bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un équilibre impossible : financer la mission jésuite du Japon, entre Europe et Asie (1579-1614)
Authors: Vu Thanh Hélène 
Published: December 2016

Cet article étudie la question du financement de la mission jésuite du Japon en la replaçant dans le cadre de sa stratégie globale, à l’aune d’enjeux à la fois spirituels et politiques particulièrement complexes. Il repose sur l’analyse d’une source particulière : les comptes rédigés entre les années 1580 et le début du XVII e siècle par le visiteur des Indes orientales, Alessandro Valignano, chargé de l’inspection des missions en Asie. Ce faisant, il s’agit d’examiner non pas tant le fonctionnement interne de la Compagnie de Jésus au Japon que sa position par rapport aux autres terrains missionnaires asiatiques, notamment l’Inde, ainsi que ses liens matériels et spirituels avec le Portugal et Rome, principaux bailleurs de fonds de la mission. Les jésuites se trouvent ainsi confrontés à la double nécessité d’expliquer à leurs interlocuteurs les difficultés financières qu’ils rencontrent au Japon et de justifier les initiatives qu’ils prennent en conséquence, parfois au mépris des règles fixées en Europe. Contrairement à ce qui a pu être avancé ailleurs, la recherche de nouvelles ressources ne semble pas avoir été un objectif en soi ni avoir fait l’objet d’une réflexion autonome. Le financement de la mission japonaise ne se comprend qu’en lien étroit avec sa position particulière et sa stratégie marquée par de très fortes ambitions. Les solutions particulièrement pragmatiques de financement trouvées par les jésuites ne sont pas le reflet d’une attitude capitaliste mais bien le résultat de leur empressement à faire croître, coûte que coûte, la chrétienté japonaise.
La leçon au Collège de France
Authors: Zaccarello Benedetta 
Published: December 2016

Que peut dire la philosophie par les mots de quelqu’un qui l’enseigne ? Quel statut épistémique peut avoir une parole qui, pendant qu’elle est prononcée à l’usage d’un auditoire historiquement déterminé, ambitionne à exprimer l’universalité de ces concepts abstraits que nous associons davantage à la pérennité (supposée) des livres ? Comment se positionne un philosophe par rapport à son œuvre, à la tradition qui le précède, et à son horizon d’attente au moment où il est appelé à donner voix à sa propre discipline par une institution censée incarner, à son tour, l’architecture même des savoirs et leur patrimoine ? À travers l’analyse d’un échantillon de cours donnés au Collège de France par Valéry, Merleau-Ponty et Foucault, cet article essaie de répondre à ces questionnements, s’appuyant sur la lecture des traces que ces actes d’enseignement ont laissé derrière eux, et de faire émerger, par là, la situation même de leur prononciation.
Periodic Solutions of an Indefinite Singular Equation Arising from the Kepler Problem
on the Sphere
Authors: Hakl Robert , Zamora Manuel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe study a second-order ordinary differential equation coming from the Kepler problem on . The forcing term under consideration is a piecewise constant with singular nonlinearity that changes sign. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions to the existence and multiplicity of T-periodic solutions.
JGME-ALiEM Hot Topics in Medical Education: Analysis of a Multimodal Online Discussion About Team-Based Learning
Authors: Riddell Jeff , Patocka Catherine , Lin Michelle , Sherbino Jonathan 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Team-based learning (TBL) is an instructional method that is being increasingly incorporated in health professions education, although use in graduate medical education (GME) has been more limited.

Objective
To curate and describe themes that emerged from a virtual journal club discussion about TBL in GME, held across multiple digital platforms, while also evaluating the use of social media in online academic discussions.

Methods
The Journal of Graduate Medical Education (JGME) and the Academic Life in Emergency Medicine blog facilitated a weeklong, open-access, virtual journal club on the 2015 JGME article “Use of Team-Based Learning Pedagogy for Internal Medicine Ambulatory Resident Teaching.” Using 4 stimulus questions (hosted on a blog as a starting framework), we facilitated discussions via the blog, Twitter, and Google Hangouts on Air platforms. We evaluated 2-week web analytics and performed a thematic analysis of the discussion.

Results
The virtual journal club reached a large international audience as exemplified by the blog page garnering 685 page views from 241 cities in 42 countries. Our thematic analysis identified 4 domains relevant to TBL in GME: (1) the benefits and barriers to TBL; (2) the design of teams; (3) the role of assessment and peer evaluation; and (4) crowdsourced TBL resources.

Conclusions
The virtual journal club provided a novel forum across multiple social media platforms, engaging authors, content experts, and the health professions education community in a discussion about the importance, impediments to implementation, available resources, and logistics of adopting TBL in GME.
Estrategias de fidelización y orientación al mercado
Authors: Gonzalez Ingrid Eliana Orlandini 
Published: December 2016

Las estrategias de fidelización usadas en el marco de la orientación al mercado son importantes para lograr ventajas competitivas y crear el valor del cliente, en los últimos años los negocios de farmacias en la ciudad de Sucre han crecido bastante por lo que surge la pregunta de investigación: ¿Qué estrategias de fidelización de clientes usan los negocios de farmacias? El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las principales estrategias de fidelización que usan las farmacias, el documento inicia con una exposición de los fundamentos teóricos del tema y cierra con la descripción de las estrategias de fidelización que son aplicadas por los negocios estudiados.
Antarctic ozone depletion between 1960 and 1980 in observations and chemistry–climate model simulations
Authors: Langematz Ulrike , Schmidt Franziska , Kunze Markus , Bodeker Gregory E. , Braesicke Peter 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The year 1980 has often been used as a benchmark for the return of Antarctic ozone to conditions assumed to be unaffected by emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), implying that anthropogenic ozone depletion in Antarctica started around 1980. Here, the extent of anthropogenically driven Antarctic ozone depletion prior to 1980 is examined using output from transient chemistry–climate model (CCM) simulations from 1960 to 2000 with prescribed changes of ozone-depleting substance concentrations in conjunction with observations. A regression model is used to attribute CCM modelled and observed changes in Antarctic total column ozone to halogen-driven chemistry prior to 1980. Wintertime Antarctic ozone is strongly affected by dynamical processes that vary in amplitude from year to year and from model to model. However, when the dynamical and chemical impacts on ozone are separated, all models consistently show a long-term, halogen-induced negative trend in Antarctic ozone from 1960 to 1980. The anthropogenically driven ozone loss from 1960 to 1980 ranges between 26.4 ± 3.4 and 49.8 ± 6.2 % of the total anthropogenic ozone depletion from 1960 to 2000. An even stronger ozone decline of 56.4 ± 6.8 % was estimated from ozone observations. This analysis of the observations and simulations from 17 CCMs clarifies that while the return of Antarctic ozone to 1980 values remains a valid milestone, achieving that milestone is not indicative of full recovery of the Antarctic ozone layer from the effects of ODSs.
ATIVIDADE DE ESTUDO: UMA POSSIBILIDADE DE ALTERAÇÃO DA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA
Authors: Rosa Santana Maria Silvia 
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo defendemos a tese de que o estudo teórico, mediado nas discussões entre os pares e na análise de situações práticas do cotidiano escolar, promove uma atuação docente mais consciente, no que se refere aos objetivos do ensino e às práticas que os materializam. Apresentamos a análise dos dados coletados por meio da pesquisa-ação desenvolvida junto a uma professora do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, visando propor a efetivação da categoria de atividade conforme preconizada pela abordagem Histórico-Cultural. Os resultados apontam para o desenvolvimento de uma disposição psicológica amplamente favorável ao estudo teórico e à alteração da prática pedagógica, e para o surgimento do germe da Educação Desenvolvente nos alunos e na professora que participaram da Atividade de Estudo.
Control and Raising in Persian Language: A Comparative Approach
Authors: Mohammadbagheri Samira 
Published: December 2016

This paper provides a comparative analysis of PRO in Persian and English. How control structure in Persian differs from control structure in English is described in this paper in detail. Analyzing the kinds of verbs making this structure, a list of these verbs is presented. Then, according to the Landau (2004) and Hornstein and Boeckx (2003), a comparison between Control and Raising in Persian and English is made.
State and Revolution: Reflections from South African Institutions of Higher Learning
Authors: Musitha Mavhungu Elias 
Published: December 2016

Democratic states should use democratic principles namely engagement, negotiation, discussion, persuasion and participation to resolve challenges in societies. This is in contrast to colonial and apartheid states which used police, army, imprisonment, exile or banishment from the country against blacks who demanded democratic rights. This study investigates whether democratic South Africa embraces democratic principles highlighted above to deal with its domestic problems or is merely an extension of colonial and apartheid states in addressing challenges it faces. The study makes use of literature to answer the question. This is a qualitative study. The study found that democratic South Africa uses the same undemocratic instruments as evidenced by its handling of the #FeesMustFall campaign. #FeesMustFall leaders and students are being shot at, arrested, and imprisoned in the same jails built and used by the apartheid state, stun grenades are being thrown at them and tear gas sprayed at them. The conclusion of this study is that by implementing similar instruments of maintaining security there is no difference between the means used by oppressive colonial and apartheid governments of the past and those used by democratic SA today.
PERSONALISMO POLÍTICO E COMPORTAMENTO ELEITORAL DA POPULAÇÃO BRASILEIRA NA PERSPECTIVA DO MODELO DE REPRESENTAÇÃO DESCRITIVA: ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE PERFIL DEMOGRÁFICO E SOCIOECONÔMICO DA POPULAÇÃO EM RELAÇÃO AO DOS REPRESENTANTES ELEITOS PARA AS ASSEM
Authors: Horta CláudiaJúlia Guimarães , Dufloth Simone Cristina , Freitas Diego Roger Ramos 
Published: December 2016

<p>O trabalho investiga a existência de relação entre as características dos representantes eleitos nas assembleias legislativas estaduais e o perfil demográfico e socioeconômico da população em idade de votar nos estados brasileiros. O estudo analisa comparativamente a evolução do perfil dos representantes eleitos no que se refere às suas características gerais, ou seja, sexo, idade, nível de escolaridade e ocupação no período de 1998 a 2014, em relação às características gerais da população no que diz respeito à idade, sexo, nível escolaridade e nível de renda. Conclui-se que determinados traços do perfil da população em idade de votar repercutem no perfil dos representantes eleitos para as assembleias legislativas. Entretanto, isso não se dá de modo uniforme em todas as regiões e estados brasileiros para as demais características, de forma que o modelo de representação descritiva não se configura fidedigno podendo envolver também características de outros modelos. </p>
Processo de ocupação dos Cariris Velhos – PB e efeitos na cobertura vegetal: contribuição à Biogeografia Cultural do semiárido
Authors: Souza Bartolomeu Israel , Souza Ramon Santos 
Published: December 2016

<p>A caatinga é uma formação vegetal que tem sido alterada de forma mais intensa a partir do período de colonização europeia no Brasil. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar como esse processo vem ocorrendo ao longo do tempo na região dos Cariris Velhos da Paraíba (Brasil) e quais as consequências resultantes. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada na análise de documentos históricos, trabalhos de campo e imagens de satélite, identificando as principais mudanças ocorridas até a fase atual. Os resultados encontrados indicam a ocorrência de transformações profundas na vegetação nativa, principalmente a partir da expansão do cultivo do algodão e da pecuária na região, com a caatinga diminuindo ao longo do tempo, tanto em quantidade como em diversidade, estabelecendo a criação de diversas áreas desertificadas, além de parte da vegetação nativa ter sido substituída por espécies exóticas, onde se destaca a algaroba (<em>Prosopis juliflora</em>) nas várzeas dos rios, existindo atualmente apenas poucos remanescentes mais preservados. </p>
Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., a new Antarctic trachymedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with a revision of the family Ptychogastriidae
Authors: Galea Horia R. , Roder Cornelia , Walcher Christoph , Warmuth Marco , Kohlberg Eberhard , Fischer Philipp F. 
Published: December 2016

A new genus and species of sympagic trachymedusa, Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., are described based on material from Antarctica. Its generic features are compared to those of its relatives, Ptychogastria Allman, 1878 and Tesserogastria Beyer, 1959, and a review of the family Ptychogastriidae Mayer, 1910, based on literature data, is provided. From this, it results that the poorly-known Pectis antarctica Haeckel, 1879, formerly assigned to Ptychogastria by a number of authors, displays all characters of the contemporary rhopalonematid genus Voragonema Naumov, 1971. It is additionally demonstrated that V. laciniata Bouillon et al., 2001 is coterminous with P. antarctica, a finding that clarifies, 137 years later, the morphology and the taxonomic status of Haeckel’s medusa. In accordance with the Principle of Priority, Pectis is recognized as the valid name of the genus, and Voragonema is assigned to its synonymy. Similarly so, the specific name introduced by Haeckel has priority over laciniata.
Los orígenes biológicos y los derechos de hijos e hijas: filiación y derecho a saber | Biological Origins and the Rights of Children: Parentage and the Right to Know
Authors: Sánchez Martínez María Olga 
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. Este trabajo tiene el propósito principal de estudiar cómo las nuevas formas de acceder a la paternidad y maternidad, a través de las técnicas de reproducción asistida con donación de gametos o embriones, afectan a algunos derechos de los hijos e hijas. En concreto, serán analizados los derechos de filiación paterna y materna y el derecho a conocer los orígenes biológicos. Para ello, será central tomar en consideración el deber que pesa sobre los poderes públicos de asegurar la protección integral de los hijos y posibilitar la investigación de la paternidad, junto con el deber de los padres de prestar asistencia de todo orden a sus hijos. La igualdad de todos los hijos ante la ley, con independencia de su filiación, llevará a comprobar las diferencias entre las personas nacidas mediante reproducción asistida, las nacidas por reproducción natural y las adoptadas, y a valorar si tales diferencias pueden seguir siendo justificadas. ABSTRACT. This work has the main purpose of studying how new ways of access to parenthood, through assisted reproductive technologies with donation of gametes or embryos, affect some rights of the children. Specifically, there will be analyzed the children´s right to both a mother and a father and the right to know their biological origins. To do so, it will be central to take into consideration the duty of public authorities to ensure the comprehensive protection of children and enable the investigation of paternity, together with the duty of parents to provide assistance of all kinds to their children. The equality of all children before the law will lead to testing the differences between those born through assisted reproduction, those born by natural reproduction and the adopted ones, and to assess if such differences may continue being justified
¿Vulnerabilidad vs. Subordiscriminación? Una mirada crítica a la expansión de la vulnerabilidad en detrimento de la perspectiva sistémica | Martha A. Fineman and legal equality: Vulnerability vs. Subordiscrimination?
Authors: Barrère Unzueta Mª Ángeles Maggy 
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. En este artículo se analiza (y cuestiona) la tesis de la vulnerabilidad de la jurista estadounidense Martha A. Fineman. El trabajo se estructura en cinco apartados en los que el paradigma de Fineman es sucesivamente contextualizado, proyectado sobre la jurisprudencia del TEDH y comparado con otras contribuciones críticas al Derecho antidiscriminatorio. El trabajo finaliza con una breve conclusión en la que, aun reconociendo la validez del diagnóstico y la loable finalidad que mueve la teoría de Fineman, pone en duda la virtualidad de la misma como inspiración de un nuevo y necesario concepto de igualdad jurídica. ABSTRACT. This article analyzes (and argues) the American legal scholar Martha A. Fineman’s thesis about vulnerability. It is divided into five sections in which Fineman’s paradigm is successively contextualized, projected to the ECtHR cases on vulnerability and compared with other critical contributions to Antidiscrimination Law. It ends with a brief conclusion that, while recognizing the validity of the diagnosis and the laudable purpose that moves Fineman’s theory, it is critical about taking it as inspiration for a new and necessary concept of legal equality.
Erfaringer med å være pårørende når en nærstående er døende
Authors: Solvoll Betty-Ann 
Published: December 2016

Relatives’ experiences during the dying process of a loved one The purpose of this essay is to explore the relatives’ experiences of being with their loved ones during the dying process. Research question: How do relatives experience being with their loved ones during the dying process? Within a phenomenological hermeneutical framework the personal experiences of the author are interpreted. Essay as a method of critical investigation is used. Relatives may experience the situation strongly existential, being stuck in dilemmas, thus making them less responsive to the actions of the nurses. This challenges nurses to be aware and to put efforts in trying to understand the other and develop their ability to be sensitive and receptive. Whoever is silent, will hear. Being attentive to silence may be a useful approach in order to being emotionally present to the other.
Strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in [Co/Pt]n ultrathin superlattices
Authors: Liu Yi , Qiu Jinjun , Lim Sze Ter , Toh Suey Li , Zhu Zhengyong , Han Guchang , Zhu Kaigui 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Ultrathin [Co/Pt]
n
superlattice films consisting of 0.18–0.60-nm-thick Co and Pt sublayers were deposited by sputtering. A large in-plane saturation field (H
s) of ∼39 kOe and a very large effective perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (K
eff) with a magnitude of 107 erg/cm3 were attained. The highest K
eff was ∼1.40 × 107 erg/cm3. These films are promising candidates for the reference layer of the p-MgO magnetic tunnel junction in Gb-scale magnetic random-access memory.
Music in Informal and formal learning situations in ECEC
Authors: Sæther Morten 
Published: December 2016

The aim of this article is, through theory, research and practical experiences, to discuss how informal teaching and learning situations exemplified by activities including music plays a part in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC). The theoretical frame in this article is based on perspectives on informal teaching and learning in music and in general (Green 2002, 2008; Henze, 2009; Folkestad, 2006; Mak, 2007). The tradition in Norwegian ECEC centers has been based on informal learning processes mainly through social interaction, play, dialogs, aesthetical and outdoor activities in everyday life. ECEC teachers challenged to articulate Informal teaching and learning as professional educators. In light of that statement it is introduced, theoretical perspectives and studies of professions (Abbott, 1988; Grimen, 2008; Heggen, 2008; Polanyi, 2002). The author describes and discusses opportunities of music in ECEC centers and how music can contribute learning in informal learning situations. The discussion refers narrative episodes from observations of ECEC practice. Methodology is based on thematic analysis inspired of Riessman (2008) and Polkinghorne (1995).
Identification and characterization ofDaldinia eschscholtziiisolated from skin scrapings, nails, and blood
Authors: Ng Kee Peng , Chan Chai Ling , Yew Su Mei , Yeo Siok Koon , Toh Yue Fen , Looi Hong Keat , Na Shiang Ling , Lee Kok Wei , Yee Wai-Yan , Kuan Chee Sian 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundDaldinia eschscholtziiis a filamentous wood-inhabiting endophyte commonly found in woody plants. Here, we report the identification and characterization of nineD. eschscholtziiisolates from skin scrapings, nail clippings, and blood.MethodsThe nine isolates were identified based on colony morphology, light microscopy, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based phylogeny.In vitroantifungal susceptibility of the fungal isolates was evaluated by the Etest to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).ResultsThe nine isolates examined were confirmed asD. eschscholtzii. They exhibited typical features ofDaldiniasp. on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, with white felty colonies and black-gray coloration on the reverse side. Septate hyphae, branching conidiophore with conidiogenous cells budding from its terminus, and nodulisporium-like conidiophores were observed under the microscope. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nine isolates were clustered within theD. eschscholtziispecies complex. All the isolates exhibited low MICs against azole agents (voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole), as well as amphotericin B, with MIC of less than 1 µg/ml.DiscussionEarly and definitive identification ofD. eschscholtziiis vital to reducing misuse of antimicrobial agents. Detailed morphological and molecular characterization as well as antifungal profiling ofD. eschscholtziiprovide the basis for future studies on its biology, pathogenicity, and medicinal potential.
A periodic freshwater patch detachment process from the Block Island Sound estuarine plume
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Rothstein Lewis M. , Luo Yiyong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPrevious observations suggest periodic freshwater patches separating from the Block Island Sound (BIS) estuarine plume. In this study, the dynamics of the separation process is investigated through a series of numerical experiments using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). In addition, we explore the seasonal variability of the freshwater patches and their response to river discharge and ambient current. The model results indicate that episodic freshwater patches are triggered by small changes in tidal currents over the spring‐neap tidal cycle. The spring‐neap variation in tidal currents causes significant, monthly fluctuations in turbulent mixing and vertical stratification in BIS, modulating the freshwater discharge thereby generating episodic freshwater patches that move both downstream along the southern shore of Long Island and toward Rhode Island Sound (RIS). The realistically configured model shows that the freshwater patches experience strong seasonal variability. They are largest in spring when the river discharge peaks, and smallest in summer due to the weak river discharge and a robust upstream ambient current from RIS. According to the analysis of the freshwater transport out of BIS, we conclude that such detachment occurs at tidal mixing fronts.