bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness Of ThailandLaos Border Trade Strategic Management
Authors: Nanudorn Sr. Col. Somchart , Phisanbutr Sorachai , Rutchatorn Buddhagarn , Phuboonbutr Thitaporn , Sakolnakorn Thongphon Promsaka Na 
Published: March 2016

The objective of this study is to study the management strategy applied to the ThailandLaos border trade. This study was conducted in the years 2010 and 2011. The areas under study were Nong Khai, Nakhon Phanom, and Mukdahan provinces in the northeast of Thailand with the application of a mixed-methods research methodology including both quantitative and qualitative methods. Using the quantitative method, we provided 352 questionnaires to entrepreneurs who conducted cross-border trade through the customhouses in these provinces. We analyzed this data using means, percentages, factor analysis, and regression analysis. Using the qualitative method, we conducted a focus group of 16 key participants, such as entrepreneurs, customs officers, directors, and officers of the Office of Provincial Commerce, as well as the management team of the Provincial Chamber of Commerce. We analyzed this data using content analysis and descriptive analysis. On the basis of our analysis, we determined guidelines for the strategic management of cross-border trade between Thailand and Laos. The first strategy we suggest is that both Thailand and Laos should solve any border-trade problems together. The second is that border trade management should have only one unit and/or department with management authority. Currently many units and departments are involved in managing cross-border trade. Moreover, before opening a new port of entry, both governments should prepare all facilities and train officers and entrepreneurs to gain more knowledge about relevant laws, as well as providing resources for new officers in order to avoid problems of insufficient status and lag in crossing. One-stop service points should be created at customhouses to avoid long customs lines. Equipment such as X-ray trucks should be provided to support one-stop service to increase convenience and effectiveness as a way to avoid a situation where traders circumvent the law by not declaring goods at customs.
On the Pricing Of Chinese Stocks
Authors: Girard Eric , Nolan James , Zhao Fang 
Published: March 2016

This study identifies the leading risk attributes to Chinese stock returns. We demonstrate that the forecasting ability of a multifactor expression that includes micro (fundamental) risk factors conditioned by time-varying macro global and local risk factors is significantly superior to the forecasting ability of simpler nested unconditional models. We conclude that micro and macro local and global risks are instrumental in describing the return-generating process of Chinese equities. Using an attribution analysis, we further show that the valuation of Chinese equities is largely conditioned by expected changes in local and global macro risks, and less by unconditional micro risk premiums.
A comparative study on field performance of micropropagated plants and stem cutting derived plants of S-36 cultivar of Mulberry (Morus indica L.)
Authors: Chitra D S Vijaya , Chinthapalli Bhaskarrao , Padmaja G 
Published: March 2016

<p>Micropropagated and stem cutting derived plants of Mulberry (<em>Morus indica</em> L. cv. S-36) were transferred to the similar field conditions. A comparative study was conducted based on morphological parameters and growth characteristics for three consecutive years. The results demonstrated that micropropagation gave rise to superior clonal populations with respect to number of branches/plant and leaf yield/plant that will be suitable for the mass production of plants. Thus <em>in vitro</em> grown plants did not exhibit any significant quantitative variation as compared to the conventionally grown plants, indicating the varietal multiplication to be of true-to-type.</p>
In vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy using Passiflora foetida Activated Carbon
Authors: Shankar P Dheeban , S Basker , K Karthik , S Karthik 
Published: March 2016

<p><strong>Activated carbon (AC) has found its attention in pollution control and wastewater treatment to remove various pollutants. Activated carbon can be prepared by physical and chemical activation methods. The chemical activation methods were advantageous over physical activation due to process accomplishment at lower temperature and greater yield which avoids burn-off char. Activated carbon was usually used as an adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater which could be related to their extended surface area, high adsorption capacity, microporous structure and special surface reactivity. Microbial pollution and contamination have produced various problems in industrial and medical fields. Based on this, the present study was attempted on the preparation of activated carbon from <em>Passiflora foetida</em> and evaluating for its antibacterial efficacy against twelve different microorganisms by agar well diffusion method. The results were found to be very effective with higher zone of inhibition against almost all the microorganisms tested. Moreover, the activity was considerably more against <em>Shigella flexneri (MTCC 1457) </em>and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 10309).</em>In addition to this, the shake flask test in saline had proved that the colonial growth of <em>E.coli</em> was inhibited with respect to the concentration of activated carbon and time of incubation.</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p>
State Owned Enterprises (SOEs), The Problems and Solutions in Financial and Asset Management
Authors: Sanusi Anwar 
Published: March 2016

<p>State-owned enterprises (SOEs) faced with the demands to produce a better performance by increasing internal working environment. SOE managers need to measure employee productivity associated with the job description, key result areas, and Key Performance Indicators. This method had a goal to determine the indicators of organizational performance and how SOEs achieved the standards of achievement and to plan reward achievement of productivity. This study tested the hypothesis through validation testing theory or application of theory in certain circumstances.</p><p>The samples were taken from the overall population of SOE employees in Jakarta. It used purposive method in selecting data the data which retrieved by taking certain data through several criteria.</p><p>The study result showed that the respondent perception of communication, work attitude, work ethic, internal control level, risk management practices, and monitoring &amp; evaluation has a significant relationship with work productivity of the employees. </p>
Agronomic Effectiveness of Granular Nitrogen/Phosphorus Fertilizers Containing Elemental Sulfur with and without Ammonium Sulfate: A Review
Authors: Chien Sen H. , Teixeira Luiz A. , Cantarella Heitor , Rehm George W. , Grant Cynthia A. , Gearhart Mercedes M. 
Published: March 2016

Deficiency of S in soils has become a soil fertility issue worldwide because of a decrease in S deposition from air to soil due to legislation and increased crop removal. Continuous use of high‐analysis nitrogen/phosphorus (NP) fertilizers lacking in S further exacerbates the S deficiency for crop production. Several newly developed granular NP fertilizers such as monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), and triple superphosphate (TSP) containing micronized elemental sulfur (ES) with/without ammonium sulfate (AS) have been marketed to farmers. It is claimed that these products can provide available SO4–S through AS and ES oxidation during the growing season. The objective of this review was to carefully examine the literature that addresses the agronomic effectiveness of the granular NP–ES or NP– (ES+AS) fertilizer products. The review shows that oxidation of ES particles in granular NP fertilizers is generally nil or inadequate to provide available S to seasonal (or first) crops in greenhouse studies. This is due to the negative locality effect on granular ES oxidation. In contrast, available S can be obtained from the associated AS component of the granular (ES+AS). Under field conditions, limited studies showed these granular (ES+AS) were as effective as SO4–based sources at a high single S rate, but lack of data at multiple S rates. The detailed evaluation of available data so far often shows that the granular NP fertilizers containing ES or (ES+AS) cannot provide available S as compared with traditional SO4–based S sources for season‐long or first field crops.

Sulfur nutrient is important to crop growth to produce maximum crop yield.
Several new S fertilizers are marketed to farmers often without scientific data to support the fertilizer producers’ claims.
This review article examines the available data to check the claims; the results often cannot validate the claims.
Suppression of Ammonia Volatilization from Rice–Wheat Rotation Fields Amended with Controlled‐Release Urea and Urea
Authors: Wang Huihui , Hegazy Abeer M. , Jiang Xia , Hu Zhengyi , Lu Jia , Mu Jing , Zhang Xiangru , Zhu Xiaoqi 
Published: March 2016

The critical period of ammonia volatilization (AV) is an important indicator in the development of control measures of AV. A field trial was performed for 2‐yr with zero‐N fertilization control (CK), controlled‐release‐urea (CRU), and urea in rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation system to investigate AV. The N application dosage was 255 and 225 kg N ha−1 in rice and wheat season, respectively. The CRU was applied once as basal fertilization in each growing seasons. Urea was applied twice in the rice season, while it was applied three times in the wheat season. The results revealed that AV applied with urea was 61.4 and 57.3% higher than that with CRU in 2010–2011 and 2011–2012, respectively. The AV applied with CRU and urea predominately occurred at the rice flooding period, which accounted for 83.2 to 86.6% and 95.5 to 96.9% of AV at the entire rice season and for 48.2 to 49.6% and 67.2 to 70.4% of AV in the rice–wheat rotation period, respectively. No obvious difference was observed between urea and CRU treatments concerning grain yield, N concentration, and removal N of aboveground biomass. An obvious influence of rainfall on AV was documented because rainfall significantly reduced AV during the rice growth, while the rainfall before N fertilization could significantly increase AV in the wheat season. Therefore, the rainfall should be considered when applying N fertilizer, CRU should be recommended to use during the rice flooding period to decrease the AV rate.

Ammonia volatilization predominately occurs in the flooded period of rice season.
Ammonia volatilization in the urea treatment is more than 50% higher than that in the controlled‐release urea treatment.
Controlled‐release urea fertilization is an eco‐friendly, labor‐saving, and effective technique in minimizing ammonia volatilization.
In order to decrease ammonia volatilization as much as possible, irrigation and rainfall should be considered when designing N fertilization programs.
Soybean Spatiotemporal Yield and Economic Variability as Affected by Tillage and Crop Rotation
Authors: Al‐Kaisi Mahdi M. , Archontoulis Sotirios , Kwaw‐Mensah David 
Published: March 2016

Tillage and crop rotations are practices that influence yields and economic returns. This study was conducted at seven locations in Iowa from 2003 to 2013 with a split‐plot design. Tillage systems [no‐tillage (NT), strip‐tillage (ST), chisel plow (CP), deep rip (DR), and moldboard plow (MP)] were the main treatment and rotations [corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) (C‐S), corn–corn–soybean (C‐C‐S), and continuous corn (C‐C)] were the subplot. The objectives were to investigate: (i) annual soybean yield variability, (ii) appropriate tillage systems and crop rotations within location, and (iii) rotation effect on soybean yield and economic returns for the C‐S cropping system. Soybean yield varied from 1.5 to 5.0 Mg ha−1 across Iowa with 21% variability. The yield response to tillage systems at different locations was not significant and the economic return with NT ($1258 ha−1) exceeded that with conventional tillage ($1241 ha−1). Input costs excluding land rental and crop insurance were lower with NT ($463 ha−1) than with conventional tillage ($512 ha−1). The C‐C‐S rotation resulted in greater soybean yields (9%) and economic returns (11%) than the C‐S rotation in five out of seven locations. The effect of C‐S, C‐C‐S, and C‐C was consistently higher in the southern locations (well‐drained soils, warmer temperatures) than northern locations (poorly drained soils, cooler temperatures). Site‐specific effects of rotation on soybean yield were greater than tillage system effects. Stable economic returns over time for corn and soybean were more associated with the C‐S rotation than with C‐C‐S and C‐C.

C‐C‐S rotation resulted in 9% greater soybean yield than that of C‐S.
C‐C‐S rotation resulted in 11% greater economic return than that of C‐S.
Tillage systems did not result in soybean yield differences with both rotations.
NT input cost was $49 ha−1 less than that for CP, DR, and MP.
C‐S cropping system yields and economic returns were superior to C‐C.
Spatial and temporal soybean yield variability was 16–26% and 20–22%, respectively.
Growth Regulation with Lactofen Does Not Affect Seed Yield of Irrigated Soybean
Authors: Mangialardi J. Paul , Orlowski John M. , Lawrence Ben H. , Bond Jason A. , Golden Bobby R. , Catchot Angus , Peeples Jimmy D. , Eubank Thomas W. 
Published: March 2016

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] producers have considered the use of lactofen herbicide (2‐ethoxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐oxoethyl 5‐[2‐chloro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]‐2‐nitrobenzoate) as a growth regulator part of management systems for high‐yielding soybean, believing that lactofen can reduce plant height and lodging or increase node number. Previous research on non‐irrigated soybean was largely unable to show significant benefits for lactofen applied during early vegetative growth (V1–V4) as a growth regulator. However, it is unclear how early‐season lactofen applications affect soybean growth and seed yield in high‐yielding, irrigated soybean management systems common in the midsouthern United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of early‐season lactofen application on soybean injury, stunting, plant height, node number, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation, lodging, and seed yield at multiple planting dates. Trials were established during the 2013 and 2014 growing season in Stoneville, MS. Soybean was planted at four planting dates: 15 April, 1 May, 15 May, and 1 June. Crop oil concentrate (COC) and lactofen plus COC were applied to soybean at the second trifoliate growth stage (V2). Lactofen plus COC application resulted in early‐season injury and stunting, but did not affect intercepted photosynthetically active radiation, plant height at harvest, lodging, or seed yield while, planting date affected soybean plant height, but did not affect seed yield. The findings of this study suggest that the use of lactofen as a growth regulator for irrigated soybean production in the midsouthern United States is not necessary.Core Ideas

Early‐season lactofen application results in temporary injury and stunting in high‐yielding, irrigated soybean in the midsouthern United States.
Early‐season lactofen application does not affect soybean seed yield in high‐yield irrigated midsouthern U.S. environments.
Soybean planting date failed to affect soybean seed yield in growing seasons with above‐average precipitation.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Diabetes Care and Impact of Vendor-Based Disease Management Programs
Authors: Meng Ying-Ying , Diamant Allison , Jones Jenna , Lin Wenjiao , Chen Xiao , Wu Shang-Hua , Pourat Nadereh , Roby Dylan , Kominski Gerald F. 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
We examined the existence of disparities in receipt of appropriate diabetes care among California’s fee-for-service Medicaid beneficiaries and the effectiveness of a telephonic-based disease management program delivered by a disease management vendor on the reduction of racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted an intervention-control cohort study to test the effectiveness of a 3-year-long disease management program delivered to Medicaid fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 22 to 75 with a diagnosis of diabetes in Los Angeles and Alameda counties. The outcome measures were the receipt of at least one hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test, LDL cholesterol test, and retinal examination each year. We used generalized estimating equations models with logit link to analyze the claims data for a cohort of beneficiaries in two intervention counties (n = 2,933) and eight control counties (n = 2,988) from September 2005 through August 2010.

RESULTS
Racial/ethnic disparities existed in the receipt of all three types of testing in the intervention counties before the program. African Americans (0.66; 95% CI 0.62–0.70) and Latinos (0.77; 95% CI 0.74–0.80) had lower rates of receipt for HbA1c testing than whites (0.83; 95% CI 0.81–0.85) in the intervention counties. After the intervention, the disparity among African Americans and Latinos compared with whites persisted in the intervention counties. For Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, the disparity in testing rates decreased. We did not find similar disparities in the control counties.

CONCLUSIONS
This disease management program was not effective in reducing racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes care in the most racially/ethnically diverse counties in California.
Variations in Diabetes Prevalence in Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries: Results From the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological Study
Authors: Dagenais Gilles R. , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Zhang Xiaohe , McQueen Matthew , Lear Scott , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Mohan Viswanathan , Mony Prem , Gupta Rajeev , Kutty V. Raman , Kumar Rajesh , Rahman Omar , Yusoff Khalid , Zatonska Katarzyna , Oguz Aytekin , Rosengren Annika , Kelishadi Roya , Yusufali Afzalhussein , Diaz Rafael , Avezum Alvaro , Lanas Fernando , Kruger Annamarie , Peer Nasheeta , Chifamba Jephat , Iqbal Romaina , Ismail Noorhassim , Xiulin Bai , Jiankang Liu , Wenqing Deng , Gejie Yue , Rangarajan Sumathy , Teo Koon , Yusuf Salim 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to assess whether diabetes prevalence varies by countries at different economic levels and whether this can be explained by known risk factors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The prevalence of diabetes, defined as self-reported or fasting glycemia ≥7 mmol/L, was documented in 119,666 adults from three high-income (HIC), seven upper-middle-income (UMIC), four lower-middle-income (LMIC), and four low-income (LIC) countries. Relationships between diabetes and its risk factors within these country groupings were assessed using multivariable analyses.

RESULTS
Age- and sex-adjusted diabetes prevalences were highest in the poorer countries and lowest in the wealthiest countries (LIC 12.3%, UMIC 11.1%, LMIC 8.7%, and HIC 6.6%; P &lt; 0.0001). In the overall population, diabetes risk was higher with a 5-year increase in age (odds ratio 1.29 [95% CI 1.28–1.31]), male sex (1.19 [1.13–1.25]), urban residency (1.24 [1.11–1.38]), low versus high education level (1.10 [1.02–1.19]), low versus high physical activity (1.28 [1.20–1.38]), family history of diabetes (3.15 [3.00–3.31]), higher waist-to-hip ratio (highest vs. lowest quartile; 3.63 [3.33–3.96]), and BMI (≥35 vs. &lt;25 kg/m2; 2.76 [2.52–3.03]). The relationship between diabetes prevalence and both BMI and family history of diabetes differed in higher- versus lower-income country groups (P for interaction &lt; 0.0001). After adjustment for all risk factors and ethnicity, diabetes prevalences continued to show a gradient (LIC 14.0%, LMIC 10.1%, UMIC 10.9%, and HIC 5.6%).

CONCLUSIONS
Conventional risk factors do not fully account for the higher prevalence of diabetes in LIC countries. These findings suggest that other factors are responsible for the higher prevalence of diabetes in LIC countries.
Effect of the Pores in Porous Rubber on Water Flow at the Contact Area
Authors: Komiyama Takumi , Iwai Tomoaki , Shoukaku Yutaka 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Porous rubber has a higher coefficient of friction on ice than nonporous rubber. Therefore, it is used as the tread rubber for studless winter tires. There are two reasons why porous rubber demonstrates a high coefficient of friction: (1) the modulus of rubber is low at cold temperatures, and (2) the pores that exist on the rubber surface increase the real contact area to absorb water. We have already reported water flow over pore with a diameter of about 1 mm. However, it is said that the smaller the pore diameter, the larger the influence of capillary force.
The influence of capillary force in small pore size is investigated. Furthermore, the pores were made by drilling on the surface of rubber for the frictional experiment. This pore diameter mimicked the pores of porous rubber. Visualization of water flow at these pores and at those of the surface of porous rubber is conducted by “particle tracking velocimetry method.” The total internal reflection method is performed. The contact area is determined by using the difference of the critical angle of each substance: rubber, air, and water.
As a result, it is found that the pores included air at the water lubrication contact area. The absorption of water in the pores is observed in this experiment. The influence of capillary force is also investigated.
Simulation of Rolling Noise Based on the Mixed Lagrangian–Eulerian Method
Authors: Wei Yintao , Feng Xijin , Fuqiang Zhou , Xiang Dabing 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

This article presents a new method for predicting rolling noise, which is an increasingly important subject not only for roads but also for the railway transportation industry and has attracted an increasing amount of attention. Unfortunately, there are no effective numerical methods to analyze and predict rolling noise because of the required solution accuracy. For example, tires are often simplified as shells or rings in rolling noise modelling, lacking the pattern information, and leading to low accuracy. The new method presented in this article is based on the mixed Lagrangian–Eulerian method, which can be used to analyze the velocity field, acceleration field, and contact deformation of rolling contact structures with large deformations. First, two kinds of tire meshes are developed: a Lagrangian mesh for the rolling tire and an Eulerian mesh that is fixed in space and that will be used in the noise simulation. A nonrotational acceleration field is constructed by mapping the acceleration of the Lagrangian mesh onto the Eulerian mesh. Then, using that acceleration field as the acoustic source, the rolling noise can be predicted numerically using the boundary element method. Comparison between the test and simulation results shows that this method provides reasonable predications. The case studies demonstrate that the rolling noise of a tire with a block pattern is mostly caused by the impact vibration of the tire pattern. The method provides a powerful tool for investigating rolling noise, especially for patterned tires.