bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Properties of Boron‐Doped Fullerene Derivatives for Lithium‐Ion Battery Applications
Authors: Sood Parveen , Kim Ki Chul , Jang Seung Soon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe high electron affinity of fullerene C60 coupled with the rich chemistry of carbon makes it a promising material for cathode applications in lithium‐ion batteries. Since boron has one electron less than carbon, the presence of boron on C60 cages is expected to generate electron deficiency in C60, and thereby to enhance its electron affinity. By using density functional theory (DFT), we studied the redox potentials and electronic properties of C60 and C59B. We have found that doping C60 with one boron atom results in a substantial increase in redox potential from 2.462 V to 3.709 V, which was attributed to the formation of an open shell system. We also investigated the redox and electronic properties of C59B functionalized with various redox‐active oxygen containing functional groups (OCFGs). For the combination of functionalization with OCFGs and boron doping, it is found that the enhancement of redox potential is reduced, which is mainly attributed to the open shell structure being changed to a closed‐shell one. Nevertheless, the redox potentials are still higher than that of pristine C60. From the observation that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of closed‐shell OCFG‐ functionalized C59B is correlated well with the redox potential, it was confirmed that the spin state is crucial to be considered to understand the relationship between electronic structure and redox properties.
Comparative genetics of invasive populations of walnut aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola, and its introduced parasitoid, Trioxys pallidus, in California
Authors: Andersen Jeremy C. , Mills Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCoevolution may be an important component of the sustainability of importation biological control, but how frequently introduced natural enemies coevolve with their target pests is unclear. Here we explore whether comparative population genetics of the invasive walnut aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola, and its introduced parasitoid, Trioxys pallidus, provide insights into the localized breakdown of biological control services in walnut orchards in California. We found that sampled populations of C. juglandicola exhibited higher estimates of genetic differentiation (FST) than co‐occurring populations of T. pallidus. In contrast, estimates of both the inbreeding coefficient (GIS) and contemporary gene flow were higher for T. pallidus than for C. juglandicola. We also found evidence of reciprocal outlier loci in some locations, but none showed significant signatures of selection. Synthesis and applications. Understanding the importance of coevolutionary interactions for the sustainability of biological control remains an important and understudied component of biological control research. Given the observed differences in gene flow and genetic differentiation among populations of T. pallidus and C. juglandicola, we suspect that temporary local disruption of biological control services may occur more frequently than expected while remaining stable at broader regional scales. Further research that combines genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping with measurements of phenotypic traits is needed to provide more conclusive evidence of whether the occurrence of outlier loci that display significant signatures of selection can be interpreted as evidence of the presence of a geographic mosaic of coevolution in this system.
Egg size and emergence timing affect morphology and behavior in juvenile Chinook Salmon,Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Authors: Cogliati Karen M. , Unrein Julia R. , Stewart Heather A. , Schreck Carl B. , Noakes David L. G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVariation in early life history traits often leads to differentially expressed morphological and behavioral phenotypes. We investigated whether variation in egg size and emergence timing influence subsequent morphology associated with migration timing in juvenile spring Chinook Salmon,Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Based on evidence for a positive relationship between growth rate and migration timing, we predicted that fish from small eggs and fish that emerged earlier would have similar morphology to fall migrants, while fish from large eggs and individuals that emerged later would be more similar to older spring yearling migrants. We sorted eyed embryos within females into two size categories: small and large. We collected early and late‐emerging juveniles from each egg size category. We used landmark‐based geometric morphometrics and found that egg size appears to drive morphological differences. Egg size shows evidence for an absolute rather than relative effect on body morphology. Fish from small eggs were morphologically more similar to fall migrants, while fish from large eggs were morphologically more similar to older spring yearling migrants. Previous research has shown that the body morphology of fish that prefer the surface or bottom location in a tank soon after emergence also correlates with the morphological variations between wild fall and spring migrants, respectively. We found that late‐emerging fish spent more time near the surface. Our study shows that subtle differences in early life history characteristics may correlate with a diversity of future phenotypes.
Suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides containing TTAGGG motifs inhibit cGAS activation in human monocytes
Authors: Steinhagen Folkert , Zillinger Thomas , Peukert Konrad , Fox Mario , Thudium Marcus , Barchet Winfried , Putensen Christian , Klinman Dennis , Latz Eicke , Bode Christian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractType I interferon (IFN) is a critical mediator of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Aicardi–Goutières Syndrome (AGS). The recently discovered cyclic‐GMP‐AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) induces the production of type I IFN in response to cytosolic DNA and is potentially linked to SLE and AGS. Suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing repetitive TTAGGG motifs present in mammalian telomeres have proven useful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases including SLE. In this study, we demonstrate that the suppressive ODN A151 effectively inhibits activation of cGAS in response to cytosolic DNA, thereby inhibiting type I IFN production by human monocytes. In addition, A151 abrogated cGAS activation in response to endogenous accumulation of DNA using TREX1‐deficient monocytes. We demonstrate that A151 prevents cGAS activation in a manner that is competitive with DNA. This suppressive activity of A151 was dependent on both telomeric sequence and phosphorothioate backbone. To our knowledge this report presents the first cGAS inhibitor capable of blocking self‐DNA. Collectively, these findings might lead to the development of new therapeutics against IFN‐driven pathologies due to cGAS activation.
Degradation of inverted architecture CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx perovskite solar cells due to trapped moisture
Authors: Bracher Christopher , Freestone Benjamin G. , Mohamad David K. , Smith Joel A. , Lidzey David G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe explore degradation pathways within encapsulated CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx perovskite devices based on the inverted architecture: ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx/PC70BM/LiF/Al. Devices were subjected to more than 670 h of continuous illumination approximating AM1.5, with a Ts80 lifetime of (280 ± 20) hours determined. Devices stored in the dark underwent a similar drop in efficiency over the same time‐period. Using external quantum efficiency, time‐resolved photoluminescence, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and laser beam induced current mapping, we attribute the primary cause of degradation to reactions with residual moisture trapped in the device, resulting in the decomposition of the perovskite.
Composition and origin of a lithalsa related to lake‐level recession and Holocene terrestrial emergence, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Gaanderse Adrian J.R. , Wolfe Stephen A. , Burn Christopher R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLithalsas of the Great Slave Lowland, Northwest Territories, occur within fine‐grained glaciolacustrine, lacustrine, and alluvial deposits. Detailed investigations of a lithalsa revealed that it is composed of ice‐rich sediments with ice lenses up to 0.2 m thick below 4 m depth. The observed ice accounted for about 2 m of the 4 m between the top of the lithalsa and adjacent terrain. The ice is isotopically similar to modern surface water, but enriched in δ18O relative to local precipitation. Total soluble cation concentrations are low in the basal, Shield‐derived and unweathered glaciolacustrine sediments of the lithalsa. Higher concentrations in the overlying Holocene‐aged lacustrine and alluvial deposits may be due to greater ion availability in Holocene surface waters. Increasing Cl‐ and Na+ concentrations in clays at depth likely relate to exclusion and migration of these dissolved ions in pore water during ice lens formation though total soluble cations remain comparatively low. The lithalsa developed 700 to 300 cal yr BP. A conceptual model of lithalsa formation and landscape evolution illustrates that this feature and more than 1800 other lithalsas in the region have developed in association with Holocene terrestrial emergence following lake‐level recession. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disruption of network for visual perception of natural motion in primary dystonia
Authors: Fujita Koji , Sako Wataru , Vo An , Bressman Susan B. , Eidelberg David 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn healthy subjects, brain activation in motor regions is greater during the visual perception of “natural” target motion, which complies with the two‐thirds power law, than of “unnatural” motion, which does not. It is unknown whether motion perception is normally mediated by a specific network that can be altered in the setting of disease. We used block‐design functional magnetic resonance imaging and covariance analysis to identify normal network topographies activated in response to “natural” versus “unnatural” motion. A visual motion perception‐related pattern (VPRP) was identified in 12 healthy subjects, characterized by covarying activation responses in the inferior parietal lobule, frontal operculum, lateral occipitotemporal cortex, amygdala, and cerebellum (Crus I). Selective VPRP activation during “natural” motion was confirmed in 12 testing scans from healthy subjects. Consistent network activation was not seen, however, in 29 patients with dystonia, a neurodevelopmental disorder in which motion perception pathways may be involved. Using diffusion tractography, we evaluated the integrity of anatomical connections between the major VPRP nodes. Indeed, fiber counts in these pathways were substantially reduced in the dystonia subjects. In aggregate, the findings associate normal motion perception with a discrete brain network which can be disrupted under pathological conditions.
Impact of Preoperative Ultrasonographic Evaluation for Detection of a Viable Testis in Patients With a Unilateral Nonpalpable Testis
Authors: Moriya Kimihiko , Nakamura Michiko , Nishimura Yoko , Nishida Mutsumi , Kudo Yusuke , Kanno Yukiko , Kitta Takeya , Kon Masafumi , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of preoperative ultrasonography (US) for detecting a viable testis in patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis.MethodsPatients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis or unilateral palpable undescended testis who underwent preoperative US were enrolled. Patients were divided into 3 groups as follows: nonpalpable testis/no testis (n = 27), which included patients who had a unilateral nonpalpable testis with no viable testis detected at surgery; nonpalpable testis/viable testis (n = 10), which included patients who had a unilateral nonpalpable testis with a viable testis identified at surgery; and palpable undescended testis (n = 63), which included patients who had a unilateral palpable undescended testis. Preoperative US findings were compared among each group.ResultsThe testicular volume on the contralateral descended side in the nonpalpable testis/no testis group was significantly greater than that in the nonpalpable testis/viable testis and palpable undescended testis groups. When a testicular volume of 0.54 mL was used as the cutoff value, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the presence of the affected testis were 75.3%, 100%, 100%, and 60.0%, respectively. The testis on the affected side was detected in none of the nonpalpable testis/no testis group, 7 of the nonpalpable testis/viable testis group, and all of the palpable undescended testis group. When a visible testis on the affected side and a testicular volume of 0.54 mL or less were defined as positive, all patients in the nonpalpable testis/viable testis and palpable undescended testis groups had positive findings versus none in the nonpalpable testis/no testis group.ConclusionsPreoperative US provides valuable information for predicting the presence of a viable testis in patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis by estimating both the unaffected testis and the affected side.
Management of head and neck primary unknown squamous cell carcinoma using combined positron emission tomography‐computed tomography and transoral laser microsurgery
Authors: Kuta Victoria , Williams Blair , Rigby Matthew , Hart Robert , Trites Jonathan , MacKay Colin , Taylor S. Mark 
Published: December 2017

Objectives/HypothesisThe unknown primary of the neck is commonly encountered by the head and neck surgeon. Despite the exhaustive diagnostic tools employed in traditional detection protocols, many unknown primaries are not found, and the patient is subjected to wide‐field radiation and chemotherapy during treatment. Localizing the primary tumor has demonstrated therapeutic benefits, improved quality of life, and overall survival. The authors' objective was to determine the efficacy of a new management protocol for unknown primaries of the head and neck.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsOur technique involved a preoperative positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) followed by a planned transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) approach. Efficacy was assessed based on survival statistics, disease control, detection rates, the proportion of patients not receiving adjuvant therapy, and the proportion of PET‐CT scans helpful for detection of the primary cancer.ResultsThe occult primary was located in 25 of the 27 patients (93%), with the majority found in the palatine tonsil (52%). Both overall survival and disease‐specific survival was 80% at 36 months. Local control was achieved in 100% of patients. After surgery, 37.0% (n = 10) received adjuvant radiation alone and 33.3% (n = 9) of patients went on to receive adjuvant chemoradiation. On imaging, 72% (n = 18) of PET‐CT scans correctly localized the primary tumor.ConclusionsOccult head and neck primaries present a diagnostic challenge that is not adequately overcome using traditional detection protocols. The current study presents our unique protocol at Dalhousie University, which demonstrates the efficacy of the PET‐CT TLM protocol from both a detection and therapeutic perspective.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:2307–2311, 2018
An app to enhance resident education in otolaryngology
Authors: Hsueh Wayne D. , Bent John P. , Moskowitz Howard S. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTechnological change is leading to an evolution in medical education. The objective of our study was to assess the impact of a medical knowledge app, called PulseQD, on resident education within our otolaryngology–head and neck surgery department at Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Bronx, NY).MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted within the Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery from July 2016 to June 2017. All faculty attendings and residents were asked to participate in the study and were included. A Web and mobile‐based app, PulseQD, that allowed for collaborative learning was implemented. Questionnaires were given at the beginning and end of the academic year. Otolaryngology Training Exam (OTE) scores were collectedResultsA total of 20 residents and 13 faculty members participated in the study. Residents used online sources of medical information significantly more often than faculty (90% and 54%, respectively, P = 0.0179). Residents and faculty felt that PulseQD offered a valuable perspective on clinically relevant medical information (P = 0.0003), was a great way to test clinical and medical knowledge (P = 0.0001), and improved the sharing and discussing of medical knowledge (P < 0.0001). There was a statistically significant 5.8% improvement in OTE scores (P = 0.0008) at the end of the academic year.ConclusionThe implementation of a novel mobile app, PulseQD, was well received by residents and faculty in the Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. Preliminary data suggest that app‐based learning may lead to improved performance on knowledge‐based assessments.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:1340–1345, 2018
Low‐level ultrahigh‐frequency and ultrashort‐pulse blue laser irradiation enhances osteoblast extracellular calcification by upregulating proliferation and differentiation via transient receptor potential vanilloid 1
Authors: Mikami Risako , Mizutani Koji , Aoki Akira , Tamura Yukihiko , Aoki Kazuhiro , Izumi Yuichi 
Published: December 2017

Background and ObjectiveLow‐level laser irradiation (LLLI) exerts various biostimulative effects, including promotion of wound healing and bone formation; however, few studies have examined biostimulation using blue lasers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low‐level ultrahigh‐frequency (UHF) and ultrashort‐pulse (USP) blue laser irradiation on osteoblasts.Study Design/ Materials and MethodsThe MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast cell line was used in this study. Following LLLI with a 405 nm newly developed UHF‐USP blue laser (80 MHz, 100 fs), osteoblast proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed. In addition, mRNA levels of the osteoblast differentiation markers, runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osterix (Osx), alkaline phosphatase (Alp), and osteopontin (Opn) was evaluated, and extracellular calcification was quantified. To clarify the involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in LLLI‐induced biostimulation, cells were treated prior to LLLI with capsazepine (CPZ), a selective inhibitor of TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and subsequent proliferation and ALP activity were measured.ResultsLLLI with the 405 nm UHF‐USP blue laser significantly enhanced cell proliferation and ALP activity, compared with the non‐irradiated control and LLLI using continuous‐wave mode, without significant temperature elevation. LLLI promoted osteoblast proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner up to 9.4 J/cm2 and significantly accelerated cell proliferation in in vitro wound healing assay. ALP activity was significantly enhanced at doses up to 5.6 J/cm2, and expression of Osx and Alp mRNAs was significantly increased compared to that of the control on days 3 and 7 following LLLI at 5.6 J/cm2. The extent of extracellular calcification was also significantly higher as a result of LLLI 3 weeks after the treatment. Measurement of TRPV1 protein expression on 0, 3, and 7 days post‐irradiation revealed no differences between the LLLI and control groups; however, promotion of cell proliferation and ALP activity by LLLI was significantly inhibited by CPZ.ConclusionLLLI with a 405 nm UHF‐USP blue laser enhances extracellular calcification of osteoblasts by upregulating proliferation and differentiation via TRPV1. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:340–352, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using sisterhood networks to cultivate ethnic identity and enhance school engagement
Authors: Jones Janine M. , Lee Lisa H. , Matlack Alexa , Zigarelli Julia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSchool engagement has been found to be a statistically significant predictor of academic success. Education researchers are particularly interested in exploring the factors that influence the ways in which students are engaged in the classroom. As the population of students in the United States has become increasingly multicultural, it is imperative that current research address the cultural influences that may be related to school engagement. This study explored how ethnic identity development and school engagement are related with a sample of African American girls in middle school. Twelve participants received 6 weeks of a cultural awareness group curriculum (Sisters of Nia) and 6 weeks of an informal girls group in this multiple group intervention study. School engagement, cultural style, and ethnic identity were measured throughout the group intervention. Results indicated that girls that participated in the culturally responsive intervention group demonstrated significantly higher ratings of their ethnic identity. Another result indicated that the Humanism ideology of ethnic identity, which de‐emphasizes race in worldviews and behavior, was predicted by group membership. Finally, school engagement was significantly greater for the girls who participated in the culturally responsive intervention group. The implications for culturally responsive methods of intervention in schools are discussed.
Does context matter? An analysis of training in multicultural assessment, consultation, and intervention between school psychologists in urban and rural contexts
Authors: Newell Markeda , Looser Joshua 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the extent of training in multicultural assessment, intervention, and consultation of school psychologists in urban and rural contexts. Although there is greater cultural and sociodemographic diversity in urban settings as compared to rural settings, it is unknown whether school psychologists in urban settings have more training than school psychologists in rural contexts to assess, consult, or intervene in these multicultural settings. For this reason, 86 school psychologists in rural and urban contexts were surveyed about their training in multicultural assessment, consultation, and intervention. Results indicated that, overall, the school psychologists had little to no training in multicultural assessment, intervention, and consultation. However, school psychologists in urban context did indicate significantly higher level of training in multicultural intervention. Implications for multicultural training are discussed.
Synthesis of helical polyisocyanides bearing aza‐crown ether groups as pendant
Authors: Kanbayashi Naoya , Tokuhara Shingo , Sekine Tomoko , Kataoka Yuki , Okamura Taka‐aki , Onitsuka Kiyotaka 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTWe, herein, present a novel synthesis of responsive helical poly(aryl isocyanide)s bearing aza‐crown ethers as pendant groups. Chiral aryl isocyanide monomers bearing an aza‐crown ether as a pendant were designed and synthesized, piror to polymerization using a Pd‐Pt µ‐ethynediyl complex as an initiator to give the corresponding polymers in good yield. The resulting polyisocyanides adopted a stable helical structure in solution, as confirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis. In addition, the polymers were soluble in various solvents. Furthemore, the addition of suitable alkali metal ions to the crown ether of the sidechain on the helical polyisocyanide to form host‐gest complexes resulted in deformation of the helix due to electrostatic repulsion, and these phenomena depended on the size of metal cations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 496–504.