bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coagulation Gene Expression Profiling in Infants With Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Giuliani Stefano , Tan Yew‐Wei , Zheng Dongling , Petropoulou Evmorfia , Sohail Ali , Bradley Sarah , Richards Justin , Kennea Nigel , Jamshidi Yalda 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Coagulopathy and mesenteric thrombosis are common in premature neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This pilot study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that there are changes in the gene expression related to the coagulation and anticoagulation systems in NEC.Methods:Consecutive neonates (n = 11) with NEC (Bell stages 2–3) were recruited. Two comparison groups, matched for birth weight and corrected gestational age, were selected based on the absence of inflammation and coagulopathy (healthy control, n = 10), or the presence of a confirmed blood infection (sepsis control, n = 12). A pathway‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction array was used to determine the expression of 94 genes involved in human blood coagulation and anticoagulation cascade.Results:Twelve genes of the coagulation and anticoagulation systems were significantly altered in the patients with NEC compared with healthy controls. In particular, neutrophil elastase, CD63, PROS1, HGF, and F12 were significantly upregulated (mean fold changes [FCs] +2.74, P < 0.05) with an overall procoagulant effect; MFGE8, factor II (thrombin) receptor‐like 1 (F2RL1), FGL2, PLAT, PROCR, SERPIND1, and HNF4A were significantly downregulated (mean FCs −2.45, P < 0.05) with a reduction in fibrinolysis and endothelial regeneration. In the comparison between NEC and sepsis, we did observe a significant difference in expression of F2RL1 (FC −2.50, P = 0.01).Conclusions:We have identified potential biomarkers associated with coagulopathy and disease progression in NEC. In particular, the overall procoagulant status, at the transcriptional level, should be further investigated to unveil molecular mechanisms leading to intestinal necrosis, multiorgan failure, and death.
Prevention of Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in Newborn Infants
Authors:   ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition, Mihatsch Walter A. , Braegger Christian , Bronsky Jiri , Campoy Cristina , Domellöf Magnus , Fewtrell Mary , Mis Nataša F. , Hojsak Iva , Hulst Jessie , Indrio Flavia , Lapillonne Alexandre , M⊘lgaard Christian , Embleton Nicholas , van Goudoever Johannes 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTVitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) due to physiologically low vitamin K plasma concentrations is a serious risk for newborn and young infants and can be largely prevented by adequate vitamin K supplementation. The aim of this position paper is to define the condition, describe the prevalence, discuss current prophylaxis practices and outcomes, and to provide recommendations for the prevention of VKDB in healthy term newborns and infants. All newborn infants should receive vitamin K prophylaxis and the date, dose, and mode of administration should be documented. Parental refusal of vitamin K prophylaxis after adequate information is provided should be recorded especially because of the risk of late VKDB. Healthy newborn infants should either receive 1 mg of vitamin K1 by intramuscular injection at birth; or 3 × 2 mg vitamin K1 orally at birth, at 4 to 6 days and at 4 to 6 weeks; or 2 mg vitamin K1 orally at birth, and a weekly dose of 1 mg orally for 3 months. Intramuscular application is the preferred route for efficiency and reliability of administration. The success of an oral policy depends on compliance with the protocol and this may vary between populations and healthcare settings. If the infant vomits or regurgitates the formulation within 1 hour of administration, repeating the oral dose may be appropriate. The oral route is not appropriate for preterm infants and for newborns who have cholestasis or impaired intestinal absorption or are too unwell to take oral vitamin K1, or those whose mothers have taken medications that interfere with vitamin K metabolism. Parents who receive prenatal education about the importance of vitamin K prophylaxis may be more likely to comply with local procedures.
Transanal Irrigation in the Treatment of Children With Intractable Functional Constipation
Authors: Koppen Ilan J.N. , Kuizenga‐Wessel Sophie , Voogt Heleen W. , Voskeuil Marijke E. , Benninga Marc A. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to assess the treatment efficacy of transanal irrigation and parental satisfaction in children with intractable functional constipation (FC) treated with Peristeen.Methods:Cross‐sectional survey study among parents of children (age 0–18 years) treated with Peristeen for FC (based on the Rome III criteria). Anonymous questionnaires were sent out to parents via mail, these consisted of 25 self‐developed, multiple‐choice questions regarding the use of Peristeen, current gastrointestinal symptoms, adverse effects of Peristeen, concomitant medication use, and parental satisfaction.Results:Out of 91 invited families, 67 (74%) returned the questionnaire. In total, 84% of patients experienced fecal incontinence prior to treatment. Out of all children who still used Peristeen at the time of survey (n = 49), fecal incontinence had resolved completely in 41%, 12% experienced occasional episodes of fecal incontinence (<1 episode per week) and the remaining 47% still experienced episodes of fecal incontinence regularly (≥1 time per week). A total of 28 children (42%) experienced pain during rectal irrigation, especially during insertion of the catheter, inflating the balloon, or during irrigation. Overall, 86% of the parents were satisfied with the result of transanal irrigation and 67% reported that they would continue using transanal irrigation for the treatment of their child's symptoms.Conclusions:Transanal irrigation may be effective in the treatment of children with FC and renders a high parental satisfaction. Future prospective studies, preferably RCTs, are necessary to further evaluate this treatment option.
Nurses’ Perceptions of Diagnosis and Prognosis-Related Communication
Authors: Newman Amy R. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Disclosure of diagnostic and prognostic information has become the standard in the United States and increasingly around the world. Disclosure is generally identified as the responsibility of the physician. However, nurses are active participants in the process both intentionally and inadvertently. If not included in initial discussions regarding diagnosis and prognosis, the nurse may find it challenging to openly support the patient and family.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to synthesize published literature regarding nurses’ perceptions and experiences with diagnosis and prognosis-related communication.

Methods:
The Whittemore and Knafl method guided the integrative review process. Electronic databases including Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Health Sciences in ProQuest, PubMed, and Web of Science were used to review the literature from 2000 to 2015. Constant comparison methods were used to analyze the data and develop themes.

Results:
Thirty articles met all of the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Several themes emerged from the data, including the nurse’s role in the process of diagnosis and prognosis-related communication, barriers and difficulties related to communication, and positive and negative outcomes.

Conclusions:
Nurses play an integral role in the process of diagnostic and prognostic disclosure. Further exploration of both physician and patient perceptions of the nurse’s role are needed. Interprofessional training regarding diagnosis and prognosis-related communication is essential to promote collaboration and better empower nurses in this process.

Implications for Practice:
Nurses should aim to purposefully partner with physician colleagues to plan and participate in diagnostic and prognostic discussions. Nurses should identify opportunities to improve their knowledge, understanding, and comfort with challenging conversations.
Penis Cancer
Authors: Gordon Hyacinth , LoBiondo-Wood Geri , Malecha Ann 
Published: April 2016

Background:
This qualitative study examined the experiences of men with penis cancer. Cancer of the penis is a rare and debilitating disease, affecting 1 in 100 000 men in Western countries. Although much has been written about the medical treatment of the disease, little has been published about the experiences of men who have penis cancer.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to gain an understanding of the lived experiences of men with cancer of the penis.

Methods:
Using face-to-face audio-taped interviews with a semi-structured guide, the researcher recruited a purposive sample of 13 men who had been treated for penile cancer. Heidegger’s hermeneutic phenomenology served as the philosophical underpinning and Colazzi’s method was used to analyze the data.

Results:
Six main themes emerged from the data: Misdiagnosis, Secrecy, “Cancer is cancer,” Sexual Issues, Support, and Awareness and Prevention.

Conclusions:
Men diagnosed and treated for penis cancer reported numerous issues related to misdiagnosis, delayed treatment, and reluctance to share experience with family, friends, and coworkers.

Implications for Practice:
Gaining more knowledge of the experiences of men with penile cancer will provide additional insights for healthcare providers to create holistic practice guidelines for the care of men and their loved ones who are affected. It is recommended to change the terminology to penis cancer, instead of penile cancer, to promote public awareness, education, prevention, and early treatment.
The Effectiveness of Hologram Bracelets in Reducing Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Among Adult Patients With Cancer
Authors: Akhu-Zaheya Laila M. , Khater Wejdan A. , Lafi Asma Y. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) affects cancer patients’ quality of life, despite the provision of antiemetic medication.

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to assess the clinical effectiveness of the hologram bracelet in the management of CINV among adult patients with cancer.

Methods:
An experimental, double-blinded design spanning 3 courses of chemotherapy was used; 175 oncology patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups: placebo (n = 53), control (n = 54), and intervention (hologram bracelet) (n = 68). Daily diaries were used to detect the severity and the frequency of CINV and to detect the frequency of using antiemetic medications. The Functioning Living Index–Emesis was used to examine the impact of CINV on the activities of daily living.

Results:
Significant CINV differences existed between groups. The mean total Functioning Living Index–Emesis score was significantly lower in the intervention group for total vomiting and total nausea.

Conclusion:
Hologram bracelet use among patients with cancer had a positive effect on CINV. The level of CINV decreased and activity of daily living scores increased. However, effects varied among the types of CINV.

Implications for Practice:
Further study is recommended to explore the benefits of the bracelet.
Are Specific Early-Life Adversities Associated With Specific Symptoms of Psychosis?
Authors: Wickham Sophie , Bentall Richard 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that there may be associations between specific adversities and specific psychotic symptoms. There is also evidence that beliefs about justice may play a role in paranoid symptoms. In this study, we determined whether these associations could be replicated in a patient sample and whether beliefs about a just world played a specific role in the relationship between adversity and paranoia. We examined associations between childhood trauma, belief in justice, and paranoia and hallucinatory experiences in 144 individuals: 72 individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 72 comparison controls. There was a dose-response relationship between cumulative trauma and psychosis. When controlling for comorbidity between symptoms, childhood sexual abuse predicted hallucinatory experiences, and experiences of childhood emotional neglect predicted paranoia. The relationship between neglect and paranoia was mediated by a perception of personal injustice. The findings replicate in a patient sample previous observations from epidemiological research.
Inflammatory Cell Upregulation of the Lid Wiper in Contact Lens Dry Eye
Authors: Alzahrani Yahya , Colorado Luisa , Pritchard Nicola , Efron Nathan 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To determine if Langerhans cells in the lid wiper are upregulated in contact lens-induced dry eye (CLIDE).

Methods
The lid wiper of one eye of 17 participants with CLIDE (assessed using the CLDEQ-8) and 29 without CLIDE (NO-CLIDE) was examined using a Heidelberg laser scanning confocal microscope after 6 months wear of daily disposable hydrogel contact lenses (Biomedics 1 day Extra). Twenty non–contact-lens-wearing controls were also examined. Langerhans cell density (LCD) in each participant was taken as the mean cell count calculated manually from six clear, randomly selected images of known dimensions.

Results
There were significant overall differences in LCD in the lid wiper among the three groups (p < 0.001). LCD was significantly greater in the lid wiper in CLIDE (17 ± 10 cells/mm2) compared to controls (8 ± 4 cells/mm2) (p < 0.001); however, there was no difference in LCD between NO-CLIDE (10 ± 5 cells/mm2) and controls (p = 0.489). LCD was significantly greater in CLIDE than NO-CLIDE (p = 0.002).

Conclusions
Langerhans cells in the lid wiper are upregulated in CLIDE, suggesting an inflammatory component in the etiology of this condition.
Variability and Errors of Manually Digitized Goldmann Visual Fields
Authors: Barry Michael P. , Bittner Ava K. , Yang Liancheng , Marcus Rebecca , Iftikhar Mian Haris , Dagnelie Gislin 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Goldmann visual fields (GVFs) are useful for tracking changes in areas of functional retina, including the periphery, in inherited retinal degeneration patients. Quantitative GVF analysis requires digitization of the chart coordinates for the main axes and isopter points marked by the GVF operator during testing. This study investigated inter- and intra-digitizer variability among users of a manual GVF digitization program.

Methods
Ten digitizers were trained for 1 hour, then digitized 23 different GVFs from inherited retinal degeneration patients in each of three testing blocks. Digitizers labeled each isopter as seeing or non-seeing, and its target size. Isopters with the same test target within each GVF were grouped to create isopter groups.

Results
The standard deviation of isopter group area showed an approximate square-root relationship with total isopter group area. Accordingly, the coefficient of variation for isopter group area decreased from 68% to 0.2% with increasing isopter group area. A bootstrap version of ANOVA did not reveal a significant effect of digitizers on isopter group area. Simulations involving random sampling of digitizers showed that five to seven digitizers would be required to catch 95% to 99% of labeling errors and isopter misses, on the basis of data discrepancies, with 99% probability.

Conclusions
These data suggest that any minimally trained digitizer would be capable of reliably determining any isopter area, regardless of size. Studies using this software could either use five to seven minimally trained digitizers for each GVF, three digitizers who demonstrate low frequencies of errors on a practice set of GVFs, or two digitizers with an expert reader to adjudicate discrepancies and catch errors.
Low Vision Rehabilitation for Adult African Americans in Two Settings
Authors: Draper Erin M. , Feng Rui , Appel Sarah D. , Graboyes Marcy , Engle Erin , Ciner Elise B. , Ellenberg Jonas H. , Stambolian Dwight 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The Vision Rehabilitation for African Americans with Central Vision Impairment (VISRAC) study is a demonstration project evaluating how modifications in vision rehabilitation can improve the use of functional vision.

Methods
Fifty-five African Americans 40 years of age and older with central vision impairment were randomly assigned to receive either clinic-based (CB) or home-based (HB) low vision rehabilitation services. Forty-eight subjects completed the study. The primary outcome was the change in functional vision in activities of daily living, as assessed with the Veteran’s Administration Low-Vision Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-48). This included scores for overall visual ability and visual ability domains (reading, mobility, visual information processing, and visual motor skills). Each score was normalized into logit estimates by Rasch analysis. Linear regression models were used to compare the difference in the total score and each domain score between the two intervention groups. The significance level for each comparison was set at 0.05.

Results
Both CB and HB groups showed significant improvement in overall visual ability at the final visit compared with baseline. The CB group showed greater improvement than the HB group (mean of 1.28 vs. 0.87 logits change), though the group difference is not significant (p = 0.057). The CB group visual motor skills score showed significant improvement over the HB group score (mean of 3.30 vs. 1.34 logits change, p = 0.044). The differences in improvement of the reading and visual information processing scores were not significant (p = 0.054 and p = 0.509) between groups. Neither group had significant improvement in the mobility score, which was not part of the rehabilitation program.

Conclusions
Vision rehabilitation is effective for this study population regardless of location. Possible reasons why the CB group performed better than the HB group include a number of psychosocial factors as well as the more standardized distraction-free work environment within the clinic setting.
Comparison of Ishihara Booklet with Color Vision Smartphone Applications
Authors: Sorkin Nir , Rosenblatt Amir , Cohen Eyal , Ohana Oded , Stolovitch Chaim , Dotan Gad 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To compare the standard Ishihara booklet with color-vision-testing smartphone applications.

Methods
A prospective observational diagnostic study on 42 normal trichromats and 38 color-deficient subjects. Patients were presented with three color vision tests in random order: an Ishihara test booklet and two color-vision-testing smartphone applications: Eye2Phone and the Color Vision Test application (CVT app). Sensitivity and specificity of the electronic tests was compared with Ishihara results, and in each one of these applications every plate was individually analyzed for success/failure rate.

Results
Average age was 42.7 ± 12.9 years. There were 57 males (71.2%). Sensitivity and specificity of each test was 100% (38/38) and 95.2% (40/42) for the Eye2Phone, and 100% (38/38) and 54.8% (23/42) for the CVT app. There was no significant difference between the Ishihara booklet and the Eye2Phone (p = 0.500), with a high kappa measure of agreement (0.950, p < 0.001). The CVT app was significantly different than both other tests (p < 0.001) with a low kappa measure of agreement (0.535 with the Ishihara and 0.575 with the Eye2Phone). Of the 21 tested plates, color-deficient subjects failed 11.8 ± 3.1 plates in the Ishihara booklet and 14.1 ± 2.1 plates in the Eye2Phone (p < 0.001). Significant plate-specific differences for the color-deficient group were found in plate numbers 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, and 16. Both tests were poorly able to give an indication of the specific dichromatism type. The Ishihara booklet was rated more comfortable and clearer than the Eye2Phone in color-deficient subjects. The CVT app was rated lowest for comfort and clarity in both groups.

Conclusions
Smartphone applications testing for color vision deficiency are readily available; however, users of these apps should be aware that some may have different sensitivity for detection of color vision deficiency compared to Ishihara booklet, limiting their usefulness for clinical use. Therefore, further validation of these applications is required.
Functional Outcomes and Physical Impairments in Pediatric Critical Care Survivors: A Scoping Review*
Authors: Ong Chengsi , Lee Jan Hau , Leow Melvin K. S. , Puthucheary Zudin A. 
Published: April 2016

Objective:
Although more children are surviving critical illness, little is known about long-term physical impairment. This scoping review aims to critically appraise existing literature on functional outcome measurement tools, prevalence, and risk factors for physical impairments in pediatric critical care survivors.

Data Sources:
PubMed, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, using a combination of MeSH terms and keywords (critical illness, intensive care, and functional outcomes/status).

Study Selection:
All human studies reporting functional outcomes in children 0–18 years old admitted to the PICU. Non-English language, adult and preterm infant studies were excluded.

Data Synthesis:
Three global assessment tools and eight multidimensional measures were used to measure functional outcome in pediatric survivors of critical illness. Rates of acquired functional impairment in a general pediatric intensive care cohort ranged from 10% to 36% at discharge and 10% to 13% after more than 2 years. Risk factors for acquired functional impairment include illness severity, the presence of organ dysfunction, length of ICU stay, and younger age. There is some evidence that physical impairment may be more severe and persistent than psychosocial components.

Conclusions:
Functional impairment may be persistent in pediatric survivors of critical care. Unfortunately, studies varied largely in measurement timing and tools used. The lack of differentiation between impairment in different functional domains limited the generalizability of data. Further studies using a combination of standardized measures at various time points of the disease process can help establish more comprehensive rates of physical impairment.