bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and comparison of injuries caused by spontaneous versus organized dogfighting
Authors: Intarapanich Nida P. , Touroo Rachel M. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Reisman Robert W. , Intarapanich Pichai P. , McCobb Emily C. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize and compare injuries found in dogs involved in spontaneously occurring dogfights with those of dogs used in illegal organized dogfighting.
DESIGN Retrospective case-control study.
ANIMALS 36 medium-sized dogs evaluated following spontaneous fights with a dog of the same sex and similar weight (medium dog–medium dog [MDMD] fights), 160 small dogs examined following spontaneous fights with a larger dog (big dog–little dog [BDLD] fights), and 62 dogs evaluated after being seized in connection with dogfighting law enforcement raids.
PROCEDURES Demographic characteristics and injuries were recorded from medical records. Prevalence of soft tissue injuries in predetermined body surface zones, as well as dental or skeletal injuries, was determined for dogs grouped by involvement in BDLD, MDMD, and organized dogfights. The extent of injuries in each location was scored and compared among groups by 1-factor ANOVA. Patterns of injuries commonly incurred by each group were determined by use of prevalence data.
RESULTS Mean extent of injury scores differed significantly among groups for all body surface zones except the eye and periorbital region. Mean scores for dental injuries and rib fractures also differed significantly among groups. Organized fighting dogs more commonly had multiple injuries, particularly of the thoracic limbs, dorsal and lateral aspects of the head and muzzle or oral mucosa, dorsal and lateral aspects of the neck, and ventral neck and thoracic region.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE To the authors' knowledge, this was the first study to compare injuries incurred during spontaneous and organized dogfighting. Establishing evidence-based patterns of injury will help clinicians identify dogs injured by organized dogfighting and aid in the prosecution of this crime.
Evolução de cinco geomembranas expostas a condições climáticas em Portugal durante 12 anos
Authors: Reis Amélia , Barroso Madalena , Graça Lopes Maria 
Published: November 2017

A evolução das propriedades das geomembranas foi estudada com base em ensaios realizados sobre amostras expostas às condições climáticas, com e sem geotêxtil de cobertura, durante aproximadamente 12 anos, em diferentes locais de Portugal. Neste artigo, analisam-se a influência da exposição sobre diferentes geomembranas de PEAD, a influência da radiação ultravioleta sobre geomembranas expostas em locais com distintos índices de UV e a influência do geotêxtil de proteção às geomembranas. As propriedades em análise foram a massa volúmica, o índice de fluidez, a resistência à tração e a extensão na cedência e na rotura, o teor em negro de carbono e o tempo de indução à oxidação. Verificou-se que a exposição às condições climáticas afetou a massa volúmica e o tempo de indução à oxidação. Verificou-se, também, que o aumento do índice ultravioleta influenciou os resultados da resistência à tração e extensão na cedência e do tempo de indução à oxidação. Por fim, constatou-se que os resultados foram semelhantes para as geomembranas expostas com e sem geotêxtil de cobertura.
PARADIGMAS DO ENSINO JURÍDICO E SUAS INFLUÊNCIAS NA FORMAÇÃO DO PROFISSIONAL DO DIREITO
Authors: Castro Nazaré Portilho Amaral , Cantanhede Cláudia Regina de Oliveira 
Published: November 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os paradigmas que norteiam o ensino jurídico no Brasil e as tendências necessárias à formação discente para o século XXI. Urge nos espaços em sala de aula o desenvolvimento e compromisso efetivo com práticas que superem a dimensão compartimentalizada, dogmática e procedimentalista do fazer o Direito. Foi realizado um estudo da literatura e da legislação federal que apontam a necessidade de formação profissional com ênfase na postura crítica e reflexiva para com a Ciência do Direito. Sugere-se a mediação dos saberes das temáticas jurídicas em sala de aula, utilizando-se as metodologias ativas do ensino. É necessária construção de processos de ensino calcados na busca constante do conhecimento e numa postura reflexiva que almeja a formação fundada nas habilidades e competências delineadas pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Paradigmas. Ensino Jurídico. Legislação. Possibilidades Metodológicas.
Zika Vírus e o Futuro da Odontologia no Atendimento a Pacientes com Microcefalia
Authors: Pereira Sângela Maria da Silva , Borba Alberto Sabin Moura , Rosa Jaqueline De Fátima Lopes , Carvalho Ceci Nunes , Filho Etevaldo Matos Maia , Ferreira Meire Coelho , Monteiro Cristina De Andrade , Moffa Eduardo Buozi 
Published: November 2017

O Zika Vírus (ZIKV) é um arbovírus, que tem o ácido ribonucleico como seu material genético, pertence a família Flaviviridae e é transmitido principalmente pelos mosquitos Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus, tendo-se registros também da sua transmissão por fluídos corporais. Desde Maio de 2015 o Brasil enfrenta um surto do vírus, que se espalhou rapidamente pelas Américas causando preocupação devido a possível relação do vírus com a microcefalia, que foi detectada no líquido amniótico e placenta de mulheres com fetos microcéfalos. Os pacientes acometidos com microcefalia possuem um perímetro cefálico inferior à média para o sexo e idade, e na maioria dos casos está associado à estrutura cerebral alterada, problemas de desenvolvimento e características faciais dismórficas. Estas características afetam não apenas o estado de saúde geral do paciente, mais também o atendimento odontológico, que se torna dificultado devido ao pequeno número de profissionais habilitados para o atendimento a pacientes especiais e ao pouco conhecimento das características craniofaciais e dentárias destes indivíduos. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as características craniofaciais que influenciam no atendimento odontológico e uma perspectiva sobre o futuro da odontologia no atendimento dos pacientes acometidos com microcefalia. Palavras-chave: Microcefalia, manifestações orais, Vírus Zika
Изучение свободно-радикального окисления у онкологических больных
Authors: Зуйков С. А. 
Published: November 2017

Изучено состояние прооксидантной и антиоксидантной систем у больных раком желудка, в зависимости от стадии заболевания в опухолевых тканях в сравнении с нетрансформированной слизистой желудка, а также проанализирована взаимосвязь обменов антиоксидантной/прооксидантной систем и обмена нуклеотидов. Материалом были опухолевые и смежные ткани желудка 35 больных в возрасте 40-80 лет.
Изучили активность ферментов обмена пуриновых нуклеотидов – аденозиндезаминазу (АДА) и ксантиноксидазу (КО), как показатели прооксидантной системы; антиоксидантную защиту – глутатионпероксидазу (ГПО) и супероксиддисмутазу (СОД); уровень нитратов/нитритов (NOх) и показатели окислительной модификации белков (ОМБ) – 2,4-динитрофенилгидразоны. Методом изучения активностей ферментов, уровня NOх и 2,4‑динитрофенилгидразонов была спектрофотометрия.
Нами установлено увеличение активности АДА, КО и снижение ГПО как при I-II стадии, так и на III-IV стадиях рака желудка. В обоих случаях отмечено увеличение уровня NOx и ОМБ в опухолевой ткани относительно нетрансформированной слизистой желудка. Изменение СОД имеет разнонаправленный характер – на ранних стадиях рака происходит снижение активности фермента (в 5,2 раза), а на поздних повышение (в 2,4 раза).
Race and Women of Color in Socialist/Postsocialist Transnational Feminisms in Central and Southeastern Europe
Authors: Todorova Miglena S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Recent scholarship on Black American women and feminists in the radical Left documents how these women's travel to the Soviet Union and other socialist countries in the twentieth century influenced their understanding of racism, imperialism, patriarchy, and capitalism in the United States and abroad. This study draws from a related but ignored archive of documents to examine how the travel and knowledges of these Black women have affected women and feminisms in the socialist/postsocialist countries they were visiting. The study explores these affects in the encounter, in 1972, between a young Muslim girl in socialist Bulgaria and African American feminist Angela Davis. This encounter is linked to postsocialist Romani feminisms explicitly rooted in African American women's epistemologies of intersectionality to confront racism and anti-Gypsyism in the European Union and former socialist states in central and southeastern Europe. Women members of dominant majorities in Bulgaria, Poland, and Romania seek links to women of color in the Global North and South but their bridgework rests upon claims to racial innocence and shared victimization. The study relates these modes of socialist/postsocialist transnational feminisms to global and historical racial formations wherein Western racial sciences, colonial technologies, Marxist-Leninist imaginations, and socialist state policies intertwined to produce socialist women belonging to privileged ethnic majorities attached to racial Whiteness and European civilization, as well as Romani and Muslim women whose Otherness marked them for state-led socialist emancipation or eradication. These women engage with women and feminisms of color from the United States and around the world, and the consequences of these engagements illuminate possibilities for new and extended feminist collectives and political alliances that include women in the so-called “Second World.”
Radial Variations of Outward and Inward Alfvénic Fluctuations Based on Ulysses Observations
Authors: Yang L. , Lee L. C. , Li J. P. , Luo Q. Y. , Kuo C. L. , Shi J. K. , Wu D. J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Ulysses magnetic and plasma data are used to study hourly scale Alfvénic fluctuations in the solar polar wind. The calculated energy ratio

(cal) of inward to outward Alfvén waves is obtained from the observed Walén slope through an analytical expression, and the observed

(obs) is based on a direct decomposition of original Alfvénic fluctuations into outward- and inward-propagating Alfvén waves. The radial variation of

(cal) shows a monotonically increasing trend with heliocentric distance r, implying the increasing local generation or contribution of inward Alfvén waves. The contribution is also shown by the radial increase in the occurrence of dominant inward fluctuations. We further pointed out a higher occurrence (

of a day in average) of dominant outward Alfvénic fluctuations in the solar wind than previously estimated. Since

(cal) is more accurate than

(obs) in the measurement of the energy ratio for dominant outward fluctuations, the values of

(cal) in our results are likely more realistic in the solar wind than those previously estimated as well as

(obs) in our results. The duration ratio R

T
of dominant inward to all Alfvénic fluctuations increases monotonically with r, and is about two or more times that from Voyager 2 observations at

. These results reveal new qualitative and quantitative features of Alfvénic fluctuations therein compared with previous studies and put constraints on modeling the variation of solar wind fluctuations.
La fin de vie des patients détenus
Authors: Chassagne Aline , Godard-Marceau Aurélie , Aubry Régis 
Published: November 2017

La loi Française du 4 mars 2002 a introduit la possibilité de suspendre la peine des personnes détenues en fin de vie. Cependant, tous les détenus malades en fin de vie n'ont pas accès à cette mesure. La plupart d’entre eux sont accueillis dans une Unité Hospitalière Sécurisée Interrégionale (UHSI) souvent pendant plusieurs semaines, parfois jusqu’à leur décès. Le but de cet article est de mettre en évidence la perception des soins palliatifs des patients détenus et des professionnels les accompagnant. Après avoir exposé les conditions de notre enquête de terrain, nous montrons comment les contraintes spatiales et temporelles inhérentes au fonctionnement de l’UHSI entravent les possibilités d’accompagnement des détenus en fin de vie. Pour finir, nous montrons que la question de la mort reste impensée dans ce milieu contraint. Ainsi, la définition de la « bonne mort » et les objectifs de la sanction pénale sont questionnés.
La parenté au crible de la génétique
Authors: Déchaux Jean-Hugues 
Published: November 2017

La procréation humaine, déjà soumise à une technicisation et une médicalisation croissantes, est depuis peu l’objet d’un processus de « marchandisation » dont le marché international des gamètes est une illustration. Dans le but de cerner les normes et valeurs promues par ce type de commerce, qui se développe principalement sur Internet, l’article procède à une analyse détaillée de l’offre de services de deux banques de sperme en position de leadership sur le marché européen. Il ressort que la communication commerciale et la gamme de services proposée entretiennent la croyance en une héritabilité des traits personnels et relèvent d’une logique de moindre risque pour laquelle la sélection biogénétique du donneur et des gamètes est présentée comme l’équivalent d’une assurance. La « marchandisation » du sperme produit donc des effets sur les représentations sociales de la procréation et de la parenté.
Apprendre à s’attacher
Authors: Rochat Line 
Published: November 2017

Cet article vise à rendre compte des façons dont des femmes enceintes construisent des liens affectifs avec leur fœtus dans des contextes de grossesses considérées à risque d’accouchement avant terme. Il explore les implications pragmatiques de l’ambiguïté relationnelle qui marque deux figures progressivement construites dans le discours biomédical comme distinctes : le corps maternel et le corps fœtal. Sur la base de récits de femmes ayant vécu des expériences de ce type, il rend compte des manières dont elles se sont mises en relation avec leur fœtus et avec les professionnels qu’elles côtoyaient. Des grossesses sous étroite surveillance rythmées par des événements qui bouleversent les prédictions quant à leur aboutissement ont contraint ces femmes à repenser leur relation à leur fœtus à plusieurs reprises. Elles ont appris à s’attacher à leur fœtus de multiples manières : en identifiant chez ce dernier des signes de « volonté de vie », en acceptant de soumettre leur corps à de multiples interventions visant à « sauver » leur fœtus, mais également en acceptant la perte et la mort de ce dernier.
Multi-century cool- and warm-season rainfall reconstructions for Australia's major climatic regions
Authors: Freund Mandy , Henley Benjamin J. , Karoly David J. , Allen Kathryn J. , Baker Patrick J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Australian seasonal rainfall is strongly affected by large-scale ocean–atmosphere climate influences. In this study, we exploit the links between these precipitation influences, regional rainfall variations, and palaeoclimate proxies in the region to reconstruct Australian regional rainfall between four and eight centuries into the past. We use an extensive network of palaeoclimate records from the Southern Hemisphere to reconstruct cool (April–September) and warm (October–March) season rainfall in eight natural resource management (NRM) regions spanning the Australian continent. Our bi-seasonal rainfall reconstruction aligns well with independent early documentary sources and existing reconstructions. Critically, this reconstruction allows us, for the first time, to place recent observations at a bi-seasonal temporal resolution into a pre-instrumental context, across the entire continent of Australia. We find that recent 30- and 50-year trends towards wetter conditions in tropical northern Australia are highly unusual in the multi-century context of our reconstruction. Recent cool-season drying trends in parts of southern Australia are very unusual, although not unprecedented, across the multi-century context. We also use our reconstruction to investigate the spatial and temporal extent of historical drought events. Our reconstruction reveals that the spatial extent and duration of the Millennium Drought (1997–2009) appears either very much below average or unprecedented in southern Australia over at least the last 400 years. Our reconstruction identifies a number of severe droughts over the past several centuries that vary widely in their spatial footprint, highlighting the high degree of diversity in historical droughts across the Australian continent. We document distinct characteristics of major droughts in terms of their spatial extent, duration, intensity, and seasonality. Compared to the three largest droughts in the instrumental period (Federation Drought, 1895–1903; World War II Drought, 1939–1945; and the Millennium Drought, 1997–2005), we find that the historically documented Settlement Drought (1790–1793), Sturt's Drought (1809–1830) and the Goyder Line Drought (1861–1866) actually had more regionalised patterns and reduced spatial extents. This seasonal rainfall reconstruction provides a new opportunity to understand Australian rainfall variability by contextualising severe droughts and recent trends in Australia.
Assessment of an ensemble seasonal streamflow forecasting system for Australia
Authors: Bennett James C. , Wang Quan J. , Robertson David E. , Schepen Andrew , Li Ming , Michael Kelvin 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Despite an increasing availability of skilful long-range streamflow forecasts, many water agencies still rely on simple resampled historical inflow sequences (stochastic scenarios) to plan operations over the coming year. We assess a recently developed forecasting system called forecast guided stochastic scenarios (FoGSS) as a skilful alternative to standard stochastic scenarios for the Australian continent. FoGSS uses climate forecasts from a coupled ocean–land–atmosphere prediction system, post-processed with the method of calibration, bridging and merging. Ensemble rainfall forecasts force a monthly rainfall–runoff model, while a staged hydrological error model quantifies and propagates hydrological forecast uncertainty through forecast lead times. FoGSS is able to generate ensemble streamflow forecasts in the form of monthly time series to a 12-month forecast horizon. FoGSS is tested on 63 Australian catchments that cover a wide range of climates, including 21 ephemeral rivers. In all perennial and many ephemeral catchments, FoGSS provides an effective alternative to resampled historical inflow sequences. FoGSS generally produces skilful forecasts at shorter lead times ( <  4 months), and transits to climatology-like forecasts at longer lead times. Forecasts are generally reliable and unbiased. However, FoGSS does not perform well in very dry catchments (catchments that experience zero flows more than half the time in some months), sometimes producing strongly negative forecast skill and poor reliability. We attempt to improve forecasts through the use of (i) ESP rainfall forcings, (ii) different rainfall–runoff models, and (iii) a Bayesian prior to encourage the error model to return climatology forecasts in months when the rainfall–runoff model performs poorly. Of these, the use of the prior offers the clearest benefit in very dry catchments, where it moderates strongly negative forecast skill and reduces bias in some instances. However, the prior does not remedy poor reliability in very dry catchments. Overall, FoGSS is an attractive alternative to historical inflow sequences in all but the driest catchments. We discuss ways in which forecast reliability in very dry catchments could be improved in future work.
Scientific Exploration of Induced SeisMicity and Stress (SEISMS)
Authors: Savage Heather M. , Kirkpatrick James D. , Mori James J. , Brodsky Emily E. , Ellsworth William L. , Carpenter Brett M. , Chen Xiaowei , Cappa Frédéric , Kano Yasuyuki 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Several major fault-drilling projects have captured the interseismic and postseismic periods of earthquakes. However, near-field observations of faults immediately before and during an earthquake remain elusive due to the unpredictable nature of seismicity. The Scientific Exploration of Induced SeisMicity and Stress (SEISMS) workshop met in March 2017 to discuss the value of a drilling experiment where a fault is instrumented in advance of an earthquake induced through controlled fluid injection. The workshop participants articulated three key issues that could most effectively be addressed by such an experiment: (1) predictive understanding of the propensity for seismicity in reaction to human forcing, (2) identification of earthquake nucleation processes, and (3) constraints on the factors controlling earthquake size. A systematic review of previous injection experiments exposed important observational gaps in all of these areas. The participants discussed the instrumentation and technological needs as well as faults and tectonic areas that are feasible from both a societal and scientific standpoint.
Classification, Morphology, Molecular Pathogenesis, and Outcome of Premalignant Lesions of the Pancreas
Authors: Pittman Meredith E. , Rao Rema , Hruban Ralph H. 
Published: November 2017

Context.—
Invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a greater than 90% mortality rate at 5 years. Understanding noninvasive, curable precursor lesions gives us the best hope for reducing mortality from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The 3 pancreatic precursor lesions that have been well studied include intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia.

Objective.—
To give an update on the latest clinical, molecular, and pathologic advances in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia for the general surgical pathologist.

Data Sources.—
The current literature was analyzed and the authors' experiences with institutional and consult material were incorporated.

Conclusions.—
Our understanding of the molecular alterations that lead from pancreatic precursor lesion to invasive carcinoma continues to evolve. These advances aid clinicians in their treatment decisions and researchers in their search for actionable, druggable targets.
Reference standards to assess physical fitness of children and adolescents of Brazil: an approach to the students of the Lake Itaipú region—Brazil
Authors: Hobold Edilson , Pires-Lopes Vitor , Gómez-Campos Rossana , de Arruda Miguel , Andruske Cynthia Lee , Pacheco-Carrillo Jaime , Cossio-Bolaños Marco Antonio 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThe importance of assessing body fat variables and physical fitness tests plays an important role in monitoring the level of activity and physical fitness of the general population. The objective of this study was to develop reference norms to evaluate the physical fitness aptitudes of children and adolescents based on age and sex from the lake region of Itaipú, Brazil.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 5,962 students (2,938 males and 3,024 females) with an age range of 6.0 and 17.9 years. Weight (kg), height (cm), and triceps (mm), and sub-scapular skinfolds (mm) were measured. Body Mass Index (BMI kg/m2) was calculated. To evaluate the four physical fitness aptitude dimensions (morphological, muscular strength, flexibility, and cardio-respiratory), the following physical education tests were given to the students: sit-and-reach (cm), push-ups (rep), standing long jump (cm), and 20-m shuttle run (m).Results and DiscussionFemales showed greater flexibility in the sit-and-reach test and greater body fat than the males. No differences were found in BMI. Percentiles were created for the four components for the physical fitness aptitudes, BMI, and skinfolds by using the LMS method based on age and sex. The proposed reference values may be used for detecting talents and promoting health in children and adolescents.