bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Executive Functions as Predictors of School Performance and Social Relationships: Primary and Secondary School Students
Authors: Zorza Juan Pablo , Marino Julián , Acosta Mesas Alberto 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between executive functions (EFs) and school performance in primary and secondary school students aged 8 to 13 years (N = 146, M = 10.4, 45.8% girls). EFs were evaluated using the Trail Making Test (TMT), Verbal Fluency (VF), and the Stroop Test. Students’ GPAs and teachers’ assessment of academic skills were used to measure school performance. To evaluate the students’ social behavior, participants were asked to rate all their classmates’ prosocial behavior and nominate three students with whom they preferred to do school activities; teachers also provided evaluations of students’ social skills. EF measures explained 41% (p = .003, f2 = .694) of variability in school performance and 29% (p = .005, f2 = .401) of variance in social behavior in primary school students. The predictive power of EFs was found to be lower for secondary school students, although the TMT showed significant prediction and explained 13% (p = .004, f2 = .149) of variance in school performance and 15% (p = .008, f2 = .176) in peer ratings of prosocial behavior. This paper discusses the relevance of EFs in the school environment and their different predictive power in primary and secondary school students.
Osthole inhibits histamine-dependent itch via modulating TRPV1 activity
Authors: Yang Niu-Niu , Shi Hao , Yu Guang , Wang Chang-Ming , Zhu Chan , Yang Yan , Yuan Xiao-Lin , Tang Min , Wang Zhong-li , Gegen Tana , He Qian , Tang Kehua , Lan Lei , Wu Guan-Yi , Tang Zong-Xiang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOsthole, an active coumarin isolated from Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, has long been used in China as an antipruritic herbal medicine; however, the antipruitic mechanism of osthole is unknown. We studied the molecular mechanism of osthole in histamine-dependent itch by behavioral test, Ca2+ imaging and electrophysiological experiments. First, osthole clearly remitted the scratching behaviors of mice induced with histamine, HTMT and VUF8430. Second, in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, osthole showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect to histamine. On the same neurons, osthole also decreased the response to capsaicin and histamine. In further tests, the capsaicin-induced inward currents were inhibited by osthole. These results revealed that osthole inhibited histamine-dependent itch by modulating TRPV1 activity. This study will be helpful in understanding how osthole exerts anti-pruritus effects and suggests that osthole may be a useful treatment medicine for histamine-dependent itch.
Blast shockwaves propagate Ca2+ activity via purinergic astrocyte networks in human central nervous system cells
Authors: Ravin Rea , Blank Paul S. , Busse Brad , Ravin Nitay , Vira Shaleen , Bezrukov Ludmila , Waters Hang , Guerrero-Cazares Hugo , Quinones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Lee Philip R. , Fields R. Douglas , Bezrukov Sergey M. , Zimmerberg Joshua 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn a recent study of the pathophysiology of mild, blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) the exposure of dissociated, central nervous system (CNS) cells to simulated blast resulted in propagating waves of elevated intracellular Ca2+. Here we show, in dissociated human CNS cultures, that these calcium waves primarily propagate through astrocyte-dependent, purinergic signaling pathways that are blocked by P2 antagonists. Human, compared to rat, astrocytes had an increased calcium response and prolonged calcium wave propagation kinetics, suggesting that in our model system rat CNS cells are less responsive to simulated blast. Furthermore, in response to simulated blast, human CNS cells have increased expressions of a reactive astrocyte marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and a protease, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9). The conjoint increased expression of GFAP and MMP-9 and a purinergic ATP (P2) receptor antagonist reduction in calcium response identifies both potential mechanisms for sustained changes in brain function following primary bTBI and therapeutic strategies targeting abnormal astrocyte activity.
Caffeine intake antagonizes salt sensitive hypertension through improvement of renal sodium handling
Authors: Yu Hao , Yang Tao , Gao Peng , Wei Xing , Zhang Hexuan , Xiong Shiqiang , Lu Zongshi , Li Li , Wei Xiao , Chen Jing , Zhao Yu , Arendshorst William J. , Shang Qianhui , Liu Daoyan , Zhu Zhiming 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHigh salt intake is a major risk factor for hypertension. Although acute caffeine intake produces moderate diuresis and natriuresis, caffeine increases the blood pressure (BP) through activating sympathetic activity. However, the long-term effects of caffeine on urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure are rarely investigated. Here, we investigated whether chronic caffeine administration antagonizes salt sensitive hypertension by promoting urinary sodium excretion. Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rats were fed with high salt diet with or without 0.1% caffeine in drinking water for 15 days. The BP, heart rate and locomotor activity of rats was analyzed and urinary sodium excretion was determined. The renal epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) expression and function were measured by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Chronic consumption of caffeine attenuates hypertension induced by high salt without affecting sympathetic nerve activity in Dahl-S rats. The renal α-ENaC expression and ENaC activity of rats decreased after chronic caffeine administration. Caffeine increased phosphorylation of AMPK and decrease α-ENaC expression in cortical collecting duct cells. Inhibiting AMPK abolished the effect of caffeine on α-ENaC. Chronic caffeine intake prevented the development of salt-sensitive hypertension through promoting urinary sodium excretion, which was associated with activation of renal AMPK and inhibition of renal tubular ENaC.
Localized surface plasmon enhanced photothermal conversion in Bi2Se3 topological insulator nanoflowers
Authors: Guozhi Jia , Peng Wang , Yanbang Zhang , Kai Chang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLocalized surface plasmons (LSP), the confined collective excitations of electrons in noble metal and doped semiconductor nanostructures, enhance greatly local electric field near the surface of the nanostructures and result in strong optical response. LSPs of ordinary massive electrons have been investigated for a long time and were used as basic ingredient of plasmonics and metamaterials. LSPs of massless Dirac electrons, which could result in novel tunable plasmonic metamaterials in the terahertz and infrared frequency regime, are relatively unexplored. Here we report for first time the observation of LSPs in Bi2Se3 topological insulator hierarchical nanoflowers, which are consisted of a large number of Bi2Se3 nanocrystals. The existence of LSPs can be demonstrated by surface enhanced Raman scattering and absorbance spectra ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared. LSPs produce an enhanced photothermal effect stimulated by near-infrared laser. The excellent photothermal conversion effect can be ascribed to the existence of topological surface states, and provides us a new way for practical application of topological insulators in nanoscale heat source and cancer therapy.
A high definition Mueller polarimetric endoscope for tissue characterisation
Authors: Qi Ji , Elson Daniel S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe contrast mechanism of medical endoscopy is mainly based on metrics of optical intensity and wavelength. As another fundamental property of light, polarization can not only reveal tissue scattering and absorption information from a different perspective, but can also provide insight into directional tissue birefringence properties to monitor pathological changes in collagen and elastin. Here we demonstrate a low cost wide field high definition Mueller polarimetric endoscope with minimal alterations to a rigid endoscope. We show that this novel endoscopic imaging modality is able to provide a number of image contrast mechanisms besides traditional unpolarized radiation intensity, including linear depolarization, circular depolarization, cross-polarization, directional birefringence and dichroism. This enhances tissue features of interest and additionally reveals tissue micro-structure and composition, which is of central importance for tissue diagnosis and image guidance for surgery. The potential applications of the Mueller polarimetric endoscope include wide field early epithelial cancer diagnosis, surgical margin detection and energy-based tissue fusion monitoring and could further benefit a wide range of endoscopic investigations through intra-operative guidance.
A Concerted Action Of Estradiol And Insulin Like Growth Factor I Underlies Sex Differences In Mood Regulation By Exercise
Authors: Munive Victor , Santi Andrea , Torres-Aleman Ignacio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMood homeostasis present sexually dimorphic traits which may explain sex differences in the incidence of mood disorders. We explored whether diverse behavioral-setting components of mood may be differentially regulated in males and females by exercise, a known modulator of mood. We found that exercise decreases anxiety only in males. Conversely, exercise enhanced resilience to stress and physical arousal, two other important components of mood, only in females. Because exercise increases brain input of circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), a potent modulator of mood, we explored whether sex-specific actions of exercise on mood homeostasis relate to changes in brain IGF-I input. We found that exercise increased hippocampal IGF-I levels only in cycling females. Underlying mechanism involved activation of estrogen (E2) receptors in brain vessels that led to increased uptake of serum IGF-I as E2 was found to stimulate IGF-I uptake in brain endothelial cells. Indeed, modulatory effects of exercise on mood were absent in female mice with low serum IGF-I levels or after either ovariectomy or administration of an E2 receptor antagonist. These results suggest that sex-specific brain IGF-I responses to physiological stimuli such as exercise contribute to dimorphic mood homeostasis that may explain sex differences in affective disorders.
Differential expression of transcriptional regulatory units in the prefrontal cortex of patients with bipolar disorder: potential role of early growth response gene 3
Authors: Pfaffenseller B , da Silva Magalhães P V , De Bastiani M A , Castro M A A , Gallitano A L , Kapczinski F , Klamt F 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness with a strong genetic component. Despite its high degree of heritability, current genetic studies have failed to reveal individual loci of large effect size. In lieu of focusing on individual genes, we investigated regulatory units (regulons) in BD to identify candidate transcription factors (TFs) that regulate large groups of differentially expressed genes. Network-based approaches should elucidate the molecular pathways governing the pathophysiology of BD and reveal targets for potential therapeutic intervention. The data from a large-scale microarray study was used to reconstruct the transcriptional associations in the human prefrontal cortex, and results from two independent microarray data sets to obtain BD gene signatures. The regulatory network was derived by mapping the significant interactions between known TFs and all potential targets. Five regulons were identified in both transcriptional network models: early growth response 3 (EGR3), TSC22 domain family, member 4 (TSC22D4), interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 (ILF2), Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) and MAP-kinase-activating death domain (MADD). With a high stringency threshold, the consensus across tests was achieved only for the EGR3 regulon. We identified EGR3 in the prefrontal cortex as a potential key target, robustly repressed in both BD signatures. Considering that EGR3 translates environmental stimuli into long-term changes in the brain, disruption in biological pathways involving EGR3 may induce an impaired response to stress and influence on risk for psychiatric disorders, particularly BD.
Ultra‐high birefringent and dispersion‐flattened low loss single‐mode terahertz wave guiding
Authors: Rana Sohel , Ali Sharafat , Ahmed Nasim , Islam Raonaqul , Aljunid Syed Alwee 
Published: May 2016

This study proposes a dielectric terahertz (THz) porous core fibre with ultra‐high birefringence and near zero dispersion‐flattened properties. The finite element method is used to design and analyse properties of the proposed THz fibre. The proposed porous core crystal fibre has a triangular lattice with microstructured circular air holes in the outer cladding and elliptical air holes in the core. The design exhibits a high birefringence of 7 × 10−2 and a low effective material loss of 0.1 cm−1 at the operating frequency of f = 1 THz. It also shows nearly zero flattened dispersion with an absolute dispersion variation of ±0.05 ps/THz/cm in the frequency range of 1.3 to 2.2 THz. Power fraction and confinement loss are also reported in this study. The proposed THz porous fibre is deemed suitable for polarisation‐maintaining THz wave guidance.
Performance enhancement of asymmetrical underlap 3D‐cylindrical GAA‐TFET with low spacer width
Authors: Beohar Ankur , Vishvakarma Santosh K. 
Published: May 2016

A comparative study of cylindrical gate‐all‐around (Cyl‐GAA) tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) based on underlaps with varying spacer width is presented. Extensively, simulation results show that asymmetrical underlap (AU) GAA‐TFET with low spacer width enhances the fringing field within the spacer. The proposed device structure has high ION (6.9 × 10−4A/µm), low IOFF (2.5 × 10−17A/µm), and an enhanced ION/IOFF (1013). This is due to the high series resistance at drain channel junction caused by AU. Furthermore, the proposed structure exhibits a steeper subthreshold swing (30 mV/dec) when compared with symmetrical underlap (SU) Cyl‐GAA‐TFET.
Design of a small molecule against an oncogenic noncoding RNA
Authors: Velagapudi Sai Pradeep , Cameron Michael D. , Haga Christopher L. , Rosenberg Laura H. , Lafitte Marie , Duckett Derek R. , Phinney Donald G. , Disney Matthew D. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
The goal of precision medicine is to identify selective drugs that modulate disease-causing biomolecules. This slow process often involves developing a high-throughput screen to test millions of potential drugs to find a few that affect the biomolecule. Here, we describe a facile approach using a disease-causing biomolecule’s sequence to enable design of specific drugs, eliminating arduous and time-consuming screens. By using the sequence of a non–protein-coding, oncogenic RNA, we designed a drug specifically targeting the RNA’s folded structure. In cells and animals, the drug inhibits its target, killing cancer cells while leaving healthy cells unaffected. Thus, a preclinical anticancer drug candidate can be quickly designed from sequence.
Restricting nonclassical MHC genes coevolve with TRAV genes used by innate-like T cells in mammals
Authors: Boudinot Pierre , Mondot Stanislas , Jouneau Luc , Teyton Luc , Lefranc Marie-Paule , Lantz Olivier 
Published: May 2016

SignificanceThe conservation and cross-reactivity between species of the T-cell receptor (TR)-V regions and restricting major histocompatibility (MH) molecules characterizing innate-like T cells, natural killer T (NKT) and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT), indicate important functions for these cells. Yet, we show that the two MAIT-specific genes, TRAV1 andMR1, have been lost at least three times during the evolution of mammals. In the rabbit, which has few NKT cells and no MR1, we found a candidate invariant TR-α (iTRA) chain and another mammalian MH1Like molecule that seem to coevolve in mammals. Thus, at least three iTRA/MH-like systems were selected during mammalian evolution. The new MH1Like molecule may present a distinct set of antigens to a new innate-like T-cell subset. This study emphasizes the coevolution of TR and MH molecules.
Novel Glaucomys volans vocalizations in Indiana and evidence of geographic variation in high frequency communication
Authors: Eisinger Joseph W. , Scheibe John S. , Flaherty Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The study of ultrasonic signaling has provided important insights into the ecology of bats and marine mammals, but it is poorly understood in other mammalian taxa. Recently, ultrasonic and high frequency vocalizations were described in southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) in the southeastern United States and Ontario, Canada. Notable differences in many call characteristics suggest regional variation in G. volans communication. We evaluated this observation of regional variation by examining G. volans communication in a little studied portion of their range, the Central Hardwoods Region of the United States. We recorded calls of wild G. volans near West Point, Indiana, with Anabat II ultrasonic recorders. We described frequency and time characteristics of recorded calls, categorized call syllables into types, and used a canonical discriminant function analysis to refine our classification. Our analyses yielded 11 distinct types of G. volans syllables, 7 of which are unlike any calls described in other portions of the species range. This suggests G. volans either communicates in distinct regional dialects or has a much larger call repertoire than previously known. We recommend the creation of locally specific call libraries across the range of G. volans to ensure accuracy in the study of high frequency communication.
A stellar feedback origin for neutral hydrogen in high-redshift quasar-mass haloes
Authors: Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Feldmann Robert , Quataert Eliot , Kereš Dušan , Hopkins Philip F. , Murray Norman 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Observations reveal that quasar host haloes at z ∼ 2 have large covering fractions of cool dense gas (≳60 per cent for Lyman limit systems within a projected virial radius). Most simulations have so far failed to explain these large observed covering fractions. We analyse a new set of 15 simulated massive haloes with explicit stellar feedback from the FIRE project, covering the halo mass range Mh ≈ 2 × 1012 − 1013 M⊙ at z = 2. This extends our previous analysis of the circum-galactic medium of high-redshift galaxies to more massive haloes. Active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback is not included in these simulations. We find Lyman limit system covering fractions consistent with those observed around quasars. The large H i covering fractions arise from star formation-driven galactic winds, including winds from low-mass satellite galaxies that interact with cosmological filaments. We show that it is necessary to resolve these satellite galaxies and their winds to reproduce the large Lyman limit system covering fractions observed in quasar-mass haloes. Our simulations predict that galaxies occupying dark matter haloes of mass similar to quasars but without a luminous AGN should have Lyman limit system covering fractions comparable to quasars.
Killer immunoglobulin receptor genes in spondyloarthritis
Authors: Kuijpers Taco W. , Vendelbosch Sanne , Berg Merlijn van den , Baeten Dominique L.P. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose of review
We focus on the role of killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) interactions with the human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-B27 ligand and the potential contribution of KIR-expressing natural killer and T cells in spondyloarthritis, more specifically in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Recent findings
In AS strong epidemiological evidence of significant genetic associations with the major histocompatibility complex was convincingly identified. HLA-B27-positive first-degree relatives of AS cases are 5–16 times more likely to develop disease than HLA-B27-positive carriers in the general community. The GWAS era has enabled rapid progress in identifying non-major histocompatibility complex associations of AS.

Summary
These findings show a number of important pathways in AS pathogenesis, including the IL-23–IL-17 pathway, aminopeptidases, peptide presentation, and KIR–HLA-B27 interactions. Studies using genetic markers, including KIRs may be used for a risk assessment about whom may benefit most from the various treatment protocols in spondyloarthritis, now that alternative therapeutic options have become feasible.
Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis
Authors: Barletta Jeffrey F. , Bruno Jeffrey J. , Buckley Mitchell S. , Cook Deborah J. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives:
Stress ulcer prophylaxis is commonly administered to critically ill patients for the prevention of clinically important stress-related mucosal bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Despite widespread incorporation of stress ulcer prophylaxis into practice around the world, questions are emerging about its indications and impact. This clinically focused article will review current controversies related to stress ulcer prophylaxis for critically ill adult patients, including bleeding frequency, risk factors, comparative efficacy, adverse effect profile, and overall cost-effectiveness of the available stress ulcer prophylaxis regimens.

Data Sources:
A MEDLINE search was conducted from inception through August 2015.

Study Selection:
Selected publications describing stress ulcer prophylaxis in adult patients were retrieved (original research, systematic reviews, and practice guidelines); their bibliographies were also reviewed to identify additional pertinent publications.

Data Extraction:
Data from relevant publications were abstracted and summarized.

Data Synthesis:
The existing evidence is organized to describe the patients most likely to benefit from stress ulcer prophylaxis, review the comparative efficacy of proton pump inhibitors and histamine 2 receptor antagonists, the adverse effects of stress ulcer prophylaxis, and overall cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions:
Many stress ulcer prophylaxis recommendations are based on older studies at risk of bias, which may not be applicable to modern practice. Stress ulcer prophylaxis should be limited to patients considered to be at high risk for clinically important bleeding. When evaluating only the trials at low risk for bias, the evidence does not clearly support lower bleeding rates with proton pump inhibitors over histamine 2 receptor antagonists; however, proton pump inhibitors appear to be the dominant drug class used worldwide today. The current rate of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the relative adverse effects of acid suppression on infectious risk may drive not only the effectiveness, but also the cost-effectiveness of stress ulcer prophylaxis today. Research is currently underway to better address these issues.