bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A magyar iparoktatás „hadi útja”
Authors: Vörös Katalin 
Published: January 2016

The questions of modernisation and social thinking altogether determined the modification of the roles of Hungarian vocational education during World War I.
At the end of the 1890s, a modern, industrialised vocational education system was formed in Hungary. The education of qualified workmen was an integral part of the power rivalry among certain countries in this time period. The peak of this rivalry was signified by World War I, when results were also measured on the battle fields. During the war, by the sufficient appreciation of strategic goals of industrial production, vocational education had a more important role in the narrative of central power. However, because of the continuance of wars, widely new problems and tasks emerged.
The nursing and rehabilitation of injured soldiers returning home from World War I meant new challenges towards forming the idea of a “caring” government. Vocational education and the national social policy became closely linked as a result of the armaments events after 1914, which Act XV of 1915 also proves. The concept of vocational education was redefined. New types of ’industrial vocational schools’ (schools for the war invalids) appeared. Their task was not to serve market interests primarily, but to improve the living conditions of handicapped and disabled people. Old institutions also had to adapt to the changed requirements. They not only took part in military production or handed over buildings to accommodate soldiers but also latched on to the aftercare of disabled soldiers by organizing different types of courses.
This paper aims to show the history of the Hungarian vocational education during World War I, focusing on the relation between the vocational education and the rehabilitation of the injured soldiers as well as the schools for the warinvalids. The research was based on archival resources, school reports, applicable legislation, and the contemporary media. The study pays particular attention to the education structure and to the effect of the war on the hinterland and the national social policy.
Fotó: Pozsonyi Kifli
Astrocytes as secretory cells of the central nervous system: idiosyncrasies of vesicular secretion
Authors: Verkhratsky Alexei , Matteoli Michela , Parpura Vladimir , Mothet Jean‐Pierre , Zorec Robert 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAstrocytes are housekeepers of the central nervous system (CNS) and are important for CNS development, homeostasis and defence. They communicate with neurones and other glial cells through the release of signalling molecules. Astrocytes secrete a wide array of classic neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and hormones, as well as metabolic, trophic and plastic factors, all of which contribute to the gliocrine system. The release of neuroactive substances from astrocytes occurs through several distinct pathways that include diffusion through plasmalemmal channels, translocation by multiple transporters and regulated exocytosis. As in other eukaryotic cells, exocytotic secretion from astrocytes involves divergent secretory organelles (synaptic‐like microvesicles, dense‐core vesicles, lysosomes, exosomes and ectosomes), which differ in size, origin, cargo, membrane composition, dynamics and functions. In this review, we summarize the features and functions of secretory organelles in astrocytes. We focus on the biogenesis and trafficking of secretory organelles and on the regulation of the exocytotic secretory system in the context of healthy and diseased astrocytes.
Microtubule‐binding protein doublecortin‐like kinase 1 (DCLK1) guides kinesin‐3‐mediated cargo transport to dendrites
Authors: Lipka Joanna , Kapitein Lukas C , Jaworski Jacek , Hoogenraad Casper C 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn neurons, the polarized distribution of vesicles and other cellular materials is established through molecular motors that steer selective transport between axons and dendrites. It is currently unclear whether interactions between kinesin motors and microtubule‐binding proteins can steer polarized transport. By screening all 45 kinesin family members, we systematically addressed which kinesin motors can translocate cargo in living cells and drive polarized transport in hippocampal neurons. While the majority of kinesin motors transport cargo selectively into axons, we identified five members of the kinesin‐3 (KIF1) and kinesin‐4 (KIF21) subfamily that can also target dendrites. We found that microtubule‐binding protein doublecortin‐like kinase 1 (DCLK1) labels a subset of dendritic microtubules and is required for KIF1‐dependent dense‐core vesicles (DCVs) trafficking into dendrites and dendrite development. Our study demonstrates that microtubule‐binding proteins can provide local signals for specific kinesin motors to drive polarized cargo transport.
Somatically mutated ABL1 is an actionable and essential NSCLC survival gene
Authors: Testoni Ewelina , Stephenson Natalie L , Torres‐Ayuso Pedro , Marusiak Anna A , Trotter Eleanor W , Hudson Andrew , Hodgkinson Cassandra L , Morrow Christopher J , Dive Caroline , Brognard John 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe lack of actionable mutations in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a significant hurdle in the design of targeted therapies for this disease. Here, we identify somatically mutated ABL1 as a genetic dependency that is required to maintain NSCLC cell survival. We demonstrate that NSCLC cells with ABL1 mutations are sensitive to ABL inhibitors and we verify that the drug‐induced effects on cell viability are specific to pharmacological inhibition of the ABL1 kinase. Furthermore, we confirm that imatinib suppresses lung tumor growth in vivo, specifically in lung cancer cells harboring a gain‐of‐function (GOF) mutation in ABL1. Consistent with structural modeling, we demonstrate that mutations in ABL1 identified in primary NSCLC tumors and a lung cancer cell line increase downstream pathway activation compared to wild‐type ABL1. Finally, we observe that the ABL1 cancer mutants display an increased cytosolic localization, which is associated with the oncogenic properties of the ABL1 kinase. In summary, our results suggest that NSCLC patients with ABL1 mutations could be stratified for treatment with imatinib in combination with other therapies.
Isolation of a Hypomorphic skn-1 Allele That Does Not Require a Balancer for Maintenance
Authors: Tang Lanlan , Dodd William , Choe Keith 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans, the transcription factor SKN-1 has emerged as a central coordinator of stress responses and longevity, increasing the need for genetic tools to study its regulation and function. However, current loss-of-function alleles cause fully penetrant maternal effect embryonic lethality, and must be maintained with genetic balancers that require careful monitoring and labor intensive strategies to obtain large populations. In this study, we identified a strong, but viable skn-1 hypomorphic allele skn-1(zj15) from a genetic screen for suppressors of wdr-23, a direct regulator of the transcription factor. skn-1(zj15) is a point mutation in an intron that causes mis-splicing of a fraction of mRNA, and strongly reduces wildtype mRNA levels of the two long skn-1a/c variants. The skn-1(zj15) allele reduces detoxification gene expression and stress resistance to levels comparable to skn-1 RNAi, but, unlike RNAi, it is not restricted from some tissues. We also show that skn-1(zj15) is epistatic to canonical upstream regulators, demonstrating its utility for genetic analysis of skn-1 function and regulation in cases where large numbers of worms are needed, a balancer is problematic, diet is varied, or RNAi cannot be used.
Exploring a Nonmodel Teleost Genome Through RAD Sequencing—Linkage Mapping in Common Pandora, Pagellus erythrinus and Comparative Genomic Analysis
Authors: Manousaki Tereza , Tsakogiannis Alexandros , Taggart John B , Palaiokostas Christos , Tsaparis Dimitris , Lagnel Jacques , Chatziplis Dimitrios , Magoulas Antonios , Papandroulakis Nikos , Mylonas Constantinos C , Tsigenopoulos Costas S 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus) is a benthopelagic marine fish belonging to the teleost family Sparidae, and a newly recruited species in Mediterranean aquaculture. The paucity of genetic information relating to sparids, despite their growing economic value for aquaculture, provides the impetus for exploring the genomics of this fish group. Genomic tool development, such as genetic linkage maps provision, lays the groundwork for linking genotype to phenotype, allowing fine-mapping of loci responsible for beneficial traits. In this study, we applied ddRAD methodology to identify polymorphic markers in a full-sib family of common pandora. Employing the Illumina MiSeq platform, we sampled and sequenced a size-selected genomic fraction of 99 individuals, which led to the identification of 920 polymorphic loci. Downstream mapping analysis resulted in the construction of 24 robust linkage groups, corresponding to the karyotype of the species. The common pandora linkage map showed varying degrees of conserved synteny with four other teleost genomes, namely the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), and medaka (Oryzias latipes), suggesting a conserved genomic evolution in Sparidae. Our work exploits the possibilities of genotyping by sequencing to gain novel insights into genome structure and evolution. Such information will boost the study of cultured species and will set the foundation for a deeper understanding of the complex evolutionary history of teleosts.
Genetic Correlates of Individual Differences in Sleep Behavior of Free-Living Great Tits (Parus major)
Authors: Stuber Erica F , Baumgartner Christine , Dingemanse Niels J , Kempenaers Bart , Mueller Jakob C 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWithin populations, free-living birds display considerable variation in observable sleep behaviors, reflecting dynamic interactions between individuals and their environment. Genes are expected to contribute to repeatable between-individual differences in sleep behaviors, which may be associated with individual fitness. We identified and genotyped polymorphisms in nine candidate genes for sleep, and measured five repeatable sleep behaviors in free-living great tits (Parus major), partly replicating a previous study in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). Microsatellites in the CLOCK and NPAS2 clock genes exhibited an association with sleep duration relative to night length, and morning latency to exit the nest box, respectively. Furthermore, microsatellites in the NPSR1 and PCSK2 genes associated with relative sleep duration and proportion of time spent awake at night, respectively. Given the detection rate of associations in the same models run with random markers instead of candidate genes, we expected two associations to arise by chance. The detection of four associations between candidate genes and sleep, however, suggests that clock genes, a clock-related gene, or a gene involved in the melanocortin system, could play key roles in maintaining phenotypic variation in sleep behavior in avian populations. Knowledge of the genetic architecture underlying sleep behavior in the wild is important because it will enable ecologists to assess the evolution of sleep in response to selection.
The Effects of Both Recent and Long-Term Selection and Genetic Drift Are Readily Evident in North American Barley Breeding Populations
Authors: Poets Ana M , Mohammadi Mohsen , Seth Kiran , Wang Hongyun , Kono Thomas J Y , Fang Zhou , Muehlbauer Gary J , Smith Kevin P , Morrell Peter L 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Barley was introduced to North America ∼400 yr ago but adaptation to modern production environments is more recent. Comparisons of allele frequencies among growth habits and spike (inflorescence) types in North America indicate that significant genetic differentiation has accumulated in a relatively short evolutionary time span. Allele frequency differentiation is greatest among barley with two-row vs. six-row spikes, followed by spring vs. winter growth habit. Large changes in allele frequency among breeding programs suggest a major contribution of genetic drift and linked selection on genetic variation. Despite this, comparisons of 3613 modern North American cultivated barley breeding lines that differ for spike-type and growth habit permit the discovery of 142 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) outliers putatively linked to targets of selection. For example, SNPs within the Cbf4, Ppd-H1, and Vrn-H1 loci, which have previously been associated with agronomically adaptive phenotypes, are identified as outliers. Analysis of extended haplotype sharing identifies genomic regions shared within and among breeding populations, suggestive of a number of genomic regions subject to recent selection. Finally, we are able to identify recent bouts of gene flow between breeding populations that could point to the sharing of agronomically adaptive variation. These results are supported by pedigrees and breeders’ understanding of germplasm sharing.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Canine Family Trio Reveals a FAM83G Variant Associated with Hereditary Footpad Hyperkeratosis
Authors: Sayyab Shumaila , Viluma Agnese , Bergvall Kerstin , Brunberg Emma , Jagannathan Vidhya , Leeb Tosso , Andersson Göran , Bergström Tomas F 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Over 250 Mendelian traits and disorders, caused by rare alleles have been mapped in the canine genome. Although each disease is rare in the dog as a species, they are collectively common and have major impact on canine health. With SNP-based genotyping arrays, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have proven to be a powerful method to map the genomic region of interest when 10–20 cases and 10–20 controls are available. However, to identify the genetic variant in associated regions, fine-mapping and targeted resequencing is required. Here we present a new approach using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a family trio without prior GWAS. As a proof-of-concept, we chose an autosomal recessive disease known as hereditary footpad hyperkeratosis (HFH) in Kromfohrländer dogs. To our knowledge, this is the first time this family trio WGS-approach has been used successfully to identify a genetic variant that perfectly segregates with a canine disorder. The sequencing of three Kromfohrländer dogs from a family trio (an affected offspring and both its healthy parents) resulted in an average genome coverage of 9.2X per individual. After applying stringent filtering criteria for candidate causative coding variants, 527 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and 15 indels were found to be homozygous in the affected offspring and heterozygous in the parents. Using the computer software packages ANNOVAR and SIFT to functionally annotate coding sequence differences, and to predict their functional effect, resulted in seven candidate variants located in six different genes. Of these, only FAM83G:c155G &gt; C (p.R52P) was found to be concordant in eight additional cases, and 16 healthy Kromfohrländer dogs.
FW: An R Package for Finlay–Wilkinson Regression that Incorporates Genomic/Pedigree Information and Covariance Structures Between Environments
Authors: Lian Lian , de los Campos Gustavo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Finlay–Wilkinson regression (FW) is a popular method among plant breeders to describe genotype by environment interaction. The standard implementation is a two-step procedure that uses environment (sample) means as covariates in a within-line ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. This procedure can be suboptimal for at least four reasons: (1) in the first step environmental means are typically estimated without considering genetic-by-environment interactions, (2) in the second step uncertainty about the environmental means is ignored, (3) estimation is performed regarding lines and environment as fixed effects, and (4) the procedure does not incorporate genetic (either pedigree-derived or marker-derived) relationships. Su et al. proposed to address these problems using a Bayesian method that allows simultaneous estimation of environmental and genotype parameters, and allows incorporation of pedigree information. In this article we: (1) extend the model presented by Su et al. to allow integration of genomic information [e.g., single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)] and covariance between environments, (2) present an R package (FW) that implements these methods, and (3) illustrate the use of the package using examples based on real data. The FW R package implements both the two-step OLS method and a full Bayesian approach for Finlay–Wilkinson regression with a very simple interface. Using a real wheat data set we demonstrate that the prediction accuracy of the Bayesian approach is consistently higher than the one achieved by the two-step OLS method.
Germline Stem Cell Differentiation Entails Regional Control of Cell Fate Regulator GLD-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Brenner John L , Schedl Tim 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Germline stem cell differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans is controlled by glp-1 Notch signaling. Cell fate regulator GLD-1 is sufficient to induce meiotic entry and expressed at a high level during meiotic prophase, inhibiting mitotic gene activity. glp-1 signaling and other regulators control GLD-1 levels post-transcriptionally (low in stem cells, high in meiotic prophase), but many aspects of GLD-1 regulation are uncharacterized, including the link between glp-1-mediated transcriptional control and post-transcriptional GLD-1 regulation. We established a sensitive assay to quantify GLD-1 levels across an ∼35-cell diameter field, where distal germline stem cells differentiate proximally into meiotic prophase cells in the adult C. elegans hermaphrodite, and applied the approach to mutants in known or proposed GLD-1 regulators. In wild-type GLD-1 levels elevated ∼20-fold in a sigmoidal pattern. We found that two direct transcriptional targets of glp-1 signaling, lst-1 and sygl-1, were individually required for repression of GLD-1. We determined that lst-1 and sygl-1 act in the same genetic pathway as known GLD-1 translational repressor fbf-1, while lst-1 also acts in parallel to fbf-1, linking glp-1-mediated transcriptional control and post-transcriptional GLD-1 repression. Additionally, we estimated the position in wild-type gonads where germ cells irreversibly commit to meiotic development based on GLD-1 levels in worms where glp-1 activity was manipulated to cause an irreversible fate switch. Analysis of known repressors and activators, as well as modeling the sigmoidal accumulation pattern, indicated that regulation of GLD-1 levels is largely regional, which we integrated with the current view of germline stem cell differentiation.
LAS TECNOLOGÍAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN Y LAS COMUNICACIONES COMO HERRAMIENTAS PARA LA GESTIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL CON UNA VISIÓN EMPRENDEDORA
Authors: Valdespino Tamayo Cecilia , Leite Emanuel 
Published: January 2016

El patrimonio cultural no se limita a monumentos y colecciones de objetos, comprende también tradiciones o expresiones vivas heredadas de nuestros antepasados y transmitidas a nuestros descendientes. La importancia de este recurso inmaterial no radica solo en la manifestación cultural en sí, sino en el cúmulo de conocimientos y técnicas que se transmiten de generación en generación. Se basa en el reconocimiento por las comunidades, grupos o individuos que lo crean, mantienen y transmiten. La difusión es uno de los tres pilares de la gestión del patrimonio. Su definición merece una revisión a la luz de nuevas disciplinas y estrategias de comunicación incorporadas en los últimos diez años. El espíritu empresarial y la visión emprendedora junto al desarrollo tecnológico están generando un profundo impacto en todos los ámbitos de la vida diaria, desencadenando aspectos positivos en la gestión y conservación del patrimonio cultural. En este trabajo se da a conocer el papel que han desempeñado las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, como herramienta insustituible, en la difusión del patrimonio. Se describe el aporte de tres de las principales líneas de desarrollo de software a este pilar fundamental (Realidad Virtual, Sistemas de Información Geográfica y Portales WEB), las herramientas y tecnologías más utilizadas en estas ramas, así como los sistemas informáticos desarrollados a partir de investigaciones científicas realizadas en la Carrera de Ingeniería en Ciencias Informáticas de la Universidad de Granma, como resultado de un trabajo intencionado realizado con la dirección de Patrimonio y Cultura en la provincia.
Referenzbereiche von Insulin, insulinähnlichem Wachstumsfaktor 1 (IGF-1) und adrenokortikotropem Hormon bei Ponys
Authors: Köller G. , Bassewitz K. , Schusser G. F. 
Published: January 2016

ZusammenfassungZiel dieser Arbeit war, den Einsatz des Automaten IMMULITE 2000® mit einem immunometrischen Chemolumineszenz-Assay für die Bestimmung von adrenokortikotropem Hormon (ACTH), Insulin und Insulinwachstumsfaktor 1 (IGF-1) zu prüfen und entsprechende Referenzbereiche für Ponys zu berechnen. Material und Methoden: Nachmittags gewonnene Blutproben von 130 Ponys im Alter von 3–32 Jahren wurden auf Insulin, IGF-1 und ACTH untersucht. Die Referenzbereiche wurden nach der Richtlinie EP28-A3C der International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) aus dem Jahr 2010 berechnet. Ergebnisse: Die Präzision für die Messungen an einem Tag lag für Insulin im Mittel bei 3,28%, für IGF-1 bei 1,84% und für ACTH bei 3,35%. Die Tag-zu-Tag-Präzision (Insulin: 3,45%; IGF-1: 2,89%; ACTH: 9,77%) wurde an drei aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen gemessen, wobei die Lagerung der Proben bei 4 °C erfolgte. Es zeigte sich kein signifikanter Verlust der Insulinaktivität bzw. der Konzentrationen von ACTH und IGF-1. Für Insulin und IGF-1 ergaben sich altersunabhängige Referenzbereiche (Insulin: 2,0–21,2 mU/l; IGF-1: 50,2–357,2 μg/l). Dagegen wurde für ACTH ein altersabhängiger Referenzbereich er - mittelt, der bei Ponys im Alter von 3–12 Jahren signifikant niedriger war (4,2–19,8 pg/ml) als bei Ponys im Alter von 13–32 Jahren (5,0–22,6 pg/ml). Schlussfolgerung: Das verwendete Analyseverfahren eignet sich für die Untersuchung von Serumproben von Ponys auf ACTH, IGF-1 und Insulin, doch wird der Einsatz bei der Insulinmessung durch die untere Nachweisgrenze von 2,0 mU/l limitiert. Klinische Relevanz: Die berechneten Referenzbereiche für Insulin und ACTH sind hilfreich für die Diagnostik und Verlaufskontrolle des equinen metabolischen Syndroms und der Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID).