bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the cyanobacterial diversity in Portugal: Description of four new genera from LEGE‐CC using the polyphasic approach
Authors: de Oliveira Flavio Luis , Hentschke Guilherme Scotta , Morais João , Silva Raquel , Cruz Pedro , Vasconcelos Vitor M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCulture collections such as the Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Culture Collection (LEGE‐CC) hold approximately 1200 cyanobacterial strains and are critical community resources. However, many isolates in this and other collections have not been described with a polyphasic approach, and this limits further study. Here, we employed a polyphasic methodology that integrates 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses, similarity (p‐distance), 16S‐23S ITS rRNA region secondary structures, morphological analyses, and habitat assessments to describe four novel cyanobacterial genera from the LEGE‐CC, Portugal. Pseudolimnococcus planktonicus gen. et sp. nov. (Chroococcales) is phylogenetically and morphologically related to Limnococcus. The 16S rRNA gene similarity between the types of both genera is only 93.1%. Morphologically, Pseudolimnococcus cells do not reach the original spherical shape before the next division or have aerotopes and firm mucilage, while Limnococcus cells reach the original shape, lack aerotopes, and have diffluent mucilage. Eucapsopsis lusitanus gen. et sp. nov. (Chroococcales) is morphologically similar to Eucapsis but differs from it by having aerotopes and diffluent envelope. Eucapsis lacks aerotopes and has firm mucilaginous envelopes, rarely diffluent. Both genera are phylogenetically very distant from each other and have only 90.68% 16S rRNA gene similarity. Pseudoacaryochloris arrabidensis gen. et sp. nov. (Acaryochloridales) differs from Acaryochloris by the lack of mucilaginous envelope, which is present in Acaryochloris. Both genera are phylogenetically distant and have only 94.1% 16S rRNA gene similarity. Moreover, Acaryochloris is marine (sponge symbiont), while Pseudoacaryochloris is from freshwater. Vasconcelosia minhoensis gen. et sp. nov. (Nodosilineales) is phylogenetically related to Cymatolege but has only 94.3% similarity with this genus. Morphologically both genera are distinct. Vasconcelosia has a Romeria‐like structure, while Cymatolege has a Phormidium‐like structure. In all cases the 16S‐23S ITS rRNA region secondary structures are in agreement with the other analyses. These novel genera expand the diversity of cyanobacteria in culture collections.
Shared understandings, actioned in multiple ways by teachers of writing
Authors: Parr Judy M. , Gadd Murray 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderpinning this consideration of writing instruction in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) is the premise that acts of teaching interact with the context in which they occur; they are shaped by the socio‐cultural milieu, philosophical and socio‐political traditions, curriculum and assessment systems, and the nature of individual classrooms. This perspective positions research regarding effective teaching and learning as requiring interpretation and, often, adaptation. Further, we have argued elsewhere that shared theories or understandings about constructs in writing instruction, applied within a context, can give rise to varied acts of instruction. Two constructs in writing instruction, key given features of the NZ context, are examined: developing independent, self‐regulating writers, and engaging in responsive, sustaining pedagogy. In NZ, shared theory of the importance of developing independent, self‐regulating writers is actioned in multiple pedagogical acts or approaches: teaching of strategies, largely through modelling; scaffolding goal setting; providing opportunities for decision making and choice; and enabling peer and self‐evaluation. Promoting self‐regulation is important given a policy of continuous intake, and traditions of non‐streamed classrooms and of teaching the individual. Shared understandings about responsiveness include knowing each individual student and building on, and sustaining, existing strengths. In teaching, writing this includes differentiating instruction often through the use of small‐group instruction, providing targeted, accessible feedback, and the use of culturally sustaining forms of instruction such as those involving trans‐languaging and storytelling. These understandings align with shared views of teaching as iterative inquiry and with official invitations to adapt curricula to fit local contexts.
Factors associated with moral sensitivity among nurses in adult intensive care units: A cross‐sectional study in China
Authors: Pang Fang , Zhang Yaodan , Liu Huan , Du Aiping , Tian Yongming , Chen Heyu , Xu Yu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMoral sensitivity may play a role in dealing with ethical issues in ICUs. However, the moral sensitivity of adult ICU nurses in China and its predictors have not been well investigated.AimTo analyse the moral sensitivity of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses and its predictors.Study DesignA cross‐sectional study through convenience sampling was conducted in the ICUs of five hospitals in China between November and December 2022. A total of 331 ICU nurses were recruited. Data were obtained using a self‐developed socio‐demographic characteristic questionnaire, the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy‐Health Professionals and the Organizational Climate Scale for Nursing. The participating institutions received a link to the tools used for online data collection, which they then forwarded to nursing staff.ResultsThe valid response rate was 96.98% (n = 321). The total mean moral sensitivity score of nurses was 43.04 ± 5.95. The mean scores for empathic ability and organizational climate for nursing were 91.97 ± 17.88 and 101.28 ± 14.77, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that the primary factors associated with moral sensitivity among critical care nurses included work tenure (p < .05), empathic ability (p < .001) and organizational climate (p < .001).ConclusionsHigh levels of moral sensitivity were found in critical care nurses in China. Work tenure, empathic ability and organizational climate were significant predictors of moral sensitivity in critical care nurses.Relevance to Clinical PracticeTo enhance the ethical sensitivity of ICU nurses, we suggest to strengthen the training of novice nurses so that they can better face the moral dilemma in clinical practice. In addition, organizational managers should also take measures to create a positive and harmonious working atmosphere, promote the application of moral knowledge in nursing practice and enhance their moral sensitivity.
Effects of Pathological Characteristics on Functional Scores and Surgical Satisfaction in Patients after Hallux Valgus Surgery
Authors: Jiang Guohua , Zhou Qi , Zhao Tianjing , Liu Yijun , Zeng Canjun 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveFew studies have explored the relationship between the pathological characteristics of hallux valgus and surgical outcomes. The aim of our study was to report the influence of pathological characteristics such as the tibial sesamoid position (TSP) and first metatarsal pronation on postoperative functional scores and patient satisfaction with hallux valgus surgery.MethodsFrom June 2017 to December 2022, a retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent hallux valgus surgery at our hospital. Anteroposterior (AP) x‐ray parameters (hallux valgus angle [HVA], intermetatarsal angle [IMA], distal metatarsal articular angle [DMAA], TSP, first metatarsal pronation, and first metatarsophalangeal joint dislocation) (preoperative weight‐bearing, immediate postoperative non‐weight‐bearing, and early postoperative weight‐bearing), visual analog scale (VAS) scores, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot scores, SAFE‐Q self‐administered foot evaluation questionnaire (excluding the Sports Activity subscale), complications, and patient satisfaction were used to describe the outcomes. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression models were used to identify factors influencing postoperative functional scores and patient satisfaction after hallux valgus surgery.ResultsEighty‐one patients (92 feet) whose early radiographic parameters and latest follow‐up scores improved significantly (p < 0.01) were included in the present study. The overall complication rate was 27.2%, with recurrence being the most common complication (20.7%). Functional scores and patient satisfaction were associated with age; preoperative, immediate postoperative, and early postoperative HVA; and immediate postoperative IMA (p < 0.05), but not with TSP, first metatarsal pronation, DMAA, callosities, toe deformities, or first metatarsophalangeal joint dislocation (p > 0.05). The R
2 values of the multiple linear regression models predicting postoperative functional scores and patient satisfaction ranged from 0.042 to 0.351.ConclusionTSP and first metatarsal pronation were unrelated to postoperative functional scores or patient satisfaction. This finding enhances surgeons' understanding of the functional prognosis of hallux valgus surgery, particularly aiding in explaining the condition and assessing surgical outcomes.
Segregation Between an Ornamental and a Disease Driver Gene Provides Insights Into Pigment Cell Regulation
Authors: Soria Erika , Lu Qiusheng , Boswell Will , Du Kang , Xing Yanting , Boswell Mikki , Weldon Korri S. , Lai Zhao , Savage Markita , Schartl Manfred , Lu Yuan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTGenetic interactions are adaptive within a species. Hybridization can disrupt such species‐specific genetic interactions and creates novel interactions that alter the hybrid progeny overall fitness. Hybrid incompatibility, which refers to degenerative genetic interactions that decrease the overall hybrid survival and sterility, is one of the results from combining two diverged genomes in hybrids. The discovery of spontaneous lethal tumorigenesis and underlying genetic interactions in select hybrids between diverged Xiphophorus species showed that lethal pathological process can result from degenerative genetic interactions. Such genetic interactions leading to lethal phenotype are thought to shield gene flow between diverged species. However, hybrids between certain Xiphophorus species do not develop such tumors. Here we report the identification of a locus residing in the genome of one Xiphophorus species that represses an oncogene from a different species. Our finding provides insights into normal and pathological pigment cell development, regulation and a molecular mechanism in hybrid incompatibility.
Why most Ukrainians feel anger, hatred, or contempt toward Russian citizens after the 2022 Russian invasion
Authors: Ash Konstantin , Shapovalov Miroslav 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe use four surveys from Ukraine asking respondents to name at most three emotions that describe their feelings toward Russian citizens to assess how and why responses have changed since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. We find that 76% of Ukrainians now feel anger, hatred, or contempt toward Russian citizens compared to about 15% before the invasion. Respondents who agreed that Russian citizens supported the war to build an empire were especially more likely to feel either hatred, anger, or contempt. Perceived public desire for conquest speaks to perceived responsibility associated with anger and failure to meet an important standard associated with contempt. Additionally, anger, hatred, and contempt toward Russian citizens especially increased among respondents who mixed the use of Russian and Ukrainian or were from Eastern Ukraine, suggesting the invasion shifted attitudes toward Russian citizens among previously more pro‐Russian Ukrainians. Anger, hatred, and contempt toward both Russian citizens and the Russian government also have distinct action tendencies, cumulatively reducing support for a peaceful settlement.
Endometriosis as a risk factor for ovarian cancer: an update on screening, risk reduction, treatment and prognosis
Authors: Campbell Rosie , Milford Kirsty , Peyton‐Jones Benjamin , Hannemann Michael 
Published: September 2024

Key content:
Endometriosis affects up to 10% of women. While many regard endometriosis as a benign (non‐cancerous) disease, there are well‐established links to epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
Proposed mechanisms for malignant transformation include chronic inflammation, hyperestrogenism and oxidative stress. Mutations in the tumour suppressor gene ARID1A have also been implicated in the development of endometriosis‐associated ovarian cancer (EAOC).
Endometriosis is reported to almost double a woman's background risk of ovarian cancer.
Risk reduction strategies are effective in reducing the incidence of EAOC. These include tubal ligation, excision of endometriosis and combined hormonal contraception.
Novel therapies targeting tumour suppressor gene mutations present in EAOC are undergoing phase I & II clinical trials.
Learning objectives:
To increase knowledge of the association between endometriosis and EOC.
To understand the updated evidence for screening, risk and risk reduction strategies.
To be informed of potential novel therapies currently in the clinical trial stage of development.
Ethical issues:
Increased public awareness and improved clinician knowledge may lead to more and earlier‐stage disease detection.
Women are more informed, necessitating clinicians to deliver evidence‐based counselling to meet their informational needs.
TAM RECEPTORS IN THE PATHOLOGY OF BLADDER CANCER: APPROACHES TO PERSONALISED MEDICINE
Authors: Kriajevskaia M. 
Published: September 2024

Bladder cancer (BC) is a cancer of the lining epithelium of the bladder. In 75% of cases, it is presented as a non-muscle invasive disease (NMIBC), with a 5-year patient survival of more than 90%. However, 25% of BC patients develop an aggressive and chemoresistant muscle-invasive form of cancer (MIBC) with less than 50% 5-year survival, making BC the 13th deadliest cancer. Moreover, the treatment for MIBC, including cystectomy and bladder reconstruction, is costly and available only in developed countries, leaving patients in other countries without efficient treatment. So, there is an urgent need to develop and implement new personalised treatment schemes in Western and low – to middle-income countries with progressively ageing populations.
In our work, we study the regulatory role of the TAM Receptor Tyrosine kinases (AXL, MERTK, and TYRO3) in signalling in BC. It has been shown before that TAM receptors are activated in different cancer types, where they regulate drug resistance, immune evasion and metastasis. We analyse how TAM signalling contributes to the development of chemoresistance in BC and propose that interfering with these pathways may be a part of new combination therapy approaches.
We analyse TAM receptor expression and activation in primary patient materials (solid and liquid biopsies) and develop organoid cultures for testing anti-TAM inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents. According to our recent data, soluble extracellular domains of TAMs are present in urine samples of BC patients and are suitable as urine predictive biomarkers to use in BC.
БАНКИРОВАНИЯ НЕОНАТАЛЬНЫХ МЕЗЕНХИМАЛЬНЫХ СТВОЛОВЫХ КЛЕТОК В КАЗАХСТАНЕ
Authors: Нуркина А.К. , Огай В.Б. , Мухамбетова А.Е. , Ержанов С.А. , Айтилесова В.У. , Куаныш С. 
Published: September 2024

Банкирование неонатальных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (НМСК) представляет собой стратегическое решения для сохранения потенциально ценных ресурсов для лечения различных заболеваний в перспективе. Эти клетки, извлекаемые из пуповинной ткани и пуповинной крови, обладают уникальными регенеративными свойствами, что делает их применение перспективным в лечении множества патологий. В частности, аутологичное использование НМСК позволяет проводить терапию без рисков иммунного отторжения, что значительно повышает их эффективность.
Процесс внедрения хранения персонализированных НМСК включает в себя ряд критически важных этапов, от начального извлечения клеток до их потенциального применения в терапевтических целях. Первый банк неонатальных стволовых клеток был создан в 2014 году компанией «Медицелл», который осуществляет сбор и хранения мононуклеарной фракции пуповинной крови и в 2022 году совместно с ТОО «Национальный центр биотехнологии» наладил и оптимизировал многоступенчатый процесс выделения, экспансии и криоконсервации мезенхимальных стволовых клеток. На данный момент услуга банкирования клеток включает хранение клеток на 10 лет с поддержанием условий необходимых для сохранения высокой жизнеспособности клеток.
В исследовательских работах, посвященных начальным фазам внедрения процесса изоляции клеток, было установлено, что ткань пуповины является оптимальным источником НМСК. Для выделения клеток используется метод основанный на ферментативной деградации ткани и адгезивных свойствах клеток: Вартанов студень пуповины изолируется и подвергается обработке. После экспансии клеток необходимо проводить комплексные анализы, включающие проверку на грибковые и микробные контаминации, а также дополнительные характеризации.
В контексте проекта по банкированию НМСК, криогенное хранение представляет собой следующий важный этап. В процессе разработки методик персонализированного хранения особое внимание уделяется криоконсервации. Этот этап критически важен для поддержания долгосрочной сохранности и функциональности клеточного материала. Для этого мы обеспечили создание специализированных условий хранения, которые не только гарантируют стабильность и безопасность замороженных клеток, но и обеспечивают их готовность к последующему терапевтическому использованию.
Несмотря на значительные успехи, в Казахстане существуют определенные трудности в области банкирования НМСК. Законодательная база в данной сфере остаётся несформулированной и нуждается в конкретных рекомендациях, которые бы охватывали все аспекты работы с НМСК.
Следовательно, банкирование стволовых клеток является перспективной областью в современной медицине, обладающей потенциалом кардинально трансформировать методы лечения и восстановления здоровья. Однако, эффективное внедрение и применение данной технологии требуют строгого соблюдения этических норм и правовых регуляций.
Flow and Heat Transfer in a Ribbed Converging-Diverging U-Duct Under Rotating and Non-Rotating Conditions
Authors: Kim Wanjae , Shih Tom I-P. , Dalton Richard P. , Bryden Kenneth Mark , Chang Sung Yong , Park Gyu Sang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A numerical study based on steady Reynolds-averaged-Navier–Stokes (RANS) with the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model was performed to investigate the flow and heat transfer in a ribbed U-duct with a rectangular cross section that converges linearly in the radially outward direction and diverges linearly in the radially inward direction under rotating and nonrotating conditions. Parameters examined include rotation number (Roi = 0, 0.0219, 0.0336, 0.0731), Reynolds number (Rei = 46,000, 100,000, and 154,000), and the duct's taper angle (α = 0 deg and 1.41 deg) under conditions relevant to gas turbines used for electric power generation. Results obtained show that increasing the taper angle from 0 deg to 1.41 deg, which appears negligibly small, significantly increases both the friction coefficient and the Nusselt number whether there is rotation or not. With rotation at Roi = 0.0336 and Rei = 100,000, the maximum increase in the average friction coefficient and Nusselt number was found to be 41.7% and 36.6%, respectively. Without rotation at Rei = 46,000, those are 11.5% and 14.7%, respectively.
A combination of four
Toxoplasma gondii
nuclear-targeted effectors protects against interferon gamma-driven human host cell death
Authors: Henry Brittany , Phillips Aubrey J. , Sibley L. David , Rosenberg Alex 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

In both mice and humans, Type II interferon gamma (IFNγ) is crucial for the regulation of
Toxoplasma gondii
(
T. gondii
) infection, during acute or chronic phases. To thwart this defense,
T. gondii
secretes protein effectors hindering the host’s immune response. For example,
T. gondii
relies on the MYR translocon complex to deploy soluble dense granule effectors (GRAs) into the host cell cytosol or nucleus. Recent genome-wide loss-of-function screens in IFNγ-primed primary human fibroblasts identified MYR translocon components as crucial for parasite resistance against IFNγ-driven vacuole clearance. However, these screens did not pinpoint specific MYR-dependent GRA proteins responsible for IFNγ signaling blockade, suggesting potential functional redundancy. Our study reveals that
T. gondii
depends on the MYR translocon complex to prevent parasite premature egress and host cell death in human cells stimulated with IFNγ post-infection, a unique phenotype observed in various human cell lines but not in murine cells. Intriguingly, inhibiting parasite egress did not prevent host cell death, indicating this mechanism is distinct from those described previously. Genome-wide loss-of-function screens uncovered TgIST, GRA16, GRA24, and GRA28 as effectors necessary for a complete block of IFNγ response. GRA24 and GRA28 directly influenced IFNγ-driven transcription, GRA24’s action depended on its interaction with p38 MAPK, while GRA28 disrupted histone acetyltransferase activity of CBP/p300. Given the intricate nature of the immune response to
T. gondii
, it appears that the parasite has evolved equally elaborate mechanisms to subvert IFNγ signaling, extending beyond direct interference with the JAK/STAT1 pathway, to encompass other signaling pathways as well.

IMPORTANCE

Toxoplasma gondii
, an intracellular parasite, affects nearly one-third of the global human population, posing significant risks for immunocompromised patients and infants infected
in utero
. In murine models, the core mechanisms of IFNγ-mediated immunity against
T. gondii
are consistently preserved, showcasing a remarkable conservation of immune defense mechanisms. In humans, the recognized restriction mechanisms vary among cell types, lacking a universally applicable mechanism. This difference underscores a significant variation in the genes employed by
T. gondii
to shield itself against the IFNγ response in human vs murine cells. Here, we identified a specific combination of four parasite-secreted effectors deployed into the host cell nucleus, disrupting IFNγ signaling. This disruption is crucial in preventing premature egress of the parasite and host cell death. Notably, this phenotype is exclusive to human cells, highlighting the intricate and unique mechanisms
T. gondii
employs to modulate host responses in the human cellular environment.