bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardized Sophora pachycarpa Root Extract Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation in Adipose‐derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Mollazadeh Samaneh , Neshati Vajiheh , Fazly Bazzaz Bibi Sedigheh , Iranshahi Mehrdad , Mojarrad Majid , Naderi‐Meshkin Hojjat , Kerachian Mohammad Amin 
Published: March 2017

Bone defect is an important topic in public health. Novel therapies are based on osteogenic induction by natural antiosteoporotic compounds including plant‐derived estrogens. In the current study, the osteogenic potential of Sophora pachycarpa root extract (SPRE) was explored on human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. Herein, adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells were osteoinducted in the presence of increased concentrations of the extract for 21 days. Then, cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay, and the differentiated cells were stained by Alizarin Red S for calcium deposition and subjected to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay for enzymatic activity. To assess the expression of bone‐related genes, treated cells were evaluated by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The MTT test demonstrated that SPRE had no toxic effects on the cell viability. Treating the cells with SPRE noticeably promoted ALP activity, mineralization, and mRNA expression of runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone gamma‐carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1). Additionally, cells subjected to 0.1 μg/mL SPRE showed the highest osteogenic effects. According to high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprinting of SPRE, the osteoprotective effects of SPRE is probably due to presence of phytochemicals with estrogen‐like activity in the extract. Thus, SPRE might be a suitable therapeutic agent for bone defects therapy in the future research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐linear mixing effects on mass‐47 CO2 clumped isotope thermometry: Patterns and implications
Authors: Defliese William F. , Lohmann Kyger C. 
Published: March 2017

RationaleMass‐47 CO2 clumped isotope thermometry requires relatively large (~20 mg) samples of carbonate minerals due to detection limits and shot noise in gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). However, it is unreasonable to assume that natural geologic materials are homogenous on the scale required for sampling. We show that sample heterogeneities can cause offsets from equilibrium Δ47 values that are controlled solely by end member mixing and are independent of equilibrium temperatures.MethodsA numerical model was built to simulate and quantify the effects of end member mixing on Δ47. The model was run in multiple possible configurations to produce a dataset of mixing effects. We verified that the model accurately simulated real phenomena by comparing two artificial laboratory mixtures measured using IRMS to model output.ResultsMixing effects were found to be dependent on end member isotopic composition in δ13C and δ18O values, and independent of end member Δ47 values. Both positive and negative offsets from equilibrium Δ47 can occur, and the sign is dependent on the interaction between end member isotopic compositions. The overall magnitude of mixing offsets is controlled by the amount of variability within a sample; the larger the disparity between end member compositions, the larger the mixing offset.ConclusionsSamples varying by less than 2 ‰ in both δ13C and δ18O values have mixing offsets below current IRMS detection limits. We recommend the use of isotopic subsampling for δ13C and δ18O values to determine sample heterogeneity, and to evaluate any potential mixing effects in samples suspected of being heterogonous. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordination Modes of Hydroxamates in Neptunium (V) Complexes in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Dumpala Rama Mohana Rao , Rawat Neetika , Bhattacharya Arunasis , Tomar Bhupendra Singh 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA theoretical study to understand molecular structures and coordination modes of neptunium complexes with three different substituent hydroxamates viz., acetohydroxamate (AHA), benzhydroxamate (BHA) and salicylhydroxamate (SHA) was carried out using density functional theory (DFT). The geometries for different complexes reported in literature MxLyHz (x:y:z) viz 1:1:1, 1:2:2 and 1:2:0 were optimized and interaction energies (ΔE) for complexation process were calculated to obtain the most probable structures of complexes. The ΔE value revealed, the complex stability order as NpO2+‐SHA > NpO2‐AHA > NpO2‐BHA which is in agreement with the reported experimental data. Higher negative charge on AHA compared to BHA leads to its higher interaction with NpO2 which in turn reflects in shorter Np‐Oeq (ligand) bond distances. In 1:1:1 complex of NpO2‐SHA, the binding mode involving ortho hydroxyl group and ‐NHO− oxygen atom (seven membered ring) shows most negative interaction energy.However, for binding of second ligand in 1:2:2 NpO2‐SHA complex, steric effects dominate and the mode involving five membered ring through oxygen atoms of ‐CONHO− is most stable.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Photosensitizing Activities of Ni(II) and Pd(II) Heteroleptic Dithiolate–dppf Complexes
Authors: Manar Krishna K. , Gupta Ajit N. , Gupta Arun K. , Prasad Lal B. , Srivastava Pankaj , Drew Michael G. B. , Singh Nanhai 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNew heteroleptic complexes, [M(dithiolate‐dppf)] (M=Ni(II) 1,Pd(II) 2, dithiolate=2‐(methylene‐1,1′‐dithiolato)‐1,3‐indandione (L1); Pd(II) 3, 2‐(methylene‐1,1′‐dithiolato)‐5,5′‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione (L2); dppf = 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopy (IR, UV‐Vis., 1H, 13C and 31P NMR) and cyclic voltammetry. X‐ray crystallography revealed distorted square planar geometry with P2MS2 cores in 1–3, displaying M⋯H−C intramolecular anagostic interactions. Complexes 1–3 show luminescent characteristics in CH2Cl2 solution at room temperature emanating from the MLCT charge‐transfer state. Based on their optical and electrochemical properties, the sensitizing activities of 1–3 have been explored; the Ni complex 1 has shown significant light to electrical energy conversion efficiency with η value of 0.78%. All the three complexes with σrt, 10−6‐10−7 S cm−1 and Ea=1.00‐1.35 eV are weakly conducting but show semiconducting characteristic in the 303–363 K temperature range.
Electronic spatiotemporal image correlation improves four‐dimensional fetal echocardiography
Authors: Guasina F. , Bellussi F. , Morganelli G. , Salsi G. , Pilu G. , Simonazzi G. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo compare the efficiency of electronic spatiotemporal image correlation (eSTIC) with that of conventional STIC to acquire four‐dimensional (4D) fetal cardiac volumes of diagnostic quality.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial of 100 patients in mid‐gestation with normal sonograms. In half of the cases, STIC volumes of the fetal heart were obtained with a conventional mechanical 4D probe and in the remaining cases eSTIC volumes were obtained with an electronic 4D probe. Examinations were kept within the timeframe allotted for a standard examination of fetal anatomy, and a maximum of two attempts were made at obtaining a 4D cardiac volume. Datasets were stored on a computer and subsequently analyzed and categorized as being of optimal, satisfactory or inadequate quality, depending on whether or not it was possible to perform an extended basic cardiac examination, including obtaining a three vessels and trachea view, as well as a clear reconstruction of both the aortic and ductal arches in the sagittal plane.ResultsThe eSTIC volume datasets were more frequently of optimal or satisfactory diagnostic quality compared with conventional STIC (94% vs 76%, P < 0.0001). Failure to obtain an eSTIC volume of adequate quality was in all cases the consequence of an unfavorable position of the fetus.ConclusionsCompared with a standard mechanical probe, the electronic 4D probe facilitates acquisition of sonographic cardiac volumes in mid‐trimester fetuses. In our hands, eSTIC volumes of optimal or satisfactory diagnostic quality, allowing a detailed offline evaluation of the fetal heart, were obtained in more than 90% of cases within the time frame of a standard examination of fetal anatomy. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Long‐Term Results Following Antibiotic Treatment of Acute Appendicitis in Adults
Authors: Lundholm K. , Hansson‐Assarsson J. , Engström C. , Iresjö B.‐M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic treatment of acute appendicitis has gained interest and inquiries. Reports have demonstrated both safety and high resolution of symptoms and inflammation following antibiotic treatment of appendicitis, but information on long‐term results is required. Our present aim was therefore to evaluate long‐term recurrence rate of initial antibiotics‐alone treatment for suspected acute appendicitis.MethodsPatients with favourable response to antibiotics in earlier randomized (RCT, n = 97) and population‐based (PBT, n = 342) studies as well as subsequently treated non‐randomized (Non‐R, n = 271) patients are evaluated for long‐term risk to relapse demanding surgical appendectomy; altogether 710 patients.ResultsClinical characteristics among randomized and non‐randomized patients were similar without any statistical difference according to abdominal symptoms and degree of systemic inflammation (CRP, WCC) when antibiotic treatment started. Females and males showed the same results. The median follow‐up time was 2162 days (5.92 years), and the range across highest and lowest follow‐up was 3495 days (range 2–3497) for the entire group, without significant differences among subgroups (RCT, PBT, Non‐R). The cumulative probability for relapse of appendicitis demanding appendectomy was: 0.09, 0.12, 0.12 and 0.13 at 1‐, 2‐, 3‐ and 5‐year follow‐up, with a probability of 0.86 ± 0.013 without appendectomy after 8 years. This may imply an overall benefit of 60–70% by antibiotics during expected 10‐year follow‐up accounting for initial treatment failures at 10–23% in our published reports.ConclusionAntibiotic treatment is safe and effective as a first‐line therapy in unselected adults with acute appendicitis with a risk around 15% for long‐term relapse following favourable initial treatment response.
The Effect of Parathyroidectomy on Risk of Hip Fracture in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Isaksson Elin , Ivarsson Kerstin , Akaberi Shahriar , Muth Andreas , Sterner Gunnar , Karl‐Göran Prütz , Clyne Naomi , Almquist Martin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground
Secondary hyperparathyroidism increases the risk for fractures. Despite improvement in medical therapy, surgical parathyroidectomy (PTX) often becomes necessary, but its effect on risk of fractures is not clear. Our aim was to study the effect of parathyroidectomy on the risk of hip fractures in patients on dialysis or with a functioning renal graft at time of parathyroidectomy.DesignIn a cohort of 20,056 patients on dialysis or with functioning renal allograft, we identified 590 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy between 1991 and 2009. Of these, 579 were matched with 1970 non‐PTX patients on age, sex, cause of renal disease and functioning renal allograft or not at the time of PTX or at the corresponding time for non‐PTX patients (t). We calculated the risk for hip fracture after PTX using crude and adjusted Cox proportional hazards regressions, adjusting for time in renal replacement therapy before t, time with functioning renal allograft before and after t, comorbidity at t and a hip fracture before t.ResultsThe adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for hip fracture was 0.40 (0.18–0.88) for PTX patients, compared to non‐PTX patients. When analyses were performed separately for sex, only women had a lower risk of hip fracture after PTX compared to non‐PTX patients. The risk of hip fracture after PTX was similar in patients with or without functioning renal allograft at time for PTX.ConclusionParathyroidectomy is associated with a lower risk of hip fracture in female patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Rapid breeding of parthenocarpic tomato plants using CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Ueta Risa , Abe Chihiro , Watanabe Takahito , Sugano Shigeo S. , Ishihara Ryosuke , Ezura Hiroshi , Osakabe Yuriko , Osakabe Keishi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractParthenocarpy in horticultural crop plants is an important trait with agricultural value for various industrial purposes as well as direct eating quality. Here, we demonstrate a breeding strategy to generate parthenocarpic tomato plants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We optimized the CRISPR/Cas9 system to introduce somatic mutations effectively into SlIAA9—a key gene controlling parthenocarpy—with mutation rates of up to 100% in the T0 generation. Furthermore, analysis of off-target mutations using deep sequencing indicated that our customized gRNAs induced no additional mutations in the host genome. Regenerated mutants exhibited morphological changes in leaf shape and seedless fruit—a characteristic of parthenocarpic tomato. And the segregated next generation (T1) also showed a severe phenotype associated with the homozygous mutated genome. The system developed here could be applied to produce parthenocarpic tomato in a wide variety of cultivars, as well as other major horticultural crops, using this precise and rapid breeding technique.
Cigarette Smoke Impairs A2A Adenosine Receptor Mediated Wound Repair through Up-regulation of Duox-1 Expression
Authors: Tian Zhi , Zhang Hui , Dixon Jendayi , Traphagen Nicole , Wyatt Todd A. , Kharbanda Kusum , Simet Chadwick Samantha , Kolliputi Narasaiah , Allen-Gipson Diane S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCigarette smoke (CS) exposure and intrinsic factors such as the NADPH oxidases produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ensuing inflammatory tissue injury. We previously demonstrated that CS-generated ROS, particularly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), impaired adenosine stimulated wound repair. We hypothesized that CS exposure modulates expression of Dual oxidase 1 (Duox-1), a NADPH oxidases known to generate H2O2. To test this hypothesis, we used human bronchial epithelial cell line Nuli-1 and C57BL/6 mice. Cells were treated with 5% CS extract (CSE) for various periods of time, and mice were exposed to whole body CS for six weeks. Both CSE and CS treatment induced increased expression of Duox-1, and silencing of Doux-1 improved the rate of cell wound repair induced by CSE treatment. Nuli-1 cells pretreated with thapsigargin but not calcium ionophore exhibited increased Duox-1 mRNA expression. CSE treatment stimulated PKCα activation, which was effectively blocked by pretreatment with diphenylene iodonium, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Compared to control, lungs from CS-exposed mice showed a significant increase in PKCα activity and Duox-1 expression. Collectively, the data demonstrated that CS exposure upregulates expression of Duox-1 protein. This further leads to H2O2 production and PKCα activation, inhibiting A2AAR-stimulated wound repair.
Antiproliferative Activity of Crocin Involves Targeting of Microtubules in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Hire Rupali R. , Srivastava Shalini , Davis Melissa B. , Kumar Konreddy Ananda , Panda Dulal 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCrocin, a component of saffron spice, is known to have an anticancer activity. However, the targets of crocin are not known. In this study, crocin was found to inhibit the proliferation of HCC70, HCC1806, HeLa and CCD1059sk cells by targeting microtubules. Crocin depolymerized both the interphase and mitotic microtubules of different cancer cells, inhibited mitosis and induced multipolar spindle formation in these cells. In vitro, crocin inhibited the assembly of pure tubulin as well as the assembly of microtubule-associated protein rich tubulin. Electron microscopic analysis showed that crocin inhibited microtubule assembly while it induced aggregation of tubulin at higher concentrations. Crocin co-eluted with tubulin suggesting that it binds to tubulin. Vinblastine inhibited the binding of crocin to tubulin while podophyllotoxin did not inhibit the crocin binding indicating that crocin binds at the vinblastine site on tubulin. The results suggested that crocin inhibited cell proliferation mainly by disrupting the microtubule network.
The New Phases due to Symmetry Protected Piecewise Berry Phases; Enhanced Pumping and Non-reciprocity in Trimer Lattices
Authors: Liu Xuele , Agarwal G. S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFinding new phase of matter is a fundamental task in physics. Generally, various phases or states of matter (for instance solid/liquid/gas phases) have different symmetries, the phase transitions among them can be explained by Landau’s symmetry breaking theory. The topological phases discovered in recent years show that different phases may have the same symmetry. The different topological phases are characterized by different integer values of the Berry phases. By studying one dimensional (1D) trimer lattices we report new phases beyond topological phases. The new phases that we find are characterized by piecewise continuous Berry phases with the discontinuity occurring at the transition point. With time-dependent changes in trimer lattices, we can generate two dimensional (2D) phases, which are characterized by the Berry phase of half period. This half-period Berry phase changes smoothly within one state of the system while changes discontinuously at the transition point. We further demonstrate the existence of adiabatic pumping for each phase and gain assisted enhanced pumping. The non reciprocity of the pumping process makes the system a good optical diode.
High-rate squeezing process of bulk metallic glasses
Authors: Fan Jitang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHigh-rate squeezing process of bulk metallic glasses from a cylinder into an intact sheet achieved by impact loading is investigated. Such a large deformation is caused by plastic flow, accompanied with geometrical confinement, shear banding/slipping, thermo softening, melting and joining. Temperature rise during the high-rate squeezing process makes a main effect. The inherent mechanisms are illustrated. Like high-pressure torsion (HPT), equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and surface mechanical attrition treatments (SMAT) for refining grain of metals, High-Rate Squeezing (HRS), as a multiple-functions technique, not only creates a new road of processing metallic glasses and other metallic alloys for developing advanced materials, but also directs a novel technology of processing, grain refining, coating, welding and so on for treating materials.
Abnormal levels of histone methylation in the retinas of diabetic rats are reversed by minocycline treatment
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Sidoli Simone , Zhang Wenquan , Wang Qing , Wang Leilei , Jensen Ole N. , Guo Lin , Zhao Xiaolu , Zheng Ling 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this study we quantified the alterations of retinal histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) in diabetic rats using a liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach. Some diabetic rats were subsequently treated with minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, which has been shown to inhibit the diabetes-induced chronic inflammation in the retinas of rodents. We quantified 266 differentially modified histone peptides, including 48 out of 83 methylation marks with significantly different abundancein retinas of diabetic rats as compared to non-diabetic controls. About 67% of these marks had their relative abundance restored to non-diabetic levels after minocycline treatment. Mono- and di-methylation states of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me1/me2), markers related to DNA damage response, were found to be up-regulated in the retinas of diabetic rats and restored to control levels upon minocycline treatment. DNA damage response biomarkers showed the same pattern once quantified by western blotting. Collectively, this study indicates that alteration of some histone methylation levels is associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy in rodents, and the beneficial effect of minocycline on the retinas of diabetic rodents is partially through its ability to normalize the altered histone methylation levels.
Gsα Controls Cortical Bone Quality by Regulating Osteoclast Differentiation via cAMP/PKA and β-Catenin Pathways
Authors: Ramaswamy Girish , Kim Hyunsoo , Zhang Deyu , Lounev Vitali , Wu Joy Y. , Choi Yongwon , Kaplan Frederick S. , Pignolo Robert J. , Shore Eileen M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSkeletal bone formation and maintenance requires coordinate functions of several cell types, including bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts. Gsα, the stimulatory subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, activates downstream signaling through cAMP and plays important roles in skeletal development by regulating osteoblast differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that Gsα signaling also regulates osteoclast differentiation during bone modeling and remodeling.Gnas, the gene encoding Gsα, is imprinted. Mice with paternal allele deletion ofGnas (Gnas+/p−) have defects in cortical bone quality and strength during early development (bone modeling) that persist during adult bone remodeling. Reduced bone quality inGnas+/p−mice was associated with increased endosteal osteoclast numbers, with no significant effects on osteoblast number and function. Osteoclast differentiation and resorption activity was enhanced inGnas+/p−cells. During differentiation,Gnas+/p−cells showed diminished pCREB, β-catenin and cyclin D1, and enhanced Nfatc1 levels, conditions favoring osteoclastogenesis. Forskolin treatment increased pCREB and rescued osteoclast differentiation inGnas+/p−by reducing Nfatc1 levels. Cortical bone ofGnas+/p−mice showed elevated expression of Wnt inhibitors sclerostin and Sfrp4 consistent with reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our data identify a new role for Gsα signaling in maintaining bone quality by regulating osteoclast differentiation and function through cAMP/PKA and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
210Pb-226Ra disequilibria in young gas-laden magmas
Authors: Reagan Mark , Turner Simon , Handley Heather , Turner Michael , Beier Christoph , Caulfield John , Peate David 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe present new 238U-230Th-226Ra-210Pb and supporting data for young lavas from southwest Pacific island arcs, Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland, and Terceira, Azores. The arc lavas have significant 238U and 226Ra excesses, whereas those from the ocean islands have moderate 230Th and 226Ra excesses, reflecting mantle melting in the presence of a water-rich fluid in the former and mantle melting by decompression in the latter. Differentiation to erupted compositions in both settings appears to have taken no longer than a few millennia. Variations in the (210Pb/226Ra)0 values in all settings largely result from degassing processes rather than mineral-melt partitioning. Like most other ocean island basalts, the Terceira basalt has a 210Pb deficit, which we attribute to ~8.5 years of steady 222Rn loss to a CO2-rich volatile phase while it traversed the crust. Lavas erupted from water-laden magma systems, including those investigated here, commonly have near equilibrium (210Pb/226Ra)0 values. Maintaining these equilibrium values requires minimal persistent loss or accumulation of 222Rn in a gas phase. We infer that degassing during decompression of water-saturated magmas either causes these magmas to crystallize and stall in reservoirs where they reside under conditions of near stasis, or to quickly rise towards the surface and erupt.