bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended drill‐down operator: Digging into the structure of performance indicators
Authors: Diamantini Claudia , Potena Domenico , Storti Emanuele 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPerformance measurement is the subject of interdisciplinary research on information systems, organizational modeling and decision support systems. The data cube model is usually adopted to represent performance indicators (PI) and enable flexible analysis, visualization and reporting. However, the major obstacles against effective design and management of PI monitoring systems are related to the facts that PIs are complex objects with an aggregate/compound nature. This often leads to unawareness of indicator semantics as well as of dependencies among indicators. In this work, we propose to enrich the data cube model with the formal description of the structure of an indicator given in terms of its algebraic formula and aggregation function. Such a model enables the definition of a novel operator, namely indicator drill‐down, which relies on formula manipulation functionalities and reasoning. Like the usual drill‐down, this operator increases the detail of a measure of the data cube by expanding an indicator into its components. Thus, the two notions of drill‐down are integrated, allowing a novel way of data exploration. As a proof‐of‐concept, an implementation of the approach is presented. The evaluation of the implementation on real and synthetic scenarios enlightens the effectiveness and the efficiency of the approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
End Capping Alters the Structural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Transthyretin (105–115) Amyloid Protofibrils
Authors: Lee Myeongsang , Na Sungsoo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPathological amyloid proteins are associated with degenerative and neurodegenerative diseases. These amyloid proteins develop as oligomer, fibrillar, and plaque forms, due to the denatured and unstable status of the amyloid monomers. Specifically, the development of fibrillar amyloid proteins has been investigated through several experimental studies. To understand the generation of amyloid fibrils, environmental factors such as point mutations, pH, and polymorphic characteristics have been considered. Recently, amyloid fibril studies related to end‐capping effects have been conducted to understand amyloid fibril development. However, atomic‐level studies to determine the stability and mechanical properties of amyloid fibrils based on end capping have not been undertaken. In this study, we show that end capping alters the structural characteristics and conformations of transthyretin (TTR) amyloid fibrils by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Variation in the structural conformations and characteristics of the TTR fibrils through end capping are observed, due to the resulting electrostatic energies and hydrophobicity characteristics. Moreover, the end capping changes the mechanical properties of TTR fibrils. Our results shed light on amyloid fibril formation under end‐capping conditions.
Noble‐Metal‐Free Molybdenum Disulfide Cocatalyst for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yuan Yong‐Jun , Lu Hong‐Wei , Yu Zhen‐Tao , Zou Zhi‐Gang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPhotocatalytic water splitting using powered semiconductors as photocatalysts represents a promising strategy for clean, low‐cost, and environmentally friendly production of H2 utilizing solar energy. The loading of noble‐metal cocatalysts on semiconductors can significantly enhance the solar‐to‐H2 conversion efficiency. However, the high cost and scarcity of noble metals counter their extensive utilization. Therefore, the use of alternative cocatalysts based on non‐precious metal materials is pursued. Nanosized MoS2 cocatalysts have attracted considerable attention in the last decade as a viable alternative to improve solar‐to‐H2 conversion efficiency because of its superb catalytic activity, excellent stability, low cost, availability, environmental friendliness, and chemical inertness. In this perspective, the design, structures, synthesis, and application of MoS2‐based composite photocatalysts for solar H2 generation are summarized, compared, and discussed. Finally, this Review concludes with a summary and remarks on some challenges and opportunities for the future development of MoS2‐based photocatalysts.
A reduced reference spur multiplying delay‐locked loop
Authors: Wang Xin Jie , Kwasniewski Tadeusz 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis letter presents a reduced reference spur multiplying delay‐locked loop (MDLL). The static phase offset (SPO) between the reference edge and its counterpart of MDLL output is the dominant mechanism causing reference spur in the spectrum of MDLL output. SPO is mainly caused by the non‐idealities on charge pump (e.g., sink and source current mismatch) and control line (e.g., gate leakage of loop filter and voltage‐controlled delay line control circuit). With a high‐gain stage inserting between phase detector/phase frequency detector and charge pump, the equivalent SPO has been decreased by a factor equal to the gain of the gain stage. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, an MDLL is implemented in TSMC CMOS 0.18 µm process. The simulation result shows that −60.1 dBc reference spur was achieved at center frequency of 1.8 GHz. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sp8 expression in putative neural progenitor cells in guinea pig and human cerebrum
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Mei , Cai Yan , Wang Fang , Wu Jun , Mo Lin , Zhang Feng , Patrylo Peter R. , Pan Aihua , Ma Chao , Fu Jin , Yan Xiao‐Xin 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTNeural stem/progenitor cells have been characterized at neurogenic sites in adult mammalian brain with various molecular markers. Here it has been demonstrated that Sp8, a transcription factor typically expressed among mature GABAergic interneurons, also labels putative neural precursors in adult guinea pig and human cerebrum. In guinea pigs, Sp8 immunoreactive (Sp8+) cells were localized largely in the superficial layers of the cortex including layer I, as well as the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ). Sp8+ cells at the SGZ showed little colocalization with mature and immature neuronal markers, but co‐expressed neural stem cell markers including Sox2. Some layer I Sp8+ cells also co‐expressed Sox2. The amount of Sp8+ cells in the dentate gyrus was maintained 2 weeks after X‐ray irradiation, while that of doublecortin (DCX+) cells was greatly reduced. Mild ischemic insult caused a transient increase of Sp8+ cells in the SGZ and layer I, with the subgranular Sp8+ cells exhibited an increased colabeling for the mitotic marker Ki67 and pulse‐chased bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Sp8+ cells in the dentate gyrus showed an age‐related decline in guinea pigs, in parallel with the loss of DCX+ cells in the same region. In adult humans, Sp8+ cells exhibited comparable morphological features as seen in guinea pigs, with those at the SGZ and some in cortical layer I co‐expressed Sox2. Together, these results suggested that Sp8 may label putative neural progenitors in guinea pig and human cerebrum, with the labeled cells in the SGZ appeared largely not mitotically active under normal conditions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 939–955, 2016
Ferrocene‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes with Functionalised Benzyl Substituents
Authors: Thie Charlotte , Bruhn Clemens , Siemeling Ulrich 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Professor Ulrich Siemeling from the University of Kassel, Germany. The cover image shows the core of a metal complex containing a ferrocene‐based N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand with substituents that can be used to tune the lipophilicity, an important property in crossing biological membranes. In the background, the statue of Hercules symbolises the challenges of drug discovery.
Saturated branched fatty compounds: Proven industrial processes and new alternatives
Authors: Haßelberg Jennifer , Behr Arno 
Published: November 2015

This paper reviews properties and synthesis of saturated branched fatty compounds and their application. Especially industrially established processes based on the Guerbet reaction, Fatty acid isomerization, Oxo‐ and Koch synthesis will be presented. Also new laboratory methods will be discussed, e.g., the Lewis acid‐induced hydroalkylation of oleic acids. Recently, another new process has been developed and tested in miniplant scale, the homogeneously catalyzed co‐oligomerization of linoleic acid with ethylene. This process combines the co‐oligomerization step with the heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation and an additional extraction to recycle the catalyst.Practical applications: This review presents synthesis routes of saturated branched fatty compounds based on both, established processes in industry and recent research results on alternative routes. A new developed process on the co‐oligomerization of fatty acids or esters is highlighted as an alternative route to form saturated branched fatty compounds. Reformulation of mineral oil based lubricants for improved biodegradability in, e.g., high‐loss lubrication systems and high‐risk hydraulic systems is highly encouraged by the oleo industry. Therefore, chemical modification of vegetable oils is also interesting for recent research on biolubricants. In addition the paper reviews latest scientific papers and patents on already industrially established processes or synthesis routes, like the fatty acid isomerization, hydroformylation, and the formation of Guerbet alcohols or Neo acids. Covering the respective reactions this review combines interesting synthesis routes for both, oleo‐ and petrochemistry.Saturated branched fatty compounds can be synthesized from both, petro‐ and oleochemical feedstock. Respective industrial processes and new synthesis routes are reviewed. New modification methods of vegetable oils represent interesting alternatives for, e.g., the formation of biolubricants.
Hypervalent Iodine Promoted Regioselective Oxidative C–H Functionalization: Synthesis of N‐(Pyridin‐2‐yl)benzo[d]thi­azol‐2‐amines
Authors: Mariappan Arumugam , Rajaguru Kandasamy , Santharam Roja Somi , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Bhuvanesh Nattamai 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBiologically potent N‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐amines were conveniently synthesized from simple heteroaryl‐thioureas through an oxidative C–S bond formation strategy that employed phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) as the oxidant. This protocol features a metal‐free approach, a broad scope of substrates, short reaction times, and a simple product purification procedure.
Solvent and Temperature Effects on the Platinum‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of 1‐Naphthols
Authors: Maphoru Mabuatsela V. , Heveling Josef , Kesavan Pillai Sreejarani 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUsing H2O2 as the oxidant, 1‐naphthols with electron‐donating groups at the 2‐ and 4‐positions couple oxidatively over a carbon‐supported platinum catalyst to 3,3′‐substituted 1,1′‐binaphthalenylidene‐4,4′‐diones and 4,4′‐substituted 2,2′‐binaphthalenylidene‐1,1′‐diones, respectively. The binaphthalenyl diols are the intermediates. The selectivity to individual products is influenced by the reaction temperature (room temp. or reflux) and by the solvent used. Under reflux, complete conversions are obtained within 40 min. At room temp. high diol yields can be obtained, e.g. 96 % from 2‐methyl‐1‐naphthol in MeOH. Under reflux the reaction proceeds always further to the diones (at least to some extent), and THF is a promising solvent for the selective one‐pot two‐step oxidation of 1‐naphthols to the diones (e.g. 81 % from 4‐methoxy‐1‐naphthol). In most other solvents (reflux) naphthoquinones are observed as byproducts. In an attempt to optimize the yield of menadione, 30.5 % was obtained in boiling MeNO2.
Ductility‐dependent intensity measure that accounts for ground‐motion spectral shape and duration
Authors: Marafi Nasser A. , Berman Jeffrey W. , Eberhard Marc O. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe calculated nonlinear structural responses of a building can vary greatly, even if recorded ground motions are scaled to the same spectral acceleration at a building's fundamental period. To reduce the variation in structural response at a particular ground‐motion intensity, this paper proposes an intensity measure (IMcomb) that accounts for the combined effects of spectral acceleration, ground‐motion duration, and response spectrum shape. The intensity measure includes a new measure of spectral shape that integrates the spectrum over a period range that depends on the structure's ductility. The new IM is efficient, sufficient, scalable, transparent, and versatile. These features make it suitable for evaluating the intensities of measured and simulated ground motions.The efficiency and sufficiency of the new IM is demonstrated for the following: (i) elastic‐perfectly plastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) oscillators with a variety of ductility demands and periods; (ii) ductile and brittle deteriorating SDOF systems with a variety of periods; and (iii) collapse analysis for 30 previously designed frames. The efficiency is attributable to the inclusion of duration and to the ductility dependence of the spectral shape measure. For each of these systems, the transparency of the intensity measure made it possible to identify the sensitivity of structural response to the various characteristics of the ground motion. Spectral shape affected all structures, but in particular, ductile structures. Duration only affected structures with cyclic deterioration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The importance of accurately representing submerged vegetation morphology in the numerical prediction of complex river flow
Authors: Boothroyd Richard J. , Hardy Richard J. , Warburton Jeff , Marjoribanks Timothy I. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper reports a novel method for the incorporation of complex plant morphologies into a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, allowing the numerical prediction of flows around individual plants. The morphological complexity, which comprises the vertical and lateral distribution of individual branches and leaves is captured through terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and is maintained in the numerical prediction of flow fields. This is achieved where the post‐processed, voxelized plant representation is incorporated into a CFD scheme through a mass flux scaling algorithm (MFSA). Flow around Prunus laurocerasus has been modelled under foliated and defoliated states following the removal of leaves. The complex plant morphologies are shown to produce spatially heterogeneous downstream velocity fields, with velocity profiles that deviate significantly from the idealized inflected shape. Rapid transition between the high velocity free stream zone and the zone of reduced velocity in the plant wake indicate shearing of flow, with the point of reattachment extending up to seven plant lengths downstream. The presence of leaves significantly modifies the flow field response, with development of a second, more pronounced wake structure around the dense foliage. This approach provides a full flow numerical description of the pressure field, enabling the vegetative drag force to be quantified. For the example given here, drag force is an order of magnitude greater for the foliated state. The methodology outlined here demonstrates the importance of accurately representing complex plant morphology in hydraulic models, and allows drag forces and coefficients to be calculated for specific plant species. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioaccumulation of human pharmaceuticals in fish across habitats of a tidally influenced urban bayou
Authors: Du Bowen , Haddad Samuel P. , Luek Andreas , Scott W. Casan , Saari Gavin N. , Burket S. Rebekah , Breed Christopher S. , Kelly Martin , Broach Linda , Rasmussen Joseph B. , Chambliss C. Kevin , Brooks Bryan W. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Though pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern are increasingly observed in inland water bodies, the occurrence and bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals in estuaries and coastal ecosystems are poorly understood. In the present study, bioaccumulation of select pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern was examined in fish from Buffalo Bayou, a tidally influenced urban ecosystem that receives effluent from a major (∼200 million gallons per day) municipal wastewater treatment plant in Houston, Texas, USA. Using isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, various target analytes were observed in effluent, surface water, and multiple fish species. The trophic position of each species was determined using stable isotope analysis. Fish tissue levels of diphenhydramine, which represented the only pharmaceutical detected in all fish species, did not significantly differ between freshwater and marine fish predominantly inhabiting benthic habitats; however, saltwater fish with pelagic habitat preferences significantly accumulated diphenhydramine to the highest levels observed in the present study. Consistent with previous observations from an effluent-dependent freshwater river, diphenhydramine did not display trophic magnification, which suggests site-specific, pH-influenced inhalational uptake to a greater extent than dietary exposure in this tidally influenced urban ecosystem. The findings highlight the importance of understanding differential bioaccumulation and risks of ionizable contaminants of emerging concern in habitats of urbanizing coastal systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:966–974. © 2015 SETAC
Numerical study of the properties of the central moment lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Ning Yang , Premnath Kannan N. , Patil Dhiraj V. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryCentral moment lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is one of the more recent developments among the lattice kinetic schemes for computational fluid dynamics. A key element in this approach is the use of central moments to specify the collision process and forcing, and thereby naturally maintaining Galilean invariance, an important characteristic of fluid flows. When the different central moments are relaxed at different rates like in a standard multiple relaxation time (MRT) formulation based on raw moments, it is endowed with a number of desirable physical and numerical features. Because the collision operator exhibits a cascaded structure, this approach is also known as the cascaded LBM. While the cascaded LBM has been developed sometime ago, a systematic study of its numerical properties, such as the accuracy, grid convergence, and stability for well‐defined canonical problems is lacking, and the present work is intended to fulfill this need. We perform a quantitative study of the performance of the cascaded LBM for a set of benchmark problems of differing complexity, viz., Poiseuille flow, decaying Taylor–Green vortex flow, and lid‐driven cavity flow. We first establish its grid convergence and demonstrate second‐order accuracy under diffusive scaling for both the velocity field and its derivatives, that is, the components of the strain rate tensor, as well. The method is shown to quantitatively reproduce steady/unsteady analytical solutions or other numerical results with excellent accuracy. The cascaded MRT LBM based on the central moments is found to be of similar accuracy when compared with the standard MRT LBM based on the raw moments, when a detailed comparison of the flow fields are made, with both reproducing even the small scale vortical features well. Numerical experiments further demonstrate that the central moment MRT LBM results in significant stability improvements when compared with certain existing collision models at moderate additional computational cost. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human Capital Factors Affecting Human Resource (HR) Managers' Commitment to HR and the Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Value on HR
Authors: Oh In‐Sue , Blau Gary , Han Joo Hun , Kim Seongsu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHuman resource (HR) managers’ commitment to their occupation (HR) leads to the proper delivery and implementation of HR practices and, therefore, is deemed as a critical factor for the success of HR practices. Based on sociocognitive, human capital, and signaling theories, this study examines: (a) HR managers’ own and their chief HR officer's (CHRO) HR‐specific human capital as antecedents of their commitment to HR, and (b) the mediating mechanism through which the CHRO’s HR‐specific human capital positively influences HR managers’ commitment to HR. Based on 146 HR managers from 146 organizations in South Korea, the findings of the current study suggest that HR managers with higher levels of HR‐specific human capital and those working with CHROs with higher levels of HR‐specific human capital tend to have higher levels of commitment to HR. In addition, CHROs with higher levels of HR‐specific human capital positively influence HR managers’ commitment to HR by signaling to them that HR and its function are valued and cared about by their organizations. Theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed along with study limitations and further research directions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Translocation and biokinetic behavior of nanoscaled europium oxide particles within 5 days following an acute inhalation in rats
Authors: Creutzenberg Otto , Kock Heiko , Schaudien Dirk 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNanoscaled europium oxide (Eu2O3) particles were inhaled by rats after acute exposure and the potential translocation of particles followed by chemical analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was investigated. An aqueous dispersion (phosphate buffer/bovine serum albumin) of a commercially available Eu2O3 particle fraction consisting partially of nanoscaled particles was aerosolized with pressurized air. After rapid evaporation, rats inhaled the dry aerosol for 6 h in a single exposure resulting in an alveolar calculated dose of approximately 39.5 μg Eu2O3. Using chemical analysis, 36.8 μg Eu2O3 was detected 1 h after lung inhalation. The amount declined slightly to 34.5 μg after 1 day and 35.0 μg after 5 days. The liver showed an increase of Eu2O3 from 32.3 ng 1 h up to 294 ng 5 days after inhalation. Additionally, lung‐associated lymph nodes, thymus, kidneys, heart and testis exhibited an increase of europium over the period investigated. In the blood, the highest amount of europium was found 1 h after treatment whereas feces, urine and mesenteric lymph nodes revealed the highest amount 1 day after treatment. Using TEM analysis, particles could be detected only in lungs, and in the liver, no particles were detectable. In conclusion, the translocation of Eu2O3 within 5 days following inhalation could be determined very precisely by chemical analysis. A translocation of Eu2O3 particulate matter to liver was not detectable by TEM analysis; thus, the overproportional level of 0.8% of the lung load observed in the liver after 5 days suggests a filtering effect of dissolved europium with accumulation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.