bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manganese neurotoxicity: behavioral disorders associated with dysfunctions in the basal ganglia and neurochemical transmission
Authors: Bouabid Safa , Tinakoua Anass , Lakhdar‐Ghazal Nouria , Benazzouz Abdelhamid 
Published: November 2015

AbstractManganese (Mn) is an essential element required for many physiological functions. While it is essential at physiological levels, excessive accumulation of Mn in the brain causes severe dysfunctions in the central nervous system known as manganism. Manganism is an extrapyramidal disorder characterized by motor disturbances associated with neuropsychiatric and cognitive disabilities similar to Parkinsonism. As the primary brain regions targeted by Mn are the basal ganglia, known to be involved in the pathophysiology of extrapyramidal disorders, this review will examine the impact of Mn exposure on the basal ganglia circuitry and neurotransmitters in relation to motor and non‐motor disorders. The collected data from recent available studies in humans and experimental animal models provide new information about the mechanisms by which Mn affects behavior, neurotransmitters, and basal ganglia function observed in manganism. The effects of the alterations of metals on basal ganglia and neurochemical functioning are critical to develop effective modalities not only for the treatment of vulnerable populations (e.g., Mn‐exposed workers) but also for understanding the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases where brain metal imbalances are involved, such as Parkinson's disease.
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We examine the impact of manganese (Mn) exposure on the basal ganglia circuitry and neurotransmitters in relation with motor and non‐motor disorders. The collected data from available studies show that when accumulated in the globus pallidus, Mn influences the subthalamic (STN) and substantia nigra (SN) neurons, which are at the origin of changes in the thalamus and the cortex.
Cholesterol‐rich lipid rafts are involved in neuropeptide FF anti‐nociceptin/orphanin FQ effect
Authors: Ding Zhong , Zajac Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe participation of a signaling platform to the anti‐nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) effect of neuropeptide FF (NPFF) receptors was investigated in both acutely dissociated neurons and SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The NPFF anti‐N/OFQ, not anti‐μ opioid effect, on the Ca2+ transient triggered by depolarization was reversed by methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin which depletes cholesterol from cell membranes. While the inactive α‐cyclodextrin had no effect. By using [35S]GTPγS binding assay, a significant 20% decrease in the activity of nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptors induced by the NPFF analog 1DMe was observed in detergent‐resistant membranes, but not in total membranes of SH‐SY5Y cells. Moreover, siRNA knock‐down of G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 indicated that G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2, but not protein kinase C, acted as the mediator in the NPFF anti‐N/OFQ process. These data indicate that cholesterol‐rich lipid rafts play an important role in the anti‐N/OFQ effect of NPFF receptors.
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We proposed the participation of a signaling platform to the anti‐Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) effect of Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) receptors both in mouse neurons and SH‐SY5Y cells, with GRK2 protein acting as the mediator in this process. These findings should provide a more precise way to understand the anti‐opioid effect of NPFF. NOP, Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ peptide.
Regular source of primary care and emergency department use of children in Victoria
Authors: Turbitt Erin , Freed Gary Lee 
Published: November 2015

AimThe aim of this paper was to study the prevalence of a regular source of primary care for Victorian children attending one of four emergency departments (EDs) and to determine associated characteristics, including ED use.MethodsResponses were collected via an electronic survey from parents attending EDs with their child (≤9 years of age) for a lower‐urgency condition. Single, multiple choice, and Likert scale responses were analysed using bivariate and logistic regression tests.ResultsOf the 1146 parents who provided responses, 80% stated their child has a regular source of primary care. Of these, care is mostly received by a general practitioner (GP) (95%) in GP group practices (71%). Approximately 20% have changed where their child receives primary care in the last year. No associations were observed between having a regular source of primary care and frequency of ED attendance in the past 12 months, although parents whose child did not have a regular source of primary care were more likely to view the ED as a more convenient place to receive care than the primary care provider (39% without regular source vs. 18% with regular source; P < 0.0001). Children were less likely to have a regular source of primary care if their parents were younger, had a lower household income, lower education, and were visiting a hospital in a lower socio‐economic indexes for areas rank.ConclusionsPolicy options to improve continuity of care for children may require investigation. Increasing the prevalence of regular source of primary care for children may in turn reduce ED visits.
Melatonin facilitates adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells to repair the murine infarcted heartviathe SIRT1 signaling pathway
Authors: Han Dong , Huang Wei , Li Xiang , Gao Lei , Su Tao , Li Xiujuan , Ma Sai , Liu Tong , Li Congye , Chen Jiangwei , Gao Erhe , Cao Feng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)‐based therapy provides a promising therapy for the ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, engraftedMSCs are subjected to acute cell death in the ischemic microenvironment, characterized by excessive inflammation and oxidative stress in the host's infarcted myocardium. Melatonin, an indole, which is produced by many organs including pineal gland, has been shown to protect bone marrowMSCs against apoptosis although the mechanism of action remains elusive. Using a murine model of myocardial infarction (MI), this study was designed to evaluate the impact of melatonin on adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD‐MSCs)‐based therapy forMIand the underlying mechanism involved with a focus on silent information regulator 1(SIRT1) signaling. Our results demonstrated that melatonin promoted functional survival ofAD‐MSCs in infarcted heart and provoked a synergetic effect withAD‐MSCs to restore heart function. This in vivo effect of melatonin was associated with alleviated inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in infarcted heart. In vitro studies revealed that melatonin exert cytoprotective effects onAD‐MSCs against hypoxia/serum deprivation (H/SD) injuryviaattenuating inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, melatonin enhancedSIRT1 signaling, which was accompanied with the increased expression of anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl2, and decreased the expression of Ac‐FoxO1, Ac‐p53, Ac‐NF‐ΚB, and Bax. Taken together, our findings indicated that melatonin facilitatedAD‐MSCs‐based therapy inMI, possibly through promoting survival ofAD‐MSCsviaSIRT1 signaling. Our data support the promise of melatonin as a novel strategy to improveMSC‐based therapy forIHD, possibly throughSIRT1 signaling evocation.
The suitability of some blood gas and biochemical parameters as diagnostic tools or early indicators of ascites syndrome in broiler sire lines
Authors: Hasanpur K. , Nassiri M. R. , Hosseini Salekdeh G. , Vaez Torshizi R. , Pakdel A. , Kermanshahi H. , Naghous M. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn recent few years, there have been some attempts to find a reliable indicator trait as a selection criterion against susceptibility to ascites syndrome (AS). Blood parameters were of great interest as they could be measured in live animals without implementing an ascites‐inducing challenge (AIC). In this work, the suitability of some blood parameters was evaluated for diagnosing AS‐susceptible chicks in later steps of the disease in trial 1 as well as their early predictive ability in trial 2. In the first trial, one hundred 1‐day‐old chicks from two pure broiler lines namely S1 and S2 and, in the second trial, 226 1‐day‐old chicks from line S2 were subjected to AIC. Saline drinking water (1200 mg/l) and lower‐than‐standard ambient temperatures were the implemented AICs in trials 1 and 2 respectively. The blood parameters including pH, partial pressure of O2 (pO2), partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), bicarbonate ion concentration (BIC), percentage of haematocrit (HCT) and saturated haemoglobin (SaO2) were measured twice per each bird at days 28 and 35 in trial 1 and once in trial 2 at day 21. The results of the first trial revealed that in line S2 some of the blood parameters differed significantly between the ascitic and non‐ascitic groups following exposure to AIC. In this line, the incidence of AS was accompanied by a lower pO2, SaO2 and BIC, while with higher pCO2 and HCT values. In the second trial, however, although almost all of the parameters showed meaningful differences between the ascitic and non‐ascitic broilers, only mean difference of BIC parameter was statistically significant. The general conclusion of this study is that the blood parameters can somewhat have diagnostic ability in the condition in which the AIC is already present, whereas the results did not approve their usefulness as early predictors of AS.
Intestinal Leiomyositis: A Cause of Chronic Intestinal Pseudo‐Obstruction in 6 Dogs
Authors: Zacuto A.C. , Pesavento P.A. , Hill S. , McAlister A. , Rosenthal K. , Cherbinsky O. , Marks S.L. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundIntestinal leiomyositis is a suspected autoimmune disorder affecting the muscularis propria layer of the gastrointestinal tract and is a cause of chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction in humans and animals.ObjectiveTo characterize the clinical presentation, histopathologic features, and outcome of dogs with intestinal leiomyositis in an effort to optimize treatment and prognosis.AnimalsSix client‐owned dogs.MethodsRetrospective case series. Medical records were reviewed to describe signalment, clinicopathologic and imaging findings, histopathologic diagnoses, treatment, and outcome. All biopsy specimens were reviewed by a board‐certified pathologist.ResultsMedian age of dogs was 5.4 years (range, 15 months–9 years). Consistent clinical signs included vomiting (6/6), regurgitation (2/6), and small bowel diarrhea (3/6). Median duration of clinical signs before presentation was 13 days (range, 5–150 days). Diagnostic imaging showed marked gastric distension with dilated small intestines in 4/6 dogs. Full‐thickness intestinal biopsies were obtained in all dogs by laparotomy. Histopathology of the stomach and intestines disclosed mononuclear inflammation, myofiber degeneration and necrosis, and fibrosis centered within the region of myofiber loss in the intestinal muscularis propria. All dogs received various combinations of immunomodulatory and prokinetic treatment, antimicrobial agents, antiemetics, andIVfluids, but none of the dogs showed a clinically relevant improvement with treatment. Median survival was 19 days after diagnosis (range, 3–270 days).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIntestinal leiomyositis is a cause of intestinal pseudo‐obstruction and must be diagnosed by full‐thickness intestinal biopsy. This disease should be considered in dogs with acute and chronic vomiting, regurgitation, and small bowel diarrhea.
Cost‐effectiveness of Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir, Dasabuvir+Ribavirin for US Post‐Liver Transplant Recurrent Genotype 1 HCV
Authors: Saab Sammy , Gonzalez Yuri S. , Huber Caroline , Wang Alice , Juday Timothy 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsOrthotopic liver transplant patients with recurrent hepatitis C (HCV) historically have had limited treatment options. Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, dasabuvir and ribavirin (3D+R) was approved by the FDA in December 2014 for liver transplant recipients with recurrent genotype 1 HCV, in whom it is effective and well‐tolerated.MethodsUsing a two‐phase Markov model, we analysed the cost‐effectiveness of 3D+R in liver transplant recipients, the only HCV treatment with FDA approval in this population. As a sensitivity analysis, we also considered the cost‐effectiveness of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin, the only other therapy with data from Phase III trials in this population. Patients were given one of three options: 3D+R for 24 weeks, pegylated interferon and ribavirin for 48 weeks (PR48) or no treatment (NT). Patients were then followed through subsequent disease progression until death. Outcome measures analysed were: lifetime risks of liver morbidity and mortality, treatment costs, non‐treatment medical expenditures, and quality‐adjusted life years.ResultsTreatment with 3D+R was associated with a significantly lower lifetime risk of liver‐related morbidity and mortality than treatment with PR48 or NT. 3D+R also was associated with a higher gain in quality‐adjusted life years (11.3 compared to 8.25 with NT) and lower discounted overall costs ($423 585 compared to $724 757 with NT).ConclusionsThe use of 3D+R for liver transplant recipients with recurrent HCV is an outcome‐improving and cost‐effective regimen for this population with limited treatment options and large unmet need.
A metagenetic approach to determine the diversity and distribution of cyst nematodes at the level of the country, the field and the individual
Authors: Eves‐van den Akker Sebastian , Lilley Catherine J. , Reid Alex , Pickup Jon , Anderson Eric , Cock Peter J.A. , Blaxter Mark , Urwin Peter E. , Jones John T. , Blok Vivian C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDistinct populations of the potato cyst nematode (PCN) Globodera pallida exist in the UK that differ in their ability to overcome various sources of resistance. An efficient method for distinguishing between populations would enable pathogen‐informed cultivar choice in the field. Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture (SASA) annually undertake national DNA diagnostic tests to determine the presence of PCN in potato seed and ware land by extracting DNA from soil floats. These DNA samples provide a unique resource for monitoring the distribution of PCN and further interrogation of the diversity within species.We identify a region of mitochondrial DNA descriptive of three main groups of G. pallida present in the UK and adopt a metagenetic approach to the sequencing and analysis of all SASA samples simultaneously. Using this approach, we describe the distribution of G. pallida mitotypes across Scotland with field‐scale resolution. Most fields contain a single mitotype, one‐fifth contain a mix of mitotypes, and less than 3% contain all three mitotypes. Within mixed fields, we were able to quantify the relative abundance of each mitotype across an order of magnitude. Local areas within mixed fields are dominated by certain mitotypes and indicate towards a complex underlying ‘pathoscape’. Finally, we assess mitotype distribution at the level of the individual cyst and provide evidence of ‘hybrids’. This study provides a method for accurate, quantitative and high‐throughput typing of up to one thousand fields simultaneously, while revealing novel insights into the national genetic variability of an economically important plant parasite.
Genomic signature of successful colonization of Eurasia by the allopolyploid shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa‐pastoris)
Authors: Cornille A. , Salcedo A. , Kryvokhyzha D. , Glémin S. , Holm K. , Wright S. I. , Lascoux M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPolyploidization is a dominant feature of flowering plant evolution. However, detailed genomic analyses of the interpopulation diversification of polyploids following genome duplication are still in their infancy, mainly because of methodological limits, both in terms of sequencing and computational analyses. The shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa‐pastoris) is one of the most common weed species in the world. It is highly self‐fertilizing, and recent genomic data indicate that it is an allopolyploid, resulting from hybridization between the ancestors of the diploid species Capsella grandiflora and Capsella orientalis. Here, we investigated the genomic diversity of C. bursa‐pastoris, its population structure and demographic history, following allopolyploidization in Eurasia. To that end, we genotyped 261 C. bursa‐pastoris accessions spread across Europe, the Middle East and Asia, using genotyping‐by‐sequencing, leading to a total of 4274 SNPs after quality control. Bayesian clustering analyses revealed three distinct genetic clusters in Eurasia: one cluster grouping samples from Western Europe and Southeastern Siberia, the second one centred on Eastern Asia and the third one in the Middle East. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) supported the hypothesis that C. bursa‐pastoris underwent a typical colonization history involving low gene flow among colonizing populations, likely starting from the Middle East towards Europe and followed by successive human‐mediated expansions into Eastern Asia. Altogether, these findings bring new insights into the recent multistage colonization history of the allotetraploid C. bursa‐pastoris and highlight ABC and genotyping‐by‐sequencing data as promising but still challenging tools to infer demographic histories of selfing allopolyploids.
Geography and end use drive the diversification of worldwide winter rye populations
Authors: Parat Florence , Schwertfirm Grit , Rudolph Ulrike , Miedaner Thomas , Korzun Viktor , Bauer Eva , Schön Chris‐Carolin , Tellier Aurélien 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTo meet the current challenges in human food production, improved understanding of the genetic diversity of crop species that maximizes the selection efficacy in breeding programs is needed. The present study offers new insights into the diversity, genetic structure and demographic history of cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.). We genotyped 620 individuals from 14 global rye populations with a different end use (grain or forage) at 32 genome‐wide simple sequence repeat markers. We reveal the relationships among these populations, their sizes and the timing of domestication events using population genetics and model‐based inference with approximate Bayesian computation. Our main results demonstrate (i) a high within‐population variation and genetic diversity, (ii) an unexpected absence of reduction in diversity with an increasing improvement level and (iii) patterns suggestive of multiple domestication events. We suggest that the main drivers of diversification of winter rye are the end use of rye in two early regions of cultivation: rye forage in the Mediterranean area and grain in northeast Europe. The lower diversity and stronger differentiation of eastern European populations were most likely due to more intensive cultivation and breeding of rye in this region, in contrast to the Mediterranean region where it was considered a secondary crop or even a weed. We discuss the relevance of our results for the management of gene bank resources and the pitfalls of inference methods applied to crop domestication due to violation of model assumptions and model complexity.
The impact of an inverse climate–isotope relationship in soil water on the oxygen‐isotope composition of Larix gmelinii in Siberia
Authors: Saurer Matthias , Kirdyanov Alexander V. , Prokushkin Anatoly S. , Rinne Katja T. , Siegwolf Rolf T. W. 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Stable oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) in trees from high latitude ecosystems are valuable sources of information for recent and past environmental changes, but the interpretation is hampered by the complex hydrology of forests growing under permafrost conditions, where only a shallow layer of soil thaws in summer.

We investigated larch trees (Larix gmelinii) at two sites with contrasting soil conditions in Siberia and determined δ18O of water from different soil depths, roots, twigs, and needles as well as δ18O of soluble carbohydrates regularly over two growing seasons.

A comparison of results from the 2 yrs revealed an unexpected ‘inverse’ climate‐isotope relationship, as dry and warm summer conditions resulted in lower soil and root δ18O values. This was due to a stronger uptake of isotopically depleted water pools originating from melted permafrost or previous winter snow. We developed a conceptual framework that considers the dependence of soil water profiles on climatic conditions for explaining δ18O in needle water, needle soluble carbohydrates and stem cellulose.

The negative feedback of drought conditions on the source isotope value could explain decreasing tree‐ring δ18O trends in a warming climate and is likely relevant in many ecosystems, where a soil isotope gradient with depth is observed.
The Craterostigma plantagineum glycine‐rich protein CpGRP1 interacts with a cell wall‐associated protein kinase 1 (CpWAK1) and accumulates in leaf cell walls during dehydration
Authors: Giarola Valentino , Krey Stephanie , von den Driesch Barbara , Bartels Dorothea 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Craterostigma plantagineum tolerates extreme desiccation. Leaves of this plant shrink and extensively fold during dehydration and expand again during rehydration, preserving their structural integrity. Genes were analysed that may participate in the reversible folding mechanism.

Analysis of transcripts abundantly expressed in desiccated leaves identified a gene putatively coding for an apoplastic glycine‐rich protein (CpGRP1). We studied the expression, regulation and subcellular localization of CpGRP1 and its ability to interact with a cell wall‐associated protein kinase (CpWAK1) to understand the role of CpGRP1 in the cell wall during dehydration.

The CpGRP1 protein accumulates in the apoplast of desiccated leaves. Analysis of the promoter revealed that the gene expression is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level, is independent of abscisic acid (ABA) and involves a drought‐responsive cis‐element (DRE). CpGRP1 interacts with CpWAK1 which is down‐regulated in response to dehydration.

Our data suggest a role of the CpGRP1–CpWAK1 complex in dehydration‐induced morphological changes in the cell wall during dehydration in C. plantagineum. Cell wall pectins and dehydration‐induced pectin modifications are predicted to be involved in the activity of the CpGRP1–CpWAK1 complex.