bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Whole Earth: Planetary Mediation and the Anthropocene
Authors: Boes Tobias 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article examines the hermeneutic and poetic operations by which we as human beings turn our very planet into a signifier for our collective existence as a species, a process which I refer to as “planetary mediation.” I identify the so-called Whole Earth images first generated by the Apollo Space missions as the characteristic form of planetary mediation during the late twentieth century, and argue that our current emergence into a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene, calls for radically different representational strategies. Whole Earth images draw their strength from their iconographic and indexical qualities—in other words, their seeming ability to ground symbolic discourse in something that is undeniably and materially real. In the Anthropocene, however, physical nature itself has become a medium for the inscription of human messages, and effective planetary mediation can now take place only in virtual environments such as those of Google Earth and advanced climate modeling systems. I analyze the work of Soviet biologist Evgeni Shepelev as a starting point for this form of planetary mediation and discuss the multimedia installation The Place Where You Go to Listen by American composer John Luther Adams in order to show the challenges that contemporary environmental art will still have to overcome if it wants to illuminate our current planetary condition.
Science Fiction and the Risks of the Anthropocene: Anticipated Transformations in Dale Pendell's The Great Bay
Authors: von Mossner Alexa Weik 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Covering the time span from 2021 to 16000 N.C., Dale Pendell's speculative novel The Great Bay chronicles the profound climatic, geological and ecological transformations that California undergoes during these fourteen millennia. Human life becomes unimaginably small on such a time scale, and Pendell responds to that representational challenge by compiling a wide variety of texts that zero in on individual humans at different points in the future rather than offering a continuous story or central character. In a way, that place is taken by the geographical region that is the focus of the narrative and gives the book its title. Timothy Morton has argued that because we live in the Anthropocene we can no longer understand history as exclusively human. Pendell's “Chronicle of the Collapse” suggests that the same is true for storytelling, offering readers the story of a nonhuman protagonist that changes slowly over time. The result is a highly fragmented narrative that is interesting for what it tries to achieve but at the same time remarkably unengaging. In its distant and distanced rendering of future ecological change and human anguish, The Great Bay is a grave reminder not only of the incalculable risks of the Anthropocene, but also of the basic tenets of realist storytelling.
“Not Promising a Landfall ...”: An Autotopographical Account of Loss of Place, Memory and Landscape
Authors: Jones Owain 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper contributes to discussions about landscape and place and how they are practised in relation to time, displacement, memory and loss. I develop a multi-dimensional account of how landscape is generated in the moment by spatio-temporal topologies and topographies in which memory, movement and materiality play full parts. I consider absence, loss and displacement and how they operate within self-landscape practice, and how particular forms of materiality (in this case, large bridges) become charged with all sorts of emotions relating to personal history (how bridges can be psychogeographical “hotspots”). Displacement from, or loss of, home/land/place/nature—driven by one means or another (economic, conflict, environmental degradations)—can be a looming presence in everyday life. Resulting emotions and affective traces can suffuse through and cleave to materiality, and materiality patterned into landscape, in contingent, unexpected and unaccountable ways, which, as articulated through everyday affective life, are hard to represent in (academic) language. Questions are raised about the relationships between self, time, memory, materiality and place, using a non-representational, creative approach, based on image and textual collage.
Global Plants and Digital Letters: Epistemological Implications of Digitising the Directors' Correspondence at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Authors: Svensson Anna 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Digitisation is presenting new possibilities and challenges for the use of collections in both the humanities and the sciences. However, digitisation is also another layer in a longer process of selections shaping the collection—something which must be analysed on a case-by-case basis. This paper considers the epistemological implications of the digitisation of the Directors' Correspondence (DC) collection (1841-1928) at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, made available through the Global Plants database. In order to avoid a polarised analysis of the end-products of archive and database, the selection process shaping this collection is traced from the writing of the letters and their reception into the DC at RBG, Kew, to the digitisation with corresponding metadata and the end-user searching the database. Particular attention is given the digitisation process and the knowledge produced by the project digitisers, as they combine close reading and database searches in writing the summaries of the letters for the metadata. This analysis of the DC engages with wider discussions about digitisation by emphasising the importance of taking a longer historical perspective, with particular attention to moments of selection, and highlighting the knowledge generated by those involved in the digitisation process. By doing so, the result is not a clear trajectory but a combination of losses and gains, disconnections and reconnections. Care is therefore needed to avoid replicating the invisible losses of extractive approaches to knowledge production, particularly in the context of collection-based biodiversity conservation.1
Robust Polynomial-Time Approximation Schemes for Parallel Machine Scheduling with Job Arrivals and Departures
Authors: Skutella Martin , Verschae José 
Published: April 2016

Scheduling a set of n jobs on m identical parallel machines so as to minimize the makespan or maximize the minimum machine load are two of the most important and fundamental scheduling problems studied in the literature. We consider the general online scenario where jobs are consecutively added to and/or deleted from an instance. The goal is to maintain a near-optimal assignment of the current set of jobs to the m machines. This goal is essentially doomed to failure unless, upon arrival or departure of a job, we allow reassigning some other jobs. Considering that the reassignment of a job induces a cost proportional to its size, the total cost for reassigning jobs must preferably be bounded by a constant r times the total size of added or deleted jobs. The value r is called the reassignment factor of the solution and it is a measure of our willingness to adapt the solution over time. Our main result is that, for any ε > 0, it is possible to achieve (1 + ε)-competitive solutions with constant reassignment factor r(ε). For the minimum makespan problem this is the first improvement on the (2 + ε)-competitive algorithm by Andrews et al. (1999) [Andrews M, Goemans M, Zhang L (1999) Improved bounds for on-line load balancing. Algorithmica 23(4):278–301]. Crucial to our algorithm is a new insight into the structure of robust, almost optimal schedules.
Incidence of surgical site infection in postoperative patients at a tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Akhter M. Siddique J. , Verma R. , Madhukar K. Premjeet , Vaishampayan A. Rajiv , Unadkat P.C. 
Published: April 2016

Objective: A prospective observational was carried out to calculate the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI) along with the main risk factors and causative organisms in postoperative patients at a tertiary care setting in Mumbai. Method: A total number of 1196 patients between June 2011 to March 2013 admitted to the general surgical ward or surgical ICU of our hospital were included in the study. Post laproscopy patients and organ space SSIs were excluded. Patient data were collected using a preformed pro forma and a wound Southampton score tabulated and checked repeatedly until suture removal of patient. Regular follow-up was maintained until at least 30 days postoperatively. Results: The study showed a SSI rate of 11%. Risk factors associated with a higher incidence of SSI were found to be age (>55 years), diabetes mellitus (especially uncontrolled sugar in the perioperative period), immunocompromised patients (mainly HIV and immunosuppressive therapy patients), surgeon skill (higher in senior professors compared with junior residents), nature of the cases, (emergency surgeries), placement of drains, wound class (highest in dirty wounds), type of closure (multilayer closure), prolonged duration of hospital stay, longer duration of surgery (>2 hours), type of surgery (highest in cholecystectomy). The highest rates of causative organisms for SSIs found were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella ssp. Conclusion: Prevention of SSIs requires a multipronged approach with particular emphasis on optimising preoperative issues, adhering religiously to strict protocols during the intraoperative period and addressing and optimising metabolic and nutritional status in postoperative period.
Promoting Psychological Flexibility by Practicing Flexibly: The Therapist as Model
Authors: Bresler Jill 
Published: April 2016

In this discussion of Dr. Robert Cohen’s (2016) case study of his client Daniel, several integrative shifts over the course of the long-term, psychoanalytic treatment are noted. Initially, a shift from a traditional psychoanalytic model to a relational model was initiated in order to respond to Daniel's lack of responsiveness to a therapy focused on transference interpretation; and later a shift to employing strategies from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 2012) was implemented in order to address ruminative thought patterns and accompanying social inhibition. The therapist describes his own process of exploring options flexibly, allowing the reader a rare view into this clinical decision-making process. The treatment as a whole is conceptualized as fostering both mentalization and mindfulness skills in the context of the secure attachment that an intensive treatment tends to foster. The possibility that a shift to ACT provided a bridge to a termination process is discussed.
Expanding My Perspective on the Case of Daniel
Authors: Cohen Robert 
Published: April 2016

I appreciate the reflections on the case of Daniel from Dr. Jill Bresler (2016) and from Dr. Stephen Holland (2016) —two experienced clinicians well versed in moving between psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral orientations to more comprehensively meet the needs of their patients. Dr. Bresler’s response led me to think more about my development as a therapist and the process through which a psychoanalyst struggles to become more integrative. Dr. Holland’s response provided a helpful overview of additional cognitive techniques I might have used, but it also suggested that there may be limits to integrating certain aspects of different theories because of fundamental discrepancies.
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira: génesis agrícola e impacto social institucional (1900-1944)
Authors: Valencia LLano Néstor Fabio , Carmona Orantes Gabriel 
Published: April 2016

<p>Numerosos científicos y académicos han sostenido que durante la década de 1920 se integró la ciencia con la agricultura en el Valle del Cauca, favorecida por una política estatal sobre el fomento de la agricultura. La anterior presunción generaba dudas porque faltaba ampliar el conocimiento sobre la historia agraria y educativa<br />en la región durante el período 1931-1942, momento en que surgió una segunda normatividad sobre el fomento agrario que posibilitó instaurar en 1934 el Instituto Agrícola del Valle del Cauca. En la literatura revisada, no se encontraron investigaciones que abordaran la génesis e irrupción de la agricultura científica y la educación<br />agrícola superior en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca. El objetivo consistió en “Reconstruir las principales políticas agrarias y educativas, y su contribución a la génesis de la agricultura científica y al origen de la educación superior agrícola en el Valle del Cauca en el período de tiempo comprendido entre 1900-1944”. La investigación posibilitó concluir que la Ley 132 de 1931, fue la que facilitó de manera positiva, la irrupción de la agricultura<br />científica en el Valle del Cauca, porque permitió a los pioneros de la agricultura científica, instaurar en 1934 un instituto agrícola conformado por el Servicio de Extensión agrícola y la Escuela Superior de Agricultura, permitiendo formar los profesionales que integrarían la ciencia con la agricultura tropical.</p><p> </p>
El mejoramiento genético y la producción de leche. La esencia de una realidad de producción animal
Authors: Campos Gaona Rómulo , Garcia Alegria Katherine , Velez Terranova Mauricio , Hernandez Erika , Molina Benavides Raúl , Sánchez Guerrero Hugo , Durán Castro Carlos Vicente , Giraldo Patiño Leonidas 
Published: April 2016

<p>La producción lechera ha sido una de las grandes áreas del desarrollo de la Zootecnia. En ella se reúne el mejoramiento genético, logros en la producción de leche, disposición de la ubre, velocidad de ordeño, variación en la composición química, rendimiento lácteo en subproductos; así mismo, el avance en la nutrición para atender los<br />requerimientos de los altos volúmenes de leche, evolución en los sistemas de producción, innovaciones tecnológicas en el ordeño, higienización y aseguramiento de calidad, uso de biotecnologías para la optimización de la producción y la reproducción, generación de nuevas razas y estudio de posibles bondades productivas de recursos<br />genéticos locales. El objetivo de este documento es: en los ochenta años de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, presentar una breve sinopsis de la producción lechera, como un homenaje a los profesionales y productores que han participado en su desarrollo, en especial de los grupos raciales bovinos Lucerna y Hartón del Valle.</p>
The war against the causes of crime: Advocacy for social crime prevention in the face of tougher law enforcement
Authors: Bruce David , Gould Chandré 
Published: April 2016

Since the release of the National Crime Prevention Strategy (NCPS) in May 1996, social crime prevention has been a key concept in debates about how to address the problems of crime and violence in South Africa. Many in the civil society policy community firmly believe that social crime prevention, if properly implemented, will be effective in addressing crime and violence. Since the late 1990s there has also been a pervasive sense of disappointment and frustration amongst those who support social crime prevention about what is perceived as a failure of the state to back this agenda. There is a view that this is due to the fact that the state favours 'law enforcement', because it holds out the promise of quick results. It is true that the issue of social crime prevention is entirely absent from the current government discourse on crime, which is characterised by a strong emphasis on robust policing measures. But is it true that the main obstacle to social crime prevention is a law enforcement orientated mindset on the part of government – or are there other obstacles to the social crime prevention agenda?
UNDERSTANDING ‘POINTY FACE’: What is criminology for?
Authors: Dixon Bill 
Published: April 2016

A Country at War with Itself, Antony Altbeker’s book about ‘South Africa’s crisis of crime’, begins with the dramatic story of a robbery in which Altbeker himself was involved. One of the robbers is a man who Altbeker refers to only as ‘Pointy Face’. Beyond the unusual shape of his chin, his high cheekbones and the hardness of his muscles, readers are told nothing about ‘Pointy Face’. He is a man from nowhere, a man with no history, no life before or after the evening he confronted Altbeker and his companion as they sat in a Johannesburg fast-food joint eating steak rolls and slap chips. In the context of recent international debates about the purpose of criminology, this paper asks what criminology is for in a country like South Africa. After reviewing the development of criminology in South Africa over the last 25 years or so, it argues that important questions about why crime – and violent crime in particular – has remained so high in the post-apartheid era have not been either asked or answered. It suggests that an understandable concern with controlling crime more effectively has led to insufficient attention being paid to why it occurs in the first place. In the rush to make sure that ‘Pointy Face’ and people like him are caught, prosecuted and imprisoned, and lives and properties secured against their depredations, few serious attempts have been made to understand where the ‘Pointy Faces’ of contemporary South Africa come from and why they do what they do. The paper ends by suggesting some reasons why criminologists seem to have lost interest in understanding why crime happens and how researchers might begin to respond to this explanatory crisis.
Identification of Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Arini Pedro , Correa Lorena , Valentinuzzi Max , Laciar Eric , Correa Raúl 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackground: The largest morbidity and mortality group worldwide continues to be that suffering Myocardial Infarction (MI). The use of vectorcardiography (VCG) and electrocardiography (ECG) has improved the diagnosis and characterization of this cardiac condition.Objectives: Herein, we applied a novel ECGVCG combination technique to identifying 95 patients with MI and to differentiating them from 52 healthy reference subjects. Subsequently, and with a similar method, the location of the infarcted area permitted patient classification.Methods: We analyzed five depolarization and four repolarization indexes, say: a) volume; b) planar area; c) QRS loop perimeter; d) QRS vector difference; e – g) Area under the QRS complex, ST segment and T-wave in the (X, Y, Z) leads; h) ST-T Vector Magnitude Difference; i) T-wave Vector Magnitude Difference; and j) the spatial angle between the QRS complex and the T-wave.For classification, patients were divided into two groups according to the infarcted area, that is, anterior or inferior sectors (MI-ant and MI-inf, respectively).Results: Our results indicate that several ECG and VCG parameters show significant differences (p-value<0.05) between Healthy and MI subjects, and between MI-ant and MI-inf. Moreover, combining five parameters, it was possible to classify the MI and healthy subjects with a sensitivity = 95.8%, a specificity = 94.2%, and an accuracy = 95.2%, after applying a linear discriminant classifier method. Similarly, combining eight indexes, we could separate out the MI patients in MI-ant vs MI-inf with a sensitivity = 89.8%, 84.8%, respectively, and an accuracy = 89.8%.Conclusions: The new multivariable MI patient identification and localization technique, based on ECG and VCG combination indexes, offered excellent performance to differentiating populations with MI from healthy subjects. Furthermore, this technique might be applicable to estimating the infarcted area localization. In addition, the proposed method would be an alternative diagnostic technique in the emergency room.
He II λ4686 EMISSION FROM THE MASSIVE BINARY SYSTEM IN η CAR: CONSTRAINTS TO THE ORBITAL ELEMENTS AND THE NATURE OF THE PERIODIC MINIMA*

†

‡

§
Authors: Teodoro M. , Damineli A. , Heathcote B. , Richardson N. D. , Moffat A. F. J. , St-Jean L. , Russell C. , Gull T. R. , Madura T. I. , Pollard K. R. , Walter F. , Coimbra A. , Prates R. , Fernández-Lajús E. , Gamen R. C. , Hickel G. , Henrique W. , Navarete F. , Andrade T. , Jablonski F. , Luckas P. , Locke M. , Powles J. , Bohlsen T. , Chini R. , Corcoran M. F. , Hamaguchi K. , Groh J. H. , Hillier D. J. , Weigelt G. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Eta Carinae (η Car) is an extremely massive binary system in which rapid spectrum variations occur near periastron. Most notably, near periastron the He ii λ4686 line increases rapidly in strength, drops to a minimum value, then increases briefly before fading away. To understand this behavior, we conducted an intense spectroscopic monitoring of the He ii λ4686 emission line across the 2014.6 periastron passage using ground- and space-based telescopes. Comparison with previous data confirmed the overall repeatability of the line equivalent width (EW), radial velocities, and the timing of the minimum, though the strongest peak was systematically larger in 2014 than in 2009 by 26%. The EW variations, combined with other measurements, yield an orbital period of 2022.7 ± 0.3 days. The observed variability of the EW was reproduced by a model in which the line flux primarily arises at the apex of the wind–wind collision and scales inversely with the square of the stellar separation, if we account for the excess emission as the companion star plunges into the hot inner layers of the primary’s atmosphere, and including absorption from the disturbed primary wind between the source and the observer. This model constrains the orbital inclination to 135°–153°, and the longitude of periastron to 234°–252°. It also suggests that periastron passage occurred on

days). Our model also reproduced EW variations from a polar view of the primary star as determined from the observed He ii

emission scattered off the Homunculus nebula.
THE VLA VIEW OF THE HL TAU DISK: DISK MASS, GRAIN EVOLUTION, AND EARLY PLANET FORMATION
Authors: Carrasco-González Carlos , Henning Thomas , Chandler Claire J. , Linz Hendrik , Pérez Laura , Rodríguez Luis F. , Galván-Madrid Roberto , Anglada Guillem , Birnstiel Til , Boekel Roy van , Flock Mario , Klahr Hubert , Macias Enrique , Menten Karl , Osorio Mayra , Testi Leonardo , Torrelles José M. , Zhu Zhaohuan 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The first long-baseline ALMA campaign resolved the disk around the young star HL Tau into a number of axisymmetric bright and dark rings. Despite the very young age of HL Tau, these structures have been interpreted as signatures for the presence of (proto)planets. The ALMA images triggered numerous theoretical studies based on disk–planet interactions, magnetically driven disk structures, and grain evolution. Of special interest are the inner parts of disks, where terrestrial planets are expected to form. However, the emission from these regions in HL Tau turned out to be optically thick at all ALMA wavelengths, preventing the derivation of surface density profiles and grain-size distributions. Here, we present the most sensitive images of HL Tau obtained to date with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at 7.0 mm wavelength with a spatial resolution comparable to the ALMA images. At this long wavelength, the dust emission from HL Tau is optically thin, allowing a comprehensive study of the inner disk. We obtain a total disk dust mass of (1–3) × 10−3
M
⊙, depending on the assumed opacity and disk temperature. Our optically thin data also indicate fast grain growth, fragmentation, and formation of dense clumps in the inner densest parts of the disk. Our results suggest that the HL Tau disk may be actually in a very early stage of planetary formation, with planets not already formed in the gaps but in the process of future formation in the bright rings.