bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of land use and geological effect on groundwater characteristics in Bandung metropolitan using a hydrochemical and statistical approach
Authors: Nugraha D M , Aulia M R , Sururi M R , Rahayudin Y , Utami Z B , Dida E N , Maria R , Mulyono A , Perdananugraha G M , Carrilo-Rivera J J , Rusydi A F 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Groundwater is often used as clean water since it requires less water treatment. However, the quality will depend on the environmental conditions and human activities. Our research is conducted in Bandung Metropolitan, an urbanized area where groundwater is preferable, but the quality is becoming concerning. The objective of this study is to determine whether natural or human activities have a greater impact on groundwater quality. A total of 113 samples were collected from nine geological conditions spanning three primary land use types. The samples were analyzed for seven major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3
−, SO4
2
−, and Cl−), which occur naturally in natural water but may be elevated due to human activities. Based on the Piper diagram, fifty-three samples are categorized as Ca-HCO3, with the dominant cation being Ca2+ and the dominant anion being HCO3
−. Furthermore, the multivariate statistical analysis reveals that 74% of all ions are related to geological conditions and anthropogenic activities. In detail, high contents of Ca2+, as the dominant cation, are significantly correlated by all land uses and most geological formations. In addition, cation contents were significantly correlated with land uses, but the correlation varied for each type of geological formation. All land uses surely correlate with all major ions, but the geology depends on the type of formation.
Risks of sanitation and water supply in Pontianak City poorer areas settlements
Authors: Halomoan N , Amala Z , Soewondo P , Setiyawan A S , Sarli P W , Awfa D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The availability of sufficient and safe drinking water is one of the criteria for a settlement to be declared as a poorer area. Areas declared as poorer areas by the city government have water supply problems that require intervention. The Sanitation Risk Index is calculated using a questionnaire on households regarding sanitation conditions and water supply. This research examines the relationship between the Sanitation Risk Index and its effect on water use, as well as the strategies implemented to reduce sanitation risks in water supply in poorer areas in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan. The city of Pontianak is located downstream of Kapuas River. Many settlements grow along riverbanks and require clean water and adequate sanitation facilities. This study began with an assessment of sanitation conditions and clean water supply with a sanitation risk assessment using a questionnaire in poorer areas. The results of the questionnaire led to calculation of the Sanitation Risk Index (IRS). Descriptive and statistical analyses show the relationship between IRS and water supply. In obtaining the water supply strategy carried out here, it was found that more than 50% of the population uses refillable water for drinking; however, rainwater and river water are still used by poorer area settlements for daily activities. The sanitation risk index was 350, indicating the influence of sanitation risk on the quality and supply of water in Pontianak City poorer area settlements. There are urgent problems that must be resolved in the clean water supply sector in the studied poorer areas.
Integrating angled multimode interferometer with Bragg grating filters for coarse wavelength division (de)multiplexing with optimized shape factor
Authors: Zhang Zanyun , Zhang Wenjing , Jiang Hao , Lv Xiaoqing , Li Meixin , Zhang Kaixin , Liu Tianjun , Huang Beiju 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We propose and experimentally demonstrate an angled multimode interferometer (AMMI) integrated with cascaded phase-shifted Bragg gratings (PSBGs) for coarse wavelength division multiplexing, based on a 400 nm-thick silicon nitride waveguide platform. Due to the design constraints, the spectral response of a standard AMMI filter suffers from the drawbacks of limited optical bandwidth, high inter-channel crosstalk, and non-ideal shape factor. Two techniques were used to improve performance. Firstly, it was found that increasing the input waveguide width of the AMMI is beneficial for the optical bandwidth while maintaining good insertion loss and crosstalk performance. Experimental results show that the 1 dB bandwidth increases from 7.6 nm to 9.7 nm. To achieve an improved shape factor and decreased crosstalk, the PSBG filters were utilized as the second-stage filters by integrating them at the output waveguides of the AMMI. Simulation results demonstrate an average crosstalk reduction of approximately 15.1 dB at the center wavelengths of the four channels and shape factor improvement by about 0.29. However, measurement results show an average crosstalk decrease of only about 5.5 dB, which is possibly due to the fabrication imperfection of the PSBGs and the unsatisfactory film quality of the SiN wafers used. Despite deviations between measured and simulated performance, the shape factor is increased from 0.26 to 0.74 using these proposed techniques, showing the feasibility of such an integration method.
Prevalence, trends, and outcomes of same-day discharge following elective percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective observational cohort study using routinely collected health data
Authors: Chen Yingyan , Smith Ian , Wu Chiung-Jung (Jo) , Hattingh Laetitia , Howes Laurie , Jayasinghe Rohan , Poulter Rohan , Rahman Atifur , Starmer Gregory , Singbal Yash , Yadav Raibhan , Marshall Andrea P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
To identify the prevalence, trends, and outcomes of same-day discharge (SDD) following elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among six public hospitals in Queensland, Australia.

Methods and results
A retrospective observational research design was used. A total of 4387 cases were obtained from the Queensland Cardiac Outcomes Registry and National Hospital Cost Data Collection. The two data sets were linked using identifiable data items. Patients were those who had elective PCI between December 2012 and December 2019 either discharged the same day of the procedure or the next day. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The overall SDD prevalence was 6.5%, with a trend increasing from 0.2% in 2013 to 9.0% in 2019. The prevalence varied at the individual hospital level. Two hospitals did not perform SDD during the study period. The remaining hospitals demonstrated variability in SDD prevalence, with the highest from one hospital being 28.2% in 2019. Almost all SDD patients experienced no complications during or following PCI within 24 h. Compared with next-day discharge, SDD reduced the length of stay by 18 h and conferred an average of $3695 cost-savings per patient.

Conclusion
There was limited implementation of SDD in the six public hospitals contributing data to this study. Improvement in the SDD rate could result in better hospital resource utilization and reduce low-value care. Hence, strategies to implement and promote SDD are warranted.
Evolution of Apoptotic Signaling Pathways Within Lophotrochozoans
Authors: Horkan Helen R , Popgeorgiev Nikolay , Vervoort Michel , Gazave Eve , Krasovec Gabriel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Apoptosis is the main form of regulated cell death in metazoans. Apoptotic pathways are well characterized in nematodes, flies, and mammals, leading to a vision of the conservation of apoptotic pathways in metazoans. However, we recently showed that intrinsic apoptosis is in fact divergent among metazoans. In addition, extrinsic apoptosis is poorly studied in non-mammalian animals, making its evolution unclear. Consequently, our understanding of apoptotic signaling pathways evolution is a black box which must be illuminated by extending research to new biological systems. Lophotrochozoans are a major clade of metazoans which, despite their considerable biological diversity and key phylogenetic position as sister group of ecdysozoans (i.e. flies and nematodes), are poorly explored, especially regarding apoptosis mechanisms. Traditionally, each apoptotic signaling pathway was considered to rely on a specific initiator caspase, associated with an activator. To shed light on apoptosis evolution in animals, we explored the evolutionary history of initiator caspases, caspase activators, and the BCL-2 family (which control mitochondrial apoptotic pathway) in lophotrochozoans using phylogenetic analysis and protein interaction predictions. We discovered a diversification of initiator caspases in molluscs, annelids, and brachiopods, and the loss of key extrinsic apoptosis components in platyhelminths, along with the emergence of a clade-specific caspase with an ankyrin pro-domain. Taken together, our data show a specific history of apoptotic actors’ evolution in lophotrochozoans, further demonstrating the appearance of distinct apoptotic signaling pathways during metazoan evolution.
Idiosyncratic genome evolution of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus at the limits of phototrophy
Authors: Pierpont C Logan , Baroch Jacob J , Church Matthew J , Miller Scott R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Thermophilic microorganisms are expected to have smaller cells and genomes compared with mesophiles, a higher proportion of horizontally acquired genes, and distinct nucleotide and amino acid composition signatures. Here, we took an integrative approach to investigate these apparent correlates of thermophily for Synechococcus A/B cyanobacteria, which include the most heat-tolerant phototrophs on the planet. Phylogenomics confirmed a unique origin of different thermotolerance ecotypes, with low levels of continued gene flow between ecologically divergent but overlapping populations, which has shaped the distribution of phenotypic traits along these geothermal gradients. More thermotolerant strains do have smaller genomes, but genome reduction is associated with a decrease in community richness and metabolic diversity, rather than with cell size. Horizontal gene transfer played only a limited role during Synechococcus evolution, but, the most thermotolerant strains have acquired a Thermus tRNA modification enzyme that may stabilize translation at high temperatures. Although nucleotide base composition was not associated with thermotolerance, we found a general replacement of aspartate with glutamate, as well as a dramatic remodeling of amino acid composition at the highest temperatures that substantially differed from previous predictions. We conclude that Synechococcus A/B genome diversification largely does not conform to the standard view of temperature adaptation. In addition, carbon fixation was more thermolabile than photosynthetic oxygen evolution for the most thermotolerant strains compared with less tolerant lineages. This suggests that increased flow of reducing power generated during the light reactions to an electron sink(s) beyond carbon dioxide has emerged during temperature adaptation of these bacteria.
Excrement and the Construction of the Praying Body in Rabbinic Literature
Authors: Bick Shraga 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article addresses the construction of prayer and of the defecating body in rabbinic literature. As opposed to viewing prayer as a spiritual and interior expression of religion and of one’s innermost depths, this study situates prayer within the context of actual bodies—that defecate, flatulate, urinate, spit, and sneeze—precisely at the moment when they wish to stand before the divine. Through a close reading of overlooked meticulous rabbinic discussions regarding cleansing the body before prayer, I examine both the rabbinic theory of prayer as well as the rabbis’ theory of the body while situating their approach within broader perceptions of “bodily bursts” in late antiquity. Instead of an idealized interiority, prominent in contemporary discourses on prayer, the rabbis are engaged in a detailed and ugly examination of their concrete interiority—and with the theological and anthropological meaning of their inability to completely regulate their own bodily activities.
Formalized soundness and completeness of epistemic and public announcement logic
Authors: From Asta Halkjær 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
I strengthen the foundations of epistemic logic by formalizing the family of normal modal logics in the proof assistant Isabelle/HOL. I define an abstract canonical model over any set of axioms and formalize completeness-via-canonicity: when the canonical model for the chosen axioms belongs to a certain class of frames, strong completeness over that class follows immediately. I instantiate the result with logics based on various epistemic principles to obtain completeness results for systems from K to S5. I then move to a family of public announcement logics (PAL) and prove abstract results for strong soundness and completeness. I lift the completeness results from epistemic logic to the setting with public announcements in a modular way. This work formulates the completeness-via-canonicity technique as a proper theorem and demonstrates its applicability. Additionally, it succinctly formalizes the requirements for lifting completeness from bare epistemic logic to the addition of public announcements.
Phylogenomic instructed target analysis reveals ELAV complex binding to multiple optimally spaced U-rich motifs
Authors: McQuarrie David W J , Soller Matthias 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
ELAV/Hu RNA-binding proteins are gene-specific regulators of alternative pre-mRNA processing. ELAV/Hu family proteins bind to short AU-rich motifs which are abundant in pre-mRNA, making it unclear how they achieve gene specificity. ELAV/Hu proteins multimerize, but how multimerization contributes to decode degenerate sequence environments remains uncertain. Here, we show that ELAV forms a saturable complex on extended RNA. Through phylogenomic instructed target analysis we identify the core binding motif U5N2U3, which is repeated in an extended binding site. Optimally spaced short U5N2U3 binding motifs are key for high-affinity binding in this minimal binding element. Binding strength correlates with ELAV-regulated alternative poly(A) site choice, which is physiologically relevant through regulation of the major ELAV target ewg in determining synapse numbers. We further identify a stem–loop secondary structure in the ewg binding site unwound upon ELAV binding at three distal U motifs. Base-pairing of U motifs prevents ELAV binding, but N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has little effect. Further, stem–loops are enriched in ELAV-regulated poly(A) sites. Additionally, ELAV can nucleate preferentially from 3′ to 5′. Hence, we identify a decisive mechanism for ELAV complex formation, addressing a fundamental gap in understanding how ELAV/Hu family proteins decode degenerate sequence spaces for gene-specific mRNA processing.
A GDSL motif-containing lipase modulates Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in Brassica napus
Authors: Ding Li-Na , Hu Ying-Hui , Li Teng , Li Ming , Li Yue-Tao , Wu Yuan-Zhen , Cao Jun , Tan Xiao-Li 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary is a devastating disease infecting hundreds of plant species. It also restricts the yield, quality, and safe production of rapeseed (Brassica napus) worldwide. However, the lack of resistance sources and genes to S. sclerotiorum has greatly restricted rapeseed SSR-resistance breeding. In this study, a previously identified GDSL motif-containing lipase gene, B. napus GDSL LIPASE-LIKE 1 (BnaC07.GLIP1), encoding a protein localized to the intercellular space, was characterized as functioning in plant immunity to S. sclerotiorum. The BnaC07.GLIP1 promoter is S. sclerotiorum-inducible and the expression of BnaC07.GLIP1 is substantially enhanced after S. sclerotiorum infection. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) heterologously expressing and rapeseed lines overexpressing BnaC07.GLIP1 showed enhanced resistance to S. sclerotiorum, whereas RNAi suppression and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout B. napus lines were hyper-susceptible to S. sclerotiorum. Moreover, BnaC07.GLIP1 affected the lipid composition and induced the production of phospholipid molecules, such as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidic acid, which were correlated with decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced expression of defense-related genes. A B. napus bZIP44 transcription factor specifically binds the CGTCA motif of the BnaC07.GLIP1 promoter to positively regulate its expression. BnbZIP44 responded to S. sclerotiorum infection, and its heterologous expression inhibited ROS accumulation, thereby enhancing S. sclerotiorum resistance in Arabidopsis. Thus, BnaC07.GLIP1 functions downstream of BnbZIP44 and is involved in S. sclerotiorum resistance by modulating the production of phospholipid molecules and ROS homeostasis in B. napus, providing insights into the potential roles and functional mechanisms of BnaC07.GLIP1 in plant immunity and for improving rapeseed SSR disease-resistance breeding.
Diagnostic Delay in Patients from the International Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis: Geographic, Sociodemographic and Disease-related factors
Authors: Poddubnyy Denis , Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Sommerfleck Fernando , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Bundy Christine , Makri Souzi , Correa-Fernández José , Akerkar Shashank , Davies Jo , Karam Elie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To assess diagnostic delay and its associated factors globally, in a large sample of patients included in the International Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (IMAS).

Methods
IMAS is a cross-sectional online survey (2017–22) of 5557 axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients from 27 countries. Diagnostic delay was calculated as the difference between age at diagnosis and age at first symptom onset reported by patients. Associations between diagnostic delay and regions, sociodemographic characteristics and disease-related factors were explored through univariable and multivariable linear regression analysis.

Results
Data from 5327 patients who reported data on diagnostic delay in IMAS survey were analysed: 3294 were from Europe, 752 from North America, 590 from Asia, 545 from Latin America and 146 from Africa. Overall, patients reported a mean diagnostic delay of 7.4 years (median: 4.0) since symptom onset, with substantial variation across regions; the highest delay was in South Africa and the lowest in Asia. The variables associated with longer diagnostic delay in the final multivariable regression model were: younger age at symptom onset (b = –0.100), female gender (b = 2.274), being diagnosed by a rheumatologist (b = 1.163), greater number of heathcare professionals (HCPs) seen before diagnosis (b = 1.033) and history of uveitis (b = 1.286).

Conclusion
In this global sample of axSpA patients the mean diagnostic delay was 7.4 years, and showed significant differences across regions. Younger age at symptom onset, female gender, diagnosis made by a rheumatologist, greater number of HCPs seen before diagnosis and history of uveitis were the parameters associated with a longer diagnostic delay in axSpA patients.
Assessment of Racial Bias within the Risk Analysis Index of Frailty
Authors: Jacobs Michael A. , Hausmann Leslie R. M. , Handzel Robert M. , Schmidt Susanne , Jacobs Carly A. , Hall Daniel E. 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
Our objective was to assess potential racial bias within the Risk Analysis Index (RAI).

Background:
Patient risk measures are rarely tested for racial bias. Measures of frailty, like the RAI, need to be evaluated for poor predictive performance among Black patients.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study using April 2010–March 2019 Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program and 2010–2019 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data. The performance of the RAI and several potential variants were compared between Black and White cases using various metrics to predict mortality (180-day for Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program, 30-day for National Surgical Quality Improvement Program).

Results:
Using the current, clinical threshold, the RAI performed as good or better among Black cases across various performance metrics versus White. When a higher threshold was used, Black cases had higher true positive rates but lower true negative rates, yielding 2.0% higher balanced accuracy. No RAI variant noticeably eliminated bias, improved parity across both true positives and true negatives, or improved overall model performance.

Conclusions:
The RAI tends to predict mortality among Black patients better than it predicts mortality among White patients. As existing bias-reducing techniques were not effective, further research into bias-reducing techniques is needed, especially for clinical risk predictions. We recommend using the RAI for both statistical analysis of surgical cohorts and quality improvement programs, such as the Surgical Pause.
Modernizing Public Health Data Systems and Workforce Capacity: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Public Health Informatics Fellowship Program
Authors: Kirkcaldy Robert D. , Biggers Bradley , Bonney Wilfred , Gordon Jeffrey , Yassine Brianne , Crawford Brandi , Papagari Sangareddy Sridhar , Franzke Laura , Bernstein Kyle T. 
Published: September 2024

Context:
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed governmental public health’s outdated information technology and insufficient data science and informatics workforce capacity. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Public Health Informatics Fellowship Program (PHIFP) is well positioned to strengthen public health data science and informatics workforce capacity.

Program:
Established in 1996, PHIFP is a 2-year, full-time, on-the-job training program. PHIFP includes a didactic curriculum, applied learning through informatics projects completed at the assigned host site, short-term technical assistance projects, and a final capstone project.

Evaluation:
Fellows have learned from and bolstered host site informatics capacity through the development or enhancement of information systems, evaluations, data integration, data visualization, and analysis. Among recent graduates, 54% are employed at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and 16% are employed at other public health organizations, including local health departments.

Discussion:
Fellowships such as PHIFP, which recruit and train promising scientists in public health informatics, are important components of efforts to strengthen public health workforce capacity.