bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Click Chemistry Derived Pyridazines: Electron‐Deficient Building Blocks with Defined Conformation and Packing Structure
Authors: Birkenfelder Irén , Gurke Johannes , Grubert Lutz , Hecht Stefan , Schmidt Bernd M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA series of 3,6‐bis(4‐triazolyl)pyridazines equipped with terminal phenyl substituents with varying degree of fluorination were synthesized by using the facile copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition and their structures were thoroughly investigated in the gas phase, in solution, and in the solid state by employing DFT calculations, NMR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, respectively. On the molecular level, their structure is governed by the strong preference of the triazole‐pyridazine linkages for the anti‐conformation. The supramolecular organization of the molecules in the crystalline solid is controlled by π‐stacking, C−H⋅⋅⋅π as well as C−F⋅⋅⋅H interactions. The latter can conveniently be tuned by the number and position of fluorine substituents in the terminal phenyl units, giving rise to either herringbone‐like, 1D or 2D lamellar packing. Electrochemistry and optical spectroscopy of all compounds suggest that they might find use as electron‐transporting/hole‐blocking materials in organic electronics.
Economic, environmental, and social impacts of different sugarcane production systems
Authors: Cardoso Terezinha F. , Watanabe Marcos D.B. , Souza Alexandre , Chagas Mateus F. , Cavalett Otávio , Morais Edvaldo R. , Nogueira Luiz A.H. , Leal M. Regis L.V. , Braunbeck Oscar A. , Cortez Luis A.B. , Bonomi Antonio 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMechanization in the sugarcane agriculture has increased over the last few years, especially in harvesting and planting operations, in the Brazilian Center‐South region. The consequences of such a technological shift, however, are not fully comprehended when multiple perspectives are considered such as economic aspects, environmental regulations, and social context. The main goal of this study is to generate comprehensive information to subsidize decision‐making processes not only in Brazil but also in other countries where sugarcane production is still under development. Manual and mechanical technologies for planting and harvesting were evaluated (with and without pre‐harvest burning), as well as straw recovery, seeking to identify their advantages and disadvantages, considering economic, environmental, and social aspects. Considering vertically integrated production systems (agricultural and industrial phases), sugarcane production scenarios were compared under the metrics from engineering economics, life cycle assessment (LCA), and social LCA. Manual technologies were related to the highest job creation levels; however, lower internal rates of return and higher ethanol production costs were also observed. In general, mechanized scenarios were associated with lower ethanol production costs and higher internal rates of return due to lower biomass production cost, higher ethanol yield, and higher electricity surplus. Considering the restrictions for sugarcane burning and practical difficulties of manual harvesting of green cane, environmental analysis showed that mechanical harvesting of green cane with straw recovery presents, in general, the best comparative balance of environmental impacts. A multi‐criteria decision analysis was performed to generate an output rank, confirming that mechanized scenarios presented the best sustainability performances. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
WISE program analysis: Evaluating the first 15 months of progress in a novel treatment diversion program for women
Authors: Coffman Kelly L. , Shivale Swati , Egan Glenn , Roberts Victoria , Ash Peter 
Published: October 2017

Like other counties across the nation, Fulton County, GA, has seen a significant increase in the number of arrests of people with serious mental illness. While Fulton County has accountability courts, some defendants with mental illness are not able to take advantage of these options due to their mental illness rendering them incompetent to understand the expectations required by these courts. The WISE (Women's Initiative for Success with Early Intervention) pilot project created a pathway for incompetent women to be diverted out of jail and into mental health treatment that was faster than the traditional evaluation for competency to stand trial pathway. A total of 16 female misdemeanants with non‐violent charges were referred to the program. All women in WISE received intensive case management services. Some women were sent to a psychiatric hospital for involuntary hospitalization, some were released back to the community, and some were sent to a state forensic hospital for competency restoration services. Compared with a similar group of female misdemeanants prior to inception of the pilot project, women in the WISE group spent significantly fewer days in jail (mean of 64.9 days versus 163.46 days). Thus, preliminary findings from the pilot project indicate that referral to the WISE program significantly reduced the burden of excess time in jail associated with having an untreated mental illness.
Women's experiences of the therapeutic value of writing about pregnancy sickness
Authors: Nicholson Michelle 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence of the beneficial effects of writing therapy in relation to a range of disorders. This is the first study to evaluate those effects in the field of pregnancy sickness.AimTo analyse the experiences of women using writing therapy to address issues associated with pregnancy sickness.MethodTen women with an age range of 32–48 years participated in this research study. All had been hospitalised at least once with severe pregnancy sickness symptoms in the form of hyperemesis gravidarum. Participants were invited to write reflectively about their former pregnancy sickness, at home, and then take part in a qualitative, semi‐structured telephone interview of approximately one hour to talk about how they experienced this writing process.FindingsThematic analysis identified several themes relating to the beneficial effects and uses of writing therapy and women's relational need to be heard and supported.DiscussionThis study supports previous findings about the beneficial effects of writing therapy and contributes new knowledge to the field of pregnancy sickness vis‐à‐vis the importance of emotional expression, emotional care and emotional recovery. The findings have important implications for healthcare professional practice.
Rapid postoperative recurrence of a cranial multilobular tumor of bone in a young dog
Authors: Cook Simon , Civello Alexander , Lam Richard , Fenn Joe , Neilson David , Priestnall Simon , Decker Steven De 
Published: October 2017

Key Clinical MessageAlthough resection of multilobular tumors of bone can be associated with a good prognosis and long disease‐free intervals in dogs, osteosarcomatous transformation should be considered a cause for rapid recurrence of clinical signs.
pH‐Responsive Porous Nanocapsules for Controlled Release
Authors: Song Jun , Wei Yanlong , Hu Jiwen , Liu Guojun , Huang Zhengzhu , Lin Shudong , Liu Feng , Mo Yangmiao , Tu Yuanyuan , Ou Ming 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this work pH‐responsive porous nanocapsules have been successfully prepared from a ternary graft copolymer, poly(glycidyl methacrylate)‐g‐[poly(2‐cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate)‐r‐poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether‐r‐poly(2‐diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)] or PGMA‐g‐(PCEMA‐r‐MPEG‐r‐PDEAEMA). The graft copolymers were fabricated by grafting three types of polymer chains onto the backbone polymer by using click chemistry. These ternary copolymers underwent self‐assembly to form vesicles in a DMF/water solvent mixture. While the MPEG chains served as the corona and stabilized the vesicles, the vesicle wall was composed of a dominant PCEMA continuous phase that was interspersed by PDEAEMA domains. After photo‐cross‐linking, the PDEAEMA domains were embedded in the structurally locked PCEMA wall. By decreasing the pH of the external solution, we were able to trigger the release of encapsulated pyrene due to the capsule wall becoming porous as a result of the PDEAEMA chains bearing positively charged amine groups stretching into the water. While these pH‐responsive porous nanocapsules exhibited potential applications in drug delivery, detection and catalysis, the strategy reported in this contribution also represented a new paradigm for the design and preparation of other novel stimuli‐responsive porous nanocapsules.
Mononuclear Alkali Metal Organoperoxides Stabilized by an NNNN‐Macrocycle and Short Hydrogen Bonds from ROOH Molecules
Authors: Osseili Hassan , Truong Khai‐Nghi , Spaniol Thomas P. , Mukherjee Debabrata , Englert Ulli , Okuda Jun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA series of light alkali metal organoperoxides [MOOR] (M=Li, Na, K; R=tBu, CMe2Ph) were isolated in mononuclear form, aided by the tetradentate and neutral NNNN‐type macrocycle Me4TACD (L; Me4[12]aneN4=1,4,7,10‐tetramethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane) and strong hydrogen bonds from additional ROOH molecules. The Na and K compounds are characterized by short O−H⋅⋅⋅O contacts, in the case of the Na derivative as short as 2.41 Å.
Stereoselective Traceless Borylation–Allenation of Propargylic Epoxides: Dual Role of the Copper Catalyst
Authors: Jarava‐Barrera Carlos , Parra Alejandro , Amenós Laura , Arroyo Ana , Tortosa Mariola 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChiral α‐allenols are prepared with high diastereocontrol through an unprecedented and spontaneous β‐oxygen elimination of an α‐epoxy vinyl boronate. Stochiometric experiments and DFT calculations support a dual role of the copper catalyst, which orchestrates the hydroboration and the syn‐elimination step.
Transition dipole coupling modeling of optical activity enhancements in macromolecular protein systems
Authors: Průša Jiří , Bouř Petr 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOptical activity of regular molecular assemblies, such as protein fibrils or nucleic acid condensates, is often significantly stronger than for isolated molecules. Previous modeling suggested that this may be caused by the ordered quasi‐periodic structure and a long‐order synchronization of chromophore excitations. In the present study, we briefly review this phenomenon and investigate some aspects on simple models related to protein vibrational optical activity. The transition dipole coupling (TDC) model is used to generate vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra. While a linear arrangement of chromophores produced relatively simple couplet intensity patterns, a richer band structure was predicted for planar geometries. A stacking of β‐sheet planes has been identified as another powerful source of the enhancement. The results do not completely reproduce experimental observations but are consistent with them and confirm that chiroptical methods may be extremely useful to study aggregation of chiral molecules.
Influence of network ties on inter‐firm network management activities. A comparative study between international new ventures and international mature firms
Authors: Ripollés Maria , Blesa Andreu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article investigates the types of network ties that contribute to the development of inter‐firm network management activities. It also examines whether these activities improve performance in the firms involved in those relationships. Data gathered from Spanish international new ventures and international mature firms show that marketing and technological ties significantly affect inter‐firm network management activities in international new ventures, while reputational ties only have effects in the case of international mature firms. Inter‐firm network management activities have a positive effect on performance in both samples. This paper provides evidence that firms' networks differ from one type of firm to another. Our findings suggest ways managers can influence networks to obtain benefits from inter‐firm network management activities. Copyright © 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pricing framework for almost blank subframe scheme in two‐tier heterogeneous networks
Authors: Li Li , Zhou Zhaorong , Hu Yanjun , Jiang Tao , Wei Menghan 
Published: October 2017

SummaryAs a part of enhanced inter‐cell interference coordination (eICIC), almost blank subframe (ABS) is an efficient technique to mitigate the cross‐tier interference of two‐tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets) and enhance overall network performance. However, in small cells with closed subscriber group (CSG) mode, how to motivate small cell base stations (SBSs) to adopt ABS schemes is still one of technical challenges due to the selfish nature of SBSs. In this paper, we propose a pricing framework with ABS scheme that benefit both the macrocell and small cell tier. Within the proposed framework, each SBS with closed access policy performs ABS scheme by muting a portion of the whole frame in time domain, and then dedicating this interference‐free subframe to macrocell users (MUs) for exclusive use. In return, the macrocell base station (MBS) announces the price for these ABSs and offers a certain amount of revenue to each SBS according to the length of its ABS. Furthermore, we extend the small cell performance analysis to the scenario of hybrid access policy, which allow neighboring MUs to access small cells. To investigate the interaction between two tiers, we formulate the proposed framework as a one‐leader multiple‐follower Stackelberg game, which regards the MBS and SBSs as leader and followers, respectively. On the basis of the theoretical analysis, we prove that a unique Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) exists and obtain the optimal strategies for both tiers. Numerical results evaluate the utility performance of both tiers when SE is achieved and verify the validity of the proposed framework.
Linear precoding based on nonlinear high‐power amplifier in massive MIMO
Authors: Dai Jianxin , Wang Jun , Cheng Chonghu , Huang Zhiliang 
Published: October 2017

SummaryMassive multi‐input multi‐output has the advantages of high energy efficiency and spectrum use, but it also brings some problems because of cheap hardware use, such as high‐power amplifier (HPA) nonlinearity. When the HPA operates in the nonlinear regime, nonlinear distortions, including amplitude and phase distortions, are introduced into the transmitted symbols, which in turn can cause adjacent channel interference and power losses. In this paper, we first study the deficiency of the conventional precoding algorithm when the HPA is nonlinear. Then, this paper proposes the improved precoding algorithms according to the effect of HPA nonlinearity on the signal, in which the adaptive factor is achieved to largely control the amplitude and phase distortions of the nonlinear HPA. Finally, the simulation results are provided and show that the proposed algorithms in this paper based on the relative block of diagonalization precoding and the forced zero precoding can efficiently decrease the bit error rate and increase the throughput, especially in the case of high signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Two visual systems in one eyestalk: The unusual optic lobe metamorphosis in the stomatopod Alima pacifica
Authors: Lin Chan , Cronin Thomas W. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe compound eyes of adult stomatopod crustaceans have two to six ommatidial rows at the equator, called the midband, that are often specialized for color and polarization vision. Beneath the retina, this midband specialization is represented as enlarged optic lobe lamina cartridges and a hernia‐like expansion in the medulla. We studied how the optic lobe transforms from the larvae, which possess typical crustacean larval compound eyes without a specialized midband, through metamorphosis into the adults with the midband in a two midband‐row species Alima pacifica. Using histological staining, immunolabeling, and 3D reconstruction, we show that the last‐stage stomatopod larvae possess double‐retina eyes, in which the developing adult visual system forms adjacent to, but separate from, the larval visual system. Beneath the two retinas, the optic lobe also contains two sets of optic neuropils, comprising of a larval lamina, medulla, and lobula, as well as an adult lamina, medulla, and lobula. The larval eye and all larval optic neuropils degenerate and disappear approximately a week after metamorphosis. In stomatopods, the unique adult visual system and all optic neuropils develop alongside the larval system in the eyestalk of last‐stage larvae, where two visual systems and two independent visual processing pathways coexist. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 3–14, 2018
Patterns of genomic variation in Coho salmon following reintroduction to the interior Columbia River
Authors: Campbell Nathan R. , Kamphaus Cory , Murdoch Keely , Narum Shawn R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCoho salmon were extirpated in the mid‐20th century from the interior reaches of the Columbia River but were reintroduced with relatively abundant source stocks from the lower Columbia River near the Pacific coast. Reintroduction of Coho salmon to the interior Columbia River (Wenatchee River) using lower river stocks placed selective pressures on the new colonizers due to substantial differences with their original habitat such as migration distance and navigation of six additional hydropower dams. We used restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) to genotype 5,392 SNPs in reintroduced Coho salmon in the Wenatchee River over four generations to test for signals of temporal structure and adaptive variation. Temporal genetic structure among the three broodlines of reintroduced fish was evident among the initial return years (2000, 2001, and 2002) and their descendants, which indicated levels of reproductive isolation among broodlines. Signals of adaptive variation were detected from multiple outlier tests and identified candidate genes for further study. This study illustrated that genetic variation and structure of reintroduced populations are likely to reflect source stocks for multiple generations but may shift over time once established in nature.
A railway increases the abundance and accelerates the phenology of bear‐attracting plants in a forested, mountain park
Authors: Pollock Sonya Z. , Nielsen Scott E. , St. Clair Colleen C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVegetation enhancement along railways has not been well studied, despite high rates of mortality from train strikes across numerous species, including sensitive populations in protected areas. This situation describes grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the mountain parks of Canada, where train strikes have become the leading source of known mortality. We hypothesized that attraction by bears to railways occurs partly because of increases in the richness, diversity, cover, and maturation rate of plants consumed by bears relative to adjacent forest and that this effect may increase with elevation. We quantified and compared responses in plants used by bears to the railway (ballast), forest edge, and within adjacent forest for two growing seasons (May–October) at 19 locations spanning an elevational gradient in Banff and Yoho National Parks in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Overall, richness, diversity, and total cover of plants consumed by bears were greatest at the forest edge. On the forest edge or ballast, flowering rates of some species were over three times higher and fruit occurrence was up to five times higher than 50 m into the adjacent forest. Enhancement of berry productivity along rail edges increased with elevation. Buffaloberry (Shepherdia canadensis), an important regional pre‐hibernation resource, had more fruit, faster ripening, and higher sugar content for shrubs located within 15 m of the rail than within surrounding interior forest. Our results demonstrate that railway edges can increase the quantity and quality of palatable vegetation resources of both native and introduced species, potentially increasing strike risk for bears and other wildlife. Potential mitigation of this risk could include removal of attractants along the rail, particularly at locations where other factors increase the risk of collisions, and creation of forest openings, either through natural processes or through forest modification that would provide forage in less risky habitats.
Between invaders and a risky place: Exotic grasses alter demographic tradeoffs of native forb germination timing
Authors: Thomson Diane M. , King Rachel A. , Schultz Emily L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPriority effects are hypothesized to play an important role in community assembly and may promote suppression of native by exotic species. Work in a range of grassland systems has proved valuable for testing these effects, demonstrating that earlier germination by some exotic annual grasses contributes to their competitive dominance over natives. Yet few studies have measured native forb germination phenology under field conditions, and the demographic consequences of emergence timing for competitive interactions and native fitness are not well understood. We focused on three native annual species in a southern California grassland dominated by exotic Bromus spp. over three years, measuring (1) seedling emergence rates, for both early (October) and later (November and December) germinators; (2) effects of exotic grasses on native survival and reproduction, through a grass removal experiment; and (3) interactions between emergence timing and grass competitive effects on native mortality, survival, and flowering. We quantified tradeoffs of emergence timing, by estimating mortality experienced by early germinants until the late cohort emerged (early survival), and then for both cohorts from the time of late emergence to flowering (spring survival). The two most common focal natives, Amsinckia intermedia and Phacelia distans, varied substantially in germination phenology but primarily emerged early. The less abundant Clarkia purpurea germinated late. Late emergence reduced spring survival in control plots but not those where exotic grasses were reduced experimentally, supporting the importance of priority effects and benefits of early germination in competition with grasses. However, early emergence entailed a high cost of initial mortality risk in some years. We found no effect of emergence timing on size at flowering. Estimates of net survivorship to flowering suggest that late emergence consistently was associated with the highest survival when exotic grasses were reduced experimentally. Early emergence was more favored in control than in exotic grass reduction plots, but the survival tradeoffs differed substantially between years. These results suggest that priority effects contribute to suppression of native forbs, but may not consistently promote higher fitness for earlier germinators. Instead, exotic invasion may increase yearly variation in the fitness consequences of native germination phenology, with potential implications for bet hedging strategies.