bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI PEMBIAYAAN AKAD JUAL BELI DI BAITUL MAL WAT TAMWIL BINA INSAN SEJAHTERA (BIS) KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Sunarsih Aci , Zainul Arifin  , M. Randhy Martadinata  
Published: September 2024

Jual beli merupakan salah satu transaksi tukar menukar barang yang mempunyai nilai, yang dimana salah satu pihak yang menjual barang tersebut, dan pihak lain membelinya sesuai dengan kesepakatan. Akad jual beli atas barang tertentu, dimana penjual menyebutkan harga pembelian barang kepada pembeli dengan mensyaratkan keuntungan yang diharapkan sesuai jumlah tertentu. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pembiayaan akad jual beli yang pertama, Akad yang digunakan tidak sesuai dengan pelaksanaan akad Murabahah di BMT Bina Insan Sejahtera Kota Jambi, Kedua, akad yang digunakan di BMT Bina Insan Sejahtera ada dua yaitu akad Murabahah dan akad ijarah, sedangkan di BMT binas Insan Sejahtera juga ada yang menggunakan akad wadi’ah, dan kurang mensosialisasikan produk pembiyaaan akad jual beli di BMT Bina Insan Sejahtera di Kota Jambi. Prosedur penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang dimulai dengan penentuan sampel akan digunakan pengambilan sampel dengan cara purposive sampling. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah di BMT Bina Insan Sejahtera di Jl. Ki Maja, Simpang III Sipin, Kec. Kota Baru, Kota Jambi, Jambi 36129. Subjek penelitian ini adalah nasabah dan staf di BMT Bina Insan Sejahtera (BIS) Kota Jambi. Pengumpulan Data dilakukan dengan metode observasi, metode wawancara dan metode dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, data reduksi, data displa, dan Penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa Strategi Pembiayaan akad jual beli di BMT Bina Insan Sejahtera (BIS) Kota Jambi dilaksanakan sesuai ketentuan dan peraturanyang telah ditentukan oleh BMT Bina Insan Sejahtera sesuai perbankan syariah.Adapun produk Pembiayaan akad jual beli ini diterapkan melalui sistemPembiayaan Murabahah dan prosedur-prosedur yang menjadi kebijakan iniberawal dari pihak nasabah mendatangi BMT Bina Insan Sejahtera untuk melakukan Pembiayaan. Akad di BMT Bina Insan Sejahtera ada dua yaitu akad Murabahah dan akad ijarah sebagai Pembiayaan yang mendasari akad jual beli dan jasa. Kedua orang yang berakad harus baligh, menyatakan kerelaannya untuk melakukan akad menurut prosedur yang sudah disediakan BMT Bina Insan Sejahtera Kota jambi.
“PENEGAKAN HUKUM PENYALAHGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL UNTUK BULLYING DALAM PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG INFORMASI TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK DAN HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM”.
Authors: Yusuf M. Yusuf , Reza Reza Doyoba , Sulys Setyorini  , Lisa Karang  
Published: September 2024

Pasal 1 ayat (3) UUD 1945 menyebutkan bahwa Indonesia adalah negara hukum, artinya seluruh tatanan kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara didasarkan pada hukum. Oleh karena itu, sebagai negara yang berdasarkan hukum, kehidupan bermasyarakat memerlukan suatu sistem atau aturan hukum untuk mewujudkan masyarakat yang tertib dan harmonis, Penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku penyalahgunaan media sosial untuk bullying dalam perspektif undang-undang informasi transaksi elektronik dan hukum pidana Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa pendekatan yakni pendekatan hukum (normatif apporach) dengan memperhatikan ketentuan hukum. pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan komparatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan dengan menelusuri, membaca serta mencermati segala pemahaman yang ada dalam pustaka. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelusuran maka diperoleh hasil dan kesimpulan sebagai berikut: pertama, Ketetapan hukuman cyberbullying sudah diatur pada undang-undang khusus yang mengaturnya yaitu UU No 19 Tahun 2016 ITE. Kedua, penegakan hukumnya termasuk dalam kategori jarimah Takzir diserahkan kepada ulil Amri (Penguasa atau Pemerintah). Istilah Takzir ini bermakna memberikan pendidikan (pendisiplinan). Maksudnya adalah memberikan hukuman yang bertujuan mengoreksi atau merehabilitasi pelaku kejahatan. Ketiga, berdasarkan analisis perbandingan dalam hukum pidana Indonesia, hal ini diatur dalam UU ITE Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik pada Pasal 27 ayat (1) gabungan pasal 45 ayat (1) dan (2). ) UU ITE pasal 45A ayat (1), (2) dan ayat (3) UU ITE dan pasal 45B. Sedangkan dalam hukum pidana Islam termasuk dalam kategori tindak pidana Jarimah Takzir karena hukumannya tidak ditentukan oleh Allah SWT sehingga hukuman dalam kasus pengancaman akan ditentukan oleh hakim Madzhab.
Exposure to electromagnetic waves for reducing brain health: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Savitri Ida Ayu Gede Winda , Adnyana I Made Dwi Mertha , Wahyudi I Wayan , Dewi Gusti Ayu Putu Wahyu Purnama , Ariastuti Indria , Sundari Ni Luh Putu Ari , Nuartha Pande Komang Aditya Ryan 
Published: September 2024

Exposure to electromagnetic waves has been reported to have an adverse impact on human brain health. Various claims have revealed the impact of long-term exposure to electromagnetic waves clinically and nonclinically, but there are no comprehensive studies that explain the effects of electromagnetic wave exposure on human brain health. This study aimed to identify the effects of electromagnetic wave exposure on human brain health. Using a meta-synthesis approach and bibliometric analysis. A total of 271 articles from Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed were screened to obtain 148 terms and analyzed descriptively. The findings from 2004–2024 articles that met the selection criteria resulted in 10 major clusters, 903 networks and 4,020 network strengths. The terms "1800 MHz mobile phone”, "900 MHz”, "acute exposure”, "assessment”, "behavior”, "bioeffect”, "biological effect”, "biological tissue”, "blood brain barrier”, "cell phone radiation”, "cellular phone”, "cellular telephone”, "central nervous system”, "child”, "chronic exposure" and others were most studied. Increased use of electronic devices and wireless technology significantly affects information processing and storage; disrupts synaptic communication and neuronal signaling; causes cognitive decline; disrupts the integrity of the blood‒brain barrier; and causes hypersensitivity through disruption of monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism, decreased dopamine levels, norepinephrine and epinephrine levels, 5-hydroxytryptamine "serotonin", excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters and acetylcholine esterase (AChE). The increased use of electronic devices and wireless technology significantly affects brain performance and health. Thus, it is important to minimize the effects of exposure to electromagnetic waves.
Vulnerable Employment among Rural Youth in Karnataka State: A Study of Sustainable Livelihood Capitals
Authors: Gunashekhar H. , Sreenivasulu M. , Manjunatha B. , Patil Dayananda , Prem S. Manju , Damodhara G. N. , Kiran N. R. , B N Priyanka , J. Harishkumar 
Published: September 2024

Agriculture in India sustains over half the population, faces a critical challenge as its youth disengage from this sector due to low incomes and high risks, which impedes agricultural reform and competitiveness in the global food market. In 2021, a study was conducted in Karnataka's Mandya and Ramanagara districts, focusing on assessing the vulnerable employment among 120 randomly selected rural youth in agriculture through constructing a vulnerable employment index. The study revealed that the overall composite vulnerable employment index was 0.63, with human capital being the highest contributor to vulnerable employment (0.80), followed by financial capital (0.78), physical capital (0.68), natural capital (0.63), and social capital (0.57). Notably, 67.50 per cent of surveyed youth face moderate to highly vulnerable employment, primarily due to deficiencies in human capital (72.50%), financial capital (72.50%), natural capital (79.16%), and social capital (77.50%). However, there is a glimmer of hope in the relatively lower vulnerability in physical capital (48.33%). This research highlighted the urgent need to address vulnerable employment among rural youth in agricultural endeavour by investing in relevant skills training and education, providing access to financial resources, ensuring sustainable management of natural capital, and fostering strong social capital through mentorship programs and community engagement.
Impact of Land Use Patterns on Soil Invertebrate Abundance and Diversity at GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
Authors: Godavari  , Hiremath Kavya M 
Published: September 2024

At the University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, a study analyzed soil invertebrate macrofauna across four land use types: roadside soil, forest ecosystem, paddy ecosystem, and botanical garden. Sampling involved 12 units across these categories using Berlese-Tullgren funnels. A total of 55 individuals were collected, with ants and spiders found in all land use types, but earthworms and Collembola were absent from paddy ecosystems. Forests showed the highest macrofauna abundance (49.09%), followed by botanical gardens (29.09%). Spiders (45.4%) and Collembola (23.63%) were the most abundant, indicating that natural environments support richer macrofauna communities. Intensive agriculture alters these communities' abundance and diversity.
Dehydration‐induced porosity waves and episodic tremor and slip
Authors: Skarbek Rob M. , Rempel Alan W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEpisodic tremor and slip (ETS) along the subduction interface takes place where there is abundant evidence for elevated, near‐lithostatic pore pressures, at sufficiently great depths (30–45 km) that chemical dehydration reactions must act as their dominant source. We simulate fluid and heat flow while tracking the location of a vertically oriented, one‐dimensional column of material as it subducts through the slow slip and tremor zone. The material in the column is transformed through a pressure‐dependent and temperature‐dependent dehydration reaction that we describe with a generalized nonlinear kinetic rate law. Column deformation is largely dominated by viscous creep, with a closure rate that depends linearly on porosity. This behavior causes the dehydration reaction to generate traveling porosity waves that transport increased fluid pressures within the slow slip region. To explore the possibility that the observed periodicity of slow slip and tremor in subduction zones can be explained by the migration of such porosity waves, we derive a dispersion relation that accurately describes our numerical results. We also obtain an expression for how the thickness of the dehydrating layer is expected to vary as a function of the parameters in the reaction rate law. Although the amplitudes of pore pressure perturbations rival those that are produced by known external forcings (e.g., tides or passing surface waves), our analysis suggests that given reasonable estimates of rock viscosity, permeabilities in the range
to
are required for porosity wave trains to form at periods comparable to those of slow slip and tremor.
Laboratory observations of time‐dependent frictional strengthening and stress relaxation in natural and synthetic fault gouges
Authors: Carpenter B. M. , Ikari M. J. , Marone C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInterseismic recovery of fault strength (healing) following earthquake failure is a fundamental requirement of the seismic cycle and likely plays a key role in determining the stability and slip behavior of tectonic faults. We report on laboratory measurements of time‐ and slip‐dependent frictional strengthening for natural and synthetic gouges to evaluate the role of mineralogy in frictional strengthening. We performed slide‐hold‐slide (SHS) shearing experiments on nine natural fault gouges and eight synthetic gouges at conditions of 20 MPa normal stress, 100% relative humidity (RH), large shear strain (~15), and room temperature. Phyllosilicate‐rich rocks show the lowest rates of frictional strengthening. Samples rich in quartz and feldspar exhibit intermediate rates of frictional strengthening, and calcite‐rich gouges show the largest values. Our results show that (1) the rates of frictional strengthening and creep relaxation scale with frictional strength, (2) phyllosilicate‐rich fault gouges have low strength and healing characteristics that promote stable, aseismic creep, (3) most natural fault gouges exhibit intermediate rates of frictional strengthening, consistent with a broad range of fault slip behaviors, and (4) calcite‐rich fault rocks show the highest rates of frictional strengthening, low values of dilation upon reshear, and high frictional strengths, all of which would promote seismogenic behavior.
In situ stress magnitudes at the toe of the Nankai Trough Accretionary Prism, offshore Shikoku Island, Japan
Authors: Huffman K. A. , Saffer D. M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractQuantifying the orientation and magnitude of tectonic stresses is essential toward understanding deformation and faulting in subduction zones. However, constraints on in situ horizontal stress magnitudes (Shmin and SHmax) are rare. We estimate Shmin and SHmax at Ocean Drilling Program Site 808 at the toe of the Nankai accretionary prism offshore Japan, using coupled constraints from (1) the width of wellbore breakouts together with estimates of rock strength and a model describing stress redistribution at the borehole wall and (2) limits on regional differential stress defined by failure on preexisting faults. Our analysis extends from 175 to 915 m below seafloor (mbsf) and spans the active frontal thrust. For an upper bound on rock unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and assuming hydrostatic formation pore pressure, Shmin and SHmax (referenced to the seafloor) increase from 6.5 MPa at 175 mbsf to 17.4 MPa at 915 mbsf, with the stress state gradually transitioning from a thrust or strike‐slip faulting regime above 800 mbsf to a normal faulting regime below. For cases with higher formation pore pressure, horizontal stresses are slightly lower but follow a similar pattern. We show that estimated Shmin and SHmax are strongly dependent on UCS, breakout width, and friction coefficient, all of which are characterized by uncertainty. Our results suggest that the prism is near thrust failure in the upper ~300 mbsf, but far from failure below. This may be reconciled with active thrusting if thrust faults are locally weaker than the surrounding rock or if SHmax fluctuates during the seismic cycle.
Elasticity of plagioclase feldspars
Authors: Brown J. Michael , Angel Ross J. , Ross Nancy L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractElastic properties are reported for eight plagioclase feldspars that span compositions from albite (NaSi3AlO8) to anorthite (CaSi2Al2O8). Surface acoustic wave velocities measured using Impulsive Stimulated Light Scattering and compliance sums from high‐pressure X‐ray compression studies accurately determine all 21 components of the elasticity tensor for these triclinic minerals. The overall pattern of elasticity and the changes in individual elastic components with composition can be rationalized on the basis of the evolution of crystal structures and chemistry across this solid‐solution join. All plagioclase feldspars have high elastic anisotropy; a* (the direction perpendicular to the b and c axes) is the softest direction by a factor of 3 in albite. From albite to anorthite the stiffness of this direction undergoes the greatest change, increasing twofold. Small discontinuities in the elastic components, inferred to occur between the three plagioclase phases with distinct symmetry (
,
, and
), appear consistent with the nature of the underlying conformation of the framework‐linked tetrahedra and the associated structural changes. Measured body wave velocities of plagioclase‐rich rocks, reported over the last five decades, are consistent with calculated Hill‐averaged velocities using the current moduli. This confirms long‐standing speculation that previously reported elastic moduli for plagioclase feldspars are systematically in error. The current results provide greater assurance that the seismic structure of the middle and lower crusts can be accurately estimated on the basis of specified mineral modes, chemistry, and fabric.
Sea level budget in the Bay of Bengal (2002–2014) from GRACE and altimetry
Authors: Kusche J. , Uebbing B. , Rietbroek R. , Shum C. K. , Khan Z. H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSea level rise is perceived as a major threat to the densely populated coast of the Bay of Bengal. Addressing future rise requires understanding the present‐day sea level budget. Using a novel method and data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite, we partition altimetric sea level rise (6.1 mm/a over 2002–2014) into mass and steric components. We find that current mass trends in the Bay of Bengal are slightly above global mean, while steric trends appear much larger: 2.2–3.1 mm/a if we disregard a residual required to close the budget, and 4.3–4.6 mm/a if, as an upper bound, we attribute this residual entirely to steric expansion. Our method differs from published approaches in that it explains altimetry and GRACE data in a least squares inversion, while mass anomalies are parameterized through gravitationally self‐consistent fingerprints, and steric expansion through EOFs. We validate our estimates by comparing to Argo and modeling for the Indian Ocean, and by comparing total water storage change (TWSC) for the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins to the conventional GRACE approach. We find good agreement for TWSC, and reasonable agreement for steric heights, depending on the ocean region and Argo product. We ascribe differences to weaknesses of the Argo data, but we also find the inversion to be to some extent sensitive with respect to the EOFs. Finally, combining our estimates with CMIP5‐simulations, we estimate that Bay of Bengal absolute sea level may rise for additional 37 cm under the RCP4.5 scenario and 40 cm under RCP8.5 until 2050, with respect to 2005.
Large vertical gradient of reactive nitrogen oxides in the boundary layer: Modeling analysis of DISCOVER‐AQ 2011 observations
Authors: Zhang Yuzhong , Wang Yuhang , Chen Gao , Smeltzer Charles , Crawford James , Olson Jennifer , Szykman James , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Knapp David J. , Montzka Denise D. , Wisthaler Armin , Mikoviny Tomas , Fried Alan , Diskin Glenn 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn often used assumption in air pollution studies is a well‐mixed boundary layer (BL), where pollutants are evenly distributed. Because of the difficulty in obtaining vertically resolved measurements, the validity of the assumption has not been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, we use more than 200 vertical profiles observed in the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER‐AQ) aircraft campaign in July 2011 to examine the vertical distributions of pollutants over the Washington‐Baltimore area. While many long‐lived species are well mixed in daytime, the observed average vertical profile of NOx shows a large negative gradient with increasing altitude in the BL. Our analysis suggests that the magnitude of the NOx gradient is highly sensitive to atmospheric stability. We investigate how parameterizations of the BL and land‐surface processes impact vertical profiles in a 1‐D chemical transport model, using three BL schemes (Asymmetric Convective Model version 2 (ACM2), Yonsei University (YSU), and Mellor‐Yamada‐Janjic (MYJ)) and two land‐surface schemes (Noah and Rapid Update Cycle (RUC)). The model reasonably reproduces the median vertical profiles of NOx under different BL stability conditions within 30% of observations, classified based on potential temperature gradient and BL height. Comparisons with NOx observations for individual vertical profiles reveal that while YSU performs better in the turbulent and deep BL case, in general, ACM2 (RMSE = 2.0 ppbv) outperforms YSU (RMSE = 2.5 ppbv) and MYJ (RMSE = 2.2 ppbv). Results also indicate that the land‐surface schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model have a small impact on the NOx gradient. Using model simulations, we analyze the impact of BL NOx gradient on the calculation of the ozone production rate and satellite NO2 retrieval. We show that using surface measurements and the well‐mixed BL assumption causes a ~45% high bias in the estimated BL ozone production rate and that the variability of NO2 vertical profiles is responsible for 5–10% variability in the retrieved NO2 tropospheric vertical columns.
Changes in atmospheric carbonyl sulfide over the last 54,000 years inferred from measurements in Antarctic ice cores
Authors: Aydin M. , Campbell J. E. , Fudge T. J. , Cuffey K. M. , Nicewonger M. R. , Verhulst K. R. , Saltzman E. S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe measured carbonyl sulfide (COS) in air extracted from ice core samples from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide, Antarctica, with the deepest sample dated to 54,300 years before present. These are the first ice core COS measurements spanning the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the last glacial/interglacial transition, and the early Holocene. The WAIS Divide measurements from the LGM and the last transition are the first COS measurements in air extracted from full clathrate (bubble‐free) ice. This study also includes new COS measurements from Taylor Dome, Antarctica, including some in bubbly glacial ice that are concurrent with the WAIS Divide data from clathrate glacial ice. COS hydrolyzes in ice core air bubbles, and the recovery of an atmospheric record requires correcting for this loss. The data presented here suggest that the in situ hydrolysis of COS is significantly slower in clathrate ice than in bubbly ice. The clathrate ice measurements are corrected for the hydrolysis loss during the time spent as bubbly ice only. The corrected WAIS Divide record indicates that atmospheric COS was 250–300 parts per trillion (ppt) during the LGM and declined by 80–100 ppt during the last glacial/interglacial transition to a minimum of 160–210 ppt at the beginning of the Holocene. This decline was likely caused by an increase in the gross primary productivity of terrestrial plants, with a possible contribution from a reduction in ocean sources. COS levels were above 300 ppt in the late Holocene, indicating that large changes in the COS biogeochemical cycle occurred during the Holocene.
Stability analysis of ecomorphodynamic equations
Authors: Bärenbold F. , Crouzy B. , Perona P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn order to shed light on the influence of riverbed vegetation on river morphodynamics, we perform a linear stability analysis on a minimal model of vegetation dynamics coupled with classical one‐ and two‐dimensional Saint‐Venant‐Exner equations of morphodynamics. Vegetation is modeled as a density field of rigid, nonsubmerged cylinders and affects flow via a roughness change. Furthermore, vegetation is assumed to develop following a logistic dependence and may be uprooted by flow. First, we perform the stability analysis of the reduced one‐dimensional framework. As a result of the competitive interaction between vegetation growth and removal through uprooting, we find a domain in the parameter space where originally straight rivers are unstable toward periodic longitudinal patterns. For realistic values of the sediment transport parameter, the dominant longitudinal wavelength is determined by the parameters of the vegetation model. Bed topography is found to adjust to the spatial pattern fixed by vegetation. Subsequently, the stability analysis is repeated for the two‐dimensional framework, where the system may evolve toward alternate or multiple bars. On a fixed bed, we find instability toward alternate bars due to flow‐vegetation interaction, but no multiple bars. Both alternate and multiple bars are present on a movable, vegetated bed. Finally, we find that the addition of vegetation to a previously unvegetated riverbed favors instability toward alternate bars and thus the development of a single course rather than braiding.