bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ingredients of a Successful Track Two Negotiation
Authors: Benziman Yuval 
Published: January 2016

During three days in 2003, an Israeli–Palestinian group met in London to negotiate the draft of the “Geneva Initiative,” which offered a potential final status agreement between Israel and Palestine. In this article, I analyze the video recording of these unofficial negotiations and examine how the framing and conduct of the talks enabled significant progress toward reaching an agreement.I describe six main framing techniques used by the mediators: calling the meetings an “exercise,” which reduced restraints on the participants and enhanced their flexibility, avoiding deep historical issues to focus solely on future‐oriented pragmatic solutions, allowing the participants to discuss any topic they chose while deliberately avoiding crucial narrative issues, convincing the participants that this track two negotiation was crucial for the future of official Israeli–Palestinian relations, accentuating the parties' understandings and agreements with each other, and building a sense of superordinate group identity among the participants, to encourage cooperation.These components were the key “ingredients” for the first — and still the only — (unofficial) detailed proposal for an Israeli–Palestinian peace agreement. They provide lessons that could improve the success of other track two negotiations.
Six‐minute walk test predicts all‐cause mortality and technique failure in ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Shi Yuanyuan , Zheng Dongxia , Zhang Lin , Yu Zanzhe , Yan Hao , Ni Zhaohui , Qian Jiaqi , Fang Wei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThis study investigated the associated factors of 6‐min walk test (6MWT) and its predictive value of outcome in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).MethodsThis is a single centre prospective observational cohort study. Stable ambulatory PD patients in our centre between 1 May 2010 and 30 April 2011 were enrolled in this study. All included subjects performed 6MWT, and 6‐min walk distances (6MWDs) were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups according to 6MWD and prospectively followed up until death, cessation of PD or to the end of the study (30 September 2012).ResultsA total of 145 patients were enrolled, including 63 (43%) males. Multiple stepwise regression showed that age (β = –0.295, P = 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β = 0.292, P = 0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (β = 0.198, P = 0.019) were independently associated with lower 6MWD. By the end of the study, six (8%) patients died in long 6MWD group while 15 (20%) died in the short 6MWD group, a significantly lower patient survival was observed in short 6MWD group (Log‐rank = 4.983, P = 0.026). Patients with short 6MWD also showed inferior technique survival (Log‐rank = 4.838, P = 0.028). There was no significant difference in peritonitis‐free survival between the two groups (Log‐rank = 0.801, P = 0.371). However, more patients in short 6MWD group had been transferred to hemodialysis due to peritonitis (25% vs 4.2%, P = 0.013).ConclusionAge, diastolic blood pressure, LVEF are independent associated factors of 6MWD in patients undergoing PD. Having the advantages of easy applicability and safety, 6MWT may be proposed as an important predictor of outcome in ambulatory PD patients.
Regulatory lags, liberalization, and vulnerability to banking crises
Authors: Garriga Ana Carolina 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article explores the effect of delays in updating prudential regulation on the likelihood of a country experiencing banking crises, and it disentangles the impact of different aspects of regulation on crisis onset. I argue that delays in revision to banks' prudential regulation allow banks to adopt risky behavior, which increases a country's vulnerability to systemic banking crises. This effect, however, is conditional on the level of liberalization of the financial market. At lower levels of liberalization, banks have stronger incentives to escape the constraints of regulation and to take advantage of regulatory lags. At high levels of liberalization, the effect of regulatory lags is curbed, possibly by market discipline. Statistical analyses on a sample of developed and developing countries from 1974–2005 support this argument and help rule out the competing learning hypothesis. These results suggest that the effects of institutions can vary with the passage of time.
Instrument translation and initial psychometric evaluation of the Danish Body Image Quality of Life Inventory
Authors: Rasmussen Trine Bernholdt , Berg Selina Kikkenborg , Dixon Jane , Moons Philip , Konradsen Hanne 
Published: January 2016

Rationale and objectivesNegative body perception has been reported in a number of patient populations. No instrument in Danish for measuring body image‐related concerns has been available. Without such an instrument, understanding of the phenomenon in Danish‐speaking populations is limited. The purpose of the study was thus to translate and validate a Danish version of the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI), in order to obtain a valid instrument applicable for healthcare research.MethodsThe study consisted of two phases: (i) instrument adaptation, including forward and back translation, expert committee comparisons and cognitive interviewing, and (ii) empirical testing of the Danish version (BIQLI‐DA) with subsequent psychometric evaluation. Hypothesised correlations to other measures, including body mass index (BMI), Medical Outcome Short Form‐8 (SF‐8), Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), General Anxiety Disorder‐7 and Symptom Check List‐90‐Revised (SCL‐90‐R®) were tested. In addition, exploratory factor structure analysis (EFA) and internal consistency on item and scale level were performed.Results and study limitationsThe adapted instrument was found to be semantically sound, yet concerns about face validity did arise through cognitive interviews. Danish college students (n = 189, 65 men, Mage = 21.1 years) participated in the piloting of the BIQLI‐DA. Convergent construct validity was demonstrated through associations to related constructs. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a potential subscale structure. Finally, results showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92). Support for the validity of the BIQLI‐DA might have been strengthened by repeating cognitive interviews after layout alterations, by piloting the instrument on a larger sample.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated tentative support for the validity of the Danish Body Image Quality of Life (BIQLI‐DA) and found the measure to be reliable in terms of internal consistency. Further exploration of response processes and construct validity is needed.
David vs. Goliath? Smaller European Exporting firms facing Asian competition on global markets
Authors: Abraham Filip , Van Hove Jan , Studnicka Zuzanna 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper analyses the presence of Asian competition in the export markets of Belgian manufacturing firms between 1998 and 2010. We focus on the value of exports at the firm level where we consider both the intensive and the extensive margin. Within Asia a distinction is made between China, India, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. We find that Asian competition matters significantly for Belgian export companies.
Slower Growth and Vulnerability to Recession: Updating China's Global Impact
Authors: Tyers Rod 
Published: January 2016

AbstractChina's comparatively rapid consumption growth since 2010 and its increasing economic similarity with advanced economies, imply that consumer and business confidence are now central to performance, changing its global impacts and rendering recession more likely. The international effects of its new growth pattern are quantified using a global macro model with national portfolio rebalancing. The transition to consumption‐led growth is shown to foster employment abroad while a major Chinese recession is shown to be damaging to the advanced economies and particularly to the US, the more so if China's policy response is expansionary and includes floating the RMB.
Industry‐specific exchange rate volatility and intermediate goods trade in Asia
Authors: Sato Kiyotaka , Shimizu Junko , Shrestha Nagendra , Zhang Shajuan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study empirically analyses the impact of industry‐specific real exchange rate volatility on intra‐Asian trade of intermediate goods at an industry level. In contrast to the recent studies, our empirical results reveal that the exchange rate volatility has significantly negative effect only on two industries: general machinery and electrical machinery. However, no significant effects are found on the intermediate goods trade of other machinery industries. Such different impacts of the exchange rate volatility across industries reflect the growing intra‐firm trade and the choice of invoice currency, which is related to the characteristics of the traded goods.
A molecular and morphological phylogeny of the extant Augochlorini (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) with comments on implications for biogeography
Authors: GONÇALVES RODRIGO B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Augochlorini Beebe is a New World tribe of bees comprising 663 described species. Relationships among the genera of this monophyletic tribe remain uncertain. Here I provide a comprehensive phylogeny using morphological and molecular information. In all, 54 Augochlorini species plus 16 outgroups and 3017 molecular and 105 morphological characters were analysed. Sequences for four genes were analysed using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and parsimony. Morphological characters were taken from a literature review and analysed alone and in combination with molecular data using parsimony. The monophyly of Augochlorini and most genera is confirmed, with divergence of the main lineages of the tribe around 55–20 Ma. Seven clades were supported by most analyses and are here treated as genus‐level groups, as follows (combined analysis topology): (Corynura group, (Chlerogella group, (Rhinocorynura group, (Augochloropsis, (Megaloptidia group, (Neocorynura group, (Augochlora group, Megalopta group))))))). According to this topology, dim‐light foraging and cleptoparasitism arose three times in the tribe. According to my hypothesis, the diversification of Augochlorini may have begun as a response to vicariant events, including the split of the Neotropical/Andean regions and marine transgressions in the Amazon region.
Comparison of a commercial blood cross‐matching kit to the standard laboratory method for establishing blood transfusion compatibility in dogs
Authors: Guzman Leo Roa , Streeter Elizabeth , Malandra Allison 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of a commercial blood transfusion cross‐match kit when compared to the standard laboratory method for establishing blood transfusion compatibility.DesignA prospective observational in intro study performed from July 2009 to July 2013.SettingPrivate referral veterinary center.AnimalsTen healthy dogs, 11 anemic dogs, and 24 previously transfused dogs.InterventionsNone.Measurement and Main ResultsForty‐five dogs were enrolled in a prospective study in order to compare the standard blood transfusion cross‐match technique to a commercial blood transfusion cross‐matching kit. These dogs were divided into 3 different groups that included 10 healthy dogs (control group), 11 anemic dogs in need of a blood transfusion, and 24 sick dogs that were previously transfused. Thirty‐five dogs diagnosed with anemia secondary to multiple disease processes were cross‐matched using both techniques. All dogs cross‐matched via the kit had a compatible major and minor result, whereas 16 dogs out of 45 (35%) had an incompatible cross‐match result when the standard laboratory technique was performed. The average time to perform the commercial kit was 15 minutes and this was 3 times shorter than the manual cross‐match laboratory technique that averaged 45–50 minutes to complete.ConclusionsWhile the gel‐based cross‐match kit is quicker and less technically demanding than standard laboratory cross‐match procedures, microagglutination and low‐grade hemolysis are difficult to identify by using the gel‐based kits. This could result in transfusion reactions if the gel‐based kits are used as the sole determinant of blood compatibility prior to transfusion. Based on our results, the standard manual cross‐match technique remains the gold standard test to determine blood transfusion compatibility.
Evaluation of conjunctival bacterial flora in a herd of goats in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Meekins Jessica M. , Apley Michael D. , Lubbers Brian , Peddireddi Lalitha , Rankin Amy J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo identify conjunctival bacterial flora in healthy adult and newborn kid goats in the Midwestern United States and to compare vaginal and ocular surface flora in dam‐kid pairs.Animals studiedThirty mixed‐breed (crosses between Boer, Kiko, and Syfan Spanish) goats, 20 adult does and 10 newborn kids.ProceduresOne eye of 15 adult goats (n= 15 eyes) and 5 kids (n= 5 eyes) was randomly selected. A subset of 5 adults (n= 10 eyes) and 5 kids (n= 10 eyes) underwent bilateral sampling. Each recently kidded dam's vaginal canal (n= 10) was also sampled. Two swabs were collected from each sample site for aerobic bacterial culture andMycoplasmaandChlamydiaspp.PCR.ResultsOf the animals with positive cultures, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus were the most common bacterial genera from the conjunctival sac of adult (16/17; 94%) and kid (5/5; 100%) goats; three adults and 5 kids had no growth of bacteria on aerobic culture.Moraxella bovoculiwas the most common single bacteria in adults, in 9 eyes (36%) of 8 animals (40%).Staphylococcus equorumwas identified in all 5 kids with positive cultures.Mycoplasmasp.DNAwas detected in 7 animals.Chlamydiasp.DNAwas not detected in any sample. Four of 10 dam‐kid pairs had identical bacteria isolated from the dam's vaginal sample and the kid's conjunctival sample.ConclusionsStaphylococcus and Streptococcus were the most common conjunctival bacterial genera in this goatherd.Moraxella bovoculiwas the most common single bacteria isolated from adults, andStaphylococcus equorumwas the most common bacteria in kids.Mycoplasmasp. occurred infrequently at the ocular surface of adult and kid goats. A convincing association between dam‐kid vaginal–conjunctival samples was not identified.
Inhibition of complement component C5 prevents clotting in an ex vivo model of xenogeneic activation of coagulation
Authors: Rataj Dennis , Werwitzke Sonja , Haarmeijer Birgitt , Winkler Michael , Ramackers Wolf , Petersen Björn , Niemann Heiner , Wünsch Annegret , Bähr Andrea , Klymiuk Nikolai , Wolf Eckhard , Abicht Jan‐Michael , Ayares David , Tiede Andreas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundXenogeneic thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and acute vascular rejection (AVR) prevent long‐term survival of porcine xenografts after transplantation into non‐human primates. Preformed xenoreactive natural antibodies (XNA) cause endothelial damage and activate the complement system. Mechanisms of xenogeneic coagulation and platelet activation are only poorly characterized.MethodsA microfluidic flow chamber was used to study platelet activation and thrombus formation of human platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) upon perfusion over wild‐type (WT) or α‐1,3‐ galactosyltransferase knockout (GTKO) and human CD46 (hCD46) transgenic porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC). Activation of plasma coagulation (thrombin–anti‐thrombin complex; TAT) and complement (C3a, C5a) was studied in human platelet‐free plasma (PFP) after co‐incubation with PAEC. The activation of PAEC (E‐Selectin, tissue factor, ICAM‐1, ICAM‐2, VCAM‐1) was studied after incubation with human serum. Eculizumab (200 μg/ml) was used to inhibit terminal complement activation in all experiments.ResultsWT‐PAEC perfused with human PRP showed thrombus formation at different shear rates (3 dyn/cm2: 23 ± 10%; 10 dyn/cm2: 17 ± 10% of flow chamber viewing field). GTKO/hCD46 PAEC exhibited reduced, but not fully prevented thrombus formation (3 dyn/cm2: 12 ± 12%). Porcine PRP caused little or no thrombus formation (3.0 ± 4% and 0.5 ± 0.9%, respectively). Flow cytometry of human platelets after perfusion over WT‐PAEC revealed an increase in platelet CD62P expression (29.5 ± 3%), compared to non‐perfused PRP (7 ± 2%) or PRP running through empty flow chambers (12.7 ± 0.3%). Incubation of human PFP with PAEC resulted in an increase of TAT that correlated with C5a activation. Specific inhibition of complement by eculizumab prevented thrombus formation (WT‐PAEC: 1.6 ± 2% at 3 dyn/cm2 and 0.24 ± 0.33% at 10 dyn/cm2, GTKO/hCD46 PAEC: 0.2 ± 0.3% at 3 dyn/cm2) as well as activation of coagulation and platelets. Induction of endothelial E‐Selectin and VCAM‐1 in WT‐PAEC upon incubation with human serum was significantly reduced by eculizumab. Eculizumab did not reduce thrombin generation capacity of human PRP or normal platelet aggregation.ConclusionThrombus formation in this ex vivo model of xenogeneic TMA was closely linked with complement activation. Specific inhibition of complement C5 by eculizumab prevented endothelial cell activation, but also coagulation and platelet activation without compromising thrombin generation capacity of human blood or normal platelet function.
Tibial Acceleration and Spatiotemporal Mechanics in Distance Runners During Reduced-Body-Weight Conditions
Authors: Moran Matthew F. , Rickert Brendan J. , Greer Beau K. 
Published: January 2016

Context:Treadmills that unload runners via a differential air-pressure (DAP) bladder (eg, AlterG Anti-Gravity Treadmill) are commonly used to reduce effective body weight (BW) in a clinical setting. However, the relationship between the level of unloading and tibial stress is currently unknown.Objective:To determine the relationship between tibial impact acceleration and level of BW unloading during running.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:University motion-analysis laboratory.Participants:15 distance runners (9 male, 6 female; 20.4 ± 2.4 y, 60.1 ± 12.6 kg).Main Outcome Measures:Peak tibial acceleration and peak-to-peak tibial acceleration were measured via a uniaxial accelerometer attached to the tibia during a 37-min continuous treadmill run that simulated reduced-BW conditions via a DAP bladder. The trial began with a 10-min run at 100% BW followed by nine 3-min stages where BW was systematically reduced from 95% to 60% in 5% increments.Results:There was no significant relationship between level of BW and either peak tibial acceleration or peak-to-peak tibial acceleration (P > .05). Both heart rate and step rate were significantly reduced with each 5% reduction in BW level (P < .01).Conclusions:Although ground-reaction forces are reduced when running in reduced-BW conditions on a DAP treadmill, tibial shock magnitudes are unchanged as an alteration in spatiotemporal running mechanics (eg, reduced step rate) and may nullify the unloading effect.
Characteristics of CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Multiple Rivers in Southern Taiwan
Authors: Chen Po-An , Hung Chih-Hsin , Huang Ping-Chih , Chen Jung-Ren , Huang I-Fei , Chen Wan-Ling , Chiou Yee-Hsuan , Hung Wan-Yu , Wang Jiun-Ling , Cheng Ming-Fang 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Escherichia coli
sequence type ST131 has emerged as the leading cause of community-acquired urinary tract infections and bacteremia worldwide. Whether environmental water is a potential reservoir of these strains remains unclear. River water samples were collected from 40 stations in southern Taiwan from February to August 2014. PCR assay and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis were conducted to determine the CTX-M group and sequence type, respectively. In addition, we identified the seasonal frequency of ESBL-producing
E. coli
strains and their geographical relationship with runoffs from livestock and poultry farms between February and August 2014. ESBL-producing
E. coli
accounted for 30% of the 621
E. coli
strains isolated from river water in southern Taiwan. ESBL-producing
E. coli
ST131 was not detected among the isolates. The most commonly detected strain was
E. coli
CTX-M group 9. Among the 92 isolates selected for MLST analysis, the most common ESBL-producing clonal complexes were ST10 and ST58. The proportion of ESBL-producing
E. coli
was significantly higher in areas with a lower river pollution index (
P
= 0.025) and regions with a large number of chickens being raised (
P
= 0.013). ESBL-producing
E. coli
strains were commonly isolated from river waters in southern Taiwan. The most commonly isolated ESBL-producing clonal complexes were ST10 and ST58, which were geographically related to chicken farms. ESBL-producing
E. coli
ST131, the major clone causing community-acquired infections in Taiwan and worldwide, was not detected in river waters.
Responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains from Different Origins to Elevated Iron Concentrations
Authors: Martínez-Garay Carlos Andrés , de Llanos Rosa , Romero Antonia María , Martínez-Pastor María Teresa , Puig Sergi 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Iron is an essential micronutrient for all eukaryotic organisms. However, the low solubility of ferric iron has tremendously increased the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia, especially in women and children, with dramatic consequences. Baker's yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
is used as a model eukaryotic organism, a fermentative microorganism, and a feed supplement. In this report, we explore the genetic diversity of 123 wild and domestic strains of
S. cerevisiae
isolated from different geographical origins and sources to characterize how yeast cells respond to elevated iron concentrations in the environment. By using two different forms of iron, we selected and characterized both iron-sensitive and iron-resistant yeast strains. We observed that when the iron concentration in the medium increases, iron-sensitive strains accumulate iron more rapidly than iron-resistant isolates. We observed that, consistent with excess iron leading to oxidative stress, the redox state of iron-sensitive strains was more oxidized than that of iron-resistant strains. Growth assays in the presence of different oxidative reagents ruled out that this phenotype was due to alterations in the general oxidative stress protection machinery. It was noteworthy that iron-resistant strains were more sensitive to iron deficiency conditions than iron-sensitive strains, which suggests that adaptation to either high or low iron is detrimental for the opposite condition. An initial gene expression analysis suggested that alterations in iron homeostasis genes could contribute to the different responses of distant iron-sensitive and iron-resistant yeast strains to elevated environmental iron levels.