bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinhold’s Elementarphilosophie: A Scholastic or Critical Philosophical System?
Authors: Frketich Elise 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Karl Leonhard Reinhold (1757–1823) is hailed as one of the most influential thinkers of early post-Kantian philosophy. He is best known for popularising critical philosophy through his Letters on the Kantian Philosophy, first published in the Teutsche Merkur (1786), and for restructuring it into a kind of axiomatic-deductive system in the Elementarphilosophie (1789–1794). An axiomatic-deductive system is based on one or several self-evident principles from which all subsequent principles are deduced. Reinhold’s restructuring of Kant’s critical project was highly influential for Fichte and the early Schelling, and thus, for the transition from Kantian critical philosophy to German Idealism. Most Reinhold scholars interpret the system of the Elementarphilosophie as belonging to the pre-critical tradition. Counter to this view, I consider the possibility that Reinhold was influenced by the idea of a philosophical system put forth by Kant in the Architectonic. I proceed by first discussing Kant’s criteria of both a pre-critical and a critical system, before assessing which the Elementarphilosophie can best be described as. I conclude that although Reinhold’s system is more adequately classified as a critical than as a pre-critical system, it must ultimately be viewed as something new.
Creating the Absolute: Kant’s Conception of Genial Creation in Schlegel, Novalis and Schelling
Authors: Ostaric Lara 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In contrast to the current tendencies in secondary literature to interpret the notion of the Absolute of the Early Romantics and Schelling from either an epistemological or an ontological perspective, I argue that these philosophers found in Kant’s notion of genius in the third Critique a model for the Absolute that combines both perspectives in the act of the artist’s free creation. However, I contend that Schlegel and Novalis followed more closely the modesty of Kant’s Critical philosophy, both epistemologically and ontologically: epistemologically as a lack of our capacity to know and ontologically as a lack of our capacity to fully realize the Absolute. With their conceptions of the Absolute as an infinite becoming and an endless oscillation, they defied philosophical systems with an absolutely certain principle as its basis and embraced Kant’s doctrine of the ignorance of things as they are in themselves. In contrast, Schelling’s philosophy from its early beginnings was marked by ambition to extend Kant’s notion of the Unconditioned from both epistemological and ontological perspectives. For him, an act of genial creation was equivalent to a full realization of the Absolute, which presupposed and afforded its theoretical transparency.
Kant versus the Asymmetry Dogma
Authors: Kitcher Patricia 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOne of the most widely accepted contemporary constraints on theories of self-knowledge is that they must account for the very different ways in which cognitive subjects know their own minds and the ways in which they know other minds. Through the influence of Peter Strawson, Kant is often taken to be an original source for this view. I argue that Kant is quite explicit in holding the opposite position. In a little discussed passage in the Paralogisms chapter, he argues that cognitive subjects have no way of understanding the minds of others except by using their own minds as a model for others.
Kant on Empirical Knowledge and Induction in the Two Introductions to the Critique of the Power of Judgment
Authors: Seide Ansgar 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn their interpretations of the two introductions to the Critique of the Power of Judgment, Juliet Floyd and Henry Allison argue that Kant’s account of the reflecting power of judgment can be read as his vindication of inductive inference and as an answer to Hume’s worries concerning induction. Paul Guyer, on the other hand, argues that Kant’s account in these passages falls short of providing an adequate answer to Hume’s arguments. In this paper, I want to show that the strongest account of Kant’s vindication of inductive inference appears when we combine a reading of Kant’s account of the reflecting power of judgment in the first introduction along the lines suggested by Floyd and Allison with Guyer’s interpretation of Kant’s account in the second introduction. As we will see, Kant’s vindication of inductive inference is stronger than Guyer suspects, although it does not amount to a straightforward refutation of Hume’s worries concerning the uniformity of nature.
Mainstreaming Grey Literature in Research Library Collections in Kenya
Authors: Kwanya Tom , Stilwell Christine , Underwood Peter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGrey literature can be perceived as the unpublished content produced by academic, research, public and private institutions. Grey literature comprises newsletters, reports, working papers, theses, government documents, bulletins, fact sheets, conference proceedings, minutes, PowerPoint presentations and other publications which are generally produced for internal, localised and short-term purposes. The available evidence indicates that grey literature is steadily becoming an important source of research information. There is consensus amongst researchers that grey literature provides glimpses of research trends even before the formal publication of results. Grey literature also provides background information such as statistics, facts, overviews and research summaries which are important for new or ongoing research projects. Most researchers also agree that grey literature complements scientific sources (e.g. journals) in the provision of research information. In spite of its growing value, most research libraries in Kenya do not have strategies to manage grey literature effectively. This article explores the current status of grey literature in research libraries in Kenya. This study used an interpretive qualitative case study approach to collect data from researchers and librarians drawn from five national and international research institutions in Kenya. Data was collected through interviews, focus group discussions, documentary analysis and social network analysis. Data analysis was done through content analysis, conversation analysis and Heideggarian hermeneutics. Reliability and validity of the results was ensured through effective sampling and pre-testing of data collection techniques and instruments. The study found that most of grey literature generated or collected by research libraries in Kenya tends to be lost as soon as its short-term purposes are served. The authors propose strategies that research libraries in Kenya can use to mainstream grey literature in their collections and enhance access to it and use of it.
Synthesis, spectroscopic, and theoretical studies of tin(II) complexes with biologically active Schiff bases derived from amino acids
Authors: Singh Har Lal 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
New tin(II) complexes of general stoichiometry [Sn(L)2] with bidentate ligand, derived from amino acids with isatin, 5-chloroisatin have been synthesized. It is characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, and molecular weight determinations. Bonding of these complexes is discussed in terms of their UV-visible, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR) spectroscopic studies. The ligands act as bidentate towards metal ions, via the azomethine nitrogen and deprotonated oxygen of the respective ligands. The bond length, bond angles, highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, chemical hardness, global softness, and the lowest energy model structure of the complexes have been determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations at B3LYP/LanL2DZ level. A few representative ligands and their tin complexes have been screened for their antibacterial activities and found to be active in this respect.
Crystal structure of (Z)-4-((E)-(4-chlorobenzyli-dene)hydrazono)-1-p-tolylpyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile, C19H17ClN4
Authors: El-Hiti Gamal A. , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Baashen Mohammed , Hegazy Amany S. , Kariuki Benson M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
C19H17ClN4, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 6.9042(5) Å, b = 7.1990(5) Å, c = 18.2633(13) Å, α = 86.727(6)°, β = 79.214(6)°, γ = 69.876(7)°, V = 837.25(11) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0553, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1406, T = 296(2) K.
Narratives of Belonging in the Digital Diaspora: Corpus Approaches to a Cultural Concept
Authors: Heyd Theresa 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In this study, I examine narratives of belonging through a corpus of digital diasporic discourse. The
corpus is based on a Nigerian online discussion forum; its users primarily consist of both local Nigerians and
members of the globally dispersed Nigerian diaspora. The study sets out by providing a working definition
of narratives of belonging couched in the sociolinguistic tradition of approaching narrative structures. This
includes aspects of personal narration, structural features, and reference to concepts that are salient in the
construction of belonging. From this preliminary definition, retrieval strategies are developed to identify
narratives of belonging in a large-scale dataset through a combination of manual and automated searches.
The dataset of narratives is then analyzed, both in terms of structural features such as length and variation
in narrative complexity, as well as linguistic properties, such as code-switching and the use of toponyms.
Finally, these analyses are used to identify emerging topic strands and recurring themes in these narratives
of belonging. It can be argued that such codifications of the diasporic experience are created and reinforced
through individuated stories. Narratives of belonging, in other words, systematically contribute to the
identity work performed in and by a digital diasporic community.
When the “other” runs in front of the bull: a membership categorization analysis of a television news story
Authors: Roca-Cuberes Carles , Ventura Rafael 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article analyzes a television news story using a particular example. In line with the research tradition of the ethnomethodological approach of membership categorization analysis, our main analytical concerns are (i) to understand the logic of practical reasoning and intelligibility involved in the production of the news story; (ii) to examine how this intelligibility is generated and what resources – such as commonsense knowledge of the social structures – are used to make the news story communicable; and (iii) to explore how specific forms of categorization employed in the news story are used to induce certain readings or to promote certain worldviews. The news story analyzed describes the progressive increase of foreign participants at the San Fermín running of the bulls in Pamplona, Spain. It also highlights the still minority participation by women at this massive event. The results of the analysis show that both “foreigners” and “women” are presented as being in the wrong place. Through association with their typical predicates, both “foreigners” and “women” are construed in the news story as the “other.” A final reflection is made on the concept of identity, which is understood as a situated accomplishment.
Social identity and procedural consequentiality in welfare interviews
Authors: Simonen Mika 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article studies how, in welfare interviews, interviewers receive simple positive responses from interviewees that are not indexing any answer options. Using videotaped data from welfare-related interviews in Finland (N=23), it is shown that interviewers receiving response particlesjoo‘yeah’ andkyllä‘yes’, and the verb repeat responsepystyn‘I am able’, may treat them (i) as interchangeable, and (ii) differently, since they take into account the prior speaker’s social identity. Minimal responses delivered by the unemployed are taken for granted, while the same responses delivered by elderly retirees are accountable. Hence, social identity is demonstrably relevant and procedurally consequential in the reception of positive minimal responses. This analytical claim should be carefully considered by anyone collecting data through interviews.
Extended concurrent speech andguānxìmanagement in Mandarin
Authors: Zhu Weihua 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMost previous research on turn-taking mechanisms has not centered on extended concurrent speech for floor taking or topic switching, although brief overlaps have been discussed (e. g. Schegloff [2000, Overlapping talk and organization of turn-taking for conversation,Language in Society29, 1–63]). This study departs from conversation analysis (CA) perspectives and attempts to uncover extended concurrent speech as a strategy forguānxì(relationship) management employed by non-familial equal-status Mandarin speakers in everyday practice in a southeastern city of mainland China. Spontaneous mundane conversations were analyzed and interpreted by means of a discursive-interactional approach, inclusive of interactional sociolinguistics. The participants were found to co-construct extended concurrent speech to maintain or enhanceguānxìwithout any manifestations of negative evaluation. The study suggests the importance of situating research in local and large contexts, including the participants’ relational history, occupation, age, sex and social distance, and the necessity to examine extended concurrent speech, floor taking and topic switching in different varieties of Chinese. The findings can promote our understanding of intercultural communication that involves native Chinese speakers.
Fractional Zero-Point Angular Momenta in Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Liu Si-Jia , Zhang Yu-Fei , Long Zheng-Wen , Jing Jian 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The charged particle confined by a harmonic potential in a noncommutative planar phase space interacting with a homogeneous dynamical magnetic field and Aharonov-Bohm potentials is studied. We find that the canonical orbital angular momenta of the reduced models, which are obtained by setting the mass and a dimensionless parameter to zero, take fractional values. These fractional angular momenta are not only determined by the flux inside the thin long solenoid but also affected by the noncommutativities of phase space.
Differential Invariants of the (2+1)-Dimensional Breaking Soliton Equation
Authors: Han Zhong , Chen Yong 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We construct the differential invariants of Lie symmetry pseudogroups of the (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation and analyze the structure of the induced differential invariant algebra. Their syzygies and recurrence relations are classified. In addition, a moving frame and the invariantization of the breaking soliton equation are also presented. The algorithms are based on the method of equivariant moving frames.
Asymptotic Analysis to Two Nonlinear Equations in Fluid Mechanics by Homotopy Renormalisation Method
Authors: Guan Jiang , Kai Yue 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
By the homotopy renormalisation method, the global approximate solutions to Falkner-Skan equation and Von Kármá’s problem of a rotating disk in an infinite viscous fluid are obtained. The homotopy renormalisation method is simple and powerful for finding global approximate solutions to nonlinear perturbed differential equations arising in mathematical physics.
Bowel perforation complicating an ACTH-secreting phaeochromocytoma
Authors: Flynn Elise , Baqar Sara , Liu Dorothy , Ekinci Elif I , Farrell Stephen , Zajac Jeffrey D , De Luise Mario , Seeman Ego 
Published: August 2016

Summary
ACTH-secreting phaeochromocytoma (ASP) is a rare cause of ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (CS). We report the case of a 63-year-old female presenting with CS secondary to an ASP complicated by bowel perforation. This case report highlights ASP as an uncommon but important cause of ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS). There have been 29 cases of ASP, all of which were unilateral and benign, but associated with significant complications. Patients presenting with ASP have the potential for cure with unilateral adrenalectomy. Given this promising prognosis if recognised, ASP should be considered in the diagnostic workup of ACTH-dependent CS. As this case demonstrates, gastrointestinal complications can arise from severe hypercortisolaemia associated with CS. Early medical and surgical intervention is imperative as mortality approaches 50% once bowel perforation occurs.

Learning points

Consider phaeochromocytoma in the diagnostic workup of ACTH-dependent CS; screen with plasma metanephrines or urinary catecholamines.
Serial screening may be required if ACTH-secreting phaeochromocytoma is suspected, as absolute levels can be misleading.
Early catecholamine receptor blockade and adrenal synthesis blockade may avoid the need for rescue bilateral adrenalectomy in ACTH-secreting phaeochromocytoma.
Consider early medical or surgical management when gastrointestinal features are present in patients with CS, as bowel perforation due to severe hypercortisolaemia can occur and is associated with significant mortality.
Intussusception Rates Before and After the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccine
Authors: Tate Jacqueline E. , Yen Catherine , Steiner Claudia A. , Cortese Margaret M. , Parashar Umesh D. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
Recent US studies have identified a small increased risk of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination, mainly after the first dose. We examined trends in intussusception hospitalizations before (2000–2005) and after (2007–2013) rotavirus vaccine introduction to assess whether this observed temporal risk translates into more hospitalized cases at the population level.

METHODS:
Intussusception hospitalizations in children &lt;12 months of age were abstracted from the State Inpatient Database maintained by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for 26 states that provided data from 2000 to 2013. Rates were calculated using bridged-race postcensal population estimates. Trends were analyzed by age groups (6–14 weeks, 15–24 weeks, and 25–34 weeks) based on the recommended ages for vaccine administration as well as 8–11 weeks when the majority of first doses are given. Rate ratios were calculated by using Poisson regression.

RESULTS:
No consistent change in intussusception hospitalization rates was observed among all children &lt;12 months of age and among children 15 to 24 weeks and 25 to 34 weeks of age. The intussusception hospitalization rate for children aged 8 to 11 weeks was significantly elevated by 46% to 101% (range: 16.7–22.9 per 100 000) in all postvaccine years except 2011 and 2013 compared with the prevaccine baseline (11.7 per 100 000).

CONCLUSIONS:
The increase in the intussusception hospitalization rate in children 8 to 11 weeks when the majority of first doses of vaccine are given is consistent with recent US postlicensure studies. Given the magnitude of declines in rotavirus disease compared with this small increase in intussusception, the benefits of rotavirus vaccination outweigh the increase risk of intussusception.
How much is your diet? (Estimation about prices of “traditional Hungarian”, diabetic, low energy diets, and related life-style expenses)
Authors: Iski G. , Biró L. , Ungvári T. , Rurik I. 
Published: August 2016

Nutrition and lifestyle-related diseases are some of the leading morbidities among the Hungarian population. People who want to lose weight often complain that healthy diet is expensive.
Our aim was to quantify the costs of three different types of diet for a three-day period. We compared “traditional Hungarian”, low energy, and diabetic diets, considering both energy content and expenses related to lifestyle.
According to our estimation: diabetic (including medication) and ”traditional” Hungarian diets were the most expensive. Low energy diet proved to be the most cost-effective despite the extra expenditures of higher physical activity.
Identifying the features of an exercise addiction: A Delphi study
Authors: Macfarlane Lucy , Owens Glynn , Cruz Borja del Pozo 
Published: August 2016

Objectives
There remains limited consensus regarding the definition and conceptual basis of exercise addiction. An understanding of the factors motivating maintenance of addictive exercise behavior is important for appropriately targeting intervention. The aims of this study were twofold: first, to establish consensus on features of an exercise addiction using Delphi methodology and second, to identify whether these features are congruous with a conceptual model of exercise addiction adapted from the Work Craving Model.

Methods
A three-round Delphi process explored the views of participants regarding the features of an exercise addiction. The participants were selected from sport and exercise relevant domains, including physicians, physiotherapists, coaches, trainers, and athletes. Suggestions meeting consensus were considered with regard to the proposed conceptual model.

Results and discussion
Sixty-three items reached consensus. There was concordance of opinion that exercising excessively is an addiction, and therefore it was appropriate to consider the suggestions in light of the addiction-based conceptual model. Statements reaching consensus were consistent with all three components of the model: learned (negative perfectionism), behavioral (obsessive–compulsive drive), and hedonic (self-worth compensation and reduction of negative affect and withdrawal).

Conclusions
Delphi methodology allowed consensus to be reached regarding the features of an exercise addiction, and these features were consistent with our hypothesized conceptual model of exercise addiction. This study is the first to have applied Delphi methodology to the exercise addiction field, and therefore introduces a novel approach to exercise addiction research that can be used as a template to stimulate future examination using this technique.
TOXIC ACTIVITIES OF HEXANE EXTRACT AND COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY FRACTIONS OF RODENT TUBER PLANT (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) ON Artemia salina
Authors: Sianipar Nesti F. , Maarisit Wilmar , Valencia Alice 
Published: August 2016

Rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) is a medicinal plant particularly found in Java. The plant is used as an ingredient for conventional cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the toxic activities of crude extracts and column chromatography fractions of rodent tuber on Artemia salina larvae. Rodent tuber plant was obtained from the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute in Bogor, West Java. The experiment was conducted in the Biology Laboratory of Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten. Leaves and petioles of the plant were macerated with acetone and the filtrates were evaporated (40°C) to obtain crude extracts. The crude extracts were partitioned with ethyl acetate, followed with hexane, chloroform and butanol. Toxicity test of the extracts was performed using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method on A. salina larvae. Extract showing the most toxic was fractioned using column chromatography and then tested on the larvae. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized factorial, four replicates for crude extracts and two replicates for the fractions. Treatments were different types of extracts (hexane, chloroform and butanol) at various concentrations (500, 1,000 and 1,500 μg ml-1 of 5% Tween solution). Fractions of the column chromatography used were taken from the column number 1, 3 and 10, and tested their toxicities at 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 μg ml-1 of 5% Tween solution. Parameters observed were the death of A. salina expressed as LC50. The study showed that hexane extract of the petioles had the most toxic to A. salina (LC50 = 762.08 μg ml-1). Fraction number 10 showed the highest toxic (LC50 = 381.07 μg ml-1), whereas the lowest was fraction number 3 (LC50 = 653.13 μg ml-1). The study indicates that rodent tuber plant from Bogor is toxic to A. salina and further test for its cytotoxic activity is justified. <br />