bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subtype-specific neurons from patient iPSCs display distinct neuropathological features of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Tao Ran , Yue Chunmei , Guo Zhijie , Guo Wenke , Yao Yao , Yang Xianfa , Shao Zhen , Gao Chao , Ding Jianqing , Shen Lu , Chen Shengdi , Jing Naihe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by massive neuronal loss in the brain. Both cortical glutamatergic neurons and basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) in the AD brain are selectively vulnerable. The degeneration and dysfunction of these two subtypes of neurons are closely associated with the cognitive decline of AD patients. The determination of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis, especially in the early stage, will largely facilitate the understanding of this disease and the development of proper intervention strategies. However, due to the inaccessibility of living neurons in the brains of patients, it remains unclear how cortical glutamatergic neurons and BFCNs respond to pathological stress in the early stage of AD. In this study, we established in vitro differentiation systems that can efficiently differentiate patient-derived iPSCs into BFCNs. We found that AD-BFCNs secreted less Aβ peptide than cortical glutamatergic neurons did, even though the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was comparable to that of cortical glutamatergic neurons. To further mimic the neurotoxic niche in AD brain, we treated iPSC-derived neurons with Aβ42 oligomer (AβO). BFCNs are less sensitive to AβO induced tau phosphorylation and expression than cortical glutamatergic neurons. However, AβO could trigger apoptosis in both AD-cortical glutamatergic neurons and AD-BFCNs. In addition, AD iPSC-derived BFCNs and cortical glutamatergic neurons exhibited distinct electrophysiological firing patterns and elicited different responses to AβO treatment. These observations revealed that subtype-specific neurons display distinct neuropathological changes during the progression of AD, which might help to understand AD pathogenesis at the cellular level.
Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Circular Columns Subjected to Double Curvature Buckling Moment
Authors: Hamoda Ahmed , Fayed Sabry , Mansour Walid , Emara Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates experimentally and numerically structural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) circular column under double curvature buckling moment. RC circular columns are popularity embraced in RC structures not only owing to its esthetic, attractive appearance and easy for construction, but also for its better contribution for stress resistance. However, the corner or edge columns may be exposed to edge moment (EM) transferred from beam–column joint with double curvature effect. The current investigation proposes to understand the structural exhibition of such columns subjected to double curvature buckling edge moment generated at beam–column joint considering some parameters. A total number of 11 full-scale RC circular columns were constructed, installed, and then tested up to failure studying four parameters. These parameters were: clear height-to-diameter ratio (λ), longitudinal and lateral steel ratios (μ and ρ, respectively) and concrete type. The λ ratio has been introduced with: 4.89, 4.51 and 4.14. The μ ratio has been presented by: 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.6%, and 3.1%, while the ρ ratio was employed with: 0.84%, 0.93%, 1.00% and 1.18%. Three concrete types were studied; one of them was normal concrete (NC), while the other ones were high-performance concretes (HPCs) which were engineered cementitious composite (ECC) and high-strength fiber reinforced concrete (HSFRC). Experimental outcomes revealed that all studied parameters could affect and upgrade the structural performance; however, both longitudinal reinforcement and height-to-diameter ratio provided significant enhancement (about 51%–64%). Parallel to those exploited experimentally, nonlinear three-dimensional finite element models (FEMs) were installed, executed and established considering experimental outcomes producing an acceptable model with an under/over-estimation of about 4%.
Stirring the hydrogen and butanol production from Enset fiber via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process
Authors: Seid Nebyat , Wießner Lea , Aliyu Habibu , Neumann Anke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnset fiber is a promising feedstock for biofuel production with the potential to reduce carbon emissions and improve the sustainability of the energy system. This study aimed to maximize hydrogen and butanol production from Enset fiber through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process in bottles as well as in bioreactor. The SSF process in bottles resulted in a higher butanol concentration of 11.36 g/L with a yield of 0.23 g/g and a productivity of 0.16 g/(L h) at the optimal process parameters of 5% (w/v) substrate loading, 16 FPU/g cellulase loading, and 100 rpm agitation speed from pretreated Enset fiber. Moreover, a comparable result to the bottle experiment was observed in the bioreactor with pH-uncontrolled SSF process, although with a decreased in butanol productivity to 0.095 g/(L h). However, using the pre-hydrolysis simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF) process in the bioreactor with a 7% (w/v) substrate loading led to the highest butanol concentration of 12.84 g/L with a productivity of 0.104 g/(L h). Furthermore, optimizing the SSF process parameters to favor hydrogen resulted in an increased hydrogen yield of 198.27 mL/g-Enset fiber at atmospheric pressure, an initial pH of 8.0, and 37 °C. In general, stirring the SSF process to shift the product ratio to either hydrogen or butanol was possible by adjusting temperature and pressure. At 37 °C and atmospheric pressure, the process resulted in an e-mol yield of 12% for hydrogen and 38% for butanol. Alternatively, at 30 °C and 0.55 bar overpressure, the process achieved a yield of 6% e-mol of hydrogen and 48% e-mol of butanol. This is the first study to produce hydrogen and butanol from Enset fiber using the SSF process and contributes to the development of a circular bioeconomy.
Graphical Abstract
Utility of the AngelMed Guardian System in myocardial bridging: a case report
Authors: Rao Lakshmi , Chadha Arjun , Rao Anila , Khandavalli Anurag , Rao Surya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Myocardial bridging (MB) is a known congenital anomaly in which a segment of the coronary artery transverses from the epicardium through the myocardium. MB may clinically manifest as recurrent angina, acute coronary syndrome, ventricular dysrhythmia, and even sudden cardiac death. On electrocardiogram (EKG), MB can present with findings consistent with significant ST-segment changes. The AngelMed Guardian System (the Guardian device) was developed in an effort to optimize the time from the onset of myocardial ischemia to intervention. The device analyzes myocardial electrical changes and alerts the patient to seek emergent medical evaluation if an acute ST-segment deviation is detected. We describe the first documented case of the Guardian device detecting acute ST-segment changes secondary to myocardial bridging.

Case Presentation
A 50-year-old male, with a history of percutaneous coronary intervention of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery, presented to his cardiologist’s office with reports of recurrent, atypical chest pain. The Guardian device was implanted. One month after implantation, the patient experienced chest pain and was alerted by the Guardian device to seek emergent medical evaluation. Initial EKG and high-sensitivity troponins were negative for acute ischemia. Guardian device interrogation revealed significant ST depressions, encouraging further ischemic evaluation. The exercise myocardial perfusion imaging revealed an apical reversible defect. Left heart catheterization revealed a large segment of mid-LAD MB with the patient’s previous LAD stent noted to be widely patent along with no evidence of new obstructive coronary disease. Following the identification of the MB, medication regimen adjusted and the patient denied recurrence of chest pain or Guardian alerts.

Conclusions
We describe the first documented case of the Guardian device detecting acute ST-segment changes that were secondary to myocardial bridging. The Guardian device appropriately documented an ischemic event not appreciated with initial EKG or troponin testing. With the assistance of the Guardian device, we were able to rapidly identify MB as the cause for the ischemic EKG changes and subsequent abnormal stress test, optimize medical management, and prevent recurrent atypical chest pain along with office and hospital visits.
Bully victimization and self-esteem among students with communication disorders
Authors: Mawlod Khaleel S. , Kakamd Karwan K. , Jubraeel Aween Salman , Ahmed Jaafar Omer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Bullying is a universal problem among school-aged adolescents, characterized by recurrent and destructive behavior toward peers. Bullying victimization has a strong impact on self-esteem. Students diagnosed with communication disorders are more likely to experience low self-esteem. The study’s main goal is to detect a correlation between victimization and self-esteem in teenage students diagnosed with communication disorders.

Methods
From October 2023 to March 2024, we conducted this cross-sectional study in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The study included 150 teenage students of both genders diagnosed with communication disorders. Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale was used to measure self-esteem, and the multidimensional peer victimization scale was used to measure bullying victimization. We analyzed the data using independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and simple linear regression analysis.

Results
This study found that students with communication disorders experience high levels of bullying victimization (M = 18.63) and report low self-esteem (M = 13.56). A significant negative correlation was observed between bullying victimization and self-esteem (r2 = 0.21), indicating that bullying accounts for 21% of the variance in self-esteem. Male students were more likely to experience higher levels of bullying victimization and lower self-esteem compared to female students.

Conclusion
The study determined the severe impact of bullying on the self-esteem of adolescent students with communication disorders, particularly among males and those with stuttering. The long-term effects of bullying and potential protective factors that could mitigate its impact on self-esteem require further research.
The expert witness: a brief evolutionary history
Authors: Biswas Asit B. , Casey Patricia 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYIn legal parlance, a ‘witness’ must have personal knowledge of the facts that form the basis of their inference or opinion. However, unlike an ordinary or a professional witness, an expert witness can provide opinion evidence, an exception to this doctrine. The evolution of the role of an expert witness or a skilled witness (in Scotland) is outlined in this clinical reflection.
Real-World Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients With Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Who Received Pembrolizumab
Authors: Jayan Athira , Sukumar Jasmine S. , Fangman Benjamin , Patel Tejal , Raghavendra Akshara Singareeka , Liu Diane , Pasyar Sarah , Rauch Ronald , Basen-Engquist Karen , Tripathy Debasish , Wang Yinghong , Khan Sonya S. , Barcenas Carlos H. 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE
The addition of pembrolizumab to chemotherapy in high-risk early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) improves cancer outcomes. However, pembrolizumab induces varied immune-related adverse events (irAEs) where some can be severe or lifelong. This retrospective study describes real-world patterns of irAEs in patients with TNBC who received pembrolizumab.

METHODS
We evaluated irAEs in patients with TNBC from a comprehensive cancer center and a community hospital who received pembrolizumab with chemotherapy between 2021 and 2023, excluding those enrolled in clinical trials. We used national guidelines to grade toxicities. Logistic regression assessed the effect of clinicopathologic variables on irAEs adjusting for covariates.

RESULTS
We identified 233 patients with a median age of 51 years, 62% had stage II TNBC, 35% had stage III TNBC, 25% were Hispanic, 21% were Black, and 42% were White. Eighty patients (34%) developed 100 separate irAEs. The most common irAEs were endocrinopathies (52%) and GI (23%); there were 26 grade ≥3 irAEs, which all resulted in hospitalization, the most common being GI (13 instances); 45 required systemic steroids, 16 required additional immunosuppressive therapy, and 32 patients discontinued pembrolizumab because of irAEs. Two patients who developed colitis eventually died due to complications. Most (67 instances) irAEs were unresolved at the time of last follow-up, but 55% (37/67) had improved to grade 1. No clinicopathologic factors were associated with the development or severity of irAEs.

CONCLUSION
In this real-world diverse population, we observed rates of irAEs comparable with KEYNOTE-522, where endocrinopathies were the most prevalent, but GI irAEs were also prevalent and severe. This emphasizes a critical issue as pembrolizumab is increasingly being used in early TNBC and could have long-term survivorship implications.
Creating a Learning Health System in a Cancer Center: Generalizability of an Electronic Health Record Phenotype for Advanced Solid Cancer
Authors: Walling Anne M. , Lorenz Karl A. , Yuan Anita , O'Hanlon Claire E. , McClean Michael , Ljungberg Benjamin Fayyazuddin , Giannitrapani Karleen F. , Bozkurt Selen , Anand Sidharth , Glaspy John , Wenger Neil S. , Lindvall Charlotta 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE
To test the generalizability of an electronic health record (EHR) phenotype for patients with advanced solid cancer, which was previously developed in a single cancer center.

METHODS
We compared an algorithm to identify patients with advanced solid cancer from a random sample of patients with active cancer in the Veterans Health Administration (VA) and an academic cancer center with a human-coded reference standard between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019.

RESULTS

Compared with the human-coded reference standard, the algorithm had high specificity (93%; 95% CI, 87 to 99 and 97%; 95% CI, 93 to 100) and reasonable sensitivity (85%; 95% CI, 76 to 94 and 87%; 95% CI, 77 to 97) in the VA and academic cancer center populations, respectively. Patients with advanced cancer (compared with those with active nonadvanced cancer) had higher mortality at the VA and academic cancer center (29.2% and 17.0% 6-month mortality
v
6.8% and 3.5%), respectively.

CONCLUSION
This EHR phenotype can be used to measure and improve the quality of palliative care for patients with advanced cancer within and across health care settings.
Treatment of Short Stature in Aggrecan-deficient Patients With Recombinant Human GH: 3-year Response
Authors: Muthuvel Gajanthan , Dauber Andrew , Alexandrou Eirene , Tyzinski Leah , Hwa Vivian , Backeljauw Philippe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
Patients with aggrecan (ACAN) deficiency present with dominantly inherited short stature, as well as early-onset joint disease.

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human GH (rhGH) on linear growth in ACAN-deficient children.

Methods
Open-label, single-arm, prospective study over 3 years recruiting 10 treatment-naïve patients with heterozygous mutations in ACAN, age ≥2 years, prepubertal, and normal IGF-I concentration. Patients were treated with rhGH (initially, 50 mcg/kg/day). Main outcomes were change in (Δ) height SD score (HtSDS) and height velocity (HV).

Results
Ten patients (6 females) enrolled with median chronological age (CA) of 5.6 years (range, 2.4-9.7). Baseline median HtSDS, HV, and bone age/CA were −2.5 (range, −4.3 to −1.1), 5.2 cm/year (range, 3.8 to 7.1), and 1.2 (range, 0.9 to 1.5), respectively. The cumulative median ΔHtSDS over 3 years was +1.21 (range, +0.82 to +1.94). Median HV increased to 8.3 cm/year (range, 7.3-11.2), 7.7 cm/year (range, 5.9-8.8), and 6.8 cm/year (range, 4.9-8.6) during years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The median Δ predicated adult height was +6.8 cm over 3 years. Four female subjects entered puberty; nevertheless, median Δbone age/CA was −0.1. No adverse events related to rhGH were observed.

Conclusion
Linear growth improved in a cohort of ACAN-deficient patients treated with rhGH, albeit somewhat attenuated in older participants who entered puberty. Longitudinal follow-up is needed to assess the long-term efficacy of rhGH and adult height outcome.
RNA sequencing reveals molecular mechanisms of endometriosis lesion development in mice
Authors: Panir Kavita , Schjenken John E. , Breen James , Chan Hon Yeung , Greaves Erin , Robertson Sarah A. , Hull M. Louise 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Understanding of molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathophysiology of endometriosis, and upstream drivers of lesion formation, remains limited. Using a C57Bl/6 mouse model in which decidualized endometrial tissue is injected subcutaneously in the abdomen of recipient mice, we generated a comprehensive profile of gene expression in decidualized endometrial tissue (n=4), and in endometriosis-like lesions at Day 7 (n=4) and Day 14 (n=4) of formation. High-throughput mRNA sequencing allowed identification of genes and pathways involved in the initiation and progression of endometriosis-like lesions. We observed distinct patterns of gene expression with substantial differences between the lesions and the decidualized endometrium that remained stable across the two lesion timepoints, and showed similarity to transcriptional changes implicated in human endometriosis lesion formation. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed several immune and inflammatory response-associated canonical pathways, multiple potential upstream regulators, and involvement of genes not previously implicated in endometriosis pathogenesis, including IRF2BP2 and ZBTB10, suggesting novel roles in disease progression. Collectively, the provided data will be a useful resource to inform research on the molecular mechanisms contributing to endometriosis-like lesion development in this mouse model.
Platform Financing vs. Trade Credit for Lending to Third-Party Sellers
Authors: Huang Rongyi , Lai Guoming , Wang Xiaofang , Xiao Wenqiang 
Published: October 2024

We study platform financing in comparison with trade credit for lending to third-party sellers, considering scenarios where default risk is driven by external factors (exogenous) or influenced by the parties’ decisions (endogenous). Our findings indicate that under exogenous default risk, although platform financing exposes the platform to the seller’s default risk, it can enhance the seller’s sales by providing low-rate finance and reducing the wholesale price because the supplier remains isolated from default risk. Platform financing emerges in equilibrium, benefiting all parties, particularly in businesses facing significant default risk, high product costs, operating in small markets, or having a high commission rate. In cases of endogenous default risk, platform financing can mitigate the seller’s opportunistic behavior, either preventing or reducing default risk, and the effects of product costs and market uncertainty may become nonmonotonic. In certain scenarios, platform financing arises in equilibrium when the product cost is intermediate or sufficiently high but not in between and when market uncertainty is moderate but not low or high. We also explore the impacts of the seller’s initial capital and credit limits, providing valuable managerial insights. This paper was accepted by Jeannette Song, operations management. Funding: The corresponding author, X. Wang, is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72071204 and 72331011]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00201 .
Can Artificial Intelligence Improve Gender Equality? Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Bao Leo , Huang Difang , Lin Chen 
Published: October 2024

Gender discrimination in education hinders women’s representation in various fields. How can we create a gender-neutral learning environment when teachers’ gender composition and mindset are slow to change? Recent development in artificial intelligence (AI) provides a way to achieve this goal as engineers can make AI trainers gender neutral and not take gender-related information as input. We use data from a natural experiment in which such AI trainers replace some human teachers for a male-dominated strategic board game to test the effectiveness of AI training. The introduction of AI improves teaching outcomes for boys and girls and reduces the preexisting gender gap. Survey responses indicate that AI’s information advantage, friendly appearance, and interactive features helped students to learn faster, and class recordings suggest that AI trainers’ nondiscriminatory emotional status can explain the improvement in gender equality. We demonstrate AI’s potential in improving learning outcomes and promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in analogous settings. This paper was accepted by Elena Katok, special issue on the human-algorithm connection. Funding: D. Huang gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71988101 and T2293771]. C. Lin gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72192841] and the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China [Project No. T35/710/20R]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02787 .