bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraductal Tubulopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas: An Update From a Pathologist's Perspective
Authors: Rooney Sarah L. , Shi Jiaqi 
Published: September 2016

Context.—Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) is a rare intraductal epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas recently recognized as a distinct entity by the World Health Organization classification in 2010. It is defined as an intraductal, grossly visible, tubule-forming epithelial neoplasm with high-grade dysplasia and ductal differentiation without overt production of mucin. The diagnosis can be challenging owing to morphologic overlap with other intraductal lesions and its rarity. While recent advances in molecular genetic studies of ITPN have provided new tools to facilitate clinical diagnosis, the limited number of cases has yielded limited follow-up data to guide management.
Objective.—To provide a clinical, pathologic, and molecular update on ITPN with respect to clinical presentation, imaging findings, histopathologic features, differential diagnosis, biological behavior, molecular characteristics, and treatment options.
Data Sources.—Analysis of the pertinent literature (PubMed) and authors' research and clinical practice experience based on institutional and consultation materials.
Conclusions.—Clinical presentation, imaging findings, histopathology, immunohistochemistry studies, molecular characteristics, prognosis, and treatment options of ITPN are reviewed. Important differential diagnoses with other intraductal neoplasms of the pancreas—especially intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm—using histopathologic, molecular, and immunohistochemical studies, are discussed. Despite the recent progress, more studies are necessary to assess the biology and genetics of ITPN for a better understanding of the prognostic factors and treatment options.
The relationship between mobile phone location sensor data and depressive symptom severity
Authors: Saeb Sohrab , Lattie Emily G. , Schueller Stephen M. , Kording Konrad P. , Mohr David C. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundSmartphones offer the hope that depression can be detected using passively collected data from the phone sensors. The aim of this study was to replicate and extend previous work using geographic location (GPS) sensors to identify depressive symptom severity.MethodsWe used a dataset collected from 48 college students over a 10-week period, which included GPS phone sensor data and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) to evaluate depressive symptom severity at baseline and end-of-study. GPS features were calculated over the entire study, for weekdays and weekends, and in 2-week blocks.ResultsThe results of this study replicated our previous findings that a number of GPS features, including location variance, entropy, and circadian movement, were significantly correlated with PHQ-9 scores (r’s ranging from −0.43 to −0.46,p-values < .05). We also found that these relationships were stronger when GPS features were calculated from weekend, compared to weekday, data. Although the correlation between baseline PHQ-9 scores with 2-week GPS features diminished as we moved further from baseline, correlations with the end-of-study scores remained significant regardless of the time point used to calculate the features.DiscussionOur findings were consistent with past research demonstrating that GPS features may be an important and reliable predictor of depressive symptom severity. The varying strength of these relationships on weekends and weekdays suggests the role of weekend/weekday as a moderating variable. The finding that GPS features predict depressive symptom severity up to 10 weeks prior to assessment suggests that GPS features may have the potential as early warning signals of depression.
The Fina Nagu volcanic complex: Unusual submarine arc volcanism in the rapidly deforming southern Mariana margin
Authors: Brounce Maryjo , Kelley Katherine A. , Stern Robert , Martinez Fernando , Cottrell Elizabeth 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn the Mariana convergent margin, large arc volcanoes disappear south of Guam even though the Pacific plate continues to subduct and instead, small cones scatter on the seafloor. These small cones could form either due to decompression melting accompanying back‐arc extension or flux melting, as expected for arc volcanoes, or as a result of both processes. Here, we report the major, trace, and volatile element compositions, as well as the oxidation state of Fe, in recently dredged, fresh pillow lavas from the Fina Nagu volcanic chain, an unusual alignment of small, closely spaced submarine calderas and cones southwest of Guam. We show that Fina Nagu magmas are the consequence of mantle melting due to infiltrating aqueous fluids and sediment melts sourced from the subducting Pacific plate into a depleted mantle wedge, similar in extent of melting to accepted models for arc melts. Fina Nagu magmas are not as oxidized as magmas elsewhere along the Mariana arc, suggesting that the subduction component responsible for producing arc magmas is either different or not present in the zone of melt generation for Fina Nagu, and that amphibole or serpentine mineral destabilization reactions are key in producing oxidized arc magmas. Individual Fina Nagu volcanic structures are smaller in volume than Mariana arc volcanoes, although the estimated cumulative volume of the volcanic chain is similar to nearby submarine arc volcanoes. We conclude that melt generation under the Fina Nagu chain occurs by similar mechanisms as under Mariana arc volcanoes, but that complex lithospheric deformation in the region distributes the melts among several small edifices that get younger to the northeast.
Exploring the potential of clumped isotope thermometry on coccolith‐rich sediments as a sea surface temperature proxy
Authors: Drury Anna Joy , John Cédric M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUnderstanding past changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is crucial; however, existing proxies for reconstructing past SSTs are hindered by unknown ancient seawater composition (foraminiferal Mg/Ca and δ18O) or reflect subsurface temperatures (TEX86) or have a limited applicable temperature range (
). We examine clumped isotope (Δ47) thermometry to fossil coccolith‐rich material as an SST proxy, as clumped isotopes are independent of original seawater composition and applicable to a wide temperature range and coccolithophores are widespread and dissolution resistant. The Δ47‐derived temperatures from <63, <20, <10, and 2–5 μm size fractions of two equatorial Pacific late Miocene‐early Pliocene sediment samples (c1; c2) range between ∼18 and 29°C, with c1 temperatures consistently above c2. Removing the >63 μm fraction removes most nonmixed layer components; however, the Δ47‐derived temperatures display an unexpected slight decreasing trend with decreasing size fraction. This unexpected trend could partly arise because larger coccoliths (5–12 μm) are removed during the size fraction separation process. The c1 and <63 μm c2 Δ47‐derived temperatures are comparable to concurrent
SSTs. The <20, <10, and 2–5 μm c2 Δ47‐derived temperatures are consistently cooler than expected. The Δ47‐
temperature offset is probably caused by abiotic/diagenetic calcite present in the c2 2–5 μm fraction (∼53% by area), which potentially precipitated at bottom water temperatures of ∼6°C. Our results indicate that clumped isotopes on coccolith‐rich sediment fractions have potential as an SST proxy, particularly in tropical regions, providing that careful investigation of the appropriate size fraction for the region and time scale is undertaken.
The 25 April 2015 Nepal Earthquake: Investigation of precursor in VLF subionospheric signal
Authors: Maurya Ajeet K. , Venkatesham K. , Tiwari Prabhakar , Vijaykumar K. , Singh Rajesh , Singh Ajay K. , Ramesh D. S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe present a critical analysis of the observations and interpretation of VLF subionospheric measurements related to the main Nepal Gorkha earthquake which occurred on 25 April 2015 (Mw7.8) and its major aftershock on 12 May 2015 (Mw7.3). The VLF narrowband signal used is from North West Cape (NWC) (19.8 kHz) VLF transmitter located in Australia and recorded at Allahabad (latitude 25.41°N, longitude 81.93°E). Allahabad is located very close (~360 km) to these earthquake epicenters. Two widely used analysis, viz., (1) terminator time and (2) nighttime fluctuation techniques, are applied to extract seismic related effects in the NWC narrowband VLF data. The terminator time analysis yields statistically significant shifts of ~45 and ~26 min, respectively, in evening terminator time in the NWC VLF amplitude signal, 1 day before both the earthquakes. The nighttime fluctuation method shows a consistent, statistically significant, increase in three parameters 1 day before the earthquake. The observed terminator time and nighttime fluctuation shifts were associated with these earthquakes only after scrutinizing possible contributions from other potential sources such as solar activity; other earthquakes on the signal path; and meteorological disturbances such as lightning activity, wind speed, and temperature along the transmitter‐receiver great circle path. The VLF subionospheric signal analysis results unambiguously point toward the presence of seismically excited atmospheric gravity waves during these major earthquakes and their important role in providing the coupling between the seismic source region and overlying ionosphere.
Changes in solar quiet magnetic variations since the Maunder Minimum: A comparison of historical observations and model simulations
Authors: Cnossen Ingrid , Matzka Jürgen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMagnetic measurements going back to the eighteenth century offer a unique opportunity to study multicentennial changes in the upper atmosphere. We analyzed measurements from Rome and Mannheim from May 1782 to May 1783 and measurements from Greenwich, St. Helena, Cape of Good Hope, and Singapore from May 1841 to May 1842. A comparison of the daily magnetic variations in these historical data with modern‐day observations from 2010 at nearby stations (where available) showed notable differences in the amplitude and/or phase of the X and Y components. Model simulations indicated that these can be explained at least to some extent by changes in the Earth's main magnetic field. Changes in the main field strength and the northwestward movement of the magnetic equator, in particular in the region of the South Atlantic Anomaly, have caused changes in the positioning, shape, and strength of the equivalent current vortices in the ionosphere that result in the magnetic perturbations on the ground. Differences in solar activity between the historical and modern epochs, which were all near solar minima, were too small to have a notable effect on the ground magnetic perturbations. However, in regions where main magnetic field changes have been relatively small for the last ~400 years, e.g., in Singapore, the effects of a long‐term increase in solar activity from Maunder Minimum conditions to normal solar minimum conditions (an increase in F10.7 of ~35 solar flux units) were comparable to the effects of geomagnetic main field changes.
Strength anisotropy of shales deformed under uppermost crustal conditions
Authors: Bonnelye Audrey , Schubnel Alexandre , David Christian , Henry Pierre , Guglielmi Yves , Gout Claude , Fauchille Anne‐Laure , Dick Pierre 
Published: September 2016

AbstractConventional triaxial tests were performed on three sets of samples of Tournemire shale along different orientations relative to bedding (0°, 45°, and 90°). Experiments were carried out up to failure at increasing confining pressures ranging from 2.5 to 160 MPa, at strain rates ranging between 3 × 10−7s−1 and 3 × 10−5s−1. This allowed us to determine the entire anisotropic elastic compliance matrix as a function of confining pressure. Results show that the orientation of principal stress relative to bedding plays an important role on the brittle strength, with 45° orientation being the weakest. We fit our results with a wing crack micromechanical model and an anisotropic fracture toughness. We found low values of internal friction coefficient and apparent friction coefficient in agreement with friction coefficient of clay minerals (between 0.2 and 0.3) and values of KIc comparable to that already published in the literature. We also showed that strain rate has a strong impact on peak stress and that dilatancy appears right before failure and hence highlighting the importance of plasticity mechanisms. Although brittle failure was systematically observed, stress drops and associated slips were slow and deformation always remained aseismic (no acoustic emission were detected). This confirms that shales are good lithological candidates for shallow crust aseismic creep and slow slip events.
Architecture and the Spectator
Authors: van Eck Caroline 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

This chapter looks at the way the spectator becomes increasingly important in eighteenth‐century architectural design and theory, from the first drawings that show an awareness, on the part of the designer, of the changing ways in which buildings appear to spectators in different circumstances, to the theoretical debates about the Sublime and the Picturesque in Britain, and about
caractère
and
architecture parlante
in France.
Maximum power extraction on wind turbine systems using block‐backstepping with gradient dynamics control
Authors: Jaramillo‐Lopez Fernando , Kenne Godpromesse , Lamnabhi‐Lagarrigue Francoise 
Published: September 2016

SummaryIn this work, a novel adaptive control scheme that allows driving a stand‐alone variable‐speed wind turbine system to its maximum power point is presented. The scheme is based on the regulation of the optimal rotor speed point of the wind turbine. In order to compute the rotor speed reference, a model‐based extremum‐seeking algorithm is derived. The wind speed signal is necessary to calculate this reference, and a novel artificial neural network is derived to approximate this signal. The neural network does not need off‐line learning stage, because a nonlinear dynamics for the weight vector is proposed. A block‐backstepping controller is derived to stabilize and to drive the system to the optimal power point; to avoid singularities, the gradient dynamics technique is applied to this controller. Numerical simulations are carried out to show the performance of the controller and the estimator. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kombinierte Eisen‐ und Biokatalyse – Eisencarbonylkomplexe als effiziente Wasserstoff‐Autotransferkatalysatoren für die dynamische kinetische Racematspaltung
Authors: El‐Sepelgy Osama , Alandini Nurtalya , Rueping Magnus 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEin duales Eisen/Lipase‐Katalysesystem wurde entwickelt und in der dynamischen kinetischen Racematspaltung von benzylischen und aliphatischen Alkoholen angewendet. Eine detaillierte Studie von Eisenkomplexen des Knölker‐Typs zeigte, dass der Wasserstoff‐Autotransfer von Alkoholen unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen stattfindet und die Kombination mit enzymatischer Racematspaltung ermöglicht. Verschiedene racemische Alkohole wurden so effizient zu chiralen Acetaten in hohen Ausbeuten und mit exzellenten Enantioselektivitäten umgesetzt.
Facile Synthesis of Black Phosphorus: an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolving Reaction
Authors: Jiang Qianqian , Xu Lei , Chen Ning , Zhang Han , Dai Liming , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) as a new 2D material has attracted extensive attention because of its unique electronic, optical, and structural properties. However, the difficulties associated with BP synthesis severely hinder the further development of BP for any potential applications. On the other hand, searching for other potential applications of BP is also a big challenge. A facile strategy was developed for preparation of BP supported on Ti foil (BP‐Ti) in a thin‐film form. Surprisingly, the as‐prepared BP shows advanced electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). To improve the OER activity of the electrocatalyst, BP was grown on a carbon nanotube network (BP‐CNT), showing even better activity. The results demonstrate that BP can be prepared by a facile method and may be applied as an electrocatalyst.
Wetlands: conservation's poor cousins
Authors: Kingsford Richard T. , Basset Alberto , Jackson Leland 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

About 5–10% of the world's land surface is currently wetland but possibly >70% is already destroyed or impaired. Conservation of these unique ecosystems lags progress in other realms, reflected in high rates of biodiversity loss. Wetlands provide a range of critically important ecosystem services including fresh water, nutrient cycling, food and fibre production, carbon fixation and storage, flood mitigation and water storage; water treatment and purification and habitats for biodiversity. There is increasing recognition that these services provide real economic values.
Wetlands are affected by numerous threats including habitat loss and degradation, climate change, pollution, invasive species, overharvesting and disease. The most serious impact is from habitat loss and degradation caused by upstream water resource developments and conversion to agriculture, industry and transport, and urban development.
The status of the distribution and extent of the world's wetlands remains poorly known, varying among countries. Wetland loss has varied internationally, with generally higher impacts in the Northern Hemisphere, with its long history of conversion to urban centres, ports and agriculture and yet there are increasing losses occurring in developing continents in the south.
Wetland conservation needs to focus primarily on identification of priority areas for biodiversity conservation and legal protection, including Ramsar‐listing. Identification of wetland biodiversity hotspots for conservation should be an imperative, with associated Ramsar‐listing. There also needs to be effective protection of flow regimes. Mitigation of other deleterious processes, pollution, overharvesting, invasive species and disease, also remains particularly important.
Conservation of wetlands remains especially challenging, given the importance of fresh water for human communities, industry and agriculture. Without effective conservation actions, mitigation of threats, rigorous risk assessment and acknowledgement of the value of wetland ecosystem services, wetland conservation will continue to lag behind conservation in other realms in protecting the Earth's biodiversity.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conservation of aquatic invertebrates: concerns, challenges and conundrums
Authors: Collier Kevin J. , Probert P. Keith , Jeffries Michael 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Invertebrates inhabiting marine and freshwater ecosystems make important contributions to global biodiversity and provide significant services that have cascading effects across ecosystems. However, this group is grossly under‐represented in assessments of conservation status and often neglected in targeted aquatic conservation efforts.
In global assessments of 7857 freshwater invertebrates and 2864 marine invertebrates, 30–34% were considered Data Deficient highlighting the paucity of information for making such assessments. Of the invertebrate groups that could be assessed, those with poor dispersal abilities and high local endemism, such as many gastropods, crayfish and mussels, are the most threatened.
Springs and subterranean hydrological systems support the highest proportions of threatened freshwater species, while in marine environments coral reefs, lagoons and anchialine systems are particularly vulnerable.
Key agents of biodiversity decline in aquatic ecosystems are water pollution, overexploitation and harvesting, habitat degradation and destruction, alien invasive species, and climate change. Effects of dams and water management along with pollution from urban, agricultural and forestry sources are the main threats in freshwater ecosystems, whereas a broad range of factors have impacts on marine invertebrates, including biological resource use.
Significant impediments facing conservation of aquatic invertebrates are limited knowledge of their diversity, the need for broadscale actions to account for connectivity within and across ecosystems, lack of political will and investment, and the prospect that conditions may get worse before they improve, possibly not in time to save some already highly imperilled invertebrate species from extinction.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards N‐Alkylimidazole Borane‐based Hypergolic Fuels
Authors: Huang Shi , Zhang Wenquan , Liu Tianlin , Wang Kangcai , Qi Xiujuan , Zhang Jiaheng , Zhang Qinghua 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOver the past few decades, toxic and highly volatile hydrazine derivatives have been the main fuel choices for liquid bipropellants, especially in traditional hypergolic rocket engines. The search for new hypergolic fuels as replacements for hydrazine derivatives is of great interest to researchers. In this study, a series of N‐alkylimidazole borane compounds has been synthesized and characterized. Interestingly, these compounds display promising applications as potential hypergolic fuels owing to their excellent physiochemical properties including low melting points, high thermal stability, low viscosities, and unique hypergolic reactivity. Compared with popular hypergolic ionic liquids, the cost‐effective and scaling‐up advantages of these materials highlight their promising potential as high‐performance fuels in liquid bipropellant formulations.
Comparative proteome profiling of bleomycin‐induced lung toxicity in rats by 2D–nano‐LC–MS/MS and spectral counting
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Sun Xionghua , Jiang Xiaogang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe mechanisms involved in bleomycin‐induced lung toxicity have not been fully understood to date. This work aimed to compare the proteome profiling of bleomycin‐induced lung toxicity by using 2D–nano‐LC–MS/MS and spectral counting. By comparing the spectral counts of identified proteins between control and bleomycin‐treated groups, we noted that 102 proteins were upregulated and 28 proteins were downregulated in the bleomycin‐treated group. Among these differently expressed proteins, five proteins were chosen for validation by Western blot analysis. The levels of these five proteins were consistent with proteomic results. These potential mediators can facilitate the translation of the underlying mechanisms of bleomycin‐induced lung toxicity to molecular targets in the clinical arena.