bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources of Heat Treatment Distortion and Approaches for Distortion Reduction during Quench Hardening Process
Authors: Li Zhichao (Charlie) , Ferguson B. Lynn , Lee Edward , Habean Stefan , Meyer Jason 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Heat treatment of steels is a process of modifying the mechanical properties by solid-state phase transformations or microstructural changes through heating and cooling. The material volume changes with phase transformations, which is one of the main sources of distortion. The thermal stress also contributes to the distortion, and its effect increases with solidstate phase transformations, as the material stays in the plastic deformation field due to the TRIP effect. With the basic understanding described above, the sources of distortion from a quench hardening process can be categorized as: 1) nonuniform austenitizing transformation during heating, 2) nonuniform austenite decomposing transformations to ferrite, pearlite, bainite or martensite during quenching, 3) adding of carbon or nitrogen to the material, and forming carbides or nitrides during carburizing or nitriding, 4) coarsening of carbide in tempered martensite during tempering, 5) stress relaxation from the initial state, 6) thermal stress caused by temperature gradient, and 7) nonhomogeneous material conditions, etc. With the help of computer modeling, the causes of distortion by these sources are analyzed and quantified independently. In this article, a series of modeling case studies are used to simulate the specific heat treatment process steps. Solutions for controlling and reducing distortion are proposed and validated from the modeling aspect. A thinwalled part with various wall section thickness is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of stepped heating on distortion caused by austenitizing. A patented gas quenching process is used to demonstrate the controlling of distortion with martensitic transformation for high temperature tempering steels. The effect of adding carbon to austenite on size change during carburizing is quantified by modeling, and the distortion can be compensated by adjusting the heat treat part size.
Identification of Thermal Boundary Conditions during Industrial Quenching (Air Transfer Plus Mineralized Oil Immersion) of a Hollow Cylinder
Authors: Salazar Gamaliel , Lemyre-Baron Jean-Sebastien , Jahazi Mohammad , Champliaud Henri , Tahan Antoine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Previous studies have pointed out the need to properly characterize industrial quenching processes to account for the inherent heterogeneities of the process. This study focuses on the identification of thermal boundary conditions of a hollow cylinder quenched by immersion in mineralized oil previously subjected to a predefined air transfer step. The test specimen is instrumented with in-body thermocouples at multiple locations along the radial and azimuthal direction thus mapping the outer and inner surfaces of the hollow cylinder. Based on the experimentally acquired datasets, characteristic points of physical significance during the cooling regimes after immersion are identified to produce time dependent analytical cooling curves. An inverse identification method is applied to estimate heat flux and temperature dependent heat transfer coefficients at locations of interest in both inner bore and outer surfaces. Results demonstrate the non-homogeneous cooling of the specimen during the quenching process before immersion (air transfer) and after immersion in the quenchant, hence confirming the importance of accounting for the influence of the industrial environment. The results are also compared with previous characterization data obtained with a plate probe for the same facilities thus capturing the influence of probe geometry on the identification of thermal boundary conditions.
Computational Heuristics for Prediction of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Quenchants
Authors: Felde Imre 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Understanding the Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC) is essential for evaluating cooling media used in the immersion quenching of steels. This HTC characterizes the heat exchange between the immersed workpiece and the quenchant. Calculating the HTC involves solving an inverse heat transfer problem, which typically requires stochastic optimization algorithms. These algorithms use iterative processes and can be computationally demanding, often needing hundreds or thousands of iterations to find a solution.
To reduce this computational burden, this paper introduces an initialization technique that employs a non-iterative approach to solve the inverse heat transfer problem. The proposed method uses an artificial neural network (ANN), specifically a multi-layer feedforward neural network trained with the backpropagation algorithm. A synthetic database with 150,000 records of heat transfer coefficients, determined as a function of temperature, is created for training the network. Unconventionally, the Fourier transform of the cooling curve is used as input for the inference system. Additionally, the performance of the neural network is compared with other conventional learning algorithms. Results show that when combined with stochastic algorithms, the ANN achieves comparable solutions in a shorter amount of time.
In Situ High-Energy XRD Determination and Modeling of Internal Stresses during Heat Treatment of Carburized and Carbonitrided Low-Alloyed Steels
Authors: Teixeira J. , Jeyabalan K. , Geandier G. , Dulcy J. , Denand B. , Denis S. , Chini M-R. , Catteau S.D. , Courteaux M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Thermochemical treatments like carburizing and carbonitriding allow to improve the properties in low-alloyed steels, which depend mainly on the distributions of residual stresses and microstructures. As the fatigue properties depend mainly on the latter, a fundamental understanding must be established regarding their formation during the cooling after the enrichment treatment.
This study introduces an experimental and simulation analysis of microstructure and internal stresses evolutions and their couplings. Influence of the carbon and nitrogen enrichments is highlighted. An original experimental technique is introduced to follow in situ by High-Energy XRD the phase transformation kinetics and the evolutions of the internal stresses during cooling, inside laboratory scale samples with C/N composition gradients.
The usual trends are confirmed regarding the carburizing: the carbon-enriched case is the last to undergo phase transformations. Due to the phase transformation strains, the surface ends up with compression residual stresses, whereas the center is put in tension. Conversely, for carbonitriding, unusual profiles of microstructures and residual stresses are observed. The presence of nitrogen induces a drastic loss of hardenability in the enriched case. This modifies the chronology of the phase transformations and this leads to tensile residual stresses at the surface for the studied cooling conditions. In the nitrogen-enriched case, a fine microstructure is formed during cooling and retained austenite remains, leading to a lower hardness than in the martensite layer beneath.
A coupled thermal, mechanical and metallurgical model predicting the phase transformation kinetics and the evolutions of internal stresses is set up. It takes account of the local carbon and nitrogen concentrations in the case. For carburizing, predictions are in good agreement with experiment. Simulations for carbonitriding achieve to predict the tensile stresses in the nitrogen-enriched case, which are due to the loss of hardenability. In both cases, residual stresses come mostly from phase transformation plasticity strains.
Revision Chiari surgery in adults: surgical evaluation algorithm and outcomes in a continuity-of-care practice
Authors: Nguyen Rita H. , Chae John K. , Zappi Kyle E. , Luhmann Grant , Kisselbach Alexa , Cruz Amanda , Greenfield Jeffrey P. 
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE
Patients with a prior surgical history for Chiari malformation (CM) as a child or an adult who presents with a recurrence or persistence of symptoms pose a challenging clinical scenario. The authors analyzed preoperative presentations, surgical histories, and outcomes of adult CM revision cases to create an algorithm for the assessment of revision surgery in adult CM patients and contrast this with the care of pediatric CM patients within the context of an integrated continuity-of-care CM practice seeing pediatric and adult patients.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with CM0, -1, and -1.5 who were 21 years of age or older, had a prior history of CM surgery as either children or adults, and underwent revision surgery as adults at the authors’ institution from December 2009 to February 2020. The cohort was divided into three groups depending on the type of revision surgery performed: posterior fossa decompression with or without duraplasty (PFD/D group), occipitocervical fusion without ventral decompression (OCF group), and ventral decompression in the form of endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy (VD group).

RESULTS
A total of 50 adult revision cases were divided into 30 PFD/D cases, 13 OCF cases, and 7 VD cases. Forty cases had previously undergone one CM surgery, and 10 had undergone two. Preoperatively, the PFD/D group had significantly fewer cases of diagnosed craniocervical instability (CCI), Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and dysautonomia than the OCF and VD groups.
A retroflexed odontoid was significantly more common in the VD group than in the PFD/D and OCF groups. Postoperatively, rates of improvement were 60.0% with PFD/D, 84.6% with OCF, and 85.7% with VD, but differences in these rates were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS
In this challenging group of CM patients, possible etiologies warranting additional surgery included residual dorsal compression, persistent syrinx, CCI, and ventral brainstem compression from a significant retroflexed odontoid. Outcomes after revision were often favorable, but careful evaluation, patient selection, and communication with patients are needed in deciding to reoperate. The suggested algorithm can aid decision-making.
Assessment of land configuration techniques on in-situ soil moisture conservation and productivity of rainfed Bt. Cotton in semi-arid production systems
Authors: IMMANUEL R. REX , SURIYA S. M. NITHISH 
Published: September 2024

Rainfed agriculture is proving to be a significant contributor to cotton production. However, recent climate change characterizes a substantial threat to current rainfed agricultural production, and consequently to farmers’ livelihoods in semi-arid regions. Typical features of these areas are erratic rainfall to frequent dry spells that lead to frequent crop failure and lasting poverty. In-situ soil moisture conservation is an important climate resilience agricultural practice to enhance the productivity of crops in these regions including rainfed Bt cotton. It comprises agronomical land configuration techniques with several local modifications. The experiments were conducted in a field at Okkarai village (11o 22’ N latitude and 78o 53’ E longitudes), Thuraiyur Block, Tiruchirapallai District in the Northwestern Agro-climatic Zone of Tamil Nadu. It was undertaken during the Rabi season (North-East monsoon) of 2022 and 2023. The experiments were laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with 7 treatments with three replications. The treatments consist of different land configuration techniques viz., flat-bed, ridges and furrows, broad bed and furrows (BBF), raised bed, tied ridges, tied ridges (alternate rows) and tied broad beds (TBB). An analysis of pooled mean data of two years showed significant differences between the treatments. Among the land configuration techniques tested, tied ridges (alternate rows) registered the maximum soil moisture content during flowering and boll formation (90 DAS), boll development (120 DAS) and boll and fibre maturation (140 DAS) stages, and the increase was 34.4%, 31.8% and 15.74%, respectively over flat-bed method. Likewise, tied ridges (alternate rows) significantly enhanced the cotton growth characters viz., plant height (128.92 cm), leaf area index (4.52), dry matter production (5.19 t/ha), and yield attributes viz., number of squares (44.50/plant), number of bolls (43.73/plant), boll weight (4.76 g) and seed cotton yield (20.86 q/ha) and cost-benefit ratio (3.07). Tied ridges in alternative row served as low-cost micro catchment approach for trapping and holding water and its practice in semi-arid rainfed region has beneficial effects of reducing runoff and soil loss, increasing soil moisture and augment crop yield.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Pemasaran Konten Digital pada Kelompok UMKM CENTRAL 19 LAMPUNG.
Authors: Febrian Angga , Husna Nurul , Ahmad Imam , Ratuain Rafika Indi Qut , Amrizal Nabila Az-Zahra Najwa , Azmi Rakha Ghoffur , Prabowo Yussof Taqy 
Published: September 2024

Abstrak: Tujuan: Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pemasaran konten digital kelompok UMKM Tengah 19 Lampung, guna memperluas jangkauan pasar dan meningkatkan daya saing produk. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pemanfaatan teknologi digital melalui pelatihan pembuatan konten kreatif, seperti foto dan video produk, serta optimalisasi media sosial sebagai sarana promosi. Tujuan utamanya adalah meningkatkan kehadiran kelompok UMKM yang berani (presensi online) dan menarik perhatian calon konsumen secara organik. Metodologi penelitian: Kegiatan ini fokus pada 25 kelompok yang terdaftar sebagai anggota UMKM Pusat 19 Natar. Metode yang digunakan adalah pelatihan dan pendampingan langsung bagi seluruh peserta, dengan materi yang mencakup strategi pembuatan konten kreatif, teknik pemasaran digital, dan pemanfaatan platform digital untuk promosi. Hasil: Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam keterampilan pemasaran digital anggota UMKM Pusat 19. Dengan pemanfaatan media sosial dan pembuatan konten yang lebih baik, jangkauan pasar dan visibilitas berani meningkat secara signifikan. Selain itu, peningkatan keterampilan pemasaran digital ini juga berkontribusi pada peningkatan lalu lintas organik dan tingkat konversi, yang secara langsung mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi para mitra. Kesimpulan: Kegiatan ini membuktikan bahwa pemanfaatan teknologi digital dan strategi pemasaran konten dapat secara signifikan meningkatkan jangkauan pasar dan pendapatan kelompok UMKM Central 19. Pendekatan ini tidak hanya mendukung pengembangan ekonomi lokal, tetapi juga membantu pencapaian Indikator Kinerja Utama (KPI) Universitas terkait pengabdian kepada masyarakat .
BERLIAN (Berkah Limbah Durian): Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Durian Menjadi Tepung untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Industri Pempek Rumahan di Desa Patalagan, Kecamatan Pancalang, Kabupaten Kuningan
Authors: Ulfah Mariam , Efriani Like , Widayanti Wiwin , Hadi Ismanurrahman 
Published: September 2024

Desa Patalagan merupakan salah satu penghasil durian terbesar di Kabupaten Kuningan, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Durian merupakan buah asli Indonesia yang dikonsumsi hanya bagian buahnya saja. Kulitnya banyak dibuang menjadi limbah. Limbah ini mengandung senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan antioksidan. Limbah ini akan bermanfaat jika dikembangkan, diantaranya dijadikan tepung untuk bahan pempek. Maka kegiatan ini dinamakan BERLIAN (Berkah limbah kulit durian). Mitra dalam pengabdian ini adalah industri pempek Bu Odah yang terletak di Desa Patalagan. Tujuan program ini adalah memberikan penyuluhan manfaat kesehatan kulit durian, memberikan pelatihan pembuatan tepung kulit durian dan pelatihan pembuatan pempek kulit durian. Metode yang dilakukan adalah sosialisasi, penyuluhan dan pelatihan pembuatan pempek kulit durian. Hasil dari pengabdian ini adalah mitra memahami manfaat kesehatan kulit durian dan mitra memiliki kemampuan membuat tepung kulit durian dan memanfaatkannya menjadi pempek kulit durian. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah kulit durian dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi suatu produk bermanfaat sehingga mengurangi limbah kulit durian terutama di desa Patalagan.
Riscos cardiovasculares em pacientes com psoríase: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Mattos Alexandra Brugnera Nunes de , Ribeiro Mayara Gazolla 
Published: September 2024

A psoríase é uma doença crônica de caráter inflamatório, caracterizada pela inflamação cutânea imunomediada e pela hiperproliferação de queratinócitos, resultando em placas ou pápulas eritematosas e recobertas por escamas prateadas com preferência por superfícies extensoras, unhas, couro cabeludo e tronco, acompanhadas de prurido e coceira quando em fase ativa. Possui variabilidade clínica, podendo se apresentar das seguintes formas: vulgar ou em placas, ungueal, gutata, invertida, pustulosa, eritrodérmica e psoriática. Essa patologia apresenta predisposição genética, que associada a fatores ambientais e comportamentais desempenham um importante papel na progressão da doença. A prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovasculares e desordens metabólicas demonstraram-se elevada em pacientes com psoríase, possivelmente pela natureza inflamatória presente em ambos. Atualmente, estudos sugerem que o caráter inflamatório da psoríase pode estar ligado a predisposição a outras enfermidades que também possuam status inflamatório alterado, em particular doenças cardiovasculares. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma síntese de informações atuais e relevantes sobre a associação de psoríase e fatores de risco cardiovasculares. As informações foram obtidas através de uma revisão sistemática, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, utilizando o método PRISMA, buscando artigos nas bases de dados PubMed e BVS, com os descritores ‘’Psoriasis’’, ‘’ Cardiovascular disease", “Risk factors”. A revisão foi feita com artigos de Ensaio Clínico Controlado, publicados entre 2018 e 2023, estes demonstraram a conexão entre psoríase e danos cardiovasculares, bem como a necessidade de novos estudos aprofundados sobre o tema, como também métodos de rastreio, prevenção e tratamento dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares em pacientes com psoríase.
Autismo no DSM-5-TR, o que mudou?
Authors: Soares Vinícius Lacerda Gomes , Brito Lucelmo Lacerda de 
Published: September 2024

A nosologia do Transtorno do Espectro Autista - TEA é historicamente muito recente, tendo sua primeira aparição como uma categoria própria em 1980, sendo antes tido como um tipo de esquizofrenia na infância. O autismo é hoje compreendido como uma condição do neurodesenvolvimento cuja característica mais marcante é um déficit persistente nas capacidades de comunicação e interação social, prevalecendo em 1 a cada 36 crianças, de acordo com o CDC. A definição e os critérios mais aceitos do transtorno repousam nos principais manuais, nomeadamente o Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM) e o Código Internacional de Doenças (CID), que buscam se adequar às novas atualizações científicas e socioculturais, com o intuito de tornar os modelos diagnósticos mais claros e confiáveis. Em 2022 foi publicada a revisão da quinta edição do DSM (DSM-5-TR), que engendrou algumas mudanças no que diz respeito tanto ao critério, quanto ao texto da condição para o TEA. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar um estudo das alterações trazidas pelo DSM-5-TR na categoria do TEA, bem como discutir os contextos e motivos por trás dessas mudanças.
Peluang dan Tantangan Pada Industri Rumah Tangga Kuliner: Tinjauan Literatur
Authors: Malihah Lola , Sari Aji Nur , Zaitun  
Published: September 2024

Persaingan adalah bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam sebuah bisnis. Setiap pelaku usaha selalu berupaya untuk menarik minat konsumen sebanyak mungkin dan memenangkan pesaingan pasar. Industi rumah tangga adalah bagian dari Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Menengah yang sering disebut berperan besar dalamg perekonomian Indonesia. Dalam menjalankan bisnisnya para pelaku usaha ini juga harus menerapkan strategi yang tepat untuk menghadapi persaingan dan agar tetap dapat bertahan. Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah tinjauan pustaka yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peluang dan tantangan dalam menerapkan strategi pemasaran oleh pelaku usaha kuliner. Data dalam tulisan ini berupa data sekunder yang diperoleh dari kajian pustaka yang relevan dengan tema yaitu peluang dan tantangan yang dihadapi para pelaku usaha kuliner. Hasil dari analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya persaingaan sehingga para pelaku industri rumah tangga bidang kuliner ini berusaha mempertahankan kualitas produk dengan selalu menggunakan bahan baku yang bermutu dan tidak menggunakan bahan pengawet, pewarna dan pemanis buatan yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Harga yang ditawarkan juga masih relatif murah, memilih tempat berjualan yang strategis sehingga memudahkan konsumen untuk membeli. Adanya usaha rumah tangga ini juga berpeluang meciptakan lapangan pekerjaan, penopang perekonomian daerah dan ekonomi nasional serta dapat menjadi upaya pelestarian kuliner nusantara. Sedangkan tantangannya adalah adanya digitalisasi dimana penjual juga menawarkan pembelian berbasis online serta melakukan promosi pada berbagai media, termasuk promosi melalui media sosial. Memiliki sumber daya manusia yang memahami teknologi dan aplikasi digital baik untuk promosi ataupun untuk transaksi keuangan.
Comparison of branched, fenestrated, and parallel strategies for endovascular treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic pathologies involving visceral regions
Authors: Ma Xiaochen , Wu Zhishi , Zhu Guanglang , Guo Mingjin , Li Yongxin , Liu Junjun , Liu Mingyuan , Li Youjin , Ye Bo , Chen Tao , Qi Ming , Xiao Hongyan , Zeng Zhaoxiang , Sun Yudong , Feng Rui , Jing Zaiping , Feng Jiaxuan 
Published: September 2024

PurposeTo compare the long-term efficacy of the parallel stent graft (PSG), fenestrated stent graft (FSG), and branched stent graft (BSG) techniques to treat thoracoabdominal aortic pathologies.Materials and methodsIn total, 291 patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and dissection (TAD) involving visceral arteries who underwent PSG (n = 85; 15 TAA and 70 TAD), FSG (n = 107; 47 TAD and 60 TAA), or BSG (n = 99; 37 TAD and 62 TAA) were included from multiple centers from January 2015 to December 2022, and a total of 1,108 visceral aortic branches were reconstructed.ResultsThe average reconstruction time of each visceral aortic branch for FSG, BSG, and PSG is 27.5 ± 12.1, 23.2 ± 11.9, and 18.8 ± 11.8 min, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). The free-from-endoleak rate at the last follow-up for FSG, BSG, and PSG was 86.9%, 91.9%, and 60.0%, respectively. The last follow-up patency rate for FSG, BSG, and PSG was 85.0%, 91.9%, and 94.1%, respectively. The average reconstruction price of each visceral aortic branch for FSG, BSG, and PSG was 41.40 ± 3.22 thousand RMB, 41.84 ± 3.86 thousand RMB, and 42.35 ± 4.52 thousand RMB, respectively (P = 0.24).ConclusionTo treat the aortic pathologies involving the visceral segment, BSG had a lower endoleak rate and higher branch patency rate when compared with the FSG and PSG techniques. The expense of BSG was comparable to the other two techniques.