bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taller para formación de instructores de Introducción a la Cirugía
Authors: Jiménez Corona José Luis , Peña Jiménez Carmen Magdalena , Santana Vargas Ángel Daniel , Millán Rosas Gabriela , Kim Koh Min Jeong , Argüero Sánchez Rubén 
Published: July 2017

Introducción: La literatura reporta la importancia de enseñar a enseñar. Existen diversos estudios en los cuales se menciona que los estudiantes de medicina no suelen recibir instrucción formal para el desarrollo de competencias docentes. La formación docente ayuda a que los estudiantes sean mejores comunicadores y la enseñanza es un aspecto esencial de la relación médico-paciente.
Objetivos: Evaluar el desempeño declarativo y procedimental de estudiantes del tercer año de la Licenciatura de Médico Cirujano con alto rendimiento académico, interesados en la enseñanza de la cirugía que cursaron el taller de formación para ayudantes de profesor de la asignatura de Introducción a la Cirugía.
Método: El taller se impartió al finalizar el segundo año de la licenciatura en el periodo interanual; comprendió 42 h teóricas y 54 prácticas, se revisaron 9 unidades temáticas y 16 prácticas, se aplicó un examen de selección y 4 exámenes teórico-prácticos.
Resultados: Durante el periodo de 2012-2016, 225 estudiantes solicitaron asistir al taller, de los cuales 111 estudiantes fueron seleccionados para cursarlo, con una composición de 67 mujeres (61%) y 44 hombres (39%); y fueron distinguidos 78 educandos, 45 mujeres y 33 hombres, para integrarse como instructores de la asignatura.
Conclusiones: Los estudiantes manifestaron que el taller cumple sus objetivos y expectativas, les proporciona estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje que promueven el trabajo en equipo, y se destaca la feminización en el taller.
Propuesta de futuro: Diseñar un programa académico complementario para los estudiantes interesados en ingresar a la residencia quirúrgica; implementar metodología de probada eficacia como el aprendizaje asistido por pares (PAL), que incluya la tutoría de un profesor del departamento con práctica quirúrgica y realizar un estudio cualitativo con la metodología de grupos focales para indagar las percepciones de los estudiantes a partir de su experiencia en el taller.
Standard Descriptive Vocabulary and Archaeology Digital Data Collection
Authors: Beebe Caroline 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTArchaeology has embraced the shift to digital technology for collecting, analyzing, and sharing data. Digital repositories are now recognized as essential for data stewardship and are setting standards for data deposition. These new technologies and systems support the scientific need for reproducible results through intra-cultural as well as cross-cultural hypothesis testing. Methods of digital data collection in the field, however, are often site specific, restricted by the limited availability of digital technologies, or not well suited for creating systems that support the requirements of the new digital information paradigm. As a small science project, the Chau Hiix Project in Belize will provide examples of the pitfalls in and insights about shifting to digital technology to make its primary data shareable and reusable. These experiences suggest the need for an international collaborative agenda that develops digital data description standards based on controlled vocabulary, facet analysis, and crosswalks implemented at the analog point of collection.
Trigeminal Neuralgia and Multiple Sclerosis: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Burkholder David B. , Koehler Peter J. , Boes Christopher J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) was first described in Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten für Ärzte und Studirende in 1894 by Hermann Oppenheim, including a pathologic description of trigeminal root entry zone demyelination. Early English-language translations in 1900 and 1904 did not so explicitly state this association compared with the German editions. The 1911 English-language translation described a more direct association. Other later descriptions were clinical with few pathologic reports, often referencing Oppenheim but citing the 1905 German or 1911 English editions of Lehrbuch. This discrepancy in part may be due to the translation differences of the original text.
Contrasted surface mass balances of debris-free glaciers observed between the southern and the inner parts of the Everest region (2007–15)
Authors: SHERPA SONAM FUTI , WAGNON PATRICK , BRUN FANNY , BERTHIER ETIENNE , VINCENT CHRISTIAN , LEJEUNE YVES , ARNAUD YVES , KAYASTHA RIJAN BHAKTA , SINISALO ANNA 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThree debris-free glaciers with strongly differing annual glaciological glacier-wide mass balances (MBs) are monitored in the Everest region (central Himalaya, Nepal). The mass budget of Mera Glacier (5.1 km2in 2012), located in the southern part of this region, was balanced during 2007–15, whereas Pokalde (0.1 km2in 2011) and West Changri Nup glaciers (0.9 km2in 2013), ~30 km further north, have been losing mass rapidly with annual glacier-wide MBs of −0.69 ± 0.28 m w.e. a−1(2009–15) and −1.24 ± 0.27 m w.e. a−1(2010–15), respectively. An analysis of high-elevation meteorological variables reveals that these glaciers are sensitive to precipitation, and to occasional severe cyclonic storms originating from the Bay of Bengal. We observe a negative horizontal gradient of annual precipitation in south-to-north direction across the range (≤−21 mm km−1, i.e. −2% km−1). This contrasted mass-balance pattern over rather short distances is related (i) to the low maximum elevation of Pokalde and West Changri Nup glaciers, resulting in years where their accumulation area ratio is reduced to zero and (ii) to a steeper vertical gradient of MB for glaciers located in the inner arid part of the range.
Validity of the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program risk calculator in South Australian glossectomy patients
Authors: Kao S S , Frauenfelder C , Wong D , Edwards S , Krishnan S , Ooi E H 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground:Appropriate selection of tongue cancer patients considering surgery is critical in ensuring optimal outcomes. The American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (‘ACS-NSQIP’) risk calculator was developed to assess patients' 30-day post-operative risk, providing surgeons with information to guide decision making.Method:A retrospective review of 30-day actual mortality and morbidity of tongue cancer patients was undertaken to investigate the validity of this tool for South Australian patients treated from 2005 to 2015.Results:One hundred and twenty patients had undergone glossectomy. Predicted length of stay using the risk calculator was significantly different from actual length of stay. Predicted mortality and other complications were found to be similar to actual outcomes.Conclusion:The American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program risk calculator was found to be effective in predicting post-operative complication rates in South Australian tongue cancer patients. However, significant discrepancies in predicted and actual length of stay may limit its use in this population.
Parasites as prey: the effect of cercarial density and alternative prey on consumption of cercariae by four non-host species
Authors: WELSH JENNIFER E. , LIDDELL CAROLINE , VAN DER MEER JAAP , THIELTGES DAVID W. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYIn parasites with complex life cycles the transmission of free-living infective stages can be influenced by ambient community diversity, in particular via predation. Here, we experimentally investigated whether parasite density and the presence of alternative prey can alter predation rates on free-living cercarial stages of a marine trematode by several non-host predators. All four predator species consumed increasing numbers of cercariae with an increase in cercarial density, indicating that the removal of cercariae by predators is effective over a range of natural densities as well as in the presence of alternative prey for a number of predators typical of marine ecosystems. However, the relative removal rates and the effects of cercarial density and alternative prey differed among predator species. In barnacles and shrimps, significant interactive effects of cercarial density and alternative prey on cercarial predation occurred while in oysters and crabs cercarial removal rates were unaffected by both factors. As changes in cercarial densities directly translate into changes in infection levels in down-stream hosts in this parasite–host system, the observed predator-specific responses suggest that cercarial predation effects on disease risks will depend on the specific species composition of ambient communities and not on non-host biodiversity per se.
Ecological outcomes and popular perceptions of urban restored forests in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: MULER ANA ELENA , PRIETO PABLO VIANY , RICHARDS RYAN C. , BRANCALION PEDRO H. S. , BRAGA JOÃO MARCELO ALVARENGA 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYEcological restoration is suggested as a tool to mitigate environmental problems caused by urbanization, but its utility may be hampered by conflict between ecological design and neighbouring communities’ needs. We explore this issue by comparing vegetation diversity and structure in a 21-year-old urban reforestation project in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, with a nearby reference forest, and we assessed popular perceptions about the project. Overall, density and basal area of canopy trees in the restoration plantation reached 73% and 46%, respectively, of the values found in the reference forest, but ground cover by exotic grasses was substantially higher in the planted forest. Rarefied species richness was similarly high in the plantation forest (59 species) and in the remnant forest (69 species), but species composition was markedly different. The human legacy on restoration diminished with time, reflected in the higher proportion of species and individuals of late-successional, native and not-planted species in the seedling community of the plantation forest. While community perceptions of reforestation were positive and both use and non-use values were reported, interviewees reported little involvement in the development of the project, which could have contributed to synergies between ecological and social outcomes.
The seed ecology of Agriophyllum squarrosum, a pioneer sand dune annual in Central Asia, with particular reference to seed germination
Authors: Fan Shugao , Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M. , Wang Yanrong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn central Asia, Agriophyllum squarrosum is the first species to become established during natural succession on sand dunes. However, low germination percentages and thus poor stand establishment greatly inhibit the use of this key species in the stabilization of dunes. The aim of this review is to critically analyse published information on the seed biology of A. squarrosum with particular reference to identifying the factors limiting germination of seeds sown in the field. A conceptual model is used to illustrate the complexities of factors as well as the unknowns we found about the seed/seedling stage of the life cycle of this sand dune annual. A major result of this review is that we now know that high germination percentages can be obtained by storing freshly collected seeds dry at room temperatures for 2 to 3 months to allow dormancy break to occur via afterripening, and then storing them dry at low (e.g. 4–5°C) temperature to prevent them from entering secondary dormancy. Non-dormant seeds should be sown in the field in late spring when wind-blown sand will cover them, thus ensuring that they are in darkness, which promotes germination, at the time summer rains occur.
Multifunctional nanoparticles as a tissue adhesive and an injectable marker for image-guided procedures
Authors: Shin Kwangsoo , Choi Jin Woo , Ko Giho , Baik Seungmin , Kim Dokyoon , Park Ok Kyu , Lee Kyoungbun , Cho Hye Rim , Han Sang Ihn , Lee Soo Hong , Lee Dong Jun , Lee Nohyun , Kim Hyo-Cheol , Hyeon Taeghwan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTissue adhesives have emerged as an alternative to sutures and staples for wound closure and reconnection of injured tissues after surgery or trauma. Owing to their convenience and effectiveness, these adhesives have received growing attention particularly in minimally invasive procedures. For safe and accurate applications, tissue adhesives should be detectable via clinical imaging modalities and be highly biocompatible for intracorporeal procedures. However, few adhesives meet all these requirements. Herein, we show that biocompatible tantalum oxide/silica core/shell nanoparticles (TSNs) exhibit not only high contrast effects for real-time imaging but also strong adhesive properties. Furthermore, the biocompatible TSNs cause much less cellular toxicity and less inflammation than a clinically used, imageable tissue adhesive (that is, a mixture of cyanoacrylate and Lipiodol). Because of their multifunctional imaging and adhesive property, the TSNs are successfully applied as a hemostatic adhesive for minimally invasive procedures and as an immobilized marker for image-guided procedures.
Universality and chaoticity in ultracold K+KRb chemical reactions
Authors: Croft J. F. E. , Makrides C. , Li M. , Petrov A. , Kendrick B. K. , Balakrishnan N. , Kotochigova S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA fundamental question in the study of chemical reactions is how reactions proceed at a collision energy close to absolute zero. This question is no longer hypothetical: quantum degenerate gases of atoms and molecules can now be created at temperatures lower than a few tens of nanokelvin. Here we consider the benchmark ultracold reaction between, the most-celebrated ultracold molecule, KRb and K. We map out an accurate ab initio ground-state potential energy surface of the K2Rb complex in full dimensionality and report numerically-exact quantum-mechanical reaction dynamics. The distribution of rotationally resolved rates is shown to be Poissonian. An analysis of the hyperspherical adiabatic potential curves explains this statistical character revealing a chaotic distribution for the short-range collision complex that plays a key role in governing the reaction outcome.
Highly-conducting molecular circuits based on antiaromaticity
Authors: Fujii Shintaro , Marqués-González Santiago , Shin Ji-Young , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Masuda Takuya , Nishino Tomoaki , Arasu Narendra P. , Vázquez Héctor , Kiguchi Manabu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAromaticity is a fundamental concept in chemistry. It is described by Hückel’s rule that states that a cyclic planar π-system is aromatic when it shares 4n+2 π-electrons and antiaromatic when it possesses 4n π-electrons. Antiaromatic compounds are predicted to exhibit remarkable charge transport properties and high redox activities. However, it has so far only been possible to measure compounds with reduced aromaticity but not antiaromatic species due to their energetic instability. Here, we address these issues by investigating the single-molecule charge transport properties of a genuinely antiaromatic compound, showing that antiaromaticity results in an order of magnitude increase in conductance compared with the aromatic counterpart. Single-molecule current–voltage measurements and ab initio transport calculations reveal that this results from a reduced energy gap and a frontier molecular resonance closer to the Fermi level in the antiaromatic species. The conductance of the antiaromatic complex is further modulated electrochemically, demonstrating its potential as a high-conductance transistor.
Highly variable recurrence of tsunamis in the 7,400 years before the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
Authors: Rubin Charles M. , Horton Benjamin P. , Sieh Kerry , Pilarczyk Jessica E. , Daly Patrick , Ismail Nazli , Parnell Andrew C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe devastating 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caught millions of coastal residents and the scientific community off-guard. Subsequent research in the Indian Ocean basin has identified prehistoric tsunamis, but the timing and recurrence intervals of such events are uncertain. Here we present an extraordinary 7,400 year stratigraphic sequence of prehistoric tsunami deposits from a coastal cave in Aceh, Indonesia. This record demonstrates that at least 11 prehistoric tsunamis struck the Aceh coast between 7,400 and 2,900 years ago. The average time period between tsunamis is about 450 years with intervals ranging from a long, dormant period of over 2,000 years, to multiple tsunamis within the span of a century. Although there is evidence that the likelihood of another tsunamigenic earthquake in Aceh province is high, these variable recurrence intervals suggest that long dormant periods may follow Sunda megathrust ruptures as large as that of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
High-energy mid-infrared sub-cycle pulse synthesis from a parametric amplifier
Authors: Liang Houkun , Krogen Peter , Wang Zhou , Park Hyunwook , Kroh Tobias , Zawilski Kevin , Schunemann Peter , Moses Jeffrey , DiMauro Louis F. , Kärtner Franz X. , Hong Kyung-Han 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHigh-energy phase-stable sub-cycle mid-infrared pulses can provide unique opportunities to explore phase-sensitive strong-field light–matter interactions in atoms, molecules and solids. At the mid-infrared wavelength, the Keldysh parameter could be much smaller than unity even at relatively modest laser intensities, enabling the study of the strong-field sub-cycle electron dynamics in solids without damage. Here we report a high-energy sub-cycle pulse synthesiser based on a mid-infrared optical parametric amplifier and its application to high-harmonic generation in solids. The signal and idler combined spectrum spans from 2.5 to 9.0 µm. We coherently synthesise the passively carrier-envelope phase-stable signal and idler pulses to generate 33 μJ, 0.88-cycle, multi-gigawatt pulses centred at ~4.2 μm, which is further energy scalable. The mid-infrared sub-cycle pulse is used for driving high-harmonic generation in thin silicon samples, producing harmonics up to ~19th order with a continuous spectral coverage due to the isolated emission by the sub-cycle driver.
A room temperature continuous-wave nanolaser using colloidal quantum wells
Authors: Yang Zhili , Pelton Matthew , Fedin Igor , Talapin Dmitri V. , Waks Edo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractColloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have emerged as promising active materials for solution-processable optoelectronic and light-emitting devices. In particular, the development of nanocrystal lasers is currently experiencing rapid progress. However, these lasers require large pump powers, and realizing an efficient low-power nanocrystal laser has remained a difficult challenge. Here, we demonstrate a nanolaser using colloidal nanocrystals that exhibits a threshold input power of less than 1 μW, a very low threshold for any laser using colloidal emitters. We use CdSe/CdS core-shell nanoplatelets, which are efficient nanocrystal emitters with the electronic structure of quantum wells, coupled to a photonic-crystal nanobeam cavity that attains high coupling efficiencies. The device achieves stable continuous-wave lasing at room temperature, which is essential for many photonic and optoelectronic applications. Our results show that colloidal nanocrystals are suitable for compact and efficient optoelectronic devices based on versatile and inexpensive solution-processable materials.
Ubiquitin-specific protease 21 stabilizes BRCA2 to control DNA repair and tumor growth
Authors: Liu Jinping , Kruswick Alex , Dang Hien , Tran Andy D. , Kwon So Mee , Wang Xin Wei , Oberdoerffer Philipp 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTumor growth relies on efficient DNA repair to mitigate the detrimental impact of DNA damage associated with excessive cell division. Modulating repair factor function, thus, provides a promising strategy to manipulate malignant growth. Here, we identify the ubiquitin-specific protease USP21 as a positive regulator of BRCA2, a key mediator of DNA repair by homologous recombination. USP21 interacts with, deubiquitinates and stabilizes BRCA2 to promote efficient RAD51 loading at DNA double-strand breaks. As a result, depletion of USP21 decreases homologous recombination efficiency, causes an increase in DNA damage load and impairs tumor cell survival. Importantly, BRCA2 overexpression partially restores the USP21-associated survival defect. Moreover, we show that USP21 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, where it promotes BRCA2 stability and inversely correlates with patient survival. Together, our findings identify deubiquitination as a means to regulate BRCA2 function and point to USP21 as a potential therapeutic target in BRCA2-proficient tumors.
Structural analysis of the regulatory mechanism of MarR protein Rv2887 in M. tuberculosis
Authors: Gao Yun-Rong , Li De-Feng , Fleming Joy , Zhou Ya-Feng , Liu Ying , Deng Jiao-Yu , Zhou Lin , Zhou Jie , Zhu Guo-Feng , Zhang Xian-En , Wang Da-Cheng , Bi Li-Jun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMarR family proteins are transcriptional regulators that control expression of bacterial proteins involved in metabolism, virulence, stress responses and multi-drug resistance, mainly via ligand-mediated attenuation of DNA binding. Greater understanding of their underlying regulatory mechanism may open up new avenues for the effective treatment of bacterial infections. To gain molecular insight into the mechanism of Rv2887, a MarR family protein in M. tuberculosis, we first showed that it binds salicylate (SA) and para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), its structural analogue and an antitubercular drug, in a 1:1 stoichiometry with high affinity. Subsequent determination and analysis of Rv2887 crystal structures in apo form, and in complex with SA, PAS and DNA showed that SA and PAS bind to Rv2887 at similar sites, and that Rv2887 interacts with DNA mainly by insertion of helix α4 into the major groove. Ligand binding triggers rotation of the wHTH domain of Rv2887 toward the dimerization domain, causing changes in protein conformation such that it can no longer bind to a 27 bp recognition sequence in the upstream region of gene Rv0560c. The structures provided here lay a foundation for the design of small molecules that target Rv2887, a potential new approach for the development of anti-mycobacterials.