bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a Model on the Factors Influencing Social App Users’ Valuation of Interdependent Privacy
Authors: Pu Yu , Grossklags Jens 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In the context of third-party social apps, the problem of interdependency of privacy refers to users making app adoption decisions which cause the collection and utilization of personal information of users’ friends. In contrast, users’ friends have typically little or no direct influence over these decision-making processes.
We conduct a conjoint analysis study with two treatment conditions which vary the app data collection context (i.e., to which degree the functionality of the app makes it necessary for the app developer to collect friends’ information). Analyzing the data, we are able to quantify the monetary value which app users place on their friends’ and their own personal information in each context. Combining these valuations with the responses to a comprehensive survey, we apply structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis to investigate the roles of privacy concern, its antecedents, as well as app data collection context to work towards a model of interdependent privacy for the scenario of third-party social app adoption.
We find that individuals’ past experiences regarding privacy invasions are negatively associated with their trust for third-party social apps’ proper handling of their personal information, which in turn influences their concerns for their own privacy associated with third-party social apps. In addition, positive effects of users’ privacy knowledge on concerns for their own privacy and concerns for friends’ privacy regarding app adoption are partially supported. These privacy concerns are further found to affect how users value their own and their friends’ personal information. However, we are unable to support an association between users’ online social capital and their concerns for friends’ privacy. Nor do we have enough evidence to show that treatment conditions moderate the association between the concern for friends’ personal information and the value of such information in app adoption contexts.
Riffle
Authors: Kwon Albert , Lazar David , Devadas Srinivas , Ford Bryan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Existing anonymity systems sacrifice anonymity for efficient communication or vice-versa. Onion-routing achieves low latency, high bandwidth, and scalable anonymous communication, but is susceptible to traffic analysis attacks. Designs based on DC-Nets, on the other hand, protect the users against traffic analysis attacks, but sacrifice bandwidth. Verifiable mixnets maintain strong anonymity with low bandwidth overhead, but suffer from high computation overhead instead.
In this paper, we present Riffle, a bandwidth and computation efficient communication system with strong anonymity. Riffle consists of a small set of anonymity servers and a large number of users, and guarantees anonymity among all honest clients as long as there exists at least one honest server. Riffle uses a new hybrid verifiable shuffle technique and private information retrieval for bandwidth- and computation-efficient anonymous communication. Our evaluation of Riffle in file sharing and microblogging applications shows that Riffle can achieve a bandwidth of over 100KB/s per user in an anonymity set of 200 users in the case of file sharing, and handle over 100,000 users with less than 10 second latency in the case of microblogging.
The Deterrence Effects of Gun Laws in Games with Asymmetric Skills and Information
Authors: Oliveira Cristiano , Balbinotto Neto Giácomo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a game-theoretic model of crime and self-defense with gun use. The main purpose is to evaluate gun control policy effectiveness on crime reduction. The effects of assumption regarding the type of information agent’s possess and some extensions such as criminals’ skills advantage and different costs in gun carrying are studied. The results show that policies that increase gun availability make criminals always carry guns, even if they have a fighting advantage over the victims. The main conclusions are that gun control under complete information assumption leads to a decrease of gun crimes and that such policies are more effective to reduce crime when they affect both criminal’s and victim’s costs. Under incomplete information gun control generates multiple equilibria where criminals alternate between crimes with and without guns. In this case the effects of gun policy on crime depend on the share of population type.
Le sens caché: Refoulement et impensé dans le discours de la loi sémiotique des significations cachées du discours juridique
Authors: Lamizet Bernard 
Published: January 2016

RésuméLe droit est une des médiations institutionnelles de l’identité, puisqu’il régule les pratiques sociales exprimant l’appartenance de ceux qui les mettent en œuvre et qu’il institue les logiques qui structurent les rapports sociaux qui manifestent la sociabilité de l’espace public. La signification du discours du droit se distingue de celle de la parole ou de l’écriture dans les situations ordinaires de communication, car il s’agit d’un discours instituant. Dans le discours du droit, le sens caché est la part de la signification qui échappe à la performativité de l’énonciation. L’identité singulière de l’énonciateur fait l’objet d’un refoulement, le discours de la loi n’a pas de destinataire et il est considéré comme un discours à vocation universelle. Enfin, le discours de la loi est un discours qui s’impose à tous: il comporte, ainsi, une forme de performativité. Pour illustrer les questions théoriques et méthodologiques abordées dans cet article, on étudiera le texte d’une loi récemment promulguée en France, la loi n° 2013–316 du 16 avril 2013 relative à l’indépendance de l’expertise en matière de santé et d’environnement et à la protection des lanceurs d’alerte.
Uncovering hidden meanings in legal discourse on the elderly: A semioethical perspective
Authors: Novaes-Pinto Rosana Do Carmo , Oliveira Marcus Vinicius Borges 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAging is a theme that has interested philosophers, sociologists, anthropologists, educators, and scientists from several fields, including linguistics and semiotics, in which we have been developing our works and to which we hope to contribute with this article. In our text, especially dedicated to analyzing the (hidden) meanings underlying legal discourses to protect the elderly, we link our reflection to concepts developed in the sphere of semiotics and semioethics, with special reference to works by Susan Petrilli and Augusto Ponzio, strongly influenced, in turn, by authors such as Mikhail Bakhtin. Concerning legal discourse, we have chosen to concentrate on the topic related to violence, which reveals the very sad reality of how society treats their elders, which demands the existence of specific laws. We also base our discussion on data provided by Brazilian institutions such as IBGE and refer to the Brazilian Constitution and national policies especially written for the elderly, as well as on the reflections of Brazilian authors who have dedicated their lives to this field of study.
Analyses on Clinical Trials Literature: the Characteristics of Acu-moxa Manipulation for Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Liu Mai-Lan , Xie Shen , Pan Si-An , Liu Mi , Chang Xiao-Rong 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Objective: To sort out and analyze on acupuncture-moxibustion (AM) based clinical trials literature for hyperlipidemia (HLP) so that to find out the characteristics of AM, by which the more rational strategy of AM for HLP could be made.
Methods: We searched clinical trial paper on hyperlipidemia by AM in the main English and Chinese databases, included those met the eligibility, and employed the metrologic method to analyze and summarize the AM manipulation features.
Results: (1) A total of 124 articles were included with 128 times of AM methods in this study. (2) AM methods were broadly distributed: 29 articles on mild moxibustion, 24 on manual acupuncture, 21 on electro-acupuncture, 6 on magnetic needle, 6 on herbal pastry-insulated moxibustion (HPIM), 4 on warming needle moxibustion (WNM), 3 on acupoint injection, 2 on laser exposure, 1 on intradermal imbedding needle, and 1 on needle-knife. (3) characteristics of AM: manual acupuncture focuses on the manipulation of reinforcement or reduction by inserting/lifting or twisting in different directions, based on pathopattern differentiation (deficiency or repletion). Electro-acupuncture, which is supposed to have no difference on reinforcement/reduction, mostly choose dilatational wave at a frequency between 2~100Hz, with around 30minutes needle-retainment and 30 sessions for the whole treatment; mild moxibustion takes around 10 minutes for each session on each acupoint; HPIM usually takes 3 to 5 cones for each session on each acupoint; WNM usually takes 30 minutes for each session, by being administered every day or every other day, for total 30 session.
Conclusion: Currently the major used AM methods for HLP are manual acupuncture, electro-acupuncture and mild moxibustion. By turns they pay more attention on reinforcement/reduction, wave form and frequency, and dosage of moxibustion, respectively.
Effects of Electroacupuncture at Neiguan Acupoint on SOD and Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential of Rabbits with Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Shen Jing , Wang Chao , Zhang Jia-Li , Liu Zhao , Liu Mi , Yan Jie , Chang Xiao-Rong , Guo li-Na 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the influence of electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning at Nei Guan point (PC6) on the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) of rabbits with myocardial ischemia-reperrfusion injury, and its underlying mechanism that protects myocardium from injury.
Methods: 18 New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to pseudo-operation, model and EA groups， 6 in each group. Setting up models by ligation of coronary artery and electrically stimulating the rabbits in EA group 20 min per day in 5 days before modeling. Testing the activity of serum SOD with the method of actinochemistry, testing changes of mitochondrial transmembrane potential of myocardial cells with the method of synchronous spectrometry, using spectrophotometry to test the changes of the absorption of mitochondria at the spectrum of 520nm to check the opening of MPTP, and testing the apotosis of cells by means of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).
Results: Compared with model groups, the SOD activity of myocardial cells was significantly enhanced, and the apotosis index (AI) was reduced（P＜0.01），mitochondrial transmembrane potential was significantly increased （P＜0.05），absorption of mitochondria was significantly decreased（P＜0.01).
Conclusion: EA can remarkably improve myocardial ischemia - reperfusion injury, and protect myocardium.
The Combined Effects of Surface Roughness with Upstream Wakes on the Boundary Layer Development of an Ultra-High-Lift LPT Blade
Authors: Shuang Sun , Zhijun Lei , Xin’gen Lu , Yanfeng Zhang , Junqiang Zhu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe combined effects of upstream wakes and surface roughness on boundary layer development have been investigated experimentally to improve the performance of ultra-high-lift low-pressure turbine (LPT) blades. The measurement was performed on a linear cascade with an ultra-high-lift LP turbine profile named IET-LPTA with a Zweifel loading coefficient of about 1.4. The wakes were simulated by the moving cylindrical bars upstream of the cascade. The surface roughness was achieved using sandpaper strips which were placed into the slot incised on the blades surfaces. Three types of slots combined with three types of roughness heights formed a large measurement matrix. The roughness with a height of 8.82 μm (1.05×10
De Cádiz a México: la cuestión de los institutos literarios (1823-1833)
Authors: Ríos Zúñiga Rosalina 
Published: January 2016

<p>Descripción del desarrollo histórico del Instituto Nacional de Literatura, Ciencias y Artes como una recuperación del origen de la centralización y secularización educativa en los albores del México independiente. Destaca las bases gaditanas iniciales y federalistas constantes del proyecto, y la diversidad de contenidos curriculares encamina­ dos a la generalización de la educación a nivel nacional. Considera que el fracaso del proyecto determinó la falta de fuentes para realizar una investigación más amplia y satisfactoria.</p>
Sex and Race-Ethnicity Secular Trends in Mean and Elevated Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Among Adults in the United States, 1999-2012
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Loenneke Jeremy P. , Ahmed Haitham M. , Blaha Michael J. 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been shown to associate with increased risk of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular death. To our knowledge, no study has examined secular trends in RDW over the last decade.</p><p><strong>Design</strong>: Serial cross-sectional design. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Setting</strong>: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2012, were used.</p><p><strong>Patients</strong>: 34,171 adults. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Main Outcome Measure</strong>: RDW was assessed from a blood sample derived from the coefficient of variation of the red cell volume distribution histogram and reported as a percent. Elevated RDW was defined as an RDW &gt; 14.6%.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The overall age-adjusted mean RDW increased progressively and significantly (P&lt;.05) from 12.59% in 1999-2000 to 12.89% in 2011-2012. The overall age-adjusted prevalence of elevated RDW increased progressively and significantly (P&lt;.05) from 4.01% in 1999-2000 to 6.25% in 2011-2012. Statistically significant increases over this time period also occurred among non-Hispanic White women, non-Hispanic Black men and women, and Mexican American men and women. Across all sex and race-ethnicity combinations, women, compared with men, had higher RDW and larger increases over time in mean and elevated RDW. </p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Mean and elevated RDW has progressively increased from 1999-2012 among adults in the United States, with increases observed among non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks, and Mexican Americans. Future research is needed to describe the determinants and implications of this RDW rise, as well as explanations for why a greater RDW change has occurred among women. <em>Ethn Dis. </em>2016;26(1):45-50; doi:10.18865/ed.26.1.45</p>
Results from the Trial Using Motivational Interviewing, Positive Affect, and Self-Affirmation in African Americans with Hypertension (TRIUMPH)
Authors: Boutin-Foster Carla , Offidani Emanuela , Kanna Balavenkatesh , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Ravenell Joseph , Scott Ebony , Rodriguez Anna , Ramos Rosio , Michelen Walid , Gerber Linda M. , Charlson Mary 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> Our objective was to determine the the effectiveness in combining positive affect and self-affirmation strategies with motivational interviewing in improving blood pressure control among hypertensive African Americans compared with AA hypertensives in an education-only control group.</p><p><strong>Design:</strong> Randomized trial.</p><p><strong>Setting:</strong> Ambulatory practices in the South Bronx and Harlem, New York City.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>African American adults with uncontrolled hypertension.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Interventions:</strong> Participants were randomized to a positive affect and self-affirmation intervention or an education control group. The positive affect and self-affirmation intervention involved having participants think about things that made them happy and that reminded them of their core values on a daily basis. These strategies were reinforced every two months through motivational interviewing. The control arm received a workbook of strategies on blood pressure control. All participants were called every two months for one year.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes: </strong>Blood pressure control rate.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 238 participants were randomized. The average age was 56<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 11, approximately 70% were female, 80% were not married, and up to 70% completed high school. There was no difference in control rates between the intervention and the control group. However, at one year, female participants were more likely to be controlled. Participants with high depressive symptoms or high perceived stress at baseline were less likely to be controlled.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong><em> </em>While this study did not demonstrate an intervention effect, it does provide important insight into the psychosocial factors that may underlie blood pressure control in African Americans. Implications for future behavioral intervention trials are discussed. <em>Ethn Dis.</em> 2016;26(1):51-60; doi:10.18865/ed.26.1.51</p>
Regulating Clinic: Do UK Clinics Need to Become Alternative Business Structures Under the Legal Services Act 2007?
Authors: Campbell Elaine 
Published: January 2016

<p>In clinical legal education circles we tend to focus on the pedagogical aspects of our work. We enjoy lively debate on topics such as assessment, skills, ethics, student self-efficacy, the role of reflection and balancing the needs of the student with the needs of the client. Rarely do we speak or write about the legal framework regulating the work that occurs in clinics. However, the regulatory landscape is changing, and rapidly.</p><p>The Legal Services Act 2007 allows organisations that are owned or managed by non-lawyers to provide regulated legal services. It permits and encourages new entrants to the legal services market in England and Wales. It was heralded as ushering in important new opportunities for solicitors to team up with non-lawyers and to attract capital for their businesses in a carefully regulated environment. At first glance, there did not appear to be anything within the framework which affected law school clinics. On closer inspection, this is sadly not the case.</p><p><br />The aim of this paper is to increase the level of awareness within the clinical legal education community, in England and Wales in particular, of the effects of the Legal Services Act 2007 on clinical activity. It will explore the background to the introduction of alternative business structures and compare the approach which Australia has taken. It will also look to the future and discuss potential problems and solutions.</p>
Quality-Lite for Clinics: Appropriate Accountability within ‘Live-Client’ Clinical Legal Education
Authors: Brayne Hugh , Evans Adrian 
Published: January 2016

<p>Our paper will explore the tensions. We are not going to be able to jettison quality assurance, even if we wish to. So we will propose a ‘quality-lite’ agenda for law clinic objectives and student outcomes, asserting that self-governance and our own QA processes will protect live-client clinics from ill-designed, externally imposed bureaucratic pressures. Encouragement of innovation in clinical legal education – and its support via quality-lite – need not be restricted to a few institutions that are independently funded. Ultimately, QA must be facilitative of development in technique and policy or there will be less and less to ‘assure’, let alone deliver to communities in need.</p>
Recurring Epidemics of Pharmaceutical Drug Abuse in America: Time for an All-Drug Strategy
Authors: Herzberg David , Guarino Honoria , Mateu-Gelabert Pedro , Bennett Alex S. 
Published: January 2016

Observers describe today’s “epidemic” of pharmaceutical drug abuse as a recent phenomenon, but we argue that it is only the most recent of three waves stretching back more than a century.During each wave, policies have followed a similar pattern: voluntary educational campaigns, followed by supply-side policing and—sometimes—public health responses that would today be understood as “harm reduction.”These experiences suggest that only broad-based application of all three approaches to users of all drugs (not just pharmaceutical drugs) can produce a reduction in drug-related harm rather than merely shifting it from one type of drug to another. This has rarely happened because policy has been shaped by the racially charged division of drug users into deserving and morally salvageable victims, or fearsome and morally repugnant criminals.
Socioeconomic Position and Premature Mortality in the AusDiab Cohort of Australian Adults
Authors: Bihan Hélène , Backholer Kathrin , Peeters Anna , Stevenson Christopher E. , Shaw Jonathan E. , Magliano Dianna J. 
Published: January 2016

Objectives. To determine the association of socioeconomic position indicators with mortality, without and with adjustment for modifiable risk factors. Methods. We examined the relationships of 2 area-based indices and educational level with mortality among 9338 people (including 8094 younger than 70 years at baseline) of the Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) from 1999–2000 until November 30, 2012. Results. Age- and gender-adjusted premature mortality (death before age 70 years) was more likely among those living in the most disadvantaged areas versus least disadvantaged (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08, 2.01), living in inner regional versus major urban areas (HR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.73), or having the lowest educational level versus the highest (HR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.17, 2.30). The contribution of modifiable risk factors (smoking status, diet quality, physical activity, stress, cardiovascular risk factors) in the relationship between 1 area-based index or educational level and mortality was more apparent as age of death decreased. Conclusions. The relation of area-based socioeconomic position to premature mortality is partly mediated by behavioral and cardiovascular risk factors. Such results could influence public health policies.
Effects of Proximity to Supermarkets on a Randomized Trial Studying Interventions for Obesity
Authors: Fiechtner Lauren , Kleinman Ken , Melly Steven J. , Sharifi Mona , Marshall Richard , Block Jason , Cheng Erika R. , Taveras Elsie M. 
Published: January 2016

Objectives. To determine whether proximity to a supermarket modified the effects of an obesity intervention. Methods. We examined 498 children aged 6 to 12 years with a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile participating in an obesity trial in Massachusetts in 2011 to 2013. The practice-based interventions included computerized clinician decision support plus family self-guided behavior change or health coaching. Outcomes were 1-year change in BMI z-score, sugar-sweetened beverage intake, and fruit and vegetable intake. We examined distance to the closest supermarket as an effect modifier. Results. Distance to supermarkets was an effect modifier of 1-year change in BMI z-score and fruit and vegetable intake but not sugar-sweetened beverage intake. With each 1-mile shorter distance to a supermarket, intervention participants increased their fruit and vegetable intake by 0.29 servings per day and decreased their BMI z-score by −0.04 units relative to controls. Conclusions. Living closer to a supermarket is associated with greater improvements in fruit and vegetable intake and weight status in an obesity intervention.