bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of mobile smoking cessation treatment with 1‐week nicotine replacement therapy sampling at outdoor smoking hotspots: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: He Wan Jia Aaron , Wang Qi , Chan Ching Han Helen , Luk Tzu Tsun , Wang Man Ping , Chan Siu Chee Sophia , Lam Tai Hing , Cheung Yee Tak Derek 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of mobile smoking cessation (SC) treatment with 1‐week nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) sampling on recruitment and quitting outcomes.DesignTwo‐arm cluster RCT (1:1 ratio), single‐blinded, at 244 recruitment sessions in Hong Kong outdoor smoking hotspots from October 2018–December 2019.SettingParticipant were recruited by ambassadors and treated at the mobile SC truck.Participants834 adult (≥18 years, male 81.3%) daily smokers, Chinese‐speaking, non‐NRT users in the past month, consented after nurse‐led intervention in mobile SC truck were randomized to the experimental (n = 482 male 79.5%) and the control group (n = 352, male 83.8%).Intervention and comparatorThe experimental group received a 1‐week free NRT sample, an NRT instruction card, and mobile SC treatment including onsite nurse‐led brief medication advice (about 15 minutes) and referral to SC clinics. The control group received the same mobile SC treatment.MeasurementsPrimary outcome was self‐reported quit attempts at 1‐month follow‐up. Secondary outcomes included SC service use at 1 month, and biochemically validated abstinence (exhaled carbon monoxide < 4 ppm; or saliva cotinine < 10 ng/ml) at 6‐month follow‐up. Additionally, a post‐hoc cost analysis was conducted.FindingsBy intention‐to‐treat, the two groups showed similar prevalence of quit attempts (44·4% versus 43·5%, risk ratio (RR) = 1·04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0·79–1·37, P = 0·79). Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed lower SC service use at clinics (32·4% versus 44·9%, RR = 0·72, 95%CI = 0·57–0·91, P = 0·006), but no significant difference in validated abstinence (4·6% versus 2·8%, RR = 1·64, 95%CI = 0·76–3·50, P = 0·21). The experimental recruitment sessions recruited more smokers for onsite medication advice than the control session (mean 6·7 vs 5·0, adjusted incident rate ratio = 1·30, 95%CI = 1·08–1·56, P = 0·005).ConclusionsMobile smoking cessation treatment with 1‐week nicotine replacement therapy sampling did not increase quit attempts or abstinence outcomes among recruited daily smokers in Hong Kong. The intervention increased smokers' uptake of onsite medication advice but reduced subsequent smoking cessation service use at clinics.
Detection and quantification of synthetic cannabinoids in seven illicitly sourced disposable vapes submitted by an individual presenting to a UK drug and alcohol service
Authors: Craft Sam , Sunderland Peter , Millea Molly F. , Pudney Christopher R. , Sutcliffe Oliver B. , Freeman Tom P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsIn the United Kingdom and internationally, synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are a common adulterant in illicitly sourced vaping products. Recently, their use is increasingly being linked to severe health effects, particularly among children. Here, we aimed to conduct the first detection and quantification of SCs in illicit disposable vaping products.MethodsA cross‐section of seven illicitly sourced disposable vape samples that were initially sold as cannabis products was submitted for analysis by a single individual presenting to a drug and alcohol service in the United Kingdom. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of these samples were conducted using nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography/electron ionization‐mass spectrometry.ResultsQualitative analysis identified the SC 5F‐MDMB‐PICA in all seven samples, in the absence of any other pharmacologically active compounds. Quantitative analysis revealed that the median concentration of 5F‐MDMB‐PICA was 0.85 mg/ml (range = 0.59–1.63). The external appearance of these vape samples closely resembled regulated vaping products, and the presence of SCs was not identifiable by any labelling or packaging.ConclusionsThe SC 5F‐MDMB‐PICA was detected at a median concentration of 0.85 mg/ml in seven disposable vapes which were illegally sourced in the United Kingdom, were mis‐sold as cannabis products and closely resembled legal, regulated products.
Differences in disease characteristics and treatment exposures between paediatric and adult‐onset inflammatory bowel disease using a registry‐based cohort
Authors: Granot Maya , Kopylov Uri , Loberman‐Nachum Nurit , Krauthammer Alexander , Abitbol Chaya Mushka , Ben‐Horin Shomron , Weiss Batia , Haberman Yael 
Published: September 2024

SummaryBackgroundPrevious studies highlighted a more extensive phenotype for paediatric‐onset than adult‐onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, most lacked long‐term follow‐up, and some were conducted before the era of biologics.AimsThe aim of this study is to compare disease characteristics and treatment exposures between paediatric‐onset and adult‐onset IBD.MethodsFrom a registry that periodically and uniformly retrieves demographics, disease characteristics/phenotype, and treatments, we compared the characteristics of paediatric‐onset (diagnosed at ≥6 and <18 years) and adult‐onset IBD, diagnosed during 2000–2022 and with ≥12 months follow‐up.ResultsOf the 2837 patients with Crohn's disease and 1332 with ulcerative colitis, 3316 had adult‐onset and 853 paediatric‐onset IBD. The median follow‐up was 6 years. Patients with paediatric‐onset presented with more extensive disease and received more intensified therapies, including biologics and JAK inhibitors than those with adult‐onset IBD. Paediatric‐onset ulcerative colitis showed a higher prevalence of E3 extensive colitis including pancolitis and a greater requirement for systemic steroids, immunomodulators, and biologics than adult‐onset ulcerative colitis. Paediatric‐onset versus adult‐onset Crohn's disease exhibited greater L3 ileocolonic involvement and perianal disease phenotype, and higher exposure to immunomodulators and biologics. Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox proportional hazards analyses showed significantly lower 15‐year biologic‐free survival from diagnosis among those with paediatric‐onset IBD than with adult‐onset IBD (p = <0.001), indicating greater and earlier use of biologics in the former.ConclusionsPaediatric‐onset presents with more extensive disease with higher exposures to immunomodulators and biologic therapies than adult‐onset IBD.
Environmental sustainability from a generational lens—A study comparing generation X, Y, and Z ecological commitment
Authors: Pinho Micaela , Gomes Sofia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnvironmental sustainability is increasingly pressing. Achieving it depends on the contribution of all of us. There is a broad spectrum of evidence that points to a generational gap in the way of viewing and dealing with environmental issues. This evidence is, however, mixed. This paper intends to explore whether there are differences between the Portuguese Generations X, Y, and Z about general environmental concerns, their involvement in collective actions for environmental protection, and specific pro‐environmental behaviors. The data gathered from 757 Portuguese citizens were analyzed using descriptive and non‐parametric statistical methods. Overall, we found that members of Generation Z showed the least environmental concerns and adopted fewer sustainable behaviors and little or no participation in collective actions for environmental protection. On the contrary, members of Generation X demonstrate more sustainable attitudes, followed by Millennials. In sum, the two younger generations have more in common with each other than they do with members of Generation X. This is the first attempt to understand generational differences in Portugal on specific environmental issues, helping to define policies emphasizing civil society's serious and consistent involvement in protecting the planet. Recommendations of the research enable us to understand the behaviors of individuals from different generations and allow producers and policymakers to develop and adopt measures to meet the specificities of each generation, leading them to adopt more sustainable practices, especially younger people.
Anti‐Obesity Medication in the Management of Children and Adolescents With Obesity: Recent Developments and Research Gaps
Authors: Torbahn Gabriel , Lischka Julia , Brown Tamara , Ells Louisa J. , Kelly Aaron S. , Wabitsch Martin , Weghuber Daniel 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPaediatric obesity is a global public health concern. While in most countries the incidence keeps rising, the need for effective and long‐term management for children and adolescents living with this chronic, relapsing disease is pressing. Health behaviour and lifestyle treatment (HBLT) is recommended as first‐line treatment.MethodsNarrative review.ResultsA new generation of recently approved anti‐obesity medications (AOM) now has the potential to fill the gap between limited effects on body mass index (BMI) by HBLT alone and large effects by metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents with obesity aged 12 years and older. While, for semaglutide and phentermine/topiramate, effectiveness is substantial with relevant, but mostly mild to moderate adverse events, there is a gap in evidence regarding long‐term effects and safety, effects on outcomes beyond BMI reduction and data for certain groups of patients, such as children < 12 years and minority groups. When integrating AOM treatment into national healthcare systems it should be offered as part of a comprehensive patient‐centred approach.ConclusionThis article summarizes recent AOM developments, integration into paediatric obesity management, and identifies research gaps.
Biocompatibility and dimensional stability through the use of 3D‐printed scaffolds made by polycaprolactone and bioglass‐7: An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Lim Ho‐Kyung , Song In‐Seok , Choi Won‐Cheul , Choi Young‐Jun , Kim Eun‐young , Phan Thi Hong Tham , Lee Ui‐Lyong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThis experiment aimed to observe the differences in biological properties by producing BGS‐7 + PCL scaffolds with different weight fractions of BGS‐7 through 3D printing and to confirm whether using the scaffold for vertical bone augmentation is effective.Materials and MethodsCube‐shaped bioglass (BGS‐7) and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with different weight fractions (PCL alone, PCL with 15% and 30% BGS‐7) are produced using 3D printing. The surface hydroxyapatite (HA) apposition, the pH change, proliferation and attachment assays, and various gene expression levels are assessed. After a 7‐mm implant was inserted 3 mm into the rabbit calvaria, vertical bone augmentation is performed around the implant and inside the scaffold in four ways: scaffold only, scaffold+bone graft, bone graft only, and no graft. Sacrifice is performed at 6, 12, and 24 weeks, and the various parameters are compared radiographically and histologically.ResultsHA apposition, cell proliferation, cell attachment, and expression of osteogenic genes increase as the proportion of BGS‐7 increase. In the in vivo test, a higher bone–implant contact ratio, bone volume ratio, bone mineral density, and new bone area are observed when the scaffold and bone grafts were used together.ConclusionThe 3D‐printed scaffold, a mixture of BGS‐7 and PCL, exhibit higher biological compatibility as the proportion of BGS‐7 increase. Additionally, the use of scaffold is effective for vertical bone augmentation.
Neuroimaging analysis reveals distinct cerebral perfusion responses to fasting‐postprandial metabolic switching in Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Li Runzhi , Zhuo Zhizheng , Yao Zeshan , Li Zhaohui , Wang Yanli , Jiang Jiwei , Wang Linlin , Li Wenyi , Zhang Yanling , Sun Jun , Li Junjie , Duan Yunyun , Liu Yi , Shao Hongyuan , li Yang , Zhang Yechuan , Chen Jinglong , Shi Hanping , Huang Hui , Liu Yaou , Xu Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsExtended fasting–postprandial switch intermitting time has been shown to affect Alzheimer's disease (AD). Few studies have investigated the cerebral perfusion response to fasting–postprandial metabolic switching (FMS) in AD patients. We aimed to evaluate the cerebral perfusion response to FMS in AD patients.MethodsIn total, 30 AD patients, 32 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and 30 healthy control individuals (HCs) were included in the quantification of cerebral perfusion via cerebral blood flow (CBF). The cerebral perfusion response to FMS was defined as the difference (ΔCBF) between fasting and postprandial CBF.ResultsPatients with AD had a regional negative ΔCBF in the anterior temporal lobe, part of the occipital lobe and the parietal lobe under FMS stimulation, whereas HCs had no significant ΔCBF. The AD patients had lower ΔCBF values in the right anterior temporal lobe than the MCI patients and HCs. ΔCBF in the anterior temporal lobe was negatively correlated with cognitive severity and cognitive reserve factors in AD patients.ConclusionsAD patients exhibited a poor ability to maintain cerebral perfusion homeostasis under FMS stimulation. The anterior temporal lobe is a distinct area that responds to FMS in AD patients and negatively correlates with cognitive function.
Seasonal Patterns of Living Kidney Donation in the United States From 1995 to 2019
Authors: Arking Andrew , Kaddu Gabriella , Massie Allan B. , Segev Dorry L. , Garonzik‐Wang Jacqueline , Snyder Jon , King Elizabeth A. , Muzaale Abimereki D. , Ammary Fawaz Al 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe number of living kidney donors in the United States has declined since 2005, with variations based on the donor–recipient relationship. The reasons for this decline are unclear, and strategies to mitigate declined donations remain elusive. We examined the change in donor number monthly (within‐year) versus annually (between‐years) to inform potentially modifiable factors for future interventions.MethodsIn this registry‐based cohort analysis of 141 759 living kidney donors between 1995 and 2019, we used linear mixed‐effects models for donor number per month and year to analyze between‐year and within‐year variation in donation. We used Poisson regression to quantify the change in the number of donors per season before and after 2005, stratified by donor–recipient relationship and zip‐code household income tertile.ResultsWe observed a consistent summer surge in donations during June, July, and August. This surge was statistically significant for related donors (incidence rate ratio [IRR] range: 1.12–1.33) and unrelated donors (IRR range: 1.06–1.16) across donor income tertiles.ConclusionOur findings indicate lower rates of living kidney donation in non‐summer months across income tertiles. Interventions are needed to address barriers to donation in non‐summer seasons and facilitate donations throughout the year. Since the Organ Donor Leave Law provides a solid foundation for supporting year‐round donation, extending the law's provisions beyond federal employees may mitigate identified seasonal barriers.
A practical new approach to ultrasonographic detection of the fetal situs: Modified Cordes technique
Authors: Yakut Yücel Kadriye , Sucu Sadun , Ağaoğlu Recep Taha , Çirkin Tekeş Gülten 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study presents the modified Cordes method, a novel ultrasonographic technique that provides a precise and practical evaluation of fetal situs during pregnancy, particularly in the first and early second trimesters. This method entails precisely aligning the probe and hand to obtain a clear image of the fetal thorax in the axial plane. The fundamental procedures involve ascertaining the initial location of the fetal head, rotating the probe, aligning the thorax at the center, and positioning the left hand to clearly identify the fetal situs. Tests conducted in many pregnancies have verified that the modified Cordes approach offers prompt and precise identification of fetal situs and is more accessible to acquire, particularly for new practitioners. The modified Cordes approach is a straightforward and reliable technique for establishing the position of the fetus. Its application during the first and early second trimesters improves diagnostic accuracy by minimizing the chances of misinterpretation. This method offers benefits by making the process of determining fetal situs more objective and straightforward for practitioners with varying degrees of experience.
Stable excess mortality in a multiple sclerosis cohort diagnosed 1970–2010
Authors: Sumelahti M.‐L. , Verkko A. , Kytö V. , Sipilä J. O. T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeMultiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with excess mortality. The use of disease‐modifying treatments (DMTs) has recently been associated with survival benefits.MethodsA regional MS database was linked with national registries. People with MS (pwMS) diagnosed in 1971–2010 were included and followed up until the end of the year 2019. Five matched controls were acquired for every person with MS. DMTs included in the analyses were interferon and glatiramer acetate.ResultsMedian follow‐up time of the 1795 pwMS was 20.0 years (range 0.1–48.7 years). Survival did not differ between decades of diagnosis (p = 0.20). Amongst pwMS, male sex (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–2.06), higher age at diagnosis (aHR 1.83; 95% CI 1.65–2.03 per 10‐year increment) and primary progressive disease course (aHR 1.29; 95% CI 1.04–1.60) were independently associated with poorer survival. DMT use was associated with better survival (p < 0.0001) and better survival during follow‐up (aHR 0.56; 95% CI 0.38–0.81). Compared to matched controls, median life expectancy was 8–9 years shorter in pwMS with survival diverging from controls during the first decade after diagnosis, more clearly in men than women.ConclusionDespite DMT use being associated with better survival, relative life expectancy of pwMS did not change over five decades in Western Finland. Male sex was an independent risk factor for death amongst pwMS, but excess mortality was higher in women. More work and methods are needed to improve survival in pwMS.
Association of baseline sleep duration and sleep quality with seizure recurrence in newly treated patients with epilepsy
Authors: Zhong Rui , Li Guangjian , Zhao Teng , Zhang Hanyu , Zhang Xinyue , Lin Weihong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveAlthough sleep duration and sleep quality are considered to be significant factors associated with epilepsy and seizure risk, findings are inconsistent, and their joint association remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine independent and joint associations of these two modifiable sleep features with seizure recurrence risk in newly treated patients with epilepsy (PWE).MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study of newly treated PWE at a comprehensive epilepsy center in northeast China between June 2020 and December 2023. Self‐reported sleep duration and sleep quality were collected at baseline. All patients were followed for 12 months for recurrent seizures. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of seizure recurrence. Models fitted with restricted cubic spline were conducted to test for linear and nonlinear shapes of each association.ResultsA total of 209 patients were included, and 103 experienced seizure recurrence during follow‐up. Baseline short sleep was significantly associated with greater risk of seizure recurrence (adjusted HR = 2.282, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.436–3.628, p < .001). Sleep duration (h/day) and recurrent seizure risk showed a significant nonlinear U‐shaped association, with a nadir at 8 h/day. Baseline poor sleep quality was significantly associated with greater risk of seizure recurrence (adjusted HR = 1.985, 95% CI = 1.321–2.984, p < .001). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score and seizure recurrence risk exhibited a positive linear association. Participants with a combination of poor quality–short sleep showed the highest risk of seizure recurrence (adjusted HR = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.779–5.507, p < .001) compared to the referent good quality–intermediate sleep group.SignificanceBaseline sleep duration and sleep quality were independently and jointly associated with risk of seizure recurrence in newly treated PWE. Our results point to an important potential role of baseline sleep duration and sleep quality in shaping seizure risk.
Protective immune response against Rhodococcus equi: An innate immunity‐focused review
Authors: da Silveira Bibiana Petri , Cohen Noah D. , Lawhon Sara D. , Watson Robert O. , Bordin Angela I. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRhodococcus equi causes pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals and immunocompromised people. Despite decades of research efforts, no vaccine is available against this common cause of disease and death in foals. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarise the current understanding of interactions between R. equi and the host innate immune system, to describe features of the immune response that are associated with resistance or susceptibility to R. equi infection, and help guide strategies for developing novel approaches for preventing R. equi infections. Virulence of R. equi in foals has been attributed to the virulence associated protein A which allows intracellular survival in macrophages by preventing acidification of R. equi‐containing vacuole. Additionally, foal susceptibility to R. equi infection is associated with immaturity and naivety of innate and adaptive immune systems, while adult horses with fully functional immune system are resistant to pneumonia. Specific interaction between R. equi and innate immune cells can result in bacterial survival or death; learning how to manipulate these responses to control infection is critical to prevent pneumonia in foals. Administration of live vaccines and stimulation of innate immune responses appears to improve foals' immune response and has the potential to overcome the challenges of foal active vaccination and elicit protection against pneumonia.
HER2‐positive grade 1 invasive carcinomas of the breast
Authors: Lee Andrew H S , Hodi Zsolt , Abbas Areeg , Ellis Ian O , Rakha Emad A 
Published: September 2024

AimsThe American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists HER2‐guidelines recommend repeat testing for most grade 1 mammary carcinomas that are HER2‐positive in the core biopsy. This study aimed to assess the value of repeat HER2‐testing and the histological features of HER2‐positive grade 1 carcinomas.Methods and resultsA case‐series of HER2‐results of grade 1 carcinomas was conducted of patients with no pre‐operative systemic treatment over a 5‐year period. HER2‐positive carcinomas had histological review. Twelve HER2‐positive carcinomas were initially reported as grade 1. On review, two were reclassified as grade 2. The remaining 10 carcinomas represented 2% of the 508 grade 1 carcinomas. Eight HER2‐positive grade 1 carcinomas from other years were also studied. HER2‐positive carcinomas more often had marked nuclear pleomorphism (50 versus 6%) and were more often oestrogen receptor‐negative (17 versus 0.8%) and progesterone receptor‐negative (28 versus 8%) compared with HER2‐negative grade 1 carcinomas. Six carcinomas that were HER2 3+ in the core biopsy were also 3+ on repeat assessment. Five of seven carcinomas that were 2+ amplified in the core biopsy were also HER2‐positive in the excision.ConclusionsHER2‐positive grade 1 carcinomas are uncommon, and more often have marked nuclear pleomorphism and lack oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression compared with HER2‐negative grade 1 carcinomas. A HER2‐poitive result in the core biopsy was confirmed in 11 of 13 tumours that had repeat testing.