bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Behavioral Responses of a Warmwater Teleost to Different Spectra of Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Sullivan Brittany G. , Wilson Alexander D. M. , Gutowsky Lee F. G. , Patrick Paul H. , Sills Michael , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are threatened by a wide range of anthropogenic infrastructure related to hydropower, irrigation, municipal withdrawals, and industrial cooling. Technology can be used to mitigate the loss of fish associated with such infrastructure by exploiting the sensory physiology of a species through stimuli designed to manipulate their natural behaviors (e.g., to attract or repel). Technologies used for behavioral guidance often incorporate light; however, previous studies investigating light devices have focused on mercury vapor bulbs and thus have been limited in their exploration of the broader light spectra. Innovations in light-emitting diode (LED) technology provide opportunities for manipulating light spectra (i.e., color) as well as light-pulse frequency. We tested the behavioral response of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides under 16 different LED color and light-pulse frequency combinations as well as in a control in which no light was emitted. Red, orange, yellow, and green were considered with four light-pulse frequencies (0, 120, 300, and 600 pulses/min). Using a large shallow arena, lateral fish movement in response to the light treatments was examined. Regardless of color or light-pulse frequency, fish were repelled by the light source. In contrast, when there was no light emitted, fish were evenly distributed throughout the arena. This work suggests that colored light accompanied with light-pulse frequencies produced by LEDs can induce an avoidance response in Largemouth Bass.
Received May 7, 2015; accepted January 5, 2016 Published online August 24, 2016
The Use of Telmisartan and the Incidence of Cancer
Authors: Tascilar Koray , Azoulay Laurent , Dell’Aniello Sophie , Bartels Dorothee B. , Suissa Samy 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND
A meta-analysis reported an 8% increased risk of cancer with the use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), but subsequent meta-analyses and observational studies did not confirm this risk. However, telmisartan comprised 85% of the data in the original meta-analysis. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether the use of telmisartan, compared with other ARBs, is associated with an increased risk of cancer.

METHODS
We used the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink to assemble a cohort of all patients newly treated with ARBs between 2000 and 2008, and followed until December 2010. Time-dependent cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cancer associated with telmisartan, compared with other ARBs, adjusted for potential confounders. Secondary analyses assessed the risk with each of the 4 most common cancers (lung, breast, prostate, colorectal).

RESULTS
The cohort consisted of 62,109 new ARB users, which included 3,438 telmisartan and 58,671 other ARB users. Compared with other ARBs, telmisartan use was not associated with an increased risk of cancer overall (16.3 vs. 15.0 per 1,000 person-years, respectively; adjusted HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.81–1.06) or by cancer site (lung, HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.55–1.51; breast, HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.90–1.82; prostate, HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.53–1.18; colorectal, HR: 1.41, 95% CI 0.95–2.10).

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with other ARBs, telmisartan is not associated with an increased risk of cancer. This study provides reassurance as to the short-term safety of telmisartan.
Clinical Impact on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes of Discordance Between Molecular and Growth-Based Assays for Rifampin Resistance, California 2003–2013
Authors: Shah Neha S. , Grace Lin SY , Barry Pennan M. , Cheng Yi-Ning , Schecter Gisela , Desmond Ed 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background.  Data from international settings suggest that isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with rpoB mutations testing phenotypically susceptible to rifampin (RIF) may have clinical significance. We analyzed treatment outcomes of California patients with discordant molecular-phenotypic RIF results.
Methods.  We included tuberculosis (TB) patients, during 2003–2013, whose specimens tested RIF susceptible phenotypically but had a rpoB mutation determined by pyrosequencing. Demographic data were abstracted from the California TB registry. Phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing, medical history, treatment, and outcomes were abstracted from medical records.
Results.  Of 3330 isolates tested, 413 specimens had a rpoB mutation (12.4%). Of these, 16 (3.9%) had molecular-phenotypic discordant RIF results. Seven mutations were identified: 511Pro, 516Phe, 526Asn, 526Ser (AGC and TCC), 526Cys, and 533Pro. Fourteen (88%) had isoniazid (INH) resistance, 6 of whom were also phenotypically resistant to ethambutol (EMB) and/or pyrazinamide (PZA). Five patients (25%), 1 with 511Pro and 4 with 526Asn, relapsed or failed treatment. The initial regimen for 3 patients was RIF, PZA, and EMB; 1 patient received RIF, PZA, EMB, and a fluoroquinolone (FQN); and 1 patient received RIF, EMB, FQN, and some second-line medications. Upon retreatment with an expanded regimen, 3 (75%) patients completed treatment, 1 patient moved before treatment completion, and 1 patient continues on treatment. The remaining 11 patients had a successful outcome with 9 having received a FQN and/or a rifamycin.
Conclusions.  Rifampin molecular-phenotypic discordance was rare, and most isolates had INH resistance. Patients who did not receive an expanded regimen had poor outcomes. These mutations may have clinical importance, and expanded treatment regimens should be considered.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Low-Dose Sertraline in Young Children With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Greiss Hess Laura , Fitzpatrick Sarah E. , Nguyen Danh V. , Chen Yanjun , Gaul Kimberly N. , Schneider Andrea , Lemons Chitwood Kerrie , Eldeeb Marwa Abd Al Azaim , Polussa Jonathan , Hessl David , Rivera Susan , Hagerman Randi J. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Observational studies and anecdotal reports suggest that sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, may improve language development in young children with fragile X syndrome (FXS).

Methods:
The authors evaluated the efficacy of 6 months of treatment with low-dose sertraline in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 52 children with FXS aged 2 to 6 years.

Results:
Eighty-one subjects were screened for eligibility, and 57 were randomized to sertraline (27) or placebo (30). Two subjects from the sertraline arm and 3 from the placebo arm discontinued. Intent-to-treat analysis showed no difference from placebo on the primary outcomes: the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) expressive language (EL) age equivalent and Clinical Global Impression Scale—Improvement. However, analyses of secondary measures showed significant improvements, particularly in motor and visual perceptual abilities and social participation. Sertraline was well tolerated, with no difference in side effects between sertraline and placebo groups. No serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusion:
This randomized controlled trial of 6 months of sertraline treatment showed no primary benefit with respect to early EL development and global clinical improvement. However, in secondary exploratory analyses, there were significant improvements seen on motor and visual perceptual subtests, the cognitive T score sum on the MSEL, and on one measure of social participation on the Sensory Processing Measure—Preschool. Furthermore, post hoc analysis found significant improvement in early EL development as measured by the MSEL among children with autism spectrum disorder on sertraline. Treatment appears safe for this 6-month period in young children with FXS, but the authors do not know the long-term side effects of this treatment. These results warrant further studies of sertraline in young children with FXS using refined outcome measures as well as longer term follow-up studies to address long-term side effects of low-dose sertraline in early childhood.
Fractional CO2 Laser Pretreatment to Autologous Hair Transplantation and Phototherapy Improves Perifollicular Repigmentation in Refractory Vitiligo: A Randomized, Prospective, Half-Lesion, Comparative Study
Authors: Feily Amir , Seifi Vahid , Ramirez-Fort Marigdalia K. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND
Fractional CO2 laser and autologous hair transplantation are independently effective in the treatment of refractory and stable vitiligo.

OBJECTIVE
The authors' purpose was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of fractional CO2 laser pretreatment compared with autologous hair transplantation and phototherapy alone for refractory and stable vitiligo.

METHODS
A total of 20 patients with refractory and stable vitiligo were enrolled from our clinic. Resistant lesions randomly divided into 2 regions as follows: (1) Part A: fractional CO2 laser pretreatment followed by autologous transplantation and phototherapy, and (2) Part B: autologous transplantation and phototherapy alone. Five days after fractional CO2 laser application to Part A, both treatment regions received a transplant of scalp grafts. On Day 11, the entire lesion was exposed to narrow-band UVB phototherapy, twice a week for 12 weeks. The diameter of perifollicular repigmentation was measured monthly with a caliper.

RESULTS
Perifollicular repigmentation was detectable surrounding 74% of grafted hair follicles by Month 3. Furthermore, Part A demonstrated a significantly greater diameter of repigmentation with 6.6 ± 5.8 mm in Part A compared with 4.3 ± 1.8 mm in Part B (p = <.001).

CONCLUSION
In this study, our results demonstrate improved efficacy of autologous hair transplantation and narrow-band UVB with fractional CO2 laser pretreatment in refractory and stable vitiligo.
Cardamonin Alleviates Pressure Overload-induced Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction Through Inhibition of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Li Wei , Wu Xiangqi , Li Minghui , Wang Zhimei , Li Bing , Qu Xinliang , Chen Shaoliang 
Published: August 2016

Abstract:
Pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction progress to heart failure, which is mainly due to excessive oxidative stress. Hence, our study aimed to illustrate whether cardamonin, a kind of chalcone, could attenuate maladaptive cardiac changes and ameliorate cardiac insufficiency through its antioxidant mechanism. In vivo, our study revealed that cardamonin treatment could attenuate transverse aortic contraction-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Histological observations have suggested that cardamonin inhibited the occurrence of excessive cardiac oxidative stress and apoptosis. In vitro, we found that 3 treatments with angiotensin II (Ang II), hydrogen peroxide, and Nox4 overexpression in H9C2 cells markedly augmented intracellular oxidative stress as measured by superoxide dismutase, l-glutathione, and malonaldehyde. Conversely, cardamonin treatment notably alleviated oxidative stress induced by the 3 above-mentioned treatments. Furthermore, all 3 treatments resulted in increased apoptotic cell death, whereas cardamonin treatment reduced apoptosis in H9C2 cells. Moreover, cardamonin significantly abrogated the expression of Bax, apoptosis inducing factor, cytochrome c, and caspase-3 and caspase-9 and enhanced the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. In conclusion, these findings provide a new possibility for cardamonin to alleviate pressure overload-induced heart failure.
“Lull pgm System” for Autologous Fat Grafting: A Simple Closed System with Minimal Equipment and No Extra Cost
Authors: Morselli Paolo Giovanni , Micai Alessandro , Giorgini Federico Armando 
Published: August 2016

Summary:
The “Lull pgm system” is a closed system for purifying harvested fat. It processes the collected tissue safely without any additional cost. The system was conceived by referring to the targets described in the literature with the aim of creating a simple system that guarantees a high standard of purification and requires minimal equipment that is available in every operating room. Cost must be always considered: even the most prosperous hospitals must keep within tight annual budgets. “Lull” can be used instead of expensive devices or disposable kits, without substantially increasing the operating time. The system has been used in clinical practice for many plastic reconstructive procedures and has obtained positive results and patient satisfaction, and no contraindications or disadvantages have been observed.
Radiofrequency-assisted Liposuction for Neck and Lower Face Adipodermal Remodeling and Contouring
Authors: Keramidas Evangelos , Rodopoulou Stavroula 
Published: August 2016

Background:
The purpose of this study is to report our experience using radiofrequency-assisted liposuction (RFAL) for neck and face contouring. This article details the operative technique, selection, complications, third-party surgeon appraisal, and patient satisfaction survey.

Methods:
From November 2009 to November 2013, 55 patients who underwent RFAL treatment were enrolled in the study. Postoperative patient satisfaction surveys were conducted, and 2 independent plastic surgeons evaluated contour and skin quality with randomized preoperative and postoperative photographs at 6 months postoperatively. The different parameters recorded involved age, sex, weight, body mass index, operative time, amount of fat aspirated and energy delivered, complications, and aesthetic outcome in 1 and 4 weeks and 3 and 6 months. Our longest follow-up was 4 years. Patients were asked 6 months postoperatively to grade their satisfaction as poor, no change, moderate, good, and excellent.

Results:
The mean age was 51 years (range, 35–61 years), and the mean amount of fat aspirated was 30 mL (range, 10–200 mL). Five out of 55 patients (9.1%) developed tissue hardness that resolved with massage. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months. Eighty-five percent of patients were satisfied with their contouring result and degree of skin tightening (48/55 patients). Two independent plastic surgeons considered the improvement in contouring and degree of skin tightening good to excellent in 52 of 55 cases.

Conclusions:
In appropriately selected patients, RFAL neck and face contouring represent a safe procedure to achieve significant improvement of the skin laxity and fat deposits of the cervicomental zone and jowls.
Single-layer Closure with Tongue Flap for Palatal Fistula in Cleft Palate Patients
Authors: Alsalman Abdulla K. , Algadiem Emran A. , Alwabari Mufeed Saeed , Almugarrab Fatimah Jawad 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Tongue flap is a good option to close a complicated palatal fistula in cleft patients. Most surgeons advocate a double-layer closure to decrease the recurrence rates. In this study, we have reported our experience with a modified single-layer closure with tongue flap in cleft patients.

Method:
All cases done by a single surgeon using this modified technique in a period of 10 years were retrospectively reviewed. A thorough description of this technique is also provided in the study.

Results:
Only 5 cases were operated on using this technique. The success rate of all these cases was 100%, with no recurrence of fistula and few complications.

Conclusions:
This technique provides a way to avoid nasal layer closure in cases where nasal layer is difficult or impossible to close. It also limits the need for a second flap for nasal layer closure.
Subthalamic deep brain stimulation modulates conscious perception of sensory function in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Cury Rubens G. , Galhardoni Ricardo , Teixeira Manoel J. , dos Santos Ghilardi Maria G. , Silva Valquiria , Myczkowski Martin L. , Marcolin Marco A. , Barbosa Egberto R. , Fonoff Erich T. , Ciampi de Andrade Daniel 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is used to treat refractory motor complications in Parkinson disease (PD), but its effects on nonmotor symptoms remain uncertain. Up to 80% of patients with PD may have pain relief after STN-DBS, but it is unknown whether its analgesic properties are related to potential effects on sensory thresholds or secondary to motor improvement. We have previously reported significant and long-lasting pain relief after DBS, which did not correlate with motor symptomatic control. Here we present secondary data exploring the effects of DBS on sensory thresholds in a controlled way and have explored the relationship between these changes and clinical pain and motor improvement after surgery. Thirty-seven patients were prospectively evaluated before STN-DBS and 12 months after the procedure compared with healthy controls. Compared with baseline, patients with PD showed lower thermal and mechanical detection and higher cold pain thresholds after surgery. There were no changes in heat and mechanical pain thresholds. Compared with baseline values in healthy controls, patients with PD had higher thermal and mechanical detection thresholds, which decreased after surgery toward normalization. These sensory changes had no correlation with motor or clinical pain improvement after surgery. These data confirm the existence of sensory abnormalities in PD and suggest that STN-DBS mainly influenced the detection thresholds rather than painful sensations. However, these changes may depend on the specific effects of DBS on somatosensory loops with no correlation to motor or clinical pain improvement.
What People Want in a Prosthetic Foot: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Fogelberg Donald J. , Allyn Katheryn J. , Smersh Monica , Maitland Murray E. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Most people with lower-limb amputation (LLA) rely on a prosthetic foot for participation at home and in the community. The published literature describes problems with mobility after LLA, yet there have been few published accounts of peoples' participation experiences. The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of the impact of prosthetic feet on participation in the activities of daily life by examining the experience of prosthetic users and professionals.

Materials and Methods
Users of prosthetic feet and health care professionals who prescribe prosthetic feet were invited to complete a brief online questionnaire before participating in one of five focus groups. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize questionnaire data. Focus group sessions were audio recorded and transcribed. Each transcript was thematically coded independently by four researchers. Emergent themes were discussed, categorized, and cross-referenced.

Results
Eleven prosthetic foot users (68.8%) and 11 professionals (100%) completed the online questionnaires. Although the prosthetic foot users rated their difficulty with usual activities as none to slight, 36% reported falling within the last 6 months, and 45% indicated that they modified their participation because of the potential for falls. Sixteen prosthetic foot users and 11 health care professionals took part in focus groups. There was a significant overlap in themes discussed by prosthetic foot users and health care professionals. Identified barriers to full participation included the ability to stand for extended periods, navigate in confined spaces, carry heavy objects, and change body posture. Absence of sensory feedback created significant concerns about safety when driving a car, navigating uneven terrain, or climbing ladders. Characteristics of existing prosthetic feet that impact participation included limited durability, lack of waterproofing, and limited range of motion. Current designs limited choices of footwear and created difficulties donning and doffing shoes.

Conclusions
Participants' reported confidence in forward walking on even ground suggests that current prosthetic feet are well-suited for this limited use. However, they also identified a number of situations in which their current prosthetic feet caused significant difficulties, often with safety implications. While some stories, such as rocks on the sidewalk, are consistent with the literature, other stories describe situations such as ladders and stepstools that are not well documented. Our study highlights the utility of focus groups in identifying previously unrecognized needs and concerns, with significant implications for the design of prosthetic feet. Future studies should include more diverse participants, particularly with regard to age and overall physical health.
A Pilot Investigation of the Effect of Postural Control Strategies and Balance in Children with Unilateral Lower-Limb Amputation
Authors: Geil Mark D. , Wasco Kevin J. , Wu Jianhua , Coulter Colleen , Safaeepour Zahra , Tai Wang Yong 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Previous research has addressed the effects of backpack loads on balance in adults and children, but there is a gap in the literature concerning children with lower-limb amputation. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of backpack loads on postural sway in children with lower-limb amputation.

Materials and Methods
Four children with unilateral Syme amputation and five controls were assessed in quiet standing with backpacks loaded with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 25% of body weight. Kinetic data were collected using force platforms, and the path of the center of pressure was calculated.

Results
Considering the sway parameters, the control group showed the expected increase with each successive weight level, whereas the group of children with amputation showed an unexpected nonlinear response as weight increased.

Conclusions
Postural control mechanisms used by the children with amputation may be different from their able-bodied counterparts.
Transient Impact of Rituximab in H1N1 Vaccination–associated Narcolepsy With Severe Psychiatric Symptoms
Authors: Sarkanen Tomi , Alén Reija , Partinen Markku 
Published: August 2016

Introduction:
Narcolepsy type 1 is an organic sleep disorder caused by the destruction of hypocretin producing neurons in hypothalamus. In addition to daytime sleepiness, the spectrum and severity of symptoms are very variable. Psychiatric comorbidity and phenomena resembling psychotic symptoms are also common. Current treatment options for narcolepsy are symptomatic but there are few case reports of positive effect of immunotherapy. We report a very severely affected young boy treated with rituximab (RXB).

Case Report:
A 12-year-old boy developed narcolepsy after Pandemrix H1N1 vaccination in 2010. He started to express severe psychiatric symptoms shortly after the onset. Cataplexy and sleepiness were devastatingly disabling. Conventional treatments did not have any effect on symptoms so we decided to try RXB, chimeric human monoclonal antibody against CD20+ expressed in B lymphocytes. After the first treatment his condition ameliorated dramatically. Unfortunately, the effect lasted only for 2 months. Following attempts did not show any effect.

Conclusions:
Effect of RXB on narcolepsy has not been reported before. Remarkable but short-lasting effect of RXB in narcolepsy is intriguing as it could imply that there is still ongoing B cell–mediated autoimmune response possible contributing to symptoms in narcolepsy.