bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do we need antiplatelet therapy in thrombocytosis? Contra
Authors: Scharf Rüdiger 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThrombocytosis is a frequent laboratory finding but not a diagnosis. Therefore, elevated platelet counts (>450 × 109/l) require careful diagnostic work-up to differentiate between reactive thrombocytosis (RT), caused by various conditions, and essential thrombocythemia (ET), a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). In either setting, aspirin is widely used in clinical practice. However, RT (even at platelet counts >1000 × 109/l) has never been shown to cause thrombosis or bleeding due to acquired von Willebrand factor defects in association with high platelet counts. Identification of reactive conditions and appropriate therapy of the underlying disorder are most relevant. By contrast to RT, ET and related MPN can be associated with thrombosis and/or hemorrhage. Current recommendations suggest the use of low-dose aspirin in all patients with ET unless contraindicated. However, the strength of this recommendation is weak, i. e. evidence level IIb grade B. A potential benefit of aspirin used for primary thromboprophylaxis in ET is mostly derived from the ECLAP study in polycythemia vera (PV). However, translating study results from PV to ET appears to be highly questionable and may be biased. In the absence of robust data regarding the benefit-risk balance of aspirin in ET, it appears reasonable (1) to stratify patients according to their individual thrombotic and bleeding risk, (2) to restrict the use of aspirin to high-risk categories and patients with microcirculatory disturbances, (3) to test for pharmacological efficacy (COX-1 inhibition; measurement of TXB2), and (4) to modify the aspirin dosing regimen (twice instead of once daily) if required.
Arrest Regiopost en sociale voorwaarden bij overheidsaanbestedingen
Authors: Essers M.J.J.M. 
Published: July 2016

Arrest Regiopost en sociale voorwaarden bij overheidsaanbestedingen
De Europese Unie dient op grond van artikel 3 lid 3 van het Verdrag betreffende de Europese Unie (VEU) sociale uitsluiting en discriminatie te bestrijden en sociale rechtvaardigheid en bescherming te bevorderen. Het Hof van Justitie oordeelde in de zaak Regiopost dat het stellen van een minimumlooneis ter bestrijding van ‘asociale ondernemers’ in aanbestedingsstukken mogelijk is, ongeacht of er een algemeen wettelijk minimumloon of een algemeen verbindende cao is. In dit artikel wordt mede aan de hand van dit arrest ingegaan op de beleidsruimte voor aanbestedende diensten bij het realiseren van sociale doelstellingen.HvJ 17 november 2015, zaak C-115/14, RegioPost, ECLI:EU:C:2015:760
Delegatie van Regelgevingsbevoegdheid aan de Europese Commissie post-Lissabon
Authors: van der Mei A.P. 
Published: July 2016

Delegatie van Regelgevingsbevoegdheid aan de Europese Commissie post-Lissabon
Het Verdrag van Lissabon heeft in het VWEU twee nieuwe artikelen opgenomen op grond waarvan de Europese Commissie de bevoegdheid kan worden toegekend gedelegeerde handelingen (art. 290 VWEU) of uitvoeringshandelingen (art. 291 VWEU) vast te stellen. De artikelen roepen tal van vragen op waarvan er twee in de in deze bijdrage te bespreken zaken aan het Hof van Justitie werden voorgelegd. De eerste, en de belangrijkste, betreft de scheidslijn tussen de artikelen 290 en 291 VWEU: wanneer dient er te worden gekozen voor een gedelegeerde handeling en wanneer voor een uitvoeringshandeling? De tweede vraag, die meer ziet op de techniek van wetgeving, betreft het in artikel 290 VWEU gemaakte onderscheid tussen het wijzigen en het aanvullen van een wetgevingshandeling.HvJ 16 Juli 2015, zaak C-88/14 Commissie/Parlement en Raad (Visa), ECLI:EU:C:2015:499 en HvJ 17 maart 2016, zaak C-286/14, Parlement/Commissie (Connecting Europe Facility), ECLI:EU:C:2016:183
Comprar gato por lebre O "assalto" teológico à abrodagem histórico-filológica da raiz br' entre os sáculos XVIII e XX
Authors: Luiz Ribeiro Osvaldo 
Published: July 2016

Revisão crítica da abordagem à raiz br em léxicos e dicionários de Hebraico dos séculos XVIII e XX. Pesquisa bibliográfica. Identificam-se três fases na abordagem aplicada à raiz br desde 1756, respectivamente: a fase propriamente histórico-filológica e marcada pelos léxicos de Simonis e Gesenius, na qual a raiz br é apresentada em única entrada, sem distinção de raízes e sem privilégios de sentido para qualquer tronco verbal, com sentido geral gravitando em torno do sentido de “cortar”; a segunda fase, em que mesmo as traduções de Gesenius sofrem alteração, restringindo-se ao tronco Qal o sentido de “criar”; e, finalmente, a fase do século XX, na qual se identifica a fragmentação da raiz br em três raízes, com a consequente separação “ontológica” dos sentidos de criar, de um lado, reservado a raiz br I, exclusivamente no tronco Qal, e cujo agente/ator seria “Deus”, e, de outro lado, cortar, sentido reservado para a raiz br III. A partir da segunda fase, as traduções de seus léxicos e dicionários afastam-se progressivamente do tratamento original de br que Gesenius aplicava na primeira metade do século XIX. No século XX, com a introdução do conceito das três raízes de br , o conteúdo dos léxicos e dicionários atribuídos a Gesenius não guardam mais relação com o conteúdo expresso nos Gesenius do século XIX.
Gelled colloidal crystals as tunable optical filters for spectrophotometers
Authors: Sugao Yukihiro , Onda Sachiko , Toyotama Akiko , Takiguchi Yoshihiro , Sawada Tsutomu , Hara Shigeo , Nishikawa Suguru , Yamanaka Junpei 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We examined the performance of charged colloidal crystals immobilized in a polymer gel as tunable optical filters. The colloidal crystals of charged silica particles (particle diameter = 121 nm; particle concentration = 3.5 vol %; and Bragg wavelength λB = 630–720 nm) were produced by unidirectional crystallization under a temperature gradient. Photocurable gelation reagents were dissolved in the sample beforehand; this enabled gel immobilization of the crystals under ultraviolet illumination. The crystals had dimensions of more than 25 mm2 in area and 1 mm in thickness, and spatial λB variations of less than 1%. Upon mechanical compression, λB values shifted linearly and reversibly over almost the entire visible spectrum. Using the gelled crystals as tunable optical filters, we measured the transmittance spectra of various samples and found them to be in close agreement with those determined using a spectrophotometer equipped with optical gratings.
Electrical properties of undoped and Li-doped NiO thin films deposited by RF sputtering without intentional heating
Authors: Sugiyama Mutsumi , Nakai Hiroshi , Sugimoto Gaku , Yamada Aika , Chichibu Shigefusa F. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The fundamental transmittance and electrical properties of undoped and Li-doped NiO thin films deposited by conventional RF sputtering without intentional heating were evaluated. Both the transmittance and resistivity of undoped and Li-doped NiO decreased with increasing O2 fraction in the sputtering gas, f(O2) = O2/(Ar + O2). The result is attributed to the increase in the concentration of acceptors of Ni vacancies (VNi) under oxygen-rich growth conditions. In addition to VNi, Li atom on the Ni site (LiNi) likely acts as a shallow accepter, which can explain the experimental finding that the carrier concentration of Li-doped NiO was approximately three orders of magnitude higher than that of the undoped case deposited under the same f(O2). The mobility of NiO was remarkably low (around 0.1–1.0 cm2 V−1 s−1) and almost independent of f(O2) or the amount of doping, reflecting the large hole effective mass.
Non uniform thermal oxidation of SiC and its impact on electrical characteristics
Authors: Nagai Ryu , Hasunuma Ryu , Yamabe Kikuo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The surface and interface roughnesses of SiO2 films thermally grown on 4H-SiC were investigated by atomic force microscopy. The roughness increases with oxide thickness in the initial oxidation stage, and it saturates at a certain thickness. An increase in roughness reflects nonuniform thermal oxidation. In addition, the two-dimensional fluctuation of oxide film thickness becomes marked for the thin film. Furthermore, current density vs voltage characteristics were investigated using MOS capacitors with various oxide thicknesses. The dispersion of the leakage current was found to be related to the oxide surface and interface roughnesses. On the other hand, time-zero dielectric breakdown voltage showed no relation to the roughness.
Novel current collapse mode induced by source leakage current in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors and its impact
Authors: Tsubomi Kunihiro , Muraguchi Masakazu , Endoh Tetsuo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The suppression of the current collapse phenomenon is required for reducing on-resistance in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors. Current collapse is caused by electron trapping at the surface and in the buffer layer. In previous works, electron injection to traps has been mainly regarded as being due to gate leakage current; however, other factors have not been discussed. In this study, a novel current collapse mode induced by source leakage current is examined with a 2D device simulator. In addition to gate leakage current, electron trapping is induced by source leakage current that flows under the gate electrode during the off-state. The electron trapping increases on-resistance and decreases pinch-off voltage. The increase in on-resistance is clarified under several trap and voltage conditions. In the simulated range, it is revealed that the on-resistance increases over 1.31 times by the source current collapse mode only, when the stress drain voltage of 500 V is applied during the off-state.
Editorial: Discussing conflicts of interest during a Kettil Bruun Society symposium, June 2014, Turin (Italy)
Authors: Allamani Allaman , Beccaria Franca 
Published: July 2016

Allamani, A., & Beccaria, F. (2016). Editorial: Discussing conflicts of interest during a Kettil Bruun Society symposium, June 2014, Turin (Italy). The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 1-3. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.226Human beings have always sought after truth and made efforts to define and measure objects and events outside and inside themselves. In the last four centuries, since the time of Galileo, scholars came to agree more and more on a scientific method that could be shared in order to obtain replicable results that could become a common good for humanity. The results of a study can in fact lead to technological applications in various sectors of human life, like education, commerce, industry, and health.The search for scientific truth and its relationship with the economy has always had a complicated life: first, because in any given moment there will be different ideas about truth, and second, because researchers need both the means and the time to conduct their work. This is why a researcher must either support him- or herself and/or be financially supported by someone that may have different expectations about the research results.Thus, this involves the integrity of both the individual researcher and his/her referral network—the "scientific community"—that can call into question their ethical sphere by a potentially problematic relationship with truth, economy, and utility.
Addiction journals and the management of conflicts of interest
Authors: Stenius Kerstin 
Published: July 2016

Stenius, K. (2016). Addiction journals and the management of conflicts of interest. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 9-10. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.233Scientific journals are crucial for a critical and open exchange of new research findings and as guardians of the quality of science. Today, as policy makers increasingly justify decision-making with references to scientific evidence, and research articles form the basis for evidence for specific measures, journals also have an indirect responsibility for how political decisions will be shaped.
Seismic moulin tremor
Authors: Roeoesli Claudia , Walter Fabian , Ampuero Jean‐Paul , Kissling Edi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThrough glacial moulins, meltwater is routed from the glacier surface to its base. Moulins are a main feature feeding subglacial drainage systems and thus influencing basal motion and ice dynamics, but their geometry remains poorly known. Here we show that analysis of the seismic wavefield generated by water falling into a moulin can help constrain its geometry. We present modeling results of hour‐long seimic tremors emitted from a vertical moulin shaft, observed with a seismometer array installed at the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The tremor was triggered when the moulin water level exceeded a certain height, which we associate with the threshold for the waterfall to hit directly the surface of the moulin water column. The amplitude of the tremor signal changed over each tremor episode, in close relation to the amount of inflowing water. The tremor spectrum features multiple prominent peaks, whose characteristic frequencies are distributed like the resonant modes of a semiopen organ pipe and were found to depend on the moulin water level, consistent with a source composed of resonant tube waves (water pressure waves coupled to elastic deformation of the moulin walls) along the water‐filled moulin pipe. Analysis of surface particle motions lends further support to this interpretation. The seismic wavefield was modeled as a superposition of sustained wave radiation by pressure sources on the side walls and at the bottom of the moulin. The former was found to dominate the wave field at close distance and the latter at large distance to the moulin.
Estimating uncertainties in the newly developed multi‐source land snow data assimilation system
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Fei , Yang Zong‐Liang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe snow simulations from the recently developed multivariate land snow data assimilation system (SNODAS) for the Northern Hemisphere are assessed with regard to uncertainties in atmospheric forcing, model structure, data assimilation technique, and satellite remote sensing product. The SNODAS consists of the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) and the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4). A series of experiments are conducted to estimate each of the above uncertainty sources. The experiments include several open‐loop model cases and data assimilation cases that assimilate the snow cover fraction (SCF) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the terrestrial water storage (TWS) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). The atmospheric forcing uncertainty in terms of precipitation and radiation is found to be the largest among the various uncertainty sources examined, especially over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and most of the mid‐ and high‐latitudes. Model structure and choice of data assimilation technique are also two big sources of uncertainty in SNODAS. The uncertainty of model structure is represented by two different parameterizations of SCF. The density‐based SCF scheme (as used in CLM4) generally results in better snow simulations than does the stochastic SCF scheme (as in CLM4.5) within the data assimilation framework. The choice of TWS products retrieved from GRACE has relatively the least impact on the snow data assimilation.
Spatial statistical network models for stream and river temperature in New England, USA
Authors: Detenbeck Naomi E. , Morrison Alisa C. , Abele Ralph W. , Kopp Darin A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWatershed managers are challenged by the need for predictive temperature models with sufficient accuracy and geographic breadth for practical use. We described thermal regimes of New England rivers and streams based on a reduced set of metrics for the May–September growing season (July or August median temperature, diurnal rate of change, and magnitude and timing of growing season maximum) chosen through principal component analysis of 78 candidate metrics. We then developed and assessed spatial statistical models for each of these metrics, incorporating spatial autocorrelation based on both distance along the flow network and Euclidean distance between points. Calculation of spatial autocorrelation based on travel or retention time in place of network distance yielded tighter‐fitting Torgegrams with less scatter but did not improve overall model prediction accuracy. We predicted monthly median July or August stream temperatures as a function of median air temperature, estimated urban heat island effect, shaded solar radiation, main channel slope, watershed storage (percent lake and wetland area), percent coarse‐grained surficial deposits, and presence or maximum depth of a lake immediately upstream, with an overall root‐mean‐square prediction error of 1.4 and 1.5°C, respectively. Growing season maximum water temperature varied as a function of air temperature, local channel slope, shaded August solar radiation, imperviousness, and watershed storage. Predictive models for July or August daily range, maximum daily rate of change, and timing of growing season maximum were statistically significant but explained a much lower proportion of variance than the above models (5–14% of total).
Inverse energy dispersion of energetic ions observed in the magnetosheath
Authors: Lee S. H. , Sibeck D. G. , Hwang K.‐J. , Wang Y. , Silveira M. V. D. , Fok M.‐C. , Mauk B. H. , Cohen I. J. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Kitamura N. , Burch J. L. , Giles B. L. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Lester M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe present a case study of energetic ions observed by the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) on the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft in the magnetosheath just outside the subsolar magnetopause that occurred at 1000 UT on 8 December 2015. As the magnetopause receded inward, the EPD observed a burst of energetic (∼50–1000 keV) proton, helium, and oxygen ions that exhibited an inverse dispersion, with the lowest energy ions appearing first. The prolonged interval of fast antisunward flow observed in the magnetosheath and transient increases in the H components of global ground magnetograms demonstrate that the burst appeared at a time when the magnetosphere was rapidly compressed. We attribute the inverse energy dispersion to the leakage along reconnected magnetic field lines of betatron‐accelerated energetic ions in the magnetosheath, and a burst of reconnection has an extent of about 1.5 RE using combined Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radar and EPD observations.
Dynamical downscaling of tropical cyclones from CCSM4 simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Yoo Jinwoong , Galewsky Joseph , Camargo Suzana J. , Korty Robert , Zamora Ryan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDynamical downscaling of simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and late twentieth century (20C) were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the aim of (1) understanding how the downscaled kinematic and thermodynamic variables influence simulated tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the western North Pacific during the LGM and the 20C periods and (2) to test the relevance of TC genesis factors for the colder LGM climate. The results show that, despite the lower temperatures during the LGM, the downscaled TC climatology over the western North Pacific in the LGM simulation does not differ significantly from that in the 20C simulation. Among the TC environmental factors, the TC potential intensity, mid‐tropospheric entropy deficit, and vertical wind shear during the LGM were consistent with previous analyses of TC genesis factors in LGM global climate model simulations. Changes in TC genesis density between the LGM and the 20C simulations seem to be well represented by the ventilation index, a nondimensional measure of the combined effects of vertical wind shear, and thermodynamic properties, suggesting the potential applicability of those factors for TC activity evaluation during the LGM and possibly other climates.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Phosphoryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridazines via an Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation/1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition/Rearrangement Reaction Sequence
Authors: Du Fei , Yin Liyang , Ning Yanqiang , Peng Yungui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA novel methodology has been developed for the synthesis of chiral phosphoryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridazine derivatives based on an asymmetric allylic alkylation/intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition/rearrangement reaction sequence, various chiral 3‐phosphoryl‐4‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridazine‐5‐carboxylates were achieved in high yields with high enantioselectivities. Moreover, chiral 4,5‐dihydropyridazinone derivatives were also facilely furnished by the reduction of the allylic alkylation products of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates and α‐diazophosphonates.magnified image
Cobalt‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalizations by Imidate Assistance with Aryl and Alkyl Chlorides
Authors: Mei Ruhuai , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA catalytic system comprising the inexpensive cobalt(II) acetylacetonate [Co(acac)2] and an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand enabled versatile C−H arylations by oxazoline assistance. The broadly applicable, low‐valent cobalt catalyst displayed a wide substrate scope, and even proved applicable to challenging C−H alkylations with β‐hydrogen‐containing primary and secondary alkyl chlorides. The power of the cobalt‐catalyzed C−H arylation protocol was among others reflected by facile C−H activation at a room temperature of 23 °C, and efficient late‐stage diversification, providing access to bioactive biaryls.magnified image
Die Reaktion von Neopentyllithium mit Kalium‐tert‐butoxid: Bildung einer alkanlöslichen Lochmann‐Schlosser‐Superbase
Authors: Benrath Philipp , Kaiser Maximilian , Limbach Thomas , Mondeshki Mihail , Klett Jan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGemische aus Alkyllithium und Alkoxiden der schweren Alkalimetalle eignen sich zur Herstellung der entsprechenden Alkylverbindungen. Sie zeichnen sich ebenfalls durch ihre Reaktivität bei Metallierungsreaktionen aus. Diese metallorganischen Mischungen werden oft als LiC‐KOR‐Superbasen bezeichnet, doch trotz vieler Bemühungen ist nur wenig über ihren Aufbau bekannt. Hier werden dimetallische Alkalimetall‐Alkyl/Alkoxy‐Verbindungen vorgestellt, die durch die Reaktion von Neopentyllithium und Kalium‐tert‐butoxid gebildet werden. Dank guter Löslichkeit in Alkanen und Temperaturbeständigkeit der Neopentylverbindungen konnten die Lösungen in n‐Hexan bei Umgebungstemperatur gehandhabt werden und ermöglichten die Isolierung durch Kristallisation. Die Verbindungen konnten durch Röntgendiffraktometrie und NMR‐Spektroskopie sowohl in fester Form als auch in Lösung als Li/K‐Neopentyl/tert‐Butoxy‐Aggregate mit veränderlicher Zusammensetzung LixKyNpz(OtBu)x+y−z identifiziert werden.
Identification of HcgC as a SAM‐Dependent Pyridinol Methyltransferase in [Fe]‐Hydrogenase Cofactor Biosynthesis
Authors: Fujishiro Takashi , Bai Liping , Xu Tao , Xie Xiulan , Schick Michael , Kahnt Jörg , Rother Michael , Hu Xile , Ermler Ulrich , Shima Seigo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPrevious retrosynthetic and isotope‐labeling studies have indicated that biosynthesis of the iron guanylylpyridinol (FeGP) cofactor of [Fe]‐hydrogenase requires a methyltransferase. This hypothetical enzyme covalently attaches the methyl group at the 3‐position of the pyridinol ring. We describe the identification of HcgC, a gene product of the hcgA‐G cluster responsible for FeGP cofactor biosynthesis. It acts as an S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM)‐dependent methyltransferase, based on the crystal structures of HcgC and the HcgC/SAM and HcgC/S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) complexes. The pyridinol substrate, 6‐carboxymethyl‐5‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridinol, was predicted based on properties of the conserved binding pocket and substrate docking simulations. For verification, the assumed substrate was synthesized and used in a kinetic assay. Mass spectrometry and NMR analysis revealed 6‐carboxymethyl‐3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridinol as the reaction product, which confirmed the function of HcgC.