bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rediscovering the Potential of Indigenous Storytelling for Conservation Practice
Authors: Fernández‐Llamazares Álvaro , Cabeza Mar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeveral intergovernmental policy instruments, including the World Heritage Convention of UNESCO and the Convention on Biological Diversity, have proposed to develop integrated strategies to build bridges between biological and cultural diversity agendas. We contend that to succeed in this endeavor, it is crucial to link biocultural revitalization to conservation practice. Our hope with this review is to call attention to indigenous storytelling as an option worth adding to the repertoire of conservation practitioners who aim to: (1) link conservation actions to indigenous worldviews; (2) foster connections between indigenous peoples and their landscapes; (3) facilitate intergenerational transfer of indigenous knowledge; (4) support dialogue over conservation; and (5) promote local participation in conservation. Because indigenous stories are full of resonance, memory, and wisdom—in a footing that is structurally free of power imbalance between conservation practitioners and local communities—, we contend that they can be crucial to guide future efforts in biocultural conservation practice. Our review shows that deeper consideration and promotion of indigenous storytelling can lead to enhanced understanding of diverse values and perceptions around biodiversity, while offering a constructive approach for greater inclusion of indigenous peoples in conservation pursuits.
Association between lung function, physical activity level and postural evaluation variables in adult patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Cherobin Inaê Angélica , Dalcin Paulo de Tarso Roth , Ziegler Bruna 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionWith the evolution of the cystic fibrosis (CF) disease, the decline of lung function associated with metabolic disorders and malnutrition, causes alterations in respiratory mechanics, musculoskeletal disorders and thoracic deformities, bringing injury to the individual's quality of life.ObjectiveTo verify the association between lung function, physical activity level and postural evaluation variables in adults with CF. Methods: All patients underwent clinical evaluation and spirometry. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and an accelerometer were used to verify the physical activity level (PA). Photogrammetry was used with the aid of the Software of postural evaluation (SAPO) and, for complementary comparisons, the 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) was used.ResultsTwenty‐eight adult subjects with CF, mean age of 25.1 ± 6.3 years and mean expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) of 47.1 ± 20.9% of the predicted group participated in the study. The FEV1 correlated with the parameters obtained by the accelerometer (r = 0.723, P = .000), postural evaluation (r = −0.483, P = .005) and 6MWT (r = 0.439, P = .019), but there was no correlation with the data obtained by IPAQ (r = −0.282; P = .073). The time in which each individual remained in moderate to vigorous physical activity correlated with parameters of postural evaluation (thoracic kyphosis r = −0.484, P = .031, cervical lordosis r = 0.531, P = .016), 6MWT (r = 0.564; P = .010) and with the total METS obtained by IPAQ (r = 0.451, P = .046).ConclusionsLung function in patients with CF disease is associated with higher thoracic kyphosis, shorter time in moderate and vigorous PA, and shorter distance covered in 6MWT. The accelerometer has been shown to be the best instrument for assessing PA in this public.
EMPIRE Registry, Czech Part: Impact of demographics, pulmonary function and HRCT on survival and clinical course in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Doubková Martina , Švancara Jan , Svoboda Michal , Šterclová Martina , Bartoš Vladimír , Plačková Martina , Lacina Ladislav , Žurková Monika , Binková Ilona , Bittenglová Radka , Lošťáková Vladimíra , Merta Zdeněk , Šišková Lenka , Tyl Richard , Lisá Pavlína , Šuldová Hana , Petřík František , Pšikalová Jana , Řihák Vladimír , Snížek Tomáš , Reiterer Pavel , Homolka Jiří , Musilová Pavlína , Lněnička Jaroslav , Palúch Peter , Hrdina Roman , Králová Renata , Hortvíková Hana , Strenková Jana , Vašáková Martina 
Published: September 2017

SummaryIntroductionPrognostic factors of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) currently recognized include changes in vital capacity and radiologic findings. However, most of the prognostic studies in IPF are based on clinical studies with preselected IPF populations. Therefore, we decided to analyze the factors influencing IPF prognosis based on the real‐practice data from our IPF registry.MethodsData of 514 subjects consecutively entered since 2012 into Czech EMPIRE IPF registry were analyzed.ResultsMedian age of our patient cohort was 67 years (50–82). Median overall survival (OS) of the cohort was 63.1 months. The clinical course of IPF according to FVC (forced vital capacity) changes was stabilized in 32.8% of patients (29.7% according to DLCO [diffuse lung capacity] changes), slowly progressive in 39.5% (45%), rapidly progressive in 23.5% (20.7%); and 1.7% patients had at least one acute exacerbation during follow‐up. Deterioration in FVC of ≥10% at month 12 and in DLCO of ≥15% at months 12, 18, and 24 influenced the OS significantly. The fast progressors defined by the DLCO decline rate had higher risk of death compared to those defined by the FVC change over time. In multivariate analysis, age ≥70 years, interstitial HRCT scores ≥3, and change in DLCO of ≥15% at month 12 were confirmed as factors negatively influencing OS.ConclusionsDLCO changes over time were shown as a better predictor of mortality compared with FVC changes in our study. In our opinion it is necessary to implement the DLCO analysis into clinical trials and routine practice.
Biogeography of plant‐associated fungal symbionts in mountain ecosystems: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kivlin Stephanie N. , Lynn Joshua S. , Kazenel Melanie R. , Beals Kendall K. , Rudgers Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimPredicting the potential for climate change to disrupt host–microbe symbioses requires basic knowledge of the biogeography of these consortia. In plants, fungal symbionts can ameliorate the abiotic stressors that accompany climate warming and thus could influence plants under a changing climate. Forecasting future plant–microbe interactions first requires knowledge of current fungal symbiont distributions, which are poorly resolved relative to the distributions of plants.LocationWe used meta‐analysis to summarize the biogeographic distributions of plant‐fungal symbionts in mountain ecosystems worldwide, because these ecosystems are likely to be among the first to experience climate change‐induced range shifts.MethodsWe analysed 374 records from 53 publications to identify general trends, pinpoint areas in need of greater study and develop reporting guidelines to facilitate future syntheses.ResultsElevational patterns varied strongly among fungal and plant functional groups. Fungal diversity and abundance increased with altitude for the ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and localized foliar endophytes declined in either abundance or diversity with altitude. In shrubs, fungal abundance increased with elevation, but in C3 grasses, fungal abundance declined with elevation. Altitudinal patterns in fungal composition were stronger than gradients in fungal abundance or diversity, suggesting that species turnover contributes more to elevational gradients in fungal symbionts than does variation in abundance or richness. Plant functional groups were overrepresented by C3 grasses and trees, with surprisingly few data on sedges or shrubs, despite their ecological dominance in mountain ecosystems. Similarly, epichloae, ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and root endophytes were understudied relative to other fungal groups.Main ConclusionsMeta‐analysis revealed broad biogeographic patterns in plant‐fungal symbiont abundance, diversity and composition that inform predictions of future distributions.
Testing the effects of a century of fires: Requirements for post‐fire succession predict the distribution of threatened bird species
Authors: Connell Jemima , Watson Simon J. , Taylor Rick S. , Avitabile Sarah C. , Clarke Rohan H. , Bennett Andrew F. , Clarke Michael F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimManaging fire is critical for the conservation of biodiversity in many ecosystems globally. To manage fire effectively, it is necessary to identify the temporal and spatial scales at which it affects a diverse range of species. This information is challenging to obtain for rare and threatened species for which data often are sparse, and in systems with long fire‐return intervals (e.g. >100 years). We tested the effects of a century of fires on the distribution of 12 threatened bird species across a 100,000 km2 region in which “long‐unburnt” vegetation has been identified as important for the diversity of common species.LocationSemi‐arid mallee woodlands of south‐eastern Australia.MethodsWe developed spatially explicit models to identify the effects of fire history and climatic factors on the distribution of 12 threatened bird species, including two globally endangered species, the Mallee Emu‐wren (Stipiturus mallee) and Black‐eared Miner (Manorina melanotis).ResultsFire was a driver of distribution for all species. Four species were common in younger vegetation (<20 years post‐fire) and 11 were most common in mid (20–60 years post‐fire) to older (>60 years post‐fire) vegetation. Species’ distributions were further restricted to areas associated with particular vegetation types and climatic conditions.Main conclusionsComprehensive investigation of the response to fire by a range of threatened species highlights the importance of what is now recognized as mid‐successional mallee vegetation (20–60 years post‐fire), and that species’ preferences for previously identified “long‐unburnt” vegetation extend to ≥60 years post‐fire. Fire management conducted with incomplete knowledge, or which is focussed on introducing prescribed burns or suppressing fires for early/late‐successional species alone, is unlikely to maximize biodiversity. Effective fire management for biodiversity requires the promotion of ecological processes that result in key successional stages at particular locations in the landscape.
Better glycaemic control and less hypoglycaemia with insulin glargine 300 U/mL vs glargine 100 U/mL: 1‐year patient‐level meta‐analysis of the EDITION clinical studies in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ritzel Robert , Roussel Ronan , Giaccari Andrea , Vora Jiten , Brulle‐Wohlhueter Claire , Yki‐Järvinen Hannele 
Published: September 2017

AimsTo investigate the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla‐300) vs insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla‐100) over 12 months in a patient‐level meta‐analysis, using data from the EDITION studies in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods
EDITION 1, 2 and 3 were multicentre, randomized, open‐label, 2‐arm, parallel‐group, treat‐to‐target phase IIIa studies. Similar study designs and endpoints enabled a meta‐analysis to be conducted.ResultsReductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were better sustained over 12 months with Gla‐300 than with Gla‐100 (least squares [LS] mean difference in change from baseline: −0.10 % [95% confidence interval {CI} −0.18 to −0.02] or −1.09 mmol/mol [95% CI −2.01 to −0.20]; P = .0174). Risk of confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/L) or severe hypoglycaemia was 15% lower with Gla‐300 vs Gla‐100 at night (relative risk 0.85 [95% CI 0.77–0.92]) and 6% lower at any time of day (relative risk 0.94 [95% CI 0.90–0.98]). Rates of hypoglycaemia were 18% lower with Gla‐300 vs Gla‐100 at night (rate ratio 0.82 [95% CI 0.67–0.99]), but comparable at any time of day. HbA1c <7.0 % without nocturnal hypoglycaemia was achieved by 24% more participants with Gla‐300 than with Gla‐100 (relative risk 1.24 [95% CI 1.03–1.50]). Severe hypoglycaemia was rare; in both treatment groups the incidence of events at any time of day was ≤3.6%, while rates were ≤0.08 events per participant‐year.ConclusionsIn a broad population of people with T2DM over 12 months, use of Gla‐300 provided more sustained glycaemic control and significantly lower hypoglycaemia risk at night and at any time of day compared with Gla‐100.
Initiating therapy in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: Combination therapy vs a stepwise approach
Authors: Cersosimo Eugenio , Johnson Eric L. , Chovanes Christina , Skolnik Neil 
Published: September 2017

There is clear evidence that achieving glycaemic targets reduces the risk of developing complications as a result of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Many patients, however, continue to have suboptimal glycaemic control because of issues that include unclear advice on how to achieve these targets as well as clinical inertia. The two management approaches recommended for patients newly diagnosed with T2D are stepwise and combination therapy, each of which has advantages and disadvantages.Stepwise therapy may result in good patient adherence and allow greater individualization of therapy, and minimization of side effects and cost, and so may be appropriate for patients who are closer to goal. Stepwise therapy, however, may also lead to frequent delays in achieving glycaemic goals and longer exposure to hyperglycaemia. Combination therapy, which is now emerging as an important therapy option, has a number of potential advantages over stepwise therapy, including reduction in clinical inertia and earlier and more frequent achievement of glycated haemoglobin goals by targeting multiple pathogenic mechanisms simultaneously, which may more effectively delay disease progression. Compared with stepwise therapy, the disadvantages of combination therapy include reduced patient adherence resulting from complex, multi‐drug regimens, difficulty determining the cause of poor efficacy and/or side effects, patient refusal to accept disease, and higher cost. Fixed‐dose and fixed‐ratio combinations are novel therapeutic approaches which may help address several issues of treatment complexity and patient burden associated with combination therapy comprising individual drugs. The choice of which drugs to administer and the decision to use stepwise vs combination therapy, however, should always be made on an individualized basis.
Diagnosis checking of statistical analysis in RCTs indexed in PubMed
Authors: Lee Paul H. , Tse Andy C. Y. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundStatistical analysis is essential for reporting of the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), as well as evaluating their effectiveness. However, the validity of a statistical analysis also depends on whether the assumptions of that analysis are valid.ObjectiveTo review all RCTs published in journals indexed in PubMed during December 2014 to provide a complete picture of how RCTs handle assumptions of statistical analysis.MethodsWe reviewed all RCTs published in December 2014 that appeared in journals indexed in PubMed using the Cochrane highly sensitive search strategy. The 2014 impact factors of the journals were used as proxies for their quality. The type of statistical analysis used and whether the assumptions of the analysis were tested were reviewed.ResultsIn total, 451 papers were included. Of the 278 papers that reported a crude analysis for the primary outcomes, 31 (27·2%) reported whether the outcome was normally distributed. Of the 172 papers that reported an adjusted analysis for the primary outcomes, diagnosis checking was rarely conducted, with only 20%, 8·6% and 7% checked for generalized linear model, Cox proportional hazard model and multilevel model, respectively. Study characteristics (study type, drug trial, funding sources, journal type and endorsement of CONSORT guidelines) were not associated with the reporting of diagnosis checking.ConclusionThe diagnosis of statistical analyses in RCTs published in PubMed‐indexed journals was usually absent. Journals should provide guidelines about the reporting of a diagnosis of assumptions.
Role of population genetics in guiding ecological responses to climate
Authors: Rehfeldt Gerald E. , Leites Laura P. , Joyce Dennis G. , Weiskittel Aaron R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPopulation responses to climate were assessed using 3–7 years height growth data gathered for 266 populations growing in 12 common gardens established in the 1980s as part of five disparate studies ofPinus contortavar.latifolia. Responses are interpreted according to three concepts: the ecological optimum, the climate where a population is competitively exclusive and in which, therefore, it occurs naturally; the physiological optimum, the climate where a population grows best but is most often competitively excluded; and growth potential, the innate capacity for growth at the physiological optimum. Statistical analyses identified winter cold, measured by the square root of negative degree‐days calculated from the daily minimum temperature (MINDD01/2), as the climatic effect most closely related to population growth potential; the colder the winter inhabited by a population, the lower its growth potential, a relationship presumably molded by natural selection. By splitting the data into groups based on populationMINDD01/2and using a function suited to skewed normal distributions, regressions were developed for predicting growth from the distance in climate space (MINDD01/2) populations had been transferred from their native location to a planting site. The regressions were skewed, showing that the ecological optimum of most populations is colder than the physiological optimum and that the discrepancy between the two increases as the ecological optimum becomes colder. Response to climate change is dependent on innate growth potential and the discrepancy between the two optima and, therefore, is population‐specific, developing out of genotype‐environment interactions. Response to warming in the short‐term can be either positive or negative, but long term responses will be negative for all populations, with the timing of the demise dependent on the amount of skew. The results pertain to physiological modeling, species distribution models, and climate‐change adaptation strategies.
Histamine and Migraine
Authors: Yuan Hsiangkuo , Silberstein Stephen D. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundHistamine is an ancient “tissue amine” preceding multicellular organisms. In the central nervous system (CNS), its fibers originate solely from the tuberomammillary nucleus and travel throughout the brain. It is mainly responsible for wakefulness, energy homeostasis, and memory consolidation. Recently, several studies suggest a potential role of histamine in migraine pathogenesis and management.MethodsNarrative review of current literature regarding histamine and migraine.ResultsHistamine plays a crucial role in migraine pathogenesis: sustaining the neurogenic inflammation pathway. Interaction between mast cells (MC) and calcitonin‐gene related protein (CGRP) results in sensitization of trigeminal afferents and trigeminal ganglia (TG). Histamine binds with differing affinities to four different histaminergic G‐protein coupled receptors, activating protein kinases, or triggering calcium release with subsequent mode of actions. Histamine 1 receptor (H1R) and histamine 2 receptor (H2R) antagonists are frequently used for the treatment of allergy and gastric acid secretion, respectively, but their antagonism is probably ineffective for migraine. Histamine 3 receptor (H3R) and histamine 4 receptor (H4R) have a threefold higher affinity than H1R/H2R for histamine and are found almost exclusively on neurons and immune tissues, respectively. H3R acts as an autoreceptor or as a heteroreceptor, lowering the release of histamine and other neurotransmitters. This is a potential target for anti‐nociception and anti‐neurogenic inflammation. To date, several small clinical trials using low dose histamine or Nα‐methylhistamine have demonstrated migraine prophylactic efficacy, probably via H3R or other undetermined pathways.ConclusionThe histamine system interacts with multiple regions in the CNS and may hypothetically modulate the migraine response. Low dose histamine may be a promising option for migraine prevention.
Fluidity of places in everyday food consumption: Introducing snackscapes
Authors: Syrjälä Henna , Luomala Harri T. , Autio Minna 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSnack consumption encompasses the repetitive habits of consumers in various everyday life spaces. Despite the pervasiveness of snack consumption worldwide, the phenomenon of snacking has not been given extensive attention, unlike other areas of food consumption research. Yet, snacking shows certain distinctive features, such as fluidity of places. This study leans on foodscape literature and introduces the concept of snackscape, which enables us to showcase the multiplicity of places in snacking culture. While prior foodscape studies are located in certain tangible places, such as urban surroundings, festival sites or particular geographical areas, snackscapes demonstrate how snacks may be consumed, for instance, on the move from one place to another, or in a variety of places that are not part of one's ordinary routines, such as on a picnic or a holiday trip to a foreign country. The findings show how places of habitual snack consumption vary from time to time—or are even on the move. This is a powerful demonstration of how a routine‐like consumption practice takes place in everyday life. This study also highlights important consumer policy issues, especially in regard to young consumers and their snacking habits. Thereby, the study brings forward the agentic capacity of snackscapes having implications on engaging in healthier snack consumption.
CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS AND MATERNAL DIET4
Authors: PITT DAVID B. , SAMSON PATRICIA E. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryNutritional deficiency has been shown by many workers to be teratogenic to the animal embryo. Vitamins of the B group especially appear to be essential for normal organogenesis. This is consistent with the known general functions of the B vitamins, which, acting as intracellular enzymes, promote rapid cell growth, for example, in the adult hæmatopoietic and gastro‐intestinal systems.In this study an attempt has been made to detect deficiencies in the diets of 99 mothers who bore malformed children. When their estimated diets were compared with those of a matched control series, some small differences were found in several groups of malformation, especially congenital heart disease and talipes. The most usual differences were in iron and the B group vitamins, thiamine and niacin ; but whether these differences are biologically important cannot be stated. No differences were found in mongolism and spina bifida.