bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mining, Scraping, Training, Generating: Copyright Implications of Generative AI
Authors: Centivany Alissa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGenerative AI (GenAI) impacts the ways we create, engage with, and understand creative and intellectual works. These new forms of sociotechnical (inter)action pose challenges for existing legal regimes, ethical frameworks, and social relationships. This research undertakes an in‐depth copyright analysis of GenAI based on U.S. law, focusing on its fair use doctrine and conceptions of transformation. This work finds that courts' characterization of uses as primarily either “expressive” or “mediating” is an important, though often implicit, factor in their decisions. Furthermore, while “transformative use” has dominated fair use decisions for the past thirty years, findings from this research suggest that GenAI may usher in a renewed emphasis on the doctrine's market harms element which, in application, may be dispositive with respect to GenAI outputs. This work concludes by offering recommendations aimed at clarifying that the value of copyright arises from social and relational aspects of creative practice and sociotechnical transformation. Arguments and rationales that (over)emphasize atomization and algorithmic decontextualization of the material properties of creative works are unlikely to attend to the underlying purpose of the Act: “[t]o promote the Progress of Science and the useful Arts”.
“You Are Not Here”: Coordinating Repair under Occupation
Authors: Centivany Alissa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis research challenges dominant understandings of ubiquity, mobility, and connectivity and explores the limits ICTs through a qualitative study of a collaborative capacity‐building initiative to localize the repair of medical devices and equipment in the Gaza Strip. Dominant perceptions of ICT affordances rely upon taken‐for‐granted political, economic, and social systems that are neither universal nor guaranteed. Using a thickly descriptive, interpretivist approach, this research shows how ICTs are fundamentally insufficient to support team collaboration and meet the affective and material requisites of collaborative work under conditions of occupation. Digital networked technologies are particularly limited in their ability to create, simulate, and/or foster the interdependent conditions of presence, flow, and coordination required for cooperative work to succeed. Geopolitical borders and concomitant conditions of occupation continuously disrupt the logics of time and space between those living and working in Gaza and the “outside world”. Arbitrary and capricious fluctuations in tolerance, temporality, persistence, and permeability wrought by the ongoing siege of Gaza result in pernicious harms that are difficult or impossible to account for or correct with technical “solutions.”
Comparing Climate Change Content and Comments across Instagram Reels, TikTok, and YouTube Shorts and Long Videos
Authors: Duan Yiran , Khoury Christy , Joh Una , Smith Alex O. , Cousin Calvin , Hemsley Jeff 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSocial media plays a vital role as a communication channel for pertinent topics, including climate change. This paper investigates the content and comments of short and long‐format videos on Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube to compare climate change discourse on these platforms. Eighty videos and their respective 69,135 comments were collected and analyzed using content analysis, statistical analysis, data visualization, and social network analysis. Our findings show that in our dataset, videos in the short‐format (Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube Shorts) provide all sorts of content, while YouTube long videos only focus on educational and activism content. The short‐format videos also show different stances towards climate change, such as a climate change denier stance, while YouTube long videos do not. For comments, videos in the short‐format had less engagement compared to YouTube long videos. Our findings inform implications for both researchers and social media platform designers.
Back to the Past: A Systematic Review of Immersive Narrative in Cultural Heritage Conservation
Authors: He Xiaoyang , Wu Dan , Li Xin , Tong Xin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTImmersive narrative creates a vivid experiential environment that allows users to be participants rather than mere observers, holding immense potential in the field of cultural heritage. However, current research primarily focuses on technological applications and integration, lacking in‐depth exploration of the fusion between technology and content as well as limited user engagement. Following a systematic review methodology, this study conducted searches and two rounds of screening in 7 major databases, resulting in the inclusion of 176 studies on immersive narrative in cultural heritage conservation. The study summarizes and extracts the current state, development trajectory, trends, research methods, and key elements in this field, innovatively categorizing them into 6 core levels of research patterns while proposing corresponding optimization strategies. Additionally, this study identifies research gaps and suggests future directions, aiming to facilitate the enhancement of immersive narrative development and deepen user engagement in the cultural heritage field.
Empowering Users with ChatGPT and Similar Large Language Models (LLMs): Everyday Information Needs, Uses, and Gratification
Authors: Ju Boryung , Stewart J. Brenton 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDisruptive technologies such as ChatGPT and similar Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed mundane everyday tasks of information users since their debut in late 2022. In this study, we leverage uses and gratifications theory to test a distinct set of motivations that drive users' satisfaction and continued use intentions of ChatGPT and similar large language models. Data were collected using a national online survey of 323 adults residing in the United States. We conducted data analysis using Partial Least Squares (PLS‐SEM) to investigate both direct and indirect impact of factors on users' gratification, thereby influencing the continued utilization of these tools for everyday information seeking. Results show four motivational factors ‐ social influence, trust, personalization, and perceived usefulness ‐ that positively influence users' satisfaction or sense of gratification, impacting their intentions to continue using these tools. This is one of the few early studies of ChatGPT and other LLMs from an information science perspective.
Generative AI Search Engines as Arbiters of Public Knowledge: An Audit of Bias and Authority
Authors: Li Alice , Sinnamon Luanne 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on an audit study of generative AI systems (ChatGPT, Bing Chat, and Perplexity), which investigates how these new search engines construct responses and establish authority for topics of public importance. We collected system responses using a set of 48 authentic queries for 4 topics over 7 days, and analyzed the data using sentiment analysis, inductive coding, and source classification. Results provide an overview of the nature of system responses across these systems, and provide evidence of sentiment bias based on the queries and topics, and commercial and geographic biases in sources. The quality of sources used to support claims is uneven, relying heavily on News and Media, Business and Digital Media websites. Implications for system users emphasize the need to critically examine Generative AI system outputs when making decisions related to public interest and personal well‐being.
Nostalgia on Twitter: Detection and Analysis of a Large‐Scale Dataset
Authors: Stanley Jothiraj Fiona Victoria , Hong Lingzi , Mashhadi Afra 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNostalgia is a self‐conscious social emotion that arises from reminiscence of past memories. Collective nostalgia on social media such as Twitter has been seen as a method to comfort individuals in the status of isolation, fear, and a loss of freedom. In recent years, many studies have focused on offering analysis of nostalgic conversations to understand their impact on various domains including marketing and mental health, but little attention has been given to how to detect such conversations in the first place. This paper offers a novel large‐scale nostalgic tweets dataset. We describe our extensive methodology to create and validate this dataset using natural language processing models and Large Language Models to detect nostalgic conversations on Twitter. We demonstrate the properties of this dataset alongside analysis revealing insight into context and patterns of what/how people reminiscence about. We finish the paper by describing other research studies that our dataset enables.
“One Video Could Start a War”: A Qualitative Interview Study of Public Perceptions of Deepfake Technology
Authors: Verma Nitin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWhat is the public's perception of deepfake technology's impact on society? This study reports findings from a reflexive thematic analysis of qualitative interviews with 33 US adults. Among the themes that represent participants' perception of the technology's impact on society, the following most salient themes are reported: increase in political misinformation; increased political and ideological polarization of society; increase in the number of conspiratorial videos; increased potential of harm to marginalized groups and individuals; and children's vulnerability to being deceived via deepfakes. In addition, a summary theme collating public perspectives on positive implications of deepfake technology is presented. This study lays the groundwork for further qualitative and quantitative investigations of deepfake technology's impact on society as understood from the perspective of society's foremost constituents—people.
An Empirical Study Evaluating ChatGPT's Performance in Generating Search Strategies for Systematic Reviews
Authors: Yu Fei , Kincaide Heather , Carlson Rebecca Beth 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the performance of ChatGPT‐3.5 and ChatGPT‐4 in developing search strategies for systematic reviews. Using the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) framework, we employed a two‐round testing format for each version. In the first round, both versions displayed comparable competencies when assessed quantitatively by the PRESS measures. However, qualitative feedback from two professional health sciences librarians indicated that ChatGPT‐4 outperformed ChatGPT‐3.5, particularly in suggesting MeSH term inclusion and refining search strategy formulations. In the second round, prompts were refined based on the feedback from the previous round of testing. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluation results confirmed ChatGPT‐4's superiority. This study provides empirical evidence of advancements in language model capabilities, highlighting ChatGPT‐4's enhanced efficiency and accuracy in developing search strategies for systematic reviews.
Accessible Adventures: Teaching Accessibility to High School Students Through Games
Authors: Zhou Kyrie Zhixuan , Liu Chunyu , Shan Jingwen , Kletenik Devorah , Adler Rachel F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAccessibility education has been rarely incorporated into the high school curricula. This is a missed opportunity to equip next‐generation software designers and decision‐makers with knowledge, awareness, and empathy regarding accessibility and disabilities. We taught accessibility to students (N = 93) in a midwestern high school through empathy‐driven games and interviewed three Computer Science high school teachers and one librarian who taught programming. Accessibility education is currently insufficient in high school, facing challenges such as teachers' knowledge and conflicted curriculum goals. The students exhibited increased knowledge and awareness of accessibility and empathy for people with disabilities after playing the games. With this education outreach, we aim to provide insights into teaching next‐generation software designers about accessibility by leveraging games.
Silicon‐based Life or Carbon‐based Life? An Exploratory Study on Visual Information Source Selection of Blind or Visually Impaired Persons
Authors: Chen Huitong , Yan Hui , Wu Zhaotong , Zhao Xuefeng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe development of generative AI and Large Visual‐Language Models, has the potential to overcome the reliance of blind or visually impaired (BVI) persons on human sources for visual information. Action research and semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 19 BVI persons to explore their visual information needs and source selection. This study categorizes their needs into description, navigation, and manipulation. Accessibility, credibility, and interactivity of information sources are the primary criteria for BVI persons in information source selection. When visual task demand high accurate information, BVI persons are more likely to select human information sources due to their accessibility and credibility. When tasks are less urgent and requiring less accuracy information, the use of AI information sources increases due to the special accessibility. The purpose of the study is to understand the impact of AI on BVI persons, and provide theoretical and practical insights for the development of human‐centered AI.
Ethicizing Agency in Body Documentification
Authors: Dudak Leah T. , Youngman Tyler , Appedu Sarah , Foster Brianna 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWhile considerations of documents and data are longstanding in the tenants and practices of library and information science (LIS), the recent turn toward bodies and embodiment in the social sciences invites a critical interrogation of our assumptions about the interplay of documents, data, and bodies embedded within sociotechnical systems of power and bodily agency. In response, we begin to theorize the intersection of datafication and documentation as documentification, encapsulating how acts of datafication revoking agency results in a one‐directional superficial documentary status, producing assumptions about bodies by power systems which aim to simplify, nullify, and suppress. We initially examine documentification as it relates to practices of surveillance, BMI, and memory institutions. In doing so, we interrogate the ethical dilemmas emerging from assumptions about agency ascribed to documentified bodies. Finally, we challenge the library and information professions to imagine a world designed with putting people first that centers, rather than reduces, their agency.
Privacy Risks in the Storytelling of Open Government Data: A Study from the Perspective of User Cognitive Reasoning
Authors: Geng Ruili , Wang Yifan , Wei Qi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent years, there has been an increase in the openness of government data. Data storytelling has emerged as a means to enhance communication by transforming mundane data into easily understandable narratives. However, it is crucial to pay attention to privacy risks. This paper delves into the concept of storytelling government data, integrating cognitive reasoning and the S‐O‐R model, and evaluates privacy risks. Through comparative experiments and interviews, this study examines how users may infer sensitive information. The research reveals that storytelling data has a positive impact on users' cognition. De‐storytelling, on the other hand, can mitigate privacy risks, reduce information relevance, simplify narratives, and strike a balance between user experience and privacy. Building on this research, the paper proposes a strategy to address privacy risks, recommends strengthening privacy protection awareness from the perspectives of both users and platforms, optimizing data presentation methods, reducing the risk of sensitive information leakage, and ensuring the convenience and security of government data disclosure.
Making A PACT—Ethical Principles for Critical Community Informatics
Authors: Hackney S.E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis research proposes an ethical framework for engagement with the data collected by information institutions on and about their community members, part of a field better known as community informatics. As data collection becomes a key element of library and information patron services, it is crucial that workers have experience and training in dealing with the collection and handling of data related to their patrons. The PACT framework, which stands for Power, Access, Consent, and Trust, was developed and workshopped in LIS classrooms across three ALA‐accredited programs and aims to prepare LIS students for the types of ongoing relationships and issues they will encounter working in an institutional setting. The framework is grounded in critical theory, and takes a participatory approach towards community informatics, as well as drawing on the Codes of Ethics of three major professional organizations for cultural heritage and information professionals.
A Transitional Approach to Examine the Influences of Information Practices on Lifelong Learning
Authors: Lee Chei Sian , Yeo Rachel Qing Yu , Goh Dion Hoe‐Lian , Ang Rebecca P. , Ng Betsy 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTLifelong learning involves and engages learners at all stages of education and life. In particular, learning transitions, which represent phases when students advance to the next stage of an educational setting, are significant as they may trigger learning and development for lifelong learning. Research suggests that the learning transition process provides an opportunity to develop learning abilities that have long‐term consequences, including lifelong learning. The notion of information practices is thus applicable to examine the development of these abilities, as information practices refer to the routine ways in which students seek and interact with information to manage the changes in the information environment during the transition. Despite the significant role of information practices during transitions, limited work has been done to identify information practices that facilitate lifelong learning for students in learning transition. To fill this gap, this study conducted focus group discussions with forty‐two university students to investigate their transitions to university via the lens of information practices. A preliminary thematic analysis was conducted. Information use and evaluation were uncovered to shed light on the influences of information practices on lifelong learning during learning transitions.
My Child Does More Than Sit for Virtual Read‐Aloud: An Exploratory Human Pose Estimation Study
Authors: LeFebvre Luke , Jaromczyk Jerzy W. , Kellems Brandon N. , Tapia Andrew C. , Cahill Maria C. , Cole Averi B. , Joo Soohyung , Garcia Antonio R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTVirtual storytime programs supported young children and families when in‐person library services were discontinued in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States. These virtual storytimes offered via videoconferencing systems allowed for the inclusion of some in‐person storytime elements such as the librarian read‐aloud, and children are the target audience of these picturebook read‐alouds. Children's nonverbal behavior symbolizes a powerful clue as to when they are engaged with the read‐aloud story. What is unclear is how a child nonverbally engages with the storytime readings. This study shows how human pose detection software, OpenPose, was instrumented with custom Python scripts to track and code a preschooler's nonverbal behavior during a virtual storytime read‐aloud. Results demonstrate considerable nonverbal attentiveness and engagement by this child during the read‐aloud.
“Why Should We Care?”: Motivations of Public Librarians in the American South to Expand Civic Engagement for Racial Justice
Authors: Mehra Bharat , Black Kimberly , Williams‐Cockfield Kaurri C. , Jaber Baheya S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAn important aspect of human information behavior research is to understand the motivations of people as they interact with information and technologies to make a difference. This paper presents exploratory findings of a qualitative study of public librarians' motivations to expand civic engagement for racial justice in the American South. The geographical region is stereotypically characterized historically as being solely racially intolerant in public perceptions, scholarly discourse, political networks, and news media. This research challenges such limited notions, highlighting public librarian's logic‐based motivations to further civic engagement for racial justice in context of the nation's historical/contemporary racialized political climate. In the process, the authors acknowledge the voices/perspectives of public librarians, an often‐underrepresented group in privileged academic information behavior research. Thematic narrative analysis is explored as a strategic mode of presenting the findings.
Thematic Trends in Data Curation Literature
Authors: Murillo Angela P. , Yoon Ayoung 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe field of data curation is rapidly changing due to new developments in technologies and techniques for conducting data work. As the field of data curation evolves, researchers, practitioners, and educators need to be able to respond to these developments. One way to understand trends in a field is by examining published literature. This study first gathered data curation literature through a modified systematic literature review with the framing question, ‘What competencies, skill sets, and proficiencies are needed to conduct data curation activities?’. These literatures were then analyzed using bibliometric analysis, visual analysis of the citation data, and topic modeling to understand trends in the data curation field.
The Role of the Practitioner in Curating LGBTQIA+ Safe Spaces in Libraries
Authors: Pierson Cameron M. , Wagner Travis L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe LGBTQIA+ community has come under increasing hostility in the North America through policy and challenges to library holdings and funding. These challenges to professional jurisdiction have prompted renewed scrutiny of the library‐as‐institution's responsibility toward society and the LGBTQIA+ community specifically. Safe spaces for this community remains a nebulous and contested concept. This paper reports preliminary findings of conceptualizations of LGBTQIA+ safe spaces in scholarly and practitioner literature in library and information science. Undertaking a critical literature review, this work outlines conceptualizations of the librarian's role in cultivating safe spaces and contrasts the theme of safe spaces as consisting of in‐group safe spaces. This paper collocates discussions of sociocultural contexts informing the ideas within literature alongside critical appraisals of and tensions with lived experience of queer folks. Surfaced is the gap between the two bodies of knowledge and conceptual and practice‐oriented approaches to reduce this gap.