bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red beet betalains extraction process: A comprehensive review of methods, applications, and physicochemical properties
Authors: Eyshi Saba , Ghareaghajlou Nazila , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza , Ghasempour Zahra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRed beet extract is rich in bioactive compounds and possesses health‐promoting properties. Moreover, the stability of red beet extract over a broad acidic pH range has given them great potential in developing new functional foods and drinks. The choice of extraction solvent and methodology significantly influences the efficiency of betalain extraction from plant vacuoles. Although the conventional solvent extraction method has been widely employed for betalain extraction, recent innovations have introduced alternative methods that offer advantages, such as reduced solvent consumption, energy efficiency, and minimized exposure to high temperatures. This paper aims to summarize the current knowledge about conventional and novel extraction methods, applications, biological activities, and purification of red beet betalains. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of betalain‐rich extract of red beet and associated safety considerations have been investigated.
In Situ Driven Formation of Anatase/Brookite/Rutile Heterojunction N/TiO2 Nanocrystals as Sustainable Visible‐Light Catalysts
Authors: Assayehegn Elias , Solaiappan Ananthakumar , Gidey Abraha Tadese , Gebreegziabher Gebremedhin Gebremariam , Gebretsadik Tesfamariam Teklu , Chebude Yonas , Alemayehu Esayas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVisible‐light active anatase/brookite/rutile (A/B/R) ternary N‐doped titania (N/TiO2) crystals are successfully prepared by a facile sol‐gel method using titanium butoxide and benign N‐dopant source, guanidinium chloride. Systematically varying the aging time (1, 4, 8, and 12 d), its influence on physicochemical properties of as‐obtained spherical heterojunction nanomaterials is studied. Detailed characterizations confirm that a substantial amount of anatase (88% to 50%) is transformed to rutile (2% to 38%) via intermediate brookite phase (9% to 25%) as the function of aging time; not only the A/B/R phase content of the samples is tuned by sol‐gel aging time of the precursors solution but also their optical‐response and methylene blue photocatalytic properties are profoundly dictated. Notably under visible‐light irradiation, the photostable rutile rich mesoporous A/B/R triphasic N/TiO2 (50% A, 12% B, 38% R) aged for 12 d demonstrates higher degradation activity (97%) with a faster degradation rate (0.033 min−1) than both lesser aged N/TiO2 and undoped titania. This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic effect of interstitial‐N‐doping and optimal A/B/R interfacial charge transfer that leads to higher light absorption, lower bandgap energy and well‐separated charge carriers. The current work provides a new perspective for designing highly active visible‐light heterostructure nanomaterials with controllable phase composition.
A comprehensive method for error separation in hydrological modelling
Authors: Zhao Yilian , Li Hongyan , Zhao Lixin , Li Changhai , Chen Songliang , Su Xiaosi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEvaluation metrics play a pivotal role in the calibration process of hydrological models, serving as objective functions that directly influence the final values of model parameters and significantly affect users' perceptions of model performance. However, the choice and interpretation of evaluation metrics are subjective; therefore, this study provides a more objective framework for assessing model performance. This paper initially explored the applicability of various commonly used evaluation metrics, providing an overview of their limitations. Following this, we decomposed errors by analysing their physical significance and geometric representation in scatter plots, categorizing them into systematic and unsystematic errors. Through the decomposition and derivation of the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) formula, we established the quantitative relationship among various evaluation metrics. The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was utilized to simulate monthly runoff in the Baishan basin (China), for the period 1994–2017, with NSE serving as the objective function for calibration. Our findings are consistent with previous studies, indicating that the model tends to slightly underestimate high flows while significantly overestimating low flows. Further analysis through error decomposition and the examination of relationships among various evaluation metrics revealed that unsystematic errors were dominant during the spring snowmelt runoff period, while systematic errors prevailed in the dry season. By evaluating the runoff series based on the magnitude of runoff or by categorizing it according to seasons and months, a more stringent assessment of the model's performance was achieved. These findings not only highlight the necessity for careful selection of evaluation metrics but also underscore the significance of our methodological advancements in enhancing hydrological model precision and reliability.
Evaluating input data sources for isotope‐enabled rainfall‐runoff models
Authors: Watson Andrew , Birkel Christian , Arciniega‐Esparza Saul , de Waal Jan , Miller Jodie , Vystavna Yuliya , van Rooyen Jared , Welham Angela , Bong Hayoung , Yoshimura Kei , Helmschrot Jörg , Künne Annika , Kralisch Sven 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIsotope‐enabled models provide a means to generate robust hydrological simulations. However, daily isotope‐enabled rainfall‐runoff models applied to larger spatial scales (>100 km2) require more input data than conventional non‐isotope models in the form of precipitation isotope time series, which are difficult to generate even with point station measurements. Spatially distributed isotope data can be circumvented by isotope‐enabled climate models. Here, we evaluate the hydrological simulations of the J2000‐isotope enabled hydrological model driven with data from corrected and un‐corrected isotope‐enabled global and regional climate models (isotope‐enabled global spectral model [IsoGSM] and isotope‐enabled regional spectral model [IsoRSM], respectively) compared with 1 year of measured reference station and a yearly average precipitation isotope input for a pilot site, the data‐scarce sub‐humid Eerste River catchment in South Africa. The models driven by all input products performed well for upstream and downstream discharge gauges with Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) from 0.58 to 0.85 and LogNSE of 0.66 to 0.93. The simulated δ2H stream isotopes using the reference J2000‐iso and J2000‐isoRSM were good for the main river with a stream Kling Gupta efficiency (KGE) of between 0.4–0.9 and the top 100 Monte Carlo simulations varying by around 5‰ for δ2H. For smaller tributaries the model was unable to capture the measured stream isotopes due to biased precipitation isotope inputs. Adjusting the J2000‐iso with a bias corrected IsoRSM improved the stream and groundwater isotope simulation and outperformed the model driven by an average yearly precipitation isotope input. Differences in simulated hydrological processes were only evident between the models when evaluating percolation with unrealistic simulations for the standard J2000 model. While the regional climate model is computationally more intensive than its global counterpart, it provided better stream isotope simulations and improvements to simulated percolation. Our results indicate that isotope‐enabled climate models can provide useful input data in data scarce regions for hydrological models, where improved water management to address climate change impacts is needed.
Mechanisms of Sigma‐2/TMEM97 Involvement in Cholesterol Metabolism
Authors: Parente Martina , Tonini Claudia , Caputo Sara , Fiocchetti Marco , Pallottini Valentina 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTExtensive research has focused on cellular cholesterol and its regulation, primarily due to its crucial physiological roles and its association with numerous diseases resulting from dysregulated homeostasis. Consequently, investigating cholesterol metabolism and the network of regulating proteins remains an ongoing challenge for biomedical research seeking new molecular targets to manage aberrant cholesterol levels in pathologic conditions. There is evidence that Sigma‐2/TMEM97 receptor regulates cholesterol metabolism. However, the mechanisms remain incompletely understood to date. Therefore, this study aimed to employ a pharmacological approach based on selective Sigma‐2/TMEM97 agonists, rimcazole and siramesine, to uncover the contribution of this receptor to cholesterol homeostasis. Our results indicate that Sigma‐2/TMEM97 activation modulates cholesterol uptake by altering key proteins involved in, leading to free cholesterol and neutral lipids accumulation. This sheds light on potential mechanisms implied, contributing a new piece to the intricate puzzle of cholesterol metabolism homeostasis.
Repurposing Non‐Nucleosidic Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) to Overcome EGFR T790M‐Mediated Acquired Resistance in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ahmad Iqrar , Patel Harun M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the repurposing potential of non‐nucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), specifically Rilpivirine and Etravirine, as L858R/T790M tyrosine kinase inhibitors for addressing acquired resistance in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using in silico molecular docking, Rilpivirine demonstrated a docking score of −7.534 kcal/mol, comparable to established epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) like Osimertinib and WZ4002. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations over 200 ns revealed the stability of the Rilpivirine–EGFR complex, with RMSD values ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 Å. The in vitro antiproliferative assays showed that Rilpivirine had an IC50 value of 2.3 µM against H1975 cells, while WZ4002 had an IC50 of 0.291 µM, indicating moderate efficacy. Enzymatic assays revealed that Rilpivirine inhibited the double mutant epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR TK) with an IC50 value of 54.22 nM and spared the wild‐type EGFR TK with an IC50 of 22.52 nM. These findings suggest Rilpivirine's potential as a therapeutic agent for NSCLC with EGFR L858R/T790M mutations
Novel variant related to SATB2‐associated syndrome
Authors: Benyahya Nada , Amllal Nada , Elalaoui Siham Chafai , El Alloussi Mustapha , Sefiani Abdelaziz , Lyahyai Jaber 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSATB2‐associated syndrome (SAS) also known as Glass syndrome is characterized by/intellectual disability and/or developmental delay coupled with absent or limited speech development. Other abnormalities can be noticed including craniofacial anomalies such as palatal and dental anomalies, behavioural problems and dysmorphic features. It is associated with pathogenic monoallelic variants of the SATB2 gene known to play a key role in brain, dental and jaw development. As phenotype could be unspecific and progressive, clinical diagnostic is difficult. Therefore, genetic testing is mandatory to confirm the disease. Herein, we report clinical and molecular data of a 13‐year‐old girl with psychomotor developmental delay and behavioural problems.Methods and resultsNext‐generation sequencing detected the novel monoallelic frameshift variant SATB2(NM_001172509.2): c.1135del(p.Gln379Lysfs*34). Currently, this variant is classified as likely pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the presence of the detected variant in the patient and confirm de novo character of this latter.ConclusionThrough this work, we emphasize the value of next‐generation sequencing for a precise molecular diagnosis, an adapted clinical management of patients and an adequate genetic counselling of their families.
Multi‐response kinetic study of Maillard reaction hazards in the glucose‐lysine model system
Authors: Liu Kaihua , Liu Zhijie , Miao Junjian , Huang Yiqun , Lai Keqiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDNε‐carboxymethyllysine (CML), Nε‐carboxyethyllysine (CEL) and α‐aminoadipic acid (AAA) are important foodborne hazards and their intake can cause a variety of diseases in humans. It is extremely important to investigate the formation mechanism of CML, CEL and AAA, as well as their association with each other when aiming to control their production.RESULTSA multi‐response kinetic model was developed within the glucose‐lysine Maillard reaction model system. The concentrations of glucose, lysine, glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO), CML, CEL and AAA were quantified at different temperature (100–160 °C) and at different intervals (0–60 min). The experimental data were fitted to the proposed model to calculate kinetic parameters for the corresponding steps. The results indicated that the production of CML was primarily relied on the direct oxidative cleavage of the Amadori product, rather than the reaction between GO and Lys, whereas CEL and AAA were generated through the reaction of MGO with Lys. Significantly, the reaction between α‐dicarbonyl compounds and Lys preferentially generated CML and CEL, resulting in the lower concentrations of AAA compared to CML and CEL.CONCLUSIONThe multi‐response kinetic model developed in the present study can be applied well to the Maillard reaction. The relationship between the formation mechanisms of CML, CEL and AAA is also explained. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The interaction between vegetation patchiness and tidal flows in a shortleaf seagrass meadow
Authors: da Silva Tiago D. , Mullarney Julia C. , Pilditch Conrad A. , Coco Giovanni 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSeagrasses are critical coastal habitats that provide numerous ecosystem services. The inherent patchiness within meadows exerts a significant influence on the flow‐vegetation interaction, which, in turn, affects the array of services provided by these environments. We present field observations of vegetation distribution and hydrodynamic measurements within and surrounding an approximately 2 m diameter gap (bare sediment) in a fragmented seagrass meadow. We show that variability in mean flows and turbulence is correlated with meadow structure at small (O (100 m)) and large (O (102 m)) spatial scales. Our observations reveal that bare gaps within seagrass meadows lead to faster flows and lower bed elevations. Despite slower flow speeds above the dense seagrass adjacent to the gap, the rates of dissipation of turbulent energy above the vegetation are typically around an order of magnitude larger than above the bare bed. Associated with this enhanced dissipation of turbulent energy, we observed a dominance of down‐deceleration events promoting fluid exchange and mixing and driving mass flux into the canopy. Analysis of directional variograms demonstrates that the major continuity axis within NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) imagery (used as a proxy for vegetation biomass) coincides with the major axis of flow on both gap and meadow scales. Conversely, along the axis of minor flow variance, vegetation remains dense and exhibits greater uniformity. These findings indicate a feedback mechanism between seagrass meadow patchiness and spatial structure through flow modification, which may be beneficial for plant development.
Current emerging therapeutic targets and clinical investigational agents for schizophrenia: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Ye Na , Wang Qi , Li Yue , Zhen Xuechu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSince the first discovery of antipsychotics in the 1950s, targeting dopaminergic drugs has manifested to well manage the positive symptoms of schizophrenia with limited efficacy for the negative and cognitive symptoms. In past decades, extensive efforts have been undertaken towards the development of innovative agents that can effectively stabilize the dopamine and serotonin systems or target to nondopaminergic pathways, leading to various promising drug candidates entering into clinical trials. Notably, the sigma‐2, 5‐HT2A, and α1A receptor antagonist roluperidone, as well as a fixed‐dose combination of the M1/4 receptor agonist KarXT, have been submitted for NDA applications. The dual agonist ulotaront, which targets TAAR1 and 5‐HT1A receptors, and the GlyT1 inhibitor iclepertin have advanced into phase 3 clinical trials. Nevertheless, satisfactory therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia remain elusive. This review highlights current clinical endeavors in developing novel chemical small‐molecule entities and fixed‐dose combinations for the treatment of schizophrenia since 2017, thus facilitating the efficient development of the next generation of antipsychotics.
Compact 13–34 GHz ultrawideband on‐chip bandpass filter using the coupled meandered line
Authors: Hong Xu , Zhang Shengkang , Jiang Yan , Zhu Jinfeng , Shi Yongrong , Feng Linping , Wu Xiaoming , Zhou Jianyang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article presents an ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) using integrated passive device technology on a GaAs substrate. This bandpass filter uses a multistage coupled line to achieve an ultrawide passband. The filter with a 3 dB fractional bandwidth can achieve a UWB of 106.1% (11.8–38.5 GHz). Introducing short‐circuit capacitors and two open microstrip lines between coupling lines achieved two transmission zeros on both sides of the passband and excellent frequency selectivity. Furthermore, to improve impedance matching performance within the ultrawide passband, a step impedance resonator (SIR) structure was adopted for the coupling line. To demonstrate the working mechanism of the proposed BPF, an LC equivalent circuit model was proposed and analyzed to investigate transmission poles and zeros. The suggested filter was fabricated into a small size of 1.4 × 0.85 mm2. According to the measurement results, the filter's insertion loss in the 13–34 GHz range was less than 2 dB, and its return loss exceeded −12 dB. The improved performance of the suggested filter was validated by the consistency between simulation results and measured findings.
Local and whole‐body SAR in UHF body imaging: Implications for SAR matrix compression
Authors: Fiedler Thomas M. , Ladd Mark E. , Orzada Stephan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTransmit arrays for body imaging have characteristics of both volume and local transmit coils. This study evaluates two specific absorption rate (SAR) aspects, local and whole‐body SAR, of arrays for body imaging at 7 T and also for a 3 T birdcage.MethodsSimulations were performed for six antenna arrays at 7 T and one 3 T birdcage. Local SAR matrices and the whole‐body SAR matrix were computed and evaluated with random shims. A set of reduced local SAR matrices was determined by removing all matrices dominated by the whole‐body SAR matrix.ResultsThe results indicate that all RF transmit coils for body imaging in this study are constrained by the local SAR limit. The ratio between local and whole‐body SAR is nevertheless smaller for arrays with large FOV, as these arrays also expose a larger part of the human body.By using the whole‐body SAR matrix, the number of local SAR matrices can be reduced (e.g., 33.3% matrices remained for an 8‐channel local array and 89.7% for a 30‐channel remote array; 12.1% for the 3 T birdcage).ConclusionFor transmit antenna arrays used for body imaging at 7 T as well as for the 3 T birdcage, all evaluated cases show that the local SAR limit was reached before reaching the whole‐body SAR limit. Nevertheless, the whole‐body SAR matrix can be used to reduce the number of local SAR matrices, which is important to reduce memory and computing time for a virtual observation points (VOP) compression. This step can be included as a pre‐compression prior to a VOP compression.
A data‐assisted physics‐informed neural network (DA‐PINN) for fretting fatigue lifetime prediction
Authors: Wang Can , Xiao Qiqi , Zhou Zhikun , Yang Yongyu , Kosec Gregor , Wang Lihua , Abdel Wahab Magd 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, we present for the first time the application of physics‐informed neural network (PINN) to fretting fatigue problems. Although PINN has recently been applied to pure fatigue lifetime prediction, it has not yet been explored in the case of fretting fatigue. We propose a data‐assisted PINN (DA‐PINN) for predicting fretting fatigue crack initiation lifetime. Unlike traditional PINN that solves partial differential equations for specific problems, DA‐PINN combines experimental or numerical data with physics equations as part of the loss function to enhance prediction accuracy. The DA‐PINN method, employed in this study, consists of two main steps. First, damage parameters are obtained from the finite element method by using critical plane method, which generates a data set used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting damage parameters in other cases. Second, the predicted damage parameters are combined with the experimental parameters to form the input data set for the DA‐PINN models, which predict fretting fatigue lifetime. The results demonstrate that DA‐PINN outperforms ANN in terms of prediction accuracy and eliminates the need for high computational costs once the damage parameter data set is constructed. Additionally, the choice of loss‐function methods in DA‐PINN models plays a crucial role in determining its performance.
Land parcellation reduced spatial redundancy resulting in grassland degradation
Authors: Jiao JianXin , Li ShanShan , Wang WenYin , Qi LingYan , Degen A. Allan , Bai YanFu , Jiao Ting , Shang ZhanHuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Degradation is the most immediate threat to biodiversity and sustainable livelihoods of global pastoral grasslands. However, we are still uncertain why grassland degradation is enhanced by the land policy of grassland parcellation. We hypothesized that spatial redundancy of the grazing system, that is, parcellation accelerates land fragmentation and reduces spatial redundancy, leads to land degradation. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between households, livestock and grassland management under the grassland contract policy, and to determine the causes and consequences of grassland fragmentation and degradation.

We interviewed households who received land under the grassland contract policy in typical pastoral areas of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, and then, we employed binary logistic regressions, multinomial logistic regressions and fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analyses to examine the relationship between spatial redundancy and grassland–livestock balance.

A very significant (p < 0.001) negative asymptotic exponential trend emerged between grassland area and stocking rate, but with regional differences. Grassland spatial redundancy and stocking rate displayed a significant (r2 = 0.96; p < 0.05) negative asymptotic exponential trend, that is, households with a lower spatial redundancy had a higher stocking rate.

Based on our results, spatial redundancy can be used as one of the key indices to evaluate landscape stability of grazing systems. In any terrestrial ecosystem, the size of spatial redundancy reflects the carrying capacity of the land and determines the delicate relationship between land, animals and population, that is, in equilibrium or non‐equilibrium.

Therefore, taking the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau as an example, we face the spread of grassland degradation caused by the gradual fragmentation of resources under the current grassland contract policy and parcellation in global pastoral areas. Determining the spatial redundancy size of grassland is an important prerequisite for understanding grassland degradation and formulating grassland management strategies. These novel findings have potential beneficial information for resource utilization, especially land management planning in pastoral areas worldwide.

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