bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurovascular EGFL7 regulates adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and thereby affects olfactory perception
Authors: Bicker Frank , Vasic Verica , Horta Guilherme , Ortega Felipe , Nolte Hendrik , Kavyanifar Atria , Keller Stefanie , Stankovic Nevenka Dudvarski , Harter Patrick N. , Benedito Rui , Lutz Beat , Bäuerle Tobias , Hartwig Jens , Baumgart Jan , Krüger Marcus , Radyushkin Konstantin , Alberi Lavinia , Berninger Benedikt , Schmidt Mirko H. H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAdult neural stem cells reside in a specialized niche in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Throughout life they give rise to adult-born neurons in the olfactory bulb (OB), thus contributing to neural plasticity and pattern discrimination. Here, we show that the neurovascular protein EGFL7 is secreted by endothelial cells and neural stem cells (NSCs) of the SVZ to shape the vascular stem-cell niche. Loss of EGFL7 causes an accumulation of activated NSCs, which display enhanced activity and re-entry into the cell cycle. EGFL7 pushes activated NSCs towards quiescence and neuronal progeny towards differentiation. This is achieved by promoting Dll4-induced Notch signalling at the blood vessel-stem cell interface. Fewer inhibitory neurons form in the OB of EGFL7-knockout mice, which increases the absolute signal conducted from the mitral cell layer of the OB but decreases neuronal network synchronicity. Consequently, EGFL7-knockout mice display severe physiological defects in olfactory behaviour and perception.
Regulation of snow-fed rivers affects flow regimes more than climate change
Authors: Arheimer B. , Donnelly C. , Lindström G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRiver flow is mainly controlled by climate, physiography and regulations, but their relative importance over large landmasses is poorly understood. Here we show from computational modelling that hydropower regulation is a key driver of flow regime change in snow-dominated regions and is more important than future climate changes. This implies that climate adaptation needs to include regulation schemes. The natural river regime in snowy regions has low flow when snow is stored and a pronounced peak flow when snow is melting. Global warming and hydropower regulation change this temporal pattern similarly, causing less difference in river flow between seasons. We conclude that in snow-fed rivers globally, the future climate change impact on flow regime is minor compared to regulation downstream of large reservoirs, and of similar magnitude over large landmasses. Our study not only highlights the impact of hydropower production but also that river regulation could be turned into a measure for climate adaptation to maintain biodiversity on floodplains under climate change.
Panoramic-reconstruction temporal imaging for seamless measurements of slowly-evolved femtosecond pulse dynamics
Authors: Li Bowen , Huang Shu-Wei , Li Yongnan , Wong Chee Wei , Wong Kenneth K. Y. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSingle-shot real-time characterization of optical waveforms with sub-picosecond resolution is essential for investigating various ultrafast optical dynamics. However, the finite temporal recording length of current techniques hinders comprehensive understanding of many intriguing ultrafast optical phenomena that evolve over a timescale much longer than their fine temporal details. Inspired by the space-time duality and by stitching of multiple microscopic images to achieve a larger field of view in the spatial domain, here a panoramic-reconstruction temporal imaging (PARTI) system is devised to scale up the temporal recording length without sacrificing the resolution. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the PARTI system is applied to study the dynamic waveforms of slowly evolved dissipative Kerr solitons in an ultrahigh-Q microresonator. Two 1.5-ns-long comprehensive evolution portraits are reconstructed with 740 fs resolution and dissipative Kerr soliton transition dynamics, in which a multiplet soliton state evolves into a stable singlet soliton state, are depicted.
Two T7-like Bacteriophages, K5-2 and K5-4, Each Encodes Two Capsule Depolymerases: Isolation and Functional Characterization
Authors: Hsieh Pei-Fang , Lin Hsiao-Hsuan , Lin Tzu-Lung , Chen Yi-Yin , Wang Jin-Town 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTwo Klebsiella bacteriophages K5-2 and K5-4, which are able to infect and grow on either capsular types K30/K69 and K5 or K8 and K5 of Klebsiella strains, were isolated and characterized. Each phage contained two open reading frames (ORFs), which encoded two putative capsule depolymerases, respectively. The first ORF encoded tail fiber proteins, which have K30/K69 depolymerase and K8 depolymerase activities. The second ORF encoded hypothetical proteins, which are almost identical in amino acid sequences, and have K5 depolymerase activity. Alcian blue staining of enzyme-treated capsular polysaccharides (CPS) showed that purified depolymerases can cleave purified Klebsiella CPS in vitro and liberate monosaccharaides. Capsule K5 deletion mutants were not lysed by either phage, suggesting that the capsule was essential for phage infection. Bacterial killing was observed when incubated Klebsiella strains with phages but not with purified depolymerases. Treatment with the K5-4 phage significantly increased the survival of mice infected with a K. pneumoniae K5 strain. In conclusion, two dual host-specific Klebsiella phages and their tailspikes exhibit capsule depolymerase activity were characterized. Each phage and phage-encoded depolymerase has specificity for capsular type K30/K69, K8 or K5, and could be used for the typing and treatment of K. pneumoniae infection.
Age-related diagnostic value of D-dimer testing and the role of inflammation in patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Prochaska Jürgen H. , Frank Bernd , Nagler Markus , Lamparter Heidrun , Weißer Gerhard , Schulz Andreas , Eggebrecht Lisa , Göbel Sebastian , Arnold Natalie , Panova-Noeva Marina , Hermanns Iris , Pinto Antonio , Konstantinides Stavros , ten Cate Hugo , Lackner Karl J , Münzel Thomas , Espinola-Klein Christine , Wild Philipp S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPrevious reports have investigated the impact of age on D-Dimer testing in elderly individuals with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but data on the age-related diagnostic value of D-dimer in a sample covering a broad age range are limited. The present study determined age-specifically the diagnostic accuracy of D-dimer and compared it to C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, in 500 patients with suspected DVT from the VTEval project (NCT02156401). Sensitivity of D-dimer was lower in patients < 60 years in comparison to patients ≥ 60 years (∆−16.8%), whereas specificity was 27.9% higher. Lowest levels of sensitivity were detected for female sex, unprovoked DVT, low thrombotic burden, and distal DVT. A fixed D-dimer threshold of 0.25 mg/L FEU resulted in elevated sensitivity for patients < 60 with a reduction of false negatives by 40.0% for proximal DVT and by 50.0% for distal DVT. In patients < 60 years, D-dimer and CRP demonstrated comparable diagnostic performance for both proximal and distal DVT (p > 0.05). In conclusion, these data outline a clinically-relevant limitation of D-dimer testing among younger patients with suspected DVT indicating a necessity for age-adapted cut-off values. Further research is required to decrypt the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology and diagnosis of venous thrombosis.
20.8–51 GHz highly balanced CMOS balun
Authors: Yang Geliang , Wang Keping , Wang Zhigong 
Published: June 2017

An ultra‐wideband asymmetric spiral‐stacked Marchand balun fabricated in the standard 0.18 μm CMOS process is demonstrated. An innovative technique named in‐phase current return path is incorporated into the design to enhance the balun's balance metrics. The proposed balun has a measured insertion loss <5 dB (3 dB for an ideal balun) and a return loss better than 10 dB from 20.8 to 60 GHz. Significantly, it provides a measured amplitude imbalance <0.3 dB and a phase imbalance <2° within 10–51 GHz range. The balun occupies an area of only 0.043 mm2 without pads. The resultant highly balanced CMOS balun is shown as a high‐performing millimetre‐wave component suitable for the full Ka and/or Q band applications.
The Comparison of the Protective Effects of α- and β-Antithrombin against Vascular Endothelial Cell Damage Induced by Histone in Vitro
Authors: Iba Toshiaki , Sasaki Tetsuya , Ohshima Kazutoshi , Sato Koichi , Nagaoka Isao , Thachil Jecko 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAntithrombin is a promising option for the treatment of sepsis, and vascular endothelium is an important target for this fatal condition. Here, we aimed to evaluate the protective effects of different glycoforms of antithrombin on histone-induced endothelial cell damage and explore the responsible mechanisms in an experimental model in vitro. Endothelial cells were treated in vitro using histone H4 to induce cellular damage. Various doses of either α- or β-antithrombin were used as treatment interventions, and both cell viability and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the medium were assessed. Endothelial cell damage was also assessed using microscopic examination and immunofluorescent staining with anti-syndecan-4 and anti-antithrombin antibodies. As a result, both glycoforms of antithrombin significantly improved cell viability when administered at a physiological dose (150 μg/mL). Cellular injury as evaluated using the LDH level was significantly suppressed by β-antithrombin at a supranormal dose (600 μg/mL). Microscopic observation suggested that β-antithrombin suppressed the endothelial cell damage more efficiently than α-antithrombin. β-Antithrombin suppressed the intensity of syndecan-4 staining which became evident after treatment with histone H4, more prominently than α-antithrombin. The distribution of antithrombin was identical to that of syndecan-4. In conclusion, both α- and β-antithrombin can protect vascular endothelial cells from histone H4-induced damage, although the effect was stronger for β-antithrombin. The responsible mechanisms might involve the binding of antithrombin to the glycocalyx on the endothelial surface. These results provide a theoretical basis for the application of antithrombin to the prevention and treatment of sepsis-related endothelial damage.
Homöopathie in der Augenheilkunde – Nutzen und Grenzen
Authors: Sathye Sandeep 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungJede Wissenschaft hat ihr bestimmtes Anwendungsgebiet und demzufolge auch Grenzen. Gleiches gilt für die Homöopathie, in der Behandlung von Allgemeinerkrankungen wie von Erkrankungen der Sinnesorgane. Das Auge steht unter den letzteren wohl an vorderster Stelle. Meine klinische Erfahrung in der Augenheilkunde hat gezeigt, dass homöopathische Arzneien bei vielen akuten und chronischen Erkrankungen wirksam sind. Die hier angeführten Fälle geben einen Überblick über den Nutzen augenheilkundlicher Anwendung von Homöopathie. Der Erfolg der Behandlung wird abhängen vom Wissen des Behandlers um ophthalmologische Erkrankungen sowie von seinem diagnostischen Können. Ein Verständnis vom möglichen Nutzen der Homöopathie in der Augenheilkunde – und ihrer Grenzen – hilft dem Arzt, dem Patienten die Aussichten homöopathischer Behandlungen bestimmter Augenkrankheiten abwägend vorzustellen.
Extra Pulmonary Toxicity Assessment of Gold and Silver Nanorods Following Intra Tracheal Instillation in Rats
Authors: Lingabathula Harikiran , Yellu Narsimhareddy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe gold nanorods (GNRs) and silver nanorods (SNRs) are utilized in various types of industrial and commercial applications. But, there is limited availability of extra pulmonary toxicity data regarding these nanorods. The present investigation evaluated the extra pulmonary toxicity induced by 10 and 25 nm GNRs and SNRs in rats following intra tracheal instillation. The serum biochemical analysis results have shown elevated levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and serum creatinine following 1 day and 1 week post instillation. GNRs have shown greatly increased serum ALT levels at 1 day, 1 week and 1 month post exposure periods compared to SNRs and quartz (QTZ) treated rats. In case of serum creatinine levels, both GNRs and SNRs have shown similar elevated levels. Histopathology studies of rat liver tissues following exposure of GNRs and SNRs displayed that congestion of central vein, shrinkage and ballooning of hepatocytes and lymphocytic infiltration leading to degeneration after 1 week and 1 month post instillation periods. The histopathology of rat kidney tissue was showed tubular dilation, degeneration and necrosis with 10 nm SNRs and 10 nm GNRs after 1 month post instillation period. The 10 nm GNRs and SNRs have shown great changes in serum biochemical analysis and histopathological studies compared to 25 nm test nanorods. These observations suggest the size and dose dependent translocation and extra pulmonary toxicity of both GNRs and SNRs.
CausalR: extracting mechanistic sense from genome scale data
Authors: Bradley Glyn , Barrett Steven J 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Summary
Utilization of causal interaction data enables mechanistic rather than descriptive interpretation of genome-scale data. Here we present CausalR, the first open source causal network analysis platform. Implemented functions enable regulator prediction and network reconstruction, with network and annotation files created for visualization in Cytoscape. False positives are limited using the introduced Sequential Causal Analysis of Networks approach.

Availability and implementation
CausalR is implemented in R, parallelized, and is available from Bioconductor

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Role of DNA polymerase β oxidized nucleotide insertion in DNA ligation failure
Authors: Çağlayan Melike , Wilson Samuel H 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, has been linked to cancer, and these oxidative molecules can damage DNA. Base excision repair (BER), a major repair system maintaining genome stability over a lifespan, has an important role in repairing oxidatively induced DNA damage. Failure of BER leads to toxic consequences in ROS-exposed cells, and ultimately can contribute to the pathobiology of disease. In our previous report, we demonstrated that oxidized nucleotide insertion by DNA polymerase β (pol β) impairs BER due to ligation failure and leads to formation of a cytotoxic repair intermediate. Biochemical and cytotoxic effects of ligation failure could mediate genome stability and influence cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the importance of coordination between pol β and DNA ligase I during BER, and how this could be a fundamental mechanism underlying human diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. A summary of this work was presented in a symposium at the International Congress of Radiation Research 2015 in Kyoto, Japan.
Revisiting the role of steroids and aspirin in the management of acute Kawasaki disease
Authors: Dhanrajani Anita , Yeung Rae S.M. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
Kawasaki disease is an acute multisystem childhood vasculitis with a predilection for the coronary arteries. The role of corticosteroids and acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) in the treatment of acute Kawasaki disease are matters of ongoing debate and changing attitudes from one extreme to the other. Recent work has provided new evidence to guide our thinking about these two therapeutic agents, which will be the focus of this review.

Recent findings
Corticosteroids are effective and well tolerated in Kawasaki disease, both as initial adjunctive treatment in those at high-risk for poor outcome, and as rescue therapy after failed intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).
Higher doses of ASA (> 30 mg/kg/day) in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease, have no clear benefit over antiplatelet doses in improving coronary outcome.

Summary
Corticosteroids should be used in patients at high-risk for poor coronary outcome, and in patients who fail IVIG. The absence of widely applicable and validated risk-scoring systems in Kawasaki disease outside of Japan remains a limiting factor to identify high-risk children. Current evidence does not demonstrate any advantage of high-dose over low-dose ASA in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease, in preventing coronary artery aneurysms.
Determinants of Receiving Palliative Care and Ventilator Withdrawal Among Patients With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation*
Authors: Chen Yang-Ching , Fan Hsien-Yu , Curtis J. Randall , Lee Oscar Kuang-Sheng , Liu Chih-Kuang , Huang Sheng-Jean 
Published: June 2017

Objectives:
Increasing numbers of patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation generates a tremendous strain on healthcare systems. Patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation suffer from long-term poor quality of life. However, no study has ever explored the willingness to receive palliative care or terminal withdrawal and the factors influencing willingness.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Five different hospitals of Taipei City Hospital system.

Patients:
Adult patients with ventilatory support for more than 60 days.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We identified the family members of 145 consecutive patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation in five hospitals of Taipei City Hospital system and enrolled family members for 106 patients (73.1%). We collected information from patient families’ regarding concepts (knowledge, attitude, and experiences) of palliative care, caregiver burden, family function, patient quality of life, and physician-family communications. From the medical record, we obtained duration of hospitalization, consciousness level, disease severity, medical cost, and the presence of do-not-resuscitate orders. The vast majority of family members agreed with the concept of palliative care (90.4%) with 17.3% of the family members agreeing to ventilator withdrawal currently and 67.5% terminally in anticipation of death. Approximately half of the family members regretted having chosen prolonged mechanical ventilation (56.7%). Reduced patient quality of life and increased family understanding of palliative care significantly associated with increased caregiver willingness to endorse palliative care and withdraw life-sustaining agents in anticipation of death. Longer duration of ventilator usage and hospitalization was associated with increased feelings of regret about choosing prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions:
During prolonged mechanical ventilation, physicians should thoroughly discuss its benefits and burdens. Families should be given the opportunity to discuss the circumstances under which they might request the implementation of palliative care or withdrawal of mechanical ventilation in order to avoid prolonging the dying process.
Characterization of Risk-Taking in Adults With Bipolar Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Reinharth Jonathan , Braga Raphael , Serper Mark 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders experience higher morbidity and mortality rates relative to the general population because of increased commission of dangerous behaviors. Despite this impact, little is known about the overall rates of risk-taking behaviors in patients currently being treated for such illness. This study examined the frequency of a variety of risk-taking behaviors in 100 adults with bipolar spectrum disorders in an active outpatient psychiatric treatment. It was found that 70% of individuals assessed reported at least one risk-taking behavior over the preceding 7 days. Implications for assessment and intervention are discussed.
Farmers’ self-reported bargaining power and price heterogeneity
Authors: Fałkowski Jan , Malak-Rawlikowska Agata , Milczarek-Andrzejewska Dominika 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
While it is commonly argued that food supply chains are characterized by severe imbalances of power between contracting parties, there is an insufficient understanding of the factors affecting the negotiating position of farmers. The purpose of this paper is to provide quantitative evidence documenting the position of farmers and to explain variation in farm gate prices in the dairy supply chain by using unique micro-survey data from Poland.

Design/methodology/approach
The bargaining power of farmers is elicited from their self-reported assessment about how confident they feel in their relationships with both the processing industry and input suppliers.

Findings
Using econometric modelling, it is shown that farmers who perceive themselves as having a relatively “strong position” in the food chain receive a higher milk price from dairy companies.

Research limitations/implications
While this result comes with some caveats, it suggests that the self-reported beliefs farmers hold about relations with their contractors may reveal additional insights into the distribution of power throughout the food chain.

Originality/value
Compared to the existing studies, the paper offers two innovations. First, to construct a proxy for farmers’ bargaining power, their subjective opinion on how easy they could be substituted for by their contractors is used. In effect, the paper goes beyond the standard measures which focus on farm size or its location. Second, it investigates farmers’ relationships vis-à-vis both processing industry and input suppliers. Consequently, this paper is the first to analyze power relationships by explicitly taking into account three stages of the supply chain.