bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of H2S Partial Pressures and Fugacities in Flowing Streams
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 179921, “Determination of H2S Partial Pressures and Fugacities in Flowing Streams for a More-Accurate Assessment of Integrity Threat in Sour Systems,” by Christopher Harper, Kanan Taghiyev, and Peter Wilkie, Baker Hughes, and Douglas Hall, Chevron, prepared for the 2016 SPE International Oilfield Corrosion Conference and Exhibition, Aberdeen, 9–10 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
An Excel-based tool was developed that uses cubic-equation-of-state (EOS) and thermodynamic electrolyte-chemistry modeling to assess sour-production streams from a reservoir, through production tubing, pipelines, and facilities to an export pipeline within a range of temperature and pressure conditions. The approach is need to assess the integrity risk posed to system components in the Alba field in the North Sea.
Theory and Methodology
To accurately determine multiphase sulfide concentrations, and therefore hydrogen sulfide (H2S) partial pressures and the resulting integrity threat in sour-production streams, it is first important to understand the pH-dependent distribution of the three species of sulfide that may be present in an aqueous solution. Many commercially available EOS software packages do not take into account aqueous pH- and speciation-driven aqueous sulfide solubility. They merely assume that the gas-phase and oil-phase H2S remains as H2S in all three phases and, as such, that the aqueous solubility is limited by the solubility of the H2S species in water.
The three species of sulfide that may be present in an aqueous solution are H2S, HS−, and S2−. How much of each species is present (as a fraction) is dependent largely upon the aqueous pH. H2S is the only species of sulfide that exists in all three phases; some aqueous sulfide must speciate to H2S before H2S is found in the oil and gas phases. Therefore, in an oil-production system in thermodynamic equilibrium, with an aqueous pH of 9.5 or higher, all sulfide must be in the water phase and oil and gas phases must be completely free of H2S. However, this would be very unusual in an oil- production system or reservoir where typical aqueous pH values are much lower.
At very low pH values, three-phase H2S distribution is driven by temperature and pressure alone: Increasing pressure reduces gas-phase H2S and increases oil- and water-phase H2S, whereas increasing temperature increases gas-phase H2S and reduces oil- and water-phase H2S (Fig. 1).
Bile acid composition of gallbladder contents in dogs with gallbladder mucocele and biliary sludge
Authors: Kakimoto Toshiaki , Kanemoto Hideyuki , Fukushima Kenjiro , Ohno Koichi , Tsujimoto Hajime 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine bile acid composition of gallbladder contents in dogs with gallbladder mucocele and biliary sludge.
ANIMALS 18 dogs with gallbladder mucocele (GBM group), 8 dogs with immobile biliary sludge (i-BS group), 17 dogs with mobile biliary sludge (m-BS group), and 14 healthy dogs (control group).
PROCEDURES Samples of gallbladder contents were obtained by use of percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis or during cholecystectomy or necropsy. Concentrations of 15 bile acids were determined by use of highperformance liquid chromatography, and a bile acid compositional ratio was calculated for each group.
RESULTS Concentrations of most bile acids in the GBM group were significantly lower than those in the control and m-BS groups. Compositional ratio of taurodeoxycholic acid, which is 1 of 3 major bile acids in dogs, was significantly lower in the GBM and i-BS groups, compared with ratios for the control and m-BS groups. The compositional ratio of taurocholic acid was significantly higher and that of taurochenodeoxycholic acid significantly lower in the i-BS group than in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, concentrations and fractions of bile acids in gallbladder contents were significantly different in dogs with gallbladder mucocele or immobile biliary sludge, compared with results for healthy control dogs. Studies are needed to determine whether changes in bile acid composition are primary or secondary events of gallbladder abnormalities.
Serum peptide/protein profiling by mass spectrometry provides diagnostic information independently of CA125 in women with an ovarian tumor
Authors: Callesen Anne K. , Madsen Jonna S. , Iachina Maria , Vach Werner , Kruse Torben A. , Jensen Ole N. , Mogensen Ole 
Published: January 2017

In the present study, the use of a robust and sensitive mass spectrometry based protein profiling analysis was tested as diagnostic tools for women with an ovarian tumor. The potential additional diagnostic value of serum protein profiles independent of the information provided by CA125 were also investigated. Protein profiles of 113 serum samples from women with an ovarian tumor (54 malign and 59 benign) were generated using MALDI-TOF MS. A total of 98 peaks with a significant difference (p< 0.01) in intensity between women with benign tumors/cysts and malignant ovarian tumors were identified. After average linkage clustering, a profile of 46 statistical significant mass peaks was identified to distinguish malignant tumors and benign tumors/cysts. In the subgroup of women with normal CA125 values (⩽ 35 U/mL) (62 patients) 36 of the 504 mass peaks showed significant (p< 0.05) differences in intensity between benign and malignant disease. After average linkage clustering, 25 statistical significant mass values were identified in this clinical difficult and important subgroup presenting with normal CA125 values. The current study demonstrates the potential of mass spectrometry based serum protein profiling as a diagnostic tool in discrimination between benign ovarian tumors/cysts and malignant ovarian tumors. Additionally, the method provided diagnostic information independent of CA125.
Breast cancer: Interaction between oxidant-antioxidant dynamics and inflammation in Indian females
Authors: Goswami Binita , Rajappa Medha , Gupta Nikhil , Mahto Mala , Hadke Niladhar S. , Mishra Tarun Kumar 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators have been implicated in breast carcinogenesis. We attempted to evaluate the markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant mechanism and the inflammatory pathway in patients with breast cancer. Methods: This study was carried out in departments of Biochemistry and Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College and associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India. A total of 60 cases of carcinoma of the breast and 60 healthy controls were included in the study. The parameters that were assayed include markers of oxidative stress-conjugated dienes, thiobarbitone reactive substances (TBARS), antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) and markers of inflammation-interleukin-6(IL-6) and ferritin. Results: There was a significant decline in the antioxidant levels and a significant rise in oxidant levels in patients with carcinoma of the breast, compared to controls. The inflammatory markers-IL-6 and ferritin-were also significantly higher in patients with breast cancer. A significantly positive correlation was observed between the IL-6 levels and conjugated dienes with the stage of breast carcinoma; whilst a significantly negative correlation was observed between the levels of conjugated dienes and superoxide dismutase and superoxide dismutase levels with the disease staging. Conclusions: This study underlines the interplay between inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Mini Abstract: An intense research is underway to identify the possible risk factors and the molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of breast cancer. Inflammation and oxidative stress are two such etiologies investigated in our study.
La réforme agraire sous la Seconde République espagnole (1931-1939)
Authors: Robledo Ricardo , Llecha Llop Canela 
Published: January 2017

La réforme agraire, au même titre que les restructurations religieuse, militaire ou d’organisation territoriale, fut l’une des grandes mutations structurelles que les gouvernants républicains furent amenés à entreprendre au printemps 1931. Dans cet article, nous exposons brièvement certaines des opinions qui, hier comme aujourd’hui, ont remis en question l’utilité ou la nécessité de la réforme adoptée en septembre 1932. Nous indiquons deux moments bien distincts dans l’application de la réforme : la réforme dite éclairée qui, par le biais des terres expropriées des Grands d’Espagne, permit d’attribuer un lot à quelques milliers de paysans, et la réforme venue d’en bas , engagée à la faveur du changement politique que constitue la victoire du Front populaire en février 1936 – la surface octroyée aux paysans jusqu’au mois de juillet fut alors cinq fois plus importante que celle qui avait été distribuée au cours des trois années précédentes. Nous décrivons pour finir l’intensification de la réforme au début de la guerre civile, un processus qui la rend dès lors comparable aux réformes européennes contemporaines, et les problèmes qui ont découlé de l’affrontement avec les communistes chargés de conduire la politique de défense de la petite paysannerie face à l’hostilité des anarchistes et des autres forces politiques.
Periodic Fever with Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, and Cervical Adenitis Syndrome Is Associated with a CARD8 Variant Unable To Bind the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Authors: Cheung Ming Sin , Theodoropoulou Katerina , Lugrin Jérôme , Martinon Fabio , Busso Nathalie , Hofer Michaël 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPeriodic fever with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) is a relatively common autoinflammatory condition that primarily affects children. Although tendencies were reported for this syndrome, genetic variations influencing risk and disease progression are poorly understood. In this study, we performed next-generation sequencing for 82 unrelated PFAPA patients and identified a frameshift variant in the CARD8 gene (CARD8-FS). Subsequently, we compared the frequency of CARD8-FS carriers in our PFAPA cohort (13.9%) with a healthy local population group (3.2%) and found a significant association between the CARD8-FS polymorphism and risk for PFAPA syndrome (p = 0.012; odds ratio: 4.96 [95% confidence interval, 1.33–18.47]). Moreover, CARD8-FS carriers display a distinct PFAPA phenotype that is characterized by a higher prevalence of symptoms out of flares and oral aphthosis (both p = 0.02 compared with PFAPA patients without the frameshift variant). CARD8 encodes a protein component of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which plays an important role in inflammation and contributes to the pathology of various autoinflammatory diseases. We found that the CARD8-FS variant led to a truncated CARD8 protein lacking the FIIND and CARD domains. As a result, the mutant CARD8 protein lost the ability to interact with the NOD domain of NLRP3. In summary, these results identify a new CARD8 variant associated with PFAPA and further suggest that disruption of the interaction between CARD8 and NLRP3 can regulate autoinflammation in patients.
New Perturbation Bounds Analysis of a Kind of Generalized Saddle Point Systems
Authors: Xu Wei-Wei , Liu Mao-Mao , Zhu Lei , Zuo Hong-Fu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper we consider new perturbation bounds analysis of a kind of generalized saddle point systems. We provide perturbation upper bounds for the solutions of generalized saddle point systems, which extend the corresponding results in [W.-W. Xu, W. Li, New perturbation analysis for generalized saddle point systems, Calcolo., 46(2009), pp. 25-36] to more general cases.
Real-time detection of highly oxidized organosulfates and BSOA marker compounds during the F-BEACh 2014 field study
Authors: Brüggemann Martin , Poulain Laurent , Held Andreas , Stelzer Torsten , Zuth Christoph , Richters Stefanie , Mutzel Anke , van Pinxteren Dominik , Iinuma Yoshiteru , Katkevica Sarmite , Rabe René , Herrmann Hartmut , Hoffmann Thorsten 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The chemical composition of ambient organic aerosols was analyzed using complementary mass spectrometric techniques during a field study in central Europe in July 2014 (Fichtelgebirge – Biogenic Emission and Aerosol Chemistry, F-BEACh 2014). Among several common biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) marker compounds, 93 acidic oxygenated hydrocarbons were detected with elevated abundances and were thus attributed to be characteristic for the organic aerosol mass at the site. Monoterpene measurements exhibited median mixing ratios of 1.6 and 0.8 ppbV for in and above canopy levels respectively. Nonetheless, concentrations for early-generation oxidation products were rather low, e.g., pinic acid (c  =  4.7 (±2.5) ng m−3). In contrast, high concentrations were found for later-generation photooxidation products such as 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid (MBTCA, c  =  13.8 (±9.0) ng m−3) and 3-carboxyheptanedioic acid (c  =  10.2 (±6.6) ng m−3), suggesting that aged aerosol masses were present during the campaign period. In agreement, HYSPLIT trajectory calculations indicate that most of the arriving air masses traveled long distances (>  1500 km) over land with high solar radiation. In addition, around 47 % of the detected compounds from filter sample analysis contained sulfur, confirming a rather high anthropogenic impact on biogenic emissions and their oxidation processes. Among the sulfur-containing compounds, several organosulfates, nitrooxy organosulfates, and highly oxidized organosulfates (HOOS) were tentatively identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Correlations among HOOS, sulfate, and highly oxidized multifunctional organic compounds (HOMs) support the hypothesis of previous studies that HOOS are formed by reactions of gas-phase HOMs with particulate sulfate. Moreover, periods with high relative humidity indicate that aqueous-phase chemistry might play a major role in HOOS production. However, for dryer periods, coinciding signals for HOOS and gas-phase peroxyradicals (RO2&amp;bullet;) were observed, suggesting RO2&amp;bullet; to be involved in HOOS formation.
Façades and Functions Sigurd Frosterus as a Critic of Architecture
Authors: Sarje Kimmo 
Published: January 2017

Alongside his work as a practising architect, Sigurd Frosterus (1876–1956) was one of Finland’s leading architectural critics during the first decades of the 20th century. In his early life, Frosterus was a strict rationalist who wanted to develop architecture towards scientific ideals instead of historical, archaeological, or mythological approaches. According to him, an architect had to analyse his tasks of construction in order to be able to logically justify his solutions, and he must take advantage of the possibilities of the latest technology. The particular challenge of his time was reinforced concrete. Frosterus considered that the buildings of a modern metropolis should be constructivist in expressing their purpose and technology honestly. The impulses of two famous European architects – Otto Wagner and Henry van de Velde – had a life-long influence on his work. Urban architecture with long street perspectives and houses with austere façades and unified eaves lines was the stylistic ideal that he shared with the Austrian architect Wagner. An open and enlightened urban experience was Frosterus’s future vision, not National Romantic capriciousness or intimacy drawing from the Middle Ages. According to Frosterus, the Belgian van de Velde was the master interior architect of the epoch, the interior of the Nietzsche Archives in Weimar being an excellent example of his work. However, already in the 1910s Frosterus’s rationalism developed towards a broader understanding of the functions of the façades of business edifices. In his brilliant analyses of the business palaces by the Finnish architects Armas Lindgren and Lars Sonck, he considered the symbolic and artistic values of the façades to be even more important than technological honesty. Moreover, references to the history of architecture had a crucial role in the 1920s and 1930s when he wrote about his main work– the Stockmann department store in the centre of Helsinki.
A Twist in the Song: Retracing Myth and Dante´s Poem in Heavy Metal Music
Authors: Botero Camacho Manuel , Picón del Campo Nuria 
Published: January 2017

Abstract:The study of music is gathering strength in the academic world, although the scope is still growing, and there are plenty of elements it does not contemplate yet. As a multidisciplinary subject, music has the power of the melody and the power of the lyrics, which, apart from being able to reach any social nook, makes it a gigantic cultural tool with the force of sending any kind of message in a dynamic and effective way. The way in which heavy metal – and especially its symphonic branch – plays with this duality of melody and text, together with the mythological content where its lyrics feed on makes this genre an essential step in this kind of research. This investigation has been focused on symphonic metal as a source of mythological knowledge to build a bridge that links this genre of popular music with one of the most celebrated works of literature of all times: The Divine Comedy: with a double purpose: on the one hand, to demonstrate the importance of this genre within our society and, on the other, to study yet one more field which has not escaped the influence of the Dantesque world.Resumen:El estudio de la música está cobrando fuerza en el mundo académico, aunque el alcance todavía está creciendo, y hay un montón de elementos que no contempla todavía. Al ser un tema multidisciplinario, la música tiene el poder de la melodía y el poder de las letras, que, además de ser capaz de llegar a cualquier rincón social, hace que sea una herramienta cultural gigantesca con la fuerza de enviar cualquier tipo de mensaje en una dinámica y manera efectiva. La manera en la que el Heavy Metal - y especialmente su rama sinfónica - juega con esta dualidad de la melodía de texto, junto con el contenido mitológico en el que sus letras se alimentan de este género se hace esencial en este tipo de investigación. Esta investigación se ha centrado en el metal sinfónico como una fuente de conocimiento mitológico para construir un puente que une el género de la música popular con una de las obras más célebres de la literatura de todos los tiempos: la Divina Comedia, con un doble objetivo: por una parte, para demostrar la importancia de este género dentro de nuestra sociedad y, por otro, para estudiar todo campo adicional que no ha escapado a la influencia del mundo dantesco.
The Gait of Hephaistos: Crooked Perceptions into Consilience
Authors: De Ciantis Cheryl 
Published: January 2017

Depth psychology provides a means to view consilience as an expression of anima mundi, a world ‘alive’ with consciousness, in which humanity takes part. Mythopoïesis becomes an active mode of cognition via the imaginative interaction with the cosmos. The Greek god Hephaistos, crippled god of technology and making, is the paradigmatic possessor not only of consummate technical skill (techne), but also of cunning intelligence and flexible opportunism (metis). Logic places these qualities at opposing ends of a cognitive and behavioral spectrum, but the unique combination of techne with metis, seen in light of another Hephaistean epithet, amphigueeis, an ambiguous term which can be translated either as “crippled” or “ambidextrous,” lameness or crooked-walking reveals itself as emblematic of the ability to contain apparent opposites in dynamic tension. The myth of the wounded maker-god becomes a way of perceiving, understanding and reifying the ambidextrous, consilient consciousness needed to navigate a dangerous world.
Sintomas de refluxo relatados por pacientes com asma grave
Authors: Dos Santos Feitosa Carolina Rocha , Oliveira Bruna Geórgia Lordêlo Seixas de , Scarpel Renata Darc , Campos Paulo Sérgio Flores 
Published: January 2017

<p><strong>Introdução:</strong> A asma é uma inflamação crônica das vias aéreas caracterizada por Shiperresponsividade brônquica, limitação reversível do fluxo aéreo, sibilância, tosse, dentre outros. Apresenta diversos fenótipos, alta incidência no mundo e pode estar relacionada a diversas complicações envolvendo o seu mau controle. O refluxo gastroesofágico tem sido associado a apresentação clínica da asma. A pesar da sua alta frequência na população com asma, estudos buscam se aprofundar na sua etiologia, complicações e sua relação com o controle da doença. <strong>O</strong><strong>bjetivo:</strong> Investigar a presença de queixas de refluxo gastroesofágico em pacientes com asma e a relação com o controle da doença.<strong> Metodologia: </strong>Estudo descritivo, a partir da coleta de dados secundários de questionários sorteados de pacientes com asma grave (GINA, 2002), de ambos os sexos, a cima de 18 anos, acompanhados pelo<strong> </strong>Programa de Controle da asma e da Rinite Alérgica (ProAr). <strong>Resultados:</strong> Total de 40 prontuários, com predominância de pacientes do sexo feminino (85%), com média de idade de 53,18±14,97 anos, entre as faixas de sobrepeso e obesidade (62,5%), com renda de 0 a 2 salários mínimos (95%), com 50% dos indivíduos apresentando ausência de mais de 50 % das unidades dentárias e nível de escolaridade entre o ensino médio e o fundamental (60%). A idade média de diagnóstico da asma foi 19,09 ±19,39. O tempo médio de diagnóstico da asma foi 34,85 ± 19,46. A média dos escores para o QS-DRGE foi de 10,4±7,85 e para o ACQ6 foi de 1,65±1,33. 0). A pontuação do escore QS-DRGE para os indivíduos com asma não controlada foi maior que para os indivíduos com o controlados. A razão de prevalência de queixa de refluxo em pacientes asmáticos foi de 1,35. Coeficiente de Spearman foi de 0,641. <strong>Conclusão:</strong> refluxo foi frequentemente relatado por pacientes com asma e foi associada à ausência de controle da doença, porém foi encontrada uma fraca correlação entre as variáveis.</p>
Conductivity structure of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary beneath the eastern North American margin
Authors: Attias Eric , Evans Rob. L. , Naif Samer , Elsenbeck Jimmy , Key Kerry 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTectonic plate motion and mantle dynamics processes are heavily influenced by the characteristics of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB), yet this boundary remains enigmatic regarding its properties and geometry. The processes involved in rifting at passive margins result in substantial alteration of the lithosphere through the transition from continental to oceanic lithologies. Here we employ marine magnetotelluric (MT) data acquired along a ∼135 km long profile, offshore Martha's Vineyard, New England, USA, to image the electrical conductivity structure beneath the New England continental margin for the first time. We invert the data using two different MT 2‐D inversion algorithms and present a series of models that are obtained using three different parameterizations: fully unconstrained, unconstrained with an imposed LAB discontinuity and a priori constrained lithosphere resistivity. This suite of models infers variability in the depth of the LAB, with an average depth of 115 km at the eastern North America passive margin. Models robustly detect a ∼350 Ωm lithospheric anomalous conductivity zone (LACZ) that extends vertically through the entire lithosphere. Our preferred conductivity model is consistent with regional P‐to‐S receiver function data, shear‐wave velocity, gravity anomalies, and prominent geological features. We propose that the LACZ is indicative of paleolithospheric thinning, either resulting from kimberlite intrusions associated with rifting and the New England Great Meteor hot spot track, or from shear‐driven localized deformation related to rifting.