bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the duration of untreated illness (DUI) in the first episode psychosis Program (FEP) in AGS South Granada
Authors: Girela Serrano B. , Guerrero Jiménez M. , Carrillo de Albornoz Calahorro C.M. , Rodrigo Manzano J.A. , Martínez García O.B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDuration of untreated illness (DUI) has been considered as a relevant variable used to measure the degree of disabilities that are associated with psychotic disorders. In this paper we describe a cluster of patients with a DUI superior to 1 year according to their symptoms and sociofamiliar functioning.MethodsWe compare a group with a DUI superior to 1 year (n = 7) against a group with a DUI inferior to 1 year (n = 17).ResultsThe group with a DUI superior to 1 year showed an average age of 4 years younger (21) as the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) of 1 to 3 months in the 80% of cases and higher percentage of unemployed or without occupation. The 60% were derived from primary care, compared to the 17% of the other group. Although the consumption of toxic substances was similar in both groups, no toxic psychosis were found in comparison with the 35% present in the group with a DUI inferior to 1 year. PANSS’ profile scored more positive and less negative symptoms. Both have similar general psychopathology. There were group differences in the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) with lower scores in the superior to 1 year DUI, in the following scales: Prosocial, Autonomy, Execution and Employment. The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) gives an average of almost 8 points higher.DiscussionWhile the SFS shows significant differences in several areas of social functioning, both PANSS’ profile and the family questionnaire do not support greater deterioration, as evidenced in the GAF's average score.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Institutionalization of patients with schizophrenia in the modern era
Authors: Ifteni P. , Szalontay A. , Teodorescu A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPatients with schizophrenia requiring long-term institutionalization represent cases with poor outcome, often leading to high costs for patients and family and constituting a huge economical burden for society if patients are young.AimsThe aims were the evaluation of patient hospitalized for long period in a psychiatric hospital for chronic patients.ObjectivesThe objectives of the study were identification of characteristics and predictors of institutionalization in schizophrenia.MethodsRetrospective study of all institutionalized patients with schizophrenia in Brasov County, Romania, with a DSM-IV-TR lifetime diagnosis of schizophrenia institutionalized between 1995 and 2014.ResultsInstitutionalized patients between 2005 and 2014 (n = 172) had lower age (51.15 vs. 57.08, P < 0.05) and lower age at institutionalization compared with patients admitted between 1995 and 2004. Lower education level (8.23 vs. 13.22, P < 0.05), only one parent, multiple antipsychotics treatments and suboptimal response under first generation long acting antipsychotics are predictors for institutionalization. Haloperidol is the main treatment option (42.54%) followed by olanzapine 17.1% and clozapine 10.24%.ConclusionsOur study showed a tendency to institutionalize patients with schizophrenia at the younger age compared with past decades. Early intervention in psychosis, controlled treatment with SGAs should be solutions to avoid institutionalization of young patients with schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychogenic polydipsia and schizophrenia
Authors: Maroto Martín L. , Hervías Higueras P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPsychogenic Polydipsia is defined as the desire to drink liquid in big quantities with an inappropriate activation of the mechanisms of thirst without loss of liquid for urine. This disorder is frequent enough and can derive in a water poisoning, a clinical presentation of high mortality.ObjectiveReview of the Psychogenic Polydipsia in patients with schizophrenia and theoretical discussion of a case report.MethodsA case report of a 58-year-old male, admitted in hospital with a clinical presentation of hyponatremia with severe low serum osmolarity secondary to Psychogenic Polydipsia. As psychiatric history he has a diagnosis of Paranoid Schizophrenia for forty years in treatment with Paliperidone 6 mg: 1-0-0, Haloperidol 10 mg: 0-0-0.5, Quetiapina 300 mg: 0-0-1, Trazodona 100 mg: 0-0-1, Ketazolam 30 mg: 0-0-1, Diazepam 10 mg: 0-0-1.DiscussionPsychogenic Polydipsia is not included in any section of current psychiatric classifications as specific diagnosis. There are several psychiatric disorders that may present with psychogenic polydipsia; however, the most common cause appears to be schizophrenia.ConclusionsMechanisms of hyponatremia in patients with schizophrenia are not well clarified; nevertheless, dopamine seems to be the common link between psychogenic polydipsia and schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical correlates of comorbid chronic tics and Tourette syndrome in a National Inpatient Children's Unit
Authors: Zinna S. , Kyriakopoulos M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionChronic tics and Tourette syndrome (TS) can be comorbid with several neuropsychiatric conditions and may add to the complexity of children's clinical presentation and need for inpatient input.ObjectivesTo review the clinical notes of all children admitted to a National Children's Inpatient Unit (aged up to 12 years) over a 5-year period and analyse their demographic and clinical characteristics including the presence of chronic tics/TS.AimsTo assess the clinical correlates of comorbid chronic tics/TS in an inpatient preadolescent population.MethodsA retrospective naturalistic study of all patients admitted to our unit from 2009 to 2014 was conducted. Children with and without chronic tics/TS were compared in terms of age, gender, family history of mental illness, history of neurodevelopmental problems in siblings, medication on admission and at discharge, length of admission and functional outcomes using Chi2 and t-tests for categorical and continuous data respectively.ResultsA total of 133 children (mean age = 11.2 years) were included. Twenty-five (18.8%) were diagnosed with chronic tics/TS. Autism spectrum disorder was the most commonly comorbid diagnosis (84%), with the second most common being an anxiety disorder/OCD (52%). Statistically significant higher percentages of learning disability, neurodevelopmental problems in siblings, medication at discharge and longer inpatient admissions were identified in children with tics compared with the rest of the sample. No other differences were found.ConclusionsThe prevalence of chronic tics/TS in children needing inpatient treatment is significant. In our sample, chronic tics/TS seem to represent a marker of increased neurodevelopmental deviance and overall symptom severity.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sexology population characterization – a two years’ experience at a Lisbon specialized centre
Authors: Varregoso M.I. , Borges G. , Xavier R. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionWithin psychiatry, sexology is a very particular area of expertise both by the nature and specificity of its diagnosis, as by the various difficulties and challenges their patients place. Sexology is a sub-specialty niche, but also a vast universe that covers such diverse conditions as paraphilia, gender dysphoria or sexual dysfunction. The sexology consultation of Santa Maria Hospital (HSM) is one of the biggest centers specialized in sexual disorders in the country. Consultations depend on the collaboration of a sexologist psychiatrist and psychiatry residents in close connection with endocrinology, urology and plastic surgery services.ObjectiveWe intend to conduct a characterization of the population observed in the HSM sexology consultation, in a period of 2 years, from the analyses of different general and diagnosis-specific relevant variables.MethodsWe intent to make a descriptive analysis of the population that attended the sexology consultation over the last 2 years. The sample study refers to all patients who have been specifically referred to sexology department or that directly requested access to this consultation. Data will be collected from medical computer records.ResultsThrough systematic evaluation of different variables we can possibly conclude by some putative associations. A comprehensive characterization of this particular population is a possible method for a better and deeper insight on the diagnosis itself.ConclusionsThe purpose of this work is to increase peers’ sensitivity both to sexology and to the patients sexology serves.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Human factors in driving accidents: A cognitive investigation in the Gulf context
Authors: Alotaibi Y. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionHuman factors have been reported as the reason behind the majority of car accidents. However, to date, no studies at least in the Arab world generally and Gulf area specifically, conducted a comprehensive examination of cognitive functioning as potential predictors of car accidents and driving violations.ObjectivesExamining the role of cognitive functions e.g., verbal working memory, attentional control as predictors of traffic accidents and driving violations.AimsExamining the predictability of individual's cognition of occurrence of driving violations and accidents.MethodsThe study was carried on a sample of hundred and thirty two participants whose age ranged between 24 and 31 years. They were classified into groups of violators and non-violators, accident free and accident involved as well. Cognitive functioning were measured using self-reports and task performance, and a series of ANOVAS as well as stepwise multiple regressions were conducted to test the research hypothesis.ResultsFindings showed significant differences between violators and non-violators and between the accident free and accident involved groups in almost all of the considered factors, except for the decision making factor. Moreover, Pearson product-moment correlations showed that there were significant negative correlations between age, driving violations, and cognitive performance and the accidents.ConclusionsHuman cognition such as executive functioning and mental planning are key factors for predicting driving behavior and traffic accidents. The study results have many implications in diagnosing and preventing or at least reducing driving violations and road accidents.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
DECIDE Study: Effectiveness of shared decision-making in treatment planning at discharge of inpatient with schizophrenia. Experience after 20 months of the study
Authors: Revuelta J. Pérez , Paño J.M. Pascual , Ruiz-Granados I. Lara , Saiz F. Gonzalez , Gomez C. Rodriguez , Juan J.M. Mongil San , Celis M. Ayerbe de , Garcia M. Pavon , Morales J. Mestre , Rio M.J. Garcia del , Vida R. Guerrero , Moreno J.M. Villagran 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionShared decision-making denotes a structured process that encourages full participation by patient and provider in making complex medical decisions. There has been extensive and growing interest in its application to long-term illnesses but surprisingly not in severe psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. However, the great majority of schizophrenics are capable of understanding treatment choices and making rational decisions. Although the main justification for shared decision-making is ethical, several randomized controlled trials support its effectiveness in improving the quality of decisions, but robust evidence in objective health outcomes is needed.Aims and objectivesOf the study: to demonstrate the effectiveness, measured as treatment adherence and readmissions at 3, 6 and 12 months, of shared decision making in the choice of antipsychotic treatment at discharge.Of the oral presentation: to present the study design; to make an interim report of the data obtained at the moment of the congress.MethodsRandomized controlled trial, prospective, two parallel groups, not masked, comparing two interventions (shared decision making and treatment as usual). Study population: Inpatients diagnosed of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders (ICD-10/DSM-IV-R: F20 y F25) at Adult Acute Hospitalization Unit at Jerez General Hospital.ResultsCurrently in the recruiting phase with 55 patients included in the study. An interim analysis of at least half of the target sample size.ConclusionsWe will show the study design and decision tools employed. Conclusions in relation to the effectiveness (adherence and readmissions) and subjective perception.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The psychotic patient at the General Hospital
Authors: Monforte Porto J.Á. , San Román Uría A. , Llanes Álvarez C. , Humada Álvarez G. , Sevillano Benito I. , Cepedello Pérez S. , Hernández Antón R. , Gómez Sánchez S. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia have a higher prevalence of physical illness and a higher mortality from natural causes than the general population, which is a reason why they can be hospitalized for medical and surgical pathologies.AimsTo determine the demand, the reason for consultation and the sociodemographic characteristics of the psychotic patient admitted at the general hospital.MethodsSociodemographic variables (age, sex, marital status, education, place of residence, residential housing, with who they live, work status) and health care (service of origin, type of request and its relevance, complaints, days of delay between the request and assistance, number of visits, average length of stay).Study designProspective epidemiological study of 80 psychotic patients (F.2 ICD-10), from the total of 906 consults solicited from 1 January 2012 until 31 December 2014. Bioethical considerations: compliance with these principles justice, non-maleficence, autonomy and beneficence.ResultsThe average age is 58.34 years old, 60% were male, 73.8% single, 81.3% with primary education, 52.5% living in urban areas; and the 88.8% of cases were pensioners. The Departments that generate a greater demand are Internal Medicine (53.8%), Orthopaedic Surgery (10%), Pneumology (8.8%) and ICU (8.8%). The most frequent reasons for consultation are assessment/treatment setting (77.5%), abnormal behavior (30%), disorientation (18.8%) and psychotic symptoms (18.8%).ConclusionsThe typical profile of psychotic patients hospitalized for medical-surgical diseases is a male, middle-aged, single, with primary education and pensioner; from whom it's sued consultation for adjusting of treatment, and secondly for abnormal behavior.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The cultural products analysis in medicine and psychiatry
Authors: Pavez F. , Alcántara A. , Saura E. , Pérez G. , Marset P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAs the psychopathological constructs have been influenced by scientific and cultural paradigms of its time, culture reflects and determines the way of understanding health and disease. The knowledge generated is integrated to the cultural wealth and it continues its development by interacting with culture, thus the ideas of mental illness and its treatment vary according to culture and beliefs of a given population in a given time.ObjectivesTo propose a framework for analysis through the examination of cultural products. We argue that this strategy can give us some clues about how the general population understands mental illness and the psychiatric work.MethodsA review of the literature available about social representations of science, medicine, illness and psychiatry, through cultural products analysis.ResultsThere are many works that address the presence of these issues in the social imaginary by analyzing cultural products. In the field of psychiatry, the analysis of films, literature and music (the last, in a lesser extent) are the most frequent.ConclusionsThe analysis of cultural products can be a source of additional knowledge that connects us with the social representations of our profession and its scope of practice, favoring a better understanding about what psychiatry and mental illness means for our patients and general population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Government employees and depressive and anxiety disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Dos Santos M.A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDepressive and anxiety disorders are common among working adults and costly to employers and individuals and their prevalence is high. Public sector employees are also vulnerable to poor mental health, mainly where have been occurring organisational changes similar to private sector concepts.ObjectiveTo highlight the unmet mental needs for new vulnerable working population, government employees.MethodsThe search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, B-on, Science Direct with the terms “government employees”, “federal employees”, “depressive disorders”, “anxiety disorders”. Using the PRISMA methodology, 1374 articles were considered with the search terms and if were published in the last 10 years; after a review of the title and summary, 5 eligible studies in english were included.DiscussionMental disorders are growing public health problem, and creating an enormous toll of suffering, disability and economic loss. There are few studies about depressive and anxiety disorders in public sector and those confirm that it would be to examine to what extent national characteristics can explain why individual and organizational characteristics are more related to them in some countries than in others, especially not including military or police officers who usually are submitted to high psychological distress.ConclusionsWorkplace health promotion in addressing job stress is crucial to fight against to a range of mental health outcomes. Mental health screening in the public sector may contribute for changes to the traditional roles of government and its management structures and must be encouraged to find out the underlying mechanisms of developing depressive and anxiety disorders.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Prenatal depression in women hospitalized for threatened preterm labour: A prospective study in Greece
Authors: Papazisis G. , Dagklis T. , Tsakiridis I. , Chouliara F. , Mamopoulos A. , Rousso D. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPregnancy complications may require admission in a high-risk pregnancy unit (HRPU). A complicated pregnancy and hospital admission might negatively affect the pregnant woman's mental health.ObjectivesTo screen for depressive symptoms in pregnant women admitted in a high-risk pregnancy unit due to threatened preterm labour and also to investigate for associated risk factors.AimsEarly identification of prenatal depression will decrease the risk of pregnancy complications and postnatal depression.MethodsA prospective study enrolled pregnant women admitted at 324 gestational weeks due to threatened preterm labour in a university hospital HRPU, between 9/2014 and 11/2015. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess depressive symptoms and a cut-off score 313 was considered as indicative of depression. Test results were then correlated with the indication for admission, demographic and socio-economic parameters.ResultsOverall, 80 of the women admitted in the HRPU were eligible for the study and agreed to complete the questionnaire. The mean age was 29.4 ± 6.23 years and the mean gestational week at the admission was 31.6 ± 3.33 weeks. The prevalence of prenatal depression (score 313) was 25% (20/80). In the multivariable model, depression was significantly correlated with the existence of thoughts for pregnancy termination [P = .03 OR = 4.560 95% CI: (1.162–17.892)].ConclusionsOne quarter of pregnant women admitted in the HRPU with the indication of threatened preterm labour may suffer from clinically significant depression. An unwanted pregnancy was found to be independently associated with prenatal depression whereas no association was found with any obstetric parameters.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Women that present fibromyalgia have higher levels in all scales of catastrophism
Authors: Cabas-Hoyos K. 
Published: May 2016

Fibromyalgia patients value their pain as modern high and they perceive it more as a threat than as a challenge (Ayan, 2011). There is a relative consensus related to catastrophic thoughts that seems to play an important role in the maintenance of chronic pain (Esteve, Ramírez and López, 2001). The objective of the present study was to explore the level of catastrophism in women with and without fibromyalgia. Adult women (n = 39) with an average of 47 years old (TD: 12.14) and more than 12 years schooling, paired with healthy controls (n = 39) with similar characteristics. Patients with fibromyalgia were previously diagnosed according to ACR (American College of Rheumatology). This was a cross-sectional study, comparative and quantitative cut. An ANOVA was used to compare both groups. The level of catastrophism was measured through the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (Sullivan, Bishop and Pivick, 1995). Scale composed of 13 questions and three subscales: rumination, magnification and hopelessness. This instrument has been tested in both clinical and non-clinical populations (Osman et al., 2000; Sullivan et al., 1995). Rumination, magnification and hopelessness were trend significantly higher in the women group with Fibromyalgia. [Rumination: F (1.36) = 6.22; P = 0.00]; [Magnification: F (1.36) = 17.66; P = 0.00]; [Hopelessness: F (1.36) = 6.53; P = 0.00]. These results allowed that the total catastrophism level was higher in the women group with Fibromyalgia and that the statistical significance level was reached [F (1.36) = 9.89; P = 0.00). This type of studies will allow to study the pain as a multidimensional entity comprised of physical, cognitive and affective aspects.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.