bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drilling Performance Automation Introduction in Middle East Asia
Authors: Sadhwani Khushboo , Sanderson Martin , MacFarlane John , Ibrahim Sameh , Garcia Jorge Navarro 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
To attain maximum Rate of Penetration (ROP) with a process for systematic performance improvement for a given; Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) and a Bit design is a big challenge. Maximizing ROP includes minimizing the time to drill the well and simultaneously minimizing the exposure time for unsealed formations. In order to provide a solution to this critical issue, schlumberger software that defines optimal ROP was deployed to various fields in Iraq, Kuwait and Abu Dhabi.
This paper presents an integrated multidisciplinary process developed to successfully implement the software in the various hole – size section of a well. The Software application contains a Detournay model of the PDC bit cutting action, in conjunction with automated off-bottom calibration routines and changepoint technology to continually fit the model to real time drilling data, allowing automatic identification of formation change. We were able to achieve the highest ROP with the most efficient mechanical specific energy, and drill with the correct balance between RPM (Rotations per Minute) and WOB (weight on Bit) for a specific formation – thereby reducing the waste of energy owing to inefficient drilling parameters.
Drilling parameter recommendations were made in Advise Mode, in which recommendations were passed to the driller on the rig floor for him to execute those. The next phase of implementation is to move to Control Mode, which means the target parameters will be sent directly to the rig control system. Implementation of the workflow helped to improve the on bottom ROP. This improvement consequently resulted in savings of up to several days. This workflow will be implemented across all the future wells in the field and across all applicable hole-sizes of the wells.
Using this Workflow, engineers across various disciplines successfully integrated the simulations and modeling during the design phase of a BHA and bit. Information on the Lithology along with the designed BHA/bit was used as an input for the software to help generate the best fit drilling parameters. The software-recommended drilling parameters were then executed and monitored in real time while drilling. The workflow also provided room for continuous improvement by using the lessons learnt and best practices implemented while drilling as an input for the next run of the software. This closed-loop workflow has consistently shown improvement across various fields and made tracking and improving drilling performance fairly automated
Photo Realistic 3D Cloud of Points of Subsea Structures in Utilizing Rov
Authors: Shehhi Saif Al , Sayed Talal A , Hammadi Hassan Al , Mukhmari Hisham Al , Dhanhani Khalfan Al , Kallinkil Shammas 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In the oil industry it is always challenging to visualize a full subsea structure or pipeline with precise as built/ as found dimensions or information due to limited visibility underwater and limited accuracy of underwater positioning. But wouldn't it be much easier if you can visualize underwater with same accuracy and details as onshore.
Fortunately Photo Realistic 3D Cloud (PRC), a cutting edge innovative technology have allowed to scan complete structures underwater to create a 3D Cloud of millions of points presenting the as-built of the scanned structure, giving very accurate measurements more than 1/1000 (ex: 1mm accuracy in a 1m measurement)Using breakthrough advanced optical sensors and mathematical disciplines.
Adopting this technology along with driverless ROV inspection on our aged critical subsea structures, in ADMA OPCO, has allowed obtaining comprehensive inspection data, much superior to typical diver inspections, along with precise 3-Dimensional overview of the structure like never before.
This enabled us to locate defects, as found underwater on to a 3-d model of the structure with dimensional accuracy making it easier for the engineering team siting on-shore to assess condition of the structure like never before. 3D model also severs as a record for future reference and allows a freedom to have a virtual mockup of the mitigations required on the structure. This means future site visits are minimized, saving substantial cost and time.
Empowering Knowledge Management by Human Engagement
Authors: Almaghaslah A. M. , Alsaglab W. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
A modern approach to knowledge management is proposed to resolve one of the major challenges to knowledge management lifecycle, which is people involvement and buy-in. Human motivation and participation directly influence the success of knowledge management activities and outcomes in any organization especially in Petroleum Industry where knowledge has become a cornerstone to daily operations from exploration to distribution. Knowledge management is a dynamic system that organizations use to identify important information, collect it from those who possess it, store it and share it with others. Organizations use such information to improve their processes, customer relations, decision-making, employee morale, performance and profit. This paper proposes a rating and recognition technique that can foster employees' engagement and participation during the knowledge management lifecycle. An automated rating is used for each potential knowledge, which are information that can evolve into useful knowledge to the organization. Rating is based on the summation of points given to potential knowledge entering the lifecycle. Rating based knowledge management lifecycle proposed in this paper links knowledge Phases with knowledge lifecycle actions. Knowledge phases are knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, knowledge structuring, knowledge utilization, and knowledge auditing. Knowledge lifecycle actions are created, stored, shared, used, and reviewed. Helpdesk IT support is used in this paper as a study case where points are granted to potential knowledge when a support case solution is submitted, used for current incident, used for other incidents, resolved an incident, rated by customer, and rated by other support personnel. Effective knowledge management system requires effective participation of knowledge provides. Management should keep knowledge contributions consistent by rewarding knowledge contributors. Knowledge contributors are not only people who help transforming information to knowledge but all members who contribute to the knowledge management system processes such knowledge users, evaluators and others who help the knowledge to evolve. This approach engages employees through positive competition. It motivates employees to provide good quality solutions that can build a knowledgebase.
Less Corrosive, Non-Damaging Iron Sulfide Scale Remover
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Shawabkeh Reyad , Bahgat Mohamed 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Iron sulfide scale is a common scale in sour oil and gas wells. It can form in wells producing oil and gas, as well as water injection wells. Iron sulfide scale has different forms based on the iron-to-sulfur ratio. Iron sulfide scale can form in soft forms that are removed easily by acids such as phyrrotite. The scale can also form in hard forms such as pyrite that is difficult to remove by acids. Several attempts have been made to investigate the removal of different forms of iron sulfide. Scale can reduce production and injection rates. At the end, it may completely plug the tubing and the only remedy will be to change the tubing. In the previous work either low pH corrosive fluids were used or high pH fluids with low solubility.
In this study, we introduced a new formulation to remove the iron sulfide scale (especially the hard scale) pyrite form of the iron sulfide. The new formulation has a pH value greater than six with low corrosion rate. Solubility, stability, as well as corrosion experiments, were performed to assess the new formulation. The new formulation is based on a chelating agent and a low pH fluid mixture. Also coreflooding experiments were performed on carbonate cores to assess the performance of the new formulation if it invaded the near-wellbore during scale removal operations.
The XRD of actual scale sample from a gas producer well showed that the scale sample contains 43 % pyrite, 35% mackinawite, and 22% iron silicon compounds. The scale solubility reached 81.6% using the new formulation. The new formulation remained stable for more than 48 hours at a high temperature. The corrosion rate of actual tubing coupons was 0.03 lb/ft2 without using corrosion inhibitors at 125°C/257°F. This corrosion rate within the allowable limit for the industry standards (should be less than (0.05 lb/ft2). Coreflooding experiments showed permeability enhancement using the new formulation which eliminates the risk of using this chemical in scale removal because it will not cause formation damage to the near-wellbore if it invades the formation.
Seeing Your Reflections Revealing Your Data in the World of Point Source, Point Receiver Acquisition - A Case Study
Authors: Maycock Andy 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Latest evolutions in seismic data acquisition have led to ever increasing improvements in resolution. Finer source and receiver sampling intervals, combined with a move away from receiver arrays have led to the acquisition of the fully sampled signal and noise fields. However, modern acquisition means potentially higher fidelity data is masked by noise requiring exceptionally careful processing and QC.
Unmigrated Qusawhira raw stacks show little or no coherent energy, indicating that data noise content vastly outweighs signal. The Qusawhira processing flow employs successive algorithms to incrementally remove "layers" of noise generated through different mechanisms. Throughout each stage, QC data was broken down into frequency bands to identify noise and signal signatures while gauging the efficacy of processes employed. Selective Pre Stack Time Migrations (PSTM) were run to ensure the integrity of results. Applying the QC methodology outlined revealed unexpected results in several cases.
Acquisition utilizing Geophone Accelerometers (GACs) requires integrating to velocity in order that processes behave as we expect in the velocity processing world. As GAC amplitude response increases at 6dB/Octave, low frequencies are suppressed. Correcting to velocity at a primary stage ensures that low frequency response can be thoroughly assessed. Acceleration to velocity correction on Qusawhira was considered a critical enabler for QC.
In this paper I critically review initial seismic processing steps employed on the recently acquired Qusawhira "S4" survey and illustrate how seismic processing and QC must evolve with the changing nature of our data. Default processing parameters, including those hard coded, should be reviewed to ensure they are appropriate for modern broad band data. QC migrations should be performed at an early stage to confirm diffracted energy is not harmed.
A Novel Approach for Stimulation of Heterogeneous Thin Layered Reservoir in an Offshore Field, Abu Dhabi
Authors: Nofal S. F. , Ahmad F. , Al Alyak A. A. , AL-Mansouri S. S. , Husain A. , Al-Neaimi A. K. , Al-Marzouqi A. A. , Channa Z. , Al Harbi A. B. , Iwama H. , AL-Kasasbeh A. , El-sheikh H. M. , Khemissa H. , Mefleh I. R. , Al-Shamsi M. K. , Hermawirawan L. , Ahmed M. A. , Sarsekov A. B. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The current practice of stimulating thin layered carbonate reservoir using conventional acid stimulation techniques (CT stimulation or Bull-heading with CDC) have proven to be ineffective and inefficient as acid tends to propagate more in the higher permeable streaks than low permeable ones. The new approach aims at addressing this problem by increasing the contact surface in the lower permeable streaks to improve its productivity using expanding metal needles.
The vendor has developed a new method for acid stimulation of carbonate reservoirs. The system is encompassed in self-contained subs which are integrated in the open-hole liner and placed opposite to zones of interest. Acid is bullheaded and a large number of small diameter tubes (needles) jet out simultaneously from the wellbore to penetrate the reservoir, creating numerous flow tunnels.
The major application for this technology is to enhance well productivity by connecting the wellbore to the body of the reservoir with as many as 300 flow tunnels. These tunnels drain increase the surface area of the low permeability reservoir layers exposed to flow and hence increase well productivity and reserve recovery.
After completing the stimulation job, a special tool is run to clear the open-hole liner from the metal tubes and keep production ports open to allow accessibility to reservoir for injection or production as well as running of production logging tools for reservoir monitoring.
The new system (4-1/2″) was successfully installed in one well but cleaning of open-hole liner failed due to design problem related to the cleaning tool. Several meetings with vendors have resulted in a wealth of lessons learned on how to improve the system for future application. As such the well is capable to flow but accessibility for intervention is limited.
The initial unloading of the well showed encouraging results from the Fishbone stimulation however later the analysis of flow test monitoring with bottom hole pressure showed decrease in productivity by 35% within short diction of time (~ 2 months). This type of performance has not been seen in other open hole horizontal wells in the field. Also the GOR of the well has increasing trend from the beginning of the production, possibly due to developed communication with top high GOR layer.
Near Infra-Red Based Multiphase Flow Characterization Using Spectroradiometer
Authors: Mah Abdullah , Arsalan Muhammad , Abdullatif Abdullah , Noui-Mehidi Mohamed N. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The objective of this work is to establish suitability of using reflected near infra-red (NIR) spectra to characterize and quantify oil and water multiphase flow. Experiments were performed in a laboratory environment measuring NIR reflected spectra of mineral oil and water and their mixtures to identify the distinctive features to compute water contents in representative mineral oil. A spectroradiometer used to experiment with water contamination in mineral oil clearly shows a reflectance of mineral oil at an electromagnetic spectrum range between 1,200 nm and 1,400 nm, and particularly at 1,290 nm to 1,295 nm, successively being reduced with the increasing water fraction in the mixtures. A formula is derived from the best fit quadratic regression method to compute water contents from reflectance of a mineral oil and water mixture in a laboratory environment.
Rejuvenating a High GOR, Light Oil Reservoir Using AICD Completion Technology for Gas Control
Authors: Ahmad Fazeel , Al-Neaimi Ahmed Khalifa , Saif Omar Yousef , Channa Zohaib , Iwama Hiroki , Sarsekov Arlen , El-Sayed Hussein Saad , Konopczynski Michael , Ismail Ismarullizam Mohd , Abazeed Osama 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The gaint oilfield offshore Abu Dhabi was discovered in 1963 and came online in 1967. Horizontal drilling was introduced in 1989 to enhance recovery efficiency, leading to a large stock of horizontal wells to date. With the maturation and depletion of the field, areas of high, non-associated gas saturation have developed, and subsequent breakthrough to the horizontal production wells have resulted in high GOR that is above the shareholder's guideline. Many wells have been shut in due to high GOR.
Controlling uneven production and early gas breakthrough are the main challenges to achieving target production and maximum hydrocarbon recovery. Inflow control devices (ICDs) create additional pressure drop to balance the production flux, but cannot restrict unwanted effluents ‘gas/water’ once they break through.
The Autonomous Inflow Control Device (AICD) is an active flow control device that delivers a variable flow restriction in response to the properties (viscosity) of the fluid flowing through it. Gas flowing through the device is restricted more than oil. When used in an oil well segmented into multiple compartments, this design prevents excessive gas production when gas breakthrough occurs in one or more compartments.
An evaluation of remedial advanced completion methods was conducted to select the best method of recompleting the shut-in wells and restoring oil production while controlling gas breakthrough. The solution must not only control gas production from zones of the well with high gas saturation now, but must be able to react to future increase in gas saturation in other zones as depletion continues.
The "levitating disk" style AICD is ideally suited to this challenge, with the ability to greatly restrict the production from zones with high gas volume fractions. Modeling has indicated that total GOR can be reduced by 40% and total gas production reduced by over 60% compared to an open hole completion.
This paper illustrates how AICD technology can enable operators to re-activate wells shut-in due to high GOR. This paper also describes a systematic approach for modelling flow in horizontal wells with AICD's, and presents an evaluation comparing different completion technologies used to control excessive gas production and maximize oil recovery.
Development of New Geopolymer Material as Alternative Plug for Cement in CO2 Sequestration
Authors: Faqir Naim M. , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Mahmoud Mohammd , Shawabkeh Reyad 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Maintaining CO2 in gas and oil wells is a challenge in CO2 sequestration. The downhole forces on the pumped cement between the casing and the drilled formation lead to failure of cement, and hence the well integrity can be affected. Furthermore, the prolong interaction between the stored CO2 and the casted cement can lead to corrosion of embedded well tubulars. This deterioration of the casted well is a major cause of cracking and channeling of the cement matrix resulted in early gas migration. Such problems can lead to early workover jobs or shutting-down some wells that resulted in losing its productivity.
This work aims at developing a new material from clay that has a high resistance to CO2 in upstream for plugging CO2 storage wells. The synthesis conditions as well as the adsorption-desorption characteristics at simulated well condition will be presented. Then a model that simulates the adsorption isotherms and the thermodynamic properties for the interaction between the developed material and the CO2 will be investigated.
The developed material demonstrated lower porosity and permeability, and higher compressive strength than the conventional cement plug. Thermogravimetric and thermal stability of the developed geopolymer sample showed a minimal variation in weight loss with incremental heating up to 420 °C. Adsorption-desorption of CO2 at various modeled temperature showed an endothermic and spontaneous process with maximum adsorption capacity of 800 mg/g obtained at 660 psi. Higher pressure lead to more storage capacity with physisorption hysteresis curves. The novelty of this work is the development of new geopolymer material that can substitute the conventional cement plug for upstream carbon capture and sequestration.
Seismic Technologies for Unconventional Reservoir Development
Authors: Johnston Rodney 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Unconventional reservoirs have revolutionized the global resource supply picture and represent significant opportunities for countries around the world. Whether rock matrix or fluid properties deviate from what we may consider conventional, success in this environment requires a close integration between both subsurface characterisation and efficient engineering practices. Among the disciplines involved, geophysics plays a role in describing the sub-surface and where to develop: rock type, fluids and fractures through seismic-derived attributes. The ability to convert amplitudes from seismic into a desired rock property attribute isolated from other properties depends on: 1) the rocks and fluids under investigation, 2) acquiring and processing high quality seismic indicative of the reflection process deep underground, and 3) the particular model used for wave propagation and reflections in the earth. Microseismic, as a technqiue which monitors changes in stress, provides a guide to how the reservoir responds dynamically to stimulation and production. Based on the same wave propagation in the earth, the two techniques are linked and complimentary. Due to the heterogeneity associated with unconventional reservoirs and their depositional environments, data acquisition choices are key to unlocking detailed and robust information about the rocks and fluids through processing and analysis. Factors important for the long-term technology vision required for unconventional reservoir development are acquisition market solutions and thinking in the industry: equipment being developed and its suitability for operations in different land environments with the intensity we desire. We recognize that efficient and cost effective dense sampling of sources and receivers is what we wish to aim for. Dense spatial sampling stabilizes the higher-order attributes we need, and a more complete description of the elastic earth provides complimentary information using P- and S-waves acquired with multi-component sensors. While BP and the industry are working on the efficiency side, we need to continue to think of novel ways to produce the right equipment in large quantities such that adequate 5D wavefield sampling becomes practical.
Changing Industry Dynamics and the Skills Imperative
Authors: Raza Mohsin , Hussain Naeem ul 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objectives / Scope
The upstream oil and gas industry has undergone some salient changes that are having a domino effect on human resources. Exploration projects are increasing in complexity with deeper wells, more remote geographics, necessitating a greater role of technology and skills. Due to a downwards trend in oil price, many companies are either downsizing or making their employees do more with less.
This paper explores the impact of these trends on the mandate of HR which is shifting from a back office function to a new role as a key strategic partner at the heart of the company's operations.

Methods, Procedures & Process
In May 2012, Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL) contracted Schulumberger Business Consulting (SBC) to review the suitability of the organizational structure and growth pattern in consonance with the company's growth strategy. An assessment was carried out of manpower requirements against industry benchmarks similar to size and business of PPL both in terms of production / reserves and projects.
As a consequence of this study an Online Employee Appraisal Process (OEAS) was developed by PPL – aimed at leveraging analytics in human capital management. Based on empirical evidence collected through OEAS the company has improved its ability to develop and deploy its people with greater efficiency. Skill management, fortified by analytics forms the basis of improved company performance.
Based on PPL's experiences and research this paper will focus on issues and related strategies to address the current challenges faced by the company. The paper will consider the future of work in the Oil and Gas Industry and how analytics are transforming talent, including: The use of technology as a talent multiplier.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
The capability to develop and enrich human capital and, at the same time, to respond to technological advances, has become a major differentiating factor for company's who attract, nurture, motivate and retain their work force from those who do not. This paper will interest organizations wanting to strengthen their internal human factors capability.