bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous determination of serum propafenone and its metabolites using high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Shirayama Yuki , Doki Kosuke , Sekiguchi Yukio , Aonuma Kazutaka , Kohda Yukinao , Homma Masato 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPropafenone, a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent, is metabolized to 5‐hydroxypropafeone (5‐OHP) and N‐depropylpropafenone (NDPP). Simultaneous determination of serum propafenone and its metabolites was performed using HPLC equipped with a conventional octadecylsilyl silica column and ultraviolet detector. The wavelength was set at 250 nm. Propafenone and its metabolites in the serum were extracted using diethyl ether. The mobile phase solution, comprising 1‐pentanesulfonic acid sodium salt (0.1 m), acetonitrile and acetic acid (280:185:2.5, v/v/v), was pumped at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The recoveries of propafenone, 5‐OHP and NDPP were greater than 85, 82 and 60%, respectively, with the coefficients of variation (CVs) less than 5.4, 1.9 and 2.9%, respectively. The calibration curves were linear for a concentration range of 12.5–1500 ng/mL for propafenone and 2–500 ng/mL for 5‐OHP and NDPP (r > 0.999). CVs in the intraday assays were 1.0–3.8% for propafenone, 0.6–2.0% for 5‐OHP and 0.6–1.7% for NDPP. CVs in interday assays were 1.3–7.7% for propafenone, 1.1–6.5% for 5‐OHP and 5.4–8.0% for NDPP. The present HPLC method can be used to assess the disposition of propafenone and its metabolites for pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic drug monitoring of propafenone.
Do consumers care about the message a claim conveys? The magic bullet effect of organic and domestic claims on food products
Authors: Scholl‐Grissemann Ursula 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAccording to the magic bullet effect, as it relates to organic and domestic claims on food products, consumers may attribute inappropriate benefits to a claim. An experimental study reveals 2 such effects, from organic claims to domestic benefits, such that customers attribute domestic benefits to organic claims, and from domestic claims to organic benefits, such that consumers attribute organic benefits to domestic claims. This effect is strengthened by consumers' degree of national identification and ethnocentric beliefs. In line with prior research, the results indicate that consumers pay little attention to the information the claim conveys and instead find what they are looking for by reading into the product claims. These findings have important implications for not only marketing management but also public policies that seek to reduce any confusion created by organic and domestic claims on food products.
A case of successful bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation of an adult with Bland‐White‐Garland syndrome
Authors: Fukuoka Hidetada , Watanabe Tetsuya , Shinoda Yukinori , Ikeoka Kuniyasu , Minamisaka Tomoko , Inui Hirooki , Ueno Keisuke , Inoue Soki , Mine Kentaro , Toda Koichi , Sawa Yoshiki , Hoshida Shiro 
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical MessageIn Japan and worldwide, the increase in educational interventions about resuscitation training significantly increases favorable neurological survival in out‐of‐hospital cardiopulmonary arrest cases treated with bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) each year. This case with Bland‐White‐Garland syndrome having high‐quality BCPR by nurses demonstrates the importance of education about BCPR.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Spiro‐Tetrahydrothiophene Oxindoles Bearing Four Contiguous Stereocenters by One‐Pot Michael–Henry‐Cascade–Rearrangement Reactions
Authors: Wang Shengzheng , Guo Zhongjie , Chen Shuqiang , Jiang Yan , Zhang Fan , Liu Xueying , Chen Weiping , Sheng Chunquan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAsymmetric construction of tetrahydrothiophenes with four contiguous stereocenters remains a formidable challenge. Herein, the bottleneck was addressed by an unprecedented one‐pot Michael–Henry‐cascade–rearrangement reaction that could simultaneously create four consecutive stereogenic centers including two tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters. The highly functionalized chiral spirotetrahydrothiophene scaffolds were assembled in moderate to good yields (≈54–79 %), excellent diastereo‐ (>20:1 d.r.) and enantio‐selectivities (up to 93 % ee).
A Solid Iridium Catalyst for Diastereoselective Hydrogenation
Authors: Romanenko Iuliia , Jaffeux Louis , Veyre Laurent , Lacôte Emmanuel , Meille Valérie , Thieuleux Chloé 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn Ir(NHC) supported catalyst is used in the selective hydrogenation of terpinen‐4‐ol to cis p‐menthan‐4‐ol. Its activity, selectivity and stability are compared to those of a homogeneous homologue [IrCl(COD)MesImPr] and to a commercial Pd/C. The solid Ir catalyst is much more selective than the Pd catalyst (92 vs. 42 % at 80 °C) but also more active, more selective and more stable than the iridium complex in solution. For the first time, a supported catalyst shows an enhanced activity with respect to a complex in a diastereoselective hydrogenation reaction.
An FeIII Azamacrocyclic Complex as a pH‐Tunable Catholyte and Anolyte for Redox‐Flow Battery Applications
Authors: Tsitovich Pavel B. , Kosswattaarachchi Anjula M. , Crawley Matthew R. , Tittiris Timothy Y. , Cook Timothy R. , Morrow Janet R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA reversible Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple of an azamacrocyclic complex is evaluated as an electrolyte with a pH‐tunable potential range for aqueous redox‐flow batteries (RFBs). The FeIII complex is formed by 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (TACN) appended with three 2‐methyl‐imidazole donors, denoted as Fe(Tim). This complex exhibits pH‐sensitive redox couples that span E1/2(Fe3+/Fe2+)=317 to −270 mV vs. NHE at pH 3.3 and pH 12.8, respectively. The 590 mV shift in potential and kinetic inertness are driven by ionization of the imidazoles at various pH values. The Fe3+/Fe2+ redox is proton‐coupled at alkaline conditions, and bulk electrolysis is non‐destructive. The electrolyte demonstrates high charge/discharge capacities at both acidic and alkaline conditions throughout 100 cycles. Given its tunable redox, fast electrochemical kinetics, exceptional stability/cyclability, this complex is promising for the design of aqueous RFB catholytes and anolytes that utilize the earth‐abundant element iron.
Deoxygenation of stearic acid with a novel Ni(CO)‐MoS2/Fe3S4 catalyst
Authors: Sharifvaghefi Seyyedmajid , Zheng Ying 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMagnetically recyclable Ni(Co)‐promoted MoS2 catalysts with greigite (G) core were synthesized and their activity and selectivity in hydrodeoxygenation of stearic acid were investigated. The activity of the catalysts tested at 320 °C and H2 initial pressure of 3.5 MPa could be ranked as NiMo/G > CoMo/G > Mo/G. Two main products were detected, C18 (through HDO pathway) and C17 hydrocarbons (through DCO pathway). HDO was the dominant pathway for all of the catalysts. As for the C18/C17 ratio, the catalysts were found to be in the order: Mo/G > CoMo/G ≈ NiMo/G. The Paraffin/Olefin ratio was over 1 for all of the catalysts with NiMo/G showing the highest ratio. Stearic acid was found to have an inhibiting effect on the adsorption of intermediates over the active sites. Moreover, the concentrations of intermediates decreased at high conversions of stearic acid. The formation of the intermediate aldehyde is through C–O hydrogenolysis of the fatty acid following the protonation, dehydrogenation, and hydride addition steps. The same steps were suggested to be involved in the transformation of the aldehyde to the alcohol. Formation of Cn‐1 hydrocarbons was found to be via decarbonylation route. The enhancement of the DCO pathway over the promoted catalysts was related to the electron transfer from the promoting atom to an adjacent sulphur atom and reduction in sulphur‐metal bond strength.
Randomized trial of Tibetan yoga in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Chaoul Alejandro , Milbury Kathrin , Spelman Amy , Basen‐Engquist Karen , Hall Martica H. , Wei Qi , Shih Ya‐Chen Tina , Arun Banu , Valero Vicente , Perkins George H. , Babiera Gildy V. , Wangyal Tenzin , Engle Rosalinda , Harrison Carol A. , Li Yisheng , Cohen Lorenzo 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDThe current randomized trial examined the effects of a Tibetan yoga program (TYP) versus a stretching program (STP) and usual care (UC) on sleep and fatigue in women with breast cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy.METHODSWomen with stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM) I to III breast cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy were randomized to TYP (74 women), STP (68 women), or UC (85 women). Participants in the TYP and STP groups participated in 4 sessions during chemotherapy, followed by 3 booster sessions over the subsequent 6 months, and were encouraged to practice at home. Self‐report measures of sleep disturbances (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), fatigue (Brief Fatigue Inventory), and actigraphy were collected at baseline; 1 week after treatment; and at 3, 6, and 12 months.RESULTSThere were no group differences noted in total sleep disturbances or fatigue levels over time. However, patients in the TYP group reported fewer daily disturbances 1 week after treatment compared with those in the STP (difference, ‐0.43; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], ‐0.82 to ‐0.04 [P = .03]) and UC (difference, ‐0.41; 95% CI, ‐0.77 to ‐0.05 [P = .02]) groups. Group differences at the other time points were maintained for TYP versus STP. Actigraphy data revealed greater minutes awake after sleep onset for patients in the STP group 1 week after treatment versus those in the TYP (difference, 15.36; 95% CI, 7.25‐23.48 [P = .0003]) and UC (difference, 14.48; 95% CI, 7.09‐21.87 [P = .0002]) groups. Patients in the TYP group who practiced at least 2 times a week during follow‐up reported better Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and actigraphy outcomes at 3 months and 6 months after treatment compared with those who did not and better outcomes compared with those in the UC group.CONCLUSIONSParticipating in TYP during chemotherapy resulted in modest short‐term benefits in sleep quality, with long‐term benefits emerging over time for those who practiced TYP at least 2 times a week. Cancer 2018;124:36‐45. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP): Implications for the risk of malignancy (ROM) in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC)
Authors: Zhou Haijun , Baloch Zubair W. , Nayar Ritu , Bizzarro Tommaso , Fadda Guido , Adhikari‐Guragain Deepti , Hatem Joseph , Larocca Luigi M. , Samolczyk Julia , Slade Jamie , Rossi Esther Diana 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDThe introduction of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) affects the risk of malignancy (ROM) mostly in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) categories. In this multi‐institutional, retrospective study, the authors investigated variations in the impact of an NIFTP diagnosis on the associated ROM for each TBSRTC category with an emphasis on the influence of pathologist and institutional diagnostic thresholds on the ROM.METHODSBaseline data on cytology and histology diagnostic categories were collected over a 3‐year period at 3 academic center hospitals (institutions A, B, and C). Histology slides for all cases diagnosed as follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) were re‐reviewed at each institution, and those that qualifying as NIFTP were separated from other PTCs.RESULTSThe collective case cohort from the 3 institutions included 15,973 thyroid fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) specimens and 5090 thyroid surgical resection specimens. Significant differences in baseline cytology and histology data were noted among the 3 institutions. The number of cases classified as NIFTP compared with FVPTC was highly variable (institution A, 14%; institution B, 39%; and institution C, 12%). For 3250 resected thyroid nodules with a previous FNAC diagnosis, the average decrease in ROM after the exclusion of NIFTP for all TBSRTC categories was as follows: institution A, 9.8%; institution B, 3.9%; and institution C, 1.3%.CONCLUSIONSThe institutional frequency of NIFTP histopathology diagnosis and cytology baseline data will impact the ROM associated with specific FNAC diagnoses, especially among the indeterminate TBSRTC categories. The range of ROM for each TBSRTC diagnostic category is reflective of the inherent diagnostic thresholds and interobserver and interinstitutional variability in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:20‐6. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Selective expression of eGFP in mouse perivascular astrocytes by modification of the Mlc1 gene using T2A‐based ribosome skipping
Authors: Toutounchian Jordan J. , McCarty Joseph H. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryPerivascular astrocyte end feet closely juxtapose cerebral blood vessels to regulate important developmental and physiological processes including endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting as well as the formation of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). The mechanisms underlying these events remain largely unknown due to a lack of experimental models for identifying perivascular astrocytes and distinguishing these cell types from other astroglial populations. Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1 (Mlc1) is a transmembrane protein that is expressed in perivascular astrocyte end feet where it controls BBB development and homeostasis. On the basis of this knowledge, we used T2A peptide‐skipping strategies to engineer a knock‐in mouse model in which the endogenous Mlc1 gene drives expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), without impacting expression of Mlc1 protein. Analysis of fetal, neonatal and adult Mlc1‐eGFP knock‐in mice revealed a dynamic spatiotemporal expression pattern of eGFP in glial cells, including nestin‐expressing neuroepithelial cells during development and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐expressing perivascular astrocytes in the postnatal brain. EGFP was not expressed in neurons, microglia, oligodendroglia, or cerebral vascular cells. Analysis of angiogenesis in the neonatal retina also revealed enriched Mlc1‐driven eGFP expression in perivascular astrocytes that contact sprouting blood vessels and regulate blood‐retinal barrier permeability. A cortical injury model revealed that Mlc1‐eGFP expression is progressively induced in reactive astrocytes that form a glial scar. Hence, Mlc1‐eGFP knock‐in mice are a new and powerful tool to identify perivascular astrocytes in the brain and retina and characterize how these cell types regulate cerebral blood vessel functions in health and disease.
Flight is the key to postprandial blood glucose balance in the fruit batsEonycteris spelaeaandCynopterus sphinx
Authors: Peng Xingwen , He Xiangyang , Liu Qi , Sun Yunxiao , Liu Hui , Zhang Qin , Liang Jie , Peng Zhen , Liu Zhixiao , Zhang Libiao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractExcessive sugar consumption could lead to high blood glucose levels that are harmful to mammalian health and life. Despite consuming large amounts of sugar‐rich food, fruit bats have a longer lifespan, raising the question of how these bats overcome potential hyperglycemia. We investigated the change of blood glucose level in nectar‐feeding bats (Eonycteris spelaea) and fruit‐eating bats (Cynopterus sphinx) via adjusting their sugar intake and time of flight. We found that the maximum blood glucose level ofC. sphinxwas higher than 24 mmol/L that is considered to be pathological in other mammals. AfterC. sphinxbats spent approximately 75% of their time to fly, their blood glucose levels dropped markedly, and the blood glucose ofE. spelaeafell to the fast levels after they spent 70% time of fly. Thus, the level of blood glucose elevated with the quantity of sugar intake but declined with the time of flight. Our results indicate that high‐intensive flight is a key regulator for blood glucose homeostasis during foraging. High‐intensive flight may confer benefits to the fruit bats in foraging success and behavioral interactions and increases the efficiency of pollen and seed disposal mediated by bats.
Discriminating between the roles of late Pleistocene palaeodischarge and geological‐topographic inheritance in fluvial longitudinal profile and channel development
Authors: Gallagher Colman , Balme Matthew , Clifford Nicholas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the influences of palaeohydrology and geological‐topographic inheritance in shaping the channel of the lower River Suir, southeast Ireland. Results of acoustic surveys of the lower River Suir and Waterford Harbour reveal two scales of pseudo‐cyclic river bedforms. Longitudinal elevation profiles of the geological topography (undulating bedrock and till‐mantled bedrock) bounding the present floodplain swath reveal pseudo‐cyclicity in that terrain too. Spectral and statistical analyses are used to quantify the cyclicity of the long profile and geological‐topographic series. These methods show that the dominant cyclicity of the long profile reflects autocorrelation more than inheritance of cyclicity from the bounding geological topography. The cyclicity of the long profile mainly reflects a hydraulic control on pool‐spacing, although some cyclicity probably has been inherited from the geological‐topography. Channel‐forming palaeodischarge is estimated based on the dominant pool‐spacing revealed by spectral analysis, validated using relationships between meander wavelength, channel cross‐sectional geometry and hydraulically‐informed discharge reconstruction. The palaeodischarge estimates are in close agreement and are two orders of magnitude greater than present flood maxima. Significantly, these palaeodischarge estimates also agree closely with palaeodischarge calculated for the submerged Pleistocene palaeochannel that extends across the near‐shore continental shelf from Waterford Harbour. The pool‐sequence of the lower Suir and the submerged palaeochannel represent a former land‐system that was active during a period of low relative sea level during the last glacial. More broadly, the paper offers insights into the landscape evolution of formerly glaciated regions that experienced very wide discharge variability during and after the transition from glacial to interglacial regimes, in a context of complex relative sea level change. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual velocity of sand transport in water
Authors: Parsons Anthony John , Cooper James , Wainwright John , Sekiguchi Tomohiro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUsing the 160‐m‐long flume at Tsukuba University we undertook an experiment to provide a first estimate of the virtual velocity of sand in the size range 0.5–2.0 mm. For the flow velocity used in our experiment this sediment‐size range would conventionally be regarded as suspended sediment. The virtual velocity was found to be 37–41% of the flow velocity. Paradoxically, virtual velocity decreases as particle size decreases. Such a lower virtual velocity of finer sediment is not inconceivable. First, trapping of the sediment appears to be a function of bed roughness, and there is a probable relationship between bed roughness and trapping efficiency for particles of different sizes. Second, finer particles are more likely to find sheltered positions on a rough bed and thus experience lower mobility, relative to the more exposed coarser grains, as observed for bedload transport. Third, the virtual velocity of particles undergoing bedload transport has been found, in some instances, to be lower for finer clasts. We combine our data with previous studies of virtual velocity of bedload to develop, for the first time, a hypothesis for a holistic analysis of sediment movement in rivers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When Public Health Becomes Politicized
Authors: Lerner Barron H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPerhaps nothing symbolizes the current polarized political climate in the United States more than the world of public health. Public health schools and health departments are full of “true believers,” people willing to crusade for any program designed to reduce morbidity and mortality. But in the “real world,” proven programs and strategies—such as gun‐control measures, universal vaccination, and improved traffic safety—are routinely thwarted. Why do critics oppose efforts to improve the public's health? History can provide some answers.
Empty Spaces
Authors: Hulkower Adira 
Published: September 2017

Abstract“I'm Jewish, you know, and my mother said, ‘Always trust the rabbis.’” I never heard Mr. Weisman's refrain from his own lips. I never heard him say any words all. By the time I met him he was in a vegetative state, a man on the precipice of invisibility—white hair, thin pale limbs, melting into sheets of the same color. When I think about Mr. Weisman, I see empty spaces—the absence of his voice, the too‐large bed for his shrinking frame, the always‐empty chair by his bedside, and most of all, the myriad gaps in his life story. He was what in hospitals is often called a “patient alone”: someone who lacks decisional capacity and has no surrogate to make medical decisions for him. Mr. Weisman's aloneness prompted his primary team to consult our bioethics service in order to formulate goals of care for him, including the possibility of hospice care.
Physician‐Assisted Death and Severe, Treatment‐Resistant Depression
Authors: Steinbock Bonnie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractShould people suffering from untreatable psychiatric conditions be eligible for physician‐assisted death? This is possible in Belgium and the Netherlands, where PAD for psychiatric conditions is permitted, though rare, so long as the criteria of due care are met. Those opposed to all instances of PAD point to Belgium and the Netherlands as a dark warning that once PAD is legalized, restricting it will prove impossible because safeguards, such as the requirement that a patient be terminally ill, will inevitably be eroded or discarded. However, some supporters respond that limiting PAD to those suffering from terminal illness, or physical illnesses generally, is arbitrary and illogical. In addition, precisely because such patients are not terminally ill, their suffering may last for years, even the rest of their lives. Finally, severe depression may not be treatable. If PAD is justifiable under some conditions—as I shall assume in this article—then why wouldn't it be justifiable for these patients? Why shouldn't psychiatrists who have nothing else to offer their suffering patients be able to help them to die, if that is what they want?
A Modern, Rational Jeremiad
Authors: Smith David H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractI have been a Daniel Callahan reader for over thirty years. My first published review was of Abortion: Law, Choice, and Morality (1970). Callahan's latest book, The Five Horsemen of the Modern World: Climate, Food, Water, Disease, and Obesity, is a sustained and detailed explanation of a series of challenges facing humankind in this century. Callahan's prognosis is bleak, his analyses credible, and while hope is not lost, the moral of the story is that we had better get our act together fast. Callahan argues that when we face challenges like these, rational persuasion is insufficient. Human emotions must be engaged. Without knowledgeable emotional engagement by millions of people, we are done for. It seems to me that he is really calling for a national cultural conversion experience, rather as, almost three hundred years ago, Jonathan Edwards declared that if there is a hell, it makes good sense to frighten people out of it!