bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular alterations in indolent, aggressive and recurrent ovarian low‐grade serous carcinoma
Authors: McIntyre John B , Rambau Peter F , Chan Angela , Yap Sidney , Morris Don , Nelson Gregg S , Köbel Martin 
Published: August 2016

AimsThe clinical courses of patients with low‐grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) can be substantially different. The purpose of this study was to explore whether molecular or pathological features could identify patients who follow a more aggressive course.Methods and resultsTwenty‐six primary LGSCs (11 with an aggressive clinical course, and 15 with an indolent clinical course) and five paired recurrences were assessed for non‐synonymous somatic mutations in 18 MAPK pathway genes and in 42 other classic cancer ‘hotspot’ genes by use of a custom‐designed AmpliSeq panel based on the AmpliSeq Cancer hotspot panel v2. Copy number alterations for 94 target genes were assessed with the nCounter v2 Cancer CN assay. Immunohistochemistry for 12 proteins was performed. We detected 16 mutations in 13 of 26 cases (50%), affecting five genes that signal through the MAPK pathway, and one ESR1 mutation implicated in resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer. Recurrent samples were concordant with the primary tumour with respect to the mutational status, but all five cases showed additional alterations at the copy number or protein expression level. The absence of progesterone receptor (PR) expression and the presence of myometrial lymphovascular invasion were associated with an unfavourable outcome (log‐rank P = 0.016 and P < 0.0001, respectively), but none of the other molecular features assessed showed an association.ConclusionDespite limited case numbers, it appears that current molecular testing is inferior to a pathological parameter or protein expression in predicting the outcome of LGSCs. Prediction of outcome based on the primary tumour may be confounded by additional changes acquired over time.
Spectrum of bone marrow morphologic findings in hepatitis C patients with and without prior liver transplantation
Authors: Boone J. M. , Cui W. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIntroductionCytopenia is a common hematologic finding in patients with HCV infection. Only a few studies have addressed bone marrow (BM) morphologic findings in these patients. No systemic study has been performed in these patients with liver transplantation (LT).MethodsWe retrospectively examined BMs in 49 hepatitis C patients with and without prior LT (n = 19 and n = 30).ResultsAmong the patients with an available complete blood count (n = 46), the majority of them presented with cytopenia involving one or multiple cell lineages including unicytopenia (13%, n = 6), bicytopenia (31%, n = 14), and pancytopenia (43%, n = 20). Examination of the BM revealed a wide spectrum of morphologic findings ranging from benign reactive processes to overt malignant processes which included myeloid, lymphoid, and plasma cell neoplasms. The severity of cytopenia was not correlated with cirrhosis or antiviral therapy. However, the severity of cytopenia was partly correlated with splenomegaly or LT (P < 0.05).ConclusionsCytopenia is a common finding in hepatitis C patients. Hypersplenism or LT has an adverse impact on some blood cell counts. Lastly, hepatitis C patients present with a wide spectrum of BM findings including malignant neoplasms, which indicates a diagnostic value of BM examination in these patients.
New parameters on the hematology analyzer XN‐10 (SysmexTM) allow to distinguish childhood bacterial and viral infections
Authors: Henriot I. , Launay E. , Boubaya M. , Cremet L. , Illiaquer M. , Caillon H. , Desjonquères A. , Gillet B. , Béné M. C. , Eveillard M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIntroductionComplete blood counts (CBC) performed for infected children admitted for fever mostly disclose leukocytosis. Yet, the recently developed XN‐10® provides novel CBC parameters which could be useful to ascertain infection and discriminate between bacterial and viral etiologies. These were the main objectives of the study presented here.MethodsBlood samples from 90 children, 1 month to 5 years old, admitted to an emergency unit for fever benefited from a CBC, C‐reactive protein, and procalcitonin assays. For 58, a bacterial infection was documented while a viral cause was disclosed for 32. Concomitantly, 30 healthy children of the same age range were selected as a control group.ResultsComplete blood counts parameters and leukocyte differentials allowed to statistically significantly disclose infection, compared to reference children, in the age group of 1–5 years old. Among the eight novel discriminant parameters, a particular interest appeared for Neutr‐RI and Delta‐He. They both were successfully incorporated in a score together with age and immature granulocytes (IG). ROC curves and AUCs were calibrated using a Hosmer–Lemeshow test. Moreover, novel lymphocyte parameters allowed to segregate bacterial and viral infections in the whole group of 90 febrile children.ConclusionComplete blood counts is the most broadly performed rapid laboratory investigation. Here, we show that XN‐10® provides complementary information allowing to confirm infection in febrile children, moreover discriminating between bacterial or viral origin.
Radiofrequency Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Nonrandomized Comparison of Circular versus Point‐by‐Point “Smart” Ablation for Achieving Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation and Curing Arrhythmic Symptoms
Authors: ROSSO RAPHAEL , CHORIN EHUD , LEVI YUVAL , ROGOWSKI ORI , VISKIN SAMI 
Published: August 2016

Circular vs. “Smart” Ablation of Atrial FibrillationIntroductionPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with radiofrequency (RF) ablation is now standard care for atrial fibrillation (AF). New improvements in PVI techniques include use of catheters that measure contact‐force and circular ablation catheters. These techniques have not been compared.Methods and ResultsWe compared the success rate of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) with: (1) “point by point” RF using an irrigated tip ablation catheter with “smart touch” contact‐force; (2) irrigated nMARQ circular ablation catheter in 86 patients with AF. The endpoints of the study were acute and long‐term success rate of CPVI.The 2 groups had similar characteristics: Smart Touch group with 50 patients, age 62 ± 8 years, 64% male; nMARQ group with 36 patients, 75% male, age 58.7 ± 10 years. The type of AF was similar in the 2 groups: paroxysmal and persistent in 68% and 32% in the Navistar group versus 64% and 36% in the nMARQ group. Follow‐up periods were similar (18.4 months vs. 19 months, P = 0.59). All the pulmonary veins were successfully isolated in both groups. However, PVI could not be achieved with the nMARQ in 2.7% of the pulmonary veins ablated and was completed with a Smart Touch. The long‐term success rate was comparable in the 2 groups.ConclusionThe nMARQ and Smart Touch catheters give similar results in PVI of both paroxysmal and persistent AF. The procedural time was shorter with the nMARQ in paroxysmal AF. Need for crossover from nMARQ to Smart Touch occurred in 2.7% of PVs ablated.
Atrial Fibrillation Associated Genetic Variants and Left Atrial Histology: Evaluation for Molecular Sub‐Phenotypes
Authors: ROBERTS JASON D. , YANG JINGKUN , GLADSTONE RACHEL A. , LONGORIA JAMES , WHITMAN ISAAC R. , DEWLAND THOMAS A. , MILLER CAROLINE , ROBLES ANATALIA , POON ANNIE , SEILER BEVERLY , LAFRAMBOISE WILLIAM A. , OLGIN JEFFREY E. , KWOK PUI‐YAN , MARCUS GREGORY M. 
Published: August 2016

Molecular Sub‐Phenotypes of Atrial FibrillationIntroductionGenome wide association studies have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), but the mechanisms underlying these relationships have not yet been elucidated. Inflammation and fibrosis have been posited as important mechanisms responsible for AF. We sought to investigate the impact of SNP carrier status on inflammation and fibrosis in left atrial appendage tissue.Methods and ResultsCarrier status of 10 AF‐associated SNPs was evaluated on DNA extracted from left atrial appendage tissue in 176 individuals (120 with AF). The presence of inflammation was evaluated through visual quantification of leukocyte infiltration following hematoxylin and eosin staining, while fibrosis was quantified using picrosirius red with fast green staining. Unadjusted and adjusted linear and logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate for an association between SNP carrier status and inflammation and fibrosis. On adjusted logistic regression analysis, the rs7164883 SNP (intronic within HCN4) was associated with a reduced odds of inflammation (odds ratio: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.22–0.81, P = 0.01), and was not associated with fibrosis on adjusted linear regression analysis (β‐coefficient: –0.31; 95% CI: –1.03–0.40, P = 0.40). None of the remaining SNPs exhibited significant associations with left atrial inflammation or fibrosis.ConclusionsAmong 10 AF‐associated SNPs, a single genetic variant was associated with reduced left atrial inflammation, while no histologic differences were observed in the remaining 9. The known AF‐associated SNPs do not appear to predispose to the development of pro‐inflammatory or pro‐fibrotic AF sub‐phenotypes.
Risk and resilience trajectories in war‐exposed children across the first decade of life
Authors: Halevi Galit , Djalovski Amir , Vengrober Adva , Feldman Ruth 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundAlthough the effects of early‐onset trauma on susceptibility to psychopathology are well‐acknowledged, no study to date has followed risk and resilience trajectories in war‐exposed young children over lengthy periods and charted predictors of individual pathways.MethodIn this prospective longitudinal study, we followed 232 children, including 148 exposed to repeated wartime trauma and 84 controls, at three time points: early childhood (1.5–5 years), middle childhood (5–8 years), and late childhood (9–11 years). Children were diagnosed at each time point and four trajectories defined: children exhibiting no pathology at any time point, those displaying early pathology that later remitted, those showing initial resilience followed by late pathology, and children presenting chronic pathology across the entire first decade. Maternal behavioral containment during trauma evocation and child social engagement during free play were observed in early childhood and maternal emotional distress self‐reported across time.ResultsWar‐exposed children showed significantly higher rates of psychopathology, with 81% exhibiting pathology at some point during childhood. In middle childhood, exposed children displayed more posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), anxiety disorders, and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), and in late childhood more PTSD, conduct/oppositional defiant disorders, and ADHD. War‐exposed children had more comorbid psychopathologies and number of comorbidities increased with age. Notably, war‐exposure increased prevalence of chronic pathology by 24‐fold. Maternal factors, including mother's uncontained style and emotional distress, increased risk for early and chronic psychopathology, whereas reduced child social engagement augmented risk for late pathology.ConclusionsEarly‐onset chronic stress does not heal naturally, and its effects appear to exacerbate over time, with trauma‐exposed children presenting a more comorbid, chronic, and externalizing profile as they grow older. Our findings demonstrate that responses to trauma are dynamic and variable and pinpoint age‐specific effects of maternal and child factors on risk and resilience trajectories. Results highlight the importance of conducting long‐term follow‐up studies and constructing individually tailored early interventions following trauma exposure.
A systematic review of worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis
Authors: Michalek I.M. , Loring B. , John S.M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo inform the WHO Global report on psoriasis, a new comprehensive worldwide systematic review of the epidemiology of psoriasis was undertaken. The aim of this study was to systematically review the worldwide literature regarding the epidemiology of psoriasis, including prevalence and incidence, in adults and in children. A search of 15 electronic medical databases was performed. Using a rigorous systematic protocol, eligible articles were analysed. No language, regional or temporal restrictions were applied. A total of 76 study observations met all eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. The estimates of the prevalence of psoriasis in adults ranged from 0.51% to 11.43%, and in children from 0% to 1.37%. Psoriasis is a common disease, occurring more frequently with advancing age. Limited data on the epidemiology of psoriasis are available. The available prevalence data come from only 20 countries, meaning there are huge geographic gaps in knowledge, especially from low‐ and middle‐income settings.
Physical properties of spray dryedStenocereus griseuspitaya juice powder
Authors: García‐Lucas Karina A. , Méndez‐Lagunas Lilia L. , Rodríguez‐Ramírez Juan , Campanella Osvaldo H. , Patel Bhavesh K. , Barriada‐Bernal Luis Gerardo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aim of this work was to analyze the effect of spray drying conditions on the physical properties of pitaya juice powder using a 23factorial design. Independent variables were inlet air temperature (150 and 180°C), feed flow rate (1.5 and 2 L/hr), and the amount of encapsulants (60 and 90%). The spray process was performed on pilot‐scale spray dryer and maltodextrin/pectin combination was used as encapsulating material. Moisture content, yield, color, water adsorption, glass transition temperature, and morphology of pitaya juice powders were analyzed. Critical conditions of storage, at which the glass transition occurs were determined. Experimental results showed that all the individual factors had a significant effect on moisture content and color, however, yield was only affected by feed flow rate and percentage of encapsulants. Lower drying temperatures (150°C) favored higher yield of 59% and privileged red‐violet color retention during spray drying. The GAB and Gordon‐Taylor models gave good fit for the experimental data of adsorption isotherms and glass transition temperatures, respectively.Practical ApplicationsIn this work betalains with compounds including nutraceutical properties, which can be used as a dye, were encapsulated. The knowledge of the properties of natural products, with potential either as an additive or as a colorant, is of great significance for applications in both the food and pharmaceutical industry. The efficiency, color, morphology of powders, and properties influencing hygroscopicity, collapse, compression, and agglomeration were determined. These factors control the processability, handling properties, and the stability of pitaya powders.
The Role of Topographic Collaterals in Predicting Functional Outcome after Thrombolysis in Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Tan Benjamin Yong‐Qiang , Kong Wan‐Yee , Ngiam Jinghao Nicholas , Teoh Hock‐Luen , Sharma Vijay K. , Yeo Leonard Leong‐Litt 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Alberta Stroke Program Early CT (ASPECTS) leptomeningeal collaterals score on CT‐angiography helps in prognosticating functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis. We evaluated whether a simplified topological ASPECTS collaterals scoring could serve as a rapid biomarker for early prediction in thrombolyzed AIS patients.METHODSConsecutive patients from 2010 to 2014 with anterior circulation AIS treated with intravenous thrombolysis were included. The primary outcome was good functional outcome (modified Rankin scale score 0–1 at 3‐months). Collaterals were scored according to the extent of contrast opacification in arteries distal to the acute occlusion. Prognostic value of individual ASPECTS leptomeningeal collateral regions was determined by multivariate logistic regression.RESULTSA total of 283 patients were included (mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score 19.0 ± 6.3 points). Using multivariate logistic regression, good M5 region (parietal)‐collaterals (OR 2.62, 95%CI 1.215–5.682, P = .014), younger age (OR .97 per year, 95%CI .943–.990, P = .006), nondiabetics (OR .44, 95%CI .224–.889, P = .021), and lower NIHSS (OR .89 per point, 95%CI .842–.935, P < .001) were independently associated with good functional outcome. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed NIHSS as a good predictor of functional outcome (area under the curve .718, 95%CI .656–.780, P < .001). However, a better predictive value was achieved when M5 collateral score was added to the NIHSS (area under the curve .752, 95%CI .694–.809, P < .001).CONCLUSIONSGood collaterals in the M5 region are associated with good functional outcome. Addition of this simple neuroimaging tool to the pretreatment NIHSS may serve as a reliable biomarker for prognosis.
Increased oxygen exposure alters collagen expression and tissue architecture during ligature‐induced periodontitis
Authors: Gajendrareddy P. K. , Junges R. , Cygan G. , Zhao Y. , Marucha P. T. , Engeland C. G. 
Published: August 2016

Background and ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increased oxygen availability on gene expression and on collagen deposition/maturation in the periodontium following disease.Material and MethodsMale Wistar rats had ligatures placed around their molars to induce periodontal disease, and a subset of animals underwent hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment for 2 h twice per day. At 15 and 28 d, tissue gene expression of COL1A1, transforming growth factor‐β1 and alkaline phosphatase was determined; other histological samples were stained with Picrosirius red to evaluate levels of collagen deposition, maturation and thickness.ResultsIn animals that underwent HBO treatment, type I collagen expression was higher and collagen deposition, maturation and thickness were more robust. Reduced mRNA levels of transforming growth factor‐beta1 and alkaline phosphatase in HBO‐treated rats on day 28 suggested that a quicker resolution in both soft tissue and bone remodeling occurred following oxygen treatment. No differences in inflammation were observed between groups.ConclusionsThe extracellular matrix regenerated more quickly in the HBO‐treated group as evidenced by higher collagen expression, deposition and maturation.
Serum Concentrations of Leptin and Adiponectin in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Kim H.‐S. , Kang J.‐H. , Jeung E.‐B. , Yang M.‐P. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe concentrations of circulating adipokines in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) have not been investigated in detail.ObjectivesTo determine whether serum concentrations of adipokines differ between healthy dogs and dogs with MMVD and whether circulating concentrations depend on the severity of heart failure resulting from MMVD.AnimalsIn the preliminary study, 30 healthy dogs and 17 client‐owned dogs with MMVD, and in the subsequent study, 30 healthy dogs and 46 client‐owned dogs with MMVD.MethodsProspective case‐controlled observational study. In the preliminary study, serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐18, and tumor necrosis factor‐α were measured. In the subsequent study, MMVD dogs were divided into three groups according to the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) classification, and serum concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were measured.ResultsIn the preliminary study, serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations differed significantly between dogs with MMVD and healthy dogs. Serum leptin (P = .0013) concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with MMVD than in healthy dogs, whereas adiponectin (P = .0009) concentrations were significantly lower in dogs with MMVD. However, we observed no significant differences in the other variables. In the subsequent study, dogs classified as ISACHC class 3 had higher serum concentrations of leptin (P = .0022) than healthy dogs but ISACHC class 1 or 2 dogs did not. Serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in ISACHC class 1 (P < .0001) dogs than in healthy dogs, whereas adiponectin concentrations in ISACHC class 3 dogs were significantly higher than in ISACHC class 1 dogs (P = .0081).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCirculating concentrations of leptin and adiponectin might be altered in dogs with MMVD.
The transcriptome response of Heliconius melpomene larvae to a novel host plant
Authors: Yu Quan‐You , Fang Shou‐Min , Zhang Ze , Jiggins Chris D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn the warfare between herbivore and host plant, insects have evolved a variety of defensive mechanisms, including allelochemical transformation and excretion. Several studies have explored the transcriptome responses of insects after host plant shifts to understand these mechanisms. We investigated the plastic responses of Heliconius melpomene larvae feeding on a native host Passiflora menispermifolia and a less strongly defended nonhost species, Passiflora biflora. In total, 326 differentially expressed genes were identified, with a greater number upregulated on the more strongly defended native host. Functional annotation showed that detoxifying enzymes, transporters and components of peritrophic membrane were strongly represented. In total, 30 candidate detoxification genes were differentially expressed, with glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) showing the highest proportion of differential expression, 27.3% and 17.3%, respectively. These differentially expressed detoxification genes were shown to evolve mainly under the influence of purifying selection, suggesting that protein‐coding evolution has not played a major role in host adaptation. We found only one gene, GSTe3, with evidence of adaptive evolution at H40, which is around the G‐site and might alter enzyme activity. Based on our transcriptome and molecular evolution analysis, we suggest that transcriptional plasticity of genes in a herbivore may play an important role in adaptation to a new host plant.