bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation therapy (with or without neck surgery) for phenotypic human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Garden Adam S. , Fuller Clifton D. , Rosenthal David I. , William William N. , Gunn Gary B. , Beadle Beth M. , Johnson Faye M. , Morrison William H. , Phan Jack , Frank Steven J. , Kies Merrill S. , Sturgis Erich M. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDFavorable outcomes for human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal cancer have led to interest in identifying a subgroup of patients with the lowest risk of disease recurrence after therapy. De‐intensification of therapy for this group may result in survival outcomes that are similar to those associated with current therapy but with less toxicity. To advance this effort, this study analyzed the outcomes of oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with or without systemic therapy.METHODSThis was a retrospective study of patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated between 1985 and 2012. The criteria for inclusion were ≤10 pack‐years of cigarette smoking and stage III/IVA cancer limited to T1‐3, N1‐N2b, and T3N0 disease. A survival analysis was performed with the primary endpoint of progression‐free survival (PFS).RESULTSThe cohort included 857 patients. Systemic therapy was given to 439 patients (51%). The median survival was 80 months. The 2‐year PFS rate was 91%. When the analysis was limited to 324 patients irradiated without systemic therapy, the 2‐ and 5‐year PFS rates were 90% and 85%, respectively. Furthermore, for these 324 patients, the 5‐year PFS rates for T1, T2, and T3 disease were 90%, 83%, and 70%, respectively. The 5‐year PFS rate for patients treated with systemic therapy for T3 disease was 77% (P = .07).CONCLUSIONSAccording to the low‐risk definition currently established in cooperative trials, the patients had a 2‐year PFS rate approximating 90%. When patients who were treated with radiation alone were evaluated, no compromise was observed in this high rate of PFS, which is higher than the 2‐year PFS thresholds used in current cooperative trials. Cancer 2016;122:1702‐7. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term follow‐up of patients with acute myeloid leukemia surviving and free of disease recurrence for at least 2 years after autologous stem cell transplantation: A report from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Czerw Tomasz , Labopin Myriam , Gorin Norbert‐Claude , Giebel Sebastian , Blaise Didier , Meloni Giovanna , Pigneux Arnaud , Bosi Alberto , Veelken Joan , Ferrara Felicetto , Schaap Nicolaas , Lemoli Roberto M. , Cornelissen Jan J. , Beohou Eric , Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDLeukemia recurrence is a major cause of treatment failure after autologous stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It usually occurs within the first 2 years after transplantation. The goal of the current retrospective study was to assess the follow‐up of and characterize risk factors for outcome among patients who survived free of disease recurrence after this period.METHODSThe analysis included 3567 adults (median age, 45 years) with AML who underwent autografting during the first (86% of patients) or second (14% of patients) complete remission between 1990 and 2008. The stem cell source was the bone marrow in 32% of patients or the peripheral blood in 68% of patients. The median follow‐up was 6.9 years.RESULTSAt 5 years and 10 years after transplantation, the probability of leukemia‐free survival was 86% and 76%, respectively; the recurrence incidence was 11% and 16%, respectively; and the nonrecurrence mortality rate was 3% and 8%, respectively. The observed survival was decreased compared with the expected survival of the general European population. In a multivariate analysis, decreased probability of leukemia‐free survival was demonstrated for patients who underwent peripheral blood autologous stem cell transplantation; had French‐American‐British subtypes M0, M6, or M7; and were of an older age. The same factors were found to be associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence. Nonrecurrence mortality was found to be affected by older age.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current analysis indicate that late recurrences remain a major concern after autologous stem cell transplantation among patients with AML, indicating the need for close monitoring of minimal residual disease and additional leukemic control measures after transplantation.Cancer2016;122:1880–7. ©2016 American Cancer Society.
Hydrologic exchanges and baldcypress water use on deltaic hummocks, Louisiana, USA
Authors: Hsueh Yu‐Hsin , Chambers Jim L. , Krauss Ken W. , Allen Scott T. , Keim Richard F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCoastal forested hummocks support clusters of trees in the saltwater–freshwater transition zone. To examine how hummocks support trees in mesohaline sites that are beyond physiological limits of the trees, we used salinity and stable isotopes (2H and 18O) of water as tracers to understand water fluxes in hummocks and uptake by baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.), which is the most abundant tree species in coastal freshwater forests of the southeastern U.S. Hummocks were always partially submerged and were completely submerged 1 to 8% of the time during the two studied growing seasons, in association with high water in the estuary. Salinity, δ18O, and δ2H varied more in the shallow open water than in groundwater. Surface water and shallow groundwater were similar to throughfall in isotopic composition, which suggested dominance by rainfall. Salinity of groundwater in hummocks increased with depth, was higher than in swales, and fluctuated little over time. Isotopic composition of xylem water in baldcypress was similar to the vadose zone and unlike other measured sources, indicating that trees preferentially use unsaturated hummock tops as refugia from higher salinity and saturated soil in swales and the lower portions of hummocks. Sustained upward gradients of salinity from groundwater to surface water and vadose water, and low variation in groundwater salinity and isotopic composition, suggested long residence time, limited exchange with surface water, and that the shallow subsurface of hummocks is characterized by episodic salinization and slow dilution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Movement patterns of three arboreal primates in a Neotropical moist forest explained by LiDAR-estimated canopy structure
Authors: McLean Kevin A. , Trainor Anne M. , Asner Gregory P. , Crofoot Margaret C. , Hopkins Mariah E. , Campbell Christina J. , Martin Roberta E. , Knapp David E. , Jansen Patrick A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Context
Many arboreal mammals in Neotropical forests are important seed dispersers that influence the spatial patterns of tree regeneration via their movement patterns, which in turn are determined by the canopy structure of the forest itself. However, the relationship between arboreal mammal movement and canopy structure is poorly understood, due in large part to the complexity of quantifying arboreal habitat structure.

Objectives
We relate detailed movement trajectories of three sympatric primate species to attributes of canopy structure derived from airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) in order to understand the role of structure in arboreal movement in the tropical moist forest of Barro Colorado Island, Panama.

Methods
We used high-resolution LiDAR to quantify three-dimensional attributes of the forest canopy of the entire island, high-resolution GPS tracking to map the movement patterns of the monkey species, and step selection functions to relate movement decisions to canopy attributes.

Results
We found that movement decisions were correlated with canopy height and distance to gaps, which indicate forest maturity and lateral connectivity, in all three species. In the two faster-moving species, step selection was also correlated with the thickness of the crown layer and the density of vegetation within the crown.

Conclusions
The correlations detected are fully in line with known differences in the locomotor adaptations and movement strategies of the study species, and directly reflect maximization of energetic efficiency and ability to escape from predators. Quantification of step selection in relation to structure thus provides insight into the ways in which arboreal animals use their environment.
Bile aspiration enhances the diagnostic accuracy of Clonorchis sinensis: A case report
Authors: Lin Te‐Fu , Chan Hoi‐Hung , Hsu Ping‐I , Tsai Tzung‐Jiun , Wang E‐Ming , Lai Kwok‐Hung , Cheng Jin‐Shiung , Wang Huay‐Min 
Published: March 2016

AbstractClonorchis sinensis is endemic to Southeast Asia, Japan, China, and Taiwan. Those infected often have a history of consumption of raw fresh fish. Its manifestations can be asymptomatic of cholangitis, biliary stones, or cholangiocarcinoma. A 69‐year‐old male living in Chishan, Taiwan visited our hospital with obstructive jaundice. Noninvasive analyses, such as stool examination, abdominal ultrasound, and an abdominal computed tomography scan did not reveal clues of clonorchiasis. As the obstructive jaundice was unexplained, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was then performed and a hepatic fluke was seen via aspiration of bile. Subsequently, the ova of C. sinensis were detected via microscopic examination of bile samples. Bile aspiration is not routine during an ERCP procedure; however, we suggest the bile aspiration can be diagnostically accurate for clonorchiasis, especially for patients with a suspicious infection.
Efficacy of atorvastatin in prevention of atrial fibrillation after heart valve surgery in the PROFACE trial (PROphylaxis of postoperative atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac surgEry)
Authors: Carrascal Yolanda , Arnold Roman J. , De la Fuente Luis , Revilla Ana , Sevilla Teresa , Arce Nuria , Laguna Gregorio , Pareja Pilar , Blanco Miriam 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the efficacy of perioperative atorvastatin administration for prophylaxis of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after heart valve surgery.MethodsOur study included 90 patients with heart valve disease who were scheduled to undergo elective cardiac surgery. Cases with previous AF or preoperative beta‐blocker therapy were excluded. Patients were randomized into the atorvastatin group, which included 47 patients who received 40 mg/day of atorvastatin 7 days before and after the surgery and the control group, which included 43 patients. Primary endpoint was the occurrence of POAF. Secondary endpoints included modifications in the preoperative and postoperative levels of the markers of inflammation (C‐reactive protein [CRP]), myocardial injury (ultrasensitive troponin T and creatinine phosphokinase MB [CPK‐MB]), and cardiac dysfunction (pro‐brain natriuretic peptide [proBNP]) related to POAF and changes in the echocardiographic parameters, such as atrial electromechanical interval, A wave, E/A ratio, and Doppler imaging systolic velocity wave amplitude, related to POAF.ResultsNo relationship between atorvastatin administration and reduction in the incidence of POAF was observed (42.6% in the atorvastatin vs. 30.2% in the control group) (p=0.226). No difference in the levels of CPK‐MB, ultrasensitive troponin T, CRP, or proBNP and in the analyzed echocardiographic parameter was detected between both groups.ConclusionsAtorvastatin in the described dose, was not adequate for the prophylaxis of POAF after heart valve surgery. It was ineffective in controlling the inflammatory phenomena, myocardial injury, and echocardiographic predictors of POAF.
FOOD INSECURITY AND PROGRAMS TO ALLEVIATE IT: WHAT WE KNOW AND WHAT WE HAVE YET TO LEARN
Authors: DUFFY PATRICIA A. , ZIZZA CLAIRE A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFourteen percent of households in the United States faced some level of food insecurity in 2014. This study provides a review of the state of knowledge on food insecurity in the United States and the programs designed to combat the problem. A household decision-making model is used to frame the discussion. The study also provides suggestions for future research.
LINEAR TIME IN HYPERSEQUENT FRAMEWORK
Authors: INDRZEJCZAK ANDRZEJ 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHypersequent calculus (HC), developed by A. Avron, is one of the most interesting proof systems suitable for nonclassical logics. Although HC has rather simple form, it increases significantly the expressive power of standard sequent calculi (SC). In particular, HC proved to be very useful in the field of proof theory of various nonclassical logics. It may seem surprising that it was not applied to temporal logics so far. In what follows, we discuss different approaches to formalization of logics of linear frames and provide a cut-free HC formalization ofKt4.3, the minimal temporal logic of linear frames, and some of its extensions. The novelty of our approach is that hypersequents are defined not as finite (multi)sets but as finite lists of ordinary sequents. Such a solution allows both linearity of time flow, and symmetry of past and future, to be incorporated by means of six temporal rules (three for future-necessity and three dual rules for past-necessity). Extensions of the basic calculus with simple structural rules cover logics of serial and dense frames. Completeness is proved by Schütte/Hintikka-style argument using models built from saturated hypersequents.
Emergency point-of-care ultrasound in Canadian pediatric emergency fellowship programs: current integration and future directions
Authors: Hoeffe Julia , Desjardins Marie Pier , Fischer Jason , Carriere Benoit , Gravel Jocelyn 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundAdult and pediatric emergency physicians have been using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for many years. It is a fast, usually painless, noninvasive diagnostic tool that does not expose the patient to radiation. Information about its current implementation in pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowship programs in Canada is lacking.ObjectiveThe main goal of our study was to investigate current integration and future direction of POCUS training in Canadian PEM programs.MethodsThe study consisted of two surveys designed for fellows and program directors of all Canadian PEM fellowship programs. The major aspects of the survey were 1) to describe current training in POCUS in fellowship programs, 2) to compare the kind of training that programs offer with what fellows actually receive, and 3) a needs assessment by fellows and program directors for future POCUS training programs. Surveys were sent to program directors and passed on to their fellows.ResultsNinety percent of fellowship program directors as well as 70% (42/60) of fellows responded to the survey. A formal POCUS curriculum exists in five of the nine PEM programs included in this study. Three programs offer specific pediatric POCUS training. The main application is the FAST (focused assessment with sonography for trauma) exam.ConclusionThere is a wide variation in POCUS content and delivery across PEM fellowship programs, as well as differences in perceptions of current training and of needs by fellows and program directors. However, given that both groups feel POCUS is very important and essential for PEM training, the opportunity exists to develop a standardized curriculum across Canada.
Emergency Department Management of Heart Failure and COPD: A National Survey of Attitudes and Practice
Authors: Hale Michael K.P. , Stiell Ian G. , Clement Catherine M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe Ottawa Heart Failure Risk Scale (OHFRS) and the Ottawa COPD Risk Scale (OCRS) were developed in order to estimate medical risk and to help guide disposition decisions for patients presenting to the ED with acute exacerbations of heart failure (HF) and COPD. We sought to determine physician attitudes towards these two new risk scales and to identify potential barriers to their ED implementation.MethodsTwo self-administered online surveys were distributed to the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians. The surveys each consisted of 16 questions relating to the OHFRS and OCRS. The primary outcome measures were the overall physician rating of the two risk scales. Secondary outcome measures assessed the likelihood of risk scale implementation into Canadian EDs, as well as the perceived barriers to such implementation. Descriptive statistics were used.ResultsFor the OHFRS survey, we received responses from 195 emergency physicians (35.7%). Overall, 74.4% approved of the risk scale based on a Likert rating of 4 or 5 and 66.7% believed that the risk scale would be implemented at their hospital. For the OCRS survey, we received responses from 208 emergency physicians (38.1%). Overall, 76.9% approved of the risk scale based on a Likert rating of 4 or 5 and 70.2% believed that the risk scale would be implemented at their hospital.ConclusionsCanadian emergency physicians are very supportive of the new OHFRS and OCRS. We believe these risk scales will assist physicians with making safe and efficient disposition decisions and improve outcomes for patients suffering from HF and COPD.
Legal Considerations for Health Care Practitioners After Superstorm Sandy
Authors: Hershey Tina Batra , Van Nostrand Elizabeth , Sood Rishi K. , Potter Margaret 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDuring disaster response and recovery, legal issues often arise related to the provision of health care services to affected residents. Superstorm Sandy led to the evacuation of many hospitals and other health care facilities and compromised the ability of health care practitioners to provide necessary primary care. This article highlights the challenges and legal concerns faced by health care practitioners in the aftermath of Sandy, which included limitations in scope of practice, difficulties with credentialing, lack of portability of practitioner licenses, and concerns regarding volunteer immunity and liability. Governmental and nongovernmental entities employed various strategies to address these concerns; however, legal barriers remained that posed challenges throughout the Superstorm Sandy response and recovery period. We suggest future approaches to address these legal considerations, including policies and legislation, additional waivers of law, and planning and coordination among multiple levels of governmental and nongovernmental organizations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:518–524)
Zika Virus: A Basic Overview of an Emerging Arboviral Infection in the Western Hemisphere
Authors: Vest Kelly G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSince February 2015, Zika virus has spread throughout the Western Hemisphere, starting in Brazil. As of March 2016, autochthonous transmission has been reported in at least 31 countries or territories. For countries in the Americas, the spread of Zika virus, a previously unfamiliar disease, follows similar emerging infection introductions of West Nile virus and Chikungunya virus and their spread throughout the American continents and the Caribbean nations. The Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization have issued alerts and a Public Health Emergency of International Concern announcement related to the recent cluster of microcephaly cases and other neurological disorders in Brazil that are temporally associated with Zika virus, which highlights the possible adverse impact of viral infection. This article provides an overview of the Zika virus infection and presents the historical background of the virus, a description of the pathogen, the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of Zika virus infection, diagnosis and treatment approaches, and prevention and control measures. Understanding what is known about the virus and its clinical presentation will assist in prevention, detection, and response measures to reduce and control the spread of the virus throughout the Western Hemisphere. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 6)
Challenges During a Chlorine Gas Emergency Response
Authors: Christensen Bryan E. , Duncan Mary Anne , King Sallyann C. , Hunter Candis , Ruckart Perri , Orr Maureen F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveA chlorine gas release occurred at a poultry processing plant as a result of an accidental mixing of sodium hypochlorite and an acidic antimicrobial treatment. We evaluated the public health and emergency medical services response and developed and disseminated public health recommendations to limit the impact of future incidents.MethodsWe conducted key informant interviews with the state health department; local fire, emergency medical services, and police departments; county emergency management; and representatives from area hospitals to understand the response mechanisms employed for this incident.ResultsAfter being exposed to an estimated 40-pound chlorine gas release, 170 workers were triaged on the scene and sent to 5 area hospitals. Each hospital redistributed staff or called in extra staff (eg, physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists) in response to the event. Interviews with hospital staff emphasized the need for improved communication with responders at the scene of a chemical incident.ConclusionsWhile responding, hospitals handled the patient surge without outside assistance because of effective planning, training, and drilling. The investigation highlighted that greater interagency communication can play an important role in ensuring that chemical incident patients are managed and treated in a timely manner. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:553–556)
A comparative analysis of the successive lumping and the lattice path counting algorithms
Authors: Katehakis Michael N. , Smit Laurens C. , Spieksma Floske M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper provides a comparison of the successive lumping (SL) methodology developed in Katehakis et al. (2015) with the popular lattice path counting (Mohanty (1979)) in obtaining rate matrices for queueing models, satisfying the specific quasi birth and death structure as in Van Leeuwaarden et al. (2009) and Van Leeuwaarden and Winands (2006). The two methodologies are compared both in terms of applicability requirements and numerical complexity by analyzing their performance for the same classical queueing models considered in Van Leeuwaarden et al. (2009). The main findings are threefold. First, when both methods are applicable, the SL-based algorithms outperform the lattice path counting algorithm (LPCA). Second, there are important classes of problems (for example, models with (level) nonhomogenous rates or with finite state spaces) for which the SL methodology is applicable and for which the LPCA cannot be used. Third, another main advantage of SL algorithms over lattice path counting is that the former includes a method to compute the steady state distribution using this rate matrix.
Conditions for permanence and ergodicity of certain stochastic predator–prey models
Authors: Du Nguyen Huu , Nguyen Dang Hai , Yin G. George 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this paper we derive sufficient conditions for the permanence and ergodicity of a stochastic predator–prey model with a Beddington–DeAngelis functional response. The conditions obtained are in fact very close to the necessary conditions. Both nondegenerate and degenerate diffusions are considered. One of the distinctive features of our results is that they enable the characterization of the support of a unique invariant probability measure. It proves the convergence in total variation norm of the transition probability to the invariant measure. Comparisons to the existing literature and matters related to other stochastic predator–prey models are also given.
Continuity properties of a factor of Markov chains
Authors: de Carvalho Walter A. F. , Gallo Sandro , Garcia Nancy L. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Starting from a Markov chain with a finite or a countable infinite alphabet, we consider the chain obtained when all but one symbol are indistinguishable for the practitioner. We study conditions on the transition matrix of the Markov chain ensuring that the image chain has continuous or discontinuous transition probabilities with respect to the past.