bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lehrer ohne Lehramtsstudium
Authors: Beuttler Holger 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn naturwissenschaftlichen Fächern fehlt es an Lehrern. Da der Berufseinstieg in die Industrie für Chemiker zurzeit nicht ganz einfach ist, erscheint der Wechsel ins Lehramt als Alternative. Allerdings unterscheiden sich Chancen und Einstellungsvoraussetzungen für Quereinsteiger von Bundesland zu Bundesland.
Von Hochkultur zum Niedergang: Briefe in der Chemie
Authors: Zott Regine 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAls „eine Unterred oder Wechselung zwischen Abwesenden, in der Schrift bestehend“1) wird der Brief im Jahr 1673 definiert. In der Chemie dienten Briefe seit dem 19. Jahrhundert dem Abstecken von Fachgebieten, der Organisation der ersten internationalen Fachtagung, der Kritik und der Unterstützung von Freunden und Kollegen.
Mehr als nicht unschuldig ‐ NO in der Bioanorganik
Authors: Aas Bianca M. , Beck Daniel , Daumann Lena J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLang als Luftverschmutzer und giftiges, unerwünschtes Gas abgestempelt, erfreuen sich seit seiner Entdeckung als physiologisch wichtiges Molekül Forscher an Stickstoffmonoxid. Die biologisch relevanten Wechselwirkungen mit Eisenzentren haben in der Koordinationschemie zu einer Renaissance für diesen nicht unschuldigen Liganden geführt.
Hochschuldidaktik: Elektrogeneriertes Leuchtsignal zeigt Spurenstoffe an
Authors: Habekost Achim 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDie elektrogenerierte Chemilumineszenz (ECL) ist nicht nur durch seine Leuchterscheinung für Lernende attraktiv. Das Phänomen ist auch für chemische Analytik nutzbar. Versuche mit der ECL von Trisbipyridylruthenium (II) aus dem Hochschulpraktikum.
Ist mein Lebensmittel noch frisch?
Authors: van Alst Lea 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIm Schnitt landen in Deutschland jährlich 6,7 Millionen Tonnen Lebensmittel im Müll. Ihr Makel ist das abgelaufene Mindesthaltbarkeitsdatum, bei dem Lebensmittel oft noch genießbar sind. Daher entwickeln Forscher Schnellanalysenmethoden, um ihren Zustand zu überprüfen.
Chemikalienregulierung ‐ Chip statt Maus
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBei der Einführung der EU‐Chemikalienverordnung Reach kamen schnell Warnungen auf, es könnten zusätzliche und umfangreichere Tierversuche nötig werden. Inzwischen gibt es Verfahren, ohne Tierversuche die Risiken von Chemikalien abzuschätzen.
Computing the nearest stable matrix pairs
Authors: Gillis Nicolas , Mehrmann Volker , Sharma Punit 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we study the nearest stable matrix pair problem: given a square matrix pair (E,A), minimize the Frobenius norm of (ΔE,ΔA) such that (E+ΔE,A+ΔA) is a stable matrix pair. We propose a reformulation of the problem with a simpler feasible set by introducing dissipative Hamiltonian matrix pairs: A matrix pair (E,A) is dissipative Hamiltonian if A=(J−R)Q with skew‐symmetric J, positive semidefinite R, and an invertible Q such that QTE is positive semidefinite. This reformulation has a convex feasible domain onto which it is easy to project. This allows us to employ a fast gradient method to obtain a nearby stable approximation of a given matrix pair.
Intermetallic Pd3Pb Nanoplates Enhance Oxygen Reduction Catalysis with Excellent Methanol Tolerance
Authors: Wang Kai , Qin Yingnan , Lv Fan , Li Mingqiang , Liu Qiao , Lin Fei , Feng Jianrui , Yang Chao , Gao Peng , Guo Shaojun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHerein, a new class of intermetallic Pd3Pb square nanoplates (SNP) and nanoplates assemblies is demonstrated with tunable crystalline orientation for boosting oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and stability with excellent methanol tolerance. The Pd3Pb intermetallic nanostructures show the crystalline‐orientation‐dependent electrocatalytic activity for ORR with (100)‐facet‐dominated Pd3Pb SNP being the most active. The Pd3Pb intermetallic SNP exhibits the highest ORR mass activity of 0.78 A mg−1 at 0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in alkaline electrolyte for the state‐of‐art reported Pd‐based nanocatalysts, 7.1 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. The unique structure of Pd3Pb intermetallic SNP makes it highly stable for ORR with almost no activity decrease and no composition and morphology changes after a 5000‐cycle durability test. The Pd3Pb intermetallic SNP also exhibits much higher methanol tolerance behavior than commercial Pt/C and Pd/C during ORR catalysis. Density functional theory calculations reveal that presence of Pb decreases adsorption strength of methanol on Pd3Pb intermetallic SNP. The calculated Emethanol follows the order of Pd3Pb (100) < Pd (111) < Pt (111) with (100)‐oriented Pd3Pb SNP having the lowest methanol adsorption energy, thus boosting methanol tolerance performance.
Recovering disk storage metrics from low‐level trace events
Authors: Daoud Houssem , Dagenais Michel R. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBlock devices such as magnetic disks are nonvolatile data storage devices that transfer data in fixed‐size chunks. They are the main nonvolatile memory that holds the file system, and they are also used in virtual memory mechanisms such swapping and page fault handling. Investigating storage performance issues requires a full insight into the operating system internals. Kernel tracing offers an efficient mechanism to gather information about the storage subsystem at runtime. Still, the tracing output is often huge and difficult to analyze manually.In this paper, we introduce a framework to compute meaningful storage performance metrics from low‐level trace events generated by LTTng. A stateful approach is used to model the state of the storage subsystem. Efficient data structures and algorithms are proposed to offer a reasonable response time, allowing the user to navigate throughout the trace and to retrieve metrics from any time range. The framework includes a visualization system that provides different graphical views that represent the collected information in a convenient way. These views are synchronized together, forming a comprehensive perspective that makes storage performance investigation a much more comfortable task. Different use cases are presented to show the usefulness of the framework in real‐world applications.
Nanoporous silica aerogel modified by triethylchlorosilane as a new sorbent for the needle‐trap extraction
Authors: Roostaie Ali , Bargozin Hasan , Mohammadiazar Sirwan , Ehteshami Shokooh 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this work, nanoporous silica aerogel modified by triethylchlorosilane is used as a new sorbent for headspace needle‐trap extraction of chlorobenzenes from aqueous samples. The needle trap extraction is derived from solid‐phase microextraction, and the sorbent is in the inside a needle. The thermal stability and functional groups of the sorbent were studied by thermal gravimetric/differential thermal analyses and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. The modified silica aerogel characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy shows a 3D network containing homogeneous pore structure with pore sizes of a few tens of nm and a nanoporous structure. The influential parameters on the extraction efficiency, including the extraction temperature, ionic strength and extraction time, were optimized. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit and quantification limit were obtained in the range of 0.3–1 and 1–3 ng/L, respectively. The relative standard deviation values for water spiked with the chlorobenzenes at 100 ng/L under optimum conditions were 3–9%. The dynamic linear range of method was investigated in the range of 3–3000 ng/L. Finally, the current method for the analysis of real water samples containing spiked chlorobenzenes was applied and the relative recovery values were found to be in the range of 96–101%.
Recent Advances in Ring‐Opening Functionalization of Cycloalkanols by C–C σ‐Bond Cleavage
Authors: Wu Xinxin , Zhu Chen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCycloalkanols prove to be privileged precursors for the synthesis of distally substituted alkyl ketones and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by virtue of cleavage of their cyclic C−C bonds. Direct functionalization of cyclobutanols to build up other chemical bonds (e. g., C−F, C−Cl, C−Br, C−N, C−S, C−Se, C−C, etc.) has been achieved by using the ring‐opening strategy. Mechanistically, the C−C cleavage of cyclobutanols can be involved in two pathways: (a) transition‐metal catalyzed β‐carbon elimination; (b) radical‐mediated ‘radical clock’‐type ring opening. The recent advances of our group for the ring‐opening functionalization of tertiary cycloalkanols are described in this account.
Neonatal Gastric Perforation: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Yang Tianyou , Huang Yongbo , Li Jiahao , Zhong Wei , Tan Tianbao , Yu Jiakang , Li Le , Pan Jing , Hu Chao , Yang Jiliang , Zou Yan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPurposeWe reported clinical findings of neonatal gastric perforation in a tertiary children’s hospital.Patients and methodsRetrospective chart reviews were conducted for neonatal gastric perforation between 1980 and 2016. Factors including sex, gestational age, birth weight, age, main symptoms and signs, white blood cell count (WBC), surgical intervention time (time between development of main symptom and surgical intervention), surgical findings, pathologic results, clinical outcomes, and causes of death were collected.ResultsSixty‐eight patients were identified. In total, 76.5% were male infants, the median age was 4 days, median birth weight was 2500 g, and 42.6% were premature. Abdominal distention and vomiting were the most common symptoms, and pneumoperitoneum was the most common radiographic finding. The median surgical intervention time was 51 h (range 8–312). In total, 73.5% of perforations occurred in the great curvature, 17.6% in the lesser curvature, and 8.9% unspecified. The median perforation size was 4 cm (range 0.2–16). Associated gastrointestinal anomalies were found in 20.6% of patients, and the most common anomaly was intestinal malrotation. Of the 51 patients with pathologic results, 11 showed the presence of musculature in the perforated gastric wall, while 40 showed the absence of musculature. Of the 66 patients with known clinical outcomes, 26 (39.4%) died, 23 of who died of infection. Among those aforementioned factors, WBC has a significant impact on survival. The mortality for four arbitrary divided year groups (1980–1989, 1990–1999, 2000–2009, and 2010–2016) was 100, 50, 31.6, and 16.7%, respectively.ConclusionsThe mortality of neonatal gastric perforation is constantly decreasing. Associated gastrointestinal anomalies and the presence of musculature are found in a minority of this condition.
Classic Primary Hyperparathyroidism Versus Normocalcemic and Normohormonal Variants: Do They Really Differ?
Authors: Kiriakopoulos Andreas , Petralias Athanasios , Linos Dimitrios 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundNormocalcemic (NCpHPT) and normohormonal (NHpHPT) variants have been recognized primary hyperparathyroidism entities that pose serious challenges. We sought to define the differences among them in a series of surgically treated patients.Patients and methodsBetween 2011 and 2015, 149 patients were enrolled into three groups: CpHPT (Ca > 10.2 mg/dL, PTH > 65 pg/mL), NCpHPT (normal Ca, PTH > 65 pg/mL) and NHpHPT (Ca > 10.2 mg/dL, normal PTH). Descriptive statistics and inter‐group differences were computed, whereas multiple logistic/linear regression tests were used for further analysis.ResultsOf these patients 125 were female and 24 male, mean age 56.3 years (range 8–83). A total of 115 (77.2%) patients presented with CpHPT, 23 (15.4%) with NCpHPT and 11 (7.4%) with NHpHPT. MGD was found in 25 (16.8%) patients and SGD in 124 (83.2%); multivariate analysis failed to reveal statistically significant association of MGD with any pHPT variant (CpHPT 16.5% vs NCpHPT 21.7% vs NHpHPT 9.1%, p = 0.726). Conversely, NCpHPT patients exhibited statistically significant smaller adenoma weight (p = 0.023). Moreover, U/S in these patients had smaller positive predictive value (p = 0.278), whereas concordance between U/S and MIBI was also lower (p = 0.669). The utility of MIBI and U/S differed significantly (p < 0.001); more frequent use of U/S was observed for all groups. However, their predictive values did not differ significantly (p = 0.832).ConclusionsNCpHPT is more similar than different to CpHPT. NCpHPT constitutes the most challenging entity: it is associated with smaller adenoma weight, whereas U/S exhibited lower positive predictive value and lower concordance rate with MIBI. A trend for higher MGD presence in this group of patients was observed, though without statistical significance.
Low-Intensity Shockwave Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing 2 Treatment Protocols and the Impact of Repeating Treatment
Authors: Kalyvianakis Dimitrios , Memmos Evangelos , Mykoniatis Ioannis , Kapoteli Paraskevi , Memmos Dimitrios , Hatzichristou Dimitrios 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
There is lack of evidence-based optimization of the protocol for low-intensity shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction. Furthermore, the safety and efficacy of repeating shockwave therapy have not been explored.

Aim
To compare the efficacy and safety of 6 and 12 treatment sessions within a 6-week treatment period and investigate the effect of repeat treatment after a 6-month period in a 2-phase study.

Methods
Patients with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction that responded to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors were randomized into 2 groups: low-intensity shockwave therapy sessions once (group A, n = 21) or twice (group B, n = 21) per week for 6 consecutive weeks (phase 1). Patients who completed 6-month follow-up were offered 6 additional sessions (phase 2); group A received 2 sessions per week and group B received 1 session per week. Patients were followed for 6 months.

Outcomes
International Index for Erectile Function erectile function domain (IIEF-EF) score, minimally clinical important differences (MCIDs), Sexual Encounter Profile question 3 (SEP3) score, and triplex ultrasonographic parameters.

Results
In phase 1, groups A and B showed improvement in IIEF-EF score, MCID, SEP3 score, and mean peak systolic velocity compared with baseline. MCIDs were achieved in 62% of group A and 71% of group B, and the percentage of yes responses to SEP3 was 47% in group A and 65% in group B (P = .02). Mean peak systolic velocity at baseline and at 3-month follow-up were 29.5 and 33.4 cm/s for group A and 29.6 and 35.4 cm/s for group B (P = .06). In phase 2, group A showed a greater increase in the percentage of yes responses to SEP3 (group A = +14.9; group B = +0.3). When the impact of the total number of sessions received was examined, MCIDs in IIEF-EF score from baseline were achieved in 62%, 74%, and 83% of patients after 6, 12, and 18 sessions, respectively. No treatment-related side effects were reported.

Clinical Implications
The total number of low-intensity shockwave therapy sessions affects the efficacy of erectile dysfunction treatment. Retreating patients after 6 months could further improve erectile function without side effects. 12 sessions can be delivered within 6 weeks without a 3-week break period.

Strengths and Limitations
This study lacked a sham-controlled arm. However, all patients were randomized to different groups, and baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Also, all patients were confirmed by triplex ultrasonography to have arterial insufficiency.

Conclusion
Patients can benefit more in sexual performance from 12 sessions twice per week compared with 6 sessions once a week. Shockwave therapy can be repeated up to a total of 18 sessions.
Proteomics pattern associated with gingival oral squamous cell carcinoma and epulis: A case analysis
Authors: Papa Francesco , Siciliano Rosa Anna , Inchingolo Francesco , Mazzeo Maria Fiorella , Scacco Salvatore , Lippolis Rosa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common epithelial malignant neoplasm affecting the oral cavity. OSCC can mimic oral lesions of inflammatory origin with benign features, often leading to delay in diagnosis and treatment. Early detection is important to greatly increase the chances of a successful treatment. The present study reports a proteomic analysis of a gingival oral squamous cell carcinoma (G‐OSCC) and an epulis.Materials and methods: Normal mucosae tissue, G‐OSCC tissue, and epulis tissue as a comparative sample of benign nature were collected and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Tissue‐extracted proteins were separated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and subjected to image analysis. Proteins that showed a significant difference in the expression level in the G‐OSCC tissue were identified by the nano‐ESI‐HPLC‐MS/MS experiment and database searchi.Results and conclusion: The proteomic analysis of G‐OSCC tissue enabled the identification of proteins that are potentially related to the disease; these proteins can be considered as signature molecules for diagnostic and prognostic tumor markers.
Design and content validation of a set of SMS to promote seeking of specialized mental health care within the Allillanchu Project
Authors: Toyama M. , Diez-Canseco F. , Busse P. , Del Mastro I. , Miranda J. J. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to design and develop a set of, short message service (SMS) to promote specialized mental health care seeking within the framework of the Allillanchu Project.MethodsThe design phase consisted of 39 interviews with potential recipients of the SMS, about use of cellphones, and perceptions and motivations towards seeking mental health care. After the data collection, the research team developed a set of seven SMS for validation. The content validation phase consisted of 24 interviews. The participants answered questions regarding their understanding of the SMS contents and rated its appeal.ResultsThe seven SMS subjected to content validation were tailored to the recipient using their name. The reminder message included the working hours of the psychology service at the patient's health center. The motivational messages addressed perceived barriers and benefits when seeking mental health services. The average appeal score of the seven SMS was 9.0 (SD±0.4) of 10 points. Participants did not make significant suggestions to change the wording of the messages.ConclusionsFive SMS were chosen to be used. This approach is likely to be applicable to other similar low-resource settings, and the methodology used can be adapted to develop SMS for other chronic conditions.
Exploring with Māori organizations comparative advantage in the context of climate change
Authors: Beall Elizabeth , Brocklesby John 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper reports on a project conducted with representatives of indigenous Māori organizations that are active in New Zealand land-based sectors. The primary aim of the research was to assist these organizations in thinking about their current and future positioning with regard to climate change. Using Peter Checkland’s Soft Systems Methodology as a broad framework for the research, the paper first seeks to capture some of the likely issues that enable and constrain strategic activity in the climate change arena. It then uses various soft systems modelling tools to research and structure a debate to consider the desirability and feasibility of particular interventions.
How does enterprise assistance support Māori entrepreneurs? An identity approach
Authors: Warren Lorraine , Mika Jason , Palmer Farah 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIndigenous entrepreneurs represent a growing segment of the business community in many countries, but face sometimes stark challenges in starting and running enterprises. The success of indigenous entrepreneurs matters because they draw upon their indigeneity as sources of inspiration and innovation, contribute to the collective wellbeing of indigenous peoples, and some represent world class exemplars of sustainable ways of doing business. While enterprise assistance for entrepreneurs is widely accepted as a worthwhile use of public funds few guidelines exist to help policy makers and providers understand the needs of indigenous entrepreneurs and how best to respond. In this paper, we use the theoretical lens of entrepreneurial identity to provide insight into this challenging context. Taking an identity perspective may enable us to tease out how identifying as a Māori entrepreneur can enable and also hinder change in this community context. In doing so we lay foundations for future empirical work.
The curvilinear relationship between team familiarity and team innovation: A secondary data analysis
Authors: Xie Xiao-Yun , Ji Hao , Luan Kun , Zhao Ying-Zhen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractParadoxical arguments and mixed empirical evidence coexist in the current literature concerning the relationship between team familiarity and team innovation. To resolve this contradiction, we apply habitual routines theory to propose that team familiarity and team innovation have an inverted U-shaped relationship. Using a data set of 68,933 R&D teams in the electrical engineering industry, our results support a nonlinear relationship between team familiarity and team innovation, and suggest that the best innovative performance is produced by moderately familiar teams. Furthermore, we find that external learning can moderate this curvilinear relationship. Theoretical contributions and future implications are discussed.
A newPliosaurusspecies (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia: new insights on the Tithonian morphological disparity of mandibular symphyseal morphology
Authors: O’Gorman José P. , Gasparini Zulma , Spalletti Luis A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMost species of the genusPliosaurusOwen, 1842 come from the Northern Hemisphere, however, a growing number of new specimens are now available from the Southern Hemisphere. Here, a new species ofPliosaurusis described, the second for the genus from the Southern Hemisphere, collected from the upper Tithonian (Jurassic) levels of the Vaca Muerta Formation, Neuquén Province, Patagonia.Pliosaurus almanzaensisnew species is characterized by two autapomophies: the angular participating in the mandibular symphysis and the occipital condyle without a notochordal pit or several, irregularly arranged grooves. Additionally,P.almanzaensisn. sp. can be differentiated from otherPliosaurusspecies by the following characters: trihedral teeth, nine or more symphyseal alveoli, 15–17 post-symphyseal alveoli, and the parasphenoid without a ventral keel.Pliosaurus almanzaensisn. sp. shows thatPliosaurusspecies with nine or more symphyseal alveoli persisted until the late Tithonian, contrary to previous assumptions that only species with six symphyseal alveoli were present.
The Evangelical Vote and Race in the 2016 Presidential Election
Authors: Wong Janelle 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper highlights differences in evangelical identity and its association with political attitudes across racial groups. It finds that White evangelicals hold more conservative views than Black, Latinx, and Asian American evangelicals, despite similar levels of religiosity. White evangelicals' more conservative political attitudes are driven by a sense of in-group embattlement, or the idea that their group faces as much or more discrimination as persecuted outgroups. This sense of in-group embattlement is distinct from the effects of economic resources, economic anxiety, partisanship, region (South) and generalized conservative outlook. The paper draws on survey data collected in the immediate aftermath of the 2016 election.