bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluations of Neurologists by Their Patients and Residents Are Inversely Correlated
Authors: Dobbs Michael R , Smith Jonathan H 
Published: April 2016

Objective and Background: We hypothesized that evaluation scores for attending neurologists by patients and residents would parallel one another. Additionally, we hypothesized that provider productivity would be also be associated with performance evaluations by patients and residents. Methods: In a university neurology department, we collected individual Clinician and Group Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems patient satisfaction scores and standardized resident evaluation scores (n = 22 faculty members). We performed bivariate analysis of doctor–patient satisfaction versus resident evaluation scores. Results: Attending neurologists with higher patient satisfaction received lower resident evaluation scores ( P < .05). There seem to be disproportionate neurologists with low evaluations not meeting clinical productivity targets. Conclusion: Finding a significant inverse correlation was surprising. Perhaps what is valued by patients in their physician is not what residents value in teachers. That deserves further study. Maybe attending physicians who spend their energy on the patient experience do not have sufficient time to devote to teaching and vice versa. That neurologists with low evaluation scores appear more likely to not meet productivity targets supports this idea.
Physician and Parent Perspectives on Psychosocial and Emotional Data Entry in the Electronic Medical Record in a Pediatric Setting
Authors: Busack Christopher , Daskalakis Constantine , Rosen Paul 
Published: April 2016

Objective: This pilot study was conducted to evaluate physician and patient preferences for documentation of emotional and psychosocial information in the electronic medical record (EMR). Methods: Pediatricians from an academic medical center and parents of patients in an academic pediatric rheumatology practice were surveyed on 10 different elements using Likert-type scale items (1 = not at all important, 10 = extremely important). The importance of the proposed categories was evaluated by means testing and pairwise comparisons of the responses. Results: Responses were obtained from 45 physicians and 35 parents. The overall mean scores for physicians and parents were 7.70 and 7.44, respectively. Scores on personality, friends, and school differed between physicians and parents, but those differences were not significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons ( P = .13, .17, and .26, respectively). Fears, special requests, and special needs were in the high-score group for both physicians and parents. Conclusion: Physicians and parents reported that the incorporation of emotional and psychosocial information into the EMR added value to the health care of children.
Altered Levels of Salivary 8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine in Breast Cancer
Authors: Gornitsky M. , Velly A.M. , Mohit S. , Almajed M. , Su H. , Panasci L. , Schipper H.M. 
Published: April 2016

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC). To determine whether BC is associated with altered salivary redox homeostasis, we performed a case-control study assessing the relationship between BC and 8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a marker for oxidative damage to DNA. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 8-oxodG was used on whole, unstimulated saliva of 134 BC patients and 226 healthy controls. Associations of the redox data were assessed by analysis of variance and logistic regression analysis. Our results revealed that there were 1) significantly lower mean levels of salivary 8-oxodG in BC patients versus controls ( P = 0.0005), 2) significantly lower levels among participants who did not receive radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy as compared with controls ( P < 0.0001), 3) significantly lower levels among BC patients who did not receive these treatments than among those who did ( P < 0.02), 4) and no significant differences in mean 8-oxodG levels among BC patients positive or negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( P ≥ 0.08). Our results suggest that BC is associated with decreased levels of oxidatively modified DNA in saliva. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of our current case-control study indicate that the molecular biomarker of oxidative stress 8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine, measured from saliva, is associated with breast cancer. Our findings may provide the basis for future studies on molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress and breast cancer using saliva as an accessible and noninvasive tissue.
Measuring Value Exchange in a Community: A Deeper Exploration
Authors: Imel Spencer 
Published: April 2016

The previous edition of this Journal included an article titled ‘Making Engagement Worth It: Measuring and Managing How Entrepreneurs Exchange Value with Their Community’. It presented a case study whereby the techniques associated with the field of Customer Value Management in business were applied by researchers in the public sector. The case involved understanding and measuring the perceptions of entrepreneurs about the communities in which they start businesses, with the aim of providing community leaders and policymakers with actionable information about how to create a more compelling value proposition for entrepreneurs. This article provides further information about the approach and execution of that study. It contains details about the development of the qualitative framework which will allow you to understand how community members evaluate the worth of their community. It describes the design and implementation of the quantitative survey and analysis that generates data and conclusions for decision-makers. The main purpose of this article is to help researchers and practitioners of Customer Value Management techniques apply this successful method for measuring, managing and improving the value proposition of their own communities.
Welcoming a new age for gene therapy in hematology
Authors: Weiss Mitchell J. , Mullighan Charles G. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Our capacities to understand and manipulate mammalian genomes are accelerating at an astounding pace. In 2007, Capecchi, Evans, and Smithies were awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine for their work on gene targeting, which showed that embryonic stem cells could be modified by homologous recombination (HR) with engineered template DNA to alter virtually any gene and create mutant mice. This work revolutionized biology by allowing investigators to study the in vivo consequences of selected gene alteration. However, the efficiency of HR in embryonic stem cells is unpredictable, depending on the target gene and HR template. More importantly, spontaneous HR occurs at very low rates in most somatic cells, restricting the use of standard gene targeting for most laboratory and clinical applications. This limitation is being overcome by genome-editing technologies, which markedly enhance the capacity to alter cellular genes with laser-like precision. Four review articles in this edition of Blood summarize the field of genome editing, focusing on its potential for treating hematological disorders.
Heuristics for spatial finding using iterative mobile crowdsourcing
Authors: Loke Seng W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCrowdsourcing has become a popular method for involving humans in socially-aware computational processes. This paper proposes and investigates algorithms for finding regions of interest using mobile crowdsourcing. The algorithms are iterative, using cycles of crowd-querying and feedback till specified targets are found, each time adjusting the query according to the feedback using heuristics. We describe three (computationally simple) heuristics, incorporated into crowdsourcing algorithms, to reducing the costs (the number of questions required) and increasing the efficiency (or reducing the number of rounds required) in using such crowdsourcing: (i) using additional questions in each round in the expectation of failures, (ii) using neighbourhood associations in the case where regions of interest are clustered, and (iii) modelling regions of interest via spatial point processes. We demonstrate the improved performance of using these heuristics using a range of stylised scenarios. Our research suggests that finding in the city is not as difficult as it can be, especially for phenomena that exhibit some degree of clustering.
Seismic wave attenuation and modulus dispersion in sandstones
Authors: Spencer James W. , Shine Jacob 
Published: April 2016

We have conducted laboratory experiments over the 1–200 Hz band to examine the effects of viscosity and permeability on modulus dispersion and attenuation in sandstones and also to examine the effects of partial gas or oil saturation on velocities and attenuations. Our results have indicated that bulk modulus values with low-viscosity fluids are close to the values predicted using Gassmann’s first equation, but, with increasing frequency and viscosity, the bulk and shear moduli progressively deviate from the values predicted by Gassmann’s equations. The shear moduli increase up to 1 GPa (or approximately 10%) with high-viscosity fluids. The P- and S-wave attenuations ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) and modulus dispersion with different fluids are indicative of stress relaxations that to the first order are scaling with frequency times viscosity. By fitting Cole-Cole distributions to the scaled modulus and attenuation data, we have found that there are similar P-wave, shear and bulk relaxations, and attenuation peaks in each of the five sandstones studied. The modulus defects range from 11% to 15% in Berea sandstone to 16% to 26% in the other sandstones, but these would be reduced at higher confining pressures. The relaxations shift to lower frequencies as the viscosity increased, but they do not show the dependence on permeability predicted by mesoscopic wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) theories. Results from other experiments having patchy saturation with liquid [Formula: see text] and high-modulus fluids are consistent with mesoscopic WIFF theories. We have concluded that the modulus dispersion and attenuations ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) in saturated sandstones are caused by a pore-scale, local-flow mechanism operating near grain contacts.
Breast Cancer Reporting in Lagos, Nigeria: Implications for Training and Education in Africa
Authors: Daramola Adetola O. , Banjo Adekunbiola A. , Bennett Aneliese , Abdulkareem Fatimah , Shaaban Abeer M. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose To assess the completeness and accuracy of breast cancer pathologic reporting in Nigeria. Materials and Methods The histologic parameters provided in breast cancer pathology reports at a large teaching hospital in Nigeria were assessed. The corresponding slides were reviewed after the United Kingdom Royal College of Pathologists guidelines, and results were compared. Results Out of 115 breast cancer cases, histologic type of breast carcinoma was concordant with the review type in 53.1% of cases and discordant in 46.9%. Grading was stated in 89.62% of cases, of which 50.5% were correctly graded, 35.8% were under-graded, and 8.5% were over-graded. Poor fixation and omission of the mitotic count were the main reasons for discordant grades. A comment on lymph node status was included in 40% of cases, and lymphovascular invasion was not commented on in 97.4% of cases. Only 26% of the tumors had hormone receptors and/or HER2 tested. Conclusion Some essential histologic parameters were absent from the histologic reports, and where present, a proportion were inaccurate. Attention to specimen fixation and method of grading and familiarity with uncommon breast cancer types are required; all can be facilitated by education and training. The use of a template/proforma is recommended to ensure cancer data set parameters are included in the pathology reports.
ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY BY LEGAL MEANS
Authors: Назаренко  , Nazarenko Gennadiy 
Published: April 2016

In the article anti-corruption policy is considered in criminal law and in the preventive aspects. The definition of anti-corruption policy by legal means is given. It is shown that the most significant and effective tool in this direction (kind) of policy is the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. However, the preventive potential of criminal law is not enough. The law does not cover a lot of corruption manifestations, which are involved in the use of any official status, its authority and opportunities. Up to the present time criminal law is not given with the accordance of the Federal Law «On combating corruption» from 25.12..2008 №273-FZ (as amended
on 22.12.2014).
Criminal law measures applied to corrupt officials, have palliative nature: they are based on the concept of limited use of criminal law and mitigation of punishment. The author makes a reasonable conclusion that more effective implementation of anti-corruption policy requires the adoption of new criminal law which contains the Chapter on corruption crimes, sanctions of which must include imprisonment as punishment as well as confiscation of property or life deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions or to be engaged in certain activities.
Deadlines in Product Development
Authors: Zhang Juanjuan 
Published: April 2016

Deadlines are common in product development and are often felt to be too harsh—many development efforts are still worth continuing at the time of mandated termination. We examine the value of deadlines from the agency-theoretic perspective. We consider a firm that pays an agent to lead product development activities. The chance of success depends on the viability of the project and the effort of the agent. As the project proceeds without success, doubts grow as to whether the project is viable. To motivate continued effort, the firm must promise the agent a generous reward if success is achieved during the late stage of development. However, rewarding late success undermines effort incentives in the early stage. The firm may find it more profitable to impose a hard, early deadline to eliminate the agent’s dynamic incentive to procrastinate. We derive conditions under which the firm should impose such deadlines. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Invasive meningococcal disease: The new vaccination schedule
Authors: Leleux Jennie 
Published: April 2016

Invasive meningococcal disease is a bacterial infection with serious consequences. Immunisation programmes can have a significant impact on the disease. Jennie Leleux explains the rationale for the vaccination programmes and considerations for practice Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a serious bacterial infection with a case-fatality rate of 5% in the UK. In 2014/15 there were 724 confirmed cases of IMD. The most common presentations of IMD are meningitis and septicaemia and the main causes in the UK are MenB, W and Y. In 2015, two new vaccination programmes were introduced to help combat these capsular groups: MenB for infants and MenACWY for teenagers/first-time university entrants. Immunisation programmes have previously had a significant impact on the incidence of MenC and it is hoped the new vaccination programmes will have the same effect. Practice nurses are vital for administering the vaccines and providing information on IMD for parents and children.
Vascular disease and foot assessment in diabetes
Authors: Burland Paul , Phillips Anne 
Published: April 2016

Complications of peripheral arterial disease can occur at an early stage in people with diabetes. Paul Burland discusses the importance of foot assessments in patients with diabetes and the treatment options available for peripheral arterial disease Wounds require an adequate blood supply to heal properly. In people with diabetes, blood supply can be compromised by peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and microvascular disease. PAD is a major cause of foot ulceration in people with diabetes. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence ( NICE, 2015a ) guidelines state that adults with diabetes should be assessed for evidence of limb ischaemia annually and whenever any new foot problems arise. Smoking is an important risk factor in PAD, and practice nurses can play a role in helping their patients with diabetes to understand the risk and provide support for them to stop smoking.
Eastern Sumbanese Bird Classification and Nomenclature: Additions and Revisions
Authors: Forth Gregory 
Published: April 2016

Expanding on previously published research into folk classification of birds in the eastern part of the Indonesian island of Sumba, this article reports new information on bird categories and classification recorded by the author in 2015. New folk taxa are described and identified and scientific identifications for previously reported taxa are added or revised. Information on local bird classification from the Kambera region is compared with data recorded in the 1970s in the district of Rindi, and these are shown to reveal only minor differences. Employing Berlin’s well-known analytical scheme, the main features of the taxonomy are summarized and totals are enumerated for monotypic and polytypic folk-generics and both named and unnamed (covert) folk-intermediates. Additional information is provided concerning symbolic uses of bird categories, including bird names used as place names and local beliefs about nightjars (Camprimulgus spp.) which correspond to ideas encountered on the ethnozoologically better-known neighboring island of Flores.
The neighbouring effect of isosorbide and its epimers in their reactions with dimethyl carbonate
Authors: Aricò Fabio , Evaristo Serena , Tundo Pietro 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The reactions of isosorbide and its epimers, isomannide and isoidide, with dimethyl carbonate have been herein investigated as easy access to bio-based products by a free-halogen chemistry approach. Isosorbide and its epimers show a different reactivity in bimolecular nucleophilic substitution with dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Carboxymethylation reaction was carried out in the presence of DMC and a weak base resulting in the high-yielding synthesis of dicarboxymethyl derivatives. Isomannide was the most reactive anhydro sugar due to the less sterically hindered exo position of the OH groups. On the other hand, methylation of isosorbide and its epimers, conducted in the presence of a strong base and DMC, showed the higher reactivity of the endo hydroxyl group, isoidide being the most reactive epimer. This result has been ascribed to the neighboring effect due to the combination of the oxygen in β-position and the intramolecular hydrogen bond within the anhydro sugar structure. Methylation reactions were also conducted in autoclave at high temperature with the amphoteric catalyst hydrotalcite using DMC as reagent and solvent. In this case, the reactivity of the epimers resulted quite differently with isosorbide being the most reactive reagent possibly as a result of the structure of hydrotalcite comprising of both acidic and basic sites. The neighboring effect was observed with good evidence in these methylation reactions.
A-priori bounds and existence for solutions of weighted elliptic equations with a convection term
Authors: Ho Ky , Sim Inbo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We investigate weighted elliptic equations containing a convection term with variable exponents that are subject to Dirichlet or Neumann boundary condition. By employing the De Giorgi iteration and a localization method, we give a-priori bounds for solutions to these problems. The existence of solutions is also established using Brezis’ theorem for pseudomonotone operators.
Intrinsic decay rates for the energy of a nonlinear viscoelastic equation modeling the vibrations of thin rods with variable density
Authors: Cavalcanti Marcelo M. , Domingos Cavalcanti Valéria N. , Lasiecka Irena , Webler Claudete M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We consider the long-time behavior of a nonlinear PDE with a memory term which can be recast in the abstract form

d

d
⁢
t

⁢
ρ
⁢

(

u
t

)

+

A
⁢

u

t
⁢
t

+

γ
⁢

A
θ

⁢

u
t

+

A
⁢
u

-

∫
0
t

g
⁢

(
s
)

⁢
A
⁢
u
⁢

(

t
-
s

)

=
0

,

$\frac{d}{dt}\rho(u_{t})+Au_{tt}+\gamma A^{\theta}u_{t}+Au-\int_{0}^{t}g(s)Au(t%
-s)=0,$

where A is a self-adjoint, positive definite operator acting on a Hilbert space H,

ρ
⁢

(
s
)

${\rho(s)}$

is a continuous, monotone increasing function, and the relaxation kernel

g
⁢

(
s
)

${g(s)}$

is a continuous, decreasing function in

L
1

⁢

(

ℝ
+

)

${L_{1}(\mathbb{R}_{+})}$

with

g
⁢

(
0
)

>
0

${g(0)>0}$

. Of particular interest is the case when

A
=

-
Δ

${A=-\Delta}$

with appropriate boundary conditions and

ρ
⁢

(
s
)

=

|
s
|

ρ

⁢
s

${\rho(s)=|s|^{\rho}s}$

. This model arises in the context of solid mechanics accounting for variable density of the material. While finite energy solutions of the underlying PDE solutions exhibit exponential decay rates when strong damping is active (

γ
>
0

,

θ
=
1

${\gamma>0,\theta=1}$

), this uniform decay is no longer valid (by spectral analysis arguments) for dynamics subjected to frictional damping only, say,

θ
=
0

${\theta=0}$

and

g
=
0

${g=0}$

. In the absence of mechanical damping (

γ
=
0

${\gamma=0}$

), the linearized version of the model reduces to a Volterra equation generated by bounded generators and, hence, it is exponentially stable for exponentially decaying kernels. The aim of the paper is to study intrinsic decays for the energy of the nonlinear model accounting for large classes of relaxation kernels described by the inequality

g
′

+

H
⁢

(
g
)

≤
0

${g^{\prime}+H(g)\leq 0}$

with H convex and subject to the assumptions specified in (1.13) (a general framework introduced first in [1] in the context of linear second-order evolution equations with memory). In the context of frictional damping, such a framework was introduced earlier in [15], where it was shown that the decay rates of second-order evolution equations with frictional damping can be described by solutions of an ODE driven by a suitable convex function H which captures the behavior at the origin of the dissipation. The present paper extends this analysis to nonlinear equations with viscoelasticity. It is shown that the decay rates of the energy are intrinsically described by the solution of the dissipative ODE

S
t

+

c
1

⁢
H
⁢

(

c
2

⁢
S

)

=
0

${S_{t}+c_{1}H(c_{2}S)=0}$

with given intrinsic constants

c
1

,

c
2

>
0

${c_{1},c_{2}>0}$

. The results obtained are sharp and they improve (by introducing a novel methodology) previous results in the literature (see [20, 19, 21, 6]) with respect to (i) the criticality of the nonlinear exponent ρ and (ii) the generality of the relaxation kernel.