bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Inhibition of Aggregation and Toxicity of a Tau‐Derived Peptide using Its Glycosylated Analogues
Authors: Frenkel‐Pinter Moran , Richman Michal , Belostozky Anna , Abu‐Mokh Amjaad , Gazit Ehud , Rahimipour Shai , Segal Daniel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractProtein glycosylation is a ubiquitous post‐translational modification that regulates the folding and function of many proteins. Misfolding of protein monomers and their toxic aggregation are the hallmark of many prevalent diseases. Thus, understanding the role of glycans in protein aggregation is highly important and could contribute both to unraveling the pathology of protein misfolding diseases as well as providing a means for modifying their course for therapeutic purposes. Using β‐O‐linked glycosylated variants of the highly studied Tau‐derived hexapeptide motif VQIVYK, which served as a simplified amyloid model, we demonstrate that amyloid formation and toxicity can be strongly attenuated by a glycan unit, depending on the nature of the glycan itself. Importantly, we show for the first time that not only do glycans hinder self‐aggregation, but the glycosylated peptides are capable of inhibiting aggregation of the non‐modified corresponding amyloid scaffold.
Bimodal Functionality in a Porous Covalent Triazine Framework by Rational Integration of an Electron‐Rich and ‐Deficient Pore Surface
Authors: Karmakar Avishek , Kumar Amrit , Chaudhari Abhijeet K. , Samanta Partha , Desai Aamod V. , Krishna Rajamani , Ghosh Sujit K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA porous covalent triazine framework (CTF) consisting of both an electron‐deficient central triazine core and electron‐rich aromatic building blocks is reported. Taking advantage of the dual nature of the pore surface, bimodal functionality has been achieved. The electron deficiency in the central core has been utilized to address one of the pertinent problems in chemical industries, namely separation of benzene from its cyclic saturated congener, that is, cyclohexane. Also, by virtue of the electron‐rich aromatic rings with Lewis basic sites, aqueous‐phase chemical sensing of a nitroaromatic compound of highly explosive nature (2,4,6‐trinitrophenol; TNP) has been achieved. The present compound supersedes the performance of previously reported COFs in both the aspects. Notably, this reports the first example of pore‐surface engineering leading to bimodal functionality in CTFs.
Effect of particle size on the flame retardancy of poly(butylene succinate)/Mg(OH)2 composites
Authors: Chen Hao , Wen Xin , Guan Yanyan , Min Jiakang , Wen Yanliang , Yang Hongfan , Chen Xuecheng , Li Yunhui , Yang Xiuyun , Tang Tao 
Published: February 2016

SummaryPoly(butylene succinate)/magnesium hydroxide (PBS/Mg(OH)2) composites were prepared by melt compounding to investigate the effect of particle size on the flame retardancy of PBS. Their flammability properties were investigated by limiting oxygen index, UL‐94, and cone calorimeter tests, which suggested that the medium‐sized Mg(OH)2‐5 µm displayed the best flame retardancy. The residual char structure were analyzed and indicated that Mg(OH)2‐5 µm could form a better protective layer than other sized particles, leading to the better flame retardancy to PBS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of Routine Biochemical Analytes in Whole Blood and Plasma From Lithium Heparin Gel Tubes During 6‐hr Storage
Authors: Monneret Denis , Godmer Alexandre , Le Guen Ronan , Bravetti Clotilde , Emeraud Cecile , Marteau Anthony , Alkouri Rana , Mestari Fouzi , Dever Sylvie , Imbert‐Bismut Françoise , Bonnefont‐Rousselot Dominique 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundThe stability of biochemical analytes has already been investigated, but results strongly differ depending on parameters, methodologies, and sample storage times. We investigated the stability for many biochemical parameters after different storage times of both whole blood and plasma, in order to define acceptable pre‐ and postcentrifugation delays in hospital laboratories.MethodsTwenty‐four analytes were measured (Modular® Roche analyzer) in plasma obtained from blood collected into lithium heparin gel tubes, after 2–6 hr of storage at room temperature either before (n = 28: stability in whole blood) or after (n = 21: stability in plasma) centrifugation. Variations in concentrations were expressed as mean bias from baseline, using the analytical change limit (ACL%) or the reference change value (RCV%) as acceptance limit.ResultsIn tubes stored before centrifugation, mean plasma concentrations significantly decreased after 3 hr for phosphorus (–6.1% [95% CI: –7.4 to –4.7%]; ACL 4.62%) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; –5.7% [95% CI: –7.4 to –4.1%]; ACL 5.17%), and slightly decreased after 6 hr for potassium (–2.9% [95% CI: –5.3 to –0.5%]; ACL 4.13%). In plasma stored after centrifugation, mean concentrations decreased after 6 hr for bicarbonates (–19.7% [95% CI: –22.9 to –16.5%]; ACL 15.4%), and moderately increased after 4 hr for LDH (+6.0% [95% CI: +4.3 to +7.6%]; ACL 5.17%). Based on RCV, all the analytes can be considered stable up to 6 hr, whether before or after centrifugation.ConclusionThis study proposes acceptable delays for most biochemical tests on lithium heparin gel tubes arriving at the laboratory or needing to be reanalyzed.
Circulating Tumor Cells and Tumor Stem Cells Detection in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Yuan‐Chun , Liu Li‐Ping , Zhang Hao‐Min , Tong Song 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundOur aim was to retrospectively analyze the relationships between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and the development of breast cancer, for elucidating the role of CTCs in breast cancer.MethodsA total of 107 female patients with primary breast cancer and 48 matched healthy female volunteers were recruited. After blood collection, isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was performed followed by the detection of cytokeratin 19 positive (CK19+) and CD44+/CD24−/low cells, as well as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone, and CerbB2. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 20.0 software.ResultsNone of the 48 volunteers were detected with CK19+ cells in their PBMC, while in 77 patients, 72% of 107 female patients with primary breast cancer, the CK19+ cells were detected. CK19+ could also be detected among patients in each grouping by different clinical staging and lymph node metastasis, with statistical differences (all P < 0.05). Further, among the 83 CK19+ specimens, 32 were also detected with CD44+/CD24−/low cells. Comparisons of CK19+ and CD44+/CD24−/low cells in patients with different clinical features (ER positive vs. ER negative, C‐erbB2 positive vs. C‐erbB2 negative) and molecular subtypes (triple‐negative breast cancer, ER positive, and C‐erbB2 positive) showed no obvious difference (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsBoth CTCs and tumor stem cells (TSCs) could be detected in the PBMC of breast cancer patients; besides, positive expression rate of CTCs might be obviously associated with the clinical stage and metastasis. Positive relationship of TSCs and the clinical stage of breast cancer was also proved in this study.
Investigating the Morphological Variations Due to Processing and Thermomechanical Treatment of Poly(propylene) Using Raman Microscopy
Authors: Sanoria Abhishek , Damodaran Subin , Schuster Tobias , Brüll Robert 
Published: February 2016

Differences in the Raman spectrum of the α‐ and β‐polymorph of poly(propylene) (PP) have been identified in the form of band shifts distinct for the specific polymorph. A new method has been developed, which can ascertain the presence of the α‐polymorph. These band shifts have been used to profile both the polymorphs and variations in the crystallinity across the whole spherulite have been ascertained by carrying out a spatially resolved profiling of the degree of crystallinity. The crystalline domains in PP have been qualitatively assessed using the band shifts in the Raman spectra. This approach has then been applied to study local variations in the morphology of welds between PP plates, wherein the complex interplay between the heating and cooling patterns as well as the mechanical forces due to shearing gives rise to the development of a different morphological structure in the weld. Using Raman microscopy, a reduction in the crystallinity (≈18%) in the region of the weld seams and sporadic formation of β‐spherulites in the weld core is observed. The methodology developed has been applied to investigate a weld between PP‐H and PP‐R (PP with random ethylene copolymer), to ascertain the variations occurring upon welding in such materials.
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Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids as Initiators in Ring Opening Polymerization: Ionic Conduction and Dielectric Response of End‐Functional Polycaprolactones and Their Block Copolymers
Authors: Choi U Hyeok , Mittal Anuj , Price Terry L. , Colby Ralph H. , Gibson Harry W. 
Published: February 2016

Imidazolium alcohols, [R‐Im‐Z‐OH]+[X]−, are investigated as initiators for ring opening poly­merization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (CL). Two monomeric imidazolium alcohols {I [R = HOOC(CH2)5, Z = (CH2)11, X = Br] and III [R = n‐Bu, Z = (CH2CH2O)3CH2CH2, X = bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI)]} are successfully utilized as initiators for ROP of CL, yielding corresponding polycaprolactones (PCL) Ia‐Br and IIIa‐TFSI. The oligoester II derived from I also acts as an initiator, providing block copolymer IIa‐Br. By anion exchange Ia‐Br and IIa‐Br are converted to Ia‐TFSI and IIa‐TFSI. The TFSI polymers have lower glass transition temperatures (Tg), resulting in higher conductivity, compared to the Br polymers. The ionic conductivities of the PCL block copolymers are higher than those of the PCL homopolymers, despite the similar Tg, because of their higher ionic content. Their static dielectric constants () increase linearly with ion content and exhibit the temperature dependence expected by Onsager, in the liquid state. The semi­crystalline PCL homopolymers, upon crystallization, undergo a significant increase in , owing to a Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars interfacial polarization. The present results demonstrate that with proper design, block copolymers have the potential to provide high ionic conductivities combined with good mechanical strength, key attributes for application of these materials in mechanical actuators.
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Biometric Protection for Mobile Devices is Now More Reliable
Authors: Schnabel Bianka , Behringer Martin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecognizing different iris patterns from one person to the next is one of the most reliable biometric identification methods. It requires a strong light source to achieve high‐contrast images of the iris. This is a major challenge on smartphones and tablets because of the limitations in terms of space, power consumption and cost. The Kaiser Friedrich Award has now been presented for the development of a highly efficient infrared LED specifically designed for iris scans in mobile devices.
Stain‐free 3D Nanoscopy of Living Cells
Authors: Pollaro Lisa , Equis Sebastien , Dalla Piazza Bastien , Cotte Yann 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe cell is the basis of all life on earth. Therefore, being capable of directly observing and measuring the internal parts of a living cell would open a wealth of possibilities. However, due to the limitation of light used as a biological probe, revealing this internal structure is either strongly limited or requires strong and tedious modifications of observed cells. State‐of‐the art microscopy techniques rely on complicated procedures (risk of errors), which require difficult and time‐consuming preparations, are invasive to the cells (risk of damaging and results falsification), and still give rather limited results. This article presents a novel non‐invasive and tomographic imaging approach for quantitative analysis and differentiation of cell components. Changes in refractive index within the cell itself provide the contrast for labeling various organelles with high precision and at a high resolution. The method can be applied to the 3D examination of living cells and biological samples under various external stimuli or drugs.
A Note on the Dependence of Health on Age and Education
Authors: Rohwer Götz 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
When investigating relationships between education and health, one has to take age into account. Conditioning on age entails conditioning on surviving, which has been argued to lead to a potential selection bias. In this note, I argue that surviving should be considered as a necessary precondition for the relationships of interest and, therefore, not as a possible source of bias. I criticize models of health trajectories that do not condition on surviving.
Is the relationship between innovation performance and knowledge management contingent on environmental dynamism and learning capability? Evidence from a turbulent market
Authors: Kamasak Rifat , Yavuz Meltem , Altuntas Gultekin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study aims to explore the separate and combined effects of knowledge management capabilities, environmental dynamism and learning capability on innovation performance. To achieve this aim, a survey was carried out on a sample of 221 firms and a couple of hypotheses were tested. The findings showed that higher levels of environmental dynamism and learning capability made the positive linkage between knowledge management capabilities and innovation performance stronger. Based on the findings, it was suggested that whilst environmental dynamism may compel firms to assimilate and use new information better, create more new product configurations and move readily to new markets through their knowledge management capabilities, learning capability improves the understanding of organizational knowledge and helps the firm embed this knowledge into organizational processes. In this sense, environmental dynamism and learning capability moderate the relationship between knowledge management capabilities and innovation performance.
Sexual risk, substance use, mental health, and trauma experiences of gang‐involved homeless youth☆
Authors: Petering Robin 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThis study examined the associations of sexual risk behaviors, substance use, mental health, and trauma with varying levels of gang involvement in a sample of Los Angeles‐based homeless youths. Data were collected from 505 homeless youths who self‐reported various health information and whether they have ever identified as or been closely affiliated with a gang member. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations of lifetime gang involvement with risk taking behaviors and negative health outcomes. Results revealed seventeen percent of youths have ever identified as a gang member and 46% as gang affiliated. Both gang members and affiliates were at greater risk of many negative behaviors than non‐gang involved youths. Gang members and affiliates were more likely to report recent methamphetamine use, cocaine use, chronic marijuana use, having sex while intoxicated, and symptoms of depression, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. They were also more likely to have experienced childhood sexual abuse and witnessing family violence. Gang members were more likely to ever attempt suicide, experience recent partner violence, and report physical abuse during childhood. Results suggest that lifetime gang involvement is related to a trajectory of negative outcomes and amplified risk for youths experiencing homelessness. Additionally, being closely connected to a gang member appears to have just as much as an impact on risk as personally identifying as a gang member. Given the lack of knowledge regarding the intersection between youth homelessness and gang involvement, future research is needed to inform policies and programs that can address the specific needs of this population.
Brief report: Growth in polysubstance use among youth in the child welfare system☆
Authors: Yarnell Lisa M. , Traube Dorian E. , Schrager Sheree M. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeThis paper establishes foundational knowledge on development of polysubstance use among adolescents in the U.S. child welfare system (CWS).MethodData on U.S. CWS adolescents from the National Study of Child and Adolescent Well‐Being were examined for rates of alcohol, marijuana, and hard drug use; and change in use over time.ResultsPast 30‐day absolute use was highest for alcohol, but daily/near‐daily use highest for marijuana. Marijuana use increased at later time points. A correlated growth model suggested covariation in use of the substances. A curve‐of‐factors model suggested that higher‐order factors explain most variation in substance use, except at the last time point. Those with lower use changed the most across time.ConclusionsSubsequent research among CWS adolescents in the U.S. should consider substances jointly. Prevention should focus on marijuana, and later periods of adolescence and CWS involvement. Youth not thought of as at great risk upon entering the CWS may be most vulnerable.
The species pair Pseudocyphellaria pilosella-piloselloides (lichenized Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) is a single species
Authors: MESSUTI María Inés , PASSO Alfredo , SCERVINO Jose Martin , VIDAL-RUSSELL Romina 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe foliose lichens Pseudocyphellaria pilosella and P. piloselloides are characterized by a cyanobacterial photobiont, a tomentose upper surface, a yellow medulla and yellow pseudocyphellae. The latter species has long been recognized as the sorediate counterpart of the former. The morphological, anatomical, chemical, and molecular analyses performed for this study support their treatment as a single species.
Corticolous lichens as environmental indicators of natural sulphur emissions near the sulphur mine El Vinagre (Cauca, Colombia)
Authors: DÍAZ ESCANDÓN David , SOTO MEDINA Edier , LÜCKING Robert , SILVERSTONE SOPKIN Philip A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial effect of a natural source of sulphur pollution on the species diversity, richness and distribution of corticolous lichens in a páramo zone at the mine ‘El Vinagre’ (Puracé, Cauca, Colombia). Three zones at different distances from the pollution source were established: zone 1 with a high degree of contamination, a potentially mildly affected or transitional zone 2, and a zone 3 free of disturbance. In each zone, 10 phorophytes ofWeinmannia microphylla(Cunoniaceae) were sampled, and all lichens in a 150 cm vertical transect 50 cm above the ground were collected and identified. Phorophyte parameters were measured (bark pH and diameter at breast height) and the samples were georeferenced. In order to evaluate the impact on lichens, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) and indicator species analysis were carried out. ANOVA and Spearman correlations were performed to assess the relationships of environmental and tree variables between zones and with lichen community structure. The index of atmospheric purity (IAP) and the environmental rating factor (FCA) were evaluated for the three zones. In total, 104 lichen species were recorded, of which 72 were identified to species, 17 to genus, and four to family; 11 samples could not be identified. NMS clustered samples according to zone and the main axis which were correlated with bark pH and distance from pollution source. We found eight indicator species characterizing different zones, and four marginally significant indicator species. Using the IAP, we established three isocontamination areas, with zones 2 and 3 classified as more or less pristine zones and zone 1 as a polluted zone (supported by bark pH as a proxy for current pollution). Diversity was lowest in zone 1, closest to the pollution source, and lichen species composition differed between zones. Differences between lichens in zones 2 and 3 appear mostly unrelated to the current pollution source and might be more related to historical differences in impact from a 20-year-old pollution source.
Must it Be Abstract? Hegel, Pippin, and Clark
Authors: Donougho Martin 
Published: February 2016

By comparison with other parts of his philosophy, Hegel's Aesthetics has been slighted by Anglo-American philosophers. All the more welcome then are two recent essays by Robert Pippin, which promise to go well beyond received notions. With Hegel's Idealism, Pippin published what is by any measure one of the most original of recent treatments. Shortly thereafter came a penetrating study of the idea of the modern, which allotted a central role to artistic modernism, and since then he has published various essays actively engaging our post-Kantian legacy. Readers will therefore have heightened expectations of Pippin's turn to Hegel's aesthetics, or rather, as he himself signals, the philosophy of art — unlike some he clearly approves of the shift from Kantian questions of aesthetic taste to Romantic speculations on art, indeed on Art as cultural absolute.They will hardly be disappointed. Yet in the event they will find themselves negotiating texts that are at once dense and elliptical, much of the argument being conducted via footnotes, its implications—what it commits the author to in theory and in practice — not evident straightaway. If Hegel's position (so far as one can speak of such a thing, when it is known largely from student notes made over a number of years) is complex, Pippin's turns out to be no less so. While I can hardly do justice to its intricacies, I do consider it both important and controversial, whether as interpretation of Hegel or as an approach to modernist abstraction.
J’avoue, j’ai un compte en Suisse:Étude d’un marqueur parenthétique à la mode
Authors: DELAHAIE JULIETTE 
Published: February 2016

RÉSUMÉJ’avoueapparaît dans des usages peu traditionnels en français parlé contemporain, en incise :Moi j’avoue l’opéra ce n’est pas ma passion, ou bien, notamment dans le langage « jeune », pour exprimer un accord :Tu as vu il fait beau !/ J’avoue. S’agit-il d’un phénomène de mode passager ? Au contraire, on montrera que j’avoue s’inscrit dans des paradigmes linguistiques déjà largement documentés pour d’autres marqueurs commeje penseouje crois. On étudiera ensuite la particularité de ce modalisateur : mettre en scène un ethos humble tout en conférant un nouveau poids aux paroles ainsi avouées.