bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activating Invasion and Metastasis in Small Cell Lung Cancer: Role of the Tumour Immune Microenvironment and Mechanisms of Vasculogenesis, Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition, Cell Migration, and Organ Tropism
Authors: He Carl 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) harbours the most aggressive phenotype of all lung cancers to correlate with its bleak prognosis. The aggression of SCLC is partially attributable to its strong metastatic tendencies. The biological processes facilitating the metastasis in SCLC are still poorly understood and garnering a deeper understanding of these processes may enable the exploration of additional targets against this cancer hallmark in the treatment of SCLC.Recent FindingsThis narrative review will discuss the proposed molecular mechanisms by which the cancer hallmark of activating invasion and metastasis is featured in SCLC through important steps of the metastatic pathway, and address the various molecular targets that may be considered for therapeutic intervention. The tumour immune microenvironment plays an important role in facilitating immunotherapy resistance, whilst the poor infiltration of natural killer cells in particular fosters a pro‐metastatic environment in SCLC. SCLC vasculogenesis is achieved through VEGF expression and vascular mimicry, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition is facilitated by the expression of the transcriptional repressors of E‐cadherin, the suppression of the Notch signalling pathway and tumour heterogeneity. Nuclear factor I/B, selectin and B1 integrin hold important roles in SCLC migration, whilst various molecular markers are expressed by SCLC to assist organ‐specific homing during metastasis. The review will also discuss a recent article observing miR‐1 mRNA upregulation as a potential therapeutic option in targeting the metastatic activity of SCLC.ConclusionTreatment of SCLC remains a clinical challenge due to its recalcitrant and aggressive nature. Amongst the many hallmarks used by SCLC to enable its aggressive behaviour, that of its ability to invade surrounding tissue and metastasise is particularly notable and understanding the molecular mechanisms in SCLC metastasis can identify therapeutic targets to attenuate SCLC aggression and improve mortality.
Cytokine Release Syndrome Associated With Immune‐Modulating Chemotherapy: Potential Mitigating Role of Intravenous Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Triglycerides
Authors: Driscoll David F. , Bistrian Bruce R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatient susceptibility to cytokine release syndrome (CRS) resulting from immune‐modulating chemotherapy has profound implications for clinical outcome. This is particularly true for patients receiving CAR T‐cell therapy. First‐line pharmacotherapy for CRS includes the administration of the IL‐6 receptor‐binding monoclonal antibody tocilizumab, or tocilizumab and corticosteroids. Other agents, such as siltuximab, anakinra, and dasatinab are also being explored for refractory cases of CRS. This review summarizes the potential role of omega‐3 fatty acids, that is, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at ameliorating CRS in cancer patients receiving immune‐modulating chemotherapy, and is compared with current treatment strategies to reduce the severity of the inflammatory response.Recent FindingsSelective blockade of specific proinflammatory mediators (e.g., IL‐6) is effective, but carries a significant risk of serious opportunistic infections. In contrast, omega‐3 fatty acids affect multiple triggers underlying the inflammatory response (i.e., prostaglandins, leukotrienes, transcription factors, and specialized proresolving molecules), and its major limitation is avoidance of hypertriglyceridemia, which can be managed by reducing the rate of intravenous administration. This discussion proposes a novel approach by continuous infusion of omega‐3 fatty acids to modulate the intensity of the severe systemic inflammatory response from CRS. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential clinical benefits of a specialized omega‐3 fatty acids dosage form to mitigate the severity of CRS as a hypothetical alternative to current treatment.ConclusionOptimizing the formulation, for example, enriched fish oil that meets drug concentration standards for EPA and DHA, a continuous infusion rate, reductions in long‐chain saturated fatty acids concentrations, and addition of medium‐chain triglycerides to improve EPA + DHA utilization and physical stability are key pharmaceutical factors. This may result in a safer and more effective option than targeted abrogation of cytokines and consequent risks of adverse drug reactions, but will require formal study in randomized control trials in humans.
Factors Determining the Selectivity of NO Reduction Catalyzed by Copper‐Vanadium Oxide Cluster Anions Cu2VO3−5−
Authors: Wang Si‐Dun , Liu Yi , Ma Tong‐Mei , Li Xiao‐Na , He Sheng‐Gui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCatalytic NO reduction by CO is imperative to satisfy the increasingly rigorous emission regulations. Identifying the structural characteristic of crucial intermediate that governs the selectivity of NO reduction is pivotal to having a fundamental understanding on real‐life catalysis. Herein, benefiting from the state‐of‐the‐art mass spectrometry, we demonstrated experimentally that the Cu2VO3–5− clusters can mediate the catalysis of NO reduction by CO, and two competitive channels to generate N2O and N2 can co‐exist. Quantum‐chemical calculations were performed to rationalize this selectivity. The formation of the ONNO unit on the Cu2 dimer was demonstrated to be a precursor from which two pathways of NO reduction start to emerge. In the pathway of N2O generation, only the Cu2 dimer was oxidized and the VO3 moiety functions as a “support”, while both moieties have to contribute to anchor oxygen atoms from the ONNO unit and then N2 can be generated. This finding displays a clear picture to elucidate how and why the involvement of VO3 “support” can regulate the selectivity of NO reduction.
Temporal Directionality Between Symptoms During Treatment of Depressed Inpatients: A Dynamic Time Warp Network Analysis
Authors: Cocx‐Swiebel Daphne A. , van Son Gabrielle , Scheper Anita , Stuivenga Mirella , Sabbe Bernard , Hebbrecht Kaat , Giltay Erik J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDepression is generally perceived from the perspective of the common‐cause disease model. However, the network perspective assumes mutual influence of individual symptoms and stresses the importance of investigating symptom dynamics. Gaining a better understanding of symptom dynamics within individuals might contribute to more effective treatments.MethodsCurrent exploratory longitudinal research studied the associations and directionality between 43 symptoms from the generic questionnaire Symptom Questionnaire‐48 (SQ‐48) using dynamic time warp (DTW) analyses, in which trajectories with similar time‐dependent patterns can be identified. Data from individuals were analysed first, yielding distance matrices for all symptom trajectories, after which the data were aggregated.ResultsThe 148 included patients were all admitted for the treatment of their clinical depression. Undirected DTW analyses of three patients with longer time series but otherwise randomly chosen showed large variability among individuals. Group‐level undirected DTW analyses showed numerous significant edges between symptoms, largely clustering symptoms according to the eight pre‐existing subscales of the SQ‐48. Group‐level directed DTW analyses showed five symptoms with significant outstrength: ‘hopeless’, ‘restless’, ‘down/depressed’, ‘feeling tense’ and ‘no enjoyment’, meaning that change in these key symptoms preceded change in other symptoms.LimitationsThe 43 included symptoms of the SQ‐48 primarily focus on internalizing problems in severely depressed inpatients, potentially limiting generalizability.ConclusionsDTW networks provided us with five key symptoms based on the dynamics of symptom scores. Future studies could explore whether process‐based therapy targeted at symptoms with high outstrength might result in more effectivity as part of personalized treatment.
Assessing Patient Satisfaction With Metacognitive Training (MCT) for Psychosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Acuña Vanessa , Cavieres Álvaro , Arancibia Marcelo , Escobar Camila , Moritz Steffen , Gaweda Lukasz , Lamarca María , Berna Fabrice , König Caroline , Ochoa Susana 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesMetacognitive training (MCT) for psychosis is a group intervention that combines cognitive‐behavioural therapy and psychoeducation. It has proven efficacy in reducing psychotic symptoms and correcting cognitive biases implicated in the development and maintenance of psychotic symptoms. However, other outcomes, such as patient satisfaction with the intervention, have not been well studied despite their importance for adherence and overall success. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was conducted to assess satisfaction with MCT among adults with psychotic spectrum disorders.MethodsThe search was conducted in Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool were followed, and certainty of evidence was ascertained using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. The study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023418097).ResultsPatient satisfaction was considered the primary outcome in 3 of the 10 studies reviewed. Four studies compared MCT with other psychosocial interventions (a newspaper discussion group, cognitive remediation and supportive therapy), two of which found significantly higher satisfaction with MCT. A high percentage of all patients found MCT comprehensible and considered it an important part of their treatment; they would recommend the training to others and found the group setting advantageous. Most participants expressed high subjective satisfaction or acceptance of MCT.ConclusionsThe authors found evidence that MCT may be associated with high levels of satisfaction in clinical trials whose main objective is to assess patient satisfaction, but more research is needed to consolidate the findings, especially for the extended version of MCT.
Luminescent Pentacene‐Loaded Carbon Nanodots with Red‐Light Triggered Photothermal and Photosensitizing Properties
Authors: Forte Giuseppe , Consoli Grazia M. L. , Ferreri Loredana , Maugeri Ludovica , Foti Alice , Satriano Cristina , Fangano Giorgia , Petralia Salvatore 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of multifunctional nanosystems for photo‐induced hyperthermia and photodynamic effect is a challenging topic in the research of advanced materials for application in biomedical field. Here, we report red‐luminescent carbon‐nanodots (CDs‐PNM/PTC) derived from entrapment of pentacene (PTC) in nanodots prepared from poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) polymer (CDs‐PNM) by an easy and reagent‐free method. The CD‐PNM/PTC nanosystem was characterized by different techniques (UV‐Vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence, NMR, AFM). Molecular modelling investigations were performed to unveil stability, structures and energy of the CD‐PNM/PTC supramolecular adducts at 298 K and 315 K. The nanosized CDs‐PNM/PTC exhibited excellent water‐dispersibility, good photothermal conversion efficiency and photosensitizing effect at 680 nm. No significant toxicity and eukaryotic cell uptake are features that open to potential applications in photothermal‐photodynamic treatments.
Antecedents and consequences of environmental, social, and governance: A bibliometric analysis based on the Web of Science database
Authors: Liu Manzhi , Lu Jia , Zhao Chen , Luo Jie , Liu Qiyao , Wang Hui , Fang Shuting , Yang Yaxin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSince the concept of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) was introduced in 2004, countries worldwide have been promoting sustainable ESG principles. Based on reviewing the literature in the field of ESG between 2006 and 2023, this paper analyses the concept of ESG, its theoretical perspectives and its research areas, and then systematically constructs a detailed architectural map of the development history of ESG and its impact. By sorting out the current status of cooperation and hot topics in the ESG literature, this paper comprehensively explores the latest progress of research in the field of ESG. The study finds that (1) the concept of ESG has been gradually integrated into corporate research and investment frameworks; (2) more than half of the research focus (58.55%) is on the field of business economics; (3) the most common keywords in the ESG literature include. “corporate social responsibility”, “impact”, “performance.”
Enhanced Methanol Electrooxidation and Supercapacitive Performance via Compositional Engineering of Colloidal Ni‐Co Alloying Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Junshan , Ma Yi , Yu Jing , Li Luming , Yang Honghui , Gu Wei , Shi Jiao , Wang Jun , Zhu Yongfa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAmong renewable energy technologies, particular attention is paid to electrochemically transforming methanol into valuable formate and storing energy into supercapacitors. In this study, we detailed a simple colloidal‐based protocol for synthesizing a series of alloy nanoparticles with tuned Ni/Co atomic ratios, thereby optimizing their electrochemical performance. With the addition of 1 M methanol in 1 M KOH, the optimized composition was able to electrochemically produce formate at 0.149 mmol cm−2 h−1 with a Faradaic efficiency up to 95.1 % at 0.6 V versus Hg/HgO within a 22 h testing period. In 1 M KOH solution without methanol, the supercapacitive performance was achieved at a specific capacitance of over 1500 F g−1, and outstanding cycling stability with only approximately 20 % decay after continuous 10000 charging‐discharging cycles. These results underscore that the prepared Ni−Co alloy nanoparticles serve as multi‐functional electrodes for electrochemical energy conversion and storage, particularly in the MOR and supercapacitors applications.
Hydrogen‐Bond‐Assisted Electrocatalytic Semi‐Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5‐Diformylfuran by Operando Dissociated N‐Oxyl Mediator
Authors: Yin Ying , Lv Ximeng , Lv Zhuoran , Fang Lei , Fan Tao , Wang Man , Chen Ziyang , Lyu Naixin , Gou Gaozhang , Zhang Lijuan , Zheng Gengfeng , Li Liangchun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe conversion of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) is a promising approach for enhancing biomass utilization. Nevertheless, traditional methods using noble metal catalysts face challenges due to high costs and poor selectivity towards DFF. Herein, we developed a novel catalytic electrode integrating N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) into a metal‐organic framework on a hydrophilic carbon cloth. This design significantly enhances the selective adsorption of HMF due to stronger hydrogen‐bond interaction between the electrode's hydrophilic surface and the C(sp3)−OH group in HMF compared to the C(sp2)=O in DFF. Additionally, the electro‐driven dissociation of the NHPI‐linker generates stabilized N‐Oxyl radicals that promote selective semi‐oxidation of HMF under neutral conditions. As a result, this approach achieves a high yield rate of 138.2 mol molcat−1 h−1 with a selectivity of 96.7 % for the HMF‐to‐DFF conversion. This work introduces a novel strategy for designing catalytic electrodes with stabilized N‐Oxyl radicals, and offers a promising method for electrocatalytic DFF synthesis, leveraging hydrogen‐bond interaction between electrode surface and HMF.
State‐of‐the‐Art Light‐Driven Hydrogen Generation from Formic Acid and Utilization in Enzymatic Hydrogenations
Authors: Peng Yong , Sakoleva Thaleia , Rockstroh Nils , Bartling Stephan , Schoenmakers Pierre , Lim Guiyeoul , Wei Duo , Bayer Thomas , Dörr Mark , Böttcher Dominique , Lauterbach Lars , Junge Henrik , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Beller Matthias 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA concept of combining photocatalytically generated hydrogen with green enzymatic reductions is demonstrated. The developed photocatalytic formic acid (FA) dehydrogenation setup based on Pt(x)@TiO2 shows stable hydrogen generation activity, which is two orders of magnitude higher than reported values of state‐of‐the‐art systems. Mechanistic studies confirm that hydrogen generation proceeds via a photocatalytic pathway, which is entirely different from purely thermal reaction mechanisms previously reported. The viability of the presented approach is demonstrated by the synthesis of value‐added compounds 3‐phenylpropanal and (2R, 5S)‐dihydrocarvone at ambient pressure and room temperature, which should be applicable for many other hydrogenation processes, e. g., for the preparation of flavours and fragrance compounds, as well as pharmaceuticals.
Research on Cascaded On‐Board DC/DC Converter Based on Three‐Phase Interleaved LLC
Authors: Zhou Kai , Zheng Xu , Liu Yang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe on‐board DC/DC converter proposed in this research consists of a Buck converter and a three‐phase interleaved LLC resonant converter. This paper analyzes the average current and output current ripple characteristics of the rear‐stage converter in addition to explaining the topology and working principles of the front‐stage Buck converter and the rear‐stage three‐phase interleaved LLC resonant converter. To establish a single‐phase fundamental equivalent circuit for the rear‐stage converter, apply the fundamental wave analysis method, and it is essential for comprehending the impact of relevant system parameters on voltage gain characteristics and resonant operating regions. Conducting research on the two‐stage on‐board DC/DC converter's control strategy involves establishing small‐signal circuit models for both front and rear stage converters, derivation of parameters for double closed‐loop control, and determination of the control strategy employing phase‐shifted current sharing for the rear‐stage converter in cases where significant tolerance exists in resonant components. The simulation for a two‐stage on‐board DC/DC converter results indicates that under various conditions of resonant component tolerance, the converter is capable of achieving balanced phase currents and demonstrates minimal output current ripple prior to capacitor filtering. A 1.5‐kW experimental prototype has been fabricated, and the experimental findings indicate that the output voltage remains stable at 13.8 V despite fluctuations in input voltage. The highest efficiency of the prototype is about 96.27%, and the utilization of phase‐shifting current balancing control results in a notable reduction in output current ripple. This provides more evidence that the design of a two‐stage on‐board DC/DC converter is correct.
Developing messenger RNA biomarkers: A workflow to characterise and identify transcript target sequences unaffected by alternative splicing for reproducible gene transcript quantification by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Padhi Bhaja Krushna , Pelletier Guillaume 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMost eukaryotic genes generate multiple messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript variants by alternative splicing. The incomplete annotation of gene transcripts in genomic databases can result in improper primer design, adversely affecting the reliability of gene expression measurements by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Hence, we present a workflow combining bioinformatics analyses, to select two to three evolutionarily conserved constitutive exons in rats, mice and humans as target sequences for PCR primer design, with experimental RT‐PCR amplification and amplicon sequencing to confirm the expression and identity of gene transcript targets. The application of this workflow to the characterization of neurodevelopmental biomarker genes identified an unannotated exon in the rat Map2 gene, illustrating the importance of target sequence validation for the development of translational mRNA biomarkers for toxicological and biomedical studies.
Ganaxolone Therapy After Preterm Birth Restores Cerebellar Oligodendrocyte Maturation and Myelination in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Pavy Carlton L. , Shaw Julia C. , Dyson Rebecca M. , Palliser Hannah K. , Moloney Roisin A. , Sixtus Ryan P. , Berry Mary J. , Hirst Jonathan J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe postnatal environment is challenging for the preterm neonate with exposure to hypoxic and excitotoxic events, amplified by premature loss of placentally derived neurosteroids. Between preterm birth and term equivalent age (TEA), cerebellar development continues despite these challenges. We hypothesize that neurosteroid replacement therapy during this time will support optimal cerebellar development. Guinea pig sows delivered at term (∼69 days gestation) or were induced to deliver preterm (∼62 days), with preterm pups receiving ganaxolone or vehicle until TEA. Postnatal assessments comprised salivary cortisol (corrected postnatal age [CPA] 0, 7, 38), behavioral analysis (CPA7, 38), and tissue collection (CPA0 and CPA40). Neurodevelopmental markers (MBP, Olig2, and NeuN) were assessed in the cerebellum by immunohistochemistry, whereas RT‐PCR was utilized to investigate key inhibitory/excitatory pathways and oligodendrocyte lineage markers. Following preterm birth, there was evidence of a hyperactive phenotype, increased salivary cortisol concentrations, and impaired myelination and oligodendrocyte maturation at the protein level. mRNA expressions of key inhibitory/excitatory pathways and myelin stability were also altered following preterm birth. Importantly, we showed that neurosteroid replacement therapy returns cerebellar development and behavior toward a term‐like phenotype. Therefore, ganaxolone may reduce the vulnerability of the cerebellum to postnatal challenges arising from preterm birth.