bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Multitarget Effects of Combinations through Multistep Clustering of Pharmacological Data: the Example of the Commercial Preparation Iberogast
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Heba , Kelber Olaf , Lorkowski Gerhard , Storr Martin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHerbal combination preparations are widely used in traditional herbal medicine and are even established as modern evidence-based herbal medicinal products. The rationale behind such combinations is often questioned and assessing the contribution of each of the combination partners to overall activity is challenging. STW 5 (Iberogast) is such a combination with confirmed clinical efficacy in functional gastrointestinal disorders. It consists of nine plant extracts responsible for its multitarget function in these multifactorial diseases with their heterogeneous and overlapping pathomechanisms. This makes the combination an ideal candidate for the use of the newly described method of stepwise cluster analysis, a standardized procedure to transfer heterogeneous pharmacological data, from different models, into effect size categories. This allows for a stepwise cluster formation starting from the level of single tests up to the level of different pathomechanisms involved in the development of a certain disease, in this case functional dyspepsia subtypes and irritable bowel syndrome. In the current article, an overview on the pharmacological data on STW 5 and its single components is provided. The data are further analyzed using stepwise cluster formation, resulting in a summary of the different modes of action of STW 5 along with an evaluation of the contribution of the single constituents to the overall multitarget effects of the herbal combination preparation.
Acute Abdomen Syndrome Due To Spontaneous Intraperitoneal Bladder Rupture Following Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Habek Dubravko , Marton Ingrid , Luetic Ana , Prka Matija , Kuljak Zeljka , Živković Krešimir , Cenkovčan Mario , Mazuran Berislav 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe report a rare case of spontaneous intraperitoneal bladder rupture following normal vaginal delivery without concomitant uterine rupture. Key diagnostic clinical features were acute renal failure, new-onset ascites and bowel ileus with urosepsis. Laparotomy and bladder repair with omentum patch were performed with no adverse outcome reported.
Belief in free will affects causal attributions when judging others’ behavior
Authors: Genschow Oliver , Rigoni Davide , Brass Marcel 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The question whether free will exists or not has been a matter of debate in philosophy for centuries. Recently, researchers claimed that free will is nothing more than a myth. Although the validity of this claim is debatable, it attracted much attention in the general public. This raises the crucial question whether it matters if people believe in free will or not. In six studies, we tested whether believing in free will is related to the correspondence bias—that is, people’s automatic tendency to overestimate the influence of internal as compared to external factors when interpreting others’ behavior. Overall, we demonstrate that believing in free will increases the correspondence bias and predicts prescribed punishment and reward behavior.
A graph regularized non-negative matrix factorization method for identifying microRNA-disease associations
Authors: Xiao Qiu , Luo Jiawei , Liang Cheng , Cai Jie , Ding Pingjian 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Motivation
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in post-transcriptional regulations and various cellular processes. The identification of disease-related miRNAs provides great insights into the underlying pathogenesis of diseases at a system level. However, most existing computational approaches are biased towards known miRNA-disease associations, which is inappropriate for those new diseases or miRNAs without any known association information.

Results
In this study, we propose a new method with graph regularized non-negative matrix factorization in heterogeneous omics data, called GRNMF, to discover potential associations between miRNAs and diseases, especially for new diseases and miRNAs or those diseases and miRNAs with sparse known associations. First, we integrate the disease semantic information and miRNA functional information to estimate disease similarity and miRNA similarity, respectively. Considering that there is no available interaction observed for new diseases or miRNAs, a preprocessing step is developed to construct the interaction score profiles that will assist in prediction. Next, a graph regularized non-negative matrix factorization framework is utilized to simultaneously identify potential associations for all diseases. The results indicated that our proposed method can effectively prioritize disease-associated miRNAs with higher accuracy compared with other recent approaches. Moreover, case studies also demonstrated the effectiveness of GRNMF to infer unknown miRNA-disease associations for those novel diseases and miRNAs.

Availability and implementation
The code of GRNMF is freely available at https://github.com/XIAO-HN/GRNMF/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Age-Related Changes in Temporal Processing of Rapidly-Presented Sound Sequences in the Macaque Auditory Cortex
Authors: Ng Chi-Wing , Recanzone Gregg H 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The mammalian auditory cortex is necessary to resolve temporal features in rapidly-changing sound streams. This capability is crucial for speech comprehension in humans and declines with normal aging. Nonhuman primate studies have revealed detrimental effects of normal aging on the auditory nervous system, and yet the underlying influence on temporal processing remains less well-defined. Therefore, we recorded from the core and lateral belt areas of auditory cortex when awake young and old monkeys listened to tone-pip and noise-burst sound sequences. Elevated spontaneous and stimulus-driven activity were the hallmark characteristics in old monkeys. These old neurons showed isomorphic-like discharge patterns to stimulus envelopes, though their phase-locking was less precise. Functional preference in temporal coding between the core and belt existed in the young monkeys but was mostly absent in the old monkeys, in which old belt neurons showed core-like response profiles. Finally, the analysis of population activity patterns indicated that the aged auditory cortex demonstrated a homogenous, distributed coding strategy, compared to the selective, sparse coding strategy observed in the young monkeys. Degraded temporal fidelity and highly-responsive, broadly-tuned cortical responses could underlie how aged humans have difficulties to resolve and track dynamic sounds leading to speech processing deficits.
Clinical and Histologic Evaluation of Ingenol Mebutate 0.015% Gel for the Cosmetic Improvement of Photoaged Skin
Authors: Handler Marc Z. , Bloom Bradley S. , Goldberg David J. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND
No studies have examined the use of topical ingenol mebutate for improvement of photoaged skin.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate clinical results of ingenol mebutate gel applied to photoaged skin and to quantify improvement at 7, 30, and 60 days after application.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-five subjects were enrolled in the study. Picato (ingenol mebutate) (LEO Pharma, Parsippany, NJ) gel was applied to an area with a known actinic keratosis daily for 3 days. Subjects self-evaluated and were investigator evaluated on 6 characteristics on Days 7, 30, and 60 using an objective scale. The scale evaluated actinic keratosis, overall skin appearance, wrinkling, dyschromia, erythema, and texture. The subjects were also evaluated using the Griffiths' Photonumeric Photoaging Scale for overall improvement.

RESULTS
Twenty-two subjects completed the clinical study and demonstrated statistically significant improvement by Day 60 in actinic keratosis, overall skin appearance, wrinkling, dyschromia, erythema, and texture (p < .05).

CONCLUSION
Topical ingenol mebutate 0.015% gel produces cosmetic improvement of photoaged skin within 60 days of application.
Developing an Addictions Nursing Competency Framework Within a Canadian Context
Authors: Ling Sara , Watson Alison , Gehrs Margaret 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Clients with substance use disorders access care in all areas of the health care system, yet the Canadian nursing literature lacks content on the knowledge, skills, and judgment needed by nurses who work with this population. To address this literature gap, two Advanced Practice Nurses adapted the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse’s Technical Competencies for Canada’s Substance Abuse Workforce to include nursing content and theory. This article describes the adaptation process and validation method used by the Advanced Practice Nurses at a large, Canadian urban teaching hospital and includes discussion about actual and potential opportunities for practical application of the adapted framework.
Perspectives on a Home Telehealth Care Management Program for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Who Smoke
Authors: Peterson Jamie , Battaglia Catherine , Fehling Kelty B. , Williams Katherine M. , Lambert-Kerzner Anne 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background:
Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have high rates of smoking and low quit rates. We conducted a qualitative evaluation of an integrated smoking cessation randomized controlled trial (RCT) that used home telehealth and motivational interviewing (MI) to change smoking behaviors among individuals with PTSD.

Method:
Using a convenience sample sourced from the original RCT, intervention and control group participants were invited to participate in a qualitative evaluation. Semistructured interview guides were used to assess the effectiveness of study components, make recommendations for future interventions, and identify facilitators/barriers to smoking cessation. We analyzed these data using an inductive and deductive, team-based content analysis approach.

Results:
We interviewed 32 study participants (intervention: n = 15, control: n = 17) who completed the original RCT within the previous 6 months. Respondents were highly satisfied with home telehealth and MI counseling. The intervention group respondents found MI counseling to be supportive, nonjudgmental, and informative. Control group respondents felt that they had received smoking cessation assistance. Respondents from both groups desired more information about PTSD and smoking, relied on smoking as a coping mechanism for PTSD, and believed that quitting was an individual choice.

Conclusion:
Respondents reported that home telehealth and MI were acceptable ways to provide smoking cessation assistance to individuals with PTSD. The support and increased awareness of smoking behaviors were perceived as helpful. Future investigations should focus on increasing support and information about stress management, smoking, PTSD, and the relationship between them for individuals with PTSD who smoke.
Influence of Ankle Active Dorsiflexion Movement Guided by Inspiration on the Venous Return From the Lower Limbs: A Prospective Study
Authors: Pi Hongying , Ku Hong’an , Zhao Ting , Wang Jie , Fu Yicheng 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Active ankle movement is recommended intervention for preventing deep vein thrombosis effectively and easily by promoting venous return from the lower limbs. The active ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion movement guided by deep breathing is considered the most effective method, although outstanding problems remain, including low patient compliance and difficult motion essentials.

Purpose:
The aims of this study were to compare the influence of different ankle active movements on venous return from the lower limbs and to suggest the optimal movement for preventing deep venous thrombosis in the lower limbs.

Methods:
A self-controlled study on 130 subjects was undertaken. The femoral venous hemodynamics of the left femoral vein and changes in pulse oxygen saturation and heart rate were compared among the three states of quiescent, active ankle 30° dorsiflexion movement, and active ankle 30° dorsiflexion with active plantar 45° flexion movement. The immediate master rates of the two ankle movements were examined before the study.

Results:
The femoral venous hemodynamics of the left femoral vein were significantly higher in both movement states compared with the quiescent state. Moreover, no significant difference was found among the three states in terms of pulse oxygen saturation and heart rate. The immediate master rate was significantly higher in the active ankle 30° dorsiflexion movement than in the active ankle 30° dorsiflexion and active plantar 45° flexion movement. Therefore, active ankle 30° dorsiflexion movement guided by inspiration was found in this study to increase femoral venous hemodynamics, which heightened the immediate master rate but had no obvious influence on pulse oxygen saturation and heart rate.

Conclusions:
Active ankle 30° dorsiflexion movement guided by inspiration effectively promotes venous return from the lower limbs and is a better method to prevent deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs.
Faecal microbiota transplantation: establishment of a clinical application framework
Authors: Jørgensen Simon M.D. , Hansen Mette M. , Erikstrup Christian , Dahlerup Jens F. , Hvas Christian L. 
Published: August 2017

Background
Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is currently being established as a second-line treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. FMT is further being considered for other infectious and inflammatory conditions. Safe and reproducible methods for donor screening, laboratory processing and clinical application of FMT are warranted.

Methods
Here, we describe the development of a complete clinical application framework for FMT. The framework has been developed to comply with the European Tissue Act, thus considering donor faeces for FMT comparable to a human tissue and not a drug.

Results
Recruitment and screening of potential faeces donors took place in the public blood donor setting and consisted of questionnaires, blood sampling and faecal sample analysis. Once approved, and following their written informed consent, eligible donors were invited for voluntary faecal donation. Laboratory processing protocols describe the initial handling, cryopreservation and thawing for clinical application. The clinical FMT procedures took place in a gastroenterological setting using a nasojejunal tube or colonoscopy, and follow-ups were performed at 1, 8 and 26 weeks after FMT. Complete traceability of essential equipment, faecal samples and donor–recipient matching data will be maintained and secured for 30 years.

Conclusion
A clinical FMT service should be consolidated by a complete documentation system that complies with the European Tissue Act. In this paper, we provide a description of such a framework.
Persistent Super-Utilization of Acute Care Services Among Subgroups of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Szymkowiak Dorota , Montgomery Ann Elizabeth , Johnson Erin E. , Manning Todd , O’Toole Thomas P. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Acute health care utilization often occurs among persons experiencing homelessness. However, knowing which individuals will be persistent super-utilizers of acute care is less well understood.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to identify those more likely to be persistent super-utilizers of acute care services.

Research Design:
We conducted a latent class analysis of secondary data from the Veterans Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse, and Homeless Operations Management and Evaluation System. The study sample included 16,912 veterans who experienced homelessness and met super-utilizer criteria in any quarter between July 1, 2014 and December 31, 2015. The latent class analysis included veterans’ diagnoses and acute care utilization.

Results:
Medical, mental health, and substance use morbidity rates were high. More than half of the sample utilized Veterans Health Administration Homeless Programs concurrently with their super-utilization of acute care. There were 7 subgroups of super-utilizers, which varied considerably on the degree to which their super-utilization persisted over time. Approximately a third of the sample met super-utilizer criteria for ≥3 quarters; this group was older and disproportionately male, non-Hispanic white, and unmarried, with lower rates of post-9/11 service and higher rates of rural residence and service-connected disability. They were much more likely to be currently homeless with more medical, mental health, and substance use morbidity.

Conclusion:
Only a subset of homeless veterans were persistent super-utilizers, suggesting the need for more targeted interventions.
Addressing Occupational Fatigue in Nurses
Authors: Steege Linsey M. , Pinekenstein Barbara J. , Rainbow Jessica G. , Arsenault Knudsen Élise 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article is to describe the current state of fatigue risk management systems (FRMSs) to address nurse fatigue in hospitals.

BACKGROUND
Little is known about the current state of FRMS implementation and adoption of national recommendations in nursing work systems.

METHODS
This study used a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design including a survey of nurse leaders from across the United States.

RESULTS
Adoption of evidence-based policies to address fatigue is both limited and variable depending on the policy. Nurse leaders indicate that while nurse fatigue is an important issue and has negative consequences, the social norms of fatigue have not allowed the elevation of this topic to trigger sweeping organizational change.

CONCLUSIONS
This study provides a framework for implementation of FRMSs as an innovation, highlighting the critical role of nurse leaders in adoption and dissemination. Raising the visibility of fatigue across the organization is a critical 1st step.
Transcriptional Architecture of Synaptic Communication Delineates Cortical GABAergic Neuron Identity
Authors: Paul Anirban , Crow Megan , Raudales Ricardo , Gillis Jesse , Huang Z. Josh 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the organizational logic of neural circuits requires deciphering the biological basis of neuron type diversity and identity, but there is no consensus on defining a neuron type. We analyzed single cell transcriptomes of anatomically and physiologically characterized cortical ground truth populations and conducted a computational genomic screen for transcription profiles that distinguish them. We discovered that cardinal GABAergic neuron types are delineated by a transcriptional architecture that encodes their synaptic communication patterns. This architecture comprises 6 categories of ~40 gene families including cell adhesion molecules, transmitter-modulator receptors, ion channels, signaling proteins, neuropeptides and vesicular release components, and transcription factors. Combinatorial expression of select members across families shapes a multi-layered molecular scaffold along cell membrane that may customize synaptic connectivity patterns and input-output signaling properties. This molecular genetic framework of neuronal identity integrates cell phenotypes along multiple axes and provides a foundation for discovering and classifying neuron types.
Novel Computed Tomography-based tools reliably quantify plant reproductive investment
Authors: Staedler Yannick M. , Kreisberger Thomas , Manafzadeh Sara , Chartier Marion , Handschuh Stephan , Pamperl Susanne , Sontag Susanne , Paun Ovidiu , Schöenenberger Jüerg 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe flower is a bisexual reproductive unit where both genders compete for resources. Counting pollen and ovules in flowers is essential to understand how much is invested in each gender. Classical methods to count very numerous pollen grains and ovules are inefficient when pollen grains are tightly aggregated, and when fertilization rates of ovules are unknown. We thus established novel, Computed-Tomography-based counting techniques. In order to display the potential of our methods in very difficult cases, we counted pollen and ovules across inflorescences of deceptive and rewarding species of European orchids, which possess both very large numbers of pollen grains (tightly aggregated) and ovules. Pollen counts did not significantly vary across inflorescences and pollination strategies, whereas deceptive flowers had significantly more ovules than rewarding flowers. The within inflorescence variance of pollen to ovule ratios in rewarding flowers was four times higher than in deceptive flowers, possibly demonstrating differences in the constraints acting on both pollination strategies. We demonstrate the inaccuracies and limitations of previously established methods, and the broad applicability of our new techniques: they allow measurement of reproductive investment without restriction on object number or aggregation, and without specimen destruction.
Inevitability of the emergence and persistence of genetic parasites caused by thermodynamic instability of parasite-free states
Authors: Koonin Eugene V. , Wolf Yuri I. , Katsnelson Mikhail I. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGenetic parasites, including viruses and mobile genetic elements, are ubiquitous among cellular life forms, and moreover, are the most abundant biological entities on earth that harbor the bulk of the genetic diversity. Here we examine simple thought experiments to demonstrate that both the emergence of parasites in simple replicator systems and their persistence in evolving life forms are inevitable because the putative parasite-free states are thermodynamically unstable.
The modulation of neural gain facilitates a transition between functional segregation and integration in the brain
Authors: Shine James M. , Aburn Matthew J. , Breakspear Michael , Poldrack Russell A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCognitive function relies on a dynamic, context-sensitive balance between functional integration and segregation in the brain. Previous work has proposed that this balance is mediated by global fluctuations in neural gain by projections from ascending neuromodulatory nuclei. To test this hypothesisin silico, we studied the effects of neural gain on network dynamics in a model of large-scale neuronal dynamics. We found that increases in neural gain pushed the network through an abrupt dynamical transition, leading to an integrated network topology that was maximal in frontoparietal ‘rich club’ regions. This gain-mediated transition was also associated with increased topological complexity, as well as increased variability in time-resolved topological structure, further highlighting the potential computational benefits of the gain-mediated network transition. These results support the hypothesis that neural gain modulation has the computational capacity to mediate the balance between integration and segregation in the brain.