bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and optical properties of gallium nitride film on glass substrates
Authors: An Pingbo , Zhao Lixia , Zhang Shuo , Liu Lei , Duan Ruifei , Wei Xuecheng , Lu Hongxi , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this study, gallium nitride (GaN) films were grown on the quartz glass substrates using metal organic chemical vapor deposition with AlN buffer layer. The AlN layer was deposited using rf‐magnetron sputtering. Although the direct nucleation of GaN on quartz glass substrate is difficult, with AlN as the nucleation layer, a large‐area polycrystalline GaN film can be obtained. The structural and optical properties were investigated. The results show that the GaN film has a preferential orientation along (0002). There are mainly three emission regions in the photoluminescence spectra, including the band‐edge, green (2.45‐2.55eV) and yellow (2.0‐2.35 eV) emission regions. The origin and temperature dependence of the peak position, full‐width of half‐magnitude and intensity were also discussed. The findings may help to understand the growth and improve the properties of GaN film grown on amorphous glass substrates. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spontaneous regression of pulmonary metastatic melanoma
Authors: Ong Sook Fen , Harden Michael , Irandoust Shabnam , Lee Richard Wai Wing 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSpontaneous regression of metastatic melanoma is a rare event with only 76 cases having been reported since 1866. The precise mechanism of regression remains unknown. We present a case of a man with spontaneous regression of pulmonary metastatic melanoma confirmed on histopathology accompanied by reduction in fluorodeoxyglucose‐activity on serial positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan.
Peripheral pulmonary carcinoid tumor diagnosed by endobronchial‐ultrasound‐guided bronchoscopy
Authors: Tanaka Ayaka , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Kawabata Hiroki , Ariyasu Hiroyuki , Nakamura Yasushi , Yamamoto Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA 45‐year‐old Japanese woman complained of uncontrolled hypertension and face swelling. She was diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome with secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography‐computed tomography revealed a 2 × 2 cm mass in her left lung, with high standardized maximum uptake value. She underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial ultrasound via a guide‐sheath. Surgical resection of her left upper lung was performed, and pathological examination showed a typical carcinoid tumor. After lung resection, she recovered from her subjective symptoms. Diagnosis of peripheral carcinoid tumor of the lung is generally difficult. Here, we introduce a case of peripheral pulmonary carcinoid tumor diagnosed by endobronchial‐ultrasound‐guided bronchoscopy.
Continuous output feedback stabilization for nonlinear systems based on sampled and delayed output measurements
Authors: Shen Yanjun , Zhang Daoyuan , Xia Xiaohua 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThis paper addresses the problem of output feedback stabilization for nonlinear systems with sampled and delayed output measurements. Firstly, sufficient conditions are proposed to ensure that a class of hybrid systems are globally exponentially stable. Then, based on the sufficient conditions and a dedicated construction continuous observer, an output feedback control law is presented to globally exponentially stabilize the nonlinear systems. The output feedback stabilizer is continuous and hybrid, and can be derived without discretization. The maximum allowable sampling period and the maximum delay are also given. At last, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the design methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fostering Today What is Needed Tomorrow: Investigating Students’ Interest in Science
Authors: BLANKENBURG JANET SUSAN , HÖFFLER TIM NICLAS , PARCHMANN ILKA 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the structure of German sixth‐grade students’ interest in science (N = 474; age 11–12 years) by considering different subject‐related contexts (biology, chemistry, and physics) and different activities. Confirmatory factor analysis models were designed to validate the hypothetical structure of interest, connecting the whole spectrum of early school science with Holland's RIASEC model, and revealed that students’ interest in science is best described by a cross‐classified model with latent context and activity factors. Students were most interested in investigative and hands‐on activities in all contexts. Despite the young age group, there were significant gender differences with regard to interest in contexts and interest in activities. For example, girls were more interested in artistic and realistic activities among most contexts and generally in the biological context. Surprisingly, boys were more interested in social physics activities than girls.This paper discusses implications for future research, for school science curricula as well as for how to engage students in science with particular emphasis on gender differences.
Security analysis of online digital goods business based on stochastic game net model
Authors: Lv Junjie , Zhao Chen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDigital goods business as a new mode of e‐commerce develops distinct features while it faces new threats. The aim of this paper is to show how a stochastic game nets (SGN) framework can be used to model and analyze digital goods business that is subject to various attacks. We illustrate our work in the following steps. A scenario of digital goods business security is built to identify action procedures of participants in the scene and to investigate the risk factors. Next, the interactive processes in digital goods business scenario is used for designing, establishing, and simulating an extensible graphically SGN model. The developed SGN model provides an efficient environment for defining uncertainties in digital goods business with proposed indicators. The findings of the study show that business security can be improved by using risk management actions, and the overall system costs can be reduced. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teaching Early Readers to Self‐Monitor and Self‐Correct
Authors: Pratt Sharon M. , Urbanowski Melena 
Published: December 2015

AbstractProficient readers self‐monitor and self‐correct to derive meaning from text. This article reviews research on how students learn to self‐monitor and self‐correct and describes a Reciprocal Teaching (RT) instructional routine that was successfully used with early readers to build their metacognitive processes. The RT routine included teacher modeling, guided practice with scaffolding for students to mentor each other, and independent practice in which students applied more than one source to draw inferences for self‐monitoring and self‐correcting. Scaffolding techniques within this process included visuals and teacher prompting to build student confidence in sharing their thought processes aloud with their peers.
Three dimensional compressed sensing for wireless networks‐based multiple node localization in multi‐floor buildings
Authors: Abid Mohamed Amine , Cherkaoui Soumaya 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn wireless network‐based node localization, the received signals are hampered by complex phenomena, such as shadowing, noise, and multi‐path fading. In this work, the localization is stated as an ill‐posed problem that can be solved by compressed sensing (CS) technique. A three dimensional (3D)‐CS approach using the ratio of received signal strength (R2S2) and the time difference of arrival metrics was proposed to improve the localization accuracy of multiple target nodes in 3D wireless networks, and to reduce deployment complexity and processing time. Simulation and experimental tests were conducted in a large multi‐floors building using the strength of the received signals and the radio map of the localization area. The results indicated that the 3D‐CS approach is reliable for identifying the floor number and estimating the horizontal position. The localization precision is less affected by the propagation medium variation than the conventional 2D‐CS method. The localization mean error is lower when the number of access points increases, and the radio map spacing decreases. In addition, the accuracy of the 3D‐CS approach was assured as well as the building material characteristics, position of access points, and wireless‐terminal real transmission power are unknown. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a scoring system for non-specialist ratings of clinical competence in global mental health: a qualitative process evaluation of the Enhancing Assessment of Common Therapeutic Factors (ENACT) scale
Authors: Kohrt B. A. , Ramaiya M. K. , Rai S. , Bhardwaj A. , Jordans M. J. D 
Published: December 2015

Background.Task-sharing is the involvement of non-specialist providers to deliver mental health services. A challenge for task-sharing programs is to achieve and maintain clinical competence of non-specialists, including primary care workers, paraprofessionals, and lay providers. We developed a tool for non-specialist peer ratings of common factors clinical competency to evaluate and optimize competence during training and supervision in global mental health task-sharing initiatives.Methods.The 18-itemENhancingAssessment ofCommonTherapeutic factors (ENACT) tool was pilot-tested with non-specialists participating in mental health Gap Action Programme trainings in Nepal. Qualitative process evaluation was used to document development of the peer rating scoring system. Qualitative data included interviews with trainers and raters as well as transcripts of pre- and post-training observed structured clinical evaluations.Results.Five challenges for non-specialist peer ratings were identified through the process evaluation: (1) balance of training and supervision objectives with research objectives; (2) burden for peer raters due to number of scale items, number of response options, and use of behavioral counts; (3) capturing hierarchy of clinical skills; (4) objectivev.subjective aspects of rating; and (5) social desirability when rating peers.Conclusion.The process culminated in five recommendations based on the key findings for the development of scales to be used by non-specialists for peer ratings in low-resource settings. Further research is needed to determine the ability of ENACT to capture the relationship of clinical competence with client outcomes and to explore the relevance of these recommendations for non-specialist peer ratings in high-resource settings.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Barriers and Goals in Pediatric Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Survey of Antimicrobial Stewardship Practitioners
Authors: Wolf Joshua , Sun Yilun , Tang Li , Newland Jason G. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Van Dyke Christie J. , Hymes Saul R. , Yu Diana , Carias Delia C. , Bryant Penelope A. 
Published: December 2015

We undertook a cross-sectional survey of antimicrobial stewardship clinicians in North America and Australasia regarding practices, goals, and barriers to implementation of stewardship for pediatric oncology patients. Goals and barriers were similar regardless of clinician or institutional characteristics and geographic location. Strategies addressing these factors could help optimize antimicrobial use.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(3):343–347
THE CANNIBAL CAVALIER: SIR THOMAS LUNSFORD AND THE FASHIONING OF THE ROYALIST ARCHETYPE
Authors: STOYLE MARK 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis article re-examines the career of Sir Thomas Lunsford, one of the most notorious royalist officers of the English Civil War. Drawing on a wide range of contemporary sources, it not only casts new light on the pre-war activities of Lunsford himself but also explores the ways in which his blood-thirsty reputation was exploited by parliamentarian polemicists on the eve of the conflict. The article argues that, following the death of the proto-royalist playwright and plotter Sir John Suckling in 1641, Lunsford inherited Suckling's mantle as the archetypal ‘cavalier’, and that it was in association with Sir Thomas's name, rather than Sir John's, that the hostile caricature of the royalist gentleman-at-arms was first introduced to the English population as a whole. The article concludes by exploring the persistent rumours of cannibalism which have swirled around Lunsford's name for the past 370 years – and by demonstrating that, while the claim that Sir Thomas possessed a taste for human flesh may well have originated in the parliamentarian camp, it was, rather surprisingly, royalist writers who subsequently did most to keep his anthropophagical reputation alive.
Insight into species diversity of the Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1912 (Nematoda: Strongylida) in ruminants
Authors: Wyrobisz A. , Kowal J. , Nosal P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper focuses on the species diversity among the Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1912 (Nematoda: Strongylida), and complexity of the family systematics. Polymorphism (subfamilies: Ostertagiinae, Cooperiinae and Haemonchinae), the presence of cryptic species (genus:Teladorsagia) and hybridization (genera:Cooperia,HaemonchusandOstertagia) are presented and discussed, considering both morphological and molecular evidence. Some of these phenomena are common, nevertheless not sufficiently understood, which indicates the need for expanding the current state of knowledge thereof. Within the Trichostrongylidae, species distinction supported merely by morphological features is difficult, and requires confirmation by means of molecular methods. The parasitic nematode taxonomy is complicated mainly by the genusTeladorsagia, but complexity may also be expected among other Ostertagiinae (e.g. in the generaOstertagiaandMarshallagia). The data presented here show that the members of the Trichostrongylidae can significantly complicate unambiguous species identification. Hence, it is essential to consider the phenomena mentioned, to gather valid and comparable data on the biodiversity of this family.
Circulating filarial antigen detection in brugian filariasis
Authors: TRIPATHI PRAVEEN KUMAR , MAHAJAN RAMESH CHANDER , MALLA NANCY , MEWARA ABHISHEK , BHATTACHARYA SHAILJA MISRA , SHENOY RANGANATHA KRISHNA , SEHGAL RAKESH 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYHuman lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a major cause of disability globally. The success of global elimination programmes for LF depends upon effectiveness of tools for diagnosis and treatment. In this study on stage-specific antigen detection in brugian filariasis, L3, adult worm (AW) and microfilarial antigenaemia were detected in around 90–95% of microfilariae carriers (MF group), 50–70% of adenolymphangitis (ADL) patients, 10–25% of chronic pathology (CP) patients and 10–15% of endemic normal (EN) controls. The sensitivity of the circulating filarial antigen (CFA) detection in serum samples from MF group was up to 95%. In sera from ADL patients, unexpectedly, less antigen reactivity was observed. In CP group all the CFA positive individuals were from CP grade I and II only and none from grade III or IV, suggesting that with chronicity the AWs lose fecundity and start to disintegrate and die. Amongst EN subject, 10–15% had CFA indicating that few of them harbour filarial AWs, thus they might not be truly immune as has been conventionally believed. The specificity for antigen detection was 100% when tested with sera from various other protozoan and non-filarial helminthic infections.
MONITORING REGISTRIES AT ITALIAN MEDICINES AGENCY: FOSTERING ACCESS, GUARANTEEING SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Montilla Simona , Xoxi Entela , Russo Pierluigi , Cicchetti Americo , Pani Luca 
Published: December 2015

Objectives: The AIFA (Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco—Italian Medicines Agency) Monitoring Registries track the eligibility of patients and the complete flow of treatments, guaranteeing appropriateness in use of pharmaceutical products, according to approved indications.Methods: This study describes the Italian pharmaceutical context and the aims and functioning of AIFA Monitoring Registries, focusing on the applications to the Managed Entry Agreements (MEAs) and HTA approaches.Results: The AIFA Monitoring Registries System has been operational in Italy since 2005. In 2012, the system became part of the NHS Information Technology system, aiming at enhancing appropriate use of pharmaceuticals and efficiency of the administrative activity. Currently, seventy-six medicines are monitored through the system, corresponding to fifty-eight therapeutic indications; individual treatments recorded are more than 515,000, for a population of approximately 505,000 patients. For each monitored product, patients eligible for treatment are registered in the specific therapeutic indication dynamic monitoring database to collect epidemiologic and clinical data, including data on the safety profile, and ex-post information missing at first evaluation stage.Conclusions: AIFA Monitoring Registries allow the evaluation of the pharmaceuticals’ performance in clinical practice and may promote innovation and quicker access to medicines at affordable prices, for the benefit of patients.
Pattern Recognition: Governmental Regulation of Tartan and Commodification of Culture
Authors: Blakely Megan Rae 
Published: December 2015

Abstract:It is notoriously difficult to design and attach suitable legal rights to intangible cultural heritage (ICH), due to its nature as an evolving, living heritage. This article investigates the effects of government intervention relating to Scottish tartan in order to trace the relationship between formal proprietary rights, commodification, and cultural branding. The article proceeds in three steps: from (1) the historical context of the Jacobite rebellion and the subsequent Victorian assignment of the tartan to clans; to (2) the formation and function of the subsequent self-regulating community tartan registers; and (3) the 2009 governmental intervention with the establishment of a governmental tartan register, subsuming the community groups’ role in self-regulating tartan. While past ICH protection efforts have focused primarily on developing countries, the example of tartan raises wider concerns about the social and economic impact of the subtle erosion or, conversely, the ossification of living heritages. Finally, some alternatives are considered within the IP regime, such as sui generis protection, while highlighting the challenges of reconciling the domestic regulation of diverse ICH.
Case Note: Another Chapter in the Cassirer Nazi-era Art Saga Focuses on Choice of Law
Authors: Frey Laurie 
Published: December 2015

Abstract:In June 2015, a United States district court in California found that the Madrid-based Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection Foundation had acquired ownership of a Camille Pissarro painting under Spanish adverse possession law. Unless overturned on appeal, the decision will end the long-running efforts by the heirs of Lilly Cassirer Neubauer to recover the painting, which was wrongfully taken by the Nazis. The decision to apply Spanish law determined the outcome of the case, and the court’s discussion of choice-of-law issues is notable given the decisive effect that the applicable law often has in art and cultural property ownership disputes. After describing the background and reasoning of the case, this case note comments on two interesting aspects of the decision: its discussion of choice of law in the context of suits against foreign government entities and its treatment of a recent amendment to California law intended to make it easier to recover stolen art.
Interpreting the transmissibility of the avian influenza A(H7N9) infection from 2013 to 2015 in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: CHONG K. C. , WANG X. , LIU S. , CAI J. , SU X. , ZEE B. C. , TAM G. , WANG M. H. , CHEN E. 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYThree epidemic waves of human influenza A(H7N9) were documented in several different provinces in China between 2013 and 2015. With limited understanding of the potential for human-to-human transmission, it was difficult to implement control measures efficiently or to inform the public adequately about the application of interventions. In this study, the human-to-human transmission rate for the epidemics that occurred between 2013 and 2015 in Zhejiang Province, China, was analysed. The reproduction number (R), a key indicator of transmission intensity, was estimated by fitting the number of infections from poultry to humans and from humans to humans into a mathematical model. The posterior mean R for human-to-human transmission was estimated to be 0·27, with a 95% credible interval of 0·14–0·44 for the first wave, whereas the posterior mean Rs decreased to 0·15 in the second and third waves. Overall, these estimates indicate that a human H7N9 pandemic is unlikely to occur in Zhejiang. The reductions in the viral transmissibility and the number of poultry-transmitted infections after the first epidemic may be attributable to the various intervention measures taken, including changes in the extent of closures of live poultry markets.
The global burden of major infectious complications following prostate biopsy
Authors: BENNETT H. Y. , ROBERTS M. J. , DOI S. A. R. , GARDINER R. A. 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYWe present a systematic review providing estimates of the overall and regional burden of infectious complications following prostate biopsy. A directly standardized prevalence estimate was used because it reflects the burden of disease more explicitly. Complications included sepsis, hospitalization, bacteraemia, bacteriuria, and acute urinary retention after biopsy. There were 165 articles, comprising 162 577 patients, included in the final analysis. Our findings demonstrate that transrectal biopsy was associated with a higher burden of hospitalization (1·1% vs. 0·9%) and sepsis (0·8% vs. 0·1%) compared to transperineal biopsy, while acute urinary retention was more prevalent after transperineal than transrectal biopsy (4·2% vs. 0·9%). The differences were statistically non-significant because of large heterogeneity across countries. We also demonstrate and discuss regional variations in complication rates, with Asian studies reporting higher rates of sepsis and hospitalization.
The long-term effectiveness of the Family Check-Up on school-age conduct problems: Moderation by neighborhood deprivation
Authors: Shaw Daniel S. , Sitnick Stephanie L. , Brennan Lauretta M. , Choe Daniel E. , Dishion Thomas J. , Wilson Melvin N. , Gardner Frances 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSeveral studies suggest that neighborhood deprivation is a unique risk factor in child and adolescent development of problem behavior. We sought to examine whether previously established intervention effects of the Family Check-Up (FCU) on child conduct problems at age 7.5 would persist through age 9.5, and whether neighborhood deprivation would moderate these effects. In addition, we examined whether improvements in parent–child interaction during early childhood associated with the FCU would be related to later reductions in child aggression among families living in the highest risk neighborhoods. Using a multisite cohort of at-risk children identified on the basis of family, child, and socioeconomic risk and randomly assigned to the FCU, intervention effects were found to be moderated by neighborhood deprivation, such that they were only directly present for those living at moderate versus extreme levels of neighborhood deprivation. In addition, improvements in child aggression were evident for children living in extreme neighborhood deprivation when parents improved the quality of their parent–child interaction during the toddler period (i.e., moderated mediation). Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the possibilities and possible limitations in prevention of early problem behavior for those children living in extreme and moderate levels of poverty.