bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Electronic Communication of Iodine Doped Single‐Atom Fe Site for Highly Active and Stable Dopamine Oxidation
Authors: Li Xiaotong , Jiao Lei , Li Ruimin , Jia Xiangkun , Chen Chengjie , Hu Lijun , Yan Dongbo , Zhai Yanling , Lu Xiaoquan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRational design of highly active and stable catalysts for dopamine oxidation is still a great challenge. Herein, inspired by the catalytic pocket of natural enzymes, an iodine (I)‐doped single Fe‐site catalyst (I/FeSANC) is synthesized to mimic the catalytic center of heme enzymes in both geometrical and electronic structures, aiming to enhance dopamine (DA) oxidation. Experimental studies and theoretical calculations show that electronic communication between I and FeN5 effectively modulates the electronic structure of the active site, greatly optimizing the overlap of Fe 3d and O 2p orbitals, thereby enhancing OH adsorption. In addition, the electronic communication induced by iodine doping attenuates the attack of proton hydrogen on the active center, thereby enhancing the stability of I/FeSANC. This work provides new insights into the design of highly active and stable single‐atom catalysts and enhances the understanding of catalytic mechanisms for DA oxidation at the atomic scale.
Emulsion‐Based Multiscale Structural Design Realizes Lightweight and Superelastic Graphene Aerogels for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Zhang Yiman , Min Peng , Yue Guoyao , Niu Bochao , Li Lulu , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Zhang Hao‐Bin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUltralight graphene aerogels with high electrical conductivity and superelasticity are demanded yet difficult to produce. A versatile emulsion‐based approach is demonstrate to optimize multiscale structure of lightweight, elastic, and conductive graphene aerogels. By constructing Pickering emulsion using graphene oxide (GO), poly (amic acid) (PAA), and octadeyl amine (ODA), micron‐level close‐pore structure is realized while thermal shrinkage mismatch between GO and PAA creates numerous nanowrinkles during thermal annealing. GO nanosheets are bridged by PAA‐derived carbon, enhancing the structural integrity at molecular level. These multiscale structural features facilitate rapid electron transport and efficient load transfer, conferring graphene aerogels with intriguing mechanical and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties. The emulsion‐based graphene aerogel with an ultralow density of ≈3.0 mg cm−3 integrates outstanding electrical conductivity, air‐caliber thermal insulation, high EMI shielding effectiveness of 75.0 dB, and 90% strain compressibility with superb fatigue resistance. Intriguingly, thanks to the gel‐like rheological behavior of the emulsion, ultralight graphene scaffolds with programmable geometries are obtained by 3D printing. This work provides a general approach for the preparation of ultralight and superelastic graphene aerogels with excellent EMI shielding properties, showing broad application prospects in various fields.
Toward High‐Energy‐Density Initial‐Anode‐Free Lithium‐Metal Batteries via Ultra‐Thin Protective Ion‐Transport‐Promoting Interface Modification and Surface Prelithiation
Authors: Lu Jia , Ma Ziqiang , Wang Yuke , Dai Wangqi , Cheng Xinyu , Zuo Jinning , Lei Huanhao , Fu Zheng‐Wen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnode‐free lithium‐metal batteries (AFLMBs) are desirable candidates for achieving high‐energy‐density batteries, while severe active Li+ loss and uneven Li plating/stripping behavior impede their practical application. Herein, a trilaminar LS‐Cu (LiCPON + Si/C‐Cu) current collector is fabricated by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, including a Si/C hybrid lithiophilic layer and a supernatant carbon‐incorporated lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiCPON) solid‐state electrolyte layer. Joint experimental and computational characterizations and simulations reveal that the LiCPON solid‐state electrolyte layer can decompose into an in situ stout ion‐transport‐promoting protective layer, which can not only regulate homogeneous Li plating/stripping behavior but also inhibit the pulverization and deactivation of Si/C hybrid lithiophilic layer. When combined with surface prelithiated Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 (Preli‐LRM) cathode, the Preli‐LRM||LS‐Cu full cell delivers 896.1 Wh kg−1 initially and retains 354.1 Wh kg−1 after 50 cycles. This strategy offers an innovative design of compensating for active Li+ loss and inducing uniform Li plating/stripping behavior simultaneously for the development of AFLMBs.
Transforming learning experiences and assessments through AI‐empowered cocreation of quality feedback
Authors: Coenen Christian , Pfenninger Mirjam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article examines the transformative impact of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in enhancing feedback quality in a Bachelor of Science course. It the challenges of providing personalized, timely feedback to students in larger educational settings, focusing on the use of GenAI to analyze and respond to student logbooks. These logbooks are key to reflective learning and capture students’ insights and progress. The study explores the integration of GenAI in feedback provision, which moves beyond traditional automated processes to tailor feedback to individual student journeys, thus fostering a growth mindset. GenAI shows potential for revolutionizing learning feedback, with positive effects on student engagement and learning outcomes. The article details the innovation, implementation, and context of this approach, reflecting on the learning coach's experience and successes. It links these findings to educational theories, discussing the broader implications for educators, future AI integration in education, and policy considerations. The conclusion outlines the benefits of GenAI in feedback processes and future directions for exploration and ethical guidelines.
Frontiers in artificial intelligence‐directed light‐sheet microscopy for uncovering biological phenomena and multiorgan imaging
Authors: Zhu Enbo , Li Yan‐Ruide , Margolis Samuel , Wang Jing , Wang Kaidong , Zhang Yaran , Wang Shaolei , Park Jongchan , Zheng Charlie , Yang Lili , Chu Alison , Zhang Yuhua , Gao Liang , Hsiai Tzung K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLight‐sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) introduces fast scanning of biological phenomena with deep photon penetration and minimal phototoxicity. This advancement represents a significant shift in 3‐D imaging of large‐scale biological tissues and 4‐D (space + time) imaging of small live animals. The large data associated with LSFM require efficient imaging acquisition and analysis with the use of artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) algorithms. To this end, AI/ML‐directed LSFM is an emerging area for multiorgan imaging and tumor diagnostics. This review will present the development of LSFM and highlight various LSFM configurations and designs for multiscale imaging. Optical clearance techniques will be compared for effective reduction in light scattering and optimal deep‐tissue imaging. This review will further depict a diverse range of research and translational applications, from small live organisms to multiorgan imaging to tumor diagnosis. In addition, this review will address AI/ML‐directed imaging reconstruction, including the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and generative adversarial networks (GANs). In summary, the advancements of LSFM have enabled effective and efficient post‐imaging reconstruction and data analyses, underscoring LSFM's contribution to advancing fundamental and translational research.
Zinc separation from brass dust by the Fenton process
Authors: Van Phuong Nguyen , Tong Nguyen Xuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBrass polishing facilities generate waste dust rich in zinc and copper, presenting both an economic opportunity for resource recovery and an environmental challenge. The Fenton process, a promising hydrometallurgical solution, offers a way to separate zinc from this waste dust. Researchers employed an experimental design method to identify optimal parameters for zinc dissolution, including pH, ferrous iron (Fe2+) content, stirring speed, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration. Kinetic modeling identified the optimal parameters for zinc dissolution: pH 1, 0.1 M Fe2+, 60 rpm stirring speed, 1.0% H2O2 concentration (flow rate 1 mL min−1), and a reaction time of 2 h. The kinetic data suggested a first‐order kinetic model, indicating a chemically controlled surface reaction mechanism. These findings demonstrate the Fenton process's effectiveness in zinc dissolution from brass dust. This paves the way for further research on zinc recovery methods, such as electrolysis for metallic zinc production or integration into chemical manufacturing processes.
Defect fusion and Casimir energy in higher dimensions
Authors: Diatlyk Oleksandr , Khanchandani Himanshu , Popov Fedor K. , Wang Yifan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the operator algebra of extended conformal defects in more than two spacetime dimensions. Such algebra structure encodes the combined effect of multiple impurities on physical observables at long distances as well as the interactions among the impurities. These features are formalized by a fusion product which we define for a pair of defects, after isolating divergences that capture the effective potential between the defects, which generalizes the usual Casimir energy. We discuss general properties of the corresponding fusion algebra and contrast with the more familiar cases that involve topological defects. We also describe the relation to a different defect setup in the shape of a wedge. We provide explicit examples to illustrate these properties using line defects and interfaces in the Wilson-Fisher CFT and the Gross-Neveu(-Yukawa) CFT and determine the defect fusion data thereof.
Tree-level superstring amplitudes: the Neveu-Schwarz sector
Authors: Cacciatori Sergio L. , Grushevsky Samuel , Voronov Alexander A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a complete computation of superstring scattering amplitudes at tree level, for the case of Neveu-Schwarz insertions. Mathematically, this is to say that we determine explicitly the superstring measure on the moduli space $$ {\mathcal{M}}_{0,n,0} $$

M

0
,
n
,
0

of super Riemann surfaces of genus zero with n ≥ 3 Neveu-Schwarz punctures. While, of course, an expression for the measure was previously known, we do this from first principles, using the canonically defined super Mumford isomorphism [1]. We thus determine the scattering amplitudes, explicitly in the global coordinates on $$ {\mathcal{M}}_{0,n,0} $$

M

0
,
n
,
0

, without the need for picture changing operators or ghosts, and are also able to determine canonically the value of the coupling constant. Our computation should be viewed as a step towards performing similar analysis on $$ {\mathcal{M}}_{0,0,n} $$

M

0
,
0
,
n

, to derive explicit tree-level scattering amplitudes with Ramond insertions.
Missing energy plus jet in the SMEFT
Authors: Hiller Gudrun , Wendler Daniel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the production of dineutrinos in proton-proton collisions, with large missing transverse energy and an energetic jet as the experimental signature. Recasting a search from the ATLAS collaboration we work out constraints on semileptonic four-fermion operators, gluon and electroweak dipole operators and Z-penguins in the SMEFT. All but the Z-penguin operators experience energy-enhancement. Constraints on gluon dipole operators are the strongest, probing new physics up to 14 TeV, and improve over existing ones from collider studies. Limits on FCNC four-fermion operators are competitive with Drell-Yan production of dileptons, and improve on those for tau final states. For left-handed |∆s| = |∆d| = 1 and right-handed |∆c| = |∆u| = 1 transitions these are the best available limits, also considering rare kaon and charm decays. We estimate improvements for the 3000 fb−1 High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider.
The Dual-layer CGuard Stent Is Safe and Effective in Emergent Carotid Artery Stenting and in Tandem Occlusions: a Multi-centric Study
Authors: Zidan Mousa , Voss Yves Leonard , Wolf Marcel , Keil Fee , Brockmann Carolin , Gronemann Christian , Lehnen Nils Christian , Paech Daniel , Nordmeyer Hannes , Dorn Franziska 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Dual-layer stents have fallen into disrepute after several studies reported high rates of in-stent occlusions in acute stroke treatments. The CGuard stent is a new-generation hybrid dual-layer stent that has been designed to provide less thrombogenicity and to prevent peri- and postinterventional emboli. The aim of the study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the CGuard stent for the acute treatment of occlusion or high-grade stenosis of the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with and without concomitant intracranial large vessel occlusion (LVO).

Methods
All patients who underwent emergent carotid artery stenting (CAS) with the CGuard stent were identified and analyzed from the stroke registries from four tertiary German stroke centers. Clinical, procedural, and imaging data were evaluated. Stent patency within 72 h, intracranial hemorrhage, and modified Rankin score (mRS) at discharge were the safety and efficacy end points.

Results
Overall, ninety-six patients were included (mean age 70.2 ± 11.8, 66 males (68.8%), median NIHSS score at admission 11 (7–17), IV lysis: n = 44 (45.8%)). Stent placement was successful in all patients. Eighty-three (86.4%) patients had tandem occlusions. In-stent occlusion occurred in 5 patients (5.2%) and 3 patients developed early in-stent stenosis (3.1%). Median mRS at discharge was 2 (1–4).

Conclusion
In this multicenter study, the use of the dual-layer CGuard stent for emergent CAS, particularly in tandem occlusions, was safe and resulted in low rates of in-stent occlusions.
Effects of lorazepam on saccadic eye movements – evidence from prosaccade and free viewing tasks
Authors: Baumert Philine M. , Faßbender Kaja , Wintergerst Maximilian W. M. , Terheyden Jan H. , Aslan Behrem , Foulsham Tom , Harmening Wolf , Ettinger Ulrich 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Rationale
Peak velocities of saccadic eye movements are reduced after benzodiazepine administration. Even though this is an established effect, past research has only examined it in horizontal prosaccade tasks.

Objectives
The spectrum of saccadic eye movements, however, is much larger. Therefore, we aimed to make a first attempt at filling this research gap by testing benzodiazepine effects on saccades under different experimental task conditions.

Methods
1 mg lorazepam or placebo was administered (within-subjects, double-blind, in randomised order) to n = 30 healthy adults. Participants performed an extended version of the prosaccade task, including vertical saccade directions and different stimulus eccentricities, as well as a free viewing task.

Results
Results from the prosaccade task confirmed established effects of benzodiazepines as well as saccade direction on saccadic parameters but additionally showed that the drug effect on peak velocity was independent of saccade direction. Remarkably, in the free viewing task peak velocities as well as other saccade parameters were unaffected by lorazepam. Furthermore, exploration patterns during free viewing did not change under lorazepam.

Conclusions
Overall, our findings further consolidate the peak velocity of prosaccades as a biomarker of sedation. Additionally, we suggest that sedative effects of low doses of benzodiazepines may be compensated in tasks that more closely resemble natural eye movement behaviour, possibly due to the lack of time constraints or via neurophysiological processes related to volition.
Efficacy and safety of rechallenge with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T radioligand therapy in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Santo Giulia , Di Santo Gianpaolo , Sviridenko Anna , Bayerschmidt Steffen , Wirth Lukas , Scherbauer Fabian , Lehmann Peter , von Guggenberg Elisabeth , Decristoforo Clemens , Heidegger-Pircher Isabel , Bektic Jasmin , Virgolini Irene 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and outcome of rechallenge [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T in newly progressed mCRPC patients after response to initial [177Lu]Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy (PRLT).

Methods
We retrospectively included 18 patients who underwent rechallenge with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T. All patients presented with (i) newly progressed disease after response to initial PRLT; (ii) a [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT confirming the presence of PSMA-positive metastases; iii) ECOG performance status 0–1. Adverse events were graded according to CTCAE v5.0. Response was assessed by PSA and classified according to PCWG3 recommendations. For patients who underwent restaging with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, imaging response was categorised according to adapted PERCIST v1.0. In patients with discordant [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and PSA, other available imaging modalities were evaluated to confirm disease status. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the first cycle of initial PRLT and rechallenge PRLT, respectively, until last patient contact or death.

Results
Patients were initially treated with a median of 5 cycles (range 4–7) and were rechallenged after a median of 9 months (range 3–13). Each patient received a median of 4 (range 2–7) rechallenge cycles (median cumulative activity 26.1 GBq). None of the patients experienced life-threatening G4 adverse events during either treatment period. Grade 3 adverse events included one case of anaemia, one case of thrombocytopenia, and one case of renal failure. In 8/18 patients long-term toxicities were evaluated. Serious toxicities (≥ Grade 3) occurred in 3/8 patients (n = 1 G4 thrombocytopenia, n = 1 G4 renal failure and n = 1 pancytopenia and G4 renal failure). Best PSA50%-response was observed in 44% of patients and PSA-disease control was confirmed in 56% of patients at the last cycle. Of the 12/18 patients restaged by imaging, 6/12 (50%) patients had disease control (partial response/stable disease), 1/12 had a mixed response, and 5/12 had progression. After a median follow-up time of 25 months (range 14–44), 10 patients had died, 7 were still alive, and one patient was lost at follow-up. The median OS was 29 months (95%CI, 14.3–43.7 months) for the initial treatment and 11 months (95%CI, 8.1–13.8 months) for the first rechallenge course.

Conclusion
More than half of patients benefit from rechallenge PRLT. Our analysis suggests that rechallenge may prolong survival in selected patients, with an acceptable safety profile.
The application value of Rs-fMRI-based machine learning models for differentiating mild cognitive impairment from Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Chentong , Zhou Li , Zhou Feng , Fu Tingting 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Various machine learning (ML) models based on resting-state functional MRI (Rs-fMRI) have been developed to facilitate differential diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the diagnostic accuracy of such models remains understudied. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the diagnostic accuracy of Rs-fMRI-based radiomics in differentiating MCI from AD.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched from inception up to February 8, 2024, to identify relevant studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using a bivariate mixed-effects model, and sub-group analyses were carried out by the types of ML tasks (binary classification and multi-class classification tasks).

Findings
In total, 23 studies, comprising 5,554 participants were enrolled in the study. In the binary classification tasks (twenty studies), the diagnostic accuracy of the ML model for AD was 0.99 (95%CI: 0.34 ~ 1.00), with a sensitivity of 0.94 (95%CI: 0.89 ~ 0.97) and a specificity of 0.98 (95%CI: 0.95 ~ 1.00). In the multi-class classification tasks (six studies), the diagnostic accuracy of the ML model was 0.98 (95%CI: 0.98 ~ 0.99) for NC, 0.96 (95%CI: 0.96 ~ 0.96) for early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI), 0.97 (95%CI: 0.96 ~ 0.97) for late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), and 0.95 (95%CI: 0.95 ~ 0.95) for AD.

Conclusions
The Rs-fMRI-based ML model can be adapted to multi-class classification tasks. Therefore, multi-center studies with large samples are needed to develop intelligent application tools to promote the development of intelligent ML models for disease diagnosis.
Enhancing privacy protections in national identification systems: an examination of stakeholders’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices of privacy by design
Authors: Abomhara Mohamed , Nweke Livinus Obiora , Yayilgan Sule Yildirim , Comparin Debora , Teyras Kristel , de Labriolle Stéphanie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrivacy by Design (PbD) is a well-known concept that aims to provide a high level of protection for privacy throughout the entire life cycle of systems development. Despite the considerable attention from stakeholders such as researchers, government agencies, and system suppliers, the widespread adoption of PbD faces obstacles due to a lack of knowledge, insufficient awareness of PbD benefits, and the absence of specific implementation guidelines. In this study, stakeholders are identified primarily as diverse participants from government agencies and system suppliers engaged in National Identification Systems (NIDS). Specifically, government agencies representing regulatory bodies and administrators of NIDS, setting the legal framework that governs the NIDS’s privacy aspects. The NIDS system suppliers includes private companies playing a crucial role in the development and implementation of NIDS with a focus on privacy considerations. Through the perspectives of NIDS stakeholders, this study aimed to examine the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) of PbD principles and its integration in NIDS. A survey involving 203 participants from government agencies and NIDS system suppliers engaged in NIDS development was conducted. Subsequently, a focus group discussion was held with 11 members to provide qualitative insights into the KAP of PbD. The survey results revealed a significant correlation between attitudes and practices but a weak correlation between knowledge and attitudes or practices. The focus group discussion assured these findings, emphasizing the role of positive attitudes in facilitating PbD practices and highlighting knowledge-practice gaps. In conclusion, this study offers tailored recommendations for improving the integration of PbD in NIDS development. The recommendations includes strategies such as developing training programs, establishing clear guidelines and standards and creating awareness campaigns.