bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in the oxytocin receptor gene moderates the protective effects of a family‐based prevention program on telomere length
Authors: Smearman Erica L. , Yu Tianyi , Brody Gene H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionParent–child relationships with high conflict and low warmth and support are associated with later adverse behavioral and physiological child outcomes. These outcomes include shorter telomere lengths, the repetitive sequences at the ends of chromosomes that have been utilized as a biomarker for chronic stress. Our research group furthered this by exploring telomere length outcomes following a family‐based prevention program and identified reduced telomere shortening 5 years post intervention among those originally exposed to nonsupportive parenting and randomized to the intervention condition. However, not all individuals respond equally, and a growing literature suggests genetic sensitivity to one's environment, with variations in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) potentially influencing this sensitivity.MethodsWe utilized data from African American youths (mean age 17) randomized to intervention (n = 100) or control condition (n = 91) with baseline assessments of genetic status and nonsupportive parenting, and 5‐year follow‐up assessments of telomere length.ResultsWe found a significant three‐way interaction between nonsupportive parenting, intervention condition, and OXTR rs53576 genotype. OXTR GG individuals, who are suggested to be more sensitive to their social environment, exhibited significantly more variability, evidencing the shortest telomeres when exposed to nonsupportive parenting and randomized to the control condition, and similar telomere lengths to non at‐risk groups when randomized to the intervention. In contrast, those with the A allele showed no statistical difference in telomere lengths across parental and intervention conditions. Subsequent analyses suggest that these findings may be mediated through chronic anger, whereby GG individuals exposed to nonsupportive parenting and randomized to the control condition had a greater increase in chronic anger by study follow‐up, compared to those in the intervention, and this change associated with greater telomere shortening.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of individual differences and potential role of genetic status in moderating the relationship between environmental contexts and biological outcomes.
Expression of aurora kinase A correlates with the Wnt‐modulator RACGAP1 in gastric cancer
Authors: Bornschein Jan , Nielitz Jessica , Drozdov Ignat , Selgrad Michael , Wex Thomas , Jechorek Doerthe , Link Alexander , Vieth Michael , Malfertheiner Peter 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCanonical Wnt signaling is involved in gastric carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to identify the link between Wnt signaling and aurora kinase A (AURKA), a target for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Publicly available microarray data were used to identify phenotype‐specific protein–protein interaction (PPI) subnetworks. The in silico analysis revealed a gastric cancer‐specific PPI subnetwork consisting of 2745 proteins and 50,935 interactions. We focused on the link of AURKA to a Wnt‐specific interaction module consisting of 92 proteins. There was a direct association of AURKA with Rac GTPase‐activating protein 1 (RACGAP1), as well as with CTNBB1 (β‐catenin) and CDKN1A as second‐order interactors. Differential expression analysis revealed a significant downregulation of both AURKA and RACGAP1 in gastric cancer compared to noncancer controls. Biopsies from a prospective cohort of 56 patients with gastric cancer (32 intestinal type, 24 diffuse type) and 20 noncancer controls were used for validation of the identified targets. The RT‐PCR data confirmed a strong correlation of AURKA and RACGAP1 gene expression both in the tumor, the tumor‐adjacent and the tumor‐distant mucosa. RACGAP1 in the tumor was also associated with CTNBB1 expression, and inversely associated with CDKN1A gene expression. Immunohistochemistry confirmed expression of the RACGAP1 protein in gastric cancer and the tumor‐adjacent mucosa. RACGAP1 expression was not associated with tumor stage, grading, Lauren type, Helicobacter pylori infection, or age. In conclusion, AURKA is directly associated with the expression of RACGAP1, a modulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
Nimotuzumab enhances temozolomide‐induced growth suppression of glioma cells expressing mutant EGFR in vivo
Authors: Nitta Yusuke , Shimizu Saki , Shishido‐Hara Yukiko , Suzuki Kaori , Shiokawa Yoshiaki , Nagane Motoo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA mutant form of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), EGFRvIII, is common in glioblastoma (GBM) and confers enhanced tumorigenic activity and drug resistance. Nimotuzumab, an anti‐EGFR antibody, has shown preclinical and clinical activity to GBM, but its specific activity against EGFRvIII has not been fully investigated. Human glioma U87MG or LNZ308 cells overexpressing either wild‐type (wt) EGFR or EGFRvIII were treated with nimotuzumab, temozolomide, or both. Expression and phosphorylation status of molecules were determined by Western blot analysis. Methylation status of promoter region of O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was detected by methylation‐specific PCR. Antitumor activity was tested using nude mice bearing either subcutaneous or intracerebral xenografts along with analyses of EGFR phosphorylation status, proliferation, apoptosis, and vessel density. Nimotuzumab treatment resulted in reduction of EGFRvIII tyrosine phosphorylation with a decrease in Akt phosphorylation that was greater than that of wtEGFR. Correspondingly, antitumor effects, growth suppression and survival elongation, were more significant in mice bearing either subcutaneous or intracerebral tumor expressing EGFRvIII than in those expressing wtEGFR. These effects were markedly increased when temozolomide was combined with nimotuzumab. The post‐treatment recurrent brain tumors exhibited a decrease in expression of the mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, MSH6 and MLH1, but their methylated MGMT status did not changed. Nimotuzumab has in vivo antitumor activity against GBM, especially those expressing EGFRvIII, when combined with temozolomide. This could provide a basis for preselection of patients with GBM by EGFR status who might benefit from the nimotuzumab and temozolomide combination therapy.
Development and characterization of two human triple‐negative breast cancer cell lines with highly tumorigenic and metastatic capabilities
Authors: Su Yanrong , Pogash Thomas J. , Nguyen Theresa D. , Russo Jose 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a group of cancer with high diversity, limited therapies, and poor prognosis. TNBC cell lines and animal models provide effective tools for studies and drug discovery. Here, we report the development of two TNBC cell lines (XtMCF and LmMCF) based on our existing cell model that consists of normal breast epithelial cell line MCF10F, estradiol‐transformed cells trMCF, and Boyden chamber‐selected tumorigenic cells bsMCF. The XtMCF and LmMCF cell line were derived from xenograft and lung metastasis of bsMCF cells, respectively. The bsMCF, XtMCF, and LmMCF cells have undergone epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), exhibiting a mesenchymal‐like feature. In vivo studies showed XtMCF and LmMCF cells were highly tumorigenic and metastatic. The injection of 5 × 104 cells to CB17/SCID mice mammary fat pad produced xenografts in 9/9 mice and tumors reached 10 millimeters in diameter in 5 weeks. The injection of 1 × 106 XtMCF or 8 × 104 LmMCF cells into the mice tail vein was sufficient to form extensive lung metastases in 4 weeks. The two new cell lines exhibited CD44+/CD49f+ and CD44+/EpCAM+ cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics, and the EGF‐like domain of EpCAM was cleaved off. Together with the normal and early transformed counterparts, herein we provide a complete cancer model for the study of initiation, evolution, and identification of new therapeutics for TNBC. The finding that EGF‐like domain of EpCAM was cleaved off in cells which have undergone EMT suggests this cleavage may be involved in the EMT process and the cancer stem cell properties of these cells.
Location of Framework Al Atoms in the Channels of ZSM‐5: Effect of the (Hydrothermal) Synthesis
Authors: Pashkova Veronika , Sklenak Stepan , Klein Petr , Urbanova Martina , Dědeček Jiří 
Published: January 2016

Abstract27Al 3Q MAS NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy with bare CoII ions as probes of Al pairs in the zeolite framework were employed to analyze the location of framework Al atoms in the channel system of zeolite ZSM‐5. Furthermore, the effect of Na+ ions together with tetrapropylammonium cation (TPA+) in the ZSM‐5 synthesis gel on the location of Al in the channel system was investigated. Zeolites prepared using exclusively TPA+ as a structure‐directing agent (i.e., in the absence of Na+ ions) led to 55–90 % of Al atoms located at the channel intersection, regardless the presence or absence of Al pairs [Al−O−(Si−O)2−Al sequences in one ring] in the zeolite framework. The presence of Na+ ions in the synthesis gel did not modify the Al location at the channel intersection (55–95 % of Al atoms) and led only to changes in i) the distribution of framework Al atoms between Al pairs (decrease) and single isolated Al atoms (increase), and ii) the siting of Al in distinguishable framework tetrahedral sites.
Can Non‐Kramers TmIII Mononuclear Molecules be Single‐Molecule Magnets (SMMs)?
Authors: Meng Yin‐Shan , Qiao Yu‐Sen , Zhang Yi‐Quan , Jiang Shang‐Da , Meng Zhao‐Sha , Wang Bing‐Wu , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Gao Song 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn recent years, plentiful lanthanide‐based (TbIII, DyIII, and ErIII) single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) were studied, while examples of other lanthanides, for example, TmIII are still unknown. Herein, for the first time, we show that by rationally manipulating the coordination sphere, two thulium compounds, 1[(Tp)Tm(COT)] and 2[(Tp*)Tm(COT)] (Tp=hydrotris(1‐pyrazolyl)borate; COT=cyclooctatetraenide; Tp*=hydrotris(3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrazolyl)borate), can adopt the structure of non‐Kramers SMMs and exhibit their behaviors. Dynamic magnetic studies indicated that both compounds showed slow magnetic relaxation under dc field and a relatively high effective energy barrier (111 K for 1, 46 K for 2). Magnetic diluted 1 a[(Tp)Tm0.05Y0.95(COT)] and 2 a[(Tp*)Tm0.05Y0.95(COT)] even exhibited magnetic relaxation under zero dc field. Relativistic ab initio calculations combined with single‐crystal angular‐resolved magnetometry measurements revealed the strong easy axis anisotropy and nearly degenerated ground doublet states. The comparison of 1 and 2 highlights the importance of local symmetry for obtaining Tm SMMs.
Water‐ and Temperature‐Triggered Reversible Structural Transformation of Tetranuclear Cobalt(II) Cores Sandwiched by Polyoxometalates
Authors: Kuriyama Yosuke , Kikukawa Yuji , Suzuki Kosuke , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAlthough stimuli‐responsive structural transformations of inorganic materials have attracted considerable attention because of their potential use as functional switchable materials, multinuclear metal cores frequently suffer from unexpected dissociation of metal cations and/or irreversible transformations into infinite structures. In this study, we describe the successful demonstration of the water‐ and temperature‐triggered reversible structural transformation between cubane‐ and planar‐type tetranuclear CoII cores sandwiched by polyoxometalates. The arrangements and coordination geometries of the CoII cations were interconverted by simple hydration and dehydration, resulting in the manipulation of the magnetic and optical properties of these compounds. Moreover, this system showed unique thermochromism through temperature‐dependent reversible structural interconversion.
Jackknife empirical likelihood for comparing two Gini indices
Authors: Wang Dongliang , Zhao Yichuan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe focus of this paper is to derive the jackknife empirical likelihood for the difference of two Gini indices. For independent data we propose a novel U‐statistic, which allows direct utilization of the jackknife empirical likelihood without involving a nuisance parameter. For paired data we established Wilks’ theorem for the profile likelihood after maximization over the nuisance parameter. Simulation studies show that our method is comparable to existing empirical likelihood methods in terms of coverage accuracy, but obtains much shorter intervals. The proposed methods are illustrated via analyzing a real data set.The Canadian Journal of Statistics44: 102–119; 2016 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada
Development of early‐born γ‐Aminobutyric acid hub neurons in mouse hippocampus from embryogenesis to adulthood
Authors: Villette Vincent , Guigue Philippe , Picardo Michel Aimé , Sousa Vitor Hugo , Leprince Erwan , Lachamp Philippe , Malvache Arnaud , Tressard Thomas , Cossart Rosa , Baude Agnès 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTEarly‐born γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons (EBGNs) are major components of the hippocampal circuit because at early postnatal stages they form a subpopulation of “hub cells” transiently supporting CA3 network synchronization (Picardo et al. [2011] Neuron 71:695–709). It is therefore essential to determine when these cells acquire the remarkable morphofunctional attributes supporting their network function and whether they develop into a specific subtype of interneuron into adulthood. Inducible genetic fate mapping conveniently allows for the labeling of EBGNs throughout their life. EBGNs were first analyzed during the perinatal week. We observed that EBGNs acquired mature characteristics at the time when the first synapse‐driven synchronous activities appeared in the form of giant depolarizing potentials. The fate of EBGNs was next analyzed in the adult hippocampus by using anatomical characterization. Adult EBGNs included a significant proportion of cells projecting selectively to the septum; in turn, EBGNs were targeted by septal and entorhinal inputs. In addition, most EBGNs were strongly targeted by cholinergic and monoaminergic terminals, suggesting significant subcortical innervation. Finally, we found that some EBGNs located in the septum or the entorhinal cortex also displayed a long‐range projection that we traced to the hippocampus. Therefore, this study shows that the maturation of the morphophysiological properties of EBGNs mirrors the evolution of early network dynamics, suggesting that both phenomena may be causally linked. We propose that a subpopulation of EBGNs forms into adulthood a scaffold of GABAergic projection neurons linking the hippocampus to distant structures. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2440–2461, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extracellular matrix protein expression is brain region dependent
Authors: Dauth Stephanie , Grevesse Thomas , Pantazopoulos Harry , Campbell Patrick H. , Maoz Ben M. , Berretta Sabina , Parker Kevin Kit 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn the brain, extracellular matrix (ECM) components form networks that contribute to structural and functional diversity. Maladaptive remodeling of ECM networks has been reported in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, suggesting that the brain microenvironment is a dynamic structure. A lack of quantitative information about ECM distribution in the brain hinders an understanding of region‐specific ECM functions and the role of ECM in health and disease. We hypothesized that each ECM protein as well as specific ECM structures, such as perineuronal nets (PNNs) and interstitial matrix, are differentially distributed throughout the brain, contributing to the unique structure and function in the various regions of the brain. To test our hypothesis, we quantitatively analyzed the distribution, colocalization, and protein expression of aggrecan, brevican, and tenascin‐R throughout the rat brain utilizing immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry analysis and assessed the effect of aggrecan, brevican, and/or tenascin‐R on neurite outgrowth in vitro. We focused on aggrecan, brevican, and tenascin‐R as they are especially expressed in the mature brain, and have established roles in brain development, plasticity, and neurite outgrowth. The results revealed a differentiated distribution of all three proteins throughout the brain and indicated that their presence significantly reduces neurite outgrowth in a 3D in vitro environment. These results underline the importance of a unique and complex ECM distribution for brain physiology and suggest that encoding the distribution of distinct ECM proteins throughout the brain will aid in understanding their function in physiology and in turn assist in identifying their role in disease. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1309–1336, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Liquid Crystalline Oligomer Exhibiting Nematic and Twist‐Bend Nematic Mesophases
Authors: Mandle Richard J. , Goodby John W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe twist‐bend nematic phase (NTB) has been described as the structural link between the untilted uniaxial nematic phase (N) and the helical chiral nematic phase (N*). The NTB phase exhibits phenomena of fundamental importance to science, that is, 1) the spontaneous formation of a helical pitch on the nanometer scale in a fluid and 2) the spontaneous breaking of mirror symmetry, leading to the emergence of chiral domains in an achiral system. In this Communication, we present a study on T49 [bis(4‐(9‐(4‐((4‐cyanobenzoyl)oxy)phenyl)nonyl)phenyl) 4,4′‐(nonane‐1,9‐diyl)dibenzoate], a liquid‐crystalline oligomer exhibiting the twist‐bend nematic phase, which has a molecular length that is of comparable dimensions to the sub‐10 nm pitch determined for CB9CB, and provide new insights into the differentiation between the nano‐ and macro‐science for self‐assembling supermolecular systems.
Maximizing the adequacy of Hologic® Cervista® HPV HR results on ThinPrep® Pap samples treated with glacial acetic acid
Authors: Mahajan Aparna , Kucher Erek , Hoefle Wanda , Engelhardt Shawna , Accola Molly , Barasch Samuel , Rehrauer William , Selvaggi Suzanne M. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundAlthough glacial acetic acid (GAA) treatment of bloody cervical samples has reduced the rate of unsatisfactory Pap Tests, recent studies suggest that it may negatively impact high‐risk (hr)‐HPV test results. The objectives of this study were to compare the levels of genomic DNA between GAA treated and nontreated ThinPrep® samples using the Hologic® Cervista® HPV‐HR assay and to compare the adequacy of the ThinPrep® Pap Test between aliquoted and nonaliquoted samples.MethodsPrior to GAA treatment, 2.5 ml of the cervical sample was prealiquoted from 102 bloody ThinPrep® vials. Both GAA treated and nontreated samples were analyzed for hr‐HPV using the Cervista® HPV HR assay. The levels of genomic DNA were measured and compared between these samples. In addition, ThinPrep® Pap Test adequacy rates were calculated and compared on aliquoted and nonaliquoted cervical samples.ResultsOf the 102 cervical samples, 95 (93%) nontreated aliquots contained satisfactory levels of genomic DNA as compared to 36 (35%) GAA‐treated samples (p < 0.00001). Ninety‐nine (97%) aliquoted cervical samples were satisfactory for cytologic evaluation as compared to 1,326 (96%) GAA treated samples from 2013 (nonaliquoted); not statistically significant (p = 0.7968).ConclusionThe levels of genomic DNA were significantly decreased in GAA treated vs non‐treated TP samples. Aliquoting from the TP sample prior to treatment with GAA enables accurate measurement of DNA without affecting the adequacy of the TP cytology slide. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:215–219. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Timing and location of reproduction in African waterfowl: an overview of >100 years of nest records
Authors: Cumming Graeme S. , Harebottle Douglas M. , Mundava Josphine , Otieno Nickson , Tyler Stephanie J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe timing and location of reproduction are fundamental elements of reproductive success for all organisms. Understanding why animals choose to reproduce at particular times and in particular places is also important for our understanding of other aspects of organismal ecology, such as their habitat requirements, movement strategies, and biogeography. Although breeding patterns in waterfowl are relatively well documented, most studies are from northern temperate regions and the influences of location and time of year on breeding in Afrotropical ducks (Anatidae) are poorly understood. We outline six alternative (but not mutually exclusive) hypotheses that might explain where and when Afrotropical ducks choose to breed. To explore these hypotheses, we assembled and analyzed a new database of c. 22,000 breeding records for 16 Afrotropical ducks and one introduced Palearctic species (the Mallard Anas platyrhynchos). The full database is available on line as an appendix to this article. We identified five distinct breeding strategies as well as two outliers. Peak breeding for 9 of 16 indigenous duck species occurs during the dry season. We found no evidence for spatial synchrony or spatial autocorrelation in breeding, suggesting a high level of flexibility in waterfowl responses to prevailing conditions in any given year. More intensive analyses of alternative hypotheses are needed, but our initial analysis suggests that the timing of breeding for the majority of Afrotropical ducks is driven by a combination of resource availability and predation risk.
Within species support for the expensive tissue hypothesis: a negative association between brain size and visceral fat storage in females of the Pacific seaweed pipefish
Authors: Tsuboi Masahito , Shoji Jun , Sogabe Atsushi , Ahnesjö Ingrid , Kolm Niclas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe brain is one of the most energetically expensive organs in the vertebrate body. Consequently, the high cost of brain development and maintenance is predicted to constrain adaptive brain size evolution (the expensive tissue hypothesis, ETH). Here, we test the ETH in a teleost fish with predominant female mating competition (reversed sex roles) and male pregnancy, the pacific seaweed pipefish Syngnathus schlegeli. The relative size of the brain and other energetically expensive organs (kidney, liver, heart, gut, visceral fat, and ovary/testis) was compared among three groups: pregnant males, nonpregnant males and egg producing females. Brood size in pregnant males was unrelated to brain size or the size of any other organ, whereas positive relationships were found between ovary size, kidney size, and liver size in females. Moreover, we found that the size of energetically expensive organs (brain, heart, gut, kidney, and liver) as well as the amount of visceral fat did not differ between pregnant and nonpregnant males. However, we found marked differences in relative size of the expensive organs between sexes. Females had larger liver and kidney than males, whereas males stored more visceral fat than females. Furthermore, in females we found a negative correlation between brain size and the amount of visceral fat, whereas in males, a positive trend between brain size and both liver and heart size was found. These results suggest that, while the majority of variation in the size of various expensive organs in this species likely reflects that individuals in good condition can afford to allocate resources to several organs, the cost of the expensive brain was visible in the visceral fat content of females, possibly due to the high costs associated with female egg production.