bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How much did the soldiers dig? A quantification of WW1 remains in Argonne, France
Authors: Brenot Jérôme , Saulière Nicolas , Léty Cédric , Taborelli Pierre , Zélie Bruno , Blondeau Rémi , Devos Alain , Desfossés Yves 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Franco‐German front lines of the Argonne Forest in northern France, now partially preserved under forest cover, were the subject of a geoarchaeological survey that aimed at documenting the geomorphic impact of WW1 on battlefield topography. An archaeological field program, including pedestrian survey and excavation, was combined with geoarchaeological survey, archival research, and a large‐scale lidar survey, the goal being to map and quantify all surface war remains within the study area and their postwar morphological history. These data allowed for the calculation of variations in landscape relief (as displaced sediment volume) related to the construction of the trenches as well as sediment displaced through artillery shelling. Results show that displaced sediment volumes range between 1000 and 2000 m³/ha, and reflect the intensity of trench warfare on the landscape; we are able to document differences in trench building and maintenance between the French and German sides, as well as how artillery shelling altered the landscape. The lidar data, when combined with military maps produced during the war, as well as field verification, highlight the persistence of the now long‐abandoned trenches and wider landscape.
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) use in severe mental illness (SMI) patients: Potential changes in the phenomenology of psychiatric diseases
Authors: Bersani Giuseppe , Prevete Elisabeth 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveLiterature is quite poor about the clinical effects of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) and the long‐term consequences of NPS use in psychiatric patients. Consequently, it is of the greatest interest to examine which effects NPS can exert in patients with previous severe mental illness (SMI), such as psychotic patients. The aim of this work was a comprehensive review about NPS use in patients with SMI.MethodsWe searched Medline or PubMed for relevant English‐language citations and reviews describing relationships between NPS use and mental disorders, as well as for the main groups of substances and associated psychiatric manifestations. All studies reporting single case or case series of patients were selected.ResultsThe NPS use in patients with SMI is probably underestimated. The one existing systematic review considers only 14 studies, 12 of which are case reports. Most clinical results report acute symptom exacerbation of preexisting psychosis. Paranoid, mood, and aggression symptoms occur more frequently.ConclusionsNPS use could modify clinical features of SMI, but these conclusions cannot be generalizable. More evidence is needed to establish the causal and effective connection between NPS use and course of illness, type of psychiatric symptoms, and outcome of treatment in terms of adherence or response.
Alzheimer disease classification using KPCA, LDA, and multi‐kernel learning SVM
Authors: Alam Saruar , Kwon Goo‐Rak ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2017

AbstractEarly diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is always useful. Preventive measures might have an impact on reducing AD risk factors. Structural magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, one of the vital sensitive biomarkers for cerebral atrophy in the brain, is used to extract volumetric feature by FreeSurfer and the CIVET toolbox. All of the structural magnetic resonance imaging (s‐MRI) data that we used were downloaded from the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu) of imaging data. This novel approach is applied for the diagnosis of AD and MCI from healthy controls (HCs) combining extracted features with the MMSE (mini‐mental state examination) scores, applying a two sample t‐test to select a subset of features. The subset of features is fed to kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) module to project data onto the reduced principal component coefficients at higher dimensional kernel space to increase the linear separability. Then, the kernel PCA coefficients are projected into the more efficient linear discriminant space using linear discriminant analysis. A multi‐kernel learning support vector machine (SVM) is used on newly projected data for stratification of AD and MCI from HCs. Using this approach, we obtain 93.85% classification accuracy when detecting AD from HCs for segmented volumetric features (using FreeSurfer) with high sensitivity and specificity. When distinguishing MCI from HCs and AD using volumetric features after subcortical segmentation, the detection rate reaches 86.54% and 75.12%, respectively.
Data modeling and method analysis for brain imaging genetics
Authors: Sheng Jinhua 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBrain imaging genetics is a popular research topic on evaluating the association between genetic variations and neuroimaging quantitative traits (QTs). As a bi‐multivariate analysis method, sparse canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a useful technique which identifies efficiently genetic diseases on the brain with modeling dependencies between the variables of genotype data and phenotype data. The initial efforts on evaluating several space CCA methods are made for brain imaging genetics. A linear model is proposed to generate realistic imaging genomic data with selected genotype‐phenotype associations from real data and effectively capture the sparsity underlying projects. Three space CCA algorithms are applied to the synthetic data, and show better or comparable performance on the synthetic data in terms of the estimated canonical correlations. They have successfully identified an important association between genotype and phenotype. Experiments on simulated and real imaging genetic data show that approximating covariance structure using an identity or diagonal matrix and the approach used in these space CCA algorithms could limit the space CCA capability in identifying the underlying imaging genetics associations. Further development depends largely on enhanced space CCA methods that effectively pay attention to the covariance structures in simulated and real imaging genetics data.
Evaluation of detection distance‐dependent reflectance spectroscopy for the determination of the sun protection factor using pig ear skin
Authors: Reble Carina , Gersonde Ingo , Schanzer Sabine , Meinke Martina C. , Helfmann Jürgen , Lademann Jürgen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDetermination of sun protection factors (SPFs) is currently an invasive method, which is based on erythema formation (phototest). Here we describe an optical setup and measurement methodology for the determination of SPFs based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, which measures UV‐reflectance spectra at 4 distances from the point of illumination. Due to a high spatial variation of the reflectance data, most likely due to inhomogeneities of the sunscreen distribution, data of 50 measurement positions are averaged. A dependence of the measured SPF on detection distance is significant for 3 sunscreens, while being inconclusive for 2 sunscreens due to high inter‐sample variations. Using pig ear skin samples (n=6), the obtained SPF of 5 different commercial sunscreens corresponds to the SPF values of certified test institutes in 3 cases and is lower for 2 sunscreens of the same manufacturer, suggesting a formulation specific reason for the discrepancy. The results demonstrate that the measurement can be performed with a UV dose below the minimal erythema dose. We conclude the method may be considered as a potential noninvasive in vivo alternative to the invasive in vivo phototest, but further tests on different sunscreen formulations are still necessary.magnified image
Winter habitat associations of eastern spotted skunks in Virginia
Authors: Thorne Emily D. , Waggy Charles , Jachowski David S. , Kelly Marcella J. , Ford W. Mark 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTEastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius) populations have declined throughout much of their range in the eastern United States over recent decades. Declines have been attributed to habitat loss or change, increased competition with sympatric mesocarnivore species, or disease. To better understand the extant distribution of spotted skunks in the Appalachian Mountains of western Virginia, USA, we used a detection‐non‐detection sampling approach using baited camera traps to evaluate the influence of landscape‐level environmental covariates on spotted skunk detection probability and site occupancy. We conducted camera trap surveys at 91 sites from January to May in 2014 and 2015. Spotted skunk occupancy was associated with young‐aged forest stands at lower elevations and more mature forest stands at higher elevations. Both land cover types in this region can be characterized as having complex forest structure, providing cover that varies with stand age, species composition, elevation, and management regime. Our results provide insight into factors that influence spotted skunk spatial distribution and habitat selection, information that can be used to generate conservation assessments and inform management decisions. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Virial stress–based model to simulate the silica glass densification with the discrete element method
Authors: Jebahi Mohamed , Dau Frédéric , Iordanoff Ivan , Guin Jean‐Pierre 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe discrete element method (DEM) presents an alternative way to model complex mechanical problems of silica glass, such as brittle fracture. Since discontinuities are naturally considered by DEM, no complex transition procedure from continuum phase to discontinuum one is required. However, to ensure that DEM can properly reproduce the silica glass cracking mechanisms, it is necessary to correctly model the different features characterizing its mechanical behavior before fracture. Particularly, it is necessary to correctly model the densification process of this material, which is known to strongly influence the fracture mechanisms. The present paper proposes a new and very promising way to model such process, which is assumed to occur only under hydrostatic pressure. An accurate predictive‐corrective densification model is developed. This model shows a great flexibility to reproduce extremely complex densification features. Furthermore, it involves only one calibration parameter, which makes it very easy to apply. This new model represents a major step towards accurate modeling of materials permanent deformation with the discrete element method, which has long been a huge challenge in applying this method for continuum problems.
Strain localization in a solid‐water‐air system with random heterogeneity via stabilized mixed finite elements
Authors: Song Xiaoyu , Ye Ming , Wang Kaiqi 
Published: May 2017

SummaryUnsaturated soils are solid‐water‐air systems that include a solid skeleton, pore water, and pore air. Heterogeneities in porosity or degree of saturation are salient features of unsaturated soils. These heterogeneities may trigger localized deformation (eg, shear banding) in such materials as demonstrated by numerical simulations via a pseudo three‐phase model. In this article, we formulate a true three‐phase mathematical framework implemented via stabilized low‐order mixed finite elements. With this mathematical framework, we study the evolution of pore air pressure and its role in the inception of strain localization triggered by initial heterogeneity either in porosity or suction. The numerical simulations show that pore air pressure is nonzero and nonuniform in the process of progressive failure in unsaturated soils. The heterogeneity of pore air pressure may also play a significant role in the onset of localized deformation of unsaturated soils. Therefore, a three‐phase model considering the pore air phase is physically more appropriate for modeling strain localization in unsaturated soils.
Histology, fusion status, and outcome in metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Rudzinski Erin R. , Anderson James R. , Chi Yueh‐Yun , Gastier‐Foster Julie M. , Astbury Caroline , Barr Frederic G. , Skapek Stephen X. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Weigel Brenda J. , Pappo Alberto , Meyer William H. , Arnold Michael A. , Teot Lisa A. , Parham David M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundDistinguishing alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) from embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) has historically been of prognostic and therapeutic importance. However, classification has been complicated by shifting histologic criteria required for an ARMS diagnosis. Children's Oncology Group (COG) studies after IRS‐IV, which included the height of this diagnostic shift, showed both an increased number of ARMS and an increase in the proportion of fusion‐negative ARMS. Following diagnostic standardization and histologic re‐review of ARMS cases enrolled during this era, analysis of low‐risk (D9602) and intermediate‐risk (D9803) rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) studies showed that fusion status rather than histology best predicts prognosis for patients with RMS. This analysis remains to be completed for patients with high‐risk RMS.ProcedureWe re‐reviewed cases on high‐risk COG studies D9802 and ARST0431 with an enrollment diagnosis of ARMS. We compared the event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival by histology, PAX‐FOXO1 fusion, and clinical risk factors (Oberlin score) for patients with metastatic RMS using the log‐rank test.ResultsHistology re‐review resulted in reclassification as ERMS for 12% of D9802 cases and 5% of ARST0431 cases. Fusion‐negative RMS had a superior EFS to fusion‐positive RMS; however, poorer outcome for metastatic RMS was most related to clinical risk factors including age, primary site, and number of metastatic sites.ConclusionsIn contrast to low‐ or intermediate‐risk RMS, in metastatic RMS, clinical risk factors have the most impact on patient outcome. PAX‐FOXO1 fusion is more common in patients with a high Oberlin score, but fusion status is not an independent biomarker of prognosis.
No‐confounding designs with 20 runs—Alternatives to resolution IV screening designs
Authors: Stone Brian B. , Montgomery Douglas C. , Silvestrini Rachel T. , Jones Bradley 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhen experimental resources are significantly constrained, resolution V fractional factorial designs are often prohibitively large for experiments with 6 or more factors. Resolution IV designs may also be cost prohibitive, as additional experimentation may be required to de‐alias active 2‐factor interactions (2FI). This paper introduces 20‐run no‐confounding screening designs for 6 to 12 factors as alternatives to resolution IV designs. No‐confounding designs have orthogonal main effects, and since no 2FI is completely confounded with another main effects or 2FI, the experimental results can be analyzed without follow‐on experimentation. The paper concludes with the results of a Monte Carlo simulation used to assess the model‐fitting accuracy of the recommended designs.
Effects of controlled water temperatures on oviposition in a lotic‐breeding and externally fertilizing salamander (Hynobius kimurae)
Authors: Kakegawa M. , Hasumi M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWarm or cool ambient temperatures during winter generate plasticity in the within‐year timing of oviposition or breeding phenology shifts through the use of a reaction norm in many riverine ectotherms, but within‐year timing of oviposition in Hynobius kimurae (Caudata: Hynobiidae) is predicted to be constant at different water temperatures of a mountain stream. To clarify this difference, by experimentally controlling water temperatures from fall to spring and thus changing durations of aquatic hibernation and dates of oviposition, we determined whether oviposition is more advanced when water temperatures increase earlier than usual or is more delayed when water temperatures increase later than usual. Oviposition was more delayed than usual with earlier exposure to high water temperatures during spring and was earlier than usual with exposing to higher water temperatures during hibernation. Days from submergence to oviposition were responsive to cumulative daily water temperatures from submergence to oviposition within a population. A rate of increase in days from submergence to oviposition was different between populations but was constant within a population even if minimal water temperatures varied each year. When running a program of a Markov chain Monte Carlo generalized linear mixed model for Bayesian computation to interpret confounding effects, neither different treatments nor different years statistically affected days from submergence to oviposition. These results suggest that a biological clock exits for days from submergence to oviposition in H. kimurae, which could allow survival in situations with either warmer or cooler environments.
Nonlinear finite element modeling and response analysis of the collapsed Alto Rio building in the 2010 Chile Maule earthquake
Authors: Zhang Peizhou , Restrepo José I. , Conte Joel P. , Ou Jinping 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe 15‐story Alto Rio building built in 2006 in the city of Concepción, Chile, was the only modern building that collapsed catastrophically during the February 27, 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, resulting in eight human casualties. This building was typical of many medium rise reinforced concrete bearing wall buildings designed and built in Chile during the period 1996–2009. Understanding the mechanism that led to the collapse of the Alto Rio building is of high relevance in the earthquake engineering community. For this purpose, a detailed three‐dimensional nonlinear model of the as‐built Alto Rio building structure was developed in the OpenSees analysis framework using the beam‐truss modeling approach. The geometry of the structure was obtained directly from the architectural blueprints. Realistic cyclic material constitutive models were used for the reinforcing steel and concrete materials. This paper describes in detail the development of the building model. Furthermore, it presents the results obtained from a nonlinear pushover analysis and from a nonlinear time‐history analysis using a bi‐axial horizontal input ground motion generated by blending time‐history ground accelerations recorded at an accelerograph station located 1.2 km from the building and time‐history ground displacements recorded at a GPS station located 3.7 km from the building.
Consumer Mobile Health Apps: Current State, Barriers, and Future Directions
Authors: Kao Cheng‐Kai , Liebovitz David M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper discusses the current state, barriers, and future directions of consumer‐facing applications (apps). There are currently more than 165,000 mobile health apps publicly available in major app stores, the vast majority of which are designed for patients. The top 2 categories are wellness management and disease management apps, whereas other categories include self‐diagnosis, medication reminder, and electronic patient portal apps. Apps specific to physical medicine and rehabilitation also are reviewed. These apps have the potential to provide low‐cost, around‐the‐clock access to high‐quality, evidence‐based health information to end users on a global scale. However, they have not yet lived up to their potential due to multiple barriers, including lack of regulatory oversight, limited evidence‐based literature, and concerns of privacy and security. The future directions may consist of improving data integration into the health care system, an interoperable app platform allowing access to electronic health record data, cloud‐based personal health record across health care networks, and increasing app prescription by health care providers. For consumer mobile health apps to fully contribute value to health care delivery and chronic disease management, all stakeholders within the ecosystem must collaborate to overcome the significant barriers.
Unsteady critical liquid sheet flows
Authors: Girfoglio M. , De Rosa F. , Coppola G. , de Luca L. 
Published: May 2017

The unsteady global dynamics of a gravitational liquid sheet interacting with a one-sided adjacent air enclosure (commonly referred to as nappe oscillation configuration) is addressed under the assumptions of potential flow and the presence of surface tension effects. From a theoretical viewpoint the problem is challenging, because from previous literature it is known that the equation governing the evolution of small disturbances exhibits a singularity at the vertical station where the local flow velocity equals the capillary wave velocity (local critical condition), although the solution to the problem has not yet been found. The equation governing the local dynamics resembles one featuring the forced vibrations of a string of finite length, formulated in the reference frame moving with the flow velocity, and exhibits both slow and fast characteristic curves. From the global system perspective the nappe behaves as a driven damped spring–mass oscillator, where the inertial effects are linked to the liquid sheet mass and the spring is represented by the equivalent stiffness of the air enclosure acting on the displacement of the compliant nappe centreline. A suited procedure is developed to remove the singularity of the integro-differential operator for Weber numbers less than unity. The investigation is carried out by means of a modal (i.e. time asymptotic) linear approach, which is corroborated by numerical simulations of the governing equation and supported by systematic comparisons with experimental data from the literature, available in the supercritical regime only. As regards the critical regime for the unit Weber number, the major theoretical result is a sharp increase in oscillation frequency as the flow Weber number is gradually reduced from supercritical to subcritical values due to the shift of the prevailing mode from the slow one to the fast one.
‘Io so’: the absence of resolution as resolution in contemporary Italian cinema about the ‘years of lead’
Authors: Lichtner Giacomo 
Published: May 2017

This article analyses three fantasy sequences in contemporary Italian cinema about political terrorism in the period known as theanni di piombo(‘years of lead’). It argues that, faced with divided memories, ideologically-charged narratives of the past, political interference and the so-called Italian anomalies, film-makers have reacted by making the absence of resolution a question in its own right. The article identifies and analyses three specific approaches, each linked to a sequence from each film. The first sequence, ‘uno sfondo di verità’, focuses on Marco Tullio Giordana’sRomanzo di una strage, which navigates the absence of resolution, lamenting it but also exploiting it to force a particular version of events. The second sequence, ‘vado a dormire’, focuses on Marco Bellocchio’sBuongiorno, notte, which uses a dream sequence to fabricate a different resolution, but simultaneously underscore reality. The third sequence, ‘mea culpa’, analyses the invented confession scene in Paolo Sorrentino’sIl Divo, arguing that it employs ambiguity to find closure in imagination itself, rather than in an imagined truth. Through the micro-analyses of these texts, this article seeks to highlight a broader question about cinema’s relationship with ambiguity and mystery in modern Italian history.