bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Reforms Looked Really Good on Paper”: Rural Food Service Responses to the Healthy, Hunger‐Free Kids Act of 2010
Authors: Cornish Disa , Askelson Natoshia , Golembiewski Elizabeth 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Healthy, Hunger‐Free Kids Act of 2010 (HHKA) required schools to make changes to meals provided to children. Rural school districts have limited resources, with increased obesity rates and local food insecurity. In this study we sought to understand the perceptions of rural food service directors and the barriers to implementing the changes.METHODSFood service directors from rural school districts were invited to complete a semistructured telephone interview and online survey. A total of 51 respondents completed both, 6 completed only the online survey, and 16 completed only the telephone interview. Qualitative interview data were analyzed through open thematic coding; descriptive statistics were calculated for the quantitative data.RESULTSFood service directors mostly perceived the changes as negative, challenging, and burdensome. They believed that the changes resulted from concern about childhood obesity, which they did not view as a problem for their students. Diverse challenges were reported related to cost, preparation, and student preference.CONCLUSIONSFood service directors in isolated, rural areas need support to enhance understanding of HHKA requirements, build professional networks to learn from one another, and communicate with students, families, and other stakeholders. Future efforts should focus on changing perceptions and supporting directors in order to make implementation a success.
Suppression of bacterial infection in rice by treatment with a sulfated peptide
Authors: Wei Tong , Chern Mawsheng , Liu Furong , Ronald Pamela C. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe rice XA21 receptor kinase confers robust resistance to bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). A tyrosine‐sulfated peptide from Xoo, called RaxX, triggers XA21‐mediated immune responses, including the production of ethylene and reactive oxygen species and the induction of defence gene expression. It has not been tested previously whether these responses confer effective resistance to Xoo. Here, we describe a newly established post‐inoculation treatment assay that facilitates investigations into the effect of the sulfated RaxX peptide in planta. In this assay, rice plants were inoculated with a virulent strain of Xoo and then treated with the RaxX peptide 2 days after inoculation. We found that post‐inoculation treatment of XA21 plants with the sulfated RaxX peptide suppresses the development of Xoo infection in XA21 rice plants. The treated plants display restricted lesion development and reduced bacterial growth. Our findings demonstrate that exogenous application of sulfated RaxX activates XA21‐mediated immunity in planta, and provides a potential strategy for the control of bacterial disease in the field.
High frequency of Candida fabianii among clinical isolates biochemically identified as Candida pelliculosa and Candida utilis
Authors: Svobodova L. , Bednarova D. , Ruzicka F. , Chrenkova V. , Dobias R. , Mallatova N. , Buchta V. , Kocmanova I. , Olisarova P. , Stromerova N. , Thongsri Y. , Hamal P. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryClinical yeast isolates belonging to Candida pelliculosa, Candida utilis and Candida fabianii are difficult to distinguish in a routine mycology laboratory using common biochemical tests. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of C. pelliculosa, C. utilis and C. fabianii in clinical samples and to compare their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to systemic antifungals. Two hundred and forty‐eight clinical yeast isolates obtained from eight large hospitals in the Czech Republic were included in this study. Identification was performed biochemically using ID 32C kit and by MALDI‐TOF MS. MICs were determined using colorimetric broth dilution Sensititre YeastOne panels. From a total number of 248 isolates, 175 were identified as C. pelliculosa and 73 as C. utilis using the biochemical kit. In contrast, MALDI‐TOF MS identified 222 isolates as C. fabianii, 20 as C. pelliculosa and 6 as C. utilis. The highest mean MICs were found in C. fabianii and, regardless of the studied species, in isolates from blood cultures and central venous catheters. MALDI‐TOF MS revealed C. fabianii to be most prevalent in clinical samples as compared with the other studied species. Higher MIC values in C. fabianii support the importance of correct identification of this species.
Preservational bias controls the fossil record of pterosaurs
Authors: Dean Christopher D. , Mannion Philip D. , Butler Richard J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPterosaurs, a Mesozoic group of flying archosaurs, have become a focal point for debates pertaining to the impact of sampling biases on our reading of the fossil record, as well as the utility of sampling proxies in palaeo‐diversity reconstructions. The completeness of the pterosaur fossil specimens themselves potentially provides additional information that is not captured in existing sampling proxies, and might shed new light on the group's evolutionary history. Here we assess the quality of the pterosaur fossil record via a character completeness metric based on the number of phylogenetic characters that can be scored for all known skeletons of 172 valid species, with averaged completeness values calculated for each geological stage. The fossil record of pterosaurs is observed to be strongly influenced by the occurrence and distribution of Lagerstätten. Peaks in completeness correlate with Lagerstätten deposits, and a recovered correlation between completeness and observed diversity is rendered non‐significant when Lagerstätten species are excluded. Intervals previously regarded as potential extinction events are shown to lack Lagerstätten and exhibit low completeness values: as such, the apparent low diversity in these intervals might be at least partly the result of poor fossil record quality. A positive correlation between temporal patterns in completeness of Cretaceous pterosaurs and birds further demonstrates the prominent role that Lagerstätten deposits have on the preservation of smaller bodied organisms, contrasting with a lack of correlation with the completeness of large‐bodied sauropodomorphs. However, we unexpectedly find a strong correlation between sauropodomorph and pterosaur completeness within the Triassic–Jurassic, but not the Cretaceous, potentially relating to a shared shift in environmental preference and thus preservation style through time. This study highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between various taphonomic controls when correcting for sampling bias, and provides additional evidence for the prominent role of sampling on observed patterns in pterosaur macroevolution.
Comparable disparity in the appendicular skeleton across the fish–tetrapod transition, and the morphological gap between fish and tetrapod postcrania
Authors: Ruta Marcello , Wills Matthew A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAppendicular skeletal traits are used to quantify changes in morphological disparity and morphospace occupation across the fish–tetrapod transition and to explore the informativeness of different data partitions in phylogeny reconstruction. Anterior appendicular data yield trees that differ little from those built from the full character set, whilst posterior appendicular data result in considerable loss of phylogenetic resolution and tree branch rearrangements. Overall, there is a significant incongruence in the signals associated with pectoral and pelvic data. The appendicular skeletons of fish and tetrapods attain similar levels of morphological disparity (at least when data are rarefied at the maximum sample size for fish in our study) and occupy similarly sized regions of morphospace. However, fish appear more dispersed in morphospace than tetrapods do. All taxa show a heterogeneous distribution in morphospace, and there is a clear separation between fish and tetrapods despite the presence of several evolutionarily intermediate taxa.
Early diagnosis of asymptomatic neurocutaneous melanosis (60 month follow‐up)
Authors: Markovic Ivana , Milenkovic Zoran , Jovanović Marina , Jakubi Bosanka Jocić , Sekulovic‐Stefanovic Ljiljana 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNeurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare, sporadic, congenital neuroectodermal dysplasia. Large congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) can evolve in a certain percentage of patients to NCM. Meningeal deposits are benign, but can be prone to malignant transformation in some cases. We describe the case of an infant with asymptomatic NCM, and typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. The diagnosis was established shortly after delivery, and the patient was followed for 60 months. At that time, the girl did not have any neurologic symptoms; she reached normal developmental milestones and did not show mental retardation and did not develop malignant melanoma; further follow‐up will be needed, although there are no reliable guidelines as to the time range of follow up of asymptomatic NCM in the literature. We report the typical MRI signal abnormalities of the brain, and present a review of the literature regarding this rare and mysterious congenital disorder.
Survival ofPhoma koolunga, a causal agent of ascochyta blight, on field pea stubble or as pseudosclerotia in soil
Authors: Khani M. , Davidson J. A. , Sosnowski M. R. , Scott E. S. 
Published: January 2016

Phoma koolungais a recently recognized pathogen in the ascochyta blight complex of field pea (Pisum sativum). Unlike the other three ascochyta blight pathogens, survival ofP. koolungais poorly understood. Survival of this fungus was examined on field pea stubble and as pseudosclerotia on the surface of, and buried in, field soil. Pseudosclerotia were formed in plates containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) mixed with sand or amended with fluorocytocin. After 1 month,P. koolungawas recovered on amendedPDAfrom 93% of stubble sections retrieved from the soil surface, 36% of buried stubble sections and 100% of pseudosclerotia buried in field soil, pasteurized or not. The frequency of recovery ofP. koolungadecreased over time and the fungus was not recovered from stubble on the soil surface at 15 months, nor was it recovered from stubble buried in soil at 11 months or later, or from pseudosclerotia buried for 18 months. In a pot bioassay, most ascochyta blight lesions developed on plants inoculated with stubble retrieved from the soil surface after 1 month. Infectivity of the inoculum decreased over time. Disease on plants inoculated with stubble that had been buried or left on the soil surface for up to 6 and 5 months, respectively, and pseudosclerotia retrieved at 14 months and later from field soil did not differ from the non‐inoculated control. These results suggest that field pea stubble may play a role in survival ofP. koolunga, especially if it remains on the soil surface. In addition, pseudosclerotia were able to persist in soil and infect field pea plants into the next season.
Interim prosthesis preventing tongue protrusion following mandibular alveolar ridge and lower lip resection in a surgically compromised patient
Authors: Aggarwal Himanshi , Kumar Pradeep , Ranabhatt Rani , Singh Saumyendra V. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTCarcinomas of the mandibular buccogingival region being aggressive rapidly destroy the supporting bone and adjacent soft tissues, making it mandatory for the oncosurgeon to resect substantial amounts of involved hard and soft tissues. Segmental mandibulectomy ­followed by immediate bony and soft tissue reconstruction is the most acceptable approach. However, immediate reconstruction may not always be feasible or possible due to high recurrences potential of lesion, inaccessible residual pathology, or systemic ­conditions that pose a risk for graft inosculation. In certain cases, where large portion of lower lip also needs to be sacrificed with alveolar resection, protrusion of tongue through the defect beyond the lip confines leads to drooling of saliva, difficulty in speech and worsening of esthetic appearance, social isolation, and compromised quality of life. So, pending reconstruction and definitive rehabilitation, patients would require provisional treatment to control some of the ill effects. This article presents a simple technique for fabrication of a provisional prosthesis for preventing tongue protrusion, salivary drooling following mandibular alveolar ridge and lip resection.
Patient engagement in clinical communication: an exploratory study
Authors: Chaboyer Wendy , McMurray Anne , Marshall Andrea , Gillespie Brigid , Roberts Shelley , Hutchinson Alison M. , Botti Mari , McTier Lauren , Rawson Helen , Bucknall Tracey 
Published: January 2016

AimExisting practice strategies for actively involving patients in care during hospitalisation are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore how healthcare professionals engaged patients in communication associated with care transitions.MethodAn instrumental, collective case study approach was used to generate empirical data about patient transitions in care. A purposive sample of key stakeholders representing (i) patients and their families; (ii) hospital discharge planning team members; and (iii) healthcare professionals was recruited in five Australian health services. Individual and group semi‐structured interviews were conducted to elicit detailed explanations of patient engagement in transition planning. Interviews lasted between 30 and 60 minutes and were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data collection and analysis were conducted simultaneously and continued until saturation was achieved. Thematic analysis was undertaken.ResultsFive themes emerged as follows: (i) organisational commitment to patient engagement; (ii) the influence of hierarchical culture and professional norms on patient engagement; (iii) condoning individual healthcare professionals' orientations and actions; (iv) understanding and negotiating patient preferences; and (v) enacting information sharing and communication strategies. Most themes illustrated how patient engagement was enabled; however, barriers also existed.ConclusionOur findings show that strong organisational and professional commitment to patient‐centred care throughout the organisation was a consistent feature of health services that actively engaged patients in clinical communication. Understanding patients' needs and preferences and having both formal and informal strategies to engage patients in clinical communication were important in how this involvement occurred.
Using mental models to understand soil management
Authors: Prager K. , Curfs M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSoil degradation continues to be a serious issue. This is partially due to the specific characteristics of soil and degradation, many of which are linked to how humans perceive their environment. How a person perceives soil degradation will influence how they interpret this phenomenon, what attitude they adopt towards it, and how they will ultimately decide to act. Mental models are understood as constructed by the human mind as a result of perception, experience, attitudes and knowledge, and the comprehension of discourse. Applying the concept of mental models allows an understanding of land manager decision‐making with regard to soil management, linking perceptions, attitudes and beliefs with behaviour. We show how mental models can help identify consistencies and differences of perceptions of different soil‐related stakeholders, such as farmers, scientists, administrators, advisors and policy makers. In a practical test of the concept, a diagram‐based representation of mental models was applied in south‐western Spain. We found that the occurrences of overlap in the mental model of soil‐related stakeholders are the areas where communication should focus. It is in these areas where strategies to address the problem of soil degradation can be developed.
Redefining the structural motifs that determine RNA binding and RNA editing by pentatricopeptide repeat proteins in land plants
Authors: Cheng Shifeng , Gutmann Bernard , Zhong Xiao , Ye Yongtao , Fisher Mark F. , Bai Fengqi , Castleden Ian , Song Yue , Song Bo , Huang Jiaying , Liu Xin , Xu Xun , Lim Boon L. , Bond Charles S. , Yiu Siu‐Ming , Small Ian 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins form one of the largest protein families in land plants. They are characterised by tandem 30–40 amino acid motifs that form an extended binding surface capable of sequence‐specific recognition of RNA strands. Almost all of them are post‐translationally targeted to plastids and mitochondria, where they play important roles in post‐transcriptional processes including splicing, RNA editing and the initiation of translation. A code describing how PPR proteins recognise their RNA targets promises to accelerate research on these proteins, but making use of this code requires accurate definition and annotation of all of the various nucleotide‐binding motifs in each protein. We have used a structural modelling approach to define 10 different variants of the PPR motif found in plant proteins, in addition to the putative deaminase motif that is found at the C‐terminus of many RNA‐editing factors. We show that the super‐helical RNA‐binding surface of RNA‐editing factors is potentially longer than previously recognised. We used the redefined motifs to develop accurate and consistent annotations of PPR sequences from 109 genomes. We report a high error rate in PPR gene models in many public plant proteomes, due to gene fusions and insertions of spurious introns. These consistently annotated datasets across a wide range of species are valuable resources for future comparative genomics studies, and an essential pre‐requisite for accurate large‐scale computational predictions of PPR targets. We have created a web portal (http://www.plantppr.com) that provides open access to these resources for the community.
OUTCOME OF DOGS WITH INTRANASAL LYMPHOMA TREATED WITH VARIOUS RADIATION AND CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS: 24 CASES
Authors: George Rebecca , Smith Annette , Schleis Stephanie , Brawner William , Almond Gregory , Kent Michael , Wypij Jackie , Borrego Juan , Moore Antony , Keyerleber Michele , Kraiza Sarah 
Published: January 2016

Tumors of the nasal cavity comprise approximately 1% of all neoplasms in dogs. Canine intranasal lymphoma is rare and reports evaluating the outcome of treatment are lacking. The goal of this observational, descriptive, multi‐institutional study was to evaluate the overall median survival times (MSTs) in a group of dogs with intranasal lymphoma that were treated with irradiation and/or chemotherapy. Dogs meeting these inclusion criteria were retrospectively recruited from medical archives at multiple institutions. Eighteen cases of intermediate to high grade intranasal lymphoma and six cases of low‐grade intranasal lymphoma were identified. The date of diagnosis, method of diagnosis, treatment received (radiation and/or chemotherapy protocols), and date of death were recorded. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed on the intermediate to high grade group to calculate overall MST. Log‐rank tests were performed to compare effects of treatment with radiation therapy ± chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed separately on the low‐grade group. The overall MST was 375 days for the intermediate to high grade group. Cases treated with radiation ± chemotherapy had an MST of 455 days (n= 12) and those treated with chemotherapy alone (n= 6) had an MST of 157 days in the intermediate to high grade group. The MST was 823 days for the low‐grade group. Results support the use of radiation therapy for treatment of canine intranasal lymphoma, however a randomized, controlled, clinical trial would be needed for more definitive recommendations. The role of adjunctive chemotherapy also may require further investigation.
Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by the Bruker Biotyper Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry System Is Improved by a Database Extension
Authors: Schweitzer Valentijn A. , van Dam Alje P. , Hananta I Putu Yuda , Schuurman Rob , Kusters Johannes G. , Rentenaar Rob J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Identification of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
by the Bruker matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization−time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) system may be affected by “B consistency categorization.” A supplementary database of 17
N. gonorrhoeae
main spectra was constructed. Twelve of 64
N. gonorrhoeae
identifications were categorized with B consistency, which disappeared using the supplementary database. Database extension did not result in misidentification of
Neisseria meningitidis
.
Field Evaluation of Four Rapid Tests for Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Panama
Authors: Juarez Sandra I. , Nuñez Aurelio E. , Aranda Margginna M. , Mojica Dalis , Kim Andrea A. , Parekh Bharat 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Four HIV rapid tests were subjected to field validation in Panama and compared to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/Multispot-based testing algorithm. The sensitivities of Determine, Uni-Gold, SD Bioline, and INSTI were 99.8%. The specificities of Determine, SD-Bioline, and Uni-Gold were 100%, and the specificity of INSTI was 99.8%. On the basis of these data, we determined that these rapid tests can be used in an appropriate algorithm to diagnose HIV infection and are suitable for use in testing and counseling settings in Panama.