bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating high mobility group AT‐hook 2 and pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 in blood of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ren Wenhao , Gao Ling , Li Fan , Qiang Cui , Li Shaoming , Zheng Jingjing , Kong Xinjuan , Deng Jing , Cai Guangfeng , Zhang Hao , Zhou Minzhan , Zhi Keqian 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundHigh mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) and pleomorphic adenoma gene 1(PLAG1) have been demonstrated to be elevated in many malignant tumors. However, the aim of this study was to evaluate HMGA2 and PLAG1 levels in blood as a non‐invasive biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) diagnosis.MethodsqRT‐PCR was performed to measure circulating HMGA2 and PLAG1 levels in OSCC patients (n=43) and matched cancer‐free blood control group (n=21). Clinical data of all patients were recorded.ResultsCirculating HMGA2 and PLAG1 in the 43 OSCC patients was significantly higher than in control group (P<.001, P=.038, respectively). Furthermore, HMGA2 expression in OSCC patients with poor‐moderate differentiation was increased compared with well‐differentiated group. However, no significant differences in PLAG1 expression were detected when differentiation was considered. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for circulating HMGA2 revealed an area under the ROC curve of 0.876 (95% confidence interval, 0.793‐0.959; P<.001) with 65.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity in discriminating OSCC from controls at a cutoff value of 14.380, demonstrating significant diagnostic value for OSCC.ConclusionCirculating HMGA2 levels are increased in OSCC patients and may potentially serve as a significant index to evaluate OSCC diagnosis.
Dominance solvable approval voting games
Authors: Courtin Sébastien , Núñez Matías 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis work provides necessary and sufficient conditions for the dominance solvability of approval voting games. Our conditions are very simple since they depend just on the number of possible winners when voters play weakly undominated strategies. If there are at most two possible winners, then the game is dominance‐solvable and the outcome coincides with the Condorcet winner. If every candidate is a possible winner, the game is not dominance‐solvable. If none of the previous conditions holds, then the game need not be dominance‐solvable, and the outcome need not coincide with the Condorcet winner.
Characterizing the allopolyploid species among the wild relatives of soybean: Utility of reduced representation genotyping methodologies
Authors: Sherman‐Broyles Sue , Bombarely Aureliano , Doyle Jeff 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAllopolyploidy is a common feature in many angiosperm genera. The perennial wild relatives of soybean in the genus Glycine include at least nine recently formed (within the last million years) allopolyploid taxa. This study examined three allopolyploid and four diploid progenitor taxa using genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and network analysis. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was used to generate SNPs and results were compared with previous analyses from transcriptome data. Three lanes of Illumina sequencing produced genotypes for 70 accessions and an alignment of 22 806 SNPs across eight taxa with no missing data. The alignment combined with network analysis confirmed results from previous studies. In addition, the extended sampling made possible by GBS identified accessions that have either been misclassified or samples that came from mixed seed stocks. The most intriguing results are the discovery of previously unrecognized substructure within diploid taxa, and the likelihood that allopolyploids were derived from particular subgroups. Separation of allopolyploid SNPs into SNPs derived from homoeologous progenitor species indicate that allopolyploids no longer share genotypes with their diploid progenitors but have evolved separately long enough for signals from direct progenitor genotypes to be obscured.
Pharmacokinetics and dynamics of mycophenolate mofetil after single‐dose oral administration in juvenile dachshunds
Authors: Grobman M. , Boothe D. M. , Rindt H. , Williamson B. G. , Katz M. L. , Coates J. R. , Reinero C. R. 
Published: June 2017

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is recommended as an alternative/complementary immunosuppressant. Pharmacokinetic and dynamic effects of MMF are unknown in young‐aged dogs. We investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single oral dose MMF metabolite, mycophenolic acid (MPA), in healthy juvenile dogs purpose‐bred for the tripeptidyl peptidase 1 gene (TPP1) mutation. The dogs were heterozygous for the mutation (nonaffected carriers). Six dogs received 13 mg/kg oral MMF and two placebo. Pharmacokinetic parameters derived from plasma MPA were evaluated. Whole‐blood mitogen‐stimulated T‐cell proliferation was determined using a flow cytometric assay. Plasma MPA Cmax (mean ± SD, 9.33 ± 7.04 μg/ml) occurred at <1 hr. The AUC0–∞ (mean ± SD, 12.84±6.62 hr*μg/ml), MRTinf (mean ± SD, 11.09 ± 9.63 min), T1/2 (harmonic mean ± PseudoSD 5.50 ± 3.80 min), and k/d (mean ± SD, 0.002 ± 0.001 1/min). Significant differences could not be detected between % inhibition of proliferating CD5+ T lymphocytes at any time point (p = .380). No relationship was observed between MPA concentration and % inhibition of proliferating CD5+ T lymphocytes (R = .148, p = .324). Pharmacodynamics do not support the use of MMF in juvenile dogs at the administered dose based on existing therapeutic targets.
The emerging science of linked plant–fungal invasions
Authors: Dickie Ian A. , Bufford Jennifer L. , Cobb Richard C. , Desprez‐Loustau Marie‐Laure , Grelet Gwen , Hulme Philip E. , Klironomos John , Makiola Andreas , Nuñez Martin A. , Pringle Anne , Thrall Peter H. , Tourtellot Samuel G. , Waller Lauren , Williams Nari M. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryInvasions of alien plants are typically studied as invasions of individual species, yet interactions between plants and symbiotic fungi (mutualists and potential pathogens) affect plant survival, physiological traits, and reproduction and hence invasion success. Studies show that plant–fungal associations are frequently key drivers of plant invasion success and impact, but clear conceptual frameworks and integration across studies are needed to move beyond a series of case studies towards a more predictive understanding. Here, we consider linked plant–fungal invasions from the perspective of plant and fungal origin, simplified to the least complex representations or ‘motifs’. By characterizing these interaction motifs, parallels in invasion processes between pathogen and mutualist fungi become clear, although the outcomes are often opposite in effect. These interaction motifs provide hypotheses for fungal‐driven dynamics behind observed plant invasion trajectories. In some situations, the effects of plant–fungal interactions are inconsistent or negligible. Variability in when and where different interaction motifs matter may be driven by specificity in the plant–fungal interaction, the size of the effect of the symbiosis (negative to positive) on plants and the dependence (obligate to facultative) of the plant−fungal interaction. Linked plant–fungal invasions can transform communities and ecosystem function, with potential for persistent legacies preventing ecosystem restoration.

Contents

Summary
1314

I.
Introduction
1315

II.
Simplification of complex networks into interaction motifs
1316

III.
Plant–fungal interactions and plant invasion dynamics
1322

IV.
Predicting where plant–fungal interactions matter: plant−symbiont specificity, dependence and effect size
1323

V.
Spatial context of linked plant–fungal invasions
1325

VI.
Impacts of linked plant–fungal invasions on ecosystem processes
1326

VII.
Management implications
1326

VIII.
Conclusions
1327

Acknowledgements
1328

References
1328
A WRKY transcription factor from Withania somnifera regulates triterpenoid withanolide accumulation and biotic stress tolerance through modulation of phytosterol and defense pathways
Authors: Singh Anup Kumar , Kumar Sarma Rajeev , Dwivedi Varun , Rai Avanish , Pal Shaifali , Shasany Ajit K. , Nagegowda Dinesh A. 
Published: June 2017

Summary

Withania somnifera produces pharmacologically important triterpenoid withanolides that are derived via phytosterol pathway; however, their biosynthesis and regulation remain to be elucidated.

A jasmonate‐ and salicin‐inducible WRKY transcription factor from W. somnifera (WsWRKY1) exhibiting correlation with withaferin A accumulation was functionally characterized employing virus‐induced gene silencing and overexpression studies combined with transcript and metabolite analyses, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.

WsWRKY1 silencing resulted in stunted plant growth, reduced transcripts of phytosterol pathway genes with corresponding reduction in phytosterols and withanolides in W. somnifera. Its overexpression elevated the biosynthesis of triterpenoids in W. somnifera (phytosterols and withanolides), as well as tobacco and tomato (phytosterols). Moreover, WsWRKY1 binds to W‐box sequences in promoters of W. somnifera genes encoding squalene synthase and squalene epoxidase, indicating its direct regulation of triterpenoid pathway. Furthermore, while WsWRKY1 silencing in W. somnifera compromised the tolerance to bacterial growth, fungal infection, and insect feeding, its overexpression in tobacco led to improved biotic stress tolerance.

Together these findings demonstrate that WsWRKY1 has a positive regulatory role on phytosterol and withanolides biosynthesis, and defense against biotic stress, highlighting its importance as a metabolic engineering tool for simultaneous improvement of triterpenoid biosynthesis and plant defense.
Lack of a weathering signal with increased Cenozoic erosion?
Authors: Norton Kevin P. , Schlunegger Fritz 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Late Cenozoic has been marked by large and rapid fluctuations in temperature. This cooling has been attributed to accelerated erosion, with concomitant increased chemical‐weathering rates and CO2 drawdown from the atmosphere. At the same time, much of the supporting evidence appears to be affected by a sampling bias, implying that global erosion and weathering have remained largely constant over the past millions of years. We suggest that sedimentary archives of geomorphic activity, such as grain size and the ratio of terrestrial to oceanic sedimentation, which show accelerated erosion are not subject to these biases. Furthermore, the active tectonic settings where these erosion increases were likely to have taken place are exactly those locations where chemical‐weathering signals are least likely to faithfully follow physical erosion rates. A lack of evidence for an increase in chemical weathering does not necessarily preclude an increase in physical erosion. In this contribution, we suggest an alternative interpretation in which erosion rates have increased in the Late Cenozoic but without significantly increased silicate weathering, which can explain the meagre response of chemical‐weathering proxies.
Securely Computing a Ground Speed Model
Authors: Kolman Eyal , Pinkas Benny 
Published: June 2017

Consider a server offering risk assessment services and potential clients of these services. The risk assessment model that is run by the server is based on current and historical data of the clients. However, the clients might prefer not sharing such sensitive data with external parties such as the server, and the server might consider the possession of this data as a liability rather than an asset. Secure multi-party computation (MPC) enables one, in principle, to compute any function while hiding the inputs to the function, and would thus enable the computation of the risk assessment model while hiding the client’s data from the server. However, a direct application of a generic MPC solution to this problem is rather inefficient due to the large scale of the data and the complexity of the function.
We examine a specific case of risk assessment—the ground speed model. In this model, the geographical locations of successive user-authentication attempts are compared, and a warning flag is raised if the physical speed required to move between these locations is greater than some threshold, and some other conditions, such as authentication from two related networks, do not hold. We describe a very efficient secure computation solution that is tailored for this problem. This solution demonstrates that a risk model can be applied over encrypted data with sufficient efficiency to fit the requirements of commercial systems.
<b>Co-occurrence patterns of fish communities in littorals of three floodplain lakes of the Orinoco River, Venezuela</b>
Authors: Echevarría Gabriela E. , González Nirson 
Published: June 2017

The co-occurrence patterns of fish communities in the littorals of three lagoons of the Orinoco River floodplain in Venezuela were studied during four hydrological phases: low, rising, high and falling waters, from 2008–2009, using null models. The analyses were made separately for each floodplain lake and for each habitat type within them. During low waters only one lake showed a segregated pattern in beaches covered with leaf litter, whereas in the other floodplain lakes the communities were randomly assembled in all habitats during the four hydrological phases. Despite the absence of a significant overall structure, several significantly aggregated and segregated species pairs were observed in the three lakes. The temporal variation might be the main factor responsible for the co-occurrence patterns observed in these floodplain lakes due to the periodic reshuffling of littoral habitats.
<b><I>Sphaerotheca pashchima</I>, a new species of burrowing frog (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from western India</b>
Authors: Padhye Anand , Dahanukar Neelesh , Sulakhe Shauri , Dandekar Nikhil , Limaye Sunil , Jamdade Kirti 
Published: June 2017

Sphaerotheca pashchima, a new species of burrowing frog, is described from western India. It can be diagnosed from all its congeners based on a combination of characters including interorbital width less than upper eyelid width, snout to nostril distance less than half of eye diameter, nostril nearer to snout than to eye, internarial distance greater than inter orbital distance, snout rounded, dorsum rough and warty, finger 2 length equal to or less than finger 4 length, finger 1 less finger 3 length, outer metatarsal tubercle absent, tibio tarsal tubercle absent, length of inner metatarsal tubercle more than three times the inner toe length and reduced webbing. We also provide 16S rRNA gene sequence for S. pashchima sp. nov. and show that it is genetically distinct from species of Sphaerotheca for which genetic data is available.
<b>A new record of <I>Tenodera fasciata</I> (Olivier, 1792) (Insecta: Mantodea: Mantidae: Mantinae) for western India</b>
Authors: Raut Gopal Ambrushi , Gaikwad Sunil Madhukar 
Published: June 2017

Tenodera fasciata (Olivier, 1792) is reported for the first time from the Western Ghats. The present record extends its known geographical range notably from the east towards western India for about 1,400km. The finding of only two specimens in two years suggests its rarity.
<b>A new locality record of the rare Anomalous Nawab <I>Polyura agrarius</I> (Swinhoe, 1887) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae) from central India</b>
Authors: Mehra Deepika , Flora Jagatjot Singh , Sharma Vivek 
Published: June 2017

Polyura agrarius (Swinhoe, 1887), known as the Anomalous Nawab, is a wide-ranging but localized and rare species in India; there are only a handful records from central India. The only specimen-based record of this species from Madhya Pradesh, India is by Charles Swinhoe in 1886, which is the basis of its original description. This paper reports a new locality record for Polyura agrarius from Jabalpur, central India along with a review of earlier records from the region.
<b>Taxonomic note about Willow Ermine Moth <I>Yponomeuta rorrellus</I> Hübner (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) from Ladakh division of Jammu & Kashmir, India</b>
Authors: Dar Mudasir Ahmed , Akbar Shahid Ali , Mahendiran Govindasamy 
Published: June 2017

Yponomeuta rorrellus (Hübner, 1796) is considered a monophagous pest of the willow plantation (Salix spp.) in Drass and Leh districts of Ladakh Division (Jammu & Kashmir), with its peak activity recorded during the months of July and August. The taxonomic study of the species is presented here for the first time.
Acute Hemodynamic and Tissue Effects of Cryoballoon Ablation on Pulmonary Vessels: The IVUS‐Cryo Study
Authors: Baran Jakub , Lewandowski Paweł , Smarż Krzysztof , Sikorska Agnieszka , Zaborska Beata , Kułakowski Piotr 
Published: June 2017

Background

Cryoballoon‐based pulmonary vein isolation (CB‐
PVI
) has been widely used for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Although generally safe and effective, the procedure may be associated with pulmonary vein (
PV
) stenosis and bronchial or esophageal injury. The mechanisms leading to these complications have not been studied in detail. Our aim was to examine acute effects of cryoballoon on the pulmonary vessel and right heart pressures as well as
PV
wall morphology.

Methods and Results

In 8 patients (5 men, mean age 55±14 years) undergoing
CB
‐
PVI
, pressure in each
PV
was measured by catheter located inside the
PV
directly before and after
CB
‐
PVI
. The right atrial, right ventricular, and pulmonary artery pressures as well as pulmonary arterial wedge capillary pressure in the pulmonary artery branch corresponding to target
PV
were also measured. Morphological changes in
PVs
were assessed using intravascular ultrasonography.

There were no significant differences in
PV
pressures before and after ablation. The pulmonary arterial wedge capillary pressure significantly increased during cryoapplication (left superior: 20±10 versus 29±8.5 mm Hg,
P
=0.004; left inferior: 24±10 versus 32±6 mm Hg,
P
=0.012; right superior: 25±9 versus 35±10 mm Hg,
P
=0.002; right inferior: 24±10 versus 37±12 mm Hg,
P
=0.0036). The right atrial and pulmonary artery pressures increased significantly after
CB
‐
PVI
(9±6 versus 13±8 mm Hg,
P
=0.004, and 20±9 versus 24±10 mm Hg,
P
=0.048, respectively). Intravascular ultrasonography showed acute edema and dissection‐like changes causing relative lumen narrowing in 90% of
PVs
.

Conclusions

CB
‐
PVI
causes significant rise in pulmonary artery and right atrial pressures as well as
PV
wall damage. The clinical significance of these findings warrants further investigations.
Early Life Risk Factors for Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Johnson Linda S. B. , Salonen Minna , Kajantie Eero , Conen David , Healey Jeff S. , Osmond Clive , Eriksson Johan G. 
Published: June 2017

Background

Early life risk factors are associated with cardiometabolic disease, but have not been fully studied in atrial fibrillation (
AF
). There are discordant results from existing studies of birth weight and
AF
, and the impact of maternal body size, gestational age, placental size, and birth length is unknown.

Methods and Results

The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study includes 13 345 people born as singletons in Helsinki in the years 1934–1944. Follow‐up was through national registries, and ended on December 31, 2013, with 907 incident cases. Cox regression analyses stratified on year of birth were constructed for perinatal variables and incident
AF
, adjusting for offspring sex, gestational age, and socioeconomic status at birth. There was a significant U‐shaped association between birth weight and
AF
(
P
for quadratic term=0.01). The lowest risk of
AF
was found among those with a birth weight of 3.4 kg (3.8 kg for women [85th percentile] and 3.0 kg for men [17th percentile]). High maternal body mass index (≥30 kg/m
2
) predicted offspring
AF
; hazard ratio 1.36 (95%
CI
1.07–1.74,
P
=0.01) compared with normal body mass index (<25 kg/m
2
). Maternal height was associated with early‐onset
AF
(<65.3 years), hazard ratio 1.47 (95%
CI
1.24–1.74,
P
<0.0001), but not with later onset
AF
. Results were independent of incident coronary artery disease, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions

High maternal body mass index during pregnancy and maternal height are previously undescribed predictors of offspring
AF
. Efforts to prevent maternal obesity might reduce later
AF
in offspring. Birth weight has a U‐shaped relation to incident
AF
independent of other perinatal variables.
“The animals are all I have”
Authors: Tiplady C.M. , Walsh D.B. , Phillips C.J.C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article describes a study of thirteen women who had lived with companion animals during a domestic violence relationship. The women were interviewed in order to investigate how animals were affected by the violence, as well as how veterinarians were involved. Most women reported that companion animals had been abused or neglected by their partners, and they had delayed leaving due to concerns for animals left in the home. Affected animals most commonly demonstrated protection of the woman, and avoidance or aggression towards the partner. Only one woman confided to a veterinarian that she and her animals were living with domestic violence, and in four cases women’s partners had prevented them from accessing veterinary care. It is recommended that veterinarians are educated on issues regarding animal guardianship during domestic violence to enhance their ability to provide knowledgeable and compassionate support when confronted with these cases in practice.
Dynamics of Cloud-Top Generating Cells in Winter Cyclones. Part III: Shear and Convective Organization
Authors: Keeler Jason M. , Rauber Robert M. , Jewett Brian F. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Rasmussen Roy M. , Xue Lulin , Liu Changhai , Thompson Gregory 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCloud-top generating cells (GCs) are a common feature atop stratiform clouds within the comma head of winter cyclones. The dynamics of cloud-top GCs are investigated using very high-resolution idealized WRF Model simulations to examine the role of shear in modulating the structure and intensity of GCs. Simulations were run for the same combinations of radiative forcing and instability as in Part II of this series, but with six different shear profiles ranging from 0 to 10 m s−1 km−1 within the layer encompassing the GCs.The primary role of shear was to modulate the organization of GCs, which organized as closed convective cells in simulations with radiative forcing and no shear. In simulations with shear and radiative forcing, GCs organized in linear streets parallel to the wind. No GCs developed in the initially stable simulations with no radiative forcing. In the initially unstable and neutral simulations with no radiative forcing or shear, GCs were exceptionally weak, with no clear organization. In moderate-shear (Δu/Δz = 2, 4 m s−1 km−1) simulations with no radiative forcing, linear organization of the weak cells was apparent, but this organization was less coherent in simulations with high shear (Δu/Δz = 6, 8, 10 m s−1 km−1). The intensity of the updrafts was primarily related to the mode of radiative forcing but was modulated by shear. The more intense GCs in nighttime simulations were either associated with no shear (closed convective cells) or strong shear (linear streets). Updrafts within GCs under conditions with radiative forcing were typically ~1–2 m s−1 with maximum values < 4 m s−1.