bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Studies of Three Dimensional Graphene Foam as an Electrode Material
Authors: Zhao Daoli , Zhang Lu , Siebold David , DeArmond Derek , Alvarez Noe T. , Shanov Vesselin N. , Heineman William R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGraphene foam is one kind of network of three dimensional (3D) graphene, which inherits the properties of two dimensional graphene and overcomes the aggregation/stacking of graphene sheets. In this work, graphene foam has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. A graphene foam electrode was evaluated as a new electrode material by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and used for the detection of trace level of Pb2+ by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Under the optimized condition of deposition potential (‐1.2 V) and deposition time (2 min), the detection limit is estimated to be 40 nM for Pb2+ based on the 3σ method.
Refractory Materials for Energy Applications
Authors: Antusch Steffen , Reiser Jens , Hoffmann Jan , Onea Alexandru 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe most extensively used refractory metals are tungsten, tantalum, niobium, rhenium, unalloyed molybdenum and its principal alloy, TZM. All of them are characterised by their extremely high melting point above 2000 °C (2273 K) and high hardness at room temperature. They are used in demanding applications that require high‐temperature strength and corrosion resistance, for example, wire filaments, casting moulds and chemical reaction vessels in corrosive environments. This contribution is focused on tungsten and new tungsten materials. The intrinsic problems of these materials, that is, their brittleness (even at elevated temperatures), thermal load capacity, heat conductivity, recrystallization, irradiation damage and specific defect processes, such as helium bubbles, swelling, new kinds of surface reactions, crack formation, brittle‐to‐ductile transition and tritium retention, require the development and assessment of new tungsten materials, and also new fabrication routes and processes.
Lentic, lotic, and sulfate-dependent waterborne selenium screening guidelines for freshwater systems
Authors: DeForest David K. , Brix Kevin V. , Elphick James R. , Rickwood Carrie J. , deBruyn Adrian M.H. , Tear Lucinda M. , Gilron Guy , Hughes Sarah A. , Adams William J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

There is consensus that fish are the most sensitive aquatic organisms to selenium (Se) and that Se concentrations in fish tissue are the most reliable indicators of potential toxicity. Differences in Se speciation, biological productivity, Se concentration, and parameters that affect Se bioavailability (e.g., sulfate) may influence the relationship between Se concentrations in water and fish tissue. It is desirable to identify environmentally protective waterborne Se guidelines that, if not exceeded, reduce the need to directly measure Se concentrations in fish tissue. Three factors that should currently be considered in developing waterborne Se screening guidelines are 1) differences between lotic and lentic sites, 2) the influence of exposure concentration on Se partitioning among compartments, and 3) the influence of sulfate on selenate bioavailability. Colocated data sets of Se concentrations in 1) water and particulates, 2) particulates and invertebrates, and 3) invertebrates and fish tissue were compiled; and a quantile regression approach was used to derive waterborne Se screening guidelines. Use of a regression-based approach for describing relationships in Se concentrations between compartments reduces uncertainty associated with selection of partitioning factors that are generally not constant over ranges of exposure concentrations. Waterborne Se screening guidelines of 6.5 and 3.0 μg/L for lotic and lentic water bodies were derived, and a sulfate-based waterborne Se guideline equation for selenate-dominated lotic waters was also developed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2503–2513. © 2017 SETAC
Harmonious coexistence solution between stand‐alone LTE and WiFi in unlicensed band
Authors: Wang Jiang , Du Jinling , Xu Jing , Wu Haoran 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo fulfill the large spectrum requirements in the 5th‐Generation (5G) systems. The Third‐Generation Partnership Project has defined licensed assisted access (LAA) to extend its spectrum pool to unlicensed band. However, for these operators without licensed spectrum (eg, virtual operators), stand‐alone Long‐Term Evolution (LTE) in unlicensed band may be a more appealing choice since LAA is only suitable to these operators who have their licensed spectrum. Similar to LAA, fair coexistence between stand‐alone LTE system and other systems (eg, Wireless Fidelity [WiFi]) in unlicensed spectrum is also the dominated problem that should be solved. In this paper, 1 approach on stand‐alone LTE system in unlicensed spectrum is proposed. The proposed solution is based on adaptive power and bandwidth adjustment to guarantee the fair coexistence between stand‐alone LTE system and WiFi. The coexistence evaluation results between them indicate that the proposed one can improve the whole system throughput significantly and meanwhile the performance of WiFi is also guaranteed.
Unified analysis of energy harvesting–based MIMO relay wireless systems over Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Le Ngoc Phuc , Vo Nguyen‐Son , Hoang Minh‐Tiep , Tran Duc‐Dung 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we consider two‐hop multi‐input multi‐output relay wireless systems with energy harvesting. In each hop, transmit antenna selection/receive antenna selection, transmit antenna selection/maximum ratio combining, or maximum ratio transmission/receive antenna selection is used. Also, an energy‐constrained relay harvests energy from the source via either a time switching–based relaying protocol or a power splitting–based relaying protocol. We perform unified analysis of the systems over Nakagami‐m fading channels. Specifically, we derive exact closed form expressions for ergodic capacity and throughput (for delay‐tolerant transmission mode) and outage probability and throughput (for delay‐limited transmission). Optimal energy‐harvesting time (in time switching–based relaying protocol–based system) and optimal power‐splitting ratio (in power splitting–based relaying protocol–based system) to achieve maximum throughput at high signal‐to‐noise‐ratio are also determined. Moreover, we derive an exact closed form expression for the bit error rate, which facilitates the evaluation of the system performance. Impacts of various multi‐input multi‐output processing schemes, numbers of equipped antennas, energy‐harvesting mechanisms, and transmission modes on the system performance are also examined and discussed. All theoretical analyses are corroborated by simulations.
Forecasting US interest rates and business cycle with a nonlinear regime switching VAR model
Authors: Nyberg Henri 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper introduces a regime switching vector autoregressive model with time‐varying regime probabilities, where the regime switching dynamics is described by an observable binary response variable predicted simultaneously with the variables subject to regime changes. Dependence on the observed binary variable distinguishes the model from various previously proposed multivariate regime switching models, facilitating a handy simulation‐based multistep forecasting method. An empirical application shows a strong bidirectional predictive linkage between US interest rates and NBER business cycle recession and expansion periods. Due to the predictability of the business cycle regimes, the proposed model yields superior out‐of‐sample forecasts of the US short‐term interest rate and the term spread compared with the linear and nonlinear vector autoregressive (VAR) models, including the Markov switching VAR model.
The enigmatic oncogene and tumor suppressor‐like properties of RAD54B: Insights into genome instability and cancer
Authors: McAndrew Erin N. , McManus Kirk J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOne of the major challenges to the cell is to ensure genome stability, which can be compromised through endogenous errors or exogenous DNA damaging agents, such as ionizing radiation or common chemotherapeutic agents. To maintain genome stability the cell has a multifaceted line of defense, including cell cycle checkpoints and DNA damage repair pathways. RAD54B is involved in many of these pathways and thus exhibits a role in maintaining and repairing genome stability following DNA damage. RAD54B is involved in cell cycle regulation after DNA damage and participates in homologous recombinational repair, which ensures the precise repair of the most deleterious DNA lesions, double‐stranded breaks. This review focuses on structural aspects of RAD54B, molecular functions associated with its cellular roles in preventing genome instability, and how aberrant function contributes to oncogenesis. By understanding how aberrant RAD54B expression and/or function can contribute to oncogenesis, novel therapeutic approaches that specifically exploit these aberrant genetics are now being explored for precision medicine targeting. RAD54B represents an ideal candidate for synthetic genetic therapeutic approaches (synthetic dosage lethality or synthetic lethality), which are designed to target the specific genetics associated with cancer formation. These therapeutic approaches represent a precision‐based approach, which is ideal as we are now entering the era of precision medicine.
The spectrum of BRCA mutations and characteristics of BRCA‐associated breast cancers in China: Screening of 2,991 patients and 1,043 controls by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Lang Guan‐Tian , Shi Jin‐Xiu , Hu Xin , Zhang Chen‐Hui , Shan Ling , Song Chuan‐Gui , Zhuang Zhi‐Gang , Cao A‐Yong , Ling Hong , Yu Ke‐Da , Li Shan , Sun Meng‐Hong , Zhou Xiao‐Yan , Huang Wei , Shao Zhi‐Ming 
Published: March 2017

To characterize the prevalence of BRCA mutations and characteristics of BRCA carriers in China and to update the clinical recommendations for BRCA testing, we conducted a wide screen for BRCA mutations using next‐generation sequencing (NGS). A total of 4,034 Chinese subjects were screened for germline BRCA1/2 mutations, including 2,991 breast cancer patients and 1,043 healthy individuals from the community enrolled as controls. We developed an NGS‐based approach to perform BRCA1/2 screening. BRCA mutations were identified in 9.1% (232/2,560) of cases with at least one risk factor, in 3.5% (15/431) of sporadic patients and in 0.38% (4/1,043) of healthy controls. The mutation frequency ranged from 8.9 to 15.2% in cohorts with a single risk factor to 16.6–100% in groups with multiple risk factors. We identified 70 novel BRCA mutations. A high frequency of BRCA1 c.5470_5477del was detected, accounting for 13.9% (16/115) of the BRCA1 mutations detected in our study. Clinical characteristics such as family history, invasive carcinoma, negative human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), high Ki67 index, lymph node status, and high tumour grade were closely related to BRCA mutations. BRCA2 carriers had poorer disease‐free survival among HER2‐ or hormone receptor‐positive patients (hazard ratio = 1.892; 95% confidence interval: 1.132–3.161; p = 0.013). This study shows that BRCA mutation carriers could be frequently identified among breast cancer patients with multiple risk factors. Importantly, we established an NGS‐based pipeline for BRCA1/2 testing in clinical practice and strongly suggest that breast cancer patients of premier‐ and moderate‐grade risks receive BRCA1/2 mutations testing in China.
The utility of salivary testosterone and cortisol concentration measures for assessing the stress responses of junior athletes during a sporting competition
Authors: Crewther Blair T. , Obmiński Zbigniew , Orysiak Joanna , Al‐Dujaili Emad A. S. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThis study examined the utility of salivary testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) concentration measures for assessing the acute stress responses of junior athletes during a sporting competition.MethodsPaired capillary blood and saliva samples were taken from 71 junior athletes (45 males, 26 females) before and after a simulated Olympic weightlifting competition. The concentration measures of salivary T and C were referenced against blood total T (TT) and C (TC) concentrations. All hormones were tested by immunoassay.ResultsThe competition promoted an increase in the blood TT concentrations of the male (10.1%±18.7%) and female (12.9%±19.9%) athletes (P<.05), with TC also rising in females (37.5%±69%) and tending to increase in males (23.2%±56.1%). No significant changes in salivary T or C were identified. Locally‐weighted regression revealed that salivary T was strongly related to blood TT in males (r2=.84), but not females (r2=−.15), whereas salivary C was moderately related to blood TC in both sexes (r2=.43, r2=.48), respectively.ConclusionsA short, high‐intensity competition promoted a predictable stress‐induced rise in blood TT and TC concentrations. We observed no hormonal stress responses in saliva under the current format, which could be explained by individual variability and blood‐saliva differences in hormone kinetics. Still, the salivary T and C measures did show a moderate to strong ability to track individual blood TT (males only) and TC (both sexes) concentrations in a young athletic cohort across a broad physiological range. Recommendations for researchers and practitioners are presented.
Self‐assembled metalloporphyrins–inorganic hybrid flowers and their application to efficient epoxidation of olefins
Authors: He Xiaohui , Chen Long , He Qian , Xiao Huajian , Zhou Xiantai , Ji Hongbing 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDVarious proteins or enzymes were employed as organic components to form hybrid flowers, and they exhibited excellent properties in catalysis, adsorption, and sensing. However, there is no previous report of metalloporphyrins‐based hybrid flowers. Based on the importance of metalloporphyrins in catalytic reactions, metalloporphyrins–copper phosphate hybrid flowers were prepared and their catalytic performance in epoxidation reactions was evaluated.RESULTSThe composition, morphology, and crystallite structure of the hybrid flowers strongly depended on the incubation time (0.1–72 h) and concentration of metalloporphyrins in the mother liquor (0–47 µg mL−1). In comparison with the free metalloporphyrins, the hybrid flowers exhibited enhanced stability without any decrease in the catalytic activity. Moreover, the activity was linearly correlated with the surface content of metalloporphyrins which indicated that the metalloporphyrins on the surface were the key active species. Furthermore, the hybrid flowers showed good compatibility with a wide range of solvents and substrates.CONCLUSIONThe mechanism of formation of the hybrid flowers was proposed that involves four major successive steps: coordination, nucleation, formation, and growth. The catalytic results suggest that well‐designed hybrid materials with hierarchical nano‐structures and metalloporphyrins as organic component would be potential candidates for industrial catalysis applications. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Improved capacity to evaluate changes in intestinal mucosal surface area using mathematical modeling
Authors: Greig Chasen J. , Cowles Robert A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractQuantification of intestinal mucosal growth typically relies on morphometric parameters, commonly villus height, as a surrogate for presumed changes in mucosal surface area (MSA). We hypothesized that using mathematical modeling based on multiple unique measurements would improve discrimination of the effects of interventions on MSA compared to standard measures. To determine the ability of mathematical modeling to resolve differences in MSA, a mouse model with enhanced serotonin (5HT) signaling known to stimulate mucosal growth was used. 5‐HT signaling is potentiated by targeting the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) molecule. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor‐treated wild‐type (WT‐SSRI), SERT‐knockout (SERTKO), and wild‐type C57Bl/6 (WT) mice were used. Distal ileal sections were H&E‐stained. Villus height (VH), width (VW), crypt width (CW), and bowel diameter were used to calculate surface area enlargement factor (SEF) and MSA. VH alone for SERTKO and SSRI was significantly increased compared to WT, without a difference between SERTKO and WT‐SSRI. VW and CW were significantly decreased for both SERTKO and WT‐SSRI compared to WT, and VW for WT‐SSRI was also decreased compared to SERTKO. These changes increased SEF and MSA for SERTKO and WT‐SSRI compared to WT. Additionally, SEF and MSA were significantly increased for WT‐SSRI compared to SERTKO. Mathematical modeling provides a valuable tool for differentiating changes in intestinal MSA. This more comprehensive assessment of surface area does not appear to correlate linearly with standard morphometric measures and represents a more comprehensive method for discriminating between therapies aimed at increasing functional intestinal mucosa.
An analysis of the performance of RCMs in simulating current climate over western Canada
Authors: Barrow Elaine M. , Sauchyn David J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe performance of eight National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP2) reanalysis‐driven regional climate models (RCMs), seven from the North American Regional Climate Change Program (NARCCAP) and one from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), in simulating the 1980–2004 climate of western Canada was assessed at a number of spatial and temporal scales. Results indicated that the RCMs were more successful at capturing the seasonal spatial distribution of mean temperature than precipitation and that inaccuracies in the spatial distribution of the summer climate moisture index were likely due to the errors in precipitation distribution and amount. All RCMs performed less well in simulating summer precipitation, most likely due to continued problems with the simulation of convective precipitation.At the grid box scale, quantile–quantile (q–q) plots for temperature indicated that all RCMs showed very similar distributions to observed but with warm or cold biases, and errors in the simulation of a number of temperature‐based extremes indices were related to these biases. For precipitation, q–q plots indicated that most RCMs overestimated precipitation totals, and while tending to follow the observed quantiles at smaller precipitation amounts, they diverged at larger precipitation totals. Performance in simulating the precipitation‐based extremes indices depended largely on whether or not a RCM over‐ or under‐estimated precipitation totals – with those RCMs simulating too much precipitation underestimating the number of consecutive dry days and dry day persistence, and vice versa.Despite improvements in RCM resolution and parameterisation schemes, this work indicates that the simulation of precipitation in particular is still problematic in western Canada. This implies that scenarios of climate change constructed from RCM output require some form of bias correction to be of most use in impacts studies.
High‐resolution regional‐coupled ocean–atmosphere simulation of the Indian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Misra Vasubandhu , Mishra Akhilesh , Bhardwaj Amit 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA 23‐year integration of a Regional‐Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model (RCOAM) centred over the Indian monsoon region is validated with observations and analysis for its seasonal climatology, evolution, and variability at intraseasonal and interannual scales. The RCOAM has the Regional Spectral Model (RSM) as its atmospheric component and Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) as its oceanic component. They are both coupled at 15 km grid spacing with identical grids, without applying any form of flux correction and are forced with global fields of atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis. The verification indicates that the RCOAM simulation simulates the mean Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) rainfall climatology and SST in the neighbouring oceans reasonably well with finer details apparent along the orography (e.g. Western Ghats, Himalaya) and along the upwelling regions of the coastal oceans. In addition the evolution of the ISM at its onset and its devolution around the time of demise in the RCOAM simulation both in the atmosphere and the ocean conform to its well known features and reinforce the coupled ocean–atmosphere phenomenon of the ISM. The intraseasonal variations in the RCOAM simulation also adhere to the observed composite of dry and wet spells of the ISM, with the low‐level flow in the latter (former) counteracting (enhancing) the low‐level atmospheric ISM climatological flow. The interannual variations in relation to the remote ENSO variations are also validated with respect to the observations. It is also shown that the variations of the length of the ISM to the seasonal anomalies of the ISM both in the RCOAM simulation and observations is largely a result of the ENSO teleconnection. However, significant systematic bias in surface fluxes, cloud fraction, SST, and precipitation of the RCOAM simulation of the ISM is also noted.
Dietary exposure to acrylamide from cafeteria foods in Jeddah schools and associated risk assessment
Authors: El Tawila Mahmoud M , Al‐Ansari Ahmed M , Alrasheedi Amani A , Neamatallah Abdulateef A 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcrylamide (AA) is a carcinogenic and genotoxic food contaminant produced at high temperatures in foods that are rich in carbohydrates. Foods sold in schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, are among such carbohydrate‐rich foods produced at high cooking temperatures. It is crucial to determine the importance of AA exposure with respect to cafeteria foods and assess the associated risks.RESULTSThe highest mean AA level was measured in chocolate pies (439 µg kg−1), followed by custard pies (435 µg kg−1) and cheese pies (432 µg kg−1). The average and 95th percentile values of AA exposure were 0.51 and 1.17 [µg kg−1 body weight (BW) school day−1]. The average exposure significantly decreased with an increase in age, from 0.65 (µg kg−1 BW school day−1) in primary school students to 0.37 in secondary school students. Cheese and chocolate pies are the main contributors in AA intake. The contributions of cheese and chocolate pies to the average exposure among primary, middle and secondary school students were 23.1%, 24.7% and 29.4% and 16.9%, 12.1% and 11.9%, respectively. Other products with significant contributions included cheese sandwiches (10.8%, 8.9% and 12.7%), plain cookies (7.7%, 5.6% and 6.7%) and custard pies (7.7%, 4.8% and 8.9%). Other cafeteria products contributed to AA exposure at much lower percentages.CONCLUSIONThe calculated margins of exposure (MOEs) for the average [356 and 614 for both benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) 0.18 and 0.31 mg kg−1 BW day−1] and 95th percentile AA exposure values (154 and 265 for both BMDL 0.18 and 0.31 mg kg−1 BW day−1) suggest that there is a health concern with respect to school‐aged students. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry