bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency: Evaluation of a commercial T‐cell receptor excision circle‐based method in Victorian dried blood spots
Authors: Richards Stephanie , Pitt James , Choo Sharon 
Published: September 2017

AimSevere combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is the most severe form of primary immunodeficiency and is fatal in infancy if untreated. As early diagnosis is associated with improved outcomes, SCID is an ideal condition to consider for inclusion in a newborn screening (NBS) programme in Australia. In this feasibility study, we evaluated the EnLite Neonatal TREC kit for detection of T‐cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) from NBS dried blood spots for the identification of known SCID patients in Victoria.MethodsTREC copies/μL were measured retrospectively in 14 children diagnosed with SCID or complete DiGeorge syndrome (CDGS) from 2005 to 2015 at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. In addition, TREC copies/μL were measured for 501 prospective de‐identified NBS cards.ResultsOf 14 known SCID or CDGS samples, 11 were correctly identified as presumptive positive samples with low or undetectable TREC on duplicate testing. The remaining three samples also had low or undetectable TREC on duplicate testing but were considered invalid due to insufficient β‐actin DNA amplification. Of the 501 prospective NBS samples, none were identified as presumptive positive samples on duplicate testing.ConclusionsThe EnLite Neonatal TREC kit correctly identified known SCID or CDGS patients as presumptive positive samples, and initial cut‐offs for TREC and β‐actin in the Victorian NBS population were determined. A larger pilot study is required to confirm these proposed cut‐offs and to evaluate the cost and implementation of this screening programme in Victoria, Australia. Overall, this study provides preliminary data to support the introduction of this assay to the NBS programme in Victoria.
Effects of Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 on Serum Creatinine Concentration and Development of Acute Kidney Injury in Nonazotemic Cats
Authors: Sigrist N.E. , Kälin N. , Dreyfus A. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundHydroxyethyl‐starch (HES) solutions might have renal adverse effects in humans and dogs.ObjectiveTo determine if administration of 6% HES‐130/0.4 is associated with an increase in serum creatinine concentration and development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in nonazotemic cats.AnimalsA total of 62 critically ill cats; 26 HES exposed and 36 unexposed.MethodsRetrospective cohort study (2012–2015). Serum creatinine concentrations were recorded and changes in serum creatinine concentrations before exposure (baseline) and 2–10 and 11–90 days, respectively, were determined. Development of AKI was defined as a > 150% increase or >26 μmol/L increase in serum creatinine concentration from baseline. Risk factors, such as HES administration, cumulative volume of HES (mL/kg) and number of days of HES administration leading to development of AKI, and change in serum creatinine were analyzed.ResultsCats in the HES cohort received a mean volume of 98.5 ± 76.2 mL/kg (range, 8–278 mL/kg) HES over a median of 4 (range, 1–11) days, resulting in a median dose of 20.1 (range, 8–40.5) mL/kg per day. Short‐term %change in serum creatinine concentration (P = 0.40) and development of AKI (P = 0.32) were not significantly different between cohorts. Multivariable logistic regression did not identify HES dose in mL/kg (P = 0.33) and number of days of HES application (P = 0.49) as a risk factor for development of AKI.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceHydroxyethyl‐starch administration to critically ill nonazotemic cats seems to be safe. A larger prospective study is required to determine the effect of HES administration at higher dosages and for prolonged time periods.
Feline Differential Leukocyte Count with ProCyte Dx: Frequency and Severity of a Neutrophil‐Lymphocyte Error and How to Avoid It
Authors: Tvedten H.W. , Andersson V. , Lilliehöök I.E. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundErroneous neutrophil and lymphocyte counts from analysis of feline blood samples were transferred directly into the hospital information system from the ProCyte Dx hematology instrument in our after‐hours laboratory. Errors usually were not detected by the users.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo quantify the frequency and severity of errors associated with the ProCyte Dx analyzer and to identify methods to avoid the errors.AnimalsOne‐hundred six EDTA blood samples routinely submitted from feline hospital patients were analyzed.MethodsProCyte differential leukocyte counts were compared to 2 reference methods: Advia 2120 hematology instrument and manual enumeration. Limits for unacceptable deviation from the reference methods were defined as 18 for % lymphocytes and 23 for % neutrophils.ResultsFourteen of 106 samples had unacceptable errors for both lymphocytes and neutrophils compared to both reference methods. Median % lymphocytes in those 14 samples were 11.2, 15.0, and 53.0% for Advia, manual, and ProCyte, respectively. Median % neutrophils were 85.4, 81.5, and 34.2% for Advia, manual, and ProCyte, respectively. All errors were avoided by rejecting automated ProCyte differential leukocyte results whenever the dot plot appeared clearly incorrect, but only 9 of these 14 samples had a ProCyte WBC distribution error flag.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceResults reported by ProCyte had markedly falsely increased lymphocyte and decreased neutrophil counts in 13% of feline patient samples. Users must reject automated differential leukocyte count results when the WBC dot plot appears overtly incorrect. Rejection based only on ProCyte WBC error flag was insufficient.
Evidence of genomic adaptation to climate in Eucalyptus microcarpa: Implications for adaptive potential to projected climate change
Authors: Jordan Rebecca , Hoffmann Ary A. , Dillon Shannon K. , Prober Suzanne M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUnderstanding whether populations can adapt in situ or whether interventions are required is of key importance for biodiversity management under climate change. Landscape genomics is becoming an increasingly important and powerful tool for rapid assessments of climate adaptation, especially in long‐lived species such as trees. We investigated climate adaptation in Eucalyptus microcarpa using the DArTseq genomic approach. A combination of FST outlier and environmental association analyses were performed using >4200 genomewide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 26 populations spanning climate gradients in southeastern Australia. Eighty‐one SNPs were identified as putatively adaptive, based on significance in FST outlier tests and significant associations with one or more climate variables related to temperature (70/81), aridity (37/81) or precipitation (35/81). Adaptive SNPs were located on all 11 chromosomes, with no particular region associated with individual climate variables. Climate adaptation appeared to be characterized by subtle shifts in allele frequencies, with no consistent fixed differences identified. Based on these associations, we predict adaptation under projected changes in climate will include a suite of shifts in allele frequencies. Whether this can occur sufficiently rapidly through natural selection within populations, or would benefit from assisted gene migration, requires further evaluation. In some populations, the absence or predicted increases to near fixation of particular adaptive alleles hint at potential limits to adaptive capacity. Together, these results reinforce the importance of standing genetic variation at the geographic level for maintaining species’ evolutionary potential.
Ideational Populism in Chile? A Case Study
Authors: Aguilar Rosario , Carlin Ryan E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper conducts an experimental test of the theory of ideational populism in a most‐likely case: a well‐known Chilean populist presidential candidate, Roxana Miranda. At the time of our study, Chile had the necessary conditions for ideational populism: corruption scandals and a crisis of political representation that lowered citizens’ trust in establishment elites. The stimulus was a speech that included the core elements of ideational populist discourse. Despite the careful experimental design and a ripe political atmosphere, we found no effects of populist discourse on voting intentions or evaluations of Miranda among the research participants. We discuss the possible reasons for these null findings. Rather than disqualifying the theory of ideational populism, we conclude that our research calls theorists to incorporate other elements – ideology, gender, issue positions, strategic voting – into their models of ideational populism.
An allosteric gating model recapitulates the biophysical properties of IK,L expressed in mouse vestibular type I hair cells
Authors: Spaiardi Paolo , Tavazzani Elisa , Manca Marco , Milesi Veronica , Russo Giancarlo , Prigioni Ivo , Marcotti Walter , Magistretti Jacopo , Masetto Sergio 
Published: September 2017

Key points
Vestibular type I and type II hair cells and their afferent fibres send information to the brain regarding the position and movement of the head.
The characteristic feature of type I hair cells is the expression of a low‐voltage‐activated outward rectifying K+ current, IK,L, whose biophysical properties and molecular identity are still largely unknown.
In vitro, the afferent nerve calyx surrounding type I hair cells causes unstable intercellular K+ concentrations, altering the biophysical properties of IK,L.
We found that in the absence of the calyx, IK,L in type I hair cells exhibited unique biophysical activation properties, which were faithfully reproduced by an allosteric channel gating scheme.
These results form the basis for a molecular and pharmacological identification of IK,L.
AbstractType I and type II hair cells are the sensory receptors of the mammalian vestibular epithelia. Type I hair cells are characterized by their basolateral membrane being enveloped in a single large afferent nerve terminal, named the calyx, and by the expression of a low‐voltage‐activated outward rectifying K+ current, IK,L. The biophysical properties and molecular profile of IK,L are still largely unknown. By using the patch‐clamp whole‐cell technique, we examined the voltage‐ and time‐dependent properties of IK,L in type I hair cells of the mouse semicircular canal. We found that the biophysical properties of IK,L were affected by an unstable K+ equilibrium potential (VeqK+). Both the outward and inward K+ currents shifted VeqK+ consistent with K+ accumulation or depletion, respectively, in the extracellular space, which we attributed to a residual calyx attached to the basolateral membrane of the hair cells. We therefore optimized the hair cell dissociation protocol in order to isolate mature type I hair cells without their calyx. In these cells, the uncontaminated IK,L showed a half‐activation at –79.6 mV and a steep voltage dependence (2.8 mV). IK,L also showed complex activation and deactivation kinetics, which we faithfully reproduced by an allosteric channel gating scheme where the channel is able to open from all (five) closed states. The ‘early’ open states substantially contribute to IK,L activation at negative voltages. This study provides the first complete description of the ‘native’ biophysical properties of IK,L in adult mouse vestibular type I hair cells.
Feto‐ and utero‐placental vascular adaptations to chronic maternal hypoxia in the mouse
Authors: Cahill Lindsay S. , Rennie Monique Y. , Hoggarth Johnathan , Yu Lisa X. , Rahman Anum , Kingdom John C. , Seed Mike , Macgowan Christopher K. , Sled John G. 
Published: September 2017

Key points
Chronic fetal hypoxia is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and is known to cause fetal growth restriction.
The structural adaptations of the placental vasculature responsible for growth restriction with chronic hypoxia are not well elucidated.
Using a mouse model of chronic maternal hypoxia in combination with micro‐computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy, we found several placental adaptations that were beneficial to fetal growth including capillary expansion, thinning of the interhaemal membrane and increased radial artery diameters, resulting in a large drop in total utero‐placental vascular resistance.
One of the mechanisms used to achieve the rapid increase in capillaries was intussusceptive angiogenesis, a strategy used in human placental development to form terminal gas‐exchanging villi.
These results contribute to our understanding of the structural mechanisms of the placental vasculature responsible for fetal growth restriction and provide a baseline for understanding adaptive physiological responses of the placenta to chronic hypoxia.
AbstractThe fetus and the placenta in eutherian mammals have a unique set of compensatory mechanisms to respond to several pregnancy complications including chronic maternal hypoxia. This study examined the structural adaptations of the feto‐ and utero‐placental vasculature in an experimental mouse model of chronic maternal hypoxia (11% O2 from embryonic day (E) 14.5–E17.5). While placental weights were unaffected by exposure to chronic hypoxia, using micro‐computed tomography, we found a 44% decrease in the absolute feto‐placental arterial vascular volume and a 30% decrease in total vessel segments in the chronic hypoxia group compared to control group. Scanning electron microscopy imaging showed significant expansion of the capillary network; consequently, the interhaemal membrane was 11% thinner to facilitate maternal–fetal exchange in the chronic hypoxia placentas. One of the mechanisms for the rapid capillary expansion was intussusceptive angiogenesis. Analysis of the utero‐placental arterial tree showed significant increases (24%) in the diameter of the radial arteries, resulting in a decrease in the total utero‐placental resistance by 2.6‐fold in the mice exposed to chronic maternal hypoxia. Together these adaptations acted to preserve placental weight whereas fetal weight was decreased.
Draft Genome Sequence of Solibacillus kalamii, Isolated from an Air Filter Aboard the International Space Station
Authors: Seuylemezian Arman , Singh Nitin K. , Vaishampayan Parag , Venkateswaran Kasthuri 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome of
Solibacillus kalamii
ISSFR-015, isolated from a high-energy particulate arrestance filter aboard the International Space Station. The draft genome sequence of this strain contains 3,809,180 bp with an estimated G+C content of 38.61%.
Genome Sequences of 30 Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolates Recovered from a Single Dairy Farm and Its Associated Off-Site Heifer-Raising Facility
Authors: Kim Seon-Woo , Karns Jeffrey S. , Van Kessel Jo Ann S. , Haley Bradd J. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Cattle are the primary reservoir of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7, the most frequently isolated serotype of enterohemorrhagic
E. coli
infections among humans in North America. To evaluate the diversity of
E. coli
O157:H7 isolates within a single dairy herd, the genomes of 30 isolates collected over a 7-year period were sequenced.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Obligate Psychrophilic Yeast,
Candida psychrophila
NRRL Y-17665
T
Authors: Brejová Broňa , Lichancová Hana , Brázdovič Filip , Cillingová Andrea , Neboháčová Martina , Tomáška Ľubomír , Vinař Tomáš , Nosek Jozef 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Candida psychrophila
is an obligate psychrophilic yeast classified into the family
Debaryomycetaceae
(
Saccharomycotina
). Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the type strain, NRRL Y-17665. The genome sequence is 11.2 Mb long and codes for 5,827 predicted proteins.
Draft Genome Sequences of Sphingomonas mucosissima DSM 17494 and Sphingomonas dokdonensis DSM 21029
Authors: Poehlein Anja , Wübbeler Jan Hendrik , Daniel Rolf , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Sphingomonas mucosissima
and
Sphingomonas dokdonensis
are Gram-negative chemoheterotrophic strictly aerobic rods or cocci. The genomes (3.453 Mb and 3.587 Mb, respectively) contain 3,279 and 3,329 predicted protein-encoding genes, respectively. The genome of
S. dokdonensis
harbors a 90-kb plasmid.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Methanothermobacter
sp. Strain EMTCatA1, Reconstructed from the Metagenome of a Thermophilic Electromethanogenesis-Catalyzing Biocathode
Authors: Kobayashi Hajime , Sun Xiaohan , Fu Qian , Maeda Haruo , Sato Kozo 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

A draft genome of
Methanothermobacter
sp. strain EMTCatA1 was reconstructed from a metagenome of a thermophilic electromethanogenic biocathode. This genome will provide information about methanogens catalyzing methanogenesis at the biocathodes.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain S13, Isolated from a Fish Eye from a Nile Tilapia Farm in Southern Brazil
Authors: Facimoto César T. , Chideroli Roberta T. , Gonçalves Daniela D. , Carmo Anderson O. do , Kalaphotakis Evanguedes , Pereira Ulisses de Pádua 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus agalactiae
is an important pathogen to world aquaculture due to its high mortality rates in fish farms and consequent economic losses. Our study presents the complete genome sequence of strain S13, isolated from a tilapia farm outbreak in southern Brazil.
A quality improvement approach to cognitive assessment on hospice admission: could we use the 4AT or Short CAM?
Authors: Baird Lucy , Spiller Juliet Anne 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundPrevalence studies show that 13%–42% of patients admitted to specialist palliative care inpatient units have delirium. Symptoms of delirium are often subtle and easily missed, or misdiagnosed as fatigue or depression, and so the use of a screening tool could improve early identification and management of delirium and lead to improved outcomes. Patients admitted to hospices are often frail and tired, therefore a quick and easy-to-use method of cognitive assessment is essential.MethodsA quality improvement (QI) approach (PDSA: Plan, Do, Study, Act) was used to improve screening for delirium on admission to a hospice unit. A baseline measure was taken of the rate of performance of cognitive assessment on admission. Five PDSA cycles were then undertaken which involved implementing change and then evaluating results through auditing case notes and interviewing staff.ResultsThe first cycle determined staff preference between two cognitive assessment methods: the Short Confusion Assessment Method and the four 'A's Test (4AT). Two further PDSA cycles embedded the 4AT (the preferred tool) into the admission process, establishing it as a usable tool in the hospice setting for up to 92% of admissions. A subsequent cycle showing poor sustainability prompted staff education and changes to admission documentation, resulting in an increase in cognitive assessment being performed, from 50% to 76%.ConclusionThe 4AT is a usable tool in the hospice inpatient setting to assess patients’ cognitive state on admission and can easily be incorporated into the admission process. The QI approach highlighted the need to link staff awareness of their use of the screening tool with perceived improvements in the treatment of delirium, which prompted the creation and implementation of a ‘Delirium Checklist’. Some initial lack of sustainability was addressed by staff education and changes to the admission paperwork to ensure compliance with the use of the 4AT and sustained improvement in screening for cognitive impairment.
Fewer REBOA complications with smaller devices and partial occlusion: evidence from a multicentre registry in Japan
Authors: Matsumura Yosuke , Matsumoto Junichi , Kondo Hiroshi , Idoguchi Koji , Ishida Tokiya , Kon Yuri , Tomita Keisuke , Ishida Kenichiro , Hirose Tomoya , Umakoshi Kensuke , Funabiki Tomohiro 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundResuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) performed by emergency physicians has been gaining acceptance as a less invasive technique than resuscitative thoracotomy.ObjectiveTo evaluate access-related complications and duration of occlusions during REBOA.MethodsPatients with haemorrhagic shock requiring REBOA, from 18 hospitals in Japan, included in the DIRECT-IABO Registry were studied. REBOA-related characteristics were compared between non-survivors and survivors at 24 hours. 24-Hour survivors were categorised into groups with small (≤8 Fr), large (≥9 Fr) or unusual sheaths (oversized or multiple) to assess the relationship between the sheath size and complications. Haemodynamic response, occlusion duration and outcomes were compared between groups with partial and complete REBOA.ResultsBetween August 2011 and December 2015, 142 adults undergoing REBOA were analysed. REBOA procedures were predominantly (94%) performed by emergency medicine (EM) physicians. The median duration of the small sheath (n=53) was 19 hours compared with 7.5 hours for the larger sheaths (P=0.025). Smaller sheaths were more likely to be removed using external manual compression (96% vs 45%, P<0.001). One case of a common femoral artery thrombus (large group) and two cases of amputation (unusual group) were identified. Partial REBOA was carried out in more cases (n=78) and resulted in a better haemodynamic response than complete REBOA (improvement in haemodynamics, 92% vs 70%, P=0.004; achievement of stability, 78% vs 51%, P=0.007) and allowed longer occlusion duration (median 58 vs 33 min, P=0.041). No statistically significant difference in 24-hour or 30-day survival was found between partial and complete REBOA.ConclusionIn Japan, EM physicians undertake the majority of REBOA procedures. Smaller sheaths appear to have fewer complications despite relatively prolonged placement and require external compression on removal. Although REBOA is a rarely performed procedure, partial REBOA, which may extend the occlusion duration without a reduction in survival, is used more commonly in Japan.
Enduring enrolments in West Virginia’s Medicaid programme due to severe injury
Authors: Smith Michael , Miller Ted R , Zaloshnja Eduard 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo assess frequency, duration and costs of Medicaid conversions that occur when severe injury causes patients to enrol in Medicaid to pay their hospital bills. Once enrolled, Medicaid pays all their medical bills, not simply their injury bill.Data sources2000–2005 West Virginia Medicaid claims data and 2000–2006 eligibility data for new enrollees under the age of 65. To model national costs, published Medicaid conversion rates across 14 states for 2003 and 2008 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Program Nationwide Inpatient Sample data.MethodsWe identified enrollees who had hospital inpatient claims for injury within 30 days of enrolment, then tabulated eligibility duration and payments by year and in aggregate. For those with open-ended eligibility, we assumed future annual claims payments would equal average payments in eligibility years 5–6. We multiplied the mean payments data adjusted to national prices with the estimated conversions nationally.ResultsOverall, 5.4% of hospitalised patients with injury in West Virginia converted to Medicaid, with 17% of conversions on Medicaid 7 years post injury. In 2010 dollars, Medicaid payments averaged $93 900 per conversion for non-injury medical care before the age of 65. Conversions added an estimated $87 in payments for non-injury care to governments’ medical payments per medically treated injury in the USA. They added 14% to governments’ gunshot and assault medical payments, 7.5% to its road crash medical payments and 6% to its total injury medical payments.ConclusionsThese findings increase the rationale for governments to partner in injury prevention efforts.