bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impedance Sensor to Detect Substance Change at the Needle Tip
Authors: Helen Lisa , O'Donnell Brian D. , Messina Walter , O'Mahony Conor , Ahmed Osman M. A. , Moore Eric J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjective, reliable, accurate and cost‐effective methods for real‐time needle localization within the body are needed for many different clinical applications. Electrical impedance (EI) is a technique used to identify biological tissues and has the potential to provide real‐time needle localization during medical procedures. We have developed a needle integrated with an impedance sensor to enable needle tip impedance measurement and tissue identification. This paper details device performance as it traversed test media, gelatine and lard, at constant speeds and provides analysis of the impedance measurements taken from the needle tip. The average needle speed of forward advancement during ultrasound guided peripheral nerve block was defined and used in these experiments as a clinically relevant needle speed. Impedance was also recorded while the needle was static in bulks of the different substances. Physical change of substance at the needle tip was compared to a change in magnitude of impedance. A delay between the physical substance change and indication of a substance change by impedance was observed. On further investigation using impedance data recorded while the needle was static, limitations of current electrochemical analysers and software were identified as the cause for the delay. Impedance measured by the needle tip electrode accurately determined a change in substance. We conclude that this technology can feasibly provide data to inform substance type at the needle tip. An application in medical procedures will subsequently be evaluated.
Advances in Capillary Electrophoretically Mediated Microanalysis for On‐line Enzymatic and Derivatization Reactions
Authors: Huang Shengyun , Paul Prasanta , Ramana Pranov , Adams Erwin , Augustijns Patrick , Van Schepdael Ann 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis review summarizes recent developments, applications, and innovations of capillary electrophoretically mediated microanalysis methods. As a follow up of an earlier review, it covers the literature from early 2015 to early 2017. This article is divided into three parts. In the first part, different types of mixing procedures and applications of enzyme mediated microanalysis are discussed; the second part summarizes immobilized enzyme reactors (IMERs), while the third part deals with recent advances in on‐line derivatization reactions.
A soft computing tool for species classification and prediction of glucomannan content inAmorphophallusgenus
Authors: Banerjee Anupam , Das Priti , Mekkerdchoo Orachorn , Borompichaichartkul Chaleeda , Basu Subhadip , Nasipuri Mita , Srzednicki Georges 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe proposed work aims at designing a classification system for automatic identification ofA. muellerispecies, grown as a potential cash crop in many Asian countries, from the DNA fingerprints ofAmorphophallusgenus. Four sets of 48 DNA fingerprints belonging to 37 species of theAmorphophallusgenus, developed with the help of four different primers are considered for the experiment, with an objective to identify only the fingerprints of the species of interest. A second experimental setup deals with the automatic classification of species containing high amounts of glucomannan from the same set of DNA fingerprints of theAmorphophallusgenus. For each set of 48 DNA fingerprints generated with a specific primer, the DNA fingerprints are preprocessed to extract a 42 dimensional feature vector which is used to generate a k‐Nearest Neighbor based classifier based on the Leave One Out Cross Validation protocol. Final classification based on outputs from individual classifiers constructed with respect to the four different primers is performed according to a n‐star consensus strategy. The n‐star consensus predicts speciesA. muelleriwith cent per cent accuracy while it predicts species containing glucomannan with a more modest accuracy of 81.25%.
Temperature Control for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell based on Current Constraint with Consideration of Limited Cooling Capacity
Authors: Chen F. , Yu Y. , Gao Y. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTemperature is one of the key factors to ensure reliable and efficient performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Whereas, due to the limited cooling capacity in automotive application, conventional strategies may fail to remove the excessive heat when the cooling actuator saturates. Hence, three temperature control strategies based on current constraint are developed in this study. Firstly, a dynamic thermal model based on energy conservation is presented. Then a duty ratio split control strategy is proposed to calculate the reduced current from the excess of duty ratio of radiator, yet spike behavior occurs. Hence, a current governor control strategy and a constrained model predictive control strategy are derived to trade off the power demand and cooling capacity, where the maximum load current is calculated by current governor in real time and optimized under the physical constraints of duty ratio and current change rate, respectively. The performances of all the strategies are demonstrated. The current governor control strategy is easy to implement with less computational burden. The constrained model predictive control strategy has fast response and can take into account various constraints explicitly. Both of them have satisfying control performances regardless of limited cooling capacity.
The effect of designing parameter of WAG injection on enhancement of CO2 trapping in heterogeneous formations: A numerical study
Authors: Joodaki Saba , Yang Zhibing , Niemi Auli 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDissolution and residual trapping of CO2 injected in saline aquifers can be influenced by injection strategies applied. In this study, we focus on the water‐alternating‐gas (WAG) strategy and investigate the importance of parameters needed to design an effective WAG injection sequence, including (i) CO2 and water injection rates, (ii) WAG ratio, and (iii) number of cycles. Using TOUGH2‐ECO2N, we perform 3D numerical simulations of sequences of CO2 and water injection into a heterogeneous formation. Hysteresis in relative permeability and capillary pressure functions is considered based on the Land trapping model. Results show that to design a WAG injection in a high permeable formation, the WAG ratio and number of injection cycles are more important parameters than the CO2 and water injection rates. Increasing the total amount of water injection (i.e., decreasing the WAG ratio for given total amount of injected CO2) improves the CO2 dissolution and residual trapping. It is also shown that increasing the number of injection cycles has a negative effect on both residual and dissolution trapping as measured at the end of the injection sequence, because both the free‐phase and the dissolved CO2 plumes in the one‐cycle injection scenario reach farther distances and occupy larger reservoir volumes than in the multi‐cycle injection. This result means that while water injection following the CO2 injection improves trapping in comparison with the CO2‐only injection strategy, the WAG scheme with multiple cycles should not be chosen to enhance trapping for the scenario considered in this study. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on filtration patterns of supercritical CO2 fracturing in unconventional natural gas reservoirs
Authors: Wang Jintang , Sun Baojiang , Wang Zhiyuan , Zhang Jianbo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTaking the supercritical CO2 (SC‐CO2) Joule–Thomson coefficient and the effects of adsorption between CO2‐shale‐CH4 into consideration, a two‐phase filtration rate calculation model of SC‐CO2 fracturing in unconventional natural gas reservoirs is proposed. With the help of an experimental apparatus of fluid filtration in shales, it has been found that the theoretical calculation and experimental measurement have an absolute error of 3.31% of the steady filtration rate under specific conditions. Under different pressure differentials between the reservoir and the fracture, the absolute average error of the calculated filtration rate is 2.53%, compared with the experimental data. The filtration of the SC‐CO2 fracturing in an unconventional natural gas reservoir is characterized by the filtration rate, which gradually decreases with time, and the rate of its decrease tends to reach equilibrium in the late stage. The funnel‐like pressure distribution occurs near the fracture during the transmission of the filtration pressure. A non‐linear relationship exists between the filtration rate and the permeability, which indicates that higher permeability enlarges the effective range of the fracturing fluid pressure as well as the invasion region. Moreover, the steady filtration rate and the pressure drop magnitude present a nearly linear increase with the increasing filtration pressure differential. In the site operation of the SC‐CO2 fracturing, the injection temperature, pressure, and pump rate can be optimized using the proposed chart. Thickening of the SC‐CO2 fracturing fluid can effectively decrease the filtration rate, and thus development of thickened SC‐CO2 fracturing fluid systems that prevent formation damage is needed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calibrated imaging reveals altered grey matter metabolism related to white matter microstructure and symptom severity in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hubbard Nicholas A. , Turner Monroe P. , Ouyang Minhui , Himes Lyndahl , Thomas Binu P. , Hutchison Joanna L. , Faghihahmadabadi Shawheen , Davis Scott L. , Strain Jeremy F. , Spence Jeffrey , Krawczyk Daniel C. , Huang Hao , Lu Hanzhang , Hart John , Frohman Teresa C. , Frohman Elliot M. , Okuda Darin T. , Rypma Bart 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) involves damage to white matter microstructures. This damage has been related to grey matter function as measured by standard, physiologically‐nonspecific neuroimaging indices (i.e., blood‐oxygen‐level dependent signal [BOLD]). Here, we used calibrated functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging to examine the extent to which specific, evoked grey matter physiological processes were associated with white matter diffusion in MS. Evoked changes in BOLD, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) were measured in visual cortex. Individual differences in the diffusion tensor measure, radial diffusivity, within occipital tracts were strongly associated with MS patients’ BOLD and CMRO2. However, these relationships were in opposite directions, complicating the interpretation of the relationship between BOLD and white matter microstructural damage in MS. CMRO2 was strongly associated with individual differences in patients’ fatigue and neurological disability, suggesting that alterations to evoked oxygen metabolic processes may be taken as a marker for primary symptoms of MS. This work demonstrates the first application of calibrated and diffusion imaging together and details the first application of calibrated functional MRI in a neurological population. Results lend support for neuroenergetic hypotheses of MS pathophysiology and provide an initial demonstration of the utility of evoked oxygen metabolism signals for neurology research. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5375–5390, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Circulating tumor cells in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Feasibility of detection and quantitation
Authors: Kawada Tomoyuki , Takahashi Hideyuki , Sakakura Koichi , Ida Shota , Mito Ikko , Toyoda Minoru , Chikamatsu Kazuaki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to present our findings that because circulating tumor cells (CTCs) exist in extremely low numbers, their detection and quantification are challenging.MethodsPeripheral blood samples were collected from 32 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and were subjected to the CellSieve Microfiltration Assay using a low‐pressure filtration system. The CTCs captured by the filter were stained with an antibody cocktail (anti‐cytokeratin (CK) 8, 18, and 19, anti‐epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), and anti‐CD45 antibodies).ResultsThe CTCs were detected in 29 of 32 patients (90.6%). Although patients with advanced disease had a significantly higher number of CTCs, the clinical N classification was not associated with the CTC count. After treatment, the CTC count showed a significant decrease.ConclusionThe CTCs were successfully detected and quantified in patients with HNSCC by using a low‐pressure filtration system equipped with precision microfilters. Further studies using a larger number of patient samples and/or molecular analysis of CTCs are warranted.
Prognostic significance of E‐cadherin and β‐catenin expression in HPV‐negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: García‐Pedrero Juana M. , García‐Cabo Patricia , Ángeles Villaronga M. , Hermida‐Prado Francisco , Granda‐Díaz Rocío , Allonca Eva , Rodrigo Juan P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this work was to investigate the prognostic significance of E‐cadherin and β‐catenin expression in surgically treated human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsConsecutive patients with oropharyngeal SCC who underwent surgical treatment between 1990 and 2009 were retrospectively collected. Immunohistochemical analysis of E‐cadherin and β‐catenin expression was performed on tissue microarrays.ResultsE‐cadherin and β‐catenin expression was evaluable in 232 cases. Low membranous E‐cadherin, low membranous β‐catenin expression, and nuclear β‐catenin expression were associated with a poorer disease‐specific and overall survival, although the differences were only significant for β‐catenin membranous expression (P = .024 and P = .016, respectively). In multivariate analysis, nodal metastasis and low membranous β‐catenin expression were significant independent predictors of reduced disease‐specific and overall survival.ConclusionLow membranous β‐catenin expression is a significant independent predictor of both reduced disease‐specific and overall survival in patients with HPV‐negative oropharyngeal SCC.
A computer‐aided approach for meningioma brain tumor detection using CANFIS classifier
Authors: Kathirvel R. , Batri K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAbnormal growth of cells in brain leads to the formation of tumors in brain. The earlier detection of the tumors in brain will save the life of the patients. Hence, this article proposes a computer‐aided fully automatic methodology for brain tumor detection using Co‐Active Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (CANFIS) classifier. The internal region of the brain image is enhanced using image normalization technique and further contourlet transform is applied on the enhanced brain image for the decomposition with different scales. The grey level and heuristic features are extracted from the decomposed coefficients and these features are trained and classified using CANFIS classifier. The performance of the proposed brain tumor detection is analyzed in terms of classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and segmentation accuracy.
Performance analysis of computer aided brain tumor detection system using ANFIS classifier
Authors: Rufus N. Herald Anantha , Selvathi D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe abrupt changes in brain cells due to the environmental effects or genetic disorders leads to form the abnormal lesions in brain. These abnormal lesions are combined as mass and known as tumor. The detection of these tumor cells in brain image is a complex task due to the similarities between normal cells and tumor cells. In this paper, an automated brain tumor detection and segmentation methodology is proposed. The proposed method consists of feature extraction, classification and segmentation. In this paper, Grey Level Co‐Occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Law's texture features are used as features. These features are fed to Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier as input pattern, which classifies the brain image. Morphological operations are now applied on the classified abnormal brain image to segment the tumor regions. The proposed system achieves 95.07% of sensitivity, 99.84% of specificity and 99.80% of accuracy for tumor segmentation.
CAREGIVER–CHILD INTERACTION, CAREGIVER TRANSITIONS, AND GROUP SIZE AS MEDIATORS BETWEEN INTERVENTION CONDITION AND ATTACHMENT AND PHYSICAL GROWTH OUTCOMES IN INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN
Authors: Warner Hilary A. , McCall Robert B. , Groark Christina J. , Kim Kevin H. , Muhamedrahimov Rifkat J. , Palmov Oleg I. , Nikiforova Natalia V. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis report describes a secondary analysis of data from a comprehensive intervention project which included training and structural changes in three Baby Homes in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. Multiple mediator models were tested according to the R.M. Baron and D.A. Kenny () causal‐steps approach to examine whether caregiver–child interaction quality, number of caregiver transitions, and group size mediated the effects of the intervention on children's attachment behaviors and physical growth. The study utilized a subsample of 163 children from the original Russian Baby Home project, who were between 11 and 19 months at the time of assessment. Results from comparisons of the training and structural changes versus no intervention conditions are presented. Caregiver–child interaction quality and number of caregiver transitions fully mediated the association between intervention condition and attachment behavior. No other mediation was found. Results suggest that the quality of interaction between caregivers and children in institutional care is of primary importance to children's development, but relationship context may play a less direct mediational role, supporting caregiver–child interactions.
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted imaging in assessing bladder cancer invasiveness and cell proliferation
Authors: Wang Fang , Wu Lian‐Ming , Hua Xiao‐Lan , Zhao Zi‐Zhou , Chen Xiao‐Xi , Xu Jian‐Rong 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundNonmuscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC, Stage T1 or lower) is treated with transurethral resection (TUR), while muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC, Stage T2 or more) requires neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radical cystectomy. Hence, preoperative differentiation is vital.PurposeTo investigate whether intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) can differentiate NMIBC from MIBC and to assess whether there were correlations between IVIM parameters and the Ki‐67 labeling index (LI).Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsThirty‐six patients diagnosed with bladder cancer confirmed by histopathological findings.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) DWI with eight b‐values ranging from 0 to 1000 s/mm2.AssessmentMolecular diffusion coefficient (D), perfusion‐related diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated by biexponential and monoexponential models fits, respectively.Statistical TestsComparisons were made between the MIBC and NMIBC group, and differences were analyzed by comparing the areas under the receiver‐operating characteristic curves (AUCs). The correlations between these parameters and Ki‐67 LI were assessed by Spearman's rank correlation analysis.ResultsThe ADC and D value were significantly lower in patients with MIBC compared to those with NMIBC (P < 0.01). No significant (P > 0.05) differences were observed in D* and f. The AUC of D value (0.894) was significantly (P < 0.05) larger than the ADC value (0.786), with sensitivities and specificities of 95% and 87.5% (D) and 80% and 68.7% (ADC), respectively. In addition, the D and ADC values were significantly correlated with Ki‐67 LI (r = –0.785, r = –0.643, respectively; both P < 0.01).Data ConclusionThe D value obtained from IVIM exhibited better performance than conventional DWI for distinguishing NMIBC from MIBC and may serve as a potential imaging biomarker for bladder cancer invasion.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1054–1060.
Deep gray matter iron measurement in patients with liver cirrhosis using quantitative susceptibility mapping: Relationship with pallidal T1 hyperintensity
Authors: Lee Song , Nam Yoonho , Jang Jinhee , Na Gun Hyung , Kim Dong Goo , Shin Na‐Young , Choi Hyun Seok , Jung So‐Lyung , Ahn Kook‐Jin , Kim Bum‐soo 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDThe liver is a central organ for the metabolism of iron and manganese and the places where those metals are commonly deposited overlap in the brain.PURPOSE/HYPOTHESISTo elucidate the relationship between pallidal T1 hyperintensity and iron deposition in the deep gray matter of liver cirrhosis patients using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).STUDY TYPERetrospective case–control studySUBJECTS: In all, 38 consecutive liver cirrhosis patients who received brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as pretransplant evaluation.FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCEQSM was reconstructed from 3D multi‐ or single‐echo phase images at 3T. T1‐weighted images were used for the assessment of pallidal hyperintensity and pallidal index (PI).ASSESSMENTPatients were divided into two groups according to the presence of pallidal hyperintensity by consensus of two radiologists. Susceptibility values were acquired for five deep gray matter structures.STATISTICAL TESTQSM measures were compared between two groups using the t‐test. We also calculated Pearson correlations between QSM measures and PI.RESULTSIn all, 26 patients showed pallidal hyperintensity (T1h group) and 12 did not (T1n group). The susceptibility of the globus pallidus (GP) in the T1h group (120.6 ± 38.1 ppb) was significantly lower than that in the T1n group (150.0 ± 35.2, P = 0.030). The susceptibility of the dentate nucleus (DN) in the T1h group (88.1 ± 31.0) was significantly lower than that in the T1n group (125.6 ± 30.6, P = 0.001). Negative correlation between the susceptibility of GP (r = –0.37, P = 0.022) and the PI, and between DN (r = –0.43, P < 0.001) and the PI was found.DATA CONCLUSIONLiver cirrhosis patients with pallidal T1 hyperintensity had lower susceptibility values in the GP and DN than those without it. This suggests a possible interaction between iron and manganese in the brains of liver cirrhosis patients.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1342–1349.