bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of an Experimental Direct Pulp-capping Material on the Properties and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Yu Fan , Dong Yan , Yang Yan-wei , Lin Ping-ting , Yu Hao-han , Sun Xiang , Sun Xue-fei , Zhou Huan , Huang Li , Chen Ji-hua 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEffective pulp-capping materials must have antibacterial properties and induce dentin bridge formation; however, many current materials do not satisfy clinical requirements. Accordingly, the effects of an experiment pulp-capping material (Exp) composed of an antibacterial resin monomer (MAE-DB) and Portland cement (PC) on the viability, adhesion, migration, and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were examined. Based on a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, hDPSCs exposed to Exp extracts showed limited viability at 24 and 48 h, but displayed comparable viability to the control at 72 h. hDPSC treatment with Exp extracts enhanced cellular adhesion and migration according to in vitro scratch wound healing and Transwell migration assays. Exp significantly upregulated the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. The hDPSCs cultured with Exp exhibited higher ALP activity and calcium deposition in vitro compared with the control group. The novel material showed comparable cytocompatibility to control cells and promoted the adhesion, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, indicating excellent biocompatibility. This new direct pulp-capping material containing MAE-DB and PC shows promise as a potential alternative to conventional materials for direct pulp capping.
Lithium-ion-based solid electrolyte tuning of the carrier density in graphene
Authors: Zhao Jialin , Wang Meng , Li Hui , Zhang Xuefu , You Lixing , Qiao Shan , Gao Bo , Xie Xiaoming , Jiang Mianheng 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe have developed a technique to tune the carrier density in graphene using a lithium-ion-based solid electrolyte. We demonstrate that the solid electrolyte can be used as both a substrate to support graphene and a back gate. It can induce a change in the carrier density as large as 1 × 1014 cm−2, which is much larger than that induced with oxide-film dielectrics, and it is comparable with that induced by liquid electrolytes. Gate modulation of the carrier density is still visible at 150 K, which is lower than the glass transition temperature of most liquid gating electrolytes.
Work-Related Determinants of Voice Complaints Among School Workers: An Eleven-Month Follow-Up Study
Authors: Cutiva Lady Catherine Cantor , Burdorf Alex 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
We determined the natural course of voice complaints among school workers and established the risk factors associated with incidence and chronic voice complaints.

Method
We conducted a longitudinal study with an 11-month follow-up among 682 school workers. Participants filled out a questionnaire on individual and work-related conditions and the nature and severity of voice complaints. All participants who provided baseline data were contacted in the 11-month follow-up, if they were still working in the school. Short-term environmental measurements of physical work-related factors were conducted during visits at the workplaces. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations between work-related factors and voice complaints.

Results
We found a high occurrence of chronic voice complaints, a low recovery of 22%, and an annual incidence of 44%. A self-reported high noise level at the workplace was associated with the incidence of voice complaints (odds ratio = 2.45). Self-reported poor acoustics in the classroom was associated with chronic voice complaints (odds ratio = 1.76).

Conclusions
This unique longitudinal study among school workers presented some indications that self-reported high noise levels may contribute to the incidence of voice complaints, whereas self-reported poor acoustic conditions may be an important associated factor of chronic voice complaints.
Crocus sativus L. versus Citalopram in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder with Anxious Distress: A Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Ghajar A. , Neishabouri S. , Velayati N. , Jahangard L. , Matinnia N. , Haghighi M. , Ghaleiha A. , Afarideh M. , Salimi S. , Meysamie A. , Akhondzadeh S. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has demonstrated antidepressant effects in clinical studies and extensive anxiolytic effects in experimental animal models.
Methods: 66 patients with major depressive disorder accompanied by anxious distress were randomly assigned to receive either saffron (30 mg/day) or citalopram (40 mg/day) for 6 weeks. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) were used to assess treatment effect during the trial.
Results: 60 participants finished the study. Patients who received either saffron or citalopram showed significant improvement in scores of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (P-value<0.001 in both groups) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (P-value<0.001 in both groups). Comparison of score changes between the 2 trial arms showed no significant difference (P-value=0.984). Frequency of side effects was not significantly different between the 2 groups.
Discussion: The present study indicates saffron as a potential efficacious and tolerable treatment for major depressive disorder with anxious distress.
Estimates of the magnitudes of major marine mass extinctions in earth history
Authors: Stanley Steven M. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
This paper shows that background extinction definitely preceded mass extinctions; introduces a mathematical method for estimating the amount of this background extinction and, by subtracting it from total extinction, correcting estimates of losses in mass extinctions; presents a method for estimating the amount of erroneous backward smearing of extinctions from mass extinction intervals; and introduces a method for calculating species losses in a mass extinction that takes into account clustering of losses. It concludes that the great terminal Permian crisis eliminated only about 81% of marine species, not the frequently quoted 90–96%. Life did not almost disappear at the end of the Permian, as has often been asserted.
Bubble growth from clustered hydrogen and helium atoms in tungsten under a fusion environment
Authors: You Yu-Wei , Kong Xiang-Shan , Wu Xuebang , Liu C.S. , Chen J.L. , Luo G.-N. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Bubbles seriously degrade the mechanical properties of tungsten and thus threaten the safety of nuclear fusion devices, however, the underlying atomic mechanism of bubble growth from clustered hydrogen and helium atoms is still mysterious. In this work, first-principles calculations are therefore carried out to assess the stability of tungsten atoms around both hydrogen and helium clusters. We find that the closest vacancy-formation energies of interstitial hydrogen and helium clusters are substantially decreased. The first-nearest and second-nearest vacancy-formation energies close to vacancy–hydrogen clusters decrease in a step-like way to  ∼0, while those close to vacancy–helium clusters are reduced almost linearly to  ∼−5.46 eV when atom number reaches 10. The vacancy-formation energies closest to helium clusters are more significantly reduced than those nearest to hydrogen clusters, whatever the clusters are embedded at interstitial sites or vacancies. The reduction of vacancy-formation energies results in instability and thus emission of tungsten atoms close to interstitial helium and vacancy–helium clusters, which illustrates the experimental results, that the tungsten atoms can be emitted from the vicinity of vacancy–helium clusters. In addition, the emission of unstable tungsten atoms close to hydrogen clusters may become possible once they are disturbed by the environment. The emission of tungsten atoms facilitates the growth and evolution of hydrogen and helium clusters and ultimately the bubble formation. The results also explain the bubble formation even if no displacement damage is produced in tungsten exposed to low-energy hydrogen and helium plasma.
Investigation of inter-ELM ion heat transport in the H-mode pedestal of ASDEX Upgrade plasmas
Authors: Viezzer E. , Fable E. , Cavedon M. , Angioni C. , Dux R. , Laggner F.M. , Bernert M. , Burckhart A. , McDermott R.M. , Pütterich T. , Ryter F. , Willensdorfer M. , Wolfrum E. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The ion heat transport in the pedestal of H-mode plasmas is investigated in various H-mode discharges with different pedestal ion collisionalities. Interpretive modelling suggests that in all analyzed discharges the ion heat diffusivity coefficient,

χ

i

, in the pedestal is close to the neoclassical prediction within the experimental uncertainties. The impact of changing the deposition location of the electron cyclotron resonance heating on the ion heat transport has been studied. The effect on the background profiles is small. The pre-ELM (edge localized modes) edge profiles as well as the behaviour of the electron temperature and density, ion temperature and impurity toroidal rotation during the ELM cycle are very similar in discharges with on- and off-axis ECRH heating. No significant deviation of

χ

i

from neoclassics is observed when changing the ECRH deposition location to the plasma edge.
Zika Virus Causing Encephalomyelitis Associated With Immunoactivation
Authors: Galliez Rafael Mello , Spitz Mariana , Rafful Patricia Piazza , Cagy Marcelo , Escosteguy Claudia , Germano Caroline Spósito Brito , Sasse Elisa , Gonçalves Alessandro Luis , Silveira Paola Paz , Pezzuto Paula , Ornelas Alice Maria de Magalhães , Tanuri Amilcar , Aguiar Renato Santana , Moll Fernanda Tovar 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Brazil has experienced a Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak with increased incidence of congenital malformations and neurological manifestations. We describe a case of a 26-year-old Brazilian Caucasian man infected with ZIKV and diagnosed with encephalomyelitis. Brain and spinal cord images showed hyperintense lesions on T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid showed a remarkable increase of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. The observed pattern suggests immune activation during the acute phase, along with the neurological impairment, with normalization in the recovery phase. This is the first longitudinal report of ZIKV infection causing encephalomyelitis with documented immune activation.
Firm Leverage, Consumer Demand, and Employment Losses During the Great Recession*
Authors: Giroud Xavier , Mueller Holger M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article argues that firms’ balance sheets were instrumental in the transmission of consumer demand shocks during the Great Recession. Using micro-level data from the U.S. Census Bureau, we find that establishments of more highly levered firms experienced significantly larger employment losses in response to declines in local consumer demand. These results are not driven by firms being less productive, having expanded too much prior to the Great Recession, or being generally more sensitive to fluctuations in either aggregate employment or house prices. Likewise, at the county level, we find that counties with more highly levered firms experienced significantly larger declines in employment in response to local consumer demand shocks. Accordingly, firms’ balance sheets also matter for aggregate employment. Our results suggest a possible role for employment policies that target firms directly besides conventional stimulus.
The Taxation of Superstars*
Authors: Scheuer Florian , Werning Iván 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
How are optimal taxes affected by superstar phenomena? To answer this question, we extend the Mirrlees model to incorporate an assignment problem in the labor market that generates superstar effects. Perhaps surprisingly, rather than providing a rationale for higher taxes, we show that superstar effects provide a force for lower marginal taxes conditional on the observed distribution of earnings. Superstar effects make the earnings schedule convex, which increases the responsiveness of individual earnings to tax changes. We show that various common elasticity measures must be adjusted upward in optimal tax formulas. Finally, we study a comparative static that does not keep the observed earnings distribution fixed: when superstar technologies are introduced, inequality increases but we obtain a neutrality result, finding optimal taxes unaltered.
Substitution, entrapment, and inefficiency? Cohort inequalities in a two-tier labour market
Authors: Barbieri Paolo , Cutuli Giorgio , Luijkx Ruud , Mari Gabriele , Scherer Stefani 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this article, we provide a longitudinal account of institutionally originated, cohort inequalities in a two-tier labour market, taking Italy as an exemplary case of partial and targeted deregulation. We examine the incidence and career consequences of temporary employment relying on panel data, across reforms implemented in the 1990s and early 2000s. A substitution effect is found for the initial stages of workers’ careers: while the youngest cohorts of school-leavers increasingly enter the flexible labour market, access to stable positions is hampered. Previous experiences in the flexible segment of the labour force also increase the risk of entrapment in temporary jobs. This lock-in dynamic is more visible for post-reforms cohorts and might have increased labour market inefficiency. Indeed, the entrapment risk has risen disproportionately for those individuals whose (un)observed characteristics could instead predict a faster exit from the flexible labour market, possibly towards stable positions. Our findings cast doubts on the transitory nature of temporary work in Italy and on the efficiency of partial and targeted reforms.
Protective Effect of Inflammasome Activation by Hydrogen Peroxide in a Mouse Model of Septic Shock
Authors: Huet Olivier , Pickering Raelene J. , Tikellis Chris , Latouche Celine , Long Fenella , Kingwell Bronwyn , Dickinson Bryan , Chang Chris J. , Masters Seth , Mackay Fabienne , Cooper Mark E. , de Haan Judy B. 
Published: October 2016

Objectives:
To study the effect of a lack of antioxidant defenses during lethal pneumonia induced by Klebsiella pneumonia, compared to wild-type mice.

Setting:
Laboratory experiments.

Subjects:
C57Bl6 and glutathione peroxidase 1 knockout mice.

Intervention:
Murine acute pneumonia model induced by Klebsiella pneumonia.

Measurements and Main Results:
We show here that despite a lack of one of the major antioxidant defense enzymes, glutathione peroxidase 1 knockout mice are protected during lethal pneumonia induced by Klebsiella pneumonia, compared to wild-type mice. Furthermore, this protective effect was suppressed when antioxidant defenses were restored. Infected glutathione peroxidase 1 mice showed an early and significant, albeit transient, increase in the activity of the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome when compared with wild-type mice. The key role of the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome during acute pneumonia was confirmed in vivo when the protective effect was suppressed by treating glutathione peroxidase 1 mice with an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Additionally we report, in vitro, that increased concentrations of active caspase-1 and interleukin-1β are related to an increased concentration of hydrogen peroxide in bacterially infected glutathione peroxidase 1 macrophages and that restoring hydrogen peroxide antioxidant defenses suppressed this effect.

Conclusions:
Our findings demonstrate that, contrary to current thinking, an early intervention targeting NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome activity induces a timely and efficient activation of the innate immune response during acute infection. Our findings also demonstrate a role for hydrogen peroxide in the mechanisms tightly regulating NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 activation.
Experts Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Calcium Channel Blocker Poisoning in Adults
Authors: St-Onge Maude , Anseeuw Kurt , Cantrell Frank Lee , Gilchrist Ian C. , Hantson Philippe , Bailey Benoit , Lavergne Valéry , Gosselin Sophie , Kerns William , Laliberté Martin , Lavonas Eric J. , Juurlink David N. , Muscedere John , Yang Chen-Chang , Sinuff Tasnim , Rieder Michael , Mégarbane Bruno 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
To provide a management approach for adults with calcium channel blocker poisoning.

Data Sources, Study Selection, and Data Extraction:
Following the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II instrument, initial voting statements were constructed based on summaries outlining the evidence, risks, and benefits.

Data Synthesis:
We recommend 1) for asymptomatic patients, observation and consideration of decontamination following a potentially toxic calcium channel blocker ingestion (1D); 2) as first-line therapies (prioritized based on desired effect), IV calcium (1D), high-dose insulin therapy (1D–2D), and norepinephrine and/or epinephrine (1D). We also suggest dobutamine or epinephrine in the presence of cardiogenic shock (2D) and atropine in the presence of symptomatic bradycardia or conduction disturbance (2D); 3) in patients refractory to the first-line treatments, we suggest incremental doses of high-dose insulin therapy if myocardial dysfunction is present (2D), IV lipid-emulsion therapy (2D), and using a pacemaker in the presence of unstable bradycardia or high-grade arteriovenous block without significant alteration in cardiac inotropism (2D); 4) in patients with refractory shock or who are periarrest, we recommend incremental doses of high-dose insulin (1D) and IV lipid-emulsion therapy (1D) if not already tried. We suggest venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, if available, when refractory shock has a significant cardiogenic component (2D), and using pacemaker in the presence of unstable bradycardia or high-grade arteriovenous block in the absence of myocardial dysfunction (2D) if not already tried; 5) in patients with cardiac arrest, we recommend IV calcium in addition to the standard advanced cardiac life-support (1D), lipid-emulsion therapy (1D), and we suggest venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation if available (2D).

Conclusion:
We offer recommendations for the stepwise management of calcium channel blocker toxicity. For all interventions, the level of evidence was very low.
Comparison of Pueraria mirifica gel and conjugated equine estrogen cream effects on vaginal health in postmenopausal women
Authors: Suwanvesh Narathorn , Manonai Jittima , Sophonsritsuk Areepan , Cherdshewasart Wichai 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objectives:
To compare the effects of a 12-week treatment with Pueraria mirifica (PM) gel or a conjugated estrogen cream on vaginal maturation index, vaginal symptom score, vaginal health assessment score, and vaginal flora in postmenopausal women.

Methods:
In a prospective, noninferiority, randomized controlled study, 82 postmenopausal women with at least one vulvovaginal symptom, that is, dryness, soreness, irritation, dyspareunia, or discharge, were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups for treatment with either PM gel or conjugated estrogen cream (CEE). The treatment regimen consisted of application of 0.5 g of product intravaginally daily for 2 weeks, and then decreased to three times per week for 10 weeks. Vaginal maturation index, vaginal symptoms score, and vaginal health assessment score were evaluated before the beginning of the study and at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment with PM or CEE.

Results:
The vaginal maturation index increased significantly in both treatment groups at week 12, from 22.44 ± 22.28 to 47.56 ± 29.00 and from 27.07 ± 26.12 to 66.90 ± 22.42 in the PM and the CEE groups, respectively (P < 0.05). A significantly higher effect was, however, observed in the CEE group (P < 0.05). Vaginal symptom scores decreased significantly after treatment in both groups, from 4.37 ± 2.79 to 0.95 ± 1.88 and from 4.15 ± 2.16 to 0.68 ± 1.64 in the PM and the CEE groups, respectively (P < 0.05), with no statistically significant different between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
The use of a 12-week treatment regimen with Pueraria mirifica gel was shown to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy. Conjugated estrogen cream was found to be more effective compared to Pueraria mirifica gel in improving signs of vaginal atrophy and restoring vaginal epithelium at 6 and 12 weeks.
Aging ovary and the role for advanced glycation end products
Authors: Pertynska-Marczewska Magdalena , Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator, the pituitary gonadotropes, the ovaries, and the uterus play a crucial role in female fertility. A decline in reproductive performance represents a complex interplay of actions at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Recently, in the field of female reproductive aging attention is drawn to the carbonyl stress theory. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute directly to protein damage, induce a chain of oxidative stress (OS) reactions, and increase inflammatory reactions. Here, we highlight some of the mechanisms underlying glycation damage in the ovary.

Methods:
Searches of electronic databases were performed. Articles relevant to possible role of OS, AGEs, and receptor for AGE (RAGE) in aging ovary were summarized in this interpretive literature review.

Results:
Follicular microenvironment undergoes an increase in OS with aging. Data support the role of OS in ovulatory dysfunction because AGEs are well-recognized mediators of increased OS. RAGE and AGE-modified proteins with activated nuclear factor-kappa B are expressed in human ovarian tissue. It was suggested that accumulation of AGEs products at the level of the ovarian follicle might trigger early ovarian aging or could be responsible for reduced glucose uptake by granulosa cells, potentially altering follicular growth. Moreover, impaired methylglyoxal detoxification causing relevant damage to the ovarian proteome might be one of the mechanisms underlying reproductive aging.

Conclusions:
Further investigation of the role for the AGE-RAGE axis in the ovarian follicular environment is needed, and results could relate to assisted reproduction technology outcomes and new measures of ovarian reserve.