bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le rêve d'amour de d' Alembert
Authors: Pascal Jean-Noël 
Published: June 2016

Jean-Noël Pascal : D'Alembert's dream of love.
After a brief account of d'Alembert's relationship with Julie de Lespinasse, this article studies the two "tombs" which the mathematician dedicated to his friend. It appears that the woman who looked on him as simply a friend was the object on his part of a devouring, romantic passion, which appears under the effect of the shock of her death but loses its pathetic spontaneity as time passes. D'Alembert appears to have dreamed an impossible love for Julie de Lespinasse.
Travaux récents sur d'Alembert (1970-1983)
Authors: Chouillet Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2016

Anne-Marie Chouillet : Recent work on d'Alembert (1970-1983).
This survey does not claim to be exhaustive ; its aim is simply to give the titles of the main recent articles or books, covering a wide range of subjects, which concern d'Alembert and which, in view of the diversity of disciplines involved, might be overlooked. We also attempt to give the most up-to-date information on the edition of his Works and correspondence.
Diderot et le portrait de Perronet : Trois lettres inédites
Authors: Moureau François 
Published: June 2016

François Moureau : Diderot on Perronet's portrait : three unpublished
letters.
In a dossier put together by J. Doucet at the Bibliothèque d'Art et d'Archéologie de l'Université de Paris are all the documents concerning the engraving of the portrait of J.-R. Perronet, founder of the Ecole des Ponts et Chaussées and Encyclopaedist. Saint-Aubin's drawing was engraved by Ch. N. Cochin and the inscription was entrusted to Diderot. Two of his letters to P. Ch. Lesage, who was asked by the School to carry out this engraved tribute, and one letter to Perronet are of interest to Diderot specialists in view of Diderot's strange relationship with Perronet, lover of Mme Legendre, Sophie Volland's sister. There is perhaps a trace of irony in the inscription, where he celebrates "the friend and the father".
Prévoyance sociale ou charité ? Les retraites des employés de la Régie générale (1777-1786)
Authors: Logette Aline 
Published: June 2016

Aline Logette : Social insurance or charity ? the pensions of the "régie générale'"s employees (1777-1786).
During the Old Regime, civil servants were of many sorts and had no real security, as the State did not provide for "accidents" due to sickness, old age, death. However, there were certain departments, mainly fiscal, which were ahead of their time ; such was the "Régie générale" in the 18th Century, which was mainly concerned with the management of indirect taxation. Even if its individual decisions were closer to charity than to an ideal of public service (each case was decided separately by the Minister) nevertheless we can already see guidelines for each category of employee and the beginnings of the social function of the modern state.
Cassandre et Calas. Une nouvelle version de la lettre de Voltaire à d'Alembert (29 mars 1762)
Authors: Artigas-Menant Geneviève 
Published: June 2016

Geneviève Menant-Artigas : Cassandra and Calas ; a new version of Voltaire's letter to d'Alembert.
The version of Voltaire's letter to d'Alembert on the Calas affair (29th March 1762) which was published in the English press in July 1762 was denounced by Voltaire as a forgery ; all his editors have reproduced a much milder and shorter letter. The discovery of two unpublished copies of the long version at the Library in Vire (one of which is given here with all the English and French variants) enables us to see how the false letter came about. The first part is a rearrangement of Voltaire's real letter, and the second part is in fact an accompanying commentary, probably by the journalist Jacques Lacombe, which was included by mistake as part of Voltaire's letter.
Diderot éditeur des Plans et statuts des établissements de Catherine II
Authors: Dulac Georges 
Published: June 2016

Georges Dulac : Diderot as editor of the "plans et statuts des établissements de Catherine II"
Since the Plans et Statuts were first published in 1775, scholars have attempted to judge how much of it is Diderot's ; now a manuscript gives a convincing answer, for, written at the time of the philosopher's stay in St. Petersburgh, it gives a state of the text which precedes his alterations. At St. Petersburgh, Diderot revised the passages of his "feuillet sur l'école des cadets", which had been added on Clerc's, the translator's, authority ; but the main corrections were done at The Hague, before printing. It was here that he transformed some of his declarations to Catherine. This discovery can perhaps throw light on the respective aims and tactics of the philosopher and the Empress. Finally, Diderot considerably improved the original text's quality by adding a dozen hitherto unidentified additions, the most important of which is six pages long.
Le sang des Atrides. Sur les tragédies de Crébillon
Authors: Giaufret Colombani Hélène 
Published: June 2016

Hélène Giaufret : The blood of the Atrides.
The elder Crébillon has been considered as the dramatist of horror ; the cup of blood offered to Thyestes by Atreus seems to have exerted a sort of fascination over critics. Thus a new reading of these tragedies must take as its starting point the theme of blood. A textual analysis reveals a high frequency of the lexeme blood and the predominance of figurative over literal uses. Through metaphors, synecdoches and metonymies, blood stands for both life and death, the individual, his ancestors, descendants, family and even caste. Concordances enable us to see the different roles of blood. Thus characters are caught in the trap of tragic language which leads them astray ; Atreus alone seems to keep a grasp on reality, but he succeeds in restoring language's univocity only by violating ethical and natural laws.
L'Histoire d'une Grecque moderne de Prévost : une rhétorique de l'exemple
Authors: Sermain Jean-Paul 
Published: June 2016

Jean-Paul Sermain : Prévost's "Histoire d'une grecque moderne" : the
rhetoric of example.
In his Histoire d'une Grecque moderne, Prévost creates a distance from his narrator not only by casting doubts as to his impartiality and sanity, but also by showing clearly all the choices and rhetorical devices of his account. In addition, by means of the interspersed stories and anecdotes, he demonstrates how the ambassador's memoirs are made up of literary formulae, models and stereotypes. Thus the novel appears as a reflection on the role of rhetorical constraints and poetical conventions ; this story is also telling us how a story is told.
Naissance au Japon de l'autobiographie moderne : Oritaku shiba no ki (Souvenirs de ma vie) d'Araï Hakuseki
Authors: Nakagawa Hisayasu 
Published: June 2016

Hisayasu Nakagawa : The birth of modern autobiography in Japan.
At the beginning of the 18th Century Japan produced its first modern literary autobiography, Oritaku-Shiba-no-Ki (Memoirs of my Life), written by Hakuseki Arai, a high-ranking official in the then Tokugawa Shogunate government. Japanese society of the 18th Century shows a striking similarity with French society in that it was characterised by growing secularisation and "embourgeoisement" ; this resulted in political and economic crises and a series of reforms enacted by the government in an attempt to overcome them. Through an analysis of this work, this article reveals the author as an enlightened rationalist, a type which emerged for the first time in Japanese literary history, in contrast with the French philosophes.
Le livre français dans la bibliothèque de Jovellanos
Authors: Aguilar Piñal Francisco 
Published: June 2016

Francisco Aguilar-Pinal : French books in Jovellanos's library.
The Spanish writer and reformer Jovellanos (1744-1811) was a tireless reader. The inventory of his library, drawn up in 1778, which contains 857 titles in six languages, reveals the importance of French books, which are the most numerous after the Spanish ones ; these are books printed in France, books in French and books translated into Spanish from French. In this "enlightened" library, however, none of the books question the religion, morals or political principles of the Old Regime.
La répression contre les protestants dans la seconde moitié du siècle d'après les registres de l'Ancien Régime
Authors: Pappas John 
Published: June 2016

John P appas : The pursuit of Protestants in the second half of the century
in the «registers » of the old regime.
The unpublished letters and dispatches to and from the King's ministers reveal royal policy towards French Protestants between 1750 and 1785. In the 1750s Louis XV developed a plan to crush Protestantism ; to encourage them to perform their marriages and baptisms in the Catholic Church, the Minister, Saint-Florentin, pressured bishops in Protestant areas to relax restrictions against them and omit derogatory remarks on baptismal certificates and parish records. This was to be accompanied by stiffer sanctions against disobedience. Wars deprived the campaign of troops needed to implement the plan and necessitated humouring Protestants to avoid defection. War again interrupted Louis XVI's attempt to revive the policy and by by 1785 there existed ' a tacit toleration ' of Protestants.
Une évasion de protestants nîmois. La fortune de la famille Vernède
Authors: Briggs Éric R. 
Published: June 2016

Eric R. Briggs : A sensational escape by three Protestants of Nimes in
1744, the Vernède family and their fortune.
Abundant documents in archives and other sources permit a reconstruction of the genealogy and a narrative of the rise of the Vernèdes from 1590, perhaps even 1516, to almost 1789. This story is centred upon Noé Vernède (1679-1755), his relatives in France and descendants there or in Holland, England, S. America or the Indies. The vicissitudes of their great fortune show the reactions of royal administrators in a surprisingly favourable light, the solidarity of many intermarried protestant families, their planning for preservation of inheritances against penal laws, the ramifications of their commercial and banking links in France and Holland and in professions, until today. Their case shows how such family histories can contribute to more general aspects of social, religious, political, administrative, commercial and financial history.
L'opéra-ballet et la Cour de France
Authors: Dartois-Lapeyre Françoise 
Published: June 2016

Françoise Dartois-Lapeyre : Balletic opera and the French court.
Balletic opera, that most typical of 18th-century genres, is little known. As it evolved late, its repertory dates from between 1695, date of The Seasons, and 1773. The court was subject, actor and audience, and a source of inspiration for the authors who, in the tradition of court ballet, celebrated royal victories, births and marriages ; but the main theme became the triumph of love rather than glorification of the monarch. In the 18th Century the court became merely a spectator ; Louis XV only danced in one opera and nobles were replaced by professionals from the Royal Academy of Music. Operas were now rarely created at court, except in the period 1745-54 under the influence of the Marquise de Pompadour, the Marquis of Courtenvaux and the Slodtz family. Palaces were ill-adapted to the necessary machinery, spectators preferred to watch a single entry rather than a whole opera, and the genre declined and finally vanished in 1774.
L'opéra-comique à la Cour de Louis XVI
Authors: Pré Corinne 
Published: June 2016

Corinne Pré : Comic opera at the court of Louis XVI.
From 16th December 1774 to 29th May 1789, nearly 550 comic operas were mounted in the different court theatres of Versailles, Fontainebleau during the hunting season, and Choisy. This profusion reflected royal tastes, and particularly those of the Queen. Performances were sumptuous with abundant and varied decors and accessories kept in the storerooms of the ' Menus Plaisirs ' or made especially for the occasion, luxurious costumes and ballets danced by the best members of the Opera. The comic opera was also the favourite genre of the troupe of the nobles in which the Queen, the Comte d'Artois and intimate friends acted. The operas chosen show a preference for sentimentality, parody and light entertainment.
Mozart et les spectacles de cour
Authors: Claudon Francis 
Published: June 2016

Francis Claudon : Mozart and court entertainment.
Mozart is often seen as the symbol of an old-fashioned court art, but in many respects he can be considered to have revitalised and transformed court entertainment, as can be seen from examples concerning mainly Germany and Italy. Court theatre (Hofoper ) was not necessarily Italianising or Francophile, as Mozart showed with Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail, immediately performed throughout Germany. More generally, the fashion for Mozart operas, including his serious ones, shows that people wanted to ' understand ' what was happening even when they preferred lighter works. Above all we see from Mozart's performances that court theatre wanted to become more national and Germanic. That is why certain works which were not originally court commissions, such as The Magic Flute or Don Giovanni became great successes at the beginning of the 19th Century in court theatres throughout Europe.
La querelle de l'inoculation en 1763. Trois lettres inédites de Suard et du chevalier d'Éon
Authors: David Jean-Claude 
Published: June 2016

Jean-Claude David : The innoculation debate in 1763, three unpublished
letters from Suard and the chevalier d'Eon.
Innoculation against smallpox, using a mild form of the disease, was used before Jenner's discovery of vaccination in 1798. However, this prophylactic measure, already known in ancient China, was still not completely accepted in France in 1763, as can be seen from these three letters between Suard, director of the Gazette de France, and Eon, plenipotentiary minister in London. They show the ramifications of this debate concerning a victory of the Enlightenment over the obscurantism of the Medical Faculty and the Paris Parlement.
Condillac à Parme. Lettres inédites
Authors: Grillenzoni Paolo 
Published: June 2016

Paolo Grillenzoni : Condillac in Parma : unpublished letters.
From 1758 to 1767, Condillac was tutor to Prince Ferdinand of Parma, at a time of rapid development of enlightened ideas, in particular concerning pedagogy. There are few extant letters from the tutor to his pupil ; the thirteen letters published here throw new light on Condillac's teaching methods and their relative failure. When the Prince was innoculated, Condillac sent him ten notes full of care and concern. In 1765, on the Prince's accession to the throne of Parma, Condillac wrote three long letters in which we can discern a certain impatience and the beginnings of a profound disappointment.
Les amidonniers et la Régie générale (1777-1786)
Authors: Logette Aline 
Published: June 2016

Aline Logette : Starch-Makers and the tax administration (1777-1786).
The Old Regime society used used much starch and ' powdering powder some for confectionery, more for laundry, and even more for wigs. As the starch-makers had to pay taxes like other artisans, they were also subject to a very close economic control ; the tax administration of the ' Régie générale ' was determined to retain the control of the number of professionals and selected those who were entitled to practice. They were then subjected to rigorous, and even petty, restrictions, both in order to maintain the quality of their produce and to avoid the use of bread-making flour. Hence we find, at the end of the Century, a very interesting exchange of letters between the artisans, the ' Régie générale ' and the Finance Ministry, which had the final say.
Plan d'éducation et modèle politique dans l'Encyclopédie
Authors: Pérol Lucette 
Published: June 2016

Lucette Perol : Education in the «encyclopedie ».
The articles devoted to education in the Encyclopédie are to be found mostly in the early volumes, published before the Jesuits were expelled from France. Teaching in their ' collèges ' is considered from the point of view of the middle classes and is the object of severe criticism, which implies a different conception of education for a different society. Such a society would be a fully active one, run on strict hierarchical lines and concerned with its own stability. Its institutions would make use of all abilities and it would give young men a global view of the interests of the state, even organizing public debates about them.
Bakounine critique de Rousseau
Authors: L'Aminot Tanguy 
Published: June 2016

Tanguy L'aminot : Bakunin as a critic of Rousseau.
The Right has traditionally accused J. J. Rousseau of being the spiritual father of anarchism ; Maurice Barres even said, in 1912, that he had inspired Jules Bonnot and his gang. However, no attention has hitherto been paid to Michael Bakunin's judgment of Rousseau, although he devoted part of his book Federa¬ lism, Socialism, Antitheologism (1867) to a refutation of Rousseau's theory of the origin of society and the social contract. When closely examined, Bakunin's criticism can be seen to be directed against what he called ' Rousseau's school ' — that is, the liberal tradition which emerged from the French Revolution — rather than the works of the Genevan philosopher.
Un enjeu de la pastorale religieuse
Authors: Quéniart Jean 
Published: June 2016

Jean Quéniart : A facet of religious propaganda.
The 18th-century clergy, who were much better trained than their predecessors, distributed works of devotion and catechisms which did not however completely replace earlier texts, whose content was less orthodox and more naive. The continuing localised popularity of the earlier texts was perhaps due to the earlier spread of literacy in some regions. Towards the end of the Old Regime, the fear of ' unsuitable books ' made some priests doubt as to the usefulness of learning, until the progress of literacy forced the clergy to invent a new strategy for influencing popular literature.
La transcription en Basse-Bretagne de quelques textes du 18e siècle
Authors: Balcou Jean 
Published: June 2016

Jean Balcou : The transcription of some 18th-century texts in Lower
Britanny.
In order to illustrate the complex problem of transcription, this article studies, for historical, geographical and cultural reasons, examples taken from Lower Britanny : the folklorist Luzel taking down from his Breton-speaking story-teller the story of ' the Angel and the Hermit ' ; the author and transcriber Le Lae transforming the inoffensive Morin of the chapbooks into a pamphlet sermon ; an anonymous author reducing La Double inconstance to a country romp ; the translator and transcriber Conan annotating his account to show his contribution ; and finally J. Cambry, a man of the Enlightenment captivated by his own collection. These examples all concern an essential aspect of the passage of a text — in this case translation — to a popular audience.
Les mille langues du Père Duchêne : la parade de la culture populaire pendant la Révolution
Authors: Guilhaumou Jacques 
Published: June 2016

Jacques Guilhaumou : The thousand tongues of père Duchêne : The
parade of popular culture during the french revolution.
By his scope and diversity, the figure of père Duchêne (or Duchesne) dominates popular burlesque texts of the Revolution period. This character, modelled on those in Rabelais or fairground theatre, played an important role in the education of the people through comedy, following the principle that ' comic ideas follow closely serious ideas '. This article studies mainly the reception of the different incarnations of père Duchesne by Paris popular opinion. He appears in two main guises : for the Royalists he represents a pseudo-popular ' common sense ' while, at the prompting of Hébert, he points to the permanent social mediation of the Jacobins. All in all, père Duchesne represents popular philosophy.
Le fermier général Helvétius en Lorraine : un projet de réforme (1744-1745)
Authors: Inguenaud Marie-Thérèse 
Published: June 2016

Marie-Thérèse Inguenaud : An unpublished plan by Helvétius for fiscal reform in Lorraine (1744-1745).
Helvétius's activity as a tax-farmer (1738-51) is still little-known ; the discovery, in the Nancy Archives, of this unpublished plan for reform, written by Helvétius in 1744-5 during a tour in Lorraine, throws light on this aspect of his life. This Mémoire tendant à la suppression des péages de Lorraine... proposes the reorganisation here of the Customs and Excise system by the introduction of a single entry and exit tax. The similarity of his arguments to those in De l'Esprit shows the connection between his activities in the Royal service and his philosophy. The common principles behind Helvétius's thought are pragmatism, psychological realism, the primacy of national over individual interest, and egalitarianism.
Musées et lycées parisiens (1780-1830)
Authors: Guénot Hervé 
Published: June 2016

Hervé Guénot : Paris Lyceums and Museums (1780-1830).
The decline of higher education was the main reason for the creation of Museums and Lyceums, whose ideology was modernism, belief in progress, a new pedagogical interest, cosmopolitanism, and a desire for liberty and equality. The institutions were important centres of intellectual life, proposing numerous literary, scientific and artistic activities in the form of lectures, classes and exhibitions. But they were also profit-making businesses, financed by aristocrats and by the high fees they charged. Their success was due to the fact that they attracted a public of writers, academics and amateurs, and the high society. The Museums were run by Academicians and well-known scientists, frequently Free-masons, but they also gave some intellectuals a chance to make their reputations.
Note sur l'existence chez Lelarge de Lignac et Descartes
Authors: Azouvi François 
Published: June 2016

François Azouvi : On existence in Lelarge de Lignac and Descartes.
Lelarge de Lignac criticised the Cartesian Cogito as being incapable of providing a basis for existence as " mine ", and he refused doubt as being insufficient to destroy the " prejudice that the world exists ". He thus shows the importance, in the mid-century, of the status of subjective existence. The question thus arises as to whether he is an anti-Cartesian.
Les débuts de la maçonnerie en Espagne
Authors: Randouyer Françoise 
Published: June 2016

Françoise Randouyer : The beginnings of Freemasonry in Spain.
A theory, dating from 1880 and generally accepted today, holds that Spanish Freemasonry was founded in 1780 by Count Aranda, a minister of Charles III. However, this seems unlikely, for several reasons : the context of the time, with the ever-watchful Inquisition ; the anti-Masonic policy of this king in Naples ; and the character and even life of Aranda. In addition, in the few extant documents, there is hardly any trace of a truly Spanish Masonry, merely a few individuals, usually foreigners, always initiated abroad in traditional centres of international exchanges. There were no regularly constituted lodges at this period (only one, composed of Englishmen, in 1728), and no Obediences. We can only conclude that in 1880 the Freemasons tried to find a precursor in the man who had signed the decree expelling the Jesuits.