bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferromagnetic mechanism in organic photovoltaic cells with closed-shell structures
Authors: Yang Liu , Han Shixuan , Ma Xiaolei , Qin Wei , Xie Shijie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe construct a model to reveal the spin polarization or ferromagnetism observed in organic composite nw-P3HT/C60 with closed-shell structures. Different from the organic ferromagnets with open-shell structures, the ferromagnetism of nw-P3HT/C60 comes from the charge transfers from the polymer to the small molecules. The transferred electrons become spin polarized and they are coupled together through the holes in the polymer. Finally, a ferromagnetic order appears in the pure organic composite. The magnetic moment of the system is mainly provided by the spin polarized small molecules. The magnetization is dependent upon the density of the transferred charges, which is consistent to our experimental observations. Our investigation also shows that some new spin phenomena may appear in excited states for organic semiconductors which is absent in the ground states.
Facile single-stranded DNA sequencing of human plasma DNA via thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase template switching
Authors: Wu Douglas C. , Lambowitz Alan M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHigh-throughput single-stranded DNA sequencing (ssDNA-seq) of cell-free DNA from plasma and other bodily fluids is a powerful method for non-invasive prenatal testing, and diagnosis of cancers and other diseases. Here, we developed a facile ssDNA-seq method, which exploits a novel template-switching activity of thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptases (TGIRTs) for DNA-seq library construction. This activity enables TGIRT enzymes to initiate DNA synthesis directly at the 3′ end of a DNA strand while simultaneously attaching a DNA-seq adapter without end repair, tailing, or ligation. Initial experiments using this method to sequence E. coli genomic DNA showed that the TGIRT enzyme has surprisingly robust DNA polymerase activity. Further experiments showed that TGIRT-seq of plasma DNA from a healthy individual enables analysis of nucleosome positioning, transcription factor-binding sites, DNA methylation sites, and tissues-of-origin comparably to established methods, but with a simpler workflow that captures precise DNA ends.
Linking persistent negative symptoms to amygdala–hippocampus structure in first-episode psychosis
Authors: Makowski C , Bodnar M , Shenker J J , Malla A K , Joober R , Chakravarty M M , Lepage M 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEarly persistent negative symptoms (PNS) following a first episode of psychosis (FEP) are linked to poor functional outcome. Reports of reduced amygdalar and hippocampal volumes in early psychosis have not accounted for heterogeneity of symptoms. Age is also seldom considered in this population, a factor that has the potential to uncover symptom-specific maturational biomarkers pertaining to volume and shape changes within the hippocampus and amygdala. T1-weighted volumes were acquired for early (N=21), secondary (N=30), non-(N=44) PNS patients with a FEP, and controls (N=44). Amygdalar–hippocampal volumes and surface area (SA) metrics were extracted with the Multiple Automatically Generated Templates (MAGeT)-Brain algorithm. Linear mixed models were applied to test for a main effect of group and age × group interactions. Early PNS patients had significantly reduced left amygdalar and right hippocampal volumes, as well as similarly lateralized negative age × group interactions compared to secondary PNS patients (P<0.017, corrected). Morphometry revealed decreased SA in early PNS compared with other patient groups in left central amygdala, and in a posterior region when compared with controls. Early and secondary PNS patients had significantly decreased SA as a function of age compared with patients without such symptoms within the right hippocampal tail (P<0.05, corrected). Significant amygdalar–hippocampal changes with age are linked to PNS after a FEP, with converging results from volumetric and morphometric analyses. Differential age trajectories suggest an aberrant maturational process within FEP patients presenting with PNS, which could represent dynamic endophenotypes setting these patients apart from their non-symptomatic peers. Studies are encouraged to parse apart such symptom constructs when examining neuroanatomical changes emerging after a FEP.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolizidines, Indolizidines and
Quinolizidines via a Double Reductive Cyclisation Protocol
Authors: Davies Stephen , Fletcher Ai , Roberts Paul , Thomson James 
Published: August 2017

This account describes an overview of the asymmetric syntheses of pyrrolizidines, indolizidines and quinolizidines via a common double reductive cyclisation protocol. The highly diastereoselective conjugate addition of an enantiopure lithium amide to an α,β-unsaturated ester incorporating a terminal C=C bond installed the nitrogen-bearing stereogenic centre and was followed by enolate functionalisation to introduce the second olefinic functionality. Alternatively, conjugate addition to the corresponding α-alkenyl α,β-unsaturated ester followed by α-protonation of the intermediate enolate may also be used to access the cyclisation precursor. After oxidation of the two terminal olefinic units to give the corresponding dialdehyde, tandem hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation was employed to efficiently construct the azabicyclic core of each target molecule. This double reductive cyclisation strategy was successfully utilised in the syntheses of 13 azabicyclic alkaloids or closely related analogues.1	Introduction2	Asymmetric Syntheses of (–)-Isoretronecanol and (–)-Trachelanthamidine3	Asymmetric Syntheses of (+)-Trachelanthamidine [(+)-Laburnine], (+)-Tashiromine and (+)-epi-Lupinine4	Asymmetric Syntheses of (–)-Hastanecine, (–)-Turneforcidine and (–)-Platynecine5	Asymmetric Syntheses of (–)-Macronecine, (–)-Petasinecine, (–)-1-epi-Macronecine, (+)-1-epi-Petasinecine and (+)-2-epi-Rosmarinecine6	Conclusion
Effects of Notchplasty on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ranuccio Francesco , Familiari Filippo , Tedesco Giuseppe , La Camera Francesco , Gasparini Giorgio 
Published: August 2017

Purpose Notchplasty is a complementary surgical procedure often performed during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with the aim to widen the intercondylar notch and to avoid graft impingement. The aim of this review was to analyze the current literature evidence concerning the effects of notchplasty on clinical outcome after primary ACLR.
Methods Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and MEDLINE were used to search English language studies, from January 1990 to July 2015, concerning the effects of the notchplasty on ACLR, using the following keywords: “ACL” OR “anterior cruciate ligament” OR “ACL reconstruction” OR “anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction” AND “notch” OR “notchplasty” OR “intercondylar notch”. Randomized and nonrandomized trials, case series, technical notes, biomechanical studies and radiological study were included.
Results At the final screening 16 studies were included. Despite widely used, the usefulness of notchplasty during ACLR remains unclear. Some concerns emerged regarding potential harmful effects of notchplasty, mostly related to the knee biomechanics and postoperative blood loss. Notchplasty can be useful in the treatment of arthrofibrosis and in presence of bony spurs of the notch both in primary and revision surgery. However, the level of evidence of available literature is poor and there is a strong need for randomized controlled trials investigating the role of notchplasty on ACLR.
Conclusion We suggest being aware of potential complications following notchplasty during ACLR before deciding to perform notchplasty in primary ACLR, reserving it for the surgical management of arthrofibrosis, treatment of notch osteophytosis and revision ACLR.
Level of Evidence Level IV, systematic review of level II-IV studies.
Die E-Zigarette: mit Volldampf ins Abenteuer?
Authors: Rüther Tobias 
Published: August 2017

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,die Tabakabhängigkeit ist immer noch die Suchterkrankung, die weltweit die meisten durch Tod oder Behinderung verlorenen Lebensjahre produziert. Durch eine gute Tabakkontrollpolitik sowie evidenzbasierte psychotherapeutische und medikamentöse Therapiemöglichkeiten ist es gelungen, die Raucherprävalenz in den letzten Jahren deutlich zu senken. Seit einigen Jahren katapultiert sich nun ein neues Inhalationsprodukt auf den Markt: die E-Zigarette.
Positionspapier: Suchtmedizinische und gesundheitspolitische Chancen und Risiken durch den Gebrauch von E-Zigaretten
Authors: Rüther Tobias , Backmund Markus , Bischof Gallus , Lange Nikolaus , Missel Peter , Preuß Ulrich , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen , Thomasius Rainer , Batra Anil 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Positionspapier der Dachgesellschaft Sucht (Deutsche Suchtgesellschaft – Dachverband der Suchtfachgesellschaften (DSG)) sollen einige Punkte in der aktuellen Diskussion um die E-Zigarette besonders hervorgehoben werden: Empfehlungen zur Risikoreduktion, Verwendung bei der Tabakentwöhnung, Regulierung analog der Tabakkontrollmaßnahmen, Prävention sowie zur Forschung werden gegeben. Generell kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass in Relation zum konventionellen Zigarettenrauch die Schädlichkeit des Aerosols der E-Zigarette um ein Vielfaches geringer ist und die E-Zigarette bei der Tabakentwöhnung eingesetzt werden kann, wenn leitliniengerechte psychotherapeutische und/oder medikamentöse Maßnahmen zur Tabakentwöhnung nicht wirksam sind oder nicht gewünscht werden. Das Gefährdungspotenzial der E-Zigarette und ihr Einsatz zur Risikominimierung oder zur Tabakentwöhnung müssen jedoch weiter erforscht werden.
Redox variations in Mauna Kea lavas, the oxygen fugacity of the Hawaiian plume, and the role of volcanic gases in Earth’s oxygenation
Authors: Brounce Maryjo , Stolper Edward , Eiler John 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Volcanic degassing at Mauna Kea volcanoes decreases the oxidation state of both Fe and S in the magmas, consistent with recent results from Kilauea volcano. The least degassed magmas from Mauna Kea are more oxidized than midocean ridge basalt magmas, possibly due to plate tectonic cycling of material from the oxidized surface to the deep mantle, which is then returned to the surface as a component of buoyant plumes. If the degassing trend observed for Mauna Kea applies to basaltic systems more broadly, decompression does not lead to significant changes in the reducing capacity of the exsolved gases and thus cannot explain the rise of oxygen at the Archean/Proterozoic boundary.
Dual-reporter SERS-based biomolecular assay with reduced false-positive signals
Authors: Chuong Tracy T , Pallaoro Alessia , Chaves Chelsea A. , Li Zhe , Lee Joun , Eisenstein Michael , Stucky Galen D. , Moskovits Martin , Soh H. Tom 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Whereas new biomolecular assays are continually being developed to achieve higher detection sensitivities, specificity is often the primary factor limiting an assay’s detection threshold—especially in single-label/signal amplification-based assays. This paper describes a sensitive and quantitative protein detection method that makes use of a dual-reporter approach with enhanced ability to distinguish true positives from false positives. This strategy gives rise to excellent sensitivity and accuracy of measurement, even for low target protein concentrations in complex biological samples.
Large numbers of explanatory variables, a semi-descriptive analysis
Authors: Cox D. R. , Battey H. S. 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceData with a small number of study individuals and a large number of potential explanatory features arise particularly in genomics. Existing methods of analysis result in a single model, but other sparse choices of explanatory features may fit virtually equally well. Our primary aim is essentially a set of acceptable simple representations. The method allows the assessment of anomalies, such as nonlinearities and interactions.
Mapping of human brown adipose tissue in lean and obese young men
Authors: Leitner Brooks P. , Huang Shan , Brychta Robert J. , Duckworth Courtney J. , Baskin Alison S. , McGehee Suzanne , Tal Ilan , Dieckmann William , Gupta Garima , Kolodny Gerald M. , Pacak Karel , Herscovitch Peter , Cypess Aaron M. , Chen Kong Y. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is currently being explored as a target for the treatment of obesity and diabetes after repeated demonstrations on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of its ability to metabolize glucose following acute cold exposure. Measurement of whole-body BAT volume, activity, and distribution is difficult because brown adipocytes are structurally commingled among white adipose tissue, muscle, and blood vessels. Thus, BAT’s potential contribution to metabolism remains unclear. To address this, we have identified several refinements to improve current PET/CT analyses and demonstrated their impact in healthy lean vs. obese individuals. Using the refined technique, we defined whole-body BAT distribution and estimated its metabolic capacity and found that it is substantially higher than usually reported.
Early cytoplasmic uncoating is associated with infectivity of HIV-1
Authors: Mamede João I. , Cianci Gianguido C. , Anderson Meegan R. , Hope Thomas J. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
After fusion, HIV delivers its capsid formed of CA proteins into the cytoplasm. The regulated disassembly of the capsid (uncoating) is critical to the timely exposure of the viral genome and infection. The timing of this process is controversial. Utilizing an intravirion GFP fluid phase marker with a live-cell imaging approach, where we use less than one virion per cell, we demonstrate that the uncoating of HIV-1 particles is an early cytoplasmic process taking place ∼30 minutes after fusion, and dependent on ongoing reverse transcription. Early uncoating is observed in culture cells, primary T cells, and macrophages with either HIV or pseudotyped envelope. Partial CA retention with the viral complex facilitates late CA functions, including nuclear import and integration site selection.
On the mechanism of long-range orientational order of fibroblasts
Authors: Li Xuefei , Balagam Rajesh , He Ting-Fang , Lee Peter P. , Igoshin Oleg A. , Levine Herbert 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Long-range alignment patterns of fibroblasts have been observed both in vivo and in vitro. However, there has not been much understanding of the underlying mechanism. In this work, we show that these patterns cannot be simply explained by their steric interactions with one another during collisions. Instead, we propose that fibroblasts may collectively align through nonlocal interactions arising from their modification of an underlying ECM. The proposed mechanism explains the observed coalignment between fibroblasts and collagen fibers around tumors and can be tested in future experiments that can image the dynamics of this pattern formation in vivo or in vitro.
Organotypic models of type III interferon-mediated protection from Zika virus infections at the maternal–fetal interface
Authors: Corry Jacqueline , Arora Nitin , Good Charles A. , Sadovsky Yoel , Coyne Carolyn B. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Little is known about the specific mechanisms by which viruses associated with congenital disease, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), breach the placental barrier to access the fetal compartment. This is at least in part because of the lack of appropriate systems to model the unique properties of human placental syncytiotrophoblasts, which form a key cellular interface between the maternal and fetal compartments. Here, we describe the development of new organotypic models of human syncytiotrophoblasts that can be used to study the innate defense mechanisms used by these cells to restrict ZIKV infection at various stages of human gestation. These models can be used to study the mechanisms of ZIKV vertical transmission, the development of ZIKV diagnostics, and the testing of anti-ZIKV therapeutics.
BACE inhibition-dependent repair of Alzheimer’s pathophysiology
Authors: Keskin Aylin D. , Kekuš Maja , Adelsberger Helmuth , Neumann Ulf , Shimshek Derya R. , Song Beomjong , Zott Benedikt , Peng Tingying , Förstl Hans , Staufenbiel Matthias , Nelken Israel , Sakmann Bert , Konnerth Arthur , Busche Marc Aurel 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) proteins in the brain contributes to Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Reducing Aβ by inhibiting its production with a β-secretase (BACE) inhibitor represents a novel mechanism for treating AD; however, whether this therapeutic strategy is capable of repairing impaired brain circuits associated with AD is unknown. Here we demonstrate that BACE inhibition is beneficial to all levels of impairment in an AD mouse model: cellular, long-range circuitry, and memory. We provide evidence that the rescue is dependent on the reduction of soluble forms of Aβ surrounding amyloid plaques. These results have mechanistic and therapeutic implications for AD, including Aβ-related memory defects.
Identification of the Tau phosphorylation pattern that drives its aggregation
Authors: Despres Clément , Byrne Cillian , Qi Haoling , Cantrelle François-Xavier , Huvent Isabelle , Chambraud Béatrice , Baulieu Etienne-Emile , Jacquot Yves , Landrieu Isabelle , Lippens Guy , Smet-Nocca Caroline 
Published: August 2017

Significance
In Alzheimer’s disease, the microtubule-associated protein Tau is invariably found in a hyperphosphorylated and aggregated form. Whether (hyper)phosphorylation can drive aggregation is less clear, and no precise phosphorylation pattern leading to aggregation has been described. Combining in vitro phosphorylation assays with purified kinases and a rat brain extract with the analytical power of NMR spectroscopy, we unravel here the phosphorylation pattern of Tau that drives its aggregation. The results point to the importance of this posttranslational modification in Tau's aggregation and suggest orienting therapeutic strategies toward phosphorylated Tau.
Mechanism of DNA alkylation-induced transcriptional stalling, lesion bypass, and mutagenesis
Authors: Xu Liang , Wang Wei , Wu Jiabin , Shin Ji Hyun , Wang Pengcheng , Unarta Ilona Christy , Chong Jenny , Wang Yinsheng , Wang Dong 
Published: August 2017

Significance
DNA alkylation represents a major form of DNA damage that is of high clinical and human health relevance; however, the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional lesion recognition, stalling, and bypass remain unknown. Herein, we carried out a comprehensive investigation to compare the effects of three regioisomeric EtdT lesions on transcription. Intriguingly, we found that the location of alkyl group dictates transcriptional stalling profile and lesion bypass routes, and we identified a novel minor-groove–sensing motif, termed Pro-Gate, which plays an important role in detecting the minor-groove lesion. This work provides important mechanistic insights into DNA alkylation-induced transcriptional stalling and mutagenesis. Our study also provides knowledge about cancer etiology and for the future design of effective cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Chaperonin GroEL accelerates protofibril formation and decorates fibrils of the Het-s prion protein
Authors: Wälti Marielle A. , Schmidt Thomas , Murray Dylan T. , Wang Huaibin , Hinshaw Jenny E. , Clore G. Marius 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The interaction of amyloids with chaperones, a large group of proteins responsible for proteostasis, is thought to play a significant role in the etiology of amyloidosis. Here, we study the interaction of the model chaperonin GroEL with a model amyloid protein, the prion domain of Het-s, by using NMR and EPR spectroscopies and electron and atomic force microscopies. We show that GroEL accelerates protofibril formation, eventually leading to the formation of fibrils densely decorated by GroEL. This type of chaperone–amyloid interaction may serve to reduce the toxicity of amyloidogenic oligomers and target the fully formed fibrils for rapid elimination by facilitating in vivo clearance.
Seabed Habitat Determines Fish and Macroinvertebrate Community Associations in a Subarctic Marine Coastal Nursery
Authors: Dalley Kate L. , Gregory Robert S. , Morris Corey J. , Cote David 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFish exhibit habitat‐specific distributions in heterogeneous landscapes. Many sampling techniques are limited to specific seabed types and have limited utility in comparisons of fish abundance among multiple habitats. We measured the relative abundance and the composition of fish communities in four naturally occurring coastal marine seabed types (sand–pebble, cobble, bedrock, and eelgrass) and one anthropogenic habitat type (wharf) in Newman Sound, Newfoundland, Canada, by using baited video cameras. Fish and macroinvertebrate communities were significantly different among habitat types. Winter Flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua, and Shorthorn Sculpin Myoxocephalus scorpius were significantly more abundant over sand–pebble substrate compared with bedrock and wharf sites. Cunners Tautogolabrus adspersus and Greenland Cod Gadus macrocephalus ogac were most abundant at wharf sites. Atlantic rock crabs Cancer irroratus and American lobsters Homarus americanus avoided sand–pebble seabeds, and American lobsters were almost exclusive to bedrock sites. Cunners, Winter Flounder, and Atlantic Cod were more abundant in summer, whereas Greenland Cod and Atlantic rock crabs were more abundant during autumn months. In paired comparisons of eelgrass habitats, the community sampled by two methods was different. Relative abundance estimates from baited video cameras matched beach seine estimates for abundant predatory species (e.g., Cunner, Greenland Cod, and Atlantic rock crab), but other species, including age‐0 Greenland Cod, Shorthorn Sculpin, and White Hake Urophycis tenuis, were better represented in beach seine samples. We demonstrated substrate preferences by common coastal marine fish and crab species, which have proven difficult to enumerate via active sampling techniques in the past. Our findings will facilitate comparative studies for these species among habitat components. For species that are well sampled by using baited video cameras, this technique will advance our ability to plan for their management in the nearshore.
Effectiveness of Dry Cell Microscopic Simulation (DCMS) to Promote Conceptual Understanding about Battery
Authors: Wibowo Firmanul Catur , Suhandi Andi , Rusdiana Dadi , Samsudin Achmad , Darman Dina Rahmi , Faizin M. Noor , Wiyanto  , Supriyatman  , Permanasari Anna , Kaniawati Ida , Setiawan Wawan , Karyanto Yudi , Linuwih Suharto , Fatah Abdul , Subali Bambang , Hasani Aceng , Hidayat Sholeh 
Published: August 2017

AbstractElectricity is a concept that is abstract and difficult to see by eye directly, one example electric shock, but cannot see the movement of electric current so that students have difficulty by students. A computer simulation designed to improve the understanding of the concept of the workings of the dry cell (battery). This study was conducted to 82 students (aged 18-20 years) in the experimental group by learning to use the Dry Cell Microscopic Simulation (DCMS). The result shows the improving of students’ conceptual understanding scores from post test were statistically significantly of the workings of batteries. The implication using computer simulations designed to overcome the difficulties of conceptual understanding, can effectively help students in facilitating conceptual change.