bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormities in boy anencephalic newborn in Iran
Authors: Bayat P. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Anencephaly is one of the most common neural tube defects. Neural tube defects are birth defects that affect the tissue that grows into the spinal cord and brain. Anencephaly occurs early in the development of an unborn baby. It results when the upper part of the neural tube fails to close. Why this happens is not known. Possible causes include environmental toxins and low intake of folic acid during pregnancy. Anencephaly occurs in about 4 out of 10,000 births. The exact number is unknown, because many of these pregnancies result in miscarriage. Having one infant with this condition increases the risk of having another child with neural tube defects. Materials and Methods & Results: We report a case anencephaly fetal and his characters in this study from 11543 women in 18month attending the antenatal clinic (Taleghani gynecology center in Arak city of Iranian center). Conclusion: It is recommended for this fetal disorder, mother ultrasound at from 12 to 20 weeks of pregnancy
Variations in the branching pattern in inferior mesenteric artery: a series of five cases
Authors: Singh R. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Inferior mesenteric artery arises from abdominal aorta just below the third part of duodenum at the level of L3-L4 vertebra. It supplies left colon and rectosigmoid colon through its branches namely- left colic artery, two-three sigmoid arteries and superior rectal artery. The branching pattern of inferior mesenteric artery is of immense use in colon surgery. Material and Methods: The study was carried out in the department of anatomy by dissecting seven embalmed cadavers. The inferior mesenteric artery and its branches were identified; its vertebral level was analysed. The length and diameter of inferior mesenteric artery were measured by vernier callipers. Results: In first case, bifurcation of inferior mesentric artery into common trunk and main artery then trifitrcation of main artery and bifurcation of common trunk belong to anomalous configuration. In second case, this artery gave a tetrafitrcated common trunk and main artery which continued as superior rectal artery. In third case, the same artery trifurcated into left colic, superior rectal artery and bifurcated common trunk. In fourth case, the artery bifurcated into common trunk further dividing into left colic and sigmoid arteries and main artery into superior rectal and sigmoid arteries. In fifth case, this artery trifitrcated into three branches namely, sigmoid, rectosigmoid, and superior rectal arteries. Left colic artery arose from superior mesenteric artery. Conclusion: The knowledge of branching pattern of inferior mesenteric artery will be of paramount importance to colon surgeons during colectomy, to radiologists in avoiding misinterpretation of radiographs and anatomists for new variants.
A Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Kiluk Brian D. , Benitez Bryan , DeVito Elise E. , Frankforter Tami L. , LaPaglia Donna M. , O’Malley Stephanie S. , Nich Charla 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based treatment for alcohol use, yet patient access is limited and may be enhanced through digital therapeutics.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of a digital CBT program (Computer-Based Training for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy [CBT4CBT]) or clinician-delivered CBT compared with standard treatment for reducing alcohol use.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA 3-arm randomized clinical trial was conducted at outpatient substance use treatment facilities in Connecticut between February 14, 2017, and December 31, 2021, that included an 8-week treatment period with a 6-month follow-up period. Treatment-seeking adults were included who met criteria for current alcohol use disorder and reported drinking at least 14 (men) or 7 (women) drinks per week in the past month and were sufficiently stable for outpatient treatment.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to 1 of the following groups: (1) treatment as usual (TAU) consisting of weekly group or individual counseling, (2) CBT delivered weekly by trained and fidelity-monitored clinicians, or (3) web-based CBT plus brief weekly clinical monitoring.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRates of alcohol use were measured weekly during the treatment period and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up using the timeline follow-back method. The primary outcome was the percentage of days abstinent (PDA) from alcohol per month. Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted.ResultsOf the 99 randomized participants (mean [SD] age, 45.5 [12.7]), 66 were male (66.7%); 39 identified as Black/African American (39.8%), 19 (19.2%) as Hispanic, and 47 (48.0%) as White. Mean (SD) rates of PDA from baseline to 6-month follow-up were 49.3% (27.8%) to 69.6% (34.4%) for TAU; 53.7% (29.8%) to 70.2% (35.1%) for CBT; and 47.6% (31.8%) to 82.6% (25.3%) for digital CBT. Results of random-effects regression showed a significant increase in PDA during the study period, with those assigned to digital CBT increasing PDA at a faster rate than TAU (t733 = 2.55; P = .01) and CBT (t733 = 3.36; P &amp;lt; .001). However, there was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups during the 8-week treatment period.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, while there was no significant difference between treatment groups during the 8-week treatment period, there was differential change between treatments during the 8-month study period that provides support for the efficacy of this digital CBT program.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02742246
Oral Microbiome and Subsequent Risk of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: Kwak Soyoung , Wang Chan , Usyk Mykhaylo , Wu Feng , Freedman Neal D. , Huang Wen-Yi , McCullough Marjorie L. , Um Caroline Y. , Shrubsole Martha J. , Cai Qiuyin , Li Huilin , Ahn Jiyoung , Hayes Richard B. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceThe oral microbiota may be involved in development of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), yet current evidence is largely limited to bacterial 16S amplicon sequencing or small retrospective case-control studies.ObjectiveTo test whether oral bacterial and fungal microbiomes are associated with subsequent risk of HNSCC development.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspective nested case-control study among participants providing oral samples in 3 epidemiological cohorts, the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort, the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, and the Southern Community Cohort Study. Two hundred thirty-six patients who prospectively developed HNSCC were identified during a mean (SD) of 5.1 (3.6) years of follow-up. Control participants who remained HNSCC free were selected by 2:1 frequency matching on cohort, age, sex, race and ethnicity, and time since oral sample collection. Data analysis was conducted in 2023.ExposuresCharacterization of the oral bacterial microbiome using whole-genome shotgun sequencing and the oral fungal microbiome using internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Association of bacterial and fungal taxa with HNSCC was assessed by analysis of compositions of microbiomes with bias correction. Association with red and orange oral pathogen complexes was tested by logistic regression. A microbial risk score for HNSCC risk was calculated from risk-associated microbiota.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was HNSCC incidence.ResultsThe study included 236 HNSCC case participants with a mean (SD) age of 60.9 (9.5) years and 24.6% women during a mean of 5.1 (3.6) years of follow-up, and 485 matched control participants. Overall microbiome diversity at baseline was not related to subsequent HNSCC risk; however 13 oral bacterial species were found to be differentially associated with development of HNSCC. The species included the newly identified Prevotella salivae, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Leptotrichia species, as well as several species belonging to beta and gamma Proteobacteria. The red/orange periodontal pathogen complex was moderately associated with HNSCC risk (odds ratio, 1.06 per 1 SD; 95% CI, 1.00-1.12). A 1-SD increase in microbial risk score (created based on 22 bacteria) was associated with a 50% increase in HNSCC risk (multivariate odds ratio, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.21-1.85). No fungal taxa associated with HNSCC risk were identified.Conclusions and RelevanceThis case-control study yielded compelling evidence that oral bacteria are a risk factor for HNSCC development. The identified bacteria and bacterial complexes hold promise, along with other risk factors, to identify high-risk individuals for personalized prevention of HNSCC.
Violent attitudes in Portugal and Canada: Measurement invariance and psychometric properties of the Evaluation of Violence Questionnaire
Authors: Nunes Kevin L. , Pechorro Pedro , Peters Joshua R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTheory and evidence suggest that attitudes toward violence are relevant for the explanation, prediction, and reduction of violent behavior. The purpose of the present study was to adapt a measure of violent attitudes—the Evaluation of Violence Questionnaire (EVQ)—for use in Portugal, test the cross‐country equivalence, and test the validity of both versions. We found the expected one‐factor structure, high internal consistency, and cross‐country measurement invariance for the Portuguese and original EVQ with men in Portugal (N = 320) and Canada (N = 298). We also found the expected pattern of correlations with measures of more versus less theoretically relevant constructs: both versions of the EVQ showed the strongest correlations with overall aggression and reactive aggression; slightly lower correlations with proactive aggression; negative correlations with self‐control; and the smallest correlations with self‐esteem. Our results support the equivalence, reliability, and validity of the Portuguese and original versions of the EVQ.
Hydrogenated Pyridine‐Pyrrole Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for High‐Efficiency Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in NaCl Electrolyte
Authors: Xie Huarui , Fu Jianjun , Liu Jia , Yang Bin , Shen Pei Kang , Tian Zhi Qun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeveloping metal‐free carbon catalysts is critical to achieve the electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) using seawater as electrolyte. Herein, N‐rich doped carbon (NC) is synthesized by directly pyrolyzing guanine as both N and C sources, which can facilitate the formation of ultrahigh‐N dopant (up to 33.89 at.%), and their ratios. The NC obtained at 700 °C with hydrogenated pyridine‐N and pyrrole‐N (3:2) dopants exhibits a superior selectivity of H2O2 (up to 96%), high mass activity of 545.5 A g−1 at 0.2 V versus RHE and stable production of H2O2 with 16.8 in 0.5 M NaCl. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectrum analysis proves that hydrogenated pyridine‐N and pyrrole‐N dopants play a critical role in constructing metal‐free active sites for the synthesis of H2O2. Meanwhile, theoretical calculations further reveal that compared to non‐hydrogenated N dopants, hydrogenated pyridine and pyrrole N can tune the projected density of states of 2pz orbitals of their adjacent carbon atoms approaching Fermi Level, enhancing *OOH to H2O2 through 2e− ORR rather than H2O via 4e− ORR. This work provides new insights for developing metal‐free catalysts for efficient electrosynthesis of H2O2 using seawater resources as promising electrolytes.
Increases in 4‐Acetaminobutyric Acid Generated by Phosphomevalonate Kinase Suppress CD8+ T Cell Activation and Allow Tumor Immune Escape
Authors: Zhou Xinyi , Chen Zhiqiang , Yu Yijiang , Li Mengjiao , Cao Yu , Prochownik Edward V. , Li Youjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCertain metabolites in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can alter innate immunity. Here, it is shown how phosphomevalonate kinase (PMVK) allows hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to overcome the anti‐tumor immunity mediated by CD8+ T cells. In HCCs, depletion of PMVK is required to facilitate CD8+ T cell activation and their subsequent suppression of tumor growth. Mechanistically, PMVK phosphorylates and stabilizes glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1), thus increasing the synthesis of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), which normally functions as a neurotransmitter. However, PMVK also recruits acetyl‐CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) and allows it to convert GABA, to 4‐acetaminobutyric acid (4‐Ac‐GABA), which is released into the TME. There, 4‐Ac‐GABA activates the GABAA receptor (GABAAR) on CD8+ T cells, which inhibits AKT1 signaling. This in turn suppresses CD8+ T cell activation, intratumoral infiltration, and the anti‐tumor response. Inhibiting PMVK or GABAAR in HCC mouse models overcomes resistance to anti‐PD‐1 immune checkpoint therapy. These findings reveal non‐canonical and cooperative functions among the key metabolic enzymes PMVK, GAD1, and ACAT1 that reprogram glutamine metabolism to synthesize a potent CD8+ T cell inhibitor 4‐Ac‐GABA. Blocking 4‐Ac‐GABA signaling in CD8+ T cells, particularly when combined with immune checkpoint inhibition, potentially represents a new and potent form of immunotherapy.
Polarization Pruning: Reliability Enhancement of Hafnia‐Based Ferroelectric Devices for Memory and Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Koo Ryun‐Han , Shin Wonjun , Kim Jangsaeng , Yim Jiyong , Ko Jonghyun , Jung Gyuweon , Im Jiseong , Park Sung‐Ho , Kim Jae‐Joon , Cheema Suraj S , Kwon Daewoong , Lee Jong‐Ho 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFerroelectric (FE) materials are key to advancing electronic devices owing to their non‐volatile properties, rapid state‐switching abilities, and low‐energy consumption. FE‐based devices are used in logic circuits, memory‐storage devices, sensors, and in‐memory computing. However, the primary challenge in advancing the practical applications of FE‐based memory is its reliability. To address this problem, a novel polarization pruning (PP) method is proposed. The PP is designed to eliminate weakly polarized domains by applying an opposite‐sign pulse immediately after a program or erase operation. Significant improvements in the reliability of ferroelectric devices are achieved by reducing the depolarization caused by weakly polarized domains and mitigating the fluctuations in the ferroelectric dipole. These enhancements include a 25% improvement in retention, a 50% reduction in read noise, a 45% decrease in threshold voltage variation, and a 72% improvement in linearity. The proposed PP method significantly improves the memory storage efficiency and performance of neuromorphic systems.
Current state and potential applications of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) inhibitors in hematologic conditions
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy W. , Booth Garrett S. , Raza Sheharyar , Clark Landon M. , Fasano Ross M. , Gavriilaki Eleni , Abels Elizabeth A. , Binns Thomas C. , Duque Miriam Andrea , McQuilten Zoe K. , Mingot‐Castellano María Eva , Savani Bipin N. , Sharma Deva , Tran Minh‐Ha , Tormey Christopher A. , Moise Kenneth J. , Bloch Evan M. , Adkins Brian D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe neonatal fragment crystallizable (Fc) receptor (FcRn) transports IgG across mucosal surfaces and the placenta and protects IgG from degradation. Numerous clinical trials are investigating therapeutic FcRn inhibition for various immune‐mediated neuromuscular and rheumatologic conditions; however, FcRn inhibition also represents a potential therapy for IgG‐mediated hematologic conditions (e.g., immune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, acquired hemophilia, red blood cell/platelet alloimmunization). Current evidence derived from both in vitro and in vivo studies suggests that FcRn inhibitors effectively reduce total IgG levels without impacting its production or altering the levels of other immunoglobulin isotypes. Moreover, the risk of serious adverse events, including serious infections, appears to be lower than that seen with other commonly used immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive therapies, albeit in the setting of limited clinical trial data. Ultimately, additional clinical trials that include varied patient populations are required prior to incorporating these agents into standard treatment algorithms for most hematologic conditions. However, based on the pathophysiology of IgG‐mediated hematologic disorders and the mechanism of action of FcRn inhibitors, these agents may represent a future novel therapeutic strategy for patients with hematologic conditions caused by IgG antibodies.
Severe Phenotype With RECQL4 Syndrome: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Kanai Yu , Takahashi Hironori , Hasegawa Fuyuki , Hori Asuka , Suzuki Hisato , Takahashi Shoko , Fukushima Hiroko , Takada Hidetoshi , Horie Kenji , Ozawa Katsunori , Furukawa Rieko , Kosaki Kenjiro , Hata Kenichiro 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBaller–Gerold syndrome (BGS, OMIM: 218600), RAPADILINO syndrome (OMIM 266280), and Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS, OMIM 266280), which are caused in some cases by RECQL4 pathogenic variants, show autosomal recessive inheritance. Some refer to them collectively as RECQL4 syndromes. Most cases have been reported during infancy and childhood periods. However, there have been no reports of phenotypes resulting in a lethal course in the perinatal period. We identified two fetuses with biallelic RECQL4 pathogenic variants during the perinatal period. The two fetuses with RECQL4 syndrome showed structural abnormalities, including severely hypoplastic forearms and lower legs. One fetus also had severe pulmonary hypoplasia. One case resulted in neonatal death because of respiratory failure, and the other was artificially terminated during pregnancy. The RECQL4 pathogenic variants were identified by exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing. The biallelic RECQL4 pathogenic variants can induce a lethal skeletal disorder.
REAL AD—Validation of a realistic screening approach for early Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Leuzy Antoine , Heeman Fiona , Bosch Iris , Lenér Frida , Dottori Maria , Quitz Kajsa , Moscoso Alexis , Kern Silke , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Schöll Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEarly diagnosis is crucial to treatment success. This is especially relevant for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with its protracted preclinical phase. Most health care systems do not have the resources to conduct large‐scale AD screenings in middle‐aged individuals in need of novel AD treatment options and early, accurate diagnosis. Recent developments in blood‐based biomarkers and remote cognitive testing offer novel, cost‐effective, and scalable methods to detect cognitive and biomarker changes that may indicate early AD. In research cohorts, promising results have been reported, but these modalities have not been validated in population‐based settings. The validation of a realistic screening approach for early Alzheimer's disease (REAL AD) study aims to validate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of the combined use of blood‐based biomarkers and remote cognitive testing as a screening approach for early AD employing an existing health care infrastructure (the Swedish Västra Götaland Region Primary Healthcare). REAL AD aims to provide a concrete, individualized diagnostic framework, which could significantly improve AD prognosis.Highlights
In Sweden, most Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnoses are made in primary care, where access to AD biomarkers is almost non‐existent.
Most health care systems have limited resources for the screening of middle‐aged adults for early evidence of AD pathology.
Blood‐based biomarkers and remote cognitive testing offer novel, cost‐effective, and scalable methods for detecting cognitive and biomarker changes that may indicate early AD.
The REAL AD study aims to validate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of blood‐based biomarkers and remote cognitive testing as a screening approach for early AD in an existing primary health care infrastructure in the Västra Götaland Region in Sweden.
Studies such as REAL AD will play a vital role in helping to move the field toward concrete implementation of biomarkers in AD diagnostic workup at all care levels, eventually providing more comprehensive treatments options for the large and growing AD population, and for those at risk.
Quantized Orbital Angular Momentums of Dipolar Magnons and Magnetoelectric Cavity Polaritons
Authors: Kamenetskii E. O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMagnons are viewed as local deviations from the ordered state. Usually, the spin magnetic moment of magnons is considered. In a 3D‐confined structure of a magnetic insulator with magnetodipolar mode (MDM) oscillations, an orbital angular momentum (OAM) as well as a spin angular momentum (SAM) can be observed along a static magnetic field. In such a confined structure as quasi‐2D ferrite disk, energy levels of MDM oscillations are quantized. Quantum confinement is characterized by a half‐integer internal OAM, which is also associated with a circulating energy flow. The observation of MDM resonances in the 3D‐confined structure of a magnetic insulator is due to the interaction of two subsystems: ferromagnetic and electric polarization orders. The coupling states of these two concurrent orders, caused by OAMs, are considered as magnetoelectric (ME) states. The near fields of MDM resonators are characterized by simultaneous violation of time reversal and inversion symmetry. This plays a significant role in the problems of strong light‐matter interaction regime and quantum atmosphere. The analysis of SAM and OAM in 3D‐confined magnetic insulators becomes very important for the realization of ME meta‐atomic structures. Current interest lies in considering such artificial systems as subwavelength ME quantum emitters of electromagnetic radiation.
Stereoselective Vinylic C−H Addition via Metallaphotoredox Migration
Authors: Ding Linlin , Wang Minyan , Liu Yiming , Lu Hongjian , Zhao Yue , Shi Zhuangzhi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGeometrically defined allylic alcohols with SE, SZ, RE and RZ stereoisomers serve as valuable intermediates in synthetic chemistry, attributed to the stereoselective transformations enabled by the alkenyl and hydroxyl functionalities. When an ideal scenario presents itself with four distinct stereoisomers as potential products, the simultaneous control vicinal stereochemistry in a single step would offer a direct pathway to any desired stereoisomer. Here, we unveil a metallaphotoredox migration strategy to access stereodefined allylic alcohols through vinylic C−H activation with aldehydes. This method harnesses a chiral nickel catalyst in concert with a photocatalyst to enable a 1,4‐Ni migration by using readily accessible 2‐vinyl iodoarenes as starting materials. The efficacy of this methodology is highlighted by the precise construction of all stereoisomers of allylic alcohols bearing analogous substituents and the efficient synthesis of key intermediates en route to Myristinin family. Experimental and computational studies have shed light on pivotal aspects including the synergy of metal catalysis and photocatalysis, the driving forces behind the migration, and the determination of absolute configuration in the C−H addition process.