bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online brand communities as heterogeneous gatherings: a netnographic exploration of Apple users
Authors: Özbölük Tuğba , Dursun Yunus 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the different types of members based on their roles within an online brand community dedicated to Apple.

Design/methodology/approach
Design/methodology/approach Data are drawn from an 18-month netnographic study, including participant and non-participant observation.

Findings
Findings reveal that members of the online brand community share a common goal but they are heterogeneous in many respects. In this research, five different types of brand community members are identified: learner, pragmatist, activist, opinion leader and evangelist. These findings emphasize the heterogeneity of the brand community or the differences of members and subgroups they form in the community.

Practical implications
This paper offers some insights for brand managers. There are different sub-tribes in online brand communities and these sub-tribes develop their own meanings of the brand. This means that online brand communities do not form one single homogenous target group and can be segmented into subgroups. Findings also offer a deeper understanding of negative characteristics of online brand community members. The role “activist” found in this study may be crucial for marketers, as activists can represent the negative side of online brand communities.

Originality/value
The literature on brand communities has focused predominantly on the homogeneity of these communities. This paper extends the literature by demonstrating the heterogeneity in an online brand community. The paper contributes to the brand community literature by substantiating that online brand community members can be segmented into subgroups based on their roles within the community. In addition, the paper extends the existing literature on brand communities that has overlooked the destructive consumer roles.
Taking a bite out of Apple: Jailbreaking and the confluence of brand loyalty, consumer resistance and the co-creation of value
Authors: Lee Michael SW , Soon Ian 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the phenomena of Apple iPhone jailbreaking, a novel scenario where a company actively oppresses and discourages the co-creation of value and customisation of its products by loyal consumers.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper conducted a qualitative content and thematic analysis of online jailbreaker discourse to understand the motivations and reasons driving consumers to resist a brand to which they remain extremely loyal.

Findings
Three themes explain jailbreaker motivations: enhanced experience, individual right of self-expression and anti-hegemony. Further two themes explain the differing motivations driving hacktivists to create the “exploits” that are subsequently used by jailbreakers (liberating the masses; status and notoriety). Finally, an integrative conceptual model is provided to showcase how disparate theories of consumer behaviour are synthesised during this novel phenomena.

Originality/value
In contrast to previous work, the consumer activists featured in this paper are devoted to the brand and product they are resisting. Rather than switching to an alternative brand, these jailbreakers and hacktivists remain loyal to the product in a genuine effort to help the brand. Even more interesting is the brand actively oppressing these loyal consumers’ attempts to modify and, in some cases, improve their products. Overall, this paper highlights the contradictory relationship between Apple and some of its consumers and demonstrates how brand loyalty, dissatisfaction, resistance/activism and co-creation can co-exist within the same consumer–brand relationship.
How to offer mobile targeting promotion under asymmetry
Authors: Wan Qin , Zhu Jing , Li Huijing , Wang Lili 
Published: June 2017

PurposeBased on consumers’ geographic real-time locations, firms can utilize mobile targeting promotion (MTP) to target consumers through some applications embedded in mobile device. This paper aims to focus on two competing firms about how to make MTP strategies under asymmetric mobile accessibilities, i.e. the proportions of consumers who can be targeted by firms through apps are different.Design/methodology/approachThis paper develops a game model for two competing firms. Aiming to maximizing profit, firms should consider how to utilize MTP strategies to trade off the benefit (expand market share) and the cost (intensive price competition).FindingsThe optimal MTP strategies and equilibrium prices have been presented under different scenarios. This paper verifies that asymmetry can make the firm with high mobile accessibility obtain extra profits. Furthermore, when unit targeting cost is relatively low, profit of the firm with low mobile accessibility increases first and decreases later with respect to its mobile accessibility.Practical implicationsCompeting firms’ optimal MTP strategies and equilibrium prices are determined not only by unit targeting cost but also by consumers’ mobile accessibilities to firms. Firms have strong incentive to enlarge the mobile accessibility to procure more profit in monopoly context, but, under competing context, a higher mobile accessibility may not mean better for firm.Originality/valueThis is one of the few papers which study mobile targeting based on game theory considering unit targeting cost and asymmetric mobile accessibility simultaneously.
Does mixed ownership improve the financial quality of Chinese listed companies?
Authors: Zhou Tingting , LI Juan 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore financial quality problems, based on the dynamics of the ownership structure, in the privatization process to clarify the internal relation among the ownership’s attribution of the commercial mixed ownership company, the company’s performance and its financial relationships. This paper also examines the mixed ownership enterprise’s potential problems during the development process.

Design/methodology/approach
Adopting the single case study method, the authors selected the mixed ownership public company Hubei Sanxia New Building Materials Co., Ltd. (stock code: 600293) to explore, from a privatization perspective, the impact of mixed ownership on financial quality.

Findings
The study found that Sanxia experienced tight cash flow and heavy debt burdens due to the privatization and that its controlling shareholders used non-operating income to support Sanxia, thus characterizing the dual role of “the grabbing hand” and “the helping hand.” Sanxia’s privatization process highlighted the volatility of performance, the exception of monetary funds and the existence of accounting fraud rather than the prosperous development of the capital combination.

Originality/value
These findings provided case support that privatization negatively affects the financial quality of the company. Previous studies have indicated that there should be greater focus more on the issue that state-owned shares rebound during the process of privatization and that, with respect to commercial mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises, such reform must avoid the passive transfer of corporate control, ensure the fairness of the related transactions, prevent the loss of state-owned assets and preclude the controlling shareholders from seizing interests of listed companies.
Low carbon supply chain with energy consumption constraints: case studies from China’s textile industry and simple analytical model
Authors: Shen Bin , Ding Xuemei , Chen Lizhu , Chan Hau Ling 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the low carbon supply chain practices in China’s textile industry. To curb greenhouse gas emissions, the Chinese government has launched restrict regulatory system and imposed the energy consumption constraint in the textile industry to guarantee the achievability of low carbon economy. The authors aim to examine how the energy consumption constraint affects the optimal decisions of the supply chain members and address the supply chain coordination issue.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct two case studies from Chinese textile companies and examine the impact of energy consumption constraints on their production and operations management. Based on the real industrial practices, the authors then develop a simple analytical model for a low carbon supply chain in which it consists of one single retailer and one single manufacturer, and the manufacturer determines the choice of clean technology for energy efficiency improvement and emission reduction.FindingsFrom the case studies, the authors find that the textile companies develop clean technologies to reduce carbon emission in production process under the energy consumption enforcement. In this analytical model, the authors derive the optimal decisions of the supply chain members and reveal that supply chain coordination can be achieved if the manufacturer properly sets the reservation wholesale price (WS) despite the production capacity can fulfill partial market demand under a WS (or cost sharing) contract. The authors also find that the cost-sharing contract may induce the manufacturer to increase the investment of clean technology and reduce the optimal WS.Originality/valueThis paper discusses low carbon supply chain practices in China’s textile industry and contributes toward green supply chain development. Managerial implications are identified, which are beneficial to the entire textile industry in the developing countries.
Contract and incentive mechanism in low-carbon R&D cooperation
Authors: Liu Kening , Song Huaming 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThis paper focuses on how the producer inspires his cooperative research partner to reduce carbon emission, by developing a menu of incentive contracts both in research and development (R&D) stage and recycling stage.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed mechanism combines the researcher with the producer in a two-staged closed-loop system. Based on the concept that the producer takes the environmental responsibility, this paper designs a dynamically updating contract for the producer to encourage low-carbon efforts. Meanwhile, the producer offers a menu of contracts against the asymmetric information, that is, the R&D partner owns private information on his low-carbon R&D capability. According to incentive mechanism, the researcher decides whether to tell the truth and how much effort she would exert in R&D and recycling stages.FindingsDiscriminating between different types of researchers hurts the producer’s profit. But the updated screening contract can inspire researchers to tell the truth and is beneficial in reducing carbon emissions in the two stages. The results give the optimal solutions of the incentive mechanism. The low-type researcher only obtains reservation profit, whereas the high-type is given more to induce the information.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a strategy of updating the contract factors for avoiding adverse selection and moral hazard. Considering the environmental responsibility of waste products, the producer would like to encourage low-carbon designs among the R&D partners in a closed-loop supply chain.
Is “transgenerational response” a hidden cause of failed corporate turnarounds and chronic underperformance?
Authors: Oliver John 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
CEO turnover and chronic corporate underperformance are examined through the lens of Transgenerational Response.

Design/methodology/approach
The criteria for investigating Transgenerational Response in corporations consisted of identifying a Critical Corporate Incident, the number of corporate generations and the resultant corporate financial performance.

Findings
The evidence presented in the case studies illustrates how a Critical Corporate Incident has produced the consequential effect of chronic financial performance in the years following the incident.

Research limitations/implications
These case studies have not presented the “actual” adaptive responses, inherited attitudes and behaviours that have subsequently embedded themselves in a new corporate culture, post the Critical Corporate Incident, to the detriment of the long-term health and performance of each firm.

Practical implications
Examining CEO turnover and chronic corporate underperformance through the lens of Transgenerational Response means that business leaders can identify how a historic event has affected the performance of their firm in subsequent generations. With this knowledge in hand, they will be able to examine the inherited attitudes and behaviours, organizational policies, strategy and adaptive cultural routines that have combined to consolidate the firms chronic under performance.

Originality/value
This is a highly original, evidence based, idea that has the potential to reshape our current understanding of CEO turnover and underperforming firms. It will help business leaders identify how a historic event has affected the performance of a firm in subsequent generations.
Thomas Stewart: what leaders need to know about the new design revolution in services
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
With the growing importance of services in the overall economy, it is surprising that the notion of service firms investing in systematic and dedicated innovation activities has taken so long to materialize. This is now set to change as service firms undertake the kind of research, design and development disciplines which for more than a century have been mainstays of modern manufacturing.

Design/methodology/approach
S&L interviews the well-known former editor of Harvard Business Review Thomas A. Stewart and his co-author, former BloombergBusinessweek.com editor Patricia O’Connell, in their latest book, Woo, Wow and Win: Service Design, Strategy and the Art of Customer Delight (Harper Business, 2016). They believe we are on the cusp of a “design revolution” in services.

Findings
The central thesis of their book is that services “should be designed with as much care as products are” and they include service “delivery” in that premise.

Practical implications
Service design principles offer powerful new ways to address the three basic strategy questions: What do we sell? To whom? And how do we win?

Originality/value
Service design helps you understand how to configure a set of activities, behaviors and touchpoints–a journey–that allows you to serve that customer well.
Carnivore carcasses are avoided by carnivores
Authors: Moleón Marcos , Martínez‐Carrasco Carlos , Muellerklein Oliver C. , Getz Wayne M. , Muñoz‐Lozano Carlos , Sánchez‐Zapata José A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Ecologists have traditionally focused on herbivore carcasses as study models in scavenging research. However, some observations of scavengers avoiding feeding on carnivore carrion suggest that different types of carrion may lead to differential pressures. Untested assumptions about carrion produced at different trophic levels could therefore lead ecologists to overlook important evolutionary processes and their ecological consequences.

Our general goal was to investigate the use of mammalian carnivore carrion by vertebrate scavengers. In particular, we aimed to test the hypothesis that carnivore carcasses are avoided by other carnivores, especially at the intraspecific level, most likely to reduce exposure to parasitism.

We take a three‐pronged approach to study this principle by: (i) providing data from field experiments, (ii) carrying out evolutionary simulations of carnivore scavenging strategies under risks of parasitic infection, and (iii) conducting a literature‐review to test two predictions regarding parasite life‐history strategies.

First, our field experiments showed that the mean number of species observed feeding at carcasses and the percentage of consumed carrion biomass were substantially higher at herbivore carcasses than at carnivore carcasses. This occurred even though the number of scavenger species visiting carcasses and the time needed by scavengers to detect carcasses were similar between both types of carcasses. In addition, we did not observe cannibalism. Second, our evolutionary simulations demonstrated that a risk of parasite transmission leads to the evolution of scavengers with generally low cannibalistic tendencies, and that the emergence of cannibalism‐avoidance behaviour depends strongly on assumptions about parasite‐based mortality rates. Third, our literature review indicated that parasite species potentially able to follow a carnivore–carnivore indirect cycle, as well as those transmitted via meat consumption, are rare in our study system.

Our findings support the existence of a novel coevolutionary relation between carnivores and their parasites, and suggest that carnivore and herbivore carcasses play very different roles in food webs and ecosystems.
Integrating invasive species policies across ornamental horticulture supply chains to prevent plant invasions
Authors: Hulme Philip E. , Brundu Giuseppe , Carboni Marta , Dehnen‐Schmutz Katharina , Dullinger Stefan , Early Regan , Essl Franz , González‐Moreno Pablo , Groom Quentin J. , Kueffer Christoph , Kühn Ingolf , Maurel Noëlie , Novoa Ana , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Seebens Hanno , Tanner Rob , Touza Julia M. , van Kleunen Mark , Verbrugge Laura N.H. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Ornamental horticulture is the primary pathway for invasive alien plant introductions. We critically appraise published evidence on the effectiveness of four policy instruments that tackle invasions along the horticulture supply chain: pre‐border import restrictions, post‐border bans, industry codes of conduct and consumer education.

Effective pre‐border interventions rely on rigorous risk assessment and high industry compliance. Post‐border sales bans become progressively less effective when alien species become widespread in a region.

A lack of independent performance evaluation and of public disclosure, limits the uptake and effectiveness of voluntary codes of conduct and discourages shifts in consumer preference away from invasive alien species.

Policy implications. Closing the plant invasion pathway associated with ornamental horticulture requires government‐industry agreements to fund effective pre‐ and post‐border weed risk assessments that can be subsequently supported by widely adopted, as well as verifiable, industry codes of conduct. This will ensure producers and consumers make informed choices in the face of better targeted public education addressing plant invasions.
Generalized spatial mark–resight models with an application to grizzly bears
Authors: Whittington Jesse , Hebblewhite Mark , Chandler Richard B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe high cost associated with capture–recapture studies presents a major challenge when monitoring and managing wildlife populations. Recently developed spatial mark–resight (SMR) models were proposed as a cost‐effective alternative because they only require a single marking event. However, existingSMRmodels ignore the marking process and make the tenuous assumption that marked and unmarked populations have the same encounter probabilities. This assumption will be violated in most situations because the marking process results in different spatial distributions of marked and unmarked animals.We developed a generalizedSMRmodel that includes sub‐models for the marking and resighting processes, thereby relaxing the assumption that marked and unmarked populations have the same spatial distributions and encounter probabilities.Our simulation study demonstrated that conventionalSMRmodels produce biased density estimates with low credible interval coverage (CIC) when marked and unmarked animals had differing spatial distributions. In contrast, generalizedSMRmodels produced unbiased density estimates with correct CIC in all scenarios.We applied ourSMRmodel to grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) data where the marking process occurred along a transportation route through Banff and Yoho National Parks, Canada. Twenty‐two grizzly bears were trapped, fitted with radiocollars and then detected along with unmarked bears on 214 remote cameras. Closed population density estimates (posterior median ± 1SD) averaged from 2012 to 2014 were much lower for conventionalSMRmodels (7.4 ± 1.0 bears per 1,000 km2) than for generalizedSMRmodels (12.4 ± 1.5). When compared to previousDNA‐based estimates, conventionalSMRestimates erroneously suggested a 51% decline in density. Conversely, generalizedSMRestimates were similar to previous estimates, indicating that the grizzly bear population was relatively stable.Synthesis and applications. Mark–resight studies often cost less than capture–recapture studies, but require that marked and unmarked animals have equal encounter rates. Generalized spatial mark–resight models relax this assumption by including sub‐models for both the marking and resighting processes. They produce unbiased density estimates even when marked and unmarked animals have differing spatial distributions and encounter rates. They thus provide a cost‐effective and widely applicable approach for estimating the density of wildlife populations.
Herbivores safeguard plant diversity by reducing variability in dominance
Authors: Mortensen Brent , Danielson Brent , Harpole W. Stanley , Alberti Juan , Arnillas Carlos Alberto , Biederman Lori , Borer Elizabeth T. , Cadotte Marc W. , Dwyer John M. , Hagenah Nicole , Hautier Yann , Peri Pablo Luis , Seabloom Eric W. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Reductions in community evenness can lead to local extinctions as dominant species exclude subordinate species; however, herbivores can prevent competitive exclusion by consuming otherwise dominant plant species, thus increasing evenness. While these predictions logically result from chronic, gradual reductions in evenness, rapid, temporary pulses of dominance may also reduce species richness. Short pulses of dominance can occur as biotic or abiotic conditions temporarily favour one or a few species, manifested as increased temporal variability (the inverse of temporal stability) in community evenness. Here, we tested whether consumers help maintain plant diversity by reducing the temporal variability in community evenness.

We tested our hypothesis by reducing herbivore abundance in a detailed study of a developing, tallgrass prairie restoration. To assess the broader implications of the importance of herbivory on community evenness as well as potential mechanisms, we paired this study with a global herbivore reduction experiment.

We found that herbivores maintained plant richness in a tallgrass prairie restoration by limiting temporary pulses in dominance by a single species. Dominance by an annual species in a single year was negatively associated with species richness, suggesting that short pulses of dominance may be sufficient to exclude subordinate species.

The generality of this site‐level relationship was supported by the global experiment in which inter‐annual variability in evenness declined in the presence of vertebrate herbivores over timeframes ranging in length from 2 to 5 years, preventing declines in species richness. Furthermore, inter‐annual variability of community evenness was also negatively associated with pre‐treatment species richness.

Synthesis. A loss or reduction of herbivores can destabilize plant communities by allowing brief periods of dominance by one or a few species, potentially triggering a feedback cycle of dominance and extinction. Such cycles may not occur immediately following the loss of herbivores, being delayed until conditions allow temporary periods of dominance by a subset of plant species.