bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic opioid treatment augments caveolin‐1 scaffolding: relevance to stimulatory μ‐opioid receptor adenylyl cyclase signaling
Authors: Chakrabarti Sumita , Chang Andrew , Liu Nai‐Jiang , Gintzler Alan R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCaveolin‐1 is the predominant structural protein of caveolae, a subset of (lipid) membrane rafts that compartmentalize cell signaling. Caveolin‐1 binds most to G protein‐coupled receptors and their signaling partners, thereby enhancing interactions among signaling cascade components and the relative activation of specific G protein‐coupled pathways. This study reveals that chronic opioid exposure of μ‐opioid receptor (MOR) expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells (MOR‐CHO) and chronic in vivo morphine exposure of rat spinal cord augmented recruitment of multiple components of MOR‐adenylyl cyclase (AC) stimulatory signaling by caveolin‐1. Strikingly, in MOR‐CHO and spinal cord, blocking the caveolin‐1 scaffolding domain substantially attenuated the chronic morphine‐induced increased interaction of caveolin‐1 with MOR, Gsα, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and AC. Chronic morphine treatment also increased interactions among the above signaling proteins, thus enabling sufentanil to stimulate (rather than inhibit) cAMP production within lipid membrane microdomains. The latter finding underscores the functionality of augmented interactions among MOR, Gsα, PP2A, and AC. In the aggregate, our data strongly suggest that augmented caveolin‐1 scaffolding undergirds the ability of chronic opioids to recruit an ancillary signaling pathway by acting as an organizing template for MOR‐Gsα‐AC signaling and delimiting the membrane compartment(s) in which it occurs. Since caveolin‐1 binds to a wide spectrum of signaling molecules, altered caveolin‐1 scaffolding following chronic opioid treatment is likely to pertain to most, if not all, MOR signaling partners. The chronic morphine‐induced trigger that augments caveolin‐1 scaffolding could represent a seminal perturbation that initiates the wide spectrum of adaptations thought to contribute to opioid tolerance and dependence.
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Role of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in the nucleus accumbens in long‐term cocaine‐induced neuroplasticity: a possible novel target for addiction treatment
Authors: Cuesta Santiago , Batuecas Jorgelina , Severin Maria J. , Funes Alejandrina , Rosso Silvana B. , Pacchioni Alejandra M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCocaine addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by the loss of control over drug‐seeking and taking, and continued drug use regardless of adverse consequences. Despite years of research, effective treatments for psycho‐stimulant addiction have not been identified. Persistent vulnerability to relapse arises from a number of long‐lasting adaptations in the reward circuitry that mediate the enduring response to the drug. Recently, we reported that the activity of the canonical or Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is very important in the early stages of cocaine‐induced neuroadaptations. In the present work, our main goal was to elucidate the relevance of this pathway in cocaine‐induced long‐term neuroadaptations that may underlie relapse. We found that a cocaine challenge, after a period of abstinence, induced an increase in the activity of the pathway which is revealed as an increase in the total and nuclear levels of β‐catenin (final effector of the pathway) in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), together with a decrease in the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Moreover, we found that the pharmacological modulation of the activity of the pathway has long‐term effects on the cocaine‐induced neuroplasticity at behavioral and molecular levels. All the results imply that changes in the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway effectors are long‐term neuroadaptations necessary for the behavioral response to cocaine. Even though more research is needed, the present results introduce the Wnt canonical pathway as a possible target to manage cocaine long‐term neuroadaptations.image
Relationship between mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 maturation and inclusion formation in cell models
Authors: Ayers Jacob I. , McMahon Benjamin , Gill Sabrina , Lelie Herman L. , Fromholt Susan , Brown Hilda , Valentine Joan Selverstone , Whitelegge Julian P. , Borchelt David R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA common property of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), harboring mutations associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is a high propensity to misfold and form abnormal aggregates. The aggregation of mutant SOD1 has been demonstrated in vitro, with purified proteins, in mouse models, in human tissues, and in cultured cell models. In vitro translation studies have determined that SOD1 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mutations is slower to mature, and thus perhaps vulnerable to off‐pathway folding that could generate aggregates. The aggregation of mutant SOD1 in living cells can be monitored by tagging the protein with fluorescent fluorophores. In this study, we have taken advantage of the Dendra2 fluorophore technology in which excitation can be used to switch the output color from green to red, thereby clearly creating a time stamp that distinguishes pre‐existing and newly made proteins. In cells that transiently over‐express the Ala 4 to Val variant of SOD1‐Dendra2, we observed that newly made mutant SOD1 was rapidly captured by pathologic intracellular inclusions. In cell models of mutant SOD1 aggregation over‐expressing untagged A4V‐SOD1, we observed that immature forms of the protein, lacking a Cu co‐factor and a normal intramolecular disulfide, persist for extended periods. Our findings fit with a model in which immature forms of mutant A4V‐SOD1, including newly made protein, are prone to misfolding and aggregation.
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A novel mutation of KRT9 gene in a Chinese Han pedigree with epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma
Authors: Chen Nan , Sun Jingying , Song Yali , Wei Xinjing , Shi Yan , Zhang Li 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundMutations of keratin 9 (KRT9) gene is a hot research area of epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK).AimsTo identify the genes caused the EPPK of a Chinese family.Patients/MethodsThree cases of lesions were collected for pathological examination. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of six patients and five healthy individuals and 100 unrelated individuals. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify exons 1 of KRT9 gene. PCR products were sequenced to identify potential mutations.ResultsThe lesion pathology of the proband and two ill relatives diagnosed EPPK. A new heterozygous missense mutation (488G>T) was identified in the 488 site of exon 1 of KRT9 gene in all six patients, which resulted in substitution of thymine for guanine, and substitution of leucine acid for arginine acid at position 163 of the KRT9 protein. The same mutation was not found in the five healthy individuals of the family and 100 unrelated individuals.ConclusionsThe new heterozygous missense mutation (488G>T) of KRT9 gene is probably the cause of EPPK in this Chinese family.
Embolization of the inferior mesenteric artery for post‐partum hemorrhage with a vaginal laceration: A case with unusual collateral supply
Authors: Kim Cho Hee , Jeon Gyeong Sik , Lee Shin Jae , Kang Suk Ho 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA 36‐year‐old primipara woman was referred to the interventional department for management of severe primary post‐partum hemorrhage with a vaginal laceration after a normal vaginal delivery. Angiography revealed that the superior rectal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery was one of the origins of persistent vaginal bleeding following embolization of both uterine arteries. The patient was successfully treated by selective embolization without other complications. Our case report highlights that the inferior mesenteric artery should be considered as an unusual extrauterine source for post‐partum hemorrhage.
Concealed heterotopic pregnancy at 12 weeks, with no coexisting risk factors: Lessons to be learned
Authors: Pratilas Georgios C. , Chatzis Panagiotis , Panteleris Nikolaos , Chatzistamatiou Kimon , Zeipiridis Leonidas , Dinas Konstantinos 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA woman presented at the gynecological emergency clinic with severe lower abdominal pain. Even though she reported normal menses and had no risk factors for ectopic pregnancy, pregnancy test was positive and vaginal sonogram indicated heterotopic pregnancy at 12 weeks of gestation, with rupture of the ectopic pregnancy. Laboratory results indicated significant blood loss, and emergency laparotomy with salpingo‐ophorectomy was performed. The intrauterine pregnancy continued uneventfully. Interestingly, the previous month the patient had also undergone investigation for vague abdominal pain and anemia. This case, apart from being very interesting because of the rarity of naturally occurring heterotopic pregnancy, shows how a number of factors in patient management and investigation, when combined with rare and uncommon conditions, can lead to incorrect diagnosis with the associated implications for patient safety. This case therefore demonstrates the need for improved patient care and outcome.
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Authors: Karpman Diana , Loos Sebastian , Tati Ramesh , Arvidsson Ida 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHaemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is defined by the simultaneous occurrence of nonimmune haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. This leads to the pathological lesion termed thrombotic microangiopathy, which mainly affects the kidney, as well as other organs. HUS is associated with endothelial cell injury and platelet activation, although the underlying cause may differ. Most cases of HUS are associated with gastrointestinal infection with Shiga toxin‐producing enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains. Atypical HUS (aHUS) is associated with complement dysregulation due to mutations or autoantibodies. In this review, we will describe the causes of HUS. In addition, we will review the clinical, pathological, haematological and biochemical features, epidemiology and pathogenetic mechanisms as well as the biochemical, microbiological, immunological and genetic investigations leading to diagnosis. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the different subtypes of HUS enables tailoring of appropriate treatment and management. To date, there is no specific treatment for EHEC‐associated HUS but patients benefit from supportive care, whereas patients with aHUS are effectively treated with anti‐C5 antibody to prevent recurrences, both before and after renal transplantation.
Image analysis of fatty infiltration in labial salivary gland biopsies: extent and its correlation to age, obesity and diabetes
Authors: Katona Krisztián , Elekes Eszter , Farkas Nelli , Kneif Mária , Sütő Gábor , Tornóczky Tamás 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundFatty infiltration of minor salivary gland parenchyma is relatively frequent, but not extensively examined histopathological phenomenon in biopsy samples. Its extent and relation to several suspected background diseases are not well understood.MethodsIn this study, we examined the presence and extent of fatty infiltration on digitally scanned versions of the periodic acid/Schiff‐stained minor salivary gland slides of 275 patients. As a result of the image analysis, fatty infiltration was expressed in per cent of the whole selected area. The presence and extent of this change were compared to age, diabetes mellitus and body mass index in various statistical analyses.ResultsSignificantly higher age and body mass index values were found in the fatty infiltration positive than in the negative group. We also found that not only the number of fatty infiltration positive cases was increased significantly in the gradually worsened body mass index groups, but the extent of fatty infiltration also increased as the obesity worsened. Age also showed significant correlation with the extent of fatty infiltration.DiscussionAll of these findings support that the age (which seemed the only independent variable) shows strong correlation with the presence of the fatty infiltration but obesity may also play important role in the development and the extent of this change. Because of its frequency in elderly, at least partly, the fatty infiltration might be responsible for the xerostomia. We also think that presence of fatty infiltration should be mentioned in the histopathological report of salivary gland biopsies.
The Conometric Concept: Definitive Fixed Lithium Disilicate Restorations Supported by Conical Abutments
Authors: Degidi Marco , Nardi Diego , Sighinolfi Gianluca , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeThe use of the conical coupling connection to support definitive restorations was evaluated in cases involving full acrylic resin or hybrid acrylic resin‐composite prostheses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of definitive fixed partial prostheses made with lithium disilicate and supported by coupling connection abutments and healed implants.Materials and MethodsThe prostheses were placed in the posterior regions of partially edentulous patients; 65 patients received fixed lithium disilicate restorations splinted with conical coupling connections to two implants. Implants were placed into healed sites and fresh extraction sockets. The prostheses were placed after healing periods of 3 months: restorations were followed yearly for 3 years. At each follow‐up visit, peri‐implant bone levels and pocket depths were recorded. Esthetic, functional, and biologic United States Public Health Services (USPHS) parameters modified by the FDI World Dental Federation study design were assessed at the last follow‐up appointments.ResultsTwo prostheses (3.07%) fractured: one was related to framework design error; one was caused by a car accident. Three patients reported small chips: these restorations were immediately polished. No significant difference involving peri‐implant bone and probing levels between the experimental times were found. None of the prostheses became loose.ConclusionsThe results of this research indicated that abutment‐prostheses coupling connections were successful within the timeframe of this study.
Explaining Disparities in Youth Aerobic Fitness and Body Mass Index: Relative Impact of Socioeconomic and Minority Status
Authors: Bai Yang , Saint‐Maurice Pedro F. , Welk Gregory J. , Allums‐Featherston Kelly , Candelaria Norma 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTo advance research on youth fitness promotion it is important to understand factors that may explain the disparities in fitness.METHODSWe evaluated data from the FitnessGram NFL PLAY60 Partnership Project to examine school factors influencing aerobic capacity (AC) and body mass index (BMI) in schoolchildren. Individual observations for AC (157,971 students from 675 schools) and BMI (178,274 students from 630 schools) were aggregated to compute the percentage of students achieving the Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ). We examined achievements using adjusted linear regression models with socioeconomic status (SES), minority status, region, enrollment, and grade as factors.RESULTSThe mean HFZ for AC and BMI were 51.6% and 56.9%, respectively. SES, minority status, and enrollment were all significantly associated with AC HFZ among boys, and SES and enrollment were significant predictors of AC HFZ in girls. SES and location were significantly related to BMI HFZ among boys but only SES significantly predicted BMI HFZ in girls. Schools with higher SES had higher AC and BMI HFZ achievements.CONCLUSIONSSES was consistently associated with health‐related fitness, independent of sex, but not minority status.
Socioeconomic Factors Influence Physical Activity and Sport in Quebec Schools
Authors: Morin Pascale , Lebel Alexandre , Robitaille Éric , Bisset Sherri 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool environments providing a wide selection of physical activities and sufficient facilities are both essential and formative to ensure young people adopt active lifestyles. We describe the association between school opportunities for physical activity and socioeconomic factors measured by low‐income cutoff index, school size (number of students), and neighborhood population density.METHODSA cross‐sectional survey using a 2‐stage stratified sampling method built a representative sample of 143 French‐speaking public schools in Quebec, Canada. Self‐administered questionnaires collected data describing the physical activities offered and schools' sports facilities. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed separately for primary and secondary schools.RESULTSIn primary schools, school size was positively associated with more intramural and extracurricular activities, more diverse interior facilities, and activities promoting active transportation. Low‐income primary schools were more likely to offer a single gym. Low‐income secondary schools offered lower diversity of intramural activities and fewer exterior sporting facilities. High‐income secondary schools with a large school size provided a greater number of opportunities, larger infrastructures, and a wider selection of physical activities than smaller low‐income schools.CONCLUSIONSResults reveal an overall positive association between school availability of physical and sport activity and socioeconomic factors.
Flavonoid-enriched fraction from Echinodorus macrophyllus aqueous extract exhibits high in-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity
Authors: da Silva Girlaine Pereira , Fernandes Daniele Corrêa , Vigliano Mariana Vieira , da Fonseca Eduardo Nunes , Santos Shirley Vânia Moura , Marques Paulo Roberto , Justo Maria da Graça , Sabino Kátia Costa de Carvalho , Coelho Marsen Garcia Pinto 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth) Micheli (Alismataceae) is popularly used as an infusion to treat inflammatory diseases. This work fractionated the aqueous extract of E. macrophyllus (AEEm) to improve its anti-inflammatory effects.

Methods
Aqueous extract of E. macrophyllus was fractionated by Sephadex LH-20 and analysed by HPLC-DAD. Anti-inflammatory action was evaluated, in vivo, by air pouch model (total leucocyte, protein and leukotriene B4 (LTB4)), and, in vitro, by neutrophil migration (transwell assay) and its Mac1 expression (flow cytometry), and RAW 264.7 nitric oxide (NO) production (Griess reaction).

Key findings
Fr20 reduced total leucocyte at 2.5 mg/kg (29.7%) while ethanolic extract of E. macrophyllus (EAEm) increased it (94.0%). Fr20 showed higher (P &lt; 0.05) inhibition (89.8%) of LTB4 in exudate than EAEm (75.0%). Fr20 and EAEm decreased exudate protein and inflammatory infiltrate in pouch tissues, in-vitro neutrophil migration, and NO production. Otherwise, Fr40 did not reduce leucocytes and exudate protein (until 50 mg/kg) nor tissue inflammation, and increased in-vitro NO production. The inhibition of neutrophil migration by EAEm, but not Fr20, was dependent on reduced Mac-1 expression.

Conclusions
The fractionation of AEEm provided a more potent anti-inflammatory fraction containing flavonoids (Fr20) that reduces the migration of neutrophils and LTB4 release, probably contributing to its mechanism of action.
New biomarkers for increased intestinal permeability induced by dextran sodium sulphate and fasting in chickens
Authors: Gilani S. , Howarth G. S. , Kitessa S. M. , Tran C. D. , Forder R. E. A. , Hughes R. J. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIncreased intestinal permeability (IP) can lead to compromised health in chickens. As there is limited literature on in vivo biomarkers to assess increased IP in chickens, the objective of this study was to identify a reliable biomarker of IP using DSS ingestion and fasting models. Male Ross chickens (n = 48) were reared until day 14 on the floor pen in an animal care facility, randomized into the following groups: control, DSS and fasting (each with n = 16), and then placed in metabolism cages. DSS was administered in drinking water at 0.75% from days 16 to 21, while controls and fasted groups received water. All birds had free access to feed and water except the birds in the fasting group that were denied feed for 19.5 h on day 20. On day 21, all chickens were given two separate oral gavages comprising fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC‐d, 2.2 mg in 1 ml/bird) at time zero and lactulose, mannitol and rhamnose (LMR) sugars (0.25 g L, 0.05 g M and 0.05 g R in 2 ml/bird) at 60 min. Whole blood was collected from the brachial vein in a syringe 90 min post‐LMR sugar gavage. Serum FITC‐d and plasma LMR sugar concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry and high‐performance ion chromatography respectively. Plasma concentrations of intestinal fatty acid binding protein, diamine oxidase, tight junction protein (TJP), d‐lactate and faecal α‐antitrypsin inhibitor concentration were also analysed by ELISA. FITC‐d increased significantly (p < 0.05) after fasting compared with control. L/M and L/R ratios for fasting and L/M ratio for DSS increased compared with control chickens (p < 0.05). TJP in plasma was significantly increased due to fasting but not DSS treatment, compared with controls. Other tests did not indicate changes in IP (p > 0.05). We concluded that FITC‐d and LMR sugar tests can be used in chickens to assess changes in IP.
Prevalence and Clinical Relevance of Exon 2 Deletion ofCOMMD1in Bedlington Terriers in Korea
Authors: Kim Y.G. , Kim S.Y. , Kim J.H. , Lee K.K. , Yun Y.M. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundDeletion of exon 2 ofcopper metabolism domain containing 1(COMMD1) results in copper toxicosis in Bedlington terriers (CT‐BT).ObjectivesThis study was conducted to identify the prevalence and clinical relevance of theCOMMD1mutation in Bedlington terriers in Korea.AnimalsA total of 105 purebred Bedlington terriers (50 males, 55 females) from the kennels and pet dog clubs in Korea were examined during the period 2008–2013.MethodsA multiplexPCRwas carried out to detect exon 2 deletion ofCOMMD1. Clinical analysis was performed on each genetic group, and clinical status of the dogs was followed up to estimate survival probability.ResultsOf the 105 samples, 52 (49%) were wild‐type homozygote, 47 (45%) were heterozygote, and 6 (6%) were mutant‐type homozygote. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was increased in the mutant‐type homozygous group >2 years of age (P< .0001). The survival probability of 6 mutant‐type homozygotes surviving 2.5 years was 0.67, and 4 years was 0.5.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceResults show the prevalence and clinical relevance of exon 2 deletion ofCOMMD1and could help establish a structured selective breeding program to preventCT‐BTin Korea.