bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Screening of Substances acting by Alkylation and Metabolic Inhibition
Authors: Barbieri A. De 
Published: July 2016

SummaryMolecular carriers with alkylating sites and sites endowed with antimetabolic activity were synthesized.Phenylalanine and hydroxyphenylalanine having a dichlorodiethylamino group in the benzene ring were chosen as alkylating agents because of their capability to form peptides with natural and antagonist aminoacids.The chemotherapeutic screening was carried out according to CCNSG rules with the only variant that the determination of the weight of the tumors of the treated mice was carried out on the day subsequent to that indicated by the CCNSC, i.e. at the 9th day after tumor implantation. In this same day the spleen weight was determined also. On the previous day, the white cell count was carried out and in way it was allowed an evaluation of the hemotoxicity.The optical isomerism of the compounds plays a fundamental rôle in the chemotherapeutic activity.Examples of different isomers of the tripeptide phenylalanyl-ethionyl-m-sarco-lysine and of the tetrapeptide arginyl-p-fluorophenyl-alanyl-glycyl-m-sarcolysine, endowed with markedly different chemotherapeutic activities (from o to 90) in relation to the different stereochemical configuration are reported.Oxidative phosphorylation, ATPase, glycolysis, Nadase, succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome-oxidase, glutamic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase amino acid oxidase, proteolysis were studied in biochemical pharmacology investigations.The active compounds bring the phosphorylation ratio to zero in Sarcoma 180 mitochondria at doses reducing the P/O by 40-50% in normal liver mitochondria.Interesting observations are pointed out for other enzyme systems, showing the specificity of the activity of some peptides at the biochemical level on tumor enzyme systems in comparison with the same enzyme systems of normal tissues.
Fluorescence Microscope and Electron-Microscope Studies on the Effect of Trenimon on Human Tumour Cells
Authors: Thom R. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA report is given on various forms of administration of Trenimon for local treatment of neoplasms of the serous membranes. For supervision and adjustment of the chemotherapeutic effect supravital staining with acridin orange and phase-contrast microscopy of the untreated effusion sediment are especially suitable. This facilitates distinction between newly formed and preformed granules, which is of importance for the diagnosis. Inhibition of dye-induced production of granules is a very sensitive criterium for assessment of cell vitality. The development of regressive changes in the tumour cells caused by chemotherapy is discussed with reference to micrographs of a metastatic pleural sarcomatosis. Electron-microscope studies on the exudate suggest that prior to necrobiosis an increased transfer of the granular nucleolar component into the cytoplasm takes place. This may be caused by a true increase in the transfer of nucleolar RNA towards the cytoplasm or by an inhibition in the late S-phase.
The Stathmokinetic Agents
Authors: Gedda L. , Cardinali G. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryStathmokinetic agents are a class of antimitotic agents which possess the ability of arresting cell division at the metaphase stage.They are also called spindle poisons because they act by inactivating or distructing the mitotic spindle. Some new discovered stathmokinetic compounds, like vinblastine and vincristine, are effective anti-tumour agents. The mechanism of action of spindle poisons is briefly discussed.
New Derivatives of the Vinca Rosea Alkaloids
Authors: Armstrong James G. 
Published: July 2016

Summary1. Vinblastine (VLB) and vincristine (VCR) are both naturally occurring alkaloids derived from the flowering periwinkle plant, Vinca rosea, Linn.2. Both drugs have large molecules and are very similar in chemical structure. They differ only in that VLB has a methyl group (-CH3) while VCR has a formyl group (-CHO) attached to one of the nitrogen atoms in the molecule.3. In spite of this chemical similarity, VLB and VCR differ greatly in the types of malignancy against which they are effective, their toxicities, and their potencies.4. With these differences in mind, it appeared logical to produce more alkaloids of the series by modifying one of the side chains of VLB.5. Vinglycinate sulfate (VGL), the first of these semisynthetic VLB derivatives to undergo clinical trial, has proved useful in the treatment of some patients with malignant disease. There was no cross-resistance between VGL and its parent substance, VLB, or with VCR.
The Catharanthus Roseus (Vinca Rosea) Alkaloids: A New Glass of Stathmokinetic Agents
Authors: Cardinali G. , Cardinali G. , Centurelli G. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryVinblastine (VLB) and vincristine (VCR) are two alkaloids (extracted from the plant Catahranthus roseus) which possess a definite antitumor activity. The antitumor activity. The antimitotic action of these two alkaloids was studied both on normal bone marrow and leukemic cells. Comparative studies showed that they are, like colchicine, spindle poisons. They, however, differ from colchicine and its derivatives in some of their biological activities.The problem of the relationship between antitumor and antimitotic activity of VLB and VCR is discussed.
Personal experience on the chemiotherapy of leukemias et hematosarcomas
Authors: Mathé G. , Schneider M. , Schwarzenberg L. , Cattan A. , Amiel J. L. , Schlumberger J. R. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYMany drugs have been recently tested in the treatment of leukaemias and hematosarcomas. Some of them have been found active: Dibromomannitol in chronic myeloid leukemia, Leurocristine in lymphoblastic diseases, Vincaleucoblastine and Methyl-Hydrazine in reticulohistiocytal diseases, and Methyl-Glyoxal-Bis (Guanylhydrazone) associated with 2-Hydroxystilbamidine in acute granulocytic leukaemias. Besides, multiple chemotherapy, coupled with the use of stored bone marrow has already given encouraging results in the treatment of hematosarcomas.
Lo studio della cromatina sessuale a fresco mediante il contrasto di fase
Authors: Torrioli Mario 
Published: July 2016

Gli aspetti genetici del globulo rosso rappresentano oggi uno dei campi più fruttiferi in genetica ematologica, sia che essi si guardino dal punto di vista strettamente morfologico, sia da quello della loro costituzione antigene, sia per la qualità dell'emoglobina contenuta etc. Ancora limitato invece è il nostro patrimonio di conoscenze per quel che riguarda i globuli bianchi.Eppure è un campo ricco di promesse, come il notevole numero di forme strettamente legate alla genetica sta a dimostrare. Ricordiamo ad esempio l'anomalia di Alder, quella di Pelger, l'eosinofilia familiare, la granulopenia familiare, etc. — È quindi uno dei punti fondamentali del nostro programma di lavoro uno studio sistematico degli aspetti genetici nella anatomia, fisiologia e patologia del globulo bianco. Non sto a ricordarvi i punti di notevole interesse già ottenuti e che, essendo pubblicati, vi sono già certamente noti. Vorrei invece prospettarvi alcune considerazioni di interesse prevalentemente teorico che pur interessando tutto il campo della genetica medica risaltano nella loro piena attualità nel campo delle genetica ematologica. Dovrò a questo proposito ricalcare alcuni punti già trattati nella relazione Gedda-Torrioli Riggio, ma l'analogia tra i due argomenti, fin troppo evidente, non mi permette di fare altrimenti.
Problèmes génétiques concernants une nouvelle anomalie du globule rouge et le favisme
Authors: Sartori Ernesto 
Published: July 2016

En Sardaigne le favisme hémolytique est bien fréquent. C'est pourquoi j'ai pu conduire une étude génétique de la maladie suivant les méthodes classiques.L'analyse d'un ensemble de 116 fréries atteintes, séparées en 3 catégories selon que les parents étaient tous les deux normaux, l'un seulement atteint ou tous les deux atteints, a donné les résultats suivants:1. Une correspondance satisfaisante, au control par le X2, des rapports observés et prévus, suivant la méthode de Bernstein, entre les enfants atteints et les normaux, dans l'hypothèse d'une transmission héréditaire recessive de la prédisposition à la maladie, cette prédisposition étant identifiée par la maladie même, soufferte au moin une fois.2. La disparition prèsque totale, après l'age de 30 ans, de la forte prépondérance du sexe masculin sur le féminin, observée chez les enfants atteints.3. Une prépondérance des mâles bien plus forte parmi les enfants hospitalisés, c'est-à-dire chez les plus graves, que parmi les autres.4. Une fréquence calculée du gène de 0.133, incompatible avec l'hypothèse d'une liaison absolue du gène au chromosome X, même en considération de la sex-ratio la plus favorable à cette hypothèse, observée chez les enfants hospitalisés (300 m % f).5. La sex-ratio — déduite de 226 familles — entre les pères et mères atteints de 100 m % f, celle-ci aussi incompatible avec la même hypothèse.6. Pas de différence significative entre le nombre des fréries avec un seul sexe atteint et celui des fréries avec tous les deux atteints, ce qui aurait pu indiquer une liaison incomplète au chromosome X.
Constitutional Pathology of Erythropoiesis
Authors: Bauer Julius 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe concept and definition of constitutional pathology. Genetic erythropathies such as constitutional spherocytosis, leptocytosis, ovalocytosis and drepanocytosis and their relation to hemolytic clinical syndromes are discussed. Sickle cell trait, sickle cell anemia, and sickle cell disease have to be distinguished as clinical manifestations of drepanocytosis. They represent a special variety of a « status degenerativus » (Bauer). Four genetic types of human hemoglobin have so far been identified that differ from each other by their molecular architecture and chemical reactivity. Several constitutional abnormalities of erythropoiesis other than those just mentioned are discussed: a hereditary defect in hemoglobin synthesis; erythroid multinuclearity; acanthocytosis; Fanconi's syndrome of hypoplasia and abiotrophy of the bone marrow as another variety of a status degenerativus.
The Frequency of Monovular and Binovular Twin Births in Italy, 1949 - 1950
Authors: McArthur Norma 
Published: July 2016

Summary and ConclusionsProvided the assumptions underlying Weinberg's method of differentiation of types of twin pairs are correct, this analysis of the statistics of twin births in Italy in the two years 1949 and 1950 shows that there are variations in the frequency of monovular twin births greater than can be attributed to chance deviations from a constant frequency of monovular twinning. There is a tendency for the frequency to increase with maternal age, and for young mothers, a tendency for it to increase also with parity. In general, the occurrence of monovular twinning is probably more closely related to maternal age than to parity.The frequency of binovular twinning appears to be independently related to both maternal age and parity. Amongst births of each rank the frequency of twin births increases to a maximum at maternal ages 35-39 years; and, at each age level, the frequency does not change between birth ranks 1 and 2 but subsequently increases fairly continuously. There is a suggestion that there may be a modal birth rank as well as a modal maternal age, and that binovular twinning may be no more closely related to maternal age than to parity.
Emission and Absorption of OH in Southern HII Regions
Authors: McGee R. X. , Gardner F. F. 
Published: July 2016

Thirty-one radio sources have been investigated for the presence of OH-line radiation in their directions. Absorption and anomalous emission lines were observed.The equipment and methods of observation have been described by Gardner, McGee and Robinson (1967). An aerial beamwidth of 12’.5 arc was combined with a 48-channel line receiver of bandwidths 37 and 10 kHz.
Planetary Modulation of Solar Activity
Authors: Bigg E. K. , Mulhall P. S. 
Published: July 2016

It has recently been shown that the planet Mercury exerts a small control on relative sunspot numbers, the degree of control depending on the positions of the other planets.This paper describes the results of extending the work to include all the planets.As a working hypothesis we have assumed that gravitational tidal forces induced on the Sun by the planets may modulate solar activity and have accordingly calculated relative equilibrium ‘high tide’ displacements of the solar surface for each day from the positions, masses and distances of the first six planets. Although the tides are very slight, the mass of displaced material is appreciable and varies over the very wide range of nearly 5 to 1.
The Anglo-Australian 150-Inch Telescope
Authors: Bowen E.G. 
Published: July 2016

In April of this year agreement was reached between the British and the Australian Governments to build a 150-inch telescope for observations of the southern sky.The agreement specified that:
(i) the telescope would be built at the Australian National University’s present site at Siding Spring Observatory;(ii) the expected cost was $11 million and the telescope would be built and operated on a 50-50 basis as between the two Governments;(iii) the telescope would be virtually a copy of the existing Kitt Peak 150-inch design. This was intended to save the time usually needed for the design of a new telescope and, as we shall see, it might lead to considerable savings in cost.
Neutrino-Electron Interactions and Stellar Evolution
Authors: Campbell J.A. 
Published: July 2016

A large part of the energy lost from interiors of evolving stars at temperatures greater than about 5 × 108°K is carried away by neutrinos. Three neutrino-producing reactions which have been incorporated in various evolutionary models are the photoneutrino process:
direct annihilation of electron-positron pairs:
and the plasma process:
Population I Helium Burning Red Giants. Theory
Authors: Faulkner D. J. 
Published: July 2016

In the preceding paper, Cannon has outlined the observational evidence for the existence of a distinct concentration of stars near the base of the red giant branch in intermediate-age galactic clusters, which he tentatively identifies with the core helium burning phase of evolution occurring after the helium flash. This paper reports preliminary results of evolutionary calculations to test this identification.Since the computation of hydrogen shell-burning evolution up the red giant branch is extremely time-consuming, the present calculations have been commenced at the stage immediately following the helium flash. It is assumed that no overall mixing occurs at the flash, so that the composition discontinuity at the hydrogen-burning shell remains sharp. The initial stellar composition was set at (X, Y, Z) = (0.68, 0.30, 0.02), corresponding to Population I material.
The Development of a Black Hole—The Oppenheimer-Snyder Dust Cloud
Authors: Szekeres P. 
Published: July 2016

When a star of mass ≳ 2M⊙ collapses there does not appear to exist any physical mechanism to prevent total gravitational collapse, unless in some miraculous way the star always manages to blow off enough mass for it to settle down into a stable neutron star or white dwarf configuration. General relativity is needed in order to handle the ultimate situation, and the theory predicts a critical radius ρ = 2m (in units such that G = c = 1) at which the coordinates in the Schwarzschild solutionbecome invalid.
Relaxation Oscillations in Red-Giant Envelopes and the Symbiotic Stars
Authors: Wood P. R. 
Published: July 2016

The spectrum of a symbiotic star consists of an M-type absorption spectrum, a B-type shell spectrum and nebula emission lines, the relative contributions of these three components varying with time. The light curves of the symbiotic stars vary with a semi-regular period typically 200-800 days while larger eruptions occur on a timescale of ~ 3.5 years. Some suggestions which have been advanced to explain the combination spectrum, variability and eruptive behaviour of the symbiotic stars are:
(a)the symbiotic stars are binaries consisting of a hot and cool component.(b)the symbiotic stars consist of a single hot star surrounded by a large optically thick envelope giving the appearance of a hot continuum with the absorption spectrum of a cool star superimposed on it.(c)the symbiotic stars are single stars surrounded by a shock wave heated chromosphere.Although some of the symbiotic stars are undoubtedly binaries (for example, T Coronae Borealis), observatienal evidence suggests that others may be explained by hypothesis (c) above. The calculations described below provide an explanation of the symbiotic stars in conjunction with hypothesis (c).
The Dynamics of the Magellanic Stream
Authors: Wright Alan E. 
Published: July 2016

In this talk I shall describe briefly some of the theoretical ideas of the origin of the Magellanic Stream and then give a more personal view of the results of model fitting.The Magellanic Stream definitely seems to be an extragalactic feature: the apparent connection of the Stream to the Magellanic Clouds and the continuity of the radial velocity profiles make it highly implausible that the Stream is a local foreground feature.
The Masses and Origin of Carbon Stars
Authors: Bessell M. S. , Wood P. R. , Evans T. Lloyd 
Published: July 2016

Carbon stars have always been amongst the most intriguing of stars which show grossly non-solar abundances. All such stars raise the questions:(a) at what stage of stellar evolution does this peculiar abundance phase occur?(b) do all stars pass through this stage?(c) is the phase significant in the overall picture of galactic nucleosynthesis?
Qantization Errors in the Digital Implementation of “CLEAN”
Authors: Chen C. F. 
Published: July 2016

Since its introduction by Högbom (1974), ‘clean’ has been widely used to restore images from the aperture synthesis techniques of radio astronomy. The method iteratively subtracts from the maximum deflection of the image the point source response and so deconvolves it with some loop gain;where yn = residue image.xn = deconvolving beam derived by matching the peak of the beam to where yn has the maximum deflection and band-limiting the size of beam within the image,An = a scalar in accordance with the loop gain applied to the residue image, andn = iteration.Ideally, the residue image converges to noise level. In digital processing, the method is implemented with special purpose hardware, general purpose computer, or array processor. In all cases the image to be restored (the ‘dirty’ map), the space-invariant beam used to deconvolve the image (the ‘dirty’ antenna pattern) and the loop gain are stored in binary format in memories and registers with finite wordlength. (Wordlength is an economic factor both in hardware and software implementations).
The Parkes-Tidbinbilla Interferometer
Authors: Norris R. P. , Batty Michael J. , Kesteven M. J. , Wellington K. J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report the development of a radio-linked interferometer which uses the 64-m telescope at Parkes, NSW, and one of the NASA antennas (64-m or 34-m) at Tidbinbilla, ACT. With a baseline of approximately 275 km, this is the world’s longest real-time interferometer; it will be usable at frequencies of 1.6, 2.3, 8.4, and 22 GHz to give angular resolutions of 0.13, 0.09, 0.03, and 0.01 arcsec respectively. The interferometer has already operated successfully in a limited mode and is expected to become fully operational in its initial configuration by September 1985. Operation at a range of frequencies and with progressive enhancements is planned up to the commissioning of the Australia Telescope in 1988.
An Optical and X-ray study of the Radio Source 3C75
Authors: Caganoff S. , Bicknel G. V. , Carter D. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract3C75 consists of a pair of twin-jetted radio galaxies near the centre of the cluster Abell 400 which is a strong extended X-ray source. Fibre spectroscopy from the AAT, combined with number counts of the galaxies in Abell 400 give the gravitational potential of the cluster which is used to model the X-ray source. The inferred pressure of the X-ray gas suggests that the lobes of the radio source are probably confined. Evidence of excess X-ray emission near the centre of the cluster is also found.
Modelling Clusters of Galaxies
Authors: Teague P. F. , Carter D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThorough investigation of clusters of galaxies involves the complete modelling of their dynamics and structure. Presented here is a description of such a substantial project utilizing a sample of several rich southern clusters of galaxies. Incorporating results from radial velocity analyses of cluster galaxies and X-ray images of the clusters into rigorously constructed models of the cluster potential well and atmosphere will enable the dynamics, structure and evolution of clusters to be tied down.
Physical Structure of a Sequence of Two Zone Polytropic Stellar Models
Authors: Murphy J. O. , Fiedler R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExpressions for the physical structure of a sequence of two zone polytropic stellar models, based on composite analytical solutions of the Lane-Emden equation with indices n = 1 and n = 5, hâve been determined. The coefficients of vibrational stability for radial oscillations of this sequence of models have also been calculated and it is found that increasing the extent of the n = 5 outer zone has a stabilizing effect.
Time Dependent Multimode Hexagonal Magnetoconvection
Authors: Lopez J. M. , Murphy J. O. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe time dependent multimode equations for magnetoconvection have been solved numerically for a range of parameter values and cell sizes. The solutions demonstrate the nonlinear interactions between the different scales of motion and how the induced magnetic field is concentrated into the smaller length scale. The generation of mean kinetic and magnetic helicity occurs at low Prandtl number which has significant physical interpretations in the solar situation.
Culgoora Catalogue of Solar Radio Noise Storms, 1973 to 1984
Authors: Stewart R. T. , Eason Helen M. C. , Heisler L. H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA unique data set of 160 MHz solar noise storm positions and polarizations covering a complete sunspot cycle interval from the Skylab period of 1973 through the Solar Maximum intervals of 1980 and 1984 is presented in the form of 27.28-day synoptic plots.
Uranus after Voyager 2 and the Origin of the Solar System
Authors: Prentice A. J. R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe discoveries made by the Voyager 2 spacecraft at Uranus in January 1986 are discussed in the light of the modern Laplacian theory for the formation of the solar system. Various accounts of this theory, which has as its basis the concept of supersonic convective turbulence, have been presented at previous meetings of the ASA (Prentice 1977, 1979, 1981a). The most important confirmation by Voyager was the discovery of 2 new satellite groups near orbital radii 2½ RUand 3½ RU(RU= Uranus’ equatorial radius = 26, 200 km), as first predicted in 1977. The discovery that the densities of the Uranian satellites are consistent with these bodies having condensed in a single compositional class, consisting of anhydrous rock, NH3ice and CH4.6H2O clathrate hydrate in normal solar proportions, confirms the hypothesis that the chemistry of all planetary/regular satellite systems are accounted for by a single choice of the turbulence parameter, namely β = 0.107 ±0.001. The implication of the Voyager data for the origin of comets is also discussed.