bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE RACIAL ECOLOGY OF LEAD POISONING
Authors: Sampson Robert J. , Winter Alix S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the racial ecology of lead exposure as a form of environmental inequity, one with both historical and contemporary significance. Drawing on comprehensive data from over one million blood tests administered to Chicago children from 1995-2013 and matched to over 2300 geographic block groups, we address two major questions: (1) What is the nature of the relationship between neighborhood-level racial composition and variability in children’s elevated lead prevalence levels? And (2) what is the nature of the relationship between neighborhood-level racial composition and rates of change in children’s prevalence levels over time within neighborhoods? We further assess an array of structural explanations for observed racial disparities, including socioeconomic status, type and age of housing, proximity to freeways and smelting plants, and systematic observations of housing decay and neighborhood disorder. Overall, our theoretical framework posits lead toxicity as a major environmental pathway through which racial segregation has contributed to the legacy of Black disadvantage in the United States. Our findings support this hypothesis and show alarming racial disparities in toxic exposure, even after accounting for possible structural explanations. At the same time, however, our longitudinal results show the power of public health policies to reduce racial inequities.
A 6-month follow-up study of the randomized controlled Ma-Pi macrobiotic dietary intervention (MADIAB trial) in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Soare A , Del Toro R , Khazrai Y M , Di Mauro A , Fallucca S , Angeletti S , Skrami E , Gesuita R , Tuccinardi D , Manfrini S , Fallucca F , Pianesi M , Pozzilli P 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background:
In the MADIAB trial (a 21-day randomized, controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)), intervention with the Ma-Pi 2 macrobiotic diet resulted in significantly greater improvements in metabolic control compared with a standard recommended diet for patients with T2D. We report on a 6-month follow-up study, which investigated, whether these benefits extended beyond the 21-day intensive dietary intervention, in real-world conditions.

Subjects:
At the end of the MADIAB trial (baseline of this follow-up study), all participants continued their assigned diet (Ma-Pi or control) for 6 months. The Ma-Pi 2 group followed the Ma-Pi 4 diet during this follow-up study. Forty of the original 51 subjects (78.4%) participated in the follow-up (body mass index, 27–45 kg m−2; age, 40–75 years). Primary outcome was percentage change from baseline in HbA1c; secondary outcomes were anthropometric data and lipid panel.

Results:
A significantly greater median percentage reduction was observed for HbA1c in the Ma-Pi group (−11.27% (95% confidence interval (CI): −10.17; −12.36)) compared with the control group (−5.88% (95% CI: −3.79; −7.98)) (P < 0.001). Total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol increased in both groups with no differences between groups (P=0.331 and P=0.082, respectively). After correcting for age and gender, the Ma-Pi diet was associated with a higher percentage reduction in HbA1c (95% CI: 2.56; 7.61) and body weight (95% CI: 0.40; 3.99), and a higher percentage increase in LDL cholesterol (95% CI: −1.52; −33.16). However, all participants’ total and LDL cholesterol levels remained within recommended ranges (<200 mg dl−1 and <100 mg dl−1, respectively). The Ma-Pi diet group achieved the target median HbA1c value (<5.7% (39 mmol mol−1)) at 6 months.

Conclusions:
Both the Ma-Pi and control diets maintained their benefits beyond the 21-day intensive monitored intervention over a 6-month follow-up in real-world conditions. The Ma-Pi diet resulted in greater improvement in glycemic control.
FLASH protects ZEB1 from degradation and supports cancer cells' epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Abshire C F , Carroll J L , Dragoi A-M 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCancer metastasis remains a significant challenge and the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths. It is postulated that during metastasis cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process characterized by loss of cell–cell contacts and increased migratory and invasive potential. ZEB1 is one the most prominent transcriptional repressors of genes associated with EMT. We identified caspase-8-associated protein 2 (CASP8AP2 or FLASH) as a novel posttranscriptional regulator of ZEB1. Here we demonstrate that FLASH protects ZEB1 from proteasomal degradation brought by the action of the ubiquitin ligases SIAH1 and F-box protein FBXO45. As a result, loss of FLASH rapidly destabilized ZEB1 and reversed EMT cellular characteristics. Importantly, loss of FLASH blocked transforming growth factor-β-induced EMT and enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapy. Thus, we propose that FLASH–ZEB1 interplay may be a protective mechanism against ZEB1 degradation in cells undergoing EMT and may be an efficacious target for therapies aimed to block EMT progression.
Targeting tumour vasculature by inhibiting activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)1 function
Authors: de Vinuesa Amaya García , Bocci Matteo , Pietras Kristian , ten Dijke Peter 
Published: August 2016

Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer and is now a validated therapeutic target in the clinical setting. Despite the initial success, anti-angiogenic compounds impinging on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway display limited survival benefits in patients and resistance often develops due to activation of alternative pathways. Thus, finding and validating new targets is highly warranted. Activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)1 is a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) type I receptor predominantly expressed in actively proliferating endothelial cells (ECs). ALK1 has been shown to play a pivotal role in regulating angiogenesis by binding to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)9 and 10. Two main pharmacological inhibitors, an ALK1-Fc fusion protein (Dalantercept/ACE-041) and a fully human antibody against the extracellular domain of ALK1 (PF-03446962) are currently under clinical development. Herein, we briefly recapitulate the role of ALK1 in blood vessel formation and the current status of the preclinical and clinical studies on inhibition of ALK1 signalling as an anti-angiogenic strategy. Future directions in terms of new combination regimens will also be presented.
Notas sobre la difusión en Portugal del Libellus de constructione octo partium orationis (Londres 1513) durante la primera mitad del siglo XVI
Authors: Ponce de León Romeo Rogelio 
Published: August 2016

This paper studies the spreading in the Latin-Portuguese grammaticography of the Libellus de constructione octo partium orationis (London 1513), written by William Lily and revised by Erasmus of Rotterdam. First, the editorial history of the Libellus and its dissemination in Europe are summarily presented. The second part analyses the textual and doctrinal similarities between the syntax of Lily / Erasmus and the following grammars: The Institutiones, tum lucidae, tum compendiosae, latinarum literarum of Máximo de Sousa, the Institutiones grammaticae latinae of Nicolaus Clenardus, the Latinae grammatices compendium of Duarte Pinhel, the Grammaticae introductiones breuiores et lucidiores of Jerónimo Cardoso and the Grammatices duo compendia of Fernando Soares Homem.
OncoSimulR: genetic simulation of cancer progression with arbitrary epistasis and mutator genes
Authors: Diaz-Uriarte Ramon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOncoSimulR implements forward-in-time genetic simulations of diallelic loci in asexual populations with special focus on cancer progression. Fitness can be defined as an arbitrary function of genetic interactions between multiple genes or modules of genes, including epistasis, restrictions in the order of accumulation of mutations, and order effects. Mutation rates can be made to differ between genes, and can be affected by (anti)mutator genes. Also available are sampling from single or multiple simulations, including single-cell sampling, plotting the parent-child relationships of the clones and generating and plotting random fitness landscapes.Availability and implementationImplemented in R and C++, freely available from BioConductor for Linux, Mac, and Windows under the GNU GPL license. Version 2.3.12 or higher available from:http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/devel/bioc/html/OncoSimulR.html. GitHub repository at:https://github.com/rdiaz02/OncoSimul.
Mind games that create a well-focussed worker
Authors: Wheatcroft John 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
Mindfulness is well-studied in many disciplines, but less so in management science. Little is known about its impacts on employees at work. This paper focuses on mindfulness at work, defined as a psychological state in which employees intentionally pay full attention to the present moment while executing job tasks.

Design/methodology/approach
Researchers used a sample of 503 full-time employees, having earlier narrowed down the key items via questions put to business studies students who also work part-time.

Findings
Results suggested that mindfulness at work is an important antecedent to resource accrual, well-being and organizational attitudes. It also has an effect on the employee’s commitment and desire to stay with the organization.

Originality/value
Takes the concept of mindfulness into a new territory.
Stressing the importance of stress
Authors: Linacre Simon 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
What is the best antidote to stress? For those of us working in modern corporations, we see the impact of stress all too frequently. The CEO who ages before your eyes; the director who is over 60 years old and failing to keep pace with those 20 years younger; the over-reaching young executive sleeping too little and having much touch of caffeine and other stimulants. The result all too often is sub-optimal performance and eventual burnout – the exact opposite of what everyone involved would intend.

Practical implications
The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Extending the careers of older workers: the role of individual working agreements
Authors: Cole Graham 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
An ageing population is a characteristic shared by many developed economies. One obvious consequence of this trend is an increase in the number of older workers. Age equals knowledge, skills and experience. So, given the value of these qualities in the workplace, firms should continue to utilize what such individuals have to offer. Insightful organizations realize this and have begun to devise certain human resource practices with their more senior employees in mind. But results have been inconsistent thus far. This suggests that a different strategy is required. It is normal for people's needs to change as they get older. With age comes heterogeneity. Now this should be noted within the workplace as well as outside of it. In the light of such knowledge, perhaps a more targeted approach could be of greater benefit to senior members of staff.

Practical implications
The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Update on adult safeguarding
Authors: Penhale Bridget , Flynn Margaret 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide an update for readers on recent issues relating to adult safeguarding, together with signposting of papers in this issue of the journal.

Design/methodology/approach
– A review of recent media, news and policy related items was undertaken and key findings are reported.

Findings
– A range of findings and information pertinent to adult safeguarding is presented in the paper for readers to consider.

Practical implications
– Some of the issues and perspectives presented in the paper may be of relevance for professional practice and readers may wish to disseminate such aspects to colleagues in order to inform practice initiatives.

Originality/value
– The paper provides an update and overview of recent topics that are linked to adult safeguarding and protection and draws these together in an accessible format.
The business of saving lives in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) - a social imperative? Insights from “The Global Soap Project”
Authors: Madichie Nnamdi O. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
Using a single case study of The Global Soap Project, a social enterprise founded by an African Immigrant resident in the USA, this study aims to explore and posit how lives could be saved in Sub-Saharan Africa and especially so in light of the Ebola pandemic ravaging swathes of West African communities.

Design/methodology/approach
The qualitative study interrogates both the identity of a diasporic social entrepreneur in an attempt to develop a framework that links this concept to community entrepreneurship using a single case study.

Findings
With hindsight, The Global Soap Project has much to offer in terms of “saving lives” in these communities, as the battle against the Ebola virus calls for containment measures.

Research limitations/implications
While arguably limited in terms of being a single case, this study furthers the understanding on the role of social entrepreneurship in complementing community efforts and coping strategies for tackling pandemics such as the Ebola virus.

Social implications
Evidently, while vaccines are being fast-tracked, the spread of the virus can be curtailed through personal hygiene, and the project illustrates how an individual social enterprise can be leveraged at the community level.

Originality/value
The study provides avenues for future research enquiry into how single cases might be transformed into multiple cases, both within and across sectors, for the benefit of humanity in general and affected communities in particular.
Informal and formal learning of general practitioners
Authors: Spaan Nadia Roos , Dekker Anne R.J. , van der Velden Alike W. , de Groot Esther 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of formal learning from a web-based training and informal (workplace) learning afterwards on the behaviour of general practitioners (GPs) with respect to prescription of antibiotics.

Design/methodology/approach
To obtain insight in various learning processes, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 GPs. These interviews were transcribed and analysed with a theory-based template, that had been defined beforehand, but with an open mind for emerging themes.

Findings
The web-based training was perceived by GPs to change their prescription behaviour, mostly as a result of informal learning processes. Being a research participant and being a supervisor appeared to create most opportunities for informal learning.

Practical implications
The current research shows that being a research participant and/or a supervisor enhance informal learning activities, for example, reflection and social interaction, and thereby formal training becomes more effective. It is recommended to remind GPs regularly to reflect on their prescribing behaviour and to stimulate them to reflect and seek social interaction besides participating in formal training.

Originality/value
Our study adds to the existing literature by considering informal learning processes in an evaluation of the perceived effects of formal training. Our findings have implications for the design and evaluation of formal trainings with the purpose of behavioural change of doctors.
Doing it together: a story from the co-production field
Authors: Kidd Jacquie , Edwards Gareth 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– Co-production in the context of mental health research has become something of a buzzword to indicate a project where mental health service users and academics are in a research partnership. The notion of partnership where one party has the weight of academic tradition on its side is a contestable one, so in this paper the authors “write to understand” (Richardson and St Pierre, 2005) as the purpose of this paper is to examine the experiences of working in a co-produced research project that investigated supported housing services for people with serious mental health problems.Design/methodology/approach– The authors set out to trouble the notion of co-produced research though a painfully honest account of the project, while at the same time recognising it as an idea whose time has come and suggesting a framework to support its implementation.Findings– Co-production is a useful, albeit challenging, approach to research.Originality/value– This paper is particularly relevant to researchers who are endeavouring to produce work that challenges the status quo through giving voice to people who are frequently silenced by the research process.
Unearthing truths in duoethnographic method
Authors: Farquhar Sandy , Fitzpatrick Esther 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to engage with challenges the authors encountered in duoethnographic inquiry, including questions about what it means to tell the truth, and the decisions the authors made about what stories to include and exclude. The focus is on the ethical challenges involved in duoethnography and the ways in which the authors chose, and or felt compelled to, overcome them. The authors provide an argument for the need of intimate, eclectic and open-ended inquiry-based research that poses questions, challenges dominant discourses and promotes a compositional methodology in which to explore lived the experience of participants.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors’ own duoethnographic process, embedded in an anthropological hermeneutics (Ricoeur, 1991), within a mode of narrative inquiry, developed over a period of three to four months. The authors had a number of formal and informal conversations – some recorded and transcribed, others remembered and reflected on later in e-mails or in draft academic papers. The authors shared articles, e-mailed, conversed with family and examined photos. Reflecting on some of these conversations, the authors were sometimes uncomfortable with the way the stories they shared had the potential to expose aspects of themselves and those the authors are close to. The authors developed fictionalising techniques and poetry in order to tell these stories.

Findings
– Duoethnography engages with method that reveals truth as layered, contradictory and necessarily intersubjective. It is this tentative and contingent nature of truth that augers for a hyper-consciousness of the relationship between transgression and transformation. Using fictional ways of knowing: poetry, scripting and metaphor; and the usual technologies of research: anonymisation, de-identification; and drawing on notions of redaction and under erasure the authors found safe ways to represent particularly challenging issues. The process involved intimate revealing – small stories that the authors shared here to argue for the importance of the affective in transformative educational research.

Research limitations/implications
– The authors continue to work in uncomfortable places and suggest that ethics often involves irreconcilable and incommensurate discourses which cannot always be accounted for in normalised codes of ethics. The authors argue that this tension provides an important on-going ethical encounter where, as researchers, the authors continue to generate and implement creative and innovative methodologies.

Originality/value
– Throughout the paper the authors have suggested ways to challenge the linear, logical and the predictable as the authors wrestled with how personal narratives may reveal personal truth and transformation that may open ways for larger transformative actions.
Antecedents for successful collaboration in requirements engineering
Authors: Paavola Risto , Hallikainen Petri 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The main focus of the requirements engineering (RE) literature has been on the technical aspects related to the RE projects. Research has largely focused on the specific methods for collecting the requirements for an information system. Much less research has been conducted on the social and collaboration aspects of RE. To fill this gap, this paper aims to study the contribution of social factors, such as social ties, knowledge sharing and flexibility, for successful collaboration in RE teams.

Design/methodology/approach
The research followed the case study methodology. Data were collected from a successful RE and development project in a public sector company in Finland. The model for social collaboration by Kotlarsky and Oshri (2005) was applied as a starting point for analysis, but new concepts emerged during the coding process.

Findings
The results suggest that human-related aspects, such as flexibility, collective knowledge and transactive memory, were important for successful collaborative work in the RE team studied. The results show a clear connection between the collaboration factors in the RE process and the success of the end product.

Originality/value
The article fills a clear gap in the RE literature. It shows that human-related aspects are important in the RE process. This opens up new research avenues, such as investigating the effect of human-related factors on the whole lifecycle of a project.
Nodular hidradenoma arising on the site of a BCG scar
Authors: Bhullar Anisha , Lee Bang Rom , Shamsudin Norashikin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHidradenomas are tumours that arise from the adnexal structures, both eccrine and apocrine and are histologically benign. The tumours that arise from eccrine differentiation are known as poroid hidradenomas and when they arise from the apocrine glands they are called nodular hidradenomas. In our centre a 13‐year‐old boy presented with a slow‐growing, painless erythematous fungating nodule on the left upper arm over a period of 18 months at the site of the BCG vaccination. The nodule was surgically excised and sent for histopathological examination, leading to a diagnosis of nodular hidradenoma. This case is presented to highlight its rarity, together with its clinical features that were suggestive of malignancy but proved ultimately to be benign.