bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary procyanidins selectively modulate intestinal farnesoid X receptor‐regulated gene expression to alter enterohepatic bile acid recirculation: elucidation of a novel mechanism to reduce triglyceridemia
Authors: Heidker Rebecca M. , Caiozzi Gianella C. , Ricketts Marie‐Louise 
Published: December 2015

ScopeUnderstanding the molecular basis by which dietary procyanidins modulate triglyceride and cholesterol homeostasis has important implications for the use of natural products in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease.MethodsTo determine whether modulation of bile acid (BA) homeostasis contributes to the hypotriglyceridemic action of grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) we examined the effect on genes regulating BA absorption, transport and synthesis in vitro, in Caco‐2 cells, and in vivo, in wild type (C57BL/6) and farnesoid x receptor knockout (Fxr−/−) mice.ResultsWe provide novel evidence demonstrating that GSPE is a naturally occurring gene‐selective bile acid receptor modulator (BARM). Mechanistically, GSPE down‐regulates genes involved in intestinal BA absorption and transport in an Fxr‐dependent manner, resulting in decreased enterohepatic BA recirculation. This correlates with increased fecal BA output, decreased serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, increased hepatic cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase (Cyp7a1), and decreased intestinal fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15) expression. GSPE also increased hepatic HmgCoA reductase (Hmgcr) and synthase (Hmgcs1) expression, while concomitantly decreasing sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1c (Srebp1c).ConclusionGSPE selectively regulates intestinal Fxr‐target gene expression in vivo, and modulation of BA absorption and transport is a critical regulatory point for the consequential hypotriglyceridemic effects of GSPE.
Late midlife C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6 in middle aged danish men in relation to body size history within and across generations
Authors: Pedersen Jolene Masters , Budtz‐Jørgensen Esben , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Bruunsgaard Helle , Osler Merete , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. , Rod Naja Hulvej , Lund Rikke 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveThe aim was to estimate the effects of ponderal index at birth and body mass index (BMI) in early adulthood on C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and to quantify the effects through subsequent measures of body size. In a subanalysis, the contributions of maternal BMI to the inflammatory status of offspring were investigated.MethodsThe study was based on 2,986 Danish males from the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank. Path analysis was employed to estimate direct and indirect effects.ResultsA 10% higher maternal BMI was associated with 7% higher CRP and 3% higher IL‐6 among offspring. A 10% higher ponderal index at birth was associated with 4% lower CRP in late midlife; this effect was only partially mediated by later growth. A 10% higher BMI in early adulthood was associated with 8% higher CRP and 4% higher IL‐6 in late midlife. The findings suggest that weight gain in adulthood is associated with low‐grade inflammation in late midlife.ConclusionsPonderal index at birth is associated with CRP in later life independently of adult BMI. The findings additionally suggest that preventing weight gain in early adulthood would be beneficial for inflammatory status in later life.
Behaviors and motivations for weight loss in children and adolescents
Authors: Brown Callie Lambert , Skelton Joseph A. , Perrin Eliana M. , Skinner Asheley Cockrell 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the association between weight loss behaviors and motivations for weight loss in children and adolescents and the association of weight status with these behaviors and motivations in a nationally representative sample.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was examined, focusing on children in the United States aged 8‐15 years, in repeated cross‐sections from 2005 to 2011.ResultsHalf of participants (N = 6,117) reported attempting to lose weight, and children with obesity attempted to lose weight more frequently (76%) than children who were a healthy weight (15%). Children reported attempting to lose weight by both healthy and unhealthy means: “exercising” (92%), “eating less sweets or fatty foods” (84%), “skipping meals” (35%), and “starving” (18%). The motivation to be better at sports was more likely to be associated with attempting weight loss through healthy behaviors, whereas children motivated by teasing were more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors. Motivations for losing weight differed by weight status.ConclusionsMany children and adolescents attempt to lose weight, using either or both healthy and unhealthy behaviors, and behaviors differed based on motivations for weight loss. Future research should examine how physicians, parents, and teachers can inspire healthy behavior changes.
The Social and Productive Impacts of Zambia's Child Grant
Authors: Handa Sudhanshu , Seidenfeld David , Davis Benjamin , Tembo Gelson ,   Zambia Cash Transfer Evaluation Team
Published: December 2015

AbstractAccumulated evidence from dozens of cash transfer (CT) programs across the world suggests that there are few interventions that can match the range of impacts and cost‐effectiveness of a small, predictable monetary transfer to poor families in developing countries. However, individual published impact assessments typically focus on only one program and one outcome. This article presents two‐year impacts of the Zambian Government's Child Grant, an unconditional CT to families with children under age 5, across a wide range of domains including consumption, productive activity, and women and children's outcomes, making this one of the first studies to assess both protective and productive impacts of a national unconditional CT program. We show strong impacts on consumption, food security, savings, and productive activity. However, impacts in areas such as child nutritional status and schooling depend on initial conditions of the household, suggesting that cash alone is not enough to solve all constraints faced by these poor, rural households. Nevertheless, the apparent transformative effects of this program suggest that unconditional transfers in very poor settings can contribute to both protection and development outcomes.
Streptomyces sanglieri which colonised and enhanced the growth of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. seedlings was antagonistic to Ganoderma boninense in in vitro studies
Authors: Nur Azura A B , Yusoff M , Tan G Y A , Jegadeesh R , Appleton D R , Vikineswary S 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Actinomycete strain AUM 00500 was 99.5 % similar to Streptomyces sanglieri NBRC 100784T and was evaluated for antagonistic activity towards Ganoderma boninense, the causative fungus of basal stem rot of oil palm. The strain showed strong antifungal activity towards G. boninense in in vitro and SEM analysis showed various modes of inhibition of the fungus. Ethyl acetate extracts of single culture and inhibition zone of cross-plug culture by HPLC indicated that strain AUM 00500 produced two different antibiotics of the glutarimide group namely cycloheximide and actiphenol. In greenhouse trials, oil palm seed treated with spores of S. sanglieri strain AUM 00500 at 109 cfu/ml showed significant (P &lt; 0.05) increase in oil palm seedlings growth when compared to the control. Streptomyces sanglieri strain AUM 00500 successfully colonised the epidermal surface of the roots of treated oil palm seedlings and it was recovered from root fragments plated on starch casein agar.
Super Mario brothers and sisters: Associations between coplaying video games and sibling conflict and affection
Authors: Coyne Sarah M. , Jensen Alexander C. , Smith Nathan J. , Erickson Daniel H. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTVideo games can be played in many different contexts. This study examined associations between coplaying video games between siblings and levels of affection and conflict in the relationship. Participants were 508 adolescents (M age = 16.31 years of age, SD = 1.08) who completed questionnaires on video game use and sibling relationships. Participants were recruited from a large Northwestern city and a moderate city in the Mountain West of the United States. Video games played between siblings were coded by an independent sample to assess levels of physical aggression and prosocial behavior in each game. Playing video games with a sibling was associated with higher levels of sibling affection for both boys and girls, but higher levels of conflict for boys only. Playing a violent video game with a brother was associated with lower levels of conflict in the sibling relationship, whereas playing a prosocial video game was not related to any sibling outcome. The value of video games in sibling relationships will be discussed, with a focus on the type of game and the sex of the adolescent.
Patient Abuse in the Health Care Setting: The Nurse as Patient Advocate
Authors: Albina Julie K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIncidents of verbal and physical patient abuse in health care settings continue to occur, with some making headline news. Nurses have a professional and ethical responsibility to advocate for their patients when incidents of abuse occur. Tolerating or ignoring inappropriate behaviors occurs for multiple reasons, including ignorance, fear of retaliation, the need for peer acceptance, and concerns for personal advancement. Nurses need to reflect on their biases before they can truly respect patients’ autonomy. Through the examination of reported cases of patient abuse, the need for a change in hospital culture becomes evident. The primary steps in eliminating patient abuse are opening communication, providing education, establishing competency, eliminating tolerance of unacceptable behavior, and creating a code of mutual respect. A change in culture to one of mutual respect and dignity for staff members and patients will lead to the best outcomes for all involved.
Reducing OR Traffic Using Education, Policy Development, and Communication Technology
Authors: Esser Jennifer , Shrinski Keonemana , Cady Rhonda , Belew John 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA bundled approach to surgical site infection (SSI) prevention strategies includes reducing OR traffic. A nurse‐led quality improvement (QI) team sought to reduce OR traffic through education and a process change that included wireless communication technology and policy development. The team measured OR traffic by counting the frequency of door openings per hour in seven surgical suites during 305 surgical procedures conducted during similar 22‐week periods before and after the QI project intervention. Door openings decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from an average of 37.8 per hour to 32.8 per hour after the QI project intervention. This suggests that our multifaceted approach reduces OR traffic. The next steps of this project include analyzing automatically captured video to understand OR traffic patterns and expanding education to departments and external personnel frequently present in our surgical suites. Future research evaluating the effectiveness of this OR traffic initiative on SSI incidence is recommended.
Back to Basics: Surgical Skin Antisepsis
Authors: Spruce Lisa 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe fundamental basis for preventing surgical site infections is the antiseptic preparation of the skin at the surgical site. All perioperative nurses must learn this skill. The goal of surgical skin antisepsis, frequently referred to as prepping the skin, is to remove soil and transient (ie, temporary) microorganisms living on the skin that could pose a risk for surgical site infections. This Back to Basics article examines the origin of surgical skin antisepsis and the steps perioperative nurses should take to provide the patient with an aseptic surgical site before any surgical or other invasive procedure.
Student Nurses in the OR: Improving Recruitment and Retention
Authors: Helzer Doroh Holly M. , Monahan Janean Carter 
Published: December 2015

AbstractChanges in nursing education have made it difficult for students to find or participate in perioperative clinical experiences, which makes it difficult for employers to find experienced perioperative nurses. We developed a perioperative preceptorship for senior‐level nursing students, to provide them with the opportunity to learn RN circulator skills based on AORN's Guidelines for Perioperative Practice. Senior nursing students had the opportunity to demonstrate critical thinking skills within the context of patient‐centered care while integrating knowledge and skills learned in the classroom. The students applied the knowledge and skills learned in the classroom in the OR setting during a required minimum 210‐hour clinical commitment. We believe the course has been successful in providing the foundation needed to become a competent perioperative nurse, because, to date, all students who were hired are still employed in the OR.
Preparing the Next Generation of Perioperative Nurses
Authors: Chappy Sharon , Madigan Patricia D. , Doyle Deborah S. , Conradt Laurie A. , Tapio Nathan C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPerioperative nursing faces a workforce crisis. There are too few perioperative nurses entering the workforce to replace those who will reach retirement age. Further, the costs of orienting perioperative nurses is high, and turnover rates in the first year after graduation are significant. To address these issues, nursing leaders at Theda Clark Medical Center, Neenah, Wisconsin, and the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh College of Nursing partnered with local medical centers to form a precepted clinical immersion program intended to orient senior baccalaureate nursing students to the perioperative setting. The students were hired after graduation, and the cost savings for orienting each new employee was estimated at $16,000 to $25,000 per student. Other benefits include identifying students who are and are not a good fit for perioperative nursing. The collaboration of health care and academic leaders is one solution for addressing the perioperative nursing workforce crisis.
The evaluation of uterine artery embolization as a nonsurgical treatment option for adenomyosis
Authors: Wang Shaoguang , Meng Xiaomei , Dong Yaozhong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for the treatment of adenomyosis.MethodsA prospective study was performed at Yuhuangding Hospital, China, between January 2012 and December 2013, enrolling premenopausal patients diagnosed with adenomyosis. All patients were treated with bilateral UAE using 500–700‐μm tris‐acryl gelatin microspheres. At baseline, and 3, 6, and 12 months after UAE, magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess uterine volume and patient‐assessed improvements in dysmenorrhea were recorded. Any complications and adverse events were reported.ResultsIn total, 117 patients with adenomyosis were enrolled. The bilateral UAE procedure was successful in 115 (98.3%) patients, who were able to return to normal activity within 1 week of treatment. At 12‐month follow‐up, a median 51.0% reduction in uterine volume from baseline was recorded (P = 0.005). Marked and moderate improvements in dysmenorrhea symptoms were reported by 64 (55.7%) and 31 (27.0%) participants, respectively. Pelvic pain of varying intensity was reported by 112 (97.4%) patients but was managed with analgesia. Persistent amenorrhea was experienced by 2 (1.7%) individuals following treatment. Patients did not encounter any new gynecologic or general complications following UAE treatment.ConclusionUAE could be considered as a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with adenomyosis. Further research to compare the efficacy and safety of UAE with conventional hysterectomy is warranted.
Chappell, Jones, and McBean Receive 2015 Ambassador Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: December 2015

Charles R. Chappell, Lucile Jones, and Gordon McBean were awarded the 2015 Ambassador Award at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 16 December 2015 in San Francisco, Calif. The award is in recognition for "outstanding contributions to the following area(s): societal impact, service to the Earth and space community, scientific leadership, and promotion of talent/career pool."
C2238/αANP modulates apolipoprotein E through Egr-1/miR199a in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro
Authors: Stanzione R , Sciarretta S , Marchitti S , Bianchi F , Di Castro S , Scarpino S , Cotugno M , Frati G , Volpe M , Rubattu S 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSubjects carrying the T2238C ANP gene variant have a higher risk to suffer a stroke or myocardial infarction. The mechanisms through which T2238C/αANP exerts detrimental vascular effects need to be fully clarified. In the present work we aimed at exploring the impact of C2238/αANP (mutant form) on atherosclerosis-related pathways. As a first step, an atherosclerosis gene expression macroarray analysis was performed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exposed to either T2238/αANP (wild type) or C2238/αANP. The major finding was that apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene expression was significantly downregulated by C2238/αANP and it was upregulated by T2238/αANP. We subsequently found that C2238/αANP induces ApoE downregulation through type C natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-C)-dependent mechanisms involving the upregulation of miR199a-3p and miR199a-5p and the downregulation of DNAJA4. In fact, NPR-C knockdown rescued ApoE level. Upregulation of miR199a by NPR-C was mediated by a reactive oxygen species-dependent increase of the early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1) transcription factor. In fact, Egr-1 knockdown abolished the impact of C2238/αANP on ApoE and miR199a. Of note, downregulation of ApoE by C2238/αANP was associated with a significant increase in inflammation, apoptosis and necrosis that was completely rescued by the exogenous administration of recombinant ApoE. In conclusion, our study dissected a novel mechanism of vascular damage exerted by C2238/αANP that is mediated by ApoE downregulation. We provide the first demonstration that C2238/αANP downregulates ApoE in VSMCs through NPR-C-dependent activation of Egr-1 and the consequent upregulation of miR199a. Restoring ApoE levels could represent a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract the harmful effects of C2238/αANP.
Myocyte-derived Tnfsf14 is a survival factor necessary for myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Waldemer-Streyer R J , Chen J 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAdult skeletal muscle tissue has a uniquely robust capacity for regeneration, which gradually declines with aging or is compromised in muscle diseases. The cellular mechanisms regulating adult myogenesis remain incompletely understood. Here we identify the cytokine tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (Tnfsf14) as a positive regulator of myoblast differentiation in culture and muscle regeneration in vivo. We find that Tnfsf14, as well as its cognate receptors herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) and lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR), are expressed in both differentiating myocytes and regenerating myofibers. Depletion of Tnfsf14 or either receptor inhibits myoblast differentiation and promotes apoptosis. Our results also suggest that Tnfsf14 regulates myogenesis by supporting cell survival and maintaining a sufficient pool of cells for fusion. In addition, we show that Akt mediates the survival and myogenic function of Tnfsf14. Importantly, local knockdown of Tnfsf14 is found to impair injury-induced muscle regeneration in a mouse model, affirming an important physiological role for Tnfsf14 in myogenesis in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that localized overexpression of Tnfsf14 potently enhances muscle regeneration, and that this regenerative capacity of Tnfsf14 is dependent on Akt signaling. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel regulator of skeletal myogenesis and implicate Tnfsf14 in future therapeutic development.
Obesity and cancer, a case for insulin signaling
Authors: Poloz Y , Stambolic V 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObesity is a worldwide epidemic, with the number of overweight and obese individuals climbing from just over 500 million in 2008 to 1.9 billion in 2014. Type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease have long been associated with the obese state, whereas cancer is quickly emerging as another pathological consequence of this disease. Globally, at least 2.8 million people die each year from being overweight or obese. It is estimated that by 2020 being overweight or obese will surpass the health burden of tobacco consumption. Increase in the body mass index (BMI) in overweight (BMI>25 kg/m2) and obese (BMI>30 kg/m2) individuals is a result of adipose tissue (AT) expansion, which can lead to fat comprising >50% of the body weight in the morbidly obese. Extensive research over the last several years has painted a very complex picture of AT biology. One clear link between AT expansion and etiology of diseases like T2D and cancer is the development of insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia. This review focuses on defining the link between obesity, IR and cancer.
Calcium-dependent oligomerization of CAR proteins at cell membrane modulates ABA signaling
Authors: Diaz Maira , Sanchez-Barrena Maria Jose , Gonzalez-Rubio Juana Maria , Rodriguez Lesia , Fernandez Daniel , Antoni Regina , Yunta Cristina , Belda-Palazon Borja , Gonzalez-Guzman Miguel , Peirats-Llobet Marta , Menendez Margarita , Boskovic Jasminka , Marquez Jose A. , Rodriguez Pedro L. , Albert Armando 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Drought and salinity are the major threats to crop productivity at a worldwide scale. A fundamental portion of the plant response to these environmental stresses occurs at the cell membrane, where the molecular machinery to preserve cell turgor and the appropriate balance of intracellular ions is found. The C2-domain ABA-related (CAR) family of proteins contributes to these processes by delivering the regulatory proteins controlling this machinery from other cell compartments to the cell membrane. Our analysis provides an explanation on how CAR proteins specifically reach a particular membrane place to develop their function and trigger the plant defense mechanism against stress.
Understanding TRPV1 activation by ligands: Insights from the binding modes of capsaicin and resiniferatoxin
Authors: Elokely Khaled , Velisetty Phanindra , Delemotte Lucie , Palovcak Eugene , Klein Michael L. , Rohacs Tibor , Carnevale Vincenzo 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Using computational methodologies, we refined the binding modes of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) modulators, capsaicin and resiniferatoxin, provided by the recent experimental cryo-electron microscopy electron density. The resulting insights enable us to predict the binding pose of 96 additional TRPV1 agonists, which we compare with reported mutagenesis studies. Specifically, we characterize the response of five previously unidentified mutants to capsaicin and resiniferatoxin. Analysis of the amino acids engaged in favorable ligand–channel interactions defines the key structural determinants of the TRPV1 vanilloid binding site.