bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rooftop PV Potential Determined by Backward Ray Tracing: A Case Study for the German Regions of Berlin, Cologne, and Hanover
Authors: Schlemminger Marlon , Bredemeier Dennis , Mahner Alexander , Niepelt Raphael , Breitner Michael H. , Brendel Rolf 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPhotovoltaics (PV) on building rooftops is a major contributor to the decarbonization of energy systems. We simulate the PV energy yield potential for 2.5 million individual roofs in three German regions. We cumulate the results for each single roof to calculate the cost‐potential curves for the three cities Berlin, Cologne, and Hanover. These curves give the amount of electricity that can be generated at less than a given cost per kWh. We find that these curves have the shape of a hockey stick. Neglecting the dependence of PV investment on building size and thus on the system sizes causes largely different cost‐potential curves that differ by 11%–18% for flat roofs due to their heterogeneous building size distribution. The cost‐potential curves of the three cities are very similar when appropriately normalized, for example, by the local solar irradiation and the settlement area of the city, despite substantial variations in population density. This allows for an extrapolation of our results. For Germany, we reveal an upper limit for the total electricity generation from rooftop PV of 762 TWh/a with cost as low as 6.9 ct/kWh without accounting for area losses due to chimneys, air conditioning systems, and so forth. We estimate the actual potential to be at least half of that figure.
The Chinese metaverse: An analysis of China's policy agenda for extended reality (XR)
Authors: Gray Joanne E. , Tang Wenjia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper explores China's strategic embrace of extended reality (XR) technologies within its digital economy policy framework. Through a content analysis of 45 Chinese government documents, we show how China has positioned XR—which encompasses augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR)—within the nation's innovation for economic growth strategy. Our findings reveal that China's policy agenda for XR is strikingly ambitious, with expected applications across a range of sectors, from medicine to manufacturing. Understanding China's policy agenda for XR broadens current knowledge of the global XR economy, which has, in Western scholarship, predominantly focused on the activities, interests and governance of large US firms. Our analysis also elucidates what is arguably an under‐appreciated aspect of China's digital sovereignty agenda, with important implications for the future of digital geopolitics and a variety of stakeholders—from policymakers to end‐users.
Improved functional interval observer for mecanum‐wheels omnidirectional automated guided vehicle
Authors: Huang Jun , Li Changjie , Sun Yuan , Raïssi Tarek 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article presents a study of interval estimation approach based on functional interval observers for mecanum‐wheels omnidirectional automated guided vehicle (MOAGV). In the context of MOAGV, the nonlinear system in discrete time incorporates model uncertainty and unknown bounded disturbances. A functional observer is developed by integrating terminal sliding mode and techniques, aiming to reduce the impact of lumped disturbances/uncertainties. Additionally, a novel observer structure is introduced to increase the degrees of freedom in the design process. Subsequently, the linear function bounds are obtained using the reachability analysis of the estimation error. Finally, the performance of the improved functional interval observer is demonstrated by numerical simulations.
Is Chinese Dyslexia Similar Across Chinese Societies? Evidence from Hong Kong, Beijing, and Taipei
Authors: Cheah Zebedee Rui En , McBride Catherine , Meng Xiangzhi , Lee Jun Ren , Huo Shuting 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhile previous research has documented the unique aspects of Chinese dyslexia as compared to dyslexia in alphabetic scripts, it remains unclear whether the difference in Chinese literacy experiences influences the manifestation of Chinese dyslexia. The present article first reviews the characteristics of Chinese languages and scripts, including important cognitive‐linguistic correlates (rapid automatized naming, phonological, orthographic, and morphological awareness) of Chinese reading development and impairment. The diversity in Chinese literacy experiences of scripts, languages, and instructional practices, and consequently their impact on Chinese literacy acquisition across different Chinese societies are also reviewed. Using an equivalent Chinese assessment battery administered to 91 children with dyslexia from Hong Kong, Beijing, and Taipei, we examined the subtypes of Chinese dyslexia across these three societies concurrently. With the four cognitive‐linguistic skills included as the clustering variable, the hierarchical cluster analysis revealed four cognitive subtypes of dyslexia: 38% mild orthographic deficit subtype (OD), 33% phonological deficit subtype (PD), 18% morphological deficit subtype (MD), and 11% global deficit subtype (GD)—each with their own set of cognitive‐linguistic deficit profiles. Interestingly, all four subtypes of dyslexia manifested poorer orthographic skills as compared to the control group. Bayesian Analysis of Contingency Table further showed that the distribution of dyslexia subtypes remains similar across the three Chinese societies, suggesting invariance of the Chinese dyslexia construct. Findings highlight the importance of assessment in orthographic processing, rapid automatized naming, phonological awareness, and morphological awareness in order to understand Chinese dyslexia, both in a within and cross‐cultural Chinese perspective.
Early spectral dynamics are indicative of distinct growth patterns in post‐wildfire forests
Authors: Smith‐Tripp Sarah , Coops Nicholas C. , Mulverhill Christopher , White Joanne C. , Gergel Sarah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWestern North America has seen a recent dramatic increase in large and often high‐severity wildfires. After forest fire, understanding patterns of structural recovery is important, as recovery patterns impact critical ecosystem services. Continuous forest monitoring provided by satellite observations is particularly beneficial to capture the pivotal post‐fire period when forest recovery begins. However, it is challenging to optimize optical satellite imagery to both interpolate current and extrapolate future forest structure and composition. We identified a need to understand how early spectral dynamics (5 years post‐fire) inform patterns of structural recovery after fire disturbance. To create these structural patterns, we collected metrics of forest structure using high‐density Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPAS) lidar (light detection and ranging). We employed a space‐for‐time substitution in the highly fire‐disturbed forests of interior British Columbia. In this region, we collected RPAS lidar and corresponding field plot data 5‐, 8‐, 11‐,12‐, and 16‐years postfire to predict structural attributes relevant to management, including the percent bare ground, the proportion of coniferous trees, stem density, and basal area. We compared forest structural attributes with unique early spectral responses, or trajectories, derived from Landsat time series data 5 years after fire. A total of eight unique spectral recovery trajectories were identified from spectral responses of seven vegetation indices (NBR, NDMI, NDVI, TCA, TCB, TCG, and TCW) that described five distinct patterns of structural recovery captured with RPAS lidar. Two structural patterns covered more than 80% of the study area. Both patterns had strong coniferous regrowth, but one had a higher basal area with more bare ground and the other pattern had a high stem density, but a low basal area and a higher deciduous proportion. Our approach highlights the ability to use early spectral responses to capture unique spectral trajectories and their associated distinct structural recovery patterns.
Promoting sustainable practices through green investments in the United Kingdom real estate industry
Authors: Akin Isik , Akin Meryem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to examine how sustainable practices in the UK real estate industry are impacted by green investments through qualitative research, focusing on interviews with developers. The findings reveal that regulatory frameworks, market demand, financial incentives, corporate responsibility, and technological innovation are crucial factors in sustainable practices. There is a growing consumer demand for sustainable properties, supported by financial incentives like grants, tax credits, and green finance mechanisms such as green bonds. These bonds play a crucial role in promoting sustainable building practices, including energy‐efficient design and renewable energy integration. The research highlights motivators for stakeholders to participate in sustainability initiatives, including financial benefits, regulatory compliance, reputation, and consumer demand, despite challenges like perceived higher costs and regulatory hurdles. This research highlights specific implications for policymakers to design effective regulatory frameworks and incentives, investors to prioritize green investments through mechanisms like green bonds, and industry professionals to enhance corporate responsibility and meet growing consumer demand for sustainable properties.
Plasmonic Particle Integration into Near‐Infrared Photodetectors and Photoactivated Gas Sensors: Toward Sustainable Next‐Generation Ubiquitous Sensing
Authors: Schlicke Hendrik , Maletz Roman , Dornack Christina , Fery Andreas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrent challenges in environmental science, medicine, food chemistry as well as the emerging use of artificial intelligence for solving problems in these fields require distributed, local sensing. Such ubiquitous sensing requires components with 1) high sensitivity, 2) power efficiency, 3) miniaturizability, and 4) the ability to directly interface with electronic circuitry, i.e., electronic readout of sensing signals. Over the recent years, several nanoparticle‐based approaches have found their way into this field and have demonstrated high performance. However, challenges remain, such as the toxicity of many of today's narrow bandgap semiconductors for NIR detection and the high energy consumption as well as low selectivity of state‐of‐the‐art commercialized gas sensors. With their unique light‐matter interaction and ink‐based fabrication schemes, plasmonic nanostructures provide potential technological solutions to these challenges, leading also to better environmental performance. In this perspective recent approaches of using plasmonic nanoparticles are discussed for the fabrication of NIR photodetectors and light‐activated, energy‐efficient gas sensing devices. In addition, new strategies implying computational approaches are pointed out for miniaturizable spectrometers, exploiting the wide spectral tunability of plasmonic nanocomposites, and for selective gas sensors, utilizing dynamic light activation. The benefits of colloidal approaches for device fabrication are discussed with regard to technological advantages and environmental aspects, which are barely considered so far.
Ampere‐Level Hydrogen Generation via 1000 H Stable Seawater Electrolysis Catalyzed by Pt‐Cluster‐Loaded NiFeCo Phosphide
Authors: Zhou Linlin , Wan Tong , Zhong Yang , Liu Wei , Yu Linfeng , Li Tianshui , Sun Kai , Waterhouse Geoffrey I.N. , Xu Haijun , Kuang Yun , Zhou Daojin , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSeawater electrolysis can generate carbon‐neutral hydrogen but its efficiency is hindered by the low mass activity and poor stability of commercial catalysts at industrial current densities. Herein, Pt nanoclusters are loaded on nickel‐iron‐cobalt phosphide nanosheets, with the obtained Pt@NiFeCo‐P electrocatalyst exhibiting excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and stability in alkaline seawater at ampere‐level current densities. The catalyst delivers an ultralow HER overpotential of 19.7 mV at −10 mA cm−2 in seawater‐simulating alkaline solutions, along with a Pt‐mass activity 20.8 times higher than Pt/C under the same conditions, while dropping to 8.3 mV upon a five‐fold NaCl concentrated natural seawater. Remarkably, Pt@NiFeCo‐P offers stable operation for over 1000 h at 1 A cm−2 in an alkaline brine electrolyte, demonstrating its potential for efficient and long‐term seawater electrolysis. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and in situ Raman studies revealed fast electron and charge transfer from the NiFeCo‐P substrate to Pt nanoclusters enabled by a strong metal‐support interaction, which increased the coverage of H* and accelerated water dissociation on high valent Co sites. This study represents a significant advancement in the development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts with high mass activity for sustainable hydrogen generation from seawater.
Surface Reconstruction Enhanced Li‐Rich Cathode Materials for Durable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yanshuang , Lu Di , Yun XiaoRu , Wang Jinhui , Song Wenjin , Xie Wei , Zuo LanLan , Zheng Chunman , Xiao Peitao , Chen Yufang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRegulating the distribution of surface elements in lithium‐rich cathode materials can effectively change the electrochemical performance of cathode materials. Considering that the enrichment of Mn element on the surface is the main reason for the irreversible phase transition and dissolution of its surface structure, which in turn is the main reason for performance degradation. Based on the molten salt‐assisted sintering method, a lithium rich cathode material with surface rich Ni and Co is designed and prepared. The surface enrichment of Ni and Co effectively reduces the dissolution of Mn, promotes the occurrence of irreversible collapse of surface structure from layered phase to rock salt phase on the material surface, improves the stability of surface crystal phase structure, and improves the cycling stability of positive electrode materials. Notably, after 500 cycles at 1 C current density, the discharge‐specific capacity attained 189.8 mAh g −1, with a capacity retention rate of 88.9%, indicating a 42.1% improvement in capacity retention. Molten salt treatment is widely used in the modification of positive electrode materials. The research work will provide new ideas for improving the stability of lithium rich materials and promoting their commercial applications.
Enhancing trainee performance in obstetric ultrasound through an artificial intelligence system: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lei T. , Zheng Q. , Feng J. , Zhang L. , Zhou Q. , He M. , Lin M. , Xie H. N. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivePerforming obstetric ultrasound scans is challenging for inexperienced operators; therefore, the prenatal screening artificial intelligence system (PSAIS) software was developed to provide real‐time feedback and guidance for trainees during their scanning procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential benefits of utilizing such an artificial intelligence system to enhance the efficiency of obstetric ultrasound training in acquiring and interpreting standard basic views.MethodsA prospective, single‐center randomized controlled study was conducted at The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University. From September 2022 to April 2023, residents with no prior obstetric ultrasound experience were recruited and assigned randomly to either a PSAIS‐assisted training group or a conventional training group. Each trainee underwent a four‐cycle practical scan training program, performing 20 scans in each cycle on pregnant volunteers at 18–32 gestational weeks, focusing on acquiring and interpreting standard basic views. At the end of each cycle, a test scan evaluated trainees' ability to obtain standard ultrasound views without PSAIS assistance, and image quality was rated by both the trainees themselves and an expert (in a blinded manner). The primary outcome was the number of training cycles required for each trainee to meet a certain standard of proficiency (i.e. end‐of‐cycle test scored by the expert at ≥ 80%). Secondary outcomes included the expert ratings of the image quality in each trainee's end‐of‐cycle test and the discordance between ratings by trainees and the expert.ResultsIn total, 32 residents and 1809 pregnant women (2720 scans) were recruited for the study. The PSAIS‐assisted trainee group required significantly fewer training cycles compared with the non‐PSAIS‐assisted group to meet quality requirements (P = 0.037). Based on the expert ratings of image quality, the PSAIS‐assisted training group exhibited superior ability in acquiring standard imaging views compared with the conventional training group in the third (P = 0.012) and fourth (P < 0.001) cycles. In both groups, the discordance between trainees' ratings of the quality of their own images and the expert's ratings decreased with increasing training time. A statistically significant difference in overall trainee–expert rating discordance between the two groups emerged at the end of the first training cycle and remained at every cycle thereafter (P < 0.013).ConclusionBy assisting inexperienced trainees in obtaining and interpreting standard basic obstetric scanning views, the use of artificial intelligence‐assisted systems has the potential to improve training effectiveness. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Gastric Cancer in the UAE
Authors: Abdelwahed Nadia , Al Asousi Salem , Iqbal Faryal , Abyad Amin M. , Nijhawan Neil A. , Kourie Hampig R. , Abu-Gheida Ibrahim H. , Ammori Basil , Al-Shamsi Humaid O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis review reports the current status of gastric cancer (GC) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) population. The incidence in the Emirati population is lower than in other nationalities, with 30 patients versus 104 cases from non-UAE residents. Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth malignancy causing deaths in the UAE, with an estimated average of 4.31% of cancer deaths compared to global rates. Gastric cancer in the UAE is considered less lethal. The GC’s crude incidence rate in the UAE in 2021 was 1.4 per 100,000, which is lower than the global incidence crude rate. Gastric cancer has a high mortality rate in the UAE due to the advanced stage at the time of presentation compared to early-stage gastric cancer, with the majority (30 cases) in 2017 presenting with the advanced disease at diagnosis compared to 12 cases with the early stage. Fifty-five percent of gastric cancer in the UAE in 2017 was classified as being in an unknown stage, indicating the need for better medical documentation of the data provided by each patient in order to get proper staging of all cancers, including gastric cancer.Medical and surgical management of gastric cancer in the UAE is advanced and in keeping with best international practices. Robotic surgeries, novel anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy and immunotherapies, and targeted therapies are all available in the UAE.The relationship between risk factors in the country and gastric cancer incidence should be thoroughly studied to try to identify high-risk populations. More research is also needed to investigate and identify the factors that may be contributing to the observed, potentially higher incidence of gastric cancer in younger patients.
UAE National Cancer Registry
Authors: Harbi Alya Zaid , Belaila Buthaina Abdulla Bin , Shelpai Wael , Razzak Hira Abdul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of global deaths. NCDs kill 41 million people each year, equivalent to 74% of all deaths globally, and are responsible for 80% of all premature NCD deaths. NCDs’ morbidity and mortality are associated with four main risk factors: tobacco use, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol, and unhealthy diets.To combat the NCD burden, countries committed to achieving global NCD targets, including the Sustainable Development Goals target (SDG 3.4), to reduce premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases by one-third by 2030. Cancer incidence and mortality data are essential for planning and monitoring cancer control programs. A population-based cancer registry fulfills this requirement by systematically collecting cancer data. Thus, the UAE National Disease Registry (UAE-NDR) is central to public health and healthcare in the UAE.The UAE National Cancer Registry (UAE-NCR), a part of the UAE National Disease Registries, provides comprehensive, quality-assured data services covering the entire cancer pathway for all cancer patients in the UAE. Its primary goals are to determine the national cancer statistics in the UAE, provide decision-makers and researchers with reliable data, monitor cancer screening and early detection programs, and plan for cancer services and control.
Hematological Malignancies in the UAE
Authors: Hashmi Shahrukh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHematologic malignancies make up a substantial portion of overall cancers, and unfortunately, the incidence of hematologic malignancies continues to grow in developed countries. These encompass both inherited and acquired cancers, though complicating the differentiation is the fact that some of the primary immunodeficiencies and bone marrow failure syndromes can lead to the development of leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome as well, besides lymphomas. Plasma cell dyscrasias are also a complicated group of conditions that include, at one spectrum, AL amyloidosis, which can be rapidly fatal if untreated, and the monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, which can be a very slow-evolving condition. Many different classifications exist in the literature; however, in this chapter, we summarize the various classifications and then suggest the most standard classifications for the readers. The management aspects of hematologic malignancies are extremely complicated, as besides chemotherapies, immunotherapies, and radiation therapies, cellular therapies play a major role in curative therapy, including CAR-T cells and stem cell transplantation.
Cancer Survivorship Programs in the UAE
Authors: Al-Awadhi Aydah , Singarachari Ramanujam A. , Sakr Rita A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to demographics, greater early detection, and improved treatment, there are more cancer survivors today. Hence, it becomes important to provide these patients with a survivorship care plan with tailored check-ups and routine follow-ups to ensure their physical and psychosocial well-being and mitigate the possible long-term effects due to the disease itself and the treatments provided. In the United Arab Emirates, cancer survivorship programs and dedicated clinics have yet to be established as an integral part of caring for cancer patients. In this chapter, we will shed light on the unmet need to optimize holistic cancer care delivery and develop a national survivorship strategy tailored to cancer, cultural, and population characteristics.
Comprehensive Cancer Centers in the UAE
Authors: Al-Shamsi Humaid O. , Abyad Amin M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe UAE is home to more than 30 oncology centers and clinics. In previous discussions, we have provided an overview of the historical context surrounding the prominent cancer centers in the UAE [1]. In the UAE, a specific definition for a comprehensive cancer center (CCC) does not exist officially. The Department of Health (DOH) has issued general criteria for centers of excellence in Abu Dhabi, which are not tailored specifically to oncology [2].