bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detention Outlet Retrofit Improves the Functionality of Existing Detention Basins by Reducing Erosive Flows in Receiving Channels
Authors: Hawley Robert J. , Goodrich James A. , Korth Nora L. , Rust Christopher J. , Fet Elizabeth V. , Frye Craig , MacMannis Katherine R. , Wooten Matthew S. , Jacobs Mark , Sinha Rajib 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBy discharging excess stormwater at rates that more frequently exceed the critical flow for stream erosion, conventional detention basins often contribute to increased channel instability in urban and suburban systems that can be detrimental to aquatic habitat and water quality, as well as adjacent property and infrastructure. However, these ubiquitous assets, valued at approximately $600,000 per km2 in a representative suburban watershed, are ideal candidates to aid in reversing such cycles of channel degradation because improving their functionality would not necessarily require property acquisition or heavy construction. The objective of this research was to develop a simple, cost‐effective device that could be installed in detention basin outlets to reduce the erosive power of the relatively frequent storm events (~ < two‐year recurrence) and provide a passive bypass to maintain flood control performance during infrequent storms (such as the 100‐year recurrence). Results from a pilot installation show that the Detain H2O device reduced the cumulative sediment transport capacity of the preretrofit condition by greater than 40%, and contributed to reduced flashiness and prolonged baseflows in receiving streams. When scaling the strategy across a watershed, these results suggest that potential gains in water quality and stream channel stability could be achieved at costs that are orders of magnitude less than comparable benefits from newly constructed stormwater control measures.
Grexit, Brexit, Fixit … The Dynamics of Division in the Age of Trump
Authors: Galbraith James K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis essay discusses the drift toward European disunion in the wake of the Athens Spring and its repression, through the Brexit vote, the French elections, and the new political context of the administration of Donald Trump. I argue that certain dynamics of division, rooted in the creditor‐debtor relationship, apply both to Europe and to the United States.
Injustice Abroad, Authority at Home? Democracy, Systemic Effects, and Global Wrongs
Authors: Nili Shmuel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMultiple normative theorists currently link political authority to democratic political procedures. I explore how proponents of this influential view can address a fundamental, but overlooked, puzzle. The puzzle begins from the firm judgment that even a government that keeps democratic procedures intact loses its general authority if it enacts abhorrent major laws. This judgment means that the moral failure of some laws can dissolve the moral authority of other laws—even ones that are quite distinct in their content. But how can we explain these systemic effects of specific laws? I confront this challenge by introducing a global perspective into the discussion of political authority. First, I suggest that we should only adopt an account of systemic effects that can explain how the worst global conduct dissolves a government's general authority. Second, after developing such an account, I use it to reflect on thornier global cases.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is present in human spermatozoa and is related with sperm motility. The use of recombinant FGF2 to improve motile sperm recovery
Authors: Garbarino Azúa D. J. , Saucedo L. , Giordana S. , Magri M. L. , Buffone M. G. , Neuspiller F. , Vazquez‐Levin M. H. , Marín‐Briggiler C. I. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryFibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) regulate several functions of somatic cells. In a previous work, we reported FGFR expression in human spermatozoa and their involvement in motility. This study aimed to evaluate the presence and localization of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in human spermatozoa, to determine the relationship of FGF2 levels with conventional semen parameters and to assess the effect of recombinant FGF2 (rFGF2) on sperm recovery in a selection procedure. Western immunoblotting analysis using an antibody against FGF2 revealed an 18‐kDa band in sperm protein extracts. The protein was immunolocalized in the sperm flagellum and acrosomal region, as well as in all germ cells. Sperm FGF2 levels, assessed by flow cytometry, showed a positive (p < 0.05) correlation with sperm concentration, motility, total sperm number and total motile cells per ejaculate. Moreover, samples with abnormal motility depicted diminished (p < 0.01) FGF2 levels compared to those with normal motility. Spermatozoa exposed to rFGF2 bound the protein, exhibited higher (p < 0.05) total and motile sperm recoveries, and increased (p < 0.01) kinematic parameters after the swim‐up. Findings herein presented lead to consider sperm FGF2 level as a potential marker of sperm quality, and rFGF2 as a supplement for improving sperm recovery in selection techniques.
Hypothermia at neonatal intensive care unit admission was not associated with respiratory disease or death in very preterm infants
Authors: Jensen CF , Ebbesen F , Petersen JP , Sellmer A , Bach CC , Henriksen TB 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimThis study investigated the association between hypothermia and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death in very preterm infants admitted to a Danish neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsWe studied 675 infants born at Aalborg University Hospital before 32 weeks and admitted to the NICU from April 1997 to December 2011. Hypothermia was defined as a core temperature of <36.5°C on admission. The primary outcome was severe RDS or death within the first three days of life, and the secondary outcome was BPD or death before 36 postmenstrual weeks. The multivariable logistic regression was adjusted for early‐onset infection, gestational age, Apgar score, sex, treatment year and birth weight.ResultsInfants with hypothermia had a twofold increase (OR) in the odds for RDS or death (2.03), but the adjusted OR was not statistically significant (1.36). They also demonstrated a twofold increase (OR) in the odds for BPD or death (2.28), but again the adjusted OR was not statistically significant (1.03).ConclusionAfter adjusting for confounders, we found that the association between hypothermia on admission to the NICU and RDS or death, or BPD or death was statistically insignificant.
Relationships among muscle fiber type composition, fiber diameter and MRF gene expression in different skeletal muscles of naturally grazing Wuzhumuqin sheep during postnatal development
Authors: Siqin Qimuge , Nishiumi Tadayuki , Yamada Takahisa , Wang Shuiqing , Liu Wenjun , Wu Rihan , Borjigin Gerelt 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the relationships among muscle fiber‐type composition, fiber diameter, and myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) gene expression in different skeletal muscles during development in naturally grazing Wuzhumuqin sheep. Three major muscles (i.e. the Longissimus dorsi (LD), Biceps femoris (BF) and Triceps brachii (TB)) were obtained from 20 Wuzhumuqin sheep and 20 castrated rams at each of the following ages: 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months. Muscle fiber‐type composition and fiber diameter were measured using histochemistry and morphological analysis, and MRF gene expression levels were determined using real‐time PCR. In the LD muscle, changes in the proportion of each of different types of fiber (I, IIA and IIB) were relatively small. In the BF muscle, a higher proportion of type I and a 6.19‐fold lower proportion of type IIA fibers were observed (P < 0.05). In addition, the compositions of type I and IIA fibers continuously changed in the TB muscle (P < 0.05). Moreover, muscle diameter gradually increased throughout development (P < 0.05). Almost no significant difference was found in MRF gene expression patterns, which appeared to be relatively stable. These results suggest that changes in fiber‐type composition and increases in fiber size may be mutually interacting processes during muscle development.
Fiber characteristics of pork muscle exhibiting different levels of drip loss
Authors: Koomkrong Nunyarat , Gongruttananun Nirat , Boonkaewwan Chaiwat , Noosud Jatuporn , Theerawatanasirikul Sirin , Kayan Autchara 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the fiber characteristics of pork muscle exhibiting different levels of drip loss during storage. The samples were taken from Longissimus dorsi muscle to evaluate drip loss (n = 100). Fifteen muscles per group (low and high drip loss) were selected to evaluate the histological characteristics at 0 and 72 h of storage time. The statistical analysis revealed that a high drip loss group had greater endomysium thickness than a low drip loss group at 0 h of storage time (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in total number of fibers, fiber diameter, fiber area and perimysium thickness at 0 h of storage time (P > 0.05). At 72 h of storage time, a high drip loss was evident in higher total number of fibers (P < 0.01), but smaller fiber diameter (P < 0.05), fiber area (P < 0.01) and endomysium thickness (P < 0.01) than a low drip loss group. There was no significant difference in perimysium thickness (P > 0.05). In conclusion, drip loss might be affected by muscle structural characteristics during storage.
Investigation of genetic diversity and inbreeding in a Japanese native horse breed for suggestions on its conservation
Authors: Onogi Akio , Shirai Kouichi , Amano Tomoko 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBecause native breeds can serve as genetic resources for adapting to environment changes, their conservation is important for future agroecosystems. Using pedigree analysis, we investigated genetic diversity and inbreeding in Japanese Hokkaido native horses, which have adapted to a cold climate and roughage diet. Genetic diversity was measured as the number of founders and the effective number of founders, ancestors and genomes. All metrics imply a decrease in genetic diversity. A comparison of these metrics suggested that pedigree bottlenecks contributed more than did random gene losses to the reduction of genetic diversity. Estimates of marginal contributions of ancestors suggest that the bottlenecks arose mainly because related stallions had been used for breeding. A tendency for an increase in inbreeding coefficients was observed. F‐statistics revealed that a small effective population size majorly contributed to this increase, although non‐random mating in particular regions also contributed. Because the bottlenecks are thought to have reduced the effective population size, our results imply that mitigation of bottlenecks is important for conservation. To this end, breeding should involve genetically diverse stallions. In addition, to prevent non‐random mating observed in particular regions, efforts should be made to plan mating with consideration of kinships.
Nonresidential fathers with children in foster care: A descriptive study in the United States
Authors: Lee Yookyong , Fagan Jay S. , Icard Larry D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study used the data from 64 nonresidential fathers who had their children placed in foster care to describe their characteristics. The survey included questions about demographic background and personal challenges, the father's involvement with his child in foster care, the father's relationship with the mother, barriers to the father's involvement, and the relationship with child welfare agencies and workers. The average age of the participants was about 39 years, and the majority of them were African American. About 70% of the fathers reported low levels of education. Almost 69% of fathers reported frequent face‐to‐face contact with their children. On average, the participants were arrested 2.6 times, and it ranged from 0 to 34. More research is necessary to learn more about these fathers, develop programs to help them become a viable source for permanency option, and become more involved in their children's lives.
Patch testing in non‐immediate cutaneous adverse drug reactions: value of extemporaneous patch tests
Authors: Assier Haudrey , Valeyrie‐Allanore Laurence , Gener Gwendeline , Verlinde Carvalh Muriel , Chosidow Olivier , Wolkenstein Pierre 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBackgroundPatch testing following a standardized protocol is reliable for identifying the culprit drug in cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs). However, these patch tests (PTs) require pharmaceutical material and staff, which are not always easily available.ObjectivesTo evaluate an extemporaneous PT method in CADRs.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data for all patients referred to our department between March 2009 and June 2013 for patch testing after a non‐immediate CADR. The patients who supplied their own suspected drugs were tested both with extemporaneous PTs and with conventional PTs. Extemporaneous PTs involved a nurse crushing and diluting the drug in pet. in a ratio of approximately one‐third to two‐thirds. Standardized PTs were performed according to guidelines, with commercial drugs diluted to 30% or with active ingredients diluted to 10%. We analysed the data for the two PT methods in terms of the number of positive test reactions, drugs tested, and type of CADR for patients in whom the two PT methods were used.ResultsIn total, 75 of 156 patients underwent the two PT procedures, including 91 double tests. Overall, 21 tests gave positive reactions with the two methods, and 69 other tests gave negative results with the two methods.ConclusionOur series yielded results similar to those of published series concerning the types of CADR and the drugs responsible. Our results suggest that, for CADRs, if a patient supplies a suspected drug but if the pharmaceutical material and staff are not available for conventional PTs, extemporaneous PTs performed by the nurse with the commercial drug used by the patient can be useful and reliable.
miR‐181d regulates human dendritic cell maturation through NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Su Xian Wei , Lu Gang , Leung Chi Kwan , Liu Qiang , Li Yi , Tsang Kam Sze , Zhao Shi Dou , Chan Danny Tat Ming , Kung Hsiang Fu , Poon Wai Sang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered as the cellular regulators which post‐transcriptionally modulate gene expression in diverse biological processes including cell development and immunity. In this study, we investigated functions of miR‐181d in dendritic cells (DCs) maturation, and the underlying mechanisms were also explored.Materials and methodsHere we did the miRNA screening in human DCs in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). The expressions of DCs maturation markers were measured after miRNA mimics transfections. The pharmacological inhibitors of signalling pathways were applied to examine miR‐181d effect on DCs maturation by Western blot. Luciferase assay and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) were also performed to reveal the target gene of miR‐181d and test the viability of T cells treated with miR‐181d transfected DCs.ResultsOverexpression of miR‐181d per se is sufficient to promote DCs maturation, and up‐regulate CD80 and CD83 expressions without LPS. Besides, we showed that miR‐181d activated NF‐κB pathway and also promoted the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL12 and TNF‐α. Inhibition of NF‐κB pathway suppressed DCs maturation. Luciferase reporter assay and target gene knockdown assay indicated that miR‐181d targets regulator cylindromatosis (CYLD), a primary negative regulator of NF‐κB pathway. MLR assay showed that miR‐181d‐transfected DCs could promote T‐cell proliferation than iDCs in vitro.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that miR‐181d is required for DCs maturation through the activation of NF‐κB pathway by targeting CYLD.
Chest wall lymphomas: Fine needle aspiration cytodiagnosis and review of the literature
Authors: Das D. K. , Pathan S. K. , Al‐Waheeb S. K. M. , Ali A. E. , Joneja M. , Al‐Kanderi M. G. , John B. , Mallik M. K. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveCompared to other chest wall malignancies, lymphoma is a common disease. However, published literature on a series of lymphoma cases involving the chest wall is scarce. The aim of the present study, was to describe experience with chest wall swellings diagnosed as lymphoid neoplasms on fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology.MethodsEleven chest wall swellings were diagnosed as lymphoid neoplasms on FNA over a period of 15 years (January 2000‐December 2014). The age of patients ranged from 19 to 73 years (median, 46). The male‐to ‐emale ratio was 7:4. Ten cases had an anterior or lateral chest wall mass, and one swelling was in the scapular region. Six cases had concurrent lymphadenopathy, and one had bone involvement. The FNA smears were reviewed and classified under WHO Classification of Hematopoietic Neoplasms. The histopathological diagnoses were available in eight cases.ResultsThe preliminary cytodiagnoses in 11 cases of chest wall lymphoid neoplasms were anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) in two cases, and ALCL/malignant melanoma, ALCL/T‐cell‐rich‐B‐cell lymphoma (TCRBCL)/Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), plasmacytoma/neuroendocrine carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, small cell NHL/CLL, NHL, suggestive of NHL, post‐transplant peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL), and a malignant plasma cell tumour in one case each. The reviewed cytodiagnoses of lymphoid neoplasms were as follows: ALCL ( five cases), centroblastic lymphoma (two cases), and small cell lymphoma/CLL, post‐transplant peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma and plasmacytoma (one case each). Histopathological diagnoses available in eight cases confirmed the presence of lymphoid neoplasms.ConclusionA variety of lymphoid neoplasms involved the chest wall, and among them, ALCL was a common form.
The ATHENA HPV study underrepresents “other” high‐risk HPV genotypes when compared with a diverse New York City population
Authors: Ramos Rivera G. , Khader S. N. , Lajara S. , Schlesinger K. , Goldstein D. Y. , Naeem R. C. , Suhrland M. J. , Fox A. S. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivePersistent infection with oncogenic high risk HPV (hrHPV) types causes virtually all cases of cervical cancer. HPV 16 and 18 have been targeted for individual genotyping and vaccination because of their presence in 71% of invasive cervical cancers worldwide. Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York serves a population known for ethnic and racial diversity. Given this diversity it is possible that HPV genotypes not individually detected by current testing are causing significant disease.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of liquid based cervicovaginal cytology and Cobas HPV results reported between October 5, 2015 and March 30, 2016. This included 20 483 samples from patients aged 16‐95 (average age 42), with racial distribution including: African‐American 32.4%, Other (includes denied, unknown, mixed, Hispanic) 52.1%, Caucasian 14.5%, Asian 0.7%, American Indian/Alaskan Native 0.3%. In all, 14 938 samples (72.9%) were submitted for clinically requested COBAS 4800 HPV testing, which separately reports HPV 16, 18 and a pool of 12 other hrHPV.ResultsA total of 3180 (21.5%) tested hrHPV positive. The percentage of patients with cytologic diagnosis of HSIL (high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) that were positive only for HPV 16 was 19.4% vs 1.8% for all cytologic diagnoses. However, only one of the HSIL cases was HPV 18 positive along with other hrHPV (OHR). Surprisingly, a majority (64.5%) was positive for only OHR.ConclusionsFurther evaluation is needed to determine if this pool of other hrHPV includes individual genotypes that in our population carry a higher risk of persistence and progression to cancer.
In vivo diagnosis of early‐stage gastric cancer found after Helicobacter pylori eradication using probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy
Authors: Horiguchi Noriyuki , Tahara Tomomitsu , Yamada Hyuga , Yoshida Dai , Okubo Masaaki , Nagasaka Mitsuo , Nakagawa Yoshihito , Shibata Tomoyuki , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Kuroda Makoto , Ohmiya Naoki 
Published: July 2017

Background and AimEarly‐stage gastric cancer (EGC) found after Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication often displays non‐tumorous regenerative epithelium and/or maturated tumorous epithelium overlying the cancerous tissue, which may confuse endoscopic and histological diagnosis. Probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) enables in vivo real‐time optical biopsy. We compared the diagnostic yields for these EGC cases using conventional white light endoscopy (WL), magnifying endoscopy with narrow‐band imaging (ME‐NBI), pCLE, and endoscopic biopsy; we also compared the accuracy of the horizontal extent diagnosis between ME‐NBI and pCLE.MethodsThis study enrolled 30 patients with 36 EGC lesions after successful Hp eradication. Diagnostic yields of WL, ME‐NBI, pCLE, and endoscopic biopsy were prospectively compared. Four points of cancerous margins (oral, anal, anterior, and posterior sites) were also prospectively evaluated with M‐NBI and pCLE to determine the horizontal extent of the EGC.ResultsDiagnostic yield was significantly higher with pCLE than with WL and endoscopic biopsy (97 vs 72%, 97 vs 72%, P = 0.0159, 0.0077, respectively), whereas it did not differ from ME‐NBI (88.9%, P = 0.371). Height of non‐tumorous regenerative epithelium or maturated atypical glands was 104.7 ± 34.2 μm in the pCLE‐positive cases, whereas it was 188.3 ± 27.1 μm in a pCLE‐negative case (P = 0.0004). Diagnostic accuracy of the horizontal margin of EGC was significantly higher with pCLE than with ME‐NBI (92 vs 70%, P = 0.0159).ConclusionpCLE may be helpful for the diagnosis of ambiguous ECG found after Hp eradication because it enables real‐time scanning throughout the lesion and detection of subsurface microstructure.
Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and safety of multiple ascending doses of the novel dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon‐like peptide‐1 agonist RG7697 in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Schmitt Christophe , Portron Agnès , Jadidi Shirin , Sarkar Neena , DiMarchi Richard 
Published: July 2017

AimsTo investigate the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and safety of multiple ascending doses of RG7697, a dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon‐like peptide‐1 agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).MethodsA total of 56 patients with T2D received once‐daily subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of RG7697 (0.25‐2.5 mg) or placebo for 14 days in a randomized, double‐blind, dose‐escalation study. Adverse events (AEs), vital signs, ECGs and routine laboratory variables were intensively monitored. Drug concentrations, fasting glycaemic variables, 24‐hour glucose profiles, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and antibody formation were measured. Several meal tolerance and gastric emptying tests were performed during the study.ResultsDaily s.c. injections of RG7697 were well tolerated by the majority of participants with T2D. The most frequently reported AEs with RG7697 were diarrhoea, nausea and decreased appetite. Asymptomatic events of hypoglycaemia were relatively uniformly distributed across dose groups including placebo. Pharmacokinetic steady‐state was achieved within 1 week. Meaningful reductions in fasting, postprandial and 24‐hour plasma glucose profile were observed at doses ≥0.75 mg, and were associated with numerical decreases in HbA1c (−0.67% [2.5‐mg dose] vs −0.21% [placebo]). Decrease in postprandial insulin at doses ≥1.1 mg suggested improvement in insulin sensitivity. Minimum delay in gastric emptying and body weight reductions numerically greater than placebo (− 3.0 kg vs −0.9 kg) were seen at the highest dose of 2.5 mg.ConclusionsDaily doses of RG7697 for 2 weeks were well tolerated by the majority of patients with T2D. Pharmacokinetic data supported once‐daily dosing and pharmacodynamic effect displayed dose‐dependent reductions in fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia.