bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare utilisation, induced labour and caesarean section in the pregnancy after stillbirth: a prospective study
Authors: Gravensteen IK , Jacobsen E‐M , Sandset PM , Helgadottir LB , Rådestad I , Sandvik L , Ekeberg Ø 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate healthcare utilisation, induced labour and caesarean section (CS) in the pregnancy after stillbirth and assess anxiety and dread of childbirth as mediators for these outcomes.DesignPopulation‐based pregnancy cohort study.SettingThe Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.SampleA total of 901 pregnant women; 174 pregnant after stillbirth, 362 pregnant after live birth and 365 previously nulliparous.MethodsData from questionnaires answered in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and information from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.Main outcome measuresSelf‐reported assessment of antenatal care, register‐based assessment of onset and mode of delivery.ResultsWomen with a previous stillbirth had more frequent antenatal visits (mean 10.0; 95% CI 9.4–10.7) compared with women with a previous live birth (mean 6.0; 95% CI 5.8–6.2) and previously nulliparous women (mean 6.3; 95% CI 6.1–6.6). Induced labour and CS, elective and emergency, were also more prevalent in the stillbirth group. The adjusted odds ratio for elective CS was 2.5 (95% CI 1.3–5.0) compared with women with previous live birth and 3.7 (1.8–7.6) compared with previously nulliparous women. Anxiety was a minor mediator for the association between stillbirth and frequency of antenatal visits, whereas dread of childbirth was not a significant mediator for elective CS.ConclusionsWomen pregnant after stillbirth were more ample users of healthcare services and more often had induced labour and CS. The higher frequency of antenatal visits and elective CS could not be accounted for by anxiety or dread of childbirth.Tweetable abstractWomen pregnant after stillbirth are ample users of healthcare services and interventions during childbirth.
The Impact of Childhood Obesity on Health and Health Service Use
Authors: Kinge Jonas Minet , Morris Stephen 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo test the impact of obesity on health and health care use in children, by the use of various methods to account for reverse causality and omitted variables.Data Sources/Study SettingFifteen rounds of the Health Survey for England (1998–2013), which is representative of children and adolescents in England.Study DesignWe use three methods to account for reverse causality and omitted variables in the relationship between BMI and health/health service use: regression with individual, parent, and household control variables; sibling fixed effects; and instrumental variables based on genetic variation in weight.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe include all children and adolescents aged 4–18 years old.Principal FindingsWe find that obesity has a statistically significant and negative impact on self‐rated health and a positive impact on health service use in girls, boys, younger children (aged 4–12), and adolescents (aged 13–18). The findings are comparable in each model in both boys and girls.ConclusionsUsing econometric methods, we have mitigated several confounding factors affecting the impact of obesity in childhood on health and health service use. Our findings suggest that obesity has severe consequences for health and health service use even among children.
The Impact of the ACA Medicaid Expansions on Health Insurance Coverage through 2015 and Coverage Disparities by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender
Authors: Wehby George L. , Lyu Wei 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveExamine the ACA Medicaid expansion effects on Medicaid take‐up and private coverage through 2015 and coverage disparities by age, race/ethnicity, and gender.Data Sources2011–2015 American Community Survey for 3,137,989 low‐educated adults aged 19–64 years.Study DesignDifference‐in‐differences regressions accounting for national coverage trends and state fixed effects.Principal FindingsExpansion effects doubled in 2015 among low‐educated adults, with a nearly 8 percentage‐point increase in Medicaid take‐up and 6 percentage‐point decline in uninsured rate. Significant coverage gains were observed across virtually all examined groups by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Take‐up and insurance declines were strongest among younger adults and were generally close by gender and race/ethnicity. Despite the increased take‐up however, coverage disparities remained sizeable, especially for young adults and Hispanics who had declining but still high uninsured rates in 2015. There was some evidence of private coverage crowd‐out in certain subgroups, particularly among young adults aged 19–26 years and women, including in both individually purchased and employer‐sponsored coverage.ConclusionsThe ACA Medicaid expansions have continued to increase coverage in 2015 across the entire population of low‐educated adults and have reduced age disparities in coverage. However, there is still a need for interventions that target eligible young and Hispanic adults.
FleN and FleQ play a synergistic role in regulating lapA and bcs operons in Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Nie Hailing , Xiao Yujie , Liu Huizhong , He Jinzhi , Chen Wenli , Huang Qiaoyun 
Published: May 2017

SummaryFleN generally functions as an antagonist of FleQ in regulating flagellar genes and biofilm matrix related genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we found that in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, FleN and FleQ play a synergistic role in regulating two biofilm matrix coding operons, lapA and bcs. FleN deletion decreased the transcription of lapA and increased the transcription of bcs operon, and the same trend was observed in fleQ deletion mutant before. In vitro experiments showed that FleN promoted the binding of FleQ to the lapA/bcs promoter DNA especially in the presence of ATP. Both phenotype observation and transcription analysis showed that, similar to fleQ deletion, fleN deletion significantly weaken the effect of high c‐di‐GMP level on biofilm formation, surface winkle phenotype and expression of lapA and bcs operons. Mutagenesis of the putative ATP binding motif in FleNK21Q revealed that FleN ATPase activity played an essential role in the regulation of flagellar number and swimming motility but was not critical for biofilm formation. Our results revealed that FleN was not an antagonist of FleQ but a synergistic factor of FleQ in regulating the two biofilm matrix coding operons in P. putida KT2440.
New species of Acizzia (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) from an Australian endemic Solanum (Solanaceae)
Authors: Taylor Gary S 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAcizzia yeni sp. nov. is described from a single population on the Australian native plant, money‐leaf nightshade, Solanum nummularium S. Moore following its discovery during the 2009 ‘Bush Blitz’ survey of Lochada Reserve in semi‐arid Western Australia. The Australian Solanum‐feeding Acizzia now comprise four described species in a morphologically defined monophyletic group: Acizzia alternata Kent & Taylor, Acizzia credoensis Taylor & Kent, Acizzia solanicola Kent & Taylor and A. yeni sp. nov. The host range of these species is expanded from commercial and garden crops, e.g. eggplant, Solanum melongena L. and a weed, wild tobacco bush, Solanum mauritianum Scop., to include the Australian endemics flannel bush, Solanum lasiophyllum Dunal, Solanum nummularium and rock nightshade, Solanum petrophilum F. Muell. Notably, two of these species, A. credoensis and A. yeni sp. nov., were discovered, and the native host of another, A. solanicola, was identified as a direct result of Bush Blitz surveys in arid inland Australia, thereby establishing the Australian origin of the solanaceous‐feeding Acizzia. Further to updating our knowledge of the Australian biota, Bush Blitz surveys are here identified as a novel serendipitous means of providing targeted surveillance towards an increasingly economically important group of psyllids for pre‐emptive plant biosecurity.
Lung function parameters in omalizumab responder patients: An interesting tool?
Authors: Paganin F. , Mangiapan G. , Proust A. , Prudhomme A. , Attia J. , Marchand‐Adam S. , Pellet F. , Milhe F. , Melloni B. , Bernady A. , Raspaud C. , Nocent C. , Berger P. , Guilleminault L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundOmalizumab, an anti‐IgE antibody, is used to treat patients with severe allergic asthma. The evolution of lung function parameters over time and the difference between omalizumab responder and nonresponder patients remain inconclusive. The objective of this real‐life study was to compare the changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of omalizumab responders and nonresponders at 6 months.MethodsA multicenter analysis was performed in 10 secondary and tertiary institutions. Lung function parameters (forced vital capacity (FVC), pre‐ and postbronchodilator FEV1, residual volume (RV), and total lung capacity (TLC) were determined at baseline and at 6 months. Omalizumab response was assessed at the 6‐month visit. In the omalizumab responder patients, lung function parameters were also obtained at 12, 18, and 24 months.ResultsMean prebronchodilator FEV1 showed improvement in responders at 6 months, while a decrease was observed in nonresponders (+0.2±0.4 L and −0.1±0.4 L, respectively, P<.01). After an improvement at 6 months, pre‐ and postbronchodilator FEV1 remained stable at 12, 18, and 24 months. The FEV1/FVC remained unchanged over time, but the proportion of patients with an FEV1/FVC ratio <0.7 decreased at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months (55.2%, 54.0%, 54.0%, and 44.8%, respectively, P<.05). Mean RV values decreased at 6 months but increased at 12 months and 24 months (P<.05). Residual volume/total lung capacity (RV/TLC) ratio decreased at 6 months and remained unchanged at 24 months.ConclusionAfter omalizumab initiation, FEV1 improved at 6 months in responder patients and then remained stable for 2 years. RV and RV/TLC improved at 6 months.
Use of time and adolescent health‐related quality of life/well‐being: a scoping review
Authors: Wong Monica , Lycett Kate , Olds Tim , Gold Lisa , Wake Melissa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTime use could profoundly affect adolescents' health‐related quality of life (HRQL). Ideally, overall time use patterns would be considered, because activities within a 24‐hour day are inherently correlated (more in one activity means less in another). This review focused on the associations of (i) overall time use patterns and (ii) components of time use patterns with HRQL in adolescents.ConclusionMore physical activity, less screen time and more/adequate sleep, in isolation, are associated with better profile‐based HRQL subscales. Greater understanding of adolescents' overall time use patterns and HRQL is, therefore, a priority for policy development.
Evaluating an educational intervention to alleviate distress amongst men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and their partners
Authors: Hedden Lindsay , Wassersug Richard , Mahovlich Sarah , Pollock Phil , Sundar Monita , Bell Robert H. , Goldenberg Larry , Higano Celestia S. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo determine whether an education session alleviates distress for both patients with prostate cancer and their partners; and whether their partner's attendance at the session; and disease, treatment, and sociodemographic characteristics affect changes in distress levels.Patients, Subjects and MethodsWe identified men with untreated prostate cancer at the Vancouver Prostate Centre between February 2015 and March 2016 who agreed to attend our education session. The session consisted of a didactic presentation covering the biology of prostate cancer, treatment options, and side‐effects, followed by a private joint session with a urologist and radiation oncologist. We assessed distress using the Distress Thermometer (DT) and compared pre‐ and post‐session distress, and change in distress between patients and partners using matched and unmatchedt‐tests, respectively. We also assessed pre‐session anxiety using the seven‐item Generalised Anxiety Disorder measure, and decisional certainty using the Decisional Conflict Scale.ResultsIn all, 71 patients and 48 partners participated in the study. Attending the session led to a significant reduction in the medianDTscore for patients (4.0–3.0,P< 0.01) and partners (5.0–4.0,P= 0.02). Partners reported higher distress both before and after the session (4.9 vs 3.8,P= 0.03 pre‐session and 4.2 vs 3.2,P= 0.03 post‐session). The presence of a partner at the session did not affect patients’ pre‐ or post‐session distress or the success of the session at alleviating distress. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics had little effect on distress levels.ConclusionsAn interdisciplinary education session is equally effective at alleviating distress for both patients with prostate cancer and their female partners.
Deglacial dynamics of the Vestfjorden – Trænadjupet palaeo‐ice stream, northern Norway
Authors: Laberg Jan Sverre , Eilertsen Raymond S. , Salomonsen Gaute R. 
Published: May 2017

Few well‐dated records of the deglacial dynamics of the large palaeo‐ice streams of the major Northern Hemisphere ice sheets are presently available, a prerequisite for an improved understanding of the ice‐sheet response to the climate warming of this period. Here we present a transect of gravity‐core samples through Trænadjupet and Vestfjorden, northern Norway, the location of the Trænadjupet – Vestfjorden palaeo‐ice stream of the NW sector of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. Initial ice recession from the shelf break to the coastal area (~400 km) occurred at an average rate of about 195 m a−1, followed by two ice re‐advances, at 16.6–16.4 ka BP (the Røst re‐advance) and at 15.8–15.6 ka BP (the Værøy re‐advance), the former at an estimated ice‐advance rate of 216 m a−1. The Røst re‐advance has been interpreted to be part of a climatically induced regional cold spell while the Værøy re‐advance was restricted to the Vestfjorden area and possibly formed as a consequence of internal ice‐sheet dynamics. Younger increases in IRD content have been correlated to the Skarpnes (Bølling – Older Dryas) and Tromsø – Lyngen (Younger Dryas) Events. Overall, the decaying Vestfjorden palaeo‐ice stream responded to the climatic fluctuations of this period but ice response due to internal reorganization is also suggested. Separating the two is important when evaluating the climatic response of the ice stream. As demonstrated here, the latter may be identified using a regional approach involving the study of several palaeo‐ice streams. The retreat rates reported here are of the same order of magnitude as rates reported for ice streams of the southern part of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet, implying no latitudinal differences in ice response and retreat rate for this ~1000 km2 sector of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet (~60–68°N) during the climate warming of this period.
Cosmopolitism and Localism in the Brazilian Social Sciences
Authors: Botelho André , Ricupero Bernardo , Brasil Antonio 
Published: May 2017

This article analyzes the main trends of sociology and political science in Brazil. It uses as empirical data the workgroups and the bibliographical reviews sponsored by the Associação Nacional de Pós‐Graduação e Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais (ANPOCS), a scientific association that organizes much of the debate in the Brazilian social sciences in the last 40 years. From these data, it is verified that sociology and political science in Brazil combine a universalist vocation, in relation to its themes and problems, with an almost exclusive focus on Brazilian society. It is also considered that the current coup d'État imposes new interpretative challenges to Brazilian social sciences, which can no longer consider stable or irreversible the process of democratization of society and its political institutions.Cet article analyse les grandes tendances de la sociologie et de la science politique au Brésil. Il se fonde sur des données empiriques venant de groupes de travail et de recensions bibliothécaires sponsorisés par l'Associação Nacional de Pós‐Graduação e Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais (ANPOCS), une association scientifique qui a organisé la plupart des débats dans les sciences sociales brésiliennes au cours des 40 dernières années. Il en découle que la sociologie et la science politique au Brésil combinent une vocation universelle, en relation avec ses thèmes et ses problèmes, et un focus presqu'exclusivement centré sur la société brésilienne. Il est aussi démontré que le coup d'État en court impose de nouveaux défis interprétatifs dans les sciences sociales brésiliennes, qui ne peuvent plus considérer le processus de démocratisation de la société et de ses institutions politiques comme étant stables ou irréversibles.
Immune monitoring as prerequisite for transplantation tolerance trials
Authors: Behnam Sani K , Sawitzki B 
Published: May 2017

Summary
Ever since its first application in clinical medicine, scientists have been urged to induce tolerance towards foreign allogeneic transplants and thus avoid rejection by the recipient's immune system. This would circumvent chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs (IS) and thus avoid development of IS-induced side effects, which are contributing to the still unsatisfactory long-term graft and patient survival after solid organ transplantation. Although manifold strategies of tolerance induction have been described in preclinical models, only three therapeutic approaches have been utilized successfully in a still small number of patients. These approaches are based on (i) IS withdrawal in spontaneous operational tolerant (SOT) patients, (ii) induction of a mixed chimerism and (iii) adoptive transfer of regulatory cells. Results of clinical trials utilizing these approaches show that tolerance induction does not work in all patients. Thus, there is a need for reliable biomarkers, which can be used for patient selection and post-therapeutic immune monitoring of safety, success and failure. In this review, we summarize recent achievements in the identification and validation of such immunological assays and biomarkers, focusing mainly on kidney and liver transplantation. From the published findings so far, it has become clear that indicative biomarkers may vary between different therapeutic approaches applied and organs transplanted. Also, patient numbers studied so far are very small. This is the main reason why nearly all described parameters lack validation and reproducibility testing in large clinical trials, and are therefore not yet suitable for clinical practice.
T helper type 1-related molecules as well as interleukin-15 are hyperexpressed in the skin lesions of patients with pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Antiga E , Maglie R , Volpi W , Bianchi B , Berti E , Marzano A V , Caproni M 
Published: May 2017

SummaryPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, immune-mediated skin disease classified into the group of neutrophilic dermatoses. Although a number of studies confirmed the central role of innate immunity, only few studies have investigated the possible contributing role of acquired immunity. In particular, no reports concerning T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells are available as yet. Therefore, 15 patients with PG, five with Sweet's syndrome (SS) and nine skin specimens from healthy controls (HC) were investigated, evaluating the expression of Th1-related markers interleukin (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), of the Th2-related molecules IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and CCR3, of the co-stimulatory axis CD40/CD40 ligand, of IL-15 and the natural killer (NK) cell marker CD56 in skin lesions by immunohistochemistry. Patients with PG and SS showed a higher expression of Th1 markers than HC. Conversely, IL-5- and CCR3-expressing cells were less numerous in PG skin lesions compared to SS (P = 0·0157 and &lt; 0·0001, respectively). Both CD40 and CD40L were expressed more in PG than in SS and HC (P &lt; 0·0001 for both). Finally, the number of IL-15+ and CD56+ cells was higher in the skin of patients with PG than in those of SS and HC (P &lt; 0·0001 for both). Our results suggest that Th2 cells are down-regulated in PG. At the same time, over-expression of the co-stimulatory axis CD40/CD40L amplifies the impairment of the Th1/Th2 balance. Both these findings might explain the most aggressive behaviour of PG in comparison to SS. Moreover, over-expression of IL-15+ and CD56+ cells may suggest a possible role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Management and outcome of clinically evident neck recurrence in patients with papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Wang Laura Y. , Migliacci Jocelyn C. , Tuttle R. Michael , Shaha Ashok R. , Shah Jatin P. , Patel Snehal G. , Ganly Ian 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe aim of this study was to report our incidence of clinically evident neck recurrence, salvage neck management and subsequent outcomes in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. This is important to know so that patients with thyroid cancer can be properly counselled about the implications of recurrent disease and subsequent outcome.MethodsAn institutional database of 3664 patients with thyroid cancer operated between 1986 and 2010 was reviewed. Patients with nonpapillary histology and gross residual disease and those with distant metastases at presentation or distant metastases prior to nodal recurrence were excluded from the study. Of these, 99 (3.0%) patients developed clinically evident nodal recurrence. Details of recurrence and subsequent therapy were recorded for each patient. Subsequent disease‐specific survival (sDSS), distant recurrence‐free survival (sDRFS) and nodal recurrence‐free survival (sNRFS) were determined from the date of first nodal recurrence using the Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsOf the 99 patients, 59% were female and 41% male. The median age was 41 years (range 5‐91). The majority of patients had pT3/4 primary tumours (63%) and were pN+ (78%) at initial presentation. The median time to clinically evident nodal recurrence was 28 months (range: 3‐264). Nodal recurrence occurred in the central neck in 15 (15%) patients, lateral neck in 74 (75%) patients and both in 10 (10%) patients. After salvage treatment, the 5‐year sDSS was 97.4% from time of nodal recurrence. The 5‐year sDRFS and sNRFS were 89.2% and 93.7%, respectively.ConclusionIn our series, isolated clinically evident nodal recurrence occurred in 3.0% of patients. Such patients are successfully salvaged with surgery and adjuvant therapy with sDSS of 97.4% at 5 years.