contigs (sizes 0.18 Mb-1.6 Mb) and mitochondrial genomes from both DSY562 and DSY565 isolates that were highly similar to each other. Comparisons of the clinical genomes with the published CBS138 genome indicated important genome rearrangements, but not between the clinical strains. Among unique features, several retrotransposons were identified in the genomes of the investigated clinical isolates. DSY562 and DSY565 contained each a large set of adhesin-like genes (101 and 107, respectively), which exceed by far the number of reported adhesins (66) in the CBS138 genome. Comparison between DSY562 and DSY565 yielded 17 non-synonymous SNPs (among which the expectedPDR1mutation) as well as small size indels in coding regions (11) but mainly in adhesin-like genes. The genomes were containing a DNA mismatch repair allele ofMSH2known to be involved in the so-called hypermutator phenotype of this yeast species and the number of accumulated mutations between both clinical isolates is consistent with the presence of aMSH2defect. In conclusion, this study is the first to compare genomes ofC. glabratasequential clinical isolates using the PacBio technology as an approach. The genomes of these isolates taken in the same patient at two different time points were exhibiting limited variations, even if submitted to the host pressure.
Meiotic Genes in Colpodean Ciliates Support Secretive Sexuality
Authors: Dunthorn Micah , Zufall Rebecca A. , Chi Jingyun , Paszkiewicz Konrad , Moore Karen , Mahé Frédéric 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTColpodean ciliates potentially pose a problem to macro-organismic theories of evolution: they are putatively asexual and extremely ancient, and yet there is one apparently derived sexual species. If macro-organismic theories of evolution also broadly apply to microbial eukaryotes, though, then most or all of the colpodean ciliates should merely be secretively sexual. Here we show using de novo genome sequencing, that colpodean ciliates have the meiotic genes required for sex and these genes are under functional constraint. Along with these genomic data, we argue that these ciliates are sexual given the cytological observations of both micronuclei and macronuclei within their cells, and the behavioral observations of brief fusions as if the cells were mating. The challenge that colpodean ciliates pose is therefore not to evolutionary theory, but to our ability to induce microbial eukaryotic sex in the laboratory.Contact:dunthorn@rhrk.uni-kl.de
The interpretation of the generalised derivative operator
Authors: Cooper G.R.J. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe Generalised Derivative Operator is an image‐processing tool for the enhancement of potential field data. It produces an amplitude‐balanced image of the derivative of a potential field in any direction in three‐dimensional space. This paper shows how, by using the correct inclination angle ϕ, the Generalised Derivative Operator can be used to produce images where its maxima/minima lie directly over dipping contacts and thin dykes with arbitrary magnetisation vectors. The dip of contacts and dykes can be found by varying ϕ until a symmetrical result is obtained (in the absence of unknown remanent magnetisation). Furthermore, the width of the peak of the Generalised Derivative Operator can then be used to determine the depth of the contact or dyke.
Rumination, event centrality, and perceived control as predictors of post‐traumatic growth and distress: The Cognitive Growth and Stress model
Authors: Brooks Matthew , Graham‐Kevan Nicola , Lowe Michelle , Robinson Sarita 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThe Cognitive Growth and Stress (CGAS) model draws together cognitive processing factors previously untested into a single model. Intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, present and future perceptions of control, and event centrality were assessed as predictors of post‐traumatic growth (PTG) and post‐traumatic stress (PTS).MethodThe CGAS model is tested on a sample of survivors (N = 250) of a diverse range of adverse events using structural equation modelling techniques.ResultsOverall, the best fitting model was supportive of the theorized relations between cognitive constructs and accounted for 30% of the variance in PTG and 68% of the variance in PTS across the sample.ConclusionsRumination, centrality, and perceived control factors are significant determinants of positive and negative psychological change across the wide spectrum of adversarial events. In its first phase of development, the CGAS model also provides further evidence of the distinct processes of growth and distress following adversity.Practitioner points

Clinical implications

People can experience positive change after adversity, regardless of life background or types of events experienced.

While growth and distress are possible outcomes after adversity, they occur through distinct processes.

Support or intervention should consider rumination, event centrality, and perceived control factors to enhance psychological well‐being.

Cautions/limitations

Longitudinal research would further clarify the findings found in this study.

Further extension of the model is recommended to include other viable cognitive processes implicated in the development of positive and negative changes after adversity.
Reliability and validity of advanced theory‐of‐mind measures in middle childhood and adolescence
Authors: Hayward Elizabeth O. , Homer Bruce D. 
Published: May 2017

Although theory‐of‐mind (ToM) development is well documented for early childhood, there is increasing research investigating changes in ToM reasoning in middle childhood and adolescence. However, the psychometric properties of most advanced ToM measures for use with older children and adolescents have not been firmly established. We report on the reliability and validity of widely used, conventional measures of advanced ToM with this age group. Notable issues with both reliability and validity of several of the measures were evident in the findings. With regard to construct validity, results do not reveal a clear empirical commonality between tasks, and, after accounting for comprehension, developmental trends were evident in only one of the tasks investigated.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Second‐order false belief tasks have acceptable internal consistency.

The Eyes Test has poor internal consistency.

Validity of advanced theory‐of‐mind tasks is often based on the ability to distinguish clinical from typical groups.

What does this study add?

This study examines internal consistency across six widely used advanced theory‐of‐mind tasks.

It investigates validity of tasks based on comprehension of items by typically developing individuals.

It further assesses construct validity, or commonality between tasks.