bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of carbonate rocks for engineering applications considering mineralogical, geochemical and geotechnical attributes
Authors: Okewale Ismail Adeniyi , Grobler Hendrik , Mulaba-Bafubiandi Antoine F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to continuous need of materials for infrastructural development, geomaterials of different origins are used where available. Vast majority of these materials in some countries are predominantly metamorphic and sedimentary in nature. Many of these rocks are of carbonate origin and they are encountered by practitioners worldwide. Therefore, it is very crucial to evaluate the prospect of using carbonate rocks for different applications. In this paper, laboratory tests were conducted on soft and hard carbonate rocks in order to assess their usefulness taking into consideration the mineralogy, geochemistry and geotechnics. The mineralogy is majorly calcite, the fabric is characterized by aggregation of particles to form clusters and the chemical composition is predominantly calcium oxide. The hard carbonate rocks have low porosity, medium dynamic fragmentation, medium to low water absorption, slightly strong rebound hardness value, high uniaxial compressive strength and soft carbonate rocks have low in situ specific volume and compressibility. The carbonate rocks are suitable for cement production. The hard carbonate rocks can be used for infrastructure purposes. The soft carbonate rocks are suitable for use as foundation fill materials and suitable for use as sub-grade materials. However, practitioners must be cautious when using this material as sub-base materials.
2-Rotund norms for unconditional and symmetric sequence spaces
Authors: Dilworth Stephen , Kutzarova Denka , Motakis Pavlos 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA reflexive Banach space with an unconditional basis admits an equivalent 1-unconditional 2R norm and embeds into a reflexive space with a 1-symmetric 2R norm. Partial results on 1-symmetric 2R renormings of spaces with a symmetric basis are obtained.
EMI in the Saudi Arabian context
Authors: Aljehani Khulod , Modiano Marko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has recently made significant changes to its tertiary education programs, aligning itself with other nations in the Middle East and North Africa by adopting the practice of English Medium Instruction (EMI). However, EMI is not without drawbacks. In the UAE and Qatar, for example, researchers have reported on the potential adverse consequences of the policy. This study seeks to explore KSA university students’ and instructors’ attitudes toward EMI, with a significant focus on broader social and cultural perceptions, while also addressing pedagogical issues. This approach contrasts with the predominant focus in the existing literature, which primarily emphasizes pedagogical aspects. A mixed-method approach is utilized in which students were surveyed quantitatively, and instructors were interviewed. The study does not reveal any evidence of broader social and cultural concerns such as those reported elsewhere; however, the findings do indicate student resistance to a monolingual approach, whether English or Arabic. Thus, by taking into consideration the findings presented here and in other studies, in conjunction with relevant theoretical suppositions, this study substantiates the benefits of a mixed-medium approach combining English and Arabic.
Distributed acoustic sensing technology in marine geosciences
Authors: Wei Jiayi , Gong Wende , Xing Junhui , Xu Haowei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDistributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is an emerging vibration signal acquisition technology that transforms existing fiber-optic communication infrastructure into an array of thousands of seismic sensors. Due to its advantages of low cost, easy deployment, continuous measurement, and long-distance measurement, DAS has rapidly developed applications in the field of marine geophysics. This paper systematically summarizes the status of DAS technology applications in marine seismic monitoring, tsunami and ocean-current monitoring, ocean thermometry, marine target monitoring, and ocean-bottom imaging; analyzes the problems faced during its development; and discusses prospects for further applications in marine geoscience and future research directions.
C'est L’ amour Seul Qui Compte
Authors: Zimmerer Margarete 
Published: September 2024

We were sitting on a hill in the South of France under the blazing sun
and quietly listening to these words of St Thérèse: ‘I have recognized my
vocation … my vocation is Love … In the heart of the Church I am Love,
c'est l'amour seul qui compte'.
At just that time - so I gathered from letters from home - people
listening to the wireless were shattered to hear desperate appeals coming
through: ‘Help, they are burning everything down… Perhaps we can hold out
another hour, send us help … People of the West, don't let us down … our
last lines are falling … where are you?’ And then quite suddenly the appeals
stopped; there was a terrifying silence.
Simultaneous Hot and Dry Extreme‐Events Increase Wetland Methane Emissions: An Assessment of Compound Extreme‐Event Impacts Using Ameriflux and FLUXNET‐CH4 Site Data Sets
Authors: Lippmann T. J. R. , van der Velde Y. , Naudts K. , Hensgens G. , Vonk J. E. , Dolman H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWetlands are the largest natural source of global atmospheric methane (CH4). Despite advances to our understanding of changes in temperature and precipitation extremes, their impacts on carbon‐rich ecosystems such as wetlands, remain significantly understudied. Here, we quantify the impacts of extreme temperature, precipitation, and dry events on wetland CH4 dynamics by investigating the effects of both compound and discrete extreme‐events. We use long‐term climate data to identify extreme‐events and 45 eddy covariance sites data sets sourced from the FLUXNET‐CH4 database and Ameriflux project to assess impacts on wetland CH4 emissions. These findings reveal that compound hot + dry extreme‐events lead to large increases in daily CH4 emissions. However, per event, discrete dry‐only extreme‐events cause the largest total decrease in CH4 emissions, due to their long duration. Despite dry‐only extreme‐events leading to an overall reduction in CH4 emissions, enhanced fluxes are often observed for the first days of dry‐only extreme‐events. These effects differ depending on wetland type, where marsh sites tend to be sensitive to most types of extreme‐events. Lagged impacts are significant for at least the 12 months following several types of extreme‐events. These findings have implications for understanding how extreme‐event impacts may evolve in the context of climate change, where changes in the frequency and intensity of temperature and precipitation extreme‐events are already observed. With increasing occurrences of enhanced CH4 fluxes in response to hot‐only extreme‐events and hot + wet extreme‐events and fewer occurrences of reduced CH4 fluxes during cold‐only extreme‐events, the impact of wetland CH4 emissions on climate warming may be increasing.
Suprathermal Outflowing H+ Ions in the Lobe Driven by an Interplanetary Shock: 1. An Observation Event
Authors: Wang Chih‐Ping , Mouikis C. G. , Wang Xueyi , Masson Arnaud , Lin Yu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo better understand how sharp changes in the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions affect the ionosphere outflows at high latitudes, we analyze an event observed on 17 July 2002 showing suprathermal (tens to hundreds of eV) outflowing H+ ions in the lobe driven by the impact of an interplanetary (IP) shock. A spacecraft in the lobe at altitudes of ∼6.5 RE first observed enhanced downward DC Poynting fluxes ∼2 min after the shock impact and then, another 8 min later, the appearance of suprathermal outflowing H+ ions as ion beams and ion conics. The increasing downward DC Poynting fluxes and the increasing outflowing H+ fluxes that appeared later were highly correlated because they shared a similar increasing trend with a time scale of ∼5 min. To explain such time delay and correlation, we conclude that a plausible scenario was that the enhanced DC Poynting fluxes reached down to lower altitudes, drove processes to accelerate the pre‐existing polar wind ions to ion beams and ion conics, and then these newly generated suprathermal ions flowed upward to the spacecraft altitudes. This event indicates that an IP shock can drive a significant amount of suprathermal H+ outflows from the polar cap.
Study of Ionospheric Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Based on GOLD Observations
Authors: Zou Jiahao , Li Xing , Ren Zhipeng , Cao Jinbin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUsing peak electron density data from the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) imager, equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) from October 2018 to December 2022 are identified in this paper. The occurrence characteristics of EPBs is statistically analyzed. The results show that EPBs have strong seasonal and longitudinal variations in the range of longitude −60°–0° and magnetic latitude 25° to −20°: (a) The occurrence of EPBs is highest during the spring and autumn equinoxes and lowest during the summer. (b) Equinox asymmetry is found, that the occurrence of EPBs is much higher in autumn than in spring. (c) A peak in the longitudinal distribution of EPBs is observed, with the highest occurrence occurring between −10° and 0° longitude. Additionally, a second peak is evident at −50° longitude in autumn. The GOLD imager is capable of conducting prolonged observations of EPBs in the same region from space, thereby offering a novel perspective on EPBs.
Effects of Tidal Range and Significant Wave Height on Delta Development
Authors: Sloan Ewan , Dodd Nicholas , Briganti Riccardo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOnly around 40% of rivers globally have deltas, but the conditions which inhibit or facilitate river delta formation are not well understood. Many studies have investigated the response of delta development to marine and river conditions. However, few have investigated the limits of such processes beyond which delta formation may be prevented, and none have done so using numerical modeling. This is in part due to ambiguity in the definition of the term “delta,” which can make identification difficult in ambiguous cases. Here we propose a systematic method for identifying deltas, based on: accumulation of sediment above the low tide water level; proximity of such deposits to the initial coastline; and the presence of active channels. We run 42 simulations with identical river and sediment discharges, under combinations of significant wave height and tidal range typical for coasts globally, and determine if/when a delta is formed by this definition. Where deltas do form, we classify four formational regimes—river‐controlled, river/tide‐controlled, wave‐controlled, and wave/tide‐controlled—and discuss the mechanisms of delta development for each regime. Furthermore, we find that, under the discharge conditions considered, delta formation is prevented for combinations of, approximately, significant wave heights of and tidal ranges . We hypothesize that inhibition of delta formation can be explained as a consequence of sufficient marine‐driven alongshore sediment transport. This is tested by deriving a 1D alongshore sediment diffusion equation, and comparing predictions made using this formula to the cross‐shore integrated sediment volumes of the simulations.
Coincident Lake Drainage and Grounding Line Retreat at Engelhardt Subglacial Lake, West Antarctica
Authors: Freer B. I. D. , Marsh O. J. , Fricker H. A. , Hogg A. E. , Siegfried M. R. , Floricioiu D. , Sauthoff W. , Rigby R. , Wilson S. F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAntarctica has an active subglacial hydrological system, with interconnected subglacial lakes fed by subglacial meltwater. Subglacial hydrology can influence basal sliding, inject freshwater into the sub‐ice‐shelf cavity, and impact sediment transport and deposition which can affect the stability of grounding lines (GLs). We used satellite altimetry data from the ICESat, ICESat‐2, and CryoSat‐2 missions to document the second recorded drainage of Engelhardt Subglacial Lake (SLE), which began in July 2021 and discharged more than 2.3 km3 of subglacial water into the Ross Ice Shelf cavity. We used differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry from RADARSAT‐2 and TerraSAR‐X alongside ICESat‐2 repeat‐track laser altimetry (RTLA) and REMA digital elevation model strips to detect 2–13 km of GL retreat since the previous drainage event in 2003–06. Combining these satellite observations, we evaluated the mechanism triggering SLE drainage, the cause of the observed GL retreat, and the interplay between subglacial hydrology and GL dynamics. We find that: (a) SLE drainage was initiated by influx from a newly identified upstream lake; (b) the observed GL retreat is mainly driven by the continued retreat of Engelhardt Ice Ridge and long‐term dynamic thinning that caused a grounded ice plain to reach flotation; and (c) SLE drainage and GL retreat were largely independent. We also discuss the possible origins and influence of a 27 km grounded promontory found to protrude seaward from the GL. Our observations demonstrate the importance of high‐resolution satellite data for improving the process‐based understanding of dynamic and complex regions around the Antarctic Ice Sheet margins.
DeepASD: a deep adversarial-regularized graph learning method for ASD diagnosis with multimodal data
Authors: Chen Wanyi , Yang Jianjun , Sun Zhongquan , Zhang Xiang , Tao Guangyu , Ding Yuan , Gu Jingjun , Bu Jiajun , Wang Haishuai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurological condition with multiple co-occurring comorbidities that seriously affect mental health. Precisely diagnosis of ASD is crucial to intervention and rehabilitation. A single modality may not fully reflect the complex mechanisms underlying ASD, and combining multiple modalities enables a more comprehensive understanding. Here, we propose, DeepASD, an end-to-end trainable regularized graph learning method for ASD prediction, which incorporates heterogeneous multimodal data and latent inter-patient relationships to better understand the pathogenesis of ASD. DeepASD first learns cross-modal feature representations through a multimodal adversarial-regularized encoder, and then constructs adaptive patient similarity networks by leveraging the representations of each modality. DeepASD exploits inter-patient relationships to boost the ASD diagnosis that is implemented by a classifier compositing of graph neural networks. We apply DeepASD to the benchmarking Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) data with four modalities. Experimental results show that the proposed DeepASD outperforms eight state-of-the-art baselines on the benchmarking ABIDE data, showing an improvement of 13.25% in accuracy, 7.69% in AUC-ROC, and 17.10% in specificity. DeepASD holds promise for a more comprehensive insight of the complex mechanisms of ASD, leading to improved diagnosis performance.
Single-cell sequencing analysis of multiple myeloma heterogeneity and identification of new theranostic targets
Authors: Wang Yanpeng , Peng Yuanliang , Yang Chaoying , Xiong Dehui , Wang Zeyuan , Peng Hongling , Wu Xusheng , Xiao Xiaojuan , Liu Jing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous and incurable tumor characterized by the malignant proliferation of plasma cells. It is necessary to clarify the heterogeneity of MM and identify new theranostic targets. We constructed a single-cell transcriptome profile of 48,293 bone marrow cells from MM patients and health donors (HDs) annotated with 7 continuous B lymphocyte lineages. Through CellChat, we discovered that the communication among B lymphocyte lineages between MM and HDs was disrupted, and unique signaling molecules were observed. Through pseudotime analysis, it was found that the differences between MM and HDs were mainly reflected in plasma cells. These differences are primarily related to various biological processes involving mitochondria. Then, we identified the key subpopulation associated with the malignant proliferation of plasma cells. This group of cells exhibited strong proliferation ability, high CNV scores, high expression of frequently mutated genes, and strong glucose metabolic activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential of WNK1 as a target. Our study provides new insights into the development of B cells and the heterogeneity of plasma cells in MM and suggests that WNK1 is a potential therapeutic target for MM.
Inhibiting S-palmitoylation arrests metastasis by relocating Rap2b from plasma membrane in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhu Jiangli , Cao Xize , Chen Zhenshuai , Lai Birou , Xi Lingling , Zhang Jinghang , Zhu Shaohui , Qi Shiqian , Liang Yinming , Cao Fei , Zhou Binhui , Song Yu , Jiang Sheng , Wang Tianyu , Kang Xiaohong , Kong Eryan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRap2b, a proto-oncogene upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC), undergoes protein S-palmitoylation at specific C-terminus sites (C176/C177). These palmitoylation sites are crucial for Rap2b localization on the plasma membrane (PM), as mutation of C176 or C177 results in cytosolic relocation of Rap2b. Our study demonstrates that Rap2b influences cell migration and invasion in CRC cells, independent of proliferation, and this activity relies on its palmitoylation. We identify ABHD17a as the depalmitoylating enzyme for Rap2b, altering PM localization and inhibiting cell migration and invasion. EGFR/PI3K signaling regulates Rap2b palmitoylation, with PI3K phosphorylating ABHD17a to modulate its activity. These findings highlight the potential of targeting Rap2b palmitoylation as an intervention strategy. Blocking the C176/C177 sites using an interacting peptide attenuates Rap2b palmitoylation, disrupting PM localization, and suppressing CRC metastasis. This study offers insights into therapeutic approaches targeting Rap2b palmitoylation for the treatment of metastatic CRC, presenting opportunities to improve patient outcomes.
Evaluating the risk of data loss due to particle radiation damage in a DNA data storage system
Authors: Takahashi Christopher N. , Ward David P. , Cazzaniga Carlo , Frost Christopher , Rech Paolo , Ganguly Kumkum , Blanchard Sean , Wender Steve , Nguyen Bichlien H. , Smith Jake A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDNA data storage is a potential alternative to magnetic tape for archival storage purposes, promising substantial gains in information density. Critical to the success of DNA as a storage media is an understanding of the role of environmental factors on the longevity of the stored information. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of exposure to ionizing particle radiation, a cause of data loss in traditional magnetic media, on the longevity of data in DNA data storage pools. We develop a mass action kinetics model to estimate the rate of damage accumulation in DNA strands due to neutron interactions with both nucleotides and residual water molecules, then utilize the model to evaluate the effect several design parameters of a typical DNA data storage scheme have on expected data longevity. Finally, we experimentally validate our model by exposing dried DNA samples to different levels of neutron irradiation and analyzing the resulting error profile. Our results show that particle radiation is not a significant contributor to data loss in DNA data storage pools under typical storage conditions.
Dual client binding sites in the ATP-independent chaperone SurA
Authors: Schiffrin Bob , Crossley Joel A. , Walko Martin , Machin Jonathan M. , Nasir Khan G. , Manfield Iain W. , Wilson Andrew J. , Brockwell David J. , Fessl Tomas , Calabrese Antonio N. , Radford Sheena E. , Zhuravleva Anastasia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ATP-independent chaperone SurA protects unfolded outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from aggregation in the periplasm of Gram-negative bacteria, and delivers them to the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) for folding into the outer membrane (OM). Precisely how SurA recognises and binds its different OMP clients remains unclear. Escherichia coli SurA comprises three domains: a core and two PPIase domains (P1 and P2). Here, by combining methyl-TROSY NMR, single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET), and bioinformatics analyses we show that SurA client binding is mediated by two binding hotspots in the core and P1 domains. These interactions are driven by aromatic-rich motifs in the client proteins, leading to SurA core/P1 domain rearrangements and expansion of clients from collapsed, non-native states. We demonstrate that the core domain is key to OMP expansion by SurA, and uncover a role for SurA PPIase domains in limiting the extent of expansion. The results reveal insights into SurA-OMP recognition and the mechanism of activation for an ATP-independent chaperone, and suggest a route to targeting the functions of a chaperone key to bacterial virulence and OM integrity.
Epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of dengue fever in China
Authors: Ni Haobo , Cai Xiaoyan , Ren Jiarong , Dai Tingting , Zhou Jiayi , Lin Jiumin , Wang Li , Wang Lingxi , Pei Sen , Yao Yunchong , Xu Ting , Xiao Lina , Liu Qiyong , Liu Xiaobo , Guo Pi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChina has experienced successive waves of dengue epidemics over the past decade. Nationwide data on 95,339 dengue cases, 89 surveillance sites for mosquito density and population mobility between 337 cities during 2013-20 were extracted. Weekly dengue time series including time trends and harmonic terms were fitted using seasonal regression models, and the amplitude and peak timing of the annual and semiannual cycles were estimated. A data-driven model-inference approach was used to simulate the epidemic at city-scale and estimate time-evolving epidemiological parameters. We found that the geographical distribution of dengue cases was expanding, and the main imported areas as well as external sources of imported cases changed. Dengue cases were predominantly concentrated in southern China and it exhibited an annual peak of activity, typically peaking in September. The annual amplitude of dengue epidemic varied with latitude (F = 19.62, P = 0.0001), mainly characterizing by large in southern cities and small in northern cities. The effective reproduction number Reff across cities is commonly greater than 1 in several specific months from July to November, further confirming the seasonal fluctuations and spatial heterogeneity of dengue epidemics. The results of this national study help to better informing interventions for future dengue epidemics in China.