bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of temperature on rehydration and fracture resistance of reattached tooth fragments after crown fracture: An in vitro study
Authors: Atif Mohammad , Tewari Nitesh , Jhunjhunwala Garima , Nehta Hemlata , Rahul Morankar , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Bansal Kalpana 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Uncomplicated crown fractures of maxillary anterior teeth are common dental injuries, and the bonding of fractured fragments is recommended for management. Rehydration of fragments improves bonding and fracture resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of the reattached tooth fragment of the incisor crown after rehydration using either a steamer or a humidifier.

Materials and Methods:
Bovine teeth were used as a model. Fractured fragments were divided into three groups: Group I (no rehydration), Group II (rehydration by humidifier), and Group III (rehydration by steamer). Fragments were reattached using a standard bonding protocol. Fracture resistance was tested using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Chi-square tests.

Results:
The force required to fracture the reattached fragments was significantly higher in Group II (humidifier) compared to Group I (no rehydration) (P = 0.005). Group III (steamer) had a force value similar to Group I, indicating no significant improvement in fracture resistance with steamer rehydration. The temperature inside the steam-based chamber reached an average of 95.7°C with 95% humidity, whereas the conventional humidification chamber had an average temperature of 39.2°C and 84% humidity.

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of the present study, the rehydration protocol using a steam-based chamber was found to have a significantly lower force required to fracture the reattached fragments as compared to humidifier-based chamber. This was not significantly different from the fragments which were reattached without rehydration.
Influence of maternal attention-deficit hyperactive disorder on child dental neglect – An analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Selvaraj Yazhini , Geethapriya P. R. , Asokan Sharath , Thoppe-Dhamodharan Yogesh Kumar , Viswanath Sudhandra 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition that is characterized by symptoms such as inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The influence of mothers with ADHD and their attitude towards their wards’ oral health has not been explored in the Indian scenario.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ADHD in mother–child dyads in western Tamil Nadu and the mothers’ dental neglect toward their children.

Methodology:
The prevalence of ADHD in mothers and children was assessed using the Adult ADHD Self-report Scale screener and ADHD Rating Scale, respectively. The Child Dental Neglect Scale (CDNS) was used to assess dental neglect in children. The responses were recorded on a Likert scale and statistical analyses were done.

Results:
The prevalence of ADHD in mothers and children was 10.65% and 10.57%, respectively. The impulsivity and hyperactivity type of ADHD was commonly seen in both the mothers and their children. Mothers without ADHD felt that their children maintained their oral health well. Mothers with ADHD deferred the needed dental treatment for their children.

Conclusion:
Mothers with ADHD have four times more risk of having children with ADHD. Maternal ADHD influences their child’s oral health. Child dental neglect was more prevalent among mothers with ADHD.
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of various intracanal medicament in young permanent teeth: An in vivo study
Authors: Dixit Anusha , Kapoor Rishabh , Doneria Divya , Mathur Shivani , Goel Saakshi , Singh Rishba 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Bacteria and their byproducts are key contributors to the onset and perpetuation of pulpoperiapical pathosis. Intracanal medication is vital in achieving successful endodontic outcomes as it targets and eradicates remaining microorganisms following biomechanical preparation.

Aim and Objective:
The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide (CH) paste, triple antibiotic paste (TAP), and probiotics (PBs) as intracanal medicament in 12–17-year-old children undergoing root canal treatment for the management of infected pulpal tissues in young permanent teeth.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 30 patients aged 12–17 years indicated for endodontic therapy in maxillary incisors and with no systemic complications were selected. They were randomly divided into three groups, i.e., Group I – CH group, Group II – TAP, and Group III – PB allocating 10 teeth in each group. After access opening, the first sample (S1) was collected by inserting a paper point into the root canal, the second sample (S2) was collected immediately after biomechanical preparation, and the third sample (S3) was collected after 7 days, i.e., postintracanal medication. Samples were sent for microbiological analysis to assess the microbial count, and statistical analysis was done for the obtained data.

Results:
The three intracanal medicaments were successful in reducing the microbial counts of Enterococcus faecalis in the infected root canals. However, according to the results of the study, the PB group demonstrated greater effectiveness against E. faecalis compared to the CH group and displayed similar antimicrobial efficacy as the TAP group.

Conclusion:
PB exhibited antimicrobial efficacy comparable to TAP but greater than Ca (OH) 2 paste. Hence, PB can be utilized as an intracanal medicament in young permanent teeth.
Effect of silver diamine fluoride application on the microtensile bond strength of three commonly used restorative materials in primary teeth: An ultrastructural study
Authors: Banerjee Ishita , Chatterjee Ananjan , Kundu Gautam Kumar , Zahir Shabnam , Purkait Swapan Kumar , Kumar Shikhar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Caries in primary teeth rapidly advances owing to its thin structure, thereby requiring restoration. However, restorations often fail due to various causes such as secondary caries and reduced microtensile bond strength (μTBS), which calls for the use of antimicrobial agents such as silver diamine fluoride (SDF).

Aim:
This study aims to measure and analyse the effect of SDF application on the μTBS of three regularly used restorative materials to dentin of primary teeth as well as compare the types of bond failure interfaces under SEM.

Materials and Methods:
The study comprised 60 samples equally divided into six groups among three restorative materials, namely, glass ionomer cement (GIC, Groups I and II), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC, Groups III and IV), and composite resin (Groups V and VI) with subdivisions of A and B, where A represented samples with SDF application and B represented samples without SDF application.

Results and Observations:
It was observed that μTBS of RMGIC to sound and carious dentin irrespective of SDF application was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05), and when GIC, RMGIC, and composite resins were compared to both sound and carious dentin irrespective of SDF application, it was statistically significant (P < 0.05). SEM analysis revealed predominantly cohesive failures among all the groups.

Conclusion:
Based on the results, it was concluded that SDF has no adverse effect on the μTBS of GIC, RMGIC, and composite resin to both carious and sound dentin of primary teeth.
The necessity and reasons for referrals to endodontists among general dentists in Mashhad: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gharechahi Maryam , Rouhani Armita , Ahmadi Amin Khazai , Davaji Mina 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
This study aimed to identify the necessity and reasons for patient referral to endodontists among general dentists in Mashhad, Iran, in 2021.

Materials and Methods:
This research employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Two hundred general dentists participated in the survey, answering a questionnaire with confirmed reliability and validity. The questions focused on their reasoning for deciding to perform or not perform root canal treatment, their rationale for referring or not referring patients to endodontists, and the factors influencing these decisions. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-19 software, using Chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests (α = 0.05).

Results:
Of the respondents, 68% performed root canal therapy routinely, while 8.5% reported never performing root treatment. Men were more likely to perform root canal therapy than women (P < 0.001). Among the dentists who performed root canal therapy, 76.5% considered endodontic referrals necessary, and the number of referrals was higher among female dentists than male dentists (P < 0.001). Overall, the main reasons for referral to endodontists include noncooperation of the patient, open apex, and mouth opening limitations. Fear of losing the patient and the high costs of specialized treatment were the reasons for nonreferral to endodontists.

Conclusion:
There is a need to eliminate the barriers to endodontic referral among general dentists in Mashhad. Economic issues played a substantial role in dentists’ unwillingness to perform root canal therapy and endodontic referral. The study provides insights into the reasons for referral, which can guide the development of strategies to improve endodontic care and patient outcomes.
Preparation and characterization of novel nano-tricalcium silicate-58s bioactive glass-based root canal sealer
Authors: Al-Sabawi Nawal Atiya , Al-Jubori Sawsan Hameed 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers are gain significant interest in the recent endodontic treatment, but the high solubility and long setting time are the most shortcoming. Therefore, this study aimed to develop new nano-tricalcium silicate-58s bioactive glass (BG)-based root canal sealer with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a liquid precursor, as well as to evaluate the hydration reaction of the newly prepared sealer.

Materials and Methods:
Different formulae were prepared by adding nano-zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and 58s BG to the tricalcium silicate (C3S) at different concentrations. Furthermore, two types of liquid were used as precursors (PBS and distilled water). Then after, the setting time and solubility were evaluated for each prepared formula. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Tukey tests. The formula that had the best properties was characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Results:
It was found that the ZrO2 at 25%, BG at 30%, and the use of PBS as a liquid improved the physical properties of the prepared sealer. Results indicated that the main hydration reactions by products for the best formula were noncrystalline calcium silicate hydrate, crystalline Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, Ca(H2PO4)2, Ca3(PO4)2, and hydroxyapatite.

Conclusions:
The experimental formula that composed mainly of 45% C3S, 25% ZrO2, and 30% BG as a powder and PBS as a liquid precursor had superior properties, which is in line with the American Dental Association specification.
The effect of different reciprocating angles on debris extrusion produced by R-Motion files – An in vitro study
Authors: Al-Omari Taher Mohammed Nabil , Arican Burcin , Ates Ayfer Atav 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Extrusion of debris resulting from canal preparation is an important topic of interest for dentists. This study assessed the performance of the R-Motion (RM) and Reciproc Blue (RB) systems on extracted teeth, for both apically extruded debris and time of preparation.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty mandibular premolar teeth with straight match canal anatomy were indiscriminately allocated to one of the three groups: RM-WO (WaveOne ALL-mode), RM-R (Reciproc ALL-mode), and RB with glide path (R ALL-mode). The amount of extruded debris apically was collected in preweighed plastic laboratory tubes during treatment, and the procedure time was recorded. The mean values of extruded debris were calculated by subtracting the postinstrumentation weight of tubes from the preinstrumentation weight. The data were statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey pairwise comparison tests.

Results:
Extrusion of debris was observed with all the samples. The RM group had less apical extrusion of debris compared to the RB group. Extruded debris in the RM-R group was numerically less than in the RM-WO group (P > 0.05) and significantly less than in the RB group (P < 0.05) (one-way ANOVA test; P < 0.05). In both motions, the preparation time required by RB was equal to that required by the RM file (One-way ANOVA test; P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
All samples showed extrusion of debris to some extent, irrespective of the motion used. RM-R was associated with the least amount of extruded debris.
Challenges and opportunities for oral health care professionals in COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tirth Amit , Alam Naved , Ravishankar T. L. , Tandon Vaibhav 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The World Health Organization announced a pandemic crisis when the virus was isolated in all of its worldwide regions. Being highly transmissible, this novel coronavirus disease-2019, also known as COVID-19, has spread fast all over the world. The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Human-to-human transmission happens mainly through the respiratory tract of droplets and close contact transmission. Dental practitioners are at higher risk of transmission as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential to spread through droplets and aerosols from infected individuals in dental clinics and hospitals.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to highlight the potential sources of COVID-19 infection in oral health-care services.

Materials and Methods:
An electronic search was made of the PubMed (MEDLINE), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Articles were identified by the searches which were checked based on title first, then by abstract or keywords with “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “Dentist,” and “health-care workers,” for articles involving studies and review articles published in English language only and relevant to the objectives of our review article.

Results and Discussion:
The majority of the emergency cases required endodontic treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Atraumatic restorative treatment and interim therapeutic restoration are alternative approaches to prevent infectious aerosol during dental procedures in dental, community, or hospital settings.

Conclusion:
Oral healthcare professionals are at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 infection. Risk of COVID-19 can be reduced by appropriate techniques and practice in dental settings.
Quantitative analysis of remineralization of artificial carious lesions with commercially available toothpastes using EDAX: An in vitro study
Authors: Khader Deema Abdul , Peedikayil Faizal C. , Chandru T. P. , Kottayi Soni , Purakkal Aparna T. , Ismail Shabnam 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Noninvasive approach for treating demineralized teeth is gaining importance in preventive dentistry. Various fluoridated and nonfluoridated remineralizing agents are utilized for treating early enamel carious lesions.

Aim:
To quantitatively assess the remineralizing potential of various dentifrices quantitatively from the array of products available in the market.

Materials and Methods:
Enamel blocks were prepared from seventy sound permanent teeth. The baseline amount of calcium, phosphorous, and fluoride was evaluated. After those samples were transferred in Modified TenCate’s solution for demineralization for 96 h, the amount of demineralization carried out to detect change in mineral content. Following this, samples were randomly grouped into five – Group 1: Fluoridated sensitive toothpaste, Group 2: Fluoridated toothpaste with Anticay Technology, Group 3: Nonfluoridated natural extracts toothpaste, Group 4: Nonfluoridated ayurvedic toothpaste, and Group 5: De-ionized water. Remineralizing agents applied twice daily for 28 days. The final mineral content of remineralized enamel was evaluated. Intra-group and inter-group comparisons were statistically analyzed using independent and paired sample t-test and analysis of variance.

Results and Discussion:
The mean calcium, phosphorous, fluoride, and Ca/P ratio of fluoridated and nonfluoridated toothpastes showed statistically significant difference (significant at P < 0.05). Intergroup comparison shows fluoridated toothpaste showing greater potential for remineralization (significant at P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Fluoridated toothpaste with anticay technology showed better remineralizing capacity followed by sensitive and nonfluoridated natural toothpaste. Nonfluoridated ayurvedic toothpaste showed the least remineralizing potential.
Efficiency of Miswak as an oral hygiene aid among the madrasa going children of Nuh – A socioeconomically disadvantaged district of India
Authors: Sharma Amita , Ranga Parveen , Sharma Sonam 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Resources for oral health care remain limited in in rural and backward areas where an inherent need to exists to explore inexpensive cleaning aids at ease.

Aim:
To assess the efficiency of Miswak stick as an oral hygiene aid among madrasa-going 12–14 years old children, by comparing it with toothbrush and toothpaste in Nuh district of Haryana, India.

Materials and Methods:
The study population comprised of 540 madrasa-going children. 400 cases were Miswak users, whereas 140 toothbrush and toothpaste users were in the control group. Their oral hygiene status was assessed using the Gingival Index (GI), Oral hygiene index- simplified (OHI-S) and Plaque Index (PI). Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index was used to measure the dental caries incidence. The data were recorded, tabulated, and statistically analyzed.

Results and Discussion:
The results showed that Miswak users had significantly less mean GI score and OHI-S index scores (P = 0.001) but no statistically significant difference in PI score as compared to toothbrush and toothpaste users. Second, DMFT score was more in toothbrush and toothpaste users as compared to Miswak users.

Conclusion:
This study concluded that the oral hygiene status of Miswak users in the madrasa-going children of Nuh district was better than that of toothbrush and toothpaste users.
Symptom manifestation of dental local anesthesia with patients who recently received COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Alaskari Ahmed Abdullah , Almutairi Ebtihal Saad , Alharthi Demah Saleh Midshil , Alqahtani Deena Ali Obaid , Alhassan Atheer Ali Mueedh , Albounni Roula S. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
As a result of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) caused the severe viral pneumonia . Countries have been applying test regulations, vaccination is the top strategy to combat it.

Aim:
To determine if there was any negative impact of dental local anesthesia on the vital medical condition of patients who recently received the Covid-19 vaccine.

Materials and Methods:
Before participating in the study, patients had to read and sign a consent form. The following treatments were performed under local anesthesia: ten definitive restorations; two tooth extractions; two scalings and prophylaxis; three root planning; and one root canal treatment. Lidocaine with epinephrine was used on three patients, lidocaine without epinephrine on one patient, and scandicaine2% (mepivacaine hydrochloride) on 13 patients. A questionnaire containing nine specific questions was developed for this study, beginning with a patient's personal information. In the second group, we asked about the symptoms after getting the covid 19 vaccine, and in the third group, we asked about the symptoms after dental work.

Results and Discussion:
With the limitation of this study, it was evident that there was no correlation between vaccination against Covid-19 and local anesthesia in dental treatment with healthy patients. As the Local anesthetics produce anesthesia by inhibiting nerve ending excitation or by blocking the conduction of peripheral nerves. And COVID-19 vaccine works on the body's immune system. Statistical significance was established at P ≤ 0.05.

Conclusion:
According to this study, there was no correlation between vaccination against Covid-19 and local anesthesia in dental treatment with healthy patients.
Pretreatment expectations and posttreatment satisfaction with different prosthodontic treatments in a Saudi population
Authors: Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen , Alharbi Abdullah Faisal , Alharbi Abdullah Mohammed , Karbouji Ghofran Ali , Dagharire Emad Yahya , Aboalrejal Afaf 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
The dentist–patient relationship and the patient's expectation before prosthodontic treatment are significant in achieving patients' satisfaction. There are not enough studies in the Saudi population on how the expectation can affect patients' satisfaction for patients rehabilitated with different prosthetic options.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of gender, prosthesis type, and patients' expectations of different prosthetic treatments on the patient's satisfaction.

Materials and Methods:
Data were collected at the dental hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Taibah University. A total of 125 participants evaluated their expectations of and satisfaction with different prostheses types regarding esthetics, chewing, comfort, and phonetics, also assessed their perception of the dentists' conduct by using a Visual Analog Scale.

Results and Discussion:
The study included 125 participants (50.4% females, 49.6% males), with a mean age of 39.76 ± 15.42. Regarding the prosthesis type, there were no statistically significant differences between expectations and satisfaction in all domains except with chewing with a fixed denture prosthesis, in which satisfaction exceeded expectations with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Most participants scored their perception of the dentist's conduct above average and described their dentists as professional, very concerned, and careful. Female participants recorded statistically insignificantly lower expectations and satisfaction scores than males regarding esthetics, comfort, and phonetics with all prosthesis types (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The study's findings suggested that satisfaction levels were correlated with prosthesis type, pretreatment expectations, and the gender of the treated patients.