bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encountering Work: Intergenerational Informality, Child Labor, and Malnutrition in Urban Ecuador
Authors: Hinrichsen Megan B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article examines the interconnections among informality, child labor, and child malnutrition in households at the bottom of the socioeconomic pyramid in urban Ecuador. Through qualitative interviews with 120 adult informal laborers, mostly street vendors, I elicited stories that not only revealed current labor conditions but also reflected upon whole lives engaged in informal work. Interviews uncovered lifelong structural conditions that perpetuate the social and economic inheritances of intergenerational work in the informal sector and intergenerational patterns of a broader, more inclusive form of child labor termed “encountering work.” Social, political, and economic factors related to informality and child labor maintain structural vulnerabilities that contribute to the emergence and exacerbation of syndemic health conditions, most notably through multiple forms of child malnutrition. The children of these 120 informal sector workers, especially those that encounter work in a variety of ways alongside their parents, demonstrate profound childhood nutritional failures that will likely impact them throughout their lives. The challenges related to intergenerational informality, child labor as encountering work, and child malnutrition can only be understood in the context of pervasive, intergenerational poverty. Encountering work is a survival strategy that allows families to subsist in an unequal society that can simultaneously perpetuate vulnerabilities and inequalities in health and opportunity.
Social Support and Life‐Domain Interactions among Assigned and Self‐Initiated Expatriates
Authors: Ballesteros Leiva Felix , Poilpot‐Rocaboy Gwénaëlle , St‐Onge Sylvie 
Published: November 2017

Based upon conservation of resources theory, this study is the first to explore (1) the relations between life‐domain support received by internationally mobile employees (IMEs) from their organization, supervisors, coworkers, and family and friends and their life‐domain conflicts and enrichments in two directions: work life → personal life (WL → PL) and personal life → work life (PL → WL) and (2) whether these links are different between assigned expatriates (AEs) and self‐initiated expatriates (SIEs). The questionnaire data were collected from 182 SIEs and 102 AEs. Results from multivariate analyses show that (1) the more IMEs perceive receiving life‐domain support from their family and friends and their organization, the less they report life‐domain conflicts and (2) the more IMEs perceive receiving life‐domain support from their coworkers, the more they report life‐domain enrichments. Finally, it appears that AEs' perceived life‐domain organizational support is positively related to their perceived WL → PL enrichments and that SIEs' perceived life‐domain coworker support is negatively related to their life‐domain conflicts in both directions.
Seizure outcomes in patients with anti‐NMDARencephalitis: A follow‐up study
Authors: Liu Xu , Yan Bo , Wang Rui , Li Chen , Chen Chu , Zhou Dong , Hong Zhen 
Published: November 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term seizure outcome and potential factors associated with seizure outcome in patients with anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (anti‐NMDAR) encephalitis.MethodsIn the setting of a prospective, single‐center, longitudinal cohort study, 109 patients were evaluated with ongoing follow‐up. Patients underwent clinical evaluation every 3 months. Seizure outcomes and the potential risk factors were assessed with a median follow‐up of 24 months (6–60 months).ResultsOf 109 patients (47 men; 62 women) with anti‐NMDARencephalitis, 88 patients (80.7%) had reported seizures at acute phase, including single seizure (17/88, 19.3%), repetitive seizures (27/88, 30.7%), nonrefractory status epilepticus (22/88, 25%), refractory status epilepticus (SE; 13/88, 14.8%), and super refractory status epilepticus (9/88, 10.2%). Seizure was more likely to recur in patients with tumor presence, status epilepticus (SE) development, coma, orintensive care unit (ICU) admission in the acute phase (p < 0.05). Seizure freedom was achieved within 2 years in all patients. More than 80% of the whole cohort with acute seizures had their last seizure within 6 months of disease onset.SignificanceSeizure is a common feature in the acute stage of anti‐NMDARencephalitis but not thereafter. The presence of tumor,SE, coma, and/orICUadmission in the acute phase predicts early seizure occurrence after the acute phase. Seizure freedom was typically achieved in our follow‐up, and long‐term use of antiepileptic drugs may not be necessary.
Cannabinoid receptor 1/2 double‐knockout mice develop epilepsy
Authors: Rowley Shane , Sun Xiaofei , Lima Isabel V. , Tavenier Alexandra , de Oliveira Antonio Carlos Pinheiro , Dey Sudhansu K. , Danzer Steve C. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe endocannabinoid system has gained attention as an important modulator of activity in the central nervous system. Initial studies focused on cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), which is widely expressed in the brain, but recent work also implicates cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) in modulating neuronal activity. Both receptors are capable of reducing neuronal activity, generating interest in cannabinoid receptor agonists as potential anticonvulsants. CB1 (Cnr1) and CB2 (Cnr2) single‐knockout mice have been generated, with the former showing heightened seizure sensitivity, but not overt seizures. Given overlapping and complementary functions of CB1 and CB2 receptors, we queried whether double‐knockout mice would show an exacerbated neurological phenotype. Strikingly, 30% of double‐knockout mice exhibited provoked behavioral seizures, and 80% were found to be epileptic following 24/7 video‐electroencephalographic monitoring. Single‐knockout animals did not exhibit seizures. These findings highlight the importance of the endocannabinoid system for maintaining network stability.
The mixed vs the integrated approach to style investing: Much ado about nothing?
Authors: Leippold Markus , Rueegg Roger 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe study the difference between the returns to the integrated approach to style investing and those to the mixed approach. Unlike the mixed approach, the integrated approach aggregates factor characteristics at security level. Recent literature finds that the integrated approach dominates the mixed approach. Using statistical tools for robust performance testing, we demystify these findings as a statistical fluke. We do not find any evidence favouring the integrated approach. What we do find is that the integrated approach exhibits a higher sensitivity to the low‐risk anomaly. However, this reduction in risk does not lead to an improvement in performance.
Hemobilia immediately after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization using drug‐eluting beads for hepatocellular carcinoma with intrahepatic bile duct invasion
Authors: Nishi Maiko , Saeki Issei , Yamasaki Takahiro , Maeda Masaki , Hisanaga Takuro , Iwamoto Takuya , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Hidaka Isao , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi , Takami Taro , Sakaida Isao 
Published: November 2017

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is used as a palliative treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Recently, a novel drug delivery–embolic agent, the drug‐eluting bead (DEB), was introduced for TACE. There are a few reports of tumor hemorrhage after TACE using DEB (DEB‐TACE) for HCC. However, there have not been any reports of hemobilia immediately after DEB‐TACE for HCC with intrahepatic bile duct invasion. Here, the first such case is reported. A 71‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital to undergo DEB‐TACE for multiple HCCs with worsening left intrahepatic bile duct dilatation. She was diagnosed with HCC that extensively invaded the left hepatic duct. After DEB‐TACE through the left hepatic artery, a hepatic arteriogram showed extra flow of the contrast agent to the left hepatic and common bile ducts. Therefore, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of the responsible vessel was carried out using coils, and no extra flow of the contrast agent was identified. The patient was discharged 14 days after TAE without deterioration of liver function. Although hemobilia immediately after DEB‐TACE is rare, there may be increased potential for hemobilia when DEB‐TACE is carried out for HCC with extensive bile duct invasion. We suggest that DEB‐TACE may be contraindicated for such cases.
A min–max solution to optimise planned lead time in a remanufacturing system
Authors: Liu Biyu , Chen Weida , Segerstedt Anders , Yang Haidong , Zhang Qinhong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDetermining a rational planned lead time (PLT) is a critical and difficult problem in production planning, especially for a remanufacturing system. This paper considers an optimisation problem of the PLT in a make‐to‐order remanufacturing system to coordinate disassembly–remanufacturing–reassembly and to improve performance. This optimisation model is designed to determine the PLT that minimises the inventory holding and shortage costs. Given the unknown distribution of remanufacturing time but with known first and second moments, this model is solved by a min–max approach, which can capture distributions with the same first and second moments. How the PLT and total cost are affected by yield rate with different first and second moments, unit holding cost, unit shortage cost and purchasing lead time are also investigated through numerical examples in this paper. The results of this study are shown to be consistent with practice and can be a support to decision‐making in production planning and scheduling for remanufacturing.
Clues for early detection of autoimmune Addison's disease – myths and realities
Authors: Sævik Å. B. , Åkerman A.‐K. , Grønning K. , Nermoen I. , Valland S. F. , Finnes T. E. , Isaksson M. , Dahlqvist P. , Bergthorsdottir R. , Ekwall O. , Skov J. , Nedrebø B. G. , Hulting A.‐L. , Wahlberg J. , Svartberg J. , Höybye C. , Bleskestad I. H. , Jørgensen A. P. , Kämpe O. , Øksnes M. , Bensing S. , Husebye E. S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection of autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is important as delay in diagnosis may result in a life‐threatening adrenal crisis and death. The classical clinical picture of untreated AAD is well‐described, but methodical investigations are scarce.ObjectivePerform a retrospective audit of patient records with the aim of identifying biochemical markers for early diagnosis of AAD.Material and MethodsA multicentre retrospective study including 272 patients diagnosed with AAD at hospitals in Norway and Sweden during 1978–2016. Scrutiny of medical records provided patient data and laboratory values.ResultsLow sodium occurred in 207 of 247 (84%), but only one‐third had elevated potassium. Other common nonendocrine tests were largely normal. TSH was elevated in 79 of 153 patients, and hypoglycaemia was found in 10%. Thirty‐three per cent were diagnosed subsequent to adrenal crisis, in whom electrolyte disturbances were significantly more pronounced (P < 0.001). Serum cortisol was consistently decreased (median 62 nmol L−1 [1–668]) and significantly lower in individuals with adrenal crisis (38 nmol L−1 [2–442]) than in those without (81 nmol L−1 [1–668], P < 0.001).ConclusionThe most consistent biochemical finding of untreated AAD was low sodium independent of the degree of glucocorticoid deficiency. Half of the patients had elevated TSH levels. Only a minority presented with marked hyperkalaemia or other nonhormonal abnormalities. Thus, unexplained low sodium and/or elevated TSH should prompt consideration of an undiagnosed AAD, and on clinical suspicion bring about assay of cortisol and ACTH. Presence of 21‐hydroxylase autoantibodies confirms autoimmune aetiology. Anticipating additional abnormalities in routine blood tests may delay diagnosis.
Prosthodontic Management of a Patient with Moebius Syndrome: A Clinical Report
Authors: Mahrous Ahmed , Thalji Ghadeer 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMoebius/Mӧbius Syndrome (MS) is an extremely rare congenital disorder characterized by uni‐ or bilateral palsy of the abducens (VI) and the facial (VII) nerves, causing facial paralysis. Dysfunction of cranial nerves III through XII is common, most often the glossopharyngeal (IX) and hypoglossus (XII). Afflicted individuals seeking prosthodontic care, particularly removable prosthetics, present multiple challenges related to inherent facial and tongue muscle weakness and microstomia. Other extraoral anomalies may include congenital multiple arthrogryposis and malformations of the upper and lower limbs. This clinical report describes the rehabilitation of a patient with Moebius Syndrome using a maxillary 2‐implant retained overdenture and mandibular partial removable denture prosthesis.
Chronostratigraphic framework and depositional environments in the organic‐rich, mudstone‐dominated Eagle Ford Group, Texas, USA
Authors: Minisini Daniel , Eldrett James , Bergman Steven C. , Forkner Rob 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSince the beginning of the century, several authors have hypothesized and documented the presence of bottom currents during the deposition of mudstones, including mudstones rich in organic matter, challenging the assumption that persistent low‐energy conditions are necessary prerequisites for deposition of such sediments. More processes responsible for transport and deposition of mudstones mean also more processes acting contemporaneously in different parts of a basin. Without a precise and robust chronostratigraphic framework, however, it is not possible to characterize these differences. The new data reported here provide a profoundly different understanding of the controls on sedimentation in distal continental shelf platforms. To enhance the understanding of the different coeval environments of deposition coexisting in a muddy system, the Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Group, deposited on the Comanche carbonate platform, has been investigated by integrating sedimentology, mineralogy, geochemistry and palaeoecology, and creating age models in different physiographic sectors using biostratigraphy and geochronology. Data from two cores and 41 outcrops were analysed with a telescopic approach, from grain scale to basin scale. Nine temporal stages over a ca 8 Myr interval (ca 98 to 90 Ma) were defined in an area that spans 75 000 km2. Finally, the different environments of deposition recorded within each of the nine stages were interpreted. The construction of the chronostratigraphic framework also allowed: measuring the duration of a basin‐wide gradational increase in energy in the water column (ca 1 Myr) and a hiatus confined into the shallower water sector (ca 2 Myr); determining the mean eruption frequency of volcanoes (ca 9 kyr); and the time of inundation of the Western Interior Seaway (97·5 to 97·1 Ma). The context, the outcrops–cores–logs correlations, the large data set (Appendix S1), the high‐precision and well‐calibrated constraints represent an unprecedented contribution for future regional facies models of organic‐rich units and for improvements of key aspects in the industry of unconventional resources.
From Adult Finger Tapping to Fetal Heart Beating: Retracing the Role of Coordination in Constituting Agency
Authors: Solfo Alessandro , van Leeuwen Cees 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSense of agency can be defined as the self‐awareness of bodily movement, whereas extended agency as the self‐awareness of affecting, through movement, events concomitant with movement. As a distinctive manifestation of agency, we review Spizzo's effect. This effect arises when agents coordinate their rhythmic movements with visual pulses. Once coordination is established, agents feel controlling the onset or the offset of the pulses through their movements. Spizzo's effect, therefore, constitutes a manifest case of extended agency, in which agents are aware of controlling, through movement, the pulses temporally concomitant with movement. We propose that sense of agency requires continuity of kinesthesia, which in turn requires the continuity of selfhood. The continuity of kinesthesia is necessarily deduced from the consistent kinematics observed in movements, whereas the continuity of selfhood may stem from the patterns of rhythmic coordination that humans encounter ever since intrauterine life. The primacy of these patterns in adults is in accordance with phenomena such as Spizzo's effect, which require coordination to be induced. We, therefore, propose coordination as the fundamental interaction from which selfhood, kinesthesia, and agency arise.
Hypoid Gear Design Beyond Conventional Approach
Authors: Wang J. C. , Kuan Scott , Hirao W. Yukio 
Published: November 2017

Conventional hypoid gear design approach utilizes specific commercial programs provided by gear machine providers. Those programs typically have a set of assumptions as the starting point for the hypoid gear design. That type of approach works well when the overall system performance matches the assumptions.
The gearing systems have been evolving significantly to reach ever-higher customer demands. The condition challenges the engineering community to go beyond the conventional wisdom. As the breakthrough ideas come into the system concept, the conventional hypoid gear design assumptions might not be sufficient to represent the actual performance. Unexpected failure modes and reliability of the products could cause serious consequences. Hypoid gear design based on system concept becomes a more effective approach under such conditions.
This paper presents examples of how system approach helped analyzing and designing hypoid gears for modern powertrain systems in heavy vehicle applications. The effectiveness of such approach makes those systems realistic and reliable to meet extremely strict customer demands.
Conventional hypoid gear design tools require the system to be sufficiently rigid to duplicate the actual gear tooth contacts as observed on the gear tester. Typical relationship between the gear set is represented by E, P, G, and α, which represents three linear displacements and one angle displacement as shown in Figure 1 [1]. This approach works well if the system performance meets all the assumptions defined by the tools.
As the complexity of the system increases, more considerations for hypoid gear design become critical. Analytical tools that take into consideration other components beyond the gear set provide an effective way to understand the hypoid gear performance in different conditions closer to the reality. Figure 2 is an example analytical model of a heavy vehicle carrier [2].
Gear performance could be predicted in advanced engineering stage and compared to experimental results at a later stage of the product development. This approach provides insight into potential risks earlier in a product development cycle and cuts the product development cycle time significantly. Another advantage of this type of approach is the possibility to understand the gear set performance under different operating conditions. Conventional hypoid gear design tools focus primarily on vehicle driving condition. The heavy vehicle industry faces more diversified operating conditions based on customer needs. Figure 3 is one example showing the analysis results of one testing condition where ring gear concave side drives pinion convex side (coast mode).
Clearance-Induced Position Uncertainty of Planar Linkages and Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Ting Kwun-Lon , Hsu Kuan-Lun 
Published: November 2017

The paper presents a simple and effective kinematic model and methodology, based on Ting’s N-bar rotatability laws [2629], to assess the extent of the position uncertainty caused by joint clearances for any linkage and manipulators connected with revolute or prismatic pairs. The model is derived and explained with geometric rigor based on Ting’s rotatability laws. The significant contribution includes (1) the clearance link model for P-joint that catches the translation and oscillation characteristics of the slider within the clearance and separates the geometric effect of clearance from the input error, (2) a simple uncertainty linkage model that features a deterministic instantaneous structure mounted on non-deterministic flexible legs, (3) the generality of the method, which is effective for multiloop linkages and parallel manipulators.
The discussion is carried out through symmetrically constructed planar eight-bar parallel robots. It is found that the uncertainty region of a three-leg parallel robot is enclosed by a hexagon, while that of its serial counterpart is enclosed by a circle inscribed by the hexagon. A numerical example is also presented. The finding and proof, though only based on three-leg planar 8-bar parallel robots, may have a wider implication suggesting that based on kinematics, parallel robots tends to inherit more position uncertainty than their serial counterparts. The use of more loops in parallel robots cannot fully offset the adverse effect on position uncertainty caused by the use of more joints.
A Task-Driven Approach to Optimal Synthesis of Planar Four-Bar Linkages for Extended Burmester Problem
Authors: Deshpande Shrinath , Purwar Anurag 
Published: November 2017

The classic Burmester problem is concerned with computing dimensions of planar four-bar linkages consisting of all revolute joints for five-pose problems. In the context of motion generation, each pose can be seen as a constraint that the coupler of a planar four-bar mechanism needs to interpolate or approximate through. We define extended Burmester problem as the one where all types of planar four-bars consisting of dyads of type RR, PR, RP, or PP (R: revolute, P: prismatic) and their dimensions need to be computed for n-geometric-constraints, where a geometric constraint can be an algebraically expressed constraint on the pose, or location of the fixed or moving pivots or something equivalent. In addition, we include both linear and non-linear and exact and approximate constraints. This extension also includes the problems where there is no solution to the classic Burmester problem, but designers would still like to design a four-bar that may come closest to capturing their intent. Such problems are representative of the problems that machine designers grapple with while designing linkage systems for a variety of constraints, which are not merely a set of poses.
Recently, we have derived a unified form of geometric constraints of all types of dyads (RR, RP, PR, and PP) in the framework of kinematic mapping and planar quaternions, which map to generalized manifolds (G-manifolds) in the image space of planar displacements. The given poses map to points in the image space. Thus, the problem of synthesis is reduced to minimizing the algebraic error of fitting between the image points and the G-manifolds. We have also created a simple, two-step algorithm using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) for the least-squares fitting of the manifolds, which yields a candidate space of solution. By imposing two fundamental quadratic constraints on the candidate solutions, we are able to simultaneously determine both the type and dimensions of the planar four-bar linkages.
In this paper, we present 1) a unified approach for solving the extended Burmester problem by showing that all linear- and non-linear constraints can be handled in a unified way without resorting to special cases, 2) in the event of no or unsatisfactory solutions to the synthesis problem certain constraints can be relaxed, and 3) such constraints can be approximately satisfied by minimizing the algebraic fitting error using Lagrange Multiplier method. In doing so, we generalize our earlier formulation and present a new algorithm, which solves new problems including optimal approximate synthesis of Burmester problem with no exact solutions.