bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Daily Cycle Temperature Boundary Condition for Ground Surfaces in CFD Predictions of Urban Wind Flows
Authors: Wang Xiaoxue , Li Yuguo , Wang Kai , Yang Xinyan , Chan Pak Wai 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe atmospheric boundary exhibits an obvious diurnal cycle. The daily cycle of climate variation has a significant effect on urban airflow, and an understanding of it is very important for city-scale environmental control. A new and simple daily cycle temperature boundary condition for simulations of urban airflows with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is described herein. An analytical surface temperature formula was obtained after simplifying longwave radiation and sensible heat flux terms. The formula provides a reasonably good prediction of ground surface temperatures on sunny days without adding much complexity. The accuracy of the prediction of daily surface temperature variations in homogeneous soils was evaluated with a benchmark experiment and with weather station data. The new boundary condition was implemented in the commercial CFD software Fluent for a city-scale model. The implementation demonstrates the importance of including diurnal temperature profiles and atmospheric boundary conditions in CFD simulations of urban plumes in which an ideal urban heat island circulation occurs.
Dynamics of a Turbulent Buoyant Plume in a Stratified Fluid: An Idealized Model of Subglacial Discharge in Greenland Fjords
Authors: Ezhova Ekaterina , Cenedese Claudia , Brandt Luca 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study reports the results of large-eddy simulations of an axisymmetric turbulent buoyant plume in a stratified fluid. The configuration used is an idealized model of the plume generated by a subglacial discharge at the base of a tidewater glacier with an ambient stratification typical of Greenland fjords. The plume is discharged from a round source of various diameters and characteristic stratifications for summer and winter are considered. The classical theory for the integral parameters of a turbulent plume in a homogeneous fluid gives accurate predictions in the weakly stratified lower layer up to the pycnocline, and the plume dynamics are not sensitive to changes in the source diameter. In winter, when the stratification is similar to an idealized two-layer case, turbulent entrainment and generation of internal waves by the plume top are in agreement with the theoretical and numerical results obtained for turbulent jets in a two-layer stratification. In summer, instead, the stratification is more complex and turbulent entrainment by the plume top is significantly reduced. The subsurface layer in summer is characterized by a strong density gradient and the oscillating plume generates internal waves that might serve as an indicator of submerged plumes not penetrating to the surface.
Incidence of First-Time Lateral Patellar Dislocation: A 21-Year Population-Based Study
Authors: Sanders Thomas L. , Pareek Ayoosh , Hewett Timothy E. , Stuart Michael J. , Dahm Diane L. , Krych Aaron J. 
Published: August 2017

Background: First-time lateral patellar dislocation is a common orthopaedic injury. The purposes of this study were to (1) evaluate the incidence of first-time lateral patellar dislocation in a geographically-determined population, (2) report trends over time in the incidence of dislocation, and (3) describe the rate of surgical treatment. Hypothesis: The rate of patellar dislocation is highest among adolescent patients. Study Design: Cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: The study population included 609 individuals identified through a multidisciplinary geographic cohort county database who were diagnosed with first-episode lateral patellar dislocation between 1990 and 2010. The complete medical records were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and to evaluate details of injury and treatment. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated and adjusted to the 2010 US population. Poisson regression analyses were performed to examine incidence trends by age, sex, and calendar period. Results: The overall age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence of patellar dislocation was 23.2 (95% CI, 21.2-24.9) per 100,000 person-years. The annual incidence was similar between male and female patients and highest among adolescents aged 14 to 18 years (147.7/100,000 person-years). The mean age at dislocation was 21.4 ± 9.9 years, and 331 patients (54.4%) were female. During the study period, there was a significant decline in the incidence of patellar dislocation among men aged 19 to 25 years ( P = 0.002) and girls aged 14 to 18 years ( P = 0.025). Eighty patients received surgical treatment during the study period, including 66 patients (10.8%) for recurrent instability and 14 patients (2.3%) for acute osteochondral injury. Conclusion: With an annual incidence of 23.2 per 100,000 person-years, lateral patellar dislocation is a frequently encountered orthopaedic injury. The incidence of dislocation among adolescent patients in this cohort is higher than previously reported. Despite a decrease in the annual incidence of dislocation in adolescent girls, the overall incidence of patellar dislocation remained relatively constant over a 21-year observation period. Clinical Relevance: This study demonstrates that the incidence of patellar dislocation in adolescents is greater than previously reported.
Effects of combined treatment with fermented soybean (natto) intake and exercise on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Kawano Michihiro , Itomine Ichiro , Monma Masahiko , Asakawa Kazumi , Toyoda Atsushi , Miyaguchi Yuji 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: Using ovariectomized rats, we examined the influence of combined exercise tolerance and natto intake on the bone loss inhibitory effect. Methods: We divided female Wistar rats into the following groups: Ovariectomy, Ovariectomy + Exercise, Ovariectomy + Natto Intake, Ovariectomy + Exercise + Natto Intake, and Pseudo-operative (Sham group). After conducting experiments on each group, we collected the tissues and performed morphological and molecular biological analyses. Results: In comparison with the Ovariectomy group, only in the Ovariectomy + Exercise group was there a significant bone loss inhibitory effect in the femoral cancellous bone. Although there was a tendency toward this trend seen in the Natto Intake and Exercise + Natto Intake groups, these differences were not significant. The increase in messenger RNA expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (osteoblast marker) in the bone marrow caused by ovariectomy was suppressed by individual factors, and by those in combination. However, messenger RNA expression levels of estrogen receptor alpha in the bone marrow showed a decreasing tendency with each factor, and decreased significantly with the combination, similar to the Sham group. Conclusion: This suggests that natto intake and exercise maintain bone mass by different molecular mechanisms and that these two factors do not simply act synergistically in combination to maintain bone mass.
Humeral Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligament: Indications for Surgical Treatment and Outcomes—A Systematic Review
Authors: Bozzo Anthony , Oitment Colby , Thornley Patrick , Yan James , Habib Anthony , Hoppe Daniel J. , Athwal George S. , Ayeni Olufemi R. 
Published: August 2017

Background: The inferior glenohumeral ligament, the most important static anterior stabilizer of the shoulder, becomes disrupted in humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) lesions. Unfortunately, HAGL lesions commonly go unrecognized. A missed HAGL during an index operation to treat anterior shoulder instability may lead to persistent instability. Currently, there are no large studies describing the indications for surgical repair or the outcomes of patients with HAGL lesions. Purpose: To search the literature to identify surgical indications for the treatment of HAGL lesions and discuss reported outcomes. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Two reviewers completed a comprehensive literature search of 3 online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) from inception until May 25, 2016, using the keywords “humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament” or “HAGL” to generate a broad search. Systematic screening of eligible studies was undertaken in duplicate. Abstracted data were organized in table format, with descriptive statistics presented. Results: After screening, 18 studies comprising 118 patients were found that described surgical intervention and outcomes for HAGL lesions. The mean patient was 22 years (range, 12-50 years), and 82% were male. Sports injuries represented 72% of all HAGL injuries. The main surgical indication was primary anterior instability, followed by pain and failed nonoperative management. Commonly associated injuries in patients with identified HAGL lesions included a Bankart lesion (15%), Hill-Sachs lesions (13%), and glenoid bone loss (7%). Reporting of outcome scores varied among the included studies. Meta-analysis was not possible, but all included studies reported significantly improved postoperative stability and function. There were no demonstrated differences in outcomes for patients treated with open versus arthroscopic surgical techniques. All but 2 patients undergoing operative management for HAGL lesions were able to return to sport at their previous levels; these included Olympians and professional athletes. Conclusion: HAGL lesions typically occur in younger male patients and are often associated with Bankart lesions and bone loss. Open and arthroscopic management techniques are both effective in preventing recurrent instability.
Clinical and molecular surveillance of artemisinin resistant falciparum malaria in Myanmar (2009–2013)
Authors: Nyunt Myat Htut , Soe Myat Thu , Myint Hla Win , Oo Htet Wai , Aye Moe Moe , Han Soe Soe , Zaw Ni Ni , Cho Cho , Aung Phyo Zaw , Kyaw Khin Thiri , Aye Thin Thin , San Naychi Aung , Ortega Leonard , Thimasarn Krongthong , Bustos Maria Dorina G. , Galit Sherwin , Hoque Mohammad Rafiul , Ringwald Pascal , Han Eun-Taek , Kyaw Myat Phone 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background
Emergence of artemisinin-resistant malaria in Southeast Asian countries threatens the global control of malaria. Although K13 kelch propeller has been assessed for artemisinin resistance molecular marker, most of the mutations need to be validated. In this study, artemisinin resistance was assessed by clinical and molecular analysis, including k13 and recently reported markers, pfarps10, pffd and pfmdr2.

Methods
A prospective cohort study in 1160 uncomplicated falciparum patients was conducted after treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), in 6 sentinel sites in Myanmar from 2009 to 2013. Therapeutic efficacy of ACT was assessed by longitudinal follow ups. Molecular markers analysis was done on all available day 0 samples.

Results
True recrudescence treatment failures cases and day 3 parasite positivity were detected at only the southern Myanmar sites. Day 3 positive and k13 mutants with higher prevalence of underlying genetic foci predisposing to become k13 mutant were detected only in southern Myanmar since 2009 and comparatively fewer mutations of pfarps10, pffd, and pfmdr2 were observed in western Myanmar. K13 mutations, V127M of pfarps10, D193Y of pffd, and T448I of pfmdr2 were significantly associated with day 3 positivity (OR: 6.48, 3.88, 2.88, and 2.52, respectively).

Conclusions
Apart from k13, pfarps10, pffd and pfmdr2 are also useful for molecular surveillance of artemisinin resistance especially where k13 mutation has not been reported. Appropriate action to eliminate the resistant parasites and surveillance on artemisinin resistance should be strengthened in Myanmar.
Trial registration This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02792816.
Jan Davidsz. de Heem (1606–1684): a technical examination of fruit and flower still lifes combining MA-XRF scanning, cross-section analysis and technical historical sources
Authors: De Keyser Nouchka , Van der Snickt Geert , Van Loon Annelies , Legrand Stijn , Wallert Arie , Janssens Koen 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article discusses the technical examination of five flower and fruit still life paintings by the seventeenth century artist Jan Davidsz. de Heem (1606–1684). The painter is known for his meticulously composed and finely detailed still life paintings and is a master in imitating the surface textures of various fruits, flowers, and objects. Macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning experiments were supplemented with a study of paint cross-sections and contemporary art technical sources with the aim of reconstructing the complex build-up of the overall lay-in of the composition and individual subjects. MA-XRF provided information on the distribution of key chemical elements present in painting materials and made it possible to recapture evidence of the different phases in the artist’s working methods: from the application of the ground layers, to De Heem’s characteristic oval-shaped underpaintings, and finally, the superposition of multiple paint layers in the working up of the paintings. SEM–EDX analysis of a limited number of paint cross-sections complemented the chemical images with local and layer-specific information on the microscale, providing more accuracy on the layer sequence and enabling the study of elements with a low atomic number for which the non-invasive technique is less sensitive. The results from this technical examination were in addition compared with recipes and paint instructions, to obtain a better understanding of the relation between the general practice and actual painting technique of Jan Davidsz. de Heem. Ultimately, this combined approach uncovered new information on De Heem’s artistic practice and demonstrated the complementarity of the methods.
Improvements in Patient and Health System Outcomes Using an Integrated Oncology and Palliative Medicine Approach on a Solid Tumor Inpatient Service
Authors: Riedel Richard F. , Slusser Kim , Power Steve , Jones Christopher A. , LeBlanc Thomas W. , Kamal Arif H. , Desai Devi , Allen Deborah , Yu Yinxi , Wolf Steven , Galanos Anthony N. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose: Early palliative care (PC) improves outcomes for outpatients with advanced cancer. Its effect on hospitalized patients with cancer is unknown. Herein, we report on the influence of a novel, fully integrated inpatient medical oncology and PC partnership at a tertiary medical center during its first year of implementation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal, pre- and postintervention cohort study at Duke University Hospital. Pre- and postintervention cohorts were defined as all patients admitted to the solid tumor inpatient service from September 1, 2009, to June 30, 2010, and September 1, 2011 to June 30, 2012, respectively. We extracted patient data, including demographics, cancer diagnosis, disease status, length of stay, intensive care unit transfer rate, discharge disposition, time to emergency department return, time to readmission, and 7- and 30-day emergency department return and readmission rates. Nursing and physician surveys assessed satisfaction. Descriptive statistics, and Kruskal-Wallis and Χ2 tests were used to describe and compare cohorts. A generalized estimating equation accounted for repeated measures. Results: Pre- and postintervention analysis cohorts included 731 and 783 patients, respectively, representing a total of 1,514 patients and 2,353 encounters. Cohorts were similar in baseline characteristics. Statistically significant lower odds in 7-day readmission rates were observed in the postintervention cohort (adjusted odds ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.00; P = .0482). Patients in the postintervention group had a decrease in mean length of stay (−0.30 days; 95% CI, −0.62 to 0.02); P = .0651). We observed a trend for increasing hospice referrals ( P = .0837) and a 15% decrease in intensive care unit transfers ( P = .61). Physicians and nurses universally favored the model. Conclusion: A fully integrated inpatient partnership between PC and medical oncology is associated with significant and clinically meaningful improvements in key health system–related outcomes and indicators of quality cancer care.
Impact of Displaying Inpatient Pharmaceutical Costs at the Time of Order Entry: Lessons From a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Conway Sarah J. , Brotman Daniel J. , Pinto Brian L. , Merola David , Feldman Leonard S. , Miller Redonda G. , Shermock Kenneth M. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDA lack of cost‐conscious medication use is a major contributor to excessive healthcare expenditures in the inpatient setting. Expensive medicines are often utilized when there are comparable alternatives available at a lower cost. Increasing prescriber awareness of medication cost at the time of ordering may help promote cost‐conscious use of medications in the hospital.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of cost messaging on the ordering of 9 expensive medications.DESIGNRetrospective analysis of an institutional cost‐transparency initiative.SETTINGA 1145‐bed, tertiary care, academic medical center.PARTICIPANTSPrescribers who ordered medications through the computerized provider order entry system at the Johns Hopkins Hospital.METHODSInterrupted time series and segmented regression models were used to examine prescriber ordering before and after implementation of cost messaging for 9 high‐cost medications.RESULTSFollowing the implementation of cost messaging, no significant changes were observed in the number of orders or ordering trends for intravenous (IV) formulations of eculizumab, calcitonin, levetiracetam, linezolid, mycophenolate, ribavirin, and levothyroxine. An immediate and sustained reduction in medication utilization was seen in 2 drugs that underwent a policy change during our study, IV pantoprazole and oral voriconazole. IV pantoprazole became restricted at our facility due to a national shortage (–985 orders per 10,000 patient days; P < 0.001), and oral voriconazole was replaced with an alternative antifungal in oncology order sets (–110 orders per 10,000 patient days; P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONSPrescriber cost transparency alone did not significantly influence medication utilization at our institution. Active strategies to reduce ordering resulted in dramatic reductions in ordering.
Penentuan Tingkat Kerawanan Gempa Bumi Menggunakan Metode Refraksi Mikrotremor (ReMi) di Kota Surakarta
Authors: Pratiwi Sari 
Published: August 2017

Berdasarkan informasi dari letak geografis dan struktur geologi, Kota Surakarta termasuk wilayah yang mengalami dampak gempa bumi<sup>[1]</sup>. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi dampak dari gempa bumi yaitu melakukan analisa tingkat bahaya seismik sebagai salah satu usaha mitigasi bencana gempa dengan metode mikrotremor yang dapat diketahui nilai amplifikasi dan periode dominan. Pada penelitian telah dilakukan di Kota Surakarta menggunakan P.A.S.I Seismograph Mod. 16S24-P, 3D Borehole Geophone Model GFA 60/100. Interval pada setiap lokasi yaitu 1-3 km dengan 12 lokasi penelitian. Diperlukan waktu sekitar 20 menit dengan tiga kali pengulangan untuk perekaman data disetiap titik. Pengolahan data mikrotremor menggunakan <em>software Geopsy </em>dan <em>Surfer 11</em>. Amplifikasi rendah pada zona 1 merupakan zona yang cukup aman terhadap bahaya gempa bumi. Zona 1 berada di wilayah Mojo, Moewardi, Sangkrah, Dawung, SMPN 10, Mojosongo, Lapangan Banyuanyar, Laweyan, Karang Asem danTipes dengan amplifikasi 0,807314 sampai dengan 2,60402. Lokasi pada jenis I termasuk wilayah yang cukup aman terhadap gempa bumi karena memiliki ketebalan sedimen yang tipis daripada jenis II. Jenis I berada di wilayah Mojo, Moewardi, Sangkrah, SMPN 10, Manahan, Mojosongo, Lapangan Banyuanyar, Laweyan, Karang Asem, Jebres dan Tipes dengan periode dominan antara 0,058978s sampai dengan 0,231411s. Sebaran tingkat kerawanan gempa bumi di kota Surakarta dapat dilihat pada peta zonasi berdasarkan nilai A<sub>0</sub> dan T<sub>0</sub> yang kemudian diklasifikasikan hasilnya pada zona atau jenis tertentu sehingga diperoleh informasi berupa tingkat kerawanan dan juga jenis batuan yang tersusun dibawah permukaan tanah berdasarkan parameter yang diukur.
APLIKASI REGRESI PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE UNTUK ANALISIS HUBUNGAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Masruroh Marwah , Subekti Retno 
Published: August 2017

Human Development Index is one of the indicators to measure the success of a region in the field of human development sector. There are several factors that affect Human Development Index, such as life expentancy, the literacy rate, the average length of the school, and the index of purchasing power. The aim in this paper is to analyze the relationship between factors that affect Human Development Index in Yogyakarta using regression analysis. One of the assumptions of classical regression is not going multicollinierity. Multicollinierity cause misinterpretation of regression coefficients with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. One method used to overcome multicollinierity is Partial Least Square (PLS). The result of Human Development Index data analysis showed there was a high correlation between the predictor variables or in other words going multicollinierity, so using PLS method, we obtained adjusted R2 of 99.3% Human Development Index variables can be explained by the four predictor variables. By using PLS method, multicollinierity resolved in the problem of violation in the linear regression assumption. Keywords: IPM, OLS, regression, PLS.
Match Demands of Senior and Junior Players During International Rugby League
Authors: Dempsey Gary M. , Gibson Neil V. , Sykes Dave , Pryjmachuk Bradley C. , Turner Anthony P. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Dempsey, GM, Gibson, NV, Sykes, D, Pryjmachuk, BC, and Turner, AP. Match demands of senior and junior players during International Rugby League. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1678–1684, 2018—This study aims to quantify and compare the positional game demands of international junior and senior rugby league competition for the first time. Global positioning system (GPS) and video analysis were used to track 118 elite male rugby league players (57 seniors aged 28.7 ± 4.4 years; 61 juniors aged 17.2 ± 0.5 years) over 10 international matches (6 senior; 4 junior) characterized as either forwards (n = 67) or backs (n = 51). There were significant increases in the offensive carries (0.18 cf. 0.09 n·min−1; r = 0.56) and defensive tackles (0.36 cf. 0.23 n·min−1; r = 0.3) between senior and junior players, and forwards and backs (0.16 cf. 0.09; r = 0.34 and 0.41 cf. 0.14; r = 0.52), respectively. Running demands were significantly greater in backs than forwards (independent of playing level) for total distance (6,962 ± 1,263 m cf. 4,879 ± 1,824 m; r = 0.55), individualized high-speed distances (310 ± 158 m cf. 250 ± 171 m; r = 0.2), high-intensity accelerations (28.7 ± 12.1 m·s−1 cf. 21.9 ± 11.7 m·s−1; r = 0.27), and decelerations (57.2 ± 18.3 m·s−1 cf. 43.0 ± 17.8 m·s−1; r = 0.38). Positional differences were eliminated when reported relative to minutes played. From a practical perspective, although running demands relative to time on the pitch may prepare junior players for senior competition, it is not representative of the increased body mass and contact frequency within the senior game. Coaches should therefore reflect these differences within their physical preparation programs to prepare junior athletes accordingly for progression to the senior level.
Inhibition of spikes in an array of coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators by external periodic forcing
Authors: Adomaitienė Elena , Mykolaitis Gytis , Bumelienė Skaidra , Tamaševičius Arunas 
Published: August 2017

Damping of spikes in an array of coupled oscillators by injection of sinusoidal current is studied both electronically and numerically. The effect is investigated using an array consisting of thirty mean-field coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo-type oscillators. The results are considered as a possible mechanism of the deep brain stimulation used to avoid the symptoms of the Parkinson's disease.