bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aprendizaje colaborativo mediante estudio de caso y juego de roles en el curso análisis de las finanzas de la Escuela de Administración de Negocios en la Universidad de Costa Rica. Learning collaborative by means of a case study and role-play applied in the course finance analysis, Business School, Universidad de Costa Rica.
Authors: Mora Eduardo Sosa 
Published: December 2017

<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>En este artículo se exponen los resultados obtenidos de la implementación de una estrategia didáctica de aprendizaje colaborativo mediante el estudio de caso y el juego de roles aplicados en el curso de Análisis de las Finanzas y Presupuestos de la Escuela de Administración de Negocios de la Universidad de Costa Rica. La implementación de esta estrategia tuvo como propósito que los estudiantes jugaran un papel activo en la construcción de sus aprendizajes siguiendo el enfoque de aprendizaje significativo, así como hacer más dinámica la enseñanza por medio de la aplicación de técnicas didácticas y la realización de actividades que involucraran a los estudiantes como agentes activos en la construcción de sus conocimientos. Los resultados de la aplicación de la estrategia permiten concluir que el aprendizaje colaborativo, el estudio de caso y el juego de roles puede facilitar la construcción de sus aprendizajes a partir de la identificación y solución de un problema, mediante la aplicación creativa de los conocimientos teóricos adquiridos durante el curso. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This article presents the results of a teaching strategy applied during the Finance Analysis course, at the Business Administration School at the Universidad de Costa Rica. The strategy was a collaborative learning through a case study and role-play. The purpose of this strategy was that the students played an active role in the construction of the learning process, following the approach of the significant learning and make it a more dynamic teaching, through the application of teaching techniques, and conducting activities that involve students as active agents in building their own knowledge. As a conclusion, the collaborative learning, the case study and the role-play, can facilitate the learning process by the identification and solution of a problem through the creative application of the theoretical knowledge acquired during the course by the students.acilitate the work of the audit team during the professional practice.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>
Exploring the “Obesity Paradox” as a Correlate of Cognitive and Physical Function in Community-Dwelling Black and White Older Adults
Authors: Skinner Jeannine S. , Abel Willie Mae , McCoy Katryna , Wilkins Conseulo H. 
Published: December 2017

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The obesity paradox has been documented in aged populations, yet it remains unclear if this paradox persists for physical and cognitive outcomes in community- dwelling older adult populations. Our study examines associations between body mass index (BMI) classification, cognitive function, and physical function. We also investigate whether these associations are modified by race or age. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Settings: </strong>Senior residential sites and community centers in Saint Louis, Missouri. </p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Study participants included 331 adults, aged &gt;55 years. Age was stratified into young-old (aged 55-74 years) and older (aged ≥75 years). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Outcome Measures: </strong>Physical function was measured using the mini-Physical Performance Test (mini-PPT) and grip strength. Cognitive function was assessed with the Short Blessed Test (SBT) and the Trail Making Tests (TMT-A and TMT-B) performance. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Older adults who were obese had significantly better cognitive flexibility (TMTB) performance than normal weight older adults (P=.02), and this association was not influenced by age or race. Adiposity was not associated with psychomotor speed (TMTA), general cognition (SBT), or measures of physical function (Ps&gt;.05). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a diverse sample of community-dwelling older adults, we found partial support for the controversial obesity paradox. Our results suggest excess adiposity may be protective for executive function processes. Future research is needed to examine the underlying physiological processes linking adiposity to executive function in older adults. <em></em></p><p><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2017;27(4):387-394; doi:10.18865/ed.27.4.387. </p>
A Racial Comparison of Differences between Self-Reported and Objectively Measured Physical Activity among US Adults with Diabetes
Authors: Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad , Arroyo Jeffrey S. , Hsia Stanley , Brojeni Neda Rouhi , Pan Deyu 
Published: December 2017

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate: 1) the racial/ethnic disparities in meeting the recommended physical activity as measured by subjective vs objective measures in a national sample of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus; and 2) the racial/ethnic differences with respect to the magnitude of the discrepancy between self-reported and objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity (MVPA). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-06 to calculate and compare the percentage of individuals with diabetes who achieved the recommended levels of physical activity as measured by subjective self-report (500 metabolic equivalents (MET)-minutes/week) and objective accelerometer measurement (150 minutes per week of MVPA) across racial/ ethnic groups. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>71.2%, 15.7%, and 13.1% of participants were White, African American, and Hispanic, respectively. Based on self-report, 67.1%, 39.2%, and 55.1% of Whites, African Americans, and Hispanics, respectively, met the 500 MET-minutes/week threshold of physical activity (P&lt;.0001). Objective measurement by accelerometer showed that 44.2%, 42.6%, and 65.1% of Whites, African Americans, and Hispanics, respectively, met the threshold (P&lt;.0003). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus did not meet the recommended physical activity thresholds. African Americans had the lowest proportion of meeting both the self-reported and objectively measured thresholds. White patients with diabetes overestimated frequency of their physical activity, while their Hispanic counterparts significantly underestimated it. Also, the gap between the two measures of MVPA was largest among Hispanics. <em></em></p><p><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2017;27(4):403-410; doi:10.18865/ ed.27.4.403. </p>
“They have said that I was slightly depressed but there are circumstances that bring that on”: How Middle-Aged and Older African American Men Describe Depression
Authors: Cornish Emily K. , Bergner Erin M. , Griffith Derek M. 
Published: December 2017

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Few studies have focused on how men perceive stress and depression, and even fewer have examined how men of a specific racial or ethnic group describe their experiences of these conditions. African American men tend to define health in ways that are inclusive of their physical health, health behaviors, and mental health, but research has largely failed to explore how men put their health and mental health in social contexts. The objective of this article is to explore how middle-aged and older African American men who self-identify as having depression: 1) differentiate stress from depression; and 2) describe depression. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Using data from semi-structured, individual interviews conducted between March and April 2014, we used a phenomenological approach to examine how men describe, experience, and perceive stress and depression. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Nashville, Tennessee. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>18 African American men aged 35-76 years who self-reported a previous or current diagnosis of depression. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Men talked about the experiences of stress and how many of them viewed chronic stress as expected and depression as a normal part of life. They used phrases like being “slightly depressed” or “I take a light antidepressant” to describe how they feel and what they are doing to feel better. Within these narratives, men had difficulty distinguishing between stress and depression and they primarily explained that depression was the result of external stressors and strains. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Men may have difficulty distinguishing between stress and depression and they may frame the causes of depression in ways that decrease their perceived culpability for its causes and limit their perceived control over the causes of depression. <em></em></p><p><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2017;27(4):437-442; doi:10.18865/ ed.27.4.437 </p>
Potential Nitrogen Losses in Relation to Spatially Distinct Soil Management History and Biochar Addition
Authors: Baechle Ben , Davis Adam S. , Pittelkow Cameron M. 
Published: December 2017

Soil functional zone management strategies including ridge tillage have been shown to increase in‐row (IR) compared with between‐row (BR) soil nitrogen (N) availability due to the development of contrasting soil properties and carbon (C) and N cycling processes. However, potential N losses may also increase for IR positions, representing an environmental tradeoff. Although biochar has putative contributions to tightening N cycles, its effect within spatially distinct management zones has not been quantified. This study evaluated the potential for biochar to reduce soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and leachate nitrate (NO3−) concentrations as influenced by changes in soil properties after 5 yr of ridge tillage in a silty clay loam soil. Soil columns for IR and BR positions were treated with and without biochar at 10 Mg ha−1 in a 100‐d laboratory incubation (n = 4 replications). Results indicate that biochar increased average daily N2O emissions in IR by 30% but decreased them by 39% in BR. In both positions, biochar decreased NO3− concentrations in soil solution and leachate by 11 to 20% and 10 to 15%, respectively. Our findings suggest that long‐term changes in soil C and N cycling processes may increase the potential for N2O emissions in IR compared with BR positions. Although most biochar studies have not accounted for within‐field soil variability, our results indicate that biochar may differentially affect soil N2O emissions depending on spatially distinct soil management history. Findings from this laboratory study stress the need for field research evaluating spatial differences in biochar N2O mitigation potential.Core Ideas
Ridge tillage and biochar effects on potential N losses assessed in soil column study.
N2O emissions increased for in‐row vs. between‐row positions, but not N leaching losses.
Biochar consistently decreased NO3− concentrations in soil solution and leachate.
Biochar decreased between‐row N2O emissions but increased in‐row emissions.
Field studies evaluating spatial variability of biochar N2O mitigation potential are needed.
Modal analysis of HPGe detector assembly in gamma-ray spectrometers
Authors: Jakovļevs Oļegs , Malgin Vladislav , Vība Jānis 
Published: December 2017

The HPGe detector assembly of gamma-ray spectrometer cooled by Stirling cycle cryocooler is under consideration. Modal analysis based on the compiled dynamic model was carried out. The natural frequencies and modes shapes for HPGe detector with relative efficiency 15 % mounted by supports made from composite G-Etronax and CESTILENE HD 1000 were calculated by Solidworks simulation. The frequencies of the axial mode are in range of 200-600 Hz where electrical interferences caused by mechanical vibrations (so-called microphone noise) has a large impact on the resolution of spectrometer. It is shown that for cryostat cap the lowest natural frequencies determined by the thickness of input window lay in higher frequency range. The validity of the adopted model was confirmed by the experiments. The calculated natural frequencies of the detector assembly are compared to the harmonics of cryocooler’s vibration. The results obtained are useful to identify the interferences source in electrical circuits of spectrometer at its adjusting.
Study on acoustic target strength characteristics of underwater composite rudder
Authors: Song Feng , Li Wei , Wang Mingsheng 
Published: December 2017

In order to investigate the acoustic behavior of composite material, in this paper, the acoustic target strength (TS) of rudders is obtained by combining the finite element method with the automatically matched layer technique. However, besides the composite material mentioned above, the considered materials of rudder models also include steel. In addition, the results of abeam direction and other angles are computed. Finally, the magnitude of abeam TS versus frequency shows that the acoustic scattering property of composite model is better than that of steel one when the frequency is higher than 1600 Hz. Moreover, the acoustic scattering properties are totally different when frequency is lower than 600 Hz for models with composite and steel materials. As for directivity patterns, the TS of composite model in each direction is lower than that of steel model at 3800 Hz, which matches the conclusions mentioned above.
The role of organic matter and clay content in sediments for bioavailability of pyrene
Authors: Spasojević Jelena , Maletić Snežana , Rončević Srđan , Grgić Marko , Krčmar Dejan , Varga Nataša , Dalmacija Božo 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Evaluation of the bioavailable fractions of organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is extremely important for assessing their risk to the environment. This available fraction, which can be solubilised and/or easily extracted, is believed to be the most accessible for bioaccumulation, biosorption and/or transformation. Sediment organic matter (OM) and clay play an important role in the biodegradation and bioavailability of PAHs. The strong association of PAHs with OM and clay in sediments has a great influence not only on their distribution but also on their long-term environmental impact. This paper investigates correlations between bioavailability and the clay and OM contents in sediments. The results show that OM is a better sorbent for pyrene (chosen as a model PAH) and that increasing the OM content reduces the bioavailable fraction. A mathematical model was used to predict the kinetic desorption, and these results showed that the sediment with the lowest content of OM had an Ffast value of 24%, whereas sediment with 20% OM gave a value of 9%. In the experiments with sediments with different clay contents, no clear dependence between clay and rate constants of the fast desorbing fractions was observed, which can be explained by the numerous possible interactions at the molecular level.
Pd Catalyzed N1/N4 Arylation of Piperazine for Synthesis of Drugs, Biological and Pharmaceutical Targets: An Overview of Buchwald Hartwig Amination Reaction of Piperazine in Drug Synthesis
Authors: Mishra Vaibhav , Chundawat Tejpal Singh 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Substituted piperazine heterocycles are among the most significant structural components
of pharmaceuticals. N1/N4 substituted piperazine containing drugs and biological targets are ranked 3rd
in the top most frequent nitrogen heterocycles in U.S. FDA approved drugs. The high demand of N1/N4 substituted
piperazine containing biologically active compounds and U.S. FDA approved drugs, has prompted the
development of Pd catalyzed C-N bond formation reactions for their synthesis. Buchwald-Hartwig reaction is
the key tool for the synthesis of these compounds.

Objective:
This review provides strategies for Pd catalyzed C-N bond formation at N1/N4 of piperazine in the
synthesis of drugs and biological targets with diverse use of catalyst-ligand system and reaction parameters.

Conclusion:
It is clear from the review that a vast amount of work has been done in the synthesis of N1/N4
substituted piperazine containing targets under the Pd catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination of aryl halides
by using different catalyst-ligand systems. These methods have become increasingly versatile as a result of innovation
in catalyst design and improvements in reaction conditions. This review gives an overview of recent
utilization of Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction in drug/target synthesis.
Biogenic Synthesized Ag/Au Nanoparticles: Production, Characterization, and Applications
Authors: Duran Nelson , Seabra Amedea B. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Bimetallic silver-gold nanoparticles (Ag/Au NPs) with different structures
have recently gained scientific attention due to their new and superior properties in comparison with
metallic NPs made from a single metal. Ag/Au NPs (alloy or core-shell structures) have been applied
to several biomedical, technological, and environmental applications. The potential applications of
Ag/Au NPs are widespread yet poorly investigated in comparison with monometallic NPs. Besides
traditional chemical and physical routes to synthesize bimetallic Ag/Au NPs, biogenic protocols are
considered cost-effective, simple, and environmentally friendly. Despite their simplicity, biogenic
routes to synthesize Ag/Au NPs are less explored than traditional synthetic protocols.

Methods:
In this context, we present a review and discuss recent progress in the preparation of
bimetallic Ag/Au NPs with different morphologies, structures, and size distributions using biogenic
synthetic protocols.

Results:
Biogenic synthesis using plant extracts, algae, bacteria, fungi, and other biological agents
are presented and discussed. The characterization and potential applications of biogenically synthesized
Ag/Au NPs in the different areas of medicine and biological applications, such as antibacterial,
anticandidal, anticancer, antidiabetes, and as sensors for clinical diagnosis are presented and discussed.

Conclusion:
Finally, challenges and drawbacks in the biological routes for the preparation of Ag/Au
NPs for industrial applications are also discussed.
Universos do conhecimento. Reflexões sobre a investigação narrativa na educação
Authors: Cruz Vásquez Gabriela , Arena Adriana Pastorello Buim 
Published: December 2017

O presente texto tem como objetivo oferecer ao leitor alguns apontamentos dos conceitos que envolvem a temática da investigação narrativa em educação e na pesquisa qualitativa. Quando se discute sobre esta modalidade de fazer investigação, há sempre dúvidas quanto a sua validade, geradas pela forte tradição positivista que predomina desde o nascimento do método científico. Com a intenção de complexificar a discussão sobre a natureza da pesquisa qualitativa, educativa e narrativa, este trabalho apoia-se em autores que problematizam os termos experiência, tempo, espaço, palavra e investigação narrativa, a partir da investigação e da literatura. Nas conclusões faz-se uma reflexão sobre a investigação narrativa como um giro metodológico qualitativo que possibilita uma rica geração de dados para o entendimento e a interpretação de níveis mais profundos da complexa subjetividade humana e da prática educativa.Palavras-chave: Experiência; Tempo-Espaço; Palavra; Investigação narrativa ABSTRACTThis text aims to offer the reader some notes about concepts involving the theme of narrative research in education and in qualitative research. When discussing this mode of doing research, there are always doubts about its validity, generated by a strong positivist tradition that prevails since the birth of the scientific method. With the intention to deepen the discussion on the nature of qualitative research, of an educational and narrative nature, this work is based on literary analysis and on authors who problematize the terms experience, time, space, word and narrative research. A reflection on the methodological qualities of narrative research is made in the conclusions, as a qualitative methodology that makes possible a rich generation of data for understanding and interpreting deeper levels of the complex human subjectivity and of the educative practice. Keywords: Experience; Time-Space; Word; Narrative research
As tecnologias digitais na aprendizagem das crianças e no envolvimento parental no Jardim de Infância: Estudo exploratório das necessidades das educadoras de infância
Authors: Laranjeiro Dionisia , Antunes Maria João , Santos Paula 
Published: December 2017

É cada vez mais comum o uso das tecnologias digitais por pais e educadores de infância para realizar atividades promotoras de aprendizagem com as crianças, tais como fazer uma pesquisa na Internet ou jogar um jogo didático. A conceção de uma plataforma tecnológica que promova a comunicação entre pais e educadores poderá potenciar o envolvimento parental na aprendizagem das crianças e criar novas dinâmicas no jardim de infância. Com este estudo, baseado em entrevistas a quatro educadoras, pretende-se averiguar como é utilizada a tecnologia no jardim de infância para realizar atividades com as crianças e para comunicar com os pais, de forma a facilitar o seu envolvimento. Também se pretende perceber como estas atividades podem ser ampliadas, usando uma plataforma digital com funcionalidades específicas. Os resultados indicam que a plataforma deve reunir informações oficiais do jardim de infância e das atividades realizadas com as crianças, contactos diretos dos pais, sugestões e links para recursos educacionais. Palavras-chave: Jardim de infância; TIC; Envolvimento parental; aprendizagem ABSTRACTDigital technologies are being increasingly used by parents and kindergarten teachers to perform learning activities with children, such as access the Internet, make an online search or play an educational game. The development of a technological platform that promotes communication and content sharing between parents and kindergarten teachers can enhance parental involvement in children’s learning and bring new dynamics to kindergarten classrooms. Based on interviews with four kindergarten teachers, this study aims to find out how they use technology in kindergartens to perform learning activities with children and share information with parents, in order to facilitate their involvement and participation. It also aims to understand how these activities could be expanded through the development of a digital platform with specific features. The results indicate that the platform should gather official information from the kindergarten and activities carried out with children, direct contacts of the parents, suggestions and links to educational resources.Keywords: Kindergarten; ICT; Parental involvement; Learning