bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual Detection and Characterization of Non‐Electrocatalytic, Redox‐Inactive Particles in Solution by using Electrochemistry
Authors: Laborda Eduardo , Molina Angela , Batchelor‐McAuley Christopher , Compton Richard G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe fundamentals and recent examples of applications of electrochemical techniques to study individual entities in solution are overviewed. Specifically, strategies that enable rapid and simple investigation of redox‐inactive and non‐catalytic particles are highlighted, broadening the range of entities that can be examined and, therefore, the value and capabilities of electrochemistry in the field.
Strategies for Plasmonic Hot‐Electron‐Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Ghobadi Turkan Gamze Ulusoy , Ghobadi Amir , Ozbay Ekmel , Karadas Ferdi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC‐WS) was inspired by the natural photosynthesis process that utilizes sunlight energy to produce chemical energy through splitting water to form hydrogen and oxygen. One recent promising and innovative approach in this field is to implement the concept of plasmonic to PEC‐WS devices. This Review provides a systematic overview of the plasmonic and hot‐electron‐driven PEC‐WS and elucidates their possible mechanisms for plasmon‐mediated energy transfer. In the first section, we provide a brief summary of the basics of PEC‐WS and the strategies employed to maximize its conversion efficiency. Highlighting the advantages of the plasmonic‐based PEC system, in the next part we cluster our discussion based on the basics of plasmonics and the involved energy transfer mechanisms, which are classified as radiative (scattering, optical near field coupling) and nonradiative energy transfer (hot electron injection, plasmon resonant energy transfer) processes for plasmonic metal–semiconductor junctions as a photoactive material. Then, the recent research efforts in this field are categorized and discussed in three main sections: 1) nanoplasmonic units, 2) nanostructured support scaffolds, and 3) interface engineering with state‐of‐the‐art demonstrations. Finally, we conclude our Review with pointing out the challenges and perspectives of the plasmonic‐based architectures for future water‐splitting devices.
W‐Doped MoO2/MoC Hybrids Encapsulated by P‐Doped Carbon Shells for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lv Cuncai , Huang Zhipeng , Yang Qianpeng , Zhang Chi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUltrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP), as an industrially‐scalable synthetic technique used to prepare mesoporous products, has rarely been developed for accessing porous metal carbide hybrids for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we report a mesoporous hybrid consisting of tungsten (W)‐doped molybdenum oxide/molybdenum carbide (MoO2/MoC) nanoparticles encapsulated by phosphorus (P)‐doped carbon shells (W‐MoO2/MoC@PC) as an efficient electrocatalyst using this technique. The utilization of SiO2 as a hard template endows W‐MoO2/MoC@PC with a mesoporous structure, and the effective W‐doping further enhances the HER electrocatalytic performance of W‐MoO2/MoC@PC catalyst. As expected, W‐MoO2/MoC@PC shows a low overpotential (η20=208 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4 and 209 mV in 1.0 m KOH for reaching a current density of 20 mA cm−2), and good stability in both acidic and basic electrolyte, which is a promising noble‐metal‐free HER catalyst. Moreover, this facile synthesis strategy is also suitable for preparing other metal‐doped Mo‐based nanocomposites, which can be used in the fields of electrocatalytic water splitting and energy conversion.
Thiamethoxam honey bee colony feeding study: Linking effects at the level of the individual to those at the colony level
Authors: Overmyer Jay , Feken Max , Ruddle Natalie , Bocksch Sigrun , Hill Marcus , Thompson Helen 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Neonicotinoid insecticides have been used globally on a wide range of crops through seed treatment as well as soil and foliar applications and have been increasingly studied in relation to the potential risk to bees because of their detection in pollen and nectar of bee-attractive crops. The present article reports the results of laboratory studies (10-d adult and 22-d larval toxicity studies assessing the chronic toxicity of thiamethoxam to adult honey bees and larvae, respectively) and a colony feeding study, with 6 wk of exposure in an area with limited alternative forage, to provide a prewintering colony-level endpoint. The endpoints following exposure of individuals in the laboratory (10-d adult chronic no-observed-effect concentration [NOEC] for mortality 117 μg thiamethoxam/kg sucrose solution, 141 μg thiamethoxam/L sucrose solution; 22-d larval chronic NOEC 102 μg thiamethoxam/kg diet) are compared with those generated at the colony level, which incorporates sublethal effects (no-observed-adverse-effect concentration [NOAEC] 50 μg thiamethoxam/L sucrose solution, 43 μg thiamethoxam/kg sucrose solution). The data for sucrose-fed honey bee colonies support the lack of effects identified in previous colony-level field studies with thiamethoxam. However, unlike these field studies demonstrating no effects, colony feeding study data also provide a threshold level of exposure likely to result in adverse effects on the colony in the absence of alternative forage, and a basis by which to evaluate the potential risk of thiamethoxam residues detected in pollen, nectar, or water following treatment of bee-attractive crops. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:816–828. © 2017 SETAC
Solvent extraction of Pt(IV), Pd(II), and Rh(III) with the ionic liquid trioctyl(dodecyl) phosphonium chloride
Authors: Firmansyah Mochamad L , Kubota Fukiko , Goto Masahiro 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecycling of spent platinum group metals (PGMs) has attracted much attention in order to overcome the problems associated with the low natural abundance of these resources. To recycle such metals, efficient hydrometallurgical processes are required. To improve the efficiency of these processes, we have designed a new phosphonium‐based ionic liquid as an extraction solvent. This paper reports on the potential use of the ionic liquid for extraction and separation of PGMs, namely Pt(IV), Pd(II), and Rh(III).RESULTSAn ionic liquid, trioctyl(dodecyl)phosphonium chloride, P88812Cl, which was newly synthesized, showed highly efficient extraction for Pt(IV), Pd(II), and Rh(III). P88812Cl features several advantages as an extraction solvent, such as high hydrophobicity and low viscosity compared with those features of a commercial analogue, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (P66614Cl). The favorable features of our novel ionic liquid were reflected by its high extraction efficiency and low release of phosphorus from the ionic liquid into the aqueous feed solution. Stripping operations were possible, and the high reusability of the ionic liquid was confirmed.CONCLUSIONThe novel ionic liquid P88812Cl is potentially useful as an extraction solvent for PGMs. Results highlight the strengths of ionic liquids and the tuneability of their properties through design of their molecular structure. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Chronic impact of sulfamethoxazole: how does process kinetics relate to metabolic activity and composition of enriched nitrifying microbial culture?
Authors: Katipoglu‐Yazan Tugce , Ubay‐Cokgor Emine , Orhon Derin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated utilization kinetics of ammonia‐nitrogen induced by chronic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) exposure on biomass with an enriched nitrifying community. A lab‐scale activated sludge system was supplied with 100 mg COD L‐1 of peptone mixture and 50 mg N L‐1 of ammonia nitrogen at a SRT of 15 days. At steady‐state, the reactor was operated with additional daily SMX dosing of 50 mg L‐1 for 35 days. Profiles of oxygen uptake rates and nitrogen fractions obtained in respirometric/batch experiments were used for estimation of nitrification kinetics.RESULTSAcute inhibitory impact of SMX was expressed with high levels of half saturation constants and endogenous decay rates. After 35 days, half saturation constants significantly increased while higher active biomass fractions and recovered endogenous decay rates were estimated. At the end of the acclimation phase, 92% nitrification was achieved with 10 mg L‐1 SMX utilization.CONCLUSIONInterpretation of modeling results with the outcomes of molecular analysis facilitated explanation of autotrophic/heterotrophic bacteria behavior in the course of SMX exposure. Removal of SMX may be attributed to co‐metabolism with ammonia oxidation and/or activity of SMX utilizing heterotrophic bacteria. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Sustainable Catalytic Process with a High Eco‐scale Score for the Synthesis of Novel Series of Bischalcones through Claisen–Schmidt Condensation
Authors: Arafa Wael A. A. 
Published: December 2017

An efficient, sustainable, and green method for the synthesis of novel series of bischalcones was developed using an environmentally benign ionic liquid as catalyst under ultrasound irradiation. This new catalyst affords diverse bis‐α, β‐unsaturated ketones in excellent yields under ambient reaction conditions in water. Moreover, the catalyst found to be active down to 15 mol% and affords the products with up to 96% yield. The process is eco‐sustainable since this ionic liquid is ease of recovery and reuse for at least five successive cycles without diminishing of the yield and catalyst leaching. Other merits of this protocol comprise its operational simplicity, short reaction time, non‐chromatographic purification procedure, and wide functional groups tolerance. Furthermore, this catalytic system is applicable for the gram‐scale preparation of bischalcones, scoring well in a number of green metrics.
Role of negative regulation of immune signaling pathways in neutrophil function
Authors: Azcutia Veronica , Parkos Charles A , Brazil Jennifer C 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a critical role in host defense against infection and in the resolution of inflammation. However, immune responses mediated by PMN must be tightly regulated to facilitate elimination of invading pathogens without inducing detrimental inflammation and host tissue damage. Specific engagement of cell surface immunoreceptors by a diverse range of extracellular signals regulates PMN effector functions through differential activation of intracellular signaling cascades. Although mechanisms of PMN activation mediated via cell signaling pathways have been well described, less is known about negative regulation of PMN function by immune signaling cascades. Here, we provide an overview of immunoreceptor-mediated negative regulation of key PMN effector functions including maturation, migration, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species release, degranulation, apoptosis, and NET formation. Increased understanding of mechanisms of suppression of PMN effector functions may point to possible future therapeutic targets for the amelioration of PMN-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
An alternative method to measure the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide in infants
Authors: Praca Eduardo L. L. , Tiller Christina J. , Kisling Jeffrey A. , Tepper Robert S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundLung diffusion assessed by the uptake of carbon monoxide (DLCO) and alveolar volume (VA) by inert gas dilution are readily assessed in cooperative older subjects; however, obtaining these measurements in infants has been much more difficult. Our laboratory has measured DLCO and VA in sleeping infants using a mass spectrometer, which continuously measures gas concentrations, and demonstrated that infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have lower DLCO, but no difference in VA compared to full‐term controls. The mass spectrometer is expensive and lacks portability; therefore, we evaluated whether measurement of end‐expiratory alveolar gas concentrations using a gas chromatograph would provide an alternative approach.Methods(1) Using our previously digitized data for infants with BPD and full‐term controls, DLCO and VA were calculated at end‐expiration rather than between 60 and 80% of expired volume, as previously reported. (2) In a new group of infants, DLCO and VA were measured using gas concentrations obtained at end‐expiration with a mass spectrometer and a gas chromatograph.Results(1) Using end‐expiratory concentrations, infants with BPD (n = 49) had significantly lower DLCO, but similar VA compared to healthy controls (n = 34) (DLCO: 4.2 vs 4.6 mL/min/mmHg, P = 0.047; VA: 614 vs 608 mL, P = 0.772). (2) Among newly evaluated infants (n = 28), DLCO and VA obtained with a mass spectrometer and a gas chromatograph were highly correlated (R2 = 0.94 and 0.99, respectively), and were not significantly different for the two analyzers.ConclusionMeasuring DLCO and VA at end‐expiration using a gas chromatograph can provide an effective assessment of gas exchange in sleeping infants.
Dose‐response relationship between weight status and clinical outcomes in pediatric influenza‐related respiratory infections
Authors: Okubo Yusuke , Michihata Nobuaki , Uda Kazuhiro , Morisaki Naho , Miyairi Isao , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between underweight/obesity and manifestations of influenza infection remain unclear, especially in children. This study investigated the dose‐response relationships between weight status and clinical outcomes among children hospitalized with influenza‐related respiratory infections.MethodsWe obtained hospital discharge records of inpatients aged under 18 years with diagnoses of bronchitis/pneumonia and influenza, using a Japanese national inpatient database. The patients were classified as underweight, normal‐weight, overweight, or obese groups using weight‐for‐length, weight‐for‐height, and body‐mass‐index for age following World Health Organization criteria. We compared need for intensive care, 30‐day readmission, mean total hospitalization costs, and length of hospital stay across the four groups using multivariable regression models and restricted cubic spline functions.ResultsOverall, 27 771 patients were identified, including 2637 underweight, 19 701 normal‐weight, 2675 overweight, and 2758 obese patients. The underweight group showed a significantly higher 30‐day readmission (adjusted odds ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.28‐2.18) and a longer length of stay (adjusted difference, 0.23 days; 95% confidence interval, 0.12‐0.23 days) than the normal‐weight group did. No significant differences in the need for intensive care or hospitalization costs were observed across the four weight status groups. The threshold for a statistically significant association between weight status and 30‐day readmission was a z‐score for weight‐for‐length, weight‐for‐height, or BMI for age of −0.95 (17th percentile).ConclusionThese findings demonstrated that underweight status is a risk factor for repeated hospital admissions because of influenza‐related respiratory infections in children.
Molecular dynamics simulations on interaction between bacterial proteins: Implication on pathogenic activities
Authors: Mondal Manas , Chakrabarti Jaydeb , Ghosh Mahua 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe perform molecular dynamics simulation studies on interaction between bacterial proteins: an outer‐membrane protein STY3179 and a yfdX protein STY3178 of Salmonella Typhi. STY3179 has been found to be involved in bacterial adhesion and invasion. STY3178 is recently biophysically characterized. It is a soluble protein having antibiotic binding and chaperon activity capabilities. These two proteins co‐occur and are from neighboring gene in Salmonella Typhi‐occurrence of homologs of both STY3178 and STY3179 are identified in many Gram‐negative bacteria. We show using homology modeling, docking followed by molecular dynamics simulation that they can form a stable complex. STY3178 belongs to aqueous phase, while the beta barrel portion of STY3179 remains buried in DPPC bilayer with extra‐cellular loops exposed to water. To understand the molecular basis of interaction between STY3178 and STY3179, we compute the conformational thermodynamics which indicate that these two proteins interact through polar and acidic residues belonging to their interfacial region. Conformational thermodynamics results further reveal instability of certain residues in extra‐cellular loops of STY3179 upon complexation with STY3178 which is an indication for binding with host cell protein laminin.
Reverse Reconstruction and Bioprinting of Bacterial Cellulose‐Based Functional Total Intervertebral Disc for Therapeutic Implantation
Authors: Yang Junchuan , Wang Le , Zhang Wei , Sun Zhen , Li Ying , Yang Mingzhu , Zeng Di , Peng Baogan , Zheng Wenfu , Jiang Xingyu , Yang Guang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe degradation of intervertebral discs (IVD), a typical hierarchical structured tissue, causes serious neck and back pain. The current methods cannot fully reconstitute the unique structure and function of native IVD. In this study, by reverse reconstruction of the structure of native IVD and bioprinting bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers with a high‐throughput optimized micropattern screening microchip, a total IVD is created that contained type II collagen‐based nucleus pulposus (NP) and hierarchically organized and micropatterned BC‐based annulus fibrosus (AF), mimicking native IVD tissue. The artificial NP contains rat NP cells, whereas the AF contains concentrically arranged BC layers with aligned micropatterns and attached AF cells in +/−30° alternate directions between adjacent layers. Long‐term (3 months) implantation experiments on rats demonstrate the excellent structural (shape maintenance, hydration, tissue integration) and functional (mechanical support and flexibility) performance of the artificial IVD. This study provides a novel strategy for creating highly sophisticated artificial tissues.
Rationale and Design for the J-DISCOVER Study: DISCOVERing the Treatment Reality of Type 2 Diabetes in a Real-World Setting in Japan—A Protocol
Authors: Katakami Naoto , Mita Tomoya , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Hashigami Kiyoshi , Kawashima Masaru , Shimomura Iichiro , Watada Hirotaka ,   on behalf of the J-DISCOVER study group
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Introduction
It is estimated that 642 million adults worldwide will have diabetes by 2040, with 80–90% of these having type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While many new antidiabetic agents have been introduced in recent years, approximately 40% of T2DM patients still fail to achieve the recommended target HbA1c of < 7.0%. Furthermore, many patients with T2DM in Japan are treated by practitioners other than diabetes specialists; therefore, the exact treatment patterns of T2DM in Japan are difficult to quantify.

Aims
J-DISCOVER aims to address the lack of data on the management of T2DM by providing real-world data on disease management patterns and associated outcomes in a large number of Japanese T2DM patients who are initiating second-line therapy.

Design and Setting
Part of the global DISCOVER study program, J-DISCOVER will follow 2000 T2DM patients recruited from 141 sites across Japan who are aged ≥ 20 years. Recruitment began in September 2014 and follow-up will end in December 2018. The primary objective is to describe the long-term disease management patterns and clinical evolution of patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with a first-line antidiabetic therapy who initiate a second-line antidiabetic treatment. We will assess the associations between treatment patterns, including the line of antidiabetic medication used, as well as clinical and patient-reported outcomes. The primary endpoint is the mean change in HbA1c between baseline and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months in the overall population and for patients receiving each class of second-line antidiabetic treatment.

Planned Outputs
A peer-reviewed publication reporting real-world results and implications for clinical practice.

Conclusion
By enrolling and following a large number of patients with T2DM across Japan, J-DISCOVER is expected to provide important real-world clinical data for the development of future T2DM treatment guidelines.

Funding
AstraZeneca K.K. and Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka Japan.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT02226822.
Screening for Preeclampsia
Authors: Bhatt Reema Kumar , Sharma K. Aparna 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPre-eclampsia, still continues to be a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, inspite of being an active area of research. The importance of early prediction of pre-eclampsia lies in the fact that it allows for timely initiation of preventive therapy. A combination of biophysical and biochemical markers are superior to other tests for early prediction of the development of pre-eclampsia. With the inversion of pyramid of antenatal care, preeclampsia screening in the first trimester needs to become the standard of care. Researchers now talk of predicting preeclampsia even in the third trimester to increase surveillance.
A “Semiofficial” Program: New Deal Politics and the Discourse of Birth Control in California, 1939–1942
Authors: O’Reilly Kelly R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:During the later years of the Great Depression, birth control advocates in the Birth Control Federation of America (BCFA) developed a program to distribute birth control among California’s migrant workers. In order to reach the migrants, these advocates reached out to the Farm Security Administration (FSA), a New Deal agency that was establishing its own programs to “rehabilitate” migrant families. Though the top levels of the FSA were wary of becoming publicly involved with the birth control movement, they lent their tacit support to the program. The resulting “semiofficial” program to bring birth control to California’s poor relied heavily on the support of local administrators and professionals. This article examines the on-the-ground operations of this project; in doing so, it challenges the traditional top-down narrative of the New Deal and explores how the forging of alliances at the local level reshaped the political landscape.
Race or Politics? Henry Cabot Lodge and the Origins of the Immigration Restriction Movement in the United States
Authors: Gratton Brian 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:This article addresses the origins of the immigration restriction movement in the late 19th century United States, a movement that realized its aims in the early 20th. It critiques the dominant scholarly interpretation, which holds that the movement sprang from a racism that viewed the new immigrants of this period as biologically inferior. It argues first that activists did not have at hand a biological theory sufficient to this characterization and did not employ one. It argues second that the movement arose as an adroit political response to labor market competition. The Republican Party recognized the discontent of resident workers (including those of older immigrant origin) with competition from new immigrants. The Party discerned ethnic differences among new and old immigrants and capitalized on these conditions in order to win elections. Ethnocentrism and middle-class anxiety over mass immigrant added to a movement that depended on bringing working class voters into the Party.