bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional entrepreneurship and organisational learning: financial stability policy design in Turkey
Authors: Yağcı Mustafa 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), ‘financial stability’ emerged as one of the key pillars of economic policy-making and as a new mandate for central banks. In spite of the acceptance and prominence of financial stability goal, we know very little about the mechanisms of institutional change and the role of institutional entrepreneurship in particular, to pursue financial stability objective in national contexts. This study investigates the active financial stability pursuit of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) following the GFC and argues that institutional entrepreneurship of CBRT as an organisation and the governor of CBRT as an individual paved the way for active financial stability pursuit and resulting institutional and policy changes in Turkey by accomplishing ‘organisational learning’ at the CBRT. Governor of CBRT also played a key role as an institutional entrepreneur by gaining Turkish Treasury’s political support in design of unconventional monetary policy measures for financial stability objective. Utilising institutional theory, organisation theory, and public policy literature, this study offers an interdisciplinary, agency based and process-oriented analysis to the study of the political economy of central banking in the aftermath of GFC and sheds light on the questions of why and how central banks take specific policy decisions from a micro-level analysis.
Translating ideas into action: Brazilian studies of the role of the policy entrepreneur in the public policy process
Authors: Brasil Felipe Gonçalves , Capella Ana Cláudia Niedhardt 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Over the past decades, research on policy formulation, especially research on agenda-setting, has demonstrated that the actions of individuals (or groups) labelled ‘policy entrepreneurs’ constitute a central aspect of the public policy process. Agenda-setting theoretical models (John Kingdon’s multiple streams model and Baumgartner and Jones’s punctuated equilibrium theory) view those actors from different perspectives, stressing different features of their role in the policy process. Both models consider the policy entrepreneur an essential actor in their explanations of policy maintenance or change. In Brazil, although the study of public policy has experienced periods of strong expansion during the past decades, there is still a lack of detailed data on the application of such models and the role of policy entrepreneurs in such analyses. This paper aims to present and discuss the centrality of policy entrepreneurs in agenda-setting models by analysing this important actor and the limits and contributions of this conceptualization for understanding the policy process. In addition, this research analyses the central role of the policy entrepreneur and presents empirical findings of Brazilian policy studies, thus highlighting implications regarding the concept for these three theoretical approaches.
Anharmonic, dimensionality and size effects in phonon transport
Authors: Thomas Iorwerth O , Srivastava G P 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We have developed and employed a numerically efficient semi- ab initio theory, based on density-functional and relaxation-time schemes, to examine anharmonic, dimensionality and size effects in phonon transport in three- and two-dimensional solids of different crystal symmetries. Our method uses third- and fourth-order terms in crystal Hamiltonian expressed in terms of a temperature-dependent Grüneisen’s constant. All input to numerical calculations are generated from phonon calculations based on the density-functional perturbation theory. It is found that four-phonon processes make important and measurable contribution to lattice thermal resistivity above the Debye temperature. From our numerical results for bulk Si, bulk Ge, bulk MoS2 and monolayer MoS2 we find that the sample length dependence of phonon conductivity is significantly stronger in low-dimensional solids.
Village Political Economy, Land Tenure Insecurity, and the Rural to Urban Migration Decision: Evidence from China
Authors: Giles John , Mu Ren 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article investigates the impact of land tenure insecurity on the migration decisions of China's rural residents from 1995 to 2003. The article appeals to a simple model to frame the relationship between migration and the probability that a reallocation of land in the village will occur in the following year. Empirically, the article first demonstrates that a village leader's support for an administrative land reallocation carries with it the risk of losing a future election. Exploiting election timing and village heterogeneity in lineage group composition, the article identifies the effect of reallocation risk on migration decisions. In response to an expected land reallocation in the following year, the probability that a rural resident migrates out of the county declines by 2.4 percentage points, which accounts for 15% of the annual share of village residents, aged 16 to 50, who worked as migrants during the period. This finding underscores the potential importance of secure property rights for facilitating labor market integration and the movement of labor out of agriculture.
Clinical leadership in paramedic services: a narrative synthesis
Authors: O’Meara Peter , Wingrove Gary , Nolan Michael 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
In North America, delegated practice “medical direction” models are often used as a proxy for clinical quality and safety in paramedic services. Other developed countries favor a combination of professional regulatory boards and clinical governance frameworks that feature paramedics taking lead clinician roles. The purpose of this paper is to bring together the evidence for medical direction and clinical governance in paramedic services through the prism of paramedic self-regulation.

Design/methodology/approach
This narrative synthesis critically examines the long-established North American Emergency Medical Services medical direction model and makes some comparisons with the UK inspired clinical governance approaches that are used to monitor and manage the quality and safety in several other Anglo-American paramedic services. The databases searched were CINAHL and Medline, with Google Scholar used to capture further publications.

Findings
Synthesis of the peer-reviewed literature found little high quality evidence supporting the effectiveness of medical direction. The literature on clinical governance within paramedic services described a systems approach with shared responsibility for quality and safety. Contemporary paramedic clinical leadership papers in developed countries focus on paramedic professionalization and the self-regulation of paramedics.

Originality/value
The lack of strong evidence supporting medical direction of the paramedic profession in developed countries challenges the North American model of paramedics practicing as a companion profession to medicine under delegated practice model. This model is inconsistent with the international vision of paramedicine as an autonomous, self-regulated health profession.
Identifying the major reversals of the BIST-30 index by extreme outliers
Authors: Erol Ümit 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show that major reversals of an index (specifically BIST-30 index) can be detected uniquely on the date of reversal by checking the extreme outliers in the rate of change series using daily closing prices.

Design/methodology/approach
The extreme outliers are determined by checking if either the rate of change series or the volatility of the rate of change series displays more than two standard deviations on the date of reversal. Furthermore; wavelet analysis is also utilized for this purpose by checking the extreme outlier characteristics of the A1 (approximation level 1) and D3 (detail level 3) wavelet components.

Findings
Paper investigates ten major reversals of BIST-30 index during a five year period. It conclusively shows that all these major reversals are characterized by extreme outliers mentioned above. The paper also checks if these major reversals are unique in the sense of being observed only on the date of reversal but not before. The empirical results confirm the uniqueness. The paper also demonstrates empirically the fact that extreme outliers are associated only with major reversals but not minor ones.

Practical implications
The results are important for fund managers for whom the timely identification of the initial phase of a major bullish or bearish trend is crucial. Such timely identification of the major reversals is also important for the hedging applications since a major issue in the practical implementation of the stock index futures as a hedging instrument is the correct timing of derivatives positions.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’ knowledge; this is the first study dealing with the issue of major reversal identification. This is evidently so for the BIST-30 index and the use of extreme outliers for this purpose is also a novelty in the sense that neither the use of rate of change extremity nor the use of wavelet decomposition for this purpose was addressed before in the international literature.
The novel language‐systematic aphasia screening SAPS: screening‐based therapy in combination with computerised home training
Authors: Krzok Franziska , Rieger Verena , Niemann Katharina , Nobis‐Bosch Ruth , Radermacher Irmgard , Huber Walter , Willmes Klaus , Abel Stefanie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundSAPS—‘Sprachsystematisches Aphasiescreening’—is a novel language‐systematic aphasia screening developed for the German language, which already had been positively evaluated. It offers a fast assessment of modality‐specific psycholinguistic components at different levels of complexity and the derivation of impairment‐based treatment foci from the individual performance profile. However, SAPS has not yet been evaluated in combination with the new SAPS‐based treatment.AimsTo replicate the practicality of SAPS and to investigate the effectiveness of a SAPS‐based face‐to‐face therapy combined with computerised home training in a feasibility study. To examine the soundness of the treatment design, to determine treatment‐induced changes in patient performance as measured by SAPS, to assess parallel changes in communicative abilities, and to differentiate therapy effects achieved by face‐to‐face therapy versus add‐on effects achieved by later home training.Methods & ProceduresSixteen participants with post‐stroke aphasia (PWAs) were included into the study. They were administered the SAPS and communicative testing before and after the treatment regimen. Each PWA received one therapy session followed by home training per day, with the individual treatment foci being determined according to initial SAPS profile, and duration of treatment and possible change of focus dependent on performance assessed by continuous therapy monitoring.Outcomes & ResultsThe combination of therapy and home training based on the SAPS was effective for all participants. We showed significant improvements for impairment‐based SAPS performance and, with high inter‐individual variability, in everyday communication. These two main targets of speech and language therapy were correlated and SAPS improvements after therapy were significantly higher than after home training.Conclusions & ImplicationsSAPS offers the assessment of an individual performance profile in order to derive sufficiently diversified, well‐founded and specific treatment foci and to follow up changes in performance. The appending treatment regimen has shown to be effective for our participants. Thus, the study revealed feasibility of our approach.
Evaluation of first‐line bismuth‐containing 7‐day concomitant quintuple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Ye Jian Fang , Hong Jun Bo , Zhu Yin , Xie Yong , Shu Xu , Luo Ling Yu , Xie Chuan , Zhu Zhen Hua , Lu Nong Hua 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVEHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is difficult to cure, mainly due to antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of 7‐day bismuth‐containing concomitant quintuple regimen for H. pylori eradication.METHODSConducted from August 2015 to February 2016 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, this prospective trial enrolled 70 untreated patients who were positive for H. pylori. The patients received 7‐day quintuple therapy consisting of bismuth subcitrate 220 mg, esomeprazole 20 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg, amoxicillin 1 g and metronidazole 400 mg, each was given twice daily. All patients underwent a 13C‐urea breath test at 4 weeks after treatment.RESULTSA total of 70 patients at a mean age of 43.5 years, including 36 men, were included in this trial. One person who violated the protocol was further excluded. The treatment compliance rate was 99.6%. The overall eradication rates of the 7‐day bismuth‐containing concomitant quintuple therapy were 75.4% (intention‐to‐treat analysis) and 86.7% (per‐protocol analysis). The prevalence of side effects was 31.9%, including a bitter taste (23.2%), nausea (4.3%), dizziness (2.9%), diarrhea (2.9%), limb asthenia (2.9%), skin rash (1.4%), numbness of the tip of the tongue (1.4%) and insomnia (1.4%).CONCLUSIONSThe 7‐day bismuth‐containing concomitant quintuple therapy may not be superior to traditionally widely accepted therapy due to its lack of acceptable efficacy and high rate of side effects.
ednaoccupancy: An r package for multiscale occupancy modelling of environmental DNA data
Authors: Dorazio Robert M. , Erickson Richard A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this article, we describe ednaoccupancy, an r package for fitting Bayesian, multiscale occupancy models. These models are appropriate for occupancy surveys that include three nested levels of sampling: primary sample units within a study area, secondary sample units collected from each primary unit and replicates of each secondary sample unit. This design is commonly used in occupancy surveys of environmental DNA (eDNA). ednaoccupancy allows users to specify and fit multiscale occupancy models with or without covariates, to estimate posterior summaries of occurrence and detection probabilities, and to compare different models using Bayesian model‐selection criteria. We illustrate these features by analysing two published data sets: eDNA surveys of a fungal pathogen of amphibians and eDNA surveys of an endangered fish species.
Histological evolution from primary lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutation to high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Jikai , Shao Jinchen , Zhao Ruiying , Li Rong , Yu Keke , Zhu Lei , Zhang Jie 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundAlthough patients with EGFR mutated lung adenocarcinoma benefit greatly from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), they inevitably develop acquired resistance after an average of 10–14 months of continuous treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical and histopathological data of eight patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutations that transformed into high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinoma after TKI therapy. Morphology scanning for neuroendocrine differentiation and immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers CD56, chromogranin, and synaptophysin were performed on primary adenocarcinoma tissues and repeated biopsies. Mutations of EGFR exons 19–21 were reexamined using the amplification refractory mutation system.ResultsThe carcinoma in seven patients transformed to small cell lung carcinoma; two of these patients enrolled in theAZD9291 study after acquiring a T790M missense mutation. The carcinoma in one patient transformed to large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. None of the eight primary tumors exhibited neuroendocrine morphologic features and only one surgical specimen displayed a weak stain for neuroendocrine marker synaptophysin. Drug resistant high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinomas retained their initial activating EGFR mutations.ConclusionsLung adenocarcinoma in eight patients transformed into high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinoma and retained the original activating EGFR mutations after targeted therapy by TKIs. Furthermore, the prognosis of the transformed carcinoma was worse than the original primary genetic and morphologic type.
Modelling temperature‐dependent development rate and phenology in arthropods: The devRate package for r
Authors: Rebaudo François , Struelens Quentin , Dangles Olivier 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Thermal biologists are interested in generating paired data on development rates and temperatures, but they are in need of automated tools to accurately analyse this data.

Fed with a database of more than 30 existing development models, the devRate package provides tools for plotting and visualizing data, selecting the most appropriate model, and mapping and forecasting ectotherm phenology using temperature time‐series data. Most proposed models are for arthropods, mainly insects (e.g. Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera).

This paper presents the main functions of the package and provides an example using an empirical dataset.

The devRate package provides investigators with a unique set of tools and a database that allows them to fit development rate models, and to compare arthropod response to temperature.
Ketone body 3‐hydroxybutyrate mimics calorie restriction via the Nrf2 activator, fumarate, in the retina
Authors: Izuta Yusuke , Imada Toshihiro , Hisamura Ryuji , Oonishi Erina , Nakamura Shigeru , Inagaki Emi , Ito Masataka , Soga Tomoyoshi , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: November 2017

SummaryCalorie restriction (CR) being the most robust dietary intervention provides various health benefits. D‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (3HB), a major physiological ketone, has been proposed as an important endogenous molecule for CR. To investigate the role of 3HB in CR, we investigated potential shared mechanisms underlying increased retinal 3HB induced by CR and exogenously applied 3HB without CR to protect against ischemic retinal degeneration. The repeated elevation of retinal 3HB, with or without CR, suppressed retinal degeneration. Metabolomic analysis showed that the antioxidant pentose phosphate pathway and its limiting enzyme, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), were concomitantly preserved. Importantly, the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), a regulator of G6PD, and elevation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle's Nrf2 activator, fumarate, were also shared. Together, our findings suggest that CR provides retinal antioxidative defense by 3HB through the antioxidant Nrf2 pathway via modification of a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate during 3HB metabolism.
Determination of MoCA Cutoff Score in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Ewert Valérie , Pelletier Stéphanie , Alarcon Régis , Nalpas Bertrand , Donnadieu‐Rigole Hélène , Trouillet Raphaël , Perney Pascal 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score is a convenient and promising tool for estimating alcoholic patients’ global cognitive functioning, a major challenge for all specialized alcohol treatment centers. However, whether or not the score should be corrected for education level and whether the proposed cutoff is relevant in patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD) should be determined.MethodsWe compared the MoCA scores in patients hospitalized for AUD with and without cognitive impairment assessed by a battery of neuropsychological (NP) tests. Sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff of the MoCA score were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsThirty‐one patients with and 25 without cognitive impairment were included in the study. There were 40 men and 16 women, with a mean age of 49.5 years. The mean uncorrected MoCA score was 23.1 ± 3.3 in those with and 27.0 ± 1.9 in those without cognitive impairment. NP tests were significantly correlated with the MoCA score. Uncorrected MoCA scores identified more than 80% of the patients with a cutoff score equal to 26, to obtain similar accuracy with the corrected score required using a cutoff score equal to 27.ConclusionsOur results confirm that the MoCA test is a convenient and reliable screening tool to measure cognition defects in alcoholic patients. As using the 1‐point education adjustment increases the cutoff score by 1 point, it is suggested to use the noncorrected score and the usual cutoff, that is, 26. Being easy to administer and only moderately time‐consuming, the MoCA score should be used extensively in addiction treatment centers.
Intersexual segregation in foraging microhabitat use by Magellanic Woodpeckers (Campephilus magellanicus): Seasonal and habitat effects at the world's southernmost forests
Authors: Duron Quiterie , Jiménez Jaime E. , Vergara Pablo M. , Soto Gerardo E. , Lizama Marlene , Rozzi Ricardo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAnimals facing seasonal food shortage and habitat degradation may adjust their foraging behaviour to reduce intraspecific competition. In the harsh environment of the world's southernmost forests in the Magellanic sub‐Antarctic ecoregion in Chile, we studied intersexual foraging differences in the largest South American woodpecker species, the Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus). We assessed whether niche overlap between males and females decrease when food resources are less abundant or accessible, that is, during winter and in secondary forests, compared to summer and in old‐growth forests, respectively. We analysed 421 foraging microhabitat observations from six males and six females during 2011 and 2012. As predicted, the amount of niche overlap between males and females decreased during winter, when provisioning is more difficult. During winter, males and females (i) used trees with different diameter at breast height (DBH); (ii) fed in trunk sections with different diameters; and (iii) fed at different heights on tree trunks or branches. Vertical niche partitioning between sexes was found in both old‐growth and secondary forests. Such a niche partitioning during winter may be a seasonal strategy to avoid competition between sexes when prey resources are less abundant or accessible. Our results suggest that the conservation of this forest specialist, dimorphic and charismatic woodpecker species requires considering differences in habitat use between males and females.