bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Literature study on the rate and mechanism of carbonation of lime in mortars / Literaturstudie über Mechanismus und Grad der Karbonatisierung von Kalkhydrat im Mörtel
Authors: Despotou Eleni , Shtiza Aurela , Schlegel Thomas , Verhelst Frederik 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe hardening kinetics of a lime based mortar is based on the uptake of carbon dioxide from the ambient air. The presence of watervapour is required in order to enable the reaction between the CO2 and the lime (calcium hydroxide). Via this reaction the hardening of air lime is net uptaker of CO2.An extensive literature study was made on the fundamentals of the carbonation process in mortars with different compositions. The results of the study indicate that carbonation ranges from 80 % up to 90 %. It is clear that the mechanism and the kinetics of the carbonation depend strongly on the mineralogy, texture of mortars, type of additive used, the lime use for the mortar, the width of the walls, thickness of the mortar (less carbonation when mortar depth increases) as well as the timeframe allowing for the carbonation process to take place.Under natural conditions, actual building practice and depending on the thickness of the mortar/plaster, carbonation takes between a few weeks and several years. The results of this study were used for the environmental footprint study in order to calculate the capture of CO2 that occurs progressively during the hardening of a building materials containing lime.
Microplastics as vectors for bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic chemicals in the marine environment: A state-of-the-science review
Authors: Ziccardi Linda M. , Edgington Aaron , Hentz Karyn , Kulacki Konrad J. , Kane Driscoll Susan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

A state-of-the-science review was conducted to examine the potential for microplastics to sorb hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) from the marine environment, for aquatic organisms to take up these HOCs from the microplastics, and for this exposure to result in adverse effects to ecological and human health. Despite concentrations of HOCs associated with microplastics that can be orders of magnitude greater than surrounding seawater, the relative importance of microplastics as a route of exposure is difficult to quantify because aquatic organisms are typically exposed to HOCs from various compartments, including water, sediment, and food. Results of laboratory experiments and modeling studies indicate that HOCs can partition from microplastics to organisms or from organisms to microplastics, depending on experimental conditions. Very little information is available to evaluate ecological or human health effects from this exposure. Most of the available studies measured biomarkers that are more indicative of exposure than effects, and no studies showed effects to ecologically relevant endpoints. Therefore, evidence is weak to support the occurrence of ecologically significant adverse effects on aquatic life as a result of exposure to HOCs sorbed to microplastics or to wildlife populations and humans from secondary exposure via the food chain. More data are needed to fully understand the relative importance of exposure to HOCs from microplastics compared with other exposure pathways. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1667–1676. © 2016 SETAC
Free‐water and BOLD imaging changes in Parkinson's disease patients chronically treated with a MAO‐B inhibitor
Authors: Burciu Roxana G. , Ofori Edward , Shukla Priyank , Pasternak Ofer , Chung Jae Woo , McFarland Nikolaus R. , Okun Michael S. , Vaillancourt David E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRasagiline is a monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor that possesses no amphetamine‐like properties, and provides symptomatic relief in early and late stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). Data in animal models of PD suggest that chronic administration of rasagiline is associated with structural changes in the substantia nigra, and raise the question whether the structure and function of the basal ganglia could be different in PD patients treated chronically with rasagiline as compared with PD patients not treated with rasagiline. Here, we performed a retrospective cross‐sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study at 3 T that investigated nigrostriatal function and structure in PD patients who had taken rasagiline before testing (∼8 months), PD who had not taken rasagiline before testing, and age‐matched controls. The two PD groups were selected a priori to not differ significantly in age, sex, disease duration, severity of symptoms, cognitive status, and total levodopa equivalent daily dose of medication. We evaluated percent signal change in the posterior putamen during force production using functional MRI, free‐water in the posterior substantia nigra using diffusion MRI, and performance on a bimanual coordination task using a pegboard test. All patients were tested after overnight withdrawal from antiparkinsonian medication. The rasagiline group had greater percent signal change in the posterior putamen, less free‐water in the posterior substantia nigra, and better performance on the coordination task than the group not taking rasagiline. These findings point to a possible chronic effect of rasagiline on the structure and function of the basal ganglia in PD. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2894–2903, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multispectral optoacoustic and MRI coregistration for molecular imaging of orthotopic model of human glioblastoma
Authors: Attia Amalina Binte Ebrahim , Ho Chris Jun Hui , Chandrasekharan Prashant , Balasundaram Ghayathri , Tay Hui Chien , Burton Neal C. , Chuang Kai‐Hsiang , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Olivo Malini 
Published: April 2016

Multi‐modality imaging methods are of great importance in oncologic studies for acquiring complementary information, enhancing the efficacy in tumor detection and characterization. We hereby demonstrate a hybrid non‐invasive in vivo imaging approach of utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography (MSOT) for molecular imaging of glucose uptake in an orthotopic glioblastoma in mouse. The molecular and functional information from MSOT can be overlaid on MRI anatomy via image coregistration to provide insights into probe uptake in the brain, which is verified by ex vivo fluorescence imaging and histological validation.
In vivo MSOT and MRI imaging of an orthotopic glioma mouse model injected with IRDye800‐2DG. Image coregistration between MSOT and MRI enables multifaceted (anatomical, functional, molecular) information from MSOT to be overlaid on MRI anatomy images to derive tumor physiological parameters such as perfusion, haemoglobin and oxygenation.magnified imageIn vivo MSOT and MRI imaging of an orthotopic glioma mouse model injected with IRDye800‐2DG. Image coregistration between MSOT and MRI enables multifaceted (anatomical, functional, molecular) information from MSOT to be overlaid on MRI anatomy images to derive tumor physiological parameters such as perfusion, haemoglobin and oxygenation.
Hypohamiltonian Planar Cubic Graphs with Girth 5
Authors: McKay Brendan D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA graph is called hypohamiltonian if it is not hamiltonian but becomes hamiltonian if any vertex is removed. Many hypohamiltonian planar cubic graphs have been found, starting with constructions of Thomassen in 1981. However, all the examples found until now had 4‐cycles. In this note we present the first examples of hypohamiltonian planar cubic graphs with cyclic connectivity 5, and thus girth 5. We show by computer search that the smallest members of this class are three graphs with 76 vertices.
Diagnostic utility of intravoxel incoherent motion mr imaging in differentiating primary central nervous system lymphoma from glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Yamashita Koji , Hiwatashi Akio , Togao Osamu , Kikuchi Kazufumi , Kitamura Yoshiyuki , Mizoguchi Masahiro , Yoshimoto Koji , Kuga Daisuke , Suzuki Satoshi O. , Baba Shingo , Isoda Takuro , Iwaki Toru , Iihara Koji , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: April 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MR imaging and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) in differentiating primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).Materials and MethodsFifty patients, 17 with PCNSL and 33 with GBM, were retrospectively studied. From the 3 Tesla IVIM data, the perfusion fraction (f) and diffusion coefficient (D) were obtained. In addition, the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) was obtained from the FDG‐PET data. Each of the three parameters was compared between PCNSL and GBM using Mann‐Whitney U‐test. The performance in discriminating between PCNSL and GBM was evaluated using receiver‐operating characteristics analysis and area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) values for the three parameters.ResultsThe fmax and Dmin values were significantly higher in GBM than in PCNSL (P < 0.01 and P < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, the SUVmax value was significantly lower in GBM than in PCNSL (P < 0.0005). The AUC values for fmax, Dmin, and SUVmax were 0.756, 0.905, and 0.857, respectively. The combination of the fmax and Dmin increased the diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.936) of fmax (P < 0.05), but this value was not significantly different from the values for Dmin (P = 0.30).ConclusionIVIM‐MR imaging noninvasively provides useful quantitative information in distinguishing between PCNSL and GBM. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1256–1261.
Development and validation of a magnetic solid‐phase extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of amphetamine and methadone in urine
Authors: Taghvimi Arezou , Hamishehkar Hamed , Ebrahimi Mahmoud 
Published: April 2016

The simultaneous determination of amphetamine and methadone was carried out by magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles, a magnetic solid‐phase extraction adsorbent, as a new sample treatment technique. The main factors (the amounts of sample volume, amount of adsorbent, type and amount of extraction organic solvent, time of extraction and desorption, pH, the ionic strength of extraction medium, and agitation rate) influencing the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity was observed in the range of 100–1500 ng/mL for amphetamine and 100–1000 ng/mL for methadone. The method was evaluated for determination of AM and methadone in positive urine samples, satisfactory results were obtained, therefore magnetic solid‐phase extraction can be applied as a novel method for the determination of drugs of abuse in forensic laboratories.
Glucocerebrosidase in Parkinson's disease: Insights into pathogenesis and prospects for treatment
Authors: Schapira Anthony H.V. , Chiasserini Davide , Beccari Tommaso , Parnetti Lucilla 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPD involves several converging pathogenetic pathways to neurodegeneration; highlighted in specific cases by genetic mutations causing familial PD. Numerically, the most important genetic mutations associated with PD are those of the glucocerebrosidase gene. Approximately 10% of PD patients carry glucocerebrosidase mutations. This observation has enhanced focus on the autophagy‐lysosome system as important in pathogenesis. The relationship of the glucocerebrosidase pathway to the cause and progression of PD highlights the potential to use abnormalities identified as biomarkers and modify glucocerebrosidase activity or substrate accumulation as neuroprotection. Biomarkers relevant to the glucocerebrosidase pathway, for example, enzyme activity and substrate levels, may be identified in blood, urine, and CSF. These may be combined with clinical features to help identify mutation carriers that are at increased risk of PD. The molecular mechanisms by which glucocerebrosidase mutations may result in PD are not fully understood. There is evidence accumulating that there is a reciprocal interaction between glucocerebrosidase and alpha‐synuclein levels. This interaction may potentially be used to increase glucocerebrosidase enzyme activities and therefore reduce alpha‐synuclein levels to modify the course of PD. Substrate reduction therapy may be an alternative strategy, particularly if membrane abnormalities underlie the organellar dysfunction in PD neurodegeneration. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Time on timing: Dissociating premature responding from interval sensitivity in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhang Jiaxiang , Nombela Cristina , Wolpe Noham , Barker Roger A. , Rowe James B. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) can cause impulsivity with premature responses, but there are several potential mechanisms. We proposed a distinction between poor decision‐making and the distortion of temporal perception. Both effects may be present and interact, but with different clinical and pharmacological correlates.ObjectivesThis study assessed premature responding during time perception in PD.MethodsIn this study, 18 PD patients and 19 age‐matched controls completed 2 temporal discrimination tasks (bisection and trisection) and a baseline reaction‐time task. Timing sensitivity and decision‐making processes were quantified by response and response time. An extended version of the modified difference model was used to examine the precision of time representation and the modulation of response time by stimulus ambiguity.ResultsIn the bisection task, patients had a lower bisection point (P < .05) and reduced timing sensitivity when compared with controls (P < .001). In the trisection task, patients showed lower sensitivity in discriminating between short and medium standards (P < .05). The impairment in timing sensitivity correlated positively with patients' levodopa dose equivalent (P < .05). Critically, patients had disproportionately faster response times when compared with controls in more ambiguous conditions, and the degree of acceleration of response time increased with disease severity (P < .05). Computational modeling indicated that patients had poorer precision in time representation and stronger modulation of response time by task ambiguity, leading to smaller scaling of the decision latency (P < .05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that timing deficits in PD cannot be solely attributed to perceptual distortions, but are also associated with impulsive decision strategies that bias patients toward premature responses. © 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
HERMES: Hadamard encoding and reconstruction of MEGA‐edited spectroscopy
Authors: Chan Kimberly L. , Puts Nicolaas A. J. , Schär Michael , Barker Peter B. , Edden Richard A. E. 
Published: April 2016

PurposeTo investigate a novel Hadamard‐encoded spectral editing scheme and evaluate its performance in simultaneously quantifying N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA) and N‐acetyl aspartyl glutamate (NAAG) at 3 Tesla.MethodsEditing pulses applied according to a Hadamard encoding scheme allow the simultaneous acquisition of multiple metabolites. The method, called HERMES (Hadamard Encoding and Reconstruction of MEGA‐Edited Spectroscopy), was optimized to detect NAA and NAAG simultaneously using density‐matrix simulations and validated in phantoms at 3T. In vivo data were acquired in the centrum semiovale of 12 normal subjects. The NAA:NAAG concentration ratio was determined by modeling in vivo data using simulated basis functions. Simulations were also performed for potentially coedited molecules with signals within the detected NAA/NAAG region.ResultsSimulations and phantom experiments show excellent segregation of NAA and NAAG signals into the intended spectra, with minimal crosstalk. Multiplet patterns show good agreement between simulations and phantom and in vivo data. In vivo measurements show that the relative peak intensities of the NAA and NAAG spectra are consistent with a NAA:NAAG concentration ratio of 4.22:1 in good agreement with literature. Simulations indicate some coediting of aspartate and glutathione near the detected region (editing efficiency: 4.5% and 78.2%, respectively, for the NAAG reconstruction and 5.1% and 19.5%, respectively, for the NAA reconstruction).ConclusionThe simultaneous and separable detection of two otherwise overlapping metabolites using HERMES is possible at 3T. Magn Reson Med 76:11–19, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is there any association between urodynamic variables and severity of overactive bladder in women with idiopathic detrusor overactivity?
Authors: Giarenis Ilias , Zacchè Martino , Robinson Dudley , Cardozo Linda 
Published: April 2016

AimsThe lack of a validated detrusor overactivity (DO) severity tool limits the clinical value of urodynamics in the management of patients with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). The aim of this study, was to identify urodynamic variables that correlate with validated OAB severity measures.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study enrolling consecutive women with idiopathic DO. The 24 hr urgency episodes and the score of the Incontinence Impact (II) domain of the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) were used to assess the severity of OAB.ResultsThe study enrolled 299 women with idiopathic DO. The cystometric capacity, compliance, and the threshold volume for the first involuntary detrusor contraction (IDC) showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the II domain of the KHQ and the 24 hr urgency episodes. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the amplitude of first IDC and the OAB severity measures, but only borderline for the amplitude of the highest IDC. There were no statistically significant differences between women with and without leakage per urethram during a detrusor contraction.ConclusionsCystometric capacity, compliance (measured in ml/cm H2O), threshold volume, and amplitude of the first IDC could be routinely documented in everyday clinical practice. The measures more commonly used for describing the severity of DO, such as leakage per urethram during a detrusor contraction and amplitude of the highest detrusor contraction, have a limited role confirming the complicated interaction between the detrusor muscle, the urethral sphincter, and the pelvic floor in women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:780–783, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of plasticizers on thermal properties and crystallization behaviour of poly(lactic acid) films obtained by compression moulding
Authors: Muller Justine , Jiménez Alberto , González‐Martínez Chelo , Chiralt Amparo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNeat and plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films were obtained by compression moulding. Three different plasticizers, at concentrations of 5 and 10%, were used: poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of 1000 and 4000 g mol−1 molecular weights and a commercial plasticizer, Palamoll®638. Crystallization behaviour and glass transition of PLA films were analysed using differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction. Films were also characterised in terms of structural, tensile, barrier and optical properties. The addition of the three plasticizers reduced the glass transition temperature (Tg) while promoting the crystallization of PLA in the compression‐moulded films, depending on their type and concentration. PEG 4000 enhanced the crystallization more than PEG 1000 and Palamoll®638, the latter being that which induced the lowest degree of crystallization. The Tg value of the PLA amorphous phase was reduced by the addition of plasticizers, proportionally to their concentration. Nevertheless, all of the plasticized films exhibited similar elastic modulus and were less resistant to break and less extensible due to the greater induced crystallinity. PEG 4000 markedly reduced the film stretchability whereas this effect was less marked when Palamoll®638 was used. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of wide selected‐ion monitoring data‐independent acquisition to identify tomato fruit proteins regulated by the CUTIN DEFICIENT2 transcription factor
Authors: Martin Laetitia B. B. , Sherwood Robert W. , Nicklay Joshua J. , Yang Yong , Muratore‐Schroeder Tara L. , Anderson Elizabeth T. , Thannhauser Theodore W. , Rose Jocelyn K. C. , Zhang Sheng 
Published: April 2016

We describe here the use of label‐free wide selected‐ion monitoring data‐independent acquisition (WiSIM‐DIA) to identify proteins that are involved in the formation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit cuticles and that are regulated by the transcription factor CUTIN DEFICIENT2 (CD2). A spectral library consisting of 11 753 unique peptides, corresponding to 2338 tomato protein groups, was used and the DIA analysis was performed at the MS1 level utilizing narrow mass windows for extraction with Skyline 2.6 software. We identified a total of 1140 proteins, 67 of which had expression levels that differed significantly between the cd2 tomato mutant and the wild‐type cultivar M82. Differentially expressed proteins including a key protein involved in cutin biosynthesis, were selected for validation by target SRM/MRM and by Western blot analysis. In addition to confirming a role for CD2 in regulating cuticle formation, the results also revealed that CD2 influences pathways associated with cell wall biology, anthocyanin biosynthesis, plant development, and responses to stress, which complements findings of earlier RNA‐Seq experiments. Our results provide new insights into molecular processes and aspects of fruit biology associated with CD2 function, and demonstrate that the WiSIM‐DIA is an effective quantitative approach for global protein identifications.
Anisotropic self‐assembly and gelation in aqueous methylcellulose—theory and modeling
Authors: Ginzburg Valeriy V. , Sammler Robert L. , Huang Wenjun , Larson Ronald G. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTRecent experimental studies demonstrated that the aqueous methylcellulose (MC) polymer chains in water can form nanoscale fibrils (diameter ∼14 nm, persistence length ∼60 nm), and those fibrils can organize into networks at higher temperatures and/or concentrations, forming the commonly observed gel. Here we propose that the fibrils are one‐dimensional self‐assemblies of stacked, fused polymer rings that are formed at elevated temperatures due to the changing nature of the MC‐water hydrogen bonding. This mechanism is analogous to the coil‐helix transition in polypeptides, although it is not clear whether the MC fibrils possess chirality. We perform coarse‐grained molecular simulations of MC chain structure at temperatures both above and below the hypothesized coil‐to‐ring transition, with CG forcefield tuned by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, and observe the expected conformational change. We then develop a statistical mechanical theory to predict the fibril self‐assembly, gelation and rheology as function of temperature and concentration. The findings are in reasonable agreement with experimental data and could be generalized to other carbohydrate polymers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1624–1636
Chiral three‐dimensional isotropic lattices with negative Poisson's ratio
Authors: Ha Chan Soo , Plesha Michael E. , Lakes Roderic S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractChiral three‐dimensional isotropic cubic lattices with rigid cubical nodules and multiple deformable ribs are developed and analyzed via finite element analysis. The lattices exhibit geometry‐dependent Poisson's ratio that can be tuned to negative values. Poisson's ratio decreases from positive to negative values as the number of cells increases. Isotropy is obtained by adjustment of aspect ratio. The lattices exhibit significant size effects. Such a phenomenon cannot occur in a classical elastic continuum but it can occur in a Cosserat solid.