bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference Values of Aortic Root in Male and Female White Elite Athletes According to Sport
Authors: Boraita Araceli , Heras Maria-Eugenia , Morales Francisco , Marina-Breysse Manuel , Canda Alicia , Rabadan Manuel , Barriopedro Maria-Isabel , Varela Amai , de la Rosa Alejandro , Tuñón José 
Published: October 2016

Background—
There is limited information regarding the aortic root upper physiological limits in all planes in elite athletes according to static and dynamic cardiovascular demands and sex.

Methods and Results—

A cross-sectional study was performed in 3281 healthy elite athletes (2039 men and 1242 women) aged 23.1±5.7 years, with body surface area of 1.9±0.2 m
2
and 8.9±4.9 years and 19.2±9.6 hours/week of training. Maximum end-diastolic aortic root diameters were measured in the parasternal long axis by 2-dimensional echocardiography. Age, left ventricular mass, and body surface area were the main predictors of aortic dimensions. Raw values were greater in males than in females (
P
<0.0001) at all aortic root levels. Dimensions corrected by body surface area were higher in men than in women at the aortic annulus (13.1±1.7 versus 12.9±1.7 mm/m
2
;
P
=0.007), without significant differences at the sinus of Valsalva (16.3±1.9 versus 16.3±1.9 mm/m
2
;
P
=0.797), and were smaller in men at the sinotubular junction (13.6±1.8 versus 13.8±1.8 mm/m
2
;
P
=0.008) and the proximal ascending aorta (13.8±1.9 versus 14.1±1.9 mm/m
2
;
P
=0.001). Only 1.8% of men and 1.5% of women had values >40 mm and 34 mm, respectively. Raw and corrected aortic measures at all levels were significantly greater in sports, with a high dynamic component in both sexes, except for corrected values of the sinotubular junction in women.

Conclusions—
Aortic root dimensions in healthy elite athletes are within the established limits for the general population. This study describes the normal dimensions for healthy elite athletes classified according to sex and dynamic and static components of their sports.
Injectable Shear-Thinning Hydrogels for Minimally Invasive Delivery to Infarcted Myocardium to Limit Left Ventricular Remodeling
Authors: Rodell Christopher B. , Lee Madonna E. , Wang Hua , Takebayashi Satoshi , Takayama Tetsushi , Kawamura Tomonori , Arkles Jeffrey S. , Dusaj Neville N. , Dorsey Shauna M. , Witschey Walter R.T. , Pilla James J. , Gorman Joseph H. , Wenk Jonathan F. , Burdick Jason A. , Gorman Robert C. 
Published: October 2016

Background—
Injectable, acellular biomaterials hold promise to limit left ventricular remodeling and heart failure precipitated by infarction through bulking or stiffening the infarct region. A material with tunable properties (eg, mechanics, degradation) that can be delivered percutaneously has not yet been demonstrated. Catheter-deliverable soft hydrogels with in vivo stiffening to enhance therapeutic efficacy achieve these requirements.

Methods and Results—

We developed a hyaluronic acid hydrogel that uses a tandem crosslinking approach, where the first crosslinking (guest–host) enabled injection and localized retention of a soft (<1 kPa) hydrogel. A second crosslinking reaction (dual-crosslinking) stiffened the hydrogel (41.4±4.3 kPa) after injection. Posterolateral infarcts were investigated in an ovine model (n≥6 per group), with injection of saline (myocardial infarction control), guest–host hydrogels, or dual-crosslinking hydrogels. Computational (day 1), histological (1 day, 8 weeks), morphological, and functional (0, 2, and 8 weeks) outcomes were evaluated. Finite-element modeling projected myofiber stress reduction (>50%;
P
<0.001) with dual-crosslinking but not guest–host injection. Remodeling, assessed by infarct thickness and left ventricular volume, was mitigated by hydrogel treatment. Ejection fraction was improved, relative to myocardial infarction at 8 weeks, with dual-crosslinking (37% improvement;
P
=0.014) and guest–host (15% improvement;
P
=0.058) treatments. Percutaneous delivery via endocardial injection was investigated with fluoroscopic and echocardiographic guidance, with delivery visualized by magnetic resonance imaging.

Conclusions—
A percutaneous delivered hydrogel system was developed, and hydrogels with increased stiffness were found to be most effective in ameliorating left ventricular remodeling and preserving function. Ultimately, engineered systems such as these have the potential to provide effective clinical options to limit remodeling in patients after infarction.
Interleukin‐23 Secreted by Activated Macrophages Drives γδT Cell Production of Interleukin‐17 to Aggravate Secondary Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Zhong Qi , Zhou Kai , Liang Qiao‐Li , Lin Sen , Wang Yan‐Chun , Xiong Xiao‐Yi , Meng Zhao‐You , Zhao Ting , Zhu Wen‐Yao , Yang Yuan‐Rui , Liao Mao‐Fan , Gong Qiu‐Wen , Liu Liang , Xiong Ao , Hao Junwei , Wang Jian , Yang Qing‐Wu 
Published: October 2016

Background

Neuroinflammation plays a key role in intracerebral hemorrhage (
ICH
)–induced secondary brain injury, but the specific roles of peripheral inflammatory cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the roles of macrophages, T lymphocytes, and the cytokines they secrete as potential targets for treating secondary brain injury after
ICH
.

Methods and Results

Our results showed that peripheral macrophages and T lymphocytes successively infiltrated the brain, with macrophage counts peaking 1 day after
ICH
and T‐lymphocyte counts peaking after 4 days. These peaks in cellular infiltration corresponded to increases in interleukin (
IL
)‐23 and
IL
‐17 expression, respectively. We found that hemoglobin from the hematoma activated
IL
‐23 secretion by infiltrating macrophages by inducing the formation of toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2/4 heterodimer. This increased
IL
‐23 expression stimulated γδT‐cell production of
IL
‐17, which increased brain edema and neurologic deficits in the model mice as a proinflammatory factor. Finally, we found that sparstolonin B (SsnB) could ameliorate brain edema and neurologic deficits in
ICH
model mice via inhibition of
TLR
2/
TLR
4 heterodimer formation, and notably, SsnB interacted with myeloid differentiation factor 88 Arg196.

Conclusions

Together, our results reveal the importance of the
IL
‐23/
IL
‐17 inflammatory axis in secondary brain injury after
ICH
and thus provide a new therapeutic target for
ICH
treatment.
Antiphosphatidylserine Antibodies and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bu Xiaoqing , Peng Hao , Zhong Chongke , Xu Tan , Xu Tian , Peng Yanbo , Chen Chung-Shiuan , Wang Jinchao , Ju Zhong , Li Qunwei , Geng Deqin , Sun Yingxian , Zhang Dongsheng , Zhang Jintao , Chen Jing , Zhang Yonghong , He Jiang 
Published: October 2016

Background and Purpose—
Antiphosphatidylserine antibodies (aPS) have been associated with the risk of ischemic stroke. However, it remains unclear whether aPS will influence clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—
A total of 3013 patients with acute ischemic stroke recruited from 26 hospitals across China from August 2009 to May 2013 were included in the study The primary outcome was a combination of death and major disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) at 3 months after stroke. Secondary outcomes included death, major disability, recurrent stroke, and vascular events.

Results—

Composite outcome of death and major disability rates were 29.1% versus 23.9% in aPS-positive and aPS-negative groups. Compared with aPS-negative, adjusted odds ratios or hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) associated with aPS-positive were 1.35 (1.07–1.71), 1.63 (0.99–2.69), and 1.25 (0.98–1.59) for composite outcome of death or major disability, death, and major disability, respectively. For 1 interquartile range increase of aPS, the adjusted odds ratios or hazard ratios were 1.10 (1.01–1.20), 1.19 (1.05–1.35), and 1.05 (0.96–1.14), respectively. Adding aPS status to a model containing conventional risk factors improved risk prediction for composite outcome of death or major disability (net reclassification improvement index=11.3%,
P
=0.006; integrated discrimination improvement=0.2%,
P
=0.04). There was no significant association between aPS and risks of recurrent stroke and vascular events.

Conclusions—
We found that positive aPS increased risks of death or major disability at 3 months after an acute ischemic stroke, suggesting that aPS might be a prognostic marker for ischemic stroke.
Association of Secondhand Smoke With Stroke Outcomes
Authors: Lin Michelle P. , Ovbiagele Bruce , Markovic Daniela , Towfighi Amytis 
Published: October 2016

Background and Purpose—
Approximately half of never smokers are exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS). Smoking is a well-established stroke risk factor, yet associations between SHS, stroke, and poststroke mortality remain uncertain. We aimed to determine the prevalence of exposure to SHS among those with and without stroke and its impact on mortality.

Methods—
Data were obtained from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 27 836 never smokers with/without self-reported stroke aged ≥18 years, sampled from 1988 to 1994 and 1999 to 2012, with linked mortality through 2010. Household exposure to SHS was determined by self-report; exposure severity was quantified by serum cotinine level. Independent relationships between SHS and all-cause mortality were assessed using Cox regression models, before and after adjusting for sociodemographics and comorbidities.

Results—

From 1988 to 1994 to 1999 to 2012, age-adjusted prevalence of exposure to SHS declined from 11.5% to 6.6% among survivors of stroke (
P
=0.08), and 14.6% to 5.9% among persons without stroke (
P
<0.01). Factors associated with high exposure to SHS were male sex, black race, ≤12th-grade education, poverty income ratio ≤200%, high alcohol intake, and history of myocardial infarction (all
P
<0.05). High exposure to SHS was associated with higher odds of previous stroke (odds ratio, 1.46;
P
=0.026). There was a dose-dependent relationship between exposure to SHS and all-cause mortality after stroke.

Conclusions—
Individuals with previous stroke have 50% greater odds to have been exposed to SHS; SHS is associated with a 2-fold increase in mortality after stroke. This study highlights the importance of obtaining exposure to SHS history and counseling patients and their families on the potential impact of SHS on poststroke outcomes.
Species-specific diagnostics using a β-1,4-endoglucanase gene for Pratylenchus spp. occurring in the Pacific Northwest of North America
Authors: Peetz Amy B. , Zasada Inga A. 
Published: October 2016

A PCR assay was designed and optimised to differentiate fourPratylenchusspecies commonly encountered in soil and root samples from the Pacific Northwest of North America. Species-specific primers were designed to accessions fromPratylenchusspecies deposited in GenBank which encoded aβ-1,4-endoglucanase gene. The optimisedβ-1,4-endoglucanase gene primer sets produced amplicons that were 380, 293, 528 and 364 bp fromP. crenatus,P. neglectus,P. penetransandP. thornei, respectively. Primer sets were tested successfully for functionality and specificity within each of the four species as well as against other species not commonly found in the Pacific Northwest. This method allowed for the identification of juveniles to species, thereby precluding the necessity of the presence of females in a sample for accurate diagnostics. Ultimately, this diagnostic PCR assay could be used as an efficient tool for rapid diagnostics of thesePratylenchusspecies recovered from soil and root samples in any laboratory equipped for PCR.
Rediscovery of Crotalaria rigida (Leguminosae)—Rare and endemic legume of Southern India, Tamil Nadu
Authors: DHATCHANAMOORTHY NARAYANASAMY , ARUMUGAM THANGAVEL , SENTHIL KUMAR PONNUSAMY 
Published: October 2016

Crotalaria rigida (Leguminosae) is a rare and endemic species in southern India. Original descriptions were based on the live specimen, illustration and this paper deals with recent recollection after 107 years from Tamil Nadu, India. A detailed taxonomic description along with illustration is provided to facilitate its easy and proper identification of Crotalaria rigida.
IgG4-Related Disease of Bilateral Temporal Bones
Authors: Li Lilun , Ward Bryan , Cocks Margaret , Kheradmand Amir , Francis Howard W. 
Published: October 2016

Objective: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an idiopathic inflammatory condition that causes pseudotumor formation in single or multiple organs, including those of the head and neck. Temporal bone involvement is rare, with only 3 cases of unilateral temporal bone IgG4-RD described in the literature. We report the first known case of IgG4-RD of bilateral temporal bones and describe its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Methods: The patient was a 52-year-old man with latent tuberculosis (TB) who presented with a 10-year history of bilateral profound hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated bilateral labyrinthine destruction with invasion of the posterior fossa. Results: Immunoglobulin level testing showed elevated total serum IgG levels with normal IgG4 levels. Bilateral mastoidectomies were performed, with biopsy samples demonstrating IgG4 staining with IgG4-positive plasma cells up to 40/HPF (high power field) on the right and 20/HPF on the left, consistent with bilateral IgG4-RD. Conclusion: IgG4-RD of bilateral temporal bones presents with chronic and progressive bilateral hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Clinical presentation and radiologic findings are nonspecific, and definitive diagnosis must be made with histopathology and immunostaining. Corticosteroids are therapeutic, but surgical resection may be necessary for temporal bone IgG4-RD to improve long-term remission.
Laboratory Monitoring of Children on Home Parenteral Nutrition: A Prospective Study
Authors: Smith Amber , Feuling Mary Beth , Larson‐Nath Catherine , Karls Catherine , Van Hoorn Megan , Walia Cassandra L. S. , Leon Carly , Danner Elaine , Opichka Pam , Duesing Lori , Martinez Alfonso , Goday Praveen S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground: The primary hypothesis of this article is that a team approach in creating a protocolized laboratory monitoring schedule for home parenteral nutrition (PN) patients improves patient safety by decreasing the occurrence of nutrition deficiencies and is cost‐effective. Methods: In this prospective cohort study of home PN patients, each patient followed an established protocol of laboratory monitoring and weekly review by an interdisciplinary team of dietitians, nurses, and physicians. Data collected included anthropometric measurements, laboratory results, deviations from laboratory protocols, laboratory charges, PN shortage information, and means of ameliorating such shortages. Cost‐effectiveness analysis was only performed for nonmicronutrient laboratory tests. Results: Fifteen children (male, n = 6) with a median age of 59 months (range, 19–216) were included in this study. Primary diagnoses included short bowel syndrome (47%) and intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (40%). Patients received PN mixtures from 6 different infusion companies and experienced 60 different shortages in the PN formulation requiring adjustments or substitutions (mean, 4 shortages per patient). All patients had appropriate growth and complete micronutrient monitoring. No patient experienced any clinical symptoms due to shortages. The median number of laboratory draws/patient per month was 2.9 preprotocol compared with 1.14 postprotocol (P = .003). The median per patient per month charges were $2014 (interquartile range [IQR], 1471–2780) preprotocol compared with $792 (IQR, 435–1140) postprotocol (P = .002). Conclusions: A structured team approach to laboratory monitoring of home PN patients can simplify PN management, significantly decrease monthly laboratory costs, and lead to fewer laboratory draws while improving micronutrient monitoring and preventing deficiencies.
Middle Ear Pressure Changes during Balloon Eustachian Tuboplasty
Authors: Smith Matthew E. , Tysome James R. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveBalloon eustachian tuboplasty (BET) has entered clinical use as a treatment for eustachian tube dysfunction. Some surgeons perform myringotomy prior to BET due to concerns that the increase in middle ear (ME) pressure caused by BET may cause otic barotrauma. We investigated the ME pressure changes occurring during BET in cadavers.Study designHuman cadaver investigation of a surgical techniqueSettingLaboratory study at a tertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsME pressures were recorded from fresh‐frozen cadavers, and BET was performed with the Bielefeld balloon catheter inflated to 10 bar. Peak ME pressures were recorded during catheter insertion, inflation, deflation, and removal. A second pressure measurement was taken 15 seconds after each stage to assess the residual pressures. All BET procedures were repeated at least once. Where transmastoid recordings were made, BET was repeated, measuring pressure via a myringotomy to ensure equivalence.ResultsData from 25 procedures in 13 ears (9 heads) were analyzed. A consistent pattern of ME pressure change was observed in all cases. Positive pressures occurred on insertion (maximum, 26 daPa) and inflation (maximum, 99 daPa) and negative pressures on deflation (maximum, –46 daPa) and removal (maximum, –42 daPa). There were no significant pressure differences between first and second procedures, except at 15 seconds after insertion (P =. 04).ConclusionIn adult cadaveric specimens, BET induces ME pressures within the normal physiologic range. On this basis, routine myringotomy prior to BET in adults is not necessary.
Overlap Between Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Anterolateral Meniscal Root Insertions: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Steineman Brett D. , Moulton Samuel G. , Haut Donahue Tammy L. , Fontboté Cristián A. , LaPrade Christopher M. , Cram Tyler R. , Dean Chase S. , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: October 2016

Background: The anterolateral meniscal root (ALMR) has been reported to intricately insert underneath the tibial insertion of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Previous studies have begun to evaluate the relationship between the insertion areas and the risk of iatrogenic injuries; however, the overlap of the insertions has yet to be quantified in the sagittal and coronal planes. Purpose: To investigate the insertions of the human tibial ACL and ALMR using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to quantify the overlap of the ALMR insertion in the coronal and sagittal planes. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Ten cadaveric knees were dissected to isolate the tibial ACL and ALMR insertions. Specimens were prepared and imaged in the coronal and sagittal planes. After imaging, fiber directions were examined to identify the insertions and used to calculate the percentage of the ACL that overlaps with the ALMR instead of inserting into bone. Results: Four-phase insertion fibers of the tibial ACL were identified directly medial to the ALMR insertion as they attached onto the tibial plateau. The mean percentage of ACL fibers overlapping the ALMR insertion instead of inserting into subchondral bone in the coronal and sagittal planes was 41.0% ± 8.9% and 53.9% ± 4.3%, respectively. The percentage of insertion overlap in the sagittal plane was significantly higher than in the coronal plane ( P = .02). Conclusion: This study is the first to quantify the ACL insertion overlap of the ALMR insertion in the coronal and sagittal planes, which supplements previous literature on the insertion area overlap and iatrogenic injuries of the ALMR insertion. Future studies should determine how much damage to the ALMR insertion is acceptable to properly restore ACL function without increasing the risk for tears of the ALMR. Clinical Relevance: Overlap of the insertion areas on the tibial plateau has been previously reported; however, the results of this study demonstrate significant overlap of the insertions superior to the insertion sites on the tibial plateau as well. These findings need to be considered when positioning for tibial tunnel creation in ACL reconstruction to avoid damage to the ALMR insertion.
Complete genome sequence of Methanoculleus bourgensis strain MAB1, the syntrophic partner of mesophilic acetate-oxidising bacteria (SAOB)
Authors: Manzoor Shahid , Schnürer Anna , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik , Müller Bettina 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMethanoculleus bourgensis strain MAB1 has been identified as the hydrogenotrophic partner of mesophilic acetate-oxidising bacteria, a syntrophic relationship operating close to the thermodynamic equilibrium and of considerable importance in ammonia-rich engineered biogas processes. Methanoculleus bourgensis strain MAB1 belongs to the order Methanomicrobiales, family Methanomicrobiaceae, within the phylum Euryarchaeota. The genome shows a total size of 2,859,299 bp encoding 3450 predicted protein-encoding genes, of which only 1472 (43 %) have been assigned tentative functions. The genome encodes further 44 tRNA genes and three rRNA genes (5S, 16S and 23S rRNA). This study presents assembling and annotation features as well as genomic traits related to ammonia tolerance and methanogenesis.
Genome sequences and annotation of two urinary isolates of E. coli
Authors: Price Travis K. , Mehrtash Arya , Kalesinskas Laurynas , Malki Kema , Hilt Evann E. , Putonti Catherine , Wolfe Alan J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe genus Escherichia includes pathogens and commensals. Bladder infections (cystitis) result most often from colonization of the bladder by uropathogenic E. coli strains. In contrast, a poorly defined condition called asymptomatic bacteriuria results from colonization of the bladder with E. coli strains without symptoms. As part of an on-going attempt to identify and characterize the newly discovered female urinary microbiota, we report the genome sequences and annotation of two urinary isolates of E. coli: one (E78) was isolated from a female patient who self-reported cystitis; the other (E75) was isolated from a female patient who reported that she did not have symptoms of cystitis. Whereas strain E75 is most closely related to an avian extraintestinal pathogen, strain E78 is a member of a clade that includes extraintestinal strains often found in the human bladder. Both genomes are uncommonly rich in prophages.
Can Payment Reform Be Social Reform? The Lure and Liabilities of the “Triple Aim”
Authors: Tanenbaum Sandra J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The formulation of the triple aim responds to three problems facing the US health care system: high cost, low quality, and poor health status. The purpose of this article is to analyze the potential of the health care system to achieve the triple aim and, specifically, the attempt to improve population health by rewarding providers who contain costs. The first section of the article will consider the task of improving population health through the health care system. The second section of the article will discuss CMS's efforts to pay providers to achieve the triple aim, that is, to improve health care and population health while containing cost. These include Maryland's Global Revenue Budget model, bundled payments, and ACOs, and they highlight the extent to which this version of integration is underwritten by savings achieved by providers for the Medicare program. The conclusion section of the article will consider the politics of payment reform as social reform. It will address proposals that health care payers and providers lead in addressing the social contributors to ill health and urge payment reformers to appreciate more fully the politics and policies of other sectors and the dynamics of their inclusion in population health improvement.