bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lac‐Mégantic Derailment, Corporate Regulation, and Neoliberal Sovereignty
Authors: Dunford David Tyler 
Published: February 2017

On July 6, 2013, Montreal, Maine, and Atlantic railcar 5017 hauling 72 tanker cars of Bakken crude oil derailed over the town of Lac‐Mégantic, Quebec. The town erupted in a fiery inferno as 5,560,000 liters of highly flammable Bakken crude oil exploded over the town, killing 47 people and contaminating 558,000 tons of soil and local waterways. While Montreal, Maine, and Atlantic Rail Chairman Edward Burkhardt initially blamed the derailment on the lone engineer and local firefighters, this study shows how Transport Canada and the rail industry undermined regulatory and safety measures for several years before the derailment. This study uses a Foucauldian theoretical perspective to conceptualize and explain a new political mentality that transfers existing state regulatory authority to the corporate sector. This new mentality, neoliberal sovereignty, is composed of sovereign and neoliberal logics that monopolize “correct” trajectories of human economic development. This absolute market mentality merges with state sovereignty and eliminates existing safety and regulation frameworks to pursue unregulated corporate profits.Le 6 juillet 2013, un train de 72 wagons‐citernes transportant du pétrole brute Bakken a déraillé de la ligne de chemin de fer de la Montréal, Maine et Atlantique, dans la ville de Lac‐Mégantic au Québec. La ville c'est transformé en véritable enfer, alors que 5 560 000 litre de pétrole brute Bakken très inflammable ont fait explosé la ville, tuant quarante‐sept personnes et contaminant 558 000 tonnes d'eaux et du sol de Lac‐Mégantic et ses environs. Alors que le président de la MMA, Edward Burkhart, a d'abord blâmé l'ingénieur et le service d'incendie local, les études montrent que Transport Canada et l'industrie ferroviaire ont amoindrit les mesures de réglementation et de sécurité plusieurs années avant le déraillement. Cette étude utilise une perspective théorique foucauldienne pour conceptualiser et expliquer une nouvelle mentalité politique qui transfère l'autorité de régulations gouvernementales existantes au secteur des entreprises. Cette nouvelle mentalité, souveraines et néo‐libérale, est composé de logique souveraines et néo‐libérales qui monopolise les trajectoires « respectables » de développement économique humain. Cette mentalité de marché absolu fusionne avec la souveraineté de l'État et élimine les cadres de sécurité et les réglementations existantes pour les bénéfices des entreprises non réglementaires.
Canadian University Acknowledgment of Indigenous Lands, Treaties, and Peoples
Authors: Wilkes Rima , Duong Aaron , Kesler Linc , Ramos Howard 
Published: February 2017

At many Canadian universities it is now common to publicly acknowledge Indigenous lands, treaties, and peoples. Yet, this practice has yet to be considered as a subject of scholarly inquiry. How does this practice vary and why? In this paper we describe the content and practice of acknowledgment, linking this content to treaty relationships (or lack thereof). We show that acknowledgment tends to be one of five general types: of land and title (British Columbia), of specific treaties and political relationships (Prairies), of multiculturalism and heterogeneity (Ontario), of no practice (most of Quebec), and of people, territory, and openness to doing more (Atlantic). Based on these results, we conclude that the fluidity of acknowledgment as a practice, including changing meanings depending on the positionality of the acknowledger, need to be taken into account.Plusieurs universités Canadien pratique une reconnaissance des territoires, des traités, et des peoples autochtone en publique. Cette pratique, cependant, n'a jamais été considérée comme une enquête savante. Dans ce projet nous regardons comment les reconnaissances varie par institution et pourquoi. Nous trouvons qu'il y a un lien entre le contenu des reconnaissances et les relations traité. On démontre cinq forme des reconnaissances: territoire et titre (Colombie britannique); traité spécifique and les relations politiques (Prairies); multiculturalisme et hétérogénéité (Ontario); l'absence (la majorité du Québec); et des peoples, territoire et volonté a plus faire (Atlantique). Nous concluons que la fluidité de la reconnaissance, comme pratique, est fluide et doit prendre en considération la position de la personne qui le fait.
Dental care coverage and income‐related inequalities in foregone dental care in Europe during the great recession
Authors: Elstad Jon Ivar 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines income inequalities in foregone dental care in 23 European countries during the years with global economic crisis. Associations between dental care coverage from public health budgets or social insurance, and income‐related inequalities in perceived access to dental care, are analysed.MethodsSurvey data 2008‐2013 from 23 countries were combined with country data on macro‐economic conditions and coverage for dental care. Foregone dental care was defined as self‐reported abstentions from needed dental care because of costs or other crisis‐related reasons. Age‐standardized percentages reporting foregone dental care were estimated for respondents, age 20‐74, in the lowest and highest income quartile. Associations between dental care coverage and income inequalities in foregone dental care, adjusted for macro‐economic indicators, were examined by country‐level regression models.ResultsIn all 23 countries, respondents in the lowest income quartile reported significantly higher levels of foregone dental care than respondents in the highest quartile. During 2008‐2013, income inequalities in foregone dental care widened significantly in 13 of 23 countries, but decreased in only three countries. Adjusted for countries' macro‐economic situation and severity of the economic crisis, higher dental care coverage was significantly associated with smaller income inequalities in foregone dental care and less widening of these inequalities.ConclusionsIncome‐related inequalities in dental care have widened in Europe during the years with global economic crisis. Higher dental care coverage corresponded to less income‐related inequalities in foregone dental care and less widening of these inequalities.
Dietary total antioxidant capacity in early school age and subsequent allergic disease
Authors: Gref A. , Rautiainen S. , Gruzieva O. , Håkansson N. , Kull I. , Pershagen G. , Wickman M. , Wolk A. , Melén E. , Bergström A. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundDietary antioxidant intake has been hypothesized to influence the development of allergic diseases; however, few prospective studies have investigated this association.ObjectiveOur aim was to study the association between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the diet at age 8 years and the subsequent development of asthma, rhinitis and sensitization to inhalant allergens between 8 and 16 years, and to assess potential effect modification by known risk factors.MethodsA total of 2359 children from the Swedish birth cohort BAMSE were included. Dietary TAC at age 8 years was estimated by combining information on the child's diet the past 12 months from a food frequency questionnaire with a database of common foods analysed with the oxygen radical absorbance capacity method. Classification of asthma and rhinitis was based on questionnaires, and serum IgE antibodies were measured at 8 and 16 years.ResultsA statistically significant inverse association was observed between TAC of the diet and incident sensitization to inhalant allergens (adjusted odds ratio: 0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.55–0.97 for the third compared to the first tertile, P‐value for trend = 0.031). Effect modification by traffic‐related air pollution exposure was observed, with a stronger association between dietary TAC and sensitization among children with low traffic‐related air pollution exposure (P‐value for interaction = 0.029). There was no evidence for effect modification by GSTP1 or TNF genotypes, although these results should be interpreted with caution. No clear associations were observed between TAC and development of rhinitis or asthma, although a significant inverse association was observed for allergic asthma (ORadj 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.94).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceHigher TAC of the diet in early school age may decrease the risk of developing sensitization to inhalant allergens from childhood to adolescence. These findings indicate that implementing an antioxidant‐rich diet in childhood may contribute to the prevention of allergic disease.
Segregation and expression analyses of hyaluronan‐binding protein 2 (HABP2): insights from a large series of familial non‐medullary thyroid cancers and literature review
Authors: Colombo Carla , Muzza Marina , Proverbio Maria Carla , Ercoli Giulia , Perrino Michela , Cirello Valentina , Vicentini Leonardo , Ferrero Stefano , Fugazzola Laura 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIntroductionRecently, the G534E variant of the HABP2 gene was reported as the underlying genetic defect in a large kindred with nonsyndromic familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC). Nevertheless, this postulated role was not confirmed in additional cohorts. Contrasting data are also available on HABP2 expression in the thyroid.ObjectivesTo investigate HABP2 as a potential susceptibility gene in a large series of 27 unrelated families with FNMTC and to test its expression in thyroid tumour and matched normal tissues.ResultsThree of the 27 FNMTC families (11·1%) carried the HABP2G534E variant. The genotyping of these families showed that HABP2G534E does not segregate with cancer. Indeed, affected individuals not carrying HABP2G534E were identified, and the variant was present also in members without thyroid cancer. HABP2 mRNA had a very variable expression in tissues from FNMTC, sporadic papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) or contralateral normal tissues, by either nonquantitative or quantitative RT‐polymerase chain reaction. In almost all cases, the gene appeared down‐ or up‐regulated in tumours with respect to the corresponding normal tissue. At immunohistochemistry, HABP2 was expressed in both tumour and matched control tissues, without differences between sporadic and familial cases.ConclusionsThis study on a wide series of FNMTC indicates that the HABP2G534E variant is frequent, but does not segregate with the disease. Nevertheless, the dysregulation of HABP2 expression found in either sporadic or familial PTCs or normal thyroid tissues is consistent with similar findings in other malignancies and could indicate a role of this gene also in thyroid cancer.
Novel pre‐therapeutic scoring system using patient and haematological data to predict facial palsy prognosis
Authors: Wasano K. , Ishikawa T. , Kawasaki T. , Yamamoto S. , Tomisato S. , Shinden S. , Minami S. , Wakabayashi T. , Ogawa K. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesWe describe a novel scoring system, the facial Palsy Prognosis Prediction score (PPP score), which we test for reliability in predicting pre‐therapeutic prognosis of facial palsy. We aimed to use readily available patient data that all clinicians have access to before starting treatment.DesignMulticenter case series with chart review.SettingThree tertiary care hospitals.ParticipantsWe obtained haematological and demographic data from 468 facial palsy patients who were treated between 2010 and 2014 in three tertiary care hospitals. Patients were categorised as having Bell's palsy or Ramsey Hunt's palsy.Main outcome measuresWe compared the data of recovered and unrecovered patients. PPP scores consisted of combinatorial threshold values of continuous patient data (eg platelet count) and categorical variables (eg gender) that best predicted recovery. We created separate PPP scores for Bell's palsy patients (PPP‐B) and for Ramsey Hunt's palsy patients (PPP‐H).ResultsThe PPP‐B score included age (≥65 years), gender (male) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (≥2.9). The PPP‐H score included age (≥50 years), monocyte rate (≥6.0%), mean corpuscular volume (≥95 fl) and platelet count (≤200 000 /μL). Patient recovery rate significantly decreased with increasing PPP scores (both PPP‐B and PPP‐H) in a step‐wise manner. PPP scores (ie PPP‐B score and PPP‐H score) ≥2 were associated with worse than average prognosis.ConclusionsPalsy Prognosis Prediction scores are useful for predicting prognosis of facial palsy before beginning treatment.
Using environmental DNA to assess population‐wide spatiotemporal reserve use
Authors: Stewart Kathryn , Ma Hongjuan , Zheng Jinsong , Zhao Jianfu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractScientists increasingly rely on protected areas to assist in biodiversity conservation, yet the efficacy of these areas is rarely systematically assessed, often because of underfunding. Still, adaptive management strategies to maximize conservation success often rely on understanding the temporal and spatial dynamism of populations therein. Examination of environmental DNA (eDNA) is a time and cost‐effective way to monitor species’ distribution, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) provides information on organismal abundance. To date, however, such techniques remain underused for population assessments in protected areas. We determined eDNA concentration of the critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)to describe its occurrence, range, and use of the Tian e‐Zhou National Nature Reserve in Hubei, China, across seasons and hydrological depths. Despite the observation that total eDNA concentrations were highest in surface waters in summer, finless porpoise eDNA concentrations were significantly higher in deeper waters than in surface waters in summer. During the breeding season (spring), eDNA signals were site specific and restricted to the core area of the reserve. However, postbreeding eDNA concentrations were widespread across the reserve, encompassing sites previously thought to be unfrequented by the species. Our results suggest spatiotemporal idiosyncrasies in site, depth, and seasonal use of the reserve and a propensity for postbreeding population dispersal. With eDNA and qPCR we were able to assess an entire population's use of a protected area. Illuminating nuances in habitat use via eDNA could be valuable to set pragmatic conservation goals for this, and other, species.
Assessment of morbidity and mortality associated with endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration for pancreatic cystic lesions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Huiyun , Jiang Fei , Zhu Jianwei , Du Yiqi , Jin Zhendong , Li Zhaoshen 
Published: February 2017

Background and AimWith increased availability of imaging technology, detection of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL) is on the rise. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) improves the diagnosis accuracy of PCL. Systematic evaluation of morbidity and mortality associated with EUS‐FNA for PCL has not been carried out. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of morbidity and mortality associated with EUS‐FNA.MethodsA literature search for relevant English‐language articles was conducted on PubMed and EMBASE databases. Main outcome measures for this analysis were adverse effects of diagnostic EUS‐FNA, and the associated morbidity and mortality, in patients with PCL.ResultsForty studies, with a combined subject population of 5124 patients with PCL, satisfied the inclusion criteria. Overall morbidity as a result of adverse events of EUS‐FNA was 2.66% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.84–3.62%), and the associated mortality was 0.19% (95% CI: 0.09–0.32%). Common post‐procedure adverse events included pancreatitis 0.92% (95% CI: 0.63–1.28%), hemorrhage 0.69% (95% CI: 0.42–1.02%), pain 0.49% (95% CI: 0.27–0.79%), infection 0.44% (95% CI: 0.27–0.66%), desaturation 0.23% (95% CI: 0.12–0.38%) and perforation 0.21% (95% CI: 0.11–0.36%). There was no peritoneal seeding in our study. Incidence of adverse events associated with prophylactic periprocedural antibiotic use was 2.77% (95% CI: 1.87–3.85%).ConclusionsEUS‐FNA is a safe procedure for diagnosis of PCL and is associated with a relatively low incidence of adverse events. Most adverse events were mild, self‐limiting, and did not require medical intervention.
Healthcare resource utilization and related financial costs associated with glucose lowering with either exenatide or basal insulin: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Holden Sarah E. , Morgan Christopher Ll. , Qiao Qing , Jenkins‐Jones Sara , Berni Ellen R. , Currie Craig J. 
Published: February 2017

AimsType 2 diabetes is a major health problem placing increasing demands on healthcare systems. Our objective was to estimate healthcare resource use and related financial costs following treatment with exenatide‐based regimens prescribed as once‐weekly (EQW) or twice‐daily (EBID) formulations, compared with regimens based on basal insulin (BI).Materials and methodsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) linked to Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). Patients with type 2 diabetes who received exenatide or BI between 2009 and 2014 as their first recorded exposure to injectable therapy were selected. Costs were attributed to primary care contacts, diabetes‐related prescriptions and inpatient admissions using standard UK healthcare costing methods (2014 prices). Frequency and costs were compared between cohorts before and after matching by propensity score using Poisson regression.ResultsGroups of 8723, 218 and 2180 patients receiving BI, EQW and EBID, respectively, were identified; 188 and 1486 patients receiving EQW and EBID, respectively, were matched 1:1 to patients receiving BI by propensity score. Among unmatched cohorts, total crude mean costs per patient‐year were £2765 for EQW, £2549 for EBID and £4080 for BI. Compared with BI, the adjusted annual cost ratio (aACR) was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.91‐0.92) for EQW and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.82‐0.82) for EBID. Corresponding costs for the propensity‐matched subgroups were £2646 vs £3283 (aACR, 0.80, 0.80‐0.81) for EQW vs BI and £2532 vs £3070 (aACR, 0.84, 0.84‐0.84) for EBID vs BI.ConclusionOverall, exenatide once‐weekly and twice‐daily‐based regimens were associated with reduced healthcare resource use and costs compared with basal‐insulin‐based regimens.
Visual appearance of a virtual upper limb modulates the temperature of the real hand: a thermal imaging study in Immersive Virtual Reality
Authors: Tieri Gaetano , Gioia Annamaria , Scandola Michele , Pavone Enea F. , Aglioti Salvatore M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo explore the link between Sense of Embodiment (SoE) over a virtual hand and physiological regulation of skin temperature, 24 healthy participants were immersed in virtual reality through a Head Mounted Display and had their real limb temperature recorded by means of a high‐sensitivity infrared camera. Participants observed a virtual right upper limb (appearing either normally, or with the hand detached from the forearm) or limb‐shaped non‐corporeal control objects (continuous or discontinuous wooden blocks) from a first‐person perspective. Subjective ratings of SoE were collected in each observation condition, as well as temperatures of the right and left hand, wrist and forearm. The observation of these complex, body and body‐related virtual scenes resulted in increased real hand temperature when compared to a baseline condition in which a 3d virtual ball was presented. Crucially, observation of non‐natural appearances of the virtual limb (discontinuous limb) and limb‐shaped non‐corporeal objects elicited high increase in real hand temperature and low SoE. In contrast, observation of the full virtual limb caused high SoE and low temperature changes in the real hand with respect to the other conditions. Interestingly, the temperature difference across the different conditions occurred according to a topographic rule that included both hands. Our study sheds new light on the role of an external hand's visual appearance and suggests a tight link between higher‐order bodily self‐representations and topographic regulation of skin temperature.
Effect of organizational features on patient satisfaction with care in Italian multiple sclerosis centres
Authors: Mattarozzi K. , Baldin E. , Zenesini C. , Solari A. , Amato M. P. , Leone M. , Mancardi G. , Martinelli V. , Savettieri G. , Solaro C. , Tola M. R. , D'Alessandro R. ,   the Agorà Study Group
Published: February 2017

Background and purposeReceiving clear, complete and up‐to‐date information and having a satisfying relationship with the health professional (HP) are of primary importance for MS patients. Healthcare organization plays a key role in promoting an effective relationship and communication between patients and HPs. The present study aims to explore which care organization and service characteristics provided by Italian MS centres best predict patients’ satisfaction with healthcare.MethodsEighty‐one centres and 707 patients (502 women, mean age 40.5 years, SD 10.2; mean education 12.2 years, SD 3.6; time since diagnosis 5.9 years, SD 1.5) were included in the analysis. The care organization and service provided by each centre were evaluated in comparison with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines on management of MS. Patients’ satisfaction with care was measured using the patient self‐assessed questionnaire ‘Comunicazione medico‐paziente nella Sclerosi Multipla, revised’ section 2 (COSM‐R section 2).ResultsThe clinical characteristics of patients significantly affected their satisfaction. A multivariate regression model showed that higher patients’ satisfaction (COSM‐R score) was inversely associated with hospital size (number of patients under care) (β = −0.21, 95% confidence interval −0.35; −0.07) and directly associated with psychological interventions (β = 2.44, 95% confidence interval 0.29; 4.59).ConclusionsMultiple sclerosis patients from larger hospitals are less satisfied with the information received and the relationship with HPs. Building an individualized relationship between patients and HPs and tailoring the communication of information improve patients’ satisfaction. Such a goal is probably less likely to be accomplished in larger centres with many incoming patients. Moreover, when the centres also provide structured psychological interventions, the patients are more satisfied.
Information technology outsourcing relationship integration: a critical success factors study based on ranking problems (P.γ) and correlation analysis
Authors: de Carvalho Victor Diogho Heuer , Poleto Thiago , Seixas Ana Paula Cabral 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInformation technology (IT) outsourcing is an interesting alternative for companies that want to obtain certain benefits by delegating IT activities to a provider to keep their focus on their core activities. This outsourcing involves a process that begins with the provider selection, passing through a series of negotiations, and reaching the definition of a contract, which will guide and delimitate the execution of activities, the interaction, and the relationship between the involved parties. To ensure the success of this relationship, several factors under contractual and relational governances have been defined in the literature. This work aims to corroborate the importance of literature findings about contractual aspects and critical success factors by presenting a ranking and correlation analysis and emphasize that companies may use these factors as criteria to improve their outsourcing relationships by developing a partnership status. To meet this objective, we established the main aspects and factors based on the literature, resulting in specific sets. Then, a survey was conducted with outsourcers and providers in the Recife's IT pole (Pernambuco, Brazil) to collect data and determine the relative importance and correlations between the elements of these sets using a methodology based on ranking problems (P.γ) and nonparametrical correlation analysis.