bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of Elemental Composition of Leaves in Nitraria schoberi L. and N. sibirica Pall. Depending on Edaphic Growth Conditions
Authors: Boyarskikh I. G. , Khudyaev S. A. , Tomoshevich M. A. , Erst A. A. , Wu S. D. , Banaev E. V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A study was conducted about the variation of levels of macro- and microelements in the soil and leaves of two species of the genus Nitraria L. in various habitats in Siberia. New data were obtained on the concentration variations of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Li, Sr, and Cd in leaves of N. schoberi L. and N. sibirica Pall. It was found that the salinity of habitats of N. sibirica (up to 3.23%) can exceed salinity of soils under N. schoberi (up to 0.5%) by more than sixfold. Soils of N. schoberi habitats are characterized by lower contents of carbonates (1.0–3.8%) and of physical clay (2–19%) as compared to soils of N. sibirica habitats: 1.2–18.2 and 9–40%, respectively. An increase in the physical-clay content of soil positively correlated with the accumulation of Mg, Cu (p ≤ 0.01), and Mn (p ≤ 0.001) in the plant leaves. The degree of soil salinity was positively associated with the accumulation of Ca, Zn, Sr (p ≤ 0.01), Mg (p ≤ 0.05), and Cd (p ≤ 0.001) in the leaves. An increase in concentration of mobile Na in soil positively correlated with concentrations of Ca, Cu (p ≤ 0.01), and Zn (p ≤ 0.001) in the leaves. In N. sibirica leaves, the concentration of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Sr, Mn, Zn, and Cu was 1.5–3 times higher than that in N. schoberi leaves. Both species are capable of accumulating very high concentrations of Na (N. schoberi: up to 83.8 g/kg and N. sibirica: up to 77.2 g/kg). In the leaves of N. schoberi plants of immature age, K and Na levels were seven times higher than those in leaves of adult generative plants, whereas Mg and Ca levels were 3–5 times higher. This study should expand the understanding of mechanisms of Nitraria species’ adaptation to high-salinity conditions.
Differences by ethnicity in the association between unpaid caring and health trajectories over 10 years in the UK Household Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wells Whitney , Xue Baowen , Lacey Rebecca , McMunn Anne 
Published: September 2024

Background
Unpaid carers deliver critical social care. We aimed to examine differences by ethnicity in (1) profiles of unpaid caring and (2) associations between caring and physical and mental health trajectories.

Methods
We used 10 waves of data from 47 015 participants from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009–2020). Our outcomes were 12-item Short Form Health Survey physical and mental component scores. We performed bivariate comparison of profiles of caring by ethnicity. We used multilevel linear mixed effects models to estimate associations between caring and health trajectories and assess for heterogeneity by ethnicity.

Results
We found that caring profiles differed by ethnicity. The proportion caring for someone within their household ranged from 39.7% of White carers to 70.1% of Pakistani and 74.8% of Bangladeshi carers. The proportion providing 20+ hours/week of care ranged from 26.9% of White carers to 40.6% of Pakistani and 43.3% of Black African carers. Ethnicity moderated associations between caring and physical but not mental health trajectories (test for interaction: p=0.038, p=0.75). Carers showed worse physical health compared with non-carers among Black African (−1.93; −3.52, –0.34), Bangladeshi (−2.01; −3.25, –0.78), Indian (−1.30; −2.33, –0.27) and Pakistani carers (−1.16; −2.25, –0.08); Bangladeshi carers’ trajectories converged with non-carers over time (0.24; −0.02, 0.51). White carers showed better baseline physical health than non-carers (0.35; 0.10, 0.60), followed by worsening trajectories versus non-carers (−0.14; −0.18, –0.10).

Conclusions
There are differences by ethnicity in profiles of caring and associations between caring and physical health trajectories. Future research should account for ethnicity to ensure applicability across groups.
Prehospital factors predicting mortality in patients with shock: state-wide linkage study
Authors: Eliakundu Amminadab L , Bloom Jason E , Ball Jocasta , Nehme Emily , Okyere Daniel , Heritier Stephane , Voskoboinik Aleksandr , Dawson Luke , Cox Shelley , Anderson David , Burrell Aidan , Pilcher David , Chew Derek P , Kaye David , Nehme Ziad , Stub Dion 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundPatients with shock treated by emergency medical services (EMS) have high morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of prehospital factors predicting outcomes in patients with shock remains limited. We aimed to describe the prehospital predictors of mortality in patients with non-traumatic shock transported to hospital by EMS.MethodThis is a retrospective cohort study of consecutive ambulance attendances for non-traumatic shock in Victoria, Australia (January 2015–June 2019) linked with government-held administrative data (emergency, admissions and mortality records). Predictors of 30-day mortality were assessed using Cox proportional regressions. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality.ResultsOverall, 21 334 patients with non-traumatic shock (median age 69 years, 54.8% female) were successfully linked with state administrative records. Among this cohort, 9 149 (43%) patients died within 30-days. Compared with survivors, non-survivors had a longer median on-scene time: 60 (35–98) versus 30 (19–50), p <0.001. Non-survivors were more likely to be older (median age in years: 74 (61–84) vs 65 (47–78), p<0.001), had prehospital cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (adjusted HR (aHR)=6.26, 95% CI 5.87, 6.69) and had prehospital intubation (aHR=1.07, CI 1.00, 1.14). Reduced 30-day mortality was associated with administration of epinephrine (aHR=0.66, CI 0.62, 0.71) and systolic blood pressures above 80 mm Hg in the prehospital setting.ConclusionThe 30-day mortality from non-traumatic shock is high at 43%. Independent predictors of mortality included age, prehospital cardiac arrest and endotracheal intubation. Interventions that target reversible causes of short-term mortality in patients with non-traumatic shock are a high priority.
Dobutamine stress echocardiography after positive CCTA: diagnostic performance using fractional flow reserve and instantaneous wave-free ratio as reference standards
Authors: Tjellaug Bråten Anders , Holte Espen , Wiseth Rune , Aakhus Svend 
Published: September 2024

AimsTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in symptomatic patients with a low to intermediate pretest probability of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and a positive coronary CT angiography (CCTA).MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 104 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography for symptoms of stable CAD and a CCTA indicative of obstructive CAD. The diagnostic performance of DSE was evaluated against two intracoronary pressure indices: (a) fractional flow reserve (FFR) with a cut-off of ≤0.80 and (b) instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) with a cut-off of ≤0.89, indicating haemodynamically significant stenoses.ResultsOf 102 patients, 46 (45%) had at least one significant lesion as defined by FFR, as did 37 (36%) as defined by iFR. DSE showed positive results in 33% (34/102) of cases. The discriminative power of DSE for detecting significant CAD was moderate, with areas under the curve of 0.63 (p=0.024) compared with FFR and 0.64 (p=0.025) compared with iFR. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of DSE were, respectively, 61%, 43%, and 75% against FFR, and 64%, 46% and 74% against iFR. The diagnostic accuracy of DSE did not differ significantly between FFR and iFR as a reference (p=0.549).ConclusionIn patients with positive CCTA, DSE has a moderate ability to identify haemodynamically significant CAD, with low sensitivity and moderate specificity. When assessed against FFR and iFR criteria, its additive diagnostic value is limited in patients with low to intermediate pretest probability of obstructive CAD.Trial registration numberNCT03045601.
Change in different classes of chronic back pain suspicious of axial spondyloarthritis: a latent transition analysis of the SPACE cohort
Authors: Bosch Philipp , Sepriano Alexandre , Marques Mary-Lucy , van der Heijde Désirée , Landewé Robert , van Lunteren Miranda , de Bruin Liese , de Hooge Manouk , Bastiaenen Caroline , Exarchou Sofia , Ramonda Roberta , Fagerli Karen Minde , van Gaalen Floris A , Ramiro Sofia 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo follow up four previously identified classes ‘pure axial spondyloarthritis’ (axSpA) (‘axial’), ‘axSpA with peripheral signs’ (‘inflammatory back pain+peripheral’), ‘axSpA at risk’ and ‘no spondyloarthritis’ (‘no SpA’). They reflect the expert-opinion-free construct or ‘Gestalt’ of chronic back pain suspicious of axSpA. The aim was to assess participants’ transitions between these classes over time.MethodsParticipants with chronic back pain of ≤2 years duration, suspicious of axSpA from the SPondyloArthritis Caught Early cohort were analysed. Latent class (LCA) and latent transition analysis (LTA) using clinical, laboratory and imaging data at baseline and 2 years were calculated. Conditional and marginal probabilities were obtained, reflecting the probability of a spondyloarthritis feature in a class and the probability of the participant’s class membership, respectively. Transitional probabilities were extracted revealing potential switches across classes. The analyses were performed in all participants using imputations for missing data and in participants with full data at baseline and 2 years.ResultsBaseline and 2 years LCA models were constructed for 702 participants, resulting in the same four-class model as previously described. LTA revealed only a 3% transition from the ‘no SpA’ to the ‘at-risk’ class from baseline to 2 years with all other participants remaining in their initially assigned class. Sensitivity analysis on 384 participants with complete data at both baseline and 2 years showed similar results, underlining the model’s robustness.ConclusionsTransitions between the four classes over 2 years were basically inexistent, highlighting the unlikelihood of developing new class-defining features of axSpA after an initial clinical workup.
Tunnelling amplitudes through localised external potentials from Feynman diagram summation
Authors: Zielinski Rosemary , Simenel Cédric , McGlynn Patrick 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrently there is no general theory of quantum tunnelling of a particle through a potential barrier which is compatible with QFT. We present a complete calculation of tunnelling amplitudes for a scalar field for some simple potentials using quantum field-theoretic methods. Using the perturbative S-matrix formalism, starting with the Klein–Gordon Lagrangian, we show that an infinite summation of Feynman diagrams can recover tunnelling amplitudes consistent with relativistic quantum mechanics. While this work does not include many-particle effects arising from a fully quantised QFT, it is necessary to investigate QFT corrections to tunnelling amplitudes.
High Blood Pressure and Depression Among the Working Population of Ghana: A Generalized Linear Model of the Risk Factors
Authors: Ofori Michael Arthur , Mensah David Kwamena , Nizeyimana Ildephonse , Jha Niharika , Zeba Zebunnesa , Roy Shongkour 
Published: September 2024

Background. The global presence of high blood pressure and depression poses a significant public health threat, particularly in emerging nations. High blood pressure and depression are inevitable among the working population of Ghana, and it is crucial to recognize the potential influence of these conditions on the working‐age population.Materials and Methods. The study analyzed the risk factors associated with high blood pressure and depression among the working population of Ghana. The data in this study were drawn from Wave 1 data of the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) survey, which was conducted by World Health Organization (WHO) in Ghana from January 2007 to December 2008. A longitudinal survey under the banner of SAGE was conducted. The study used 2681 participants aged 18–60 years. We modeled high blood pressure using logistic regression and depression with the proportional odds model of ordinal logistic regression.Results. The study revealed that the prevalence of depression among the working‐age population was 42.5%, whereas that of high blood pressure was 48.7%. The result also showed that males have a lower risk of developing high blood pressure and depression (OR = 0.851 and OR = 0.658, respectively) compared with females. Also, older adults (40–60 years) have a higher risk of developing high blood pressure and depression (OR = 1.992 and OR = 2.334, respectively) compared with younger adults. Other risk factors associated with high blood pressure include diabetes (2.107), depression, and weight. Last, alcohol intake (1.502), tobacco intake (1.279), and high blood pressure were found to be other risk factors associated with depression.Conclusion. The prevalence of depression and high blood pressure is high among the working population of Ghana. There is therefore the need to incorporate health awareness programs on these topics.
Evaluation of garlic extracts antifungal potential against causative fungi of dermatomycosis in Chile
Authors: Vieille Oyarzo Peggy , Noguera Gahona Melissa , Cruz Choappa Rodrigo , Cogliati Massimo 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Several studies on garlic have shown that due to its bioactive components it exhibits antimicrobial properties. The most prevalent dermatomycoses are those caused by dermatophytes and yeasts of the genus Candida. In recent years, an increase in recurrent and recalcitrant cases has been reported due to strains of dermatophytes resistant to terbinafine, a considered first-line antifungal. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to determine the in-vitro antifungal effect of extracts from Chinese garlic (fresh variety) and Chilote garlic (fresh and black varieties), against the two main fungi that cause superficial mycoses: Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans. METHODS: Fresh garlic extracts were prepared with a hydroalcoholic method with subsequent freeze-drying. Decreasing concentrations of each extract were tested. RESULTS: Both fresh Chilote garlic and its black variety showed an antifungal effectiveness at different concentrations on both analyzed fungal agents, while white garlic of Chinese origin did not show effectiveness against C. albicans at any concentration tested. CONCLUSIONS: Black garlic, compared to fresh garlic, does not release a strong characteristic odor or flavor, which would open a point of interest as a natural alternative to the antifungals currently used.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: Numerosos estudios sobre el ajo han demostrado que, debido a sus componentes bioactivos exhibe propiedades antimicrobianas. Las dermatomicosis de mayor prevalencia son las producidas por dermatofitos y por levaduras del género Candida. En los últimos años, se ha reportado un aumento en casos recurrentes y recalcitrantes dado por cepas de dermatofitos resistentes a terbinafina, antifúngico considerado de primera línea. OBJETIVO: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto antifúngico in-vitro de extractos provenientes de ajo chino (variedad fresca) y ajo chilote (variedades fresca y negra), frente a los dos principales hongos causantes de micosis superficiales: Trichophyton rubrum y Candida albicans. MÉTODOS: Los extractos de ajo fresco se realizaron con un método hidroalcohólico con posterior liofilización. Se testearon concentraciones decrecientes de cada extracto. RESULTADOS: Se observó que tanto el ajo chilote fresco como su variedad negra, poseen efectividad antifúngica para ambos agentes analizados, pero en diferentes concentraciones, mientras que el ajo blanco de origen chino no mostró efectividad frente a C. albicans en ninguna concentración testeada. CONCLUSIÓN: El ajo negro en comparación al ajo fresco, no libera un fuerte olor ni sabor característicos, lo que abriría un punto de interés como alternativa natural a los antifúngicos actualmente empleados.
Acquiescence and the Immunity of UN Peacekeepers; Implicit Acceptance?
Authors: van de Put Steven 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In general States have not responded when faced with violations of international law committed by United Nations (UN) peacekeepers. This article aims to explore if such inaction, or silence, by States can be construed as legally significant. Relying upon the concept of acquiescence within international law, this article analyses if this specific situation can be seen as States implicitly agreeing to the UN not being bound to provide means of redress.
This article argues that it would be difficult to consider the practice of States to amount to acquiescence. In international legal terms, it cannot be established that this inaction satisfies all the conditions for acquiescence for either interpretation purposes or consent. Likewise, the host State might also not always be the relevant actor when considering redress. These arguments ultimately make it challenging to consider the current non-responsiveness of States to signify a form of acquiescence.
Frontoparietal intraparenchymal hemorrhage secondary to anticoagulation
Authors: Ward Savitra , Jamal Benjamin Colaco , Ganti Latha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe authors present the case of a patient experiencing frontoparietal intraparenchymal hemorrhage. With a history of a mechanical heart valve due to rheumatic disease, the patient was on warfarin and experienced a warfarin-associated bleed. The new 2002 guidelines for the management of intracerebral hemorrhage are discussed in the context of this case.
Quantitative analysis of microplastics in Nile tilapia from a recirculating aquaculture system using pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Sefiloglu Feride Öykü , Brits Marthinus , König Kardgar Azora , van Velzen Martin J. M. , Kaldenbach Emily , Vethaak A. Dick , Doyle Darragh , Carney Almroth Bethanie , Lamoree Marja H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicroplastic (MP) ingestion through fish consumption is a concern for human exposure. While the presence of plastic particles in fish tissues has been documented worldwide, information on microplastic concentrations in edible tissues, especially those smaller than 10 µm, remains scarce. Spectrometric techniques provide a complementary analytical tool to measure MP mass for human exposure studies without intrinsic size limitations; however, their application to fish analysis is limited. In this study, we utilized pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS) for the identification and quantification of MPs in fish muscle tissues. Two sample preparation methods, pressurized liquid extraction, and chemical digestion, were tested for compatibility with Py-GC–MS analysis. An analytical method using chemical digestion was validated for analyzing particles ≥ 0.7 µm for 4 polymer types: polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, and polymethyl methacrylate. The developed method was applied to 24 adult Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) samples from a recirculating aquaculture system. MPs were detected in 42% of the samples, with an average concentration of 0.14 ± 0.32 µg/g, while high variations within subsamples were observed. Our findings reveal trace amounts of MPs in edible fish tissues from aquaculture, highlighting the potential risk of microplastic ingestion through fish consumption. This underscores the need for further risk assessments to evaluate the impact on human health and to develop appropriate mitigation measures.
Graphical Abstract
A large structural variant collection in Holstein cattle and associated database for variant discovery, characterization, and application
Authors: Grant Jason R. , Herman Emily K. , Barlow Lael D. , Miglior Filippo , Schenkel Flavio S. , Baes Christine F. , Stothard Paul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Structural variants (SVs) such as deletions, duplications, and insertions are known to contribute to phenotypic variation but remain challenging to identify and genotype. A more complete, accessible, and assessable collection of SVs will assist efforts to study SV function in cattle and to incorporate SV genotyping into animal evaluation.

Results
In this work we produced a large and deeply characterized collection of SVs in Holstein cattle using two popular SV callers (Manta and Smoove) and publicly available Illumina whole-genome sequence (WGS) read sets from 310 samples (290 male, 20 female, mean 20X coverage). Manta and Smoove identified 31 K and 68 K SVs, respectively. In total the SVs cover 5% (Manta) and 6% (Smoove) of the reference genome, in contrast to the 1% impacted by SNPs and indels. SV genotypes from each caller were confirmed to accurately recapitulate animal relationships estimated using WGS SNP genotypes from the same dataset, with Manta genotypes outperforming Smoove, and deletions outperforming duplications. To support efforts to link the SVs to phenotypic variation, overlapping and tag SNPs were identified for each SV, using genotype sets extracted from the WGS results corresponding to two bovine SNP chips (BovineSNP50 and BovineHD). 9% (Manta) and 11% (Smoove) of the SVs were found to have overlapping BovineHD panel SNPs, while 21% (Manta) and 9% (Smoove) have BovineHD panel tag SNPs. A custom interactive database (https://svdb-dc.pslab.ca) containing the identified sequence variants with extensive annotations, gene feature information, and BAM file content for all SVs was created to enable the evaluation and prioritization of SVs for further study. Illustrative examples involving the genes POPDC3, ORM1, G2E3, FANCI, TFB1M, FOXC2, N4BP2, GSTA3, and COPA show how this resource can be used to find well-supported genic SVs, determine SV breakpoints, design genotyping approaches, and identify processed pseudogenes masquerading as deletions.

Conclusions
The resources developed through this study can be used to explore sequence variation in Holstein cattle and to develop strategies for studying SVs of interest. The lack of overlapping and tag SNPs from commonly used SNP chips for most of the SVs suggests that other genotyping approaches will be needed (for example direct genotyping) to understand their potential contributions to phenotype. The included SV genotype assessments point to challenges in characterizing SVs, especially duplications, using short-read data and support ongoing efforts to better characterize cattle genomes through long-read sequencing. Lastly, the identification of previously known functional SVs and additional CDS-overlapping SVs supports the phenotypic relevance of this dataset.