bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Activities and Level of Development in Morocco: Empirical Investigation from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Data
Authors: Ibourk Aomar , Amaghouss Jabrane 
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this article, which exploits data gathered by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM, 2009), is to establish a typology of countries based on the intentions and the level of entrepreneurial activities while focusing on the position of Morocco. We then test the form of the relationship that links the level of development of the countries to the level of intentions and entrepreneurial activity by relying on the techniques of multidimensional analysis and ordinary least squares (OLS). Results show that unlike popular belief, high-income countries are weakly involved in entrepreneurial activities. They also show that Moroccans have very favourable perceptions and intentions of entrepreneurship. However, the level of entrepreneurial activity at an early stage remains lower than the one recorded in other countries such as Yemen and Uganda. Thus in Morocco, policymakers should seize the opportunity linked to the very high status of the entrepreneur to encourage enterprise creation, and therefore wealth creation.
The advent of psychosurgery in Australia—with particular attention to its introduction into Sydney
Authors: White Richard T , McGee-Collett Martin 
Published: March 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the advent of prefrontal lobotomy in Sydney and, less comprehensively, its introduction into Australia. Method: Reference to journal articles, books, reports and archival data held at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and via internet searches, interviews and personal memory. Result: This paper describes the arrival of psychosurgery in Sydney in the mid-1940s, and less comprehensively, its arrival in other Australian cities. Conclusions: In New South Wales, from 1945 or 1946, prefrontal lobotomies were conducted in private clinics and in public hospitals but, because of legal and practical hurdles, it is unlikely that psychosurgery was performed in mental hospitals prior to December 1958. This paper gives some details regarding the participation of neurosurgeons and of the major public hospitals in psychosurgery, and touches on the attitudes within the Australian medical profession towards this dramatic new therapy.
Quality of Final Diagnosis Coding in the Medical Records of Selected Hospitals in the Colombo District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Gamage U.S.H. 
Published: March 2016

Clinical coding is a method of translating a clinical description of a disease or procedure into a standard code. Sri Lanka adopted the system of coding recommended by the WHO, The International Classification of Diseases – 10th Revision (ICD-10), in 1997, and this study was undertaken with the objectives of assessing the quality of ICD coding and to identify some factors influencing coding quality in this country. A sample of 1091 medical records was selected from six hospitals in the Colombo District, representing all categories of hospitals in the area. Quality of coding was assessed by using the Australian Coding Benchmark Audit (ACBA), a coding quality assessment tool developed by the National Centre for Classification in Health, Australia. It was found that the availability of the final diagnosis on front sheets of medical records was satisfactory (94.7%), but the accuracy of the diagnostic statement was unsatisfactory (54%). Out of the six hospitals studied, only the Teaching Hospital and the Peripheral Unit practiced coding. The overall rate of accuracy of ICD coding in the Colombo District hospitals was 31%, which is unsatisfactory. It is recommended that training opportunities in ICD-10 and other related subjects should be made available to the coders. Efforts should be made to improve the familiarity of the Medical Officers with the WHO guidelines on recording diagnostic information for ICD coding.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor–dependent enrichment of a megakaryocytic precursor with a high potential to produce proplatelets
Authors: Strassel Catherine , Brouard Nathalie , Mallo Lea , Receveur Nicolas , Mangin Pierre , Eckly Anita , Bieche Ivan , Tarte Karin , Gachet Christian , Lanza François 
Published: March 2016

Key Points
Emergence of a CD34+CD41low population with a high capacity to generate proplatelet-producing MKs and functional platelet-like elements. Platelet production is inversely correlated to CYP1B1 expression, a target of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
Localization of tamoxifen in human breast cancer tumors by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Végvári Ákos , Shavkunov Alexander S. , Fehniger Thomas E. , Grabau Dorthe , Niméus Emma , Marko‐Varga György 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundTamoxifen is used in endocrine treatment of breast cancer to inhibit estrogen signaling. A set of stratified ER‐positive and ER‐negative tumor sections was subjected to manual deposition of tamoxifen solution in order to investigate its spatial distribution upon exposure to interaction within thin tissue sections.MethodsThe localization of tamoxifen in tumor sections was assessed by matrix assisted laser deposition/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. The images of extracted ion maps were analyzed for comparison of signal intensity distributions.ResultsThe precursor ion of tamoxifen (m/z 372.233) displayed heterogeneous signal intensity distributions in histological compartments of tumor tissue sections. The levels of tamoxifen in tumor cells compared with stroma were higher in ER‐positive tissues, whereas ER‐negative tissue sections showed lower signal intensities in tumor cells.ConclusionsThe experimental model was successfully applied on frozen tumor samples allowing for differentiation between ER groups based on distribution of tamoxifen.
Correction of severe columella and tip retraction in silicone implanted Asian short noses
Authors: Sertel Serkan , Venara-Vulpe Ioana Irina , Pasche Philippe 
Published: March 2016

Background Silicone Implants and other alloplastic materials are frequently used in rhinoplasty to augment Asian short noses. However, nasal deformities as a result of implant-related infections are increasing in incidence. The resulting tissue scarrings hinder the application of traditional techniques of lengthening short noses. The following paper presents a technique to correct severe postoperative retractions of the tip and columella caused by silicone implants. Methods We present a retrospective case study of two Asian patients with recurrent acute infections, secondary to silicone dorsum implants, leading to chronic inflammation of the tip and columella. The treatment consisted of implant removal and the immediate nasal reconstruction by combining uni- or bilateral gingivobuccal flaps along with L-shaped costal cartilage grafting. To evaluate the surgical results, various anthropometric measurements, particularly the nasal length (NL) and nasal tip projection (NTP) of pre- and postoperative profile photographs, were analyzed. Results Successful nasal lengthening and correction of columellar retraction were achieved. In case I, postoperative NTP and NL increased by 34.7 % and 21.1 %, respectively. In case II, NL and NTP increased by 23.8 % and 10.6 %, respectively. However, case II presented necrosis of the distal extremity of one gingivobuccal flap without rib graft resorption, which later healed by secondary intention. Conclusion Pronounced columellar retraction in severe short noses can be successfully managed with a combination of gingivobuccal flaps along with L-shaped costal cartilage grafting. The use of autologous materials decreases the risk of long-term extrusion through the tip. The gingivobuccal flap provides vascularity to the exposed rib cartilage on the columella and prevents its resorption.
Sortilin is associated with the chlamydial inclusion and is modulated during infection
Authors: Teo Wei Xuan , Kerr Markus Charles , Huston Wilhelmina May , Teasdale Rohan David 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Chlamydia species are obligate intracellular pathogens that have a major impact on human health. The pathogen replicates within an intracellular niche called an inclusion and is thought to rely heavily on host-derived proteins and lipids, including ceramide. Sortilin is a transmembrane receptor implicated in the trafficking of acid sphingomyelinase, which is responsible for catalysing the breakdown of sphingomyelin to ceramide. In this study, we examined the role of sortilin in Chlamydia trachomatis L2 development. Western immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry analysis revealed that endogenous sortilin is not only associated with the inclusion, but that protein levels increase in infected cells. RNAi-mediated depletion of sortilin, however, had no detectable impact on ceramide delivery to the inclusion or the production of infectious progeny. This study demonstrates that whilst Chlamydia redirects sortilin trafficking to the chlamydial inclusion, RNAi knockdown of sortilin expression is insufficient to determine if this pathway is requisite for the development of the pathogen.
Cdk5–Foxo3 axis: initially neuroprotective, eventually neurodegenerative in Alzheimer's disease models
Authors: Shi Chun , Viccaro Keith , Lee Hyoung-gon , Shah Kavita 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Deregulated Cdk5 causes neurotoxic amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) processing and cell death, two hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, through the Foxo3 transcriptional factor in hippocampal cells, primary neurons and an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Using an innovative chemical genetic screen, we identified Foxo3 as a direct substrate of Cdk5 in brain lysates. Cdk5 directly phosphorylates Foxo3, which increased its levels and nuclear translocation. Nuclear Foxo3 initially rescued cells from ensuing oxidative stress by upregulating MnSOD (also known as SOD2). However, following prolonged exposure, Foxo3 upregulated Bim (also known as BCL2L11) and FasL (also known as FASLG) causing cell death. Active Foxo3 also increased Aβ(1–42) levels in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. These events were completely inhibited either by expressing phosphorylation-resistant Foxo3 or by depleting Cdk5 or Foxo3, highlighting a key role for Cdk5 in regulating Foxo3. These results were confirmed in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model, which exhibited increased levels and nuclear localization of Foxo3 in hippocampal neurons, which preceded neurodegeneration and Aβ plaque formation, indicating this phenomenon is an early event in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Collectively, these results show that Cdk5-mediated phospho-regulation of Foxo3 can activate several genes that promote neuronal death and aberrant Aβ processing, thereby contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative pathologies.
Safe and sustainable increases in day case emergency surgery
Authors: Hotchen Andrew J , Coleman Grant , O'Callaghan John M , McWhinnie Doug 
Published: March 2016

Selected patients referred to emergency general surgery departments are suitable for day case emergency surgery with no overnight hospital stay. There are no well-described sustainable pathways for these expedited operations and in many hospitals patients undergo unnecessary admissions and experience long waiting times. Methods: The authors proposed a new, sustainable, day case emergency surgery pathway which was implemented to streamline the assessment, treatment and discharge of acute surgical referrals. It requires rapid assessment of the patient by a senior clinician, and ready availability of diagnostic services and operating facilities. To assess this pathway, the authors conducted a prospective audit of general surgical referrals to a district general hospital in the UK. Results: During the inclusion period 746 emergency referrals were assessed, 281 (37%) of these underwent an operation. Over a 5-month investigation period, the audit found that approximately 27% of all emergency general surgery patients requiring an operation could be managed with day case emergency surgery. This figure was maintained throughout the duration of the study. Operations included incision and drainage of abscesses, incarcerated hernia repairs and appendicectomies. The average length of stay of all surgical admissions decreased from 5 days to less than 3 days and the median time to senior review was 30 minutes. Discussion: The authors have developed a pathway involving permanent members of the surgical assessment team that is sustainable over a 5-month period. The pathway has allowed rapid assessment of patients and reduced unnecessary inpatient stay in a sustainable and reproducible manner.
Paradoxical hyperhidrosis in a patient with ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency
Authors: Aujnarain Amiirah , Chung Catherine , Upton Julia 
Published: March 2016

Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia with Immunodeficiency (EDA-ID) is a pleotropic disorder characterized by dental abnormalities, eccrine sweat dysgenesis, specific facies, fine sparse hair, pale wrinkled skin, and variable immune defects. The condition is caused by hypomorphic mutations (NF) κB Essential modifier protein (NEMO) gene. The clinical phenotype between patients is heterogenous and variable.Here we report a patient with a known NEMO mutation presenting with clinical features consistent with EDA-ID, except for paradoxical hyperhidrosis despite having a biopsy-proven reduced number of sweat glands.Statement of novelty: We report a patient with X-linked EDA-ID due to NEMO deficiency who presented with marked diaphoresis despite biopsy-proven reduced sweat glands and ectodermal dysplasia.
Comparing radio-tracking and visual detection methods to quantify group size measures
Authors: Reiczigel Jenő , Mejía Salazar María Fernanda , Bollinger Trent K. , Rózsa Lajos 
Published: March 2016

Abstract1. Average values of animal group sizes are prone to be overestimated in traditional field studies because small groups and singletons are easier to overlook than large ones. This kind of bias also applies for the method of locating groups by tracking previously radio-collared individuals in the wild. If the researcher randomly chooses a collared animal to locate a group to visit, a large group has higher probability to be selected than a small one, simply because it has more members.2. The question arises whether location of groups by means of finding collared animals has smaller or greater bias than searching for groups by visual observation. If the bias is smaller or same, this method can be recommended for finding groups. However, such a comparison cannot be made by speculation, only by empirical investigation.3. The present study compares the two methods empirically, by statistically comparing group size measures (mean, median, quantiles, frequency distribution, and ‘typical group size’) between two data sets. These data sets comprise of Rocky Mountain mule deer group size values collected in the same area during the same period of time, referring either to groups located by the traditional ‘search and observe method’ or located by tracking formerly collared individuals.4. All group size measures are statistically similar in the two samples, thus we conclude that the two methods yielded similar biases. Although the true group size measures are not known, we presume that both methods have overestimated them. We propose that these results do not necessary apply to other species, thus cannot be generalized. The reason for this is that bias may depend on factors specific to the species: bias of visual observation may depend on how well the species conceals itself in the existing habitat, and the bias associated with finding groups using collared animals is likely dependent on group size distribution and also on the proportion of collared animals in the population.
Phase field approaches of bone remodeling based on TIP
Authors: Ganghoffer Jean-François , Rahouadj Rachid , Boisse Julien , Forest Samuel 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The process of bone remodeling includes a cycle of
repair, renewal, and optimization.
This adaptation process, in response to
variations in external loads and chemical driving factors, involves three
main types of bone cells: osteoclasts, which remove the old pre-existing
bone; osteoblasts, which form the new bone in a second phase; osteocytes,
which are sensing cells embedded into the bone matrix, trigger the
aforementioned sequence of events. The remodeling process involves
mineralization of the bone in the diffuse interface separating the marrow,
which contains all specialized cells, from the newly formed bone. The main
objective advocated in this contribution is the setting up of a modeling and
simulation framework relying on the phase field method to capture the
evolution of the diffuse interface between the new bone and the marrow at
the scale of individual trabeculae. The phase field describes the degree of
mineralization of this diffuse interface; it varies continuously between the lower value (no mineral)
and unity (fully mineralized phase, e.g. new bone), allowing the
consideration of a diffuse moving interface. The modeling framework is the
theory of continuous media, for which field equations for the mechanical,
chemical, and interfacial phenomena are written, based on the thermodynamics
of irreversible processes. Additional models for the cellular activity are
formulated to describe the coupling of the cell activity responsible for
bone production/resorption to the kinetics of the internal variables.
Kinetic equations for the internal variables are obtained from a
pseudo-potential of dissipation. The combination of the balance equations
for the microforce associated to the phase field and the kinetic equations
lead to the Ginzburg–Landau equation satisfied by the phase field with a
source term accounting for the dissipative microforce.
Simulations illustrating the proposed framework are performed in a one-dimensional
situation showing the evolution of the diffuse interface separating new bone
from marrow.
A Three-Dimensional Analysis Of The Wheel - Railway Contact In Case Of A Charge Transfer
Authors: Tudorache Cristina , Sebeşan Ioan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A series of factors are acting are acting on the wheels of the railway vehicle causing load transfers capable of having an effect on safety transportation The evaluation of vehicle – runway interaction phenomena establishes traffic safety conditions. In this paper we present a three-dimensional approach of the wheel - railway contact in case of load transfer and for a path with shortfall or with profile S78 super-elevation excess. The vehicle – runway interaction phenomena establishes traffic safety conditions. In this paper we present a three-dimensional approach of the wheel - railway contact in case of load transfer and for a path with shortfall or with profile S78 super-elevation excess is analyzed.
A gender perspective on gambling clusters in Sweden using longitudinal data
Authors: Romild Ulla , Svensson Jessika , Volberg Rachel 
Published: March 2016

Aims This study describes five groups of gamblers and changes in their gambling involvement and gambling problems over four years with a particular focus on whether gambling problems among men and women develop differently within the five groups. Design The study sample is a subset of participants from the Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study (Swelogs). Six different clusters of past-year gambling, based on frequency of participation in the nine most common forms of gambling in Sweden (lotteries, horses, number games, sports games, bingo, poker, slot machines, casino games or TV contests) were identified in Two-Way Cluster Analysis after the first wave of data collection in 2008/09. There were 2,508 individuals identified in EP1 (n=5,012) who then also participated in waves EP2 and EP3 and were selected for the present analysis. Methods Statistical analysis was done in SPSS 22.0 using Pearson's Chi-Square test of Independence (or Fisher's Exact test when the requirements or expected frequency were not met for Pearson's Test), Mann-Whitney U-test and logistic regression. P-values below 0.05 were regarded as significant. Results Gambling remains gendered in Sweden. Even though the clusters are based on gambling activities, there are differences between men and women within the clusters as regards the gambling participation patterns. Conclusions Men and women gamble differently, but they may still be equals in their total experience of gambling and in relation to how their gambling problems develop. All differences need to be taken into consideration when preventive actions or messages are created.
Interest in Currency Trading Learning – Preferred Methods and Motivational Factors
Authors: Pintar Rok , Jereb Eva , Čudanov Mladen , Urh Marko 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Background and purpose: This paper analyzes the interest of potential users for learning in the field of currency trading or foreign exchange (forex, FX). The purpose of our article is a) to present currency trading, b) to present different options, methods and learning approaches to educating in forex, c) to present the research results discovering the interest of potential users for learning in the field of currency trading.
Methodology: For gathering data, an online questionnaire was used. It was distributed so that the survey sample covers socio-demographic variables (gender, age, working status, relationship status, financial status of credit and educational level). Interest in learning in the field of currency trading was assessed. Descriptive statistics, t-test, paired samples test, homogeny test of variances, and ANOVA were used.
Results: It was determined that people are interested in learning about currency trading, especially younger ones (< 30 years), who prefer e-learning as their learning approach. Obtaining and possessing the right information is the strongest motivation factor and fearing not having enough necessary prior knowledge is the strongest discouraging factor for learning about currency trading.
Conclusion: Education of users in the field of currency trading is becoming increasingly popular with the development of e-learning.
Treatment of Perianal Fistulas in Poland
Authors: Dziki Łukasz , Mik Michał , Trzciński Radzisław , Włodarczyk Marcin , Skoneczny Mariusz , Dziki Adam 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA perianal fistula is a pathological canal covered by granulation tissue connecting the anal canal and perianal area epidermis. The above-mentioned problem is the reason for the patient to visit the surgeonproctologist. Unfortunately, the disease is characterized by a high recurrence rate, even despite proper management.The aim of the study was to determine the current condition of perianal fistula treatment methods in everyday surgical practice, considering members of the Society of Polish Surgeons. Material and methods. 1523 members of the Society of Polish Surgeons received an anonymous questionnaire comprising 15 questions regarding perianal fistula treatment in everyday practice.Results. Results were obtained from 807 (53%) members. After receiving answers, questionnaire results were collected, analysed, and presented in a descriptive form.Conclusions. Study results showed that most Polish surgeons choose the fistulectomy/fistulotomy method. Considering treatment of perianal fistulas the most important issue is to find the correct, primary fistula canal. Further methods should be individually selected for each patient. One should also remember that every fistula is different. Surgical departments that operate a small number of perianal fistulas should direct such patients to reference centers.
Plädoyer für eine regional differenzierte, sektorenübergreifende Versorgung
Authors: Hämel Kerstin 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Unterschiede im regionalen Versorgungsbedarf und Versorgungsprobleme in ländlichen und strukturschwachen Regionen werden seit einigen Jahren intensiv diskutiert. Benötigt werden Zielvorstellungen wie diese angegangen werden können. Modelle einer umfassenden Primärversorgung bieten gute Möglichkeiten für eine regional differenzierte, sektorenübergreifende Versorgung.