bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of EBV associated classical Hodgkin lymphoma decreases over a 54-year period in a Brazilian population
Authors: Campos Antonio Hugo Jose Froes Marques , Moreira Adriana , Ribeiro Karina Braga , Paes Roberto Pinto , Zerbini Maria Claudia , Aldred Vera , de Souza Carmino Antonio , Neto Cristovam Scapulatempo , Soares Fernando Augusto , Vassallo Jose 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe epidemiology of classical Hodgkin lymphoma varies significantly in populations with different socioeconomic conditions. Among other changes, improvement in such conditions leads to a reduction in the association with EBV infection and predominance of the nodular sclerosis subtype. This study provides an overview of the epidemiology of 817 cases of classical Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed in five reference hospitals of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, over 54 years (1954–2008). The cases were distributed in 3 periods (1954–1979; 1980–1999; and 2000–2008). EBV-positive cases decreased from 87% to 46%. In children and adolescents (<15 years) and in young adults (15–45 years), EBV-positive cases decreased respectively from 96% to 64%, and from 85% to 32%. The percentage of male patients declined from 80% to 58%. In older patients (>45 years), the decrease in EBV infection was not significant. Nodular Sclerosis was the most common subtype in all periods. These results support the hypothesis that, in the Brazilian State of Sao Paulo, classical Hodgkin lymphoma has changed and now shows characteristics consistent with Pattern III observed in populations that experienced a similar socioeconomic transition.
Molecular epidemiology and comparative genomics of Campylobacter concisus strains from saliva, faeces and gut mucosal biopsies in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Kirk Karina Frahm , Méric Guillaume , Nielsen Hans Linde , Pascoe Ben , Sheppard Samuel K. , Thorlacius-Ussing Ole , Nielsen Henrik 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCampylobacter concisus is an emerging pathogen associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet little is known about the genetic diversity of C. concisus in relation to host niches and disease. We isolated 104 C. concisus isolates from saliva, mucosal biopsies and faecal samples from 41 individuals (26 IBD, 3 Gastroenteritis (GE), 12 Healthy controls (HC)). Whole genomes were sequenced and the dataset pan-genome examined, and genomic information was used for typing using multi-locus-sequence typing (MLST). C. concisus isolates clustered into two main groups/genomospecies (GS) with 71 distinct sequence types (STs) represented. Sampling site (p < 0.001), rather than disease phenotype (p = 1.00) was associated with particular GS. We identified 97 candidate genes associated with increase or decrease in prevalence during the anatomical descent from the oral cavity to mucosal biopsies to faeces. Genes related to cell wall/membrane biogenesis were more common in oral isolates, whereas genes involved in cell transport, metabolism and secretory pathways were more prevalent in enteric isolates. Furthermore, there was no correlation between individual genetic diversity and clinical phenotype. This study confirms the genetic heterogeneity of C. concisus and provides evidence that genomic variation is related to the source of isolation, but not clinical phenotype.
Hydroxylamine released by nitrifying microorganisms is a precursor for HONO emission from drying soils
Authors: Ermel M. , Behrendt T. , Oswald R. , Derstroff B. , Wu D. , Hohlmann S. , Stönner C. , Pommerening-Röser A. , Könneke M. , Williams J. , Meixner F. X. , Andreae M. O. , Trebs I. , Sörgel M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNitrous acid (HONO) is an important precursor of the hydroxyl radical (OH), the atmosphere´s primary oxidant. An unknown strong daytime source of HONO is required to explain measurements in ambient air. Emissions from soils are one of the potential sources. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) have been identified as possible producers of these HONO soil emissions. However, the mechanisms for production and release of HONO in soils are not fully understood. In this study, we used a dynamic soil-chamber system to provide direct evidence that gaseous emissions from nitrifying pure cultures contain hydroxylamine (NH2OH), which is subsequently converted to HONO in a heterogeneous reaction with water vapor on glass bead surfaces. In addition to different AOB species, we found release of HONO also in ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), suggesting that these globally abundant microbes may also contribute to the formation of atmospheric HONO and consequently OH. Since biogenic NH2OH is formed by diverse organisms, such as AOB, AOA, methane-oxidizing bacteria, heterotrophic nitrifiers, and fungi, we argue that HONO emission from soil is not restricted to the nitrifying bacteria, but is also promoted by nitrifying members of the domainsArchaeaandEukarya.
Zika virus infection elicits auto-antibodies to C1q
Authors: Koma Takaaki , Veljkovic Veljko , Anderson Danielle E. , Wang Lin-Fa , Rossi Shannan L. , Shan Chao , Shi Pei-Yong , Beasley David W. , Bukreyeva Natalya , Smith Jeanon N. , Hallam Steven , Huang Cheng , von Messling Veronika , Paessler Slobodan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) causes mostly asymptomatic infection or mild febrile illness. However, with an increasing number of patients, various clinical features such as microcephaly, Guillain-Barré syndrome and thrombocytopenia have also been reported. To determine which host factors are related to pathogenesis, the E protein of ZIKV was analyzed with the Informational Spectrum Method, which identifies common information encoded by primary structures of the virus and the respective host protein. The data showed that the ZIKV E protein and the complement component C1q cross-spectra are characterized by a single dominant peak at the frequency F = 0.338, suggesting similar biological properties. Indeed, C1q-specific antibodies were detected in sera obtained from mice and monkeys infected with ZIKV. As C1q has been known to be involved not only in immunity, but also in synaptic organization and different autoimmune diseases, a ZIKV-induced anti-C1q antibody response may contribute to the neurological complications. These findings might also be exploited for the design of safe and efficacious vaccines in the future.
Bioengineered polyester beads co-displaying protein and carbohydrate-based antigens induce protective immunity against bacterial infection
Authors: González-Miró Majela , Rodríguez-Noda Laura M. , Fariñas-Medina Mildrey , Cedré-Marrero Barbara , Madariaga-Zarza Sandra , Zayas-Vignier Caridad , Hernández-Cedeño Mabel , Kleffmann Torsten , García-Rivera Dagmar , Vérez-Bencomo Vicente , Rehm Bernd H. A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe efficacy of protein and carbohydrate antigens as vaccines can be improved via particulate delivery strategies. Here, protein and carbohydrate antigens used in formulations of vaccines againstNeisseria menigitidiswere displayed onin vivoassembled polyester beads using a combined bioengineering and conjugation approach. An endotoxin-free mutant ofEscherichia coliwas engineered to produce translational fusions of antigens (Neisseriaadhesin A (NadA) and factor H binding protein (fHbp) derived from serogroup B) to the polyhydroxybutyrate synthase (PhaC), in order to intracellularly assemble polyester beads displaying the respective antigens. Purified beads displaying NadA showed enhanced immunogenicity compared to soluble NadA. Both soluble and particulate NadA elicited functional antibodies with bactericidal activity associated with protective immunity. To expand the antigen repertoire and to design a more broadly protective vaccine, NadA-PhaC beads were additionally conjugated to the capsular polysaccharide from serogroup C. Co-delivery of surface displayed NadA and the capsular polysaccharide induced a strong and specific Th1/Th17 mediated immune response associated with functional bactericidal antibodies. Our findings provide the foundation for the design of multivalent antigen-coated polyester beads as suitable carriers for protein and polysaccharide antigens in order to induce protective immunity.
Limits of Kirchhoff’s Laws in Plasmonics
Authors: Razinskas Gary , Biagioni Paolo , Hecht Bert 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe validity of Kirchhoff’s laws in plasmonic nanocircuitry is investigated by studying a junction of plasmonic two-wire transmission lines. We find that Kirchhoff’s laws are valid for sufficiently small values of a phenomenological parameter κ relating the geometrical parameters of the transmission line with the effective wavelength of the guided mode. Beyond such regime, for large values of the phenomenological parameter, increasing deviations occur and the equivalent impedance description (Kirchhoff’s laws) can only provide rough, but nevertheless useful, guidelines for the design of more complex plasmonic circuitry. As an example we investigate a system composed of a two-wire transmission line and a nanoantenna as the load. By addition of a parallel stub designed according to Kirchhoff’s laws we achieve maximum signal transfer to the nanoantenna.
Dielectric Breakdown and Post-Breakdown Dissolution of Si/SiO2 Cathodes in Acidic Aqueous Electrochemical Environment
Authors: Yun Jeongse , Cho Yun-Bin , Jang Woohyuk , Lee Jae Gyeong , Shin Samuel Jaeho , Han Seok Hee , Lee Youngmi , Chung Taek Dong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the conducting mechanisms of dielectric materials under various conditions is of increasing importance. Here, we report the dielectric breakdown (DB) and post-breakdown mechanism of Si/SiO2, a widely used semiconductor and dielectric, in an acidic aqueous electrochemical environment. Cathodic breakdown was found to generate conduction spots on the Si/SiO2 surface. Using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), the size and number of conduction spots are confirmed to increase from nanometer to micrometer scale during the application of negative voltage. The morphologies of these conduction spots reveal locally recessed inverted-pyramidal structures with exposed Si{111} sidewalls. The pits generation preceded by DB is considered to occur via cathodic dissolution of Si and exfoliation of SiO2 that are induced by local pH increases due to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the conduction spots. The HER at the conduction spots is more sluggish due to strongly hydrogen-terminated Si{111} surfaces.
Red fluorescent cAMP indicator with increased affinity and expanded dynamic range
Authors: Ohta Yusaku , Furuta Toshiaki , Nagai Takeharu , Horikawa Kazuki 
Published: January 2018

AbstractcAMP is one of the most important second messengers in biological processes. Cellular dynamics of cAMP have been investigated using a series of fluorescent indicators; however, their sensitivity was sub-optimal for detecting cAMP dynamics at a low concentration range, due to a low ligand affinity and/or poor dynamic range. Seeking an indicator with improved detection sensitivity, we performed insertion screening of circularly permuted mApple, a red fluorescent protein, into the cAMP-binding motif of PKA regulatory subunit Iα and developed an improved cAMP indicator named R-FlincA (Red Fluorescent indicator for cAMP). Its increased affinity (Kd = 0.3 μM) and expanded dynamic range (860% at pH 7.2) allowed the detection of subtle changes in the cellular cAMP dynamics at sub-μM concentrations, which could not be easily observed with existing indicators. Increased detection sensitivity also strengthened the advantages of using R-FlincA as a red fluorescent indicator, as it permits a series of applications, including multi-channel/function imaging of multiple second messengers and combinatorial imaging with photo-manipulation. These results strongly suggest that R-FlincA is a promising tool that accelerates cAMP research by revealing unobserved cAMP dynamics at a low concentration range.
Evaluation of cell penetrating peptide coated Mn:ZnS nanoparticles for paclitaxel delivery to cancer cells
Authors: Rejinold N. Sanoj , Han Yunho , Yoo Jisang , Seok Hae Yong , Park Ji Ho , Kim Yeu-Chun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis work aimed at formulating paclitaxel (PTX) loaded cell penetrating peptide (CPP) coated Mn doped ZnS nanoparticles (Mn:ZnS NPs) for improved anti-cancer efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The developed PTX loaded Mn:ZnS NPs with different CPPs (PEN, pVEC and R9) showed enhanced anti-cancer effect compared to bare PTX, which has been validated by MTT assay followed by apoptosis assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. The in vivo bio-distribution and anti-cancer efficacy was studied on breast cancer xenograft model showing maximum tumor localization and enhanced therapeutic efficacy with R9 coated Mn:ZnS NPs (R9:Mn:ZnS NPs) and was confirmed by H/E staining. Thus, R9:Mn:ZnS NPs could be an ideal theranostic nano-carrier for PTX with enhanced the rapeutic efficacy toward cancer cells, where penetration and sustainability of therapeutics are essential.
Evaluation of dried blood spot samples for screening of hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus in a real-world setting
Authors: Vázquez-Morón Sonia , Ryan Pablo , Ardizone-Jiménez Beatriz , Martín Dolores , Troya Jesus , Cuevas Guillermo , Valencia Jorge , Jimenez-Sousa María A. , Avellón Ana , Resino Salvador 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBoth hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are underdiagnosed, particularly in low-income countries and in difficult-to-access populations. Our aim was to develop and evaluate a methodology for the detection of HCV and HIV infection based on capillary dry blood spot (DBS) samples taken under real-world conditions. We carried out a cross-sectional study of 139 individuals (31 healthy controls, 68 HCV-monoinfected patients, and 40 HCV/HIV-coinfected patients). ELISA was used for anti-HCV and anti-HIV antibody detection; and SYBR Green RT-PCR was used for HCV-RNA detection. The HIV serological analysis revealed 100% sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). The HCV serological analysis revealed a sensitivity of 92.6%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, and NPV of 79.5%. Finally, the HCV-RNA detection test revealed a detection limit of 5 copies/µl with an efficiency of 100% and sensitivity of 99.1%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, and NPV of 96.9%. In conclusion, our methodology was able to detect both HCV infection and HIV infection from the same DBS sample with good diagnostic performance. Screening for HCV and HIV using DBS might be a key strategy in the implementation of national programs for the control of both infections.
HIS‐based bandpass filter with improved upper‐stopband performance
Authors: Qiao Haidong , Guo Dalu , Mou Jinchao , Li Mingxun , Ma Zhaohui , Lv Xin 
Published: January 2018

A bandpass filter (BPF) with improved upper‐stopband performance has been studied and implemented with the aid of a ground plane based on high impedance structures (HIS). The microstrip structure of the filter on the top layer consists of three‐order cascaded cross‐shaped resonators loaded by folded split ring slots. The ground plane contains two groups of 2 × 5 lattice metallic mushroom array, showing high impedance at the spurious band so that the upper‐stopband bandwidth of the BPF can be effectively broadened. The HIS‐based ground can independently control the stopband without affecting passband performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the BPF exhibits an extremely broad stopband region from 15.5 to 49.2 GHz with a rejection level above 20 dB.
Circumstellar environment of the M-type AGB star R Doradus
Authors: De Beck E. , Olofsson H. 
Published: January 2018

Context. Our current insights into the circumstellar chemistry of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are largely based on studies of carbon-rich stars and stars with high mass-loss rates.
Aims. In order to expand the current molecular inventory of evolved stars we present a spectral scan of the nearby, oxygen-rich star R Dor, a star with a low mass-loss rate (~2 × 10−7 M⊙ yr−1).
Methods. We carried out a spectral scan in the frequency ranges 159.0–321.5 GHz and 338.5–368.5 GHz (wavelength range 0.8–1.9 mm) using the SEPIA/Band-5 and SHeFI instruments on the APEX telescope and we compare it to previous surveys, including one of the oxygen-rich AGB star IK Tau, which has a high mass-loss rate (~5 ×10−6 M⊙ yr−1).
Results. The spectrum of R Dor is dominated by emission lines of SO2 and the different isotopologues of SiO. We also detect CO, H2O, HCN, CN, PO, PN, SO, and tentatively TiO2, AlO, and NaCl. Sixteen out of approximately 320 spectral features remain unidentified. Among these is a strong but previously unknown maser at 354.2 GHz, which we suggest could pertain to H2SiO, silanone. With the exception of one, none of these unidentified lines are found in a similarly sensitive survey of IK Tau performed with the IRAM 30 m telescope. We present radiative transfer models for five isotopologues of SiO (28SiO, 29SiO, 30SiO, Si17O, Si18O), providing constraints on their fractional abundance and radial extent. We derive isotopic ratios for C, O, Si, and S and estimate that, based on our results for 17O/18O, R Dor likely had an initial mass in the range 1.3–1.6 M⊙, in agreement with earlier findings based on models of H2O line emission. From the presence of spectral features recurring in many of the measured thermal and maser emission lines we tentatively identify up to five kinematical components in the outflow of R Dor, indicating deviations from a smooth, spherical wind.
Perspective on FTY720, an Immunosuppressant
Authors: Balasubramaniam Sivaraman , Sankaran Ganapathy , Badle Sneh 
Published: January 2018

FTY720 {fingolimod hydrochloride, 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride}, a novel immunosuppressant, was discovered by chemical modification based on the structure activity relationships of ISP-I (myriocin), a metabolite of the fungus Isaria­ sinclairii. This short perspective provides insights to the various strategies available in the literature for the synthesis of FTY720 and its analogues.1	Introduction2	Classification of Immunosuppressive Drugs3	The Rise of FTY7204	Different Synthetic Strategies for FTY7205	Analogues of FTY7206	Binding Studies of FTY7207	Mode of Action8	Conclusion
Improving the Accuracy of a Clinical Decision Support System for Cervical Cancer Screening and Surveillance
Authors: Ravikumar K.E. , MacLaughlin Kathy , Scheitel Marianne , Kessler Maya , Wagholikar Kavishwar , Liu Hongfang , Chaudhry Rajeev 
Published: January 2018

Background Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) for cervical cancer prevention are generally limited to identifying patients who are overdue for their next routine/next screening, and they do not provide recommendations for follow-up of abnormal results. We previously developed a CDSS to automatically provide follow-up recommendations based on the American Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) guidelines for women with both previously normal and abnormal test results leveraging information available in the electronic medical record (EMR).
Objective Enhance the CDSS by improving its accuracy and incorporating changes to reflect the latest revision of the guidelines.
Methods After making enhancements to the CDSS, we evaluated the performance of the clinical recommendations on 393 patients selected through stratified sampling from a set of 3,704 patients in a nonclinical setting. We performed chart review of individual patient's record to evaluate the performance of the system. An expert clinician assisted by a resident manually reviewed the recommendation made by the system and verified whether the recommendations were as per the ASCCP guidelines.
Results The recommendation accuracy of the enhanced CDSS improved to 93%, which is a substantial improvement over the 84% reported previously. A detailed analysis of errors is presented in this article. We fixed the errors identified in this evaluation that were amenable to correction to further improve the accuracy of the system. The source code of the updated CDSS is available at https://github.com/ohnlp/MayoNlpPapCdss.
Conclusion We made substantial enhancements to our earlier prototype CDSS with the updated ASCCP guidelines and performed a thorough evaluation in a nonclinical setting to improve the accuracy of the CDSS. The CDSS will be further refined as it is utilized in the practice.
The Relationship between Body Mass Index in Pregnancy and Adverse Maternal, Perinatal, and Neonatal Outcomes in Rural India and Pakistan
Authors: Geller Stacie , Moore Janet , McClure Elizabeth , Goudar Shivaprasad , Dhaded Sangappa , Kodkany Bhalachandra , Saleem Sarah , Naqvi Farnaz , Pasha Omrana , Goldenberg Robert , Patel Archana , Hibberd Patricia , Garces Ana , Koso-Thomas Marion , Miodovnik Menachem , Wallace Dennis , Derman Richard , Short Vanessa 
Published: January 2018

Objective The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes in rural India and Pakistan.
Study Design In a prospective, population-based pregnancy registry implemented in communities in Thatta, Pakistan and Nagpur and Belagavi, India, we obtained women's BMI prior to 12 weeks' gestation (categorized as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese following World Health Organization criteria). Outcomes were assessed 42 days postpartum.
Results The proportion of women with an adverse maternal outcome increased with increasing maternal BMI. Less than one-third of nonoverweight/nonobese women, 47.2% of overweight women, and 56.0% of obese women experienced an adverse maternal outcome. After controlling for site, maternal age and parity, risks of hypertensive disease/severe preeclampsia/eclampsia, cesarean/assisted delivery, and antibiotic use were higher among women with higher BMIs. Overweight women also had significantly higher risk of perinatal and early neonatal mortality compared with underweight/normal BMI women. Overweight women had a significantly higher perinatal mortality rate.
Conclusion High BMI in early pregnancy was associated with increased risk of adverse maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes in rural India and Pakistan. These findings present an opportunity to inform efforts for women to optimize weight prior to conception to improve pregnancy outcomes.
Is Uterocervical Angle Associated with Gestational Latency after Physical Exam Indicated Cerclage?
Authors: Grobman William , Miller Emily , Swanson Kate 
Published: January 2018

Objective Prediction of gestational latency after placement of physical exam indicated cerclage (PEIC) is limited. Uterocervical angle (UCA) has been associated with spontaneous preterm delivery in the general population. Our objective was to examine whether UCA is associated with gestational latency in women with PEIC.
Study Design This retrospective cohort included women with a singleton gestation who had PEIC placed at a single tertiary care center between January 2010 and September 2015. Ultrasound images of the cervix obtained prior to placement of PEIC were reviewed. Spearman's correlation coefficient for the relationship between UCA and gestational latency was estimated. UCA was dichotomized at 95° and 105°. Survival analyses were performed and Cox proportional hazard ratios were calculated.
Results Sixty women met the inclusion criteria. Median gestational latency was 93 days (IQR 39–121 d). There was no significant correlation between UCA and gestational latency (Spearman's rho 0.08, p = 0.54). Survival analyses demonstrated no significant difference in gestational latency stratified by UCA ≥ 95° (HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.70–2.04) or UCA ≥ 105° (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.56–1.63). Findings persisted after adjusting for potential confounders (aHR 1.29, 95% CI 0.74–2.23 for UCA ≥ 95° and aHR 1.04, 95% CI 0.60–1.82).
Conclusion UCA is not associated with gestational latency in women with PEIC.