bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olhar fracionado e face expressionista: a construção da personagem em Samuel Rawet
Authors: Pires Maria Isabel Edom 
Published: November 2017

O artigo visa discutir a presença das artes plásticas e da fotografia na construção da personagem Ida do conto “A prece” de Samuel Rawet. Pergunta-se sobre o significado do emprego de diversos recursos de picturalidade, notadamente as alusões ao Cubismo e ao Expressionismo, para narrar a história da imigrante judia. Questiona-se o motivo pelo qual ela é vista e mostrada de forma seccionada e deformada. Com base nas teorias sobre translação e transposição entre artes (Moser, Clüver, Louvel), aponta-se para alguns sentidos pelos quais se passa de uma arte a outra, entendendo o tema da imigração como o catalizador de muitos deles.
A sustainable design for an off-grid passive container house
Authors: Bowley W. , Mukhopadhyaya P. 
Published: November 2017

Buildings are the largest consumers of energy, accounting for nearly 40% of all energy used. Therefore, an effective method of reducing energy consumption is to create and design more efficient buildings. In this paper details of a sustainable and green building design for a small residential home are presented. This design is unique in that it is built to Passive house standards, and using shipping containers. The structure will use four 20 ft. (6.1 m) high and one 40 ft. (12.2 m) high cube containers, with the four 20 ft. (6.1 m) making up the main floor and the 40 ft. (12.2 m) forming the second floor. The size is a modest 820 sq. ft. (76.2 m2) designed for a family with one or two children.
The goal for the building is to be as self-sufficient as possible which makes it ideally suited to an ‘off-grid’ rural setting. However, it can be adapted to be ‘on-grid’ as well. Solar energy will provide all the electricity needs through a photovoltaic battery system, and warm water with a solar water heater. The site will be water neutral by utilising rainwater harvesting and on site waste water treatment. The results from energy modelling, using HOT2000, are presented, as well as an in-depth analysis on different insulation types and strategies. Finally, a cost estimate exercise is conducted and results compared to other passive houses and traditional code compliance buildings.
Bibliometric analysis of the development of nanoscience research in South Africa
Authors: Makhoba Xolani , Pouris Anastassios 
Published: November 2017

Nanotechnology is a fast-growing scientific research area internationally and is classified as an important emerging research area. In response to this importance, South African researchers and institutions have also increased their efforts in this area. A bibliometric study of articles as indexed in the Web of Science considered the development in this field with respect to the growth in literature, collaboration profile and the research areas that are more within the country’s context. We also looked at public institutions that are more active in this arena, including government policy considerations as guided by the National Nanotechnology Strategy launched in 2005. We found that the number of nanotechnology publications have shown a remarkable growth ever since the launch of the strategy. Articles on nanotechnology have been published in numerous journals, with Electrochimica Acta publishing the most, followed by Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. These publications fall within the traditional domains of chemistry and physics. In terms of the institutional profile and based on publication outputs over the period reviewed, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research is a leading producer of publications in nanotechnology, followed by the University of the Witwatersrand – institutions that are both based in the Gauteng Province. There is a high level of international collaboration with different countries within this field – the most productive collaboration is with India, followed by the USA and China, as measured through co-authorship.

Significance:

Nanotechnology as a field of research is experiencing rapid growth and there is a need to understand progress from a South African perspective.
Clinico-epidemiological study of dengue cases in a tertiary care hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
Authors: Bhardwaj Lalit Mohan , Borthakur Swapnav , Bhattacharyya Prabhas Chandra 
Published: November 2017

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is a common mosquito borne disease caused by dengue virus and is transmitted by Aedes mosquito. It is one of the major public health problems in India. A large-scale outbreak of dengue fever occurred in 2016 involving several districts of Assam. Here we report our experience with Dengue cases. The present study was aimed to assess clinical and epidemiological aspects of dengue cases presenting in down town hospital, Guwahati, Assam.Methods: A record based retrospective study conducted in our centre. Total 880 fever cases, fulfilling WHO criteria for dengue suspicion were included in our study. Required data from the entire laboratory confirmed cases from 1st January to 31st December 2016 were collected from MRD (medical record department) and analysed. Epidemiological data were compared with previous year’s available data from 1st January to 31st December 2015.Results: The number of dengue cases in 2016 clearly outnumbered the dengue cases in past years. Most of the cases were in the age group 20-50 years with a male preponderance. The outbreak occurred during the months of August-November indicating increased vector transmission in the monsoon and post monsoon periods. Average days of hospital stay were 6 days.Conclusions: Measures can be taken both at personal and government level to reduce morbidity and mortality from dengue particularly during the monsoon period.
Clinical profile of patients presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kumar Chandan , Kumar Chakrabarti Sumit , Chakraborty Sucharita , Sinharay Keshab 
Published: November 2017

Background: It has been seen that Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the most mutual gastrointestinal emergencies for physicians and surgeons. In the recent past studies, there is raised incidence of peptic ulcer with raised frequency of bleeding from it. The range of upper GI bleeding fluctuates from region to region and relies on the status of the centre in hospital hierarchy.Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, hospital-based, single centre study was carried out on 150 patients admitted in tertiary care hospital with the presentation of GI bleeding. A detailed patient history was taken followed by required clinical and laboratory investigations. Then patients were resuscitated and subjected to endoscopic procedure.Results: 150 patients were treated among which 105 were male (70%) and 45 females (30%). 111 patients (74%) had upper GI bleed, 28 patients (19%) had lower GI bleed, and 11 patients (7%) had obscure bleed. 41% of the population were diagnosed to have peptic ulcer (gastric or duodenal) as the cause behind GI bleed forming the main aetiology in this study population, 26% had oesophageal varices constituting second important cause of GI bleed, and 7% had obscure bleed. Those who had undergone UGI endoscopy or sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy within last one month and who were having GI bleed following GI surgery were excluded from the study.Conclusions: It was seen that upper GI bleeding is more common than lower GI bleeding. Peptic ulcer was the chief cause resulting in gastrointestinal bleed followed by oesophageal varices. Gastrointestinal bleeding was more common in male population affecting mainly subjects over 40 years of age.
A correlative study to evaluate the gestational age by sonological measurement of placental thickness in normal second and third trimester pregnancy
Authors: Pant Sunil , Dashottar Sunita 
Published: November 2017

Background: The dating of the pregnancy starts well before the fertilization has occurred because the gestational age is calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP). Accurate knowledge of the Gestational Age (GA) is the key for the good antenatal care and successful deliveries of babies. Menstrual history can be unreliable or misleading at many times. There may be fallacy in the measurement of the fetal biometric parameters in estimating the gestational age in some situation. So, there is a need of another parameter for supplementing the gestational age estimation with minimal error. The aim of the study was to evaluate the placental thickness as a parameter for estimation of gestational age and also to assess the growth pattern of placenta with advancing gestational age.Methods: A total of 110 pregnant women who selected randomly from the antenatal clinics (between the gestational ages from 14 weeks to 40 weeks) who did not have any maternal or fetal complications. The biometric parameters: Biparietal Diameter (BPD), Head Circumference (HC), Abdominal Circumference (AC), Femur Length (FL) and the Placental thickness (PT) were measured by ultrasound machine LOGIQ P5 unit with a curvilinear 3.5 MHz transducer. Mean value of the placental thickness along with the standard deviation (SD) and 95% confidence interval were calculated for each gestational age from 14 weeks to 40 weeks. Pearson’s correlation analysis and linear regression analysis was done quantifying the relationship between the gestational age in weeks and the placental thickness in millimetres.Results: The mean values of placental thickness show a perfect positive relationship (increasing trend) with gestational age and the mean value of placental thickness almost correspond to the gestational age till 35 weeks of the gestational age and fall marginally from 36 weeks. Placental thickness showed positive and significant correlation with gestational age (P-value<0.001) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) of 0.990.Conclusions: Placental thickness can be an additional parameter for estimation of the gestational age as it almost corresponds with the gestational age in second and third trimesters. Also, any abnormal placental thickness for the particular gestational age should raise the suspicion of underlying fetal or maternal disease condition which can cause an increased or decreased in the placental thickness and should be addressed in time.
A clinical study of pulmonary function tests in patients with COPD exacerbation
Authors: A. L. Shivaraj , B. J. Arun , A. D'Souza George , Nagaraj Niranjan 
Published: November 2017

Background: COPD is now recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality world over. This study aims to assess the serial change in spirometric values and 6-minute walking distance in COPD patients following exacerbation.Methods: A prospective study of 40 patients who were admitted to St. Johns Medical College Hospital with Acute Exacerbation of COPD. After proper history, initial assessment and evaluation, appropriate treatment started according to standard hospital protocols. Spirometry and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) was done at discharge and at an interval of two and six months during follow up. All the collected data was tabulated and statistically analysed by using software’s SAS 9.2, SPSS 15.0.Results: Among the 40 patients studied, there was a 9.18% drop in FVC (from 2.83 litres to 2.57 litres), 13.26% change in the FEV1/FVC ratio with a mean drop of 150 ml in FEV1 (1.5 litres to 1.35 litres) and 25 meters decline of 6MWD from 391.45 to 366.63 over 6 months follow up period, although none of them were statistically significant.Conclusions: A drop in FEV1 and (6MWD) minute walk distance was found in our study population over 6 months follow period after COPD exacerbations which is in line with the various study reports available in the literature reinforcing the fact that patients with increased airway inflammation show faster decline in FEV1.
Knowledge, attitude and perception of physicians towards adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting: a pharmacovigilance study
Authors: Adhikari Anjan , Indu Rania , Ray Moumita , Bhattacharya Sangita , Biswas Rahul , Das Anup Kumar 
Published: November 2017

Background: Contribution of physicians, in adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting and monitoring, to develop a global database is enormously significant to ensure safety of medicine. But, in reality, due to lack of awareness among the healthcare providers, under-reporting of suspected ADRs is a major problem, especially in countries like India. Present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of the physicians regarding self-reporting of ADR in a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational and questionnaire-based study involving physicians of different clinical departments. This questionnaire-based study was conducted to obtain the demography as well as information on knowledge, attitude and perception of physicians towards ADR reporting. Ethical clearance was obtained prior to start the study.Results: 50 doctors were included in the study after their verbal consent. It was revealed that average time taken to complete the answering of questionnaire by the physicians was 15 minutes. Among the study population (n=50), 54% of the participants were Postgraduate doctors and the rest 46% were graduates. 92% believed that it is necessary and would be beneficial for the patient to report ADRs. 74% also believed that ADR reporting is a professional obligation for doctors.Conclusions: Present study evaluated that majority of the healthcare professionals had good knowledge and attitude about pharmacovigilance and understand the need for reporting, but the rate of reporting was very low. More interactive training programme is needed to increase the awareness of reporting ADRs by healthcare professionals.
Community Consensus: Here’s to the “Typical” Member
Authors: Spady Darcy 
Published: November 2017

President's column
Not everyone can be the top dog, and I should know. I have spent a lot of my career in the middle of the pack.
Some of my professors, who must be suffering from amnesia, gave glowing remarks about me as a student. Not true—I was average. I scrambled to get assignments done, scrambled to study for exams (and pass them). It seemed to me that I worked very hard for every little inroad that I gained. I graduated at one of the worst times in the history of our industry, 1986, and was one of the 37 members of my class of 38 who did not get a job. Throughout my career, I had bad luck as often as good luck. The good times were sweet, but the bad times were typical.
The one thing that let me to excel in my career was my SPE involvement, and it made the difference between drudgery and enjoyment.
Basically, I was a grinder (allow me to use an ice hockey term). An average middle or back-of-the-pack guy who enjoyed life but ground away during most of my career. What a glorious, normal place to be!
Now for the good news: SPE is incredibly proficient at disseminating technical information and our very purpose is to make all members the best they can be, even the “average grinder.” At SPE, those members in the middle of the pack are really important, influential, and a well-regarded part of society.
I love the stories of the hard worker beating the odds. My SPE career is full of them, and as I travel as SPE President, I am so proud to lift these people up by acknowledging their great work. No member is average—they are all superstars.
People such as Howard Duhon, who has been likened to “the smartest man who ever lived.” But, if you asked Howard, he would say he is just a good ole boy from Louisiana.
People such as the PetroBowl team from the University of Benin who, despite losing their team captain and other players to visa issues, traveled the world to attend ATCE in San Antonio. With only two players, this team made it to the championship final, taking second place.
People such as Andrea Payer-Moser from the Vienna Basin Section who turned a routine presidential visit into a tremendous motivational experience for people in two countries. Twice.
After Drop in Activity, Haynesville Shale Sees Resurgence
Authors: Whitfield Stephen 
Published: November 2017

What was once old is now new again in US natural gas production. Once a crown jewel of shale in the US, the Haynesville has seen a resurgence in activity after a steady drop. Now, as natural gas consumption increases and the oil price remains low, companies are taking advantage of a potentially valuable opportunity in the area.
Located in east Texas and northern Louisiana (Fig. 1) the Haynesville was the largest US producer of shale gas. In November 2011, it averaged a record high production of 10.4 Bcf/D—but as natural gas prices decreased in the years leading to the oil price downturn, other plays in the Appalachian region of the US such as the Marcellus and the Utica began to surpass it in production. By 2015, shale gas production in relatively liquids-rich areas such as the Eagle Ford and the Permian were also producing more than the Haynesville.
The demise of the Haynesville appeared to be short-lived, though. In the past 18 months, the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) noted significant increases in drilling activity and well production rates, which have raised overall natural gas production in the region. Natural gas production reached 6.9 Bcf/D in September after remaining near 6.0 Bcf/D on average for the past 3 years.
Beyond the Numbers
Fig. 2 highlights some of the trends in the Haynesville. The EIA projected natural gas production to increase by 146 MMcf/D from October to November 2017. Rig count has nearly doubled from 2015 to the end of 2017.
A drop in well costs has helped drive the surge in activity. In 2014, the Haynesville had the most expensive costs in the US primarily because of the challenges its fuel-bearing rocks presented. The formations were among the deepest in the country, with some as deep as 15,000 ft. In the Appalachian region, wells are in areas where formations range from 2,000- to 12,000-ft depth. The shale formation thickness in the Haynesville is slightly narrower than other US shale plays as well, ranging from 100 to 350 ft.
In addition, the high pressure and temperature conditions led to stimulation treatments consisting of high-strength proppant and more thermally stable fluids. These fluids consisted of large polymer loadings of guar and sometimes derivatized guar gelling agents. Higher-quality resin-coated and ceramic prop-pants were commonly pumped as the primary proppant, increasing costs and forcing companies to adopt a strategy of “quality over quantity” in terms of production volumes (SPE 187315).
Digitalization of Oil and Gas Facilities Reduces Cost and Improves Maintenance Operations
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: November 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 27788, “Digitalization of Oil and Gas Facilities Reduces Cost and Improves Maintenance Operations,” by H. Devold, T. Graven, and S.O. Halvorsrød, ABB, prepared for the 2017 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 1–4 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2017 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
The digitalization of oil and gas facilities is becoming a new technical arena. Effective solutions can be used to convert data into information and knowledge, which can then be used to improve maintenance operations. This paper discusses several aspects of this process, ranging from a discussion of maintenance strategies to the opportunities presented by extracting new information from big data.
Introduction
Fieldbuses, device diagnostics, and advanced management-and-control systems collect large amounts of data, but acquiring and applying methods of exploiting the data have lagged. End users have expressed doubts that they are realizing value from these solutions and have wondered whether a return to simpler systems is needed. In this paper, the authors conclude that condition-based maintenance can reduce the cost of maintenance operations significantly and that further potential in predictive-maintenance regimes exists as experience with base data is gained.
Reactive, Scheduled, and Condition-Based Maintenance Strategies
A reactive, or break-and-fix, type of maintenance strategy will often present the lowest maintenance operation cost, seen in isolation. But also implied is the cost of production unavailability, the safety risk posed by very hazardous events, and the risk of high repair costs after catastrophic equipment failure.
Scheduled or periodic maintenance requires one to estimate failure modes and consequences for all equipment in the plant; then, on the basis of the equipment’s expected lifetime, one calculates inspection intervals and replacement cycles. Because this is often impractical to perform for each individual piece of equipment, equipment is divided into classes depending on type and is given maintenance that is based on that type and its criticality. This approach can have some undesirable effects, including the following:
The 80:20 rule may apply; it states that 80% of maintenance intervention is caused by 20% of equipment.
A conservative approach that prioritizes avoiding operational failures will lead to short inspection intervals and high maintenance costs.
Many sources conclude that human error is the source of as much as 50% of all maintenance issues. Thus, an excessive maintenance intensity will by itself lead to additional failures and the need for even more maintenance.