bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communication Privacy Management Theory
Authors: Petronio Sandra 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Worldwide, concern about privacy management has grown exponentially. New technologies affording easy access to communicate with others, their ubiquitous nature, and level of use, have resulted in growing concern about whether individuals have privacy at all. Yet, the very concern signals privacy as a value, and research shows it is not dead. However, understanding how people manage privacy, in general and in interpersonal relationships, is complex. Grasping navigation between wanting to use these technologies and wanting privacy requires a shift in how these issues are defined. Matters related to protecting private lives have been valued for centuries, across cultures, and contexts. Nevertheless, understanding how people manage private information is a relatively new area of inquiry. While some models and methods have been developed, Petronio's Communication Privacy Management Theory has provided a full complement of principles and processes that explain the communicative system of decisions people make in considering revealing and concealing private information.
Interaction Adaptation Theory
Authors: Ebesu Hubbard Amy S. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Interaction adaptation theory explains the behavioral adjustments that occur between people. The theory predicts that the predominant pattern of interaction will be matching, reciprocity, and convergence and identifies the situations in which maintenance, compensation, and divergence may occur. Central to this theory are biological, social, and individual influences on behavior and the evaluation of that behavior, along with comparisons to actual behavior exhibited by communicators. The theory has wide applicability for understanding behavioral changes that occur between people in a variety of relational contexts.
Relationship Initiation Goals and Plans
Authors: Henningsen Mary Lynn Miller 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this entry, relationship initiation goals and plans are defined. First‐date goals and flirting goals research is reviewed to derive a general typology of goals for initiating romantic relationships. A general typology of relationship initiation goals is offered including uncertainty reduction, impression management, and socio‐normative comparison. The entry concludes with suggested directions for future research.
Power and Dominance in Nonverbal Communication
Authors: Dunbar Norah E. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Interpersonal power and dominance are communicated in a variety of ways: (a) through the kinesic cues displayed such as facial expressions, gestures, body posture, and movement; (b) through access to greater personal space and higher status territory; (c) through the use of haptics, especially non‐reciprocal touch and touch initiation; (d) by vocalic cues like voice pitch, loudness, the use of pauses and interruptions; and (e) through contextual cues such as appearance and clothing, and cues of status and precedence. Dominance and submission messages can be communicated through a variety of nonverbal channels and often they work in tandem to create messages of dominance and control versus submission and weakness.
Power Strategies in Relationships
Authors: Dunbar Norah E. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Power is the ability to influence the behavior of another person, but having that ability is different from acting on that ability. Power strategies are the different ways that people use their power to effect change in others. Sometimes, power is evident in the nonverbal behavior of others and is very subtle; other times it can be overt and appear in the verbal persuasive strategies that are used. In general, a collaborative and mutually beneficial strategy is one that minimizes power but is also the least destructive for relationships.
Eye Behavior
Authors: Andersen Peter A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Eye behavior is a crucial part of nonverbal communication and an essential requirement of face‐to‐face interaction. The study of eye behavior is called oculesics, and sometimes it is considered a subset of kinesic communication. The most important aspect of oculesics is eye contact that opens communication channels, signals availability for interaction, listening, immediacy, and intimacy. The absence of eye contact engenders negative attributions including rudeness, deceptiveness, insincerity, unfriendliness, and timidity. Eye contact increases interpersonal influence and is a powerful behavior when speaking. This entry also discusses pupil dilation, which is a sign of interest or arousal, eye movements which are associated with brain activity, and additional oculesics behaviors such as winking, blinking, and eyebrow movements.
Human–Computer Interaction
Authors: Waddell T. Franklin , Zhang Bo , Sundar S. Shyam 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe field of human–computer interaction (HCI) has grown beyond the study of the usability of technologies to examining the user experience created by various features of those technologies. The interactivity afforded by modern computer‐based technologies has served to transform human–computer interaction into human–computer communication. This has resulted in greater attribution of agency to machines and a tendency among users to treat them socially. Principles of interpersonal communication inform—and are informed by—the study of human interactions with computer‐based technologies, providing implications for theory as well as design.This entry provides an interdisciplinary overview of HCI history, followed by a discussion of the factors underlying the shift from interaction to communication, highlighting the centrality of the concept of interactivity. It then describes the “computers are social actors” paradigm and documents the increasing tendency to attribute agency to machines, with a focus on empirical contributions related to interpersonal communication.
Obstacle Hypothesis
Authors: Johnson Danette Ifert 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The obstacle hypothesis focuses on barriers preventing compliance with conversational requests. Scholarship on the obstacle hypothesis has attempted to explain why obstacles are important to address, how requesters identify obstacles and construct messages to address likely obstacles and to negotiate unexpressed obstacles that may be the primary barriers to compliance. Sequential attempts to address and overcome obstacles presented by refusal of an initial request have also been examined.
Can Strategic Capabilities Affect Performance? Application of RBV to Small Food Businesses
Authors: Carraresi Laura , Mamaqi Xhevrie , Albisu Luis Miguel , Banterle Alessandro 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe paper aims to analyze the relationships between strategic capabilities and performance among food SMEs, identifying which capabilities play a leading role in establishing competitive advantage. Four strategic capabilities were analyzed: innovation, marketing, network, and information acquisition. We ran a Structural Equation Model involving 67 food SMEs located in Italy. The results revealed that the marketing, network, and innovation capabilities directly and positively affect performance. SMEs benefit from selling their products in the national market. The network capability plays a dual role: It has a direct positive influence on performance as well as an indirect effect on the capability to acquire information about market and supply chain agents. The acquired market‐ and consumer‐related information is extremely valuable in enhancing the marketing capability and improving performance. The innovation capability is slightly less significant than the others in affecting performance.[EconLit citations: L11, L25, L66, Q13]
Assessment of skills using a spacer device for a metered‐dose inhaler and related independent predictive factors in caregivers of asthmatic preschool children
Authors: Topal Erdem , Celiksoy Mehmet Halil , Catal Ferhat , Sinanoglu Muhammed S. , Karakoc Habib Tadayyon Einaddin , Sancak Recep , Ozturk Fadıl 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThe correct use of inhalation devices is essential for successful therapy. We aimed to evaluate the skills in the use of a spacer device with an metered‐dose inhaler (MDI) and factors that influence this skill in asthmatic preschool children's caregivers.MethodsThe caregivers of 12‐month‐old to 72‐month‐old children were interviewed face‐to‐face and filled out questionnaires. To assess use of the spacer device, we asked the caregivers to verbally describe and demonstrate how they used the device.ResultsA total of 244 patients were included in the study, and 142 (58.2%) of the caregivers demonstrated every step for using the spacer device. The most frequently mistaken step was waiting for 30 seconds for the second puff after the first puff. When statistically significant and clinically important parameters were analyzed in a logistic regression model, the parameters satisfaction with the spacer device (odds ratio [OR] 29.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.64 to 117.39; p < 0.001), a university graduate (OR 13.5; 95% CI, 3.36 to 54.8; p < 0.001), family monthly income of more than US$1500 (OR 5.3; 95% CI, 2.16 to 13.39; p < 0.001), device training provided by a clinical trainer (OR 12.3; 95% CI, 4.82 to 31.73; p < 0.001), regular follow‐ups (OR 3.6; 95% CI, 1.57 to 8.47; p = 0.003), and the absence of a severe attack during the last year (OR 6.5; 95% CI, 2.64 to 16.43; p < 0.001) were found to be independent factors that affected the correct demonstration of the device.ConclusionThe factors most effective in the correct use of the MDI spacer device were satisfaction with the device, training having been given by a clinical trainer on this subject, and the caregiver being a university graduate.
Impact of medically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis on incidence of asthma
Authors: Benninger Michael S. , Sindwani Raj , Holy Chantal E. , Hopkins Claire 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThe long‐term impact of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without allergic rhinitis (AR) on asthma is poorly documented. This study analyzed potential associations of ongoing CRS and AR on asthma.MethodsUsing the MarketScan™ claims database, patients with CRS and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in 2010 were identified. The date of first sinusitis was determined for all. Patients with asthma at time of first sinusitis diagnosis were excluded. The remaining patients were grouped based on duration of sinusitis, from first diagnosis to surgery—group 1: 1 to <2 years (n = 181); group 2: 2 to <3 years (n = 195); group 3: 3 to <4 years (n = 292); and group 4: 4 to <5 years (n = 536). Yearly incidence and prevalence of newly diagnosed asthmatics was analyzed for all groups. A secondary analysis evaluated the association between AR and asthma.ResultsPreoperatively, yearly incidence of patients with new asthma diagnoses averaged 4.48% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.93% to 5.11%) and was significantly greater for patients with AR (5.93%; 95% CI, 4.56% to 7.66%) vs non‐AR (4.15%; 95% CI, 3.56% to 4.82%); p = 0.03. Postoperatively, yearly incidence of asthma was 0.42% (95% CI, 0.18% to 0.88%). No patient had asthma at time of first diagnosis; however, by time of surgery, 9.4%, 12.8%, 18.2%, and 22.40% of patients had been diagnosed with asthma, in groups 1 through 4, respectively.ConclusionAR was a significant risk factor for asthma in patients with CRS. Medically recalcitrant CRS was associated with high incidence rates of asthma, which declined post‐operatively. Patients operated earlier in the disease continuum were therefore at decreased risk of developing asthma.
Physicochemical and antibacterial properties of chitosan‐polyvinylpyrrolidone films containing self‐organized graphene oxide nanolayers
Authors: Mahmoudi Nafiseh , Ostadhossein Fatemeh , Simchi Abdolreza 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTChitosan films have a great potential to be used for wound dressing and food‐packaging applications if their physicochemical properties including water vapor permeability, optical transparency, and hydrophilicity are tailored to practical demands. To address these points, in this study, chitosan (CS) was combined with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (with a thickness of ∼1 nm and lateral dimensions of few micrometers). Flexible and transparent films with a high antibacterial capacity were prepared by solvent casting methods. By controlling the evaporation rate of the utilized solvent (1 vol % acidic acid in deionized water), self‐organization of GO in the polymer matrix was observed. The addition of PVP to the CS/GO films significantly increased their water vapor permeability and optical transmittance. A blue shift in the optical absorption edge was also noticed. Thermal analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that the superior thermal stability of the nanocomposite films was due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the functional groups of chitosan with those of the graphene oxide. An improved bactericidal capacity of the nanocomposite films against gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram‐negative Escherichia coli bacteria was also observed. Highly flexible, transparent (opacity of 6.95), and antimicrobial CS/25 vol % PVP/1 wt % GO films were prepared. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43194.
Evaluating the state of dispersion on cellulosic biopolymer by rheology
Authors: Mukherjee Tapasi , Kao Nhol , Gupta Rahul K. , Quazi Nurul , Bhattacharya Sati 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe key challenge in the development of cellulose bio‐nanocomposites lies in the spatial distribution of the cellulose fibre, as the presence of surface hydroxyl groups initiates self‐agglomeration, thereby resulting in crack or failure of the composites. In this study, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is here effectively surface acetylated to reduce agglomeration. Poly(lactic acid) PLA based cellulose bio‐ nanocomposites were then prepared by solvent casting technique. A rheological percolation threshold is calculated to quantify the level of dispersion and the optimal loading. Moreover, high frequency linear viscoelastic behavior is analyzed and the data is fitted to the Krieger‐Dougherty equation to determine the maximum packing fraction. Maximum packing fraction value is then used as a mean to rank the quality of dispersion. The value for maximum packing fraction is compared with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), to show how shape and structure affects the quality of dispersion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43200.
Evaluating the autoinduction expression system and one‐step purification for high‐level expression and purification of gallbladder‐derived rhIL‐1Ra
Authors: Bashir Hamid , Ahmed Nadeem , Khan Mohsin Ahmad , Zafar Ahmad Usman , Tahir Saad , Kanwal Hina , Khan Faidad , Rahman Zia ur , Husnain Tayyab 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRecent advancement in fermentation technologies resulted in the increased yields of recombinant proteins of biopharmaceutical and medicinal importance. Consequently, there is an important task to develop simple and easily scalable methods that can facilitate the production of high‐quality recombinant protein. Most of the recent reports described the expression of recombinant human IL‐1 receptor antagonist (rhIL‐1Ra) in Escherichia coli using isopropyl‐β‐d‐thiogalacto pyranoside (IPTG), a nonmetabolizable and expensive compound, as an expression inducer. In this study, we describe the expression and one‐step purification of gallbladder‐derived rhIL‐1Ra by autoinduction in E. coli. This method includes special media that automatically induce the target protein expression from T7 promoter and allow the production of the target protein in high yield than the conventional IPTG induction method. In addition to fermentation process improvements, one‐step purification strategy is essential to make the process economical. We developed a single‐step cation exchange chromatography and obtained 300 mg/L of rhIL‐1Ra with 98% purity. Purified protein was characterized by SDS‐PAGE and Ion exchange HPLC (IEX‐HPLC). The described method can be used to scale up the production of rhIL‐1Ra and other recombinant proteins.
Emergency general surgery in the geriatric patient
Authors: Desserud K F , Veen T , Søreide K 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Background
Emergency general surgery in the elderly is a particular challenge to the surgeon in charge of their care. The aim was to review contemporary aspects of managing elderly patients needing emergency general surgery and possible alterations to their pathways of care.

Methods
This was a narrative review based on a PubMed/MEDLINE literature search up until 15 September 2015 for publications relevant to emergency general surgery in the geriatric patient.

Results
The number of patients presenting as an emergency with a general surgical condition increases with age. Up to one-quarter of all emergency admissions to hospital may be for general surgical conditions. Elderly patients are a particular challenge owing to added co-morbidity, use of drugs and risk of poor outcome. Frailty is an important potential risk factor, but difficult to monitor or manage in the emergency setting. Risk scores are not available universally. Outcomes are usually severalfold worse than after elective surgery, in terms of both higher morbidity and increased mortality. A care bundle including early diagnosis, resuscitation and organ system monitoring may benefit the elderly in particular. Communication with the patient and relatives throughout the care pathway is essential, as indications for surgery, level of care and likely outcomes may evolve. Ethical issues should also be addressed at every step on the pathway of care.

Conclusion
Emergency general surgery in the geriatric patient needs a tailored approach to improve outcomes and avoid futile care. Although some high-quality studies exist in related fields, the overall evidence base informing perioperative acute care for the elderly remains limited.
The effect of encapsulated fennel extracts on the quality of silver carp fillets during refrigerated storage
Authors: Mazandrani Hoda Alipour , Javadian SeyedRoholla , Bahram Somayeh 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe effect of fennel extract on the quality of silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix) fillets, and the possible efficacy of liposomal encapsulation in the improvement of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity during chilled storage (4 + 1°C) of the fillets were examined over a period of 15 days. Silver carp fillets were treated with pure fennel extract (0.3% and 0.5% w/v) and liposomal encapsulated fennel extract (0.3% and 0.5% w/v), and their quality changes in terms of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), microbial counts, and sensory properties were investigated. Fennel extract could retard the deterioration of silver carp fillets, as reflected in lower TVB‐N, PV and TBA value. Moreover, the efficacy of fennel extract was improved when it was encapsulated into liposome. Silver carp fillets treated with the encapsulated fennel extract showed the lowest amount of lipid oxidation and microbial deterioration during the storage period compared with the control and pure extract treatments. Sensory evaluation revealed that shelf life of silver carp fillet was longest for samples treated with encapsulated fennel extract at 0.5% (15 days), as compared to the control (6 days) (P < 0.05).
Numerical modeling of a CMOS UV/blue photodetector based on MOSFET and lateral photosensitive diode
Authors: Tian Manfang , Jin Xiangliang , Chen Changping , Wang Han 
Published: December 2015

SummaryA complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor photodetector with ring‐shaped structure is presented in this paper, which consists of a p‐channel metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor and lateral photodiodes and can be applied for ultraviolet (UV)/blue detection. The p‐channel metal‐oxide‐semiconductor is enclosed by ring‐shaped lateral photodiodes and lateral ring‐shaped photodiodes for enlarging near‐surface depletion region of the photodetector. Photoelectric conversion process of the photodetector has been modeled, and some performance parameters of photodetector have been derived and evaluated. The simulation results show that the photodetector can exhibit a high current responsivity of 1 × 10−3 Å even for ultra‐weak light such as 0.01 μW. The composite photodetector is fabricated in a standard 0.18 µm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor technology. The test results reveal that the presented photodetector, which just like predicted by the model, is an effective way to solve the low response of silicon‐based UV detector. In a word, the presented photodetector has a big potential application value in weak light and UV/blue light detection. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoxic culture conditions induce increased metabolic rate and collagen gene expression in ACL‐derived cells
Authors: Kowalski Tomasz J. , Leong Natalie L. , Dar Ayelet , Wu Ling , Kabir Nima , Khan Adam Z. , Eliasberg Claire D. , Pedron Andrew , Karayan Ashant , Lee Siyoung , Di Pauli von Treuheim Theodor , Jiacheng Jin , Wu Ben M. , Evseenko Denis , McAllister David R. , Petrigliano Frank A. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThere has been substantial effort directed toward the application of bone marrow and adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the regeneration of musculoskeletal tissue. Recently, resident tissue‐specific stem cells have been described in a variety of mesenchymal structures including ligament, tendon, muscle, cartilage, and bone. In the current study, we systematically characterize three novel anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)‐derived cell populations with the potential for ligament regeneration: ligament‐forming fibroblasts (LFF: CD146neg, CD34negCD44pos, CD31neg, CD45neg), ligament perivascular cells (LPC: CD146posCD34negCD44pos, CD31neg, CD45neg) and ligament interstitial cells (LIC: CD34posCD146neg, CD44pos, CD31neg, CD45neg)—and describe their proliferative and differentiation potential, collagen gene expression and metabolism in both normoxic and hypoxic environments, and their trophic potential in vitro. All three groups of cells (LIC, LPC, and LFF) isolated from adult human ACL exhibited progenitor cell characteristics with regard to proliferation and differentiation potential in vitro. Culture in low oxygen tension enhanced the collagen I and III gene expression in LICs (by 2.8‐ and 3.3‐fold, respectively) and LFFs (by 3‐ and 3.5‐fold, respectively) and increased oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in LICs (by 4‐ and 3.5‐fold, respectively), LFFs (by 5.5‐ and 3‐fold, respectively), LPCs (by 10‐ and 4.5‐fold, respectively) as compared to normal oxygen concentration. In summary, this study demonstrates for the first time the presence of three novel progenitor cell populations in the adult ACL that demonstrate robust proliferative and matrix synthetic capacity; these cells may play a role in local ligament regeneration, and consequently represent a potential cell source for ligament engineering applications. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:985–994, 2016.