bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of sleep, fatigue, and systemic inflammation on neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes in long‐term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Cheung Yin Ting , Brinkman Tara M. , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Mzayek Yasmin , Liu Wei , Banerjee Pia , Panoskaltsis‐Mortari Angela , Srivastava Deokumar , Pui Ching‐Hon , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Krull Kevin R. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDLong‐term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk for neurocognitive impairment, which may be associated with fatigue, sleep problems, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress. We examined these associations among survivors of childhood ALL treated with chemotherapy only.METHODSSurvivors of childhood ALL (male, n = 35 and female, n = 35; mean age, 14.3 years [standard deviation, 4.7 years] and mean years from diagnosis, 7.4 years [standard deviation, 1.9 years]) completed neurocognitive testing, behavioral ratings, and reported sleep quality and fatigue symptoms 5 years after diagnosis. Serum was collected concurrently and assayed for interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein. General linear modeling was used to assess associations among biomarkers and functional outcomes, adjusting for age and stratified by sex.RESULTSSurvivors performed worse than population norms on executive function and processing speed and reported more behavioral problems (P < .05 adjusted for multiple comparison). In female survivors, fatigue was associated with poor executive function (r = 0.41; P = .02), processing speed (r = 0.56; P < .001), and attention (r = 0.36‐0.55; P < .05). Female survivors with frequent nighttime awakening displayed more inattention (P = .01), hyperactivity (P = .03), and aggression (P = .01). Worse executive function, processing speed, and behavioral symptoms were observed in female survivors with higher levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and hsCRP (P < .05). Male survivors with high levels of TNF‐α demonstrated worse organization (P = .03), but no significant associations between neurocognitive outcomes and sleep/fatigue measures were observed.CONCLUSIONNeurocognitive function in female survivors of childhood ALL appears more susceptible to the effects of sleep disturbance and fatigue. Systemic inflammation may play a role in neurocognitive impairment and behavioral symptoms. Cancer 2017;123:3410‐9. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
In Situ PDF Study of the Nucleation and Growth of Intermetallic PtPb Nanocrystals
Authors: Saha Dipankar , Bøjesen Espen D. , Mamakhel Aref Hasen , Bremholm Martin , Iversen Bo B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe mechanism of Pt and PtPb nanocrystal formation under supercritical ethanol conditions has been investigated by means of in situ X‐ray total scattering and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. The metal complex structures of two different platinum precursor solutions, chloroplatinic acid and Pt(acac)2 (acac=acetylacetonate) provide atomic‐scale detail about the nucleation mechanisms after initiation of the reaction with Pb(acac)2 by heating. The stronger Pt−O chemical bonding in the Pt(acac)2 precursor complex compared with the Pt−Cl bonding in the chloroplatinic acid precursor complex leads to a much slower reduction of the Pt center, and this allows more optimal co‐reduction conditions providing a pathway for formation of phase‐pure intermetallic PtPb product. The matching chemistry of the Pt(acac)2 and Pb(acac)2 precursors allow development of a facile continuous flow supercritical ethanol process for obtaining phase‐pure hexagonal PtPb nanocrystals. The study thus highlights the importance of in situ studies in revealing atomic‐scale information about nucleation mechanisms, which can be used in design of specific synthesis pathways, and the new continuous‐flow process to obtain PtPb nanocrystals holds potential for large‐scale production.
Engineering the Pores of Biomass‐Derived Carbon: Insights for Achieving Ultrahigh Stability at High Power in High‐Energy Supercapacitors
Authors: Thangavel Ranjith , Kaliyappan Karthikeyan , Ramasamy Hari Vignesh , Sun Xueliang , Lee Yun‐Sung 
Published: April 2017

AbstractElectrochemical supercapacitors with high energy density are promising devices due to their simple construction and long‐term cycling performance. The development of a supercapacitor based on electrical double‐layer charge storage with high energy density that can preserve its cyclability at higher power presents an ongoing challenge. Herein, we provide insights to achieve a high energy density at high power with an ultrahigh stability in an electrical double‐layer capacitor (EDLC) system by using carbon from a biomass precursor (cinnamon sticks) in a sodium ion‐based organic electrolyte. Herein, we investigated the dependence of EDLC performance on structural, textural, and functional properties of porous carbon engineered by using various activation agents. The results demonstrate that the performance of EDLCs is not only dependent on their textural properties but also on their structural features and surface functionalities, as is evident from the electrochemical studies. The electrochemical results are highly promising and revealed that the porous carbon with poor textural properties has great potential to deliver high capacitance and outstanding stability over 300 000 cycles compared with porous carbon with good textural properties. A very low capacitance degradation of around 0.066 % per 1000 cycles, along with high energy density (≈71 Wh kg−1) and high power density, have been achieved. These results offer a new platform for the application of low‐surface‐area biomass‐derived carbons in the design of highly stable high‐energy supercapacitors.
Fluoropolymer‐Stabilized Chromophore–Catalyst Assemblies in Aqueous Buffer Solutions for Water‐Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Eberhart Michael S. , Wee Kyung‐Ryang , Marquard Seth , Skinner Kasey , Wang Degao , Nayak Animesh , Meyer Thomas J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHere, the application of the fluorinated polymer [Dupont AF, a copolymer of 4,5‐difluoro‐2,2‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐1,3‐dioxole and tetrafluoroethylene] is described in stabilizing phosphonate‐derivatized molecular assemblies on oxide electrodes. In the procedure, the polymer was dip‐coated onto the surfaces of oxide electrodes with pre‐bound, phosphonate‐derivatized chromophores and assemblies, including assemblies for water oxidation. The results of the experiments showed a high degree of stabilization by the added polymer and a demonstration of its use in stabilizing surface‐bound assemblies for water‐oxidation catalysis.
The importance of topographically corrected null models for analyzing ecological point processes
Authors: McDowall Philip , Lynch Heather J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnalyses of point process patterns and related techniques (e.g., MaxEnt) make use of the expected number of occurrences per unit area and second‐order statistics based on the distance between occurrences. Ecologists working with point process data often assume that points exist on a two‐dimensionalx–yplane or within a three‐dimensional volume, when in fact many observed point patterns are generated on a two‐dimensional surface existing within three‐dimensional space. For many surfaces, however, such as the topography of landscapes, the projection from the surface to thex–yplane preserves neither area nor distance. As such, when these point patterns are implicitly projected to and analyzed in thex–yplane, our expectations of the point pattern's statistical properties may not be met. When used in hypothesis testing, we find that the failure to account for the topography of the generating surface may bias statistical tests that incorrectly identify clustering and, furthermore, may bias coefficients in inhomogeneous point process models that incorporate slope as a covariate. We demonstrate the circumstances under which this bias is significant, and present simple methods that allow point processes to be simulated with corrections for topography. These point patterns can then be used to generate “topographically corrected” null models against which observed point processes can be compared.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Combustion under Elevated Pressure within Porous Inert Media
Authors: Bedoya Cesar , Zarzalis Nikolaos , Habisreuther Peter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGas combustion occurring within porous inert media (PIM) results in intensified heat and mass transfer in comparison to free laminar combustion. This leads to considerably lower emissions of pollutant species, that is, NOx and CO, larger flame stability range, lower thermo‐acoustic instabilities, gradual response to operative changes, and geometric flexibility of design. In this work, experiments were carried out to describe the influence of flow rate, pressure, temperature, and air‐to‐fuel ratio on the flame stability within PIM at nearly adiabatic conditions. The macroscopic thermal flame thickness and the burning velocity were calculated from measured temperature profiles and flow rates. As the main result, it was observed that the pressure effect on the burning velocity can differ considerably from that of laminar free flames, that is, the increase of pressure can positively affect the burning velocity. The obtained results were supported by theoretical modeling. A new model to average the species production rates in a volume‐averaged numerical model was proposed. The model considered spatial deviations of temperature and mass fractions along the cross‐sectional area using presumed probability density functions. Using this new model, results of burning velocities and profiles of average temperature were satisfactorily predicted when compared to experimental results shown here. Furthermore, easy‐to‐use tools for porous burner design were formulated and validated.
A chronology of post‐glacial landslides suggests that slight increases in precipitation could trigger a disproportionate geomorphic response
Authors: Johnson Bradley G. , Smith Jacqueline A. , Diemer John A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLarge, deep‐seated landslides are common throughout the south‐eastern San Juan Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico, but their timing and initiation are not well understood. Determining when the landslides occurred would aid in clarifying the mechanisms for initiating landslides in the region and would help us to understand post‐glacial landscape evolution. We studied seven pre‐historic landslides located within the Tertiary volcanic rocks of the San Juan Volcanic Field. The landslides range in area from ~0.8 km2 to ~11.3 km2 and most are located in areas that were previously mapped as having been ice‐covered during the last glaciation. Landslide deposits were dated using a variety of methods including surface exposure dating (chlorine‐36, 36Cl), radiocarbon dating of basal bog sediments and organic material buried in soils, and relative soil development. The resulting limiting ages range from approximately 14 ka to 2 ka and show that deep‐seated landsliding has occurred throughout the post‐glacial period. This broad range in ages is inconsistent with our initial hypothesis, which proposed that landslides were likely the result of debuttressing of glacial walls during glacial retreat. Furthermore, the timing of landslides does not seem to correlate with documented post‐glacial climatic shifts. Therefore, we conclude that landsliding in the region was the result of wetter than normal periods lasting months to years acting on weak bedrock preconditioned to failure and prepared by glacial debuttressing. Our findings suggest that the study area is likely still susceptible to deep‐seated landsliding and may become even more prone to large‐scale slope failure if future climate change increases precipitation in the San Juan Mountains. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical calibration and validation for modeling bench‐scale solvent‐based carbon capture. Part 1: Non‐reactive physical mass transfer across the wetted wall column
Authors: Wang Chao , Xu Zhijie , Lai Canhai , Whyatt Greg , Marcy Peter , Sun Xin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA hierarchical model calibration and validation are proposed for quantifying the confidence level of mass transfer prediction using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, where the solvent‐based carbon dioxide (CO2) capture is simulated and the predicted results are compared to the corresponding bench‐scale experimental data. Two unit problems with an increasing level of complexity are proposed to break down the complex physical/chemical processes of solvent‐based CO2 capture into relatively simpler problems to separate the effects of physical transport and chemical reaction. This paper focuses on the calibration and validation of the first unit problem, i.e., the CO2 mass transfer across a falling ethanolamine (MEA) film in the absence of chemical reaction. This problem is investigated both experimentally and numerically using non‐reactive nitrous oxide (N2O) as a surrogate for CO2. To capture motion of the gas‐liquid interface, a volume of fluid method is employed with a one‐fluid formulation to compute the mass transfer between the two phases. Parallel bench‐scale experiments are designed and conducted to validate and calibrate the CFD models using a general Bayesian calibration approach. Two important transport parameters, Henry's constant and gas diffusivity, are calibrated to produce the posterior distributions, which will be used as input for the second unit problem to address the chemical absorption of CO2 across the MEA falling film, where both mass transfer and chemical reaction are involved. Mass transfer coefficients predicted by CFD are also compared with those predicted by the traditional/empirical correlations under both steady and wavy falling film conditions. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postoperative radiotherapy for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma with intermediate risk of recurrence: A case match study
Authors: Barry Conor P. , Wong Daniel , Clark Jonathan R. , Shaw Richard J. , Gupta Ruta , Magennis Patrick , Triantafyllou Asterios , Gao Kan , Brown James S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) on recurrence and survival in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of intermediate recurrence risk.MethodsIntermediate risk patients, defined as pT1, pT2, pN0, or pN1 with at least one adverse pathological feature (eg, lymphovascular/perineural invasion), were identified from the head and neck databases of the Liverpool Head and Neck Cancer Unit and the Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute. Patients who received surgery and PORT were case matched with patients treated by surgery alone based on pN, pT, margins, and pathological features.ResultsNinety patients were matched into 45 pairs. There was significant improvement (P = .039) in locoregional control with PORT (84%) compared with surgery alone (60%), which was concentrated in the pN1 subgroup (P = .036), but not the pN0 subgroup (P = .331).ConclusionPORT significantly improves locoregional control for intermediate risk OSCC.
Changing youth attitudes toward the police through community policing programming
Authors: Leroux Elisabeth J. , McShane Kelly 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article presents an evaluation of a community policing program designed to increase youths’ positive attitudes toward the police. A total of 45 youth attended the program and were surveyed at 3 time points: before program commencement, after program completion, and after a 4‐month follow‐up time period. Four program outcomes were examined: global attitudes toward the police, perception of the police, distributive justice of the police, and perception of police discrimination. Overall, participation in the program was effective in reducing perceptions of police discrimination and increasing attitudes toward the police among all youth. Findings also support the program as a remedial intervention for youth with past negative encounters with the police. The evaluation is discussed in the context of promoting the successful implementation of future community policing programs targeted toward at‐risk youth.
Exhaustive generation of k‐critical ‐free graphs
Authors: Goedgebeur Jan , Schaudt Oliver 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe describe an algorithm for generating all k‐critical ‐free graphs, based on a method of Hoàng et al. (A graph G is k‐critical H‐free if G is H‐free, k‐chromatic, and every H‐free proper subgraph of G is ‐colorable). Using this algorithm, we prove that there are only finitely many 4‐critical ‐free graphs, for both and . We also show that there are only finitely many 4‐critical ‐free graphs. For each of these cases we also give the complete lists of critical graphs and vertex‐critical graphs. These results generalize previous work by Hell and Huang, and yield certifying algorithms for the 3‐colorability problem in the respective classes. In addition, we prove a number of characterizations for 4‐critical H‐free graphs when H is disconnected. Moreover, we prove that for every t, the class of 4‐critical planar ‐free graphs is finite. We also determine all 52 4‐critical planar P7‐free graphs. We also prove that every P11‐free graph of girth at least five is 3‐colorable, and show that this is best possible by determining the smallest 4‐chromatic P12‐free graph of girth at least five. Moreover, we show that every P14‐free graph of girth at least six and every P17‐free graph of girth at least seven is 3‐colorable. This strengthens results of Golovach et al.
Paddy management on different soil types does not promote lignin accumulation
Authors: Urbanski Livia , Kölbl Angelika , Lehndorff Eva , Houtermans Miriam , Schad Peter , Zhang Gang-Lin , Utami Sri Rahayu , Kögel-Knabner Ingrid 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPaddy soil management is generally thought to promote the accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) and specifically lignin. Lignin is considered particularly susceptible to accumulation under these circumstances because of the recalcitrance of its aromatic structure to biodegradation under anaerobic conditions (i.e., during inundation of paddy fields). The present study investigates the effect of paddy soil management on SOM composition in comparison to nearby agricultural soils that are not used for rice production (non‐paddy soils). Soil types typically used for rice cultivation were selected, including Alisol, Andosol and Vertisol sites in Indonesia (humid tropical climate of Java) and an Alisol site in China (humid subtropical climate, Jiangxi province). These soil types represent a range of soil properties to be expected in Asian paddy fields. All upper‐most A horizons were analysed for their SOM composition by solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and for lignin‐derived phenols by the CuO oxidation method. The SOM composition was similar for all of the above named parent soil types (non‐paddy soils) and was also not affected by paddy soil management. A substantial proportion (up to 23%) of the total aryl‐carbon in some paddy and non‐paddy soils was found to originate from condensed aromatic‐carbon (e.g., charcoal). This may be attributed to the burning of crop residues. On average, the proportion of lignin was low and made up 20% of the total SOM, and showed no differences between straw, particulate organic matter (POM), and the bulk soil material. The results from CuO oxidation are consistent with the data obtained from solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy. The extraction of lignin‐derived phenols revealed low VSC (vanillyl, syringyl, cinnamyl) values for all investigated soils in a range (4 to 12 g kg−1 OC) that was typical for agricultural soils. In comparison to adjacent non‐paddy soils, the data do not provide evidence for a substantial accumulation of phenolic lignin‐derived structures in the paddy soils, even for those characterized by higher organic carbon (OC) contents (e.g., Andosol‐ and Alisol (China)‐derived paddy soils). We conclude that the properties of the parent soil types are more important for the lignin content of the soils than the effect of paddy management itself.
Arrhenius equation modeling for the shelf life prediction of tomato paste containing a natural preservative
Authors: Jafari Seid Mahdi , Ganje Mohammad , Dehnad Danial , Ghanbari Vahid , Hajitabar Javad 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe shelf life of tomato paste with microencapsulated olive leaf extract was compared with that of samples containing a commercial preservative by accelerated shelf life testing. Based on previous studies showing that olive leaf extract as a rich source of phenolic compounds can have antimicrobial properties, application of its encapsulated form to improve the storage stability of tomato paste is proposed here.RESULTSRegarding total soluble solids, the control and the sample containing 1000 µg g−1 sodium benzoate had the lowest (Q10 = 1.63) and highest (Q10 = 1.88) sensitivity to temperature changes respectively; also, the microencapsulated sample containing 1000 µg g−1 encapsulated olive leaf extract (Q10 = 1.83) followed the sample containing 1000 µg g−1 sodium benzoate in terms of the highest kinetic rates. In the case of consistency, the lowest and highest activation energies (Ea) corresponded to samples containing 1000 µg g−1 non‐encapsulated olive leaf extract and 1000 µg g−1 microencapsulated olive leaf extract respectively.CONCLUSIONInterestingly, samples containing microencapsulated olive leaf extract could maintain the original quality of the tomato paste very well, while those with non‐encapsulated olive leaf extract rated the worst performance (among all specimens) in terms of maintaining their quality indices for a long time period. Overall, the shelf life equation was able to predict the consistency index of all tomato paste samples during long‐time storage with high precision. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Broadband light scattering and photoluminescence enhancement from plasmonic Vogel's golden spirals
Authors: Guo Ke , Du Mengqi , Osorio Clara I. , Koenderink A. Femius 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPeriodic arrays of plasmonic nanoantennas can enhance the directionality of light emission of nearby fluorophores and, therefore, have a great potential for a broad range of applications. Unfortunately, their narrow spectral bandwidth and the anisotropy of their optical resonances limit the use of these structures in applications such as solid state lighting. In this article, we study an alternative for periodic structures: Vogel's golden spirals. These spirals are deterministic structures with an approximate circular symmetry and a Fourier transform that is much more broadband than that of periodic lattices. Combining k‐space Stokes polarimetry and theoretical calculations, we first investigate the light scattering from Vogel's arrays and the coupling between individual nanoantennas. Next, photoluminescence measurements show that the spirals can enhance the forward emission of incoherent fluorescent sources embedded in a waveguide that also encloses the spiral. The enhancement occurs over a broad spectral band, proving the potential of Vogel's golden spirals for broadband light‐emitting devices.
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