bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transferring people safely with manual handling equipment
Authors: Allen R , Jackson S , Marsden H , McLellan D L , Gore S 
Published: July 2002

Objective: To determine whether transferring equipment designed to assist a carer when moving someone who is able to take some weight through their legs is likely to affect the risk of back problems in the carer. Design: Twelve pieces of equipment were tested by nurses transferring patients from commode to wheelchair and vice versa, and from wheelchair to bed and vice versa. Video recordings were taken of each transfer and freeze-frame pictures at the moment of greatest load were analysed. Compressive disc force was deduced, using a biomechanical model, from the weights of the patient and nurse and measurements of anatomical distances and angles. Setting: The Sir Walter Puckey Gait Laboratory, in the Rehabilitation Research Unit, University of Southampton. Subjects: Six female trained nurses with no recent history of hernia, back pain or pregnancy during the previous six months were recruited to use the equipment. Two female patients were chosen from those volunteering and screened for stroke, confusion and unusual footwear. The patients were able to partially weight-bear and were used to being transferred. Results: The results indicate that the critical value of 3.4 kN at the L5/S1 disc (specified by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) was not exceeded when using transferring equipment. Conclusion: In this study, loading on the spine during transferring tasks with or without equipment was not considered harmful when good technique was employed.
High Entropy Induced Local Charge Enhancement Promotes Frank–Van der Merwe Growth for Dendrite‐Free Potassium Metal Batteries
Authors: Chang Che‐Bin , Tseng Yen‐Yang , Lu Ying‐Rui , Yang Yi‐Chun , Tuan Hsing‐Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPotassium metal batteries (PMBs) are promising for next‐generation energy storage. However, the high reactivity of the anode causes instability in the solid electrolyte interface (SEI), resulting in Volmer‐Weber (V‐W) type deposition. To achieve uniform Frank‐van der Merwe (F‐M) type deposition, high entropy alloy nanoparticles are designed (HEA NPs) with equimolar ratios of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Ni to enhance the substrate‐K metal interface. HEA NPs enhance the K affinity of the N‐doped nanocarbon fiber substrate (N‐PCNF) and maximize ion and electron transport efficiency. The dendrite‐free horizontal growth of K metal confirmed through Operando X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy (OM). Consequently, the asymmetric cell exhibits ultra‐long cycling stability of 2350 hours at a high current density of 8 mA cm−2. The full cell composed of molten K diffusion into HEA NPs decorated N‐PCNF anode with perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride cathode (HEA‐N‐PCNF‐K||PTCDA) delivers an energy density of 331 W h kg−1 and remains stable over 2000 cycles. This study offers a promising pathway for innovative PMBs designs with broad application prospects.
Moisture‐Driven Actuators
Authors: Tang Gangqiang , Zhao Xin , Liu Shilong , Mei Dong , Zhao Chun , Li Lijie , Wang Yanjie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWater constitutes a huge circulation network in solid, liquid and gaseous forms that contains inestimable recyclable energy. Obtaining energy from gaseous moisture is challenging but of great significance to promote the energy upgrading. The emergence of moisture‐driven actuator (MDA) provides an effective way in converting moisture energy to mechanical energy. The MDA can combine with water molecules through hygroscopicity and swell to produce macroscopic deformation. Due to the wide distribution of humidity and the wireless driving mode, MDA shows great application potential in the fields of environmental monitoring, remote control and energy harvesting. This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress of MDA from aspects of hydrophilic materials, structures, preparing methods, multi‐response integration and applications, aiming at providing guidance for the design, preparation and application of MDA. Besides, the challenges faced by MDA are analyzed and corresponding solutions are proposed, which points out the next stage developing direction of MDA.
Two‐Step Targeting‐Tunable Semiconducting Nanoswitches Amplify Mitochondrion Damage and PD‐L1 Blockade for Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Li Zichao , Zhang Yijing , Li Meng , Li Jingchao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPancreatic cancer is a malignancy tumor with luxuriant extracellular matrix (ECM) and highly immunosuppressive microenvironment and its therapy remains an enormous challenge. A two‐step targeting‐tunable strategy is proposed for orthotopic pancreatic cancer therapy via designing semiconducting nanoswitches (C/SPNT/αP) to amplify the mitochondrion damage and programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) blockade. A mitochondrion‐targeting small nanoparticle (SPNT) consisting of mitochondrial targeting moiety triphenylphosphine (TPP) and semiconducting polymer is embedded with PD‐L1 antibody (αPD‐L1) into sono‐responsive collagen binding peptide (CBP)‐conjugated nanoliposomes to form C/SPNT/αP. In the first targeting step, C/SPNT/αP achieve ECM targeting to observably increase their enrichment into orthotopic pancreatic tumor sites because CBP can effectively bind to collagen in ECM. Upon ultrasound (US) irradiation, C/SPNT/αP mediate a sono‐responsive structural failure via sonodynamic effect for on‐demand releases of SPNT and αPD‐L1. In the second targeting step, SPNT target to mitochondria to induce mitochondrial damage under US irradiation for triggering amplified cell apoptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD). Moreover, the released αPD‐L1 blocks the immunosuppressive pathway to further boost immunological effect. Such a novel therapeutic regimen can almost completely eradicate orthotopic pancreatic Panc02 and KPC tumors in mouse models. This study presents the first two‐step targeting‐tunable nanomedicine for treatments of deep‐seated orthotopic tumors.
Targeting Hypoxia and Autophagy Inhibition via Delivering Sonodynamic Nanoparticles With HIF‐2α Inhibitor for Enhancing Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Yihao , Li Yajian , Li Xuwen , Yu Yuan , Zhang Lingpu , Zhang Hanchen , Chen Can , Chen Dong , Wang Mingshuai , Xing Nianzeng , Yang Feiya , Wasilijiang Wahafu , Ye Xiongjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) therapy stands as the first‐line treatment option for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, its effectiveness is hindered by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) generates tumor cell fragments that can prime the host's antitumor immunity. Nevertheless, the hypoxic microenvironment and upregulated autophagy following SDT often lead to cancer cell resistance. In response to these challenges, a hypoxia‐responsive polymer (Poly(4,4′‐azobisbenzenemethanol‐PMDA)‐mPEG5k, P‐APm) encapsulating both a HIF‐2α inhibitor (belzutifan) and the ultrasonic sensitize (Chlorin e6, Ce6) is designed, to create the nanoparticle APm/Ce6/HIF. APm/Ce6/HIF combined with ultrasound (US) significantly suppresses tumor growth and activates antitumor immunity in vivo. Moreover, this treatment effectively transforms the immunosuppressive microenvironment from “immune‐cold” to “immune‐hot”, thereby enhancing the response to ICBs therapy. The findings indicate that APm/Ce6/HIF offers a synergistic approach combining targeted therapy with immunotherapy, providing new possibilities for treating RCC.
A Novel Super‐Toughness and Self‐Healing Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Solid Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Suo Jing , Jia Yaya , Zhu Xinxin , Liu Shan , Tang Xianjian , Liang Feng , Wang Ling , Lu Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSolid sodium metal batteries (SSMBs) offer an alternative promising power source for electrochemical energy storage due to their high energy density and high safety. However, the inherent sodium dendrite growth and poor mechanical properties of electrolytes seriously limit their application. Herein, a network structure composed of polyethylene oxide‐based composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) is designed with liquid metal nanoparticles (LM) for SSMBs, in which LM can move in the solid electrolyte with the electric field driven. This effect can facilitate the inactivated sodium return to the metal sodium anode, and alloy with dendrites at the same time, which is beneficial for inhibiting the growth of dendrites. The symmetric cell with the CPE containing LM achieves good cyclic stability of more than 1800 and 800 h at 0.1 and 0.2 mA cm−2, respectively. The energy density of the pouch battery can reach 230 Wh kg−1. In sum, LM presents great potential to be employed as a performance reinforcement filler for CPEs, which paves the way for achieving high‐performance SSMBs.
Fine‐Tuning the d‐Band Center Position of Zinc to Increase the Anti‐Tumor Activity of Single‐Atom Nanozymes
Authors: Hao Lin , Liang Xing‐jie , Zhang Yawen , Zhang Zijing , Han Yu , Jin Yi , Li Luwei , Magrini Andrea , Bottini Massimo , Gao Shutao , Zhang Jinchao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe exceptional biocompatibility of Zn‐based single‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) has led to extensive research in their application for disease diagnosis and treatment. However, the fully occupied 3d10 electron configuration has seriously hampered the enzymatic‐like activity of Zn‐based SAzymes. Herein, a B‐doped Zn‐based SAzymes is fabricated by carbonizing zeolite‐like Zn‐based boron imidazolate framework at different temperatures (Zn‐SAs@BNCx, x = 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C). The formed B─N bond yielded a local electric field, which changes the position of the d‐band center and improved the oxidation state of Zn by facilitating the electron transfer from Zn to N to B. These changes enhanced the adsorption and activation of H2O2 and O2 by Zn‐SAs@BNC1000, increasing the nanozymes’ multi‐enzyme catalytic activity. B doping led to 24.81‐, 32.37‐, and 13.98‐fold increase in the peroxidase‐, oxidase‐ and catalase‐like, respectively, catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) of Zn‐SAs@BNC1000 when compared with no B doping. In addition, Zn‐SAs@BNC1000 showed excellent ability to kill tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. This study demonstrates that the modulation of the electron configuration of Zn is an effective strategy to develop efficient anti‐tumor approaches by boosting the enzymatic activity of Zn‐based SAzymes.
Marine Amoebae‐Inspired Salting Hydrogels to Reconfigure Anisotropy for Reprogrammable Shape Morphing
Authors: Gao Guorong , Yin Kaiyang , Han Junyi , Hu Yini , Gu Jincui , Wei Junjie , Chen Tao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReprogrammable shape morphing is ubiquitous in living beings and highly crucial for them to move in normal situations, even to survive under dangerous conditions. There is increasing interest in using asymmetric hydrogel structures to understand and mimic living beings’ shape morphing upon an external trigger in a controlled way. However, these asymmetric or heterogeneous configurations cannot be further modified once the polymer hydrogels are prepared. Therefore, it is a great challenge to achieve reprogrammable shape morphing using the existing hydrogels. Inspired by marine amoebae, which transform into several different morphologies according to the various external salt concentrations, a new strategy is developed for salting hydrogels to reconfigure their anisotropy toward reprogrammable shape morphing. Polyampholyte hydrogels with equal stoichiometric COO− and N+(CH3)3 groups were first swollen in HCl/NaCl solution. After being then transferred into water, they first swollen again by water uptake driven by the osmotic pressure, and then were spontaneously deswollen due to increase in internal pH and dialysis of ions leading to deprotonation of COOH to COO− and regeneration of COO−/N+(CH3)3 electrostatic attraction. This work provides a novel strategy to reconfigure anisotropy of hydrogel soft actuators and to open up an avenue for reprogrammable shape morphing.
Cobalt‐Based Ferrite Modified Carbon Nanotubes Fibers for Flexible and Disposable Microelectrode Toward Electrochemical Glucose Sensing
Authors: Ali Abid , Shoukat Rizwan , Ashraf Ahmad Raza , Rasheed Zarqa , Muqaddas Sheza , Iqbal Munawar , Khalid Munira , Mnif Wissem , Mohamed Ismail ElKamil Suliman 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGlucose detection is critical in clinical health and the food industry, particularly in the diagnosis of blood sugar levels. Carbon‐based fiber materials have recently featured prominently as non‐enzymatic electrochemical glucose detectors. Herein, cobalt‐based ferrite (CoFe2O4) in the form of nanoparticles has been successfully fabricated over the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fiber via a simple hydrothermal process. Fabricated microelectrode (CoFe2O4@CNTs) was investigated as an electrocatalyst toward the non‐enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors. The structure and morphology of the modified fiber were studied by scanning electron microscopy including energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The electrochemical capability of the microelectrode was analyzed by using different electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The proposed sensors exhibited a superb sensitivity of 0.21 µAcm−2 mM−1, a good linear range from 1 to 9 mM, and a lower detection limit of 1.7 mM. Further investigation via EIS indicated the low charge transfer resistance as compared to the bare CNTs‐based fiber. Outcomes revealed that the material can potentially prove promising for the disposable microelectrode toward electrochemical glucose sensing.
Competing narratives inhibit a circular economy for bio‐based plastic packaging: Insights from a social innovation lab study in Brazil, Canada, Poland and the UK
Authors: Li Belinda , Lazell Jordon , Beltran Macarena , Kędzia Grażyna , Lima Lais Roncalho , Soma Tammara , Cruz Sandra Andrea , Gutierrez Rafaela Francisconi , Turek Jolanta , Raźniewska Marta , Pluta‐Zaremba Aneta , Tjahjono Benny 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBusinesses are turning to bio‐based, compostable plastic packaging as a circular economy solution to global plastic pollution. However, there is a lack of proper waste management systems for collection and processing. Through an international research initiative, a social innovation lab was undertaken in Brazil, Canada, Poland and the United Kingdom to understand and address key barriers in closing the bio‐based plastic packaging loop. Based upon a qualitative data set of 100 stakeholder interviews and three phases of workshop activities in each country, a grounded model was generated to illustrate how competing views and actions are inhibiting a circular system for bio‐based plastic packaging. Key issues were the lack of end‐of‐life processing infrastructure, contamination in processing facilities and absent or ineffective regulation. A systemic approach that includes shared responsibility for infrastructure, simplified packaging design and materials and equitable regulation to reduce susceptibility to greenwashing can improve collaboration to meet circular goals.
Metabolic, cardiac, and bone health testing in patients with prostate cancer on androgen‐deprivation therapy: A population‐based assessment of adherence to therapeutic monitoring guidelines
Authors: Mousa Ahmad , Nguyen David‐Dan , Lalani Aly‐Khan , Satkunasivam Raj , Aminoltejari Khatereh , Hird Amanda , Roy Soumyajit , Morgan Scott C. , Malone Shawn , Kokorovic Andrea , Lavallée Luke T. , Huynh Melissa , Shayegan Bobby , Jiang Di Maria , Gotto Geofrey , Breau Rodney H. , Kulkarni Girish S. , Zlotta Alexandre , Wallis Christopher J. D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAndrogen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a cornerstone in treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer. ADT is associated with several adverse effects, including osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular events, leading to guidelines recommending routine testing to monitor for these toxicities. There is a lack of data assessing adherence to these recommendations.MethodsThe authors conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative data from Ontario, Canada between 2008 and 2021. They identified all older men (aged 65 years and older) who received ADT for prostate cancer using comprehensive provincial health databases. The primary outcomes were the use of testing for lipids, dysglycemia (glucose), bone health serum, and bone density between 6 weeks before and 1 year after the initiation of ADT.ResultsIn total, 29,097 patients were examined, of whom 52.8% were prescribed ADT by urologists, 37.9% were prescribed ADT by radiation oncologists, 2.8% were prescribed ADT by medical oncologists, and 2.4% were prescribed ADT by other physicians. Adherence to guidelines was low: only 21.3% of patients received a bone density scan, 41.2% underwent bone health–related serum tests, 51.3% completed a lipid profile, and 65.9% underwent dysglycemia testing within 1 year of diagnosis. Overall, only 11.9% of patients received all of the recommended investigations. Adherence to testing did not appear to improve over time (2008–2021) or with guideline publication. Patient (age) and physician (specialty) factors had important associations with adherence to testing.ConclusionsMost patients receiving ADT for prostate cancer do not receive recommended testing to monitor for treatment‐related toxicity. Further study is required to address barriers to therapeutic monitoring of men on ADT and to reduce treatment‐associated adverse events.
Performance Analysis of a Reconfigurable Fault‐Tolerant Converter for Renewable Energy–Based Standalone System
Authors: Pedapati Praneeth Kumar , Murugan Kavitha , Hema Chander Allamsetty 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a reconfigurable fault‐tolerant multiport converter for a renewable energy–based standalone system. The operation of the proposed converter for various single and multiple switch faults is discussed and verified with the help of a laboratory prototype. Experimental findings showcase the converter's ability to seamlessly connect renewable sources with a DC bus and an energy storage device, ensuring a consistent, regulated power supply despite single or multiple switch faults. Furthermore, a thorough examination of performance metrics including stress, loss, cost, sensitivity, and reliability affirms the effectiveness and resilience of the proposed approach. Comparative analysis solidifies the notion of the converter's superiority, emphasizing its fault tolerance, efficiency, and reliability when contrasted with alternative solutions.
Advances in the understanding of selective CO2 reduction catalysis
Authors: Lu Ruihu , Liu Yan , Wang Ziyun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical synthesis for value‐added chemicals and fuels via carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers an effective route to close the anthropogenic carbon cycle and store renewable energy. Currently, the copper‐based catalyst is still the only choice for generating various CO2RR species beyond two electron products. However, the wide range of CO2RR products generated on copper leads to low selectivity, and their low concentrations in electrolytes pose great costs in the downstream purification process and significantly challenge the scalability of this technology. To make this technology economically viable, enhancing product selectivity is crucial. In this review, we identify the primary CO2RR species and discuss the latest insights into the reaction mechanisms controlling CO2RR selectivity. Then, we examined factors that affect CO2RR selectivity. Emphasizing these factors in catalyst design, we highlight the importance of advanced technologies to expand our knowledge and prospects for the future of the CO2RR.
IL‐17A‐producing γδ T cells: A novel target in stroke immunotherapy
Authors: Piepke Marius , Jander Alina , Gagliani Nicola , Gelderblom Mathias 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe activation of the immune system is crucial for the fate of the ischemic brain tissue and neurological outcome in experimental stroke. Rapidly after stroke γδ (γδ17), T cells release IL‐17A in the ischemic brain and thereby amplify the early detrimental immune response. Notably, IL‐17A levels in γδ17 T cells are modulated by the intestinal microbiota which is, in turn, shaped by the diet. Importantly, besides their proinflammatory effects, meningeal γδ17 T cells have been recently implicated in regulating neuronal signaling, behavior, and cognition under homeostatic and pathological conditions at the brain–meningeal interface. Against this background, we propose that a dietary intervention represents a promising treatment option to improve poststroke outcomes by the modulation of the microbiota composition and IL‐17A levels in γδ T cells.
Advancements in metal oxide bio‐nanocomposites for sustainable food packaging: Fabrication, applications, and future prospectives
Authors: Nandhini Jayaprakash , Bellarmin Michael , Siva Prakash Senthil , Sowmya Sri Devarajan , Karthikeyan Elumalai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe research on metal oxide bio‐nanocomposites for sustainable food packaging has witnessed significant advancements, offering a promising alternative to traditional food packaging materials. This review briefly describes their fabrication techniques, applications, superiority over conventional packaging, challenges, limitations, and potential trends. These new materials are derived by incorporating metal oxide nanoparticles into the biopolymers and show better properties, such as better antimicrobial properties, which are vital in food packaging. The advantages of using metal oxide bio‐nanocomposites over typical food packaging films include enhanced mechanical properties, better moisture and oxygen resistance, bacterial resistance, and light protection. These versatile materials not only serve the purpose of properly preserving the quality and possibly even the wholesomeness of packed food products, but they are also environmentally friendly. Moreover, the review presents current developments and areas of use of metal oxide bio‐nanocomposites in food packaging and it also proposes future developments to meet the modern challenge of the food industry in the development of advanced packaging technologies.
Turning the global health and care workforce crisis into action: The pathway to effective evidence‐based policy and implementation
Authors: Correia Tiago , Kuhlmann Ellen , Lotta Gabriela , Beja André , Morais Rita , Zapata Tomas , Campbell James 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe global health and care workforce (HCWF) is facing an evolving crisis, requiring urgent and sustained action. There is a critical need for enhanced workforce planning, management, and leadership, which are currently at risk of being overshadowed by political inertia, particularly in the post‐COVID‐19 context. A comprehensive approach tailored to the specific needs of different countries is outlined here, offering actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to address the HCWF crisis effectively. Key areas for critical analysis and improvement include identifying major challenges, developing policies that effectively address the HCWF crisis, and strengthening the implementation of evidence‐based policies. These areas are detailed based on recent developments in the international debate, with the aim of providing comprehensive guidance for understanding the problems and identifying clear actions for improvement.