bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Utility of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics to Maintain Normal Serum Potassium in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Fülöp Tibor , Zsom Lajos , Rodríguez Betzaida , Afshan Sabahat , Davidson Jamie V. , Szarvas Tibor , Dixit Mehul P. , Tapolyai Mihály B. , Rosivall László 
Published: June 2016

Background Hypokalemia is a vexing problem in end-stage renal disease patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), and oral potassium supplements (OPS) have limited palatability. Potassium-sparing diuretics (KSD) (spironolactone, amiloride) may be effective in these patients. Methods We performed a cross-sectional review of 75 current or past (vintage > 6 months) PD patients with regard to serum potassium (K+), OPS, and KSD utilization. We reviewed charts for multiple clinical and laboratory variables, including dialysis adequacy, residual renal function, nutritional status and co-existing medical therapy. Results The cohort was middle-aged with a mean age of 49.2 years (standard deviation [SD] = 14.7) and overweight with a body mass index of 29.5 (6.7) kg/m2. Of all the participants, 57.3% were female, 73.3% African-American, and 48% diabetic with an overall PD vintage of 28.2 (24.3) months at the time of enrollment. Weekly Kt/V was 2.12 (0.43), creatinine clearance was 73.5 (33.6) L/week/1.73 m2 with total daily exchange volume of 10.8 (2.7) L. Residual urine output (RUO) measured at 440 (494) mL (anuric 30.6%). Three-month averaged serum K+ measured at 4 (0.5) mmol/L with 36% of the participants receiving K+ supplements (median: 20 [0;20] mmol/day) and 41.3% KSD (spironolactone dose: 25 – 200 mg/day; amiloride dose: 5 – 10 mg/day). Serum K+ correlated positively with weekly Kt/V (r = 0.239; p = 0.039), PD vintage (r = 0.272; p = 0.018) but not with PD modality, daily exchange volume, RUO, or KSD use. However, KSD use was associated with decreased use of OPS (r = -0.646; p < 0.0001). Conclusions Potassium-sparing diuretics were effective in this cohort of PD patients and decreased the need for OPS utilization.
Les maux de la guerre à travers les mots du pilote Alex dans la série In Treatment (HBO, 2008-2010)
Authors: Hatchuel Sarah 
Published: June 2016

Cet article se propose d’analyser comment la guerre est représentée, dans la série In Treatment (HBO, 2008-2010), sans « images de guerre », à travers les simples mots d’un patient (le pilote de chasse Alex Prince) à son thérapeute. Si la guerre réapparaît, de manière décentrée, dans les attaques d’Alex envers son psychanalyste, son manque de coopération, son désir de se poser en client tout-puissant et en « mâle dominant » qui nie toute culpabilité et tout traumatisme, la guerre reste par ailleurs irreprésentable, le patient reste in-traitable, jusqu’à mettre en crise la sérialité et la continuité même du programme.
COMPARISON OF THE STRENGTH OF NORMAL AND EDGE-CUT TENSILE SPECIMENS OF STYRENE–BUTADIENE RUBBER AND NATURAL RUBBER WITH SIMILAR CROSSLINK DENSITY
Authors: Rong G. , Hamed G. R. , Jiang J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Edge cuts of various depths, c, were introduced into tensile specimens of similarly crosslinked (ρc ≈ 6 (10−5) moles of crosslinks/mL) gum (unfilled) natural rubber (NR) and gum styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR). When specimens contained no intentional cut (c = 0, i.e., normal tensile strength), the NR is about 10 times as strong as the SBR. This difference is due to the stereoregularity (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) of NR, enabling it to strain crystallize when deformed. On the other hand, SBR has an irregular, amorphous microstructure that renders it incapable of crystallization. However, for test pieces that contain an edge cut, the strength, σbc, of the NR relative to that of the SBR depends strongly on cut depth. When c ≈ 0.2 mm, the strength of both vulcanizates is reduced about 50%, and hence the ratio of strengths remains about an order of magnitude. But, with a further increase in c, the SBR exhibits a steady decrease in σbc, while the strength of the NR drops discontinuously by nearly a factor of four when c ≈ 1.7 mm. Now, the NR is only about two and one half times as strong as the SBR. Extrapolation of σbc to larger c results in a predicted cut depth c ≈ 4.3 mm, at which the strength of the NR and SBR would be similar. At sufficiently large cut depth, it appears that strain rate at the cut tip is high enough and breaking strain low enough that rupture occurs before significant strain crystallization commences.
Relationship between ureB Sequence Diversity, Urease Activity and Genotypic Variations of Different Helicobacter pylori Strains in Patients with Gastric Disorders
Authors: GHALEHNOEI HOSSEIN , AHMADZADEH ALIREZA , FARZI NASTARAN , ALEBOUYEH MASOUD , AGHDAEI HAMID ASADZADEH , AZIMZADEH PEDRAM , MOLAEI MAHSA , ZALI MOHAMMAD REZA 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Association of the severity of Helicobacter pylori induced diseases with virulence entity of the colonized strains was proven in some studies. Urease has been demonstrated as a potent virulence factor for H. pylori. The main aim of this study was investigation of the relationships of ureB sequence diversity, urease activity and virulence genotypes of different H. pylori strains with histopathological changes of gastric tissue in infected patients suffering from different gastric disorders. Analysis of the virulence genotypes in the isolated strains indicated significant associations between the presence of severe active gastritis and cagA
+
(P = 0.039) or cagA/iceA1 genotypes (P = 0.026), and intestinal metaplasia and vacA m1 (P = 0.008) or vacA s1/m2 (P = 0.001) genotypes. Our results showed a 2.4-fold increased risk of peptic ulcer (95% CI: 0.483–11.93), compared with gastritis, in the infected patients who had dupA positive strains; however this association was not statistically significant. The results of urease activity showed a significant mean difference between the isolated strains from patients with PUD and NUD (P = 0.034). This activity was relatively higher among patients with intestinal metaplasia. Also a significant association was found between the lack of cagA and increased urease activity among the isolated strains (P = 0.036). While the greatest sequence variation of ureB was detected in a strain from a patient with intestinal metaplasia, the sole determined amino acid change in UreB sequence (Ala201Thr, 30%), showed no influence on urease activity. In conclusion, the supposed role of H. pylori urease to form peptic ulcer and advancing of intestinal metaplasia was postulated in this study. Higher urease activity in the colonizing H. pylori strains that present specific virulence factors was indicated as a risk factor for promotion of histopathological changes of gastric tissue that advance gastric malignancy.
Interannual variability in net community production at the Western Antarctic Peninsula region (1997–2014)
Authors: Li Zuchuan , Cassar Nicolas , Huang Kuan , Ducklow Hugh , Schofield Oscar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this study, we examined the interannual variability of net community production (NCP) in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) using in situ O2/Ar‐NCP estimates (2008–2014) and satellite data (SeaWiFS and MODIS‐Aqua) from 1997 to 2014. We found that NCP generally first peaks offshore and follows sea‐ice retreat from offshore to inshore. Annually integrated NCP (ANCP) displays an onshore‐to‐offshore gradient, with coastal and shelf regions up to 8 times more productive than offshore regions. We examined potential drivers of interannual variability in the ANCP using an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The EOF's first mode explains ∼50% of the variance, with high interannual variability observed seaward of the shelf break. The first principal component is significantly correlated with the day of sea‐ice retreat (R = −0.58,p < 0.05), as well as the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate indices in austral spring. Although the most obvious pathway by which the day of sea‐ice retreat influences NCP is by controlling light availability early in the growing season, we found that the effect of day of sea‐ice retreat on NCP persists throughout the growing season, suggesting that additional controls, such as iron availability, are preconditioned or correlated to the day of sea‐ice retreat.
Scalable subsurface inverse modeling of huge data sets with an application to tracer concentration breakthrough data from magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lee Jonghyun , Yoon Hongkyu , Kitanidis Peter K. , Werth Charles J. , Valocchi Albert J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCharacterizing subsurface properties is crucial for reliable and cost‐effective groundwater supply management and contaminant remediation. With recent advances in sensor technology, large volumes of hydrogeophysical and geochemical data can be obtained to achieve high‐resolution images of subsurface properties. However, characterization with such a large amount of information requires prohibitive computational costs associated with “big data” processing and numerous large‐scale numerical simulations. To tackle such difficulties, the principal component geostatistical approach (PCGA) has been proposed as a “Jacobian‐free” inversion method that requires much smaller forward simulation runs for each iteration than the number of unknown parameters and measurements needed in the traditional inversion methods. PCGA can be conveniently linked to any multiphysics simulation software with independent parallel executions. In this paper, we extend PCGA to handle a large number of measurements (e.g., 106 or more) by constructing a fast preconditioner whose computational cost scales linearly with the data size. For illustration, we characterize the heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity (K) distribution in a laboratory‐scale 3‐D sand box using about 6 million transient tracer concentration measurements obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. Since each individual observation has little information on the K distribution, the data were compressed by the zeroth temporal moment of breakthrough curves, which is equivalent to the mean travel time under the experimental setting. Only about 2000 forward simulations in total were required to obtain the best estimate with corresponding estimation uncertainty, and the estimated K field captured key patterns of the original packing design, showing the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Solar cycle variability in mean thermospheric composition and temperature induced by atmospheric tides
Authors: Jones M. , Forbes J. M. , Hagan M. E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper we demonstrate that dissipation of upward propagating tides produces significant changes in the mean temperature of the thermosphere, ranging from +19 K at solar minimum to −15 K at solar maximum in the equatorial region. Our methodology consists of measuring the differential response of the thermosphere‐ionosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model (TIE‐GCM) under solar minimum and solar maximum conditions to constant tidal forcing at its 97 km lower boundary, as specified by the observationally based Climatological Tidal Model of the Thermosphere. Diagnosis of the model reveals that these changes are mainly driven by 5.3 μm nitric oxide (NO) cooling, which more efficiently cools the thermosphere at solar maximum. The main role of the tides is to modify the mean molecular oxygen densities ([O2]) through tidal‐induced advective transport, which then lead to changes in NO densities through oxygen‐nitrogen chemistry. Through tidal‐induced changes in temperature and O, O2, and N2 densities, effects on the ionosphere are also quite substantial; tidal‐induced modifications to zonal‐mean F region peak electron densities (NmF2) are of order −10% at solar maximum and −30% at solar minimum in the equatorial region. Our results introduce an additional consideration when attributing long‐term changes in thermospheric temperature and electron densities to CO2 cooling effects alone; that is, dissipation of upward propagating tides may constitute an additional element of global change in the ionosphere‐thermosphere (IT) system.
Micromechanics of brittle faulting and cataclastic flow in Mount Etna basalt
Authors: Zhu Wei , Baud Patrick , Vinciguerra Sergio , Wong Teng‐fong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how the strength of volcanic rocks varies with stress state, pressure, and microstructural attributes is fundamental to understanding the dynamics and tectonics of a volcanic system and also very important in applications such as geothermics or reservoir management in volcanic environments. In this study we investigated the micromechanics of deformation and failure in basalt, focusing on samples from Mount Etna. We performed 65 uniaxial and triaxial compression experiments on nominally dry and water‐saturated samples covering a porosity range between 5 and 16%, at effective pressures up to 200 MPa. Dilatancy and brittle faulting were observed in all samples with porosity of 5%. Water‐saturated samples were found to be significantly weaker than comparable dry samples. Shear‐enhanced compaction was observed at effective pressures as low as 80 MPa in samples of 8% porosity. Microstructural data revealed the complex interplay of microcracks, pores, and phenocrysts on dilatant failure and inelastic compaction in basalt. The micromechanics of brittle failure is controlled by wing crack propagation under triaxial compression and by pore‐emanated cracking under uniaxial compression especially in the more porous samples. The mechanism of inelastic compaction in basalt is cataclastic pore‐collapse in agreement with a recent dual‐porosity model.
Modeling the QBO—Improvements resulting from higher‐model vertical resolution
Authors: Geller Marvin A. , Zhou Tiehan , Shindell D. , Ruedy R. , Aleinov I. , Nazarenko L. , Tausnev N. L. , Kelley M. , Sun S. , Cheng Y. , Field R. D. , Faluvegi G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUsing the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) climate model, it is shown that with proper choice of the gravity wave momentum flux entering the stratosphere and relatively fine vertical layering of at least 500 m in the upper troposphere‐lower stratosphere (UTLS), a realistic stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) is modeled with the proper period, amplitude, and structure down to tropopause levels. It is furthermore shown that the specified gravity wave momentum flux controls the QBO period whereas the width of the gravity wave momentum flux phase speed spectrum controls the QBO amplitude. Fine vertical layering is required for the proper downward extension to tropopause levels as this permits wave‐mean flow interactions in the UTLS region to be resolved in the model. When vertical resolution is increased from 1000 to 500 m, the modeled QBO modulation of the tropical tropopause temperatures increasingly approach that from observations, and the “tape recorder” of stratospheric water vapor also approaches the observed. The transport characteristics of our GISS models are assessed using age‐of‐air and N2O diagnostics, and it is shown that some of the deficiencies in model transport that have been noted in previous GISS models are greatly improved for all of our tested model vertical resolutions. More realistic tropical‐extratropical transport isolation, commonly referred to as the “tropical pipe,” results from the finer vertical model layering required to generate a realistic QBO.
Dynamics of Repeated Interviews with Children
Authors: Waterhouse Genevieve F. , Ridley Anne M. , Bull Ray , La Rooy David , Wilcock Rachel 
Published: June 2016

SummaryConcerns regarding repeat interviews with child witnesses include greater use of suggestive questions in later interviews due to bias, and that children may appear inconsistent and, therefore, be judged as less reliable in court. UK transcripts of first and second interviews with 21 child victims/witnesses (conducted by qualified interviewers) were coded for question types and child responses. Interviewers were consistent in their proportional use of question types across interviews. Furthermore, children were as informative in second interviews as in first, mostly providing new details consistent with their prior recall. Despite the apparent lack of training in conducting repeated interviews, no negative effects were found; second interviews appeared to be conducted as well as initial interviews, and children provided new details without many contradictions. It is suggested that when a child's testimony is paramount for an investigation, a well‐conducted supplementary interview may be an effective way of gaining further investigative leads.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secondhand smoke in the operating room? Precautionary practices lacking for surgical smoke
Authors: Steege Andrea L. , Boiano James M. , Sweeney Marie H. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundConsensus organizations, government bodies, and healthcare organization guidelines recommend that surgical smoke be evacuated at the source by local exhaust ventilation (LEV) (i.e., smoke evacuators or wall suctions with inline filters).MethodsData are from NIOSH's Health and Safety Practices Survey of Healthcare Workers module on precautionary practices for surgical smoke.ResultsFour thousand five hundred thirty‐three survey respondents reported exposure to surgical smoke: 4,500 during electrosurgery; 1,392 during laser surgery procedures. Respondents were mainly nurses (56%) and anesthesiologists (21%). Only 14% of those exposed during electrosurgery reported LEV was always used during these procedures, while 47% reported use during laser surgery. Those reporting LEV was always used were also more likely to report training and employer standard procedures addressing the hazards of surgical smoke. Few respondents reported use of respiratory protection.ConclusionsStudy findings can be used to raise awareness of the marginal use of exposure controls and impediments for their use. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:1020–1031, 2016. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Die Basislinie der chemischen Verschiebung in Hochdruck‐NMR‐Spektren von Proteinen
Authors: Frach Roland , Kibies Patrick , Böttcher Saraphina , Pongratz Tim , Strohfeldt Steven , Kurrmann Simon , Koehler Joerg , Hofmann Martin , Kremer Werner , Kalbitzer Hans Robert , Reiser Oliver , Horinek Dominik , Kast Stefan M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDie Hochdruck‐NMR‐Spektroskopie ist wichtig für die Detektion selten auftretender Proteinzustände mithilfe der Druckabhängigkeit der chemischen Verschiebung. Für die Analyse dieser Verschiebungen muss allerdings der Ursprung der beobachteten Druckabhängigkeit verstanden werden. Es werden Hochdruck‐NMR‐Ergebnisse für 15N‐angereichertes N‐Methylacetamid (NMA) in Wasser als Modell für Peptidbindungen vorgestellt. Diese werden mit quantenchemischen Berechnungen der zugehörigen magnetischen Parameter unter Verwendung eines druckempfindlichen Solvensmodells kombiniert. Die Analyse der theoretischen Ergebnisse für NMA und den experimentellen Standard DSS zeigt, dass ein wesentlicher Teil der Änderungen der chemischen Verschiebung auf die solvensinduzierte elektronische Polarisation des Rückgrats zurückgeht. Weiterhin zeigt die magnetische Abschirmung von DSS nur geringe Empfindlichkeit für Druckänderungen, weswegen der DSS‐Standard ein zuverlässiger Sensor druckabhängiger solvensvermittelter Variationen des lokalen magnetischen Felds ist.
Generalizing the Concept of Specific Compound Formulation Additives towards Non‐Fluorescent Drugs: A Solubilization Study on Potential Anti‐Alzheimer‐Active Small‐Molecule Compounds
Authors: Lawatscheck Carmen , Pickhardt Marcus , Wieczorek Sebastian , Grafmüller Andrea , Mandelkow Eckhard , Börner Hans G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTailor‐made compound formulation additives enable the testing of potential drugs with undesirable pharmacological profiles. A combinatorial approach using Raman microscopy as the readout method is presented to select peptide sequences from large one‐bead‐one‐compound libraries. The resulting peptide–PEG conjugates solubilize potential prophylactic and therapeutic anti‐Alzheimer compounds and can be used as specific additives not only for fluorescent but also for non‐fluorescent compounds.
Remarkable Improvement in the Mechanical Properties and CO2 Uptake of MOFs Brought About by Covalent Linking to Graphene
Authors: Kumar Ram , Raut Devaraj , Ramamurty Upadrasta , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are exceptional as gas adsorbents but their mechanical properties are poor. We present a successful strategy to improve the mechanical properties along with gas adsorption characteristics, wherein graphene (Gr) is covalently bonded with M/DOBDC (M=Mg2+, Ni2+, or Co2+, DOBDC=2,5‐dioxido‐1,4‐benzene dicarboxylate) MOFs. The surface area of the graphene–MOF composites increases up to 200–300 m2 g−1 whereas the CO2 uptake increases by ca. 3–5 wt % at 0.15 atm and by 6–10 wt % at 1 atm. What is significant is that the composites exhibit improved mechanical properties. In the case of Mg/DOBDC, a three‐fold increase in both the elastic modulus and hardness with 5 wt % graphene reinforcement is observed. Improvement in both the mechanical properties and gas adsorption characteristics of porous MOFs on linking them to graphene is a novel observation and suggests a new avenue for the design and synthesis of porous materials.
Viscoelastic properties of borax loaded CMC‐g‐cl‐poly(AAm) hydrogel composites and their boron nutrient release behavior
Authors: Sarkar Dhruba Jyoti , Singh Anupama , Gaur Shalini Rudra , Shenoy Aroon V 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBorax (Na2B4O7, 10.5% Boron) loaded CMC‐g‐cl‐poly(AAm) hydrogel composites were prepared byin situgrafting of acrylamide on to sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in the presence of borax by free radical polymerization technique to develop slow boron (B) delivery device. The composition, morphology, and mechanical properties of synthesized composites were studied by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, texture analyser, and dynamic shear rheometer. Characterization revealed formation of borate ion () from borax during polymerization reaction leading to extensive crosslinking of cellulosic chains and generation of mechanically strong composite hydrogels. Dynamic release offrom the synthesized composites hydrogels followed Fickian diffusion mechanism and composites with high mechanical strength resulted in slow release of B. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43969.
Responding to Global Challenges in Food, Energy, Environment and Water: Risks and Options Assessment for Decision‐Making
Authors: Grafton R. Quentin , McLindin Mahala , Hussey Karen , Wyrwoll Paul , Wichelns Dennis , Ringler Claudia , Garrick Dustin , Pittock Jamie , Wheeler Sarah , Orr Stuart , Matthews Nathanial , Ansink Erik , Aureli Alice , Connell Daniel , De Stefano Lucia , Dowsley Kate , Farolfi Stefano , Hall Jim , Katic Pamela , Lankford Bruce , Leckie Hannah , McCartney Matthew , Pohlner Huw , Ratna Nazmun , Rubarenzya Mark Henry , Sai Raman Shriman Narayan , Wheeler Kevin , Williams John 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe analyse the threats of global environmental change, as they relate to food security. First, we review three discourses: (i) ‘sustainable intensification’, or the increase of food supplies without compromising food producing inputs, such as soils and water; (ii) the ‘nexus’ that seeks to understand links across food, energy, environment and water systems; and (iii) ‘resilience thinking’ that focuses on how to ensure the critical capacities of food, energy and water systems are maintained in the presence of uncertainties and threats. Second, we build on these discourses to present the causal, risks and options assessment for decision‐making process to improve decision‐making in the presence of risks. The process provides a structured, but flexible, approach that moves from problem diagnosis to better risk‐based decision‐making and outcomes by responding to causal risks within and across food, energy, environment and water systems.