bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viral Genome Surveillance via Modifiable Microarray Sequencing and a Supervised Stack Ensemble Neural Network Model: SARS-CoV-2 as a Case Study
Authors: Plackowski Kenneth , Ebinumoliseh Ifeoma , Ogbuewu Emmanuel , Hoff Kendall , Edwards Jeremy S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Viral outbreaks, including Dengue, Zika, Ebola, and particularly SARS-CoV-2, have caused significant global impacts and unprecedented losses of life. SARS-CoV-2, in particular, continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide and in the United States, with many individuals experiencing prolonged symptoms. In this study, we present a novel genomic surveillance approach that combines a stack-ensembled neural network and microarray genome resequencing by hybridization.
Results
The resequencing microarray features ~ 240,000 probes for approximately 30,000 nucleotides per genomic sample. The data utilized were derived from our previously reported cost-effective and rapid full-genome tiling array technology. Our base-calling algorithms were enhanced with 48 input features per base position and multiple scanning exposure times. The training dataset included 570,000 data points from which over 12,000 neural network models were developed. To assess the accuracy of our stack-ensembled models in base-calling and variant identification, we analyzed genomic data from four clinical samples with a cycle threshold value ≤ 24 via neural network and logistic regression meta-models.
Conclusions
Our models demonstrated accuracies exceeding 99% and coverages comparable to existing standards. Microarray genome resequencing of clinical viral samples provides significant benefits in terms of cost-effectiveness, speed, and flexibility, allowing for the surveillance of diverse viral genomes without the need for extensive algorithm retraining.
Development and Validation of the Out-of-Hospital Adherence Questionnaire for Stroke Patients
Authors: Wu Meiting , Qu Jiayan , Lu Jianping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background The extent of rehabilitation of stroke patients outside the hospital is contingent upon their dedication to rehabilitative exercises, adherence to a suitable diet, and medication protocols. Therefore, multiple aspects of compliance must be assessed. Questionnaires are indirect measurements that are economical and easy to use. However, questionnaires should meet specific criteria to minimize errors and ensure reprehensibility of the results.Objective To evaluate the psychometric properties and feasibility of an Out-of-Hospital Adherence Questionnaire for Stroke Patients, which has at least one measure of validity and one measure of reliability.Methods A preliminary "Out-of-hospital Adherence Questionnaire for Stroke Patients" was developed based on a literature review and two rounds of Delphi expert consultation. Between April 1 and July 2022, 308 stroke patients revisited the neurology departments of four Grade A tertiary hospitals in Shanghai using the convenience sampling approach. Various statistical methods, such as item analysis, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and the internal consistency measure Cronbach’s α coefficient, were employed to assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Results A total of 290 questionnaires were collected; the Cronbach’s α coefficients were 0.936, 0.862, 0.916, and 0.928 for the different sections, and the overall Cronbach’s α coefficient for the entire scale was 0.902. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis were CMIN/DF = 2.490, RMR = 0.05, GFI = 0.901, NFI = 0.927, IFI = 0.955, and RMSEA = 0.054. The standardized loading values varied between 0.717 and 0.916. The combined reliabilities of the four dimensions were 0.936, 0.864, 0.917, and 0.929, respectively. The average variance extraction values for the four dimensions are 0.676, 0.614, 0.611, and 0.652, respectively.Conclusion The Out-of-Hospital Adherence Questionnaire for Stroke Patients is a reliable and accurate instrument for evaluating medication use, nutritional status, and behavior throughout the out-of-hospital rehabilitation phase.
Encouraging Arm Use in Stroke Survivors: The Impact of Smart Reminders during a Home-Based Intervention
Authors: Mayrhuber Laura , Andres Sebastian D. , Legrand Mathilde L. , Luft Andreas R. , Ryser Franziska , Gassert Roger , Veerbeek Janne M. , Duinen Jannie van , Schwarz Anne , Franinovic Karmen , Rickert Christoph , Schkommodau Erik , Held Jeremia P. O. , Easthope Chris Awai , Lambercy Olivier 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Upper limb impairment post-stroke often leads to a predominant use of the unaffected arm and consequent learned disuse of the affected side, hindering upper limb outcome. Wearable sensors such as accelerometers, combined with smart reminders (i.e., based on the amount of arm activity), offer a potential approach to promote increased use of the affected arm to improve upper limb use during daily life. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of wrist vibratory reminders during a six-week home-based intervention in chronic stroke survivors.
Methods
We evaluated the impact of the home-based intervention on the primary outcome, the Motor Activity Log-14 Item Version scores Amount of Use (MAL-14 AOU), and the secondary outcomes MAL-14 Quality of Movement (QOM) and sensor-derived activity metrics from the affected arm. A randomized controlled trial design was used for the study: the intervention group received personalized reminders based on individualized arm activity goals, while the control group did not receive any feedback. Mixed linear models assessed the influence of the group, week of the intervention period, and initial impairment level on MAL-14 and arm activity metrics.
Results
Forty-two participants were enrolled in the study. Overall, participants exhibited modest but not clinically relevant increases in MAL-14 AOU (+ 0.2 points) and QOM (+ 0.2 points) after the intervention period, with no statistically significant differences between the intervention and control group. Feasibility challenges were noted, such as adherence to wearing the trackers and sensor data quality. However, in participants with sufficiently available sensor data (n = 23), the affected arm use extracted from the sensor data was significantly higher in the intervention group (p < 0.05). The initial impairment level strongly influenced affected arm use and both MAL-14 AOU and QOM (p < 0.01).
Conclusions
The study investigated the effectiveness of incorporating activity trackers with smart reminders to increase affected arm activity among stroke survivors during daily life. While the results regarding the increased arm use at home are promising, patient-reported outcomes remained below clinically meaningful thresholds and showed no group differences. Further, it is essential to acknowledge feasibility issues such as adherence to wearing the trackers during the intervention and missing sensor data.
Trial registration:
NCT03294187
Stereoacuity and ocular-associated factors in children aged 3-7 years in Guangxi, Southern China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xiao Xin , Huang Huiyao , Luo Yan , Luo Wuqiang , Li Lili , Lin Enwei , Kong Min , Xu Fan , Chen Qi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the distribution of stereoacuity and its ocular-associated factors in children aged 3–7 years in Guangxi, Southern China.
Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited 4,090 children aged 3–7 years (mean: 5.12 ± 0.95 years) from 12 randomly selected kindergartens using cluster sampling in Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region, Southern China. Comprehensive assessments included visual acuity assessment, noncycloplegic autorefraction, anterior segment examination, cover/uncover and alternating cover tests, fundus examination, and the Titmus stereo test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the factors associated with subnormal stereoacuity (> 40 arcsec).
Results
The prevalence rates of anisometropia, astigmatism, and strabismus were 18.24%, 26.11%, and 0.20%, respectively. The mean stereoacuity was 1.88 ± 0.34 log units (median: 60.25 arcsec), with the majority (65.18%) having subnormal stereoacuity. The mean log units of stereoacuity decreased with age (F = 144.7, P < 0.001). Compared with girls, boys had a significantly greater mean log unit stereoacuity (1.90 ± 0.35 vs 1.87 ± 0.34, t = 2.589, P = 0.010). In the multivariate logistic regression, older age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.040–0.461 for years 4–7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.018–0.613 for years 4–7, all P < 0.001) and female sex (OR = 0.672, 95% CI: 0.584–0.772, P < 0.001) were protective factors, whereas interocular acuity difference [IAD] (OR = 6.906, 95% CI: 3.133–16.01, P < 0.001), mean LogMAR acuity (OR = 11.491, 95% CI: 6.065–22.153, P < 0.001), mean cylindrical error [CYLmean] (OR = 1.201, 95% CI: 1.055–1.365, P = 0.005), and anisometropia (OR = 1.452, 95% CI: 1.202–1.760, P < 0.001) were risk factors for subnormal stereopsis.
Conclusion
Ocular factors, including higher IAD, worse acuity, greater astigmatism, and greater anisometropia, were identified as risk factors for subnormal stereoacuity, highlighting the importance and urgency of early screening for stereoacuity and ocular risk factors in children aged 3–7 years in Guangxi.
Reconfigurable 3D stacked oxide semiconductor devices for hybrid in-memory computing
Authors: Gong Xiao , Sun Chen , Liu Jialong , Zhang Dong , Xu Haiwen , Kong Qiwen , Liu Gan , Jiao Leming , Wang Xiaolin , Feng Yang , Chen Yue , Shao Rui , Zhang Jishen , Li Xueqing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Fluorite-structure ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) are among the most promising candidates for in-memory computing (IMC) owing to the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible process, high scalability with decent remanent polarization, and ultra-fast response. However, for on-chip training, a major obstacle in implementing FeFETs is the limited endurance. Here, we demonstrate a run-time reconfigurable (RTR) device that enables mode switching between an unlimited-endurance dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) mode for on-chip training and a non-volatile FeFET mode for inference. Even more excitingly, the RTR device features a monolithically 3D stacked two-transistor structure, utilizing an oxide-semiconductor channel and Zr-doped HfO2 (HZO) ferroelectric with back-end-of-line and CMOS compatibilities. In addition to DRAM and FeFET modes, logic mode is also realized in the RTR device. Furthermore, a hybrid IMC system using RTR devices is proposed, achieving a high image classification accuracy of 91.6% with long-term retention and without endurance loss during 8-bit quantization training. Our work of 3D stacked multiple functional devices can be a game changer that unlocks new possibilities in device architecture for future data-intensive computing.
The Role of GenAI in EFL: Impact on Learning Motivation and Outcome
Authors: WANG TAO , Xue Bowen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of GenAI (generative artificial intelligence) in EFL. Specifically, this paper focuses on its impact on learning motivation and outcome. With a total of five hundred and sixty-six students in four Chinese university, the questionnaire was shown to be reliable and valid. Research has revealed that GenAI has a strong effect on EFL learning motivation and outcomes in China; that GenAI plays an important role in learners’ personalized learning, learning interest and motivation through timely feedback and strong interactivity; and GenAI can enhance learner’s English listening and speaking skills, academic writing skills, vocabulary expansion and understanding of English-speaking countries' culture. The paper also revealed that personal factors such as grade, English proficiency and language environment in which students grew up have a strong effect on English learning outcomes. The research findings widens our understanding of Chinese student’s use of artificial intelligence in second language acquisition, and also reflect Chinese student’s AI anxiety in the era of information technology.
Effects of active and passive modified atmosphere packaging on extending the postharvest life of Gypsophila paniculata l. ‘Bristol Fairy’ flowers
Authors: Mohamad Asrar , Eissa Taghreed , Khella Evon , Barsoom Magdy , Ahmed Mohamed , Yang Chunmei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Gypsophila flowers hold significant economic value in the floriculture sector, used in cut flowers, decorations, and potted plants. Their lifespan is crucial for assessing quality, market value, and customer satisfaction. In the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, this study was conducted in the Laboratory of Postharvest and Handling of Manufacturing Engineering and Food Packaging Res. Dept., Food Technology, Res. Inst., ARC at Giza and Post-Harvest Lab. of Ornamental Plants and Landscape Gardening Research Dept., Hort. Res. Inst.; Giza, Egypt to investigate the impacts of active and passive modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on several aspects of postharvest quality such as longevity, water loss, and water uptake on the quality characteristics of cut Gypsophila paniculata L. ‘Bristol Fairy’ flowers during storage. The following compositions of gases were examined: passive-MAP (78.97 N2, 0.03 CO2, and 21% O2), MAP1 (90 N2, 5 CO2, and 5% O2), MAP2 (85 N2, 10 CO2, and 5% O2), MAP3 (80 N2, 15 CO2, and 5% O2) and control (Unpacked cut flowers). The findings demonstrated that MAP2 and polyethylene bags significantly enhanced water absorption, fresh weight, carbohydrates production, and appearance quality. The average storage life of gypsophila flowers under passive MAP was 19.07 days, with the longest being 29.42 days with MAP2 and polyethylene bags.
How Ions and Pressure Affect Water Structure and Dynamics?
Authors: Zhou Yongquan , Jing Zhuanfang , Yamaguchi Toshio , Hattori Takanori , Tamatsukuri Hiromu , MATSUURA Masato 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

High-pressure aqueous saline solutions are pivotal in earth science, planetary modeling, and environmental science. Despite extensive research on the solution structure, the structure modification for solvent water induced by pressure and salt effects still need to be debated. In the present work, we adoped neutron scattering (NS), quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS), and molecular dynamics simulations (MD) to elucidate the changes in atomic-level structure and diffusion of water by applying pressure to 0.7 GPa and dissolving alkali metal ions. The peak shape and coordination numbers of the Ow⸱⸱⸱Ow (oxygen atoms of water molecules) pair distribution functions, spatial density distribution of water molecules, and the angle distribution of water oxygen atoms (∠Ow⸱⸱⸱Ow⸱⸱⸱Ow) show that applying pressure causes a weakening of the tetrahedral hydrogen-bonded structure of solvent water due to the collapse of the second coordination shell and the increase in the number of interstitial water molecules. However, the ion effect blocks a part of the hydrogen-bonded network of water. Therefore, the modification of tetrahedral network by applying pressure and dissolving ions originates from different physical mechanisms. The water dynamics shows that the soft hydrated K+, Rb+, and Cs+ at ambient conditions behave as a hard hydrated ion under gigapascal pressure. The present work is crucial for understanding geological processes in the Earth’s upper mantle and the salty ice formation in planetary science at the molecular level.
Lower extremity lymphedema in patients with gynecologic cancer: Validation of the Gynecologic Cancer Lymphedema Questionnaire (GCLQ) in German language and investigation of lymphedema real-world treatment
Authors: Meyer Henrike , Hinz Andreas , Weisgerber Christiane , Pilny Adrian , Dornhöfer Nadja , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Aktas Bahriye , Wolf Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The Gynecologic Cancer Lymphedema Questionnaire (GCLQ) is an established patient- reported outcome measure for lower extremity lymphedema (LEL) in gynecologic oncology. We aimed to validate the GCLQ in German language (GCLQ-GER) for lymphedema detection in German- speaking patients and also investigated real-world patterns of lymphedema treatment.
Methods: The GCLQ was translated from English into German in accordance with the standards of a professional translation process. Subsequently, the questionnaire was administered in a prospective observational study including 102 patients who had undergone lymph node dissection (LND) within gynecologic cancer surgery. Various test quality criteria were calculated for the GCLQ-GER. As gold standard of testing methods, patients were clinically evaluated for LEL, and limb volume measurements were taken. Further data for lymphedema treatment were collected in patients with lymphedema diagnosis.
Results: Patients with LEL had increased GCLQ-GER total scores (mean 7.27) compared to patients without LEL (mean 1.81), p<0.001. High diagnostic accuracy was indicated by the large area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.874 (95% CI: 0.802- 0.946). Based on sensitivity and specificity values ≥79.0%, the GCLQ total score ≥4 was determined as the optimal cut- off value to identify LEL. Excellent internal consistency was demonstrated by Cronbach's alpha of 0.876. The clinical examination revealed a LEL prevalence of 48.0% (n=49), and 85.7% (n=42) of these patients received treatment.
Conclusion: The GCLQ-GER is a valid and feasible patient-reported outcome measure for lymphedema detection in German-speaking gynecologic cancer survivors. Its clinical introduction could improve secondary prevention of lymphedema and real-world treatment.
Employing RSM and ANN for Modeling Avicennia Marina Leaves in Dye Contaminant Removal
Authors: Namdeti Rakesh , Rao Gaddala Babu , Qahoor Noor Mohammed Said , Al-Kathiri Doaa Salim Musallam Samhan , Amri Lakhayar Amer Al , Qatan Muayad Abdullah Ahmed , Joaquin Arlene Abuda 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In addressing the imperative need to treat toxic dyes in industrial effluent to prevent harm to human health and aquatic life, this study investigates the potential of Avicennia marina leaves as a biosorbent for removing methylene blue from synthetic solutions. Employing a central composite design, the study explores the influence of temperature, pH, sorbent dosage, and initial methylene blue concentration on the dye removal process. The optimal conditions identified include a temperature of 44.3°C, pH of 7.1, sorbent dose of 0.3 g, and an initial methylene blue concentration of 48.4 mg/L, resulting in an impressive 84.26% dye removal. The experimental biosorption percentage under these conditions is found to be 76.93%. The developed artificial neural network (ANN) model successfully predicts outcomes closely aligned with experimental results, showcasing the efficacy of Avicennia marina leaves as a promising biosorbent and the utility of ANN modeling for system optimization and prediction.
GPR75 knockdown alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction via AMPK in diabetic retinal ganglion cells
Authors: Liu Mengren , Cheng Xue , Liu Wenqiang , Yu HongDan , Yu Shengxue , Wang Yali , Chen Xinyuan , Miao Quanling , Yuan Yirong , Dai Wei , Hu Jiawei , Zhang Na , Sui Jiaheng , Liu Xuezheng , Zuo Zhongfu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) injury, the early pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75), an orphan receptor, is a novel regulator of metabolic diseases. However, the role and mechanisms of GPR75 underlying diabetic RGCs mitochondrial dysfunction has not been reported.
Methods
High glucose (HG)-treated RGCs and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced C57BL/6 diabetic mice were used in the present study. GPR75-knockdown adeno-associated virus (AAV), GPR75-overexpression (OE) plasmid, and AMPK-activator AICAR were utilized to investigate the role of GPR75 in DR. Retinal thickness and cell number were assessed with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and ATP production in the retina and RGCs were assessed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Mito-Tracker Red staining, dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, and ATP assay kits. We also assess the expression of GPR75, AMPK, p-AMPK, pyroptosis (NLRP3, Cleaved-Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, GSDMD, N-GSDMD), apoptosis (Cleaved-Caspase-3, Cytochrome C, Bax, Bcl-2) and mitochondrial homeostasis (OPA1, NDUFS3, DRP1). The interaction between GPR75 and AMPK was detected through co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) and double immunofluorescence staining.
Results
Compared with control retina and RGCs, diabetic retina and HG-treated RGCs exhibited increased GPR75 expression and AMPK dephosphorylation accompanied by pyroptosis, apoptosis, and a decrease in retinal thickness and RGCs number. Moreover, we observed increased DRP1 expression, decreased expression of OPA1 and NDUFS3, reduced ATP production, abnormal mitochondrial morphology and quantity, and increased ROS accumulation in diabetic retina and HG-treated RGCs, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. What’s more, GPR75-knockdown reversed these phenomena. Mechanistically, the upregulation of GPR75 inhibits AMPK, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction with increased ROS accumulation, ultimately resulting in RGCs pyroptosis and apoptosis. Additionally, double immunofluorescence demonstrated the presence of both GPR75 and AMPK located in RGCs, and CO-IP revealed an interaction between GPR75 and AMPK in RGCs. Notably, AICAR counteracted the effects of GPR75-OE on pyroptosis, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in RGCs.
Conclusions
GPR75 induces mitochondrial dysfunction by interacting with AMPK and inhibiting its phosphorylation, which contribute to RGCs pyroptosis and apoptosis in DR. These findings suggest that GPR75 can serve as a therapeutic target in DR treatment.
Autonomous UAV Inspection of Insulators Based on Improved Yolov7-Tiny
Authors: Huang Lingqin , Zhang Haoyu , Huo Chao , Gu Xiaogang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

To address the issues of low detection accuracy, poor real-time performance and high model complexity of the existing insulator defect detection model, an improved insulator defect detection model based on YOLOv7-tiny is proposed. At the same time, based on Dronekit UAV development library, PyQT5 interface development library, F450 UAV, wireless mapping module and other hardware and software, a set of autonomous inspection system for insulator defect detection is developed. Firstly, a new network with a multiple detection head is developed to extract features at different scales. In addition, a novel model combined with dilated convolutions and Swin Transformer was designed and incorporated into the enhanced feature extraction network to improve the model’s receptive field. Moreover, based on the squeeze and excitation attention mechanism, improvements were made to the efficient layer aggregation network modules of both backbone and enhanced feature extraction networks. The ablation and comparison experiments were conducted on our constructed dataset based on the public Chinese Power Line Insulator Dataset (CPLID). The experimental results show that the mean average precision of the improved YOLOv7-tiny model reaches 89.6%, which is about 8% higher than that of the original YOLOv7-tiny model. In addition, our improved YOLOv7-tiny model has higher accuracy and lower parameter scale in detecting insulator-defects and partially-occluded insulators in complex backgrounds compared with other traditional models.