bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A gut pathobiont synergizes with the microbiota to instigate inflammatory disease marked by immunoreactivity against other symbionts but not itself
Authors: Gomes-Neto João Carlos , Kittana Hatem , Mantz Sara , Segura Munoz Rafael R. , Schmaltz Robert J. , Bindels Laure B. , Clarke Jennifer , Hostetter Jesse M. , Benson Andrew K. , Walter Jens , Ramer-Tait Amanda E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are likely driven by aberrant immune responses directed against the resident microbiota. Although IBD is commonly associated with a dysbiotic microbiota enriched in putative pathobionts, the etiological agents of IBD remain unknown. Using a pathobiont-induced intestinal inflammation model and a defined bacterial community, we provide new insights into the immune-microbiota interactions during disease. In this model system, the pathobiontHelicobacter bilisinstigates disease following sub-pathological dextran sulfate sodium treatment. We show thatH. biliscauses mild inflammation in mono-associated mice, but severe disease in the presence of a microbiota, demonstrating synergy between the pathobiont and microbiota in exacerbating pathology. Remarkably, inflammation depends on the presence ofH. bilis, but is marked by a predominant Th17 response against specific members of the microbiota and not the pathobiont, even upon the removal of the most immune-dominant taxa. Neither increases in pathobiont burden nor unique changes in immune-targeted microbiota member abundances are observed during disease. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that a pathobiont instigates inflammation without being the primary target of a Th17 response or by altering the microbiota community structure. Moreover, our findings point toward monitoring pathobiont-induced changes in microbiota immune targeting as a new concept in IBD diagnotics.
Evidence for hippocampal dependence of value-based decisions
Authors: Enkavi A. Zeynep , Weber Bernd , Zweyer Iris , Wagner Jan , Elger Christian E. , Weber Elke U. , Johnson Eric J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractConsistent decisions are intuitively desirable and theoretically important for utility maximization. Neuroeconomics has established the neurobiological substrate of value representation, but brain regions that provide input to this network is less explored. The constructed-preference tradition within behavioral decision research gives a critical role to associative cognitive processes, suggesting a hippocampal role in making consistent decisions. We compared the performance of 31 patients with mediotemporal lobe (MTL) epilepsy and hippocampal lesions, 30 patients with extratemporal lobe epilepsy, and 30 healthy controls on two tasks: binary choices between candy bars based on their preferences and a number-comparison control task where the larger number is chosen. MTL patients made more inconsistent choices than the other two groups for the value-based choice but not the number-comparison task. These inconsistencies correlated with the volume of compromised hippocampal tissue. These results add to increasing evidence on a critical involvement of the MTL in preference construction and value-based choices.
Detection of Cystic Fibrosis Serological Biomarkers Using a T7 Phage Display Library
Authors: Talwar Harvinder , Hanoudi Samer Najeeb , Geamanu Andreea , Kissner Dana , Draghici Sorin , Samavati Lobelia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CF is characterized by repeated lung infections leading to respiratory failure. Using a high-throughput method, we developed a T7 phage display cDNA library derived from mRNA isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and leukocytes of sarcoidosis patients. This library was biopanned to obtain 1070 potential antigens. A microarray platform was constructed and immunoscreened with sera from healthy (n = 49), lung cancer (LC) (n = 31) and CF (n = 31) subjects. We built 1,000 naïve Bayes models on the training sets. We selected the top 20 frequently significant clones ranked with student t-test discriminating CF antigens from healthy controls and LC at a False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.01. The performances of the models were validated on an independent validation set. The mean of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the classifiers was 0.973 with a sensitivity of 0.999 and specificity of 0.959. Finally, we identified CF specific clones that correlate highly with sweat chloride test, BMI, and FEV1% predicted values. For the first time, we show that CF specific serological biomarkers can be identified through immunocreenings of a T7 phage display library with high accuracy, which may have utility in development of molecular therapy.
The kinematics of handwriting movements as expression of cognitive and sensorimotor impairments in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bisio Ambra , Pedullà Ludovico , Bonzano Laura , Tacchino Andrea , Brichetto Giampaolo , Bove Marco 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHandwriting is an important activity of daily living, which requires sensorimotor and cognitive skills that could deteriorate in presence of neurological diseases. Handwriting impairments are common in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Aims of the present study were to characterize handwriting movement features of PwMS in comparison with those of healthy adults, and to evaluate the relationship between kinematic parameters of handwriting movements and the results of the assessment of cognitive and motor domains. A new handwriting evaluation methodology was applied to quantify handwriting features of 19 PwMS and 22 age-matched healthy controls who were required to write a sentence on a digitizing tablet. Kinematic parameters of the sentence and of the strokes were used to evaluate handwriting performance. PwMS showed an altered handwriting kinematics with respect to healthy controls: higher movement duration, fragmented velocity profile and higher jerk. Furthermore, motor abilities and cognitive status of PwMS were related to handwriting parameters in accordance with the evidence that MS is a multifactorial disease affecting different domains. These results suggested that the proposed methodology might be a valuable tool to quantitatively assess handwriting impairments and the efficacy of handwriting treatments in PwMS.
Hormonal Contraceptives Differentially Suppress TFV and TAF Inhibition of HIV Infection and TFV-DP in Blood and Genital Tract CD4+ T cells
Authors: Shen Zheng , Rodriguez-Garcia Marta , Patel Mickey V. , Bodwell Jack , Kashuba Angela D. M. , Wira Charles R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHIV prevention research is focused on combining antiretrovirals (ARV) and progestin contraceptives to prevent HIV infection and pregnancy. The possibility that progestins compromise ARV anti-HIV activity prompted us to evaluate the effects of progestins on tenofovir (TFV) and TFV-alafenamide (TAF) on HIV infection and intracellular TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations in blood and genital CD4+ T cells. Following incubation of blood CD4+ T cells with TFV or TAF, Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), but not Levonorgestrel, Norethisterone or progesterone, suppressed the anti-HIV effect of TFV by reducing intracellular TFV-DP, but had no effect on TAF inhibition of infection or TFV-DP. In contrast, with genital CD4+ T cells, MPA suppressed TAF inhibition of HIV infection and lowered of TFV-DP concentrations without affecting TFV protection. These findings demonstrate that MPA selectively compromises TFV and TAF protection in blood and genital CD4+ T cells and suggests that MPA may decrease ARV protection in individuals who use ARV intermittently for prevention.
3-D Modelling and Experimental Comparison of Reactive Flow in Carbonates under Radial Flow Conditions
Authors: Liu Piyang , Yao Jun , Couples Gary Douglas , Ma Jingsheng , Iliev Oleg 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe use a two-scale continuum model to simulate reactive flow and wormhole formation in carbonate rocks under 3-D radial flow conditions. More specifically, we present a new structure-property relationship based on the fractal geometry theory, to describe the evolution of local permeability, pore radius, and specific area with porosity variation. In the numerical calculation, to improve the convergence rate, the heterogeneous medium in question is extended by adding a thin layer of homogeneous porous medium to its inlet. We compare the simulation results with the available experimental observations and find that they are qualitatively consistent with each other. Additionally, sensitivity analysis of the dissolution process with respect to acid injection rate and rock heterogeneity, including heterogeneity magnitude and correlation length, is presented.
Gene expression profiling in the intestinal mucosa of obese rats administered probiotic bacteria
Authors: Plaza-Díaz Julio , Robles-Sánchez Cándido , Abadía-Molina Francisco , Sáez-Lara María José , Vilchez-Padial Laura María , Gil Ángel , Gómez-Llorente Carolina , Fontana Luis 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe investigated whether the administration of Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034, Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 modulate the expression of genes in the intestinal mucosa of obese Zucker rats. Forty-eight Zucker-Leprfa/fa and 16 Zucker lean Lepr+/fa rats were used. Eight Zucker lean Lepr+/fa and 8 Zucker-Leprfa/fa rats were euthanized as a reference. The remaining 40 Zucker-Leprfa/fa rats were then assigned to receive 1010 colony forming units (CFU) of one of the three probiotic strains, a mixture of L. paracasei CNCM I-4034 and B. breve CNCM I-4035, or a placebo by oral administration for 30 days. An additional group of 8 Zucker lean Lepr+/fa rats received the placebo for 30 days. Over 27,000 rat genes were studied using a DNA array. Four animals per group were used. Total RNA was extracted from intestinal mucosa and cDNA was synthesized, fragmented and labeled. Labeled cDNA was hybridized using GeneChip kits, and the latter were scanned. Intensity values of each probe were processed and normalized to obtain an individual value for each set of probes.
Narrowband balanced absorptive bandstop filter integrated with wideband bandpass response
Authors: Kong Mengdan , Wu Yongle , Zhuang Zheng , Liu Yuanan 
Published: December 2017

A novel narrowband balanced absorptive bandstop filter (BABSF) with wideband bandpass response is proposed, which consists of four coupled‐line sections with open‐circuited stubs, two half‐wavelength transmission lines, and two ground resistors. Excellent differential‐mode response with narrowband bandstop response and wideband bandpass property is realised for high frequency selectivity. Good common‐mode suppression can be achieved, rejecting the interference noise. For demonstration, a BABSF prototype operating at 2 GHz is designed with good agreement between simulated and measured results.
Line-dependent veiling in very active classical T Tauri stars
Authors: Rei A. C. S. , Petrov P. P. , Gameiro J. F. 
Published: December 2017

Context. The T Tauri stars with active accretion disks show veiled photospheric spectra. This is supposedly due to non-photospheric continuum radiated by hot spots beneath the accretion shocks at stellar surface and/or chromospheric emission lines radiated by the post-shocked gas. The amount of veiling is often considered as a measure of the mass-accretion rate.
Aim. We analysed high-resolution photospheric spectra of accreting T Tauri stars LkHα 321, V1331 Cyg, and AS 353A with the aim of clarifying the nature of the line-dependent veiling. Each of these objects shows a strong emission line spectrum and powerful wind features indicating high rates of accretion and mass loss.
Methods. Equivalent widths of hundreds of weak photospheric lines were measured in the observed spectra of high quality and compared with those in synthetic spectra of appropriate models of stellar atmospheres.
Results. The photospheric spectra of the three T Tauri stars are highly veiled. We found that the veiling is strongly line-dependent: larger in stronger photospheric lines and weak or absent in the weakest ones. No dependence of veiling on excitation potential within 0 to 5 eV was found. Different physical processes responsible for these unusual veiling effects are discussed in the framework of the magnetospheric accretion model.
Conclusions. The observed veiling has two origins: (1) an abnormal structure of stellar atmosphere heated up by the accreting matter, and (2) a non-photospheric continuum radiated by a hot spot with temperature lower than 10 000 K. The true level of the veiling continuum can be derived by measuring the weakest photospheric lines with equivalent widths down to ≈10 mÅ. A limited spectral resolution and/or low signal-to-noise ratio results in overestimation of the veiling continuum. In the three very active stars, the veiling continuum is a minor contributor to the observed veiling, while the major contribution comes from the line-dependent veiling.
4-Selective Pyridine Functionalization Reactions via Heterocyclic Phosphonium Salts
Authors: McNally Andrew , Dolewski Ryan , Hilton Michael 
Published: December 2017

Pyridines are widely used across the chemical sciences in applications ranging from pharmaceuticals, ligands for metal complex and battery technologies. Direct functionalization of pyridine C–H bonds is an important strategy to make useful pyridine derivatives, but there are few ways to selectively transform the 4-position of the scaffold. We recently reported that pyridines can be converted into heterocyclic phosphonium salts that can serve as generic handles for multiple subsequent bond-forming processes. Reactions with nucleophiles and transition-metal cross-couplings will be described to make C–O, C–S, C–N, and C–C bonds in a diverse range of pyridines including those embedded in complex pharmaceuticals.1	Introduction2	Direct, Regioselective Functionalization of Pyridines3	4-Position Selectivity via Metal Catalysis4	Versatile Functional Groups versus Specific Bond Constructions5	Phosphonium Salts as Reagents for Pyridine Functionalization6	Conclusions
A Short Report on Single Stage Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Carotid Stenting
Authors: Gennari Marco , Trabattoni Piero , Bartorelli Antonio , Agrifoglio Marco 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNo consensus exists on the timing, safety, and efficacy of treating severe symptomatic aortic and carotid stenosis. In the older population and in the presence of multiple comorbidities that arise during the surgery, a less invasive transcatheter treatment may be the only reasonable option. We discuss this topic by analyzing a case of an 84-year-old man who underwent a combined single-stage transcatheter procedure.
Triple Coronary Artery Thrombosis Presenting as Acute Anterior ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kahraman Serkan , Ucar Hakan , Ozyılmaz Sinem , Allahverdiyev Samir , Ermis Emrah 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSimultaneous multivessel epicardial coronary artery thrombosis is an uncommon finding in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). It generally leads to cardiogenic shock and sudden cardiac death in the hospital. We report a 42-year-old male patient presenting with acute anterior STEMI with triple coronary artery thrombosis. An emergency coronary angiogram showed total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) with thrombus formation. At the same time, thrombus formations were also seen in the circumflex artery (CXA), the second obtuse marginal (OM2) branch, and the distal right coronary artery (RCA). We unsuccessfully attempted thrombus aspiration of the LAD. Subsequently, we decided to stent the LAD, and a successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed for the LAD. In a second procedure, RCA thrombosis regressed with 24-hour tirofiban (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor) perfusion, although CXA thrombosis and OM thrombosis did not regress. Therefore, we performed stenting of the CXA and OM with a newer provisional technique called the flower petal technique. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade III was seen after stenting. The patient was discharged from the hospital 5 days after PCI without any symptoms.
Neuartige Technik zur Präparation eines 3- oder 5-strängigen Hamstring-Transplantats für die individualisierte Single-Bundle-VKB- oder -HKB-Rekonstruktion
Authors: Rößler Philip , Schüttler Karl-Friedrich , Efe Turgay 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Entwicklung einer Präparationstechnik für Hamstring-Sehnen zur Gewährleistung maximaler intraoperativer Flexibilität im Rahmen der individualisierten Kreuzbandchirurgie.
Indikationen Primäre VKB- oder HKB-Rekonstruktion sowie deren Revisionsoperationen.
Methode Drei- oder 5-strängige Transplantate können mithilfe der Semitendinosus- und Gracilissehne unter zusätzlicher Verstärkung durch Fiber Tape sowie mit einem konventionellen femoralen Aufhängungssystem präpariert werden. Fiber Tape und Knotentechnik erlauben eine freie Beweglichkeit der Schlaufe des Aufhängungssystems. Die Technik bietet durch ihre Einfachheit höchstmögliche intraoperative Skalierbarkeit.
Die subtalare Schraubenarthrorise zur Behandlung des symptomatischen, flexiblen Pes planovalgus – Ergebnisse und eine aktuelle Literaturübersicht
Authors: Arbab Dariusch , Frank Daniel , Bouillon Bertil , Lüring Christian , Wingenfeld Carsten , Abbara-Czardybon Mona 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die subtalare Schraubenarthrorise zur Behandlung des symptomatischen flexiblen Pes planovalgus erfreut sich zunehmender Beliebtheit. Die vorliegende retrospektive Arbeit stellt klinische und radiologische Ergebnisse nach minimalinvasiver Talus-Stopp-Operation dar.
Material und Methoden In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnten 73 Füße von 41 Kindern retrospektiv untersucht werden, die im Zeitraum zwischen 2002 und 2011 mittels subtalarer Schraubenarthrorise operiert wurden. Das durchschnittliche Alter lag zwischen 9 und 14 Jahren (Durchschnitt 11,8 Jahre). Die radiologische Untersuchung umfasste neben der Erhebung des Kalkaneus-Boden-Winkels und des Talusneigungswinkels die Bestimmung des Talus-Metatarsale-I-Winkels nach Meary und des Kalkaneus-Metatarsale-I-Winkels nach Costa-Bartani sowie die Bestimmung des TMT-Indexes.
Ergebnisse 95% der Patient waren mit dem postoperativen Ergebnis hinsichtlich Stellung des Fußes, Beschwerden und Aktivitätsniveau zufrieden oder sehr zufrieden. 95% der Beteiligten berichteten über keine Einschränkungen ihrer Alltagsaktivitäten oder sportlichen Betätigungen. Radiologisch verbesserten sich alle gemessenen Winkel signifikant, ausgenommen die Talusneigung. Es wurden keine Schraubendislokationen oder Schraubenbrüche festgestellt. Zwei Kinder (2,6%) klagten initial über peroneale Spasmen, ein Patient (1,3%) berichtete über wiederholte Distorsionen aufgrund einer Überkorrektur. Bei einem Kind (1,3%) trat eine Wundheilungsstörung auf.
Schlussfolgerung Die Talus-Stopp-Operation stellt eine sichere und effektive Behandlungsoption des symptomatischen, flexiblen Pes planovalgus bei Kindern und Jugendlichen dar. Die postoperativen Ergebnisse sind sehr zufriedenstellend und gehen mit einer schnellen Rekonvaleszenz einher. Die Rate schwerer Komplikationen ist gering. Die Berücksichtigung beider radiologischer Ebenen und Bestimmung des TMT-Indexes erscheint sinnvoll, um eine genaue Beurteilung der mehrdimensionalen Fehlstellungen prä- und postoperativ zu ermöglichen.
Inter-Rater Reliability of Air/Saline HyCoSy, HyFoSy and HyFoSy Combined With Power Doppler for Screening Tubal Patency
Authors: Ludwin Inga , Ludwin Artur , Nastri Carolina , Coelho Neto Marcela , Kottner Jan , Martins Wellington 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Purpose To estimate the inter-observer reliability and agreement of offline analyses of three different ultrasound techniques for assessing tubal patency.
Methods 100 tubes (n = 100) in 50 women were evaluated for tubal patency between November 2013 and July 2015 using ultrasound as index tests and laparoscopy as the reference standard. Three different ultrasound techniques were applied: two-dimensional grayscale ultrasound using air + saline as the contrast media (2D-HyCoSy); two- and three-dimensional grayscale ultrasound using foam as the contrast media (2 D/3D-HyFoSy); and the same technique but adding bi-directional power Doppler (2 D/3D-Doppler-HyFoSy). The videos containing full standardized exams using these three techniques were split into three parts, anonymized, encoded, randomized and reassessed in Nov. 2015 by two observers who assessed tubal patency using standardized criteria. These observers were blinded to any clinical information and each other’s results. Proportions of observed agreement (po) and Cohen's Kappa (κ) including the 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
Results The inter-observer reliability/agreement in 2 D/3D-Doppler-HyFoSy (po = 0.99, κ = 0.95, 95 % CI: 0.93 – 0.97) was higher compared to 2D-air/saline-HyCoSy (po = 0.83, κ = 0.55, 95 % CI: 0.40 – 0.68) and 2 D/3D-HyFoSy (po = 0.92, κ = 0.67, 95 % CI: 0.54 – 0.76).
Conclusion The inter-observer reliability and agreement of the diagnosis of tubal patency evaluating stored videos are improved when foam and power Doppler are used during acquisition. Therefore, this technique may be preferred to minimize misclassification and misdiagnosis.
Die Frage nach Zusammenhängen in multivariaten Datensätzen zur Behandlung der nvAMD
Authors: Wilke Robert , Finger Robert , Sachs Helmut 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die statistische Beurteilung klinischer Fallserien ist nicht ohne Schwierigkeiten. Scheinkorrelationen können bei der Analyse entstehen, wenn der Zusammenhang zwischen nur einer einzelnen Einflussgröße und der Zielgröße untersucht wird. Häufig ist dies der Fall, wenn sogenannte konfundierende Variablen (d. h. weitere Variablen, welche das Ergebnis beeinflussen) nicht berücksichtigt werden. In prospektiven Studien werden diese Variablen entweder so weit als möglich kontrolliert, oder sie werden durch Randomisierung zwischen den Gruppen ausgeglichen. In retrospektiven Auswertungen kann diese Technik nicht angewendet werden. Stattdessen sollte eine multivariate Analyse durchgeführt werden, die alle bekannten und dokumentierten Variablen berücksichtigt.
Patienten/Material und Methoden Statistische Evaluation der Einflussgrößen auf das Visusergebnis am Ende des 2. Jahres einer Anti-VEGF-Therapie an einem Datensatz aus 1300 nvAMD-Fällen (nvAMD: neovaskuläre altersabhängige Makuladegeneration). Die folgenden Einflussgrößen (Variablen) wurden untersucht: Ausgangsvisus, Netzhautdicke zur Baseline, Alter bei Baseline, mittleres Visitenintervall, Anzahl an Injektionen, Visusgewinn nach dem Upload sowie ein Wechsel des Anti-VEGF-Präparats. Zielgröße war der Gewinn oder Verlust der Sehschärfe als Letter Score am Ende des 2. Jahres.
Ergebnisse Alle untersuchten Variablen haben einen deutlichen Einfluss auf das Visusergebnis, sofern nur einzelne Regressionen untersucht werden. Eine initiale Analyse des Einflusses einer Therapieumstellung zeigt einen scheinbar großen Einfluss auf den Visusverlauf. Die multivariate Analyse zur Vermeidung von Scheinkorrelationen zeigt jedoch, dass nur die folgenden Variablen das Visusergebnis statistisch signifikant beeinflusst haben: Ausgangsvisus, Visusgewinn nach dem Upload, Anzahl an Injektionen, Visitenintervall sowie Netzhautdicke zur Baseline. Die Therapieumstellung selbst hat keinen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf das Visusergebnis.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Umstellung der Anti-VEGF-Therapie ist nicht ursächlich für einen besseren Visusverlauf. Bei der statistischen Analyse von nicht randomisierten, retrospektiven Daten ist es besonders wichtig, konfundierende Variablen zu berücksichtigen. Sind die untersuchten Subgruppen nicht für diese Variablen ausgeglichen, können Scheinkorrelationen entstehen, die nicht die tatsächlichen Zusammenhänge abbilden.