bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota in Malawian infants in a nutritional supplementation trial
Authors: Cheung Yin Bun , Xu Ying , Mangani Charles , Fan Yue‐Mei , Dewey Kathryn G. , Salminen Seppo Jaakko , Maleta Kenneth , Ashorn Per 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo examine whether two forms of lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) or a micronutrient‐fortified corn–soya blend were associated with development of the gut microbiota in Malawian infants, to assess the microbiota profiles at the age of 6 and 18 months and to follow the changes during the 12‐month period.MethodsThis was a substudy of a 4‐arm randomised controlled trial conducted in rural Malawi. Infants at the age of 6 months were randomised to receive no supplement during the primary follow‐up period (control), 54 g/day of micronutrient‐fortified LNS with milk protein base (milk LNS), 54 g/day of micronutrient‐fortified LNS with soya protein base (soya LNS), or 71 g/day of micronutrient‐fortified corn–soya blend for 12 months. Stool samples were collected at baseline (6 months) and end of trial (18 months). The 16S rRNA gene was amplified and subjected to multiplex sequencing.ResultsA total of 213 infants had paired microbiota data at 6 and 18 months of age. The Dirichlet‐multinomial test showed no significant difference in microbiota profile between the four intervention groups at either age (each P > 0.10). Bifidobacterium longum was most abundant at both ages. Lactobacillus ruminis, Shigella and Salmonella were present. The abundance of Prevotella and Faecalibacterium increased with age (each P < 0.001), while Bifidobacteriaceae and Enterobacteriaceae exhibited significant decrease (each P < 0.001).ConclusionsNutritional supplementation by LNS or corn–soya blend for twelve months did not affect the gut microbiota profile in the rural Malawian context.
Application of mutant JAK2V617F for in vitro generation of red blood cells
Authors: Lee Sun Ah , Kim Ji Yeon , Choi Yongwook , Kim Yonggoo , Kim Hyun Ok 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUNDIn vitro generation of red blood cells (RBCs) from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been reported, but the collection of 1 × 105 to 1 × 106 CD34+ cells present in cord and peripheral blood is too small for expansion to 1 × 1012 cells in 1 unit of RBCs. We transduced JAK2V617F gene, the most common mutation with polycythemia vera (PV), into cord blood–derived CD34+ cells. This PV model was expected to increase cell proliferation without the addition of erythropoietin (EPO) in early phase of differentiation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSEmpty vector (control), wild‐type JAK2 (wJAK2), and mutant JAK2V617F (mJAK2) were transduced into CD34+ cells using a lentivirus system. The CD34+ cells were then differentiated to the RBCs in a culture system. The cells were analyzed for cell number, differential count, and morphologic changes. Cultured RBCs were tested for oxygen equilibrium.RESULTSwJAK2‐ and mJAK2‐transduced cells showed higher proliferation capacity until Day 21 than control cells; interestingly, only mJAK2‐transduced cells were highly increased on Day 7 during EPO‐free culture. However, both wJAK2‐ and mJAK2‐tranduced cells had more delayed differentiation than control, but they had a higher portion of completely matured RBCs and orthochromatic erythroblasts. Furthermore, mJAK2‐tranduced cells showed more differentiation into RBCs than wJAK2‐transduced cells and they had a normal hemoglobin dissociation curve.CONCLUSIONThis is the first trial to use a PV erythropoiesis model for RBC differentiation from stem cells. The transduction of HSCs with mJAK2 increased their proliferation capacity in EPO‐free culture conditions. This model may also be useful for investigating the pathogenesis of PV.
Riboflavin‐ultraviolet light pathogen reduction treatment does not impact the immunogenicity of murine red blood cells
Authors: Tormey Christopher A. , Santhanakrishnan Manjula , Smith Nicole H. , Liu Jingchun , Marschner Susanne , Goodrich Raymond P. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUNDUltraviolet (UV) illumination/pathogen reduction effectively inactivates white blood cells (WBCs) in whole blood. Given that cotransfused WBCs may impact recipient immune responses, we hypothesized that pathogen reduction of whole blood may alter responses to RBC antigens.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTransgenic mice expressing a model (HOD) antigen, authentic human (hGPA or KEL) antigens, or natural fluorescence (uGFP) on their RBCs were utilized as blood donors. Recipients were transfused with fresh whole blood to which riboflavin had been added or fresh whole blood treated by UV illumination/pathogen reduction treatment after the addition of riboflavin. Posttransfusion RBC recovery, survival, and alloimmunization were measured by flow cytometry.RESULTSUV illumination/pathogen reduction treatment did not alter RBC antigen expression, and recipients of treated syngeneic RBCs had persistently negative direct antiglobulin tests. Greater than 75% of treated and untreated syngeneic RBCs were recovered 24 hours posttransfusion in all experiments, although alterations in the long‐term posttransfusion survival of treated RBCs were observed. Treated and untreated KEL RBCs induced similar recipient alloimmune responses, with all recipients making anti‐KEL glycoprotein immunoglobulins (p > 0.05). Alloimmune responses to treated HOD or hGPA RBCs were no different from untreated RBCs (p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONPathogen inactivation treatment of fresh whole murine blood with riboflavin and UV illumination does not impact the rate or magnitude of RBC alloimmunization to three distinct RBC antigens. Further, UV illumination/pathogen reduction appears safe from an immunohematologic standpoint, with no immunogenic neoantigens detected on treated murine RBCs. Future studies with fresh and stored human RBCs are warranted to confirm these findings.
Effect of blood transfusion on intestinal blood flow and oxygenation in extremely preterm infants during first week of life
Authors: Banerjee Jayanta , Leung Terence S. , Aladangady Narendra 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUNDExtremely preterm infants receive frequent blood transfusions in the first week of life. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of blood transfusion on intestinal blood flow and oxygenation during the first week of life in extremely preterm infants.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSuperior mesenteric artery (SMA) peak systolic velocity (PSV) and diastolic velocities were measured 30 to 60 minutes before and after transfusion. Splanchnic tissue hemoglobin index (sTHI), splanchnic tissue oxygenation index (sTOI), and splanchnic fractional tissue oxygen extraction (sFTOE) were measured continuously from 15 to 20 minutes before to after transfusion along with vital variables.RESULTSTwenty infants were studied (median gestational age, 26 weeks). Ten infants were partially fed (15‐68 mL/kg/day). Heart rate and SaO2 remained unaltered; blood pressure increased significantly (p < 0.01) after transfusion. Mean SMA PSV (p = 0.63) and diastolic velocity (p = 0.65) remained unaltered. Mean pretransfusion SMA PSV was similar in partially fed (0.78 m/sec) compared to unfed infants (0.52 m/sec; p = 0.06) and the response to transfusion was not dissimilar. There was a significant increase in sTHI (mean difference, 32.3%; p < 0.01) and sTOI (14.6%; p = 0.03) and decrease in sFTOE (22.1%; p < 0.01) after transfusion. There was no significant difference in sTHI or sTOI between fed and unfed infants and their response to transfusion.CONCLUSIONSBlood transfusion increased blood pressure and intestinal tissue oxygenation but did not alter blood flow velocities. Partial feeding had no impact on intestinal blood flow and tissue oxygenation changes.
Detection of emergent strains of West Nile virus with a blood screening assay
Authors: Faddy Helen M. , Flower Robert L.P. , Seed Clive R. , Ismay Susan , Ong Edgar , Linnen Jeffrey M. , Cory Robin , Holmberg Jerry A. , Hall Roy A. , Setoh Yin X. , Deerain Joshua M. , Prow Natalie A. 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUNDWest Nile virus (WNV) is a threat to transfusion safety. WNV Kunjin strain (WNVKUN) is endemic across parts of Australia; however, human infection is believed to be infrequent and is often associated with relatively minor symptoms. A virulent strain, closely related to WNVKUN (termed WNVNSW2011) was recently identified as the etiologic agent of encephalitis in Australian horses. The aim of this project was to investigate whether a commercially available WNV blood screening assay can detect different strains of WNVKUN, including the virulent WNVNSW2011, in human blood donor samples.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPlasma samples were spiked with four different strains of WNVKUN, as well as a prototype WNV strain, at high, medium, and low viral loads. Spiking was confirmed with real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), before testing with the Procleix WNV transcription‐mediated amplification (TMA) blood screening assay (Grifols).RESULTSAll WNV strains used were detectable by RT‐PCR after being spiked into plasma. Additionally, all viral spiked samples were reactive by WNV TMA.CONCLUSIONWe experimentally demonstrate that a commercially available WNV blood screening assay can detect different strains of WNVKUN. Given that WNV can be transfusion transmissible, it is essential to confirm that emergent strains are detectable by existing blood screening methods.
An investigation of red blood cell concentrate quality during storage in paediatric‐sized polyvinylchloride bags plasticized with alternatives to di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)
Authors: Serrano K. , Levin E. , Chen D. , Hansen A. , Turner T. R. , Kurach J. , Reidel A. , Boecker W. F. , Acker J. P. , Devine D. V. 
Published: December 2015

Background and ObjectivesDi‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a blood bag plasticizer. It is also a toxin, raising concerns for vulnerable populations, for example, neonates and infants. Here, the in vitro quality of red cell concentrates (RCC) stored in paediatric bags formulated with alternative plasticizers to DEHP was compared.Materials and MethodsRCC were pooled and split into polyvinylchloride (PVC)/DEHP, PVC/1,2‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) or PVC/butyryl trihexyl citrate (BTHC) bags. Quality was assessed on storage days 5, 21, 35 and 43.ResultsMetabolism differed among the bags: pCO2 levels were lowest and pO2 were highest in BTHC bags. Glucose consumption and lactate production suggested higher metabolic rates in BTHC bags. ATP levels were best maintained in DINCH bags (day 43 mean level: 2·86 ± 0·29 μmol/g Hb). RCC in BTHC bags had the greatest potassium release (54·6 ± 3·0 mm on day 43). From day 21, haemolysis was higher in BTHC bags (P < 0·01) and by day 43 had exceeded 0·8% (0·85 ± 0·10%). RCC in BTHC bags showed more microparticle formation than RCC in DEHP or DINCH bags.ConclusionThe results suggest that the BTHC formulation used was detrimental to RBC quality. DINCH bags could be a viable alternative to DEHP: they outperformed DEHP bags energetically, with better maintenance of ATP levels.
Functional characteristics and clinical effectiveness of platelet concentrates treated with riboflavin and ultraviolet light in plasma and in platelet additive solution
Authors: Ignatova A. A. , Karpova O. V. , Trakhtman P. E. , Rumiantsev S. A. , Panteleev M. A. 
Published: December 2015

Background and ObjectivesPathogen reduction technologies may affect platelet quality during storage. We studied functional characteristics and clinical effectiveness of platelet concentrates (PCs) treated with Mirasol in plasma and in platelet‐additive solution SSP+.Materials and MethodsMirasol‐treated, gamma‐irradiated and untreated apheresis PCs were examined on days 0, 1, 3 and 5 of storage. Phosphatidylserine, P‐selectin and active glycoprotein IIb/IIIa were analysed using flow cytometry before and after platelet stimulation. Platelet count increments, the numbers of inefficient transfusions and post‐transfusion reactions were analysed to estimate clinical effectiveness.ResultsA significant increase in all platelet activation markers occurred during storage in all PC groups. Activation markers in Mirasol‐treated samples were already significantly higher compared with the control ones on the day of harvesting, and continued to grow during the storage. Mirasol treatment increased the number of platelets with a mitochondrial membrane potential loss. On the 3rd day of storage, 50% of Mirasol‐treated platelets did not respond to activation; on the 5th day, none did. This agreed well with a decrease (approximately twofold) in the effectiveness of Mirasol‐treated PC transfusions. Transfusions of PCs stored in SSP+ were accompanied by fewer inefficient transfusions and post‐transfusion reactions than of PCs stored in plasma.ConclusionTreatment with Mirasol decreased platelet function, particularly profoundly on the 5th day of storage, and led to a decrease in the effectiveness of transfusions. SSP+ did not affect laboratory parameters significantly compared with plasma, but decreased the percentage of transfusion complications.
Comparing and characterizing transient and steady‐state tests of the peripheral chemoreflex in humans
Authors: Pfoh Jamie R. , Tymko Michael M. , Abrosimova Maria , Boulet Lindsey M. , Foster Glen E. , Bain Anthony R. , Ainslie Philip N. , Steinback Craig D. , Bruce Christina D. , Day Trevor A. 
Published: December 2015

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
We aimed to characterize the cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular responses to transient and steady‐state tests of the peripheral chemoreflex and to compare the hypoxic ventilatory responses (HVRs) between these tests.

What is the main finding and its importance?
The cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to transient tests were small in magnitude and short in duration. The steady‐state isocapnic hypoxia test elicited a larger HVR than the transient 100% N2 test, but the response magnitudes were correlated within individuals. The transient test of the HVR elicits fewer systemic effects than steady‐state techniques and may have greater experimental utility than previously appreciated.

Carotid chemoreceptors detect changes in arterial and , eliciting a peripheral chemoreflex (PCR). Steady‐state (SS) hypoxia tests using dynamic end‐tidal forcing (DEF) have been used to assess the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) but may be confounded by concomitant systemic effects. Transient tests of the PCR have also been developed but are not widely used, nor have the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses been characterized. We characterized the cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular responses to transient tests of the PCR and compared the HVR between transient and SS‐DEF tests. We hypothesized that the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to the transient tests would be minimal and that the respiratory responses elicited from the transient and SS‐DEF tests would be different in magnitude and not well correlated within individuals. Participants underwent five consecutive trials of two transient tests [three‐breath 100% N2 (TT‐N2) and a single‐breath 13% CO2, in air] and two 10 min SS‐DEF tests [isocapnic (SS‐ISO) and poikilocapnic (SS‐POI) hypoxia]. In response to the transient tests, heart rate, mean arterial pressure and the middle and posterior cerebral artery blood velocity increased (all P < 0.01), but responses were small (all <10%) and transient. Although the TT‐N2 and SS‐POI tests elicited similar HVR magnitudes, they were not well correlated within individuals (r = 0.064, P = 0.79). The TT‐N2 test elicited a smaller HVR than the SS‐ISO test, but they were correlated within individuals (r = 0.57, P = 0.008). Given that the transient tests exploit the temporal domain of the peripheral chemoreceptors and have minimal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular confounders, we suggest that they may have broader utility than previously appreciated.
La destrucción de los mitos nacionales en Arturo Cancela
Authors: Rodríguez Pérsico Adriana 
Published: December 2015

<p>Durante las décadas de 1920 y 1930, en Argentina, una serie de escritores y periodistas –Arturo Cancela, entre ellos– ejercitan, en medios de gran tirada<em> </em>la crítica política que apunta al gobierno radical llegado al poder en 1916. Mezclando costumbrismo y humor y usando formas breves o fragmentarias, muestran un país entre la ruina de las instituciones. Al mismo tiempo, realizan una operación de desmitificación de los grandes relatos nacionales de comienzos de siglo XX, momento de celebración del Centenario de la Revolución de Mayo.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
José María Arguedas y la música novoandina. Su legado cultural en el siglo XXI
Authors: Zevallos Aguilar Ulises Juan 
Published: December 2015

<p>En este artículo se estudia la concepción del escritor peruano José María Arguedas como un héroe cultural peruano. Luego de describir las características de héroe cultural, enfoca su análisis en la producción musical del grupo de fusión rock y huayno <em>Uchpa</em>. Los músicos de este grupo se consideran herederos de Arguedas. Citan su testamento artístico político enunciado de manera sintética en el discurso “No soy un aculturado” (1969) para legitimar su práctica artística y continuar la misión que fue interrumpida por la muerte del autor de <em>Los ríos profundos</em>. Arguedas sostenía la existencia de un individuo quechua moderno que no necesitaba renunciar a su cultura para ser cosmopolita.</p><p> </p>
La Literatura en tiempos del Whatsapp (Notas para un uso nacional del debate)
Authors: Berg Edgardo H. 
Published: December 2015

<p>Se trata de pensar a través de dos textos narrativos breves y actuales, a saber “Casa con diez pinos” (2005) de Fabián Casas y “Una visita al cementerio” (2013) de Sergio Chejfec, el estado actual de la literatura argentina a partir de los debates dominantes y los modos asimilar o desplazar las tradiciones culturales (su disolución), generando de este modo una disputa por la noción de contemporaneidad. </p>
Géneros y formación ingenieril: de la universidad a la industria
Authors: Stagnaro Daniela , Natale Lucía 
Published: December 2015

<p class="p1">A partir del último tercio del siglo XX, ha crecido el interés por las producciones discursivas de la formación académica. El objetivo de este artículo de investigación es presentar el repertorio y la distribución de los géneros demandados durante el ciclo específico de una carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en una universidad argentina. Los análisis de frecuencias y de distribución muestran una tendencia a la incorporación gradual de tareas del contexto industrial. Se evidencia una preponderancia del saber práctico y un interés por la inmersión temprana del estudiante en el ámbito técnico-profesional. Asimismo, se identifican aspectos cuya revisión podría contribuir al mejoramiento de las prácticas de enseñanza. </p>
Lectura y escritura en la universidad: contribución para reconstruir una historia
Authors: Salazar-Sierra Adriana , Sevilla-Rengifo Olga , González-Pinzón Blanca , Mendoza-Arciniegas Carlos Enrique , Echeverri-Guzmán Alberto , Quecán-Castellanos Daniel , Pardo-Rodríguez Luis Ernesto , Angulo-Abaunza María Floralba , Silva-García Juan Manuel , Lozano-Ramírez Mariano 
Published: December 2015

<p class="p1">Este artículo de investigación presenta los resultados del análisis general de 34 experiencias en lectura y escritura en educación superior en Colombia, realizado a partir de un estudio exploratorio, entre 2008 y 2010, en el marco de la Red de Lectura y Escritura en Educación Superior (REDLEES). Este estudio surge como una necesidad de hacer balance y reconstruir la historia sobre las motivaciones iniciales que movieron a varias universidades colombianas a crear diferentes asignaturas y programas para fortalecer procesos de lectura y escritura de los estudiantes. Como resultado, se confirman la tendencia a diseñar asignaturas con carácter remedial, los esfuerzos individuales y no institucionales y la concepción de la lectura y la escritura como habilidades. </p>
Metodología de la investigación: operaciones para develar representaciones sociales
Authors: Mireles-Vargas Olivia 
Published: December 2015

<p class="p1">Este artículo de reflexión derivado de investigación presenta una descripción y un análisis sobre el proceso metodológico que se utilizó para develar la representación social de excelencia en cuatro posgrados de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM. Se expone de manera detallada el trabajo artesanal del investigador que incluye desde la tarea de la problematización, hasta la forma de presentar los hallazgos, pasando por la necesaria elección de los instrumentos de acopio y los mecanismos para la sistematización de la información. La reflexión final resalta la importancia de revisar la metodología en su parte más dinámica y no solo como una descripción anticipada o un catálogo de recursos disponibles. </p>
Prácticas comunicativas, creatividad y nuevos desafíos
Authors: Valencia Juan Carlos , Magallanes Claudia 
Published: December 2015

<p>Este artículo propone un nuevo énfasis en el trabajo investigativo y pedagógico de la disciplina latinoamericana de la Comunicación en el estudio de las prácticas comunicativas y su estrecha relación con la alteridad y el cambio social. Las prácticas comunicativas incluyen las dinámicas alrededor de los medios y sus mediaciones y van más allá, para incluir acciones y expresiones cotidianas de extraordinaria riqueza y diversidad, asociadas a redes culturales y sentidos complejos. Dichas prácticas comunicativas ilustran, expanden y profundizan los incesantes esfuerzos de creación, transformación, recuperación y<br />conservación de sentidos, redes y lazos, más allá de lo instrumental, que propenden por cambios profundos y por la construcción de alternativas a un orden social latinoamericano injusto, destructor, colonial y excluyente. El estudio de las prácticas comunicativas en clave de cambio social, especialmente desde Latinoamérica, abre ventanas hacia otras formas de conocimiento y acción alternativas a la modernidad, como la comunalidad o el buen vivir.</p>
EL DESARROLLO DEL DEBIDO PROCESO EN LAS ACTUACIONES ADMINISTRATIVAS PARA LA FORMACIÓN DE CONTRATOS ESTATALES
Authors: Chaves-Villada Jaime Eduardo 
Published: December 2015

<p>El presente artículo de reflexión tiene como objetivo analizar el derecho fundamental del debido proceso consagrado en el artículo 29 de la Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991, en las actuaciones administrativas que orientan la formación del contrato estatal. El documento realiza una reflexión sobre la aplicación de los elementos del derecho al debido proceso identificados por la jurisprudencia y la doctrina en las actuaciones administrativas y, en especial, las desarrolladas en la formación del contrato estatal. En la segunda parte del artículo, se desarrollará un estudio específico de la aplicación del debido proceso en las actuaciones administrativas, concretamente en los procedimientos expedidos por el gobierno nacional para el desarrollo de esas actuaciones administrativas, en el que se analizarán esas disposiciones frente a los elementos del debido proceso administrativo.</p>