bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poorer outcomes and greater healthcare costs for hospitalised older people with dementia and delirium: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tropea Joanne , LoGiudice Dina , Liew Danny , Gorelik Alexandra , Brand Caroline 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo compare healthcare utilisation outcomes among older hospitalised patients with and without cognitive impairment, and to compare the costs associated with these outcomes.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of administrative data from a large teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia from 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2012. People with cognitive impairment were defined as having dementia or delirium coded during the admission. Outcome measures included length of stay, unplanned readmissions within 28 days and costs associated with these outcomes. Regression analysis was used to compare differences between those with and without cognitive impairment.ResultsThere were 93 300 hospital admissions included in the analysis. 6459 (6.9%) involved cognitively impaired patients. The adjusted median length of stay was significantly higher for the cognitively impaired group compared with the non‐cognitively impaired group (7.4 days 6.7–10.0 vs 6.6 days, interquartile range 5.7–8.3; p < 0.001). There were no differences in odds of 28‐day readmission. When only those discharged back to their usual residence were included in the analysis, the risk of 28‐day readmission was significantly higher for those with cognitive impairment compared with those without. The cost of admissions involving patients with cognitive impairment was 51% higher than the cost of those without cognitive impairment.ConclusionsHospitalised people with cognitive impairment experience significantly greater length of stay and when discharged to their usual residence are more likely to be readmitted to hospital within 28 days compared with those without cognitive impairment. The costs associated with hospital episodes and 28‐day readmissions are significantly higher for those with cognitive impairment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional imaging technologies: a priority for the advancement of tissue engineering and a challenge for the imaging community
Authors: Teodori Laura , Crupi Annunziata , Costa Alessandra , Diaspro Alberto , Melzer Susanne , Tarnok Attila 
Published: April 2016

Tissue engineering/regenerative medicine (TERM) is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principle of engineering and life sciences to restore/replace damaged tissues/organs within vitroartificially‐created ones. Research on TERM quickly moves forward. Today newest technologies and discoveries, such as 3D‐/bio‐printing, allowin vitrofabrication ofex‐novomade tissues/organs, opening the door to wide and probably never‐ending application possibilities, from organ transplant to drug discovery, high content screening and replacement of laboratory animals. Imaging techniques are fundamental tools for the characterization of tissue engineering (TE) products at any stage, from biomaterial/scaffold to construct/organ analysis. Indeed, tissue engineers need versatile imaging methods capable of monitoring not only morphological but also functional and molecular features, allowing three‐dimensional (3D) and time‐lapsein vivoanalysis, in a non‐destructive, quantitative, multidimensional analysis of TE constructs, to analyze their pre‐implantation quality assessment and their fate after implantation. This review focuses on the newest developments in imaging technologies and applications in the context of requirements of the different steps of the TERM field, describing strengths and weaknesses of the current imaging approaches.magnified image
Red cell exchange to mitigate a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction in a patient transfused with incompatible red blood cells
Authors: Irani Mehraboon S. , Karafin Matthew S. , Ernster Luke 
Published: April 2016

PurposeA red cell exchange was performed to prevent a potentially fatal hemolytic transfusion reaction in a patient with anti‐e who was transfused with e‐antigen unscreened red blood cells during liver transplant surgery.Case ReportA 64‐year‐old woman with cirrhosis due to hepatitis C was scheduled to receive a liver transplant. She had a previously documented anti‐e, an antibody to the Rh(e)‐antigen that is known to cause delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. Pre‐operatively and intra‐operatively, she had massive hemorrhage which required transfusion of 34 e‐antigen unscreened red blood cells (RBCs) most of which were incompatible. The hemoglobin dropped from 9.1 g/dL on post‐operative day (POD)1 to 6.6 g/dL on POD6, with no evidence of blood loss. The bilirubin also increased from 5.0 mg/dL on POD 1 to 11.0 mg/dL on POD 6. As she was also becoming more hemodynamically unstable, a red cell exchange with 10 units of e‐negative RBCs was performed on POD 6. She improved clinically and was extubated the following day. A few residual transfused e‐positive red cells were detected after the red cell exchange until POD 13.ConclusionThis case illustrates how a red cell exchange can mitigate the potentially harmful effects of a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by red cell antibodies. With massive intraoperative blood loss it may not be possible to have antigen‐negative RBCs immediately available, particularly for the e‐antigen, which is present in 98% of the donor population. The ability to perform such a procedure may be life‐saving in such patients. J. Clin. Apheresis 32:59–61, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Soil Water Content and Root Patterns in a Rain‐fed Jujube Plantation across Stand Ages on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Li Lusheng , Gao Xiaodong , Wu Pute , Zhao Xining , Li Hongcheng , Ling Qiang , Sun Wenhao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPlanting economic trees is one of the primary parts of the large‐scale ecological rehabilitation project (known as ‘Grain for Green’ project) initiated in 1999 on the Loess Plateau of China. Knowledge of soil water dynamics and fine roots patterns is critical to water management for orchards in this region. Here we investigated the distribution of root‐zone soil water variation and fine roots with a range of stand ages (2, 6, 10 and 15 years) in a rain‐fed jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) plantation on the Loess Plateau. Soil water in the 0‐ to 3‐m depth was monitored using portable Time Domain Reflectometry, and root samples were taken with a hand auger (Φ = 9 cm). The results showed soil water storage in the 0‐ to 0·6‐m soil layers in all stands increased remarkably following apparent rainfall events. However, there was no clear change in soil water storage below 0·6 m throughout the growing season. Generally, fine root length density increased with the increase of stand age, which were unevenly distributed in the vertical and horizontal directions around the tree trunks in young stands (2 and 6 years), and the fine roots were uniformly distributed radically from the tree trunk in mature stands (10 and 15 years). Additionally, a high‐density zone of fine roots was observed in the middle of the inter‐row in mature stands, and the specific length of fine roots in young stands was higher than observed in mature stands. The results presented here would be helpful to water management in the rain‐fed jujube plantations on Loess Plateau and potentially for other semi‐arid orchards. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The BioFIND study: Characteristics of a clinically typical Parkinson's disease biomarker cohort
Authors: Kang Un Jung , Goldman Jennifer G. , Alcalay Roy N. , Xie Tao , Tuite Paul , Henchcliffe Claire , Hogarth Penelope , Amara Amy W. , Frank Samuel , Rudolph Alice , Casaceli Cynthia , Andrews Howard , Gwinn Katrina , Sutherland Margaret , Kopil Catherine , Vincent Lona , Frasier Mark 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundIdentifying PD‐specific biomarkers in biofluids will greatly aid in diagnosis, monitoring progression, and therapeutic interventions. PD biomarkers have been limited by poor discriminatory power, partly driven by heterogeneity of the disease, variability of collection protocols, and focus on de novo, unmedicated patients. Thus, a platform for biomarker discovery and validation in well‐characterized, clinically typical, moderate to advanced PD cohorts is critically needed.MethodsBioFIND (Fox Investigation for New Discovery of Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease) is a cross‐sectional, multicenter biomarker study that established a repository of clinical data, blood, DNA, RNA, CSF, saliva, and urine samples from 118 moderate to advanced PD and 88 healthy control subjects. Inclusion criteria were designed to maximize diagnostic specificity by selecting participants with clinically typical PD symptoms, and clinical data and biospecimen collection utilized standardized procedures to minimize variability across sites.ResultsWe present the study methodology and data on the cohort's clinical characteristics. Motor scores and biospecimen samples including plasma are available for practically defined off and on states and thus enable testing the effects of PD medications on biomarkers. Other biospecimens are available from off state PD assessments and from controls.ConclusionOur cohort provides a valuable resource for biomarker discovery and validation in PD. Clinical data and biospecimens, available through The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, can serve as a platform for discovering biomarkers in clinically typical PD and comparisons across PD's broad and heterogeneous spectrum. © 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A genomic region transcribed into a long noncoding RNA interacts with the Prss42/Tessp‐2 promoter in spermatocytes during mouse spermatogenesis, and its flanking sequences can function as enhancers
Authors: Yoneda Ryoma , Satoh Yui , Yoshida Ikuya , Kawamura Shohei , Kotani Tomoya , Kimura Atsushi P. 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYSpermatogenesis is regulated by many meiotic stage‐specific genes, but how they coordinate the many individual processes is not fully understood. The Prss/Tessp gene cluster is located on mouse chromosome 9F2‐F3, and the three genes at this site (Prss42/Tessp‐2, Prss43/Tessp‐3, and Prss44/Tessp‐4) are specifically activated during meiosis in pachytene spermatocytes. We searched for DNase I hypersensitive sites (HSs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) at the Prss/Tessp locus to elucidate how they are activated. We found eight DNase I HSs, three of which were testis germ cell‐specific at or close to the Prss42/Tessp‐2 promoter, and a testis‐specific lncRNA, lncRNA‐HSVIII, that was transcribed from a region adjacent to the Prss42/Tessp‐2 gene. lncRNA‐HSVIII transcripts localized to nuclei of most pachytene spermatocytes and the cytosol of stage‐X pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids. Chromosome conformation capture revealed that the lncRNA‐HSVIII locus specifically interacted with the Prss42/Tessp‐2 promoter in primary and secondary spermatocytes. A 5.8‐kb genome sequence, encompassing the entire lncRNA‐HSVIII sequence and its flanking regions, significantly increased Prss42/Tessp‐2 promoter activity using a reporter‐gene assay, yet this construct did not change lncRNA‐HSVIII expression, indicating that the elevated promoter activity was likely through enhancer activity. Indeed, both upstream and downstream regions of the lncRNA‐HSVIII sequence significantly increased Prss42/Tessp‐2 promoter activity. Our data therefore identified the direct interaction of a genomic region in the lncRNA‐HSVIII locus with the Prss42/Tessp‐2 promoter in spermatocytes, and suggested that sequences adjacent to the lncRNA function as enhancers for the Prss42/Tessp‐2 gene. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 541–557, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unification of parametric and implicit methods for shape sensitivity analysis and optimization with fixed mesh
Authors: Zhang Weihong , Huang Qiangqiang 
Published: April 2016

SummaryParametric and implicit methods are traditionally thought to be two irrelevant approaches in structural shape optimization. Parametric method works as a Lagrangian approach and often uses the parametric boundary representation (B‐rep) of curves/surfaces, for example, Bezier and B‐splines in combination with the conformal mesh of a finite element model, while implicit method relies upon level‐set functions, that is, implicit functions for B‐rep, and works as an Eulerian approach in combination with the fixed mesh within the scope of extended finite element method or finite cell method. The original contribution of this work is the unification of both methods. First, a new shape optimization method is proposed by combining the features of the parametric and implicit B‐reps. Shape changes of the structural boundary are governed by parametric B‐rep on the fixed mesh to maintain the merit in computer‐aided design modeling and avoid laborious remeshing. Second, analytical shape design sensitivity is formulated for the parametric B‐rep in the framework of fixed mesh of finite cell method by means of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. Numerical examples are solved to illustrate the unified methodology. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of interventions targeting sleep and their impact on child body mass index, diet, and physical activity
Authors: Yoong Sze Lin , Chai Li Kheng , Williams Christopher M. , Wiggers John , Finch Meghan , Wolfenden Luke 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveThis review aimed to examine the impact of interventions involving an explicit sleep component on child body mass index (BMI), diet, and physical activity.MethodsA systematic search was undertaken in six databases to identify randomized controlled trials examining the impact of interventions with a sleep component on child BMI, dietary intake, and/or physical activity. A random effects meta‐analysis was conducted assessing the impact of included interventions on child BMI.ResultsOf the eight included trials, three enforced a sleep protocol and five targeted sleep as part of multicomponent behavioral interventions either exclusively or together with nutrition and physical activity. Meta‐analysis of three studies found that multicomponent behavioral interventions involving a sleep component were not significantly effective in changing child BMI (n = 360,−0.04 kg/m2 [−0.18, 0.11], I2 = 0%); however, only one study included in the meta‐analysis successfully changed sleep duration in children. There were some reported improvements to adolescent diet, and only one trial examined the impact on child physical activity, where a significant effect was observed.ConclusionsFindings from the included studies suggest that where improvements in child sleep duration were achieved, a positive impact on child BMI, nutrition, and physical activity was also observed.
Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in US children, 1999‐2014
Authors: Skinner Asheley Cockrell , Perrin Eliana M. , Skelton Joseph A. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveProvide the most recent data on the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among United States children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years.MethodsThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2014, was used. Weight status was defined using measured height and weight and standard definitions as follows: overweight as ≥85th percentile for age‐ and sex‐specific BMI; class I obesity as ≥95th percentile; class II obesity as ≥120 of the 95th percentile, or BMI ≥35; and class III obesity as ≥140% of the 95th percentile, or BMI ≥40. This study reports the prevalence of obesity by 2‐year National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycle and Wald tests comparing the 2011–2012 cycle with the 2013–2014 cycle, as well as the linear trend from 1999 to 2014. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated odds ratios for differences by each 2‐year cycle.ResultsIn 2013–2014, 17.4% of children met criteria for class I obesity, including 6.3% for class II and 2.4% for class III, none statistically different than 2011–2012. A clear, statistically significant increase in all classes of obesity continued from 1999 through 2014.ConclusionsThere is no evidence of a decline in obesity prevalence in any age group, despite substantial clinical and policy efforts targeting the issue.
Observing a late folding intermediate of Ubiquitin at atomic resolution by NMR
Authors: Surana Parag , Das Ranabir 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe study of intermediates in the protein folding pathway provides a wealth of information about the energy landscape. The intermediates also frequently initiate pathogenic fibril formations. While observing the intermediates is difficult due to their transient nature, extreme conditions can partially unfold the proteins and provide a glimpse of the intermediate states. Here, we observe the high resolution structure of a hydrophobic core mutant of Ubiquitin at an extreme acidic pH by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In the structure, the native secondary and tertiary structure is conserved for a major part of the protein. However, a long loop between the beta strands β3 and β5 is partially unfolded. The altered structure is supported by fluorescence data and the difference in free energies between the native state and the intermediate is reflected in the denaturant induced melting curves. The unfolded region includes amino acids that are critical for interaction with cofactors as well as for assembly of poly‐Ubiquitin chains. The structure at acidic pH resembles a late folding intermediate of Ubiquitin and indicates that upon stabilization of the protein's core, the long loop converges on the core in the final step of the folding process.
Engineered human angiogenin mutations in the placental ribonuclease inhibitor complex for anticancer therapy: Insights from enhanced sampling simulations
Authors: Cong Xiaojing , Cremer Christian , Nachreiner Thomas , Barth Stefan , Carloni Paolo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTargeted human cytolytic fusion proteins (hCFPs) represent a new generation of immunotoxins (ITs) for the specific targeting and elimination of malignant cell populations. Unlike conventional ITs, hCFPs comprise a human/humanized target cell‐specific binding moiety (e.g., an antibody or a fragment thereof) fused to a human proapoptotic protein as the cytotoxic domain (effector domain). Therefore, hCFPs are humanized ITs expected to have low immunogenicity. This reduces side effects and allows long‐term application. The human ribonuclease angiogenin (Ang) has been shown to be a promising effector domain candidate. However, the application of Ang‐based hCFPs is largely hampered by the intracellular placental ribonuclease inhibitor (RNH1). It rapidly binds and inactivates Ang. Mutations altering Ang's affinity for RNH1 modulate the cytotoxicity of Ang‐based hCFPs. Here we perform in total 2.7 µs replica‐exchange molecular dynamics simulations to investigate some of these mutations—G85R/G86R (GGRRmut), Q117G (QGmut), and G85R/G86R/Q117G (GGRR/QGmut). GGRRmut turns out to perturb greatly the overall Ang‐RNH1 interactions, whereas QGmut optimizes them. Combining QGmut with GGRRmut compensates the effects of the latter. Our results explain the in vitro finding that, while Ang GGRRmut‐based hCFPs resist RNH1 inhibition remarkably, Ang WT‐ and Ang QGmut‐based ones are similarly sensitive to RNH1 inhibition, whereas Ang GGRR/QGmut‐based ones are only slightly resistant. This work may help design novel Ang mutants with reduced affinity for RNH1 and improved cytotoxicity.
Development of Mechanistic Reasoning and Multilevel Explanations of Ecology in Third Grade Using Agent‐Based Models
Authors: DICKES AMANDA CATHERINE , SENGUPTA PRATIM , FARRIS AMY VOSS , BASU SATABDI 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we present a third‐grade ecology learning environment that integrates two forms of modeling––embodied modeling and agent‐based modeling (ABMs)––through the generation of mathematical representations that are common to both forms of modeling. The term “agent” in the context of ABMs indicates individual computational objects or actors that obey simple rules assigned or controlled by the user. It is the interactions between these agents that give rise to emergent, aggregate‐level behaviors in complex systems. While several researchers have argued for the effectiveness of ABMs for learning about complex systems, the design of classroom activity systems using ABMs, especially for elementary students, has received relatively less attention. In this paper, we report on a 2‐week long proof‐of‐concept study conducted in a third‐grade classroom of 15 students in which students began with an embodied modeling activity of foraging behavior, followed with the generation of mathematical inscriptions based on their embodied actions, and finally, conducted further inquiry of interdependence in an ecosystem using two separate ABMs. Furthermore, we show that the lens of mechanistic reasoning can be productively used to identify the process of students’ conceptual development of interdependence in an ecosystem as they engage in the modeling activities.
Teachers’ Pedagogical Design Capacity for Scientific Argumentation
Authors: KNIGHT‐BARDSLEY AMANDA , McNEILL KATHERINE L. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTDespite being identified as an essential scientific practice, argumentation is rarely integrated into instruction. This could be influenced by teachers’ pedagogical design capacity (PDC), which considers teaching as a design activity influenced by both instructional resources (such as tools and professional development (PD)) and teacher resources (such as beliefs and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK)). In this study, we investigated how the development of five upper elementary and middle school teachers’ beliefs and PCK impacted their design and integration of argumentation within their instruction. Data sources included pre‐ and postsurveys, videotaped lessons, and interviews. Our analyses resulted in two groups of teachers. While several teachers offloaded some of their lesson design by using PD resources, others adapted the PD resources and renamed an aspect of their current instruction as argumentation. Moreover, the teachers who offloaded some of their lesson design exhibited argumentation within their instruction and greater change in their beliefs or PCK for argumentation. This suggests the importance of future teacher education experiences supporting teachers’ PDC by providing multiple opportunities to offload, try out, and reflect on instruction. Future research should explore whether teachers understanding of the PDC framework supports their understanding of argumentation.