bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esrrb‐Cre excises loxP‐flanked alleles in early four‐cell embryos
Authors: Lee Sungeun , Pallerla Srinivas R. , Kim Suyeon , Shaffer Benjamin , Simerly Calvin R. , Chaillet J. Richard , Barak Yaacov 
Published: December 2015

SummaryAmong transgenic mice with ubiquitous Cre recombinase activity, all strains to date excise loxP‐flanked (floxed) alleles either at or before the zygote stage or at nondescript stages of development. This manuscript describes a new mouse strain, in which Cre recombinase, integrated into the Esrrb locus, efficiently excises floxed alleles in pre‐implantation embryos at the onset of the four‐cell stage. By enabling inactivation of genes only after the embryo has undergone two cleavages, this strain should facilitate in vivo studies of genes with essential gametic or zygotic functions. In addition, this study describes a new, highly pluripotent hybrid C57BL/6J x 129S1/SvImJ mouse embryonic stem cell line, HYB12, in which this knockin and additional targeted alleles have been generated. genesis 54:53–61, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Energetic Materials Based on 5,7‐Dinitrobenzotriazole and 4,6‐Dinitro­benzotriazol‐3‐ium 1‐Oxide Derivatives
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Pflüger Carolin , Reintinger Markus W. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTailoring the properties of energetic materials is an ongoing challenge in the development of new materials. Various nitrogen‐rich salts of 5,7‐dinitrobenzotriazole, 4,6‐dinitrobenzotriazole 1‐oxide, and 5,7‐diamino‐4,6‐dinitrobenzotriazole 1‐oxide were synthesized to improve the energetic properties and stabilities of the corresponding nonionic parent compounds. Furthermore, the acidic N–H group was derivatized by alkylation to introduce nitramines as another energetic group. All presented compounds were comprehensively characterized by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The energetic properties were also explored and their detonation performances calculated with the Explo5 code. Several compounds were additionally investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Self‐Assembly of Hexameric Macrocycles from PtII/Ferrocene Dimetallic Subunits – Synthesis, Characterization, Chemical Reactivity, and Oxidation Behavior
Authors: Giannetto Antonino , Puntoriero Fausto , Notti Anna , Parisi Melchiorre F. , Ielo Ileana , Nastasi Francesco , Bruno Giuseppe , Campagna Sebastiano , Lanza Santo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is a multidisciplinary team led by Melchiorre Parisi, Sebastiano Campagna, and Santo Lanza from the University of Messina, Italy. The cover image shows two different representations of the structure of a hexameric species. The PtII centers lie in two parallel planes, and the six ferrocene units are coplanar and directed to the center of the hexagon, which enables strong electronic interactions.
Bistable plant–soil dynamics and biogenic controls on the soil production function
Authors: Pelak Norman F. , Parolari Anthony J. , Porporato Amilcare 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSoil formation results from opposite processes of bedrock weathering and erosion, whose balance may be altered by natural events and human activities, resulting in reduced soil depth and function. The impacts of vegetation on soil production and erosion and the feedbacks between soil formation and vegetation growth are only beginning to be explored quantitatively. Since plants require suitable soil environments, disturbed soil states may support less vegetation, leading to a downward spiral of increased erosion and decline in ecosystem function. We explore these feedbacks with a minimal model of the soil–plant system described by two coupled nonlinear differential equations, which include key feedbacks, such as plant‐driven soil production and erosion inhibition. We show that sufficiently strong positive plant–soil feedback can lead to a ‘humped’ soil production function, a necessary condition for soil depth bistability when erosion is assumed to vary monotonically with vegetation biomass. In bistable plant–soil systems, the sustainable soil condition engineered by plants is only accessible above a threshold vegetation biomass and occurs in environments where the high potential rate of erosion exerts a strong control on soil production and erosion. Vegetation removal for agriculture reduces the stabilizing effect of vegetation and lowers the system resilience, thereby increasing the likelihood of transition to a degraded soil state. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of infinite slopes investigated with elastoplasticity and hypoplasticity
Authors: Schranz Fabian , Fellin Wolfgang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIt is commonly assumed that the maximum slope angle β of an infinite cohesionless slope is equal to the friction angle of the soil ϕ. However, this relation only holds for a dilatancy angle ψ equal to the friction angle if the Mohr‐Coulomb failure criterion is employed. This article demonstrates that the increase in the soil strength due to the plane strain conditions in an infinite slope allows for using β = ϕ as a conservative approximation for ϕ < 35° and ψ > ϕ/3. Further, the calculations presented here support the common practice in geotechnical engineering of using the strength parameters obtained from triaxial tests in limit state calculations such as Bishop's method without further consideration of the dilatancy. However, it seems to be more appropriate to use direct shear tests wherever possible, i.e. for fine‐grained soils.Standsicherheit unendlich langer Böschungen untersucht mit Elastoplastizität und Hypoplastizität. Es wird üblicherweise angenommen, dass die maximale Neigung β einer unendlich langen, kohäsionslosen Böschung dem Reibungswinkel ϕ des Materials entspricht. Bei der Verwendung des Versagenskriteriums nach Mohr‐Coulomb ist das jedoch nur korrekt für Böden mit Dilatanzwinkel ψ gleich dem Reibungswinkel. In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass infolge des ebenen Verzerrungszustandes β = ϕ als konservative Schätzung verwendet werden kann, wenn ϕ < 35° und ψ > ϕ/3 gilt. Außerdem bestätigen die angestellten Berechnungen die übliche Vorgehensweise, in der Geotechnik Standsicherheitsuntersuchungen, wie z. B. das Lamellenverfahren nach Bishop, mit Festigkeitsparametern aus dem Triaxialversuch ohne Berücksichtigung der Dilatanz durchzuführen. Es scheint jedoch angemessener, wenn möglich Rahmenscherversuche durchzuführen, um die erforderlichen Parameter zu erhalten.
Photocrosslinkable and elastomeric hydrogels for bone regeneration
Authors: Thakur Teena , Xavier Janet R. , Cross Lauren , Jaiswal Manish K. , Mondragon Eli , Kaunas Roland , Gaharwar Akhilesh K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNanocomposite biomaterials are extensively investigated for cell and tissue engineering applications due their unique physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Here, we investigated the mechanical, rheological, and degradation properties of photocrosslinkable and elastomeric nanocomposite hydrogels from nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA). The addition of nHAp resulted in a significant increase in mechanical stiffness and physiological stability. Cells readily adhere and proliferate on the nanocomposite surfaces. Cyclic stretching of cells on the elastomeric nanocomposites revealed that nHAp elicited a stronger alignment response in the direction of strain. In vitro studies highlight enhanced bioactivity of nanocomposites as determined by alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity. Overall, the elastomeric and photocrosslinkable nanocomposite hydrogels can be used for minimally invasive therapy for bone regeneration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 879–888, 2016.
Epidural anesthesia dysfunction is associated with postoperative complications after pancreatectomy
Authors: Sugimoto Motokazu , Nesbit Lauren , Barton Joshua G. , William Traverso L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundEpidural anesthesia is an accepted measure of pain control after major abdominal surgery. However, if the epidural anesthesia is unsuccessful, a variety of adverse effects can occur – excessive stress response, poor patient mobilization, increased opioid use, and hypotension due to vasodilation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of epidural dysfunction on outcomes after pan‐createctomy.MethodsBetween August 2010 and October 2014, 72 patients underwent open pancreatectomy with epidural anesthesia. Epidural dysfunction was defined as either hypo‐function due to inadequate pain control (requirement of epidural replacement, conversion to intravenous continuous opioid infusion, or intravenous bolus opioid use) or hyper‐function (hypotension or oliguria). We then analyzed for an association between epidural dysfunction and surgical outcomes.ResultsEpidural dysfunction occurred in 49% after pancreatectomy – hypo‐function in 35% and hyper‐function in 14%. Epidural dysfunction was independently associated with the development of overall (P < 0.001), pancreas‐related (P = 0.041), and non‐pancreas‐related complications (P = 0.001). Hypo‐function alone was independently associated with both pancreas‐related (P = 0.015) and non‐pancreas‐related complications (P = 0.004). Hyper‐function was independently associated with non‐pancreas‐related complications (P = 0.002).ConclusionsOutcomes after pancreatic resection can be improved by increasing the success rate of epidural anesthesia.
Dermal melanoma: A report on prognosis, outcomes, and the utility of sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: Doepker Matthew P. , Thompson Zachary J. , Harb Jennifer N. , Messina Jane L. , Puleo Christopher A. , Egan Kathleen M. , Sarnaik Amod A. , Gonzalez Ricardo J. , Sondak Vernon K. , Zager Jonathan S. 
Published: December 2015

IntroductionHistorically dermal melanoma (DM) has been labeled as either stage IIIB (in‐transit) or stage IV (M1a) disease. We sought to investigate the natural history of DM and the utility and prognostic significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).MethodsPatients with DM undergoing SLNB at a single center from 1998 to 2009 were identified.ResultsEighty‐three patients met criteria, 10 (12%) patients had a positive SLNB. Of those, 5 (50%) recurred (all with distant disease). Twenty‐one (29%) of the 73 SLNB negative patients recurred and of those, 15 (71%) developed distant metastases, whereas 6 (29%) developed local or regional recurrence, including two false‐negative regional nodal recurrences. No in‐transit recurrences were recorded. Five‐year recurrence‐free and disease‐specific survival was significantly better for patients with a negative SLNB versus positive SLNB (56.8% vs. 22.2% P = 0.02, 81.1% vs. 61.0%, P = 0.05, respectively).ConclusionSLNB has prognostic significance for RFS and DSS, and should be utilized in the management of DM based on a >10% yield and low false‐negative rate. Our data demonstrate patients with DM do not recur in an in‐transit fashion, which along with the survival outcomes suggest the behavior of DM is consistent with primary cutaneous melanoma of similar thickness rather than an isolated in‐transit or distant dermal metastasis from a regressed cutaneous primary. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:98–102. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of non‐surgical versus surgical therapy for localized hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mohanty Sanjay , Rajaram Ravi , Bilimoria Karl Y. , Salem Riad , Pawlik Timothy M. , Bentrem David J. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundLocalized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with adequate liver function is typically treated with resection. Non‐surgical modalities including trans‐arterial embolization have emerged as options for intermediate/advanced HCC. Hypothesizing that non‐surgical techniques have expanded to localized disease, we examined treatment patterns, factors associated with surgical therapy, and the impact of modality on survival.MethodsNon‐cirrhotic, localized HCC patients were identified from the National Cancer Data Base (2003–2011). Trends were examined using average annual percent change (AAPC). Regression models were developed to determine factors associated with treatment and assess the association of modality with survival.ResultsOf 10,187 patients (median tumor size: 3.7 cm), 6,387 (62.7%) underwent surgery and 3,800 (37.3%) non‐surgical therapy. Surgery declined from 61.6% to 44.5% (AAPC, −3.7%; 95%CI, −4.9% to −2.6%, P < 0.001). Non‐surgical therapies increased from 17.2% to 39.2% (AAPC 11.4%; 95%CI, 8.8–14.1%, P < 0.001). White race, higher income, and treatment in an academic center (OR = 1.37, 95%CI 1.13–1.66) were associated with surgery. Patients selected for non‐surgical therapy had worse adjusted 5‐year survival (HR=2.05, 95%CI 1.85–2.26).ConclusionsNon‐surgical therapy has become as common as surgery in the treatment of non‐cirrhotic, localized HCC. Randomized studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of treatments for this disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:175–180. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
KPNA2 over‐expression is a potential marker of prognosis and therapeutic sensitivity in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Takada Takahiro , Tsutsumi Soichi , Takahashi Ryo , Ohsone Katsuya , Tatsuki Hironori , Suto Toshinaga , Kato Toshihide , Fujii Takaaki , Yokobori Takehiko , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundKaryopherin α 2 (KPNA2) is a member of the Karyopherin α family and has recently been reported to play an important role in tumor progression. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the clinicopathological significance of KPNA2 over‐expression in colorectal cancer (CRC).Patients and MethodsKPNA2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 122 surgically resected CRC and 13 biopsy specimens obtained at colonoscopy during screening for preoperative hyperthermochemoradiation therapy (HCRT). The association between KPNA2 expression and clinicopathological features and preoperative HCRT efficacy were examined.ResultsThe high and low KNPA2 expression groups were comprised of 91 (74.6%) and 31 CRC patients, respectively. A significant association was observed between high expression and lymphatic invasion (P = 0.0245). KPNA2 high expression group had decreased overall survival (P = 0.00374). Multivariate analysis demonstrated high KPNA2 expression was independently associated with poor prognosis. Histological examinations revealed 11 (84.6%) and 2 (15.4%) of cases were KPNA2 positive and negative, respectively. Pathological complete response (pCR) was observed in 9.1% of KPNA2‐positive cases and 100% of KPNA2‐negative cases.ConclusionHigh KPNA2 expression was found to be associated with poor prognosis and resistance to HCRT. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:213–217. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chronic rhinosinusitis identification in administrative databases and health surveys: A systematic review
Authors: Macdonald Kristian I. , Kilty Shaun J. , van Walraven Carl 
Published: December 2015

Objectives/HypothesisMuch of the epidemiological data on chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are based on large administrative databases and health surveys. The accuracy of CRS identification with these methods is unknown.MethodsA systematic review was performed to identify studies that measured the accuracy of CRS diagnoses in large administrative databases or within health surveys. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool was used to assess study quality.ResultsOf 512 abstracts initially identified, 122 were selected for full‐text review; only three studies (2.5%) measured the accuracy of CRS patient identification. In a single, large administrative database study with a CRS prevalence of 54.8%, a single International Classification of Diseases‐9th Revision diagnostic code for CRS had a positive predictive value (PPV) of only 34%. A diagnostic code algorithm identified CRS patients with a PPV of 91.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.3–95.1); in a population with a CRS prevalence of 5%, this algorithm had a PPV of 31%. In health survey studies having an estimated CRS prevalence of 25% to 46%, self‐reported symptom‐based CRS diagnosis had a PPV of 62% (95% CI, 50.2–72.1) when nasal endoscopy was the gold standard for CRS diagnosis, and 70% (95% CI, 57.4–80.8) when otolaryngologist‐based CRS diagnosis (after interview and nasal endoscopy) was the gold standard.ConclusionMost health administrative data and health surveys examining CRS did not consider the accuracy of case identification. For unselected populations, administrative data and health surveys using self‐reported diagnoses inaccurately identify patients with CRS. Epidemiological results based on such data should be interpreted with these results in mind. Laryngoscope, 126:1303–1310, 2016
In Vivo Imaging of Glycol Chitosan‐Based Nanogel Biodistribution
Authors: Pereira Paula , Correia Alexandra , Gama Francisco M. 
Published: December 2015

The preclinical development of nanomedicines raises several challenges and requires a comprehensive characterization. Among them is the evaluation of the biodistribution following systemic administration. In previous work, the biocompatibility and in vitro targeting ability of a glycol chitosan (GC) based nanogel have been validated. In the present study, its biodistribution in the mice is assessed, using near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging as a tool to track the nanogel over time, after intravenous administration. Rapid whole body biodistribution of both Cy5.5 labeled GC nanogel and free polymer is found at early times. It remains widespreadly distributed in the body at least up to 6 h postinjection and its concentration then decreases drastically after 24 h. Nanogel blood circulation half‐life lies around 2 h with the free linear GC polymer presenting lower blood clearance rate. After 24 h, the blood NIR fluorescence intensity associated with both samples decreases to insignificant values. NIR imaging of the organs shows that the nanogel had a body clearance time of ≈48 h, because at this time point a weak signal of NIR fluorescence is observed only in the kidneys. Hereupon it can be concluded that the engineered GC nanogel has a fairly long blood circulation time, suitable for biomedical applications, namely, drug delivery, simultaneously allowing efficient and quick body clearance.
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Reduction‐Sensitive Polymeric Micelles Based on Docetaxel‐Polymer Conjugates Via Disulfide Linker for Efficient Cancer Therapy
Authors: Guo Yuanyuan , Zhang Pei , Zhao Qingyun , Wang Kaiming , Luan Yuxia 
Published: December 2015

In this article, the low‐molecular weight biodegradable methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)‐poly (d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PP) is chosen as polymeric skeleton to be conjugated with docetaxel (DTX) by disulfide bond (PP‐SS‐DTX) to construct the reduction‐sensitive drug delivery system. The conjugates are synthesized via three steps and are further employed to physically load free DTX to develop the PP‐SS‐DTX/DTX micelles which exhibit many merits including high drug loading content, good stability, and stimuli‐sensitive release of drugs. The hydrodynamic diameter of PP‐SS‐DTX/DTX micelles determined by DLS is 112.3 nm. The hemolysis assay reveals the good blood compatibility of PP‐SS‐DTX/DTX micelles. In order to investigate the reductive sensitivity of PP‐SS‐DTX/DTX micelles, dithiothreitol (DTT) is added into the release medium and a programmed drug release mode is observed in the conjugated micelles. In vitro cytotoxity assay shows that the PP‐SS‐DTX/DTX micelles are more cytotoxic than that of free DTX solution for both MCF‐7 and B16F10 cancer cells. In addition, the PP‐SS‐DTX/DTX micelles also show a higher cellular uptake rate than that of free DTX. Hence, the prepared reduction‐sensitive PP‐SS‐DTX/DTX micelles are effective on inhibiting cancer cells compared with the free DTX which would be a promising carrier in cancer therapy.
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Chloride channel dysfunction study in myotonic dystrophy type 1 using repeated short exercise tests
Authors: Acket Blandine , Lepage Benoit , Maury Philippe , Arne‐Bes Marie‐Christine , Cintas Pascal 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis exploratory study aimed to evaluate the electrophysiological profiles of patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and to assess their correlations with genotype and phenotype.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with genetically confirmed DM1 were included. Global motor testing score, severity of myotonia, occurrence of cardiac disturbances, and CTG repeat number were recorded. All patients underwent repeated short exercise tests after 7 min of cooling.ResultsTwo trajectories could be distinguished following 3 periods of exercise, although most clearly following the third exercise period. Cardiac disturbances were more common among patients who had a B‐type trajectory (larger decrement in compound muscle potential amplitude and slower recovery) following the third exercise period.ConclusionsWhile the electrophysiological pattern in each profile appeared to confirm chloride muscle channel impairment, the B‐type trajectory may suggest dysfunction of other muscle channels in DM1 and their link with cardiac disturbances. Muscle Nerve 54: 104–109, 2016
Differences in the recruitment curves obtained with monopolar and bipolar electrode configurations in the quadriceps femoris
Authors: Rodriguez‐Falces Javier , Place Nicolas 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe sought to verify whether the stimulation intensity at which M‐wave amplitude reaches a plateau actually corresponds to full motor unit activation in monopolar and bipolar configurations.MethodsM‐waves and twitches were evoked using femoral nerve stimulation of gradually increasing intensity in 21 subjects. Recruitment curves corresponding to the amplitude of the first phase (AmpliFIRST) and peak‐to‐peak amplitude (AmpliPP) of the M‐wave were obtained in the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris in monopolar and bipolar configurations.ResultsIn all muscles, bipolar M‐waves and twitches reached plateau at a significantly lower stimulus intensity compared with monopolar M‐waves (P < 0.05). The different behavior of monopolar and bipolar M‐waves with stimulus intensity was found for both AmpliFIRST and AmpliPP.ConclusionsIn a bipolar configuration, the stimulus intensity at which M‐waves plateau should be increased by at least 10%–20% to achieve complete motor unit recruitment. Muscle Nerve 54: 118–131, 2016
Bach, Beethoven, and benefactors: Facebook engagement between symphonies and their stakeholders
Authors: Clark Anna F. , Maxwell Sarah P. , Anestaki Aikaterini 
Published: December 2015

This study analyzes Facebook engagement among the nation's symphonies and their stakeholder publics. Factors such as reliance on donor contributions, program revenues, government grants, investment income, and total assets are proposed as contributing factors in predicting effective stakeholder relations. Public relations scholarship emphasizes the significance of relationships between the organization and its stakeholders and argues that positive relationships are integral to organizational success. Stewardship theory suggests nonprofits rely on a number of tools, including relationship nurturing, to sustain relationships with supportive publics. Scholars have increasingly identified stewardship as an effective method by which to build and maintain relationships. This study assesses one particular aspect of stewardship – relationship nurturing – and the attributes of nonprofit organizations that are successfully cultivating relationships with their stakeholders via social media. We find that benefactors matter. As dependence on stakeholder contributions increases so does stakeholder engagement via Facebook. Findings regarding program revenues and total assets are also significant.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.