bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting formal, non-formal and informal learning when using business games in leadership education
Authors: Børgesen Kenneth , Nielsen Rikke Kirstine , Henriksen Thomas Duus 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to address the necessity of allowing non-formal and informal processes to unfold when using business games for leadership development. While games and simulations have long been used in management training and leadership development, emphasis has been placed on the formal parts of the process and especially on the gaming experience.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on a qualitative study of a French management game on change management, in which the game-based learning process is examined in light of adult learning.

Findings
This paper concludes that less formal dialogues that stem from formal activities make important contributions to the learning process. Consequently, the use of business games in leadership development should be didactically designed to facilitate such dialogues. While playing the game takes center stage, activities such as theory presentations, reflective processes, and less formal discussions must be allowed a place in an otherwise crammed learning process and to take up that space at the cost of playing the game.

Research limitations/implications
As the study is based on a qualitative assessment, the impact of the different parts of the process is not assessed.

Practical implications
This paper suggests that the use of business games in leadership development should focus more on the processes and activities surrounding the game rather than narrowly focusing on the game.

Originality/value
This paper suggests a novel approach to using business games that is not aligned with the current practice of emphasizing the game as the focal point of the process.
The Mandela Portal – an assessment of global visitors using Web analytics
Authors: Katuu Shadrack 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to perform a longitudinal assessment of the visitors to the Mandela Portal using Web analytics over a period of seven years, between 2009 and 2015.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on Web analytics methodology that consists of a four-step process and utilises the first and second steps with data collected using Google Analytics.FindingsThe research process found a number of trends relating to the Portal’s visitors, including changes in the ranking of countries from which the visitors accessed the website as well as the variety of language settings in the Web browsers. It identified some issues both with the Google Analytics tool and broader implications on the trustworthiness of data.Originality/valueThis paper provides an analysis of Web visitors to the Mandela Portal, offering trends that are only possible when viewed over a long period. It also explores issues of data trustworthiness.
Implementing the open-source Koha-ILS at the Deutsche Schule Charlotte
Authors: House Martin D. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This study aims to present the successful implementation of the Koha-integrated library system (ILS) for libraries that seek an open-source alternative. This study is best suited for small libraries with limited collections and limited funding. The selection process between Koha and Evergreen is described, as is cataloging, patron setup and library workflow changes. Finally, lessons learned are presented.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a case study which describes the events as they occurred between 2013 and 2014.

Findings
The Koha-ILS appears to be the open-source system with the most online support, easiest to install and manage. Although the experience of libraries may vary, the Deutsche Schule Charlotte library took the pragmatic approach. Koha was chosen because it could be successfully installed, had an intuitive and web-based interface and could be easily explained to volunteers.

Research limitations/implications
This is a single case study at a very small library.

Practical implications
This study broadly demonstrates the requirements for implementing the Koha-ILS and how it can be accomplished even with library volunteers.

Social implications
The Koha-ILS can be a good alternative, despite limitations, for small libraries who need a robust ILS system with few bells and whistles.

Originality/value
This study presents a finite view of the implementation and use of the Koha-ILS. The physical setting, availability of capable volunteers and administration’s willingness to experiment with a system may not be reproducible in other locales.
Governance and climate variability in Chinchiná River, Colombia
Authors: Acevedo Erika Cristina , Turbay Sandra , Hurlbert Margot , Barco Martha Helena , Lopez Kelly Johanna 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to assess whether governance processes that are taking place in the Chinchiná River basin, a coffee culture region in the Andean region of Colombia, are adaptive to climate variability and climate extremes.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed research method was used by reviewing secondary research sources surrounding the institutional governance system of water governance and disaster response and semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with producers and members of organizations within the institutional governance system.

Findings
This study found that there is a low response to extreme events. Hopefully, the growing national awareness and activity in relation to climate change and disaster will improve response and be downscaled into these communities in the future. Although, some learning has occurred at the national government level and by agricultural producers who are adapting practices, to date no government institution has facilitated social learning taking into account conflict, power and tactics of domination.

Originality/value
This paper improves the understanding of the vulnerability of rural agricultural communities to shifts in climate variability. It also points out the importance of governance institutions in enhancing agricultural producer adaptive capacity.
Patterns in hammertone paints
Authors: Erkmen Jülide 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine required paint and silicone proportions, their mixing rate and duration to eliminate the pattern problems caused by the misuse of silicone polymers in hammertone paints. Results of the findings aim at preventing raw material, manufacturing time and labour losses in hammertone paint production.

Design/methodology/approach
A paint formulation produced commercially was used. The effects of silicone proportion and mixing rate and paint and pigment density on the pattern formation within the paints, to which the spray painting method was applied, were investigated. Brightness controls of the produced paints were done, and the effect of the additive polymer on brightness was investigated. Photographs of paints for each practice were taken.

Findings
The most suitable silicone proportion and mixing conditions for the silver grey paints, in which Al non-leafing pigments were used, were calculated as 0.034-0.036 g/kg-paint and 15 s at 200 rpm, respectively. It was observed that the increase in pigment density increased required silicone proportion for the desired pattern. It was determined that mixing rate and duration were very significant in pattern formation, and that silicone decomposed and the pattern was disrupted in long-continued mixings. In addition, excess silicone use disrupted the pattern and decreased the paint brightness.

Research limitations/implications
This research was conducted for hammertone paints, which are industrial and self-patterned aluminium silvered decorative paints. The results can be used for hammertone paint production.

Practical implications
The results will enable manufacturers to produce hammertone paints more economically. Results can be used in the paint industry to produce such paint.

Originality/value
It is crucial to produce high-quality products using less raw materials in today’s industry, where the amount of raw materials is decreasing, and economical and reliable production is becoming increasingly important. When environmental impacts in the solvent-based paint industry are taken into consideration, paint production in shorter times is important for both workers’ and environmental health. As a result of this study, hammertone paints will be produced more economically by appropriate production conditions yet without any energy, raw material and time loss.
Determinants of ICT outsourcing among the locally-owned manufacturers in Malaysia
Authors: Yap Ching Seng , Lim Yet Mee , Jalaludin Farah Waheeda , Lee Teck Heang 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the level of information and communication technology (ICT) outsourcing and its determinants in the Malaysian locally owned manufacturing firms. Drawing on the transaction cost theory and the resource-based theory, four determinants – asset specificity, uncertainty, business skills and technical skills – were hypothesized to influence ICT outsourcing.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected using a questionnaire survey from 104 manufacturing firms listed on the Directory of Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers. Data were then analyzed using R package partial least squares path modeling.

Findings
The study reveals that slightly over two-thirds (68 per cent) of the surveyed manufacturers either fully or partially outsourced their ICT services. Asset specificity and uncertainty are found to be positively related to the level of ICT outsourcing, which contradict the prediction of the transaction cost theory. On the other hand, business skills and technical skills are not significantly related to the level of ICT outsourcing, which also conflict the resource-based arguments.

Research limitations/implications
The small sample size would not be able to make meaningful conclusion for the population; the small R2 value indicates that other important determinants of ICT outsourcing were not tested in this study, and the transaction cost theory and the resource-based theory do not adequately predict the level of ICT outsourcing in the Malaysian locally owned manufacturers.

Originality/value
The study serves as one of the first studies that tested the determinants of ICT outsourcing using the transaction cost theory and the resource-based theory in locally owned manufacturing firms of a developing country.
Analyzing and Interpreting Lime Burials from the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939): A Case Study from La Carcavilla Cemetery
Authors: Schotsmans Eline M. J. , García‐Rubio Almudena , Edwards Howell G. M. , Munshi Tasnim , Wilson Andrew S. , Ríos Luis 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOver 500 victims of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) were buried in the cemetery of La Carcavilla (Palencia, Spain). White material, observed in several burials, was analyzed with Raman spectroscopy and powder XRD, and confirmed to be lime. Archaeological findings at La Carcavilla's cemetery show that the application of lime was used in an organized way, mostly associated with coffinless interments of victims of Francoist repression. In burials with a lime cast, observations made it possible to draw conclusions regarding the presence of soft tissue at the moment of deposition, the sequence of events, and the presence of clothing and other evidence. This study illustrates the importance of analyzing a burial within the depositional environment and taphonomic context.
An Assessment of How Facial Mimicry Can Change Facial Morphology: Implications for Identification
Authors: Gibelli Daniele , De Angelis Danilo , Poppa Pasquale , Sforza Chiarella , Cattaneo Cristina 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe assessment of facial mimicry is important in forensic anthropology; in addition, the application of modern 3D image acquisition systems may help for the analysis of facial surfaces. This study aimed at exposing a novel method for comparing 3D profiles in different facial expressions. Ten male adults, aged between 30 and 40 years, underwent acquisitions by stereophotogrammetry (VECTRA‐3D®) with different expressions (neutral, happy, sad, angry, surprised). The acquisition of each individual was then superimposed on the neutral one according to nine landmarks, and the root mean square (RMS) value between the two expressions was calculated. The highest difference in comparison with the neutral standard was shown by the happy expression (RMS 4.11 mm), followed by the surprised (RMS 2.74 mm), sad (RMS 1.3 mm), and angry ones (RMS 1.21 mm). This pilot study shows that the 3D–3D superimposition may provide reliable results concerning facial alteration due to mimicry.
Photo‐Realistic Statistical Skull Morphotypes: New Exemplars for Ancestry and Sex Estimation in Forensic Anthropology
Authors: Caple Jodi , Stephan Carl N. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGraphic exemplars of cranial sex and ancestry are essential to forensic anthropology for standardizing casework, training analysts, and communicating group trends. To date, graphic exemplars have comprised hand‐drawn sketches, or photographs of individual specimens, which risks bias/subjectivity. Here, we performed quantitative analysis of photographic data to generate new photo‐realistic and objective exemplars of skull form. Standardized anterior and left lateral photographs of skulls for each sex were analyzed in the computer graphics program Psychomorph for the following groups: South African Blacks, South African Whites, American Blacks, American Whites, and Japanese. The average cranial form was calculated for each photographic view, before the color information for every individual was warped to the average form and combined to produce statistical averages. These mathematically derived exemplars—and their statistical exaggerations or extremes—retain the high‐resolution detail of the original photographic dataset, making them the ideal casework and training reference standards.
The Effectiveness of Trace DNA Profiling—A Comparison Between a U.S. and a U.K. Law Enforcement Jurisdiction
Authors: Bond John W. , Weart Jocelyn R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecovery, profiling, and speculative searching of trace DNA (not attributable to a body fluid/cell type) over a twelve‐month period in a U.S. Crime Laboratory and U.K. police force are compared. Results show greater numbers of U.S. firearm‐related items submitted for analysis compared with the U.K., where greatest numbers were submitted from burglary or vehicle offenses. U.S. multiple recovery techniques (double swabbing) occurred mainly during laboratory examination, whereas the majority of U.K. multiple recovery techniques occurred at the scene. No statistical difference was observed for useful profiles from single or multiple recovery. Database loading of interpretable profiles was most successful for U.K. items related to burglary or vehicle offenses. Database associations (matches) represented 7.0% of all U.S. items and 13.1% of all U.K. items. The U.K. strategy for burglary and vehicle examination demonstrated that careful selection of both items and sampling techniques is crucial to obtaining the observed results.
Effect of off‐farm income on smallholder commercialization: panel evidence from rural households in Ethiopia
Authors: Woldeyohanes Tesfaye , Heckelei Thomas , Surry Yves 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article investigates how off‐farm income affects crop output market participation decisions and marketed surplus of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. A double‐hurdle model is estimated using three waves of panel data from the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey. Unobserved heterogeneity is controlled for using a correlated random effect procedure and potential endogeneity of explanatory variables using a control function approach. The results show that off‐farm income has no significant influence on household crop output market participation. However, conditional on market participation, additional off‐farm earnings negatively affect the marketed surplus. This indicates that farmers use off‐farm earnings for consumption rather than for investment in agricultural production. Policy measures that promote rural investment may help increase returns to labor for land‐poor households participating in off‐farm work in the process of agricultural commercialization.
Mini C‐arm: faster, cheaper, safer?
Authors: Gieroba Tom J. , Williams Nicole , Antoniou Georgia , Cundy Peter J. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundMini C‐arm image intensifiers (IIs) are promoted to permit lower radiation dose than traditional IIs with a lower purchase price and without the need for a radiographer, saving time. In real‐world usage, radiation dose is not always lower.MethodsA retrospective review of prospectively collected data for 620 children undergoing forearm fracture reduction in theatre was undertaken. Imaging was performed with the Fluoroscan mini C‐arm or a comparison traditional II. Radiation dose and theatre time were recorded.ResultsThere was no significant difference in radiation dose as measured by dose‐area product (0.013 versus 0.014 Gy.cm2, P = 0.22). We noted an inverse association between operator experience and radiation dose. The mini C‐arm allowed a shorter procedure time (26 versus 30 min, P < 0.001) and theatre time (13 versus 16 min, P < 0.001). Re‐displacement rates were similar (1.3 versus 2.2%). The Fluoroscan is AU$120 000 cheaper to purchase and AU$35 283 cheaper to run per year than the comparison II. Consultants had a 14% lower dose‐area product (0.012 versus 0.014 Gy.cm2, P < 0.001) and 18% shorter screening time (8 versus 9.8 s, P < 0.001) than registrars.ConclusionThe Fluoroscan mini C‐arm II does not demonstrate a radiation saving during closed reductions of paediatric forearm fractures but allows shorter procedures and theatre time with similar re‐displacement rates. The purchase price is lower than a traditional II. We noted that operator experience reduces radiation dose.
Pre‐service teachers’ intention to adopt mobile learning: A motivational model
Authors: Baydas Ozlem , Yilmaz Rabia M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study proposes a model for determining preservice teachers’ intentions to adopt mobile learning from a motivational perspective. Data were collected from 276 preservice teachers and analyzed by structural equation modeling. A model capable of explaining 87% of the variance in preservice teachers’ intention to adopt mobile learning was developed. According to this model, preservice teachers’ attitudes and cognitive needs have an influence on their behavioral intention while their affective and social needs do not. Their social needs are influenced by their affective and cognitive needs. In addition, affective needs have an influence on their cognitive needs. Therefore, focusing on mobile learning's practices and their roles in preservice teacher training are important to develop effective ICT course contents.
Teaching and learning logic programming in virtual worlds using interactive microworld representations
Authors: Vosinakis Spyros , Anastassakis George , Koutsabasis Panayiotis 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLogic Programming (LP) follows the declarative programming paradigm, which novice students often find hard to grasp. The limited availability of visual teaching aids for LP can lead to low motivation for learning. In this paper, we present a platform for teaching and learning Prolog in Virtual Worlds, which enables the visual interpretation and verification of program results in a straightforward fashion and requires students to adopt a collaborative problem‐solving approach. The results of the pilot application and student‐centered evaluation of the platform are encouraging regarding group learning performance and user experience. The paper contributes to current practice of teaching and learning LP by proposing a metaphor and a system that can empower the educational process with toy world examples visualized in a shared 3D environment.
Biphasic effects of propranolol on tumour growth in B16F10 melanoma‐bearing mice
Authors: Maccari Sonia , Buoncervello Maria , Rampin Andrea , Spada Massimo , Macchia Daniele , Giordani Luciana , Stati Tonino , Bearzi Claudia , Catalano Liviana , Rizzi Roberto , Gabriele Lucia , Marano Giuseppe 
Published: December 2016

Background and PurposePropranolol is a vasoactive drug that shows antiangiogenic and antitumour activities in melanoma. However, it is unknown whether these activities are dose‐dependent and whether there is a relationship between systemic vascular effects of propranolol and anti‐melanoma activity.Experimental ApproachEffects of increasing doses of propranolol (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg·kg−1·day−1) on tumour growth were studied in B16F10 melanoma‐bearing mice. Histological and biochemical analyses were used to assess propranolol effects on angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was evaluated by measuring cardiac output and arterial BP.Key ResultsIn vitro analyses revealed that B16F10 cells expressed β‐adrenoceptors, but neither isoprenaline, a β‐adrenoceptor agonist, nor the β‐blocker propranolol affected cancer cell proliferation. In vivo studies showed that the antitumour efficacy of propranolol follows a U‐shaped biphasic dose–response curve. Low doses (10 and 20 mg·kg−1·day−1) significantly inhibit tumour growth, whereas higher doses are progressively less effective. We also found that high‐dose propranolol stimulates tumour arteriogenesis whereas no effect on angiogenesis was observed at any dose. Based on these data and considering that propranolol is a vasoactive drug, we hypothesized that it causes systemic vasoconstriction or vasodilation depending on the dose and thus alters tumour perfusion and growth. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that propranolol has a biphasic effect on SVR with low and high doses producing vasoconstriction and vasodilation respectively.Conclusions and ImplicationsPropranolol inhibits melanoma growth in a U‐shaped biphasic manner. A direct relationship exists between SVR and anti‐melanoma activity.
Shifts in outcrossing rates and changes to floral traits are associated with the evolution of herbicide resistance in the common morning glory
Authors: Kuester Adam , Fall Eva , Chang Shu‐Mei , Baucom Regina S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHuman‐mediated selection can strongly influence the evolutionary response of natural organisms within ecological timescales. But what traits allow for, or even facilitate, adaptation to the strong selection humans impose on natural systems? Using a combination of laboratory and greenhouse studies of 32 natural populations of the common agricultural weed, Ipomoea purpurea, we show that herbicide‐resistant populations self‐fertilise more than susceptible populations. We likewise show that anther–stigma distance, a floral trait associated with self‐fertilisation in this species, exhibits a nonlinear relationship with resistance such that the most and least resistant populations exhibit lower anther–stigma separation compared to populations with moderate levels of resistance. Overall, our results extend the general finding that plant mating can be impacted by human‐mediated agents of selection to that of the extreme selection of the agricultural system. This work highlights the influence of human‐mediated selection on rapid responses of natural populations that can lead to unexpected long‐term evolutionary consequences.