bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical characterization of heat‐treated kraft lignin after fractionation with organic solvents and pH effect
Authors: de Paula Hígor Brandão , Nunes Caio César Zandonadi , Demuner Iara Fontes , Carvalho Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLignin, the main source of renewable aromatics, has a complex structure, high polydispersity, and low reactivity, which hinders its large‐scale use. This study aims to improve lignin reactivity through heat treatment combined with fractionation by organic solvents or the pH effect. Heat treatment of commercial hardwood black liquor was performed at 225 °C for 150 min. The samples were then fractionated either by using organic solvents (ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and acetone) or by lowering pH using hydrochloric acid (HCl) (pH values 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9). The fractionation was carried out in one step and in sequential mode. The fractionated samples were characterized chemically by the content of acid‐soluble and acid‐insoluble lignin, carbohydrates, ash, inorganic compounds (metals), elemental analysis, and by pyrolysis‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py‐GC–MS). The highest mass yields were obtained using the one‐step mode for both fractionations, with yields as high as 53.3% for organic solvents and 47.8% for the pH effect. Solvent fractionation reduced ash content by up to 75.4% and increased calorific value, carbon content, and total lignin content. Fractionation by pH effect showed an ash reduction of up to 55.9% and an increase in calorific value and carbon content of up to 8.7 MJ kg−1 and 49.7%, respectively. The Hansen solubility parameters were also calculated to address lignin's solubility in each of the tested solvents. These findings indicate that combining heat treatment and fractionation techniques improves lignin's chemical properties significantly, making it a more viable raw material for industrial use. This approach supports the circular economy by transforming lignin into a high‐value product, thereby promoting sustainable and efficient resource utilization across industries.
Grading exams using large language models: A comparison between human and AI grading of exams in higher education using ChatGPT
Authors: Flodén Jonas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study compares how the generative AI (GenAI) large language model (LLM) ChatGPT performs in grading university exams compared to human teachers. Aspects investigated include consistency, large discrepancies and length of answer. Implications for higher education, including the role of teachers and ethics, are also discussed. Three Master's‐level exams were scored using ChatGPT 3.5, and the results were compared with the teachers' scoring and the grading teachers were interviewed. In total, 463 exam responses were graded. With each response being graded at least three times, a total of 1389 gradings were conducted. For the final exam scores, 70% of ChatGPT's gradings were within 10% of the teachers' gradings and 31% within 5%. ChatGPT tended to give marginally higher scores. The agreement on grades is 30%, but 45% of the exams received an adjacent grade. On individual questions, ChatGPT is more inclined to avoid very high or very low scores. ChatGPT struggles to correctly score questions closely related to the course lectures but performs better on more general questions. The AI can generate plausible scores on university exams that, at first glance, look similar to a human grader. There are differences but it is not unlikely that two different human graders could result in similar discrepancies. During the interviews, teachers expressed their surprise at how well ChatGPT's grading matched their own. Increased use of AI can lead to ethical challenges as exams are entrusted to a machine whose decision‐making criteria are not fully understood, especially concerning potential bias in training data.
The current and future cancer burden in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries
Authors: Alessy Saleh A. , Alqahtani Saleh A. , Vignat Jerome , Abuhmaidan Amid , Basmi Amani E. L. , Al Lawati Najla , Ali A‐Nooh Ameera , Shelpai Wael , Alhomoud Samar , Al‐Zahrani Ali , Bray Freddie , Znaor Ariana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This study aims to provide cancer incidence and mortality estimates in 2020 in the GCC countries alongside future projections for 2040 to shape cancer control policy in the region.MethodsThe estimated numbers of new cancer cases and deaths were extracted from the GLOBOCAN database developed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer; new cancer cases, cancer deaths, and corresponding age‐standardized incidence and mortality rates for the year 2020 are presented.ResultsAn estimated 42,475 new cancer cases and 19,895 deaths occurred in the GCC countries in 2020, with corresponding age‐standardized incidence and mortality rates of 96.5 and 52.3 per 100,000, respectively. Female breast (16%), colorectal (13%), and thyroid (9%) were the most common types of cancer in the GCC countries, accounting for almost 40% of all cancer incidence. Colorectal (14%) followed by breast cancer (9%) were the leading causes of cancer death, though the magnitude of rates of the major cancer types varied substantially across the GCC countries. Even if we assume rates in the region will remain unchanged over the next two decades, the cancer burden in the GCC will increase by 116% (Saudi Arabia) to 270% (Qatar), reaching nearly 104,000 cancer cases by the year 2040.ConclusionThe sharp increase in the estimated cancer incidence and mortality predicted over the next decades in the region requires workforce and financial planning for the healthcare systems in the constituent countries, alongside broader strengthening of national cancer prevention and control efforts.
Neoadjuvant everolimus in renal angiomyolipoma with or without tuberous sclerosis complex: Results from a multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: Su Ruopeng , Huang Tingxuan , Gu Liangyou , Bao Yige , Liu Zhihong , Dao Pinghong , Yao Lin , Hu Xiaoyi , Fu Guanghou , Wu Jitao , Tricard Thibault , Wu Guangyu , Chen Minfeng , Li Chancan , Huang Zhiyang , Zheng Bing , Chen Yonghui , Xue Wei , Guo Gang , Dong Pei , Huang Jiwei , Zhang Jin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the efficacy and safety of preoperative neoadjuvant everolimus in renal angiomyolipomas (AML) patients with or without Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC).Materials and MethodsThis multi‐institutional retrospective study enrolled renal AML patients who underwent partial nephrectomy (PN) or total nephrectomy after receiving at least 1 month of pre‐operative everolimus. Imaging evaluations were collected before and after treatment, along with demographic, surgical, and follow‐up information. The primary outcome was tumor volume reduction of ≥25%, with additional outcomes including recurrence, perioperative outcomes, renal function, and safety.ResultsFrom January 2015 to July 2022, 68 renal AML patients were studied—41 with TSC and 27 without. During everolimus treatment, 61.0% (25/41) of TSC patients and 44.4% (12/27) of non‐TSC patients achieved tumor reduction of ≥25%. Additionally, 41.5% (17/41) of TSC patients and 18.5% (5/27) of non‐TSC patients achieved a ≥ 50% reduction. Three TSC patients and 1 non‐TSC patient discontinued treatment due to side‐effects. Most patients (92.7% TSC, 85.2% non‐TSC) underwent PN. After everolimus treatment, the necessary total nephrectomy decreased to 41.2% (7/17) from baseline. Postoperatively, 1 grade 3 and 3 grade 2 complications occurred, with no grade 4 or 5 complications. After a median follow‐up of 24 months, only 1 TSC patient recurred with a diameter >3 cm. Retrospective nature is the major limitation of this study.ConclusionEverolimus was effective and well‐tolerated in neoadjuvant treatment for renal AML, especially in TSC patients. This neoadjuvant combination strategy of everolimus and PN could effectively controls recurrence and preserves renal function.
The impact of margins and re‐resection in pediatric synovial sarcoma
Authors: Espinoza Andres F. , Shetty Priya B. , Jacobson Jillian C. , Todd Hannah , Harrell Kelley , Trappey Alfred F. , Doski John , Castro Eumenia C. , Montgomery Nicole I. , Okcu M. Fatih , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Chung Dai H. , Vasudevan Sanjeev A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionSynovial sarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in children. Guidelines regarding the adequate extent of resection margins and the role of re‐resection are lacking. We sought to evaluate the adequate resection margin and the role of re‐resection in predicting outcomes in children with synovial sarcomas.MethodsA cohort of 36 patients less than 18 years of age at diagnosis who were treated for localized synovial sarcoma at three tertiary pediatric hospitals between January 2004 and December 2020 were included in this study. Patient and tumor demographics, treatment information, and margin status after surgical resection were collected from the medical record. Clinical, treatment, and surgical characteristics, as well as outcomes including hazard ratios (HRs), event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared by resection margins group and re‐resection status.ResultsPatients in the R1 resection group were significantly more likely to relapse or die compared to patients in the R0 resection group. However, there was no significant difference in EFS (HR 0.52, p = 0.54) or OS (HR 1.56, p = 0.719) in R0 patients with less than 5 mm margins compared to R0 patients with more than 5 mm margins. Patients with R1 on initial or re‐resection had significantly worse OS than patients who had R0 resection on initial or re‐resection (HR = 10.12, p = 0.005).ConclusionThis study re‐affirms that R0 resection is an independent prognostic predictor of better OS/EFS in pediatric synovial sarcoma. Second, our study extends this finding to report negative margins on initial resection or re‐resection is associated with better OS/EFS than positive margins on initial resection or re‐resection. Lastly, we found that there is no difference in outcomes associated with re‐resection or <5 mm margins for R0 patients, indicating that re‐resection and <5 mm margins are acceptable if microscopic disease is removed.
‘Bhim Kol (Musa Balbisiana)’ Wine: Chemical Profiling and Antidiabetic Properties with MD Simulation Insights
Authors: Phukan Anurag , Baruah Debasish , Koirala Suman , Kar Parimal , Boni Techi , Tamuly Chandan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMusa balbisiana (Bhim Kol), an exotic fruit that offers numerous benefits can be fermented to obtain a unique indigenous wine. This study explores the fermentation of Musa balbisiana (Bhim Kol) fruit to produce a unique indigenous wine using strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and sugar over a 21‐day period. Chemical profiling via GC‐MS analysis revealed the presence of major volatile compounds such as butan‐1‐ol, propanoic acid, 2‐phenylethanol, oxolane‐2,5‐dione etc. The wine exhibited in vitro α‐glucosidase inhibition activity with an IC50 value of 8.56±0.14 μg/mL and antioxidant properties (DPPH⋅ scavenging activity (AAR) of 1.29±0.18 mM TRE). Molecular docking and simulation studies indicated potential binding of volatile compounds like 4‐Hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzoic acid, 2‐phenylethanol, butan‐1‐ol and butane‐2,3‐diol with α‐glucosidase enzyme. The study suggests the medicinal potential of the wine and its suitability for commercial production in the winery industry. Further studies are warranted to explore its full medicinal benefits.
Triptycene‐Based Tripodal Molecular Platforms
Authors: Bastien Guillaume , Severa Lukáš , Škuta Martin , Santos Hurtado Carina , Rybáček Jiří , Šolínová Veronika , Císařová Ivana , Kašička Václav , Kaleta Jiří 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMolecular platforms are essential components of various surface‐mounted molecular devices. Here, we document the synthesis of two universal triptycene‐based tripodal pedestals featuring terminal alkynes in the axial position. We showcase their versatility by incorporating them into the structures of diverse functional molecules such as unidirectional light‐driven molecular motors, photoswitches, and Brownian molecular rotors using standard cross‐coupling reactions. We also present their fundamental physical properties, including acidity constants, data from differential scanning calorimetry, and crystallographic analysis of two parent and five derived structures. Finally, and importantly, we demonstrate that the photochemical properties of selected photoswitch representatives remain uncompromised when fused with tripods.
Computational Screening Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Microporous Polymer Applied in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Ruixia , Liu Di , Li Jiuyan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA two‐dimensional (2D) conjugated microporous polymer with a structure of 2D nanosheets has been synthesized. Theoretical calculations and experimental results reveal that the Fermi level of this 2D polymer aligns well with perovskite absorber, and its conduction band is high enough to block electron transport into the anode. This 2D polymer is used to modify the hole transport layer, significantly improving its photoelectric properties, including enhanced hole mobility, matched energy level, and reduced recombination. Furthermore, the 2D polymer exhibits a mesoporous structure, allowing perovskite to fill into its loose framework, increasing the hole export area and providing a large hole transport flux. As a result, the efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells enhances to 24.64 % from 21.17 % of control device without 2D conjugated microporous polymer. Given that this material can be synthesized on a large scale, this work has significant implications for the future development of 2D polymers in perovskite solar cells, potentially accelerating industrialization.
Electrooxidative Ni‐Catalyzed Decarboxylation of Arylacetic Acids Towards the Synthesis of Carbonyls under Air Conditions
Authors: Fu Zhengjiang , Zeng Junhua , Xiong Cheng , Guo Shengmei , Cai Hu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAfter systematic realization of decarboxylative functionalization of carboxylic acids under heating conditions in our group, we herein reported an electrochemical method for Ni‐catalyzed decarboxylative oxygenation of arylacetic acids under open air conditions. The protocol provided corresponding carbonyls including aldehydes and ketones in moderate to satisfactory yields with good functional group tolerance, furthermore, the practicability and advantage of the method was highlighted through Ni‐catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation of carboxylic acid‐containing drugs and preformation of scalable transformation. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the possible involvement of free radical intermediate in the conversion.
Design, Synthesis, and Applications of Bis‐Amido HPLC Pirkle‐Type Chiral Stationary Phases
Authors: Guarducci Maria Aurora , Manetto Simone , Pierini Marco , Mazzoccanti Giulia , Villani Claudio 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTwo different types of chiral stationary phases, based on Pirkle's design, were created by attaching chiral selectors to 3‐mercapto silica gel. To prepare the enantiomeric selectors, 3,5‐dinitrobenzoyl and naphthyl groups were sequentially added to a chiral 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane core. The chiral selectors demonstrated enantioselectivity towards ibuprofen enantiomers in solution, as confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and in initial HPLC testing, the enantiomeric selectors showed enantioselectivity for selected racemic solutes (viz., α = 1.27 for1,1′‐bi‐(2‐naphthol)). Molecular docking studies revealed that the chiral selectors had a bent structure and a cleft‐like cavity where the analyte could be held during complexation while establishing H‐bonding and π–π stacking interactions.
Non‐Noble Metal Catalysts for Electrooxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Duan Yanfeng , Lu Xuebin , Fan Ouyang , Xu Haocheng , Zhang Zhengxiong , Si Chuanling , Xu Ting , Du Haishun , Li Xiaoyun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract2,5‐Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a class of valuable biomass‐based platform compounds. The creation of FDCA involves the catalytic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). As a novel catalytic method, electrocatalysis has been utilized in the 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR). Common noble metal catalysts show catalytic activity, which is limited by price and reaction conditions. Non‐noble metal catalyst is known for its environmental friendliness, affordability and high efficiency. The development of energy efficient non‐noble metal catalysts plays a crucial role in enhancing the HMFOR process. It can greatly upgrade the demand of industrial production, and has important research significance for electrocatalytic oxidation of HMF. In this paper, the reaction mechanism of HMF undergoes electrocatalytic oxidation to produce FDCA are elaborately summarized. There are two reaction pathways and two oxidation mechanisms of HMFOR discussed deeply. In addition, the speculation on the response of the electrode potential to HMFOR is presented in this paper. The main non‐noble metal electrocatalysts currently used are classified and summarized by targeting metal element species. Finally, the paper focus on the mechanistic effects of non‐noble metal catalysts in the reaction, and provide the present prospects and challenges in the electrocatalytic oxidation reaction of HMF.
Development of highly sensitive cuvette‐type localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing chips for the rapid detection of tyramine in spiked samples of beef, mackerel, and cheese
Authors: Han Soobin , Kim Ji Hong , Gupta Vivek Kumar , Bae Ju Eun , Cho Chae Hwan , Kim Hanseung , Park Yonghyeon , Oh Mi‐Hwa , Park Jong Pil , Huh Yun Suk 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe globalization of food distribution has made it necessary to ensure the delivery of fresh food to the consumers. Protein‐rich foods produce a significant amount of tyramine when spoiled. Therefore, it was envisaged to develop localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)—sensor for monitoring tyramine content in beef, mackerel, and cheese. For this purpose, the sensors were developed by coating the LSPR chip with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) followed by conjugation of tyramine‐specific peptide (TYR1). The TYR1 was synthesized and screened by phage display and binding efficiency was evaluated by DockThor. The optimized LSPR sensor showed highest binding efficiency at TYR1 concentration of 20 µg/mL with reaction time of 40 min. The sensor also showed an excellent detection range for beef, mackerel, and cheese were 0.01–10 ppb, 0.01–10 ppm, and 0.01–10 ppb, respectively, in comparison to standard. These findings indicated that this sensor can be used as a promising tool for on‐site monitoring of food quality.
Lamiaceae plants improve serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Hassanpour Hossein , Mojtahed Marzieh , Fallah Aziz A. , Jafari Tina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Lamiaceae plant family has a positive impact on metabolic diseases. This study meta‐analyzed the data of different clinical trial studies on the impacts of these plants on blood lipid biomarkers including cholesterol, triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, Scientific Information Database, MagIran, and Google Scholar to identify relevant published research up to December 20, 2023. The meta‐analysis revealed that the Lamiaceae family significantly reduced cholesterol (p < .001), triglyceride (p = .003), and LDL (p < .001) levels. The rise in HDL levels was not significantly impacted (p = .069). Subgroup studies revealed that Lamiaceae plants improve all lipid parameters for a short duration (≤8 weeks) while in a longer duration (>8 weeks) only LDL level is improved in the blood (p < .05). In addition, Lamiaceae plants specifically decreased LDL and cholesterol levels in diabetic patients and only LDL levels in the individuals who were hyperlipidemic or overweight/obese. Within the Lamiaceae family, the genera Satureja and Coleus had the most significant effects in decreasing triglyceride and LDL/cholesterol levels, respectively. Origanum was the only genus within the Lamiaceae family that significantly improved three lipid parameters (cholesterol, LDL, and HDL). The meta‐analysis confirmed that Lamiaceae plants could improve the levels of lipid parameters (triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL) in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Analysing Oil Prices Fluctuations, Carbon Emissions and Renewable Energy Trends in Uncovering the Eco‐Economic Interplay in China's Trade Liberalization
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Gatto Andrea , Radulescu Magdalena , Doğan Buhari , Nassani Abdelmohsen A. , Si Mohammed Kamel 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study evaluates the factors contributing to carbon emissions in China between 2002 and 2021, considering the impact of GDP growth, shocks in oil prices, trade liberalization and energy use. Using the dynamic simulated ARDL (SARDL) model, we indicate a long‐term link between trade liberalization, oil prices (WTI) shocks, GDP growth, energy use and CO2. The novel SARDL revealed a direct relationship between trade liberalization and CO2 in China in the long term. However, the results show a negative impact of WTI shocks on CO2 emissions. The study suggests that renewable energy (RE) significantly and negatively affects China's CO2 emissions. In addition, the findings conclude that, in the case of China, GDP has an insignificant long‐run relationship with CO2 emissions. The outcomes provide valuable insights for policymakers, researchers and industry stakeholders to enhance RE and promote sustainable energy practices.
Does use of anal cytology as a triage test improve the performance of high‐risk human papillomavirus screening in gay and bisexual men for anal cancer prevention?
Authors: Jin Fengyi , Poynten I. Mary , Hillman Richard J. , Law Carmella , Molano Monica , Fairley Christopher K. , Garland Suzanne M. , Templeton David J. , Grulich Andrew E. , Roberts Jennifer ,   the SPANC study team
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnal high‐risk human papillomavirus (HRHPV) testing‐based anal cancer screening gay and bisexual men (GBM) is associated with high sensitivity, but low specificity. We report the potential role of triage use of anal cytology with HRHPV testing in detecting 12‐month persistent anal high‐grade squamous epithelial lesions (HSIL) in a cohort of GBM in Sydney, Australia. Participants were GBM from the Study of the Prevention of Anal Cancer (SPANC) who underwent annual anal HPV testing, cytology, and high‐resolution anoscopy (HRA)‐guided histology. The sensitivity and specificity of five screening algorithms based on HRHPV test results with triage use of anal cytology (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude HSIL (ASC‐H) used as referral thresholds) were compared to these of HRHPV testing and anal cytology alone. A total of 475 men who had valid HRHPV, cytological, and histological results at both baseline and first annual follow‐up visits were included, median age 49 years (inter‐quartile range: 43–56) and 173 (36.4%) GBM with human immunodeficiency virus. Of all triage algorithms assessed, two had comparable sensitivity with HRHPV testing alone in detecting persistent anal HSIL, but ~20% higher specificity and 20% lower HRA referral rates. These two algorithms involved the immediate referral of those with HPV16 and for those with non‐16 HRHPV either immediate or delayed (for 12 months) referral, depending on cytology result at baseline. Triage use of anal cytology in GBM testing positive for anal HRHPV increases specificity and reduces referral rates while maintaining high sensitivity in detection of HSIL.