bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining domestic violence against women using machine learning methods: The case of Türkiye
Authors: Başaran Fatma , Duru Pınar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundDomestic violence against women is a pervasive issue globally, representing a severe violation of human rights and a significant public health concern. The hidden nature of such violence and its frequent underreporting make it a critical area for research. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence offer new avenues for identifying and predicting instances of domestic violence through machine learning (ML) algorithms.AimThis study aimed to determine the frequency and risk factors of domestic violence against women using ML methods.MethodsWith a cross‐sectional design, this research was conducted with 630 married women between December 2023 and February 2024. Data were obtained using the ‘Demographic Information Form’ and the ‘HITS Domestic Violence Scale’. Data analysis used six ML algorithms (decision tree, random forest, support vector machine [SVM], logistic regression [LR], Naive Bayes and k‐nearest neighbour).ResultsIn our study, the rate of women experiencing violence was determined to be 11%, while the duration of marriage, number of children and level of education were identified as significant risk factors. Threat, insult and injury were common risk factors in all algorithms. SVM and LR algorithms were effective models in predicting violence with a 100% accuracy rate. All ML algorithms' sensitivity ranged from 91.12% to 100%, while specificity ranged from 85% to 100%.ConclusionThe findings of our study demonstrate that ML algorithms have high accuracy rates in determining the frequency and risk factors of domestic violence against women, indicating that they can be used safely.
The role of patient reported symptom data in co‐producing meaning in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Skyrme Sarah , Dixon William G. , van der Veer Sabine N. , Sanders Caroline , Sharp Charlotte A. , Dowding Dawn 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRationalePatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experience a range of symptoms including joint pain and inflammation, stiffness, fatigue, anxiety, and low mood. Similar to patients with other long‐term conditions, they may have periods of time when their disease is under control, and times when their condition is less stable, requiring treatment adjustments. The REMORA2 feasibility study explored the implementation of an integrated symptom‐tracking system using a smartphone application (app), enabling patients to track day‐to‐day symptoms. The data was available in the electronic health record to be viewed at subsequent consultations.Aims and ObjectivesThis paper explores patients' comments on living with RA, and how patient‐reported symptom data supports informed interactions as patients and clinicians work together to coproduce meaning from the data.MethodIndividual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 21 patients and 7 clinicians, supplemented by nonparticipant observations of 5 clinical appointments. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data from the interviews, with an ethnographic approach used to analyse the observational data.ResultsBoth clinicians and patients reported the benefits of reviewing the data in the clinic together. This helped inform decisions about pain management and identified patients who might otherwise have dismissed symptoms such as pain, because of their natural inclination to be stoical.ConclusionImproved insights on the care of RA were generated as patients and clinicians discuss symptom tracking data. This can assist the patient‐clinician dyad in the process of two‐way learning and shared decision‐making on the management of a long‐term condition.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Self‐Efficacy Tool for the Ability to Support Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Bayri Bingol Fadime , Dişsiz Melike , Karaçam Yilmaz Zeynep Dilşah , Kocataş Aleyna , Polat Merve , Karanfil Sabriye 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of the study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Self‐Efficacy Tool for the Ability to Support Breastfeeding Mothers.MethodsIn the current methodological study, research data were collected using a Descriptive Information Form and the Self‐Efficacy Tool for the Ability to Support Breastfeeding Mothers. Validity analysis was conducted using the content validity index, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. The Pearson product‐moment correlation and Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients were performed for reliability analysis. High scores indicate a higher ability to support breastfeeding mothers.ResultsTo evaluate the tool's invariance over time, test‐retest measurements were made at an interval of at least two weeks and showed no difference in mean scores (p > 0.05). Corrected item‐total score correlations varied between 0.43 and 0.77. The Cronbach alpha value was determined to be 0.97, which indicated high internal consistency.ConclusionThe results of the present study show that the Turkish version of the Self‐Efficacy Tool for the Ability to Support Breastfeeding Mothers is valid and reliable. It can be utilised as a measurement tool to determine the degree of self‐efficacy in the ability to support breastfeeding mothers.
Quantitative evaluation of internal cluster validation indices using binary data sets
Authors: Pakgohar Naghmeh , Lengyel Attila , Botta‐Dukát Zoltán 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsDifferent clustering methods often classify the same data set differently. Selecting the “best” clustering solution from alternatives is possible with cluster validation indices. Because of the large variety of cluster validation indices (CVIs), choosing the most suitable index concerning the data set and clustering algorithms is challenging. We aim to assess different internal clustering validation indices.MethodsArtificial binary data sets with equal‐ and unequal‐sized well‐separated a priori clusters were simulated and three levels of noise were then added. Twenty replications of each of the six types of data sets (two group sizes × three levels of noise) were created and analyzed by three clustering algorithms with Jaccard dissimilarity. Twenty‐seven clustering validation indices are evaluated including both geometric and non‐geometric indices.ResultsAlthough, in theory, all CVIs could differentiate between good and wrong classifications, only a few perform as expected with noisy data. Tau and silhouette widths proved to be the best geometric CVIs both for equal and unequal cluster sizes. Among non‐geometric indices, crispness and OptimClass performed best.ConclusionWe recommend using these best‐performing CVIs. We suggest plotting the CVI value against the number of clusters because the lack of a sharp peak means that the position of the maximum is uncertain.
We prefer night‐time, they prefer daytime: Biological rhythm variability in cave‐dwelling whip spiders (Amblypygi: Charontidae) in the Neotropics
Authors: de Souza P. E. , da Silva Brandão Gonçalves B. , Souza‐Silva M. , Ferreira R. L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe lack of understanding regarding how endogenous and behavioral factors affect the biological rhythms of amblypygid arachnids in cave environments underscores a gap in chronobiologic knowledge for this group. This study investigates the influence of specialization on subterranean habitats and the presence of biological rhythms on the locomotor activity patterns of the troglobitic and troglophilic species of the genus Charinus. Specimens collected from carbonate caves in Brazil were subjected to experimental treatments of constant light (LL), constant darkness (DD), and light–dark cycles (LD). The results revealed variations in the distribution of main periods among species, without a uniform pattern. Although some specimens showed greater variability in activity patterns in the DD and LL treatments, no significant differences were observed between troglobites and troglophiles. The lack of a clear distinction in rhythms between the two groups suggests the dynamic nature of circadian rhythms in these populations, where individual variations in activity patterns indicate this behavioral diversity. Additionally, intraspecific competition for food resources, probably intensified by the oligotrophic conditions of the cave environments, may play an important role in shaping these patterns and differences in activity phases. The presence of infradian rhythms and weak circadian rhythms in some individuals underscores the importance of considering non‐photic zeitgebers for a deeper understanding of these rhythms in cave organisms.
Food Preference of Purple‐Spotted Bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus Richardson 1846) in Northern Coast of Java, Indonesia
Authors: Setyobudi Eko , Murwantoko Murwantoko , Satriyo Tony Budi , Hardianto Eko , Waskitho Wahyu Novianto Bagas , Astuti Niken , Maharani Hana Cahya , Prastiwi Fentriana Aji 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDiet is one of the essential information used in the management of fisheries resource. The objective of this study was to assess the dietary preferences, index of preponderance, trophic level, food niche breadth, and food overlap of purple‐spotted bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus) caught from the northern coast of Java, Indonesia. A total of 407 fish samples were collected from July to October 2023. Each fish sample was measured for total length and body weight. Fish were then dissected to determine sex, gut length, gut volume, and diet composition. Data analysis included relative gut length, diet composition, frequency of occurrence, trophic level, index of preponderance, food niche breadth, and food overlap. The result showed that the purple‐spotted bigeye is a carnivorous fish (trophic level ranges from 3.88 to 4.18), whose main food is fish and shrimp. Based on the niche breadth value, purple‐spotted bigeye from East Java were more diverse in finding food (niche breadth = 0.26) than from West Java (niche breadth = 0.06) and Central Java (niche breadth = 0.09). The purple‐spotted bigeye species from West Java and Central Java exhibited a high level of competition in their search for food, as indicated by a food overlap value of 0.998.
Randomised trial of three treatments for amblyopia: Vision therapy and patching, perceptual learning and patching alone
Authors: Hernández‐Andrés Rosa , Serrano Miguel Ángel , Alacreu‐Crespo Adrián , Luque María José 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundActive vision therapy for amblyopia shows good results, but there is no standard vision therapy protocol. This study compared the results of three treatments, two combining patching with active therapy and one with patching alone, in a sample of children with amblyopia.MethodsTwo protocols have been developed: (a) perceptual learning with a computer game designed to favour the medium‐to‐high spatial frequency‐tuned achromatic mechanisms of parvocellular origin and (b) vision therapy with a specific protocol and 2‐h patching. The third treatment group used patching only. Fifty‐two amblyopic children (aged 4–12 years), were randomly assigned to three monocular treatment groups: 2‐h patching (n = 18), monocular perceptual learning (n = 17) and 2‐h patching plus vision therapy (n = 17). Visual outcomes were analysed after 3 months and compared with a control group (n = 36) of subjects with normal vision.ResultsVisual acuity (VA) and stereoacuity (STA) improved significantly after treatment for the three groups with the best results for patching plus vision therapy, followed by monocular perceptual learning, with patching only least effective. Change in the interocular difference in VA was significant for monocular perceptual learning, followed by patching. Differences in STA between groups were not significant. For VA and interocular differences, the final outcomes were influenced by the baseline VA and interocular difference, respectively, with greater improvements in subjects with poorer initial values.ConclusionsVisual acuity and STA improved with the two most active treatments, that is, vision therapy followed by perceptual learning. Patching alone showed the worst outcome. These results suggest that vision therapy should include monocular accommodative exercises, ocular motility and central fixation exercises where the fovea is more active.
Non‐orthogonal spectacle correction for irregular astigmatism
Authors: Hulpus Adela , Henry Ritchie , White Lynn , Lopes Bernardo T. , Romano Vito , Abass Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the potential improvement in visual acuity and subjective perception of image quality in patients with keratoconus using non‐orthogonal correction (NOC) cylinder trial lenses where the steep and flat power meridians are set at angles less or greater than 90°.MethodsA set of NOC plano/cylindrical trial lenses, where the axes between the power meridians were set at a range of non‐orthogonal angles, were used to refract 18 participants with keratoconus in whom 23 eyes were used for testing. Corneal elevation data were processed by bespoke MATLAB code from Pentacam Scheimpflug tomographer scans. Each participant first underwent subjective refraction using standard orthogonal cylinder trial lenses, and the monocular best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logMAR) was recorded for each eye. They then underwent a second subjective refraction using NOC cylinder trial lenses created for the study and completed a questionnaire to elicit their subjective appraisal of letter clarity and ghosting.ResultsFourteen (61%) eyes demonstrated an increase in objective BCVA with the NOC versus the orthogonal correction; seven (30%) eyes showed no change and in two (9%) eyes, the BCVA was slightly worse. Further, 87% and 79% experienced an increase in letter clarity and a reduction in ghosting, respectively, independent of changes in BCVA. The majority of non‐orthogonal angles were in the range of 80°–85°, and it was possible to refine the cylinder and axis of the NOC further compared with the orthogonal correction. All but one of the participants said they would be interested in trying non‐orthogonal spectacles if the opportunity arose.ConclusionsCorrecting irregular astigmatism in keratoconic individuals with non‐orthogonal spectacle correction may provide benefit in terms of increased visual acuity, improvements in letter clarity and a reduction of ghosting effects. This type of correction has the potential to improve the overall quality of life for patients with keratoconus.
Recombinant Gad c 1 improves diagnostic efficacy of cod allergy but not horse mackerel allergy
Authors: Yanagida Noriyuki , Chiyotanda Masako , Kimura Haruka , Sato Sakura , Takahashi Kyohei , Nagakura Ken‐ichi , Ogura Kiyotake , Itonaga Takaaki , Miura Yoko , Fusayasu Naoko , Ebisawa Motohiro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundParvalbumin Gad c1 is a major cod allergen used as a follow‐up marker of fish‐allergic children. However, the diagnostic efficacy of recombinant Gad c 1 (rGad c 1) for fish allergy diagnosis remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of rGad c1 for diagnosing cod and horse mackerel allergy.MethodsThis single‐centered, retrospective study obtained oral food challenges (OFCs) information performed for cod and horse mackerel. Cod‐, horse mackerel‐, and rGad c1‐specific immunoglobulins (sIgEs) were investigated. Diagnostic performances of these parameters were compared using areas under the curve (AUC).ResultsWe enrolled 45 and 38 children with suspected cod and horse mackerel allergies, respectively. The median age (interquartile range) of children with suspected cod allergy was 5.7 (0.7–11.7) years and that of children with suspected horse mackerel allergy was 6.0 (1.0–12.3) years. Fourteen and 22 children reacted to OFCs with 25 (10–40) g of cooked pacific cod and 40 (10–40) g of cooked horse mackerel, respectively. The cod sIgE and rGad c 1 sIgE AUCs for cod allergy diagnosis were 0.85 and 0.90, respectively. For horse mackerel allergy diagnosis, AUCs of horse mackerel and rGad c 1 sIgE were 0.76 and 0.72, respectively. Both AUCs for cod and mackerel allergy were significantly different.ConclusionrGad c 1 sIgE is more effective than cod sIgE as a diagnostic marker of cod allergy, but less effective than horse mackerel sIgE as a diagnostic marker of horse mackerel allergy. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential applications of rGad c 1 sIgE in the diagnosis of various fish allergies.
Cross‐cultural dynamics of narcissism and prosocial behavior: Unveiling the role of social status pursuit and collectivism
Authors: An Zihao , Zou Yuhan , Wu Sheng , Tong Song , Peng Kaiping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between narcissism and prosocial behavior, challenging the mainstream view that narcissism typically undermines prosocial actions. We argue that in collectivist cultures, where social harmony and interdependence are central, narcissistic traits can manifest as prosocial behavior, driven by the pursuit of social status. This dynamic is moderated by interdependent self‐construal, which ties personal identity to group relationships. To substantiate our claim, we conducted four comprehensive studies. Study 1 (N = 425) analyzed the cross‐cultural variance in the relationship between narcissism and prosocial behavior. Studies 2A (N = 244) and 2B (N = 295) accessed and manipulated the interdependent self‐construal individuals in both Eastern and Western cultural settings to explore the moderating role of cultural tendencies. Study 3 (N = 605) explored a moderated mediation model to explore the mechanisms underpinning the facilitated effect of narcissism on prosocial behavior through the social status pursuit. Our research shows that in collectivist settings, narcissism can fuel prosocial behaviors, moderated by interdependent self‐construal, which connects narcissism to prosocial behavior through the desire for social status. This breakthrough deepens our understanding of narcissism within cultural contexts, highlighting the importance of considering cultural factors in psychological research and offering new insights into the diverse expressions of personality traits across societies.
Systematic review of the evidence for treatment and management of common skin conditions in resource‐limited settings: An update
Authors: Amgarth‐Duff Ingrid , Thomas Hannah , Ricciardo Bernadette M. , Anderson Lorraine , Stephens Mike , Currie Bart J. , Steer Andrew C. , Tong Steven Y. C. , Crooks Kristy , Hempenstall Allison , Tatian Artiene , Foster Rachel , Kavalam George , Pallegedara Tharushi , Walls Kennedy , Bowen Asha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe skin is the largest and most visible organ of the human body. As such, skin infections can have a significant impact on overall health, social wellbeing and self‐image. In 2019, we published a systematic review of the treatment, prevention and public health control of skin infections including impetigo, scabies, crusted scabies and tinea in resource‐limited settings where skin infections are endemic. This current review serves as an update to assess the evidence for treatment of these conditions as well as atopic dermatitis, molluscum contagiosum and head lice in endemic settings. The data from this systematic review have supported an update to the Australian National Healthy Skin guidelines.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using two separate searches in MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane and Web of Science. The first search was an update of the 2018 systematic review using the same search strategy for the same skin conditions to identify emerging literature from 2018 to 2022. The second search strategy used the same key terms but with the addition of atopic dermatitis, head lice and molluscum contagiosum from 1960 to 2022. Eligible studies included Indigenous peoples and populations in resource‐limited settings with a diagnosis of impetigo, scabies, crusted scabies, tinea capitis, atopic dermatitis, molluscum contagiosum or who presented with head lice. Studies conducted in high‐income countries were excluded. Articles were screened for inclusion independently by one author with a second group of reviewers independently double screening. Data extraction and an in‐depth quality assessment conducted by one author and checked by two others.ResultsOf 1466 original articles identified, 68 studies were included and key findings outlined for impetigo, scabies, crusted scabies, atopic dermatitis, head lice and molluscum contagiosum. Recommendations for each condition based on the available evidence are provided.ConclusionThe importance of assessing literature relevant to the populations with heavy burden of skin infections is outlined in this systematic review. We have summarised updates to this literature, which may benefit in developing guidelines for skin infection management similar to the National Healthy Skin Guidelines for Australia.
Role of local anisotropy in hybrid stars
Authors: Lopes Luiz L. , Das H. C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUsing the Bower–Liang model, we discuss how pressure anisotropies affect the microscopic and macroscopic properties of hybrid stars. We find that anisotropies affect the maximum mass, central density, and radius of the canonical stars. Anisotropies also affect the minimum neutron star mass that presents quarks in their core, as well as the total amount of quarks for the maximally massive stars. We also confront our results with standard constraints, such as the radius and the tidal parameter of the canonical star, as well as the mass and radius of the PSR J0740+6620 pulsar. We observe that moderate values for anisotropies could fulfill these constraints simultaneously. On the other hand, within more extreme degrees of anisotropies, more speculative constraints such as black widow pulsars PSR J0952-0607 and the mass-gap object in the GW190814 event can be explained as hybrid stars. We also investigate the role of anisotropies in the neutron stars’ moment of inertia.
Satanwebs and the Torch Bearer: Reading Samīr Naqqāsh’s Unreadable Vernacular Novel
Authors: Caiani Fabio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nzūlah u-khēṭ al-shīṭān (1986) is the great “vernacular novel” of the late Iraqi Jewish writer Samīr Naqqāsh (1938–2004). The novel, set in the 1940s–early 1950s, tells of the twilight of Jewish Baghdad. Vernacularity and hybridity are the hallmarks of the text’s difficulty, its supposed unreadability and untranslatability. Nzūlah manifests an extreme case of heteroglossia, as it is written in literary Arabic, but also in the Jewish and Muslim Baghdadi vernaculars, while also including hundreds of footnotes that affect and direct the act of reading. In this article, this seemingly inaccessible novel is analyzed through the lens of the theoretical concepts of “untranslatability” and “comprehensibility.” Besides being a lament for a lost homeland, Nzūlah calls for its readers to appropriate a seemingly dying idiom and, in so doing, perform a significant political gesture that resonates with the ways Naqqāsh’s work has been read in both Iraq and Israel since his death in 2004.