bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Laser Microdissection in Forensic Sexual Assault Casework: Pros and Cons Compared to Standard Methods
Authors: Costa Sergio , Correia‐de‐Sá Paulo , Porto Maria J. , Cainé Laura 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSexual assault samples are among the most frequently analyzed in a forensic laboratory. These account for almost half of all samples processed routinely, and a large portion of these cases remain unsolved. These samples often pose problems to traditional analytic methods of identification because they consist most frequently of cell mixtures from at least two contributors: the victim (usually female) and the perpetrator (usually male). In this study, we propose the use of current preliminary testing for sperm detection in order to determine the chances of success when faced with samples which can be good candidates to undergo analysis with the laser microdissection technology. Also, we used laser microdissection technology to capture fluorescently stained cells of interest differentiated by gender. Collected materials were then used for DNA genotyping with commercially available amplification kits such as Minifiler, Identifiler Plus, NGM, and Y‐Filer. Both the methodology and the quality of the results were evaluated to assess the pros and cons of laser microdissection compared with standard methods. Overall, the combination of fluorescent staining combined with the Minifiler amplification kit provided the best results for autosomal markers, whereas the Y‐Filer kit returned the expected results regardless of the used method.
Mycotoxin Contamination of Rice in China
Authors: Sun Xiang Dong , Su Ping , Shan Hong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMycotoxin contamination in rice is generally lower than in other cereals such as corn or wheat. However, over 65% of the population in China consumes rice as a staple food. Due to the diversity of the climate across China, the southern region is characterized by high temperatures and humidities, especially in rainy season. Such conditions are optimal for the growth of fungi. The accumulative and transferrable characteristics of fungi mycotoxins pose a great potential threat as confirmed by high incidences of liver cancer in the Yangtze delta region. Major mycotoxins identified in China are aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, as well as fumonisins. The contents of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in rice are varied among different provinces and regions and generally less than 5 μg/kg. Although high incidences of positive aflatoxins samples have widely been detected, few samples were detected as exceeding the national's maximum residue limit (10 μg/kg). Limited information is available on risk assessment of human health hazards of mycotoxins in rice, children should be paid more attention to due to their having the highest mycotoxins exposure level, although the risks are generally at low levels from rice. Mycotoxins are mainly distributed in the outer layer of the paddy rice (also called rough rice, referring to whole rice grain with the hulls), and the AFB1 content in bran is 8.4 times greater than that in brown rice (hulled rice). Further investigation should focus on isolation and identification of mycotoxins‐producing fungal strains, especially unknown mycotoxigenic fungal strains determination. Infection resistant rice breeding of mycotoxigenic fungal species may be a fundamental approach to guaranteeing rice safety in China.
Screening and Treatment for Subclinical Hypertensive Heart Disease in Emergency Department Patients With Uncontrolled Blood Pressure: A Cost‐effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Twiner Michael J. , Marinica Alexander L. , Kuper Kenneth , Goodman Allen , Mahn James J. , Burla Michael J. , Brody Aaron M. , Carroll Justin A. , Josiah Willock Robina , Flack John M. , Nasser Samar A. , Levy Phillip D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesPoorly controlled hypertension (HTN) is extremely prevalent and, if left unchecked, subclinical hypertensive heart disease (SHHD) may ensue leading to conditions such as heart failure. To address this, we designed a multidisciplinary program to detect and treatSHHDin a high‐risk, predominantly African American community. The primary objective of this study was to determine the cost‐effectiveness of our program.MethodsStudy costs associated with identifying and treating patients withSHHDwere calculated and a sensitivity analysis was performed comparing the effect of four parameters on cost estimates. These included prevalence of disease, effectiveness of treatment (regression ofSHHD, reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH], or blood pressure [BP] control as separate measures), echocardiogram costs, and participant time/travel costs. The parent study for this analysis was a single‐center, randomized controlled trial comparing cardiac effects of standard and intense (<120/80 mm Hg)BPgoals at 1 year in patients with uncontrolledHTNandSHHD. A total of 149 patients (94% African American) were enrolled, 133 (89%) hadSHHD, 123 (93%) of whom were randomized, with 88 (72%) completing the study. Patients were clinically evaluated and medically managed over the course of 1 year with repeated echocardiograms. Costs of these interventions were analyzed and, following standard practices, a cost per quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY) less than $50,000 was defined as cost‐effective.ResultsTotal costs estimates for the program ranged from $117,044 to $119,319. Cost perQALYwas dependent onSHHDprevalence and the measure of effectiveness but not input costs. Cost‐effectiveness (cost perQALYless than $50,000) was achieved whenSHHDprevalence exceeded 11.1% for regression ofSHHD, 4.7% for reversal ofLVH, and 2.9% for achievement ofBPcontrol.ConclusionsIn this cohort of predominantly African American patients with uncontrolledHTN,SHHDprevalence was high and screening with treatment was cost‐effective across a range of assumptions. These data suggest that multidisciplinary programs such as this can be a cost‐effective mechanism to mitigate the cardiovascular consequences ofHTNin emergency department patients with uncontrolledBP.
Unconsented Sterilisation, Participatory Story‐Telling, and Digital Counter‐Memory in Peru
Authors: Brown Matthew , Tucker Karen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article aims to prompt reflection on the ways in which digital research methods can support or undermine participatory research. Building on our experiences of working on the Quipu Project (quipu‐project.com), an interactive, multimedia documentary on unconsented sterilisation in Peru, it explores the ways in which digital technologies can enable participatory knowledge production across geographic, social and linguistic divides. It also considers the new forms of engagement between knowledge‐producers and audiences that digital methods can encourage. Digital technologies can, we contend, help build new spaces for, and modes of engagement with, participatory research, even in contexts such as the Peruvian Andes where digital technologies are not well established or commonly used. Doing so, we argue, entails responding sensitively to the social, linguistic and digital inequalities that shape specific research contexts, and centring the human relationships that are easily sacrificed at the altar of technological innovation.
Objective and subjective outcomes of strabismus surgery in Graves' orbitopathy: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Jellema Hinke Marijke , Saeed Peerooz , Mombaerts Ilse , Dolman Peter J. , Garrity Jim , Kazim Mike , Dhrami‐Gavazi Elona , Lyons Christopher , Nieuwkerk Pythia , Mourits Maarten P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeTo assess the change and interrelationship of the field of binocular single vision (BSV) and the quality of life (QoL), tested with two different tools, after one or two strabismus surgeries in patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO).MethodsProspectively, consecutive patients with GO who were scheduled for their first strabismus surgery were recruited from five centres specialized in the treatment of GO. One week preoperatively and 3 months after the last operation, a full ophthalmic and orthoptic examination was performed. Change in field of BSV, GO‐QoL and thyroid eye disease‐QoL (TED‐QoL) was recorded.ResultsA total of 59 met all the eligibility criteria of whom 15 underwent two strabismus operations. The median (interquartile range) preoperative score of the field of BSV was 0 (0–0), which improved to 73 (53–85) after the correction(s) (p < 0.001). After the first surgery, a significant higher score of the field of BSV was found in the patients who underwent one operation (76; 60–86) compared with those who underwent two 0 (0–63) operations (p < 0.001). After the second surgery, this score increased to 62 (40–76; p = 0.05). A moderate correlation was found between the score of the field of BSV and the GO‐QoL visual functioning (VF) questionnaires (r = 0.485; p < 0.001). Both the GO‐QoL and TED‐QoL for VF and appearance (AP) showed significantly higher scores after the treatment (p < 0.001).ConclusionAfter strabismus surgery in GO patients, both the field of BSV and quality of life questionnaires increase. In approximately 30% of the patients, an additional strabismus surgery is performed. This second surgery significantly expands the field of BSV and the quality of life.
Is an ophthalmic check‐up needed after uneventful cataract surgery? A large retrospective comparative cohort study of Finnish patients
Authors: Eloranta Hannakaisa , Falck Aura 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate retrospectively the potential benefit of a routine 1‐month ophthalmic check‐up after cataract surgery, and the potential harm after terminating this practice and only organizing a check‐up for those patients anticipated to need such.MethodsIn 2006, cataract patients of the Oulu University Hospital Eye Clinic were advised to have a check‐up at an ophthalmologist 1 month after uneventful surgery, while in 2009, no check‐up was regarded necessary. The consecutive first 1000 cataract surgery visits in both 2006 and 2009 are included in this study. Data on intra‐ and postoperative complications, ocular comorbidity, planned and unplanned postoperative out‐patient visits, nights in the hospital and phone calls were gathered until 2014. In both time periods, a hospital check‐up was provided for patients experiencing complications or symptoms.ResultsThere were 31 complications identified during or immediately after cataract surgery in 2006, and 23 in 2009. Fifty‐eight (2006) and 27 patients (2009) were assigned an out‐patient visit to the hospital. Additional 42 (2006) and 39 patients (2009) contacted the hospital because of symptoms, five (2006) and three (2009) with a referral. Medical or surgical intervention was needed by a third. Long‐term complications other than secondary cataract were rare in both groups. Problems attributable to the lack of a 1‐month check‐up were not found in the later patient group during 5 years of follow‐up.ConclusionAccording to this study, ophthalmic check‐up arranged at 1 month after uneventful cataract surgery is unnecessary. However, the 5–10% of patients with intraoperative problems or ocular comorbidities that could interfere with recovery, or postoperative symptoms, should be seen at low threshold.
Comparison of laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy and open hepaticojejunostomy. Can stenosis of the hilar hepatic duct affect postoperative outcome?
Authors: Miyano Go , Koyama Mariko , Miyake Hiromu , Kaneshiro Masakatsu , Morita Keiichi , Nakajima Hideaki , Yamoto Masaya , Nouso Hiroshi , Fukumoto Koji , Urushihara Naoto 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy (LHJ) and open hepaticojejunostomy (OHJ) for choledochal cyst associated with hilar hepatic duct stenosis (HHDS).MethodsData collection was prospective for LHJ cases from 2009 and retrospective for OHJ cases from 2003 to 2008. Data were compared with respect to HHDS. HHDS was incised longitudinally as required during hilar hepatic ductoplasty.ResultsFifty‐eight subjects were studied (LHJ: n = 27, 4 boys, 23 girls; OHJ: n = 31; 6 boys, 25 girls). HHDS was present in 10 LHJ cases and 10 OHJ cases. Todani classification of choledochal cyst in LHJ patients was type 1A (n = 16) and type 4A (n = 11), and in OHJ patients, it was type 1A (n = 19) and type 4A (n = 12). There were significant differences between LHJ and OHJ with regard to mean operative time (386 vs 341 min), mean blood loss (5.9 vs 18.4 mL), recommencement of enteral feeding (3.9 vs 6.4 days), and hospital stay (11.7 vs 15.5 days) (all P < 0.05). Hepatic ductoplasty was performed in 23 LHJ patients and in 21 OHJ patients. There were no intraoperative complications and no conversions to OHJ. There were no significant differences between LHJ and OHJ, regardless of the presence of HHDS, for postoperative complications, which included minor bile leakage, anastomotic stricture, and intestinal obstruction.ConclusionLHJ is as effective as OHJ for the treatment of choledochal cysts irrespective of the presence of HHDS and the need for hepatic ductoplasty.
The CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 Polymorphisms play a Vital Role in Clopidogrel Responsiveness after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Pharmacogenomics Study
Authors: Saydam Faruk , Değirmenci İrfan , Birdane Alparslan , Özdemir Mahmut , Ulus Taner , Özbayer Cansu , Çolak Ertuğrul , Ata Necmi , Güneş Hasan Veysi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractClopidogrel inhibits platelet activation and aggregation by blocking the P2Y12 receptor. Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin is recommended treatment by current guidelines for patients undergoing percutaneous interventions. Recurrent ischaemic cardiac events after this treatment showed lack of clopidogrel responsiveness. We aimed to investigate the most noticeable variants in the genes involved in clopidogrel pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. A total of 347 Turkish patients who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions with stent implantation were included in our study. Platelet reactivity (PRU) and % inhibition were measured with VerifyNow P2Y12 assay in blood samples collected from patients who took a standard dose of clopidogrel (75 mg/day) for at least 7 days. The variants in the CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP2B6, ABCB1, ITGB3 and PON1 genes were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY system. When grouped, the patients with PRU values >208 as non‐responsiveness to clopidogrel therapy; 104 (30%) patients were non‐responders and 243 (70%) patients were responders. A significant association was found between the CYP2C19*2 (G636A) polymorphism and non‐responsiveness to clopidogrel therapy (p < 0.001). An allele frequency of this single nucleotide polymorphism was high in non‐responders; its odds ratio was 2.92 compared with G allele (p < 0.001). PRU values of CT genotypes were lower (p = 0.029) and % inhibition values of CT genotypes were higher (p = 0.008) compared with CC genotypes for the CYP2C19*17 (C806T) polymorphism. None of the other genetic variants were found to be statistically associated with non‐responsiveness to clopidogrel and antiplatelet activity. Our findings suggest that the CYP2C19*2 polymorphism is associated with non‐responsiveness to clopidogrel therapy and the CYP2C19*17 polymorphism enhances antiplatelet activity of clopidogrel. Depending on haplotypes of these two polymorphisms, clopidogrel‐treated patients can be protected or not from stent thrombosis and ischaemic events.
Modeling Nonstationarity in Space and Time
Authors: Shand Lyndsay , Li Bo 
Published: January 2017

SummaryWe propose to model a spatio-temporal random field that has nonstationary covariance structure in both space and time domains by applying the concept of the dimension expansion method in Bornn et al. (2012). Simulations are conducted for both separable and nonseparable space-time covariance models, and the model is also illustrated with a streamflow dataset. Both simulation and data analyses show that modeling nonstationarity in both space and time can improve the predictive performance over stationary covariance models or models that are nonstationary in space but stationary in time.
Concern Over Internal, External, and Incidence Validity in Studies of Child‐Care Quantity and Externalizing Behavior Problems
Authors: Dearing Eric , Zachrisson Henrik D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLiterature reviews have concluded that extensive time in early child care is associated with frequent externalizing behavior problems in children. In this article, we address three domains of validity in the work underlying these conclusions: internal, external, and incidence validity. Regarding internal validity, most studies rely on covariate‐adjusted correlations, an approach that is especially vulnerable to selection bias. In studies using more rigorous approaches to reduce selection bias, results are mixed and often inconsistent with the hypothesis that a high quantity of child care causes externalizing problems. Regarding external validity, the field has relied too heavily on U.S. samples. We call for more international replications to allow for sociopolitical variations. Regarding incidence validity, study designs have the widest relevance when structured to address the opportunities and constraints families face today. We suggest researchers ask questions about child‐care quantity that maximize validity in these three domains.
The influence of social deprivation on dental caries in Swedish children and adolescents, as measured by an index for primary health care: The Care Need Index
Authors: Östberg Anna‐Lena , Kjellström Anna N. , Petzold Max 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to examine associations between a primary Care Need Index (CNI) and dental caries experience.MethodsDental journal records for 300 988 individuals in western Sweden, aged 3‐19 years in 2007‐09, were completed with official socioeconomic information. The CNI (independent variable), originally developed for assessing primary care need, was calculated for residential areas (small areas, parishes, dental clinics) based on markers of material deprivation, sociodemographic characteristics, social instability and cultural needs. Dental caries (dependent variable) was registered using the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) system. Multilevel Poisson regression and logistic regression models were used. All analyses were adjusted for age and gender.ResultsIn the most deprived areas, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for dental caries was up to five times higher than in the most affluent areas (reference); in small areas, the IRR for decayed teeth (DT) was 3.74 (95% CI: 3.39‐4.12) and 5.11 (CI: 4.45‐5.87) for decayed surfaces approximally (DSa). Caries indices including fillings (decayed filled teeth [DFT], decayed filled surfaces approximally [DFSa]) produced lower IRRs, with similar pictures at the parish and dental clinic level. The intracluster correlation was low overall, but stronger at lower geographical levels. The odds ratios for ≥3 caries lesions in the two most deprived areas of the CNI deciles were high, with a DT OR of 3.55 in small areas (95% CI: 3.39‐3.73), compared with the eight more affluent deciles.ConclusionsThere were strong associations between an index for assessing need in primary care, the CNI and dental caries in Swedish children and adolescents.
Alterations of the outer retina in non‐arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy detected using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Ackermann Philipp , Brachert Maike , Albrecht Philipp , Ringelstein Marius , Finis David , Geerling Gerd , Aktas Orhan , Guthoff Rainer 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundA characteristic disease pattern may be reflected by retinal layer thickness changes in non‐arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy measured using spectraldomain optical coherence tomography. Retinal layer segmentation is enabled by advanced software. In this study, retinal layer thicknesses in acute and chronic non‐arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy were compared.DesignA single‐centre cross‐sectional analysis was used.ParticipantsA total of 27 patients (20 age‐matched healthy eyes) were included: 14 with acute (<7 days) and 13 patients with chronic non‐arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy.MethodsMacular volume and 12° peripapillary ring optical coherence tomography scans were used.Main Outcome MeasuresThe peripapillary thicknesses of the following layers were determined by manual segmentation: retinal nerve fibres, ganglion cells + inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer + outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer + inner segments of the photoreceptors and outer segments of the photoreceptors to Bruch's membrane. Macular retinal layer thicknesses were automatically determined in volume cubes centred on the fovea.ResultsPeripapillary retinal swelling in acute nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy was attributable to retinal nerve fibre layer, ganglion cell layer/inner plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer/segments of the photoreceptors thickening. In chronic cases, peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer, macular ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer thinning were observed.ConclusionsIn acute non‐arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, the inner and outer peripapillary retinal layers are affected by thickness changes. In chronic cases, atrophy of the ganglion cells and their axons and dendrites is evident by inner retinal layer thinning.
Surgical outcomes of trabeculectomy and glaucoma drainage implant for uveitic glaucoma and relationship with uveitis activity
Authors: Kwon Hye Jin , Kong Yu Xiang George , Tao Lingwei William , Lim Lyndell L , Martin Keith R , Green Catherine , Ruddle Jonathan , Crowston Jonathan G 
Published: January 2017

AbstractImportanceThis study provides ophthalmologists who manage uveitic glaucoma with important information on factors that can affect the success of surgical management of this challenging disease.BackgroundThis study examines surgical outcomes of trabeculectomy and glaucoma device implant (GDI) surgery for uveitic glaucoma, in particular the effect of uveitis activity on surgical outcomes.DesignRetrospective chart review at a tertiary institution.SamplesEighty‐two cases with uveitic glaucoma (54 trabeculectomies and 28 (GDI) surgeries) performed between 1 December 2006 and 30 November 2014.MethodsAssociations of factors with surgical outcomes were examined using univariate and multivariate analysis.Main Outcome MeasuresSurgical outcomes as defined in Guidelines from World Glaucoma Association.ResultsAverage follow up was 26.4 ± 21.5 months. Overall qualified success rate of the trabeculectomies was not statistically different from GDI, being 67% and 75%, respectively (P = 0.60). Primary and secondary GDI operations showed similar success rates. The most common postoperative complication was hypotony (~30%). Active uveitis at the time of operation was higher in trabeculectomy compared with GDI group (35% vs. 14%). Active uveitis at the time of surgery did not significantly increase risk of failure for trabeculectomies. Recurrence of uveitis was significantly associated with surgical failure in trabeculectomy group (odds ratio 4.8, P = 0.02) but not in GDI group.Conclusions and RelevanceSurgical success rate of GDI was not significantly different from trabeculectomy for uveitic glaucoma in this study. Regular monitoring, early and prolonged intensive treatment of ocular inflammation is important for surgical success particularly following trabeculectomy.