bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
As cores do desejo. Alteridade, raça e sexo no cinema britânico
Authors: Prysthon Angela 
Published: November 2015

A partir da análise de quatro filmes de diferentes momentos do cinema britânico (<em>Narciso Negro</em>, 1947, de Powell e Pressburger, <em>Um gosto de mel</em>, 1962, de Tony Richardson, <em>Passagem para a Índia</em>, 1984, de David Lean e <em>Minha adorável lavanderia</em>, 1985, de Stephen Frears) vamos examinar a tradição realista e as transformações no discurso e nas imagens sobre raça e sexualidade ao longo da segunda metade do século XX. A história do cinema britânico sugere, às vezes de modo muito direto e enfático, que há elos intrínsecos entre racismo e sexualidade. Observaremos as recorrências e diferenças entre as representações da alteridade nos filmes abordados para melhor compreender tais elos.
A questão da autoria no filme documentário e o caso Jean Rouch: uma perspectiva de análise
Authors: Coelho Sandra Straccialano 
Published: November 2015

O problema da autoria é difícil de abordar nos estudos cinematográficos e, sobretudo, no estudo do documentário. Esse artigo propõe o modelo teórico do campo de produção cultural desenvolvido pelo sociólogo francês Pierre Bourdieu como abordagem especialmente interessante para essa questão. Primeiramente, discutem-se alguns dos principais desafios e problemas teóricos relacionados à autoria no documentário. A seguir, por meio da análise da posição autoral do etnógrafo e cineasta Jean Rouch, demonstra-se, brevemente, o caso de um autor que tensionou as fronteiras do campo da produção cinematográfica e documentária em um determinado momento, consolidando-se, assim, como figura paradigmática de uma determinada tradição no campo.
(In)Comunicação, consumo e sociabilidade na cena urbana: breve reflexão a partir do cinema
Authors: Castro Gisela 
Published: November 2015

<p>O trabalho examina a representação cinematográfica da mediação levada a cabo pelas tecnologias de informação e comunicação para refletir sobre as transformações nos vínculos sociais. Discute-se o estatuto da comunicação e da sociabilidade nas redes telemáticas que caracterizam as cidades no mundo contemporâneo, focalizando a (in)comunicação favorecida pela colonização das práticas e processos sociais pelas lógicas do mercado.</p>
Sic transit – la socialité itinérante des centres commerciaux
Authors: Mateus Samuel 
Published: November 2015

<p>C’est en supposant l’existence de la richesse interactionnelle des espaces publics que nous analysons, dans cet article, les flux de circulation contemporains des centres commerciaux comme étant l’expression d’une certaine socialité. Bien loin d’être un phénomène propre d’une foule amorphe ou un simple procédé de déplacements individuels, ces marches montrent un besoin de grégarité assumant une forme nomade ou itinérante. Nous soutenons que les centres commerciaux rendent actuels une structure anthropologique faisant de l’agrégation autour de l’espace une base pour la socialité. Ce qui distingue la socialité itinérante est la traversée de l’espace et de la matérialité physique dans le seul but de la transcender. Bien plus que simplement consommer ou se déplacer fonctionnellement, ces flux semblent répondre à l’exigence, face à une austérité urbaine, des formes communautaires du lien social.</p><p> </p><p>Assumindo a riqueza interacional do espaço público, este artigo examina os contemporâneos fluxos dos centros comerciais como a expressão de uma certa sociabilidade. Longe de serem fenómenos ligados a uma multidão amorfa ou um simples processo individual de deslocamento, a circulação de pessoas evidencia um desejo de gregarismo que assume esta forma nómada ou itinerante. Argumenta-se que os centros comerciais actualizam uma estrutura antropológica que encontra no ajuntamento em torno de um espaço um princípio de sociabilidade. O que distingue a sociabilidade itinerante é o facto da travessia do espaço e da materialidade física tem um propósito que a transcende. Mais do que simplesmente consequências do consumo ou movimento funcional, estes fluxos respondem ao imperativo, face à austeridade urbana, de criação de formas comunitárias do laço social.</p>
Imaging Characteristics of Growing and Ruptured Vertebrobasilar Non-Saccular and Dolichoectatic Aneurysms
Authors: Nasr Deena M. , Brinjikji Waleed , Rouchaud Aymeric , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Flemming Kelly D. , Kallmes David F. 
Published: November 2015

Background and Purpose—
Vertebrobasilar, nonsaccular, and dolichoectatic aneurysms generally have a poor natural history. We performed a study examining the natural history of vertebrobasilar, nonsaccular, and dolichoectatic aneurysms receiving serial imaging and studied imaging characteristics associated with growth and rupture.

Methods—

We included all vertebrobasilar dolichoectatic, fusiform, and transitional aneurysms with serial imaging follow-up seen at our institution over a 15-year period. Two radiologists and a neurologist evaluated aneurysms for size, type, mural T1 signal, mural thrombus, daughter sac, mass effect, and tortuosity. Primary outcomes were aneurysm growth or rupture. Univariate analysis was performed with chi-squared tests for categorical variables and Student’s
t
test or analysis of variance for continuous variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables independently associated with aneurysm growth or rupture.

Results—

One hundred and fifty-two patients with 542 patient-years (mean 3.6±3.5 years) of imaging follow-up were included. Aneurysms were fusiform in 45 cases (29.6%), dolichoectatic in 75 cases (49.3%), and transitional in 32 cases (21.1%). Thirty-five aneurysms (23.0%) grew (growth rate=6.5%/year). Eight aneurysms (5.3%) ruptured (rupture rate=1.5%/year). Variables associated with growth and rupture on univariate analysis were size >10 mm (57.6% versus 16.0%,
P
<0.0001), mural T1 signal (39.7% versus 16.3%,
P
=0.001), daughter sac (56.3% versus 21.3%), and mural thrombus (45.5% versus 13.4%,
P
<0.0001). 26.7% of fusiform aneurysms, 9.3% of dolichoectatic aneurysms, and 59.4% of transitional aneurysms grew or ruptured (
P
<0.0001). The only variable independently associated with rupture was transitional morphology (
P
=0.003).

Conclusions—
Vertebrobasilar, nonsaccular, and dolichoectatic aneurysms are associated with a poor natural history with high growth and rupture rates. Further research is needed to determine the best treatments for this disease.
On-Line Analysis of a Non-Linear Control System Using Correlation Methods
Authors: Selway R. E. , Bell D. 
Published: November 2015

In non-linear control processes the application of optimal control generally leads to a solution which is difficult to implement. The problem is approached here by the use of a correlation method of continual tracking of the working point on the static and dynamic characteristics of the control system. A hybrid computer is utilised to compute the correlation functions and continually to identify and reoptimise about the working point using quasi-linearisation techniques. The non-linear system considered is a hyrdaulic servomotor of a type used in aircraft flight control systems. The three-level m-sequences used as test signals are injected into the system during normal operation and, since they are uncorrelated with any other signal, may have an extremely small amplitude compared with the normal working input signal. Optimal control in this instance is applied by the use of a phase compensation network with a variable bandwidth. The change of bandwidth required to satisfy the performance criterion is calculated on-line and used to optimise the system. A brief summary of correlation methods is presented together with the equation's governing identification and optimisation. The hybrid computer arrangement is described and a selection of typical results is shown and discussed. A note on the stability of the overall system as a system with time delays is included. In conclusion, the problems of time-variant dynamics on non-linear systems are considered. A proposed hybrid computer scheme is presented for this purpose in which the characteristics of the m-sequences are up-dated to match the identified time constants of the system.
Conrad Software in the Paper and Cement Industries
Authors: Higham J. D. , Jones R. E. 
Published: November 2015

This paper gives some examples of the control systems currently operating in the paper and cement industries where CONRAD software is in use. While the primary concern is to show how the various strategies that are required on applications are implemented with CONRAD software, control strategies themselves may be of some interest. The main advantages of digital computer regulation on the majority of processes lie not in the direct replacement of functions, which can be performed by three term analogue controllers, but rather in implementing the type of control that cannot be tackled satisfactorily by analogue control equipment. This includes feedforward, feedback, and multivariable non-interactive control on processes with long time scales and complex transfer functions, particularly where dead times or transport delays are involved.
A Few Remarks about Humidity Measurement and Control with Capacitance Type Gauges
Authors: Ramaz A. 
Published: November 2015

As part of a study into the computerised automation of paper machines we have begun to investigate the problem of paper humidity and control. The first results and reflections thereon are given below. The pilot unit is equipped with two gauges: one at the dry end, of the conventional capacitive type, with co-planar electrodes in contact with the sheet, the other at the wet end, which is also based on the variation of the dielectric constant but with two opposed heads and no contact.
Measurement of Oxygen Content in Gases
Authors: Tipping F. 
Published: November 2015

Of all gases oxygen plays a unique part in human existence. Without it, life as we know today, could not exist. The nature and the measurement of oxygen has, therefore, always been a challenge to scientists throughout the ages. Modern technological advances, both in industry and medicine, over the past quarter of a century, have resulted in demands for increased accuracy in oxygen measurement. The application of oxygen analysers ranges from the measurement of the atmosphere inside an incubator containing a premature baby, to the monitoring of oxygen content in the process streams on giant chemical plants to ensure safe operation.
Determination of Pollutant Emissions in Car Exhaust Gases
Authors: Grimm E. , Emling A. , Richardson D. 
Published: November 2015

The ever increasing density of industrial areas and the corresponding increase of petrol driven engines emitting harmful elements such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitric oxide in the exhaust make it necessary to substantially reduce these toxic levels to create better living conditions. Measures applied in various countries to limit these pollutions are discussed and the operating principles and design of analysers are detailed.
A New Approach to Digital Process Control
Authors: Bowden K. R. R. 
Published: November 2015

In recent years, the application of digital computers to process control has been shown to have real advantages over the traditional analogue (electronic and pneumatic) techniques. However, there have often been severe practical difficulties which prevented the achievement of these advantages, and which have slowed down the acceptance of digital control, particularly for smaller systems. This paper briefly discusses the advantages, then examines the potential problems, of digital control. Then follows a description of a new system which is shown to provide most of the advantages of digital control, whilst avoiding the mysteries and difficulties which have been so common in the past. The author, Dr Romilly Bowden, was the prime operator in the early design, and in the subsequent development both in England and America, of the Diogenes project on which this article is based. The classical name for the process controller was coined, rather whimsically, at an impromptu technical conference somewhere over the eastern USA. The constant reference to diodes (as programming devices, mostly) evoked the response “It's positively diogenous!” (ie, full of diodes). From this it required very little to produce the name of the ancient Greek philosopher. Despite the high-flying etymology, in down-to-earth terms, systems are operating successfully in a variety of American process plants, and work is in hand for further systems in Europe.
The Dynamic Testing of Gas Pressure Regulators
Authors: Walder-Davis S. J. 
Published: November 2015

This paper outlines a new method of measuring the dynamic characteristics of gas regulators, which has been developed recently at the British Gas Corporation's Engineering Research Station (ERS). The method has the advantage of not requiring fast acting control valves as part of the test equipment, and the results obtained are not confused by test pipework effects, a problem with other methods. Furthermore, all common test methods can be used, including frequency response and stochastic, as well as the step tests in wide use at present. The new technique injects disturbance pressures into a closed-loop regulator, by means of a ‘pressure servo’ fitted into its sense line, and then measures those disturbances as they progress through various regulator components, such as the controller. The new method can be applied to regulators with deformable control elements as a way has been developed of directly measuring instantaneous gas sizing coefficients at frequencies up to 12 Hz without using position indicators. The test principle may have application in the dynamic testing of other regulation systems, such as electrical power supplies and heating equipment.
Rapid Alloy Classification of Small Precision Forgings for the Aircraft Industry
Authors: Robinson J. D. , Durrant K. 
Published: November 2015

In the manufacture of small precise-to-form forgings for the aero-space industry, components, many of identical shape, in a wide range of alloys are processed at the same time. Methods of alloy classification employed have developed from chemical spot checks up to automatic read-out spectrographs, which produce a high spectrum dispersion. This technique necessitates highly skilled operators and introduces a mental fatigue factor. This paper describes the development of a direct reading automatic read-out unit capable of operation by personnel having a minimum of training. A special counter-electrode and feed system was required. Due to the variation in surface finish and geometric shape of the forgings, the simple setting procedure envisaged was not practical and use of a trimming standard was required as an integral part of the procedure. The unit has been in production for over two years and has completed over 900 000 alloy classifications.
Methods of Calibrating Flowmeters with Liquids—A Comparative Survey
Authors: Hayward A. T. J. 
Published: November 2015

The various methods of calibrating flowmeters with liquids are classified, and the more important methods are discussed in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of all these methods are summarised in a comprehensive table, which is based upon both a study of the literature and the author's own experience at the National Engineering Laboratory, where a very wide variety of flowmeter calibration methods is in use. A number of problems encountered in all methods of calibrating flowmeters are discussed; these include the need to correct for variations in temperature and pressure, the importance of eliminating air entrainment and the release of air from solution, and the elimination of flow disturbances such as swirl, asymmetry and pulsations.
The Accurate Measurement of Differential Pressure at High Line Pressure
Authors: Daborn John E. 
Published: November 2015

The paper reviews the various methods employed in the precise measurement of differential pressure at high line pressure. Included is the new NPL primary standard in this field, its method of use and the uncertainties of measurement associated with it. As primary standard instruments are not readily portable, various commercial instruments have been studied at NPL to evaluate their performance as transfer standards. Descriptions of three devices tested and a summary of the results obtained are given. NPL can now offer as a service to industry, the calibration of high quality differential pressure gauges at high line pressure. For measurements made at NPL the total uncertainty (expressed at the 95% confidence level) in the differential pressure ΔP over the range 25 kPa to 250 kPa and for line pressures up to 15 MPa, is ±(0.008% ΔP + 5 Pa). For measurements made away from NPL using a transfer standard the total uncertainty is increased to ±(0.01% ΔP + 30 Pa) for a single observation.
The Problems of Using Microprocessors
Authors: Carter J. W. 
Published: November 2015

The technology and applications of microprocessors have grown rapidly over the past two or three years. Many products have been launched recently incorporating microprocessors, and manufacturers make various claims of how wonderful these devices are. There has always been a certain mystique concerning the computer industry and the introduction of microprocessors has left some end users even more confused about the range of equipment suitable for process control and automation systems. This paper gives an introduction to the basic elements of a microprocessor application and why so many people are now using them. It is written from the point of view of a company producing its first microprocessor based product. It covers some of the problems which would arise in the conception, design and building of such products and highlights some of the options available, decisions on which could affect the whole future of a particular product. It is not sufficient to design the hardware of a microprocessor system; computer programs (software) are required to control the desired functions. There are many options available for the production of software. These are outlined and the major issues discussed. Even more important though, is the need to design hardware and software together as a total system.
Iatrogenic Causes of Salivary Gland Dysfunction
Authors: Schubert M. M. , Izutsu K. T. 
Published: November 2015

Saliva is important for maintaining oral health and function. There are instances when medical therapy is intended to decrease salivary flow, such as during general anesthesia, but most instances of iatrogenic salivary gland dysfunction represent untoward or unavoidable side-effects. The clinical expression of the salivary dysfunction can range from very minor transient alteration in saliva flow to a total loss of salivary function. The most common forms of therapy that interfere with salivation are drug therapies, cancer therapies (radiation or chemotherapy), and surgical therapy. These therapies can affect salivation by a number of different mechanisms that include: disruption of autonomic nerve function related to salivation, interference with acinar or ductal cell functions related to salivation, cytotoxicity, indirect effects (vasoconstriction/dilation, fluid and electrolyte balance, etc.), and physical trauma to salivary glands and nerves. A wide variety of drugs is capable of increasing or decreasing salivary flow by mimicking autonomic nervous system actions or by directly acting on cellular processes necessary for salivation; drugs can also indirectly affect salivation by altering fluid and electrolyte balance or by affecting blood flow to the glands. Ionizing radiation can cause permanent damage to salivary glands, damage that is manifest as acinar cell destruction with subsequent atrophy and fibrosis of the glands. Cancer chemotherapy can cause changes in salivation, but the changes are usually much less severe and only transient. Finally, surgical and traumatic injuries interfere with salivation because of either disruption of gland innervation or gross physical damage (or removal) of glandular tissue (including ducts).
Dependence of in vitro Demineralization of Apatite and Remineralization of Dental Enamel on Fluoride Concentration
Authors: Featherstone J.D.B. , Glena R. , Shariati M. , Shields C.P. 
Published: November 2015

The Anticaries activity of fluoride is contributed to in several ways. Two major aspects of fluoride action are (i) the inhibition of demineralization at the crystal surfaces within the tooth, and (ii) the enhancement of subsurface remineralization resulting in arrestment or reversal of caries lesions. Fluoride present in the aqueous phase at the apatite crystal surface may play a determining role in the inhibition of enamel or dentin demineralization. In one part of the present study, the initial dissolution rate of synthetic carbonated-apatite in acetate buffers was measured with fluoride present in the buffer in the 0–2.6 mmol/L (0–50 ppm) range. Inhibition of demineralization was shown to be a logarithmic function of the fluoride concentration in solution. In the second part of the present study, an in vitro pH-cycling model was used for determination of the effect on net del remineralization of enamel by treatment solutions containing fluoride in the 0–26 mmol/L (0–500 ppm) range. The net mineral loss was shown to be negatively related to the logarithm of the fluoride concentration. These studies have demonstrated an exponential quantitative relationship between fluoride concentration and inhibition of apatite demineralization or enhancement of remineralization. The clinical implications are (i) that simply increasing fluoride concentration may not necessarily give increased cariostatic benefit, and (ii) that improving the means of delivery of relatively low fluoride concentrations for longer times should be more appropriate for enhancing clinical efficacy.
Differential Effects of Restricting the Supply of Alcohol: Studies of a Strike in Finnish Liquor Stores
Authors: Mäkelä Klaus 
Published: November 2015

In 1972, a strike closed down Finnish liquor stores for five weeks, and the overall consumption of alcohol decreased by roughly a third. Results from observational studies and analyses of survey data and statistical records on the effects of the strike are presented. During the strike, arrests for drunkenness decreased to about one-half, cases of assault and battery were reduced by some 20 to 25 percent and cases of drunken driving by between 10 and 15 percent. Home production of alcoholic beverages and consumption of surrogate alcohol showed some increase. The strike affected different population groups in different ways. The frequency of arrests of homeless alcoholics was reduced to a lesser degree than was that of socially less isolated drinkers. Older persons and lower strata reacted more passively than younger people and the middle class, who were more actively turning to alternative sources of alcohol.
Short and Long Term Adverse Reactions in Young Drug Abusers
Authors: Holsten Fred 
Published: November 2015

A total of 100 young drug abusers registered in a treatment program were examined clinically during therapy and personally followed-up 3 and 6 years later. At the time of first contact, 69% had previously experienced flashbacks. It was found that not only users of psychedelic drugs, but also users of ephedrine, organic solvents and antihistaminic drugs reported “bad trip” experiences and flashbacks. Few physical adverse reactions were observed. At the end of the period, 40% of the males and 21% of the females still were bothered by flashbacks, but none of these had shown signs of a lasting psychotic symptomatology. Clinical examination revealed no lasting physical damage due to the abuse of drugs. Up to the time of last follow-up, 4 persons, all males, had died.