bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESTRUCTION AND REALLOCATION OF SKILLS FOLLOWING LARGE COMPANY CLOSURES
Authors: Holm Jacob Rubæk , Østergaard Christian Richter , Olesen Thomas Roslyng 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes what happens to redundant skills and workers when large companies close down and whether their skills are destroyed or reallocated. The analysis is based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative data of the closure of four companies. Getting a job in a skill‐related industry or moving to a spinoff firm leads to skill reallocation. Thus, the result depends on regional idiosyncrasies such as industry structure and urbanization. If local policy makers and the owners exert a coordinated effort, it is possible to create success stories of less skill destruction in urban as well as peripheral regions.
GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF 2D SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILES ONSHORE LEBANON: IMPLICATIONS FOR PETROLEUM EXPLORATION
Authors: Nader F. H. , Browning‐Stamp P. , Lecomte J.‐C. 
Published: September 2016

The first 2D seismic reflection acquisition onshore Lebanon was undertaken in 2013 by Spectrum Geo Ltd under the auspices of the Lebanese Ministry of Energy and Water. The surveys were recorded across a crustal‐scale restraining bend in the central part of the Levant Fracture System. This contribution presents a geological interpretation of processed 2D data from the 2013 campaign.Two east‐west trending seismic profiles were acquired and processed with a total linear distance of ∼80 km. Overall, a total of 16 key seismic reflectors were identified and mapped, and 20 faults were traced on the seismic profiles which were compared to geologic sections along the same acquisition path‐lines. This helped to age‐constrain the key reflectors and to assign the proper lithostratigraphic attributes to observed seismic packages. Interval velocities were determined every 500 m along each profile using the Dix equation to approximate the depth (in metres) for each time‐picked horizon (ms), and ultimately to correlate seismic packages and measured thicknesses with known and/or extrapolated geologic rock units.The 50 km long SLEB‐2D‐01‐13 profile (Batroun – Ainata, northern Lebanon) shows distinct seismic reflectors down to 2.5 seconds TWT. The deepest key reflector is believed to correspond to the middle Triassic evaporites which appear to have acted as a decoupling horizon. The interpreted profile displays the continuity of the overlying Qartaba structure, a potential viable exploration lead which merits further investigation.The 30 km long SLEB‐2D‐05‐13 profile (Aley – Barr Elias, central Lebanon) shows excellent seismic imaging below the Bekaa valley, reaching 4 seconds TWT. The deepest key reflector is associated with the base‐Jurassic horizon, 6300m to 8500m below ground level. Assumed Eocene platform carbonates underlie an interpreted Oligocene argillaceous package. These may form good hydrocarbon reservoir rocks if a viable petroleum system is present.
Prototypes, Reality and the Growth Rate of Autonomous Consumption Expenditures: A Rejoinder
Authors: Lavoie Marc 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTI respond to Skott' (2016) main comments on Lavoie (2016), which are: first, when calibrating with plausible parameter values, the stabilizing mechanism is unlikely to operate; second, in the analysis of the simple model, I have omitted the second stationary solution; third, he implies that the constraints that need to be imposed on my simple and complex models are in contradiction with each other. I argue that Skott confutes prototypes and reality; that the second stationary solution is of little interest; and that the constraints that need to be imposed on the simple and complex variants of the model are not in contradiction with each other.
Onychomycosis secondary to onychomadesis: an underdiagnosed manifestation
Authors: Li Meirong , Chen Zhuanggui , Yin Songchao , Xue Ruzeng , Chen Zhirui , Huang Huaiqiu , Wei Ling , Lu Chun , De Hoog Gerit Sybren , Lai Wei , Feng Peiying 
Published: September 2016

SummaryOnychomycosis is a rare nail disorder in early childhood, while onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic, non‐inflammatory disease that affects the nail matrix and is common in children especially in those who suffer from viral infections. In this study, we investigated recent cases of onychomycosis subsequent to periods of onychomadesis in children. Sixteen young children (six males, 10 females) with a mean age of 36.5 months were diagnosed with onychomadesis, and 13 of the patients had a history of viral infection prior to nail changes. Direct microscopy of nail scaling was positive in 11 cases (68.8%), and culture was positive in the same number of cases. Four Candida species were isolated: Candida glabrata was the most frequent, found in eight cases (72.7%), while C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis, each were encountered in a single case. All children were treated successfully with or without topical bifonazole therapy.
Conservation of core complex subunits shaped the structure and function of photosystem I in the secondary endosymbiont alga Nannochloropsis gaditana
Authors: Alboresi Alessandro , Le Quiniou Clotilde , Yadav Sathish K. N. , Scholz Martin , Meneghesso Andrea , Gerotto Caterina , Simionato Diana , Hippler Michael , Boekema Egbert J. , Croce Roberta , Morosinotto Tomas 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Photosystem I (PSI) is a pigment protein complex catalyzing the light‐driven electron transport from plastocyanin to ferredoxin in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Several PSI subunits are highly conserved in cyanobacteria, algae and plants, whereas others are distributed differentially in the various organisms.

Here we characterized the structural and functional properties of PSI purified from the heterokont alga Nannochloropsis gaditana, showing that it is organized as a supercomplex including a core complex and an outer antenna, as in plants and other eukaryotic algae.

Differently from all known organisms, the N. gaditana PSI supercomplex contains five peripheral antenna proteins, identified by proteome analysis as type‐R light‐harvesting complexes (LHCr4‐8). Two antenna subunits are bound in a conserved position, as in PSI in plants, whereas three additional antennae are associated with the core on the other side. This peculiar antenna association correlates with the presence of PsaF/J and the absence of PsaH, G and K in the N. gaditana genome and proteome.

Excitation energy transfer in the supercomplex is highly efficient, leading to a very high trapping efficiency as observed in all other PSI eukaryotes, showing that although the supramolecular organization of PSI changed during evolution, fundamental functional properties such as trapping efficiency were maintained.
Mechanism of silica deposition in sorghum silica cells
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Milstein Yonat , Brami Yaniv , Elbaum Michael , Elbaum Rivka 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Grasses take up silicic acid from soil and deposit it in their leaves as solid silica. This mineral, comprising 1–10% of the grass dry weight, improves plants' tolerance to various stresses. The mechanisms promoting stress tolerance are mostly unknown, and even the mineralization process is poorly understood.

To study leaf mineralization in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), we followed silica deposition in epidermal silica cells by in situ charring and air‐scanning electron microscopy. Our findings were correlated to the viability of silica cells tested by fluorescein diacetate staining. We compared our results to a sorghum mutant defective in root uptake of silicic acid. We showed that the leaf silicification in these plants is intact by detecting normal mineralization in leaves exposed to silicic acid.

Silica cells were viable while condensing silicic acid into silica. The controlled mineral deposition was independent of water evapotranspiration. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching suggested that the forming mineral conformed to the cellulosic cell wall, leaving the cytoplasm well connected to neighboring cells. As the silicified wall thickened, the functional cytoplasm shrunk into a very small space.

These results imply that leaf silica deposition is an active, physiologically regulated process as opposed to a simple precipitation.
Impacts of human‐induced environmental disturbances on hybridization between two ecologically differentiated Californian oak species
Authors: Ortego Joaquín , Gugger Paul F. , Sork Victoria L. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryNatural hybridization, which can be involved in local adaptation and in speciation processes, has been linked to different sources of anthropogenic disturbance.Here, we use genotypic data to study range‐wide patterns of genetic admixture between the serpentine‐soil specialist leather oak (Quercus durata) and the widespread Californian scrub oak (Quercus berberidifolia). First, we estimated hybridization rates and the direction of gene flow. Second, we tested the hypothesis that genetic admixture increases with different sources of environmental disturbance, namely anthropogenic destruction of natural habitats and wildfire frequency estimated from long‐term records of fire occurrence.Our analyses indicate considerable rates of hybridization (> 25%), asymmetric gene flow fromQ. durataintoQ. berberidifolia, and a higher occurrence of hybrids in areas where both species live in close parapatry. In accordance with the environmental disturbance hypothesis, we found that genetic admixture increases with wildfire frequency, but we did not find a significant effect of other sources of human‐induced habitat alteration (urbanization, land clearing for agriculture) or a suite of ecological factors (climate, elevation, soil type).Our findings highlight that wildfires constitute an important source of environmental disturbance, promoting hybridization between two ecologically well‐differentiated native species.
Reporting of treatment fidelity in behavioural paediatric obesity intervention trials: a systematic review
Authors: JaKa M. M. , Haapala J. L. , Trapl E. S. , Kunin‐Batson A. S. , Olson‐Bullis B. A. , Heerman W. J. , Berge J. M. , Moore S. M. , Matheson D. , Sherwood N. E. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBehavioural interventions for paediatric obesity are promising, but detailed information on treatment fidelity (i.e. design, training, delivery, receipt and enactment) is needed to optimize the implementation of more effective interventions. Little is known about current practices for reporting treatment fidelity in paediatric obesity studies. This systematic review, in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, describes the methods used to report treatment fidelity in randomized controlled trials. Treatment fidelity was double‐coded using the National Institutes of Health Fidelity Framework checklist. Three hundred articles (N = 193 studies) were included. Mean inter‐coder reliability across items was 0.83 (SD = 0.09). Reporting of treatment design elements within the field was high (e.g. 77% of studies reported designed length of treatment session), but reporting of other domains was low (e.g. only 7% of studies reported length of treatment sessions delivered). Few reported gold standard methods to evaluate treatment fidelity (e.g. coding treatment content delivered). General study quality was associated with reporting of treatment fidelity (p < 0.01) as was the number of articles published for a given study (p < 0.01). The frequency of reporting treatment fidelity components has not improved over time (p = 0.26). Specific recommendations are made to support paediatric obesity researchers in leading health behaviour disciplines towards more rigorous measurement and reporting of treatment fidelity.
Genetic analysis of hereditary gingival fibromatosis using whole exome sequencing and bioinformatics
Authors: Hwang J , Kim Y‐L , Kang S , Kim S , Kim S‐O , Lee JH , Han D‐H 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesOur study aims to identify genetic variants associated with hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) by applying whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics analyses such as gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and protein functional network study.Subjects and MethodsTwo affected siblings whose grandparents and parents have normal gingiva were chosen for our investigation. Saliva collected from the patients and their parents were used for WES. GSEA and protein functional network study were performed to find gene groups in a biological coordination which are associated with HGF.ResultsGenetic variants for homozygotes and compound heterozygotes were analyzed and translated into 845 genes. The result from protein functional network study showed that these genetic variants were mainly observed in genes affecting fibronectin as well as the immune and autoimmune system. Additionally, three mutated genes in our HGF patients, TMCO1, RIN2, and INSR, were found through human phenotype ontology (HPO) to have potential to contribute to gingival hyperplasia.ConclusionsGenetic analysis of HGF in this study implicated mutations in fibronectin and the immune system as triggering abnormal gingival fibromatosis.
Capnography monitoring during dental conscious sedation
Authors: Brady P. , Gallagher C. , McCarthy C. , O'Halloran K. , McCreary C. , Ioham G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThis article aims to provide some useful information on implementing capnography monitoring and interpretation in an oral surgery setting.Materials and MethodsInformation gleaned from experience in the use of microstream capnography for patients undergoing conscious sedation is presented.ResultsWaveform trend rather than quantitative measurement of end tidal carbon dioxide is emphasised for monitoring spontaneously breathing patients.ConclusionThe information presented provides dentistry‐specific information on capnography monitoring.
Treatment of allergic children – Where is the progress (for the practicing allergist)?
Authors: Wert A. F. , Posa D. , Tsilochristou O. , Schwerk N. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFor any kind of therapeutic intervention in allergic diseases such as environmental control, pharmacological, or immunomodulating treatment including educational programs, children are addressed separately from adults. Health authorities like the Food and Drug Administration in the United States of America or the European Medicine Agency in Europe request a specific ‘Pediatric investigational plan’ with studies addressing dose–response relationship, safety, and efficacy for infants, children, and adolescents. During the last 2 years, promising advances have been reported for the treatment of a variety of allergic and immunologic disorders. This review summarizes the progress in the treatment of pediatric asthma and allergic diseases, based on publications of approximately the last 2.5 years (end of 2013 until May 2016) in and beyond this journal. Meanwhile, it highlights areas with promising novel therapeutic approaches, which are likely to change treatment for allergic children in the near future.
Anemia and markers of erythropoiesis in pediatric kidney transplant recipients compared to children with chronic renal failure
Authors: Krause Irit , Davidovits Miriam , Tamary Hannah , Yutcis Maria , Dagan Amit 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPTA and anemia of CKD share a similar pathogenesis. However, PTA may be disproportionate to the reduction in the GFR. Data relating to the mechanism of PTA are scarce. We evaluated the erythropoiesis parameters in pediatric kidney recipients compared to children with CKD. A total of 100 patients (54 post‐kidney TX, 46 with CKD) were enrolled in the single‐center cohort study. GFR was found to be significantly lower in the CKD group (49.7±22.4 vs 72.9±28.5 mL/min/1.73 m², P<.001); anemia was significantly more common in the TX patients (52% vs 41.3%, P<.001). Iron transferrin saturation and serum ferritin levels were lower in the CKD patients. In both groups, hemoglobin Z scores significantly correlated with GFR (R=.31, P=.07). This correlation was more prominent in the CKD group (R=.43, P=.008) compared to the TX group (R=.31, P=.04). Anemia was significantly more common in the TX patients than in the CKD patients despite a better GFR. The higher prevalence of anemia in the TX group could not be explained by an iron deficiency or reduced EPO production. We speculate that immunosuppressive therapy together with resistance to EPO may play a role in the pathogenesis of post‐transplantation anemia.
Citizen Expectations and Satisfaction in a Young Democracy: A Test of the Expectancy‐Disconfirmation Model
Authors: Petrovsky Nicolai , Mok Jue Young , León‐Cázares Filadelfo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCitizen satisfaction with public services has been shown to depend on citizens’ expectations and their perceptions of performance. If performance exceeds expectations, satisfaction is likely; if performance falls short of expectations, dissatisfaction is likely. The existing evidence on this process covers the United States and the United Kingdom. The authors generalize the idea of expectation‐driven citizen satisfaction (the “expectancy‐disconfirmation model”) theoretically and empirically to an institutional context of limited accountability and widespread citizen distrust. Using a survey of a broad cross‐section of the general adult population in Guadalajara, Mexico, in 2014, this article finds support for the expectancy‐disconfirmation model in this very different context. The authors also test for an effect of the type of expectation using an embedded, randomized experiment but do not find evidence of a difference between normative and empirical expectations. Findings support the usefulness of the expectancy‐disconfirmation model in a wide range of contexts.
Exercise training in COPD: What is it about intensity?
Authors: Morris Norman R. , Walsh James , Adams Lewis , Alision Jennifer 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Most of the current guidelines for pulmonary rehabilitation recommend higher, over lower, intensity exercise training for COPD. Typically, we consider intensity of exercise training to be a key component of any exercise training programme. Whilst studies of young individuals have demonstrated that higher exercise training intensity results in greater improvements in exercise capacity, the evidence for older patients is not so clear cut. In COPD, there is limited evidence regarding the optimal intensity of exercise training. Using both physiological (peak exercise capacity) and patient‐centred (e.g. quality of life) outcomes, it remains inconclusive if higher intensity exercise training bestows any greater benefit than low‐intensity exercise. If we examine the data from interval training studies, which used both high‐ and low‐intensity interval and continuous exercise, we are able to generate more data for comparison. Unfortunately, these data are challenging to interpret due to heterogeneity in how interval training was prescribed. However, when we normalize the interval training data for training volume and examine the change in peak cycling power, there is a relationship between training intensity and increase in peak power (Wpeak, r = 0.68, P < 0.05). Hence, whilst there is an inconclusive amount of evidence to support this intervention based on studies that only examined high‐ versus low‐intensity continuous exercise, the additional data from interval training studies would suggest that higher intensity may be superior in terms of increases in Wpeak. Future studies should focus on establishing a threshold and an optimal training intensity for COPD.
HIV and host immunogenetics: unraveling the role of HLA‐C
Authors: Bardeskar N. S. , Mania‐Pramanik J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHost genetic factors play a major role in determining the outcome of many infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Multiple host factors have been studied till date showing their varied role in susceptibility or resistance to HIV infection. HLA‐C, however, has been recently started gaining interest in researchers mind revealing its polymorphisms to have an important effect on viral load set‐points, disease progression as well as transmission. In this review report, we have compiled these significant findings of HLA‐C in HIV infection, in an attempt to highlight the need for further research in the area in different ethnic population to establish its role in the infection.
High‐dose steroid therapy in BK viremia adversely affected the long‐term graft function after kidney transplantation
Authors: Kim Hyosang , Yu Hoon , Baek Chung Hee , Han Duck Jong , Park Su‐Kil 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough high‐dose steroid therapy has been attempted for the management of clinically suspected allograft rejection, before testing for BK viral activity or acute cellular rejection accompanied by BK polyomavirus nephropathy, its long‐term outcome remains unknown. We investigated the impact of high‐dose steroids on BK viral activity and long‐term graft outcomes in patients with BK viremia.MethodsThe study population comprised 144 kidney transplant recipients with BK viremia. They were divided into 2 groups based on the amount of steroids administered: low‐dose group (<2 g, n=123) or high‐dose group (≥2 g, n=21).ResultsThe baseline serum BK viral loads were 5.4±1.1 log cp/mL in the low‐dose group and 6.0±1.3 in the high‐dose group (P=.054). These changed to 5.2±1.3 and 6.1±1.4, 1 month after steroid treatment (P=.03) and 4.9±1.3 and 5.9±1.4 at 2 months (P=.033), respectively. From 3 months to 1 year, the serum BK viral titers were not different between groups. Kaplan‐Meier analyses demonstrated that the rates of the decline of graft function and graft failure were higher in the high‐dose group (P=.02 and P=.04, respectively). High‐dose steroids (P=.012, hazard ratio [HR] 5.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42–17.85) and log serum BK viral load at 2 months after steroid treatment (P=.042, HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.02–2.28) were independent risk factors for the decline of graft function.ConclusionHigh‐dose steroids induced BK viral activation and subsequently resulted in poor long‐term graft function and early graft failure in patients with BK viremia.
Porcine endothelium induces DNA–histone complex formation in human whole blood: a harmful effect of histone on coagulation and endothelial activation
Authors: Yoo Hyun Ju , Kim Ji‐Eun , Gu Ja Yoon , Lee Sae Bom , Lee Hyun Joo , Hwang Ho Young , Hwang Yoohwa , Kim Young Tae , Kim Hyun Kyung 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundNeutrophils play a role in xenograft rejection. When neutrophils are stimulated, they eject the DNA–histone complex into the extracellular space, called neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). We investigated whether NET formation actively occurs in the xenograft and contributes to coagulation and endothelial activation.MethodsHuman whole blood was incubated with porcine aortic endothelial cells (pEC) from wild‐type or α1,3‐galactosyltransferase gene‐knockout (GTKO) pigs. In the supernatant plasma from human blood, the level of the DNA–histone complex was measured by ELISA, and thrombin generation was measured using a calibrated automated thrombogram. Histone‐induced tissue factor and adhesion molecule expression were measured by flow cytometry.ResultspEC from both wild‐type and GTKO pigs significantly induced DNA–histone complex formation in human whole blood. The DNA–histone complex produced shortened the thrombin generation time and clotting time. Histone alone dose‐dependently induced tissue factor and adhesion molecule expression in pEC. Aurintricarboxylic acid pretreatment partially inhibited pEC‐induced DNA–histone complex formation.ConclusionsDNA–histone complex actively generated upon xenotransplantation is a novel target to inhibit coagulation and endothelial activation. To prevent tissue factor and adhesion molecule expression, a strategy to block soluble histone may be required in xenotransplantation.