bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifting diets and the rise of male-biased inequality on the Central Plains of China during Eastern Zhou
Authors: Dong Yu , Morgan Chelsea , Chinenov Yurii , Zhou Ligang , Fan Wenquan , Ma Xiaolin , Pechenkina Kate 
Published: January 2017

SignificanceMale-biased inequality in Imperial China imposed strong limitations on the economic and intellectual contribution of women to the society and fostered male-biased resource distribution, because females were subordinated to the priorities of the patriarchal state. Analyzing human skeletal remains from early agricultural and later preimperial archaeological sites, we find no evidence of inequality between males and females in early farming communities. The observed differences between male and female skeletons from Eastern Zhou archaeological contexts allow us to infer a decline in female social status after the introduction of new crop plants and domesticated herbivores in preimperial China. The analysis reveals that male-biased inequality and subsistence change became intertwined with the rise of social complexity.
Pathogen-mediated manipulation of arthropod microbiota to promote infection
Authors: Abraham Nabil M. , Liu Lei , Jutras Brandon Lyon , Yadav Akhilesh K. , Narasimhan Sukanya , Gopalakrishnan Vissagan , Ansari Juliana M. , Jefferson Kimberly K. , Cava Felipe , Jacobs-Wagner Christine , Fikrig Erol 
Published: January 2017

Significance
The importance of arthropod microbiota in the capacity of pathogens (including malaria and flaviviruses, among others) to persist in vectors and cause infection is just beginning to be appreciated. The influence of pathogens, either directly or indirectly, to manipulate vector microbiota for their own benefit, has not been described. In this study, we demonstrate that a pathogen can use an arthropod molecule to alter vector microbiota and enhance infection. We believe that this work will help others consider that pathogens are not passive microbes when they enter the arthropod vector but actively influence vector gene expression that can manipulate the local environment (in this case the microbiota) and facilitate pathogen infection of the vector.
Development of chronic allergic responses by dampening Bcl6-mediated suppressor activity in memory T helper 2 cells
Authors: Ogasawara Takashi , Hatano Masahiko , Satake Hisae , Ikari Jun , Taniguchi Toshibumi , Tsuruoka Nobuhide , Watanabe-Takano Haruko , Fujimura Lisa , Sakamoto Akemi , Hirata Hirokuni , Sugiyama Kumiya , Fukushima Yasutsugu , Nakae Susumu , Matsumoto Kenji , Saito Hirohisa , Fukuda Takeshi , Kurasawa Kazuhiro , Tatsumi Koichiro , Tokuhisa Takeshi , Arima Masafumi 
Published: January 2017

SignificanceIt has been suggested that the transcriptional repressor Bcl6 suppresses T helper 2 (TH2) immune responses underlying allergic diseases. However, the molecular role of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) in TH2 cells is incompletely understood in pathophysiological settings. We found that Bcl6 suppressed cytokine production in memory TH2 cells through binding to intron 2 of theInterkeukin 4(Il4) locus using murine models. Furthermore, IL-33 controlled Bcl6 function at the chromatin level and consequently, augmented cytokine production in memory TH2 cells. Therefore, pro-TH2 cytokines, such as IL-33, play a role in chronic allergic diseases via the functional breakdown of Bcl6. This study identifies a relationship between TH2-promoting factors and Bcl6 in TH2 cells, which may lead to therapeutic strategies against chronic allergic diseases.
Biophysical properties of the clinical-stage antibody landscape
Authors: Jain Tushar , Sun Tingwan , Durand Stéphanie , Hall Amy , Houston Nga Rewa , Nett Juergen H. , Sharkey Beth , Bobrowicz Beata , Caffry Isabelle , Yu Yao , Cao Yuan , Lynaugh Heather , Brown Michael , Baruah Hemanta , Gray Laura T. , Krauland Eric M. , Xu Yingda , Vásquez Maximiliano , Wittrup K. Dane 
Published: January 2017

Significance
In addition to binding to a desired target molecule, all antibody drugs must also meet a set of criteria regarding the feasibility of their manufacture, stability in storage, and absence of off-target stickiness. This suite of characteristics is often termed “developability.” We present here a comprehensive analysis of these properties for essentially the full set of antibody drugs that have been tested in phase-2 or -3 clinical trials, or are approved by the FDA. Surprisingly, many of the drugs or candidates in this set exhibit properties that indicate significant developability risks; however, the number of such red warning flags decreases with advancement toward approval. This reference dataset should help prioritize future drug candidates for development.
Molecular imaging of biological systems with a clickable dye in the broad 800- to 1,700-nm near-infrared window
Authors: Zhu Shoujun , Yang Qinglai , Antaris Alexander L. , Yue Jingying , Ma Zhuoran , Wang Huasen , Huang Wei , Wan Hao , Wang Joy , Diao Shuo , Zhang Bo , Li Xiaoyang , Zhong Yeteng , Yu Kuai , Hong Guosong , Luo Jian , Liang Yongye , Dai Hongjie 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Fluorescence-based optical imaging is an important tool allowing researchers and clinicians to molecularly probe wide-ranging biological structures and processes. To break through the traditional molecular imaging window spanning from the visible to the near-infrared (NIR)-I (400–900 nm) region for imaging multiplicity, newly designed and ultrapurified fluorescent probe-antibody conjugates with fluorescence emissions in the NIR-II region (1,000–1,700 nm) have been developed. These NIR-II probes can reduce background autofluorescence for deep-tissue molecular imaging in a 3D imaging mode. These probes open up more and deeper nonoverlapping molecular imaging channels for complex biological systems.
Structure of eukaryotic CMG helicase at a replication fork and implications to replisome architecture and origin initiation
Authors: Georgescu Roxana , Yuan Zuanning , Bai Lin , de Luna Almeida Santos Ruda , Sun Jingchuan , Zhang Dan , Yurieva Olga , Li Huilin , O’Donnell Michael E. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
All cellular life forms use a ring-shaped hexameric helicase during DNA replication. CMG (Cdc45, Mcm2–7, GINS) is the eukaryotic replicative helicase. CMG contains the ring-shaped hexameric Mcm2–7 that harbors the helicase motors. CMG is known to bind many other proteins, including a leading and lagging polymerase and primase. Thus, the threading of DNA through the CMG helicase at a replication fork determines the orientation of the associated polymerases at the replication fork, an important structural feature with many consequences that may direct future experimentation. This report uses cryo-EM single-particle reconstruction to image CMG that motored to a block site at a forked junction, enabling direct visualization of DNA threading through CMG.
Training and development of Canadian wheelchair basketball players
Authors: Dehghansai N. , Lemez S. , Wattie N. , Baker J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractConsidering the growth in research, examining the development of mainstream sport athletes over the past two decades, studies examining development of athletes with disabilities have been surprisingly limited. While similarities in developmental trajectories between the two cohorts may exist regarding factors such as the value of practice, which tend to be universal regardless of context, disability‐related issues (e.g. whether the disability was congenital or acquired) may influence the course of development, affecting variables such as starting age, training and developmental milestones. Fifty‐two male and female athletes training with the Wheelchair Basketball Canada National Academy provided detailed training histories. Athletes illustrated similar developmental patterns (e.g. milestones, training adjustments) as they progressed through their sporting career. However, athletes with congenital disabilities started participation in wheelchair basketball and unorganised practice at significantly younger ages (t 49 = −4.35, p < .001, d = 1.32; t 49 = −3.49, p < .001, d = 1.03, respectively). While athletes with congenital disabilities continued to reach a majority of the sporting milestones at younger ages, athletes with acquired disabilities were able to reach late career milestones (e.g. national debuts) at similar ages. Athletes’ disability severity did not influence their progress through the developmental milestones and time devoted to training throughout their sporting career. Future work may consider examining developmental trajectories and training histories of athletes in various parasports to extend our understanding of their development and skill acquisition.
Impact of mass effect, tumor location, age, and surgery on the cognitive outcome of patients with high-grade gliomas: a longitudinal study
Authors: Dallabona Monica , Sarubbo Silvio , Merler Stefano , Corsini Francesco , Pulcrano Giuseppe , Rozzanigo Umberto , Barbareschi Mattia , Chioffi Franco 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background
High-grade gliomas are the most frequently occurring brain tumors and carry unfavorable prognosis. Literature is controversial regarding the effects of surgery on cognitive functions.

Methods
We analyzed a homogenous population of 30 patients with high-grade glioma who underwent complete resection. Patients underwent extensive neuropsychological analysis before surgery, 7 days after surgery, and approximately 40 days after surgery, before adjuvant treatments. Thirty-four neuropsychological tests were administered in the language, memory, attention, executive functions, and praxis domains.

Results
The preoperative percentage of patients with impairment in the considered tests ranged from 0% to 53.3% (mean 20.9%). Despite a general worsening at early follow-up, a significant recovery was observed at late follow-up. Preoperative performances in language and verbal memory tasks depended on the joint effect of tumor volume, volume of surrounding edema, and tumor localization, with major deficits in patients with left lateralized tumor, especially insular and temporal. Preoperative performances in attention and constructive abilities tasks depended on the joint effect of tumor volume, volume of surrounding edema, and patient age, with major deficits in patients ≥ 65 years old. Recovery at late follow-up depended on the volume of resected tumor, edema resorption, and patient age.

Conclusions
Longitudinal neuropsychological performance of patients affected by high-grade glioma depends, among other factors, on the complex interplay of tumor volume, volume of surrounding edema, tumor localization, and patient age. Reported results support the definition of criteria for surgical indication based on the above factors. They may be used to propose more customized surgical, oncological, and rehabilitative strategies.
Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in the ICU: A Dialogue on Core Ethical Issues*
Authors: Goligher Ewan C. , Ely E. Wesley , Sulmasy Daniel P. , Bakker Jan , Raphael John , Volandes Angelo E. , Patel Bhavesh M. , Payne Kate , Hosie Annmarie , Churchill Larry , White Douglas B. , Downar James 
Published: January 2017

Objective:
Many patients are admitted to the ICU at or near the end of their lives. Consequently, the increasingly common debate regarding physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia holds implications for the practice of critical care medicine. The objective of this article is to explore core ethical issues related to physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia from the perspective of healthcare professionals and ethicists on both sides of the debate.

Synthesis:
We identified four issues highlighting the key areas of ethical tension central to evaluating physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia in medical practice: 1) the benefit or harm of death itself, 2) the relationship between physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia and withholding or withdrawing life support, 3) the morality of a physician deliberately causing death, and 4) the management of conscientious objection related to physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia in the critical care setting. We present areas of common ground and important unresolved differences.

Conclusions:
We reached differing positions on the first three core ethical questions and achieved unanimity on how critical care clinicians should manage conscientious objections related to physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. The alternative positions presented in this article may serve to promote open and informed dialogue within the critical care community.
Long-Term Survival in Adults Treated With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure and Sepsis*
Authors: von Bahr Viktor , Hultman Jan , Eksborg Staffan , Frenckner Björn , Kalzén Håkan 
Published: January 2017

Objective:
The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adults with respiratory failure and sepsis is steadily increasing, but the knowledge on long-term survival in this group is scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate the 5-year survival rates and causes of late death in this group of patients.

Design:
Single-center retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Patients:
Adult patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure and sepsis between the service being established for adults in 1995 and December 2013.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Survival status was attained from a national Causes of Death registry. Minimal patient background data, along with data on survival and causes of death were collected. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Of 255 subjects, 64% survived to discharge. The median follow-up time in survivors was 4.4 years. There was a high mortality rate within the first months after discharge. In the group of patients who survived the first 90 days after treatment, the 5-year survival rate was 87% and was particularly beneficial in patients treated for infectious diseases (88–100%). Late deaths were seen in most diagnostic groups, but the Kaplan-Meier curves flattened out over time.

Conclusions:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment in adult patients with respiratory failure and sepsis can be lifesaving in appropriately selected patients. For patients who survive the first months after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment, long-term survival seems good, especially in patients treated for infections.
Totally Implantable Venous Access Devices
Authors: Tabatabaie Omidreza , Kasumova Gyulnara G. , Eskander Mariam F. , Critchlow Jonathan F. , Tawa Nicholas E. , Tseng Jennifer F. 
Published: January 2017

Objective:Totally implantable venous access devices (portacaths, or “ports”), are widely used for intermittent central venous access especially for cancer patients. Although ports have a superior safety margin compared with other long-term venous access devices, there are a number of complications associated with their use.Methods:This is a narrative review. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles about complications related to the use of portacaths. “Similar articles” feature of PubMed and reference list of the existing literature were also reviewed for additional relevant studies.Results:In this review, we provide the latest evidence regarding the most common ones of these adverse events and how to diagnose and treat them. Immediate complications including pneumothorax, hemothorax, arterial puncture, and air embolism as well as late complications such as port infection, malfunction, and thrombosis are covered in detail.Conclusions:Physicians should be familiar with port complications and their diagnosis and management.
The Brief Early Childhood Screening Assessment: Preliminary Validity in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Fallucco Elise M. , Wysocki Tim , James Lauren , Kozikowski Chelsea , Williams Andre , Gleason Mary M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Brief, well-validated instruments are needed to facilitate screening for early childhood behavioral and emotional problems (BEPs). The objectives of this study were to empirically reduce the length of the Early Childhood Screening Assessment (ECSA) and to assess the validity and reliability of this shorter tool.

Methods:
Using caregiver ECSA responses for 2467 children aged 36 to 60 months seen in primary care, individual ECSA items were ranked on a scale ranging from “absolutely retain” to “absolutely delete.” Items were deleted sequentially beginning with “absolutely delete” and going up the item prioritization list, resulting in 35 shorter versions of the ECSA. A separate primary care sample (n = 69) of mothers of children aged 18 to 60 months was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of each shorter ECSA version using psychiatric diagnosis on the Diagnostic Infant and Preschool Assessment as the gold standard. The version with the optimal balance of sensitivity, specificity, and length was selected as the Brief ECSA. Associations between Brief ECSA scores and other pertinent measures were evaluated to estimate reliability and validity.

Results:
A 22-item measure reflected the best combination of brevity, sensitivity and specificity. A cutoff score of 9 or higher on the 22-item Brief ECSA demonstrated acceptable sensitivity (89%) and specificity (85%) for predicting a psychiatric diagnosis. Brief ECSA scores correlated significantly and in expected directions with scores on pertinent measures and with demographic variables.

Conclusion:
The results indicate that the Brief ECSA has sound psychometric properties for identifying young children with BEPs in primary care.
Perception and Acceptability of Medical Photography in Chinese Dermatologic Patients: A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Wang Yue , Tan Huan , Yang Xichuan 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND
Medical photography is increasingly used by physicians, but studies assessing the perception and acceptability of medical photography by Chinese dermatologic patients are scarce.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the perception and acceptability of medical photography in Chinese dermatologic patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
From July to December 2014, adult patients visiting the Dermatology Clinic of The First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University were included in this study. They were required to fill an anonymous questionnaire regarding perception and acceptability of medical photography.

RESULTS
A total of 509 consecutive patients completed the questionnaire, with 35 and 474 declining and undergoing medical photography, respectively. Meanwhile, 81.0% of the patients preferred to be photographed by attending physicians; 63.3% favored clinic-owned cameras, and 81.0% would rather have their photographs stored in the department's database. Besides, most patients allowed their photographs to be used in case studies (92.8%) or medical record keeping (90.3%).

CONCLUSION
Most Chinese dermatologic patients accept medical photography. However, the principles of privacy protection and informed consent should be strictly enforced in clinical practice, and appropriate photographic devices and storage methods should be used, for better acceptance.
PNEUMATIC VITREOLYSIS FOR RELIEF OF VITREOMACULAR TRACTION
Authors: Chan Clement K. , Crosson Jason N. , Mein Calvin E. , Daher Noha 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the outcome of perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas injection for symptomatic vitreomacular traction (VMT) with or without Stage 2 macular hole (MH).

Methods:
A retrospective review of eyes with VMT treated with 0.3 mL of C3F8 gas was performed. Patients avoided the supine position until gas resolution. Patients with small MH maintained partial face-down positioning.

Results:
Forty-nine consecutive patients (50 eyes) with symptomatic VMT underwent pneumatic vitreolysis between 2010 and 2016. A posterior vitreous detachment developed in 43 eyes (86.0%) after a single gas injection, at a median of 3.0 weeks. Twenty-eight of 35 eyes (80.0%) with VMT only and all 15 eyes (100%) with a small Stage 2 MH developed a posterior vitreous detachment, with MH closure in 10 of 15 eyes (66.7%). Median baseline and last best spectacle–corrected visual acuities were 20/50 and 20/40, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean follow-up time was 11.1 ± 9.9 months. Rate of posterior vitreous detachment was reduced with presence of diabetes mellitus (25%) and with thick cellophane membrane (50%). Univariate analysis showed increased VMT release for eyes with VMT extent within 1 disk area (χ2 = 13.1, P = 0.002), eyes with absence of diabetes mellitus (χ2 = 8.8, P = 0.007), and eyes with Stage 2 MH (χ2 = 5.47, P = 0.019); there was a trend between success and lack of thick cellophane membrane (χ2 = 3.32, P = 0.068). Results using logistic regression also showed younger age (P = 0.012), followed by better baseline best spectacle–corrected visual acuity (P = 0.044), lack of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.077), and female gender (P = 0.045) to be predictors of increased VMT release. One VMT-only eye formed a MH and another VMT-only eye developed a retinal detachment. Both eyes responded to vitrectomy.

Conclusion:
Pneumatic vitreolysis with limited face-down position is a viable option for treating VMT with few adverse events. More studies are needed to elucidate its indications, benefits, and risks.
Risk Factors for Acanthamoeba Keratitis—A Multistate Case–Control Study, 2008–2011
Authors: Brown Allison C. , Ross Jonathan , Jones Daniel B. , Collier Sarah A. , Ayers Tracy L. , Hoekstra Robert M. , Backensen Bryon , Roy Sharon L. , Beach Michael J. , Yoder Jonathan S. ,   for The Acanthamoeba Keratitis Investigation Team
Published: January 2017

Objective:
To identify modifiable risk factors contributing to Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) infection.

Methods:
A case–control investigation was conducted. Case patients were soft contact lens wearers with laboratory-confirmed AK. Control were soft contact lens wearers ≥12 years of age, with no history of AK. Case patients were recruited from 14 ophthalmology referral centers and a clinical laboratory. Control were matched on state of residence and type of primary eye care provider (ophthalmologist or optometrist). Participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted. Matched odds ratios (mORs) were calculated.

Results:
Participants included 88 case patients and 151 matched control. Case patients were more likely to be aged <25 years (unadjusted mOR 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3–5.5) or aged >53 years (mOR 2.5, 1.1–5.7), and more likely to be men (mOR 2.6, 1.4–4.8). Unadjusted analyses identified multiple risk factors: rinsing (mOR 6.3, 1.3–29.9) and storing lenses in tap water (mOR 3.9, 1.2–12.3), topping off solution in the lens case (mOR 4.0, 2.0–8.0), having worn lenses ≤5 years (mOR 2.4, 1.3–4.4), rinsing the case with tap water before storing lenses (mOR 2.1, 1.1–4.1), and using hydrogen peroxide (mOR 3.6, 1.1–11.7) versus multipurpose solution. Significant risk factors in multivariable modeling included age >53 years, male sex, topping off, and using saline solution.

Conclusions:
Numerous modifiable risk factors for AK were identified, mostly involving hygiene practices. To reduce the risk of AK, lens wearers should observe recommended lens care practices.