bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provenance of Holocene beach sand in the Western Iberian margin: the use of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for the deciphering of sediment recycling in a modern coastal system
Authors: Pereira Manuel Francisco , Albardeiro Luís , Gama Cristina , Chichorro Martim , Hofmann Mandy , Linnemann Ulf 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDetrital zircons from Holocene beach sand and igneous zircons from the Cretaceous syenite forming Cape Sines (Western Iberian margin) were dated using laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry. The U–Pb ages obtained were used for comparison with previous radiometric data from Carboniferous greywacke, Pliocene–Pleistocene sand and Cretaceous syenite forming the sea cliff at Cape Sines and the contiguous coast. New U–Pb dating of igneous morphologically simple and complex zircons from the syenite of the Sines pluton suggests that the history of zircon crystallization was more extensive (ca 87 to 74 Ma), in contrast to the findings of previous geochronology studies (ca 76 to 74 Ma). The U–Pb ages obtained in Holocene sand revealed a wide interval, ranging from the Cretaceous to the Archean, with predominance of Cretaceous (37%), Palaeozoic (35%) and Neoproterozoic (19%) detrital‐zircon ages. The paucity of round to sub‐rounded grains seems to indicate a short transportation history for most of the Cretaceous zircons (ca 95 to 73 Ma) which are more abundant in the beach sand that was sampled south of Cape Sines. Comparative analysis using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistical method, analysing sub‐populations separately, suggests that the zircon populations of the Carboniferous and Cretaceous rocks forming the sea cliff were reproduced faithfully in Quaternary sand, indicating sediment recycling. The similarity of the pre‐Cretaceous ages (>ca 280 Ma) of detrital zircons found in Holocene sand, as compared with Carboniferous greywacke and Pliocene–Pleistocene sand, provides support for the hypothesis that detritus was reworked into the beach from older sedimentary rocks exposed along the sea cliff. The largest percentage of Cretaceous zircons (<ca 95 Ma) found in Holocene sand, as compared with Pliocene–Pleistocene sand (secondary recycled source), suggests that the Sines pluton was the one of the primary sources that became progressively more exposed to erosion during Quaternary uplift. This work highlights the application of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov method in comparison of zircon age populations used to identify provenance and sediment recycling in modern and ancient detrital sedimentary sequences.
Are generalist Aphidiinae (Hym. Braconidae) mostly cryptic species complexes?
Authors: DEROCLES STEPHANE A. P. , PLANTEGENEST MANUEL , RASPLUS JEAN‐YVES , MARIE ALEXIA , EVANS DARREN M. , LUNT DAVID H. , LE RALEC ANNE 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAphidiinae are mostly composed of specialist parasitoids and the few species described as generalist are suspected to be composed of cryptic specialists, almost indistinguishable based on morphological characteristics. The use of molecular markers has proven to be a useful tool for revealing cryptic species complexes and here we use seven mitochondrial and nuclear gene fragments to study possible genetic differentiation among seven Aphidiinae generalists. Maximum likelihood (ML) trees and Bayesian Poisson tree processes (bPTP) models were conducted on each gene separately and on the seven genes together. The standard cytochrome c oxidase I barcode region appeared to be the most polymorphic and probably the best marker to reveal putative cryptic species. However, we showed with ML trees and bPTP models that a complementary use of mitochondrial and nuclear genes was the most relevant approach to reliably identify cryptic genetic clades in the Aphidiinae. Overall, most of the analysed generalist morphospecies were shown to be composed of subgroups related to the aphid host, some of them revealed as cryptic species by the species delimitation analysis. Further studies are needed to reveal the generality of this result in Aphidiinae.
Cryptic species in Pacific sipunculans (Sipuncula: Phascolosomatidae): east‐west divergence between non‐sister taxa
Authors: Johnson Nathan D. , Sanders Corey , Maiorova Anastassya , Schulze Anja 
Published: November 2015

Cryptic diversity, i.e. diversity observable in genetic but not in morphological traits, is prevalent in marine invertebrates and presents one of the greatest obstacles to obtaining accurate estimates of species richness. Sipunculans, commonly called peanut worms, are marine annelids in which high levels of cryptic diversity have previously been documented. In this study, we use genetic identification techniques to examine divergence of two lineages of Pacific sipunculans, both known under the name Phascolosoma agassizii. One lineage is isolated to the eastern Pacific coast while the other one inhabits the western Pacific coast. These clades are reciprocally monophyletic and are not recovered as sister taxa, suggesting relatively early divergence within Phascolosoma. Furthermore, we did not find support for a genetic distinction between the western Pacific Phascolosoma agassizii agassizii and Phascolosoma agassizii kurilense, a subspecies reported from the Kuril Islands. Considering that the type locality for P. agassizii is in the Eastern Pacific, we suggest that the western clade, including the samples from the Kuril islands, represent a new, undescribed species.
Sensitivity and variability of Presage dosimeter formulations in sheet form with application to SBRT and SRS QA
Authors: Dumas Michael , Rakowski Joseph T. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose:To measure sensitivity and stability of the Presage dosimeter in sheet form for various chemical concentrations over a range of clinical photon energies and examine its use for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) QA.Methods:Presage polymer dosimeters were formulated to investigate and optimize their sensitivity and stability. The dosimeter is composed of clear polyurethane base, leucomalachite green (LMG) reporting dye, and bromoform radical initiator in 0.9–1.0 mm thick sheets. The chemicals are mixed together for 2 min, cast in an aluminum mold, and left to cure at 60 psi for a minimum of two days. Dosimeter response was characterized at energies Co‐60, 6 MV, 10 MV flattening‐filter free, 15 MV, 50 kVp (mean 19.2 keV), and Ir‐192. The dosimeters were scanned by a Microtek Scanmaker i800 at 300 dpi, 216 bit depth per color channel. Red component images were analyzed with ImageJ and rit. SBRT QA was done with gamma analysis tolerances of 2% and 2 mm DTA.Results:The sensitivity of the Presage dosimeter increased with increasing concentration of bromoform. Addition of tin catalyst decreased curing time and had negligible effect on sensitivity. LMG concentration should be at least as high as the bromoform, with ideal concentration being 2% wt. Gamma Knife SRS QA measurements of relative output and profile widths were within 2% of manufacturer's values validated at commissioning, except the 4 mm collimator relative output which was within 3%. The gamma pass rate of Presage with SBRT was 73.7%, compared to 93.1% for EBT2 Gafchromic film.Conclusions:The Presage dosimeter in sheet form was capable of detecting radiation over all tested photon energies and chemical concentrations. The best sensitivity and photostability of the dosimeter were achieved with 2.5% wt. LMG and 8.2% wt. bromoform. Scanner used should not emit any UV radiation as it will expose the dosimeter, as with the Epson 10000 XL scanner. Presage dosimeter in this form was sensitive enough for use in SRS and SBRT QA. The lower gamma pass rate for Presage compared to Gafchromic film can be attributed to the simple equipment used in the fabrication process, which limited the dosimeter's sensitivity uniformity by agglomeration of air bubbles in the material, nonuniform concentration of chemicals throughout the material, and thickness variations. This demands improvements in mixing tools and molds.
Evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of a critical care discharge information pack for patients and their families: a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bench Suzanne , Day Tina , Heelas Karina , Hopkins Philip , White Catherine , Griffiths Peter 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an information pack, based on self-regulation theory, designed to support patients and their families immediately before, during and after discharge from an intensive care unit (ICU).Design and settingProspective assessor-blinded pilot cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT; in conjunction with a questionnaire survey of trial participants’ experience) in 2 ICUs in England.ParticipantsPatients (+/− a family member) who had spent at least 72 h in an ICU, declared medically fit for discharge to a general ward.RandomisationCluster randomisation (by day of discharge decision) was used to allocate participants to 1 of 3 study groups.InterventionA user-centred critical care discharge information pack (UCCDIP) containing 2 booklets; 1 for the patient (which included a personalised discharge summary) and 1 for the family, given prior to discharge to the ward.Primary outcomePsychological well-being measured using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scores (HADS), assessed at 5±1 days postunit discharge and 28 days/hospital discharge. Statistical significance (p≤0.05) was determined using χ2and Kruskal-Wallis (H).Results158 patients were allocated to: intervention (UCCDIP; n=51), control 1: ad hoc verbal information (n=59), control 2: booklet published by ICUsteps (n=48). There were no statistically significant differences in the primary outcome. The a priori enrolment goal was not reached and attrition was high. Using HADS as a primary outcome measure, an estimated sample size of 286 is required to power a definitive trial.ConclusionsFindings from this pilot RCT provide important preliminary data regarding the circumstances under which an intervention based on the principles of UCCDIP could be effective, and the sample size required to demonstrate this.Trial registration numberCurrent Controlled TrialsISRCTN47262088; results.
Multiple myeloma and physical activity: a scoping review
Authors: Smith Lee , McCourt Orla , Henrich Malgorzata , Paton Bruce , Yong Kwee , Wardle Jane , Fisher Abigail 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesMultiple myeloma is the second most common haematological cancer. A growing body of literature is emerging that investigates the role physical activity plays in all stages of multiple myeloma (prevention and survivorship) and to date no attempt has been made to collate and understand this literature. Therefore, this scoping review aims to (1) outline what is already known about physical activity in all stages of multiple myeloma (2) map the literature on physical activity and multiple myeloma and (3) identify future directions for research.DesignScoping Review.Data SourcesSearches were carried out in May 2015. Searchers were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTdiscus and MEDLINE.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesTo be included studies had to report original data, investigate physical activity per se or physical activity correlates and multiple myeloma or smouldering multiple myeloma.ResultsA total of 19 papers received full screening, 5 of these papers were excluded. This review identified three journal articles relating to the role of physical activity in the prevention of multiple myeloma, nine papers were identified in the treatment of multiple myeloma and two on smouldering multiple myeloma.ConclusionsThe search identified that the literature surrounding multiple myeloma and physical activity is very limited. We encourage those designing new cohort studies to allow for future assessment of associations between physical activity and onset of multiple myeloma and smouldering multiple myeloma, as well as the potential role that physical activity plays in the progression from smouldering multiple myeloma to multiple myeloma. Second, we encourage the design and investigation of gender and treatment-specific physical activity interventions in patients with multiple myeloma. Finally, we highlight the need for more randomised controlled trials to evaluate the impact of different types, frequencies and intensities of physical activity on various health parameters in multiple myeloma survivors.
Remarques sur le genus commune des noms dans la grammaire latine
Authors: Bonnet Guillaume 
Published: November 2015

Os gramáticos latinos distinguem, primeiramente, três gêneros nominais, que se apóiam imperfeitamente no plano referencial, mas são sustentados pela evidência morfológica, a saber: o masculino, o feminino e o neutro, o qual recobre o que não é, do ponto de vista do sexo, “nem um nem o outro”. Daí, distinguem um gênero <em>commune</em>, entendido primeiramente como o gênero do que é “tanto um como o outro”. Enfim, reservam lugar a um último gênero, o epiceno grego, dito em latim <em>promiscuum</em>, que se distingue por dissociar o gênero do significante do sexo do significado, sendo por isso posto à margem dos outros <em>genera</em>, que remetem, positivamente ou <em>in absentia</em>, ao <em>sexus</em>. Constata-se nos gramáticos latinos, porém, uma flutuação normativa dos gêneros, a qual se deve à heterogeneidade da categoria do gênero praticada por aqueles gramáticos, uma vez que <em>commune</em> e <em>promiscuum</em> não são propriamente gêneros, já que desprovidos de apoio morfológico próprio, mas antes modos de referência, respectivamente motivada e arbitrária, à esfera extralingüística.
Antígona y su primera versión en el caribe hispano
Authors: Miranda Cancela Elina 
Published: November 2015

Apesar da relutância, em ambos os lados do Atlântico, daqueles que julgavam inadequado pensar a presença viva de mitos e cânones trágicos na dramaturgia latino-americana, nota-se que, a partir da segunda metade do século XX, são numerosas as obras que recorrem a tais mitos. Entre estes, a <em>Antígona</em> plasmada de por Sófocles é o que, provavelmente, se coloca como mais representativo e que parece ter tido mais versões mais nesta área geográfica. No Caribe hispano-insular, isto é, em Cuba, Porto Rico e República Dominicana, a primeira versão de <em>Antígona</em> que data do início dos anos sessenta, é de autoria de Franklyn Dominguez e recebeu o título <em>Antígona-Humor</em>. Trata-se, como se vê, de uma peça que já no próprio título desconcerta e aponta para seu caráter transgressivo. Para deslindar significados pertinentes ao contexto das Antilhas atuais e contribuir com os estudos da chamada tradição clássica, se encaminha este trabalho, parte de uma investigação ainda em curso.
A função dos males na vida humana (Sêneca, <em>Sobre a providência</em> 4.16; 5.1–11)
Authors: Lohner José Eduardo Dos Santos 
Published: November 2015

Tradução de <span>SÊNECA, </span><span>Sobre a Providência , </span><span>IV, 16; V, 1-11 </span>
Dos poemas (Diomedes, Arte gramatical 3)
Authors: Garbellini Izabella Lombardi 
Published: November 2015

<p><span>Tradução de Diomedes. </span><span>Arte gramatical. </span><span>“Livro III”.</span></p><p><span>Esta tradução é parte de um projeto de Iniciação Cientifica intitulado “Tradução e comentários do </span><span>De poematibus </span><span>de Diomedes”. O projeto foi desenvolvido no PPG Letras Clássicas da FFLCH/USP, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Marcos Martinho dos Santos, ao longo do 2° semestre de 2004 e 1° semestre de 2005, com bolsa PIBIC do CNPq, e os resultados foram apresentados no 13o SIICUSP realiza- do nos dias 7, 8 e 9 de novembro de 2005. Recebeu menção honrosa da Comissão Organizadora do 13o SIICUSP. Em 24 de abril de 2006, foi selecionado, dentre os </span>que receberam menção honrosa, para receber o prêmio da Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa da USP. Com o prêmio da Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa da USP, a orientanda desen- volveu as seguintes atividades na Inglaterra: (a) de 1 a 6 de setembro de 2006: pesquisa bibliográfica, na Bodleian Library e na Sackler Library da Oxford University (Oxford, Reino Unido); (b) de 7 a 9 de setembro de 2006: apresentação da comu- nicação “The De poematibus by Diomedes” em “The 2006 colloquium of the Henry Sweet”.</p><p> </p>
Considerazioni sulla prima crisi imperiale e la condizione dell’intellettuale in Età Neroniana
Authors: Montagna Carlotta 
Published: November 2015

<p>Sob Nero, a sociedade romana enfrentou sua Primeira Crise Imperial, consequência de um nível de poder e assistencialismo sem precedentes que se deveu sobretudo à falta de diretrizes políticas e culturais bem definidas após a morte de Augusto. Em vez de <em>convenientia</em> ou πρέπον, os intelectuais da época privilegiaram a <em>novitas</em> e o exibicionismo, criando assim a poética do impressionante. Quanto mais o poder imperial foi assumindo conotações absolutistas e despóticas, menos o papel e a contribuição social do intelectual pareceram dignos de consideração. Consequentemente, os intelectuais sugeriram um novo conceito de homem de letras, concentrando-se nos aspectos psicológicos do comportamento humano, como é o caso de Sêneca. A alternativa possível, conscientemente adotada por Lucano na <em>Farsália</em>, foi empenhar-se num gênero de poesia macabro e difamatório: a expressão de uma condição comum de fraqueza mental. Nesse sentido, as soluções estilísticas de Lucano são dignas de consideração: por meio de seu <em>modus scribendi ardens</em> e <em>concitatus</em>, Lucano expressou sua visão trágica da realidade e se desviou da tradição literária romana, que concedia pouco espaço para a irracionalidade. Sob Nero, houve uma renovação do interesse filosófico, mas já não parecia possível acreditar nas filosofias tradicionais. A persistência da crise levou os intelectuais de início a aceitar passivamente o <em>status quo</em>, mas depois passaram a se afastar dignamente da cena pública. Os hexâmetros de Pérsio nas <em>Sátiras</em> são emblemáticos a esse respeito.</p>
Editorial
Authors: Cardoso Zelia De Almeida 
Published: November 2015

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras Clássicas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo tem o prazer de oferecer ao público o primeiro número da revista <em>Letras Clássicas</em>, que tem como eixo temático a tragédia e a comédia grecolatinas. Espera-se que <em>Letras Clássicas</em> cumpra a sua função: a de divulgar conhecimentos e informações sobre uma cultura na qual se assentam as raízes do saber contemporâneo.
The Processing of Attended and Predicted Sounds in Time
Authors: Paris Tim , Kim Jeesun , Davis Chris 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Neural responses to an attended event are typically enhanced relative to those from an unattended one (attention enhancement). Conversely, neural responses to a predicted event are typically reduced relative to those from an unpredicted one (prediction suppression). What remains to be established is what happens with attended and predicted events. To examine the interaction between attention and prediction, we combined two robust paradigms developed for studying attention and prediction effects on ERPs into an orthogonal design. Participants were presented with sounds in attended or unattended intervals with onsets that were either predicted by a moving visual cue or unpredicted (no cue was provided). We demonstrated an N1 enhancement effect for attended sounds and an N1 suppression effect for predicted sounds; furthermore, an interaction between these effects was found that emerged early in the N1 (50–95 msec), indicating that attention enhancement only occurred when the sound was unpredicted. This pattern of results can be explained by the precision of the predictive cue that reduces the need for attention selection in the attended and predicted condition.
The Implementation of the Ice-Phase Microphysical Process into a Four-Dimensional Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System (VDRAS) and Its Impact on Parameter Retrieval and Quantitative Precipitation Nowcasting
Authors: Chang Shao-Fan , Liou Yu-Chieng , Sun Juanzhen , Tai Sheng-Lun 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The microphysical process of a cloud-scale model used by a four-dimensional Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System (VDRAS) is extended from its original warm rain parameterization scheme to a cold rain process containing ice and snow. The development of the adjoint equations for the additional control variables related to ice physics is accomplished by utilizing the existing four-dimensional variational (4DVar) minimization framework employed by VDRAS. Experiments are conducted to examine the accuracy of the new 4DVar system with the ice physics scheme implemented and to explore the impact of the ice-phase process on numerical simulations, parameter retrievals, and the model’s quantitative precipitation nowcasting (QPN) capability.
It is shown that the ice-phase microphysical process can significantly alter the kinematic and thermodynamic structure of deep convection and provide a better description of the contents of the hydrometeors. During the 4DVar minimization, using the VDRAS-predicted freezing level after the previous assimilation cycle to replace the true but unknown 0°C line is found to be a feasible approach for separating the rain and snow and, at the same time, allowing the 4DVar minimization algorithm to converge to an optimal solution. A real case study from intensive observation period 8 of the 2008 Southwest Monsoon Experiment shows that, with the added ice-phase process, VDRAS is more capable of capturing the actual evolution of the reflectivity field than the original scheme. The model’s QPN skill is also improved significantly. Thus, the benefits of adding the ice-phase process into a 4DVar radar data assimilation system on the convective-scale weather analysis and forecast are demonstrated.
Attempted suicide and violent criminality among Danish second-generation immigrants according to parental place of origin
Authors: Webb Roger T , Antonsen Sussie , Pedersen Carsten B , Mok Pearl LH , Cantor-Graae Elizabeth , Agerbo Esben 
Published: November 2015

Background: Immigrant populations in Western European countries have grown in their size and diversity, but little is known about risks of self-directed and externalised violence among second-generation immigrants. Aims: To compare risks for attempted suicides and violent offending among second-generation immigrants to Denmark according to parental region of origin versus the native Danish population. Methods: Data from interlinked national Danish registers were used ( N = 1,973,614). Parental origin outside Denmark was categorised thus: Asia, Africa, Middle East, Greenland, other Scandinavian countries, elsewhere in Europe and all other regions. We estimated gender-specific cumulative incidence and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) versus native Danes. Results: In virtually all subgroups of second-generation immigrants, risk was elevated for the two adverse outcomes in both genders. Females generally had greater elevations in attempted suicide risk, and males had greater elevations in violent offending risk. For attempted suicide, especially large IRRs were observed for males and females whose parents emigrated from Greenland; for violent offending, risks were particularly raised for males and females of Middle Eastern, Greenlandic and African origin. Adjustment for socioeconomic status partially explained these associations. Conclusion: Western European nations should develop preventive programmes tailored towards specific second-generation immigrant populations, with integrated approaches jointly tackling suicidality and violence.