bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milk as an Essential Source of Iodine in Latvian Population
Authors: Neimane Lolita Vija , Konrade Ilze , Avotiņa Gita , Klaviņa Aneka , Zagorska Jeļena , Martinsone Inese , Cauce Vinita , Kalere Ieva , Baylon Vincenzo , Lejnieks Aivars 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Milk and dairy products are studied as alternative iodine sources, because salt iodisation is controversial due to high salt consumption leading to cardiovascular diseases. However, the iodine concentration in milk markedly varies. This study evaluated the iodine concentration in cow’s milk available in the Latvian market. Iodine and fat concentration was analysed with a spectrophotometer “Varian Cary 50” based ISO 2446:2008 in 20 milk samples. Data from the Central Statistical Bureau and survey among pregnant women were used to analyse milk product consumption and its impact on iodine status. Average iodine concentration in milk samples was 457.6 (179.6) μg/L, winter samples had a higher concentration of iodine than summer samples: 563.4 (329.6) μg/L and 469.2 (162.0) μg/L, but this is not statistically significant p < 0.05. Iodine concentration in skimmed milk was 490 μg/L, milk with the reduced fat content 501.7 (174.8) μg/L, and whole milk — 422.6 (192.1)1 μg/L. Milk consumption decreased from 2002 to 2014, while yogurt and cheese consumption increased. Higher consumption of milk and milk products was related to higher urinary iodine concentration ρ = 0.115; p = 0.003. Milk and milk products are an important iodine source in Latvia and their consumption should be promoted.
Glycaemic Profile and Insulin Response after Consuming Triticale Flakes
Authors: Havensone Guna , Meija Laila , Balode Līga , Stūrīte Ieviņa , Lejnieks Aivars 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Daily intake of cereal fibre reduces incidence and progression of metabolic diseases. Very little is known on how triticale (Triticosecale) influences human health and its role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of the study was to investigate glycaemic and insulin response in blood after consuming whole grain triticale cereal flakes. A group of twelve healthy, young people, aged from 18 to 30 years participated in the test. The participants in fasted state were given equivalent carbohydrate amounts of triticale cereal and reference food (glucose solution). Postprandial blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured according to Brouns et al. (2005). Whole grain triticale cereal flakes elicited lower metabolic responses compared to glucose solution. Intake of the triticale cereal flakes induced significantly lower incremental insulin area (iAUC 0–120 min) 1672.9 ± 619.85 than glucose solution 2646.65 ± 1260.56 and showed lower insulinemic indices (II) 68 ± 19.0 (p < 0.05). A low insulin incremental peak was associated with less severe late post-prandial hypoglycaemia. Our study showed that triticale cereal product caused low acute insulinemic response and improved glycaemic profiles, similarly to the rye products studied before. The results also suggested that the triticale cereal flakes could have beneficial appetite regulating properties. Thus, triticale flakes would be a wonderful option for functional breakfast cereal mixtures that might influence course of metabolic syndrome prevention
Changes of Polyphenol Compound Concentrations in Hybrids of Nante Type Carrots during Storage
Authors: Augšpole Ingrīda , Kince Tatjana , Cinkmanis Ingmārs 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe main purpose of the study was to determine changes of polyphenol concentrations in hybrids of Nante type carrots during storage. Fresh Nante type ‘Forto’ variety carrots and carrot hybrids ‘Bolero’ F1, ‘Champion’ F1, and ‘Maestro’ F1 were cultivated in the Zemgale region of Latvia. Carrots were stored for six months in air (+3 ± 1 °C, RH = 89 ± 1%) and polyphenol compound concentrations were determined at two month intervals. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine concentrations of eight polyphenols in carrots: gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, vanillin, and rutin. Significant differences occurred in polyphenol concentrations of fresh Nante type variety ‘Forto’ carrots and several hybrids (‘Bolero’ F1, ‘Champion’ F1, and ‘Maestro’ F1) during storage. After six months of storage, the concentration of polyphenol compounds of Nante type carrots decreased — caffeic acid by 64.6%, chlorogenic acid — by 37.9% and vanillin — by 81.5%. However, during storage, concentration of some polyphenol compounds increased, as catechin by 30.5%, epicatechin by 85.2%, gallic acid by 48.5% and ferulic acid by 87.9%.
Microorganisms of Grape Berries
Authors: Kántor Attila , Mareček Ján , Ivanišová Eva , Terentjeva Margarita , Kačániová Miroslava 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGrape surface is an unstable habitat that changes greatly according to the stage of grape ripening. Different bacteria and yeasts can colonise the surface of grape berry and the diversity of microorganisms depends on the stage of ripening, pesticide application and health condition. The aim of this study was to study the microflora of the surface of grape berries. Altogether, 19 grape samples from Slovakia were collected. The spread plate method was applied and a 100 μL inoculum of each dilution (10−2, 10−3) was plated on TSA, MEA, and MRS agar for isolation of microorganisms from grapes. Proteins were extracted from cells by ethanol/formic acid extraction procedure. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry was used for identification of microorganisms. In total, 11 genera of Gram-negative bacteria, 11 of Gram-positive bacteria and nine of yeasts were identified. Among 200 isolates, Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts represented 11%, 27% and 62% of the total number of isolates studied. The most common genera of isolated yeasts were Hanseniaspora (37%), Metschnikowia (31%), and Rhodotorula (10%). The most frequently isolated among Gram-negative bacteria were Acinetobacter (22%), Pseudomonas (22%) and Sphingomonas (13%). The most common genera of Gram-positive bacteria were Bacillus (20%), Lactobacillus (19%), Leuconostoc and Staphylococcus (11%), respectively.
Influence of HorseradishAmorica rusticanaL. and LovageLevisticum officinaleL. Extracts on the Stability of Rapeseed Oil
Authors: Tomsone Lolita , Krūma Zanda 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this study the efficiency of horseradishAmorica rusticanaleaf, andLevisticum officinalelovage leaf and stem extracts for the stabilisation of rapeseed oil during storage was evaluated. Plant extracts were added to unrefined rapeseed oil in a concentration of 1% by weight, which was chosen based on the results of previous experiments studying the possibilities of the addition of different concentrations of plant extracts for extending the shelf life of the oil. As a control a rapeseed oil sample without extracts was analysed, and for comparison butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the maximum allowed concentration was added to the oil. The efficiency of the extracts in oil was tested in the dark and in the light/dark cycles (day/night regime). For all samples the peroxide value, acid value and DPPH scavenging activity were determined. The oil samples with the added plant extracts stored in the dark oxidised significantly (p< 0.05) slower than the control sample and the sample with BHT. After 24 weeks of storage, the lowest peroxide value was in the sample with the lovage stem extract. The extracts contain compounds that could absorb light (for example chlorophyll) and in the light/dark conditions accelerate oxidation in oil. Among the analysed extracts the lovage stem extract was the most effective oil oxidation inhibitor, but horseradish leaf extract was the most effective DPPH radical scavenger.
Considerations Regarding the Legal Regime of the State of Siege in Romania
Authors: Stoian Alexandru 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Considered to be one of the most important functions of the state, the national defense encompasses all the measures adopted both in peacetime and in crisis or war situations in order to guarantee the national sovereignty, independence and unity of the state. An appropriate training for the complexity of a crisis situation can not exclude the proper legal foundation, because without a well-built legislative structure the response to a threat against the state may be delayed or inexistent.
In order to ensure the normative framework, alongside the Romanian Constitution, the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 1/1999 offers, even with small gaps, the legal elements necessary for the realization of a unitary system of response to crisis in which various public, civil and military authorities intertwine their attributions in the establishment and implementation of siege-specific measures.
Practical Aspects Regarding Conditions of Closing Traffic and Setting Traffic Restrictions for Both the Execution of Works in Public Roads Area and/or the Protection of Roads
Authors: Tudor Vasile 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Institutions and authorities involved in organizing, structuring and signaling traffic are represented, on one hand, by the Romanian Police through its structures of traffic police as the main body with responsibilities in the field and, on the other, by the administrators of public roads depending on material and territorial competence.
The administrators of public roads are those mentioned in the Government Ordinance no. 43/1997 regarding the legal regime of roads, as amended to date, namely: the National Company of Administration of Roads Infrastructure subordinated to the Ministry of Transportation – for national roads, the County Councils – for county roads and the Local Councils – for local interest roads, national or county road sectors, including artwork, arrangements and related accessories, located in built-up urban areas.
In their turn, the County and Local Councils operate in the organization and systematization of traffic by both the Commission of Systematization of Roads and the committees of single agreement.
Financial Risk Management
Authors: Jirásková Soňa 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper analyses financial risk management at the Ministry of Defence of the Slovak Republic. In its first part, the author defines the basic terms related to risk management, explains the negative consequences of risks and points to the importance of financial risk management. The second part of the paper is concerned with the risk management process at the Ministry of Defence of the Slovak Republic relating to financial management.
Iron oxide-based catalysts for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH3
Authors: Husnain Naveed , Wang Enlu , Li Kai , Anwar Muhammad Tuoqeer , Mehmood Aamir , Gul Mustabshirha , Li Deli , Mao Jinda 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSelective catalytic reduction (SCR) is now an established NOxremoval technology for industrial flue gas as well as for diesel engine exhaust gas. However, it is still a big challenge to develop a novel low-temperature catalyst for NH3-SCR of NOx, especially at a temperature below 200°C. In the past few years, many studies have demonstrated the potential of iron (Fe)-based catalysts as low-temperature catalysts for NH3-SCR of NOx. Herein, we summarize the recent progress and performance of Fe-based catalysts for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx. Catalysts are divided into three categories: single FexOy, Fe-based multimetal oxide, and Fe-based multimetal oxide with support catalysts. The catalytic activity and selectivity of Fe-based catalysts are systematically analyzed and summarized in light of some key factors such as activation energy, specific surface area, morphology, crystallinity, preparation method and precursor, acid sites, calcination temperature, other metal dopant/substitute, and redox property of catalysts. In addition, H2O/SO2tolerance and the NH3-SCR reaction mechanism over Fe-based catalysts, including Eley-Rideal and Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, are emphasized. Lastly, the perspectives and future research directions of low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOxare also proposed.
Accuracy Analysis of a Wireless Indoor Positioning System Using Geodetic Methods
Authors: Wagner Przemysław , Woźniak Marek , Odziemczyk Waldemar , Pakuła Dariusz 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Ubisense RTLS is one of the Indoor positioning systems using an Ultra Wide Band. AOA and TDOA methods are used as a principle of positioning. The accuracy of positioning depends primarily on the accuracy of determined angles and distance differences. The paper presents the results of accuracy research which includes a theoretical accuracy prediction and a practical test. Theoretical accuracy was calculated for two variants of system components geometry, assuming the parameters declared by the system manufacturer. Total station measurements were taken as a reference during the practical test. The results of the analysis are presented in a graphical form. A sample implementation (MagMaster) developed by Globema is presented in the final part of the paper.
Investigation of Stability of Precise Geodetic Instruments Used in Deformation Monitoring
Authors: Woźniak Marek , Odziemczyk Waldemar 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Monitoring systems using automated electronic total stations are an important element of safety control of many engineering objects. In order to ensure the appropriate credibility of acquired data, it is necessary that instruments (total stations in most of the cases) used for measurements meet requirements of measurement accuracy, as well as the stability of instrument axis system geometry. With regards to the above, it is expedient to conduct quality control of data acquired using electronic total stations in the context of performed measurement procedures. This paper presents results of research conducted at the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography at Warsaw University of Technology investigating the stability of “basic” error values (collimation, zero location for V circle, inclination), for two types of automatic total stations: TDA 5005 and TCRP 1201+. Research provided also information concerning the influence of temperature changes upon the stability of investigated instrument’s optical parameters. Results are presented in graphical analytic technique. Final conclusions propose methods, which allow avoiding negative results of measuring tool-set geometry changes during conducting precise deformation monitoring measurements.
Fuzzy Similarity and Fuzzy Inclusion Measures in Polyline Matching: A Case Study of Potential Streams Identification for Archaeological Modelling in GIS
Authors: Ďuračiová Renata , Rášová Alexandra , Lieskovský Tibor 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
When combining spatial data from various sources, it is often important to determine similarity or identity of spatial objects. Besides the differences in geometry, representations of spatial objects are inevitably more or less uncertain. Fuzzy set theory can be used to address both modelling of the spatial objects uncertainty and determining the identity, similarity, and inclusion of two sets as fuzzy identity, fuzzy similarity, and fuzzy inclusion. In this paper, we propose to use fuzzy measures to determine the similarity or identity of two uncertain spatial object representations in geographic information systems. Labelling the spatial objects by the degree of their similarity or inclusion measure makes the process of their identification more efficient. It reduces the need for a manual control. This leads to a more simple process of spatial datasets update from external data sources. We use this approach to get an accurate and correct representation of historical streams, which is derived from contemporary digital elevation model, i.e. we identify the segments that are similar to the streams depicted on historical maps.
Regeneration of urban and post-industrial areas within the context of adaptation to climate change – the Polish perspective
Authors: Gorgoń Justyna 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAdaptation to climate change has become an important element of urban policy development in the member states of the European Union. These issues are dealt with in EU documents, as well as in national and local strategies and city adaptation plans. In Poland, the challenge of preparing for climate change has been presented in the Strategic Adaptation Plan for Sectors and Areas Sensitive to Climate Change in Poland within the Perspective of 2030 referring to sectors and areas sensitive to the impact of climate change. Adaptation to climate change is a key element in creating spatial policy for cities and urbanised areas at different levels. One of the most important issues of this policy is the quality of the renovated urban areas and its role in connecting-up and strengthening adaptation capacity. Among the strategic areas indicated in the above-mentioned document, there is also urban policy taking climate change into consideration. One of the selected problem areas relating to the development of urban policy is the renewal and strengthening of the development potential of towns and cities via the regeneration of degraded urban areas and post-industrial land in cities. Both local authorities, entities whose professional role is to deal with urban issues, and the inhabitants of urbanised areas face a twofold challenge. This consists of enhancing the quality of urban areas via regeneration and strengthening the city’s potential for adaptation. That is why it is extremely important to notice the interconnections and opportunities provided by urban renewal and regeneration programmes and projects in the context of adaptation to climate change. Synergy of activities in those two areas of urban policy may bring about very measurable benefits and may enable a cohesive solution to be adopted with regard to many crucial environmental, social, and economic problems.
Urban development under EU cohesion policy – an example of major cities in Poland
Authors: Murzyn Dorota 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
One of the objectives of Poland’s accession to the European Union was to accelerate modernisation and development processes both nationally and locally. Cohesion policy measures provide a way to support these modernisation processes, and cities, especially large ones, play a particular role in this regard. The study aims to assess the role of EU cohesion policy funds in urban development in Poland (with the example of major cities – cities with poviat status). The expenditure on the implementation of projects financed with EU funds accounts for more than half of the investment expenditure of cities with poviat status. Placing it in the context of the full spectrum of public intervention, as well as investments by businesses and other actors on the territories of cities, those cities are the largest beneficiaries of EU cohesion funds in Poland. In the light of the results of quantitative research it can be said that the implementation of cohesion policy is important for large cities and has had an impact on the improvement of their economic situation. By analysing the thematic structure of the projects that have been carried out and co-financed with EU funds we can see that they have contributed to smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, but the scale of this impact should be the subject of further research.
Accessibility of Brzozów by public transport on a local, regional and national scale
Authors: Fiedeń Łukasz 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Major changes can be observed in the way that the public transport system in Poland operates as a result of the structural and ownership transformations of the former state-owned Motor Transport Company (Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Samochodowej [PKS]). An analysis was carried out of the town’s existing public transport connections in order to determine the impact of these changes on the mobility of the residents of a small town. The town of Brzozów was selected for the research. After August 2013, PKS Krosno S.A. withdrew from the provision of services on many bus routes in that area.
The external accessibility of public transport in Brzozów was presented at three scales: local, intra-regional and national. Each of these has its own characteristics, and the bus routes provided on each of these scales have different significance for the inhabitants and the functioning of the economy.
Accessibility by public transport in Brzozów is very good and strongly correlated with the city’s functional links on local, regional and national scales. The main transport axis of the city is the route connecting Rzeszów (the capital of Podkarpackie Province) with the Bieszczady Mountains (an area of great value for tourism).
On the local market, the desire to adapt the carriers’ provision to the needs of students and the employees of large companies, while providing for university students on the market for long-distance transport, provided the main motivations for changes in the public transport system in the area of Brzozów Municipality.
The foodservice business in big Polish cities
Authors: Gheribi Edyta 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article presents the development of the foodservice industry in major cities in Poland. The paper uses secondary sources of information such as data of the Central Statistical Office (CSO), business reports, and industry newsletters and publications. The research period was the years 2000–2015. A comparative method was applied to the analysis of the data and material collected. Analysis shows that foodservice businesses form one of the most vigorous sectors in Poland. The number of foodservice enterprises changed in every year since the start of analysis in 2000. Also in more recent years the revenue from foodservice activity grew significantly. The development of foodservice enterprises differs between cities in Poland, and is affected by various factors whose interrelations with it are correlated in different ways. Intensive development is particularly often found in major cities (metropolises), where residents earn higher than average incomes, and in attractive tourist destinations. The geographic distribution of foodservice enterprises in the regions of Poland is uneven: the highest concentration of enterprises is in the Mazowieckie voivodeship. Warsaw, capital of Poland takes first place in the country in terms of the number of foodservice enterprises. Foodservice enterprises have shown a significant improvement in quality and variety of services.