bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Case report and literature review
Authors: Martín Gutierrez R. , Medina Blanco R. , Suarez Pinilla P. , Landera Rodriguez R. , Juncal Ruiz M. , Río Hortega I. Madrazo del , Gómez Revuelta M. , Porta Olivares O. , González Gómez J. , Vázquez Bourgon J. , Hernando Fernández R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionNeuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an uncommon but potentially fatal adverse effect of neuroleptic, both classic and atypical drugs.ObjectiveTo review the incidence, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of NMS.AimWe have described the case of a man of 32 years of age diagnosed with bipolar disorder treated with lithium. He precised high-dose corticosteroids after having tonsillitis. Then, he presented manic decompensation requiring neuroleptic treatment (oral risperidone). After 72 hours, he presented an episode characterized by muscular rigidity, fever, altered mental status and autonomic dysfunction. Life support measures and suspension of neuroleptic treatment were required.MethodsA literature review of the NMS was performed using the PubMed database.ResultsThe frequency of NMS ranges from 0.02 to 2.4%. The pathophysiology is not clearly understood but the blockade of dopamine receptors seems to be the central mechanism. Some of the main risk factors described are: being a young adult, the concomitant use of lithium and metabolic causes, among others. NMS occurs most often during the first week of treatment or after increasing the dosage of the neuroleptic medication. Some issues of NMS are those related with diagnosis, treatment and reintroduction of antipsychotic treatment or not.ConclusionsNMS can be difficult to diagnose due to the variability in the clinical symptoms and presentation. Because of it diagnosis is of exclusion, clinicians should always take it into consideration when a patient is treating with neuroleptic, especially when the dosage has been recently increased. NMS is a clinical emergency.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Change with the times exploring psychiatric inpatients’ attitudes towards physical restraint
Authors: Spinzy Y. , Maree S. , Segev A. , Cohen-Rappaport G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionWhen other options fail, physical restraint is used in inpatient psychiatric units as a means to control violent behavior of agitated inpatients and to prevent them from harm. The professional and social discourse regarding the use of restrictive measures and the absence of the inpatients’ attitudes towards these measures is notable. Our research therefore tries to fill this gap by interviewing inpatients about these issues.Objectives and aimsTo assess the subjective experience and attitudes of inpatients who have undergone physical restraint.MethodsForty inpatients diagnosed with psychiatric disorders were interviewed by way of a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were conducted via use of SPSS statistical software.ResultsInpatients reported that physical restraint evoked an experience of loneliness (77.5%) and loss of autonomy (82.5%). Staff visits during times of physical restraint were reported as beneficial according to 73.6% of the inpatients interviewed. Two thirds of the inpatients viewed the use of physical restraints as justified when an inpatient was dangerous. Two thirds of the inpatients regarded physical restraint as the most aversive experience of their hospitalization.ConclusionsOur pilot study explored the subjective experience and attitudes of psychiatric inpatients towards the use of physical restraint. Inpatients viewed physical restraint as a practice that was sometimes justified but at the same time evoked negative subjective feelings. We conclude that listening to inpatients’ perspectives can help caregivers to evaluate these measures.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Primary Health Care. Suicide Prevention Proposal. Santiago del Estero. Argentina
Authors: Sanchez Cantero T. , Costilla R. , Chávez M. 
Published: June 2017

Background and aimSuicide is a serious and growing problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, for each death there are twenty attempts on record. Every year over 800,000 people commit suicide, that is, one in every forty. 45% of the people who commit suicide visit their Primary Health Care physician in the previous month. Seventy-five percent of suicides take place in countries with medium or low income and Argentine heads the suicide rate in Latin America. In the last twenty years the death by suicides rate in young people (aged 15–35) and has decreased in older age groups (+ 55), which historically presented the highest rates. In the inner zone of the province of Santiago del Estero, suicides have increased among teenagers [1].AimsTo know suicide statistics in young people in the last decade so that a prevention scheme can be produced.MethodsDescriptive observational study.ResultsIn the province of Santiago del Estero suicides occur more frequently among young people, aged 15–35, and the rate has increased significantly in the inner zone of the province.ConclusionsThe analysis carried out reveal that this problem in increasing in our province and it requires analysis and consensus in order to design a model of Primary Health Care Prevention.Disclosure of InterestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of no competing interest.
Protective and risk socio-economic – environmental factors affecting mental health
Authors: Hussain M.I. 
Published: June 2017

Over all generic, biological, environmental and socio-economic factors are attributing towards mental health and well being of a person. But among these socio-economic – environmental factors play a great role. It is very important to understand socio-economic – environmental protective and adverse factors affecting mental health. There is very dynamic interaction between individual attributes like socio-economic circumstances and environmental factors. The dynamic interactions of all these three factors determine the final outcome and status of mental health social well being. So, for our professionals particularly and community in general, it is very important to have full knowledge about all these factors. Because lack of managing and integrating of socio-economic-environmental factors, we will not be able to deliver quality psychiatric/psychological services. Community at large will also be ignorant of it and will not be able to play their roles towards healthy mental health formation. Moreover, these socio-economic – environmental factors are within our reach and can be modified.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Structure of psychic sphere pathology of patients of the regional medical consultative and diagnostic center of sub-arctic territory
Authors: Shapovalov K. , Shapovalova L. 
Published: June 2017

In the structure of pathology 5356 psychiatric patients according to nosology forms, the first place ranking diagnosed by a psychiatrist of the regional advisory diagnostic center occupy organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders (F00–F09) to 48.2%. The second place ranking occupied by neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40–F49) to 37.8%. This pathology includes various phobic, anxiety, depressive, hypochondria, obsessive-compulsive, dissociative (conversion), somatoform disorders, as well as response to heavy stress and adjustment disorders. The combination of anxiety and depression observed took place in 70.0% of patients. The majority of patients with anxiety disorders only part of the symptoms is found, however, and they are extremely painful. These people are in most cases not immediately come to the attention of psychiatrists, moving from a general practitioner to a neurologist, cardiologist and doctors of other medical specialists. They have initially diagnoses as vegetative-vascular dystonia, and then diencephalic crises, etc. The third rank place took patients with mental retardation - the proportion of an average of 1.3%. Mental disorder primarily characterized by impaired ability, manifested in the ripening period, provides a common level of intelligence: cognitive, speech, motor and social abilities. For the most part the clinical manifestations of these patients there are two groups of disorders: (1) Disorders of cognitive functions (memory, intelligence, learning, attention); (2) perception of disorder, the content of the thoughts, emotions and behavior.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
500 years of reformation: The history of Martin Luther's pathography and its ethical implications
Authors: Braun B. , Demling J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn the context of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, it is time to take a survey of the history of Martin Luther's (1483–1546) pathography.MethodRelevant writings were evaluated.ResultsWhile in a 1035 page work written in German between 1937 and 1941, the Dane Paul Reiter retrospectively diagnosed Luther as manic-depressive, Kretschmer (1888–1964) in 1955 saw in Luther “a great polemic and organizer”. In 1956, Grossmann was unable to prove persistent synchronicity of depressive mood and reduced motivation in Luther in the key years 1527 and 1528, which led him to conclude that Luther had a cyclothymic personality with a pyknic constitution. In Roper's view in 2016, Luther suffered from “a condition […], that we would call depression today”.DiscussionIn 1948, Werner concluded that Reiter's pathography was based on an incorrect assumption: Luther's solution of the cloister conflict as a dilemma situation between paternal and clerical authority was not a flight into “the mysticism of despair”. Hamm adopted this interpretation in 2015 in viewing the escalation of the emotional conflict potential as a logical consequence of an interiorized and individualized intensified piety. In 2015, Scott saw a cyclothymic temperament in Luther starting in about 1519, but emphasized the elasticity of Luther's emotional reserves: “For the rest of his life, Luther oscillated between euphoria and dejection but not to the point of dysfunction”.ConclusionLuther can be used as an example of the importance of religiousness as a curative resource for the psyche.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The phenomenon of serial killers from the perspective of the seven deadly sins
Authors: De Santiago Herrero F.J. , Trigo Bensusan A.M. , Montfragüe G.M. , Torres Delgado C. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to make a comparative study on serial killers from different countries and link them to one of the traditional seven deadly sins in the Judeo-Christian culture.MethodsFirstly, it was necessary to define each different deadly sin and establish its behavioural correlate. This was achieved thanks to a questionnaire designed to measure the interrate agreement within a sample population. Once the categories were defined (pride, lust, envy, sloth, wrath, gluttony and greed), 30 serial killers from America and Europe were analyzed in order to determine the sin behind their motivation to commit a crime. The evaluation was based on the Coding Guide – Serial Killers Research Project – created by the unit of analysis of criminal behavioural (University of Salamanca, Spain). Afterwards, an ex post facto descriptive non experimental study was carried out to find out the relation between the serial killer's own characteristics and the deadly sin linked to their motivation.Results/conclusionsThe results show a clear predominance of pride, lust and greed as the main motivations within the study sample. As well as some possible dependency relations between killers’ motivations and some other variables, which could be helpful when applied to the offender profiling field like sex or personality.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
How to interview terrorists? A forensic psychiatrist experience
Authors: Leistedt S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBecause of their intrinsic characteristics, forensic interviews with terrorist suspects are perhaps one of the most challenging interviews forensic psychiatrists and psychologists will experience.ObjectivesThis work presents a theoretical and practical framework for understanding terrorist individual psychology and effective interviewing techniques. It will show how the psychopathology of the terrorist, as well as social factors, have to be integrated in the preparation of the interview and in the interviewing process itself.MethodsForty-eight incarcerated Middle Eastern terrorists (1 women and 47 men) have been interviewed. These terrorists were involved – directly or indirectly – in several attacks claimed by Al-Qaeda or ISIS. Verbal communications were evaluated through questions and key points related to personality disorders described in the DSM-V. Non-verbal communications were analyzed through modalities such as facial expressions, eye contact, and body gestures.ResultsSeveral verbal and nonverbal characteristics have been identified as common in all the interviewees.ConclusionsIn a way to improve the quality and the quantity of the information gathering, it is suggested, especially with terrorists (but not only), to based the investigative and forensic interviewing on a personality-focused approach. Further studies are also needed to evaluate if terrorists have specific communication skills. Finally, this work proves that indirect assessment, such as consulting records, interviewing partners, family members or friends, is very important in the terrorist forensic assessment.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
The profile of sexual abusers of minors: A forensic-psychiatric study
Authors: Nunes J. , Figueiredo D. , Ventura Gil T. , Colón M. , Pissarra da Costa A. 
Published: June 2017

The World Health Organization (WHO, 2006) defines sexual abuse as the involvement of a child in sexual activity that he or she does not fully comprehend, being unable to give informed consent to, or for which the child is not developmentally prepared, or else that violates the laws or social taboos of society. In Portugal, the law that regulates the sexual abuse of underage people (minors) is enclosed in crimes of sexual auto-determination, which are described as child sexual abuse (article 171°) and sexual acts with a teenager (article 172°), and those are applied to the person that has copulation, anal intercourse and oral intercourse with underage abusing from their inexperience. Our objective is to investigate the profile of sexual abusers of minors, namely, the socio-demographic features, clinical correlations, and the level of penal responsibility of sexual offenders who were referred by court to forensic psychiatric assessment in the Institute of Legal Medicine of the City of Coimbra. Moreover, verify if these individuals present mental disorders at the time of the offence. The present study is of descriptive nature, being based on the observation and consultation of 30 clinical processes of sexual abusers. All written reports were obtained from 2005 to 2015 by court-appointed psychiatric experts on individuals that have been charged of committing sexual crimes against minors and referred to the main forensic institute in the city of Coimbra. This study will contribute to the increase of more information on these offenders, promoting the development of more adequate contingency plans for this population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The role of spitefulness in personality disorders: Toward a better comprehension of the cluster B
Authors: Velotti  , Rogier G. , Garofalo C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionCluster B personality disorders (i.e., Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic Personality Disorders), is characterized by a dramatic pattern of relating to others, with symptoms characterized by a difficulty regulating emotional states and behavior (APA, 2000). The desire to cause pain often characterized these disorders (i.e. borderline) involving vindictively harming another with serious and often negative interpersonal consequences. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research about the nature of relationships between spitefulness and personality disorders.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the association between spitefulness and personality disorders in an offenders samples (N = 305).AimsTo investigate the associations among spitefulness and personality disorders. We hypothesized that spitefulness would be differently associated with emotional and impulsive personality disorders (cluster B: antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic).ResultsAs expected, spitefulness and some personality, disorders were positively associated. Specifically, ASPD and Borderline are strongly associated with high levels of spitefulness.ConclusionsSuch results confirm the theorization that the assessment of spitefulness improve the accuracy of diagnosing of these personality disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
SHANK3 mutation in consanguineous schizophrenia family in northwest Algeria
Authors: Dahdouh A. , Prados J. , Guipponi M. , Bena F. , Adouan W. , Antonarakis S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSeveral studies have asserted the existence of a strong and complex genetic component in the determination of psychotic disorders. GWAS studies conducted over the past decade lead to the identification of only a few low effect associations, calling questioning the hypothesis of “common disease – common variants” for a model involving a large number of rare variants.AimsHere, we studied a multigenerational multiplex family with schizophrenia a high rate of consanguinity, located in the northwest of Algeria. This study aims to identify inherited rare variants of schizophrenia using new genetic technologies.MethodsThis family has received complete clinical (DIGS, DSM-IV criteria), genealogical investigations, CNV analysis using CGH Microarray Kit 244 K (Santa Clara, CA) and WES (by GAIIx Illumina/HiSeq 2000) focused in CNV regions, that were performed in the department of genetics in the university hospital of Geneva.ResultsWe identify 11 affected members by psychotic disorders. The main CNVs analysis results found in a schizophrenic member a Del 22q13.33 affecting SHANK3 gene. WES regarding these regions identified a mutation at position 511178000 in SHANK3 gene in all the selected affected relatives.DiscussionSeveral studies have asserted the association of SHANK3 mutations with schizophrenia and autism disorders. This is the first observation of rs511,178,000 in schizophrenia phenotype.ConclusionIn total, this highly informative family have identified new rare genetic variant of schizophrenia. The search for this mutation in wider control population in would be useful to validate these data.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Formative Exploration of the Relationship Between Waiting Times and Attendance at General Adult Psychiatry Clinics, at a Hospital in Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust
Authors: Gan M. , Salujha S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAn audit was done to assess new patient wait times. As part of this project we reviewed possible relationships between wait times and clinic attendance.ObjectiveTo examine available data, for possible explanations of patients’ attendance behaviour at outpatient clinics.AimsTo identify possible correlation between length of waiting time for adult psychiatry appointments and status of attendance.MethodService Line: New patient referrals to adult outpatient psychiatry (January–December 2015)Sample size: 401.ResultsFig. 1 and Table 1 show wait times compared with clinic attendance outcome. Percentage attendance appeared to gradually fall as wait times increased; while cancellation (%) by the NHS, and DNAs (did not attend) by the patient, appeared to rise over time.ConclusionsThis review has demonstrated a possible correlation between wait time for a clinic appointment and how patients behave. The shorter a patient has to wait; it appears they are more likely to actually attend clinic. If so, this potentially has implications for discussions around possible reorganization of services, to improve engagement and outcomes, by coming up with innovative ways of reducing wait times.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Increased Prevalence of Psychosis in Patients Who Get Admitted with Acute Myocardial Infarction with Worse Outcomes
Authors: Mansuri Z. , Patel S. , Patel P. , Jayeola O. , Das A. , Shah J. , Gul M.H. , Karnik K. , Ganti A. , Shah K. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo determine trends and impact on outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with pre-existing psychosis.BackgroundWhile post-AMI psychosis has been extensively studied, contemporary studies including temporal trends on impact of pre-AMI Psychosis on AMI and post-AMI outcomes are lacking.MethodsWe used Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project(HCUP) from 2002 to 2012. We identified AMI and psychosis as primary and secondary diagnosis respectively using validated International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, and Clinical Modification (ICD9CM) codes, and Cochrane-Armitage trend test and multivariate regression to generate adjusted odds ratios (aOR).ResultsWe analyzed total of 7,174,274 AMI hospital admissions from 2002 to 2012 of which 1.77% had psychosis. Proportion of hospitalizations with psychosis increased from 6.94% to 11.85% (P-trend < 0.001). Utilization of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was lower in patients with psychosis (29.98% vs. 40.36%, P < 0.001). Utilization of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was lower in patients with psychosis (8.01% vs. 9.18%, P < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was significantly lower in patients with psychosis (aOR 0.677; 95% CI 0.630–0.727; P < 0.001) but discharge to specialty care higher (aOR 1.870; 95%CI 1.786–1.958; P < 0.001). In addition, median length of hospitalization (3.77 vs. 2.90 days; P < 0.001) was higher in hospitalizations with psychosis.ConclusionsOur study displayed increasing proportion of patients with psychosis admitted due to AMI in last decade with lower mortality but higher morbidity post-infarction, and significantly less utilization of PCI and CABG. There was also increased length of stay patients with MDD. There is need to explore reasons behind this disparity in outcomes and PCI and CABG utilization to improve post-AMI outcomes in this vulnerable population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.