bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous evolution of multiple dispersal components and kernel
Authors: Tung Sudipta , Mishra Abhishek , Shreenidhi P.M. , Aamir Sadiq Mohammed , Joshi Sripad , Shree Sruti V.R. , Dey Sutirth 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGlobal climate is changing rapidly and is accompanied by large-scale fragmentation and destruction of habitats. Since dispersal is the first line of defense for mobile organisms to cope with such adversities in their environment, it is important to understand the causes and consequences of evolution of dispersal. Although dispersal is a complex phenomenon involving multiple dispersal-traits like propensity (tendency to leave the natal patch) and ability (to travel long distances), the relationship between these traits is not always straight-forward, it is not clear whether these traits can evolve simultaneously or not, and how their interactions affect the overall dispersal profile. To investigate these issues, we subjected four large (N∼2500) outbred populations ofDrosophila melanogasterto artificial selection for increased dispersal, in a setup that mimicked increasing habitat fragmentation over 33 generations. The propensity and ability of the selected populations were significantly greater than the non-selected controls and the difference persisted even in the absence of proximate drivers for dispersal. The dispersal kernel evolved to have significantly greater standard deviation and reduced values of skew and kurtosis, which ultimately translated into the evolution of a greater frequency of long-distance dispersers (LDDs). We also found that although sex-biased dispersal exists inDrosophila melanogaster, its expression can vary depending on which dispersal component is being measured and the environmental condition under which dispersal takes place. Interestingly though, there was no difference between the two sexes in terms of dispersal evolution. We discuss possible reasons for why some of our results do not agree with previous laboratory and field studies. The rapid evolution of multiple components of dispersal and the kernel, expressed even in the absence of stress, indicates that dispersal evolution cannot be ignored while investigating eco-evolutionary phenomena like speed of range expansion, disease spread, evolution of invasive species and destabilization of metapopulation dynamics.Data AccessibilityData will be deposited to dryad if accepted.
The view of the native gauges of blood pressure – focus on atrium (hydrodynamics and rheology)
Authors: Kamnev Yuri 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe precision of the inlet parameters depends on mechanism of response. Reflexes are satisfied with relative higher or lower but if the inlet information is presented by different parameters and the response is calculated according to some equation precision must reach the degree which does not slur over the results of calculation. At recent work the equation for controlling of circulation was suggested where the main inlet parameters are the arterial diastolic and vinous pressures and it becomes pertinent to analyze how organism can perceive these pressures with hydrodynamic accuracy. As far as the velocity pressure component of total pressure can not be detected by wall receptor of the rectilinear section of artery it was noticed that baroreceptors are located at the outer radius of the bend of central arteries and that is justified due to specific distribution of pressure. This phenomenon can be interpreted as a correction of measuring of static pressure with regard for velocity pressure component. Velocity pressure component of venous pressure is comparable with the one of arterial pressure but static components of venous and arterial pressures are incomparable and it is the fact that cannot be ignored when choosing the gauge. The possible method of measuring of pressure is based on observation that pressure-volume vector of the ventricular cycle is similar to a-loop vector of atrial cycle. Ventricular filling vector and x-trough vector show the behavior of viscous material but v-loop inserted into a-loop demonstrates typical viscoelasticity with creep. If viscous deformation of atrium at early relaxation possesses standard duration being stopped by transformation of viscous deformation into viscoelastic deformation the venous pressure can be measured in accordance with the value of viscous deformation. Measuring of pressure by viscous method implemented by atrium has the advantage comparing to measuring by baroreceptor with elastic sensor. Early relaxation of atrium which reveals coefficient of viscosity corresponds to ventricular relaxation and its coefficient of viscosity but the latter is liable to different biochemical shifts. Such shifts influences the atrial coefficient of viscosity either and the values of venous pressure measured by viscous method will be more accurate for calculations because coefficient of viscosity participates in the equation being not estimated in organism.
IRNdb: The database of immunologically relevant non-coding RNAs
Authors: Denisenko Elena , Ho Daniel , Tamgue Ousman , Ozturk Mumin , Suzuki Harukazu , Brombacher Frank , Guler Reto , Schmeier Sebastian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and other functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators involved in multiple biological processes. Recently, ncRNA control of gene expression has been identified as a critical regulatory mechanism in the immune system. Despite the great efforts made to discover and characterize ncRNAs, the functional role for most remains unknown. To facilitate discoveries in ncRNA regulation of immune system-related processes we developed the database of immunologically relevant ncRNAs and target genes (IRNdb). We integrated mouse data on predicted and experimentally supported ncRNA-target interactions, ncRNA and gene annotations, biological pathways and processes, and experimental data in a uniform format with a user-friendly web interface. The current version of IRNdb documents 12,930 experimentally supported miRNA-target interactions between 724 miRNAs and 2,427 immune-related murine targets. In addition, we recorded 22,453 lncRNA-immune target and 377 PIWI-interacting RNA-immune target interactions. IRNdb is a comprehensive searchable data repository which will be of help in studying the role of ncRNAs in the immune system.Database URL:http://irndb.org
Seqping: Gene Prediction Pipeline for Plant Genomes using Self-Trained Gene Models and Transcriptomic Data
Authors: Chan Kuang-Lim , Rosli Rozana , Tatarinova Tatiana , Hogan Michael , Firdaus-Raih Mohd , Low Eng-Ti Leslie 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTSummaryAlthough various software are available for gene prediction, none of the currently available gene-finders have a universal Hidden Markov Models (HMM) that can perform gene prediction for all organisms equally well in an automatic fashion. Here, we report an automated pipeline that performs gene prediction using selftrained HMM models and transcriptomic data. The program processes the genome and transcriptome sequences of a target species through GlimmerHMM, SNAP, and AUGUSTUS training pipeline that ends with the program MAKER2 combining the predictions from the three models in association with the transcriptomic evidence. The pipeline generates species-specific HMMs and is able to predict genes that are not biased to other model organisms. Our evaluation of the program revealed that it performed better than the use of the closest related HMM from a standalone program.Availability and ImplementationDistributed under the GNU license with free download athttp://sourceforge.net/projects/seqpingandhttp://genomsawit.mpob.gov.my.Contactchankl@mpob.gov.mySupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Tracking official development assistance for reproductive health in conflict‐affected countries: 2002—2011
Authors: Patel P , Dahab M , Tanabe M , Murphy A , Ettema L , Guy S , Roberts B 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo provide information on trends on official development assistance (ODA) disbursement patterns for reproductive health activities in 18 conflict‐affected countries.DesignSecondary data analysis.Sample18 conflict‐affected countries and 36 non‐conflict‐affected countries.MethodsThe Creditor Reporting System (CRS) database was analyzed for ODA disbursement for direct and indirect reproductive health activities to 18 conflict‐affected countries (2002–2011). A comparative analysis was also made with 36 non‐conflict‐affected counties in the same ‘least‐developed’ income category. Multivariate regression analyses examined associations between conflict status and reproductive health ODA and between reproductive needs and ODA disbursements.Main outcome measuresPatterns of ODA disbursements (constant U.S. dollars) for reproductive health activities.ResultsThe average annual ODA disbursed for reproductive health to 18 conflict‐affected countries from 2002 to 2011 was US$ 1.93 per person per year. There was an increase of 298% in ODA for reproductive health activities to the conflict‐affected countries between 2002 and 2011; 56% of this increase was due to increases in HIV/AIDS funding. The average annual per capita reproductive health ODA disbursed to least‐developed non‐conflict‐affected countries was 57% higher than to least‐developed conflict‐affected countries. Regression analyses confirmed disparities in ODA to and between conflict‐affected countries.ConclusionsDespite increases in ODA for reproductive health for conflict‐affected countries (albeit largely for HIV/AIDS activities), considerable disparities remains.Tweetable abstractStudy tracking 10 years of aid for reproductive aid shows major disparities for conflict‐affected countries.
Distance and Border Effects on Price Transmission: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Kouyaté Carolin , von Cramon‐Taubadel Stephan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUsing price transmission estimates for 1,189 cereal market pairs extracted from 57 published studies in a meta‐analysis, we examine whether geographic distance and separation by an international border affects the strength and speed of price transmission. Our findings indicate that a border reduces the likelihood that two cereal prices will be cointegrated by 23%, and each additional 1,000 km of distance reduces the probability of cointegration by 7%. The speed of price transmission is on average 13 percentage points per period faster between prices that are located within the same country compared with cross‐border price pairs. Our meta‐analysis also indicates that increasing distance strongly reduces the speed of price transmission on domestic markets, but that the effect of distance on the speed of transmission is considerably weaker for trade over longer international distances. Overall, these results confirm expectations and complement the findings in the trade literature that borders and distance affect trade flows and price dispersion.
Real Assets, Liquidation Value and Choice of Financing
Authors: Liu Crocker H. , Liu Peng , Zhang Zhipeng 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe use real estate firms to examine how asset liquidation values influence a firm's financing choice, because the productivity and quality of each asset is observable and potential measures of an asset's liquidation value are easier to ascertain ex ante. We show that compared to firms that issue equity, firms that issue debt have higher asset quality. The effect of their expected asset liquidation value is significant, even after we control for other factors that influence financing decisions. For firms whose assets' quality is not easily observable, we find that firms' financing choices depend heavily on conditions in the overall real estate market.
Radiation therapy‐induced neuro‐Sweet disease in a patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wallett Arabella , Newland Kate , Foster‐Smith Erwin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNeurological involvement is a rare extracutanenous manifestation of Sweet's syndrome. We present a novel case of radiation therapy‐induced neuro‐Sweet disease in a patient receiving treatment for an oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Role of oral tramadol 50 mg in reducing pain associated with outpatient hysteroscopy: A randomised double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Hassan AbdelGany , Haggag Hisham 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundSeveral drugs have been used to reduce hysteroscopy‐associated pain. Although the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists has recommended against the use of opiates in outpatient hysteroscopy, we wished to investigate if opioids can be used if the appropriate opioid was given in the appropriate dose.AimTo study the effectiveness of tramadol 50 mg in reducing pain associated with outpatient hysteroscopy.Materials and MethodsA prospective randomised double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial conducted in the outpatient hysteroscopy clinic at Cairo University Hospital. Main outcome measures were the severity of pain during the procedure, immediately after the procedure and 30 minutes later assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS). VAS of 0 indicates no pain and VAS of 10 indicates the worst possible pain.ResultsA total of 140 women who had diagnostic outpatient hysteroscopy were randomised to receive oral tramadol 50 mg or placebo one h before performing outpatient hysteroscopy. There was no difference between the groups in the age, parity, duration of the procedures or indications of hysteroscopy. The median pain score was significantly lower in the tramadol group during the procedure (5 vs 6; P = 0.013), immediately after the procedure (3 vs 4; P < 0.036), and 30 minute later (1 vs 2; P = 0.034). Two women in the tramadol group reported nausea, but this was mild and did not warrant cancelling the procedure.ConclusionsOral administration of tramadol 50 mg before hysteroscopy reduces the pain evoked by the procedure and the drug was well tolerated by women.
Vascular Reactivity Profile of Novel KCa3.1‐Selective Positive‐Gating Modulators in the Coronary Vascular Bed
Authors: Oliván‐Viguera Aida , Valero Marta Sofía , Pinilla Estéfano , Amor Sara , García‐Villalón Ángel Luis , Coleman Nichole , Laría Celia , Calvín‐Tienza Víctor , García‐Otín Ángel‐Luis , Fernández‐Fernández José M. , Murillo Mª Divina , Gálvez José A. , Díaz‐de‐Villegas María D. , Badorrey Ramón , Simonsen Ulf , Rivera Luis , Wulff Heike , Köhler Ralf 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOpening of intermediate‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels (KCa3.1) produces membrane hyperpolarization in the vascular endothelium. Here, we studied the ability of two new KCa3.1‐selective positive‐gating modulators, SKA‐111 and SKA‐121, to (1) evoke porcine endothelial cell KCa3.1 membrane hyperpolarization, (2) induce endothelium‐dependent and, particularly, endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization (EDH)‐type relaxation in porcine coronary arteries (PCA) and (3) influence coronary artery tone in isolated rat hearts. In whole‐cell patch‐clamp experiments on endothelial cells of PCA (PCAEC), KCa currents evoked by bradykinin (BK) were potentiated ≈7‐fold by either SKA‐111 or SKA‐121 (both at 1 μM) and were blocked by a KCa3.1 blocker, TRAM‐34. In membrane potential measurements, SKA‐111 and SKA‐121 augmented bradykinin‐induced hyperpolarization. Isometric tension measurements in large‐ and small‐calibre PCA showed that SKA‐111 and SKA‐121 potentiated endothelium‐dependent relaxation with intact NO synthesis and EDH‐type relaxation to BK by ≈2‐fold. Potentiation of the BK response was prevented by KCa3.1 inhibition. In Langendorff‐perfused rat hearts, SKA‐111 potentiated coronary vasodilation elicited by BK. In conclusion, our data show that positive‐gating modulation of KCa3.1 channels improves BK‐induced membrane hyperpolarization and endothelium‐dependent relaxation in small and large PCA as well as in the coronary circulation of rats. Positive‐gating modulators of KCa3.1 could be therapeutically useful to improve coronary blood flow and counteract impaired coronary endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease.
Knowledge and Experience Predict Indiscriminate Bat‐Killing Intentions among Costa Rican Men
Authors: Reid J. Leighton 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflicts create collateral damage when people attempt to control one problematic species and inadvertently kill others. I observed a collateral damage problem in southern Costa where people seeking to control common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) indiscriminately killed sympatric, non‐target bat species (e.g., by baiting bats with poisoned bananas). To learn about this phenomenon and its causes, I developed and implemented a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior. In a sample of 504 men, 14 percent had individually killed 1–115 bats within the past 5 yr, 68 percent had killed bats as children, and 27 percent said that they would kill bats that they found roosting on their farms, even if they could not identify the species. Men who intended to indiscriminately kill bats thought that it would reduce disease transmission to livestock, whereas men who did not intend to kill bats thought that killing bats would reduce ecosystem functioning and/or damage nature. Ultimately, men were more likely to intend to indiscriminately kill bats if they knew less about bat natural history and/or had previously suffered vampire bats attacking their livestock. Men knew more about bat natural history and were less likely to harbor indiscriminate bat‐killing intentions if they had experienced some form of environmental education. My results suggest that environmental education will be most effective for bat conservation when combined with farmer support to ameliorate perceived livelihood risks associated with vampire bats.
Red coloration in young tropical leaves associated with reduced fungal pathogen damage
Authors: Tellez Peter , Rojas Enith , Van Bael Sunshine 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe adaptive significance of red coloration in tropical forest leaves remains unclear. In vivo assays show that there is a significant negative correlation between anthocyanin pigments in young leaves and fungal pathogen damage. This supports a previous hypothesis that anthocyanins may protect young leaves from fungal damage during the vulnerable period of leaf expansion.
Visualization and Quantification for Interactive Analysis of Neural Connectivity in Drosophila
Authors: Swoboda N. , Moosburner J. , Bruckner S. , Yu J. Y. , Dickson B. J. , Bühler K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNeurobiologists investigate the brain of the common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to discover neural circuits and link them to complex behaviour. Formulating new hypotheses about connectivity requires potential connectivity information between individual neurons, indicated by overlaps of arborizations of two or more neurons. As the number of higher order overlaps (i.e. overlaps of three or more arborizations) increases exponentially with the number of neurons under investigation, visualization is impeded by clutter and quantification becomes a burden. Existing solutions are restricted to visual or quantitative analysis of pairwise overlaps, as they rely on precomputed overlap data. We present a novel tool that complements existing methods for potential connectivity exploration by providing for the first time the possibility to compute and visualize higher order arborization overlaps on the fly and to interactively explore this information in both its spatial anatomical context and on a quantitative level. Qualitative evaluation by neuroscientists and non‐experts demonstrated the utility and usability of the tool.
Targeted Museum Programs for Older Adults: A Research and Program Review
Authors: Smiraglia Christina 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOlder adults are a growing segment of the population in the United States and other countries, but museum professionals are generally not as familiar with designing and evaluating programs for the elderly as they are for younger audiences. This study reviews research about, and descriptions of, programs targeted at older adults that can provide models for program development, improvement, and evaluation for museum professionals. Information from the past thirty years was reviewed, and the sources, settings, audiences, methods, types, and outcomes of 142 programs were examined. Five main types of programs were found: reminiscence, object‐oriented, art, storytelling, and lectures—along with an array of benefits for participants. The most common outcomes of programs for older adults were increased socialization and improved mood. The review found that many models for museum programming and related research exist in the health sector, and implications for museum research and practice are discussed.
Wie das angeborene Immunsystem die Immunität trainiert: neue Erkenntnisse über die atopische Dermatitis und kutane Bakterien
Authors: Skabytska Yuliya , Kaesler Susanne , Volz Thomas , Biedermann Tilo 
Published: January 2016

ZusammenfassungDie Haut ist das größte Organ an der Grenze zwischen Umwelt und Wirt. Sie spielt beim Schutz gegen Pathogene als physische Barriere, als erster Ort der Erkennung und als „Dirigent“ einer Reihe aufeinander folgender Immunreaktionen eine wichtige Rolle. Bei diesem Prozess ist eine Abstimmung zwischen ortsständigen Immunzellen in der Haut und zirkulierenden Immunzellen erforderlich. Früher wurde angenommen, dass die adaptive Immunantwort von B‐ und T‐Lymphozyten durch festgelegte angeborene Immunreaktionen gesteuert wird. Heute wissen wir, dass unterschiedliche Immunreaktionen auf verschiedene Mikroorganismen durch ebenfalls variierende Reaktionen gesteuert werden müssen. Dies geschieht auf der Ebene der Ersterkennung eines Mikroorganismus durch Rezeptoren des angeborenen Immunsystems. Nur eine Feinregulierung des angeborenen Immunsystems ermöglicht die Steuerung von Immunreaktionen auf Mikrobiota bei Abwesenheit einer Entzündung sowie auf Pathogene im Kontext von Schutzreaktionen wie zum Beispiel Entzündungen. Wie genau das angeborene Immunsystem sich adaptiert, ist auch von Bedeutung für Krankheiten wie die atopische Dermatitis (AD) mit chronischer Entzündung. In diesem Übersichtsartikel zeigen wir, wie das angeborene Immunsystem seine Reaktionen feinreguliert und legen dabei einen Schwerpunkt auf die immunologischen Konsequenzen der kutanen angeborenen Immunerkennung durch TLR2. Diese neuen Erkenntnisse sind höchst relevant für das Verständnis des Mikrobiota‐assoziierten Gesundheitszustands, der Immunabwehr und der Pathogenese chronisch kutaner Entzündungen, wie sie bei AD beobachtet werden.
Der Einsatz der Dermatoskopie in der Diagnose und Therapie von nichtmelanozytären Hautkrebsformen
Authors: Deinlein Teresa , Richtig Georg , Schwab Christoph , Scarfi Federica , Arzberger Edith , Wolf Ingrid , Hofmann‐Wellenhof Rainer , Zalaudek Iris 
Published: January 2016

ZusammenfassungDie Dermatoskopie stellt heute einen integrativen Teil jeder klinischen Hautkrebsuntersuchung dar, da sie die Früherkennung von melanozytären und nichtmelanozytären Hautkrebsformen im Vergleich zur Untersuchung mit dem bloßen Auge deutlich verbessert. Neben ihrem diagnostischen Einsatz nimmt diese nichtinvasive Methode auch eine zunehmende Rolle in der Wahl und Bewertung unterschiedlicher Therapien von nichtmelanozytären Hauttumoren wie Basalzellkarzinomen, aktinischen Keratosen, Plattenepithelkarzinomen, aber auch seltenen Tumoren wie dem Merkelzellkarzinom, Angiosarkom oder dem Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans ein. So ist die Dermatoskopie ein valides Werkzeug zur präoperativen Tumorrandbestimmung von Basalzellkarzinomen, kann aber auch zur Verlaufskontrolle nach erfolgter topischer Therapie von aktinischen Keratosen eingesetzt werden. In diesem Artikel soll ein Überblick über den Einsatz der Dermatoskopie in der Diagnose und Therapie unterschiedlicher Formen des nichtmelanozytären Hautkrebses gegeben werden.