bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Recombinant Inbred Lines to Monitor Changes in the Race Structure of Phytophthora capsici in Chile Pepper in New Mexico
Authors: Jiang Li , Sanogo Soum , Bosland Paul W. 
Published: December 2015

Since 2008, 11 races of Phytophthora capsici have been identified in New Mexico based on their reactions to a set of host differentials, the New Mexico Recombinant Inbred Lines (NMRILs) developed by the Chile Pepper Breeding Program at New Mexico State University. The objective of this study was to appraise the current race structure of 13 isolates of P. capsici newly collected from chile pepper fields in New Mexico. Of the 13 isolates, 12 were identified as new races. Race 25 (isolate PWB175) was the most virulent isolate, and showed virulence that was higher than that of race 1 (PWB24), which is widely used as a highly virulent race for resistance testing of chile peppers in the United States, and was considered as a potential risk for chile pepper production in New Mexico. Of the 17 NMRILs tested, only 7 were needed for the identification of the 12 new races. The NMRILs are genetically stable including their disease reactions, and hence, are invaluable as P. capsici race differentials. A resistance index that ranges from 0 to 1 with 1 being resistant to all isolates was developed in this study. Among all the NMRILs evaluated, one NMRIL (NMRIL-R) had a low resistance index of 0.17, demonstrating its susceptibility to most of the isolates, while other NMRILs (A, B, F, O, and Z) showed medium to high levels of resistance to the P. capsici evaluated with the range of resistance index from 0.75 to 0.89. The NMRILs with a high resistance index can be a good source of resistance for chile pepper breeding programs. The results of this study prove that multiple races of P. capsici can exist in a single production field and plant breeders must be cognizant to breed for more than one race in a given production location. Accepted for publication 3 December 2015. Published 17 December 2015.
Epidemiological analysis of serum anti‐Pseudomonas aeruginosa PcrV titers in adults
Authors: Yasumoto Hiroaki , Katoh Hideya , Kinoshita Mao , Shimizu Masaru , Hamaoka Saeko , Akiyama Koichi , Naito Yoshifumi , Sawa Teiji 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTOf the various virulence mechanisms of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the type III secretion system (TTSS) has been characterized as a major factor associated with acute lung injury, bacteremia and mortality. In addition, PcrV, a component protein of the TTSS, has been characterized as a protective antigen against infection with P. aeruginosa. This study comprised an epidemiological analysis of serum anti‐PcrV titers in a cohort of Japanese adults. From April 2012 to March 2013, serum anti‐PcrV titers of 198 volunteer participants undergoing anesthesia for scheduled surgeries were measured. The median, minimum and maximum serum anti‐PcrV titers among the 198 participants were 4.09 nM, 1.01 nM and 113.81 nM, respectively. The maximum peaks in the histogram were within the anti‐PcrV 2.00–4.99 nM titer range; values for 115 participants (58.1%) were within this range. Anti‐PcrV titers were more than approximately three‐fold greater (>12 nM) than the median value in 21 participants (10.6%). Ten‐year interval age increases, history of treatment for traffic trauma, and a history of past surgery each showed statistically significant associations with higher anti‐PcrV titers (i.e., >10 nM) than did the other factors assessed by binomial analysis. This study revealed a considerable variation in anti‐PcrV titers in adult subjects without any obvious histories of infection with P. aeruginosa.
Incidence of and risk indicators for vasa praevia: a systematic review
Authors: Ruiter L , Kok N , Limpens J , Derks JB , de Graaf IM , Mol BWJ , Pajkrt E 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundVasa praevia (VP) is a rare phenomenon that is assumed to increase the risk of severe complications, including fetal death. Critical data on its incidence are lacking, so there is no rational basis for prenatal screening.ObjectivesTo review the literature on the incidence and risk indicators for VP.Search strategyWe searched OVID MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and PubMed for case–control and cohort studies on incidence and risk indicators for VP.Selection criteriaTwo reviewers selected studies and scored their methodological quality.Data collection and analysisWe calculated the mean incidence of VP. We constructed 2 × 2 tables cross‐classifying potential risk indicators against the incidence of VP to calculate common odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, using the Mantel–Haenszel method.Main resultsWe included 13 studies (two prospective cohort studies, ten retrospective cohort studies and one case–control study) reporting on 569 410 patients with 325 cases of VP. Based on ten included cohort studies providing information on the incidence, the mean incidence of VP was 0.60 per 1000 pregnancies. We identified five different risk indicators and markers for VP: second‐trimester placenta praevia, conception by assisted reproductive technologies, a bilobed or succenturiate placenta, umbilical cord insertion in the lower third part of the uterus at first‐trimester ultrasound and velamentous cord insertion. Almost 83% of the cases of VP had one or more risk indicators.Authors' conclusionsIn view of the low incidence, screening for VP in an unselected population is not advised. Targeted screening of women with one or more risk indicators as a part of routine mid‐gestation scanning should be considered.Tweetable abstractVasa praevia is more common in placenta praevia, conception by ART, velamentous cord insertion and bilobed placenta.
The epidemiology and outcomes of women with postpartum haemorrhage requiring massive transfusion with eight or more units of red cells: a national cross‐sectional study
Authors: Green L , Knight M , Seeney FM , Hopkinson C , Collins PW , Collis RE , Simpson NAB , Weeks A , Stanworth SS 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo ascertain the incidence of massive transfusion (MT) in obstetrics in the UK, and describe its management and clinical outcomes.DesignA population‐based cross‐sectional study conducted through the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS).SettingsAll UK hospitals with consultant‐led maternity units.PopulationAny pregnant woman at ≥20 weeks of gestation receiving ≥8 units of red blood cells within 24 hours of giving birth, from July 2012 to June 2013.MethodsProspective case identification through the monthly mailing of UKOSS.ResultsWe identified 181 women who had undergone MT, making the estimated incidence of MT associated with postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) 23 per 100 000 maternities (95% confidence interval 19–26) per year. The median estimated blood loss was 6 l (interquartile range 4.5–8.0 l). The majority of women presented outside working hours (63%), 40% had had previous caesarean sections and 3% had normal vaginal births without risk factors. The main cause for MT was uterine atony (40%) and the main mode of birth was caesarean section (69%). Of the 181 women, 15 received >20 units of red blood cells. In total, 45% of women underwent hysterectomy, and among all causes of PPH, placenta accreta had the highest hysterectomy rate. Two women died, 82% were admitted to intensive care/high‐dependency units, and 28% developed major morbidities.ConclusionMassive transfusion due to PPH is associated with high rates of morbidity and hysterectomy. Clinical and research efforts should focus on approaches to recognise and optimise timely resuscitation and management of these severe cases.Tweetable abstractMassive transfusion due to postpartum haemorrhage is associated with high rates of morbidity and hysterectomy.
Late Quaternary Tectonic Deformation of the Eastern End of the Altyn Tagh Fault
Authors: Zhongyuan YU , Wei MIN , Tao CHEN , Yugang LIU , Peng SU 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Quaternary activity of the faults at the eastern end of the Altyn Tagh fault, including the Dengdengshan–Chijiaciwo, Kuantanshan and Heishan faults, was studied on the basis of interpretation of satellite images, trenching, geomorphologic offset measurements and dating. The Altyn Tagh fault has extended eastwards to Kuantanshan Mountain. The left–slip rates of the Altyn Tagh fault decreased through the Qilianshan fault and were transformed into thrust and folds deformation of many NW– trending faults within the Jiuxi basin. Meanwhile, under NE–directed compression of the Tibetan plateau, thrust dominated the Dengdengshan–Chijiaciwo fault northeast of the Kuantanshan uplift with a rate lower than that of every fault in the Jiuxi basin south of the uplift, implying that tectonic deformation is mainly confined to the plateau interior and the Hexi Corridor area. From continual northeastward enlargement of the Altyn Tagh fault, the Kuantanshan uplift became a triangular wedge intruding to the east, while the Kuantanshan area at the end of this wedge rose up strongly. In future, the Altyn Tagh fault will continue to spread eastward along the Heishan and Jintananshan faults. The results have implications for understanding the propagation of crustal deformation and the mechanism of the India–Eurasian collision.
Geochronology and Geochemical Characteristics of Intrusion in the Jinchangliang Gold Deposit, Inner Mongolia and Their Tectonic Significance
Authors: Zhenjun SUN , Guosheng SUN , Henan YU , Yi TIAN , Shanli LIU , Zhu XIANG , Jian MENG , Huaiyu XUE , Lina LU 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDiscovered and mined in recent years, the Jinchangliang gold deposit has not yet been studied in its genetic type. In this paper, the geological features of ore deposit, S isotopic composition, metallogenic age and elements geochemical of the granite closely related to mineralization were discussed. The results of the geological features of ore deposit and S isotopic composition show that ore‐bearing hydrothermal solution was closely related with the intrusion of magmatic. The granite is characteristic of high silica SiO2=72.38%–72.98%, high aluminum and Al2O3=14.22%–14.35%, low calcium CaO=0.16% –0.26%, and low value of FeOT/MgO (6.86–7.73), and rich in alkalis Na2O+K2O=9.11%–9.24%, suggesting that it is high‐K calc‐alkaline, highly fractionated, weak aluminum A‐type granite. The REE patterns are inclined to right and show intense fractionation between LREE and HREE, without obvious negative Eu anomaly (δEu=0.80–0.84). The primitive mantle‐normalized spidergrams are characterized by depletion of Ba, U, Ta, Nb, Zr, Ti and P, which implies that the granite has the characteristics of the crust‐mantle mixing. S isotopes also indicate that the material source of gold deposit is closely related to the granite rocks. The LA‐ICP‐MS Zircon U‐Pb age of the Damiao rock mass medium‐fine grained monzogranite (belonging to the early Indo‐China) is (245±1) Ma. It shows that Jinchangliang gold deposit was not formed in Yanshanian, but the early Indo‐China. Specifically speaking, the deposit was formed in the collision stage of the North China plate and the Siberian plate.
20 Years Advances in Preparation of Potassium Salts from Potassic Rocks: A Review
Authors: Hongwen MA , Jing YANG , Shuangqing SU , Meitang LIU , Hong ZHENG , Yingbin WANG , Hongbin QI , Pan ZHANG , Wengui YAO 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLong‐term research on key techniques of clean utilization of potassic rocks from over twenty localities has been performed to settle the shortage of soluble potassium resources in China. The results show that K‐feldspar as the principal mineral enriched in potassium could be decomposed in the media of Ca(OH)2, NaOH, KOH‐H2O solution via hydrothermal treatment, into tobermorite, hydroxyl‐cancrinite, and kalsilite respectively. By further processing, these compounds are feasible for being as slow‐release carrier of potassium nitrate, extracting alumina, and preparing farm‐oriented fertilizers of potassium sulphate and nitrate. Correspondingly, the filtrate is KOH, (Na, K)2SiO3, and K2SiO3 solution, from which potassium carbonate, sulphate, nitrate, and phosphate could be easily fabricated. As NaOH and KOH are recycled in the processing chains by causticizing sodium and/or potassium metasilicate solutions, the hydrothermal alkaline techniques as developed in this research have several advantages as lower consumption of disposable mineral resources and energy, maximized utilization of potassic mineral resources, as well as clean productions etc. Based on the approaches presented in this paper, the technical system of efficiently utilizing insoluble potassium resources has been established. The hydrothermal alkaline methods are feasible to be industrialized on a large scale, thus resulting in decreasing imports of potash fertilizers, improving the pattern of potassium fertilizer consumption, and enhancing the supplying guarantee of potassium resource in China.
Reproductive outcomes following hydroxychloroquine use for autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kaplan Yusuf Cem , Ozsarfati Jak , Nickel Cheri , Koren Gideon 
Published: December 2015

AimsThe objective of this meta‐analysis was to determine whether gestational use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for autoimmune disorders leads to an increase in the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched from inception to November 21 2014. Studies which reported the outcomes of pregnant women after exposure to HCQ during pregnancy and including a control (unexposed) group were included. Two independent reviewers carried out the review and the quality assessment using the Methodological Index for Non‐Randomized Studies (MINORS). A random effects method was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) for the outcomes.ResultsThe meta‐analysis reported no significant increases in rates of major congenital (OR 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59, 2.17), craniofacial (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.13, 3.03), cardiovascular (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.29, 3.86), genitourinary (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.42, 4.53), nervous system malformations (OR 1.81, 95% CI 0.31, 10.52), stillbirth (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.35, 1.34), low birth weight (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.21, 2.27) or prematurity (OR 1.75, 95% CI 0.95, 3.24). The rate of spontaneous abortions, however, was found to be significantly increased in HCQ exposed pregnancies (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.10, 3.13). No significant heterogeneity was detected among the studies for the evaluated outcomes except prematurity.ConclusionsPrenatal exposure to HCQ for autoimmune diseases does not appear to increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes except spontaneous abortion rate, which may be associated with the underlying disease activity (bias by indication) and needs further investigation.
ClassPrep: A peer review system for class preparation
Authors: Park Jooyong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractClass preparation is recommended by instructors in most college courses, but checking whether a student does so is not easy. A new blended learning system, named ClassPrep, has been proposed and implemented. The usability of the system was examined for two undergraduate psychology courses: one advanced course (n = 11) and one introductory course (n = 59). In these courses, students were required to prepare for class through a series of activities. The first activity was to write a one‐page essay based on the assigned reading material. Another activity was to come up with three questions related to the material. The third activity was to review four essays written by peers, which were delivered by the ClassPrep system anonymously. The last activity was to evaluate peer review scores and comments. All these activities were to be done before class. During class, lectures were minimized. Instead, the students and the instructor worked together to answer some of the questions raised, discuss some other questions and review a few selected essays. Analyses of the survey on the system and the official course evaluation revealed that students' responses to the system were positive overall. The implications of the results and future research directions are discussed.
Urology technical and non‐technical skills development: the emerging role of simulation
Authors: Rashid Prem , Gianduzzo Troy R.J. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo review the emerging role of technical and non‐technical simulation in urological education and training.MethodA review was conducted to examine the current role of simulation in urology training. A PUBMED search of the terms ‘urology training’, ‘urology simulation’ and ‘urology education’ revealed 11 504 titles. Three hundred and fifty‐seven abstracts were identified as English language, peer reviewed papers pertaining to the role of simulation in urology and related topics. Key papers were used to explore themes. Some cross‐referenced papers were also included.ResultsThere is an ongoing need to ensure that training time is efficiently utilised while ensuring that optimal technical and non‐technical skills are achieved. Changing working conditions and the need to minimise patient harm by inadvertent errors must be taken into account. Simulation models for specific technical aspects have been the mainstay of graduated step‐wise low and high fidelity training. Whole scenario environments as well as non‐technical aspects can be slowly incorporated into the curriculum. Doing so should also help define what have been challenging competencies to teach and evaluate. Dedicated time, resources and trainer up‐skilling are important. Concurrent studies are needed to help evaluate the effectiveness of introducing step‐wise simulation for technical and non‐technical competencies.ConclusionSimulation based learning remains the best avenue of progressing surgical education. Technical and non‐technical simulation could be used in the selection process. There are good economic, logistic and safety reasons to pursue the process of ongoing development of simulation co‐curricula. While the role of simulation is assured, its progress will depend on a structured program that takes advantage of what can be delivered via this medium. Overall, simulation can be developed further for urological training programs to encompass technical and non‐technical skill development at all stages, including recertification.
Early loading of titanium dental implants with an intra‐operatively conditioned hydrophilic implant surface after 21 days of healing
Authors: Hicklin Stefan Paul , Schneebeli Esther , Chappuis Vivianne , Janner Simone Francesco Marco , Buser Daniel , Brägger Urs 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present observational medical device performance study was to test whether implants with an intra‐operatively conditioned hydrophilic surface can be safely reconstructed when applying an early loading protocol after 21 days in partially edentulous posterior mandibles.Material and methodsPartially edentulous patients with missing teeth in the posterior mandible were recruited. Immediately after implant placement, the implant position was indexed using a pickup impression technique. ISQ values were measured after 21 days of healing. When ISQ values were ≥70, the implants were directly restored with provisional reconstructions in occlusal contact allowing an early loading protocol. ISQ values were repeated again at 1, 3, and 6 months postloading. Clinical parameters (mPLI, mSBI, PPD, DIM, and CAL) were assessed. Standardized periapical radiographs were obtained after surgery, at implant loading and 3 and 6 months later. Changes over time were analyzed for statistical significance using the nonparametric method by Brunner & Langer (SAS Proc Mixed).ResultsFifteen partially edentulous patients with healed sites in the posterior mandible received 20 implants. All implants healed uneventfully. At 21 days, all implants achieved an ISQ value of ≥70 (mean of 3 measurements) and were reconstructed at this time point with provisionals. ISQ values showed a gradual increase from baseline to 3 and 6 months postloading. The assessment of clinical parameters revealed stable tissue integration. The evaluation of the radiographs showed that 3 and 6 months after loading the median mesial and distal marginal bone levels had stabilized at the border between the rough surface and the 1‐mm machined implant collar.ConclusionFunctional occlusal loading of implants with a hydrophilic, moderately rough endosseal surface 3 weeks after placement appears to be a safe and predictable treatment option in healed sites in the posterior mandible without need of bone augmentation procedures.
Tissue elasticity of in vivo skeletal muscles measured in the transverse and longitudinal planes using shear wave elastography
Authors: Chino Kentaro , Kawakami Yasuo , Takahashi Hideyuki 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to measure in vivo skeletal muscle elasticity in the transverse and longitudinal planes using shear wave elastography and then to compare the image stability, measurement values and measurement repeatability between these imaging planes. Thirty‐one healthy males participated in this study. Tissue elasticity (shear wave velocity) of the medial gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps brachii and rectus abdominis was measured in both the transverse and longitudinal planes using shear wave elastography. Image stability was evaluated by the standard deviation of the colour distribution in the shear wave elastography image. Measurement repeatability was assessed by the coefficient of variance obtained from three measurement values. Image stability of all tested muscles was significantly higher in the longitudinal plane (P<0·001), but measurement repeatability did not differ significantly between the imaging planes (P>0·05), except in the biceps brachii (P = 0·001). Measurement values of the medial gastrocnemius, rectus femoris and biceps brachii were significantly different between the imaging planes (P<0·001). Image stability and measurement values of shear wave elastography images varied with imaging plane, which indicates that imaging plane should be considered when measuring skeletal muscle tissue elasticity by shear wave elastography.
Fractographic analysis of austempered ductile iron
Authors: Fernandino D. O. , Boeri R. E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis investigation involves a systematic study of the fracture surfaces of two grades of austempered ductile iron (ADI) broken under quasi‐static, dynamic and cyclic loading conditions. The study used electron microscopy, optical microscopy and image post‐processing. The results show that the predominating fracture mechanism in ADI upon impact loading changes from quasi‐cleavage to ductile (with little areas of cleavage facets) as the testing temperature increases. Noticeably, even at the lower temperatures tested, the fracture surface of ADI shows clear signs of ductile fracture mechanisms. In particular, graphite nodule cavities suffer marked plastic deformation. Fracture after bending tests at room temperature was characterized by a mix of quasi‐cleavage facets, deformation of the contour of nodular cavities and microvoid coalescence. In the case of fatigue fracture at room temperature, the fracture surfaces show a flat appearance which has notorious differences with those reported for other loading conditions, but the typical fatigue striations were not found. The particular features identified on the fatigue fracture surfaces can be used to identify fatigue failures.It was also shown that the determination of the direction of main crack propagation by using the experimental methodology proposed earlier by the authors is applicable to ADI fractured by impact and quasi‐static loads.The results provide information potentially useful to fractographic analyses of ADI, particularly in samples that fail in service under unknown conditions.