bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root-Associated Bacterial and Fungal Community Profiles ofArabidopsis thalianaAre Robust Across Contrasting Soil P Levels
Authors: Robbins Chanz , Thiergart Thorsten , Hacquard Stéphane , Garrido-Oter Ruben , Gans Wolfgang , Peiter Edgar , Schulze-Lefert Paul , Spaepen Stijn 
Published: December 2017

Plant survival depends on the ability of roots to sense and acquire nutrients in soils, which harbor a rich diversity of microbes. A subset of this microcosm interacts with plant roots and collectively forms root-associated microbial communities, termed the root microbiota. Under phosphorus-limiting conditions, some plants can engage in mutualistic interactions, for example with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here, we describe how Arabidopsis thaliana, which lacks the genetic capacity for establishing the aforementioned symbiosis, interacts with soil-resident bacteria and fungi in soil from a long-term phosphorus fertilization trial. Long-term, contrasting fertilization regimes resulted in an ∼6-fold and ∼2.4-fold disparity in bioavailable and total phosphorous, respectively, which may explain differences in biomass of A. thaliana plants. Sequencing of marker genes enabled us to characterize bacterial and fungal communities present in the bulk soil, rhizosphere, and root compartments. Phosphorus had little effect on alpha- or beta-diversity indices, but more strongly influences bacterial and fungal community shifts in plant-associated compartments compared with bulk soil. The significant impact of soil P abundance could only be resolved at operational taxonomic unit level, and these subtle differences are more pronounced in the root compartment. We conclude that despite decades of different fertilization, both bacterial and fungal soil communities remained unexpectedly stable in soils tested, suggesting that the soil biota is resilient over time to nutrient supplementation. Conversely, low-abundance, root-associated microbes, which collectively represent 2 to 3% of the relative abundance of bacteria and fungi in the roots, exhibited a subtle, yet significant shift between the two soils.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Sleeping, TV, Cognitively Stimulating Activities, Physical Activity, and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Incidence in Children: A Prospective Study
Authors: Peralta Gabriela P. , Forns Joan , García de la Hera Manuela , González Llúcia , Guxens Mònica , López-Vicente Mónica , Sunyer Jordi , Garcia-Aymerich Judith 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To analyze associations between time spent sleeping, watching TV, engaging in cognitively stimulating activities, and engaging in physical activity, all at 4 years, and (1) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and (2) behavior problems, both assessed at 7 years, in ADHD-free children at baseline.

Method:
In total, 817 participants of the Infancia y Medio Ambiente birth cohort, without ADHD at baseline, were included. At the 4-year follow-up, parents reported the time that their children spent sleeping, watching TV, engaging in cognitively stimulating activities, and engaging in physical activity. At the 7-year follow-up, parents completed the Conners' Parent Rating Scales and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, which measure ADHD symptoms and behavior problems, respectively. Negative binomial regression models were used to assess associations between the activities at 4 years and ADHD symptoms and behavior problems at 7 years.

Results:
Children (48% girls) spent a median (p25–p75) of 10 (10–11) hours per day sleeping, 1.5 (0.9–2) hours per day watching TV, 1.4 (0.9–1.9) hours per day engaging in cognitively stimulating activities, and 1.5 (0.4–2.3) hours per day engaging in physical activity. Longer sleep duration (>10 hours per day) was associated with a lower ADHD symptom score (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval, 0.95–1.00). Longer time spent in cognitively stimulating activities (>1 hours per day) was associated with lower scores of both ADHD symptoms (0.96, 0.94–0.98) and behavior problems (0.89, 0.83–0.97). Time spent watching TV and engaging in physical activity were not associated with either outcomes.

Conclusion:
A shorter sleep duration and less time spent in cognitively stimulating activities were associated with an increased risk of developing ADHD symptoms and behavior problems.
Is There Any Association Between Foot Posture and Lower Limb–Related Injuries in Professional Male Basketball Players? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lopezosa-Reca Eva , Gijon-Nogueron Gabriel , Morales-Asencio Jose Miguel , Cervera-Marin Jose Antonio , Luque-Suarez Alejandro 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Several studies have shown that foot posture is related to the incidence of ankle sprains in athletes and in nonathletic populations, but this association has not previously been considered in basketball players. This study investigates the relationship between foot posture and lower limb injuries in elite basketball players.

Design and Method:
Two hundred twenty participants were recruited as a convenience sample. The players had a mean age of 22.51 ± 3.88 years and a body mass index of 23.98 ± 1.80. The players' medical records were accessed from the preceding 10 years, and injuries were recorded according to their location (knee, foot, and/or ankle). In addition, the Foot Posture Index (FPI) was scored for each player, and their playing positions were noted.

Results:
An average FPI score of 2.66 was obtained across all players, with guards presenting a significantly lower average FPI of −0.48 (P < 0.001) compared with the rest of playing positions, indicating a more supinated foot. However, center players presented an average FPI of 5.15 (P < 0.001), indicating a more pronated foot. The most common injuries observed were lateral ankle sprain (n = 214) and patellar tendinopathy (n = 126). Patellar tendinopathy was more common in supinated feet (30.08%) compared with 20.7% and 19.8% in pronated and neutral feet, respectively.

Conclusions:
The most common lower limb injuries observed in basketball players were lateral ankle sprain and patellar tendinopathy. Patellar tendinopathy was more commonly associated with the supinated feet. Guard players tended to have a more supinated foot, whereas centers presented a more pronated foot.
Factors Predictive of Severe Multiple Sclerosis Disease Reactivation After Fingolimod Cessation
Authors: Uygunoglu Ugur , Tutuncu Melih , Altintas Ayse , Saip Sabahattin , Siva Aksel 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Fingolimod withdrawal may trigger the return of pretreatment disease activity. It is difficult to identify patients at risk of disease reactivation. We compared the demographic and clinical features of patients experiencing severe disease reactivation (SDR) after fingolimod cessation with those of patients who did not.

Methods:
All patients who commenced fingolimod and who continued therapy for at least 6 months were included. The demographic and clinical features of the 2 groups (SDR vs. no SDR) were assessed.

Results:
Forty-four of 303 patients discontinued fingolimod for various reasons. Among these, 31 fulfilled our inclusion criteria and 8 (25.8%) exhibited SDR after drug cessation. The mean time for SDR was 2.6 months (range, 2 to 3 mo). The annualized relapse rate before fingolimod therapy was higher in the SDR than in the non-SDR group (1.59 vs. 0.81) (P=0.018). Although statistical significance was not attained, the mean Expanded Disability Status Scale score at the time of fingolimod cessation was higher in the non-SDR than in the SDR group (2.5 vs. 1.12) (P=0.074).

Conclusions:
SDR may develop within the first 3 months after cessation of fingolimod. Patients with higher annualized relapse rates and lower Expanded Disability Status Scale scores before commencing fingolimod treatment were more likely to exhibit SDR.
Acetazolamide-responsive Episodic Ataxia Without Baseline Deficits or Seizures Secondary to GLUT1 Deficiency
Authors: Tchapyjnikov Dmitry , Mikati Mohamad A. 
Published: December 2017

Introduction:
Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1 DS) is caused by impaired glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier and commonly presents as severe early onset epilepsy, developmental delay, and movement abnormalities. In rare instances, GLUT1 DS can present as a paroxysmal movement disorder without the other classic symptoms. Episodic ataxia (EA) secondary to GLUT1 DS has been previously reported, but all previous patients had seizures and/or baseline abnormalities on neurological examination. Isolated acetazolamide-responsive EA secondary to GLUT1 DS without deficits on neurological examination and without seizures has not been described.

Case Report:
A 4-year-old boy presented with EA, no baseline neurological abnormalities, and no history of seizures. He was initiated on acetazolamide with a ≥75% improvement in frequency and severity of episodes. A genetic testing panel for EAs subsequently returned positive for a mutation in the SLC2A1 gene and cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed hypoglycorrhachia in the setting of normal blood glucose, which confirmed the diagnosis of GLUT1 DS. His symptoms resolved completely with ketogenic diet initiation even with discontinuation of acetazolamide.

Conclusions:
To our knowledge, this represents one of the mildest described presentations of nonepileptic GLUT1 DS consisting of acetazolamide-responsive EA without seizures or baseline neurological examination abnormalities. Our experience supports increased vigilance for this treatable cause of EA.
Increased Methylene Diphosphonate Uptake in the Rectus Abdominis After Strenuous Exercise
Authors: Zhou Dan , Yuan Feng , Peng Xianfeng , Lan Haomiao , Shao Fuqiang 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A 28-year-old man with papillary thyroid cancer underwent bone scintigraphy to assess possible osseous metastasis. He had vigorous workouts 5 days prior, which involved pectorals, rectus abdominis, quadriceps, and glutei. However, the images only showed increased activity in the rectus abdominis, whereas other involved muscles had no obvious uptake. No lesion in the bone was identified.
Hyperparathyroidism Caused by Coexisting Parathyroid Hyperplasia and Ectopic Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: Xie Peng , Huang Jianmin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

99mTc sestamibi parathyroid scan was performed in a 35-year-old man with chronic renal failure to evaluate the cause of increased serum parathyroid hormone. Both early and delayed images showed intense activity overlapping the left upper pole of the thyroid, which was proven to be nodular parathyroid hyperplasia after parathyroidectomy. However, the levels of serum parathyroid hormone remained elevated postsurgically. A repeat sestamibi study revealed abnormal activity in the left upper mediastinum, which could also be subtly seen on initial sestamibi study. A retrosternal lesion was resected, which was confirmed as an ectopic parathyroid adenoma by pathological examination.
Whole blood and Hextend: Bookends of modern tactical combat casualty care field resuscitation and starting point for multifunctional resuscitation fluid development
Authors: Sheppard Forest R. , Mitchell Thomas A. , Macko Antoni R. , Fryer Darren M. , Schaub Leasha J. , Ozuna Kassandra M. , Glaser Jacob J. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND
Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in traumatically injured civilian and military populations. Prehospital resuscitation largely relies on crystalloid and colloid intravascular expansion, as whole blood and component blood therapy are logistically arduous. In this experiment, we evaluated the bookends of Tactical Combat Casualty Care Guidelines recommendations of prehospital resuscitation with Hextend and whole blood in a controlled hemorrhagic shock model within non-human primates, as means of a multifunctional resuscitative fluid development.

METHODS
In the nonhuman primate, a multiple injuries model was used, consisting of a musculoskeletal injury (femur fracture), soft tissue injury (15-cm laparotomy), and controlled hemorrhage to a mean arterial pressure of 20 mm Hg, demarcating the beginning of the shock period. Animals were randomized to prehospital interventions of whole blood or Hextend at T = 0 minutes, and at T = 90 minutes definitive surgical interventions and balanced sanguineous damage control resuscitation could be implemented. All animals were euthanized at T = 480 minutes. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; significance, p < 0.05.

RESULTS
No significant differences in survival (83% vs. 100%; p = 0.3), tissue perfusion (Etco
2 and Sto
2) or endpoints of resuscitation (base deficit, lactate, pH) between Hextend and whole blood were identified. Second, whole blood compared with Hextend demonstrated significantly earlier normalization of clot formation time, maximal clot firmness, and α angle.

CONCLUSION
A future multifunctional resuscitative fluid including an asanguineous, oncotic, non–oxygen-carrying component to facilitate intravascular volume expansion, and a component with synthetic coagulation factors and fibrinogen to deter coagulopathy may show equivalence to whole blood.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A
Study type: translational animal model.
Process proteomics of beer reveals a dynamic proteome with extensive modifications
Authors: Schulz Benjamin L. , Phung Toan K. , Bruschi Michele , Janusz Agnieszka , Stewart Jeff , Mehan John , Healy Peter , Nouwens Amanda S. , Fox Glen P. , Vickers Claudia E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractModern beer production is a complex industrial process. However, some of its biochemical details remain unclear. Using mass spectrometry proteomics, we have performed a global untargeted analysis of the proteins present across time during nano-scale beer production. Samples included sweet wort produced by a high temperature infusion mash, hopped wort, and bright beer. This analysis identified over 200 unique proteins from barley and yeast, emphasizing the complexity of the process and product. We then used data independent SWATH-MS to quantitatively compare the relative abundance of these proteins throughout the process. This identified large and significant changes in the proteome at each process step. These changes described enrichment of proteins by their biophysical properties, and identified the appearance of dominant yeast proteins during fermentation. Altered levels of malt modification also quantitatively changed the proteomes throughout the process. Detailed inspection of the proteomic data revealed that many proteins were modified by protease digestion, glycation, or oxidation during the processing steps. This work demonstrates the opportunities offered by modern mass spectrometry proteomics in understanding the ancient process of beer production.
Ancient tropical extinctions contributed to the latitudinal diversity gradient
Authors: Meseguer Andrea S. , Condamine Fabien L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBiodiversity currently peaks at the equator, decreasing toward the poles. Growing fossil evidence suggest that this hump-shaped latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) has not been persistent through time, with similar species diversity across latitudes flattening out the LDG during past greenhouse periods. This provides a new starting point for LDG research. Most studies assume the processes shaping the LDG have acted constantly through time and seek to understand why diversity accumulated in the Holarctic at lower levels than at the equator, e.g. as the result of limited dispersal, or higher turnover in Holarctic regions. However, fossil investigations suggest that we need to explain when and why diversity was lost at high latitudes to generate the LDG. Unfortunately, diversity lost scenarios in the Holarctic have been repeatedly proposed but not yet clearly demonstrated. Here, we use diversification approaches for both phylogenies and fossils to study the LDG of Testudines, Crocodilia and Lepidosauria. We show the LDG of these groups has varied over time, with high latitudes serving as a source of tropical diversity but suffering disproportionate extinction during transitional periods to cold climate. We outline the ‘asymmetric gradient of extinction and dispersal’ (AGED) framework, which contextualizes previous ideas behind the LDG under a time-variable scenario. We suggest the current steep LDG may be explained by the extinction of clades adapted to warmer conditions from the new temperate regions formed in the Neogene, together with the equator-ward dispersal of organisms tracking their own climatic preferences, when tropical biomes became restricted to the equator. Conversely, high rates of speciation and pole-ward dispersals can account for the formation of an ancient flat LDG during the Cretaceous–Paleogene greenhouse period. Our results demonstrate that the inclusion of fossils in macroevolutionary studies allows detecting extinction events less detectable in analyses restricted to present-day data only.
Quantification of very low-abundant proteins in bacteria using the HaloTag and epi-fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Lepore Alessia , Taylor Hannah , Landgraf Dirk , Okumus Burak , Jaramillo-Riveri Sebastián , McLaren Lorna , Bakshi Somenath , Paulsson Johan , El Karoui M. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTCell biology is increasingly dependent on quantitative methods resulting in the need for microscopic labelling technologies that are highly sensitive and specific. Whilst the use of fluorescent proteins has led to major advances, they also suffer from their relatively low brightness and photo-stability, making the detection of very low abundance proteins using fluorescent protein-based methods challenging. Here, we characterize the use of the self-labelling protein tag called HaloTag, in conjunction with an organic fluorescent dye, to label and accurately count endogenous proteins present in very low numbers (<7) in individualEscherichia colicells. This procedure can be used to detect single molecules in fixed cells with conventional epifluorescence illumination and a standard microscope. We show that the detection efficiency of proteins labelled with the HaloTag is ≥80%, which is on par or better than previous techniques. Therefore, this method offers a simple and attractive alternative to current procedures to detect low abundance molecules.
Confidence assessment and interval prediction for multi-input model via grey system theory
Authors: Wang Haoliang , Dong Xiwang , Li Qingdong , Ren Zhang 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
By using small reference samples, the calculation method of confidence value and prediction method of confidence interval for multi-input system are investigated. The purpose of this paper is to offer effective assessing methods of confidence value and confidence interval for the simulation models used in establishing guidance and control systems.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, first, an improved cluster estimation method is proposed to guide the selection of the small reference samples. Then, based on analytic hierarchy process method, the new calculation method of the weight of each reference sample is derived. By using the grey relation analysis method, new calculation methods of the correlation coefficient and confidence value are presented. Moreover, the confidence interval of the sample awaiting assessment is defined. A new prediction method is derived to obtain the confidence interval of the sample awaiting assessment which has no reference sample. Subsequently, by using the prediction method and original small reference samples, Bootstrap resampling method is used to obtain more correlation coefficients for the sample to reduce the probability of abandoning the true.

Findings
The grey relational analysis is used in assessing the confidence value and interval prediction. The numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

Originality/value
Based on the selected small reference samples, new calculation methods of the correlation coefficient and confidence value are presented to assess the confidence value of model awaiting assessment. The calculation methods of maximum confidence interval, expected confidence interval and other required confidence intervals are presented, which can be used in assessing the validities of controller and guidance system obtained from the model awaiting assessment.
Studies on the properties of buffer operators
Authors: Yao Tianxiang , Gao Hong 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
Buffer operators can be utilized to improve the smooth degree of the raw data sequence, and to increase the simulation accuracy of the model. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the cause of increase in the simulation accuracy of the buffer operator.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper probed into the modeling mechanism of several typical buffer operators such as the arithmetic buffer operators, the buffer operators with monotonic function and weighted buffer operators. The paper also gives an example of the buffer operator sequence.

Findings
The results indicate that after applying an infinite buffer operator, whether the authors adopt a weakening buffer operator or a strengthen buffer operator, the raw sequence can be changed into a constant sequence. Because the discrete GM(1,1) model can completely simulate constant sequence, the simulation accuracy is 100 percent. Because the discrete GM(1,1) model is the accurate form of the GM(1,1) model, after applying an infinite buffer operator, the GM(1,1) model can have a very high simulation accuracy. The buffer operator model can increase the simulation accuracy of both the GM(1,1) model and the discrete GM(1,1) model.

Originality/value
The paper analyses the cause of increasing simulation accuracy of the buffer operator model. The paper may indicate that possible results can be studied in the future. All the buffer operator models have similar properties. After applying an infinite buffer operator, the raw sequence can be changed into a constant sequence. A fixed-point axiom may be the basic cause.
Interval grey number based project scheduling model and algorithm
Authors: Xie Naiming 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to combine the interval grey number algorithm with a project scheduling model, so as to solve the interval grey number based project scheduling problem.Design/methodology/approachAccording to the grey system theory, if we could not clearly collect the right value of an activity while obtaining the upper and lower boundaries of the activity duration time, we can find activity duration time as interval grey number. This paper tries to combine interval grey number with project scheduling problem. The general definition of interval grey number was given. And then the linear operations of independent interval grey number and non-independent interval grey number were further defined. Interval grey number based project scheduling model and its algorithm were further proposed. Finally, a numerical case was adopted to test the effectiveness of the proposed method.FindingsThe results show that grey project scheduling and grey critical path method could be established under interval grey number measured activities.Practical implicationsScheduling problem was widely used in project planning and control. This manuscript attempted to combine interval grey number with project scheduling so as to explain the flexible deadline in a special project. It is truly in accordance with the requirements for real applications.Originality/valueThis paper proposed linear operations of independent and non-independent interval grey numbers, and proposed a interval grey number based project scheduling model. Valuable contribution is to combine interval grey numbers with project scheduling and it is meaningful to make a useful strategy in a flexible condition of project scheduling.