bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A total evidence phylogeny for the processionary moths of the genus Thaumetopoea (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae: Thaumetopoeinae)
Authors: Basso Andrea , Negrisolo Enrico , Zilli Alberto , Battisti Andrea , Cerretti Pierfilippo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractProcessionary moths belong to a group of about 100 species well known for their social behaviour and their urticating systems. The genus Thaumetopoea s.l. includes about 15 species and has been divided into three genera (Helianthocampa, Thaumetopoea s.s., and Traumatocampa) in the last revision, based on key morphological features of the adults and on the host plants of the larvae. We performed a total evidence approach to resolve the phylogeny of the genus Thaumetopoea s.l., analysing all valid taxa included in this group, plus a broad array of close relatives. Thaumetopoea was monophyletic and supported by several apomorphies. Further subclades corroborated by synapomorphies were identified. Our phylogeny suggests that Thaumetopoea must be regarded as a single genus. The mapping of key life history traits on the total evidence tree allowed us to sketch a plausible identikit of the Thaumetopoea ancestor and to track the evolution of the genus. The ancestor originated in the eastern Mediterranean area, and used broadleaved host plants. Subsequently, a switch to conifers occurred, just once, in a large subclade. The ancestor pupated in the soil, like several current species, but in a few taxa this trait was lost, together with the related morphological adaptations.
GSK‐3β Interacts with Dopamine D1 Receptor to Regulate Receptor Function: Implication for Prefrontal Cortical D1 Receptor Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Jing‐Ru , Sun Pei‐Hua , Ren Zhao‐Xiang , Meltzer Herbert Y. , Zhen Xue‐Chu 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIntroductionImpaired dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) function in prefrontal cortex (PFC) is believed to contribute to the PFC hypofunction that has been hypothesized to be associated with negative symptoms and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. It is therefore critical to understand the mechanisms for modulation of D1R function.AimsTo investigate the physical interaction and functional modulation between D1R and GSK‐3β.ResultsD1R and GSK‐3β physically interact in cultured cells and native brain tissues. This direct interaction was found to occur at the S(417)PALS(421) motif in the C‐terminus of D1R. Inhibition of GSK‐3β impaired D1R activation along with a decrease in D1R‐GSK‐3β interaction. GSK‐3β inhibition reduced agonist‐stimulated D1R desensitization and endocytosis, the latter associated with the reduction of membrane translocation of β‐arrestin‐2. Similarly, inhibition of GSK‐3β in rat PFC also resulted in impaired D1R activation and association with GSK‐3β. Moreover, in a NMDA antagonist animal model of schizophrenia, we detected a decrease in prefrontal GSK‐3β activity and D1R‐GSK‐3β association and decreased D1R activation in the PFC.ConclusionsThe present work identified GSK‐3β as a new interacting protein for D1R functional regulation and revealed a novel mechanism for GSK‐3β‐regulated D1R function which may underlie D1R dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Acute effects of water immersion on heart rate variability in participants with heart disease
Authors: Dionne Andrée , Leone Mario , Goulet Serge , Andrich David E. , Pérusse Louis , Comtois Alain‐Steve 
Published: December 2016

SummaryBackgroundWater immersion and aquatic exercise can be an important therapeutic tool in patients suffering from heart disease (HD). However, the effects of water immersion on heart rate variability (HRV) in HD participants remain unknown.MethodsTwenty‐eight volunteers in sinus rhythm within the same age range took part in this study: 18 HD and ten healthy controls (HC). Heart rhythm was collected with a heart rate monitor (sampling rate 1000 Hz) for periods of 10 min at rest in the supine position on land, standing on land (STL) and standing in water (STW) to the xiphoid process.ResultsHeart disease participants had the same response as HC participants to the three experimental conditions (no significant between‐group differences in all HRV variables). STW (immersion) caused in both groups to increase HRV when compared to supine and STL.ConclusionHeart disease participants demonstrate similar beneficial adaptations as HC participants to the effects of immersion, reinforcing the concept that immersion can be a valuable aquatic cardiac rehabilitation tool to acutely increase HRV. Approaches that improve HRV in both healthy and cardiac patients may have a positive impact on the reduction of morbidity and mortality.
Curating in the Open: A Case for Iteratively and Openly Publishing Curatorial Research on the Web
Authors: Owens Trevor 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThrough a case study of using social media tools to open up part of the curatorial research process for an online exhibit on the history of astronomy at the Library of Congress, I offer some initial ideas about how an open approach to sharing curatorial research could significantly expand the impact and reach of such work. Drawing on three distinct emerging conceptions and frameworks for the idea of “open” (open notebook science, linked open data, and open innovation) I suggest how this case study can be used to guide work with existing simple and inexpensive tools and how it could also inform the development of future tools, services and exhibit development methods. This work builds on an ongoing discussion of open data in libraries, archives, and museums. To date, most of that dialog is about object records and not about the stories and narratives cultural heritage institutions tell about them. I suggest ways to make the production of cultural heritage data, as well as the final outputs, part of an open and transparent process.
Flexible Interventions to Increase Family Engagement at Natural History Museum Dioramas
Authors: Knutson Karen , Lyon Mandela , Crowley Kevin , Giarratani Lauren 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA research/practice collaboration designed, implemented, and tested strategies to facilitate family engagement with natural history dioramas. Across a series of design studies, 295 family groups with at least one adult and one child aged 4–18 were observed at a wildlife diorama of deer in their natural habitat. Each mini‐study tested a different intervention intended to encourage families to engage more deeply with the diorama. Compared to a baseline condition where families used the original diorama with no intervention, findings suggested that all interventions supported increased engagement, but that some interventions were more successful at engaging younger children, increasing conversations about biodiversity and ecosystems issues, or in developing science skills such as observation and classification. We make recommendations for supporting family learning at dioramas and also reflect upon how our research/practice partnership was vital to the work.
Is There a Need for Transcendental Arguments in Discourse Ethics?
Authors: Johnston James Scott 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this essay, James Scott Johnston examines Jürgen Habermas's transcendental justification of his discourse theory of morality. According to Johnston, the application of Habermas's theory to educational issues often assumes that this justification is a cogent one. However, if the theory is to provide reasoned and appropriate guidance for educators, the justification of discourse ethics requires closer examination. Johnston argues that Habermas's so‐called “weak” transcendental approach is in fact unsustainable because it fails to reconcile two conflicting schools of philosophical thought: Kant's transcendental idealism and George Herbert Mead's social pragmatism. Johnston concludes that a more plausible justification of the discourse ethical project can be achieved by rejecting Habermas's Kantianism and appealing solely to Mead's social pragmatic conception of rationality.
Reflections on the “Counter” in Educational Counterpublics
Authors: Suissa Judith 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this essay, Judith Suissa draws on the tradition of radical and alternative education, and on some philosophical literature on democratic politics and the role of the political imagination, in order to suggest some ways of thinking about what constitutes an educational counterpublic that are different from those suggested in recent work by philosophers of education. Building on arguments by Nancy Fraser and others about the vital role of counterpublics in the political life of democracies, Suissa suggests that creating educational spaces where the formation, development, imagining, and nurturing of such counterpublics can occur is an important aspect of this role.
UGT1A1 (TA)n genotype is not the major risk factor of cholelithiasis in sickle cell disease children
Authors: Joly Philippe , Renoux Céline , Lacan Philippe , Bertrand Yves , Cannas Giovanna , Garnier Nathalie , Cuzzubbo Daniella , Kebaïli Kamila , Renard Cécile , Gauthier Alexandra , Pialoux Vincent , Martin Cyril , Romana Marc , Connes Philippe 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesBecause of the increased hemolytic rate, a significant proportion of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are prone to develop cholelithiasis. The present study investigated the role of several genetic factors (UGT1A1 promoter (TA)n repeat polymorphism, alpha‐globin status), hematological parameters, clinical severity, and hydroxyurea (HU) therapy on the occurrence of cholelithiasis in SCD.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐eight children (2–18 yr old) regularly followed at the University Hospital of Lyon (France) were included. A multivariate Cox model was used to test the associations between cholelithiasis and the different parameters analyzed.ResultsWe confirmed that alpha‐thalassemia and low basal reticulocyte (RET) count were independent protective factors for cholelithiasis while 7/7, 8/8 and 7/8 UGT1A1 (TA)n genotypes were independent predisposing factors for this complication. We also showed for the first time that HU treatment decreased the risk for cholelithiasis while frequent vaso‐occlusive crises and acute chest syndrome events increased that risk.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that UGT1A1 (TA)n polymorphism is not the only factor triggering gallstone formation in SCD. Cholelithiasis is also modulated by RET count, the number of deleted alpha‐genes, HU therapy and the frequency of vaso‐occlusive events.
Stimulus‐specific adaptation to visual but not auditory motion direction in the barn owl's optic tectum
Authors: Wasmuht Dante F. , Pena Jose L. , Gutfreund Yoram 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWhether the auditory and visual systems use a similar coding strategy to represent motion direction is an open question. We investigated this question in the barn owl's optic tectum (OT) testing stimulus‐specific adaptation (SSA) to the direction of motion. SSA, the reduction of the response to a repetitive stimulus that does not generalize to other stimuli, has been well established in OT neurons. SSA suggests a separate representation of the adapted stimulus in upstream pathways. So far, only SSA to static stimuli has been studied in the OT. Here, we examined adaptation to moving auditory and visual stimuli. SSA to motion direction was examined using repeated presentations of moving stimuli, occasionally switching motion to the opposite direction. Acoustic motion was either mimicked by varying binaural spatial cues or implemented in free field using a speaker array. While OT neurons displayed SSA to motion direction in visual space, neither stimulation paradigms elicited significant SSA to auditory motion direction. These findings show a qualitative difference in how auditory and visual motion is processed in the OT and support the existence of dedicated circuitry for representing motion direction in the early stages of visual but not the auditory system.
Circadian regulation of mouse suprachiasmatic nuclei neuronal states shapes responses to orexin
Authors: Belle Mino D. C. , Piggins Hugh D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOur knowledge of how circadian and homeostatic brain circuits interact to temporally organize physiology and behavior is limited. Progress has been made with the determination that lateral hypothalamic orexin (OXA) neurons control arousal and appetitive states, while suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) neurons function as the master circadian clock. During the day, SCN neurons exhibit heterogeneity in spontaneous resting membrane potential (RMP), with some neurons becoming severely depolarized (hyperexcited) and ceasing to fire action potentials (APs), while other neurons rest at moderate RMP and fire APs. Intriguingly, the day phase is when the SCN clock is most readily influenced by arousal, but it is unclear if and how heterogeneity in the excitability state of SCN neurons shapes their response to arousal signals, such as OXA. In whole‐cell recordings we show that during the day OXA recruits GABA‐GABAA receptor signaling to suppress the RMP of hyperexcited silent as well as moderately hyperpolarized AP‐firing SCN neurons. In the AP‐firing neurons, OXA hyperpolarized and silenced these SCN cells, while in the hyperexcited silent neurons OXA suppressed the RMP of these cells and evoked either AP‐firing, depolarized low‐amplitude membrane oscillations, or continued silence at a reduced RMP. These results demonstrate how the resting state of SCN neurons determines their response to OXA, and illustrate that the inhibitory action of this neurochemical correlate of arousal can trigger paradoxical AP firing.
Innovation‐Related Diversification and Firm Value
Authors: Rong Zhao , Xiao Sheng 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe examine a novel determinant of corporate diversification and its valuation effect: corporate innovations. We find consistent evidence that corporate innovations increase the extent of diversification. To establish causality, we estimate the firm fixed effects, 2SLS and GMM models. The 2SLS model uses the US state‐level R&D tax credits as an instrumental variable for corporate innovations. We also find that a firm is more likely to diversify into an industry where it has more applicable innovations. Further, such innovation‐related diversification is associated with significantly higher firm value. Our results are robust to various measures of corporate innovations.
Lake bacterioplankton dynamics over diurnal timescales
Authors: Grubisic Lorena M. , Bertilsson Stefan , Eiler Alexander , Heinrich Friederike , Brutemark Andreas , Alonso‐Sáez Laura , Andersson Anders F. , Gantner Stephan , Riemann Lasse , Beier Sara 
Published: December 2016

Summary

Planktonic bacterial community dynamics over short timescales can be of great importance for food webs and ecosystem functioning but are rarely described when microbial community and composition are assessed. To study the significance of such dynamics we sampled the surface water at the deepest point of a mesotrophic lake (Lake Erken, Sweden) every third hour over two days.

By combining 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes with bromodeoxyuridine immunocapturing of DNA, replicating populations were identified and compared to the community retrieved from total DNA samples. This comparison revealed a significant difference between the actively replicating and total community.

The high‐frequency diurnal sampling was compared to a year‐long survey conducted in the same lake in order to compare the diurnal and seasonal variation in bacterioplankton community composition. At the diurnal‐scale, the variation was significantly higher in the replicating than in the total community. However, variation in both active and total diurnal community was significantly lower than the variation in the seasonal total community.

Our analysis revealed pronounced short‐term dynamics of individual bacterial populations uncoupled from the diurnal light cycle. For example, the proliferating fraction of the most abundant bacterial tribe (LD12) followed a cyclic pattern that covaried with viral abundance. This implies that environmental factors other than light may act as important drivers of microbial community composition, at least in mesotrophic Lake Erken.
Acid rain recovery may help to mitigate the impacts of climate change on thermally sensitive fish in lakes across eastern North America
Authors: Warren Dana R. , Kraft Clifford. E. , Josephson Daniel C. , Driscoll Charles T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFrom the 1970s to 1990s, more stringent air quality regulations were implemented across North America and Europe to reduce chemical emissions that contribute to acid rain. Surface water pH slowly increased during the following decades, but biological recovery lagged behind chemical recovery. Fortunately, this situation is changing. In the past few years, northeastern US fish populations have begun to recover in lakes that were historically incapable of sustaining wild fish due to acidic conditions. As lake ecosystems across the eastern United States recover from acid deposition, the stress to the most susceptible populations of native coldwater fish appears to be shifting from acidification effects to thermal impacts associated with changing climate. Extreme summer temperature events – which are expected to occur with increasing frequency in the coming century – can stress and ultimately kill native coldwater fish in lakes where thermal stratification is absent or highly limited. Based on data from northeastern North America, we argue that recovery from acid deposition has the potential to improve the resilience of coldwater fish populations in some lakes to impacts of climate change. This will occur as the amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the water increases with increasing lake pH. Increased DOC will reduce water clarity and lead to shallower and more persistent lake thermoclines that can provide larger areas of coldwater thermal refuge habitat. Recovery from acidification will not eliminate the threat of climate change to coldwater fish, but secondary effects of acid recovery may improve the resistance of coldwater fish populations in lakes to the effects of elevated summer temperatures in historically acidified ecosystems. This analysis highlights the importance of considering the legacy of past ecosystem impacts and how recovery or persistence of those effects may interact with climate change impacts on biota in the coming decades.
A new approach to optimal discretization of plant functional types in a process‐based ecosystem model with forest management: a case study for temperate conifers
Authors: Peaucelle Marc , Bellassen Valentin , Ciais Philippe , Peñuelas Josep , Viovy Nicolas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimDynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) use a discretization of forest vegetation based on plant functional types (PFTs). The physiological and ecological parameters used to model a given PFT are usually fixed, being defined from point‐based observations, while model applications are often grid‐based. This rigid approach causes spatial biases in the results of DGVM‐simulated productivity and biomass‐related variables. We aim to overcome this limitation with a new approach that uses a hierarchical classification of forest PFT parameters from traits retrieved from the literature and from the TRY global database of plant traits. This approach is applied to temperate conifers in the ORCHIDEE‐FM DGVM, which has previously been shown to produce systematic biases in the simulation of biomass and biomass increments.LocationTemperate coniferous forests in France.MethodsThe five major coniferous species in France, Abies alba, Picea abies, Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris and Pseudotsuga menziesii, were grouped objectively into PFTs within the ORCHIDEE‐FM DGVM using a hierarchical classification based on 12 key attributes related to photosynthesis, phenology and allometric relationships.ResultsWe show that the single PFT covering all temperate coniferous forests used by default in ORCHIDEE‐FM could be replaced by two representative subcategories defined by grouping species‐level data without necessarily having to adopt a set of parameters for each species. The definition of new temperate conifer PFTs with this approach allows us to reduce the spatial heterogeneity by 40% on average in model–measurement misfit for stand volume, growth and stand density at the regional scale.Main conclusionsThe proposed approach to improve the representation of PFTs in DGVMs, while keeping the number of different PFTs manageable, is promising for application to regions where a single PFT can correspond to a number of different species.
NATURE AND THE IRRUPTIVE VIOLENCE OF HISTORY
Authors: BOURG JULIAN 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTHistorical thinking has long defined itself in part through opposition to the natural, in spite of periodic critical efforts to bridge the gap. Deeper in Western traditions of historical reflection are traces of modes of thought through which the distance between human history and nature writ large tends to collapse. Two thinkers not often placed in dialogue—Michel Foucault and Walter Benjamin—both unearthed aspects of this subterranean current. Foucault's The Order of Things maps different moments of Benjamin's trajectory: Renaissance resemblance and the metaphysics of language, classical taxonomy and the baroque “mourning‐play,” and modern history and commodity culture in the nineteenth century. Violence appears periodically as the irruptive and disruptive force that conditions the natural‐historical and thus an anthropocentric history that derives from it: from post‐Edenic Babel to geological cataclysm and corporeal transience to the Marquis de Sade, Karl Marx, capitalism, and total war. Without in any way succumbing to naturalism, that inverse of subject‐centered instrumental reasoning, both Foucault and Benjamin considered the import of the natural‐historical for the eventual articulation of contemporary historical thinking and in doing so contributed to the regeneration of natural history as a mode of thought.
MONSTERS AND PATIENTS: AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF MEDICINE, ISLAM, AND MODERNITY
Authors: RAGAB AHMED 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTFoucault's analysis of the history of evolutionary thought in Les Mots et les choses introduces monsters as incomplete beings that form important steps on the evolutionary ladder toward the terminal species. Monsters represent attempts by nature to achieve the perfection of the terminal species and are, therefore, significant for naturalists in constructing the details of the natural continuum. Despite their incompleteness, monsters underwrite the natural continuum and evidence the grounding of this continuum in reality. To a great extent, the continuum of nature, proposed by Foucault, resembles a continuum of civilization through which the history of the world and the history of colonization were often seen. The non‐European emerged as the monster that showcased the deeper history of the more‐perfect European. In the same way that monsters were written into natural history as intermediary and incomplete beings, losing in the process their uniqueness as independent species, the colonized were written into the (new) World History as objects of colonization, modernization, and development and as the living fossils of a bygone European past. This new history was not only created for European consumption but was also an important part of European‐style education in the colony shaping colonial and postcolonial identities and perceptions of self and other.This article uses Foucauldian monsters to understand the making of historical narratives about the precolonial past in nineteenth‐century Egypt, where one of the earliest European‐style medical schools in Africa and Asia was built in the early nineteenth century. In this school and surrounding emerging educational system, narratives about science, modernity, and religion produced new histories that came to form colonial subjects. Finally, the article asks about a postcolonial/postmonstrous epistemology, what it might look like and whether and how it can emerge from the postcolonial condition.