bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of NKG2D Ligands on Solid Tumors Requires Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cells and Histone Acetyltransferases
Authors: Hu Jiemiao , Bernatchez Chantale , Zhang Liangfang , Xia Xueqing , Kleinerman Eugenie S. , Hung Mien-Chie , Hwu Patrick , Li Shulin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
NKG2D-mediated immune surveillance is crucial for inhibiting tumor growth and metastases. Malignant tumor cells often downregulate NKG2D ligands to escape from immune surveillance. High-profile studies have shown that restoring NKG2D ligand expression via genetic engineering inhibits tumor formation and progression. However, no effective in vivo approaches are available to restore these ligands across different types of solid tumors because the classic stress signal–dependent induction of this ligand in vitro is transient and has rarely been duplicated in solid tumors in vivo. We found that coadministration of an immune stimulatory signal (IL12) and chemotherapy (doxorubicin) restored the NKG2D ligand Rae-1 in multiple tumor types, including a human tumor model. The restored expression of NKG2D ligands was associated with tumor cell death and delay of tumor progression in vivo. Induction of tumor-specific NKG2D ligands required the engagement of CD8+ T cells and was regulated by the histone acetyltransferases GCN5 and PCAF. The tumor-specific restoration of NKG2D ligands in a variety of tumor models, including a human tumor model, resulted in NKG2D-dependent tumor regression and extended survival time. The elucidation of a CD8+ T cell–dependent mechanism suggests that activated NKG2D+CD8+ T-cell therapy alone may be able to restore the NKG2D ligand in tumors. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(4); 300–11. ©2017 AACR.
Note on Analyzing Perturbation Growth in a Tropical Cyclone–Like Vortex Radiating Inertia–Gravity Waves
Authors: Schecter David A. , Menelaou Konstantinos 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A method is outlined for quantitatively assessing the impact of inertia–gravity wave radiation on the multimechanistic instability modes of a columnar stratified vortex that resembles an intense tropical cyclone. The method begins by decomposing the velocity field into one part that is formally associated with sources inside the vortex and another part that is attributed to radiation. The relative importance of radiation is assessed by comparing the rates at which the two partial velocity fields act to amplify the perturbation of an arbitrary tracer field—such as potential vorticity—inside the vortex. Further insight is gained by decomposing the formal vortex contribution to the amplification rate into subparts that are primarily associated with distinct vortex Rossby waves and critical-layer perturbations.
IncobotulinumtoxinA Injection for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder
Authors: Patel Amit A. , Lerner Michael Z. , Blitzer Andrew 
Published: February 2017

Objectives: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) involves dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint and associated muscles of mastication causing pain with chewing, limitation of jaw movement, and pain. While the exact pathophysiology of TMD is not completely understood, it is thought that hyperfunction of the muscles of mastication places stress on the temporomandibular joint, leading to degeneration of the joint and associated symptoms. We hypothesize that chemodenervation of the muscles of mastication with IncobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin) will decrease the stress on the temporomandibular joint and improve pain associated with temporomandibular joint and muscle disorder (TMJD). Methods: Twenty patients were randomized to IncobotulinumtoxinA (170 units) or saline injection of the masticatory muscles. Patient-reported pain scale (0-10) was recorded at 4-week intervals following injection for 16 weeks. Patients who received saline injection initially were assessed for reduction in pain at the first 4-week interval and if still had significant pain were rolled over into the IncobotulinumtoxinA arm. Results: Preinjection pain scores were similar between patients. While there was a statistically significant reduction in pain score in the placebo group one month, there was an overall larger drop in average pain scores in those patients injected with IncobotulinumtoxinA initially. All patients initially injected with placebo crossed over into the IncobotulinumtoxinA group. Similar results were seen when examining the composite masticatory muscle tenderness scores. There was no significant change in usage of pain medication. Conclusions: We demonstrate utility of IncobotulinumtoxinA in treating patients with TMD with pain despite pain medication usage and other conventional treatments.
Syncope in a patient with minimal change disease without nephrotic-range proteinuria
Authors: Chiang Wen-Fang , Chan Jenq-Shyong , Chu Pauling , Wu Chia-Chao 
Published: February 2017

Introduction Pulmonary embolism is a potentially life-threatening complication of nephrotic syndrome. Syncope is rarely reported as an initial presentation of pulmonary embolism in nephrotic patients. Case presentation We describe a 35-year-old man who was taking steroids and diuretics for relapse of minimal change disease who presented after a syncopal event. The patient was hypotensive and had distended neck veins. The major laboratory findings were hypoalbuminemia with mild proteinuria. The findings on electrocardiography, chest radiography, and echocardiography and the elevated plasma D-dimer level raised suspicion of pulmonary embolism. Thrombi in the bilateral main pulmonary arteries on chest computed tomography together with compromised hemodynamics were consistent with the diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism. He received anticoagulant treatment and the disease resolved. Conclusion Pulmonary embolism should be considered as a cause of syncope in patients with nephrotic syndrome, despite the absence of severe hypoalbuminemia and proteinuria, especially in patients taking concurrent steroid and diuretic therapy.
Dynamic long leg casting fixation for treating 12- to 18-month-old infants with developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Cai Zhencun , Li Lianyong , Zhang Lijun , Ji Shijun , Zhao Qun 
Published: February 2017

Objective To evaluate the effect of dynamic long leg casting in paediatric patients with developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) diagnosed at 12–18 months. Methods The adductor tenotomy, closed reduction, and dynamic long leg casting method was adopted to treat paediatric patients with DDH. The hips were divided into four groups according to the Tonnis radiographic dislocation classification. Groups were also classified according to the baseline acetabular index (AI): 30°–35°, 36°–40°, and > 40°. The outcomes of the reductions were evaluated according to McKay’s hip function criteria and Severin’s radiological criteria. Results A total of 246 patients (339 hips) had complete follow-up data. After 3 months of orthosis fixation, the results were satisfactory in 264 hips (77.88%). Hip function was rated as ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ in 43 of 51 (84.31%) Tonnis type 1 hips, 125 of 155 (80.65%) type 2 hips, 70 of 90 (77.78%) type 3 hips, and 34 of 43 (79.07%) type 4 hips. The higher the baseline AI, the lower the rates of ‘excellent’ and ‘good’ hip function. Favourable radiological results (Severin types I and II) were found in 266 of 339 (78.47) hips. Conclusions Dynamic long leg casting is an effective method for treating patients with DDH aged 12–18 months at diagnosis.
Cilostazol induces C-fos expression in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and behavioural changes suggestive of headache with the migraine-like feature photophobia in female rats
Authors: Christensen SL , Petersen Steffen , Sørensen Dorte B , Olesen Jes , Jansen-Olesen Inger 
Published: February 2017

Introduction Research in development of new migraine therapeutics is hindered by the lack of suitable, predictive animal models. Cilostazol provokes headache in healthy humans and migraineurs by increasing intracellular cAMP levels. We aimed to investigate whether cilostazol could provoke headache-like behaviours and c-fos expression in rats. In order to evaluate the predictive validity of the model, we examined the response to the migraine specific drug sumatriptan. Methods The effect of cilostazol (125 mg/kg p.o.) in female Sprague Dawley rats was evaluated on a range of spontaneous behavioural parameters, light sensitivity and mechanical sensitivity thresholds. We also measured c-fos expression in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Results Cilostazol increased light sensitivity and grooming behaviour. These manifestations were not inhibited by sumatriptan. Cilostazol also induced c-fos expression in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Furthermore, trigeminal – but not hind paw hyperalgesia was observed. Conclusion The altered behaviours are suggestive of cilostazol induced headache with migraine-like features, but not specific. The presence of head specific hyperalgesia and the c-fos response in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis imply that the model involves trigeminal nociception. The model will be useful for studying mechanisms related to the cAMP pathway in headache, but its predictive properties appear to be more limited due to the lack of response to sumatriptan.
Long-term Effects of Adolescent Sport Concussion Across the Age Spectrum
Authors: Martini Douglas N. , Eckner James T. , Meehan Sean K. , Broglio Steven P. 
Published: February 2017

Background: Research in sport concussion has increased greatly over the previous decade due to increased scientific interest as well as the media and political spotlight that has been cast on this injury. However, a dearth of literature is available regarding the long-term (>1 year after concussion) effects of adolescent concussion on cognitive and motor performance of high school athletes. Purpose: To evaluate the potential for long-term effects of concussion sustained during high school on cognitive and motor performance across the lifespan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Adults with (n = 30) and without (n = 53) a concussion history were recruited in 3 age groups: younger (18-30 years; n = 43), middle-aged (40-50 years; n = 18), and older (≥60 years; n = 22). Each participant completed a computerized neurocognitive assessment and continuous tracking and discrete temporal auditory tasks with the hand and foot. Root mean squared error and timing variability were derived from the tracking and temporal auditory tasks, respectively. Data were analyzed by regression analyses for each recorded variable. Results: The analysis revealed significant age effects on neurocognitive task, continuous tracking task, and discrete auditory timing task performance ( P values < .05). No concussion history or interaction (concussion history by age) effects were found for performance on any task ( P values > .05). Conclusion: While longitudinal investigations are still needed, this cross-sectional study failed to identify any observable effect of adolescent concussion history on cognition or motor performance with age.
Molecular hepatoprotective effects of lipoic acid against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats
Authors: Sadek KM , Saleh EA , Nasr SM 
Published: February 2017

Background: Liver fibrosis is a noteworthy well-being issue that can prompt the progression of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Prominently, many antioxidants have been shown to have defensive impacts against liver fibrosis. Aim: Subsequently, in the present study, the viability of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) in ensuring against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-actuated liver fibrosis and the mechanism(s) involved in this defensive impact were considered in rats. Results: The present results uncovered that in the CCl4-treated group, the expression of antioxidant enzymes and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) messenger RNA (mRNA) was downregulated ( p < 0.05), and the levels of lipid peroxide and nitric oxide were increased ( p < 0.05) in the treated rat livers along with increased collagen deposition compared to that of the control group. Also, the gene expression levels of the proinflammatory factors interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, transforming growth factor-alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were upregulated significantly ( p < 0.05) in the CCl4 group. These negative impacts were all restrained by α-LA. Conclusions: These outcomes show that α-LA might be compelling at forestalling collagen deposition and hepatic oxidative stress as well as downregulating the expression of hepatic proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and NF-κB and upregulating MMP-13 expression.
Are older fallers different? Comparing older fallers and non-fallers in a developing country
Authors: Yogi Rachna Rebeka , Sammy Ian , Paul Joanne F , Nunes Paula , Robertson Paula , Ramcharitar Maharaj Vidya 
Published: February 2017

Objectives Falls are common in older people, causing significant mortality and morbidity, but little is known about this phenomenon in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate falls in older people in the developing world, comparing fallers with other trauma patients. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of older trauma patients in Trinidad over a four-month period, comparing falls victims with other trauma patients, in relation to their demographic, pre-morbid and injury characteristics. Results A total of 439 older trauma patients (aged ≥65 years) were included. Fallers were older (median age 75 years (interquartile range 65–89 years) vs. 70 years (interquartile range 65–79 years) in non-fallers). Overall, 65.2% of fallers were female, compared to 43.7% of non-fallers. Fallers were more likely to suffer from multiple pre-existing diseases, with 29.8% having ≥3 comordibities, compared to 9.7% of non-fallers. Fallers were also more likely to be on multiple medications: 7.1% were on five medications, compared to no non-fallers. Fallers also sustained more severe injuries and presented with higher acuity than non-fallers. Admission and referral rates were higher among fallers compared to other trauma patients (59.9% vs. 30.4%). Conclusions Older patients who fall are a distinct group from other older trauma patients, with unique demographic, clinical and injury-related characteristics. This information is useful in planning preventive and management strategies for these patients.
Long-Term Outcomes of Fistula First Initiative in an Urban University Hospital—Is It Still Relevant?
Authors: Greenberg Jacques , Jayarajan Senthil , Reddy Sridhar , Schmieder Frank A. , Roberts Andrew B. , van Bemmelen Paul S. , Lee Jean , Choi Eric T. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose: Dialysis access failure is a major cause of morbidity in patients with end-stage renal disease. The Fistula First Breakthrough Initiative (FFBI) dictates arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) should be preferred over arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) as first line for surgically placed accesses. The purpose of this study was to compare patency rates of surgical dialysis accesses in our mature, urban population after the FFBI. Methods: Current dialysis patients with accesses placed between 2006 and 2011 were included. Patient characteristics, access outcomes, interventions, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Results: We report outcomes of 220 patients undergoing dialysis access. Of those 220, 75 received numerous accesses. All outcomes are evaluated as per access itself, that is, a patient may have numerous access types, each individually analyzed. Of the accesses, 138 were AVF and 190 were AVG. The average age of patients was 59.8 years. The groups were evenly matched in distribution of race and prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD). Average number of complications requiring intervention per access were fewer with AVF than AVG (1.21 vs 1.72, P = .02). The AVF had greater rates of stenosis (51.4% vs 40.6%, P = .0182), whereas AVG had greater thrombosis rates (14.6% vs 31.9%, P < .001). Both AVF and AVG had similar primary patency (median: 186 vs 142 days, P = .1774) and 3-year secondary patency (59.2% vs 49.2%, P = .0945). Arteriovenous fistula in patients aged <60 years was found to have the greatest primary ( P = .0078) and secondary patency ( P = .0400). Outcomes did not differ between AVF and AVG in those aged >60 years. Conclusions: Although complications requiring intervention are greater with AVG, primary and secondary patency rates are similar between AVF and AVG, except when considering AVF in patients aged <60 years.
To change or not to change – That is the question: A qualitative study of lifestyle changes following acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Nicolai Jennifer , Müller Nicole , Noest Stefan , Wilke Stefanie , Schultz Jobst-Hendrik , Gleißner Christian A , Eich Wolfgang , Bieber Christiane 
Published: February 2017

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate key factors related to lifestyle changes following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by eliciting survivors’ subjective needs for, attitudes towards and experiences with behaviour changes in their everyday life to improve future interventions promoting lifestyle changes. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 individuals who had recently experienced an AMI. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results The data analysis revealed that lifestyle changes following AMI are influenced by a combination of individual (physical and psychological) and social factors that can be grouped into facilitators and barriers. The interviews indicated the need for more personalised information regarding the causes and risk factors of illness, the benefits of lifestyle changes and the importance of including significant others in lifestyle advice and education and of individualising support. Discussion Lifestyle change is a continuous process that is not completed within a few months after a cardiac event. Considering the identified themes when developing interventions to promote lifestyle changes following AMI may enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of such interventions.
Endothelial CD99 supports arrest of mouse neutrophils in venules and binds to neutrophil PILRs
Authors: Goswami Debashree , März Sigrid , Li Yu-Tung , Artz Annette , Schäfer Kerstin , Seelige Ruth , Pacheco-Blanco Mariana , Jing Ding , Bixel Maria Gabriele , Araki Masatake , Araki Kimi , Yamamura Ken-Ichi , Vestweber Dietmar 
Published: February 2017

Key PointsOnly CD99 on endothelial cells, not on neutrophils, participates in neutrophil extravasation in vivo. A new function was found for CD99: support of chemokine-induced β2-integrin activation and neutrophil arrest by binding to PILR.
Genetic abnormalities in myelodysplasia and secondary acute myeloid leukemia: impact on outcome of stem cell transplantation
Authors: Yoshizato Tetsuichi , Nannya Yasuhito , Atsuta Yoshiko , Shiozawa Yusuke , Iijima-Yamashita Yuka , Yoshida Kenichi , Shiraishi Yuichi , Suzuki Hiromichi , Nagata Yasunobu , Sato Yusuke , Kakiuchi Nobuyuki , Matsuo Keitaro , Onizuka Makoto , Kataoka Keisuke , Chiba Kenichi , Tanaka Hiroko , Ueno Hiroo , Nakagawa Masahiro M. , Przychodzen Bartlomiej , Haferlach Claudia , Kern Wolfgang , Aoki Kosuke , Itonaga Hidehiro , Kanda Yoshinobu , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Haferlach Torsten , Miyazaki Yasushi , Horibe Keizo , Sanada Masashi , Miyano Satoru , Makishima Hideki , Ogawa Seishi 
Published: February 2017

Key Points
TP53 and RAS-pathway mutations predict very poor survival, when seen with CK and MDS/MPNs, respectively. For patients with mutated TP53 or CK alone, long-term survival could be obtained with stem cell transplantation.
Exertional dyspnoea in interstitial lung diseases: the clinical utility of cardiopulmonary exercise testing
Authors: Bonini Matteo , Fiorenzano Giuseppe 
Published: February 2017

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) represent a heterogeneous group of pathologies characterised by alveolar and interstitial damage, pulmonary inflammation (usually associated with fibrosis), decreased lung function and impaired gas exchange, which can be attributed to either a known or an unknown aetiology. Dyspnoea is one of the most common and disabling symptoms in patients with ILD, significantly impacting quality of life. The mechanisms causing dyspnoea are complex and not yet fully understood. However, it is recognised that dyspnoea occurs when there is an imbalance between the central respiratory efferent drive and the response of the respiratory musculature. The respiratory derangement observed in ILD patients at rest is even more evident during exercise. Pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for exertional dyspnoea and reduced exercise tolerance include altered respiratory mechanics, impaired gas exchange, cardiovascular abnormalities and peripheral muscle dysfunction.This review describes the respiratory physiology of ILD, both at rest and during exercise, and aims to provide comprehensive and updated evidence on the clinical utility of the cardiopulmonary exercise test in the assessment and management of these pathological entities. In addition, the role of exercise training and pulmonary rehabilitation programmes in the ILD population is addressed.
The Hippo component YAP localizes in the nucleus of human papilloma virus positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Alzahrani Faisal , Clattenburg Leanne , Muruganandan Shanmugam , Bullock Martin , MacIsaac Kaitlyn , Wigerius Michael , Williams Blair A. , Graham M. Elise R. , Rigby Matthew H. , Trites Jonathan R. B. , Taylor S. Mark , Sinal Christopher J. , Fawcett James P. , Hart Robert D. 
Published: February 2017

Background HPV infection causes cervical cancer, mediated in part by the degradation of Scribble via the HPV E6 oncoprotein. Recently, Scribble has been shown to be an important regulator of the Hippo signaling cascade. Deregulation of the Hippo pathway induces an abnormal cellular transformation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, which promotes oncogenic progression. Given the recent rise in oropharyngeal HPV squamous cell carcinoma we sought to determine if Hippo signaling components are implicated in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Molecular and cellular techniques including immunoprecipiations, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry were used to identify the key Hippo pathway effector Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) 1. Oropharyngeal tissue was collected from CO2 laser resections, and probed with YAP1 antibody in tumor and pre-malignant regions of HPV positive OPSCC tissue. Results This study reveals that the Scribble binding protein Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 Adaptor Protein (NOS1AP) forms a complex with YAP. Further, the NOS1APa and NOS1APc isoforms show differential association with activated and non-activated YAP, and impact cellular proliferation. Consistent with deregulated Hippo signaling in OPSCC HPV tumors, we see a delocalization of Scribble and increased nuclear accumulation of YAP1 in an HPV-positive OPSCC. Conclusion Our preliminary data indicates that NOS1AP isoforms differentially associate with YAP1, which, together with our previous findings, predicts that loss of YAP1 enhances cellular transformation. Moreover, YAP1 is highly accumulated in the nucleus of HPV-positive OPSCC, implying that Hippo signaling and possibly NOS1AP expression are de-regulated in OPSCC. Further studies will help determine if NOS1AP isoforms, Scribble and Hippo components will be useful biomarkers in OPSCC tumor biology.