bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies toward Long‐Life Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Gao Jun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis Minireview examines the operational lifetime of light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). Under continuous operation, both polymer‐based LECs (PLECs) and ionic transition‐metal complex (iTMC)‐based LECs (iTMC‐LECs) now exhibit a luminance half‐life exceeding 1000 h. This improved performance was accomplished with several effective strategies aimed at optimizing the operating scheme, the material composition, and the device architecture. These strategies are presented in detail with PLECs as an example. iTMC‐LECs are also highlighted owing to their excellent stress stability with regards to both luminance and operating voltage. The survey of literature data points to clear trends, as well as some unexpected results in LECs stressed for an extended period. Major challenges still exist, but long‐lasting LECs are possible when the proven strategies are combined with innovative materials and device design.
Metacognitive beliefs as a predictor of health anxiety in a self‐reporting Italian clinical sample
Authors: Melli Gabriele , Bailey Robin , Carraresi Claudia , Poli Andrea 
Published: December 2017

Research has supported the specific role that anxiety sensitivity, health‐related dysfunctional beliefs, and metacognitive beliefs may play in the development and maintenance of health anxiety symptoms. However, the role of metacognitive beliefs in health anxiety has only been explored in analogue samples. The aim of this study was to explore for the first time the association between metacognitive beliefs and health anxiety symptoms in a sample of participants who reported having received a diagnosis of severe health anxiety (hypochondriasis) or illness anxiety disorder and test whether these beliefs are significant predictors of health anxiety after controlling for anxiety, depression, anxiety sensitivity, and dysfunctional beliefs. A series of dimensional self‐report measures were administered to a large Italian sample (N = 458). At a bivariate level, Beliefs that Thoughts are Uncontrollable had a stronger association with health anxiety than any of the dysfunctional beliefs and anxiety sensitivity subscales. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that Beliefs that Thoughts are Uncontrollable predicted health anxiety symptoms over‐and‐above depression, general anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and health‐related dysfunctional beliefs. Despite many important limitations, this study supported the hypothesis that metacognition may have an important role in health anxiety in clinical samples.
How does routinely delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy for gambling disorder compare to “gold standard” clinical trial?
Authors: Smith David P. , Fairweather‐Schmidt A. Kate , Harvey Peter W. , Battersby Malcolm W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCurrently, it is unknown whether treatment outcomes derived from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for problem gamblers still hold when applied to patients seen in routine practice. Thus, data from an RCT of cognitive therapy versus exposure therapy for problem gambling versus patients of a gambling help service were compared. Assessments of problem gambling severity, psychosocial impairment, and alcohol use were undertaken at baseline and post‐treatment and evaluated within a counterfactual framework. Findings showed that the contrast between routine CBT for pokies and horse betting had a significant effect, indicative of a 62% lower gambling urge score if routine CBT recipients had all been horse/track betters opposed to gambling with “pokies.” However, the majority of contrasts indicated therapeutic outcomes achieved in routine CBT treatments were of equivalent robustness relative to RCT conditions. The present findings infer routine practice treatment outcomes are as efficacious as those generated in RCT contexts.
Cryptanalysis of an identity‐based authenticated key exchange protocol
Authors: Hatri Younes , Otmani Ayoub , Guenda Kenza 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAuthenticated key exchange protocols represent an important cryptographic mechanism that enables several parties to communicate securely over an open network. Elashry, Mu, and Susilo proposed an identity‐based authenticated key exchange (IBAKE) protocol where different parties establish secure communication by means of their public identities.The authors also introduced a new security notion for IBAKE protocols called resiliency, that is, if the secret shared key is compromised, the entities can generate another shared secret key without establishing a new session between them. They then claimed that their IBAKE protocol satisfies this security notion.We analyze the security of their protocol and prove that it has a major security flaw, which renders it insecure against an impersonation attack. We also disprove the resiliency property of their scheme by proposing an attack where an adversary can compute any shared secret key if just one secret bit is leaked.
Network condition and application‐based data adaptive intelligent message routing in vehicular network
Authors: Purkait Rajesh , Tripathi Sachin 
Published: December 2017

SummaryRecent advances in intelligent transportation systems enable a broad range of potential applications that significantly improve the vehicle and road safety and facilitate the efficient dissemination of information among the vehicles. To assist the vehicle traffic, message broadcasting is a widely adopted technique for road safety. But efficient message broadcasting is a significant issue, especially in a high network density due to the broadcast storm problem. To solve this issue, several methods are proposed to eliminate the redundant transmission of safety packets. However, they lack in restricting the broadcasting region of safety messages, and the transmissions of safety packets outside the dangerous region, and force the vehicles to unnecessary detours. This paper proposes an adaptive multimode routing protocol, network condition, and application‐based data adaptive intelligent message routing in vehicular network (NetCLEVER) that supports 2 modes of operation such as message broadcasting and intelligent routing. In message broadcasting mode, the NetCLEVER decides the dangerous region of the network by considering the changes of neighbor vehicles velocity, instead of current vehicle velocity, because a vehicle decision in velocity is interdependent with the preceding vehicles. In intelligent routing mode, the NetCLEVER exploits the cuckoo search optimization in routing by taking into account multiple routing factors such as the road topology of intersections and traffic signals and their impact on link stability, which improves the reliability of routing packets significantly. The performance evaluation illustrates that the proposed NetCLEVER improves reliable wireless communication as well as road safety in vehicular ad hoc networks.
Utility of core biopsy with concurrent ROSE FNA in the diagnosis of pancreatic tumor‐does the biopsy add any diagnostic benefit?
Authors: Yan Lei , Ikemura Kenji , Park Ji‐Weon 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) and endoscopic ultrasound‐guided core‐needle biopsy (EUS‐CNB) are widely used for diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic performance of ROSE EUS‐FNA and EUS‐CNB for diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy during the same EUS.MethodsPatients who underwent both FNA and CNB during the same EUS for pancreatic solid lesion were reviewed retrospectively. Sample adequacy, diagnostic yield (defined as percentage of definitive diagnosis), sensitivity and specificity for malignancy were compared between FNA and CNB.ResultsA total of 48 patients with solid pancreatic lesions were evaluated. The proportions of adequate samples were 48/48 (100%) for FNA and 45/48 (93.7%) for core biopsy (P = .24). The diagnostic yield was 42/48 (87.5%) and 33/48 (68.7%) for FNA and CNB respectively (P = .046). The incremental increase in diagnostic yield by combining both methods was 2/48 (4%). The diagnostic yield for malignancy was 30/32 (93.7%) for FNA and 23/32 (71.8%) for CNB (P = .043). The sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignancy for FNA and CNB were 90.6% and 69%, respectively (P = .045). The specificity was 100% for both methods. The sensitivity for diagnosing malignancy increased to 93.8% when the two methods were combined. The difference in diagnostic yield was not associated with lesion size or location.ConclusionEUS‐guided FNA is a superior method of assessing solid pancreatic lesion and pancreatic malignancy with better diagnostic yield and higher sensitivity than EUS‐CNB.
Modeling and Analysis of Traffic Flow Considering Automatic Gap Control
Authors: HOSHINO TAKAHIRO , YOSHIDA SATOSHI , HAMAMATSU YOSHIO 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYIn recent years, the number of vehicles with automatic gap control (AGC) (e.g., adaptive cruise control) has increased with the development of vehicle control technology. AGC mainly helps to ease driver fatigue on highways. Vehicles equipped with AGC can maintain an appropriate distance between two vehicles. Therefore, the traffic flow can be improved by AGC‐equipped vehicles. In this research, we develop a traffic flow model that considers AGC‐equipped vehicles, and is based on the Nagel–Schreckenberg model, which is a probabilistic cellular automaton model. The Nagel–Schreckenberg model can reproduce the basic features of traffic flow. On analyzing the mathematical model for the traffic including AGC‐equipped vehicles, we can obtain analytical solutions of the traffic flow and the average velocity.
Not all toxic butterflies are toxic: high intra‐ and interspecific variation in sequestration in subtropical swallowtails
Authors: Dimarco Romina D. , Fordyce James A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMany herbivorous insects make use of plant secondary metabolites by consuming and storing these toxic compounds in their body tissue or integument, thereby obtaining chemical defense against their natural enemies. Swallowtail butterflies in the tribe Troidini (Papilionidae) sequester toxic alkaloids (aristolochic acids, AAs) from their host plants in the genusAristolochia. Troidine butterflies have been a model group for development of theory on host plant chemical sequestration, but most studies on this group have been limited to a single species in North America. These studies have led, in part, to the paradigm that troidine butterflies are toxic, thereby explaining the numerous mimicry relationships that exist throughout most of their range. Herein, we present one of the first comparative studies in a single location of a community of troidine butterflies. We examined the AA content of five co‐occurring troidine butterfly species and their twoAristolochiahost plants. We found that oneAristolochiaspecies,A. triangularis, was preferred in choice assays and did not possess quantifiable levels of AA. We also found that most troidine butterflies did not possess quantifiable levels of AAs, but larvae have the ability to sequester AAs when it is present in their diet. A larval preference experiment showed that host plant AA concentration did not influence larval feeding choice. A performance experiment showed that higher levels of AAs in the diet increased larval mortality, which might indicate a cost associated with sequestration of the chemical defense and also might shed some light on why so many troidine butterflies in this community have little or no AAs. We propose that automimicry might be operating in this system and many putative models of this paradigmatic system might not possess plant‐derived defensive chemistry.
Nuclear magnetic resonance‐based metabolomics identifies phenylalanine as a novel predictor of incident heart failure hospitalisation: results from PROSPER and FINRISK 1997
Authors: Delles Christian , Rankin Naomi J. , Boachie Charles , McConnachie Alex , Ford Ian , Kangas Antti , Soininen Pasi , Trompet Stella , Mooijaart Simon P. , Jukema J. Wouter , Zannad Faiez , Ala‐Korpela Mika , Salomaa Veikko , Havulinna Aki S. , Welsh Paul , Würtz Peter , Sattar Naveed 
Published: December 2017

AimsWe investigated the association between quantified metabolite, lipid and lipoprotein measures and incident heart failure hospitalisation (HFH) in the elderly, and examined whether circulating metabolic measures improve HFH prediction.Methods and resultsOverall, 80 metabolic measures from the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER) trial were measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n = 5341; 182 HFH events during 2.7‐year follow‐up). We repeated the work in FINRISK 1997 (n = 7330; 133 HFH events during 5‐year follow‐up). In PROSPER, the circulating concentrations of 13 metabolic measures were found to be significantly different in those who were later hospitalised for heart failure after correction for multiple comparisons. These included creatinine, phenylalanine, glycoprotein acetyls, 3‐hydroxybutyrate, and various high‐density lipoprotein measures. In Cox models, two metabolites were associated with risk of HFH after adjustment for clinical risk factors and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP): phenylalanine [hazard ratio (HR) 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.53; P = 0.002] and acetate (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68–0.98; P = 0.026). Both were retained in the final model after backward elimination. Compared to a model with established risk factors and NT‐proBNP, this model did not improve the C‐index but did improve the overall continuous net reclassification index (NRI 0.21; 95% CI 0.06–0.35; P = 0.007) due to improvement in classification of non‐cases (NRI 0.14; 95% CI 0.12–0.17; P < 0.001). Phenylalanine was replicated as a predictor of HFH in FINRISK 1997 (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03–1.48; P = 0.023).ConclusionOur findings identify phenylalanine as a novel predictor of incident HFH, although prediction gains are low. Further mechanistic studies appear warranted.
Fabrication of Cu−CeO2 Coated Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composite Electrode for Simultaneous Determination of Guanine and Adenine
Authors: Aktürk Merve , Karabiberoğlu Şükriye Ulubay , Dursun Zekerya 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA copper nano particles and cerium (IV) oxide modified carbon nanotube based composite on glassy carbon electrode (Cu−CeO2/MWCNT/GCE) was fabricated for simultaneous determination of guanine and adenine. The surface morphology, chemistry and conductance of the prepared electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion X‐ray (EDX), X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The Cu−CeO2/MWCNT/GCE improved electrochemical behaviour of guanine and adenine compared to other electrodes. The modified electrode was also used for individual and simultaneous determination of guanine and adenine. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves were obtained linearly in the range of 0.20 to 6.00 μM for the guanine and 0.10 to 8.0 μM for the adenine by differential pulse voltammetry. The limits of detection of guanine and adenine were calculated as 0.128 and 0.062 μM, respectively. Interferences studies were also performed in the presence of inorganic and organic compounds. Moreover, the determination of guanine and adenine contents were carried out in a calf thymus DNA sample by the developed method with satisfactory results.
Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Iron‐Promoted Nickel on γ‐Al2O3 Nanosheets for Carbon Dioxide Methanation
Authors: Mebrahtu Chalachew , Abate Salvatore , Chen Shiming , Sierra Salazar Andrés Felipe , Perathoner Siglinda , Krebs Florian , Palkovits Regina , Centi Gabriele 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIron‐promoted nickel on γ‐Al2O3 nanosheets shows enhanced catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability for carbon dioxide methanation, a relevant process for energy storage and transportation (power‐to‐gas) for the future low‐carbon economy. Nanosheet‐type catalysts were synthesized by a two‐step hydrothermal method and characterized by several physicochemical methods. The catalytic activity for CO2 methanation was investigated in the 300–350 °C temperature range at a pressure of 5 bar. A high activity at 300 °C (≈860 molCH4 molNi−1 h−1) and 99 % CH4 selectivity with a stable catalytic performance for more than 50 h were observed for the nanosheets‐based sample promoted with iron. With respect to a commercial methanation catalyst, the Fe‐promoted nanosheets‐based catalyst showed an integral rate of CO2 conversion to methane more than three times higher, with a rate of deactivation 5 times lower at 300 °C. With respect to nanosheets catalysts without the use of Fe as promoter, the rate of CO2 conversion is approximately 5 times higher, and with respect to a catalyst with the same composition, but prepared using a bulk‐type alumina, the activity is approximately 2.5 times higher. There is thus a synergistic role of the unique nanostructure and Fe promotion. The nanosheets structure promotes Ni dispersion, forming small Ni nanoparticles (≈11–13 nm) upon reduction, which are very stable with time on stream and against oxidation. Fe forms an alloy with Ni upon reduction and improves the dispersion and reduction degree. No relation is observed between the quantitative number of basic sites and turnover frequency (TOF) values, but data suggest that the mobility of adsorbed CO2 towards the Ni particles, favored by the weakening of medium‐strong basic sites related to Fe promotion and nanosheets structure, determines the reaction rate and TOF.
Effect of nano silica and fine silica sand on compressive strength of sodium and potassium activators synthesised fly ash geopolymer at elevated temperatures
Authors: Shaikh Faiz , Haque Sharany 
Published: December 2017

SummaryEnvironment friendly geopolymer is a new binder which gained increased popularity due to its better mechanical properties, durability, chemical resistance, and fire resistance. This paper presents the effect of nano silica and fine silica sand on residual compressive strength of sodium and potassium based activators synthesised fly ash geopolymer at elevated temperatures. Six different series of both sodium and potassium activators synthesised geopolymer were cast using partial replacement of fly ash with 1%, 2%, and 4% nano silica and 5%, 10%, and 20% fine silica sand. The samples were heated at 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C at a heating rate 5°C per minute, and the residual compressive strength, volumetric shrinkage, mass loss, and cracking behaviour of each series of samples are also measured in this paper. Results show that, among 3 different NS contents, the 2% nano silica by wt. exhibited the highest residual compressive strength at all temperatures in both sodium and potassium‐based activators synthetised geopolymer. The measured mass loss and volumetric shrinkage are also lowest in both geopolymers containing 2% nano silica among all nano silica contents. Results also show that although the unexposed compressive strength of potassium‐based geopolymer containing nano silica is lower than its sodium‐based counterpart, the rate of increase of residual compressive strength exposed to elevated temperatures up to 400°C of potassium‐based geopolymer containing nano silica is much higher. It is also observed that the measured residual compressive strengths of potassium based geopolymer containing nano silica exposed at all temperatures up to 800°C are higher than unexposed compressive strength, which was not the case in its sodium‐based counterpart. However, in the case of geopolymer containing fine silica sand, an opposite phenomenon is observed, and 10% fine silica sand is found to be the optimum content with some deviations. Quantitative X‐ray diffraction analysis also shows higher amorphous content in both geopolymers containing nano silica at elevated temperatures than those containing fine silica sand.
A method to assess downward flame spread and dripping characteristics of fire‐retardant polymer composites
Authors: Wen Chuchu , Zhang Jiyue , Levendis Yiannis A. , Delichatsios Michael A. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryA method is described to assess the flame retardancy of polyethylene composites by measuring both their downward flame spread rates as well as their combined melting and dripping rates on rectangular rods, ignited at their top. The composite materials were produced by mixing pulverized polymer with organic additives of differing particle sizes, shapes, and mass fractions. The resulting mix was melted in a mold, and then it was solidified into rods. The additives were carbonaceous solids with particle sizes spanning from tens of nanometers to tens of micrometers. The mass fraction of the additives in the polymer matrix varied from 1 to 5 wt%. Upon ignition of the upper tips of the polymer composite rods, the downward flame spread rate and the melting and dripping rate were separately assessed by measuring their mass loss and their heights. The addition to polyethylene of finely sized carbonaceous additives at mass fractions of 4 to 5 wt% proved effective at significantly slowing down its downward flame spread by drastically hindering its dripping tendency. The effectiveness of the additives increased with increasing their mass fraction and decreasing their particle size. High mass fractions of carbon additives resulted in wicking, which can enhance radiatively the heat transfer.
SOFC Operation with Real Biogas
Authors: Hagen A. , Winiwarter A. , Langnickel H. , Johnson G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBiogas is a valuable energy source and will be available in future in systems relying on renewables. It is an attractive fuel for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), which are able to utilize the carbon contained in the biogas and which produce electricity with high efficiency. In the current paper, state‐of‐the‐art SOFCs were studied regarding performance and durability in relation to biogas as fuel and considering important contaminants, specifically sulfur. First, the catalytic behavior in relevant synthetic biogas mixtures was studied and the potential of dry reforming was demonstrated. Successful long term operation of an SOFC under both, conditions of steam and dry reforming, i.e., addition of steam or CO2 to avoid carbon formation was shown. For the steam reforming case a remarkable period of 3,500 h, hereof 3,000 h in the presence of H2S was achieved. Finally, a real biogas from a landfill gas unit was used as fuel. The concept of dry reforming was realized. The SOFC was successfully operated with and in one case even without a specific gas cleaning unit.
Synoptic monthly gridded global and regional four‐dimensional World Ocean Database and Global Temperature and Salinity Profile Programme (T, S, u, v) fields with the optimal spectral decomposition and P‐vector methods
Authors: Chu Peter C. , Fan Chenwu 
Published: December 2017

Synoptic monthly gridded (SMG) world ocean temperature (T) and salinity (S) fields with (1° × 1°) horizontal resolution and 28 standard vertical levels from the ocean surface to 3000 m deep have been established from the observational (T, S) profiles from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) World Ocean Database (WOD) from January 1945 to December 2014 and the Global Temperature and Salinity Profile Programme (GTSPP) from January 1990 to December 2009 using the optimal spectral decomposition (OSD) method. The world ocean abstract geostrophic currents (u, v) are calculated from the 4D SMG‐WOD and SMG‐GTSPP (T, S) data using the P‐vector inverse method. The SMG‐WOD (T, S, u, v) and SMG‐GTSPP (T, S, u, v) fields with a higher horizontal resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) have also been produced for the Mediterranean Sea, the Japan/East Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico.