bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le maquis d’Antoine dans Un Village français (France 3, 2009-2017) : un théâtre de la Résistance ?
Authors: Collard Clément , Grumberg Zoé 
Published: December 2016

Prenant pour objet la constitution d’un maquis de jeunes hommes qui cherchent à échapper au STO, la cinquième saison d’Un Village français, diffusée en 2013 sur France 3, propose une réflexion sur la guerre et sa représentation. Les protagonistes, mus par l’insouciance d’une jeunesse alors relativement peu touchée par l’Occupation, sont ignorants des enjeux de la vie de l’ombre et semblent d’abord jouer à la guerre. La rencontre avec la Résistance et l’engagement – à l’origine de la scission du maquis – ne mettent pas fin à cette prééminence du « jeu » dans la vie quotidienne du maquis, même si celui-ci change de forme pour devenir théâtre dans le cadre d’une pièce mise en scène par un des réfractaires, étudiant au conservatoire. Celle-ci a une dimension performative et donne naissance à un grand défilé dans Villeneuve à l’occasion du 11 novembre 1943, inspiré par le défilé réel à Oyonnax (Ain) à la même date. A défaut de se battre, les maquisards existent à travers une symbolique patriotique. La saison 5 d’Un Village français nous propose donc une réflexion autour de la nature de la guerre et l’importance de sa représentation, entre jeu, théâtre et symbole.
Le fracas silencieux de la guerre dans The X-Files (1993-2002 ; 2016)
Authors: Gai Frédéric 
Published: December 2016

Au milieu de la pléiade de sujets abordés par The X-Files, la guerre occupe une place particulière. Présente aussi bien dans les épisodes « fermés », qui font écho à la tradition du film de genre, que dans l’arc mythologique, elle présente de prime abord une distinction fondamentale entre le soldat, première victime des conflits, et l’armée, structure participant de l’occultation des exactions commises par les États-Unis depuis 1945. Auprès de l’ancien combattant, le téléspectateur pénètre dans l’irréel des guerres du Vietnam et d’Irak, ainsi que dans la violence sensible imposée par les décisions politiques successives. Pointant du doigt la responsabilité de l’armée américaine dans le cadre géopolitique contemporain, elle remet en doute les discours officiels pour mieux constater la position impérialiste américaine, qui entretient un état guerrier permanent pour servir des intérêts militaro-industriels. Si les « guerres majeures » ont pris fin, l’Amérique maintient la possibilité d’avoir des ennemis dans un cadre de mystification hérité des années de Guerre froide. De son côté, la série formule un discours dramatique sur les dérives humaines et sur la fin du monde, faisant quant à elle de l’arme fictive une manière d’alerte, pour mieux contrecarrer le traitement médiatique de la guerre et proposer une forme de critique renouvelée tout au long de plus de deux décennies de diffusion.
Measuring Family Satisfaction With Care Delivered in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Clark Kathleen , Milner Kerry A. , Beck Marlene , Mason Virginia 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundIn our competitive health care environment, measuring the experience of family members of patients in the intensive care unit to ensure that health care providers are meeting families’ needs is critical. Surveys from Press Ganey and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services are unable to capture families’ satisfaction with care in this setting.ObjectiveTo implement a sustainable measure for family satisfaction in a 12-bed medical and surgical intensive care unit. To assess the feasibility of the selected tool for measuring family satisfaction and to make recommendations that are based on the results.MethodA descriptive survey design using the Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit 24-item questionnaire to measure satisfaction with care and decision-making.ResultsForty family members completed the survey. Overall, the mean score for families’ satisfaction with care was 72.24% (SD, 14.87%) and the mean score for families’ satisfaction with decision-making was 72.03% (SD, 16.61%). Families reported that nurses put them at ease and provided understandable explanations. Collaboration, inclusion of families in clinical discussions, and timely information regarding changes in the patient’s condition were the most common points brought up in free-text responses from family members. Written communication, including directions and expectations, would have improved the families’ experience.ConclusionAlthough patients’ family members reported being satisfied with their experience in the intensive care unit, there is room for improvement. Effective communication among the health care team, patients’ families, and patients will be targeted for quality improvement initiatives.
Research and Development towards Durable Advanced Concrete Structures
Authors: Fosså Kjell Tore , Østlund Hilde Benedikte 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The immense challenges related to the physical environment in the Arctic, calls for research within several areas. This paper discusses recent research taken on by Kvaerner, together with cooperation partners within the industry as well as universities and research institutions, to further improve the robustness and durability of concrete substructures used for offshore arctic applications.
Some of the challenges addressed in the research are;
Ice abrasion. Drifting ice in large concentrations and at large speed may abrade the exposed part of the structures if appropriate measures are not taken. Criteria and test methods are areas that are not properly addressed in any standards. Test methods need to correspond to actual exposure condition.
Freeze-thaw resistance: Freezing and thawing cycles during the operational lifetime impacts the strength and the durability of a structure. Criteria and reliable test methods for structures exposed for extreme temperatures are not properly addressed in common test methods.
A recently started research program at the Norwegian Technical University NTNU (2015) focus on these challenges to further improve acceptance criteria and test methods in order to obtain the planned service life for offshore platforms in the Arctic.
The paper outlines the planned research for the coming years and how this can improve criteria and test methods to ensure that the design solutions selected for the sub-arctic platforms are able to resist the designs loads in these harsh environment.
Early results from ongoing research programs are presented that show that improved understanding of the impact of the ice conditions and the resulting load on the concrete structure can enable a more reliable design and a more predictable service life.
Representative acceptance criteria and test methods as part of the material qualification process are needed to ensure a reliable design. Improved understanding of the impact of ice in combination with low temperatures and temperature cycles may have a significant cost saving potential, and will ensure that the planned service life is met.
Seasonal Effects on Body Composition, Muscle Characteristics, and Performance of Collegiate Swimmers and Divers
Authors: Roelofs Erica J. , Smith-Ryan Abbie E. , Trexler Eric T. , Hirsch Katie R. 
Published: December 2016

Context: Previous researchers have indicated the importance of body composition and muscle quality in athletic performance. However, body composition and muscle-quality measures in swimmers and divers over a training season have yet to be evaluated.
Objective: To identify changes in body composition and muscle characteristics over a competitive season and identify relationships between these variables and performance in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I swimmers and divers.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: University laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: A total of 17 collegiate swimmers and divers (age = 18.6 ± 0.7 years, height = 175.8 ± 4.0 cm, body mass = 69.7 ± 7.0 kg).
Main Outcome Measure(s): At preseason and postseason, body composition in each participant was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Echo intensity and muscle cross-sectional area were determined from an ultrasound panoramic scan of the vastus lateralis muscle. Race times were obtained from the university athletic Web site.
Results: Lean mass (P = .016), arm lean mass (P = .008), and muscle cross-sectional area (P = .03) were higher at postseason, whereas body fat percentage (P = .041) and echo intensity (P = .0007) were lower at postseason. Performance improved from preseason to postseason in all event groups (sprinters, distance swimmers, and divers; P &lt; .05).
Conclusions: Body composition and muscle characteristics improved through 1 training season, which may have implications for performance. Quantifying body composition and muscle characteristics may be beneficial for professionals who work with athletes in order to improve performance and prevent injury.
NATURE AND GROWTH RESPONSE OF THE MICROFLORA OF PASTEURIZED, PACKAGED MILK1
Authors: Maxcy R. B. 
Published: December 2016

Summary
The microflora of freshly pasteurized, packaged milk is heterogeneous, and the numbers are generally low. While it is commonly assumed all bacteria are included in assays of numbers with plate count agar and standard methods, under normal conditions few are able to grow and contribute significantly to spoilage. Post-pasteurization contamination, which contributes insignificantly to the total count on freshly pasteurized, packaged milk, contributes most of the bacteria that are capable of growth to cause spoilage during subsequent storage. Though there is a delay after pasteurization before significant bacterial growth takes place, the same group of bacteria is responsible at either 5 C or 32 C.
The growth response of these bacteria was measured with a selective medium of nutrient agar containing alkyl aryl sulfonate. Data obtained by the use of the selective medium indicated a potentially useful approach to quality control.
THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE'S NATIONAL COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CENTER IN THE SANITARIAN'S PROGRAM1
Authors: Eagan Hugh E. 
Published: December 2016

The National Communicable Disease Center is the Public Health Service agency for the control of all infectious and certain other preventable diseases. The Center functions through organizational elements called programs—Epidemiology, Laboratory Improvement, Training, Tuberculosis, and Venereal Diseases. There is no program at the Center that does not affect the professional sanitarian as a member of the public health team.
The Center's services in the field of epidemiology, in consultation, in laboratory aids to diagnoses, and in practical procedures affect directly the sanitarian's own program. The publication, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, reports epidemics caused by organisms disseminated by food, milk and water. This information should be invaluable to the sanitarian.
The Training Program has the more significant effect on the sanitarian's effort to control infectious diseases. It provides not only training in the field of sanitation but provides services that state resources cannot afford, among which is help in developing and improving state training programs by producing training aids and the stimulation to use them.
The Center's training program's contribution to the sanitarian consisted of twenty-three course subject areas directly connected to disease control by methods involving the alteration of environmental factors. In these courses, attended by 2,213 persons, 42% were engaged. directly in the sanitary sciences. Of the 24,000 total enrollment in 1966, 66% of the persons were from local and state health departments.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SOFT-SERVE FROZEN DESSERTS1
Authors: Martin J. H. , Roberts R. E. , Sheuring J. J. 
Published: December 2016

Soft-serve frozen dessert mixes and the freezer-dispensed products made from these mixes were examined for total bacteria, coliform organisms, and heat-resistant spores over a 3 yr period.
A total of 76% of all soft-serve mix samples analyzed contained less than 50,000 bacteria/ml, and 72% contained less than 10 coliform organisms per ml. These data indicate that most mix plants and retail stores could meet the above standards if adopted for soft-serve mixes.
A maximum limit of 50,000 total bacteria and 10 coliforms/ml would pose a problem with the freezer-dispensed soft-frozen product, because only 42% and 51% of the retail samples analyzed would meet these total count and coliform standards, respectively.
Spore counts were of little consequence in soft-serve mixes or frozen products, and a maximum allowable standard of 300/ml would be a reasonable figure that could be met with little difficulty by the processor and retailer.
FOOD INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FUTURE1
Authors: Garner R. G. 
Published: December 2016

It is apparent that the food industry of the future will be a dynamic, complex and a large-scale commercial operation. Vertical and horizontal integration will likely increase and thus blur the lines between agricultural production and agricultural processing. The growing need for food can only result in further rapid technological development. Accelerated progress toward more sophisticated, more convenient, nutritious and attractive foods can be expected to result from intensified application of science and technology. The amount of processing, handling and distribution of food will increase as a result of the lengthening distance between producer and consumer. Production of food, water, and energy to do man's work will be of the utmost importance. Nuclear energy will be used in producing man's food and water. Maintaining the safety and wholesomeness of an ever-changing food supply will require increasing emphasis on food sanitation.
Quite apart from its importance in supplying world food needs, the food processing industry—including the production, distribution and marketing activities that are associated with it—will be considered a national resource of highest priority in meeting problems which affect our interests in international trade and assistance to developing countries. Food processing will be the key to economic development.
SANITATION PROBLEMS IN THE PRODUCTION OF FROZEN CITRUS CONCENTRATE1
Authors: Murdock D. I. 
Published: December 2016

Extensive repairs are made during the off season in food plants operating on a seasonal basis. Precautions taken to protect equipment during down periods are discussed.
Microorganisms causing food poisoning do not grow, but die readily in citrus juices and concentrates. Coliform bacteria are of no apparent public health significance in frozen citrus concentrates, partially concentrated or single strength citrus juices. Lactic acid bacteria, which constitute the most important index of processing sanitation, are held in check by constant sanitation efforts.
Soundness of incoming fruit and efficiency of grading are important factors in final product quality. Chlorinated water sprays are used to sanitize fruit handling equipment. A chlorine concentration of 15 ppm was found to be effective in controlling conveyor belt contamination at one plant.
The TASTE evaporator (thermal accelerated short time evaporator), now used almost universally in the citrus industry, is not a source of microbial contamination. Data indicate that a loss of diacetyl occurs when it is used for processing.
In distributing finished product from processor to consumer, an occasional can may infrequently be exposed to conditions conducive to the development of spoilage. Tests results indicate that for a 6 oz can of frozen concentrated orange juice to swell or burst, 3 or more days are required at room temperature, and 5 or more wk at 40 F.
Microbial contamination is controlled in the citrus industry by strict adherence to fruit quality and by maintaining an efficient sanitation program. The diacetyl test is used as a quality control tool to detect microbial activity in processing orange and grapefruit concentrates.
Good housekeeping is an important adjunct to sanitation. One company employs a good housekeeping/safety contest as a method of maintaining a safe and neat-appearing plant. The contest has resulted in improved morale of employees, along with better over-all plant sanitation and efficiency.
SALMONELLAE AND THE FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE: A CURRENT EVALUATION1
Authors: Goepfert J. M. , Insalata N. F. 
Published: December 2016

The increased microbiological surveillance of foods by government regulatory agencies and industry has shown that salmonellae are an important cause of food-borne disease. The significance of salmonellae in food-borne disease has made it mandatory for regulatory agencies as well as industry to develop a rapid, reliable, and reproducible method for the recovery of salmonellae in feeds and foods.
Standard cultural procedures have become increasingly sensitive but not without a proportional increase in the time necessary for salmonellae detection and confirmation. This test may require from 5 to 7 days elapsed time with all of the implied disadvantages.
One of the most promising areas of activity is the rapid microbiological-serological technique employing an improved fluorescent-antibody procedure. While much has been done by the medical technologist, the application of this technique is relatively new in food microbiology. The published data show the method to be highly promising and possibly even more sensitive than the standard cultural procedure.
This technique is not without its inherent problems. Like all methods under investigation, there are differences in procedure, validity, and interpretation of the data. These are cited, with a description and critique of the work done, in order to give the reader an opportunity to evaluate the state of the art.
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY CONTROL IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY1
Authors: Mossel D. A. A. 
Published: December 2016

In quality control in the food industry in North-Western Europe, safety and keeping quality of final products are mostly maintained by preventative systems of factory surveillance, rather than by the “analytical” approach in which finished product samples are examined and measures taken later, based on the results of such an examination of samples. Methods are recommended for verifying that all preventative measures have been taken correctly.
Since microbiological examination of samples is often the sole way of checking on goods, e.g. upon importation, methods for this purpose are also recommended. It is strongly suggested that numbers of tests applied to each commodity are limited and that the groups of organisms to be determined in each instance will be chosen after careful study of the microorganisms associated with a particular food. The need for standards in evaluating the results obtained is stressed. A first attempt in streamlining, mechanization, automation, and data handling in this area, is presented.
Thorough retrospective complaint examination, i.e. a careful analysis of what may have caused rejection of consignments despite preventative quality control, is recommended as useful for avoiding repetition of the same or similar phenomena in future. Microbiological methods and chemical tests for microbial metabolites in instances where complete or partial autosterilization has occurred, are recommended.
MONITORING MILK PLANT WASTE EFFLUENT-A NEW TOOL FOR PLANT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Zall R. R. , Jordan W. K. 
Published: December 2016

A two-phase investigation of food plants consisted of field visits to 55 locations to view waste handling methods and then a single site analysis in which in-plant waste reduction was emphasized.
Phase I showed that personnel in one plant only measured waste discharge volumes. Only 16 of the 55 plant supervisors could assign a dollar value to their firm's waste handling program. The total sampling indicated that 41.7% of the sites had waste disposal systems approved by an appropriate regulatory agency, 29.3% used systems that did not have such approval, 29% utilized municipal systems, and 16.6% discharged wastes as land irrigation.
Phase II singled out one processing plant which was subjected to measures emphasizing in-plant actions to minimize waste. This plant reduced its waste volume by 50%. Segregation of product rinsings reduced the daily pounds of BOD generated by as much as 50%. In addition, data were collected to show the value of detergent reuse.
A new use for waste recording information developed from monitoring waste effluents. The performance of management and production workers can be graded by waste production indices. Inexpensive equipment such as temperature recorders, conductivity scanners, and weir measuring devices can be used to pinpoint weaknesses in plant operations. Not only can waste handling costs be reduced, but in-plant savings of raw materials can produce a new source of revenue.
A COMPARISON OF SCREENING TESTS TO DETECT ABNORMAL MILK1
Authors: Nageswararao G. , Calbert H. E. 
Published: December 2016

The results of the Feulgen-DNA-color optical density and score, the California mastitis test (CMT) score, viscosity developed in milk samples by addition of equal volume of CMT reagent, the catalase test, the (direct microscopic count bf leucocytes, and the proportion of live leucocytes were compared using fresh, quarter, and bucket milk samples and 1 to 2 day old bulk milk samples. The Feulgen-DNA-color gave. good correlations with all the tests in all types of samples, except with the CMT of bulk samples. The CMT score and viscosity gave good correlations with all the tests on fresh milk samples and insignificant correlation with stored milk samples. The catalase test gave good correlations with all other tests in fresh samples and low but significant correlations with stored samples. Quarter and bucket milk samples contained 71% and 74% live leucocytes and bulk milk samples contained 42% live leucocytes.
Holding of milk at 5 C for 5 days did not significantly change the Feulgen-DNA-color and catalase activity, slightly increased total leucocyte counts, but gradually decreased the CMT score, the viscosity, and the proportion of live leucocytes.
The Feulgcn-DNA-color of milk samples containing few millions of leucocytes and the direct microscopic count of total, leucocytes gave poor reproducibility.
SANITARY ASPECTS OF MILKING SYSTEMS AND BULK FARM TANKS1
Authors: Lane C. Bronson 
Published: December 2016

The dairy industry has been a leader in protecting the consumer from pathogenic organisms in the milk supply. However, it does not always offer the consumer products with long shelf life, as is shown by keeping quality studies on dairy products obtained from retail outlets.
Both producers and processors can be blamed for the high incidence of dairy product dropouts, those products that are spoiled by the time they reach the consumer's refrigerator. Yet it must be emphasized that the finished product can be no better than the raw ingredient that went into the making of the product.
High quality milk can be produced by any dairyman having the will and motivation to succeed, the fixed determination to get the job done, and the proper training in sanitation principles.
Proper cleaning and sanitizing procedures for use on milking systems and bulk farm tanks are outlined. Proper sanitation procedures must be followed, as unclean milking equipment is a primary cause of quality problems on the farm and in the marketplace. With the full cooperation of our industry, dairy product dropouts will no longer plague the producers, processors, and ultimately, the consumers.