bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Street Addressing: A Means for Managing Historic Urban Precincts of India
Authors: Routh Rajdeep , Bhavsar Dhruma 
Published: April 2017

The historic precinct of Ahmedabad has a numbering system that was put in place by colonial rulers and got followed in the post-Independence era. The growth of the city around the historic precinct as well as increase of population has led to a number of issues regarding the existing numbering systems. The demographic explosion has resulted in an undesired development within the historic precincts across various cities in India. Such a scenario has made the existing system redundant as the density of building fabric has increased, within the areas, leading to inconsistent numbering systems. While the road hierarchy as well as the numbering system outside the historic precinct differs from that of the old city, centres have led to the difference between the naming and numbering system of the roads inside and outside the old city area. Most of the streets, except the main, have no nomenclature; also, the streets with names have no particular logic or framework behind the naming system. The aim of this prospective study would be to understand and analyze the street addressing approaches and their benefits within the historic precincts, with a focus on the old core of Ahmedabad. The approach of the article would be to understand the various applications of street addressing, especially within historic precincts, and understand the benefits presented by the system. The article will end with the implementation of street addressing at Ahmedabad and what would be the phases of implementation. Furthermore, devising a sample coding system for a particular area of historic Ahmedabad would support this understanding.
A biopsychosocial model of violence when sleepwalking: Review and reconceptualisation
Authors: Stallman Helen M. , Bari Andrea 
Published: April 2017

SummaryViolence towards others during sleepwalking is relatively uncommon, but can result in serious injury or even death. Much of the research in this field has focused on the forensic consequences of violence during sleepwalking without sufficient attention to an understanding of the risk factors for violence during sleepwalking and the development of prevention and interventions based on these risk factors. This paper reviews the characteristics of impulsive violence in general and reconceptualises violence during sleepwalking as an extension of this prior vulnerability. We propose a biopsychosocial model of the risk for violence during sleepwalking that is supported through a review of empirical literature both within sleepwalking and violent behaviour more generally. Biological, psychological and social risk factors are hypothesised to mediate the relationship between sleepwalking and violence. Implications for prevention and treatment of this potentially fatal problem are discussed.
International networks of production and distribution of scientific instruments in eighteenth-century Europe
Authors: Malaquias Isabel 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The eighteenth century met a growing interest in the production of scientific instruments (mathematical, astronomical, nautical and philosophical) offering the means to achieve new physics concepts and greater precision, offering answers to some of the big questions, such as the shape of the Earth and longitude at sea. International scientific programmes promoted the production, acquisition and perfection of instruments and the progressive dissemination of experimental physics education set the tone for these instruments. The connections between instrument makers and the gentry in relation to these instruments produced or constituted important influences that were previously almost unthinkable. The spread of scientific instruments developed in close connection between producers and recipients, with the global spread of major scientific quests to solve and naturally with the impact Newtonian physics and experimental philosophy acquired at the time. J. H. de Magellan, who had a particular interest in and knowledge of scientific instruments, was actively engaged in this process of dissemination across Europe. After spending twenty years in London he could accept the demands of the Iberian courts for instruments that would allow them to carry out their work in South America.
Botany in war and peace: France and the circulation of plants in Brazil (late eighteenth and early nineteenth century)
Authors: Kury Lorelai 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Plant circulation in Portuguese America and Independent Brazil was significantly indebted to the French colonial network, during the Napoleonic wars as well as from 1815. French Guiana, that share borders with Brazil, was under many circumstances a strategic element for the transfer and the acclimatization of exotic plants in Americas. Exchanges of seeds and natural products could be spontaneous or intentional. From the last decades of the eighteenth century, the role of botany became more evident in regard to plant transfers. The French naturalist Auguste de Saint-Hilaire collaborated to establish a type of botanical knowledge that, from the beginning of the nineteenth century, became a requirement for anyone who would identify, classify or acclimatize plants.
In communist Geneva: Portuguese political opposition and Czechoslovakia, 1950s–1970s
Authors: Szobi Pavel 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article deals with the activities of the opposition in Czechoslovakia to the Portuguese New State government during the 1950s to 1970s. It focuses on the most important personalities living in the country and explores their encounters with the communist regime in Czechoslovakia. The article also analyses the approach of the Czechoslovak government towards the Portuguese activists and the assistance is offered to Portuguese emigrants in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (ČSSR – Československá Socialistická Republika). Special attention is paid to the meeting of representatives of the Portuguese opposition in Prague in January 1964, and to the perception these Portuguese residents had of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia. It follows the activities of the remaining emigrants in Czechoslovakia up until the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974. Finally, the author describes the relations between both countries on cultural exchanges and Portuguese students in Czechoslovakia after 1974.
Perancangan dan Implementasi Pengontrol Arah Pancaran Radar Pengawas Pantai Terhadap Sudut Tertentu
Authors: Mahmudin Dadin , Dharma Andri Setya , Susanto Erwin , Wahyu Yuyu 
Published: April 2017

Dewasa ini telah banyak dilakukan penelitian dan pengembangan radar . Salah satunya adalah radar yang ditempatkan di Kapal Laut. Penempatan radar di kapal laut mempunyai kendala pada tiang agung kapal. Tiang agung akan mengganggu fungsi radar karena adanya pantulan sinyal jarak dekat pada tiang agung. Hal ini dapat diantisipasi dengan mematikan pancaran radar saat arah pancaran radar menuju pada tiang agung kapal laut.Oleh sebab itu didalam penelitian ini dirancang prototype untuk mengatur otomatis aktif dan tidaknya pancaran radar berdasarkan arah pancaran radar. Kontrol aktif dan tidaknya pancaran radar ini dikontrol menggunakan perpaduan sensor ultrasonik dan sensor kompas dengan dilengkapi metode fuzzy sebagai logika jauh dekatnya tiang agung. Jika sensor ultrasonik membaca adanya halangan maka pancaran tidak aktif begitu sebaliknya. Penggabungan kedua sensor ini bertujuan jika sensor ultrasonik tidak dapat bekerja karena hujan maka kontrol sudut pada sensor kompas yang akan bekerjaSetelah dilakukan perancangan dan pengujian pada alat ini maka diperoleh sudut deviasi dengan range 14,30 – 29,30 dengan eror ± 30. Dengan acuan jangkauan titik tiang agung 60-120cm dari poros radar dengan lebar tiang 30cm. Kecepatan yang diperoleh saat fuzzy berlangsung sebesar 20 kali rpm dari kecepatan normal saat prototype mengenai halangan. Serta adanya sensor hujan berperan sebagai switch sensor ultrasonik ke mode off dan mode on untuk sensor kompas dengan menggunakan inisialisasi awal. Dari data yang dihasilkan prototype ini maka diperoleh keberhasilan sebesar 85% dilihat dari pengujian beberapa sensor dan peggabungannya. Oleh sebab itu apabila prototype ini direalisasikan akan membantu penelitian industri perkapalan dalam pembuatan radar sesungguhnya.
Response of antioxidant enzymes to cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in rat cerebellar granule neurons
Authors: Karoui-Kharrat Dhouha , Kaddour Hadhemi , Hamdi Yosra , Mokni Meherzia , Amri Mohamed , Mezghani Sana 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCadmium (Cd) accumulates in the brain and can damage neurons via complex processes involving oxidative stress induction. In this study we used a homogenous population of neurons which are cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) to investigate damage induced by Cd and its effects on antioxidant enzyme activity. The exposure of CGNs to increasing concentrations of Cd (2.5 μM-100 μM) during 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h led to the induction of neuronal death in a dose- and exposure time-dependent manner. The necrotic and/or apoptotic pathway involved in the cell death trigged by Cd seems to depend on the concentration of Cd and the exposure time. In addition to its cell damage, Cd was shown to affect the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) depending on the concentration of Cd and the exposure time. We also found that the exposure to Cd induces a bigger change in SOD activity than in CAT activity. Taken together, our findings explain, in part, the mechanism of Cd toxicity in a specific type of neuron which can provide information related to neurological pathologies ascribed to Cd toxicity.
A brief analysis of patients suffering from stomach or duodenal ulcers in Almaty hospital №1
Authors: Aryzbekova Aliya , Juszkiewicz Konrad Tomasz , Burgess Donald Eduard , Polski Andrzej , Poleszak Ewa 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Peptic ulcers are a serious problem worldwide, and affect about 4 million people each year. Their etiology is connected with the presence of Helicobacter pylori, the act of smoking, drinking alcohol, being stress, and taking excessively nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as steroids. The most common symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea, chest pain and fatigue, while less frequent symptoms include vomiting and weight loss. Helicobacter pylori is responsible for about 80% of gastric and 90% of duodenal ulcer cases. In this work, an analysis is made of a correlation between stomach or duodenal ulcer and gender, residence and number of patients hospitalized in the Almaty hospital №1, from 2009-2012, in order to learn about trends in the incidence of these diseases in Kazakhstan. A total number of 950 patients with stomach and duodenal ulcers, in 2009-2012, were questioned. The patient’s residence, gender and stomach or duodenal ulcer problem were taken into account in the study. The result of this work reveals that the largest amount of hospitalized patients suffering from stomach or duodenal ulcers came from urban areas. Moreover, more women than men suffered from peptic ulcers. Furthermore, the number of patients admitted to the hospital due to duodenal ulcers did not show any variation throughout the study. However, the least number of patients suffering from gastric ulcers was noticed in December 2009, and the greatest was in October and November 2011. The obtained data show that ulcers are a serious problem in Kazakhstan.
BMI in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Dobrowolska-Zarzycka Magdalena , Dunin-Wilczynska Izabella , Mitura Iwona , Szymanska Jolanta 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease of multicasual etiology. The risk factors include obesity, among other issues. Hence, it is extremely important to determine the effect of body weight on the severity of OSA. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the body weight expressed as body mass index (BMI), on the value of upper airways diameter and on the AHI (Apnea-Hypopnea Index) value. The study was comprised of 41 patients diagnosed with OSA by way of polysomnography. Each patient was first examine via a lateral cephalometric image of the skull, which served to measure the upper and lower diameter of the upper airways. BMI was also calculated for each patient. Statistical analysis was carried out in accordance with Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. Our work demonstrated a negative correlation between BMI and the diameter of the upper airways, and a positive correlation between BMI and AHI value. We thus put forward that the increase in body weight in patients with OSA can contribute to the severity of the disease, regardless of the fact that it may not lead to a reduction of the lumen of the upper airways.
The effect of short-term lithium treatment on head twitches induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan in mice
Authors: Szymczyk Halina , Danilczuk Zofia , Wielosz Marian 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The effectiveness of lithium in the treatment of affective disorders is well documented. However, the mechanism of this effect is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lithium on serotonergic neurons. The evaluation of the serotoninergic system activity was performed on the basis of an experimental model of head twitch response triggered by direct or indirect stimulation of serotonin 5-HT2 receptors in the brain. The obtained results indicated that the lithium chloride co-applied with a direct precursor of serotonin - 5-hydroxytryptophan used in a threshold dose and with carbidopa, generated head twitch response in mice. What is more, an enhancement of head twitch response in mice was observed after repeated 5-hydroxytryptophan application in head twitch-evoking doses. Moreover, inhibition of the serotonine storage in nerve endings in mice was evoked by reserpine administration. Furthermore, lithium increased the effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan given in a threshold dose and a head twitchevoking dose, respectively. In addition, when P-chlorphenylalanine (pCPA), an inhibitor of the serotonin synthesis within the serotonergic neurons, was given simultaneously with the lithium chloride, carbidopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan in the threshold dose, as well as with the lithium chloride and 5-hydroxytryptophan given at head twitchevoking dosage, pCPA administration decreased the number of head twitches responses in both experimental models, as well as in the reserpinized mice subjected to the lithium chloride and 5-hydroxytryptophan application. Finally, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamineevoked serotoninergic nerve endings destruction led to absolute inhibition of headtwitch response when observed after the lithium and 5-hydroxytryptophan application. Moreover, the increase by lithium 5-hydroxytryptophan-evoke head twitch response was inhibited by administration of the ritanserine - a 5-HT2 serotonin receptor blocking agent.
In summary, our data show that lithium induced an enhancement of serotonergic neurotransmission due to its action on presynaptic serotonergic terminals.
Wideband Monopole Fractal Heptagonal Antenna Implementation in X-Band Frequency Range
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Naeem , Ur-Rahman Hamood , Tauqeer T , Ramer Rodica 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A wideband heptagonal fractal monopole antenna with coplanar waveguide feed is designed and fabricated in X-band frequency range. Comparison of heptagonal fractal monopole antennas with two different substrates to achieve optimum efficiency for UWB applications is presented. FR4 and RT/Duroid 5880 substrates are used for antenna design and fabrication. Four iterations of base shape are used. Fractal antenna has omni-directional radiation pattern. Simulated and measured results showed that monopole fractal antenna with RT/Duroid 5880 substrate has better performance than fractal antenna with FR4 substrate in terms of bandwidth and return loss. Major application area of proposed antenna is wireless body area networks.
Design of High Performance Microstrip LPF with Analytical Transfer Function
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Hadi , Raziani Saeed , Falihi Ali 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBy exploiting butterfly and T-shaped resonators, a new design of microstrip lowpass filter (LPF) is proposed and analyzed. The LPF is investigated in four sections. Analyzing initial resonator and its equation in detail, providing a sharp skirt by using series configuration, suppressing in middle frequencies and suppressing in high frequencies are focused in each section, respectively. To present a theoretical design, LC equivalent circuit and transfer function are precisely calculated. The measured insertion loss of the LPF is less that 0.4 dB in frequency range from DC up to 1.25 GHz, and the return loss is better than 16 dB. A narrow transition band of 217 MHz and a roll-off rate of 170.5 dB /GHz are indicative of a sharp skirt. By utilizing T-shaped and modified T-shaped resonators in the third and fourth sections, respectively, a relative stopband bandwidth (RSB) of 166 % is obtained. Furthermore, the proposed LPF occupies a small circuit of
Knickzone Extraction Tool (KET) – A new ArcGIS toolset for automatic extraction of knickzones from a DEM based on multi-scale stream gradients
Authors: Zahra Tuba , Paudel Uttam , Hayakawa Yuichi S. , Oguchi Takashi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractExtraction of knickpoints or knickzones from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has gained immense significance owing to the increasing implications of knickzones on landform development. However, existing methods for knickzone extraction tend to be subjective or require time-intensive data processing. This paper describes the proposed Knickzone Extraction Tool (KET), a new raster-based Python script deployed in the form of an ArcGIS toolset that automates the process of knickzone extraction and is both fast and more user-friendly. The KET is based on multi-scale analysis of slope gradients along a river course, where any locally steep segment (knickzone) can be extracted as an anomalously high local gradient. We also conducted a comparative analysis of the KET and other contemporary knickzone identification techniques. The relationship between knickzone distribution and its morphometric characteristics are also examined through a case study of a mountainous watershed in Japan.
Microwave assisted biosynthesis of rice shaped ZnO nanoparticles usingAmorphophallus konjactuber extract and its application in dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Naresh Kumar P. , Sakthivel K. , Balasubramanian V. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRice shaped ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized for the first time by a biological process usingAmorphophallus konjactuber extract and used as a photoanode in a dye sensitized solar cell. The glucomannan present in aqueous tuber extract acted as a reducing agent in the synthesis process, further it also acted as a template which modified and controlled the shape of the nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were dried by microwave irradiation followed by annealing at 400 °C. The FESEM and TEM images confirmed that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles had rice shaped morphology. Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the prepared ZnO nanoparticles exhibited wurtzite phase with average particle size of 17.9 nm. The UV-Vis spectroscopy studies confirmed the value of band gap energy of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles as 3.11 eV. The photoelectrodes for dye sensitized solar cells were prepared with the biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles using doctor blade method. The photoelectrode was sensitized using the fruit extract ofTerminalia catappa, flower extracts ofCallistemon citrinusand leaf extracts ofEuphorbia pulcherrima. The dye sensitized solar cells were fabricated using the sensitized photoelectrode and their open circuit voltages and short circuit current densities were found to be in the range of 0.45 V to 0.55 V and 5.6 mA/cm2to 6.8 mA/cm2, respectively. Thus, the photovoltaic performances of all the natural dye sensitized ZnO solar cells show better conversion efficiencies due to the morphology and preparation technique.
Influence of zinc concentration on band gap and sub-band gap absorption on ZnO nanocrystalline thin films sol-gel grown
Authors: Munirah  , Khan Ziaul Raza , Aziz Anver , Khan Mohd. Shahid , Khandaker M.U. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
ZnO thin films were fabricated on quartz substrates at different zinc acetate molar concentrations using sol-gel spin coating method. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Sub-band gap absorption of ZnO thin films in the forbidden energy region was carried out using highly sensitive photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS). The absorption coefficients of ZnO thin films increased in the range of 1.5 eV to 3.0 eV, upon increasing zinc concentration. The optical band gaps were evaluated using Tauc’s plots and found to be in the range of 3.31 eV to 3.18 eV. They showed the red shift in the band edge on increase in zinc concentration. The PL spectra of ZnO thin films revealed the characteristic band edge emission centered at the 396 nm along with green emission centered at the 521 nm.
Production decline type curves analysis of a finite conductivity fractured well in coalbed methane reservoirs
Authors: Wei Mingqiang , Wen Ming , Duan Yonggang , Fang Quantang , Ren Keyi 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Production decline type curves analysis is one of the robust methods used to analyze transport flow behaviors and to evaluate reservoir properties, original gas in place, etc. Although advanced production decline analysis methods for several well types in conventional reservoirs are widely used, there are few models of production decline type curves for a fractured well in coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs. In this work, a novel pseudo state diffusion and convection model is firstly developed to describe CBM transport in matrix systems. Subsequently, based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, pseudo state diffusion and convection in matrix systems and Darcy flow in cleat systems, the production model of a CBM well with a finite conductivity fracture is derived and solved by Laplace transform. Advanced production decline type curves of a fractured well in CBM reservoirs are plotted through the Stehfest numerical inversion algorithm and computer programming. Six flow regimes, including linear flow regime, early radial flow in cleat systems, interporosity flow regime, late pseudo radial flow regime, transient regime and boundary dominated flow regime, are recognized. Finally, the effect of relevant parameters, including the storage coefficient of gas in cleat systems, the transfer coefficient from a matrix system to the cleat system, the modified coefficient of permeability, dimensionless fracture conductivity and dimensionless reservoir drainage radius, are analyzed on type curves. This paper does not only enrich the production decline type curves model of CBM reservoirs, but also expands our understanding of fractured well transport behaviors in CBM reservoirs and guides to analyze the well's production performance.