bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Etching of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Controlled by Oxygen Gas Pressure
Authors: Yoshida Kaname , Arai Shigeo , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Shirai Manabu , Tanaka Nobuo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe examined the catalytic behavior of platinum nanoparticles supported directly on a multi‐walled carbon nanotube with environmental scanning transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic etching behavior of the platinum nanoparticles toward the carbon nanotube was found to depend on the oxygen gas pressure. We supposed that direction of catalytic etching could be involved with amount of adsorbed oxygen onto catalytic nanoparticles. In situ observations give new insight of morphological control of carbon nanotube etched by catalytic nanoparticles.
From Remote Alkenes to Linear Silanes or Allylsilanes depending on the Metal Center
Authors: Azpeitia Susan , Rodriguez‐Dieguez Antonio , Garralda María A. , Huertos Miguel A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe selective synthesis of linear silanes or allylsilanes from remote alkenes was explored. The cationic, unsaturated, 16‐electron hydrido–silyl–RhIII complex was found to be an efficient catalyst for a tandem catalytic alkene isomerization–hydrosilylation reaction at room temperature under solvent‐free conditions. The analogous hydrido–silyl–IrIII complex was selective for dehydrogenative silylation, which led to the formation of terminal allylsilanes.
Anodic Stability of New Sulfone‐Based Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Flamme Benjamin , Haddad Mansour , Phansavath Phannarath , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie , Chagnes Alexandre 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwenty‐two new bifunctional sulfones containing ester, ether and carbonate moieties have been synthesized in the present work. Their physicochemical properties [dynamic viscosity, ionic conductivity in the presence of lithium bis‐trifluoromethanesulfonimidate (LiTFSI), boiling and melting points] and their anodic stability have been investigated. Major drawbacks for the use of these sulfones in lithium‐ion batteries (LiBs) are their high viscosities and high melting points. Nevertheless, these solvents exhibit high anodic stability at platinum, glassy carbon, and NMC (LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3) electrodes and their ionic conductivities in the presence of LiTFSI remain high enough to envisage their use in LiBs despite their high viscosities. In particular, 3‐methoxytetrahydrothiophene 1,1‐dioxide (MESL) is the most interesting among the 22 synthesized sulfones, because MESL exhibits an oxidation potential at a NMC cathode in the presence of LiTFSI of 4.9 V vs. Li/Li+, an ionic conductivity equal to 1 mS cm−1, and a low melting point as well as a high boiling point.
Ensemble learning model based on selected diverse principal component analysis models for process monitoring
Authors: Li Zhichao , Yan Xuefeng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPrincipal component analysis (PCA) is extensively applied in industrial process monitoring. For optimal performance monitoring, different faults may require different principal components (PCs). However, at present, it only selects PCs of the highest variance to create a single PCA model, thereby leading to information loss and poor monitoring performance. For the solution of this problem, a method based on ensemble learning and Bayesian inference is presented in this paper. First, numerous models are generated according to the randomly selected PCs. Next, the model with the lowest false alarm rate is retained to ensure good model performance. A novel pruning algorithm is then employed to obtain several models comprising great difference (“great difference” means the smaller similarity of the selected PCs when building different PCA models). This method enables the identification of models that can effectively predict various faults, thereby improving the monitoring performance of the ensemble model. Bayesian inference is adopted to determine the final monitoring indicator. Finally, a numerical example was used, and the Tennessee Eastman benchmark process was applied to evaluate monitoring effectiveness and illustrate the excellent performance of ensemble learning and Bayesian inference.
Synergistically Active NiCo2S4 Nanoparticles Coupled with Holey Defect Graphene Hydrogel for High‐Performance Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Tiruneh Sintayehu Nibret , Kang Bong Kyun , Kwag Sung Hoon , Lee YoungHun , Kim MinSeob , Yoon Dae Ho 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNickel cobalt sulfide nanoparticles embedded in holey defect graphene hydrogel (HGH) that exhibit highly porous structures and uniform nickel cobalt sulfide nanoparticle sizes are successfully prepared by a facile solvothermal–hydrothermal method. As an electrode material for supercapacitors, the as‐prepared NiCo2S4@HGH shows ultra‐high specific capacitances of 1000 F g−1 and 800 F g−1 at 0.5 and 6 A g−1, respectively, owing to the outstanding electrical conductivity of HGH and high specific capacitance of NiCo2S4. After 2100 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 6 A g−1, 96.6 % of the specific capacitance was retained, signifying the superb durability of NiCo2S4@HGH. Moreover, remarkable specific capacitance (312.6 F g−1) and capacity retention (87 % after 5000 cycles) at 6 A g−1 were displayed by the symmetric solid‐state supercapacitor fabricated by using NiCo2S4@HGH electrodes. These auspicious supercapacitor performances demonstrate that the as‐developed solvothermal–hydrothermal approach can be widely used to prepare graphene‐coupled binary metal sulfides for high‐performance supercapacitor applications.
Umpolung at Boron: Ancillary‐Ligand‐Induced Formation of Boron‐Based Donor Ligands from Phosphine‐Boranes
Authors: Vondung Lisa , Alig Lukas , Ballmann Monika , Langer Robert 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEasy‐to‐prepare η2‐coordinated phosphine‐borane ligands are demonstrated to liberate hydrogen upon treatment with different σ‐donor/π‐acceptor ligands (CO, tBuNC, CN−). Depending on the utilized ancillary ligand, different reaction pathways are observed, ranging from simple hydride protonation to iron–boron bond formation and subsequent rearrangement to pincer‐type ligands based on a tricoordinate boron centre. The last‐named reactivity is in line with a formal umpolung at the boron centre from a Lewis acidic borane to a Lewis basic boron‐based donor ligand.
Which Factors Control the Nucleophilic Reactivities of Enamines?
Authors: Timofeeva Daria S. , Mayer Robert J. , Mayer Peter , Ofial Armin R. , Mayr Herbert 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChanges in rate constants, equivalent to changes in Gibbs energies of activation ΔG≠, are commonly referred to as kinetic effects and differentiated from thermodynamic effects (ΔrG°). Often, little attention is paid to the fact that structural effects on ΔG≠ are composed of a thermodynamic (ΔrG°) and a truly kinetic (intrinsic) component (ΔG0≠), as expressed by the Marcus equation. Rate and equilibrium constants have been determined for a number of reactions of enamines with benzhydrylium ions (Aryl2CH+), which has allowed the determination of Marcus intrinsic barriers and a differentiated analysis of structure–reactivity relationships. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which the Lewis basicity of a πCC bond towards carbon‐centered Lewis acids (for example, carbenium ions) has quantitatively been determined. The synthesis, structures, and properties of deoxybenzoin‐derived enamines ArCH=C(Ph)NR2, which have been designed as reference nucleophiles for the future quantification of electrophilic reactivities, are explicitly described.
Procedure Model for Standardization and Classification of Modules in Plant Engineering
Authors: Lier Stefan , Grütering Hans‐Dieter , Denker Jan‐Niklas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDie Prozessindustrie steht im intensivierten, globalen Wettbewerb der Herausforderung zunehmender Marktdynamiken gegenüber. Modular aufgebaute, wandlungsfähige Produktionskonzepte versprechen eine verbesserte Anpassung an diese in den Dimensionen Mengenausbringung, Produktmix und Produktionsort. Zur Unterstützung der Anlagenplanung wird zum einen eine Moduldefinition mit den zugehörigen intensiven und extensiven Größen gegeben und zum anderen ein Vorgehensmodell vorgestellt, das Module für eine Anlage klassifiziert und standardisiert. Dieses wird anhand eines generischen Fallbeispiels demonstriert.
Study of the Crystallization and Melting Behavior of a Latent Heat Storage by Computed Tomography
Authors: Kohler Tobias , Kögl Thilo , Müller Karsten 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThermal energy storage based on phase changes is a promising technology. However, heat transfer can often be problematic. A latent heat storage based on the single tube design is analyzed in a computer tomograph. The different densities of the solid and liquid phase change material (PCM) MgCl2·6H2O enable a clear identification of the phases in the computer tomographic images. No supercooling or phase segregation of water from the PCM was observed during melting or crystallization. The volume change, though often neglected, seems to be the biggest issue of the design of latent heat storage systems.
Transparent Wood Smart Windows: Polymer Electrochromic Devices Based on Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrene Sulfonate) Electrodes
Authors: Lang Augustus W. , Li Yuanyuan , De Keersmaecker Michel , Shen D. Eric , Österholm Anna M. , Berglund Lars , Reynolds John R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTransparent wood composites, with their high strength and toughness, thermal insulation, and excellent transmissivity, offer a route to replace glass for diffusely transmitting windows. Here, conjugated‐polymer‐based electrochromic devices (ECDs) that switch on‐demand are demonstrated using transparent wood coated with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a transparent conducting electrode. These ECDs exhibit a vibrant magenta‐to‐clear color change that results from a remarkably colorless bleached state. Furthermore, they require low energy and power inputs of 3 mWh m−2 at 2 W m−2 to switch due to a high coloration efficiency (590 cm2 C−1) and low driving voltage (0.8 V). Each device component is processed with high‐throughput methods, which highlights the opportunity to apply this approach to fabricate mechanically robust, energy‐efficient smart windows on a large scale.
Diet selectivity in a terrestrial forest invertebrate, the Auckland tree wētā, across three habitat zones
Authors: Brown Matthew B. G. J. , Gemmill Chrissen E. C. , Miller Steven , Wehi Priscilla M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInsects are important but overlooked components of forest ecosystems in New Zealand. For many insect species, information on foraging patterns and trophic relationships is lacking. We examined diet composition and selectivity in a large‐bodied insect, the Auckland tree wētā Hemideina thoracica, in three habitat zones in a lowland New Zealand forest. We asked whether H. thoracica selectively forage from available plant food sources, and whether these choices were lipid‐rich compared to nonpreferred available plants. We also identified the proportion of invertebrates in their frass as a proxy for omnivory. From reconnaissance plot sampling, together with fecal fragment analysis, we report that more than 93% of individual tree wētā had eaten invertebrates before capture. Additionally, wētā in the highest elevation hillslope habitat zone consumed significantly fewer species of plants on average than wētā on the low‐elevation terrace habitat. Upper hillslope wētā also had the highest average number of invertebrate fragments in their frass, significantly more than wētā in the low‐elevation terrace habitat zone. Wētā showed high variability in the consumption of fruit and seeds across all habitat zones. Generally, we did not observe diet differences between the sexes (although it appears that male wētā in the mid‐hillslope habitat ate fruits and seeds more voraciously than females), suggesting that the sexes have similar niche breadths and display similar degrees of omnivorous behavior. Extraction of leaf lipids demonstrated a range of lipid content values in available plants, and Ivlev's Electivity Index indicated that plant species which demonstrated high electivity tended to have higher concentrations of lipids in their leaves. Our findings indicate that H. thoracica forage omnivorously and selectively, and hence play multiple roles in native ecosystems and food webs.
Worsening renal function definition is insufficient for evaluating acute renal failure in acute heart failure
Authors: Shirakabe Akihiro , Hata Noritake , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Okazaki Hirotake , Matsushita Masato , Shibata Yusaku , Nishigoori Suguru , Uchiyama Saori , Asai Kuniya , Shimizu Wataru 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsWhether or not the definition of a worsening renal function (WRF) is adequate for the evaluation of acute renal failure in patients with acute heart failure is unclear.Methods and resultsOne thousand and eighty‐three patients with acute heart failure were analysed. A WRF, indicated by a change in serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/mL during the first 5 days, occurred in 360 patients while no‐WRF, indicated by a change <0.3 mg/dL, in 723 patients. Acute kidney injury (AKI) upon admission was defined based on the ratio of the serum creatinine value recorded on admission to the baseline creatinine value and placed into groups based on the degree of AKI: no‐AKI (n = 751), Class R (risk; n = 193), Class I (injury; n = 41), or Class F (failure; n = 98). The patients were assigned to another set of four groups: no‐WRF/no‐AKI (n = 512), no‐WRF/AKI (n = 211), WRF/no‐AKI (n = 239), and WRF/AKI (n = 121). A multivariate logistic regression model found that no‐WRF/AKI and WRF/AKI were independently associated with 365 day mortality (hazard ratio: 1.916; 95% confidence interval: 1.234–2.974 and hazard ratio: 3.622; 95% confidence interval: 2.332–5.624). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the rate of any‐cause death during 1 year was significantly poorer in the no‐WRF/AKI and WRF/AKI groups than in the WRF/no‐AKI and no‐WRF/no‐AKI groups and in Class I and Class F than in Class R and the no‐AKI group.ConclusionsThe presence of AKI on admission, especially Class I and Class F status, is associated with a poor prognosis despite the lack of a WRF within the first 5 days. The prognostic ability of AKI on admission may be superior to WRF within the first 5 days.
Top‐down and bottom‐up characterization of nitrated birch pollen allergen Bet v 1a with CZE hyphenated to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer
Authors: Gusenkov Sergey , Stutz Hanno 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTyrosine (Tyr) residues of the major pollen allergen of birch Betula verrucosa, Bet v 1a, were nitrated by peroxynitrite. This modification enhances the allergenicity. Modified tyrosines were identified by analyzing intact allergen variants in combination with top‐down and bottom‐up approaches. Therefore, a laboratory‐built sheath‐liquid assisted ESI interface was applied for hyphenation of CE to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer to localize individual nitration sites. The major focus was on identification of primary nitration sites. The top‐down approach unambiguously identified Tyr 5 as the most prominent modification site. Fragments from the allergen core and the C‐terminal part carried up to three potential nitration sites, respectively. Thus, a bottom‐up approach with tryptic digest was used as a complementary strategy which allowed for the unambiguous localization of nitration sites within the respective peptides. Nitration propensity for individual Tyr residues was addressed by comparison of MS signals of nitrated peptides relative to all cognates of homolog primary sequence. Combined data identified surface exposed Tyr 5 and Tyr 66 as major nitration sites followed by less accessible Tyr 158 whereas Tyr 81, 83 and 150 possess a lower nitration tendency and are apparently modified in variants with higher nitration levels.
Effects of rock fragment cover on hydrological processes under rainfall simulation in a semi‐arid region of China
Authors: Xia Lu , Song Xiaoyu , Fu Na , Cui Shengyu , Li Lanjun , Li Huaiyou , Li Yaolin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRock fragment cover has long been an important agricultural crop production technique on the Loess Plateau, China. Although this approach plays an important role in controlling hydrological processes and preventing soil erosion, inconsistent results have been recovered in this field. In this study, we investigated the effects of rock fragment cover on infiltration, run‐off, soil erosion, and hydraulic parameters using rainfall simulation in the field in a semi‐arid region of China. Two field plots encompassing 6 rock fragment coverages (0%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 40%), as well as 2 rock fragment positions and sizes were exposed to rainfall at a particular intensity (60 mm h−1). The results of this study showed that increasing the rock fragment coverage with rock fragments resting on the soil surface increased infiltration but decreased run‐off generation and sediment yield. A contrasting result was found, however, when rock fragments were partially embedded into the soil surface; in this case, a positive relationship between rock fragment coverage and run‐off rate as well as a nonmonotonic relationship with respect to soil loss rate was recovered. The size of rock fragments also exerted a positive effect on run‐off generation and sediment yield but had a negative effect on infiltration. At the same time, both mean flow velocity and Froude number decreased with increasing rock fragment coverage regardless of rock fragment position and size, whereas both Manning roughness and Darcy–Weisbach friction factor were positively correlated. Results show that stream power is the most sensitive hydraulic parameter affecting soil loss. Combined with variance analysis, we concluded that the order of significance of rock fragment cover variables was position followed by coverage and then size. We also quantitatively incorporated the effects of rock fragment cover on soil loss via the C and K factors in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. Overall, this study will enable the development of more accurate modelling approaches and lead to a better understanding of hydrological processes under rock fragment cover conditions.
Comparison of dual trigger with combination GnRH agonist and hCG versus hCG alone trigger of oocyte maturation for normal ovarian responders
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Guo Pingping , Chen Xin , Ye Desheng , Liu Yudong , Chen Shiling 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether dual triggering of oocyte maturation with a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and standard dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) can improve clinical outcomes for normal ovarian responders in GnRH antagonist cycles.MethodsThe present retrospective cohort study included women aged up to 40 years with normal ovarian response who underwent in vitro fertilization and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection under the GnRH antagonist protocol at Nanfang Hospital, China, between January 1 and December 31, 2015. Patients were grouped by whether oocyte maturation was triggered with GnRH agonist plus 5000–10 000 IU of hCG (dual trigger) or hCG alone. The primary outcome was live delivery rate.ResultsThere were 325 women included; 224 in the dual trigger group and 101 in the hCG alone group. The live delivery rate did not differ significantly between the groups (P=0.083). The mean number of retrieved oocytes was similar in the two groups (P=0.719), but the mean number of two‐pronuclear embryos (P=0.004), the mean number of embryos available (P=0.001), and the mean number of high‐quality embryos (P=0.011) was higher in the dual trigger group.ConclusionsDual trigger of oocyte maturation was not associated with any change in the live delivery rate but was associated with improvements in the quantity and quality of embryos; it could optimize pregnancy outcomes for normal ovarian responders.
The feasibility and safety of transvaginal bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy
Authors: Sewell Thomas , Courtney Hannah , Tawfeek Sherif , Afifi Reda 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and safety of transvaginal bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (BSO).MethodsThe present retrospective case series included consecutive women who underwent transvaginal BSO at a single general gynecology unit at Weston General Hospital, Weston‐super‐Mare, UK, between February 1, 2011, and July 31, 2014. Transvaginal BSO procedures were performed by an experienced surgeon. Feasibility and safety outcomes were reviewed from patient case notes.ResultsThere were 127 patients included in the analysis. In all, 109 patients underwent transvaginal BSO at the time of vaginal hysterectomy, whereas 18 women underwent this procedure following a previous vaginal hysterectomy. Transvaginal BSO was successful in 126 (99.2%) patients; adverse events occurred among nine (7.1%) patients, including a single occurrence of ureteric injury that was detected and repaired intraoperatively.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that transvaginal BSO was a feasible and safe procedure when conducted by an experienced surgeon.
Bare laser‐synthesized Au‐based nanoparticles as nondisturbing surface‐enhanced Raman scattering probes for bacteria identification
Authors: Kögler Martin , Ryabchikov Yury V. , Uusitalo Sanna , Popov Alexey , Popov Anton , Tselikov Gleb , Välimaa Anna‐Liisa , Al‐Kattan Ahmed , Hiltunen Jussi , Laitinen Riitta , Neubauer Peter , Meglinski Igor , Kabashin Andrei V. 
Published: February 2018

The ability of noble metal‐based nanoparticles (NPs) (Au, Ag) to drastically enhance Raman scattering from molecules placed near metal surface, termed as surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), is widely used for identification of trace amounts of biological materials in biomedical, food safety and security applications. However, conventional NPs synthesized by colloidal chemistry are typically contaminated by nonbiocompatible by‐products (surfactants, anions), which can have negative impacts on many live objects under examination (cells, bacteria) and thus decrease the precision of bioidentification. In this article, we explore novel ultrapure laser‐synthesized Au‐based nanomaterials, including Au NPs and AuSi hybrid nanostructures, as mobile SERS probes in tasks of bacteria detection. We show that these Au‐based nanomaterials can efficiently enhance Raman signals from model R6G molecules, while the enhancement factor depends on the content of Au in NP composition. Profiting from the observed enhancement and purity of laser‐synthesized nanomaterials, we demonstrate successful identification of 2 types of bacteria (Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli). The obtained results promise less disturbing studies of biological systems based on good biocompatibility of contamination‐free laser‐synthesized nanomaterials.
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