bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clusters of megaearthquakes on upper plate faults control the Eastern Mediterranean hazard
Authors: Mouslopoulou Vasiliki , Nicol Andrew , Begg John , Oncken Onno , Moreno Marcos 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Hellenic subduction margin in the Eastern Mediterranean has generated devastating historical earthquakes and tsunamis with poorly known recurrence intervals. Here stranded paleoshorelines indicate strong uplift transients (0–7 mm/yr) along the island of Crete during the last ~50 kyr due to earthquake clustering. We identify the highest uplift rates in western Crete since the demise of the Minoan civilization and along the entire island between ~10 and 20 kyr B.P., with the absence of uplifted Late Holocene paleoshorelines in the east being due to seismic quiescence. Numerical models show that uplift along the Hellenic margin is primarily achieved by great earthquakes on major reverse faults in the upper plate with little contribution from plate‐interface slip. These earthquakes were strongly clustered with recurrence intervals ranging from hundreds to thousands of years and primarily being achieved by fault interactions. Future great earthquakes will rupture seismically quiet areas in eastern Crete, elevating both seismic and tsunami hazards.
Temporal and vertical distributions of anthropogenic 236U in the Japan Sea using a coral core and seawater samples
Authors: Sakaguchi Aya , Nomura Tomoya , Steier Peter , Golser Robin , Sasaki Keiichi , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Nakakuki Tomoeki , Takahashi Yoshio , Yamano Hiroya 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe input history of 236U to the surface water of the Japan Sea was reconstructed through measurement of the 236U/238U atom ratio in annual bands of a coral skeleton which was collected at Iki Island in the Tsushima Strait, the main entrance to the Japan Sea. The 236U/238U atom ratios and concentrations of U isotopes were measured for the period 1935–2010 using AMS and ICP‐MS. The 236U/238U atom ratios revealed three prominent peaks: 4.51 × 10−9 in 1955, 6.15 × 10−9 in 1959 and 4.14 × 10−9 in 1963; thereafter the isotope ratios gradually decreased over the next several decades, attaining a value of ca.1.3 × 10−9 for the present day. A simplified depth profile model for 236U in the Japan Sea, using the reconstructed 236U value for the surface water together with observed depth profiles for 236U in the water column in 2010, yielded diffusion coefficients of 3.4–5.6 cm2/s for 6 sampling points. The diffusion coefficient values obtained for the northern stations were relatively large, and fitting uncertainty was also larger for stations in the northern region. It may be presumed that the distribution of 236U in the water columns have been influenced not only by diffusion but also by subduction of the surface water in the Japan Sea.
“Prophetic vision, vivid imagination”: The 1927 Mississippi River flood
Authors: Smith James A. , Baeck Mary Lynn 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe 1927 flood in the Lower Mississippi River was the most destructive flood in American history, inundating more than 70,000 km2 of land, resulting in approximately 500 fatalities and leaving more than 700,000 people homeless. Despite the prominence of the 1927 flood, details on the flood, and the storms that produced the flood, are sparse. We examine the hydrometeorology and hydroclimatology of the 1927 flood in the Lower Mississippi River through downscaling simulations of the storms that were responsible for catastrophic flooding and through empirical analyses of rainfall and streamflow records. We use Twentieth Century Reanalysis fields as boundary conditions and initial conditions for downscaling simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. We place the hydrometeorological analyses of the 1927 storms in a hydroclimatological context through analyses of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis fields. Analyses are designed to assess the physical processes that control the upper tail of flooding in the Lower Mississippi River. We compare the 1927 flood in the Lower Mississippi River to floods in 1937 and 2011 that represent the most extreme flooding in the Lower Mississippi River.
Environmental Risk Factors and Early‐Life Exposures in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Shenoi S. , Shaffer M. L. , Wallace C. A. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by chronic arthritis in children with unknown etiology. Although research evaluating environmental or early‐life exposures in JIA is scarce, there are data to suggest that infections, smoking exposure, and lack of breastfeeding play a role. This case–control study investigated the association of selected environmental and early‐life risk factors with the development of JIA.MethodsJIA cases were identified at a major pediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic. Each case was asked to identify up to 3 healthy playmates of similar age and same sex to serve as controls. Parents/caregivers of cases and controls completed a questionnaire on selected environmental and early‐life exposures. Conditional logistic regression adjusted for age and socioeconomic status was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) for developing JIA with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the playmate‐matched design.ResultsIncluded in the study were 225 JIA cases and 138 controls. Compared to playmate‐matched controls, preterm delivery (OR 1.8 [95% CI 1.2–2.7]) was associated with JIA. There was no association between JIA and household smoking or maternal prenatal smoking, breastfeeding, hospitalization with infection in the first year of life, daycare attendance before 6 years of age, household pets, or residential area prior to the onset of JIA.ConclusionThere was no association between the previously reported risk factors of smoking, early‐life infection, or breastfeeding and development of JIA in this study. The association of preterm delivery with JIA needs to be further studied.
Conferring Phosphorogenic Properties on Iridium(III)‐Based Bioorthogonal Probes through Modification with a Nitrone Unit
Authors: Lee Lawrence Cho‐Cheung , Lau Jonathan Chun‐Wai , Liu Hua‐Wei , Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe use of bioorthogonal probes that display fluorogenic or phosphorogenic properties is advantageous to the labeling and imaging of biomolecules in live cells and organisms. Herein we present the design of three iridium(III) complexes containing a nitrone moiety as novel phosphorogenic bioorthogonal probes. These probes were non‐emissive owing to isomerization of the C=N group but showed significant emission enhancement upon cycloaddition reaction with strained cyclooctynes. Interestingly, the connection of the nitrone ligand to the cationic iridium(III) center led to accelerated reaction kinetics. These nitrone complexes were also identified as phosphorogenic bioorthogonal labels and imaging reagents for cyclooctyne‐modified proteins. These findings contribute to the development of phosphorogenic bioorthogonal probes and imaging reagents.
Enhancing Energetic Properties and Sensitivity by Incorporating Amino and Nitramino Groups into a 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole Building Block
Authors: Tang Yongxing , Gao Haixiang , Mitchell Lauren A. , Parrish Damon A. , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA single nitrogen‐rich heterocyclic ring with many energetic groups is expected to exhibit excellent detonation performance. We report an effective approach for the synthesis of 3‐amino‐5‐nitramino‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole, which has nitramino and amino groups in the same building block. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure shows layered hydrogen‐bonding pairs as well as the presence of a water molecule which ensure insensitivity. Through incorporation of a cation, the hydrazinium or hydroxylammonium salts exhibit good energetic performance and acceptable sensitivities.
Synthesis, characterization and, swelling behavior of semi‐IPN nanocomposite hydrogels of alginate with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) crosslinked by nanoclay
Authors: Calik Meltem Kasapoglu , Ozdemir Murat 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTpH and temperature responsive nanocomposite hydrogels were synthesized with sodium alginate (NaAlg), N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), and nanoclay. The structure, morphology, thermal behavior, and swelling and deswelling behaviors of the hydrogels were studied. The NaAlgm/PNIPA/Clayn hydrogels revealed a highly porous structure in which the pore sizes decreased and the amount of pores increased with increasing the nanoclay content in the hydrogels. PNIPA retained its own characteristics regardless of the amount of NaAlg and nanoclay. The effect of pH and nanoclay content on the swelling and effect of temperature on the deswelling behavior were investigated. The equilibrium swelling ratios of the nanocomposite hydrogels increased with increasing the pH from 2 to 6. The maximum swelling was attained at pH 6. Deswelling increased with increasing the nanoclay content in the hydrogels. The hydrogels were found to be pH and temperature responsive. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43222.
Influences of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the East Asian Summer Monsoon in non‐ENSO years
Authors: Dong Xiao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe impact of different phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on East Asia summer monsoon and related precipitation in non‐ENSO (El Niño‐Southern Oscillation) years is examined in this article. Associated with the large‐scale sea surface temperature and circulation change, anomalous summer (JJA mean) precipitation in East China shows tripolar pattern, with increased (decreased) precipitation in the Yangtze‐River Valley (North and South China) in positive PDO phase without ENSO. Besides, the western Pacific subtropical high exhibits expansion and westward shift in positive PDO phase along with significantly different sub‐seasonal variation.
Depletion interactions and modulation of DNA‐intercalators binding: Opposite behavior of the “neutral” polymer poly(ethylene‐glycol)
Authors: Crisafuli F. A. P. , da Silva L. H. M. , Ferreira G. M. D. , Ramos E. B. , Rocha M. S. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work we have investigated the role of high molecular weight poly(ethylene‐glycol) 8000 (PEG 8000) in modulating the interactions of the DNA molecule with two hydrophobic compounds: Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) and GelRed (GR). Both compounds are DNA intercalators and are used here to mimic the behavior of more complex DNA ligands such as chemotherapeutic drugs and proteins whose domains intercalate DNA. By means of single‐molecule stretching experiments, we have been able to show that PEG 8000 strongly shifts the binding equilibrium between the intercalators and the DNA even at very low concentrations (1% in mass). Additionally, microcalorimetry experiments were performed to estimate the strength of the interaction between PEG and the DNA ligands. Our results suggest that PEG, depending on the system under study, may act as an “inert polymer” with no enthalpic contribution in some processes but, on the other hand, it may as well be an active (non‐neutral) osmolyte in the context of modulating the activity of the reactants and products involved in DNA‐ligand interactions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 227–233, 2016.
Development and validation of a new dynamic computer‐controlled model of the human stomach and small intestine
Authors: Guerra Aurélie , Denis Sylvain , le Goff Olivier , Sicardi Vincent , François Olivier , Yao Anne‐Françoise , Garrait Ghislain , Manzi Aimé Pacifique , Beyssac Eric , Alric Monique , Blanquet‐Diot Stéphanie 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTFor ethical, regulatory, and economic reasons, in vitro human digestion models are increasingly used as an alternative to in vivo assays. This study aims to present the new Engineered Stomach and small INtestine (ESIN) model and its validation for pharmaceutical applications. This dynamic computer‐controlled system reproduces, according to in vivo data, the complex physiology of the human stomach and small intestine, including pH, transit times, chyme mixing, digestive secretions, and passive absorption of digestion products. Its innovative design allows a progressive meal intake and the differential gastric emptying of solids and liquids. The pharmaceutical behavior of two model drugs (paracetamol immediate release form and theophylline sustained release tablet) was studied in ESIN during liquid digestion. The results were compared to those found with a classical compendial method (paddle apparatus) and in human volunteers. Paracetamol and theophylline tablets showed similar absorption profiles in ESIN and in healthy subjects. For theophylline, a level A in vitro–in vivo correlation could be established between the results obtained in ESIN and in humans. Interestingly, using a pharmaceutical basket, the swelling and erosion of the theophylline sustained release form was followed during transit throughout ESIN. ESIN emerges as a relevant tool for pharmaceutical studies but once further validated may find many other applications in nutritional, toxicological, and microbiological fields. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1325–1335. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Erythropoietin‐enhanced endothelial progenitor cell recruitment in peripheral blood and renal vessels during experimental acute kidney injury in rats
Authors: Cakiroglu Figen , Enders‐Comberg Sora Maria , Pagel Horst , Rohwedel Jürgen , Lehnert Hendrik , Kramer Jan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBeneficial effects of erythropoietin (EPO) have been reported in acute kidney injury (AKI) when administered prior to induction of AKI. We studied the effects of EPO administration on renal function shortly after ischemic AKI. For this purpose, rats were subjected to renal ischemia for 30 min and EPO was administered at a concentration of 500 U/kg either i.v. as a single shot directly after ischemia or with an additional i.p. dose until 3 days after surgery. The results were compared with AKI rats without EPO application and a sham‐operated group. Renal function was assessed by measurement of serum biochemical markers, histological grading, and using an isolated perfused kidney (IPK) model. Furthermore, we performed flow cytometry to analyze the concentration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the peripheral blood and renal vessels. Following EPO application, there was only a statistically non‐significant tendency of serum creatinine and urea to improve, particularly after daily EPO application. Renal vascular resistance and the renal perfusion rate were not significantly altered. In the histological analysis, acute tubular necrosis was only marginally ameliorated following EPO administration. In summary, we could not demonstrate a significant improvement in renal function when EPO was applied after AKI. Interestingly, however, EPO treatment resulted in a highly significant increase in CD133‐ and CD34‐positive EPC both in the peripheral blood and renal vessels.
A High‐Gradient Magnetic Separator for Highly Viscous Process Liquors in Industrial Biotechnology
Authors: Roth Hans‐Christian , Prams Andreas , Lutz Michael , Ritscher Jonathan , Raab Moritz , Berensmeier Sonja 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFollowing the demand for highly efficient processes in biotechnology, an innovative and cost‐effective permanent magnet‐based high‐gradient magnetic separator with static magnetic filters (SMF) is presented. The laboratory‐scale prototype has a high particle capacity and is characterized by an outstanding separation performance. Low‐cost magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs, hydrodynamic diameter 100 – 200 nm) were separated from highly viscous sucrose solutions. Losses of MNPs with filtrate remained very low. The in situ implementation of ultrasound technology during MNP‐backwashing yielded excellent MNP recovery efficiencies. By applying a non‐stick coating onto the SMF surface, the MNP recovery efficiency could be enhanced significantly compared to conventional SMFs.
Silicon‐ and Tin‐Containing Open‐Chain and Eight‐Membered‐Ring Compounds as Bicentric Lewis Acids toward Anions
Authors: Wendji Anicet Siakam , Dietz Christina , Kühn Silke , Lutter Michael , Schollmeyer Dieter , Hiller Wolf , Jurkschat Klaus 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHerein, we report the syntheses of silicon‐ and tin‐containing open‐chain and eight‐membered‐ring compounds Me2Si(CH2SnMe2X)2 (2, X=Me; 3, X=Cl; 4, X=F), CH2(SnMe2CH2I)2 (7), CH2(SnMe2CH2Cl)2 (8), cyclo‐Me2Sn(CH2SnMe2CH2)2SiMe2 (6), cyclo‐(Me2SnCH2)4 (9), cyclo‐Me(2−n)XnSn(CH2SiMe2CH2)2SnXnMe(2−n) (5, n=0; 10, n=1, X=Cl; 11, n=1, X=F; 12, n=2, X=Cl), and the chloride and fluoride complexes NEt4[cyclo‐ Me(Cl)Sn(CH2SiMe2CH2)2Sn(Cl)Me⋅F] (13), PPh4[cyclo‐Me(Cl)Sn(CH2SiMe2CH2)2Sn(Cl)Me⋅Cl] (14), NEt4[cyclo‐Me(F)Sn(CH2SiMe2CH2)2Sn(F)Me⋅F] (15), [NEt4]2[cyclo‐Cl2Sn(CH2SiMe2CH2)2SnCl2⋅2 Cl] (16), M[Me2Si(CH2Sn(Cl)Me2)2⋅Cl] (17 a, M=PPh4; 17 b, M=NEt4), NEt4[Me2Si(CH2Sn(Cl)Me2)2⋅F] (18), NEt4[Me2Si(CH2Sn(F)Me2)2⋅F] (19), and PPh4[Me2Si(CH2Sn(Cl)Me2)2⋅Br] (20). The compounds were characterised by electrospray mass‐spectrometric, IR and 1H, 13C, 19F, 29Si, and 119Sn NMR spectroscopic analysis, and, except for 15 and 18, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)‐Ryanodol and (+)‐Ryanodine
Authors: Masuda Kengo , Koshimizu Masaki , Nagatomo Masanori , Inoue Masayuki 
Published: November 2015

Abstract(+)‐Ryanodine (1) is the ester derivative of 1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid and the complex terpenoid (+)‐ryanodol (2), which possesses eleven contiguous stereogenic centers on the ABCDE‐ring system. Compound 1 is known to be a potent modulator of intracellular calcium release channels, whereas the activity of 2 is significantly weaker. To chemically construct 1, the multiple oxygen functional groups must be installed on the fused pentacycle in stereoselective fashions and the extremely hindered C3‐hydroxy group must be acylated in a site‐selective manner. First, the total synthesis of 2 was accomplished by introducing the five stereocenters from the previously prepared enantiopure ABDE‐ring 7. Stereoselective construction of the C3‐secondary, C2‐ and C6‐tertiary alcohols was achieved by three nucleophilic reactions. The C9‐ and C10‐trisubstituted carbon centers were regio‐ and stereoselectively introduced by hydroboration/oxidation of the six‐membered C‐ring, which was formed by the ring‐closing metathesis reaction. Direct esterification of the C3‐alcohol with pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid proved unsuccessful; therefore, we developed a new, two‐step protocol for attachment of the pyrrole moiety. The C3‐hydroxy group was first converted into the less sterically cumbersome glycine ester, which was then transformed into the pyrrole ring through condensation with 1,3‐bis(dimethylamino)allylium tetrafluoroborate. This procedure resulted in the first total synthesis of 1.
Incremental Tuning Up of Fluorous Phenazine Acceptors
Authors: Castro Karlee P. , Clikeman Tyler T. , DeWeerd Nicholas J. , Bukovsky Eric V. , Rippy Kerry C. , Kuvychko Igor V. , Hou Gao‐Lei , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Wang Xue‐Bin , Strauss Steven H. , Boltalina Olga V. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn a simple, one‐step direct trifluoromethylation of phenazine with CF3I we prepared and characterized nine (poly)trifluoromethyl derivatives with up to six CF3 groups. The electrochemical reduction potentials and gas‐phase electron affinities show a direct, strict linear relation to the number of CF3 groups, with phenazine(CF3)6 reaching a record‐high electron affinity of 3.24 eV among perfluoroalkylated polyaromatics.
Synthesis of Three‐Dimensional Butterfly Slit‐Cyclobisazaanthracenes and Hydrazinobisanthenes through One‐Step Cyclodimerization and Their Properties
Authors: Yamamoto Koji , Higashibayashi Shuhei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNew three‐dimensional (3D) π‐conjugated molecules, butterfly‐shaped slit‐cyclobisazaanthracenes, were synthesized in high yields by Ni‐mediated one‐step cyclodimerization of dibromoazaanthracenes with a dimethylacridine, phenothiazine, or acridone skeleton. The 3D slit butterfly shape was formed by folded azaanthracene skeletons. Closure of the slit via NN bond formation afforded hydrazinobisanthenes with an embedded hydrazine structure in a bisanthene skeleton, which exhibited a 3D butterfly or a 2D plane structure depending on the type of heterocycle used. Extensive study of the stereoselective chemical reactivity of the butterfly shape, X‐ray analysis, DFT calculations, electrochemical/chemical oxidations, and photophysical measurements revealed that the properties of these materials included stereoselective oxidation, a rigid or flexible butterfly shape, dynamic conformational behavior, unique crystal‐packing structures, excellent electron donation with low oxidation potential, a radical cation, a long absorption wavelength, and fluorescence property.
Bifunctional Furfuryl Cations Strategy: Three‐Component Synthesis of Enamidyl Triazoles
Authors: Yang Hengtuo , Gou Jing , Guo Jiawei , Duan Dongyu , Zhao Yu‐Ming , Yu Binxun , Gao Ziwei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA new multicomponent synthesis of functionalized enamidyl triazoles starting from simple and readily available starting materials is described. A simple treatment of a dichloromethane solution of an azide, amine, and 5‐bromo‐2‐furylcarbinol with a Lewis acid provides the enamidyl triazole in good to high yield. A triple domino sequence, formal [3+2] cycloaddition/ring‐opening/amidation, is involved in this new skeleton‐generating reaction.
Serpin A1 C‐Terminal Peptides as Collagen Turnover Modulators
Authors: Pascarella Simona , Tiberi Caterina , Sabatino Giuseppina , Nuti Francesca , Papini Anna Maria , Giovannelli Lisa , Rovero Paolo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe modulation of collagen turnover can be a relevant pharmacological target in the context of treating either pathological or pathophysiological conditions, such as collagen‐related diseases and skin aging. Our recent work has focused on the search for short‐chain peptides as lead compounds for further development of compounds that enhance the production of type I collagen. In this study we selected and synthesized overlapping peptides of the C‐terminal portion of serpin A1 (residues 393–418), the impact of which on collagen production has been reported previously, in order to identify shorter and still active fragments and to provide insight on the mechanisms involved. The biological activity of each fragment was evaluated with cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts, and changes in the amounts of collagen were monitored in collected culture media by a sandwich ELISA technique developed in house. Interestingly, we identified a decapeptide, termed SA1‐III (Ac‐MGKVVNPTQK‐NH2), as a promising candidate for our purposes; it is able to induce a significant increase in type I collagen levels in the culture medium of treated cells at micromolar concentrations.