bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(In)justicia espacial y otredades en la Ciudad de México. Experiencias urbanas de jóvenes de la periferia oriente
Authors: Bayón María Cristina , Moncrieff Zabaleta Henry 
Published: October 2024

La forma espacial de la injusticia social se hace patente en los diversos recorridos urbanos por las grandes metrópolis. Mediante imágenes de lugar negativas que tienden a asociar tipos de lugares (barrios, escuelas, calles, plazas) con tipos de gente, se criminaliza a los grupos subalternos y a los espacios que habitan y transitan, construidos como otredades demonizadas y despreciadas que habitan en los imaginarios sociales de las diversas ciudades de la orbe. Esta estigmatización recae más fuertemente sobre los jóvenes que residen en las periferias populares, lo que contribuye a reproducir la desigualdad y el control social a través del temor, el rechazo y el desprecio, y afecta profundamente su experiencia urbana y sus relaciones con diversas instituciones y espacios (la policía, la escuela, el barrio, la calle, el trabajo). En este artículo analizamos la (in)justicia espacial a partir de las experiencias cotidianas y recorridos urbanos de jóvenes residentes en una colonia popular fuertemente estigmatizada de la periferia oriente de la Ciudad de México. Reinterpretamos nuestras investigaciones etnográficas previas en clave de (in)justicia espacial, articulando el análisis sobre juventudes populares, periferias y apegos locales, con el papel central y activo del espacio en la estructuración y reproducción de las desigualdades urbanas.
A flexible generative algorithm for growing in silico placentas
Authors: de Oliveira Diana C. , Cheikh Sleiman Hani , Payette Kelly , Hutter Jana , Story Lisa , Hajnal Joseph V. , Alexander Daniel C. , Shipley Rebecca J. , Slator Paddy J. 
Published: October 2024

The placenta is crucial for a successful pregnancy, facilitating oxygen exchange and nutrient transport between mother and fetus. Complications like fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia are linked to placental vascular structure abnormalities, highlighting the need for early detection of placental health issues. Computational modelling offers insights into how vascular architecture correlates with flow and oxygenation in both healthy and dysfunctional placentas. These models use synthetic networks to represent the multiscale feto-placental vasculature, but current methods lack direct control over key morphological parameters like branching angles, essential for predicting placental dysfunction.
We introduce a novel generative algorithm for creating in silico placentas, allowing user-controlled customisation of feto-placental vasculatures, both as individual components (placental shape, chorionic vessels, placentone) and as a complete structure. The algorithm is physiologically underpinned, following branching laws (i.e. Murray’s Law), and is defined by four key morphometric statistics: vessel diameter, vessel length, branching angle and asymmetry. Our algorithm produces structures consistent with in vivo measurements and ex vivo observations. Our sensitivity analysis highlights how vessel length variations and branching angles play a pivotal role in defining the architecture of the placental vascular network. Moreover, our approach is stochastic in nature, yielding vascular structures with different topological metrics when imposing the same input settings. Unlike previous volume-filling algorithms, our approach allows direct control over key morphological parameters, generating vascular structures that closely resemble real vascular densities and allowing for the investigation of the impact of morphological parameters on placental function in upcoming studies.
Distinct patterns of white matter hyperintensity and cortical thickness of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy compared with subcortical ischemic vascular dementia
Authors: Kim Seung Joo , Cho Wanzee , Kim Hee Jin , Na Duk L. , Seo Sang Won , Jung Na-Yeon , Lee Jae-Hyeok , Lee Myung Jun , Kang Heeyoung , Seong Joon-Kyung , Kim Eun-Joo 
Published: October 2024

Background
CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy is a type of autosomal dominant leukodystrophy caused by mutations in the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) gene. Subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVaD), which is caused by cerebral small vessel disease, is similar to CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy in that it mainly affects subcortical white matter. In this study, we compared the patterns of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and cortical thickness in CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy with those in SIVaD.

Methods
Fourteen patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy and 129 with SIVaD were retrospectively recruited from three tertiary medical centers. We extracted and visualized WMH data using voxel-based morphometry to compare the WMH distributions between the two groups. Cortical thickness was measured using a surface-based method. Statistical maps of differences in cortical thickness between the two groups were generated using a surface model, with age, sex, education, and intracranial volume as covariates.

Results
Predominant distribution of WMH in the CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy group was in the bilateral frontal and parietal areas, whereas the SIVaD group showed diffuse WMH involvement in the bilateral frontal, parietal, and temporal areas. Compared with the SIVaD group, the CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy group showed more severe corpus callosum atrophy (CCA) and widespread cortical thinning.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first study using the automated MR measurement to capture WMH, cortical thinning, and CCA with signal changes in CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. It provides new evidence regarding differences in the patterns of WMH distribution and cortical thinning between CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy and SIVaD.
Health-related quality of life and utility of maternity health states amongst post-partum Australians
Authors: Martin Elizabeth , Fisher Olivia , Tone Jessica , Suldsuren Narmandakh , Kularatna Sanjeewa , Beckmann Michael , Miller Yvette D. 
Published: October 2024

Background
This study aimed to measure patient-reported health-related quality of life amongst post-partum women in Queensland, Australia.

Methods
Patient-reported health-related quality of life data was prospectively collected from 134 post-partum women using the EQ-5D-5L at weekly intervals during the first six weeks following birth. Data across the five health domains of the EQ-5D-5L was converted to a single health utility value to represent overall health status. Linear mixed modelling and regression analysis were used to examine changes in utility over the first six weeks post-birth and determine associations between utility and clinical and demographic characteristics of post-partum women.

Findings
Gestation at birth and weeks post-partum were significantly associated with utility values when considered in a multivariate linear mixed model. Mean utility values increased by 0.01 for every week increase in gestation at birth, and utility values were 0.70 at one week post-partum and increased to 0.85 at six weeks post-partum, with the largest increase occurring between one- and two-weeks post-birth. When controlling for variables that were found to predict utility values across the first six weeks post-partum, no single state of health predicted utility values at one-week post-partum.

Conclusions
Maternity services can use our data and methods to establish norms for their own service, and researchers and maternity services can partner to conduct cost-effectiveness analysis using our more relevant utility values than what is currently available. Time since birth and gestational age of the woman’s baby should be considered when selecting post-partum health state utility values for maternity services cost-effectiveness analyses.
Sex difference in IRONMAN age group triathletes
Authors: Knechtle Beat , Valero David , Villiger Elias , Thuany Mabliny , Andrade Marilia Santos , Cuk Ivan , Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Rosemann Thomas , Weiss Katja 
Published: October 2024

Background
The sex difference in athletic performance has been thoroughly investigated in single sport disciplines such as swimming, cycling, and running. In contrast, only small samples of long-distance triathlons, such as the IRONMAN® triathlon, have been investigated so far.

Aim
The aim of the study was to examine potential sex differences in the three split disciplines by age groups in 5-year intervals in a very large data set of IRONMAN® age group triathletes.

Methods
Data from 687,696 (553,608 men and 134,088 women) IRONMAN® age group triathletes (in 5-year intervals from 18–24 to 75+ years) finishing successfully between 2002 and 2022 an official IRONMAN® race worldwide were analyzed. The differences in performance between women and men were determined for each split discipline and for the overall race distance.

Results
Most finishers were in the age group 40–44 years. The fastest women were in the age group 25–29 years, and the fastest men were in the age group 30–34 years. For all split disciplines and overall race time, men were always faster than women in all groups. The performance difference between the sexes was more pronounced in cycling compared to swimming and running. From the age group 35–39 years until 60–64 years, the sex differences were nearly identical in swimming and running. For both women and men, the smallest sex difference was least significant in age group 18–24 years for all split disciplines and increased in a U-shaped manner until age group 70–74 years. For age groups 75 years and older, the sex difference decreased in swimming and cycling but increased in running. Considering the different characteristics of the race courses, the smallest performance gaps between men and women were found in river swimming, flat surface cycling and rolling running courses.

Conclusions
The sex difference in the IRONMAN® triathlon was least significant in age group 18–24 years for all split disciplines and increased in a U-shaped manner until age group 70–74 years. For 75 years and older, the sex difference decreased in swimming and cycling but increased in running.
Facilitating effects of plant extracts on soil health and replanted Panax ginseng growth in recession soil
Authors: Wang Ergang , Zhou Yi , Miao Xinyue , He Guixiang , Lv Pengyuan , Wang Lixiang , Zhan Yu , Chen Changbao , Li Qiong 
Published: October 2024

Background
Plant extracts have been shown to be effective agricultural strategies for improving soil fertility and quality, and promoting plant growth in soil degradation remediation. The application of plant extracts improves the material cycle of soil microecology, such as the decomposition of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while increasing plant resistance. However, there is currently no experiment to demonstrate whether plant extracts have a promoting effect on the growth of ginseng and the mechanism of action.

Objectives and methods
Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of extracts, namely Rubia cordifolia (RC), Schisandra chinensis (SC), and Euphorbia humifusa (EH) on soil properties, enzyme activities, and plant physiological characteristics were evaluated.

Results
Results showed that compared with CK, plant extract-related treatments increased soil Organic carbon (OC), Available nitrogen (AN), Available phosphorus (AP) contents, and Soil urease activity. (S-UE), Soil sucrase activity (Soil sucrase), Soil acid phosphatase activity. (S-ACP). Meanwhile, plant extract-related treatments significantly increased plant physiological properties and TP (Total protein) content, and decreased the content of MDA (malondialdehyde) by 15.70% -36.59% and PRO (proline) by 30.13% -148.44%. Furthermore, plant extract-related treatments also significantly promote plant growth and reduce plant incidence, the fresh weight of ginseng increased by 27.80% -52.08%, ginseng root activity increased by 45.13% -90.07%, and ginseng incidence rate decreased by 20.00% -46.67%. Through correlation analysis between fresh weight of ginseng and root parameters and soil index, fresh weight is significantly positively correlated with root diameter, fiber root number, root activity, total protein (TP), catalytic activity (CAT) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), H, soil urea activity (S-UE), soil sucrose activity (S-SC), soil acid phosphate activity (S-ACP), and soil laccase activity (SL); The fresh weight was significantly negatively correlated with incidence rate, disease severity index, and malondialdehyde content (MDA).

Conclusion
In summary, plant extract-related treatments improve soil quality and promote ginseng growth, further enhancing soil health and plant disease resistance. These findings provide new insights into ginseng cultivation and soil health management and highlight a new approach that can be applied to a wider range of agricultural practices and environmental sustainability.
Effect of moisture on breakdown strength and glass transition temperature of bio-polyamide reinforced with glass or basalt fiber
Authors: Bednarowski Dariusz , Kuśnierz Alina , Kuciel Stanisław 
Published: October 2024

In this study we investigate the effect of moisture content on the dielectric breakdown strength and glass transition temperature (Tg) of bio-polyamide 4.10 reinforced with glass or basalt fiber (15, 30, 50 wt%). Moisture absorption decreased with increasing fiber content, regardless of fiber type. The reduction in breakdown voltage (BDV) was more pronounced in the composites with higher moisture content reinforced with basalt fiber. This may be due to weaker interactions at the interface. The presence of moisture decreased the glass transition temperature of the composites. PA 4.10, especially reinforced with glass fiber, is characterized by better performance properties than PA 6.6 reinforced with 50 wt% glass fiber in applications requiring both stability of mechanical properties and dielectric properties.
Effect of conductive carbon black on the lightning strikes resistance of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin
Authors: Krajewski Dariusz , Oleksy Mariusz , Oliwa Rafał , Masłowski Grzegorz , Filik Kamil , Karnas Grzegorz 
Published: October 2024

The effect of conductive carbon black (0.5 wt%) on the properties of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (Rockwell hardness, Charpy impact strength, tensile and flexural properties, electrical conductivity, and resistance to lightning discharges) was investigated. The composites were obtained by the infusion method. A slight decrease in flexural modulus was observed, while the hardness and Young's modulus increased. The resistivity decreased four times. Simulated multiple lightning discharges confirmed the better electrical conductivity of the composite with the addition of conductive carbon black, which resulted in five times decrease in the laminate damage area.
An observational study of female body shape characteristics in multiracial Malaysia
Authors: Yiyan Wang , Zakaria Norsaadah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The current study aims to explore the representative and typical female body shapes through in-depth observation and analysis of the diversity in Malaysian female body shape characteristics across different ethnic and age groups, which assists in facilitating the establishment of accurate apparel size standards. This study was conducted in Selangor, which is the most populous and developed Malaysian state. The data were collected via a highly systematic approach. The K-mean clustering method was applied to synthesise and analyse the collected data, which classified the body types into five major clusters. The results not only revealed significant differences in the distribution of body shapes across ethnic and age groups but also highlighted the limitations of the various sizing systems currently employed by the Malaysian apparel industry to fulfil the requirements of the diverse Malaysian market. The findings provided practical implications for apparel manufacturers and retailers with concrete evidence to support improved product design and enhance customer satisfaction. A deeper understanding and categorisation of Malaysian females’ body types could also assist the apparel industry in developing more tailored sizing systems. Resultantly, an improved system minimises return rates, optimises inventory management, and supports environmental and sustainability goals by reducing overproduction.
Fabrication of β-cyclodextrin-based microgels for enhancing solubility of Terbinafine: An in-vitro and in-vivo toxicological evaluation
Authors: Akhtar Saira , Barkat Kashif , Shahid Nariman , Anjum Irfan , Badshah Syed Faisal , Shabbir Maryam , Ibenmoussa Samir , Bin Jardan Yousef A. , Bourhia Mohammed , Salamatullah Ahmad Mohammad , Dauelbait Musaab 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Solubility enhancement of poorly aqueous-soluble drugs, like Terbinafine (TBN), is a critical challenge in formulating effective dosage forms. This study focused on developing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and polyacrylamide (PAM)-based microgels to address the solubility issue of TBN, classified as a biopharmaceutics classification system class II drug. The microgels were crafted through free radical polymerization, employing methylene bisacylamide as a cross-linker and methacrylic acid as a monomer, initiated by ammonium persulfate. Comprehensive characterizations, including Fourier transform infrared, thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry analysis, Zeta size, and Zeta potential, were conducted. In vitro studies, such as drug release and swelling, were performed at pH 1.2. Toxicity analysis in rabbits revealed zero toxicity. These β-CD/PAM microgels successfully enhanced the solubility of TBN.
Estimating molecular properties, drug-likeness, cardiotoxic risk, liability profile, and molecular docking study to characterize binding process of key phyto-compounds against serotonin 5-HT2A receptor
Authors: Bensaad Mohamed Sabri , Verma Devvret , Mitra Debasis , Helal Mahmoud , Banjer Hamsa Jameel , Shami Ashjan A. , Sami Rokayya , Moawadh Mamdoh S. , Alharbi Zeyad M. , Waggas Dania S. , Baakdah Fadi , AlHarthi Siraj B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, the physiopathological and molecular mechanisms of multiple diseases have been identified, thus helping scientists to provide a clear answer, especially to those ambiguities related to chronic illnesses. This has been accomplished in part through the contribution of a key discipline known as bioinformatics. In this study, the bioinformatics approach was applied on four compounds identified in Centaurea tougourensis, using two axes of research: an in silico study to predict the molecular characteristics, medicinal chemistry attributes as well as the possible cardiotoxicity and adverse liability profile of these compounds. In this context, four compounds were selected and named, respectively, 2,5-monoformal-l-rhamnitol (compound 1), cholest-7-en-3.beta.,5.alpha.-diol-6.alpha.-benzoate (compound 2), 7,8-epoxylanostan-11-ol, 3-acetoxy- (compound 3), and 1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, 3-ethyl-4-methyl- (compound 4). The second part looked into molecular docking, which objective was to evaluate the possible binding affinity between these compounds and the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor. Results indicated that compounds 1 and 4 were respecting Pfizer and giant Glaxo-SmithKline rules, while compounds 2 and 3 exhibited an optimal medicinal chemistry evolution 18 score. The structural and molecular features of almost all tested compounds could be considered optimal, indicating that these phyto-compounds may possess drug-likeness capacity. However, only compounds 1 and 4 could be considered non-cardiotoxic, but with a level of confidence more pronounced for compound 1 (80%). In addition, these four biocompounds could preferentially interact with G protein-coupled receptor, ion channel, transporters, and nuclear receptors. However, the heat map was less pronounced for compound 2. Data also indicated that these four compounds could possibly interact with serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, but in an antagonistic way. This research proved once again that plants could be crucial precursors of pharmaceutical substances, which could be helpful to enrich the international pharmacopoeia.
Spillover Effects Between the Stock Market and the Real Economy in a Mixed-Frequency Agent-Based Macrofinancial Model
Authors: Kotb Naira , Brenneisen Jan-Niklas , Lengnick Matthias , Proaño Christian R. , Wohltmann Hans-Werner 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper illustrates a behavioral mixed frequency macro-finance model where both real and financial variables are generated on a daily basis. Further, while financial sector data is collected at the same frequency as it is generated (i.e. daily), real data can only be collected on a quarterly basis. Under these circumstances, output and inflation, upon which data is available with a significant delay, become unsuitable as the sole information guide for monetary policy. We suggest that policy makers can deal with this information problem by reacting to the variable on which data is collected on high frequency basis: the stock price.
Computer aided diagnoses for detecting the severity of Keratoconus
Authors: Abdullah Osamah Qays , Boughariou Aicha , Al-Azawi Fadia W. , Al-Araji Ahmed Mohammed Khadum Abdulamer , Mehdy Mehdy Mwaffeq 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Problem
Corneal topography instruments have limited parameter constraints for calculating precise defect ratios on the basis of the cone base area of the anterior axial curvature map for patients with Keratoconus (KC).

Aim
The aim of this study is to use thresholding-based segmentation and morphological techniques to calculate the pathological ratio of the keratoconic cornea through cone base area extraction for the detection of KC severity and tracking of disease development.

Methods
Data were collected from February 2022 to March 2023, comprising 97 cases from private clinics in southern Iraq. Disease severity was categorized into three stages, namely, mild, moderate, and severe, according to the topographic KC classification by a senior ophthalmologist. The Galilei system was used in obtaining the corneal topography images. The study proposed an image analysis method for corneal topography images using MATLAB R2020a. The method had four main steps: preprocessing, image segmentation, morphological processing, and pathological ratio calculation. Moreover, pathological ratio was compared with the KC severity through statistical analysis. A P-value less than 0.05 indicated statistically significant results.

Results
The majority of the cases in the mild category had a pathological ratio of ≤20%, and the moderate category had a higher prevalence ranging from 21 to 40%. The severe category had the highest distribution (<40%). A P-value of <0.001 indicated significant and clear link between KC stages and pathologic ratio.

Conclusion
The algorithm used for extracting the cone base area of the keratoconic cornea at different stages was validated by an ophthalmic specialist to ensure that the cone base area was appropriately extracted. The findings may help ophthalmologists to make informed decisions for patients with severe KC and assessments based on the percentage of corneal defects.