bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are risk assessment tools more accurate than unstructured judgments in predicting violent, any, and sexual offending? A meta‐analysis of direct comparison studies
Authors: Viljoen Jodi L. , Goossens Ilvy , Monjazeb Sanam , Cochrane Dana M. , Vargen Lee M. , Jonnson Melissa R. , Blanchard Adam J. E. , Li Shanna M. Y. , Jackson Jourdan R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe conducted a pre‐registered meta‐analysis of studies that directly compared the predictive validity of risk assessment tools to unstructured judgments of risk for violent, any, or sexual offending. A total of 31 studies, containing 169 effect sizes from 45,673 risk judgments, met inclusion criteria. Based on the results of three‐level mixed‐effects meta‐regression models, the predictive validity of total scores on risk assessment tools was significantly higher than that of unstructured judgments for predictions of violent, any, and sexual offending. Tools continued to outperform unstructured judgments after accounting for risk of bias. This finding was also robust to variations in population, assessment context, and outcome measurement. Although this meta‐analysis provides support for the use of risk assessment tools, it also highlights limitations and gaps that future research should address.
Poly‐bullying victimisation in Indonesia: Prevalence and factors related to children exposure to multiple bullying incidents, and its correlation to subjective well‐being
Authors: Borualogo Ihsana Sabriani 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearch on bullying in Indonesia remains limited, revealing significant gaps in understanding its prevalence and underlying factors specific to the Indonesian context. This study addresses these gaps through a three‐pronged approach: (a) assessing the prevalence of poly‐bullying victimisation, (b) identifying factors associated with poly‐bullying experiences, and (c) evaluating subjective well‐being (SWB) in cases of poly‐bullying by comparing it with uninvolved children. Cummins' theory of SWB homeostasis was employed to interpret the findings. The study included 10,051 children aged 10 and 12 years (50% girls) who reported experiencing poly‐bullying in the past month. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear regression. Poly‐bullying was measured across five indicators: physical, verbal, and emotional bullying by siblings and other children at school. The analysis considered five independent variables: sociodemographic factors, perceptions of family, friends, and school, and reported fights among students. The results were statistically significant (p < 0.000), though the model explained only 5.1% of the variance in poly‐bullying victimisation. Poly‐bullying was prevalent in both public and non‐religious schools. Significant contributors included the frequency of fights among students (β = 0.129) and the belief that friends would help (β = 0.045). The study's implications for preventing poly‐bullying victimisation were also discussed.
Identification of Honokiol‐Based Scaffold to Design Tankyrase 1/2 Inhibitors by In Silico and In Vitro Studies
Authors: Di Micco Simone , Ruggiero Dafne , Terracciano Stefania , Bruno Ines , Cardullo Nunzio , Muccilli Vera , Tringali Corrado , Bifulco Giuseppe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently, we identified magnolol bioinspired derivatives as new Tankyrase 1/2 (TNKS1/2) inhibitors by our Inverse Virtual Screening protocol. Based on these findings, in the present contribution, we enlarged our investigation of neolignans to the natural product honokiol (1) and a group of its analogues (2–8). By integrating in silico analysis and Surface Plasmon Resonance experiments, we investigated the binding of tested compounds against biological target under investigations. Specifically, 1 (honokiol), 2, 6 and 7 bound TNKS2 with a KD in the low nanomolar range, whereas 3–5 and 8 showed absence of affinity for the macromolecule. Furthermore, we also proved the binding specificity of 1 and 7 against TNKS2, while 2 and 6 were found to be also TNKS1 binders. The congener 4 was identified as specific TNKS1 ligand. Promising antiproliferative activity in A549 cancer cell line were obtained for 1 and 6, with honokiol (1) presenting a higher potency than the well‐known TNKS2 inhibitor XAV939. Collectively, these outcomes suggest that the honokiol‐based scaffold can be employed to design novel anti‐cancer therapeutic agents.
HMGB1 promotes M1 polarization of macrophages and induces COPD inflammation
Authors: Mu Qingshuang , Wang Qin , Yang Ye , Wei Ganghua , Wang Hao , Liao Jing , Yang Xinling , Wang Fan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a pervasive and incapacitating respiratory condition, distinguished by airway inflammation and the remodeling of the lower respiratory tract. Central to its pathogenesis is an intricate inflammatory process, wherein macrophages exert significant regulatory functions, and High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) emerges as a pivotal inflammatory mediator potentially driving COPD progression. This study explores the hypothesis that HMGB1, within macrophages, modulates COPD through inflammatory mechanisms, focusing on its influence on macrophage polarization. Our investigation uncovered that HMGB1 is upregulated in the context of COPD, associated with an enhanced proinflammatory M1 macrophage polarization induced by cigarette smoke. This polarization is linked to suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, indicative of HMGB1's role in the disease's inflammatory trajectory. The study further implicates HMGB1 in the activation of the Nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway and chemokine signaling within macrophages, which are likely to amplify the inflammatory response characteristic of COPD. The findings underscore HMGB1's critical involvement in COPD pathogenesis, presenting it as a significant target for therapeutic intervention aimed at modulating macrophage polarization and inflammation.
Tellurium Enriched Over‐Oxidized MoTe2 Anchored MXene Sheets: A Promising Li‐ion Battery Anode Material
Authors: Kamat Rohan S. , Mulik Chetana U. , Wang Xijue , Padwal Chinmayee , Kulkarni Abhishek A. , Jadhav Lata D. , Dubal Deepak P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo address the challenge of low electronic and ionic conductivities in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), we synthesized MoTe2@Ti3C2Tx via a modified hydrothermal route. This 2D van der Waals composite exhibited a stable reversible specific discharge capacity of 566 mAh/g at 0.1 C (67 mA/g) and retained 71 % of its initial capacity during rate performance tests. Notably, cycling stability tests revealed an increased discharge capacity of 316.4 mAh/g after 564 cycles at 0.4 C (268 mA/g), which improved further to 378.2 mAh/g after 922 cycles at 1 C (670 mA/g). The exceptional electrochemical performance stems from the unique MoTe2@Ti3C2Tx architecture, enhancing Li+ site exposure and ensuring structural stability. This composite emerges as a promising and easily synthesizable advanced anode material for LIBs, offering enhanced conductivity and stability.
Population Pharmacokinetics Modeling and Simulation of Deutenzalutamide, A Novel Androgen Receptor Antagonist, in Patients With Metastatic Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Liu Yixian , He Yongji , Qi Xiaohui , Li Xinghai , Zhou Yi , Chen Yuanwei , Wang Zhenlei , Zheng Li 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeutenzalutamide is a new molecular entity androgen receptor antagonist. The primary aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of deutenzalutamide and evaluate effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on pharmacokinetics. A nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling approach was performed to develop the population pharmacokinetic of deutenzalutamide using data from 1 Phase I trial of deutenzalutamide. Goodness‐of‐fit plots, prediction‐corrected visual predictive check, and bootstrap analysis were carried out to evaluate the final model. Simulation for the developed model was used to evaluate the covariate effects on the pharmacokinetics of deutenzalutamide. A 2‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination from the central compartment was established for deutenzalutamide. The final covariate included body weight on peripheral compartment volume. This is the first research developing the population pharmacokinetic model of deutenzalutamide in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer, and it is expected to support the future clinical administration of deutenzalutamide.
Secure device authentication and key agreement mechanism for LoRaWAN based IoT networks
Authors: Naidu Devishree , Ray Niranjan K. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryThe proposed work introduces two schemes for secure device authentication and key agreement (SDA & KA) mechanisms. Initially, an efficient implicit certificate approach based on the Elliptic curve Qu–Vanstone (EIC‐EcQuV) scheme is developed in the first stage to instantly concur on the session key. The proposed scheme implicitly performs quick authentication of the public key. Also, this scheme prevents the attacker from creating fake key combinations. Through EIC‐EcQuV, the implicit certificate (IC) is distributed which helps to implicitly authenticate the user. This work also proposes ithe developed Public Key Certificateless Cryptosystem (PKCIC) scheme in the second stage, whch was also for the SDA & KA mechanism. In the EIC‐EcQuV scheme, efficient authentication is enabled, but public key theft is possible. However, in the PKCIC scheme, authentication is performed through partial keys, and the public key is secured via the Schnorr signature. The efficiency of the proposed schemes is proved by comparing the attained results with previous schemes. The proposed method obtains the computational cost of 0.0583 s for end‐to‐end devices, 0.06111 for network servers, and 0.00071 s for the gateway, with an execution time of 78.624 for 1000 devices. The attained key agreement of the proposed EIC‐EcQuV is 0.953 s, and PKCIC is 0.9988 s.
Quantifying Kinetically Relevant Species on Zr‐SiO2 Materials for MPV Reduction
Authors: Chase Emily , Notestein Justin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOn supported metal catalysts such as Zr‐SiO2, it can be challenging to isolate characteristics that result from intrinsic properties of the active site from those that result from the environment surrounding the active site. In this report, we utilize in situ titration of Lewis acid sites with phosphonic acid to accurately and quantitatively describe kinetically relevant Zr species on Zr‐SiO2 materials for the MPV reduction of cyclohexanone. We find that rate of MPV reduction on Zr‐SiO2 materials can be described as a combination of rate over titratable Zr, that is likely well dispersed Zr, and rate over non‐titratable Zr, that is likely supported ZrOx. The fraction of Zr that is well dispersed on the SiO2 is dependent on the surface density at which Zr is grafted but not the choice of Zr precursor. We demonstrate that phosphonic acid titration can offer a more relevant, quantitative description of Zr dispersion than UV‐vis and can be used to quantitatively describe changes that occur to the material during regeneration.
Analysis and Design of High Power Density Flyback Converter
Authors: Zhao Yin , Chen Shenghua , Tang Yu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a flyback converter with high efficiency and high power density. An optimal design method for high power density planar transformers is presented. Applying the principle of flux cancellation, a matrix transformer that originally needed an independent magnetic core was integrated into a single magnetic core to reduce the volume of the core. This method effectively reduces the printed circuit board (PCB) layer number of the planar transformer and increases the possibility of the application of the planar transformer in the flyback converter. An optimized design method of the winding structure is given according to that model to further reduce the winding loss of the transformer. Meanwhile, the proposed structure is verified by finite element analysis software. Finally, a multi‐output flyback converter with a frequency of 100 kHz is designed to verify the practical performance of the proposed transformer.
Evaluating intra‐ and inter‐life stage density‐dependent dynamics for management of perennial amphidromous fish
Authors: Crichton Ben R. J. , Hickford Michael J. H. , McIntosh Angus R. , Schiel David R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCompensatory density‐dependent (DD) processes play an integral role in fisheries management by underpinning fundamental population demographics. However, DD processes are often assessed only for specific life stages, likely resulting in misleading evaluations of population limitations. Here, we assessed the relative roles of intra‐ and inter‐life stage DD interactions in shaping the population dynamics of perennial freshwater fish with demographically open populations. Specifically, we monitored populations of amphidromous banded kōkopu (Galaxias fasciatus), giant kōkopu (Galaxias argenteus), and shortjaw kōkopu (Galaxias postvectis) in five streams where migratory post‐larvae are fished and in three no‐take (“closed”) streams located on New Zealand's South Island for two years. Using mark‐recapture data, we investigated whether fishing altered densities of “small” (non‐territorial recruits ≤1‐year‐old) and “large” (territorial fish >1‐year‐old) kōkopu size classes, and how subsequent density shifts affected the apparent survival and growth of each class while controlling for other confounding factors (e.g., habitat characteristics). We found that closed areas had substantially greater biomass of small kōkopu, particularly following the two‐month fishing season. Despite this greater influx of recruits, there was no difference in the biomass of large kōkopu at the species level, or as a combined assemblage between stream types. This indicated that although fishing of post‐larvae reduced recruit influxes into adult habitats, there was no subsequent evidence of recruitment‐limitation within adult populations. Instead, kōkopu demographics were underpinned by intra‐ and inter‐life stage DD competition and predation. Greater large fish densities played a key role in regulating the survival, growth, and/or presence of various kōkopu classes. In contrast, greater small fish densities had positive effects on the growth of opportunistic and insectivorous congeners, likely due to cannibalism and altered foraging behaviors, respectively. Our study details the prominent role of intra‐ and inter‐life stage DD interactions in regulating the population dynamics of perennial migratory freshwater fishes, even in populations with inhibited recruit and juvenile availability. We emphasize the importance for fisheries management to implement recruitment dependencies and complex interactions between distinct life stages to avoid deleterious DD responses and ensure population persistence.
Transformative Earth stewardship: Principles for shaping a sustainable future for nature and society
Authors: Chapin F. Stuart 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEarth stewardship is the proactive shaping of pathways of social‐ecological change to enable people and nature to thrive. Its strategy is to identify and shape sustainable pathways of human–nature interaction. I describe three Earth stewardship approaches to addressing global changes. Two of these (resisting unfavorable change; accepting and adapting to change) are well‐accepted approaches to conservation and sustainability. The third (transformative Earth stewardship to escape unsustainable traps) is more challenging but can sometimes overcome seemingly insurmountable barriers. It can be triggered by a change in vision for society, changes in feedbacks such as social norms and incentives, or engagement of influential actors or institutions. The innovation necessary to trigger profound transformation often requires transdisciplinary perspectives that draw on multiple knowledge systems, modes of communication, and sectors of society.
A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Emotion Regulation, Interpersonal Problems, and Eating Disorder Psychopathology in Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Zhang Jihong , Cui Shuqi , Zickgraf Hana F. , Barnhart Wesley R. , Xu Yinuo , Wang Ziyue , Ji Feng , Chen Gui , He Jinbo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe present longitudinal study examined sex‐specific, symptom‐level relationships among emotion regulation (ER), interpersonal problems (IP), and eating disorder (ED) psychopathology in a large sample of Chinese adolescents.MethodData were from a project with four waves of data collection (N = 1540; 710 boys and 830 girls) at 6‐month intervals over 18 months. Questionnaires assessed ED psychopathology, ER, and IP at each wave of data collection. Longitudinal network analyses were conducted separately for boys and girls. Sex differences in the network structures were also examined.ResultsThe results revealed pronounced heterogeneity in the presentation of ED psychopathology, ER, and IP across Chinese adolescent boys and girls longitudinally and intra‐individually. For example, weight/shape preoccupation in ED psychopathology and awareness in ER emerged as important nodes in the temporal network for boys. However, weight/shape preoccupation and dissatisfaction in ED psychopathology were identified as the most important nodes in the temporal network for girls. Regarding bridge strength, awareness in ER emerged as the node with the highest connectivity in the temporal network for boys. At the same time, weight/shape dissatisfaction in ED psychopathology was the node with the highest connectivity for girls.DiscussionThe current study extended network theory to better understand the longitudinal interplay among ER, IP, and ED psychopathology in Chinese adolescents and their sex differences in the importance of symptoms. Such insights may pave the way for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies for adolescent boys and girls in China.
Local adaptation of Dromiciops marsupials (Microbiotheriidae) from southern South America: Implications for species management facing climate change
Authors: Quintero‐Galvis Julian F. , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo , D'Elía Guillermo , Nespolo Roberto F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe two species of the microbiotheriid marsupial genus Dromiciops (Dromiciops bozinovici: “Panchos's monito del monte” and Dromiciops gliroides: “monito del monte”) exhibit a marked latitudinal genetic differentiation. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether this differentiation results from neutral processes or can be explained, to some extent, by local adaptation to different environmental conditions. Here, we used an SNP panel gathered by Rad‐seq and searched for footprints of local adaptation (putative loci under selection) by exploring genetic associations with environmental variables in the two species of Dromiciops in Chilean and Argentinean populations. We applied three methods for detecting outlier SNPs and two genotype–environment associations approaches to quantify associations between allelic frequencies and environmental variables. Both species display strong genetic structure. D. bozinovici exhibited three distinct genetic groups, marking the first report of such structuring in this species using SNPs. In contrast, D. gliroides displayed four genetic clusters, consistent with previous studies. Both species exhibited an association of their genetic structure with environmental variables. D. bozinovici exhibited significant associations of allelic frequencies with elevation, precipitation during the warmest periods, and seasonality in the thermal regime. For D. gliroides, genetic variation appeared to be associated with more variables than D. bozinovici, including precipitation and temperature‐related variables, isothermality, and elevation. All the outlier SNPs were mapped to the D. gliroides reference genome to explore if they fell within functionally known genes. These results represent a necessary first step toward identifying the genome regions that harbor genes associated with climate adaptations in Dromiciops. Notably, we identified genes involved in various functions, including carbohydrate synthesis (ALG8), muscle and neuronal regulation (MEF2D), and stress responses (PTGES3). Ultimately, this study contributes valuable insights that can inform targeted conservation strategies aimed at preserving the genetic diversity of Dromiciops in the face of environmental challenges.
Plant community responses to the individual and interactive effects of warming and herbivory across multiple years
Authors: Young Moriah L. , Dobson Kara C. , Hammond Mark D. , Zarnetske Phoebe L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic climate warming affects plant communities by changing community structure and function. Studies on climate warming have primarily focused on individual effects of warming, but the interactive effects of warming with biotic factors could be at least as important in community responses to climate change. In addition, climate change experiments spanning multiple years are necessary to capture interannual variability and detect the influence of these effects within ecological communities. Our study explores the individual and interactive effects of warming and insect herbivory on plant traits and community responses within a 7‐year warming and herbivory manipulation experiment in two early successional plant communities in Michigan, USA. We find stronger support for the individual effects of both warming and herbivory on multiple plant morphological and phenological traits; only the timing of plant green‐up and seed set demonstrated an interactive effect between warming and herbivory. With herbivory, warming advanced green‐up, but with reduced herbivory, there was no significant effect of warming. In contrast, warming increased plant biomass, but the effect of warming on biomass did not depend upon the level of insect herbivores. We found that these treatments had stronger effects in some years than others, highlighting the need for multiyear experiments. This study demonstrates that warming and herbivory can have strong direct effects on plant communities, but that their interactive effects are limited in these early successional systems. Because the strength and direction of these effects can vary by ecological context, it is still advisable to include levels of biotic interactions, multiple traits and years, and community type when studying climate change effects on plants and their communities.
Stabilizing Copper(I) Complexes by Terminal Olefinic Side Arms and Studying Their Reactivity Towards Oxidation
Authors: Granichny Alexander , Würtele Christian , Schindler Siegfried 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany copper(I) complexes with aliphatic amine ligands have a strong tendency to disproportionate to copper(II) and elemental copper in solution at higher concentrations, making it difficult to isolate them and to study their reactivity. A series of copper(I) complexes with ligands based on tridentate N,N,N’,N’’,N’’‐pentamethldiethylenetriamine (Me5dien) were synthesized that included terminal olefinic and aromatic groups. It could be shown that the olefinic side arms stabilized some of the copper(I) complexes. Whether and how strongly the complexes were stabilized depended on the position and length of the olefinic sidearm. Additionally, the reactivity of the copper(I) complexes towards dioxygen was investigated.