bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived adherence barriers among patients failing second-line antiretroviral therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa
Authors: Barnett W , Patten G , Kerschberger B , Conradie K , Garone D B , Van Cutsem G , Colvin C KJ 
Published: June 2017

Background. The recent scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage in resource-limited settings has greatly improved access to treatment. However, increasing numbers of patients are failing first- and second-line ART.Objective. To examine factors affecting adherence to second-line ART from the perspective of clinic staff and patients, assessing both individual and structural perceived barriers.Methods. Research was conducted at a large primary care tuberculosis (TB)/HIV clinic in Khayelitsha, a peri-urban township in Cape Town, South Africa. Participants were drawn from a Médecins Sans Frontières-run programme to support patients failing second-line ART. A qualitative research approach was used, combining multiple methodologies including key informant interviews with staff (n=11), in-depth interviews with patients (n=10) and a Photovoice workshop (n=11). Responses and photographs were coded by content; data were transformed into variables and analysed accordingly.Results. Staff identified drinking, non-disclosure, not using condoms and pill fatigue as barriers to ART adherence, while patients identified side-effects, not using condoms and a lack of understanding concerning medication timing. With respect to service delivery, staff identified a need for continued counselling and educational support following ART initiation. Patients were concerned about missing medical records and poor staff attitudes in the clinic.Conclusion. These findings identify discrepancies between provider and patient perceptions of barriers to, and facilitators of adherence, as well as of service delivery solutions. This highlights the need for on-going counselling and education following ART initiation, improved quality of counselling, and improved methods to identify and address specific barriers concerning medication adherence.
Analysis of queries from nurses to the South African National HIV & TB Health Care Worker Hotline
Authors: Swart Annoesjka Maria , Chisholm Briony Sue , Cohen Karen , Workman Lesley Jean , Cameron David , Blockman Marc 
Published: June 2017

Background. Since 2008, the Medicines Information Centre (MIC) has run the South African National HIV & TB Health Care Worker Hotline which provides free information on patient treatment to all healthcare workers in South Africa. With the introduction of nurse-initiated management of antiretroviral therapy (NIMART) in the public sector, the need for easy access to HIV and tuberculosis (TB) information has increased, especially among nurses. The hotline aims to provide this, most importantly to nurses in rural areas, where clinical staff often have little access to peer review.Objective. To describe the queries received from nurses by the hotline between 1 March and 31 May 2012 and identify problem areas and knowledge gaps where nurses may require further training.Methods. All queries received from nurses during the study period were analysed. An experienced information pharmacist reviewed all queries to identify knowledge gaps.Results. During the study period, the hotline received a total of 1 479 HIV- and TB-related queries from healthcare workers. Of these, 386 were received from nurses, of which 254 (66%) were NIMART-trained. The most common query subtopic was initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) (20%), followed by adverse drug reactions (18%). The most common knowledge gap identified was the ability to interpret laboratory results before initiating ART (10%).Discussion. We conclude that the hotline is providing clinical help to an increasing number of nurses on the topic of treating HIV and TB throughout South Africa. In addition, queries directed to the hotline may assist in identifying knowledge gaps for the further training of nurses.
Belief and participation with clinical physiotherapists in research
Authors: Hamzat T.K. , Amusat N.T. 
Published: June 2017

Research is a major tool in updating professional knowledge and discovering of new techniques. The relevance ofresearch to Physiotherapy in this era of evidence-based practice cannotbe over-emphasised. This survey was carried out to investigate: a) thelevel of participation of Kuwait based clinical physical therapists (CPTs)in research (b) their research beliefs and (c) factors enhancing or hindering their participation in research.One hundred and five CPTs from seven Ministry of Health (MOH)Hospitals were surveyed, using a 21 - item structured questionnaire.Ninety-six of the 105 questionnaire forms were returned, 87 (90.6%) ofwhich were complete. The results showed that 71 (81.6%) of the participants agreed that CPTs should engage in research and 79 (90.8%) believed that research would enhance practice. While 75 (86.2%) claimed that readingPhysiotherapy journals has enhanced their practice, only 34 (39.1%) had ever participated in any research since qualifying as a basic physiotherapist. Only 6(6.9%) had scientific publications in professional journals and 34(39.1%) were regularly subscribing to professional journals. Five factors were identified as hindrances to research.These were poor library facilities (80.4%), time constraints (86.2%), lack of research funds (74.7%), lack of equip-ment (71.3%) and lack of pre-requisite training in research activities (44.8%).From the results obtained in this survey, it can be inferred that the level of participation of Kuwait - based CPTs inresearch is very low. Thus, implying that clinical observations are not being validated through research. Acquisitionof new knowledge and updating on existing/methods/techniques through the reading of professional Journals is low.
Physiotherapists` knowledge of the transmission and prevention of communicable diseases
Authors: Grobler L. , Kleynhans N. , Lubbe A. , Smit T. , Retief C. , Victor D. , Bester C. J. 
Published: June 2017

With the world-wide increase of communicable diseases, adequate knowledge by health professionals of the transmission and prevention of these diseases is essential to ensure effective protection. The aim of this study was to determine whether practising physiotherapists’ knowledge of the transmission and prevention of tuberculosis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS was adequate to ensure effective protection.A descriptive study was conducted. One hundred and forty six practising physiotherapists in the Free State received questionnaires on which they had to indicate the relevant transmission and preventative measures for each disease. One hundred and three (70.5%) questionnaires were returned. Points were allocated for the knowledge of transmission and preventative measures. The medians with respect to transmission were: tuberculosis 83%, hepatitis A 58%, hepatitis B 67%, hepatitis C 75% and HIV/AIDS 92%. The medians with respect to preventative measures were: tuberculosis 57%, hepatitis A 58%, hepatitis B 77%, hepatitis C 67% and HIV/AIDS 71%. The knowledge of transmission was better than the knowledge of preventative measures. An increase in the knowledge of practising physiotherapists in the Free State is needed to ensure their maximal protection against communicable diseases.
Effect of back school protocol on the referral rate of patients with low back pain to an industrial physiotherapy clinic
Authors: Odebiyi D. O. , Akinpelu A. O. , Olaogun M. O. B. 
Published: June 2017

Back schools are educational programmes originally developed in a work place (Volvo factory in Sweden) for patients with back pain, to enable them to manage their own back problems better. ‘Back school’ was originally aimed at modifying the behaviours of patients with low back pain (LBP), with the view to prevent relapses. In an effort to encourage and stimulate the use of ‘back school’ among health workers in Nigeria, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a back school protocol in a Soap Making Industry in Lagos, Nigeria. One hundred and ten (110) workers of a Soap Making Industry in Lagos, Nigeria, participated in this study. A pre-test, post-test experimental design was employed. The participants were divided into two groups - office workers and factory workers for the purpose of the training in the content of the back school protocol. The ‘back school’ consisted of classroom teaching and the use of two videotapes titled “lifting technique” and “back pain”. Data on demographic information, knowledge of back structures and back care were collected using a questionnaire with closed ended questions, which was completed before, immediately after and 8 weeks after the administrations of the contents of the back school protocol (Akinpelu and Odebiyi, 2004). The records of the factory’s clinic were also reviewed for the 12-months before and 12 months after the study. The mean values of the participants’ age, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were 36.60 ± 9.10 years, 1.65 ± 0.10 m,69.13 ± 7.70 kg and 25.40 ± 3.30 kg/m2 respectively. The results showed that the 12-months prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among the workers was 71%. The result also showed that over 50% of the participants never had any information or lesson on back care, and those that had some form of information obtained it by chance. There was 23% reduction in referral for care of back pain 12 months after the administration of the back school protocol. However, Chi square analysis showed that there was no significant difference (p = 0.23) between the number of physiotherapy referrals to the factory’s clinic 12-months before the study and 12-months after the studyThe findings of this study suggest that the back school protocol was able to impart some knowledge (of back pain and back care) in the industrial workers. This knowledge seems to have assisted this group of individuals to cultivate good postural habits, particularly at work. This might have led to the 23% reduction in the reported cases of patients with LBP to the factory’s Physiotherapy Clinic.
A perspective on disability and rehabilitation
Authors: Mothabeng D. J. 
Published: June 2017

This paper is written in honor of the memory of the late Jules Rothstein, editor in chief “emeritus” of the Physical Therapy (the journal of the American Physical Therapy Association - APTA) who passed away on the 27-08-2005. It is fitting to dedicate a paper on disability to Dr. Rothstein, as he himself likened disability with the identity of physiotherapy. A paper focusing on disability at this time might be the wake up call needed to make physiotherapists heed the African decade of the disabled person, which is more than halfway through. The paper highlights the problem of sparse evidence in rehabilitation and emphasizes the need for an evidence-based approach to rehabilitation. Practical suggestions for the implementation of EBP in rehabilitation using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability (ICF) as a framework are proposed. This paper is envisaged to enthuse rehabilitation physiotherapists to embrace EBP, so that their focus is redirected to the ‘eradication of disability’.
Tswana speaking South Africans’ understanding of pain scales
Authors: Yazbek M. , Stewart A. , Becker P. 
Published: June 2017

Aim: The aim of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Tswanatranslations of three pain scales.Design: This was a cross–sectional study to validate and test the reliability of threepain scales.Participants: One hundred subjects participated in the study. They were selectedfrom the back schools of five hospitals in the North -West Province of South A frica andfrom workers in these hospitals who were employed as kitchen workers, laundryworkers and cleaners.Method: Translation of the pain scales and the stages of cross-cultural adaptation were followed as recommended byBeaton et al (2000). Pain tolerance of the subjects was measured using a P.T.M. (pressure threshold meter). The painscales used were the V.A .S. (visual analogue scale) one (nought and ten only), the V.A .S. (visual analogue scale) two(nought through to ten), the W.B.F. (Wong-Baker Faces pain measure) and the V.R.S. (verbal rating scale). The V.R.S.used came in two forms. The first form was written on cue cards which the subjects arranged in order and the second form was the questionnaire version of the V.R.S.The subjects were interviewed and asked five questions relating to their back pain. Upon completion of the interviewthe pressure threshold of the painful area (back) was tested. Subjects then filled in the three pain scales, namely the (V.A .S. one, V.A .S. two, the V.R.S. and lastly the W.B.F. pain scale). Approximately a third of the sample (37) was retested the following day following the same procedure asdescribed above. Results: There was no correlation between the pressure threshold meter readings and the pain scale measurements. Conclusion: From the statistical analysis of the results, it became apparent that the subjects tested did not have anunderstanding of any of the three pain scales. Future research needs to be done in developing entirely different scales for peoples of low literacy and differentlanguage and cultural groups in South Africa.
The effect of exercising with manual compression foot pumps, on dialysis efﬁciency, in patients with end stage renal disease
Authors: Kern J. , Stewart A. , Becker P. 
Published: June 2017

Aim: This study aimed to establish if exercising with manual compressionfoot-pumps, could be used as an intervention to improve dialysis efﬁcacy. A pre test -post test design was used to test the intervention. Subjects were invited to participate in the study depending on whether they ﬁtted the eligibility criteria of the study. Eight weeks after entry into the study pre-test values of dialysis efﬁcacy (Kt/V ) were established prior to the implementation of an eight-week exercise programme followed by the collection of post intervention dialysis efﬁcacy values. Subjects performed seated heel raises with manual compression foot-pumps on their feet (Venous A nti-stasis Slippers) for 20 continuous minutes per hour for the ﬁrst three hours of their dialysis sessions (two or three times per week). Twelve subjects ﬁnished the programme. During the eight weeks of exercise an increaseof 8.7% was noted in Kt/V values with a mean change of 0.12 (p=0.04). It appears that an eight week exercise programme using manual compression foot pumps (Venous A nti-stasis Slippers) may be effective in improving dialysisefﬁciency. These ﬁndings need to be tested in a study with an appropriate sample size.
The effect of upper extremity weight bearing on upper extremity function in children with hemiplegic type of cerebral palsy
Authors: Jayaraman P. , Puckree T. 
Published: June 2017

The main objective of this study was to quantify the effects ofweight bearing on upper limb function in children with hemiplegic cerebralpalsy. This study also sought to monitor the change in spasticity immediatelyfollowing weight bearing exercises. A quasi-experimental, one group pre-test,post-test design was used. Eleven children with hemiplegic type of cerebral palsyfrom a special school in KwaZulu Natal participated after fully informed consentof the caretaking guardian. The intervention consisted of a standardized programof weight bearing. The Melbourne A ssessment of Upper Extremity function wasused to quantify upper extremity function of reach, grasp and manipulation and the modified A shworth grading of spasticity was used to grade and monitor spasticity. The data was analysed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. A significant decrease in spasticity during elbow extension (p= 0,004), wrist flexion (p=0,026) and extension (p=0,004)was noted. Statistically significant improvement in function, reach (p=0, 00), grasp (p=0, 02) manipulation (p=0, 05)and overall quality of function (p= 0,003) was also found. A n overall significant effect of weight bearing exercises onupper extremity function was noted providing evidence for practice.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis and its impact on physiotherapy management: a case report
Authors: Schneiderman J. , Van Aswegen H. , Roos R. 
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this paper is to report on the modified physiotherapy intervention for toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in a 31 year old pregnant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive woman on antiretroviral therapy. Physiotherapy intervention consisted of nebulisation and the active cycle of breathing technique in order to clear secretions. To restore lung volumes, the active cycle of breath-ing technique was utilized in addition to positive expiratory pressure, incentive spirometry and positioning. Passive and active exercises and stretches were employed to maintain and regain range of motion in affected limbs. Following intervention, positive changes were noted in outcome measures such as secretion clearance, breath sounds and general function. It is concluded that physiotherapy intervention has a role to play in the rehabilitation of patients with TEN.
Community service physiotherapists – what do they know about hiv/aids?
Authors: Mangrey A. , Naidoo L. , Naidoo T. , Puckree T. 
Published: June 2017

Southern Africa has been identified as the heart of the HIV/AIDS pandemic for more than two decades. At its heart lies KwaZulu Natal with more than a third of its ten million inhabitants infected. In its effort to ensure service to all, the South African National Department of Health has instituted several strategies to ensure some service delivery to the rural and urban poor communities. One of these strategies was the introduction of community service in 2002, for physiotherapists and other health care professionals for one year following successful completion of the University degree. In keeping with this, Physiotherapy curricula had to change with the changing needs of the increased demands placed on the new graduates. This study undertook to find out the knowledge, attitudes and experience of the 2004 community service physiotherapists in KwaZulu Natal with regard to HIV/AIDS in their community service year. Seventy-seven community service physiotherapists who serviced KwaZulu Natal in 2004 participated. Of the 59 contactable subjects, 47 returned their questionnaires and only 44 were viable for analysis. The results showed that 100% of the participants had contact with HIV/AIDS patients during their community service year. These therapists felt that a physiotherapist can play a vital role in the care of these patients. Seventy five percent believed that their undergraduate programmes did not prepare them adequately to cope with these patients in the community. However, their exposure to these patients improved their attitudes towards people with the syndrome. In conclusion although these young therapists started off being ill equipped, the exposure improved their ability to meet the challenges. This information is useful for curriculum development and transformation in physiotherapy.
On the comparability of knowledge transfer activities – a case study at the German Baltic Sea Coast focusing regional climate services
Authors: Meinke Insa 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In this article the comparability of knowledge transfer activities is discussed by accounting for external impacts. It is shown that factors which are neither part of the knowledge transfer activity nor part of the participating institution may have significant impact on the potential usefulness of knowledge transfer activities. Differences in the potential usefulness are leading to different initial conditions of the knowledge transfer activities. This needs to be taken into account when comparing different knowledge transfer activities, e.g., in program evaluations. This study is focusing on regional climate services at the German Baltic Sea coast. It is based on two surveys and experiences with two identical web tools applied on two regions with different spatial coverage. The results show that comparability among science based knowledge transfer activities is strongly limited through several external impacts. The potential usefulness and thus the initial condition of a particular knowledge transfer activity strongly depends on (1) the perceived priority of the focused topic, (2) the used information channels, (3) the conformity between the research agenda of service providing institutions and information demands in the public, as well as (4) on the spatial coverage of a service. It is suggested to account for the described external impacts for evaluations of knowledge transfer activities. The results show that the comparability of knowledge transfer activities is limited and challenge the adequacy of quantitative measures in this context. Moreover, as shown in this case study, in particular regional climate services should be individually evaluated on a long term perspective, by potential user groups and/or by its real users. It is further suggested that evaluation criteria should be co-developed with these stakeholder groups.
Compreendendo os significados das interações entre profissionais de saúde e idosos usuários de medicamentos
Authors: Júnior Divaldo Pereira de , Marques Tatiane Cristina , Miasso Adriana Inocenti , Cassiani Sílvia Helena De Bortoli 
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho visa compreender e analisar os significados das interações entre profissionais de saúde (médicos e farmacêuticos) e idosos portadores de condições crônicas de saúde, na perspectiva dos usuários de medicamentos. O estudo foi realizado em uma unidade de saúde do Município de Ribeirão Preto, em agosto de 2003. Esta análise secundária teve como referencial o Interacionismo Simbólico e os dados das entrevistas gravadas, no trabalho original, foram submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo. Os temas que emergiram demonstram que a ambivalência simbólica das interações permite diversas interpretações que vão desde o distanciamento e falta de confiança até a liberdade de expressão e o diálogo com o profissional de saúde. Compreender tais interações pode ser fundamental para melhorar o entendimento do processo saúde-doença, otimizar os cuidados à saúde e garantir o uso racional dos medicamentos.
Epidemiologia das infecções em queimaduras no nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Silva Márcia Calheiros Chaves , Pacheco Jamile De Souza , Furtado Francisca Virgínia de Sousa , Matos Filho José Costa , Damasceno Ana Kelve De Castro 
Published: June 2017

As infecções hospitalares são complicações freqüentes, graves que comprometem a recuperação dos pacientes queimados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar o perfil epidemiológico e os principais microrganismos isolados de infecções em vítimas de queimaduras em Fortaleza/CE. Estudo observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo, utilizando dados secundários dos indivíduos atendidos no Centro de Tratamento de Queimados (CTQ) do Instituto Dr. José Frota (IJF) para tratamento de queimaduras, atendidos entre janeiro/ 2004 a abril/2006. 419 vítimas de queimaduras foram atendidas no período estudado, sendo maioria do sexo masculino (59,43%), procedente de Fortaleza (56,80%), com menos de três anos de idade (30,31%). Do total, 188 pacientes (44,88%) apresentaram queimaduras em 11 a 20% da superfície corporal queimada (SCQ). Foram notificados 175 casos de infecções hospitalares, sendo a infecção da corrente sangüínea a mais prevalente (77,14%), seguida da infecção respiratória (11,43%), do trato urinário (8,0%) e cutânea (2,86%). Os microorganismos mais comumente isolados foram Staphylococcus aureus (34,69%), Pseudomonas sp.(33,33%), Enterobacter sp.(14,29%), Escherichia coli (4,08%) e Klebsiella pneumoniae (3,40%). A faixa etária mais acometida foi abaixo de três anos, evidencia necessidade dos pais assegurarem a segurança de seus filhos em casa. Os microorganismos isolados ratificam o risco elevado das vítimas de queimaduras as infecções endógenas e exógenas.