bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical characteristics of a novel protease from the basidiomycete Amanita virgineoides
Authors: Yuan Xianghe , Zhu Mengjuan , Tian Guoting , Zhao Yongchang , Zhao Liyan , Ng Tzi Bun , Wang Hexiang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe characterization of a novel protease from Amanita virgineoides is described. The A. virgineoides protease was purified to homogeneity using Q‐Sepharose, carboxymethyl‐cellulose, diethylaminoethyl‐cellulose, and a gel filtration step on Superdex 75. The molecular mass of the purified protease was estimated to be 16.6 kDa. The protease was purified 32.1‐fold, and its specific activity was 301.4 U/mg. The optimum pH was 4.0, and the optimum temperature was 50 °C. Kinetic constants (Km, Vmax) were determined under the optimum reaction conditions, with Km and Vmax, being 3.74 mg/mL and 9.98 μg mL−1 Min−1, respectively. The activity of the protease was curtailed by Cu2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Cd2+, and Hg2+ ions but enhanced by Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ ions at low concentrations. The protease activity was adversely affected by ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, suggesting that it is a metalloprotease. Four peptide sequences were obtained from liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, including KQALSGIR, TIAMDGTEGLVR, VALTGLTVAEYFR, and AGAGSATLSMAYAGAR, which showed 86%, 64%, 60%, and 75% identity with peptides of Hypsizygus marmoreus, Dacryopinax sp. DJM‐731 SS1, Trametes versicolor FP‐101664 SS1, and Paxillus involutus ATCC 200175, respectively. The newly isolated protease showed good hydrolytic activity and biochemical characteristics, which expanded the knowledge of biologically active proteins and provided further insight on this poisonous fungus.
Production of a bioactive recombinant chicken matrix metalloproteinase‐11 peptide in Escherichia coli
Authors: Paul Rajani Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , Kataria Meena 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase‐11 (MMP‐11) is known to be highly expressed in metastatic and most invasive forms of tumors. Being selectively expressed in tumor tissues, MMP‐11 is a promising target for immunotherapy against tumors. Here, we report the production of a thioredoxin‐tagged bioactive recombinant chicken MMP‐11 (cMMP‐11) peptide excluding the secretory signal and propeptide in Escherichia coli T7 Express lysY using pET32b(+) vector. High‐level expression and purification of the bioactive peptide were achieved by induction with 1.0 mM isopropyl‐β‐d‐thiogalactopyranoside for 4 H at 37 °C followed by affinity chromatography under denaturing condition and slow dialysis. The recombinant peptide exhibited both caseinolytic and gelatinase activities without requiring activation by 4‐aminophenylmercuric acetate. The antisera raised against the peptide in rabbits showed a strong reaction with the whole recombinant peptide as well as 37 kDa cMMP‐11 mature peptide and cross‐reactivity with a 43 kDa protein in murine breast tumor of 4T1 origin in Western blot analysis. The 43 kDa protein in the tumor homogenate showed immunoreactivity with a monoclonal antibody against human MMP‐11, suggesting it to be murine MMP‐11 having cross‐reactivity with the antisera raised against cMMP‐11 peptide. Altogether, the study characterized the production of a bioactive and immunogenic recombinant cMMP‐11 peptide in E. coli.
Encouraging Prosocial Decisions: The Role of Fairness Salience and Uncertainty
Authors: Sleesman Dustin J. , Conlon Donald E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlthough the decision to engage in prosocial behavior has received research attention, the literature offers a limited understanding of fairness and uncertainty as antecedents. We propose that one can encourage prosocial decision making simply by invoking the notion of fairness because of its effects on the perceived trustworthiness of the invoking party. We also elucidate the complex role of uncertainty in prosocial decisions in that it has a negative effect while also serving to strengthen the positive effect of fairness salience. Our ideas are tested in two prosocial decision contexts, including participative pricing (i.e., “pay what you want”) and charitable giving. Data from an archival study of a naturally occurring event and two controlled experiments offer support for our arguments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management and outcomes of neonates with down syndrome admitted to neonatal units
Authors: Mann Jake P. , Statnikov Eugene , Modi Neena , Johnson Nik , Springett Anna , Morris Joan K. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundNeonates with Down syndrome have an increased risk of being admitted to a neonatal unit compared with unaffected neonates. We aimed to estimate the proportion of neonates with Down syndrome admitted to a neonatal unit and compare their management and outcomes with other neonatal admissions.MethodsCase–control study of neonates born from 2009 to 2011 admitted to 122 NHS Neonatal Units in England using data from the National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register and the National Neonatal Research Database. For each neonate with Down syndrome, three neonates admitted to the same unit in the same month and born at the same gestation were identified.ResultsForty‐six percent of neonates with Down syndrome were admitted to a neonatal unit. Boys were more likely to be admitted than girls (odds ratio = 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–2.0). Neonates with Down syndrome required more intensive or high dependency care compared with unaffected neonates (37% vs. 27%. p < 0.01) and stayed in neonatal units for longer (11 days vs. 5 days, p < 0.01). A total of 31% of neonates with Down syndrome required respiratory support compared with 22% (p < 0.001) of unaffected neonates, and 11% were discharged requiring oxygen supplementation compared with 3% (p < 0.001) of unaffected neonates. A total of 3% of neonates with Down syndrome died in a neonatal unit compared with 1% (p = 0.01) of unaffected neonates.ConclusionNeonates with Down syndrome are more likely than unaffected neonates to be admitted to a neonatal unit, have a prolonged stay, and be discharged home on supplemental oxygen. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:468–474, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence for a teratogenic risk in the offspring of health personnel exposed to ionizing radiation?!
Authors: Wiesel Awi , Stolz Gabriela , Queisser‐Wahrendorf Annette 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe evidence concerning safety of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation on teratogenic effects mainly relies on animal models, disaster epidemiology and experience in cancer etiology. Following an explorative result on maternal exposure in medical occupations we conducted a feasibility study, addressing congenital anomalies (CA) in the offspring of health workers potentially exposed to radiation.MethodsIn a prospective follow‐up study, we enrolled women, identified by mandatory registration at the office of radiation protection as wearing a dosimeter. The participating women answered a questionnaire and if pregnant agreed to an examination of their infant. CA were diagnosed and categorized, and demographic and anamnestic findings (including dosimeter values) were ascertained. Mainz Birth Registry data were used for comparison, and a nonresponder analysis was performed.ResultsAnswers were received from 286 of 604 (51%) women exposed and 183 (30.3%) of them participated in the study including 88 nonparticipants who provided exposure data only. Further sources of ionizing radiation and other factors relevant for CA did not differ between the groups. Thirty pregnancies occurred among the participants. Eight of the resulting 27 infants were diagnosed with CA (30%) compared with 6.2% of the comparison group.ConclusionPrevious explorative findings were corroborated by this feasibility study. The increased prevalence for CA could not be explained by any other factor. A preferable prospective active design is achievable, and the participation rate is essential to calculate valid results and answer this important issue. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:475–479, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Schuld und Verantwortung
Authors: Roth Gerhard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDer strafrechtlichen Schuldbegriff baut auf dem metaphysischen Begriff der Willensfreiheit auf, der ein “rein geistiges” Andershandelnkönnen unter identischen physisch‐psychischen Bedingungen vorsieht. Dies steht im Widerspruch zum naturwissenschaftlichen Denken und den psychologischen und neurobiologischen Erkenntnissen zur Entwicklung der Persönlichkeit und Motivstruktur des Menschen. Es wird vorgeschlagen, den Begriff der Willensfreiheit durch den im Zivilrecht vorherrschenden Begriff der “freien Willensbildung” zu ersetzen. Dieser beinhaltet die Fähigkeit, die Rahmenbedingungen und mögliche Konsequenzen eigenen Handelns hinreichend abzuwägen. Sie wird als das Ergebnis der Normalentwicklung des Gehirns und seiner kognitiven, emotionalen und exekutiven Fähigkeiten verstanden. Aus ihr leitet sich eine Verantwortlichkeit eines Menschen für sein Handeln ab.
Tipps und Tricks beim Zentrifugieren
Authors: Hauk Andrea 
Published: June 2016

AbstractVon der Tisch‐ bis zur Ultrazentrifuge, mit kleinen bis großen Rotoren und Gefäßen, für geringe und hohe Geschwindigkeiten: Zentrifugen gehören zur Grundausstattung jedes Labors und jeder Labormitarbeiter hat schon einmal eine Zentrifuge bedient. Eine Zentrifuge ist nichts anderes als eine Schleuder, die Behälter um eine Achse dreht. Dadurch wird die Schwerkraft durch Zentrifugalkraft ersetzt, was zu einer Beschleunigung des Sedimentationsprozesses im Röhrchen führt. So können beispielsweise Partikel von der umgebenden Flüssigkeit abgetrennt werden.
Meta-analysis of oncological outcomes after local excision of pT1–2 rectal cancer requiring adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy or completion surgery
Authors: Borstlap W A A , Coeymans T J , Tanis P J , Marijnen C A M , Cunningham C , Bemelman W A , Tuynman J B 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background
Completion total mesorectal excision (TME) is advised for high-risk early (pT1/pT2) rectal cancer following transanal removal. The main objective of this meta-analysis was to determine oncological outcomes of adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy as a rectum-preserving alternative to completion TME.

Methods
A literature search using PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library was performed in February 2015. Studies had to include at least ten patients with pT1/pT2 adenocarcinomas that were removed transanally and followed by either adjuvant chemoradiotherapy or completion surgery. A weighted average of the logit proportions was determined for the pooled analyses of subgroups according to treatment modality and pT category.

Results
In total, 14 studies comprising 405 patients treated with adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy and seven studies comprising 130 patients treated with completion TME were included. Owing to heterogeneity it was not possible to compare the two strategies directly. However, the weighted average local recurrence rate for locally excised pT1/pT2 rectal cancer treated with adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy was 14 (95 per cent c.i. 11 to 18) per cent, and 7 (4 to 14) per cent following completion TME. The weighted averages for distance recurrence were 9 (6 to 14) and 9 (5 to 16) per cent respectively. Weighted averages for local recurrence rate after adjuvant chemo(radiotherapy) and completion TME for pT1 were 10 (4 to 21) and 6 (3 to 15) per cent respectively. Corresponding averages for pT2 were 15 (11 to 21) and 10 (4 to 22) per cent respectively.

Conclusion
A higher recurrence rate after transanal excision and adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy must be balanced against the morbidity and mortality associated with mesorectal excision. A reasonable approach is close follow-up and salvage mesorectal surgery as needed.
Split Spinach Aptamer for Highly Selective Recognition of DNA and RNA at Ambient Temperatures
Authors: Kikuchi Nanami , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSplit spinach aptamer (SSA) probes for fluorescent analysis of nucleic acids were designed and tested. In SSA design, two RNA or RNA/DNA strands hybridized to a specific nucleic acid analyte and formed a binding site for low‐fluorescent 3,5‐difluoro‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone (DFHBI) dye, which resulted in up to a 270‐fold increase in fluorescence. The major advantage of the SSA over state‐of‐the art fluorescent probes is high selectivity: it produces only background fluorescence in the presence of a single‐base‐mismatched analyte, even at room temperature. SSA is therefore a promising tool for label‐free analysis of nucleic acids at ambient temperatures.
Revealing the Electrochemical Lithiation Routes of CuO Nanowires by in Situ TEM
Authors: Sun Muhua , Qi Kuo , Li Xiaomin , Huang Qianming , Wei Jiake , Xu Zhi , Wang Wenlong , Bai Xuedong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe dynamic lithiation processes of CuO nanowires were studied by the construction of an electrochemical reaction cell inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM), where the morphology evolution and the phase transformation during lithiation have been recorded in real time by in situ TEM imaging, selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterning and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The lithiated length (L) and the corresponding lithiation time (t) of the nanowires were measured to investigate the lithiation kinetics. Based on the relationship between L and t it is found that two lithiation reaction routes occur in the CuO nanowires. The lithiation of CuO nanowires with smaller resistance under −3.5 V potential is speculated to be a two‐step lithiation route controlled by a short‐range interface reaction, whereas upon the same applied potential the lithiation of nanowires with larger resistance presents a diffusion process with a general one‐step reaction route. The research enriches our understanding of the lithiation kinetics of CuO anodes and also the solid‐state electrochemical reaction mechanism of CuO.
Microelectrodes Integrated into a Microfluidic Chip for the Detection of CCRF‐CEM Cells Based on the Electrochemical Oxidation of Hydrazine
Authors: Lou Baohua , Zhou Zhixue , Gu Wenling , Dong Shaojun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe designed one type of microfluidic chip integrated with Au microelectrodes to detect target CCRF‐CEM cells based on the electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine catalyzed by Pt nanoparticles (NPs). The microelectrode can improve the sensitivity of detection, with a low background signal and decreased nonspecific adsorption. Applying the cell aptamer as the sensing element, this method exhibits good selectivity. Owing to the strong catalytic ability of Pt NPs for the electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine, the limit of detection of this method is ten cells. By adjusting the detection area of Au microelectrodes, this chip can detect a wide range of target cells. Besides, this method successfully detected the target cells doped in blood samples, indicating its potential application in clinical diagnosis.
NiCo2S4 Nanosheets Grown on 3D Networks of Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene/Carbon Nanotubes: Advanced Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Longsheng , Zuo Lizeng , Fan Wei , Liu Tianxi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTo meet the requirements of high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), a new class of electrode materials with favorable nanostructures is highly desirable. Recently, metal sulfides have been intensively studied as promising anode materials for LIBs because of their high lithium storage capacity. Among them, ternary metal sulfides can provide much higher electrochemical activity and energy storage performance than binary metal sulfides or their oxide counterparts, which makes them outstanding candidates as anode materials for next‐generation LIBs. In this work, hierarchical nanostructured hybrids of NiCo2S4 nanosheets uniformly grown on nitrogen‐doped graphene/carbon nanotube networks (NiCo2S4/NGC) have been easily prepared as novel anode materials for LIBs. Benefiting from the synergistic effects between NiCo2S4 nanosheets and conductive NGC networks, the optimized NiCo2S4/NGC hybrid exhibits greatly enhanced electrochemical performance with high initial charge capacity of 1225.4 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability with 89 % capacity retention after 100 cycles. Moreover, its capacity can be retained at 574.8 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles even at a current density of 5 A g−1, demonstrating its exceptionally high rate performance.
Ring Enlargement of Three‐Membered Boron Heterocycles upon Reaction with Organic π Systems: Implications for the Trapping of Borylenes
Authors: Krasowska Małgorzata , Bettinger Holger F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNew low‐energy pathways for the reaction between substituted boriranes and borirenes with unsaturated hydrocarbons (ethyne or ethene) were discovered using density functional and coupled cluster theory. The interaction between the π bond of the hydrocarbon and the empty p orbital of the boron center leads to ring expansion of the three‐membered to a five‐membered boron heterocycle. The reactions are strongly exothermic and have low or even no barriers. They involve intermediates with a pentacoordinate boron center with two hydrocarbon molecules coordinating to boron akin to metal‐olefin complexes. These borylene complexes are shallow minima on the potential energy surfaces. But significantly higher barriers for ring formation are computed for 1,5‐cyclooctadiene and dibenzocyclooctatetraene complexes of borylenes, making these complexes likely detectable under appropriate experimental conditions. Our computational findings have implications for the interpretation of trapping experiments of thermally generated small borylenes with excess of small π systems. Because of very low barriers for reactions of three‐membered boron heterocycles with π systems and the at least locally large excess of the latter under such conditions, formation of five‐membered boron heterocycles should be considered.
Critical Role of Dynamic Flexibility in Ge‐Containing Zeolites: Impact on Diffusion
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Sevillano Juan José , Calero Sofía , Hamad Said , Grau‐Crespo Ricardo , Rey Fernando , Valencia Susana , Palomino Miguel , Balestra Salvador R. G. , Ruiz‐Salvador A. Rabdel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIncorporation of germanium in zeolites is well known to confer static flexibility to their framework, by stabilizing the formation of small rings. In this work, we show that the flexibility associated to Ge atoms in zeolites goes beyond this static effect, manifesting also a clear dynamic nature, in the sense that it leads to enhanced molecular diffusion. Our study combines experimental and theoretical methods providing evidence for this effect, which has not been described previously, as well as a rationalization for it, based on atomistic grounds. We have used both pure‐silica and silico‐germanate ITQ‐29 (LTA topology) zeolites as a case study. Based on our simulations, we identify the flexibility associated to the pore breathing‐like behavior induced by the Ge atoms, as the key factor leading to the enhanced diffusion observed experimentally in Ge‐containing zeolites.
Three Efficient Methods for Preparation of Coelenterazine Analogues
Authors: Shakhmin Anton , Hall Mary P. , Walker Joel R. , Machleidt Thomas , Binkowski Brock F. , Wood Keith V. , Kirkland Thomas A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe growing popularity of bioluminescent assays has highlighted the need for coelenterazine analogues possessing properties tuned for specific applications. However, the structural diversity of known coelenterazine analogues has been limited by current syntheses. Known routes for the preparation of coelenterazine analogues employ harsh reaction conditions that limit access to many substituents and functional groups. Novel synthetic routes reported here establish simple and robust methods for synthesis and investigation of structurally diverse marine luciferase substrates. Specifically, these new routes allow synthesis of coelenterazine analogues containing various heterocyclic motifs and substituted aromatic groups with diverse electronic substituents at the R2 position. Interesting analogues described herein were characterized by their physicochemical properties, bioluminescent half‐life, light output, polarity and cytotoxicity. Some of the analogues represent leads that can be utilized in the development of improved bioluminescent systems.
Enhancement of Light Absorption Ability of Synthetic Chlorophyll Derivatives by Conjugation with a Difluoroboron Diketonate Group
Authors: Kinoshita Yusuke , Kitagawa Yuichi , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe enhancement of the light absorption ability of synthetic chlorophyll derivatives is demonstrated. Chlorophyll derivatives directly conjugated with a difluoroboron 1,3‐diketonate group at the C3 position were synthesized from methyl pyropheophorbide‐d through Barbier acylmethylation of the C3‐formyl moiety, oxidation of the C3‐carbinol, and difluoroboron complexation of the diketonate. Electronic absorption spectra in a diluted solution showed that the synthetic conjugates gave an absorption band at λ=400–500 nm, with a Qy band shifted to a longer wavelength of λ≈700 nm. DFT calculations demonstrated that the absorption bands and redshifts were ascribable to the coupling of the LUMO of chlorin with that of the difluoroboron diketonate moiety. The introduction of a pyrenyl group at the C33‐position of the conjugate afforded an additional charge‐transfer band over λ=500 nm, producing a pigment that bridged the green gap in standard chlorophylls.
Synthesis of β‐1,4‐Linked Galactan Side‐Chains of Rhamnogalacturonan I
Authors: Andersen Mathias C. F. , Kračun Stjepan K. , Rydahl Maja G. , Willats William G. T. , Clausen Mads H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of linear‐ and (1→6)‐branched β‐(1→4)‐d‐galactans, side‐chains of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I is described. The strategy relies on iterative couplings of n‐pentenyl disaccharides followed by a late stage glycosylation of a common hexasaccharide core. Reaction with a covalent linker and immobilization on N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)‐modified glass surfaces allows the generation of carbohydrate microarrays. The glycan arrays enable the study of protein–carbohydrate interactions in a high‐throughput fashion, demonstrated herein with binding studies of mAbs and a CBM.
Efficient Synthesis of Diaryl Ketones by Nickel‐Catalyzed Negishi Cross‐Coupling of Amides by Carbon–Nitrogen Bond Cleavage at Room Temperature Accelerated by a Solvent Effect
Authors: Shi Shicheng , Szostak Michal 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe first Negishi cross‐coupling of amides for the synthesis of versatile diaryl ketones by selective C−N bond activation under exceedingly mild conditions is reported. The cross‐coupling was accomplished with bench‐stable, inexpensive precatalyst [Ni(PPh3)2Cl2] that shows high functional‐group tolerance and enables the synthesis of highly functionalized diaryl ketone motifs. The coupling occurred with excellent chemoselectivity favoring the ketone (cf. biaryl) products. Notably, this process represents the mildest conditions for amide N−C bond activation accomplished to date (room temperature, <10 min). Considering the versatile role of polyfunctional biaryl ketone linchpins in modern organic synthesis, availability, and excellent functional‐group tolerance of organozinc reagents, this strategy provides a new platform for amide N−C bond/organozinc cross‐coupling under mild conditions.
Mild and Low‐Pressure fac‐Ir(ppy)3‐Mediated Radical Aminocarbonylation of Unactivated Alkyl Iodides through Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Chow Shiao Y. , Stevens Marc Y. , Åkerbladh Linda , Bergman Sara , Odell Luke R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of L. R. Odell at Uppsala University (Sweden). The image depicts iridium at the center of a vortex of electrons that are transferred to and from the surrounding reaction components in a radical aminocarbonylation method. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201601694.