bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Horses discriminate between facial expressions of conspecifics
Authors: Wathan J. , Proops L. , Grounds K. , McComb K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn humans, facial expressions are rich sources of social information and have an important role in regulating social interactions. However, the extent to which this is true in non-human animals, and particularly in non-primates, remains largely unknown. Therefore we tested whether domestic horses (Equus caballus) could discriminate between facial expressions of their conspecifics captured in different contexts, and whether viewing these expressions elicited functionally relevant reactions. Horses were more likely to approach photographic stimuli displaying facial expressions associated with positive attention and relaxation, and to avoid stimuli displaying an expression associated with aggression. Moreover, differing patterns of heart rate changes were observed in response to viewing the positive anticipation and agonistic facial expressions. These results indicate that horses spontaneously discriminate between photographs of unknown conspecifics portraying different facial expressions, showing appropriate behavioural and physiological responses. Thus horses, an animal far-removed from the primate lineage, also have the ability to use facial expressions as a means of gaining social information and potentially regulating social interactions.
Engineering the surface properties of a human monoclonal antibody prevents self-association and rapid clearance in vivo
Authors: Dobson Claire L. , Devine Paul W. A. , Phillips Jonathan J. , Higazi Daniel R. , Lloyd Christopher , Popovic Bojana , Arnold Joanne , Buchanan Andrew , Lewis Arthur , Goodman Joanne , van der Walle Christopher F. , Thornton Peter , Vinall Lisa , Lowne David , Aagaard Anna , Olsson Lise-Lotte , Ridderstad Wollberg Anna , Welsh Fraser , Karamanos Theodoros K. , Pashley Clare L. , Iadanza Matthew G. , Ranson Neil A. , Ashcroft Alison E. , Kippen Alistair D. , Vaughan Tristan J. , Radford Sheena E. , Lowe David C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUncontrolled self-association is a major challenge in the exploitation of proteins as therapeutics. Here we describe the development of a structural proteomics approach to identify the amino acids responsible for aberrant self-association of monoclonal antibodies and the design of a variant with reduced aggregation and increased serum persistence in vivo. We show that the human monoclonal antibody, MEDI1912, selected against nerve growth factor binds with picomolar affinity, but undergoes reversible self-association and has a poor pharmacokinetic profile in both rat and cynomolgus monkeys. Using hydrogen/deuterium exchange and cross-linking-mass spectrometry we map the residues responsible for self-association of MEDI1912 and show that disruption of the self-interaction interface by three mutations enhances its biophysical properties and serum persistence, whilst maintaining high affinity and potency. Immunohistochemistry suggests that this is achieved via reduction of non-specific tissue binding. The strategy developed represents a powerful and generic approach to improve the properties of therapeutic proteins.
Photon pair generation in hydrogenated amorphous silicon microring resonators
Authors: Hemsley Elizabeth , Bonneau Damien , Pelc Jason , Beausoleil Ray , O’Brien Jeremy L. , Thompson Mark G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe generate photon pairs in a-Si:H microrings using a CW pump, and find the Kerr coefficient of a-Si:H to be 3.73 ± 0.25 × 10−17m2/W. By measuring the Q factor with coupled power we find that the loss in the a-Si:H micro-rings scales linearly with power, and therefore cannot originate from two photon absorption. Theoretically comparing a-Si:H and c-Si micro-ring pair sources, we show that the high Kerr coefficient of this sample of a-Si:H is best utilized for microrings with Q factors below 103, but that for higher Q factor devices the photon pair rate is greatly suppressed due to the first order loss.
RNA activation of haploinsufficient Foxg1 gene in murine neocortex
Authors: Fimiani Cristina , Goina Elisa , Su Qin , Gao Guangping , Mallamaci Antonello 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMore than one hundred distinct gene hemizygosities are specifically linked to epilepsy, mental retardation, autism, schizophrenia and neuro-degeneration. Radical repair of these gene deficits via genome engineering is hardly feasible. The same applies to therapeutic stimulation of the spared allele by artificial transactivators. Small activating RNAs (saRNAs) offer an alternative, appealing approach. As a proof-of-principle, here we tested this approach on the Rett syndrome-linked, haploinsufficient,Foxg1brain patterning gene. We selected a set of artificial small activating RNAs (saRNAs) upregulating it in neocortical precursors and their derivatives. Expression of these effectors achieved a robust biological outcome. saRNA-driven activation (RNAa) was limited to neural cells which normally expressFoxg1and did not hide endogenous gene tuning. saRNAs recognized target chromatin through a ncRNA stemming from it. Gene upregulation required Ago1 and was associated to RNApolII enrichment throughout theFoxg1locus. Finally, saRNA delivery to murine neonatal brain replicatedFoxg1-RNAain vivo.
Three-dimensional ultrastructural analysis of cells in the periodontal ligament using focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope tomography
Authors: Hirashima Shingo , Ohta Keisuke , Kanazawa Tomonoshin , Okayama Satoko , Togo Akinobu , Uchimura Naohisa , Kusukawa Jingo , Nakamura Kei-ichiro 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe accurate comprehension of normal tissue provides essential data to analyse abnormalities such as disease and regenerative processes. In addition, understanding the proper structure of the target tissue and its microenvironment may facilitate successful novel treatment strategies. Many studies have examined the nature and structure of periodontal ligaments (PDLs); however, the three-dimensional (3D) structure of cells in normal PDLs remains poorly understood. In this study, we used focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope tomography to investigate the whole 3D ultrastructure of PDL cells along with quantitatively analysing their structural properties and ascertaining their orientation to the direction of the collagen fibre. PDL cells were shown to be in contact with each other, forming a widespread mesh-like network between the cementum and the alveolar bone. The volume of the cells in the horizontal fibre area was significantly larger than in other areas, whereas the anisotropy of these cells was lower than in other areas. Furthermore, the orientation of cells to the PDL fibres was not parallel to the PDL fibres in each area. As similar evaluations are recognized as being challenging using conventional two-dimensional methods, these novel 3D findings may contribute necessary knowledge for the comprehensive understanding and analysis of PDLs.
Fractal aggregation kinetics contributions to thermal conductivity of nano-suspensions in unsteady thermal convection
Authors: Sui Jize , Zhao Peng , Bin-Mohsin Bandar , Zheng Liancun , Zhang Xinxin , Cheng Zhengdong , Chen Ying , Chen Goong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNano-suspensions (NS) exhibit unusual thermophysical behaviors once interparticle aggregations and the shear flows are imposed, which occur ubiquitously in applications but remain poorly understood, because existing theories have not paid these attentions but focused mainly on stationary NS. Here we report the critical role of time-dependent fractal aggregation in the unsteady thermal convection of NS systematically. Interestingly, a time ratio λ = tp/tm (tp is the aggregate characteristic time, tm the mean convection time) is introduced to characterize the slow and fast aggregations, which affect distinctly the thermal convection process over time. The increase of fractal dimension reduces both momentum and thermal boundary layers, meanwhile extends the time duration for the full development of thermal convection. We find a nonlinear growth relation of the momentum layer, but a linear one of the thermal layer, with the increase of primary volume fraction of nanoparticles for different fractal dimensions. We present two global fractal scaling formulas to describe these two distinct relations properly, respectively. Our theories and methods in this study provide new evidence for understanding shear-flow and anomalous heat transfer of NS associated non-equilibrium aggregation processes by fractal laws, moreover, applications in modern micro-flow technology in nanodevices.
In vivo MEMRI characterization of brain metastases using a 3D Look-Locker T1-mapping sequence
Authors: Castets Charles R. , Koonjoo Néha , Hertanu Andreea , Voisin Pierre , Franconi Jean-Michel , Miraux Sylvain , Ribot Emeline J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAlthough MEMRI (Manganese Enhanced MRI) informations were obtained on primary tumors in small animals, MEMRI data on metastases are lacking. Thus, our goal was to determine if 3D Look-Locker T1 mapping was an efficient method to evaluate Mn ions transport in brain metastases in vivo. The high spatial resolution in 3D (156 × 156 × 218 μm) of the sequence enabled to detect metastases of 0.3 mm3. In parallel, the T1 quantitation enabled to distinguish three populations of MDA-MB-231 derived brain metastases after MnCl2 intravenous injection: one with a healthy blood-tumor barrier that did not internalize Mn2+ ions, and two others, which T1 shortened drastically by 54.2% or 24%. Subsequent scans of the mice, enabled by the fast acquisition (23 min), demonstrated that these T1 reached back their pre-injection values in 24 h. Contrarily to metastases, the T1 of U87-MG glioma remained 26.2% shorter for one week. In vitro results supported the involvement of the Transient Receptor Potential channels and the Calcium-Sensing Receptor in the uptake and efflux of Mn2+ ions, respectively. This study highlights the ability of the 3D Look-Locker T1 mapping sequence to study heterogeneities (i) amongst brain metastases and (ii) between metastases and glioma regarding Mn transport.
Difference in evolutionary patterns of strongly or weakly selected characters among ant populations
Authors: Imai Shuichiro , Kobayashi Kazuya , Ohkubo Yusaku , Yagi Norihiro , Hasegawa Eisuke 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDespite being a central issue in evolutionary biology, few studies have examined the stasis of characters in populations with no gene flow. A possible mechanism of such stasis is stabilizing selection with similar peaks in each population. This study examined the evolutionary patterns of morphological characters with and without strong selection in ant populations. We show that compared to a character that seems to be less important, characters that are more important were less variable within and among populations. Microsatellite analyses showed significant genetic differences between populations, implying limited gene flow between them. The observed levels of genetic differentiation cannot be attributed to recent population separations. Thus, the observed differences in morphological variance seem to reflect the degree of selection on each character. The less important character changed proportionately with time, but such a pattern was not observed in more important characters. These results suggest that stabilizing selection maintains morphological stasis between populations of the same species with minimal gene flow independent of divergence times.
Size-dependent and tunable crystallization of GeSbTe phase-change nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Bin , ten Brink Gert H. , Palasantzas George , Kooi Bart J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractChalcogenide-based nanostructured phase-change materials (PCMs) are considered promising building blocks for non-volatile memory due to their high write and read speeds, high data-storage density, and low power consumption. Top-down fabrication of PCM nanoparticles (NPs), however, often results in damage and deterioration of their useful properties. Gas-phase condensation based on magnetron sputtering offers an attractive and straightforward solution to continuously down-scale the PCMs into sub-lithographic sizes. Here we unprecedentedly present the size dependence of crystallization for Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) NPs, whose production is currently highly challenging for chemical synthesis or top-down fabrication. Both amorphous and crystalline NPs have been produced with excellent size and composition control with average diameters varying between 8 and 17 nm. The size-dependent crystallization of these NPs was carefully analyzed through in-situ heating in a transmission electron microscope, where the crystallization temperatures (Tc) decrease when the NPs become smaller. Moreover, methane incorporation has been observed as an effective method to enhance the amorphous phase stability of the NPs. This work therefore elucidates that GST NPs synthesized by gas-phase condensation with tailored properties are promising alternatives in designing phase-change memories constrained by optical lithography limitations.
PI16 is a shear stress and inflammation-regulated inhibitor of MMP2
Authors: Hazell Georgina G. J. , Peachey Alasdair M. G. , Teasdale Jack E. , Sala-Newby Graciela B. , Angelini Gianni D. , Newby Andrew C. , White Stephen J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRaised endothelial shear stress is protective against atherosclerosis but such protection may be lost at sites of inflammation. We found that four splice variants of the peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16) mRNA are among the most highly shear stress regulated transcripts in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), in vitro but that expression is reduced by inflammatory mediators TNFα and IL-1β. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that PI16 is expressed in human coronary endothelium and in a subset of neointimal cells and medial smooth muscle cells. Adenovirus-mediated PI16 overexpression inhibits HCAEC migration and secreted matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. Moreover, PI16 inhibits MMP2 in part by binding an exposed peptide loop above the active site. Our results imply that, at high endothelial shear stress, PI16 contributes to inhibition of protease activity; protection that can be reversed during inflammation.
Distinct roles of short and long thymic stromal lymphopoietin isoforms in house dust mite-induced asthmatic airway epithelial barrier disruption
Authors: Dong Hangming , Hu Yahui , Liu Laiyu , Zou Mengchen , Huang Chaowen , Luo Lishan , Yu Changhui , Wan Xuan , Zhao Haijin , Chen JiaLong , Xie Zhefan , Le Yanqing , Zou Fei , Cai Shaoxi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLoss of airway epithelial integrity contributes significantly to asthma pathogenesis. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) may have dual immunoregulatory roles. In inflammatory disorders of the bowel, the long isoform of TSLP (lfTSLP) promotes inflammation while the short isoform (sfTSLP) inhibits inflammation. We hypothesize that lfTSLP contributes to house dust mite (HDM)-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and that synthetic sfTSLP can prevent these effects.In vitro, airway epithelial barrier function was assessed by monitoring transepithelial electrical resistance, fluorescent-dextran permeability, and distribution of E-cadherin and β-catenin.In vivo, BALB/c mice were exposed to HDM by nasal inhalation for 5 consecutive days per week to establish an asthma model. sfTSLP and 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) were administered 1 h before HDM exposure. After 8 weeks, animal lung function tests and pathological staining were performed to evaluate asthma progression. We found that HDM and lfTSLP impaired barrier function. Treatment with sfTSLP and 1,25D3 prevented HDM-induced airway epithelial barrier disruption. Moreover, sfTSLP and 1,25D3 treatment ameliorated HDM-induced asthma in mice. Our data emphasize the importance of the different expression patterns and biological properties of sfTSLP and lfTSLP. Moreover, our results indicate that sfTSLP and 1,25D3 may serve as novel therapeutic agents for individualized treatment of asthma.
Cognitive control activity is modulated by the magnitude of interference and pre-activation of monitoring mechanisms
Authors: Cespón Jesús , Galdo-Álvarez Santiago , Díaz Fernando 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Simon task is used to study interference from irrelevant spatial information. Interference is manifested by longer reaction times when the required response –based on non-spatial features- is spatially incompatible with stimulus position. Interference is greater when incompatible trials are preceded by compatible trials (compatible-incompatible sequence) than when they are preceded by incompatible trials (incompatible-incompatible sequence). However, the relationships between spatial attention, interference and cognitive control have not been investigated. In the present study, we distinguished three experimental conditions according to sequential effects: same mappings (SM, compatible-compatible/incompatible-incompatible sequences: low interference), opposite mappings (OM, compatible-incompatible/incompatible-compatible sequences: high interference) and unrelated mappings (UM, central-compatible/central-incompatible sequences: intermediate interference). The negativity central contralateral (N2cc, a correlate of prevention of spatial response tendencies) was larger in OM than in SM, indicating greater cognitive control for greater interference. Furthermore, N2cc was larger in UM than in SM/OM, indicating lower neural efficiency for suppressing spatial tendencies of the response after central trials. Attentional processes (negativity posterior contralateral) were also delayed in UM relative to SM/OM, suggesting attentional facilitation by similar sets of attentional shifts in successive trials. Overall, the present findings showed that cognitive control is modulated by the magnitude of interference and pre-activation of monitoring mechanisms.
CAPD Is Classified in ICD-10 as H93.25 and Hearing Evaluation—Not Screening—Should Be Implemented in Children With Verified Communication and/or Listening Deficits
Authors: Iliadou Vasiliki (Vivian) , Sirimanna Tony , Bamiou Doris-Eva 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe article “It Is Time to Rethink Central Auditory Processing Disorder Protocols for School-Aged Children” (DeBonis, 2015) appeared in theAmerican Journal of Audiologyas a tutorial. The author used the argument made by Cowan, Rosen, and Moore (2009), referring to central auditory processing disorder (CAPD), that “such impairments have not been shown to uniquely contribute to a clearly defined condition that would warrant its inclusion inanyof the major disease classification systems” (emphasis added; p. 129). However, CAPD is included in the U.S. version of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems–10th Revision (ICD-10) under the code H93.25; this was not mentioned in the article by DeBonis. We would like to point out some additional omissions of this tutorial that may bias its conclusions.
Lexical Ambiguity Resolution Using Discourse Contexts in Persons With and Without Aphasia
Authors: Henderson Amy , Wright Heather Harris 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of persons with aphasia (PWA) to resolve different types of ambiguous words (homophones, metaphors, and metonyms) in discourse contexts.MethodSix PWA and 10 controls listened to short discourses that biased either the dominant (more frequent) or subordinate (less frequent) version of an ambiguous word as well as nonsense (filler) discourses. Participants then indicated whether or not the final sentence, which contained the ambiguity, made sense in the discourse. Data for both accuracy and reaction time were collected.ResultsThere was no significant Group × Word Type × Frequency interaction in the reaction time data. In the accuracy analysis, there was a significant Group × Frequency × Word Type interaction, which appeared to be driven by the PWA's relative accuracy with subordinate homophones and relative inaccuracy with subordinate metaphors.ConclusionsThese results suggest that PWA were able to use discourse contexts to resolve subordinate versions of literal ambiguous words but have difficulty resolving metaphoric ambiguous words. Further investigations should be done to clarify how much context PWA require to successfully resolve lexical ambiguities.
Cross-Linguistic Differences in a Picture-Description Task Between Korean- and English-Speaking Individuals With Aphasia
Authors: Sung Jee Eun , DeDe Gayle , Lee Soo Eun 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to examine cross-linguistic differences in a picture-description task between Korean- and English-speaking individuals with Broca's and anomic aphasia to determine whether a variation exists in the use of verbs and nouns across the language and aphasia groups.

Method

Forty-eight individuals (male = 29; female = 19) participated in the study (
n
= 28 for aphasic group and
n
= 20 healthy controls). Data for English speakers were obtained from the Aphasia Bank Project. We used the picture-description task to obtain connected speech samples and analyzed noun- and verb-related linguistic variables.

Results
Korean speakers with aphasia produced more verbs per utterance and a lower noun-to-verb ratio than English speakers with aphasia, whereas English speakers produced more nouns than Korean speakers. The Korean anomic group produced more verbs than Korean speakers with Broca's aphasia, whereas no effects were significant for English speakers with aphasia depending on the type of aphasia.

Conclusions
Aphasia symptoms vary as a function of linguistic features of languages that individuals with aphasia used premorbidly. Furthermore, the linguistic characteristics of the individual's language influenced aphasia symptoms more strongly than the type of aphasia. It is theoretically and clinically important that this cross-linguistic study provides different perspectives, and that noun–verb deficits may vary depending on linguistic features.
Looking for a Location: Dissociated Effects of Event-Related Plausibility and Verb–Argument Information on Predictive Processing in Aphasia
Authors: Hayes Rebecca A. , Dickey Michael Walsh , Warren Tessa 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThis study examined the influence of verb–argument information and event-related plausibility on prediction of upcoming event locations in people with aphasia, as well as older and younger, neurotypical adults. It investigated how these types of information interact during anticipatory processing and how the ability to take advantage of the different types of information is affected by aphasia.MethodThis study used a modified visual-world task to examine eye movements and offline photo selection. Twelve adults with aphasia (aged 54–82 years) as well as 44 young adults (aged 18–31 years) and 18 older adults (aged 50–71 years) participated.ResultsNeurotypical adults used verb argument status and plausibility information to guide both eye gaze (a measure of anticipatory processing) and image selection (a measure of ultimate interpretation). Argument status did not affect the behavior of people with aphasia in either measure. There was only limited evidence of interaction between these 2 factors in eye gaze data.ConclusionsBoth event-related plausibility and verb-based argument status contributed to anticipatory processing of upcoming event locations among younger and older neurotypical adults. However, event-related likelihood had a much larger role in the performance of people with aphasia than did verb-based knowledge regarding argument structure.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963553