bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Джип подрезал «форда», или Существует ли в русском языке грамматическая категория одушевленности / неодушевленности?
Authors: Федосюк [Fedosiuk] Mихаил [Mikhail] Юрьевич [IUr'evich] 
Published: January 2017

Jeep cut in “ford”, or Does the grammatical category of animateness / inanimateness exist in Russian?The purpose of the article is to clarify the concept of grammatical category of animateness / inanimateness in Russian. After analyzing the history of the study of this category and the history of its development, the author concludes that the grammatical category of animateness, despite its name, is intended to mark not living objects, but objects with a potential of activity. The main function of this category is to distinguish nominative and accusative cases in such sentences as modern informal Russian Dzhip podrezal “ forda” (Jeep cut in “Ford”), where without such а distinguishing feature it could be unclear which of these two nouns is the subject and which is the object. Jeep zajechał drogę „fordowi”, albo Czy w języku rosyjskim istnieje gramatyczna kategoria żywotności / nieżywotności?Celem artykułu jest rozjaśnienie natury gramatycznej kategorii żywotności /nieżywotności w języku rosyjskim. Po przeanalizowaniu historii badań nad tą kategorią oraz historii jej rozwoju autor dochodzi do wniosku, że wbrew swojej nazwie gramatyczna kategoria żywotności charakteryzuje określenia nie żywych istot, a obiektów potencjalnie aktywnych. Podstawową funkcją tej kategorii jest odróżnienie form mianownika i biernika w takich zdaniach, jak Dżip podriezał „forda” (Jeep zajechał drogę „fordowi”) we współczesnym potocznym języku rosyjskim, gdzie w przeciwnym wypadku nie byłoby jasne, który z tych dwóch rzeczowników jest podmiotem, a który orzeczeniem.
Акцентний паралелiзм мiж дiѥсловами з класифiкацийними суфиксами – -i-// -iю-/-ѥ- та –и-//-ю-/-я-/-и-
Authors: Задорожний [Zadorozhnyĭ] Василь [Vasyl'] Б. [B.] 
Published: January 2017

Accentual parallelism between verbs suffixed with -і- // -ію- / -іє- and -и- // -ю- / -я- / -и-The article presents an attempt to identify the pattern according to which pairs of common-rooted verbs ending with -іти and -ити (of the types білíти, жовтíти, чорнíти and біли́ти, жовти́ти, чорни́ти) are stressed in present-day Ukrainian. For instance, why do we have a verb with a movable stress біли́ти – білю́, бíлиш and a verb with a fixed inflection stress чорни́ти – чорню́, чорни́ш among the verbs with -ити in modern Ukrainian? They are both derivatives of the stem-stressed adjectives білий and чорний and the respective derivative verbs with -іти have the accentual features of the corresponding adjectives: білíти – білíю, білíєш and чорнíти – чорнíю, чорнíєш. The author believes that primary cor­relation of the accentual features of the verbs of both types is reflected by the pairs чорнíти – чорни́ти and so on. But nowadays this pattern is already violated in many cases because the verbs with -ити in modern Ukrainian are intensively losing their ultimate stress and developing a movable stress or a fixed stem stress instead. For example, the primary accentual correlation красíти – краси́ти – крашу́, краси́ш is being changed to the correlation красíти – крáсити – крáшу, крáсиш. Likewise, the modern correlation оголíти – оголи́ти – оголю́, огóлиш has replaced the former one оголíти – оголи́ти – оголю́, оголи́ш etc. Paralelność w akcentowaniu czasowników z sufiksami -і- // -ію- / -іє- oraz -и- // -ю- / -я- / -и-Artykuł stanowi próbę wyodrębnienia wzorca, zgodnie z którym we współczesnym języku ukraińskim akcentowane są pary czasowników o iden­tycznym rdzeniu i końcówce -іти i -ити (typu білíти, жовтíти, чорнíти i біли́ти, жовти́ти, чорни́ти). Rozważa się w nim na przykład, czemu we współczesnym ukraińskim wśród czasowników zakończonych na -ити obok czasownika z ruchomym akcentem біли́ти – білю́, бíлиш występuje czasownik ze stałym akcentem końcówkowym чорни́ти – чорню́, чорни́ш. Oba te czasowniki są derywatami przymiotników o akcencie rdzeniowym: білий i чорний, a odpowiadające im czasowniki zakończone na -іти akcentowane są analogicznie do przymiotników, od których się wywodzą: білíти – білíю, білíєш i чорнíти – чорнíю, чорнíєш. Zdaniem autora pierwotna korelacja w akcentowaniu czasowników obu omawianych typów znajduje odzwiercie­dlenie w parach typu чорнíти – чорни́ти. Obecnie jednak ów wzorzec akcen­towy języka ukraińskiego w wielu wypadkach ulega zaburzeniu, czasowniki zakończone na -ити coraz częściej bowiem tracą akcent końcowy na rzecz akcentu ruchomego lub stałego akcentu rdzeniowego. Przykładem może być pierwotna korelacja akcentów красíти – краси́ти – крашу́, краси́ш, która ulega zastąpieniu korelacją красíти – крáсити – крáшу, крáсиш. Podobnie współczesna korelacja оголíти – оголи́ти – оголю́, огóлиш zastąpiła wystę­pującą dawniej korelację оголíти – оголи́ти – оголю́, оголи́ш itd.
Decadal Variability in the South Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent and Regional Mesoscale Eddy Activity
Authors: Travis Seth , Qiu Bo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDecadal variability of eddy activity in the western, subtropical South Pacific is examined using the past two decades of satellite altimetry data. Between 21° and 29°S, there is a band of heightened eddy activity. In this region, the eastward South Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) overlays the westward South Equatorial Current (SEC). This vertically sheared STCC–SEC system is subject to baroclinic instabilities. By using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Ocean Reanalysis System, version 4 (ORAS4), data and verifying with the gridded Argo float data, low-frequency variations in the state of the ocean in this region are investigated. It is found that the low-frequency changes in the shearing and stratification of the STCC–SEC region simultaneously work to modulate the strength of baroclinic instabilities, as measured through the baroclinic growth rate. These changes in the strength of the instabilities consequently affect the observed eddy activity. Using a linearization of the baroclinic growth rate, the contribution to the variability from the changes in shearing is found to be roughly twice as large as those from changes in stratification. Additionally, changes in the temperature and salinity fields are both found to have significant impacts on the low-frequency variability of shearing and stratification, for which salinity changes are responsible for 50%–75% of the variability as caused by temperature changes. However, the changes in all these parameters do not occur concurrently and can alternately work to negate or augment each other.
Psychoanalytic Process and Interactive Phenomena
Authors: White Robert S. 
Published: January 2017

Psychoanalytic process is defined as the interaction between the psychoanalyst and the patient, primarily through the interplay of transference and resistance. Transference and resistance are understood as a unitary phenomenon that can be expressed either as an intrapsychic potential or as an interpersonal relationship. One of the aims of psychoanalytic technique is to encourage, through interpretation, the expression of transference and resistance potential as an interpersonal relationship with the analyst This promotes a fluidity of interchange between the intrapsychic and the interpersonal, leading to heightened interactions between analyst and patient. These interactions become a powerful tool to fully experience unconscious intrapsychic conflict and can be translated back into insight concerning intrapsychic conflict.
Do Anatomic Variations of the Middle Turbinate Have an Effect on Nasal Septal Deviation or Paranasal Sinusitis?
Authors: Cho Jae Hoon , Park Mun-Su , Chung Yong Soo , Hong Seok-Chan , Kwon Kui Hyang , Kim Jin Kook 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: We evaluated the relationship between 1) anatomic variations of the middle turbinate and bony septal deviations and 2) chronic sinusitis. Methods: We compared 73 computed tomographic scans of healthy control patients with 461 scans performed for evaluation of nasal symptoms. Paranasal sinusitis was identified. We recorded the incidences of anatomic variation of the middle turbinate and of bony septal deviation. Results: The incidences of anatomic variation of the middle turbinate and of bony septal deviation were not significantly different between the control group and the symptomatic group. Anatomic variation of the middle turbinate was related to contralateral septal deviation. There was no statistical relationship between bony septal deviation or middle turbinate variation and sinusitis. Conclusions: Anatomic variations of the middle turbinate have an effect on bony septal deviations to the contralateral side. However, middle turbinate variations and bony septal deviation are not associated with chronic sinusitis.
Nasal Centripetal Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Felippu Alexandre 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: My aim in this article is to report 26 years of experience in order to evaluate the applicability and efficiency of centripetal dissection in intranasal ethmoid sinus surgery. Methods: I performed a retrospective review of 2,500 patients treated in the Felippu Institute, São Paulo, over the 26-year period from 1984 to July 2010. All of the patients underwent intranasal ethmoid sinus surgery with the centripetal technique. Before surgery, an otolaryngological examination, nasal endoscopy, and computed tomographic scans with axial, coronal, and sagittal projections were performed. All surgeries were carried out under general anesthesia and with the help of a surgical microscope or (after 1997) a rigid 30° endoscope. The surgical technique required a standard endoscopic sinus surgery set. The complications of intranasal ethmoid sinus surgery were recorded and classified as intraoperative, short-term, or long-term. Results: I observed an intraoperative complication (cerebrospinal fluid leak) in 4 patients. There were no cases of periorbital damage. I recorded no short-term or long-term complications. All of the intraoperative complications were resolved during surgery. Conclusions: With the use of this technique, the surgeon can precisely identify the position of the surgical instrument without losing his or her orientation, and thereby significantly reduce the risk of complications.
Prevalence of Otitis Media With Effusion Among Children in Xi'an, China: A Randomized Survey in China's Mainland
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wei Junrong , Xu Min , Zhang Quanan , Zhang Xiaotong , Zhang Zhibao , Dang Shaonong , Huang Xinsheng , Anniko Matti , Hellströ Sten , Duan Maoli 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: We sought to identify the prevalence of otitis media with effusion (OME) in urban Chinese children in Xi'an, China. Methods: Five kindergartens and 3 primary schools were randomly selected in the urban area of Xi'an. Screening otoscopic and tympanometric examinations were performed on 2,902 children (1,491 boys and 1,411 girls) 2 to 8 years of age. Children with an abnormal tympanogram and simultaneous otomicroscopic signs of effusion were given a diagnosis of OME. Results: The overall prevalence of OME was 4.3%. By age group, the prevalence was 14.0% in 2-year-olds, 8.3% in 3-year-olds, 5.0% in 4-year-olds, 4.9% in 5-year-olds, 2.8% in 6-year-olds, 1.7% in 7-year-olds, and 3.2% in 8-year-olds. The prevalence rate for OME was 4.7% for boys versus 3.9% for girls, and 3.0% in the right ear versus 2.7% in the left, showing no statistically significant difference between genders or between ear sides (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of OME in urban areas of Xi'an is not high in comparison with that of the same age group in surrounding areas.
Oropharyngeal Syphilis among Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Ablanedo-Terrazas Yuria , la Barrera Claudia Alvarado-De , Ruiz-Cruz Matilde , Reyes-Terán Gustavo 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: There has been a reemergence of syphilis among men who have sex with men over the past decade, especially in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study was aimed at describing the oropharyngeal manifestations of secondary syphilis in HIV-infected patients. We also sought to determine the clinical risk factors for the development of oropharyngeal syphilitic lesions in patients with secondary syphilis. Methods: We performed an observational, comparative, retrospective study of HIV-infected patients who were admitted to a tertiary referral center in Mexico City and who had syphilis according to the criteria of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: We identified 44 patients with syphilis, 31 of whom had secondary syphilis and 9 of whom had oropharyngeal manifestations. Lesions involving the anterior tonsillar pillar were the most common, observed in 5 patients; and tongue lesions were observed in 3 patients. In the patients with secondary syphilis, multivariate analysis showed that the development of oropharyngeal lesions was not associated with age, CD4 and CD8 cell counts, or HIV RNA viral load. Conclusions: The present work shows that oropharyngeal manifestations of secondary syphilis and overlapping stages of syphilis are frequent in HIV-infected patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative study of the oropharyngeal manifestations of syphilis in HIV-infected patients.
The Influence of Motion and Audio Cues on Driver Performance in an Automobile Simulator
Authors: Mclane Robert C. , Wierwille Walter W. 
Published: January 2017

A highway driving simulator with a computer-generated visual display, physical motion cues of roll, yaw, and lateral translation, and velocity-dependent sound/vibration cues was used to investigate the influence of these cues on driver performance. Forty-eight student subjects were randomly allocated to six experimental groups. Each group of eight subjects experienced a unique combination of the motion and audio cues. The control group received a full simulation condition while each of the remaining five groups performed with certain combinations of motion and sound deleted. Each driver generated nine minutes of continuous data from which five performance measures were derived. Results indicate that the performance measures of yaw, lateral, and velocity deviation are significantly affected by the deletion of cues. In support of the hypothesis that driver performance is augmented by the addition of motion cues, statistically significant negative correlations were obtained between the number of motion cues present and the measures of yaw and lateral deviation. With respect to motion and audio cues, recommendations are made regarding simulator design criteria.
An Experimental Study of Driver and Pedestrian Interaction during the Crossing Conflict
Authors: Katz A. , Zaidel D. , Elgrishi A. 
Published: January 2017

A controlled experiment was conducted to determine the relative importance of pedestrian, vehicle, and situational factors in influencing drivers to give way to crossing pedestrians. The following variables were combined in a complete factorial design: (1) type of crossing; (2) distance between oncoming vehicle and pedestrian; (3) orientation of pedestrian; (4) number of pedestrians; and (5) approach velocity of vehicle. Trained pedestrians performed the start of an ordinary street crossing attempt and interacted with regular drivers whose response was measured in terms of changes in vehicle velocity. The experiment was replicated at two sites for a total of 960 crossing trials. The results show that drivers slowed down, or stopped more, for crossing pedestrians when: (1) the approach speed of the vehicle was low; (2) the crossing took place on a marked crosswalk; (3) there was a relatively long distance between the vehicle and the pedestrian's point of entry into the road; (4) a group of pedestrians, rather than an individual, attempted to cross; and, (5) the pedestrian did not look at the approaching vehicle. Additionally, female drivers and older drivers slowed down more than other drivers. Implications of the results for pedestrian safety, road design, and further research are discussed.
Response of Metabolic Encephalopathy to Treatment with Cyanocobalamin
Authors: Bronte-Stewart J. , Chisholm I. A. , Lewis D. R. H. 
Published: January 2017

A patient suffering from metabolic encephalopathy, tobacco amblyopia and a lung abscess is described. The encephalopathy responded to treatment with cyanocobalamin but the tobacco amblyopia failed to improve until treatment with hydroxocobalamin was instituted. The significance of the findings on the possible role of cyanide absorption from the lung abscess is discussed.
Spina Bifida Cystica
Authors: Scott R. , Grant J. C. 
Published: January 2017

One hundred and fifty patients with meningocele, myelomeningocele and myeloencephalocele treated in the 7 years, 1960–66, have been reviewed. There were 24 meningoceles and 126 myelomeningoceles with a mortality of 4.2 per cent in the meningocele group and 57.9 per cent in the myelomeningocele group. Ninety one per cent of the deaths occurred in the first year of life. The commonest causes of death are meningitis, hydrocephalus and pneumonia. Of the 70 known survivors, 21 were in the meningocele group and 2 of them were handicapped. Forty nine were in the myelomingocele group and 32 have a degree of disability involving the lower limbs, the bladder or mental incapacity.
Plasma Insulin Studies in the Diagnosis of Insulinoma
Authors: McKiddie M. T. , Buchanan K. D. , Abernethy R. J. 
Published: January 2017

Plasma insulin levels were measured in 8 patients of whom 5 were surgically proven to have, and 3 had strongly suggestive evidence of, a functioning islet cell tumour. The fasting plasma insulin level was elevated in only 3 patients, despite repeated sampling. The administration of tolbutamide produced an excessive insulin response in 5 of the 8 patients, glucagon produced an excessive insulin response in 4 of 6 patients tested, 1-leucine produced a rise in plasma insulin in 1 of 2 subjects tested and the only subject studied after 50g. oral glucose had a high insulin response. The insulin response was highest after tolbutamide in all but one patient and this would appear to be the single most valuable test. However false negatives may occur and therefore the whole range of tests may have to be performed to establish the diagnosis. Two patients were studied during surgery and in one the insulin content of the tumour was assayed after extraction with acid alcohol. Four patients were studied again after treatment by surgery (2) and diazoxide (2) when normal insulin levels were found.
Problems of an Electrocardiogram Reporting Service
Authors: Short David 
Published: January 2017

One thousand consecutive electrocardiograms (E.C.Gs) of patients with suspected coronary disease recorded in the course of an E.C.G. Service for family doctors have been analysed against the background of the W.H.O. criteria for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Five hundred and sixty seven tracings were abnormal, but only 63 showed conclusive evidence of myocardial infarction, and only six definite evidence that the infarction was recent. Four hundred and thirty three E.C.Gs showed no definite abnormality, but for reasons which are given, coronary heart disease could not be excluded in these cases. The family doctor requires an unequivocal answer to the question: Does this patient suffer from coronary heart disease? This analysis shows that the cardiologist with a single E.C.G. and a brief note before him can seldom give it.
Mortality among Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Innes G. , Millar W. M. 
Published: January 2017

A 5-year follow-up study was carried out of all referrals to the psychiatric services in a Regional Board area. The death registers of the Registrar General for Scotland were searched for all patients who were not known to be alive at the end of the study. Of the 2103 patients included in the original study, 343 were found to have died. This represents 15.9 per cent of males and 16.7 per cent of females referred. Most of the deaths (41%) occurred in the first year of follow-up, 20 per cent in the first 3 months. The overall death rate was approximately twice the expectation based on death rates in the general population of the area. The excess was greatest in those aged under 55 years. All areas of residence, occupations and social classes had increased mortality. Those patients diagnosed as organic psychosis had highest mortality (70%) but all diagnoses had an excessive number of deaths when standardised for age. Of the initial referrals, 1.4 per cent committed suicide during the follow-up period. Apart from neoplasms where deaths were close to expectation, all other broad categories of causes of death were equally involved in the increase. This survey of a total psychiatric referral group (in-patients, out-patients and domiciliary visits and private patients) supports previously reported studies, mainly of in-patients, in their finding of an association between high mortality rates and psychiatric illness. It is possible that this association may result from selective referral to the psychiatric services of those psychiatrically ill patients who exhibit physical symptomatology.
Childhood Leukaemia in Scotland, 1939–68
Authors: Hems G. , Stuart Alice 
Published: January 2017

Data from death certificates of 978 children who died from leukaemia in Scotland before their fifteenth birthday during 1939–68 were analysed. The main findings were the same as those reported for childhood leukaemia in England and Wales and the United States and were as follows: (1) Leukaemia mortality {principally lymphatic leukaemia) increased during the 1940's and 1950's with a slight decline during the 1960's; and (2) Mortality from lymphatic leukaemia rose to a peak at 3 to 4 years of age while mortality from myeloid and monocytic leukaemia was evenly distributed throughout the first 14 years of life. Leukaemia mortality in Scotland was lower than for the majority of countries. During the 1950's the rate was the fifth lowest for males (35 per million) and seventh lowest for females (26 per million) of 25 countries. There was no evidence of an urban-rural gradient or of seasonal variation of onset or mortality or of clustering of cases of leukaemia. Regional variations in leukaemia mortality in Scotland were not significant in contrast to a significant regional variation in leukaemia mortality for adults in Scotland observed by Court Brown et al. (1960).
Inter-Laboratory Discrepancies in Serum Immunoglobulin Estimations
Authors: Ferguson Anne , Dick Heather M. , Fallon R. J. , Logan R. W. , Meudell Carolyn M. 
Published: January 2017

In a collaborative study involving four hospital laboratories Immunoglobulins G, A and M were assayed in 12 human serum specimens. The aims were to define the magnitude of inter-laboratory discrepancies in the values obtained, to identify likely reasons for these discrepancies, and to ascertain whether they were reduced when Immunoglobulins were assayed by comparison with a British Standard preparation. The results of this experiment emphasise the importance of continuing experience in Immunoglobulin assay techniques; there may be considerable variation in the results obtained when the same specimen is tested in different laboratories, or at different times in one laboratory; these discrepancies are reduced if laboratories use reagents from the same source (commercial sources in this case). When the usual laboratory Immunoglobulin standards were replaced by a British Standard preparation, there was no improvement in the results for IgG and IgA assays, but inter-laboratory variation in IgM measurements was significantly reduced.