bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Variation in Natural Source Zone Depletion Rates at a Former Oil Refinery
Authors: Eichert J. , McAlexander B. , Lyverse M. , Michalski P. , Sihota N. 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
Natural source zone depletion rate spatial variability aligns with historical release areas.
The sitewide average NSZD rate is adequately characterized with radiocarbon correction.
NSZD rate temporal variability correlates with air temperature and precipitation.
Dynamic closed chambers, concentration gradient method, and CO2 traps show discrepancies.
Discrepancies in methods are related to parameter sensitivity, measurement time frame, and radiocarbon sampling.
Understanding the implications of vadose zone processes across spatial and temporal scales is challenging. At petroleum release sites, biodegradation of hydrocarbon compounds contributes to biogeochemical cycling through natural source zone depletion (NSZD). Considerable gaps remain in characterization at large sites. An evaluation of NSZD rates at a >80‐ha decommissioned oil refinery was conducted using a dynamic closed chamber (DCC). Across the site, we characterized spatial variability and compared radiocarbon (14C) and background‐corrected NSZD rate estimates. At a high‐resolution (0.5‐ha) area, temporal variability in NSZD rate estimates was characterized and a method comparison was conducted for DCC, the concentration gradient method (CGM), and CO2 traps. The spatial variability of sitewide NSZD rates was significantly different from smear zone thickness, suggesting that additonal factors affect NSZD variability at a sitewide scale. The estimated sitewide average NSZD rate using the location‐specific 14C correction was significantly different from the average by the background correction method (1.2 vs. 3.0 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, respectively). In the high‐resolution area, NSZD rates estimated by DCC varied temporally across seasonal and daily time scales. Higher temperatures were correlated with increased NSZD, and precipitation was important in dampening effluxes following rain events. The method comparison identified high sensitivity of the CGM vs. the other methods to input parameters, while CO2 traps showed relatively high intersample variability. Possible limitations to DCC, including measurement timeframe and 14C sampling method, were considered. The findings assist in setting NSZD expectations at other large sites.
Scales of Water Retention Dynamics Observed in Eroded Luvisols from an Arable Postglacial Soil Landscape
Authors: Herbrich Marcus , Gerke Horst H. 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
Hysteretic, seasonal, and interannual soil water retention dynamics were identified.
Hydraulic functions for each drying and wetting event were described separately.
Shorter term dynamics indicated soil structural and wettability changes.
Longer term dynamics reflected soil management and erosion history.
For each timescale, different processes control water retention dynamics.
Soil water retention is frequently described by unique main drying curves measured in the laboratory on intact soil cores. In the field, however, soil pore structure changes as a result of swelling and shrinkage, wetting and drying, or tillage operations. For erosion‐affected arable soils characterized by truncated profiles, water retention dynamics could be even more complex. The objective of this study was to separate shorter term hysteretic from longer term seasonal dynamics in field‐measured water retention data of eroded Luvisols. Soil water content and matric potential data were from tensiometers and time‐domain reflectometry sensors of six lysimeter soil monoliths from two sites. For 2012 through 2014, drying and wetting periods were identified and fitted with the van Genuchten (VG) retention function. The results confirmed that drying water retention curves were steeper than those obtained in the laboratory. Steepness increased and fitted VG parameter values of saturated water content decreased within seasons, indicating that rewetting rates successively declined after each dry–wet cycle. Drying water retention curves returned to a similar level in each spring except for soils of transferred monoliths, where drying water retention tended to increase. Results suggested that water retention dynamics of eroded Luvisols was affected by continual incorporation of subsoil material in the Ap horizon and crop management practices in addition to hysteresis and seasonal dynamics. The disentangling of dry–wet cycles from time series of soil water content and matric potential was found useful for identifying the processes responsible for water retention dynamics and could eventually help improve flow and transport models.
Upscaling Capillary Pressure–Saturation Functions Using Different Reference Pressure Elevations
Authors: Cheng Chu-Lin , Cropper S. Clark , Perfect Edmund , McKay Larry , Kang Misun 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
The BC‐vG Upscaler predicts the drainage of porous media of different heights.
The default reference pressure elevation (RPE) is the middle of the porous medium.
Predicted drainage functions deviate from observed functions as height increases.
A top RPE improves accuracy of predicted drainage functions regardless of height.
Choice of reference pressure elevation (RPE) on average effective saturation–capillary pressure functions, 〈〉(ψ), was investigated for monotonic drainage of homogeneous porous media. Nine columns of Flint sand with heights ranging from 4.3 to 55.0 cm were prepared. Measured 〈〉(ψ) functions were determined gravimetrically using the hanging water column method. Predicted 〈〉(ψ) functions were obtained by upscaling point function parameters determined by neutron radiographic imaging of a single drainage experiment. Bottom and midpoint RPEs resulted in the inaccurate parameterization of 〈〉(ψ) functions for tall columns. A top RPE produced accurate upscaled functions for all column heights. To evaluate the overall performance of this RPE, observed effective saturations for the nine columns were linearly regressed against predicted values. The resulting best‐fit model (slope = 0.98; intercept = 0.03; R2 = 0.98) corresponded closely to a 1:1 line. The van Genuchten (vG) α and n parameters for the observed and predicted 〈〉(ψ) functions decreased with increasing column height. A power model explained >95% of the variance in the predicted vG parameters and between 69 and 78% of the variance in the observed vG parameters. The lower R2 values for the observed parameter models were attributed to experimental variation among the nine columns, whereas the predicted parameter models were upscaled from a single column. Despite these differences, the magnitudes and height dependencies of the observed and predicted average vG parameters were similar. For tall columns, the RPE should be established at the top for drainage experiments and at the bottom for wetting experiments.
Colloidal Stability and Mobility of Extracellular Polymeric Substance Amended Hematite Nanoparticles
Authors: Narvekar Sneha Pradip , Ritschel Thomas , Totsche Kai Uwe 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) sorb to hematite nanoparticle surfaces.
High EPS loadings on hematite cause an increase in colloidal stability.
Hematite is immobilized in glass bead porous media during transport.
Colloidally stable EPS–hematite associates are mobile in glass bead porous media.
Colloidal stability and the mobility of mineral nanoparticles largely depend on the properties of the nanoparticle surface. Thus, any modification of the surface due to adsorption will alter the fate of nanoparticles in the environment. In this study, we explored the effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the colloidal stability and the mobility of hematite nanoparticles (HNP). Hematite nanoparticles were amended with increasing concentrations of EPS (20, 200, and 500 mg L−1 C) that resulted in EPS‐C to HNP‐Fe mass ratios of 1:5, 2:1, and 5:1 (HNP 1:5, HNP 2:1, and HNP 5:1). With increasing EPS loadings, the isoelectric point of the EPS–HNP associates shifted from 9.8 (pure HNP without EPS) to ?2 (HNP 5:1), resulting in an aggregation of HNP 1:5 with an isoelectric point near the solution pH of 7. In NaCl solution, both the aggregation kinetics and the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) increased with increasing loadings of EPS. Conversely, in CaCl2 solution, the CCC decreased with increasing EPS loadings due to the formation of Ca bridges. The mobility of pure HNP and EPS–HNP associates was explored with transport experiments in closed‐flow mode at neutral pH in a porous medium made of glass beads. Pure HNP were colloidally stable but completely retained in the porous medium due to strong electrostatic interactions between the HNP and the glass surfaces. In contrast, for colloidally stable EPS–HNP associates (HNP 2:1 and HNP 5:1), a persistent mobile fraction and surface attachment was observed. This highlights that EPS association promotes mobility of HNP that were otherwise rendered immobile.
Moving particle semi-implicit method with improved pressures stability properties
Authors: Arami Fadafan Masoud , Hessami Kermani Masoud-Reza 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMoving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method is one of the Lagrangian methods widely used in engineering issues. This method, however, suffers from unphysical oscillations in its original form. In the present study, a modified incompressible MPS method is proposed to suppress these oscillations and is used for simulating free surface problems. To demonstrate the stability of the presented method, different kernel functions are used in the case of numerical dam break modeling as a benchmark simulation. A simple form of definition of curved wall boundaries is suggested which eliminates dummy particles and subsequently saves CPU time. Flow over an ogee spillway is simulated for the first time with the I-MPS method and as a new test case which has several curved lines in its geometry. The comparisons between theoretical solutions/experimental data and simulation results in terms of free surface and pressure show the accuracy of the method.
Pengaruh Pendekatan Brain-Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis dan Self-Efficacy Siswa SMA
Authors: Sukoco Heru , Mahmudi Ali 
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh pembelajaran dengan pendekatan Brain-Based Learning (BBL) terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis (KKMAT) dan self-efficacy siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu menggunakan desain grup kontrol tidak secara acak dengan pemberian tes awal dan tes akhir. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Jetis Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pada semester kedua tahun ajaran 2012/2013 yang terdiri atas tiga kelas. Dua kelas dipilih sebagai sampel penelitian, yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes KKMAT dan skala self-efficacy. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji t dan uji multivariat (MANOVA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan pendekatan BBL berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan self-efficacy siswa.Kata Kunci: Pendekatan Brain-Based Learning, kemampuan komunikasi matematis, self-efficacy The Effect of Brain-Based Learning Approach toward the Mathematical Communication Ability and Self-Efficacy of Senior High School Students AbstractThis study aimed to describe the effect of the instruction using Brain-Based Learning Approach (BBLA) toward students’ mathematical communication ability (MCA) and self-efficacy. This study adopted a pretest-posttest nonrandomized control group design in a quasi-experimental setting. The population comprised all students grade XI IPA of SMA Negeri 1 Jetis D. I. Yogyakarta in the second semester of the academic year 2012/2013 consisting of three classes. Two classes were selected as the research sample, namely experimental class and control class. The instruments of the study were a test of MCA and scale of self-efficacy. The data were analized using the one sample t test and MANOVA test. The findings of the study show that the instruction using BBLA has an effect on students’ mathematical communication ability and self-efficacy.Keywords: Brain-Based Learning Approach (BBLA), mathematical communication ability, self-efficacy
Keefektifan pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing dengan budaya lokal ditinjau dari prestasi dan motivasi belajar
Authors: Ulfah Maria 
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan keefektifan pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing, pembelajaran dengan budaya lokal, dan pembelajaran konvensional dalam pembelajaran matematika ditinjau dari prestasi dan motivasi belajar; (2) mendeskripsikan ada tidaknya perbedaan keefektifan ketiga metode pembelajaran tersebut; (3) mendeskripsikan pembelajaran mana yang lebih efektif diantara pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing dan pembelajaran dengan budaya lokal dalam pembelajaran matematika ditinjau dari prestasi dan motivasi belajar. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen semu dengan rancangan non equivalent group design menggunakan dua kelompok eksperimen. Populasi penelitian semua siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 4 dan SMK Negeri 6 Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing, pembelajaran menggunakan budaya lokal, serta pembelajaran konvensional tidak efektif ditinjau dari prestasi dan motivasi belajar; (2) terdapat perbedaan keefektifan yang signifikan antara pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing, pembelajaran dengan budaya lokal, dan pembelajaran konvensional dalam pembelajaran matematika ditinjau dari prestasi dan motivasi belajar; (3) pembelajaran menggunakan budaya lokal lebih efektif daripada pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing ditinjau dari prestasi dan motivasi belajar.Kata Kunci: pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing, budaya local, prestasi dan motivasi belajar. The effectivnees of the guided discovery learning with local culture in tearm of students achievement and motivation AbstractThis study aimed to: (1) describe the effectiveness of guided discovery learning, local cultural learning, and conventional learning in terms of students’ achievement and motivation; (2) describe wether there was difference of effectiveness among the three methods; and (3) describe learning method which was more effective between guided discovery learning and local cultural learning in terms of students’ achievement and motivation. This study was a quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent group design using two experimental groups. The study population were all grade X students of SMKN 4 and SMKN 6 Yogyakarta. Instruments used were in the form of achievement tests and questionnaires. The results show that: (1) guided discovery learning, local cultural learning, and conventional learning were not effective in terms of students’ achievement and motivation;( 2) there were differences significantly in the effectiveness between guided discovery learning, local cultural learning, and conventional learning; and (3) local cultural learning was more effective than guided discovery learning in terms of students’ achievement and motivation.Keywords: guided discovery learning, local cultural learning, achievement, learning motivation.
Pengembangan pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing untuk meningkatkan berpikir kritis dan motivasi belajar geometri di SMP
Authors: Nuriyatin Siti , Hartono Hartono 
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis penemuan terbimbing untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan motivasi belajar matematika pada bangun ruang di SMP. Perangkat yang dikembangkan meliputi silabus, 3 RPP, 8 handout, 8 LKS, 1 perangkat tes ketercapain pada bangun ruang sisi datar; serta silabus, 3 RPP, 2 handout, 4 LKS, 1 perangkat tes ketercapaian kompetensi pada bangun ruang sisi lengkung. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (research &development) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4D yaitu define, design, development, dan disseminate. Kevalidan perangkat ditinjau dari penilaian para ahli, kepraktisan ditinjau dari penilaian guru, penilaian peserta didik, dan observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Keefektifan ditinjau dari tes ketercapaian kompetensi, tes kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan motivasi belajar matematika peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan valid, praktis, dan efektif.Kata kunci: pengembangan, perangkat pembelajaran, penemuan terbimbing, berpikir kritis, motivasi belajar matematika Developing of guided inquiry-based learning to increase critical thinking and motivation to learn on geometry in junior high school AbstractThis research is aimed to describe the development phase of guided inquiry-based learning package to increase critical thinking ablity and motivation to learn mathematics on solid figures and describe the quality of the developed product. The learning package consist of syllabus, 3 lesson plans, 8 handouts, 8 student work sheets, a competency achievement test on plane solid figure; and syllabus, 3 lesson plans, 2 handouts, 4 student work sheets, a competency achievement test on curve solid figure. This research is a developmental research study. The model of the instructional package in this research was adapted from 4-D development model. It consisted of five phases: define, design, develop, dan disseminate. The result of validation by expert jugdement shows that the kit that is developed is of valid category for each learning kit that has been developed. The aspects of practicality was of very practice category as seen from the evaluation by the teachers, evaluation by the students, and implementation of the learning. The aspect of effectiveness could be reached from the competency achievement test results, critical thinking ability test results, and the results of questionnaires of student’s motivation to learn mathematics. The result of this research is an instructional package component on solid figures is valid, practical, and effective.Keywords: development, instructional package, guided inquiry, critical thinking, motivation to learn mathematics
Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran dengan model PBL berorientasi pada kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan inisiatif siswa
Authors: Cahyono Anggoro Eko Yuni 
Published: August 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika dengan model PBL yang berkualitas baik. Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan terdiri dari Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan yang menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation). Subjek uji coba penelitian adalah 65 siswa (33 siswa dari kelas VIII A dan 32 siswa dari kelas VIII D) dan satu guru di SMP N 2 Karangnongko Klaten. Penelitian ini mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika dengan model PBL berupa Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS) yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Hasil validasi menunjukkan perangkat yang dikembangkan valid dengan kriteria sangat baik. Kepraktisan pada uji coba lapangan mencapai kategori sangat baik dengan rata-rata keterlaksanaan 94,03%. Keefektifan perangkat yang dikembangkan terlihat dari (1) ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal sudah mencapai kriteria minimal 75% yaitu untuk tes prestasi belajar mencapai 89,23%; (2) hasil tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif mencapai 84,62%; dan (3) berdasarkan angket tingkat inisiatif siswa, 95,38% siswa menunjukkan peningkatan skor tingkat inisiatif belajar, dan 84,62% siswa menunjukkan tingkat inisiatif belajar dengan kriteria minimal tinggi.Kata Kunci: pengembangan, perangkat pembelajaran, PBL Developing Instructional Kits with PBL Model Oriented to Creative Thingking and the Initiation of the Students AbstractThis research aims to produce mathematics instructional kits with PBL’s model which has good quality. The instructional kits which are developed consists of lesson plans and student’s worksheets. This study was research and development that used ADDIE’s model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The subjects of this research involved 65 students (33 students of class VIII A and 32 students of class VIII D) and one teacher at SMP N 2 Karangnongko Klaten. This research developed the instructional kits of mathematic with PBL model with the student’s worksheet and the lesson plans which are valid, practical and effective. The result of validation shows that the kits developed are valid in a very good criterion. The practicality on field trials achieves excellent category with an average adherence to 94.03%. Effectiveness of instructional kits are developed by (1) classical learning completeness reaching at least 89.23%; (2) result of thinking creative test reaching at least 84.62%; and (3) based on the questionnaire of the level of initiative student, 95.38% of students shows increased scores for the level of initiative learning, and 84.62% of the student shows the level of initiative learning with minimum category of “high”. Keywords: development, intructional kits, PBL
Analisis kesesuaian materi buku teks Kemendikbud matematika kelas VII dengan Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Ramda Apolonia Hendrice 
Published: August 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kesesuaian buku teks Kemendikbud Matematika kelas VII edisi revisi 2014 dengan Kurikulum 2013 dilihat dari Standar Isi, Standar Proses, dan Standar Penilaian. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis konten. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan tahap pendefinisian unit, penentuan sampel, pencatatan, pereduksi data, penarikan kesimpulan, dan penarasian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesesuaian materi dalam buku dengan Standar Isi pada Kurikulum 2013 dilihat dari (1) cakupan materi adalah sebesar 90,91%. Pada cakupan materi dalam buku, tidak terdapat pokok bahasan Bidang Cartesius. (2) Kesesuaian KD adalah sebesar 95,45%. (3) Keluasan materi adalah sebesar 90,91%. (4) Kedalaman materi adalah sebesar 90,91%. (5) Keakuratan materi adalah sebesar 81,82%. (6) penyajian materi adalah sebesar 87,27%. Kesesuaian materi dalam buku dengan Standar Proses pada Kurikulum 2013 dilihat dari substansinya adalah sebesar 90,9%. Kesesuaian materi dalam buku dengan Standar Penilaian pada Kurikulum 2013 adalah sebesar 54,55%.Kata Kunci: buku teks matematika, materi, standar isi, standar proses, standar penilaian, kurikulum 2013 An Analysis of Content of the Relevance of the Materials in the Mathematics Textbook for Grade VII to Curriculum 2013 AbstractThis study aimed to describe the relevance of the materials in the 2014 revised edition mathematics textbook for Grade VII published by Puskurbuk to Curriculum 2013 in terms of the Content Standar, the Process Standar, and the Assessment Standar. This research was a qualitative study using content analysis. The data were analyzed by means of the instruments that had been validated. The data analysis was carried out through the stages of unit definition, recording, data reduction, conclusion drawing, and narration. The results of the study showed that the relevance of the materials in the book to the Content Standar in Curriculum 2013 is as follows. (1) In terms of the materials coverage, the relevance is 90.91%. (2) In terms of Basic Competencies (BC) in Curriculum 2013, it is 95.45%. (3) In terms of the materials breadth, it is 90.91%. (4) In terms of the materials depth it is 90.91%. (5) In terms of the materials accuracy, it is 81.82%. (6) In terms of the materials presenting, it is 87.27%. The relevance of the materials in the book to the Process Standar in Curriculum 2013 in terms of the substance is 90.9%. The relevance of the materials in the book to the Assessment Standard in Curruculum 2013 is 54.55%.Keywords: mathematics textbook, content, content standar, process standar, assessment standar, curriculum 2013