bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new technique for numerical simulation of dendritic solidification using a meshfree interface finite element method
Authors: Ghoneim Adam 
Published: December 2015

SummaryA new technique for sharp‐interface modeling of dendritic solidification is proposed using a meshfree interface finite element method such that the liquid–solid interface is represented implicitly and allowed to arbitrarily intersect the finite elements. At the interface‐embedded elements, meshfree interface points without connectivity are imposed directly at the zero level set while meshfree interpolants are constructed using radial basis functions. This ensures both the partition of unity and the Kronecker delta properties are satisfied allowing for precise and easy imposition of Dirichlet boundary conditions at the interface. The constructed meshfree interpolants are also used for solving a variational level set equation based on the Ginzburg–Landau energy functional minimization such that reinitialization is completely eliminated and fast marching algorithms for interfacial velocity extension are not necessary resulting in an efficient algorithm with excellent volume conservation. The meshfree interface finite element method is used for modeling dendritic solidification in a pure melt where it is found suitable in handling the complex interfacial dynamics often encountered in dendritic growth. Mathematical formulation and implementation followed by numerical results and analysis will be presented and discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fat depot‐specific expression of HOXC9 and HOXC10 may contribute to adverse fat distribution and related metabolic traits
Authors: Brune Jakob E. , Kern Matthias , Kunath Anne , Flehmig Gesine , Schön Michael R. , Lohmann Tobias , Dressler Miriam , Dietrich Arne , Fasshauer Mathias , Kovacs Peter , Stumvoll Michael , Blüher Matthias , Klöting Nora 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveIndependent previous studies in both rodents and humans suggest a role of developmental genes in the origin of obesity and body fat distribution. Here, the hypothesis that human adipose tissue (AT) expression of the developmental genes homeobox transcription factors C9 (HOXC9) and C10 (HOXC10) is fat depot‐specific and related to obesity‐related traits was tested.MethodsIn 636 individuals, HOXC9 and HOXC10 mRNA expression was investigated in paired abdominal subcutaneous (SC) and omental AT samples in relation to a wide range of age, BMI, fat distribution, and metabolic parameters and in subfractions of isolated adipocytes and cells of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF).ResultsHOXC9 and HOXC10 mRNA expression is significantly higher in SC compared to omental AT. HOXC9 and HOXC10 mRNA expression significantly correlates with body fat mass, even after adjustment for age and gender. In smaller subgroups (depending on the availability of data), fat depot‐related significant gender‐ and BMI‐independent associations between HOXC9 and HOXC10 gene expression and parameters of glucose metabolism and AT biology were found (e.g., adipocyte size).ConclusionsTaken together, these data suggest that HOXC9 and HOXC10 may play an important role in the development of obesity, adverse fat distribution, and subsequent alterations in whole‐body metabolism and AT function.
Structure and functional characterization of a bile acid 7α dehydratase BaiE in secondary bile acid synthesis
Authors: Bhowmik Shiva , Chiu Hsien‐Po , Jones David H. , Chiu Hsiu‐Ju , Miller Mitchell D. , Xu Qingping , Farr Carol L. , Ridlon Jason M. , Wells James E. , Elsliger Marc‐André , Wilson Ian A. , Hylemon Phillip B. , Lesley Scott A. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTConversion of the primary bile acids cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) to the secondary bile acids deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) is performed by a few species of intestinal bacteria in the genus Clostridium through a multistep biochemical pathway that removes a 7α‐hydroxyl group. The rate‐determining enzyme in this pathway is bile acid 7α‐dehydratase (baiE). In this study, crystal structures of apo‐BaiE and its putative product‐bound [3‐oxo‐Δ4,6‐lithocholyl‐Coenzyme A (CoA)] complex are reported. BaiE is a trimer with a twisted α + β barrel fold with similarity to the Nuclear Transport Factor 2 (NTF2) superfamily. Tyr30, Asp35, and His83 form a catalytic triad that is conserved across this family. Site‐directed mutagenesis of BaiE from Clostridium scindens VPI 12708 confirm that these residues are essential for catalysis and also the importance of other conserved residues, Tyr54 and Arg146, which are involved in substrate binding and affect catalytic turnover. Steady‐state kinetic studies reveal that the BaiE homologs are able to turn over 3‐oxo‐Δ4‐bile acid and CoA‐conjugated 3‐oxo‐Δ4‐bile acid substrates with comparable efficiency questioning the role of CoA‐conjugation in the bile acid metabolism pathway. Proteins 2016; 84:316–331. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of synthetic pesticides and sulfur used in conventional and organically grown strawberry and soybean on Neozygites floridana, a natural enemy of spider mites
Authors: Castro Thiago , Roggia Samuel , Wekesa Vitalis W , de Andrade Moral Rafael , GB Demétrio Clarice , Delalibera Italo , Klingen Ingeborg 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe beneficial fungus Neozygites floridana kills the two‐spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, which is a serious polyphagous plant pest worldwide. Outbreaks of spider mites in strawberry and soybean have been associated with pesticide applications. Pesticides may affect N. floridana and consequently the natural control of T. urticae. N. floridana is a fungus difficult to grow in artificial media, and for this reason, very few studies have been conducted with this fungus, especially regarding the impact of pesticides. The aim of this study was to conduct a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effect of pesticides used in strawberry and soybean crops on N. floridana.ResultsAmong the pesticides used in strawberry, the fungicides sulfur and cyprodinil + fludioxonil completely inhibited both the sporulation and conidial germination of N. floridana. The fungicide fluazinam affected N. floridana drastically. The application of the fungicide tebuconazole and the insecticides fenpropathrin and abamectin resulted in a less pronounced negative effect on N. floridana. Except for epoxiconazole and cyproconazole, all tested fungicides used in soybean resulted in a complete inhibition of N. floridana. Among the three insecticides used in soybean, lambda‐cyhalothrin and deltamethrin resulted in a significant inhibition of N. floridana.ConclusionThe insecticides/ acaricides abamectin and lambda‐cyhalothrin at half concentrations and fenpropathrin and permethrin and the fungicide tebuconazole at the recommended concentrations resulted in the lowest impact on N. floridana. The fungicides with the active ingredients sulfur, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, azoxystrobin + cyproconazole, trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole negatively affected N. floridana. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Confirmation and mechanism of glyphosate resistance in tall windmill grass (Chloris elata) from Brazil
Authors: Brunharo Caio ACG , Patterson Eric L , Carrijo Daniela R , de Melo Marcel SC , Nicolai Marcelo , Gaines Todd A , Nissen Scott J , Christoffoleti Pedro J 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDOverreliance on glyphosate as a single tool for weed management in agricultural systems in Brazil has selected glyphosate‐resistant populations of tall windmill grass (Chloris elata Desv.).RESULTSTwo C. elata populations, one glyphosate resistant (GR) and one glyphosate susceptible (GS), were studied in detail for a dose–response experiment and for resistance mechanism. The dose causing 50% reduction in dry weight was 620 g a.e. ha−1 for GR and 114 g ha−1 for GS, resulting in an R/S ratio of 5.4. GS had significantly higher maximum 14C‐glyphosate absorption into the treated leaf (51.3%) than GR (39.5%), a difference of 11.8% in maximum absorption. GR also retained more 14C‐glyphosate in the treated leaf (74%) than GS (51%), and GR translocated less glyphosate (27%) to other plant parts (stems, roots and root exudation) than GS (36%). There were no mutations at the Pro106 codon in the gene encoding 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS). There was no difference in EPSPS genomic copy number or EPSPS transcription between GS and GR populations.CONCLUSIONBased on these data, reduced glyphosate absorption and increased glyphosate retention in the treated leaf contribute to glyphosate resistance in this C. elata population from Brazil. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Dung‐inhabiting fungi: a potential reservoir of novel secondary metabolites for the control of plant pathogens
Authors: Sarrocco Sabrina 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCoprophilous fungi are a large group of saprotrophic fungi mostly found in herbivore dung. The number of these fungi undergoing investigation is continually increasing, and new species and genera continue to be described. Dung‐inhabiting fungi play an important ecological role in decomposing and recycling nutrients from animal dung. They produce a large array of bioactive secondary metabolites and have a potent enzymatic arsenal able to utilise even complex molecules. Bioactive secondary metabolites are actively involved in interaction with and defence against other organisms whose growth can be inhibited, resulting in an enhanced ecological fitness of producer strains. Currently, these antibiotics and bioactive secondary metabolites are of interest in medicine in particular, while very little information is available concerning their potential use in agriculture. This review introduces the ecology of dung‐inhabiting fungi, with particular emphasis on the production of antibiotic compounds as a means to compete with other microorganisms. Owing to the fast pace of technological progress, new approaches to predicting the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites are proposed. Coprophilous fungi should be considered as elite candidate organisms for the discovery of novel antifungal compounds, above all in view of their exploitation for crop protection. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermal control and generation of charge currents in coupled quantum dots
Authors: Thierschmann Holger , Arnold Fabian , Mittermüller Marcel , Maier Luis , Heyn Christian , Hansen Wolfang , Buhmann Hartmut , Molenkamp Laurens W. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article reviews recent thermoelectric experiments on quantum dot (QD) systems. The experiments focus on two types of inter‐dot coupling: tunnel coupling and Coulomb coupling. Tunnel‐coupled QDs allow particles to be exchanged between the attached reservoirs via the QD system. Hence, an applied temperature bias results in a thermovoltage. When being investigated as a function of QD energies, this leads to the thermopower stability diagram. Here, largest thermovoltage is observed in the regions of the triple points. In a QD system which exhibits only capacitive inter‐dot coupling, electron transfer is suppressed. Such a device is studied in a three‐terminal geometry: while one QD connects to the heat reservoir, the other one can exchange electrons with two reservoirs at a lower temperature. When the symmetry of the tunneling coefficients in the cold system is broken, the device becomes an energy harvester: thermal energy is extracted from the heat reservoir and is converted into a directed charge current between the two cold reservoirs. This review illustrates the large potential of multi‐QD devices for thermoelectrics and thermal management at the nanometer‐scale.
Toxic effects of indoxacarb enantiomers on the embryonic development and induction of apoptosis in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio)
Authors: Fan Yongmei , Feng Qing , Lai Kehua , Huang Weikang , Zhang Chenghui , Li Qing X. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIndoxacarb is a highly potent insecticide widely used to control Lepidoptera insects in vegetable, tea, cotton, and rice fields. It can run off into aquatic environments. It is consisted of two enantiomers. Environmental risks and aquatic toxicity of indoxacarb enantiomers have not been fully investigated. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to varying concentrations of (−)‐R‐indoxacarb and (+)‐S‐indoxacarb until 96‐h post‐fertilization (hpf) to assess the embryonic toxicity. (−)‐R‐indoxacarb was 1.3‐fold more toxic than (+)‐S‐isomer to zebrafish embryos at 96 hpf. (−)‐R‐indoxacarb exhibited reduction in body length and pericardial edema compared with (+)‐S‐indoxacarb. (−)‐R‐indoxacarb decreased the hatching rate sixfold greater than (+)‐S‐indoxacarb. The rate of pericardial edema induced by (−)‐R‐indoxacarb was 2.5 times greater than that by (+)‐S‐indoxacarb. The heart rate of the larvae exposed to (−)‐R‐indoxacarb was 30% lower than that to (+)‐S‐indoxacarb. In addition, exposure to the chiral isomers resulted in significant increases in apoptosis; interestingly (−)‐R‐indoxacarb induced apoptosis in the heart area, whereas (+)‐S‐indoxacarb induced apoptosis in the head area. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 7–16, 2017.
Prevalence, diagnosis and outcome of cleft lip with or without cleft palate in The Netherlands
Authors: Fleurke‐Rozema J. H. , van de Kamp K. , Bakker M. K. , Pajkrt E. , Bilardo C. M. , Snijders R. J. M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the accuracy and timing of diagnosis of fetal cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P) in the years following the introduction of a national screening program, and to assess the completeness and accuracy of information in The Netherlands Perinatal Registry.MethodsA list was obtained of cases with a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis of CL ± P from two fetal medicine units between 2008 and 2012. All cases of CL ± P were included irrespective of the presence or absence of additional anomalies. Cases were included if the estimated date of delivery was between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2012.ResultsDuring the study period, 330 cases of CL ± P were identified, with a prevalence of 15 per 10 000 pregnancies. The number of cases that were detected before 24 weeks' gestation increased during the study period, while the rate of termination of pregnancy did not change significantly (P = 0.511). CL ± P was isolated in 217 (66%) cases and karyotype was abnormal in 69 (21%) cases. In 5% of the cases in which CL ± P seemed to be isolated during the 18–23‐week anomaly scan, postnatal array comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) revealed an abnormal karyotype and 50% of these cases had major additional anomalies. Examination of data from The Netherlands Perinatal Registry demonstrated that in 37% of cases CL±P was not recorded in the pregnancy records.ConclusionCL ± P is increasingly being diagnosed prenatally, without a significant effect on the rate of pregnancy termination. Further improvement in the diagnostic accuracy may be achieved by advocating prenatal array‐CGH to reduce the frequency of unexpected anomalies being diagnosed after birth. It is important that healthcare providers register accurately the presence or absence of anomalies in the birth records to ensure that, in the future, data from The Netherlands Perinatal Registry can be relied upon to monitor prevalence. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Structure and Magnetic Investigation of a Series of Rare Earth Heterospin Monometallic Compounds of Nitronyl Nitroxide Radical
Authors: Wang Yuxiao , Fan Zhe , Yin Xiaoying , Wang Shuping , Yang Shutao , Zhang Jianjun , Geng Lina , Shi Shikao 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFive rare earth heterospin complexes [Ln(hfac)3(NITptBuPh)2], [LnIII = Eu (1), Tb (2), Dy (3), Ho (4), Er (5)] (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate), were synthesized with the radical ligand NITptBuPh [2‐(4′‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐4, 4,5, 5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide]. These complexes exhibit similar structures. All of them crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c, and consist of discrete mononuclear molecules. The central LnIII ion is eight‐coordinate with a distorted dodecahedral environment. The NITptBuPh radical acts as monodentate ligand towards LnIII ion through the NO group. The magnetic studies suggested weak antiferromagnetic interactions between LnIII ion and radicals in 1, 3, 4, and 5, but weak ferromagnetic interaction in 2.
Results of a Fifteen‐Year Follow‐up Program in Patients Operated with Unilateral Neck Exploration for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Thier Mark , Nordenström Erik , Almquist Martin , Bergenfelz Anders 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundSince the introduction of unilateral parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) it has been debated wherever this approach is associated with greater long‐term risk for recurrence compared to bilateral neck exploration.MethodsThis is a prospective study based on a structured 15‐year follow‐up program in patients with non‐hereditary, sporadic pHPT, undergoing first time surgery with unilateral or focused neck exploration (unilateral procedures), with the use of intraoperative PTH (iOPTH) between 1989 and 2010.Results292 patients were analyzed. The median age of the patients was 66 years [interquartile range (IQR) 57–75], and 234 (80.4 %) were female. The median preoperative level of total calcium was 2.74 mmol/L (IQR 2.63–2.85 mmol/L) and the median PTH level was 10 pmol/L (IQR 7.4–14 pmol/L). The median follow‐up time was 5 years (IQR 1–10 years). Some 275 patients were followed for 1 year (94.2 %/275 person‐years/5 patients deceased), 164 for 5 years (56.2 %/820 person‐years/31 patients deceased), 70 for 10 years (24.0 %/700 patient‐years/57 patients deceased) and 51 (17.5 %/765 patient‐years/69 patients deceased) for 15 years after surgery. Three patients (1.1 %) had signs of persistent disease. One patient recurred in pHPT at 5 years postoperatively during 15 years of follow‐up. Histopathology indicated solitary parathyroid adenoma at primary surgery.ConclusionPatients with pHPT operated with unilateral procedures and iOPTH, had a low risk for long‐term recurrence during a 15 years follow‐up program.
Environmental conditions at arrival to the wintering grounds and during spring migration affect population dynamics of barn swallowsHirundo rusticabreeding in Northern Italy
Authors: Sicurella Beatrice , Musitelli Federica , Rubolini Diego , Saino Nicola , Ambrosini Roberto 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSeveral populations of long‐distance migratory birds are currently suffering steep demographic declines. The identification of the causes of such declines is difficult because population changes may be driven by events occurring in distant geographical areas during different phases of the annual life‐cycle of migrants. Furthermore, wintering areas and migration routes of populations of small‐sized species are still largely unknown, with few exceptions. In this paper we identified the critical phases of the annual life‐cycle that most influence the population dynamics of a small passerine, the Barn SwallowHirundo rustica.We used information on temporal dynamics of a population breeding in Northern Italy, whose wintering range and timing of migration have been recently described by miniaturised tracking dataloggers. Our results indicated that primary productivity in the wintering grounds in the month when most individuals arrive from autumn migration and primary productivity in an area that is probably a stopover site during spring migration, influenced population dynamics more than habitat conditions at the breeding grounds. By using annual variation in primary productivity at the wintering grounds and stopover sites as predictors, we replicated the observed interannual population changes with great accuracy. However, the steep decline recently suffered by the population could be replicated only by including a constant annual decline in the model, suggesting that changes in primary productivity only predicted the interannual variation around the long‐term trend. Our study therefore suggests the existence of critical periods during wintering and migration that may have large impact on population fluctuations of migrant birds.
Complete Hydatidiform Mole with Co-existing Live Fetus: A Case Series
Authors: Ahmed Maimoona , Kolar Geeta , Vavilala Suseela , Jaiman Sunil 
Published: December 2015

Abstract This review was undertaken to evaluate the maternal and fetal risk associated with complete hydatidiform mole with co-existing fetus (CHMF) and to assess the feasibility for continuing such pregnancies. Twin gestations with CHMF were reviewed from the hospital database from 2005 to 2014 at our center. Diagnosis was based on ultrasonography and confirmed post-delivery, histopathologically. Amniocentesis for karyotype was done for the live fetuses. Serum β-hCG levels were followed till they normalized. Six cases of CHMF were salvaged from the archives. Three had live normal babies (50 %), pregnancy was terminated in two cases for excessive bleeding (33.3 %) and one miscarried (16.7 %). One fetus exhibited 47, XXY Klinefelter syndrome while rest showed normal karyotype. Two patients required blood transfusion, one was complicated with severe pre-eclampsia whereas none showed gestational trophoblastic neoplasm. CHMF is a rare condition that can be diagnosed by ultrasonography. Continuation of such a pregnancy is an acceptable option and expectant management instead of therapeutic abortion can be pursued after weighing the possibility of fetal survival against maternal risk. Counseling of the couple and family plays a crucial role. Associated spectrum of maternal and fetal complications mandates close pre- and post-natal surveillance.
Private Schools and the Provision of ‘Public Benefit’
Authors: WILDE RACHEL J , GREEN FRANCIS , TAYLOR-GOOBY PETER , WIBORG SUSANNE 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLegislative changes and a recent court ruling allow private schools in England and Wales to determine how to provide the public benefits required to justify their charitable status. We investigate how private school headteachers and other informed stakeholders perceive their public benefit objectives and obligations. We find that schools interpret public beneficiaries widely to include one or more of state school pupils, local communities, other charities, and general society through raising socially responsible adults. Private schools pursue their own goals through public benefit provision, and balance the advantages of public benefit activities against the costs. The schools are not constrained by the ‘more than tokenistic’ minimum set by the regulator. The findings highlight the difficulties faced by governments who seek to pursue redistributive educational policies through charitable law.
Narrative abilities in early successive bilingual Slovak–English children: A cross-language comparison
Authors: KAPALKOVÁ SVETLANA , POLIŠENSKÁ KAMILA , MARKOVÁ LENKA , FENTON JAMES 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigates macrostructure skill transfer in successive bilingual children speaking Slovak and English, a new language combination for narrative research. We examined whether narrative performance reflected language dominance and assessed relationships between nonword repetition (NWR) and narrative skills within and across languages. Forty typically developing Slovak–English bilingual children (mean age = 5 years, 10 months) were evaluated for microstructure and macrostructure performance in both languages through story telling and retelling tasks. In addition, NWR was assessed in Slovak, the children's first language (L1). Macrostructure scores were higher in their L1 than in their second language (L2), but comprehension did not differ across languages. L1 NWR was significantly related to L1 microstructure scores, but not to L1/L2 macrostructure or L2 microstructure. Implications for assessing bilingual children's language are discussed.