bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of dietary energy intake on prepubertal development of Brahman bulls3
Authors: Nolan C. J. , Neuendorff D. A. , Godfrey R. W. , Harms P. G. , Welsh T. H. , McArthur N. H. , Randel R. D. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Twelve Brahman bulls (paired by sire, weight and age) were assigned randomly and limit fed to gain either .10 to .25 (moderate gain; MG) or .75 to 1.0 (high gain: HG) kg·hd−1·d−1 to examine the effect of dietary energy on onset of puberty. Hip height (HH), scrotal circumference (SC) and serum samples (20 min for 6 h) were obtained at four times (AGE): 0, 56 and 112 d on feed and after appearance of first motile spermatozoa (FS) in the ejaculate of HG bull of the pair. At FS both bulls of a pair were slaughtered, reproductive tissues were collected and in vitro GnRH release from the median eminence (ME) was measured. Increases in BW, HH and SC were greater (P < .05) in HG bulls. Basal ME GnRH secretion was greater (P < .05) in HG bulls. Serum LH concentrations were unchanged by energy level (P > .10) but increased (P < .01) with increasing AGE. AGE and energy level increased (P < .01) basal, mean and total serum testosterone (T) and these two factors acted synergistically (P < .01). Height and amplitude of T pulses were increased by energy level (P < .003) and AGE (P < .002). Testicular T (P < .08) and development (P < .05) were increased in HG bulls. Growth hormone peak height and amplitude concentrations following feeding increased with AGE (P < .06) but were not altered (P > .10) by energy level. Serum triglycerides (P < .03) and BUN (P < .003) increased with increasing AGE (P > .01). These data indicate that dietary energy level influences onset of puberty most directly at the testicular level.
Influence of grain and monensin supplementation on ruminal fermentation, intake, digesta kinetics and incidence and severity of frothy bloat in steers grazing winter wheat pastures
Authors: Branine M. E. , Galyean M. L. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Three 10-d collection periods (April 4 to 14, early April, EApr; April 23 to May 3, late April, LApr; May 10 to 20, 1984, mid-May, MMay) were conducted to evaluate effects of no supplement (C), .5 kg·head−1·d−1 (as-fed basis) supplemental grain (steam-flaked milo, G) or G plus 170 mg monensin·headhead−1·d−1 (M) on forage intake and digestion by 12 ruminally cannulated beef steers (four/treatment; avg initially BW = 393 kg) grazing irrigated winter wheat pasture. Ruminal pH was greater (P < .01) for M than for C or G during EApr but was not altered by treatments in LApr or MMay. Compared with C, ruminal NH3 was decreased (P < .10) by G and M (5 h after supplementation) in EApr, decreased (P < .05) by G (2h) and increased (P < .05) by M (8 h) in LApr and decreased (P < .10) by G (−1h) in MMay. Treatments had little influence on total VFA concentrations or on molar proportions of acetate and propionate. Butyrate molar proportion was decreased (P < .10) by M during EApr and LApr, but not during MMay. Monensin increased (P < .05) fluid passage rate compared with C and G in EApr but not in other periods. Particulate passage measurements did not differ (P > .10) among treatments within periods. Forage DM intake was not influenced (P > .10) by supplementation during any period. Extent of in situ forage DM disappearance was greater (P < .10) for M than for C or G during EApr (12 and 30 h of incubation) but was not different (P > .10) in LApr or MMay. Incidence of frothy bloat was decreased (P < .05) by M during EApr; this reduction may have been related to effects of M on ruminal pH, forage digestion and fluid passage.
Meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes in vitro: improvement of meiotic competence by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate.
Authors: Sato E. , Matsuo M. , Miyamoto H. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine the precise stage of growth at which the ability to resume meiosis is acquired in bovine oocytes. Oocytes of various sizes were isolated from ovaries by mechanical dissection using an 18-gauge needle followed by a razor blade. This method yielded an average of 26.2 ± 7.4 growing and fully grown oocytes from an ovary. Cumulus-enclosed oocytes were cultured in vitro in tissue culture medium 199 containing 10% fetal calf serum. Oocytes ≤ 90 µm in diameter did not resume meiosis. However, germinal vesicle breakdown was observed in oocytes whose diameters exceeded 91 µm. Polar body formation was observed in oocytes with diameters exceeding 101 µm. About 80% of the oocytes with diameters ≥ 121 µm were able to extrude the polar body. The percentage of large oocytes (101 to 120 µm) with first polar body increased when incubated in medium containing dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate; however, oocytes 90 to 101 µm did not extrude the first polar body even when cultured in a medium containing dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate. These observations indicate that the capability to resume meiosis is acquired gradually during development of oocytes and that dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate can improve the meiotic competence of bovine oocytes in culture.
THE ENERGY-DEPENDENT POSITION OF THE IBEX RIBBON DUE TO THE SOLAR WIND STRUCTURE
Authors: Swaczyna Paweł , Bzowski Maciej , Sokół Justyna M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Observations of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) allow for remote studies of the condition of plasma in the heliosphere and the neighboring local interstellar medium. The first results from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) revealed an arc-like enhancement of the ENA intensity in the sky, known as the ribbon. The ribbon was not expected from the heliospheric models prior to the launch of IBEX. One proposed explanation for the ribbon is the mechanism of secondary ENA emission. The ribbon reveals energy-dependent structure in the relative intensity along its circumference and in its position. That is, the geometric center of the ribbon varies systematically by about 10° in the energy range 0.7–4.3 keV. Here, we show by analytical modeling that this effect is a consequence of the helio-latitudinal structure of the solar wind reflected in the secondary ENAs. Along with a recently measured distance to the ribbon’s source just beyond the heliopause, our findings support the connection of the ribbon with the local interstellar magnetic field by the mechanism of secondary ENA emission. However, the magnitude of the center shift in the highest IBEX energy channel is much larger in the observations than expected from the modeling. This may be due to another, not currently recognized, process of ENA generation.
A PLANET IN AN 840 DAY ORBIT AROUND A KEPLER MAIN-SEQUENCE A STAR FOUND FROM PHASE MODULATION OF ITS PULSATIONS
Authors: Murphy Simon J. , Bedding Timothy R. , Shibahashi Hiromoto 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We have detected a 12 M

Jup

planet orbiting in or near the habitable zone of a main-sequence A star via the pulsational phase shifts induced by orbital motion. The planet has an orbital period of 840 ± 20 days and an eccentricity of 0.15. All known planets orbiting main-sequence A stars have been found via the transit method or by direct imaging. The absence of astrometric or radial velocity detections of planets around these hosts makes ours the first discovery using the orbital motion. It is also the first A star known to host a planet within 1σ of the habitable zone. We find evidence for planets in a large fraction of the parameter space where we are able to detect them. This supports the idea that A stars harbor high-mass planets in wide orbits.
DEUTERIUM FRACTIONATION DURING AMINO ACID FORMATION BY PHOTOLYSIS OF INTERSTELLAR ICE ANALOGS CONTAINING DEUTERATED METHANOL
Authors: Oba Yasuhiro , Takano Yoshinori , Watanabe Naoki , Kouchi Akira 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Deuterium (D) atoms in interstellar deuterated methanol might be distributed into complex organic molecules through molecular evolution by photochemical reactions in interstellar grains. In this study, we use a state-of-the-art high-resolution mass spectrometer coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatography system to quantitatively analyze amino acids and their deuterated isotopologues formed by the photolysis of interstellar ice analogs containing singly deuterated methanol CH2DOH at 10 K. Five amino acids (glycine, α-alanine, β-alanine, sarcosine, and serine) and their deuterated isotopologues whose D atoms are bound to carbon atoms are detected in organic residues formed by photolysis followed by warming up to room temperature. The abundances of singly deuterated amino acids are in the range of 0.3–1.1 relative to each nondeuterated counterpart, and the relative abundances of doubly and triply deuterated species decrease with an increasing number of D atoms in a molecule. The abundances of amino acids increase by a factor of more than five upon the hydrolysis of the organic residues, leading to decreases in the relative abundances of deuterated species for α-alanine and β-alanine. On the other hand, the relative abundances of the deuterated isotopologues of the other three amino acids did not decrease upon hydrolysis, indicating different formation mechanisms of these two groups upon hydrolysis. The present study facilitates both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of D fractionation during molecular evolution in the interstellar medium.
Investigating Elastic Anisotropy of the Porcine Cornea as a Function of Intraocular Pressure With Optical Coherence Elastography
Authors: Singh Manmohan , Li Jiasong , Han Zhaolong , Wu Chen , Aglyamov Salavat R. , Twa Michael D. , Larin Kirill V. 
Published: August 2016

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the elastic anisotropy of porcine corneas at different intraocular pressures (IOPs) using a noncontact optical coherence elastography (OCE) technique.

METHODS:

A focused air-pulse induced low amplitude (≤ 10
µ
m) elastic waves in fresh porcine corneas (n = 7) in situ in the whole eye globe configuration. A home-built phase-stabilized swept source optical coherence elastography (PhS-SSOCE) system imaged the elastic wave propagation at different stepped radial directions. A closed-loop feedback system was used to artificially control the IOP and the OCE measurements were repeated as the IOP was incrementally increased from 15 to 30 mm Hg in 5-mm Hg increments.

RESULTS:
The OCE measurements demonstrated that the stiffness of the cornea increased as a function of IOP and elastic anisotropy of the cornea became more pronounced at higher IOPs. The standard deviation of the modified planar anisotropy coefficient increased from 0.72 ± 0.42 at an IOP of 15 mm Hg to 1.58 ± 0.40 at 30 mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONS:
The presented noncontact OCE method was capable of detecting and assessing the corneal elastic anisotropy as a function of IOP. Due to the noninvasive nature and small amplitude of the elastic wave, this method may be able to provide further information about corneal health and integrity in vivo.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(8):562–567.]
El vídeo en la ‘prensa’ digital española: 2010-2015
Authors: Mayoral Sánchez Javier , Abejón Mendoza Paloma , Morata Santos Montserrat 
Published: August 2016

El uso de vídeos en los cibermedios ha cobrado una gran importancia durante los últimos años. Esas piezas son fundamentales para ganar la atención de los lectores en los medios digitales. Metodología: Este trabajo examina, a través de un análisis de contenido clásico, la producción audiovisual de cinco medios digitales españoles de referencia entre los años 2010 y 2015. Se estudian los géneros, los formatos, las estructuras, el tipo de producción y los contenidos de los vídeos. Resultados y conclusiones: La producción audiovisual de los cibermedios, tras una etapa de crecimiento sostenido, se ha estancado en los últimos años. Además los vídeos analizados se alejan de la narrativa audiovisual clásica. En primer lugar, por la influencia de la poderosa producción externa, que aporta piezas totalmente ajenas a los criterios periodísticos clásicos. En segundo lugar, como resultado de una producción propia que busca originalidad y nuevas fórmulas narrativas.
New methods for using diatoms and chrysophytes to infer past pH of low‐alkalinity lakes
Authors: Charles Donald F. , Smol John P. 
Published: August 2016

Distributions of both diatoms and chrysophytes (Mallomonadaceae) are clearly correlated with pH in low‐alkalinity lakes. Their siliceous remains are well preserved in lake sediments and have been used to infer long‐ and short‐term acidification trends. Until now, however, only diatoms have been used quantitatively.We describe new methods for inferring past pH in lake water using diatoms alone, chrysophytes alone, and the two together. We developed the equations with multiple regression analysis of diatom and chrysophyte assemblage data and pH measurements for 47 Adirondack lakes (pH range, 4.7–7.8). Correlations of measured vs. calculated values of pH yield r2 values of 0.70–0.94 and standard errors of 0.13–0.35 pH unit. The best predictive equations, especially for acidic lakes (pH < 5.5) incorporate both diatoms and chrysophytes. Major advantages of using chrysophytes in addition to diatoms in paleoecological studies are that chrysophytes are more sensitive at lower pH values (<5.0) than diatoms, are nearly all planktonic, represent a different phycological group, can be counted on the same slides as diatoms, and can be counted faster because there are fewer taxa. Stratigraphic diatom and chrysophyte data for two lake sediment cores are used to evaluate the equations. These methods are widely applicable in studies of cultural and natural acidification of low‐alkalinity lakes in many regions of the world.
Simulations of organic aerosol concentrations during springtime in the
Guanzhong Basin, China
Authors: Feng Tian , Li Guohui , Cao Junji , Bei Naifang , Shen Zhenxing , Zhou Weijian , Liu Suixin , Zhang Ting , Wang Yichen , Huang Ru-jin , Tie Xuexi , Molina Luisa T. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The organic aerosol (OA) concentration is simulated in the Guanzhong Basin, China from 23 to 25 April 2013 utilizing the WRF-CHEM model. Two approaches are used to predict OA concentrations: (1) a traditional secondary organic aerosol (SOA) module; (2) a non-traditional SOA module including the volatility basis-set modeling method in which primary organic aerosol (POA) is assumed to be semivolatile and photochemically reactive. Generally, the spatial patterns and temporal variations of the calculated hourly near-surface ozone and fine particle matters agree well with the observations in Xi'an and surrounding areas. The model also yields reasonable distributions of daily PM2.5 and elemental carbon (EC) compared to the filter measurements at 29 sites in the basin. Filter-measured organic carbon (OC) and EC are used to evaluate OA, POA, and SOA using the OC ∕ EC ratio approach. Compared with the traditional SOA module, the non-traditional module significantly improves SOA simulations and explains about 88 % of the observed SOA concentration. Oxidation and partitioning of POA treated as semivolatile constitute the most important pathway for the SOA formation, contributing more than 75 % of the SOA concentrations in the basin. Residential emissions are the dominant anthropogenic OA source, constituting about 50 % of OA concentrations in urban and rural areas and 30 % in the background area. The OA contribution from transportation emissions decreases from 25 % in urban areas to 20 % in the background area, and the industry emission OA contribution is less than 6 %.
Skeletal Muscle Differentiation on a Chip Shows Human Donor Mesoangioblasts’ Efficiency in Restoring Dystrophin in a Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Model
Authors: Serena Elena , Zatti Susi , Zoso Alice , Lo Verso Francesca , Tedesco F. Saverio , Cossu Giulio , Elvassore Nicola 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Restoration of the protein dystrophin on muscle membrane is the goal of many research lines aimed at curing Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Results of ongoing preclinical and clinical trials suggest that partial restoration of dystrophin might be sufficient to significantly reduce muscle damage. Different myogenic progenitors are candidates for cell therapy of muscular dystrophies, but only satellite cells and pericytes have already entered clinical experimentation. This study aimed to provide in vitro quantitative evidence of the ability of mesoangioblasts to restore dystrophin, in terms of protein accumulation and distribution, within myotubes derived from DMD patients, using a microengineered model. We designed an ad hoc experimental strategy to miniaturize on a chip the standard process of muscle regeneration independent of variables such as inflammation and fibrosis. It is based on the coculture, at different ratios, of human dystrophin-positive myogenic progenitors and dystrophin-negative myoblasts in a substrate with muscle-like physiological stiffness and cell micropatterns. Results showed that both healthy myoblasts and mesoangioblasts restored dystrophin expression in DMD myotubes. However, mesoangioblasts showed unexpected efficiency with respect to myoblasts in dystrophin production in terms of the amount of protein produced (40% vs. 15%) and length of the dystrophin membrane domain (210–240 µm vs. 40–70 µm). These results show that our microscaled in vitro model of human DMD skeletal muscle validated previous in vivo preclinical work and may be used to predict efficacy of new methods aimed at enhancing dystrophin accumulation and distribution before they are tested in vivo, reducing time, costs, and variability of clinical experimentation.

Significance
This study aimed to provide in vitro quantitative evidence of the ability of human mesoangioblasts to restore dystrophin, in terms of protein accumulation and distribution, within myotubes derived from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), using a microengineered model. An ad hoc experimental strategy was designed to miniaturize on a chip the standard process of muscle regeneration independent of variables such as inflammation and fibrosis. This microscaled in vitro model, which validated previous in vivo preclinical work, revealed that mesoangioblasts showed unexpected efficiency as compared with myoblasts in dystrophin production. Consequently, this model may be used to predict efficacy of new drugs or therapies aimed at enhancing dystrophin accumulation and distribution before they are tested in vivo.
Outcomes After Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycle Training in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis Who Are Nonambulatory
Authors: Backus Deborah , Burdett Blake , Hawkins Laura , Manella Christine , McCully Kevin K. , Sweatman Mark 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Exercise is safe and beneficial for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling offers people with significant weakness and mobility challenges an option for exercise. We sought to evaluate the safety of FES cycling and its potential to improve fatigue, pain, spasticity, and quality of life in people with moderate-to-severe MS.

Methods:
Sixteen participants with MS who were nonambulatory cycled for 30 minutes two to three times a week for 1 month. Outcomes assessed included MS Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI) subscales, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and manual muscle test (MMT).

Results:
Fourteen participants (six women and eight men) with MS completed the training. All were able to maintain or increase their cycle time; half increased the resistance while cycling. Participants demonstrated a significant decrease in the Physical (P = .02) and Psychosocial (P &lt; .01) subscales of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale. There was no significant change in the other MSQLI subscale scores. There was no change in MAS and MMT scores. Type of MS and the use of antispasticity medications, disease-modifying therapies, or dalfampridine did not seem to influence response to training. There were no adverse events.

Conclusions:
Functional electrical stimulation cycling may be a viable and effective exercise option for people with moderate-to-severe MS. Further study is required to examine the parameters of FES cycling that are most effective for people with different MS symptoms and to fully explore the potential benefits of optimizing function and improving health in people with MS.
Interobserver and Intraobserver Agreement on Qualitative Assessments of Right Ventricular Dysfunction With Echocardiography in Patients With Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Weekes Anthony J. , Oh Laura , Thacker Gregory , Johnson Angela K. , Runyon Michael , Rose Geoffrey , Johnson Thomas , Templin Megan , Norton H. James 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate observer agreement using qualitative goal‐directed echocardiographic criteria for right ventricular (RV) dysfunction prognostication in submassive pulmonary embolism (PE).MethodsTwo emergency physicians and 2 cardiologists independently reviewed 31 packets of goal‐directed echocardiographic video clips consisting of at least 3 windows obtained by emergency physicians from normotensive patients with PE. Nine packets were repeated to assess for intraobserver agreement. Right ventricular dysfunction criteria on goal‐directed echocardiography were as follows: RV enlargement was present, with a right‐to‐left ventricular basal diameter ratio of 1.0 or higher and blunting of the apex of the RV in 2 or more different windows; RV systolic dysfunction was present if the tricuspid annulus moved toward the apex 10 mm or less and there was RV free wall hypokinesis; and septal deviation was present with any flattening or deviation of the ventricular septum toward the left ventricle.ResultsAmong the 4 participants, there was 83.9% agreement on the presence or absence of RV enlargement (κ = 0.84), 74.2% agreement on the presence or absence of RV systolic dysfunction (κ = 0.69), and 71.0% agreement on the presence or absence of septal deviation (κ = 0.59). Intraobserver agreement was 100% for each RV dysfunction variable for each observer (κ = 1.0).ConclusionsAgreement was substantial for both severe RV enlargement and RV systolic dysfunction and moderate for septal deviation. Right ventricular dysfunction assessment with qualitative goal‐directed echocardiographic criteria is reproducible for PE risk stratification.
Liquid‐filled canyons on Titan
Authors: Poggiali V. , Mastrogiuseppe M. , Hayes A. G. , Seu R. , Birch S. P. D. , Lorenz R. , Grima C. , Hofgartner J. D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn May 2013 the Cassini RADAR altimeter observed channels in Vid Flumina, a drainage network connected to Titan's second largest hydrocarbon sea, Ligeia Mare. Analysis of these altimeter echoes shows that the channels are located in deep (up to ~570 m), steep‐sided, canyons and have strong specular surface reflections that indicate they are currently liquid filled. Elevations of the liquid in these channels are at the same level as Ligeia Mare to within a vertical precision of about 0.7 m, consistent with the interpretation of drowned river valleys. Specular reflections are also observed in lower order tributaries elevated above the level of Ligeia Mare, consistent with drainage feeding into the main channel system.