bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart molecular probes with controllable photophysical property for smart medicine
Authors: Kang Xiaoying , Du Zekun , Yang Shuxuan , Liang Mengyun , Liu Qian , Qi Ji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrecision medicine calls for advanced theranostics that integrate controllable diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities into one platform for disease treatment in the early stage. Phototheranostics such as fluorescence imaging (FLI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT) have attracted considerable attention in recent years, which mainly employ different excited‐state energy dissipation pathways of a chromophore. According to the Jablonski diagram, FLI is related to the radiative process, PAI and PTT are derived from the nonradiative thermal deactivation, and PDT originates from the triplet state energy, in which these processes are usually competitive. Therefore, it is critically important to precisely tune the photophysical energy transformation processes to realize certain diagnosis and treatment properties in optimal state for boosting biomedical applications. Currently, there are mainly two strategies including chemical structure and aggregate behavior changes that relate to the regulation of excited state energy dissipation. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances of smart molecular probes that the photophysical properties can be regulated by external triggers and their applications in biomedical fields. We will summarize the development of activatable phototheranostic molecular probes in response to stimuli such as reactive oxygen species, pH, light, hypoxia, enzyme and gas. The assembly and disassembly of molecular aggregates that greatly affect the photophysical energy transformation processes will also be highlighted. This review aims to provide valuable insights into the development of more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic systems, thereby advancing the emerging field of smart medicine.
Effect of Dynamic Ultra‐High Pressure Microfluidization on the Properties of Potato Starch Fat Mimetics
Authors: Li Mingyuan , Yong Yaping , Zheng Ying , Hao Suying , Wu Jinhong , Yang Xiaoqing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDynamic ultra‐high pressure microfluidization technology is employed to enhance the application of common enzymatic hydrolysis potato starch (PS)‐based fat mimetic through ultrafine particle treatment. The individual effects of treatment pressure, repetition, and feed concentration on the particle size and polymer dispersion index (PDI) of the resulting ultrafine PS‐based fat mimetics are assessed using PS‐based fat mimetics with a dextrose equivalent (DE) value of 2.4. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of the PS‐based fat mimetics obtained before and after ultrafine treatment are compared. The results indicate that the optimum ultra‐micronization parameters are subject to ten treatments at 200 MPa with a feed concentration of 3%. The optimal ultrafine fat mimetic has an average particle size of 532.40 nm and a PDI of 0.448, in comparison to enzymatically hydrolyzed fat mimics. Compared with the enzymatically hydrolyzed PS‐based fat mimetic, the oil‐holding capacity, emulsification index (E1), and emulsion stability index are improved, while the apparent viscosity, transparency, and retrogradation decrease in the fat mimetic obtained under the optimal ultra‐micronization treatment. The optimal treatment not only alters the surface morphology of the PS‐based fat mimetic particles but also significantly decreases the particle size and the number of spherical particles, with the underlying chemical structure remaining unaffected.
Who are the green transition experts? Towards a new research agenda on climate change knowledge
Authors: Frandsen Søren Lund , Hasselbalch Jacob A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExperts play a significant role in shaping global and local norms on how societies should respond to the climate crisis. However, current scholarship on the relationship between expertise and climate change has not fully addressed recent transformations in the field, specifically the emergence and increasingly influential role of what we term “green transition expertise.” We define green transition expertise as a more applied, normative, and contextual form of climate change knowledge that is contrasted with the formalized, pure science of “climate expertise.” If climate experts assess the deteriorating state of the global climate, then transition experts tell states and corporations what they should do about it. We argue that if the social science of climate change knowledge is to further deepen its grasp of the politics of the green transition analytically and normatively, it must embrace a “post‐IPCC” research agenda that turns increasingly toward studying the power of transition experts in directing state and corporate climate action. Based on a review of the literature, we contrast the extant IPCC agenda with an emerging post‐IPCC agenda along three dimensions: expert cast (who are the experts?), expert content (what do they know?) and expert context (where are they located?). By marking a shift in each of these dimensions, the post‐IPCC agenda sensitizes the social science of climate change knowledge to overlooked and increasingly powerful forms of experts and expertise. To facilitate their study, we define six specific areas that require detailed attention as the post‐IPCC agenda develops.This article is categorized under:
The Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
Policy and Governance > National Climate Change Policy
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and Knowledge
Integral practices anchoring leadershape's program curriculum
Authors: Mendizabal Juan C. , Young Kristen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article explores how the leadership learning framework can scaffold leadership development training toward meaningful, observable change. This change occurs when students have opportunities to take their existing leadership knowledge and combine it with new information to increase their leadership metacognition both conceptually and in practice. To bring these concepts to reality, we provide examples of the philosophies and priorities influencing LeaderShape's curriculum design. Examining core curricular themes of identity development, technology, and process‐based learning, the authors share the rationale for implementation. They also provide suggestions for leadership operationalization based on LeaderShape's most utilized training programs, all grounded in critical elements of the LLF.
Moving Toward Evidence‐Based Care: Measuring Preferences in Zoo‐Housed Aquatic Turtles Using 24‐h Remote Monitoring
Authors: O'Brien Shannon L. , Koenig Spencer , Cronin Katherine A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTProviding evidence‐based care to animals is a common goal in zoos and aquariums. However, there are many understudied species with a lack of information available, which may result in suboptimal care for individuals of these species. Using preference tests to ask individual animals what they want can be an effective means to enhance their care, and subsequently, their welfare. Using 24‐h remote monitoring, we assessed substrate, enclosure feature, and lighting preferences of five aquatic turtles (two wood turtles, one Blanding's turtle, and two spotted turtles) that share an indoor enclosure at Lincoln Park Zoo. In addition, we compared enclosure feature and lighting preferences between winter and summer to determine whether the turtles had changing seasonal preferences despite being housed indoors. We found that the wood turtles and Blanding's turtle had substrate preferences, whereas the spotted turtles did not. In addition, we found that the turtles' enclosure feature preferences were consistent between winter and summer, but the amount of time spent on land, logs, and in water varied by individual. Finally, we found that the turtles utilized areas with ambient lighting more than areas with a heat lamp or UV lamp; this was consistent between winter and summer. The turtle preferences observed in this study can contribute to the development of care strategies that support their welfare and, in turn, may inspire similar preference studies at other institutions as we collectively advance toward providing animals of all taxonomic groups with evidence‐based care.
Mapping rust resistance in European winter wheat: many QTLs for yellow rust resistance, but only a few well characterized genes for stem rust resistance
Authors: Miedaner Thomas , Eckhoff Wera , Flath Kerstin , Schmitt Anne-Kristin , Schulz Philipp , Schacht Johannes , Boeven Philipp , Akel Wessam , Kempf Hubert , Gruner Paul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Key message
Stem rust resistance was mainly based on a few, already known resistance genes; for yellow rust resistance there was a combination of designated genes and minor QTLs.

Abstract
Yellow rust (YR) caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) and stem rust (SR) caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) are among the most damaging wheat diseases. Although, yellow rust has occurred regularly in Europe since the advent of the Warrior race in 2011, damaging stem rust epidemics are still unusual. We analyzed the resistance of seven segregating populations at the adult growth stage with the parents being selected for YR and SR resistances across three to six environments (location–year combinations) following inoculation with defined Pst and Pgt races. In total, 600 progenies were phenotyped and 563 were genotyped with a 25k SNP array. For SR resistance, three major resistance genes (Sr24, Sr31, Sr38/Yr17) were detected in different combinations. Additional QTLs provided much smaller effects except for a gene on chromosome 4B that explained much of the genetic variance. For YR resistance, ten loci with highly varying percentages of explained genetic variance (pG, 6–99%) were mapped. Our results imply that introgression of new SR resistances will be necessary for breeding future rust resistant cultivars, whereas YR resistance can be achieved by genomic selection of many of the detected QTLs.
Immune microenvironmental heterogeneity according to tumor DNA methylation phenotypes in microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancers
Authors: Kim Jung Ho , Hong Jiyun , Lee Ji Ae , Jung Minsun , Choi Eunwoo , Cho Nam-Yun , Kang Gyeong Hoon , Kim Sangwoo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe detailed association between tumor DNA methylation, including CpG island methylation, and tumor immunity is poorly understood. CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is observed typically in sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs) with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). Here, we investigated the differential features of the tumor immune microenvironment according to CIMP status in MSI-H CRCs. CIMP-high (CIMP-H) or CIMP-low/negative (CIMP-L/0) status was determined using MethyLight assay in 133 MSI-H CRCs. All MSI-H CRCs were subjected to digital pathology-based quantification of CD3 + /CD8 + /CD4 + /FoxP3 + /CD68 + /CD204 + /CD177 + tumor-infiltrating immune cells using whole-slide immunohistochemistry. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry was evaluated using the tumor proportion score (TPS) and combined positive score (CPS). Representative cases were analyzed using whole-exome and RNA-sequencing. In 133 MSI-H CRCs, significantly higher densities of CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were observed in CIMP-H tumors compared with CIMP-L/0 tumors. PD-L1 TPS and CPS in CIMP-H tumors were higher than in CIMP-L/0 tumors. Next-generation sequencing revealed that, compared with CIMP-L/0 tumors, CIMP-H tumors had higher fractions of CD8 + T cells/cytotoxic lymphocytes, higher cytolytic activity scores, and activated immune-mediated cell killing pathways. In contrast to CIMP-L/0 tumors, most CIMP-H tumors were identified as consensus molecular subtype 1, an immunogenic transcriptomic subtype of CRC. However, there were no differences in tumor mutational burden (TMB) between CIMP-H and CIMP-L/0 tumors in MSI-H CRCs. In conclusion, CIMP-H is associated with abundant cytotoxic CD8 + TILs and PD-L1 overexpression independent of TMB in MSI-H CRCs, suggesting that CIMP-H tumors represent a typical immune-hot subtype and are optimal candidates for immunotherapy in MSI-H tumors.
Assessment of stress level and depression among orthopaedic surgeons in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aljuhani Wazzan S. , Aljaafri Ziad A. , Alhadlaq Khalid H. , Alanazi Abdullah M. , Alhadlaq Abdulrahman K. , Alaqeel Meshal K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the stress level and depression among orthopaedic surgeons in Saudi Arabia. In addition, to evaluate orthopedic training programs related factors that might have a critical role in the development of depression among orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods
The study adopted a cross-sectional study design. Two validated questionnaires were utilized, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) for assessing depressive symptoms and stress levels. Data was collected by sending the survey to the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties so they could be distributed throughout all registered orthopaedic surgeons.

Results
The study sample consisted of 325 participants. The results revealed that the severity of depression varied across the different groups. As per the PHQ-9 criteria, 74 (22.8%) were initially diagnosed with major depression. Among assistant consultants, 39.5% reported severe depression, while 34.9% reported mild depression. Consultants predominantly reported moderate perceived stress (82.9%) with a notable proportion experiencing high perceived stress (12.4%). Assistant consultants showed a balanced distribution, with 93.0% reporting moderate perceived stress and 4.7% reporting high perceived stress. Demographic variables gender, relationship status and having children revealed statistically significant relationship with PHQ-9 scores (p-value < 0.05) but not with PSS-10 scores.

Conclusion
The study highlights pressing need to address mental health concerns within orthopaedic surgeons. To address these challenges, healthcare institutions should implement comprehensive mental health support programs offering resources for stress management, counseling services, and peer support groups.
Competency in invasion science: addressing stagnation challenges by promoting innovation and creative thinking
Authors: Haubrock Phillip J. , Kurtul Irmak , Macêdo Rafael L. , Mammola Stefano , Franco Ana Clara S. , Soto Ismael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn today’s ever-evolving scientific landscape, invasion science faces a plethora of challenges, such as terminological inconsistency and the rapidly growing literature corpus with few or incomplete syntheses of knowledge, which may be perceived as a stagnation in scientific progress. We explore the concept of ‘competency’, which is extensively debated across disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, and linguistics. Traditionally, it is associated with attributes that enable superior performance and continuous ingenuity. We propose that the concept of competency can be applied to invasion science as the ability to creatively and critically engage with global challenges. For example, competency may help develop innovative strategies for understanding and managing the multifaceted, unprecedented challenges posed by the spread and impacts of non-native species, as well as identifying novel avenues of inquiry for management. Despite notable advancements and the exponential increase in scholarly publications, invasion science still encounters obstacles such as insufficient interdisciplinary collaboration paralleled by a lack of groundbreaking or actionable scientific advancements. To enhance competency in invasion science, a paradigm shift is needed. This shift entails fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, nurturing creative and critical thinking, and establishing a stable and supportive environment for early career researchers, thereby promoting the emergence of competency and innovation. Embracing perspectives from practitioners and decision makers, alongside diverse disciplines beyond traditional ecological frameworks, can further add novel insights and innovative methodologies into invasion science. Invasion science must also address the ethical implications of its practices and engage the public in awareness and education programs. Such initiatives can encourage a more holistic understanding of invasions, attracting and cultivating competent minds capable of thinking beyond conventional paradigms and contributing to the advancement of the field in a rapidly changing world.
Confidence bounds for compound Poisson process
Authors: Skarupski Marek , Wu Qinhao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe compound Poisson process (CPP) is a common mathematical model for describing many phenomena in medicine, reliability theory and risk theory. However, in the case of low-frequency phenomena, we are often unable to collect a sufficiently large database to conduct analysis. In this article, we focused on methods for determining confidence intervals for the rate of the CPP when the sample size is small. Based on the properties of process parameter estimators, we proposed a new method for constructing such intervals and compared it with other known approaches. In numerical simulations, we used synthetic data from several continuous and discrete distributions. The case of CPP, in which rewards came from exponential distribution, was discussed separately. The recommendation of how to use each method to have a more precise confidence interval is given. All simulations were performed in R version 4.2.1.
From melt- to crystal-rich magmatic systems during rift localization: Insights from mineral chemistry in Central Afar (Ethiopia)
Authors: Tortelli Gianmaria , Gioncada A. , Pagli C. , Braschi E. , Gebru E. F. , Keir D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMagmatism plays a key role in accommodating and localizing extension during continental breakup. However, how the crustal magmatic systems evolve at the continental-ocean transition is poorly understood. We address these questions by studying the evolution of the magmatic system in the rift of Central Afar (Ethiopia), currently marking the transition from continental rifting to oceanic spreading. We focus on the voluminous and widespread Upper Stratoid Series (2.6–1.1 Ma) and the following Central Afar Gulf Series (1.1–0.6 Ma), the latter corresponding to localization of volcanism in narrow magmatic segments. We carried out the first systematic study of major and trace element mineral chemistry for these two Series and integrated it with geothermobarometry estimates and geochemical modeling, to reconstruct the evolution of the magmatic system architecture during rift localization. The Upper Stratoid magmas evolved by fractional crystallization in a melt-rich, moderately zoned, middle-lower crustal (10–18 km) magmatic system, from where they rose directly to the surface. Polybaric plagioclase convection and dissolution of a plagioclase-rich crystal mush is recorded in the phenocryst texture and chemistry. The Central Afar Gulf magmas evolved at similar depth in a more complex and dynamic storage system, with magma rising and mixing through multiple, relatively small, crystal-rich and interconnected reservoirs. Our study documents the transition during the continental breakup, from an overall stable and melt-rich magmatic system feeding the voluminous and homogeneous Upper Stratoid eruptions to a more dynamic, interconnected and crystal-rich situation feeding small-volume eruption while the rift localizes.
Endometrial carcinomas with ambiguous histology often harbor TP53 mutations
Authors: Davidson Ben , Teien Lande Karin , Nebdal Daniel , Nesbakken Anne Jorunn , Holth Arild , Lindemann Kristina , Zahl Eriksson Ane Gerda , Sørlie Therese 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to characterize the molecular features of endometrial carcinomas with ambiguous histology. Eighteen carcinomas that could not be conclusively typed based on morphology and immunohistochemistry underwent analysis of mismatch repair (MMR) status, microsatellite status, and whole-exome sequencing. None of the tumors had pathogenic POLE mutation. Twelve tumors (67%) were microsatellite stable, and 6 (33%) had microsatellite instability. Fourteen tumors (78%) harbored TP53 mutations, and 2 (11%) had mutations in MMR genes. Eleven carcinomas (61%) were classified as copy number high and 7 (39%) as MSI-hypermutated, the latter including 3 tumors with TP53 mutation who concomitantly had MSI or mutation in a MMR gene. Other mutations that were found in > 1 tumor affected MUC16 (7 tumors), PIK3CA (6 tumors), PPP2R1A (6 tumors), ARID1A (5 tumors), PTEN (5 tumors), FAT1 (4 tumors), FAT4 (3 tumors), BRCA2 (2 tumors), ERBB2 (2 tumors), FBXW7 (2 tumors), MET (2 tumors), MTOR (2 tumors), JAK1 (2 tumors), and CSMD3 (2 tumors). At the last follow-up (median = 68.6 months), 8 patients had no evidence of disease, 1 patient was alive with disease, 8 patients were dead of disease, and 1 patient died of other cause. In conclusion, based on this series, the molecular landscape of endometrial carcinomas with ambiguous histology is dominated by TP53 mutations and the absence of POLE mutations, with heterogeneous molecular profile with respect to other genes. A high proportion of these tumors is clinically aggressive.
Explainable AI model for PDFMal detection based on gradient boosting model
Authors: Elattar Mona , Younes Ahmed , Gad Ibrahim , Elkabani Islam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPortable document formats (PDFs) are widely used for document exchange due to their widespread usage and versatility. However, PDFs are highly vulnerable to malware attacks, which pose significant security risks. Existing defense mechanisms often struggle to effectively detect and mitigate these threats, highlighting the need for more robust solutions. This paper introduces a robust framework that uses advanced tree-based ensemble models to detect malicious PDFs using the Evasive-PDFMal2022 dataset. The proposed model achieves a recall rate of 100%, an accuracy rate of 99.95%, and a fast inference time of 0.1723 s. Furthermore, the framework exhibits minimal false positive and false negative rates, ensuring a high level of precision in distinguishing between malicious and benign PDFs. Shapley additive explanations are used to improve the interpretability and reliability of the model’s predictions. The results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed model in improving PDF document security and addressing the challenges posed by malware attacks.