bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, synthesis and mechanistic study of N-4-Piperazinyl Butyryl Thiazolidinedione derivatives of ciprofloxacin with Anticancer Activity via Topoisomerase I/II inhibition
Authors: Aziz Hossameldin A. , El-Saghier Ahmed M. , badr Mohamed , Elsadek Bakheet E. M. , Abuo-Rahma Gamal El-Din A. , Shoman Mai E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA new group of thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives of ciprofloxacin having butyryl linker 3a-l was synthesized via an alkylation of thiazolidine-2,4-diones with butyryl ciprofloxacin with yield range 48–77% andfully characterized by various spectroscopic and analytical tools. Anti-cancer screening outcomes indicated that 3a and 3i possess antiproliferative activities against human melanoma LOX IMVI cancer cell line with IC50 values of 26.7 ± 1.50 and 25.4 ± 1.43 µM, respectively, using doxorubicin and cisplatin as positive controls with an IC50 of 7.03 ± 0.40 and 5.07 ± 0.29 µM, respectively. Additionally, compound 3j showed promising anticancer activity against human renal cancer A498 cell line with IC50 value of 33.9 ± 1.91 µM while doxorubicin and cisplatin showed IC50 values of 3.59 ± 0.20 and 7.92 ± 0.45, respectively. On the other hand, compound 3i did not show considerable anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, and only moderate activity against K. pneumoniae with only a tenth of the activity of ciprofloxacin, confirming the cytotoxicity observed. Mechanistically, compound 3i inhibited both topoisomerase I and II with IC50 of 4.77 ± 0.26 and 15 ± 0.81 µM. Furthermore, it induced cell cycle arrest at S phase in melanoma LOX IMVI cells. Moreover, 3i provoked substantial levels of early, late apoptosis and necrosis in melanoma LOX IMVI cell line comparable to that induced by doxorubicin. Furthermore, compound 3i increased the expression level of active caspase-3 by 49 folds higher in LOX IMVI cell, increased protein expression level of Bax more than the control by 3 folds and inhibited PARP-1by 33% in LOX IMVI. All results were supported by theoretical docking studies on both tested enzymes confirming potential cytotoxicity for the synthesized hybrids.
Modular soft pneumatic actuator mimics elephant trunk locomotion
Authors: Elchrif Ahmad R. , Awad Mohammed I. , Maged Shady A. , Ramzy Amna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRobots support and facilitate tasks in all life fields. Soft robots specifically have the advantages of inherent compliance, safe interaction and flexible deformability. Soft pneumatic network (Pneu-Net) is a soft pneumatic actuator (SPA) composed of network of chambers that is actuated by pneumatic power. Soft Pneu-Net fits the human interface applications perfectly. In this paper, a bio-inspired modular based design for Pneu-Net actuator is developed. The actuator mimics the elephant trunk curling to be employed for rehabilitation of human hand fingers. The actuator is an integrated four Pneu-Net modules actuator which is attached to hand’s finger. The main introduced advantages in the new developed actuator are: providing four degrees of freedom (DoF) essential for finger’s motion by single compound actuator and developing a methodology for a modular soft Pneu-Net actuator that is efficiently reproducible. The actuator’s design is developed using computer aided design (CAD) software SOLIDWORKS. The design is simulated using finite element modeling (FEM) software ABAQUS. Fabrication process uses 3D printed molds. Soft material is molded in the 3D printed molds, forming actuator’s modules. Actuator’s modules are integrated by adhesion using the soft material. A proposed non-standard hyper-elastic material biaxial tension test is introduced as a quick material properties identification method that can produce a test table used for material identification in the FEM. Enhanced version for the actuator uses reinforcement fibers. Results show advances for the reinforced actuator, as it limits the unwanted actuator’s strain and deformation. The reinforced actuator shows improved energy efficiency reaches to 46%.
Understanding the role of soluble proteins and exosomes in non-invasive urine-based diagnosis of preeclampsia
Authors: Kim Taewoon , Choodinatha Harshitha Kallubhavi , Kim Kwang Sik , Shin Kyusoon , Kim Hyeon Ji , Park Jee Yoon , Hong Jong Wook , Lee Luke P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPreeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that can lead to stillbirth and preterm birth if not treated promptly. Currently, the diagnosis of preeclampsia relies on clinical symptoms such as hypertension and proteinuria, along with invasive blood tests. Here, we investigate the role of soluble proteins and exosomes in noninvasive diagnosing preeclampsia non-invasively using maternal urine and urine-derived exosomes. We quantified the levels of particles and the presence of TSG101 and CD63 in urine and urinary exosomes via the biologically intact exosome separation technology (BEST) platform. Then, we obtained higher levels of soluble proteins such as fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) from urine as it was than urinary exosomes. Compared to commercial blood tests, the sensitivity of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was found to be 4.0 times higher in urine tests and 1.5 times higher in tests utilizing urine-derived exosomes. Our findings offer promising possibilities for the early and non-invasive identification of high-risk individuals at risk of preeclampsia, allowing for comprehensive preventive management.
LncRNA LYPLAL1, miR-204-5p, and SIRT1: novel signatures for risk assessment of diabetic macrovascular complications
Authors: Mobasher Maysa A. , Shabana Marwa A. , Germoush Mousa O. , Abuzinadah Najlaa Yousef , Abd-elhameed Amir , Baioumy Shereen A. , ElKot Moataz A. , Esawy Marwa M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLong-term, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can lead to micro- and macrovascular problems. The protective function of lncRNA LYPLAL1 is to reduce endothelium cell inflammation by upregulating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and reducing microRNA (miR)-204-5p. This work attempted to examine the lncRNA LYPLAL1/miR-204-5p/SIRT1 molecules as diagnostic biomarkers for diabetic MVC and to assess their clinical correlations. The study enrolled 32 controls, 32 patients with diabetes alone, and 32 patients with diabetic MVC. RT-qPCR, or quantitative real-time PCR, was utilized to determine the expression levels of lncRNA and miR. SIRT1 was measured by ELISA. When comparing cases with MVC to those without MVC, the lncRNA LYPLAL1 and SIRT1 values were significantly lower. Conversely, patients with MVC had significantly higher miR-204-5p levels than those without MVC. The LncRNA LYPLAL1 performed best in terms of detecting MVC. It attained 90.6% specificity and 96.9% sensitivity. A combination of three markers (lncRNA LYPLAL1, miR-204-5p, and SIRT1) yielded the best accuracy at 98.4%. LYPLAL1 expression appeared to be an independent MVC predictor. Adjusted OR for LYPLAL1 expression was 405 (95% CI: 1.4–1200) (p = 0.039). When we compared cases with MVC to those without MVC, the lncRNA LYPLAL1 and SIRT1 values were significantly lower. Patients with MVC had significantly higher miR-204-5p levels than those without MVC. LYPLAL1 LncRNA demonstrated the best performance characteristics. LncRNA LYPLAL1 expression is an independent predictor of MVC.
Sources of seismic noise in an open-pit mining environment
Authors: Diaz J. , Torne M. , Schimmel M. , Rodríguez S. , Martí D. , Ruiz M. , Seivane H. , Sánchez-Pastor P. , Davoise D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present the characterization of the sources of vibration in the open-pit Riotinto mine (southern Spain), based on the data recorded by a dense seismic network of 30 stations located along a 1-km long segment of a tailings dam. We describe the most common transient signals detected, including local and distant earthquakes, blasting and vehicles. The time variations in the amplitude of the 10–40 Hz frequency band are then used to define three phases of activity during the recording period. The phase with the highest seismic amplitudes is observed during a time interval of five weeks, coinciding with the civil works carried out for the regrowth of the dam, necessary to correctly capture the continuously increasing amount of tailings. In the last three months of operation of our network, the seismic noise is dominated by the deposition of tailings into the pond, enabling the use of seismic data to monitor into detail the evolution of the deposition process.
Neck Lift to Treat Platysma Bands and Defining Cervical Angle: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis
Authors: Cambiaso-Daniel Janos , Giordano Salvatore , Agnelli Benedetta , Bella Ludovico La , Gualdi Alessandro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany surgical techniques have been proposed to address the submental–cervical angle in neck lift. Despite the several advances, obstacles persist when dealing with platysma bands and redefinition of the obtuse cervical angle. The aim of this study was to quantify platysma bands recurrence, any neurovascular damage, and other complications following neck lift procedures involving platysma muscle. After the approval and registration on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), the systematic review was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A series of specific keywords and predefined MeSH terms were utilized in different search engines (Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane library databases). Primary outcome was the recurrence of platysma bands; secondary outcomes included any postoperative complications, including any nerve damage. Pooled analysis was performed using a random effects model. Twelve articles, encompassing 2,106 patients, were relevant to this issue and included data on neck lift surgery with any platysma transection outcomes. Twenty-six patients had a recurrence of platysma bands during the follow-up, with a pooled rate of 1.4%. The pooled overall nerve damage rate was 0.9%. At the reported follow-up, the pooled hematoma percentage was 1.8%, and the pooled sialoma rate was 0.3%. Even less common complications were long-lasting edema, dehiscence of the submental suspension, and skin necrosis. Cervicomental angle redefinition remains a controversial and complicated procedure, which can be approached with different maneuvers. However, more long-term outcome reports as well as standardized complication outcomes are warranted in order to compare different and new techniques.
Level of Evidence III
Enhanced Understanding of Facial Nerve Anatomy and Arborization in the Indian Population: Implications for Surgical Procedures
Authors: Gulati Sneha , Tripathy Satyaswarup , Gupta Tulika , Gaba Sunil , Mohapatra Devi Prasad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe anatomy and arborization patterns of the extraparotid facial nerve show considerable variation among different populations, impacting surgical approaches in plastic, head and neck, and ENT surgeries. This study focuses on the Indian population to provide a detailed understanding of these variations, specifically highlighting the Davis type IV arborization pattern's prevalence and its clinical relevance. We conducted a comprehensive dissection of 16 formalin-preserved Indian cadaveric hemifaces. The study meticulously mapped the facial nerve trunk (FNT), its furcation points, and branches. Key anatomical landmarks for locating these nerve structures were identified, including the tip of the mastoid process, the angle of the mandible, and a novel line between the lateral palpebral fissure and otobasion superioris. The most common arborization pattern observed was Davis type IV (31.3%). The study provided precise measurements for locating the FNT and its branches, using identifiable landmarks. These findings facilitate more accurate surgical planning, crucial for procedures involving nerve repair or grafting. This research offers vital insights into the facial nerve anatomy specific to the Indian population, with significant implications for surgical precision and patient outcomes. By establishing reliable anatomical landmarks and elucidating the predominant arborization pattern, the study enhances the understanding of facial nerve behavior during surgical interventions, particularly in the context of facial paralysis treatment and reconstructive surgeries. Due to the small sample size, however, this study only acts as a pilot for further research.
All-electron first-principles GWΓ simulations for accurately predicting core-electron binding energies considering first-order three-point vertex corrections
Authors: Yoneyama Kenta , Noguchi Yoshifumi , Ohno Kaoru 
Published: October 2024

In the conventional GW method, the three-point vertex function (Γ) is approximated to unity (Γ ∼ 1). Here, we developed an all-electron first-principles GWΓ method beyond a conventional GW method by considering a first-order three-point vertex function (Γ(1) = 1 + iGGW) in a one-electron self-energy operator. We applied the GWΓ method to simulate the binding energies (BEs) of B1s, C1s, N1s, O1s, and F1s for 19 small-sized molecules. Contrary to the one-shot GW method [or G0W0(LDA)], which underestimates the experimentally determined absolute BEs by about 3.7 eV for B1s, 5.1 eV for C1s, 6.9 eV for N1s, 7.8 eV for O1s, and 5.8 eV for F1s, the GWΓ method successfully reduces these errors by approximately 1–2 eV for all the elements studied here. Notably, the first-order three-point vertex corrections are more significant for heavier elements, following the order of F &gt; O &gt; N &gt; C &gt; B1s. Finally, the computational cost analysis revealed that one term in the GWΓ one-electron self-energy operator, despite being computationally intensive, contributes negligibly (&lt;0.1 eV) to the C1s, N1s, O1s, and F1s.
Interwoven processes in linguistic historiography
Authors: Klöter Henning 
Published: October 2024

Summary
This article presents an integrated perspective on the history of Chinese linguistics in Europe by examining the
interplay of logistic, material, and institutional factors. Asking how knowledge related to the Chinese language was obtained,
diffused, and preserved, it examines linguistic historiography through the prism of accessibility to China and its resulting
corollaries for formulating and testing hypotheses about the Chinese language. The nineteenth century is seen as a time of
professionalisation characterized by increased opportunities for engagement with China and its language, the creation of academic
positions and teaching programs, technical advances in digraphic printing, and the return of competent speakers of the Chinese
language.
Gravitational spinoptics in a curved space-time
Authors: Frolov Valeri P. , Shoom Andrey A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper we discuss propagation of the weak high-frequency gravitational waves in a curved spacetime background. We develop a so-called spinoptics approximation which takes into account interaction of the spin of the field with the curvature of the background metric. This is achieved by modifying the standard geometric optics approximation by including the helicity sensitive terms of the order 1/ω in the eikonal equation. The novelty of the approach developed in this paper is that instead of study of the high-frequency expansion of the equations for the gravitational field perturbations we construct the effective action for the gravitational spinoptics. The gravitational spinoptics equations derived by variation of the effective action correctly reproduce the earlier obtained results. However, the proposed effective action approach is technically more simple and transparent.
It allows one to reduce the study of the high-frequency gravitational waves to study classical dynamics of massless particles with internal discrete degree of freedom (helicity). The formalism is covariant and it can be applied for arbitrary vacuum space-time background.
Mitigation as Causation
Authors: Summers Andy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the new account of mitigation that is developed in subsequent chapters. First, it outlines how mitigation can be explained using the commonsense principles of causation identified in Chapter 5. Second, it restates the law of mitigation in terms of two rules: the ‘replication rule’ and the ‘exceptionality rule’, each of which reflect the causal significance of the claimant’s choice to depart from the normal response to breach. Third, it sketches briefly how the law of mitigation, so described, might be normatively justified. The final section of the chapter compares the new account of mitigation with the orthodox account outlined in Chapter 1, to clarify how the replication and exceptionality rules relate to and differ from the conventional understanding of the avoidable and avoided loss rules.
Avoidable Loss
Authors: Summers Andy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter restates the law of mitigation as it applies to the cases conventionally discussed under the rubric of ‘avoidable loss’. First, it argues that the reasonableness test conceals two distinct rules: the replication rule and the exceptionality rule, as introduced in Chapter 6. It shows how these rules apply to the claimant’s attempts at repair, replacement, extrication, and post-breach negotiations with the defendant. Second, the chapter shows that the effect of the replication and exceptionality rules is that the claimant’s breach position is assessed counterfactually as if they had taken steps to replicate their no-breach position in the usual way. Where these rules do not apply, the claimant will recover for their factual loss. Finally, the chapter addresses the procedural issues of burden of proof and whether (and when) mitigation raises questions of fact or law.
Avoided Loss
Authors: Summers Andy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter restates the law of mitigation as it applies to the cases conventionally discussed under the rubric of ‘avoided loss’. First, it argues that the British Westinghouse test for determining when benefits are taken into account in the assessment of damages reflects the application of the replication rule, as introduced in Chapter 6. Second, it shows that where this rule applies, loss is assessed on a counterfactual basis as if the claimant had taken steps to replicate, ignoring any benefits actually received as a result of not replicating. By contrast, where the replication rule does not apply, the claimant will only recover for their factual loss. Finally, the chapter discusses two other types of case which are also sometimes referred to as examples of recovery for ‘avoided loss’, but which are distinct from the replication rule.
MDM2 Testing In Lipomatous Tumors: An Institutional Experience with 1,161 Neoplasms
Authors: SOFOLA-JAMES O , KHAEFPANAH D , FADARE O 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Amplifications of the MDM2 gene is a well-recognized central molecular event in atypical lipomatous tumors, well-differentiated liposarcomas, and dedifferentiated liposarcomas. However, given the fact that most adipocytic neoplasms are benign, the specific testing approaches that will maximize the detection of MDM2 amplified tumors in an accurate and cost-efficient manner remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to present our experience with MDM2 testing by FISH in a large cohort of lipomatous neoplasms.

Methods/Case Report
The pathologic database of an academic medical center was queried for all lipomatous tumors as well as all tumors for which MDM2 testing was performed during a three-year period. At our center, MDM2 testing for well differentiated adipocytic neoplasms is triggered by the so-called “traditional criteria”: a deep tumor and/or tumor size &gt;10 cm and/or recurrence. We also take an expanded approach for a variety of indications that may include equivocal atypia or clinical/imaging concern, among others. Testing is also performed on overt malignancies for which dedifferentiated liposarcoma is a plausible consideration after review of morphologic features.
Clinicopathologic data, including patient age of diagnosis, tumor size, depth of tumor, results from MDM2 testing [when performed], anatomic location(s) and recurrence [where applicable], were collected for each patient.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
1161 cases were assessed, 456 of whom underwent MDM2 testing, and 108 of which were ultimately classified as MDM2 amplified. Standardized bivariable comparisons found that a deep tumor location (p=0.0014) and older age (p=0.0002), but not tumor size at the &gt;10 cm cut off were associated with MDM2 positivity. However, a logistic regression model showed that neither size, depth or age were significantly associated with MDM2 positivity. Among the MDM2-positive cohort, 91% had tumor sizes &lt;10 cm, 14% were superficial, 23% were non-recurrent and 15% were less than the median cohort patient age of 58 years. If the aforementioned “traditional criteria” were used as the sole basis for MDM2 testing, 50 (46.29%) of the 108 cases that were ultimately classified as MDM2 positive would not have been tested.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that a strict adherence to “traditional criteria” may result in a significant subset of MDM2 positive tumors not being tested in lipomatous tumors. A more expansive approach that incorporates additional indications for testing, should be evaluated.
Spatial transcriptomics of human and murine Neurofibromatosis Type I fracture pseudarthroses reveal impaired BMP signaling
Authors: Juan C , Shelton J M , Jeffery E C , Tower R J , Paria N , Oxendine I , Wassel M , Kidane Y , Cornelia R , Podeszwa D A , Wise C A , Rios J J , Conway S J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
In Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), caused by mutations in the NF1 tumor-suppressor gene, children form fibrotic nonunions known as pseudarthroses following long bone fractures. Here, we integrate spatial transcriptomics of human and murine samples to investigate the pathogenesis underlying pseudoarthrosis development.

Methods/Case Report
We performed spatial transcriptomics on 10-day post-fracture calluses from control and periosteum-specific Nf1-deficient (Nf1Postn) mice as well as a human NF1 patient pseudarthrosis specimen.
Differential gene expression and SpatialTime analyses were performed. BMP signaling was validated by immunohistochemical staining of tissues for phospho-SMAD1/5/8.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
Spatial transcriptomics detected eight cell clusters, including bone, cartilage, and muscle within mouse fracture calluses. In the control, clusters involved in fracture repair were enriched for genes associated with extracellular matrix and collagen formation (progenitor and cartilage clusters), cartilage and endochondral bone processes (ossifying perichondrium cluster), and bone remodeling (woven bone cluster).
Expression of TGF-beta pathway genes was highest near the fracture plane, while BMP and Wnt pathways were activated further from the fracture. In the Nf1Postn fracture, healing was significantly delayed, lacking a robust callus and with a lower abundance of reparative skeletal cell clusters. While expression of TGF-beta pathway genes was similar to control, BMP pathway expression was minimal within the Nf1Postn fracture, which was further demonstrated by a lack of phospho-SMAD1/5/8 staining. In the human pseudarthrosis, while TGF-beta pathway genes were expressed near the fracture plane as expected, there was no enrichment of BMP pathway expression in the pseudarthrosis tissue and no significant phospho-SMAD1/5/8 staining.

Conclusion
Spatial transcriptomics allows for the simultaneous unbiased analysis of multiple signal transduction pathways within their native tissue environment. Our analyses 1) revealed the cellular diversity required for fracture healing, 2) demonstrated the spatially-restricted expression of key morphogenetic pathways within a fracture callus, and 3) provides in situ evidence for impaired BMP pathway activation associated with NF1 fracture pseudarthroses.