bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urine chloride trajectory and relationship with diuretic response in acute heart failure
Authors: Guzik Mateusz , Zymliński Robert , Ponikowski Piotr , Biegus Jan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsSodium excretion is a well‐defined marker used to assess diuretic response in acute heart failure (AHF). Despite a strong pathophysiological background, the role of urine chloride excretion has not been described and established yet. We aimed to evaluate chloride trajectory during intensive diuretic treatment in AHF patients and examine its potential role in predicting poor diuretic response.MethodsThe study was conducted on 50 AHF patients. Participants were included within the first 36 h of hospitalization. They received furosemide dose adjusted for body weight (half in bolus, half in 2 h infusion). Post‐diuretic hourly urine collection with biochemical analysis was performed.ResultsIn general, the concentrations of urine chloride (uCl−) and sodium (uNa+) at the baseline samples exhibited a comparable level (71 ± 39 vs. 70 ± 44 mmol/L, respectively; P = 0.99), but across all post‐furosemide study timepoints, uCl− remained significantly higher than uNa+ since 1 to 6 h of the study. In this course, both ions (uCl− and uNa+) reached peak values in 2 h (114 ± 28 vs. 97 ± 34 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.01). The pattern of uCl− dominance over uNa+ concentration was also observed in separate analyses of patients naïve to furosemide and those chronically exposed to furosemide. Regardless of these patterns, naïve to furosemide individuals excreted more ions (both uCl− and uNa+) than chronically exposed patients at all timepoints. Additionally, a strong, linear correlation between uCl− and uNa+ was observed in each post‐furosemide timepoint (the strongest in 1 h r = 0.87; P < 0.001). Both interdependent ions concentration was almost parallel when analysed in chronic furosemide users and those naïve to furosemide separately [uCl− = 0.85 * uNa+ + 28.82, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.83 for chronic furosemide users, and uCl− = 0.72 * uNa+ + 41.55, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.65 for naïves to furosemide (linear regression model)]. Moreover, uCl− (with cutoff point: 72 mmol/L) was a satisfactory predictive factor for poor diuretic response (<100 mL/h in 6 h since the beginning of furosemide infusion) [odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI): 39.0 (3.8–405.00)]. It presented those properties also after adjusting for urine creatinine [cutoff point: 0.296 mmol/mg—OR (95% CI): 81.0 (8.0–816.0)].ConclusionsUrine chloride and sodium are highly interrelated during decongestion of AHF patients. The uCl− (cutoff 72 mmol/L) exhibits better prognostic abilities to identify poor diuretic response than uNa+.
The global, regional, and national burden of myocarditis in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Li Le , Ding Ligang , Wu Lingmin , Hu Zhicheng , Liu Limin , Zhao Minghao , Zhang Tao , Zheng Lihui , Yao Yan 
Published: October 2024

AimsTo estimate the global burden of myocarditis in the general population from 1990 to 2021.Methods and resultsData on myocarditis were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Incidence, deaths, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), along with their age‐standardized rates (ASRs) per 100 000 population, were used to measure the burden of myocarditis. Global, regional, and national analyses were performed for the period between 1990 and 2021. Further sub‐analyses were conducted based on age group, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). In 2021, there were 1.3 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 1.1 to 1.6) incident cases, 31.7 thousand (95% UI: 25.5 to 37.1) deaths, and 96.3 thousand (95% UI: 79.6 to 114.8) DALY cases globally. The ASRs of incidence, death, and DALYs significantly decreased from 1990 to 2021, with percentage changes of −3.9% (95% UI: −4.7% to −2.9%), −28.2% (95% UI: −42.2% to −12.5%), and −37.8% (95% UI: −50.5% to −24.3%), respectively. The global burden of myocarditis was higher in males, children, and the elderly. Additionally, the burden of myocarditis varied widely across different SDI regions, with high SDI regions having the highest ASR of incidence, and high‐middle SDI regions having the highest ASRs of deaths and DALYs.ConclusionAlthough the ASRs of incidence, deaths, and DALYs significantly decreased from 1990 to 2021, the global number of incidences, deaths, and DALYs increased substantially. Certain populations, including males, children, the elderly, and regions with advanced sociodemographic levels, experienced a heavier burden of myocarditis.
Understanding the benefits and pitfalls of artificial intelligence
Authors: McCarthy Claudine 
Published: October 2024

About half of people who use artificial intelligence (AI) don’t want anyone else to know. That's because they’re worried about seeming replaceable in their jobs, especially if they work in academia. Or they’re concerned that AI use might not be permitted or that it qualifies as some form of cheating, according to Beth Ziesenis, owner of yournerdybestfriend.com.
A review of recent developments in the design of electrolytes and solid electrolyte interphase for lithium metal batteries
Authors: Kang Hyeonmuk , Kang Heechan , Lyu Mikyeong , Cho EunAe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLithium metal batteries offer a promising solution for high density energy storage due to their high theoretical capacity and negative electrochemical potential. However, implementing of these batteries faces challenges related to electrolyte instability and the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the lithium (Li) metal anode. The decomposition of liquid electrolytes leading to the creation of the SEI emphasizes the significance of the type of Li salt, solvent, and additives designed and used, as well as their interactions during the formation of the SEI. For practical applications, ensuring both the reversibility of the Li metal anode and electrolyte stability at high voltages is crucial. In this review, we explore recent advancements in addressing these challenges through new designs of electrolytes and SEI engineering practices. Specifically, we investigate the effects of electrolyte systems, including carbonate‐based and ether‐based solutions, along with modifications to these electrolyte systems aimed at achieving a more stable interface with the Li metal anode. Additionally, we discuss various artificial SEI structures based on organic and inorganic components. By critically examining recent research in these areas, this review provides valuable insights into current state‐of‐the‐art strategies for enhancing the performance and safety of Li metal batteries.image
Numerical investigation of dual‐source gas explosion dynamics in h‐type tunnels under varied enclosed situations
Authors: Wang Weijian , Ye Qing , Jia Zhenzhen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo further investigate the propagation characteristics of shock waves and flame waves in H‐type tunnel gas explosions, numerical simulation studies were conducted on a dual‐source gas explosion model using Fluent software. Three distinct operational conditions were designed and modeled, leading to the following outcomes. The shock wave flow field parameters from dual sources (with equal source energy) are symmetrically distributed in the H‐type tunnel, with high pressure and low flow velocity in the connecting roadway between the two shock waves. Under different conditions, the pressure is generally higher in closed tunnels (fully closed greater than semi‐closed) and lower in open tunnels. The largest overpressure in non‐explosion areas occurs at the closed ends and in the connecting roadway, while the areas bearing the greatest impulse are the shock wave reflection zones and pressure coupling regions. In closed conditions, the flame wave first moves forward and then propagates backward after the explosion, influenced by reflected waves and pressure differences between the ends and the tunnel. In open conditions, the pressure in the flame zone is lower than at both ends, inhibiting the forward propagation of the flame wave.
Design and Analysis of Sierpinski Fractal Antennas for Millimeter‐Wave 5G and Ground‐Based Radio Navigation Applications
Authors: Raj Arun , Mandal Durbadal 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe paper describes compact fractal antennae combined with ground defected structures (DGS) and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) techniques for enhancing resonate and multiband behavior concerning bandwidth, gain, and radiation in the desired mm‐wave region. Based on the proposed antennae, multiple good notches over wide bands depict a good radiation pattern. The antennae's ultra wide bandwidths (UWB) are 16, 16, and 11.4 GHz concerning resonant frequencies 26.34, 30.35, 34.5, 36.65 GHz; 25.8, 32.2, 35.3 GHz; 30.22, 37.68 GHz, of concerning antennae ant 1 (FA1), 4 (FA2), and 6 (FA3), respectively. The proposed antenna (FA3) with the SIW technique has a peak gain of 5.9 dBi and a peak front‐to‐back ratio of 20 dB, respectively. The proposed antennas are targeted to cover the practical contribution aspect, including advanced 5G bands support (24–40 GHz), broadband spectrum, frequency agility, low 3 dB beamwidth, interference reduction, and medical application suitability, respectively. The proposed antennae also cover the desired mm wave 5G region with different resonating notches over ultra‐wide bandwidth, such as n257, n258, n259, n260, and n261, and ground‐based radio navigation applications. Results are validated with vector network analyzer, spectrum analyzer, and power sensor in the presence of absorber, respectively.
Synergistic amelioration of obesity in high‐fat diet–fed mice by Bifidobacterium longum and green banana powder through targeting multiple pathways
Authors: Lu Yi‐Yao , Jia Zhi , Zhang Meng‐Yue , Cheng Juan , Yu Ze‐Xu , Li Ye , Zhang Yi‐Xuan , Wu Xin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLong‐term consumption of high‐fat diet (HFD) is a major significant risk factor for various diseases, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Recently, there has been a focus on effective dietary methods to improve lipid absorption and accumulation in the body. Simultaneously, exploring non‐pharmacological interventions to counteract the adverse consequences of obesity is crucial. Probiotics and prebiotics emerge as promising alternatives in this context, with their combined utilization yielding substantial effects surpassing those achieved by individual application alone. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of Bifidobacterium longum (BL) SYP‐B4138 and green banana powder (GBP) on HFD‐induced obesity while exploring their underlying mechanisms. The findings demonstrated that the combined intervention exhibited significantly greater efficacy than BL or GBP alone, including in mitigating weight gain and organ weight among obese mice, while also improving lipid profile, glucose tolerance, and inflammation levels. Furthermore, it effectively reduced liver fat accumulation. The mechanism study revealed that the combined intervention increased the expression of gene‐related lipid metabolism, such as Pparα, Cpt1a, Fxr, Cyp7a1, and Bsep, while decreasing expression of the regulatory genes involved in fat synthesis, Acc1, Srebpf1, and Pparγ. The correlation analysis of gut microbes and metabolites suggests that the combined effect of BL and GBP can reverse the intestinal microecological imbalance, leading to changes in bile acids, glycerophospholipids, and other related metabolites. Overall, this study demonstrates that BL combined with GBP can effectively alleviate dietary obesity, highlighting its potential as a non‐pharmacological intervention for weight reduction.
Addressing abdominal trauma from conflict and warfare in under‐resourced regions: A critical narrative review
Authors: Awuah Wireko Andrew , Tan Joecelyn Kirani , Shah Muhammad Hamza , Ahluwalia Arjun , Roy Sakshi , Ali Syed Hasham , Ferreira Tomas , Bharadwaj Hareesha Rishab , Adebusoye Favour Tope , Aderinto Nicholas , Mazzoleni Adele , Abdul‐Rahman Toufik , Ovechkin Denys 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of abdominal injuries in war and conflict zones, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), presents a significant healthcare challenge. These injuries, often resulting from explosive devices, firearms, and shrapnel, lead to high morbidity and mortality rates due to delayed diagnoses, inadequate medical infrastructure, and limited access to specialised care. This review aims to summarise the literature on conflict‐related abdominal injuries in LMICs, highlighting the impact of such trauma on healthcare systems and patient outcomes, and suggesting strategies for improvement.MethodsA comprehensive narrative review was conducted, focusing on studies from contemporary and historical conflict‐ridden nations. Databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched using specific keywords. Inclusion criteria encompassed various study designs and both paediatric and adult populations, with studies providing raw data prioritised. Exclusions included non‐English articles, non‐peer‐reviewed studies, and those not reporting outcomes or involving high‐income countries.ResultsThe review identified significant challenges in managing war‐related abdominal trauma in LMICs, including a shortage of healthcare personnel and infrastructure, socio‐political barriers, and research gaps. Clinical implications of such injuries include elevated mortality rates, with surgical and nonsurgical management outcomes varying significantly. Positive advancements in diagnostics and surgical techniques have improved survival rates, yet the need for further infrastructural and workforce enhancements remains critical.ConclusionAbdominal trauma in conflict‐affected LMICs necessitates focused efforts to improve healthcare delivery, including targeted funding for infrastructure and equipment, development of training programs for trauma specialists, and increased humanitarian aid. Bridging research gaps and fostering collaborative efforts are essential for advancing the management of abdominal trauma and enhancing patient outcomes in these challenging environments.
Ultrasound‐ Versus Landmark‐Guided Corticosteroid Injections in Patients With Shoulder Pain: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Hu Mingwei , Wei Jitong , Su Chunyang , Guo Cuicui , Xiang Shuai , Xu Hao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis meta‐analysis evaluated the effects of ultrasound‐guided (USG) and landmark‐guided (LMG) injections of corticosteroids into the shoulder joint cavity of patients with shoulder pain. The PubMed database was searched for articles (January 1, 2004–December 31, 2023) comparing USG and LMG injections of corticosteroids for the treatment of adult shoulder pain. Two authors independently performed data extraction and appraisal. The outcome measures collected were visual analogue scale (VAS) score and VAS score change at 1 and 6 weeks postinjection and range of motion (ROM) at 6 weeks postinjection. Thirteen studies including 656 patients were reviewed (USG and LMG groups, 328 patients each). The VAS score at 1 week postinjection and the ROM in abduction at 6 weeks postinjection were statistically different, but there were no statistically significant differences in other outcomes. This meta‐analysis indicated that USG corticosteroid injection may have a better effect than LMG corticosteroid injection for early‐stage shoulder pain and abduction in the mid‐ to long‐term, but does not affect later shoulder pain or other ROMs.
Avoidance of hot air blast in Rattus norvegicus
Authors: Condurú Melo Elisama Almeida , Fonseca‐Júnior Amilcar Rodrigues , de Carvalho‐Neto Marcus Bentes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe hegemonic use of electric shock as an aversive stimulus limits what is known about the generality of avoidance behavior and related phenomena. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using the hot air blast (HAB) instead of electric shock as an aversive stimulus in avoidance conditioning. Four male Wistar rats were exposed to a discrete‐trial procedure. In the first phase, the emission of a lever‐press response during a trial was positively reinforced. In the second phase, the same contingency was employed, but an escapable HAB was presented at the end of a trial when no response was emitted. In the third phase, positive reinforcement was suspended and a discrete‐trial avoidance procedure was employed. In the fourth phase, HAB presentation was completely suspended. As a result, all subjects learned the avoidance response and showed a marked reduction in its frequency during HAB suspension. These results offer evidence indicating that avoidance behavior is controlled by the HAB, thereby advancing the understanding of the generality of this stimulus as being aversive.
Functional Morphology of the Tongue and Laryngeal Entrance and Scanning Electron Microscopic Pattern of the Filter Feeding Apparatus of Anas crecca
Authors: Alruhaimi Reem S. , Abumandour Mohamed M. A. , Kassab Mohammed , Elnegiry Ahmed , Farrag Foad , Massoud Diaa , Mahmoud Ayman M. , AL‐Osaimi Bandar H. , Hamoda Hazem 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThere is insufficient information about the migratory Eurasian teal, Anas crecca. The study provides the first anatomical description of lingual adaptations and their relationship with the species‐specific feeding behavior of A. crecca collected near Egyptian Lake Nasser. Our investigation was applied with the help of gross, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and morphometric analysis. The study focused on the feeding filtering apparatus that depends on eight lingual papillae. The spatula‐shaped nail is adapted for food particle pecking, while the lingual combs, rostral border of the prominence, unique papillary crest, median groove, and papillary system aid in intra‐oral transportation. The feeding apparatus is formed by the lateral and dorsal papillary systems. The lateral papillary system had conical papillae with numerous long filiform and hair‐like filiform papillae to constitute the food filtration apparatus, while the dorsal papillary system had ridged‐like and rod‐like papillae in addition to the small papillae of the papillary crest and spinated border of the root to help in moving the food particles with water to the lateral sides of the prominence. The laryngeal region exhibited papillary (pre‐glottic) and non‐papillary (glottic) areas. The papillary area had two lateral papillary portions and a median smooth portion, while the non‐papillary area had an ovoid laryngeal mound with a median glottic opening that was bordered by a papillary border. The papillary portion had three slightly oblique longitudinal papillary rows.
Investigating the Mechanisms Impacting Soil Ca, Mg, and Na in Wastewater Land Application Systems Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Duan Runbin , Gao Jiangqi , Sun Yao , Zhu Bingzi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWastewater land application is a widely accepted solution for addressing global water crisis, particularly in arid and semiarid regions, but it may cause soil Ca, Mg, and Na accumulation and result in soil degradation. The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms impacting soil Ca, Mg, and Na in wastewater land application systems using tree‐based machine learning models. Using data collected from previous field studies, decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting decision trees (XGBoost) models were developed to predict soil Ca, Mg, and Na in wastewater land application systems. XGBoost models showed the best performance, with R2 and RMSE values of 0.999 and 18.9 mg/kg, 0.999 and 3.2 mg/kg, and 0.912 and 104 mg/kg on the training data and 0.989 and 345 mg/kg, 0.925 and 56.1 mg/kg, and 0.908 and 112 mg/kg on the test data for soil Ca, Mg, and Na prediction, respectively. Permutation importance analysis reveals that initial soil Ca and electrical conductivity (EC) and total irrigation amount, initial soil Mg, total precipitation and initial soil EC, and initial soil Na, total irrigation amount and wastewater Na were the top three predictive variables for soil Ca, Mg, and Na, respectively. Partial dependence analysis demonstrates how soil Ca, Mg, and Na changed with the predictive variables, and indicates that wastewater irrigation caused soil Ca, Mg, and Na accumulation. This study highlights the need for sustainable wastewater land application management to control soil sodium adsorption ratio and mitigate the risks of land degradation.
High‐speed escape jumps in haptophytes: Mechanism and triggering fluid signal
Authors: Miano Federica , Asadzadeh Seyed Saeed , Ryderheim Fredrik , Andersen Anders , Kiørboe Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSome planktonic organisms can remotely sense and evade predators by powerful escape jumps. Remote perception typically happens through the fluid disturbance generated by the approaching predator or its feeding current. In copepods and ciliates with mechanosensors, the perception and jump mechanisms are well understood. But how some flagellates perceive the fluid disturbance and achieve similar relative speeds with only two flagella is less explored. Here, we examined the ability of three haptophytes, Chrysochromulina simplex, Prymnesium polylepis, and Prymnesium parvum, to sense and evade the fluid disturbance generated by the feeding current of a copepod nauplius. Chrysochromulina simplex has a long haptonema (14 cell diameters), while the haptonema of the two other species are shorter (1 and 0.5 cell diameters). Only C. simplex responded to the fluid disturbance by fleeing at high speeds. The jump mechanism consists of two phases: the rapid coiling of the haptonema that pulls the cell about two cell diameters in the direction of the haptonema, followed by flagellar reversal and high‐speed swimming (70 cell lengths per second) in the opposite direction. We rationalize cell displacements and escape speeds from haptonema and flagellar kinematics and fluid dynamics. Using a microfluidic channel, we demonstrate that the component of the fluid signal that triggers the jumps is the maximum deformation rate rather than the magnitude of deformation. High‐speed escape jumps may be an avoidance mechanism evolved by haptophytes with long and coiling haptonema, while species with shorter haptonema may use other defense mechanisms, such as stealth and toxicity.
Apparent nitrous acid dissociation across environmentally relevant temperatures in freshwater and seawater
Authors: Borer Benedict , Bi Eric , Woosley Ryan J. , Babbin Andrew R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNitrite is a ubiquitous compound found across aquatic systems and an intermediate in both the oxidative and reductive metabolisms transforming fixed nitrogen in the environment. Yet, the abiotic cycling of nitrite is often overlooked in favor of biologically mediated reactions. Here we quantify the apparent acid dissociation constant (pKa) between nitrous acid and its conjugate base nitrite in both freshwater and seawater systems across a range of environmentally relevant temperatures (5–35°C) using potentiometric‐based titration. In freshwater, we measured a pKa,NBS of 3.14 at 25°C and a pKa,T of 2.87 for seawater at the same temperature. We quantify substantial effects of both salinity and temperature on the pKa, with colder and fresher water manifesting higher values and thus a greater proportion of protonated nitrite at any given pH. Because nitrous acid is unstable and decomposes to nitric oxide, the implications for the nitrous acid dissociation constant on ecosystem function are broad.