bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Spectrometric Coverage of Complex Mixtures: Exploring the Carbon Space of Crude Oil
Authors: Vetere Alessandro , Schrader Wolfgang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMass spectrometry is a powerful tool to investigate complex reactions in complex matrices such as crude oils. However, certain requirements have to be met. Apart from a good instrument sensitivity and mass measurement accuracy, especially a certain minimum mass resolving power of above 500,000 at m/z 1000 needs to be reached to resolve critical peak pairs. If the desired parameters are met, a good coverage of the full compositional space or “carbon space” can be achieved to allow a comprehensive picture of the sample at hand. Here, the performance of a newly introduced High‐field Fourier Transform Orbitrap setup with nominal resolving power of 960,000 at m/z 400 is tested against the demands.
Ultrasensitive Fluorescent Biosensor for Creatinine Determination in Human Biofluids Based on Water Soluble Rhodamine B Dye‐Au3+ ions Conjugate
Authors: Ellairaja S. , Shenbagavalli K. , Vasantha V. S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSimple, ultrasensitive and selective diagnostic tool is required for the quantification of creatinine in human biofluids. To the best of our knowledge, we are reporting the second fluorescent as well as colorimetric biosensor for creatinine with a very good linear range. We have utilized a simple water soluble Rhodamine B dye as a probe because of its excellent emitting properties and quantum yield. As a colorimetric biosensor, the dye has selectively detected the Au3+ ions in a ratiometric aspect through ICT mechanism among all other interfering metal ions. When the creatinine was introduced, the Au3+ ions were gradually released from the dye and binded with the creatinine which finally enhanced the fluorescent intensity. The Stern Volmer quenching constant Ksv was found to be 2.6 x 109 M−1. As a colorimetric biosensor, the limit of detection and linear range for creatinine are found to be 54 nM and 100 nM to 15 μM, respectively. Under the optimized condition, the fluorescent biosensor has detected the creatinine within the linear range of 10 nM to 1.2X10−3M along with the LOD of 5 nM. The linear range of developed biosensor implies that the biosensor can be applied for clinical diagnosis of muscle disorder (creatinine level < 40μM), extreme renal problem (creatinine level=1000μM). We have extended the application of this developed biosensor for the determination of creatinine in human urine sample and achieved a very good recovery.Introduction
Ag(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclizative Hydration of Alkynes and Propargylic Alcohols. A Mild Approach to 2‐Acylfuran Derivatives
Authors: Gandhi Soniya , Tharra Prabhakararao , Baire Beeraiah 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe developed a mild strategy for the synthesis of 2‐acylfuran derivatives via cyclizative hydration of propargylic alcohols and alkynes, under Ag(I) catalysis. This is the first report employing the propargylic alcohols and their derivatives as alkyne partners in the cyclizative hydration process. This process found very broad scope for propargylic alcohols, alkynes and tethers. The highly chemo‐selective cyclizative hydration of 6‐acetoxy‐hex‐2‐en‐4‐ynal substrates suggests that, the acetoxy directed hydration of alkyne is not operable under Ag‐catalysis conditions and hence propargylic acetates can also be conveniently employed for the synthesis of 2‐(acetoxyacyl)furans.
Scalable Synthesis and Supramolecular Assembly of trans‐A2B2 Porphyrins with Pendant Carboxylic Functional Groups
Authors: Tripuramallu Bharat Kumar , Palakuri Ramesh , Titi Hatem M. , Goldberg Israel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article deals with facile synthesis of A2B2 porphyrins bearing carboxylate groups at 5,15‐ positions and different functional groups at 10,20‐ positions viz. 4‐iodophenyl (a), 4‐tert‐butylphenyl (b), 3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl (c) 3‐carboxyphenyl (d), 2‐thienyl (e) 4‐nitrophenyl (f), 4‐methoxy‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorophenyl (g) and 2‐pyrenyl (h) as single major component in scalable yields. It relates also to the supramolecular assembly modes of these species. The use of stoichiometric amounts of trifluoroacetic acid in condensation of 5‐(4‐methoxycarbonylphenyl)dipyrromethane and different aldehydes led to the formation of trans‐porphyrins as di‐esters (1 a‐1 h). These were transformed by hydrolysis to the corresponding di‐acids (2 a‐2 h). (1 a‐1 h) and (2 a‐2 h) were then core‐metalated to afford the corresponding metalloporphyrin species (3 a‐3 h) and (4 a‐4 h). The absorption and emission spectra of the free base (2 a‐2 h) and metallated porphyrins (4 a‐4 h) were found greatly influenced by the substituents at 10,20‐positions. SEM studies of solids deposited on surfaces from solution exhibited hydrogen‐bonded block‐shaped structures of 2 e and fibrous sheets of 2 f. Co‐crystallization of 2 a and 2 g with 4,4′‐bipyridyl yielded hetero‐molecular structures stabilized by both hydrogen O−H⋅⋅⋅N, and halogen N⋅⋅⋅I bonds in 2 a, and by O−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds and C−F⋅⋅⋅π interactions in 2 g.
An Efficient and Metal–free Synthesis of α‐Ketoesters via Oxidative Cross Coupling of Arylglyoxals with Alcohols
Authors: Vadagaonkar Kamlesh S. , Kalmode Hanuman P. , Shinde Suresh L. , Chaskar Atul C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn efficient and metal‐free protocol has been developed for the synthesis of α‐ketoesters via oxidative cross coupling of arylglyoxals with alcohols by using N‐bromosuccinimide as an oxidant and 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) as a base. The process involves cleavage of a C−H bond and construction of a C−O bond. Mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, broad substrate scope, operational simplicity and good to excellent yields of the products are remarkable features of this method.
Firm Lifecycles: Linking Employee Incentives and Firm Growth Dynamics
Authors: Bennett Victor M. , Levinthal Daniel A. 
Published: January 2017

Research summary: While the economic advantages of scale are well understood, implications of the rate of firm growth are arguably less appreciated. Since firms' growth rate influences employees' promotion opportunities, the growth rate can have significant implications for the incentives employees face. Rapid growth, by creating more promotion opportunities, motivates employees to engage in extra‐role behaviors that might result in promotion should an opportunity arise. Building on this argument, we develop a formal model linking the design of firms' incentive structure to their rate of growth. The associated dynamics lead to three distinct epochs of firms' lifecycle: rapid growth and high‐powered incentives driven by frequent promotion opportunities; moderate growth with infrequent promotion opportunities, but large salary increases contingent on promotion; and finally, stagnant firms with low‐powered incentives.Managerial summary: While being innovative can lead to a firm growing quickly, the opposite may also be true. Growing quickly may contribute to a firm's ability to improve its processes. Employees are often a source of process improving ideas. Employees' primary incentive to go “outside the job description” to improve those processes is often promotion. The availability of promotions, however, is linked to the firm's growth rate. Firms that are growing quickly can credibly promise to reward their most innovative employees with promotions. Established and slowly growing firms have fewer opportunities for growth, which gives employees less incentive to go “above and beyond.” This can mean that rapid growth can reinforce a firm's competitive advantage. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low wind speed events: persistence and frequency
Authors: Patlakas Platon , Galanis George , Diamantis Dimitris , Kallos George 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOver the last decades, wind energy industry has been growing with an increasing rate. This is highly relevant to the need of new wind farm site selection with certain standards such as high wind potential and accessibility. Even in windy areas, low wind speed persistence can be characterized as an extreme (non‐frequent) atmospheric condition for the electricity network as it can lead to low or no energy production. The current work is focused on the estimation of the duration and the frequency of occurrence of low wind speed events using the principles of extreme value theory. The two methods used are the ‘intensity given duration’ and the ‘duration given intensity’ that lead to the same point from different perspectives. The data used is derived from a 10 year, hindcast, high‐resolution database developed by the Atmospheric Modeling and Weather Forecasting Group of the University of Athens. The great potential and multinational interest concerning energy applications in the North Sea has led to its selection as a study area. The outcome of the study includes the development of intensity–duration–frequency curves as well as a comparison between the two methodologies adopted. Based on these, the largest period of no energy production for a preselected probability of occurrence is estimated for the area of interest. The results of this work could be potentially supportive for studying the regional climatology. Such information can be included in risk assessment techniques and can be applied among others for energy activities. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient Barriers to Accessing Surgical Cleft Care in Vietnam: A Multi‐site, Cross‐Sectional Outcomes Study
Authors: Swanson Jordan W. , Yao Caroline A. , Auslander Allyn , Wipfli Heather , Nguyen Thi‐Hai‐Duc , Hatcher Kristin , Vanderburg Richard , Magee William P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundMost people who lack adequate access to surgical care reside in low‐ and lower–middle‐income countries. Few studies have analyzed the barriers that determine the ability to access surgical treatment. We seek to determine which barriers prevent access to cleft care in a resource‐limited country to potentially enable barrier mitigation and improve surgical program design.MethodsA cross‐sectional, multi‐site study of families accessing care for cleft lip and palate deformities was performed in Vietnam. A survey instrument containing validated demographic, healthcare service accessibility, and medical/surgical components was administered. The main patient outcome of interest was receipt of initial surgical treatment prior to 18 months of age.ResultsAmong 453 subjects enrolled in the study, 216 (48%) accessed surgical care prior to 18 months of age. In adjusted regression models, education status of the patient’s father (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.1–2.5) and male sex (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.1–2.4) were both associated with timely access to care. Distance and associated cost of travel, to either the nearest district hospital or to the cleft surgical mission site, were not associated with timing of access. In a sensitivity analysis considering care received prior to 24 months of age, cost to attend the surgical mission was additionally associated with timely access to care.ConclusionsHalf of the Vietnamese children in our cohort were not able to access timely surgical cleft care. Barriers to accessing care appear to be socioeconomic as much as geographical or financial. This has implications for policies aimed at reaching vulnerable patients earlier.
Tube Thoracostomy Complications Increase Cost
Authors: Hernandez Matthew C. , Zeb Muhammad H. , Heller Stephanie F. , Zielinski Martin D. , Aho Johnathon M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundTube thoracostomy (TT) can be an effective therapy for thoracic pathologies. Ineffective placement of TT is common and associated with significant complications. Complications require additional interventions to repair damaged tissues or replace dysfunctional TT. We hypothesize that complicated TT insertion increases cost to the hospital system.MethodsAdult trauma patients requiring TT at a level 1 trauma center (2012–2013) were reviewed. Intraoperative or image‐guided TT placements were excluded. Baseline demographics and TT insertion cost (normalized and assigned by hospital billing records) were recorded. Costs included initial TT equipment, radiographs, and subsequent operative or radiologic intervention to correct TT complications. Complications were categorized using previously validated method. Secondary outcomes included: number of TT inserted, number of chest radiographs performed, and TT dwell time utilizing a standardized TT discontinuation protocol.ResultsA total of 154 patients with 246 TT were included. Ninety TT (37%) had complication. Complication categories are postremoval (n = 15, 16.7%), insertional (n = 13, 14.4%), positional (n = 62, 68.9%). Overall median complicated TT cost was 9 times greater than uncomplicated TT insertion, p = 0.001. Insertional complications median cost 21 times greater than an uncomplicated, due to operative and radiologic interventions (p = 0.0001). Positional and postremoval complication rates increased median cost by 3 times compared to uncomplicated TT (p = 0.03). Operative or radiologic interventions (n = 10) were performed for organ injury or uncontrolled hemo‐/pneumothorax. Increased dwell time median [IQR] was associated with complicated TT compared to uncomplicated 3 [1–5] versus 2 [1–3], p = 0.01.ConclusionTT is a common procedure. TT complications are often considered benign. However, patients with a complicated TT insertion, especially related to insertional subtypes, have markedly increased hospitalization costs due to need for operative or radiologic repair.Level of evidenceLevel V—retrospective study.Study typeThis is a retrospective single‐institution study.
Role of Postoperative C‐Reactive Protein Levels in Predicting Prognosis After Surgical Treatment of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Ibuki Yuta , Hamai Yoichi , Hihara Jun , Emi Manabu , Taomoto Junya , Furukawa Takaoki , Yamakita Ichiko , Kurokawa Tomoaki , Okada Morihito 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundElevated preoperative serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels are reportedly associated with a poor prognosis for patients with various types of malignant tumors. However, the impact of postoperative CRP levels on the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer remains unknown. The present study aims to clarify the prognostic significance of postoperative CRP levels on the survival of patients with esophageal cancer.MethodsWe reviewed the records of consecutive 202 patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy. We measured serum CRP levels on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 and evaluated the relationships between postoperative CRP levels and survival.ResultsThe findings of Cox regression analyses suggested that elevated CRP levels on POD 3, 5 and 7 were associated with poor recurrence‐free survival (RFS). We divided CRP levels on POD 7 into three tertiles and found that RFS could be clearly stratified, being the poorest (p < 0.001) in the highest tertile (high CRP). The trend was similar even in patients with or without infectious complications and with or without advanced pathological stage. Multivariate analysis showed that pathologically advanced stage (Hazard ratio [HR], 5.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.67–9.87; p < 0.001) and high CRP (HR, 2.27; 95% CI 1.3–3.96; p = 0.004) were independent predictors of RFS.ConclusionPostoperative CRP levels could predict the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. We propose that the clinical course of postoperative CRP level should be carefully monitored as a predictor of survival.
Identity and intensionality in Univalent Foundations and philosophy
Authors: Angere Staffan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Univalent Foundations project constitutes what is arguably the most serious challenge to set-theoretic foundations of mathematics since intuitionism. Like intuitionism, it differs both in its philosophical motivations and its mathematical-logical apparatus. In this paper we will focus on one such difference: Univalent Foundations’ reliance on an intensional rather than extensional logic, through its use ofintensional Martin-Löf type theory. To this, UF adds what may be regarded as certain extensionality principles, although it is not immediately clear how these principles are to be interpreted philosophically. In fact, this framework gives an interesting example of a kind of border case between intensional and extensional mathematics. Our main purpose will be the philosophical investigation of this system, and the relation of the concepts of intensionality it satisfies to more traditional philosophical or logical concepts such as those of Carnap and Quine.
Strain Analysis of the Salem-Attur Shear Zone of Southern Granulite Terrane Around Salem, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sundaralingam K. , Biswal T. K. , Thirukumaran V. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Salem-Attur shear zone in the Southern Granulite Terrane demarcates the tectonic boundary between Archaean granulites of Dharwar Craton and the Palaeoproterozoic granulites of Salem area. The shear zone marks a low angle thrust which has been steepened at places due to late stage folding. Static recrystallisation during late stage folding has removed the strain marker of mylonites to large extent. However, in a few places S-C angle and porphyroclasts are preserved and have been used to compute the strain. The strain shows apparent flattening by simple shear deformation with 35 % volume loss. A minimum displacement along the thrust has been computed to be 2.7 km. The strain k values increases with r suggesting the strain approaching towards prolate field with increase in strain intensity. The above study suggests the Salem-Attur shear zone is a thrust with low to moderate deformation and volume loss.
Drought Analysis and Its Implication in Sustainable Water Resource Management in Barind Area, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman A. T. M. Sakiur , Jahan Chowdhury Sarwar , Mazumder Quamrul Hasan , Kamruzzaman Md. , Hosono Takahiro 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
The study analyzes drought using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Mann-Kendall (MK) Trend Test in the context of the impacts of drought on groundwater table (GWT) during the period 1971-2011 in the Barind area, Bangladesh. The area experienced twelve moderate to extreme agricultural droughts in the years 1972, 1975, 1979, 1982, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1994, 2003, 2005, 2009 and 2010. Some of them coincide with El Niño events. Hydrological drought also occurred almost in the same years. However, relationship between all drought events and El Niño is not clear. Southern and central parts of the area frequently suffer from hydrological drought, northern part is affected by agricultural drought. Trends in SPI values indicate that the area has an insignificant trend towards drought, and numbers of mild and moderate drought are increasing. GWT depth shows strong correlation with rainy season SPI values such that GWT regaining corresponds with rising SPI values and vice versa. However, 2000 onwards, GWT depth is continuously increasing even with positive SPI values. This is due to over-exploitation of groundwater and changes in cropping patterns. Agricultural practice in Barind area based on groundwater irrigation is vulnerable to drought. Hence, adaptation measures to minimize effects of drought on groundwater ought to be taken.
GIS Based Groundwater Modeling Study to Assess the Effect of Artificial Recharge: A Case Study from Kodaganar River Basin, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sashikkumar M. C. , Selvam S. , Kalyanasundaram V. Lenin , Johnny J. Colins 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Groundwater is a dynamic and replenishable natural resource. The numerical modeling techniques serve as a tool to assess the effect of artificial recharge from the water conservation structures and its response with the aquifers under different recharge conditions. The objective of the present study is to identify the suitable sites for artificial recharge structures to augment groundwater resources and assess its performance through the integrated approach of Geographic Information System (GIS) and numerical groundwater modeling techniques using MODFLOW software for the watershed located in the Kodaganar river basin, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu. Thematic layers such as geology, geomorphology, soil, runoff, land use and slope were integrated to prepare the groundwater prospect and recharge site map. These potential zones were categorized as good (23%), moderate (54%), and poor (23%) zones with respect to the assigned weightage of different thematic layers. The major artificial recharge structures like percolation ponds and check dams were recommended based on the drainage morphology in the watershed. Finally, a three-layer groundwater flow model was developed. The model was calibrated in two stages, which involved steady and transient state condition. The transient calibration was carried out for the time period from January 1989 to December 2008. The groundwater model was validated after model calibration. The prediction scenario was carried out after the transient calibration for the time period of year up to 2013. The results show that there is 15 to 38% increase in groundwater quantity due to artificial recharge. The present study is useful to assess the effect of artificial recharge from the proposed artificial structures by integrating GIS and groundwater model together to arrive at reasonable results.
Geology and Petrography of the Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex, Southeastern Sindh, Pakistan: The Kharsar Body
Authors: Jan M. Qasim , Agheem M. Hassan , Laghari Amanullah , Anjum Suhail 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Kharsar hill is one of many granitic plutons comprising the Nagar Parkar igneous complex. The eastern part of the hill is occupied by grey-pink granite (earlier) and the western part by pink granite (later). They are composed of perthite, quartz, and plagioclase, with minor opaque oxide, biotite, titanite, local amphibole, and secondary chlorite, epidote, leucoxene/titanite. The pink granite is characterized by the presence of mafic clots. Both the granitoids are intruded by microgranite/aplite, and porphyritic mafic and rhyolite dykes, locally in swarms. These are abundant in a NE trending 200 m wide zone cutting the entire granite hill. The dykes may extend over 1 km in length and &gt;10 m in thickness, but most are &lt; 100 m in length. The felsic dykes are of several generations; some are associated with the two varieties of granite, others are contemporaneous with the rhyolite and mafic dykes. The mafic dykes can be grouped into two types one of which contains hornblende and the other augite as the principal mafic mineral. Major element analyses suggest that the granitic rocks are metaluminous. The Kharsar granites, like the others in Nagar Parkar, may be an extension of the Malani igneous suite of Rajasthan. The occurrence of bimodal mafic-felsic dykes and petrographic variation in the mafic dykes are briefly discussed.