bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of trauma quality improvement programme implementation on quality of life among trauma patients in urban India
Authors: Kapitan Eelika , Berg Johanna , David Siddarth , Mohan L N , Felländer-Tsai Li , Chatterjee Shamita , Ekelund Ulf , Roy Nobhojit , Petzhold Max , Von Schreeb Johan , Soni Kapil Dev , Rajan Sendhil , Khajanchi Monty , Gerdin Wärnberg Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTrauma accounts for around 4.4 million deaths annually and is among the leading causes of death, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Trauma quality improvement programmes may reduce adverse patient outcomes but lack robust evidence. This study assessed the effect of implementing a trauma quality improvement programme using audit filters on health-related quality of life in adult trauma patients in urban India.We conducted a controlled interrupted time series study (ClinicalTrials.govIDNCT03235388) across four tertiary care university hospitals. Adult (≥18 years) trauma patients, who were alive at 90 days post-admission, were included. After a 14-month observation phase, two hospitals were randomized to the intervention arm and implemented the trauma quality improvement programme, while two control hospitals did not implement any interventions. The study spanned from 2017 to 2022.Health-related quality of life was assessed 90 days post-admission using the EuroQol 5-dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire. The main outcome was EQ-5D health status, scaled from 0 to 100, analyzed using a difference-in-differences (DiD) approach. Descriptive analysis was performed for the five individual EQ-5D dimensions.2307 participants were eligible for the analyses. The DiD analysis showed a statistically significant reduction in the EQ-5D health status score in the intervention arm (DiD estimate −4.07 [95% CI: −7.00; −1.15]). For the 819 patients with major trauma, there was a more pronounced, but statistically insignificant reduction (DiD estimate −4.86 [95% CI: −9.87; 0.15]). In the intervention arm, mobility, self-care, and pain/discomfort improved, while usual activities and anxiety/depression worsened.Implementing trauma quality improvement programmes using audit filters may reduce the average health-related quality of life of trauma patients if more severely injured patients survive, highlighting the importance of assessing quality of life after the implementation of such programmes and ensuring adequate rehabilitation resources to support long-term recovery.
Spatial learning in feature-impoverished environments inDrosophila
Authors: Chen Yang , Alfredson Robert , Motevalli Dorsa , Fogleman Sydney , Stern Ulrich , Yang Chung-Hui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ability to return to memorized goal locations is essential for animal survival. While it is well documented that animals use visual landmarks to locate goals1,2, how they navigate spatial learning tasks in environments lacking such landmarks remains poorly understood. Here, using a high-throughput spatial learning task we developed to investigate this question inDrosophila, we found thatDrosophilacan simultaneously use self-generated olfactory cues and self-motion cues to learn a spatial goal under visually challenging conditions. Specifically, flies mark a rewarded goal location with self-deposited scents, to which they assign a positive value, and use these scents and their self-motion cues to guide them back to the goal. This learning process is mediated by the mushroom body (MB) – an olfactory learning center responsible for associating odors with reinforcement3– and by PFN neurons, which encode egocentric translational velocity4,5, a self-motion cue. Intriguingly, when the environment is enriched with prominent external olfactory landmarks, flies shift to prioritizing landmarks over self-generated cues – a strategy adjustment reflected in both the critical circuit involved and an altered transcriptome in the brain. Our findings demonstrate thatDrosophilacan dynamically adapt to environmental complexities when solving spatial learning tasks by creating and integrating internal and external cues, revealing an unexpected level of sophistication in their cognitive capacities.
Unfolding the relationship between change management, employee engagement and productivity: resistance to change and emotional intelligence as moderators
Authors: Shaik Shamshad Ahamed , Batta Ankaiah , Parayitam Satyanarayana 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThe objective of this study is to investigate the effect of change management (CM) on employee productivity (EP). A double-layered conceptual model involving resistance to change and emotional intelligence (EI) as moderators and employee engagement (EE) as a mediator between CM and EP.Design/methodology/approachFour industries from India (education, healthcare, information technology and manufacturing) are selected to test the hypothesized relationships. The data from 406 respondents were collected through a survey instrument and was analyzed using Hayes’s PROCESS macros.FindingsThe results reveal that CM is a precursor to EE and EP. The findings also indicate that resistance to change (first moderator) and EI (second moderator) significantly influenced the relationship between CM and EP mediated through EE.Research limitations/implicationsAs with any social science research, this study suffers from the limitations of common method bias and social desirability bias. However, the researchers have taken adequate care to minimize these biases. This study has several theoretical and practical implications.Originality/valueThe moderated-mediated model concerning CM is the first of its kind to study in the Indian context and hence makes a substantial contribution to the literature on CM. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.
ChatGPT is likely reducing opportunity for support, friendship and learned kindness in research
Authors: Millard Joseph , Christie Alec P. , Dicks Lynn V. , Isip Justin E. , Johnson Thomas F. , Skinner Grace , Spake Rebecca 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Large language models (LLM) have proved to be highly popular since the release of ChatGPT, leading many researchers to explore their potential across multiple fields of scientific research. In a recent Perspective, Cooper et al. (2024) highlight a set of benefits and challenges for the use of LLMs in ecology, emphasising their value to coding in research and education.

While we agree that the ability of LLMs to assist in the coding process is remarkable, researchers should be conscious that this capability is likely changing the lived experience of primarily computational researchers, especially early career ecologists between Masters and Postdoctoral career stages.

In particular, since the release of ChatGPT, the authors of this paper have noticed a marked reduction in the frequency of social interactions emergent from coding and statistics queries. These questions are highly likely still being asked, but now often exclusively to a LLM.

Further research is needed to fully understand the effect of LLMs on the lived‐experience of researchers and students. For primarily computational researchers, ChatGPT is likely reducing emergent opportunity for support, friendship and learned kindness. Group leaders should recognise this and foster deliberate within‐group communication and collaboration.
The Australian Frailty Network: Development of a consumer‐focussed national response to frailty
Authors: Reid Natasha , Young Adrienne , Baldassar Loretta , Christoffersen Anja , Comans Tracy , Conroy Simon , Etherton‐Beer Christopher , Ferris Jason , Singh Maria Fiatarone , Fox Sarah , Gordon Emily H. , Ghosh Manonita , Guha Chandana , Hilmer Sarah , Kouladjian O’Donnell Lisa , Logan Benignus , Ludlow Kristiana , Miller Michelle , Morgan Mark , Mudge Alison , Muscedere John , Reidlinger Donna , Rockwood Kenneth , Saunders Rosemary , Ward David , Yates Paul , Hubbard Ruth E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFrailty is an important concept in the care of older adults. Over the past two decades, significant advances have been made in measuring frailty. While it is now well‐recognised that frailty status is an important determinant of outcomes from medical illnesses or surgical interventions, frailty measurement is not currently routinely integrated into clinical practice. In the community setting, it is uncommon for general practitioners to deliver frailty‐optimised care. In hospitals, there is substantial variability in how people living with frailty are managed. This variability is notable between and even within disciplines. Furthermore, gains from understanding frailty mechanisms and risk factors are not yet applied/implemented at scale to delay the progression of frailty in community‐dwellers. The Australian Frailty Network (AFN) is a national collaborative group of researchers, clinicians, non‐government organisations, consumers and policymakers, in which the engagement and active involvement of consumers has been embedded from the outset. The AFN aims to generate new knowledge to improve health outcomes, to ensure evidence‐based management is translated into clinical practice and to build capacity in multidisciplinary and translational frailty research. Here, we describe the development of the AFN, highlighting important milestones: (i) securing funding for the network and flagship elements; (ii) an inaugural summit to establish the strategic vision, values and scope with end‐users; (iii) sabbatical visits to learn from international examples; and (iv) developing the governance structure and an actionable plan encompassing consumer engagement, research, education and policy and practice to maximise impact.
The Hierarchical Coevolutionary Units of Ecological Networks
Authors: Maia Kate Pereira , Guimarães Paulo Roberto 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn ecological networks, cohesive groups of species may shape the evolution of interactions, serving as coevolutionary units. Ranging across network scales, from motifs to isolated components, elucidating which cohesive groups are more determinant for coevolution remains a challenge in ecology. We address this challenge by integrating 376 empirical mutualistic and antagonistic networks and coevolutionary models. We identified cohesive groups at four network scales containing a significant proportion of potential direct coevolutionary effects. Cohesive groups displayed hierarchical organisation, and potential coevolutionary effects overflowing lower‐scale groups were contained by higher‐scale groups, underscoring the hierarchy's impact. However, indirect coevolutionary effects blurred group boundaries and hierarchy, particularly under strong selection from ecological interactions. Thus, under strong selection, indirect effects render networks themselves, and not cohesive groups, as the likely coevolutionary units of ecological systems. We hypothesise hierarchical cohesive groups to also shape how other forms of direct and indirect effects propagate in ecological systems.
Coexistence of Competing Plants Under Plant–Soil Feedback
Authors: Senthilnathan Athmanathan , D'Andrea Rafael 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPlant–soil feedback (PSF), the reciprocal interaction between plants and their soil environment, is a fundamental ecological process that can influence coexistence and functional structure in plant communities. Current theory establishes that PSF may enhance diversity or lead to exclusion depending on whether soil conditioning disproportionately benefits heterospecific or conspecific individuals. However, a more complete picture of the impact of PSF requires understanding how PSF interacts with competition. To that end, here we propose an integrated mathematical model combining trait‐based competition and soil‐explicit PSF. Contrary to the current paradigm, we find that soil conditioning that disproportionately favours conspecific individuals can promote coexistence. Additionally, we show that priority effects are common when soil‐conditioning species differ in their edaphic preferences. These effects can allow species with large differences in competitive ability to coexist under certain soil conditions. Our results provide testable predictions tying community‐level functional patterns in plant communities to PSF and competition.
Microbial Dormancy Supports Multi‐Species Coexistence Under Resource Fluctuations
Authors: Letten Andrew D. , Yamamichi Masato , Richardson James A. , Ke Po‐Ju 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe ability for microbes to enter dormant states is adaptive under resource fluctuations and has been linked to the maintenance of diversity. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which microbial dormancy gives rise to the density‐dependent feedbacks required for stable coexistence under resource fluctuations is not well understood. Via analysis of consumer‐resource models, we show that the stable coexistence of dormancy and non‐dormancy strategists is a consequence of the former benefiting more from resource fluctuations while simultaneously reducing overall resource variability, which sets up the requisite negative frequency dependence. Moreover, we find that dormants can coexist alongside gleaner and opportunist strategies in a competitive‐exclusion‐defying case of three species coexistence on a single resource. This multi‐species coexistence is typically characterised by non‐simple assembly rules that cannot be predicted from pairwise competition outcomes. The diversity maintained via this three‐way trade‐off represents a novel phenomenon that is ripe for further theoretical and empirical inquiry.
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Increases Plant Phylogenetic Diversity and Regulates Community Assembly in Grasslands
Authors: Zhang Entao , Wang Yang , Chen Shiping , Zhou Daowei , Shangguan Zhouping , Huang Jianhui , He Jin‐Sheng , Wang Yanfen , Sheng Jiandong , Tang Lisong , Li Xinrong , Dong Ming , Wu Yan , Hu Shuijin , Bai Yongfei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe intricate mechanisms controlling plant diversity and community composition are cornerstone of ecological understanding. Yet, the role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in influencing community composition has often been underestimated. Here, we use extensive species survey data from 1315 grassland sites in China to elucidate the influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant phylogenetic diversity and community assembly. We show that increasing mycorrhizal symbiotic potential leads to greater phylogenetic dispersion within plant communities. Mycorrhizal species predominantly influence deterministic processes, suggesting a role in niche‐based community assembly. Conversely, non‐mycorrhizal species exert a stronger influence on stochastic processes, highlighting the importance of random events in shaping community structure. These results underscore the crucial but often hidden role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in driving plant community diversity and assembly. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms shaping ecological communities and the way for more informed conservation that acknowledges the complex interplay between symbiosis and community dynamics.
The impact of unions on compensation consultants and CEO pay
Authors: Nanda Vikram , Nishikawa Takeshi , Prevost Andrew 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearch on executive compensation finds unions to be associated with lower executive compensation, particularly incentive pay, while other work documents the role of compensation consultants in facilitating stronger CEO incentives and pay. We propose and test the implications of a simple theoretical framework that integrates these empirical findings. We find empirical support for our model's prediction that in environments less favorable to union organization (e.g., right‐to‐work states), firms with higher unionization rates strategically engage consultants to counter union influence, place greater value on their advice as gauged by consultant fees, and offer managers greater equity incentives opposed by unions. On the other hand, in strongly prolabor environments, unions are more successful at curtailing consultant use and have greater influence on the level of pay and incentives.
“I Am Forever Changed”: A Phenomenological Study of the Existential Experiences of Parents of Children and Young People With Complex Care Needs
Authors: Nygård Carina , Clancy Anne , Kitzmüller Gabriele 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore the existential lived experiences of parents of children and young people with complex care needs.DesignAn explorative qualitative design.MethodsWe conducted 16 in‐depth interviews with parents of children and young people with complex care needs across Norway from February to May 2022. Data collection and analysis were guided by the theoretical framework of van Manen's phenomenology of practice approach.ResultsFour distinct but interwoven themes reflecting the comprehensive and holistic nature of parents' existential lived experiences emerged: lived body: “I am forever changed”; lived space: Seeking sanctuary; lived time: “Time doesn't seem to exist”; and lived self‐other: Parents' changing relationships.ConclusionsParents' ongoing efforts to manage fluctuations in their daily lives profoundly affect the existential aspects of their well‐being, suggesting that respectful and attentive nurse–parent relationships can nurture existential growth.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareThere is a crucial need for a genuine nursing presence characterised by an attitude of open sensitivity and attentive listening to parents' existential experiences. Nurses should embrace the opportunity to engage in respectful and attentive dialogues with parents. Acknowledging that the insights emerging from these conversations can improve integrated and personalised nursing services worldwide.ImpactParents of children and young people with complex care needs often experience suboptimal healthcare. Additionally, access to quality healthcare services, particularly in rural areas, is limited, creating inefficiencies and coordination challenges. This study provides nurses, other health care professionals, researchers, and decision‐makers with valuable perspectives on supporting parents' existential needs which may significantly impact their overall well‐being and coping abilities, contributing to a more compassionate approach to family care.Reporting MethodConsolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).Patient or Public ContributionParents of children and young people with complex care needs provided valuable feedback on the findings and implications of this work.
Error monitoring under working memory load: An electrocortical investigation
Authors: Watanabe Brandon K. , Bauer Elizabeth A. , MacNamara Annmarie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractError monitoring is essential for detecting errors and may facilitate behavioral adjustments that can reduce or prevent future errors. At times, error monitoring must occur while individuals are engaged in other, cognitively demanding tasks that might consume processing resources necessary for error monitoring. Here, we set out to determine whether concurrent working memory (WM) load interferes with error monitoring, as measured using event‐related potentials, the error‐related negativity (Ne/ERN), and error positivity (Pe). Fifty‐four participants (n = 33 female) completed an arrowhead flanker task, with trials presented under low (2 letter) or high (6 letter) WM load. Participants were required to hold letter strings in memory and to recall these letters at the end of a set of flanker trials. Results showed that WM load reduced the Pe but did not affect the Ne/ERN. Therefore, WM load appeared to attenuate later, more elaborated stages of error processing, though initial error detection was unaffected. Additionally, high WM load slowed reaction times overall, but did not lead to a significant increase in errors. As such, slower responses may have helped participants maintain comparable accuracy for low‐load versus high‐load trials. Overall, results indicate that WM load interferes with the evaluation of error significance, which could interfere with behavioral adaptations over time.
Asociación entre las dimensiones antropométricas de la mano y la fuerza de agarre en un grupo de trabajadores administrativos de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Monroy Siva Magda Viviana , Zea Forero Christian Ricardo , Rodríguez Silva Luisa Alejandra , Vargas Sánchez Karen Daniela 
Published: October 2024

El ser humano en su proceso evolutivo ha convertido a las manos en un instrumento fundamental para su supervivencia y relación con el entorno. La fuerza de agarre de la mano es un indicador de capacidad física y de bienestar del ser humano, por lo cual es relevante caracterizarla. El objetivo de este artículo fue determinar la asociación existente entre la fuerza de agarre y las medidas antropométricas de la mano en un grupo de trabajadores administrativos de la ciudad de Bogotá. Participaron 315 personas entre 18 y 63 años, a quienes se les midió ocho dimensiones de la mano y la fuerza de agarre en las dos manos. Mediante una regresión lineal se estableció que las medidas antropométricas que tienen relación significativa con la fuerza de agarre son AMM, EM, DA y CMM para la mano dominante, y AMM, EM, DA para la mano no dominante. Se determinó que las medidas antropométricas tienen un 52% de incidencia en la fuerza de la mano dominante, y un 50.6% para la fuerza de la mano no dominante. Asimismo, se concluyó que los hombres reportan mayor fuerza que las mujeres, y en general se presenta mayor fuerza en la mano dominante.
Retrieval-Pretrained Transformer: Long-range Language Modeling with Self-retrieval
Authors: Rubin Ohad , Berant Jonathan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Retrieval-augmented language models (LMs) have received much attention recently. However, typically the retriever is not trained jointly as a native component of the LM, but added post-hoc to an already-pretrained LM, which limits the ability of the LM and the retriever to adapt to one another. In this work, we propose the Retrieval-Pretrained Transformer (RPT), an architecture and training procedure for jointly training a retrieval-augmented LM from scratch and applying it to the task of modeling long texts. Given a recently generated text chunk in a long document, the LM computes query representations, which are then used to retrieve earlier chunks in the document, located potentially tens of thousands of tokens before. Information from retrieved chunks is fused into the LM representations to predict the next target chunk. We train the retriever component with a semantic objective, where the goal is to retrieve chunks that increase the probability of the next chunk, according to a reference LM. We evaluate RPT on four long-range language modeling tasks, spanning books, code, and mathematical writing, and demonstrate that RPT improves retrieval quality and subsequently perplexity across the board compared to strong baselines.