bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEO compensation risk and pay for luck asymmetry
Authors: Ning Yixi , Zhong Ke , Chen Lihong 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This study aims to examine the effect of CEO compensation risk, as measured by the proportion of equity-based pay (option and stock awards) relative to total compensation and pay sensitivity to stock volatility, on CEO pay for luck asymmetry. This paper also empirically examines CEO compensation risk as a mediating variable between the regulatory changes and CEO pay for luck asymmetry.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper test the proposed two hypothesis that CEO compensation risk is positively associated with the degree of CEO pay for luck asymmetry; and the pay related regulations implemented around 2006 could mitigate the degree of CEO pay for luck asymmetry using the fixed-effects regression models.

Findings
Consistent with the managerial talent retention hypothesis, this paper finds that CEO compensation risk, as measured by the equity-based pay as a proportion of CEO total compensation and CEO pay sensitivity to stock volatility, is positively associated with the degree of CEO pay for luck asymmetry. In addition, this paper find that CEO pay for luck asymmetry is significantly reduced by the major regulatory changes on executive compensation implemented around 2006.

Research limitations/implications
This study is among the very few studies exploring the impact of CEO compensation risk on pay for luck asymmetry in the literature. While the major purpose of the widely used stock options is to align executive interests and shareholder values, it also tends to increase the risk level of CEO compensation. So, a well-designed CEO pay package should protect risk-averse CEOs from bad luck for the retention purpose, which is also beneficial to shareholder wealth maximization. Therefore, future research on executive compensation needs to examine the issue from various perspectives.

Practical implications
For board of directors who is responsible for the compensation of CEOs, it is necessary to consider a broad range of factors when designing an optimal CEO pay package.

Social implications
The findings on the impact of regulations on CEO pay for luck asymmetry suggest that the executive-pay-related regulations around 2006 have indeed achieved some of their intended goals to significantly lower pay for nonperformance asymmetry, whereby CEO pay sensitivity to stock volatility has been identified as a major mediating variable.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on executive pay for luck asymmetry in several perspectives. First, this paper finds that CEO compensation risk has a positive impact on the degree of CEO pay for luck asymmetry. Second, this paper finds that the CEO pay for luck asymmetry has been mitigated after 2006 when various regulatory changes on executive compensation began to be implemented in the USA. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the very few studies investigating these issues in the literature.
Digitalization and economic development: lessons from globalized developing countries
Authors: Sinha Madhabendra , Roy Samrat , Tirtosuharto Darius 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to empirically investigate the dynamic interlinkages among globalization, digitalization and economic development in the top 75 most globalized countries from 2000 to 2019. The selection of the 75 most globalized developing countries is based on the overall scores of the KOF Globalization Index (2021).

Design/methodology/approach
The research design is based on secondary data collected from the World Bank (2021), the International Telecommunication Union (2021) and the KOF Globalization Index (2021). The study uses panel unit root tests followed by the panel cointegration techniques. Further, the estimation uses panel fully modified ordinary least squares and panel dynamic ordinary least squares methods.

Findings
The empirical results reveal that the effect of globalization on economic development is sensitive to different estimation procedures; in some cases, but not in every case, the effect is positive and significant. However, the positive and significant effect of digitalization on economic development is robust across all estimated models. Long-run equilibrium relationships and bidirectional causalities strongly affirm the nexus among globalization, digitalization and economic development, substantiating the interconnectedness among 75 developing economies.

Originality/value
The study reinstates that the forces of globalization and digitalization will be instrumental in shaping the selected most globalized economies in the long run. Adopting various econometric methodologies takes care of the time-specific and cross-sectional dynamics, as evident in the panel framework considered in this study. The empirical findings truly ascertain the theoretical synergy among the forces of globalization leading to more digitalization and economic development. This makes the empirical interplay highly conducive to framing long-term policies to expand the information communication network in terms of its access and reach.
Completing 3D point clouds of individual trees using deep learning
Authors: Bornand Aline , Abegg Meinrad , Morsdorf Felix , Rehush Nataliia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In close‐range remote sensing data collected in a forest, occlusion often causes incomplete or sparse point cloud representations of individual trees, impeding accurate 3D reconstruction of tree architecture and estimation of tree height and volume. Recent developments in deep learning (DL) for 3D data have produced approaches for point cloud completion, which could potentially be applied to trees.

We explored the potential of a DL approach to fill gaps in dense point clouds representing the main structures of deciduous trees by applying an existing transformer‐based completion model (PoinTr). Complete point clouds are required as training data, but even dense terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data sets contain gaps caused by occlusion, making it nearly impossible to acquire such data. We therefore investigated the ability of point cloud completion models trained on a range of synthetic data sets to handle occlusion patterns in real‐world point clouds.

Despite the limited data set, we successfully fine‐tuned a general pre‐trained completion model to fill gaps within 1 m3 segments of tree point clouds. Fine‐tuning on synthetic tree data improved the model's ability to complete tree objects compared with training on diverse artificial objects. However, the quality of the predictions was influenced by the level of sophistication of the synthetic data. Our results demonstrate that incorporating even limited real‐world TLS data during training can considerably improve completion results but may introduce additional noise in the predictions.

3D point cloud completion with DL has the potential to improve and fill gaps in point clouds of individual trees, facilitating further steps in the processing and analysis of 3D forest data.
In vitro immuno‐prevention of nitration/dysfunction of myogenic stem cell activator HGF, towards developing a strategy for age‐related muscle atrophy
Authors: Tanaka Sakiho , Elgaabari Alaa , Seki Miyumi , Kuwakado So , Zushi Kahona , Miyamoto Junri , Sawano Shoko , Mizunoya Wataru , Ehara Kenshiro , Watanabe Naruha , Ogawa Yohei , Imakyure Hikaru , Fujimaru Reina , Osaki Rika , Shitamitsu Kazuki , Mizoguchi Kaoru , Ushijima Tomoki , Maeno Takahiro , Nakashima Takashi , Suzuki Takahiro , Nakamura Mako , Anderson Judy E. , Tatsumi Ryuichi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn response to peroxynitrite (ONOO−) generation, myogenic stem satellite cell activator HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) undergoes nitration of tyrosine residues (Y198 and Y250) predominantly on fast IIa and IIx myofibers to lose its binding to the signaling receptor c‐met, thereby disturbing muscle homeostasis during aging. Here we show that rat anti‐HGF monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1H41C10, which was raised in‐house against a synthetic peptide FTSNPEVRnitroY198EV, a site well‐conserved in mammals, functions to confer resistance to nitration dysfunction on HGF. 1H41C10 was characterized by recognizing both nitrated and non‐nitrated HGF with different affinities as revealed by Western blotting, indicating that the paratope of 1H41C10 may bind to the immediate vicinity of Y198. Subsequent experiments showed that 1H41C10‐bound HGF resists peroxynitrite‐induced nitration of Y198. A companion mAb‐1H42F4 presented similar immuno‐reactivity, but did not protect Y198 nitration, and thus served as the control. Importantly, 1H41C10‐HGF also withstood Y250 nitration to retain c‐met binding and satellite cell activation functions in culture. The Fab region of 1H41C10 exerts resistivity to Y250 nitration possibly due to its localization in the immediate vicinity to Y250, as supported by an additional set of experiments showing that the 1H41C10‐Fab confers Y250‐nitration resistance which the Fc segment does not. Findings highlight the in vitro preventive impact of 1H41C10 on HGF nitration‐dysfunction that strongly impairs myogenic stem cell dynamics, potentially pioneering cogent strategies for counteracting or treating age‐related muscle atrophy with fibrosis (including sarcopenia and frailty) and the therapeutic application of investigational HGF drugs.
Oocytes maintain low ROS levels to support the dormancy of primordial follicles
Authors: Qin Shaogang , Chi Xinyue , Zhu Zijian , Chen Chuanhe , Zhang Tuo , He Meina , Gao Meng , Zhao Ting , Zhang Jingwen , Zhang Lifan , Zheng Wenying , Chen Ziqi , Wang Wenji , Zhou Bo , Xia Guoliang , Wang Chao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrimordial follicles (PFs) function as the long‐term reserve for female reproduction, remaining dormant in the ovaries and becoming progressively depleted with age. Oxidative stress plays an important role in promoting female reproductive senescence during aging, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we find that low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for sustaining PF dormancy. Compared to growing follicles, oocytes within PFs were shown to be more susceptible to ROS, which accumulates and damages PFs to promote reproductive senescence. Mechanistically, oocytes within PFs were shown to express high levels of the intracellular antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), counteracting ROS accumulation. Decreased SOD1 expression, as a result of aging or through the experimental deletion of the Sod1 gene in oocytes, resulted in increased oxidative stress and triggered ferroptosis within PFs. In conclusion, this study identified antioxidant defense mechanisms protecting PFs in mouse ovaries and characterized cell death mechanisms of oxidative stress‐induced PF death.
Local CEOs and asymmetric cost behaviour
Authors: Ding Wenhong , Guan Wei , Ke Yun , Olsen Kari Joseph , Shi Zhenyang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe examine the effect of a local CEO (i.e., the CEO's state of origin is the same as his/her firm's headquarter states) on a firm's strategic capacity choices and the resulting cost asymmetry. We find that firms with local CEOs demonstrate greater cost asymmetry. Place attachment, local advantage and agency cost theory could all influence a firm's cost asymmetry. To differentiate between these explanations, we use a consequence test that examines the association between asymmetric costs and future performance. Our results indicate that the greater cost asymmetry in firms with local CEOs is associated with higher future firm value, which suggests that the greater cost asymmetry from local CEOs arises due more to a local advantage. We include several cross‐sectional tests to explore when this result is more or less pronounced. Our results suggest that geographically segmented labour markets play an important role in a firm's resource capacity decisions.
On the Occurrence of Pelusios gabonensis in the Taï National Park (Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Koné Drissa , Diarrassouba Adboulaye , Diagne Tomas , Luiselli Luca 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMany species of terrestrial and freshwater chelonians are at risk of extinction, particularly rainforest species due to massive habitat loss. Therefore, the presence of peripheral and isolated populations can have considerable conservation value. This article confirms the presence of Pelusios gabonensis in an area of mature forest in western Côte d'Ivoire for which fragmentary data existed in the literature. It would therefore be important to study the conservation status and the genetics of the Ivorian populations given their huge geographic distance with conspecifics from the Lower Guinean forests.
Exploring recent advances in drugs severe cutaneous adverse reactions immunopathology
Authors: Cadot Romane , Gery Perrine , Lenief Vanina , Nicolas Jean‐François , Vocanson Marc , Tauber Marie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSevere cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs (SCARs) are rare but life‐threatening delayed allergies. While they primarily affect the skin, they can also affect internal organs. Accordingly, they present with diverse clinical symptoms that vary not only between SCARs subtypes but also among patients. Despite the availability of topical and systemic treatments, these only address the symptoms and not the cause. To develop more effective therapies, it is necessary to elucidate the complexity of the pathophysiology of SCARs in relation to their severity. In line with the new type IV hypersensitivity reactions nomenclature proposed by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), this review highlights the current insights into the intricate immune mechanisms engaged, the interplay between the culprit drug and genetic predisposition in drug presentation mechanisms, but also how external factors, such as viruses, are implicated in SCARs. Their relevance to the development of targeted medicine is also discussed.
Letter: Enhancing gastric cancer prevention—The need for a comprehensive three‐tier emergency management strategy. Authors' reply
Authors: Ligato Irene , Annibale Bruno , Esposito Gianluca 
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Ligato et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17872 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18260
Editorial: Advancing care in Crohn's disease—Time to standardise bowel preparation scales. Authors' reply
Authors: Solitano Virginia , Ma Christopher , Jairath Vipul 
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Solitano et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18210 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18269
Ulinastatin attenuated cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing activation of the tissue kallikrein‐kinin system
Authors: Zhang Qin , Ruan Hang , Wang Xiaochuan , Luo Ailin , Ran Xiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeUlinastatin has beneficial effects in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery due to its anti‐inflammatory properties, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Experimental ApproachWe used samples from patients undergoing CABG, a model of cardiac ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice and murine cardiac endothelial cell cultures to investigate links between ulinastatin, the kallikrein‐kinin system (KKS), endothelial dysfunction and cardiac inflammation in the response to ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). These links were assessed using clinical investigations, in vitro and in vivo experiments and RNA sequencing analysis.Key ResultsUlinastatin inhibited the activity of tissue kallikrein, a key enzyme of the KKS, at 24 h after CABG surgery, which was verified in our murine cardiac ischaemia–reperfusion model. Under normal conditions, ulinastatin only inhibited kallikrein activity but did not affect bradykinin (B1/B2) receptors. Ulinastatin protected against IRI, in vivo and in vitro, by suppressing activation of the kallikrein‐kinin system and down‐regulating B1/B2 receptor‐related signalling pathways including ERK/ iNOS, which resulted in enhanced endothelial barrier function, mitigation of inflammation and oedema, decreased infarct size, improved cardiac function and decreased mortality. Inhibition of kallikrein and knockdown of B1, but not B2 receptors prevented ERK translocation into the nucleus, reducing reperfusion‐induced injury in murine cardiac endothelial cells.Conclusions and ImplicationsTreatment with ulinastatin exerts a protective influence on cardiac reperfusion by suppressing activation of the kallikrein‐kinin system. Our findings highlight the potential of targeting kallikrein /bradykinin receptors to alleviate endothelial dysfunction, thus improving cardiac IRI.
Immune regulatory and anti‐resorptive activities of tanshinone IIA sulfonate attenuates rheumatoid arthritis in mice
Authors: Panwar Preety , Andrault Pierre Marie , Saha Dipon , Brömme Dieter 
Published: September 2024

Background and PurposeRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and painful joint destruction. Current treatments are helpful in RA remission, but strong immunosuppressive activity and patient resistance are clinical issues. This study explores a dual‐action inhibitor, possessing both anti‐inflammatory and anti‐resorptive properties, as a novel treatment for RA.Experimental ApproachTherapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of ectosteric (tanshinone IIA sulfonate [T06]) and active site‐directed (odanacatib [ODN]) inhibitors of cathepsin K (CatK) were evaluated in RA mouse models. Pathology was assessed through biochemical analyses and histopathological examination. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to characterize immune cells. Anti‐inflammatory effects of T06 on nuclear factor kappa beta (NF‐κB) pathway were studied in macrophages.Key ResultsT06 effectively lowered the number of joint‐resident immune cells, accompanied by significantly reduced production of inflammatory cytokines and collagenolytic proteases. This also included the suppression of Th17 cells and IL‐17, resulting in the reduction of osteoclasts in arthritic joints and amplification of the overall anti‐resorptive effect of T06, which has been attributed to its selective inhibition of the collagenolytic activity of CatK by preventing its oligomerization. The anti‐inflammatory mechanism of T06 was based on blocking the phosphorylation of IκBα in the NF‐κB pathway, resulting in reduced activation and expression of inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, ODN had no effect on inflammation and disease progression and was limited to the inhibition of CatK.ConclusionsThe combined anti‐resorptive and anti‐inflammatory activities characterize T06 as a novel therapeutic agent for RA.
Breaking All the Rules: Information Technology Procurement in the Government of Canada
Authors: Boots Sean , Clarke Amanda , Brousseau Chantal , Lajoie Anne‐Michèle 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Government of Canada has recently faced intense parliamentary and public scrutiny of the role played by private contractors in its information technology (IT) projects, most notably in the case of the ArriveCAN application. With these ongoing investigations as its backdrop, this article analyzes patterns in federal government IT procurement between 2017 and 2022, drawing on a comprehensive analysis of the federal contracting open dataset. We reveal that the federal government betrays accepted best practice in modern government IT procurement on several key dimensions, including on contract values and lengths; on the diversity of suppliers; on the source of IT expertise; and in the management of intellectual property. We argue that the Canadian approach to IT procurement is an historically overlooked but crucial driver of its failing digital reform efforts. We conclude by turning to IT procurement policy reforms gaining traction outside Canada that may help the Government of Canada improve how it buys and deploys IT going forward—a task we argue is essential if the government wants to avoid future IT contracting scandals and deliver on its long‐standing promise of digital era modernization.
Revisiting dezocine for opioid use disorder: A narrative review of its potential abuse liability
Authors: Barr Gordon A. , Schmidt Heath D. , Thakrar Ashish P. , Kranzler Henry R. , Liu Renyu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsOpioid use disorder (OUD) remains a serious public health problem. Opioid maintenance treatment is effective but under‐utilized, hard to access under existing federal regulations, and, once patients achieve OUD stability, challenging to discontinue. Fewer than 2% of persons with OUD stop using opioids completely. There have been calls from public advocacy groups, governmental agencies, and public health officials for new treatments for OUD. Dezocine, a non‐scheduled opioid previously used in the United States and currently widely prescribed in China for pain management, could be a candidate for a novel OUD treatment medication in the U.S. Nonetheless, to date, there have been no reviews of the clinical and preclinical literature detailing dezocine's abuse potential, a key consideration in assessing its clinical utility.DiscussionThere are no English language reports of human abuse, dependence, or overdose of dezocine, despite years of extensive clinical use. There are a few case reports of dezocine abuse in the Chinese literature, but there are no reports of overdose deaths. Dezocine is perceived as an opioid and is “liked” by opioid‐experienced human and non‐human primates, properties that are not dose‐dependent and are mitigated by ceiling effects—higher doses do not result in more “liking.” There is little withdrawal, spontaneous or precipitated, in humans, monkeys, rats, or mice treated chronically with dezocine alone. However, at some doses, dezocine can precipitate withdrawal in humans and monkeys dependent on other opioids. In rodents, dezocine reduces the severity of morphine withdrawal and the rewarding properties of other opioids.ConclusionsAlthough dezocine is reinforcing in humans and monkeys with prior or concurrent opioid use within a restricted dose range, there are only a few anecdotal reports of dezocine abuse despite of the long history of use in humans. Given the evidence of dezocine's limited abuse potential, it could be useful both as a treatment for OUD. However, in‐depth studies would be required for dezocine to be re‐considered for clinical use.