bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the dispersal and depositional processes of the suspended sediment in the central South Yellow Sea during the winter
Authors: Gao Fei , Qiao Lulu , Li Guangxue 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe muddy area in the centre of the South Yellow Sea (SYS) is formed and characterized by fine‐grained particles since the Yellow Sea circulation system became stable before 8000 years. The distribution and thickness of the central South Yellow Sea muddy area are both updated based on the interpretation of eight high‐resolution sub‐bottom profiles in central SYS, 2012. The area mainly locates within 34.5°–36.5°N, 122°–124.5°E, showing thick in the north and west and thin in the south and east with a ‘┌’ shape. The maximum thickness is up to 11 m. Meanwhile, there appears a weak deposition belt in the transition zone between the central South Yellow Sea muddy area and the slope deposit body surrounding Shandong Peninsula. In this paper, a numerical simulation under wind‐driven circulation in winter is established to study the dispersal and depositional processes of the suspended sediment. Studies show that the presence of a weak‐current‐low‐energy area by the tide is the primary factor to control the muddy area in central South Yellow Sea with similar results to previous research, but we find that the sediment is transported by the Yellow Sea Warm Current in winter. In winter, the Yellow Sea Warm Current can carry the southern sediment into here and we believe that it is the main driving force to transport sediment into the muddy area. The weak deposit band of the simulation result and measurement matched well; it is controlled by the shear front of the Yellow Sea Warm Current and the Yellow Sea Coastal Current. The shear front plays the role of a ‘water barrier’ to prevent the sediment carried by the Yellow Sea Coastal Current spreading directly to the muddy area and the sediment carried by the Yellow Sea Warm Current spreading to the coastal zone, so the weak deposit band arose. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ANXIETY AND ATTACHMENT TO THE MOTHER IN PRESCHOOLERS RECEIVING PSYCHIATRIC CARE: THE FATHER–CHILD ACTIVATION RELATIONSHIP AS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR
Authors: Gaumon Sébastien , Paquette Daniel , Cyr Chantal , Émond‐Nakamura Mutsuko , St‐André Martin 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThis 49‐family study is the first to explore the father–child relationship in a clinical population of preschoolers (at a tertiary care child psychiatry clinic) and to examine its relation to child anxiety and attachment to the mother. A moderation model of the father–child activation relationship on the relation between attachment to the mother and child anxiety was tested and discussed. Analyses confirmed the expected independence between mother–child attachment and father–child activation as well as the association between mother–child attachment and anxiety. The highest levels of anxiety were found in insecure children, and more specifically, in insecure‐ambivalent children and insecure disorganized‐controlling children of the caregiving subtype. Hypotheses regarding the relation between anxiety and activation were only partially confirmed. Finally, the activation relationship with the father was shown to have a moderating effect on the relation between attachment to the mother and child anxiety; activation by the father may be considered either a protective or a risk factor. Results for this clinical population of young children are discussed in the light of attachment theory and activation relationship theory. The study's findings have the potential to contribute to the development of preventative, diagnostic, and intervention programs that take both parental figures into account.
Assessment and prediction of the first‐flowering dates for the major fruit trees in Korea using a multi‐RCM ensemble
Authors: Hur Jina , Ahn Joong‐Bae 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAn impact of global warming on the first‐flowering date (FFD) of cherry, peach and pear in north‐eastern Asia are investigated using the Korean national scenario. For the study, we used the dynamically downscaled daily temperature with 12.5 km horizontal resolution derived from five regional climate models (RCMs) under the same lateral forcing from HadGEM2‐AO on the basis of Historical (1981–2010) and four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) (2021–2100) scenarios. According to our analysis of the Historical simulations, the five RCMs and phenological model have good capability in simulating temperature and FFD with uncertainties of about 2.4–3.4 °C and 8.4–13.9 days, respectively, while well reflecting the topographical effect. On the basis of the highest emission scenario (RCP8.5), the temperature increments of 4.8 °C induce an acceleration in blooming rate, thereby advancing the FFDs of cherry, peach and pear by the end of the 21st century by about 14.5, 15.8 and 14.5 days, respectively, compared with the current reference simulation (Historical). We found high availability of the Korean national scenarios with moderate reliability. We believe that the next generation of the Korean national downscaling project considering diverse lateral forcing will offer better performance and more useful projections to end users.
Climate indicators for lightning over sea, sea–land mixed and land‐only surfaces in India
Authors: Chate D. M. , Tinmaker M. I. R. , Aslam M. Y. , Ghude Sachin D. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, we investigate indicators for lightning activity by analysing the data of surface heat flux, Bowen ratio (ratio of sensible to latent heats) and cloud base height for a period of 16 years (1998–2013) over Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) (25°–27°N, 80°–88°E), Indian land excluding IGP (8°–36°N, 68°–98°E) and 10 years (2000–2009) over Indian seas [Arabian Sea (5°–20°N, 65°–80°E) + Bay of Bengal (5°–20°N, 80°–98°E)]. Lightning activity varies with the surface heat flux, Bowen ratio and cloud base height over India. Over Indian land, annual lightning flash counts are found to be more by 32 and 24% than those over IGP and Indian seas, respectively. Total heat flux (sensible + latent) and lightning flash counts show a strong correlation coefficient of 0.75 for Indian land and 0.73 for IGP relative to that of Bowen ratio with lightning flash count (0.63 for Indian land and 0.19 for IGP). Hence, the total heat flux represents the best parameter for describing lightning activity over IGP and Indian land. Bowen ratio ≥1 in pre‐monsoon increases lightning flash counts over IGP and Indian land. Cloud base height (a measure of moisture) and lightning flash counts show values in the order as Indian land > Indian seas > IGP. Geographic asymmetry of Indian land, IGP and Indian seas drive the continental and sea surface–atmosphere interactive processes that corroborate: (1) asymmetric synoptic scale delivery of moisture to Indian land and IGP from Indian seas revises the Bowen ratio, cloud base height and lightning activity, (2) increase in lightning activity with the total heat flux over Indian land and (3) enhance the lightning activity with the cloud base height/liquid condensation level.
Clinical effect of add‐on Primovist‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging on preoperative tumor staging in hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Jin Young‐Joo , Lee Jin‐Woo , Kwon Oh Sang , Jung Young Kul , Kwon Jung Hyun , Jang Jeong Won , Kim Young Seok , Kim Tae Hun , Jeon Yong Sun 
Published: June 2016

Background/AimsWe analyzed the incidence of change of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage after add‐on Primovist‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0 or A as determined by liver dynamic computed tomography (LDCT).MethodsA total of 166 patients enrolled prospectively between August 2012 and December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The rates of stage change after Primovist‐enhanced MRI and the treatment finally adopted in patients with stage change were evaluated.ResultsOf the 166 patients, 24 (18.6%) had truly new HCCs. Forty‐six (27.7%) and 120 (72.3%) patients had BCLC stages 0 and A, respectively, before Primovist‐enhanced MRI, but after Primovist‐enhanced MRI, 28 (16.9%), 134 (80.7%), and 4 (2.4%) patients had BCLC stages 0, A, and B, respectively. Tumor stage changed in 22 (13.3%) patients, from 0 to A (18, 39.1%) or A to B (4, 3.3%).ConclusionsAdd‐on Primovist‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can change BCLC stage with 13.3% in patients with BCLC 0 or A staged HCC, as determined by LDCT. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:106–111. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Orthogonal separation protocol for the simultaneous preparation of four medically active compounds from Anemarrhenae Rhizoma by sequential polyamide and macroporous resin adsorbent chromatography
Authors: Nian Sihui , Liu Ehu , Fan Yong , Alolga Raphael N. , Li Huijun , Li Ping 
Published: June 2016

The green and efficient preparation of natural products from biomass is considered an important area of interest in pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we aimed to provide a practical example with a popular traditional Chinese medicine, Anemarrhenae Rhizome, and showcase the orthogonal use of column chromatography with polyamide and macroporous adsorption resins to selectively concentrate and efficiently purify four bioactive compounds: neomangiferin (NMF), mangiferin (MF), timosaponin B‐II (TS B‐II), and timosaponin A‐III (TS A‐III). First, polyamide T60–100 was employed to fractionalize the crude extracts of Anemarrhenae Rhizome. Macroporous resin HPD400 was subsequently used to purify the xanthones and steroidal saponins. Under the optimized conditions, 2.31 g of NMF, 4.10 g of MF, 12.87 g of TS B‐II, and 2.78 g of TS A‐III were prepared from 1 kg of crude materials, and their purities were 90.0, 92.15, 90.8, and 92.61%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the combined column chromatography with polyamide and macroporous adsorption resins can be referenced as a green and efficient alternative for large‐scale purification of bioactive ingredients from herbal raw materials.
Surgeon volume in thyroid surgery: Surgical efficiency, outcomes, and utilization
Authors: Meltzer Charles , Klau Marc , Gurushanthaiah Deepak , Tsai Joanne , Meng Di , Radler Linda , Sundang Alvina 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo test our hypothesis that high‐surgeon volume is associated with improved surgical efficiency and 30‐day outcomes, and lower hospital utilization.Study DesignRetrospective observational cohort, 2008–2013.MethodsA total of 3,135 patients with hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy performed by a high‐volume surgeon, propensity score‐matched to 3,135 patients with the same procedure performed by a low‐volume surgeon. All‐cause 30‐day complication, mortality, readmission, and emergency department visit rates, proportion of outpatient procedures, cut‐to‐close time, and length of stay were assessed.ResultsHemithyroidectomies: Compared to low‐volume surgeons, high‐volume surgeons had fewer readmitted patients (2.7% vs. 7.0%, P < .05), more outpatient procedures (46% vs. 29%, P < .05), and shorter lengths of stay (mean [standard deviation] 16.6 [22.1] vs. 21.7 [27.5] hours, P < .05) and surgical (cut‐to‐close) times (1.7 [0.7] vs. 2.0 [1.1] hours, P < .05). Total thyroidectomies: High‐volume surgeons had lower rates of all surgery‐related complications (5.7% vs. 7.5%, P < .05), hypocalcemia (4.9% vs. 7.0%, P < .05), surgical site infections (0.3% vs. 1.0%, P < .05), more outpatient procedures (13% vs. 3%, P < .05), shorter lengths of stay (29.9 [32.8] vs. 39.8 [36.2] hours, P < .05), and cut‐to‐close times (2.4 [1.1] vs. 3.0 [1.7] hours, P < .05).ConclusionHigh‐volume surgeons improve patient safety and have the potential to contribute to organizational efficiency that may be underutilized in some settings.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:2630–2639, 2016
The microbiome of otitis media with effusion
Authors: Chan Chun Ling , Wabnitz David , Bardy Jake Jervis , Bassiouni Ahmed , Wormald Peter‐John , Vreugde Sarah , Psaltis Alkis James 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisThe adenoid pad has been considered a reservoir for bacteria in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion. This study aimed to characterize the middle ear microbiota in children with otitis media with effusion and establish whether a correlation exists between the middle ear and adenoid microbiota.Study DesignProspective, controlled study.MethodsMiddle ear aspirates adenoid pad swabs were collected from 23 children undergoing ventilation tube insertion. Adenoid swabs from patients without ear disease were controls. Samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform.ResultsThirty‐five middle ear samples were collected. The middle ear effusion microbiota was dominated by Alloiococcus otitidis (23% mean relative abundance), Haemophilus (22%), Moraxella (5%), and Streptococcus (5%). Alloiococcus shared an inverse correlation with Haemophilus (P = .049) and was found in greater relative abundance in unilateral effusion (P = .004). The microbiota of bilateral effusions from the same patient were similar (P < .001). However, the otitis media with effusion microbiota were found to be dissimilar to that of the adenoid (P = .01), whereas the adenoid microbiota of otitis media with effusion and control patients were similar (P > .05) (permutational multivariate analysis of the variance).ConclusionsDissimilarities between the local microbiota of the adenoid and the middle ear question the theory that the adenoid pad is a significant reservoir to the middle ear in children with otitis media with effusion. A otitidis had the greatest cumulative relative abundance, particularly in unilateral effusions, and shares an inverse correlation with the relative abundance of Haemophilus.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:2844–2851, 2016
Frequency comb generation in the green using silicon nitride microresonators
Authors: Wang Leiran , Chang Lin , Volet Nicolas , Pfeiffer Martin H. P. , Zervas Michael , Guo Hairun , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Bowers John E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOptical frequency combs enable precision measurements in fundamental physics and have been applied to a growing number of applications, such as molecular spectroscopy, LIDAR and atmospheric trace‐gas sensing. In recent years, the generation of frequency combs has been demonstrated in integrated microresonators. Extending their spectral range to the visible is generally hindered by strong normal material dispersion and scattering losses. In this paper, we report the first realization of a green‐light frequency comb in integrated high‐Q silicon nitride (SiN) ring microresonators. Third‐order optical non‐linearities are utilized to convert a near‐infrared Kerr frequency comb to a broadband green light comb. The 1‐THz frequency spacing infrared comb covers up to 2/3 of an octave, from 144 to 226 THz (or 1327‐2082 nm), and the simultaneously generated green‐light comb is centered around 570‐580 THz (or 517‐526 nm), with comb lines emitted down to 517 THz (or 580 nm) and up to 597 THz (or 502 nm). The green comb power is estimated to be as high as −9.1 dBm in the bus waveguide, with an on‐chip conversion efficiency of −34 dB. The proposed approach substantiates the feasibility of on‐chip optical frequency comb generation expanding to the green spectral region or even shorter wavelengths.
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Visible Light Induced RAFT Polymerization of 2‐Vinylpyridine without Exogenous Initiators or Photocatalysts
Authors: Luo Juxiang , Li Mingchun , Xin Meihua , Sun Weifu , Xiao Wangchuan 
Published: June 2016

The controlled radical polymerization of 2‐vinylpyridine is reported using commercial blue light‐emitting diodes as visible light source in the presence of S‐1‐dodecyl‐S′‐(α,α′‐dimethyl‐α″‐aceticacid) trithiocarbonate without exogenous initiators or photocatalysts. With this system, poly(2‐vinylpyridine) with well‐regulated molecular weight and narrow dispersity (Đ) (Đ = 1.13) and a conversion efficiency of 84.9% is obtained after 9 h irradiation. The polymerization can be instantly switch “on” or “off” in response to visible light while maintaining a linear increase in molecular weight with conversion and first order kinetics. These results demonstrate the simplicity and efficiency of the photocatalysts‐free, visible light mediated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization as a platform to achieve well‐defined poly(2‐vinylpyridine) under mild conditions.image
Incorporation of Hydrophobic Dyes within Cellulose Acetate and Acetate Phthalate Based Nanoparticles
Authors: Schulze Peter , Gericke Martin , Scholz Friedrich , Wondraczek Holger , Miethe Peter , Heinze Thomas 
Published: June 2016

Polysaccharide based nanoparticles (NP) have demonstrated a unique potential for biomedical and biotechnological applications. Various functionalities can be covalently linked to these NP, however, physical entrapment of functional compounds is still a highly desired approach, e.g., for drug delivery. Using different dyes, it is demonstrated how hydrophobic compounds can be incorporated into composite particles derived from cellulosic esters and how the particle properties are affected by the composition. The dye loaded NP are studied by UV–vis spectroscopy to gain insight in the interaction of the hydrophobic compounds with the cellulosic matrix. By using functional cellulose derivatives, in particular carboxylate group bearing acetate phthalates, it is possible to introduce reactive moieties on the NP surface that can be exploited for coupling additional functionalities such as antibodies. By this approach, NP can be obtained that are well suited as dye labels in immunoassay applications.image
Development and Validation of an Automated Sepsis Risk Assessment System
Authors: Back Ji‐Sun , Jin Yinji , Jin Taixian , Lee Sun‐Mi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAggressive resuscitation can decrease sepsis mortality, but its success depends on early detection of sepsis. The purpose of this study was to develop and verify an Automated Sepsis Risk Assessment System (Auto‐SepRAS), which would automatically assess the sepsis risk of inpatients by applying data mining techniques to electronic health records (EHR) data and provide daily updates. The seven predictors included in the Auto‐SepRAS after initial analysis were admission via the emergency department, which had the highest odds ratio; diastolic blood pressure; length of stay; respiratory rate; heart rate; and age. Auto‐SepRAS classifies inpatients into three risk levels (high, moderate, and low) based on the predictive values from the sepsis risk‐scoring algorithm. The sepsis risk for each patient is presented on the nursing screen of the EHR. The AutoSepRAS was implemented retrospectively in several stages using EHR data and its cut‐off scores adjusted. Overall discrimination power was moderate (AUC>.80). The Auto‐SepRAS should be verified or updated continuously or intermittently to maintain high predictive performance, but it does not require invasive tests or data input by nurses that would require additional time. Nurses are able to provide patients with nursing care appropriate to their risk levels by using the sepsis risk information provided by the Auto‐SepRAS. In particular, with early detection of changes related to sepsis, nurses should be able to help in providing rapid initial resuscitation of high‐risk patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of poly(ether ketone)s derived from 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid via nucleophilic aromatic substitution polymerization
Authors: Kanetaka Yusuke , Yamazaki Shinichi , Kimura Kunio 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTFrom the viewpoint of the suppression of the petroleum consumption, aromatic poly(ether ketone)s (PEKs) were prepared by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution polymerization of 2,5‐bis(4‐fluorobenzoyl)furan (BFBF) synthesized from biomass and aromatic bisphenols. The model reaction of BFBF and p‐methoxyphenol revealed that BFBF possessed enough reactivity for the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The polymerizations of BFBF and aromatic bisphenols afforded high molecular weight polymers with good yields in N‐methylpyrrolidone and diphenyl sulfone for several hours. The longer polymerization time brought about the formation of insoluble parts in any solvents and reduction of molecular weight. The obtained PEKs were thermoplastics and exhibited good thermal stability, mechanical properties, and chemical resistance comparable to common high‐performance polymers. The thermal properties were tunable with the structure of bisphenols. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3094–3101
Design and Preparation of Polymer Resin‐Supported Proline Catalyst with Industrial Application Potential
Authors: Xu Mr. Lin , Huang Mr. Jiejun , Zhang Ming , Yu Lei , Fan Yining 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA polymer resin‐supported proline catalyst was developed. The material might serve as an eco‐friendly recoverable organocatalyst with industrial application potential. Its catalytic activity in acetone condensation was tested. Catalyst prepared under optimized conditions showed good performances, giving mesityl oxide (MO), diacetone alcohol (DAA) and isophorone (IP) in up to 87.7 % total selectivity, while the catalyst could be recovered with less than 5 % mass lost and could be reused for at least seven times without deactivation. Being able to convert market‐excess acetone into useful bulk fine chemicals, the catalyst is of significant industrial value.
Small Organic Non–gelators Evincing Radical Control over Morphology and Rheology of a Weak Metallogel
Authors: Biswas Arnab , Mukhopadhyay Sujay , Singh Roop S. , Pandey Daya S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTwo arrays of “Inorganic‐Organic Mixed Gels” (IOMGs) based on terpyridyl complexes have been synthesized combining progelator/non‐gelators with easily available, inexpensive and non‐reactive small organic non‐gelators (SOnGs). This new class of multicomponent gels displays radical changes in morphological patterns and enormous enhancement in their viscoelastic properties relative to weak metallogel (ZTP2G) derived from the progelator only. It has been unequivocally shown that twisting or coiling in gels diminishes as well as their viscoelastic strengths with simple alteration of heteroatoms, their number and positions in SOnGs. Multicomponent gelation is quite complicated considering the susceptibility of anion triggered metallogels towards various external stimuli which has been profoundly outdone. The present approach may be extremely beneficial for negating limitations in the usage of weak metallogels with promising efficacy in specified areas.
Synthesis, Selectivity and Structural Study of New C3‐Symmetric Tripodal Amides as Anion Receptors. An Experimental and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Celis Sergi , Pi‐Boleda Bernat , Nolis Pau , Illa Ona , Branchadell Vicenç , Ortuño Rosa M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSeveral new nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) based C3‐symmetric tripodal amides have been synthesized. The NTA branches are alkyl chains or esters derived from amino acids of different length, namely glycine, β‐alanine and γ‐aminobutyric acid. The behavior of these compounds to entrap different monoanions has been tested revealing that they are good ligands able to form host‐guest complexes with the following affinity order: H2PO4– > CH3CO2– > PhCO2– > Cl–, in DMSO. It was found that, while the end‐group effect (CH3, methyl or benzyl ester) was irrelevant, the length of the branches played a role in the selectivity of the receptors considered and, in special, the glycine derivative has shown remarkably high recognition of H2PO4–. The 1:1 stoichiometry of the complexes has been experimentally determined based on NMR titration and justified by theoretical calculations that also allowed their structure to be predicted for selected instances. Otherwise, formation of bifluoride anion (HF2–) has been experimentally observed by NMR and this fact rends difficult the reliability of the affinity constants determined for fluoride complexes.