bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does urban tourism attractiveness affect young adult migration in Germany?
Authors: Schäfer Philipp , Just Tobias 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether urban tourism attractiveness affects young adult migration within Germany. Currently, factors like urban attractiveness, environmental qualities or vicinity to amenities play a more important role for the migration of young adults than in the past. This has highly asymmetric implications for the housing (and commercial real estate) markets in cities with an abundance of urban attractiveness, compared to cities without such attractions.

Design/methodology/approach
This analysis focuses on the internal migration of young adults (18-30-year-olds). First, some stylized facts regarding migration patterns are presented by means of descriptive and cluster analyses (k-means methodology) with respect to the net immigration rate for the two years, 2004 and 2014. Second, ordinary least squares-regression analyses are used to estimate the connection between urban tourism attractiveness and migration.

Findings
Young adults in Germany predominantly migrate to cities. The authors find typical migration patterns, and the regression results indicate that young adult migration is highly correlated with the indicator measuring urban tourism attractiveness. This means that urban attractions matter for young adults. Finally, the authors also find that housing rents are correlated with urban tourism attractiveness.

Practical implications
Good city planning must not only be concerned with new industrial sites, but also about esthetic neighborhoods and, for example, attractive squares. Moreover, because city structures and urban amenities are both path dependent and expensive to change, it is likely that the winning cities of today will remain winners in the next decade, which is good news for risk-averse investors.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the paper provides the first empirical analysis of the connection between urban tourism attractiveness and the migration of young adults, in the context of German cities.
Green pay off in commercial real estate in Germany: assessing the role of Super Trophy status
Authors: Ott Christian , Hahn Jonas 
Published: December 2017

PurposeBased on a hedonic regression approach, the purpose of this paper is to relativize existing green pay off evidence by incorporating Super Trophy as a so far underrepresented determinant. The authors analyze a private panel database of 160 European office properties and confirm a significant green pay off; the positive impact of excellent environmental certification results on market values and net rents is significantly reduced when considering Super Trophy characteristics.Design/methodology/approachBased on a panel database of 160 European office properties, the survey applies a hedonic regression approach including an extensive set of control factors as, for example, location criteria, general property characteristics, climate adjustments, consumption data, refurbishment activities, green leases, sustainable certification and energy performance certificate figures.FindingsEven though our database still confirms a significant green pay off, the positive impact of excellent environmental certification results on market values and net rents is significantly reduced when controlling for Super Trophy characteristics.Practical implicationsEspecially, the question how sustainability can be integrated into real estate appraisal is of major interest. The paper at hand may help in two aspects: on the one hand, it provides further insight with regard to the quantitative impact of Super Trophy Buildings on rents and market values. On the other hand, a higher transparency in appraisals may result in structural specifications that help to consolidate appraisals and empirical evidence on a “green pay off.”Originality/valueThe study investigates a niche segment – landmark properties. The empirical analysis explicitly controls for potential Super Trophy status. It draws attention to the importance of a reasonable and complete set of control variables to increase statistical validity of future studies in that field.
How flood risk impacts residential rents and property prices
Authors: Hirsch Jens , Hahn Jonas 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to quantify the impact of 100-year flood risk on both property rents and values in Germany, exemplified by the market of the historic city of Regensburg, and therefore supports investors in understanding market behavior patterns in both rental and investment context.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors construct two generalized additive models for rents and purchasing prices with spatial components and under inclusion of both typical property characteristics (as control variables) and a 100-year flood risk parameter in order to estimate its effect on the rents and property price structure. The authors apply the methodology to a four-year data set of more than 16,500 observations.

Findings
The analysis shows that flood risk is a highly significant parameter when estimating both the rent as well as the sales price model. The authors also find that purchase prices for one square meter of living area are, on average, EUR299 lower if the property is located in the flood risk zone. In addition, also rental markets come with a respective, but rather low, discount.

Practical implications
The authors provide transparency to investors in terms of the impact that a flood risk location has on property rents as well as purchasing prices. The study supports investors by providing evidence on reaction patterns in German real estate markets and helps quantifying the financial impact that comes with flood risk in Germany.

Originality/value
This is the first study that aims to empirically test and to quantify the impact of flood risk on property rents and purchasing prices in Germany. Related research has been performed for the USA, Ireland and New Zealand and largely refers to event-driven work or rather conceptual in the context of property valuation.
Thermodynamic analysis of hybrid nanofluid based solar flat plate collector
Authors: J.A. Ranga Babu , K. Kiran Kumar , S. Srinivasa Rao 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present an analytical investigation of energy and exergy performance on a solar flat plate collector (SFPC) with Cu-CuO/water hybrid nanofluid, Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids as collector running fluids.

Design/methodology/approach
Heat transfer characteristics, pressure drop and energy and exergy efficiencies of SFPC working on these nanofluids are investigated and compared. In this study, a comparison is made by varying the mass flow rates and nanoparticle volume concentration. Thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids are estimated using distinctive correlations available in the open literature. Then, the influence of these properties on energy and exergy efficiencies of SFPC is discussed in detail.

Findings
Energy analysis reveals that by introducing the hybrid nanoparticles in water, the thermal conductivity of the working fluid is enhanced by 17.52 per cent and that of the individual constituents is enhanced by 15.72 and 15.35 per cent for Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively. This resulted in 2.16 per cent improvement in useful heat gain for hybrid nanofluid and 1.03 and 0.91 per cent improvement in heat gain for Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively. In line with the above, the collector efficiency increased by 2.175 per cent for the hybrid nanofluid and 0.93 and 1.05 per cent enhancement for Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively. Exergy analysis elucidates that by using the hybrid nanofluid, exergy efficiency is increased by 2.59 per cent, whereas it is 2.32 and 2.18 per cent enhancement for Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively. Entropy generation is reduced by 3.31, 2.35 and 2.96 per cent for Cu-CuO/water, Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively, as compared to water.

Research limitations/implications
However, this is associated with a penalty of increment in pressure drop of 2.92, 3.09 and 2.74 per cent for Cu-CuO/water, Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively, compared with water.

Originality/value
It is clear from the analysis that Cu-CuO/water hybrid nanofluids possess notable increment in both energy and exergy efficiencies to use them in SFPCs.
Fly ash-based green composite as pipe, gear and blade
Authors: MP Jenarthanan , Kumar S. Ramesh , Kumar Singh Akhilendra 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to perform an experimental investigation on the impact strength, compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of fly ash-based green composites and to compare with these polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE).

Design/methodology/approach
Fly ash-based polymer matrix composites (FA-PMCs) were fabricated using hand layup method. Composites containing 100 g by weight fly ash particles, 100 g by weight brick dust particles and 50 g by weight chopped glass fiber particles were processed. Impact strength, compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of composites have been measured and compared with PVC, HDPE and LDPE. Impact strength of the FA-PMC is higher than that of PVC, HDPE and LDPE. Structural analysis of pipes, gears and axial flow blade was verified using ANSYS. Barlou’s condition for pipes, Lewis–Buckingham approach for gears and case-based analysis for axial flow blades were carried out and verified.

Findings
Pipes, gears and axial flow blades made form fly ash-based composites were found to exhibit improved thermal resistance (i.e. better temperature independence for mechanical operations), higher impact strength and longer life compared to those made from PVC, HDPE and LDPE. Moreover, the eco-friendly nature of the raw materials used for fabricating the composite brings into its quiver a new dimension of appeal.

Originality/value
Experimental investigation on the impact strength, compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of fly ash-based green composites has not been attempted yet.
Dynamic occupancy modelling reveals a hierarchy of competition among fishers, grey foxes and ringtails
Authors: Green David S. , Matthews Sean M. , Swiers Robert C. , Callas Richard L. , Scott Yaeger J. , Farber Stuart L. , Schwartz Michael K. , Powell Roger A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Determining how species coexist is critical for understanding functional diversity, niche partitioning and interspecific interactions. Identifying the direct and indirect interactions among sympatric carnivores that enable their coexistence is particularly important to elucidate because they are integral for maintaining ecosystem function.

We studied the effects of removing nine fishers (Pekania pennanti) on their population dynamics and used this perturbation to elucidate the interspecific interactions among fishers, grey foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and ringtails (Bassariscus astutus). Grey foxes (family: Canidae) are likely to compete with fishers due to their similar body sizes and dietary overlap, and ringtails (family: Procyonidae), like fishers, are semi‐arboreal species of conservation concern. We used spatial capture–recapture to investigate fisher population numbers and dynamic occupancy models that incorporated interspecific interactions to investigate the effects members of these species had on the colonization and persistence of each other's site occupancy.

The fisher population showed no change in density for up to 3 years following the removals of fishers for translocations. In contrast, fisher site occupancy decreased in the years immediately following the translocations. During this same time period, site occupancy by grey foxes increased and remained elevated through the end of the study.

We found a complicated hierarchy among fishers, foxes and ringtails. Fishers affected grey fox site persistence negatively but had a positive effect on their colonization. Foxes had a positive effect on ringtail site colonization. Thus, fishers were the dominant small carnivore where present and negatively affected foxes directly and ringtails indirectly.

Coexistence among the small carnivores we studied appears to reflect dynamic spatial partitioning. Conservation and management efforts should investigate how intraguild interactions may influence the recolonization of carnivores to previously occupied landscapes.
More invaders do not result in heavier impacts: The effects of non‐native bullfrogs on native anurans are mitigated by high densities of non‐native crayfish
Authors: Liu Xuan , Wang Supen , Ke Zunwei , Cheng Chaoyuan , Wang Yihua , Zhang Fang , Xu Feng , Li Xianping , Gao Xu , Jin Changnan , Zhu Wei , Yan Shaofei , Li Yiming 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

With accelerating species introductions in an era of globalization, co‐occurring alien species have become increasingly common. Understanding the combined ecological impacts of multiple invaders is not only crucial for wildlife managers attempting to ameliorate biodiversity loss, but also provides key insights into invasion success and species coexistence mechanisms in natural ecosystems. Compared with much attentions given to single‐invader impacts, little is known about the impacts of multiple co‐occurring invaders.

The American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus = Rana catesbeiana) and the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) are two aquatic invasive species in many different areas of the globe. They coexist with native anurans in a variety of permanent lentic waters, which provide an ideal model system to explore the combined effects of multiple invaders from different trophic levels on native species.

Based on a global diet analysis covering 34 native and invasive bullfrog populations, and data from 10‐year field surveys across 157 water bodies in the Zhoushan Archipelago, China, we observed a reduced impact of bullfrogs on native anurans at high crayfish densities when the two invaders co‐occurred.

The global diet analysis showed that crayfish occurrence reduced the number of native anuran prey consumed by bullfrogs in both native and invasive populations. After accounting for pseudoreplication of different observations among water bodies, islands, and survey time, model averaging analyses based on GLMMs showed a negative relationship between bullfrog density and native anuran densities for field observations of invasive bullfrogs alone and co‐invaded observations with low crayfish density. However, this negative relationship disappeared when the two invaders co‐occurred with high crayfish density. Structural equation modelling (SEM) analyses further validated that the impacts of bullfrogs on native frogs were mitigated by the negative interactions between crayfish and bullfrogs.

Our results provide novel evidence of a density‐dependent antagonistic effect of two sympatric invaders from different trophic levels on native species. This study highlights the importance of considering complex interactions among co‐invaders and native species when prioritizing conservation and management actions and will facilitate the development of a more precise framework to predict invasion impacts.
Primary rainforest amount at the landscape scale mitigates bird biodiversity loss and biotic homogenization
Authors: Kormann Urs G. , Hadley Adam S. , Tscharntke Teja , Betts Matthew G. , Robinson W. Douglas , Scherber Christoph 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Tropical conservation strategies traditionally focus on large tracts of pristine forests but, given rapid primary forest decline, understanding the role of secondary forest remnants for biodiversity maintenance is critical. Until now, the interactive effects of changes in forest amount, configuration and disturbance history (secondary vs. primary forest) on the conservation value of tropical landscapes have remained unknown, hampering the incorporation of these global change drivers into local and global conservation planning.

We disentangled effects of landscape‐wide forest amount, fragment size and forest age (old growth vs. secondary forest) on abundance, α‐diversity, β‐diversity (biotic homogenization) and community shifts of bird communities in human‐dominated landscapes of southern Costa Rica. Utilizing two complementary methods, yielding 6,900 individual detections and 223 species, we characterized bird communities in 49 forest fragments representing independent gradients in fragment size (<5 ha vs. >30 ha) and forest amount (5%–80%) in the surrounding landscape (within 1000 m).

Abundance and α‐diversity of forest specialists and insectivores declined by half in small fragments, but only in landscapes with little old‐growth forest. Conversely, secondary forest at the landscape scale showed no such compensation effect. Similarly, a null‐model approach indicated significant biotic homogenization in small vs. large fragments, but only in landscapes with little old‐growth forest, suggesting forest amount and configuration interactively affect β‐diversity in tropical human‐dominated landscapes. Finally, dramatic abundance‐based community shifts relative to intact forests are largely a result of landscape‐scale loss of old growth rather than changes in overall forest cover.

Policy implications. Our study provides strong evidence that retaining old growth within tropical human‐modified landscapes can simultaneously curb erosion of avian forest specialist α‐diversity, mitigate collapse of β‐diversity (biotic homogenization) and dampen detrimental avian community shifts. However, secondary forests play, at best, a subordinate role to mitigate these processes. To maintain tropical forest biodiversity, retaining old‐growth forest within landscapes should be first priority, highlighting a land‐sparing approach.
Admixture increases performance of an invasive plant beyond first‐generation heterosis
Authors: Li Yan , Stift Marc , van Kleunen Mark 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Through its potential to enhance progeny performance, admixture (between‐population crossing) may promote invasiveness of alien plants. The few studies that tested this idea found evidence for heterosis (positive effects of admixture) in the first generation (F1), but have not considered further generations. In this paper, we test whether admixture benefits can be maintained in subsequent generations of an invasive plant.

We follow up on a previous study, in which we made crosses between plants of Mimulus guttatus from native‐ (western North America) and invaded‐range populations (New Zealand and Scotland), and showed that admixture increases F1 performance. Here, we performed further crosses to create non‐admixed progeny, F1 progeny resulting from within‐ and between‐range admixture, and subsequent F2 progeny both through outcrossing and through self‐fertilization. As heterosis, out‐ and inbreeding depression may depend on the environment, we assessed progeny performance under benign (well‐watered) and drought‐stress conditions in a greenhouse experiment.

We found that non‐admixed progeny of M. guttatus were outperformed by admixed progeny (averaged across F1 and F2), particularly by progeny from between‐range admixture. However, the benefit of admixture was stronger in F1 than in F2 progeny, especially when the F2 was produced by self‐fertilization. The benefit of admixture also depended on the range of origin and the test environment.

Synthesis. Our findings indicate that increased performance of admixed F1 progeny is partly maintained in the F2 progeny. Admixture might thus significantly boost performance of an invasive plant across multiple generations.
Functional trait differences and trait plasticity mediate biotic resistance to potential plant invaders
Authors: Conti Luisa , Block Svenja , Parepa Madalin , Münkemüller Tamara , Thuiller Wilfried , Acosta Alicia T. R. , van Kleunen Mark , Dullinger Stefan , Essl Franz , Dullinger Iwona , Moser Dietmar , Klonner Günther , Bossdorf Oliver , Carboni Marta 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Biotic resistance represents an important natural barrier to potential invaders throughout the world, yet the underlying mechanisms that drive such resistance are still debated. In theory, native communities should repel both functionally similar invaders which compete for the same resources, and invaders which possess less competitive traits. However, environmental stress, trade‐offs across vital rates and competition‐induced plastic trait shifts may modify expected competitive outcomes, thereby influencing invasion dynamics.

In order to test these theoretical links between trait distributions and biotic resistance, we performed a mesocosm experiment with 25 non‐native ornamental species invading native plant communities. Each non‐native species was grown with and without the native community under two watering treatments (regular and reduced). We measured biotic resistance as the difference in performance of non‐native individuals grown with and without the community in terms of their survival, growth and reproduction. We quantified overall functional dissimilarity between non‐native ornamental individuals and native communities based on the combination of plant height, specific leaf area and seed mass. Then, assuming each of these traits is also potentially linked to competitive ability, we measured the position of non‐natives on trait hierarchies. While height is positively correlated with competitive ability for light interception, conservative leaf and seed characteristics provide greater tolerance to competition for other resources. Finally, we quantified plastic trait shifts of non‐native individuals induced by competition.

Indeed, the native community repelled functionally similar individuals by lowering the invader's survival rate. Simultaneously, shorter ornamental individuals with larger specific leaf areas were less tolerant to biotic resistance from the community across vital rates, although the effect of trait hierarchies often depended on watering conditions. Finally, non‐natives responded to competition by shifting their traits. Most importantly, individuals with more competitive traits were able to overcome biotic resistance also through competition‐induced plastic trait shifts.

Synthesis. Our results highlight that both functional dissimilarity and trait hierarchies mediate biotic resistance to ornamental plant invaders. Nevertheless, environmental stress as well as opposing trends across vital rates are also influential. Furthermore, plastic trait shifts can reinforce potential invaders’ competitive superiority, determining a positive feedback.
Clinical acceptability of the sense_assess© kids: Children and youth perspectives
Authors: Taylor Susan , McLean Belinda , Blair Eve , Carey Leeanne Mary , Valentine Jane , Girdler Sonya , Elliott Catherine 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThe sense_assess© kids is a standardised, norm‐referenced assessment designed to measure the functional somatosensation capacity of the upper limb of children with cerebral palsy. The objective of the current study was to determine if the sense_assess© kids was clinically acceptable to children and youth.MethodsA questionnaire was completed by participants following administration of the sense_assess© kids by a trained occupational therapist. Twenty‐six children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (aged 6–15 years six months; mean 10 years eight months; 16 boys) were recruited. Participants responded to questions regarding the administration and level of difficulty of the sense_assess© kids using a Q‐Sort of ‘like’ and ‘dislike’, Likert scales and short answers. Content analysis was applied.ResultsTwenty‐one of twenty‐six children, indicated that they were ‘very happy’ or ‘happy’ with the administration process of the sense_assess© kids. Most participants indicated that they liked the sensation they felt in the hand when tested.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated the acceptability of sense_assess© kids for the population for whom it is intended.