bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Termination-of-Pregnancy Rights and Foetal Interests in Continued Existence in South Africa: The Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act 92 of 1996
Authors: Pickles Camilla 
Published: June 2017

The aim of this article is to demonstrate that, although South Africa has permissive termination-of-pregnancy legislation, to the extent that women can terminate first- and second-trimester pregnancies on demand and for socio-economic reasons, foetal interests are in fact taken into account. The system of female reproductive rights progressively shelters foetal interests, albeit to a limited extent. South Africa is in the process of successfully balancing the conflicting notions of female reproductive rights and foetal interests. The article discusses the "right to terminate a pregnancy" with reference to the Constitution, the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act 92 of 1996 and relevant case law.

On the topic of foetal interests, the article looks at the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act as legislative recognition of foetal interests since a woman's right to terminate her pregnancy is progressively limited as the pregnancy advances beyond the second trimester. The value of dignity justifies the recognition of foetal interests. Further, accepting that the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act limitedly protects foetal interests based on the value of dignity, the article questions why South Africa permits elective second trimester termination of pregnancies? Research indicates a need for second trimester terminations and the article discusses the position of a number of women seeking second trimester terminations.

The article draws to an end by looking at the case of S v Mshumpa as an example of the balancing process that is needed when dealing with female reproductive rights and foetal interests. This article demonstrates the constitutional setting of women's termination-of-pregnancy rights on the one hand, and foetal interests on the other. Further, it illustrates that these conflicting positions, rather than being deepened, are in fact balanced by legislation and relevant case law.
Mootness and the Approach to Costs Awards in Constitutional Litigation: A Review of Christian Roberts V Minister of Social Development Case No 32838/05 (2010) (TPD)
Authors: Heleba Siyambonga 
Published: June 2017

After nearly three years of waiting, the North Gauteng High Court (then the Pretoria High Court) finally handed down judgment in March 2010 in the case of Christian Roberts v Minister of Social Development.[1] The case was a constitutional challenge to section 10 of the Social Assistance Act 13 of 2004 and the relevant Regulations, which set the age for accessing an old age grant at 60 for women and 65 for men. After the hearing the High Court had reserved judgment. Pending judgment the government had amended the legislation in dispute so that the pensionable age for the purposes of accessing a social grant would be equalised over time. Despite the change in legislation, the High Court found against the applicants and punished them with a costs order.

* Siyambonga Heleba. LLB (UWC), LLM (UU), Adv Cert (AAU) Dip (UJ). Lecturer, Faculty of Law, University of Johannesburg. Email: scheleba@uj.ac.za. This case note is based on a the paper presented at the Law Teachers Conference on 18 January 2011, at the University of Stellenbosch. The author is indebted to the two anonymous referees for their valuable comments on an earlier draft of this note. All mistakes are mine.
[1] Christian Roberts v Minister of Social Development Unreported Case No 32838/05 (2010) (TPD). The author attended the two-day hearing of the case in September 2007, in his capacity as a researcher at the Community Law Centre, of the University of the Western Cape, and an amicus in the case.
ARISTOLOCHIA BRACTEOLATE RETZ. ATTENUATES HYPERURICEMIA IN A METABOLIC ARTHRITIS RAT MODEL
Authors: Yun-peng Li , Shuang Wu , Ran Afou , Xu Da-yong , Wei Jing-mei , Zhao Zi-long 
Published: June 2017

Background: The leaves of Aristolochia bracteolata Retz. has been documented in the folk medicine literature for its anti-arthritic activity. The target of the research envisaged was to elucidate the activity of A. bracteolata extract on hyperuricemic condition in arthritis rat model.
Materials and Methods: Dried and powdered plant leaves were extracted using ether and chloroform. Potassium oxonate was injected intra-articularly to produce arthritis. The hyperuricemic effect, of A. bracteolate was analyzed by studying levels of uric acid in serum as well as in urine of arthritis induced rats. Effects of plant extracts were also studied on BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels and fraction of uric acid excreted.
Results: Results indicate that administration of A. bracteolata presented substantial change in uric acid concentration, augmented by potassium oxonate administration in rats. The reduction in levels of uric acid levels was nearly same as allopurinol. The investigation also revealed that the primary plant extract has nephroprotective effect by enhancing the production of Prostaglandin E2 and Interleukin-1. Histological studies of rat kidney slices indicated the safety of the present plant extract.
Conclusion: The crude extract of A. bracteolate can be used to reduce hyperuricemia in metabolic arthritis produced in rat model, without inducing any potential damaging effects.
Self-Medication Practices Among Health Care Professional Students in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Pune
Authors: Sajith Manjusha , Suresh Sruthi M. , Roy Naveen T. , Pawar Dr. Atmaram 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Self-medication practice is common among health care professionals due to their professional exposure to drugs and knowledge of treatment of their disease.

Objective:
The aim was to assess self-medication practice among medical, pharmacy, and nursing students in a tertiary care hospital, Pune. Method: A cross-sectional survey was carried out over a period of three months. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.

Results:
A total of 318 students participated in the survey; among them106 were medical, 106 were nurses and 106 were Pharmacy students. Out of the total participants, 52.5% were females. Among them, 280 (87.5%) were practicing self- medication. Most drugs for self-medication were obtained from the pharmacy or drug shops, and the most commonly used drugs were non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs(81.2%) and antipyretics (67.6%) and antibiotics (35.0%). However, 112 (35.0%) of health care professional students had received antibiotics without medical prescription in the past few months. Common reported illnesses were fever and chills (62.5%) followed by headache (40.0%) and common cold(35.0%).The main reasons for self- medication was that their knowledge about drugs and diseases helped them (67%) and their health problem was not serious(65%). 40 (12.0%) were against self -medication practice and their reasons were fear of misdiagnosis of illness and adverse effect of drugs.

Conclusion:
Our study concluded that self-medication was practiced with a range of drugs among health care professional students. Educating the students and creating awareness among them may decrease the chance of self-medication practice.
Model Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) Di Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (AlKI) I Di Selat Sunda Dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Wilayah
Authors: Sobaruddin Dyan Primana , Armawi Armaidy , Martono Edhi 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT Maritime traffic increase consequently would make the intensity of the ASL surveillance respectively. Indonesia owned several vital and important straits for maritime traffics, and one of them wass Sunda Straits, which was part of the ASL I connecting Indian Ocean and South China Sea and vice versa. The objectives of the research were (1) to created system model of Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) in the ASL I Sunda Straits, (2) to studied the impact of TSS model to the territorial resilience of Sunda Straits. This research showed that the best TSS model in Sunda Straits was the solution-2 where TSS laided on western side of Sangiang Island, which was maritime channel in between Panjurit Island and Sangiang Island with still regard the ASL I, and also considered the existing danger of navigation of Koliot Reef by installing an aids to the navigation. The Eigen Value Matrix generated from the TSS Solution-2 model would guarantee Sunda Straits from the security threat, danger of navigation and risk environmental damages, and it would make ease the law enforcement through the straits due to foreign ships had to sailed over this TSS..ABSTRAKPeningkatan lalu lintas pelayaran menjadikan semakin berat tugas pengawasan jalur laut. Indonesia mempunyai beberapa selat yang sangat vital sebagai jalur pelayaran yaitu salah satunya adalah Selat Sunda dimana selat ini merupakan bagian dari Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) I, yang menghubungkan perairan Samudera Hindia melewati Selat Karimata menuju Laut China Selatan atau sebaliknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Membuat model sistem Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) di Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) I Selat Sunda, 2) Mengkaji dampak pembangunan model TSS bagi ketahanan wilayah Selat Sunda.Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Model TSS di Selat Sunda yang terbaik adalah solusi–2 dimana TSS berada di sebelah barat Pulau Sangiang, yaitu alur pelayaran di antara Pulau Panjurit dan Pulau Sangiang dengan tetap memperhatikan ALKI-I yang sudah ada, selain itu untuk keberadaan bahaya navigasi di Terumbu Koliot maka diletakkan SBNP. Model TSS Solusi-2 hasil perhitungan Matriks Eigen Value dilihat dari segi ketahanan wilayah Selat Sunda membuat terjaminnya perairan Selat Sunda dari bahaya keamanan, bahaya navigasi pelayaran serta bahaya pencemaran lingkungan, mempermudah penegak hukum dalam melaksanakan pengawasan karena setiap kapal asing yang akan melewati Selat Sunda harus melewati TSS ini.
CMV and BKPyV Infections in Renal Transplant Recipients Receiving an mTOR Inhibitor–Based Regimen Versus a CNI-Based Regimen: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials
Authors: Mallat Samir G. , Tanios Bassem Y. , Itani Houssam S. , Lotfi Tamara , McMullan Ciaran , Gabardi Steven , Akl Elie A. , Azzi Jamil R. 
Published: June 2017

Background and objectives
The objective of this meta-analysis is to compare the incidences of cytomegalovirus and BK polyoma virus infections in renal transplant recipients receiving a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTOR)–based regimen compared with a calcineurin inhibitor–based regimen.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a comprehensive search for randomized, controlled trials up to January of 2016 addressing our objective. Other outcomes included acute rejection, graft loss, serious adverse events, proteinuria, wound-healing complications, and eGFR. Two review authors selected eligible studies, abstracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We assessed quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology.

Results
We included 28 randomized, controlled trials with 6211 participants classified into comparison 1: mTOR inhibitor versus calcineurin inhibitor and comparison 2: mTOR inhibitor plus reduced dose of calcineurin inhibitor versus regular dose of calcineurin inhibitor. Results showed decreased incidence of cytomegalovirus infection in mTOR inhibitor–based group in both comparison 1 (risk ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.41 to 0.72), with high quality of evidence, and comparison 2 (risk ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.24 to 0.80), with moderate quality of evidence. The available evidence neither confirmed nor ruled out a reduction of BK polyoma virus infection in mTOR inhibitor–based group in both comparisons. Secondary outcomes revealed more serious adverse events and acute rejections in mTOR inhibitor–based group in comparison 1 and no difference in comparison 2. There was no difference in graft loss in both comparisons. eGFR was higher in the mTOR inhibitor–based group in comparison 1 (mean difference =4.07 ml/min per 1.73 m2; 95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 6.80) and similar to the calcineurin inhibitor–based group in comparison 2. More proteinuria and wound-healing complications occurred in the mTOR inhibitor–based groups.

Conclusions
We found moderate- to high-quality evidence of reduced risk of cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplant recipients in the mTOR inhibitor–based compared with the calcineurin inhibitor–based regimen. Our review also suggested that a combination of a mTOR inhibitor and a reduced dose of calcineurin inhibitor may be associated with similar eGFR and rates of acute rejections and serious adverse events compared with a standard calcineurin inhibitor–based regimen at the expense of higher incidence of proteinuria and wound-healing complications.
Prevalence of pterygium and outcome of pterygium surgery in hilly western Nepal
Authors: Manandhar Laxmi Devi , Rai Salma KC , Gurung Shanti , Shrestha Koshal , Godar Manita , Hirachan Anjita , Shrestha Ruchi 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Surgical removal is the treatment of choice for pterygium; however, prevention of recurrence is a challenge. Several techniques have been tried to reduce the ﬁbro-vascular activity aiming to reduce rate of recurrence such as B-irradiation, conjunctival and limbal auto-grafting, anti-mitotic drugs, and amniotic membrane transplantation. This study reports the magnitude of the disease in a hilly region of western Nepal and outcome of excision and conjunctival autografting for pterygium surgery.
Methods: A prospective study was done from 1st July 2015 to 31st December 2016 in which all patients with primary pterygium presented to Palpa Lions Lacoul Eye Hospital from 1st July 2015 to 30th June 2016 were treated and followed up for next six months. Patients were treated medically or surgically as indicated. Data on age, sex, visual acuity, extent of disease, treatment modality, complications, and outcome were collected and analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-test, and Anova tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: There were 18,960 patients in total attending hospital for various conditions among which 290 (1.5%) had pterygium. There were 186 (64.1%) female and 104 (35.9%) male and this difference was significant (p<0.001). The mean age was 47.42 yrs (SD=14.23) with age ranging from 20 to 80 years. Right eye was affected more (43.1%) than left eye (33.1%); remaining 23.8% had bilateral disease. Grade-1 disease occurred in younger age compared to Grade-2 and Grade-3 disease. All grade-1 patients were managed medically; grade-2 and grade-3 patients were equally likely to be managed medically or surgically. There were no major intra or post-operative complications. Minor post-operative complications noted were subconjunctival hemorrhage, corneal scarring, suture gaping, and conjunctival cyst among others.
Conclusion: Despite much advanced techniques in pterygium surgery, pterygium excision combined with conjunctival autograft is found to be a safe and effective method for treating pterygium in developing world.
Kandungan Bahan Kering Tanpa Lemak (BKTL) Susu Sapi Perah Friesian Holstein Akibat Pemberian Pakan yang Mengandung Tepung Katu (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr) yang Berbeda
Authors: Yusuf Roosena 
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of increasing the provision shrub on milk solid non fat content of Friesian Holstein dairy cattle. Research material used was 9 Friesian Holstein dairy cattle on the second lactation at the sixth month lactation with body weight (BW) of 436 Â± 48.67 kg, milk production of 8.86 Â± 1.2 liter. Single factor experiment arranged in Complete Random Design with 3 treatments, each replicated for three times, was used in this experiment. The cows were fed with concentrate feed (Crude Protein = 13.42%) added by shrub flour at three levels of 0 % BW (t0), 0.03 % BW (t1), 0.05 % BW (t2), and maize straw as forage at each level of shrub flour in the concentrate. The ratio between concentrate and forage 60%:40%. Obtained data was calculated by ANOVA. Results showed that the average consumption of dry matter feed determined at t0, t1, and t2 were 10.22; 10.70 and 11.63 kg/cow/day (P>0.05), respectively. The average of milk solid non fat of t0, t1 and t2 were 0.672; 0.811 and 0.864 kg/liter (P>0.05), respectively. However shrub flour providing in the concentrate until level of 0.05% BW did not increase milk solid non fat of Friesian Holstein dairy cattle milk solid non fat.
Keywords : milk solid non fat, Friesian Holstein dairy cattle, shrub
Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol dan Fraksi Akar Singawalang (Petiveria alliacea L.) Terhadap Jamur Penyebab Ketombe dengan Metode Broth Microdilution
Authors: Indriyanti Niken , Adnyana I Ketut , Sukandar Elin Yulinah 
Published: June 2017

Dandruff was an anomaly of scalp caused by abnormal growth of Pityrosporum ovale. Ketoconazole and sulfuric compounds known as antifungal, include antifungal against Pityrosporum ovale. One of medicinal plant that has polysulfide compounds was Singawalang (Petiveria alliacea L.). Activity of ethanol extract and fraction of singawalang roots tested using microdilution broth method appropriate to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) standard, then growth profiles determined by colony count. Microdilution test results showed that Singawalang roots extract has antifungal activity against Pityrosporum ovale with Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) 16 Î¼g/mL and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) 64 Î¼g/mL. Fraction that has highest activity against Pityrosporum ovale was n-hexane fraction of Singawalang roots with MIC 16 Âµg/ml dan MFC 128 Î¼g/mL. The higher activity of the extract predicted that there were some polysulfide compounds have synergic activity.
Key words : singalawang roots, polysulfide, Pityrosporum ovale

ABSTRAK
Ketombe adalah suatu keadaan anomali pada kulit kepala disebabkan jamur Pityrosporum ovale dalam jumlah diatas normal. Selama ini antijamur yang digunakan adalah ketokonazol. Selain itu, senyawa sulfur juga diketahui aktif terhadap jamur. Salah satu tanaman yang telah diteliti mengandung senyawa polisulfida adalah tanaman singawalang (Petiveria alliacea L.). Penelitian aktivitasnya terhadap Pityrosporum ovale dilakukan dengan Broth Microdilution sesuai standar Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Konsentrasi Hambat Minumum (KHM) terkecil ada pada ekstrak dan fraksi n-heksan, yaitu 16 Î¼g/mL, seperempat dari aktivitas ketokonazol. Konsentrasi Fungisidal Minimum (KFM) terkecil ekstrak adalah 64 Î¼g/mL, dan pada fraksi n-heksan ekstrak etanol akar singawalang dengan konsentrasi 128 Î¼g/mL. Diduga aktivitas antijamur lebih kuat pada ekstrak karena adanya kombinasi aktivitas beberapa senyawa polisulfida yang bekerja sinergis.
Kata kunci : Akar singawalang, polisulfida, Pityrosporum ovale
Undiagnosed Ectopic Pregnancy among Unsupervised use of Medical Abortion pills
Authors: Joshi Arun Prasad , Chitrakar NS , Pariyar J , Shrestha I , Maharjan R , Maharjan P 
Published: June 2017

Aims: To identify and share the experience of clinical presentation and management of ectopic pregnancy (EP) in women who presented with unsupervised use of Medical abortion (MA) pills.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Civil Service Hospital over one year (March 2015- February 2016). Women with a history of unsupervised use of MA pills were taken into study group as there has been a trend of taking theses pills without consultation in recent days. Detail clinical, menstrual, obstetrics and MA history were taken. Relevant investigations and Ultrasonography were done. Women diagnosed to have ectopic pregnancy were followed and their operative findings were recorded. Results: Ninety-six women presented with unsupervised use of MA, among which 8 (8.33%) diagnosed to have EP. Most women were 20-30 years of age and 37.5% were unmarried. They gave history of taking MA from pharmacy. Among eight women, 37.5 % had taken MA at the period of gestation <5 weeks, 37.5% between 5-7 weeks and 25% >7-9 weeks. Fifty percent attended hospital after seventy- two hours of MA. Majority (50%) presented with lower abdominal pain and ruptured EP with hemoperitoneum (>one litre) requiring blood transfusion. History of easy availability and social reasons for MA intake were given by 37.5% each.Conclusions: Even though medical abortion is easily accessible, affordable and available, it should also be safer. It is of utmost importance to take it from health facility or a registered medical practitioner following World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, one of which is excluding extra-uterine pregnancy.
Association of Maternal Hemoglobin and Birth Weight at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu
Authors: Ansari Safiur Rahman , Baral Gehanath 
Published: June 2017

Aims: To examine the association between maternal hemoglobin with birth weight.Methods: Cross sectional study of obstetrics database at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital. Hospital delivery of over 18 years of age women tested for Pearson correlation using SPSS-17.Results: Total of 2085 cases analyzed. There was mean hemoglobin value of 12.05 ± 1.30 (95% CI=11.992-12.103) g/dL and no any significant impact on mode of delivery (p=0.15) and neonatal death (p=0.736). There was a small but a significant correlation (p<0.01) of maternal age with hemoglobin (r = 0.106) and birth weight (r = 0.093); but a very small negative correlation between maternal hemoglobin and birth weight.Conclusions: Optimal maternal hemoglobin during labor rules out any strong correlation with birth weight.
Study on Maternal and Immediate Fetal outcome of placenta previa
Authors: Lama Sushma , Ranjit S 
Published: June 2017

Aims: This study aimed to analyze the demographic profile, maternal and fetal outcome of placenta previa.Methods: This was a retrospective study done at Patan Academy of Health Sciences. The study population comprised of all the patients that had caesarean section for placenta previa from April 2012 to October 2015. All patients diagnosed with placenta previa clinically, ultrasonograph or incidentally during caesarean sections were recruited in this study. The data were obtained from medical records and hospital database system. Individual charts were reviewed and data on various parameters were collected.Results: In Patan hospital, there were total 126 placenta previa cases out of 21,552 deliveries during the two and half year period hence the incidence was 0.58 %. We were able to retrieve patient records of only 108 of 126 cases. The incidence of placenta previa was higher with increasing maternal age ≥30 years (41.67%), more common in multigravida (65.74%). We found that associated risks factors included previous CS, multiparity and dilatation and curettage (40.74%). Eleven patients required blood transfusion, seven of them had blood loss of 1000-1400 ml, one had blood loss of 2000 ml. Also, Caesarean hysterectomy were performed in two patients. In term of fetal outcomes, 37.04% were preterm birth and 29.63% of the babies had low birth weight. There was one incident of congenital anomaly, one intrauterine fetal death and six neonatal deaths.Conclusions: Placenta previa is an obstetrics complication that is potentially life threatening to both the mother and the baby.