bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of inter simple sequence repeats and protein markers in assessing genetic diversity and relationships among four rabbit genotypes
Authors: El-Sabrout K. , Aggag S.A. 
Published: December 2015

<p>The importance of DNA and protein applications as powerful tools in breeding programmes is revealed. The inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) technique was used to characterise and determine phylogenetic relationships among 4 genotypes of rabbit, namely Alexandria (Alex), V line (V), New Zealand White (NZW) and California (Cal). Six out of 7 ISSR primers exhibited sufficient variability and were used to characterise the genetic diversity and relationships among studied genotypes. A total of 141 DNA ands were detected. DNA fragments were generated with 87 (61.7%) being polymorphic, indicating considerable genetic variation among the examined genotypes. While protein electrophoresis provides a precise method for assaying variation in serum proteins which play an important part in productive performance. The results demonstrated 2 specific protein markers in Alexandria rabbits; these specific protein markers may be responsible for the superiority of Alexandria line in weight. Phylogenetic analysis based on Nei and Li unbiased genetic distance illustrated that (Alex &amp; V) and (Cal &amp; V) were genetically closely related. Our results showed that ISSR and protein electrophoresis are useful methods to detect different genetic expressions and understand the variability in some productive traits in rabbits.</p>
Nutritive value of co-products derived from olivecake in rabbit feeding
Authors: De Blas J.C. , Rodriguez C.A. , Bacha F. , Fernandez R. , Abad-Guamán R. 
Published: December 2015

<p>Olive cake is one of the main agro-industrial co-products in the Mediterranean area of Spain, with high availability almost all year round. In addition, most of the product is dehydrated, which increases its interest in monogastric species such as rabbits. Nineteen samples from various Spanish oil mills using different processing methods were analysed for their chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. The average composition was [in dry matter (DM) basis]: ash (9.64%), neutral detergent fibre (52.0%), acid detergent fibre (36.8%), acid detergent lignin (19.1%), crude protein (CP) (11.3%), insoluble neutral (8.0%) and acid detergent crude protein (5.15%), ether extract (10.9%) and gross energy (21.9 MJ/kg). DM and CP in vitro digestibility were, on av., 53.4 and 41.4% respectively. High variability was observed among the samples for most of the traits studied. Fibrous fractions were highly correlated among them and negatively with ether extract content, whereas CP was little related to other feed components. A stepwise regression analysis allowed us to determine regression equations to predict DM and CP in vitro digestibilities from chemical composition (R2=0.80 and 0.91, respectively). As regards the current results, olive cake has potential use for rabbits as a source of insoluble fibre and lignin. Crude samples (not oil extracted) combined with sieving to retain the smaller particles have an additional interest, because of their higher energy value and significant supply of high quality fat.</p>
Comparative Evaluation of Two Final Irrigation Techniques for the Removal of Precipitate Formed by the Interaction between Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine
Authors: Dinesh K , Hegde Swaroop , Bhandi Shilpa H , Metri Malasiddappa , Indiresha HN , Nagaraj Shruthi 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of two final irrigation techniques for the removal of precipitate formed by the interaction between sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX).Materials and methodsSixty freshly extracted human maxillary incisor teeth were taken and randomly divided into three groups, containing 20 teeth each. Group 1 (control group), were irrigated with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl and a final flush with 5 ml of 2% chlorhexidine. Group 2 were irrigated with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl and 5 ml of 2% chlorhexidine followed by 5 ml of saline and agitated with F-files. Group 3 were irrigated with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl and 5 ml of 2% chlorhexidine followed by 5 ml of 15% citric acid and passively agitated with ultrasonics. A thin longitudinal groove was made along the buccal and lingual aspect of the root using diamond disks and split with chisel and mallet. Both halves of the split tooth will be examined under stereomicroscope. Results were tabulated and analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mann- Whitney U test.ResultThere was a significant difference between the mean values (p < 0.05) in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 at each level.ConclusionPassive ultrasonic irrigation is more effective than the F-file agitation technique to remove the precipitate at all three levels measured.Clinical significanceCombination of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine irrigation protocol has been practiced since from many years to achieve good results. However, it has adverse effect in the form of precipitate and which is considered to be a carcinogenic in nature, hence this precipitate should be removed.How to cite this articleMetri M, Hegde S, Dinesh K, Indiresha HN, Nagaraj S, Bhandi SH. Comparative Evaluation of Two Final Irrigation Techniques for the Removal of Precipitate Formed by the Interaction between Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11):850-853.
Cleaning of Root Canal System by Different Irrigation Methods
Authors: de Toledo Leonardo Renato , Chávez-Andrade Gisselle Moraima , Tanomaru-Filho Mario , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria , Miano Lucas Martinati , Torres Fernanda Ferrari Esteves 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the cleaning of main and lateral canals using the irrigation methods: negative pressure irrigation (EndoVac system), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and manual irrigation (MI).

Materials and methods
Resin teeth were used. After root canal preparation, four lateral canals were made at 2 and 7 mm from the apex. Root canals were filled with contrast solution and radiographed pre- and post-irrigation using digital radiographic system [radiovisiography (RVG)]. The irrigation protocols were: MI1—manual irrigation [22 G needle at 5 mm short of working length-WL]; MI2—manual irrigation (30G needle at 2 mm short of WL); PUI; EV1—EndoVac (microcannula at 1 mm short of WL); EV2—Endovac (microcannula at 3 mm short of WL). The obtained images, initial (filled with contrast solution) and final (after irrigation) were analyzed by using image tool 3.0 software. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (5% significance level).

Results
EV1 and EV2, followed by PUI showed better cleaning capacity than manual irrigation (MI1 and MI2) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Negative pressure irrigation and PUI promoted better cleaning of main and simulated lateral canals.

Clinical significance
Conventional manual irrigation technique may promote less root canal cleaning in the apical third. For this reason, the search for other irrigation protocols is important, and EndoVac and PUI are alternatives to contribute to irrigation effectiveness.

How to cite this article
Tanomaru-Filho M, Miano LM, Chávez-Andrade GM, Torres FFE, de Toledo RL, Guerreir-Tanomaru JM. Cleaning of Root Canal System by Different Irrigation Methods. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11):859-863.
A Comparative Study of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety, Depression and Change in Sexual Functioning of Patients with Facial Injuries and Patients with Extremity Injuries
Authors: Kumar Dilip , Raghuveer HP , Prashanth NT , Shobha ES , Rangan Vinod , Rao TSS 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
This study was performed to identify and compare the presence of and the levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression and if any change in sexual functioning is present in patients with disfiguring facial injuries, nondisfiguring facial injuries and visible extremity injuries.

Materials and methods
A total of 378 patients from multi modal trauma centers in Bengaluru city were included for the study. A total of 153 patients were those who had disfiguring facial injuries, 111 patients with nondisfiguring facial injuries and 114 patients had sustained a visible extremity injury that was not covered by clothing (disfigurement /scarring). The assessments were carried out at three time intervals (the date of discharge, 1 month postoperatively and 6 months postoperatively) of the follow-up.
The impact of events scale (IES), the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and changes in sexual functioning questionnaire (CSFQ) were used.

Results
Statistically significant higher means of IES, HADS (both for anxiety and depression) were present in patients with disfiguring facial injuries compared to patients with nondisfiguring facial injuries and visible extremity injuries and this was present at all three study intervals (date of discharge, 1st postoperative month and 6th postoperative month). There was a statistically significant change in the means of CSFQ scores of visible extremity injuries compared to other groups at the date of discharge bordering on sexual dysfunction, there was a raise in CSFQ scores among all three groups at the 1st postoperative month and the 6th postoperative month which was above the dysfunction cut-off.

Conclusion
The results of this study led to the conclusion that in comparison with patients who had sustained disfiguring facial injuries, nondisfiguring facial injuries and visible extremity/ orthopedic injuries, the mean IES scores, HADS scores for both anxiety and depression of the facial disfiguring injury patients was higher at all three study intervals (date of discharge, 1st postoperative month and 6 months postoperatively), indicating higher PTSD levels, anxiety and depression in patients with disfiguring facial injuries, CSFQ scores were above the cutoff suggested at the 1st month and 6th month postoperative indicating no sexual dysfunction in all the three groups.

How to cite this article
Prashanth NT, Raghuveer HP, Kumar D, Shobha ES, Rangan V, Rao TSS. A Comparative Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety, Depression and Change in Sexual Functioning of Patients with Facial Injuries and Patients with Extremity Injuries. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11): 884-892.
Public QoS and Net Neutrality Measurements: Current Status and Challenges Toward Exploitable Results
Authors: Koukoutsidis Ioannis 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The interest for Quality of Service (QoS) measurements in the Internet has exceeded the boundaries of research laboratories and passed into the public domain. The Internet is treated as a public utility, and users are given the right to access Internet content of their choice at an adequate quality. This coincides with the sustained interest for net neutrality (NN), basic safeguards for which are being taken in countries all over the world. Today, several tools have become available that empower end-users to measure the performance of their Internet connection and detect NN violations. However, the value that end-users obtain with these measurements is still small and the results are not being exploited satisfactorily by regulatory authorities, policy makers, and consumers. In this article, we perform a detailed review of the tools that are currently available for public QoS and NN measurements and explore three challenges that must be met in order to extract more value from the results: (a) Harmonization of measurement methodologies of basic performance parameters (throughput, delay, jitter, and packet loss); (b) the creation of a toolbox for detecting and monitoring NN violations; and (c) the use of a proper sampling plan for producing estimates over population groups.
New technique: AlloDerm® interposition arthroplasty of thumb carpo-metacarpal joint
Authors: Wise David Miller 
Published: December 2015

Excision arthroplasty is an alternative procedure for degenerative arthritis of the trapezium carpal bone that has failed non-surgical treatment. Autologous or heterologous interposition materials are used following excision of the trapezium, but may not prevent first metacarpal-scaphoid joint collapse or subsidence. AlloDerm® is a cadaver-harvested, immunologically inert dermal collagen graft. This report documents the uncomplicated use of AlloDerm® in 13 thumbs of 9 patients who had first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint excision interposition arthroplasty for degenerative arthritis. Joints functioned well after arthroplasty with AlloDerm®. These clinical results compare favorably to results in 6 Silicon implant CMC arthroplasty patients, and 3 autologous dermal graft CMC arthroplasty patients. Future clinical research, on joint stability, the durability of this collagen graft, newer dermal collagen substrates, and prevention of metacarpal subsidence, will determine the ultimate role of AlloDerm® in interposition arthroplasty.
Evidence of Morocco Industry Long-Term Return Contrarian
Authors: Gharaibeh Omar 
Published: December 2015

<p>In a landmark paper, Bornholt, Gharaibeh, and Malin (2015) show strong evidence of contrarian in the long-term returns of U.S. industries over formation periods (up to 132 months), this paper investigates whether there is evidence of contrarian in the long-term returns of 17 Morocco industries using monthly data covering the period from January 1995 to April 2014. This study finds strong evidence of long-term return contrarian in industry returns from strategy with long formation period lengths of 108, 120 and 132 months and this finding confirms the Bornholt et al. (2015) finding. The finding of this paper suggests that industry-level return contrarian is not simply a reflection of the stock-level contrarian. These contrarians are difficult to reconcile with overreaction.</p><p> </p>
Established Stem Cell Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Is Applicable in the Evaluation of the Efficacy of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog
Authors: Ohuchi Kazuki , Funato Michinori , Kato Zenichiro , Seki Junko , Kawase Chizuru , Tamai Yuya , Ono Yoko , Nagahara Yuki , Noda Yasuhiro , Kameyama Tsubasa , Ando Shiori , Tsuruma Kazuhiro , Shimazawa Masamitsu , Hara Hideaki , Kaneko Hideo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by the degeneration of spinal motor neurons. This disease is mainly caused by mutation or deletion of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Currently, no effective treatment is available, and only symptomatic treatment can be provided. Our purpose in the present study was to establish a human SMA-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (SMA-iPSC) disease model and assay a therapeutic drug in preparation for the development of a novel treatment of SMA. We generated iPSCs from the skin fibroblasts of a patient with SMA and confirmed that they were pluripotent and undifferentiated. The neural differentiation of SMA-iPSCs shortened the dendrite and axon length and increased the apoptosis of the spinal motor neurons. In addition, we found activated astrocytes in differentiated SMA-iPSCs. Using this model, we confirmed that treatment with the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog, 5-oxo-l-prolyl-l-histidyl-l-prolinamide, which had marginal effects in clinical trials, increases the SMN protein level. This increase was mediated through the transcriptional activation of the SMN2 gene and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity. Finally, the TRH analog treatment resulted in dendrite and axon development of spinal motor neurons in differentiated SMA-iPSCs. These results suggest that this human in vitro disease model stimulates SMA pathology and reveal the potential efficacy of TRH analog treatment for SMA. Therefore, we can screen novel therapeutic drugs such as TRH for SMA easily and effectively using the human SMA-iPSC model.

Significance
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has recently been reported to produce the greatest increase in survival motor neuron protein levels by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β; however, motor neurons lack PDGF receptors. A human in vitro spinal muscular atrophy-derived induced pluripotent stem cell model was established, which showed that the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) analog promoted transcriptional activation of the SMN2 gene and inhibition of GSK-3β activity, resulting in the increase and stabilization of the SMN protein and axon elongation of spinal motor neurons. These results reveal the potential efficacy of TRH analog treatment for SMA.
Concise Review: Review and Perspective of Cell Dosage and Routes of Administration From Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Stem Cell Therapy for Heart Disease
Authors: Golpanian Samuel , Schulman Ivonne H. , Ebert Ray F. , Heldman Alan W. , DiFede Darcy L. , Yang Phillip C. , Wu Joseph C. , Bolli Roberto , Perin Emerson C. , Moyé Lem , Simari Robert D. , Wolf Ariel , Hare Joshua M. ,   Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn important stage in the development of any new therapeutic agent is establishment of the optimal dosage and route of administration. This can be particularly challenging when the treatment is a biologic agent that might exert its therapeutic effects via complex or poorly understood mechanisms. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have shown paradoxical results, with inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between the cell dose and clinical benefit. Such phenomena can, at least in part, be attributed to variations in cell dosing or concentration and the route of administration (ROA). Although clinical trials of cell-based therapy for cardiovascular disease began more than a decade ago, specification of the optimal dosage and ROA has not been established. The present review summarizes what has been learned regarding the optimal cell dosage and ROA from preclinical and clinical studies of stem cell therapy for heart disease and offers a perspective on future directions.SignificancePreclinical and clinical studies on cell-based therapy for cardiovascular disease have shown inconsistent results, in part because of variations in study-specific dosages and/or routes of administration (ROA). Future preclinical studies and smaller clinical trials implementing cell-dose and ROA comparisons are warranted before proceeding to pivotal trials.
Toward more realistic projections of soil carbon dynamics by Earth system models
Authors: Luo Yiqi , Ahlström Anders , Allison Steven D. , Batjes Niels H. , Brovkin Victor , Carvalhais Nuno , Chappell Adrian , Ciais Philippe , Davidson Eric A. , Finzi Adien , Georgiou Katerina , Guenet Bertrand , Hararuk Oleksandra , Harden Jennifer W. , He Yujie , Hopkins Francesca , Jiang Lifen , Koven Charlie , Jackson Robert B. , Jones Chris D. , Lara Mark J. , Liang Junyi , McGuire A. David , Parton William , Peng Changhui , Randerson James T. , Salazar Alejandro , Sierra Carlos A. , Smith Matthew J. , Tian Hanqin , Todd‐Brown Katherine E. O. , Torn Margaret , van Groenigen Kees Jan , Wang Ying Ping , West Tristram O. , Wei Yaxing , Wieder William R. , Xia Jianyang , Xu Xia , Xu Xiaofeng , Zhou Tao 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSoil carbon (C) is a critical component of Earth system models (ESMs), and its diverse representations are a major source of the large spread across models in the terrestrial C sink from the third to fifth assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Improving soil C projections is of a high priority for Earth system modeling in the future IPCC and other assessments. To achieve this goal, we suggest that (1) model structures should reflect real‐world processes, (2) parameters should be calibrated to match model outputs with observations, and (3) external forcing variables should accurately prescribe the environmental conditions that soils experience. First, most soil C cycle models simulate C input from litter production and C release through decomposition. The latter process has traditionally been represented by first‐order decay functions, regulated primarily by temperature, moisture, litter quality, and soil texture. While this formulation well captures macroscopic soil organic C (SOC) dynamics, better understanding is needed of their underlying mechanisms as related to microbial processes, depth‐dependent environmental controls, and other processes that strongly affect soil C dynamics. Second, incomplete use of observations in model parameterization is a major cause of bias in soil C projections from ESMs. Optimal parameter calibration with both pool‐ and flux‐based data sets through data assimilation is among the highest priorities for near‐term research to reduce biases among ESMs. Third, external variables are represented inconsistently among ESMs, leading to differences in modeled soil C dynamics. We recommend the implementation of traceability analyses to identify how external variables and model parameterizations influence SOC dynamics in different ESMs. Overall, projections of the terrestrial C sink can be substantially improved when reliable data sets are available to select the most representative model structure, constrain parameters, and prescribe forcing fields.
The mantle wedge's transient 3‐D flow regime and thermal structure
Authors: Davies D. R. , Le Voci G. , Goes S. , Kramer S. C. , Wilson C. R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractArc volcanism, volatile cycling, mineralization, and continental crust formation are likely regulated by the mantle wedge's flow regime and thermal structure. Wedge flow is often assumed to follow a regular corner‐flow pattern. However, studies that incorporate a hydrated rheology and thermal buoyancy predict internal small‐scale‐convection (SSC). Here, we systematically explore mantle‐wedge dynamics in 3‐D simulations. We find that longitudinal “Richter‐rolls” of SSC (with trench‐perpendicular axes) commonly occur if wedge hydration reduces viscosities to
Pa s, although transient transverse rolls (with trench‐parallel axes) can dominate at viscosities of
Pa s. Rolls below the arc and back arc differ. Subarc rolls have similar trench‐parallel and trench‐perpendicular dimensions of 100–150 km and evolve on a 1–5 Myr time‐scale. Subback‐arc instabilities, on the other hand, coalesce into elongated sheets, usually with a preferential trench‐perpendicular alignment, display a wavelength of 150–400 km and vary on a 5–10 Myr time scale. The modulating influence of subback‐arc ridges on the subarc system increases with stronger wedge hydration, higher subduction velocity, and thicker upper plates. We find that trench‐parallel averages of wedge velocities and temperature are consistent with those predicted in 2‐D models. However, lithospheric thinning through SSC is somewhat enhanced in 3‐D, thus expanding hydrous melting regions and shifting dehydration boundaries. Subarc Richter‐rolls generate time‐dependent trench‐parallel temperature variations of up to
K, which exceed the transient 50–100 K variations predicted in 2‐D and may contribute to arc‐volcano spacing and the variable seismic velocity structures imaged beneath some arcs.