bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeing things differently: An experimental investigation of social cognition and interpersonal behavior in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Ambwani Suman , Berenson Kathy R. , Simms Lea , Li Amanda , Corfield Freya , Treasure Janet 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveInterpersonal difficulties among individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) may stem in part due to misperceiving social cues. The current study investigated social functioning by comparing interpersonal self‐efficacy, perceptions of dominance/submission (i.e., agency) and coldness/warmth (i.e., communion), and hypothetical behavioral reactions among individuals with and without AN.MethodSeventy‐seven women (AN/Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder OSFED‐AN n = 41, nonclinical comparison group n = 36) completed questionnaires assessing mood symptoms and interpersonal self‐efficacy, followed by an experimental video‐rating task in which they received critical feedback from job supervisors varying in degrees of agency and communion.ResultsAN respondents perceived more coldness overall, even after adjusting for differences in depression and anxiety symptoms, and tended to respond with coldness even to videos that they perceived as being warm. However, perceptual accuracies for agency were similar across groups. Interpersonal self‐efficacy moderated the relationship between diagnostic status and behavioral responses: among those who felt competent being cold‐submissive, AN respondents selected cold‐submissive responses more frequently than did the nonclinical comparison group.DiscussionAmong those with AN symptoms, there may be a tendency toward social perceptual inaccuracies regarding communion and non‐complementary cold behavioral responses. Results suggest that improving social perceptions may be a fruitful intervention target for enhancing interpersonal functioning among individuals with AN. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:499–506).
Weak coordination among petiole, leaf, vein, and gas‐exchange traits across Australian angiosperm species and its possible implications
Authors: Gleason Sean M. , Blackman Chris J. , Chang Yvonne , Cook Alicia M. , Laws Claire A. , Westoby Mark 
Published: December 2015

AbstractClose coordination between leaf gas exchange and maximal hydraulic supply has been reported across diverse plant life forms. However, it has also been suggested that this relationship may become weak or break down completely within the angiosperms. We examined coordination between hydraulic, leaf vein, and gas‐exchange traits across a diverse group of 35 evergreen Australian angiosperms, spanning a large range in leaf structure and habitat. Leaf‐specific conductance was calculated from petiole vessel anatomy and was also measured directly using the rehydration technique. Leaf vein density (thought to be a determinant of gas exchange rate), maximal stomatal conductance, and net CO2 assimilation rate were also measured for most species (n = 19–35). Vein density was not correlated with leaf‐specific conductance (either calculated or measured), stomatal conductance, nor maximal net CO2 assimilation, with r2 values ranging from 0.00 to 0.11, P values from 0.909 to 0.102, and n values from 19 to 35 in all cases. Leaf‐specific conductance calculated from petiole anatomy was weakly correlated with maximal stomatal conductance (r2 = 0.16; P = 0.022; n = 32), whereas the direct measurement of leaf‐specific conductance was weakly correlated with net maximal CO2 assimilation (r2 = 0.21; P = 0.005; n = 35). Calculated leaf‐specific conductance, xylem ultrastructure, and leaf vein density do not appear to be reliable proxy traits for assessing differences in rates of gas exchange or growth across diverse sets of evergreen angiosperms.
Plant functional diversity enhances associations of soil fungal diversity with vegetation and soil in the restoration of semiarid sandy grassland
Authors: Zuo Xiaoan , Wang Shaokun , Lv Peng , Zhou Xin , Zhao Xueyong , Zhang Tonghui , Zhang Jing 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe trait‐based approach shows that plant functional diversity strongly affects ecosystem properties. However, few empirical studies show the relationship between soil fungal diversity and plant functional diversity in natural ecosystems. We investigated soil fungal diversity along a restoration gradient of sandy grassland (mobile dune, semifixed dune, fixed dune, and grassland) in Horqin Sand Land, northern China, using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 18S rRNA and gene sequencing. We also examined associations of soil fungal diversity with plant functional diversity reflected by the dominant species' traits in community (community‐weighted mean, CWM) and the dispersion of functional trait values (FDis). We further used the structure equation model (SEM) to evaluate how plant richness, biomass, functional diversity, and soil properties affect soil fungal diversity in sandy grassland restoration. Soil fungal richness in mobile dune and semifixed dune was markedly lower than those of fixed dune and grassland (P < 0.05). Soil fungal richness was positively associated with plant richness, biomass, CWM plant height, and soil gradient aggregated from the principal component analysis, but SEM results showed that plant richness and CWM plant height determined by soil properties were the main factors exerting direct effects. Soil gradient increased fungal richness through indirect effect on vegetation rather than direct effect. The negative indirect effect of FDis on soil fungal richness was through its effect on plant biomass. Our final SEM model based on plant functional diversity explained nearly 70% variances of soil fungal richness. Strong association of soil fungal richness with the dominant species in the community supported the mass ratio hypothesis. Our results clearly highlight the role of plant functional diversity in enhancing associations of soil fungal diversity with community structure and soil properties in sandy grassland ecosystems.
High richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi and low host specificity in a coastal sand dune ecosystem revealed by network analysis
Authors: Roy‐Bolduc Alice , Laliberté Etienne , Hijri Mohamed 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEctomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are ubiquitous in temperate and boreal forests, comprising over 20,000 species forming root symbiotic associations with Pinaceae and woody angiosperms. As much as 100 different EM fungal species can coexist and interact with the same tree species, forming complex multispecies networks in soils. The degree of host specificity and structural properties of these interaction networks (e.g., nestedness and modularity) may influence plant and fungal community assembly and species coexistence, yet their structure has been little studied in northern coniferous forests, where trees depend on EM fungi for nutrient acquisition. We used high‐throughput sequencing to characterize the composition and diversity of bulk soil and root‐associated fungal communities in four co‐occurring Pinaceae in a relic foredune plain located at Îles de la Madeleine, Québec, Canada. We found high EM fungal richness across the four hosts, with a total of 200 EM operational taxonomic units (OTUs), mainly belonging to the Agaricomycetes. Network analysis revealed an antinested pattern in both bulk soil and roots EM fungal communities. However, there was no detectable modularity (i.e., subgroups of interacting species) in the interaction networks, indicating a low level of specificity in these EM associations. In addition, there were no differences in EM fungal OTU richness or community structure among the four tree species. Limited shared resources and competitive exclusion typically restrict the number of taxa coexisting within the same niche. As such, our finding of high EM fungal richness and low host specificity highlights the need for further studies to determine the mechanisms enabling such a large number of EM fungal species to coexist locally on the same hosts.
Soil–pile–structure interaction: experimental outcomes from shaking table tests
Authors: Durante Maria Giovanna , Di Sarno Luigi , Mylonakis George , Taylor Colin A. , Simonelli Armando Lucio 
Published: December 2015

SummaryAn effective way to study the complex seismic soil‐structure interaction phenomena is to investigate the response of physical scaled models in 1‐g or n‐g laboratory devices. The outcomes of an extensive experimental campaign carried out on scaled models by means of the shaking table of the Bristol Laboratory for Advanced Dynamics Engineering, University of Bristol, UK, are discussed in the present paper. The experimental model comprises an oscillator connected to a single or a group of piles embedded in a bi‐layer deposit. Different pile head conditions, that is free head and fixed head, several dynamic properties of the structure, including different masses at the top of the single degree of freedom system, excited by various input motions, e.g. white noise, sinedwells and natural earthquake strong motions recorded in Italy, have been tested. In the present work, the modal dynamic response of the soil–pile–structure system is assessed in terms of period elongation and system damping ratio. Furthermore, the effects of oscillator mass and pile head conditions on soil–pile response have been highlighted, when the harmonic input motions are considered. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blocking negative influential node set in social networks: from host perspective
Authors: Kaur Harneet , He Jing (Selena) 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNowadays, social networks are considered as the very important medium for the spreading of information, innovations, ideas and influences among individuals. Viral marketing is a most prominent marketing strategy using word‐of‐mouth advertising in social networks. The key problem with the viral marketing is to find the set of influential users or seeds, who, when convinced to adopt an innovation or idea, shall influence other users in the network, leading to a large number of adoptions. In this study, we study the competitive viral marketing problem from host perspective, where the host of the social network (such as Facebook, Twitter, etc.) sells the viral marketing campaigns to its customers and keeps control of the allocation of seeds. Seeds are allocated by creating ‘bang for the buck’ for each company. In this paper, we first propose a new influence diffusion model considering both negative and positive influences. Subsequently, we propose a novel optimization problem, named Blocking Negative Influential Node Set (BNINS) selection problem, to identify the positive node set (seeds) such that the number of negatively activated nodes is minimised for all competitors. Finally, we proposed a greedy algorithm called BNINS‐GREEDY to solve BNINS and conducted comprehensive experiments and simulations to validate the proposed method. The results show that, for random graphs, on average, BNINS‐GREEDY blocks the negative influence 17.22 per cent more than the most related work called Competitive Linear Directed Acyclic Graph. Moreover, on the real Epinions dataset, BNINS‐GREEDY achieves 7.6 per cent more positive influence propagation than Competitive Linear Directed Acyclic Graph. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and release behaviour of the inclusion complexes of phenylethanol with β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Yang Zujin , Yao Xingdong , Xiao Zuobing , Chen Hongyan , Ji Hongbing 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe formation of the inclusion complexes between two phenylethanol isomers [1‐phenylethanol (1‐PE) and 2‐PE)] and three cyclodextrins namely α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD), β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and HP‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) was studied. Phase‐solubility studies showed the two isomers formed 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complexes with these cyclodextrins and the aqueous solubility of 1‐PE and 2‐PE significantly increased with increasing the cyclodextrin concentration. In this study, β‐CD was chosen as a host molecule, and solid inclusion complexes of β‐CD with two phenylethanol isomers were prepared via the co‐precipitation method for the enhancement of their thermal stability and sustained release. The presence of the two isomers in the inclusion complexes was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectra. X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) results indicated new crystalline phases for the inclusion complexes. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies for the inclusion complexes have also shown the formation of supramolecular inclusion complexes between β‐CD and the two isomers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrated that the thermal stability of the two isomers was increased as a result of the formation of the inclusion complexation with β‐CD. The release study suggested that β‐CD provided protection for 1‐PE and 2‐PE against evaporation, and 1‐PE in the inclusion complex had a lower release rate than that of 2‐PE. The results have been confirmed with PM3 and B3LYP/6‐31G(d) calculation. It indicates that β‐CD is a proper wall material for increasing thermal stability and the controlled release of 1‐PE and 2‐PE. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Polo‐like kinase 1 as a potential therapeutic target in Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Kadletz Lorenz , Bigenzahn Johannes , Thurnher Dietmar , Stanisz Isabella , Erovic Boban M. , Schneider Sven , Schmid Rainer , Seemann Rudolf , Birner Peter , Heiduschka Gregor 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy of the skin. Treatment options for MCC include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the expression of Polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) in MCC and the role of the inhibitor, BI2536, as a potential therapeutic option in MCC.MethodsPLK1 expression was assessed in tissue samples from 28 patients with MCC and 5 healthy skin samples via immunohistochemistry and furthermore in the 2 MCC cell lines, MCC13 and MCC26, via immunoblotting. The impact of increasing doses of BI2536 alone and in combination with cisplatin or irradiation on cell viability was measured using the CCK‐8 assay. Colony forming assays were performed to evaluate long‐term effects of combination treatments. Additionally, the induction of apoptotic cell death was measured via flow cytometry.ResultsPLK1 is moderately to strongly expressed in 75% of the patients with MCC. The PLK1 inhibitor, BI2536, demonstrated marked inhibition of cell proliferation with IC50 in the low nM range (from 10.07–12.39 nM). Furthermore, BI2536 induces apoptosis in MCC cell lines and acts synergistically in combination with irradiation and cisplatin.ConclusionBecause of the marked upregulation of PLK1 in MCC tumor samples and potent inhibition of cell proliferation using a specific clinically available inhibitor, targeting of PLK1 qualifies as a potential novel therapeutic strategy in MCC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1918–E1925, 2016
Mechanistic Population Pharmacokinetics of Morphine in Neonates With Abstinence Syndrome After Oral Administration of Diluted Tincture of Opium
Authors: Liu Tao , Lewis Tamorah , Gauda Estelle , Gobburu Jogarao , Ivaturi Vijay 
Published: December 2015

AbstractConducting and analyzing clinical trials in vulnerable neonates are extremely challenging. The aim of this analysis is to develop a morphine population pharmacokinetics (PK) model using data collected during a randomized control trial in neonates with abstinence syndrome (NAS). A 3‐compartment morphine structural PK model after intravenous (IV) administration from previously published work was utilized as prior, whereas an allometric scaling method with physiological consideration was used to extrapolate a PK profile from adults to pediatrics. The absorption rate constant and bioavailability were estimated in NAS after oral administration of diluted tincture of opium (DTO). Goodness‐of‐fit plots along with normalized prediction distribution error and bootstrap method were performed for model evaluation. We successfully extrapolated the PK profile from adults to pediatrics after IV administration. The estimated first‐order absorption rate constant and bioavailability were 0.751 hour−1 and 48.5%, respectively. Model evaluations showed that the model can accurately and precisely describe the observed data. The population pharmacokinetic model we derived for morphine after oral administration of DTO is reasonable and acceptable; therefore, it can be used to describe the PK and guide future studies. The integration of the previous population PK knowledge as prior information successfully overcomes the logistic and practical issue in vulnerable neonate population.
Theophylline Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing in Children Following Congenital Heart Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Frymoyer Adam , Su Felice , Grimm Paul C. , Sutherland Scott M. , Axelrod David M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractChildren undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) frequently develop acute kidney injury due to renal ischemia. Theophylline, which improves renal perfusion via adenosine receptor inhibition, is a potential targeted therapy. However, children undergoing cardiac surgery and CPB commonly have alterations in drug pharmacokinetics. To help understand optimal aminophylline (salt formulation of theophylline) dosing strategies in this population, a population‐based pharmacokinetic model was developed using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling (NONMEM) from 71 children (median age 5 months; 90% range 1 week to 10 years) who underwent cardiac surgery requiring CPB and received aminophylline as part of a previous randomized controlled trial. A 1‐compartment model with linear elimination adequately described the pharmacokinetics of theophylline. Weight scaled via allometry was a significant predictor of clearance and volume. In addition, allometric scaled clearance increased with age implemented as a power maturation function. Compared to prior reports in noncardiac children, theophylline clearance was markedly reduced across age. In the final population pharmacokinetic model, optimized empiric dosing regimens were developed via Monte Carlo simulations. Doses 50% to 75% lower than those recommended in noncardiac children were needed to achieve target serum concentrations of 5 to 10 mg/L.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Metformin in Healthy Elderly Subjects
Authors: Jang Kyungho , Chung Hyewon , Yoon Jang‐soo , Moon Seol‐Joo , Yoon Seo Hyun , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Kim Kwangil , Chung Jae‐Yong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAge‐related physiological changes are known to alter the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of drugs. Metformin is commonly used as first‐line medication for management of diabetes in elderly patients. However, the PK and PD of metformin have not been sufficiently studied in elderly subjects. Here, 12 elderly subjects, aged 65 to 85 years, and 20 younger healthy volunteers were orally administered 750 mg of metformin 2 hours after dinner, followed by administration of a second dose (500 mg) 12 hours later. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed 2 hours after the second dose, with 75 g of glucose administered. Blood samples were collected at specific time points after the second metformin dose for the assessment of PK and the glucose‐lowering effect of metformin. Elderly subjects exhibited 1.7 and 2.0 times higher average Cmax and AUC∞ than the younger subjects, respectively (P = .007 and .001, respectively), and t1/2 was comparable between the elderly and younger subjects. However, relative glucose level changes from baseline after metformin administration tended to be lower in elderly subjects. Systemic exposure to metformin was elevated by 50% or more in elderly subjects, whereas the glucose‐lowering effect was similar compared to younger subjects after 2 doses of metformin.
Human digestion – a processing perspective
Authors: Boland Mike 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe human digestive system is reviewed in the context of a process with four major unit operations: oral processing to reduce particle size and produce a bolus; gastric processing to initiate chemical and enzymatic breakdown; small intestinal processing to break down macromolecules and absorb nutrients; and fermentation and water removal in the colon. Topics are highlighted about which we need to know more, including effects of aging and dentition on particle size in the bolus, effects of different patterns of food and beverage intake on nutrition, changes in saliva production and composition, mechanical effects of gastric processing, distribution of pH in the stomach, physicochemical and enzymatic effects on nutrient availability and uptake in the small intestine, and the composition, effects of and changes in the microbiota of the colon. Current topics of interest including food synergy, gut–brain interactions, nutritional phenotype and digestion in the elderly are considered. Finally, opportunities for food design based on an understanding of digestive processing are discussed. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Treatment of facial photodamage and rhytides using a novel 1,565 nm non‐ablative fractional erbium‐doped fiber laser
Authors: Friedmann Daniel P. , Tzu Julia E. , Kauvar Arielle N.B. , Goldman Mitchel P. 
Published: December 2015

Background and ObjectiveNon‐ablative fractional lasers (NAFL) generate microscopic non‐contiguous columns of thermal injury in the dermis, resulting in collagen remodeling. This manuscript details our experience with a novel 1,565 nm scanned, erbium‐doped fiber NAFL for the treatment of facial photodamage.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA prospective, open‐label clinical trial was conducted at two clinical sites in the United States on 16 female subjects with a mean age of 49.6 years, Fitzpatrick skin types II to IV, and a baseline Fitzpatrick–Goldman Wrinkle and Elastosis Score (FGWES) of 3–6. Each subject received three treatments at 4–5 week intervals with follow‐up assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months after the last treatment.ResultsThe mean FGWES demonstrated a statistically significant decrease from baseline both at 3 months (−0.58 ± 0.23, P = 0.02) and 6 months (−0.66 ± 0.22, P = 0.008) after the last treatment. Fifty percent (95%CI [24.21%, 68.49%]) of subjects showed a significant (at least 1 grade) improvement in FGWES from baseline at 3‐month follow‐up. At least 72% of subjects perceived the results as “moderate” to “very good” at 3 months post‐treatment, with comparable satisfaction rates. Treatments were not associated with a high level of pain or discomfort and typical downtime was less than 2 days. No unexpected adverse events or serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionThe 1,565 nm erbium‐doped scanned NAFL is an effective treatment for facial wrinkles with a favorable recovery and side effect profile. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:174–180, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.