bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Construction of Spiropyrazolone Skeletons via Amine‐Catalyzed [3+3] Annulation
Authors: Leng Hai‐Jun , Li Qing‐Zhu , Zeng Rong , Dai Qing‐Song , Zhu Hong‐Ping , Liu Yue , Huang Wei , Han Bo , Li Jun‐Long 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHere we report a secondary amine‐catalyzed, highly enantioselective [3+3] cyclization reaction of α‐alkylidene pyrazolinones and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, which facilely delivers a variety of enantioenriched spiropyrazolones showing structural and stereochemical complexity. The reaction uses an iminium ion activation strategy to activate both the β‐ and ipso‐positions of the enals as dielectrophilic sites. A broad range of substrates are compatible with this mild reaction system.magnified image
Overproduction of MCL‐PHA with high 3‐hydroxydecanoate Content
Authors: Gao Jie , Vo Minh T. , Ramsay Juliana A. , Ramsay Bruce A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMethods of producing medium‐chain‐length poly‐3‐hydroxyalkanoate (mcl‐PHA) with high content of the dominant subunit, 3‐hydroxydecanoate (HD), were examined with an emphasis on a high yield of polymer from decanoic acid. High HD content was achieved by using a β‐oxidation knockout mutant of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (designated as P. putida DBA‐F1) or by inhibiting β‐oxidation with addition of acrylic acid (Aa) to wild type P. putida KT2440 in carbon‐limited, fed‐batch fermentations. At a substrate feed ratio of decanoic acid and acetic acid to glucose (DAA:G) of 6:4 g/g, P. putida DBA‐F1 accumulated significantly higher HD (97 mol%), but much lower biomass (8.5 g/L) and PHA (42% of dry biomass) than the wild type. Both biomass and PHA concentrations were improved by decreasing the ratio of DAA:G to 4:6. Moreover, when the substrate feed ratio was further decreased to 2:8, 18 g/L biomass containing 59% mcl‐PHA consisting of 100 mol% HD was achieved. The yield of PHA from decanoic acid was 1.24 (g/g) indicating that de novo synthesis had contributed to production. Yeast extract and tryptone (YET) addition allowed the mutant strain to accumulate 74% mcl‐PHA by weight with 97 mol% HD at a production rate of 0.41 g/L/hr, at least twice that of published data for any β‐oxidation knock‐out mutant. Higher biomass concentration was achieved with Aa inhibition of β‐oxidation in the wild type but the HD content (84 mol%) was less than that of the mutant. A carbon balance showed a marked increase in supernantant organic carbon for the mutant indicating overflow metabolism. Increasing the dominant monomer content (HD) greatly increased melting point, crystallinity, and rate of crystallization.
Metabolic reduction of resazurin; location within the cell for cytotoxicity assays
Authors: Chen Jian Lin , Steele Terry W. J. , Stuckey David C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractResazurin is widely used as a metabolic indicator for living cells, however, there has been considerable debate in the literature with regards to the specific location in the cell where the non‐fluorescent resazurin is reduced to the strongly fluorescent resorufin. This lack of clarity about the reduction site makes the use of resazurin reduction data in cytotoxicity studies difficult to interpret. In this study, E. faecalis, a Gram‐positive and facultative anaerobic bacterial strain, and the most toxic chlorophenol, pentachlorophenol (PCP), were chosen as models for an anaerobe and toxicant, respectively. By studying the kinetics of resazurin reduction by E. faecalis after different treatments (cell disruption, bacterial filtration, and pre‐exposure to toxicant), we confirmed that resazurin reduction to resorufin by live Gram‐positive and facultative anaerobic bacterial cells can only happen intracellularly under anaerobic conditions, while resorufin reduction to dihydroresorufin can happen both intracellularly and extracellularly. Based on the understanding of these fundamental mechanisms, we suggest that resazurin reduction can be used as a quick bioassay for measuring cytotoxicity.
Types of cell death and apoptotic stages in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells distinguished by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Rangan Shreyas , Kamal Sepehr , Konorov Stanislav O. , Schulze Hans Georg , Blades Michael W. , Turner Robin F. B. , Piret James M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCell death is the ultimate cause of productivity loss in bioreactors that are used to produce therapeutic proteins. We investigated the ability of Raman spectroscopy to detect the onset and types of cell death for Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells—the most widely used cell type for therapeutic protein production. Raman spectroscopy was used to compare apoptotic, necrotic, autophagic, and control CHO cells. Several specific nucleic acid‐, protein‐, and lipid‐associated marker bands within the 650–850 cm−1 spectral region were identified that distinguished among cells undergoing different modes of cell death; supporting evidence was provided by principal component analysis (PCA) of the full spectral data. In addition to comparing the different modes of cell death, normal cells were compared to cells sorted at several stages of apoptosis, in order to explore the potential for early detection of apoptosis. Different stages of apoptosis could be distinguished via Raman spectroscopy, with multiple changes observed in nucleic acid peaks at early stages whereas an increase in lipid signals was a feature of late apoptosis/secondary necrosis.
Radical Behavior of CO2 versus its Deoxygenation Promoted by Vanadium Aryloxide Complexes: How the Geometry of Intermediate CO2‐Adducts Determines the Reactivity.
Authors: Viasus Camilo J. , Alderman Nicholas P. , Licciulli Sebastiano , Korobkov Ilia , Gambarotta Sandro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe reactivity of carbon dioxide with vanadium(III) aryloxo complexes has been investigated. The formation of either carbon monoxide or incorporation into the ligand system with the ultimate formation of organic ester was observed depending on the overall electron donor ability of the ligand field. DFT calculations were carried out to investigate the proposed mechanism for carbon dioxide coordination and reduction.
Vertically Aligned Co9S8 Nanotube Arrays onto Graphene Papers as High‐Performance Flexible Electrodes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Xiong Dongbin , Li Xifei , Bai Zhimin , Li Jianwei , Han Yan , Li Dejun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPaper‐like electrodes are emerging as a new category of advanced electrodes for flexible supercapacitors (SCs). Graphene, a promising two‐dimensional material with high conductivity, can be easily processed into papers. Here, we report a rational design of flexible architecture with Co9S8 nanotube arrays (NAs) grown onto graphene paper (GP) via a facile two‐step hydrothermal method. When employed as flexible free‐standing electrode for SCs, the proposed architectured Co9S8/GPs exhibits superior electrochemical performance with ultrahigh capacitance and outstanding rate capability (469 F g−1 at 10 A g−1). These results demonstrate that the new nanostructured Co9S8/GPs can be potentially applied in high performance flexible supercapacitors.
Activating Inert Alkali‐Metal Ions by Electron Transfer from Manganese Oxide for Formaldehyde Abatement
Authors: Gao Jiayi , Huang Zhiwei , Chen Yaxin , Wan Jing , Gu Xiao , Ma Zhen , Chen Jianmin , Tang Xingfu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlkali‐metal ions often act as promoters rather than active components due to their stable outermost electronic configurations and their inert properties in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, inert alkali‐metal ions, such as K+ and Rb+, are activated by electron transfer from a Hollandite‐type manganese oxide (HMO) support for HCHO oxidation. Results from synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, absorption, and photoelectron spectroscopies demonstrate that the electronic density of states of single alkali‐metal adatoms is much higher than that of K+ or Rb+, because electrons transfer from manganese to the alkali‐metal adatoms through bridging lattice oxygen atoms. Electron transfer originates from the interactions of alkali metal d–sp frontier orbitals with lattice oxygen sp3 orbitals occupied by lone‐pair electrons. Reaction kinetics data of HCHO oxidation reveal that the high electronic density of states of single alkali‐metal adatoms is favorable for the activation of molecular oxygen. Mn L3‐edge and O K‐edge soft‐X‐ray absorption spectra demonstrate that lattice oxygen partially gains electrons from the Mn eg orbitals, which leads to the upshift in energy of lattice oxygen orbitals. Therefore, the facile activation of molecular oxygen by the electron‐abundant alkali‐metal adatoms and active lattice oxygen are responsible for the high catalytic activity in complete oxidation of HCHO. This work could assist the design of efficient and cheap catalysts by tuning the electronic states of active components.
Supporting history of art with colorimetry: The paintings of Amadeo de Souza‐Cardoso
Authors: Montagner Cristina , Linhares João M.M. , Vilarigues Márcia , Melo Maria João , Nascimento Sérgio M.C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractColour is a key element in paintings but its quantitative analysis is seldom used as an interpretative element in the context of the history of art. Here, we show how this can be accomplished by measuring and analyzing the colours of the paintings of the influential Portuguese painter Amadeo de Souza‐Cardoso (1887‐1918). His last paintings have been classified by art historians as the most successful and are considered a chromatically homogeneous nucleus in his career. However, there are no quantitative data supporting these considerations. To access this we compared 24 of his paintings (1911‐17) using hyperspectral imaging data. From estimates of the number of colours that can be perceived in each painting we show that in the later works Amadeo has expanded the range of colours by including more hues and more levels of lightness. Moreover, the paintings dated from 1917 have similar chromatic distributions in colour space. This colorimetric analysis revealed to be an important tool that provides quantitative support to the hypothesis formulated by art historians.
The role of diabetes mellitus and BMI in the surgical treatment of ankle fractures
Authors: Lanzetti Riccardo Maria , Lupariello Domenico , Venditto Teresa , Guzzini Matteo , Ponzo Antonio , De Carli Angelo , Ferretti Andrea 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundOpen reduction and internal fixation is the standard treatment for displaced ankle fractures. However, the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and body mass index (BMI) are associated with poor bone quality, and these factors may predict the development of postoperative complications.The study aim was to assess the role of diabetes mellitus and BMI in wound healing in patients younger than 65 years who were surgically treated for malleoli fractures.MethodsNinety patients, aged from 18 to 65 years old, with surgically treated ankle fracture, were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were classified in two groups: patient with diabetes and patients without diabetes (insulin‐dependent and noninsulin dependent). All patients were assessed for wound complications, Visual Analogue Scale and Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI) were assessed for all patients. Logistic regression was used to identify the risk of wound complications after surgery using the following factors as explanatory variables: age, gender, duration of surgery, BMI, hypercholesterolemia, smoking history, diabetes mellitus, and high blood pressure.ResultsIn total, 38.9% of patients showed wound complications. Of them, 17.1% were nondiabetics and 82.9% were diabetics. We observed a significant association between DM and wound complications after surgery (P = .005).Logistic regression analysis revealed that DM (P < .001) and BMI (P = .03) were associated with wound complications. The odds of having a postoperative wound complication were increased 0.16 times in the presence of diabetes and 1.14 times for increasing BMI.ConclusionThis study showed that diabetes mellitus and higher BMI delay the wound healing and increase the complication rate in young adult patients with surgically treated bimalleolar fractures.
Sonic hedgehog antagonists reduce size and alter patterning of the frog inner ear
Authors: Zarei Sanam , Zarei Kasra , Fritzsch Bernd , Elliott Karen L. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTSonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays a major role in vertebrate development, from regulation of proliferation to the patterning of various organs. In amniotes, Shh affects dorsoventral patterning in the inner ear but affects anteroposterior patterning in teleost ears. It remains unknown how altered function of Shh relates to morphogenetic changes that coincide with the evolution of limbs and novel auditory organs in the ear. In this study, we used the tetrapod, Xenopus laevis, to test how increasing concentrations of the Shh signal pathway antagonist, Vismodegib, affects ear development. Vismodegib treatment dose dependently alters the development of the ear, hypaxial muscle, and indirectly the Mauthner cell through its interaction with the inner ear afferents. Together, these phenotypes have an effect on escape response. The altered Mauthner cell likely contributes to the increased time to respond to a stimulus. In addition, the increased hypaxial muscle in the trunk likely contributes to the subtle change in animal C‐start flexion angle. In the ear, Vismodegib treatment results in decreasing segregation between the gravistatic sensory epithelia as the concentration of Vismodegib increases. Furthermore, at higher doses, there is a loss of the horizontal canal but no enantiomorphic transformation, as in bony fish lacking Shh. Like in amniotes, Shh signaling in frogs affects dorsoventral patterning in the ear, suggesting that auditory sensory evolution in sarcopterygians/tetrapods evolved with a shift of Shh function in axis specification. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1385–1400, 2017
Does cardiac resynchronization therapy restore peripheral circulatory homeostasis?
Authors: Ajaero Chukwudiebube N. , Chong Cher‐Rin , Procter Nathan E.K. , Liu Saifei , Chirkov Yuliy Y. , Heresztyn Tamila , Chan Wai Ping Alicia , Arstall Margaret A. , McGavigan Andrew D. , Frenneaux Michael P. , Horowitz John D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimsTo evaluate whether peripheral circulatory ‘remodelling’ as measured by changes in vascular compliance and in markers of nitric oxide signalling contributes to patient response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Methods and resultsEffects of CRT were evaluated in 33 patients pre‐procedure and 6 months post‐procedure. Peak oxygen consumption, 6 min walk distance, New York Heart Association class, and quality of life score were evaluated. Augmentation index and its interactions with nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated by applanation tonometry. Platelet NO responsiveness and content of thioredoxin‐interacting protein were assessed. Plasma concentrations of N‐terminal proBNP, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), high sensitivity C‐reactive protein, catecholamines, and matrix metalloproteinases‐2 and ‐9 were assessed. Despite significant improvement in 6 min walk distance (P = 0.005), New York Heart Association class (P < 0.001), quality of life (P = 0.001), and all echocardiographic parameters post‐CRT, there were no significant changes in augmentation index measurements, thioredoxin‐interacting protein content, and platelet NO response. Significant falls in N‐terminal proBNP (P = 0.008) and SDMA (P = 0.013; independent of renal function) occurred. Falls in SDMA predicted reduction in high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (P = 0.04) and increases in peak oxygen consumption (P = 0.04). There were no correlations between changes in echocardiographic parameters and those in vascular function.ConclusionsThese data suggest that the beneficial effects of CRT over 6 months are independent of any change in peripheral NO‐related signalling. However, there is evidence that suppression of inflammation occurs, and its magnitude predicts extent of clinical improvement.
Development of short‐range white matter in healthy children and adolescents
Authors: Oyefiade Adeoye A. , Ameis Stephanie , Lerch Jason P. , Rockel Conrad , Szulc Kamila U. , Scantlebury Nadia , Decker Alexandra , Jefferson Jaleel , Spichak Simon , Mabbott Donald J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNeural communication is facilitated by intricate networks of white matter (WM) comprised of both long and short range connections. The maturation of long range WM connections has been extensively characterized, with projection, commissural, and association tracts showing unique trajectories with age. There, however, remains a limited understanding of age‐related changes occurring within short range WM connections, orU‐fibers. These connections are important for local connectivity within lobes and facilitate regional cortical function and greater network economy. Recent studies have explored the maturation of U‐fibers primarily using cross‐sectional study designs. Here, we analyzed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data for healthy children and adolescents in both a cross‐sectional (n = 78; mean age = 13.04 ± 3.27 years) and a primarily longitudinal (n = 26; mean age = 10.78 ± 2.69 years) cohort. We found significant age‐related differences in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) across the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes of participants within the cross‐sectional cohort. By contrast, we report significant age‐related differences in only FA for participants within the longitudinal cohort. Specifically, larger FA values were observed with age in frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes of the left hemisphere. Our results extend previous findings restricted to long range WM to demonstrate regional changes in the microstructure of short range WM during childhood and adolescence. These changes possibly reflect continued myelination and axonal organization of short range WM with increasing age in more anterior regions of the left hemisphere.Hum Brain Mapp 39:204–217, 2018. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new cyclic telluride. Synthesis and reactions of 1,3,5,6,7,8‐hexahydronaphtho[2,3‐c]tellurophene
Authors: Al‐Rubaie Ali Z. , Yosif Majeed Y. , Asker Kahtan A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractReaction of 6,7‐bis(chloromethyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene with tellurium powder and potassium iodide in 2‐butoxyethanol gave 2,2‐diiodo‐1,3,5,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐naphtho[2,3‐c]tellurophene(1) as a red‐orange solid in 40% yield. Reduction of 1 with hydrazine hydrate gave a pale yellow solid of 1,3,5,6,7,8‐hexahydronaphtho[2,3‐c]telluro‐phene(2) in 80% yield. Chlorination, bromination of 2 and its reaction with benzyl bromide and N‐bromosuccinimide were reported. 2,2‐Bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato)‐, 2,2‐bis (diethyldithiocarbamato)‐ and 2,2‐bis(piperidine‐1‐carbodithioate)‐1,3,5,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐naphtho[2,3‐c]tellurophene were prepared by the reaction of the corresponding sodium dithiocarbamate salt with 1. Mononuclear platinum complex (ie, [(C12H14Te)2PtCl2]) was obtained by the reaction of 2 with K2PtCl4. Reaction of 6,7‐bis(chloromethyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene with KTeCN in DMSO solution gave 2,2‐dihydroxo‐1,3,5,6,7,8‐hexahydronaphtho[2,3‐c]tellurophene (11) as a white solid in 55% yield. All these new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, and 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopic data.
Thiazoles in glycosylation reactions: Novel synthesis of thiazole thioglycosides
Authors: Abu‐Zaied Mamdouh A. , Elgemeie Galal H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis research reports a novel method for synthesizing new thiazole thioglycosides. This series of thiazole thioglycosides were designed by the reaction of potassium cyanocarbonimidodithioate 2 with benzoyl acetonitrile 3a and ethyl bromoacetate 3b in the presence of ethanol‐KOH to give the corresponding potassium 4‐amino‐5‐substituted‐thiazole‐2‐thiolates 4a,b. The latter compounds were treated with peracetylated sugar bromides 6a,b in DMF to give high yields of the corresponding thiazole thioglycosides 7a‐d. Treatment of thiazole salts 4a,b with hydrochloric acid gave the corresponding 3‐mercaptothiazole derivatives 5a,b. The latter compounds were reacted with peracetylated sugars 6 in sodium hydride in DMF to produce the S‐glycosyl compounds 7a‐d. Ammonolysis of the protected thiazole thioglycosides 6a‐h gave the corresponding free thiazole thioglycosides 8a‐d. The compounds have been characterized by 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and IR.
Step-by-step calculation and spreadsheet tools for predicting stressor levels that extirpate genera and species
Authors: Cormier Susan M , Zheng Lei , Leppo Erik W , Hamilton Andrew 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

In 2011, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) released a field-based method for estimating the extirpation of freshwater aquatic benthic invertebrates by ionic mixtures dominated by HCO3−, SO42−, and Ca2+ measured as specific conductivity (SC). The estimate of extirpation was SC at the 95th centile (XC95) of a weighted cumulative frequency distribution (CFD) of a genus or species over a range of SC. A CFD of XC95 values was used to predict the SC at which 5% of genera were likely to be extirpated. Because there are many uses for XC95 values and many data sets that could be analyzed using this method, we laid out a step-by-step method for calculating XC95 values and the stressor level that predicts a 5% extirpation of genera (HC05). Although the calculations can be done with a handheld calculator, we developed 2 downloadable Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet calculation tools that are easy to use to calculate XC95 values, to plot a taxon's XC95 cumulative frequency distribution with increasing SC, and to plot probabilities of observing a taxon at a particular SC. They also plot cumulative frequency distributions of XC95 values and calculate HC05 values. In addition to the tools, we share an example and the output of XC95 values for 176 distinct aquatic benthic invertebrates in Appalachia, in West Virginia, USA. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:174–180. © 2017 SETAC

Key Points
Two downloadable Excel® Biological Extirpation Analysis Tools are described. The tools estimate extirpation concentrations (XC95) and 5% extirpation of assemblage (HC05). We provide access to example calculations, output XC95 values, biogeographical maps, and data sets. We discuss some limitations to help avoid misinterpretations and inferential errors.
microRNA expression in the neural retina: Focus on Müller glia
Authors: Quintero Heberto , Lamas Mónica 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe neural retina hosts a unique specialized type of macroglial cell that not only preserves retinal homeostasis, function, and integrity but also may serve as a source of new neurons during regenerative processes: the Müller cell. Precise microRNA‐driven mechanisms of gene regulation impel and direct the processes of Müller glia lineage acquisition from retinal progenitors during development, the triggering of their response to retinal degeneration and, in some cases, Müller cell reprogramming and regenerative events. In this review we survey the recent reports describing, through functional assays, the regulatory role of microRNAs in Müller cell physiology, differentiation potential, and retinal pathology. We discuss also the evidence based on expression analysis that points out the relevance of a Müller glia–specific microRNA signature that would orchestrate these processes.