bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis and Condomless Sex: Disentangling Personal Values From Public Health Priorities
Authors: Calabrese Sarah K. , Underhill Kristen , Mayer Kenneth H. 
Published: August 2017

Daily HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective form of HIV protection that remains unknown and inaccessible for many people in the United States despite receiving federal approval over five years ago. PrEP is supported by the public health community, but forgoing condoms while taking PrEP has proven controversial; this controversy may be contributing to the lag in PrEP uptake. We argue that limiting PrEP access based on anticipated or actual sexual behavior contradicts the goals of public health research and practice and is not scientifically justified. As evidence for the effectiveness of novel forms of biomedical HIV protection emerges, public health professionals need to accept new definitions of “protected sex” and ensure that their personal values do not override empirical evidence when determining public health priorities.
Pore Compressibility of Shale Formations
Authors: Lan Yuzheng , Moghanloo Rouzbeh Ghanbarnezhad , Davudov Davud 
Published: August 2017

Summary
This study introduces a novel outlook on a shale-pore system and on the potential effect of pore compressibility on the production performance. We divide porosity of the system into accessible and inaccessible pores, and incorporate inaccessible pores with grains into the part of the rock that is not accessible. In general, accessible pores contribute to flow directly, whereas inaccessible pores do not.
We present a mathematical model that uses mercury-injection capillary pressure (MICP) data to determine the accessible-pore and inaccessible part of the rock (IRP) compressibility as a function of pressure. During MICP testing in a typical shale sample, the rock sample experiences conformance, compression, and intrusion as effective pressure increases. We characterize the compressibility value dependent on MICP data as a function of pressure. The calculated compressibility values for accessible pores generally appear to be much greater (two to three orders of magnitude) than those of IRP.
Next, we evaluate how calculated accessible-pore-compressibility values affect gas recovery in several shale-gas plays. Our results suggest that substitution of total pore compressibility with accessible-pore compressibility can significantly change the reservoir-behavior prediction. The fundamental rock property used in many reservoir-engineering calculations including reserves estimates, reservoir performance, and production forecasting is the total pore-volume (PV) compressibility, which has an approximate value typically within the range of 1 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−4 psi−1 (Mahomad 2014). By recognizing the part of the pore system that actually contributes to production and identifying its compressibility, we can substitute total pore compressibility with accessible-pore compressibility. The result changes the value by nearly two orders of magnitude.
The outcome of the paper changes the industry's take on prediction of reservoir performance, especially the rock-compaction mechanism. This study finds that production caused by rock compaction is in fact much greater than what has often been regarded, which will change the performance evaluation on a great number of reservoirs in terms of economic feasibility.
A Study of the Effect of Fracture Walls on Tracer Transport
Authors: Mahadevan Jagannathan 
Published: August 2017

Summary
Subsurface permeable systems are heterogeneous at multiple scales and are often fractured. Flow and transport in the subsurface formations are impacted by the presence of fractures, both natural and induced. The effects of permeability heterogeneity and fractures on tracer tests are not well-understood. Echo-tracer (i.e., single-well-injection withdrawal) and transmission-tracer (i.e., dipole) tests can provide information on the flow and transport-system heterogeneity in layered formations. The reversal of flow paths in the echo tests tends to cancel out the non-Gaussian, high-permeability flow behavior in the tracer histories, as observed in laboratory experiments.
A question arises whether similar Echo-tracer behavior may be observed in tracer responses for an extreme case of heterogeneity, such as a multiporosity fractured permeable system. A fractured rock consists of high-permeability contrast with high fracture permeability and low matrix permeability, often differing by orders of magnitude. The tracer response from an echo test as well as a transmission test in fractured systems, with high level of heterogeneity, is known to be controlled by the extent of molecular diffusion into the matrix. Dispersion may be dominant in the fracture volume, whereas the molecular diffusion is expected to occur across the fracture/wall interface.
We discuss the 1D propagator of diffusion, with convection, and its behavior in the presence of a reflecting and absorbing fracture wall. A wave model is presented to understand the tracer transport in a fracture with differential-diffusion properties. The model predicts that diffusion and adsorption of tracer can produce a retardation of the tracer propagation in the fracture in a transmission-tracer test. The retardation leads to a difference in the arrival times of the tracer, which can then be used to calculate the length of a fracture. The model prediction is compared with published transmission-tracer test experimental data in a fractured till rock. Comparison of the model prediction of tracer-front-arrival times shows good agreement.
The arrival time depends on the diffusion coefficient, average time of exposure of the solution to the fractured system, the length of the fracture, and the fracture spacing. Prediction of the echo-tracer test shows that for a fractured system, the retardation of the tracer produces a delayed arrival of the diffusing tracer as opposed to the nondiffusing tracer. The study adapts existing techniques for simple-wave description of tracer transport to a fractured system with absorbing walls. The model for prediction of front movement in the fractured system is novel.
Associations among U.S. Locations for Orchardgrass Production
Authors: Robins Joseph G. , Smith s. Ray , Hall Marvin H. , Teutsch Chris D. , Undersander Daniel J. 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
Orchardgrass exhibits strong genotype × environment interaction across U.S. production area.
There is limited association between US orchardgrass production areas.
The choice of best orchardgrass cultivar should be based on local production conditions.
Thirteen orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars were evaluated across 4 years at five US field locations in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Utah, Virginia, and Wisconsin. The objective was to determine the relationship among the five locations for orchardgrass agronomic performance. Cultivar × environment interaction was identified for dry matter (DM) yield, stand percentage, maturity rating, disease rating, spring regrowth, and fall regrowth. Significant concordance values were moderate to high (τ = 0.46 to 0.84) among the locations, with the exception of Wisconsin, which showed little association with the other locations. These rankings indicated that there was little association among the locations for orchardgrass performance. This was further illustrated by the mean values of the cultivars for each trait. In only a few cases was a cultivar among the highest ranking for a trait at more than one location. Notable exceptions were the generally high DM yield of the cultivars Benchmark Plus and Persist and the high disease resistance of the cultivars Barlegro, Excellate SA, and Harvestar. The results illustrate that orchardgrass cultivar adaptation is region specific within this subset of U.S. production areas.
Surge Irrigation Reduces Irrigation Requirements for Soybean on Smectitic Clay‐Textured Soils
Authors: Wood C.W. , Krutz L.J. , Falconer L. , Pringle H.C. , Henry B. , Irby T. , Orlowski J.M. , Bryant C. J. , Boykin D.L. , Atwill R.L. , Pickelmann D.M. 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
Surge irrigation reduced the amount of water applied per irrigation event by 22%
Surge irrigation reduced the total amount of seasonal irrigation water application by 24%
Surge irrigation increased irrigation water use efficiency by 29%
The Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer is declining precipitously due to irrigation withdrawal for row crop production. Currently, 25% of the soybean (Glycine max L.) acres in the Mid‐South are planted on clay‐textured soils and furrow‐irrigated using conventional continuous flow (CONV), the least efficient irrigation delivery system. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of surge irrigation (SURGE) on amount of water applied, soybean grain yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and net return above irrigation costs when implemented on clay‐textured soils. The research was conducted during the 2013 through 2015 growing seasons in Stoneville, MS and consisted of paired fields, with the same cultivar, soil texture, planting date, and management practices used on both sites. Paired fields were randomly assigned as SURGE or CONV. Water applied to each field was monitored with flowmeters, and irrigations were initiated based on soil moisture sensor thresholds. Relative to CONV, SURGE reduced the amount of water applied per irrigation event by 22% and total water applied in season by 24% (P ≤ 0.0349). Soybean grain yield averaged 66 bu/acre and was not different between delivery systems (P = 0.7711), but SURGE increased IWUE by 29% compared with CONV (P = 0.0076). Net return above irrigation cost was not different between CONV and SURGE, regardless of diesel price or pumping depth (P ≥ 0.1149). Results from this research indicate that soybean producers in the Mid‐South and other regions that irrigate using lay‐flat polyethylene tubing can adopt SURGE for soybean on clay‐textured soils without adversely affecting yield or on‐farm profitability while concurrently decreasing the demand on depleted groundwater resources.
Septage unit treatment by sludge treatment reed beds for easy management and reuse: performance and design considerations
Authors: Kim Boram , Bel Thomas , Bourdoncle Pascal , Dimare Jocelyne , Troesch Stéphane , Molle Pascal 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Sustainable treatment and management of fecal sludge in rural areas require adapted solutions. Rustic and simple operating processes such as sludge treatment reed beds (STRB) have been increasingly considered for this purpose. The biggest full scale (2,600 m2 of STRB) septage treatment unit in France had been built in Nègrepelisse with the final objectives of reusing treated sludge and leachates for agriculture spreading and tree irrigation, respectively. The aim of this investigation was to validate the treatment chain of this installation. The obtained field data showed firstly that the overall removal efficiencies of STRB were satisfactory and stable. Removal rates higher than 98% for chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids and a 95% for Kjeldahl nitrogen represented so far a beneficial septage treatment by STRB. The highlighted necessity of a suitable complementary leachate treatment (before tree irrigation) justified the presence of the second stage of vertical flow constructed wetland. The sludge deposit drying and mineralization efficiencies were on the right track. According to hydrotextural diagram analysis, surface deposit was however found to have high deformability probably due to the youth of the installation. An in-depth understanding of STRB system needs continuous long-term studies.
Starch degradation and intermediate dynamics in flocculated and dispersed microcosms
Authors: Ravndal Kristin T. , Kommedal Roald 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A large fraction of the organic substrate in municipal wastewater is particulate. Prior to uptake, particles have to be degraded through potentially a range of intermediates. However, research on intermediate dynamics during particle hydrolysis is limited. In this paper, batch experiments on flocculated and dispersed biomass microcosms using starch as particulate substrate are reported. Overall hydrolysis rate was not significantly different between the two systems. Particle colonization, and increased particle porosity in combination with particle breakup, led to increased substrate availability over time. Particle breakup was more important for flocculated biomass, while increased particle porosity and particle colonization played a larger role for dispersed biomass. During particle degradation intermediates were formed; however, all intermediate polymer sizes were not formed to the same extent. This can be explained by non-random enzymatic degradation, where some products are preferred over others. Intermediates' dynamics also depend on the biomass structure, and in a floc-based system, diffusion limitations allow glucose to accumulate in the system.
Cannabis Phenolics and their Bioactivities
Authors: Pollastro Federica , Minassi Alberto , Fresu Luigia Grazia 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Although Cannabis sativa L. is one of the most versatile plant species with
multipurpose use both as medical, alimentary source and as psychoactive abuse, its biomedical relevance
focused the attention on major cannabinoids. Phytochemical characterization of cannabis highlights
the presence of various non-cannabinoids constituents including flavonoids, spiroindans, dihyrostilbenes,
dihydrophenanthrenes, lignanamides, steroids and alkaloids. This review aims to identify
polyphenols present in this plant, their biosynthesis, their bioactivities and their synthesis, when this
occurred.

Methods:
We undertook a systematic research focused on bibliographic databases including all noncannabinoids
phenolics in various C. sativa strains from their isolation, structural elucidation, their biological
activity to their synthesis.

Result:
Nevertheless, attention has so far been focused only on cannabinoids (more than one hundred
isolated), cannabis is a complex plant able to produce more than 480 chemical entities that represent
almost all of the different biogenetic classes. Regarding phenolic compounds, the plant biosynthesises a
plethora of unique non-cannabinoids second metabolites, such as prenylated flavonoids, stilbenoids derivatives
and lignanammides.

Conclusion:
Cannabis is a plant with high pharmacological and nutrition values, its potentialities and
applications are not only circumscribed to cannabinoids biological activities, but also defined by noncannabinoid
compounds. The combination of other cannabinoids together with noncannabinoid components
could enhance the beneficial effects of THC and could reduce undesirable side effects.
A French Cohort Study of Kidney Retransplantation after Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: Caillard Sophie , Cellot Etienne , Dantal Jacques , Thaunat Olivier , Provot François , Janbon Bénédicte , Buchler Matthias , Anglicheau Dany , Merville Pierre , Lang Philippe , Frimat Luc , Colosio Charlotte , Alamartine Eric , Kamar Nassim , Heng Anne Elisabeth , Durrbach Antoine , Moal Valérie , Rivalan Joseph , Etienne Isabelle , Peraldi Marie Noelle , Moreau Anne , Moulin Bruno ,   for the French PTLD Registry
Published: August 2017

Background and objectives
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders arising after kidney transplantation portend an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Retransplantation of patients who had developed post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder remains questionable owing to the potential risks of recurrence when immunosuppression is reintroduced. Here, we investigated the feasibility of kidney retransplantation after the development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We reviewed the data from all patients who underwent kidney retransplantation after post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in all adult kidney transplantation centers in France between 1998 and 2015.

Results
We identified a total of 52 patients with kidney transplants who underwent 55 retransplantations after post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. The delay from post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder to retransplantation was 100±44 months (28–224); 98% of patients were Epstein–Barr virus seropositive at the time of retransplantation. Induction therapy for retransplantation was used in 48 patients (i.e., 17 [31%] patients received thymoglobulin, and 31 [57%] patients received IL-2 receptor antagonists). Six patients were also treated with rituximab, and 53% of the patients received an antiviral drug. The association of calcineurin inhibitors, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids was the most common maintenance immunosuppression regimen. Nine patients were switched from a calcineurin inhibitor to a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor. One patient developed post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder recurrence at 24 months after retransplantation, whereas post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder did not recur in 51 patients.

Conclusions
The recurrence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder among patients who underwent retransplantation in France is a rare event.
Antonio Enríquez Gómez, El siglo pitagórico y Vida de don Gregorio Guadaña. Édition critique avec introduction et notes par Charles Amiel. Ediciones Hispanoamericanas, Paris, 1977; lix + 383 pp.
Authors: Soons Alan 
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: El siglo pitagórico y Vida de don Gregorio Guadaña. Édition critique avec introduction et notes par Charles Amiel.
Propulsive Qualities of Catamaran Vessels
Authors: Riola José María 
Published: August 2017

During the last decade the civil and military applications of catamaran vessels have developed rapidly. Their particular area of proliferation is the short sea shipping where their power, economy, habitability and behavior have provided them a market niche. The rapid market growth ha caused catamarans to experience design modifications regarding size, speed, cargo diversity (passengers, vehicles, containers). The purpose of this article is to show the work developed by the El Pardo Hydrodynamic Experiences Channel (CEHIPAR) regarding the propulsive qualities of catamaran vessels. This work is the result of the need expressed by the Ministry of Defense for provision of technical assistance and scientific research for an I+D program that established more adequate program parameters for a catamaran-type vessel from the propulsive point of view, in relation to its size and shape, so that it has the adequate information and trustworthiness when suggesting a vessel of this type as an alternative to other platforms, always within the scope of application of patrol-type or quick-attack-type vessels.
SPH Corrección de la deficienccia de límites para la mejora de condiciones de contornos en superficies deformables
Authors: Jones Van , Yang Qing , McCue-Weil Leigh 
Published: August 2017

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshless, Lagrangian CFD method. SPH often utilizes static virtual particles to correct for integral deficiencies that occur near boundaries. These virtual particles, while useful in most cases, can be difficult to implement for objects which experience large deformations. As an alternative to virtual particles, a repulsive force algorithm is presented which loosely emulates the presence of virtual particles in the SPH momentum equation.
Técnicas para el desarrollo de metamodelos aplicadas a problemas
Authors: Backlund Peter B. , Shahan David , Seepersad Carolyn C. 
Published: August 2017

Metamodels, also known as surrogate models, can be used in place of computationally expensive simulation models to increase computational efficiency for the purposes of design optimization or design space exploration. Metamodel-based design optimization is especially advantageous for ship design problems that require either computationally expensive simulations or costly physical experiments. In this paper, three metamodeling methods are evaluated with respect to their capabilities for modeling highly nonlinear, multimodal functions with incrementally increasing numbers of independent variables. Methods analyzed include kriging, radial basis functions (RBF), and support vector regression (SVR). Each metamodeling technique is used to model a set of single-output functions with dimensionality ranging from one to ten independent variables and modality ranging from one to twenty local maxima. The number of points used to train the models is increased until a predetermined error threshold is met. Results show that each of the three methods has its own distinct advantages.
Holistic ship design optimization: merchant and naval ships
Authors: Papanikolaou Apostolos D. 
Published: August 2017

The present paper provides a brief introduction to a holistic approach to ship design optimization, defines the generic ship design optimization problem, and demonstrates its solution by using advanced optimization techniques for the computer-aided generation, exploration, and selection of optimal designs. It discusses proposed methods on the basis of some typical ship design optimization problems of cargo and naval ships related to multiple objectives, leading to improved and partly innovative design features with respect to ships’ economy, cargo carrying capacity, safety, survivability, comfort, required powering, environmental protection, or combat strength, as applicable.
Recent developments in the design of fast ships
Authors: Gelling J. L. , Keuning J. A. 
Published: August 2017

During the last twenty years, Damen Shipyards, a multinational shipbuilding group with 6000 employees worldwide, has done extensive research on the development of hull designs for fast monohull vessels. In the 1990s the Enlarged Ship Concept was developed, leading to highly improved sea keeping capabilities and vessel behaviour in waves at high speed. This hull design concept was applied in the Damen SPa 4207 patrol vessel and has proven extremely successful, reducing vertical accelerations by 50% and, thus, allowing vessels to keep operating at high speed in waves. Over 25 units of the Damen SPa 4207 have been delivered so far. After the successful introduction of the Enlarged Ship Concept, Damen and Delft University continued developing the next generation hull form: the axebow design. Compared to the already good sea keeping capacities of the Enlarged Ship Concept, model tests indicated a further reduction of vertical accelerations. This was proven by real-time measurements on the first built axebow vessels in 2006 and 2007. In the last 3 years, over 30 axe bow supply vessels have been delivered to very satisfied operators. As a next step, Damen has applied the axe bow design to the latest patrol vessel design, the Damen SPa 5009. The first vessel of this design is currently under construction and its trials are scheduled by the end of 2011. The paper describes the background of the research done by Damen and Delft University, focusing on the mathematical and scientific aspects of the axebow design and its application on various ship types. The development and design of the latest Damen patrol vessel, SPa 5009, will be introduced, describing its seakeeping performance, operatability and crew ergonomics. Finally, the paper will mention the current and future research topics that Damen and Delft University are working on together, identifying the developments of the future generation patrol vessels.