bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QoE‐based pseudo heartbeat message compression mechanism for future wireless network
Authors: Hu Zhiqun , Lu Zhaoming , Wen Xiangming , Jing Wenpeng 
Published: February 2016

SummaryWireless multimedia services are increasingly becoming popular, which boosts the need for better quality‐of‐experience (QoE). However, there are many aspects leading to the degradation of real‐time video QoE, especially, a large number of always‐on‐line (AOL) applications existing in future wireless networks transmit heartbeat message periodically to keep always‐on, and hence induce heavy signaling costs and overload wireless networks. In this paper, we propose QoE‐based pseudo heartbeat message compression mechanism to reduce the number of signaling loads in the radio access network by intercepting the heartbeat message at a certain frequency in the proxy client. To maintain the protocol feature of the AOL applications, the heartbeat messages are reconstructed by the proxy server and sent to the application server. Furthermore, to analyze the influence of this mechanism on the video user, a new QoE perception model is proposed. Finally, combined the QoE perception model for video services with AOL services, the utility function for joint optimization multi‐services is developed to determine the optimum compression frequency. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism greatly alleviates the signaling load and leads to a significant performance improvement on the QoE of video users, while a slight decrease in the QoE of AOL users. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking disturbance and resistance to invasion via changes in biodiversity: a conceptual model and an experimental test on rocky reefs
Authors: Bulleri Fabio , Benedetti‐Cecchi Lisandro , Jaklin Andrej , Iveša Ljiljana 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBiological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide. Nonetheless, a unified theory linking disturbance and resistance to invasion through a mechanistic understanding of the changes caused to biodiversity is elusive. Building on different forms of the disturbance‐biodiversity relationship and on the Biotic Resistance Hypothesis (BRH), we constructed conceptual models showing that, according to the main biodiversity mechanism generating invasion resistance (complementary vs. identity effects), disturbance can either promote or hinder invasion. Following the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH), moderate levels of disturbance (either frequency or intensity) are expected to enhance species richness. This will promote invasion resistance when complementarity is more important than species identity. Negative effects of severe disturbance on invasion resistance, due to reductions in species richness, can be either overcompensated or exacerbated by species identity effects, depending on the life‐traits becoming dominant within the native species pool. Different invasion resistance scenarios are generated when the diversity‐disturbance relationship is negative or positive monotonic. Predictions from these models were experimentally tested on rocky reefs. Macroalgal canopies differing in species richness (1 vs. 2 vs. 3) and identity, were exposed to either a moderate or a severe pulse disturbance. The effects of different canopy‐forming species on the seaweed,Caulerpa cylindracea, varied from positive (Cystoseira crinita) to neutral (Cystoseira barbata) to negative (Cystoseira compressa). After 2 years, severely disturbed plots were monopolized byC. compressaand supported lessC. cylindracea. Our study shows that the effects of disturbance on invasion depend upon its intensity, the main mechanism through which biodiversity generates invasion resistance and the life‐traits selected within the native species pool. Disturbance can sustain invasion resistance when promoting the dominance of competitively subordinate species possessing traits that allow outperforming invaders.
Effective Preparation of a Variety of Ruthenium and Osmium Cyanides: Valuable Precursors for Molecular Nanomagnets
Authors: Samsonenko Denis G. , Vostrikova Kira E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA new and effective synthetic route for the high‐yielding preparation of hexacyanometalates(III) (M = Ru, Os), which are valuable precursors of single‐molecule and single‐chain magnets, was investigated. A preparation procedure consisting in the heterogeneous oxidation of diamagnetic progenitors, K4[M(CN)6], increased the yield of the final product and permitted the number of complexes soluble in organic media to be substantially expanded owing to easier variation of the counterion. This synthetic approach was tested to obtain crystalline (cation)3[M(CN)6]·solvent products with organic cations such as n‐tetrabutylammonium (nBu4N+), tetraethylammonium (Et4N+), bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium (PPN+), and tetraphenylphosphonium (Ph4P+). We also present the crystal and molecular structures of the two hexacyanometalates of Ru and Os, (Ph4P)3[M(CN)6]·solvent, by incorporating different solvate molecules, for which it was shown that the geometry of the metal coordination sphere is sensitive to both the bulkiness of the counterion and the nature of the solvate molecules. In the ruthenium compound, (Ph4P)3[Ru(CN)6]·2(iPrOH), some of CN groups are hydrogen bonded to 2‐propanol, whereas in the osmium complex, (Ph4P)3[Os(CN)6]·3CH2Cl2·2H2O, the CN groups are bonded to water.
Platinum(II)‐Mediated Double Coupling of 2,3‐Diphenylmaleimidine with Nitrile Functionalities To Give Annulated Pentaazanonatetraenate (PANT) Systems
Authors: Ivanov Daniil M. , Gushchin Pavel V. , Novikov Alexander S. , Avdontceva Margarita S. , Zolotarev Andrey A. , Starova Galina L. , Chen Yi‐Ting , Liu Shih‐Hung , Chou Pi‐Tai , Kukushkin Vadim Yu. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTreatment of trans‐[PtCl2(NCR)2] [R = Et 1, nPr 2, tBu 3, CH2Ph 4, Ph 5, p‐CF3C6H4 6, NMe2 7, NEt2 8, N(CH2)5 9] with 2.5 equiv. of 2,3‐diphenylmaleimidine in CH2Cl2 at room temperature for 5 min [for R = p‐CF3C6H4 6, NMe2 7, NEt2 8, N(CH2)5 9] or 14 h (for R = Et 1, nPr 2, tBu 3, CH2Ph 4, Ph 5) furnishes (1,3,5,7,9‐pentaazanona‐1,3,6,8‐tetraenato)platinum(II) [(PANT)PtII; PtCl{HN=C(R)N=CN[C(Ph)=C(Ph)]C=NC(R)=NH}] complexes 10–18. These species are formed by platinum(II)‐mediated double coupling of 2,3‐diphenylmaleimidine with both nitrile ligands. The formulation of the complexes was supported by satisfactory C, H, and N elemental analyses, which were in agreement with HRESI‐MS, IR, and 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectra. The structures of 10, 11·1/8nC6H14, 15, 16·CCl4, and 17·CHCl3 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Absorption and emission studies were performed on representative complexes 10, 15, and 18, and the results show weak phosphorescence maxima at around 730–750 and 770–820 nm in CH2Cl2 and in the solid state, respectively. Further insight into the photophysical properties was gained by time‐dependent density functional theory (TD–DFT) with detailed analysis of the corresponding frontier molecular orbitals for the lower‐lying transition. The calculated energies of the T1 state (in terms of wavelength) are 715.8 nm for 10, 764.6 nm for 15, and 697.7 nm for 18, and these values are in good agreement with the trend of the first vibronic peaks of their phosphorescence spectra.
Integration of Commercial Screen‐printed Electrodes into a Voltammetric Electronic Tongue for the Analysis of Aminothiols
Authors: Pedroza Ricardo H. P. , Serrano Núria , Díaz‐Cruz José Manuel , Ariño Cristina , Esteban Miquel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA voltammetric sensor array (or electronic tongue) is developed for the simultaneous quantification of cysteine, glutathione and homocysteine without need of previous separation. It is based on the integration of three commercial screen‐printed electrodes (gold curated at high and low temperature and carbon modified with carbon nanotubes). Linear sweep voltammograms measured simultaneously by all three sensors are processed by Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression and different variables selection algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm and interval‐Partial Least Squares. The method was applied to synthetic mixtures and successfully validated, with correlation coefficients of prediction (Rp2) of 0.9542, 0.9429 and 0.9589 for cysteine, glutathione, and homocysteine respectively.
Implications of Exceptional Material Kinetics on Thermochemical Fuel Production Rates
Authors: Davenport Timothy C. , Yang Chih‐Kai , Kucharczyk Christopher J. , Ignatowich Michael J. , Haile Sossina M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractProduction of chemical fuels by solar‐driven thermochemical cycling has recently generated significant interest for its potential as a highly efficient method of storing solar energy. Of particular interest is the thermochemical process using non‐stoichiometric oxides, such as ceria. In this process a reactive oxide is cyclically exposed to an inert gas, typically at 1500 °C to induce the partial reduction of the oxide, and then exposed to an oxidizing gas of either H2O or CO2 at a temperature between 800–1500 °C to oxidize the oxide and release H2 or CO. Conventional wisdom has held that material kinetics limit the fuel production rates. Herein we demonstrate that, instead, at 1500 °C the rates of both reduction and oxidation of ceria, and hence also the global fuel production rate, are limited only by thermodynamic considerations for any reasonable set of operating conditions. Thus, in terms of materials design, significant room exists for sacrificing material kinetics in favor of thermodynamic characteristics.
Influence of soil properties on active layer thermal propagation along the western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Wilhelm Kelly , Bockheim James 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe rate of energy transfer through soils is an important factor governing the active layer (seasonal thaw layer) in polar regions. Energy is transferred through conductive and convective means, which are primarily influenced by the bulk density and water content of soils. With global temperatures changing, it becomes important to understand how soil properties influence heat transfer and active layer depths in climatically sensitive regions, such as the Antarctic Peninsula. In this study we analyzed conductive energy transfer through several soil types on Amsler Island and Cierva Point in the central region of the western Antarctic Peninsula. Active layer temperatures on Amsler Island were monitored every three hours using iButton thermistors installed at regular depth intervals down to 2 m. Soil textures were loamy to sandy with water contents between 5 and 27%. Freezing and thawing transmission rates for all soils ranged from 1.4 to 6.9 cm/day. Thermal transmission rates were fastest in sandy soils with low water contents, indicating that the large, interconnected pores of the sandy soils facilitated the quick movement of heat with water flow through the soil profile. Snow accumulation differences also played a significant role on winter thermal propagation by providing a thermal barrier between the ground surface and atmosphere. Although there was a wide range in thermal transmission among the soils, active layer depths had little variation (7.8–9.7 m). This consistency derives from the greater dependence of very thick active layers on long‐term climatic conditions rather than on soil properties. The presence of thick moss significantly slowed thermal transmission and decreased active layer thicknesses. These effects primarily are due to the high heat capacity of water and air retained within the moss, slowing thermal transmission rates, acting as a thermal buffer between atmospheric conditions and the underlying soils. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining multiple anatomical MRI measures improves Alzheimer's disease classification
Authors: de Vos Frank , Schouten Tijn M. , Hafkemeijer Anne , Dopper Elise G. P. , van Swieten John C. , de Rooij Mark , van der Grond Jeroen , Rombouts Serge A. R. B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSeveral anatomical MRI markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been identified. Hippocampal volume, cortical thickness, and grey matter density have been used successfully to discriminate AD patients from controls. These anatomical MRI measures have so far mainly been used separately. The full potential of anatomical MRI scans for AD diagnosis might thus not yet have been used optimally. In this study, we therefore combined multiple anatomical MRI measures to improve diagnostic classification of AD. For 21 clinically diagnosed AD patients and 21 cognitively normal controls, we calculated (i) cortical thickness, (ii) cortical area, (iii) cortical curvature, (iv) grey matter density, (v) subcortical volumes, and (vi) hippocampal shape. These six measures were used separately and combined as predictors in an elastic net logistic regression. We made receiver operating curve plots and calculated the area under the curve (AUC) to determine classification performance. AUC values for the single measures ranged from 0.67 (cortical thickness) to 0.94 (grey matter density). The combination of all six measures resulted in an AUC of 0.98. Our results demonstrate that the different anatomical MRI measures contain complementary information. A combination of these measures may therefore improve accuracy of AD diagnosis in clinical practice.Hum Brain Mapp 37:1920–1929, 2016. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential cytotoxicity of copper ferrite nanoparticles in different human cells
Authors: Ahmad Javed , Alhadlaq Hisham A. , Alshamsan Aws , Siddiqui Maqsood A. , Saquib Quaiser , Khan Shams T. , Wahab Rizwan , Al‐Khedhairy Abdulaziz A. , Musarrat Javed , Akhtar Mohd Javed , Ahamed Maqusood 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCopper ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to be applied in biomedical fields such as cell labeling and hyperthermia. However, there is a lack of information concerning the toxicity of copper ferrite NPs. We explored the cytotoxic potential of copper ferrite NPs in human lung (A549) and liver (HepG2) cells. Copper ferrite NPs were crystalline and almost spherically shaped with an average diameter of 35 nm. Copper ferrite NPs induced dose‐dependent cytotoxicity in both types of cells, evident by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazoliumbromide and neutral red uptake assays. However, we observed a quite different susceptibility in the two kinds of cells regarding toxicity of copper ferrite NPs. Particularly, A549 cells showed higher susceptibility against copper ferrite NP exposure than those of HepG2 cells. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential due to copper ferrite NP exposure was observed. The mRNA level as well as activity of caspase‐3 enzyme was higher in cells exposed to copper ferrite NPs. Cellular redox status was disturbed as indicated by induction of reactive oxygen species (oxidant) generation and depletion of the glutathione (antioxidant) level. Moreover, cytotoxicity induced by copper ferrite NPs was efficiently prevented by N‐acetylcysteine treatment, which suggests that reactive oxygen species generation might be one of the possible mechanisms of cytotoxicity caused by copper ferrite NPs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the cytotoxic potential of copper ferrite NPs in human cells. This study warrants further investigation to explore the mechanisms of differential toxicity of copper ferrite NPs in different types of cells. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MRI In rectal cancer: Correlations between MRI features and molecular markers Ki‐67, HIF‐1α, and VEGF
Authors: Meng Xiangjiao , Li Huijuan , Kong Lingling , Zhao Xianguang , Huang Zhaoqin , Zhao Hanxi , Zhu Wanqi , Li Xiaolin , Yu Jinming , Xing Ligang 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo investigate whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values acquired from diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI) are correlated with molecular markers Ki‐67, hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rectal cancer (RC).Materials and MethodsNinety‐one patients (64 males and 27 females) diagnosed with rectal cancer underwent 3.0T DW‐MRI before any anticancer treatment. DW‐MRI was performed using the single‐shot echo‐planar imaging technique (b = 0 and b = 800 s/mm2). The patients underwent surgery within 1 week after MRI. Ki‐67, HIF‐1α, and VEGF expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry at both the resected margins and the center of the tumor.ResultsWe noted that ADC values correlated positively with histology differentiations (r = 0.336, P = 0.001) and negatively with carcinoembryonic antigen level (r = −0.217, P = 0.039) in RC. Both the value and the level of Ki‐67 expression were correlated inversely with the ADC values (r = −0.475, P < 0.001 and r = −0.555, P < 0.001). There was a weak negative correlation between HIF‐1α expression and the ADC values (r = −0.304, P = 0.003). VEGF expression was correlated inversely with the ADC values of the RCs (r = −0.290, P = 0.005). However, no significant correlation was observed between VEGF expression and the ADC values in pT4 RCs (r = −0.166, P = 0.255).ConclusionOur results suggest that the ADC values on DW‐MRI may be used as a measurement of cell proliferation and hypoxia in RC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:594–600.
Diffusion in prostate cancer detection on a 3T scanner: How many b‐values are needed?
Authors: de Perrot Thomas , Scheffler Max , Boto José , Delattre Bénédicte M. A. , Combescure Christophe , Pusztaszeri Marc , Tille Jean‐Christophe , Iselin Christophe , Vallée Jean‐Paul 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo assess the influence of perfusion on apparent coefficient diffusion (ADC) maps, the contribution of b‐value images, and the number of b‐values needed in prostate cancer detection by diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).Materials and MethodsPatients scheduled for prostatectomy were scanned by 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with DWI based on b‐values 0‐500‐1000‐1500 s/mm2. A monoexponential model was fitted to obtain ADC using multiple b‐values, with or without b0 (perfusion‐sensitive ADC4b‐b0‐500‐1000‐1500, perfusion‐insensitive ADC3b‐b500‐1000‐1500), or two b‐values (ADC2b‐b0‐500, ADC2b‐b0‐1000, ADC2b‐b0‐1500). Prostate and cancer foci were segmented to label voxels as normal or tumoral, according to histology. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were calculated for each ADC and b‐value, then for multivariate logistic regression models combining them. A threshold of 85 tumoral voxels (=0.5 cm3) was used to stratify AUC analysis.ResultsIn all, 21 patients were selected. Segmentation collected 143,665 prostatic voxels including 10,069 tumoral voxels. In five patients, tumor segmentation provided fewer than 85 voxels, resulting in an ADC with AUC inferior to 0.52. In 16 patients with larger tumors, perfusion‐sensitive ADC4b‐b0‐500‐1000‐1500 performed better than perfusion‐insensitive ADC3b‐b500‐1000‐1500 and similar to ADC2b‐b0‐1500 (AUC of 0.840, 0.809, and 0.838, respectively). In comparison to the ADC alone, models combining ADC4b‐b0‐500‐1000‐1500 or ADC2b‐b0‐1500 with b1500 improved performance, leading to similar AUCs of 0.884 and 0.883, respectively. In both models, ADC and b1500 were significant markers (P < 0.001).ConclusionIncluding b0 in ADC calculation provided superior ADC maps for prostate cancer detection. b1500 images as a combined parameter with ADC also improved performance. Using more than two b‐values showed no improvement. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:601–609.
Mammographic parenchymal patterns and breast cancer risk in New South Wales North Coast Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women
Authors: Pape Ruth , Spuur Kelly Maree , Currie Geoffrey , Greene Lacey 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of the study was to document the distribution of mammographic parenchymal patterns (MPP) of Indigenous Australian women attending BreastScreen New South Wales (NSW) North Coast, to profile breast cancer risk as it relates to breast density and to explore the correlation between MPP, breast size as described by the posterior nipple line (PNL) and age.MethodsEthics was granted from CQUniversity Human Research Ethics Committee, NSW Population Health Services Research Ethics Committee and the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council Ethics Committee. A quantitative retrospective analysis reviewed 502 screening mammograms against the Tabár I–V MPP classification system. The PNL was measured in millimetres (mm) and the age of the patient documented.ResultsA statistically significant variation in the distribution of MPP (P < 0.0001) was demonstrated, with patterns of I (23.9%), II (45.6%), III (10.4%), IV (15.9%) and V (4.2%). Statistically significant differences were noted in the age of subjects between patterns (P = 0.0002). Patterns I and V demonstrated statistically significant lower ages than II, III and IV (all P < 0.05). Pattern V demonstrated a statistically significant lower age than pattern I (P = 0.0393). Pattern V demonstrated a statistically significant lower PNL value than all other patterns (all P < 0.001/P < 0.0002); pattern II was statistically significantly higher in PNL value than all other patterns (P < 0.002/P < 0.001). No significant relationship was noted between PNL and age.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that no identifiable or unique distribution of MPP was noted in this snapshot of Indigenous women. A larger study of Indigenous Australian women is required for validation.
Inter‐hemispheric and inter‐zonal moisture transports and monsoon regimes
Authors: Wanzeler da Costa Claudia Priscila , Satyamurty Prakki 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe principal objectives here are to quantify the strengths of global monsoon circulations in terms of cross‐equatorial moisture transport and to verify its behaviour during two extreme years of precipitation over the Amazon Basin. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction / National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) Reanalysis data sets for the period 1950–2012 are used in this study and the results are compared with calculations from ERA‐Interim data. During the South Asian summer monsoon (JJA), the transport is 82.1 × 107 kg s−1 between 30° and 90°E from the Southern Hemisphere (SH) to the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and reverses to 41.4 × 107 kg s−1 from NH to SH in northern winter (DJF). Over South America between 30° and 90°W, the values are 31.4 × 107 kg s−1 in DJF from NH to SH and 21.5 × 107 kg s−1 in JJA from SH to NH. Although there is no wind reversal from summer to winter seasons over the South American monsoon region, the moisture transport across the equator reverses. The transports during a weak and a strong monsoon in the Amazon Basin are distinctly different suggesting that the cross‐equatorial moisture transport can be used as a Monsoon Intensity Index (MII). For the South American monsoon, the DJF index is 28.5 × 107 kg s−1 in the dry year 2004–2005 and 45.1 × 107 kg s−1 in the wet year 2011–2012 as against the climatological value of 31.4 × 107 kg s−1. There is an indication of an inverse relation between the MIIs over the Amazon Basin and the Australian sectors. The annual mean moisture transport across the equator is from SH to NH and is equivalent to three Amazon River discharges.