bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physico-chemical Characteristics and Oxidative Stability of Date-Pits Oil during Storage at Different Temperatures
Authors: Al-Kharousi Naima , Al-Khusaibi Mohammed , Al-Bulushi Ismail , Guizani Nejib , Waly Mostafa , Rahman Mohammad Shafiur 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In this study, oxidative stability of date-pits (i. e. Khalas variety) was investigated during storage as a function of temperature. The stability of date-pits oil was determined by measuring acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (PAV), tocopherol and oxidative stability index. Initial characteristics of oil were assessed by measuring its physico-chemical and melting characteristics, fatty acids composition and aflatoxin. Storage of date-pits caused highest reduction in linoleic acid (C18:2, ω6) followed by oleic acid (C18:1, ω9). AV, PV and PAV of the fresh oil were 1.41 mg KOH/g oil, 3.30 meq/kg oil and 0.60, respectively. These values increased linearly at slower rate in the case of 30 °C storage, while sharp rise was observed after 40 days in cases of 100 and 150 °C storage (p < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that date pits oil had a good oxidative and thermal stability and could thus be used to develop value-added food ingredients.
United, Yet Apart? A Note on Persistent Labour Market Differences between Western and Eastern Germany
Authors: Schnabel Claus 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Comparing aggregate statistics and surveying selected empirical studies, this paper shows that the characteristics and results of labour markets in eastern and western Germany have become quite similar in some respects but still differ markedly in others even 25 years after unification. Whereas no substantial differences can be detected in firms’ labour demand decisions and in employees’ representation via works councils or trade unions, both parts of the country are somewhat apart concerning labour supply behaviour, labour productivity, wages, and bargaining coverage, and they still exhibit substantially different rates of unemployment. These differences may reflect observable and unobservable characteristics of economic actors as well as differences in behaviour, norms, and individuals’ attitudes.
Crystal structure of butyl 2-(3,5-dimethyl-1,1-dioxido-2H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-yl)benzoate, C16H20N2O4S
Authors: Bhatt Nilay , Samipillai Marivel , Bhatt Pralav , Govender Thavendran , Kruger Hendrik G. , Maguire Glenn E.M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C16H20N2O4S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.229(2) Å, b = 16.995(4) Å, c = 11.084(3) Å, β = 99.985(11)°, V = 1712.3(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0393, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1081, T = 173.
Crystal structure of (E)-4-(2-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)diazen-1-ium-1-yl)benzenesulfonate monohydrate
Authors: Oh In-Hwan , Park Seong-Hun 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C16H21N3O4S, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.402(2) Å, b = 9.035(2) Å, c = 11.692(3) Å, α = 102.382(4)°, β = 109.303(4)°,
γ
= 97.122(4)°, V = 799.7(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0412, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1080, T = 173(2)K.
PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DI INDONESIA SEBUAH PANDANGAN KONSEPSIONAL
Authors: Rosyada Dede 
Published: February 2016

This article was written to provide an overview of the conceptual view of multicultural education inIndonesia. In order to obtain data on the concept of multicultural authors conducted a study of literatures. As we know that Indonesia is a country with ethnic diversity but it aspires to the same goal, that is to the wealthy and prosperous society. Therefore, it becomes important to develop multicultural education, which is an educational process that gives equal opportunities to all children including minorities regardless of their differences in ethnicity, culture and religion, to strengthen the unity and integrity, national identity and the nation’s standing in the international world. In this case, the school must design the learning process, preparing curriculum and evaluation design, as well as prepare teachers who have the multicultural perception, attitude and behavior, so that they becomes part of those make a signifi cant contribution to the development of multicultural attitude of the students.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL SEBAGAI SARANA ALTERNATIF PENCEGAHAN KONFLIK
Authors: Adhani Yuli 
Published: February 2016

This article provided an overview of the concept of multicultural education as an alternative means of confl ict prevention. The method used to support the writing of this article is the study of literatu re. Point of this article is that multicultural education is a process of developing the full potential of human beingrespectful to plurality and heterogeneity as a consequence of the diversity of culture, ethnicity, religion, economic, social and political background. As one of the world’s biggest multicultural country, Indonesiais supposed deve lop multicultural education as an alternative to prevent social and cultural confl ict that often occurs in Indon esia. In addition build a multicultural society in Indonesia can not be taken for granted by trial and error. On the c ontrary building multicultural society should be pursued in a systematic, programmatic, integrated and sustainabl e. This is because the multicultural reality in Indonesia is an asset that makes Indonesian culturallu very ric h. Therefore, it is necessary for Indonesia to maintain and preserve its rich culture.
ANALISIS FUNGSI PRODUKSI COBB-DOUGLAS PADA KEGIATAN SEKTOR USAHA MIKRO DI LINGKUNGAN UIN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA
Authors: Amalia Fitri 
Published: February 2016

The aim of this research is to acknowledge the influence of capital, worker, educational level and technology toward the production output. The data applied is a particular primary data within the data accumulation method of questionnaire consists of 7 question items. This re search is a certain population research contains of 60 respondents (business units). The method applied is OLS (Ordinary Least Square) method by applying classic assumption test and statistic test to examine the influence of independent variable to dependent one. The result obtained shows that the educational level does not have significant influence towards the production output, whereas the three other variables, which are: capital, workers, and technology does positively and significantly influence the production output. The most production factors which influence the output is the worker. Economical scale condition shows the increasing return to scale condition so that the production output still able to be increased further by increasing the input.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v3i1.2056
DETERMINAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI PROPINSI ACEH
Authors: Faradisi Nujma 
Published: February 2016

This research aims to analyze the effect of own-source revenue, general allocation grant, special allocation fund, and special autonomy fund to economic growth in Aceh district/urban district from 2008 to 2011. To estimate economic growth, this research used the rate of RGDP growth for dependent variable. While own-source revenue, general allocation grant, special allocation fund, and special autonomy funds are research’s independent variables. This study took panel data with Fixed Effect Model (FEM) for the method and seven districts and three urban districts in Aceh Province for the sample. The result shows that economic growth explained by own-source revenue, general allocation grant, special allocation fund, and special autonomy fund by 87,30 percent (Adjusted R2). Then, economic growth able to be effected by own- source revenue, general allocation grant, special allocation fund, and special autonomy fund by 21,64 percent (f-statistic).DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v4i2.2303
Konteksty istnienia: życie, media i sacrum w orędziach papieża Benedykta XVI
Authors: Misztal Wojciech 
Published: February 2016

Artykuł prezentuje podany w tytule temat na podstawie orędzi papieża Benedykta XVI na Światowy Dzień Środków Społecznego Przekazu. W pierwszej części ukazano, w jaki sposób orędzia przedstawiają życie ludzkie jako powiązane z wieloma, jak to określa Benedykt XVI, kontekstami. Następnie zaprezentowano relacje między kontekstami – środowiskami życia, którymi są sacrum i komunikacja, jako wzajemne wspomaganie się. Ostatnia część ukazuje rozumienie mediów jako środowiska sprzyjającego życiu duchowemu człowieka.
Bliski Wschód bez chrześcijan? Współczesne ludobójstwo wyznawców Chrystusa na terenie Iraku i Syrii
Authors: Guzik Paulina 
Published: February 2016

Terytoria dzisiejszego Iraku, niegdyś Mezopotamii, od pierwszych wieków zamieszkiwane były przez chrześcijan. Od czasu wzrostu potęgi religii islamskiej chrześcijanie doświadczali na tych terenach prześladowań. Współcześnie najbardziej dotkliwe prześladowania chrześcijan na tych terenach rozpoczęły się w 2003 roku, kiedy wraz z Amerykanami w Iraku pojawił się chaos i próżnia władzy. Całkowicie odsunięci od władzy Sunnici – jednym z nich był Saddam Hussein – odbudowali swoją pozycję w Iraku, wstępując w szeregi sunnickiego Państwa Islamskiego. Od czasu jego powstania w czerwcu 2014 roku chrześcijanie, wraz z innymi mniejszościami religijnymi na terenach Iraku i Syrii są regularnie i masowo zabijani, ludność ta zmuszona jest do życia w warunkach uwłaczających godności, bez odpowiedniej opieki zdrowotnej i pracy, chrześcijańskie dzieci są odbierane rodzicom i oddawane na wychowanie w bazach Państwa Islamskiego. Wszystkie te czynniki noszą znamiona ludobójstwa wymienione w Konwencji ws. zapobiegania i karania zbrodni ludobójstwa. Artykuł ten jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy w Iraku i Syrii dochodzi do ludobójstwa mniejszości chrześcijańskiej i czy istnieje obawa całkowitego wyparcia chrześcijan z Bliskiego Wschodu. Aby udzielić odpowiedzi na zadane pytania, przytoczę świadectwa osób mieszkających w Iraku i cierpiących prześladowania, posłużę się także opiniami ekspertów i analizami dotyczącymi przyszłości Bliskiego Wschodu i perspektyw na pokonanie Państwa Islamskiego.
Ochrona życia człowieka w przesłaniu Jana Pawła II w Radomiu 4. czerwca 1991 roku. Refleksja teologiczno­‑prawna
Authors: Kornecki Tomasz 
Published: February 2016

U źródeł ochrony życia ludzkiego leży piąte przykazanie zawarte w Dekalogu i potwierdzone w nauczaniu Jezusa Chrystusa w Nowym Testamencie. Jednocześnie troska o życie człowieka oparta jest na zasadzie sprawiedliwości społecznej. Ojciec święty Jan Paweł II między innymi podczas swojej pielgrzymki do ojczyzny w roku 1991 wskazywał na wartość ochrony ludzkiego życia od poczęcia do naturalnej śmierci. Istotne jest, aby prawo stanowione stało na straży ludzkiego życia. Regulacje dotyczące tej kwestii zawarte zostały przede wszystkim w artykule 38 Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z roku 1997. Jednak polski system prawny dopuszcza aborcję w niektórych przypadkach. Na uwagę zasługuje fakt, iż systemy totalitarne, w tym także komunizm, który w Polsce panował od końca II wojny światowej, łamał zasadę ochrony życia ludzkiego, tym samym sprzeciwiając się piątemu przykazaniu, które nie tylko zawiera zakaz zabijania człowieka – także nienarodzonego, ale i nakaz troski o życie.Wydaje się słuszne, pomimo zmian politycznych i społecznych, przypominanie przesłania ojca świętego Jana Pawła II dotyczącego życia ludzkiego, a skierowanego do rodaków w 1991 roku.
Wymagania stawiane prawodawstwu w sprawach społecznych: rozważania na kanwie Gaudium et spes
Authors: Kroczek Piotr 
Published: February 2016

Chociaż mija już 50 lat od promulgacji konstytucji Gaudium et spes, dokument ten jest nadal aktualny. Celem artykułu jest odnalezienie i przeanalizowanie wymagań stawianych prawodawstwu państwowemu w prawach społecznych, które zawiera wspomniany soborowy dokument. Tematami dyskutowanymi w niniejszym przedłożeniu są: aktualność prawa, nakierowanie prawa na dobro wspólne, zabezpieczenie praw człowieka, uwzględnienie godności człowieka oraz słuszna, lecz nieabsolutna autonomia prawa. Jak dowiedziono, Gaudium et spes wciąż jest cennym i żywym źródłem idei porządkujących sprawy społeczne.
Person as the source of values in communication. Based on the philosophy of person by Karol Wojtyła and Józef Tischner
Authors: Bednarska Maja 
Published: February 2016

In my article I wanted to analyze the comunication from the moral point of view. My ground to think about morality is Karol Wojtyła and Józef Tischner’s thinking. I proposed the thesis that because of hard experiences of war and totalitarian system in the 20th century; because of nihilism and wrong understanding of human freedom; and because of media culture and a lack of authentic relationships between people; interpersonal communication is superficial and empty. In order to make communication creative and human, in order to restore its first meaning and lost deepness, I believe it is necessary to see the moral dimension of communication and redefine its fundamental structure from the point of view of the philosophy of the person. Thus, I asked the questions: Who communicates? What does one communicate for? What is the message? They lead to considering the act of communication in its fundamental structure.
Zarządzanie pracownikiem socjalnym w pomocy społecznej
Authors: Młyński Józef 
Published: February 2016

Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje próbę ukazania i deskrypcji pracownika socjalnego zarządzającego zasobami pomocy społecznej. W tym kontekście autor odwołuje się do ustaleń terminologicznych, do których zalicza: zarządzanie, pomoc społeczna, praca socjalna. Następnie analizuje strukturę organizacyjną instytucji pomocy społecznej w której istotne znaczenie posiada pracownik socjalny. Ponadto autor wskazuje również na etapy zarządzania w pomocy społecznej. W dalszej części niniejszego artykułu dokonano opisu funkcji pracownika socjalnego oraz jego zadań w kontekście współczesnych uwarunkowań społecznych. Ponadto przedstawiono strukturę organizacji pomocy społecznej przy współpracy pracownika socjalnego i asystenta rodziny.
Życie chrześcijańskie w świetle celów i metod odpowiedzialnego wychowania
Authors: Mrózek Łukasz 
Published: February 2016

Podstawowym wychowawczym zadaniem jest takie pomaganie wychowankowi, by w swoim postępowaniu odkrył, zrozumiał i respektował te wartości, które odnosić się będą do poszczególnych sfer jego życia. Uczyć człowieka myśleć, kochać i pracować oznacza nie tylko formować jego określoną sylwetkę i osobowość, ale także urzeczywistniać model społecznego funkcjonowania. Kompetentny wychowawca musi więc w taki sposób oddziaływać na wychowanka, by miał on możliwość i szansę odnalezienia coraz to nowszych wartości i kształtowania w sobie coraz to bogatszego człowieczeństwa. Odpowiedzialny wychowawca powinien wskazywać wychowankom optymalną drogę życia i być świadomy, że wyznaczone cele można osiągnąć za pomocą różnych metod. Motywacja pozytywna, język przekazu treści wychowawczych (odwołujący się do doświadczenia i aspiracji podopiecznych), demaskowanie zagrożeń, którym ulega wychowanek, wyłapywanie iluzji „łatwego szczęścia” to tylko niektóre z nich. Wszystko to pozwala docenić wartość życia i godność osoby ludzkiej, które z niewiadomych powodów zdają się zanikać w całym procesie wychowawczym.
A Comparison of Nonopioid and Opioid Oral Analgesia following Pediatric Palatoplasty
Authors: Pierson Brandon W. , Cardon Brandon S. , Anderson Michael P. , Glade Robert S. 
Published: February 2016

Objective This article evaluates postoperative analgesia in pediatric palatoplasty patients using nonopioid oral medications. Design This study was a retrospective chart review. Setting The setting for this study was a tertiary-care children's hospital. Participants Study participants were pediatric patients who underwent palatoplasty procedures performed by a single surgeon. Interventions Interventions included nonopioid and opioid oral medications for postoperative analgesia. Main Outcome Measures The adequacy of nonopioid versus opioid oral analgesia was assessed by (1) time to discontinue IV fluid, (2) total IV morphine doses for breakthrough pain, (3) daily IV morphine doses for breakthrough pain, (4) time to discharge from the hospital, and (5) perioperative weight change. Group comparisons of outcome measures were performed using a two one-sided test. Results A total of 61 patients were identified who received three standard pain regimens: acetaminophen + ibuprofen (12), hydrocodone/acetaminophen (23), and hydrocodone/acetaminophen + ibuprofen (26). There was sufficient evidence to suggest equivalence in outcome measures for acetaminophen + ibuprofen versus hydrocodone/acetaminophen and hydrocodone/acetaminophen + ibuprofen for the following: time to discontinue IV fluid ( P = .02, 90% confidence interval [CI] = –0.42 to 0.17; P = .007, 90% CI = –0.28 to 0.34), daily IV morphine doses ( P = .023, 90% [CI] = –0.83 to 0.65; P = .032, 90% [CI] = –0.92 to 0.28), time to discharge from the hospital ( P = .017, 90% [CI] = –0.40 to 0.27; P = .015, 90% [CI] = –0.24 to 0.39), and perioperative weight change ( P = .002; 90% CI = –0.25 to 0.46; P < .0001; 90% CI = –0.34 to 0.18). There was no sufficient evidence to suggest equivalence for total IV morphine doses ( P = .189, 90% CI = –1.51 to 1.78; P = .169, 90% CI = –1.51 to 0.88). Conclusions Oral acetaminophen and ibuprofen alone may provide similar analgesia to traditional regimens with reduced risks following pediatric palatoplasty.
Exploring Subclinical Phenotypic Features in Twin Pairs Discordant for Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Leslie Elizabeth J. , Carlson Jenna C. , Cooper Margaret E. , Christensen Kaare , Weinberg Seth M. , Marazita Mary L. 
Published: February 2016

Objective Monozygotic twins of an individual with an orofacial cleft have a significantly elevated risk for orofacial cleft compared with the general population, but still the concordance rate for orofacial cleft in monozygotic twins is about 40% to 50%. The goal of this study was to determine whether unaffected cotwins have an increased frequency of orbicularis oris muscle defects, a subclinical form of orofacial cleft. The presence of such defects may reduce the overall rate of discordance. Method A total of 63 discordant monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, 262 unaffected nontwin siblings, and 543 controls with no history of orofacial clefts were assessed for orbicularis oris defects by high-resolution ultrasound. Frequencies were compared by the Fisher exact test. Results Unaffected cotwins from discordant monozygotic pairs had a higher frequency of defects (12.5%) than the other test groups (6.38% to 6.99%), but the difference was not statistically significant ( P = .74). Conclusions In this study, orbicularis oris defects were not statistically significantly more common among the unaffected twins from orofacial cleft discordant twin pairs. The trends in the results warrant future studies with larger sample sizes and additional subclinical phenotypes.
Avaliação da qualidade do solo em agroecossistemas na zona rural de São Bentinho-PB
Authors: Alves M. F. A. , Ribeiro S. N. , Melo F. J. S. , Alves L. R. A. , Vieira Z. C. 
Published: February 2016

<p>O crescimento da demanda por alimentos gera a expansão de áreas agrícolas ocasionando um aumento do desmatamento. Tais fatores contribuem para o crescimento da preocupação com a sustentabilidade dos sistemas agrícolas, o qual passa por uma percepção do espaço rural como agente ativo na conservação e proteção dos recursos naturais. O conhecimento dos limites de exploração dos ecossistemas rurais é fator primordial para que se obtenham sistemas agrícolas mais sustentáveis. Diante do exposto o presente trabalho objetiva avaliar, através de uma extensa revisão bibliográfica, visitas em campo e utilização de índices de sustentabilidade, a qualidade do solo de dois agroecossistemas utilizados para o plantio de feijão e milho na zona rural de São Bentinho-PB; e finalmente, propor estratégias ou técnicas de manejo que venham tornar os agroecossistemas estudados mais sustentáveis. Conclui-se que a área de plantio de feijão apresentou um solo de melhor qualidade do que área de plantio de milho. A utilização dessa metodologia para avaliar a qualidade do solo mostrou-se simples e acessível, podendo direcionar as ações para uma agricultura mais sustentável, necessitando-se para isso, qualificação e treinamento dos agricultores. Finalmente, deve-se treinar esses pequenos produtores também na aplicação de técnicas sustentáveis de manejo do solo.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Evaluation of soil quality in agroecosystems in rural São Bentinho-PB</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The growth in demand for food generates the expansion of agricultural areas causing an increase in deforestation. Such factors contribute to the growing concern about the sustainability of agricultural systems, which involves a perception of the countryside as an active agent in the conservation and protection of natural resources. Knowledge of rural ecosystems operating limits is a key factor in order to obtain more sustainable agricultural systems. Given the above the present study aims to evaluate, through an extensive literature review, field visits and use of sustainability indexes, the quality of the two agro soil used for planting beans and corn in the countryside of São Bento-PB; and finally, propose strategies and management techniques that may make them more sustainable agro-ecosystems studied. In conclusion, the bean planting area presented a solo better quality than corn planting area. The use of this methodology for assessing soil quality proved to be simple and affordable, and can direct the actions for a more sustainable agriculture, requiring up to that, qualifications and training of farmers. Finally, one should train these small producers also in the implementation of sustainable techniques for soil management.</p>
Isn’t It Ironic? Research Rewards And Teaching Taxes
Authors: Fender Blakely Fox , Taylor Susan Washburn , Burke Kimberly Gladden 
Published: February 2016

<p>The use of person-specific data for economists across all types of public academic institutions provides several insights into the academic wage equation for economists. First, this study confirms the alignment of the academic incentive structure with the underlying value of scholarship in an academic institution, i.e. scholarship pays off. Interestingly, though, the richness of this data set allows for a better understanding of that payoff. For while economists at doctoral granting institutions earn more on average than their counterparts at non-doctoral granting institutions, the marginal benefit for additional publications is higher for those economists at non-doctoral granting institutions.</p><p>Most importantly, the study validates the recent findings of Binder et al. (2012) that the incentive structure at academic institutions imposes a teaching tax. Whether at doctoral or non-doctoral granting institutions, the marginal cost of teaching undergraduates is significant although there is a positive return to award-winning teaching. Thus, despite the inherent educational mission of the Academy, this study supports the ironic conclusion teaching imposes a tax on the academic economist. </p>
Hermeneutika Al-Qur’an: Antara Pemaknaan Tekstual dan Kontekstual
Authors: Muliono R Slamet 
Published: February 2016

This article aims to describe the basic philosophy of the hermeneutics view about how to interpret al-Qur’an using the modern science. In the modern life, we find many problem which has not happened in the past. Tafsir method is supposed not to be able to solve the social problems which should be looked for an immediate solution while the social problems are so much. Hermeneutics supposed that by using hermeneutics, we can interpret al-Qur’an according to the modern challenges which could not be invented in the early of Islam. Hermeneutics method has been acknowledged as a new vision about Islam. But hermeneutic view, if we are not careful, could destroy the basic values of Islam which has participated for the Islamic civilization. The negative effects of hermeneutic method are, deconstructing writings of the ‘ulama, infiltration of West values, absolute value of Islamic will be lost, and making al-Qur’an as human product.