bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a Multi‐level Approach on Frontline Interactions in the Public Sector: Institutional Transformations and the Dynamics of Real‐time Interactions
Authors: Bruhn Anders , Ekström Mats 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study develops a multi‐level approach on frontline interactions in the public sector. Previous research suggests that detailed analyses of frontline interactions are essential to our understanding of how welfare services take shape when policies and rules are applied and negotiated in individual cases. The dynamics and performances of real‐time interactions have, however, rarely been analyzed as such. This study shows how the methods developed in the field of Conversation Analysis can contribute to this research. Our multi‐level approach integrates analyses of the policy‐ and institutional transformations that shape conditions for frontline interactions; and analyses of how policies and rules are evoked, negotiated and reshaped in the turn‐by‐turn organization and performances of interaction. The approach is applied on an analysis of how rules regarding financial aid are applied in an authority highly affected by changes in welfare policy towards standardization and detailed regulations. The empirical case is the Swedish Board for Study Support. The empirical study includes analyses of documents, interviews and analyses of taped telephone conversations. The study shows how institutional arrangements of standardization, detailed regulations, monitoring and depersonalization, structure the frontline work and shape narrow frames for officials' discretion in interactions with clients. The study also shows how rules are invoked and negotiated in recurrent practices in the interaction: in the careful design of decisions; in the investigations of alternatives and exceptions from the rules in order to find solutions to the client's problems. The analyses of concrete interactional practices clearly indicate that also a rule‐governed work dominated by task discretion involves recurrent negotiations, flexibility and local policy‐making.
A parallel curriculum in lifestyle medicine
Authors: Pojednic Rachele , Frates Elizabeth 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBackgroundLess than 50 per cent of US primary care doctors routinely provide guidance to their patients on lifestyle behaviours such as diet, physical activity or weight control, despite the prediction by the World Health Organization that by 2020, two‐thirds of disease worldwide will be the result of poor lifestyle choices. This gap in patient–clinician dialogue is perhaps the result of a lack of structured training in medical school surrounding the components of lifestyle medicine.ContextAlthough Harvard Medical School does have a required course in nutrition, there are no requirements for the other components of lifestyle medicine, including physical activity, behaviour change and self‐care.InnovationSince 2009 Harvard Medical School has addressed this absence in the curriculum by developing a student‐led, faculty member‐advised, parallel curriculum in lifestyle medicine. Medical student participants were invited to take part in anonymous questionnaires between 2009 and 2013, which gathered data about personal ability and attitude in counselling patients on lifestyle behaviours, as well as subjective data on the curriculum content and applications to effective medical practice.Less than 50 per cent of US primary care doctors routinely provide guidance to their patients on lifestyle behavioursImplicationEach year, students have pointed to a lack of lifestyle medicine knowledge because of a gap in the traditional curriculum surrounding topics such as physical activity, nutrition and behaviour‐change strategies, and indicated that the inclusion of this knowledge and these skills was an important component of medical education. Although participation is currently voluntary, this is the first such curriculum of this type and addresses a critical gap in undergraduate medical education.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AND JOB PERFORMANCE AMONG ENGINEERS
Authors: Anvari Roya , Chikaji A I , Abu Mansor Nur Naha 
Published: December 2015

This study investigated the relationships between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) dimensions conscientiousness, courtesy, sportsmanship, and civic virtue and job performance. OCB is deemed as it is able to enhance the trait of job performance. Altruism, conscientiousness, courtesy, sportsmanship, and civic virtues as dimensions of OCB have been recognized to influence job performance. This was a correlational study with a cross-sectional design. Based on random sampling, 50 out of 68 engineers from SHAANXI AUTOMOBILE GROUP CO., LTD in People’s republic of China were chosen. Data were collected using a questionnaire- based survey. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Coefficient, multiple regressions were used to analyze the data. The results implied that OCB dimensions substantially relates positively with job performance. Based on the study, OCB is positively related to Job Performance. It emphasizes the benefits based on the new perspective of employees with OCBs who needs to be motivated in their work place.
Restriction of rapid eye movement sleep during adolescence increases energy gain and metabolic efficiency in young adult rats
Authors: Ribeiro‐Silva Neila , Nejm Mariana Bocca , da Silva Sylvia Maria Affonso , Suchecki Deborah , Luz Jacqueline 
Published: December 2015

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Sleep curtailment in infancy and adolescence may lead to long‐term risk for obesity, but the mechanisms involved have not yet been determined. This study examined the immediate and long‐term metabolic effects produced by sleep restriction in young rats.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Prolonged sleep restriction reduced weight gain (body fat stores) in young animals. After prolonged recovery, sleep‐restricted rats tended to save more energy and to store more fat, possibly owing to increased gross food efficiency. This could be the first step to understand this association.

Sleep curtailment is associated with obesity and metabolic changes in adults and children. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immediate and long‐term metabolic alterations produced by sleep restriction in pubertal male rats. Male Wistar rats (28 days old) were allocated to a control (CTL) group or a sleep‐restricted (SR) group. This was accomplished by the single platform technique for 18 h per day for 21 days. These groups were subdivided into the following four time points for assessment: sleep restriction and 1, 2 and 4 months of recovery. Body weight and food intake were monitored throughout the experiment. At the end of each time period, blood was collected for metabolic profiling, and the carcasses were processed for measurement of body composition and energy balance. During the period of sleep restriction, SR animals consumed less food in the home cages. This group also displayed lower body weight, body fat, triglycerides and glucose levels than CTL rats. At the end of the first month of recovery, despite eating as much as CTL rats, SR animals showed greater energy and body weight gain, increased gross food efficiency and decreased energy expenditure. At the end of the second and fourth months of recovery, the groups were no longer different, except for energy gain and gross food efficiency, which remained higher in SR animals. In conclusion, sleep restriction affected weight gain of young animals, owing to reduction of fat stores. Two months were sufficient to recover this deficit and to reveal that SR rats tended to save more energy and to store more fat.
Various Design Aspects of the Canadian Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor Core
Authors: Yetisir Metin , Xu Rui , Gaudet Michel , Movassat Mohammad , Hamilton Holly , Nimrouzi Mohammedhossein , Goldak John A. 
Published: December 2015

The Canadian Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor (SCWR) is a 1200 MW(e) channel-type nuclear reactor. The reactor core includes 336 vertical pressurized fuel channels immersed in a low-pressure heavy water moderator and calandria vessel containment. The supercritical water (SCW) coolant flows into the fuel channels through a common inlet plenum and exits through a common outlet header. One of the main features of the Canadian SCWR concept is the high-pressure (25 MPa) and high-temperature (350°C at the inlet, 625°C at the outlet) operating conditions that result in an estimated thermal efficiency of 48%. This is significantly higher than the thermal efficiency of the present light water reactors, which is about 33%. This paper presents a description of the Canadian SCWR core design concept; various numerical analyses performed to understand the temperature, flow, and stress distributions of various core components; and how the analyses results provided input for improved concept development.
Experimental Heat Transfer in an Annular Channel and 3-Rod Bundle Cooled With Upward Flow of Supercritical Water
Authors: Razumovskiy V. G. , Pis’mennyi Eu. N. , Sidawi Kh. , Pioro I. L. , Koloskov A. Eu. 
Published: December 2015

There have been relatively few publications detailing heat transfer to supercritical water (SCW) flowing through a channel with a bundle or just with a single rod (annular channel) as compared to heat transfer to SCW in bare tubes. In the present paper, results of experimental heat transfer to SCW flowing upward in an annular channel with a heated rod equipped with four helical ribs and a 3-rod bundle (rods are also equipped with four helical ribs) are discussed. The experimental results include bulk-fluid-temperature, wall-temperature, and heat-transfer-coefficient (HTC) profiles along the heated length (485 mm) for these flow geometries. Data obtained from this study could be applicable as a reference estimation of heat transfer for future fuel-bundle designs.
Media, Mood, and Meetings
Authors: Schneider Kurt , Liskin Olga , Paulsen Hilko , Kauffeld Simone 
Published: December 2015

This article investigates relationships between media, mood, and communication in teams, and studies how they are related to project success. Team projects are an essential part of the software engineering curriculum. Student teams carry out full software projects, including requirements elicitation, project management, implementation, and testing. This requires various technical skills, but non-technical and psychological aspects are of utmost importance as well, just as in professional software teams. Modern software is often developed by distributed teams. In many cases, team members feel isolated and distant from each other. Indirect communication and inappropriate media create a similar feeling of distance as geographical location. This perceived distance could have an impact on their individual and group moods, and eventually on project success. Therefore, these factors should be considered in educational software engineering team projects.
In a longitudinal study at Leibniz Universität Hannover, 20 student teams were observed over a period of 4 months. They were free to schedule team meetings when and where they wanted; and they could use any communication media they chose. Statistical correlations and non-parametric test are used for quantitative empirical analysis. Furthermore, we used analyses of variance for repeated measures to investigate conflicts over time. Results led to a number of recommendations for course organizers. They are interesting for software engineering in general.
ICFP 2004
Authors: Lämmel Ralf , Jones Simon Peyton 
Published: December 2015

Writing boilerplate code is a royal pain. Generic programming promises to alleviate this pain by allowing the programmer to write a generic "recipe" for boilerplate code, and use that recipe in many places. In earlier work we introduced the "Scrap your boilerplate" approach to generic programming, which exploits Haskell's existing type-class mechanism to support generic transformations and queries.
This paper completes the picture. We add a few extra "introspective" or "reflective" facilities, that together support a rich variety of serialisation and de-serialisation. We also show how to perform generic "zips", which at first appear to be somewhat tricky in our framework. Lastly, we generalise the ability to over-ride a generic function with a type-specific one.
All of this can be supported in Haskell with independently-useful extensions: higher-rank types and type-safe cast. The GHC implementation of Haskell readily derives the required type classes for user-defined data types.
The Influence of Alcohol Consumption, Cigarette Smoking, and Physical Activity on Leukocyte Telomere Length
Authors: Latifovic Lidija , Peacock Sarah D. , Massey Thomas E. , King Will D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground: Telomeres protect from DNA degradation and maintain chromosomal stability. Short telomeres have been associated with an increased risk of cancer at several sites. However, there is limited knowledge about the lifestyle determinants of telomere length. We aimed to determine the effect of three factors, known to be important in cancer etiology, on relative leukocyte telomere length (rLTL): alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 477 healthy volunteers ages 20 to 50 years who completed a questionnaire and provided a fasting blood sample. Multiplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to measure rLTL. Regression coefficients were calculated using multiple linear regression while controlling for important covariates.Results: There was no association between alcohol consumption and rLTL. Daily smokers and those in the middle and lower tertile of pack-years smoking had shorter rLTL than never daily smokers (P = 0.02). Data were suggestive of a linear trend with total physical activity (P = 0.06). Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of vigorous physical activity was associated with longer rLTL. A significant linear trend of increasing rLTL with increasing vigorous physical activity was observed (P = 0.02).Conclusions: Cigarette smoking and vigorous physical activity have an impact on telomere length. Smoking was related to shorter telomere length while vigorous physical activity was related to longer telomeres.Impact: The findings from this study suggest that lifestyle may play an important role in telomere dynamics and also suggest that engaging in healthy behaviors may mitigate the effect of harmful behaviors on telomere length. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(2); 374–80. ©2015 AACR.
The Antitumor Efficacy of IL2/IL21-Cultured Polyfunctional Neu-Specific T Cells Is TNFα/IL17 Dependent
Authors: Phan-Lai Vy , Dang Yushe , Gad Ekram , Childs Jennifer , Disis Mary L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurpose: Infusion of HER2-specific T cells, derived from vaccine-primed patients and expanded with IL2/IL12, has induced tumor regression in a minority of patients with metastatic treatment-refractory HER2+ breast cancer. We questioned whether alteration of cytokine growth factors used to culture vaccine–primed T cells could improve antitumor activity.Experimental Design: Using the TgMMTV-neu murine mammary tumor model, we cultured T cells derived from mice immunized with a previously defined neu class II peptide, p98-114 (neu p98), and evaluated different cytokine combinations for expansion.Results: Infusion of neu p98-specific T-cell lines derived from all cytokine conditions evaluated resulted in significant antitumor activity compared with infused naïve splenocytes (P &lt; 0.05). T cells cultured with IL2/IL21 could uniquely mediate complete regression of spontaneous mammary tumors. IL2/IL21 cultured neu-specific T cells demonstrated a different cytokine secretion pattern as compared with other cultured T cells; secreting high levels of TNFα and IL17 (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cells were significantly increased after the infusion of IL2/IL21 cultured T cells as compared with tumors treated with T cells expanded under other cytokine conditions (P &lt; 0.001). The antitumor effect of the infusion of IL2/IL21 cultured cells was mediated by CD8 T cells. Depletion of TNFα or IL17, but not IFNγ, abrogated the tumor growth inhibition induced by the IL2/IL21 T cells and markedly decreased the influx of CD8 into tumors. Finally, IL2/IL21-cultured human antigen specific T cells also displayed a similar polyfunctional Th1/Th17 phenotype.Conclusions: Expansion of HER2 vaccine–primed T cells with IL2/IL21 may have the potential to effectively mediate tumor regression when used in adoptive transfer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2207–16. ©2015 AACR.
Statistical Challenges in the Design of Late-Stage Cancer Immunotherapy Studies
Authors: Mick Rosemarie , Chen Tai-Tsang 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The past several years have witnessed a revival of interest in cancer immunology and immunotherapy owing to striking immunologic and clinical responses to immune-directed anticancer therapies and leading to the selection of “Cancer Immunotherapy” as the 2013 Breakthrough of the Year by Science. But statistical challenges exist at all phases of clinical development. In phase III trials of immunotherapies, survival curves have been shown to demonstrate delayed clinical effects, as well as long-term survival. These unique survival kinetics could lead to loss of statistical power and prolongation of study duration. Statistical assumptions that form the foundations for conventional statistical inference in the design and analysis of phase III trials, such as exponential survival and proportional hazards, require careful considerations. In this article, we describe how the unique characteristics of patient response to cancer immunotherapies will impact our strategies on statistical design and analysis in late-stage drug development. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(12); 1292–8. ©2015 AACR.
Early time courses of recurrent thromboembolism and bleeding during apixaban or enoxaparin/warfarin therapy
Authors: Gallus Alex S. , Sanders Paul , Thompson John R. , Agnelli Giancarlo , Buller Harry R. , Cohen Alexander T. , Ramacciotti Eduardo , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Raskob Gary E. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryRisks of recurrence and bleeding are highest during the first weeks of anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism (VTE). We therefore examined the early time course of recurrence and major bleeding in a pre-specified sub-analysis of the AMPLIFY trial, a randomised, double-blind, six-month comparison of oral apixaban with conventional therapy (enoxaparin followed by warfarin) in 5,395 patients with symptomatic proximal deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Early events were of particular interest because apixaban was given without initial heparin treatment. The primary efficacy and safety outcomes were the incidences of the adjudicated composite of recurrent symptomatic VTE or death related to VTE, and of adjudicated major bleeding, respectively. This analysis reports on recurrence and bleeding after 7, 21, and 90 days of therapy, in addition to the previously reported end-of-study results. These were the times specified before statistical analysis. Recurrent VTE after 7, 21, and 90 days, and six months had occurred in 18 (0.7%), 29 (1.1%), 46 (1.8%), and 59 patients (2.3%), respectively, given apixaban, and in 23 (0.9%), 35 (1.3%), 58 (2.2%), and 71 patients (2.7%), respectively, given conventional therapy. Major bleeding had occurred during these time intervals in 3 (0.1%), 5 (0.2%), 11 (0.4%), and 15 patients (0.6%), respectively, who received apixaban, and in 16 (0.6%), 26 (1.0%), 38 (1.4%), and 49 patients (1.8%), respectively, given conventional therapy. Efficacy of apixaban was non-inferior at each time point, with no excess of early recurrences. The reduced bleeding risk associated with apixaban began early during the course of treatment.
Association of Serum Lipids and Coronary Heart Disease in Contemporary Observational Studies
Authors: Colantonio Lisandro D. , Bittner Vera , Reynolds Kristi , Levitan Emily B. , Rosenson Robert S. , Banach Maciej , Kent Shia T. , Derose Stephen F. , Zhou Hui , Safford Monika M. , Muntner Paul 
Published: December 2015

Background—
The use of statins increased among US adults with high coronary heart disease (CHD) risk after publication of the 2001 cholesterol treatment guidelines.

Methods and Results—
We analyzed the association between lipids and CHD among 9578 REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study participants and 346 595 Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) members with baseline lipid measurements in 2003 to 2007. We performed the same analyses among 14 590 Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study participants with lipid measurements in 1987 to 1989. Analyses were restricted to blacks and whites 45 to 64 years of age without CHD who were not taking statins at baseline. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured at baseline. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and ratios of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were calculated. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, history of stroke, and antihypertensive medication use increased at higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in ARIC but not in REGARDS or KPSC. Over 8.9 years of follow-up, 225 CHD events occurred in REGARDS, 6547 events in KPSC, and 583 events in ARIC. After multivariable adjustment, less favorable lipid levels were associated with higher hazard ratios for CHD in ARIC. These associations were attenuated in REGARDS and KPSC. For example, the hazard ratio associated with the highest versus lowest quartile of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥146 versus ≤102 mg/dL) was 1.89 (95% confidence interval, 1.42–2.51) in ARIC, 1.25 (95% confidence interval, 0.81–1.92) in REGARDS, and 1.49 (95% confidence interval, 1.38–1.61) in KPSC.

Conclusion—
The association between lipids and CHD in contemporary studies may be attenuated by the preferential use of statins by high-risk individuals.
Review of the genus Cyrtopsis Bey-Bienko with a new species, a new combination and some new descriptions
Authors: WANG HANQIANG , QIN YANYAN , LIU XIANWEI , LI KAI 
Published: December 2015

This work involves a review of the genus Cyrtopsis, including description of 1 new species, Cyrtopsis furcicerca sp. nov., (originally considered as male and female variants of Cyrtopsis t-sigillata by Song et al. 2015) and a new combination, Cyrtopsis bivittata (Mu, He & Wang, 2000) comb. nov., based on males of the latter and Cyrtopsis t-sigillata. The other species of the genus are keyed and reviewed. Allspecimens are deposited in Shanghai Entomological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (SEM, CAS).
A Possible Mechanism of Tornadogenesis Associated with the Interaction between a Supercell and an Outflow Boundary without Horizontal Shear
Authors: Honda Takumi , Kawano Tetsuya 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Using the insert–restart method developed in this study, tornadogenesis processes associated with the interaction between a supercell and an outflow boundary were investigated. A highly idealized outflow boundary promoted surface vortex intensification in a preconditioned supercell having a strong surface vortex. In particular, a tornado-like vortex was observed in an experiment with a moderate outflow boundary. This intensification was associated with the enhancement of the near-surface horizontal convergence by the outflow boundary. The optimal coldness of the outflow boundary was explained by the balance between the enhancement of the near-surface horizontal convergence and the buoyancy reduction by the outflow boundary. Sensitivity experiments demonstrated that, despite a less favorable environment, a storm with a boundary interaction might reach a similar maximum near-surface vorticity as a storm without a boundary in a more favorable environment.