bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydroxylamine‐dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) by “Candidatus Brocadia sinica”
Authors: Oshiki Mamoru , Ali Muhammad , Shinyako‐Hata Kaori , Satoh Hisashi , Okabe Satoshi 
Published: April 2016

SummaryAlthough metabolic pathways and associated enzymes of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) of ‘Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’ have been studied, those of other anammox bacteria are still poorly understood.
reduction to NO is considered to be the first step in the anammox metabolism of ‘Ca. K. stuttgartiensis’, however, ‘Ca. Brocadia’ lacks the genes that encode canonical NO‐forming nitrite reductases (NirS or NirK) in its genome, which is different from ‘Ca. K. stuttgartiensis’. Here, we studied the anammox metabolism of ‘Ca. Brocadia sinica’. 15N‐tracer experiments demonstrated that ‘Ca. B. sinica’ cells could reduce
to NH2OH, instead of NO, with as yet unidentified nitrite reductase(s). Furthermore, N2H4 synthesis, downstream reaction of
reduction, was investigated using a purified ‘Ca. B. sinica' hydrazine synthase (Hzs) and intact cells. Both the ‘Ca. B. sinica’ Hzs and cells utilized NH2OH and
, but not NO and
, for N2H4 synthesis and further oxidized N2H4 to N2 gas. Taken together, the metabolic pathway of ‘Ca. B. sinica’ is NH2OH‐dependent and different from the one of ‘Ca. K. stuttgartiensis’, indicating metabolic diversity of anammox bacteria.
Comparative and transcriptional analysis of the predicted secretome in the lignocellulose‐degrading basidiomycete fungus Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Alfaro Manuel , Castanera Raúl , Lavín José L. , Grigoriev Igor V. , Oguiza José A. , Ramírez Lucía , Pisabarro Antonio G. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryFungi interact with their environment by secreting proteins to obtain nutrients, elicit responses and modify their surroundings. Because the set of proteins secreted by a fungus is related to its lifestyle, it should be possible to use it as a tool to predict fungal lifestyle. To test this hypothesis, we bioinformatically identified 538 and 554 secretable proteins in the monokaryotic strains PC9 and PC15 of the white rot basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus. Functional annotation revealed unknown functions (37.2%), glycosyl hydrolases (26.5%) and redox enzymes (11.5%) as the main groups in the two strains. When these results were combined with RNA‐seq analyses, we found that the relative importance of each group was different in different strains and culture conditions and the relevance of the unknown function proteins was enhanced. Only a few genes were actively expressed in a given culture condition in expanded multigene families, suggesting that family expansi on could increase adaptive opportunities rather than activity under a specific culture condition. Finally, we used the set of P. ostreatus secreted proteins as a query to search their counterparts in other fungal genomes and found that the secretome profiles cluster the tested basidiomycetes into lifestyle rather than phylogenetic groups.
Financial Centre and Monetary Outsider: How Precarious is the UK's Position in the EU?
Authors: Schelkle Waltraud 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe UK's negotiating position in the area of ‘economic governance’ started from the assumption that there is a deep dividing line between insiders and outsiders of the ‘euro zone’. To protect the outsiders, the UK government did not ask for a veto, but for a safeguard mechanism that can postpone a decision in the euro area. This is exactly what David Cameron achieved in the negotiations with Council President Tusk. This article explains why the UK demands were so modest. Key is the peculiar situation of the UK being the major financial centre for a currency union to which it does not belong. Hence, the UK taxpayer needs protection from the City, and EU membership has helped to provide this. There is not much else a UK government could ask for.
Similar but different: differences in comprehension diagnosis on the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability and the York Assessment of Reading for Comprehension
Authors: Colenbrander Danielle , Nickels Lyndsey , Kohnen Saskia 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundIdentifying reading comprehension difficulties is challenging. There are many comprehension tests to choose from, and a child's diagnosis can be influenced by various factors such as a test's format and content and the choice of diagnostic criteria. We investigate these issues with reference to the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability (NARA) and the York Assessment of Reading for Comprehension (YARC).MethodsNinety‐five children were assessed on both tests. Test characteristics were compared using Principal Components and Regression analyses as well as an analysis of passage content.ResultsNARA comprehension scores were more dependent on decoding skills than YARC scores, but children answered more comprehension questions on the NARA and passages spanned a wider range of difficulty. Consequently, 15–34% of children received different diagnoses across tests, depending on diagnostic criteria.ConclusionKnowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of comprehension tests is essential when attempting to diagnose reading comprehension difficulties.
Relevance of the Functional Properties of Enzymatic Plant Protein Hydrolysates in Food Systems
Authors: Wouters Arno G.B. , Rombouts Ine , Fierens Ellen , Brijs Kristof , Delcour Jan A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractProteins play a crucial role in determining texture and structure of many food products. Although some animal proteins (such as egg white) have excellent functional and organoleptic properties, unfortunately, they entail a higher production cost and environmental impact than plant proteins. It is rather unfortunate that plant protein functionality is often insufficient because of low solubility in aqueous media. Enzymatic hydrolysis strongly increases solubility of proteins and alters their functional properties. The latter is attributed to 3 major structural changes: a decrease in average molecular mass, a higher availability of hydrophobic regions, and the liberation of ionizable groups. We here review current knowledge on solubility, water‐ and fat‐holding capacity, gelation, foaming, and emulsifying properties of plant protein hydrolysates and discuss how these properties are affected by controlled enzymatic hydrolysis. In many cases, research in this field has been limited to fairly simple set‐ups where functionality has been assessed in model systems. To evolve toward a more widely applied industrial use of plant protein hydrolysates, a more thorough understanding of functional properties is required. The structure–function relationship of protein hydrolysates needs to be studied in depth. Finally, test model systems closer to real food processing conditions, and thus to real foods, would be helpful to evaluate whether plant protein hydrolysates could be a viable alternative for other functional protein sources.
Findings of the margin around lesions by magnifying endoscopy with narrow‐band imaging in early gastric carcinoma and intestinal metaplasia
Authors: Hamada Kazu , Itoh Tohru , Kawaura Ken , Azukisawa Sadafumi , Kobayashi Rika , Okamura Hideyuki , Kitakata Hidekazu , Urashima Sachio , Nojima Takayuki , Fujino Masayuki A 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveMany endoscopists have reported their own classifications of early gastric carcinoma (EGC) using magnifying narrow‐band imaging (M‐NBI). However, few reports on classifying the margin around lesions by M‐NBI have been published. The aim of this study was to advocate the usefulness of the demarcation area classification for the diagnosis of EGC.MethodsAltogether 197 lesions that could be investigated by M‐NBI were included in this study, consisting of 115 EGC and 82 intestinal metaplasias (IM). We hypothesized that the changes in white zone (fusion and erasure signs) and blood vessel (extend and draw sign) were the indications of EGC and we retrospectively investigated this hypothesis.ResultsFor the investigation of the white zone in the demarcation area, both fusion (P < 0.0001) and erasure signs (P < 0.0001) were observed more often in EGC than in IM, with an accuracy of 80.7%. For the investigation of blood vessel in the demarcation area, both the extend (P < 0.001) and the draw sign (P < 0.0001) were observed more often in EGC than in IM, with an accuracy of 59.9%.ConclusionEstimations of the white zone and blood vessels in the demarcation area are useful for the diagnosis of EGC.
Desmopressin after cardiac surgery in bleeding patients. A multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Bignami E. , Cattaneo M. , Crescenzi G. , Ranucci M. , Guarracino F. , Cariello C. , Baldassarri R. , Isgrò G. , Baryshnikova E. , Fano G. , Franco A. , Gerli C. , Crivellari M. , Zangrillo A. , Landoni G. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundPrevious studies showed that desmopressin decreases post‐operative blood loss in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. These studies were small and never studied the effect of desmopressin in patients with active bleeding. Objective of the study was to determine whether desmopressin reduces red blood cells transfusion requirements in patients with active bleeding after cardiac surgery who had been pre‐treated with tranexamic acid.MethodsThis multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study randomized elective patients with bleeding after cardiac surgery despite pre‐treatment with tranexamic acid, to receive placebo (saline solution) or a single administration of desmopressin (0.3 μg/kg in saline solution). The primary endpoint was the number of patients requiring red blood cells transfusion after randomization and during hospital stay. Secondary end points were: blood loss from chest tubes during the first 24 h after study drug administration, hours of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay, and in‐hospital mortality.ResultsThe study was interrupted after inclusion of 67% of the planned patients for futility. The number of patients requiring red blood cells transfusion after randomization was 37/68 (54%) in desmopressin group and 33/67 (49%) in placebo group (P = 0.34) with no difference in blood loss: 575 (interquartile 422–770) ml in desmopressin group and 590 (476–1013) ml in placebo group (P = 0.42), mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay or mortality.ConclusionsThis multicenter randomized trial demonstrated that, in patients pre‐treated with tranexamic acid, desmopressin should not be expected to improve treatment of patients who experience bleeding after cardiac surgery.
Burden of allergy diets in Finnish day care reduced by change in practices
Authors: Erkkola M. , Saloheimo T. , Hauta‐alus H. , Kukkonen A. K. , Virta S. , Kronberg‐Kippilä C. , Vaara E. , Pelkonen A. S. , Fogelholm M. , Mäkelä M. J. ,   the LILLA study group
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundNonessential allergy diets in children with mild symptoms may harm the development of immunological tolerance and impose a burden on families and day care. We aimed to reduce the high prevalence of allergy diets in day care by reforming the practices for inquiring about need of special diets from parents.MethodsWe developed a new special diet form and an information leaflet based on the new allergy guidelines. The new form was implemented into 40 Finnish day care centres in the capital region in 2013–2015. The questionnaires on practices concerning special diets in day care centres and allergy knowledge were collected from the personnel.ResultsAfter 2 years, the new special diet form was used by 64% of families with food‐allergic children, and the prevalence of allergy diets in day care centres decreased by 43% to 4.3% (IQ range 3.05–5.96). A significant decrease was found in the prevalence of all basic (milk, grains, egg) and most other allergy diets (P for trend < 0.01). The new practice was well accepted by day care and kitchen personnel. Lack of updated allergy knowledge was noted among day care personnel.ConclusionsThe burden of allergy diets in day care settings could be decreased by simple pragmatic changes based on current allergy guidelines. Old allergy attitudes persisted among day care personnel, indicating the need for continuous education.
The effect of maneuvers for shoulder delivery on perineal trauma: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aabakke Anna J.M. , Willer Hanne , Krebs Lone 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionApproximately 85% of vaginal deliveries are accompanied by perineal trauma. The objective of this trial was to compare the incidence of perineal trauma after primary delivery of either the anterior or posterior shoulder during vaginal delivery.Material and methodsThis was a randomized single‐blinded trial comparing primary delivery of either the anterior or posterior shoulder in women having their first vaginal delivery. Primary outcome was any perineal trauma. Results were analyzed according to the intention‐to‐treat principle and supplemented with a per‐protocol and as‐treated analysis.ResultsBetween June 2013 and March 2015, 650 women were randomized, and 543 (posterior, n = 281; anterior, n = 262) were included in the final intention‐to‐treat analysis. Most group characteristics were similar. The frequency of any perineal trauma did not differ between the two groups (posterior: 91.5%, anterior: 90.5%; odds ratio 1.130, 95% confidence interval 0.628‒2.032, p = 0.684). The results did not change after adjustment for basic characteristics with significant group differences (a1odds ratio 1.174, 95% confidence interval 0.632‒2.179, p = 0.612) or predefined risk factors (a2odds ratio 1.139, 95% confidence interval 0.599‒2.166, p = 0.691). The rate of perineal trauma also did not differ between the groups in a “per‐protocol” and “as‐treated” analysis.ConclusionsThere was no difference in the degree of perineal trauma after primary delivery of either the anterior or posterior shoulder. Consequently both maneuvers for shoulder delivery can be used at vaginal delivery, but further trials are warranted before certain methods can be recommended.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) therapy attenuates left ventricular dysfunction and metabolic disturbance by improving FGF21 sensitivity, cardiac mitochondrial redox homoeostasis and structural changes in pre‐diabetic rats
Authors: Tanajak P. , Sa‐nguanmoo P. , Wang X. , Liang G. , Li X. , Jiang C. , Chattipakorn S. C. , Chattipakorn N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimsFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) acts as a metabolic regulator and exerts cardioprotective effects. However, the effects of long‐term FGF21 administration on the heart under the FGF21‐resistant condition in obese, insulin‐resistant rats have not been investigated. We hypothesized that long‐term FGF21 administration reduces FGF21 resistance and insulin resistance and attenuates cardiac dysfunction in obese, insulin‐resistant rats.MethodsEighteen rats were fed on either a normal diet (n = 6) or a high‐fat diet (HFD; n = 12) for 12 weeks. Then, rats in the HFD group were divided into two subgroups (n = 6 per subgroup) and received either the vehicle (HFV) or recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21, 0.1 mg kg−1 day−1; HFF) injected intraperitoneally for 28 days. The metabolic parameters, inflammation, malondialdehyde (MDA), heart rate variability (HRV), left ventricular (LV) function, cardiac mitochondrial redox homoeostasis, cardiac mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation (FAO) and anti‐apoptotic signalling pathways were determined.ResultsHFV rats had increased dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, plasma FGF21 levels, TNF‐α, adiponectin and MDA, depressed HRV, and impaired LV and mitochondrial function. HFV rats also had decreased cardiac Bcl‐2, cardiac PGC‐1α and CPT‐1 protein expression. However, FGF21 restored metabolic parameters, decreased TNF‐α and MDA, increased serum adiponectin, and improved HRV, cardiac mitochondrial and LV function in HFF rats. Moreover, HFF rats had increased cardiac Bcl‐2, cardiac PGC‐1α and CPT‐1 protein expression.ConclusionLong‐term FGF21 therapy attenuates FGF21 resistance and insulin resistance and exerts cardioprotection by improving cardiometabolic regulation via activating anti‐apoptotic and cardiac mitochondrial FAO signalling pathways in obese, insulin‐resistant rats.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients with hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance
Authors: Liu F. , Wang X.‐W. , Chen L. , Hu P. , Ren H. , Hu H.‐D. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe seroclearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is considered to be associated with favourable clinical outcomes. However, previous studies with inconsistent findings reported that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could still develop in those patients.AimTo establish the proportion of HCC occurrence in CHB patients after HBsAg seroclearance, a systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed.MethodsDatabases of Medline, Web of Science and Embase were searched from inception to July 2015. The proportion of patients who developed HCC after HBsAg seroclearance was pooled by a random‐effects model.ResultsTwenty‐eight studies were finally included, involving 34 952 patients with HBsAg seroclearance. The overall pooled proportion suggested that 2.29% (95% CI: 1.19–4.37%) CHB patients would develop HCC despite HBsAg seroclearance. In HBsAg seroclearance patients without cirrhosis and HCV co‐infection, the pooled proportion of HCC development was 1.55% (95% CI: 0.92–2.61%). Moreover, patients with cirrhosis or age greater than 50 years at the time of HBsAg seroclearance were at significantly higher risk for HCC development. Nonetheless, the seroclearance of HBsAg was significantly associated with a reduced risk for HCC compared with persistently positive HBsAg (RR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20–0.56, P < 0.001).ConclusionsDespite that HBsAg seroclearance can significantly reduce the risk for HCC, HCC can still develop in a proportion of CHB patient after HBsAg seroclearance. Closer attention should be paid to those patients with established cirrhosis or older age than 50 years at the time of HBsAg seroclearance.
Laparoscopic repair of left paraduodenal hernia: Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Kulkarni Gaurav V , Salgaonkar Hrishikesh P , Sharma Pradeep Chandra , Chakkarvarty Nippun R , Katara Avinash N , Bhandarkar Deepraj S 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInternal hernia is the cause of only 1% of intestinal obstructions, and left paraduodenal hernias (PDH) comprise about 50% of these cases. As the presentation of PDH is varied, diagnosis is often delayed. Here, we report two patients with left PDH presenting in a subacute manner and diagnosed rapidly with the help of a CT scan. Both underwent successful laparoscopic repair; one patient had closure of the defect, and the other required excision of the sac prior to the closure. We review 21 cases of left PDH treated laparoscopically that were previously reported in the literature, including 14 from Asian countries.
Monotherapy with pixantrone in histologically confirmed relapsed or refractory aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: post‐hoc analyses from a phase III trial
Authors: Pettengell Ruth , Sebban Catherine , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Derigs Hans Gunter , Kravchenko Sergey , Singer Jack W. , Theocharous Panteli , Wang Lixia , Pavlyuk Mariya , Makhloufi Kahina M. , Coiffier Bertrand 
Published: April 2016

This post hoc analysis of a phase 3 trial explored the effect of pixantrone in patients (50 pixantrone, 47 comparator) with relapsed or refractory aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) confirmed by centralized histological review. Patients received 28‐d cycles of 85 mg/m2 pixantrone dimaleate (equivalent to 50 mg/m2 in the approved formulation) on days 1, 8 and 15, or comparator. The population was subdivided according to previous rituximab use and whether they received the study treatment as 3rd or 4th line. Median number of cycles was 4 (range, 2–6) with pixantrone and 3 (2–6) with comparator. In 3rd or 4th line, pixantrone was associated with higher complete response (CR) (23·1% vs. 5·1% comparator, P = 0·047) and overall response rate (ORR, 43·6% vs. 12·8%, P = 0·005). In 3rd or 4th line with previous rituximab (20 pixantrone, 18 comparator), pixantrone produced better ORR (45·0% vs. 11·1%, P = 0·033), CR (30·0% vs. 5·6%, P = 0·093) and progression‐free survival (median 5·4 vs. 2·8 months, hazard ratio 0·52, 95% confidence interval 0·26–1·04) than the comparator. Similar results were found in patients without previous rituximab. There were no unexpected safety issues. Pixantrone monotherapy is more effective than comparator in relapsed or refractory aggressive B‐cell NHL in the 3rd or 4th line setting, independently of previous rituximab.
A prognostic model for survival after salvage treatment with FLAG‐Ida +/− gemtuzumab‐ozogamicine in adult patients with refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Bergua Juan M. , Montesinos Pau , Martinez‐Cuadrón David , Fernández‐Abellán Pascual , Serrano Josefina , Sayas María J. , Prieto‐Fernandez Julio , García Raimundo , García‐Huerta Ana J. , Barrios Manuel , Benavente Celina , Pérez‐Encinas Manuel , Simiele Adriana , Rodríguez‐Macias Gabriela , Herrera‐Puente Pilar , Rodríguez‐Veiga Rebeca , Martínez‐Sánchez María P. , Amador‐Barciela María L. , Riaza‐Grau Rosalía , Sanz Miguel A. ,   the PETHEMA group
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe combination of fludarabine, cytarabine, idarubicin, and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (FLAG‐Ida) is widely used in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We retrospectively analysed the results of 259 adult AML patients treated as first salvage with FLAG‐Ida or FLAG‐Ida plus Gentuzumab‐Ozogamicin (FLAGO‐Ida) of the Programa Español de Tratamientos en Hematología (PETHEMA) database, developing a prognostic score system of survival in this setting (SALFLAGE score). Overall, 221 patients received FLAG‐Ida and 38 FLAGO‐Ida; 92 were older than 60 years. The complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) rate was 51%, with 9% of induction deaths. Three covariates were associated with lower CR/CRi: high‐risk cytogenetics and t(8;21) at diagnosis, no previous allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) and relapse‐free interval <1 year. Allo‐SCT was performed in second CR in 60 patients (23%). The median overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 0·7 years, with 22% OS at 5‐years. Four independent variables were used to construct the score: cytogenetics, FLT3‐internal tandem duplication, length of relapse‐free interval and previous allo‐SCT. Using this stratification system, three groups were defined: favourable (26% of patients), intermediate (29%) and poor‐risk (45%), with an expected 5‐year OS of 52%, 26% and 7%, respectively. The SALFLAGE score discriminated a subset of patients with an acceptable long‐term outcome using FLAG‐Ida/FLAGO‐Ida regimen. The results of this retrospective analysis should be validated in independent external cohorts.
From “Squatter” to Homesteader: Being Hawaiian in an American City
Authors: SCHACHTER JUDITH 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPapakōlea, a neighborhood at the edge of downtown Honolulu, was granted legal status as a Hawaiian Homestead in 1934. The urban homestead represented an important departure from the 1921 Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, a congressional act whose purpose was to “rehabilitate” Native Hawaiians by returning them to the land. My paper examines the steps through which residents of a city neighborhood turned to their advantage an act emphasizing the rural basis of authentic Native Hawaiian identity. I argue that from the 1920s until the present, activists have drawn on interpretations ofbeing Hawaiianas a primary tactic for claiming rights to urban land in an American legal context. In conclusion, I suggest that Papakōlea exemplifies the role that legal protection of a social space, the essence of the homestead idea beyond its ill‐fated rural model, can play in establishing and preserving indigenous identities, community engagement, and the activism of an urban population. [Indigeneity, Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, Honolulu, social activism]