bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscapes of anatexis: A ritual using a razor sharp blade for resurrecting the phoenix
Authors: Varnavas Nasios 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Power and capital often enslave forms of poetic expression. By standardizing processes they tend to dissolve the original form, intent and true psyche of creative statements. Thinking and acting in a specific, fast-paced, efficient, mechanized or institutionalized rationale many times removes the very human factor or presence, which is scarily displaced by regulatory measures and ideological or capital concepts of a greedy consumerist pseudo-culture. In today’s highly scientific or technological jungle driven by the above, narrative, vision, belief and romance, key ingredients of intellectual evolution, seem to be getting increasingly diluted in a big pile of neutrality and mediocrity led by fat tasteless money. Architecture, which depends greatly on the booming economic landscapes, has found itself in stagnant waters, unable to shift, inspire or propose new forms of tectonic resistance to envision the future and overcome the clichés of reliving its past. It has been for years in a state of latency or safe paralysis, injected with properness, apologetic behaviour, excessive okayness and coolness, losing its once dexterous mind and body. This article imagines a 24-hour ritual, as partly scientific and partly empirical form of practice, and studies ten different fragments of architectural events/artefacts that suggest novelty: identifying specific and fragile tipping points, augmenting, subverting, challenging notions of constructing or deconstructing, and eventually restructuring the existing architectural ‘corpse’, staging its dangerous yet bright awakening. A quasi-fictional flight or daydream across these interwoven landscapes, paralleled to a human body cursed by the illness of preconception and perfection, synthesizes an anxious implicit critique on the current state of architecture, attacking it, to resurrect it from its deep lethargic sleep. Each word or slice becomes a cut seeking to fill its corpus with an eternal bright light and to suggest forms of seeing or conceiving other than the rational. The highly intuitive mechanisms formed by this ritual aim to generate a living manifesto, a way of looking at things with a will to change them. Operation tools transform from literal to metaphorical linguistic concepts and aim to metamorphose the passive architectural ‘object’ into an active container ‘body’ catalysing the restless fluid motions of life: Anatexis.
Challenges of measuring monoclonal proteins in serum
Authors: Keren David F. , Schroeder Lee 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe measurement of monoclonal protein (M-protein) is vital for stratifying risk and following individuals with a variety of monoclonal gammopathies. Direct measurement of the M-protein spike by electrophoresis and immunochemical measurements of specific isotypes or free light chains pairs has provided useful information about the quantity of M-protein. Nonetheless, both traditional electrophoresis and immunochemical methods give poor quantification with M-proteins smaller than 10 g/L (1 g/dL) when in the presence of polyclonal immunoglobulins that co-migrate with the M-protein. In addition, measurements by electrophoresis of M-proteins migrating in the β- and α-regions are contaminated by normal serum proteins in those regions. The most precise electrophoretic method to date for quantification involves exclusion of the polyclonal immunoglobulins by using the tangent skimming method on electropherograms, which provides a 10-fold improvement in precision. So far, however, tangent measurements are limited to γ migrating M-proteins. Another way to improve M-protein measurements is the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE). With CE, one can employ immunosubtraction to select a region of interest in the β region thereby excluding much of the normal proteins from the M-protein measurement. Recent development of an immunochemical method distinguishing heavy/light chain pairs (separately measuring IgGK and IgGL, IgAK and IgAL, and IgMK and IgML) provides measurements that could exclude polyclonal contaminants of the same heavy chain with the uninvolved light chain type. Yet, even heavy/light results contain an immeasurable quantity of polyclonal heavy/light chains of the involved isotype. Finally, use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) looms on the horizon as a means to provide more consistent and sensitive measurements of M-proteins.
Numerical Analysis and Computation of a Type of IMEX Method for the Time-Dependent Natural Convection Problem
Authors: Yang Yun-Bo , Jiang Yao-Lin 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A new numerical regularization method for the natural convection problem is presented, which is based on a type of implicit-explicit (IMEX) second-order time-stepping schemes in temporal discretization and stabilized mixed finite element in spatial discretization. This method deals with a non-linear advection term in both the momentum equation and the energy equation by linearization. We only need to solve a linear problem at each time step and the discrete curvature of the solutions is added as a stabilization term for the velocity, the pressure and the temperature, respectively. Unconditional stability is proved and an a priori error estimate is derived. Finally, a series of numerical experiments are also given to confirm the theoretical analysis and to demonstrate the efficiency of the new method.
Hodge theory on Cheeger spaces
Authors: Albin Pierre , Leichtnam Eric , Mazzeo Rafe , Piazza Paolo 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We extend the study of the de Rham operator with ideal boundary conditions from the case of isolated conic singularities,
as analyzed by Cheeger, to the case of arbitrary stratified pseudomanifolds.
We introduce a class of ideal boundary conditions and the notion of mezzoperversity, which intermediates between the standard lower and upper middle perversities in intersection theory, as interpreted in this de Rham setting, and show that the de Rham operator with these boundary conditions is Fredholm and has compact resolvent.
We also prove an isomorphism between the resulting Hodge
and

L
2

L^{2}

de Rham cohomology groups, and that these are independent of the choice of iterated edge metric.
On spaces which admit ideal boundary conditions of this type which are also self-dual, which we call ‘Cheeger spaces’, we show that these Hodge/de Rham cohomology groups satisfy Poincaré duality.
Case report of neonatal near drowning associated with underwater birth
Authors: Wright Sarah , Abdel-Latif Mohamed E. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Water immersion of labouring women during the first stage and second stage of labour significantly reduces analgesia requirements and increases women’s reported satisfaction with pushing, without adversely affecting labour duration, operative delivery rates, or foetal wellbeing. However, immersion during the third stage of labour is associated with potential serious complications that are not seen with land-based birth. Here, we present a case report of a baby born via water birth. The report illustrates increased risk of significant perinatal morbidity associated with water birth.
Reactions between peracetic acid and lipophilic extractives – methodologies and implications in post bleaching of kraft pulps
Authors: Raitanen Jan-Erik , Sundberg Anna , Konn Jonas , Smeds Annika , Willför Stefan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Pulp mills constantly look for opportunities to increase their production capacity without major investments, as well as to save in overall bleaching costs. Peracetic acid (PAA) is used in post bleaching of kraft pulps to increase pulp brightness, to prevent brightness reversion in pulp storage, and to prohibit problems caused by extractives. However, the rates and significance of reactions between PAA and lipophilic extractives in pulp bleaching are not known in detail. Hence, the reactions between PAA and model compounds of extractives have been studied as emulsions in water and directly in methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Unsaturated compounds were found to be reactive in both water and MTBE, and the conventional extractive analyses had to be modified. Freeze-drying the reaction mixture with subsequent trimethylsilylation and GC-analysis was a very effective analytical approach. As a result of PAA treatment, fatty acids and sterols with double bonds were shown to form epoxides and the corresponding diols. Dehydroabietic acid (DeAb) also reacted with PAA by oxidation of the benzylic position. After longer reaction times, the reaction products of the extractives were further degraded or formed cross-linked aggregates. The epoxides and diols were also identified in samples from pulp mills applying PAA in post bleaching.
Synthesis of Butyl Acetate in a Membrane Reactor in a Flow-Through Mode
Authors: Liu Guangrui , Guo Shiwei , He Benqiao , Li Jianxin , Qian Xiaoming 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A composite catalytic membrane (CCM), as a heterogeneous catalyst, was prepared from sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) and polyethersulfone (PES) impregnating polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) non-woven fabric by solvent evaporation method, which was employed to produce butyl acetate from continuous esterification of acetic acid with n-butyl alcohol in a flow-through mode. The pervaporation-assisted esterification was also carried out to promote forward reaction of the esterification through online removing the water produced. The results showed that the n-butyl alcohol conversion was over 95.0 % at the reaction temperature of 363 K, the initial acetic acid/n-butyl alcohol molar ratio of 4:1 and the residence time of 4,000 s in single flow-through mode. In the pervaporation-assisted esterification, an obvious enhancement in conversion was achieved compared with the esterification without pervaporation. And the CCMs presented a good catalytic activity and stability.
Qualitätskontrolle und Validierung in der diagnostischen Durchflusszytometrie
Authors: Dorn-Beineke Alexandra , Sack Ulrich 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Die Durchflusszytometrie hat sich in der Labordiagnostik als unverzichtbare Spezialmethode durchgesetzt. Wegen der Besonderheiten in der Analytik vitaler Zellen stellt die Einführung und Gewährleistung von Qualitätsmanagementsystemen eine Herausforderung dar. Zur Qualitätskontrolle und Validierung in der diagnostischen Durchflusszytometrie liegen mittlerweile Erfahrungen vor, die in diesem Beitrag zusammenfassend dargestellt werden. Im Fokus stehen dabei die relevanten Regelwerke für diagnostische Laboratorien und die damit verbundenen Anforderungen an die medizinische Diagnostik, neben den Richtlinien der Bundesärztekammer (RiliBÄK) insbesondere die Akkreditierung nach DIN EN ISO 15189. Dabei werden Faktoren mit Einfluss auf durchflusszytometrische Analysen, Strategien zur Standardisierung und Harmonisierung in der Durchflusszytometrie und Möglichkeiten zur Verifizierung und Validierung im durchflusszytometrischen Labor aufgezeigt. Eine Zusammenfassung häufiger Qualitätsprobleme schließt die Darstellung ab.
Temporal Evolution of Spatial Computations for Visuomotor Control
Authors: Franklin David W. , Reichenbach Alexandra , Franklin Sae , Diedrichsen Jörn 
Published: February 2016

Goal-directed reaching movements are guided by visual feedback from both target and hand. The classical view is that the brain extracts information about target and hand positions from a visual scene, calculates a difference vector between them, and uses this estimate to control the movement. Here we show that during fast feedback control, this computation is not immediate, but evolves dynamically over time. Immediately after a change in the visual scene, the motor system generates independent responses to the errors in hand and target location. Only about 200 ms later, the changes in target and hand positions are combined appropriately in the response, slowly converging to the true difference vector. Therefore, our results provide evidence for the temporal evolution of spatial computations in the human visuomotor system, in which the accurate difference vector computation is first estimated by a fast approximation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe dominant view regarding the neural control of reaching is that the visuomotor system controls movement based on the difference vector—the difference between the positions of the hand and target. We directly test this theory by measuring the responses to visual perturbations over a large range of possible variations in both target and hand displacements. By modeling the nonlinearity of the feedback response, we were able to reveal the temporal evolution of the underlying computations. The visuomotor system first uses an approximation to the difference vector computation, simply combining the nonlinear responses to cursor and target displacements, only arriving at the correct difference vector calculation 200 ms later.
A Distributed Network for Social Cognition Enriched for Oxytocin Receptors
Authors: Mitre Mariela , Marlin Bianca J. , Schiavo Jennifer K. , Morina Egzona , Norden Samantha E. , Hackett Troy A. , Aoki Chiye J. , Chao Moses V. , Froemke Robert C. 
Published: February 2016

Oxytocin is a neuropeptide important for social behaviors such as maternal care and parent–infant bonding. It is believed that oxytocin receptor signaling in the brain is critical for these behaviors, but it is unknown precisely when and where oxytocin receptors are expressed or which neural circuits are directly sensitive to oxytocin. To overcome this challenge, we generated specific antibodies to the mouse oxytocin receptor and examined receptor expression throughout the brain. We identified a distributed network of female mouse brain regions for maternal behaviors that are especially enriched for oxytocin receptors, including the piriform cortex, the left auditory cortex, and CA2 of the hippocampus. Electron microscopic analysis of the cerebral cortex revealed that oxytocin receptors were mainly expressed at synapses, as well as on axons and glial processes. Functionally, oxytocin transiently reduced synaptic inhibition in multiple brain regions and enabled long-term synaptic plasticity in the auditory cortex. Thus modulation of inhibition may be a general mechanism by which oxytocin can act throughout the brain to regulate parental behaviors and social cognition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOxytocin is an important peptide hormone involved in maternal behavior and social cognition, but it has been unclear what elements of neural circuits express oxytocin receptors due to the paucity of suitable antibodies. Here, we developed new antibodies to the mouse oxytocin receptor. Oxytocin receptors were found in discrete brain regions and at cortical synapses for modulating excitatory-inhibitory balance and plasticity. These antibodies should be useful for future studies of oxytocin and social behavior.
Phase Locking of Multiple Single Neurons to the Local Field Potential in Cat V1
Authors: Martin Kevan A. C. , Schröder Sylvia 
Published: February 2016

The local field potential (LFP) is thought to reflect a temporal reference for neuronal spiking, which may facilitate information coding and orchestrate the communication between neural populations. To explore this proposed role, we recorded the LFP and simultaneously the spike activity of one to three nearby neurons in V1 of anesthetized cats during the presentation of drifting sinusoidal gratings, binary dense noise stimuli, and natural movies. In all stimulus conditions and during spontaneous activity, the average LFP power at frequencies >20 Hz was higher when neurons were spiking versus not spiking. The spikes were weakly but significantly phase locked to all frequencies of the LFP. The average spike phase of the LFP was stable across high and low levels of LFP power, but the strength of phase locking at low frequencies (≤10 Hz) increased with increasing LFP power. In a next step, we studied how strong stimulus responses of single neurons are reflected in the LFP and the LFP–spike relationship. We found that LFP power was slightly increased and phase locking was slightly stronger during strong compared with weak stimulus-locked responses. In summary, the coupling strength between high frequencies of the LFP and spikes was not strongly modulated by LFP power, which is thought to reflect spiking synchrony, nor was it strongly influenced by how strongly the neuron was driven by the stimulus. Furthermore, a comparison between neighboring neurons showed no clustering of preferred LFP phase. We argue that hypotheses on the relevance of phase locking in their current form are inconsistent with our findings.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe local field potential (LFP) is hypothesized to play a vital role in the efficient communication between neuronal populations, as well as in the efficient coding of information. Underlying these roles is the assumption that spikes can be strongly and reliably locked to certain phases of oscillations in the LFP. Gamma oscillations are thought to be the best candidate mechanism exerting the hypothesized roles of the LFP. They occur most reliably in response to specific artificial stimuli, but are usually very weak in response to natural movies or images. The current study finds that spikes exhibited weak phase locking when the power of gamma oscillations is weak and thus casts doubt on a general relevance of phase locking for neural communication and coding.
Parkin Modulates Endosomal Organization and Function of the Endo-Lysosomal Pathway
Authors: Song Pingping , Trajkovic Katarina , Tsunemi Taiji , Krainc Dimitri 
Published: February 2016

Mutations inPARK2(parkin), which encodes Parkin protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, are associated with autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). While several studies implicated Parkin in the regulation of mitophagy and proteasomal degradation, the precise mechanism leading to neurodegeneration upon Parkin loss of function remains incompletely understood. In this study, we found that Parkin modulates the endocytic pathway through the regulation of endosomal structure and function. We showed that loss of Parkin function led to decreased endosomal tubulation and membrane association of vesicle protein sorting 35 (VPS35) and sorting nexin 1 (SNX1), as well as decreased mannose 6 phosphate receptor (M6PR), suggesting the impairment of retromer pathway in Parkin-deficient cells. We also found increased formation of intraluminal vesicles coupled with enhanced release of exosomes in the presence of mutant Parkin. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of these alterations in the endocytic pathway in Parkin-deficient cells, we found that Parkin regulates the levels and activity of Rab7 by promoting its ubiquitination on lysine 38 residue. Both endogenous Rab7 in Parkin-deficient cells and overexpressed K38 R-Rab7 mutant displayed decreased effector binding and membrane association. Furthermore, overexpression of K38R-Rab7 in HEK293 cells phenocopied the increased secretion of exosomes observed in Parkin-deficient cells, suggesting that Rab7 deregulation may be at least partially responsible for the endocytic phenotype observed in Parkin-deficient cells. These findings establish a role for Parkin in regulating the endo-lysosomal pathway and retromer function and raise the possibility that alterations in these pathways contribute to the development of pathology in Parkin-linked Parkinson's disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur work highlights the importance of Parkin in controlling the endocytic pathway by regulation of retromer function, endosomal tubulation, and inward vesiculation, and the secretion of exosomes.
P2Y Receptors Sensitize Mouse and Human Colonic Nociceptors
Authors: Hockley James R. F. , Tranter Michael M. , McGuire Cian , Boundouki George , Cibert-Goton Vincent , Thaha Mohamed A. , Blackshaw L. Ashley , Michael Gregory J. , Baker Mark D. , Knowles Charles H. , Winchester Wendy J. , Bulmer David C. 
Published: February 2016

Activation of visceral nociceptors by inflammatory mediators contributes to visceral hypersensitivity and abdominal pain associated with many gastrointestinal disorders. Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides (e.g., ATP and UTP) are strongly implicated in this process following their release from epithelial cells during mechanical stimulation of the gut, and from immune cells during inflammation. Actions of ATP are mediated through both ionotropic P2X receptors and metabotropic P2Y receptors. P2X receptor activation causes excitation of visceral afferents; however, the impact of P2Y receptor activation on visceral afferents innervating the gut is unclear. Here we investigate the effects of stimulating P2Y receptors in isolated mouse colonic sensory neurons, and visceral nociceptor fibers in mouse and human nerve-gut preparations. Additionally, we investigate the role of Nav1.9 in mediating murine responses. The application of UTP (P2Y2and P2Y4agonist) sensitized colonic sensory neurons by increasing action potential firing to current injection and depolarizing the membrane potential. The application of ADP (P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2Y13agonist) also increased action potential firing, an effect blocked by the selective P2Y1receptor antagonist MRS2500. UTP or ADP stimulated afferents, including mouse and human visceral nociceptors, in nerve-gut preparations. P2Y1and P2Y2transcripts were detected in 80% and 56% of retrogradely labeled colonic neurons, respectively. Nav1.9 transcripts colocalized in 86% of P2Y1-positive and 100% of P2Y2-positive colonic neurons, consistent with reduced afferent fiber responses to UTP and ADP in Nav1.9−/−mice. These data demonstrate that P2Y receptor activation stimulates mouse and human visceral nociceptors, highlighting P2Y-dependent mechanisms in the generation of visceral pain during gastrointestinal disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChronic visceral pain is a debilitating symptom of many gastrointestinal disorders. The activation of pain-sensing nerves located in the bowel wall and their sensitization to physiological stimuli, including bowel movements, underpins the development of such pain, and is associated with mediators released during disease. This work addresses the unstudied role of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides in modulating colonic nociceptors via P2Y receptors using a combination of electrophysiological recordings from humanex vivosamples and a detailed functional study in the mouse. This is the first report to identify colonic purinergic signaling as a function of P2Y receptor activation, in addition to established P2X receptor activity, and the results contribute to our understanding of the development of visceral pain during gastrointestinal disease.