bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Documentary incursions into New Zealand’s multiculturalism: The case of Here to Stay
Authors: Fresno-Calleja Paloma 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article examines the New Zealand television documentary series Here to Stay (2007–2008) and its construction of Pacific, Chinese and Indian identities in the context of New Zealand’s multiculturalism. It argues that the series introduces new ways of looking at the country’s multicultural make-up, which appear to suggest a shift from previous documentary productions, but eventually makes a number of slippages in its presentation of such communities that continue to reinforce similar notions of national identity. I consider three aspects in particular: the contradictions between the celebratory and the critical contents of the narrative; the simultaneous construction of Chinese, Pacific or Indian identities as both diverse and homogeneous; and the tensions between the series’ superficial construction of multiculturalism and the narrative’s explicit or implicit critique of such constructions. Whereas these ambivalences seem to reflect official approaches to the management of multiculturalism, revealing the unresolved tensions between the requirements of commercial television and the role of documentary in the formation of national identity, I argue that they can nevertheless serve to engage viewers in a critical revision of superficial constructions of the multicultural.
Reviews
Authors: Huntington Eleanor , Hassler-Forest Dan , Jones Stephanie , Taddeo Julie Anne 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Tribal Television: Viewing Native People in Sitcoms, Dustin Tahmahkera (2014) Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 262 pp., ISBN: 9781469618685, p/bk, $27.95
Saturday Night Live and American TV, Nick Marx, Matt Sienkiewicz and Ron Becker (eds) (2013) Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 294 pp., ISBN: 9780253010827, p/bk, $25; ISBN: 9780253010773, cloth, $70; ISBN: 9780253010902, e-book, $21.99
Masculinity in Contemporary Quality Television, Michael Mario Albrecht (2015) Farnham: Ashgate, 133 pp., ISBN: 9781409469728, p/bk, £60.00
Edwardians on Screen: From Downton Abb ey to Parade’s End, Katherine Byrne (2015) Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 173 pp., ISBN: 1137467886, h/bk, £60.00
Seleção de rizobactérias como promotoras de crescimento em melancia
Authors: Leite Pais Ana Karolina , Rodrigues da Silva Jessica , Campos Alencar Fernanda , Peixoto Ana Rosa , Cardoso de Souza Joselita , Da Paz Cristiane Domingos 
Published: April 2016

As bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (BPCP) são encontradas aderidas ao solo ou colonizando a superfície de raízes de muitas culturas, aumentando a sua produtividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar bactérias provenientes de solos cultivados com cucurbitáceas e avaliar o seu efeito no desenvolvimento de plântulas de melancia cv. Crimson Sweet. Após o isolamento das bactérias, procedeu-se a caracterização fenotípica e o agrupamento pelo método UPGMA com base no coeficiente de Bray-Curtis. Na avaliação da eficiência na promoção de crescimento, os tratamentos consistiram de 44 isolados bacterianos e a testemunha, utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. Inoculou-se cada isolado bacteriano na concentração de 4,5 x 10-8 UFC.mL-1 nas sementes, durante 24 horas. As testemunhas foram imersas em água destilada e esterilizada pelo mesmo período de tempo. Decorridos 20 dias após a semeadura, avaliou-se o comprimento e a biomassa seca da parte aérea e radicular. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott, a 5% de significância. Dos 44 isolados bacterianos, o dendrograma permitiu a formação de 29 grupos distintos a 80% de similaridade. O isolado UNEB 55 proporcionou aumento no comprimento e biomassa seca da parte aérea e radicular da melancia. Os isolados UNEB 05, UNEB 27, UNEB 53 e UNEB 57 induziram aumento no comprimento da parte aérea, sem efeito deletério nas demais variáveis. Esses resultados indicam que estes isolados poderão ser utilizados como promotores de crescimento em melancia.
Flats in Spaces with Convex Geodesic
Bicombings
Authors: Descombes Dominic , Lang Urs 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In spaces of nonpositive curvature the existence of isometrically embedded flat (hyper)planes is
often granted by apparently weaker conditions on large scales.We show that some such results remain valid
for metric spaces with non-unique geodesic segments under suitable convexity assumptions on the distance
function along distinguished geodesics. The discussion includes, among other things, the Flat Torus Theorem
and Gromov’s hyperbolicity criterion referring to embedded planes. This generalizes results of Bowditch for
Busemann spaces.
Information and Inflation: An Analysis of Grading Behavior
Authors: Lehr Brandon 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
I study the impact on grades assigned at Occidental College, a selective private liberal arts college, following the introduction of a policy that provides information about average grades across campus to instructors each semester. Using transcript level data from 2009 to 2014, I find that after the information provision, previously below average grading courses increased grades by 0.08 grade points more than the previously above average grading courses. This finding of grade compression holds across all course levels and divisions, expect for in the sciences. With respect to students, the relative increase in grades in the previously low grading courses disproportionately benefited Black and Hispanic students relative to White and Asian students. In addition, the grade distribution shifted with previously below average grading courses increasing the share of A’s and decreasing the share of B’s and C’s following the grade information provision.
On the Economics of the “Meeting Competition Defense” Under the Robinson–Patman Act
Authors: Aguirre Iñaki 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper studies the welfare effects of third-degree price discrimination when competitive pressure varies across markets. In particular, we study the economic aspects of the Robinson–Patman Act associated with the “meeting competition defense.” Using equilibrium models, the main result we find is that this defense might be used successfully in cases of primary line injury precisely when it should not be used, namely when price discrimination reduces social welfare. This result obtains both when discrimination appears in the final good market and when it is used in the intermediate goods market. We also find that these results may maintain under secondary line injury.
Oxide-Based Thermoelectric Generator for High-Temperature Application Using p-Type Ca3Co4O9 and n-Type In1.95Sn0.05O3 Legs
Authors: Bittner Michael , Geppert Benjamin , Kanas Nikola , Singh Sathya Prakash , Wiik Kjell , Feldhoff Armin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A thermoelectric generator couples an entropy current with an electrical current in a way, that thermal energy is transformed to electrical energy. Hereby the thermoelectric energy conversion can be described in terms of fluxes of entropy and electric charge at locally different temperature and electric potential. Crucial for the function of a thermoelectric generator is the sign and strength of the coupling between the entropy current and the electrical current in the thermoelectric materials. For high-temperature application, tin-doped indium oxide (In1.95Sn0.05O3) and misfit-layered calcium cobalt oxide (Ca3Co4O9) ceramics were used as n- and p-type legs. The n-type material reaches a power factor of

6.8

μ
W

⋅

c

m

−
1

⋅

K

−
2

$$6.8\,{\rm{\mu W}} \cdot {\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^{- 1}} \cdot {{\rm{K}}^{- 2}}$$

at 1,073 K and a figure of merit ZT of 0.07. The p-type material reaches

1.23

μ
W

⋅

c

m

−
1

⋅

K

−
2

$$1.23\,{{\rm \mu W}} \cdot {\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^{- 1}} \cdot {{\rm{K}}^{- 2}}$$

and a figure of merit ZT of 0.21 at 1,073 K. A thermoelectric generator consisting of ten legs was characterized for different invested temperatures. It delivers 4.8 mW maximum power output and a electrical power density of

2.13

m
W
×
c

m

−
2

$$2.13\,{\rm{mW \times c}}{{\rm{m}}^{{\rm{- 2}}}}$$

when the hot side is at 1,073 K and a temperature difference of 113 K is applied.
Checking Default Correlation and Score Correlation in a Breakpoint Model for Rating Classification
Authors: Tillich Daniel 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In credit risk, debtors with different creditworthiness are divided into rating classes.
One problem is to define the borders of the rating classes.
A natural way to estimate these breakpoints from default observations comes out of the field of change point analysis. In order to account for dependency between the debtors, the literature proposes a combination of a breakpoint model with a one-factor model.
One finds strongly consistent estimators for the threshold of the rating classes and the corresponding default probabilities, also called risk levels.
But an investigation of the inherent model properties is as yet missing.
For this reason we derive the default correlation and study its relationship to the model parameters, i.e., the breakpoint, the risk levels, and a new correlation term, named score correlation, appearing in a simulation study.
Eventually, we check the magnitude of the score correlation used in the simulation study.
Owner-Managed UK Corporate Start-Ups: An Exploratory Study of Financing and Failure
Authors: Peel Michael J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAfter highlighting the importance of small companies to the UK economy, new archival evidence is provided from an exploratory study which investigates the financing and failure of 21,147 UK single owner-managed (OM) corporate start-ups. Relative to comparable US survey evidence, UK OM corporate start-ups rely very heavily on debt financing from inception, with minimal equity being injected by owners and with retained earnings making only a modest contribution to initial financing. Financial gearing is found to be an important determinant of failure after controlling for company-specific and owner characteristics. Interestingly, the results indicate that foreign-owned company start-ups are less failure prone. Based on the empirical findings of the study and that of extant research, a number of suggested avenues for future research are discussed.
Two Element Magneto-Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Angle Diversity
Authors: Mohit Kumar , Gupta Vibha Rani , Rout S.K. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In the present work two element magneto-dielectric resonator antenna configuration, designed using two different magneto-dielectric (MD) materials, separated by a distance of quarter wavelength (λ/4) and half wavelength (λ/2) has proposed. These materials have been designed such that their temperature coefficient value approaches to zero. The microwave dielectric constant (εr) and permeability (μr) of both materials are calculated by Nicholson-Ross-Weir conversion technique and found to be 8.02, 1.64 and 10.47, 1.52, respectively. For the inter element separation of λ/4 and λ/2, the first resonant frequencies of proposed antenna are 5.75 GHz and 5.78 GHz and showing penta-directional and tri-directional radiation patterns characteristics respectively. This property can be utilized for the diversity scheme to mitigate the problem of fading.
Energy vs. Cyclostationarity-based Detection of Random Arrival and Departure of LTE SC-FDMA Signals for Cognitive Radio Systems
Authors: Atef Ibrahim , Eltholth Ashraf , El-Soudani M. S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In cognitive radio systems, the random nature of primary users’ activities heavily influences the performance of spectrum sensing techniques. Considering both of the primary user random arrival and departure in one model is essential for mitigating the performance degradation in spectrum sensing. In this paper, we apply the probability based weighting energy detector (ED) to overcome the effect of random arrival and departure of primary user (PU), on a single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) signal used in LTE uplink physical channel. Then compare the performance of weighted ED to the second order Cyclostationarity detector with/without the random arrival and departure of primary user signal during the secondary user’s sensing period. The simulation shows that the weighting ED approaches the performance of Cyclostationarity detector in the normal case, where there are no random activities of primary user signals during the secondary user’s sensing period, with less computational complexity. Moreover, the weighted ED outperforms the Cyclostationarity detector in the case of random arrival and departure of PU.
Circulation types classification for hourly precipitation events in Lublin (East Poland)
Authors: Bartoszek Krzysztof , Skiba Dominika 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe paper presents an objective classification of circulation types for East-Central Europe with application to hourly precipitation events in Lublin (East Poland) from May to September. The development of the classification utilized sub-daily sea-level pressure values (at the main standard synoptic hours,
Factors influencing the decision of whether to retire or extend one’s employment
Authors: Skučiene Daiva , Moskvina Julija 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper aims to establish which factors influence whether people in eastern/central European countries decide to continue in paid work or retire. The situation in Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and Slovakia in 2010 is analysed. In order to pursue this aim, the following objectives were set: firstly, to analyse previous research on the topic, secondly, to evaluate factors influencing people’s decisions on whether to continue in paid work or retire in selected eastern/central European countries, and, finally, to conclude. Secondary analysis was conducted in order to pursue the research aim. Sources of data include European Social Survey Round 5 (2010) data, Eurostat, and MISSOC. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data. The extent to which a person is willing to engage in work on reaching the legal age of retirement is analysed in relation to economic situation, state of health, and working conditions.
An intervention crossing two types of action planning with mental simulation for the promotion of physical activity among adolescents
Authors: Koka Andre 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground:Four of every five adolescents do not meet the current physical activity (PA) recommendations. Therefore, there is a need for effective interventions that promote PA behavior among adolescents.Objective:The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated theory-based intervention to promote leisure-time PA (LTPA) among adolescents over a 1-month follow-up period.Methods: Following the completion of self-reported LTPA at baseline, 316 adolescents aged 14–16 years were randomized into one of six conditions based on a 2 (outcome mental simulation: present vs. absent)×3 (action planning: standard vs. reasoning vs. absent) factorial design. The LTPA was measured again 1 month later.Results: The intervention did not change adolescents’ self-reported LTPA over a 1-month follow-up period. Participants receiving either of the intervention manipulation or combination of these intervention manipulations did not demonstrate significantly higher levels of LTPA compared with partcipants who did not receive intervention manipulations. This might be due to several reasons such as complexity of the target behavior, lack of booster sessions within the follow-up period, or seasonality issues.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that such an integrated intervention may not yet be ready for implementation in promoting LTPA behavior among adolescents.
Prevalence and risk factors for traumatic dental injuries in adolescent children attending special needs schools in India: a comparative study
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Dixit Garima 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background:
Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are a serious dental health problem affecting adolescents and needs special attention.

Objective:
To determine and compare the prevalence of TDIs in children attending special needs schools and normal school children and identify the risk factors for its occurrence.

Methods:
The study included 150 special needs school children and 300 normal school children in the 12–15 year age group. A questionnaire was prepared that collected information on socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents like age, sex, and details of the injury-event. The clinical examination was carried out using American Dental Association (ADA) type 3 technique following universal precautions.

Results:
The children attending special needs schools showed higher prevalence of TDIs than normal school children. Maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth. A majority of them showed injuries restricted to enamel fracture only and the most common cause for injury was “falling over”. Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significantly higher tendency for special needs children, boys, children with an overjet more than 3 mm, and inadequate lip closure to develop injuries.

Conclusion:
TDIs were more prevalent in children attending special needs schools. An overjet more than 3 mm emerged as the strongest risk predictor. Effective policies need to be drafted to treat the injuries and correct the malocclusion.
Adolescents’ knowledge and opinions about smoking: a qualitative study from the Jhaukhel-Duwakot Health Demographic Surveillance Site, Bhaktapur District, Nepal
Authors: Povlsen Lene , Aryal Umesh Raj , Petzold Max , Krettek Alexandra 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background:
The use of tobacco products among adolescents in Southeast Asia represents a major public health burden. Two out of ten adolescents attending school are tobacco users and several factors influence them to initiate tobacco use. Most studies related to tobacco use are quantitative, whereas qualitative studies exploring adolescents’ smoking behavior and their views, knowledge and experiences are scarce.

Objective:
To gain a deep understanding of Nepalese adolescents’ knowledge and opinions about smoking and reasons for smoking initiation.

Subjects:
Adolescents from four secondary schools in the Bhaktapur district, Nepal.

Methods:
Eight focus-group discussions were conducted with 71 adolescents aged 13–16 years and from grades 8–10. Data were analyzed using manifest qualitative content analysis.

Results:
The participants knew that smoking represents health risks as well as socio-economic risks, but few described the addictive nature of tobacco and health risks related to passive smoking. Most participants related smoking initiation to the smoking behavior of peers and family members, but easy accessibility to cigarettes, ineffective rules and regulations, and exposure to passive smoking also created environments for smoking. Some expressed confidence to resist peer pressure and refuse to start smoking, but also expressed the need for prevention strategies in schools and for governmental initiatives, such as more strict implementation of tobacco control and regulations to prevent and reduce smoking.

Conclusion:
Curbing the tobacco epidemic in Nepal requires healthy public policies and multifaceted interventions to address the knowledge gap on health consequences associated with smoking among adolescents, teachers and parents/adults.
Utility of salivary enzyme immunoassays for measuring estradiol and testosterone in adolescents: a pilot study
Authors: Amatoury Mazen , Lee Jennifer W. , Maguire Ann M. , Ambler Geoffrey R. , Steinbeck Katharine S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Aim:
We investigated the utility of enzyme immunoassay kits for measuring low levels of salivary estradiol and testosterone in adolescents and objectively assessed prevalence of blood contamination.

Methods:
Endocrine patients provided plasma and saliva for estradiol (females) or testosterone (males) assay. Saliva samples were also tested with a blood contamination kit.

Results:
Picomolar levels of salivary estradiol in females failed to show any significant correlation with plasma values (r=0.20, p=0.37). The nanomolar levels of salivary testosterone in males showed a strong correlation (r=0.78, p<0.001). A significant number of saliva samples had blood contamination. After exclusion, correlations remained non-significant for estradiol, but strengthened for testosterone (r=0.88, p<0.001).

Conclusion:
The salivary estradiol enzyme immunoassay is not clinically informative at low levels. Users should interpret clinical saliva with caution due to potential blood contamination. Our data supports the utility of the salivary testosterone enzyme immunoassay for monitoring adolescent boys on hormone developmental therapy.
Serum ischemia-modified albumin levels in adolescent smokers
Authors: Battal Fatih , Tekin Mustafa , Aylanç Hakan , Yıldırım Şule , Türkön Hakan , Binnetoğlu Fatih Köksal , Kaymaz Nazan , Topaloğlu Naci 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background:
It is known that the biochemical marker linked to tissue ischemia, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), is related to oxidative stress. Cigarette smoking is a situation with increased oxidative stress causing cell damage and it is thought that many of the negative effects linked to smoking may occur after the biological material in the body is exposed to oxidative damage. This study aimed to identify variability in serum IMA levels in adolescents who smoke.

Methods:
This case-control study comprised 60 adolescents without any chronic disease. The smoking group was 30 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 17 years who smoked, while the control group was 30 healthy adolescents who did not smoke. Blood samples were collected from all subjects and serum IMA levels and serum nicotine metabolites were determined.

Results:
The serum IMA levels in the adolescents who smoked were 0.452±0.094 absorbance unit (ABSU), while the control group had ASBU levels of 0.427±0.054. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of serum IMA levels (p=0.210). There was a significant difference between the control and smoking groups in terms of serum nicotine metabolite levels (p<0.001).

Conclusions:
Among adolescents who smoke, serum IMA levels may not be a good marker for oxidative stress.
Mixing of Shear Thinning Fluids in Cylindrical Tanks: Effect of the Impeller Blade Design and Operating Conditions
Authors: Ameur Houari 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The 3D flow fields and power consumption within a cylindrical vessel stirred by a rotating turbine are numerically studied. Simulations are performed to determine the impact of changes in operating parameters on the mixing characteristics. Investigations are focused on effects of the impeller blade curvature, shaft speed and impeller rotational direction. The fluid simulated has a shear thinning behavior. Designing the blade in retreat shape seems very promising in term of power consumption since a reduction of Np is obtained with increasing blade curvature. In the positive rotational direction, the retreat bladed impeller yields highly radial flows with less power consumption than the straight bladed impeller. The 45° retreat blade gave an increase in the radial velocity by 39 %, compared with the straight blade. But, a better axial circulation is obtained with the straight blade. The comparison between the positive rotational direction (+w) and the negative rotational direction (–w) cases revealed that, a reduced mixing time can be obtained with a retreat bladed impeller operating in the negative rotational direction (–w), but with further power consumption.