bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root causes analysis for improved containment integrity in LPG storage: A case study
Authors: Chakhrit Ammar , Guedri Abdelmoumene , Guetarni Islam H. M. , Bougofa Mohammed , Bouafia Abderraouf , Chennoufi Mohammed , Djelamda Imene 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) storage system is a critical component designed for the storage of liquefied petroleum gas. LPG storage systems for hazardous materials require rigorous safety protocols to prevent catastrophic containment losses. However, complex interactions between equipment failure, human factors, and external events make prevention a persistent challenge. This study demonstrates the application of structured methods to systematically analyze, correct, and prevent loss of containment in LPG systems. In order to realize this, 8D methodology was used to analyze and solve the problem which included fault tree analysis (FTA) to identify the root causes. Additionally, the bow tie analysis (BTA) will be integrated into the analysis process to implement permanent mitigative actions and prevent the recurrence of similar issues in the future. As a result of this work, it was determined that by applying the proposed approach, the risk of undesired consequences was reduced compared to baseline levels. This study demonstrated the value of a structured suggested approach to improve containment integrity in high‐risk storage systems.
DFT Analysis of Transition Metal (TM) Substitutions on Cu‐Based Chalcogenides: Structural, Electronic, and Thermophysical Properties for Interface Thermal Performance and Energy
Authors: Abbas Zeesham , Mirza Shafaat Hussain , Parveen Amna , Aslam Muhammad , Zatsepin Anatoly , Nassani Abdelmohsen A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe current investigation employs first‐principles DFT (density functional theory) calculations to examine the influence of transition metal replacements on the structural, thermodynamic, and thermoelectric properties of Cu‐based chalcogenides TMCu3Se4 (TM = Nb/Ta/V). The PBE‐generalized gradient approximation (GGA) model is utilized to compute the fundamental properties of Cu‐based chalcogenides under study. A thorough examination of the energy band structures indicates that these chalcogenides are semiconductor compounds with indirect energy bandgaps. We can infer from the calculated energy band structures that the bandgap values are 1.67, 1.77, and 1.05 eV for NbCu3Se4, TaCu3Se4, and VCu3Se4, respectively. The values for NbCu3Se4, TaCu3Se4, and VCu3Se4 are 0.661, 0.998, and 0.996, respectively. These values make them highly appropriate for usage in thermoelectric (TE) devices. The thermoelectric characteristics of pyrochlore oxides TMCu3Se4 (TM = Nb/Ta/V) suggest that these materials have promising potential for energy‐related applications. The analyzed thermodynamic properties demonstrate that the Cu0based chalcogenide materials TMCu3Se4 (TM = Nb/Ta/V) exhibit a notable level of thermal stability.
GC–MS quantification of fecal short‐chain fatty acids and spectrophotometric detection of indole: Do rectal swabs produce comparable results as stool samples? ‐ A pilot study
Authors: K K Vineetha , P R Archana , Rao Bhamini Krishna , Ballal Mamatha , Dutta Babi , R Vani Lakshmi , Bhat Rajeshwari G. 
Published: October 2024

RationaleThe exploration of the gut microbiome and related metabolites holds an exciting future in health science. The challenges associated with fecal sample testing are proper sample collection, sterile transportation, optimal transport conditions, and processing as all these factors could potentially change the microbiome composition, further exacerbated by the patient's customary discomfort regarding feces samples. The study aimed to compare the usage of rectal swabs and stool samples for short‐chain fatty acid estimation using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and indole estimation using spectrophotometry.MethodFrom May 2022 to June 2022, three women were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBG) in a secondary care hospital in coastal Karnataka. During their clinical visit, a rectal swab was collected, and the stool sample was transported to the hospital from the patient's home in sterile containers provided. After the extraction, short‐chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) were quantified using GC–MS. The fecal indole concentration was determined using a hydroxylamine‐based assay.ResultsThe GC–MS analysis failed to detect the concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids in rectal swab samples. Indole concentrations in stool and swab samples were significantly different.ConclusionThe study's findings do not support the use of rectal swabs to analyze gut metabolites.
Nanoporous Submicron Gold Particles Enable Nanoparticle‐Based Localization Optoacoustic Tomography (nanoLOT)
Authors: Nozdriukhin Daniil , Cattaneo Marco , Klingler Norman , Lyu Shuxin , Li Weiye , de Espinosa Francisco Montero , Bonvin Jerome , Supponen Outi , Razansky Daniel , Deán‐Ben Xosé Luís 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLocalization optoacoustic tomography (LOT) has recently emerged as a transformative super‐resolution technique breaking through the acoustic diffraction limit in deep‐tissue optoacoustic (OA) imaging via individual localization and tracking of particles in the bloodstream. However, strong light absorption in red blood cells has previously restricted per‐particle OA detection to relatively large microparticles, ≈5 µm in diameter. Herein, it is demonstrated that submicron‐sized porous gold nanoparticles, ≈600 nm in diameter, can be individually detected for noninvasive super‐resolution imaging with LOT. Ultra‐high‐speed bright‐field microscopy revealed that these nanoparticles generate microscopic plasmonic vapor bubbles, significantly enhancing opto‐acoustic energy conversion through a nano‐to‐micro size transformation. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo tests further demonstrated the biocompatibility and biosafety of the particles. By reducing the detectable particle size by an order of magnitude, nanoLOT enables microangiographic imaging with a significantly reduced risk of embolisms from particle aggregation and opens new avenues to visualize how nanoparticles reach vascular and potentially extravascular targets. The performance of nanoLOT for non‐invasive imaging of microvascular networks in the murine brain anticipates new insights into neurovascular coupling mechanisms and longitudinal microcirculatory changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
Supported Supramolecular Hydrogel Nanoarchitectonics for Tunable Biocatalytic Flow Activity
Authors: More Shahaji H. , Runser Jean‐Yves , Ontani Aymeric , Fores Jennifer Rodon , Carvalho Alain , Blanck Christian , Serra Christophe A. , Schmutz Marc , Schaaf Pierre , Jierry Loïc 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnzymatically‐active polyelectrolyte multilayers containing n layers of phosphatase (APn‐PEM) induce the formation of supported biocatalytic supramolecular hydrogels when brought in contact with the precursor tripeptide Fmoc‐FFpY (Fmoc = N‐fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl; F = Phenylalanine; Y = Tyrosine; p = phosphate group). APn‐PEM triggers the spatially‐localized hydrogelation reaching 2, 17 and 350 µm of thickness for n = 1, 2 and 3, respectively. As observed by cryo scanning electron microscopy, a dense nanofibrous network underpinning the hydrogel shows parallelly orientated Fmoc‐FFY peptide‐based fibrils, perpendicular to the substrate. For the gel generated by the AP3‐PEM, fluorescence confocal microscopy images show that during the peptide self‐assembly, some enzymes are distributed in the hydrogel, preferentially located in few dozens of micrometers above the substrate. In addition, a self‐assembly growth rate of 5 µm min−1 is determined when the hydrogelation starts. Through transmission electron microscopy immuno‐labelling experiments on self‐assemblies generated in solution, we observe that AP are decorating the Fmoc‐FFY nanofibers. It is observed both a long‐term stability and a higher biocatalytic activity of the so AP‐encapsulated hydrogel compared to the bare APn‐PEM. This bioactivity can be tuned by the number n in batch and under continuous flow conditions. To illustrate the versatility of this enzyme‐supported strategy, multi‐catalytic transformations in continuous flow conditions have been successfully carried out using supported supramolecular hydrogel.
An Ultra‐Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing ZrB2‐Based Ceramic Composite Inspired by Barbule of Peacock
Authors: Dai Mengyu , Jia Yujun , Deng Yumeng , Ren Bin , Liu Sijian , Wang Qian , Lin Yixiang , Cheng Junjie , Li Hejun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBroadband electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing ceramic materials are highly required for the thermal parts of aerocraft. As members of ultrahigh temperature ceramics, ZrB2‐based ceramics have great potential for applications in more extreme environments relative to the currently used silicon‐based and oxide‐based ceramics. However, ZrB2 is not among the traditional EMW absorbing material candidates due to its high conductivity, which induces the strong reflection of EMW due to the impedance mismatch with free space. Herein, ZrB2‐based ceramic with a bionic microstructure inspired by peacock barbules is proposed. Boron nitride nanotubes acting as polarization centers inside the ZrB2‐based material cause massive EMW dissipation. The ceramic shows an ultra‐broadband absorption of 9.6 GHz (<−10 dB from 8.4 to 18 GHz), almost covering the entire X and Ku bands, superior to the reported ceramics. The polarization centers successfully turn the ZrB2‐based ceramic from EMW reflecting material to an excellent EMW absorbing material by the bionic barbule interspersed microstructure. The simulated metamaterial of the ceramic achieves an ultra‐broad absorption (lower than −15 dB) in the range of 2–40 GHz. This work provides valuable insights for the development of broadband absorption material for high‐temperature environments.
Partially Amorphous Ru‐Doped CoSe Nanoparticles with Optimized Intermediates Adsorption for Highly Efficient Sulfur Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Liu Xinzheng , Wang Wenwen , Wan Li , Hu Yubin , Xia Chenghui , Cao Lixin , Dong Bohua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe application of thermodynamically more favorable sulfur oxidation reaction (SOR) to replace oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in electrocatalytic water electrolysis is an appealing strategy to achieve low‐energy hydrogen production while removing toxic sulfur ions from wastewater. However, the study of SOR catalysts with both activity and stability still faces great challenges. Herein, this study prepares partially amorphous Ru‐doped CoSe (pa‐Ru‐CoSe) nanoparticles for SOR. The doping of Ru keeps Co in an electron‐deficient state, which enhances the adsorption of SOR intermediates and improves the catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the partially amorphous selenide possesses great corrosion resistance to sulfur species, thus ensuring stability in long‐term SOR. In addition, the pa‐Ru‐CoSe requires only 0.566 V to reach a current density of 100 mA cm−2 in the SOR‐HER coupled system and remains stable for 200 h. This work provides a promising partially amorphous strategy for SOR catalysts with both catalytic activity and long‐term stability, enabling hydrogen production with low energy consumption and simultaneous sulfur production.
Generating Immunological Memory Against Cancer by Camouflaging Gold‐Based Photothermal Nanoparticles in NIR‐II Biowindow for Mimicking T‐Cells
Authors: Xiong Xuefan , Zhang Ying , Huang Xinqi , Zhang Shusheng , Li Qiong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) against cancer not only directly ablates tumors but also induces tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, the antitumor immune response elicited by ICD is insufficient to prevent relapse and metastasis because of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). A biomimetic nanoplatform (bmNP) mimicking cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) for combinational photothermal‐immunotherapy to effectively regulate the immunosuppressive TME is reported here. The bmNP is constructed by wrapping the T‐cell membrane onto a new type of photothermal agents, spherical Au‐based PNCs (sAuPNCs). Similar to T‐cells, the bmNP enhanced accumulation at the tumor site by targeting the tumor via adhesion proteins on T‐cell membrane. The obtained sAuPNCs have a wide absorption band in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) region with a high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) up to about 75% and excellent photostability. The bmNP with a smaller size is more superior compete with T‐cells to bond with tumor cells via PD‐1/PD‐L1 interaction to effectively block the PD‐1 checkpoint of T‐cells for preventing T‐cell exhaustion. Furthermore, in vivo studies reveal the immunological memory effect is significantly elicited in mice received bmNPs therapy. Collectively, bmNPs show great potential in photothermal‐enhanced immunotherapy.
Faster and Safer “In situ” Synthesis of Germanane and Silicane
Authors: Georgantas Yiannis , Giousis Theodosis , Moissinac Francis P. , Tainton Gareth R. , Haigh Sarah J. , Bissett Mark A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGermanane (GeH) and silicane (SiH), members of the Xanes family, have garnered significant attention as 2D materials due to their diverse properties, which hold promise for applications in electronics, optoelectronics, energy storage, and sensing. Typically, highly concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) or hydrofluoric acid (HF) is employed in the synthesis of these Xanes, but both routes are problematic due to slow kinetics and safety concerns, respectively. Here for the first time, a faster and safer method is demonstrated for Xanes synthesis that harnesses the generation of HF “in situ” using a solution of HCl and lithium fluoride (LiF) salt, overcoming the key challenges of the conventional methods. A variety of characterization techniques to establish a baseline is utilized for both Xanes and to provide a holistic knowledge regarding this method, the possible consequences of this approach, and the possibility of applying it to other layered Zintl phases. The novel synthesis protocol results in high‐quality GeH and SiH with bandgaps (Eg) of 1.75 and 2.47 eV respectively, highlighting their potential suitability for integration into semiconductor applications.
Finite element analysis of ductility and flexural capacity of FRP and steel bars hybrid reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Wei Bingyan , He Xiongjun , Chen Tao , Wu Weiwei , He Jia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo study the flexural behavior of hybrid reinforced concrete (hybrid‐RC) beams with FRP and steel bars, this paper used ABAQUS finite element (FE) software to model and nonlinear analyze the hybrid‐RC beams and investigate the effects of effective reinforcement ratio, concrete strength, and FRP bars type on the flexural behavior of hybrid‐RC beams. In addition, the FRP bars stress, flexural bearing capacity, and ductility formulas for hybrid‐RC beams were fitted based on the FE results, and existing literature data were used to verify their accuracy. The FE model results indicated that the effective reinforcement ratio, FRP bars type, and concrete strength significantly impacted the flexural bearing capacity and deformation performance of hybrid‐RC beams. Increasing the strength of concrete improved the flexural bearing capacity and ductility of hybrid‐RC beams; increasing the effective reinforcement ratio and the elastic modulus of FRP bars increased the flexural bearing capacity of the hybrid‐RC beams but decreased its ductility. In addition, the fitted FRP bars stress, flexural bearing capacity, and ductility calculation formulas can quickly and conveniently predict the flexural bearing capacity and ductility of hybrid‐RC beams.
Berberine alleviates cerebellar damage in global cerebral ischemia: A comprehensive study with stereological analysis, evaluation of the antioxidant response, and locomotor function in rat models
Authors: Mehboodi Dariush , Shahedi Abbas , Namavar Mohammadreza , Yadegari Maryam , Mazaheri Fahime 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlobal cerebral ischemia (GCI) leads to significant oxidative damage in the cerebellum, mainly affecting Purkinje cells. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of berberine chloride (BBR), a compound known for its antioxidant properties against GCI.Materials and methodsFourty‐two adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Sham, GCI, and GCI + BBR. Rats received BBR (50 mg/kg) seven days before and six hours after inducing GCI via bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 20 min. They were assessed for locomotor activity by the open‐field test, the cerebellar biochemical factors malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), cerebellum volume and Purkinje neuron count by stereological analysis.ResultsThe BBR treatment reduced the concentration of MDA and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx in the GCI + BBR group compared to the GCI group. Stereological analysis revealed higher Purkinje cell count, cerebellum, white matter, and gray matter volume in the GCI + BBR group compared to the GCI group. Furthermore, GCI + BBR showed enhanced locomotor function compared to the GCI group.ConclusionBBR showed therapeutic benefits and improved locomotor function. It demonstrated antioxidative effects by lowering MDA levels, boosting enzymatic activities, and significantly mitigating Purkinje cell death and cerebellar volume loss.
Biochemical changes in the aetiology of floppy kid syndrome in goat kids
Authors: Kudělková Lenka , Wittke Ľubica , Pechová Alena , Hauptmanová Kateřina , Pavlata Leoš 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the herd, 20 of 75 goat kids born became progressively ill. Twelve affected kids, aged 4–9 days, exhibited muscle weakness, pain without fever, diarrhoea and dehydration. Their health deteriorated rapidly, and within a few hours, one kid died. The results of the blood test revealed severe metabolic acidosis, hypokalaemia and changes in urea concentrations. Floppy kid syndrome was diagnosed. Treatment was initiated to correct the acid–base balance, and all affected kids were temporarily separated from their mothers. All the treated kids recovered. Before the onset of clinical signs, elevated urea concentrations and differences in maternal blood potassium levels were observed. This is the first report on changes in potassium concentrations in periparturient dams of goat kids with and without floppy kid syndrome, as well as the first report on changes in urea concentrations in kids before the onset of clinical signs.
Simulating controlled drainage and hydrological connections in a cultivated peatland field
Authors: Salla Aleksi , Salo Heidi , Tähtikarhu Mika , Marttila Hannu , Läpikivi Miika , Liimatainen Maarit , Lötjönen Timo , Koivusalo Harri 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCultivated peatlands are increasingly regarded as hot spots due to climate change and other environmental concerns. Flexible water management, such as controlled drainage, is proposed to optimize cultivation and reduce environmental risks in peatland fields. The hydrological and environmental implications of controlled drainage depend on site‐specific variables, and it is unclear how controlled drainage should be implemented in various conditions. Simulation models are a promising approach to systemically study the field hydrology, as models can capture the complete water balance, which is difficult through experimental studies alone. We calibrated and validated the spatially distributed model FLUSH to describe the hydrology of a field block with a shallow peat cover and controlled drainage in central western Finland. The objectives were to analyze the hydrological effects of controlled drainage and detect hydrological connections between the field and an adjacent upslope forest area. The results showed how inflow from the forest can induce high observed drain discharge but impacted the block groundwater tables only in the proximity of the forest (distance <25 m). The effect of controlled drainage on groundwater tables was on average 0.15 m and seasonally varying. Controlled drainage reduced drain discharge, and the reduction was larger with the forest area included in the model. While controlled drainage effects on groundwater levels and soil moisture were insensitive to groundwater influxes from adjacent areas, the water balance impact highlights the role of hydrological connections in the hydrology of cultivated peatlands under controlled drainage.
Software Verification Witnesses 2.0
Authors: Ayaziová Paulína , Beyer Dirk , Lingsch-Rosenfeld Marian , Spiessl Martin , Strejček Jan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVerification witnesses are now widely accepted objects used not only to confirm or refute verification results, but also for general exchange of information among various tools for program verification. The original format for witnesses is based on GraphML, and it has some known issues including a semantics based on control-flow automata, limited tool support of some format features, and a large size of witness files. This paper presents version 2.0 of the witness format, which is based on YAML and overcomes the above-mentioned issues. We describe the new format, provide an experimental comparison of various aspects of the original and the new witness format showing that both witness formats perform similarly, and report on its adoption in the community.
Fault Localization on Verification Witnesses
Authors: Beyer Dirk , Kettl Matthias , Lemberger Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhen verifiers report an alarm, they export a violation witness (exchangeable counterexample) that helps validate the reachability of that alarm. Conventional wisdom says that this violation witness should be very precise: the ideal witness describes a single error path for the validator to check. But we claim that verifiers overshoot and produce large witnesses with information that makes validation unnecessarily difficult. To check our hypothesis, we reduce violation witnesses to that information that automated fault-localization approaches deem relevant for triggering the reported alarm in the program. We perform a large experimental evaluation on the witnesses produced in the International Competition on Software Verification (SV-COMP 2023). It shows that our reduction shrinks the witnesses considerably and enables the confirmation of verification results that were not confirmable before.