bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When do you procrastinate? Sleep quality and social sleep lag jointly predict self‐regulatory failure at work
Authors: Kühnel Jana , Bledow Ronald , Feuerhahn Nicolas 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThis study investigates antecedents of procrastination, the tendency to delay the initiation or completion of work activities. We examine this phenomenon from a self‐regulation perspective and argue that depleted self‐regulatory resources are an important pathway to explain why and when employees procrastinate. The restoration of self‐regulatory resources during episodes of non‐work is a prerequisite for the ability to initiate action at work. As sleep offers the opportunity to replenish self‐regulatory resources, employees should procrastinate more after nights with low‐quality sleep and shorter sleep duration. We further propose that people's social sleep lag amplifies this relationship. Social sleep lag arises if individuals' preference for sleep and wake times, known as their chronotype, is misaligned with their work schedule. Over five consecutive workdays, 154 participants completed a diary study comprising online questionnaires. Multilevel analyses showed that employees procrastinated less on days when they had slept better. The more employees suffered from social sleep lag, the more they procrastinated when sleep quality was low. Day‐specific sleep duration, by contrast, was not related to procrastination. We discuss the role of sleep for procrastination in the short run and relate our findings to research highlighting the role of sleep for well‐being in the long run. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oscillating behavior of Clostridium difficile Min proteins in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Makroczyová Jana , Jamroškovič Ján , Krascsenitsová Eva , Labajová Nad'a , Barák Imrich 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn rod‐shaped bacteria, the proper placement of the division septum at the midcell relies, at least partially, on the proteins of the Min system as an inhibitor of cell division. The main principle of Min system function involves the formation of an inhibitor gradient along the cell axis; however, the establishment of this gradient differs between two well‐studied gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria. While in gram‐negative Escherichia coli, the Min system undergoes pole‐to‐pole oscillation, in gram‐positive Bacillus subtilis, proper spatial inhibition is achieved by the preferential attraction of the Min proteins to the cell poles. Nevertheless, when E.coli Min proteins are inserted into B.subtilis cells, they still oscillate, which negatively affects asymmetric septation during sporulation in this organism. Interestingly, homologs of both Min systems were found to be present in various combinations in the genomes of anaerobic and endospore‐forming Clostridia, including the pathogenic Clostridium difficile. Here, we have investigated the localization and behavior of C.difficile Min protein homologs and showed that MinDE proteins of C.difficile can oscillate when expressed together in B.subtilis cells. We have also investigated the effects of this oscillation on B.subtilis sporulation, and observed decreased sporulation efficiency in strains harboring the MinDE genes. Additionally, we have evaluated the effects of C.difficile Min protein expression on vegetative division in this heterologous host.
Pt‐Decorated g‐C3N4/TiO2 Nanotube Arrays with Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity for H2 Evolution
Authors: Gao Zhi‐Da , Qu Yong‐Fang , Zhou Xuemei , Wang Lei , Song Yan‐Yan , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAligned TiO2 nanotube layers (TiNTs) grown by self‐organizing anodization of a Ti‐substrate in a fluoride‐based electrolyte were decorated with graphitic‐phase C3N4 (g‐C3N4) via a facile chemical vapor deposition approach. In comparison with classical TiO2 nanotubes (anatase), the g‐C3N4/TiNTs show an onset of the photocurrent at 2.4 eV (vs. 3.2 eV for anatase) with a considerably high photocurrent magnitude in the visible range. After further decoration with Pt nanoparticles, we obtained a visible‐light responsive platform that showed, compared with g‐C3N4‐free TiNTs, a strong enhancement for photoelectrochemical and bias‐free H2 evolution (15.62 μLh−1 cm−2), which was almost a 98‐fold increase in the H2 production rate of TiNTs (0.16 μLh−1 cm−2). In a wider context, the g‐C3N4‐combined 3 D nanoporous/nanotubular structure thus provides a platform with significant visible‐light response in photocatalytic applications.
Near real‐time vaccine safety surveillance using electronic health records—a systematic review of the application of statistical methods
Authors: Leite Andreia , Andrews Nick J. , Thomas Sara L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposePre‐licensure studies have limited ability to detect rare adverse events (AEs) to vaccines, requiring timely post‐licensure studies. With the increasing availability of electronic health records (EHR) near real‐time vaccine safety surveillance using these data has emerged as an option. We reviewed methods currently used to inform development of similar systems for countries considering their introduction.MethodsMedline, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched, with additional searches of conference abstract books. Questionnaires were sent to organizations worldwide to ascertain unpublished studies. Eligible studies used EHR and regularly assessed pre‐specified AE to vaccine(s). Key features of studies were compared descriptively.ResultsFrom 2779 studies, 31 were included from the USA (23), UK (6), and Taiwan and New Zealand (1 each). These were published/conducted between May 2005 and April 2015. Thirty‐eight different vaccines were studied, focusing mainly on influenza (47.4%), especially 2009 H1N1 vaccines. Forty‐six analytic approaches were used, reflecting frequency of EHR updates and the AE studied. Poisson‐based maximized sequential probability ratio test was the most common (43.5%), followed by its binomial (23.9%) and conditional versions (10.9%). Thirty‐seven of 49 analyses (75.5%) mentioned control for confounding, using an adjusted expected rate (51.4% of those adjusting), stratification (16.2%) or a combination of a self‐controlled design and stratification (13.5%). Guillain‐Barré syndrome (11.9%), meningitis/encephalitis/myelitis (11.9%) and seizures (10.8%) were studied most often.ConclusionsNear real‐time vaccine safety surveillance using EHR has developed over the past decade but is not yet widely used. As more countries have access to EHR, it will be important that appropriate methods are selected, considering the data available and AE of interest. © 2016 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The current status and future prospects of kesterite solar cells: a brief review
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Feng Yu , Cui Hongtao , Liu Fangyang , Hao Xiaojing , Conibeer Gavin , Mitzi David B. , Green Martin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractKesterite‐based solar cells are attracting considerable attention in recent years, owing to the reduced toxicity and greater abundance of their constituent elements. In this brief review, we discuss the current status of this important technology by focusing on three key aspects of the device: (i) the interface between the kesterite absorber and the Mo back contact, (ii) the kesterite absorber bulk defects and grain boundaries and (iii) the interface between the kesterite absorber and the buffer layer. By identifying key issues to be addressed, we provide suggestions for their potential improvement and future research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between 3‐methylbenzenediazonium ions and catechol
Authors: Jaszczuk Katarzyna , Dudzik Anna , Losada‐Barreiro Sonia , Szymula Marta , Narkiewicz‐Michalek Jolanta , Bravo‐Díaz Carlos 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe have investigated the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between 3‐methylbenzenediazonium, 3MBD, ions and catechol (1,2‐dihydroxybenzene, [CAT]) in aqueous buffer solution under acidic conditions by employing spectrometric UV/VIS. The variation of the observed rate constant, kobs, with the acidity at a given [CAT] follows an upward curve, with rate enhancements of up to 20‐fold on going from pH = 3.0 up to pH = 5.0, suggesting that the reaction takes place with the monoanionic form of [CAT]. At relatively high acidities, the variation of kobs with [CAT] is linear with an intercept very close to the value for the thermal decomposition of 3MBD; however, a decrease in the acidity leads to saturation kinetics profiles with non‐zero pH‐dependent intercepts, prompting us to propose a reaction mechanism comprising two consecutive equilibrium processes involving the bimolecular, reversible, formation of a highly unstable Z‐diazo ether, which undergoes isomerization to the E‐isomer through a unimolecular step. The results highlight the complexity of the reactions of arenediazonium ions with nucleophilic arenes containing two or more hydroxy groups and are valuable to exploit arenediazonium ions as chemical probes to determine antioxidant distributions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mineralisation and degradation of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dimethylamine salt in a biobed matrix and in topsoil
Authors: Knight J Diane , Cessna Allan J , Ngombe Dean , Wolfe Tom M 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiobeds are used for on‐farm bioremediation of pesticides in sprayer rinsate and from spills during sprayer filling. Using locally sourced materials from Saskatchewan, Canada, a biobed matrix was evaluated for its effectiveness for mineralising and degrading 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dimethylamine salt (2,4‐DDMA) compared with the topsoil used in the biobed matrix.RESULTSApplying 2,4‐DDMAto the biobed matrix caused a 2–3 day lag inCO2production not observed when the herbicide was applied to topsoil. Despite the initial lag, less residual 2,4‐D was measured in the biobed (0%) matrix than in the topsoil (57%) after a 28 day incubation. When the herbicide was applied 5 times to the biobed matrix, netCO2increased immediately after each 2,4‐DDMAapplication. Mineralisation of 2,4‐DDMAwas 61.9% and residual 2,4‐D in the biobed matrix was 0.3% after 60 days, compared with corresponding values of 32.9 and 70.9% in topsoil.CONCLUSIONThe biobed matrix enhanced the mineralisation and degradation of 2,4‐DDMA, indicating the potential for successful implementation of biobeds under Canadian conditions. The biobed matrix was more effective for mineralising and degrading the herbicide compared with the topsoil used in the biobed matrix. By correcting for biobed matrix and formulation blank,CO2evolution was a reliable indicator of 2,4‐DDMAmineralisation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Mechanism of leaf‐cutting ant colony suppression by fipronil used in attractive toxic baits
Authors: Gandra Lailla C , Amaral Karina D , Couceiro Joel C , Della Lucia Terezinha MC , Guedes Raul NC 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAttractive toxic baits are the prevailing method for managing leaf‐cutting ants in the eucalypt forests planted for the production of pulp, paper, timber and charcoal. For successful use in these baits, the insecticidal compounds need to circumvent the typical defences of the eusocial leaf‐cutting ants. The challenge is to have an insecticide in the bait that will not directly harm and/or compromise foraging workers, but that will eventually suppress the colony. These underlying mechanisms are poorly known, and here the potential mechanism of fipronil activity in toxic baits for leaf‐cutting ants was assessed using colonies of the representative Neotropical Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus (Forel, 1893).RESULTSAlthough forager activity was not directly impaired by fipronil, the insecticide affected forager nestmate interactions (auto‐ and allogrooming) and waste removal and, more importantly, greatly affected the minor workers, impairing their activities of fungus garden cultivation and progeny handling. The fast decay of the fungus garden compromised the sustainability of the colonies, ultimately leading to their demise within 8 days.CONCLUSIONThe behavioural effects of sublethal insecticide exposure towards minor workers are the main determinants of insecticide activity as ant baits and should be targeted in developing such compounds. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of selected herbicides and fungicides on growth, sporulation and conidial germination of entomopathogenic fungusBeauveria bassiana
Authors: Celar Franci A , Kos Katarina 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThein vitrofungicidal effects of six commonly used fungicides, namely fluazinam, propineb, copper(II) hydroxide, metiram, chlorothalonil and mancozeb, and herbicides, namely isoxaflutole, fluazifop‐P‐butyl, flurochloridone, foramsulfuron, pendimethalin and prosulfocarb, on mycelial growth, sporulation and conidial germination of entomopathogenic fungusBeauveria bassiana(ATCC74040) were investigated. Mycelial growth rates and sporulation at 15 and 25 °C were evaluated onPDAplates containing 100, 75, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 0% of the recommended application rate of each pesticide. The tested pesticides were classified in four scoring categories based on reduction in mycelial growth and sporulation.RESULTSAll pesticides, herbicides and fungicides tested had fungistatic effects of varying intensity, depending on their rate in the medium, onB. bassiana.The most inhibitory herbicides were flurochloridone and prosulfocarb, and fluazinam and copper(II) hydroxide were most inhibitory among the fungicides, while the least inhibitory were isoxaflutole and chlorothalonil. Sporulation and conidial germination ofB. bassianawere significantly inhibited by all tested pesticides compared with the control treatment. Flurochloridone, foramsulfuron, prosulfocarb and copper(II) hydroxide inhibited sporulation entirely at 100% rate (99–100% inhibition), and the lowest inhibition was shown by fluazifop‐P‐butyl (22%) and metiram (33%). At 100% dosage, all herbicides in the test showed a high inhibitory effect on conidial germination. Conidial germination inhibition ranged from 82% with isoxaflutole to 100% with fluorochloridone, pendimethalin and prosulfocarb. At 200% dosage, inhibition rates even increased (96–100%).CONCLUSIONSAll 12 pesticides tested had a fungistatic effect onB. bassianaof varying intensity, depending on the pesticide and its concentration.B. bassianais highly affected by some herbicides and fungicides even at very low rates. Flurochloridone, foramsulfuron, prosulfocarb and copper(II) hydroxide stopped sporulation. Of all tested pesticides, isoxaflutole, fluazifop‐P‐butyl and chlorothalonil showed the least adverse effects and therefore probably could be compatible withB. bassianain the field. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Resistance to PPO‐inhibiting herbicide in Palmer amaranth from Arkansas
Authors: Salas Reiofeli A , Burgos Nilda R , Tranel Patrick J , Singh Shilpa , Glasgow Les , Scott Robert C , Nichols Robert L 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe widespread occurrence of ALS inhibitor‐ and glyphosate‐resistant Amaranthus palmeri has led to increasing use of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)‐inhibiting herbicides in cotton and soybean. Studies were conducted to confirm resistance to fomesafen (a PPO inhibitor), determine the resistance frequency, examine the resistance profile to other foliar‐applied herbicides and investigate the resistance mechanism of resistant plants in a population collected in 2011 (AR11‐LAW B) and its progenies from two cycles of fomesafen selection (C1 and C2).RESULTSThe frequency of fomesafen‐resistant plants increased from 5% in the original AR11‐LAW‐B to 17% in the C2 population. The amounts of fomesafen that caused 50% growth reduction were 6‐, 13‐ and 21‐fold greater in AR11‐LAW‐B, C1 and C2 populations, respectively, than in the sensitive ecotype. The AR11‐LAW‐B population was sensitive to atrazine, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate and mesotrione but resistant to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides pyrithiobac and trifloxysulfuron. Fomesafen survivors from C1 and C2 populations tested positive for the PPO glycine 210 deletion previously reported in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus).CONCLUSIONThese studies confirmed that Palmer amaranth in Arkansas has evolved resistance to foliar‐applied PPO‐inhibiting herbicide. © 2016 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
What Do Young Science Students Need to Learn About Variables?
Authors: KUHN DEANNA 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTHave the Next Generation Science Standards fulfilled a goal of specifying the objectives of precollege science education in clear and exact enough terms to make them readily implementable? Using students’ understanding of the concept of a variable as a case in point, the author suggests that the standards, despite their seeming precision and clarity, leave critical questions not fully answered regarding what K–12 students need to master to be judged knowledgeable regarding scientific practices. This is especially the case given that scientific practices entail not only procedural knowledge but also epistemic understanding, i.e., the purposes and ends toward which practices are conducted. If the teacher does not fully appreciate the epistemic component and lacks deep understanding of procedures, engaging students in related activities is less likely to seem worthwhile to the teacher and in turn to students, leaving teachers tempted to focus attention on content‐defined learning, where goals are clearer.
Entry, exit, and the potential for resource redeployment
Authors: Lieberman Marvin B. , Lee Gwendolyn K. , Folta Timothy B. 
Published: January 2016

Research summary: Combining the concept of resource relatedness with the economic notion of sunk costs, we assess how the potential for resource redeployment affects market entry and exit by multi‐business firms. If the performance of a new business falls below expectations, a diversified firm may be able to redeploy its resources back into related businesses. In effect, relatedness reduces the sunk costs associated with a new business, which facilitates exit. This, in turn, has implications for entry: By decreasing the cost of failure, the potential for redeployment justifies the undertaking of riskier entries and greater experimentation. These dynamic benefits of relatedness are distinct from standard notions of “synergy.” To show support for this idea, we provide a mathematical model, descriptive data, and company examples.Managerial summary: The ability to redeploy resources inside the firm reduces the cost of entry “mistakes.” If a new business turns out to have poor profitability, the ability to redeploy more of its resources back into the firm's other businesses allows recycling of investment and can speed up the retreat. This reduces not only the cost of exit, but also the cost of entry. Managers should therefore be more willing to experiment and take risks in developing businesses that are more related to the firm's existing businesses, whereas if redeployment is likely to be difficult, managers should be cautious about entering. New businesses should be chosen in ways that facilitate redeployment, and managers should consider the implications of redeployment when setting the performance thresholds that justify entry and exit. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When the target may know better: Effects of experience and information asymmetries on value from mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Cuypers Ilya R. P. , Cuypers Youtha , Martin Xavier 
Published: January 2016

Research summary: Extending research on the effect of experience on acquisition outcomes, we examine how the differential in previous M&A experience between the target and the acquirer affects the value they, respectively, obtain when the acquirer takes over the target. Drawing on literature about organizational learning, negotiation, and information economics, we theorize that the party with greater experience will be able to obtain more value. Furthermore, we theorize that the effect of differential M&A experience on value obtained is contingent on the level of information asymmetry the acquirer faces with respect to the target, specifically as a function of the target's product‐market scope and whether the deal is friendly. We test and find support for these predictions in a sample of 1,241 M&As over a 30‐year period.Managerial summary: Corporate strategy is about a firm's scope and development decisions and outcomes, but corporate strategizing is incomplete unless managers anticipate the moves of other economic actors. We demonstrate the importance of these points when it comes to learning to make acquisitions. Using an innovative research design and theory that enables comparison between acquirer and target gains, we show that whatever their firm's acquisition history and capabilities, acquisitive managers should mind the negotiation and other pitfalls that arise when target firms possess ample acquisition experience of their own. We also demonstrate that the effect of experience advantage, whereby the more experienced party benefits, depends on the target firm's scope and whether the deal is friendly—two dimensions that acquirers can and should take into account. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Strategic Management Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The Surgical Workforce and Surgical Provider Productivity in Sierra Leone: A Countrywide Inventory
Authors: Bolkan Håkon A. , Hagander Lars , von Schreeb Johan , Bash‐Taqi Donald , Kamara Thaim B. , Salvesen Øyvind , Wibe Arne 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundLimited data exist on surgical providers and their scope of practice in low‐income countries (LICs). The aim of this study was to assess the distribution and productivity of all surgical providers in an LIC, and to evaluate correlations between the surgical workforce availability, productivity, rates, and volume of surgery at the district and hospital levels.MethodsData on surgeries and surgical providers from 56 (93.3 %) out of 60 healthcare facilities providing surgery in Sierra Leone in 2012 were retrieved between January and May 2013 from operation theater logbooks and through interviews with key informants.ResultsThe Sierra Leonean surgical workforce consisted of 164 full‐time positions, equal to 2.7 surgical providers/100,000 inhabitants. Non‐specialists performed 52.8 % of all surgeries. In rural areas, the densities of specialists and physicians were 26.8 and 6.3 times lower, respectively, compared with urban areas. The average individual productivity was 2.8 surgeries per week, and varied considerably between the cadres of surgical providers and locations. When excluding four centers that only performed ophthalmic surgery, there was a positive correlation between a facility’s volume of surgery and the productivity of its surgical providers (rs = 0.642, p < 0.001).ConclusionsLess than half of all of the surgery in Sierra Leone is performed by specialists. Surgical providers were significantly more productive in healthcare facilities with higher volumes of surgery. If all surgical providers were as productive as specialists in the private non‐profit sector (5.1 procedures/week), the national volume of surgery would increase by 85 %.