bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical implications of bone marrow adiposity
Authors: Veldhuis‐Vlug A. G. , Rosen C. J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMarrow adipocytes, collectively termed marrow adipose tissue (MAT), reside in the bone marrow in close contact to bone cells and haematopoietic cells. Marrow adipocytes arise from the mesenchymal stem cell and share their origin with the osteoblast. Shifts in the lineage allocation of the mesenchymal stromal cell could potentially explain the association between increased MAT and increased fracture risk in diseases such as postmenopausal osteoporosis, anorexia nervosa and diabetes. Functionally, marrow adipocytes secrete adipokines, such as adiponectin, and cytokines, such as RANK ligand and stem cell factor. These mediators can influence both bone remodelling and haematopoiesis by promoting bone resorption and haematopoietic recovery following chemotherapy. In addition, marrow adipocytes can secrete free fatty acids, acting as a energy supply for bone and haematopoietic cells. However, this induced lipolysis is also used by neoplastic cells to promote survival and proliferation. Therefore, MAT could represent a new therapeutic target for multiple diseases from osteoporosis to leukaemia, although the exact characteristics and role of the marrow adipocyte in health and diseases remain to be determined.
A New Protocol to Assess the Subjective Wellbeing of Adolescents with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Blake Grant A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSubjective well‐being refers to an individual's satisfaction or happiness with their life. The construct is often measured with the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI), which has been adapted for children of different ages, and adults with an intellectual disability (ID). However, there is no subjective well‐being measure for adolescents with an ID. This study reports on the PWI‐School Children with Intellectual Disability (PWI‐SCwID), which trialled a pretesting Likert training protocol to enable valid completion of the questionnaire. From this, it was aimed that the subjective well‐being of adolescents with ID would be compared to adults and adolescents without ID, and adults with ID. The PWI‐SCwID was administered to 42 adolescents with ID. They had a mean age of 15.86 years (SD = 1.70) and 52% were female. Participants were recruited from special education schools and dance classes for adolescents with Down syndrome. Thirty‐seven participants (88%) validly completed the PWI‐SCwID. Of the 17 participants with Down syndrome, who are most likely to have moderate to severe intellectual disability, 76% returned valid questionnaires. Comparison of the current sample with other samples of adolescents and adults without ID found no significant differences in subjective well‐being. Adults with ID from another study reported lower happiness with their standard of living than the current sample. The higher completion rate reported in this study is likely due to the implementation of training protocols that taught and assessed the participants’ ability to use a Likert‐type scale. The high completion rate of participants with Down syndrome suggest that the revised protocols enable the collection of well‐being data previously believed to be unattainable. The implication is that evaluating policy and interventions may consider the subjective well‐being of a vulnerable group who typically have limited capacity to advocate for themselves.
Clinical relevance of radiographic linear branching mineral opacities in the canine liver
Authors: Genain M.‐A. , Barbosa A. , Herrtage M. , Watson P. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence, clinical significance and breed distribution of linear branching mineralisation superimposed on the hepatic radiographic silhouette in dogs.Materials and MethodsRetrospective review of radiographs or ultrasound images of dogs showing branching mineralisation in the liver.ResultsOver the 30‐year review period, 17 cases were identified and the mineralisation had a predominantly ventral distribution. Seven of the 17 were cavalier King Charles spaniels, and four of the total 17 dogs were diagnosed with hepatobiliary system disease. Five dogs had repeat radiographs, of which four showed no change in the pattern and one developed the pattern 6 years after being diagnosed with cholangiohepatitis. Serum calcium concentrations were normal in all patients. Liver enzymes were markedly elevated only in the dog diagnosed with cholangiohepatitis. Histology performed on three patients showed no convincing evidence of primary liver disease.Clinical SignificanceBranching mineralisation in the liver parenchyma is a rare finding in dogs with little or no clinical significance and cavalier King Charles spaniels may be predisposed. Biopsy of the liver of affected dogs with no clinical or clinicopathological evidence of liver disease is unlikely to be helpful in these cases.
Late Bilinguals Share Syntax Unsparingly Between L1 and L2: Evidence From Crosslinguistically Similar and Different Constructions
Authors: Hwang Heeju , Shin Jeong‐Ah , Hartsuiker Robert J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLanguages often use different constructions to convey the same meaning. For example, the meaning of a causative construction in English (Jen had her computer fixed) is conveyed using an active structure in Korean (Jen‐NOM her computer‐ACC fixed), and yet little is known about how bilinguals represent and process such constructions. The present study investigated whether late bilinguals develop shared or language‐specific representations for crosslinguistically different (causatives) and similar (transitives) constructions. Using between‐language structural priming, Experiment 1 showed that proficient Korean‐English bilinguals exhibited a stronger priming effect for transitives than did less proficient bilinguals. Using a picture–sentence verification task, Experiment 2 showed that proficient bilinguals were more likely to apply the rules of Korean causatives to the processing of English causatives than were less proficient bilinguals. Our results suggest that Korean‐English bilinguals share syntactic representations for both similar and different constructions, indicating that the bilingual system is highly integrated.
Examining the Temporal Structure of the Perception–Production Link in Second Language Acquisition: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Nagle Charles L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMost studies on the perception–production link have assumed a synchronous relationship according to which gains in perception transfer to production rapidly and efficiently. However, time‐lagged and asymptotic relationships are also possible, where perception would guide production at a later stage or production would improve only once perception has reached a high level of accuracy. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of the perception–production link by modeling English speakers’ ability to perceive and produce second language (L2) Spanish stops over time. Mixed‐effects modeling of the d′ perception and voice onset time (VOT) production data demonstrated significant development in both areas. Time‐lagged change models indicated a change in d′ significantly related to decreasing VOT in L2 /p/ at the following testing time, but no significant relationships emerged between perception and production of L2 /b/. Multiple patterns among individuals emerged. Results are interpreted in light of contemporary models of L2 speech learning.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. Study materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository at http://www.iris-database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Mitochondrial fission promotes cell migration by Ca2+/CaMKII/ERK/FAK pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sun Xiacheng , Cao Haiyan , Zhan Lei , Yin Chun , Wang Gang , Liang Ping , Li Jibin , Wang Zhe , Liu Bingrong , Huang Qichao , Xing Jinliang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsMitochondrial dynamics of fission and fusion plays critical roles in a diverse range of important cellular functions, and its deregulation has been increasingly implicated in human diseases. Previous studies have shown that increased mitochondrial fission significantly promoted the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, how they influence the migration of tumour cells remained largely unknown.MethodsIn the present study, we further investigated the effect of mitochondrial fission on the migration and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Moreover, the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic application were explored.ResultsOur data showed that dynamin‐1‐like protein expression was strongly increased in distant metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma when compared to primary hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast, the mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin 1 showed an opposite trend. Moreover, the expression of dynamin‐1‐like protein and mitofusin 1 was significantly associated with the disease‐free survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. In addition, our data further showed that mitochondrial fission significantly promoted the reprogramming of focal‐adhesion dynamics and lamellipodia formation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells mainly by activating typical Ca2+/CaMKII/ERK/FAK pathway. Importantly, treatment with mitochondrial division inhibitor‐1 significantly decreased calcium signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and had a potential treatment effect for hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis in vivo.ConclusionsTaken together, our findings demonstrate that mitochondrial fission plays a critical role in the regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration, which provides strong evidence for this process as a drug target in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis treatment.
Supplementation during pregnancy with small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements or multiple micronutrients, compared with iron and folic acid, increases women's urinary iodine concentration in semiurban Ghana: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Adu‐Afarwuah Seth , Young Rebecca T. , Lartey Anna , Okronipa Harriet , Ashorn Per , Ashorn Ulla , Zeilani Mamane , Dewey Kathryn G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThere is little information on whether prenatal multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplements containing iodine affect women's iodine status. In the International Lipid‐based Nutrient Supplements DYAD‐Ghana trial, we aimed to assess women's urinary iodine concentration (UIC, μg/L) during pregnancy, as one of the planned secondary outcomes. Women (n = 1,320) <20 weeks of gestation were randomized to consume 60 mg iron and 400 μg folic acid per day (iron and folic acid [IFA]); 18 vitamins and minerals including 250 μg iodine per day (MMN); or 20 g/day of small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) with the same and additional 4 vitamins and minerals as the MMN (LNS). In a subsample (n = 295), we tested differences in groups' geometric mean UICs at 36 weeks of gestation controlling for baseline UIC and compared the geometric means (approximately median UICs) with the World Health Organization (WHO) cut‐offs: median UIC <150, 150–249, and ≥500 reflecting low, adequate, and excessive iodine intakes, respectively. At baseline, overall median UIC was 137. At 36 weeks of gestation, controlling for baseline UIC, geometric mean (95% confidence interval) UICs of the MMN (161 [133, 184]) and LNS (158 [132, 185]) groups did not differ; both values were significantly greater (overall p = .004) than that of the IFA group (116 [101, 135]). The median UICs of the MMN and LNS groups were within the WHO “adequate” range, whereas that of the IFA group was below the WHO adequate range. In this setting, supplementation during pregnancy with small‐quantity LNS or MMN providing iodine at the WHO‐recommended dose, compared with IFA, increases the likelihood of adequate iodine status.
Correlates of Record Linkage and Estimating Risks of Non-Linkage Biases in Business Data Sets
Authors: Moore Jamie C. , Smith Peter W. F. , Durrant Gabriele B. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryResearchers often utilize data sets that link information from multiple sources, but non-linkage biases caused by linked and non-linked subject differences are little understood, especially in business data sets. We address these knowledge gaps by studying biases in linkable 2010 UK Small Business Survey data sets. We identify correlates of business linkage propensity, and also for the first time its components: consent to linkage and register identifier appendability. As well, we take a novel approach to evaluating non-linkage bias risks, by computing data set representativeness indicators (comparable, decomposable sample subset similarity measures). We find that the main impacts on linkage propensities and bias risks are due to consenter–non-consenter differences explicable given business survey response processes, and differences between subjects with and without identifiers caused by register undercoverage of very small businesses. We then discuss consequences for the analysis of linked business data sets, and implications of the evaluation methods we introduce for linked data set producers and users.
Optimal Storage Conditions for Apheresis Research (OSCAR): a Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative study
Authors: Gniadek Thomas J. , Garritsen Henk S.P. , Stroncek David , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , McKenna David H. ,   on behalf of the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDCell therapy products are often stored and transported between sites. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of storage temperature, solution, and cell concentration on nonmobilized, peripheral blood–derived mononuclear cells (MNCs).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis was a multicenter prospective study involving healthy volunteers who underwent nonmobilized MNC collection by apheresis. Products were processed at local laboratories and concentrated to either 100 × 106 or 300 × 106 nucleated cells/mL in 5% human serum albumin (HSA) or HypoThermosol FRS (HT; BioLife Solutions). Products were stored at room temperature (RT; 20‐25°C) or refrigerated temperatures (2‐8°C) with assessment at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. NC and MNC concentration, viability, and flow cytometric analysis for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD25, and CD56 were measured.RESULTSViability decreased over time for all conditions tested. Refrigerated storage preserved viability greater than RT storage, especially for products with a higher cell concentration. RT maintenance with a high cell concentration was associated with a relative loss of CD14‐ and CD4‐positive cells, whereas the concentration of cells positive for other markers tested did not vary. Finally, there was delayed decrease in pH when using HT compared with HSA; however, there was no difference in viability between the two solutions.CONCLUSIONLow cell concentrations (approx. 100 × 106 cells/mL), refrigerated temperatures, and HT storage solution appear to be the optimal conditions for storing nonmobilized, peripheral blood–derived MNC products.
Acute polyneuromyopathy with respiratory failure secondary to monensin intoxication in a dog
Authors: Bosch Luis , Bersenas Alexa M. , Bateman Shane 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a successfully managed case of polyneuropathy and respiratory failure secondary to presumed monensin intoxication.Case SummaryA 9‐month‐old Australian Shepherd was evaluated for progressive generalized weakness and respiratory distress. Several days preceding presentation, the dog was seen playing with a monensin capsule, and had free access to a barn where the product was stored and where chewed capsules were subsequently found. The dog was presented with flaccid tetraparesis, hyperthermia, and severe respiratory distress. Bloodwork and urinalysis revealed marked increase in serum creatine kinase concentration and presumed myoglobinuria. Cardiac troponin I level was markedly increased. Management included mechanical ventilation for 5 days, fluid‐therapy, active cooling, antimicrobial therapy, analgesia, gastroprotectants, antiemetics, enteral feedings, continuous nursing care, and physiotherapy. Intravenous lipid rescue therapy was administered with lack of improvement in respiratory function and muscle strength. The patient completely recovered and was discharged after 12 days of hospitalization.New or Unique Information ProvidedMonensin intoxication should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute polyneuromyopathy and respiratory failure in dogs with access to this compound. Respiratory failure secondary to monensin intoxication does not necessarily carry a poor prognosis if mechanical ventilation can be provided as a bridge until return of respiratory function is achieved.
Delayed revascularization of islets after transplantation by IL‐6 blockade in pig to non‐human primate islet xenotransplantation model
Authors: Min Byoung‐Hoon , Shin Jun‐Seop , Kim Jong‐Min , Kang Seong‐Jun , Kim Hyun‐Je , Yoon Il‐Hee , Park Su‐Kyoung , Choi Ji‐won , Lee Min‐Suk , Park Chung‐Gyu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic islet transplantation is currently proven as a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes patients with labile glycemic control and severe hypoglycemia unawareness. Upon islet transplantation, revascularization is essential for proper functioning of the transplanted islets. As IL‐6 is important for endothelial cell survival and systemic inflammation related to xenograft, the effect of IL‐6 receptor antagonist, tocilizumab, on revascularization of the transplanted islets was examined in pig to non‐human primate islet xenotransplantation model. Also, the endothelial cell origin in a new vessel of the transplanted pig islets was determined.MethodsPig islets were isolated from designated pathogen‐free (DPF) SNU miniature pigs and transplanted via portal vein into five streptozotocin‐induced diabetic monkeys. One group (n = 2, basal group) was treated with anti‐thymoglobulin (ATG), anti‐CD40 antibody (2C10R4), sirolimus, and tacrolimus, and the other group was additionally given tocilizumab on top of basal immunosuppression (n = 3, Tocilizumab group). To confirm IL‐6 blocking effect, C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels and serum IL‐6 concentration were measured. Scheduled biopsy of the margin of the posterior segment right lobe inferior of the liver was performed at 3 weeks after transplantation to assess the degree of revascularization of the transplanted islets. Immunohistochemical staining using anti‐insulin, anti‐CD31 antibodies, and lectin IB4 was conducted to find the origin of endothelial cells in the islet graft.ResultsCRP significantly increased at 1~2 days after transplantation in Basal group, but not in Tocilizumab group, and higher serum IL‐6 concentration was measured in latter group, showing the biological potency of tocilizumab. In Basal group, well‐developed endothelial cells were observed on the peri‐ and intraislet area, whereas the number of CD31+ cells in the intraislet space was significantly reduced in Tocilizumab group. Finally, new endothelial cells in the pig islet graft were positive for CD31, but not for lectin IB4, suggesting that they are originated from the recipient monkey.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that tocilizumab can delay revascularization of the transplanted islet, although this effect had no significant correlation to the overall islet graft survival. In the pig to NHP islet xenotransplantation model, the endothelial cells from recipient monkey form new blood vessels in and around pig islets.
Crosslink between calcium and sodium signalling
Authors: Verkhratsky Alexei , Trebak Mohamed , Perocchi Fabiana , Khananshvili Daniel , Sekler Israel 
Published: December 2017

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
This paper overviews the links between Ca2+ and Na+ signalling in various types of cells.

What advances does it highlight?
This paper highlights the general importance of ionic signalling and overviews the molecular mechanisms linking Na+ and Ca2+ dynamics. In particular, the narrative focuses on the molecular physiology of plasmalemmal and mitochondrial Na+–Ca2+ exchangers and plasmalemmal transient receptor potential channels. Functional consequences of Ca2+ and Na+ signalling for co‐ordination of neuronal activity with astroglial homeostatic pathways fundamental for synaptic transmission are discussed.

AbstractTransmembrane ionic gradients, which are an indispensable feature of life, are used for generation of cytosolic ionic signals that regulate a host of cellular functions. Intracellular signalling mediated by Ca2+ and Na+ is tightly linked through several molecular pathways that generate Ca2+ and Na+ fluxes and are in turn regulated by both ions. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels bridge endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release with generation of Na+ and Ca2+ currents. The plasmalemmal Na+–Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) flickers between forward and reverse mode to co‐ordinate the influx and efflux of both ions with membrane polarization and cytosolic ion concentrations. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel (MCU) and mitochondrial Na+–Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX) mediate Ca2+ entry into and release from this organelle and couple cytosolic Ca2+ and Na+ fluctuations with cellular energetics. Cellular Ca2+ and Na+ signalling controls numerous functional responses and, in the CNS, provides for fast regulation of astroglial homeostatic cascades that are crucial for maintenance of synaptic transmission.