bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new model of fundus autofluorescence time evolution in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
Authors: Sojka‐Leszczyńska P. , Leszczyński B. , Kubicka‐Trząska A. , Romanowska‐Dixon B. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeFundus Autofluorescence proved to be a valuable non‐invasive tool for Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome evaluation. Until now several models describing time evolution of the Fundus Autofluorescence in MEWDS have been proposed.The aim of our study is to present a new model of the Fundus Autofluorescence evaluation based on four examinations in a 56‐year‐old patient during a 3 months follow‐up period.MethodsFundus Autofluorescence images were captured by HRA Spectralis Heidelberg Engineering Imaging System. The ImageJ image analysis software was used for image denoising by median filtering. We have applied Otsu's multilevel tresholding method for image segmentation to distinguish and differentiate autofluorescent areas from normal fundus.ResultsWe have observed two levels of fluorescence intensity in the analyzed images. Bright fluorescence areas changed significantly with recovery time. Overall fluorescence areas changed to a lesser extent ‐ the areas were shrinking centripetally with functional improvement.ConclusionsCombination of Fundus Autofluorescence with image analysis methods brings us quantitative data, facilitating the trend analysis.
Predictors of depressive symptoms among psychiatric nurses who suffered from workplace violence
Authors: Hsieh Hsiu‐Fen , Wang Hsiu‐Hung , Shen Shu‐Hua , Li Yu‐Chi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimsWe examined the possible factors that contributed to or prevented developing depressive symptoms among psychiatric nurses who suffered from workplace violence under Hill's ABC‐X Model.BackgroundWorkplace violence‐related depressive symptoms are some of the major causes leading to impaired quality of life of victims and a heavy burden on society.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional and correlational study.MethodAll participants were recruited from psychiatric wards of six hospitals in Taiwan. The data were collected through structured questionnaires from October 2013–March 2014 and a total of 278 psychiatric wards nurses participated in this study and completed all questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationships among types and severity of violence, social support and depressive symptoms.ResultsOf assaulted psychiatric ward nurses, 75.9% had depressive symptoms and those with higher family support had significantly lower depressive symptoms.ConclusionsFamily support plays the most important role among assaulted psychiatric ward nurses as a protective factor against developing depressive symptoms in this study.
The classic signalling and trans‐signalling of interleukin‐6 are both injurious in podocyte under high glucose exposure
Authors: Lei Chun‐Tao , Su Hua , Ye Chen , Tang Hui , Gao Pan , Wan Cheng , He Fang‐Fang , Wang Yu‐Mei , Zhang Chun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInterleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a multifunctional cytokine that employs IL‐6 classic and trans‐signalling pathways, and these two signal channels execute different or even opposite effects in certain diseases. As a cardinal event of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), whether the podocyte abnormalities are associated with IL‐6 signalling, especially classic or trans‐signalling respectively, remains unclear. In this study, we identified that the circulatory IL‐6, soluble IL‐6R (sIL‐6R) and soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) levels are elevated in patients with DKD. The expressions of membrane‐bound IL‐6R (mIL‐6R), sIL‐6R and gp130 are enhanced in kidney cortex of diabetic mice accompanying with activated STAT3 by tyrosine 705 residue phosphorylation, while not serine 727. Above data infer both classic signalling and trans‐signalling of IL‐6 are activated during DKD. In cultured podocyte, high glucose (HG) up‐regulates the expression of mIL‐6R and gp130, as well as STAT3 tyrosine 705 phosphorylation, in a time‐dependent manner. Entirely blocking IL‐6 signalling by gp130 shRNA, gp130 or IL‐6 neutralizing antibodies attenuates HG‐induced podocyte injury. Interestingly, either inhibiting IL‐6 classic signalling by mIL‐6R shRNA or suppressing its trans‐signalling using sgp130 protein dramatically alleviates HG‐induced podocyte injury, suggesting both IL‐6 classic signalling and trans‐signalling play a detrimental role in HG‐induced podocyte injury. Additionally, activation of IL‐6 classic or trans‐signalling aggravates podocyte damage in vitro. In summary, our observations demonstrate that the activation of either IL‐6 classic or trans‐signalling advances podocyte harming under hyperglycaemia. Thus, suppressing IL‐6 classic and trans‐signalling simultaneously may be more beneficial in podocyte protection and presents a novel therapeutic target for DKD.
MicroRNA‐27a‐3p suppression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ contributes to cognitive impairments resulting from sevoflurane treatment
Authors: Lv Xiang , Yan Jia , Jiang Jue , Zhou Xuhui , Lu Yi , Jiang Hong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSevoflurane is the most widely used anaesthetic administered by inhalation. Exposure to sevoflurane in neonatal mice can induce learning deficits and abnormal social behaviours. MicroRNA (miR)‐27a‐3p, a short, non‐coding RNA that functions as a tumour suppressor, is up‐regulated after inhalation of anaesthetic, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPAR‐γ) is one of its target genes. The objective of this study was to investigate how the miR‐27a‐3p–PPAR‐γ interaction affects sevoflurane‐induced neurotoxicity. A luciferase reporter assay was employed to identify the interaction between miR‐27a‐3p and PPAR‐γ. Primary hippocampal neuron cultures prepared from embryonic day 0 C57BL/6 mice were treated with miR‐27a‐3p inhibitor or a PPAR‐γ agonist to determine the effect of miR‐27a‐3p and PPAR‐γ on sevoflurane‐induced cellular damage. Cellular damage was assessed by a flow cytometry assay to detect apoptotic cells, immunofluorescence to detect reactive oxygen species, western blotting to detect NADPH oxidase 1/4 and ELISA to measure inflammatory cytokine levels. In vivo experiments were performed using a sevoflurane‐induced anaesthetic mouse model to analyse the effects of miR‐27a‐3p on neurotoxicity by measuring the number of apoptotic neurons using the Terminal‐deoxynucleoitidyl Transferase Mediated Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) method and learning and memory function by employing the Morris water maze test. Our results revealed that PPAR‐γ expression was down‐regulated by miR‐27a‐3p following sevoflurane treatment in hippocampal neurons. Down‐regulation of miR‐27a‐3p expression decreased sevoflurane‐induced hippocampal neuron apoptosis by decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress‐related protein expression through the up‐regulation of PPAR‐γ. In vivo tests further confirmed that inhibition of miR‐27a‐3p expression attenuated sevoflurane‐induced neuronal apoptosis and learning and memory impairment. Our findings suggest that down‐regulation of miR‐27a‐3p expression ameliorated sevoflurane‐induced neurotoxicity and learning and memory impairment through the PPAR‐γ signalling pathway. MicroRNA‐27a‐3p may, therefore, be a potential therapeutic target for preventing or treating sevoflurane‐induced neurotoxicity.
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Grief reactions of couples to perinatal loss: A one‐year prospective follow‐up
Authors: Tseng Ying‐Fen , Cheng Hsiu‐Rong , Chen Yu‐Ping , Yang Shu‐Fei , Cheng Pi‐Tzu 
Published: September 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore couples’ perceptions of the effects of perinatal loss on their marital relationship, social support and grief 1 year postloss, and analyse what factors changed the severity of their grief.BackgroundPerinatal losses are traumatic events in the lives of families and can have serious long‐term consequences for the psychological health of parents and any subsequent children.DesignA prospective follow‐up study.MethodsWe recruited, at a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan, a convenience sample of 30 couples whose babies either miscarried or were stillborn. At 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3) and 1 year (T4) after the pregnancy loss, all participants completed four questionnaires. To analyse the changing status of their grief and its related factors, we used a generalised estimating equation (GEE) to account for correlations between repeated observations.ResultsPostbereavement grief levels fell over the four time‐points. Mothers reported feeling more grief than did the fathers. Couples with a history of infertility, no religious beliefs or no living children before the loss felt more grief from a perinatal miscarriage or stillbirth. Furthermore, couples reported more grief if their marital satisfaction level was low, if their socioemotional support from husband's parents was low or if they had never participated in a ritual for their deceased baby.ConclusionsSix months postloss is the crucial period for bereaved parents after a perinatal loss. Being a mother, having no previous living children and low‐level socioemotional support from the husband's parents are significant high‐risk factors for a high level of grief 1 year after perinatal death.Relevance to clinical practiceWe recommend that health professionals increase their ability to identify the factors that psychologically affect postloss grief. Active postloss follow‐up programmes should focus on these factors to offer specific support and counselling.
Hospital passports, patient safety and person‐centred care: A review of documents currently used for people with intellectual disabilities in theUK
Authors: Northway Ruth , Rees Stacey , Davies Michelle , Williams Sharon 
Published: September 2017

Aims and objectivesTo review hospital passports currently in use for people with intellectual disabilities in theUKand to make recommendations for practice.BackgroundHospital passports have been introduced internationally to address communication barriers that may limit access to appropriate health care for people with intellectual disabilities. They are viewed as promoting patient safety and person‐centred care but their format may vary, they are not always used appropriately, and hence, their effectiveness may be limited.DesignQualitative content analysis.MethodsSixty hospital passports in use in theUKwere reviewed against a coding frame by two members of the research team. Areas of interest included key patient and primary care information, support network details, consent and capacity, support required in relation to activities of daily living, length of the document and completion details. Results were entered into Excel.ResultsConsiderable variation was found between documents in terms of terminology, length and format. Most included information regarding communication and support needs although some omitted important information such as allergies, risk assessment and need for reasonable adjustments.ConclusionsConsiderable variation exists between current hospital passports, which may limit their effectiveness: key information required may not be included and/or it may not be easy to locate. Greater standardisation of documents is required, but this process should include input from all key stakeholders.Relevance to clinical practiceInternationally nurses provide care for people with intellectual disabilities and others with communication difficulties. Hospital passports are one way of enhancing safety and person‐centred care, need to be accessed and used as a basis for care planning. However, variation in format may limit this effectiveness and nurses should work with others to develop a more standardised approach, which better meets the needs of all stakeholders.
Compromise, massive encouragement and forcing: a discussion of mechanisms used to limit the choices available to the older adult in hospital
Authors: DRAPER PETER 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARY
This paper gives a partial account of the findings of a qualitative research project concerning the quality of life of older people in nursing homes and hospital wards.
Using strategies of ethnographic interview and hermeneutical analysis, 14 older people and 11 nurses were asked to discuss issues relating to the quality of life. Nursing staff said that older people should be treated as individuals. In practice, this meant that they should be given freedom of choice in matters concerning the conduct of their daily lives. Paradoxically, some nurses were also prepared to describe a range of tactics by which they deny older people choice in various circumstances. These tactics are (i) coming to a compromise; (ii) massive encouragement; and (iii) forcing. The ways in which the staff justify these tactics are examined and evaluated.
Growth, Survival, and Whole‐body Proximate and Fatty Acid Composition of Haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus L., Postlarvae Fed a Practical Microparticulate Weaning Diet
Authors: Lall Santosh P. , Lewis‐McCrea Leah M. , Tibbetts Sean M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFurther development of high‐quality feeds for hatchery‐reared haddock in the North Atlantic would benefit from a standard formulation that can be used as a reference for hatcheries and laboratory studies. A practical microparticulate diet (PMD) developed and evaluated with newly metamorphosed juvenile haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus L., postlarvae is proposed. Survival of fish fed PMD was just as high (88–89%; P > 0.05) as those fed a high‐quality imported feed (Biokyowa). Alternatively, fish fed PMD had higher (P < 0.05) final fork lengths (39.5 vs. 35.1 mm), wet weights (851.3 vs. 580.2 mg) and weight gains (1637.2 vs. 1115.7%). No differences (P > 0.05) in whole‐body moisture (846–857 g/kg), ash (17–18 g/kg), or protein (101 g/kg) contents were found. Lipid content of fish fed PMD (26 g/kg) was higher (P < 0.05) than those fed Biokyowa (21 g/kg) despite PMD containing 15 g/kg lower dietary lipid, suggesting higher intake and/or lipid retention. The PMD formulation proved to be a highly suitable weaning diet for haddock postlarvae based on high feed acceptance, survival, and fish growth. Given the economic and logistical difficulties associated with importing commercial weaning feeds, this easily produced practical weaning diet has good potential for use by laboratory researchers and farm managers for hatchery‐based nutrition research with haddock postlarvae.
Creation is Incarnation: The Metaphysical Peculiarity of the Logoi in Maximus Confessor
Authors: Wood Jordan Daniel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMaximian logoi or the “principles” of created being are often virtually identified with Platonic ideas or forms. This assumption obscures what is distinctive about Maximus's concept of the logoi. I first note two metaphysical peculiarities of his doctrine, and then propose that these only make sense if we follow Maximus's own directive to read the logoi through Christology proper – that is, as describing creation as the Word's cosmic Incarnation. This suggests, in creative tension with a good deal of twentieth‐century philosophical theology, that the God‐world relation is not fully exhausted by the analogia entis: Maximus divines a still deeper hypostatic (not natural) identity between Word and world that actually generates natural difference – for perhaps the first and only time in the history of Christian thought. Here I assay a first step toward retrieving that relation.
Improved fruit α‐tocopherol, carotenoid, squalene and phytosterol contents through manipulation of Brassica juncea 3‐HYDROXY‐3‐METHYLGLUTARYL‐COA SYNTHASE1 in transgenic tomato
Authors: Liao Pan , Chen Xinjian , Wang Mingfu , Bach Thomas J. , Chye Mee‐Len 
Published: September 2017

Summary3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A synthase (HMGS) in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway generates isoprenoids including phytosterols. Dietary phytosterols are important because they can lower blood cholesterol levels. Previously, the overexpression of Brassica juncea wild‐type (wt) and mutant (S359A) BjHMGS1 in Arabidopsis up‐regulated several genes in sterol biosynthesis and increased sterol content. Recombinant S359A had earlier displayed a 10‐fold higher in vitro enzyme activity. Furthermore, tobacco HMGS overexpressors (OEs) exhibited improved sterol content, plant growth and seed yield. Increased growth and seed yield in tobacco OE‐S359A over OE‐wtBjHMGS1 coincided with elevations in NtSQS expression and sterol content. Herein, the overexpression of wt and mutant (S359A) BjHMGS1 in a crop plant, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), caused an accumulation of MVA‐derived squalene and phytosterols, as well as methylerythritol phosphate (MEP)‐derived α‐tocopherol (vitamin E) and carotenoids, which are important to human health as antioxidants. In tomato HMGS‐OE seedlings, genes associated with the biosyntheses of C10, C15 and C20 universal precursors of isoprenoids, phytosterols, brassinosteroids, dolichols, methylerythritol phosphate, carotenoid and vitamin E were up‐regulated. In OE‐S359A tomato fruits, increased squalene and phytosterol contents over OE‐wtBjHMGS1 were attributed to heightened SlHMGR2, SlFPS1, SlSQS and SlCYP710A11 expression. In both tomato OE‐wtBjHMGS1 and OE‐S359A fruits, the up‐regulation of SlGPS and SlGGPPS1 in the MEP pathway that led to α‐tocopherol and carotenoid accumulation indicated cross‐talk between the MVA and MEP pathways. Taken together, the manipulation of BjHMGS1 represents a promising strategy to simultaneously elevate health‐promoting squalene, phytosterols, α‐tocopherol and carotenoids in tomato, an edible fruit.
Theoretical Study on the Substituent Effect on the Excited‐State Proton Transfer in the 7‐Azaindole‐Water Derivatives
Authors: Yi Jiacheng , Fang Hua 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe first excited‐state proton transfer (ESPT) in 7AI‐H2O complex and its derivatives, in which the hydrogen atom at the C2 position in pyrrole ring was replaced by halogen atom X (X = F, Cl, Br), were studied at the TD‐M06‐2X/6‐31 + G(d, p) level. The double proton transfer took place in a concerted but asynchronous protolysis pathway. The vibrational‐mode selectivity of excited‐state double proton transfer in the model system was confirmed. The specific vibrational‐mode could shorten the reaction path and accelerate the reaction rate. The substituent effects on the excited‐state proton transfer process were discussed. When the H atom at C2 position in 7AI‐H2O complex was replaced by halogen atom, some geometrical parameters changed obviously, the barrier height of ESDPT reduced, and the asynchronicity of proton transfer enlarged. The above changes correlated with the Pauling electronegativity of halogen atom.
Inoculation of Malus genotypes with a set of Erwinia amylovora strains indicates a gene‐for‐gene relationship between the effector gene eop1 and both Malus floribunda 821 and Malus ‘Evereste’
Authors: Wöhner T.W. , Richter K. , Sundin G. W. , Zhao Y. , Stockwell V. O. , Sellmann J. , Flachowsky H. , Hanke M.‐V. , Peil A. 
Published: September 2017

The Gram‐negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora, causal agent of fire blight disease in pome fruit trees, encodes a type three secretion system (T3SS) that translocates effector proteins into plant cells that collectively function to suppress host defences and enable pathogenesis. Until now, there has only been limited knowledge about the interaction of effector proteins and host resistance presented in several wild Malus species. This study tested disease responses in several Malus wild species with a set of effector deletion mutant strains and several highly virulent E. amylovora strains, which are assumed to influence the host resistance response of fire blight‐resistant Malus species. The findings confirm earlier studies that deletion of the T3SS abolished virulence of the pathogen. Furthermore, a new gene‐for‐gene relationship was established between the effector protein Eop1 and the fire blight resistant ornamental apple cultivar Evereste and the wild species Malus floribunda 821. The results presented here provide new insights into the host–pathogen interactions between Malus sp. and E. amylovora.
The Effect of Vaccination Against Human Papillomavirus on Fecundability
Authors: McInerney Kathryn A. , Hatch Elizabeth E. , Wesselink Amelia K. , Mikkelsen Ellen M. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Perkins Rebecca B. , Wise Lauren A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was developed to prevent infection with strains of HPV that cause cervical cancer. While HPV infection has been associated with reduced semen quality and lower pregnancy rates in some studies, no studies have examined the relationship between HPV vaccination and fecundability. We hypothesize that HPV prevention via vaccination will protect fecundity.MethodsWe analysed data from Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO), a preconception cohort of North American pregnancy planners. Between 2013 and 2017, we followed 3483 female pregnancy planners and 1022 of their male partners for 12 months or until reported pregnancy, whichever came first. At baseline, participants reported whether they had been vaccinated against HPV and their age at vaccination. We estimated fecundability ratios (FR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using proportional probabilities models adjusted for sociodemographics, smoking, and abnormal Pap test before HPV vaccination (females only).ResultsHPV vaccination was more prevalent among females (33.9%) than males (5.2%). There was little overall association between female vaccination (FR 0.98, 95% CI 0.90, 1.08) or male vaccination (FR 1.07, 95% CI 0.79, 1.46) and fecundability. Among females with a history of sexually transmitted infections or pelvic inflammatory disease (i.e. a group at high risk of exposure to HPV infection), those vaccinated against HPV had higher fecundability than those not vaccinated (FR 1.35, 95% CI 0.99, 1.86).ConclusionAlthough HPV vaccination had little effect on fecundability overall, HPV vaccination was positively associated with fecundability among women with a history of sexually transmitted infections.
Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Ostreopsis cf. ovata and O. lenticularis (Dinophyceae) from Hainan Island, South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Hua , Lu Songhui , Li Yang , Cen Jingyi , Wang Hualong , Li Qun , Nie Xiangping 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThe genus Ostreopsis contains benthic and potentially toxic species that are distributed in tropical and temperate regions. In this study, we present the first report of observations of Ostreopsis cf. ovata and O. lenticularis in Chinese waters. Isolates were characterized morphologically based on LM and SEM, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted by sequencing the LSU rDNA (D1–D3), ITS region (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2) and SSU rDNA. The morphology of O. cf. ovata Hainan strains was similar to the original description of O. ovata, despite differences in cell size. The morphology of O. lenticularis Hainan strains was similar to the original description, although both deviations of cell dimensions and different kinds of thecal pores were observed. The plate formula for the Ostreopsis Hainan strains was arranged in Kofoid's system tabulation of Po, 3′, 7′′, Vp, Rp, 1p, 5′′′, 2′′′′. The O. cf. ovata and O. lenticularis Hainan strains showed close relationships with strains collected from the Pacific Ocean based on the sequences of both LSU rDNA and ITS region. The genetic differences (p‐distances) of SSU rDNA sequences of the Ostreopsis cf. ovata Hainan strain were 0.0096 and 0.0447 different from those of a Malaysian strain and a South Korean strain, respectively. This work identifies the first occurrence of Ostreopsis with the morphology and phylogeny of Hainan strains in Chinese waters.