bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Some Management Options against Brinjal (<i>Solanum melongena</i> L.) Shoot and Fruit Borer (<i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i> [Guenee])
Authors: Akter Sharmin , Alam MZ , Rahman MM , Akanda AM 
Published: August 2017

A field study was conducted to find out the effectiveness of five management options: i) Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), ii) Tracer 45 SC (Spinosad), iii) Proclaim 5 SG (Emamectin benzoate), iv) mechanical control, and v) untreated control for suppressing brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) during-2012 at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU). The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results indicated that Tracer 45 SC performed the best in reducing 85.60% shoot infestation over control, which was followed by Proclaim 5 SG (76.62%), Bacillus thuringiensis (66.41%) and mechanical control (22.02%). The best performance of fruit infestation reduction over control by number and by weight was also obtained in Tracer 45 SC treated plots and reduced 88.80 and 89.46%, respectively. This was followed by Proclaim 5 SG (65.58 and 67.29%), Bacillus thuringiensis (52.63 and 54.28%) and mechanical control (31.88 and 19.04%). The highest yield of 11.20 t ha-1 and highest benefit cost ratio of 5.32 were recorded in Tracer 45 SC treated plots.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 49-57
Seed Yield and Quality of Late Season Direct Seeded Kenaf (<i>Hibiscus cannabinus</i> L.) as Influenced by Spacing and Time of De-topping
Authors: Mollah Md. Abul Fazal , Rahman Md. Moshiur , Zablul Tareq Md. , Zahidul Hoque ABM , Mehedi Hasan Mir 
Published: August 2017

An experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Regional Station, Kishoreganj during July to December of 2010 and 2011 to investigate the effect of spacing and de-topping on yield and quality of kenaf seeds cv. HC-95 grown under direct seeding method. Three plants spacings (40 cm × 15 cm, 30 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 15 cm) and four de-topping treatments (no de-topping, de-topping at 15, 30 and 45 days after emergence (DAE) were applied in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The highest yield of kenaf seed (1403 and 1646 kgha-1 in 2010 and 2011, respectively) was obtained from sowing at 30 cm × 15 cm spacing. The best quality seed in respect to germination and vigour was also obtained from sowing at 30 cm × 15 cm spacing. The highest seed yield, germination and vigour of seed were obtained for de-topped at 45 days after emergence. It is concluded that the highest seed yield and quality of late season direct seeded kenaf could be obtained by sowing at a spacing of 30 cm x 15 cm and de-topping at 45 days after emergence. The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 92-100
Le passif en français est-il une construction, au sens des grammaires de construction ?
Authors: Jalenques Pierre 
Published: August 2017

Le passif est généralement présenté comme un exemple typique de construction , au sens des Grammaires de construction, notamment dans les travaux de A. Goldberg. Dans cette perspective, le sens du passif est présenté comme non compositionnel par rapport à ses éléments constitutifs. À partir de là, nous réinterrogerons la notion même de construction , en particulier du point de vue de la compositionnalité du sens. Nous proposerons ensuite une analyse sémantique compositionnelle du passif périphrastique en français. Nous montrons que la signification de celui-ci découle centralement de la combinaison du sens du verbe être en tant que copule et du sens du participe passé employé nu. Cette analyse conduit à relativiser le poids de la non-compositionnalité du sens (totale ou partielle) dans la définition de la notion de construction , au moins pour le passif périphrastique en français.
Notch Balances Th17 and Induced Regulatory T Cell Functions in Dendritic Cells by Regulating Aldh1a2 Expression
Authors: Zaman Taskia Sultana , Arimochi Hideki , Maruyama Satoshi , Ishifune Chieko , Tsukumo Shin-ichi , Kitamura Akiko , Yasutomo Koji 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are important for adaptive immune responses through the activation of T cells. The molecular interplay between DCs and T cells determines the magnitude of T cell responses or outcomes of functional differentiation of T cells. In this study, we demonstrated that DCs in mice that are Rbpj deficient in CD11c+ cells (Rbpj−/− mice) promoted the differentiation of IL-17A–producing Th17 cells. Rbpj-deficient DCs expressed little Aldh1a2 protein that is required for generating retinoic acid. Those DCs exhibited a reduced ability for differentiating regulatory T cells induced by TGF-β. Rbpj protein directly regulated Aldh1a2 transcription by binding to its promoter region. The overexpression of Aldh1a2 in Rbpj-deficient DCs negated their Th17-promoting ability. Transfer of naive CD4+ T cells into Rag1-deficient Rbpj−/− mice enhanced colitis with increased Th17 and reduced induced regulatory T cells (iTreg) compared with control Rag1-deficient mice. The cotransfer of iTreg and naive CD4+ T cells into Rag1-deficient Rbpj−/− mice improved colitis compared with transfer of naive CD4+ T cell alone. Furthermore, cotransfer of DCs from Rbpj−/− mice that overexpressed Aldh1a2 or Notch-stimulated DCs together with naive CD4+ T cells into Rbpj−/− Rag1-deficient mice led to reduced colitis with increased iTreg numbers. Therefore, our studies identify Notch signaling in DCs as a crucial balancer of Th17/iTreg, which depends on the direct regulation of Aldh1a2 transcription in DCs.
Erythroid Suppressor Cells Compromise Neonatal Immune Response against Bordetella pertussis
Authors: Dunsmore Garett , Bozorgmehr Najmeh , Delyea Cole , Koleva Petya , Namdar Afshin , Elahi Shokrollah 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Newborns are highly susceptible to infection. The underlying mechanism of neonatal infection susceptibility has generally been associated with neonatal immune cell immaturity. In this study, we challenged this notion and built upon our recent discovery that neonates are physiologically enriched with erythroid TER119+CD71+ cells (Elahi et al. 2013. Nature 504: 158–162). We have used Bordetella pertussis, a common neonatal respiratory tract infection, as a proof of concept to investigate the role of these cells in newborns. We found that CD71+ cells have distinctive immune-suppressive properties and suppress innate immune responses against B. pertussis infection. CD71+ cell ablation unleashed innate immune response and restored resistance to B. pertussis infection. In contrast, adoptive transfer of neonatal CD71+ cells into adult recipients impaired their innate immune response to B. pertussis infection. Enhanced innate immune response to B. pertussis was characterized by increased production of protective cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12, as well as recruitment of NK cells, CD11b+, and CD11c+ cells in the lung. Neonatal and human cord blood CD71+ cells express arginase II, and this enzymatic activity inhibits phagocytosis of B. pertussis in vitro. Thus, our study challenges the notion that neonatal infection susceptibility is due to immune cell–intrinsic defects and instead highlights active immune suppression mediated by abundant CD71+ cells in the newborn. Our findings provide additional support for the novel theme in neonatal immunology that immunosuppression is essential to dampen robust immune responses in the neonate. We anticipate that our results will spark renewed investigation in modulating the function of these cells and developing novel strategies for enhancing host defense to infections in newborns.
Investigating the dependence of SCM simulated precipitation and clouds on the spatial scale of large‐scale forcing at SGP
Authors: Tang Shuaiqi , Zhang Minghua , Xie Shaocheng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLarge‐scale forcing data, such as vertical velocity and advective tendencies, are required to drive single‐column models (SCMs), cloud‐resolving models, and large‐eddy simulations. Previous studies suggest that some errors of these model simulations could be attributed to the lack of spatial variability in the specified domain‐mean large‐scale forcing. This study investigates the spatial variability of the forcing and explores its impact on SCM simulated precipitation and clouds. A gridded large‐scale forcing data during the March 2000 Cloud Intensive Operational Period at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program's Southern Great Plains site is used for analysis and to drive the single‐column version of the Community Atmospheric Model Version 5 (SCAM5). When the gridded forcing data show large spatial variability, such as during a frontal passage, SCAM5 with the domain‐mean forcing is not able to capture the convective systems that are partly located in the domain or that only occupy part of the domain. This problem has been largely reduced by using the gridded forcing data, which allows running SCAM5 in each subcolumn and then averaging the results within the domain. This is because the subcolumns have a better chance to capture the timing of the frontal propagation and the small‐scale systems. Other potential uses of the gridded forcing data, such as understanding and testing scale‐aware parameterizations, are also discussed.
A spatiotemporal analysis of the relationship between near‐surface air temperature and satellite land surface temperatures using 17 years of data from the ATSR series
Authors: Good Elizabeth J. , Ghent Darren J. , Bulgin Claire E. , Remedios John J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe relationship between satellite land surface temperature (LST) and ground‐based observations of 2 m air temperature (T2m) is characterized in space and time using >17 years of data. The analysis uses a new monthly LST climate data record (CDR) based on the Along‐Track Scanning Radiometer series, which has been produced within the European Space Agency GlobTemperature project (http://www.globtemperature.info/). Global LST‐T2m differences are analyzed with respect to location, land cover, vegetation fraction, and elevation, all of which are found to be important influencing factors. LSTnight (~10 P.M. local solar time, clear‐sky only) is found to be closely coupled with minimum T2m (Tmin, all‐sky) and the two temperatures generally consistent to within ±5°C (global median LSTnight‐Tmin = 1.8°C, interquartile range = 3.8°C). The LSTday (~10 A.M. local solar time, clear‐sky only)‐maximum T2m (Tmax, all‐sky) variability is higher (global median LSTday‐Tmax = −0.1°C, interquartile range = 8.1°C) because LST is strongly influenced by insolation and surface regime. Correlations for both temperature pairs are typically >0.9 outside of the tropics. The monthly global and regional anomaly time series of LST and T2m—which are completely independent data sets—compare remarkably well. The correlation between the data sets is 0.9 for the globe with 90% of the CDR anomalies falling within the T2m 95% confidence limits. The results presented in this study present a justification for increasing use of satellite LST data in climate and weather science, both as an independent variable, and to augment T2m data acquired at meteorological stations.
Evaluation of three temperature profiles of a sublayer scheme to simulate SST diurnal cycle in a global ocean general circulation model
Authors: Yang Xiaodan , Song Zhenya , Tseng Yu‐Heng , Qiao Fangli , Shu Qi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe diurnal cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) plays an important role in the upper ocean and climate system. One way to represents the diurnal variation of SST in Ocean General Circulation Models (OGCMs) with coarse vertical resolution is to parameterize the diurnal cycle of SST without considering detailed dynamic processes within the mixed layer. In this study, a diagnostic sublayer parameterization scheme following Schiller and Godfrey (2005) was incorporated into a global OGCM (NEMO), for the first time, to simulate the diurnal cycle of SST. Moreover, three different sublayer temperature profiles (constant, linear, and exponential) were evaluated. Comparison with satellite SST and mooring temperature data indicated that the parameterization scheme with an exponential temperature profile showed the most reasonable diurnal warming simulation results, significantly improving the probability of (from 1.7% with constant temperature profile to 13.4%) diurnal SST amplitude larger than 1.0°C. Furthermore, the mean biases in each season were all reduced to less than 0.16°C, in good agreement with observations.
Brexanolone as adjunctive therapy in super‐refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Rosenthal Eric S. , Claassen Jan , Wainwright Mark S. , Husain Aatif M. , Vaitkevicius Henrikas , Raines Shane , Hoffmann Ethan , Colquhoun Helen , Doherty James J. , Kanes Stephen J. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveSuper‐refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is a life‐threatening form of status epilepticus that continues or recurs despite 24 hours or more of anesthetic treatment. We conducted a multicenter, phase 1/2 study in SRSE patients to evaluate the safety and tolerability of brexanolone (USAN; formerly SAGE‐547 Injection), a proprietary, aqueous formulation of the neuroactive steroid, allopregnanolone. Secondary objectives included pharmacokinetic assessment and open‐label evaluation of brexanolone response during and after anesthetic third‐line agent (TLA) weaning.MethodsPatients receiving TLAs for SRSE control were eligible for open‐label, 1‐hour brexanolone loading infusions, followed by maintenance infusion. After 48 hours of brexanolone infusion, TLAs were weaned during brexanolone maintenance. After 4 days, the brexanolone dose was tapered. Safety and functional status were assessed over 3 weeks of follow‐up.ResultsTwenty‐five patients received open‐label study drug. No serious adverse events (SAEs) were attributable to study drug, as determined by the Safety Review Committee. Sixteen patients (64%) experienced ≥1 SAE. Six patient deaths occurred, all deemed related to underlying medical conditions. Twenty‐two patients underwent ≥1 TLA wean attempt. Seventeen (77%) met the response endpoint of weaning successfully off TLAs before tapering brexanolone. Sixteen (73%) were successfully weaned off TLAs within 5 days of initiating brexanolone infusion without anesthetic agent reinstatement in the following 24 hours.InterpretationIn an open‐label cohort of limited size, brexanolone demonstrated tolerability among SRSE patients of heterogeneous etiologies and was associated with a high rate of successful TLA weaning. The results suggest the possible development of brexanolone as an adjunctive therapy for SRSE requiring pharmacological coma for seizure control. Ann Neurol 2017;82:342–352
Alkali Metal Cation Affinities of Anionic Main Group‐Element Hydrides Across the Periodic Table
Authors: Boughlala Zakaria , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe have carried out an extensive exploration of gas‐phase alkali metal cation affinities (AMCA) of archetypal anionic bases across the periodic system using relativistic density functional theory at ZORA‐BP86/QZ4P//ZORA‐BP86/TZ2P. AMCA values of all bases were computed for the lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium cations and compared with the corresponding proton affinities (PA). One purpose of this work is to provide an intrinsically consistent set of values of the 298 K AMCAs of all anionic (XHn‐1−) constituted by main group‐element hydrides of groups 14–17 along the periods 2–6. In particular, we wish to establish the trend in affinity for a cation as the latter varies from proton to, and along, the alkali cations. Our main purpose is to understand these trends in terms of the underlying bonding mechanism using Kohn–Sham molecular orbital theory together with a quantitative bond energy decomposition analyses (EDA).
Highly Active N,O Zinc Guanidine Catalysts for the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactide
Authors: Schäfer Pascal M. , Fuchs Martin , Ohligschläger Andreas , Rittinghaus Ruth , McKeown Paul , Akin Enver , Schmidt Maximilian , Hoffmann Alexander , Liauw Marcel A. , Jones Matthew D. , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNew zinc guanidine complexes with N,O donor functionalities were prepared, characterized by X‐Ray crystallography, and examined for their catalytic activity in the solvent‐free ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of technical‐grade rac‐lactide at 150 °C. All complexes showed a high activity. The fastest complex [ZnCl2(DMEGasme)] (C1) produced colorless poly(lactide) (PLA) after 90 min with a conversion of 52 % and high molar masses (Mw=69 100, polydispersity=1.4). The complexes were tested with different monomer‐to‐initiator ratios to determine the rate constant kp. Furthermore, a polymerization with the most active complex C1 was monitored by in situ Raman spectroscopy. Overall, conversion of up to 90 % can be obtained. End‐group analysis was performed to clarify the mechanism. All four complexes combine robustness against impurities in the lactide with high polymerization rates, and they represent the fastest robust lactide ROP catalysts to date, opening new avenues to a sustainable ROP catalyst family for industrial use.
Investigation of the continuous flow of the sample solution on the performance of electromembrane extraction: Comparison with conventional procedure
Authors: Nojavan Saeed , Sirani Mahsa , Asadi Sakine 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this study, electromembrane extraction from a flowing sample solution, termed as continuous‐flow electromembrane extraction, was developed and compared with conventional procedures for the determination of four basic drugs in real samples. Experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were further studied and optimized. Under optimum conditions, linearity of continuous‐flow procedure was within 8.0–500 ng/mL, while it was wider for conventional procedures (2.0–500 ng/mL). Moreover, repeatability (percentage relative standard deviation) was found to range between 5.6 and 10.4% (n = 3) for the continuous‐flow procedure, with a better repeatability than that of conventional procedures (2.3–5.5% (n = 3)). Also, for the continuous‐flow procedure, the estimated detection limit (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3) was less than 2.4 ng/mL and extraction recoveries were within 8–10%, while the corresponding figures for conventional procedures were less than 0.6 ng/mL and 42–60%, respectively. Thus, the results showed that both continuous flow and conventional procedures were applicable for the extraction of model compounds. However, the conventional procedure was more convenient to use, and thus it was applied to determine sample drugs in real urine and wastewater samples.
Fast analysis of quaternary ammonium pesticides in food and beverages using cation‐exchange chromatography coupled with isotope‐dilution high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Nardin Tiziana , Barnaba Chiara , Abballe Franco , Trenti Gianmaria , Malacarne Mario , Larcher Roberto 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA fast separation based on cation‐exchange liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry is proposed for simultaneous determination of chlormequat, difenzoquat, diquat, mepiquat and paraquat in several food and beverage commodities. Solid samples were extracted using a mixture of water/methanol/formic acid (69.6:30:0.4, v/v/v), while liquid samples were ten times diluted with the same solution. Separation was carried out on an experimental length‐modified IonPac CS17 column (2 × 15 mm2) that allowed the use of formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase. Detection limits for food and beverage matrices were established at 1.5 μg/L for chlormequat, difenzoquat and mepiquat, and 3 μg/L for diquat and paraquat, while for drinking water a pre‐analytical sample concentration allowed detection limits of 9 and 20 ng/L, respectively. Precision, as repeatability (RSD%), ranged from 0.2 to 24%, with a median value of 6%, and trueness, as recovery, ranged from 64 to 118%, with a median value of 96%. The method developed was successfully applied to investigate the presence of herbicide residues in commercial commodities (mineral water, orange juice, beer, tea, green coffee bean, toasted coffee powder, cocoa bean, white corn flour, rice and sugar samples).
A study of problems encountered in Granger causality analysis from a neuroscience perspective
Authors: Stokes Patrick A. , Purdon Patrick L. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Granger causality analysis is a statistical method for investigating the flow of information between time series. Granger causality has become more widely applied in neuroscience, due to its ability to characterize oscillatory and multivariate data. However, there are ongoing concerns regarding its applicability in neuroscience. When are these methods appropriate? How reliably do they recover the functional structure of the system? Also, what do they tell us about oscillations in neural systems? In this paper, we analyze fundamental properties of Granger causality and illustrate statistical and conceptual problems that make Granger causality difficult to apply and interpret in neuroscience studies. This work provides important conceptual clarification of Granger causality methods and suggests ways to improve analyses of neuroscience data in the future.
Segment convolutional neural networks (Seg-CNNs) for classifying relations in clinical notes
Authors: Luo Yuan , Cheng Yu , Uzuner Özlem , Szolovits Peter , Starren Justin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe propose Segment Convolutional Neural Networks (Seg-CNNs) for classifying relations from clinical notes. Seg-CNNs use only word-embedding features without manual feature engineering. Unlike typical CNN models, relations between 2 concepts are identified by simultaneously learning separate representations for text segments in a sentence: preceding, concept1, middle, concept2, and succeeding. We evaluate Seg-CNN on the i2b2/VA relation classification challenge dataset. We show that Seg-CNN achieves a state-of-the-art micro-average F-measure of 0.742 for overall evaluation, 0.686 for classifying medical problem–treatment relations, 0.820 for medical problem–test relations, and 0.702 for medical problem–medical problem relations. We demonstrate the benefits of learning segment-level representations. We show that medical domain word embeddings help improve relation classification. Seg-CNNs can be trained quickly for the i2b2/VA dataset on a graphics processing unit (GPU) platform. These results support the use of CNNs computed over segments of text for classifying medical relations, as they show state-of-the-art performance while requiring no manual feature engineering.