bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excretion characteristics of main compounds of Yigong San in urine, feces, and bile of rats
Authors: Tao Jiayue , Li Hanyi , Jin Mingxuan , Shen Wenchao , Liu Siqi , Li Dan , Hou Jincai , Wang Rufeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractYigong San (YGS) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used for pediatric anorexia, chronic atrophic gastritis, and irritable bowel syndrome. In this study, the excretion of eight main compounds, including liquiritin; isoliquiritin; hesperidin; ginsenosides Rb1, Re, and Rg1; and atractylenolides I and II, in rat urine, feces, and bile, was investigated by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that the cumulative excretion rates of the compounds in rat urine, feces, and bile were 0.018–1.15%, 0.024–19.89%, and 0.0025–0.72%, respectively. Among the eight compounds detected, liquiritin was the richest in urine, and ginsenosides Re and Rg1 and atractylenolide I were mainly found in feces and bile. In summary, the main components of YGS are excreted via multiple approaches. Liquiritin is mainly through urine, whereas isoliquiritin; hesperidin; ginsenosides Rb1, Re, and Rg1; and atractylenolides I and II are mainly through feces. The excretion of these compounds in bile is usually positively correlated with that in feces. This study lays a foundation for further pharmacological research and application of YGS.
Mediastinal monophasic synovial sarcoma with vertebral metastases: A case report
Authors: Men Miaomiao , Wu Yousen , Tian Pengqi , Long Changyou , Zhou Lei , Fan Ting 
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical MessageMediastinal monophasic synovial sarcoma is a rare subtype that often lacks specific imaging characteristics, posing diagnostic challenges. This case report describes a mediastinal monophasic synovial sarcoma with vertebral metastasis, emphasizing imaging findings, differential diagnosis, and pathological features, thereby providing crucial support for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Oral erythema multiforme attributed to herpes simplex virus: A less recognized variant
Authors: Dharel Santosh , Koirala Bandana , Dali Mamta 
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical MessageOral Erythema Multiforme (EM) is considered rare and less described variant in the world of EM. Examination of oral cavity lesions poses various diagnostic challenges and thus a thorough examination with history can help to reach a diagnosis. Due to possibility of subsequent severe attacks of EM, it has to be identified early in the course for better outcome of the patient.AbstractErythema multiforme is an intriguing clinical entity characterized by acute, self‐limiting mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. It can occur due to various etiological factors including infections, medications, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies; herpes simplex being the most common infection accounting for almost 90 percent of the overall cases. Here, we report a case of EM in an 8‐year‐old female child. The patient presented with an acute onset of crusting ulcers in the lips and oral cavity along with sparse cutaneous lesions around the lips. Based upon the patient's detailed history of prodromal symptoms, disease course and progression, careful clinical examination of wound and serology test, herpes simplex virus‐associated erythema multiforme (HAEM) was diagnosed ruling out other mucocutaneous diseases, such as pemphigus, paraneoplastic pemphigus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and lichen planus. The patient was admitted and treated for HAEM. To conclude, a detail clinical history and thorough clinical examination suggested the diagnosis of EM followed by serology tests to confirm the HSV1 association where proper medicament with supportive care led to an uneventful management.
A case image of epicardial implants in a young male with mixed germ cell tumor
Authors: Ozgur Sacide S. , Elkattawy Sherif , Shamoon Yezin , Ahmad Abdullah , Perez Maria , Abboud Rachel , Shamoon Fayez 
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical MessageEpicardial metastasis from mixed germ cell tumors is exceedingly rare and poses a significant risk for cardiac morbidity. This case highlights the crucial need for comprehensive systemic evaluation in patients with known malignancies presenting with cardiac symptoms.
Cardiophrenic lymph node metastasis as the sole presentation of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Henning Thomas Julius , Zouridis Andreas , Soleymani majd Hooman 
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical MessageCardiophrenic metastasis is typically a late stage manifestation of ovarian high grade serous carcinoma. Here we present a case where this was the sole presentation of this disease. This case challenges our current understanding of the natural course of ovarian high grade serous carcinoma.AbstractOvarian cancer is typically described to spread from its primary site within the fallopian tubes or ovaries into the peritoneal cavity and beyond with cardiophrenic lymph node involvement being considered a late stage disease process. Here we present the case of a lady in her 60s where increased metabolic activity of the cardiophrenic lymph node was picked up in the investigation of an adenocarcinoma of the lung. Post‐thoracoscopic resection histopathological analysis of this lymph node showing an epithelial structure with positive immunohistochemical markers PAX8, WT1, ER, and p16 with a p53 wild type‐pattern were the sole presenting features of a high grade serous ovarian carcinoma, that was otherwise undetectable by radiological or hematological screening. Only histopathological analysis after modified radical hysterectomy in gynae‐oncological fashion were able to identify a 4 mm lesion within the left fallopian tube. This case questions our current understanding of the natural history of ovarian carcinomas.
Tuning the Thermal Stability of Tetra‐o–chloroazobenzene Derivatives by Transforming Push‐Pull to Push‐Push Systems
Authors: Goual Nawel , Métivier Rémi , Laurent Guillaume , Retailleau Pascal , Nakatani Keitaro , Xie Juan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMolecular photoswitches provide interesting tools to reversibly control various biological functions with light. Thanks to its small size and easy introduction into the biomolecules, azobenzene derivatives have been widely employed in the field of photopharmacology. All visible‐light switchable azobenzenes with controllable thermostability are highly demanded. Based on the reported tetra‐o‐chloroazobenzenes, we synthesized push‐pull systems, by introducing dialkyl amine and nitro groups as strong electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups on the para‐positions, and then transformed to push‐push systems by a simple reduction step. The developed push‐pull and push‐push tetra‐o‐chloroazobenzene derivatives displayed excellent photoswitching properties, as previously reported. The half‐life of the Z‐isomers can be tuned from milliseconds for the push‐pull system to several hours for the push‐push system. The n‐π* and π‐π* transitions have better resolution in the push‐push molecules, and excitation at different wavelengths can tune the E/Z ratio at the photostationary state. For one push‐pull molecule, structure and absorption spectra obtained from theoretical calculations are compared with experimental data, along with data on the push‐push counterpart.
Dynamic Phase Behavior of Surface‐Active Fluorinated Ionic Liquid Epoxidation Catalysts
Authors: Hegelmann Markus , Zuber Julian , Luibl Johannes , Jandl Christian , Korth Wolfgang , Jess Andreas , Cokoja Mirza 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe report on the synthesis of amphiphobic fluorinated surface‐active ionic liquid (FSAIL) epoxidation catalysts, which show reversible temperature‐controlled solubility in water. The solubility of FSAILs containing the catalytically active perrhenate‐ and tungstate anions was studied in both the aqueous and the substrate phase, showing a significant solubility decrease in both media compared to their non‐fluorinated congeners. It was shown that both the epoxide product and the catalyst additive phenylphosphonic acid (PPA) are efficient in transferring the FSAIL catalyst into the organic phase, rendering the reaction homogeneous. The FSAILs were used as catalysts for the epoxidation of olefins using aqueous H2O2 as oxidant, showing an exceptionally high catalytic activity at mild conditions. Catalyst recycling was demonstrated over ten consecutive runs by phase separation and subsequent product distillation.
Disclosure and transparency of sustainability information in Spanish social enterprises: An empirical study of audited special employment centers
Authors: Gómez‐González Elisabet , Cano‐Montero Elisa Isabel , Santos‐Peñalver Jesús Fernando , Chamizo‐González Julián 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe research analyzes how certain factors such as activity sector, size, and economic‐financial performance can influence the level of disclosure and transparency of sustainability information in special employment centers. This publication is based on an empirical study applying a quantitative methodology in 194 social economy enterprises with data from 2020. The results confirm that companies that disclose sustainability information do so based on GRI standards and in all areas of sustainability. Belonging to certain activity sectors and size influence the disclosure of sustainability information. Also, the results show that assets, operating income, liquidity and economic profitability have an influence. This research contributes to improving the disclosure and transparency of sustainability information in social economy enterprises and provides indicators on management in sustainability aspects, useful for the analysis of subsidy management.
A novel topology of a non‐isolated bidirectional multiphase single inductor DC–DC converter
Authors: Igor Carvalho Lobato Gideon , Berrehil El Kattel Menaouar , Marcelo Antunes Fernando Luiz , Silva Sidelmo Magalhães , de Jesus Cardoso Filho Braz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel topology for a non‐isolated bidirectional multiphase single inductor (BMPSIC) DC–DC converter. The proposed BMPSIC requires only a single inductor, irrespective of the number of arms, and features reduced volume and weight compared to the total magnetics needed for a conventional converter with similar ratings. The proposed BMPSIC advantages include a high DC voltage gain without operating on a large duty cycle, voltage stress on the power switches equal to that at the high‐voltage port, easy implementation, and a lower cost for application at high‐power densities. Furthermore, this topology requires only one current and voltage control loop. This paper thoroughly details the steady‐state operating principles of the inductor current continuous mode. It provides theoretical and mathematical analysis, including a comparative analysis of the proposed BMPSIC against earlier DC–DC converters, highlighting the superior performance and efficiency of the BMPSIC. An 8‐kW laboratory prototype, designed as a proof of concept, has been meticulously developed and tested, showcasing the performance of the converter across a broad range of load variations. The efficiency measured for the rated load exceeded 98.2% at the low‐voltage port of 250 V and the high‐voltage port of 400 V. Additionally, the article features Video S1, which illustrates the functioning of the converter.
Sedative effects of propofol and risk factors for excessive sedation in the endoscopic treatment of biliary and pancreatic diseases
Authors: Maruki Yuta , Hijioka Susumu , Yagi Shin , Takasaki Tetsuro , Chatto Mark , Fukuda Soma , Yamashige Daiki , Okamoto Kouhei , Agarie Daiki , Hara Hidenobu , Hagiwara Yuya , Nagashio Yoshikuni , Morizane Chigusa , Sone Miyuki , Okusaka Takuji , Saito Yutaka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe safety and effectiveness of propofol in more complex endoscopic procedures, such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, remain unknown. Thus, we aimed to evaluate propofol sedation during endoscopic cholangiopancreatography, ultrasound‐guided intervention, and gastroduodenal stenting and examine risk factors for excessive sedation.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 870 patients who underwent endoscopic treatment with propofol sedation for biliary and pancreatic disease between October 2020 and September 2021. Sedation included propofol and fentanyl, with continuous monitoring of vital signs and the bispectral index. The assessed risk factors included age, complications, body mass index, treatment duration, and specialty.ResultsDistal bile duct treatment (n = 367), hilar bile duct treatment (n = 197), post‐small‐intestinal reconstruction treatment (n = 75), endoscopic ultrasound‐guided intervention (n = 140), and gastrointestinal obstruction treatment (n = 91) were performed. The rates of excessive sedation, hypoxemia, and hypotension were 7.8%, 6.0%, and 1.8%, respectively. Post‐small‐intestinal reconstruction treatment had the highest incidence rate of excessive sedation (16%), whereas endoscopic ultrasound‐guided intervention had the lowest incidence rate (4.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between excessive sedation and comorbid sleep apnea, obesity, and prolonged procedural time.ConclusionsObesity, sleep apnea syndrome, and prolonged procedure time are risk factors for excessive sedation related to propofol use. Thus, sedation techniques should be tailored for these patients.
DropletMask: Leveraging visual data for droplet impact analysis
Authors: Zhao Chuanning , Suh Youngjoon , Won Yoonjin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMachine learning‐assisted computer vision represents a state‐of‐the‐art technique for extracting meaningful features from visual data autonomously. This approach facilitates the quantitative analysis of images, enabling object detection and tracking. In this study, we utilize advanced computer vision to precisely identify droplet motions and quantify their impact forces with spatiotemporal resolution at the picoliter or millisecond scale. Droplets, captured by a high‐speed camera, are denoised through neuromorphic image processing. These processed images are employed to train convolutional neural networks, allowing the creation of segmented masks and bounding boxes around moving droplets. The trained networks further digitize time‐varying multi‐dimensional droplet features, such as droplet diameters, spreading and sliding motions, and corresponding impact forces. Our innovative method offers accurate measurement of small impact forces with a resolution of approximately 10 pico‐newtons for droplets in the micrometer range across various configurations with the time resolution at hundreds of microseconds.
Rampant intraspecific variation of plastid genomes in Gentiana section Chondrophyllae
Authors: Sun Shan‐Shan , Pan Zhi‐Yong , Fu Yu , Wang Shen‐Jue , Fu Peng‐Cheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExploring the level of intraspecific diversity in taxa experienced radiation is helpful to understanding speciation and biodiversity assembly. Gentiana section Chondrophyllae sensu lato encompasses more than 180 species and occupies more a half of species in the genus. In this study, we collected samples across the range of three species (Gentiana aristata, G. crassuloides and G. haynaldii) in section Chondrophyllae s.l., and recovered the intra‐species variation by comparing with closely related taxon. Using 25 newly sequenced plastid genomes together with previously published data, we compared structural differences, quantified the variations in plastome size, and measured nucleotide diversity in various regions. Our results showed that the plastome size variation in the three Chondrophyllae species ranged from 285 to 628 bp, and the size variation in LSC, IR and SSC ranged from 236 to 898 bp, 52 to 393 bp and 135 to 356 bp, respectively. Nucleotide diversity of plastome or any of the four regions was much higher than the control species. The average nucleotide diversity in plastomes of the three species ranged from 0.0010 to 0.0023 in protein coding genes, and from 0.0023 to 0.0061 in intergenic regions. More repeat sequence variations were detected within the three Chondrophyllae species than the control species. Various plastid sequence matrixes resulted in different backbone topology in two target species, showed uncertainty in phylogenetic relationship based inference. In conclusion, our results recovered that species of G. section Chondrophyllae s.l. has high intraspecific plastome variation, and provided insights into the radiation in this speciose lineage.
Plant functional trait is a strong predictor of ecosystem productivity under altered precipitation in desert steppes
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Ren Xiaotong , Guo Yafei , Zhao Ruifeng , Jiang Xiaoyu , Wei Xi , Yang Linqi , Kang Lifang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function has always been one of the hot issues in the field of ecology. With the acceleration of global warming, the precipitation pattern has become one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss, which has a profound impact on ecosystem functional services and stability. However, the studies on the effects and mechanisms of plant community diversity and ecosystem productivity under precipitation changes in desert steppe are still unclear. According to the change rate (−41.1% to 39.2%) of precipitation in the study area in recent 50 years, five precipitation gradients (i.e., −40%, −20%, CK, +20% and +40%) were set to simulate the possible future precipitation pattern changes. Aboveground biomass increased with the increase of precipitation. Compared with CK, the aboveground biomass increased by 22.81% with +40% and decreased by 80.71% with −40%, and the negative impact of precipitation decrease on aboveground biomass was more significant. Through multiple stepwise regression analyses, species diversity, functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity were identified as the best models of aboveground biomass. The results showed that the aboveground biomass changes could be explained by 51.3%, 81.6%, 32.6% and 60% respectively. Combined with plant community diversity, the final index model was obtained through multiple stepwise regression analyses, which could explain 88.3% of changes in aboveground biomass. In this model, The average coefficient of specific leaf area and leaf thickness had a very high significance level, and these two functional traits of dominant species had a greater explanatory power for ecosystem system function. There was a nonlinear correlation between precipitation and aboveground biomass, and drought had a more significant negative effect on aboveground biomass. Compared with species diversity and phylogenetic diversity, plant functional traits can better explain ecosystem productivity. Selection effects are the main maintenance mechanism of desert steppe community productivity under the background of precipitation change.
Epidemiology of paediatric chronic heart failure in Germany—A population‐based analysis
Authors: Bobrowski Alexej , Klebs Sven , Alibone Marco , Bovy Leonore , Häckl Dennis , Fleck Thilo , Stiller Brigitte 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsPaediatric chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with significant morbidity. The aim of this study was to describe paediatric CHF epidemiology in Germany.Methods and resultsThis is a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of anonymized healthcare claims data in the InGef database. This database includes longitudinal data from a representative sample of the German population of approximately 4.8 million insured members. We included individuals <18 years from 2016 to 2021. CHF was defined by ≥2 diagnoses in different quarters of the year as inpatient or outpatient, using ICD‐10‐GM codes I50.‐ or P29.0.The number of eligible children in the database was 674 462 in 2016 and 660 692 in 2021. Prevalence of CHF per 100 000 children was 20.6 [95% confidence interval (CI), 17.3–24.3] in 2016 and 19.4 (95% CI, 16.2 to 23.0) in 2021. Incidence per 100 000 children was 9.6 (95% CI, 7.4 to 12.3) in 2016 and 7.6 (95% CI, 5.6 to 10.0) in 2021 for newly diagnosed CHF. All‐cause hospitalizations occurred in 47.3% to 57.7% of children with CHF per year. Up to 6.3% of children with CHF were hospitalized, coded primarily for heart failure. Mortality of children with CHF was <5 death per year in the studied population. In 128 children with CHF in 2021, the most common ICD‐coded comorbidities were congenital malformations of cardiac septa (57.8%), atrial septal defect (44.5%), congenital malformations of the great arteries (43.0%) and ventricular septal defect (32.0%). Coded treatment modalities for paediatric CHF in 2021 included angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (18.8%), beta‐blockers (17.2%), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (14.8%) and surgical procedures (13.3%).ConclusionsThis representative cohort study reveals a relatively high incidence proportion. Approximately half of the children with CHF are hospitalized annually while mortality is low.
Permafrost thaw and thermokarst in the source region of the Yangtze river in the central Tibetan plateau revealed by radar and optical remote sensing
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Huang Chenqi , Zhao Lin , Zhou Huayun , Liu Shibo , Tang Yunqi , Li Zhibin , Xiao Yao , Zou Defu , Liu Guangyue , Du Erji , Hu Guojie , Wang Chong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe landscape and landforms in permafrost regions are transforming due to climate change and permafrost thaw. This study uses optical and radar remote sensing, alongside spatial analysis, to examine thermokarst features and their driving factors in the source region of the Yangtze River (SRYR) on the central Tibetan Plateau. We analyse the distribution, interaction, and key environmental factors influencing thermokarst ponds and ground surface deformation, which are the two widespread and noticeable thermokarst features. Since the 1960s, the number of small water bodies has doubled from approximately ~2 × 104 to ~4 × 104 by the 2020s, with the median size of these water bodies decreasing from 2.3 × 104 m2 to 1.4 × 104 m2. The permafrost terrain has an average subsidence rate of 6.8 mm/a. About 50.9% of the SRYR exhibits evident thermokarst features. Surficial geological factors, especially geomorphology and slope, are primary factors in shaping the spatial distributions of thermokarst features. Both seasonal deformation and long‐term subsidence rates are more pronounced in areas with thermokarst ponds. However, once pond coverage exceeds around 5%, the amplifying effect on long‐term subsidence rates and seasonal deformation diminishes. The investigation further reveals that the relationship between seasonal deformation and long‐term subsidence is not strictly linear and that the combined increase in seasonal deformation and long‐term subsidence applies only to areas with seasonal deformation below approximately 20 mm. Beyond this threshold, the long‐term subsidence rate is no longer exacerbated by increased seasonal deformation.