bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity during non‐rapid eye movement sleep in guinea pigs and humans
Authors: Kato Takafumi , Toyota Risa , Haraki Shingo , Yano Hiroyuki , Higashiyama Makoto , Ueno Yoshio , Yano Hiroshi , Sato Fumihiko , Yatani Hirofumi , Yoshida Atsushi 
Published: September 2017

SummaryRhythmic masticatory muscle activity can be a normal variant of oromotor activity, which can be exaggerated in patients with sleep bruxism. However, few studies have tested the possibility in naturally sleeping animals to study the neurophysiological mechanisms of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity. This study aimed to investigate the similarity of cortical, cardiac and electromyographic manifestations of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity occurring during non‐rapid eye movement sleep between guinea pigs and human subjects. Polysomnographic recordings were made in 30 freely moving guinea pigs and in eight healthy human subjects. Burst cycle length, duration and activity of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity were compared with those for chewing. The time between R‐waves in the electrocardiogram (RR interval) and electroencephalogram power spectrum were calculated to assess time‐course changes in cardiac and cortical activities in relation to rhythmic masticatory muscle activity. In animals, in comparison with chewing, rhythmic masticatory muscle activity had a lower burst activity, longer burst duration and longer cycle length (P < 0.05), and greater variabilities were observed (P < 0.05). Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity occurring during non‐rapid eye movement sleep [median (interquartile range): 5.2 (2.6–8.9) times per h] was preceded by a transient decrease in RR intervals, and was accompanied by a transient decrease in delta elelctroencephalogram power. In humans, masseter bursts of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity were characterized by a lower activity, longer duration and longer cycle length than those of chewing (P < 0.05). Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity during non‐rapid eye movement sleep [1.4 (1.18–2.11) times per h] was preceded by a transient decrease in RR intervals and an increase in cortical activity. Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity in animals had common physiological components representing transient arousal‐related rhythmic jaw motor activation in comparison to human subjects.
Employment Protection Legislation and Cooperation
Authors: Eguchi Kyota 
Published: September 2017

AbstractI argue how cooperative behaviors are influenced by employment protection legislation (EPL), which is viewed in terms of two types of firing costs: administrative costs (such as notification procedures) and monetary transfers (such as severance pay). I focus on the minimum discount factor for mutual cooperation under trigger strategies in a relational contract model, where a firm has two payment options: a formal wage and an informal bonus. It will be shown that administrative costs enhance cooperation when they are low, whereas monetary transfers dampen cooperation when they are high. In addition, I show under what wage scheme cooperation is most likely self‐enforced.
Neural Processing of Congruent and Incongruent Audiovisual Speech in School‐Age Children and Adults
Authors: Heikkilä Jenni , Tiippana Kaisa , Loberg Otto , Leppänen Paavo H. T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeeing articulatory gestures enhances speech perception. Perception of auditory speech can even be changed by incongruent visual gestures, which is known as the McGurk effect (e.g., dubbing a voice saying /mi/ onto a face articulating /ni/, observers often hear /ni/). In children, the McGurk effect is weaker than in adults, but no previous knowledge exists about the neural‐level correlates of the McGurk effect in school‐age children. Using brain event‐related potentials, we investigated change detection responses to congruent and incongruent audiovisual speech in school‐age children and adults. We used an oddball paradigm with a congruent audiovisual /mi/ as the standard stimulus and a congruent audiovisual /ni/ or McGurk A/mi/V/ni/ as the deviant stimulus. In adults, a similar change detection response was elicited by both deviant stimuli. In children, change detection responses differed between the congruent and the McGurk stimulus. This reflects a maturational difference in the influence of visual stimuli on auditory processing.
DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE1‐mediated shoot regeneration is regulated by cytokinin‐induced cell cycle in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Hui , Dong Yu Xiu , Hao Yu Jin , Zhang Xian Sheng 
Published: September 2017

Summary

DNA methylation plays a critical role in diverse biological processes of plants. Arabidopsis DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE1 (MET1) represses shoot regeneration by inhibiting WUSCHEL (WUS) expression, which is essential for shoot initiation. However, the upstream signals regulating MET1 expression during this process are unclear.

We analyzed the signals regulating MET1 expression using a number of established strategies, such as genetic analysis, confocal microscopy, quantitative real‐time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation.

MET1 expression patterns underwent dynamic changes with the initiation of WUS during shoot regeneration. The cell cycle regulator E2FA was characterized as an upstream factor directly promoting MET1 expression. Moreover, cytokinin promoted MET1 expression partially by enhancing CYCD3 expression.

Our findings reveal that MET1‐mediated shoot regeneration is regulated by the cytokinin‐induced cell cycle, and provide new insights into the regulation of DNA methylation in shoot regeneration.
Accuracy and reliability of landmark‐based, surface‐based and voxel‐based 3D cone‐beam computed tomography superimposition methods
Authors: Ghoneima A. , Cho H. , Farouk K. , Kula K. 
Published: September 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the accuracy and reliability of 3 different methods of three‐dimensional cone‐beam computed tomography scans (3D CBCTs) superimpositions: landmark‐based, surface‐based and voxel‐based.Materials and MethodsPre‐ and post‐orthodontic treatment CBCTs (T1 and T2) of 20 subjects with a mean age of 11 years were obtained. Seven points on the zygomatic arch and supraorbital region were selected to perform landmark‐based superimposition. Surface‐based and voxel‐based superimpositions were performed using the anterior cranial base as a reference. Each superimposition method of T1 and T2 scans was repeated twice to assess the reliability. Accuracy of each technique was tested by superimposing duplicated sets of T1 scans. A total of 11 landmarks on the anterior cranial base, maxilla and mandible were located, and deviations of these landmarks on superimposed data were quantified to assess reliability and accuracy of all superimpositions.ResultsThere were no significant differences from zero when duplicated sets of T1 scans were superimposed using surface‐based and voxel‐based methods. Statistical significant differences were detected in several parameters when evaluating the accuracy of the landmark superimposition. Superimposition of T1 and T2 scans for testing the reliability revealed intraclass correlation coefficients greater than 0.90 for all measurements except for ACP‐x and PNS‐y of landmark‐based method as well as ANS‐x of voxel‐based method.ConclusionsSurface‐based and voxel‐based superimposition methods using the anterior cranial base as a reference structure were accurate and reliable in detecting changes in landmark positions when superimposing. Landmark‐based superimposition method was reliable but less accurate than the other methods.
Effect of oestrous synchrony between embryo donors and recipients, embryo quality and state on the pregnancy rate in beef cattle
Authors: Rodrigues MCC , Bonotto ALM , Acosta DAV , Boligon AA , Corrêa MN , Brauner CC 
Published: September 2017

ContentsThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of oestrous synchrony between donors and recipients and the embryo quality on the pregnancy rate in beef cow recipients. The experiment was performed over two years at an embryo transfer (ET) centre in Southern Brazil. Ninety Aberdeen Angus cows were subjected to superovulation (SOV) protocols, resulting in the recovery of 1,048 transferable embryos. Eleven groups were formed with intervals of 6 hr, from −30 to +30 hr, with respect to recipient versus donor oestrous detection. Evaluation of embryo quality was according to the IETS guidelines. The overall pregnancy rate was 52%. Effects related to donor and recipient oestrous synchronization on pregnancy rate were observed (p = .01), ranging from 36% to 50%. The embryo quality rate affected the pregnancy rate, where Grade I resulted in 57% and Grade III in 43% of pregnancy (p < .001). The embryonic state (frozen or fresh) showed no (p > .05) effect on pregnancy rate: 53% for fresh embryos and 44% for frozen embryos. The odds ratio for explanatory variables causing pregnancy indicated that Grade III embryos had 31% less chance of conception compared to Grade I. Thus, oestrous synchrony between donor and recipient, considering ±30 hr apart, can affect the pregnancy rate along with embryo quality.
Multiproduct oligopoly and trade between asymmetric countries
Authors: Cheng Yi‐Ling , Tabuchi Takatoshi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper develops a general equilibrium model of oligopolistic multiproduct firms conducting trade between asymmetric countries, in which heterogeneous entrants choose their product ranges and outputs. We show that there are fewer exporters in the larger country, and each produces a wider range of products but exports fewer varieties. We also show that while trade liberalization increases the total number of consumed varieties, it decreases the total number of firms and may reduce the product range of each firm.
The dynamic effects of fiscal reforms and tax competition on tax compliance and migration
Authors: Lamantia Fabio , Pezzino Mario 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe study the dynamic effects of fiscal reforms on migration and tax evasion in an international context with two asymmetric countries. Given an initial international distribution of honest and dishonest taxpayers, the tax system (e.g., tax rates and degrees of progressivity) and the salary in each country, individuals decide where to reside and how much time to spend working. The model allows us to study in a dynamic setting how the distribution of honest and dishonest earners is geographically affected by fiscal reforms (e.g., variations in tax rates) and auditing efforts (e.g., probability of auditing and fines) of different countries. We show that various dynamic long term scenarios can be generated. The particular convergence of the model depends crucially on the initial geographic distribution of dishonest agents. This implies that tax reforms that have been successful in reducing tax evasion in one country may produce very different results in others, if initial conditions are significantly different. Chaotic cyclical behavior may also arise if individual propensity to migrate is sufficiently high.
Using imported intermediate goods: Selection and technology effects
Authors: Gibson Mark J. , Graciano Tim A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractProducers that use imported intermediate goods tend to be much larger and more productive than others. Some of this is due to a selection effect: the most productive producers self‐select into importing because only they can overcome the fixed costs of developing trade relationships with foreign input suppliers. Some of this is due to a technology effect: any given producer would have higher variable profits from operating the technology using imported intermediate goods. To account for the roles of these theoretical mechanisms, we develop a simple model of a competitive small open economy in which heterogeneous firms endogenously decide whether to use imported intermediate goods. The technology that uses imported intermediate goods is superior but requires a higher fixed cost of operating. The calibrated model captures the large performance advantage of importers and quantifies the selection and technology effects.
Sampling from a Max‐Stable Process Conditional on a Homogeneous Functional with an Application for Downscaling Climate Data
Authors: Oesting Marco , Bel Liliane , Lantuéjoul Christian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractConditional simulation of max‐stable processes allows for the analysis of spatial extremes taking into account additional information provided by the conditions. Instead of observations at given sites as usually done, we consider a single condition given by a more general functional of the process as may occur in the context of climate models. As the problem turns out to be intractable analytically, we make use of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to sample from the conditional distribution. Simulation studies indicate fast convergence of the Markov chains involved. In an application to precipitation data, the utility of the procedure as a tool to downscale climate data is demonstrated.
Successful treatment of bleeding with tranexamic acid in a series of 12 patients with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Mayer Beate , Salama Abdulgabar 
Published: September 2017

Background and ObjectivesThe clinical significance of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is mainly reflected by bleeding and/or bleeding risks, which, in some cases, cannot be adequately controlled by standard therapy. Tranexamic acid (TA) is increasingly used in preventing and reducing bleeding in several medical settings. There is little information on whether TA may also be useful in the management of ITP.Materials and MethodsTwelve patients with ITP were treated with TA (0·5–3 g/day) due to recognizable bleeding. Ten of the 12 patients were under regular treatment for ITP. The remaining two patients did not require additional therapy.ResultsCessation or, at least, significant improvement of bleeding was achieved shortly after the initiation of TA in all cases. TA was well tolerated and discontinued after cessation of bleeding.ConclusionsWe recommend the use of TA in ITP patients with bleeding and/or an increased bleeding risk. Ultimately, cessation of bleeding plays a key role in the management of such affected patients. However, future studies are required to optimize dose and administration routes (intravenous or oral).
What is the evidence for platelet transfusion in perioperative settings?
Authors: Levy J. H. , Rossaint R. , Zacharowski K. , Spahn D. R. 
Published: September 2017

Background and ObjectivesPlatelet transfusions are widely administered to restore perioperative haemostasis in haemorrhagic patients; however, the role of platelet transfusion is not well understood and administration is often based on empiric data. This review aims to explore consensus regarding platelet transfusion trigger, dose and how the haemostatic efficacy of platelet transfusion was assessed for the treatment of perioperative bleeding.Materials and MethodsA literature search was carried out using MEDLINE (PubMed) on 28 February 2017, to identify publications reporting the effect of platelet transfusion in relation to triggers, dose and assessment of haemostatic efficacy in bleeding patients in a perioperative setting.ResultsEight publications were identified across a variety of settings, covering both prophylactic and therapeutic platelet transfusion in adult patients; the majority of the reports were in cardiac surgery. A high degree of variability was observed in the published studies, with only 50% of articles specifying a trigger for platelet transfusion. The most commonly used trigger was platelet count (25% of publications), with no consensus identified regarding the platelet count values used as triggers. Doses reported per transfusion varied from 1 to 12 units, and outcome measures were mixed, although the majority of publications (63%) assessed the requirement for transfusion with other blood products.ConclusionThe lack of consensus in published studies hinders our ability to draw conclusions regarding platelet transfusion and highlights the need for further studies to assess the appropriate dose and triggers for use in perioperative patients.
Making transfusion decisions in critical care
Authors: Aubron C. 
Published: September 2017

Transfusion triggers and parameters to consider in the decision to transfuse depend on the setting. In cases of massive bleeding, transfusion decision is made on haemodynamic parameters, vital signs and when possible on bleeding volume estimation. In anaemic haemodynamically stable patients, haemoglobin remains the primary trigger for transfusion. In the less severe or in the youngest critically ill patients, transfusion for a haemoglobin threshold of 7 g/dl has been shown to be associated with higher survival in comparison with a haemoglobin threshold of 10 g/dl. This lower threshold of 7 g/dl appears to be also safe in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In patients with acute ischaemic heart disease, where anaemia may worsen myocardial ischaemia, pathophysiology and findings from large observational studies support the benefit of a higher haemoglobin threshold (between 9 and 10 g/dl). Elderly and cardiovascular patients should be monitored for cardiac tolerance of anaemia and transfused accordingly. In haematology–oncology patients and in neuro critically ill patients, the optimal strategy for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion remains unknown.Transfusion practices have shifted from liberal towards restrictive strategy, making the monitoring of anaemia tolerance an important element in the decision to transfuse. Substantial comorbidities and conditions that influence anaemia tolerance should be integrated into clinicians’ transfusion decision‐making process. Research evaluating the benefit to consider additional triggers in the decision to transfuse RBC in critically ill patients is warranted.
Flow cytometry in transfusion medicine: an overview
Authors: Hult A. K. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundFlow cytometry has been used in many different settings to, for example, analyse subpopulations of leucocytes in quality control of stem cell grafts and in the diagnosis of lymphoma and leukaemia. In transfusion medicine, it has mainly been utilized for detection and semiquantification of various blood group antigens as a complement to traditional serology, for quality control of blood components and detection of fetomaternal haemorrhage. Today, when flow cytometers are becoming smaller, cheaper and more user friendly and are available in many routine laboratories, the method should be considered as a valuable tool to use in addition to serology and genomic typing.ObjectivesTo give an overview of how flow cytometry can be useful in a transfusion medicine setting as a complement to both traditional serology and molecular testing.ConclusionFlow cytometry has the advantages of a higher sensitivity for some antigens than in traditional serology and the ability to easily distinguish between two or more populations of cells, which makes it a useful tool in many clinical settings, for example in defining chimeras and in detection of fetomaternal bleeding. The combination of molecular testing and the detection of surface antigens by flow cytometry are found useful. When resolving clinically relevant ABO discrepancies we have found the combination of genetic testing and semiquantification of ABO antigens by flow cytometry very helpful. Taken together flow cytometry is a handy tool in clinical routine analysis as well as in research focusing on transfusion medicine.
The accumulation of La, Ce and Y by Lemna minor and Lemna gibba in the Keban gallery water, Elazig Turkey
Authors: Sasmaz Merve , Obek Erdal , Sasmaz Ahmet 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the phytoremediation ability of Lemna minor and Lemna gibba to accumulate lanthanum, cerium and yttrium from gallery water polluted by metals. L. minor and L. gibba were settled in the mining water and adapted to separate reactors. During the experiment, the water and plant samples were daily taken and the temperature, electric conductivity and pH of the water were daily measured in situ. These plants were firstly washed, dried in and then ashed at 300°C for 24 h in an oven. Both water and ashed plant samples were measured by ICP‐MS to detect the concentrations of lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce) and yttrium (Y). Although these elements are at low concentrations in gallery water, they were accumulated at the highest levels in L. gibba and in L. minor. This study showed that both plants have high ability to remove lanthanum, cerium and yttrium in gallery water polluted by different elements.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: September 2017

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 10 Abdul Azim Akhtar, Independent Academic & Researcher, Delhi, IndiaAgboola O. Paul, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MalaysiaAhmet Yıkmış, Abant Izzet Baysal Univeersity, TurkeyAnna Bluszcz, Silesian University of Technology, PolandAnna Maria Mouza, Technological Educational Institution of Serres, GreeceAntónio Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalHenry Poduthas, West Texas A&M University, USAHyejin Lee, Tufts University, MA, USA and Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea, USAJadranka Svarc, Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Zagreb, CroatiaJehu Onyekwere Nnaji, University of Naples II, Italy and Globe Visions Network Italy, ItalyJulia M. Mack, Gannon University, USAMiriam Parise, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, ItalyMohammad Naji Shah Mohammadi, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaQingzhi Huan, Peking University, ChinaRachita Shrivastava Roy, Department of Higher Education, Chhatisgarh-India, IndiaRasa Poceviciene, Siauliai University, LithuaniaRemigiusz Kijak, Pedagogical University In Cracow, PolandRumana Hashem, University of East London, UKSandro Serpa, University of the Azores, Portugal
The Metaphorical Perceptions of Prospective Turkish Teachers’ Related to the Concept of “Language”
Authors: Derman Serdar 
Published: September 2017

The purpose of the present study is to reveal the metaphorical perceptions of prospective Turkish teachers’ related to the concept of “language”. The study was carried out with 158 prospective Turkish teachers’ ongoing Gaziantep University, Faculty of Education, Department of Turkish Language Teaching in 2014-2015 academic year. To reveal the perceptions of the prospective teachers related to “language” concepts through metaphors they were asked to complete one of the following prompt “Language likes …..; because….” and “Language likes to ….; because….” within about a course period (45 minutes). Metaphor eliciation method was employed in the present study and content analysis was used for data analysis. Prospective Turkish Teachers produced seventy five different metaphors for the concept of "language". Seventy five metaphors were categorized according to the common features presented in the justifications. Six categories that were structured in this way are as follows “1.Multiple manners, Flexibility, Layering 2. Origin and oldness 3. Being alive, development, change 4. Culture Carrying, Cultural Transporter 5. Communication and Socialization Tool 6. Tool of Expressing Status and Accumulations”. The findings were compared with related studies and suggestions were made for effective use of metaphors in language teaching.