bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Did Gause Have a Yeast Infection?
Authors: Pritchard Jonathon O. , Porter Alice H.M. , Montagnes David J.S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe planned to develop predator–prey models using Paramecium and yeast, but they have not been empirically examined since work by Gause in the 1930s. Therefore, we evaluated if Paramecium aurelia ingests and grows on eight yeasts. Recognising that it ingested yeasts but could not grow, we assessed if it might grow on other yeasts, by empirically parameterising a predator–prey model that relies on ingestion, not growth. Simulations were compared to P. aurelia‐yeast time‐series data, from Gause. We hypothesised that if the model simulated predator–prey dynamics that mimicked the original data, then possibly P. aurelia could grow on yeast; simulations did not mimic the original data. Reviewing works by Gause exposed two issues: experiments were undoubtedly contaminated with bacteria, allowing growth on bacteria, not yeast; and the population cycle data cannot be considered a self‐sustaining time series, as they were manipulated by adding yeast and ciliates. We conclude that past and future work should not rely on this system, for either empirical or theoretical evaluations. Finally, although we show that P. aurelia, P. caudatum, Euplotes patella, and Blepharisma sp. cannot grow on yeast, Tetrahymena pyriformis and Colpidium striatum can; these may provide models to explore predator–prey dynamics.
Relational coordination among home healthcare professions and goal attainment in nursing care
Authors: Sakai Mahiro , Naruse Takashi , Nagata Satoko 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo examine whether interprofessional coordination is related to goal attainment in home visit nursing care.MethodsSelf‐administered questionnaire surveys were administered to home visit nursing agencies in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, from July to December 2014. Nurses evaluated their interprofessional coordination with professional groups (nursing colleague and managers, home doctors, care managers, home care workers, visiting therapists, day service and day care professionals, visiting bath professionals, and short stay professionals) using the Japanese version of the Relational Coordination Scale (RCS‐J). Goal attainment across all clients during the most recent 3 months was measured with a rating scale ranging from incompletely attained (0) to completely attained (10). Data were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 83 nurses in 14 agencies responded, and data from 74 nurses were analyzed. The mean RCS‐J and goal attainment scores were 3.59 (standard deviation = 0.47) and 6.51 (1.40), respectively. The RCS‐J scores of the low and high goal attainment groups were 3.41 (0.46) and 3.73 (0.42), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that RCS‐J scores were positively associated with goal attainment (odds ratio, 5.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.65–19.79).ConclusionThe finding of this study suggest that well‐coordinated professionals may fulfill client needs better than poorly coordinated professionals do. Future research is needed to determine whether similar results are obtained in individual clients using a well‐validated goal attainment scale.
A Content Analysis of Quantitative Research in Journal of Marital and Family Therapy: A 10‐Year Review
Authors: Parker Elizabeth O. , Chang Jennifer , Thomas Volker 
Published: January 2016

We examined the trends of quantitative research over the past 10 years in the Journal of Marital and Family Therapy (JMFT). Specifically, within the JMFT, we investigated the types and trends of research design and statistical analysis within the quantitative research that was published in JMFT from 2005 to 2014. We found that while the amount of peer‐reviewed articles have increased over time, the percentage of quantitative research has remained constant. We discussed the types and trends of statistical analysis and the implications for clinical work and training programs in the field of marriage and family therapy.
Stroke among African‐Caribbean women: lay beliefs of risks and causes
Authors: Moorley Calvin , Cahill Sharon , Corcoran Nova 
Published: January 2016

Aims and ObjectivesTo investigate African Caribbean women's subjective accounts of stroke and how this impacted on their lives and identify beliefs attributed to the causes of stroke in this post stroke.BackgroundIn the UK, those from African or African Caribbean ethnicity are at an increased risk of stroke, and stroke risks are double that of the UK White population. This is because diabetes and hypertension are more common in those of African and African Caribbean ethnic groups. The main risk factors for stroke are high blood pressure, alongside obesity and overweight, poor diet and lack of physical activity.DesignA qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis.MethodsData were collected via semi‐structured indepth interviews for six African Caribbean women. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to deconstruct the data and facilitate developing themes.ResultsSix semi‐structured interviews were completed with women aged 47–85 years. Two themes emerged (1) the role of lifestyle and biological risk factors linked to the causes of stroke and (2) the role of spirituality, in identifying the lay beliefs and causes of stroke.ConclusionAlternative explanations of the causes of stroke that include witchcraft, or wishing someone wrong suggests a lack of perceived control over stroke. This may suggest a focus on less visible risk factors such as hypertension, familial history or diabetes and will need inclusion in health promotion materials. Lay beliefs such as witchcraft can co‐exist amicably alongside modern medicine, as long as they do not hinder access to medication, treatment or risk factor management of stroke.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results demonstrated that nursing care and health promotion materials should emphasise on obesity, overweight and management of these through diet and physical activity to prevent stroke occurring.
Waiting for a kidney transplant: the experience of patients with end‐stage renal disease in South Korea
Authors: Chong Hye Jin , Kim Hyun Kyung , Kim Sung Reul , Lee Sik 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore the experiences of Korean patients with end‐stage renal disease awaiting kidney transplantation.BackgroundThe need for kidney transplantation has increased worldwide, while the number of kidney donors has not increased commensurately. This mismatch is a serious issue in South Korea. Prolonged waits for transplantation may cause physical and psychosocial issues and lead to poor outcomes. Nevertheless, the experience of waiting for kidney transplantation in South Korea has never been explored in depth.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used.MethodsThe participants were eight patients diagnosed with end‐stage renal disease on the waiting list for kidney transplantation in South Korea. Data were collected through individual in‐depth interviews. All conversations during interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcribed data were analysed using conventional content analysis.ResultsThe experience of waiting for kidney transplantation consisted of six categories: (1) the light at the end of the tunnel, (2) being on call without any promise, (3) a tough tug of war between excitement and frustration, (4) doubts in the complexity, (5) A companion on the hard journey and (6) getting ready for D‐day.ConclusionsKidney transplantation candidates experience psychosocial difficulties and concerns while waiting for long periods of time without any assurance of resolution. Systematic education and psychosocial support from health care professionals and family members help patients get through what they describe as a difficult journey. Comprehensive management programs for kidney transplantation candidates are needed.Relevance to clinical practiceHealth care professionals need to recognise the psychosocial concerns of patients awaiting kidney transplantation. Clinicians should provide patients with information and support throughout the waiting period.
Improving the postoperative handover process in the intensive care unit of a tertiary teaching hospital
Authors: Yang Jian‐Guo , Zhang Jun 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to improve the postoperative handover process and immediate postoperative patient outcomes. The objective was to implement a postoperative handover protocol in the neurosurgical intensive care unit of a tertiary teaching hospital.BackgroundPostoperative handover is a multidisciplinary collaborative medical activity that involves information transfer, sequenced tasks and high‐quality teamwork. Evidence suggests that a lack of a standardised postoperative handover protocol adversely influences care quality and potentially compromises patient safety. As there is a lack of such protocols in China, there is an identified need for improvement.DesignThis was a pretest/post‐test study with follow‐up after three months.MethodsA postoperative handover protocol that included a postoperative handover checklist, a standardised handover pathway and core team member involvement was developed based on research evidence and expert opinions and was then implemented and evaluated.ResultsFollowing the implementation of this protocol, improved teamwork was achieved, surgeons were more frequently present at bedside handovers, the rate of transferring key messages increased, the rate of ventilator weaning within the first six hours of neurosurgical intensive care unit admission increased, and the ventilation duration per patient decreased without any clinical incident occurring in the first 24 hours after neurosurgical intensive care unit admission.ConclusionsFollowing the implementation of a tailored standardised handover protocol, communication, teamwork and short‐term patient outcomes were improved.Relevance to clinical practiceThis clinically based research highlights the need for policy makers and administrators to create unit‐specific protocols for improving postoperative handovers.
Texture Quality of Candied Fruits as Influenced by Osmotic Dehydration Agents
Authors: Vilela Alice , Sobreira Carla , Abraão Ana S. , Lemos André M. , Nunes Fernando M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCandied fruits produced with healthier ingredients for obtaining low glycemic index, low energy and/or dietary fiber enriched products were develop by substituting the traditionally used osmotic dehydration sugars sucrose and glucose by fructose, sorbitol, maltitol, fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides. Quality of candied fruits was evaluated chemically, rheologically and sensorially. For all fruits the final composition was dependent on the osmotic dehydration agent used and, in all cases, the final composition show that fruits can be impregnated successfully with the healthier ingredients.Each of the different osmotic dehydration agents significantly influenced the texture and sensorial profile of the candied fruits, but the changes were dependent on the fruits, with the texture and sensorial quality of some products being better and other poorer than the commercial candied fruits. For all fruits tested, the osmotic dehydration agent sorbitol imprinted peculiar characteristics. The chemical composition of the final products show that candied fruits obtained with these alternative osmotic dehydration agents are suitable healthier alternatives of the traditional candied fruits. Still, only a consumer's trial would assess the palatability of the different fruits/osmotic dehydration agents tested.Practical ApplicationsOne of the main objectives of food processing is the preservation of perishable foods. Candying of fruits results in a decrease of water activity by osmotic dehydration, prolonging fruits shelf‐life. This process changes the textural and sensorial properties but also has an impact on its dietary value, due to sucrose and glucose used in candying, accused for being responsible for various illness. Therefore, the candying industry is looking for substitutes, those so called “healthy ingredients” that can be used for osmotic dehydration and yield products with similar or even better quality properties (structural, textural and organoleptic). Fructose, sorbitol, maltitol, and dietary fiber oligosaccharides, are possible candidates for substitution of sucrose in the candying industry. With this work we aim to increase the knowledge about modifications at the textural and sensorial level occurring on these fruits after the candying process to adequately control candying and improve the quality of candied fruits.
A Length–Weight Relationship for Pond‐raised Hybrid Catfish Fingerlings
Authors: Brown Travis W. , Mischke Charles C. , Roy Luke A. , Li Menghe H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA length–weight relationship was developed for pond‐raised hybrid catfish fingerlings, Ictalurus punctatus × Ictalurus furcatus. A total of 4663 fish were sampled ranging from 20 to 240 mm total length. Predicted weight (g) from length (mm) is based on the equation: Y = 0.000017311X2.868474309 (r2 = 0.996) where Y is the estimated individual fish weight and X is measured total length. The predicted values generated by this model differ from, but follow the same general trends seen with channel catfish, I. punctatus, fingerlings and can be used as a baseline for the development of a length–weight table for hybrid catfish fingerling production.
Early Innate Immune Response of Mannose‐binding Lectin and Lysozyme in Juvenile Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus
Authors: Raghu Deepthi , Ourth Donald D. , Peterson Brain C. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTInnate immune proteins mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) and lysozyme were studied in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, during two consecutive years at 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 mos of age. Both groups maintained in indoor tanks in light/dark photoperiod at mean temperature 27 C. Dot‐blot enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for MBL and turbidometry lysozyme assay done to quantify the two innate proteins and means determined for two consecutive years. An increase in mean MBL was seen in 4‐mo catfish (26.9 ± 0.8 µg/mL) when compared with all other age groups. A decrease in mean MBL was seen in 6‐ and 9‐mo catfish when compared with all other age groups. Both 2‐mo (21 ± 1.4 µg/mL) and 12‐mo (19.9 ± 0.4 µg/mL) catfish were very similar in mean MBL concentrations. The greatest increase in mean lysozyme was seen at 4 mo (15 ± 5.0 µg/mL). Juvenile channel catfish could produce lysozyme at 2 mo equivalent to lysozyme concentrations found in 9‐ and 12‐mo catfish. The greatest increases for MBL and lysozyme were seen in 4‐mo catfish. Mean total protein of 26.7 mg/mL and mean albumin/globulin ratio of 0.7 were found for the two groups of channel catfish sera.
Digestibility of Glandless Cottonseed Protein in Diets for Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Siccardi Anthony J. , Richardson Cristina M. , Dowd Michael K. , Wedegaertner Tom C. , Samocha Tzachi M. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTAccurate digestibility coefficients for protein, energy, and lipid are needed by feed formulators to optimize diets to meet nutritional requirements and to substitute ingredients cost‐effectively. Of particular interest is protein, which accounts for the majority of shrimp feed content and expense. The current study evaluated seven cottonseed meal and protein products. Most of the samples were derived from a glandless cotton variety that lacks significant levels of the antinutritive compound, gossypol. The various protein fractions were evaluated for apparent crude protein, crude lipid, and energy digestibility when fed to juvenile Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Apparent energy digestibility for the protein fractions derived from the glandless seed ranged from 76.7% for ground kernels to 94.6% for protein isolate, and these values were greater than the value obtained for the commercial meal that contained gossypol (64%). Apparent protein digestibility for the six glandless‐cotton‐based samples varied from 72.3% for the ground full‐fat kernels to 94.1% for the protein isolate, and these values were mostly higher than the value obtained for the commercial meal (82.3%). The high apparent digestibility values demonstrate that low‐gossypol cottonseed protein products may be useful as a cost‐effective replacement for more expensive protein sources in L. vannamei diets.
Biosecurity Versus Profits: A Multiobjective Model for the Aquaculture Industry
Authors: Dresdner Jorge , Estay Manuel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this study, we measure the value of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits. For this, we model the short‐run trade‐off between biosecurity and profits in the aquaculture industry. Incorporating the concept of “sanitary desirable volume (SDV)” for the salmon industry, we optimize a multiobjective model using base information from the Los Lagos region in Chile and identify a Pareto frontier. Within this setting, we analyze the shadow price of one objective in terms of the other, the effect of changes in the administrative regulations that limit fish density in the farms and the effect of prices on the Pareto frontier. We find that the effect of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits is quantitatively important and that this effect is dependent on both the level of sanitary restrictions and the relative product prices. This has important implications for the design of sanitary restrictions in aquaculture. The level of the SDV should be determined carefully to avoid costly excess regulation. Moreover, market conditions can also affect the optimal level of regulation.
The Boundaries of Property: Complexity, Relationality, and Spatiality
Authors: Blomley Nicholas 
Published: January 2016

What does the property boundary mean to laypersons? How do everyday geographies of property work? Merrill and Smith offer an influential set of hypotheses concerning the boundary's role in communicating simple messages of exclusion in the everyday world. The first goal of this article is to assess these claims. Drawing from qualitative data on gardening from Vancouver, I suggest that the messages of the boundary may also be complex, intersubjective, and ambiguous. The supposedly robust moral intuitions that inform people's interactions with boundaries are not always exclusionary.Drawing from the sharp distinction between the heterogeneity of the empirical record and the studied simplicity of Merrill and Smith's account, my second goal is to make some broader claims regarding property and the boundary. Rather than seeking universality, simplicity, and singularity, I suggest the necessity and value of working with complexity. A relational view of property and space (or “spatiality”), I suggest, offers us a better perspective in which to begin to think about the complex work of the everyday property boundary.
Scraping and extirpating: two strategies to induce recovery of diseased Gorgonia ventalina sea fans
Authors: Ruiz‐Diaz Claudia Patricia , Toledo‐Hernández Carlos , Mercado‐Molina Alex E. , Sabat Alberto M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCoral diseases are currently playing a major role in the worldwide decline in coral reef integrity. One of the coral species most afflicted by disease in the Caribbean, and which has been the focus of much research, is the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina. There is, however, very little information regarding the capacity of sea fans to recover after being infected. The aim of this study was to compare the rehabilitation capacity of G. ventalina after diseased‐induced lesions were eliminated either by scraping or extirpating the affected area. Scraping consisted of removing any organisms overgrowing the axial skeleton from the diseased area as well as the purple tissue bordering these overgrowths using metal bristle brushes. Extirpation consisted of cutting the diseased area, including the surrounding purpled tissue, using scissors. The number of scraped colonies that fully or partially rehabilitated after being manipulated and the rates at which the sea fans whose lesions were scrapped grew back healthy tissue were compared among: (i) colonies that inhabited two sites with contrasting environmental conditions; (ii) colonies of different sizes and (iii) colonies with different ratios of area of legions to total colony area (LA/CA). Both strategies proved to be very successful in eliminating lesions from sea fans. In the case of scraping, over 51% of the colonies recovered between 80% and 100% of the lost tissue within 16 months. The number of colonies that recovered from scraping was similar among sites and among colony sizes, but differed significantly depending on the relative amount of lesion to colony area (LA/CA). When lesions were extirpated, lesions did not reappear in any of the colonies. We conclude that lesion scraping is useful for eliminating relatively small lesions (i.e. LA/CA < 10%), as these are likely to recover in a shorter period of time, whereas for relatively large lesions (LA/CA ≥ 10%) it is more appropriate to extirpate the lesion.
Characterization of the Ca2+‐responsive signaling pathway in regulating the expression and secretion of cellulases in Trichoderma reesei Rut‐C30
Authors: Chen Ling , Zou Gen , Wang Jingzhi , Wang Jin , Liu Rui , Jiang Yanping , Zhao Guoping , Zhou Zhihua 
Published: January 2016

SummaryCalcium signaling plays pivotal roles in the hyphal growth, conidiation, and osmosis sensitivity of fungi through the Ca2+/calmodulin‐calcineurin‐dependent pathway. This study found that an appropriate extracellular Ca2+ concentration markedly stimulated the hyphal growth, cellulase production, and total protein secretion of the cellulase hyper‐producing strain, Trichoderma reesei Rut‐C30. Transcription analysis revealed upregulation of not only encoding genes of cellulases and the transcriptional activator XYR1 but also several genes encoding endoplasmic reticulum‐chaperones after Ca2+ addition. The function of CRZ1, T. reesei calcineurin‐responsive zinc finger transcription factor 1, was further characterized by gene disruption. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) in combination with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) verified that CRZ1 could bind directly to the upstream regions of xyr1 and cbh1 (cellobiohydrolase I‐encoding gene) in response to Ca2+. A DNase I footprinting assay identified its putative binding consensus site (5′‐[T/G]GGCG‐3′ or 5′‐GGGC[G/T]‐3′). EMSAs confirmed that CRZ1 competed for occupancy of the xyr1 promoter with another transcription factor, ACE1. These results revealed putative signaling pathways downstream of calcineurin in response to extracellular Ca2+ involved in upregulation of cellulose degradation‐related genes, reflecting progress in the study of Ca2+ signaling in filamentous fungi. This study also provides insight that will facilitate further improvement of (hemi‐)cellulase production by T. reesei.