bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N addition suppresses the performance of grassland caterpillars (Gynaephora alpherakjj) by decreasing ground temperature
Authors: Yang Yangheshan , Xi Xinqiang , Zhong Xintong , Eisenhauer Nico , Sun Shucun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNitrogen deposition may stimulate plant biomass production and improve the quality of plant tissue, with both effects potentially facilitating herbivore growth and development. We hypothesized that simulated N deposition (N addition) would facilitate the growth and development of the grassland caterpillar Gynaephora alpherakjj, a notorious pest species in the alpine Tibetan meadow. We tested this hypothesis in two complementary experiments. The first field experiment tested N (ambient N levels vs. N addition) and caterpillar effects (caterpillar absence vs. presence) on plant community and sedge (major food plant species for caterpillars) biomass, growth, and development rate of the caterpillars, and microhabitat temperature. The second chamber experiment tested N addition effects through plant tissue quality on caterpillar performance. Results show that N addition increased the biomass and leaf N concentration of the sedge species, but decreased the feeding time, growth, and development rate of the caterpillars in the field experiment. The independent chamber experiment showed that increased leaf N facilitated the caterpillar growth and development. These results suggest that the reduced performance of caterpillars was not caused by an N addition‐induced change in food quality. By contrast, N addition significantly reduced the ground surface temperature presumably because of canopy shading, as indicated by increased plant height and biomass in the N addition treatment. A significant quadratic relationship between ground surface temperature and the number of feeding caterpillars in the field experiment explained the difference in feeding time between the N addition and ambient N treatments. It can thus be concluded that N addition reduced caterpillar performance by stimulating plant growth leading to reduced ground surface temperatures, which decreased caterpillar feeding activity. Our results suggest that the effect of N deposition on abiotic factors could be critical to the growth, development, and survival of immobile herbivore species or the individuals at immobile stages that cannot quickly respond to changing microclimatic environments.
Behavior of prostate cancer cells in a nanohydroxyapatite/collagen bone scaffold
Authors: Cruz‐Neves Susana , Ribeiro Nilza , Graça Inês , Jerónimo Carmen , Sousa Susana R. , Monteiro Fernando J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of death among men in Europe and U.S. The metastatic dissemination pattern of PCa is unique, developing bone metastasis as the only site of progression, consequently with a prognosis very poor. The cancer cells interactions within the surrounding bone environment are critical for tumor growth and progression. Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is described to be involved in PCa cells migration and invasion into bone. Three‐dimensional (3D) in vitro systems that are able to closely resemble the in vivo microenvironment are recently taking importance in cancer research. Original nanohydroxyapatite/collagen scaffolds were designed to resemble bone microenvironment in order to be applied as substitutes in bone defects and as potential biomaterials to mimic skeletal tumors. In fact, these 3D structures were cytocompatible and able to support osteoblast (MC3T3‐E1) colonization and to promote bone ingrowth. Additionally, SPARC adsorption onto the scaffolds affected PC3 and LNCaP PCa cell lines behavior. PC3 cells were found to adapt and colonize the scaffolds, differing from LNCaP where cells underwent morphogenic changes and grew as clusters. Furthermore, for the tested SPARC concentration, SPARC plays a role in retaining LNCaP cells at the latter time points while with PC3 cells no significant differences were observed. This characterization study is required to establish a bone model to provide new insights into the poorly understood PCa mechanisms of metastasis to bone and the generation of improved therapies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2035–2046, 2017.
Fluorinated methacrylamide chitosan sequesters reactive oxygen species to relieve oxidative stress while delivering oxygen
Authors: Patil Pritam S. , Leipzig Nic D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAntioxidants play an important role in regulating overabundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) in wound healing to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that functionalization of methacrylamide chitosan (MAC) with aliphatic pentadecafluoro chains, to synthesize pentadecafluoro‐octanoyl methacrylamide chitosan (MACF), enhances the antioxidant capacity of the MAC base hydrogel material, while being able to deliver oxygen for future enhanced wound healing applications. As such, MACF was shown to sequester more nitric oxide (p < 0.01) and hydroxyl (p < 0.0001) radicals as compared to the negative control even when delivering additional oxygen. MACF's beneficial antioxidant capacity was further confirmed in in vitro cell culture experiments using human dermal fibroblasts stressed with 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2368–2374, 2017.
Preparation and chemical characterization of an environmentally‐friendly coal dust cementing agent
Authors: Zhou Gang , Fan Tao , Ma Yunlong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDCoal dust is a major byproduct generated during coal mining production. The diffusion of coal dust not only causes severe environmental pollution, but also poses a serious threat to miners' health. How to provide effective control over coal dust remains one of the key topics of coal mine occupational safety research.RESULTSThe present study is focused on the preparation of an environmentally‐friendly cementing agent applicable to the transportation, stacking and storage of coal. The product is characterized by a combination of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), simultaneous thermal analyzer (TGA‐DSC)and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) so as to analyze the microscopic reaction and structure of the product; single factor experiments focusing on the peeling strength are carried out to determine the optimal synthesis condition.CONCLUSIONA study on the characteristics of the cementing agent produced indicates that it has an effective dust suppression capability and extreme resistance against unfavorable application conditions. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Laryngoscopic and stroboscopic signs in the diagnosis of vocal fold paresis
Authors: Estes Christine , Sadoughi Babak , Mauer Elizabeth , Christos Paul , Sulica Lucian 
Published: March 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo identify strobolaryngoscopic findings significant in the diagnosis of paresis.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsFellowship‐trained laryngologists reviewed 34 videostroboscopic examinations (24 with paresis, eight without paresis, two repeat). They indicated presence or absence of paresis, including side and type, degree of confidence in diagnosis, and ranked clinical findings that influenced diagnosis by order of importance. Fleiss's κ was used to assess inter‐rater agreement for paresis presence, side, and type. Clinical findings compelling in diagnosis were tabulated and described. Confidence levels for side and type were compared by analysis of variance/Kruskal‐Wallis tests and post hoc pairwise comparisons.ResultsThirty‐one laryngologists completed the review. Inter‐rater agreement on presence or absence of paresis was fair at 0.334 (Fleiss's κ). Fourteen examinations were diagnosed with paresis by >70% of raters and considered strong paresis‐candidate exams. Diagnosis of paresis side and type were inconsistent, although with statistically significant differences in confidence ratings (unilateral vs. bilateral, recurrent laryngeal nerve [RLN] vs. superior laryngeal nerve [SLN], RLN vs. mixed RLN/SLN). Laryngoscopic and stroboscopic findings with the strongest association with paresis were vocal fold motion anomalies, vocal fold degeneration, glottic insufficiency, and mucosal wave anomalies.ConclusionsMost laryngologists use strobolaryngoscopy for diagnosis of paresis. Although certain clinical findings were found to be associated with diagnosis, most commonly vocal fold motion anomalies, these varied among raters, especially when determining sidedness and nerve involvement. Future studies should expand the discussion and consideration of strobolaryngoscopic factors and adjunct functional and objective measures to develop a heuristic algorithm for diagnosis of paresis.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:2100–2105, 2017
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Contemporary review and implications for the otolaryngologist
Authors: Stevens Shawn M. , Rizk Habib G. , Golnik Karl , Andaluz Norberto , Samy Ravi N. , Meyer Ted A. , Lambert Paul R. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives1) Review controversies pertaining to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. 2) Discuss the evolving role of otolaryngologists in managing this disease and related disorders.Data SourcesPrimary literature review, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, International Classification of Headache Disorders, Second Edition.MethodsA comprehensive review of the primary literature was performed from 1990 to 2016 utilizing keywords idiopathic intracranial hypertension, pseudotumor cerebri, benign intracranial hypertension, spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak, and encephalocele. Articles were included at the discretion of the authors based on novel and/or historical contributions to the literature.ResultsThe incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension is increasing along with the obesity epidemic. Undiagnosed patients may present to otolaryngologists with pulsatile tinnitus, dizziness, sleep apnea, and spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Although diagnosis is predicated upon imaging findings and lumbar puncture, radiographic signs including empty sella, optic nerve dilation, and globe flattening may suggest the diagnosis. The most effective intervention is weight loss combined with acetazolamide. Surgery is reserved for severe or refractory symptoms and can be highly morbid. Otolaryngologists are increasingly responsible for managing a number of secondary disorders including cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea. Failure to manage intracranial hypertension may lead to adverse surgical outcomes.ConclusionsThe knowledge base for idiopathic intracranial hypertension has greatly expanded over the past 25 years. This disease is associated with a number of conditions directly relevant to otolaryngologists. A keen understanding of this disorder and its management may optimize outcomes in a growing number of patients. Laryngoscope, 128:248–256, 2018
Facets and volume of Gorenstein Fano polytopes
Authors: Hibi Takayuki , Tsuchiya Akiyoshi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIt is known that every integral convex polytope is unimodularly equivalent to a face of some Gorenstein Fano polytope. It is then reasonable to ask whether every normal polytope is unimodularly equivalent to a face of some normal Gorenstein Fano polytope. In the present paper, it is shown that, by giving new classes of normal Gorenstein Fano polytopes, each order polytope as well as each chain polytope of dimension d is unimodularly equivalent to a facet of some normal Gorenstein Fano polytopes of dimension . Furthermore, investigation on combinatorial properties, especially, Ehrhart polynomials and volume of these new polytopes will be achieved. Finally, some curious examples of Gorenstein Fano polytopes will be discovered.
A microstrip coupled‐fed patch antenna with dual‐band and dual‐polarization characteristics
Authors: Wu C.S. , Lu C.L. , Cao W.Q. , Guan D.F. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA microstrip coupled‐fed antenna with dual‐band dual‐mode and dual‐polarization characteristics is proposed in this letter. The antenna consists of two symmetrical rectangular patches as radiators and a microstrip line as coupled feeding structure. TM01 mode and TM10 mode of rectangular patch can be excited simultaneously at different frequencies for different polarizations. The proposed antenna is designed, fabricated and tested. The proposed antenna resonates at 4.3 and 5.4 GHz which are allocated for navigational applications. The measured −10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of the two modes are 60 MHz in lower frequency band and 140 MHz in upper frequency band for horizontal and vertical polarizations, respectively. Radiation patterns at two resonant frequencies are measured and compared to simulation results. The proposed antenna has advantages of simple structure, low cross polarization and low cost. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1065–1068, 2017
A flush‐mounted monopolar patch antenna for UAV applications
Authors: Tak Jinpil , Choi Jaehoon 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA flush‐mounted monopolar patch antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications is proposed. To establish vertical monopole‐like radiation characteristics with a low‐profile on the fuselage of a UAV, a TM21 higher‐order mode circular patch antenna (HMCPA) was proposed. For practical installation on the UAV, the HMCPA was embedded into a round recess within the UAV fuselage and was covered by a 3D printed radome with polycarbonate nuts and bolts. The flush‐mounted HMCPA had an aperture radius of only 0.23 λ0 and a height of 0.02 λ0 at 700 MHz. To verify the practicability and performance of the antenna, characteristics of the proposed HMCPA were compared with those of a λ0/4 monopole via simulation. Additionally, antenna performance was analyzed when attached to a full scale UAV model. The proposed HMCPA featured monopole‐like radiation characteristics with a low‐profile at 700 MHz. The measured fractional −10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth and peak gain were 6.46% and 1.86 dBi, respectively. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1202–1207, 2017
L‐band dissipative soliton resonance fiber laser based on nonlinear amplification loop mirror
Authors: Li Yun , Yi Zhiqiang , Liu Peng , Gao Mingyu , Wang Tianshu 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA kind of L‐band dissipative soliton resonance ring erbium‐doped fiber laser based on nonlinear amplifying loop mirror is proposed. In the experiment, a 10 m long erbium‐doped fiber is pumped by a 980 nm semiconductor laser. The stable dissipative soliton resonance square wave pulses are observed at room temperature by adjusting the fiber polarization controller. With the increasing of the pump power, pulse width is gradually broadened. Pumping power increased from 100 to 700 mW, corresponding pulse width obtained from 700 ps to 3.7 ns. The single pulse energy is increased from 5.2 to 27.4 nJ, which shows the fiber laser has a good stability. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1194–1197, 2017
Complementary proteomic approaches reveal mitochondrial dysfunction, immune and inflammatory dysregulation in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness
Authors: Zakirova Zuchra , Reed Jon , Crynen Gogce , Horne Lauren , Hassan Samira , Mathura Venkatarajan , Mullan Michael , Crawford Fiona , Ait‐Ghezala Ghania 
Published: March 2017

PurposeLong‐term consequences of combined pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and permethrin (PER) exposure in C57BL6/J mice using a well‐characterized mouse model of exposure to these Gulf War (GW) agents were explored at the protein level.Experimental designWe used orthogonal proteomic approaches to identify pathways that are chronically impacted in the mouse CNS due to semiacute GW agent exposure early in life. These analyses were performed on soluble and membrane‐bound protein fractions from brain samples using two orthogonal isotopic labeling LC‐MS/MS proteomic approaches—stable isotope dimethyl labeling and iTRAQ.ResultsThe use of these approaches allowed for greater coverage of proteins than was possible by either one alone and revealed both distinct and overlapping datasets. This combined analysis identified changes in several mitochondrial, as well as immune and inflammatory pathways after GW agent exposure.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe work discussed here provides insight into GW agent exposure dependent mechanisms that adversely affect mitochondrial function and immune and inflammatory regulation. Collectively, our work identified key pathways which were chronically impacted in the mouse CNS following acute GW agent exposure, this may lead to the identification of potential targets for therapeutic intervention in the future.Long‐term consequences of combined PB and PER exposure in C57BL6/J mice using a well‐characterized mouse model of exposure to these GW agents were explored at the protein level. Expanding on earlier work, we used orthogonal proteomic approaches to identify pathways that are chronically impacted in the mouse CNS due to semiacute GW agent exposure early in life. These analyses were performed on soluble and membrane‐bound protein fractions from brain samples using two orthogonal isotopic labeling LC‐MS/MS proteomic approaches—stable isotope dimethyl labeling and iTRAQ. The use of these approaches allowed for greater coverage of proteins than was possible by either one alone and revealed both distinct and overlapping datasets. This combined analysis identified changes in several mitochondrial, as well as immune and inflammatory pathways after GW agent exposure. The work discussed here provides insight into GW agent exposure dependent mechanisms that adversely affect mitochondrial function and immune and inflammatory regulation at 5 months postexposure to PB + PER.
Intramolecular Charge Transfer: Mechanism Behind Cyanide Anion Sensing of 3,5‐Diformyl–borondipyrromethene
Authors: Bhat Haamid R. , Jha Prakash C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of fluorescent chemosensors has remained a focus for most of the studies, but detailed mechanisms of sensing are still lacking. Density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent‐density functional theory (TD‐DFT) methods have been utilized to investigate the cyanide anion sensing mechanism of 3,5‐diformyl‐borondipyrromethene (1). The natural charges on carbons of the formyl groups of 1 indicate that these carbons are prone to nucleophilic addition. The analysis of the frontier molecular orbitals designates the first excited state (S1) of 1 as a local excited state with π → σ* transition. Likewise, S1 of 2 (the cyano form of 1) is a charge separated state, showing intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) which is responsible for inducing the fluorescence quenching in 2.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Wrapped Si/C Assembled on 3D N‐Doped Carbon Foam as Binder‐Free Anode for Enhanced Lithium Storage
Authors: Tao Huachao , Zhu Shouchao , Xiong Lingyun , Zhang Lulu , Yang Xuelin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) and flexible N‐doped carbon (NC) foam was prepared by the carbonization of low‐cost and commercial melamine foam. Flexible reduced graphene oxide wrapped Si/C assembled on N‐doped carbon (Si/C/RGO/NC) foam was further prepared by the pyrolysis of the Si/polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide coated on the melamine foam. The polyvinyl alcohol enhances the bonding strength of Si and melamine, which ensures the uniform distribution of Si in the 3D NC foam after the pyrolysis process. The NC foam and composited reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in the electrode as continuous conductive frameworks and elastic matrix can maintain the structural integrity, improve electron and ion transport and accommodate the severe volume change of Si‐based electrode. Double carbon layers (amorphous carbon and RGO) coated Si core can effectively protect the Si core and avoid the direct contact between Si and electrolyte. The flexible 3D Si/C/RGO/NC foam with ∼40 wt% Si as freestanding anode for lithium ion batteries exhibits a high reversible capacity of 740 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and 314 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1 (based on the weight of the composite), along with excellent rate capability and cycling stability.
Ice flux evolution in fast flowing areas of the Greenland ice sheet over the 20th and 21st centuries
Authors: PEANO DANIELE , COLLEONI FLORENCE , QUIQUET AURÉLIEN , MASINA SIMONA 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the evolution of Greenland ice sheet flux focusing on five of the main fast flowing regions (Petermann glacier, North East Greenland Ice Stream, Kangerdlugssuaq glacier, Helheim glacier and Jakobshavn glacier) in response to 20th and 21st century climate change. A hybrid (shallow ice and shallow shelf) ice-sheet model (ISM) is forced with the combined outputs of a set of seven CMIP5 models and the regional climate model MAR. The ISM simulates the present-day ice velocity pattern, topography and surface mass balance (SMB) in good agreement with observations. Except for the Kangerdlugssuaq glacier, over the 21st century all the fast-flowing areas have exhibited a decrease in ice flux as a result of a negative SMB rather than dynamical changes. Only the fronts of Kangerdlugssuaq and Helheim glaciers have shown an interannual variability driven by dynamical rather than climate changes. Finally, the results predict a substantial inland ice margin retreat by the end of the 21st century, especially along the northern coasts.
Brain volume changes over the first year of treatment in schizophrenia: relationships to antipsychotic treatment
Authors: Emsley R. , Asmal L. , du Plessis S. , Chiliza B. , Phahladira L. , Kilian S. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundProgressive brain volume reductions have been described in schizophrenia, and an association with antipsychotic exposure has been reported.MethodsWe compared percentage changes in grey and white matter volume from baseline to month 12 in 23 previously antipsychotic-naïve patients with a first episode of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder who were treated with the lowest effective dose of flupenthixol decanoate depot formulation, with 53 matched healthy individuals. Total antipsychotic dose was precisely calculated and its relationship with brain volume changes investigated. Relationships between volumetric changes and treatment were further investigated in terms of treatment response (changes in psychopathology and functionality) and treatment-related adverse-events (extrapyramidal symptoms and weight gain).ResultsExcessive cortical volume reductions were observed in patients [−4.6 (6.6)%] v. controls [−1.12 (4.0)%] (p = 0.009), with no significant group differences for changes in subcortical grey matter and white matter volumes. In a multiple regression model, the only significant predictor of cortical volume change was total antipsychotic dose received (p = 0.04). Cortical volume change was not significantly associated with the changes in psychopathology, functionality, extrapyramidal symptoms and body mass index or age, gender and duration of untreated psychosis.ConclusionsBrain volume reductions associated with antipsychotic treatment are not restricted to poor outcome patients and occur even with the lowest effective dose of antipsychotic. The lack of an association with poor treatment response or treatment-related adverse effects counts against cortical volume reductions reflecting neurotoxicity, at least in the short term. On the other hand, the volume reductions were not linked to the therapeutic benefits of antipsychotics.