bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the reducibility of isomorphism relations
Authors: Hyttinen Tapani , Moreno Miguel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe study the Borel reducibility of isomorphism relations in the generalized Baire space . In the main result we show for inaccessible κ, that if T is a classifiable theory and is stable with the orthogonal chain property (OCP), then the isomorphism of models of T is Borel reducible to the isomorphism of models of .
Spectrum of CFTR gene mutations in Ecuadorian cystic fibrosis patients: the second report of the p.H609R mutation
Authors: Ortiz Sofía C. , Aguirre Santiago J. , Flores Sofía , Maldonado Claudio , Mejía Juan , Salinas Lilian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundHigh heterogeneity in the CFTR gene mutations disturbs the molecular diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). In order to improve the diagnosis of CF in our country, the present study aims to define a panel of common CFTR gene mutations by sequencing 27 exons of the gene in Ecuadorian Cystic Fibrosis patients.MethodsForty‐eight Ecuadorian individuals with suspected/confirmed CF diagnosis were included. Twenty‐seven exons of CFTR gene were sequenced to find sequence variations. Prevalence of pathogenic variations were determined and compared with other countries’ data.ResultsWe found 70 sequence variations. Eight of these are CF‐causing mutations: p.F508del, p.G85E, p.G330E, p.A455E, p.G970S, W1098X, R1162X, and N1303K. Also this study is the second report of p.H609R in Ecuadorian population. Mutation prevalence differences between Ecuadorian population and other Latin America countries were found.ConclusionThe panel of mutations suggested as an initial screening for the Ecuadorian population with cystic fibrosis should contain the mutations: p.F508del, p.G85E, p.G330E, p.A455E, p.G970S, W1098X, R1162X, and N1303K.
A comparison of exogenous and endogenous CESTMRI methods for evaluating in vivo pH
Authors: Lindeman Leila R. , Randtke Edward A. , High Rachel A. , Jones Kyle M. , Howison Christine M. , Pagel Mark D. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeExtracellular pH (pHe) is an important biomarker for cancer cell metabolism. Acido‐chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI uses the contrast agent iopamidol to create spatial maps of pHe. Measurements of amide proton transfer exchange rates (kex) from endogenous CEST MRI were compared to pHe measurements by exogenous acido‐CEST MRI to determine whether endogenous kex could be used as a proxy for pHe measurements.MethodsSpatial maps of pHe and kex were obtained using exogenous acidoCEST MRI and an endogenous CEST MRI analyzed with the omega plot method, respectively, to evaluate mouse kidney, a flank tumor model, and a spontaneous lung tumor model. The pHe and kex results were evaluated using pixelwise comparisons.ResultsThe kex values obtained from endogenous CEST measurements did not correlate with the pHe results from exogenous CEST measurements. The kex measurements were limited to fewer pixels and had a limited dynamic range relative to pHe measurements.ConclusionMeasurements of kex with endogenous CEST MRI cannot substitute for pHe measurements with acidoCEST MRI. Whereas endogenous CEST MRI may still have good utility for evaluating some specific pathologies, exogenous acido‐CEST MRI is more appropriate when evaluating pathologies based on pHe values. Magn Reson Med 79:2766–2772, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Motion robust high resolution 3D free‐breathing pulmonary MRI using dynamic 3D image self‐navigator
Authors: Jiang Wenwen , Ong Frank , Johnson Kevin M. , Nagle Scott K. , Hope Thomas A. , Lustig Michael , Larson Peder E.Z. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeTo achieve motion robust high resolution 3D free‐breathing pulmonary MRI utilizing a novel dynamic 3D image navigator derived directly from imaging data.MethodsFive‐minute free‐breathing scans were acquired with a 3D ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequence with 1.25 mm isotropic resolution. From this data, dynamic 3D self‐navigating images were reconstructed under locally low rank (LLR) constraints and used for motion compensation with one of two methods: a soft‐gating technique to penalize the respiratory motion induced data inconsistency, and a respiratory motion‐resolved technique to provide images of all respiratory motion states.ResultsRespiratory motion estimation derived from the proposed dynamic 3D self‐navigator of 7.5 mm isotropic reconstruction resolution and a temporal resolution of 300 ms was successful for estimating complex respiratory motion patterns. This estimation improved image quality compared to respiratory belt and DC‐based navigators. Respiratory motion compensation with soft‐gating and respiratory motion‐resolved techniques provided good image quality from highly undersampled data in volunteers and clinical patients.ConclusionAn optimized 3D UTE sequence combined with the proposed reconstruction methods can provide high‐resolution motion robust pulmonary MRI. Feasibility was shown in patients who had irregular breathing patterns in which our approach could depict clinically relevant pulmonary pathologies. Magn Reson Med 79:2954–2967, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Foaming of trans‐polyisoprene using N2 as the blowing agent
Authors: Wang Dan , Prakashan K. , Xia Lin , Xin Zhenxiang , Zhang Zhenxiu 
Published: October 2017

Foaming of trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene (TPI) polymer was carried out through a batch process using nitrogen (N2) as the blowing agent. TPI vulcanizates having varying crosslink densities were prepared by varying crosslinking agent content and curing time. The vulcanizates were then saturated with N2 inside a pressure vessel at a pressure of 14 MPa and varying temperatures for 5 hours before effecting the foaming by rapidly quenching the pressure. The effects of varying the crosslinking agent content, silica filler content, and precuring time of the vulcanizates and the effects of varying the gas saturation temperature of foaming on the cell characteristics and physical properties of the foam prepared were investigated. The cells of the TPI foams had a spherical, closed structure. The density, expansion ratio, cell size, cell density, and tensile properties of the foams varied with varying crosslink density of the TPI vulcanizates as well as the saturation temperature of foaming. The important effects of crosslink density and saturation temperature on the N2 solubility in the TPI matrix and thus on the foam expansion were discussed. The silica filler was found to be acting as a cell nucleating agent and reinforcing filler for the TPI foams.
Controlled sub‐10‐nanometer poly(N‐isopropyl‐acrylamide) layers grafted from silicon by atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Schulz Andreas S. , Gojzewski Hubert , Huskens Jurriaan , Vos Willem L. , Julius Vancso G. 
Published: October 2017

Surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) was used to graft poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brush layers with a controllable thickness in the 10‐nm range from silicon substrates. The rate of polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide was tuned by the [Cu(II)]0/[Cu(I)]0 ratio between the deactivating and activating species. The polymer layer thickness was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ellipsometry. PNIPAM layers with a dry thickness between 5.5 and 16 nm were obtained. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) confirmed that the chemical structure is PNIPAM brushes. Analysis of the AFM data showed that our procedure leads to polymer grafts in the “mushroom‐to‐brush” transition regime.
Prevalence and clonality of synchronous primary carcinomas in the bladder and prostate
Authors: Jing Ying , Zhang Ruiyun , Ma Pengfei , Cai Mei‐Chun , Zhuang Guanglei , Chen Haige 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIncidental prostate adenocarcinoma (IPCa) has been frequently discovered during postoperative histopathological evaluation of radical cystoprostatectomy specimens in patients with bladder cancer (BCa). However, there is currently no conclusive study addressing the clinical significance of IPCa and the clonal relatedness of IPCa and BCa. Here, we performed a retrospective single‐center review of 919 BCa cases and an additional meta‐analysis including a total of 19 868 individuals who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. IPCa, mostly clinically insignificant, was detected in 67 of 919 BCa patients (7.3%) and was significantly associated with greater age. In the meta‐analysis, a lower prevalence was observed in Asian than in non‐Asian countries (19% versus 32%), presumably due to their different rates of prostate cancer occurrence. Whole‐exome sequencing on matched BCa and IPCa samples unambiguously revealed independent clonal origins of the synchronous tumors. BCa and IPCa lesions from each patient displayed distinctive genomic abnormalities and largely unrelated mutational signatures of single nucleotide variations, indicating disparate mutational processes underlying bladder and prostate oncogenesis. These findings provide important insights into the incidental nature of prostate adenocarcinoma in patients with bladder cancer, and suggest that the two concurrent diseases can be managed separately. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How are multifactorial beliefs about the role of genetics and behavior in cancer causation associated with cancer risk cognitions and emotions in the US population?
Authors: Hamilton Jada G. , Waters Erika A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivePeople who believe that cancer has both genetic and behavioral risk factors have more accurate mental models of cancer causation and may be more likely to engage in cancer screening behaviors than people who do not hold such multifactorial causal beliefs. This research explored possible health cognitions and emotions that might produce such differences.MethodsUsing nationally representative cross‐sectional data from the US Health Information National Trends Survey (N = 2719), we examined whether endorsing a multifactorial model of cancer causation was associated with perceptions of risk and other cancer‐related cognitions and affect. Data were analyzed using linear regression with jackknife variance estimation and procedures to account for the complex survey design and weightings.ResultsBivariate and multivariable analyses indicated that people who endorsed multifactorial beliefs about cancer had higher absolute risk perceptions, lower pessimism about cancer prevention, and higher worry about harm from environmental toxins that could be ingested or that emanate from consumer products (Ps < .05). Bivariate analyses indicated that multifactorial beliefs were also associated with higher feelings of risk, but multivariable analyses suggested that this effect was accounted for by the negative affect associated with reporting a family history of cancer. Multifactorial beliefs were not associated with believing that everything causes cancer or that there are too many cancer recommendations to follow (Ps > .05).ConclusionHolding multifactorial causal beliefs about cancer are associated with a constellation of risk perceptions, health cognitions, and affect that may motivate cancer prevention and detection behavior.
The ARTEMIS under‐ice AUV docking system
Authors: Kimball Peter W. , Clark Evan B. , Scully Mark , Richmond Kristof , Flesher Chris , Lindzey Laura E. , Harman John , Huffstutler Keith , Lawrence Justin , Lelievre Scott , Moor Joshua , Pease Brian , Siegel Vickie , Winslow Luke , Blankenship Donald D. , Doran Peter , Kim Stacy , Schmidt Britney E. , Stone William C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe ARTEMIS docking system demonstrates autonomous docking capability applicable to robotic exploration of sub‐ice oceans and sub‐glacial lakes on planetary bodies, as well as here on Earth. In these applications, melted or drilled vertical access shafts restrict vehicle geometry as well as the in‐water infrastructure that may be deployed. The ability of the vehicle to return reliably and precisely to the access point is critical for data return, battery charging, and/or vehicle recovery. This paper presents the mechanical, sensor, and software components that make up the ARTEMIS docking system, as well as results from field deployment of the system to McMurdo Sound, Antarctica in the austral spring of 2015. The mechanical design of the system allows the vehicle to approach the dock from any direction and to pitch up after docking for recovery through a vertical access shaft. It uses only a small volume of in‐water equipment and may be deployed through a narrow vertical access shaft. The software of the system reduces position estimation error with a hierarchical combination of dead reckoning, acoustic aiding, and machine vision. The system provides critical operational robustness, enabling the vehicle to return autonomously and precisely to the access shaft and latch to the dock with no operator input.
DNA Mismatch Repair Deficiency Promotes Genomic Instability in a Subset of Papillary Thyroid Cancers
Authors: Javid Mahsa , Sasanakietkul Thanyawat , Nicolson Norman G. , Gibson Courtney E. , Callender Glenda G. , Korah Reju , Carling Tobias 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundEfficient DNA damage repair by MutL‐homolog DNA mismatch repair (MMR) enzymes, MLH1, MLH3, PMS1 and PMS2, are required to maintain thyrocyte genomic integrity. We hypothesized that persistent oxidative stress and consequent transcriptional dysregulation observed in thyroid follicles will lead to MMR deficiency and potentiate papillary thyroid tumorigenesis.MethodsMMR gene expression was analyzed by targeted microarray in 18 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 9 paracarcinoma normal thyroid (PCNT) and 10 normal thyroid (NT) samples. The findings were validated by qRT‐PCR, and in follicular thyroid cancers (FTC) and follicular thyroid adenomas (FTA) for comparison. FOXO transcription factor expression was also analyzed. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Genomic integrity was evaluated by whole‐exome sequencing‐derived read‐depth analysis and Mann–Whitney U test. Clinical correlations were assessed using Fisher’s exact and t tests.ResultsMicroarray and qRT‐PCR revealed reduced expression of all four MMR genes in PTC compared with PCNT and of PMS2 compared with NT. FTC and FTA showed upregulation in MLH1, MLH3 and PMS2. PMS2 protein expression correlated with the mRNA expression pattern. FOXO1 showed lower expression in PMS2‐deficient PTCs (log2‐fold change −1.72 vs. −0.55, U = 11, p < 0.05 two‐tailed). Rate of LOH, a measure of genomic instability, was higher in PMS2‐deficient PTCs (median 3 and 1, respectively; U = 26, p < 0.05 two‐tailed). No correlation was noted between MMR deficiency and clinical characteristics.ConclusionsMMR deficiency, potentially promoted by FOXO1 suppression, may explain the etiology for PTC development in some patients. FTC and FTA retain MMR activity and are likely caused by a different tumorigenic pathway.
A new hybodont shark (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Triassic Tiki Formation of India with remarks on its dental histology and biostratigraphy
Authors: Bhat Mohd Shafi , Ray Sanghamitra , Datta P. M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA new lonchidiid genus,Pristrisodus, from the Upper Triassic Tiki Formation of India is described based on multiple, well-preserved, isolated teeth. Comparative analysis resulted in synonymizingParvodus tikiensisandLissodus duffini,which are known from the same horizon and resulted in a new taxon,Pristrisodus tikiensisn. comb. These teeth are elongated with mesiodistal length greater than or equal to twice the labiolingual width and have a high principal cusp, lateral cusplets, a distinct ridge near the crown-root junction labially and higher up on the crown lingually, weak ornamentation, and linear depression along the crown-root junction. Five morphotypes based on overall shape, robustness and crown height are determined. The teeth show a gradual monognathic heterodonty. The anterolateral teeth (morphotypes I−II) have high, pyramidal principal cusp with two or three small but pointed cusplets, and triangular labial and lingual protuberance. The posterolateral teeth (morphotypes III−IV) have four incipient cusplets, relatively low principal cusp, bilobed/rounded, hanging labial and incipient lingual protuberances. Morphotype V comprises anterior teeth that are broad, triangular and robust, and have rounded/blunt principal cusp, one cusplet, and low, hanging labial peg. Multivariate analyses corroborate the qualitative assessment of the Indian hybodonts. Dental histology ofPristrisodusn. gen., shows that it is distinctly different from other lonchidiid genera. The assemblage of freshwater sharks, along with other vertebrate microfossils of the Tiki Formation, shows similarity with that of the lower Tecovas Formation of the Chinle Group, USA. The euryhaline nature resulted in the adaptation of the hybodonts to freshwater systems in India during the Carnian.
The politics of cognition: liberalism and the evolutionary origins of Victorian education
Authors: EDDY MATTHEW DANIEL 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn recent years the historical relationship between scientific experts and the state has received increasing scrutiny. Such experts played important roles in the creation and regulation of environmental organizations and functioned as agents dispatched by politicians or bureaucrats to assess health-related problems and concerns raised by the public or the judiciary. But when it came to making public policy, scientists played another role that has received less attention. In addition to acting as advisers and assessors, some scientists were democratically elected members of local and national legislatures. In this essay I draw attention to this phenomenon by examining how liberal politicians and intellectuals used Darwinian cognitive science to conceptualize the education of children in Victorian Britain.
A learned artisan debates the system of the world: Le Clerc versus Mallemant de Messange
Authors: RABINOVITCH ODED 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSébastien Le Clerc (1637–1714) was the most renowned engraver of Louis XIV's France. For the history of scientific publishing, however, Le Clerc represents a telling paradox. Even though he followed a traditional route based on classic artisanal training, he also published extensively on scientific topics such as cosmology and mathematics. While contemporary scholarship usually stresses the importance of artisanal writing as a direct expression of artisanal experience and know-how, Le Clerc's publications, and specifically the work on cosmology in hisSystème du monde(1706–1708), go far beyond this. By reconstructing the debate between Le Clerc and the professor Mallemant de Messange on the authorship of this ‘system of the world’, this article argues that Le Clerc's involvement in publishing ventures shaped his identity both as an artisan and as a scientific author. Whereas the Scientific Revolution supposedly heralded a change from the world of ‘more or less’ to the ‘world of precision’, this article shows how an artisan could be more ‘precise’ than the learned scholar whose claims he disputed, and points to the importance of the literary field as a useful lens for observing the careers of early modern scientific practitioners.
Effects of microencapsulatedLactobacillus plantarumLIP-1 on the gut microbiota of hyperlipidaemic rats
Authors: Song Jiao J. , Tian Wen J. , Kwok Lai-Yu , Wang Ya L. , Shang Yi N. , Menghe Bilige , Wang Jun G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThein vivoeffects of administering free and microencapsulatedLactobacillus plantarumLIP-1 cells (2·0×109colony-forming units/d) were evaluated in high-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidaemic rats. Results from real-time quantitative PCR targeting to LIP-1 cells showed a higher colon colonisation count of LIP-1 in the rats receiving microencapsulated cells compared with free cells (P<0·05). Moreover, the microencapsulated LIP-1 treatment resulted in a more obvious lipid-lowering effect (P<0·05). Meanwhile, their faecal samples had significantly less lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria (especiallyBilophila,SutterellaandOscillibacter) and mucosa-damaging bacteria (BilophilaandAkkermansia muciniphila), whereas significantly more SCFA-producing bacteria (P<0·05) (namelyLactobacillus,Alloprevotella,Coprococcus,EubacteriumandRuminococcus) and bacteria that potentially possessed bile salt hydrolase activity (Bacteroides,Clostridium,EubacteriumandLactobacillus), and other beneficial bacteria (AlistipesandTuricibacter). Further, Spearman’s correlation analysis showed significant correlations between some of the modulated gut bacteria and the serum lipid levels. These results together confirm that microcapsulation enhanced the colon colonisation of LIP-1 cells, which subsequently exhibited more pronounced effects in improving the gut microbiota composition of hyperlipidaemic rats and lipid reduction.
Sociodemographic inequalities in the management of depression in adults aged 55 and over: an analysis of English primary care data
Authors: Walters K. , Falcaro M. , Freemantle N. , King M. , Ben-Shlomo Y. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe do not know how primary care treatment of depression varies by age across both psychotropic medication and psychological therapies.MethodsCohort study including 19 710 people aged 55+ with GP recorded depression diagnoses and 26 276 people with recorded depression symptoms during the period 2009–2013, from 373 General Practices in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database in England. Main outcomes were initiation of treatment with anti-depressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, anti-psychotic drugs, referrals to psychological therapies within 6 months of onset.ResultsTreatment rates with antidepressants are high for those recorded with new depression diagnoses (87.1%) or symptoms of depression (58.7%). Treatment in those with depression diagnoses varies little by age. In those with depressive symptoms there was a J-shaped pattern with reduced antidepressant treatment in those in their 60s and 70s followed by increased treatment in the oldest age groups (85+ years), compared with those aged 55–59 years. Other psychotropic drug prescribing (hypnotics/anxiolytics, antipsychotics) all increase with increasing age. Recorded referrals for psychological therapies were low, and decreased steadily with increasing age, such that women aged 75–79 years with depression diagnoses had around six times lower odds of referral (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.1–0.29) than those aged 55–59 years, and men aged 80–84 years had around seven times lower (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05–0.36).ConclusionsThe oldest age groups with new depression diagnoses and symptoms have fewer recorded referrals to psychological therapies, and higher psychotropic drug treatment rates in primary care. This suggests potential inequalities in access to psychological therapies.