bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
#Sleepyteens: Social media use in adolescence is associated with poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and low self‐esteem
Authors: Woods Heather Cleland , Scott Holly 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThis study examined how social media use related to sleep quality, self‐esteem, anxiety and depression in 467 Scottish adolescents. We measured overall social media use, nighttime‐specific social media use, emotional investment in social media, sleep quality, self‐esteem and levels of anxiety and depression. Adolescents who used social media more – both overall and at night – and those who were more emotionally invested in social media experienced poorer sleep quality, lower self‐esteem and higher levels of anxiety and depression. Nighttime‐specific social media use predicted poorer sleep quality after controlling for anxiety, depression and self‐esteem. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that social media use is related to various aspects of wellbeing in adolescents. In addition, our results indicate that nighttime‐specific social media use and emotional investment in social media are two important factors that merit further investigation in relation to adolescent sleep and wellbeing.
Her Majesty's Justice Be Done: Métis Legal Mobilization and the Pitfalls to Indigenous Political Movement Building
Authors: Voth Daniel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIndigenous peoples have, to varying degrees, turned to the courts to litigate their ongoing disputes with Canada's settler colonial governments. Scholars have examined well the ways courts are used for strategic political ends by a variety of Indigenous and non-Indigenous litigants and are laden with settler values and institutional logics that are foreign to Indigenous peoples. However, it is less clear what effect turning to the courts in pursuit of strategic goals has on specific relationships between Indigenous peoples. This gap is more pronounced in Métis scholarship where there have been few final appellate cases. This paper argues the interaction between the Manitoba Métis Federation and Treaty 1 peoples seeking leave to intervene at the Manitoba Court of Appeal inMMF v. Canadailluminates the way litigating Indigenous-settler disputes can advance divisive, exclusionary, zero-sum political relationships between Indigenous peoples. These fractious interactions serve to undermine the construction of a co-ordinated and related inter-Indigenous decolonizing politics.
NEW DIRECTIONS FOR HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN EASTERN AFRICA?
Authors: LANE PAUL J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRecent years have seen growth in the number of historical archaeology studies in Eastern Africa. Combining critical analysis of material remains alongside the available documentary and oral sources, these offer new insights into the precolonial and colonial pasts of the region. However, the field is less well established than in either West or Southern Africa and the full potential of the subdiscipline has yet to be realised. This contribution reviews the main analytical and theoretical trends, drawing on a selection of examples. Several other research themes that might warrant investigation are also identified, and the general lack of engagement with material culture and the archaeology of the last few hundred years on the part of historians, is lamented.
The Denouncers: Populism and the Press in Venezuela
Authors: SAMET ROBERT 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDespite recent attention to the relationship between the media and populist mobilisation in Latin America, there is a misfit between the everyday practices of journalists and the theoretical tools that we have for making sense of these practices. The objective of this article is to help reorient research on populism and the press in Latin America so that it better reflects the grounded practices and autochthonous norms of the region. To that end, I turn to the case of Venezuela, and a practice that has been largely escaped attention from scholars – the use of denuncias.
Pointwise multipliers for Campanato spaces on Gauss measure spaces
Authors: Liu Liguang , Yang Dachun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the authors characterize pointwise multipliers for Campanato spaces on the Gauss measure space (ℝn,| · |,γ), which includes BMO(γ) as a special case. As applications, several examples of the pointwise multipliers are given. Also, the authors give an example of a nonnegative function in BMO(γ) but not in BLO(γ).
Elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis in Iran: past history and the current situation
Authors: KHADEMVATAN SHAHRAM , SALMANZADEH SHOKROLLAH , FOROUTAN-RAD MASOUD , GHOMESHI MOHAMMAD 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYIn recent years, through a national programme for schistosomiasis control, this infection has been eliminated from Iran. The aim of this study was to report the process of significant decrease of urogenital schistosomiasis in southwestern Iran. During national programme surveillance for urogenital schistosomiasis control which was implemented by Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of Khuzestan province from 1975 to 2013, more than 1·3 million urine samples were taken from inhabitants of high risk foci. All urine samples were gathered between 10:00 a.m and 02:00 p.m and, after centrifuging, specimens were tested under optical microscope in order to detectSchistosoma haematobiumeggs. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 18 software. In this retrospective study significant reduction was seen in number of infections between 1975 and 2013. During the years 1975–1980, 1981–1990 and 1991–2000 there were 1582, 761 and 79 cases ofS. haematobium, respectively. In 2001 only one case was reported from Ahvaz and indeed this was the last case of urogenital schistosomiasis in Khuzestan and of course, in Iran. Prevalence from 1·064% between 1975 and 1980 slumped to 0% in 2012–2013. During several projects for surveillance of urogenital schistosomiasis, selective population chemotherapy, snail control, population education, environmental improvement, etc were carried out throughout the surveillance period. According to elimination ofS. haematobiumin Khuzestan province, the only endemic region of Iran, control of disease, especially the campaign with intermediate host snails should be continued. Iran can be a successful model for countries suffering from this disease.
Genetic diversity of Bartonella genotypes found in the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) in Central Europe
Authors: KRALJIK JASNA , PAZIEWSKA-HARRIS ANNA , MIKLISOVÁ DANA , BLAŇAROVÁ LUCIA , MOŠANSKÝ LADISLAV , BONA MARTIN , STANKO MICHAL 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYWe investigated the diversity of Bartonella in Apodemus agrarius, an important rodent of peri-domestic habitats, which has spread into Europe in the past 1000 years. Spleen samples of 344 A. agrarius from Eastern Slovakia were screened for the presence of Bartonella spp. using 16S–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer region and bacteria were detected in 9% of rodents. Based on sequencing of three housekeeping genes (gltA, rpoB and groEL) Bartonella genotypes were ascribed to the species typical for mice and voles: B. grahamii, B. taylorii and B. birtlesii. However, the study also confirmed presence of genotypes belonging to the B. clarridgeiae/B. rochalimae clade, and the B. elizabethae/B. tribocorum clade, which are not commonly found in woodland rodents. In addition, a potential recombination event between these two genotypes was noted, which highlights an important role of A. agrarius in shaping Bartonella diversity and evolution.
Closeness to singularities of manipulators based on geometric average normalized volume spanned by weighted screws
Authors: Bu Wanghui 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYIn order to prevent robot manipulators from reaching singularities, the “distance” from the current configuration to a singular configuration should be measured. This paper presents a novel metric based on geometric average normalized volume spanned by weighted screws to measure closeness to singularities for both serial and parallel manipulators. The weighted screws are proposed to reinterpret the physical meaning of twists and wrenches, so the problem of inconsistent dimensions in the dot product of screws has been eliminated. Compared with other existing methods, the proposed metric can obtain an identical result for similar manipulators with different sizes. Furthermore, the metric is independent of the selection of base screws, which is very suitable for the overconstrained or lower mobility parallel manipulator whose base screws are not uniquely definite. Besides, the geometrical meaning of the metric is related to the dimensionless volume of a high dimensional polyhedron, and hence the metric is insensitive to screw magnitude.
A novel variable stiffness mechanism with linear spring characteristic for machining operations
Authors: Vuong Ngoc-Dung , Li Renjun , Chew Chee-Meng , Jafari Amir , Polden Joseph 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYVariable stiffness mechanisms are able to mechanically reconfigure themselves in order to adjust their system stiffness. It is generally accepted that only antagonistic designs, featuring quadratic springs, can produce linear spring-like behaviour (i.e., a linear relationship between the displacement and its resultant force). However, these antagonistic designs typically are not as energy efficient as series-based designs. In this work, we propose a novel variable stiffness mechanism that can achieve both linear-spring behaviour whilst maintaining an energy efficient characteristic. This paper will present the working principle, mechanical design and characterization of the joints stiffness properties (verified via experimental procedure). The pros and cons of this novel design with reference to the other Variable Stiffness Actuator (VSA) designs will be discussed based on experimental results and in the context of general machining tasks.
Photosynthesis, foliage development and productivity of Sitka spruce
Authors: Cannell M. G. R. 
Published: June 2016

SynopsisYoung Sitka spruce trees grow slowly, compared with poplar for instance, because of lower photosynthetic rates and slower rates of leaf area production. On the other hand, the canopies of Sitka spruce stands have structural and photosynthetic properties which make them very productive. Both the slow growth of young trees, and the high productivities of closed stands, can be attributed to the needle habit.
Glacier sediment plumes in small bays on the Danco Coast, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Rodrigo Cristian , Giglio Susana , Varas Andres 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGlacimarine sedimentary environments provide information about climate and oceanographic evolution in the Antarctic Peninsula. This study focuses on the generation of sediment plumes from glaciers. In February 2013 and 2014, two Chilean Antarctic Institute (INACH) Scientific Expeditions were carried out on board the Chilean Navy vessel Aquiles. Five relatively small bays were visited: Curtiss Bay, Recess Cove, Beaupre Cove, Paradise Harbour/Oscar Cove and Salvesen bay. Hydrography and turbidity profiling was carried out up to 100 m depth using an SBE19 Plus-V2 CTD-T. In general, the results showed sediment plumes at two levels: an upper plume from the surface up to 10 m deep and a deeper plume at 40–100 m. These plumes were identified by higher turbidity concentrations and their association with colder water tongues. The deeper plume tended to remain below the 1027.5 kg m-3 isopycnal and extended ~4 km from the glacier, maintaining its shape with a gradually decreasing particle concentration. This longitudinal extension was favoured by ebb tides. The characteristics of the sediment plumes may be influenced by the heat input from water masses. The contribution of the sediments from these small bay systems could play an important role in regional sedimentary processes.
Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines Stressbewältigungsprogramms für Studierende im Hochschulsetting
Authors: Seidl Marie-Hélène , Limberger Matthias F. , Ebner-Priemer Ulrich W. 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung. Nicht erst seit den Studierendenprotesten werden die Themen Stress und Belastung an Universitäten mannigfaltig thematisiert. Im Gegensatz zur enormen Bedeutung ist die Anzahl der evaluierten Stresstrainings, die speziell für Studierende entwickelt wurden, bestenfalls überschaubar. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, ein auf die Bedürfnisse der Studierenden zugeschnittenes multimodales Stressbewältigungsprogramm zu entwickeln und auf seine Wirksamkeit zu überprüfen. Die Evaluierung des siebenwöchigen Trainings erfolgte durch ein randomisiertes Wartelisten-Kontrollgruppendesign an 63 Studierenden. Insgesamt zeigt sich eine deutliche Verbesserung (signifikante Interaktion Gruppe*Zeit) bezüglich einer Vielzahl gesundheitsrelevanter Parameter: Stressbelastung, Prüfungsangst, psychosomatische Beschwerden, depressive Symptomatik, Perfektionismus, Selbstwert, Erholungsfähigkeit, Beanspruchungs-Erholungs-Bilanz und Selbstmanagementfähigkeiten/Ressourcen. Zusammenfassend erscheint das Trainingsprogramm, mit seiner innovativen zielgruppenspezifischen Konzeption, als erfolgsversprechender Baustein einer präventiven Gesundheitsförderung im Hochschulsetting.
Mysm1 is required for interferon regulatory factor expression in maintaining HSC quiescence and thymocyte development
Authors: Huang X F , Nandakumar V , Tumurkhuu G , Wang T , jiang X , Hong B , Jones L , Won H , Yoshii H , Ozato K , Masumi A , Chen S-Y 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMysm1−/− mice have severely decreased cellularity in hematopoietic organs. We previously revealed that Mysm1 knockout impairs self-renewal and lineage reconstitution of HSCs by abolishing the recruitment of key transcriptional factors to the Gfi-1 locus, an intrinsic regulator of HSC function. The present study further defines a large LSKs in >8-week-old Mysm1−/− mice that exhibit increased proliferation and reduced cell lineage differentiation compared with those of WT LSKs. We found that IRF2 and IRF8, which are important for HSC homeostasis and commitment as transcription repressors, were expressed at lower levels in Mysm1−/− HSCs, and Mysm1 enhanced function of the IRF2 and IRF8 promoters, suggesting that Mysm1 governs the IRFs for HSC homeostasis. We further found that the lower expressions of IRF2 and IRF8 led to an enhanced transcription of p53 in Mysm1−/− HSCs, which was recently defined to have an important role in mediating Mysm1−/−-associated defects. The study also revealed that Mysm1−/− thymocytes exhibited lower IRF2 expression, but had higher Sca1 expression, which has a role in mediating thymocyte death. Furthermore, we found that the thymocytes from B16 melanoma-bearing mice, which display severe thymus atrophy at late tumor stages, exhibited reduced Mysm1 and IRF2 expression but enhanced Sca1 expression, suggesting that tumors may downregulate Mysm1 and IRF2 for thymic T-cell elimination.
Regulation of alternative splicing of Bcl-x by BC200 contributes to breast cancer pathogenesis
Authors: Singh R , Gupta S C , Peng W-X , Zhou N , Pochampally R , Atfi A , Watabe K , Lu Z , Mo Y-Y 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBC200 is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that has been implicated in the regulation of protein synthesis, yet whether dysregulation of BC200 contributes to the pathogenesis of human diseases remains elusive. In this study, we show that BC200 is upregulated in breast cancer; among breast tumor specimens there is a higher level of BC200 in estrogen receptor (ER) positive than in ER-negative tumors. Further experiments show that activation of estrogen signaling induces expression of BC200. To determine the significance of ER-regulated BC200 expression, we knockout (KO) BC200 by CRISPR/Cas9. BC200 KO suppresses tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo by expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-xS isoform. Mechanistically, BC200 contains a 17-nucleotide sequence complementary to Bcl-x pre-mRNA, which may facilitate its binding to Bcl-x pre-mRNA and recruitment of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1, a known splicing factor. Consequently, hnRNP A2/B1 interferes with association of Bcl-x pre-mRNA with the Bcl-xS-promoting factor Sam68, leading to a blockade of Bcl-xS expression. Together, these results suggest that BC200 plays an oncogenic role in breast cancer. Thus, BC200 may serve as a prognostic marker and possible target for attenuating deregulated cell proliferation in estrogen-dependent breast cancer.
Golgi-localized STELLO proteins regulate the assembly and trafficking of cellulose synthase complexes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Yi , Nikolovski Nino , Sorieul Mathias , Vellosillo Tamara , McFarlane Heather E. , Dupree Ray , Kesten Christopher , Schneider René , Driemeier Carlos , Lathe Rahul , Lampugnani Edwin , Yu Xiaolan , Ivakov Alexander , Doblin Monika S. , Mortimer Jenny C. , Brown Steven P. , Persson Staffan , Dupree Paul 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAs the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, cellulose is a key structural component of the plant cell wall. Cellulose is produced at the plasma membrane by cellulose synthase (CesA) complexes (CSCs), which are assembled in the endomembrane system and trafficked to the plasma membrane. While several proteins that affect CesA activity have been identified, components that regulate CSC assembly and trafficking remain unknown. Here we show that STELLO1 and 2 are Golgi-localized proteins that can interact with CesAs and control cellulose quantity. In the absence of STELLO function, the spatial distribution within the Golgi, secretion and activity of the CSCs are impaired indicating a central role of the STELLO proteins in CSC assembly. Point mutations in the predicted catalytic domains of the STELLO proteins indicate that they are glycosyltransferases facing the Golgi lumen. Hence, we have uncovered proteins that regulate CSC assembly in the plant Golgi apparatus.
A stable room-temperature sodium–sulfur battery
Authors: Wei Shuya , Xu Shaomao , Agrawral Akanksha , Choudhury Snehashis , Lu Yingying , Tu Zhengyuan , Ma Lin , Archer Lynden A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHigh-energy rechargeable batteries based on earth-abundant materials are important for mobile and stationary storage technologies. Rechargeable sodium–sulfur batteries able to operate stably at room temperature are among the most sought-after platforms because such cells take advantage of a two-electron-redox process to achieve high storage capacity from inexpensive electrode materials. Here we report a room-temperature sodium–sulfur battery that uses a microporous carbon–sulfur composite cathode, and a liquid carbonate electrolyte containing the ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium-chlorate tethered to SiO2 nanoparticles. We show that these cells can cycle stably at a rate of 0.5 C (1 C=1675, mAh g−1) with 600 mAh g−1 reversible capacity and nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency. By means of spectroscopic and electrochemical analysis, we find that the particles form a sodium-ion conductive film on the anode, which stabilizes deposition of sodium. We also find that sulfur remains interred in the carbon pores and undergo solid-state electrochemical reactions with sodium ions.
Inhibition of herpes simplex virus 1 gene expression and replication by RNase P-associated external guide sequences
Authors: Liu Jin , Shao Luyao , Trang Phong , Yang Zhu , Reeves Michael , Sun Xu , Vu Gia-Phong , Wang Yu , Li Hongjian , Zheng Congyi , Lu Sangwei , Liu Fenyong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn external guide sequence (EGS) is a RNA sequence which can interact with a target mRNA to form a tertiary structure like a pre-tRNA and recruit intracellular ribonuclease P (RNase P), a tRNA processing enzyme, to degrade target mRNA. Previously, an in vitro selection procedure has been used by us to engineer new EGSs that are more robust in inducing human RNase P to cleave their targeted mRNAs. In this study, we constructed EGSs from a variant to target the mRNA encoding herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) major transcription regulator ICP4, which is essential for the expression of viral early and late genes and viral growth. The EGS variant induced human RNase P cleavage of ICP4 mRNA sequence 60 times better than the EGS generated from a natural pre-tRNA. A decrease of about 97% and 75% in the level of ICP4 gene expression and an inhibition of about 7,000- and 500-fold in viral growth were observed in HSV infected cells expressing the variant and the pre-tRNA-derived EGS, respectively. This study shows that engineered EGSs can inhibit HSV-1 gene expression and viral growth. Furthermore, these results demonstrate the potential for engineered EGS RNAs to be developed and used as anti-HSV therapeutics.
Engineered disorder and light propagation in a planar photonic glass
Authors: Romanov Sergei G. , Orlov Sergej , Ploss Daniel , Weiss Clemens K. , Vogel Nicolas , Peschel Ulf 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe interaction of light with matter strongly depends on the structure of the latter at wavelength scale. Ordered systems interact with light via collective modes, giving rise to diffraction. In contrast, completely disordered systems are dominated by Mie resonances of individual particles and random scattering. However, less clear is the transition regime in between these two extremes, where diffraction, Mie resonances and near-field interaction between individual scatterers interplay. Here, we probe this transitional regime by creating colloidal crystals with controlled disorder from two-dimensional self-assembly of bidisperse spheres. Choosing the particle size in a way that the small particles are transparent in the spectral region of interest enables us to probe in detail the effect of increasing positional disorder on the optical properties of the large spheres. With increasing disorder a transition from a collective optical response characterized by diffractive resonances to single particles scattering represented by Mie resonances occurs. In between these extremes, we identify an intermediate, hopping-like light transport regime mediated by resonant interactions between individual spheres. These results suggest that different levels of disorder, characterized not only by absence of long range order but also by differences in short-range correlation and interparticle distance, exist in colloidal glasses.
Optical control of filamentation-induced damage to DNA by intense, ultrashort, near-infrared laser pulses
Authors: Dharmadhikari J. A. , Dharmadhikari A. K. , Kasuba K. C. , Bharambe H. , D’Souza J. S. , Rathod K. D. , Mathur D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report on damage to DNA in an aqueous medium induced by ultrashort pulses of intense laser light of 800 nm wavelength. Focusing of such pulses, using lenses of various focal lengths, induces plasma formation within the aqueous medium. Such plasma can have a spatial extent that is far in excess of the Rayleigh range. In the case of water, the resulting ionization and dissociation gives rise to in situ generation of low-energy electrons and OH-radicals. Interactions of these with plasmid DNA produce nicks in the DNA backbone: single strand breaks (SSBs) are induced as are, at higher laser intensities, double strand breaks (DSBs). Under physiological conditions, the latter are not readily amenable to repair. Systematic quantification of SSBs and DSBs at different values of incident laser energy and under different external focusing conditions reveals that damage occurs in two distinct regimes. Numerical aperture is the experimental handle that delineates the two regimes, permitting simple optical control over the extent of DNA damage.