bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar Chiral Cyclophanes
Authors: Tanaka Ken 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of planar chiral cyclophanes has been achieved by two types of transition-metal catalysis: (1) enantioselective construction of aromatic rings by transition-metal-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions; (2) enantioselective construction of ansa chains by transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. The former approach has been achieved by the cationic rhodium(I)/H8-BINAP complex-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition of triynes, which afforded planar chiral dioxa[6]–[12]metacyclophanes with high ee values, although the yields were low. Planar chiral carba[10]–[12]paracyclophanes could also be synthesized with high yields and ee values by the cationic rhodium(I)/BDPP complex-catalyzed enantioselective intermolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition of cyclic diynes with monoynes. On the other hand, the latter approach was achieved by the cationic rhodium(I)/BINAPHANE or palladium(II)/BINAP complex-catalyzed double C–S bond formation between dithiols and 1,4-bis(bromomethyl)benzenes, which afforded planar chiral dithia[9]–[12]paracyclophanes and dithia[3.3]paracyclophanes with varying yields and ee values.
Fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodule smaller than 1.0 cm: accuracy of TIRADS classification system in more than 1000 nodules
Authors: Mendes Guilherme F , Garcia Marcio RT , Falsarella Priscila M , Rahal Antonio , Cavalcante Junior Francisco A , Nery Daniela R , Garcia Rodrigo G 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
To identify whether or not the same ultrasound features can be applied and should be considered to support the decision as to which subcentimeter nodules should be biopsied with fine needle aspiration (FNAB).

Methods:
Single-institution, IRB approved, retrospective study conducted from 2008 to 2016 that evaluated 1094 thyroid nodules smaller than 1.0 cm that were classified according to TIRADS and submitted for FNAB.

Results:
The value of FNAB of thyroid nodules smaller than 1.0 cm were assessed and correlated with the sonographic criteria by comparing the obtained results with the cytological findings in 1094 thyroid nodules. In the analysis considering all nodules, the proportion of malignancies among nodules with TIRADS 2 is 0.91% and for TIRADS 3 is 2.87%. Among those classified as 4A, 12.26%; with 4B classification, 34.43%; with 4C classification, 66.6%; and among those with 5 classifications, 85.7%.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the TIRADS classification system, based on the sonographic features reported herein, may help detect which nodules should be investigated for potential malignancies.

Advances in knowledge:
Few reports compare the efficacy of ultrasound-FNAB for thyroid nodules smaller than 1.0 cm in diameter. The findings of malignancy in this subgroup of nodules may help in the clinical follow-up of which patients should be submitted to an early imaging evaluation or intervention.
Ο ρόλος του κράτους στα ραδιοτηλεοπτικά μέσα επικοινωνίας: Μύθος καί πραγματικότητα
Authors: Σεραφετινίδου Μελίνα 
Published: November 2017

Το άρθρο καταδεικνύει το μύθο πίσω από την αντίληψη της κρατικής ραδιοφωνίας-τηλεόρασης ως «δημόσιας κοινωνικής υπηρεσίας» αναπτύσσοντας μια ερμηνεία των κρατικών μέσων η οποία εδράζεται στη θεώρηση του σύγχρονου παρεμβατικού κράτους όχι ως διαχειριστή της οικονομίας, αλλά ως νέο φορέα του κεφαλαίου, ως κρατικό κεφάλαιο το οποίο αντικαθιστά ή ανταγωνίζεται τον παραδοσιακό φορέα τις ιδιωτικές επιχειρήσεις. Ιδιαίτερη έμφαση δίνεται στην ανάλυση των μηχανισμών που αποκαλύπτουν τον κεφαλαιοκρατικό χαρακτήρα των δημόσιων οργανισμών «κοινής ωφελείας», καθώς και την εγγενή ιδιοτέλεια των στελεχών τους. Τέλος, υποστηρίζεται ότι η έκταση και η συγκεκριμένη μορφή που προσλαμβάνει ο κρατικός έλεγχος του ραδιοτηλεοπτικού πεδίου σε κάθε χρονική περίοδο ή/και κοινωνικό σχηματισμό σε τελική ανάλυση καθορίζεται από την ισορροπία δυνάμεων μεταξύ κρατικού και ιδιωτικού κεφαλαίου, όπως αποδεικνύουν τα γεγονότα που οδήγησαν στην επικράτηση της ιδιωτικής πρωτοβουλίας στις ΗΠΑ, στο κρατικό μονοπώλιο στις ευρωπαϊκές κοινωνίες μέχρι τα τέλη της δεκαετίας του ’70, και στην απορύθμιση και ιδιωτικοποίηση του πεδίου από το 1980 και μετά.
Proposed In‐Training Electrocardiogram Interpretation Competencies for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Trainees
Authors: Antiperovitch Pavel , Zareba Wojciech , Steinberg Jonathan S. , Bacharova Ljuba , Tereshchenko Larisa G. , Farre Jeronimo , Nikus Kjell , Ikeda Takanori , Baranchuk Adrian ,   International Society of Electrocardiology and the International Society of Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology
Published: November 2017

Despite its importance in everyday clinical practice, the ability of physicians to interpret electrocardiograms (ECGs) is highly variable. ECG patterns are often misdiagnosed, and electrocardiographic emergencies are frequently missed, leading to adverse patient outcomes. Currently, many medical education programs lack an organized curriculum and competency assessment to ensure trainees master this essential skill.ECG patterns that were previously mentioned in literature were organized into groups from A to D based on their clinical importance and distributed among levels of training. Incremental versions of this organization were circulated among members of the International Society of Electrocardiology and the International Society of Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology until complete consensus was reached.We present reasonably attainable ECG interpretation competencies for undergraduate and postgraduate trainees. Previous literature suggests that methods of teaching ECG interpretation are less important and can be selected based on the available resources of each education program and student preference. The evidence clearly favors summative trainee evaluation methods, which would facilitate learning and ensure that appropriate competencies are acquired. Resources should be allocated to ensure that every trainee reaches their training milestones and should ensure that no electrocardiographic emergency (class A condition) is ever missed.We hope that these guidelines will inform medical education programs and encourage them to allocate sufficient resources and develop organized curricula. Assessments must be in place to ensure trainees acquire the level‐appropriate ECG interpretation skills that are required for safe clinical practice.
The role of neurectomy in the management of spasticity of the upper limb
Authors: Mikalef Petros , Power Dominic 
Published: November 2017

Neurectomy is one of the treatments available to the surgeon treating patients with spasticity of the upper limb. Its popularity has increased in recent years. Accurate knowledge of the anatomical variations of the terminal branches to the muscles is required in order to achieve a successful outcome. Although the anatomy has been thoroughly studied, there are still controversies regarding the percentage of the nerve to be resected for a successful result, and also regarding the terminology that has been used in the literature to describe the procedure. The literature for neurectomies for the upper limb is reviewed and an agreement regarding terminology is proposed. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:469-473. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160074
Knock-out transmembrane prostate androgen-induced protein gene suppressed triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Wardhani Bantari W.K. , Puteri Meidi U. , Watanabe Yukihide , Louisa Melva , Setiabudy Rianto , Kato Mitsuyasu 
Published: November 2017

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tends to grow more rapidly and has poorer prognosis compared to others. High expression of transmembrane prostate androgen-induced protein (TMEPAI) correlates with poor prognosis in TNBC patients. However, the mechanistic role of TMEPAI in tumorigenic remains unknown. This study aimed to knock-out TMEPAI in TNBC cell line to determine its function further in cells proliferation.Methods: CRISPR-Cas9 has been used previously to knock-out TMEPAI in Hs857T TNBC cell line. Hs587T TNBC parental cell line (wild-type/WT) and TMEPAI knock out Hs 586T cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% penicillin-streptomycin and amphotericin B. Both cell lines were seeded in 24-well plates and counted every two days, then proliferation rates were plotted. Afterwards, total RNA were isolated from the cells and Ki-67, and TGF-β mRNA expression levels as proliferation markers were determined.Results: Cell proliferation rates as displayed in growth curve plots showed that WT-TMEPAI cell line grew more rapidly than KO-TMEPAI. In accordance, mRNA expression levels of Ki-67 and TGF-β were significantly decreased KO-TMEPAI as compare to TMEPAI-WT.Conclusion: Knock-out of TMEPAI attenuates cell proliferation in TNBC.
Influence of residual force enhancement and elongation of attached cross‐bridges on stretch‐shortening cycle in skinned muscle fibers
Authors: Fukutani Atsuki , Joumaa Venus , Herzog Walter 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIncreased muscle force during stretch‐shortening cycles (SSCs) has been widely examined. However, the mechanisms causing increased muscle force in SSCs remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of residual force enhancement and elongation of attached cross‐bridges on the work enhancement in SSCs. For the Control condition, skinned rabbit soleus fibers were elongated passively from an average sarcomere length of 2.4 to 3.0 μm, activated and then actively shortened to 2.4 μm. For the Transition condition, fibers were elongated actively from an average sarcomere length of 2.4 to 3.0 μm. Two seconds after the end of active lengthening, fibers were actively shortened to 2.4 μm. In the SSC condition, fibers were lengthened actively from an average sarcomere length of 2.4 to 3.0 μm, and then immediately shortened actively to 2.4 μm. Increased muscle force in the SSCs was quantified by the increase in mechanical work during active shortening compared to the mechanical work measured during the purely active shortening contractions. Work enhancement was significantly greater in the SSC compared to the Transition conditions. This difference was associated with the pause given between the active lengthening and shortening phase in the Transition test, which likely resulted in a reduction of the average elongation of the attached cross‐bridges caused by active stretching. Since some work enhancement was still observed in the Transition condition, another factor, for example the stretch‐induced residual force enhancement, must also have contributed to the work enhancement in SSCs.
Deep‐targeted sequencing of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene exons uncovers exercise intensity and ethnicity‐dependent associations with post‐exercise hypotension
Authors: Pescatello Linda S. , Schifano Elizabeth D. , Ash Garrett I. , Panza Gregory A. , Corso Lauren M. L. , Chen Ming‐Hui , Deshpande Ved , Zaleski Amanda , Cilhoroz Burak , Farinatti Paulo , Taylor Beth A. , O'Neill Rachel J. , Thompson Paul D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn previous studies, we found an endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3) variant rs2070744 associated with the ambulatory blood pressure (BP) response following bouts of moderate and vigorous intensity acute exercise, termed post‐exercise hypotension (PEH). In a validation cohort, we sequenced NOS3 exons for associations with PEH. Obese (30.9 ± 3.6 kg.m−2) African American (n = 14) [AF] and Caucasian (n = 9) adults 42.0 ± 9.8 years with hypertension (139.8 ± 10.4/84.6 ± 6.2 mmHg) performed three random experiments: bouts of vigorous and moderate intensity cycling and control. Subjects were attached to an ambulatory BP monitor for 19 h. We performed deep‐targeted exon sequencing with the Illumina TruSeq Custom Amplicon kit. Variant genotypes were coded as number of minor alleles (#MA) and selected for additional statistical analysis based upon Bonferonni or Benjamini–Yekutieli multiple testing‐corrected P‐values under time‐adjusted linear models for 19 hourly BP measurements for each subject. After vigorous intensity over 19 h, among NOS3 variants passing multiple testing thresholds, as the #MA increased in rs891512 (P = 6.4E‐04), rs867225 (P = 6.5E‐04), rs743507 (P = 2.6E‐06), and rs41483644 (P = 2.4E‐04), systolic (SBP) decreased from 17.5 to 33.7 mmHg; and in rs891512 (P = 9.7E‐05), rs867225 (P = 2.6E‐05), rs41483644 (P = 1.6E‐03), rs3730009 (P = 2.6E‐04), and rs77325852 (P = 5.6E‐04), diastolic BP decreased from 11.1 mmHg to 20.3 mmHg among AF only. In contrast, after moderate intensity over 19 h in NOS3 rs3918164, as the #MA increased, SBP increased by 16.6 mmHg (P = 2.4E‐04) among AF only. NOS3 variants exhibited associations with PEH after vigorous, but not moderate intensity exercise among AF only. NOS3 should be studied further for its effects on PEH in a large, ethnically diverse sample of adults with hypertension to confirm our findings.
Repeated bouts of resistance exercise with short recovery periods activates mTOR signaling, but not protein synthesis, in mouse skeletal muscle
Authors: Takegaki Junya , Ogasawara Riki , Tamura Yuki , Takagi Ryo , Arihara Yuki , Tsutaki Arata , Nakazato Koichi , Ishii Naokata 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe recovery period between bouts of exercise is one of the major factors influencing the effects of resistance exercise, in addition to exercise intensity and volume. However, the effects of shortening the recovery time between bouts of resistance exercise on subsequent protein synthesis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the consequences of shortening the recovery time between bouts of resistance exercise on protein synthesis and related processes in mouse skeletal muscles. Eighteen male C57BL/6J mice were randomly subjected to three bouts of resistance exercise with 72 (72H), 24 (24H), or 8 h (8H) of recovery periods between bouts. Resistance exercise, consisting of five sets of 3 s × 10 isometric contractions with 3 min rest between sets, was elicited on the right tibialis anterior muscle via percutaneous electrical stimulation on the deep peroneal nerve under isoflurane anesthesia. The left muscle served as an internal control. Six hours after the third bout of exercise, protein synthesis was found to be activated in the 72H and 24H groups, but not in the 8H group. Phosphorylation of p70S6K at Thr 389, a marker of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, was increased in all groups, with the 8H group showing the highest magnitude. In contrast, protein carbonylation was observed only in mice in the 8H group. These results suggest that repeated bouts of resistance exercise with 8 h of recovery periods do not effectively increase the levels of muscle protein synthesis despite activation of the mTOR signaling pathway, which likely involves oxidative stress.
Smart cities, epistemic communities, advocacy coalitions and the `last mile' problem
Authors: Kitchin Rob , Coletta Claudio , Evans Leighton , Heaphy Liam , MacDonncha Darach 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We argue that the
ideas, ideals and the rapid proliferation of smart city
rhetoric and initiatives globally have been facilitated and promoted by
three inter-related
communities: (i) `urban
technocrats'; (ii) a smart cities `epistemic
community'; (iii) a wider `advocacy
coalition'. We examine their roles and the multiscale
formation, and why despite their influence they
encounter a `last mile problem'; that
is, smart city initiatives are yet to become fully
mainstreamed. We illustrate this last mile problem
through a discussion of plans to introduce smart lighting in
Dublin.
The Flint Water Crisis and the Role of Professional Emergency Managers in Risk Mitigation
Authors: Paine Mark , Kushma Jane A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA federal emergency was declared in Flint, Michigan on January 16, 2016 because of elevated lead levels in the city drinking water system. Resulting from a number of technical mistakes and a lack of oversight by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, this crisis may have implications for the professional practice of emergency management. This paper explores the relationship between critical infrastructure and disaster theory, reviews the Flint crisis as a representative case study, and presents recommendations for emergency managers to begin to assess the drinking water systems within their own communities. As this is a still-evolving event, the discussion is based on the extent of the information available to both researchers and the public primarily as of late Fall, 2016. Future researchers will need to evaluate records from upcoming court proceedings and file additional FOIA requests after all subpoenas have been lifted in order to analyze how both a large public water system and a state government could allow the omission of corrosion control.
Mangelnde Eisenverfügbarkeit: Welche Laboruntersuchungen anfordern und wie klinisch interpretieren? https://degruyter.instruct.eu
Authors: Thomas Lothar , Thomas Christian 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Traditionell wird eine mangelnde Eisenverfügbarkeit häufig erst im Rahmen einer klinisch relevanten Eisenmangelanämie diagnostiziert. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt besteht entweder ein totaler Eisenmangel oder das Eisen ist Inflammations-bedingt in Makrophagen sequestriert und steht den Funktionsstellen nicht zur Verfügung. In beiden Fällen kann die Therapie langwierig und anspruchsvoll sein. Jedoch kann auch ohne klinisch relevante Anämie die Eisenverfügbarkeit vermindert sein, z.B. bei Patienten mit chronischer Herzinsuffizienz, transient intraoperativ nach Blutverlust, bei Mehrfach-Blutspendern oder Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter. Die mangelnde Eisenverfügbarkeit kann mit subklinischem Eisenmangel, totalem Eisenmangel, Eisen-restriktiver Erythropoese, meist in Kombination mit der Anämie chronischer Erkrankungen assoziiert sein, oder Therapie-bedingt als funktioneller Eisenmangel vorliegen. Die Inflammations-bedingte Sequestration von Eisen ist bei Patienten mit chronischer Erkrankung, z. B. bei schwerer Herzinsuffizienz, eine wichtige Ursache für eine prälatente Anämie und damit verbundener Verminderung der Lebensqualität. Vor Therapie ermöglicht die Bestimmung biochemischer Marker, hämatologischer Indices oder die Anforderung multivariabler Systeme (diagnostischer Eisenblot, Eisenscore) die Diagnose einer mangelnden Eisenverfügbarkeit im prälatenten Stadium. In der Vergangenheit wurde die Diagnose des Eisenmangels häufig erst im Rahmen einer klinisch relevanten Anämie diagnostiziert. Ferritin und die Transferrinsättigung waren die wesentlichen Untersuchungen. Neuere Tests ermöglichen die frühzeitige Diagnose einer mangelnden Eisenverfügbarkeit, so daß diese therapiert werden kann bevor sich das Vollbild einer klinisch relvanten Eisenmangelanämie darstellt. Dies bietet sich insbesondere für Personengruppen an, die ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine Eisenmangelanämie haben.
Political Regimes and Government’s Reaction to Terrorism. A Simple Model
Authors: Brugali Nicola , Buonanno Paolo , Gilli Mario 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhy do autocratic regimes have sometimes a weak reaction to terrorism, and conversely why do democratic regimes sometimes react harshly? More generally, what are the determinants of governments’ reaction to terrorism? And, what are the determinants of terrorism and of its dynamic? In the last years, there have been many empirical studies conducted on these questions. We believe, however, that a general theoretical model is missing, which would significantly help empirical research and its interpretation. This paper is a first attempt towards the construction of such a general model. In this model, individual human capital, government responsiveness and economic development are seen as potential factors influencing individual choice to use terrorism as a political strategy. In this paper, we elaborate a strategic model of terrorism with a specific focus on domestic terrorism, in which the individual choice of joining a terrorist organization is a way of pursing specific political aims. This decision is in turn influenced by the interaction between terrorist’ activity, political engagement and government policies. We are able to prove that three different political regimes form the equilibrium outcomes, and that there is not a simple monotonic relationship between a regime accountability and terrorism’ repression. It is then also perfectly possible for a democratic regime to harshly repress terrorism and for an autocratic polity to be tolerant on terrorism.
Comparison Between Power Off-Ice Test and Performance On-Ice Anaerobic Testing
Authors: Boucher Vincent G. , Parent Andrée-Anne , St-Jean Miron Fanie , Leone Mario , Comtois Alain S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Boucher, VG, Parent, AA, Miron, FSJ, Leone, M, and Comtois, AS. Comparison between power off-ice test and performance on-ice anaerobic testing. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3498–3505, 2020—The importance of specific testing has been shown in ice hockey performance, and the understanding and connection between them may lead to adapting training and follow-up in elite athletes. The aim of this study was to compare 2 off-ice power tests with performances on ice with National Hockey League (NHL) players. The vertical jump and broad jump tests were used for the off-ice evaluations, whereas a modified SAS-40 and a repeated-sprint skate (RSSm) test were used on-ice as performance variables. Thirty-one players (3 goalkeepers, 10 defense players, and 18 forward players) from the NHL performed before preseason training camp. Four evaluation sessions were performed with 48-hour time intervals between them. The results show that the 2 jump types were correlated (r
2 = 0.45 p < 0.01), and there was a significant correlation between the vertical jump and the best SAS-40 time trial for defense players, but not for forward players (r
2 = 0.76 p = 0.02; r
2 = 0.21 p = 0.16, respectively). By contrast, there was a significant correlation between broad jump and best SAS-40 time trial for forward players but not for defensive players (r
2 = 0.75 p < 0.01; r
2 = 0.19 p = 0.28, respectively). In conclusion, results show that specific player ability needs to be taken into consideration when choosing off-ice tests.