bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Questions and Verbal Feedback and their Implications on Thai Undergraduate Student Participation
Authors: Tharawoot Yaowaret 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study investigated effects of teachers’ questions and verbal feedback on student participation in three undergraduate English conversation classes. The research instruments were observations, a questionnaire, and interviews. The results showed that for the question types, referential questions were the most frequently asked questions in two classrooms and display questions were more common asked questions in one class. Regarding effects of display and referential questions on student participation, longer student responses were elicited by referential questions (3.6 the average words per a referential question, but about 2 words per a display one). Concerning the verbal feedback types, the results showed the high occurrence of interactional feedback in all classes. For effects of evaluative and interactional feedback on student participation, surprisingly in two classes evaluative feedback was associated with longer statements and answers than interactional one. In terms of student satisfaction on questions and verbal feedback, from the questionnaire results it was seen that the students were satisfied with referential questions and interactional feedback. Another interesting result from the questionnaires was that the students were motivated to participate in classroom discussion by both teachers’ questions and verbal feedback. Regarding the effects of teachers’ questions and verbal feedback on student participation in general, the verbal feedback was associated with a bit longer statements and answers than the questions (3.4 the average words per verbal feedback, but about 3 words per question). It can be concluded that in these classes, both questions and verbal feedback had the potential to be supportive of different aspects of student learning. Since questions and verbal feedback allows teachers to increase or reduce students’ opportunities for discussion, it is necessary to select the appropriate type to support students’ participation. Teachers should develop their use of questions, verbal feedback, and aim for patterns of classroom communication that are appropriate for students’ abilities, interests and motivation.
A Blended Learning Approach to Academic Writing and Presentation Skills
Authors: Tuomainen Satu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBlended learning is a common learning mode in higher education which combines the use of online and face-to-face classroom learning. The use of blended learning for English for Academic Purposes (EAP) with non-native university students, however, can pose challenges from the methods and materials to the student perceptions. This article describes the blended learning implementation of an EAP course for academic writing and presentation skills and how the students perceived the blended course mode, methods, workload, learning atmosphere and challenges. Results indicate that non-native university students appreciated blended learning for the EAP course and found the flexibility and convenience of blended learning beneficial to their EAP learning. This encourages the further development of blended learning options for EAP writing and presentation skills as students no longer require the extensive classroom teaching context but instead adapt well to self-regulated and reflective learning of EAP.
Translation as Testimony: The Politics of Cultural Representation in Daoud Hari’s The Translator and Laura Esquivel’s Malinche
Authors: Farid Sonia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhen the Nahua woman known as La Malinche became the interpreter of Hernán Cortés, the conqueror of Mexico, she was not only carving her name as one of history’s most influential translators, but was also rendered one of the most enduring symbols of the cultural intricacies of translation. Malinche’s knowledge of both Spanish and Nahuatl and the way it made her instrumental in the conquerors’ success took her role from the level of linguistic mediator to that of an active agent in cultural transformation, or rather cultural erosion. Having used her linguistic abilities to help the invaders against her people, Malinche has since the conquest been labeled a traitor. Becoming Cortés’s mistress served to further confirm this idea. Yet, being arguably the bearer of the first “mestizo,” Malinche came to be perceived as the mother of the Mexican people and the progenitor of the new race. In both cases, La Malinche has till this moment been emblematic of the complexities of cultural representation.Laura Esquivel’s novel Malinche (2007) explores the heroine’s position at the crossroads between two cultures where the demarcations between the target and source languages are blurred as her allegiance is put into question. The act of translation is rendered ambivalent with the translator, being a slave to the Spaniards, lacking the free will for such a vocation, thus unable to choose sides or determine who she represents. She, however, could have played a major role in preserving the memory of her pre-Colombian world just before its eradication. Daoud Hari’s The Translator: A Tribesman’s Memory of Darfur (2008) offers a different perspective of the role of the translator. Hari, who belongs to the Zaghawa tribe in Western Sudan, acts as a mediator between his people, who are being subjected to systematic genocide by the government-backed Janjaweed militia, and the outside world. Through making the conscious decision to go back to Darfur, Hari turns his knowledge of English into the tool through which he can make the voice of his people heard, hence choosing to be their representative and taking upon himself the task of documenting their trauma.This paper tackles the nature of translation through comparing the role of the translators in both works and exploring the different levels of representation associated with the process of translation. This will be done through examining the loyalty-treason paradigm and how far it affects, positively and/or negatively, the role of the translator as the bearer of his/her people’s memory. The paper will, therefore, deal with the relation between translation and testimony and will investigate how far translation can, in this sense, complement storytelling as a means of chronicling and resistance.
Cultural Memory in the Novel Unterstadt by Ivana Šojat-Kuči
Authors: Sabljić Jakov , Oswald Tina Varga 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUnterstadt (2009) by Ivana Šojat-Kuči can serve as an example of a literary and artistic intervention in the process of cultural oblivion. It is a novel that has won numerous literary awards in Croatia for its innovativeness. For the first time, it tells a story in which minority culture members themselves narrate about their ideologically suppressed family memory in order to imaginatively (re)construct the past, considering the needs of re-examining the destiny of a bourgeois family of German ancestry in the town of Osijek. Themes such as reminiscence, remembering and raising awareness of the town space are a textual polygon for telling the story as a family saga about the destiny of women in four generations – great-grandmother, grandmother, mother, and daughter. Remembering and reminiscence are considered as social and cultural constructs that arise out of mutual interaction between the members of a specific family and community. Thereunto, the role of remembering and forgetting in the process of establishing historical events, female identity and the town’s toponymy as cultural/material objects should be determined, and vice versa, the role of culture-moulded objects in memory formation should be defined. There are three methodological approaches or perspectives to the reading of the novel. First, the historiographic layer of the novel is analysed, followed by the analysis of the town as a physical givenness and a cultural construct – a point of intersection of different identities, but also as an area of trauma. The issue of oblivion and reminiscence of the German national minority in the context of specifically female history is tackled as the third perspective. The novel Unterstadt is an example of a text presenting the mechanism of official remembering and forgetting and re-creation of the past by using the discursive act of narrating human fates conditioned by great historical events.
Internationalization of Universities and Teacher Preparation for the 21st Century
Authors: Kurincová Viera , Klimentová Anna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe living in 21st century’s global world has a great impact on various aspects of life in interdependent society. Teachers and educators are expected to be well prepared to teach in classrooms characterized by diversity in culture, language, abilities and other characteristics of pupils. The other challenge for teachers is to support development of new competences of pupils, competences, which enable them to understand global world and to be active participants in new living conditions. The task of teacher training institutions is to find the ways how to prepare globally competent teachers, as their training as well as a real educational practice has always been connected to the existing socio-historical context. The authors of presented paper pointed out some issues linked to the global competence of teachers and the requirements of globally competent students. The paper is focused on the importance of internationalization of future teachers’ preparation. Based on collected empirical data, the authors present possible ways, outcomes and benefits of international study stays of students (prospective teachers) for their professional growth, teachers’ competences and personal development.
Energy Production from Biogas: Competitiveness and Support Instruments in Latvia
Authors: Klāvs G. , Kundziņa A. , Kudrenickis I. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Use of renewable energy sources (RES) might be one of the key factors for the triple win-win: improving energy supply security, promoting local economic development, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The authors ex-post evaluate the impact of two main support instruments applied in 2010-2014 – the investment support (IS) and the feed-in tariff (FIT) – on the economic viability of small scale (up to 2MWel) biogas unit. The results indicate that the electricity production cost in biogas utility roughly corresponds to the historical FIT regarding electricity production using RES. However, if in addition to the FIT the IS is provided, the analysis shows that the practice of combining both the above-mentioned instruments is not optimal because too high total support (overcompensation) is provided for a biogas utility developer. In a long-term perspective, the latter gives wrong signals for investments in new technologies and also creates unequal competition in the RES electricity market. To provide optimal biogas utilisation, it is necessary to consider several options. Both on-site production of electricity and upgrading to biomethane for use in a low pressure gas distribution network are simulated by the cost estimation model. The authors’ estimates show that upgrading for use in a gas distribution network should be particularly considered taking into account the already existing infrastructure and technologies. This option requires lower support compared to support for electricity production in small-scale biogas utilities.
Use of Computer-Generated Holograms in Security Hologram Applications
Authors: Bulanovs A. , Bakanas R. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The article discusses the use of computer-generated holograms (CGHs) for the application as one of the security features in the relief-phase protective holograms. An improved method of calculating CGHs is presented, based on ray-tracing approach in the case of interference of parallel rays.
Software is developed for the calculation of multilevel phase CGHs and their integration in the application of security holograms. Topology of calculated computer-generated phase holograms was recorded on the photoresist by the optical greyscale lithography. Parameters of the recorded microstructures were investigated with the help of the atomic-force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The results of the research have shown highly protective properties of the security elements based on CGH microstructures. In our opinion, a wide use of CGHs is very promising in the structure of complex security holograms for increasing the level of protection against counterfeit.
Detection of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Coagulase Positive Staphylococci from Animal Origin Based on Conventional and Molecular Methods
Authors: Rusenova Nikolina Velizarova , Rusenov Anton Georgiev 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The present study aimed to detect Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) among other coagulase positive staphylococci from animal origin by using conventional methods (biochemical tests and latex agglutination) and a molecular method, based on the nuc gene, as the gold standard and to assess the usefulness of these methods. For this purpose, total of 344 staphylococcal isolates were collected and analysed. A total of 156 isolates suspicious for S. aureus were detected by a conventional biochemical method - 88 from cows, 18 from goats, 7 from pigs, 17 from poultry, 7 from rabbits and 19 from dogs. The majority of S. aureus strains gave typical biochemical reactions with the exception of 30 (19.2%) and 25 (16%) that were VP negative and weak positive in fermenting mannitol, respectively. Twelve strains were found to be non-haemolytic (7.7%) and four strains did not ferment trehalose (2.6%). Other staphylococci were identified as S. pseudintermedius (n = 103), S. hyicus (n = 23) and the rest were coagulase-negative staphylococci. Latex agglutination test resulted in rapid positive reactions with S. aureus with exception of 5 strains (3.2%) from cow mastitis milk. Positive agglutination reactions were also established with S. pseudintermedius, and S. hyicus. PCR confirmed all strains that were preliminary identified as S. aureus by amplification of 270 bp fragment of nuc gene specific for this species. The atypical reactions in certain strains established in this study have shown that the precise detection of S. aureus from animal origin should be done by combination of conventional and molecular methods.
Pow, Punch, Pika, and Chu: The Structure of Sound Effects in Genres of American Comics and Japanese Manga
Authors: Pratha Nimish K. , Avunjian Natalie , Cohn Neil 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAs multimodal works, comics are characterized as much by their use of language as by the style of their images. Sound effects in particular are exemplary of comics’ language-use, and we explored this facet of comics by analyzing a corpus of books from genres in the United States (mainstream and independent) and Japan (shonen/boys’ and shojo/girls’). We found variation between genres and between cultures across several properties of the content and presentation of sound effects. Foremost, significant differences arose between the lexical categories of sound effects (ex. onomatopoetic:
Multimodal Legitimation Strategies on TV Cooking Shows
Authors: Matwick Keri 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTelevision cooking shows have grown in popularity within the last two decades. As a media text, they reflect the surrounding culture and social practices and elicit various emotional responses in people. As a multimodal text, television shows utilize multiple modes to create meaning. Based on the view of cooking shows as a multimodal texts, this paper draws on Kress and Van Leeuwen’s social semiotic approach and examines how multimodal elements (linguistic, visual, sound, spatial, gestural) convey the authority of the tv host. In doing so, five different tactics from Van Leeuwen’s legitimation theory – personal, expert, role model, tradition, and conformity – of authority are identified and revealed. This paper provides an analysis of cooking shows that has resulted in a better understanding of the ways in which authority is constructed multimodally, and subsequently contributes to developing applications of multimodal analytical approaches in linguistic, cultural, and communication studies.
»Orientfahrten«
Authors: Stein Oliver 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Eine Reise in den Orient gehörte am Vorabend des Ersten Weltkrieges zu denjenigen Unternehmungen, die zwar viele ersehnten, die jedoch nur wenigen möglich waren. Die erzwungene Massenmobilität im global geführten Ersten Weltkrieg aber ermöglichte es Tausenden von Deutschen als Soldaten in die Gegend zu gelangen, die ihnen bereits durch ihre Jugendlektüre als vertraut erschien. In diesem Beitrag wird auf der Grundlage von Tagebüchern, Feldpostbriefen und Erinnerungen gezeigt, dass ungeachtet des Zwangscharakters, den der Kriegseinsatz für den Einzelnen hatte, das Reiseerleben die dominierende Rolle in der Wahrnehmung und Erinnerung der im Osmanischen Reich dienenden Soldaten einnahm. Damit unterschied sich die Kriegserfahrung dieser Soldaten grundlegend von derjenigen ihrer Kameraden an den europäischen Fronten. Auf keinem anderen Kriegsschauplatz war eine Verdrängung des Krieges und des auch dort gegenwärtigen Leidens derart wirksam. Stattdessen wurden die Erfüllung von Sehnsüchten und das Gefühl von Freiheit zu den bestimmenden Merkmalen deutscher Kriegserfahrung im Osmanischen Reich. Letztlich ergab sich aus der Erfahrung des Krieges als Reise vielfach auch eine Erweiterung des persönlichen Horizonts.
Kein Vergessen.
Authors: Schütz Mathias 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel behandelt die ersten Kontakte zwischen westeuropäischen und deutschen Veteranen nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Diese Kontakte wurden von der Union Européenne des Féderaliste initiiert, führten in den Jahren 1952/53 zu verschiedenen Zusammenkünften und hatten die Gründung einer europäischen Veteranenorganisation zum Ziel. Die Veteranentreffen und die sie begleitenden Diskussionen stellten einen Versuch dar, die europäische Einbindung der Bundesrepublik voranzutreiben und den nationalen Perspektiven auf die Vergangenheit in Deutschland wie in Westeuropa ein gemeinsames europäisches Narrativ entgegenzusetzen. Die Auseinandersetzung mit Konfliktpunkten wie der Waffen-SS, den Kriegsverbrecherprozessen und der Résistance, die während dieser kurzen, aber intensiven Episode der europäischen Veteranenkontakte geführt wurden, verdeutlichen das Verständnis und die Bedeutung des »deutschen Problems« in der frühen europäischen Einigungsgeschichte.
The Road Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Evaluation and Maintenance: A Case Study of Yemen
Authors: Karim Fareed M.A. , Rubasi Khaled Abdul Haleem , Saleh Ali Abdo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The pavement condition index (PCI) is a simple, convenient and inexpensive way to monitor the condition of the surface of roads, identify maintenance and rehabilitation (M-and-R) needs as well as ensure that road maintenance budgets are spent wisely. In this research, the pavement condition was evaluated in terms of the surface distresses existing at the time of the field evaluation. The PCI procedure was used in this research because it deals with the subject of pavement distress identification most comprehensively and is based on a sound statistical technique of pavement sampling.
Because of limited maintenance fund availability in Yemen, timely and rational determination of M-and-R needs and priorities are very important factors. The PAVER™ (1982) condition rating procedure, as described in the Technical Manual TM 5-623, Pavement Maintenance Management, which is based on the PCI, was used in this study to evaluate a major heavy-traffic road corridor connecting Aden city (the commercial capital of Yemen) with major cities located in the northern region of the country. Based on the PCI of the road sections, the necessary maintenance or rehabilitation procedure is suggested.
Mathematics Admission Test Remarks
Authors: Ideon Erge , Aruvee Eve 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Since 2014, there have been admission tests in mathematics for applicants to the Estonian University of Life Sciences for Geodesy, Land Management and Real Estate Planning; Civil Engineering; Hydraulic Engineering and Water Pollution Control; Engineering and Technetronics curricula. According to admission criteria, the test must be taken by students who have not passed the specific mathematics course state exam or when the score was less than 20 points. The admission test may also be taken by those who wish to improve their state exam score. In 2016, there were 126 such applicants of whom 63 took the test. In 2015, the numbers were 129 and 89 and in 2014 150 and 47 accordingly. The test was scored on scale of 100. The arithmetic average of the score was 30.6 points in 2016, 29.03 in 2015 and 18.84 in 2014. The test was considered to be passed with 1 point in 2014 and 20 points in 2015 and 2016. We analyzed test results and gave examples of problems which were solved exceptionally well or not at all.
How to Recognize and Avoid Potential, Possible, or Probable Predatory Open-Access Publishers, Standalone, and Hijacked Journals
Authors: Danevska Lenche , Spiroski Mirko , Donev Doncho , Pop-Jordanova Nada , Polenakovic Momir 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Introduction and aim: The Internet has enabled an easy method to search through the vast majority of publications and has improved the impact of scholarly journals. However, it can also pose threats to the quality of published articles. New publishers and journals have emerged so-called open-access potential, possible, or probable predatory publishers and journals, and so-called hijacked journals. It was our aim to increase the awareness and warn scholars, especially young researchers, how to recognize these journals and how to avoid submission of their papers to these journals.

Methods: Review and critical analysis of the relevant published literature, Internet sources and personal experience, thoughts, and observations of the authors.

Results: The web blog of Jeffrey Beall, University of Colorado, was greatly consulted. Jeffrey Beall is a Denver academic librarian who regularly maintains two lists: the first one, of potential, possible, or probable predatory publishers and the second one, of potential, possible, or probable predatory standalone journals. Aspects related to this topic presented by other authors have been discussed as well.

Conclusion: Academics should bear in mind how to differentiate between trustworthy and reliable journals and predatory ones, considering: publication ethics, peer-review process, international academic standards, indexing and abstracting, preservation in digital repositories, metrics, sustainability, etc.