bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ‘I’ in extreme responding
Authors: Cabooter Elke , Millet Kobe , Weijters Bert , Pandelaere Mario 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe investigate the impact of self‐construal on extreme responding in six studies. The results show that people with an independent self‐construal generally answer more extremely to survey items than those with an interdependent self‐construal, especially when the items are self‐relevant (Studies 1a and 1b) and when these items are fluently processed (Study 3). Using an experimental causal chain design, this research also demonstrates that self‐concept clarity drives the effect of self‐construal on extreme responding. In particular, people with an independent self‐construal have a higher level of self‐concept clarity (Study 2a), and self‐clarity leads to an extreme response style (Study 2b). In Study 4, we demonstrate that the difference in extreme responding can partly explain a well‐established self‐construal effect, and we offer a solution to control for the bias in extreme responding in self‐construal research.
Improving fascin inhibitors to block tumor cell migration and metastasis
Authors: Han Shaoqin , Huang Jianyun , Liu Bingqian , Xing Bowen , Bordeleau Francois , Reinhart-King Cynthia A. , Li Wenxin , Zhang J. Jillian , Huang Xin-Yun 
Published: April 2016

Tumor metastasis is the major cause of mortality of cancer patients, being responsible for ∼90% of all cancer deaths. One of the key steps during tumor metastasis is tumor cell migration which requires actin cytoskeletal reorganization. Among the critical actin cytoskeletal protrusion structures are antenna‐like filopodia. Fascin protein is the main actin‐bundling protein in filopodia. Here we report the development of fascin‐specific small‐molecules that inhibit the interaction between fascin and actin. These inhibitors block the in vitro actin‐binding and actin‐bundling activities of fascin, tumor cell migration and tumor metastasis in mouse models. Mechanistically, these inhibitors likely occupy one of the actin‐binding sites, reduce the binding of actin filaments, and thus lead to the inhibition of the bundling activity of fascin. At the cellular level, these inhibitors impair actin cytoskeletal reorganization. Our data indicate that target‐specific anti‐fascin agents will have great potential for treating metastatic tumors.
Assessing reliability of short and tick box forms of the ANU‐ADRI: Convenient alternatives of a self‐report Alzheimer's disease risk assessment
Authors: Kim Sarang , Cherbuin Nicolas , Anstey Kaarin J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionTo assess the reliability of short versions of the Australian National University Alzheimer's Disease Risk Index (ANU‐ADRI).MethodsA short form of the ANU‐ADRI (ANU‐ADRI‐SF) was developed by assessing risk and protective factors with single questions where possible and with short forms of sub‐questionnaires where available. The tick box form of the ANU‐ADRI (ANU‐ADRI‐TB) was developed with unique questions for each risk and protective factor for Alzheimer's disease. The short versions were evaluated in an independent community sample of 504 participants with a mean age of 45.01 (SD = 14.85, range = 18–81).ResultsThe short versions demonstrated high reliabilities when compared with the ANU‐ADRI. However, the proportion of misclassification was high for some risk factors and particularly for the ANU‐ADRI‐TB.DiscussionThe ANU‐ADRI‐SF may be considered if less reliable questions from the ANU‐ADRI‐SF can be replaced with more reliable questions from the ANU‐ADRI for risk/protective factors with high misclassification.
Probabilistic estimation of short sequence expression using RNA-Seq data and the “positional bootstrap”
Authors: Xiong Hui Y. , Lee Leo J. , Bretschneider Hannes , Gao Jiexin , Jojic Nebojsa , Frey Brendan J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWhen estimating expression of a transcript or part of a transcript using RNA-seq data, it is commonly assumed that reads are generated uniformly from positions within the transcript. While this assumption is acceptable for long transcript sequences where reads from many positions are averaged, it frequently leads to large errors for short sequences,e.g., less than 100 bp. Analysis of short sequences, such as when studying splice junctions and microRNAs, is increasingly important and necessitates addressing errors in short-sequence expression estimation. Indeed, when we examined RNA-seq data from diverse studies, we found that large errors are introduced by variations in RNA-seq coverage due to sequence content, experimental conditions and sample preparation.We developed a technique that we call the positional bootstrap, which quantifies the level of uncertainty in expression induced by non-uniform coverage. Unlike methods that attempt to correct for biases in coverage, but do so by making strong assumptions about the form of those biases, the positional bootstrap can quantify the noise induced by all types of bias, including unknown ones. Results obtained using independently generated RNA-seq datasets show that the positional bootstrap increases the accuracy of estimates of alternative splicing levels, tissue-differential alternative splicing and tissue differential expression, by a factor of up to 10.A Python implementation of the algorithm to quantify splicing levels is freely available from github.com/PSI-Lab/BENTO-Seq.
The CARD-CC/Bcl10/paracaspase signaling complex is functionally conserved since the last common ancestor of Planulozoa
Authors: Staal Jens , Driege Yasmine , Borghi Alice , Hulpiau Paco , Lievens Laurens , Gul Ismail Sahin , Sundararaman Srividhya , Gonçalves Amanda , Dhondt Ineke , Braeckman Bart P. , Technau Ulrich , Saeys Yvan , van Roy Frans , Beyaert Rudi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractType 1 paracaspases originated in the Ediacaran geological period before the last common ancestor of bilaterians and cnidarians (Planulozoa). Cnidarians have several paralog type 1 paracaspases, type 2 paracaspases, and a homolog of Bcl10. Notably in bilaterians, lineages like nematodes and insects lack Bcl10 whereas other lineages such as vertebrates, hemichordates, annelids and mollusks have a Bcl10 homolog. A survey of invertebrate CARD-coiled-coil (CC) domain homologs of CARMA/CARD9 revealed such homologs only in species with Bcl10, indicating an ancient co-evolution of the entire CARD-CC/Bcl10/MALT1-like paracaspase (CBM) complex. Furthermore, vertebrate-like Syk/Zap70 tyrosine kinase homologs with the ITAM-binding SH2 domain were found in invertebrate organisms with CARD-CC/Bcl10, indicating that this pathway might be the original user of the CBM complex. We also established that the downstream signaling proteins TRAF2 and TRAF6 are functionally conserved in Cnidaria. There also seems to be a correlation where invertebrates with CARD-CC and Bcl10 have type 1 paracaspases which are more similar to the paracaspases found in vertebrates. A proposed evolutionary scenario includes at least two ancestral type 1 paracaspase paralogs in the planulozoan last common ancestor, where at least one paralog usually is dependent on CARD-CC/Bcl10 for its function. Functional analyses of invertebrate type 1 paracaspases and Bcl10 homologs support this scenario and indicate an ancient origin of the CARD-CC/Bcl10/paracaspase signaling complex. Results from cnidarians, nematodes and mice also suggest an ancient neuronal role for the type 1 paracaspases.
Peculiar hybrid genomes of devastating plant pests promote plasticity in the absence of sex and meiosis
Authors: Blanc-Mathieu Romain , Perfus-Barbeoch Laetitia , Aury Jean-Marc , Da Rocha Martine , Gouzy Jérôme , Sallet Erika , Martin-Jimenez Cristina , Castagnone-Sereno Philippe , Flot Jean-François , Kozlowski Djampa K , Cazareth Julie , Couloux Arnaud , Da Silva Corinne , Guy Julie , Rancurel Corinne , Schiex Thomas , Abad Pierre , Wincker Patrick , Danchin Etienne G.J. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTRoot-knot nematodes (genusMeloidogyne) show an intriguing diversity of reproductive modes ranging from obligatory sexual to fully asexual reproduction. Intriguingly, the most damaging species to the world agriculture are those that reproduce without meiosis and without sex. To understand this parasitic success despite the absence of sex and genetic exchanges, we have sequenced and assembled the genomes of 3 obligatory ameiotic asexualMeloidogynespecies and have compared them to those of meiotic relatives with facultative or obligatory asexual reproduction. Our comparative genomic analysis shows that obligatory asexual root-knot nematodes have a higher abundance of transposable elements (TE) compared to the facultative sexual and contain duplicated regions with a high within-species average nucleotide divergence of 8%. Phylogenomic analysis of the genes present in these duplicated regions suggests that they originated from multiple hybridization events. The average nucleotide divergence in the coding portions between duplicated regions is ~5-6 % and we detected diversifying selection between the corresponding gene copies. Genes under diversifying selection covered a wide spectrum of predicted functional categories which suggests a high impact of the genome structure at the functional level. Contrasting with high within-species nuclear genome divergence, mitochondrial genome divergence between the three ameiotic asexuals was very low, suggesting that these putative hybrids share a recent common maternal donor lineage. The intriguing parasitic success of mitotic root-knot nematodes in the absence of sex may be partly explained by TE-rich composite genomes resulting from multiple allo-polyploidization events and promoting plasticity in the absence of sex.
The post‐2015 landscape: vested interests, corporate social responsibility and public health advocacy
Authors: Herrick Clare 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper explores the tensions between UN calls for private sector engagement in the post‐2015 landscape and public health opposition to those ‘harm industries’ that are ‘corporate vectors of disease’ for the mounting global non‐communicable disease burden. The UN's support for public‐private partnership has provided industries with ‘vested interests’ in the propagation of unhealthy behaviours with new opportunities for the strategic alignment of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) endeavours with the post‐2015 sustainable development agenda. This has galvanised public health advocates to place pressure on the World Health Organisation to formalise their ambiguous stance towards private sector involvement in public policy formation and the resultant ‘conflicts of interest’. This paper critically examines the ‘gathering storm’ between this ‘anti‐corporate movement’ and the alcohol industry in the increasingly politicised domain of CSR. Drawing on the example of SABMiller's Tavern Intervention Program, the paper argues that CSR represents a profound threat to the sanctity and moral authority of the public health worldview. Questions therefore need to be asked about whether the public health‐led path of industry non‐association will necessarily result in health improvements or just a further retrenchment of the ideological faultlines explored in the paper.
Drinking Patterns Across Spring, Summer, and Fall in 462 University Students
Authors: Schuckit Marc A. , Smith Tom L. , Clausen Peyton , Skidmore Jessica , Shafir Alexandra , Kalmijn Jelger 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundStudent heavy drinking and associated problems are common at most universities and fluctuate throughout the calendar year, with marked increases during celebrations. Most studies of student drinking are limited to the academic year itself, and relatively few focus specifically on special heavy drinking events. Even fewer studies include drinking during summer break and subsequent school return.MethodsIn the context of an experimental protocol, beginning in January 2014, alcohol‐related characteristics were evaluated 8 times over 55 weeks for 462 college freshmen, including periods that incorporated a campus festival, summer, and school return. Baseline predictors of drinking quantities over time included demography, substance use patterns, as well as environmental and attitudinal characteristics. Product–moment correlations evaluated relationships between baseline characteristics and subsequent quantities, and simultaneous entry regression analyses evaluated which characteristics most robustly predicted usual and maximum drinks over time.ResultsMaximum drinks per occasion increased 18% from the early spring (4/8/14 to 5/6/14) to the campus festival period (5/7/14 to 6/3/14), decreased 29% in the summer (7/8/14 to 8/5/14), and increased 31% on school return (10/7/14 to 11/4/14). The most robust predictors of higher quantities in regression analyses included items from each of the 3 major domains with the most consistent results seen for most baseline alcohol‐related items and descriptive drinking norms (R2 = 0.20 to 0.31).ConclusionsThese data demonstrate important changes in students’ drinking during the calendar year, including expected large increases during the month of a 1‐day festival, large decreases over the summer, and resumption of relatively high quantities upon return to school.
Employment Status, Depression, Drinking, and Alcohol Use Disorder in Puerto Rico
Authors: Caetano Raul , Vaeth Patrice A. C. , Mills Britain , Canino Glorisa 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundOur aim was to examine the association between employment status, depression, drinking, binge drinking, and DSM‐5 alcohol use disorder in Puerto Rico.MethodsData are from a 2013 to 2014 household random sample of individuals 18 to 64 years of age in San Juan, Puerto Rico.ResultsBivariate analyses showed that depression was 5 times higher among unemployed males than among those employed full time (21% vs. 4%) and 2 times higher among unemployed females compared to those employed part time or full time (18% vs. 7% and 9%). Employment status was not associated with weekly volume of drinking, but nonparticipation in the workforce was protective against drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03 to 4.57; p < 0.05) and binge drinking (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.39 to 0.97; p < 0.05). This association could be due to the fact that those not in the work force may not be working due to sickness or disability. Male gender was a factor of risk for being a current drinker (OR = 2; 95% CI = 1.53 to 2.6; p < 0.001) and binge drinking (OR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.29 to 2.2; p < 0.001). Male gender was protective against depression (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.73; p < 0.01), but males employed only part time were almost 5 times more likely than females employed full time to be depressed (OR = 4.66; 95% CI = 1.25 to 17.38; p < 0.05).ConclusionsEmployment status in Puerto Rico is associated with depression and with current drinking, but not with other alcohol‐related outcomes. Perhaps Puerto Rico is a “wet” environment, where drinking is already at a relatively high level that is not affected by employment status. Perhaps the chronic high rate of unemployment in the island has also created familial (e.g., support) and personal level accommodations (e.g., participation in the informal economy) that do not include increased drinking.
Marine protected areas increase resilience among coral reef communities
Authors: Mellin Camille , Aaron MacNeil M. , Cheal Alistair J. , Emslie Michael J. , Julian Caley M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWith marine biodiversity declining globally at accelerating rates, maximising the effectiveness of conservation has become a key goal for local, national and international regulators. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been widely advocated for conserving and managing marine biodiversity yet, despite extensive research, their benefits for conserving non‐target species and wider ecosystem functions remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate thatMPAs can increase the resilience of coral reef communities to natural disturbances, including coral bleaching, coral diseases,Acanthaster plancioutbreaks and storms. Using a 20‐year time series from Australia's Great Barrier Reef, we show that withinMPAs, (1) reef community composition was 21–38% more stable; (2) the magnitude of disturbance impacts was 30% lower and (3) subsequent recovery was 20% faster that in adjacent unprotected habitats. Our results demonstrate thatMPAs can increase the resilience of marine communities to natural disturbance possibly through herbivory, trophic cascades and portfolio effects.
Adequacy Study on a Regional Airport to Achieve Energy Efficiency in a Renewable Form
Authors: Da Rosa Artur Rech , Villas-Boas Valquíria 
Published: April 2016

Environmental sustainability is the use of the environment, giving it opportunity to regenerate, or finding ways to replace the environmental occupation by renewable means. In this context, the Caxias do Sul Regional Airport, which is a transport service provider to the Serra Gaucha region, can act as the concept of sustainable development, provided that there is the integration of environmental criteria in economic practice. In this context, photogeneration presents itself as an alternative to meet its energy demand making it sustainable from the point of view of this resource. In this paper, the airport demand for this type of energy, the PV plant design and analysis of economic viability are determined. The implementation of this system can save the airport 420,248.73 R$/year and it can generate the equivalent of R$ 235,653.74 / year in energy credits, being economically viable. This development, besides sustaining an image of green airport, can generate jobs for specialists in the field and can encourage and propagate the idea of using renewable energy. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v4iss1p21
Molecular Dissection of Chromatin Maturation via Click Chemistry
Authors: Yildirim Ozlem , Kingston Robert E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDNA synthesis and chromatin assembly are the two most critical processes of eukaryotic cell division. It is well known that their coordination is tightly regulated. Although the interplay between DNA and its higher‐order chromatin state is integral for many processes, including cell survival and genome stability, little is known about the re‐establishment of chromatin structure during the cell cycle. Moreover, the extent to which the fidelity of the newly synthesized chromatin plays a role in the maintenance of cellular identity is still under debate. Here, we present a novel approach to purify nascent chromatin from the replication fork. In this protocol, we take advantage of click chemistry, a method that allows efficient conjugation of azide‐containing biotin molecules to ethynyl‐labeled nucleic acids. Using this approach, we selectively enrich biotin‐nucleic acid conjugates via streptavidin affinity purification to pull down and assess chromatin states as well as chromatin‐bound complexes from newly replicated DNA fragments. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Differentiation and Characterization of Tr1 Cells
Authors: Chihara Norio , Madi Asaf , Karwacz Katarzyna , Awasthi Amit , Kuchroo Vijay K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRegulatory T cell–mediated suppression serves as a pivotal mechanism of negative regulation of immune‐mediated inflammation. Type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1 cells) are an important subset of CD4+ T cells that prevent excessive inflammatory responses and maintain immune tolerance. The anti‐inflammatory role of Tr1 cells is mediated in part by their production of interleukin 10 (IL‐10), which dampens the function of both antigen‐presenting cells and antigen‐specific effector T cells. Additionally, Tr1 cells can kill effector and myeloid cells through the perforin‐granzyme B pathway. Adoptive transfer of in vitro differentiated Tr1 cells can be used to suppress autoimmune tissue inflammation in vivo. This unit describes the in vitro stimulation of naïve murine CD4+ T cells using IL‐27 to generate IL‐10–producing Tr1 cells. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In Vivo Depletion of T Lymphocytes
Authors: Laky Karen , Kruisbeek Ada M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn vivo depletion of T lymphocytes is a means of studying the role of specific T cell populations during defined phases of in vivo immune responses. In this unit, a protocol is provided for injecting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) into wild‐type adult mice. Depletion of the appropriate subset of cells is verified by flow cytometry analysis of lymph node and spleen cell suspensions in pilot experiments. Once conditions have been established, depleted mice can be used to study the impact of T cell subsets on a variety of in vivo immune responses. The depleted condition may be maintained by repeated injections of the monoclonal antibody, or reversed by normal thymopoiesis following discontinuation of antibody administration. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mouse Models for Immune‐Mediated Platelet Destruction or Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Authors: Neschadim Anton , Branch Donald R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a debilitating, life‐threatening autoimmune disorder affecting more than 4 in every 100,000 adults annually, stemming from the production of antiplatelet antibody resulting in accelerated platelet destruction and thrombocytopenia. Numerous animal models of ITP have been developed that contributed to the basic understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ITP onset, progression, and maintenance. Rodent models that develop ITP spontaneously, or by passive transfer of an antiplatelet sera or antibody, play an instrumental role in the investigation of ITP mechanisms responsible for the breakdown of tolerance in human ITP, in studies of the immunopathology underlying the progression of platelet destruction, and in elucidation of the mechanisms of therapeutic amelioration of ITP by existing and new therapeutic modalities. This unit captures the protocols for the implementation and readout of passive antibody transfer mouse models of ITP, established by the infusion of a commercially‐available monoclonal rat anti‐mouse CD41 platelet antibody. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: VAPOR‐DENSITY DETERMINATIONS OF GROUP 5 PENTAFLUORIDES
Authors: FAWCETT J. , HEWITT A. J. , HOLLOWAY J. H. , STEPHEN M. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractÜber Dampfdichtebe‐ Stimmungen nach einer modifizierten Dumas‐Methode werden die mittleren Molekulargewichte der gesättigten Dämpfe von NbF5, TaFs und SbFS oberhalb ihrer Siedepunkte bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE GALVANOSTATIC STUDY OF BROMINE‐ACTIVE CARBON ELECTRODE IN FUSED SALTS
Authors: STERNBERG S. , GALASIU I. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie anodischen und kathodischen Polarisationskurven (da‐t) der Brom‐Kohlenstoffelektrode in eutektischen AgBr/KBr‐Schmelzen zwischen 400 und 700°C werden galvanostatisch bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ANODIC OXIDATION OF ZIRCONIUM. I. GROWTH STRESSES IN ANODIC ZIRCONIA FILMS
Authors: ARCHIBALD L. C. , LEACH J. S. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Spannungen in anodisch auf Zr gebildeten ZrOQ‐Filmen hängen nicht nur von der Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit, sondern auch von der Gegenwart von F′‐Ionen in der Oberflächenschicht ab.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOREDUCTION OF SILVER ION IN AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS
Authors: HADA H. , YONEZAWA Y. , YOSHIDA A. , KURAKAKE A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWäßrige und alkoholische Lösungen von AgClO4 werden mit Licht der Wellenlänge 253,7 nm photolysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND INTERCONVERSION OF THE ISOMERIC α‐ AND β‐MOLYBDATE (MO8O264‐) IONS
Authors: KLEMPERER W. G. , SHUM W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei Zugabe der Verbindungen R4NX (R: CH3, C,H5, n‐C3H7, n‐C4H9; X: Cl, Br) zu einer angesäuerten wäßrigen Na‐molybdatlösung (pH 3‐4) fallen reine Isomere wie z.B. α‐(n‐C4H9)4Mo8O,6 (I) aus.