bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I hate my workplace but I am very attached to it: workplace attachment style
Authors: Scrima Fabrizio , Rioux Liliane , Di Stefano Giovanni 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether different patterns of workplace attachment exist and to explore the relations between adult attachment styles and the level of workplace attachment.

Design/methodology/approach
Participants were 351 Italian employees who completed a questionnaire composed of the Workplace Attachment Scale and the Relationship Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using correspondence analysis.

Findings
The results showed that high scores on workplace attachment correlated significantly with secure attachment style, while low scores correlated with insecure attachment styles. These results shed light on different workplace attachment styles.

Research limitations/implications
The limitation in this study mostly concern the use of self-reporting instruments to measure the participants’ attachment style, since they may be susceptible to distortions. However, the distribution of attachment styles in this sample is similar to the worldwide distribution, which supports the authors’ choice.

Practical implications
To the extent that it is possible to identify a specific workplace attachment style, it should also be possible to change some of the human resource management practices inducing employees to develop a workplace secure attachment style.

Originality/value
Researchers tended to ignore the extension of the adult attachment behavioral system to examine core environmental relationships. The present study, applying attachment theory to workplace attachment, provides theoretical support that the bonds that an individual forms with workplace can be classified as attachment bonds.
The role of spiritual leadership in fostering inclusive workplaces
Authors: Gotsis George , Grimani Katerina 
Published: June 2017

PurposeInclusion is of critical importance to creating healthier workplaces, if the ongoing dynamic of workforce diversity is taken for granted. The purpose of this paper is to designate the role of spiritual leadership in fostering more humane and inclusive workplaces.Design/methodology/approachThe authors review the extant literature on two distinct research streams, inclusion and inclusive leadership, and spiritual leadership, elaborate a mediation model, identify antecedents and outcomes, and articulate a set of propositions reflecting key findings.FindingsThe authors advance a conceptual model according to which inclusive practices founded on spiritual values will mediate the positive relationship between spiritual leadership and a climate for inclusion. They argue that calling and membership as components of spiritual wellbeing will reinforce employees’ experience of both uniqueness and belongingness, thus affecting their perceptions of inclusion and inducing multi-level beneficial outcomes.Practical implicationsSpiritual leadership assumes a preeminent role in embracing and valuing diversity: it embodies a potential for positioning inclusive ideals more strategically, in view of enabling employees unfold their genuine selves and experience integration in work settings.Social implicationsSpiritual leadership helps inclusive goals to be situated in their societal context; inclusion is thus viewed as both an organizational and societal good, embedded in social contexts, and pertinent to corporate vision, mission and philosophy.Originality/valueThe paper examines spiritual leadership as a predictor of climates for inclusion. Drawing on spiritual values, spiritual leaders display a strong potential for inclusion, facilitating diverse employees to experience feelings of both belongingness and uniqueness in work settings that assume high societal relevance.
Attitude of bank credit managers and analysts towards firm diversification in Mozambique
Authors: Ibekwe Ibeawuchi 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to survey bank credit managers and analysts in Mozambique regarding their attitude toward firm diversification.

Design/methodology/approachForty-five credit managers and analysts from 23 banks in Mozambique were surveyed about their views on diversification and diversified firms. Questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and binomial test.

FindingsCredit analysts and managers in Mozambique have a generally positive attitude toward diversification. This is mainly due to the coinsurance effects and stability of cash flows that diversification could provide. They, however, prefer moderately diversified to highly diversified firms and related to unrelated diversified firms. This is a puzzle, given the expectation that greater unrelated diversification is better able to provide coinsurance.

Practical implicationsThe study provides information that is useful for understanding the diversification–cost of capital relationship and could help corporate managers in making capital structure decisions.

Originality/valuePrevious researchers have not studied the attitude of credit managers/analysts toward diversification in Mozambique using the survey approach. The study contributes to the literature on diversification and access to external finance, the diversification discount and cash holding behavior of firms.
Exotic flower visitors exploit large floral trait spaces resulting in asymmetric resource partitioning with native visitors
Authors: Kuppler Jonas , Höfers Maren K. , Trutschnig Wolfgang , Bathke Arne C. , Eiben Jesse A. , Daehler Curtis C. , Junker Robert R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Exotic species often cause severe alterations in native communities due to their ability to rapidly and efficiently utilize a broad spectrum of resources. In flower–visitor interactions, the breadth of resource use by native and exotic animals as well as the partitioning of resources among them is often estimated based on the number of (shared) plant species used as resources. However, whether a flower visitor is able to exploit plant resources has been shown to be delimited by functional floral traits such as morphological barriers or attractive or repellent chemical cues. Each of the ecologically relevant traits can be viewed as a dimension of a Hutchinsonian n‐dimensional hypervolume, which characterizes the range of phenotypes exploitable by a species.

In this study, we quantified the sizes and overlaps of n‐dimensional hypervolumes defined by floral traits that are exploited by native and exotic flower visitors (afterwards referred to as exploited space, ES). In the heavily invaded Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, USA, we phenotyped 40 native and exotic plant species and recorded flower–visitor interactions. To quantify the size and overlap of ES, we applied dynamic range boxes.

On average, exotic flower visitors were more generalized in resource use (larger ES) than natives ones, which is additionally indicated by the absence of native flower visitors on exotic flowering plant species. In particular, ES based on floral scent emission was larger for exotic flower visitors compared to native ones. The unevenly expanded ES of native and exotic animals led to an asymmetric overlap of floral ES where exotic flower visitors shared only a small proportion of their ES with natives but occupied a large proportion of the ES of natives.

The asymmetry in resource use of native and exotic flower visitors suggests a potential advantage in resource exploitation of the latter, potentially explaining their success in Hawaiian ecosystems. Predicted range expansion of exotic plant and animal species may further increase the competition for and reduce the availability of resources for native animals. This may lead to further declines of native species and increasing threats for Hawaiian ecosystems.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Multiple Pseudomonas species secrete exolysin‐like toxins and provoke Caspase‐1‐dependent macrophage death
Authors: Basso Pauline , Wallet Pierre , Elsen Sylvie , Soleilhac Emmanuelle , Henry Thomas , Faudry Eric , Attrée Ina 
Published: June 2017

SummaryPathogenic bacteria secrete protein toxins that provoke apoptosis or necrosis of eukaryotic cells. Here, we developed a live‐imaging method, based on incorporation of a DNA‐intercalating dye into membrane‐damaged host cells, to study the kinetics of primary bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) mortality induced by opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa expressing either Type III Secretion System (T3SS) toxins or the pore‐forming toxin, Exolysin (ExlA). We found that ExlA promotes the activation of Caspase‐1 and maturation of interleukin‐1β. BMDMs deficient for Caspase‐1 and Caspase‐11 were resistant to ExlA‐induced death. Furthermore, by using KO BMDMs, we determined that the upstream NLRP3/ASC complex leads to the Caspase‐1 activation. We also demonstrated that Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas protegens and the Drosophila pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila, which naturally express ExlA‐like toxins, are cytotoxic toward macrophages and provoke the same type of pro‐inflammatory death as does ExlA+ P. aeruginosa. These results demonstrate that ExlA‐like toxins of two‐partner secretion systems from diverse Pseudomonas species activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and provoke inflammatory pyroptotic death of macrophages.
Compositional and functional dynamics of the bovine rumen methanogenic community across different developmental stages
Authors: Friedman Nir , Jami Elie , Mizrahi Itzhak 
Published: June 2017

SummaryMethanogenic archaea in the bovine rumen are responsible for the reduction of carbon molecules to methane, using various electron donors and driving the electron flow across the microbial food webs. Thus, methanogens play a key role in sustaining rumen metabolism and function. Research of rumen methanogenic archaea typically focuses on their composition and function in mature animals, while studies of early colonization and functional establishment remain scarce. Here, we investigated the metabolic potential and taxonomic composition of the methanogenic communities across different rumen developmental stages. We discovered that the methanogenesis process changes with age and that the early methanogenic community is characterized by a high activity of methylotrophic methanogenesis, likely performed by members of the order Methanosarcinales, exclusively found in young rumen. In contrast, higher hydrogenotrophic activity was observed in the mature rumen, where a higher proportion of exclusively hydrogenotrophic taxa are found. These findings suggest that environmental filtering acts on the archaeal communities and select for different methanogenic lineages during different growth stages, affecting the functionality of this ecosystem. This study provides a better understanding of the compositional and metabolic changes that occur in the rumen microbiome from its initial stages of colonization and throughout the animals' life.
Growth‐independent cross‐feeding modifies boundaries for coexistence in a bacterial mutualism
Authors: McCully Alexandra L. , LaSarre Breah , McKinlay James B. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryNutrient cross‐feeding can stabilize microbial mutualisms, including those important for carbon cycling in nutrient‐limited anaerobic environments. It remains poorly understood how nutrient limitation within natural environments impacts mutualist growth, cross‐feeding levels and ultimately mutualism dynamics. We examined the effects of nutrient limitation within a mutualism using theoretical and experimental approaches with a synthetic anaerobic coculture pairing fermentative Escherichia coli and phototrophic Rhodopseudomonas palustris. In this coculture, E. coli and R. palustris resemble an anaerobic food web by cross‐feeding essential carbon (organic acids) and nitrogen (ammonium) respectively. Organic acid cross‐feeding stemming from E. coli fermentation can continue in a growth‐independent manner during nitrogen limitation, while ammonium cross‐feeding by R. palustris is growth‐dependent. When ammonium cross‐feeding was limited, coculture trends changed yet coexistence persisted under both homogenous and heterogenous conditions. Theoretical modelling indicated that growth‐independent fermentation was crucial to sustain cooperative growth under conditions of low nutrient exchange. In contrast to stabilization at most cell densities, growth‐independent fermentation inhibited mutualistic growth when the E. coli cell density was adequately high relative to that of R. palustris. Thus, growth‐independent fermentation can conditionally stabilize or destabilize a mutualism, indicating the potential importance of growth‐independent metabolism for nutrient‐limited mutualistic communities.
Inferring past demographic changes from contemporary genetic data: A simulation‐based evaluation of the ABC methods implemented in diyabc
Authors: Cabrera Andrea A. , Palsbøll Per J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInferring the demographic history of species and their populations is crucial to understand their contemporary distribution, abundance and adaptations. The high computational overhead of likelihood‐based inference approaches severely restricts their applicability to large data sets or complex models. In response to these restrictions, approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) methods have been developed to infer the demographic past of populations and species. Here, we present the results of an evaluation of the ABC‐based approach implemented in the popular software package diyabc using simulated data sets (mitochondrial DNA sequences, microsatellite genotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms). We simulated population genetic data under five different simple, single‐population models to assess the model recovery rates as well as the bias and error of the parameter estimates. The ability of diyabc to recover the correct model was relatively low (0.49): 0.6 for the simplest models and 0.3 for the more complex models. The recovery rate improved significantly when reducing the number of candidate models from five to three (from 0.57 to 0.71). Among the parameters of interest, the effective population size was estimated at a higher accuracy compared to the timing of events. Increased amounts of genetic data did not significantly improve the accuracy of the parameter estimates. Some gains in accuracy and decreases in error were observed for scaled parameters (e.g., Neμ) compared to unscaled parameters (e.g., Ne and μ). We concluded that diyabc‐based assessments are not suited to capture a detailed demographic history, but might be efficient at capturing simple, major demographic changes.
Differentiating the Cochran‐Armitage Trend Test and Pearson's χ2 Test: Location and Dispersion
Authors: Zhou Zhengyang , Ku Hung‐Chih , Huang Zhipeng , Xing Guan , Xing Chao 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIn genetic case‐control association studies, a standard practice is to perform the Cochran‐Armitage (CA) trend test with 1 degree‐of‐freedom (d.f.) under the assumption of an additive model. However, when the true genetic model is recessive or near recessive, it is outperformed by Pearson's χ2 test with 2 d.f. In this article, we analytically reveal the statistical basis that leads to the phenomenon. First, we show that the CA trend test examines the location shift between the case and control groups, whereas Pearson's χ2 test examines both the location and dispersion shifts between the two groups. Second, we show that under the additive model, the effect of location deviation outweighs that of the dispersion deviation and vice versa under a near recessive model. Therefore, Pearson's χ2 test is a more robust test than the CA trend test, and it outperforms the latter when the mode of inheritance evolves to the recessive end.
Bigeminal sandwiches galore
Authors: Lindow Thomas , Niklasson Angelica , Manna Daniel , Pahlm Olle 
Published: June 2017

A long run of PVCs “sandwiched” in between the sinus beats resulting in an almost doubling of the heart rate—interpolated PVCs in bigeminy—is described. This case illustrates three interesting aspects of interpolated PVCs. Although they are not uncommon, long runs of interpolated PVCs in bigeminy are rare findings. In this case, the arrhythmia had a duration of 3 minutes. Second, it illustrates the “age‐old wisdom” of partial retrograde conduction. Also, even though the arrhythmia resulted in an almost doubling of the heart rate, the patient remained asymptomatic.
Sensitivity and Reliability of Halothane‐anaesthetized Microminipigs to Assess Risk of Drug‐induced Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Cao Xin , Wada Takeshi , Nakamura Yuji , Matsukura Suchitra , Izumi‐Nakaseko Hiroko , Ando Kentaro , Naito Atsuhiko T. , Sugiyama Atsushi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUsing moxifloxacin and terfenadine, which are known to induce benign and malignant QT interval prolongation, respectively, we analysed whether halothane‐anaesthetized microminipigs are an appropriate model for assessing the risk of drug‐induced long QT syndrome. Moxifloxacin (0.03, 0.3 and 3 mg/kg) and terfenadine (0.03, 0.3 and 3 mg/kg) were intravenously infused over 10 min. with a pause of 20 min. to the halothane‐anaesthetized microminipigs (n = 4 for each drug). Moxifloxacin decreased the heart rate, whereas it increased the blood pressure in a dose‐related manner. It also prolonged the PR interval and QT/QTc in a dose‐related manner without altering the QRS width. Terfenadine decreased the heart rate and blood pressure, whereas it prolonged the PR interval, QRS width and QT/QTc in a dose‐related manner. Terfenadine significantly prolonged the beat‐to‐beat variability of QT interval reflecting its pro‐arrhythmic potential, which was not observed with moxifloxacin. The peak plasma concentrations of moxifloxacin and terfenadine after doses of 3 mg/kg were 4.81 and 10.15 μg/mL, respectively, which were both 1.5 times less in microminipigs than those previously reported in dogs. These results indicate that halothane‐anaesthetized microminipigs would be useful for detecting drug‐induced cardiovascular responses as well as differentiating benign from malignant QT interval prolongation like dogs, although there may be some differences in pharmacokinetic profile between these animals.
Positive Youth Development and Resilience: Growth Patterns of Social Skills Among Youth Investigated for Maltreatment
Authors: Oshri Assaf , Topple Trasie A. , Carlson Matthew W. 
Published: June 2017

Maltreated children are a vulnerable population, yet many of these youth follow positive developmental pathways. The primary aim was to identify social skills growth trajectories among at‐risk youth to understand processes underlying resilience. Nationally representative, longitudinal data from 1,179 families investigated for child maltreatment (Mage = 12.75) were obtained from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well‐Being. Four trajectories were identified—stress‐resistant, emergent resilience, breakdown, and unresponsive‐maladaptive. Protective resources from multiple levels of the youth ecology (individual, family, school, and social service) predicted positive growth social skills trajectories. Resilience process and attendant positive outcomes in multiple domains of functioning were evident among the stress‐resistant and emergent resilience trajectories. Results underscore the saliency of social skills development for resilient outcomes in youth.
A time‐adjusted cortisol cut‐off can reduce referral rate for Synacthen stimulation test whilst maintaining diagnostic performance
Authors: Brown Suzanne , Hadlow Narelle , Badshah Imran , Henley David 
Published: June 2017

SummaryObjectiveCortisol cut‐offs can predict requirement for Synacthen stimulation tests (SST). We assessed the performance of a standard cortisol cut‐off (375 nmol/L) across the morning and compared this with a time‐adjusted cut‐off.DesignRetrospective auditPatientsCommunity reference set (n=12 550) and SST patients (n=757).MeasurementsIn the reference population, time‐specific cortisol medians were calculated and used to convert cortisol to time‐adjusted Multiples of the Median (MoM). In 757 SST patients, the predictive performance of a standard cortisol cut‐off (375 nmol/L) and its time‐adjusted MoM equivalent were compared.ResultsMedian cortisol decreased by ~30 nmol/L per hour between 0700 and 1200h. In the reference population, proportions below the 375 nmol/L cut‐off increased throughout the morning (range 35%‐64%), whereas using the time‐adjusted MoM cut‐off proportions were consistent (range 46%‐50%), with a 17% maximal difference in referral rates between the two cut‐offs after 1100h. A similar pattern was noted in the SST cohort. When a cortisol MoM cut‐off was used to predict SST success, the excess proportion of patients tested and misclassification rates were lower and more consistent than when the standard cut‐off was used. A median cortisol of 375 nmol/L equated to 444 and 313 nmol/L before 0800 and after 1100 h, respectively.ConclusionThe use of a standard cortisol cut‐off results in 17% more patients being referred for SST later in the morning. A time‐adjusted cortisol cut‐off provides consistent and lower referral rates, whilst maintaining similar or better performance than a standard single cut‐off in predicting outcome of SST.
Does Agricultural Productivity Actually Matter for Food Security in a Landlocked Sub‐Saharan African Country? The Case of Burkina Faso
Authors: Zidouemba Patrice Rélouendé , Gerard Françoise 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper makes use of a Computable General Equilibrium model to analyze the impact of two agricultural productivity trends on poor households’ food security in Burkina Faso: a negative trend that could arise from many different factors, including land degradation, climate change, and harmful agricultural practices; and a positive trend which may result from enhanced public investment in agriculture, notably in research and development, extension, irrigation, rural roads, rural electrification, and rural education. The results point to a high sensitivity of the poor's consumption to agricultural productivity as well as to stronger impacts on the urban poor than on the rural poor. The current situation is already characterized by severe food insecurity, such that a decline in agricultural productivity is likely to further plunge the urban poor into a deep food crisis. By contrast, positive agricultural productivity trends may help alleviate poverty and food insecurity. Agricultural productivity may indeed affect the poor's food consumption mainly through large changes in agricultural prices and real incomes.Cet article utilise un modèle d’Équilibre Général Calculable pour analyser l'impact des différentes tendances de la productivité agricole sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages pauvres au Burkina Faso. D'une part, les tendances négatives peuvent résulter de plusieurs facteurs, y compris la dégradation des terres, le changement climatique, et les pratiques agricoles nuisibles. D'autre part, la tendance positive peut résulter de l'investissement public accru dans l'agriculture, notamment dans la recherche et développement, la vulgarisation, l'irrigation, les routes rurales, l′électrification rurale et l′éducation rurale. Les résultats montrent une sensibilité élevée de la consommation des pauvres à la productivité agricole, ainsi que des impacts plus forts sur les populations urbaines pauvres. La situation actuelle est déjà caractérisée par une insécurité alimentaire grave de sorte qu'une baisse de la productivité agricole est susceptible de plonger davantage les pauvres en milieu urbain dans une crise alimentaire profonde. En revanche, la tendance positive sur la productivité agricole peut contribuer à atténuer la pauvreté et l'insécurité alimentaire. La productivité agricole peut en effet affecter la consommation alimentaire des pauvres principalement par le biais de grandes variations des prix agricoles et des revenus réels.