bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threatening the heart and mind of gender stereotypes: Can imagined contact influence the physiology of stereotype threat?
Authors: Allen Ben , Friedman Bruce H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractResearch shows that when a gender stereotype is made salient and the target of the stereotype is asked to perform in the stereotyped domain, targets of the stereotype often perform at a lower level compared to situations when the stereotype was not made salient. The noticeable absence of female faculty and students in math and science departments at coed universities throughout the United States may increase the belief in gender stereotypes and discourage women from pursuing careers in these fields. Contact with counterstereotypical exemplars, such as female science experts, decreases belief in gender stereotypes and increases women's motivation to pursue careers in science. Thus, the present study examined whether imagining an interpersonal interaction with a counterstereotypical exemplar removes the physiological and performance effects of stereotype threat. Subjects were asked to imagine either a nature scene or meeting a female math professor, and were also assigned to either a control or stereotype threat condition. Imagination was used because studies have shown it to be an effective method of simulating interpersonal contact. Subjects were 139 young women (mean age 19 years) recruited from a pool of undergraduates. Results showed that the stereotype threat manipulation elicited greater vagal withdrawal and poorer working memory capacity during the n‐back, and that vagal withdrawal was attenuated when the stereotype threat manipulation was preceded by a brief imagined interaction with a counterstereotypical exemplar. This study provides novel evidence that exposure to counterstereotypical exemplars can diminish cardiovascular reactions to salient information about threatening gender stereotypes.
Effects of Female Dietary Restriction in a Rabbit Growth Line During Rearing on Reproductive Performance and Embryo Quality
Authors: Naturil‐Alfonso C , Lavara R , Vicente JS , Marco‐Jiménez F 
Published: December 2015

ContentsMaternal diet prior to mating has an effect on reproductive performance. We analysed the effect of maternal dietary restriction during rearing on reproductive performance, the embryo development and foetal growth. Females were categorized in two groups: (i) does with ad libitum access to feed or (ii) restricted. Two experiments were performed: (i) after 1 month, receptive females from both experimental groups were artificially inseminated and the reproductive performance was recorded during three reproductive cycles; at the first insemination, the body weight and perirenal fat thickness were recorded, and (ii) females from both experimental groups were inseminated, and 24 h later, embryos were recovered and transferred to recipient females from a maternal line. Later, embryonic implantation was assessed at day 14 by laparoscopy and foetal growth was monitored by ultrasound examination. In experiment 1, no differences in kindling rate was found, but prolificacy was showed to be higher in ad libitum does, which also were heavier than restricted ones. In experiment 2, no differences among does either in body weight, in perirenal fat thickness or in reproductive performance (ovulation rate and embryo recovery rate) were related to differences in feed intake. However, despite similar embryonic implantation losses, embryos from restricted females demonstrated higher foetal and gestational losses. Embryos from restricted does presented lower foetal growth than embryos from ad libitum does. Therefore, our results demonstrated that nutrition before first conception in a rabbit line selected for growth rate may impact on the embryo and results in a disturbance in gestational losses and foetal growth over all reproductive life.
Born Leaders: Political Selection and The Relative Age Effect in the US Congress
Authors: Muller Daniel , Page Lionel 
Published: December 2015

SummaryWe present substantial evidence for the existence of a bias in the distribution of births of leading US politicians in favour of those who were the eldest in their cohort at school. This result adds to the research on the long-term effects of relative age among peers at school. We discuss parametric and non-parametric tests to identify this effect, and we show that it is not driven by measurement error, redshirting or a sorting effect of highly educated parents. The magnitude of the effect that we estimate is larger than what other studies on ‘relative age effects’ have found for broader populations but is in general consistent with research that looks at professional sportsmen. We also find that relative age does not seem to correlate with the quality of elected politicians.
Viral suppression in adolescents on antiretroviral treatment: review of the literature and critical appraisal of methodological challenges
Authors: Ferrand Rashida A. , Briggs Datonye , Ferguson Jane , Penazzato Martina , Armstrong Alice , MacPherson Peter , Ross David A. , Kranzer Katharina 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveMedication adherence is often suboptimal for adolescents with HIV, and establishing correct weight‐based antiretroviral therapy dosing is difficult, contributing to virological failure. This review aimed to determine the proportion of adolescents achieving virological suppression after initiating ART.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched. Studies published between January 2004 and September 2014 including ≥50 adolescents taking ART and reporting on the proportion of virological suppressed participants were included.ResultsFrom a total of 5316 potentially relevant citations, 20 studies were included. Only eight studies reported the proportion of adolescents that were virologically suppressed at a specified time point. The proportion of adolescents with virological suppression at 12 months ranged from 27 to 89%.ConclusionAdolescent achievement of HIV virological suppression was highly variable. Improved reporting of virological outcomes from a wider range of settings is required to support efforts to improve HIV care and treatment for adolescents.
Potential targets of VIVIPAROUS1/ABI3‐LIKE1 (VAL1) repression in developing Arabidopsis thaliana embryos
Authors: Schneider Andrew , Aghamirzaie Delasa , Elmarakeby Haitham , Poudel Arati N. , Koo Abraham J. , Heath Lenwood S. , Grene Ruth , Collakova Eva 
Published: December 2015

SummaryDeveloping Arabidopsis seeds accumulate oils and seed storage proteins synthesized by the pathways of primary metabolism. Seed development and metabolism are positively regulated by transcription factors belonging to the LAFL (LEC1, AB13, FUSCA3 and LEC2) regulatory network. The VAL gene family encodes repressors of the seed maturation program in germinating seeds, although they are also expressed during seed maturation. The possible regulatory role of VAL1 in seed development has not been studied to date. Reverse genetics revealed that val1 mutant seeds accumulated elevated levels of proteins compared with the wild type, suggesting that VAL1 functions as a repressor of seed metabolism; however, in the absence of VAL1, the levels of metabolites, ABA, auxin and jasmonate derivatives did not change significantly in developing embryos. Two VAL1 splice variants were identified through RNA sequencing analysis: a full‐length form and a truncated form lacking the plant homeodomain‐like domain associated with epigenetic repression. None of the transcripts encoding the core LAFL network transcription factors were affected in val1 embryos. Instead, activation of VAL1 by FUSCA3 appears to result in the repression of a subset of seed maturation genes downstream of core LAFL regulators, as 39% of transcripts in the FUSCA3 regulon were derepressed in the val1 mutant. The LEC1 and LEC2 regulons also responded, but to a lesser extent. Additional 832 transcripts that were not LAFL targets were derepressed in val1 mutant embryos. These transcripts are candidate targets of VAL1, acting through epigenetic and/or transcriptional repression.
Sympathetic regulation of blood pressure in normotension and hypertension: when sex matters
Authors: Briant L. J. B. , Charkoudian N. , Hart E. C. 
Published: December 2015

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
Hypertension is a major problem in Western society. Risk of hypertension increases with age, especially in women, who have lower risk compared with men until menopause. This review outlines the sex differences in the sympathetic control of blood pressure and how these mechanisms change with age.
What advances does it highlight?
It has recently been recognized that men and women regulate blood pressure by different physiological mechanisms. This is important for both the understanding and the clinical management of individual patients with hypertension. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding how the regulation of blood pressure in hypertension by the sympathetic nervous system differs between men and women.
The sympathetic nervous system has a central role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure (BP) and in the development of hypertension in humans. Recent evidence points to differences between the sexes in the integrative mechanisms by which BP is controlled, suggesting that the development of hypertension may follow distinct pathways in women compared with men. An important aspect of sympathetic control of BP is its substantial interindividual variability. In healthy young men, the variability in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) is balanced by variability in cardiac output and vascular adrenergic responses, such that BP remains similar, and normal, across a severalfold range of resting SNA values. In young women, variability in resting SNA is similar to that seen in men, but the ‘balancing’ mechanisms are strikingly different; women exhibit greater β‐adrenergic vasodilatation compared with men, which minimizes the pressor effects of a given level of SNA. Ageing is associated with increased SNA and a loss of the balancing factors seen in younger people, leading to an increased risk of hypertension in older people. Loss of oestrogen with menopause in women appears to be linked mechanistically with the decrease in β‐adrenergic vasodilatation and the increased risk of hypertension in older women. Other important factors contributing to hypertension via sympathetic mechanisms are obesity and arterial stiffening, both of which increase with ageing. We conclude with a discussion of important areas in which more work is needed to understand and manage appropriately the sex‐specific mechanisms in the development and maintenance of hypertension.
Acceleration-Based Running Intensities of Professional Rugby League Match Play
Authors: Delaney Jace A. , Duthie Grant M. , Thornton Heidi R. , Scott Tannath J. , Gay David , Dascombe Ben J. 
Published: December 2015

Rugby league involves frequent periods of high-intensity running including acceleration and deceleration efforts, often occurring at low speeds.Purpose:To quantify the energetic cost of running and acceleration efforts during rugby league competition to aid in prescription and monitoring of training.Methods:Global positioning system (GPS) data were collected from 37 professional rugby league players across 2 seasons. Peak values for relative distance, average acceleration/deceleration, and metabolic power (Pmet) were calculated for 10 different moving-average durations (1–10 min) for each position. A mixed-effects model was used to assess the effect of position for each duration, and individual comparisons were made using a magnitude-based-inference network.Results:There were almost certainly large differences in relative distance and Pmet between the 10-min window and all moving averages <5 min in duration (ES = 1.21–1.88). Fullbacks, halves, and hookers covered greater relative distances than outside backs, edge forwards, and middle forwards for moving averages lasting 2–10 min. Acceleration/deceleration demands were greatest in hookers and halves compared with fullbacks, middle forwards, and outside backs. Pmet was greatest in hookers, halves, and fullbacks compared with middle forwards and outside backs.Conclusions:Competition running intensities varied by both position and moving-average duration. Hookers exhibited the greatest Pmet of all positions, due to high involvement in both attack and defense. Fullbacks also reached high Pmet, possibly due to a greater absolute volume of running. This study provides coaches with match data that can be used for the prescription and monitoring of specific training drills.
Enhancement of High-Intensity Actions and Physical Performance During a Simulated Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Competition With a Moderate Dose of Caffeine
Authors: Diaz-Lara Francisco Javier , del Coso Juan , Portillo Javier , Areces Francisco , García Jose Manuel , Abián-Vicén Javier 
Published: December 2015

Context:Although caffeine is one of the most commonly used substances in combat sports, information about its ergogenic effects on these disciplines is very limited.Purpose:To determine the effectiveness of ingesting a moderate dose of caffeine to enhance overall performance during a simulated Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) competition.Methods:Fourteen elite BJJ athletes participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental design. In a random order, the athletes ingested either 3 mg/kg body mass of caffeine or a placebo (cellulose, 0 mg/kg) and performed 2 simulated BJJ combats (with 20 min rest between them), following official BJJ rules. Specific physical tests such as maximal handgrip dynamometry, maximal height during a countermovement jump, permanence during a maximal static-lift test, peak power in a bench-press exercise, and blood lactate concentration were measured at 3 specific times: before the first combat and immediately after the first and second combats. The combats were video-recorded to analyze fight actions.Results:After the caffeine ingestion, participants spent more time in offensive actions in both combats and revealed higher blood lactate values (P < .05). Performance in all physical tests carried out before the first combat was enhanced with caffeine (P < .05), and some improvements remained after the first combat (eg, maximal static-lift test and bench-press exercise; P < .05). After the second combat, the values in all physical tests were similar between caffeine and placebo.Conclusions:Caffeine might be an effective ergogenic aid for improving intensity and physical performance during successive elite BJJ combats.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Tomato Isolate of Parietaria Mottle Virus from Italy
Authors: Martínez Carolina , Aramburu José , Rubio Luis , Galipienso Luis 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
We report here the complete genome sequence of isolate T32 of parietaria mottle virus (PMoV) infecting tomato plants in Turin, Italy, obtained by Sanger sequencing. T32 shares 90.48 to 96.69% nucleotide identity with other two PoMV isolates, CR8 and Pe1, respectively, whose complete genome sequences are available.
Draft Genome Sequence of CO33, a Coffee-Infecting Isolate of Xylella fastidiosa
Authors: Giampetruzzi Annalisa , Loconsole Giuliana , Boscia Donato , Calzolari Alessandra , Chiumenti Michela , Martelli Giovanni P. , Saldarelli Pasquale , Almeida Rodrigo P. P. , Saponari Maria 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequence of
Xylella fastidiosa
CO33 isolate, retrieved from symptomatic leaves of coffee plant intercepted in northern Italy, is reported. The CO33 genome size is 2,681,926 bp with a GC content of 51.7%.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Listeria monocytogenes Serovars, 1/2a and 4b, Isolated from Dairy Products in Brazil
Authors: Pieta Luiza , Campos Fabrício Souza , Mariot Roberta Fogliatto , Prichula Janira , de Moura Tiane Martin , Frazzon Ana Paula Guedes , Frazzon Jeverson 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
is the foodborne pathogen responsible for a bacterial infection called listeriosis. Here, we present the whole-genome sequences of two
L. monocytogenes
serovars, 1/2a and 4b, which are considered the most prevalent in food processing plants and listeriosis outbreaks, respectively.
The practical use of surface electromyography during running: does the evidence support the hype? A narrative review
Authors: Subbu R , Weiler R , Whyte G 
Published: December 2015

Background/aimsSurface electromyography (sEMG) is a commonly used technique to investigate muscle activation and fatigue, which is non-invasive and can allow for continuous measurement. Systematic research on the use of sEMG in the sporting environment has been on-going for many years and predominantly based on cycling and rowing activities. To date there have been no reviews assessing the validity and reliability in sEMG exclusively in running activities specifically during on-field testing. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the use of sEMG in the practical context and whether this be translated to on-field testing.MethodsElectronic literature searches were performed using the Cochrane Library, PUBMED, CINAHL and PeDro without restrictions on the study date to identify the relevant current English language literature.Results10 studies were relevant after title and content review. All the studies identified were all level three evidence based. The general trends of the sEMG activity appear to correlate with running velocity and muscle fatigue seems almost always the consequence of prolonged, dynamic activity. However, these changes are not consistently measured or statistically significant throughout the studies raising the question of the accuracy and reliability when analysing sEMG measurements and making assumptions about the cause of fatigue.ConclusionsAn agreed consensus when measuring and analysing sEMG data during running activities particularly in field testing with the most appropriate study design and reliable methodology is yet to be determined and further studies are required.
T cell neoepitope discovery in colorectal cancer by high throughput profiling of somatic mutations in expressed genes
Authors: Mennonna Daniele , Maccalli Cristina , Romano Michele C , Garavaglia Claudio , Capocefalo Filippo , Bordoni Roberta , Severgnini Marco , De Bellis Gianluca , Sidney John , Sette Alessandro , Gori Alessandro , Longhi Renato , Braga Marco , Ghirardelli Luca , Baldari Ludovica , Orsenigo Elena , Albarello Luca , Zino Elisabetta , Fleischhauer Katharina , Mazzola Gina , Ferrero Norma , Amoroso Antonio , Casorati Giulia , Parmiani Giorgio , Dellabona Paolo 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivePatient-specific (unique) tumour antigens, encoded by somatically mutated cancer genes, generate neoepitopes that are implicated in the induction of tumour-controlling T cell responses. Recent advancements in massive DNA sequencing combined with robust T cell epitope predictions have allowed their systematic identification in several malignancies.DesignWe undertook the identification of unique neoepitopes in colorectal cancers (CRCs) by using high-throughput sequencing of cDNAs expressed by standard cancer cell cultures, and by related cancer stem/initiating cells (CSCs) cultures, coupled with a reverse immunology approach not requiring human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele-specific epitope predictions.ResultsSeveral unique mutated antigens of CRC, shared by standard cancer and related CSC cultures, were identified by this strategy. CD8+and CD4+T cells, either autologous to the patient or derived from HLA-matched healthy donors, were readily expanded in vitro by peptides spanning different cancer mutations and specifically recognised differentiated cancer cells and CSC cultures, expressing the mutations. Neoepitope-specific CD8+T cell frequency was also increased in a patient, compared with healthy donors, supporting the occurrence of clonal expansion in vivo.ConclusionsThese results provide a proof-of-concept approach for the identification of unique neoepitopes that are immunogenic in patients with CRC and can also target T cells against the most aggressive CSC component.
Element flux to the environment of the passively degassing crater lake-hosting Kawah Ijen volcano, Indonesia, and implications for estimates of the global volcanic flux
Authors: van Hinsberg Vincent , Vigouroux Nathalie , Palmer Stephanie , Berlo Kim , Mauri Guillaume , Williams-Jones Anthony , Mckenzie Jeffrey , Williams-Jones Glyn , Fischer Tobias 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Volcanoes play an important role in the global cycling of elements by providing a pathway from the deep Earth to its surface. Here, we have constrained the flux to the environment for most elements of the periodic table for the passively degassing, crater lake-hosting Kawah Ijen volcano in the Indonesian arc. Our results indicate that emissions of Kawah Ijen are dominated by acid water outflow, especially for the ligands (Cl, F, Br), with active fumaroles contributing significant (semi)metals (e.g. Se, As, Sb, Hg), as well as C and S. The compositional signature of emissions from Kawah Ijen is similar to that of major volcanic emitters such as Etna, but element fluxes are smaller. This result provides the prerequisite foundation for extrapolating a small set of measured volcanic gas emissions to a global volcanic flux estimate. However, the aqueous flux (i.e. seepage of volcanic hydrothermal fluids and volcano-influenced groundwater) is at least as important in terms of element release, and the consideration of the gaseous flux alone thus represents a significant underestimate of the impact of volcanoes on their environment and the contribution of volcanic hydrothermal systems to global element cycling.

Supplementary material:
The full datasets of water and fumarole gas chemical analyses are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.2134359
Decreasing capability of the degassing systems at lakes Nyos and Monoun (Cameroon): a new gas removal system applied to Lake Monoun to prevent a future limnic eruption
Authors: Yoshida Yutaka , Kusakabe Minoru , Issa  , Ohba Takeshi , Tanyileke Gregory , Hell Joseph Victor 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

The degassing systems installed in the early 2000s at lakes Nyos and Monoun, Cameroon, have been working well, resulting in significant removal of dissolved gas. However, the systems of both lakes started losing their capability due to a reduced CO
2
partial pressure in the bottom waters, especially after installation of additional pipes in 2011. After initiation of a degassing operation, changes in CO
2
profiles in the bottom layer of Lake Nyos over time showed that gas-poor shallow water has descended to the bottom, leaving little CO
2
in the bottom water. The degassing system at Lake Monoun has completely lost its gas self-lift capability as the reduced CO
2
partial pressure in the bottom water is too low to sustain the gas-lift system, and all the degassing pipes stopped working in 2010. This situation led to the accumulation of CO
2
due to continued natural recharge of magmatic CO
2
. To compensate this recharge of gas, we installed a new deep water removal system that is driven by solar power at Lake Monoun in December 2013. This system does not need power lines, fuel or complicated maintenance, thus it is convenient for remote lakes such as lakes Monoun and Nyos.