bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic and Fiscal Impacts of a Retirement/Recreation Community: A Study of Tellico Village, Tennessee
Authors: Siegel Paul B. , Leuthold Frank O. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRetirement/recreation communities (RRCs) have been promoted as a way for some rural regions to develop their economies. RRCs can have substantial economic impacts (changes in employment and income) and fiscal impacts (changes in local government revenues and costs) on rural communities. Because the magnitude and direction of these impacts are site-specific, assessments of RRCs as a rural development strategy should consider both the economic and fiscal impacts for a given region. This paper presents a case study of the economic and fiscal impacts of Tellico Village on Loudon County, Tennessee.
Societal Constraints on Agriculture: Discussion
Authors: Kuch Peter J. 
Published: July 2016

The three papers presented here made interesting reading, provided much food for thought, and gave evidence of a great deal of effort.The moderator asked us to pay special attention to how well each paper addresses “the struggle between environmental regulation and the policy of maintaining cheap food”. I will attempt to deal with this and to give my reaction to other related issues that come to mind.
Applications of Social Capital Theory
Authors: Allan Schmid A. , Robison Lindon J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExperiments and studies were conducted to investigate the role of social capital. Social capital (relationship to others) is a productive asset which is a substitute for and complement to other productive assets. The productivity of social capital leads to the expectation that firms and individuals invest in relationships. Data were collected to answer the following questions: Does the identity (relationship) of trading partners affect selling and buying prices; the acceptance of catastrophic risk; the choice of share or cash leases in agriculture; loan approval; and banks investment to retain customers? The evidence is in the afffirmative.
Distance Education Via Television: Some Reflections After Four Years
Authors: Kendrick Jim 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFour years of televising a university course for delivery to an audience of agricultural producers provides some reflections on the feasibility of combining traditional classroom instruction with in-depth extension educational programs. There are a sizable number of active agricultural producers who are eager to study academic topics in greater depth than could be obtained in traditional workshops or seminars. It seems possible to overcome many obstacles that earlier suggested distance education via television was not feasible from an administrative, budgetary or client acceptance point of view. The results seem worth the effort, with the providing institution benefiting from increased national recognition.
Effect of Proposed Grain Standards on Marketing Costs of the U.S. Sorghum Sector: An Interregional Transshipment-Plant Location Model
Authors: Ziari Houshmand A. , Fuller Stephen , Grant Warren , Sutaria Vinod 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent legislative initiatives call for studies to evaluate costs associated with cleaning U.S. grains to meet more stringent standards. This paper reports on a study which developed a mixed-integer programming model of the U.S. sorghum sector to (1) determine the least-cost geographic location for new cleaning investment at the country, terminal and port elevator stages of the marketing system and (2) measure additional system marketing costs associated with implementing the proposed standards. Results show the least-cost cleaning location to be at country and terminal elevators in excess supply regions. Implementing the proposed standard would increase system costs about 2 percent.
Non-Parametric and Semi-Parametric Techniques for Modeling and Simulating Correlated, Non-Normal Price and Yield Distributions: Applications to Risk Analysis in Kansas Agriculture
Authors: Featherstone Allen M. , Kastens Terry L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractParametric, non-parametric, and semi-parametric approaches are commonly used for modeling correlated distributions. Semi-parametric and non-parametric approaches are used to examine the risk situation for Kansas agriculture. Results from the model indicate that 2000 will be another difficult year for Kansas farmers, although crop income will increase slightly from 1999. However, unless another supplemental infusion of government payments occurs, crop income is expected to be the lowest since 1992.
Panel Stratification in Meta-Analysis of Economic Studies: An Investigation of Its Effects in the Recreation Valuation Literature
Authors: Rosenberger Randall S. , Loomis John B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractStatistical summarizations of literature review databases using meta-regression analysis provide insight into the differences in past estimates of economic variables such as benefits and price elasticities. The panel nature of the data is an issue that has not received adequate attention in past meta-analyses. This paper conceptually and empirically explores the complexity of stratifying data into panels that model the potential correlation and heterogeneity of past outdoor recreation benefit research. Although our tests of three stratifications of the data did not discern panel effects, the inherent complexity of the data maintains a strong presumption of heterogeneous strata.
Price Transmission, Threshold Behavior, and Asymmetric Adjustment in the U.S. Pork Sector
Authors: Goodwin Barry K. , Harper Daniel C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe US pork sector has experienced many significant structural changes in recent years. Such changes may have influenced price dynamics and transmission of shocks through marketing channels. We investigate linkages among farm, wholesale, and retail markets using weekly price data for the period covering 1987 through 1998. Our analysis uses a threshold cointegration model that permits asymmetric adjustment to positive and negative price shocks. Our results reveal important asymmetries. Our results are consistent with existing literature which has determined that price adjustment patterns are unidirectional and that information tends to flow from farm, to wholesale, to retail markets.
Go Ahead, Count Your Chickens: Cross-Hedging Strategies in the Broiler Industry
Authors: Maynard Leigh J. , Dillon Carl R. , Carter Joy 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSome suppliers of broilers without giblets (WOG) offer customers a choice between paying Urner Barry's WOG quote or a formula price based on futures prices. From a buyer's perspective, the formula price examined in this study is second-degree stochastic dominant. The formula price allows the seller to set perfect cross-hedges of WOGs with corn and soymeal. Stochastic dominance and mean variance results suggested that the seller's dominant strategy would shift from the Urner Barry quote to the hedged formula price as risk aversion increased. Input-based formula pricing may be usefully extended to other industries.
Investigating the “Complementarity Hypothesis” in Greek Agriculture: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Katrakilidis Constantinos P. , Tabakis Nikolaos M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study investigates determinants of private capital formation in Greek agriculture and tests the “complementarity” against the “crowding out” hypothesis using multivariate cointegration techniques and ECVAR modeling in conjunction with variance decomposition and impulse response analysis. The results provide evidence of a significant positive causal effect of government spending on private capital formation, thus supporting the “complementarity” hypothesis for Greek agriculture.
Risk Preferences and Contracting In the U.S. Hog Industry
Authors: Scott Johnson C. , Foster Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMuch of the increase use of vertical coordination in the U.S. swine industry has taken place through contract production. While the incidence of contracting is much higher in non-traditional hog production areas, a growing number of Midwestern producers are being faced with contract options. A variety of contractual arrangements are available through feed companies, integrators, genetics firms, and packers. However, little is known about the profitability and risk characteristics of these alternatives. This research suggests that risk neutral producers in the Midwest would prefer independent production, and risk averse producers would prefer to choose among the various types of coordination arrangements.
The Effects of Holding Nonfarm Related Financial Assets On Risk-Adjusted Farm Income
Authors: Betubiza Eustacius N. , Leatham David J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA discrete stochastic programming model is formulated to study the gains from diversification when farming operations are augmented with off-farm financial assets that are not highly correlated with returns from farming. We extend past research by considering the dynamics of accumulating these financial assets and the farm's leverage and tenure position. Results show that farmers' income level and stability can be improved by including nonfarm financial assets in their portfolios.
A Uniform Substitute Demand Model with Varying Coefficients
Authors: Brown Mark G. , Lee Jong-Yinq 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study extends Batten's synthetic demand modeling approach to increase the flexibility of the uniform substitute specification of the Rotterdam demand system. Marginal propensities to consume (MPC) vary with budget shares and Slutsky coefficients are defined in terms of varying MPCs. An application of the model to orange-juice products shows that the pattern of income and price elasticities over time is much different than when MPCs are restricted to be constant.
Factors Affecting Adoption of Improved Maize Seeds and Use of Inorganic Fertilizer for Maize Production in the Intermediate and Lowland Zones of Tanzania
Authors: Kaliba Aloyce R.M. , Verkuijl Hugo , Mwangi Wilfred 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper examines factors influencing the adoption of improved maize seeds and the use of inorganic fertilizer for maize production by farmers in the intermediate and lowland zones of Tanzania. The results indicate that availability of extension services, on-farm field trials, variety characteristics and rainfall were the most important factors that influenced the extent of adopting improved maize seeds and the use of inorganic fertilizer for maize production. Farmers preferred those varieties which minimize field loss rather than maximizing yields. Future research and extension policies should emphasize farmer participation in the research process and on-farm field trials for varietal evaluation and demonstration purposes.
Revenue Insurance for Georgia and South Carolina Peaches
Authors: Miller Stephen E. , Kahl Kandice H. , Rathwell P. James 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe estimate actuarially fair premium rates for yield and revenue insurance for Georgia and South Carolina peaches. The premium rates for both products decrease at a decreasing rate as the mean farm-level yield increases. In general, the premium rate for revenue insurance exceeds the premium rate for yield insurance for a given coverage level and expected yield. Although the revenue and yield insurance rates differ in a statistical sense, they do not appear to differ in an economic sense except at high coverage levels for growers with very high yields.
Evaluating the Returns to Variable Rate Nitrogen Application
Authors: Roberts Roland K. , English Burton C. , Mahajanashetti S.B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPotential benefits of variable rate nitrogen application are illustrated and information needs identified. Lower costs of precision farming services, higher crop prices, and greater divergence in yield response potentials across management zones reduce the spatial variability required for profitable variable rate application. Information needs include identification and measurement of management zones within a field and estimation of management zone yield response functions, crop and input prices, and the cost of precision farming services.
Valuation of Intangible Capital in Agriculture
Authors: White Fred C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study examines the valuation of research as intangible capital in agriculture using Tobin's q theory. The market value of public research capital is estimated to be 8.6 times higher than conventional assets. Private research capital is valued 5.2 times higher than conventional assets. The estimated valuation multiplier for all farm assets dropped 1/3 over the last decade. In recent years the valuation multiplier has dropped below a dollar, which indicates the market is undervaluing farm assets.
Alternative Fluid Milk Procurement Systems For Florida Dairy Farmers
Authors: Nubern Christopher A. , Kilmer Richard L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article evaluates the effects of alternative fluid milk procurement strategies on the aggregate net revenue of Florida cooperative members. They are (1) supplemental milk obtained from import sources, (2) supplemental milk obtained from a supply plant, (3) increased supply as a result of an expanded production area, and (4) supplemental milk obtained through pooling arrangements with regional dairy cooperatives. The final ranking of a scenario appears to be dependent primarily on the total cost of exports within the model. The optimum procurement strategy for Florida cooperatives should concentrate on reducing the quantity of surplus milk.
The Influence of the Local Economy and the Willingness to Move on Human Capital Accumulation in Central Appalachia
Authors: Broomhall David 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study uses logit analysis to examine the influence of the perception of local economic opportunities and the willingness to move on the educational aspirations of rural high-school-aged youths. Those youths who are more willing to move have a greater career opportunity set and a strong incentive to achieve in school, since education allows them to compete for jobs elsewhere. A low willingness to move, coupled with a low perception of local job opportunities, translates into a low expected return to education, which reduces the incentive to achieve in school.
Rational Expectations Estimation of Georgia Soybean Acreage Response
Authors: Ahouissoussi Nicolas B. C. , McIntosh Christopher S. , Wetzstein Michael E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe general method of moments procedure is used for estimating a soybean acreage response function assuming that producers hold rational expectations. Results indicate that soybean, corn, and wheat futures prices, lagged acreage, and government programs are significant factors for determining soybean plantings. Implications of the results are that crop acreage selection by Georgia producers is not very responsive to demand shocks. Thus, producers in other regions are more likely to absorb impacts from these shocks on crop acreage selection.
Diversity of Sources for Fresh Produce: Implications for Local Markets
Authors: Lohr Luanne , Hanson Steven D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNumber of suppliers, approximation of equal-shares market condition and market share held by in-state sources were calculated to determine diversity of sources for 10 fresh fruits and vegetables in eight U.S. wholesale markets. Specificity of growing conditions is associated with few supply sources, unequal market shares and limited purchases from in-state suppliers. For crops with few sources, lower perishability and greater transportability are correlated with greater balance in market shares. For crops with many supply sources, greater perishability and greater transportability are consistent with large market share from imports. Diversity across all commodities can increase market share for local producers.
Contingent Valuation in Food Policy Analysis: A Case Study of a Pesticide-Residue Risk Reduction
Authors: Buzby Jean C. , Ready Richard C. , Skees Jerry R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study demonstrates how contingent valuation techniques can be used in a cost-benefit analysis of a food safety policy issue. The analysis focuses on banning a specific postharvest pesticide used in fresh grapefruit packinghouses. Benefits of the ban are measured using consumers' aggregated willingness to pay (WTP) for safer grapefruit. A national contingent valuation survey used the payment card method to obtain WTP data. Costs of the ban stem predominantly from increased postharvest losses and were estimated using a model of the market for Florida grapefruit. Results indicate that benefits of the ban outweigh costs.
Effectiveness of Use-value Assessment in Preserving Farmland: A Search-theoretic Approach
Authors: Tavernier Edmund M. , Li Farong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSearch theory is used to present a theoretically defensible model to examine the effectiveness of use value assessment (UVA) in preserving farmland. The model is empirically tractable and supports the findings of past research. The analysis considers the impact of farm income, uncertainty, and the distribution of the offer price on the effectiveness of UVA in preserving farmland and shows, through the effect on the reservation price, that for a given distribution of the offer price, property-tax rate, and the difference between market-value and use-value of land, the preservation of agricultural land only takes place within a relevant range.
The Economic Value of Hiking: Further Considerations of Opportunity Cost of Time in Recreational Demand Models
Authors: Casey James F. , Vukina Tomislav , Danielson Leon E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe paper tests two alternative specifications for the opportunity cost of time in travel cost models. The standard travel cost survey design is enriched to include a contingent valuation type question about peoples' willingness to accept compensation to forgo a precisely defined recreational experience. It is hypothesized that individually revealed value of time more appropriately reflects the opportunity costs of time associated with a particular aspect of recreation than the wage rate which measures the trade-off between work and leisure generally. The results seem to indicate a better overall fit for the models with the elicited value of individual consumer's time than for the models with the more traditional hourly earnings (wage rates). The importance of the correct measurement of the opportunity cost time is illustrated by showing that estimated consumer surpluses based on two different value of time measurements differ significantly.
Marketing Strategies of Biotechnology Firms: Implications for U.S. Agriculture
Authors: Renkoski Matthew A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDuPont Quality Grains is focused on improving grain quality for end users, rather than on farm production traits. A major DuPont program is high oil corn. Feed corn has a huge market, and, because it requires no intermediate processing, any enhanced value is measurable by end users. Standard commodity markets do not function for capturing the value of enhanced grains, and so DuPont works with end users, elevators, farmers, and seed companies to create market channels. As biotechnology commercializes more value-enhancing traits targeted to specific agricultural customers, vertical value chains will become shorter and more coordinated while standard commodity markets will diminish.
Multivariate Analysis in Genetic Studies
Authors: Susanne Ch. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe results are presented of a method of generalized distances calculated by a noncentral χ2 test and applied to compare 63 twin pairs and 196 sib pairs. The advantage of this method in biometrical analysis lies in the fact that several measurements can be utilised simultaneously. Besides, it takes into account the distance of each relative to the centre of the population and also has the advantage of permitting the comparison of distances between pairs of relatives whatever their age or sex.Generalized distances were calculated for four measurements of the head, five of the body and eleven of the face. For all three sets of measurements the influence of genetical factors was demonstrated. The body seems less influenced by environmental factors and more conditioned by genetic ones.
Tongue Pigmentation in Man - Ethnic Studies and Further Pedigrees
Authors: Rao D.C. , Satyanarayana M. , Veerraju P. , Rao B.B. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA genetic study has been carried out on tongue pigmentation in man, based on 10 pedigrees and 39 Indian populations. It is concluded in favour of a genetic basis of the trait, which would be inherited as an autosomal recessive.
Twin Studies in Genetics
Authors: Gedda Luigi 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAlmost one century after Galton's first scientific formulation of the Twin Method, based on the comparison of MZ and DZ twin series, not only twin studies play a fundamental role and the Interzygotic Test is widely applied in human and especially medical genetic research, but new methods have also been worked out, such as the Azygotic Test and the Twin Clinical Method.Moreover, the study of twins has more recently led to new insights into the study of biological times, with the development of the modern branch of Chronogenetics.
Cancer Frequency Variations Among and Within Families
Authors: Lynch Henry T. , Krush Anne J. , Kaplan Arnold R. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryComprehension of etiologic factors in cancer requires precise recording of tumor histology, genealogy, medical history, and potential environmental carcinogens. With this approach and in a prospective and retrospective survey, two cancer-prone and two cancer-resistant families are described. Genetic factors, in cancer predisposition and in cancer resistance are hypothesized.
Evidentiation of the Male Chromatin Body in Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes — A Quick Method for the Identification of Genetic Sex
Authors: Moscetti G. , Alù C. , Rocchi G. , Barbarossa C.G. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA survey has been carried out (using Quinacrine stain) on the frequency and position of an intensely fluorescent body (F-body) in the nuclei of leukocytes from peripheral blood smears in normal individuals and in the main syndromes from numerical alteration of sexual chromosomes.
Time Factor in Cytogenetics and Neoplasia
Authors: Bartalos Mihály 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn the complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors, time represents a coordinate. Thus, it is only logical to consider biological phenomena and features in the three dimensions of space and in the dimension of time. Gedda and coworkers devoted much attention to the genetic aspects of various chronobiological events in man, and performed an extensive series of experiments to probe the many ramifications of gene-related timing phenomena.Time factors in cytogenetics and neoplasia are discussed by considering chronobiological events as manifestations of interconnecting oscillatory phenomena in living systems. These phenomena, in turn, are regarded as the products of negative feedback control processes.Subjects under discussion include satellite association, nondisjunction, C-mitotic duplication, endomitosis, endoreduplication, and delayed fertilization. The different theories of carcinogenesis are briefly reviewed and the time factor, as it applies to postulated mutational changes in neoplasia, is discussed.
Group-Specific Component and Haptoglobin Polymorphism in Poland A Resurvey
Authors: Schlesinger D. , Shrivastava P. K. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA survey of Gc and Hp polymorphism in Poland, designed to check results of earlier studies, gives the frequencies of Gcl and Hpl genes as 0.73 and 0.37 respectively.