bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with self-reported failure of binding release among ACL injured male and female recreational skiers: a catalyst to change ISO binding standards?
Authors: Ruedl Gerhard , Helle Kenneth , Tecklenburg Katja , Schranz Alois , Fink Christian , Burtscher Martin 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundFemale recreational skiers have twice the rate of knee injuries and three time the rate of ACL injuries compared with their male counterparts. Female skiers suffering from a knee injury reported a significantly higher proportion of failure of binding release than knee injured male skiers.PurposeTo evaluate factors associated with failure of binding release among ACL injured male and female recreational skiers.Study designCohort study.MethodsAmong a cohort of 498 recreational skiers (68% females) suffering from an ACL injury (complete rupture or partial rupture), age, sex, height, weight, self-reported skill level and self-reported risk taking behaviour, gear origin, ski length, date of last binding adjustment, perceived speed at the moment of injury, type of fall, and failure of binding release of the ski of the injured knee, were collected by questionnaire.ResultsFailure of binding release was reported within 78% of cases and was significantly higher for females compared to males (83 vs 66%, p<0.001) with an adjusted OR of 2.7 (95% CI 1.7 to 4.4). A higher perceived speed at the moment of injury was significantly associated with a decreasing proportion of failure of binding release. A slow perceived speed was independently associated with failure of binding release (adjusted OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.5). There was a significantly higher proportion of failure of binding release during backward falling compared to forward falling (87 vs 72%, p=0.002); similarly, a higher proportion of failure of binding release occurred in cases of complete rupture compared with a partial tear of the ACL (81 vs 64%, p=0.001), respectively.ConclusionsAmong this cohort of ACL-injured skiers, failure of binding release was significantly associated with female sex, a slow perceived speed at the moment of injury and complete rupture of the ACL.
Hebbian Network of Self-Organizing Receptive Field Neurons as Associative Incremental Learner
Authors: Najjar Tarek , Hasegawa Osamu 
Published: December 2015

Associative learning plays a major role in the formation of the internal dynamic engine of an adaptive system or a cognitive robot. Interaction with the environment can provide a sparse and discrete set of sample correlations of input–output incidences. These incidences of associative data points can provide useful hints for capturing underlying mechanisms that govern the system’s behavioral dynamics. In many approaches to solving this problem, of learning system’s input–output relation, a set of previously prepared data points need to be presented to the learning mechanism, as a training data, before a useful estimations can be obtained. Besides data-coding is usually based on symbolic or nonimplicit representation schemes. In this paper, we propose an incremental learning mechanism that can bootstrap from a state of complete ignorance of any representative sample associations. Besides, the proposed system provides a novel mechanism for data representation in nonlinear manner through the fusion of self-organizing maps and Gaussian receptive fields. Our architecture is based solely on cortically-inspired techniques of coding and learning as: Hebbian plasticity and adaptive populations of neural circuitry for stimuli representation. We define a neural network that captures the problem’s data space components using emergent arrangement of receptive field neurons that self-organize incrementally in response to sparse experiences of system–environment interactions. These learned components are correlated using a process of Hebbian plasticity that relates major components of input space to those of the output space. The viability of the proposed mechanism is demonstrated through multiple experimental setups from real-world regression and robotic arm sensory-motor learning problems.
Association of Exhaled Carbon Monoxide With Stroke Incidence and Subclinical Vascular Brain Injury
Authors: Nayor Matthew , Enserro Danielle M. , Beiser Alexa S. , Cheng Susan , DeCarli Charles , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—
Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) is associated with cardiometabolic traits, subclinical atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, but its specific relations with stroke are unexplored. We related exhaled CO to magnetic resonance imaging measures of subclinical cerebrovascular disease cross-sectionally and to incident stroke/transient ischemic attack prospectively in the Framingham Offspring study.

Methods—
We measured exhaled CO in 3313 participants (age 59±10 years; 53% women), and brain magnetic resonance imaging was available in 1982 individuals (age 58±10 years; 54% women). Participants were analyzed according to tertiles of exhaled CO concentration.

Results—

In age- and sex-adjusted models, the highest tertile of exhaled CO was associated with lower total cerebral brain volumes, higher white-matter hyperintensity volumes, and greater prevalence of silent cerebral infarcts (
P
<0.05 for all). The results for total cerebral brain volume and white-matter hyperintensity volume were consistent after removing smokers from the sample, and the association with white-matter hyperintensity volume persisted after multivariable adjustment (
P
=0.04). In prospective analyses (mean follow-up 12.9 years), higher exhaled CO was associated with 67% (second tertile) and 97% (top tertile) increased incidence of stroke/transient ischemic attack relative to the first tertile that served as referent (
P
<0.01 for both). These results were consistent in nonsmokers and were partially attenuated upon adjustment for vascular risk factors.

Conclusions—
In this large, community-based sample of individuals without clinical stroke/transient ischemic attack at baseline, higher exhaled CO was associated with a greater burden of subclinical cerebrovascular disease cross-sectionally and with increased risk of stroke/transient ischemic attack prospectively. Further investigation is necessary to explore the biological mechanisms linking elevated CO with stroke.
Perihematomal Edema Is Greater in the Presence of a Spot Sign but Does Not Predict Intracerebral Hematoma Expansion
Authors: Rodriguez-Luna David , Stewart Teri , Dowlatshahi Dar , Kosior Jayme C. , Aviv Richard I. , Molina Carlos A. , Silva Yolanda , Dzialowski Imanuel , Lum Cheemun , Czlonkowska Anna , Boulanger Jean-Martin , Kase Carlos S. , Gubitz Gord , Bhatia Rohit , Padma Vasantha , Roy Jayanta , Subramaniam Suresh , Hill Michael D. , Demchuk Andrew M. ,   for the PREDICT/Sunnybrook ICH CTA Study Group
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—
Perihematomal edema volume may be related to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume at baseline and, consequently, with hematoma expansion. However, the relationship between perihematomal edema and hematoma expansion has not been well established. We aimed to investigate the relationship among baseline perihematomal edema, the computed tomographic angiography spot sign, hematoma expansion, and clinical outcome in patients with acute ICH.

Methods—
Predicting Hematoma Growth and Outcome in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Using Contrast Bolus CT (PREDICT) was a prospective observational cohort study of ICH patients presenting within 6 hours from onset. Patients underwent computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography scans at baseline and 24-hour computed tomography scan. A post hoc analysis of absolute perihematomal edema and relative perihematomal edema (absolute perihematomal edema divided by ICH) volumes was performed on baseline computed tomography scans (n=353). Primary outcome was significant hematoma expansion (>6 mL or >33%). Secondary outcomes were early neurological deterioration, 90-day mortality, and poor outcome.

Results—

Absolute perihematomal edema volume was higher in spot sign patients (24.5 [11.5–41.8] versus 12.6 [6.9–22] mL;
P
<0.001), but it was strongly correlated with ICH volume (
ρ
=0.905;
P
<0.001). Patients who experienced significant hematoma expansion had higher absolute perihematomal edema volume (18.4 [10–34.6] versus 11.8 [6.5–22] mL;
P
<0.001) but similar relative perihematomal edema volume (1.09 [0.89–1.37] versus 1.12 [0.88–1.54];
P
=0.400). Absolute perihematomal edema volume and poorer outcomes were higher by tertiles of ICH volume, and perihematomal edema volume did not independently predict significant hematoma expansion.

Conclusions—
Perihematomal edema volume is greater at baseline in the presence of a spot sign. However, it is strongly correlated with ICH volume and does not independently predict hematoma expansion.
Cortical Thickness in Fusiform Face Area Predicts Face and Object Recognition Performance
Authors: McGugin Rankin W. , Van Gulick Ana E. , Gauthier Isabel 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe fusiform face area (FFA) is defined by its selectivity for faces. Several studies have shown that the response of FFA to nonface objects can predict behavioral performance for these objects. However, one possible account is that experts pay more attention to objects in their domain of expertise, driving signals up. Here, we show an effect of expertise with nonface objects in FFA that cannot be explained by differential attention to objects of expertise. We explore the relationship between cortical thickness of FFA and face and object recognition using the Cambridge Face Memory Test and Vanderbilt Expertise Test, respectively. We measured cortical thickness in functionally defined regions in a group of men who evidenced functional expertise effects for cars in FFA. Performance with faces and objects together accounted for approximately 40% of the variance in cortical thickness of several FFA patches. Whereas participants with a thicker FFA cortex performed better with vehicles, those with a thinner FFA cortex performed better with faces and living objects. The results point to a domain-general role of FFA in object perception and reveal an interesting double dissociation that does not contrast faces and objects but rather living and nonliving objects.
Withholding a Reward-driven Action: Studies of the Rise and Fall of Motor Activation and the Effect of Cognitive Depletion
Authors: Freeman Scott M. , Aron Adam R. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Controlling an inappropriate response tendency in the face of a reward-predicting stimulus likely depends on the strength of the reward-driven activation, the strength of a putative top–down control process, and their relative timing. We developed a rewarded go/no-go paradigm to investigate such dynamics. Participants made rapid responses (on go trials) to high versus low reward-predicting stimuli and sometimes had to withhold responding (on no-go trials) in the face of the same stimuli. Behaviorally, for high versus low reward stimuli, responses were faster on go trials, and there were more errors of commission on no-go trials. We used single-pulse TMS to map out the corticospinal excitability dynamics, especially on no-go trials where control is needed. For successful no-go trials, there was an early rise in motor activation that was then sharply reduced beneath baseline. This activation–reduction pattern was more pronounced for high- versus low-reward trials and in individuals with greater motivational drive for reward. A follow-on experiment showed that, when participants were fatigued by an effortful task, they made more errors on no-go trials for high versus low reward stimuli. Together, these studies show that, when a response is inappropriate, reward-predicting stimuli induce early motor activation, followed by a top–down effortful control process (which we interpret as response suppression) that depends on the strength of the preceding activation. Our findings provide novel information about the activation–suppression dynamics during control over reward-driven actions, and they illustrate how fatigue or depletion leads to control failures in the face of reward.
Investigating the Distribution of Chemical Forms of Sulfur in Prostate Cancer Tissue Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Czapla-Masztafiak Joanna , Okoń Krzysztof , Gałka Marek , Huthwelker Thomas , Kwiatek Wojciech M. 
Published: December 2015

The use of synchrotron radiation may shed more light on the study of prostate cancer, one of the leading diseases among men. In the presented study the microbeam setup at the PSI Swiss Light Source combined with fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was applied to determine two-dimensional (2D) imaging of distributions of various chemical sulfur forms in prostate cancer tissue sections, since sulfur is considered important and essential in cancer progression. The research focused on prostate tissues obtained during routine prostatectomies on patients suffering from prostate cancer. Our previous studies using μ-XAS point measurements on prostate cancer cell lines showed the differences in fractions of various forms of sulfur between cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Therefore, in this experiment the chosen areas of prostate cancer tissues were scanned to get the full picture of the chemical composition of tissue, which is highly heterogeneous. The incident X-ray beams of energies tuned to spectroscopic features of the near-edge region of sulfur K-edge absorption spectra were used to provide contrast between chemical species presented in the tissue. Next, the relative content of the three main sulfur forms, found in biological systems, was calculated and the results are presented in a form of 2D color maps. These maps are correlated with the microscopic histological image of the scanned area. The main findings show that sulfur occurs in prostate tissue mainly in reduced form. The oxidized form of sulfur is present mostly in prostatic stroma, while sulfur in intermediate oxidation state is present in trace amount.
Selective COX-2 Inhibitors Significantly Reduce the Occurrence of Heterotopic Ossification After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery
Authors: Rath Ehud , Warschawski Yaniv , Maman Eran , Dolkart Oleg , Sharfman Zachary T. , Salai Moshe , Amar Eyal 
Published: December 2015

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) after hip arthroscopic surgery is a common complication and may be associated with clinical sequelae such as pain, impingement, and decreased range of motion. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used medications for reducing or preventing HO. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors used for HO prophylaxis after hip arthroscopic surgery. The hypothesis was that postoperative HO prophylaxis with 600 mg etodolac once daily for 2 weeks would significantly reduce the incidence of HO after hip arthroscopic surgery when compared with no prophylaxis. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Between July 2010 and April 2014, a total of 263 consecutive patients underwent hip arthroscopic surgery, performed by a single surgeon, for various pathological abnormalities at 1 medical center. The initial 163 patients received no postoperative NSAID prophylaxis for HO, and the subsequent 100 patients received 600 mg etodolac once daily for 2 weeks postoperatively. Prophylaxis compliance data, gastrointestinal side effects, and postoperative radiographs for HO were monitored. Results: A total of 100 control patients and 63 study patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up period was 12.88 months. No significant differences were observed in terms of age, sex, follow-up, or procedures performed. No gastrointestinal bleeding was observed. Radiographic findings of HO were present in 36 of 100 control patients with 17, 15, and 4 classified as having Brooker grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No patients in the study group presented with HO, and a significant difference in the HO rate between groups was observed ( P < .0001). Conclusion: HO after hip arthroscopic surgery is a relatively common complication, with a rate of 19% for Brooker grade ≥2 in the patients who did not receive NSAID prophylaxis. No HO was found in the patients who received short-term COX-2 inhibitor prophylaxis. The short-term administration of 600 mg etodolac once daily for 2 weeks was found to be safe and effective in preventing HO in patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery. HO prophylaxis protocols based on short-term etodolac treatment may be considered after hip arthroscopic surgery.
Recurrent venous thromboembolism and abnormal uterine bleeding with anticoagulant and hormone therapy use
Authors: Martinelli Ida , Lensing Anthonie W. A. , Middeldorp Saskia , Levi Marcel , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , van Bellen Bonno , Bounameaux Henri , Brighton Timothy A. , Cohen Alexander T. , Trajanovic Mila , Gebel Martin , Lam Phuong , Wells Philip S. , Prins Martin H. 
Published: December 2015

Key Points
Estrogen-containing or progestin-only hormonal therapy is not associated with increased recurrent VTE risk in women on anticoagulant therapy. Abnormal uterine bleeding occurred more frequently with rivaroxaban than with enoxaparin/VKAs.
Scented grasses in Norway—identity and uses
Authors: Alm Torbjørn 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundSome grass species are richer in coumarin and thus more sweetly scented than others. These have been eagerly sought after in parts of Norway, but the tradition has been weakly documented, both in terms of the species collected, their vernacular names, and uses.MethodsBased on literature data and a substantial body of information collected during my own ethnobotanical field work, artefacts and voucher specimens, the grass species are identified, and their uses clarified.ResultsIn Norwegian literature, the tradition of collecting and using scented grasses has received little attention, and past authors largely refer it toAnthoxanthumspp. The tradition’s concentration to the Sámi strongholds of northernmost Norway, and most authors’ lacking knowledge of the Sámi language, have contributed to the weak and misleading coverage in previous publications. Coumarin-rich grass species are well known in folk tradition in northernmost Norway, asluktegress(Norwegian, “scent grass”),háissasuoidni(North Sámi, “scent grass”),hajuheinä(Finnish, “scent grass”), or similar terms. They have been (and still are) frequently collected, and used as perfume, for storing with clothes, and a number of other purposes. Despite literature records identifying the species used asAnthoxanthum odoratumcoll. (includingA. nipponicum),the main source utilized in North Norway isHierochloë odorata, both ssp.arcticaand ssp.odorata. Anthoxanthum nipponicumandMilium effusumare alternative, but infrequently used sources of material, depending on local tradition and availability.ConclusionBy far the most important grass species hiding behind the “scented grass” tradition in Norway isHierochloë odorata. Anthoxanthum nipponicumis also used, but much less frequently, and only a single record confirms the use ofMilium effusum. Only the foliage ofHierochloëprovides suitable material for making traditional braids. The three major ethnic groups in Norway have all utilized scented grasses as perfume and for storing with clothes, but the tradition’s geographical concentration to the far north of Norway (Finnmark and NE Troms), suggests that it has originally mainly been a Sámi tradition, adopted by their neighbours.
Mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of patients with protracted critical illness and ICU-acquired weakness
Authors: Jiroutková Kateřina , Krajčová Adéla , Ziak Jakub , Fric Michal , Waldauf Petr , Džupa Valér , Gojda Jan , Němcova-Fürstová Vlasta , Kovář Jan , Elkalaf Moustafa , Trnka Jan , Duška František 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background
Mitochondrial damage occurs in the acute phase of critical illness, followed by activation of mitochondrial biogenesis in survivors. It has been hypothesized that bioenergetics failure of skeletal muscle may contribute to the development of ICU-acquired weakness. The aim of the present study was to determine whether mitochondrial dysfunction persists until protracted phase of critical illness.

Methods
In this single-centre controlled-cohort ex vivo proof-of-concept pilot study, we obtained vastus lateralis biopsies from ventilated patients with ICU-acquired weakness (n = 8) and from age and sex-matched metabolically healthy controls (n = 8). Mitochondrial functional indices were measured in cytosolic context by high-resolution respirometry in tissue homogenates, activities of respiratory complexes by spectrophotometry and individual functional capacities were correlated with concentrations of electron transport chain key subunits from respiratory complexes II, III, IV and V measured by western blot.

Results
The ability of aerobic ATP synthesis (OXPHOS) was reduced to ~54 % in ICU patients (p<0.01), in correlation with the depletion of complexes III (~38 % of control, p = 0.02) and IV (~26 % of controls, p<0.01) and without signs of mitochondrial uncoupling. When mitochondrial functional indices were adjusted to citrate synthase activity, OXPHOS and the activity of complexes I and IV were not different, whilst the activities of complexes II and III were increased in ICU patients 3-fold (p<0.01) respectively 2-fold (p<0.01).

Conclusions
Compared to healthy controls, in ICU patients we have demonstrated a ~50 % reduction of the ability of skeletal muscle to synthetize ATP in mitochondria. We found a depletion of complex III and IV concentrations and relative increases in functional capacities of complex II and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase/complex III.
Towards an understanding of contextual features that influence the linguistic formality of British Sign Language users
Authors: Rudge Luke A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper seeks to understand linguistic formality through the identification and measurement of contextual features. Using an adapted sociometric methodology to combine systemic functional linguistics and sign linguistics, a survey identifies the elements of context that have an effect upon the level of linguistic formality employed by British Sign Language users. The responses of 51 participants are analysed in order to ascertain (i) the level of linguistic formality that would be employed in certain communicative scenarios, and (ii) the contextual features of these scenarios that have an influence on linguistic formality. The results obtained from this study posit that there is an overall agreement shared between British Sign Language users when choosing levels of linguistic formality based on broad contextual description alone. The people involved in the communication and their interpersonal relationships tend to be the biggest influence on the level of formality employed, whereas the topic of the interaction appears to show no significant influence upon linguistic formality on its own. This work contributes further evidence to the importance of studying language within communicative contexts and the importance of formality as an influential factor in linguistic production. It is hoped that this will encourage future studies to derive linguistic data of British Sign Language users, or indeed users of other sign languages, to corroborate these findings.