bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Williams Christopher , McClay Carrie-Anne , Matthews Lynsay , McConnachie Alex , Haig Caroline , Walker Andrew , Morrison Jill 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundTo date no studies have explored the effectiveness of written cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) resources for low mood and stress delivered via a course of self-help classes in a community setting.AimsTo assess the effectiveness of an 8-week community-based CBT self-help group classes on symptoms of depression, anxiety and social function at 6 months (trial registration: ISRCTN86292664).MethodIn total, 142 participants were randomly allocated to immediate (n= 71) or delayed access to a low-intensity CBT intervention (n= 71). Measures of depression, anxiety and social function were collected at baseline and 6 months.ResultsThere was a significant improvement for the primary outcome of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score (mean between-group difference: –3.64, 95% CI –6.06 to –1.23;P= 0.004). The percentage of participants reducing their PHQ-9 score between baseline and 6 months by 50% or more was 17.9% for the delayed access group and 43.8% for the immediate access group. Secondary outcomes also improved including anxiety and social function. The intervention was cost neutral. The probabilities of a net benefit at willingness to pay thresholds of £20 000, £25 000 or £30 000 were 0.928, 0.944 and 0.955, respectively.ConclusionsLow-intensity class-based CBT delivered within a community setting is effective for reducing depression, anxiety and impaired social function at little additional cost.Declaration of interestC.W. is president of British Association for Behavioural & Cognitive Psychotherapies (BABCP) – the lead body for CBT in the UK. He is also author of a range of CBT-based resources available commercially. He is developer of the LLTTF classes evaluated in this study. He receives royalty, and is shareholder and director of a company that commercialises these resources.
Return of the asylum
Authors: Gilhooley Jane , Kelly Brendan D. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryRates of involuntary admission are increasing in England. Personality disorder should be excluded as a criterion for involuntary admission; stronger restraint reduction programmes should be instigated; and involuntary care should be based on treating illness (something we can do) and not on predicting violence (something we cannot).Declaration of interestNone.
The Veritable Véritable Saint Genest: Tragedy and Martyr Play in Jean Rotrou
Authors: Braider Christopher 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Students of seventeenth-century French drama offer oddly truncated readings of Jean Rotrou’s Véritable Saint Genest. Fascinated by the play within a play in which the eponymous saint is converted to a Christian martyr’s faith by performing a Christian martyr’s role, scholars focus on acts 2 through 4, where the play in question is rehearsed and staged. However, overlooking the frame in acts 1 and 5, where the subject of the interior play is chosen and the problematic consequences of the actor’s conversion are laid out, obscures Rotrou’s true theme, which is neither of those conventionally ascribed to him: the staging of the martyr drama’s soteriological lesson or, in more secular wise, a baroque celebration of theater’s demiurgical powers of illusion. Rotrou reflects instead on the motives behind period reluctance to stage tragedies that draw on recent events, in particular the religious civil wars of the preceding century. Albeit in the discreetly displaced form of a martyr story set in imperial Rome, the play enacts the violent disorders associated with religion itself and so, by extension, the virtues of the new secular order that theater embodies.
β-Catenin signaling is essential for mammalian larynx recanalization and the establishment of vocal fold progenitor cells
Authors: Lungova Vlasta , Verheyden Jamie M. , Sun Xin , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Congenital laryngeal webs result from failure of vocal fold separation during development in utero. Infants present with life-threatening respiratory problems at birth, and extensive lifelong difficulties in breathing and voicing. The molecular mechanisms that instruct vocal fold formation are rarely studied. Here, we show, for the first time, that conditional inactivation of the gene encoding β-catenin in the primitive laryngopharyngeal epithelium leads to failure in separation of the vocal folds, which approximates the gross phenotype of laryngeal webbing. These defects can be traced to a series of morphogenesis defects, including delayed fusion of the epithelial lamina and formation of the laryngeal cecum, failed separation of the larynx and esophagus with reduced and disorganized cartilages and muscles. Parallel to these morphogenesis defects, inactivation of β-catenin disrupts stratification of epithelial cells and establishment of p63+ basal progenitors. These findings provide the first line of evidence that links β-catenin function to the cell proliferation and progenitor establishment during larynx and vocal fold development.
Genome and epigenome engineering CRISPR toolkit for in vivo modulation of cis-regulatory interactions and gene expression in the chicken embryo
Authors: Williams Ruth M. , Senanayake Upeka , Artibani Mara , Taylor Gunes , Wells Daniel , Ahmed Ahmed Ashour , Sauka-Spengler Tatjana 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering has revolutionised all aspects of biological research, with epigenome engineering transforming gene regulation studies. Here, we present an optimised, adaptable toolkit enabling genome and epigenome engineering in the chicken embryo, and demonstrate its utility by probing gene regulatory interactions mediated by neural crest enhancers. First, we optimise novel efficient guide-RNA mini expression vectors utilising chick U6 promoters, provide a strategy for rapid somatic gene knockout and establish a protocol for evaluation of mutational penetrance by targeted next-generation sequencing. We show that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of transcription factors causes a reduction in their cognate enhancer-driven reporter activity. Next, we assess endogenous enhancer function using both enhancer deletion and nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) effector fusions to modulate enhancer chromatin landscape, thus providing the first report of epigenome engineering in a developing embryo. Finally, we use the synergistic activation mediator (SAM) system to activate an endogenous target promoter. The novel genome and epigenome engineering toolkit developed here enables manipulation of endogenous gene expression and enhancer activity in chicken embryos, facilitating high-resolution analysis of gene regulatory interactions in vivo.
Bilayered Crystalline Organic Semiconductors for Solution-processed OFETs: Asymmetrically-substituted Smectic Liquid Crystal of Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene Derivatives
Authors: Wu Hao , Iino Hiroaki , Hanna Jun-ichi 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Asymmetrically-substituted smectic liquid crystals with a small core of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) substituted with monoalkyl and phenyl groups, 6-alkyl-2-phenyl-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (Ph-BDT-Cn, n = 8, 14), were synthesized, and their mesomorphism and properties of crystalline films were characterized for solution-processed OFETs. Both compounds exhibited the SmE phase, and their crystalline films derived from SmE films exhibited the crystal-to-crystal transition from the monolayered crystals as-fabricated to the bilayered crystals when thermally annealed. The FET mobility was significantly enhanced by a factor of 2 to 10, accompanied with the phase transition to the bilayered crystals and reached up to 0.59 cm2 V−1 s−1 in spite of a small core of BDT. We discuss a new strategy of molecular design of soluble OFET materials behind the present results.
Stromal fibrosis: imaging features with diagnostic contribution of diffusion-weighted MRI
Authors: Yilmaz Ravza , Bayramoglu Zuhal , Kartal Merve Gulbiz , Çaliskan Emine , Salmaslıoglu Artur , Dursun Memduh , Acunas Gulden 
Published: February 2018

Objective:
To describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography findings of breast stromal fibrosis (SF) and compare apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) stromal fibrosis values with breast cancer and normal parenchyma.

Methods:
45 patients (ages 22‒74) with histopathologically proven SF who underwent MRI were included in this study. Their MRI and ultrasonography features were examined and categorized. The mean ADC values for SF, contralateral normal parenchyma, and breast malignancy of the control group values were calculated and compared among each other.

Results:
The vast majority of SF on sonography showed features suggestive of malignancy: (1) irregular in shape 25/45 (55%); (2) indistinct in margin 27/45 (60%); and (3) hypoechoic 39/45 (87%) with posterior acoustic shadowing 11/45 (24%). An SF MRI showed a mass in 12/45 (26%) and non-mass enhancement in 33/45 (74%), mostly with irregular (8/12; 67%) shape. Non-mass lesions showed heterogeneous (12/33), clumped (9/33), and homogenous (9/33) enhancement. The initial SF contrast uptake rate varied between slow (57%), rapid (22%), and medium (21%). Delayed SF enhancement may be persistent (66%) or plateau (34%). Small cysts were located around/near 21 (47%) of lesions. Ductal ectasia was found in 14 (31%) of all patients. Mean ADCs of parenchyma, SF, and malignancy were 1.32 ± 0.32, 1.23 ± 0.25, and 0.99 ± 0.24 × 10–3 mm2 sec–1, respectively.

Conclusion:
SF often mimics breast carcinoma on imaging and leads the radiology‒pathology disagreement. In terms of distinguishing SF from malignancy, ADC could be a significant and promising value in diffusion-weighted MRI along with conventional sequences. Slow initial uptake with delayed persistent contrast enhancement in a non-mass lesion with relatively higher ADC values are very helpful for differentiating SF from malignancy. The presence of small cysts and ductal ectasia were common findings around/near the SF.

Advances in knowledge:
A quantitative analysis for measuring ADC values along with additional MRI features can be very helpful in distinguishing SF from malignant lesions.
The use of algae in animal nutrition
Authors: CHRISTAKI (Ε. ΧΡΗΣΤΑΚΗ) E. , KARATZIA (Μ. ΚΑΡΑΤΖΙΑ) M. , FLOROU-PANERI (Π. ΦΛΩΡΟΥ-ΠΑΝΕΡΗ) P. 
Published: February 2018

In this review article the use of algae as feed in animal nutrition is being examined. The algae evolved on earth 3.5 billion years ago. They are primitive, generally aquatic and photosynthetic organisms, which range in size from 0,2-2,0 μιτι in diameter -microalgae (phytoplankton) up to 60 m length- macroalgae and may divide once or more per day. Algae are classified using a combination of characteristics in the chlorophyta, phaeophyta, chrysophyta, rhodophyta (all of them are macroalgae), pyrrhophyta and cyanophyta (they are microalgae). The chemical composition of algae varies over a wide range and depends on environmental conditions. Algae are necessary in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. They can be used as biodisel from their bio-lipid oil, as feed additives (alginates, carrageenans, agar, pigments), as therapeutic agents, as cosmetics, as organic fertilizer. Moreover, edible algae are considered sources of minerals and a complementary source of food protein for human -especially infunctional foods and animal nutrition, both in ruminants and monogastric animals. Algae in the rations of lactating cows increased milk production, the average milk protein, the amount of lactose, and prolonged the lactation period, while algae rich in (n-3) fatty acids effected positively on this fatty acid content of milk. In calves the dietary algae en-hanced immune function and improved carcass characteristics. Regarding the ewes, the algae nutrition affected milk fat composition and their dairy products. Researches on monogastric animals showed that the dietary supplementation of algae rich in docosqexaenoic acid increased its content in muscle tissue of rabbits, heavy pigs (live weight around 160 kg) and in the egg yolk of laying hens. In addition, algae in poultry diets can be used effectively as pigment sources both in egg yolk and in broiler skin and shanks. Algae have been found also to be a valuable food for fish farmed by acquaculture. However, further investigation is needed concerning the use of algae in human and animal nutrition.
Marteiliosis in molluscs
Authors: KARAGIANNIS (Δ. ΚΑΡΑΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ) D. , ANGELIDIS (Π. ΑΓΓΕΛΙΔΗΣ) P. 
Published: February 2018

The protozoans, belonging to the phylum Paramyxea and particularly to the genera Marteilia, are the more important mollusc pathogens. The last thirty years marteiliosis has caused economic losses in mollusc aquaculture worldwide. According to the World Organisation for Animal Health (O.I.E.), it is not a zoonosis and it is classified in List II that includes mollusc diseases which are an obligatory statement in the European Union. The disease is characterized by progressive loss of body-weight of the infected shellfish and alteration of the colour of the digestive gland. Because of the absence of pathognomonic symptoms, histological and molecular techniques are required for the diagnosis of the disease. In Greece, marteiliosis constitutes a continuous threat for the mollusc aquaculture and demands surveillance and proper management. Genetic improvement of host species, in order to produce individuals resistant to the disease, as well as knowledge of the biology of Marteilia sp. constitute useful tools for the reduction of the impact of marteiliosis.
Organic acids in pig and poultry nutrition
Authors: GIANNENAS (Η. ΓΙΑΝΝΕΝΑΣ) I. A 
Published: February 2018

In this review article, the use of organic acids as feed additives is being examined in pig and poultry nutrition. The aim of this article was to evaluate the effect of organic acids and their salts on pig and poultry performance, to describe the organic acids used in animal nutrition, to discuss the route of administration and to investigate the mode of their action. The most widely used organic acids are formic, acetic, propionic, fumarie, citric, sorbic and butyric acid, and their salts as well. These organic acids are administered mainly through the feed, but they may be administered through the drinking water as well. Successful utilization of organic acids in pig and poultry nutrition requires knowledge of their mode of action. It is generally accepted that organic acids and their salts lower feed and gastric pH, increasing the activity of proteolytic enzymes and, thus, improving protein digestion. Besides, they reduce the buffering capacity of the feeds, resulting in reduced intestinal colonization with pathogens. They also improve the apparent digestibility of proteins and amino acids, increase the absorption of minerals and affect the composition of intestinal microflora and mucosal morphology. Relevant experimentations suggest that the organic acids improve growth rate and feed efficiency ratio in weaned piglets and fattening pigs. Also, the organic acids improve the performance of broiler chickens when used in relatively high doses, whereas, in laying hens, they improve the absorption of macroelements, like phosphorus and calcium. The present article suggests that after the recent ban on the use of the antibiotic growth promoting substances by the EU, the use of organic acids in pig and poultry nutrition appears to be an interesting alternative. However, the effect of organic acids on performance of pigs and poultry varies considerably and, thus, further research is needed for a better understanding of the mode of action and the efficacy of these compounds.
Canine and feline vestibular syndrome
Authors: POLIZOPOULOU (Ζ. Σ. ΠΟΛΥΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) Z. S. , DANOURDIS (Α. Μ. ΔΑΝΟΥΡΔΗΣ) A. M. , KOUTINAS (Α. Φ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ) A. F. 
Published: February 2018

Signs of vestibular dysfunction (head tilt, asymmetric ataxia, spontaneous nystagmus, unilateral falling and rolling) are characteristic enough to be easily recognized without difficulty, even by inexperienced clinicians. Further differentiation between the peripheral (inner ear, vestibular nerve) and the central (vestibular nuclei, cerebellar peduncles, fastigial nucleus and flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum) vestibular system should be based on a thorough history and an astute neurological examination. Affected animals should be reevaluated by serial neurological reexaminations to improve the accuracy of the initial assessment. Concomitant neurological signs, such as spastic hemiparesis or tetraparesis, proprioceptive déficits, other cranial nerve dysfunction and/or behavioral changes are indicative of central than peripheral vestibular syndrome. Apart from the minimum data base (complete blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis), the diagnostic evaluation should also include otoscopy, plain radiography of tympanic bullae (peripheral vestibular lesions), ear CT, brain MRI and cererebrospinal fluid analysis (central vestibular lesions). The present review first describes the clinical features of the vestibular syndrome from a differential point of view, regarding its neuroanatomical origin and secondly the most common conditions primarily characterized by vestibular dysfunction in the dog and cat.
Cryptorchidism in the Karagouniko breed of sheep and its economic consequences
Authors: LAINAS (Θ. ΛΑΪΝΑΣ) Th. , DELIGIANNIS (Κ. ΔΕΛΗΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ) K. 
Published: February 2018

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of cryptorchidism in the Karagouniko breed of sheep. The animals used were derived from the sheep flock at the Agricultural Research Station of Palamas (Karditsa), consisting of 500 breeding ewes and 15 rams of the Karagouniko breed and from two hundred and seven flocks of Karagouniko breed genetic nucleus. In addition 14.107 carcasses of Karagouniko male lambs, slaughtered at the abattoir of Karditsa and the size and weight of testicles and epididymides of 18 cryptorchidic and 7 normal lambs were examined. Finally, the economic impact of this defect was also evaluated. The results showed that cryptorchidism is a defect with a high frequency (23.81% of male lambs, P<0.001) in the Karagouniko breed and it is associated with polledness. The frequency of cryptorchidism is increased in sheep flocks where inbreeding is applied. Cryptorchidism was found to be bilateral or unilateral (20:1 respectively, P<0.001). The most common type of unilateral defect was found to be the right one (10:1, P<0.001). Bilateral was of abdominal or inguinal type(400:l,P<0.001). Testicular aplasia was found to be rare (0.02% of total examined male lambs or 0.09% of cryptorchid ones). The weight of "hidden" testicles and epididymides was lower than that of normal (-14.06% and -22.99% respectively, P<0.001). However, until the age of 4 months, there was no difference in weight between cryptorchidic and normal lambs. Males with bilateral cryptorhidism were not able to produce semen. Cryptorchidism causes a considerable decrease in sheep breeders' income (P<0.001), as it deprives them of the opportunity to sell male lambs as breeding animals at the higher than usual price. It is concluded that the high frequency of cryptorchidism in the Karagouniko sheep significantly retards the genetic improvement of the breed and decreases the farmer's income.
Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus intermedius strains isolated from 53 natural cases of canine pyoderma
Authors: SARIDOMICHELAKIS (Μ. Ν. ΣΑΡΙΔΟΜΙΧΕΛΑΚΗΣ) M. N. , KOUTINAS (Α.Φ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ) A. F. , HELIADIS (Ν. ΗΛΙΑΔΗΣ) N. , GEORGOPOULOU (Ι. ΓΕΩΡΓΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) I. , LEONTIDES (Λ. ΛΕΟΝΤΙΔΗΣ) L. 
Published: February 2018

Samples for bacterial cultures on blood agar were obtained from the skin lesions of 53 dogs demonstrating the typical clinical and cytological features of superficial (n=17) or deep (n=36) pyoderma. None of them had received any kind of antimicrobial therapy within the previous month. The Staphylococcus looking colonies were recultured on blood and Chapman agar for staphylococcal species identification and biotyping. All 53 coagulasepositive staphylococcal isolates were eventually identified as S. intermedius. The susceptibility for each of these isolates was tested against 12 different antibiotics with the disc diffusion method. Resistance rates were found to be 0% for amoxicillin/clavulanate, 11.3% for oxacillin, 7.5% for cefalexin, 5.7% for enrofloxacin, 32.1% for erythromycin, 11.3% for tylosin, 20.8% for lincomycin, 18.9% for clindamycin, 32.1% for doxycycline, 5.7% for amicacin, 7.5% for chloramphenicol and 92.5% for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. No correlation between the resistance pattern and either the age, breed, sex, and the animals' lifestyle, or the depth of skin infection, the presence or not of underlying diseases and any past treatment with antibiotics was identified.
Effects of drying-off procedure of ewes’ udder, with intramammary antibiotic administration, in subsequent mammary infection and development of mastitis
Authors: PETRIDIS (Ι.Γ. ΠΕΤΡΙΔΗΣ) I. G. , MAVROGIANNI (Β.Σ. ΜΑΥΡΟΓΙΑΝΝΗ) V. S. , GOUGOULIS (Δ.Α. ΓΟΥΓΟΥΛΗΣ) D. A. , AMIRIDIS (Γ.Σ. ΑΜΟΙΡΙΔΗΣ) G. S. , BROZOS (Χ. ΜΠΡΟΖΟΣ) C. , FTHENAKIS (Γ.Χ. ΦΘΕΝΑΚΗΣ) G. C. 
Published: February 2018

Objective of the study was to evaluate effects of the procedure followed for drying-off of ewes’ udder in subsequent mammary infection and development of mastitis, in an experiment, where intramammary antibiotic administration (procaine penicillin and neomycin) was performed into the right mammary gland of animals at end of lactation period. In ewes of group A, drying-off took place progressively during a period of 22 days; in ewes of group B, drying-off took place abruptly. Samples of teat duct material and milk for bacteriological and cytological examination were collected before start of the drying-off procedure and on two occasions after the subsequent lambing. Median time to first teat duct infection postpartum was 2 and 4.5 days (left and right, respectively) for group A and 6.5 and 3.5 days for group B (P > 0.38); median time to first mammary infection post-partum was 4.5 and 7 days (left and right, respectively) for group A and 6.5 and 3.5 days for groupB (P > 0.22). Principal bacterial isolates were coagulase-negative staphylococci. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in post-partum frequency of: teat duct infection (P > 0.17), mammary infection (P > 0.36), subclinical mastitis (P > 0.36), abnormal findings in a mammary gland (P > 0.17). No significant differences were seen between the two groups in post-partum incidence risk of the following outcomes: teat duct infection (P > 0.75), mammary infection (P > 0.42), subclinical mastitis (P > 0.39), abnormal findings in a mammary gland (P > 0.85). No significant differences were evident between the two groups in cure rate of abnormal findings in a mammary gland (P >0.89); a significant difference was evident between left and right mammary glands (P < 0.045). The results support a hypothesis that the procedure for udder drying-off (i.e., progressive or abrupt cessation of lactation) does not appear to affect the risk of subsequent mammary infection and development of mastitis, in cases of intramammary administration of antibiotics at the end of a lactation period. Intramammary administration of antibiotics improved cure rates of mammary abnormalities, independently of the procedure followed for udder drying-off.