bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: Segments and results of surgical and endovascular managements
Authors: Lv Xianli , Ge Huijian , He Hongwei , Jiang Chuhan , Li Youxiang 
Published: August 2016

Background Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) aneurysms are rare and published clinical experience with these aneurysms is limited. Objective The objective of this article is to report angiographic characteristics and results associated with premeatal, meatal and postmeatal segments, surgical and endovascular therapies. Methods A literature review was performed through PubMed using “anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm” through January 2016. Clinical data, angiograms, management techniques, and patient outcomes were reviewed for 47 collected cases in 30 previous reports. Results Of these aneurysms, 21 (44.7%) were associated with meatal segment, 10 (21.3%) were postmeatal and 16 (34.0%) were premeatal. Patients with meatal aneurysms are more likely to present with subarachnoid hemorrhage and hearing loss and facial palsy (77.8%). Patient outcomes of meatal aneurysms presented with more neuropathies (51.7%) and cerebellar symptoms (14.3%) ( p = 0.049). Four cases of meatal aneurysm with preoperative cranial nerve deficits (two VII and two VIII) showed improvement after surgery. Endovascular treatment achieved outcomes similar to surgical treatment ( p = 0.327). Conclusions AICA aneurysms have a predilection for meatal segment. Patients with meatal aneurysms are more likely to present with subarachnoid hemorrhage and hearing loss and facial palsy. Patient outcomes of meatal aneurysms presented with more neuropathies and cerebellar symptoms. Endovascular treatment achieved outcomes similar to surgical treatment.
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and retinal vessel calibers in children with thalassemia minor
Authors: Acer Semra , Balcı Yasemin I , Pekel Gökhan , Ongun Tuğba T , Polat Aziz , Çetin Ebru N , Yağcı Ramazan 
Published: August 2016

Objectives: Evaluation of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and retinal vessel caliber measurements in children with thalassemia minor. Methods: In this cross-sectional and comparative study, 30 thalassemia minor patients and 36 controls were included. Heidelberg spectral domain optical coherence tomography was used for peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and retinal vessel caliber measurements. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness between the two groups ( p > 0.05). There was no correlation between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and hemoglobin values. Both the arterioral and venular calibers were higher in thalassemia minor group ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is increased retinal arterioral and venular calibers in children with thalassemia minor compared with controls.
Combining deep features for object detection at various scales: finding small birds in landscape images
Authors: Takeki Akito , Trinh Tu Tuan , Yoshihashi Ryota , Kawakami Rei , Iida Makoto , Naemura Takeshi 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Demand for automatic bird ecology investigation rises rapidly along with the widespread installation of wind energy plants to estimate their adverse environmental effect. While significant advance in general image recognition has been made by deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), automatically recognizing birds at small scale together with large background regions is still an open problem in computer vision. To tackle object detection at various scales, we combine a deep detector with semantic segmentation methods; namely, we train a deep CNN detector, fully convolutional networks (FCNs), and the variant of FCNs, and integrate their results by the support vector machines to achieve high detection performance. Through experimental results on a bird image dataset, we show the effectiveness of the method for scale-aware object detection.
Preferential intracellular pH regulation: hypotheses and perspectives
Authors: Shartau Ryan B. , Baker Daniel W. , Crossley Dane A. , Brauner Colin J. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe regulation of vertebrate acid–base balance during acute episodes of elevated internal PCO2 is typically characterized by extracellular pH (pHe) regulation. Changes in pHe are associated with qualitatively similar changes in intracellular tissue pH (pHi) as the two are typically coupled, referred to as ‘coupled pH regulation’. However, not all vertebrates rely on coupled pH regulation; instead, some preferentially regulate pHi against severe and maintained reductions in pHe. Preferential pHi regulation has been identified in several adult fish species and an aquatic amphibian, but never in adult amniotes. Recently, common snapping turtles were observed to preferentially regulate pHi during development; the pattern of acid–base regulation in these species shifts from preferential pHi regulation in embryos to coupled pH regulation in adults. In this Commentary, we discuss the hypothesis that preferential pHi regulation may be a general strategy employed by vertebrate embryos in order to maintain acid–base homeostasis during severe acute acid–base disturbances. In adult vertebrates, the retention or loss of preferential pHi regulation may depend on selection pressures associated with the environment inhabited and/or the severity of acid–base regulatory challenges to which they are exposed. We also consider the idea that the retention of preferential pHi regulation into adulthood may have been a key event in vertebrate evolution, with implications for the invasion of freshwater habitats, the evolution of air breathing and the transition of vertebrates from water to land.
Parametric inference for stochastic differential equations with random effects in the drift coefficient
Authors: Sari Alsukaini Mohammed , Xiang-Jun Wang 
Published: July 2016

In this paper we focus on estimating the parameters in the stochastic differential equations (SDEâ€™s) with drift coefficients depending linearly on a random variables Â and Â .The distributions of the random effects Â and Â are depends on unknown parameters from the continuous observations of the independent processes . When Â is an unknown parameter or restrict positive constant also studied in this paper. We propose the Gaussian distribution for the random effect Â and the exponential distribution for the random effect Â Â , we obtained an explicit formulas for the likelihood functions in each case and find the maximum likelihood estimators of the unknown parameters in the random effects and for the unknown parameter Â Â . Consistency and asymptotic normality are studied just when Â is normal random effect and Â is constant.
Composting process: a review
Authors: Raza Shahid , Ahmad Jalil 
Published: July 2016

Composting is one of the important and economical method of recycling organic waste. Composting process involve a number of microbes. Composting have several benefits, it improves manure handling , possible saleable product , improves land application, weed seed and pathogen destruction by high temperature in compost pile,Â minimum risk of different pollution problems,Â perfect soil conditioner. Composting is a process in which biological breakdown of organic waste under different controlled conditions takes place.
Analysis of travel motivations of tourists in terms of their demographical characteristics: The case of Ankara<p>Yabancı turistlerin seyahat motivasyonlarının demografik özellikleri açısından analizi: Ankara örneği
Authors: Yazıcıoğlu İrfan , Akbulut Burcu Ayşenur 
Published: August 2016

The fact that tourists have different desires and expectations and those’ve always changed as well, the studies that focus on understanding the components motivate tourists to buy, have been important more and more. This study aims to reveal travel motivation of foreign tourists who visited Ankara city and to determine if tourists’ motivations vary according to demographical characteristics (gender, marial status, income, education, employment, age, nationality). As an implementation area for this study; Ankara is chosen and 390 foreign tourists visiting Ankara are applied. As data collection instrument, survey forms are used within the scope of this study and in analysis of collected data, t test and Anova are used. As a result of the analyses done; it is determined that their common motivations show a significant difference according to their gender and nationality, but doesn’t show a significant difference according to their marial status, income, education, employment, age. When it is analyzed in terms of dimensions; it is determined that the motivations of “knowledge” and “relaxation” show a significant difference according to their gender and nationality; the motivation of “entertainment” shows a significant difference according to their gender, marial status, income, employment, and finally the motivation of “prestige” shows only a significant difference according to their nationality. ÖzetTuristlerin farklı istek ve beklentilere sahip olmaları ve bu isteklerin sürekli değişmesi nedeniyle turistleri satın almaya motive eden unsurları anlamaya yönelik çalışmalar önem kazanmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, yabancı turistlerin seyahat motivasyonlarının belirlenmesi ve seyahat motivasyonlarının demografik özelliklere (cinsiyet, medeni durum, gelir, eğitim, çalışma durumu, yaş ve milliyet) göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin ortaya konmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda uygulama alanı olarak Ankara seçilmiştir. Bu kapsamda Ankara’yı ziyaret eden 390 yabancı turiste ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket formları, toplanan verilerin analizinde t testi ve Anova kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda; turistlerin genel seyahat motivasyonlarının cinsiyet ve milliyet değişkenine göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı tespit edilirken; medeni durum, gelir, eğitim ve yaş durumuna göre farklılaşmadığı görülmüştür. Boyutlar açısından incelendiğinde ise “bilgi” ve “rahatlama” motivasyonunun cinsiyet ve milliyete göre farklılaştığı; “eğlence” motivasyonunun cinsiyet, medeni durum, gelir, çalışma durumu, milliyete göre farklılaştığı ve ”prestij” motivasyonunun ise sadece milliyete göre farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir.
Utilização de biofilme comestível na conservação pós-colheita de pimentão verde (capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Sena Edinaldo De Oliveira Alves , Couto Hyrla Grazielle Silva de Araújo , Paixão Airles regina Da Costa , Silveira Maria Priscilla Celestino , De Oliveira Júnior Luis Fernando Ganassali , Carnelossi Marcelo Augusto Gutierrez 
Published: July 2016

A utilização de biofilmes comestíveis são uma das alternativas tecnológicas eficientes na manutenção da vida útil de frutos e hortaliças. A fina camada de material comestível atua como excelente propriedade de barreira artificial, e associada à refrigeração age mantendo a qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicação do biofilme a base de alginato de sódio sobre a manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de pimentões verdes (Capsicum annuum L.). Os frutos foram selecionados, lavados, sanitizados, revestidos com 1% e 3% de alginato. Frutos sem revestimento foram utilizados como controle Após aplicação do revestimento os frutos foram armazenados em expositor vertical a 7°C e 87±1% UR por até 15 dias. A cada três dias Foram realizadas analises de perda de massa fresca, firmeza do fruto, teores de acidez titulável e de ácido ascórbico, pH, parâmetros de cor, e atividade da enzima pectinametilesterase (PME). O uso do revestimento foi eficiente em retardar o metabolismo dos frutos de pimentão. O revestimento também foi capaz de manter por mais tempo a firmeza dos frutos quando comparados com o controle. Frutos revestidos apresentaram maiores valores de SS e AT, menor atividade da enzima pectinametilesterase, menor perda de massa fresca, e melhor aspecto visual durante os 15 dias de armazenamento.
Brachiopods and stratigraphy of the Upper Devonian (Frasnian) succession of the Radlin Syncline (Holy Cross Mountains, Poland)
Authors: Baliński Andrzej , Racki Grzegorz , Halamski Adam T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe lower part of the Frasnian succession in the Radlin Syncline (Kielce–Łagów Synclinorium, southern region of the Holy Cross Mountains), in the two studied successions: Józefka at Górno and (for the first time) Radlin, consists of the rhythmic marly Szydłówek Beds, the fossil-rich limestones of the Wietrznia Beds (locally) and the atypically developed, calcareous Kostomłoty Beds. The carbon isotope chemostratigraphic pattern overall corresponds well to the global Early–Middle Frasnian biogeochemical perturbation, even if the majorpunctatapositive excursion is only fragmentarily recorded in the Kostomłoty intrashelf basin.Two brachiopod assemblages are abundantly represented in both sections: thePhlogoiderhynchus polonicusAssemblage, typical of the Szydłówek Beds, and theBiernatella lentiformisAssemblage, limited to the middle part of the Wietrznia Beds. Both are highly dominated by the index species. Twenty nine lower Frasnian brachiopod species (Craniida – 1 species, Strophomenida – 1, Productida – 2, Protorthida – 1, Orthida – 5, Pentamerida – 1, Rhynchonellida – 4, Atrypida – 4, Athyridida – 3, Spiriferida – 4, Spiriferinida – 3) are described from the Szydłówek and Wietrznia Beds. Seven new species are introduced:Skenidioides cretusHalamski sp. nov.,Biernatium minusBaliński sp. nov.,Monelasmina montisjosephiBaliński sp. nov.,Atryparia(Costatrypa)agricolaeHalamski and Baliński sp. nov.,Davidsonia enmerkarisHalamski sp. nov.,Leptathyris gornensisBaliński sp. nov., andEchinocoelia parvaBaliński sp. nov.Davidsonia enmerkarisHalamski sp. nov. is intermediate betweenDavidsoniaBouchard-Chantereaux, 1849 andRugodavidsoniaCopper, 1996 and is the youngest known representative of the suborder Davidsonioidea Copper, 1996.Skenidioides cretusHalamski sp. nov. is the last representative of the genus. Statistical investigation of a large sample ofSpinatrypina(Exatrypa)explanatadid not confirm the existence of two dimorphic forms, coarse- and fine-ribbed.The high-diversityBiernatella lentiformisAssemblage is quite dissimilar to coeval brachiopod assemblages described heretofore from the Holy Cross Mountains region. It is interpreted as consisting of mostly parautochthonous dwellers of deep-slope muddy habitats and a local, occasionally storm-agitated, intra-basin brachiopod-crinoid-coral shoal. The fauna was adapted probably to cooler and nutrient-poor waters during an initial phase of the severe carbon cycle perturbation.
Prevalence and mutations of β-thalassemia trait and abnormal hemoglobins in premarital screening in Çanakkale province, Turkey
Authors: Uludağ A , Uysal A , Uludağ A , Ertekin YH , Tekin M , Kütük B , Silan F , Özdemir Ö 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The prevalence of β-thalassemia (β-thal) carriers in Turkey varies according to region but in general it is 2.0%. Çanakkale is a city in the Aegean region of Turkey but no study about β-thal frequency in Çanakkale has been published to date. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of β-thal mutations in this province. A total of 4452 couples (8904 individuals) applied for premarital thalassemia scans at the Çanakkale State Health Directorate Laboratory between January 2008 and June 2012 and scanning was done with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Of 125 β-thal carriers seen at the Medical Genetics Clinic, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey, for genetic counseling, 46 participated in the study. The remaining 79 patients could not be reached. The prevalence for β-thal carriers in Çanakkale was identified as 1.4% (125/8904). One couple were both β-thal carriers. β-Globin gene analysis of 46 carriers found the total frequency of the three most common mutations was 45.6%. These mutations were found to be HBB: c.93-21G>A [IVS-I-110 (G>A)], 26.08% (12/46); HBB: c.17_ 18delCT [codon 5 (‒CT)], 10.85% (5/46); HBB: c.20delA [codon 6 (‒A)] 8.69% (4/46). This is the first report on the frequency and mutation profiles of β-thal for Çanakkale. The incidence of β-thal carriers in Çanakkale is below the average for Turkey. The most frequently observed mutation profile and rate of β-thal in our region is different from the other regions of Turkey.
What Can We Learn About Regulatory Agencies and Regulated Parties from the Empirical Study of Judicial Review of Regulatory Agencies’ Decisions? The Case of Croatia
Authors: Bajakić Ivana , Kos Veseljka 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine regulatory agencies and regulated parties in an empirical study of administrative disputes initiated against the decisions of regulatory agencies in Croatia. We first aim to provide an overview of the status and trend estimates regarding these disputes; second, to answer the question how well does the system work from the perspectives of both the plaintiffs and the regulatory agencies; third, to identify the problem areas and to compare these with problem areas identified by the authors studying the broader area of administrative judiciary in Croatia, and finally to compare efficiency level of regulatory agencies to other public authorities in confirming the legality of their decisions and actions. Data on all administrative disputes against 12 Croatian regulatory agencies’ decisions in the 17-year period between 1995 and 2011 are used to identify the main characteristics and trends relating to these disputes. Data for 2012 to 2013 was also examined to identify initial changes and emerging trends in the new administrative judiciary system resulting from fundamental legal reform as part of Croatia’s process of accession to the European Union in 2013. The results show these administrative disputes to be often costly and timely with modest outcome for the plaintiff and impressive success rate for the most of regulatory agencies.
Faith and laughter: Do atheists and practicing Christians have different senses of humor?
Authors: Schweizer Bernard , Ott Karl-Heinz 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study analyzes the reactions of practicing Christians and atheists to various kinds of humorous materials. The goal was to determine whether the presence or absence of Christian belief serves as a predictor for humor appreciation, specifically whether practicing Christians appreciate certain types of humor more (or less) than atheists do. Reactions by all study participants to 18 passages presenting various humor styles were dispersed from “not funny at all” to “very funny,” indicating the subjective nature of measuring humor appreciation. The results show almost no correlation between the presence or absence of Christian faith and the degree of humor appreciation. The only notable exceptions are that practicing Christians tend to react less favorably than atheists to the most blasphemous, disparaging kinds of humor, while atheists are somewhat less amused by good-natured religious jokes compared to practicing Christians. All other joke categories were judged similarly in terms of their perceived funniness by members of the two contrasting religious populations. The overriding determiner of funniness was found to be the inherent comical quality of individual jokes as well as, to some degree, the joke category from which humorous passages were drawn, rather than the presence or absence of Christian faith among the joke recipients. This finding contradicts a-priori claims about the supposed negative correlation between sense of humor and religiosity. The study further exemplifies adaptive statistical methods to extract significant trends and tendencies from empirical data obtained through an online survey.
Anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, thrombolytic and cytotoxic activities of an ornamental medicinal plant: Persicaria orientalis
Authors: Ansari Prawej , Uddin Md. Josim , Rahman Md. Masudur , Abdullah-Al-Mamun Md. , Islam Md. Rabiul , Ali Md. Hazrat , Reza A.S.M. Ali 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background:

Persicaria orientalis, an ornamental medicinal plant, has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Although the plant is reported to have some important pharmacological effects, many medicinal values remain unidentified. Our objective was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, thrombolytic, and cytotoxic properties of the methanol extract of P. orientalis leaves (Po-MeOH).

Methods:
Anti-inflammatory activity was measured by the inhibition of hypotonicity-induced human red blood cell hemolysis and albumin denaturation technique in vitro of Po-MeOH. Diarrheal episodes were examined in mice with castor oil-induced diarrhea. The clot lysis and brine shrimp lethality bioassay in vitro were used to evaluate the thrombolytic and cytotoxic activities of the plant extract, respectively.

Results:
Using in vitro anti-inflammatory models, the results demonstrated that Po-MeOH at the five different dose ranges from 31.25 to 500 μg/mL significantly (p<0.05) protected (0.98%–50.71%) the erythrocyte membrane against lysis induced by hypotonic medium solution and protein denaturation (38.27%–79.22%) of bovine albumin, respectively. The extract exhibited a significant reduction of severity (75.17%) of castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice at the highest dose of 400 mg/kg compared to loperamide (82.06%) at 5 mg/kg. Po-MeOH also showed 33.14% clot lytic activity in the thrombolytic test and cytotoxicity with LC50 value 58.91 μg/mL in the brine shrimp bioassay.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that Po-MeOH has significant anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal effects along with moderate thrombolytic and lower cytotoxic properties that may warrant the further exploration.
Friction surfacing for enhanced surface protection of marine engineering components: erosion-corrosion study
Authors: Rajakumar S. , Balasubramanian V. , Balakrishnan M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGood mechanical properties combined with outstanding corrosion-resistance properties of cast nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) alloy lead to be a specific material for many marine applications, including ship propellers. However, the erosion-corrosion resistance of cast-NAB alloy is not as good as wrought NAB alloy. Hence, in this investigation, an attempt has been made to improve the erosion-corrosion resistance of cast NAB alloy by depositing wrought (extruded) NAB alloy applying the friction surfacing (FS) technique. Erosion-corrosion tests were carried out in slurries composed of sand particles of 3.5% NaCl solution. Silica sand having a nominal size range of 250–355 μm is used as an erodent. Specimens were tested at 30° and 90° impingement angles. It is observed that the erosion and erosion-corrosion resistance of friction surfaced NAB alloy exhibited an improvement as compared to cast NAB alloy. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the erosion tracks developed on the cast NAB alloy were wider and deeper than those formed on the friction surfaced extruded NAB alloy.