bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal variability of CO2and CH4gas transfer velocities and quantification of the CH4microbubble flux in mangrove dominated estuaries
Authors: Rosentreter J. A. , Maher D. T. , Ho D. T. , Call M. , Barr J. G. , Eyre B. D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGas transfer velocities (k) of CO2and CH4were determined from 209 deployments of a newly designed floating chamber in six mangrove dominated estuaries in Australia and the United States to estimate mangrove system specifick.k600‐CO2andk600‐CH4(knormalized to the Schmidt number of 600) varied greatly within and between mangrove creeks, ranging from 0.9 cm h−1to 28.3 cm h−1. The gas transfer velocity correlated well with current velocity at all study sites suggesting current generated turbulence was the main driver controllingk. An empirical relationship that accounts for current velocity and a linearly additive contribution of wind speed and water depth was a good predictor ofk600‐CO2(R2 = 0.67) andk600‐CH4(R2 = 0.57) in the mangrove creeks in Australia. In a side‐by‐side study, good agreement was found betweenkdetermined from this new floating chamber and a3He/SF6dual tracer release experiment (∼5% discrepancy).k600‐CH4correlated well withk600‐CO2(R2 = 0.81), however,k600‐CH4was on average 1.2 times higher thank600‐CO2, most likely reflecting a microbubble flux contribution. The microbubble flux contributed up to 73% of the total CH4flux and was best predicted by a model that included CH4supersaturation, temperature, and current velocity. A large overestimation was found for both CO2and CH4fluxes when calculated using empirically derivedkmodels from previous studies in estuaries. The high temporal and spatial variabilities ofkCO2andkCH4highlights the importance of site specific transfer velocity measurements in dynamic ecosystems such as mangrove estuaries.
Vascularized appendicular lymph node transfer for treatment of extremity lymphedema: A case report
Authors: Ciudad Pedro , Manrique Oscar J. , Date Shivprasad , Chang Wei‐Ling , Nicoli Fabio , Sapountzis Stamatis , Cheng Hsu‐Tang , Agko Mouchammed , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractVascularized lymph node transfer has demonstrated promising results for the treatment of extremity lymphedema. In an attempt to find the ideal donor site, several vascularized lymph nodes have been described. Each has a common goal of decreasing morbidity and avoiding iatrogenic lymphedema while obtaining good clinical results. Herein, we present the preliminary clinical outcomes of an intra‐abdominal lymph node flap option based on the appendicular artery and vein used for the treatment of extremity lymphedema. A 62 year‐old woman with moderate lower extremity lymphedema, on chronic antibiotics because of recurrent infections and unsatisfactory outcomes after conservative treatment underwent a vascularized appendicular lymph node (VALN) transfer. At a follow‐up of 6 months, the reduction rate of the limb circumference was 17.4%, 15.1%, 12.0% and 9% above the knee, below the knee, above the ankle and foot respectively. In addition, no further episodes of infection or other complications were reported after VALN transfer. Postoperative lymphoscintigraphy demonstrated that the VALN flap was able to improve the lymphatic drainage of the affected limb. According to our findings, the use of VALN transfer minimizes donor‐site morbidity, avoids iatrogenic lymphedema and may provide a strong clearance of infection because of the strong immunologic properties of the appendiceal lymphatic tissue in selected patients. Despite these promising results, further research with larger number of patients and longer follow‐ up is needed.
Global existence and boundedness of classical solutions for a chemotaxis model with consumption of chemoattractant and logistic source
Authors: Baghaei Khadijeh , Khelghati Ali 
Published: December 2016

This paper deals with the following chemotaxis system:

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4264:mma4264-math-0002
under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded domain
with smooth boundary. Here, δ and χ are some positive constants and f is a smooth function that satisfies

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4264:mma4264-math-0003
with some constants a⩾0,b > 0, and γ > 1. We prove that the classical solutions to the preceding system are global and bounded provided that

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4264:mma4264-math-0004
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of sample size and distributional assumptions on competing models of the factor structure of the PANSS and BPRS
Authors: Tueller Stephen J. , Johnson Kiersten L. , Grimm Kevin J. , Desmarais Sarah L. , Sellers Brian G. , Van Dorn Richard A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFactor analytic work on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) has yielded varied and conflicting results. The current study explored potential causes of these discrepancies. Prior research has been limited by small sample sizes and an incorrect assumption that the items are normally distributed when in practice responses are highly skewed ordinal variables. Using simulation methodology, we examined the effects of sample size, (in)correctly specifying item distributions, collapsing rarely endorsed response categories, and four factor analytic models. The first is the model of Van Dorn et al., developed using a large integrated data set, specified the item distributions as multinomial, and used cross‐validation. The remaining models were developed specifying item distributions as normal: the commonly used pentagonal model of White et al.; the model of Van der Gaag et al. developed using extensive cross‐validation methods; and the model of Shafer developed through meta‐analysis. Our simulation results indicated that incorrectly assuming normality led to biases in model fit and factor structure, especially for small sample size. Collapsing rarely used response options had negligible effects.
Combined Application of UHPLC‐QTOF/MS, HPLC‐ELSD and 1H–NMR Spectroscopy for Quality Assessment of DA‐9801, A Standardised Dioscorea Extract
Authors: Kang Kyo Bin , Ryu Jayoung , Cho Youngwoong , Choi Sang‐Zin , Son Miwon , Sung Sang Hyun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionDA‐9801, a standardised 50% aqueous ethanolic extract of a mixture of Dioscorea japonica and D. nipponica, is a botanical drug candidate for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, which finished its US phase II clinical trials recently. An advanced quality control method is needed for further development of DA‐9801, considering its high contents of both primary and secondary metabolites.ObjectiveDevelopment of a quality assessment strategy for DA‐9801, based on the combination of UHPLC‐QTOF/MS, HPLC‐ELSD, and 1H–NMR spectroscopy.MethodsThe method was developed and tested with 15 batch products of DA‐9801. The steroidal saponins of DA‐9801 were tentatively identified by UHPLC–QTOF/MS and were quantified with the validated HPLC–ELSD method. Primary metabolites of DA‐9801 were identified and profiled using 1H–NMR spectrometry. The batch‐to‐batch equivalence of DA‐9801 was tested with the 1H–NMR spectra using spectral binning, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis.ResultsSix major saponins of DA‐9801 were tentatively identified by UHPLC‐QTOF/MS. Among them, protodioscin and dioscin were quantified by the validated HPLC‐ELSD method. Twenty‐six metabolites were identified in 1H–NMR spectra. The similarity between DA‐9801 batches could be evaluated with the NMR spectra of DA‐9801. The 1H–NMR method also revealed that two Dioscorea species contributed distinct amino acids to the contents of DA‐9801.ConclusionThis study validates the effectiveness of UHPLC‐QTOF/MS, HPLC‐ELSD, and 1H NMR‐combined method for quality control of DA‐9801 and its crude materials. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Borderline personality disorder features, emotion dysregulation and non‐suicidal self‐injury: Preliminary findings in a sample of community‐dwelling Italian adolescents
Authors: Somma Antonella , Sharp Carla , Borroni Serena , Fossati Andrea 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn order to assess the relationships among borderline personality disorder features, non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and emotion dysregulation, 122 community‐dwelling Italian adolescents were administered by the Italian translations of the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children‐11, the Deliberate Self‐Harm Inventory and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Regression models showed that both Deliberate Self‐Harm Inventory (DSHI) and DERS scores significantly predicted Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children‐11 total score; moreover, the DSHI total score significantly predicted the DERS total score. Our findings suggest that borderline personality features in adolescence are moderately, albeit significantly related to NSSI, and that emotion dysregulation does not completely account for the association between borderline personality features and NSSI, although it seems to explain a non‐trivial proportion of this relationship. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurosurgical robotic arm drilling navigation system
Authors: Lin Chung‐Chih , Lin Hsin‐Cheng , Lee Wen‐Yo , Lee Shih‐Tseng , Wu Chieh‐Tsai 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this work was to develop a neurosurgical robotic arm drilling navigation system that provides assistance throughout the complete bone drilling process.MethodsThe system comprised neurosurgical robotic arm navigation combining robotic and surgical navigation, 3D medical imaging based surgical planning that could identify lesion location and plan the surgical path on 3D images, and automatic bone drilling control that would stop drilling when the bone was to be drilled‐through. Three kinds of experiment were designed.ResultsThe average positioning error deduced from 3D images of the robotic arm was 0.502 ± 0.069 mm. The correlation between automatically and manually planned paths was 0.975. The average distance error between automatically planned paths and risky zones was 0.279 ± 0.401 mm. The drilling auto‐stopping algorithm had 0.00% unstopped cases (26.32% in control group 1) and 70.53% non‐drilled‐through cases (8.42% and 4.21% in control groups 1 and 2).ConclusionsThe system may be useful for neurosurgical robotic arm drilling navigation.
Antibodies Can Exploit Molecular Crowding to Bind New Antigens at Noncanonical Paratope Positions
Authors: Vashisht Sharad , Kumar Ashish , Kaur Kanwal J. , Salunke Dinakar M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDespite having limited number of antibody molecules, it is still unclear how immune system recognizes surfeit of antigens. A novel mechanism of antigen recognition was deciphered from the crystallographic analysis of scFv 2D10 bound to disaccharide moiety. High‐resolution crystal structure of the complex reveals unusual binding of scFv 2D10 with α1‐6 mannobiose resembling supramolecular assemblies. The disaccharide interacts with the scFv 2D10 at two sites independent of canonical sugar binding positions, in two chemically distinct environments. At site A, α1‐6 mannobiose lies on two‐fold symmetry axis interacting through π‐stacking and water network. However, at site B, α1‐6 mannobiose exists in two orientations related by quasi‐symmetry with direct hydrogen bonds. Although individual one on one interactions are low at both sites, symmetry related molecules contribute significantly for stable binding of the disaccharides, indicated by 2–4 fold lower binding energies. These interactions are facilitated due to relatively high concentrations of receptor and ligand. We propose that the molecular crowding leading to supramolecular associations acts as a specificity determinant and could be naturally exploited to bind diverse antigens. This previously uncharacterized property will considerably enhance the recognition repertoire of antibodies and therefore allows the humoral response to deal with the threat posed by plethora of antigens.
Selective Synthesis of 4‐Chalcogenylmethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐ones and 1,3‐Bis(organylchalcogenyl)propan‐2‐ols from 3‐O‐Tosyl Glycerol 1,2‐Carbonate
Authors: Perin Gelson , Silva Cristian M. , Borges Elton L. , Goulart Helen A. , Silva Rafaela B. , Jacob Raquel G. , Silva Márcio S. , Alves Diego , Schumacher Ricardo F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe describe a selective method for synthesis of 4‐chalcogenylmethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐ones and 1,3‐bis(organylchalcogenyl)propan‐2‐ols in a short reaction time through stoichiometric control. The use of 3‐O‐tosyl glycerol 1,2‐carbonate and a set of aryl and alkyl diorganyl dichalcogenides afforded the desired products in good to excellent yields. We also describe a synthetic application to 4‐chalcogenylmethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐ones by base promoted the synthesis of 3‐(arylchalcogenyl)propane‐1,2‐diols in excellent yields.
Crystal Structures of Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates in Complex with Escherichia coli Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase
Authors: Eng Wai Soon , Hocková Dana , Špaček Petr , Baszczyňski Ondřej , Janeba Zlatko , Naesens Lieve , Keough Dianne T. , Guddat Luke W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDrug resistant uropathogenic E. coli associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a serious and debilitating health threat. Therefore new drug targets to treat this disease need to be explored. One possible approach is to block the synthesis of the nucleoside monophosphates required for DNA/RNA production in these pathogens. In E. coli, the purine salvage pathway has two 6‐oxopurine phosphoribosyltransferases (PRTs), xanthine‐guanine PRT (EcXGPRT) and hypoxanthine PRT (EcHPRT). Here, we investigate acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) as inhibitors of EcHPRT and have determined six crystal structures of EcHPRT in complex with ANPs. These data reveal the binding modes of these compounds and can assist in future rational structure‐based design efforts. It is suggested that a combination of inhibitors that block de novo and salvage pathways is a plausible approach to developing new antibiotics for E. coli UTIs. In addition, we provide details of a novel approach to accelerating the crystallization of this enzyme that may be of general applicability for rational drug discovery.
Safeguarding development and limiting vulnerability: India's stakes in the Paris Agreement
Authors: Dubash Navroz K. 
Published: December 2016

India has a great deal at stake in the Paris Agreement. As a large and poor developing country, India stands to gain or lose from both obligations under the Agreement and its effectiveness in addressing climate change. This comment describes India as a premature power in climate politics, locates Indian climate negotiating positions in global context, and develops a balance sheet of India's gains and losses in the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement has received a lukewarm reaction in India because it runs against some key principles of Indian climate politics. However, the Paris Agreement requires assessment by a different set of metrics. Instead of principle‐driven changes in national actions, the Paris Agreement architecture relies on inducing changes through procedural commitments and supportive mechanisms. Viewed from this perspective, the Paris Agreement brings some signs of hope for India. The bottom‐up contributions should allow India to safeguard development and explore more linkages between development and climate objectives. Even while inadequate, the existing pledges do collectively set an upper bound on catastrophic climate change, although the introduction of a 1.5° goal induces cynicism among Indian stakeholders. The transparency, expert review, and stocktake processes, when combined with regular updates of nationally determined contributions, are designed to ramp up contributions over time. Whether this trajectory is feasible or wishful thinking depends a great deal on future country actions. The Paris Agreement provides a framework within which India could productively engage its interests, even while it by no means guarantees their realization. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e444. doi: 10.1002/wcc.444This article is categorized under:

Policy and Governance > International Policy Framework
Properties of embryoid bodies
Authors: Brickman Joshua M. , Serup Palle 
Published: December 2016

Embryoid bodies (EBs) have been popular in vitro differentiation models for pluripotent stem cells for more than five decades. Initially, defined as aggregates formed by embryonal carcinoma cells, EBs gained more prominence after the derivation of karyotypically normal embryonic stem cells from early mouse blastocysts. In many cases, formation of EBs constitutes an important initial step in directed differentiation protocols aimed at generated specific cell types from undifferentiated stem cells. Indeed state‐of‐the‐art protocols for directed differentiation of cardiomyocytes still rely on this initial EB step. Analyses of spontaneous differentiation of embryonic stem cells in EBs have yielded important insights into the molecules that direct primitive endoderm differentiation and many of the lessons we have learned about the signals and transcription factors governing this differentiation event is owed to EB models, which later were extensively validated in studies of early mouse embryos. EBs show a degree of self‐organization that mimics some aspects of early embryonic development, but with important exceptions. Recent studies that employ modern signaling reporters and tracers of lineage commitment have revealed both the strengths and the weaknesses of EBs as a model of embryonic axis formation. In this review, we discuss the history, application, and future potential of EBs as an experimental model. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e259. doi: 10.1002/wdev.259This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cell Sorting and Boundary Formation
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation
Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling
Uncertainty quantification of infinite aligned wind farm performance using non‐intrusive polynomial chaos and a distributed roughness model
Authors: Foti Daniel , Yang Xiaolei , Sotiropoulos Fotis 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUncertainty of wind farm parameters can have a significant effect on wind farm power output. Knowledge of the uncertainty‐produced stochastic distribution of the entire wind farm power output and the corresponding uncertainty propagation mechanisms is very important for evaluating the uncertainty effects on the wind farm performance during wind farm planning stage and providing insights on improving the performance of the existing wind farms. In this work, the propagation of uncertainties from surface roughness and induction factor in infinite aligned wind farms modeled by a modified distributed roughness model is investigated using non‐intrusive polynomial chaos. Stochastic analysis of surface roughness indicates that 30% uncertainty can propagate such that there is up a 8% uncertainty in the power output of the wind farm by affecting the uncertainty in the position of the individual wind turbines in the vertical boundary layer profile and uncertainty in vertical momentum fluxes which replenish energy in the wake in large wind farms. Induction factor uncertainty of the wind turbines can also have a significant effect on power output. Not only does its uncertainty substantially affect the vertical boundary layer profile, but the uncertainty in turbine wake growth which affects how neighboring turbine wakes interact. We found that optimal power output in terms of reduction of uncertainty closely correlates with the Betz limit and is dependent on the mean induction factor. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Politics of Culture and the Culture of Politics: Examining the Role of Politics and Diplomacy in Cultural Property Disputes
Authors: Shehade Maria , Fouseki Kalliopi 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:This article constitutes the first systematic attempt to synthesize the role of politics as an affecting dynamic during the negotiation of cultural property disputes. The article limits its scope to disputes concerning the ownership of cultural artifacts between states and museums settled through negotiation and to the subsequent claims for the return of the contested objects. The discussion focuses on four ways in which the negotiation process is affected when states act as claimants, including the discourse and argumentation used, the available means to pressure the other party to negotiate, the possible political interventions, and the international political scene and its effect on the development of the dispute. Through the examination of multiple case studies, it is argued that in such disputes, several elements related to the role of politics are at interplay affecting the evolution of the negotiation process. Finally, it is also argued that the role of politics as an affecting dynamic during the negotiation process is multi-dimensional, consisting of many different interrelated dynamics that can potentially alter the course of the process.
The prey’s scent – Volatile organic compound mediated interactions between soil bacteria and their protist predators
Authors: Schulz-Bohm Kristin , Geisen Stefan , Wubs E R Jasper , Song Chunxu , de Boer Wietse , Garbeva Paolina 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Protists are major predators of bacteria in soils. However, it remains unknown how protists sense their prey in this highly complex environment. Here, we investigated whether volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of six phylogenetic distinct soil bacteria affect the performance of three different soil protists and how that relates to direct feeding interactions. We observed that most bacteria affected protist activity by VOCs. However, the response of protists to the VOCs was strongly dependent on both the bacterial and protist interacting partner. Stimulation of protist activity by volatiles and in direct trophic interaction assays often coincided, suggesting that VOCs serve as signals for protists to sense suitable prey. Furthermore, bacterial terpene synthase mutants lost the ability to affect protists, indicating that terpenes represent key components of VOC-mediated communication. Overall, we demonstrate that volatiles are directly involved in protist−bacterial predator−prey interactions.
An integrated modelling framework from cells to organism based on a cohort of digital embryos
Authors: Villoutreix Paul , Delile Julien , Rizzi Barbara , Duloquin Louise , Savy Thierry , Bourgine Paul , Doursat René , Peyriéras Nadine 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe conducted a quantitative comparison of developing sea urchin embryos based on the analysis of five digital specimens obtained by automatic processing of in toto 3D+ time image data. These measurements served the reconstruction of a prototypical cell lineage tree able to predict the spatiotemporal cellular organisation of a normal sea urchin blastula. The reconstruction was achieved by designing and tuning a multi-level probabilistic model that reproduced embryo-level dynamics from a small number of statistical parameters characterising cell proliferation, cell surface area and cell volume evolution along the cell lineage. Our resulting artificial prototype was embedded in 3D space by biomechanical agent-based modelling and simulation, which allowed a systematic exploration and optimisation of free parameters to fit the experimental data and test biological hypotheses. The spherical monolayered blastula and the spatial arrangement of its different cell types appeared tightly constrained by cell stiffness, cell-adhesion parameters and blastocoel turgor pressure.