bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling of organic and inorganic aerosol systems and the effect on gas–particle partitioning in the southeastern US
Authors: Pye Havala O. T. , Zuend Andreas , Fry Juliane L. , Isaacman-VanWertz Gabriel , Capps Shannon L. , Appel K. Wyat , Foroutan Hosein , Xu Lu , Ng Nga L. , Goldstein Allen H. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Several models were used to describe the partitioning of ammonia, water, and organic compounds between the gas and particle phases for conditions in the southeastern US during summer 2013. Existing equilibrium models and frameworks were found to be sufficient, although additional improvements in terms of estimating pure-species vapor pressures are needed. Thermodynamic model predictions were consistent, to first order, with a molar ratio of ammonium to sulfate of approximately 1.6 to 1.8 (ratio of ammonium to 2  ×  sulfate, RN∕2S  ≈  0.8 to 0.9) with approximately 70 % of total ammonia and ammonium (NHx) in the particle. Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization Network (SEARCH) gas and aerosol and Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in Ambient air (MARGA) aerosol measurements were consistent with these conditions. CMAQv5.2 regional chemical transport model predictions did not reflect these conditions due to a factor of 3 overestimate of the nonvolatile cations. In addition, gas-phase ammonia was overestimated in the CMAQ model leading to an even lower fraction of total ammonia in the particle. Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) and aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements indicated less ammonium per sulfate than SEARCH and MARGA measurements and were inconsistent with thermodynamic model predictions. Organic compounds were predicted to be present to some extent in the same phase as inorganic constituents, modifying their activity and resulting in a decrease in [H+]air (H+ in µg m−3 air), increase in ammonia partitioning to the gas phase, and increase in pH compared to complete organic vs. inorganic liquid–liquid phase separation. In addition, accounting for nonideal mixing modified the pH such that a fully interactive inorganic–organic system had a pH roughly 0.7 units higher than predicted using traditional methods (pH  =  1.5 vs. 0.7). Particle-phase interactions of organic and inorganic compounds were found to increase partitioning towards the particle phase (vs. gas phase) for highly oxygenated (O : C  ≥  0.6) compounds including several isoprene-derived tracers as well as levoglucosan but decrease particle-phase partitioning for low O : C, monoterpene-derived species.
Field intercomparison of prevailing sonic anemometers
Authors: Mauder Matthias , Zeeman Matthias J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Three-dimensional sonic anemometers are the core component of eddy covariance
systems, which are widely used for micrometeorological and ecological
research. In order to characterize the measurement uncertainty of these
instruments we present and analyse the results from a field intercomparison
experiment of six commonly used sonic anemometer models from four major
manufacturers. These models include Campbell CSAT3, Gill HS-50 and R3, METEK
uSonic-3 Omni, R. M. Young 81000 and 81000RE. The experiment was conducted
over a meadow at the TERENO/ICOS site DE-Fen in southern Germany over a
period of 16 days in June of 2016 as part of the ScaleX campaign. The
measurement height was 3 m for all sensors, which were separated by 9 m
from each other, each on its own tripod, in order to limit contamination of
the turbulence measurements by adjacent structures as much as possible.
Moreover, the high-frequency data from all instruments were treated with the
same post-processing algorithm. In this study, we compare the results for
various turbulence statistics, which include mean horizontal wind speed,
standard deviations of vertical wind velocity and sonic temperature, friction
velocity, and the buoyancy flux. Quantitative measures of uncertainty, such
as bias and comparability, are derived from these results. We find that
biases are generally very small for all sensors and all computed variables,
except for the sonic temperature measurements of the two Gill sonic
anemometers (HS and R3), confirming a known transducer-temperature dependence
of the sonic temperature measurement. The best overall agreement between the
different instruments was found for the mean wind speed and the buoyancy
flux.
Uncertainties in the heliosheath ion temperatures
Authors: Scherer Klaus , Fahr Hans Jörg , Fichtner Horst , Sylla Adama , Richardson John D. , Lazar Marian 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The Voyager plasma observations show that the physics of the heliosheath is rather complex and that the temperature
derived from observation particularly differs from expectations. To explain this fact, the temperature in the heliosheath should be based on
κ distributions instead of Maxwellians because the former allows for much higher temperature. Here we show an easy way to
calculate the κ temperatures when those estimated from the data are given as Maxwellian temperatures. We use the moments of
the Maxwellian and κ distributions to estimate the κ temperature. Moreover, we show that the pressure (temperature)
given by a truncated κ distribution is similar to that given by a Maxwellian and only starts to increase for higher truncation
velocities. We deduce a simple formula to convert the Maxwellian to κ pressure or temperature. We apply this result to the
Voyager 2 observations in the heliosheath. Keywords. Space plasma physics (kinetic and MHD theory)
Detecting the permafrost carbon feedback: talik formation and increased cold-season respiration as precursors to sink-to-source transitions
Authors: Parazoo Nicholas C. , Koven Charles D. , Lawrence David M. , Romanovsky Vladimir , Miller Charles E. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Thaw and release of permafrost carbon (C) due to climate change is likely to
offset increased vegetation C uptake in northern high-latitude (NHL)
terrestrial ecosystems. Models project that this permafrost C feedback may
act as a slow leak, in which case detection and attribution of the feedback
may be difficult. The formation of talik, a subsurface layer of perennially
thawed soil, can accelerate permafrost degradation and soil respiration,
ultimately shifting the C balance of permafrost-affected ecosystems from
long-term C sinks to long-term C sources. It is imperative to understand and
characterize mechanistic links between talik, permafrost thaw, and
respiration of deep soil C to detect and quantify the permafrost C feedback.
Here, we use the Community Land Model (CLM) version 4.5, a permafrost and
biogeochemistry model, in comparison to long-term deep borehole data along
North American and Siberian transects, to investigate thaw-driven C sources
in NHL (> 55∘ N) from 2000 to 2300. Widespread talik at depth is
projected across most of the NHL permafrost region
(14 million km2) by 2300, 6.2 million km2 of which is
projected to become a long-term C source, emitting 10 Pg C by 2100,
50 Pg C by 2200, and 120 Pg C by 2300, with few signs of
slowing. Roughly half of the projected C source region is in predominantly
warm sub-Arctic permafrost following talik onset. This region emits only
20 Pg C by 2300, but the CLM4.5 estimate may be biased low by not
accounting for deep C in yedoma. Accelerated decomposition of deep soil
C following talik onset shifts the ecosystem C balance away from surface
dominant processes (photosynthesis and litter respiration), but
sink-to-source transition dates are delayed by 20–200 years by high
ecosystem productivity, such that talik peaks early (∼ 2050s, although borehole
data suggest sooner) and C source transition peaks late
(∼ 2150–2200). The remaining C source region in cold northern Arctic
permafrost, which shifts to a net source early (late 21st century), emits
5 times more C (95 Pg C) by 2300, and prior to talik formation due
to the high decomposition rates of shallow, young C in organic-rich soils
coupled with low productivity. Our results provide important clues signaling
imminent talik onset and C source transition, including (1) late cold-season
(January–February) soil warming at depth (∼ 2 m),
(2) increasing cold-season emissions (November–April), and (3) enhanced
respiration of deep, old C in warm permafrost and young, shallow C in organic-rich cold permafrost soils. Our results suggest a mosaic of processes that
govern carbon source-to-sink transitions at high latitudes and emphasize the
urgency of monitoring soil thermal profiles, organic C age and content, cold-season CO2 emissions, and
atmospheric 14CO2 as key indicators
of the permafrost C feedback.
La evaluación tradicional vs. evaluación alternativa en la FAREM-Carazo
Authors: Valverde Xiomara 
Published: January 2018

En los siguientes apartados se abordará la temática relacionada con la evaluación educativa, la evaluación tradicional y alternativa, su carácter innovador, democrática y la perspectiva cultural de la misma. La Evaluación Educativa se ha venido aplicando de forma tradicional mayormente, aunque también existe el enfoque de la evaluación alternativa que, como su nombre lo indica, ha revolucionado el enfoque tradicionalista de la misma. Esta se ha convertido en innovadora, a esto se le suma su carácter de democrática para poder cambiar su perspectiva Cultural.En primer instancia, la evaluación educativa ha sido definida por diferentes autores usando diferentes elementos que vienen a enriquecer cada día ese concepto haciéndolo más completo e integrador. Por tanto, esta se ha aplicado en el medio escolar de una forma tradicional, esto significa que se hace a través de exámenes y pruebas escritas con el fin de obtener un número que satisfaga tanto a padres como maestros al asignar una cantidad para medir el conocimiento de sus hijos y alumnos.
Estudio descriptivo longitudinal y de concordancia diagnóstica entre Atención Primaria y Psicología del Programa de Soporte a Atención Primaria. Abstract
Authors: Garcia-Pedrajas Cristina , Marsó Bayona Espe , Pérez Ibáñez Olga , Ochoa Guerre Susana , Ventura Fornas Cristina 
Published: January 2018

<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Background: The objective was to describe the characteristics of a primary support program (PSP) and to analyze diagnostic concordance between primary care physicians (PCP) and psychologists over three years. Material and method: A descriptive, longitudinal prospective study over three years at five primary care centers in Barcelona. The sample was 1722 patients referred to psychology services. Descriptive statistics used to analyze sociodemographic variables and Cohen's Kappa to assess agreement. Results: The average waiting time between referral and first visit was 37.54 days. Stable over the three years were the number of highs (34%), the number of cases of not presenting to first visit (21.4%), treatment dropout (19.9%), and referrals to other services (19.5%). There was a low overall concordance between PCP and psychologist. PCP most frequently diagnosed anxiety disorder. Psychologists most frequently diagnosed depression and anxiety. The highest concordance (2010: 0.343, 2011: 0.456, 2012: 0.662 Kappa Index) was observed in the diagnosis of eating behavior disorders followed by depression (2010: 0.302, 2011: 0.367, 2012: 0.362) and anxiety (2010: 0.245, 2011: 0.278, 2012: 0.296). Conclusions: PSP offers specialized brief interventions in primary care. Progressive increase of slight concordance was observed between professionals, while remaining close to the baseline percentage, indicating the need for increased opportunities for consultation.</span></p>
Poster abstracts of GCB 2015
Authors: Eisenacher Martin , Rahnenführer Jörg , Mosig Axel , Rahmann Sven 
Published: January 2018

The German Conference on Bioinformatics (GCB) is an annual research conference bringing together researchers and practitioners in bioinformatics in Central Europe.
The poster session is and always has been an important part of GCB, as it gives an excellent overview of current bioinformatics research topics in Germany and other countries.At GCB 2015, there will be 57 posters on display, whose abstracts (together with the poster number) are collected in the present document. Poster prizes will be presented to the presenting author(s) of the best posters, as selected by the program committee.
Summertime dosage-dependent hypersensitivity to an angiotensin II receptor blocker
Authors: Forsdyke Donald R 
Published: January 2018

Background: Summertime dips in blood pressure (BP), both in normotensive and hypertensive subjects, are well known. However, the dips are small and are not related to particular forms or doses of antihypertensive medication. Nevertheless it is the practice in some quarters to decrease antihypertensive medication in summer, and/or to increase in winter. Large scale studies being inconclusive, there are calls for long-term examination of the relationship between environmental temperature and blood pressure in single individuals under medication.
Case presentation: While analyzing data from a subject whose BP had been controlled for a decade with the angiotensin-II receptor blocker losartan, an extreme, dosage-dependent, summertime dip came to light. Downward dosage adjustment appeared essential and may have prevented hypotension-related pathology.
Conclusion: The benefits of aggressive medication (the "J curve" phenomenon) being debated, the possibility of seasonal hypersensitivity, explicable in terms of differential signaling by countervailing receptors, should be taken into account when considering dosage adjustments in hypertensive subjects.
Sentieon DNA pipeline for variant detection - Software-only solution, over 20× faster than GATK 3.3 with identical results
Authors: Weber Jessica A. , Aldana Rafael , Gallagher Brendan D. , Edwards Jeremy S. 
Published: January 2018

Sentieon DNAseq Software is a suite of tools for running DNA sequencing secondary analyses. The Sentieon DNAseq Software produces identical results to the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) Best Practice Workflow using HaplotypeCaller, with more than a 20-fold increase in processing speed on the same hardware.
This paper presents a benchmark analysis of the GATK and Sentieon DNAseq software packages using publically available datasets from the 1000 genomes database, and includes speed comparisons and output concordance analyses.
Examining the foundations of heterogeneity-based management for promoting plant diversity in a disturbance-prone ecosystem
Authors: McGlinn Daniel J , Palmer Michael W 
Published: January 2018

The conservation of disturbance-prone ecosystems such as rangelands may depend on the spatial and temporal variation in the application of disturbances. Patch-burn management approaches attempt to increase overall landscape biodiversity by creating a mosaic of habitat patches using a patchy application of fire and grazing. Three fundamental assumptions underlay the patch-burn management approach: 1) fire and grazing drive spatial patch differentiation in community structure, 2) species composition of patches diverge through time in response to disturbance, 3) high spatio-temporal variation in fire and grazing results in high compositional variation and thus high landscape-scale diversity. We tested the first two assumptions of the patch-burn approach by comparing the importance of variation in management (changes in fire frequency and grazer species) relative to inherent sources of landscape heterogeneity at the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in Osage Co., Oklahoma, USA. We sampled 150 square 100 m2 quadrats on a 1 x 1 km UTM grid. We randomly selected 20 of those quadrats to annually resample for 12-years. We recorded visual cover of all vascular plant species rooted within each quadrat. We used variation partitioning within multiple regression and direct ordination frameworks to estimate the relative contribution of classes of variables on species richness and composition respectively.
Our results indicate that there was some support for the two assumptions underlying patch-burn management; however, independent spatial and temporal inherent landscape heterogeneity played a much larger role than management in shaping both plant richness and composition. The strength of inherent landscape heterogeneity on the plant community suggests that fine-tuning the application of fire and grazing is not critical for maintaining this community as long as fire and grazing remain part of the system. More generally, the effects of intrinsic spatiotemporal template on biodiversity may dominate even in disturbance-prone ecosystems.
Self-regulation (locomotion and assessment), well-being (subjective and psychological), and exercise behavior (frequency and intensity) in relation to high school pupils’ academic achievement
Authors: Garcia Danilo , Jimmefors Alexander , Mousavi Fariba , Adrianson Lillemor , Rosenberg Patricia , Archer Trevor 
Published: January 2018

Background: Self-regulation is the procedure implemented by an individual striving to reach a goal and consists of two inter-related strategies: assessment and locomotion. Moreover, both subjective and psychological well-being along exercise behavior might also play a role on adolescents academic achievement.
Method: Participants were 160 Swedish high school pupils (111 boys and 49 girls) with an age mean of 17.74 (sd = 1.29). We used the Assessment and Locomotion Scales to measure self-regulation; Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales short version, the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule to measure well-being and the Archer Ratio to measure exercise behavior. Academic achievement was operationalized through pupils’ the mean value of final grades in Swedish, Mathematics, English, and Physical Education.
Results: Academic achievement was positively associated to assessment, subjective well-being, and frequent/intensive exercise behaviour. Assessment was, however, negatively related to subjective well-being. Locomotion on the other hand was positively associated to subjective and psychological well-being and also to exercise behaviour.
Conclusions: Here we propose a dual (in)direct approach to increase pupils’ academic achievement and well-being—locomotion being related to frequently exercising and well-being, in turn, increasing academic achievement; while assessment being directly related to higher academic achievement.
Human Motion Project - Overview
Authors: Daumer Martin 
Published: January 2018

The vision of the Human Motion Project is to become a successful analogue of the Human Genome Project: improving human health by an open collaborative technology platform for the mobile medical monitoring of human motion. The basis is a growing “critical path toolbox” and a biomedical data warehouse for collecting, archiving, analysing, and disseminating human motion data including a library of validated algorithms.
The "human accelerom", i.e. objective long term information about a person's physical activity, carries information about health status and disease risk. It can be used to define novel outcome measures for clinical trials. Physical inactivity should be understood as a modifiable risk factor.
The spectacular human nose: an amplifier of individual quality?
Authors: Mikalsen Åse Rognmo , Folstad Ivar , Yoccoz Nigel G , Laeng Bruno 
Published: January 2018

Background: Amplifiers are signals that improve the perception of underlying differences in quality. They are cost free and advantageous to high quality individuals, but disadvantageous to low quality individuals, as poor quality is easier perceived because of the amplifier. For an amplifier to evolve, the average fitness benefit to the high quality individuals should be higher than the average cost for the low quality individuals. The human nose is, compared to the nose of most other primates, extraordinary large, fragile and easily broken – especially in male-male interactions. May it have evolved as an amplifier, allowing easy assessment of individual quality and influencing the perception of attractiveness?
Methods: We tested whether nose tip centrality had a particular influence on attractiveness by manipulating the position of the nose tip or, as a control, the mouth in facial pictures and had the pictures rated for attractiveness.
Results: Our results show that facial attractiveness is not influenced by mouth manipulations. Yet, facial attractiveness increased when the nose tip was artificially centered according to other facial features. Conversely, facial attractiveness decreased when the nose tip was displaced away from its central position.
Discussion: Our results suggest that the centering of the nose tip is important for evaluation of attractiveness, maybe because it has a particularly strong effect on our perception of facial symmetry or averageness. However, whether such centering is related to individual quality remains unclear.
A call for virtual experiments: accelerating the scientific process
Authors: Cooper Jonathan , Vik Jon Olav , Waltemath Dagmar 
Published: January 2018

Experimentation is fundamental to the scientific method, whether for exploration, description or explanation. In the exploration of a novel system, children and researchers alike will mess about with things just to see what happens. More formalized experimental protocols ensure reproducible results and form a basis for comparing systems in terms of their response to a specific stimulus. Finally, experiments can be carefully designed to distinguish between competing causal hypotheses based on their different testable predictions about the outcome of the experimental manipulation. One would therefore expect experiments to be central in computational biology too.
Indeed, a mathematical model embodies a thought experiment, a causal hypothesis, and its falsifiable predictions. It is easy to ask "what if" we were to change a parameter, an initial state, or the model structure. Papers in computational biology focus on describing and analyzing the effects of such changes, and on confronting models with experimental data. This confrontation often generates new hypotheses, and many if not most new models arise by modification of existing ones. However, most virtual experiments are not built to be reproducible, and thus die with the paper they are published in. This inhibits the critical scrutiny of models, as models are seldom subjected to the same simulation experiments as their predecessors, or revisited later in the light of new data. Perhaps worse, the status quo fails to take full advantage of experiments as a common language between modellers and experimentalists. Despite the growing availability of data and model repositories, there has been only a slow uptake of emerging tools and standards for documenting and sharing the protocols for simulation experiments and their results.
We argue that promoting the reuse of virtual experiments would vastly improve the usefulness and relevance of computational models, including in biomedical endeavours such as the Virtual Physiological Human and the Human Brain Project. We review the benefits of reusable virtual experiments: in specifying, assaying, and comparing the behavioural repertoires of models; as prerequisites for reproducible research; to guide model reuse and composition; and for quality assurance in the application of computational biology models. Next, we discuss potential approaches for implementing virtual experiments, arguing that models and experimental protocols should be represented separately, but annotated so as to facilitate the linking of models to experiments and data. We follow with some consideration of open questions and challenges that remain before the use of virtual experiments can become widespread. Lastly, we outline a vision for how the rigorous, streamlined confrontation between experimental datasets and candidate models would enable a "continuous integration" of biological knowledge, akin to the strategy used in software development.