bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timescales of methane seepage on the Norwegian margin following collapse of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet
Authors: Crémière Antoine , Lepland Aivo , Chand Shyam , Sahy Diana , Condon Daniel J. , Noble Stephen R. , Martma Tõnu , Thorsnes Terje , Sauer Simone , Brunstad Harald 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGas hydrates stored on continental shelves are susceptible to dissociation triggered by environmental changes. Knowledge of the timescales of gas hydrate dissociation and subsequent methane release are critical in understanding the impact of marine gas hydrates on the ocean–atmosphere system. Here we report a methane efflux chronology from five sites, at depths of 220–400 m, in the southwest Barents and Norwegian seas where grounded ice sheets led to thickening of the gas hydrate stability zone during the last glaciation. The onset of methane release was coincident with deglaciation-induced pressure release and thinning of the hydrate stability zone. Methane efflux continued for 7–10 kyr, tracking hydrate stability changes controlled by relative sea-level rise, bottom water warming and fluid pathway evolution in response to changing stress fields. The protracted nature of seafloor methane emissions probably attenuated the impact of hydrate dissociation on the climate system.
Superior thermoelasticity and shape-memory nanopores in a porous supramolecular organic framework
Authors: Huang You-Gui , Shiota Yoshihito , Wu Ming-Yan , Su Sheng-Qun , Yao Zi-Shuo , Kang Soonchul , Kanegawa Shinji , Li Guo-Ling , Wu Shu-Qi , Kamachi Takashi , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Ariga Katsuhiko , Hong Mao-Chun , Sato Osamu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFlexible porous materials generally switch their structures in response to guest removal or incorporation. However, the design of porous materials with empty shape-switchable pores remains a formidable challenge. Here, we demonstrate that the structural transition between an empty orthorhombic phase and an empty tetragonal phase in a flexible porous dodecatuple intercatenated supramolecular organic framework can be controlled cooperatively through guest incorporation and thermal treatment, thus inducing empty shape-memory nanopores. Moreover, the empty orthorhombic phase was observed to exhibit superior thermoelasticity, and the molecular-scale structural mobility could be transmitted to a macroscopic crystal shape change. The driving force of the shape-memory behaviour was elucidated in terms of potential energy. These two interconvertible empty phases with different pore shapes, that is, the orthorhombic phase with rectangular pores and the tetragonal phase with square pores, completely reject or weakly adsorb N2at 77 K, respectively.
Orientation tuning of binocular summation: a comparison of colour to achromatic contrast
Authors: Gheiratmand Mina , Cherniawsky Avital S. , Mullen Kathy T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA key function of the primary visual cortex is to combine the input from the two eyes into a unified binocular percept. At low, near threshold, contrasts a process of summation occurs if the visual inputs from the two eyes are similar. Here we measure the orientation tuning of binocular summation for chromatic and equivalent achromatic contrast. We derive estimates of orientation tuning by measuring binocular summation as a function of the orientation difference between two sinusoidal gratings presented dichoptically to different eyes. We then use a model to estimate the orientation bandwidth of the neural detectors underlying the binocular combination. We find that orientation bandwidths are similar for chromatic and achromatic stimuli at both low (0.375 c/deg) and mid (1.5 c/deg) spatial frequencies, with an overall average of 29 ± 3 degs (HWHH, s.e.m). This effect occurs despite the overall greater binocular summation found for the low spatial frequency chromatic stimuli. These results suggest that similar, oriented processes underlie both chromatic and achromatic binocular contrast combination. The non-oriented detection process found in colour vision at low spatial frequencies under monocular viewing is not evident at the binocular combination stage.
Sex differences in the serum level of endogenous ligands for estrogen receptor β in the elderly population
Authors: Kobayashi Miyuki , Sugiyama Nobuhiro , Sasayama Daimei , Sasamoto Hidehiko , Miyashiro Yoshimichi , Arima Kunimasa , Washizuka Shinsuke 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAnimal studies suggest that estrogen receptor β (ERβ)-agonists, but not ERα-agonists, are antidepressants. Several endogenous ligands for ERβ have been proposed, including 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol (3βAdiol), Androstenediol (Δ5-diol), and 7α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (7α-OH-DHEA). The aim of this study was to determine the serum and salivary levels of natural ERβ ligands in men and women with and without past depressive episodes in the elderly population. DHEA (a precursor of 3βAdiol, Δ5-diol, and 7α-OH-DHEA), 17β-estradiol (E2), and cortisol (F) were also measured. Samples were collected from 51 subjects and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used for measurement. Comparisons were made between groups based on sex and depression history. E2, 3βAdiol, and Δ5-diol levels were significantly lower in women than in men regardless of depression history. There were no significant differences between men and women in DHEA or 7α-OH-DHEA levels. DHEA was significantly lower in women with depression than in women without depression. Reduced DHEA levels may be related to depression vulnerability in women. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism underlying sex differences in the prevalence of depression and increased risk of depression during menopause. Not only E2 but also two other estrogenic steroids (3βAdiol and Δ5-diol) should be involved in these studies.
Aus der Redaktion
Authors: Gaede Kirsten 
Published: May 2016

Attraktiv, attraktiv
Manchmal ist es nicht leicht, mit einer Recherche zu Rande zu kommen – die Experten sind schwer zu erreichen und hat man sie endlich an der Strippe oder sitzt sogar vor ihnen, sagen sie Dinge wie: „Die demografische Entwicklung stellt uns vor enorme Herausforderungen.“ Aber dieses Mal lief’s mit der Titelgschichte (Seite 34) wie geölt, jeder Experte hatte handfeste Tipps und Beispiele parat. Im Grunde könnten wir eine Serie starten zum Thema Arbeitgeberattraktivität. Am Ende hatten wir viel zu viel Material; zwei Gesprächspartner, Gunda Dittmer (Klinikum Itzehoe) und Josef Hug (Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe) sind leider gar nicht erwähnt. Wir werden uns aber bei ihnen melden, denn was sie sagten, ist berichtenswert – es passte nur nicht in den Fluss der Geschichte, zumal der Platz irgendwann aufgezehrt ist.
Hybrid, Hybrid
Manche Begriffe traut man sich nicht mehr zu hinterfragen, sie scheinen allgemeiner Wortschatz und doch leicht diffus. Hybrid-OP etwa – ist jeder OP mit einem C-Bogen schon ein Hybrid-OP? Wenn ja, hat einen solchen OP nicht längst jedes Krankenhaus? Wir freuen uns, dass Sven Seifert, Chefarzt am Klinikum Chemnitz, sich nicht zu fein für unsere allgemeinen Fragen war (Seite 51). Vielleicht ist das normal. Wir stellen schon seit Längererm fest, dass dünkelhafte Chefärzte rar geworden sind. Welch ein Glück für uns …Viel Freude beim Lesen wünscht Ihnen Ihre
Kirsten Gaede
Kirsten Gaede, kma-Chefredakteurin
Transferrin Receptor 1 in Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Vascular
Remodeling
Authors: Naito Yoshiro , Hosokawa Manami , Sawada Hisashi , Oboshi Makiko , Hirotani Shinichi , Iwasaku Toshihiro , Okuhara Yoshitaka , Morisawa Daisuke , Eguchi Akiyo , Nishimura Koichi , Soyama Yuko , Fujii Kenichi , Mano Toshiaki , Ishihara Masaharu , Tsujino Takeshi , Masuyama Tohru 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Iron is associated with the pathophysiology of several cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension (PH). In addition, disrupted pulmonary iron homeostasis has been reported in several chronic lung diseases. Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) plays a key role in cellular iron transport. However, the role of TfR1 in the pathophysiology of PH has not been well characterized. In this study, we investigate the role of TfR1 in the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling.

METHODS
PH was induced by exposing wild-type (WT) mice and TfR1 hetero knockout mice to hypoxia for 4 weeks and evaluated via assessment of pulmonary vascular remodeling, right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure, and RV hypertrophy. In addition, we assessed the functional role of TfR1 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro .

RESULTS
The morphology of pulmonary arteries did not differ between WT mice and TfR1 hetero knockout mice under normoxic conditions. In contrast, TfR1 hetero knockout mice exposed to 4 weeks hypoxia showed attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling, RV systolic pressure, and RV hypertrophy compared with WT mice. In addition, the depletion of TfR1 by RNA interference attenuated human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in vitro .

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that TfR1 plays an important role in the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling.
Measuring Mechanodynamics using an Unsupported Epithelial Monolayer Grown at an Air-Water Interface
Authors: Gullekson Corinne , Walker Matthew , Harden James L. , Pelling Andrew E. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTActomyosin contraction and relaxation in a monolayer is a fundamental biophysical process in development and homeostasis. Current methods used to characterize the mechanodynamics of monolayers often involve cells grown on solid supports such as glass or gels. The results of these studies are fundamentally influenced by these supporting structures. Here, we describe a new methodology for measuring the mechanodynamics of epithelial monolayers by culturing cells at an air-liquid interface. These model monolayers are grown in the absence of any supporting structures removing cell-substrate effects. This method’s potential was evaluated by observing and quantifying the generation and release of internal stresses upon actomyosin contraction (320±50Pa) and relaxation (190±40Pa) in response to chemical treatments. Although unsupported monolayers exhibited clear major and minor strain axes, they were not correlated to nuclear alignment as observed when the monolayers were grown on soft deformable gels. It was also observed that both gels and glass substrates led to the promotion of long-range cell nuclei alignment not seen in the hanging drop model. This new approach provides us with a picture of basal actomyosin mechanodynamics in a simplified system allowing us to infer how the presence of a substrate impacts contractility and long-range multi-cellular organization and dynamics.
On Narco‐coyotaje: Illicit Regimes and Their Impacts on the US–Mexico Border
Authors: Slack Jeremy , Campbell Howard 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMany have debated whether or not human smugglers, known as coyotes, are involved with drug trafficking organizations. Scholars have largely rejected so‐called “narcocoyotaje”, however; we hope to problematize this narrative by adding a new theoretical layer to the discussion. Namely, we explore the ways in which different criminal activities produce hierarchies and control illicit activities within the clandestine geography of the US–Mexico border. These “illicit regimes” operate against the State, creating a hierarchy that dominates other illicit activities in order to maximize profit, avoid detection and consolidate power. While other studies have explored the relationships between the State and illicit practices this article takes the relationship between two illicit industries as its object of study. Doing so will help us move past the simply binary question about whether or not coyotes are involved with drug cartels, and allows us to understand what is being produced by this relationship, and its consequences for everyone involved.
Management of myasthenia gravis in pregnancy
Authors: Shimizu Yuko , Kitagawa Kazuo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTo a neurologist, pregnancy and delivery are major issues for patients with neuroimmunological diseases, including myasthenia gravis (MG). MG is an autoimmune disease caused by antibodies against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor or other postsynaptic antigens, such as muscle‐specific kinase or low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 4. In Japan, a nationwide survey in 2006 showed that 15 100 people, or 11.8 per 100 000 persons, had been diagnosed with MG. In women with MG who became pregnant, the disease symptoms worsened for 41%, whereas 30% showed no change, and 29% had remission of symptoms. Exacerbations occur in the first trimester and in the first 3 months postpartum. It is also important to watch for transient neonatal MG, which occurs in 10–30% of infants delivered by mothers with MG. It is critical to carefully monitor antimuscle‐specific kinase antibody‐positive patients with MG because of their greater risk for bulbar palsy. The present review discusses the effects of pregnancy on MG and the management of MG in pregnancy.
Alien and native plant richness and abundance respond to different environmental drivers across multiple gravel floodplain ecosystems
Authors: Brummer T. J. , Byrom A. E. , Sullivan J. J. , Hulme P. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo assess whether native and alien plant cover and richness respond similarly to flow regime, propagule pressure, climate and floodplain characteristics in highly dynamic braided river ecosystems.LocationCanterbury, New Zealand.MethodsA regional, multiscale survey was conducted across 19 braided river floodplains in multiple catchments. We measured alien and native cover and richness across gradients of flow regime (flow magnitude, variability and high/low‐flow events), propagule pressure (inferred from land cover), climate and local‐scale floodplain substrate and topography. Boosted regression trees were used to determine the relative and absolute importance of these variables on plant cover and richness.ResultsThe floodplain ecosystems were highly invaded with 154 alien species and only 31 natives. Alien cover was higher in rivers with larger maximum flows, in plots with fine substrate texture, and at higher local river bed elevations. Alien richness increased as the variability of winter flows increased and followed a hump‐shaped relationship with river bed elevation. In contrast, native species richness and cover were both shaped primarily by climate and by land cover, higher in cooler and wetter areas with more adjacent native vegetation.Main conclusionsAlien and native richness and cover were shaped by different variables, so managing the ecosystem (e.g. flow regime) to mitigate aliens would not necessarily promote natives. Promotion of natives will require considerations of propagule supply and whether extant native species are suited to low‐elevation climatic conditions. Aliens were associated with predictors that approximate disturbance processes. Increased flow variability in winter could lead to an increase in the number of aliens; conversely, flow stabilization is likely to allow problematic invaders to increase in cover locally.
The thrombin generation assay distinguishes inhibitor from non‐inhibitor patients with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Mancuso M. E. , Chantarangkul V. , Clerici M. , Fasulo M. R. , Padovan L. , Scalambrino E. , Peyvandi F. , Tripodi A. , Santagostino E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPatients with haemophilia A (HA) have impaired thrombin generation (TG) capacity and TG assay (TGA) values are linearly related to plasma factor VIII (FVIII) levels.AimThis study carried out in patients with unmeasurable FVIII (<1 IU dL−1) was aimed at unravelling any difference in TG capacity in patients with or without inhibitors.MethodsBlood samples were collected from patients in a non‐bleeding state, after a 5‐day wash‐out period from last treatment.ResultsTGA was performed in 102 patients with severe HA (15% with high‐responding inhibitors; 51% with null F8 mutations, that as expected were more prevalent in inhibitor than in non‐inhibitor patients). TG capacity was significantly lower in inhibitor than non‐inhibitor patients and in those with null mutations than in those with non‐null mutations. When the TG capacity was evaluated only in patients with null mutations with and without inhibitors it was lower in the presence of inhibitors.ConclusionsThis study shows a greater TG impairment in inhibitor patients irrespective of FVIII levels, inhibitor titre and F8 mutation type, suggesting a role for the TGA in unravelling functional interferences of anti‐FVIII inhibitors on coagulation system activation.
The first report of the thyroid function of haemophilic patients with HIV/HCV co‐infection in Japan
Authors: Sakimura C. , Eguchi S. , Yamanouchi K. , Minami S. , Kuba S. , Hayashida N. , Soyama A. , Hidaka M. , Takatsuki M. , Maeda S. , Kuroki T. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionA high incidence of thyroid dysfunction is reported in patients with HIV or HCV mono‐infection. We have conducted a periodic medical examination including the thyroid function for haemophilic patients with HIV/HCV co‐infection due to contaminated blood products.MethodsWe examined the thyroid function (as assessed by the FT3, FT4 and TSH levels) in 45 haemophilic patients, including thyroglobulin and auto‐antibody, antithyroglobulin antibody, antithyroid peroxidase antibody and anti‐TSH receptor antibody in 28 patients.ResultsAll the patients were males (median age: 42 years; range: 29–66). The median values of thyroid function were FT3 3.36 pg mL−1, FT4 1.125 ng mL−1 and TSH 1.65 μIU mL−1. Five patients (11.1%) had high TSH levels. In 28 patients in whom the presence of auto‐antibodies was examined, the median age was 47 years of age. The median value of thyroglobulin was 16 ng mL−1 and two patients showed high levels of thyroglobulin. The presence of anti‐TSH receptor antibody of all the patients was negative, but one patient (3.5%) was positive of antithyroid peroxidase antibody and antithyroglobulin antibody.ConclusionsSince 0.68–3.6% of the general healthy population is reported to show hypothyroidism, our data showed that the proportion of hypothyroidism in haemophilic patients with HIV/HCV co‐infection was more frequent than that of the normal population.
Electrical Impedance Variations in Banana Ripening: An Analytical Study with Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Chowdhury Atanu , Kanti Bera Tushar , Ghoshal Dibyendu , Chakraborty Badal 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFruit ripening is a very crucial event in food engineering as the fruits are very important and essential food materials for human health. Under‐ripening and over‐ripening both are not desirable to have all the essential and important nutrients in the fruits which are only available at their optimum‐ripening state. Hence, studying the ripening process of fruits is very much essential which will not only help the people to have the best fruit quality but also will help the researcher and scientist to analyze the food quality. Chemical and biochemical analyses conducted to analyze the fruit ripening are time‐consuming and destructive in nature; hence, these methods, generally, are not found suitable for routine, fast and repetitive inspections. A fast and nondestructive fruit ripening characterization method is found essential to study the ripening state and fruit nutrients levels. In this direction, the EIS studies have been conducted as a nondestructive evaluation method to study the electrical impedance variations during banana ripening. The electrical impedance of banana samples is measured by Agilent 4294A impedance analyzer at different states of ripening and the ripening states are correlated with their corresponding impedances. All the impedance parameters, Z, phase angle, real part of Z and imaginary part of Z are studied to analyze the ripening phenomena in terms of banana impedance. The results demonstrate that the complex impedance, real part and imaginary part of the impedance all increase with the progresses in the ripening process. Equivalent circuit modeling shows that the ripened banana contains constant phase elements. Statistical analysis conducted on the samples from a same bunch also shows that the electrical impedance spectroscopy technique can be applied for noninvasive characterization of banana ripening.Practical ApplicationsEIS conducted on banana ripening characterizes the banana ripening process in terms of its impedance variation and develops the equivalent circuit. EIS studies establish the correlation between the bioimpedance variation and ripening states which can be potentially utilized to study the banana ripening noninvasively. Statistical analysis shows that the standard deviation of all the impedance parameters of different banana samples obtained from a same bunch is very low compared to the corresponding mean values. It is observed that the EIS study conducted on one banana sample can represent the ripening state of the other bananas and hence the EIS studies conducted on limited number of samples can be utilized to characterize the ripening of the entire banana stacks. Thus EIS studies on banana ripening not only help us to find the optimum ripening state but also it will help the researchers to analyze its physiological changes, taste, and nutrient levels.
Going Cognitivein der Themenforschung
Authors: Scarinzi Alfonsina 
Published: May 2016

Gegenstand dieses Beitrages ist die Rolle der kognitiven und stilistischen Dehabitualisierung beim thematischen Lesen eines Textes der Literatur im Rahmen der sogenannten kognitiven Wende in der Literaturwissenschaft und Themenforschung. Es wird behauptet, dass Abweichung, die Verfremdung erreicht, für das thematische Lesen eines Textes der Literatur relevant wird, wenn sie nicht nur Abweichung von standardisiertem Sprachgebrauch, sondern auch Abweichung von etablierten kulturellen Wissensschemata bewirken kann. Auf diese Weise wird auf Isers Kritik am Abweichungsbegriff als Bedingung der Poetizität zurückgegangen. Die kognitive Kontrollfunktion vonmanifestness(Sperber & Wilson) undinterestingness(Schank) bei der Disambiguierung der thematischen Vieldeutigkeit eines Textes der Literatur wird besprochen.
Role of Eosinophil Granulocytes in Allergic Airway Inflammation Endotypes
Authors: Amin K. , Janson C. , Bystrom J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEosinophil granulocytes are intriguing members of the innate immunity system that have been considered important defenders during parasitic diseases as well as culprits during allergy‐associated inflammatory diseases. Novel studies have, however, found new homoeostasis‐maintaining roles for the cell. Recent clinical trials blocking different Th2 cytokines have uncovered that asthma is heterogeneous entity and forms different characteristic endotypes. Although eosinophils are present in allergic asthma with early onset, the cells may not be essential for the pathology. The cells are, however, likely disease causing in asthma with a late onset, which is often associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. Assessment of eosinophilia, fraction exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and periostin are markers that have emerged useful in assessing and monitoring asthma severity and endotype. Current scientific knowledge suggests that eosinophils are recruited by the inflammatory environment, activated by the innate interleukin (IL)‐33 and prevented from apoptosis by both lymphocytes and innate immune cells such as type two innate immune cells. Eosinophils contain four specific granule proteins that exhibit an array of toxic and immune‐modulatory activates. The granule proteins can be released by different mechanisms. Additionally, eosinophils contain a number of inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators as well as radical oxygen species that might contribute to the disease both by the recruitment of other cells and the direct damage to supporting cells, leading to exacerbations and tissue fibrosis. This review aimed to outline current knowledge how eosinophils are recruited, activated and mediate damage to tissues and therapies used to control the cells.