bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of C, N and P as driver for bacterial community structure in German beech dominated forest soils
Authors: Bergkemper Fabian , Welzl Gerhard , Lang Friederike , Krüger Jaane , Schloter Michael , Schulz Stefanie 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAmong several environmental factors shaping soil microbial communities the impact of soil nutrients is of special interest. While continuous application mainly of N and P dramatically shifts community composition during fertilization, it remains unclear whether this effect is consistent in generic, unfertilized beech forest ecosystems of Germany, where differences in nutrient contents are mostly a result of the parental material and climatic conditions. We postulate that in such ecosystems nutrient effects are less pronounced due to the possibility of the soil microbiome to adapt to the corresponding conditions over decades and the vegetation acts as the major driver. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the bacterial community composition in five different German beech dominated forest soils, representing a natural gradient of total‐ and easily available mineral‐P. A community fingerprinting approach was performed using terminal‐Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, while abundance of bacteria was measured applying quantitative real‐time PCR. Bacterial communities at the five forest sites were distinctly separated, with strongest differences between the end‐members of the P‐gradient. However the majority of identified microbial groups (43%) were present at all sites, forming a core microbiome independent from the differences in soil chemical properties. Especially in the P‐deficient soil the abundance of unique bacterial groups was highly increased, indicating a special adaption of the community to P limitation at this site. In this regard Correspondence Analysis elucidated that exclusively soil pH significantly affected community composition at the investigated sites. In contrast soil C, N and P contents did mainly affect the overall abundance of bacteria.
Seed Mass, Shape and Dormancy in Arid Temperate Degraded Grassland in Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wang Zhengning , Qian Jianqiang , Liu Bo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExtensive studies have been conducted on the relationship between seed mass, shape and persistence in soil. However, the relationship between seed mass, shape and dormancy remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the possible relationship of seed mass and shape with dormancy in 124 plant species from different families, differing in their growth forms, in an arid temperate degraded grassland in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. One‐tailed t‐test was applied to assess the differences in seed mass and shape between dormant and non‐dormant species. Phylogenetically independent contrasts were used to determine whether divergence within individual clades between dormant and non‐dormant seeds was associated with seed mass or seed shape. Our results indicate that the dormant seeds were heavier than 1 mg. Species with dormant seeds had significantly larger seed mass than those with non‐dormant seeds (one‐tailed t‐test = −3·56, p = 0·0005), but there was no significant difference in seed shape between them (one‐tailed t‐test = 0·86, p = 0·195). Furthermore, the relationship between seed mass, shape and dormancy was observed to be linked to phylogeny. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fibrin Association at Hybrid Biointerfaces Made of Clot‐Binding Peptides and Polythiophene
Authors: Puiggalí‐Jou A. , del Valle Luis J. , Armelin Elaine , Alemán Carlos 
Published: July 2016

The properties as biointerfaces of electroactive conducting polymer–peptide biocomposites formed by poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and CREKA or CR(NMe)EKA peptide sequences (where Glu has been replaced by N‐methyl‐Glu in the latter) have been compared. CREKA is a linear pentapeptide that recognizes clotted plasma proteins and selectively homes to tumors, while CR(NMe)EKA is an engineer to improve such properties by altering peptide–fibrin interactions. Differences between PEDOT‐CREKA and PEDOT‐CR(NMe)EKA reflect dissemblance in the organization of the peptides into the polymeric matrix. Both peptides affect fibrinogen thrombin‐catalyzed polymerization causing the immediate formation of fibrin, whereas in the absence of thrombin this phenomenon is only observed for CR(NMe)EKA. Consistently, the fibrin‐adsorption capacity is higher for PEDOT‐CR(NMe)EKA than for PEDOT‐CREKA, even though in both cases adsorbed fibrin exhibits round‐like morphologies rather than the characteristic fibrous structure. PEDOT‐peptide films coated with fibrin are selective in terms of cell adhesion, promoting the attachment of metastatic cells with respect to normal cells.image
Performance of MALDI biotyper compared with Vitek™ 2 compact system for fast identification and discrimination of Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine mastitis
Authors: Elbehiry Ayman , Al‐Dubaib Musaad , Marzouk Eman , Osman Salama , Edrees Husam 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the ability of MALDI Biotyper (MBT) compared with Vitek™ 2 compact system for accurate identification of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CNS) strains and discriminate methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) from methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Throughout Al‐Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, a total of 198 isolates of S. aureus (132 MSSA and 66 MRSA) and 44 CNS were collected from five dairy farms where the prevalence of staphylococcal mastitis was reported. The results produced by Vitek™ 2 compact system demonstrated that 123/132 MSSA isolates (93.18%), 61/66 MRSA (92.42%), and 37/44 CNS species (84.09%) were correctly identified. However; 130/132 MSSA (98.48%), 64/66 MRSA (96.96%), and 44/44 CNS (100%) were correctly identified by MBT with score ≥2. 00. The principal component analysis (PCA) dendrogram generated by MBT illustrated that the tested isolates were classified into two groups of Staphylococcus species at the distance level of 600. S. aureus isolates were found to be closely related with higher peak intensities in the mass of 3,993 Da, 4,121 Da and 5,845 Da were detected in MRSA, whereas, that were lost in MSSA. Conclusion: This study verified that MBT is an alternative powerful tool for precise identification and discrimination of Staphylococcus species.
Combinational effects of muscarinic receptor inhibition and β3‐adrenoceptor stimulation on neurogenic bladder dysfunction in rats with spinal cord injury
Authors: Wada Naoki , Shimizu Takahiro , Takai Shun , Shimizu Nobutaka , Tyagi Pradeep , Kakizaki Hidehiro , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: July 2016

AimsTo investigate the effects of combined therapy with an anticholinergic agent and a β3‐adrenoceptor agonist on bladder dysfunction and proliferation‐related molecule expression in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsThe spinal cord was transected at the level of T8‐9 in female Sprague‐Dawley rats, which were divided into four groups; A: Vehicle, B: 10 mg/kg/day of oxybutynin, C: 10 mg/kg/day of mirabegron, and D: combined administration of oxybutynin and mirabegron. Drugs were administered by oral gavage from 2 to 4 weeks after spinal cord transection. We evaluated urodynamic parameters and bladder tissue remodeling factors.ResultsNon‐voiding contractions (NVCs) during the storage phase of cystometrograms tended to be decreased in all three treated groups with a significant reduction in group D versus A. Bladder compliance was improved, and intercontraction intervals, voided volume and bladder capacity were increased in group D. In all three treated groups (B–D), the expression of HIF1‐α and TGF‐β1 was decreased compared to group A. The expression of collagen‐III and bFGF was decreased in groups B and D. The total bladder elastin level was increased in group D.ConclusionsThe combination therapy of an anticholinergic agent and a β3‐adrenoceptor agonist elevated the bladder elastin level, reduced NVCs, and increased bladder compliance more effectively than the monotherapy in SCI rats. Thus, the combination therapy could be effective for the treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction including bladder remodeling. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1039–1045, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of newer self‐monitoring technology and brief phone‐based intervention on weight loss: A randomized pilot study
Authors: Ross Kathryn M. , Wing Rena R. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveDespite the proliferation of newer self‐monitoring technology (e.g., activity monitors and smartphone apps), their impact on weight loss outside of structured in‐person behavioral intervention is unknown.MethodsA randomized, controlled pilot study was conducted to examine efficacy of self‐monitoring technology, with and without phone‐based intervention, on 6‐month weight loss in adults with overweight and obesity. Eighty participants were randomized to receive standard self‐monitoring tools (ST, n = 26), technology‐based self‐monitoring tools (TECH, n = 27), or technology‐based tools combined with phone‐based intervention (TECH + PHONE, n = 27). All participants attended one introductory weight loss session and completed assessments at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.ResultsWeight loss from baseline to 6 months differed significantly between groups P = 0.042; there was a trend for TECH + PHONE (−6.4 ± 1.2 kg) to lose more weight than ST (−1.3 ± 1.2 kg); weight loss in TECH (−4.1 ± 1.4 kg) was between ST and TECH + PHONE. Fewer ST (15%) achieved ≥5% weight losses compared with TECH and TECH + PHONE (44%), P = 0.039. Adherence to self‐monitoring caloric intake was higher in TECH + PHONE than TECH or ST, Ps < 0.05.ConclusionsThese results suggest use of newer self‐monitoring technology plus brief phone‐based intervention improves adherence and weight loss compared with traditional self‐monitoring tools. Further research should determine cost‐effectiveness of adding phone‐based intervention when providing self‐monitoring technology.
Influences of Aerobic Dance on Cognitive Performance in Adults with Schizophrenia
Authors: Chen Ming‐De , Kuo Yu‐Hsin , Chang Yen‐Ching , Hsu Su‐Ting , Kuo Chang‐Chih , Chang Jyh‐Jong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCognitive impairment is one of the core features of schizophrenia. This study examined the influences of an aerobic dance programme on the cognitive functions of people with schizophrenia. A quasi‐experimental matched‐control design was applied. The experimental group (n = 17) participated in a 60‐minute aerobic dance group class three times a week for 3 months. The control group (n = 19) participated in colouring and handwriting activities. Cognitive functions were measured before and after the interventions for both groups. The intervention group experienced significant improvements in processing speed, memory and executive function, whereas no significant changes were noted in any measures in the control group. While there were no significant between‐group differences, the data showed approximately medium effect sizes that favoured the intervention group in regard to processing speed (Cohen's d = 0.51), memory (d = 0.35–0.41) and the spontaneity and fluency aspects of executive function (d = 0.51). While the small sample size and lack of randomization were the primary methodological shortcomings, this study provides preliminary results supporting aerobic dance as an adjunct activity‐based intervention to improve cognitive functions in people with schizophrenia. More rigorous studies are needed to validate the findings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doppler‐Effekt für rotierende Objekte
Authors: Zentgraf Thomas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDer Doppler‐Effekt ist weitläufig bekannt durch seine Anwendung bei der Geschwindigkeitsmessung von bewegten Objekten. Neben dem Doppler‐Effekt für geradlinige Bewegungen existiert jedoch auch ein analoger Effekt bei Drehbewegungen, der ebenfalls zu einer Verschiebung der Wellenlänge führt. Nach fast 50 Jahren ist es nun erstmalig gelungen, den nichtlinearen Rotations‐Doppler‐Effekt von Licht im Experiment nachzuweisen.
Crosslinkable high dielectric constant polymer dielectrics for low voltage organic field‐effect transistor memory devices
Authors: Hung Chih‐Chien , Wu Hung‐Chin , Chiu Yu‐Cheng , Tung Shih‐Huang , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, we successfully synthesized water/methanol soluble random copolymers with a high dielectric constant, poly(n‐(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide‐co‐5‐(9‐(5‐(diethylamino)pentyl)−2‐(4‐vinylphenyl)−9H‐fluorene(P(NMA‐co‐F6NSt)), which contained chemical crosslinkable segment (NMA) and hole trapping building block (F6NSt). The feeding molar ratios of two monomers (NMA:F6NSt) were set as 100:0, 95:5, 80:20, and 67:33 for the copolymers of P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively. The crosslinked P(NMA‐co‐F6NSt) thin film could serve as both dielectric and charge storage layers in organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) memory device and exhibited high k (i.e., 4.91–6.47) characteristics, leading to a low voltage operation and a small power consumption. Devices based on the P1‐P4 dielectrics showed excellent insulating properties and good charge storage performance under a low operating voltage in a range of ±5V because of tightly network structures and well‐dispersed trapping cites. In particular, P3‐based memory device exhibited a large memory window of 4.13 V with stable data retention stability over 104 s, a large on/off ratio of 104, and good endurance characteristics as high as 200 cycles. The above results suggested that a high‐performance OFET memory device could be facilely achieved using the novel crosslinkable high‐k copolymers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3224–3236
Toxicity of squamocin on Aedes aegypti larvae, its predators and human cells
Authors: Costa Marilza S , Santana Antônio EG , Oliveira Leandro L , Zanuncio José C , Serrão José E 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe mosquito Aedes aegypti transmits a virus that causes diverse human diseases, and control of the vector is an important strategy to avoid disease propagation. Plants in the family Annonaceae are recognised as sources of molecules with uses in the medical and agriculture fields. Molecules of secondary metabolites of Annonaceae plants exhibit insecticidal potential against insect pests and vectors, especially acetogenins, showing high toxicity at low doses, which has encouraged research into producing new insecticide molecules. Herein, we identify an acetogenin from Annona mucosa seeds (chemical analysis) and provide the results of toxicity tests against larvae of A. aegypti (target insect) and its predators Culex bigoti and Toxorhynchites theobaldi (non‐target insects) and cytotoxicity to human leukocytes.RESULTSWe identified squamocin (C37H66O7), a fatty acid with a bis‐tetrahydrofuran ring. In A. aegypti, this compound caused behavioural disturbance before larval death and high mortality at low concentrations (LC50 = 0.01 µg mL−1 and LC90 = 0.11 µg mL−1). However, in predators and human leukocytes, squamocin showed no toxicity effect, indicating the selectivity of this molecule for non‐target organisms.CONCLUSIONWe identified squamocin from A. mucosa seeds, which exhibited lethal action against A. aegypti and showed selectivity for non‐target insects and low cytotoxicity to human cells. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Untersuchungen zum Nachweis der Stabilität aus der Ebene auf einheitlicher Grundlage
Authors: Wieschollek Matthias , Heinemeyer Christoph , Feldmann Markus 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDie Verallgemeinerung von Biegeknick‐ und Biegedrillknicknachweisen erfordert die Formulierung einer einheitlichen Grundlage für Grenzzustand und Imperfektion. Ziel ist es, mit einer nichtlinearen Berechnung und zutreffenden Imperfektionsannahmen auf Ergebnisse zu kommen, die mit den Knickkurven konsistent sind. In diesem Beitrag wird mit der Aufbereitung der einheitlichen Grundlage für das Biegedrillknicken begonnen und die Anwendung anhand eines Beispiels verdeutlicht. Des Weiteren wird über erste Ergebnisse einer Versuchsreihe zum Biegedrillknicken von Trägern mit variablen Momentenverläufen berichtet. Möglichst klare Randbedingungen und richtungstreue Last auf dem zur Seite ausweichenden Obergurt erforderten einen neuen Versuchsstand sowie eine seitengeregelte Nachführung des Hydraulikzylinders.Investigations on the verification of out of plane stability on a generalised basis. The general method for the verification of flexural and lateral torsional buckling is an interesting alternative to ordinary checking procedures with substitute beams and coefficients. By introducing a design point relevant for the verification, the method becomes more precise. It then leads to same results as a non‐linear calculation with an imperfection shape that is affine to the critical shape, the curvature amplitude of which is scaled to the Euler buckling column. By that the method is fully mechanically justified. By considering St. Venant torsion, it is also transferrable to lateral torsional buckling problems. Within this paper the lateral torsional buckling check using the general method is shown and illustrated by means of an example. Furthermore, first results of a test series on lateral torsional buckling of beams with variable moment shapes are presented. Clear boundary conditions and a load direction that remains vertical throughout the whole course of a bending test with lateral torsional buckling required a new test setup and control of the lateral shift of the hydraulic jack.
Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Young Children 2 Years After the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Fujiwara Takeo , Yagi Junko , Homma Hiroaki , Mashiko Hirofumi , Nagao Keizo , Okuyama Makiko ,   the Great East Japan Earthquake Follow up for Children Study Team
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its association with each traumatic experience among 5- to 8-year-old children 2 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake.MethodChildren ages 5-8 years who were in selected preschool classes on March 11, 2011, in 3 prefectures affected by the earthquake and 1 prefecture that was unaffected, participated in the study (N=280). PTSD symptoms were assessed through questionnaires completed by caregivers and interviews by psychiatrists or psychologists conducted between September 2012 and May 2013 (ie, 1.5-2 years after the earthquake).ResultsAmong children who experienced the earthquake, 33.8% exhibited PTSD symptoms. Of the different traumatic experiences, experiencing the earthquake and the loss of distant relatives or friends were independently associated with PTSD symptoms; prevalence ratios: 6.88 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.06-23.0) and 2.48 (95% CI: 1.21-5.08), respectively.ConclusionApproximately 1 in 3 young children in the affected communities exhibited PTSD symptoms, even 2 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake. These data may be useful for preventing PTSD symptoms after natural disasters and suggest the importance of providing appropriate mental health services for children. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:207–215)
A New Bilayer Continuum Model Based on Gurtin-Murdoch and Consistent Couple-Stress Theories for Stability Analysis of Beam-Type Nanotweezers
Authors: Keivani M. , Koochi A. , Abadyan M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNano-scale beams might not be considered uniform isotropic since the energy of the surface layer and microstructure of the bulk part highly affect the mechanical characteristics of the beams. Herein, the impact of the energy of the surface layer and the microstructure of the bulk on the mechanical stability of beam-type nanotweezers are investigated. A new bilayer continuum model has been developed which incorporates the strain energy of the surface atoms as well as the microstructure-dependent strain energy of the bulk material. The recently-developed consistent couple stress elasticity (CCSE) in combination with the Gurtin-Murdoch surface theory is applied to derive the governing equation. The nonlinear governing equation was solved using numerical generalized differential quadrature (GDQ). Effects of various parameters including characteristics of the surface layer, microstructure of the bulk and external forces on the static and dynamic stability threshold of the nanostructure are demonstrated.
Ichnofauna from coastal meandering channel systems (Upper Cretaceous Tremp Formation, South-Central Pyrenees, Spain): delineating the fluvial-tidal transition
Authors: Díez-Canseco Davinia , Buatois Luis A. , Mángano M. Gabriela , Díaz-Molina Margarita , Benito M. Isabel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Upper Cretaceous “redbeds” of the lower Tremp Formation (South-Central Pyrenees, Spain) contains an ichnofauna consisting ofTaenidium barretti,Taenidium bowni,Loloichnusisp.,Arenicolitesisp.,Planolitesisp., andPalaeophycusisp. This ichnofauna occurs in deposits formed in tide-influenced meander loops and their associated overbank mudflats. Evaluation of the taphonomic controls on the Tremp ichnofauna shows that (1) two morphotypes ofTaenidium barrettiare controlled by the substrate consistence, (2)Arenicolitesmay be enlarged by erosion processes, and (3)Taenidium barrettiandPlanolitesisp. are not the same ichnotaxa showing different types of preservation. The meniscate fill inTaenidium barrettisuggests that this structure was produced by deposit feeders. The Tremp ichnofauna is grouped into two trace-fossil assemblages, a depauperate subaquatic monospecificPlanolitessuite and an assemblage representing theScoyeniaIchnofacies. Trace-fossil distribution reflects paleoenvironmental changes in the meandering channels along the stratigraphic section with thePlanolitessuite in the lowermost part of the lower interval and theScoyeniaIchnofacies in the middle and upper intervals. The lowermost suite may be likely formed seaward of the maximum salinity limit, under extreme brackish-water conditions, whereas theScoyeniaIchnofacies records a freshwater assemblage that was formed landward of the maximum salinity limit, reflecting deltaic progradation.
Anger and stroke: a potential association that deserves serious consideration
Authors: Rosa Pedro Banho , Orquiza Bruna , Rocha Filipe Benetti , Donadel Rafael Werlanger , Diniz Rodrigo Pizzolante , Beloni Tamara Maia Nestlehner , Aniceto Joara Turi , Fragoso Yara Dadalti 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between states of anger and stroke.MethodsSystematic review of the literature.ResultsIn total, 21 papers were selected for the systematic review of data published on the subject of anger and stroke. A state of anger may be a risk factor for stroke, as well as a consequence of brain lesions affecting specific areas that are caused by a stroke. Scales to assess anger varied among authors. There was no consensus regarding the area of brain lesions that might lead to a state of anger. Although some authors agreed that lesions on the right side led to angrier behaviour, others found that lesions on the left side were more relevant to anger. Likewise, there was no consensus regarding the prevalence of anger pre or post-stroke. Some authors did not even find that these two conditions were related.ConclusionAlthough most authors have accepted that there is a relationship between anger and stroke, studies with uniform methodology need to be conducted if this association is to be properly evaluated and understood.