bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fallacies and biases
Authors: Seremeta Ermioni , Flecken Monique , Andone Corina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
When processing political arguments, people are strongly affected by their prior ideological beliefs. Political
cognition often relies on two types of ideological biases. Firstly, confirmation bias leads addressees of political communication
to accept arguments that affirm their preferred ideological positions. Secondly, disconfirmation bias probes reasoners to reject
arguments that provide attitudinally incongruent evidence. Here, we report the findings of an experiment aimed at investigating
the role of biased reasoning on perceptions of argument soundness. We focused on the processing of the strawman fallacy to
determine whether strawman effectiveness is contingent upon the activation of different ideological biases. We examined argument
comprehension, argument evaluation and fallacy identification by means of a memory task, a rating task and an interview. Our data
suggests that ideological biases and fallacy effect are associated with deliberative cognitive settings and marks a distinction
between evaluative attitudes and the capacity to identify fallacies in political argumentation.
Fundamental theory of current-induced motion of magnetic skyrmions
Authors: Ohki Yuto , Mochizuki Masahito 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are topological spin textures that appear in magnets with broken spatial inversion symmetry as a consequence of competition between the (anti)ferromagnetic exchange interactions and the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions in a magnetic field. In the research of spintronics, the current-driven dynamics of skyrmions has been extensively studied aiming at their applications to next-generation spintronic devices. However, current-induced skyrmion motion exhibits diverse behaviors depending on various factors and conditions such as the type of skyrmion, driving mechanism, system geometry, direction of applied current, and type of the magnet. While this variety attracts enormous research interest of fundamental science and enriches their possibilities of technical applications, it is, at the same time, a source of difficulty and complexity that hinders their comprehensive understandings. In this article, we discuss fundamental and systematic theoretical descriptions of current-induced motion of skyrmions driven by the spin-transfer torque and the spin–orbit torque. Specifically, we theoretically describe the behaviors of current-driven skyrmions depending on the factors and conditions mentioned above by means of analyses using the Thiele equation. Furthermore, the results of the analytical theory are visually demonstrated and quantitatively confirmed by micromagnetic simulations using the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert–Slonczewski equation. In particular, we discuss dependence of the direction and velocity of motion on the type of skyrmion (Bloch type and Néel type) and its helicity, the system geometry (thin plate and nanotrack), the direction of applied current (length and width direction of the nanotrack) and its spin-polarization orientation, and the type of magnet (ferromagnet and antiferromagnet). The comprehensive theory provided by this article is expected to contribute significantly to research on the manipulation and control of magnetic skyrmions by electric currents for future spintronics applications.
Low temperature atomic layer deposition of PbO2 for electrochemical applications
Authors: Bielinski Ashley R , Emery Jonathan D , Agyapong-Fordjour Frederick , Jones Jessica , Papa Lopes Pietro , Martinson Alex B F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A low temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for PbO2 was developed using bis(1-dimethylamino-2-methyl-2-propanolate)lead(II), Pb(DMAMP)2, and O3 as the reactants, with a high growth rate of 2.6 Å/cycle. PbO2 readily reduces under low oxygen partial pressures at moderate temperatures making it challenging to deposit ALD PbO2 from Pb2+ precursors. However, thin films deposited with this process showed small crystalline grains of α-PbO2 and β-PbO2, without signs of reduced PbO
x
phases. The ALD PbO2 thin films show the high electrical conductivity characteristic of bulk PbO2. In situ measurements of ALD PbO2 film conductivity during growth suggest a reaction mechanism by which sub-surface oxygen mobility contributes to the growth of resistive PbO or PbO
x
during the Pb(DMAMP)2 surface reaction step, which is only fully oxidized from Pb2+ to Pb4+ during the O3 reaction step. These films were electrochemically reduced to PbSO4 in H2SO4 and then reoxidized to PbO2, demonstrating their suitability for use as an electrode material for fundamental battery research and other electrochemical applications.
Exponential mixing for singular skew-products
Authors: Butterley Oliver 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study skew-products of the form

(
x
,
u
)
↦
(
f
x
,
u
+
φ
(
x
)
)

where f is a non-uniformly expanding map on a manifold X and

φ
:
X
→

S

1

is piecewise

C

1

. If the systems satisfies mild assumptions (in particular singular behaviour of ϕ is permitted) then we prove that the map mixes exponentially with respect to the unique SRB measure. This extends previous results by allowing singular behaviour in the fibre map.
Utilizing parametric instabilities to diagnose edge density fluctuations in TCV
Authors: Clod A , Ragona R , Senstius M G , Jensen T , Kumar U , Coda S , Nielsen S K ,   the TCV Team
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Two-plasmon decay instabilities (TPDIs) are a class of parametric instabilities where a gyrotron beam, polarized in X-mode, decays nonlinearly into two upper hybrid waves at approximately half frequency. Here, we present the design of a simple radiometer that was installed at Tokamak á configuration variable to diagnose TPDIs as well as a novel technique that was used to calibrate the radiometer using thermal electron cyclotron emissions. We show examples of measured radiation from TPDIs that occur when the gyrotron beam intersects blob filaments in the scrape-off layer and demonstrate that the frequency separation of the TPDI daughter waves can be used to assess the densities of the blob filaments. This technique could be utilized to diagnose density fluctuations due to both blobs, ELMs, and rotating magnetic islands.
Research on operating characteristics of V-shaped ultrasonic motor based on improved electromechanical coupling model
Authors: Jin Zhenjie , Yao Zhiyuan , Xu Hao , Gao Yuepeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As a complex electromechanical coupling system, evaluating the motion characteristics of an ultrasonic motor via an accurate theoretical model is challenging due to the strong coupling between its electrical and mechanical properties. To address this issue, the paper first establishes a complete dynamic model of the V-shaped ultrasonic motor. In contrast to the traditional dynamic model, the proposed model incorporates the centroid vibration of the stator and applies the weighted residual method to reduce the computational complexity by simplifying the dynamic model from infinite-dimensional degrees of freedom to two degrees of freedom. Subsequently, the finite element method is employed to determine the vibration mode of the stator structure and derive the two-phase operational mode of the motor. Using these two-phase working modes, the model is then solved to predict the motor’s output characteristics under any operational condition. Furthermore, an electrical model accounting for preload nonlinearity was developed based on the dynamic model and compared with the model without considering preload nonlinearity, supported by experimental verification. The findings demonstrate that the established dynamic model and electrical model can accurately simulate the changing laws of the input and output characteristics of the motor, which provides assistance for the subsequent operation status evaluation of the motor and fault diagnosis during operation.
Strain analysis and preliminary test of an all-superconducting high-field magnet generating 32.4 T direct-current magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Xintao , Shao Liangjun , Gao Peng , Hu Shuai , Hong Wenzhe , Yan Yufan , Zhang Shuqing , Wang Zhaoran , Liu Mingliang , Gao Shuowei , Xiao Mianjun , Song Peng , Ma Hongjun , Guo Liang , Jin Huan , Shi Yi , Hong Zhiyong , Zhou Chao , Qin Jinggang , Liu Fang , Qu Timing , Liu Huajun , Song Yuntao , Li Jiangang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A higher available magnetic field can provide more flexibility for significant research and construction. Inserting a feasible high-temperature-superconducting (HTS) magnet inside a low-temperature-superconducting (LTS) external is becoming an efficient method to build ultra-high-field (UHF) magnets. However, HTS insert magnets exhibited a concentration of magnetic strain during the energization, significantly owing to the screening-current effect. This phenomenon affects the structural integrity of HTS magnets, posing a difficulty for UHF magnets to reach a center field larger than 30 T. In this paper, we report the recent progress of the 35 T all-superconducting UHF magnet project. The full-cycle development of this homemade UHF magnet was a strong collaboration with multiple domestic institutions in China. We used commercial REBa2Cu3O

7
−
x

(RE = rare earth element, REBCO) conductors to wind the 20 T HTS insert. Specifically, we optimized the electromagnetic design of this HTS insert with consideration of screening-current induced strain. We applied the no-insulation and metal-as-insulation winding techniques simultaneously to balance the time constant of the two nested REBCO coils. During the excitation test, the HTS insert maintained a 256 A operation current as designed for nearly 18 h. With the energization of LTS external magnet, the entire facility reached a center field larger than 20 T for 16 h, 30 T for 6.35 h and 32 T for 2 h. It finally reached a 32.4 T center field, at which point the LTS external quenched, inducing the HTS insert to quench as well. After quench, the HTS magnet can maintain 229 A operation current during the postmortem standalone test. This 32.4 T result exhibits the effectiveness of considering the screening-current induced strain to enhance the structural integrity of REBCO magnets, and verifies the high reliability of REBCO magnets by generating a long-duration high field environment without any quench accident originating from the REBCO magnet.
Figure-8 mode-locked Yb-doped fibre oscillator with a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror and power amplification
Authors: Park Eun Kyoung , Oh Ye Jin , Park In Chul , Yang Juhee , Kim Guang-Hoon , Jeong Hoon , Kim Jun Wan , Kim Ji Won 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We report an all-polarization-maintaining Yb-doped fibre (YDF) femtosecond (fs) laser source at ∼1 µm comprising a figure-8 mode-locked oscillator and two YDF amplifier stages. By employing a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror, we could achieve dissipative soliton mode-locking with an output of 24.6 mW at a repetition rate of 6.2 MHz. In our experiments, a Raman signal of 16% in the pulse energy helps to obtain stable mode-locked operation in the figure-8 oscillator. The dissipative soliton pulse from the oscillator is stretched by a chirped fibre Bragg grating and is amplified by a two-stage YDF amplifier. After compression, the YDF master-oscillator power-amplifier system yields fs pulses with a pulse energy of 2.3 µJ and a pulse duration of 274.6 fs at a repetition rate of 0.52 MHz. The output pulse energy is limited by the third-order nonlinearity of the fibre amplifier chain. Prospects for further pulse energy scaling are discussed.
Five-pole wideband quasi-reflectionless interdigital BPF with second harmonic suppression
Authors: Alabedi Yasir , Vahab AL-Din Makki Seyed , Alkhafaji Nasr 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a 5-pole quasi-reflectionless (QR) interdigital BPF with a wide range of non-reflecting signals is proposed, offering good impedance matching. Two absorptive T-shaped stubs are placed at the input and output ports of the interdigital BPF. The absorptive stubs are optimised to obtain the reflection as low as possible for a wide range. Additionally, we shift the adjacent resonators of the interdigital BPF up and down to improve overall performance. The design follows a specific procedure in order to investigate factors affecting the performance. Firstly, the convetional interdigtial bandpass filter is designed relying on the coupling matrix method. Next, we study the conversion of the stopband filter into an absorptive stub. The input impedance of the stub plays a vital role in determining the reflection bandwidth, so it is optimised as well. Meanwhile, the interdigital BPF and one abosrptive stub are combined, where the bandwidth of reflectionless becomes wider compared to the conventional interdigital BPF. Another absorptive stub is added into the other port of the BPF to make the proposed filter symmetric. Different orders of the interdigital PBF are analysed, where the fifth order has the best response. The proposed filter is fabricated and tested, and an FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.5 mm and a dielectric constant of 4.5 is utilized. The simulation and measurement results agree well. The realised S11 is less than −10dB from 0.72 GHz to 4.1 GHz (i.e., −10dB reflectionless bandwidth 3.38 GHz), while the realised S11 is less than −3dB from 0.42 GHz to 6 GHz (i.e., −3dB reflectionless bandwidth 5.58 GHz). The S21 response is good for the transmission band. Finally, some slots are etched out from the gorund to reduce the influence of the second harmonic response.
Sulfur dioxide gas sensor based on vanadium oxide doped TiO2 nanopaper
Authors: Ri Son Ho , Kim Chol Myong , Pak Jong Sung , Jon Sang Mo , Kim Gang Hyok 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The gas sensor based on TiO2 nanomaterials is promising for both industry and daily life because of its simple fabrication, low cost, high sensitivity, and easy application to micro-devices. However, its selectivity is relatively low and strongly influenced by the environment, thus limiting its practical application. In this work, we prepared TiO2 nanopaper by methods of hydrothermal synthesis and conventional paper preparation. To improve the selectivity, we added V2O5 by immersing the as-prepared nanopaper in an ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) solution evenly dispersed in ethanol. Nanopaper is a random array of long nanowires and nanofibers, which retains its shape and structure at high temperature, unlike pure nanowires, due to its high porosity and mechanical stability. V2O5 leads to a selective sensing performance with high catalytic activity for SO2 gas. The surface structure of the sensing material and its porosity were characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS. The improved sensing material exhibited a high response of about 22.6 for 100 ppm SO2 and a fast response and recovery of 9 s and 14 s, respectively. It also exhibited good reproducibility and selectivity in other interfering gases. Furthermore, the long-term sensing performance in the atmospheric environment was maintained for about 50 days.
TarKG: a comprehensive biomedical knowledge graph for target discovery
Authors: Zhou Cong , Cai Chui-Pu , Huang Xiao-Tian , Wu Song , Yu Jun-Lin , Wu Jing-Wei , Fang Jian-Song , Li Guo-Bo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Target discovery is a crucial step in drug development, as it directly affects the success rate of clinical trials. Knowledge graphs (KGs) offer unique advantages in processing complex biological data and inferring new relationships. Existing biomedical KGs primarily focus on tasks such as drug repositioning and drug–target interactions, leaving a gap in the construction of KGs tailored for target discovery.

Results
We established a comprehensive biomedical KG focusing on target discovery, termed TarKG, by integrating seven existing biomedical KGs, nine public databases, and traditional Chinese medicine knowledge databases. TarKG consists of 1 143 313 entities and 32 806 467 relations across 15 entity categories and 171 relation types, all centered around 3 core entity types: Disease, Gene, and Compound. TarKG provides specialized knowledges for the core entities including chemical structures, protein sequences, or text descriptions. By using different KG embedding algorithms, we assessed the knowledge completion capabilities of TarKG, particularly for disease–target link prediction. In case studies, we further examined TarKG’s ability to predict potential protein targets for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and to identify diseases potentially associated with the metallo-deubiquitinase CSN5, using literature analysis for validation. Furthermore, we provided a user-friendly web server (https://tarkg.ddtmlab.org) that enables users to perform knowledge retrieval and relation inference using TarKG.

Availability and implementation
TarKG is accessible at https://tarkg.ddtmlab.org.
A history of traumatic brain injury is associated with poorer cognition and imaging evidence of altered white matter tract integrity in UK Biobank (n = 50 376)
Authors: Lyall Donald M , Russell Emma R , Ward Joey , Stewart William 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. We currently have no means to identify patients most at risk of neurodegenerative disease following injury and, resultantly, no means to target risk mitigation interventions. To address this, we explored the association between history of traumatic brain injury with cognitive performance and imaging measures of white matter integrity. From the UK Biobank imaging sub-study (n = 50 376), participants were identified with either self-reported (n = 177) or health record coded broad- (injury codes; n = 1096) or narrow-band (TBI specific codes; n = 274) TBI, or as controls with no such documented history (n = 49 280). Cognitive scores and imaging measures of corpus callosum white matter integrity were compared between injury participants (versus no injury), corrected for age, sex, socioeconomic status and medications. TBI was associated with poorer cognitive and imaging phenotypes. The strongest deleterious associations were for narrow-band injury (β difference 0.2–0.3; P &lt; 0.01). All cognitive and imaging phenotypes were strongly inter-correlated (P &lt; 0.001). This study provides insight into possible early biomarkers predating neurodegenerative disease following brain injury. Measures of cognition and white matter following injury may provide means to identify individuals most at risk of neurodegenerative disease, to which mitigation strategies might be targeted.
Drug-specific presentation and outcome of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) in children: a scoping review
Authors: St George-Hyslop Frances , Cherepacha Nicole , Chugani Bindiya , Alabdeen Yousef , Sanchez-Espino Luis Fernando , Mahood Quenby , Sibbald Cathryn , Verstegen Ruud H J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe adverse drug reaction with significant variation between patients concerning presenting symptoms and disease severity. Under the hypothesis that the clinical presentation of DRESS is drug specific, we performed a scoping review and identified 644 cases of paediatric DRESS. A single implicated drug was present in 262 cases, and drugs with 10 or more cases were included in this analysis (n = 224): carbamazepine (n = 86), dapsone (n = 16), lamotrigine (n = 25), phenobarbital (n = 38), phenytoin (n = 45) and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (n = 14). Dapsone was associated with increased organ involvement, the highest mortality rate and the longest period of hospitalization. In addition, we showed that trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was associated with higher rates of autoimmune sequelae. This study confirms that drug-specific features exist and may impact the acute and long-term management of DRESS in children.
Causal relationships between cerebral cortical structure and preeclampsia: insights from bidirectional Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis
Authors: Liu Qiong , Jiang Shaoqing , Li Yan , Zhou Aiyin , Long Hanfan , Zhong Weifen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Preeclampsia, a multifaceted condition characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy, is linked to substantial health risks for both the mother and the fetus. Previous studies suggest potential neurological impacts, but the causal relationships between cortical structural changes and preeclampsia remain unclear. We utilized genome-wide association study data for cortical thickness (TH) and surface area (SA) across multiple brain regions and preeclampsia. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to assess causality, followed by co-localization analyses to confirm shared genetic architecture. Increased cortical TH in the inferior parietal and supramarginal regions, and an enlarged SA in the postcentral region, were significantly associated with higher preeclampsia risk. Conversely, preeclampsia was linked to increased SA in the supramarginal and middle temporal gyri, and decreased SA in the lingual gyrus. Co-localization analyses indicated distinct genetic determinants for cortical structures and preeclampsia. Our findings reveal bidirectional influences between cortical structural features and preeclampsia, suggesting neuroinflammatory and vascular mechanisms as potential pathways. These insights underscore the importance of considering brain structure in preeclampsia risk assessment and highlight the need for further research into neuroprotective strategies.
Functional specialization and distributed processing across marmoset lateral prefrontal subregions
Authors: Wong Raymond Ka , Selvanayagam Janahan , Johnston Kevin , Everling Stefan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A prominent aspect of primate lateral prefrontal cortex organization is its division into several cytoarchitecturally distinct subregions. Neurophysiological investigations in macaques have provided evidence for the functional specialization of these subregions, but an understanding of the relative representational topography of sensory, social, and cognitive processes within them remains elusive. One explanatory factor is that evidence for functional specialization has been compiled largely from a patchwork of findings across studies, in many animals, and with considerable variation in stimulus sets and tasks. Here, we addressed this by leveraging the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) to carry out large-scale neurophysiological mapping of the lateral prefrontal cortex using high-density microelectrode arrays, and a diverse suite of test stimuli including faces, marmoset calls, and spatial working memory task. Task-modulated units and units responsive to visual and auditory stimuli were distributed throughout the lateral prefrontal cortex, while those with saccade-related activity or face-selective responses were restricted to 8aV, 8aD, 10, 46 V, and 47. Neurons with contralateral visual receptive fields were limited to areas 8aV and 8aD. These data reveal a mixed pattern of functional specialization in the lateral prefrontal cortex, in which responses to some stimuli and tasks are distributed broadly across lateral prefrontal cortex subregions, while others are more limited in their representation.