bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of insecticides to Chrysodeixis includens and their direct and indirect effects on the predator Blaptostethus pallescens
Authors: Ramos R. S. , Sediyama C. S. , Queiroz E. A. , Costa T. L. , Martins J. C. , Araújo T. A. , Picanço M. C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe soybean looper Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a pest of the soya bean, and increasing populations have been observed on several crops in Brazil. Control of this pest is accomplished using insecticides, particularly with new products recently launched in the market. The effectiveness of these insecticides against C. includens and their impact on natural enemies need further study. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the toxicity of nine insecticides for C. includens and their effects on the Blaptostethus pallescens. Toxicity was increased via the addition of an insecticide synergist, and behavioural changes in Blaptostethus pallescens, an anthocorid predator of C. includens, were assessed. Except for acephate, all other insecticides showed high toxicity to C. includens (mortality >80%). The estimated lethal time (LT50) for C. includens was shorter for methomyl, cartap and spinosad than others six insecticides tested in this work. Chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, deltamethrin, flubendiamide, indoxacarb and spinosad showed selectivity for the predator B. pallescens and exhibited a lower toxicity to the predator than to C. includens. The detoxifying enzymes monooxygenase and glutathione S‐transferase may be involved in the selectivity mechanisms of these insecticides for the predator based on the results obtained with the synergized insecticides. Only the insecticides cartap, indoxacarb and spinosad changed the behaviour of the predator B. pallescens. These three insecticides are repellent, and the predator avoids them. However, the predator tended to remain on the surface treated with flubendiamide longer. Our results suggest that the insecticides chlorfenapyr, chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, spinosad and indoxacarb are the most promising compounds for use against C. includens. These compounds also preserve populations of B. pallescens and allow more sustainable integrated pest management programmes.
Effect of fruit volatiles and light intensity on the reproduction of Bactrocera (Dacus) oleae
Authors: Kokkari A. I. , Pliakou O. D. , Floros G. D. , Kouloussis N. A. , Koveos D. S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is the main pest of olive, a host tree that thrives under conditions of high and direct sun exposure. Although the effect of the olive fruit on the reproduction of the fly has been studied to some extent, there is little knowledge on the effect of light. In the present work, we studied the effect of the presence of olive fruit and light intensity on mating and subsequent egg production of olive flies at 25°C and a photoperiod regime of L : D 16 : 8. The results showed that contact of the adults with the fruit, or exposure to fruit odours, favoured both the extent and the duration of mating. This effect was higher at low than at high light intensity. However, egg production following female access to olive fruit was more favoured by high light intensity. Our results also showed that fruit contact and/or volatile fruit stimuli significantly affect mating and egg production of the olive fly, and that this influence is modulated by light conditions. The results contribute to a better understanding of the reproductive behaviour and population dynamics of the olive fly. On a more practical scale, the results provide important insights into how to improve mass rearing of the fly.
Active packaging systems with emphasis on its applications in dairy products
Authors: Haghighi‐Manesh Soroush , Azizi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNowadays, consumers are more concerned about food safety and quality. The higher demand for healthy, safe, and fresh‐like products, as well as changes in consumer preferences, promotes the development of innovative approaches in technologies to preserve food. On the other hand, the shelf life of most food products depends upon the biological, chemical, and physical interactions between the food, package, and the ambient environment. Therefore, the purpose of modern food quality preservation and assurance with packaging technologies is to enhance food safety and quality as natural a way as possible. In this regard, active packaging is an innovative concept that can be defined as a mode of packaging in which the package, the product, and the environment interact to prolong shelf life or enhance safety or sensory properties, while maintaining the quality of the product.Practical applicationsThe implementation of active packaging is a concept in the field of food packaging which has been developed to prolong a product's shelf‐life and science dairy products are very perishable among most other food products, application of active systems can enhance their food quality and safety properly.
Liver transplantation for patients with alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Artru Florent , Louvet Alexandre , Mathurin Philippe 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlcoholic liver disease, considered as a self‐inflected disease, is an example of how moral judgment may affect ethical exercise of medicine which requires equity and fair utilization of a scarce resource in a context of organ shortage. Some consider that selection process should prioritize access to liver transplantation (LT) for patients who develop liver failure “through no fault of their own” even if limiting care because of a patient's perceived responsibility has been considered unethical. The absence of improvement after alcohol withdrawal, the high short‐term mortality risk and the poor predictability of the 6‐month rule in post‐LT relapse in alcohol consumption in AH patients not responding to medical therapy led to recommend an evaluation of LT. In the French‐Belgian pilot study, 26 patients with severe AH not responding to medical therapy underwent early LT (eLT). Stringent selection criteria were applied. Six‐month and 2‐year survivals of eLT patients were better than that of non‐transplanted matched controls: 77% vs 23% and 71% vs 23% respectively. Alcohol relapse occurred in 12% of patients after eLT. Three studies confirmed these results. The impact organ donation should be limited as showed by a recent survey and the efforts that should be made in public information campaigns based on scientific data and medical ethics. In conclusion, the ongoing accumulation of scientific evidence and requirement of ethical exercise of medicine lead to continue evaluating eLT as a therapeutic option in patients with severe AH not responding to medical therapy.
Liver transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis– The PRO view
Authors: Lucey Michael R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlthough liver transplantation has become accepted as a life‐saving treatment of last resort for most life‐threatening liver disorders, the use of liver transplantation to rescue patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis unresponsive to medical therapy remains controversial. I propose the concepts that alcohol use disorder is an illness, that on occasion results in alcoholic liver disease and that treatment of alcoholic liver disease, including treatment of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, combines treatment of the alcohol use disorder and of alcoholic liver disease. From this I derive the following principal to govern selection of patients for liver transplantation of patients with alcohol use disorder: that alcohol use disorder should impact suitability for liver transplantation as a co‐morbid disorder, in the same way as other common co‐morbid disorders such as diabetes mellitus or systemic hypertension, are factored in the selection process. We should relate the risk of drinking relapse to the prognosis of the patient after transplantation, rather than in a binary construct of likelihood of maintaining abstinence vs drinking.
40Ar/39Ar and (U‐Th)/He model age signatures of elusive Mercurian and Venusian meteorites
Authors: Jourdan Fred , Eroglu Ela 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNo meteorites from Mercury and Venus have been conclusively identified so far. In this study, we develop an original approach based on extensive Monte Carlo simulations and diffusion models to explore the radiogenic argon (40Ar*) and helium (4He*) loss behavior and the range of40Ar/39Ar and (U‐Th)/He age signatures expected for a range of crystals if meteorites from these planets were ever to be found. We show that we can accurately date the crystallization age of a meteorite from both Mercury and Venus using the40Ar/39Ar technique on clinopyroxene (± orthopyroxene) and that its40Ar/39Ar age should match the Pb‐Pb age. At the surface of Mercury, phases like albite and anorthite will exhibit a complete range of40Ar* loss ranging from 0% to 100%, whereas merrillite and apatite will show 100%4He* loss. By measuring the crystal size and diffusion parameters of a series of plagioclase crystals, one can inverse the40Ar* loss value to estimate the maximum temperature experienced by a rock, and narrow down the possible pre‐ejection location of the meteorite at the surface of Mercury. At the surface of Venus, plagioclase and phosphate phases will only record the age of ejection. The (U‐Th)/He systematics of merrillite and apatite will be, respectively, moderately and strongly affected by4He* loss during the transit of the meteorite from its host planet to Earth. Finally, meteorites from Mercury or Venus will each have their own40Ar/39Ar and (U‐Th)/He isotopic age and38Arccosmic ray exposure age signatures over a series of different crystal types, allowing to unambiguously recognize a meteorite for any of these two planets using radiogenic and cosmogenic noble gases.
Documenting DNA in the dust
Authors: Gilbert M. T. P. 
Published: February 2017

I bought a robotic vacuum cleaner this summer and set it to work. Although my initial expectations were not high, my robot (christened Buddy) finished its cleaning cycle, and then insistently demanded that I empty its dust collection box. As I took the box out, my jaw dropped. I live in a modern house, we don't have pets, and I like to think that I keep it reasonably dust free. But, there was much dust in that box. And when I ran it again 2 days later, the same thing happened. And indeed, every 2 days, Buddy dutifully goes to work, and sucks up a similarly impressive quantity. It's remarkable, and naturally begs the question of where it all comes from? Some is externally derived, entering the house with us or through open windows. Some is clearly fibres shed from clothes, furniture etc. Then there's the skin cells and hair we shed. But at least part is derived from the host of smaller organisms that live in and around our homes, many of which are arthropods (Butte & Heinzow ). I suspect almost all readers are aware that some smaller animals live in our houses – even those who live in the modern urban houses will have occasionally encountered the odd drosophila, silverfish or spider. But I suspect that prior to reading Madden et al.'s article in this issue of Molecular Ecology (Madden et al. ), few of you will have appreciated the true diversity, which, it turns out, is huge.
Impact of pay for performance on access at first dialysis in Queensland
Authors: Haarsager Jennie , Krishnasamy Rathika , Gray Nicholas A 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimCommencement of haemodialysis with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous graft (AVG) is associated with improved survival compared with commencement with a central venous catheter. In 2011–2012, Queensland Health made incentive payments to renal units for early referred patients who commenced peritoneal dialysis (PD), or haemodialysis with an AVF/AVG. The aim of this study was to determine if pay for performance improved clinical care.MethodsAll patients who commenced dialysis in Australia between 2009 and 2014 and were registered with the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) were included. A multivariable regression model was used to compare rates of commencing dialysis with a PD catheter or permanent AVF/AVG during the pay‐for‐performance period (2011–2012) with periods prior (2009–2010) and after (2013–2014).ResultsA total of 10 858 early referred patients commenced dialysis during the study period, including 2058 in Queensland. In Queensland, PD as first modality increased with time (P < 0.001) but there was no change in AVF/AVG rate at first haemodialysis (P = 0.5). In a multivariate model using the pay‐for‐performance period as reference, the odds ratio for commencement with PD or haemodialysis with an AVF/AVG in Queensland was 1.02 (95% CI 0.81–1.29) in 2009–2010 and 1.28 (95% CI 1.01–1.61) in 2013–2014. There was no change for the rest of Australia (0.97 95% CI 0.87–1.09 in 2009–2010 and 1.00 95% CI 0.90–1.11 in 2013–14).ConclusionPay for performance did not improve rates of commencement of dialysis with PD or an AVF/AVG during the payment period. A lag effect on clinical care may explain the improvement in later years.
Revascularization of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis for chronic heart failure versus acute pulmonary oedema
Authors: Green Darren , Ritchie James P , Chrysochou Constantina , Kalra Philip A 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of the study is to determine whether the apparent benefit of revascularization of renal artery stenosis for ‘flash’ pulmonary oedema extends to heart failure patients without a history of prior acute pulmonary oedema.MethodsA prospective study of patients with renal artery stenosis and heart failure at a single centre between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2010. Patients were divided into those with and without previous acute pulmonary oedema/decompensation. Survival analysis compared revascularization versus medical therapy in each group using Cox regression adjusted for age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, blood pressure and co‐morbidities.ResultsThere were 152 patients: 59% male, 36% diabetic, age 70 ± 9 years, estimated glomerular filtration rate 29 ± 17 mL/min per 1.73 m2; 52 had experienced previous acute pulmonary oedema (34%), whereas 100 had no previous acute pulmonary oedema (66%). The revascularization rate was 31% in both groups.For heart failure without previous acute pulmonary oedema, the hazard ratio for death after revascularization compared with medical therapy was 0.76 (0.58–0.99, P = 0.04). In heart failure with previous acute pulmonary enema, the hazard ratio was 0.73 (0.44–1.21, P = 0.22).For those without previous acute pulmonary oedema, the hazard ratio for heart failure hospitalization after revascularization compared with medical therapy was 1.00 (0.17–6.05, P = 1.00). In those with previous acute pulmonary oedema, it was 0.51 (0.08–3.30, P = 0.48).ConclusionThe benefit of revascularization in heart failure may extend beyond the current indication of acute pulmonary oedema. However, findings derive from an observational study.
Interaction intensity and pollinator‐mediated selection
Authors: Trunschke Judith , Sletvold Nina , Ågren Jon 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIn animal‐pollinated plants, the opportunity for selection and the strength of pollinator‐mediated selection are expected to increase with the degree of pollen limitation. However, whether differences in pollen limitation can explain variation in pollinator‐mediated and net selection among animal‐pollinated species is poorly understood.In the present study, we quantified pollen limitation, variance in relative fitness and pollinator‐mediated selection on five traits important for pollinator attraction (flowering start, plant height, flower number, flower size) and pollination efficiency (spur length) in natural populations of 12 orchid species. Pollinator‐mediated selection was quantified by subtracting estimates of selection gradients for plants receiving supplemental hand‐pollination from estimates obtained for open‐pollinated control plants.Mean pollen limitation ranged from zero to 0.96. Opportunity for selection, pollinator‐mediated selection and net selection were all positively related to pollen limitation, whereas nonpollinator‐mediated selection was not. Opportunity for selection varied five‐fold, strength of pollinator‐mediated selection varied three‐fold and net selection varied 1.5‐fold among species. Supplemental hand‐pollination reduced both opportunity for selection and selection on floral traits.The results show that the intensity of biotic interactions is an important determinant of the selection regime, and indicate that the potential for pollinator‐mediated selection and divergence in floral traits is particularly high in species that are strongly pollen‐limited.
Growth reduction after defoliation is independent ofCO2supply in deciduous and evergreen young oaks
Authors: Schmid Sandra , Palacio Sara , Hoch Günter 
Published: February 2017

SummaryReduced productivity of trees after defoliation might be caused by limited carbon (C) availability.We investigated the combined effect of different atmosphericCO2concentrations (160, 280 and 560 ppm) and early season defoliation on the growth and C reserves (nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC)) of saplings of two oak species with different leaf habits (deciduousQuercus petraeaand evergreenQuercus ilex).In both species, higherCO2supply significantly enhanced growth. Defoliation had a strong negative impact on growth (stronger forQ. ilex), but the relative reduction of growth caused by defoliation within eachCO2treatment was very similar across all threeCO2concentrations. LowCO2and defoliation led to decreasedNSCtissue concentrations mainly in the middle of the growing season inQ. ilex, but not inQ. petraea. However, also inQ. ilex,NSCincreased in woody tissues in defoliated and low‐CO2saplings towards the end of the growing season.Although the saplings were C limited under these specific experimental conditions, growth reduction after defoliation was not directly caused by C limitation. Rather, growth of trees followed a strong allometric relationship between total leaf area and conductive woody tissue, which did not change across species,CO2concentrations and defoliation treatments.
AFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION: A CROSS‐NATIONAL COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: CHORDIYA RASHMI , SABHARWAL MEGHNA , GOODMAN DOUG 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPublic managers across countries are faced with challenges of attracting and retaining high‐quality employees in the context of widespread financial constraints and increasing inter‐sectoral competition. These changing circumstances have reinforced the need to enhance public employees' affective organizational commitment, which is related to important outcomes such as employees' performance and retention. However, we know little about the factors that can positively influence affective organizational commitment in a cross‐national context. This study applies a cross‐national comparative approach using data from four US states (Oregon, Florida, Washington, and Utah) and India to examine the factors influencing affective organizational commitment. We focus mainly on the effects of job satisfaction, which is considered to be the most important antecedent of affective organizational commitment. Our findings indicate that, in both countries' contexts, job satisfaction has a significant positive impact on affective organizational commitment. We also examine the US–India differences in the levels of affective organizational commitment. Findings indicate that, compared to the four US states of Oregon, Florida, Washington, and Utah, affective organizational commitment is significantly higher among Indian public managers.
Accuracy of within‐ and among‐family genomic prediction in triticale
Authors: Würschum Tobias , Maurer Hans Peter , Weissmann Sigrid , Hahn Volker , Leiser Willmar L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGenomic prediction has emerged as a powerful genomic tool to assist breeding of complex traits. In this study, we employed a population of 647 triticale doubled haploid lines derived from four families to assess the potential of this approach for triticale breeding. All lines were phenotyped for grain yield, thousand‐kernel weight, biomass yield, plant height, frost tolerance and Fusarium head blight resistance. The obtained prediction accuracies were moderate to high and consisted to varying degrees of within‐ and among‐family variance, in line with the different degrees of phenotypic differences between family means. The prediction accuracy within individual families also varied with the genetic complexity of the traits and was generally highest based on effect estimation with lines from the respective family, whereas the prediction accuracy decreased with decreasing relatedness among the families. Taken together, our results illustrate the potential of genomic prediction to increase selection gain in triticale breeding, but the composition of the training set is of utmost importance, and consequently, the implementation of this approach in applied breeding programmes is not straightforward.
Transition readiness, adolescent responsibility, and executive functioning among pediatric transplant recipients: Caregivers' perspectives
Authors: Gutierrez‐Colina Ana M. , Reed‐Knight Bonney , Eaton Cyd , Lee Jennifer , Loiselle Rich Kristin , Mee Laura , Travers Curtis , Blount Ronald L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study aimed both to evaluate caregivers' perspectives of EF and transition readiness among adolescent transplant recipients and to examine the indirect effects of adolescent responsibility and parent involvement across domains of EF. Fifty‐seven caregivers of adolescent solid organ transplant recipients participated in this study and completed measures of adolescent EF, transition readiness, responsibility in healthcare behavior, and parent involvement. Bootstrapping procedures were used to test indirect effects. Caregiver report of adolescent EF was significantly related to transition readiness among transplant recipients. Significant indirect effects were found for adolescent responsibility but not parent involvement. No significant differences were found between metacognitive and behavioral regulation domains of EF in the association with transition readiness. Assessment of adolescent EF skills may help guide the development of individualized transition readiness guidelines to promote successful gains in self‐management abilities as well as eventual transfer to adult medical services.