bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPONGE (Callyspongia sp., Callyspongia basilana, and Haliclona sp.) CULTURE WITH DIFFERENT INITIAL EXPLANT SIZES
Authors: Rosmiati Rosmiati , Pong-Masak Petrus Rani , Suryati Emma , Tjaronge Muhammad 
Published: October 2016

Sponge global demand for industry and research needs far exceeds supply from the sea. Aquaculture is considered as the only viable method that can supply sufficient and sustainable quantities of sponges. Aquaculture method is also one of efforts to anticipate and avoid the over-harvesting of sponges in nature. However, culture methods need to be determined to provide the platform for commercial success. In this study sponges (Callyspongia sp., Callyspongia basilana, and Haliclona sp.) were successfully cultured by transplantation method using polyethylene net with the initial explant sizes of 1 cm, 3 cm, and 5 cm. The result showed that the sponge growth and survival rates were dependent on the species. Callyspongia sp. and Callyspongia basilana gave the highest growth and survival rates on the treatment 3 cm with the final explants length reached 12.20 ± 2.35 cm and 7.603 ± 0.93 cm and survival rates reached 98.33% and 36.67%. In contrast, Haliclona sp. had the highest growth (21.67 ± 0.25) and survival (95%) on treatment 5 cm. Nevertheless, among the three species, treatment using 3 cm and 5 cm of initial explant sizes did not show a significant difference. Therefore for the efficiency of explants use, the best initial explant length for culturing the three species of sponges is 3 cm.
ESTIMASI HERITABILITAS UDANG GALAH (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) BERBASIS PADA KERAGAMAN FENOTIP
Authors: Hadie Lies Emmawati , Hadie Wartono , Sularto Sularto 
Published: October 2016

<p>Penelitian ini dirancang untuk menghitung heritabilitas pada sifat bobot udang galah (<em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em>) pada umur lima bulan. Lima full-sib dan 15 half-sib dipelihara pada dua tingkat salinitas yaitu 0‰ dan 10‰, dengan rata-rata bobot sebesar 5,6 g; dan  = 0,40 g. Komponen keragaman diestimasi dengan mixed model leastsquares dan maximum likelihood. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respons genetik yang tinggi dapat diperoleh melalui seleksi bobot, karena nilai heritabilitas pada sifat tersebut relatif tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini juga memperlihatkan bahwa kisaran nilai h2 pada air tawar (0,509-0,866) dan air payau (0,235-0,499). Jadi nilai h2 pada air tawar lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan lingkungan air payau pada salinitas 10,0‰. Kisaran nilai h2 yang dicapai pada out-crossing antara koleksi Barito dengan Musi adalah 0,663±0,037-0,866±0,047. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk menghasilkan perbaikan mutu genetik pada udang galah dapat ditempuh melalui program seleksi yang dikombinasikan dengan metode pemijahan secara out-crossing.</p>
DOMESTIKASI DAN EVALUASI TINGKAT KEMATANGAN GONAD IKAN TILAN MERAH (Mastacembelus erytrotaenia)
Authors: Sudarto Sudarto 
Published: October 2016

Ikan tilan merah merupakan salah satu jenis ikan hias yang sampai saat ini belum dibudidayakan. Potensi sebagai ikan hias dan ikan konsumsi sangat bagus. Untuk itu, dilakukan pembudidayaan di luar habitatnya dengan memelihara calon induk sebanyak 150 ekor di dalam wadah bak beton masing-masing 75 ekor untuk melakukan adaptasi terhadap pakan buatan dan pakan alami berupa cacing tanah selama 2 bulan. Setelah itu dilakukan pengamatan di dalam bak fiberglass ukuran 60 cm x 70 cm x 80 cm (volume air 250 L) dengan sistem resirkulasi tertutup. Setiap bak diisi 15 ekor ikan dan dibagi ke dalam 3 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan, tiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan pertama diberi pakan buatan 100%, perlakuan kedua diberikan pakan alami (cacing tanah) 100%, dan perlakuan ketiga diberikan 50% pakan buatan dan 50% pakan alami. Sampling pertumbuhan dilakukan setiap bulan selama 6 bulan. Kualitas air dilakukan setiap minggu meliputi O2, alkalinitas, pH, CO2, nitrat, nitrit, amonia, konduktivitas. Pada akhir penelitian dilakukan pembedahan untuk melihat perkembangan gonad. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ikan dengan bobot kurang dari 250 g mempunyai variasi perkembangan gonad dengan TKG III hingga V, sedangkan bobot di atas 250 g sudah dijumpai gonad pada TKG VI.
Szczęście obozów
Authors: Pakos Barbara 
Published: October 2016

Artykuł dotyczy przeżywania szczęścia w sytuacjach skrajnie trudnych, podczas pobytu w sowieckich lub hitlerowskich obozach. Autorka tekstu zastanawia się, czy jest możliwe doświadczenie radości w takich warunkach, ale również czy możemy szczęście rozumieć jako ulotne chwile, niezwiązane w żaden sposób z dobrym, pomyślnym życiem. Wspomnienia więźniów są świadectwem, że jest to możliwe. Chwile szczęścia i radości miały ogromną wartość, pomagały więźniom przeżyć.
Szczęście społeczeństwa nowego kapitalizmu według Richarda Sennetta
Authors: Janas Agnieszka 
Published: October 2016

Współczesne społeczeństwo, zarówno w wymiarze globalnym, jak i poszczególnych społeczeństw krajów wysoko rozwiniętych, określone zostało mianem społeczeństwa nowego kapitalizmu. Jednym z jego charakterystycznych wymiarów jest postrzeganie człowieka przede wszystkim jako konsumenta, któremu sprzedać można wszystko: nie tylko dobra materialne, lecz także osoby, idee i wartości. Współczesne społeczeństwa krajów wysoko uprzemysłowionych postrzegają szczęście przez pryzmat posiadanych dóbr materialnych, a środkiem do jego osiągnięcia są pieniądze. Ludzie nie dostrzegają problemów płynących z kryzysu wartości niematerialnych, bez których szczęście człowieka nie jest możliwe, takich jak: rodzina, empatia oraz trwałe relacje międzyludzkie oparte na tolerancji i szacunku. Poruszane przez Richarda Sennetta problemy są również obecne w społeczeństwie polskim. Sennett uważa za niezbędne podjęcie szeroko zakrojonej i wytrwałej działalności edukacyjnej, szczególnie wśród młodego pokolenia, które jeśli zostanie odpowiednio wychowane – przygotowane, nie podda się łatwo lansowanemu modelowi szczęścia, a z drugiej strony wprowadzi do niego konieczne zmiany, tak by odpowiadało ono rzeczywistym pragnieniom ludzkim.
Reduced-Polymer-Loading, High-Temperature Fracturing Fluids by Use of Nanocrosslinkers
Authors: Liang Feng , Al-Muntasheri Ghaithan , Ow Hooisweng , Cox Jason 
Published: October 2016

Summary
In the quest to discover more natural-gas resources, considerable attention has been devoted to finding and extracting gas locked within tight formations with permeability in the nano- to microdarcy range. The main challenges associated with working in such formations are the intrinsically high-temperature and high-pressure bottom conditions. For formations with bottomhole temperatures at approximately 350–400°F, traditional hydraulic-fracturing fluids that use crosslinked polysaccharide gels, such as guar and its derivatives, are not suitable because of significant polymer breakdown in this temperature range. Fracturing fluids that can work at these temperatures require thermally stable synthetic polymers such as acrylamide-based polymers. However, such polymers have to be used at very-high concentrations to suspend proppants. The high-polymer concentrations make it very difficult to completely degrade at the end of a fracturing operation. As a consequence, formation damage by polymer residue can reduce formation conductivity to gas flow.
This paper addresses the shortcomings of the current state-of-the-art high-temperature fracturing fluids and focuses on developing a less-damaging, high-temperature-stable fluid that can be used at temperatures up to 400°F. A laboratory study was conducted with this novel system, which comprises a synthetic acrylamide-based copolymer gelling agent and is capable of being crosslinked with an amine-containing polymer-coated nanosized particulate crosslinker (nanocrosslinker). The laboratory data have demonstrated that the temperature stability of the crosslinked fluid is much better than that of a similar fluid lacking the nanocrosslinker. The nanocrosslinker allows the novel fluid system to operate at significantly lower polymer concentrations (25–45 lbm/1,000 gal) compared with current commercial fluid systems (50–87 lbm/1,000 gal) designed for temperatures from 350 to 400°F. This paper presents results from rheological studies that demonstrate superior crosslinking performance and thermal stability in this temperature range. This fracturing-fluid system has sufficient proppant-carrying viscosity, and allows for efficient cleanup by use of an oxidizer-type breaker. Low polymer loading and little or no polymer residue are anticipated to facilitate efficient cleanup, reduced formation damage, better fluid conductivity, and enhanced production rates. Laboratory results from proppant-pack regained-conductivity tests are also presented.
Efficiency Improvement of Exploratory Well Testing in the Cased Hole Using Compact DST.
Authors: Leskin F. Y. , Akhmadishin A. T. , Katunova D. M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Formation testing is a complex of technological operations in oil wells associated with round-trip operation, creation of differential pressure drawdown, multicyclic stimulation treatment and downhole sampling of formation fluid with registration of diagrams of temperature and pressure changes in the downhole and well tube.
The purpose of exploration wells testing is to get the inflow curve and pressure build up curve.
The formation testing in cased borehole allows to: –confirm fluid saturation of reservoir rocks–Investigate the patterns of reservoir properties changes in the near-wellbore and remote areas–define the boundaries of intervals with different fluid saturation in the penetrated stratigraphic sequence–determine formation pressure and hydrodynamic reservoir characteristics–evaluate the initial flow rates of oil, gas and reservoir water–evaluate the hydrocarbon reserves and the potential of the studied horizons.
However, the most commonly used formation test methods do not allow to fully solve the performance targets during well testing process. In order to receive a correct data during testing it is necessary to use modern technology, such as the formation tester tools.
There are a number of criteria for determining the success or failure of the reservoir well testing. Thus, the test oil-bearing formation should be considered high-quality and complete, if the following conditions have been fulfilled: –formation fluid is raised in the tubes to the surface, the fluid sample is collected–there are clear lines of recording of the zero line, the curve of flow period and the pressure build-up curve–The sealing of tubing or drill pipes confirmed by manometers data–The formation test tasks were solved fully or partially
On the basis of these success criteria has been analyzed material of the formation test in exploration and appraisal wells in the column at the Krasnoleninskoe oil, gas and condensate field (OGCF).
Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Emulsification and Heavy Metal Detoxification Potentials of Sophorolipid Biosurfactants Produced from Waste Substrates using Yeast and Mushroom.
Authors: Ahuekwe E. F. , Okoli B. E. , Stanley H. O. , Kinigoma B.. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Insolubility challenges have reduced the efficiency and rate of environmental bioremediation of hydrophobic pollutants occurring in hydrocarbons, soil and water environments. As biosurfactants, sophorolipids possess the unique capacity of activity at the interface of immiscible liquids or solid-liquid phases, thus reducing surface and interfacial tensions through emulsification, dispersion, foaming and wetting, with advantages of stability, ecological acceptability and ability to be produced from renewable and cheaper substrates. In light of the above, this study was aimed at assessing the hydrocarbons emulsification and heavy metals detoxification efficiencies of sophorolipid biosurfactants produced from harvested mushrooms and yeasts isolated from a hydrocarbon contaminated site in Obohia, Abia State, Nigeria. Isolates were cultured on an optimized media fortified with agro-industrial waste substrates of rice bran and food industry waste oil as hydrophilic and hydrophobic sources of carbon, respectively. However sophorolipids production from the yeast, Candida bombicola, was confirmed by the emulsification index after 24 h, surface tension (ST), FT-IR spectroscopy and GC-MS analyses. Solubilization of selected hydrocarbons (used engine oil, kerosene, unused engine oil, diesel and crude oil) was observed with percentage emulsification activities at 60.7, 56.7, 46.9, 44.8 and 40.0 %, respectively. Furthermore, various concentrations of chromium, lead, zinc, copper and cadmium salt solutions incubated with culture supernatants of sophorolipids for 24 h were observed to remove 43.41% chromium from a 10mg/l salt solution and 23.11( Cr), 9.93 ( Pb), 7.29 (Zn), 4.96 (Cu) and 15.71 (Cd) from the highly toxic 70 mg/L salt solutions upon analysis via atomic absorption spectrometry. Our results indicate that sophorolipid biosurfactants could enhance the rate of bioremediation efficiency by emulsifying, solubilizing and detoxifying environmental contaminations of hydrocarbons and heavy metals respectively. Sophorolipids of agro-industrial waste origin possess good surface-active properties that can facilitate the solubilization, dispersion and desorption of hydrophobic environmental contaminants for microbial uptake and bioremediation.
Deepwater Ghana Abandoned and Suspended Wells Monitoring and Verification Process; A Basis for Prevention of Future Unwanted Environmental Leakages of Wellbore Fluids
Authors: Addy R.. , Lawson F.. , Turnbull H.. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In the new oil province of Ghana, numerous deep water exploration and appraisal wells have accumulated over recent years, particularly since the first major oil discovery in 2007. Different operators have been involved and different technical standards applied in Well suspension and/or abandonment mainly to suit company requirements and individual well circumstances. In the meantime, government and environmental regulators have been working with operators to determine what legislative framework is needed in Ghana to underpin these important environmental requirements; the key criteria being safely abandoned or suspended wells that will not leak hydrocarbons or other wellbore fluids to shallow formations and/or the marine environment in the very long term.
This paper discusses the process used by one major operator in Ghana to verify and monitor the status of suspended and abandoned wells. It will also discuss how considerations around well integrity are managed right from the design stage through to construction, production and abandonment phases. It is a process that has evolved with industry best practice. It is based on international standards and involves third party independent well examination as a key component. Important well integrity concepts such as the ‘ownership’ of legacy wells and the dangers of ‘orphan wells’ are considered.
A specific example of well abandonment in Ghana is briefly discussed and the key documentation underpinning a Well integrity management system is demonstrated. To date the system can be said to be effective since no environmental leaks have been recorded though the true test will be for future generations to review this environmental record 100 years from now.
Some information from this paper was previously presented at the SPE Applied Technical Workshop Accra during April 2015 "Assuring Well Integrity in a Diverse Environment".
Fifteen-Year Accident Causation Assessment of the Petroleum Industry in South and Central America Using Statistical Correlations
Authors: Theophilus S. C. , Bassey B. O. , Ajare T. O. , Baroni A. S. , Odigie O. P. , Asogwa D.. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In an era of low oil prices, reducing lost time injuries and other consequences of accidents become more attractive than ever. This paper undertook quantitative and qualitative assessment of occupational accidents that occurred in the upstream petroleum industry of South and Central America from 2000 to 2014. Accident reports culled from IOGP database were coded using a 5-tier system in the HFACS model, exported to Excel spreadsheets, then to SPSS and comprehensive correlations run to test the reliability of the coded data and establish inter-relationships between the 19 variables in the HFACS model. Decision-based error was found to have a correlation coefficient of 0.558 with planned inappropriate operations, personal readiness 0.530 and 0.533 with supervisory violations and physical mental condition, respectively, and perceptual error 0.609 with physical environment. These and other results obtained were compared with established benchmarks, explanations made for a few deviations from expected trends and the significance of obtained results discussed. Inferences were thus drawn and recommendations proposed for health and safety management systems that would avert similar accidents in the future. The research validates human error as a prominent causal factor of major accidents in the area under review as the data acquired, processed and interpreted closely corroborate the initial hypothesis, classical accident theories and the findings of a good number of previous works in the literature. Incorporation and sustenance of a robust personnel and process safety culture was therefore recommended for the entire life cycle of oil and gas facilities; from conceptual design to decommissioning, in South and Central America.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND IN SILICO ADMET SCREENING OF NOVEL (E)-N-(2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL-AMINO) VINYL)-3-(1-METHYL-1H-INDOL-3-YL)-3-PHENYLPROPANAMIDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Manjunatha K. S. , Satyanarayan N. D. , Harishkumar S. 
Published: October 2016

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Synthesis, <em>in silico</em> absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET) and <em>in vitro</em> antimicrobial screening of (<em>E</em>)-<em>N</em>-(2-(1<em>H</em>-indol-3-ylamino) vinyl)-3-(1-methyl-1<em>H</em>-indol-3-yl)-3-phenylpropanamide derivatives.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>(<em>E</em>)-<em>N</em>-(2-(1<em>H</em>-indol-3-ylamino) vinyl)-3-(1-methyl-1<em>H</em>-indol-3-yl)-3 phenylpropane-amide derivatives were synthesized by combining indole ethanolamine and substituted Meldrum’s adduct. The synthesized compounds were subjected to <em>in vitro</em> antimicrobial study by cup plate method and <em>in silico</em> ADMET properties using ACD/I-Lab 2.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <em>in vitro </em>antimicrobial screening against precarious pathogenic microorganisms <em>viz</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aureginosa</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus,</em> <em>Escherichia coli, </em><em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, and the antifungal activity against <em>Candida albicans, </em><em>Aspergillus niger</em>, <em>Penicillin chrysogenum</em> and <em>Cladosporium oxysporum</em> strains. The results revealed that compounds 5b, 5c, 5d and 5e showed good antimicrobial property and obeyed the <em>in silico</em> pharmacokinetic parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The encouraging results exhibited by the compounds (<em>E</em>)-<em>N</em>-(2-(1<em>H</em>-indol-3-ylamino) vinyl)-3-(1-methyl-1<em>H</em>-indol-3-yl)-3-phenyl propanamide derivatives, 5(a-e) can be explored as possible hits in antimicrobial therapy. The molecules obey the Lipinski rule of five when tested <em>in silico </em>and can be used in understanding the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) parameters.</p>
Villes, pratiques urbaines et construction nationale en Jordanie
Authors: Ababsa Myriam , Daher Rami Farouk 
Published: October 2016

La ville jordanienne a historiquement peu contribué à la construction nationale, l’élément décisif ayant été l’allégeance directe à la monarchie hachémite. L’urbain serait en Jordanie un espace peu favorable à l’expression d’une citoyenneté détachée des appartenances primaires.. Pourtant, au sein de la capitale, des citadins parviennent à lancer des initiatives de participation citoyenne au service de la collectivité, manifestant leur appartenance à une élite urbaine post-moderne et faisant même participer la ville à une « citoyenneté mondiale ». Ce livre aborde par la ville la question abondamment étudiée de l’identité nationale et de la citoyenneté en Jordanie, en montrant les formes d’intégration et de démarcation des différentes composantes de la population dans l’espace urbain. Il adopte une approche diachronique qui présente le rôle des villes dans la construction nationale jordanienne, puis les modes de gestion des espaces urbains et enfin les pratiques individuelles de l’urbain détachées des affiliations primaires.
Amman selon les « pauvres »
Authors: Khalil Ahmad Abu 
Published: October 2016

Ahmad Abu Khalil, editor of the monthly al-Mastour which deals with issues of poverty in Jordan, reflects on the widening divides of wealth within the city of Amman and the bitterness of the underprivileged. His essay begins by describing two scenes of daily life in downtown Amman. In the first, street vendors confront police officers who are moving them on by asking them why they are not controlling the growing phenomenon of prostitution in the streets of West Amman instead. In the second, he describes the police trying to disperse groups of youths who are watching private high-society parties in video stores. The author wonders which activity is immoral : watching these parties or attending them.The author is nostalgic for the social relations of the past between the working classes and rich populations, like those of the forties which Abderrahman Munif described in his book Story of a City : A Childhood in Amman. Abu Khalil shows that from the 1970s West Amman separated from the East of the city, and that the impoverishment of the neighbourhoods in the East worsened in the 2000s : an even poorer eastern part of the East appeared, while a wealthier western area of the West emerged in the form of gated communities. At the same time, the relocation of Abdali bus station in 2007 further isolated the inhabitants of the city centre. He also bemoans the extension of the municipality which caused the price of constructible agricultural land to soar, as well as the lack of employment opportunities for the children of residents of these areas.
Des banlieues à la ville. Les termes du débat
Authors: Frey Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2016

Essai de définition historique et anthropologique, à travers des textes littéraires et plusieurs études transdisciplinaires, du terme de « banlieue » ; ceci depuis l’époque médiévale, où il renvoie à la notion de « territoire à la périphérie des bourgs » généralement fortifiés, jusqu’à l’époque contemporaine où il désigne encore un espace en marge des « richesses de la grande ville ».
Bourj Hammoud : logiques municipales entre aménagement, développement et identité patrimoniale
Authors: Mangassarian Arpiné 
Published: October 2016

Est évoqué ici l’ensemble des espaces et équipements publics constitués au cours du xxe siècle dans la municipalité de Bourj Hammoud, au nord-est de Beyrouth, peuplée essentiellement d’Arméniens exilés après 1917. On aborde aussi les effets négatifs résultant de la pression exercée par des logiques d’aménagement plus adaptées à la capitale qu’à ses périphéries, ainsi que les actions envisagées par la municipalité pour sauvegarder le patrimoine collectif.