bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemical C−H Activation: An Early Story
Authors: Eisenberg Richard 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn early investigation in the author‘s laboratory into photochemical C−H bond activation and functionalization is recounted. Specifically, d8 Ir(I) and Rh(I) carbonyl phosphine complexes were found to promote benzene C−H bond activtion and functionalization to give benzaldehyde upon near‐UV irradiation. The carbonylation of benzene is thermodynamically unfavorable resulting in only low yields of benzaldehyde. The photochemical process was suggested as ligand dissociation to yield a 14 e− Ir(I) or Rh(I) intermediate capable of benzene C−H oxidative additions. The research set the stage for subsequent photochemical C−H activation and functionalization studies by others in the late 1980’s.
Case Study: Agile SE Process for Centralized SoS Sustainment at Northrop Grumman
Authors: Dove Rick , Schindel Bill 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn 2015 Northrop Grumman's GCSS‐J Systems Engineering group in Mclean, Virginia, supporting the DISA GCSS‐J PMO, had been sustaining and evolving a critical information service portal for 12 independent user groups accessing 22 independent systems. This web‐based portal is a centralized Systems‐of‐Systems (SoS) hub, dealing with unpredictable independent‐system changes, mitigating immediate‐priority security needs, and replacing uncontrollable obsolescence of COTS software elements – all the while deploying new capability in six month increments requested by expectant users. The systems engineering process combines elements of Scrum, and contract waterfall requirements simultaneously on three release instances, one in development, one in accreditation test, and one in deployed use – with a wave‐like transition among the three instances every six months. The process had six years of effective employment and evolution, winning praise from GAO and users alike. Most notable is the real‐time control model for re‐prioritizing work‐in‐process, the intimate involvement of customer and users in the agile systems engineering process, and the never‐ending evolution with all life‐cycle stages in simultaneous activity.
Graph‐Based Digital Blueprint for Model Based Engineering of Complex Systems
Authors: Bajaj Manas , Backhaus Jonathan , Walden Tim , Waikar Manoj , Zwemer Dirk , Schreiber Chris , Issa Ghassan ,   Intercax, Martin Lockheed 
Published: August 2017

AbstractComplex, cyber‐physical systems must be founded on a digital blueprint that provides the most accurate representation of the system by federating information from engineering models across multiple enterprise repositories. This blueprint would serve as the digital surrogate of the system and evolve as the actual system matures across its lifecycle, from conception and design to production and operations. This paper presents a graph‐based approach for realizing the digital blueprint, which we refer to as the Total System Model. The paper is divided into five parts. Part 1 provides an introduction to use cases for model‐based systems engineering. Part 2 introduces graph concepts for the Total System Model. Part 3 provides a demonstration of the graph‐based approach using Syndeia software as a representative application. Part 4 provides a summary of this paper, and Part 5 lays out potential directions for future work.
The Roles of Systems Engineers Revisited
Authors: Hutchison Nicole , Wade Jon , Luna Sergio 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSystems engineers sometimes have a bit of an identity crisis. As a multidisciplinary approach, systems engineering overlaps with other disciplines and this can make it difficult to differentiate between what systems engineering “is” and “is not”. Using Sheard's 1996 work on systems engineering roles as a starting point, in 2014 the Helix project began examining the activities systems engineers reported performing in a combination of detailed resumes (or curriculum vitae) and in‐depth interviews. After reviewing the data from nearly 300 systems engineers, leaders and managers of systems engineers, and close peers of systems engineers, the Helix team has updated these roles and developed a structure for thinking about the major types of roles systems engineers play based on the focus of activities: on the system, the organization, or the team. There are now 15 roles, some of which have been modified from Sheard's original 12.
An industrial example of using Enterprise Architecture to speed up systems development
Authors: Sjöberg Peter , Kihlström Lars‐Olof , Hause Matthew 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe development of large, complex, heavy construction equipment can be difficult, time consuming and expensive, even more so if the goal is to design a complete site solution. The example used is taken from an ongoing real project named Electric site. The aim is to electrify a transport stage in a quarry – from excavation to primary crushing and transport to secondary crushing. This will reduce the CO2 95% and the total cost of operation 25%. This paper describes how a standards‐based enterprise architecture model can be used to significantly influence continued system engineering efforts as well as the software architecture for the application development. The enterprise architecture model has been developed specifically to ensure overall management of the site. It is this description, created with an enterprise perspective of the site that is used directly to speed up the development of the systems architecture. The model also details the applications that are required as part of the different systems that will support the overall management of the site.
Towards a Modular System Dynamics Approach for Modelling Military Workforce Planning Problems
Authors: Jnitova Victoria , ElSawah Sondoss , Ryan Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMilitary workforce planning and management is increasingly drawing upon Modelling and Simulation (M&S) to enhance decision making. This project is to develop and validate an M&S approach suitable for modelling workforce dynamics ‘from cradle to grave’, offering end users a decision‐support mechanism which is intuitive to use and tailorable to any specific problem within the military workforce context. The project is based on multiple case studies where generic System Dynamics ‘building blocks’ (BBs) are progressively developed, tested and validated. The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) Electronic Technician basic training pipeline is the first case study of the series. The earlier problem scoping and conceptualisation conducted by the authors is continued in collaboration with the RAN stakeholders to develop process models for the three existing pipeline variations. These conceptual models are then used to facilitate effective stakeholder engagement, and to inform the design of the preliminary working set of BBs.
A Combinatorial Approach to Tradespace Exploration of Complex Systems: A CubeSat Case Study
Authors: Qiao Li , Efatmaneshnik Mahmoud , Ryan Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach to tradespace exploration for large‐scale and multi‐dimensional tradespace, which reduce the cognitive workload in addressing numerous design options to a manageable level. Our approach enables exploration by classifying subsets of design solutions or designs of interest, which will in turn facilitate and accelerate the decision making process. As the design tradespace for products such as CubeSats is naturally large‐scale and multi‐dimensional, the proposed approach integrates computational data clustering algorithms with multi‐dimensional scaling visualization. In the proposed approach, k‐medoids clustering provides a grouping model where similar designs are grouped; uncovering hidden patterns and features within datasets; and the principal component analysis allow users to visualize design samples on two‐dimensional scatter plots. A case study tradespace consisting of 1200+ CubeSat design alternatives is used to demonstrate how this approach supports knowledge discovery of design options through tradespace exploration of multi‐dimensional data.
Use of the Goal Structuring Notation to Argue Technical Integrity
Authors: Simmonds Scott , Cook Stephen C 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Australian Defence Force currently uses three separate technical regulatory frameworks, one for each of the services. These are each concerned with accepting materiel – Land, Aerospace or Naval – into Australian Service. These technical regulatory frameworks use similar terminology and conceptually are based upon a similar model of design assurance – in particular the concept of Design Acceptance. Design Acceptance is a process that (among other things) examines the system in terms of its functions, construction, and ability to be safely used and maintained through its service life. The Design Acceptance process has the goal of ensuring a design, sourced from a design agency, has met its specification as determined by verification, has been developed by competent personnel within the design agency, and as part of that development, has been subjected to independent review and certification. Goal Structuring Notation (GSN) is a means to produce a sound argument based upon evidence of the satisfaction of the above criteria. Using GSN, the assurance argument presented to the technical regulator can be partitioned such that the elements of a Design Acceptance argument can be built up over time, and can address the critical elements of the argument appropriately. This paper provides an introduction to the application of the GSN to formulating a Design Acceptance argument and, in particular, its application to a Technical Integrity argument.
Improving Joint Force Integration by Design in the new Defence Capability Life Cycle
Authors: Flahive Andrew , Lowe Donald , Jakobsson Åse , Unewisse Mark 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes several product integration parameters and a method to implement the parameters to improve Joint Force Integration by Design. The parameters support the implementation of the systems integration guidance provided in the Australian Defence's Integrating Operational Concept Document. The proposed parameters and implementation method are presented in the context of the new Defence Capability Life Cycle. The early phases of the new Defence Capability Life Cycle are unpacked and explored in terms of Systems Engineering constructs. The terms Portfolio, Program, Project and Product are explained and what they mean to those working in Systems Engineering in Defence. The method and parameters are explored in more detail through a future maritime example. Through this example several parameters were found to better support system engineering at mid‐high levels of abstraction, to understand justify the main Joint Force integration design decisions of defence capabilities. The most valuable parameters were found to be: Rephrased Integration Need, Importance, Rationale, and Assumptions.
The Impact of Lean on the mining industry: A simulation evaluation approach
Authors: Maunzagona Shingai A. , Telukdarie Arnesh 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe mining industry, especially in Southern Africa, is experiencing significant uncertainty and volatility, and it has become important for mining organizations to find ways to reduce cost and improve operational efficiency. The Lean principle mainly aims to reduce waste specific to resources, time and cost and has slowly been adapted into the mining industry. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of applying the Lean principle in a mining company using simulation modeling. The study commences with literature review so as to explore the most recent Lean application in mining. A case study was utilized to identify and examine the production flow that exists on the diamond production set up. Sample data was collected, and a current state Value Stream Map was constructed. A simulation model of the production set up of the diamond mine was configured and simulation‐optimization techniques are utilized. The study contributes to the understanding of the link between the Lean principle and efficient execution of mining operations. The study also illustrates simulation modeling as a tool to compliment Lean evaluation.
Innovation, Risk, Agility, and Learning, Viewed as Optimal Control & Estimation
Authors: Schindel William D. (Bill) 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper summarizes how a well‐understood problem—optimal control and estimation in “noisy” environments—provides a framework to advance understanding of a well‐known but less well‐mastered problem—system innovation life cycles and management of decision risks and learning. The ISO15288 process framework and its exposition in the INCOSE SE Handbook describe system development and other life cycle processes. Concerns about improving the performance of processes in dynamic, uncertain, and changing environments are partly addressed by “agile” systems engineering approaches. Both are typically described in the procedural language of business processes, so it is not always clear whether the different approaches are fundamentally at odds, or just different sides of the same coin. Describing the target system, its environment, and the life cycle management processes using models of dynamical systems allows us to apply earlier technical tools, such as the theory of optimal control in noisy environments, to emerging innovation methods.
Challenges and Opportunities for the New Generation of Systems Engineering Leaders
Authors: Islam Muhammad F. , Kafle Subash , Wong Al , Guillaume‐Joseph Gina , Heart DeAnthony 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAs the field of systems engineering (SE) is evolving and expanding around the world, systems engineers see the opportunity to grow their professional competencies as practitioners while emerging as future leaders of innovation and invention. At the same time, they are faced with challenges in obtaining proper academic credentials, following through with professional training and growth, and dealing with organizational issues, such as staffing diversity. As the discipline of SE is applicable to virtually all domains—including, for example, healthcare, information technology, transportation, and defense and space—being a systems engineer often has different contexts and expectations based on where the practice is being applied. In this paper, the authors discuss four areas that offer both challenges and opportunities for new generation SE leaders. These include academic environment, certification, technical leadership development, and promotion of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
A Framework to Reenvision Instructional Scaffolding for Linguistically Diverse Learners
Authors: de Oliveira Luciana C. , Athanases Steven Z. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis commentary presents a coherent framework that reenvisions instructional scaffolding for linguistically and culturally diverse learners, based on our research, teaching, and collaborations with teachers. We have worked to understand how, why, and when supports work, for whom, and in what ways, as well as tensions and challenges that teachers encounter as they consider supports for an increasingly diverse student population. The framework is organized in three domains: scaffolding for whom, for what purpose(s), and how. Each domain includes guiding questions to help teachers plan, shaped by literacy research. Relevant actions illustrate ways to address the questions and focus on each domain. Practices of three teachers illustrate the framework in action.
Do contractionary monetary policy shocks expand shadow banking?
Authors: Nelson Benjamin , Pinter Gabor , Theodoridis Konstantinos 
Published: August 2017

SummaryUsing VAR models for the USA, we find that a contractionary monetary policy shock has a persistent negative impact on the level of commercial bank assets, but increases the assets of shadow banks and securitization activity. To explain this “waterbed” effect, we propose a standard New Keynesian model featuring both commercial and shadow banks, and we show that the model comes close to explaining the empirical results. Our findings cast doubt on the idea that monetary policy can usefully “get in all the cracks” of the financial sector in a uniform way.
Chronic arsenic intoxication diagnostic score (CAsIDS)
Authors: Dani Sergio Ulhoa , Walter Gerhard Franz 
Published: August 2017

AbstractArsenic and its compounds are well‐established, potent, environmentally widespread and persistent toxicants with metabolic, genotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, epigenetic and carcinogenic effects. Arsenic occurs naturally in the Earth's crust, but anthropogenic arsenic emissions have surmounted the emissions from important natural sources such as volcanism. Inorganic arsenicals exhibit acute and chronic toxicities in virtually all cell types and tissues, and hence arsenic intoxication affects multiple systems. Whereas acute arsenic intoxication is rare and relatively easy to diagnose, chronic arsenic intoxication (CAsI) is common but goes often misdiagnosed. Based on a review of the literature as well as our own clinical experience, we propose a chronic arsenic intoxication diagnostic score (CAsIDS). A distinctive feature of CAsIDS is the use of bone arsenic load as an essential criterion for the individual risk assessment of chronic arsenic intoxication, combined with a systemic clinical assessment. We present clinical examples where CAsIDS is applied for the diagnosis of CAsI, review the main topics of the toxicity of arsenic in different cell and organ systems and discuss the therapy and prevention of disease caused or aggravated by chronic arsenic intoxication. CAsIDS can help physicians establish the diagnosis of CAsI and associated conditions.
SIRT1/HERC4 Locus Associated With Bisphosphonate-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: An Exome-Wide Association Analysis
Authors: Yang Guang , Hamadeh Issam S , Katz Joseph , Riva Alberto , Lakatos Peter , Balla Bernadett , Kosa Janos , Vaszilko Mihaly , Pelliccioni Gian Andrea , Davis Noa , Langaee Taimour Y , Moreb Jan S , Gong Yan 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a rare, but serious drug side effect, mainly associated with the use of intravenous (iv) bisphosphonates (BPs). The purpose of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with ONJ in patients of European ancestry treated with iv BPs using whole-exome sequencing (WES). The WES phase 1 included 44 multiple myeloma patients (22 ONJ cases and 22 controls) and WES phase 2 included 17 ONJ patients with solid tumors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for age, sex, and principal components for ancestry. Meta-analysis of WES phase 1 and 2 was performed to estimate the combined ORs. In silico analyses were then performed to identify expression quantitative loci (eQTL) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the top SNPs. The associations of the potentially functional SNPs were replicated and validated in an independent case-control study of 48 patients of European ancestry treated with iv BPs (19 ONJ cases and 29 controls). The top SNPs in the exome-wide association meta-analysis were two SNPs on chromosome 10: SIRT1 SNP rs7896005 and HERC4 SNP rs3758392 with identical OR of 0.07 (0.01–0.46; p = 3.83 × 10−5). In the in silico functional analyses, two promoter region SNPs (rs7894483 and rs3758391) were identified to be in high LD with the index SNPs and are eQTLs for SIRT1 gene in whole blood in the GTEx database. The ORs were 0.30 (0.10–0.88), 0.26 (0.12–0.55), and 0.26 (0.12–0.55) for the WES top SNP rs7896005 and two promoter SNPs rs7894483 and rs3758391, respectively, in the replication sample. In summary, we identified the SIRT1/HERC4 locus on chromosome 10 to be associated with iv BP-induced ONJ and two promoter SNPs that might be the potential genetic markers for this association. © 2017 The Authors.Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
The diversity in the expression profile of caveolin II transcripts, considering its new transcript in breast cancer
Authors: Ariana Mehdi , Arabi Nasibeh , Pornour Majid , Vaseghi Hajar , Ganji Shahla Mohammad , Alivand Mohammad Reza , Salari Maryam , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMost studies have revealed the effects of caveolins in cancer inhibition. However, due to a lack of reports about their new transcripts, their presence and their effects on different cancers are unclear. This study was conducted to evaluate the cavolin‐2 (cav‐2) transcripts expression changes in tumoral and corresponding tissues and in contralateral breast, to investigate their variation associated with the variation of caveolin‐1 (cav‐1) expression in breast cancer. There were 40 breast‐derived tumoral, corresponding, and contralateral tissues obtained from the patients with breast cancer. The RNA and proteins were extracted from these samples. So, cav‐1 and cav‐2 transcripts’ variation were assessed in whole tumoral, corresponding, and contralateral breast. Also, their expression modifications were evaluated via the Western blotting technique. The results derived from this study verified the presence of transcript III of cav‐2 for the first time, which was reported only in the gene bank, but we could not detect and validate any protein associated with these transcripts. Also, the decreasing trend of cav‐1 and the cav‐2 (transcripts I and II) were observed in tumoral tissues compared to unaffected tissues especially in stages I and II. It seems that the descending expression levels of cav‐1 and cav‐2 (transcript I, II) besides the lasting expression of cav‐2 (transcript III) are associated with the incidence and promotion of breast cancer, especially in the initial stages of breast cancer. So, this may show a potential in determining the patients who can undergo the prophylactic mastectomy. Moreover, the results of the study demonstrated that transcript III may be a candidate as a non‐coding RNA.
Asthma phenotypes
Authors: Hirose Masahiro , Horiguchi Takahiko 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCurrently, categorization based on cluster analysis by objectively grasping the diversity of pathology is being conducted and the diversity of asthma is being categorized as phenotypes. Clinically, there is categorization based on aging and on allergic diathesis which is clinically useful; however, it has not, up to now, come to the point of selection based on phenotype. Subsequently, what is desired is the establishment of phenotype categorization for the purpose of materialization of treatment strategy which corresponds to individual cases. This study elaborates on order‐made medicine while considering phenotype.
Polychromatic colorings of complete graphs with respect to 1‐, 2‐factors and Hamiltonian cycles
Authors: Axenovich Maria , Goldwasser John , Hansen Ryan , Lidický Bernard , Martin Ryan R. , Offner David , Talbot John , Young Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIf G is a graph and is a set of subgraphs of G, then an edge‐coloring of G is called ‐polychromatic if every graph from gets all colors present in G. The ‐polychromatic number of G, denoted , is the largest number of colors such that G has an ‐polychromatic coloring. In this article, is determined exactly when G is a complete graph and is the family of all 1‐factors. In addition is found up to an additive constant term when G is a complete graph and is the family of all 2‐factors, or the family of all Hamiltonian cycles.