bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation Resistance of Silicon Carbide Schottky Diode Detectors in D-T Fusion Neutron Detection
Authors: Liu Linyue , Liu Ao , Bai Song , Lv Ling , Jin Peng , Ouyang Xiaoping 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) is a wide band-gap semiconductor material with many excellent properties, showing great potential in fusion neutron detection. The radiation resistance of 4H-SiC Schottky diode detectors was studied experimentally by carefully analyzing the detectors’ properties before and after deuterium-tritium fusion neutron irradiation with the total fluence of 1.31 × 1014 n/cm2 and 7.29 × 1014 n/cm2 at room temperature. Significant degradation has been observed after neutron irradiation: reverse current increased greatly, over three to thirty fold; Schottky junction was broken down; significant lattice damage was observed at low temperature photoluminescence measurements; the peaks of alpha particle response spectra shifted to lower channels and became wider; the charge collection efficiency (CCE) decreased by about 7.0% and 22.5% at 300 V with neutron irradiation fluence of 1.31 × 1014 n/cm2 and 7.29 × 1014 n/cm2, respectively. Although the degradation exists, the SiC detectors successfully survive intense neutron radiation and show better radiation resistance than silicon detectors.
Diffusion and distribution of deuterium in scandium deuteride thin films under irradiation of deuterium ion beam
Authors: Wang Tao , Long Jidong , Wang Shiwei , Yang Zhen , Li Jie , Huang Gang , Zhang Linwen , Jian Yang Allen , Renshaw Wang Xiao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractScandium deuteride (ScDx) thin films, as an alternative target for deuterium-deuterium (D-D) reaction, are a very important candidate for detection and diagnostic applications. Albeit with their superior thermal stability, the ignorance of the stability of ScDx under irradiation of deuterium ion beam hinders the realization of their full potential. In this report, we characterize ScDx thin films with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA). We found with increased implantation of deuterium ions, accumulation and diffusion of deuterium are enhanced. Surprisingly, the concentration of deuterium restored to the value before implantation even at room temperature, revealing a self-healing process which is of great importance for the long-term operation of neutron generator.
An Integrin-Targeted, Highly Diffusive Construct for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Klein Oliver J. , Yuan Hushan , Nowell Nicholas H. , Kaittanis Charalambos , Josephson Lee , Evans Conor L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTargeted antineoplastic agents show great promise in the treatment of cancer, having the ability to impart cytotoxicity only to specific tumor types. However, these therapies do not experience uniform uptake throughout tumors, leading to sub-lethal cell killing that can impart treatment resistance, and cause problematic off-target effects. Here we demonstrate a photodynamic therapy construct that integrates both a cyclic RGD moiety for integrin-targeting, as well as a 5 kDa PEG chain that passivates the construct and enables its rapid diffusion throughout tumors. PEGylation of the photosensitizer construct was found to prevent photosensitizer aggregation, boost the generation of cytotoxic reactive radical species, and enable the rapid uptake of the construct into cells throughout large (>500 µm diameter) 3D tumor spheroids. Replacing the cyclic RGD with the generic RAD peptide led to the loss of cellular uptake in 3D culture, demonstrating the specificity of the construct. Photodynamic therapy with the construct was successful in inducing cytotoxicity, which could be competitively blocked by a tenfold concentration of free cyclic RGD. This construct is a first-of-its kind theranostic that may serve as a new approach in our growing therapeutic toolbox.
Optical switching of defect charge states in 4H-SiC
Authors: Golter D. A. , Lai C. W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate optically induced switching between bright and dark charged divacancy defects in 4H-SiC. Photoluminescence excitation and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal the excitation conditions for such charge conversion. For an energy below 1.3 eV (above 950 nm), the PL is suppressed by more than two orders of magnitude. The PL is recovered in the presence of a higher energy repump laser with a time-averaged intensity less than 0.1% that of the excitation field. Under a repump of 2.33 eV (532 nm), the PL increases rapidly, with a time constant 30 μs. By contrast, when the repump is switched off, the PL decreases first within 100–200 μs, followed by a much slower decay of a few seconds. We attribute these effect to the conversion between two different charge states. Under an excitation at energy levels below 1.3 eV, VSiVC0 are converted into a dark charge state. A repump laser with an energy above 1.3 eV can excite this charged state and recover the bright neutral state. This optically induced charge switching can lead to charge-state fluctuations but can be exploited for long-term data storage or nuclear-spin-based quantum memory.
The construction of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma model in zebrafish
Authors: Wang Jing , Leng Xiaoqian , Wang Guiping , Wan Xiaoyang , Cao Hong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly malignant tumor, difficult to diagnose even at an early stage. In this study, we successfully constructed annras61K-induced ICC model in zebrafish. Transcriptome analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of liver samples of the ICC and WT (wild-type) zebrafish revealed that the genes differentially expressed between the two groups were mainly involved in focal adhesion, chemokine signaling and metabolic pathways. Analysis of DNA methylomes revealed that compared with WT samples, methylated genes in ICC samples were enriched in functions associated with cellular, single-organism and metabolic processes. In particular, our result discovered eleven potential biomarker genes of ICC which were conserved between zebrafish and humans. Moreover, three potential biomarker genes were hypomethylated in the tumorigenesis of ICC:ehf,epha4anditgb6. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of molecular mechanisms accompanying the progressivenras61K-induced ICC. This work indicates that our transgenic zebrafish could be a valuable model, not only for studying liver cancer, but also for exploring new therapeutic targets.
HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) induces fatty liver in mice via LXRα and PPARα dysregulation: implications for HIV-specific pathogenesis of NAFLD
Authors: Agarwal Neeti , Iyer Dinakar , Gabbi Chiara , Saha Pradip , Patel Sanjeet G. , Mo Qianxing , Chang Benny , Goswami Biman , Schubert Ulrich , Kopp Jeffrey B. , Lewis Dorothy E. , Balasubramanyam Ashok 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHIV patients develop hepatic steatosis. We investigated hepatic steatosis in transgenic mice expressing the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr (Vpr-Tg) in liver and adipose tissues, and WT mice infused with synthetic Vpr. Vpr-Tg mice developed increased liver triglyceride content and elevated ALT, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase due to three hepatic defects: 1.6-fold accelerated de novo lipogenesis (DNL), 45% slower fatty acid ß-oxidation, and 40% decreased VLDL-triglyceride export. Accelerated hepatic DNL was due to coactivation by Vpr of liver X receptor-α (LXRα) with increased expression of its lipogenic targets Srebp1c, Chrebp, Lpk, Dgat, Fasn and Scd1, and intranuclear SREBP1c and ChREBP. Vpr enhanced association of LXRα with Lxrα and Srebp1c promoters, increased LXRE-LXRα binding, and broadly altered hepatic expression of LXRα-regulated lipid metabolic genes. Diminished hepatic fatty acid ß-oxidation was associated with decreased mRNA expression of Pparα and its targets Cpt1, Aox, Lcad, Ehhadh, Hsd10 and Acaa2, and blunted VLDL export with decreased expression of Mttp and its product microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. With our previous findings that Vpr circulates in HIV patients (including those with undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA), co-regulates the glucocorticoid receptor and PPARγ and transduces hepatocytes, these data indicate a potential role for Vpr in HIV-associated fatty liver disease.
Effects of long-term aspirin use on molecular alterations in precancerous gastric mucosa in patients with and without gastric cancer
Authors: Michigami Yuki , Watari Jiro , Ito Chiyomi , Hara Ken , Yamasaki Takahisa , Kondo Takashi , Kono Tomoaki , Tozawa Katsuyuki , Tomita Toshihiko , Oshima Tadayuki , Fukui Hirokazu , Morimoto Takeshi , Das Kiron M. , Miwa Hiroto 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe risk of gastric cancer (GC) remains even afterH. pylorieradication; thus, other combination treatments, such as chemopreventive drugs, are needed. We evaluated the effects of aspirin on genetic/epigenetic alterations in precancerous conditions, i.e., atrophic mucosa (AM) and intestinal metaplasia (IM), in patients with chronic gastritis who had taken aspirin for more than 3 years. A total of 221 biopsy specimens from 74 patients, including atrophic gastritis (AG) cases without aspirin use (control), AG cases with aspirin use (AG group), and GC cases with aspirin use (GC group), were analyzed. Aspirin use was associated with a significant reduction ofCDH1methylation in AM (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06–0.41, p = 0.0002), but was less effective in reversing the methylation that occurred in IM. Frequent hypermethylation including that ofCDH1in AM increased in the GC group compared to the AG group, andCDH1methylation was an independent predictive marker of GC (OR: 8.50, 95% CI: 2.64–25.33, p = 0.0003). In patients with long-term aspirin use, the changes of molecular events in AM but not IM may be an important factor in the reduction of cancer incidence. In addition, methylation of theCDH1gene in AM may be a surrogate of GC.
Municipal sewage sludge compost promotes Mangifera persiciforma tree growth with no risk of heavy metal contamination of soil
Authors: Chu Shuangshuang , Wu Daoming , Liang Liyin L. , Zhong Fengdi , Hu Yaping , Hu Xinsheng , Lai Can , Zeng Shucai 
Published: October 2017

AbstractApplication of sewage sludge compost (SSC) as a fertilizer on landscaping provides a potential way for the effective disposal of sludge. However, the response of landscape trees to SSC application and the impacts of heavy metals from SSC on soil are poorly understood. We conducted a pot experiment to investigate the effects of SSC addition on Mangifera persiciforma growth and quantified its uptake of heavy metals from SSC by setting five treatments with mass ratios of SSC to lateritic soil as 0%:100% (CK), 15%:85% (S15), 30%:70% (S30), 60%:40% (S60), and 100%:0% (S100). As expected, the fertility and heavy metal concentrations (Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) in substrate significantly increased with SSC addition. The best performance in terms of plant height, ground diameter, biomass and N, P, K uptake were found in S30, implying a reasonable amount of SSC could benefit the growth of M. persiciforma. The concentrations of Cu, Pb and Cd in S30 were insignificantly different from CK after harvest, indicating that M. persiciforma reduced the risk of heavy metal contamination of soil arising from SSC application. This study suggests that a reasonable rate of SSC addition can enhance M. persiciforma growth without causing the contamination of landscaping soil by heavy metals.
Population genomics of Wolbachia and mtDNA in Drosophila simulans from California
Authors: Signor Sarah 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWolbachia pipientis is an intracellular endosymbiont infecting many arthropods and filarial nematodes. Little is known about the short-term evolution of Wolbachia or its interaction with its host. Wolbachia is maternally inherited, resulting in co-inheritance of mitochondrial organelles such as mtDNA. Here I explore the evolution of Wolbachia, and the relationship between Wolbachia and mtDNA, using a large inbred panel of Drosophila simulans. I compare this to the only other large population genomic Wolbachia dataset from D. melanogaster. I find reduced diversity relative to expectation in both Wolbachia and mtDNA, but only mtDNA shows evidence of a recent selective sweep or population bottleneck. I estimate Wolbachia and mtDNA titre in each genotype, and I find considerable variation in both phenotypes, despite low genetic diversity in Wolbachia and mtDNA. A phylogeny of Wolbachia and of mtDNA suggest a recent origin of the infection derived from a single origin. Using Wolbachia and mtDNA titre as a phenotype, I perform the first association analysis using this phenotype with the nuclear genome and find several implicated regions, including one which contains four CAAX-box protein processing genes. CAAX-box protein processing can be an important part of host-pathogen interactions in other systems, suggesting interesting directions for future research.
Dust reddening and extinction curves toward gamma-ray bursts at z > 4
Authors: Bolmer J. , Greiner J. , Krühler T. , Schady P. , Ledoux C. , Tanvir N. R. , Levan A. J. 
Published: October 2017

Context. Dust is known to be produced in the envelopes of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, the expanded shells of supernova (SN) remnants, and in situ grain growth within the interstellar medium (ISM), although the corresponding efficiency of each of these dust formation mechanisms at different redshifts remains a topic of debate. During the first Gyr after the Big Bang, it is widely believed that there was not enough time to form AGB stars in high numbers, hence the dust at this epoch is expected to be purely from SNe or subsequent grain growth in the ISM. The time period corresponding to z ~ 5−6 is thus expected to display the transition from SN-only dust to a mixture of both formation channels as is generally recognized at present.
Aims. Here we aim to use afterglow observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at redshifts larger than z > 4 to derive host galaxy dust column densities along their line of sight and to test if a SN-type dust extinction curve is required for some of the bursts.
Methods. We performed GRB afterglow observations with the seven-channel Gamma-Ray Optical and Near-infrared Detector (GROND) at the 2.2 m MPI telescope in La Silla, Chile (ESO), and we combined these observations with quasi-simultaneous data gathered with the XRT telescope on board the Swift satellite.
Results. We increase the number of measured AV values for GRBs at z > 4 by a factor of ~2–3 and find that, in contrast to samples at mostly lower redshift, all of the GRB afterglows have a visual extinction of AV < 0.5 mag. Analysis of the GROND detection thresholds and results from a Monte Carlo simulation show that although we partly suffer from an observational bias against highly extinguished sight-lines, GRB host galaxies at 4 < z < 6 seem to contain on average less dust than at z ~ 2. Additionally, we find that all of the GRBs can be modeled with locally measured extinction curves and that the SN-like dust extinction curve, as previously found toward GRB 071025, provides a better fit for only two of the afterglow SEDs. However, because of the lack of highly extinguished sight lines and the limited wavelength coverage we cannot distinguish between the different scenarios. For the first time we also report a photometric redshift of zphot = 7.88-0.94+0.75 for GRB 100905A, making it one of the most distant GRBs known to date.
ATCA observations of the MACS-Planck Radio Halo Cluster Project
Authors: Martinez Aviles G. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Ferrari C. , Venturi T. , Democles J. , Dallacasa D. , Cassano R. , Brunetti G. , Giacintucci S. , Pratt G. W. , Arnaud M. , Aghanim N. , Brown S. , Douspis M. , Hurier J. , Intema H. T. , Langer M. , Macario G. , Pointecouteau E. 
Published: October 2017

Aim. A fraction of galaxy clusters host diffuse radio sources whose origins are investigated through multi-wavelength studies of cluster samples. We investigate the presence of diffuse radio emission in a sample of seven galaxy clusters in the largely unexplored intermediate redshift range (0.3 < z < 0.44).
Methods. In search of diffuse emission, deep radio imaging of the clusters are presented from wide band (1.1–3.1 GHz), full resolution (~5 arcsec) observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The visibilities were also imaged at lower resolution after point source modelling and subtraction and after a taper was applied to achieve better sensitivity to low surface brightness diffuse radio emission. In case of non-detection of diffuse sources, we set upper limits for the radio power of injected diffuse radio sources in the field of our observations. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamical state of the observed clusters based on an X-ray morphological analysis with XMM-Newton.
Results. We detect a giant radio halo in PSZ2 G284.97-23.69 (z = 0.39) and a possible diffuse source in the nearly relaxed cluster PSZ2 G262.73-40.92 (z = 0.421). Our sample contains three highly disturbed massive clusters without clear traces of diffuse emission at the observed frequencies. We were able to inject modelled radio haloes with low values of total flux density to set upper detection limits; however, with our high-frequency observations we cannot exclude the presence of RH in these systems because of the sensitivity of our observations in combination with the high z of the observed clusters.
Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation with Transvenous Endovascular Treatment in an Adult: Case Report
Authors: Vale João , Vale Benjamim , Macêdo Lívio , Araújo Marx , Sousa Thiago 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is the result of the direct communication between the arterial network and the median prosencephalic vein. It is a rare vascular congenital malformation representing less than 1% of intracranial abnormalities. This finding is very rare in adults, and it may or may not present symptoms during childhood. Most cases of VGAM can be detected in the fetus by ultrasonography. The referral of pregnant women with fetuses with this condition to centers where better facilities and resources for childbirth and immediate postpartum care are available has resulted in considerable improvement in the prognosis of newborns. Regarding treatment, the endovascular approach to VGAM includes arterial embolization and percutaneous transvenous techniques. The transvenous endovascular treatment was chosen in the case presented in this article.
Effect of Maternal Age and Fetal Number on the Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Merriam Audrey , Jung Julley , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Smith Devin 
Published: October 2017

Objective Our primary objective was to compare the differential contribution of fetal number and maternal age to the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).
Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a large study of primary cesarean delivery. Women with singleton, twin, or triplet gestations were included. Women were divided into groups based on fetal number and maternal age. The primary outcome was HDP. A logistic regression model was fit to adjust for confounders. The incidence of HDP was compared with the reference group and within exposure groups.
Results Of the 70,417 women included, HDP occurred in 8,079 (12%) women. The frequency of HDP among the comparison groups ranged from 11 to 38%. Nearly all groups had significantly increased risk of HDP compared with young maternal age singletons. Twin and triplet gestations increased the risk of HDP over singletons irrespective of maternal age after adjusting for baseline disease and race. The risk of HDP did not significantly increase with maternal age when fetal number was similar.
Conclusion Fetal number significantly increased the risk of HDP and contributed more to that risk than maternal age. Maternal age became significant in groups with age greater than 40 years.
The U.S. Twin Delivery Volume and Association with Cesarean Delivery Rates: A Hospital-Level Analysis
Authors: Robinson Julian , Carusi Daniela , Little Sarah , Easter Sarah 
Published: October 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to test whether hospitals experienced in twin delivery have lower rates of cesarean delivery for twins.
Methods We divided obstetric hospitals in the 2011 National Inpatient Sample by quartile of annual twin deliveries and compared twin cesarean delivery rates between hospitals with weighted linear regression. We used Pearson's coefficients to correlate a hospital's twin cesarean delivery rate to its overall cesarean delivery and vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) rates.
Results Annual twin delivery volume ranged from 1 to 506 across the 547 analyzed hospitals with a median of 10 and mode of 3. Adjusted rates of cesarean delivery were independent of delivery volume with a rate of 75.5 versus 74.8% in the lowest and highest volume hospitals (p = 0.09 across quartiles). A hospital's cesarean delivery rate for twins moderately correlated with the overall cesarean rate (r = 0.52, p < 0.01) and inversely correlated with VBAC rate (r =  − 0.42, p < 0.01).
Conclusion Most U.S. obstetrical units perform a low volume of twin deliveries with no decrease in cesarean delivery rates at higher volume hospitals. Twin cesarean delivery rates correlate with other obstetric parameters such as singleton cesarean delivery and VBAC rates suggesting twin cesarean delivery rate is more closely related to a hospital's general obstetric practice than its twin delivery volume.
Transkranielle elektrische Hirnstimulation
Authors: Reis Janine , Fritsch Brita 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDie transkranielle elektrische Hirnstimulation durch schwachen Gleichstrom (tDCS) oder Wechselstrom (tACS, tRNS) wird klinisch und experimentell zunehmend eingesetzt, um kognitive und motorische Funktionen bei gesunden Personen und Patienten mit neurologischen Erkrankungen zu verbessern. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fokussiert auf den therapeutischen Stellenwert der Gleichstromstimulation in der Neuro-rehabilitation und bietet eine Übersicht zur Studienlage bei motorischen und nicht-motorischen Symptomen nach Schlaganfall, Aufmerksamkeits- und Bewusstseinsstörungen sowie bei Morbus Parkinson.