bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disaster Recovery Services in Intercloud using Genetic Algorithm Load Balancer
Authors: Jena Tamanna , Mohanty J.R. 
Published: October 2016

Paradigm need to shifts from cloud computing to intercloud for disaster recoveries, which can outbreak anytime and anywhere. Natural disaster treatment includes radically high voluminous impatient job request demanding immediate attention. Under the disequilibrium circumstance, intercloud is more practical and functional option. There are need of protocols like quality of services, service level agreement and disaster recovery pacts to be discussed and clarified during the initial setup to fast track the distress scenario. Orchestration of resources in large scale distributed system having muli-objective optimization of resources, minimum energy consumption, maximum throughput, load balancing, minimum carbon footprint altogether is quite challenging. Intercloud where resources of different clouds are in align, plays crucial role in resource mapping. The objective of this paper is to improvise and fast track the mapping procedures in cloud platform and addressing impatient job requests in balanced and efficient manner. Genetic algorithm based resource allocation is proposed using pareto optimal mapping of resources to keep high utilization rate of processors, high througput and low carbon footprint. Decision variables include utilization of processors, throughput, locality cost and real time deadline. Simulation results of load balancer using first in first out and genetic algorithm are compared under similar circumstances.
Challenging Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating From the Left Ventricular Summit Near the Left Main Coronary Artery
Authors: Yamada Takumi , Doppalapudi Harish , Litovsky Silvio H. , McElderry H. Thomas , Kay G. Neal 
Published: October 2016

Background—
Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) originating from the basal portion of the left ventricular (LV) summit, which is divided from the apical LV (A-LV) summit by the great cardiac vein (GCV), is challenging. This study investigated the efficacy of RFCA and electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characteristics of these VAs.

Methods and Results—
Forty-five consecutive patients with symptomatic idiopathic LV summit VAs were studied. RFCA was successful within the main trunk of the GCV in 16 patients and within a branch of the GCV traversing the basal LV (B-LV) summit in 7. Transpericardial RFCA was successful on the epicardial surface in the A-LV summit in 6 patients and was abandoned in 14 with the B-LV summit VAs because of the close proximity to the coronary arteries and thick fat pads. RFCA was successful at the aortomitral continuity in 3 patients (2 with a failed transpericardial RFCA), and left coronary cusp in 1. The RFCA success rate of the A-LV summit VAs including the GCV VAs was 100% (22/22), whereas that of the B-LV summit VAs was 48% (11/23). The B-LV summit VAs could be differentiated from the A-LV summit VAs by left bundle branch block pattern, QRS duration ≤175 ms, precordial transition ≥V1, and maximum deflection index of ≥0.55.

Conclusions—
This study revealed that ≈50% of the B-LV summit VAs could be eliminated by a direct approach through a GCV branch running below the proximal left coronary arteries and a remote approach from the adjacent endocardial sites.
Left Atrial Remodeling and Atrioventricular Coupling in a Canine Model of Early Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Zakeri Rosita , Moulay Gilles , Chai Qiang , Ogut Ozgur , Hussain Saad , Takahama Hiroyuki , Lu Tong , Wang Xiao-Li , Linke Wolfgang A. , Lee Hon-Chi , Redfield Margaret M. 
Published: October 2016

Background—
Left atrial (LA) compliance and contractility influence left ventricular stroke volume. We hypothesized that diminished LA compliance and contractile function occur early during the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and impair overall cardiac performance.

Methods and Results—

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiography, left ventricular and LA pressure-volume studies, and tissue analyses were performed in a model of early HFpEF (elderly dogs, renal wrap-induced hypertension, exogenous aldosterone; n=9) and young control dogs (sham surgery; n=13). Early HFpEF was associated with LA enlargement, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and enhanced LA contractile function (median active emptying fraction 16% [95% confidence interval, 13–24]% versus 12 [10–14]%,
P
=0.008; end-systolic pressure-volume relationship slope 2.4 [1.9–3.2]mm Hg/mL HFpEF versus 1.5 [1.2–2.2]mm Hg/mL controls,
P
=0.01). However, atrioventricular coupling was impaired and the curvilinear LA end-reservoir pressure-volume relationship was shifted upward/leftward in HFpEF (LA stiffness constant [β
LA
] 0.16 [0.11–0.18]mm Hg/mL versus 0.06 [0.04–0.10]mm Hg/mL controls;
P
=0.002), indicating reduced LA compliance. Impaired atrioventricular coupling and lower LA compliance correlated with lower left ventricular stroke volume. Total fibrosis and titin isoform composition were similar between groups; however, titin was hyperphosphorylated in HFpEF and correlated with β
LA
. LA microvascular reactivity was diminished in HFpEF versus controls. LA microvascular density tended to be lower in HFpEF and inversely correlated with β
LA
.

Conclusions—
In early-stage hypertensive HFpEF, LA cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, titin hyperphosphorylation, and microvascular dysfunction occur in association with increased systolic and diastolic LA chamber stiffness, impaired atrioventricular coupling, and decreased left ventricular stroke volume. These data indicate that maladaptive LA remodeling occurs early during HFpEF development, supporting a concept of global myocardial remodeling.
Residual Myocardial Iron Following Intramyocardial Hemorrhage During the Convalescent Phase of Reperfused ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling
Authors: Bulluck Heerajnarain , Rosmini Stefania , Abdel-Gadir Amna , White Steven K. , Bhuva Anish N. , Treibel Thomas A. , Fontana Marianna , Ramlall Manish , Hamarneh Ashraf , Sirker Alex , Herrey Anna S. , Manisty Charlotte , Yellon Derek M. , Kellman Peter , Moon James C. , Hausenloy Derek J. 
Published: October 2016

Background—
The presence of intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients reperfused by primary percutaneous coronary intervention has been associated with residual myocardial iron at follow-up, and its impact on adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling is incompletely understood and is investigated here.

Methods and Results—

Forty-eight ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 4±2 days post primary percutaneous coronary intervention, of whom 40 had a follow-up scan at 5±2 months. Native T1, T2, and T2* maps were acquired. Eight out of 40 (20%) patients developed adverse LV remodeling. A subset of 28 patients had matching T2* maps, of which 15/28 patients (54%) had IMH. Eighteen of 28 (64%) patients had microvascular obstruction on the acute scan, of whom 15/18 (83%) patients had microvascular obstruction with IMH. On the follow-up scan, 13/15 patients (87%) had evidence of residual iron within the infarct zone. Patients with residual iron had higher T2 in the infarct zone surrounding the residual iron when compared with those without. In patients with adverse LV remodeling, T2 in the infarct zone surrounding the residual iron was also higher than in those without (60 [54–64] ms versus 53 [51–56] ms;
P
=0.025). Acute myocardial infarct size, extent of microvascular obstruction, and IMH correlated with the change in LV end-diastolic volume (Pearson’s rho of 0.64, 0.59, and 0.66, respectively;
P
=0.18 and 0.62, respectively, for correlation coefficient comparison) and performed equally well on receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting adverse LV remodeling (area under the curve: 0.99, 0.94, and 0.95, respectively;
P
=0.19 for receiver operating characteristic curve comparison).

Conclusions—
The majority of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients with IMH had residual myocardial iron at follow-up. This was associated with persistently elevated T2 values in the surrounding infarct tissue and adverse LV remodeling. IMH and residual myocardial iron may be potential therapeutic targets for preventing adverse LV remodeling in reperfused ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients.
Impact of Hypertension on Cognitive Function: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Iadecola Costantino , Yaffe Kristine , Biller José , Bratzke Lisa C. , Faraci Frank M. , Gorelick Philip B. , Gulati Martha , Kamel Hooman , Knopman David S. , Launer Lenore J. , Saczynski Jane S. , Seshadri Sudha , Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina 
Published: October 2016

Background—
Age-related dementia, most commonly caused by Alzheimer disease or cerebrovascular factors (vascular dementia), is a major public health threat. Chronic arterial hypertension is a well-established risk factor for both types of dementia, but the link between hypertension and its treatment and cognition remains poorly understood. In this scientific statement, a multidisciplinary team of experts examines the impact of hypertension on cognition to assess the state of the knowledge, to identify gaps, and to provide future directions.

Methods—
Authors with relevant expertise were selected to contribute to this statement in accordance with the American Heart Association conflict-of-interest management policy. Panel members were assigned topics relevant to their areas of expertise, reviewed the literature, and summarized the available data.

Results—
Hypertension disrupts the structure and function of cerebral blood vessels, leads to ischemic damage of white matter regions critical for cognitive function, and may promote Alzheimer pathology. There is strong evidence of a deleterious influence of midlife hypertension on late-life cognitive function, but the cognitive impact of late-life hypertension is less clear. Observational studies demonstrated a cumulative effect of hypertension on cerebrovascular damage, but evidence from clinical trials that antihypertensive treatment improves cognition is not conclusive.

Conclusions—
After carefully reviewing the literature, the group concluded that there were insufficient data to make evidence-based recommendations. However, judicious treatment of hypertension, taking into account goals of care and individual characteristics (eg, age and comorbidities), seems justified to safeguard vascular health and, as a consequence, brain health.
“Promoting Early Presentation” intervention sustains increased breast cancer awareness in older women for three years: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kaushal Aradhna , Ramirez Amanda J , Warburton Fiona , Forster Alice S , Linsell Louise , Burgess Caroline , Tucker Lorraine , Omar Lynne , Forbes Lindsay JL 
Published: October 2016

Objective In a randomized controlled trial, the Promoting Early Presentation intervention increased older women’s breast cancer awareness after two years. We investigated whether this increase was sustained at three years, and the effect on breast screening self-referral. Methods We randomly allocated 867 women attending their final invited breast screening appointment to the Promoting Early Presentation intervention or usual care. We examined breast cancer awareness after three years and breast screening self-referrals after four years. Results Women in the Promoting Early Presentation intervention arm had higher breast cancer awareness at three years than the usual care arm (odds ratio: 10.4; 95% confidence interval: 3.1 to 34.8). There were no differences in proportions self-referring for breast screening between arms, but statistical power was limited. Conclusion The Promoting Early Presentation intervention has a sustained effect on breast cancer awareness in older women. The effect on self-referral for breast screening is unclear.
Update on the prevention of death from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Jacomelli Jo , Summers Lisa , Stevenson Anne , Lees Tim , Earnshaw Jonothan J 
Published: October 2016

Objectives To monitor the early effect of a national population screening programme for abdominal aortic aneurysm in 65-year-old men. Setting The study used national statistics for death rates from abdominal aortic aneurysm (Office of National Statistics) and hospital admission data in England (Hospital Episode Statistics). Methods Information concerning deaths from abdominal aortic aneurysm (ruptured and non-ruptured) (1999–2014) and hospital admissions for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (2000–2015) was examined. Results The absolute number of deaths from abdominal aortic aneurysm in men and women aged 65 and over has decreased by around 30% from 2001 to 2014, but as the population has increased, the relative reduction was 45.6% and 40.0%, respectively. Some 65% of all abdominal aortic aneurysm deaths are in men aged over 65; women aged 65 and over account for around 31%. Deaths from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in men aged 60–74 (the screened group) appear to be declining at the same rate as in men aged 75 and over. The relative decline in admissions to hospital with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm may be greater in men and women aged 60–74 (which contains the screened group of men), than those older, giving the first possible evidence that abdominal aortic aneurysm screening is having an effect. Conclusion The death rate from abdominal aortic aneurysm is declining rapidly in England. There is the first evidence that screening may be contributing to this reduction.
Experience with long-term rituximab use in a multiple sclerosis clinic
Authors: Barra Megan E , Soni Dhruv , Vo Khac Huy , Chitnis Tanuja , Stankiewicz James M 
Published: October 2016

Background Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody directed at CD20 positive B-lymphocytes and a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The safety of recurrent dosing is not established. Objectives The objective of this work was to report the experience of long-term rituximab administration in a comprehensive multiple sclerosis care clinic. Methods This was a single-center retrospective observational analysis of patients receiving rituximab for the treatment of multiple sclerosis from 2004 to 2015. Different dosing regimens were reviewed to determine whether frequency or dose may affect safety. CD19 and CD20 counts were collected to evaluate B-cell suppression during therapy. Relapses, magnetic resonance imaging activity and rituximab-related adverse events were collected by chart review and prospective database entry. Results Of 107 patients included, the average duration of treatment was 33.2 months. Seventy-seven patients received recurrent rituximab dosing after initiation. CD19/20 reconstitution occurred in approximately 20% of patients at 6 months, regardless of dosing strategy. Despite CD19/20 counts of 0, three patients had relapses or magnetic resonance imaging activity. Mostly mild side effects in relation to therapy were seen, with the exception of three patients requiring hospitalization for urinary tract infections. Conclusions In our clinic population, rituximab was well tolerated and safe with recurrent administration.
Optimizing the Use of Gene Expression Profiling in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Hyun-seok , Umbricht Christopher B. , Illei Peter B. , Cimino-Mathews Ashley , Cho Soonweng , Chowdhury Nivedita , Figueroa-Magalhaes Maria Cristina , Pesce Catherine , Jeter Stacie C. , Mylander Charles , Rosman Martin , Tafra Lorraine , Turner Bradley M. , Hicks David G. , Jensen Tyler A. , Miller Dylan V. , Armstrong Deborah K. , Connolly Roisin M. , Fetting John H. , Miller Robert S. , Park Ben Ho , Stearns Vered , Visvanathan Kala , Wolff Antonio C. , Cope Leslie 
Published: October 2016

Purpose Gene expression profiling assays are frequently used to guide adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in hormone receptor–positive, lymph node–negative breast cancer. We hypothesized that the clinical value of these new tools would be more fully realized when appropriately integrated with high-quality clinicopathologic data. Hence, we developed a model that uses routine pathologic parameters to estimate Oncotype DX recurrence score (ODX RS) and independently tested its ability to predict ODX RS in clinical samples. Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed ordered ODX RS and pathology reports from five institutions (n = 1,113) between 2006 and 2013. We used locally performed histopathologic markers (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Ki-67, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and Elston grade) to develop models that predict RS-based risk categories. Ordering patterns at one site were evaluated under an integrated decision-making model incorporating clinical treatment guidelines, immunohistochemistry markers, and ODX. Final locked models were independently tested (n = 472). Results Distribution of RS was similar across sites and to reported clinical practice experience and stable over time. Histopathologic markers alone determined risk category with > 95% confidence in > 55% (616 of 1,113) of cases. Application of the integrated decision model to one site indicated that the frequency of testing would not have changed overall, although ordering patterns would have changed substantially with less testing of estimated clinical risk–high or clinical risk–low cases and more testing of clinical risk–intermediate cases. In the validation set, the model correctly predicted risk category in 52.5% (248 of 472). Conclusion The proposed model accurately predicts high- and low-risk RS categories (> 25 or ≤ 25) in a majority of cases. Integrating histopathologic and molecular information into the decision-making process allows refocusing the use of new molecular tools to cases with uncertain risk.
Bidirectional traffic between the Golgi and the endosomes – machineries and regulation
Authors: Progida Cinzia , Bakke Oddmund 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The bidirectional transport between the Golgi complex and the endocytic pathway has to be finely regulated in order to ensure the proper delivery of newly synthetized lysosomal enzymes and the return of sorting receptors from degradative compartments. The high complexity of these routes has led to experimental difficulties in properly dissecting and separating the different pathways. As a consequence, several models have been proposed during the past decades. However, recent advances in our understanding of endosomal dynamics have helped to unify these different views. We provide here an overview of the current insights into the transport routes between Golgi and endosomes in mammalian cells. The focus of the Commentary is on the key molecules involved in the trafficking pathways between these intracellular compartments, such as Rab proteins and sorting receptors, and their regulation. A proper understanding of the bidirectional traffic between the Golgi complex and the endolysosomal system is of uttermost importance, as several studies have demonstrated that mutations in the factors involved in these transport pathways result in various pathologies, in particular lysosome-associated diseases and diverse neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Mechanisms of low back pain: a guide for diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Allegri Massimo , Montella Silvana , Salici Fabiana , Valente Adriana , Marchesini Maurizio , Compagnone Christian , Baciarello Marco , Manferdini Maria Elena , Fanelli Guido 
Published: October 2016

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a chronic pain syndrome in the lower back region, lasting for at least 3 months. CLBP represents the second leading cause of disability worldwide being a major welfare and economic problem. The prevalence of CLBP in adults has increased more than 100% in the last decade and continues to increase dramatically in the aging population, affecting both men and women in all ethnic groups, with a significant impact on functional capacity and occupational activities. It can also be influenced by psychological factors, such as stress, depression and/or anxiety. Given this complexity, the diagnostic evaluation of patients with CLBP can be very challenging and requires complex clinical decision-making. Answering the question “what is the pain generator” among the several structures potentially involved in CLBP is a key factor in the management of these patients, since a mis-diagnosis can generate therapeutical mistakes. Traditionally, the notion that the etiology of 80% to 90% of LBP cases is unknown has been mistaken perpetuated across decades. In most cases, low back pain can be attributed to specific pain generator, with its own characteristics and with different therapeutical opportunity. Here we discuss about radicular pain, facet Joint pain, sacro-iliac pain, pain related to lumbar stenosis, discogenic pain. Our article aims to offer to the clinicians a simple guidance to identify pain generators in a safer and faster way, relying a correct diagnosis and further therapeutical approach.
Informational Services for Communicative Social Structures
Authors: Каргин  , Kargin Nikolay , Щадилова  , Shchadilova I. 
Published: October 2016

Paper considers methodological basis which provides a forming of a overall
theoretical knowledge about communication processes in social-economy
structure of a modern society. As a basic structure is taken natural science
law – which describes process of the internal informational interaction of a
systems differing in their structure type and complexity value. Paper considers
evolutional processes of interactions between systems of different
grades from simply and determinate to thin and probabilistic (which uses
different types of informational resources). Justifies key differences of interaction
process of a person to person type of social structures, in dealing
with different types and complexity scale problem solving.
Language of Schematic Images as Means of Educational Communication
Authors: Лукашеня  , Lukashenya Z. 
Published: October 2016

In article the solution of an interdisciplinary problem of understanding of
information in the course of educational communication is considered. Interest
in language of schematic images is one of manifestations of objective
communications between didactics and logic. Process of development of
schemes is productive and creative. In it abilities of students creatively to
think and fix this process in a sign and symbolical form reveal. At implementation
of educational communication in practice of the author are used
epistemological, logical, the subject-object, psychological, gnoseological,
methodological, scientific and subject schemes and scheme of equipment
of thinking. The technology of work on schemes in the course of vocational
training of future teachers is used for assimilation of educational information,
for development of algorithms of work with it, for fixation of own reflection
by results of educational communication. Use of language of schematic
images in educational communication promotes development of future
teachers, both in professional, and in the personal plan.