bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Global Access to Topical Onychomycosis Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Nasereddin S. M. , Li J. L. , Malallah O. S. , McClelland G. R. , Morgan D. , Meadowcroft S. , Bolhuis A. , Jones S. A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionEqual access to medicines is crucial to ensuring public health, but access is difficult to measure, especially for infections where changes in infective species make treatment choices highly dynamic. This study investigated if the combination of infection prevalence with medicine efficacy and regulatory availability could access medicines access of topical onychomycosis medicines.MethodsTwo databases, PubMed and Web of Science, were used to identify relevant information published between 1990 and 2019. For the meta‐analysis, human onychomycosis investigations using PCR analysis were included. Reviewers independently selected eligible articles, extracted data and assessed the study quality. A random‐effects meta‐analysis model with a Freeman–Tukey transformation was employed to the PCR data. For the meta‐analysis, the global infection trends and regional differences in the infective organisms were determined.ResultsOf the 26 studies analysed, the PCR analysis in 18 studies confirmed onychomycosis in about half of the visually suspected cases (55%, CI 43%–67%). Across all 26 studies dermatophytes were the most prevalent infective organism (57%, CI 37%–76%), but a sub‐group analysis showed yeasts predominated in females (31%, CI 0%–84%) (p < 0.0001), in fingernail infections (42%, CI 21%–65%) (p < 0.0001) and in arid countries (p < 0.0001). Combining these results with medicine efficacy data showed that residents from 83 of the 92 countries assessed (90%) could not access the most efficacious topical product, and 22% could not access any broad‐spectrum agents. Countries in Africa had the poorest access to topical onychomycosis medicines.ConclusionThis study identified that access to effective topical products for onychomycosis is a global problem. This issue appeared to be due to under‐representation of candida infections in pivotal clinical studies of topical onychomycosis products. A head‐to‐head multicentre study for topical efinaconazole or a novel broad spectrum topical agent is needed to help resolve these access problems.Protocol RegistrationPROSPERO—CRD42023464744
Diet and health inequalities: Connecting with vulnerable groups to address food insecurity—the DIO food project
Authors: Crabtree Daniel R. , Hunter Emma , Jenneson Victoria , Fildes Alison , Kininmonth Alice , Pontin Francesca , Ennis Emily , Lonnie Marta , Skeggs Hannah , McHugh Lizzy , Morris Michelle A. , Douglas Flora , Johnstone Alexandra M. ,   the DIO Food team
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe current cost‐of‐living crisis is disproportionately affecting families experiencing poverty and is likely to be amplifying existing dietary inequalities and challenges, such as food insecurity (FI). Government policies designed to address diet inequality in the UK have historically had minimal impact on population diet and health and may have even widened existing inequalities. Therefore, the effect of nutrition policies on those experiencing FI in the context of the current cost‐of‐living crisis needs to be better understood. The aim of the Diet and Health Inequalities (DIO Food) project is to work with early years, people living on a low income and retailers to generate opportune evidence‐based research and commentary that will inform diet‐related health inequalities policy and practice. DIO Food is related to the existing Food Insecurity in people living with Obesity (FIO Food) project, which consists of four interlinked work packages (WPs1‐4). DIO Food consists of three interlinked work packages (WPs5‐7), which enhance the scope of FIO Food, and are described in this article. WP5 addresses a paucity of research on maternal and infant food insecurity in the UK, by applying a qualitative research approach to capture parents' and carers' perceptions of the relationship between the food system and other influences impacting infant feeding practice, associated with the cost‐of‐living crisis. WP6 will conduct the first‐ever cross‐retailer independent evaluation of England's high fat, sugar and salt (HFSS) product placement legislation. Researchers will analyse store‐level supermarket sales data provided by large UK retailers to produce sector‐level insights into whether HFSS legislation reduced HFSS purchasing, improved the healthiness of retailer product portfolios, and was equitable across areas with different characteristics. WP7 will support WP5 and 6, by strengthening engagement with key stakeholders, including at‐risk consumers and representatives of major supermarkets, and effectively translating research outcomes and stakeholder perspectives for policy and industry decision‐makers.
Effects of Tactile Massage in Improving Older Residents' Psychological Health in Long‐Term Care Facilities: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Huang Pi‐Hua , Chien Wan‐Pin , Lin Ya‐Chun , Chung Min‐Huey , Lin Pi‐Chu , Lin Yueh‐Kuei , Chuang Yeu‐Hui 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLoneliness, anxiety and depressive symptoms are common among older residents in long‐term care facilities (LTCFs), which can negatively impact their quality of life and increase mortality rates. Addressing these psychological health issues is an important task for nursing staff. There is a need for easy and accessible interventions to improve older residents' negative emotions. Tactile massage (TM) is a form of touch therapy that induces oxytocin, which can help individuals feel relaxed, experience pleasure and reduce anxiety. TM can also provide a sense of security and care for individuals.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of TM in improving older residents' psychological health in LTCFs.DesignIn this study, we applied a two‐arm randomised controlled trial research design.MethodsWe used convenience sampling to enrol 55 older residents in three long‐term care facilities who were randomly assigned to an intervention group and a comparison group. The intervention group received TM by research assistants on both hands for 15 min per time, twice a week for 4 weeks and the comparison group received regular care. Data were collected before and after the intervention. Generalised estimating equations (GEEs) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.ResultsThere were no significant differences in loneliness, anxiety, depressive symptoms, happiness, ear temperature, heart rate or diastolic blood pressure between the two groups after the intervention. However, the intervention group had significant improvements in comfort (B = 0.86, p < 0.001), relaxation (B = 1.00, p < 0.001), respiratory rate (B = −0.16, p = 0.021) and systolic blood pressure (B = − 4.17, p = 0.002) compared to the control group.ConclusionsTM can help older residents who live in LTCFs feel relaxed and comfortable.Implications for PracticeTM can be easily implemented as it requires no tools. We recommend that nursing staff and healthcare professionals incorporate TM as part of their care routines. They also can encourage family members to perform TM on residents during their visits to enhance residents' comfort and relaxation.Reporting MethodThe Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist was used for this paper.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05052138)
Impact of public health and patient‐centered prevention strategies on periodontitis and caries as causes of tooth loss in high‐income countries
Authors: Kocher Thomas , Meisel Peter , Baumeister Sebastian , Holtfreter Birte 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn high‐income countries, the oral health of the population is influenced by public health interventions, widespread use of oral care products, dental practice measures, and the cost of dental treatment. We compiled information on changes of the prevalence of proximal and upstream determinants of periodontitis, caries, and tooth loss over the last three decades to outline their potential effects on changes of oral health during this period. Information was retrieved from repeated cross‐sectional studies and from published literature. While both the prevalence of edentulism and the number of missing teeth (from the DMF‐T index) decreased, the number of sound teeth as well as the total number of teeth increased. The prevalence of severe periodontitis was unchanged, whereas the prevalence of periodontal health and moderate periodontitis may have increased to a minor extent. Concerning oral health risk factors, the proportion of individuals with tertiary education increased, while smoking prevalence declined. More and more people used oral care products. Whether one reimbursement system worked better than another one in terms of tooth retention could not be elucidated. In tooth retention, population‐wide use of fluoridated toothpastes had the greatest impact. To some extent, the higher number of teeth present may be related to the more frequent use of interdental cleaning aids and powered toothbrushes. Since there was no decrease in severe periodontitis in most cohorts, periodontal interventions probably contributed little to improved tooth retention.
‘Less Money, Less Time, More Complex Clients’: The Impacts of Short‐Term Funding for Third Sector Employability Programmes and Potential for Moral Distress
Authors: Irvine Annie , McKenzie Joe , Sullivan Sybille , Kelley Alex 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWithin the United Kingdom, the third sector has an important yet increasingly challenging role in providing employability support for people with complex barriers to work, as organisations face an ever‐tighter and more uncertain funding landscape. Whilst the obstacles posed by short‐term funding are raised in numerous publications from third sector professional and campaigning organisations, academic contributions on the effects of short‐term funding for the third sector remain scarce. This article presents a qualitative analysis of the impacts of short‐term programme funding on a third sector employability project in the North of England, as it navigated the post‐Brexit transition from European grants to regionally allocated shorter‐term funding under the first tranche of the UK Shared Prosperity Fund. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with frontline employability keyworkers, the article illuminates the multiple detrimental effects on project delivery, keyworker practices and client experience brought about by a reduction in funding timeframe and associated future uncertainties. Alongside practical implications, the study offers novel insights into the emotional impacts of short‐termism on those delivering at the frontline, which we interpret via the theoretical lens of ‘moral distress’. Findings also reveal a risk that, under tighter operating timescales, third sector organisations may feel increasingly pushed towards the selective recruitment of participants who are easier to help, potentially undermining their deeply held commitment to supporting those furthest from the labour market.
Evolutionary biogeography and diversification of Ampithoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in the southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Iwasa‐Arai Tammy , Siqueira Silvana G. L. , Andrade Sónia C. S. , Leite Fosca P. P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe crustacean family Ampithoidae is one of the most abundant invertebrate families associated with macroalgae in shallow marine waters. Ampithoe, the largest genus, was previously documented as non‐monophyletic by phylogenetic analyses based on morphological and molecular characters. Here, we reconstructed a multi‐gene phylogeny of Ampithoidae with the first data of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. We performed the first biogeographic analyses for the family, which indicated its origin in the Indo‐West Pacific, with subsequent dispersion to the Atlantic Ocean around the Eocene. Divergence times suggest that the diversification of Ampithoidae is congruent with the brown algae crown radiation, which allowed the colonization of new environments.
Harmonic Riemannian submersions between Riemannian symmetric spaces of noncompact type
Authors: Burstall F. E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe construct harmonic Riemannian submersions that are retractions from symmetric spaces of noncompact type onto their rank‐one totally geodesic subspaces. Among the consequences, we prove the existence of a nonconstant, globally defined complex‐valued harmonic morphism from the Riemannian symmetric space associated to a split real semisimple Lie group. This completes an affirmative proof of a conjecture of Gudmundsson.
Effects of altitude and exercise intensity on cardiac function in rats
Authors: Zhu Minxia , Li Xiaofeng , Liu Bing , Guo Jing , Xiao Yuanyuan , Liu Zhiyao , Duan Mengru , Liu Yi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHigh‐altitude exercise affects cardiac function. This study investigated how altitude and exercise intensity interacted to affect cardiac function of Sprague‐Dawley rats. Four altitudes (410, 3600, 4600 and 5600 m) and three exercise intensities (non‐exercise (N), low‐intensity exercise (L) and high‐intensity exercise (H)) were tested combinatorically. After 4 weeks of exercise, cardiac function and specific markers of myocardial injury were assessed. With regard to cardiac function, (a) at the same intensity, stroke volume and left ventricular end‐diastolic volume were higher in the 3600 m group but lower in the 4600 and 5600 m groups; and (b) the heart rate increased with altitude and intensity. The biochemical results showed that the levels of creatine kinase, myoglobin and cardiac troponin I generally increased with increasing altitude and exercise intensity, significantly for creatine kinase and myoglobin at 4600 and 5600 m. For pathological results, (a) in the non‐exercise group, pathological damage was observed only in the 5600 N group; and (b) in the exercised state, varying degrees of injury were noted, except for the 410 and 3600 L groups. There may be a turning point at 3600 m where the injury to the heart increases. Myocardial injury markers exhibited abnormalities before cardiac dysfunction. Detecting these markers is crucial to provide warnings for the individual from cardiac disease during high‐altitude exercise.
The upregulation of K+ and HCN channels in developing spiral ganglion neurons is mediated by cochlear inner hair cells
Authors: Conrad Linus J. , Grandi Fiorella C. , Carlton Adam J. , Jeng Jing‐Yi , de Tomasi Lara , Zarecki Patryk , Marcotti Walter , Johnson Stuart L. , Mustapha Mirna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSpiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are primary sensory afferent neurons that relay acoustic information from the cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) to the brainstem. The response properties of different SGNs diverge to represent a wide range of sound intensities in an action‐potential code. This biophysical heterogeneity is established during pre‐hearing stages of development, a time when IHCs fire spontaneous Ca2+ action potentials that drive glutamate release from their ribbon synapses onto the SGN terminals. The role of spontaneous IHC activity in the refinement of SGN characteristics is still largely unknown. Using pre‐hearing otoferlin knockout mice (Otof−/−), in which Ca2+‐dependent exocytosis in IHCs is abolished, we found that developing SGNs fail to upregulate low‐voltage‐activated K+‐channels and hyperpolarisation‐activated cyclic‐nucleotide‐gated channels. This delayed maturation resulted in hyperexcitable SGNs with immature firing characteristics. We have also shown that SGNs that synapse with the pillar side of the IHCs selectively express a resurgent K+ current, highlighting a novel biophysical marker for these neurons. RNA‐sequencing showed that several K+ channels are downregulated in Otof−/− mice, further supporting the electrophysiological recordings. Our data demonstrate that spontaneous Ca2+‐dependent activity in pre‐hearing IHCs regulates some of the key biophysical and molecular features of the developing SGNs.
imageKey points
Ca2+‐dependent exocytosis in inner hair cells (IHCs) is otoferlin‐dependent as early as postnatal day 1.
A lack of otoferlin in IHCs affects potassium channel expression in SGNs.
The absence of otoferlin is associated with SGN hyperexcitability.
We propose that type I spiral ganglion neuron functional maturation depends on IHC exocytosis.
Numerical Investigation of Two-Phase n-Decane/Air Rotating Detonation Engines With Different Numbers of Fuel Orifices
Authors: Shao Xiaofeng , Zhao Ningbo , Zhang Wei , Zheng Hongtao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, n-decane/air two-phase rotating detonation is numerically investigated based on Eulerian–Lagrangian method. Three-dimensional rotating detonation chamber (RDC) with various numbers of fuel orifices (30, 45, 60, and 90) is considered. The effects of numbers of fuel orifices on the fuel-mixing characteristics, the flow field structures, and the propagation characteristics of the rotating detonation wave (RDW) are analyzed. The results show that the liquid fuel mixing is influenced by the fuel jets and the incoming air shear. The former mainly affects the mixing uniformity, while the latter has a great influence on the Sauter mean diameter. Specifically, increasing the numbers of fuel orifices improves the mixing uniformity but slightly rises the Sauter mean diameter. Besides, the number of fuel orifices has a significant impact on the propagation mode of RDW. Single-wave mode is established in RDC except for the 30 orifices. Furthermore, a dimensionless kinematic parameter (α) is used to represent the fuel reactivity and predict the propagation mode of RDW. Moreover, the propagation parameters of RDW vary greatly with different numbers of fuel orifices. As the number of orifices increased, the formation time to stable operation of RDW decreases. The research results can provide guidance for the design of two-phase rotating detonation engine (RDE).
Experimental Demonstration of a High-Power Density Electric Generator
Authors: Gore Matt , Nonavinakere Vinod Kaushik , Fang Tiegang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid powertrain vehicles are an increasingly common alternative to pure gasoline vehicles. However, most have significantly shorter drivable ranges than combustion engine vehicles, require a long waiting period to recharge, have a low specific power, or are prohibitively expensive and heavy. The goal of this work is to develop and showcase a high-power density generator, which may be used as a component in an EV or hybrid drivetrain. The generator can be used as, for example, a range extender for an EV, or a generator for hybrid powertrains where specific power is important, such as in unmanned aerial vehicles, marine applications, motorcycles, and all terrain vehicles. Moreover, the generator of this work is constructed from commercially available components configured to be easily transportable and remain substantially lightweight. The device discussed in this work comprises a two-stroke single-cylinder gasoline engine and a compact permanent magnet brushless dynamo, assembled as a generator. The advantages of this combination include compactness, simplicity, lower weight, and high specific power. This paper discusses the design and experimental development of such a portable high-power-density power generator. The performance and emissions characteristics of the generator are investigated at varying loads and engine speed. During preliminary experiments, the power generator produced 8.5 kW while having a dry weight of 21 kg. Future design recommendations for the use of alternative or renewable fuels are also explored.
Dynamic Performance Analysis of a Turbocharged PEMFC System
Authors: Mantelli Luca , Iester Federico , Crosa Silvia , Bozzolo Michele , Magistri Loredana , Massardo Aristide 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems are one of the most promising technologies for the decarbonization of the transportation and power sectors. This article investigates the dynamics of an innovative turbocharged PEMFC system. A detailed dynamic model of the turbocharger-proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (TC-PEMFC) is developed in Matlab-Simulink. This model is used to study the dynamic performance of the system, considering the fluid-dynamic and thermal transients of its components. At first, the model is used to simulate the response of the TC-PEMFC to step changes of multiple input variables: openings of fuel valve and humidifier bypass valve, rotational speeds of turbocharger (TC), blower, and cooling pump. These simulations highlight the strong sensitivity of the system to the fuel valve opening, making the need for a feedback controller clear. Many control logics are then implemented on the model to keep the operative parameters of the TC-PEMFC within an acceptable range. The dynamic model is used to simulate the performance of the TC-PEMFC system during different power load ramps. From the results of these simulations, it is possible to assess the effectiveness of each controller and to verify the compliance of all the system constraints. During load increases, proper operation of the system is always guaranteed, whereas load reductions are limited by the possibility of compressor surge (35 A/s of maximum ramp rate). To overcome this limit, a possible modification to the control logics is tested in the final part of the study.
Inferring Flame Transfer Functions of Turbulent Conical Flames From Pressure Measurements
Authors: Yoko Matthew , Juniper Matthew P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We use approximate Bayesian inference, accelerated by adjoint methods, to construct a quantitatively accurate model of the thermoacoustic behavior of a weakly turbulent conical flame in a duct. We first perform a series of automated experiments to generate a dataset. The data consist of time-series pressure measurements from which we extract (i) the eigenvalue, whose real part is the growth rate and imaginary part is the angular frequency, and (ii) the pressure eigenmode measured at several axial locations. We assimilate the data into a thermoacoustic network model to infer the unknown model parameters. We begin this process by rigorously characterizing the acoustics of the cold rig. We then introduce a series of different flames and infer their flame transfer functions (FTF) with quantified uncertainty bounds. The flame transfer function is obtained with the flames in situ, so it accounts for any confinement or heat loss effects. The inference process uses only pressure measurements, so the technique is suitable for complex combustors where optical access is not available, provided the eigenvalue or eigenmode of oscillations can be measured. We validate the method by comparing the inferred fluctuating heat release rate (HRR) against direct measurements. We find that the inferred quantities compare well with the direct measurements, but the uncertainty bounds can be large if the experimental error is large.