bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term outcomes of narrow diameter implants in posterior jaws: A retrospective study with at least 8‐year follow‐up
Authors: Shi Jun‐Yu , Xu Feng‐Yuan , Zhuang Long‐Fei , Gu Ying‐Xin , Qiao Shi‐Chong , Lai Hong‐Chang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term survival, complications, peri‐implant conditions, marginal bone loss, and patient satisfaction of fixed dental prostheses supported by narrow diameter implants (NDIs) in the posterior jaws.Materials and methodsThis study was designed as a retrospective cohort study with a mean follow‐up time of 10.1 years (SD: 2.5 years). Patients receiving NDIs in posterior jaw were reviewed. Implant survival, hardware complication, modified plaque index (mPI), peri‐implant probing depth (PPD), percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP%), marginal bone loss (MBL), and patient satisfaction were evaluated. Log‐rank test and t test were used to detect the influence of implant location and restoration type.ResultsSixty‐seven patients with 98 NDIs (Premolar site: 81, Molar site: 17, Single crowns: 33, Splinted restorations: 65) were included. The overall implant survival rates were 96.9% at implant level and 97.0% at patient level. Veneer chipping was the most common hardware complication. The veneer chipping rates were 19.4% at patient level and 18.4% at implant level. All patients showed acceptable oral hygiene. Thus, the average MBL was 1.19 mm at implant level and 1.15 mm at patient level. Eight implants (8.5%) and six patients (9.2%) were diagnosed with peri‐implantitis. Fifty‐eight patients (89.2%) were satisfied with the esthetics of the restorations, while 55 patients (84.6%) were satisfied with the function of the restorations.ConclusionNarrow diameter implants could be a predictable treatment option in the long term. High survival rates, high patient satisfaction, acceptable complication rates and marginal bone loss could be achieved. Further long‐term studies are needed to evaluate the predictability of NDIs in molar sites.
Recombinant Enaction: Manipulatives Generate New Procedures in the Imagination, by Extending and Recombining Action Spaces
Authors: Rahaman Jeenath , Agrawal Harshit , Srivastava Nisheeth , Chandrasekharan Sanjay 
Published: August 2017

AbstractManipulation of physical models such as tangrams and tiles is a popular approach to teaching early mathematics concepts. This pedagogical approach is extended by new computational media, where mathematical entities such as equations and vectors can be virtually manipulated. The cognitive and neural mechanisms supporting such manipulation‐based learning—particularly how actions generate new internal structures that support problem‐solving—are not understood. We develop a model of the way manipulations generate internal traces embedding actions, and how these action‐traces recombine during problem‐solving. This model is based on a study of two groups of sixth‐grade students solving area problems. Before problem‐solving, one group manipulated a tangram, the other group answered a descriptive test. Eye‐movement trajectories during problem‐solving were different between the groups. A second study showed that this difference required the tangram's geometrical structure, just manipulation was not enough. We propose a theoretical model accounting for these results, and discuss its implications.
Recovery of a phytopathogenic bacterium Lonsdalea quercina from a lesser horseshoe bat in Moravian karst, Czech Republic
Authors: Kovacova V. , Kolarik M. , Bandouchova H. , Bartonicka T. , Berkova H. , Havelkova B. , Hrudova E. , Kohoutova L. , Martínková N. , Zukal J. , Pikula J. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryWhile bats are important reservoirs and vectors of pathogenic agents with zoonotic potential, their skin‐associated microbial community could harbour organisms relevant to bat health as well as those associated with bat habitats in general. A total of 140 skin swabs collected from bats in the Czech Republic were cultured for bacteria from 2012 to 2013. A phytopathogen, isolated from a lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros), was identified as Lonsdalea quercina by MALDI‐TOF (matrix‐assisted laser desorption–ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry) and characterized as Lonsdalea quercina subsp. britannica using phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA and two housekeeping (infB and atpD) genes. Lonsdalea quercina subsp. britannica is a gram‐negative facultative anaerobic bacterium reported to cause bark canker and drippy nut disease in oaks. Our finding provides evidence of Lonsdalea quercina in the Czech Republic (Moravian Karst). As the lesser horseshoe bat is a sedentary species, it may bio‐indicate the presence of the phytopathogenic bacterium in the broadleaved forests of the habitat of pathogen recovery. We therefore suggest active surveillance of the area of the Moravian Karst for signs of oak disease and/or decline.
Transmission mechanisms of fish electric signals
Authors: Fine Michael L , Kier Lemont B , Alvarez Julio C 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFishes utilize electric signals for passive and active electrolocation and communication at night in murky water. To our knowledge, the mechanism of transmission of fish electric signals through water has not been addressed. In such a medium, the transmission of electrical signals can occur by movement of ions (ion conduction) under the influence of a generated electric field, or through its perturbation by nearby objects that have electric permittivity different than water. This latter property refers to the ability of a medium to resist the formation of electric fields with no involvement of ion transport. In this study, we discuss the relevance of each mechanism in the context of previous reports on transmission of signals by electric fishes in water environments.
A micro‐computed tomographic study of band‐shaped root canal isthmuses, having their floor in the apical third of mesial roots of mandibular first molars
Authors: Keleş A. , Keskin C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the band‐shaped isthmus area, the floor of which was in the apical third in the mesial roots of mandibular first molars using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT).MethodologyMicro‐CT images of 269 mesial roots of mandibular first molars were evaluated, and 40 specimens with a band‐shaped isthmus, with a floor in the apical third, were selected. The major diameter, minor diameter, roundness, area and perimeter values for the most coronal and apical slices where the isthmus was visible were measured. The distances between these slices were measured as the isthmus length, and the total volume, structure model index and surface area of the isthmus were measured. The distances between the isthmus floor and two apical foramina and the number of root canal orifices were calculated. The dimensions of the isthmus roof and the floor were compared, and the data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Student's t‐tests with a significance threshold set at 5%.ResultsA total of 15% of the specimens had band‐shaped isthmuses with a floor in the apical third. The isthmus roof exhibited significantly greater major and minor diameter values compared to the isthmus floor (P < 0.05). No significant difference was detected between the isthmus roof and the floor with regard to roundness (P > 0.05).ConclusionThree‐ and two‐dimensional analyses of the mesial roots of mandibular molars revealed that band‐shaped isthmuses had complex shapes.
A multihesitant fuzzy linguistic multicriteria decision‐making approach for logistics outsourcing with incomplete weight information
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Jian‐qiang , Tian Zhang‐peng , Zhao Dong‐yan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn selecting logistics service providers, the evaluation criteria can be easily prioritized and possibly interrelated with each other, and the assessment of alternatives under qualitative criteria is usually accomplished by more than one decision maker. A novel multicriteria decision‐making approach with multihesitant fuzzy linguistic term elements (MHFLTEs) based on the Heronian mean (HM) and prioritized average operators can effectively deal with the problems inherent in such a scenario. Multihesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (MHFLTSs) were proposed on the basis of multihesitant fuzzy sets (MHFSs) and hesitant fuzzy linguistic sets (HFLSs), where each MHFLTE can contain nonconsecutive and repeated linguistic terms. Using MHFLTEs, one decision maker can provide one or several consecutive linguistic terms in evaluating an alternative under one specific criterion, different decision makers’ evaluation values can be collected, and the frequency of a linguistic term in the evaluation information can accord with reality. This paper revises the basic operations and comparison method for MHFLTEs on the basis of the originals and defines some multihesitant fuzzy linguistic HM operators for MHFLTEs to deal with problems in which weight information cannot be accurately established for criteria, but their priorities can be provided in groups or without groups. Finally, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach are demonstrated through an illustration of a logistics outsourcing problem and a comparison analysis.
The importance of temporal resolution for niche modelling in dynamic marine environments
Authors: Fernandez Marc , Yesson Chris , Gannier Alexandre , Miller Peter I , Azevedo José MN 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimHighly dynamic ocean environments can experience dramatic changes over relatively short timeframes, affecting the spatial distribution of resources and therefore the presence or absence of highly mobile species. We use simulation studies to investigate how different temporal resolutions might affect the results of species distribution models for highly mobile species (e.g. cetaceans) in marine environments.LocationAzores archipelago, Portugal.MethodsWe developed three virtual species with different habitat preferences influenced by (1) only static (topographic), (2) only dynamic (oceanographic), and (3) both dynamic and static variables. Assuming that species would reposition themselves daily according to these preferences (as has been observed for large marine foragers such as cetaceans), we used two different approaches (generalized linear model and generalized boosted model) to test the effect of using daily, weekly and monthly environmental datasets to model distributions.ResultsThe results showed that the selection of different temporal scales has a very important effect on model predictions. When dynamic variables are important components of habitat preference, models based on daily or weekly timeframes performed best at reconstructing the known niche.Main conclusionIt is important that we consider temporal resolution when applying species distribution models. Several factors (e.g. species ecology and oceanographic characteristics of the ecosystem) should be taken into consideration when selecting an adequate temporal scale for niche modelling. For fine scale applications (e.g. dynamic ocean management), highly dynamic ecosystems, and highly mobile species, our results suggest exploring temporal resolution of 7–8 days rather than coarser temporal scales. For some applications annual, seasonal or even monthly averages may produce inferior or inaccurate models.
Chronic urticaria and the metabolic syndrome: a cross‐sectional community‐based study of 11 261 patients
Authors: Shalom G. , Magen E. , Babaev M. , Tiosano S. , Vardy D.A. , Linder D. , Horev A. , Saadia A. , Comaneshter D. , Agmon‐Levin N. , Cohen A.D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that chronic urticaria (CU) is associated with chronic, low‐grade, inflammatory process.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between CU and metabolic syndrome and its components in a large community‐based medical database.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of CU patients and matched controls was performed. CU was defined as eight urticaria diagnoses (with each two diagnoses registered within a period of 6 weeks) from 2002 to 2012. Data regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, its components and possible complications were collected.ResultsThe study included 11 261 patients with CU and 67 216 controls. In a univariate analysis, CU was significantly associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and a higher prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, chronic renal failure and gout. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between CU and metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.1–1.2, P < 0.001) and its components – obesity (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3, P < 0.001), diabetes (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.15, P = 0.001), hyperlipidaemia (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.2, P < 0.001) and hypertension (OR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.1–1.2, P < 0.001).ConclusionsCU patients may have one or more undiagnosed components of metabolic syndrome despite their young age. Thus, appropriate targeted screening is advised.
Stalk size and altruism investment within and among populations of the social amoeba
Authors: Votaw H. R. , Ostrowski E. A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractReproductive division of labour is common in many societies, including those of eusocial insects, cooperatively breeding vertebrates, and most forms of multicellularity. However, conflict over what is best for the individual vs. the group can prevent an optimal division of labour from being achieved. In the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, cells aggregate to become multicellular and a fraction behaves altruistically, forming a dead stalk that supports the rest. Theory suggests that intra‐organismal conflict over spore–stalk cell fate can drive rapid evolutionary change in allocation traits, leading to polymorphisms within populations or rapid divergence between them. Here, we assess several proxies for stalk size and spore–stalk allocation as metrics of altruism investment among strains and across geographic regions. We observe geographic divergence in stalk height that can be partly explained by differences in multicellular size, as well as variation among strains in clonal spore–stalk allocation, suggesting within‐population variation in altruism investment. Analyses of chimeras comprised of strains from the same vs. different populations indicated genotype‐by‐genotype epistasis, where the morphology of the chimeras deviated significantly from the average morphology of the strains developed clonally. The significantly negative epistasis observed for allopatric pairings suggests that populations are diverging in their spore–stalk allocation behaviours, generating incompatibilities when they encounter one another. Our results demonstrate divergence in microbial social traits across geographically separated populations and demonstrate how quantification of genotype‐by‐genotype interactions can elucidate the trajectory of social trait evolution in nature.
Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae: a threat to global oat production
Authors: Nazareno Eric S. , Li Feng , Smith Madeleine , Park Robert F. , Kianian Shahryar F. , Figueroa Melania 
Published: August 2017

SummaryPuccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca) causes crown rust disease in cultivated and wild oat (Avena spp.). The significant yield losses inflicted by this pathogen make crown rust the most devastating disease in the oat industry. Pca is a basidiomycete fungus with an obligate biotrophic lifestyle, and is classified as a typical macrocyclic and heteroecious fungus. The asexual phase in the life cycle of Pca occurs in oat, whereas the sexual phase takes place primarily in Rhamnus species as the alternative host. Epidemics of crown rust happens in areas with warm temperatures (20–25 °C) and high humidity. Infection by the pathogen leads to plant lodging and shrivelled grain of poor quality.Disease symptoms: Infection of susceptible oat varieties gives rise to orange–yellow round to oblong uredinia (pustules) containing newly formed urediniospores. Pustules vary in size and can be larger than 5 mm in length. Infection occurs primarily on the surfaces of leaves, although occasional symptoms develop in the oat leaf sheaths and/or floral structures, such as awns. Symptoms in resistant oat varieties vary from flecks to small pustules, typically accompanied by chlorotic halos and/or necrosis. The pycnial and aecial stages are mostly present in the leaves of Rhamnus species, but occasionally symptoms can also be observed in petioles, young stems and floral structures. Aecial structures display a characteristic hypertrophy and can differ in size, occasionally reaching more than 5 mm in diameter.Taxonomy: Pca belongs to the kingdom Fungi, phylum Basidiomycota, class Pucciniomycetes, order Pucciniales and family Pucciniaceae.Host range: Puccinia coronata sensu lato can infect 290 species of grass hosts. Pca is prevalent in all oat‐growing regions and, compared with other cereal rusts, displays a broad telial host range. The most common grass hosts of Pca include cultivated hexaploid oat (Avena sativa) and wild relatives, such as bluejoint grass, perennial ryegrass and fescue. Alternative hosts include several species of Rhamnus, with R. cathartica (common buckthorn) as the most important alternative host in Europe and North America.Control: Most crown rust management strategies involve the use of rust‐resistant crop varieties and the application of fungicides. The attainment of the durability of resistance against Pca is difficult as it is a highly variable pathogen with a great propensity to overcome the genetic resistance of varieties. Thus, adult plant resistance is often exploited in oat breeding programmes to develop new crown rust‐resistant varieties.Useful website: https://www.ars.usda.gov/midwest-area/st-paul-mn/cereal-disease-lab/docs/cereal-rusts/race-surveys/.
Development of a genetic sexing strain of Anopheles arabiensis for KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
Authors: DANDALO L. C. , MUNHENGA G. , KAISER M. L. , KOEKEMOER L. L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn efficient sexing system is important for the release of sterile males for any control programme using the sterile insect technique. This study describes the development and characterization of a new genetic sexing strain from South Africa (GMK), needed for the planned implementation of such a programme in northern KwaZulu‐Natal Province. The base colony used was a locally modified laboratory strain of Anopheles arabiensis containing a sex‐linked gene conferring dieldrin resistance to male mosquitoes. Female A. arabiensis mosquitoes from northern KwaZulu‐Natal were mated with these males and backcrossed to introduce the dieldrin resistance gene to the Y chromosome. The resulting strain therefore had an overall genotype representing the local population but with the Y chromosome containing the dieldrin resistance gene. Life‐history characteristics, stability of the sex‐linked resistance marker, and reduction in dieldrin waste were investigated. The strain showed semi‐sterility exhibited by low egg hatch rates, faster development in the immature stages and longer adult survivorship compared with the parental strains. While the GMK strain carrying the dieldrin‐resistant gene was successfully established, the stability of the gene is limited, requiring periodic purification. Dieldrin waste can be limited by treating many more eggs than currently recommended.
Endothelial glycocalyx in health and kidney disease: Rising star or false Dawn?
Authors: Liew Hui , Roberts Matthew A , MacGinley Robert , McMahon Lawrence P 
Published: August 2017

Summary at a GlanceThe endothelial glycocalyx on the surface of vascular endothelial cells, an early indicator of endothelial injury and a potential marker of vascular injury, could be demonstrated by a variety of methods of assessment, including novel optical approaches and might be a potential therapeutic target.
Allergy‐like immediate reactions with herbal medicines in children: A retrospective study using data from VigiBase®
Authors: Meincke Ricarda , Pokladnikova Jitka , Straznicka Julie , Meyboom Ronald H.B. , Niedrig David , Russmann Stefan , Jahodar Ludek 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe use of herbal medicines in children and the general population is continually on the rise with an overall herbal lifetime and current use ranging between 0.8%‐85.5% and 2.2%‐8.9%, respectively. Although acute hypersensitivity reactions are generally considered to be rare, little knowledge exists on the frequency and type of these reactions especially in specific populations like children.ObjectivesTo assess the patterns of acute hypersensitivity reactions to herbal medicines reported to the WHO global individual case safety report (ICSR) database VigiBase® in children.Study designFrom the original VigiBase® extract for the time between 1968 and 2014, we included all reports with adverse drug reactions (ADR) associated with herbal medicines in children where WHO‐ART reaction terms were indicative of acute hypersensitivity reactions.ResultsVigiBase® contained 2646 ICSRs with 14 860 distinct adverse reactions reported in association with herbal medicine in children. Among those, 79 cases with 107 allergy‐like reactions met our inclusion criteria. The most commonly reported WHO‐ART terms were urticaria or rash/rash erythematous (59.8%), and allergic reaction (8.4%). The most frequently reported suspected herbal medicines were mixed herbal products (51.4%), Hedera helix (15.0%), and Echinacea purpurea (5.6%). Most frequent routes of administration were oral (75.9%), topical (8.9%), and rectal (3.8%). Over 30% of cases were reported in the age group from 7 to 12 years. The majority of reports were received from Germany (29.1%), Thailand (21.5%), and Australia (11.4%).ConclusionVigiBase® contains a considerable number of acute hypersensitivity reactions in children associated with herbal medicines, including life‐threatening reactions such as anaphylactic shock.
Loss of Surfacten® during bolus administration with a feeding catheter
Authors: Fujioka Kazumichi , Kuroda Jumpei , Yamana Keiji , Iijima Kazumoto , Morioka Ichiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundSurfactant replacement therapy is widely used for treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, but insufficient evidence is available on the use of Surfacten® (S‐TA). This study investigated the inadvertent loss of S‐TA during instillation via feeding catheters with different bore sizes.MethodsIn this bench‐based study, we measured the weight of syringes and tubes before and after surfactant treatment using a high‐accuracy balance, and determined the amount of S‐TA lost in tubes. We injected 120 mg of S‐TA suspended in 4 or 3 mL into tubes followed with or without air boluses. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Percent weight loss of S‐TA in each tube was calculated with or without air boluses.ResultsPercent weight loss of S‐TA was significantly higher in larger‐bore tubes (P < 0.01, overall ANOVA), and was significantly lower after air bolus flushing in 3 Fr, 4 Fr, and 5 Fr tubes (P < 0.005, respectively). The 3 mL S‐TA suspensions had a significantly higher percent loss than the 4 mL S‐TA suspensions when using 4 Fr and 5 Fr tubes, and the 5 Fr closed system (P < 0.05, respectively).ConclusionsRoutine air bolus flushing effectively reduces S‐TA loss in tubes. The 3 mL S‐TA suspensions appear to be more susceptible to inadvertent S‐TA loss during instillation. Therefore, caution is warranted for this procedure.