bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Other, Role Theory, Key Elements on the Development of One-Self and Psychopathology
Authors: F.I.Z.  , C.Z.  , J.V.  
Published: May 2016

We plan to analyze the psychological and sociological concepts of the other and the role theory. We would describe the roles in psychopathology differentiating between the identity of the role and the identity of oneself and its entailment with the other, with respect to the development of the individual and its difficulties in the acquisition of roles, leading to different clinical entities. These pathologies show phenomenological differences observed in clinical situations such as schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disease, personality disorders and in psychopathological manifestations of epilepsy. We analyze the difficulties schizophrenic patients have in assuming roles, as well as in the recognition of “the other”, depressive patients and their over identification of roles, the link to manic states, and a poor identity observed in patients with hysteria. Special considerations are made in the social interactions of epileptic patients with “the other” which takes the form of “being with”, and the dynamics established by epileptics in their social roles. These characteristics are also found in epileptic psychoses. When a psychotic state ends, and patients recover from a clear or lucid epileptic psychoses, they return to work recovering their social roles and interaction with others. In the case of cognitive impairment and organic dementia, there is a difficult adaptation due to this disability. Experiences lived under the psychotic episode are maintained, even reinforced and influence how they consider themselves and the others, in particular in terms of moral and religious ideas.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Dimensions of DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms
Authors: Soberón C. , Crespo M. , Gómez-Gutiérrez M. , Fernández-Lansac V. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDespite the four factor model of PTSD proposed in the DSM-5 (APA, 2013) has received a better empirical support than three factor model of DSM-IV (APA, 1994), some alternative models proposed can provide a better representation of PTSD's latent structure.ObjectiveThe current study tested the fit of seven models, including the 3-factor DSM-IV model (APA, 1994), the 4-factor DSM-5 model (APA, 2000), the 4-factor dysphoria model (Simms, Watson & Doebbeling, 2002), the 5-factor dysphoric arousal model (Elhai et al., 2012), the 6-factor anhedonia model (Liu et al., 2014), the 6-factor externalizing behaviors model (Tsai et al., 2014) and the 7-factor hybrid model (Armour et al., 2015) that combines key features of the anhedonia and externalizing behaviors models.AimIt expected that the 7-factor hybrid model (Armour et al., 2015) would be the best fitting model.MethodsPTSD symptoms were assessed using the Global Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (EGEP-5; Crespo, Gómez & Soberón, 2016) in a sample of 165 victims of different traumatic events. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFAs) were conducted on each of the seven models using Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation method.ResultsAll the models tested (except for DSM-IV model) yielded an adequate fit to the data. However, 7-factor hybrid model (Armour et al., 2015) provided a better fit than other competing models.ConclusionsThe current findings suggest that the dimensional structure of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms may be best represented by the 7 factors proposed in the hybrid model instead of 4 factors of DSM-5.References not available.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Impact of Early Affiliative Memories on Psychological Health: The Mediator Role of External Shame and Cognitive Fusion
Authors: Ferreira C. , Mendes A.L. , Marta-Simões J. , Trindade I.A. 
Published: May 2016

Early positive interactions have been positively associated with positive mental health outcomes. In contrast, the lack of these early affiliative experiences of warmth and safeness can have negative consequences on the individual's physical, emotional and social development.The current study tests a mediation model that examines the mediator effect of external shame and cognitive fusion on the association between early affiliative memories with attachment figures and with peers, and psychological quality of life. These analyses were conducted using a sample of 453 participants from the community.The final model explained 47% of psychological quality of life and presented excellent model fit indices. Results from path analysis showed that both early affiliative memories of warmth and safeness with peers and attachment figures present a significant impact on psychological quality of life through the indirect effect of external shame and cognitive fusion. In fact, although early affiliative memories with peers also presented a direct effect on psychological quality of life, the impact of early affiliative memories with attachment figures on this outcome was totally mediated through the mechanisms of external shame and cognitive fusion.These findings seem to provide an important contribution to the field of early affiliative memories of warmth and safeness with attachment figures and with peers by uncovering the mediating role of external shame and cognitive fusion. Furthermore, these data highlighted the relevance of developing intervention programs in the community, especially in a context of early adverse experiences, for the promotion of mental health well-being.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mental Health and Empathy: Do Nursing Students Have Better Attitudes to Psychiatric Patients?
Authors: Pascucci M. , Capobianco F. , La Montagna M. , Stella E. , Ventriglio A. , Rubini G. , De Angelis A. , Parente P. , Janiri L. , Pozzi G. , Di Nunzio V. , Piemontese G. , Bellomo A. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundStigma towards mental illness has a major impact on the quality of life and the health care of psychiatric patients. Several studies have reported that health professionals have more negative attitudes than general population.AimsTo explore empathy and attitudes towards mental illness in nursing students (NS) and non-health university students. Our purpose is to see how NS have more empathic and less stigmatizing attitudes towards psychiatric patients, compared to other university students.MethodsWe tested 96 university students (50 NS and 46 non-health university students), with the following questionnaires anonymously filled out:– Community attitudes towards mental ill (CAMI), to evaluate the different students’ attitudes towards mental illness;– Empathy quotient (EQ), to assess empathy.ResultsNS differs from the other group in 5 items of CAMI (P < 0.05 in 3 items and P < 0.01 in 2 items), and Authoritarianism subscale (P = 0.023). This shows that NS have a greater general awareness and less stigmatizing attitudes about the need to hospitalize the mentally ill, the difference between psychiatric patients and general population, the wrong need of segregation and the real causes of mental illness. There is also a significant difference in EQ (items 6, 21, 25, 44, 59): future nurses seem to have a slightly higher empathy, even though the EQ total score does not differ in the two groups.ConclusionsThese results suggest that there is a difference with respect to the attitudes towards psychiatric patients in NS and students who do not follow health-care courses: NS have more empathetic and less stigmatizing attitudes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Obsessive Versus Delusional Jealousy: Destruction in a Form of Creation – A Review
Authors: Almeida Leite R. , Conde E. , Queirós Santos T. , Almeida M. , Azevedo Santos T. , Mesquita Figueiredo A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionJealousy is a complex emotional state and some degree is considered normal in mature love, but when does it become destructive in a relationship? There's a thin line between what is normal and what is pathologic. Pathological jealousy differs from normal by its intensity and irrationality. Obsessive and delusional jealousies are different types of pathological jealousy, difficult to distinguish, which is important, since they have different treatment. Despite the differences, both result in significant distress and carry the risk of homicide/suicide, so it's a matter deserving the psychiatrists’ attention.ObjectiveExplore the psychopathological differences between obsessive and delusional jealousy and list the characteristics and difficulties in the approach to pathological jealousy.MethodsThe results were obtained searching literature included on the PubMed and Google Scholar platforms.ResultsDelusional jealousy is characterized by strong and false beliefs that the partner is unfaithful. Individuals with obsessive jealousy suffer from unpleasant and irrational jealous ruminations that the partner could be unfaithful, accompanied by compulsive checking of partners’ behavior. This jealousy resembles obsessive-compulsive phenomenology and should be treated with SSRIs and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Delusional jealousy is a psychotic disorder and should be treated with antipsychotics.ConclusionThe common issue in pathological jealousy is the problem of adherence to treatment and bad prognosis. In order to achieve better treatment outcomes, we should follow-up the patient regularly. One key factor is to explore the psychopathology and motivate the sufferer for the proper pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions, trying to reduce the suffering caused by ideas of unfaithfulness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Comparisons of psychological characteristics between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depressive disorder patients
Authors: Shin M.S. 
Published: May 2016

Introduction and objectivesThis study was conducted to examine the psychological characteristics of the schizophrenia (n = 20), bipolar disorder (n = 20) and depressive disorder (n = 13) patients on MMPI-2 and Rorschach responses.MethodsMMPI-2 and Rorschach was individually administered to all patients, and their Rorschach responses were scored by Exner's comprehensive scoring system. The means of T scores of MMPI-2 subscales and Rorschach scores were compared among the three groups.ResultsThe schizophrenic and bipolar disorder groups showed significantly higher scores on the MMPI-2 K scale than the depressive group, while the depressive group showed significantly higher score on MMPI-2 Si scale than the schizophrenic and bipolar groups. In Rorschach responses, the bipolar and depressive groups obtained significantly higher scores on two variables (FM + m, m) than the schizophrenic group. The bipolar group obtained significantly higher scores on three variables (es, CP, a), suggesting hyperactivity and mood dysregulation.ConclusionsThese results suggested that patients with depressive disorder might subjectively suffer from more severe emotional and social discomfort than patients with the schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, while patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia would be more defensive than the depressive patients.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
A case report: Sanchís-Banús syndrome
Authors: Valdés Valdazo J. , Franch Pato C.M. , Martínez Martínez C. , Serrano García A. , De Santiago Sastre J. , Ugidos Fernández A. , Min Kim J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThere are few reported cases relating visual acuity and psychosis. The Spanish psychiatrist Sanchís-Banús focused on two patients who became blind and who, due to stress developed paranoid and jealousy delusional ideas. He called it “Sanchís-Banús syndrome” (SBS) that is mentioned in the psychiatry literature.MethodologyA case report. We present a case of “paranoid delusion of the blind” (SBS), quite similar in its clinical characteristics to those of the original patients of the valencian psychiatrist Sanchís-Banús. In our case, we met a 46-years-old woman, who worked as a lottery seller because she had a visual problem: retinitis pigmentosa. She had had her first psychotic decompensation when the blindness started. In spite of having achieved good social and work performance with quetiapine 400 mg/daily, laboral conflicts and stress caused her delusional ideas again. She began to think that her mother was not her real mother (Capgras syndrome) and that she was being persecuted. She also did not eat the meal and did not drink water because she thought that they were contaminated.ResultsWe started treatment with clozapine at doses of 300 mg every day (50-50-200) combined with aripiprazole15 mg/day tolerating the medication without notable effects. After this adjustment of medication, remission and good criticism of hallucinatory and delusional clinical course. The nosological, clinical, and prognostic features of SBS are discussed in light of the current literature.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Do I need treatment? Insight and therapy adherence in a group of patients in treatment with aripiprazole long acting injectable
Authors: Berta S. , Víctor C. , Ivan T. , Julia M. , Silvia O. , Sandra C. , Estanislao M. , Miguel M. Luis , Noelia B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionRelapse prevention is one of the major goals in psychiatry because it will mark the prognosis and quality of life in patients. In this aspect, plays a very important role insight and adherence to treatment. Some studies show that long acting injectable treatments improve adherence as compared with oral medications.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to analyse the degree of insight and adherence to treatment of a group of patients with aripiprazole long acting injectable ALAI treatment.MethodologyDescriptive study in a group of patients treated with ALAI. Three months of follow-up. To assess the insight we had use the 3 first items of the Unawareness of Mental Disorder SUMD. Adherence to treatment is evaluated by monitoring if patients come to administrate ALAI.Resultsn = 6, 2 women (33.3%) and 4 men (66.7%). The mean age of the sample was 37 years. Diagnoses were 4 patients with psychotic disorder (66.7%;) 2 with bipolar disorder (33.3%). At the SUMD, mean score for the items consciousness of having a disorder and awareness of the effects of medication was 3, and for the item awareness of the social consequences of mental disorder 4. The mean score for the total punctuation was 10. Five (83.3%) had a 100% of adherence, just 1 patient discontinued de treatment on the third month.ConclusionsOn our sample adherence, it was almost complete in all patients. To highlight the scores for SUMD which means low insight. A large sample is required to increase the reliability of the study.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Analysis of the diagnoses of patients treated with palmitate paliperidone
Authors: Diago Labrador C. , Álvarez Montoya A.M. , Ruano Hernández T. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesReview of the diagnoses of the treated patients with palmitate paliperidone for one year in a mental health unit, as well as some of their key sociodemographic characteristics, the length of the hospital stay and the average treatment according to clinical diagnosis.MethodsDescriptive epidemiological study including patients admitted to our hospital. It covers the period from January 2014 to December 2014.ResultsFor the period between January and December, a total of 315 patients were admitted in our mental health hospital unit, of which 45 were treated with paliperidone palmitate. The diagnosis were: schizophrenia (25 patients; 55.56%), schizoaffective disorder (7 patients; 15.56%), delusional disorder (5 patients; 11.11%), bipolar disorder (1 patient; 2.22%), personality disorder (2 patients; 4.44%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (1 patient; 2.22%), organic brain disorder (1 patient; 2.22%), schizophreniform disorder (1 patient; 2.22%) and mental retardation (1 patient; 2.22%). The mean age of patients was 35.7 years old. The most common marital status was unmarried state (30 patients; 66.6%). The average stay per hospital admission was 19.33 days. The most abused drugs were tobacco (31 patients; 68.8%). The mean dose of paliperidone palmitate was 137.5 mg. Schizophrenic patients need higher doses of treatment.ConclusionsA significant improvement in functionality was observed in our patients. What's proven efficacy and good tolerability and adherence, so we consider paliperidone palmitate as a drug of first choice in the treatment of schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Nalmefene and alcohol use disorder
Authors: Díaz Piñeiro M.D. , Gutiérrez Ortega M.A. , Mateos Agut M. , Martín Martínez E. , Sanz Cid B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPsychopharmacology study.ObjectiveTo evaluate Nalmefene effectiveness in clinical practice in patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder.MethodDescriptive, prospective and observational study with patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder, treated with Nalmefene during 6 months.ResultsTwenty-seven patients (9 women and 18 men); average age: 47.92. A total of 64.28% with F10 as an exclusive main diagnosis. Drink urge perception at the beginning: 6.37 points over 10.6 months later, 3.25 points. Loss of alcohol drinking control perception at the beginning: 6.03 points over 10. Six months later, it is reduced down to 2.37 points. GGT reduction (from 107.18 to 36.5 U.I./L) and Mean Corpuscular Volume reduction (from 90.2 to 88.9 fl). The average of days/month with binge drinking at the beginning was 16.18 SD (standard drinks); and monthly total of alcohol consumption is 182.75 SD. After a month: 4.6 days and 66.52 SD. After 6 months, it decreases to 4 days/month and 63.3 SD. The results of the Rhode Island Change Assessment scale are: 7.4% in pre-contemplation stage, 70.37% contemplation stage, 3.7% action stage and 18.5% in maintenance stage. Six months later: 75% contemplation, 12.5% action and 12.5% maintenance stage. The main side effects were: nausea and vomiting, 22.22% at the beginning and 12.5% that persist with intakes; sexual side effects in 22.22% throughout the treatment; the 14.8% report increased sleeping and dreaming, 14.8% report restlessness, after six months drowsiness prevails with a 18%. At first, orthostatic dizziness appears in a 14.8%, disappearing 4 weeks later.ConclusionNalmefene is effective in reducing alcohol consumption, with few side effects and good acceptance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Tropicamide eye drops reduce clozapine-induced hypersalivation: A case report
Authors: Kilic O. , Ozturk H.M. , Ata E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionClozapine-induced sialorrhea (CIS) is a common, treatment-limiting and stigmatizing side effect. All systemic agents that are used for hypersalivation may increase clozapine side effects such as blood pressure changes, constipation, or arrythmias. Oral application of topical anti-muscarinic agents may be a low side effect option for treatment of CIS.ObjectiveThe aim of this case report was to propose an off-label treatment of tropicamide drops to CIS and to stimulate further investigation.Case reportA 33-year-old male inpatient with schizophrenia has been on clozapine 800 mg and amisulpride 600 mg/day. His drooling was occasional and severe as drool drips off his chin during the day and night. Wet area over the pillow, visual analog scale (VAS), the short form of health survey (SF-36), UKU side effect rating scale, scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS), scale for the assessment of positive symptoms (SAPS) were applied at baseline and in one-week intervals. Oral application of one drop of tropicamide % 0.5 (5 mg/mL) to left and one drop to right side before going to bed in the first week and two drops to each side were administered subsequently. Informed consent was given by the patient.ResultsNo psychological, neurological, autonomic and other side effects were observed associated with tropicamide. On VAS, the patient rated hypersalivation 5/7 at baseline, 4/7 after one drop each, 3/7 after two drops each.ConclusionsThe reduction of CIS by oral use of tropicamide eye drops is promising and should be explored with randomized controlled trials.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
California rocket fuel: And what about being a first line treatment?
Authors: Silva J. , Mota J. , Azevedo P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe association venlafaxine-mirtazapine is currently known as California Rocket Fuel (CRF). Studies show advantage in terms of efficacy and rapid control of depressive symptoms compared to other associations. Venlafaxine is a selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor and mirtazapine is a noradrenergic-specific serotonergic antidepressant: the result is a potent noradrenergic and serotonergic effect. Studies say that CRF should be performed only for drug-resistant depression; however, there are case reports of its use as a first line treatment, in selected patients.ObjectivesTo summarize the latest literature about this field and to present a case report.AimTo explore and critically review the controversies of venlafaxine-mirtazapine association as a first line antidepressants strategy.MethodsA brief review of the latest literature was performed, using PubMed and the keywords “venlafaxine-mirtazapine association”. A case report about a depressed woman is presented.ResultsDespite most studies are referent to its utility in drug-resistant depression, there are recent pilot studies that recommend CRF as a first line option.M., a 64-year-old woman, had her first psychiatric consultation. She had been depressed for 2 years, she lost 10 kg, had total insomnia and suicidal thoughts. CRF was started up to 150/15 mg, daily. An improvement was noticed after two weeks of treatment and the stabilization of depressive symptoms were achieved by the fourth month.ConclusionsCRF seems to be effective and useful. Patients with insomnia and weight loss may benefit from CRF as a first line option. However, more studies are needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.