bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic effects of next-generation sequencing diagnostics in unspecific sepsis patients – a budget impact analysis from the healthcare providers’ perspective in Germany
Authors: Wenzel Anne , Röder Johanna , Poos Tabea , Dusse Fabian , Kron Florian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) tools have clinical advantages over blood culture but are more expensive. This study assesses the budget impact and break-even point of NGS testing costs from a healthcare provider’s perspective in Germany.

Methods
The budget impact was calculated based on aggregated data of German post-operative surgery cases. Simulated cost savings were calculated based on a simulated reduction in hospital length of stay (LOS) of four or eight days with a positivity rate of 71% and compared to the costs of one (scenario A) or two tests (scenario B) per case. Furthermore, the break-even point of the cost of two tests compared to saved costs through shortened LOS was conducted.

Results
For 9,450 cases, an average budget impact for scenario A and scenario B of €1,290.41 [95% CI €1,119.64 – €1,461.19] and - €208.59 [95% CI - €379.36 – - €37.81] was identified for gastrointestinal and kidney surgery cases, and €1,355.58 [95% CI €1,049.62 – €1,661.55] and €18.72 [95% CI - €324.69 – €287.24] for vascular artery surgery cases, respectively. The break-even analysis showed that using two tests per case could achieve a minimum positive contribution margin with an average of 1.9 tests per case across the study population.

Conclusion
The results revealed a positive budget impact for one NGS test and a slightly negative budget impact for two NGS tests per case. Findings suggest that largest cost savings are generated for more severe cases and are highly dependent on the patient population.
A machine learning-based method for feature reduction of methylation data for the classification of cancer tissue origin
Authors: De Velasco Marco A. , Sakai Kazuko , Mitani Seiichiro , Kura Yurie , Minamoto Shuji , Haeno Takahiro , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Nishio Kazuto 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Genome DNA methylation profiling is a promising yet costly method for cancer classification, involving substantial data. We developed an ensemble learning model to identify cancer types using methylation profiles from a limited number of CpG sites.

Methods
Analyzing methylation data from 890 samples across 10 cancer types from the TCGA database, we utilized ANOVA and Gain Ratio to select the most significant CpG sites, then employed Gradient Boosting to reduce these to just 100 sites.

Results
This approach maintained high accuracy across multiple machine learning models, with classification accuracy rates between 87.7% and 93.5% for methods including Extreme Gradient Boosting, CatBoost, and Random Forest. This method effectively minimizes the number of features needed without losing performance, helping to classify primary organs and uncover subgroups within specific cancers like breast and lung.

Conclusions
Using a gradient boosting feature selector shows potential for streamlining methylation-based cancer classification.
An updated landslide susceptibility model and a log-Gaussian Cox process extension for Scotland
Authors: Bryce Erin , Castro-Camilo Daniela , Dashwood Claire , Tanyas Hakan , Ciurean Roxana , Novellino Alessandro , Lombardo Luigi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
At the time of its development, GeoSure was created using expert knowledge based on a thorough understanding of the engineering geology of the rocks and soils of Great Britain. The ability to use a data-driven methodology to develop a national-scale landslide susceptibility was not possible due to the relatively small size of the landslide inventory at the time. In the intervening 20 years, the National Landslide Database has grown from around 6000 points to over 18,000 records today and continues to be added to. With the availability of this additional inventory, new data-driven solutions could be utilised. Here, we tested a Bernoulli likelihood model to estimate the probability of debris flow occurrence and a log-Gaussian Cox process model to estimate the rate of debris flow occurrence per slope unit. Scotland was selected as the test site for a preliminary experiment, which could potentially be extended to the whole British landscape in the future. Inference techniques for both of these models are applied within a Bayesian framework. The Bayesian framework can work with the two models as additive structures, which allows for the incorporation of spatial and covariate information in a flexible way. The framework also provides uncertainty estimates with model outcomes. We also explored consideration on how to communicate uncertainty estimates together with model predictions in a way that would ensure an integrated framework for master planners to use with ease, even if administrators do not have a specific statistical background. Interestingly, the spatial predictive patterns obtained do not stray away from those of the previous GeoSure methodology, but rigorous numerical modelling now offers objectivity and a much richer predictive description.
Using real-time kinetic GPS (RTK-GPS) to improve the assessment of population dynamics and optimize population viability studies of threatened species
Authors: Far Antoni Josep , Capó Miquel , Cursach Joana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe conservation of threatened plant species needs precise monitoring studies to assess population trends and improve management strategies. Here, we investigated the viability of employing high-accuracy RTK-GPS technology for demographic evaluation of Euphorbia fontqueriana, a critically endangered species of the western Mediterranean Basin. Our study aimed to evaluate the utility of RTK-GPS technology, compare its applicability with traditional methods, and determine its impact on decision-making in conservation. We used permanent plots and comprehensive field surveys to monitor population dynamics, and transitions between plant stages and vital rates were recorded and analysed. Results revealed a positive population trend for E. fontqueriana, contrasting with previous studies. Vegetative stage was the most representative of the population, and high survival rates were observed for vegetative and reproductive individuals. Elasticity analysis showed higher value for vegetative stage. The study underscores the importance of employing high-accuracy plant monitoring methods for effective conservation assessments and emphasizes the potential of RTK-GPS technology in enhancing conservation efforts for threatened plant species.
Fungal and beetle diversity in deciduous fine woody debris in spruce-dominated forests in relation to substrate quantity and quality
Authors: Korhonen Aku , Siitonen Juha , Hamberg Leena 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeciduous fine woody debris (DFWD) is a common deadwood substrate type in boreal conifer-dominated forests, but it is usually present in low volumes, and its importance for deadwood dependent biodiversity is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated how DFWD-associated fungal and beetle diversity depends on local substrate availability and quality, and how species diversity differs between DFWD and coarse deciduous deadwood (birch logs) in boreal mixed spruce-dominated forests in southern Finland. We studied 25 forest plots (each 0.16 ha), measuring and sampling all pieces of DFWD with a diameter of 2–5 cm and minimum length of 50 cm. Wood-inhabiting fungi were surveyed from wood samples by DNA metabarcoding and saproxylic beetles were surveyed by bark sieving. Our results showed a clear positive relationship between DFWD abundance and the diversity of fungi and beetles. Tree species and decay class diversity were not important in explaining fungal and beetle diversity or community composition, possibly due to low degree of variation in DFWD quality among the study plots. DFWD hosted more diverse fungal assemblages than birch logs, including species of conservation concern, while no red-listed beetle species were observed on DFWD. Overall, species assemblages associated with fine and coarse deciduous deadwood were non-nested. Thus, DFWD represents a non-redundant complementary deadwood resource type alongside coarse deciduous deadwood in boreal forests.
Considering the Dark Side of Work: Bullshit Job Perceptions, Deviant Work Behavior, and the Moderating Role of Work Ethic
Authors: Riester Johanna , Keller Johannes 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis contribution aims to expand the study of experiences at work by (a) analyzing a theoretical perspective concerning experiences at work which emphasizes both positive aspects as well as negative aspects, (b) exploring the relation of both negative (Bullshit job perceptions; BJP) and positive aspects (Meaningful Work perceptions; MWP) experienced at work to negative work-related behavior (Counterproductive Work Behavior [CWB] and Cyberloafing), (c) investigating the (moderating) role of work ethic, and (d) examining the robustness of these relations when considering additional contextual factors (organizational work values and tightness–looseness reflecting social norms). Three studies were conducted, including two samples of German employees (N = 247 and N = 240), and another one of employees in the USA (N = 253). Our findings reveal that negative experiences at work (BJP) are the main predictor of problematic workplace behavior (CWB and Cyberloafing). Furthermore, their relation was contingent on individuals’ endorsement of work ethic. BJP and CWB (or Cyberloafing) were more closely associated for individuals strongly endorsing work ethic. In contrast, the relation of positive experiences (MWP) to problematic behavior at work was not significantly qualified by work ethic. The observed relations were robust when additional contextual factors were controlled for. The results emphasize the importance and complexity of work experiences including and differentiating positive and negative aspects. They also highlight the significance of work ethic and related beliefs of employees in shaping problematic behavior in work settings.
IDcare – a longitudinal register study of pre-pandemic and pandemic health care utilization and diagnostic profiles among people with intellectual disabilities in southern Sweden
Authors: Sandberg Magnus , Kristensson Jimmie , Axmon Anna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of the creation of this cohort was to investigate patterns of health and health care utilisation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, overall and in relation to specific diagnoses, among people with intellectual disabilities (ID) compared to the general population. People living in Skåne, the southernmost region of Sweden, on 1st of January 2014 with at least one diagnosis of ID (ICD-10 codes F70-F79) or Down syndrome (DS; Q90), or support and/or services according to the LSS act comprised the ID cohort (n = 14 716). People living in the same family and/or household as a person in the ID cohort constituted the ID family cohort (n = 31 688), and those remaining comprised the general population cohort (gPop; n = 1 226 955). Data has been collected for all three cohorts from several national and regional registers. These include registers for health care (2014–2021), deaths (2014–2021), COVID-19-related health care (vaccinations, intensive care, palliative care, 2020–2021). The prevalence of ID was 1.2%. In the ID cohort, 77.9% had at least one measure of support, 5.8% at least one Q90-diagnosis and 63.8% had at least one F7-diagnosis (26.9% mild (F70), 7.4% moderate (F71), 2.8% severe (F72), 1.4% profound (F73), and 25.4% other/unknown (F78/F79)). Compared to the gPop there were more people in the younger age groups in the ID cohort. At this point, no additional collection of data will be carried out. However, there is a possibility to add data from the registers to include years after 2021 or from additional registers. Future publications will explore relevant research questions and report key findings in relation to health among people with ID. Future results will be used to inform policy and practice on people with ID.
Forecasting software indicators: an industry-academia collaboration
Authors: Ayala Claudia , Gómez Cristina , Manzano Martí , Abherve Antonin , Franch Xavier 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Context
Nowadays software-development organizations are urged to exploit their data for empowering their decision-making processes. Such data may be used to monitor the status of meaningful software indicators (e.g., software quality, productivity and on-time delivery) that are relevant for their decision-making processes. Forecasting the values of such indicators may provide evidence of a potentially high risk or opportunity that could help to anticipate actions accordingly. Most of the existing forecasting proposals in software engineering use open-source data rather than data from industrial projects. Therefore, there is a lack of evidence on how these proposals fit the particular needs of a software-development organization and how they can be automated into the organization’s infrastructure.

Objective
To enable software indicators´ forecasting in a software-development organization (Modeliosoft).

Method
We designed an industry-academia collaboration based on Action Design Research (ADR) to address Modeliosoft’s forecasting challenges.

Results
A tool-supported method called FOSI (Forecasting Of Software Indicators) for enabling forecasting in Modeliosoft. We obtained positive results regarding its suitability and technical feasibility in a pilot project of the organization. In addition, we provide details and reflections on the potential usefulness of the method for addressing similar field problems.

Conclusions
The procedures and results detailed in this paper are valuable to: 1) address Modeliosoft’s forecasting challenges 2) inspire other software-development organizations on how to deal with similar problems and even reuse some procedures and software support tools resulted from this work, 3) promote the win-win benefits of industry-academia collaborations.
REDD+ in Indonesia: An assessment of the international environmental program
Authors: Gatto Andrea , Sadik-Zada Elkhan Richard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature and assesses the progress on the effects of Indonesia’s REDD+ program. Due to the significance of Indonesia in terms of global rainforests and the comprehensive implementation practice of REDD+ programs since 2009, focusing on the case study of Indonesia enables interesting insights regarding the challenges and opportunities of REDD+. Indonesia faced challenges during the project’s implementation, but there were also reductions. This success is attributed to the set program design of REDD+. In this paper, we show that without international development cooperation in the field of climate change mitigation, the countries in the Global South lack locally driven forest conservation or restoration incentives. These incentives emanate exogenously from international development cooperation programs in the field of climate change mitigation. The review of the program also shows that despite the rigorous institutional design of REDD+ in Indonesia, not all the stakeholders could benefit from the program appropriately. Because of the de facto weakness of the smallholder farmers, indigenous population groups, and other vulnerable categories in the political process of Indonesia, these groups’ interests have not come fully to their own in Indonesia. Hence, we conclude that international programs that target environmental protection, while addressing inferior institutional quality, bad governance and operate through more accountable NGOs than government agencies would perform better in terms of global environmental targets and the sustainability of local livelihoods.
Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Masonry Brick Walls with Embedded Test Specimen Under Fire Exposure
Authors: Prieler Rene , Ortner Benjamin , Kitzmüller Peter , Thumser Stefan , Schwabegger Günther , Hochenauer Christoph 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The present study is dealing with the heat transfer and deformation of masonry brick walls and an embedded fire safety steel door as well as their mechanical interaction when they were exposed to fire. A numerical approach based on the finite element method was applied to predict the temperatures and deformation. The heat transfer analysis of the wall considered the heat conduction and the radiative heat transfer within the voids of the brick. It was found that the thermal analysis predicted the temperature in the wall with high accuracy. The thermal analysis of the door was limited to the heat conduction and the water vapour transport within the door was neglected. However, the calculated temperatures were found to be reasonable and were further used for the structural analysis. When the door was placed in a central position in the wall, the predicted deformation of the wall was in close accordance to the measured data. The analysis of the door deformation showed that the pressure level and its time-dependency inside the steel door is a crucial factor for the simulation’s accuracy. When the door was placed in an asymmetric position, the wall deformation was increasing significantly. This phenomenon was also covered by the simulation, when the stiffness of the wall boundary condition was decreased. Although the numerical model was capable to calculate the deformation during the fire exposure, further research on the pressure inside the door and the mechanical conditions of the wall at the boundaries has to be done.
Ethical, Psychological and Social Un/certainties in the Face of Deemed Consent for Organ Donation in England
Authors: Machin Laura L. , Wrench Elizabeth , Cooper Jessie , Dixon Heather , Wilkinson Mark 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeemed consent legislation for deceased organ donation was introduced in England in 2020, and is considered a vital part of the new UK NHS Blood and Transplant’s 10-year strategy to increase consent for organ donation. Despite the legislation containing safeguards to protect the public, the introduction of deemed consent creates ethical, psychological and social un/certainties for healthcare professionals in their practice. In this paper, we offer insights into healthcare professionals’ perspectives on deemed consent, drawn from interview data with 24 healthcare professionals in an NHS Trust in England, prior to the introduction of the legislation. Whilst participants supported deemed consent in principle, they were concerned that it would present a threat to the nature of donation as a ‘gift’; the notion of informed consent (or non-consent); and the autonomy of donors, their relatives, and their own roles as health professionals, posing dilemmas for practice. We argue that healthcare professionals present themselves as guardians of potential (non)donors and thus as having ethics and integrity in their own practice. We draw conclusions around the values and principles that matter to healthcare professionals when contemplating consent in deceased donation which will be useful for organ donation committees and ethics forums.
The Great Loop: From Conformal Cyclic Cosmology to Aeon Monism
Authors: Le Bihan Baptiste 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPenrose’s conformal cyclic cosmology describes the cosmos as a collection of successive universes, the so-called aeons. The beginning and ending of our universe are directly connected to two other, anterior and posterior, universes. Penrose considers but rules out a different interpretation of conformal cyclic cosmology: that the beginning of our universe is connected to its own end in a cosmic loop. The paper argues that the view, aeon monism, should be regarded as a natural interpretation of conformal cyclic cosmology and discusses its implications for the concept of eternal return in light of the most popular metaphysics of time.
Defects and phase transitions to geometric phases of abelian GLSMs
Authors: Brunner Ilka , Krumpeck Lukas , Roggenkamp Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe consider gauged linear sigma models with gauge group U(1) that exhibit a geometric as well as a Landau–Ginzburg phase. We construct defects that implement the transport of D-branes from the Landau–Ginzburg phase to the geometric phase. Through their fusion with boundary conditions these defects in particular provide functors between the respective D-brane categories. The latter map (equivariant) matrix factorizations to coherent sheaves and can be formulated explicitly in terms of complexes of matrix factorizations.
The boundaries of gnoseology
Authors: Navarro Jesús , Pino Dani 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccording to Sosa (2015, 2021), the domain of epistemic normativity divides into gnoseology and intellectual ethics, a boundary that results from the key notion that gnoseological assessments are telic. We share this view here and highlight the implications that the telic claim has for different debates in contemporary epistemology. However, we also raise the complaint that Sosa’s analogy of the archer has suggested that this boundary aligns with those of the instant of cognitive performance and its attributability to an individual, as featured in the Cartesian fundamental epistemic question: What should I believe now? Against this Cartesian imprint, we claim that temporality and sociality may be constitutive features of gnoseology. In order to show this, we introduce alternative analogies of belief formation processes that illustrate how cognitive achievements may be collectively attained across time, features that may manifest as an epistemology of conversation.
The genomes of Australian wild limes
Authors: Nakandala Upuli , Furtado Agnelo , Masouleh Ardashir Kharabian , Smith Malcolm W. , Mason Patrick , Williams Darren C. , Henry Robert J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAustralian wild limes occur in highly diverse range of environments and are a unique genetic resource within the genus Citrus. Here we compare the haplotype-resolved genome assemblies of six Australian native limes, including four new assemblies generated using PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing data. The size of the genomes was between 315 and 391 Mb with contig N50s from 29.5 to 35 Mb. Gene completeness of the assemblies was estimated to be from 98.4 to 99.3% and the annotations from 97.7 to 98.9% based upon BUSCO, confirming the high contiguity and completeness of the assembled genomes. High collinearity was observed among the genomes and the two haplotype assemblies for each species. Gene duplication and evolutionary analysis demonstrated that the Australian citrus have undergone only one ancient whole-genome triplication event during evolution. The highest number of species-specific and expanded gene families were found in C. glauca and they were primarily enriched in purine, thiamine metabolism, amino acids and aromatic amino acids metabolism which might help C. glauca to mitigate drought, salinity, and pathogen attacks in the drier environments in which this species is found. Unique genes related to terpene biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and toll-like receptors in C. australasica, and starch and sucrose metabolism genes in both C. australis and C. australasica might be important candidate genes for HLB tolerance in these species. Expanded gene families were not lineage specific, however, a greater number of genes related to plant-pathogen interactions, predominantly disease resistant protein, was found in C. australasica and C. australis.