bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Entering Stock, Migration Dynamics and Fish Pass Fidelity of European Eel in the Belgian Meuse River
Authors: Nzau Matondo B. , Benitez J. P. , Dierckx A. , Philippart J. C. , Ovidio M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMigration dynamics of incoming eels in Belgium via Lixhe in the Meuse River were investigated using two fish passes with different configurations—net traps and automatic detection stations—as tools to distinguish resident and migrating eels. From April to September 2013, 435 eels (P50 length, 403 mm; range, 196–836 mm) were caught (daily maxima catch, 90 eels per day), 90% between 13 June and 1 August (50 days) and P50 on 19 July. Eels migrated mostly at 19–26 °C (P50, 24.4 °C), river discharge 65–314 m3 s−1 (P50, 84 m3 s−1), during the dark at 00:00–05:00 h and during both the waxing and waning phases of moonlight. From 396 eels tagged and released 0.3 km downstream of the Lixhe dam, 6.8% of them were recaptured, and 37.4% were detected. Migration flux was estimated at 7184 eels (0.863 t) using the mark‐recapture method and decreased to 1156 eels (0.139 t) using automatic transponder detection. Most eels probably migrated through a sluice located downstream of Lixhe to reach the upper Meuse via the Albert Canal. Eels moved almost independently to the configuration of the fish passes and their location, but most eels displayed fidelity to the fish pass where they were captured. Migrant eels showed a wide range of size and life stages, with a higher proportion of eels (80%) belonging to the yellow eel stage. A lower proportion of eels (6%) had a larger size and presented an advanced continental silvering process corresponding to the migrating stage before their transatlantic migration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomic‐scale characterization of the equilibrium β phase in Mg‐Nd‐Y alloy by means of HAADF‐STEM
Authors: Zheng Jingxu , Chen Bin 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe β phase in Mg‐Nd‐Y alloy, which forms during isothermal ageing, is proved to be Mg41Nd5 by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) results as compositional evidence and by atomic‐scaled high angle annular dark field–scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) direct images from [001]β, , and as structural evidence. SCANNING 38:743–746, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perfect undetectability of network steganography
Authors: Frączek Wojciech , Szczypiorski Krzysztof 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe paper presents StegBlocks, which defines a new concept for performing undetectable hidden communication. StegBlocks is a general approach for constructing methods of network steganography. In StegBlocks, one has to determine objects with defined properties, which will be used to transfer hidden messages. The objects are dependent on a specific network protocol (or application) used as a carrier for a given network steganography method. Moreover, the paper presents the approach to perfect undetectability of network steganography, which was developed based on the rules of undetectability for general steganography. The approach to undetectability of network steganography was used to show the possibility of developing perfectly undetectable network steganography methods using the StegBlocks concept. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Literacy Notebooks in Kindergarten
Authors: Harrison Kelly 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWhat better place for young little minds who are full of energy and eager to soak up as much information as possible than a notebook for them to collect their new learning and thoughts? What is it about notebooks that makes writing and learning fun? I wanted to experience the magical feeling that notebooks create with my students–hence, the literacy notebook was born in my classroom! The literacy notebook consists of four different sections: reading, writing, poems/songs, and vocabulary that are marked with colored tabs. Literacy notebooks have made a world of change in my classroom. Students are confident in reading text and love looking back at the work they've done. If you're looking to change the dynamic of your literacy block, literacy notebooks might be the change you are looking for!
Beyond The Lorax
Authors: Boggs George L. , Wilson Nance S. , Ackland Robert T. , Danna Stephen , Grant Kathy B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFive teacher educators discuss children's literature addressing Earth's changing climate. They present tools for evaluating the quality of resources likely to help teachers and students stimulate conceptual and emotional development rather than anxiety or oversimplification. An annotated selection of current books along with a checklist to evaluate children's literature oriented toward issues of climate change is presented to help teachers choose appropriate literature for facilitating students’ development of scientifically, socially, and ecologically responsible thinking and decision‐making.
The Baldwin rules: revised and extended
Authors: Gilmore Kerry , Mohamed Rana K. , Alabugin Igor V. 
Published: April 2016

The Baldwin rules constitute one of the clearest examples of the success which can be obtained through the application of stereoelectronic concepts to reaction design. With thousands of examples, the predictive power of these rules is inarguable. However, time has revealed a number of exceptions and gray areas within these rules, leading to extensions and revisions. In this review, we will present an overview of how subsequent studies of ring closure have clashed with several of Baldwin's predictions, leading to the revision of some classes of ring closure (alkyne cyclizations, electrophilic closures, etc.). We also discuss for which the original rules were vague (epoxides) or absent (promoted cyclizations), and the evidence revealed since Baldwin's work that has allowed for a better understanding of these ambiguities. With the concise summation of these amendments, this review aims to present an overview of the understanding of cyclization reactions to date. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:487–514. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1261This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
What is in a “common” name? A call for consistent terminology for nonnative Sus scrofa
Authors: Keiter David A. , Mayer John J. , Beasley James C. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTSus scrofa is both a destructive invasive species and a popular game animal in many parts of the world, but there is a lack of consistency and accuracy in how scientists and wildlife managers refer to wild‐living members of the species. The growing importance of this invasive species necessitates that scientists, managers, and policy‐makers standardize use of a common name in a taxonomically accurate manner to effectively communicate to the general public and scientific community. In this commentary, we discuss the current terminology used for S. scrofa and, based upon the history of introductions of this species, propose that these animals be referred to as wild pigs within their introduced range unless it is known that the population consists of genetically pure wild boar or domestic pigs that have recently been released and become feral. Use of the term “wild pig” should reduce the potential to misclassify populations as a result of genetic introgression and evolution following release. Furthermore, we recommend that, when appropriate, the terms “nonnative” or “invasive” be included to describe wild pigs in their introduced range to emphasize their negative impacts on natural and anthropogenic environments. The effective control of wild pig populations considered to be invasive will require informed public support and sound scientific management, necessitating clear communication about this species among the research community, wildlife managers, and the general public. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
The 2-alkyl-2H-indazole regioisomers of synthetic cannabinoids AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, AB-PINACA, and 5F-AB-PINACA are possible manufacturing impurities with cannabimimetic activities
Authors: Longworth Mitchell , Banister Samuel D. , Mack James B. C. , Glass Michelle , Connor Mark , Kassiou Michael 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Indazole-derived synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) featuring an alkyl substituent at the 1-position and l-valinamide at the 3-carboxamide position (e.g., AB-CHMINACA) have been identified by forensic chemists around the world, and are associated with serious adverse health effects. Regioisomerism is possible for indazole SCs, with the 2-alkyl-2H-indazole regioisomer of AB-CHMINACA recently identified in SC products in Japan. It is unknown whether this regiosiomer represents a manufacturing impurity arising as a synthetic byproduct, or was intentionally synthesized as a cannabimimetic agent. This study reports the synthesis, analytical characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of commonly encountered indazole SCs AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, AB-PINACA, 5F-AB-PINACA and their corresponding 2-alkyl-2H-indazole regioisomers. Both regioisomers of each SC were prepared from a common precursor, and the physical properties, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy of all SC compounds are described. Additionally, AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, AB-PINACA, and 5F-AB-PINACA were found to act as high potency agonists at CB1 (EC50 = 2.1–11.6 nM) and CB2 (EC50 = 5.6–21.1 nM) receptors in fluorometric assays, while the corresponding 2-alkyl-2H-indazole regioisomers demonstrated low potency (micromolar) agonist activities at both receptors. Taken together, these data suggest that 2-alkyl-2H-indazole regioisomers of AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, AB-PINACA, and 5F-AB-PINACA are likely to be encountered by forensic chemists and toxicologists as the result of improper purification during the clandestine synthesis of 1-alkyl-1H-indazole regioisomers, and can be distinguished by differences in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern.
Fatty Acid Binding Protein‐1 (FABP1) and the Human FABP1 T94A Variant: Roles in the Endocannabinoid System and Dyslipidemias
Authors: Schroeder Friedhelm , McIntosh Avery L. , Martin Gregory G. , Huang Huan , Landrock Danilo , Chung Sarah , Landrock Kerstin K. , Dangott Lawrence J. , Li Shengrong , Kaczocha Martin , Murphy Eric J. , Atshaves Barbara P. , Kier Ann B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe first discovered member of the mammalian FABP family, liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1, L‐FABP), occurs at high cytosolic concentration in liver, intestine, and in the case of humans also in kidney. While the rat FABP1 is well studied, the extent these findings translate to human FABP1 is not clear—especially in view of recent studies showing that endocannabinoids and cannabinoids represent novel rat FABP1 ligands and FABP1 gene ablation impacts the hepatic endocannabinoid system, known to be involved in non‐alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) development. Although not detectable in brain, FABP1 ablation nevertheless also impacts brain endocannabinoids. Despite overall tertiary structure similarity, human FABP1 differs significantly from rat FABP1 in secondary structure, much larger ligand binding cavity, and affinities/specificities for some ligands. Moreover, while both mouse and human FABP1 mediate ligand induction of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐α (PPARα), they differ markedly in pattern of genes induced. This is critically important because a highly prevalent human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (26–38 % minor allele frequency and 8.3 ± 1.9 % homozygous) results in a FABP1 T94A substitution that further accentuates these species differences. The human FABP1 T94A variant is associated with altered body mass index (BMI), clinical dyslipidemias (elevated plasma triglycerides and LDL cholesterol), atherothrombotic cerebral infarction, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Resolving human FABP1 and the T94A variant's impact on the endocannabinoid and cannabinoid system is an exciting challenge due to the importance of this system in hepatic lipid accumulation as well as behavior, pain, inflammation, and satiety.
Within‐person changes in mindfulness and self‐compassion predict enhanced emotional well‐being in healthy, but stressed adolescents
Authors: Galla Brian M. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTMeditation training programs for adolescents are predicated on the assumptions that mindfulness and self‐compassion can be directly cultivated, and further, that doing so is beneficial for emotional well‐being. Yet, very little research with adolescents has tested these assumptions directly. In the current study, I examined longitudinal relationships between changes in mindfulness and self‐compassion and changes in emotional well‐being among healthy, but stressed adolescents who participated in five‐day, intensive meditation retreats. Immediately before and after the retreats, and then three months later, 132 adolescents (Mage = 16.76 years, 61% female) completed questionnaires measuring mindfulness, self‐compassion, and emotional well‐being. Repeated measures ANOVA showed adolescents improved in mindfulness, self‐compassion, and all indices of emotional well‐being immediately following the retreat (Cohen's d = |0.39–1.19|), and many of these improvements were maintained three months later (Cohen's d = |0.04–0.68|). Further, multilevel growth curve analyses with time‐varying covariates indicated within‐person changes in self‐compassion predicted enhanced emotional well‐being more consistently than within‐person changes in mindfulness. Specifically, increases in self‐compassion predicted reductions in perceived stress, rumination, depressive symptoms, and negative affect, and conversely, increases in positive affect and life satisfaction (pseudo‐R2 variance explained = 5.9% and 15.8%, ps < 0.01).
From the child to the neighbourhood: Longitudinal ecological correlates of young adolescents' emotional, social, conduct, and academic difficulties
Authors: Rowe Susan L. , Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. , Hood Michelle 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTGuided by Bronfenbrenner's (1977) ecological framework, we investigated the correlates of changes in early adolescents' emotional, conduct, social and academic difficulties over a 2‐year period of time. A representative sample of Australian early adolescents (N = 3797, 51% boys) completed questionnaires and interviews when they were age 10 (T1) and two years later at age 12 (T2). Parents also participated. Adolescents' difficulties increased over time, but there was no difference in academic difficulties between T1 and T2. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that temperamental factors of persistence and reactivity accounted for the most unique variance in adolescents' difficulties. Factors at each ecological level, including neighbourhood advantage, school connection, and family factors, were also uniquely associated with adolescents' change in difficulties over time. Although ecological effects were small, the study highlights the significant unique roles that proximal and distal social contexts play in the development of difficulties.
The efficacy of submucosal corticosteroid injection and dilatation in subglottic stenosis of different aetiology
Authors: Wierzbicka M , Tokarski M , Puszczewicz M , Szyfter W 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjective:To determine the long-term efficacy of submucosal corticosteroid injection plus dilatation for subglottic stenosis as a single modality treatment in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and relapsing polychondritis, as compared with idiopathic subglottic stenosis and traumatic subglottic stenosis.Method:Patients who underwent dilatation for autoimmune causes were identified. Corticosteroid injection into the submucosa of a stenotic segment was followed by serial dilatation. Definitive improvement was defined as good airway patency for more than 24 months with no further procedures needed. Clinical, demographic and procedural data were recorded.Results:Patients (n= 45) were divided into three subglottic stenosis groups: traumatic (n= 24), idiopathic (n= 9) and autoimmune (n= 12). Patients were treated with dilatations, with a median follow-up time of 76 months. Six patients were tracheostomy-dependent. There were no statistical differences in the number of final improvements between autoimmune, idiopathic and traumatic groups, with values of 75, 56 and 71 per cent, respectively. There was no statistical difference between granulomatosis with polyangiitis plus relapsing polychondritis and idiopathic subglottic stenosis in terms of decannulation rates.Conclusion:Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and relapsing polychondritis patients have better improvement rates than patients with other subglottic stenosis types.
Ethics of Clinical Decision-Making for Older Drivers: Reporting Health-Related Driving Risk
Authors: Mazer Barbara , Laliberté Maude , Hunt Matthew , Lemoignan Josée , Gélinas Isabelle , Vrkljan Brenda , Naglie Gary , Marshall Shawn 
Published: April 2016

RÉSUMÉLe vieillissement de la population engendre une augmentation du nombre de conducteurs âgés. Les professionnels de la santé ont la responsabilité de fournir des soins en préservant le secret professionnel tout en assurant la sécurité du public. Cet article traite de l’analyse éthique relative à la prise de décisions en lien avec le signalement aux autorités compétentes des conducteurs âgés identifiés comme étant à risque. Des considérations éthiques inhérentes au signalement des conducteurs à risque sont traitées, telles que l’autonomie, le secret professionnel, la relation thérapeutique et l’incertitude associée à l’évaluation de la conduite automobile. Nous abordons également la question de la responsabilité des divers agents moraux. L’incertitude entourant le raisonnement clinique et les concepts liés à l’évaluation du risque sont également traités. Enfin, nous présentons deux cas illustrant certains défis auxquels sont confrontés les professionnels de la santé dans l’atteinte d’un équilibre entre leurs responsabilités face à leurs patients et celles visant à assurer la sécurité du public.
An Opportunity for Backing Down: Looking for an Electoral Connection to Audience Costs
Authors: YASUI KIYOTAKA , NAKAI RYO 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper explores the time-inconsistency problem of audience costs in international disputes. The nature of democracy makes it difficult for leaders to back down from earlier diplomatic positions in an international dispute, out of fear of domestic political costs. Few studies have addressed the temporal aspect of such costs. This study argues that election timing impinges on the extent to which the audience cost mechanism works, and consequently, on state conflict behavior. While competitive elections are central to the political accountability inherent in a democracy, voters typically lack enough opportunities to punish unsatisfactory leaders in a timely way, because of fixed election timing, and also may disregard foreign policy missteps that occurred in the distant past. Democratic leaders therefore have an incentive to choose strategically, with the electoral calendar in mind, when selecting a form of conflict behavior. Leaders can retreat from their demands without paying high audience costs when the upcoming election is in the distant future. To test this argument, the authors conduct a natural experiment featuring territorial disputes between Russia and two Baltic republics – Estonia and Latvia. Despite the commonalities in the disputes, as well as in their political systems and socioeconomic backgrounds, the governments of the two Baltic countries showed a sharp contrast in their diplomatic decisions. This paper argues that only the temporal gap in electoral timing can explain this variation, imparting the ironical implication that frequent democratic elections can obstruct peaceful conflict resolutions, and that excessive democratization may well hinder the very goal of peace.
A micrometeorite record in Ordovician Durness Group limestones, Isle of Skye
Authors: Parnell John , Salter Natalie , West Peter 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTSamples of mid-Ordovician Durness Group limestone from Skye yield micrometeorites in the magnetic fraction after dissolution in acid. The micrometeorites are concentrated in the upper part of the sequence, in the Arenig Balnakeil and Croisaphuill formations. This finding is consistent with their stratigraphic distribution determined previously in the Durness district. A single sample of contemporaneous limestones from the Highland Border Fault Zone also yielded a micrometeorite. These observations suggest an elevated flux of meteoritic matter, shortly before the greatest concentration of meteorites in the geological record in the mid-Ordovician of Sweden.
Exosomal microRNA miR-92a concentration in serum reflects human brown fat activity
Authors: Chen Yong , Buyel Joschka J. , Hanssen Mark J. W. , Siegel Franziska , Pan Ruping , Naumann Jennifer , Schell Michael , van der Lans Anouk , Schlein Christian , Froehlich Holger , Heeren Joerg , Virtanen Kirsi A. , van Marken Lichtenbelt Wouter , Pfeifer Alexander 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBrown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy and its activity correlates with leanness in human adults. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography coupled with computer tomography (PET/CT) is still the standard for measuring BAT activity, but exposes subjects to ionizing radiation. To study BAT function in large human cohorts, novel diagnostic tools are needed. Here we show that brown adipocytes release exosomes and that BAT activation increases exosome release. Profiling miRNAs in exosomes released from brown adipocytes, and in exosomes isolated from mouse serum, we show that levels of miRNAs change after BAT activation in vitro and in vivo. One of these exosomal miRNAs, miR-92a, is also present in human serum exosomes. Importantly, serum concentrations of exosomal miR-92a inversely correlate with human BAT activity measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT in two unique and independent cohorts comprising 41 healthy individuals. Thus, exosomal miR-92a represents a potential serum biomarker for BAT activity in mice and humans.
A cell cycle kinase with tandem sensory PAS domains integrates cell fate cues
Authors: Mann Thomas H. , Seth Childers W. , Blair Jimmy A. , Eckart Michael R. , Shapiro Lucy 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAll cells must integrate sensory information to coordinate developmental events in space and time. The bacterium Caulobacter crescentus uses two-component phospho-signalling to regulate spatially distinct cell cycle events through the master regulator CtrA. Here, we report that CckA, the histidine kinase upstream of CtrA, employs a tandem-PAS domain sensor to integrate two distinct spatiotemporal signals. Using CckA reconstituted on liposomes, we show that one PAS domain modulates kinase activity in a CckA density-dependent manner, mimicking the stimulation of CckA kinase activity that occurs on its transition from diffuse to densely packed at the cell poles. The second PAS domain interacts with the asymmetrically partitioned second messenger cyclic-di-GMP, inhibiting kinase activity while stimulating phosphatase activity, consistent with the selective inactivation of CtrA in the incipient stalked cell compartment. The integration of these spatially and temporally regulated signalling events within a single signalling receptor enables robust orchestration of cell-type-specific gene regulation.