bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Centrally Prepared Cytotoxic Drugs: What Is the Purpose of Their Quality Control?
Authors: Lagarce Frederic 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo assess the quality of centrally prepared cytotoxics a global approach is being implemented by pharmacists. A risk analysis is performed, and then many in-process controls are proposed. The aseptic process and the material are also fully validated. Moreover the skills of pharmacy technicians are being checked and monitored over time. This short opinion paper discusses the place of in-process quality control within the quality system applied to cytotoxic preparations. It also discusses the pros and cons of analytical control of the final product versus continuous control of each preparation step by eye witness or an electronic device such as a camcorder. Finally the relevancy of controls is discussed in function of different cases and of the human and material resources available in the pharmaceutical technology cytotoxic unit.
Spatial monitoring of the liquid phase with multiparameter sensors in industrial-scale fermenters
Authors: Enseleit Ute , Bockisch Anika , Sachse Sandra , Kielhorn Erich , Neubauer Peter , Junne Stefan , Bertau Martin , Vonau Winfried 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This work describes the development and application of different lance-based monitoring systems coupled to an integrated
multiparameter sensor probe for the spatial investigation of the liquid phase in biotechnological processes. Miniaturized
electrochemical sensors are integrated into a housing, which is fixed at the head of a lance, both made of stainless
steel. It can be moved inside a reactor in horizontal direction by the lance itself and in vertical direction by
a flexible rope, which is connected to the sensor probe. Inserting the sensor unit directly into the liquid phase of
a fermenter, e.g. in laminar processes like biogas and beer production, coupled with multiposition measurements allows
to obtain space and time resolved data. The monitored parameters are the pH value, the redox potential, the temperature,
and the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide. Wireless data transfer is realized by means of radio technology with
the virtual control center RAMOC (Radio Aided Monitoring) of the company innotas GmbH. Results of the real-time
determination in the liquid phase in an industrial, continuously operated biogas plant during several weeks are presented
as a case study.
M. le Président, la prochaine fois, évitez le scooter – Zur Parodierung von Skandalen in der Werbekommunikation im Web 2.0
Authors: Issel-Dombert Sandra 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In 2014, the yellow press magazine Closer revealed an alleged secret love affair between the French President François Hollande and a French actress. Accordingly large was the media interest in the revelation called „Gayetgate“ respectively „l’affaire Hollande Gayet“. Based on a multimodal corpus of advertisement linked with this scandal and published on Twitter and facebook, this paper aims to describe form and function of parodying a scandal via humorous advertising. A number of examples are discussed and it’s argued that storytelling plays a key role to create a parody.
High-temperature phase transitions and domain structures of KLiSO4: studied by polarisation-optics, X-ray topography and liquid–crystal surface decoration
Authors: Scherf Christian , Ivanov Nicolay R. , Chung Su Jin , Hahn Theo , Klapper Helmut 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The transitions between the room temperature phase III (space group P63) and the two high-temperature phases II (Pcmn) and I (P63/mmc) of KLiSO4 and the domain structures generated by them were investigated by high-temperature polarisation optics (birefringence) and room-temperature X-ray topography, optical activity and nematic–liquid–crystal (NLC) surface decoration. The transition from the polar hexagonal phase III into the centrosymmetric orthorhombic phase II at 708 K leads, due to the loss of the trigonal axis and the radial temperature gradient of the optical heating chamber used, to a roughly hexagonal arrangement of three sets of thin orthorhombic {110} lamelleae with angles of 60° (120°) between them. The associated twin law “reflection m{110}orth” corresponds to the frequent growth twin m{101̅0}hex of phase III. The domains are easily ferroelastically switched. Upon further heating above 949 K into phase I (P63/mmc) all domains vanish. Upon cooling back into phase II the three domain states related by 60°(120°) reflections m{110}orth re-appear, however (due to the higher thermal agitation at 949 K) with a completely different domain structure consisting of many small, irregularly arranged {110}orth domains. Particular attention is paid to the domain structure of the hexagonal room temperature phase III generated during the re-transition from the orthorhombic phase II. Curiously, from the expected three twin laws inversion 1̅, rotation 2⊥[001]hex and reflection m{101̅0}hex only the latter, which corresponds to the frequent growth twinning, has been found. Finally a short treatise of the structural relations of the KLiSO4 high-temperature polymorphs is given.
Childhood Adiposity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adulthood
Authors: Yan Yinkun , Hou Dongqing , Zhao Xiaoyuan , Liu Junting , Cheng Hong , Wang Youfa , Mi Jie 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the association of childhood adiposity and change in adiposity status from childhood to adulthood with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and abnormal liver enzyme levels in adulthood.

METHODS:
Data were obtained from a population-based cohort of children aged 6 to 18 years started in 1987. From 2010 to 2014, 1350 subjects (aged 28–45 years) from the original cohort were followed. Childhood overweight and obesity were defined using BMI and subscapular skinfold thickness, respectively. In adulthood, ultrasound-based NAFLD, abnormal liver enzymes, and related risk factors were assessed.

Results
Overweight or obese children were more likely to have adult NAFLD (males: odds ratio [OR] = 2.49 for BMI and 2.78 for subscapular skinfold thickness; females: OR = 3.34 and 3.61; all Ps &lt; .001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation (males: OR = 1.64 and 1.66; females: OR = 2.12 and 3.01; all Ps &lt; .05) than children with normal weight for both sexes. Compared with subjects who had normal weight in childhood and were nonobese in adulthood, subjects who were obese in adulthood, irrespective of their childhood adiposity status, were more likely to have NAFLD and ALT elevation in adulthood for both sexes. However, subjects who were overweight or obese in childhood but became nonobese in adulthood had similar likelihood of having NAFLD and ALT elevation in adulthood for both sexes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Overweight or obese children are more likely to have NAFLD and ALT elevation in adulthood. However, the risk associated with increased weight during childhood can be mitigated by becoming nonobese in adulthood.
El lugar de corea del norte en la política exterior de la federación de Rusia una mirada a la última década
Authors: Carreño Lara Eduardo 
Published: March 2017

La relación entre la Federación de Rusia y la República Popular Democrática de Corea (Corea del Norte) ha fluctuado entre una cercana asociación estratégica y momentos de un virtual congelamiento de las relaciones. En este escenario, la administración de Vladimir Putin percibió en las recientes crisis nucleares norcoreanas una oportunidad para colocar nuevamente a su país en las «ligas mayores», pero esta vez apostando por un nuevo estilo de diplomacia que marcará a su sucesor Dmitri Medvedev.
La reconfiguración brasilera y el Imperio Británico, 1822-1914. ¿Dependencia o estrategia?
Authors: Granados Erazo Óscar 
Published: March 2017

La inestabilidad europea de principios del siglo XIX, permitió la configuración de las nuevas naciones latinoamericanas; pero en ese proceso se involucró considerablemente el Imperio Británico, el cual gozaba de una fortaleza política y económica global. Brasil, en ese avance hacia la modernidad y en esa intensión por consolidar su identidad nacional, permite una vinculación estrecha de los británicos en sus procesos políticos y en la financiación de recursos de capital, que lograron la estructuración de un Brasil de dimensiones continentales. La cercanía británico-brasilera podría mencionarse como una relación de dependencia brasilera o estrategia británica, pero lo que realmente se estructura es una evolución de la diplomacia económica
200 años de independencia de latinoamérica y su evolución geopolítica. Una visión desde Sudamérica
Authors: Cadena Montenegro José Luis 
Published: March 2017

Como actor político mundial, América se inicia en los procesosde independencia dados por sus países integrantes hace ya doscientosaños. Afirmación respaldada en el desplazamiento de la ideología europea y sus procesos históricos emparentados con el criollismo y el cambio que ésto pudo haber provocado en sus inicios para la economía sustentada en las colonias. En América Latina, el siglo XX, analizado desde la geopolítica, fue revolucionario en cuanto a la dureza con la que estallaron los límites geográficos de la política desde México hasta Chile. Esa centuria presenció también el surgimiento y desarrollo de factores de poder que no son nacionales: narcotraficantes, mercado negro de armas, organizaciones terroristas, entidades financieras leoninas y transnacionales des-plegadas en extensas regiones, que tienen objetivos propios y que pueden aso-ciarse a los gobiernos nacionales o incluirlos en sus proyectos geopolíticos. La geopolítica contemporánea se caracteriza por una compleja coexistencia de espacios absolutamente controlados y de territorios planificados, al lado de nuevas tierras incógnitas que funcionan con una lógica interna propia, al margen del sistema que los ha engendrado.
Política de seguridad y crecimiento económico: una aproximación empírica
Authors: Páez Pérez Pedro Nel , Isaza Quebrada Jorge , Zamora Amanda 
Published: March 2017

En este estudio se utiliza la metodología de Granger para medir los efectos de relación y precedencia entre el gasto en defensa y la seguridad. Dado que no se dispone de una serie continua de datos que recojan los rubros específicos de la Política de Seguridad Democrática (PSD), se optó por utilizar como variable de interés la carga fiscal asociada a las entidades que en la clasificación del presupuesto general de la nación (PGN) aparecen como unidades ejecutoras del gasto, cuya destinación primordial son las actividades de defensa y seguridad. Se concluye que no hay suficiente soporte empírico para conceptuar sobre una relación de precedencia o causalidad en el sentido de Granger de la actividad pública en defensa y seguridad hacia las condiciones favorables de desempeño económico. Tampoco se halla soporte para el argumento opuesto de una causación de las variables del entorno económico hacia el gasto en defensa y seguridad. Analizando la significancia estadística de la relación entre las variables con modelos de regresión convencional se encontró que el nivel de confianza de las estimaciones de los parámetros de sensibilidad crece a medida que se amplían los rezagos, pero dado el número reducido de observaciones no se consideró adecuado hacer especificaciones que redujeran considerablemente los grados de libertad y en consecuencia la generalidad de resultados. En este caso se obtiene mayor robustez en el modelo aplicado sobre la inversión como variable dependiente que sobre el crecimiento, lo que es consistente con el argumento de que las condiciones de defensa y seguridad impactan primero a las decisiones de inversión y luego surten un efecto sobre el crecimiento económico, que es más difuso en la estimación estadística en razón a que sobre él converge el efecto de otras variables y porque en esencia es un fenómeno de largo plazo. También se hizo un intento de modelar el conflicto colombiano desde la perspectiva de la teoría de juegos simultáneos no cooperativos con información incompleta.
La narcotización de las relaciones Colombia-Estados Unidos
Authors: Guanumen Pacheco Merly 
Published: March 2017

"Si no podemos destruir la amenaza de las drogas en América, entonces seguramente el tiempo nos destruirá. Yo no estoy preparado para aceptar esta alternativa". Richard Nixon, 1968"La coca, que solía masticar una minoría indígena en nuestras montañas aisladas, se convirtió en un artículo de lujo gracias a la política del gobierno norteamericano. Poco tuvimos que ver con ella, ni en sus orígenes, ni en sus resultados. Pero ahora somos 'The Colombian Connection'". Alberto Lleras Camargo, 1979En este artículo se presentan los acontecimientos que incorporaron de manera prioritaria la guerra contra las drogas en la agenda de las relaciones Colombia-Estados Unidos, a partir de la coincidencia en las posturas oficiales respecto al uso de sustancias psicoactivas. Se analiza la manera en que las drogas devienen un tema central en la política de Estados Unidos y a nivel mundial, luego de los cambios de la década del sesenta y la guerra de Vietnam y cómo el tráfico ilegal se afianzó en Colombia, implementándose desde temprano, como respuesta, una estrategia gubernamental represiva. La coincidencia de argumentos ideológicos y la dimensión del problema impidieron que Colombia elaborara una postura propia, asumiendo las políticas de interdicción de los Estados Unidos.
Роль безпілотних літальних апаратів під час виконання сільськогосподарських робіт
Authors: Yun Genadiy , Mazur Maxim , Pederii Yuri 
Published: March 2017

Мета: До 2050 року населення Землі перевищить 9 мільярдів чоловік. За деякими прогнозами, щоб прогодувати населення планети, аграрному сектору доведеться збільшити виробництво на 70%. При цьому кількість ресурсів, придатних для використання в сільському господарстві - земля, вода, енергія, - буде скорочуватися. Тут аграрним виробникам доводиться сподіватися, перш за все, на допомогу нових технологій, що дозволяють не тільки збільшувати обсяги виробництва в умовах обмеженості ресурсів, а й підвищувати його ефективність. Підвищення врожайності культур в рослинництві - стратегічне завдання для України. Результати: Об’єктом дослідження виступає порівняльний аналіз ринку виробництва і експорту пшениці в провідних країнах світу, а також розглядаються перспективні напрямки підвищення врожайності зернових в сільському господарстві за допомогою безпілотних авіаційних комплексів. Обговорення: Практика показує, що сільгоспавіація перевищує по ефективності обробки наземну техніку в кілька разів. Вона дає можливість в короткі терміни проводити посів культур, їх обробку пестицидами, отрутохімікатами, вносити добрива, вести моніторинг. Використання сучасних безпілотних літальних апаратів розширить переваги малої авіації.
Evaluation of health surveillance activities of hajj 2013 in the hajj embarkation Palangkaraya
Authors: Hoesea Elvan Virgo 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTMeningococcal meningitis and MERS-CoV is a disease that can be transmitted to a wary pilgrim considering the high incidence of both diseases in the Middle East region. This study was conducted to evaluate the surveillance activities conducted at embarkation Palangkaraya pilgrimage between 2013 and assess the surveillance activities based on the attributes of surveillance and barriers that occur in the implementation of activities. Experiment was conducted with descriptive design using quantitative approach. Questionnaires were completed at 6 implementing surveillance activities. Interviews were conducted to obtain information about the variables under study includes data collection, processing, analysis and interpretation, dissemination of information and surveillance attributes such as simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, sensitivity, positive predictive value, representatif, timeliness, data quality and data stability. Implementation health surveillance in the hajj embarkation Palangkaraya in 2013 showed all stages of the surveillance activities have been conducted in accordance with the procedures as well as evaluating surveillance activities in accordance attribute shows all the attributes of surveillance can be assessed, unless the sensitivity and positive predictive value because no cases of meningococcal meningitis. Conclusion that the implementation of health surveillance activities Hajj has been running quite well based approach to surveillance and surveillance attributes. The report has been used by the agency activities related to the activities of hajj embarkation. Need to increase the quantity and quality of manpower resources and facilitiesKeywords: disease transmission, hajj health surveillance, assessment attributes
Relationship Mothers’ Knowledge, Family’s Income, Family Role and Basic Immunization Status
Authors: Isnayni Efi 
Published: March 2017

Immunization is the government's efforts to reduce children mortality, because immunization is an effective primary prevention to reduce infectious diseases. But the sufficient immunization number is still far to achieve the targets specified. There are many factors influence such as parents and families. The purpose of this study was to analyze the connection of the mothers’ knowledge with family roles (nuclear family and non-core family) alongside of basic immunization status. This research was an observational analytic study using cross sectional design. The sampling used cluster random sampling. Sampling in this research were 46 mothers of infants aged 9-12 month in community health center of Pucuk Lamongan. Analysis of the data used was the chi-square test with significance level α of 0.05. The results showed a connection between mothers’ knowledge (p = 0.027), the role of the nuclear family (p = 0.007), and the role of non-core family (p = 0.020) with basic immunization status. There is no connection between family’s income with basic immunization status. (p = 0.725). The conclusions of the results this study of the mother's knowledge, the role of the nuclear family and non-core family has an important part to increase basic immunization coverage . As to develop KIE complete for mothers about basic immunization which should be obtained for infant. Motivate parents and family to always apply completeness of basic immunization, and utilize the health care that has been provided to maintain the health of her infant. Keywords: basic immunization, role of family, nuclear-noncore
EMODIN DOWNREGULATES CELL PROLIFERATION MARKERS DURING DMBA INDUCED ORAL CARCINOGENESIS IN GOLDEN SYRIAN HAMSTERS
Authors: Manimaran Asokan , Buddhan Rajamanickam , Manoharan Shanmugam 
Published: March 2017

Background: Cell-cycle disruption is the major characteristic features of neoplastic transformation and the status of cell-cycle
regulators can thus be utilized to assess the prognostic significance in patients with cancer. The PCNA, cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6
and survivin expression in the buccal mucosa was utilized to evaluate the Emodin efficacy on abnormal cell proliferation during
7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced oral carcinogenesis in golden Syrian hamsters.
Materials and methods: Topical application of DMBA, three times a week for 14 weeks, on the hamsters' buccal pouches
developed well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.
Results: Cyclin D1 and PCNA over-expression and up-regulation of CDK4, CDK6 and survivin were noticed in the buccal
mucosa of hamsters treated with DMBA alone. Emodin administration (50mg/kg b.w) orally to hamsters treated with DMBA
down-regulated the expression of cell proliferation markers in the buccal mucosa.
Conclusions: The anti-cell proliferative role of Emodin is owing to its modulating efficacy on cell-cycle markers towards the
tumor suppression during DMBA induced oral carcinogenesis.
KIRKIA ACUMINATA OLIV.: A REVIEW OF ITS ETHNOBOTANY AND PHARMACOLOGY
Authors: Maroyi Alfred 
Published: March 2017

Background: Local communities in sub-Saharan Africa have a long history of medicinal plant usage. Like in other
parts of the developing world, rural and urban communities are still dependent on herbal medicines for primary health
care, and the use of herbal medicines is still an integral part of their daily life and socio-cultural life style. The objective
of this paper is to summarise information on the ethnobotany and pharmacology of Kirkia acuminata Oliv. throughout
its distributional range.
Materials and Methods: The information documented in this article is derived from books, theses, scientific journals
and reports obtained from library collections, Scopus, Pubmed, MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar and
Science Direct.
Results: Kirkia acuminata is the most known and widely distributed Kirkia species in the genus and is one of the most
popular and promising plant resources due to its several beneficial uses. Kirkia acuminata is used to treat abdominal
pains, backache, cholera, constipation, cough, diarrhea, dysentery, snake bites, toothache and wounds. Other
applications include its use as charcoal; hedge, ornamental or shade; stock feed, timber and source of water during
drought periods. Preliminary phytochemical assessment of roots and stem bark of K. acuminata showed presence of
lignans, neo-lignans, nor-carotinoids and other compounds. The extracts of K. acuminata exhibited antibacterial and
antimycobacterial activities. These phytochemical compounds may be responsible for the medicinal uses and biological
activities demonstrated by K. acuminata.
Conclusion: Detailed research is required aimed at exploring mode of action of bioactive compounds of Kirkia
acuminata that are responsible for the documented pharmacological effects. Kirkia acuminata is an important plant
species that has potential to contribute to the primary health care and livelihood improvement of local communities in
the geographical areas where it is indigenous and found in abundance.
MORIN MITIGATES OXIDATIVE STRESS, APOPTOSIS AND INFLAMMATION IN CEREBRAL ISCHEMIC RATS
Authors: Chen Yanrong , Li Yanke , Xu Huali , Li Gang , Ma Yunxia , Pang Yu Jun 
Published: March 2017

Background: Morin is a flavanoid which exhibits potent antioxidant activity in various oxidative stress related
diseases. The current study was attempted to scrutinize the preclinical bio-efficacy of morin on focal ischemia.
Methods: The animal model of focal cerebral ischemic injury was done by midbrain carotid artery occlusion (MCAO)
method, followed by Morin (30mg/kg) administration for seven days.
Results: The outcome of the study showed that treatment with morin displayed positive effects in reducing the focal
cerebral ischemia. This effect was evident with the improvements in neurological deficits, reduction in MDA content
and elevation of antioxidant levels (SOD, GSH and Gpx). Furthermore, protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 were
effectively down-regulated, whilst the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly elevated. On the other hand, the mRNA
expression of proinflammatory cytokines was significantly reduced in focal cerebral ischemic rats upon morin
intervention.
Conclusion: Thus, the beneficial effects of morin on cerebral ischemia assault may result from the reduction of
oxidative stress, inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation.