bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Camera‐augmented mobile C‐arm (CamC): A feasibility study of augmented reality imaging in the operating room
Authors: von der Heide Anna Maria , Fallavollita Pascal , Wang Lejing , Sandner Philipp , Navab Nassir , Weidert Simon , Euler Ekkehard 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn orthopaedic trauma surgery, image‐guided procedures are mostly based on fluoroscopy. The reduction of radiation exposure is an important goal. The purpose of this work was to investigate the impact of a camera‐augmented mobile C‐arm (CamC) on radiation exposure and the surgical workflow during a first clinical trial.MethodsApplying a workflow‐oriented approach, 10 general workflow steps were defined to compare the CamC to traditional C‐arms. The surgeries included were arbitrarily identified and assigned to the study. The evaluation criteria were radiation exposure and operation time for each workflow step and the entire surgery. The evaluation protocol was designed and conducted in a single‐centre study.ResultsThe radiation exposure was remarkably reduced by 18 X‐ray shots 46% using the CamC while keeping similar surgery times.ConclusionsThe intuitiveness of the system, its easy integration into the surgical workflow, and its great potential to reduce radiation have been demonstrated.
Real‐time nonlinear moving horizon observer with pre‐estimation for aircraft sensor fault detection and estimation
Authors: Wan Yiming , Keviczky Tamás 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a real‐time nonlinear moving horizon observer (MHO) with pre‐estimation and its application to aircraft sensor fault detection and estimation. An MHO determines the state estimates by minimizing the output estimation errors online, considering a finite sequence of current and past measured data and the available system model. To achieve the real‐time implementability of such an online optimization–based observer, 2 particular strategies are adopted. First, a pre‐estimating observer is embedded to compensate for model uncertainties so that the calculation of disturbance estimates in a standard MHO can be avoided without losing much estimation performance. This strategy significantly reduces the online computational complexity. Second, a real‐time iteration scheme is proposed by performing only 1 iteration of sequential quadratic programming with local Gauss‐Newton approximation to the nonlinear optimization problem. Since existing stability analyses of real‐time moving horizon observers cannot address the incorporation of the pre‐estimating observer, a new stability analysis is performed in the presence of bounded disturbances and noises. Using a nonlinear passenger aircraft benchmark simulator, the simulation results show that the proposed approach achieves a good compromise between estimation performance and computational complexity compared with the extended Kalman filtering and 2 other moving horizon observers.
Changes and predictors of psychological stress among elderly stroke survivors 6 months after hospital discharge
Authors: dos Santos Emanuella Barros , Rodrigues Rosalina Aparecida Partezani , Fhon Jack Roberto Silva , Haas Vanderlei José 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyse the changes in psychological stress and identify its basal predictors among elderly stroke survivors after 6 months following discharge from hospital to home directly, rather than to a rehabilitation facility. The sample comprised 50 elderly stroke survivors. Data were collected at 2 weeks (T1), at 3 months (T2), and at 6 months (T3) after hospital discharge. The following instruments were applied: Perceived Stress Scale—10 items (PSS‐10), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, Functional Independence Measure, and Geriatric Depression Scale—15 items. Study records indicated that the age of the study participants ranged from 60 to 87 years old (mean = 70.3; standard deviation = 7.6). The number of male and female participants was similar. The PSS‐10 score decreased almost 6 points between T1 (mean = 15.1) and T3 (mean = 9.7; p < .001). Both Functional Independence Measure (p = .025) and Geriatric Depression Scale‐15 (p = .017) scores at T1 predicted the PSS‐10 score at T3. The study thus demonstrated that elderly stroke survivors experienced significant stress after hospital discharge, which tended to improve over the next 6 months. Depression and lower functional independence 2 weeks after discharge were predictors of a greater level of psychological stress at 6 months following discharge.
Achieving High Capacitance of Paper‐Like Graphene Films by Adsorbing Molecules from Hydrolyzed Polyimide
Authors: Zhao Yi , Liu Jinzhang , Zheng Dezhi , Wang Bin , Hu Mingjun , Sha Jiangbo , Li Yan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTo date, graphene‐based electric double layer supercapacitors have not shown the remarkable specific capacitance as theoretically predicted. An efficient strategy toward boosting the overall capacitance is to endow graphene with pseudocapacitance. Herein, molecules of hydrolyzed polyimide (HPI) are used to functionalize N‐doped graphene (NG) via π–π interaction and the resulting enhanced electrochemical energy storage is reported. These aromatic molecules in monolayer form on graphene contribute strong pseudocapacitance. Paper‐like NG films with different areal mass loadings ranging from 0.5 to 4.8 mg cm−2 are prepared for supercapacitor electrodes. It is shown that the gravimetric capacitance can be increased by 50–60% after the surface functionalization by HPI molecules. A high specific capacitance of 553 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 is achieved by the HPI‐NG film with a graphene mass loading of 0.5 mg cm−2 in H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. For the HPI‐NG film with highest mass loading, the gravimetric specific capacitance drops to 340 F g−1 while the areal specific capacitance reaches a high value of 1.7 F cm−2. HPI‐NG films are also tested in Li2SO4 aqueous electrolyte, over an extended voltage window of 1.6 V. High specific energy densities up to 40 Wh kg−1 are achieved with the Li2SO4 electrolyte.
Micro/Nanostructured Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries and Capacitors
Authors: Li Feng , Zhou Zhen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHigh‐efficiency energy storage technologies and devices have received considerable attention due to their ever‐increasing demand. Na‐related energy storage systems, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) and sodium ion capacitors (SICs), are regarded as promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage because of the abundant sources and low cost of sodium. In the last decade, many efforts, including structural and compositional optimization, effective modification of available materials, and design and exploration of new materials, have been made to promote the development of Na‐related energy storage systems. In this Review, the latest developments of micro/nanostructured electrode materials for advanced SIBs and SICs, especially the rational design of unique composites with high thermodynamic stabilities and fast kinetics during charge/discharge, are summarized. In addition to the recent achievements, the remaining challenges with respect to fundamental investigations and commercialized applications are discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects of sodium‐based energy storage systems are also described.
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Failure to Adapt to Glucose Shortage and Rapidly Use Intracellular Energy Reserves Through Glycolysis Explains Poor Cell Survival After Implantation
Authors: Moya Adrien , Paquet Joseph , Deschepper Mickael , Larochette Nathanaël , Oudina Karim , Denoeud Cyprien , Bensidhoum Morad , Logeart-Avramoglou Delphine , Petite Hervé 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold considerable promise in tissue engineering (TE). However, their poor survival when exogenously administered limits their therapeutic potential. Previous studies from our group demonstrated that lack of glucose (glc) (but not of oxygen) is fatal to human MSCs because it serves as a pro-survival and pro-angiogenic molecule for human MSCs (hMSCs) upon transplantation. However, which energy-providing pathways MSCs use to metabolize glc upon transplantation? Are there alternative energetic nutrients to replace glc? And most importantly, do hMSCs possess significant intracellular glc reserves for ensuring their survival upon transplantation? These remain open questions at the forefront of TE based-therapies. In this study, we established for the first time that the in vivo environment experienced by hMSCs is best reflected by near-anoxia (0.1% O2) rather than hypoxia (1%–5% O2) in vitro. Under these near-anoxia conditions, hMSCs rely almost exclusively on glc through anerobic glycolysis for ATP production and are unable to use either exogenous glutamine, serine, or pyruvate as energy substrates. Most importantly, hMSCs are unable to adapt their metabolism to the lack of exogenous glc, possess a very limited internal stock of glc and virtually no ATP reserves. This lack of downregulation of energy turnover as a function of exogenous glc level results in a rapid depletion of hMSC energy reserves that explains their poor survival rate. These new insights prompt for the development of glc-releasing scaffolds to overcome this roadblock plaguing the field of TE based-therapies.
Introduction
Authors: Mauger Alice 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Introduction sets out key themes and arguments relating to private, voluntary and public asylum care in nineteenth-century Ireland. It situates the book within exiting scholarship, providing context on Irish and British frameworks. The nine asylums selected as case studies are introduced, along with an explanation of the other sources consulted and methodology used. It includes a discussion of the difficulties in accessing the patient’s view and defining social class in Ireland. Extract:Overall, this book argues that the failure of the nineteenth-century Irish state to provide accommodation for the non-pauper insane when setting up the district asylum system gained public, state and medical recognition, both at national and local level. Fresh and revised legislation and increased centralisation sought to address the challenges of accommodating this social cohort, while the lunacy inspectors, the medical community and the press raised the question of who should be legally, financially and morally accountable. No single solution was reached; instead, the state, philanthropists and private asylum proprietors came to share responsibility. This enabled many families to select between rival sectors of asylum provision. Meanwhile, the emerging psychiatric profession, sometimes sharing a sense of social equality with their paying patients, constructed class-and gender-based readings of their disorders, fashioning treatments and accommodation accordingly. The patients, acutely conscious of their own status and the threat incarceration posed to their social standing, entertained certain expectations of what their care should entail. Ultimately, however, mental illness apparently overtook class identity and often patients themselves threatened to disrupt the social decorum of the institutions in which they resided.
An Institutional Marketplace
Authors: Mauger Alice 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis chapter explores the networks through which boards gathered financial information about patients and their families, their motivations for chasing fees and the inherent difficulties surrounding their negotiation and payment. Historians of psychiatry have long recognised the centrality of families in dialogues with medical and legal authorities during the certification and discharge process. As this chapter reveals, relatives were also crucial mediators in the admission and discharge of paying patients. Families in negotiations with voluntary and private asylums enjoyed comparatively greater influence as both asylum models depended heavily on patient fees. While the managing committees of voluntary asylums struggled to balance providing charity for the ‘respectable’ against attracting a wealthier clientele, private asylum proprietors made their livelihood from profits. Although voluntary asylums were not kept for profit, this chapter contends that by the later nineteenth century, many were forced into competition with private asylums. By the 1890s, this professional competition, together with the depressed economy, had come to inform their strategies for advertising and securing fees. The chapter also provides a comparative analysis of the length and outcome of stay for patients admitted to the nine asylums studied. Overall, this chapter argues that the existence of a ‘mixed economy of care’, particularly after 1870, gave rise to an institutional marketplace for the insane.
‘The Evil Effects of Mental Strain and Overwork’: Employment, Gender and Insanity
Authors: Mauger Alice 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Focusing primarily on the period from 1868 to 1900, this chapter considers the extent to which the social class, gender and occupational profile of fee-paying patients influenced medical and lay identification of the causative factors of their insanity. Analysis of admissions registers is supplemented by a survey of asylum doctors’ casebooks, which cast further light on psychiatric definitions. Lay interpretations are also present in the case notes, where medical personnel recorded information supplied by families, friends and patients. In addition, correspondence written by patients’ friends and relatives provides indications of lay understandings. The chapter argues that asylum doctors in Ireland often constructed gender- as well as class-specific aetiologies for their non-pauper patients: primarily work for men and domesticity for women. Contrary to Britain, ‘alcohol’ was often attributed as a cause of illness, particularly among private asylum patients, reflecting cultural disparities in attitudes towards alcohol consumption on the two islands.
Novel Approach to Treat Uncomplicated Sigmoid Volvulus Combining Minimally Invasive Surgery with Enhanced Recovery, in a Rural Hospital in Zambia
Authors: van der Naald Niels , Prins Marloes I. , Otten Kars , Kumwenda Dayson , Bleichrodt Robert P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimIn sub‐Saharan Africa, sigmoid volvulus is a frequent cause of bowel obstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of acute sigmoid resection and anastomosis via a mini‐laparotomy in patients with uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus, following the principles of “Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)”, in a low‐resource setting.Materials and methodsPatients with uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus were operated acutely, via a mini‐laparotomy, according to the principles of ERAS. Intraoperative complications, duration of operation, morbidity, mortality and length of hospital stay were evaluated, retrospectively.ResultsFrom 1 March 2012 to 1 September 2017, 31 consecutive patients were treated with acute sigmoid resection and anastomosis, via a mini‐laparotomy. There were 29 men and 2 women, median age 57 (range 17–92) years. Patients were operated after a median period of 4 (range 1.5–18) hours. The median duration of the operative procedure was 50 (range 30–105) minutes. Two patients died (6.3%). One patient died during an uncomplicated operation. The cause of death is unknown. One patient with a newly diagnosed HIV infection had an anastomotic dehiscence. After Hartmann’s procedure, he died on the 17th post‐operative day as a result of a HIV‐related double‐sided pneumonia, without signs of abdominal sepsis. One patient had an urinary retention and 1 patient haematuria after bladder catheter insertion.ConclusionAcute sigmoid resection and primary anastomosis via a mini‐laparotomy for uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus, without preoperative endoscopic decompression is a safe procedure with a low morbidity and mortality.
Blunt Cerebrovascular Artery Injury and Stroke in Severely Injured Patients: An International Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Weber Christian D. , Lefering Rolf , Kobbe Philipp , Horst Klemens , Pishnamaz Miguel , Sellei Richard M. , Hildebrand Frank , Pape Hans‐Christoph ,   TraumaRegister DGU
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionBlunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is considered to be a rare entity in patients with high‐energy trauma and is a potentially preventable cause of secondary brain damage. If it occurs, it may be fatal or associated with poor outcomes related to devastating complications. We hypothesized that analyses of epidemiology and concomitant injuries may predict the development of BCVI and associated complications.MethodsThe TraumaRegister DGU® (TR‐DGU), a prospectively maintained database, was used for retrospective data analysis (01/2009–12/2015). Inclusion criteria: adult trauma patients (≥16 years) with severe injuries (ISS ≥ 16 points) with and without BCVI. Subgroups: carotid artery injury (CAI) and vertebral artery injury (VAI). The degree of vascular injury was classified according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale values. Demographic, injury, therapy and outcome characteristic data (length of stay, stroke, multiple organ failure and mortality) were collected and analyzed for each patient with SPSS statistics (Version 23, IBM Inc., Armonk, NY).ResultsOut of 76,480 individuals, a total of 786 patients with BCVI (1%) were identified. The 435 CAI patients included 263 dissections, 78 pseudoaneurysms and 94 bilateral injuries. The 383 VAI patients presented with 198 dissections, 43 pseudoaneurysms, 122 thrombotic occlusions and 20 bilateral injuries. The risk for stroke was excessive in BCVI patients versus controls (11.5 vs. 1.1%, p < 0.001) and increased with vascular injury severity, up to 24.1% in CAI patients and 30.0% in VAI patients. We confirmed that cervical spine injuries were a major BCVI predictor (OR 6.46, p < 0.001, 95% CI 5.34–7.81); furthermore, high‐energy mechanisms (OR 1.79), facial fractures (OR 1.56) and general injury severity (OR 1.05) were identified as independent predictors. Basilar skull fractures (BSF) were found with comparable frequency (p = 0.63) in both groups, and the predictive value was found to be insignificant (OR 1.1, p = 0.36, 95% CI 0.89–1.37). Age ≥ 60 years was associated with a decreased risk for BCVI (OR 0.54, p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.45–0.65); however, in BCVI patients over 60 years of age, mortality was excessive (OR 4.33, p < 0.001, 95% CI 2.40–7.80). Even after adjusting for head injuries, BCVI‐associated stroke remained a significant risk factor for mortality (OR 2.52, p < 0.001, 95% CI 1.13–5.62).ConclusionOur data validated cervical spine injuries as a major predictor, but the predictive value of BSF must be scrutinized. Patient age appears to play a contradictory role in BCVI risk and BCVI‐associated mortality. Predicting which patients will develop BCVI remains an ongoing challenge, especially since many patients do not present with concomitant injuries of the head or spine and therefore might not be captured by standard screening criteria.
Associations Between the Prognostic Nutritional Index and Morbidity/Mortality During Intestinal Resection in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Chohno Teruhiro , Uchino Motoi , Sasaki Hirofumi , Bando Toshihiro , Takesue Yoshio , Ikeuchi Hiroki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundOnodera’s prognostic nutritional index (O‐PNI) is a well‐known predictor of the prognosis of several surgeries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between O‐PNI and surgical outcome during surgery for ulcerative colitis (UC).MethodsThis was a single‐institution retrospective cohort study conducted in the Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease at Hyogo College of Medicine, Japan. The preoperative predictive factors associated with mortality, morbidity, and pouch‐related complications (PRCs) were examined separately from surgical procedure.ResultsA total of 1151 patients with UC who underwent surgery between January 2000 and December 2015 were included. Total colectomy (TC) alone, ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA) with ileostomy, and IPAA without ileostomy were performed in 254 patients, 736 patients, and 161 patients, respectively. Mortality and morbidity were found in nine (0.8%) and 320 (27.8%) patients, respectively. The median O‐PNI score was 22.6 in patients with mortality and 35.6 in patients without mortality among TC alone (p < 0.01). The significant predictive factors for mortality among TC alone were older age [p = 0.03, odds ratio (OR) 6.8], higher C‐reactive protein (p = 0.02, OR 14.5), and O‐PNI < 24.9 (p = 0.04, OR 5.6). Among IPAA with ileostomy, an American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥3 (p = 0.01, OR 2.3), prednisolone (PSL) dosage just before surgery ≥14 mg/day (p = 0.04, OR 1.8), and O‐PNI < 35.5 (p < 0.01, OR 2.1) were predictors of PRCs. O‐PNI did not predict PRCs among IPAA without ileostomy.ConclusionLower O‐PNI may predict the prognosis in patients with UC. O‐PNI may be a useful indicator for decision‐making regarding surgical timing and procedure.
The thin line between protection and conviction: Experiences with child protection services and later criminal convictions among a population of adolescents☆
Authors: Alain Marc , Marcotte Julie , Desrosiers Julie , Turcotte Daniel , Lafortune Denis 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTRelying on official data provided by the Québec City Youth Center, Canada, we explore the nature and intensity of officially known criminality for all youth (N = 5399) found guilty under the provisions of the Youth Criminal Justice Act between 2003 and 2012 and assess the relationship between criminality and previous episodes of child maltreatment. This article proposes to further verify the general hypothesis stating that there are empirical links between these two phenomena. The results suggest that those youth victims of specific types of child maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse) seem to be found guilty of criminal acts that are significantly in line with these earlier episodes of maltreatment. These results might help to prevent potential occurrences of such a phenomenon and also contributes to the ongoing development of psychological and criminological theories assessing why and to what extent a child victim of maltreatment might later commit criminal offenses.