bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical screening, safety evaluation, anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies of the leaf extracts of Sterculia tragacantha
Authors: Mogbojuri Olufunke M. , Adedapo Adeolu A. , Abatan Matthew O. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background: Sterculia tragacantha (Sterculiaceae) is used in the treatment of boils, diarrhea, dyspepsia, fever, gonorrhea, snake bite, syphilis, and tapeworm in some West African nations. This study is to investigate its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities since the plant is being used to treat fever.

Methods: Fresh leaves of the plant were collected and dried at room temperature and pulverized into powder form and 200 g of this powder was dissolved first in hexane for 72 h and the extract was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated while the substrate was further dissolved in chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol at different times and similar procedure adopted as for the hexane. The organic solvents were used based on order of increasing polarity. Graded concentrations of the solvent extracts were prepared and used for the study. Pilot toxicity test was carried out to determine safety dose using hematology and serum chemistry as indices of toxicity. Thereafter anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies were conducted using standard tests such as carrageenan, histamine-induced-edema, tail flick test and acetic writhing test. Phytochemical screening of the plant was also conducted.

Results: Phytochemical screening of the powdered material showed that alkaloid, flavonoid and reducing sugar were present while tannin, cardiac glycosides, saponins and anthraquinones were absent. Pilot toxicity test using aqueous extract at 100 mg/mL concentration showed that no mortality was recorded although the animals that received 3,000 mg/kg dose exhibited slight dullness after 48 h. No significant changes were also observed for the packed cell volume, hemoglobin, white blood cell counts, platelet counts, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, globulin except for the 200 and 3,000 mg/kg doses that caused significant increase in the level of total protein. The n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of S. tragacantha and indomethacin produced significant (p<0.05) inhibition of paw edema compared with the control using histamine and carrageenan methods of paw edema induction. There was significant (p<0.05) reduction in writhing movements at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of S. tragacantha and indomethacin (10 mg/kg) when compared to the control. This effect using tail flick test was not as effective when compared to the writhing test.

Conclusions: The different leaf extracts of S. tragacantha exhibited anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and they are also safe for medicinal use.
Investigating the Structure of Religious Concepts
Authors: Ciołkosz Matylda 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to discuss the possible application of the theory of embodied cognition and the
category of image schemata to the study of religious concepts within the Cognitive Science of Religion. Departing
from the notion of counterintuitiveness and Boyer’s description of religious representations as minimally
counterintuitive, the author briefly discusses the critique of this approach. Subsequently, different models of
mind and cognition within the Cognitive Science are summarised, with special attention given to the enactive
approach, as proposed by Varela, Thompson and Rosch. The notion of embodied meaning, situated within
enactivism, is then discussed, together with Johnson’s concept of image schemata as basic semantic units. To
discuss the applicability of image schemata in the study of religious concepts, the author summarises a case
study, related to the interpretation of the categories of sāṃkhya-yoga darśana in Iyengar Yoga.
Myself, Only Moreso
Authors: Hustwit J. R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Transreligious theologians are posed with a number of difficult questions. First, how can I
understand the beliefs and practices of a worldview I do not share? Then, once I begin to construct and
synthesize truth claims, how normative are the source traditions? Finally, how do we transreligious
theologians judge truth claims as better and worse? By offering answers to these questions using a model
of critical interreligious appropriation, we may find a basis for a critical transreligious theology that avoids
naïve syncretisms and pernicious incommensurability.
Spillovers in Attribute Advertising
Authors: Schmeiser Steven 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWhen firms advertise a vertically differentiated product attribute, they increase the weight consumers put on that attribute. This creates a spillover effect as one firm’s advertising can increase demand for other firms that also have the attribute. I develop a market share attraction model and find that as spillover increases, firms advertise less. Profit can be increasing or decreasing in spillover depending on the particular industry environment. Spillover lends a “public good” quality to advertising and firms free-ride in equilibrium. An advertising ban has an ambiguous effect on the profits of firms with the attribute, but always increases profits of firms without the attribute.
Ab-Initio Study of Physisorption of Hydrogen Cyanide on 2PANI: a Model for Polyaniline Gas Sensor
Authors: Shokuhi Rad Ali , Esfahanian Mehri , Ganjian Etesam , Tayebi Habib-allah 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We investigated the adsorption properties of HCN on dianiline (as a model for polyaniline, denoted here as 2PANI) using
density functional theory (DFT) by considering the geometry as well as the electronic property. Contact information of
2PANI with HCN at different configurations was studied and the adsorption energy was calculated in each case. UV-vis
analysis, density of states (DOS) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis were used to study the interaction of HCN with
2PANI at different configurations. Our calculations showed that HCN could be adsorbed on 2PANI with adsorption energy of
∼ −4.3 kcal mol
–1 (based on counterpoise corrected energy). Based on our results we suggest
polyaniline as a potential polymeric sensor for HCN detection.
Are Two Better Than One? A New Approach for Multidentate Grafting of Peptides to a Gold Substrate
Authors: Caruso Mario , Gatto Emanuela , Palleschi Antonio , Scarselli Manuela , De Crescenzi Maurizio , Formaggio Fernando , Longo Edoardo , Toniolo Claudio , Wright Karen , Venanzi Mariano 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Multidentate binding of two helical hexapeptides to a gold surface was obtained by introducing in the peptide chain a non
ribosomial amino acid, i.e. the 4-amino-1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxylic acid (Adt) residue,
a C
α
-tetrasubstituted α-amino acid bearing a heterocyclic side chain characterized by a disulfide
group. The two peptides, mainly formed by strongly helicogenic C
α
-tetrasubstituted α-amino acids, were
both functionalized at the N-terminus by a ferrocenoyl (Fc) group, but differ in the number of Adt residues included in
the peptide chain: the former (Fc6Adt2) contains two Adt residues at positions 1 and 4, while its analog (Fc6Adt1)
contains a single Adt at position 4, since the Adt at position 1 is substituted by an α-amino isobutyric acid
(Aib) residue. This peptide design allowed us to explore the different electrochemical properties and morphologies shown
by the two peptide layers immobilized on a gold surface by two (Fc6Adt2) or a single (Fc6Adt1) bidentate linker,
respectively. The electrochemical activity of the ferrocenoyl probe embedded in the peptide film was characterized by
cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and square wave voltammetry, while the binding and the morphology of the peptide
layers were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultra high vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy
(UHV-STM), respectively. Significant differences were observed in the electron transfer (ET) properties of the two
peptides investigated, which emerge from the diverging morphology achieved by the peptide layers on the gold surface. It
was found that while a standing-up configuration of the peptide layer, realized by a single bidentate linkage, maximizes
the ET efficiency, a lying down configuration (two Adt linkages) allows for precise positioning of Fc in the proximity of
a gold surface.
Excitation-Energy Transfer Paths from Tryptophans to Coordinated Copper Ions in Engineered Azurins: a Source of Observables for Monitoring Protein Structural Changes
Authors: Di Rocco Giulia , Bernini Fabrizio , Borsari Marco , Martinelli Ilaria , Bortolotti Carlo Augusto , Battistuzzi Gianantonio , Ranieri Antonio , Caselli Monica , Sola Marco , Ponterini Glauco 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The intrinsic fluorescence of recombinant proteins offers a powerful tool to detect and characterize structural changes
induced by chemical or biological stimuli. We show that metal-ion binding to a hexahistidine tail can significantly
broaden the range of such structurally sensitive fluorescence observables. Bipositive metal-ions as Cu2+,
Ni2+ and Zn2+ bind 6xHis-tag azurin and its 6xHis-tagged R129W and W48A-R129W mutants with good
efficiency and, thereby, quench their intrinsic fluorescence. Due to a much more favourable spectral overlap, the
6xHis-tag/Cu2+ complex(es) are the most efficient quenchers of both W48 and W129 emissions. Based on simple
Förster-type dependence of energy-transfer efficiency on donor/acceptor distance, we can trace several
excitation-energy transfer paths across the protein structure. Unexpected lifetime components in the azurin
6xHis-tag/Cu2+ complex emission decays reveal underneath complexity in the conformational landscape of these
systems. The new tryptophan emission quenching paths provide additional signals for detecting and identifying protein
structural changes.
The paracaspase MALT1 mediates CARD14‐induced signaling in keratinocytes
Authors: Afonina Inna S , Van Nuffel Elien , Baudelet Griet , Driege Yasmine , Kreike Marja , Staal Jens , Beyaert Rudi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMutations in CARD14 have recently been linked to psoriasis susceptibility. CARD14 is an epidermal regulator of NF‐κB activation. However, the ability of CARD14 to activate other signaling pathways as well as the biochemical mechanisms that mediate and regulate its function remain to be determined. Here, we report that in addition to NF‐κB signaling, CARD14 activates p38 and JNK MAP kinase pathways, all of which are dependent on the paracaspase MALT1. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CARD14 physically interacts with paracaspase MALT1 and activates MALT1 proteolytic activity and inflammatory gene expression, which are enhanced by psoriasis‐associated CARD14 mutations. Moreover, we show that MALT1 deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of MALT1 catalytic activity inhibits pathogenic mutant CARD14‐induced cytokine and chemokine expression in human primary keratinocytes. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a novel role for MALT1 in CARD14‐induced signaling and indicate MALT1 as a valuable therapeutic target in psoriasis.
Estrategias de comercialización y marketing urbano: el producto Puerto Norte Rosario, Argentina
Authors: Barenboim Cintia , Tomino Gaspar 
Published: April 2016

El objetivo es identificar las estrategias de comunicación y publicidad con que se abordan los públicos específicos del gran proyecto urbano de Puerto Norte, antiguamente predios del ferrocarril y el puerto. Se analiza también la dinámica del mercado inmobiliario, entre los años 2005 y 2014. La metodología se centra principalmente en el análisis de contenido de documentos escritos y gráficos. Además, se recurre a la modalidad interpretativa para realizar entrevistas semiestructuradas a actores claves. Los principales resultados evidencian que la comercialización se presenta de forma variada, en la que la oferta es restringida por los medios de comunicación a valores y representaciones simbólicas, entendiendo los proyectos como bienes de consumo.
Living Together v. Living Well Together: A Normative Examination of the SAS Case
Authors: Beaman Lori G. 
Published: April 2016

The European Court of Human Rights decision in <em>SAS</em> from France illustrates how a policy and national mantra that ostensibly aims to enhance inclusiveness, ‘living together’, is legally deployed in a manner that may have the opposite effect. In essence, despite acknowledging the sincerity of SAS’s religious practice of wearing the niqab, and her agency in making the decision to do so, the Court focuses on radicalism and women’s oppression amongst Muslims. Taking the notion of living together as the beginning point, the paper explores the normative assumptions underlying this notion as illustrated in the judgment of the Court. An alternative approach, drawing on the work of Derrida for the notion of ‘living well together’ will be proposed and its implications for social inclusion explicated. The paper’s aim is to move beyond the specific example of <em>SAS</em> and France to argue that the <em>SAS</em> pattern of identifying particular values as ‘national values’, the deployment of those values through law, policy and public discourse, and their exclusionary effects is playing out in a number of Western democracies, including Canada, the country with which the author is most familiar. Because of this widespread dissemination of values and their framing as representative of who ‘we’ are, there is a pressing need to consider the potentially alienating effects of a specific manifestation of ‘living together’ and an alternative model of ‘living well together’.
MOEBIUS O LA ILUSIÓN DE UNA ESCUELA SECUNDARIA PARA TODOS
Authors: Cazas Fernando 
Published: April 2016

<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">El presente trabajo se propone analizar una experiencia realizada en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires relacionada con la puesta en práctica de nuevos formatos para la escuela secundaria. Las escuelas de reingreso (EdR), como se las denominó, ofrecen cambios en el formato tradicional de la escuela media argentina. En un primer momento del trabajo, se realizará una descripción del nuevo formato propuesto y de algunas de las cuestiones que dieron fundamento a este. En un segundo momento, se propone un análisis de esta decisión política de las autoridades educativas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, en clave socioeducativa. Para ello se consideran ciertas características del momento histórico y social en el que surge esta iniciativa, con especial atención en lo que respecta</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">a las demandas de acceso al nivel medio por parte de la población provenientes de los sectores populares. Asimismo se considera la reacción de los sectores más aventajados de la sociedad, ante estas políticas de masificación del nivel secundario.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">Por último, se propone un análisis de la escuela media actual en términos de la resultante de dos fuerzas divergentes: una democratizante y otra aristocratizante. </span></p>
Treatment of Different Oral Soft Tissue Lesions With Surgical Neodymium: Yttrium‐Aluminum‐Garnet Laser: Case Series
Authors: Gökmenoğlu Ceren , Sadık Elif , Yavuz Mustafa Cihan , Çanakçı Varol , Topaloğlu Merve , Kara Cankat 
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Oral soft tissue lesions cause discomfort and potentially serious clinical problems.Case Series: These case reports present different gingival and/or mucosal lesions (pyogenic granuloma, verruca vulgaris, giant cell granuloma, fibroma, etc.) and the surgical treatment of these lesions with a neodymium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (320‐μm optic fiber; 4 W; 100 mJ, 40 Hz; emission mode, pulsed, and contact mode). Patients were evaluated after laser surgery on degree of postoperative pain; discomfort; functional complications (eating and speech); and recurrence. Results indicated that patients had minimal postoperative pain, few functional complications, and low rates of pain. Laser surgery produced minimal bleeding, damage to the surrounding tissue, and post‐surgical edema.Conclusion: In these cases, the Nd:YAG laser provided a non‐bleeding environment at the surgical area with an acceptable operating time, quick postoperative hemostasis, good patient acceptance, low rates of pain, and no post‐treatment adverse events among patients with oral soft tissue lesions.
Tales from the Tundra: A Collection of Inuit Stories by I. Kaslik
Authors: Campbell Sandy 
Published: April 2016

Kaslik, Ibi. Tales from the Tundra: A Collection of Inuit Stories. Illus. Anthony Brennan. Iqaluit: Inhabit Media, 2010. Print. Inhabit Media is an Inuit-owned, independent publishing company that “aims to promote and preserve the stories, knowledge, and talent of northern Canada.” This collection of five traditional Inuit stories from different regions in Nunavut is one of their most recent offerings. Three of the stories tell of how specific animals came into being. One tells how the raven and loon came to look the way they do and the fifth, The Owl and the Siksik, is a typical story of outwitting the enemy. Anthony Brennan’s illustrations have a two-dimensional fantasy quality to them that is more reminiscent of cartoons or Japanese anime than of traditional Inuit art. Many of the creatures are outlined in black and then filled with solid colour. While the backgrounds are usually ice-blue, and there are pastel colours in the images, many of the main parts of the drawings are black, giving the book an overall ominous look. While these stories are described in the forward as “contemporary retellings”, Kaslik’s voice is similar to that of an elder telling stories and her style is traditional. The language is simple and direct, occasionally incorporating Inuit words. Animals are anthropomorphized. They do the same sorts of things that humans do and have human emotions and foibles. For example, in “The Raven and The Loon”, the two birds sew clothes for each other. When Raven thinks that Loon is sewing too slowly, she reacts impatiently: “Please, sew faster!” impatient Raven pleaded.” Kaslik also uses internal dialogue, another traditional technique, to allow the reader to listen to the characters reasoning out their actions. For example, “Siksiks often go in and out of their dens,” thought the owl, believing himself to be very clever. “Today I will find a siksik den and wait there until I see one.” There are few children’s books of Inuit mythology available, and fewer that have the authenticity of being published by an Inuit publishing house. Overall, this volume is a small, but welcome addition to the field, through which many children will be able to learn about the mythology of the Inuit. For public and school libraries everywhere. Highly recommended: 4 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Sandy Campbell Sandy is a Health Sciences Librarian at the University of Alberta, who has written hundreds of book reviews across many disciplines. Sandy thinks that sharing books with children is one of the greatest gifts anyone can give.
LABOUR AND THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: TOWARDS A RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LINKAGE DISCOURSE
Authors: ARNOLD LUKE L 
Published: April 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>As the World Trade Organization approaches its ten-year anniversary, the long-discussed issue of linking the right to trade with the enforcement of cer- tain labour standards continues to persist. However, the discourse on the is- sue has hit a stalemate of late. In the hope of overcoming the stalemate and moving toward effective solutions on the issue, this paper explains and ex- amines four types of “conceptual differentiations” that currently underpin a significant portion of the labour linkage discourse. The “conceptual differ- entiations” examined are trade/non-trade; north/south; liberalisa- tion/protectionism; economic development/poverty; consumption/ production; universalist/relativist; WTO/ILO; and sanctions/welfare. A pol- icy proposal for further discussion on the issue is then presented, based on </span></p><p><span>a re-conceptualisation of the “conceptual differentiations” discussed</span><span>.] </span></p></div></div></div>
RETHINKING LOCKEAN COPYRIGHT AND FAIR USE
Authors: HOROWITZ STEVEN J 
Published: April 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>Two categories of criticism have recently been marshalled against Lockean copyright theory. Some argue that Locke’s property theory offers no justifi- cation for intellectual property rights at all, while others suggest that Lockean rights in intellectual property are too strong. This article responds to each of these criticisms by offering a new Lockean approach to copyright that balances property rights for producers and fair use rights for the public. The approach relies most strongly on Locke’s State of Nature/ Civil Society distinction and his dual concern for public and private rights.</span><span>] </span></p></div></div></div>
THE PROCUREMENT DECISION - "OPEN" OR "CLOSED" SOURCE SOFTWARE?
Authors: MICHLER CARLA 
Published: April 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>The merits of open source software, particularly in the context of Australian Government procurement, have been the subject of considerable debate in recent times. This paper provides an overview of the distinguishing features of open source software and considers the terms of the licence under which open source software is distributed. Consideration is also given to the merits of open source software through an examination of both the legal and tech- nical risks associated with the product. In concluding, it is determined that there is a positive argument for mandating open source software as a viable alternative to its closed source counterpart.</span><span>] </span></p></div></div></div>
CONTINUING OFFENCES
Authors: ROSS DAVID 
Published: April 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>A continuing offence is one which takes more than one act to prove the charge. Probably the best known is consorting but there are others. New legislation has introduced some serious continuing offences. Stalking and maintaining a sexual relationship with a young person are two of them. Others are hybrids: those which can be proved by one act or many. The best examples are drug trafficking or supplying. I examine them all. They are exceptions to the basic legal principle of one criminal act for each charge. I finish with a possible jury direction.</span><span>] </span></p></div></div></div>
CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENTS AND THE PROTECTION OF TRADE SECRETS: DOES IT HAVE TO BE ALL OR NOTHING?
Authors: KAPNOULLAS STEVE , CLARKE BRUCE 
Published: April 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>In </span><span>Maggbury v Hafele</span><span>, the High Court of Australia had to consider whether a perpetual restraint of trade clause in a confidentiality agree- ment was valid. The majority judgment, which refused to enforce the re- straint, has been subject to criticism that it potentially puts confidentiality agreements at risk and hinders innovation. In spite of the criticism the au- thors of this article argue that the High Court decision was correct and that </span><span>Maggbury </span><span>provides valuable lessons for those drafting confidentiality agreements and seeking to protect trade secrets.</span><span>] </span></p></div></div></div>