bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Modulation of Orbitofrontal Network Activity during Negative Occasion Setting
Authors: Shobe Justin L. , Bakhurin Konstantin I. , Claar Leslie D. , Masmanidis Sotiris C. 
Published: August 2017

Discrete cues can gain powerful control over behavior to help an animal anticipate and cope with upcoming events. This is important in conditions where understanding the relationship between complex stimuli provides a means to resolving situational ambiguity. However, it is unclear how cortical circuits generate and maintain these signals that conditionally regulate behavior. To address this, we established a Pavlovian serial feature-negative conditioning paradigm, where male mice are trained on a trial in which a conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented alone and followed by reward, or a feature-negative trial in which the CS is preceded by a feature cue indicating there is no reward. Mice learn to respond with anticipatory licking to a solitary CS, but significantly suppress their responding to the same cue during feature-negative trials. We show that the feature cue forms a selective association with its paired CS, because the ability of the feature to transfer its suppressive properties to a separately rewarded cue is limited. Next, to examine the underlying neural dynamics, we conduct recordings in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). We find that the feature cue significantly and selectively inhibits CS-evoked activity. Finally, we find that the feature triggers a distinct OFC network state during the delay period between the feature and CS, establishing a potential link between the feature and future events. Together, our findings suggest that OFC dynamics are modulated by the feature cue and its associated conditioned stimulus in a manner consistent with an occasion setting model.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe ability of patterned cues to form an inhibitory relationship with ambiguously rewarded outcomes has been appreciated since early studies on learning and memory. However, it was often assumed that these cues, despite their hierarchical nature, still made direct associative links with neural rewarding events. This model was significantly challenged, largely by the work of Holland and colleagues, who demonstrated that under certain conditions cues can inherit occasion setting properties whereby they modulate the ability of a paired cue to elicit its conditioned response. Here we provide some of the first evidence that the activity of a cortical circuit is selectively modulated by such cues, thereby providing insight into the mechanisms of higher order learning.
Thermosensory Perceptual Learning Is Associated with Structural Brain Changes in Parietal–Opercular (SII) Cortex
Authors: Mano Hiroaki , Yoshida Wako , Shibata Kazuhisa , Zhang Suyi , Koltzenburg Martin , Kawato Mitsuo , Seymour Ben 
Published: August 2017

The location of a sensory cortex for temperature perception remains a topic of substantial debate. Both the parietal–opercular (SII) and posterior insula have been consistently implicated in thermosensory processing, but neither region has yet been identified as the locus of fine temperature discrimination. Using a perceptual learning paradigm in male and female humans, we show improvement in discrimination accuracy for subdegree changes in both warmth and cool detection over 5 d of repetitive training. We found that increases in discriminative accuracy were specific to the temperature (cold or warm) being trained. Using structural imaging to look for plastic changes associated with perceptual learning, we identified symmetrical increases in gray matter volume in the SII cortex. Furthermore, we observed distinct, adjacent regions for cold and warm discrimination, with cold discrimination having a more anterior locus than warm. The results suggest that thermosensory discrimination is supported by functionally and anatomically distinct temperature-specific modules in the SII cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe provide behavioral and neuroanatomical evidence that perceptual learning is possible within the temperature system. We show that structural plasticity localizes to parietal–opercular (SII), and not posterior insula, providing the best evidence to date resolving a longstanding debate about the location of putative “temperature cortex.” Furthermore, we show that cold and warm pathways are behaviorally and anatomically dissociable, suggesting that the temperature system has distinct temperature-dependent processing modules.
Systemic Neutrophil Depletion Modulates the Migration and Fate of Transplanted Human Neural Stem Cells to Rescue Functional Repair
Authors: Nguyen Hal X. , Hooshmand Mitra J. , Saiwai Hirokazu , Maddox Jake , Salehi Arjang , Lakatos Anita , Nishi Rebecca A. , Salazar Desiree , Uchida Nobuko , Anderson Aileen J. 
Published: August 2017

The interaction of transplanted stem cells with local cellular and molecular cues in the host CNS microenvironment may affect the potential for repair by therapeutic cell populations. In this regard, spinal cord injury (SCI), Alzheimer's disease, and other neurological injuries and diseases all exhibit dramatic and dynamic changes to the host microenvironment over time. Previously, we reported that delayed transplantation of human CNS-derived neural stem cells (hCNS-SCns) at 9 or 30 d post-SCI (dpi) resulted in extensive donor cell migration, predominantly neuronal and oligodendrocytic donor cell differentiation, and functional locomotor improvements. Here, we report that acute transplantation of hCNS-SCns at 0 dpi resulted in localized astroglial differentiation of donor cells near the lesion epicenter and failure to produce functional improvement in an all-female immunodeficient mouse model. Critically, specific immunodepletion of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) blocked hCNS-SCns astroglial differentiation near the lesion epicenter and rescued the capacity of these cells to restore function. These data represent novel evidence that a host immune cell population can block the potential for functional repair derived from a therapeutic donor cell population, and support targeting the inflammatory microenvironment in combination with cell transplantation after SCI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe interaction of transplanted cells with local cellular and molecular cues in the host microenvironment is a key variable that may shape the translation of neurotransplantation research to the clinical spinal cord injury (SCI) human population, and few studies have investigated these events. We show that the specific immunodepletion of polymorphonuclear leukocyte neutrophils using anti-Ly6G inhibits donor cell astrogliosis and rescues the capacity of a donor cell population to promote locomotor improvement after SCI. Critically, our data demonstrate novel evidence that a specific host immune cell population can block the potential for functional repair derived from a therapeutic donor cell population.
Lipocalins Are Required for Apical Extracellular Matrix Organization and Remodeling in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Forman-Rubinsky Rachel , Cohen Jennifer D , Sundaram Meera V 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A lipid and glycoprotein-rich apical extracellular matrix (aECM) or glycocalyx lines exposed membranes in the body, and is particularly important to protect narrow tube integrity. Lipocalins (“fat cups”) are small, secreted, cup-shaped proteins that bind and transport lipophilic cargo and are often found in luminal or aECM compartments such as mammalian plasma, urine, or tear film. Although some lipocalins can bind known aECM lipids and/or matrix metalloproteinases, it is not known if and how lipocalins affect aECM structure due to challenges in visualizing the aECM in most systems. Here we show that two Caenorhabditis elegans lipocalins, LPR-1 and LPR-3, have distinct functions in the precuticular glycocalyx of developing external epithelia. LPR-1 moves freely through luminal compartments, while LPR-3 stably localizes to a central layer of the membrane-anchored glycocalyx, adjacent to the transient zona pellucida domain protein LET-653. Like LET-653 and other C. elegans glycocalyx components, these lipocalins are required to maintain the patency of the narrow excretory duct tube, and also affect multiple aspects of later cuticle organization. lpr-1 mutants cannot maintain a continuous excretory duct apical domain and have misshapen cuticle ridges (alae) and abnormal patterns of cuticular surface lipid staining. lpr-3 mutants cannot maintain a passable excretory duct lumen, properly degrade the eggshell, or shed old cuticle during molting, and they lack cuticle barrier function. Based on these phenotypes, we infer that both LPR-1 and LPR-3 are required to build a properly organized aECM, while LPR-3 additionally is needed for aECM clearance and remodeling. The C. elegans glycocalyx provides a powerful system, amenable to both genetic analysis and live imaging, for investigating how lipocalins and lipids affect aECM structure.
Promoting Children’s Reading in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Shamatov Duishon 
Published: August 2017

Abstract This paper is on family reading for children in Kyrgyzstan a Central Asian former USSR state. Poor reading skills lead to poor learning in all other subjects. This paper presents the research study on the Reading for Children project, which aimed to promote a love for reading and enthusiasm for books from early ages. The study also identifies whether the Reading for Children project has had any impact on language skills of small children. The study was conducted with the help of survey questionnaire, individual and group interviews as well as observation. The study findings demonstrated that Parents’ involvement in reading tasks can help develop their children’s interest in reading. The study demonstrated that the Reading for Children project increased access to children’s age-appropriate reading materials, promoted enjoyable reading experiences between parents and children, and strengthened family bonds between parents and conducting series of trainings on family reading. In addition, there were indications that the project had also positively influenced the children’s attitude towards education and performance at school. Paper offers practice and policy recommendations. Abstrak Pembahasan Artikel ini tentang bacaan keluarga, untuk anak-anak di Kyrgyzstan Central Asian former USSR state. Kemampuan membaca yang buruk mengakibatkan daya belajar yang rendah pada semua mata pelajaran. Jika siswa belajar untuk membaca di usia awal dan pada tingkat kecepatan membaca yang memadai, maka mereka mempunyai kesempatan yang lebih besar untuk bertindak lebih baik di sekolah. Artikel ini menyajikan penelitian tentang projek membaca untuk anak-anak, yang bertujuan untuk mempromosikan kecintaan terhadap membaca dan antusiasme terhadap buku sejak usia dini. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi apakah projek bacaan pada anak-anak telah memiliki dampak terhadap kemampuan bahasa anak-anak kecil. Penelitian dilakukan dengan angket survey, wawancara individu dan kelompok, dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan orang tua dalam tugas-tugas membaca dapat membantu mengembangkan minat membaca anak-anak mereka. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa projek membaca untuk siswa meningkatkan akses kepada materi bacaan yang sesuai dengan usia anak-anak, mempromosikan pengalaman membaca yang menyenangkan antara orang tua dan anak-anak, dan memperkuatan ikatan keluarga antar-orang tua, dan mengadakan rangkaian pelatihan bacaan keluarga. Selain itu, terindikasi bahwa projek tersebut juga mempengaruhi secara positif sikap anak-anak terhadap pendidikan dan prestasi di sekolah. Tulisan menganjurkan latihan dan rekomendasi kebijakan.How to Cite : Shamatov, D. (2015). Promoting Children’s Reading in Kyrgyzstan. TARBIYA: Journal Of Education In Muslim Society, 2(2), 105-116. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i2.2801. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i2.2801
Constructivism Based Learning: Design and Practice
Authors: Kurniawati Lia , Muin Abdul , Miftah Ramdani 
Published: August 2017

Abstract One of many problems in the madrasahs is that learning processes less-involve students actively (teacher-centered), thus, it affects to the improvement of learning outcomes and quality of the graduates. The purposes of this study are , firstly, to analyze what type of constructivism learning models, which can be developed to overcome madrasahs’ problems. Secondly, how to design and implement a learning plan based on the developed constructivism models. This research was conducted at Private Islamic Elementary School (Madrasah) Ad-Diyanah Ciputat, South Tangerang. Research method used in this study is descriptive-qualitative research. The results showed that the active learning models based on constructivism are suitable to be developed in the Madarasah, which were the models of Problem Based Learning (PBM), Realistic Learning, Inquiry Learning and Thematic Learning and also how the development of the learning processes from the lesson plans to the learning implementation showed a paradigm shifting from teacher-centered to student-centered. Abstrak Salah satu permasalahan di madrasah-madrasah adalah proses pembelajaran yang kurang melibatkan siswa secara aktif (berpusat pada guru), sehingga hal ini mengakibatkan pada peningkatan hasil belajar dan kualitas lulusan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah, pertama, untuk menganalisis jenis model pembelajaran konstruktivisme apa yang dapat dikembangkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan di madrasah. Ke dua, bagaimana merancang dan melaksanakan rencana pembelajaran berdasarkan model konstruktivisme yang dikembangkan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Sekolah Dasar Swasta (madrasah) Ad-Diayanah Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran aktif yang berbasis konstruktivisme sesuai untuk dikembangkan di madrasah, yakni model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL), Pembelajaran Realistis, Pembelajaran Inkuiri dan Pembelajaran Tematik, juga bagaimana pengembangan proses pembelajaran dari rencana pembelajaran ke pelaksanaan pembelajaran menunjukkan perubahan paradigma dari berpusat-pada-guru menjadi berpusat-pada-siswa. How to Cite : Kurniawati, L. Muin, A. Miftah, R., M. (2015). Constructivism Based Learning: Design and Practice. TARBIYA: Journal Of Education In Muslim Society, 2(2), 123-130. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i2. 3183. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i2.3183
Relationship between borderline personality symptoms and Internet addiction: The mediating effects of mental health problems
Authors: Lu Wei-Hsin , Lee Kun-Hua , Ko Chih-Hung , Hsiao Ray C. , Hu Huei-Fan , Yen Cheng-Fang 
Published: August 2017

Aim
To examine the relationship between borderline personality symptoms and Internet addiction as well as the mediating role of mental health problems between them.

Methods
A total of 500 college students from Taiwan were recruited and assessed for symptoms of Internet addiction using the Chen Internet Addiction Scale, borderline personality symptoms using the Taiwanese version of the Borderline Symptom List and mental health problems using four subscales from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised Scale (interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and hostility). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test our hypothesis that borderline personality symptoms are associated with the severity of Internet addiction directly and also through the mediation of mental health problems.

Results
SEM analysis revealed that all paths in the hypothesized model were significant, indicating that borderline personality symptoms were directly related to the severity of Internet addiction as well as indirectly related to the severity of Internet addiction by increasing the severity of mental health problems.

Conclusion
Borderline personality symptoms and mental health problems should be taken into consideration when designing intervention programs for Internet addiction.
Psychological factors, sociodemographic characteristics, and coping mechanisms associated with the self-stigma of problem gambling
Authors: Hing Nerilee , Russell Alex M. T. 
Published: August 2017

Background and aims
Few studies have examined the stigma of problem gambling and little is known about those who internalize this prejudice as damaging self-stigma. This paper aimed to identify psychological factors, sociodemographic characteristics, and coping mechanisms associated with the self-stigma of problem gambling.

Methods
An online survey was conducted on 177 Australian adults with a current gambling problem to measure self-stigma, self-esteem, social anxiety, self-consciousness, psychological distress, symptom severity, most problematic gambling form, stigma coping mechanisms, and sociodemographic characteristics.

Results
All variables significantly correlated with self-stigma were considered for inclusion in a regression model. A multivariate linear regression indicated that higher levels of self-stigma were associated with: being female, being older, lower self-esteem, higher problem gambling severity score, and greater use of secrecy (standardized coefficients: 0.16, 0.14, −0.33, 0.23, and 0.15, respectively). Strongest predictors in the model were self-esteem, followed by symptom severity score. Together, predictors in the model accounted for 38.9% of the variance in self-stigma.

Discussion and conclusions
These results suggest that the self-stigma of problem gambling may be driven by similar mechanisms as the self-stigma of other mental health disorders, and impact similarly on self-esteem and coping. Thus, self-stigma reduction initiatives used for other mental health conditions may be effective for problem gambling. In contrast, however, the self-stigma of problem gambling increased with female gender and older age, which are associated with gaming machine problems. This group should, therefore, be a target population for efforts to reduce or better cope with the self-stigma of problem gambling.
MONITORAMENTO DO TEOR DE ÁGUA NO SOLO EM TEMPO REAL COM AS TÉCNICAS DE TDR E FDR
Authors: Souza Claudinei Fonseca , Da Silva Claudio Ricardo , De Andrade Junior Aderson Soares , Coelho Eugênio Ferreira 
Published: August 2017

MONITORAMENTO DO TEOR DE ÁGUA NO SOLO EM TEMPO REAL COM AS TÉCNICAS DE TDR E FDR CLAUDINEI FONSECA SOUZA¹; CLAUDIO RICARDO DA SILVA2; ADERSON SOARES DE ANDRADE JÚNIOR3 E EUGÊNIO FERREIRA COELHO4 1 Professor Adjunto da Universidade Federal de São Carlos – Rodovia anhanguera km 174 – CP. 153 – CEP 13600-970 - Araras-SP, Brasil. cfsouza@cca.ufscar.br;2 Professor Adjunto da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – Uberlândia-MG. claudio@iciag.ufu.br;3 Pesquisador Embrapa - Meio Norte, Teresina – PI. aderson.andrade@embrapa.br;4 Pesquisador Embrapa - Mandioca e Fruticultura – Cruz das Almas – BA. eugenio.coelho@embrapa.br; 1 RESUMO O conhecimento da umidade do solo é de fundamental importância para a agricultura, sobretudo na determinação de sua variação, na otimização do manejo da solução no solo. Para medidas de umidade do solo existe uma tendência de utilização de sondas amostradoras baseadas na técnica de TDR e FDR que, de certa forma, são novas no Brasil. As vantagens são a obtenção precisa das medidas, facilidade de acoplamento a um sistema de coleta de dados, rapidez e segurança ao operador. Entretanto, para que estes equipamentos apresentem desempenho satisfatório é indispensável observar uma série de cuidados e procedimentos simples no preparo, instalação, operação e manutenção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi reunir instruções de como instalar, usar, vantagens e desvantagens, entre outros, auxiliando assim, na difusão da técnica tanto no meio cientifico como também, em qualquer ambiente que se deseja realizar o monitoramento da umidade do solo em tempo real. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Umidade do solo; Manejo da água no solo; Irrigação; Técnica eletromagnética. SOUZA, C.F.; SILVA, C.R.; ANDRADE JÚNIOR, A.S.; COELHO, E.F.MONITORING OF SOIL WATER CONTENT IN REAL TIME WITH TDR AND FDR TECHNIQUE 2 ABSTRACT Knowledge of soil moisture is of fundamental importance for agriculture, especially in determining their variation in optimizing the management of the soil solution. For measurements of soil water content there is a tendency to use equipment based on the technique of TDR and FDR that, in a way, are new in Brazil. The advantages are the obtention of precise measures, ease of coupling to a system of data collection, speed and operator safety. However, for these devices to exhibit satisfactory performance is essential to observe a series of simple procedures and care in the preparation, installation, operation and maintenance. The aim of this study was to collaborate with the diffusion of technology, providing instructions upon how to install, use and maintain these equipments in field, under optimal conditions of operation, aiming for real-time monitoring of irrigation. Keywords: Soil water content; Water management; Irrigation; Electromagnetic technique.
Yield of different bronchoscopic techniques in diagnosis of lung cancer
Authors: Kumar Vipul , Gupta K. B. , Aggarwal Ritu 
Published: August 2017

Background: Lung cancer is generally diagnosed during late stage of the disease so early diagnosis of lung cancer is very important to reduce lung cancer death rate. Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy revolutionized early diagnosis of lung cancer as it provides sufficient cytologic and histologic specimens in form of bronchial brushings, broncho-alveolar lavage and bronchial forceps biopsy. Cytologic techniques are safe, economical, and provide quick results. They not only complement tissue biopsies in the diagnosis of lung cancer but are also comparable in yield.Methods: The present study analyzes cytology of Bronchoalveolar lavage, Bronchial Brushings and histology of bronchial biopsy in 45 patients diagnosed as lung cancer by fiber-optic bronchoscopy. Age, gender, smoking habits, various histological types of malignancies, and yield of various bronchoscopic diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of lung cancer were evaluated.Results: Of the 45 cases with confirmed diagnosis, 37 (82.22%) were males and 8 (17.17%) were females with male to female ratio of 4.6:1. The mean age in this study group was 54.71 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common primary bronchogenic tumor (62.22%) followed by adeno carcinoma (26.66%). The overall diagnostic yield of fiber-optic bronchoscopy procedures was 100% (32/32 patients) in bronchoscopically visible tumors. Bronchial biopsy was most sensitive (100%) followed by Bronchial Brushings (88%) and BAL (81.25%). However, in non-visible tumors, biopsy, brush and BAL yielded diagnostic specimens for lung cancer in 84.61%, 76.92% and 46.15% of patients respectively.Conclusions: Lung cancer is a common malignancy with male preponderance. Bronchial biopsy has a very high diagnostic yield. Cytopathological examination of bronchial brushings and broncho-alveolar lavage not only complement tissue biopsies in the diagnosis of lung cancer but have comparable diagnostic yield.