bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Approach to Children with Unexplained Global Developmental Delay in Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Veronese Airin , Osredkar Damjan , Lovrečić Luca , Troha Gergeli Anja 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background Global developmental delay (GDD) is a common pediatric disorder that affects up to 3% of children. Due to the heterogeneous etiology of GDD, diagnostic procedures and algorithms are complex and diverse. The aim of our study was to investigate the diagnostic yield of genetic, metabolic, and imaging studies in establishing the etiology of unexplained GDD (UGDD).
Methods In this retrospectively observational study, we examined the medical records of all children diagnosed with UGDD at the Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia, between January and December 2019. We evaluated the effectiveness of various genetic, metabolic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tests in identifying the underlying cause of GDD. Additionally, we assessed subgroups of patients to determine whether any of the studied tests were particularly beneficial based on their clinical symptoms.
Results A total of 123 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a median age of 4.3 years (range, 0–16 years), of which 71 (57.7%) were males. Genetic diagnosis was established in 47.1% (58/123) of patients. Metabolic laboratory testing did not identify a metabolic disease in any of the tested participants (114/123) and MRI was critical for diagnosis in only 1/81 (1.2%) patient.
Conclusion Our findings strongly suggest that genetic testing surpasses MRI and metabolic testing in establishing the etiology of UGDD in a pediatric neurology outpatient setting. This information will help guide the diagnostic evaluation of these children.
Perinatal Outcomes Based on Number of Digital Exams in Patients with Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membrane
Authors: Burd Julia , Xie Evaline , Kelly Jeannie C. , Carter Ebony B. , Odibo Anthony , Zofkie Amanda , Frolova Antonina , Raghuraman Nandini 
Published: October 2024

Objective The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends speculum exams, rather than digital exams, for evaluation of the cervix after preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). However, in clinical practice, digital exams may be necessary. We examined whether increasing numbers of digital exams were associated with adverse outcomes in PPROM.
Study Design This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients admitted between 2019 and 2021 with PPROM at 24 to 34 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome was intra-amniotic infection and inflammation (triple I), compared between patients who had ≤1 or ≥2 digital exams during expectant management of PPROM. Secondary outcomes included latency, antepartum events, and other maternal and neonatal morbidities. Groups were compared using univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards model to account for time between admission and delivery and potential confounders.
Results Of 125 patients included in the analysis, 46 (36.8%) had ≤ 1 and 79 (63.2%) had ≥2 digital exams. There was no significant difference in triple I between groups (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47, 2.26). There were no significant differences in composite maternal or neonatal morbidities or latency from admission to delivery between groups (8 days [interquartile range (IQR): 3, 14] vs. 6 days [IQR: 3, 12]). There was a higher rate of spontaneous labor as the indication for delivery in the group with ≥2 exams (aHR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.04, 4.11).
Conclusion In this retrospective cohort study, ≥2 digital exams during expectant management of PPROM was not associated with change in infectious morbidity or pregnancy latency. There was an increase in spontaneous labor in the group with more digital exams; this may be due to confounding by indication, as patients who are in prodromal labor are more likely to receive digital exams. These results suggest equipoise in exam type in the management of PPROM.
Key Points
Epoxidation of Chalcone Derivatives under Visible-Light Irradiation: An Organophotoredox Catalytic Approach
Authors: Xie Pan , Zhang Wanying , Liu Mengmeng , Zhao Xuyang , Wen Feifei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEpoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones under visible-light irradiation constitutes a significant chemical transformation with potential applications in the synthesis of epoxypropane derivatives. An organophotoredox catalytic system is herein reported to facilitate efficient aerobic epoxidation. This protocol enables the conversion of α,β-unsaturated ketones into their corresponding epoxy products with moderate to high yields under benign reaction conditions. The methodology demonstrates broad functional-group compatibility, providing a reliable and direct route to a variety of functionalized epoxypropane compounds. Additionally, the absence of heavy metals in this strategy renders it particularly suitable for the pharmaceutical industry, offering a new avenue for the synthesis of epichlorohydrin drugs.
On a Hunt for the “True” Septocutaneous Perforator: A Histology Cross-Section Study
Authors: Kubat Martin , Dvorak Zdenek , Zoufaly Dusan , Hermanova Marketa , Joukal Marek , Hallock Geoffrey G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background Modern trends in reconstructive surgery involve the use of free perforator flaps to reduce the donor site morbidity. The course of perforator vessels has a great anatomic variability and demands detailed knowledge of the anatomical relationships and the variability of the course of the perforators. The numerous modifications to perforator nomenclature proposed by various authors resulted in confusion rather than simplification. In our study, we focused on the hypothesis that a septocutaneous perforator traverses from the given source vessel to the deep fascia adherent to but not to within the septum itself.
Methods Sixty-nine septocutaneous perforators from three different limb donor sites (lateral arm flap, anterolateral thigh flap, and radial forearm free flap) were collected from the gross pathology specimens of 14 fresh cadavers. The gross picture and the cross-sections with the histological cross-sections on different levels were examined to determine the position of the vessel to the septal tissue.
Results Of the observed 69 septal perforators, 61 (88.5%) perforators were adherent to but not within the septum. The remaining eight (12.5%) perforators passed through the septum. All these eight perforators were found in multiple different cross-section levels (2 of 19 in lateral arm flap, 3 of 27 in anterolateral thigh flap, and 3 of 23 in radial forearm free flap).
Conclusion Although septocutaneous vessels appear identical macroscopically, microscopically two types of vessels with paraseptal and intraseptal pathways are observed. The majority of these vessels are merely adherent to the septum having a paraseptal pathway, while a minority are within the septum and are “true” septocutaneous perforators. It is advisable to dissect with a piece of the septum in order to avoid damage or injury to the perforator.
Management of Chronic Neuromuscular Respiratory Failure in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ghanem Mustafa H. , Lee Won , Lussier Bethany L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this seminar we describe the critical care management of patients with chronic neuromuscular diseases (cNMD). Determination of the acuity of the critical illness and trajectory of illness in the setting of cNMD is necessary to guide decision making. Systemic complications of critical illness, cardiac support needs, and peri-intubation considerations may be affected by underlying diagnosis. Mechanical ventilatory support, whether noninvasive or invasive, requires redefinition of the goals of ventilation on a patient-by-patient basis. Mode and approach to invasive ventilation and liberation to noninvasive ventilation versus tracheostomy have limited evidence, but potential clinical approaches are reviewed.
Analysing the effects of feeding black soldier fly on broiler growth performance: a meta-analysis
Authors: Hayat Zafar , Riaz Tuba , Attia Youssef A. , Hameed Faran , Siddiqui Fahad Javaid 
Published: October 2024

Context The black soldier fly has been found to be a rich protein source, containing high amounts of protein and lipids, making them a valuable and sustainable alternative to conventional protein sources, such as fish and soybean meals, for broilers, which has also been demonstrated by multiple studies. Aims A meta-analysis was conducted using peer-reviewed published research on the use of black soldier flies in poultry diets to test the hypothesis that it enhances growth performance as a sustainable alternative to plant-based protein sources. Methods To this end, we used publicly available databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Embase) to identify peer-reviewed papers. Retrieved articles were screened for relevance and quality using established criteria. The studies were largely rejected due to non-reporting of variance measures or reporting pooled measures of variance that could not be used. As a result, eight studies were used to extract data for growth performance, including body weight gain. Key results The meta-analysis showed that the effect of feeding black soldier fly meals on body weight gain was non-significant. However, the subgroup analysis showed that utilisation of the frozen form of the black soldier fly lowers body weight gain compared with the birds fed basal diets. Furthermore, the feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced when the broilers were fed with diets containing black soldier fly meals. The feed conversion ratio showed non-significant (P > 0.05) differences with the supplementation. Conclusions The inclusion level of black soldier fly larvae meal in any form was seen to be safe up to 10%, and the effective duration of the supplementation was ≤35 days. Implications The utilisation of black soldier fly as a sustainable protein source should be encouraged to facilitate farmers in terms of being less dependent on soybean meal, as well as to reduce the competition between humans and animals for plant protein sources.
Threads of control
Authors: Karoubi Behrouz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article delves into the intricate relationship between translation and censorship, unraveling the
multifaceted tapestry woven by historical, societal, economic, and personal threads. Exploring the genealogy of censorship, the
study identifies four distinct sources of censorial power — state and religious institutions, social structures, market forces,
and individual idiosyncrasies. From the overt regulatory mechanisms of totalitarian regimes to the subtle influences of structural
censorship and market-driven constraints, the article navigates the challenges posed to freedom of expression within the dynamic
realm of translation. Drawing from historical examples and theoretical frameworks, the discussion highlights the impact of
censorship on translators and translated works, illustrating how institutional, societal, economic, and personal forces shape
communicative landscapes. By scrutinizing these diverse facets, this article offers a comprehensive understanding of the
complexities surrounding translation censorship, encouraging ongoing examination of the ever-evolving forces shaping the world of
translation.
La mujer y los estereotipos de género en la fraseología española
Authors: González-Jover Adelina Gómez 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Phraseology, as a form of expression inextricably linked to the identity, idiosyncrasy and culture of a linguistic community,
reveals the way in which its speakers construct and reconstruct the world. With this premise as a starting point, in this paper we propose
to analyse Spanish phraseology in terms of the representation of women and, more specifically, how it contributes to the creation and
perpetuation of gender values and stereotypes. Based on a corpus of 154 phraseological expressions of peninsular Spanish that refer to
characteristics attributed to the female gender, we propose to analyse and detect the stereotypes that persist in Spanish social identity
in current language. The cognitive phraseological approach will allow us to determine how speakers categorise themselves and how this
categorisation is linguistically codified, highlighting a series of semantic connotations with sexist implications. All this, with a view
to tackling the problem of gender in the translation of phraseological units.
Los referentes culturales en el refranero chino
Authors: Qin Jian 
Published: October 2024

Resumen
Los refranes son las unidades lingüísticas que conllevan la sabiduría popular acumulada a lo largo de los siglos de una
sociedad. Representan la filosofía de la vida, la conceptualización de los valores, del pensamiento moral y de los hábitos de una
determinada sociedad. Se consideran una de las unidades lingüísticas más características de un país o nación. Muchos de ellos plantean
problemas a los traductores en el proceso traductológico por sus elementos específico-culturales, comúnmente llamados referentes
culturales o culturemas. Esta investigación se centra en analizar los referentes culturales que manifiestan en
los refranes chinos recopilados en una base de datos paremiológica a partir de tres campos semánticos: mujer, meteorología y superstición.
A través de del dicho análisis, pretende extraer los que se asocian a las mujeres, al topónimo, al festival o calendario, y a la
superstición, y después ofrecer las propuestas sobre la resolución de los problemas planteados por las referencias culturales.
ONTODIC
Authors: Alcina Amparo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
After analyzing other linguistic ontologies and lexical models with a variety of perspectives, objectives and results, it was found that they were unsuitable for building dictionaries. To help overcome these issues, a model of linguistic knowledge representation was designed. The ONTODIC model presents two major differences with respect to other ontologies. On the one hand, the aim of ONTODIC has been to model language from the premises of linguistics. This means studying the linguistic elements in their natural contexts, that is, the texts. On the other hand, the design of ONTODIC is based on the principles of description logic.
Kinetic energy driven two-sublattice double-exchange: a general mechanism of magnetic exchange in transition metal compounds
Authors: Saha-Dasgupta Tanusri , Pradhan Koushik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
One of the most important phenomena in magnetism is the exchange interaction between magnetic centres. In this topical review, we focus on the exchange mechanism in transition-metal compounds and establish kinetic-energy-driven two-sublattice double-exchange as a general mechanism of exchange, in addition to well-known mechanisms like superexchange and double exchange. This mechanism, which was first proposed (Sarma et al 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett.
85 2549), in the context of Sr2FeMoO6, a double-perovskite compound, later found to describe a large number of 3d and 4d or 5d transition metal-based double perovskites. The magnetism in multi-sublattice magnetic systems like double-double and quadrupolar perovskites involving 3d and 4d or 5d transition-metal ions have also been found to be governed by this as a primary mechanism of exchange. For example, the numerical solution of a two-sublatice double exchange with additional superexchange couplings for the FeRe-based double double and quadrupolar perovskites are found to reproduce the experimentally observed magnetic ground state as well as the high transition temperature of above 500 K. The applicability of this general mechanism extends beyond the perovskite crystal structures, and oxides, as demonstrated for the pyrochlore oxide, Tl2Mn2O7 and the square-net chalcogenides KMnX2 (X = S, Se, Te). The counter-intuitive doping dependence and pressure effect of magnetic transition temperature in Tl2Mn2O7 is explained, while KMnX2 (X = S, Se, Te) compounds are established as half-metallic Chern metals guided by two sublattice double exchange. While the kinetic energy-driven two-site double-exchange mechanism was originally proposed to explain ferromagnetism, a filling-dependent transition can lead to a rare situation of the antiferromagnetic metallic ground state, as found in La-doped Sr2FeMoO6, and proposed for computer predicted double perovskites Sr(Ca)2FeRhO6. This opens up a vast canvas to explore.
Low doses of ionising radiation: definitions and contexts
Authors: Harrison John D , Hill Mark A , McCready-Shea Susan , Smith Graham M , Sutton David G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The term ‘low dose’ is applied to different levels of dose depending on the circumstances of exposure, with the potential for confusion unless the reasoning is clear. The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Ionising Radiation has defined low absorbed doses of ionising radiation as below about 100 mGy, and low dose rates as below 0.1 mGy min−1 (6 mGy h−1). These values relate to the interpretation of scientific evidence from epidemiological and biological studies. The International Commission on Radiological Protection has used similar values of 100 mSv and 5 mSv h−1 and applied this categorisation directly to the specific situation of patients undergoing diagnostic procedures: doses below 100 mSv were referred to as ‘low’ and doses below 10 mSv as ‘very low’. Consideration of other exposure situations suggest that the same terms can be used for exposures received by emergency workers. However, for workers and members of the public in planned exposure situations, it is suggested that the term ‘low dose’ applies to doses below 10 mSv and 1 mSv, respectively—that is, below the dose limits. In each case, dose is being used as a surrogate for risk—risks at low doses are uncertain and estimates may change, but order of magnitude considerations are sufficient in most cases. Doses of < 100 mSv, < 10 mSv and < 1 mSv correspond to life-time cancer risk estimates of the order of < 10−2, < 10−3 and < 10−4, respectively.
Estimation of local variation in Young’s modulus over a gold nanocontact using microscopic nanomechanical measurement method
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Zhang Jiaqi , Aso Kohei , Arai Toyoko , Tomitori Masahiko , Oshima Yoshifumi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nanoscale materials tend to have a single crystal domain, leading to not only size dependence but also orientation dependence of their mechanical properties. Recently, we developed a microscopic nanomechanical measurement method (MNMM), which enabled us to obtain equivalent spring constants (force gradients) of nanocontacts (NCs) while observing their atomic structures by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Therein, we evaluated Young’s modulus based on a model that a newly introduced layer at the thinnest section of a NC determined the change in the measured equivalent spring constant, and discussed their size dependence. However, this model is not general for other nanomaterials that do not exhibit the introduction of a new atomic layer while stretching. In this study, using MNMM, we propose a new analytical method to directly retrieve the local Young’s modulus of nanomaterials by measuring initial lattice spacing and its displacement of a local region in the TEM image during the stretching of the NC. This reveals the size dependence of local Young’s modulus at various positions of the NC at once. As a result, our estimated Young’s modulus for a gold [111] NC showed a size dependence similar to the one previously reported. This indicates that this analytical method benefits in revealing the mechanical properties of not only nanomaterials but also structurally heterogeneous materials such as high-entropy alloys.
Biochar carbon removal from residues in Germany—assessment from environmental and economic perspectives
Authors: Lenk Clara , Zozmann Elmar , Bluhm Hannes , Hirschl Bernd 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The topic of biochar carbon removal (BCR), which refers to the pyrolysis of biomass, is increasingly being discussed as a potential solution for the long-term removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, BCR technology assessments in Germany, which are used as the basis for strategic decision-making, are often limited to woody biomass as an input material and are based on old data. Consequently, this study focuses on BCR from forest residues, straw and sewage sludge and assesses its contribution to negative emissions under current techno-economic framework conditions. Using life cycle assessment and annuity method, as well as complementary stakeholder engagement formats, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of BCR pathways in Germany based on an empirical, up-to-date data basis. The results highlight the environmental advantages of BCR, particularly in reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to the conventional treatment of residues. The economic feasibility of BCR is uncertain, with profitability dependent on plant scale, biomass type and the integration of energy co-products. Stakeholder insights underscore the necessity for supportive policies and investment in BCR technology to enhance scalability. This interdisciplinary approach enriches the discourse on BCR’s role in achieving carbon neutrality and offers a robust data foundation for future evaluations.
Fractional Brownian motion in confining potentials: non-equilibrium distribution tails and optimal fluctuations
Authors: Meerson Baruch , Sasorov Pavel V 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
At long times, a fractional Brownian particle in a confining external potential reaches a non-equilibrium (non-Boltzmann) steady state. Here we consider scale-invariant power-law potentials

V
(
x
)
∼

|

x

|
m

, where m > 0, and employ the optimal fluctuation method (OFM) to determine the large-

|
x
|

tails of the steady-state probability distribution

P

(
x
)

of the particle position. The calculations involve finding the optimal (that is, the most likely) path of the particle, which determines these tails, via a minimization of the exact action functional for this system, which has recently become available. Exploiting dynamical scale invariance of the model in conjunction with the OFM ansatz, we establish the large-

|
x
|

tails of

ln
⁡

P

(
x
)

up to a dimensionless factor

α
(
H
,
m
)

, where

0
<
H
<
1

is the Hurst exponent. We determine

α
(
H
,
m
)

analytically (i) in the limits of H → 0 and H → 1, and (ii) for m = 2 and arbitrary H, corresponding to the fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (fOU) process. Our results for the fOU process are in agreement with the previously known exact

P

(
x
)

and autocovariance. The form of the tails of

P

(
x
)

yields exact conditions, in terms of H and m, for the particle confinement in the potential. For

H
≠
1

/

2

, the tails encode the non-equilibrium character of the steady state distribution, and we observe violation of time reversibility of the system except for m = 2. To compute the optimal paths and the factor

α
(
H
,
m
)

for arbitrary permissible H and m, one needs to solve an (in general nonlinear) integro-differential equation. To this end we develop a specialized numerical iteration algorithm which accounts analytically for an intrinsic cusp singularity of the optimal paths for

H
<
1

/

2

.