bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should everybody be in services? The effect of servitization on manufacturing firm performance
Authors: Crozet Matthieu , Milet Emmanuel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe servitization of the manufacturing sector refers to the evolution of manufacturers' capabilities to offer services as complements to or substitutes for the goods that they produce. A vast literature has described these strategies and has shown that this phenomenon is widespread and growing in most developed economies. However, very little systematic evidence of the extent or consequences of servitization based on a comprehensive data set of firms exists. In this paper, we provide such evidence using exhaustive data for French manufacturing firms between 1997 and 2007. We find that the vast majority of French manufacturers sell services in addition to producing goods. The shift toward services is growing steadily but at a slow pace. We also estimate the impact of servitization on firm performance. Controlling for various sources of endogeneity bias, our most conservative results show that firms that start selling services increase their profitability by 0.4%, their employment by 2.1%, and their total sales by 0.6%. For small businesses, we also find a positive impact on the production of goods. We also uncover strong heterogeneity across manufacturing industries.
Repellency of essential oils against Nephotettix cincticeps: Laboratory and glasshouse assays
Authors: Chakira H. , Long M. , Liu S. , Zhao J. , He Y. , Wagan T. A. , Hua H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFour oils from Piper nigrum, Litsea cubeba, Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Curcuma longa were obtained by ethanol extraction. The repellency of these oils and two major compounds (linalool and piperine) was evaluated against female adult and third‐instar nymphs of the rice pest, Nephotettix cincticeps, under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. Paired‐choice and no‐choice assays were used for each treatment, with essential oils evaluated after 24 and 48 hr of exposure and chemical compounds evaluated after 12 and 24 hr of exposure. The potential effects of essential oils on activities of glutathione S tranferase (GST), carboxyl esterase (CarE) and acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) were also evaluated after 48 hr of exposure to leafhoppers. The constituents of the essential oils were determined using GC‐MS. The results showed that the major components in the oils were piperine (34.75%) for P. nigrum, 9,12‐octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (18.74%) for L. cubeba, ethanone, 1‐(2‐hydroxy‐4,6‐dimethoxyphenyl) (18.51%) for Z. bungeanum and turmerone (15.89%) for C. longa. In all cases, the essential oils repelled female adults and third‐instar nymphs of N. cincticeps. The repellency of the tested oils and chemicals compounds in the paired‐choice assay was higher than in the no‐choice assay. In all experimental conditions, P. nigrum and C. longa oils were the most and the least potent, respectively. Linalool was the best repellent among the single‐tested compounds under laboratory conditions. In the glasshouse study, the highest repellency was observed in the mixture of linalool and piperine. GST and CarE activities of leafhoppers were significantly enhanced by exposure to the four essentials oils; AchE activity increased significantly only in the P. nigrum and L. cubeba assays. Our results clearly indicate that the tested oils and chemical compounds are promising agents for developing plant‐based pesticides to control N. cincticeps.
Fatty liver index and hepatic steatosis index for prediction of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sviklāne Laura , Olmane Evija , Dzērve Zane , Kupčs Kārlis , Pīrāgs Valdis , Sokolovska Jeļizaveta 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground and AimLittle is known about the diagnostic value of hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and fatty liver index (FLI), as well as their link to metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes mellitus. We have screened the effectiveness of FLI and HSI in an observational pilot study of 40 patients with type 1 diabetes.MethodsFLI and HSI were calculated for 201 patients with type 1 diabetes. Forty patients with FLI/HSI values corresponding to different risk of liver steatosis were invited for liver magnetic resonance study. In‐phase/opposed‐phase technique of magnetic resonance was used. Accuracy of indices was assessed from the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsTwelve (30.0%) patients had liver steatosis. For FLI, sensitivity was 90%; specificity, 74%; positive likelihood ratio, 3.46; negative likelihood ratio, 0.14; positive predictive value, 0.64; and negative predictive value, 0.93. For HSI, sensitivity was 86%; specificity, 66%; positive likelihood ratio, 1.95; negative likelihood ratio, 0.21; positive predictive value, 0.50; and negative predictive value, 0.92. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for FLI was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [0.72; 0.99]); for HSI 0.75 [0.58; 0.91]. Liver fat correlated with liver enzymes, waist circumference, triglycerides, and C‐reactive protein. FLI correlated with C‐reactive protein, liver enzymes, and blood pressure. HSI correlated with waist circumference and C‐reactive protein. FLI ≥ 60 and HSI ≥ 36 were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome and nephropathy.ConclusionsThe tested indices, especially FLI, can serve as surrogate markers for liver fat content and metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes.
Fatty acid supplements improve hair coat condition in rhesus macaques
Authors: Hamel A. F. , Menard M. T. , Novak M. A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs captive rhesus macaques often exhibit hair loss, alopecia was quantified and behavior was recorded before, during, and after fatty acid supplementation in six macaques. Fatty acid treatment was associated with a decrease in alopecia and in self‐grooming behavior. Therefore, fatty acids may be a viable treatment for alopecia in some captive primates.
A Novel Semiautomated Pipeline to Measure Brain Atrophy and Lesion Burden in Multiple Sclerosis: A Long‐Term Comparative Study
Authors: Uher Tomas , Krasensky Jan , Vaneckova Manuela , Sobisek Lukas , Seidl Zdenek , Havrdova Eva , Bergsland Niels , Dwyer Michael G. , Horakova Dana , Zivadinov Robert 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSELesion burden and brain volume changes are frequent end points in research but nowadays are becoming important in the clinical practice of multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures obtained by in‐house developed ScanView software and commonly used volumetric techniques for assessment of T2 lesion and whole brain volumes and their changes.METHODSTogether 3,340 MRI scans from 209 patients after first demyelinating event suggestive of MS, 181 relapsing‐remitting MS patients and 43 controls were analyzed. The average number of MRI scans and follow‐up duration was 8.2 and 6.5 years, respectively. All MRI scans were performed in a single center but independently analyzed in two neuroimaging centers. Volumetric analysis by ScanView software was applied in Prague. Commonly used techniques, such as SIENA, SIENAX, and Jim software, were applied in Buffalo. Correlations between MRI measures were evaluated using correlation coefficients. Intraindividual variability of longitudinal MRI data was estimated by mean squared error.RESULTSThe associations of the cross‐sectional and longitudinal MRI measures between commonly used techniques and ScanView were significant (r/rho = .83‐.95). The associations of cross‐sectional MRI measures were stronger (r/rho = .90‐.95) compared with longitudinal ones (r = .83). Standardized intraindividual variability of whole brain % volume change was greater in ScanView compared with SIENA (mean squared error .32 vs. .21; P < .001).CONCLUSIONSWe found relatively strong correlations of cross‐sectional and longitudinal data obtained by both techniques. However, SIENA showed lower intraindividual variability than the ScanView method in measuring whole brain volume loss over time.
School‐Based Sleep Education Programs for Short Sleep Duration in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chung Ka‐Fai , Chan Man‐Sum , Lam Ying‐Yin , Lai Cindy Sin‐Yee , Yeung Wing‐Fai 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDInsufficient sleep among students is a major school health problem. School‐based sleep education programs tailored to reach large number of students may be one of the solutions. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to summarize the programs' effectiveness and current status.METHODSElectronic databases were searched up until May 2015. Randomized controlled trials of school‐based sleep intervention among 10‐ to 19‐year‐old students with outcome on total sleep duration were included. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane's risk of bias assessment.RESULTSSeven studies were included, involving 1876 students receiving sleep education programs and 2483 attending classes‐as‐usual. Four weekly 50‐minute sleep education classes were most commonly provided. Methodological quality was only moderate, with a high or an uncertain risk of bias in several domains. Compared to classes‐as‐usual, sleep education programs produced significantly longer weekday and weekend total sleep time and better mood among students at immediate post‐treatment, but the improvements were not maintained at follow‐up.CONCLUSIONSLimited by the small number of studies and methodological limitations, the preliminary data showed that school‐based sleep education programs produced short‐term benefits. Future studies should explore integrating sleep education with delayed school start time or other more effective approaches.
Neuroprotection by plumbagin involves BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2/JNK pathways in isoflurane-induced neonatal rats
Authors: Yuan Jun-Hui , Pan Feng , Chen Jie , Chen Cai-Er , Xie Deng-Pan , Jiang Xing-Zhu , Guo Su-Juan , Zhou Jun 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Objectives
This study was designed to assess the effects of plumbagin on isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.

Methods
Neonatal Sprague Dawley rat pups were treated with plumbagin (50, 100 or 150 mg/kg body weight, orally) from postnatal day 2. The pups on postnatal day 7 were subjected to isoflurane (0.75%) exposure for 6 h. Neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal tissues was detected by TUNEL assay and FluroJade B staining following isoflurane exposure. Protein expressions were analysed by immunoblotting. RT-PCR was performed to assess mRNA levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and TrkB.

Key findings
We observed reduced apoptosis in hippocampal CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus regions along with severely reduced pro-apoptotic factors (Bad, Bax and cleaved caspase-3) expression and raised levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin, xIAP and cIAPs (cell survival proteins) in plumbagin supplemented rats. Decrease in the levels of JNK, phospho-JNK, c-Jun and phospho-c-Jun with enhanced ERK1/2 levels was observed on plumbagin pretreatment. Down-regulated PI3K/Akt signalling following isoflurane was activated by plumbagin as evidenced by raised PI3K/Akt pathway proteins – mTORc1, Akt, phospho-Akt, GSK-3β, phospho-GSK-3β, PTEN and NF-κBp65 in the hippocampal tissues as detected by Western blotting. The mRNA levels were enhanced on plumbagin supplementation.

Conclusions
Plumbagin exerted its neuroprotective effects by effectively suppressing isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis via regulating BDNF-TrkB-PI3/Akt and ERK/JNK signalling.
Rural Medicine Realities: The Impact of Immersion on Urban‐Based Medical Students
Authors: Crump Allison M. , Jeter Karie , Mullins Samantha , Shadoan Amber , Ziegler Craig , Crump William J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of our study was to determine what effect a rural‐based 8‐week surgical clerkship during the third year of medical school in a rural setting has on students' opinions about rural living and practice.MethodsThirty‐three third‐year medical students completed a rural health opinion survey at the beginning and end of their 8‐week rural rotation and a survey measuring their interest in rural practice after the rotation. The setting was a rural hospital with an average acute care census of 100 that is a regional referral center for 5 rural counties.FindingsUrban campus‐based students had a statistically significant positive change in opinions about rural comfortable living, availability of quality services, community support, and medical resources. The urban campus‐based students also showed a significantly increased interest in small town practice after the rotation.ConclusionsOur hypothesis that urban‐based students would report an increased level of rural community support at the end of the rotation was confirmed. These urban‐based students also reported positive opinions about rural living and practice. The students primarily based at the urban campus also showed a statistically significant more positive attitude toward pursuing a career in a small town after the 8‐week experience. This suggests that brief rural immersion experiences may make the larger student pool at an urban campus available to address rural workforce challenges. Future studies at multiple rural sites with a larger sample size are needed to confirm this possibility.
Trends and Characteristics of Occupational Suicide and Homicide in Farmers and Agriculture Workers, 1992–2010
Authors: Ringgenberg Wendy , Peek‐Asa Corinne , Donham Kelley , Ramirez Marizen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe examined work‐related homicides and suicides among farm operators/workers in the United States from 1992 to 2010.MethodsWork‐related homicide and suicide cases from 1992 to 2010 were obtained from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. To calculate rates, denominator data on the US working population were also obtained from 2003 to 2010 Current Population Survey. Logistic regression was used to identify factors that were differentially associated with homicide and suicide.ResultsOver these 19 years, 171 farm operators/workers died from homicide and 230 died from suicide. When compared to rates of all workers, suicide rates were higher while homicide rates were lower among farm operators/workers. Males (OR = 6.1), whites (OR = 4.7), and 35‐ to 54‐year‐old (OR = 2.3) farm operators/workers had increased odds of suicide over homicide compared with their respective counterparts (ie, females, nonwhites, <35‐year‐olds). Those working in smaller farm operations with <11 employees had 1.7 times the odds of suicide over homicide.ConclusionsSuicide and homicide are both present in the agricultural industry, with suicide being more common than homicide. Translation of suicide prevention programs should be explored for the agricultural industry.
Local foods can meet micronutrient needs for women in urban Burkina Faso, but only if rarely consumed micronutrient‐dense foods are included in daily diets: A linear programming exercise
Authors: Arimond Mary , Vitta Bineti S. , Martin‐Prével Yves , Moursi Mourad , Dewey Kathryn G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWomen of reproductive age are at nutritional risk due to their need for nutrient‐dense diets. Risk is further elevated in resource‐poor environments. In one such environment, we evaluated feasibility of meeting micronutrient needs of women of reproductive age using local foods alone or using local foods and supplements, while minimizing cost. Based on dietary recall data from Ouagadougou, we used linear programming to identify the lowest cost options for meeting 10 micronutrient intake recommendations, while also meeting energy needs and following an acceptable macronutrient intake pattern. We modeled scenarios with maximum intake per food item constrained at the 75th percentile of reported intake and also with more liberal maxima based on recommended portions per day, with and without the addition of supplements. Some scenarios allowed only commonly consumed foods (reported on at least 10% of recall days). We modeled separately for pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant, nonlactating women. With maxima constrained to the 75th percentile, all micronutrient needs could be met with local foods but only when several nutrient‐dense but rarely consumed items were included in daily diets. When only commonly consumed foods were allowed, micronutrient needs could not be met without supplements. When larger amounts of common animal‐source foods were allowed, all needs could be met for nonpregnant, nonlactating women but not for pregnant or lactating women, without supplements. We conclude that locally available foods could meet micronutrient needs but that to achieve this, strategies would be needed to increase consistent availability in markets, consistent economic access, and demand.
Mitochondrial characteristics in oocytes of the domestic cat (Felis catus) after in vitro maturation and vitrification
Authors: Sowińska N , Müller K , Niżański W , Jewgenow K 
Published: May 2017

ContentsThe objective of this study was to evaluate mitochondria in immature and in vitro‐matured domestic cat oocytes and to assess for the first time the effect of vitrification on mitochondrial traits. Mitochondrial distribution and aggregation were assessed using confocal microscopy after staining with the fluorescent dye—MitoTracker® Red CMXRos. Only cells at the germinal vesicle and the metaphase II stages of nuclear development, representing immature and mature oocytes, respectively, were included in our study. Our study shows that 80% of immature and 100% of mature oocytes exhibit a peripheral pattern of mitochondria distribution, indicating that, in contrast to the situation in other species, the mitochondria of cat oocytes are not dispersed throughout the cell after in vitro maturation but instead maintain a strong affinity for the oocyte periphery near the membrane. However, a loss of aggregation was observed during in vitro maturation—78% of immature oocytes showed homogeneous granulation versus only 18% of mature oocytes (p < .001). The increased intensity of MitoTracker® Red CMXRos staining after in vitro maturation (p < .05) may be tentatively attributed to an increase in mitochondrial activity but could likewise reflect a concomitant appearance of sulphhydryl groups in cytoplasm (known to be targeted by the dye). Mitochondrial distribution did not change upon vitrification; however, dye intensity decreased (p < .05) and mitochondrial aggregation was intensified in both immature and mature vitrified cat oocytes.
Cripping sexualities: An analytic review of theoretical and empirical writing on the intersection of disabilities and sexualities
Authors: Santinele Martino Alan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper provides a review of some of the literature addressing the juncture of disabilities and sexualities and invites sociologists to build on this work and take part in this important intersectional field. First, I discuss the central relevance of an intersectional lens for making sense of the unique experiences of queer people with disabilities who are located at the crossroads of various stratified systems. Then, I discuss some of the many unique challenges that queer disabled people face when exploring their sexuality, establishing relationships, and remaining sexual. The invisibility, marginalization, and discrimination of queer people with disabilities in both queer and disability communities are the focus on the third section. The fourth section speaks to current theoretical dialogues between disability studies and queer theory that have illuminated new pathways for theorizing the intersection of disabilities and sexualities, “cripping” sociological theories, and reimagining disability within sociology. As I demonstrate, this literature is growing; however, myriad exciting opportunities for empirical and theoretical sociological exploration remain and I will conclude with a discussion of possible directions for future research.
Citizenship and inequality in a global age
Authors: Aneesh A. , Wolover D.J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlthough the notion of national citizenship has long held the promise of equal membership, it has proved less useful in a world of circulating cultures, people, and loyalties through money, media, and migration. The increasing mobility of capital and people across national borders compels us to conceptualize welfare and inequality at the global level. Although the enforcement of citizen rights remains within the purview of the nation‐state, the source of these rights can no longer be firmly placed within the national framework. From cosmopolitan imaginations to postnational research, contemporary configurations of citizenship trace their legitimacy to global discourses that increasingly challenge the national order of citizenship. Yet current transformations in citizenship also point to the possibility of new inequalities, particularly, when nation‐states are increasingly able to modulate the rights they make available to immigrants, and differentiate among refugees, professionals, and investors among many other categories of people.
Environmental attitudes and the politics of distrust
Authors: Fairbrother Malcolm 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article reviews recent studies showing that distrust lies at the heart of the serious crisis of sustainability that humanity is failing to address, insofar as distrust of environmental scientists, communicators, and policymakers are all undermining public demand for better public policies. Generalised distrust of scientists is rare, but political distrust is ubiquitous, such that even people who are concerned about environmental problems are often opposed to potential policy solutions. There are also people, however, who do not even believe in some of the problems—most notably climate change. This scepticism is sometimes interpreted as a consequence of their preferring free markets to regulation; in other ways, though, the sceptics are not at all sympathetic to free markets. What appears more distinctive about them is their distrust of virtually all elite social institutions, including communities of experts, and a corresponding divide between their beliefs and preferences and those of experts generally.
Translating transgender: Using Western discourses to understand Samoan fa'afāfine
Authors: Schmidt Johanna M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe analysis of gender as a socially constructed category is one of the foundations of the sociological project. The concept of transgender is of particular interest, in that it reveals that sex is not necessarily constitutive of gender. Gender nonconformity in non‐Western contexts particularly demonstrates that the ways in which sex, gender, and sexuality are conceptualised in Western discourses are open to challenge. However, academic research about non‐Western transgender identities and populations often ultimately replicates specific heteronormative and/or Western ways of seeing the world. In this article, I discuss how Samoan fa'afāfine have been represented by various academic disciplines, using a sociological perspective to deconstruct discourses commonly used in this process, which include Orientalism, essentialism, and functionalism. I then outline research that allows for a more nuanced understanding of the lived experience of fa'afāfine, situating them within the broader Samoan cultural context and paying attention to how fa'afāfine themselves construct and maintain their identities. I conclude that this more holistic approach should be taken with all representations of non‐Western and Western nonheteronormative identities and populations.