bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyk2 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by directly phosphorylating ASC and contributes to inflammasome-dependent peritonitis
Authors: Chung I-Che , OuYang Chun-Nan , Yuan Sheng-Ning , Li Hsin-Pai , Chen Jeng-Ting , Shieh Hui-Ru , Chen Yu-Jen , Ojcius David M. , Chu Ching-Liang , Yu Jau-Song , Chang Yu-Sun , Chen Lih-Chyang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe inflammasome adaptor protein, ASC, contributes to both innate immune responses and inflammatory diseases via self-oligomerization, which leads to the activation of the protease, caspase-1. Here, we report that the cytosolic tyrosine kinases, FAK and Pyk2, are differentially involved in NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation. The inhibition of FAK and Pyk2 with RNA interference or chemical inhibitors dramatically abolished ASC oligomerization, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1β secretion in response to NLRP3 or AIM2 stimulation. Pyk2 is phosphorylated by the kinase Syk and relocalizes to the ASC specks upon NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Pyk2, but not FAK, could directly phosphorylate ASC at Tyr146, and only the phosphorylated ASC could participate in speck formation and trigger IL-1β secretion. Moreover, the clinical-trial-tested Pyk2/FAK dual inhibitor PF-562271 reduced monosodium urate-mediated peritonitis, a disease model used for studying the consequences of NLRP3 activation. Our results suggest that although Pyk2 and FAK are involved in inflammasome activation, only Pyk2 directly phosphorylates ASC and brings ASC into an oligomerization-competent state by allowing Tyr146 phosphorylation to participate ASC speck formation and subsequent NLRP3 inflammation.
Identifying reproducible cancer-associated highly expressed genes with important functional significances using multiple datasets
Authors: Huang Haiyan , Li Xiangyu , Guo You , Zhang Yuncong , Deng Xusheng , Chen Lufei , Zhang Jiahui , Guo Zheng , Ao Lu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIdentifying differentially expressed (DE) genes between cancer and normal tissues is of basic importance for studying cancer mechanisms. However, current methods, such as the commonly used Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM), are biased to genes with low expression levels. Recently, we proposed an algorithm, named the pairwise difference (PD) algorithm, to identify highly expressed DE genes based on reproducibility evaluation of top-ranked expression differences between paired technical replicates of cells under two experimental conditions. In this study, we extended the application of the algorithm to the identification of DE genes between two types of tissue samples (biological replicates) based on several independent datasets or sub-datasets of a dataset, by constructing multiple paired average gene expression profiles for the two types of samples. Using multiple datasets for lung and esophageal cancers, we demonstrated that PD could identify many DE genes highly expressed in both cancer and normal tissues that tended to be missed by the commonly used SAM. These highly expressed DE genes, including many housekeeping genes, were significantly enriched in many conservative pathways, such as ribosome, proteasome, phagosome and TNF signaling pathways with important functional significances in oncogenesis.
Filarial infection influences mosquito behaviour and fecundity
Authors: Gleave Katherine , Cook Darren , Taylor Mark J. , Reimer Lisa J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUnderstanding vector-parasite interactions is increasingly important as we move towards the endpoint goals set by the Global Programme for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF), as interaction dynamics may change with reduced transmission pressure. Elimination models used to predict programmatic endpoints include parameters for vector-specific transmission dynamics, despite the fact that our knowledge of the host-seeking behaviour of filariasis infected mosquitoes is lacking. We observed a dynamic, stage-specific and density dependent change in Aedes aegypti behaviour towards host cues when exposed to Brugia malayi filarial parasites. Infected mosquitoes exhibited reduced activation and flight towards a host during the period of larval development (L1/L2), transitioning to a 5 fold increase in activation and flight towards a host when infective stage larvae (L3) were present (p < 0.001). In uninfected control mosquitoes, we observed a reduction in convergence towards a host during the same period. Furthermore, this behaviour was density dependent with non-activated mosquitoes harbouring a greater burden of L1 and L2 larvae while activated mosquitoes harboured a greater number of L3 (p < 0.001). Reductions in fecundity were also density-dependent, and extended to mosquitoes that were exposed to microfilariae but did not support larval development.
Scanning of selection signature provides a glimpse into important economic traits in goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Guan Dailu , Luo Nanjian , Tan Xiaoshan , Zhao Zhongquan , Huang Yongfu , Na Risu , Zhang Jiahua , Zhao Yongju 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGoats (Capra hircus) are one of the oldest livestock domesticated species, and have been used for their milk, meat, hair and skins over much of the world. Detection of selection footprints in genomic regions can provide potential insights for understanding the genetic mechanism of specific phenotypic traits and better guide in animal breeding. The study presented here has generated 192.747G raw data and identified more than 5.03 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 334,151 Indels (insertions and deletions). In addition, we identified 155 and 294 candidate regions harboring 86 and 97 genes based on allele frequency differences in Dazu black goats (DBG) and Inner Mongolia cashmere goats (IMCG), respectively. Populations differentiation reflected by Fst values detected 368 putative selective sweep regions including 164 genes. The top 1% regions of both low heterozygosity and high genetic differentiation contained 239 (135 genes) and 176 (106 genes) candidate regions in DBG and IMCG, respectively. These genes were related to reproductive and productive traits, such as “neurohypophyseal hormone activity” and “adipocytokine signaling pathway”. These findings may be conducive to molecular breeding and the long-term preservation of the valuable genetic resources for this species.
Préface de Monsieur Hamad Kalkaba Malboum
Authors: Hamad Kalkaba Malboum 
Published: October 2016

50 ans déjà…
50 ans jalonnés de succès éclatants et de grandes déceptions, que le Mouvement sportif s'est bâti, au fil des décennies, une réputation solide, s'inscrivant comme une réalité intangible dans la vie de notre pays.
Le contentieux camerounais devant les instances sportives internationales
Authors: Dikoume François Claude 
Published: October 2016

Le sport est tellement règlementé que, au sein de chaque structure sportive il se trouve des commissions ou des organes juridictionnels chargés de régler les litiges sportifs qui sont devenus trop récurrents ; ainsi, chaque association sportive, chaque fédération nationale ou internationale comprend en son sein une entité juridictionnelle chargée de sanctionner ses membres à partir des règles qu'elle a elle-même élaborée et qui les régissent devenant du coup juge et partie donc, en violation du principe de la séparation des pouvoirs si chère à Montesquieu. Face à ce constat, le Comité International Olympique (CIO) a décidé de créer en 1984 une juridiction neutre, indépendante, le Tribunal Arbitral du Sport dont le siège est à Lausanne en Suisse ; celui-ci est chargé de trancher en dernier ressort des litiges sportifs en rendant des sentences qui sont sans appel. Le CIO a aussi fait créer au niveau des Comités Nationaux Olympiques, des tribunaux arbitraux du sport dont la compétence se limite au niveau des Etats. Les sentences prises par ces derniers tribunaux ne peuvent être attaquées qu'au TAS à Lausanne en Suisse.
Les acteurs du sport depuis lors, utilisent donc les voies de recours au niveau international soit vers les fédérations sportives internationales ou encore et surtout vers le TAS qui s'occupe des litiges de toutes les disciplines sportives. Il est question ici de faire un inventaire casuistique descriptif non exhaustif des requêtes contentieuses camerounaises portées devant les diverses instances sportives internationales ; ceci permettra de questionner l'esprit processuel et la qualité technique de leurs réclamations juridiques en matière sportive.
L'impact de la « démocratie sportive » sur le « Service public du sport en Afrique et par ricochet au Cameroun »
Authors: Dikoume François Claude , Jabea Claude Bekombo 
Published: October 2016

Cet article s'attache à démontrer que la posture d'étatisation du sport en Afrique ayant cour depuis les années d'indépendance a subi des mutations considérables grâce à l'évolution de l'histoire du monde. Par ailleurs, aucun des acteurs du mouvement sportif ne peut se targuer de pouvoir gérer l'entièreté de son domaine tout seul. Les rôles des uns et des autres sont désormais bien définis au Cameroun en particulier, grâce à la loi n∘ 2011/018 du 15 juillet 2011 relative à l'organisation et à la promotion des activités physiques et sportives et les textes subséquents pris au fur à mesure à divers niveaux de responsabilité. Ainsi par exemple :

la gestion des équipes nationales relèvent désormais presque exclusivement des fédérations sportives nationales ;

une fédération sportive nationale ne peut plus être juge et partie en ce qui concerne les litiges d'ordre sportif (y compris le contentieux électoral) en son sein. Il est question de faire une analyse succincte des orientations, transformations et évolutions de cette étatisation et des méthodes antidémocratiques du sport en Afrique, afin d'en tirer les nouvelles tendances que les Etats africains mettent en place.
A Novel Risk Score in Predicting Failure or Success for Antegrade Approach to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Chronic Total Occlusion: Antegrade CTO Score
Authors: Namazi Mohammad , Serati Ali , Vakili Hosein , Safi Morteza , Parsa Saeed , Saadat Habibollah , Taherkhani Maryam , Emami Sepideh , Pedari Shamseddin , Vatanparast Masoomeh , Movahed Mohammad 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTotal occlusion of a coronary artery for more than 3 months is defined as chronic total occlusion (CTO). The goal of this study was to develop a risk score in predicting failure or success during attempted percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of CTO lesions using antegrade approach.This study was based on retrospective analyses of clinical and angiographic characteristics of CTO lesions that were assessed between February 2012 and February 2014. Success rate was defined as passing through occlusion with successful stent deployment using an antegrade approach.A total of 188 patients were studied. Mean ± SD age was 59 ± 9 years. Failure rate was 33%. In a stepwise multivariate regression analysis, bridging collaterals (OR = 6.7, CI = 1.97–23.17, score = 2), absence of stump (OR = 5.8, CI = 1.95–17.9, score = 2), presence of calcification (OR = 3.21, CI = 1.46–7.07, score = 1), presence of bending (OR = 2.8, CI = 1.28–6.10, score = 1), presence of near side branch (OR = 2.7, CI = 1.08–6.57, score = 1), and absence of retrograde filling (OR = 2.5, CI = 1.03–6.17, score = 1) were independent predictors of PCI failure. A score of 7 or more was associated with 100% failure rate whereas a score of 2 or less was associated with over 80% success rate.Most factors associated with failure of CTO-PCI are related to lesion characteristics. A new risk score (range 0–8) is developed to predict CTO-PCI success or failure rate during antegrade approach as a guide before attempting PCI of CTO lesions.
Cervical Arterial Fibromuscular Dysplasia in a Biethnic Population: A Retrospective Study in the U.S.–Mexican Border
Authors: Rodriguez Gustavo , Chacon-Quesada Tatiana , Jose Gavito-Higuera , Cruz-Flores Salvador , Maud Alberto , Qureshi Ihtesham 
Published: October 2016

Background There have been studies trying to characterize Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD); however, most of them are based in mainly non-Hispanic sample. The objective of this study is to better understand the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of craniocervical FMD in the Hispanic population.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed the cerebral angiograms performed in our center in a period of 3.5 years under any indication looking for angiographic patterns of FMD. Exclusion criteria consisted of cases in which the first angiogram was done when the patients were younger than 18 years. Patients were subdivided based on those with FMD and those without it for baseline characteristics and were looked for any associations. We further compared the same baseline characteristics among Hispanic FMD and non-Hispanic FMD population. A chart review was conducted looking for clinical features and vascular events.
Results We analyzed 448 angiograms among patients younger than 18 years. We identified 47 patients with evidence of FMD involving the cervical arteries and 401 patients without FMD. Of the 47 patients with FMD in our neuroendovascular registry, we found that 76.6% were women and 57.4% were Hispanics. There was no statistical significant difference when comparing the variables across ethnicities, except history of cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia. The most common associated supra-aortic arterial lesions seen in the FMD group were intracranial aneurysm and arterial dissections. We then used same variables to compare Hispanic FMD with non-Hispanic FMD. We have found that there has been a positive association of cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia with FMD (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion Our study suggests that FMD affecting the carotid and vertebral arteries has similar demographic pattern across ethnicities in the United States. In Hispanics, the disease appears to have a predilection for women and history of cigarette smoking. Intracranial aneurysm and arterial dissection were the most commonly associated arterial lesions.
Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty Associated with Adverse Local Tissue Reaction and Pseudoaneurysm of the Superior Gluteal Artery: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Shah Amit , Botchu Rajesh , Dunlop David , Davies A. , James Steven 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAdverse local tissue reaction (ALTR) and pseudoaneurysm formation are rare but known complications following metal-on-metal hip total hip arthroplasty (THA). We report the first known case in the English literature of a concurrent unilateral ALTR and pseudoaneurysm of the superior gluteal artery in the same patient. Following minimal rise in serum metal ions, an ultrasound of the right hip demonstrated an avascular solid/cystic lesion anterolaterally in keeping with an ALTR. More posterolaterally, a second discrete thick-walled cystic lesion was identified. Doppler interrogation demonstrated a “yin yang” pattern suggestive of a pseudoaneurysm. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of an anterolateral periarticular lesion with a second discrete lesion within the gluteus medius. Subsequent computed tomography angiography confirmed the presence of arterial contrast blush within the posterior gluteal lesion adjacent to the superior gluteal artery. The patient remains asymptomatic and is being managed conservatively. We review the imaging characteristics of ALTR and pseudoaneurysm occurring post-THA. When a complex solid/cystic lesion is encountered in a patient with a THA, radiologists must ensure that the lesion is interrogated with color Doppler to confidently distinguish a pseudotumor from a pseudoaneurysm. This information is vital to the surgeon to avoid unexpected hemorrhage if revision joint replacement surgery is being contemplated.
Vaccination strategies against respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Yamin Dan , Jones Forrest K. , DeVincenzo John P. , Gertler Shai , Kobiler Oren , Townsend Jeffrey P. , Galvani Alison P. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
The WHO estimates that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination will be available in the next 5–10 y. To evaluate the population effectiveness of an RSV vaccination program in the United States, we developed a transmission model that integrates data on daily infectious viral load and behavior changes while symptomatic. Our model simulations demonstrate that vaccinating children younger than 5 y of age will be the most efficient and effective way to prevent RSV infection in both children and older adults, a result that is robust across the US states considered. Accordingly, the population burden of RSV would be most effectively reduced if current vaccine candidates were to focus on children.
Effects of Consumption-Oriented versus Trophy-Oriented Fisheries on Muskellunge Population Size Structure in Northern Wisconsin
Authors: Faust Matthew D. , Hansen Michael J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
To determine whether a consumption-oriented fishery was compatible with a trophy-oriented fishery for Muskellunge Esox masquinongy, we modeled effects of a spearing fishery and recreational angling fishery on population size structure (i.e., numbers of fish ≥ 102, 114, and 127 cm) in northern Wisconsin. An individual-based simulation model was used to quantify the effect of harvest mortality at currently observed levels of recreational angling and tribal spearing fishery exploitation, along with simulated increases in exploitation, for three typical growth potentials (i.e., low, moderate, and high) of Muskellunge in northern Wisconsin across a variety of minimum length limits (i.e., 71, 102, 114, and 127 cm). Populations with moderate to high growth potential and minimum length limits ≥ 114 cm were predicted to have lower declines in numbers of trophy Muskellunge when subjected to angling-only and mixed fisheries at observed and increased levels of exploitation, which suggested that fisheries with disparate motivations may be able to coexist under certain conditions such as restrictive length limits and low levels of exploitation. However, for most Muskellunge populations in northern Wisconsin regulated by a 102-cm minimum length limit, both angling and spearing fisheries may reduce numbers of trophy Muskellunge as larger declines were predicted across all growth potentials. Our results may be useful if Muskellunge management options in northern Wisconsin are re-examined in the future.
Received January 16, 2016; accepted July 4, 2016 Published online October 28, 2016
Comparison of Three Methods for Sampling Panfish in Iowa Impoundments
Authors: Flammang Mark , Schultz Randall D. , Weber Michael J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Science-based decision making in fisheries management requires the collection of sampling data with the acknowledgment that all gears have inherent sampling biases. Fyke nets are a common tool for sampling panfish. However, recent evaluations suggest hoop nets are more effective for evaluating these populations. We compared panfish relative abundance, size structure, condition, sampling effort to capture 100 individuals, and sampling precision for small (61 × 122-cm frames) and large (91 × 183-cm frames) fyke nets soaked for 24 h and tandem hoop nets soaked for 72 h during spring and fall. Hoop nets and large fyke nets captured more Bluegills Lepomis macrochirus, Black Crappies Pomoxis nigromaculatus, and White Crappies P. annularis than did small fyke nets, but catch rates for Redear Sunfish L. microlophus were similar among gear types. Bluegills captured in hoop nets were generally longer than those captured in small or large fyke nets, but the length of other panfish was similar among gears. Bluegill size structure was generally largest and Black Crappie size structure was generally smallest in hoop nets compared with that in fyke nets. Relative weight was greater for Bluegills captured in small fyke nets and was higher in the spring than fall. Hoop nets generally captured more panfish with fewer net sets and with greater precision than did small or large fyke nets, providing an additional tool for fisheries biologists for population assessments.
Received March 4, 2016; accepted July 13, 2016 Published online October 28, 2016
Danish register-based study on the association between specific antipsychotic drugs and fractures in elderly individuals
Authors: Torstensson Maia , Leth-Møller Katja , Andersson Charlotte , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Holm Ellen Astrid 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
antipsychotic drugs (APs) have been associated with falls and fractures in elderly individuals but limited knowledge on specific drugs exist.

Objective
to investigate the association between individual APs and fractures in elderly persons.

Design and setting
nationwide register-based cohort study.

Subjects
all Danish individuals aged ≥65 who had not been in treatment with any AP in the year before inclusion.

Methods
incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of fractures of hip, pelvis or upper extremities during treatment with commonly used APs were assessed in multivariable Poisson models. Exposure was divided into time periods from initiation of treatment: 0–30 days, 31–365 days or >365 days.

Results
one year prior to inclusion, 1,540,915 individuals ≥65 years had not received APs and of these 93,298 initiated treatment with APs. Mean follow-up was 9.6 years. During follow-up, 246,057 (16%) experienced a fracture. Associations were for all APs highest in the initial treatment period (0–30 days) with IRRs for risperidone 1.97 (95% CI: 1.70–2.28), olanzapine 2.31 (95% CI: 1.96–2.73), quetiapine 2.09 (95% CI: 1.73–2.52), zuclopenthixol 2.19 (95% CI: 1.82–2.63), chlorprothixen 1.62 (95% CI: 1.18–2.24), flupenthixol 1.43 (95% CI: 1.06–1.93), levomepromazine 1.19 (95% CI 0.86–1.66), haloperidol 2.98 (95% CI 2.57–3.45), compared with the background population.

Conclusions
use of APs is associated with fractures in elderly persons especially in the initial treatment period. If AP use in an elderly person is deemed necessary, individual falls prophylaxis should be considered.
Legal Fragmentation, Extraterritoriality and Uncertainty in Global Financial Regulation
Authors: Lehmann Matthias 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article explores the reasons for legal fragmentation and extraterritoriality in the global regulation of finance. It shows that duplicative and overreaching rules are not necessarily the result of regulatory competition in which egoistic states undercut the rules of others in order to improve their position. An equally pivotal problem that global financial regulation has to cope with is uncertainty. Such uncertainty exists with regard to the right measures for achieving financial stability and with regard to the willingness and ability of other states to adopt them. The article analyses approaches to overcoming legal fragmentation while maintaining global financial stability. It suggests that there is no alternative to a collaborative approach, using intensified regulatory dialogue, a broadening of the information base and deference to other states’ rules. In order to improve the current mechanism, it proposes the introduction of multinational panels to assess whether regulatory and supervisory set-ups of two or more states lead to comparable outcomes, in which case they must be recognised as being ‘equivalent’ or ‘substituted compliant’.
Are we facing a physician assistant surplus?
Authors: Salsberg Edward , Quigley Leo 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The rapid growth in the physician assistant (PA) pipeline reflects in part a growing demand for health services that has created many opportunities for new PAs. However, the simultaneous growth in the production of physicians and NPs raises the question as to whether the nation will overproduce PAs and other clinicians. Although the growing supply of PAs will help meet the nation's healthcare needs, this study concludes that the job market for new PAs is likely to tighten. The authors recommend a system to track supply, demand, and distribution to inform the PA community and to encourage alignment of supply and demand.