bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient characteristics and outcome measurement in a low secure forensic hospital
Authors: Longdon Laura , Edworthy Rachel , Resnick Jeremy , Byrne Adrian , Clarke Martin , Cheung Natalie , Khalifa Najat 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundHealth services are increasingly required to measure outcomes after treatment, which can be reported to the funding body and may be scrutinised by the public. Extensive high‐quality measurements are time consuming. Routinely collected clinical data might, if anonymised, provide good enough evidence of useful change consequent on service received.Research questionDo the Health of the Nation Scale and the 20‐item Historical, Clinical, Risk structured professional judgement tool scores provide evidence of clinical and risk change among low security hospital patients at 6 and 12 months after admission?MethodsOne hundred and eight men were either resident on the unit on 1 January 2011 or new admissions to the census date of 31 May 2013. Their routinely collected data were added to an outcome register following each patient's Care Programme Approach clinical review meeting and analysed using repeated measures t‐tests with Bonferroni corrections.ResultsMost of the men, mean age 34.3 years, were single (93%), White British (71%) and with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia (62%). There were significant reductions in the 11‐item Health of the Nation Scale (excluding the community living condition scale) scores between baseline and 6 months and between 6 and 12 months, but no change on its additional 7‐item secure subscale. Individual effect sizes indicated that 39% of the men had better social function, although 18% had deteriorated at 6 months. There was little overall change in the 20‐item Historical, Clinical, Risk; individual effect sizes indicated that 11 men (15%) were rated as being at lower risk level and 10 (14%) at higher after 6 months in the study.Conclusions/implications for clinical practiceStandard clinical measures are promising as indicators of change in low security hospital patients. Risk ratings may be conservative, but at this stage of a secure hospital admission, higher scores may be as likely to indicate progress in identifying and quantifying risks as apparent increase in risk. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benchmarking the Oxygen Reduction Electroactivity of First‐Row Transition‐Metal Oxide Clusters on Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Allen‐Ankins Mikaela , Zeng Qingcong , Zhang Bingsen , Pan Jian , Zhang Jiayun , Su Dang‐Sheng , Gentle Ian R. , Wang Da‐Wei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTransition‐metal oxide/nanocarbon hybrids are known to deliver a cooperative oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with a synergistic effect of the hybrid interface. This work assesses a series of first‐row transition‐metal oxides in the form of surface‐confined clusters on carbon nanotubes, as a mimic of fully exposed hybrid interfaces, providing an activity benchmark for hybrid catalysts. Among the selected metal oxides, MnOx and CoOx are found to be the most active first‐row transition‐metal oxide clusters for the ORR, given their excellent peroxide‐reducing capability at low overpotential. FeOx and CuOx are also active for the same role, except their peroxide‐reducing activity is only activated with substantial overpotential. Other metal oxides (NiOx and ZnOx) do not appear to show any activity toward the ORR, even with an integrated interface as a source for the possible synergistic effect.
GABAA and GABAB receptor subunit localization on neurochemically identified neurons of the human subthalamic nucleus
Authors: Wu Xi Hua , Song Jennifer Junru , Faull Richard Lewis Maxwell , Waldvogel Henry John 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a critical excitatory signaling center within the basal ganglia circuitry. The activity of subthalamic neurons is tightly controlled by upstream inhibitory signaling centers in the basal ganglia. In this study, we used immunohistochemical techniques to firstly, visualize and quantify the STN neurochemical organization based on neuronal markers including parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), SMI‐32, and GAD65/67. Secondly, we characterized the detailed regional, cellular and subcellular expression of GABAA (α1, α2, α3, β2/3, and γ2) and GABAB (R1 and R2) receptor subunits within the normal human STN. Overall, we found seven neurochemically distinct populations of principal neurons in the human STN. The three main populations detected were: (a) triple‐labeled PV+/CR+/SMI32+; (b) double‐labeled PV+/CR+; and (c) single‐labeled CR+ neurons. Subthalamic principal neurons were found to express GABAA receptor subunits α1, α3, β2/3, γ2, and GABAB receptor subunits R1 and R2. However, no expression of GABAA receptor α2 subunit was detected. We also found a trend of increasing regional staining intensity for all positive GABAA receptor subunits from the dorsolateral pole to ventromedial extremities. The GAD+ interneurons showed relatively low expression of GABAA receptor subunits. These results provide the morphological basis of GABAergic transmission within the normal human subthalamic nucleus and evidence of GABA innervation through both GABAA and GABAB receptors on subthalamic principal neurons.
Genetic disruption of fractalkine signaling leads to enhanced loss of cochlear afferents following ototoxic or acoustic injury
Authors: Kaur Tejbeer , Ohlemiller Kevin K. , Warchol Mark E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCochlear hair cells are vulnerable to a variety of insults like acoustic trauma and ototoxic drugs. Such injury can also lead to degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), but this occurs over a period of months to years. Neuronal survival is necessary for the proper function of cochlear prosthetics, therefore, it is of great interest to understand the mechanisms that regulate neuronal survival in deaf ears. We have recently demonstrated that selective hair cell ablation is sufficient to attract leukocytes into the spiral ganglion, and that fractalkine signaling plays a role in macrophage recruitment and in the survival of auditory neurons. Fractalkine (CX3CL1), a chemokine that regulates adhesion and migration of leukocytes is expressed by SGNs and signals to leukocytes via its receptor CX3CR1. The present study has extended the previous findings to more clinically relevant conditions of sensorineural hearing loss by examining the role of fractalkine signaling after aminoglycoside ototoxicity or acoustic trauma. Both aminoglycoside treatment and acoustic overstimulation led to the loss of hair cells as well as prolonged increase in the numbers of cochlear leukocytes. Lack of CX3CR1 did not affect macrophage recruitment after injury, but resulted in increased loss of SGNs and enhanced expression of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1β, when compared to mice with intact CX3CR1. These data indicate that the dysregulation of macrophage response caused by the absence of CX3CR1 may contribute to inflammation‐mediated neuronal loss in the deafened ear, suggesting a key role for inflammation in the long‐term survival of target‐deprived afferent neurons.
SDN‐based fault‐tolerant on‐demand and in‐advance bandwidth reservation in data center interconnects
Authors: Subedi Tara Nath , Nguyen Kim Khoa , Cheriet Mohamed 
Published: December 2017

SummaryGeographically distributed data centers are interconnected through provisioned dedicated WAN links, realized by circuit/wavelength–switching that support large‐scale data transfer between data centers. These dedicated WAN links are typically shared by multiple services through on‐demand and in‐advance resource reservations, resulting in varying bandwidth availability in future time periods. Such an inter‐data center network provides a dynamic and virtualized environment when augmented with cloud infrastructure supporting end‐host migration. In such an environment, dynamically provisioned network resources are recognized as extremely useful capabilities for many types of network services. However, the existing approaches to in‐advance reservation services provide limited reservation capabilities, eg, limited connections over links returned by the traceroute over traditional IP‐based networks. Moreover, most existing approaches do not address fault tolerance in the event of node or link failures and do not handle end‐host migrations; thus, they do not provide a reliability guarantee for in‐advance reservation frameworks. In this paper, we propose using multiple paths to increase bandwidth usage in the WAN links between data centers when a single path does not provide the requested bandwidth. Emulation‐based evaluations of the proposed path computation show a higher reservation acceptance rate compared to state‐of‐art reservation frameworks, and such computed paths can be configured with a limited number of static forwarding rules on switches. Our prototype provides the RESTful Web service interface for link‐fail and end‐host migration event management and reroutes paths for all the affected reservations.
Precise localizations of voltage‐gated sodium and potassium channels in neurons
Authors: Misonou Hiroaki 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTNeurons are extremely large and complex cells, and they regulate membrane potentials in multiple subcellular compartments using a variety of ion channels. Voltage‐gated sodium (Nav) and potassium (Kv) channels are crucial in regulating neuronal membrane excitability owing to their diversity in subtypes, biophysical properties, and localizations. In particular, specific localizations of Nav and Kv channels in specific membrane compartments are essential to achieve a precise control of local membrane excitability. Recent advancement in super‐resolution microscopy further substantiated nanoscale localizations of different ion channels in neuronal membranes. New questions arise from these new lines of evidence regarding how Nav and Kv channels are trafficked to a specific location and maintained against lateral diffusion. In this review, the aim is to summarize current information about ion channel localizations at nanoscopic levels and discuss what we can infer regarding the mechanisms. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 271–282, 2018
Weight Suppression But Not Symptom Improvement Predicts Weight Gain During Inpatient Treatment for Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Hessler Johannes Baltasar , Diedrich Alice , Greetfeld Martin , Schlegl Sandra , Schwartz Caroline , Voderholzer Ulrich 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveFear of gaining weight is a common obstacle to seeking treatment for bulimia nervosa (BN). We investigated changes in body mass index (BMI) during inpatient treatment for BN in relation to treatment outcome and weight suppression (WS).MethodsFemale inpatients of a specialized eating disorders clinic were grouped as deteriorated/unchanged, reliably improved, and clinically significantly improved based on Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 scores. Repeated measures ANOVA was employed to examine changes in BMI between admission and discharge depending on treatment outcome and WS.ResultsOne‐hundred seventy‐nine patients were included. Overall, the average BMI significantly increased by 0.54 kg/m2 (SD = 1.24). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed no association of change in BMI with treatment outcome [F(df) = 1.13 (2166), p = 0.327] but with WS [F(df) = 2.76 (3166), p < 0.044].DiscussionBulimia nervosa can be successfully treated without causing excessive weight gain. Patients with higher WS might expect somewhat more weight gain. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Which way do you lean? Using slope aspect variations to understand Critical Zone processes and feedbacks
Authors: Pelletier Jon D. , Barron‐Gafford Greg A. , Gutiérrez‐Jurado Hugo , Hinckley Eve‐Lyn S. , Istanbulluoglu Erkan , McGuire Luke A. , Niu Guo‐Yue , Poulos Michael J. , Rasmussen Craig , Richardson Paul , Swetnam Tyson L. , Tucker Greg E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSoil‐mantled pole‐facing hillslopes on Earth tend to be steeper, wetter, and have more vegetation cover compared with adjacent equator‐facing hillslopes. These and other slope aspect controls are often the consequence of feedbacks among hydrologic, ecologic, pedogenic, and geomorphic processes triggered by spatial variations in mean annual insolation. In this paper we review the state of knowledge on slope aspect controls of Critical Zone (CZ) processes using the latitudinal and elevational dependence of topographic asymmetry as a motivating observation. At relatively low latitudes and elevations, pole‐facing hillslopes tend to be steeper. At higher latitudes and elevations this pattern reverses. We reproduce this pattern using an empirical model based on parsimonious functions of latitude, an aridity index, mean‐annual temperature, and slope gradient. Using this empirical model and the literature as guides, we present a conceptual model for the slope‐aspect‐driven CZ feedbacks that generate asymmetry in water‐limited and temperature‐limited end‐member cases. In this conceptual model the dominant factor driving slope aspect differences at relatively low latitudes and elevations is the difference in mean‐annual soil moisture. The dominant factor at higher latitudes and elevations is temperature limitation on vegetation growth. In water‐limited cases, we propose that higher mean‐annual soil moisture on pole‐facing hillslopes drives higher soil production rates, higher water storage potential, more vegetation cover, faster dust deposition, and lower erosional efficiency in a positive feedback. At higher latitudes and elevations, pole‐facing hillslopes tend to have less vegetation cover, greater erosional efficiency, and gentler slopes, thus reversing the pattern of asymmetry found at lower latitudes and elevations. Our conceptual model emphasizes the linkages among short‐ and long‐timescale processes and across CZ sub‐disciplines; it also points to opportunities to further understand how CZ processes interact. We also demonstrate the importance of paleoclimatic conditions and non‐climatic factors in influencing slope aspect variations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tectonic setting of the Late Triassic magmatism in the Qinling Orogen: New constraints from the interplay between granite emplacement and shear zone deformation in the Shagou area
Authors: Li Yang , Liang Wentian , Zhang Guowei , Jiang Dazhi , Wang Jingli 
Published: December 2017

Multidisciplinary studies of the Baliping granite pluton and the Shagou shear zone (East Qinling Orogen, Central China) have been conducted to reconstruct the emplacement and deformation processes of the Baliping pluton, to explore the relationship between granite pluton and shear zone deformation, and further to constrain the tectonic setting of the Late Triassic magmatism in the Qinling Orogen which remains controversial. Zircon U–Pb geochronology studies confirmed that the Baliping granites and the protolithes of the Shagou granitic mylonites crystallized from the same magmas at ca. 221 Ma since the two nearly have the same zircon U–Pb ages and Ti–in–zircon temperatures. Meanwhile, the 210 Ma of metamorphic zircons and the 201 Ma of syntectonic granitic vein provide precise limits on the timing of synkinematic deformation in response to Late Triassic orogeny. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, microstructural observation, and shape preferred orientation were combined to study the internal structures. New fabrics datasets display a high degree of coupling between the Baliping pluton and the Shagou shear zone, indicating a syntectonic emplacement of the pluton. Microstructural data suggest that the magmatic to high‐temperature solid‐state deformation is a continuum process in which the fabrics were mainly acquired. We propose an integrated syntectonic emplacement model of the Baliping pluton, in which the shear zone deformation (sinistral transpression) play a significant role on the emplacement of the magma by creating rooms. Emplacement of the pluton, in turn, triggers the nucleation of Shagou shear zone by providing the protoliths and the heat. On the basis of this study, we argued that the Qinling Orogen was still under the convergent setting during 221–201 Ma.
Defining quality of care during childbirth from the perspectives of Nigerian and Ugandan women: A qualitative study
Authors: Bohren Meghan A. , Titiloye Musibau A. , Kyaddondo David , Hunter Erin C. , Oladapo Olufemi T. , Tunçalp Özge , Byamugisha Josaphat , Olutayo Akinpelu O. , Vogel Joshua P. , Gülmezoglu A. Metin , Fawole Bukola , Mugerwa Kidza 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo explore what “quality of care” means to childbearing women in Nigeria and Uganda, as a means of ensuring that women's voices and opinions are prioritized when developing interventions to improve quality in maternity care provision.MethodsQualitative methods, with a purposive sample of women in Nigeria and Uganda. Participants were asked to define quality of care and to provide examples of when it was and was not provided. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize findings based on an a priori framework (the WHO quality of care framework).Results132 in‐depth interviews and 21 focus group discussions are included. Participants spontaneously discussed each of the WHO framework domains of quality of care. Data were richest across the domains of effective communication, respect and dignity, emotional support, competent and motivated human resources, and essential physical resources. Women believed that good quality of care ensured optimal psychological and physiological outcomes for the woman and her baby. Positive interpersonal relationships between women and health providers were important. These included supportive care, building rapport, and using positive and clear language.ConclusionTo provide good quality of care, maternity services should consider and act on the expectations and experiences of women and their families.
Mini Polders as Alternative Flood Management in the Lower Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia
Authors: Mawandha H.G. , Wignyosukarto B.S. , Jayadi R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe villages of Sumbangtimun and Kandangan, in the Lower Bengawan Solo River, Java, Indonesia, are regularly flooded. These flood‐prone areas are located in a meander of the river with low natural embankments. Flood damage losses were estimated at US$190 000 in the wet season of 2007/2008, with the largest losses in the agricultural sector, due to floods which came early before the harvest season. In this article, we explore the potential of a set of mini polders for the different types of land use, i.e. rice fields, tree crop plantations and settlements, each with different tolerances to flooding, as an alternative way to manage flood risk. The HEC‐RAS and PondPack hydraulic models were used to design an appropriate mini polder system and its operational procedures. According to the results of the model simulations, the inundation by a flood with a 2‐year return period is about 1 m deep, over 2 days, with 250 ha flooded. The inundation by a flood with a 10‐year return period is about 2.5 m deep, over 3 days, with 383 ha flooded. The models were also used to design a retention pond and pumping capacity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
City formation with complex landscapes
Authors: Fain James R. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryUsing simulation methods I explore some of the properties of the new economic geography model using a complex landscape. I introduce landscape complexity by allowing the existence of limited pathways that can be traversed at a lower cost than most other paths. I also introduce a river that may be crossed at limited points and may be used to transport goods. I find that adding complexity substantially alters how many cities form and where they form. Compared with a simple landscape, complex landscapes produce a distribution of city sizes that more closely resemble the actual distribution of city sizes.
Recognising Alternative Rationalities in the Deployment of Information Systems
Authors: Avgerou Chrisanthi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInformation systems research and practice have been developed under the combination of scientific and economic reasoning that forms the bedrock of western modernity. Alternative ways of perceiving the value of technical innovation, often manifested in the deployment of ICT in the social context of developing countries, are poorly understood and tend to be dismissed as ‘irrational’. In this paper I review the literature that challenges the supremacy of the mutually dependent techno‐scientific and economic rationalities of modernity and I argue for a shift from a universalistic and a‐contextual notion of rationality to considering rationality as a system of reasoning arising from particular historical experiences and related to culture.Theoretical discussion on rationality draws from Weber's analysis, critical theory, constructivist studies of science and technology, and writers on postmodernity. The manifestation and significance of alternative rationalities is demonstrated with two examples of systems implementation efforts, and the paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for professional practice.
A Preliminary Evaluation of Online Access Centres: Promoting Micro E‐Business Activity in Small, Isolated Communities
Authors: Young Judy , Ridley Gail , Ridley Jeff 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper reports on a study of 18 of the 20 first round of community online access centres introduced in Tasmania, the only island state of Australia. The access centres were designed to redress some disadvantages of living and working in rural regions of Tasmania, such as isolation and economic inequity. The investigation aimed to determine and evaluate trends in micro e‐business activity associated with use of the centres. Statistical data collected over a two year period in eighteen community online access centres were utilised. Comparisons were made of five communities with populations of 2 000–15 000, and thirteen with populations below 2 000. Differences were found in micro e‐business activity generated in the two population categories. In centres in the larger communities, micro e‐business activity was more uniform over the period. However, this was in marked contrast to the surge in micro e‐business activity noted in the smaller population centres over the investigation period. It is proposed that differences in micro e‐business activity may be explained by more limited opportunities outside the online access centres in the smaller communities. The findings of this foundation study suggest that online access centres do promote e‐business activity in small, isolated communities, and they may offer potential to address limited business opportunities in geographically remote areas.
Comparing Approaches: Telecentre Evaluation Experiences in Asia and Latin America
Authors: Reilly Katherine , Gómez Ricardo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIDRC has telecentre evaluation initiatives in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Each of these is in the process of establishing evaluation frameworks and each is adopting very different approaches. The current paper seeks to build on the outputs of IDRC's Far Hills Workshop on Telecentre Evaluation (September 1999) to explore the experiences in the two regions. These explorations will in turn contribute to IDRC's current initiative to develop a framework for ICTs evaluation.The Far Hills Workshop, and the resulting report entitledTelecentre Evaluation: A Global Perspective, had as objectives to explore challenges and opportunities for telecentre evaluation; understand and compare emerging evaluation frameworks and methodologies; assess needs and resources available; identify salient issues affecting telecentre performance; and provide an opportunity to exchange experiences and lessons across regions.