bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parámetros del habla en adultos normales chilenos
Authors: Toledo R. Lilian , Bahamonde D. Claudia , González J. Javiera , Martínez O. Macarena , Muñoz M. María M. , Muñoz S. Daniel 
Published: July 2017

El propósito de este estudio fue comparar el rendimiento en tareas de habla de adultos chilenos según edad y género, para obtener datos normativos destinados a la evaluación del habla en nuestra población. Se evaluó 90 sujetos entre 40-69 años, con un protocolo que incluye: Tiempo Máximo Fonatorio (TMF), movimientos orales mandibulares, labiales y linguales, diadococinesias orales, velocidad de lectura oral y velocidad del habla automática. Al comparar por género, los hombres rinden significativamente mejor que las mujeres en TMF, movimientos linguales, repetición de sílabas y palabras. La comparación por edad arroja diferencias en movimientos labiales, repetición de sílabas, palabras y velocidad de habla automática, con un rendimiento superior entre 50-59 años. Basado en estos hallazgos, este estudio revela que el rendimiento en tareas de habla presenta diferencias según la edad y género de los sujetos. Los valores obtenidos difieren a los reportados en estudios de habla inglesa.
¿Puede el CCC-2 diferenciar perfiles pragmáticos?
Authors: Mendoza Elvira , Garzón Marina 
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: El presente trabajo pretende comprobar la capacidad de diferenciación y detección de perfiles pragmáticos de la traducción española de la Children´s Communication Checklist-2 (CCC-2). Método: Se realizó el perfil normativo del instrumento en una muestra de 100 sujetos de habla española. Para determinar hasta qué punto la traducción española de la CCC-2 puede diferenciar entre niños con trastornos pragmáticos del lenguaje y niños con trastornos del lenguaje expresivo se realizó una comparación entre 10 sujetos con síndrome de Asperger y 10 sujetos con síndrome Down con un grupo Control. Resultados: La traducción española de la CCC-2 es capaz de identificar perfiles pragmáticos y de diferenciar entre perfiles normativos y clínicos como el del síndrome de Asperger y el del síndrome de Down. Además, este instrumento es capaz de obtener una imagen del perfil cuantitativo de las dificultades de comunicación de estos niños.
Onttrekkingen door aandeelhouders en de (niet benijdenswaardige) rol van het bestuur
Authors: Fluit R. 
Published: July 2017

Onttrekkingen door aandeelhouders en de (niet benijdenswaardige) rol van het bestuur
In deze bijdrage geeft de auteur een overzicht van de grenzen die de wet en jurisprudentie thans stellen aan uitkeringen bij een bv. De nadruk ligt op de rol van het bestuur en meer in het bijzonder op de reikwijdte van zijn bevoegdheid om goedkeuring aan uitkeringen te weigeren. Indien het bestuur geen ruimte ziet om op basis van art. 2:216 lid 2 BW zijn goedkeuring te weigeren, maar het bestuur overigens wel van mening is dat door de uitkering het vennootschappelijk belang onevenredig wordt geschaad, welke middelen staan het dan ten dienste om de vennootschap te beschermen tegen deze uitkering.
De nieuwste maatstaf van de Hoge Raad bij 403-aansprakelijkheid: ‘onmiskenbaar ongegrond’
Authors: van Zoest M.R.C. 
Published: July 2017

De nieuwste maatstaf van de Hoge Raad bij 403-aansprakelijkheid: ‘onmiskenbaar ongegrond’
Op 31 maart 2017 heeft de Hoge Raad beslist dat een partij die verzet doet tegen een voorgenomen beëindiging van overblijvende 403-aansprakelijkheid (art. 2:404 BW), alleen niet als schuldeiser kan worden aangemerkt als de vordering waarop het verzet is gebaseerd, ‘onmiskenbaar ongegrond’ is. De Hoge Raad voegt eraan toe dat een verzet gegrond dient te worden verklaard indien de schuldeiser als gevolg van de beëindiging van de overblijvende aansprakelijkheid in een slechtere positie zou komen te verkeren. De auteur analyseert de beschikking van de Hoge Raad en plaatst er enkele kritische kanttekeningen bij.
Violence in Selected Fiction of Oates : A Zizekian Reading
Authors: Mansouri Yalda , Parvaneh Farid 
Published: July 2017

Oates works have been analyzed in the light of violent literature all around the world; however, they are not scruntizied on account of Žižek’s outstanding ideas. Carrying out extensive research, the researcher highlights the positive outcome of Žižek’s “subjective violence”, “objective violence”, and “systemic violence” (Violence 2) in Oates’ Blonde, Black Water and Rape: A love story.This article argues that the common meaning of violence which according to Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is “actions or words are intended to hurt people” is not holistically true about the violence portrayed by Oates in her fiction. She depicts that the violence can save one’s life. The reserach presents the idea that outcome of violence can be a means of success in Oates’ stories. Oates’ optimistic view toward violence and positive effects of violence in the life oppressed characters are presented in this article. The writer of this article has made an attempt to attest positive aftermath of violence and to highlight different sorts of violence in Oates’ fiction by referring to aforementioned Žižek’s ideas on violence. Oates has unfolded “symbolic violence”, “objective violence” and “systemic violence” by illuminating violent language and terror which are held by parents, spouse or friends. Furthermore, Oates foregrounds human’s capability of adapting to new situations to create new identity to cope with difficulties.
The Acquired Capability for Lethal Self Injury: Case Studies of Plath’s The Bell Jar and Eugenides’ The Virgin Suicides
Authors: Jafari Sepideh , Jafari Simin , Kiyani Astar Roghayeh 
Published: July 2017

Interpersonal theory developed by Joiner (2005) is based on the assumption that people die by suicide because they can-acquired capability-and because they want to- desire of suicide. Desire to die arises from two specific psychological states: perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. The obtained ability of committing suicidal thoughts referred to the second segment of the approach consists of some specific factors, i.e., the person must be capable of doing some lethal activities courageously to put an end to the life; therefore, they present a fearless attitude towards death. Another factor is endurance to face self-injuries pain acquired from the long painful experiences or probably stimulating and motivating situations. In this paper, the researchers intended to present a Joinerian reading of Sylvia Plath’s only novel, the Bell Jar, and one of Jeffrey Eugenides’ prominent works, the Virgin Suicides. In fact, this qualitative study would analyze the two selected novels (i.e., the Bell Jar and the Virgin Suicides) by the use of the acquired capability for suicide to find out why one takes his/her life by his/her own hands. Based on the findings, Loneliness, social isolation, and thwarted effectiveness can be the mental states that have inflicted an acute pain on the heroines, a pain that makes them ready to die by suicides. Suicidal ideation and witnessing other’s suicidal behaviors, habituates the heroines to the concept of death and suicide.
An Ecocritical Reading of Paul Bowles's The Sheltering Sky
Authors: Sheikhzadeh Hossein , Bejarzehi Abdolghafour 
Published: July 2017

Landscapes are not simply something objective and unchallenged out there but the work of the mind made by the strata of memory. This paper attempts to show that an ecocritical reading of Paul Bowles’s The Sheltering Sky (1949) helps one in better understanding of this novel of post-colonial alienation and existential despair. Bowles is an American writer and a composer who is undoubtedly the most arresting example of cross-cultural influence concerning a Western author and the Middle East and North Africa. His fiction mostly focuses on American expatriates travelling in exotic locations. The Sheltering Sky is an encounter with the Sahara, not only the physical one but the desert of moral nihilism into which one may wander blindly. The boundless desert acts here as a metaphor and the journey symbolizes one’s own journey into the depth of his/her soul. The desert also projects an apocalyptic vision in the struggle between the West and the East and the Sahara becomes in fact a Conradian Heart of Darkness, an Eliotian Waste Land, and a Sartrean No Exit. In the novel the actual environment becomes in some ways pale and covert under the psyche of the writer. Consequently we come to know that Bowles's own knowledge and awareness of the same environments left traces in his work. Accordingly we may wrap up that the environment bears a direct impact on our understanding of it.
Student Readiness in Learning Arabic Language based on Blended Learning
Authors: Osman Norasyikin , Hamzah Mohd Isa 
Published: July 2017

Learning with technology or e-learning has been taking place in all areas of education including in learning and teaching of Arabic language. Despite the widespread use of e-learning for Arabic language, in line with the current technological advancements, the role of face-to-face classroom interactions must not be neglected. Face-to-face learning and e-learning have their own strengths. Hence, a combination of both elements in teaching and learning as afforded by blended learning may be an excellent choice. This study seeks to identify student readiness in learning Arabic language based on blended learning approach among students at university level. The research took place at University Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Malaysia involving 248 students. The students were asked to answer the distributed questionnaires. The questionnaires used 1-5 points Likert scale which are strongly not agree, not agree, not sure, agree and strongly agree. The need analysis encompassed the presence of facilities supporting blended learning, the internet and e-learning literacy among students and their readiness to adopt blended learning. The findings highlight the important roles played by both the students and the institution in providing facilities needed to support blended learning. The findings also reported that the existing facilities are in a state of readiness for the implementation of blended learning. The institution provides wireless connection throughout the campus while 96% of the students own a laptop. In addition, students are also discovered to be internet-savvy besides displaying readiness to adopt blended learning. Further studies are recommended in exploring how to design and develop successful blended learning in teaching and learning Arabic language.
13C based proteinogenic amino acid (PAA) and metabolic flux ratio analysis ofLactococcus lactisreveals changes in pentose phosphate (PP) pathway in response to agitation and temperature related stresses
Authors: Azizan Kamalrul Azlan , Ressom Habtom W. , Mendoza Eduardo R. , Baharum Syarul Nataqain 
Published: July 2017

Lactococcus lactissubsp.cremorisMG1363 is an important starter culture for dairy fermentation. During industrial fermentations,L. lactisis constantly exposed to stresses that affect the growth and performance of the bacterium. Although the response ofL. lactisto several stresses has been described, the adaptation mechanisms at the level ofin vivofluxes have seldom been described. To gain insights into cellular metabolism,13C metabolic flux analysis and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to measure the flux ratios of active pathways in the central metabolism ofL. lactiswhen subjected to three conditions varying in temperature (30°C, 37°C) and agitation (with and without agitation at 150 rpm). Collectively, the concentrations of proteinogenic amino acids (PAAs) and free fatty acids (FAAs) were compared, and Pearson correlation analysis (r) was calculated to measure the pairwise relationship between PAAs. Branched chain and aromatic amino acids, threonine, serine, lysine and histidine were correlated strongly, suggesting changes in flux regulation in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, malic enzyme and anaplerotic reaction catalysed by pyruvate carboxylase (pycA). Flux ratio analysis revealed that glucose was mainly converted by glycolysis, highlighting the stability ofL. lactis’central carbon metabolism despite different conditions. Higher flux ratios through oxaloacetate (OAA) from pyruvate (PYR) reaction in all conditions suggested the activation of pyruvate carboxylate (pycA) inL. lactis, in response to acid stress during exponential phase. Subsequently, more significant flux ratio differences were seen through the oxidative and non-oxidative pentose phosphate (PP) pathways, malic enzyme, and serine and C1 metabolism, suggesting NADPH requirements in response to environmental stimuli. These reactions could play an important role in optimization strategies for metabolic engineering inL. lactis. Overall, the integration of systematic analysis of amino acids and flux ratio analysis provides a systems-level understanding of howL. lactisregulates central metabolism under various conditions.
Predicting suitable habitat of the Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii) using ecological niche modeling in the Qionglai Mountains, China
Authors: Wang Bin , Xu Yu , Ran Jianghong 
Published: July 2017

Understanding the distribution and the extent of suitable habitats is crucial for wildlife conservation and management. Knowledge is limited regarding the natural habitats of the Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii), which is a vulnerable Galliform species endemic to the high-montane areas of southwest China and a good candidate for being an umbrella species in the Qionglai Mountains. Using ecological niche modeling, we predicted current potential suitable habitats for the Chinese monal in the Qionglai Mountains with 64 presence points collected between 2005 and 2015. Suitable habitats of the Chinese monal were associated with about 31 mm precipitation of the driest quarter, about 15 °C of maximum temperature of the warmest month, and far from the nearest human residential locations (>5,000 m). The predicted suitable habitats of the Chinese monal covered an area of 2,490 km2, approximately 9.48% of the Qionglai Mountains, and was highly fragmented. 54.78% of the suitable habitats were under the protection of existing nature reserves and two conservation gaps were found. Based on these results, we provide four suggestions for the conservation management of the Chinese monal: (1) ad hoc surveys targeting potential suitable habitats to determine species occurrence, (2) more ecological studies regarding its dispersal capacity, (3) establishment of more corridors and green bridges across roads for facilitating species movement or dispersal, and (4) minimization of local disturbances.
Air‐sea interaction regimes in the sub‐Antarctic Southern Ocean and Antarctic marginal ice zone revealed by icebreaker measurements
Authors: Yu Lisan , Jin Xiangze , Schulz Eric W. , Josey Simon A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study analyzed shipboard air‐sea measurements acquired by the icebreaker Aurora Australis during its off‐winter operation in December 2010 to May 2012. Mean conditions over 7 months (October–April) were compiled from a total of 22 ship tracks. The icebreaker traversed the water between Hobart, Tasmania, and the Antarctic continent, providing valuable in situ insight into two dynamically important, yet poorly sampled, regimes: the sub‐Antarctic Southern Ocean and the Antarctic marginal ice zone (MIZ) in the Indian Ocean sector. The transition from the open water to the ice‐covered surface creates sharp changes in albedo, surface roughness, and air temperature, leading to consequential effects on air‐sea variables and fluxes. Major effort was made to estimate the air‐sea fluxes in the MIZ using the bulk flux algorithms that are tuned specifically for the sea‐ice effects, while computing the fluxes over the sub‐Antarctic section using the COARE3.0 algorithm. The study evidenced strong sea‐ice modulations on winds, with the southerly airflow showing deceleration (convergence) in the MIZ and acceleration (divergence) when moving away from the MIZ. Marked seasonal variations in heat exchanges between the atmosphere and the ice margin were noted. The monotonic increase in turbulent latent and sensible heat fluxes after summer turned the MIZ quickly into a heat loss regime, while at the same time the sub‐Antarctic surface water continued to receive heat from the atmosphere. The drastic increase in turbulent heat loss in the MIZ contrasted sharply to the nonsignificant and seasonally invariant turbulent heat loss over the sub‐Antarctic open water.
Effects of a shallow flood shoal and friction on hydrodynamics of a multiple‐inlet system
Authors: Orescanin Mara M. , Elgar Steve , Raubenheimer Britt , Gorrell Levi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPrior studies have shown that frictional changes owing to evolving geometry of an inlet in a multiple inlet‐bay system can affect tidally driven circulation. Here, a step between a relatively deep inlet and a shallow bay also is shown to affect tidal sea‐level fluctuations in a bay connected to multiple inlets. To examine the relative importance of friction and a step, a lumped element (parameter) model is used that includes tidal reflection from the step. The model is applied to the two‐inlet system of Katama Inlet (which connects Katama Bay on Martha's Vineyard, MA to the Atlantic Ocean) and Edgartown Channel (which connects the bay to Vineyard Sound). Consistent with observations and previous numerical simulations, the lumped element model suggests that the presence of a shallow flood shoal limits the influence of an inlet. In addition, the model suggests an increasing importance of friction relative to the importance of the step as an inlet shallows, narrows, and lengthens, as observed at Katama Inlet from 2011 to 2014.
Structure of the buoyant plume formed by Ob and Yenisei river discharge in the southern part of the Kara Sea during summer and autumn
Authors: Osadchiev A. A. , Izhitskiy A. S. , Zavialov P. O. , Kremenetskiy V. V. , Polukhin A. A. , Pelevin V. V. , Toktamysova Z. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article focuses on the interaction between the Ob‐ and Yenisei‐dominated parts of the large Ob‐Yenisei buoyant plume formed in the southern part of the Kara Sea during ice‐free periods. It was shown that certain wind forcing and river discharge conditions cause the formation of a specific structure of the Ob‐Yenisei plume with significantly different properties of the Ob‐ and Yenisei‐dominated water masses. Under these conditions, the Yenisei runoff generates a narrow coastal current propagating northward from the Yenisei Gulf along the Taymyr Peninsula, which is isolated by the Ob‐dominated water mass from ambient sea water. As a result, the low‐salinity Yenisei‐dominated water mass occupies a relatively small area, while more saline Ob‐dominated water mass spreads over a wide area between the Gulf of Ob and the Taymyr Peninsula. The formation of the “isolation” configuration of the Ob‐Yenisei plume described above is presumed to be caused by the eastward Ekman transport and the resulting downwelling flow of the Ob‐dominated waters under the low‐saline and warm Yenisei‐dominated waters along the Taymyr Peninsula. Based on satellite imagery, wind reanalysis, and river discharge data collected and derived for the period of 2005–2011, it was estimated that the “isolation” configuration is regularly formed during late summer and autumn when the Ob discharge to the Kara Sea exceeds the Yenisei discharge and the local atmospheric circulation is dominated by the northerly wind regime. Assessment of the frequency and duration of the occurrence of the “isolation” configuration showed their synoptic time scale and significant interannual variability.
Bayesian spectral likelihood for hydrological parameter inference
Authors: Schaefli Bettina , Kavetski Dmitri 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes a spectral domain likelihood function for the Bayesian estimation of hydrological model parameters from a time series of model residuals. The spectral domain error model is based on the power‐density spectrum (PDS) of the stochastic process assumed to describe residual errors. The Bayesian spectral domain likelihood (BSL) is mathematically equivalent to the corresponding Bayesian time domain likelihood (BTL) and yields the same inference when all residual error assumptions are satisfied (and all residual error parameters are inferred). However, the BSL likelihood function does not depend on the residual error distribution in the original time domain, which offers a theoretical advantage in terms of robustness for hydrological parameter inference. The theoretical properties of BSL are demonstrated and compared to BTL and a previously proposed spectral likelihood by Montanari and Toth (2007), using a set of synthetic case studies and a real case study based on the Leaf River catchment in the U.S. The empirical analyses confirm the theoretical properties of BSL when applied to heteroscedastic and autocorrelated error models (where heteroscedasticity is represented using the log‐transformation and autocorrelation is represented using an AR(1) process). Unlike MTL, the use of BSL did not introduce additional parametric uncertainty compared to BTL. Future work will explore the application of BSL to challenging modeling scenarios in arid catchments and “indirect” calibration with nonconcomitant input/output time series.
The costs of delay in infrastructure investments: A comparison of 2001 and 2014 household water supply coping costs in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Gurung Yogendra , Zhao Jane , Kumar KC Bal , Wu Xun , Suwal Bhim , Whittington Dale 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn 2001, we conducted a survey of 1500 randomly sampled households in Kathmandu to determine the costs people were incurring to cope with Kathmandu's poor quality, unreliable piped water supply system. From 2001 until 2014, there was little additional public investment in the municipal water supply system. In the summer of 2014, we attempted to reinterview all 1500 households in our 2001 sample to determine how they had managed to deal with the growing water shortage and the deteriorating condition of the piped water infrastructure in Kathmandu and to compare their coping costs in 2014 with those we first estimated in 2001. Average household coping costs more than doubled in real terms over the period from 2001 to 2014, from US$5 to US$12 per month (measured in 2014 prices). The composition of household coping costs changed from 2001 to 2014, as households responded to the deteriorating condition of the piped water infrastructure by drilling more private wells, purchasing water from both tanker truck and bottled water vendors, and installing more storage tanks. These investments and expenditures resulted in a decline in the time households spend collecting water from outside the home. Our analysis suggests that the significant increase in coping costs between 2001 and 2014 may provide an opportunity for the municipal water utility to substantially increase water tariffs if the quantity and quality of piped services can be improved. However, the capital investments made by some households in private wells, pumping and treatment systems, and storage tanks in response to the delay in infrastructure investment may lock them into current patterns of water use, at least in the short run, and thus make it difficult to predict how they would respond to tariff increases for improved piped water services.