bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attraction of female fungus gnats, Lycoriella ingenua, to mushroom‐growing substrates and the green mold Trichoderma aggressivum
Authors: Cloonan Kevin R. , Andreadis Stefanos S. , Baker Thomas C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTo evaluate the attractiveness of several mushroom‐growing substrates to the female mushroom fly Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour) (Diptera: Sciaridae), a pest of the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (JE Lange) Emil J Imbach (Agaricales), we developed a two‐choice, static‐flow olfactometer. Behavioral assays using this olfactometer indicated that mushroom compost with A. bisporus mycelia growing in it was not more attractive than compost lacking growing mycelia. We also found that female flies were more attracted to compost lacking A. bisporus mycelia than to the actual commodity, the white button mushroom fruiting bodies. Flies were not, however, attracted to sterilized compost, suggesting the attraction is due to volatiles produced by microbial metabolism in the compost. We also found that female L. ingenua flies were attracted to the mycoparasitic green mold Trichoderma aggressivum Samuels & W Gams (Hypocreales). Flies preferred mushroom compost that had T. aggressivum growing in it over compost lacking T. aggressivum, providing an experimental outcome consistent with the anecdotal belief that L. ingenua flies are vectors of T. aggressivum spores that can infest mushroom‐growing houses.
Laboratory evaluation of Lactobacillus johnsonii CRL1647 metabolites for biological control of Musca domestica
Authors: Torres María Julia , Rocha Voyko Flores , Audisio Marcela Carina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a key problem in animal producing and rearing areas. Currently, the use and abuse of chemical pest‐control compounds has generated resistance in M. domestica and, hence, new approaches are required. In this work, the potential entomopathogenic activity of Lactobacillus johnsonii Fujisawa et al. CRL1647 was evaluated against M. domestica, under laboratory conditions. Bioassays were done for three consecutive years using bacterial cell suspensions (CS) and cell‐free supernatants (CFS) under controlled conditions (27 ± 1 °C, 57 ± 2% r.h., and L12:D12 photoperiod). Both the CS and CFS displayed high levels of larvicidal (96%) and pupicidal (97%) activities. Chemical characterization of the CFS revealed that the bioactive metabolites are acidic compounds, not affected by thermal treatment or by trypsin. Organic acids were identified and quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); only lactic acid (129.7 ± 1.0 mM), acetic acid (37.3 ± 0.8 mM), and phenyllactic acid (0.3 ± 0.1 mM) were detected. A significant decrease in fecundity of the house flies was observed in females from larvae fed on CFS; male fertility was not affected. Interestingly, only the mixture of organic acids exerted the biological effects. These results suggest that the metabolites synthesized by L. johnsonii CRL1647 can be used in a novel biocontrol strategy against house flies.
Conspecific females promote calling behavior in the noctuid moth, Pseudaletia adultera
Authors: Rehermann Guillermo , Altesor Paula , McNeil Jeremy N. , González Andrés 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChanges in female calling behavior in response to the presence of conspecific pheromones (pheromone autodetection) have been demonstrated in a number of moth species. However, the observed changes vary between species, and several ecological and adaptive explanations for autodetection have been proposed. We studied the effect of conspecific females on the calling behavior of the noctuid moth Pseudaletia adultera (Schaus) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Hadenini), by comparing the age of first calling, as well as the onset and pattern of calling, when females were held individually or in the presence of conspecifics. Grouped females started calling at a lower age, a higher percentage of females called during the scotophase, and they called longer compared to females held in isolation. We also demonstrated that female antennae respond to each of the three main components of the sex pheromone – (Z)‐11‐hexadecen‐1‐ol, (Z)‐11‐hexadecen‐1‐yl acetate, and (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal – and that the response patterns differed from those of male antennae. By calling more and extending her calling window in presence of conspecific females, a female may increase her chances of accessing males. However, the potential benefits need to be considered within an ecological context, considering factors such as migration, oviposition, and foraging.
Present‐self, past‐self and the close‐other: neural correlates of assigning trait adjectives to oneself and others
Authors: Kotlewska Ilona , Nowicka Anna 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInformation regarding the past‐self may be viewed as information referring to other people. However, evidence supporting this notion at the neural level is rather sparse and it remains unclear whether the past‐self is processed like any ‘other’ or like the close‐other only. The aim of this event‐related potential study was to investigate this issue. A reflection task requiring evaluation of positive and negative trait adjectives with respect to present‐ and past‐self, a close‐other and a famous person was applied. We hypothesized that the past‐self and close‐other conditions would share their neural underpinnings. The process of reflection on the past‐self and close‐other was indeed associated with similar mean amplitudes of the late positive component (LPC), whereas in the case of the past‐self vs. famous person comparison LPC was significantly enhanced for the past‐self. Analogous effects were observed when LPC was calculated for trials with traits judged as either suitable or unsuitable to describe a person who was the target of reflection. Thus, these findings suggest that the processing of information related to the past‐self resembles processing of information related to a personally relevant other. Moreover, sex‐differences were observed in reaction times and LPC amplitudes for responses reflecting the positivity bias.
Peripheral and central alterations affecting spinal nociceptive processing and pain at adulthood in rats exposed to neonatal maternal deprivation
Authors: Juif Pierre‐Eric , Salio Chiara , Zell Vivien , Melchior Meggane , Lacaud Adrien , Petit‐Demouliere Nathalie , Ferrini Francesco , Darbon Pascal , Hanesch Ulrike , Anton Fernand , Merighi Adalberto , Lelièvre Vincent , Poisbeau Pierrick 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe nociceptive system of rodents is not fully developed and functional at birth. Specifically, C fibers transmitting peripheral nociceptive information establish synaptic connections in the spinal cord already during the embryonic period that only become fully functional after birth. Here, we studied the consequences of neonatal maternal deprivation (NMD, 3 h/day, P2–P12) on the functional establishment of C fiber‐mediated neurotransmission in spinal cord and of pain‐related behavior. In vivo recording revealed that C fiber‐mediated excitation of spinal cord neurons could be observed at P14 only in control but not in NMD rats. NMD was associated with a strong alteration in the expression of growth factors controlling C nociceptor maturation as well as two‐pore domain K+ channels known to set nociceptive thresholds. In good agreement, C‐type sensory neurons from NMD animals appeared to be hypoexcitable but functionally connected to spinal neurons, especially those expressing TRPV1 receptors. In vivo and in vitro recordings of lamina II spinal neurons at P14 revealed that the NMD‐related lack of C fiber‐evoked responses resulted from an inhibitory barrage in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Eventually, C‐type sensory‐spinal processing could be recovered after a delay of about 10 days in NMD animals. However, animals remained hypersensitive to noxious stimulus up to P100 and this might be due to an excessive expression of Nav1.8 transcripts in DRG neurons. Together, our data provide evidence for a deleterious impact of perinatal stress exposure on the maturation of the sensory‐spinal nociceptive system that may contribute to the nociceptive hypersensitivity in early adulthood.
Ripples on rolandic spikes: A marker of epilepsy severity
Authors: van Klink Nicole E. C. , van ‘t Klooster Maryse A. , Leijten Frans S. S. , Jacobs Julia , Braun Kees P. J. , Zijlmans Maeike 
Published: June 2016

SummaryObjectiveChildren with rolandic spikes may or may not have seizures, ranging from benign rolandic epilepsy to severe atypical rolandic epilepsy. We investigated whether ripples (80–250 Hz), superimposed on rolandic spikes in surface electroencephalography (EEG), can differentiate between different entities.MethodsIn this cohort study we analyzed the EEG studies of children with rolandic spikes without other EEG or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. They were divided into the following three groups: (1) rolandic spikes but no epilepsy, (2) typical rolandic epilepsy, and (3) atypical and symptomatic rolandic epilepsy. Ripples superimposed on rolandic spikes were marked in 10 minutes of EEG, and compared to the number of seizures before the EEG. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine the predictive value of ripples and spikes for having epilepsy (groups 2 and 3) and for differentiating benign courses (groups 1 or 2) from atypical and symptomatic epilepsy (group 3). Ripples were also marked in the time frequency spectrum of averaged rolandic spikes.ResultsRipples were found in 13 of 22 children. Children without epilepsy showed no ripples, except for a single child with only one ripple. The number of ripples showed a significant positive correlation with the number of seizures (ρ = 0.70, p = 0.001), whereas spikes had a borderline significant correlation (ρ = 0.43, p = 0.05). Presence of more than two ripples was a predictor for having seizures (area under the curve [AUC] 0.84), whereas spikes could not predict having seizures (AUC 0.53). More than five ripples predicted the difference between benign courses and atypical and symptomatic epilepsy (AUC 0.91, sensitivity 63%, specificity 100%). Ripples in the time frequency spectra appeared in all children and were not related to seizures.SignificanceAbsence of ripples on top of rolandic spikes predicts a relative benign clinical entity, whereas in the presence of several ripples, the child is likely to have more seizures than classical rolandic epilepsy, and pharmacologic treatment might be needed.
Distribution and damage caused by Halyomorpha halys in Italy
Authors: Bariselli M. , Bugiani R. , Maistrello L. 
Published: June 2016

Since the first occurrence of Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Italy in 2012, the pest has spread in the Po Valley causing severe damage in summer 2015, particularly in pear orchards. At present, populations of H. halys have been reported in the regions of Emilia‐Romagna (Modena, Reggio Emilia and Bologna provinces), Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto and Friuli. The damage caused by H. halys is typical of pentatomids and is aggravated by the pest's polyphagy and by the behaviour of adults which move continuously from plant to plant, from hedges or herbaceous crops to fruit orchards. The unpredictability of H. halys’ movements, along with the effect of the aggregating pheromone that concentrates the pest in certain areas of the orchards, therefore making chemical spraying complicated.
Increased variance in temperature and lag effects alter phenological responses to rapid warming in a subarctic plant community
Authors: Mulder Christa P. H. , Iles David T. , Rockwell Robert F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSummer temperature on the Cape Churchill Peninsula (Manitoba, Canada) has increased rapidly over the past 75 years, and flowering phenology of the plant community is advanced in years with warmer temperatures (higher cumulative growing degree days). Despite this, there has been no overall shift in flowering phenology over this period. However, climate change has also resulted in increased interannual variation in temperature; if relationships between phenology and temperature are not linear, an increase in temperature variance may interact with an increase in the mean to alter how community phenology changes over time. In our system, the relationship between phenology and temperature was log‐linear, resulting in a steeper slope at the cold end of the temperature spectrum than at the warm end. Because below‐average temperatures had a greater impact on phenology than above‐average temperatures, the long‐term advance in phenology was reduced. In addition, flowering phenology in a given year was delayed if summer temperatures were high the previous year or 2 years earlier (lag effects), further reducing the expected advance over time. Phenology of early‐flowering plants was negatively affected only by temperatures in the previous year, and that of late‐flowering plants primarily by temperatures 2 years earlier. Subarctic plants develop leaf primordia one or more years prior to flowering (preformation); these results suggest that temperature affects the development of flower primordia during this preformation period. Together, increased variance in temperature and lag effects interacted with a changing mean to reduce the expected phenological advance by 94%, a magnitude large enough to account for our inability to detect a significant advance over time. We conclude that changes in temperature variability and lag effects can alter trends in plant responses to a warming climate and that predictions for changes in plant phenology under future warming scenarios should incorporate such effects.
Conventional intensive logging promotes loss of organic carbon from the mineral soil
Authors: Dean Christopher , Kirkpatrick James B. , Friedland Andrew J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThere are few data, but diametrically opposed opinions, about the impacts of forest logging on soil organic carbon (SOC). Reviews and research articles conclude either that there is no effect, or show contradictory effects. Given thatSOCis a substantial store of potential greenhouse gasses and forest logging and harvesting is routine, resolution is important. We review forest loggingSOCstudies and provide an overarching conceptual explanation for their findings. The literature can be separated into short‐term empirical studies, longer‐term empirical studies and long‐term modelling. All modelling that includes major aboveground and belowground biomass pools shows a long‐term (i.e. ≥300 years) decrease inSOCwhen a primary forest is logged and then subjected to harvesting cycles. The empirical longer‐term studies indicate likewise. With successive harvests the net emission accumulates but is only statistically perceptible after centuries. Short‐termSOCflux varies around zero. The long‐term drop inSOCin the mineral soil is driven by the biomass drop from the primary forest level but takes time to adjust to the new temporal average biomass. We show agreement between secondary forestSOCstocks derived purely from biomass information and stocks derived from complex forest harvest modelling. Thus, conclusions that conventional harvests do not depleteSOCin the mineral soil have been a function of their short time frames. Forest managers, climate change modellers and environmental policymakers need to assume a long‐term net transfer ofSOCfrom the mineral soil to the atmosphere when primary forests are logged and then undergo harvest cycles. However, from a greenhouse accounting perspective, forestSOCis not the entire story. Forest wood products that ultimately reach landfill, and some portion of which produces some soil‐like material there rather than in the forest, could possibly help attenuate the forestSOCemission by adding to a carbon pool in landfill.
Amphibian breeding phenology trends under climate change: predicting the past to forecast the future
Authors: Green David M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGlobal climate warming is predicted to hasten the onset of spring breeding by anuran amphibians in seasonal environments. Previous data had indicated that the breeding phenology of a population of Fowler's Toads (Anaxyrus fowleri) at their northern range limit had been progressively later in spring, contrary to generally observed trends in other species. Although these animals are known to respond to environmental temperature and the lunar cycle to commence breeding, the timing of breeding should also be influenced by the onset of overwintering animals’ prior upward movement through the soil column from beneath the frost line as winter becomes spring. I used recorded weather data to identify four factors of temperature, rainfall and snowfall in late winter and early spring that correlated with the toads’ eventual date of emergence aboveground. Estimated dates of spring emergence of the toads calculated using a predictive model based on these factors, as well as the illumination of the moon, were highly correlated with observed dates of emergence over 24 consecutive years. Using the model to estimate of past dates of spring breeding (i.e. retrodiction) indicated that even three decades of data were insufficient to discern any appreciable phenological trend in these toads. However, by employing weather data dating back to 1876, I detected a significant trend over 140 years towards earlier spring emergence by the toads by less than half a day/decade, while, over the same period of time, average annual air temperature and annual precipitation had both increased. Changes in the springtime breeding phenology for late‐breeding species, such as Fowler's Toads, therefore may conform to expectations of earlier breeding under global warming. Improved understanding of the environmental cues that bring organisms out of winter dormancy will enable better interpretation of long‐term phenological trends.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism is associated with cerebral white matter changes in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chou Ping‐Song , Wu Shyh‐Jong , Kao Yi‐Hui , Chou Mei‐Chuan , Tai Shu‐Yu , Yang Yuan‐Han 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe presence of cerebral white matter changes (WMC) has been reported as an important predictor of the rapidity of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The association between the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and WMC in AD is yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to examine the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and WMC among AD patients in Taiwan.MethodsA total of 403 patients clinically diagnosed with AD were recruited in a cross‐sectional study carried out in an area hospital in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The ACE I/D polymorphism was genotyped, and cerebral white matter rating was carried out using the visual rating scale for age‐related white matter changes.ResultsThe I allele was associated with a significantly lower total age‐related white matter changes scale score compared with the D allele (4.83 vs 5.93, P = 0.013). The total age‐related white matter changes scale score was significantly lower for the I/I genotype than for the I/D (4.37 vs 5.87, P = 0.009) and I/D + D/D genotypes (4.37 vs 5.91, P = 0.006), with no differences observed between the I/I + I/D and the D/D genotypes (5.08 vs 6.09, P = 0.373), after adjustment for age and hypertension. A stratified analysis by sex demonstrated that the I/I genotype was associated with significant lower WMC than other genotypes in women, but not in men.ConclusionsThe present study supports the hypothesis that the ACE I/D polymorphism is associated with the severity of WMC in patients with AD. Patients with AD who are homozygous for the I allele might be less likely to develop WMC, especially women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 945–950.
Doped tellurite glasses: Extending near‐infrared emission for near‐2.0‐μm amplifiers
Authors: Seshadri M. , Anjos V. , Bell M. J. V. , Barbosa Luiz C. , Bosco Giácomo B. F. , Tessler Leandro R. , Suresh Kumar J. , Graça Manuel P. F. , Soares Manuel. J. , Radha M. , Ratnakaram Y. C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTm3+‐singly‐doped and Tm3+‐/Ho3+‐codoped TeO2‐Bi2O3‐ZnO‐Li2O‐Nb2O5 (TBZLN) tellurite glasses were successfully prepared by the melt‐quenching technique. Emission characteristics and energy transfer mechanisms were studied upon 785‐nm laser diode excitation. A significant enhancement of emission intensity at 1.81 μm with increasing concentration of Tm3+ ions has been observed while increase in the emission intensity at 2.0 μm with increasing concentration of Ho3+ has been observed up to the equal concentration of Tm3+ (0.5 mol%) in TBZLN glasses. The stimulated emission cross section of Tm3+: 3F4→3H6 (5.20×10−21 cm2) and Ho3+: 5I7→5I8 (4.00×10−21 cm2) in 1.0 mol% Tm3+‐doped and 0.5 mol% Tm3+/1.0 mol% Ho3+‐codoped TBZLN glasses are higher compared with the reported and are found to be excellent candidates for solid‐state lasers operating at ~1.8 and 2.0 μm, respectively. The extension of near‐infrared (NIR) emission of Tm3+ with Ho3+ ions provides the possibility of using these materials for broadband NIR amplifiers.
Concordance of haemoglobin A1c, blood pressure and C‐reactive protein between children and their parents in Chinese households
Authors: Dong F. , Howard A. G. , Herring A. H. , Adair L. S. , Thompson A. L. , Popkin B. M. , Aiello A. E. , Zhang B. , Gordon‐Larsen P. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundChina has the world's highest diabetes prevalence, which along with hypertension and inflammation continues to grow particularly among children. Little is known about the strength of the association of these cardiometabolic risk factors between parents and their children; thus, the potential of household‐based strategies to reduce risk is unknown.ObjectivesThe objective of the study is to examine the parent–child association for haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in a large, geographically diverse Chinese sample.MethodsIn 940 parent–child pairs (children aged 7–17 years) who participated in the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey, we measured each individual's HbA1c and CRP using fasting blood and BP. We used sex‐specific random‐effects linear regression to examine the parent–child association for these risk factors, accounting for within‐family clustering.ResultsChild's HbA1c was positively associated with parental HbA1c. Beta coefficients ranged from 0.06 (95% CI 0.03–0.12) for father–daughter to 0.43 (95% CI 0.28–0.58) for mother–son pairs. We also detected a positive mother–daughter association for BP and positive father–child associations for CRP.ConclusionThe statistically significant parent–child association for HbA1c, BP and CRP in Chinese families suggests that household‐based interventions could be useful for confronting the high rates of diabetes, hypertension and inflammation in China.
On the Stability of Synthetic CDO Credit Ratings
Authors: Zapata Javier , Cifuentes Arturo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSynthetic collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) performed very badly during the subprime crisis: they suffered massive rating downgrades (even at the most senior levels of the capital structure) and inflicted significant losses on investors. Using numerical simulations, this study shows that such structures are highly unstable; minor errors in the basic assumptions could manifest dramatically in the accuracy of CDO rating calculations. Regardless of the quality of the underlying assets, it is impossible to make reliable statements regarding the future performance of a synthetic CDO tranche. Moreover, this study demonstrates that single‐point credit risk estimators (in which no attempt at specifying a confidence interval is made) could be especially misleading. Finally, the study suggests that a regulatory framework based on credit ratings as they are presently defined is unlikely to be effective.