bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical investigations on radiation generation of TEM, linearly or circularly polarized TEn1 coaxial waveguide mode in relativistic magnetron
Authors: Shi Di-Fu , Qian Bao-Liang , Wang Hong-Gang , Li Wei , Du Guang-Xing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe physical mechanism of the radiation generation of all possible output modes of the relativistic magnetron (RM) with all cavity-magnetron axial extraction technique is theoretically analysed, and the necessary conditions for generating these modes are obtained respectively. Assuming that n0 is the number of the electron spokes, N ≥ 4 as the total number of the cavities is an even number, and k is a nonnegative integer, some conclusions can be drawn as follows. If n0 = kN is true, no mode can be excited in the coaxial waveguide; if n0 = (2k + 1)N/4 is true, the linearly polarized modes can be excited in the coaxial waveguide; if n0 = (4k + 2)N/4 is true, the TEM mode and the linearly polarized modes can be excited in the coaxial waveguide; if n0 takes other value, the left and right circularly polarized modes can be excited in the coaxial waveguide and the directions of rotation of the circularly polarized modes can be reversed with the reversion of the direction of rotation of the electron spokes; in addition, some other regular characteristics of the corresponding mode excitation are presented in detail in this paper. Such unique attractive properties that have been verified by the cold and hot simulations in this paper make it possible for this type of RM to meet application requirements of various high power microwave (HPM) modes.
Molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of the slp76 signalosome
Authors: Qu Xuemei , Lan Xin , Deng Chong , Zhou Jiatao , Du Jingjing , Huang Shengfeng , Li Yingqiu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe well-defined mammalian slp76-signalosome is crucial for T-cell immune response, yet whether slp76-signalosome exists in invertebrates and how it evolved remain unknown. Here we investigated slp76-signalosome from an evolutionary perspective in amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri (bb). We proved slp76-signalosome components bbslp76, bbGADS and bbItk are present in amphioxus and bbslp76 interacts with bbGADS and bbItk, but differences exist between the interaction manners within slp76-signalosome components of amphioxus and human (h). Specifically, bbslp76 has a unique WW-domain that blocked its association with hItk and decreased TCR-induced tyrosine-phosphorylation and NFAT-activation. Deletion of WW-domain shifted the constitutive association between bbslp76 and hPLCγ1 to a TCR-enhanced association. Among slp76-signalosome, the interaction between slp76 and PLCγ1 is the most conserved and the binding between Itk and slp76 evolved from constitutive to stimulation-regulated. Sequence alignment and 3D structural analysis of slp76-signalosome molecules from keystone species indicated slp76 evolved into a more unfolded and flexible adaptor due to lack of WW-domain and several low-complexity-regions (LCRs) while GADS turned into a larger protein by a LCR gain, thus preparing more space for nucleating the coevolving slp76-signalosome. Altogether, through deletion of WW-domain and manipulation of LCRs, slp76-signalosome evolves from a rigid and stimulation-insensitive to a more flexible and stimulation-responding complex.
Serum and Synovial Fluid Interleukin-6 for the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Xie Kai , Dai Kerong , Qu Xinhua , Yan Mengning 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA gold standard for diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) has not yet been established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum and synovial fluid interleukin (IL)-6 levels for PJI. The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies describing PJI diagnosis using serum and synovial fluid IL-6 and published between January 1990 and October 2016. Seventeen studies were included in the analysis. The pooled sensitivities of serum and synovial fluid IL-6 were 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–0.80) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.82–0.96), respectively. The pooled specificities of serum and synovial fluid IL-6 were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.77–0.95) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84–0.95), respectively. The pooled diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) of serum and synovial fluid IL-6 were 20 (95% CI: 7–58) and 101 (95% CI: 28–358), respectively, and the pooled areas under the curve (AUCs) were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.79–0.86) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94–0.98), respectively. Synovial fluid IL-6 had high diagnostic value for PJI. Although serum IL-6 test was less sensitive than synovial fluid IL-6 test, it may be regularly prescribed for patients with prosthetic failure owing to its high specificity.
Let’s talk about Secs: Sec61, Sec62 and Sec63 in signal transduction, oncology and personalized medicine
Authors: Linxweiler Maximilian , Schick Bernhard , Zimmermann Richard 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe heterotrimeric Sec61 complex and the dimeric Sec62/Sec63 complex are located in the membrane of the human endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and play a central role in translocation of nascent and newly synthesized precursor polypeptides into the ER. This process involves targeting of the precursors to the membrane and opening of the polypeptide conducting Sec61 channel for translocation. Apart from this central role in the intracellular transport of polypeptides, several studies of the last decade uncovered additional functions of Sec proteins in intracellular signaling: Sec62 can induce ER-phagy in the process of recovery of cells from ER stress and the Sec61 channel can also act as a passive ER calcium leak channel. Furthermore, mutations, amplifications and an overexpression of the SEC genes were linked to various diseases including kidney and liver diseases, diabetes and human cancer. Studies of the last decade could not only elucidate the functional role of Sec proteins in the pathogenesis of these diseases, but also demonstrate a relevance of Sec62 as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in head and neck cancer, prostate and lung cancer including a basis for new therapeutic strategies. In this article, we review the current understanding of protein transport across the ER membrane as central function of Sec proteins and further focus on recent studies that gave first insights into the functional role and therapeutic relevance of Sec61, Sec62 and Sec63 in human diseases.
Power‐efficient flash ADC with complementary voltage‐to‐time converter
Authors: Oh D.‐R. , Jo D.‐S. , Moon K.‐J. , Roh Y.‐J. , Ryu S.‐T. 
Published: April 2017

A power‐efficient complementary voltage‐to‐time converter (CVTC) is proposed for a flash ADCs. The alternating reset direction according to the signal development direction reduces the power consumed by the reset operation and the operational frequency of the CVTC is effectively reduced by half. Accordingly, the logic circuits following the CVTC work in a time‐interleaved manner, resulting in significant power saving. A 5‐bit 2.5 GS/s flash ADC designed for a 40 nm CMOS process shows a 27% power reduction over the conventional voltage‐to‐time conversion‐based flash ADC.
Computerized Auditory Training in Students: Electrophysiological and Subjective Analysis of Therapeutic Effectiveness
Authors: Melo Ândrea , Mezzomo Carolina , Garcia Michele , Biaggio Eliara Pinto 
Published: April 2017

Introduction Computerized auditory training (CAT) has been building a good reputation in the stimulation of auditory abilities in cases of auditory processing disorder (APD).
Objective To measure the effects of CAT in students with APD, with typical or atypical phonological acquisition, through electrophysiological and subjective measures, correlating them pre- and post-therapy.
Methods The sample for this study includes14 children with APD, subdivided into children with APD and typical phonological acquisition (G1), and children with APD and atypical phonological acquisition (G2). Phonological evaluation of children (PEC), long latency auditory evoked potential (LLAEP) and scale of auditory behaviors (SAB) were conducted to help with the composition of the groups and with the therapeutic intervention. The therapeutic intervention was performed using the software Escuta Ativa (CTS Informática, Pato Branco, Brazil) in 12 sessions of 30 minutes, twice a week. For data analysis, the appropriate statistical tests were used.
Results A decrease in the latency of negative wave N2 and the positive wave P3 in the left ear in G1, and a decrease of P2 in the right ear in G2 were observed. In the analysis comparing the pre- and post-CAT groups, there was a significant difference in P1 latency in the left ear and P2 latency in the right ear, pre-intervention. Furthermore, eight children had an absence of the P3 wave, pre-CAT, but after the intervention, all of them presented the P3 wave. There were changes in the SAB score pre- and post-CAT in both groups. The presence of correlation between the scale and some LLAEP components was observed.
Conclusion The CAT produced an electrophysiological modification, which became evident in the effects of the effects of neural plasticity after CAT. The SAB proved to be useful in measuring the therapeutic effects of the intervention. Moreover, there were behavioral changes in the SAB (higher scores) and correlation with LLAEP.
Progressive Cerebral Arteriopathy – Moyamoya Disease: A Report of Two Cases with Different Clinical Presentation
Authors: Barros-Araújo Marx Lima de , Santos Tibério Silva Borges dos , Ricarte Irapuá Ferreira , Medeiros Guilherme Victor Sousa , Brito Joemir Jabson da Conceição , Guindani Stephany Vargas , Carvalho Larissa Clementino Leite de Sá 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMoyamoya disease is a chronic and unusual cerebrovascular disorder characterized by progressive stenosis and occlusion of the distal portions of internal carotid arteries and its main branches within the circle of Willis. Posterior circulation (vertebral and basilar arteries) may also be affected; however, this presentation is uncommon. As well as stenosis of the terminal portion of intracranial arteries, it is seen the development of a network of collateral vessels abnormally dilated at the base of the brain with an aspect of a “puff of smoke,” whose term in Japanese is described as “moyamoya.” The present study aims to report two consecutive cases of patients who presented to our service with different clinical manifestations. Further investigation with digital subtraction angiography showed a moyamoya pattern.
The Effect of the Cholesterol Levels on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Authors: Demir Mehmet , Aydin Sedat 
Published: April 2017

Introduction Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), which is one of the most common occupational diseases among industrialized populations, is associated with longstanding exposure to high levels of noise. The pathogenesis of NIHL is not clear, but some genes and their activity at the tissue level have been investigated. Hypercholesterolemia, which can disturb the microcirculation, can be one of the underlying pathologies in hearing loss.
Objective To investigate the relationship between NIHL and hypercholesterolemia.
Methods The study group was selected among workers who had an occupational exposure of 85 dB of noise for at least 10 years. The audiologic assessment was recorded at seven frequencies (500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, 3,000 Hz, 4,000 Hz, 6,000 Hz and 8,000 Hz). A total of 456 workers were included in the study and divided into two groups: the control group (252 patients) and the NIHL group (204 patients). After the audiologic measurement, blood samples were taken and investigated for blood cholesterol levels. According to these results, the groups were compared.
Results Both groups were similarly distributed regarding age and occupational exposure time (p > 0.05). We could not detect any association between cholesterol levels and noise-induced hearing loss (p < 0.05). According to logistic regression analyses, the odds ratios are not significant for both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Noise-induced hearing loss is still a common occupational problem that can be prevented by hearing conservation programs and occupational health and safety training. Still, we know little about the relationship between NIHL and hypercholesterolemia. According to our findings, we cannot detect any relationship. Controlled studies and studies with human individuals can be made possible in the future with diagnostic innovations in tissue imaging and tissue microcircular sampling.
Psychische und kontextuelle Belastungen, Motivationsfaktoren und Bedürfnisse von haupt- und ehrenamtlichen Flüchtlingshelfern
Authors: Grimm Theresa , Georgiadou Ekaterini , Silbermann Andrea , Junker Katharina , Nisslbeck Winfried , Erim Yesim 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungIn der psychosomatischen Abteilung des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen wurden mit Start im Januar 2016 Schulungen für aktive Flüchtlingshelfer durchgeführt. 45 der 49 Schulungsteilnehmer partizipierten in der begleitenden Fragebogenuntersuchung. Darin wurden Belastungen der haupt- und ehrenamtlichen Helfer in ihrer Arbeit mit Flüchtlingen, die Motivationshintergründe sowie verschiedene Bedürfnisse in der Flüchtlingsarbeit erhoben. Zusätzlich wurden depressive Symptome sowie das Vorliegen traumatischer Ereignisse untersucht. Die größten kontextuellen Belastungen wurden durch mangelnden Handlungsspielraum (69%) aufgrund gesetzlicher Regulierungen erlebt. Aber auch dissoziative Symptome (15,4%) und aggressives Verhalten (26,9%) der Flüchtlinge wurden als Belastungen angegeben. Mitmenschen zu helfen zeigte sich als höchster Motivationsfaktor für die Tätigkeit mit Flüchtlingen. Lediglich 2 Helfer (4,4%) zeigten erhöhte Ausprägungen depressiver Symptome. Hingegen hatten 93,3% der Flüchtlingshelfer bereits ein traumatisches Ereignis persönlich oder als Zeuge erlebt. Den größten Schulungsbedarf sahen die Helfer beim Erkennen von psychischen Problemen sowie dem Erlernen von konkreten Interventionsstrategien.
Evaluation of the Effect of Epilobium angustifolium Aqueous Extract on LNCaP Cell Proliferation in In Vitro and In Vivo Models
Authors: Piwowarski Jakub , Bobrowska-Korczak Barbara , Stanisławska Iwona , Bielecki Wojciech , Wrzesien Robert , Granica Sebastian , Krupa Katarzyna , Kiss Anna 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Epilobium sp. are commonly used in traditional medicine in the treatment of early stages of benign prostatic hyperplasia and inflammation. It is suggested that a dominating constituent, oenothein B, is responsible for the extracts therapeutic effects. Several bioactivities were established for extracts and oenothein B in various in vitro models, but due to the questionable bioavailability of this dimeric macrocyclic ellagitannin, their significance in the in vivo effects remains unresolved. We have thus focused our attention on a complex comparative investigation of the in vitro and in vivo activities of phytochemically characterized Epilobium angustifolium aqueous extract and oenothein B on prostate cancer cells proliferation.Incubation of different cell lines with E. angustifolium aqueous extract resulted in a significant reduction of proliferation of PZ-HPV-7 and LNCaP cells, which was partly associated with antiandrogenic activity. These effects were fully congruent with oenothein B, examined in parallel. Oral supplementation of rats implanted with LNCaP cells with E. angustifolium aqueous extract 50–200 mg/kg b. w. resulted in a reduction of the occurrence of prostatic adenoma up to 13 %. Oenothein B was not detected in the urine and feces of the E. angustifolium aqueous extract-treated group, however, conjugates of nasutins gut microbiota metabolites of ellagitannins were detected in the urine, while in human volunteers supplemented with Epilobium tea, only urolithin conjugates were present.Despite observing significant and consistent effects in vitro and in vivo, we were unable to point out unequivocally the factors contributing to the observed E. angustifolium aqueous extract activity, facing the problems of an unknown metabolic fate of oenothein B and interspecies differences in E. angustifolium aqueous extract gut microbiota metabolism.
Glide insertion to break a hiatus across words in European Portuguese
Authors: Oliveira Pedro , Cruz Marisa , Paulino Nuno , Vigário Marina 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Glide insertion to breakhiatus has long been reported in the literature to occur in the Northern and Central varieties of Portuguese but this has not been systematically investigated before. From a larger corpus of speech material collected in several locations in the North and Center of Portugal, we selected for analysis a sample coming from six locations in the Northwest of Portugal and one location in the Center. The effects of several linguistic and extralinguistic factors were evaluated, namely, prosodic domain, level of prominence in the second vowel, prosodic status of first word (W1), region, task, and age. A binary logistic regression model showed that all factors considered are good predictors of the presence of the glide, some considered in isolation (prosodic status of W1 and task), and some in interaction with others (prosodic domain*region, prominence level*task, prominence level*age).
Conditions on variation in pre-nominal possessives in European Portuguese
Authors: Brito Ana Maria 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Developing previous studies by Brito (2001, 2007), Castro and Costa (2002, 2003), Castro (2005), Miguel (2002a, 2002b, 2002c, 2004), this paper argues that there is a continuum of variation regarding the syntax of pre-nominal possessives in European Portuguese. There is a dominant, standard grammar, in which pre-nominal possessives occupy the spec of a high functional category in the DP (AgrP or PossP); in general they are used with definite articles and are [−degree]. Furthermore, there is a non-dominant grammar, where pre-nominal possessives are almost clitics to the definite article and can be phonetically reduced. In some written and formal registers pre-nominal possessives may occur immediately after indefinites and may even have the feature [+degree]. This paper argues that this is due to several linguistic conditions: in particular, lexical and semantic conditions. We also argue that the common property of possessives is that they are φP. Our paper also shows that the co-occurrence or non co-occurrence of the possessive with the definite article is not due to the different category of the possessive (contrary to Giorgi & Longobardi 1991 Parameter) but to the presence or absence of the definite article itself, a proposal already made in different ways by Brito (2007), Castro (2005) and Rinke (2010).
Feasibility of urinary extracellular vesicle proteome profiling using a robust and simple, clinically applicable isolation method
Authors: Bijnsdorp Irene V. , Maxouri Olga , Kardar Aarzo , Schelfhorst Tim , Piersma Sander R. , Pham Thang V. , Vis Andre , van Moorselaar R. Jeroen , Jimenez Connie R. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by prostate cancer (PCa) cells contain specific biomarkers and can be isolated from urine. Collection of urine is not invasive, and therefore urinary EVs represent a liquid biopsy for diagnostic and prognostic testing for PCa. In this study, we optimised urinary EV isolation using a method based on heat shock proteins and compared it to gold‐standard ultracentrifugation. The urinary EV isolation protocol using the Vn96‐peptide is easier, time convenient (≈1.5 h) and no special equipment is needed, in contrast to ultracentrifugation protocol (>3.5 h), making this protocol clinically feasible. We compared the isolated vesicles of both ultracentrifugation and Vn96‐peptide by proteome profiling using mass spectrometry‐based proteomics (n = 4 per method). We reached a depth of >3000 proteins, with 2400 proteins that were commonly detected in urinary EVs from different donors. We show a large overlap (>85%) between proteins identified in EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation and Vn96‐peptide. Addition of the detergent NP40 to Vn96‐peptide EV isolations reduced levels of background proteins and highly increased the levels of the EV‐markers TSG101 and PDCD6IP, indicative of an increased EV yield. Thus, the Vn96‐peptide‐based EV isolation procedure is clinically feasibly and allows large‐scale protein profiling of urinary EV biomarkers.
Radiotherapy for laryngeal cancer—technical aspects and alternate fractionation
Authors: Yamazaki Hideya , Suzuki Gen , Nakamura Satoaki , Yoshida Ken , Konishi Koji , Teshima Teruki , Ogawa Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Early laryngeal, especially glottic, cancer is a good candidate for radiotherapy because obvious early symptoms (e.g. hoarseness) make earlier treatment possible and with highly successful localized control. This type of cancer is also a good model for exploring the basic principles of radiation oncology and several key findings (e.g. dose, fractionation, field size, patient fixation, and overall treatment time) have been noted. For example, unintended poor outcomes have been reported during transition from 60Cobalt to linear accelerator installation in the 1960s, with usage of higher energy photons causing poor dose distribution. In addition, shell fixation made precise dose delivery possible, but simultaneously elevated toxicity if a larger treatment field was necessary. Of particular interest to the radiation therapy community was altered fractionation gain as a way to improve local tumor control and survival rate. Unfortunately, this interest ceased with advancements in chemotherapeutic agents because alternate fractionation could not improve outcomes in chemoradiotherapy settings. At present, no form of acceleration can potentially compensate fully for the lack of concurrent chemotherapy. In addition, the substantial workload associated with this technique made it difficult to add extra fractionation routinely in busy clinical hospitals. Hypofractionation, on the other hand, uses a larger single fractionation dose (2–3 Gy), making it a reasonable and attractive option for T1–T2 early glottic cancer because it can improve local control without the additional workload. Recently, Japan Clinical Oncology Group study 0701 reprised its role in early T1–T2 glottic cancer research, demonstrating that this strategy could be an optional standard therapy. Herein, we review radiotherapy history from 60Cobalt to modern linear accelerator, with special focus on the role of alternate fractionation.
Effort perception
Authors: Lamb Kevin L , Parfitt Gaynor , Eston Roger G 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
As the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale was not appropriate for children, investigators set about developing child-specific scales which employed numbers, words and/or images that were more familiar and understandable. Numerous studies have examined the validity and reliability of such scales as the CERT, PCERT and OMNI amongst children aged 5 to 16 years, across different modes of exercise (cycling, running, stepping, resistance exercise), protocols (intermittent vs. continuous, incremental vs. non-incremental) and paradigms (estimation vs. production). Such laboratory-based research has enabled the general conclusion that children can, especially with practise, use effort perception scales to differentiate between exercise intensity levels, and to self-regulate their exercise output to match various levels indicated by them. However, inconsistencies in the methodological approaches adopted diminish the certainty of some of the interpretations made by researchers. The scope for research in the application of effort perception in physical education and activity/health promotion is considerable.