bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Great-grandfather, please teach me my language!
Authors: Ka’ai Tania M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInspired by Joshua Fishman’s lifetime dedication to the revitalisation of minority languages, especially Yiddish, this paper presents my personal story of the loss of the Māori language in my family in New Zealand/Aotearoa and our attempts to reverse this decline over several generations. The paper includes a description of several policy reforms and events in Aotearoa/New Zealand’s history and the impact of colonisation on the Māori language, which, as seen in other colonised peoples around the world, has contributed to the decline of this indigenous language. The paper also presents the mobilisation of Māori families and communities, including my own family, to establish their own strategies and initiatives to arrest further language decline and to reverse language loss in Māori families in Aotearoa/New Zealand. This article, combining story and history, should be read as a historiography of the Māori language, based on the author’s acknowledgement that other indigenous minority communities, globally, and their languages also have experienced the effects of colonisation and language loss. This article, much like a helix model, weaves together a narrative and history of Māori language loss, pain, resilience, and hope and seeks to establish that no language, because it contains the DNA of our cultural identity, should be allowed to die. A table of key landmarks of the history of the Māori language also is included.
Developing a materialist anti-racist approach to language activism
Authors: Flores Nelson 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to propose a materialist anti-racist approach to language activism. This approach combines Joshua Fishman’s pioneering work on language activism with critical race theory and the recent materialist turn in applied linguistics. A materialist anti-racist approach to language activism, positions language policy within broader efforts to dismantle racial and economic inequities. Using the case study of bilingual education programs in the United States, this paper points to the importance of accounting for the various non-linguistic factors that play a role both in terms of access to education as well as the experiences of students. It is noted that a failure to account for these non-linguistics factors, may lead bilingual education programs to inadvertently contribute to the marginalization of minoritized communities.
‘My tribe is the Hessequa. I’m Khoisan. I’m African’: Language, desire and performance among Cape Town’s Khoisan language activists
Authors: Brown Justin , Deumert Ana 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this article we provide a discussion of present-day Khoisan activism in Cape Town, South Africa. The main actors in this movement are people whose heritage is complex: their history can be traced back to the early days of the colonial settlement, reflecting the interactions and cohabitation of the indigenous Khoisan, slaves and the European settlers. Currently, their main languages are English and Afrikaans; yet, efforts are also made by activists to learn Khoekhoegwab. In discussing the Khoisan resurgence we draw on a wide range of sources. The data include: in-depth interviews with language activists; video and audio recordings of ceremonies and other cultural events; discussions and performance of language and identity on blogs and tweets; newspapers; linguistic landscapes; and, finally, artistic performances (with particular focus on the hiphop opera
Crystal structure of bis{5-(diethylamino)-2-(((2-oxo-2H-chromen-6-yl)imino)methyl)phenolato-κ2
O,N}copper(II), C40H38CuN4O6
Authors: Li Jing , Jia Hao-Ran , Sun Yin-Xia 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
C40H38CuN4O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.590(4) Å, b = 7.273(3) Å, c = 23.345(9) Å, β = 102.347(7)°, Z = 2, V = 1756.5(12) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0682, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2373, T = 296 K.
Primary producers and production in Hornsund and Kongsfjorden – comparison of two fjord systems
Authors: Smoła Zofia T. , Tatarek Agnieszka , Wiktor Józef M. , Wiktor Józef M.W. , Kubiszyn Anna , Węsławski Jan M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHornsund and Kongsfjorden are two similar-sized Arctic fjords on the West coast of Spitsbergen. They are influenced by cold coastal Arctic water (Hornsund) and warmer Atlantic water (Kongsfjorden). Environmental conditions affect the timing, quantity, spatial distribution (horizontal and vertical) of spring and summer blooms of protists as well as the taxonomic composition of those assemblages. Here, we compile published data and unpublished own measurement from the past two decades to compare the environmental factors and primary production in two fjord systems. Kongsfjorden is characterized by a deeper euphotic zone, higher biomass and greater proportion of autotrophic species. Hornsund seems to obtain more nutrients due to the extensive seabird colonies and exhibits higher turbidity compared to Kongsfjorden. The annual primary production in the analysed fjords ranges from 48 g C m−2y−1in Kongsfjorden to 216 g C m−2y−1in Hornsund, with a dominant component of microplankton (90%) followed by macrophytes and microphytobenthos.
Variability of chlorophyll-a and diatoms in the frontal ecosystem of Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Rajani Kanta Mishra , Babula Jena , Anilkumar Narayana Pillai , Ravidas Krishna Naik , Venkateswaran Bhaskar Parli , Melena A Soares 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Phytoplankton composition plays a major role in biogeochemical cycles of the ocean. The intensity of carbon fixation and export is strongly dependent on the phytoplankton community. Yet, the contribution of different types of phytoplankton to the total production on various communities is still poorly understood in the Indian Ocean sector of Southern Ocean (SO). Therefore the variability of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and diatoms in the frontal ecosystems of the Indian sector of SO have been investigated along with the sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface wind (SSW), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and nutrients datasets for the period of 1998–2012. Combined analysis of in-situ, model and satellite observations indicate that the variability of Chl-a and diatoms were primarily influenced by light and wind. The Chl-a was higher at the sub-Antarctic front (SAF) followed by the sub-tropical front (STF) and the polar front (PF). The diatom concentration was higher at the SAF followed by the PF and STF. Maximum concentration of Chl-a and diatoms commonly observed at the SAF region are probably due to the moderate PAR, SST and wind. Dominance of diatoms at the PF may be attributed to their adaptability for low light conditions. The results from this study in the frontal ecosystems would help to understand the biogeochemical cycle of the Indian sector of the SO.
New records of isopod species of the Antarctic Specially Managed Area No. 1, Admiralty Bay, South Shetland Islands
Authors: Zemko Karol , Pabis Krzysztof , Siciński Jacek , Błażewicz Magdalena 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAdmiralty Bay (King George Island) is an Antarctic Specially Managed Area and one the most thoroughly studied small-scale marine basins in the Southern Ocean. Our study provides new data on the isopod fauna in this glacially affected fjord. Twelve species of isopods were recorded in this basin for the first time. Six of them were found for the first time in the region of the South Shetland Islands. The highest number of species new for Admiralty Bay were found in the families Munnopsidae (4 species) and Munnidae (3 species).
Quartz grain features in modern glacial and proglacial environments: A microscopic study from the Russell Glacier, southwest Greenland
Authors: Kalińska-Nartiša Edyta , Lamsters Kristaps , Karušs Jānis , Krievāns Māris , Rečs Agnis , Meija Raimonds 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIt is assumed that close to the margins of ice-sheets, glacial, fluvial and aeolian processes overlap, and combined with weathering processes, produce numerous sediments, in which quartz is a common mineral. Quartz grains, if available, may serve as a powerful tool in determining the depositional history, transportation mode and postdepositional processes. However, quartz grain studies in some modern glacial areas are still sparse. In this study, we examine for the first time quartz grains sampled from the modern glacial and proglacial environments of the Russell Glacier, southwest Greenland in binocular microscope and scanning electron microscope, to analyze their shape, character of surface and microtextures. We debate whether the investigated quartz grains reveal glacial characteristics and to what extent they carry a signal of another transportation and sedimentary processes. Although glacial fracturing and abrasion occur in grain suites, most mechanical origin features are not of a high frequency or freshness, potentially suggesting a reduced shear stress in the glacier from its limited thickness and influence of the pressurized water at the ice-bed. In contrast, the signal that originates from the fluvial environment is much stronger derived by numerous aqueous-induced features present on quartz grain surfaces. Aeolian-induced microtextures on grain surfaces increase among the samples the closest to the ice margin, which may be due to enhanced aeolian activity, but are practically absent in sediments taken from the small scale aeolian landforms. In contrast, aeolian grains have been found in the bigger-size (1.0–2.0 mm) investigated fraction. These grains gained the strongest aeolian abrasion, possibly due to changes in transportation mode.
Conditions influencing incoming global solar radiation in Hornsund (Spitsbergen) in spring 2015
Authors: Uscka-Kowalkowska Joanna , Markowicz Krzysztof M. , Przybylak Rajmund , Araźny Andrzej 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article analyses the conditions affecting the incoming global solar radiation in Hornsund (Spitsbergen) in spring of 2015. Incoming solar radiation turned out to be average for the season under analysis, as compared with longer-term data. The clearness index (KT) was 0.46, and was mainly determined by the extent of cloudiness. As a result of differences in the length of day, sunshine duration in May was greater than in April. Incoming solar radiation to the earth’s surface is also affected by the atmospheric optical properties. The average value of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm in Hornsund in spring of 2015 was 0.087. In the analysed period, increased values of AOD at 500 nm (up to 0.143) were observed, although these are not record values. Over April and May, the greatest part of optical depth was comprised of anthropogenic aerosols (41%), followed by marine aerosols (26%), desert dust (21%) and biomass-burning aerosols (12%). This indicates the significant role of the anthropogenic factor in the climatic conditions of Spitsbergen.
Open-Source Neural Machine Translation API Server
Authors: Tars Sander , Papli Kaspar , Chasovskyi Dmytro , Fishel Mark 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We introduce an open-source implementation of a machine translation API server. The aim of this software package is to enable anyone to run their own multi-engine translation server with neural machine translation engines, supporting an open API for client applications. Besides the hub with the implementation of the client API and the translation service providers running in the background we also describe an open-source demo web application that uses our software package and implements an online translation tool that supports collecting translation quality comparisons from users.
NMTPY: A Flexible Toolkit for Advanced Neural Machine Translation Systems
Authors: Caglayan Ozan , García-Martínez Mercedes , Bardet Adrien , Aransa Walid , Bougares Fethi , Barrault Loïc 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we present nmtpy, a flexible Python toolkit based on Theano for training Neural Machine Translation and other neural sequence-to-sequence architectures. nmtpy decouples the specification of a network from the training and inference utilities to simplify the addition of a new architecture and reduce the amount of boilerplate code to be written. nmtpy has been used for LIUM’s top-ranked submissions to WMT Multimodal Machine Translation and News Translation tasks in 2016 and 2017.
Parallelization of Neural Network Training for NLP with Hogwild!
Authors: Deyringer Valentin , Fraser Alexander , Schmid Helmut , Okita Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Neural Networks are prevalent in todays NLP research. Despite their success for different tasks, training time is relatively long. We use Hogwild! to counteract this phenomenon and show that it is a suitable method to speed up training Neural Networks of different architectures and complexity. For POS tagging and translation we report considerable speedups of training, especially for the latter. We show that Hogwild! can be an important tool for training complex NLP architectures.
Visualizing Neural Machine Translation Attention and Confidence
Authors: Rikters Matīss , Fishel Mark , Bojar Ondřej 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this article, we describe a tool for visualizing the output and attention weights of neural machine translation systems and for estimating confidence about the output based on the attention.
Our aim is to help researchers and developers better understand the behaviour of their NMT systems without the need for any reference translations. Our tool includes command line and web-based interfaces that allow to systematically evaluate translation outputs from various engines and experiments. We also present a web demo of our tool with examples of good and bad translations: http://ej.uz/nmt-attention.
QE::GUI – A Graphical User Interface for Quality Estimation
Authors: Avramidis Eleftherios 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Despite its wide applicability, Quality Estimation (QE) of Machine Translation (MT) poses a difficult entry barrier since there are no open source tools with a graphical user interface (GUI). Here we present a tool in this direction by connecting the back-end of the QE decision-making mechanism with a web-based GUI. The interface allows the user to post requests to the QE engine and get a visual response with the results. Additionally we provide pre-trained QE models for easier launching of the app. The tool is written in Python so that it can leverage the rich natural language processing capabilities of the popular dynamic programming language, which is at the same time supported by top web-server environments.
CzeDLex – A Lexicon of Czech Discourse Connectives
Authors: Mírovský Jiří , Synková Pavlína , Rysová Magdaléna , Poláková Lucie 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
CzeDLex is a new electronic lexicon of Czech discourse connectives, planned for publication by the end of this year. Its data format and structure are based on a study of similar existing resources, and adjusted to comply with the Czech syntactic tradition and specifics and with the Prague approach to the annotation of semantic discourse relations in text.
In the article, we first put the lexicon in context of related resources and discuss theoretical aspects of building the lexicon – we present arguments for our choice of the data structure and for selecting features of the lexicon entries, while special attention is paid to a consistent and (as far as possible) uniform encoding of both primary (such as in English because, therefore) and secondary connectives (e.g. for this reason, this is the reason why). The main principle adopted for nesting entries in the lexicon is – apart from the lexical form of the connective – a discoursesemantic type (sense) expressed by the given connective, which enables us to deal with a broad formal variability of connectives and is convenient for interlinking CzeDLex with lexicons in other languages.
Second, we introduce the chosen technical solution based on the Prague Markup Language, which allows for an efficient incorporation of the lexicon into the family of Prague treebanks – it can be directly opened and edited in the tree editor TrEd, processed from the command line in btred, interlinked with its source corpus and queried in the PML Tree Query engine.
Third, we describe the process of getting data for the lexicon by exploiting a large corpus manually annotated with discourse relations – the Prague Discourse Treebank 2.0: we elaborate on the automatic extraction part, post-extraction checks and manual addition of supplementary linguistic information.
Macrophage activation syndrome at the onset of glucocorticoid-resistant systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report
Authors: Tulbă Delia , Balea Marius , Băicuş Cristian 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Introduction. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory state mediated by uncontrolled cytokine storm and haemophagocytosis. Although rarely reported, MAS might occur in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), notably as an inaugural manifestation. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the cornerstone of SLE therapy. However, in some cases high doses of GCs are required to achieve remission (i.e. glucocorticoid-resistance), leading to significant side effects.

Case report. A 28-year-old Romani male was admitted to our hospital for polyarthralgia, polyserositis and fatigability. The patient had high-grade fever, jaundice and generalized lymphadenopathy. Laboratory tests revealed severe mixed hemolytic autoimmune anemia, leukopenia, hepatocytolysis, coagulation abnormalities, hypertriglyceridemia, biological inflammatory syndrome, hyperferritinemia and persistent proteinuria of nephritic pattern. Imaging studies showed pleuropericardial effusion, hepatosplenomegaly and polysynovitis. Additional blood tests revealed hypocomplementemia and positive ANA, anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm antibodies. Haemophagocytosis was not identified either on bone marrow or axillary lymph node biopsy specimens. However, SLE-associated MAS seemed to fit this set-up. High-dose corticotherapy (6.5 g methylprednisolone followed by prednisone, 1.5 mg/kg/day after discharge) and intravenous cyclophosphamide were necessary to induce and sustain remission.

Conclusion. MAS is a potentially severe manifestation that should be considered at SLE onset whenever high fever and elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, ferritin and procalcitonin are noted. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment lead to remission in two thirds of cases.
Glucocorticoid-resistance leads to the use of high-dose corticotherapy or immunosuppressive agents that could elicit serious side effects. New insights into the molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid-resistance are needed in order to conceive more adequate GC-therapies.
Study of Explosion Characteristics of Wood Dust Clouds in Dependence of the Particle Size Distribution
Authors: Kuracina Richard , Szabová Zuzana , Menčík Matej 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The article deals with the measurement of explosion characteristics of wood dust. The measurements were carried out according to STN EN 14034-1+A1:2011 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds. Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds and the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise according to STN EN 14034-2+A1:2012 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 2: Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max of dust clouds. On the basis of measurements, we found that the distribution of the particles has a significant impact on the parameters of wood dust samples.
Human Health Concenrs of Metalworking Fluid Components
Authors: Gerulová Kristína , Buranská Eva , Soldán Maroš 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Exploration of 209 available Material safety data sheets of 85 straight oils, 46 emulsions, 51 semi-synthetics and 27 synthetics was carried out to provide a report on the most widely used components defined as dangerous substances. As many as 217 of different substances of which 15 were identified as biocides, 17 as corrosion inhibitors or neutralizing agent, 17 were lubricity improvers and 38 different base fluids, lubricity solvents or surfactants, while 93 substances were not identified specifically and 37 substances occurred only once. This article is focused on the list of base fluids in straight oils and their possible health effects.
Human Health Concenrs of the Metalworking Fluid Components
Authors: Gerulová Kristína , Buranská Eva , Soldán Maroš 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The exploration of 209 available Material safety data sheets of 85 straight oils, 46 emulsions, 51 semi-synthetics and 27 synthetics was carried out to provide a report on the most used components defined as dangerous substances. As many as 217 of different substances of which 15 were identified as biocides, 17 as corrosion inhibitors or neutralizing agent, 17 were lubricity improvers and 38 different base fluids, lubricity solvents or surfactants, while 93 substances were not identified specifically and 37 substances occurred only once. This article is focused on the list of biocides, neutralizing agents and corrosion inhibitors identified in all types of MWFs and their possible health effects.
DTA Evaluation of Spruce Wood Degradation Process
Authors: Hrušovský Ivan , Rantuch Peter , Martinka Jozef , Dzíbelová Simona 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The decomposition stages of spruce wood sawdust were analyzed by means of sequential differential calorimetry. Two stages of decomposition were identified and activation energy of one stage was calculated using the Kissinger method. The DTA was conducted by means of SEDEX safety calorimeter. Sample was analyzed under three heating rates of 10, 20 and 45 °C/h in temperature range from room temperature to 400 °C. The calculated activation energy for the last and most clear decomposition peak was 122.63 KJ/mol. The results are comparable with the data calculated by J.V. Rissanen et al., who calculated activation energy for Spruce hemicellulose as 120 KJ/mol.
Calcination of Nickel Mud
Authors: Klačanská Michaela , Kobetičová Hana , Soldán Maroš , Haršáni Marián , Kuracina Marcel 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Different characterizations were carried out on uncalcinated nickel mud and samples calcined in the temperature range of 200–600 °C. In the present paper, the phase composition and structure transition of the nickel mud heated from room temperature are indicated by SEM, EDX analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Samples of nickel mud were collected in Sereď, where nickel was produced from Albanian iron-nickel ore. It was found that calcination has effect on the structure and composition of nickel mud. The obtained results provide an important base for the further studies of comprehensive utilization of nickel mud.
Flammability Parameters of Candles
Authors: Balog Karol , Kobetičová Hana , Štefko Tomáš 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The paper deals with the assessment of selected fire safety characteristics of candles. Weight loss of a candle during the burning process, candle burning rate, soot index, heat release rate and yield of carbon oxides were determined. Soot index was determined according to EN 15426: 2007 - Candles - Specification for Sooting Behavior. All samples met the prescribed amount of produced soot. Weight loss, heat release rate and the yield of carbon oxides were determined for one selected sample. While yield of CO increased during the measurement, the yield of CO2 decreased by half in 40 minutes.