bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late mortality after acute hypoxic respiratory failure
Authors: Prescott Hallie C , Sjoding Michael W , Langa Kenneth M , Iwashyna Theodore J , McAuley Daniel F 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundAcute hypoxic respiratory failure (AHRF) is associated with significant acute mortality. It is unclear whether later mortality is predominantly driven by pre-existing comorbid disease, the acute inciting event or is the result of AHRF itself.MethodsObservational cohort study of elderly US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants in fee-for-service Medicare (1998–2012). Patients hospitalised with AHRF were matched 1:1 to otherwise similar adults who were not currently hospitalised and separately to patients hospitalised with acute inciting events (pneumonia, non-pulmonary infection, aspiration, trauma, pancreatitis) that may result in AHRF, here termed at-risk hospitalisations. The primary outcome was late mortality—death in the 31 days to 2 years following hospital admission.ResultsAmong 15 075 HRS participants, we identified 1268 AHRF and 13 117 at-risk hospitalisations. AHRF hospitalisations were matched to 1157 non-hospitalised adults and 1017 at-risk hospitalisations. Among patients who survived at least 30 days, AHRF was associated with a 24.4% (95%CI 19.9% to 28.9%, p<0.001) absolute increase in late mortality relative to adults not currently hospitalised and a 6.7% (95%CI 1.7% to 11.7%, p=0.01) increase relative to adults hospitalised with acute inciting event(s) alone. At-risk hospitalisation explained 71.2% of the increased odds of late mortality, whereas the development of AHRF itself explained 28.8%. Risk for death was equivalent to at-risk hospitalisation beyond 90 days, but remained elevated for more than 1 year compared with non-hospitalised controls.ConclusionsIn this national sample of older Americans, approximately one in four survivors with AHRF had a late death not explained by pre-AHRF health status. More than 70% of this increased risk was associated with hospitalisation for acute inciting events, while 30% was associated with hypoxemic respiratory failure.
Becoming Honey Ryder – the visual politics informing the first Bond Girl
Authors: Ulfsdotter Boel 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This comparative study focuses especially on the prior visual representation of the first Bond Girl, Honeychile Rider, in comic strip form in the Daily Express in 1960, and aims to negotiate how the visual politics of her screen character was mediated through and influenced by this and other earlier iterations of James Bond’s female companions in popular printed media. I also problematize the claims that the pornographic influences on the visual politics imbuing these images result from Fleming’s graphic writing. In this way, I have accomplished three things: to locate graphical reiterations (texts) of James Bond’s female companions that can act as a possible matrix to future studies of them; to introduce a more nuanced and complex view of the development of the Bond Girl prior to the first Bond film; and to critically investigate the random and often simplified use of the notion of pornography in relation to studies of the Bond Girl.
Performance of FeCrAl for accident-tolerant fuel cladding in high-temperature steam
Authors: Pint Bruce A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe very high temperature (≥1400°C) steam oxidation resistance of thin-walled FeCrAl tubes is being investigated as an alternative to Zr-based alloys for enhanced accident-tolerant light water reactor fuel cladding. Initial work examined commercial FeCrAl with ~20% Cr in ramp testing with 1 min hold times at temperatures up to 1700°C. At 1400–1500°C, excellent oxidation resistance was observed with thin external alumina scales formed in contrast to the thick oxides formed on Zircaloy-4 under similar conditions. For an optimized FeCrAl with 13% Cr, one batch of tubing performed poorly at 1400°C, while the second batch formed a protective scale at 1400°C but was fully oxidized at 1500°C. Differences in performance between two test rigs suggest a role of gas velocity, and initial work on bulk alumina specimens has quantified an evaporation rate. However, some results suggest that melting is occurring well below 1500°C. This behavior is still being investigated.
Bone microarchitecture and estimated bone strength in men with active acromegaly
Authors: Silva Paula P B , Amlashi Fatemeh G , Yu Elaine W , Pulaski-Liebert Karen J , Gerweck Anu V , Fazeli Pouneh K , Lawson Elizabeth , Nachtigall Lisa B , Biller Beverly M K , Miller Karen K , Klibanski Anne , Bouxsein Mary , Tritos Nicholas A 
Published: August 2017

ContextBoth acromegaly and adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD) are associated with increased fracture risk. Sufficient data are lacking regarding cortical bone microarchitecture and bone strength, as assessed by microfinite element analysis (µFEA).ObjectiveTo elucidate both cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture and estimated bone strength in men with active acromegaly or GHD compared to healthy controls.Design and subjectsCross-sectional study at a clinical research center, including 48 men (16 with acromegaly, 16 with GHD and 16 healthy controls).Outcome measuresAreal bone mineral density (aBMD), cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture and estimated bone strength (µFEA) at the radius and tibia.ResultsaBMD was not different between the 3 groups at any skeletal site. At the radius, patients with acromegaly had greater cortical area (P < 0.0001), cortical thickness (P = 0.0038), cortical pore volume (P < 0.0001) and cortical porosity (P = 0.0008), but lower trabecular bone density (P = 0.0010) compared to controls. At the tibia, patients with acromegaly had lower trabecular bone density (P = 0.0082), but no differences in cortical bone microstructure. Compressive strength and failure load did not significantly differ between groups. These findings persisted after excluding patients with hypogonadism. Bone microarchitecture was not deficient in patients with GHD.ConclusionsBoth cortical and trabecular microarchitecture are altered in men with acromegaly. Our data indicate that GH excess is associated with distinct effects in cortical vs trabecular bone compartments. Our observations also affirm the limitations of aBMD testing in the evaluation of patients with acromegaly.
La guerra fría en Colombia. Una periodización necesaria
Authors: González Cepeda Liborio 
Published: August 2017

El artículo presenta una periodización del desarrolló la Guerra Fría en Colombia, el enfrentamiento entre potencias y bloques de poder que se trasladó al interior de los países e hizo del conflicto un problema de relaciones al interior de cada uno. Muestra la existencia de tres grandes periodos que si bien tienen puntos de encuentro con las periodizaciones del conflicto internacional, tiene sus particularidades que responden al devenir político del país. Siendo la guerra fría una guerra internacional de ideas que asume como escenario el interior de cada estado, su periodización se hace igualmente particular y toma como fundamento los conflictos entre las diferentes fuerzas que luchan internamente por el poder. Como confrontación por proyectos societales, el texto se ubica dentro de la historia política y se desarrolla tomando como fuentes los documentos que dan cuenta de las principales acciones, sucesos y políticas que desde los diversos actores explican el devenir histórico del país. Pero como es parte de un conflicto internacional también se toman como fuentes los documentos que relatan y describen las principales acciones orientadas desde los Estados Unidos para el caso colombiano y en general para el continente.
Detection of homogeneous precipitation regions at seasonal and annual time scales, northwest Iran
Authors: Arab Amiri Mohammad , Mesgari Mohammad Saadi , Conoscenti Christian 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Detection of homogeneous climate areas is a challenging issue, which can be affected by different criteria. One of the most prominent factors is choosing the time scale, which can lead to different spatial and temporal patterns. Total precipitation is a key factor in climatological studies, and studying its distribution is of utmost importance. The combination of principal components analysis and cluster analysis is used for homogeneous precipitation areas' detection. Hence, the spatial pattern of total precipitation was investigated in northwestern Iran during the past two decades (1991–2010) on seasonal and annual time scales. The results of clustering on each time scale were validated, and well-defined clusters were investigated and compared with each other. Two homogeneous sub-regions were recognized in spring, the best period for depicting homogeneous precipitation clusters at seasonal resolution. The annual pattern of precipitation delineated three clusters in the study region. Finally, the characteristics of the well-clustered maps reveal the importance of time scale in detection of homogeneous precipitation sub-zones.
Aplicação das ferramentas da qualidade FMEA e FTA para detecção e controle de patologias em estruturas de concreto armado do Aeroporto Internacional do Recife
Authors: Silva Severino Virgílio da , Monteiro Eliana Cristina Barreto 
Published: August 2017

Com o aumento do número de ocorrências patológicas apresentadas pelas estruturas de concreto armado, conforme levantamentos realizados por diversos autores ao longo os últimos anos, é crescente a demanda por serviços de inspeção e manutenção em tais estruturas no Estado de Pernambuco e em todo o País. No entanto, é importante salientar que a prática de inspeções periódicas ainda não faz parte da cultura da maioria dos usuários, devido à falta de conhecimento da importância da manutenção para garantir a integridade da estrutura. Por isso é necessário a racionalização do processo de manutenção, que pode ser atingida com a utilização de duas ferramentas de gestão da qualidade total combinadas, a análise da árvore de falhas (FTA) e a análise dos Modos de Falhas e seus Efeitos (FMEA), visando a realização de inspeçõesnas estruturas para a montagem de um banco de dados que permita a hierarquização por nível de risco das patologias detectadas e à criação de planos de ação preventiva e corretiva a fim de diminuir sua ocorrência. Neste trabalho analisou-se as manifestações patológicas encontradas no viaduto de acesso ao Aeroporto Internacional do Recife, oriundas de uma inspeção prévia, foram aplicados os métodos de gestão integrada da qualidade a fim de avaliar os possíveis danos causados à estrutura. A combinação dos métodos permitiu a definição da criticidade das manifestações patológicas pela ótica de suas causas básicas e seus efeitos de maior relevância, configurando-se como uma importante ferramenta para a análise sistêmica de patologias em estruturas de concreto armado.
Kemampuan komunikasi antar pribadi dan motivasi mengajar terhadap kinerja guru sekolah menengah atas Jakarta Timur
Authors: Ruth Burju 
Published: August 2017

Komunikasi adalah proses penyampaian pikiran atau perasaan oleh seseorang (komunikator) kepada orang lain (komunikan). Saling mempengaruhi antara motivasi untuk berbuat sesuatu sesuai dengan kemampuan komunikasi yang telah dimiliki seseorang, dengan kinerja yang dihasilkan oleh orang tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan komunikasi antarpribadi dan motivasi mengajar terhadap kinerja guru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey. Sampel sebesar 57 orang yang dipilih secara random dari seluruh guru SMA Trisoko dan Pusaka 1 di Jakarta Timur. Pengumpulan data dengan menyebarkan angket kepada responden. Hasil penelitian terlihat dari uji hipotesis bahwa nilai Sig = 0.000 dan Fhitung = 84,147, sedangkan Ftabel = 4,013. Karena nilai Sig < 0,05 dan Fhitung > Ftabel maka H0 di tolak yang berarti koefisien regresi tersebut signifikan. Dengan demikian terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan variabel bebas kemampuan komunikasi antarpribadi (X1) dan motivasi mengajar (X2) secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja guru (Y).
An in-house Composix™-based pubovaginal sling trial for female stress urinary incontinence: Five-year comparative followup to tension-free and transobturator vaginal tapes
Authors: Ben-Zvi Tal , Moore Katherine , Haidar Nadim , Gregoire Mireille 
Published: August 2017

Introduction: We compared the efficacy of three slings in the long-term treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI): tension-free vaginal tape (TVT), vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O), and an in-housetwo-layered polypropylene mesh with a submicronic polytetrafluoroethylene (Composix™). Our primary endpoint was the objective measurement of continence (24-hour pad test). Secondarily, we measured the satisfaction and complication rates.Methods: This prospective, non-randomized study included 128 patients with SUI. Preoperative evaluation included medical history, physical exam, 24-hour pad test, Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (IQOL), FPSUND, and global satisfaction questionnaires. Patients were followed at one month postoperative, biannually for two years, and then annually for a total of five years. Followup visits included a focused questionnaire, physical exam, satisfaction questionnaire, 24-hour pad test, IQOL, and FPSUND questionnaires.Results: Composix, TVT, and TVT-O groups included 60, 34, and 34 patients, respectively. No significant differences were found in baseline characteristics except for the pad test. Length of catheterization was the only immediate operative significant parameter (Composix 4.7 days vs. TVT 1.1 days vs. TVT-O 2.6 days; p=0.03). The entire cohort had significant improvements in their IQOL, FPSUND, and pad test at one and four years (p<0.01). The cohortwide 24-hour pad test average weight was 30.4 g preoperatively vs. 5 g at 12 months (p<0.00001) (Composix 37 to 5 g, TVT 83 to 4 g, and TVT-O 55 to 5 g). The Composix group had a higher number of minor complications (Clavien I, II) and secondary procedures.Conclusions: This single-surgeon cohort with five-year followup demonstrated a large improvement and maintenance of continence in all three surgical groups. The Composix-based sling provided comparable continence outcomes at a fraction of the cost; however, its increased morbidity and higher complication rate raise concerns over future use
De strekkingsbeperking binnen het Europese mededingingsrecht: het EVA-Hof puzzelt mee
Authors: Mulder J. 
Published: August 2017

De strekkingsbeperking binnen het Europese mededingingsrecht: het EVA-Hof puzzelt mee
Deze uitspraak van het Hof van de Europese Vrijhandelsassociatie gaat in op een langslepende discussie omtrent de invulling van het onderzoek dat vereist is om te kunnen concluderen dat sprake is van een mededingingsrechtelijke strekkingsbeperking. Lange tijd was sprake van onduidelijkheid omtrent de exacte rol van de mededingingsbeperkende gevolgen binnen dit onderzoek. In de Cartes Bancaires-uitspraak heeft het Hof van Justitie besloten dat voor strekkingsbeperkingen geen enkel onderzoek is vereist naar de concrete gevolgen mits de overeenkomst behoort tot een categorie gedragingen waarvan de ervaring leert dat zij in voldoende mate de mededinging nadelig kunnen beïnvloeden. Daarnaast moet worden vastgesteld dat een overeenkomst in het licht van de economische en juridische context in staat is de mededinging te beperken. Het Hof van de Europese Vrijhandelsassociatie volgt deze benadering op een zeer heldere en systematische wijze. Na lezing van de uitspraak rijst echter de vraag: ontaardt een beoordeling van de economische en juridische context in bepaalde marktsituaties niet toch in een beoordeling van de gevolgen van een overeenkomst?EVA-Hof 22 december 2016, zaak E-03/16, Ski Taxi, Follo Taxi/Noorwegen
Os Estudos em Administração se Perderam no Meio do Aaminho? Ideias para Pesquisas mais Construtivas e Inovadoras
Authors: Alvesson Mats , Sandberg Jörgen 
Published: August 2017

Apesar do grande crescimento no número de artigos em administração publicados durante as últimas três décadas, existe uma escassez de pesquisas de alto impacto em estudos sobre administração. Nós acreditamos que a principal razão por trás dessa escassez paradoxal é o predomínio quase total de pesquisas de identificação de lacunas em estudos sobre administração. Esse predomínio é ainda mais paradoxal quando é bem sabido que pesquisas de identificação de lacunas raramente culminam em teorias influentes. Identificamos três principais forças agindo por trás desse duplo paradoxo: condições institucionais, normas profissionais e as construções de identidade dos pesquisadores. Discutimos o quanto algumas mudanças específicas nessas forças podem reduzir a escassez de teorias influentes de estudos em administração. Também apontamos para duas metodologias que podem encorajar e facilitar uma pesquisa mais construtiva e inovadora e revisões de normas e identidades acadêmicas.<div><br clear="all" /><br /></div>
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Among Pediatric Patients, 2020 to 2022
Authors: Miller Margaret G. , Terebuh Pauline , Kaelber David C. , Xu Rong , Davis Pamela B. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceIn adults, diagnoses of new-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) have increased following diagnosis with COVID-19, but whether this occurs in children is unclear.ObjectiveTo determine whether risk of incident T2D diagnosis is increased during the 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection among children.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used electronic health records from the TriNetX analytics platforms between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022. Pediatric patients aged 10 to 19 years without preexisting diabetes were eligible for inclusion. Data were analyzed from August 15 to September 15, 2023, with supplemental analyses January 20 and August 8 to 13, 2024.ExposuresDiagnosis of COVID-19 or a non–COVID-19 respiratory infection.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNew diagnosis of T2D compared by risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs at 1, 3, and 6 months after index infection.ResultsThe main study population included 613 602 patients, consisting of 306 801 with COVID-19 (mean [SD] age at index, 14.9 [2.9] years; 52.8% female) and 306 801 with other respiratory infections (ORIs) but no documented COVID-19 (mean [SD] age at index, 14.9 [2.9] years; 52.6% female) after propensity score matching. Risk of a new diagnosis of T2D was significantly increased from day of infection to 1, 3, and 6 months after COVID-19 diagnosis compared with the matched cohort with ORIs (RR at 1 month, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.28-1.89]; RR at 3 months: 1.48 [95% CI, 1.24-1.76]; RR at 6 months: 1.58 [95% CI, 1.35-1.85]). Similar results were found in the subpopulation classified as having overweight or obesity (RR at 1 month: 2.07 [95% CI, 1.12-3.83]; RR at 3 months: 2.00 [95% CI, 1.15-3.47]; RR at 6 months: 2.27 [95% CI, 1.38-3.75]) and the hospitalized subpopulation (RR at 1 month: 3.10 [95% CI, 2.04-4.71]; RR at 3 months: 2.74 [95% CI, 1.90-3.96]; RR at 6 months: 2.62 [95% CI, 1.87-3.66]). Similar elevation in risk was found at 3 and 6 months when excluding patients diagnosed during the interval from the index date to 1 month after infection.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective cohort study of children and adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, the risk of an incident diagnosis of T2D was greater following a COVID-19 diagnosis than in children diagnosed with ORIs. Further study is required to determine whether diabetes persists or reverses later in life.
Patterns of Migration Following Dementia Diagnosis
Authors: Rahman Momotazur , Thapa Bishnu Bahadur , Santostefano Christopher , Gozalo Pedro , Muench Ulrike , Kosar Cyrus M. , Oh Hyesung , White Elizabeth , Mor Vincent 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceDiseases have historically prompted individual relocations to mitigate the risk of disease acquisition or improve access to care. As dementia prevalence increases, comprehending the migration patterns of affected individuals is vital for public policy.ObjectiveTo quantify the association of dementia diagnosis with migration patterns by examining the proportion of individuals with dementia who relocate, the timing of their moves relative to diagnosis, and the nature of their new living arrangements, whether in institutional settings or different households.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study leveraged a comprehensive dataset of national Medicare claims and assessments spanning from 2012 to 2020, including Medicare Beneficiary Summary File and nursing home administrative datasets. The study focused on beneficiaries who received diagnoses in 2016 of dementia, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or colon cancer. Analyses were performed from March 2023 to August 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was migration, defined as change in county or state. The analysis distinguished between migrations with and without a nursing home stay. By tracking patients’ residential county for 4 years before and after diagnosis, a difference-in-differences approach was used to contrast migration tendencies associated with dementia against the other 3 conditions.ResultsThe sample included 1 626 127 Medicare beneficiaries (mean [SD] age, 80.1 [8.0] years; 922 194 women [56.7%]) who received diagnoses of the 4 conditions in 2016. In total, 818 862 had a new dementia diagnosis (age, 82.0 [7.8] years; 492 146 women [60.1%]). Comparing between the prediagnosis and postdiagnosis months, the proportion migrating to a different county increased by 8.5 percentage points (95% CI, 7.6-9.4 percentage points) for individuals with dementia and between 4.2 to 5.8 percentage points among those with myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or colon cancer. The difference-in-difference estimates indicated a 3.9 percentage point (95% CI, 3.7-4.0 percentage points) increase in intercounty migration and a 1.9 percentage point (95% CI, 1.8-2.0 percentage points) increase in interstate migration for patients with dementia, effectively doubling the likelihood of migration compared with the other conditions. Of the excess migrations resulting from dementia diagnosis, 55% occurred in community settings, and 45% occurred in institutional settings.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective cohort study of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, dementia was associated with a marked increase in migration rates over other major illnesses. This finding underscores the need to understand the factors associated with these distinct migration behaviors.