bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Perception of Breast Cancer Among Muslim and Christian Women in Ghana
Authors: Gyedu Adam , Gaskill Cameron E. , Boakye Godfred , Abdulai Abdul Rashid , Anderson Benjamin O. , Stewart Barclay 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe burden of breast cancer continues to increase in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where women present with more advanced disease and have worse outcomes compared with women from high-income countries. In the absence of breast cancer screening in LMICs, patients must rely on self-detection for early breast cancer detection, followed by a prompt clinical diagnostic work-up. Little is known about the influence of religious beliefs on women’s perceptions and practices of breast health.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was administered to female members of Islamic and Christian organizations in Ghana. Participants were asked about their personal experience with breast concerns, knowledge of breast cancer, performance of breast self-examination, and experience with clinical breast exam.ResultsThe survey was administered to 432 Muslim and 339 Christian women. Fewer Muslim women knew someone with breast cancer (31% v 66%; P < .001) or had previously identified a concerning mass in their breast (16% v 65%; P < .001). Both groups believed that new breast masses should be evaluated at clinic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.08; 95% CI, 0.58 to 2.01), but Muslim women were less likely to know that breast cancer can be effectively treated (AOR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.50). Muslim women were less likely to have performed breast self-examination (AOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.88) or to have undergone clinical breast exam (AOR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.84).ConclusionMuslim women were found to be less likely to participate in breast health activities compared with Christian women, which highlights the need to consider how religious customs within subpopulations might impact a woman’s engagement in breast health activities. As breast awareness initiatives are scaled up in Ghana and other LMICs, it is essential to consider the unique perception and participation deficits of specific groups.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Donofrio Peter D. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article reviews the current state of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), including its clinical presentation, evaluation, pathophysiology, and treatment.

Recent Findings: GBS is an acute/subacute-onset polyradiculoneuropathy typically presenting with sensory symptoms and weakness over several days, often leading to quadriparesis. Approximately 70% of patients report a recent preceding upper or lower respiratory tract infection or gastrointestinal illness. Approximately 30% of patients require intubation and ventilation because of respiratory failure. Nerve conduction studies in the acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) form of GBS typically show evidence for a multifocal demyelinating process, including conduction block or temporal dispersion in motor nerves. Sural sparing is a common phenomenon when testing sensory nerves. CSF analysis commonly shows an elevated protein, but this elevation may not be present until the third week of the illness. Patients with AIDP are treated with best medical management and either IV immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasma exchange.

Summary: GBS is a common form of acute quadriparesis; a high level of suspicion is needed for early diagnosis. With appropriate therapy, most patients make a very good to complete recovery.
Chronic Demyelinating Polyneuropathies
Authors: Allen Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article reviews the chronic demyelinating neuropathies, with a focus on the diagnosis and treatment of immune-mediated neuropathies and the features that can help differentiate immune-mediated neuropathies from other chronic demyelinating peripheral nerve conditions.

Recent Findings: Advances in clinical phenotyping and outcomes assessment have enabled neurologists to improve disease recognition, treatment, and disease monitoring. Our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of demyelinating neuropathies is evolving. Identification of new antibodies and recognition that node of Ranvier dysfunction may be an early pathogenic feature may herald further diagnostic and treatment advancements.

Summary: The chronic demyelinating polyneuropathies are heterogeneous. The clinical and diagnostic features are sometimes overlapping, and the specific disorders are variable in pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis. This heterogeneity underscores the importance of achieving diagnostic accuracy and implementing disease-specific treatment approaches.
Ultrasonography in Peripheral Nervous System Diagnosis
Authors: Walker Francis O. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: High-resolution ultrasound has made it possible to view most nerves and muscles in real time and to identify pathologic change in size, echo texture, and vascularity. This article focuses on the principles underlying ultrasound imaging and the application of ultrasound imaging to clinical disorders commonly seen in an electrodiagnostic laboratory.

Recent Findings: Ultrasound is a sensitive and specific tool for evaluating myopathic and neurogenic muscle disease. It provides useful information about muscles difficult to study with other technologies, such as the tongue and diaphragm, and is also helpful in evaluating smaller muscles in the hands or feet where correlation with electrodiagnostic studies is possible. For nerves, the resolution of ultrasound is such that it can sensitively identify focal nerve enlargement, which is accurate in the diagnosis of entrapment neuropathies. Furthermore, it can recognize diffuse or multifocal nerve enlargement seen in hereditary and inflammatory neuropathies.

Summary: Neuromuscular ultrasound is an informative noninvasive tool for evaluating nerve and muscle disease. As the technology continues to advance and becomes widely available, it may become a routine part of residency training, neuromuscular research, and clinical practice.
Profit Sharing and Peer Reporting
Authors: Carpenter Jeffrey , Robbett Andrea , Akbar Prottoy A. 
Published: September 2017

Despite the “1/N problem” associated with profit sharing, the empirical literature finds that sharing profits with workers has a positive impact on work team and firm performance. We examine one possible resolution to this puzzle by observing that, although the incentive to work harder under profit sharing is weak, it might be sufficient to motivate workers to report each other for shirking, especially if the workers are reciprocally minded. Our model provides the rationale for this conjecture, and we discuss the results of an experiment finding that workers who share in firm profits are more willing to provide accurate information about their peers to management and that profit sharing is most effective when peer reporting is possible. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2831 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
How is lymphofluoroscopy mapping altering lymphoedema management?
Authors: Wigg Jane , Cooper Garry 
Published: September 2017

Lymphoedema management has evolved over many decades, but the core components of treatment remain largely unaltered, such as skin care, compression and self-lymphatic drainage. Near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging (NIRFLI) offers an opportunity to enhance patient outcomes by evaluating and increasing the effectiveness of these treatment options. This is relevant when we consider the impact of this chronic condition and its endemic proportions ( Mortimer, 2014 ), while Moffatt et al (2017) suggests it is one of the biggest health risks in the Western world, due to the multiple causes, such as cancer, obesity and as a complication of an ageing population. The impact of the condition can be reduced through early identification and the risk-reduction strategies that NIRFLI can offer through greater understanding of its chronicity. The use of NIRFLI has also led to the development of a new manual lymphatic drainage technique to assist in the management of lymphoedema ( Belgrado et al, 2016 ). The aim of this article is to introduce and describe NIRFLI and its use within lymphoedema management. It will discuss use with early detection of lymphoedema and expand further, focusing on its use within the management of lymphoedema.
Impact of JOBST® Elvarex® knee and elbow functional zones on quality of life
Authors: Elwell Rebecca , Heal Dawn , Lister Lindsey 
Published: September 2017

Lymphoedema results from a failure of the lymphatic system. The consequences are swelling, skin and tissue changes and predisposition to infection. Lipoedema, however, results from the predisposition of an excessive number of fat cells in the lower limbs, typically from the ankle to the waist. Management for lymphoedema consists of volume reduction, reduction in shape distortion and improvement of skin condition. Treatment consists of a two-phase approach including an intensive and maintenance phase. The maintenance stage of treatment or self-care consists of skin care, exercise and compression garments. Case studies are presented featuring lower limb lymphoedema and upper limb lymphoedema and a patient affected by lipoedema. The case studies demonstrate how JOBST Elvarex custom-fit, flat-knit compression garments with knee and elbow functional zones enhances patient choice, garment suitability and potential for improved quality of life.
Accuracy of CT-navigated pedicle screw positioning in the cervical and upper thoracic region with and without prior anterior surgery and ventral plating
Authors: Rienmüller A. , Buchmann N. , Kirschke J. S. , Meyer E. L. , Gempt J. , Lehmberg J. , Meyer B. , Ryang Y. M. 
Published: September 2017

AimsWe aimed to retrospectively assess the accuracy and safety of CT navigated pedicle screws and to compare accuracy in the cervical and thoracic spine (C2-T8) with (COMB) and without (POST) prior anterior surgery (anterior cervical discectomy or corpectomy and fusion with ventral plating: ACDF/ACCF).Patients and MethodsA total of 592 pedicle screws, which were used in 107 consecutively operated patients (210 COMB, 382 POST), were analysed. The accuracy of positioning was determined according to the classification of Gertzbein and Robbins on post-operative CT scans.ResultsHigh accuracy was achieved in 524 screws (88.5%), 192 (87.7%) in the cervical spine and 332 (89%) in the thoracic spine, respectively. The results in the two surgical groups were compared and a logistic regression mixed model was performed to analyse the risk of low accuracy. Significantly lower accuracy was found in the COMB group with 82.9% versus 91.6% in the POST group (p = 0.036). There were no neurological complications, but two vertebral artery lesions were recorded. Three patients underwent revision surgery for malpositioning of a screw. Although the risk of malpositioning of a screw after primary anterior surgery was estimated to be 2.4-times higher than with posterior surgery alone, the overall rates of complication and revision were low.ConclusionWe therefore conclude that CT navigated pedicle screws can be positioned safely although greater caution must be taken in patients who have previously undergone anterior surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1373–80.
Predicting 30-day mortality after hip fracture surgery
Authors: Tsang C. , Boulton C. , Burgon V. , Johansen A. , Wakeman R. , Cromwell D. A. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives The National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) publishes hospital-level risk-adjusted mortality rates following hip fracture surgery in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The performance of the risk model used by the NHFD was compared with the widely-used Nottingham Hip Fracture Score. Methods Data from 94 hospitals on patients aged 60 to 110 who had hip fracture surgery between May 2013 and July 2013 were analysed. Data were linked to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) death register to calculate the 30-day mortality rate. Risk of death was predicted for each patient using the NHFD and Nottingham models in a development dataset using logistic regression to define the models’ coefficients. This was followed by testing the performance of these refined models in a second validation dataset. Results The 30-day mortality rate was 5.36% in the validation dataset (n = 3861), slightly lower than the 6.40% in the development dataset (n = 4044). The NHFD and Nottingham models showed a slightly lower discrimination in the validation dataset compared with the development dataset, but both still displayed moderate discriminative power (c-statistic for NHFD = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67 to 0.74; Nottingham model = 0.70, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.75). Both models defined similar ranges of predicted mortality risk (1% to 18%) in assessment of calibration. Conclusions Both models have limitations in predicting mortality for individual patients after hip fracture surgery, but the NHFD risk adjustment model performed as well as the widely-used Nottingham prognostic tool and is therefore a reasonable alternative for risk adjustment in the United Kingdom hip fracture population. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2017;6:550–556
Just art, politics and publics: Researching geographies of public art and accountability
Authors: Zebracki Martin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article draws a geographical research agenda on public art and accountability. The rationale for doing so lies in what I consider the ‘bird’s-eye doctrine’ that prevails in today’s publicly funded urban public-art practice. I argue that the roles and uses of art in urban public space are primarily understood and designed through the chiefly essentialist eye of public art’s enablers, being particularly policy-makers, planners, artists and practitioners. Such bird’s-eye doctrine scarcely challenges the everyday social realities of public art from the ground level, that is, from the eyes of the very publics for whom public art is and should ideally be intended. On the basis of a literature study and the author’s previous empirical research, this article provides pointers for how future research could further geographically disentangle public-art practices at the crossroads of the domains of the publics, politics and art. More particularly, such research should dwell on the extent to which public-art practices account and should account for genuinely involving the publics in the preparation, realization, evaluation and everyday social realities of public art at different yet co-emerging socio-spatial levels of public-art practice.
Makers Review
Authors: Jones David 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Gwen Heeney, who died in December 2016, was an internationally renowned ceramic artist who worked with clay brick not merely as the foundation material of our built world but also as a conceptual device for penetrating the apparent solidity of our perceptions of our material culture. She was instrumental in establishing the field of brick sculpture both through her work and through helping to found the World Artists in Brick (WABA).
Determination of chemical elements and cross-section hardness of sclerotic darkened human dentin
Authors: Souza Mauricio Yugo , Meirelles Laura Celia Fernandes , Duque Isabela Roberta Vieira , Mailart Mariane Cintra , Caneppele Taciana Marco Ferraz , Bresciani Eduardo 
Published: September 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the amount of chemical elements (Ca, O, C, P, Fe, and Mg) and the cross-section hardness of sclerotic darkened dentin in human teeth. Material and Methods: The study was approved by the local IRB and ten extracted teeth (five sound and five presenting sclerotic darkened dentin) were used. Tooth was sectioned mesiodistally and each half was used for each test. Amount of chemical elements (%w) was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in three different dentin areas (shallow, medium, or deep sound or sclerotic dentin). Knoop microhardness was determined at the same EDS areas. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and multiple comparison tests, with significance level at 5%. Results: No difference on microhardness was detected between sound and sclerotic dentin (p = 0.743) and also among dentin depths (p = 0.837). Lower Ca (p = 0.024) and higher C (p = 0.015) amounts were found at superficial sclerotic dentin. Increased Mg content (p < 0.001) was detected in sound dentin. Conclusion: It was concluded darkened sclerotic dentin presents similar cross-section microhardness to sound dentin. The assessed chemical elements were similarly present in sound or sclerotic dentin, except for Mg, which was present higher concentration in sound dentin. Ca and P were lower in superficial sclerotic dentin. Keywords: Dentin; Hardness; Minerals; Tooth Remineralization.
Storage protocol of dental pulp cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.
Authors: Lourenço Neto Natalino , Pereira Letícia Florindo , Marques Nádia Carolina Teixeira , Prado Mariel , Vitor Luciana Lourenço Ribeiro , Tokuhara Cintia Kazuko , Oliveira Rodrigo Cardoso , Machado Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira , Oliveira Thais Marchini 
Published: September 2017

Objective: This study aimed to isolate the cells from the dental pulp tissue of human primary teeth, study the capacity of proliferation, characterize the cells and standardize the technique of culture and expansion to create a cell banking. Material and Methods: Primary teeth with no caries and orthodontic reasons were extracted for pulp tissue obtainment. The cells were extracted from the pulp cells, isolated and cultured under ideal conditions until full expansion. Results: After consecutive passages, the cultured cells were characterized using immunofluorescence technique and frozen between the 2nd and 6th passage, thus creating a biorepository of dental pulp cells from human primary teeth. Conclusion: The creation of a cell banking from dental pulp cells from human primary teeth enables the easy application of cells in laboratorial studies, reducing the cost and time for obtaining the samples, avoid the involvement of new subjects and allow a fast reproducibility of the researches. KeywordsCell culture techniques; Tooth, deciduous; Pulp; Fibroblasts; Cryopreservation.
‚Infra-Politik’ der Willkommensgesellschaft
Authors: Karakayali Serhat 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Im Zuge der so genannten Flüchtlingskrise haben in sehr kurzer Zeit Millionen von Bundesbür*erinnen begonnen, sich ehrenamtlich für Geflüchtete einzusetzen. Damit ist eine breite, viele gesellschaftliche Kreise umfassende Bewegung entstanden, die sich deutlich von früheren Solidaritätsbewegungen für Geflüchtete unterscheidet. Der Fokus auf humanitäre Hilfe und Integrationsmaßnahmen und das geringe Maß an weltanschaulicher Kohärenz lassen vermuten, dass von einer sozialen Bewegung im konventionellen Sinne nicht gesprochen werden kann. Das neue Ehrenamt ist aber keineswegs unpolitisch, wie eine Analyse von Umfragedaten und qualitativen Interviews mit Ehrenamtler*innen in verschiedenen Bundesländern zeigt: Geflüchteten zu helfen ist für die meisten Ehrenamtlichen auch eine Form des politischen Zeichensetzens, insbesondere gegen rechtsextreme Mobilisierungen oder Stimmungsmache auf lokaler Ebene.
Second messenger signaling mechanisms of the brown adipocyte thermogenic program: an integrative perspective
Authors: Shi Fubiao , Collins Sheila 
Published: September 2017

Abstractβ-adrenergic receptors (βARs) are well established for conveying the signal from catecholamines to adipocytes. Acting through the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) they stimulate lipolysis and also increase the activity of brown adipocytes and the ‘browning’ of adipocytes within white fat depots (so-called ‘brite’ or ‘beige’ adipocytes). Brown adipose tissue mitochondria are enriched with uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is a regulated proton channel that allows the dissipation of chemical energy in the form of heat. The discovery of functional brown adipocytes in humans and inducible brown-like (‘beige’ or ‘brite’) adipocytes in rodents have suggested that recruitment and activation of these thermogenic adipocytes could be a promising strategy to increase energy expenditure for obesity therapy. More recently, the cardiac natriuretic peptides and their second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) have gained attention as a parallel signaling pathway in adipocytes, with some unique features. In this review, we begin with some important historical work that touches upon the regulation of brown adipocyte development and physiology. We then provide a synopsis of some recent advances in the signaling cascades from β-adrenergic agonists and natriuretic peptides to drive thermogenic gene expression in the adipocytes and how these two pathways converge at a number of unexpected points. Finally, moving from the physiologic hormonal signaling, we discuss yet another level of control downstream of these signals: the growing appreciation of the emerging roles of non-coding RNAs as important regulators of brown adipocyte formation and function. In this review, we discuss new developments in our understanding of the signaling mechanisms and factors including new secreted proteins and novel non-coding RNAs that control the function as well as the plasticity of the brown/beige adipose tissue as it responds to the energy needs and environmental conditions of the organism.
Psychological contract breach and turnover intention: the moderating effects of social status and local ties
Authors: Heffernan Margaret , Rochford Eoin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine whether social networks reduce the effects of psychological contract breach on an employee’s intention to leave the organisation. This paper focusses on two particular elements of the social network in an organisation: (1) social status and (2) local ties/connectedness. Using a sample of 242 responses from officers in the Irish Defence Forces, the results provide empirical evidence of the impact of psychological contract breach on officer turnover intentions. The results also demonstrate that perceptions of social networks moderate the relationship between psychological contract breach and turnover intentions through social status. Contrary to expectations, strong connectedness with senior officers was also found to be a moderator but not in the direction that was hypothesised. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
Crystal structure of poly[tetraaqua-bis(μ6-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylato)nickel(II)diyttrium(III)]dihydrate, C20H16NiO22Y2
Authors: Zhao Chong-Yang , Zhao Dan , Nie Cong-Kui 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
C20H16NiO22Y2, monoclinic C2/c (no. 15), a = 17.8995(9) Å, b = 7.5278(4) Å, c = 19.9682(10) Å, β = 109.592(1)°, V = 2534.8(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0298, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0744, T = 296(2) K.