bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural basis of collagen recognition by human osteoclast-associated receptor and design of osteoclastogenesis inhibitors
Authors: Haywood Joel , Qi Jianxun , Chen Chun-Chi , Lu Guangwen , Liu Yingxia , Yan Jinghua , Shi Yi , Gao George F. 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Human osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptor that associates with the ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif) receptor FcRγ (Fc receptor γ) to propagate an activating signal in osteoclasts, endothelial cells, and a variety of myeloid cells. The recent finding that OSCAR can bind to collagen and to surfactant protein D, which contains a collagen-like domain, presents a potentially wide array of situations in which this interaction could be targeted to alter an aberrant immune response. The structure of OSCAR bound to a collagen-like peptide describes the molecular basis of collagen recognition for a leukocyte receptor complex protein and provides a promising strategy for the development of future therapeutics aimed specifically at modulating collagen and the interactions of collagenous proteins.
Molecular requirements for a pandemic influenza virus: An acid-stable hemagglutinin protein
Authors: Russier Marion , Yang Guohua , Rehg Jerold E. , Wong Sook-San , Mostafa Heba H. , Fabrizio Thomas P. , Barman Subrata , Krauss Scott , Webster Robert G. , Webby Richard J. , Russell Charles J. 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Influenza pandemics occur several times per century, causing millions of deaths. For one of the myriad of zoonotic influenza viruses to do so, a virus containing a hemagglutinin (HA) surface antigen previously unseen by most humans must evolve the necessary, albeit largely unknown, properties for sustained respiratory spread between people. During entry, the prototypic viral fusion protein HA binds receptors and is triggered irreversibly by low pH in endosomes to cause membrane fusion. These studies link a fundamental property, activation energy of a fusion protein measured as its pH of activation (acid stability), to the ability of zoonotic influenza viruses to cause a human pandemic. Monitoring HA stability is expected to enhance prepandemic surveillance and control of emerging influenza viruses.
Obeticholic acid, a synthetic bile acid agonist of the farnesoid X receptor, attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Ho Peggy P. , Steinman Lawrence 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Bile acids bind to the nuclear hormone receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR). This bile acid–FXR interaction regulates bile acid synthesis, transport, and cholesterol metabolism. Recently, drugs targeting FXR activation have been reported to treat both liver and intestinal inflammatory diseases in both animal models and human clinical trials. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and serves as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we found that FXR knockout mice had more severe EAE, and treatment of mice with established EAE with a synthetic FXR agonist, obeticholic acid (6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid, 6-ECDCA), reduced EAE severity. Thus, we provide an FXR target for development of a previously unidentified disease-modifying therapy for MS.
Social power and leadership in cross-cultural context
Authors: Mittal Rakesh , Elias Steven M. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine how the exercise of power by leaders is impacted by cultural factors. The authors present a conceptual framework to examine the interaction of various cultural dimensions with harsh and soft power bases, thereby delineating the cross-cultural appropriateness of various power bases that may be tapped by organizational leaders.

Design/methodology/approach
– Compatibility of each cultural dimension with harsh of soft power bases is conceptually examined, in the context of Raven’s power interaction model of interpersonal influence.

Findings
– Soft power bases are more likely to be activated by managers in cultures that are collectivist, loose, long-term oriented, but low on power distance and uncertainty avoidance. Harsh power bases are expected to be chosen for influencing subordinates in cultures that are tight, short-term oriented, and high in power distance.

Research limitations/implications
– This is only an initial attempt to look at the exercise of social power in the context of societal culture. The framework can be extrapolated to a more fine-grained examination of the phenomenon.

Practical implication
– The conceptualization has potential implications for developing training programs aimed at improving managers’ cross-cultural competencies.

Originality/value
– Using a cross-cultural lens to examine how a leader exercises power contributes to a holistic view of power and culture. A cross-cultural extension of the power/interaction model, as suggested by the authors, adds value to the field of management development thinking and practice.
Research Note: The mean sensitivity depth of the electrical resistivity method
Authors: Butler S.L. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTUntil now, a simple formula to estimate the depth of investigation of the electrical resistivity method that takes into account the positions of all of the electrodes for a general four‐electrode array has not been available. While the depth sensitivity function of the method for a homogeneous infinite half‐space is well known, previous attempts to use it to characterize the depth of investigation have involved calculating its peak and median, both of which must be determined numerically for a general four‐electrode array. I will show that the mean of the sensitivity function, which has not been considered previously, does admit a very simple mathematical formula. I compare the mean depth with the median and peak sensitivity depths for some common arrays. The mean is always greater than or equal to the median that is always greater than the peak. All three measures give reasonable estimates to the depths of actual structures for most circumstances. I will further show that, for 1D soundings, the use of the mean sensitivity depth as the pseudo‐depth assigns an apparent resistivity to a given pseudo‐depth that is consistent between different arrays. One consequence of this is that smoother depth soundings are obtained as “clutches,” caused by a change in the depth sensitivity due to moving the potential electrodes, are effectively removed. I expect that the mean depth formula will be a useful “rule of thumb” for estimating the depth of investigation before the resistivity structure of the ground is known.
Oxytocin inhibits ethanol consumption and ethanol‐induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Peters Sebastian T. , Bowen Michael T. , Bohrer Kathrin , McGregor Iain S. , Neumann Inga D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAlcohol (EtOH) is one of the most widely abused recreational drugs and is arguably the most harmful. However, current treatment options for alcohol‐use disorders generally have limited efficacy and poor uptake in the community. In this context, the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) has emerged as a promising potential treatment option for a number of substance‐use disorders, including alcoholism. The utility of OXT in reducing consumption of and craving for a wide range of substances may lie in its ability to modulate drug‐induced neurochemical effects within the mesolimbic dopamine pathway. However, the impact of OXT on EtOH actions in this pathway has yet to be explored. Here, we reveal that an acute intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of OXT (1 µg/5 µl) attenuated voluntary EtOH (20 percent) self‐administration after chronic intermittent access to EtOH for 59 days (28 drinking sessions) in male Wistar rats. Next, we demonstrated that an acute intraperitoneal (ip) injection of EtOH (1.5 g/kg, 15 percent w/v) increased dopamine release within the nucleus accumbens in both EtOH‐naive rats and rats that had received 10 daily ip injections of EtOH. Icv OXT completely blocked the EtOH‐induced dopamine release in both EtOH‐naive and chronically treated rats. The attenuation of EtOH‐induced dopamine release by OXT may help to explain the reduced EtOH self‐administration observed following icv OXT infusion.
Climate change‐related regime shifts have altered spatial synchrony of plankton dynamics in the North Sea
Authors: Defriez Emma J. , Sheppard Lawrence W. , Reid Philip C. , Reuman Daniel C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDuring the 1980s, the North Sea plankton community underwent a well‐documented ecosystem regime shift, including both spatial changes (northward species range shifts) and temporal changes (increases in the total abundances of warmer water species). This regime shift has been attributed to climate change. Plankton provide a link between climate and higher trophic‐level organisms, which can forage on large spatial and temporal scales. It is therefore important to understand not only whether climate change affects purely spatial or temporal aspects of plankton dynamics, but also whether it affects spatiotemporal aspects such as metapopulation synchrony. If plankton synchrony is altered, higher trophic‐level feeding patterns may be modified. A second motivation for investigating changes in synchrony is that the possibility of such alterations has been examined for few organisms, in spite of the fact that synchrony is ubiquitous and of major importance in ecology. This study uses correlation coefficients and spectral analysis to investigate whether synchrony changed between the periods 1959–1980 and 1989–2010. Twenty‐three plankton taxa, sea surface temperature (SST), and wind speed were examined. Results revealed that synchrony in SST and plankton was altered. Changes were idiosyncratic, and were not explained by changes in abundance. Changes in the synchrony of Calanus helgolandicus and Para‐pseudocalanus spp appeared to be driven by changes in SST synchrony. This study is one of few to document alterations of synchrony and climate‐change impacts on synchrony. We discuss why climate‐change impacts on synchrony may well be more common and consequential than previously recognized.
Are periodontal diseases really silent? A systematic review of their effect on quality of life
Authors: Buset Sabrina Lill , Walter Clemens , Friedmann Anton , Weiger Roland , Borgnakke Wenche S. , Zitzmann Nicola U. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimPeriodontal diseases (PDs) may play an important role in the effect oral health status has on a person's quality of life (QoL). The objective was to investigate the influence of PDs (gingivitis and periodontitis) on oral health‐related QoL (OHRQoL) by systematically reviewing the literature.Materials and MethodsStudies using clinical periodontal examinations and validated survey instruments were included. Among 1134 citations initially identified through electronic and hand searching, 37 were eligible and data were extracted from full texts. A vote counting method was used for synthesis of the results.ResultsIncluded studies were published between 2001 and 2014 and revealed considerable heterogeneity in participant selection, clinical assessments, and OHRQoL measures. A significant association between PDs and OHRQoL was reported in 28 studies, of which eight reported increasing impact with greater disease severity or extent.ConclusionsWithin the limits of the available literature, OHRQoL was affected by clinically assessed PDs. There was evidence for increased impairment with greater severity and extent of PDs, and the recognition of the association was increased when full mouth recording protocols were applied.
Signaling mechanism underlying the histamine‐modulated action of hypoglossal motoneurons
Authors: Liu Zi‐Long , Wu Xu , Luo Yan‐Jia , Wang Lu , Qu Wei‐Min , Li Shan‐Qun , Huang Zhi‐Li 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHistamine, an important modulator of the arousal states of the central nervous system, has been reported to contribute an excitatory drive at the hypoglossal motor nucleus to the genioglossus (GG) muscle, which is involved in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea. However, the effect of histamine on hypoglossal motoneurons (HMNs) and the underlying signaling mechanisms have remained elusive. Here, whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings were conducted using neonatal rat brain sections, which showed that histamine excited HMNs with an inward current under voltage‐clamp and a depolarization membrane potential under current‐clamp via histamine H1 receptors (H1Rs). The phospholipase C inhibitor U‐73122 blocked H1Rs‐mediated excitatory effects, but protein kinase A inhibitor and protein kinase C inhibitor did not, indicating that the signal transduction cascades underlying the excitatory action of histamine on HMNs were H1R/Gq/11/phospholipase C/inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3). The effects of histamine were also dependent on extracellular Na+ and intracellular Ca2+, which took place via activation of Na+‐Ca2+ exchangers. These results identify the signaling molecules associated with the regulatory effect of histamine on HMNs. The findings of this study may provide new insights into therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea.
image
We proposed the post‐synaptic mechanisms underlying the modulation effect of histamine on hypoglossal motoneuron. Histamine activates the H1Rs via PLC and IP3, increases Ca2+ releases from intracellular stores, promotes Na+ influx and Ca2+ efflux via the NCXs, and then produces an inward current and depolarizes the neurons. Histamine modulates the excitability of HMNs with other neuromodulators, such as noradrenaline, serotonin and orexin. We think that these findings should provide an important new direction for drug development for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.
The European Narcolepsy Network (EU‐NN) database
Authors: Khatami Ramin , Luca Gianina , Baumann Christian R. , Bassetti Claudio L. , Bruni Oliviero , Canellas Francesca , Dauvilliers Yves , Del Rio‐Villegas Rafael , Feketeova Eva , Ferri Raffaele , Geisler Peter , Högl Birgit , Jennum Poul , Kornum Birgitte R. , Lecendreux Michel , Martins‐da‐Silva Antonio , Mathis Johannes , Mayer Geert , Paiva Teresa , Partinen Markku , Peraita‐Adrados Rosa , Plazzi Guiseppe , Santamaria Joan , Sonka Karel , Riha Renata , Tafti Mehdi , Wierzbicka Aleksandra , Young Peter , Lammers Gert Jan , Overeem Sebastiaan ,   European Narcolepsy Network
Published: January 2016

SummaryNarcolepsy with cataplexy is a rare disease with an estimated prevalence of 0.02% in European populations. Narcolepsy shares many features of rare disorders, in particular the lack of awareness of the disease with serious consequences for healthcare supply. Similar to other rare diseases, only a few European countries have registered narcolepsy cases in databases of the International Classification of Diseases or in registries of the European health authorities. A promising approach to identify disease‐specific adverse health effects and needs in healthcare delivery in the field of rare diseases is to establish a distributed expert network. A first and important step is to create a database that allows collection, storage and dissemination of data on narcolepsy in a comprehensive and systematic way. Here, the first prospective web‐based European narcolepsy database hosted by the European Narcolepsy Network is introduced. The database structure, standardization of data acquisition and quality control procedures are described, and an overview provided of the first 1079 patients from 18 European specialized centres. Due to its standardization this continuously increasing data pool is most promising to provide a better insight into many unsolved aspects of narcolepsy and related disorders, including clear phenotype characterization of subtypes of narcolepsy, more precise epidemiological data and knowledge on the natural history of narcolepsy, expectations about treatment effects, identification of post‐marketing medication side‐effects, and will contribute to improve clinical trial designs and provide facilities to further develop phase III trials.
Dual-Tasking Effects on Dynamic Postural Stability in Athletes With and Without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Mohammadi-Rad Shahrzad , Salavati Mahyar , Ebrahimi-Takamjani Ismail , Akhbari Behnam , Sherafat Shiva , Negahban Hossein , Lali Pezhman , Mazaheri Masood 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:To compare the effect of dual tasking on postural stability between patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) and healthy controls.Methods:Single-limb postural stability was assessed in 17 athletes with ACL-R and 17 healthy matched athletes while standing on a Biodex Balance System platform in 4 conditions: stability level of 8 (ie, more-stable support surface) with eyes open, stability level of 8 with eyes closed, stability level of 6 (ie, less-stable support surface) with eyes open, and stability level of 6 with eyes closed. Postural-stability tasks were performed with and without auditory Stroop task. The anteroposterior stability index (APSI), mediolateral stability index (MLSI), and overall stability index (OSI) as measures of postural performance, as well as reaction time and error ratio as measures of cognitive performance, were recorded.Results:Dual-tasking effect on postural stability was not significantly different between the groups in 3 postural conditions. Only in level 6 with eyes open, for APSI and OSI, patients with ACL-R showed lower postural stability under the dual-task condition. However, patients showed poorer performance on both reaction time and error ratio in all postural conditions.Conclusions:The patients with ACL-R appeared to sacrifice their cognitive performance to optimize their performance on postural stability. This posture-first strategy was reflected by a more pronounced effect of dual tasking on the auditory Stroop task than the postural-stability task. In situations where maintenance of posture is challenging, giving priority to the postural task at the expense of cognitive performance can ensure safety from balance loss.
Chlorhexidine Induces VanA-Type Vancomycin Resistance Genes in Enterococci
Authors: Bhardwaj Pooja , Ziegler Elizabeth , Palmer Kelli L. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Chlorhexidine is a bisbiguanide antiseptic used for infection control. Vancomycin-resistant
E. faecium
(VREfm) is among the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections. VREfm may be exposed to chlorhexidine at supra- and subinhibitory concentrations as a result of chlorhexidine bathing and chlorhexidine-impregnated central venous catheter use. We used RNA sequencing to investigate how VREfm responds to chlorhexidine gluconate exposure. Among the 35 genes upregulated ≥10-fold after 15 min of exposure to the MIC of chlorhexidine gluconate were those encoding VanA-type vancomycin resistance (
vanHAX
) and those associated with reduced daptomycin susceptibility (
liaXYZ
). We confirmed that
vanA
upregulation was not strain or species specific by querying other VanA-type VRE. VanB-type genes were not induced. The
vanH
promoter was found to be responsive to subinhibitory chlorhexidine gluconate in VREfm, as was production of the VanX protein. Using
vanH
reporter experiments with
Bacillus subtilis
and deletion analysis in VREfm, we found that this phenomenon is VanR dependent. Deletion of
vanR
did not result in increased chlorhexidine susceptibility, demonstrating that
vanHAX
induction is not protective against chlorhexidine. As expected, VanA-type VRE is more susceptible to ceftriaxone in the presence of sub-MIC chlorhexidine. Unexpectedly, VREfm is also more susceptible to vancomycin in the presence of subinhibitory chlorhexidine, suggesting that chlorhexidine-induced gene expression changes lead to additional alterations in cell wall synthesis. We conclude that chlorhexidine induces expression of VanA-type vancomycin resistance genes and genes associated with daptomycin nonsusceptibility. Overall, our results indicate that the impacts of subinhibitory chlorhexidine exposure on hospital-associated pathogens should be further investigated in laboratory studies.
Activities of Murine Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Provide Immune Correlates That Predict Francisella tularensis Vaccine Efficacy
Authors: De Pascalis Roberto , Mittereder Lara , Kennett Nikki J. , Elkins Karen L. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

We previously identified potential correlates of vaccine-induced protection against
Francisella tularensis
using murine splenocytes and further demonstrated that the relative levels of gene expression varied significantly between tissues. In contrast to splenocytes, peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) represent a means to bridge vaccine efficacy in animal models to that in humans. Here we take advantage of this easily accessible source of immune cells to investigate cell-mediated immune responses against tularemia, whose sporadic incidence makes clinical trials of vaccines difficult. Using PBLs from mice vaccinated with
F. tularensis
Live Vaccine Strain (LVS) and related attenuated strains, we combined the control of
in vitro
Francisella
replication within macrophages with gene expression analyses. The
in vitro
functions of PBLs, particularly the control of intramacrophage LVS replication, reflected the hierarchy of
in vivo
protection conferred by LVS-derived vaccines. Moreover, several genes previously identified by the evaluation of splenocytes were also found to be differentially expressed in immune PBLs. In addition, more extensive screening identified additional potential correlates of protection. Finally, expression of selected genes in mouse PBLs obtained shortly after vaccination, without
ex vivo
restimulation, was different among vaccine groups, suggesting a potential tool to monitor efficacious vaccine-induced immune responses against
F. tularensis
. Our studies demonstrate that murine PBLs can be used productively to identify potential correlates of protection against
F. tularensis
and to expand and refine a comprehensive set of protective correlates.
Infant feeding and risk of developing celiac disease: a systematic review
Authors: Silano Marco , Agostoni Carlo , Sanz Yolanda , Guandalini Stefano 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo review the evidence for the association of breast feeding, breastfeeding duration or the timing of gluten introduction and the later development of celiac disease (CD).DesignSystematic review.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, via PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science, for studies published up to 31 August 2015 investigating the association of breastfeeding duration, breast feeding at the moment of gluten introduction or the timing of gluten introduction and the later development of CD. Prospective studies had to enrol infants/children at high risk of CD. For retrospective studies, participants had to be children or adults with CD. The paper quality was assessed by means of a GRADE score and the bias risk was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (for observational cohort studies) and Cochrane Collaboration's tool (for randomised trials).ResultsOut of 149 retrieved papers, 48 were considered in depth and 16 were included in this review (9 were prospective and 2 were interventional). We found that neither duration of breastfeeding nor breastfeeding at time of gluten introduction nor the delayed introduction of gluten during weaning were effective in preventing later development of CD.ConclusionsCurrently, there is no evidence on the optimal breastfeeding duration or the effects of avoiding early (<4 months of age) or late (≥6 or even at 12 months) gluten introduction in children at risk of CD. Accordingly, no specific general recommendations about gluten introduction or optimal breastfeeding duration can be presently provided on evidence-based criteria in order to prevent CD.