bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of methamphetamine use and restrictive interventions in an acute adult inpatient mental health unit: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: McKenna Brian , McEvedy Samantha , Kelly Kathleen , Long Bec , Anderson Jess , Dalzell Elaine , Maguire Tessa , Tacey Mark , Furness Trentham 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to describe incidences of restrictive interventions and the association of methamphetamine use at an acute adult inpatient mental health unit in metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. A total of 232 consecutive consumer admissions to the inpatient unit across a 3‐month period were described for illicit substance use and the use of restrictive interventions (seclusion, mechanical restraint, and physical restraint) prior to and during admission. Of all admissions, 25 (10.8%) involved consumers subjected to a restrictive intervention. Methamphetamine use was either self‐reported or detected by saliva test for 71 (30.6%) consumers. Following multivariate analyses, methamphetamine use (odds ratio (OR): 7.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.33–26.31) and restrictive intervention in the emergency department prior to admission (OR: 8.85, 95% CI: 2.83–27.70) were significant independent predictors of the use of restrictive interventions after inpatient admission. Anecdotal observations provided by clinical mental health staff that consumers intoxicated with methamphetamine appear to require restrictive intervention more frequently than other consumers was confirmed with the results of the current study. As the state of Victoria in Australia is on a pathway to the elimination of the use of restrictive interventions in mental health services, clinicians need to develop management strategies that provide specialist mental health care using the least‐restrictive interventions. Although 26.8% of methamphetamine users were secluded after admission, restrictive interventions should not be the default management strategy for consumers who present with self‐report or positive screen for methamphetamine use.
Reduced angiogenic gene expression in morbillivirus‐triggered oncolysis in a translational model for histiocytic sarcoma
Authors: Pfankuche Vanessa Maria , Spitzbarth Ingo , Lapp Stefanie , Ulrich Reiner , Deschl Ulrich , Kalkuhl Arno , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Puff Christina 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHistiocytic sarcoma represents a rare malignant tumour with a short survival time, indicating the need of novel treatment strategies including oncolytic virotherapy. The underlying molecular mechanisms of viral oncolysis are largely unknown. As cancer in companion animals shares striking similarities with human counterparts, we chose a permanent canine histiocytic sarcoma cell line (DH82 cells) to identify global transcriptome changes following infection with canine distemper virus (CDV), a paramyxovirus closely related to human measles virus. Microarray analysis identified 3054 differentially expressed probe sets (DEPs), encoding for 892 up‐ and 869 down‐regulated unique canine genes, respectively, in DH82 cells persistently infected with the vaccine strain Onderstepoort of CDV (DH82‐Ond‐pi), compared to non‐infected DH82 cells. Up‐regulated genes were predominantly related to immune processes, as demonstrated by functional enrichment analysis. Moreover, there was substantial enrichment of genes characteristic for classically activated M1 and alternatively activated M2 macrophages in DH82‐Ond‐pi; however, significant polarization into either of both categories was lacking. ‘Angiogenesis’ was the dominant enriched functional term for the down‐regulated genes, highlighting decreased blood vessel generation as a potential mechanism of paramyxovirus‐induced oncolysis in DH82 cells. The anti‐angiogenic effect of infection was verified by immunohistochemistry, which revealed a lower blood vessel density in an in vivo mouse model, xenotransplanted with DH82‐Ond‐pi, compared to mice transplanted with non‐infected DH82 cells. Reduction in angiogenesis appears to be an important oncolytic mechanism of CDV in DH82 cells, suggesting that similar mechanisms might account for human histiocytic sarcoma and maybe other tumours in conjunction with measles virus.
Identification and Functional Ascertainment of the Pneumocystis jirovecii Potential Drug Targets Gsc1 and Kre6 Involved in Glucan Synthesis
Authors: Luraschi Amanda , Cissé Ousmane H. , Pagni Marco , Hauser Philippe M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe most efficient drug against the human pathogenic fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii is cotrimoxazole targeting the folate biosynthesis. However, resistance toward it is emerging and adverse effects occur in some patients. Studies in rodent models suggested that echinocandins could be useful to treat Pneumocystis pneumonia. Echinocandins inhibit the catalytic subunit Gsc1 of the enzymatic complex ensuring the synthesis of 1,3‐β glucan, an essential constituent of cell walls of most fungi. Besides, inhibitors of the enzyme Kre6 involved in the synthesis of 1,6‐β glucan, another essential component of fungal walls, were recently described. We identified and functionally characterized these two potential drug targets in the human pathogen P. jirovecii by rescue of the null allele of the orthologous gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The P. jirovecii proteins Gsc1 and Kre6 identified using those of the relative Pneumocystis carinii as the query sequence showed high sequence identity to the putative fungal orthologs (53–97% in conserved functional domains). The expression of their encoding genes on plasmid rescued the increased sensitivity to, respectively, caspofungin or calcofluor white of the corresponding S. cerevisiae null allele. The uniqueness and likely essentiality of these proteins suggest that they are potential good drug targets.
6‐methylmercaptopurine‐induced leukocytopenia during thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Meijer Berrie , Kreijne Joany E , van Moorsel Sofia A W , Derijks Luc J J , Bouma Gerd , Mulder Chris J J , Wong Dennis R , van der Woude C Janneke , van Bodegraven Adriaan A , de Boer Nanne K H 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground and AimThiopurines have a favorable benefit–risk ratio in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. A feared adverse event of thiopurine therapy is myelotoxicity, mostly occurring due to toxic concentrations of the pharmacologically active metabolites 6‐thioguaninenucleotides. In oncology, myelosuppression has also been associated with elevated 6‐methylmercaptopurine (6‐MMP). In this case series, we provide a detailed overview of 6‐MMP‐induced myelotoxicity in inflammatory bowel disease patients.MethodsWe retrospectively scrutinized pharmacological laboratory databases of five participating centers over a 5‐year period. Patients with leukocytopenia at time of elevated 6‐MMP levels (>5700 pmol/8 × 108 red blood cells) were included for detailed chart review.ResultsIn this case series, we describe demographic, clinical, and pharmacological aspects of 24 cases of 6‐MMP‐induced myelotoxicity on weight‐based thiopurine therapy with a median steady‐state 6‐MMP level of 14 500 pmol/8 × 108 red blood cells (range 6600–48 000). All patients developed leukocytopenia (white blood cell count 2.7 ± 0.9 × 109/L) after a median period of 11 weeks after initiation of thiopurine therapy (interquartile range 6–46 weeks). Eighteen patients (75%) developed concurrent anemia (median hemoglobin concentration 6.9 × 109/L), and four patients developed concurrent thrombocytopenia (median platelet count 104 × 109/L). Leukocytopenia resolved in 20 patients (83%) within 4 weeks upon altered thiopurine treatment regimen, and white blood cell count was increasing, but not yet normalized, in the remaining four patients.ConclusionWe observed that thiopurine‐induced myelotoxicity also occurs because of (extremely) high 6‐MMP concentrations in patients with a skewed thiopurine metabolism. Continued treatment with adapted thiopurine therapy was successful in almost all patients.
Neighborhood Disadvantage and Life‐Space Mobility Are Associated with Incident Falls in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Lo Alexander X. , Rundle Andrew G. , Buys David , Kennedy Richard E. , Sawyer Patricia , Allman Richard M. , Brown Cynthia J. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the relationship between neighborhood‐level socioeconomic characteristics, life‐space mobility, and incident falls in community‐dwelling older adults.DesignProspective, observational cohort study with a baseline in‐home assessment and 6‐month telephone follow‐up.SettingCentral Alabama.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling adults aged 65 and older recruited from a random sample of Medicare beneficiaries (N = 1,000).MeasurementsNeighborhood disadvantage was measured using a composite index derived from baseline neighborhood‐level residential census tract socioeconomic variables. Data on individual‐level socioeconomic characteristics, clinical variables, and life‐space collected at baseline were included as covariates in a multivariate model using generalized estimating equations to assess the association with incident falls in the 6 months after baseline.ResultsOf the 940 participants who completed baseline and follow‐up assessments, 126 (13%) reported one or more new falls in the 6 months after baseline. There was an independent nonlinear association between neighborhood disadvantage (according to increasing quartiles of disadvantage) and incident falls after adjusting for confounders: The lowest quartile served as reference; 2nd quartile odds ratio (OR) = 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2–4.6; 3rd quartile OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.0–3.7; 4th quartile OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.7–6.0. Each 10‐point decrement in life‐space (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0–1.3) was associated with a higher risk of falls.ConclusionGreater neighborhood disadvantage was associated with greater risk of falls. Life‐space also contributes separately to fall risk. Community‐dwelling older adults in disadvantaged neighborhoods, particularly those with limited mobility, may benefit from a more‐rigorous assessment of their fall risk by healthcare providers. Neighborhood level socioeconomic characteristics should also be an important consideration when identifying vulnerable populations that may benefit the most from fall prevention programs.
Forgetting of the recollection and familiarity components of recognition in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Lombardi Maria Giovanna , Perri Roberta , Fadda Lucia , Caltagirone Carlo , Carlesimo Giovanni Augusto 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionPatients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a‐MCI) are deficient in storing memory traces relative to recollective forms of declarative memory. Controversial data have, instead, been reported concerning the storage of new memory traces relative to familiarity, with some studies reporting impairment and others sparing of the storage of this form of memory. No data have been reported concerning the consolidation of recollection and familiarity memory traces subsequent to their storage.MethodsTo investigate consolidation deficits resulting in accelerated forgetting of the memory trace, we submitted 16 patients with a‐MCI and 19 age‐matched normal controls (NC) to a verbal version of the experimental paradigm devised by Huppert and Piercy (1977, Neuropsychologia, 15, 643; 1978, Nature, 275, 317), which we modified to obtain a subjective judgement of the memory process (i.e., recollection or familiarity) for each remembered word that had prompted the ‘old’ response. The y/n recognition tests with a remember/know paradigm were given 10 min, 1 hr, and 24 hr after the study phase.ResultsData demonstrated that patients with a‐MCI forgot the memory traces relative to both the recollection and the familiarity components of recognition at the same rate as NC.ConclusionsEvidence was particularly strong for the familiarity component (where a‐MCI patients scored the same as NC at all three delay intervals), but was less robust for the recollection data (where an equivalent forgetting rate across the three delay intervals could be demonstrated only for subgroups of a‐MCI patients and NC who obtained comparable scores on the 10‐min test).
Measurement Reactivity in a Randomized Clinical Trial Using Self‐Reported Data
Authors: Capellan Jahaira , Wilde Mary H. , Zhang Feng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this article is to describe how self‐monitoring contributed to measurement reactivity in a randomized clinical trial (RCT). The implications of measurement reactivity on self‐monitoring and suggestions for minimizing its effect will be discussed.DesignThe study involved a secondary data analysis of responses from 145 participants who completed a 12‐month long RCT. The original sample consisted of 202 community‐living adults with long‐term indwelling urinary catheters.MethodsThe data analyzed were from the participants’ brief responses to the final study question concerning their perceived study participation value. The data were discussed and coded iteratively until three researchers reached consensus. At the end, each item was recoded into eight categories and minor codes.FindingsOur belief that the calendar was the probable cause of reactivity was not fully supported as the control group also learned about paying attention to urinary catheter problems by the questions asked through the seven bimonthly interviews.ConclusionsThe calendar and interview questions were reactive by increasing participants’ self‐monitoring of catheter problems. Specifically, the frequent interviews exposed participants to catheter‐related concerns and provided them with ideas as to how to better manage them.Clinical RelevanceThis article provides insight related to the internal validity threat of measurement reactivity in RCTs and gives suggestions to reduce its effects.
Influence of experimental periodontitis on cardiac oxidative stress in rats: a biochemical and histomorphometric study
Authors: Köse O. , Arabacı T. , Yemenoglu H. , Ozkanlar S. , Kurt N. , Gumussoy I. , Gedikli S. , Kara A. 
Published: November 2016

Background and ObjectiveThe role of oxidative stress in the process of cardiac remodeling, hypertrophy and heart failure is a current topic. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the influences of periodontitis on levels of cardiac oxidative stress.Material and MethodsTwenty rats were separated into two groups: control and experimental periodontitis (EP). Periodontitis was induced by placing a 3.0 silk suture in the cervix of the left and right mandibular first molar teeth for 5 wk. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed and blood samples and mandibular and ventricular cardiac tissue samples were collected. Levels of alveolar bone loss were determined using measurements performed on histological slices and radiographies. Left ventricular tissue 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, malonylaldehyde, glutathione peroxidase, total oxidant status, total antioxidant status (TAS) levels and serum paraoxonase‐1 activity were evaluated biochemically.ResultsMeasurements performed on the histological slices and radiographies demonstrated that applying the ligature caused obvious alveolar bone loss. Oxidative damage markers (malonylaldehyde, 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, oxidative stress index: total oxidant status/TAS) were significantly higher, and antioxidant markers (glutathione peroxidase, TAS) were statistically insignificantly higher, in the hearts of rats with EP when compared to the controls. In addition, reduced serum paraoxonase‐1 activity was also detected in the EP group.ConclusionThe pronounced increase in cardiac oxidative stress caused by periodontitis was due to an excessive increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, rather than due to decreased antioxidant capacity. The results indicate that periodontitis‐related cardiac oxidative stress might be one of the mechanisms that contribute to the pathological process that leads to heart failure.
Diet assessment of the Atlantic Sea Nettle Chrysaora quinquecirrha in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Meredith Robert W. , Gaynor John J. , Bologna Paul A. X. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies have proven useful in deciphering the food items of generalist predators, but have yet to be applied to gelatinous animal gut and tentacle content. NGS can potentially supplement traditional methods of visual identification. Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Atlantic sea nettle) has progressively become more abundant in Mid‐Atlantic United States’ estuaries including Barnegat Bay (New Jersey), potentially having detrimental effects on both marine organisms and human enterprises. Full characterization of this predator's diet is essential for a comprehensive understanding of its impact on the food web and its management. Here, we tested the efficacy of NGS for prey item determination in the Atlantic sea nettle. We implemented a NGS ‘shotgun’ approach to randomly sequence DNA fragments isolated from gut lavages and gastric pouch/tentacle picks of eight and 84 sea nettles, respectively. These results were verified by visual identification and co‐occurring plankton tows. Over 550 000 contigs were assembled from ~110 million paired‐end reads. Of these, 100 contigs were confidently assigned to 23 different taxa, including soft‐bodied organisms previously undocumented as prey species, including copepods, fish, ctenophores, anemones, amphipods, barnacles, shrimp, polychaete worms, flukes, flatworms, echinoderms, gastropods, bivalves and hemichordates. Our results not only indicate that a ‘shotgun’ NGS approach can supplement visual identification methods, but targeted enrichment of a specific amplicon/gene is not a prerequisite for identifying Atlantic sea nettle prey items.
Genocide, Diversity, and John Dewey's Progressive Education
Authors: Papastephanou Marianna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article discusses how John Dewey's “Report and Recommendation upon Turkish Education” (published in 1924) and some of Dewey's related travel narratives reflect “civilizing mission” imperatives and involve multiple utopian operations that have not yet attracted political‐philosophical attention. Such critical attention would reveal Dewey's misjudgments concerning issues of diversity, geopolitics, and global justice. Based on an ethicopolitical reading of the relevant sources, the aim here is to expose developmentalist and colonial vestiges, to raise searching questions, and to obtain a heightened view on the stakes of Dewey's utopianism and progressive pragmatism. The article concludes that the acknowledgment of the Armenian genocide constitutes a major challenge to Dewey scholarship.
Timmermann, Forschler, and The Attempt to Bridge the Kantian‐Consequentialist Gap
Authors: Wall Edmund 
Published: November 2016

AbstractScott Forschler defends R. M. Hare's rationalist‐universalizing‐utilitarian moral approach against Jens Timmermann's critique of it. He argues that Timmermann fails to see that Kant's ethical rationalism might be consistent with utilitarianism, and argues that Timmermann merely assumes that Kant's deontology follows logically from his ethical rationalism. In Forschler's estimation, it has not been established that either Kant's or Hare's ethical rationalism is inconsistent with utilitarianism. This article, however, argues that, in his response to Timmermann on behalf of Hare's rationalist‐universalizing‐utilitarian approach, Forschler has overlooked something very significant at the foundational level of Hare's moral approach, and that this oversight undercuts his response to Timmermann. The analysis also invites a metaethical investigation of preference satisfaction as it is found in Hare's moral approach. The article uncovers some fundamental metaethical presuppositions in Hare's normative approach, presuppositions overlooked by Forschler.
Perpetrators and Social Death: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Tirrell Lynne 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUnderstanding evil requires both addressing the grave wrongs done to the victim and addressing the perpetrator who does these wrongs. Claudia Card's concept of social vitality was developed to explain what génocidaires destroy in their victims. This essay brings that concept into conversation with perpetrator testimony, arguing that the génocidaires’ desire for their own social vitality, achieved through their destruction of the social world of their targets, in fact boomerangs to corrode the vitality of their own lives. This is true whether they succeed or fail in their genocidal project. Card's recent analysis of “being a badass” is brought to bear on the cultivation of evil, and the essay suggests four strategies for meeting Card's “moral challenge of avoiding evil responses to evil.”
Stationarity‐Based Approach for the Selection of Lag Length in Cointegration Analysis Used for Structural Damage Detection
Authors: Dao Phong B. , Staszewski Wieslaw J. , Klepka Andrzej 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCointegration has been recently brought to structural health monitoring (SHM) as a new methodology for dealing with the problem of environmental and/or operational variability in monitored structures. However, it is well known that the choice of lag length in cointegration analysis has a strong influence on damage detection results. The article presents a new approach for optimal lag length selection in cointegration analysis used for structural damage detection. This new method is based on stationarity analysis of data representing undamaged condition. The proposed method is validated using Lamb wave data under the effects of temperature variations and vibroacoustic data obtained from nonlinear vibroacoustic modulation experiments with different low‐frequency vibration (or modal) excitations. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method for structural damage detection based on SHM data heavily affected by environmental or operational conditions.
Prevalence and impact of anxiety and depression in Chinese peritoneal dialysis patients: A single centre study
Authors: Chan Koon Ming , Cheung Chi Yuen , Chan Yiu Han , Chan Hoi Wong , Chak Wai Leung , Chau Ka Foon 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimAnxiety and depression are prevalent among patients with end stage renal failure. However, data concerning their role in the subsequent peritonitis and hospitalization was scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of psychological problems in our Chinese peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and its association with subsequent clinical outcome.MethodsThis was a single‐centre prospective cohort study. All patients newly started on PD between 1 September 2012 and 31 December 2014 were recruited. Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale was used to categorize the patients into high score group (HSG) and low score group (LSG). Higher score reflects higher emotional distress.ResultsA total of 132 patients were recruited. Seventy‐five patients (55%) were categorized as HSG. Higher overall peritonitis rate and Gram‐positive organism associated peritonitis rate were observed in HSG (P = 0.012 and P = 0.016, respectively). The hospitalization rates in HSG and LSG were 1.20 episodes per patient‐year and 1.05 episodes per patient‐year respectively. Both high CCI (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.10–1.62, P < 0.01) and HSG (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.27–7.93, P = 0.01) were independent risk factors for PD peritonitis.ConclusionAnxiety and depression were also common among Chinese PD patients. Those in HSG were more likely to develop PD peritonitis. These psychological symptoms deserved early detection. Further studies are needed to investigate whether intervention can improve the clinical outcome of these patients.