bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of input energy spectrum: attenuation models and velocity spectrum scaling
Authors: Alıcı F. S. , Sucuoğlu Halûk 
Published: May 2016

SummaryRecent improvements in performance‐based earthquake engineering require realistic description of seismic demands and accurate estimation of supplied capacities in terms of both forces and deformations. Energy based approaches have a significant advantage in performance assessment because excitation and response durations, accordingly energy absorption and dissipation characteristics, are directly considered whereas force and displacement‐based procedures are based only on the maximum response parameters. Energy‐based procedures mainly consist of the prediction of earthquake input energy imposed on a structural system during an earthquake and energy dissipation performance of the structure.The presented study focuses on the prediction of earthquake input energy. A large number of strong‐ground motions have been collected from the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) project database, and parametric studies have been conducted for considering the effects of soil type, epicentral distance, moment magnitude, and the fault type on input energy. Then prediction equations for input energy spectra, which are expressed in terms of the equivalent velocity (Veq) spectra, are derived in terms of these parameters. Moreover, a scaling operation has been developed based on consistent relations between pseudo velocity (PSV) and input energy spectra. When acceleration and accordingly velocity spectrum is available for a site from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, it is possible to estimate the input energy spectrum by applying velocity scaling. Both of these approaches are found successful in predicting the Veq spectrum at a site, either from attenuation relations for the considered earthquake source or from the results of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis conducted for the site. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The remarkable impact of renewable energy generation in Sicily onto electricity price formation in Italy
Authors: Meneguzzo Francesco , Ciriminna Rosaria , Albanese Lorenzo , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDuring the first half of 2015, for the first time, the zonal electricity price in Sicily decreased below than the national wholesale price in Italy. Showing the unique pattern of electricity consumption in Italy's largest region at different time scales, we identify the effectiveness of the impact of renewable power generation on utility‐scale in Sicily upon the whole of Italy's electricity market. Increasing the electrification of the energy end uses, as it is happening despite prolonged reduction in electricity demand, will lead to further benefits for power consumers throughout the whole country.
Variable‐rate staircase codes with RS component codes for optical wireless transmission
Authors: Kukieattikool Pratana , Goertz Norbert 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe investigate staircase codes, a class of high‐performance forward‐error‐correction codes for high‐rate transmission, and propose staircase codes with adaptive rates for time‐variant optical wireless channels. The variable‐rate staircase codes are used in a type‐II hybrid automatic repeat request framework such that throughput is maximised by avoiding retransmissions of the whole staircase blocks that initially—at high code rate—may not have been decoded successfully. These rate‐adaptive staircase codes employ at their core the standard Bose–Chaudhuri–Hochquenghem component codes, but they are concatenated with Reed–Solomon codes as extra components to implement burst‐error correction and rate‐adaptivity. Bit error performance and throughput of the rate‐adaptive staircase codes are investigated by analysis and confirmed with simulation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective ensemble‐mean technique for tropical cyclone track forecast by using time‐lagged ensemble and multi‐centre ensemble in the western North Pacific
Authors: Du Yugang , Qi Liangbo , Cao Xiaogang 
Published: May 2016

This article investigates the impacts of both the time‐lagged ensemble technique and the multi‐centre ensemble prediction system (EPS) on tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts. Four EPSs from European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and China Meteorological Administration (CMA) participating in the TIGGE project are considered, and 60 TCs in the western North Pacific from 2010 to 2012 are investigated. The time‐lagged ensemble uses single‐centre EPS (SCE) initialized at different times to increase ensemble members for specific forecast times. Both the means of selected EPS members (SEAV) method and the ensemble‐mean method are applied to the time‐lagged ensemble, respectively. Verification results show that the time‐lagged ensemble yields marginal changes in forecast position errors compared with its zero‐lag counterparts for all SCEs by applying the SEAV method. The mean forecast position errors by the ensemble‐mean method are greater when adding previous data compared with the SEAV method.A variety of multi‐centre EPSs (MCEs) composed of SEAV‐integrated SCEs are investigated. These MCEs, labelled according to their component SCEs, are EC&NCEP, EC&CMA, EC&JMA, EC&NCEP&CMA, EC&NCEP&JMA and EC&NCEP&CMA&JMA. The EC&NCEP MCE, for example, is a SEAV‐integrated combination of the ECMWF and NCEP ensemble TC forecast tracks. It is found that MCE track forecasts are more accurate than SCE track forecasts. EC&NCEP has the best performance among all MCEs. In addition, MCEs are compared with an equally weighted consensus of deterministic model forecasts (MCDs). The MCEs outperform their corresponding MCDs at 24 h. Sensitivity tests on the weights of component SCEs in SEAV‐derived MCEs are conducted. For lead times within 72 h, if the component SCEs in an MCE have comparable performances, the MCE with equal weights of SCEs will be more accurate than those of non‐equal weights of SCEs. Otherwise, non‐equal weights of SCEs are more suitable for MCEs. However, for lead times longer than 72 h, the above result is not convincing.
Influences of superplasticizers on the basic and drying creep of concrete
Authors: Qian Chunxiang , Zhang Yi , Huang Haoliang , Qu Jun , Guo Jinqiang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe influences of naphthalene‐based plasticizers and polycarboxylate acid/salt superplasticizers on the creep of concrete, including basic creep and drying creep, were investigated. The internal relative humidity and pore structure of concrete and the surface tension of the pore solution were tested. The results show that polycarboxylate acid/salt superplasticizers refine capillary pores in concrete and reduce the surface tension of the pore solution, and also restrain internal moisture transmission and redistribution. As a result, creep of the concrete is reduced. Compared with naphthalene‐based plasticizer, polycarboxylate acid/salt superplasticizer causes a greater reduction of drying creep, but a smaller reduction of basic creep. This is because the moisture redistribution is quite feeble and quickly balanced in a sealed condition. Concrete with polycarboxylate acid/salt superplasticizer has the lowest creep value because polycarboxylate acid/salt superplasticizer improves the degree of hydration and reduces the porosity of macro pores.
Use of double decidual sac sign to confirm intrauterine pregnancy location prior to sonographic visualization of embryonic contents
Authors: Richardson A. , Hopkisson J. , Campbell B. , Raine‐Fenning N. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of the double decidual sac sign (DDSS) for predicting an intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) prior to visualization of embryonic contents, using modern high‐resolution transvaginal sonography (TVS).MethodsThe study was conducted following STARD guidelines and participants were recruited prospectively from Nurture Fertility, Nottingham, UK, following in‐vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment between 1 January 2015 and 31 October 2015. Women were excluded if there was no evidence of intrauterine fluid collection during the index test, a yolk sac or fetal pole was visible during the index test, no outcome data were available or pregnancy location could not be determined by the reference standard. The index test consisted of TVS at 32–34 days' gestation using a high‐frequency transvaginal probe. Reference standard was TVS at 7 weeks' gestation. The outcome of interest was an IUP.ResultsA total of 67 intrauterine fluid collections were observed and included in the analysis, of which 61 exhibited the DDSS and 65 were proven to be IUPs. Two ectopic pregnancies were included, neither of which demonstrated the DDSS. The DDSS therefore had a sensitivity of 93.9% (95% CI, 85.0–98.3%), specificity of 100% (95% CI, 15.8–100%) and overall diagnostic accuracy of 94.0% (95% CI, 88.3–99.7%) for predicting an IUP. The negative likelihood ratio and positive and negative predictive values were 0.06 (95% CI, 0.02–0.16), 100% (95% CI, 94.1–100%) and 33.3% (95% CI, 4.3–77.7%), respectively.ConclusionWith modern high‐resolution TVS, presence of the DDSS can be used to confirm accurately IUP location prior to sonographic visualization of embryonic contents, and therefore to exclude effectively ectopic pregnancy. Absence of the DDSS, however, does not preclude an IUP. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Synthesis of Alkyl Monoglucoside Citric Monoester and Properties of Its Sodium Salt
Authors: Jin Zhu , Zhang Jun , Yang Xiuquan , Zhou Yuan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA series of disodium alkyl monoglucoside citric monoesters (AG‐EC) were synthesized with an indirect method using glucosides, lauryl/decyl/octyl alcohol and citric acid. The structure and composition of the synthesized surfactants were defined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The surface properties, foaming ability and wetting ability were investigated. AG‐EC surfactants exhibited excellent water solubility which eliminated the defect of long‐chain alkyl glucoside. All three surfactants showed high surface activities. AG12‐EC and AG10‐EC showed remarkable foaming abilities in distilled water and hard water. Aqueous solutions of AG‐EC surfactants spread slowly on a parafilm surface.
Academic well‐being and smoking among 14‐ to 17‐year‐old schoolchildren in six European cities
Authors: Kinnunen Jaana M. , Lindfors Pirjo , Rimpelä Arja , Salmela‐Aro Katariina , Rathmann Katharina , Perelman Julian , Federico Bruno , Richter Matthias , Kunst Anton E. , Lorant Vincent 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIt is well established that poor academic performance is related to smoking, but the association between academic well‐being and smoking is less known. We measured academic well‐being by school burnout and schoolwork engagement and studied their associations with smoking among 14‐ to 17‐year‐old schoolchildren in Belgium, Germany, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, and Portugal. A classroom survey (2013 SILNE survey, N = 11,015) was conducted using the Short School Burnout Inventory and the Schoolwork Engagement Inventory. Logistic regression, generalized linear mixed models, and ANOVA were used. Low schoolwork engagement and high school burnout increased the odds for daily smoking in all countries. Academic performance was correlated with school burnout and schoolwork engagement, and adjusting for it slightly decreased the odds for smoking. Adjusting for socioeconomic factors and school level had little effect. Although high school burnout and low schoolwork engagement correlate with low academic performance, they are mutually independent risk factors for smoking.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Thermo-Viscoelastic Half-Space due to Thermal Shock in Temperature-Rate-Dependent Thermoelasticity
Authors: Kumar S. , Sikka J. S. , Choudhary S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe present paper is aimed at studying the effects of viscosity and time on the propagation of thermoelastic waves in a homogeneous and isotropic three-dimensional medium whose surface is acted upon by a thermal load under the purview of temperature-rate-dependent thermoelasticity. The normal mode analysis technique has been employed to solve the resulting non-dimensional coupled field equations and hence the exact expressions for displacement component, stress, temperature field and strain are obtained. The problem is further illustrated by computing the numerical values of the field variables for a copper- like material and depicting them graphically. Numerical results predict finite speed of propagation for thermoelastic waves.
Meal patterns across ten European countries – results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study
Authors: Huseinovic E , Winkvist A , Slimani N , Park MK , Freisling H , Boeing H , Buckland G , Schwingshackl L , Weiderpass E , Rostgaard-Hansen AL , Tjønneland A , Affret A , Boutron-Ruault MC , Fagherazzi G , Katzke V , Kühn T , Naska A , Orfanos P , Trichopoulou A , Pala V , Palli D , Ricceri F , Santucci de Magistris M , Tumino R , Engeset D , Enget T , Skeie G , Barricarte A , Bonet CB , Chirlaque MD , Amiano P , Quirós JR , Sánchez MJ , Dias JA , Drake I , Wennberg M , Boer JMA , Ocké MC , Verschuren WMM , Lassale C , Perez-Cornago A , Riboli E , Ward H , Forslund H Bertéus 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize meal patterns across ten European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study.DesignCross-sectional study utilizing dietary data collected through a standardized 24 h diet recall during 1995–2000. Eleven predefined intake occasions across a 24 h period were assessed during the interview. In the present descriptive report, meal patterns were analysed in terms of daily number of intake occasions, the proportion reporting each intake occasion and the energy contributions from each intake occasion.SettingTwenty-seven centres across ten European countries.SubjectsWomen (64 %) and men (36 %) aged 35–74 years (n 36 020).ResultsPronounced differences in meal patterns emerged both across centres within the same country and across different countries, with a trend for fewer intake occasions per day in Mediterranean countries compared with central and northern Europe. Differences were also found for daily energy intake provided by lunch, with 38–43 % for women and 41–45 % for men within Mediterranean countries compared with 16–27 % for women and 20–26 % for men in central and northern European countries. Likewise, a south–north gradient was found for daily energy intake from snacks, with 13–20 % (women) and 10–17 % (men) in Mediterranean countries compared with 24–34 % (women) and 23–35 % (men) in central/northern Europe.ConclusionsWe found distinct differences in meal patterns with marked diversity for intake frequency and lunch and snack consumption between Mediterranean and central/northern European countries. Monitoring of meal patterns across various cultures and populations could provide critical context to the research efforts to characterize relationships between dietary intake and health.
The Political Economy of Support for Sharia: Evidence from the Russian North Caucasus
Authors: Dzutsati Valery , Siroky David , Dzutsev Khasan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMany scholars have argued that orthodox Muslims harbor attitudes that are more economically communitarian and politically illiberal, since individuals are seen as embedded within a larger community that places a premium on social order. Yet most studies have ignored the potential of Islam as an ideological platform for political reformers. Religion in general and Islam in particular has mostly been treated as a predictor rather than a derivative of political-economic preferences. This article suggests that, in the absence of credible secular political ideologies and representative political mechanisms, reformist-minded individuals are likely to use religion as a political platform for change. When Muslims are a minority in a repressive non-Muslim society, Islamic orthodoxy can serve as a political platform for politically and economically liberal forces. We test these conjectures with original micro-level data from the Russian North Caucasus and find strong support for them.
Meno’s Paradox and the Prior Knowledge Requirement
Authors: Bronstein David 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This chapter examines Plato’s presentation of Meno’s Paradox in the Meno and Aristotle’s reference to it in Posterior Analytics 1.1. It also discusses a crucial claim closely connected to the puzzle: the Prior Knowledge Requirement for intellectual learning. Meno 80d4–e5 is examined, and the differences and similarities between Meno’s puzzle and Socrates’s dilemma are discussed. Some key terms and concepts in Aristotle’s theory of knowledge and learning are then defined, including ‘learning’ (mathēsis) and ‘knowledge’ (gnōsis). The connection between the general concept of knowledge (gnōsis) and its different species (including scientific knowledge (epistēmē)) is also examined. The chapter ends with an account of the instance of Meno’s Paradox in Posterior Analytics 1.1.
Inquiry in APo 2.2
Authors: Bronstein David 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This chapter closely examines Aristotle’s account of inquiry in Posterior Analytics 2.2. It discusses Aristotle’s claim that when one searches for any of the four objects of inquiry introduced in Posterior Analytics 2.1 (‘the fact that’, ‘the reason why’, ‘if it is’, ‘what it is’), one is (ideally) seeking a ‘middle term’ (i.e., a cause). The distinction made in the previous chapter between subject- and attribute-focused inquiries is examined in light of Aristotle’s claim about the middle term. A further distinction is drawn between two types of essence for which one might seek: causally complex essences (of the form A–C because of B), which belong to demonstrable attributes; and causally simple essences (of the form GD1…Dn), which belong to ‘subject-kinds’ (i.e., species and genera). The chapter also discusses an instance of Meno’s Paradox that arises from Aristotle’s account of inquiry in Posterior Analytics 2.2.
Did Rapid Smallholder-Led Agricultural Growth Fail to Reduce Rural Poverty? Making Sense of Malawi’s Poverty Puzzle
Authors: Pauw Karl , Beck Ulrik , Mussa Richard 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Poverty reduction is a primary development goal in Malawi. While a variety of policy interventions and strategies have sought to reduce poverty, the most significant policy intervention in recent years has been the Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP). FISP provides heavily subsidized fertilizer and other farm inputs to poor smallholders. Although the programme is primarily designed to address food security through increasing maize yields, its significant burden on public resources has meant that the programme’s wider impact on growth and poverty reduction has also been closely scrutinized as it is believed to crowd out other government interventions. Malawi’s recent growth performance has been remarkable. Official national accounts data reveal strong growth across all economic sectors during 2005–11. However, the authors find that the extreme poverty rate has increased marginally, suggesting that the most vulnerable continue to be excluded from the benefits of economic policy and growth.
Utility-Consistent Poverty in Madagascar, 2001–10
Authors: Stifel David , Razafimanantena Tiaray , Rakotomanana Faly 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Arndt and Simler’s utility-consistent approach to calculating poverty lines is used to analyse poverty in Madagascar in 2001, 2005, and 2010. Because two major political crises occurred between the survey periods, the snapshots of national poverty rising from 57.8 per cent in 2001 to 59.1 per cent in 2005, and to 61.7 per cent in 2010, are not necessarily indicative of a trend of persistently rising poverty. Complementary data indicate that in the time periods between the shocks, the well-being of the poor improved. This evidence suggests that poverty estimates for Madagascar from nationally representative household surveys are more a reflection of repeated short-term shocks than of long-term trends due to slow recovery from these shocks.
Growth and Poverty in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Mahrt Kristi , Nanivazo Malokele 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
After years of economic decline, conflict, and instability, the Democratic Republic of Congo achieved rapid economic growth in the 2000s along with a reduction in rural consumption poverty. This chapter evaluates the extent to which recent growth has been accompanied by improvements in multidimensional child welfare using Arndt et al.’s first-order dominance approach applied to Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and Demographic and Health Surveys. Though results do not indicate broad-based welfare advancement at the national, urban, or rural levels, they do suggest progress within individual provinces. The authors provide a broader understanding of welfare in the DRC through an analysis of the distribution and evolution of multidimensional welfare for the eleven provinces, beginning with a review of growth and consumption poverty trends. Despite improving economic conditions, high positive growth has not yet translated to corresponding reductions in consumption poverty and the majority of the population remains in a fragile position.
Unacknowledged Legislators
Authors: Pearson Roger 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This chapter introduces the figure of the poet as lawgiver by focusing initially on Shelley’s famous definition of poets as ‘unacknowledged legislators of the World’ in his Defence of Poetry (1821). Following discussion of Thomas Love Peacock’s essay on ‘The Four Ages of Poetry’, to which the Defence is a reply, the chapter analyses Shelley’s arguments in detail. It then looks back to Plato’s views on the public role of the poet, especially in his Republic and the Laws, and forward to Adrienne Rich’s account of poets as ‘unacknowledged legislators’ within a twenty-first-century context. This is followed by discussion of the fundamental tension—already present in the ancient Greek concept of the nomos and implicit in the ambiguity of the English term ‘lawgiver’—between the poet as Moses, who receives and communicates the Law, and the poet as Orpheus, who creates order and ‘lawfulness’.
The Poet as Lawgiver in Post-Revolutionary France
Authors: Pearson Roger 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Against the broader picture of ‘unacknowledged legislators’ outlined in Chapter 1 the focus now narrows onto the role of poet as lawgiver in post-revolutionary France. This chapter considers in detail the critical work of Paul Bénichou (1908–2001), whose classic, multi-volume account of the writer as lay priest in French Romanticism is summarized and critiqued. This is followed by discussion of other critical accounts of the poet in nineteenth-century France: most notably that of José-Luis Diaz, author of L’Écrivain imaginaire (2007), whose approach directly challenges that of Bénichou, but also those of Claude Abastado (1979) and Jacques Rancière (1998). The chapter closes by setting out the objectives of the present study.