bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working memory and organizational skills problems in ADHD
Authors: Kofler Michael J. , Sarver Dustin E. , Harmon Sherelle L. , Moltisanti Allison , Aduen Paula A. , Soto Elia F. , Ferretti Nicole 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThis study tested model‐driven predictions regarding working memory's role in the organizational problems associated with ADHD.MethodChildren aged 8–13 (M = 10.33, SD = 1.42) with and without ADHD (N = 103; 39 girls; 73% Caucasian/Non‐Hispanic) were assessed on multiple, counterbalanced working memory tasks. Parents and teachers completed norm‐referenced measures of organizational problems (Children's Organizational Skills Scale; COSS).ResultsResults confirmed large magnitude working memory deficits (d = 1.24) and organizational problems in ADHD (d = 0.85). Bias‐corrected, bootstrapped conditional effects models linked impaired working memory with greater parent‐ and teacher‐reported inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and organizational problems. Working memory predicted organization problems across all parent and teacher COSS subscales (R2 = .19–.23). Approximately 38%–57% of working memory's effect on organization problems was conveyed by working memory's association with inattentive behavior. Unique effects of working memory remained significant for both parent‐ and teacher‐reported task planning, as well as for teacher‐reported memory/materials management and overall organization problems. Attention problems uniquely predicted worse organizational skills. Hyperactivity was unrelated to parent‐reported organizational skills, but predicted better teacher‐reported task planning.ConclusionsChildren with ADHD exhibit multisetting, broad‐based organizational impairment. These impaired organizational skills are attributable in part to performance deficits secondary to working memory dysfunction, both directly and indirectly via working memory's role in regulating attention. Impaired working memory in ADHD renders it extraordinarily difficult for these children to consistently anticipate, plan, enact, and maintain goal‐directed actions.
European guideline for the management of pediculosis pubis
Authors: Salavastru C.M. , Chosidow O. , Janier M. , Tiplica G.S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPediculosis pubis is caused by Phthirus pubis. The disease can be sexually transmitted. Patients main complain is of itch in the pubic area. The parasite can be spotted with the naked eye and blue macules can be observed in the pubic area. First line therapy consists of permethrin or pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide. Second line therapy contains phenothrin, malathion and oral ivermectin. Partner management needs a look‐back period of time of 3 months. Pubic lice incidence is increased in populations groups living in crowded spaces with scarce sanitary conditions as in time of war or disaster.
Coevolution between flight morphology, vertical stratification and sexual dimorphism: what can we learn from tropical butterflies?
Authors: Graça M. B. , Pequeno P. A. C. L. , Franklin E. , Morais J. W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOccurrence patterns are partly shaped by the affinity of species with habitat conditions. For winged organisms, flight‐related attributes are vital for ecological performance. However, due to the different reproductive roles of each sex, we expect divergence in flight energy budget, and consequently different selection responses between sexes. We used tropical frugivorous butterflies as models to investigate coevolution between flight morphology, sex dimorphism and vertical stratification. We studied 94 species of Amazonian fruit‐feeding butterflies sampled in seven sites across 3341 ha. We used wing–thorax ratio as a proxy for flight capacity and hierarchical Bayesian modelling to estimate stratum preference. We detected a strong phylogenetic signal in wing–thorax ratio in both sexes. Stouter fast‐flying species preferred the canopy, whereas more slender slow‐flying species preferred the understorey. However, this relationship was stronger in females than in males, suggesting that female phenotype associates more intimately with habitat conditions. Within species, males were stouter than females and sexual dimorphism was sharper in understorey species. Because trait–habitat relationships were independent from phylogeny, the matching between flight morphology and stratum preference is more likely to reflect adaptive radiation than shared ancestry. This study sheds light on the impact of flight and sexual dimorphism on the evolution and ecological adaptation of flying organisms.
Histochemical analysis of collagen reorganization at the invasive front of oral squamous cell carcinoma tumors
Authors: Devendra Alrani , Niranjan Kochli C. , Swetha Acharya , Kaveri Hallikeri 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to: (a) analyze the nature of collagen with respect to cohesive and discohesive invasive tumor front (ITF) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); (b) analyze the clinicopathological correlation with the nature of collagen at the ITF of OSCC; and (c) correlate the nature of collagen with Broder's and Bryne's histological grading system of OSCC.MethodsTissue sections of 29 OSCC with ITF were stained with hematoxylin‐eosin and picrosirius red staining for evaluation under a polarized microscope.ResultsTumors with a cohesive front had a thick collagen fiber, are predominantly organized, red‐yellow in color, well packed, and show strong birefringence (P<.005). A gradual change in the nature of the collagen fiber was observed in the discohesive tumor front, where the collagen fibers were thin, disorganized, yellow‐orange to green‐yellow in color, loosely packed, and with weak birefringence (P<.005).ConclusionA cohesive tumor front with organized collagen fibers prevents tumor invasion and metastasis. As it is inhibits an increase in tumor size, it is associated with the initial stage of tumor (I & II), whereas in a discohesive tumor front, the fibers might enhance the movement of tumor cells, resulting in invasion and metastasis.
New Graduate Nurses’ Professional Commitment: Antecedents and Outcomes
Authors: Guerrero Sylvie , Chênevert Denis , Kilroy Steven 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeThis study examines the factors that increase new graduate nurses’ professional commitment and how this professional commitment in turn affects professional turnover intentions, anxiety, and physical health symptoms.DesignThe study was carried out in association with the nursing undergraduate's affiliation of Quebec, Canada. A three‐wave longitudinal design was employed among nursing students. Nurses were surveyed before they entered the labor market, and then twice after they started working.MethodsParticipants were contacted by post at their home address. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.Findings and ConclusionProfessional commitment explains why good work characteristics and the provision of organizational resources related to patient care reduce nurses’ anxiety and physical symptoms, and increase their professional turnover intentions. Pre‐entry professional perceptions moderate the effects of work characteristics on professional commitment such that when participants hold positive pre‐entry perceptions about the profession, the propensity to develop professional commitment is higher.Clinical RelevanceThere is a worldwide shortage of nurses. From a nurse training perspective, it is important to create realistic perceptions of the nursing role. In hospitals, providing a good work environment and resources conducive to their professional ethos is critical for ensuring nurses do not leave the profession early on in their careers.
Serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy of erythrocytes protruding through the human placental syncytiotrophoblast
Authors: Palaiologou Eleni , Goggin Patricia , Chatelet David S. , Lofthouse Emma M. , Torrens Christopher , Sengers Bram G. , Cleal Jane K. , Page Anton , Lewis Rohan M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe syncytiotrophoblast forms a continuous barrier between the maternal and fetal circulations. Here we present a serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM) study, based on a single image stack, showing pooling of fetal blood underneath a region of stretched syncytiotrophoblast that has become detached from the basement membrane. Erythrocytes are protruding from discrete holes in the syncytiotrophoblast suggesting that, under specific circumstances, the syncytiotrophoblast may be permeable to fetal cells. This observation represents a pathological process but it poses questions about the physical properties and permeability of the syncytiotrophoblast and may represent an early stage in the formation of fibrin deposits in areas of syncytial denudation. This study also illustrates how the 3D images generated by SBFSEM allow the interpretation of structures that could not be understood from a single histological section.
Safety and efficacy of low dose intramuscular magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) compared to intravenous regimen for treatment of eclampsia
Authors: Saha Pradip Kumar , Kaur Jasbinder , Goel Poonam , Kataria shalija , Tandon Rimpy , Saha Lekha 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimThis study was performed to compare the safety and efficacy of low dose intramuscular magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) (Dhaka regimen) and intravenous (IV) MgSO4 (Zuspan regimen) for the prevention of eclampsia recurrence and to compare serum magnesium concentration.MethodsForty one eligible patients with eclampsia were randomly divided into two groups: group I patients received IV MgSO4 according to the Zuspan regime, while group II patients received intramuscular (IM) MgSO4 according to the Dhaka regimen (i.e. low dose MgSO4). The total dose MgSo4 requirements per patient were calculated and serum MgSo4 level was measured. Maternal and fetal outcomes were compared between the groups.ResultsThe mean total dose of MgSO4 required for the treatment of eclampsia was higher in group I compared to group II (32 ± 6.8 g vs 25.4 ± 8.8 g, respectively; P < 0.5). The mean serum MgSO4 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.003) in group I compared to group II, although there were no significant differences in seizure recurrence. Statistically, more patients in group I experienced a loss of knee jerk reaction and required dose deferral compared to group II. There was a significantly higher number of babies with poor Apgar scores in group I. Overall the maternal and fetal outcomes were comparable between the groups.ConclusionsA low dose IM regimen (Dhaka regimen) of MgSo4 is equally efficacious and safe compared to an IV regimen (Zuspan regimen) for the control and prevention of seizures in patients with eclampsia.
RISK GOVERNANCEINTHE INSURANCE SECTOR—DETERMINANTSAND CONSEQUENCESINAN INTERNATIONAL SAMPLE
Authors: Magee Shane , Schilling Cornelia , Sheedy Elizabeth 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTWe analyze the relation between risk governance, risk, and performance measures for a global sample of 107 insurance companies from 2004 to 2012. Our risk governance index (RGI) covers several Solvency II provisions and includes the existence of chief risk officer on the executive committee, risk committee characteristics, and board industry experience. We find that in the crisis period 2008–2009, firms with a higher RGI generally have lower expected default frequency. We conclude that during noncrisis years, risk governance does not have a risk‐reducing effect but is positively associated with buy‐and‐hold returns, risk‐adjusted performance measures, and Tobin's Q. Our findings therefore support the role of risk governance as a business enabler rather than inhibitor. Insurance companies typically upgrade their risk governance following a negative shock, especially in countries that are well regulated and have weaker shareholder rights.
Soil preference in blind mole rats in an area of supposed sympatric speciation: do they choose the fertile or the familiar?
Authors: Lövy M. , Šklíba J. , Šumbera R. , Nevo E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAnimals become adapted to different habitats, which, under some circumstances, may lead to speciation. Such speciation can possibly take place even in sympatry, as has recently been suggested in the blind mole rat Spalax galili surveyed at a microsite where two soil types of ecologically contrasting characteristics, basaltic soil and rendzina soil, abut each other. Such speciation would be possible if mole rats developed reproductive isolation, for example, by means of habitat choice. In our study, we quantified food supply and soil characteristics of 20 blind mole rat burrow systems in both soils at a new microsite and tested the mole rat's soil preference in a T‐maze. The basaltic soil was harder and heavier than the rendzina soil, and had higher density and biomass of food, which is comparable to the published data from the only other studied microsite 3.7 km apart. Mole rats preferred to burrow in their familiar soil, when the tested soils were moist. After the soils were dried, both groups of mole rats tended to burrow preferentially in the rendzina soil, nevertheless, this preference was only significant in rendzina‐soil mole rats. We propose that after the suppression of olfactory cues mole rats preferred to burrow in soil with lower energetic costs of burrowing. We suggest that soil preference by mole rats is effective mainly in moist soil that releases specific odorous cues, which coincides with mating season and natal dispersal. This preference could also play an important causative role in reproductive isolation of the two blind mole rat populations.
Free fatty acid receptor 3 activation suppresses neurogenic motility in rat proximal colon
Authors: Kaji I. , Akiba Y. , Furuyama T. , Adelson D. W. , Iwamoto K. , Watanabe M. , Kuwahara A. , Kaunitz J. D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundShort‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) are microbial fermentation products absorbed by the colon. We recently reported that activation of the SCFA receptor termed free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFA3), expressed on cholinergic nerves, suppresses nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)‐mediated transepithelial anion secretion. This study aimed to clarify how activation of neurally expressed FFA3 affects colonic motor function.MethodsFFA3‐expressing myenteric neurons were identified by immunostaining; contractions of isolated circular muscle strips obtained from rat proximal colon were measured by isometric transducers. The effect of FFA3 agonists on defecation in vivo was examined in an exogenous serotonin‐induced defecation model.Key ResultsFFA3 immunoreactivity was located in nitrergic and cholinergic neurons in the myenteric plexus. In isolated circular muscle strips without mucosa and submucosa, the addition of nicotine (10 μM) or serotonin transiently relaxed the muscle through nitrergic neurons, whereas high concentrations of nicotine (100 μM) induced large‐amplitude contractions that were mediated by cholinergic neurons. Pretreatment with FFA3 agonists inhibited nicotine‐ or serotonin‐induced motility changes but had no effect on bethanechol‐induced direct muscle contractions. The Gi/o inhibitor pertussis toxin reversed the inhibitory effect of an FFA3 agonist AR420626 on nicotine‐evoked contractions, suggesting that FFA3 activation suppresses nAChR‐mediated neural activity in myenteric neurons, consistent with an FFA3‐mediated antisecretory effect. In conscious rats, exogenous serotonin increased the volume of fecal output, compared with the vehicle‐ or AR420626‐treated groups. Pretreatment with AR420626 significantly suppressed serotonin‐induced fecal output.Conclusion and InferencesFFA3 is a promising target for the treatment of neurogenic diarrheal disorders by suppressing nAChR‐mediated neural pathways.
Uric acid and dehydration in children with gastroenteritis
Authors: Kuge Rie , Morikawa Yoshihiko , Hasegawa Yukihiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundClinical assessment of dehydration in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is crucial for treatment. The gold standard for assessment is acute weight loss. Dehydration severity, as determined by weight loss, significantly correlates with serum urea nitrogen (UN) in children with AGE. The disadvantage of using serum UN as a marker of dehydration severity, however, is that the level can be affected by nutrition. Serum uric acid (UA) theoretically could serve as an alternative in this regard, but there have been no reports on the direct relationship between serum UA and weight loss. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the relationship between serum UA and weight loss in patients with AGE.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of children 1–71 months of age admitted to Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center with AGE between 1 December 2010 and 31 March 2015. Patients with symptoms of AGE ≥ 8 days, chronic disease, or incomplete data were excluded from the study. Pre–post‐rehydration weight change was used as an alternative, gold standard marker for the assessment of dehydration severity.ResultsThe study participants consisted of 97 children. Serum UA correlated significantly with weight change, and increased significantly along with dehydration severity.ConclusionsSerum UA can be considered as an adjunct to the clinical assessment of dehydration in children with AGE.
Target value of oxygen saturation during the first 10 min after birth
Authors: Taguchi Yosuke , Hosono Shigeharu , Kayama Kazunori , Kato Ryota , Hine Kotaro , Nagano Nobuhiko , Yoshikawa Kayo , Takahashi Shigeru , Takahashi Shori 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundDuring neonatal resuscitation, careful oxygenation is needed. Pulse oximetry is recommended to evaluate the need for oxygenation, but it is not clear whether peripheral perfusion is adequate for the evaluation of arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2). Additionally, there has been no study on the changes in SpO2 immediately after birth in Japan, despite the indispensable need for definitive oxygenation criteria.MethodsA prospective observational study was performed in neonates at gestational age 35–41 weeks. An SpO2 measurement probe was attached to the neonates immediately after birth at the right palm or wrist, and the perfusion index (PI), pulse rate, and SpO2 were measured until 10 min after birth.ResultsSixty neonates were examined. Stable PI was obtained soon after birth, preceding SpO2 measurement. The median PI (%) was constant at approximately 1.3, and the median SpO2 at 2–10 min was 70%, 81%, 82%, 87%, 89%, 92%, 92%, 94%, and 95%, respectively. The current target value for SpO2 in the Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (NCPR) guideline in Japan is approximately the 25th percentile.ConclusionPI is stable and sufficient in the early postnatal period, meaning that peripheral perfusion is adequate for the measurement of SpO2. The current target SpO2 used in the NCPR guidelines is at approximately the 25th percentile and is thought to be sufficient for meeting oxygenation criteria.
Delayed transplantation may affect intellectual ability in children
Authors: Lee Jiwon M , Jung Yeon Kyung , Bae Jeong‐Hoon , Yoon Sun Ah , Kim Ju Hee , Choi YoungRok , Kim Hyeyoung , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Ahn Hye Young , Kim Jae Won , Shin Min‐Sup , Suh Kyung‐Suk , Ha Il‐Soo , Cheong Hae Il , Kang Hee Gyung , Yi Nam‐Joon 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundDecline in neurocognitive function is a reported complication in children with chronic illness. Concerns have been increasing that exposure to a major surgery or trauma may negatively affect cognitive performance in children. This study evaluated cognitive function in 43 Korean children who received organ transplantation (Tx), and sought to identify associated clinical factors.MethodsPediatric recipients of kidney (KT) or liver Tx (LT) from 1999 to 2011 were recruited for cognitive tests. Cognitive function was evaluated using intelligence quotient (IQ), social quotient (SQ), and Continuous Performance Test using Advanced Test for Attention scores, which reflect attention ability. Intellectual delay was graded as intellectual disability (ID; IQ <70) or low intelligence (LI; IQ<85). Diagnosis for attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was made by pediatric psychiatrists.ResultsThe subjects consisted of 43 pediatric recipients of 28 LT and 15 KT. There were 20 boys (46.5%). Median age was 3.1 years (range, 0.5–15.3 years) at Tx. Median age at cognitive evaluation was 12.9 years (range, 3.4–18.4 years). Median pre‐Tx duration of illness was 1.6 years (range, 0–13.5 years). The prevalence of ID, LI, and ADHD was 11.6%, 32.5%, and 32.5%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, longer pre‐Tx duration of illness was a significant factor for LI (OR, 1.263; 95%CI: 1.033–1.544, P = 0.023).ConclusionLonger pre‐Tx duration may negatively affect intellectual ability in Korean children. Pre‐Tx duration was more significant than the age at Tx or total disease duration per se. Early Tx may be beneficial for cognitive function in children.
Small-Sided Games in Elite Soccer: Does One Size Fit All?
Authors: Lacome Mathieu , Simpson Ben M. , Cholley Yannick , Lambert Philippe , Buchheit Martin 
Published: July 2017

Purpose: To compare the peak intensity of typical small-sided games (SSGs) with those of official matches in terms of running demands and mechanical work (MechW) over different rolling average durations and playing positions. Methods: Data were collected in 21 players (25 [5] y, 181 [7] cm, and 77 [7] kg) belonging to an elite French football team. SSG data were collected over 2 seasons during typical training sessions (249 files, 12 [4] per player) and official matches (n = 12). Players’ locomotor activity was recorded using 5-Hz Global Positioning System. Total distance (m), high-speed distance (HS, distance above 14.4 km·h−1, m), and MechW (a.u.) were analyzed during different rolling average periods (1–15 min). The SSGs examined were 4v4+goalkeepers (GKs), 6v6+GKs, 8v8+GKs, and 10v10+GKs. Results: Peak total distance and HS during 4v4, 6v6, and 8v8 were likely-to-most likely lower than during matches (effect size: −0.59 [±0.38] to −7.36 [±1.20]). MechW during 4v4 was likely-to-most likely higher than during matches (1–4 min; 0.61 [±0.77] to 2.30 [±0.64]). Relative to their match demands, central defenders performed more HS than other positions (0.63 [±0.81] to 1.61 [±0.52]) during 6v6. Similarly, central midfielders performed less MechW than the other positions during 6v6 (0.68 [±0.72] to 1.34 [±0.99]) and 8v8 (0.73 [±0.50] to 1.39 [±0.32]). Conclusion: Peak locomotor intensity can be modulated during SSGs of various formats and durations to either overload or underload match demands, with 4v4 placing the greatest and the least emphasis on MechW and HS, respectively. Additionally, in relation to match demands central defenders and central midfielders tend to be the most and least overloaded during SSGs, respectively.