bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fulvic and Salicylic Acids Improve Morpho-Physio-Biochemical Attributes, Yield and Fruit Quality of Two Mango Cultivars Exposed to Dual Salinity and Heat Stress Conditions
Authors: Samad Asmaa G. A. Abdel , Shaaban Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The present research’s main objective was to explore the potential stimulative effect of fulvic acid (FA) as a soil conditioner and salicylic acid (SA) as foliar spraying on morpho-physio-biochemical attributes, fruit yield, and quality of ‘Sediek’ and ‘Ewais’ mango cultivars (cvs.) grown under saline calcareous soil and heat stress conditions

Methods
Eight treatments, namely, 200 (FA200) and 400 (FA400) g FA tree−1 as a soil addition, 200 (SA200) or 400 (SA400) mg SA L−1 as foliar spraying, and their bilateral combinations (e.g., FA200 + SA200, FA200 + SA400, FA400 + SA200, and FA400 + SA400) compared to untreated control on morpho-physio-biochemical attributes, yield, and fruit quality of ‘Sediek’ and ‘Ewais’ mango cvs. grown under saline calcareous soil and heat stress conditions were assessed. These treatments were carried out using a split-plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design replicated three times during the 2022 and 2023 seasons.

Results
Cultivar Sediek had higher SPAD value, leaf proline and phenolic content, leaf area, fruit weight, yield and vitamin C than Ewais which had higher tree water status and shoot length. Saline calcareous and heat-stressed mango trees without FA or/and SA treatment had a significant decline in their water status, photosynthetic traits, biochemical responses that adversely affected growth and yield and fruit quality. However, soil FA addition and foliar SA spraying alone or in combination at any application level attenuated the negative effects of saline calcareous and heat-stress conditions via enhancing the morpho-physio-biochemical attributes, positively reflecting in tree growth, yield, and fruit quality. FA treatment alone improved tree water status (membrane stability index; MSI and relative water content; RWC), photosynthetic traits (SPAD value and maximum photochemical efficiency; Fv/Fm), leaf area, fruit weight, fruit yield, and fruit vitamin C (fruit vit.C), while SA treatment alone enhanced leaf proline and phenolic content, shoot length, and fruit total soluble solids (fruit TSS) compared to the non-FA or SA-treated control. Moreover, co-application of FA400 and SA400 effectively alleviated the harmful impacts of dual stress of heat and salinity on mango trees by improving MSI, RWC, SPAD value, Fv/Fm, proline and phenolic content, fruit weight, fruit yield, fruit TSS, fruit vit.C by 19.7, 26.1, 46.7, 18.7, 101.7, 390.7, 42.7, 6.8, 22.6, 69.6% (averages of the two seasons), respectively, compared to the non-FA or SA-treated trees.

Conclusion
It is recommended to add 400 g FA tree−1 to soil integrated with 400 mg SA L−1 foliar spraying four times at 30-day intervals for improving water status and photosynthetic traits, proline and phenolic accumulation, thereby growth, yield, and fruit quality of mango trees exposed to dual stress of heat and salinity under arid conditions.
Dissecting the Single-Cell Diversity and Heterogeneity Underlying Cervical Precancerous Lesions and Cancer Tissues
Authors: Han Yanling , Shi Lu , Jiang Nan , Huang Jiamin , Jia Xiuzhi , Zhu Bo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe underlying cellular diversity and heterogeneity from cervix precancerous lesions to cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is investigated. Four single-cell datasets including normal tissues, normal adjacent tissues, precancerous lesions, and cervical tumors were integrated to perform disease stage analysis. Single-cell compositional data analysis (scCODA) was utilized to reveal the compositional changes of each cell type. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among cell types were annotated using BioCarta. An assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) analysis was performed to correlate epigenetic alterations with gene expression profiles. Lastly, a logistic regression model was used to assess the similarity between the original and new cohort data (HRA001742). After global annotation, seven distinct cell types were categorized. Eight consensus-upregulated DEGs were identified in B cells among different disease statuses, which could be utilized to predict the overall survival of CSCC patients. Inferred copy number variation (CNV) analysis of epithelial cells guided disease progression classification. Trajectory and ATAC-seq integration analysis identified 95 key transcription factors (TF) and one immunohistochemistry (IHC) testified key-node TF (YY1) involved in epithelial cells from CSCC initiation to progression. The consistency of epithelial cell subpopulation markers was revealed with single-cell sequencing, bulk sequencing, and RT-qPCR detection. KRT8 and KRT15, markers of Epi6, showed progressively higher expression with disease progression as revealed by IHC detection. The logistic regression model testified the robustness of the resemblance of clusters among the various datasets utilized in this study. Valuable insights into CSCC cellular diversity and heterogeneity provide a foundation for future targeted therapy.
Ukraine, Wagner, and Russia's Convict-Soldiers
Authors: Pattison James 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOne of the most pronounced features of the war in Ukraine has been the heavy reliance of the Russian forces on convict-soldiers, most notably by the private military and security company (PMSC) the Wagner Group. In this essay, I explore the ethical problems with using convict-soldiers and assess how using them compares to other military arrangements, such as conscription or an all-volunteer force. Overall, I argue that the central issue with using prisoners to fight wars is their perceived expendability. To do this, I present three arguments. First, although many prisoners have been under major duress, using convict-soldiers may be somewhat preferable to using conscripts in this regard. Second, convict-soldiers are more likely to be subject to human rights abuses than other types of soldiers and this should be seen as the main problem with their use. Third, convict-soldiers’ liability to lethal force for fighting in an unjust war does not render it permissible to treat them as expendable.
Multi‐Elemental Statistical Features of Early Paleogene Sediments From the Mid‐Latitude Eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: Kuwahara Yusuke , Yasukawa Kazutaka , Tanaka Erika , Nakamura Kentaro , Ikehara Minoru , Kato Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe early Paleogene, including the Paleocene and Eocene, is characterized by Warmhouse and Hothouse climate states with superimposed transient warming events known as hyperthermals. While these paleoenvironmental changes are well‐documented in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, records of such changes in the Indian Ocean are limited. Here, we present a new data set of bulk chemical composition and stable isotopic ratios from the late Paleocene to middle Eocene sediments on the Exmouth Plateau in the mid‐latitude eastern Indian Ocean. The bulk δ13C and δ18O suggest a warming period called the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) and cooling toward the middle Eocene in a long‐term perspective. In the short‐term, we identified at least six hyperthermals (Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, H2, I1, J, ETM3, and L) in the studied sections. By applying independent component (IC) analyses (ICA) to the bulk chemical composition data, we identified six ICs corresponding to sediment source materials and post‐depositional processes. The ICA result infers an increase in detrital materials or a decrease in carbonate rain flux, and an increased population of higher‐order consumers in the oceanic ecosystem during both long‐term (EECO) and short‐term (hyperthermal) warmings around the Exmouth Plateau. Furthermore, ICs representing diagenetic processes and post‐depositional remobilization of elements showed excursions across the hyperthermal horizons, indicating that changes in the redox state of pore or bottom water are associated with hyperthermals. This study provides critical insights into the paleoceanography of the Indian Ocean, highlighting the response of marine environments to both long‐term and short‐term climatic events during the early Paleogene.
Paleomagnetic Constraints on the Rapid Plate Shift of North China Block During the Jurassic From ∼155 Ma Dykes and Sills
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Yi Zhiyu , Meert Joseph G. , Liu Yu‐Shu , Yang Silin , Wang Fei , Li Zaijun , Huang Baochun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA large‐scale apparent polar wander occurred during the Jurassic interval, which is interpreted as true polar wander (TPW). As the motion is nearly orthogonal to the TPW axis, the North China Block (NCB) experienced the largest latitudinal and environmental changes and provides unique constraints on Jurassic TPW. However, due to the lack and uneven quality of paleomagnetic data, TPW records in North China are controversial. Here, we report a new paleomagnetic pole (80.8°N, 13.0°E, A95 = 7.4°) from the late Jurassic sills and dykes that intrude the Nandaling and Xiahuayuan formations in the NCB. The new pole places the NCB at 36.8° ± 7.4°N at 155 ± 3.4 Ma, using Beijing as the reference site. Combined with the reliable Jurassic poles, our study reveals a large, steady southward shift of 37.3° ± 7.2° for the NCB during the Middle and Late Jurassic, and reflects a component of TPW. The position of ∼155 Ma pole also supports significant TPW prior to ∼160 Ma and agrees with proposals attributing the diachronous 165–155 Ma aridification across the Eastern Asian blocks.
Temperature‐Driven Dengue Transmission in a Changing Climate: Patterns, Trends, and Future Projections
Authors: Feng Fengliu , Ma Yuxia , Qin Pengpeng , Zhao Yuhan , Liu Zongrui , Wang Wanci , Cheng Bowen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDengue is a rapidly spreading mosquito‐borne infectious disease that is sensitive to climate factors and poses a major public health concern worldwide. We analyzed dengue incidence trends and the relationship between annual mean minimum temperatures (AMMTs) and dengue incidence rates from 1990 to 2019 in 122 countries using the Global Burden of Disease and TerraClimate data sets. We also projected global dengue incidence rates under different carbon emission scenarios using temperature data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) data set. Our results reveal a significant increase in global dengue cases from 1990 to 2019 and a positive correlation between temperature and dengue incidence. The association between AMMT and dengue incidence strengthened at temperatures exceeding 21°C. Central and eastern sub‐Saharan Africa, as well as Oceania, were identified as the regions most sensitive to dengue; males and individuals aged 15–19 or 70–84 years were the most susceptible to dengue under rising temperatures. Our projections suggest that global dengue incidence will substantially increase by 2050 and 2100. By 2100, regions including Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, the southern United States, southern China, and island countries in the Pacific and Indian Oceans are projected to become year‐round dengue‐endemic under a high‐emission climate scenario. Our findings underscore the importance of implementing effective measures to mitigate the impact of climate change on dengue transmission. Identifying high‐risk areas and susceptible populations, along with understanding the projected expansion of dengue‐endemic regions, will provide valuable guidance for targeted interventions to address this growing global health challenge in the face of changing climatic conditions.
The Evolution of the Hunga Hydration in a Moistening Stratosphere
Authors: Millán L. , Read W. G. , Santee M. L. , Lambert A. , Manney G. L. , Neu J. L. , Pitts M. C. , Werner F. , Livesey N. J. , Schwartz M. J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe 2022 Hunga eruption caused unprecedented stratospheric hydration. Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements show that the stratospheric water vapor mass remains essentially unchanged as of early 2024 and that the Hunga hydration occurred atop a robust (possibly accelerating) moistening trend in the stratosphere. Enhanced by the excess Hunga water vapor, dehydration via polar stratospheric cloud sedimentation in the 2023 Antarctic vortex exceeded climatological values by 50%. Simple projections based on modeled exponential decay illustrate that the timing of the return to humidity levels that would have been expected absent the Hunga hydration depends on the ongoing stratospheric water vapor trend. With the Hunga hydration compounding an underlying moistening trend, the stratosphere could remain anomalously humid for an extended period.
EMPPIC: A PIC Code for Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse
Authors: Yao Jiansheng , Zhao Yingkui , Wang Min , Xia Yin , Ye Difa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP) is a pulsed electromagnetic wave generated by the prompt gamma emitted from a nuclear explosion. In the 1970s, Longley and Longmire proposed a simulation method for the NEMP, which has been widely used in the NEMP simulation such as the widely used code CHAP. Constrained by the computational capabilities of the time, the CHAP program relied on numerous assumptions, which have been scrutinized in recent years. In addition to the CHAP method, in 2016, Friedman et al. proposed the idea of constructing a NEMP program based on the Particle‐in‐Cell (PIC) method. The PIC method not only accurately simulates the dynamics of electrons but also self‐consistently simulates the influence of pulsed electromagnetic fields on electrons, and requires fewer assumptions. Unfortunately, due to the excessively computational consuming of the PIC method, Friedman et al. couldn't simulate the full‐scale NEMP spanning tens of kilometers. In this paper, we present the first full‐scale simulation program for the NEMP based on the PIC‐fluid coupling method. By utilizing the moving window method, double‐grid methods and linked list storage techniques, we significantly reduce the computational consuming. Additionally, a mixed scattering collision method is used to efficiently simulate elastic collisions between Compton electrons and atmospheric molecules. Detailed discussions of the relevant simulation results are also provided.
Renal fibroblasts are involved in fibrogenic changes in kidney fibrosis associated with dysfunctional telomeres
Authors: Saraswati Sarita , Martínez Paula , Serrano Rosa , Mejías Diego , Graña-Castro Osvaldo , Álvarez Díaz Ruth , Blasco Maria A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTubulointerstitial fibrosis associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global health care problem. We previously reported that short and dysfunctional telomeres lead to interstitial renal fibrosis; however, the cell-of-origin of kidney fibrosis associated with telomere dysfunction is currently unknown. We induced telomere dysfunction by deleting the Trf1 gene encoding a telomere-binding factor specifically in renal fibroblasts in both short-term and long-term life-long experiments in mice to identify the role of fibroblasts in renal fibrosis. Short-term Trf1 deletion in renal fibroblasts was not sufficient to trigger kidney fibrosis but was sufficient to induce inflammatory responses, ECM deposition, cell cycle arrest, fibrogenesis, and vascular rarefaction. However, long-term persistent deletion of Trf1 in fibroblasts resulted in kidney fibrosis accompanied by an elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) and a decrease in mouse survival. These cellular responses lead to the macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT), endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), ultimately causing kidney fibrosis at the humane endpoint (HEP) when the deletion of Trf1 in fibroblasts is maintained throughout the lifespan of mice. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of dysfunctional telomeres in the onset of the profibrotic alterations that lead to kidney fibrosis.
Taming hemoglobin chemistry—a new hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier engineered with both decreased rates of nitric oxide scavenging and lipid oxidation
Authors: Cooper Chris E. , Simons Michelle , Dyson Alex , Leiva Eriksson Nélida , Silkstone Gary G. A. , Syrett Natalie , Allen-Baume Victoria , Bülow Leif , Ronda Luca , Mozzarelli Andrea , Singer Mervyn , Reeder Brandon J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe clinical utility of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) is limited by adverse heme oxidative chemistry. A variety of tyrosine residues were inserted on the surface of the γ subunit of recombinant fetal hemoglobin to create novel electron transport pathways. This enhanced the ability of the physiological antioxidant ascorbate to reduce ferryl heme and decrease lipid peroxidation. The γL96Y mutation presented the best profile of oxidative protection unaccompanied by loss of protein stability and function. N-terminal deletions were constructed to facilitate the production of recombinant hemoglobin by fermentation and phenylalanine insertions in the heme pocket to decrease the rate of NO dioxygenation. The resultant mutant (αV1del. αL29F, γG1del. γV67F, γL96Y) significantly decreased NO scavenging and lipid peroxidation in vitro. Unlike native hemoglobin or a recombinant control (αV1del, γG1del), this mutation showed no increase in blood pressure immediately following infusion in a rat model of reperfusion injury, suggesting that it was also able to prevent NO scavenging in vivo. Infusion of the mutant also resulted in no meaningful adverse physiological effects apart from diuresis, and no increase in oxidative stress, as measured by urinary isoprostane levels. Following PEGylation via the Euro-PEG-Hb method to increase vascular retention, this novel protein construct was compared with saline in a severe rat reperfusion injury model (45% blood volume removal for 90 minutes followed by reinfusion to twice the volume of shed blood). Blood pressure and survival were followed for 4 h post-reperfusion. While there was no difference in blood pressure, the PEGylated Hb mutant significantly increased survival.
Artificial intelligent-driven decision-making for automating root fracture detection in periapical radiographs
Authors: Abdelazim Riem , Fouad Eman M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The detection and early diagnosis of root fractures can be challenging; this difficulty applies particularly to newly qualified dentists. Aside from clinical examination, diagnosis often requires radiographic assessment. Nonetheless, human fallibility can introduce errors due to a lack of experience.

Aim
The proposed system aimed to assist in detecting root fractures through the integration of artificial intelligence techniques into the diagnosis process as a step for automating dental diagnosis and decision-making processes.

Materials and method
A total of 400 radiographic images of fractured and unfractured teeth were obtained for the present research. Data handling techniques were implemented to balance the distribution of the samples. The AI-based system used the voting technique for five different pretrained models namely, VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50. DenseNet121, and DenseNet169 to perform the analysis. The parameters used for the analysis of the models are loss and accuracy curves.

Results
VGG16 exhibited notable success with low training and validation losses (0.09% and 0.18%, respectively), high specificity, sensitivity, and positive predictive value (PPV). VGG19 showed potential overfitting concerns, while ResNet50 displayed progress in minimizing loss but exhibited bias toward unfractured cases. DenseNet121 effectively addressed overfitting and noise issues, achieving balanced metrics and impressive PPVs for both fractured and unfractured cases (0.933 and 0.898 respectively). With increased depth, DenseNet169 demonstrated enhanced generalization capability.

Conclusion
The proposed AI- based system demonstrated high precision and sensitivity for detecting root fractures in endodontically treated teeth by utilizing the voting method.
Prognostic role of pre-diagnostic circulating inflammatory biomarkers in breast cancer survival: evidence from the EPIC cohort study
Authors: Castro-Espin Carlota , Cairat Manon , Navionis Anne-Sophie , Dahm Christina C. , Antoniussen Christian S. , Tjønneland Anne , Mellemkjær Lene , Mancini Francesca Romana , Hajji-Louati Mariem , Severi Gianluca , Le Cornet Charlotte , Kaaks Rudolf , Schulze Matthias B. , Masala Giovanna , Agnoli Claudia , Sacerdote Carlotta , Crous-Bou Marta , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Amiano Pilar , Chirlaque María-Dolores , Guevara Marcela , Smith-Byrne Karl , Heath Alicia K. , Christakoudi Sofia , Gunter Marc J. , Rinaldi Sabina , Agudo Antonio , Dossus Laure 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Inflammation influences tumour progression and cancer prognosis, but its role preceding breast cancer (BC) and its prognostic implications remain inconclusive.

Methods
We studied pre-diagnostic plasma inflammatory biomarkers in 1538 women with BC from the EPIC study. Cox proportional hazards models assessed their relationship with all-cause and BC-specific mortality, adjusting for tumour characteristics and lifestyle factors.

Results
Over a 7-year follow-up after diagnosis, 229 women died, 163 from BC. Elevated IL-6 levels were associated with increased all-cause mortality risk (HR1-SD 1.25, 95% CI 1.07–1.47). Among postmenopausal, IL-6 was associated with higher all-cause (HR1-SD 1.41, 95% CI 1.18–1.69) and BC-specific mortality (HR1-SD 1.31, 95% CI 1.03–1.66), (PHeterogeneity (pre/postmenopausal) < 0.05 for both), while IL-10 and TNFα were associated with all-cause mortality only (HR1-SD 1.19, 95% CI 1.02–1.40 and HR1-SD 1.28, 95% CI 1.06–1.56). Among ER+PR+, IL-10 was associated with all-cause and BC-specific mortality (HR1-SD 1.35, 95% CI 1.10–1.65 and HR1-SD 1.42 95% CI 1.08–1.86), while TNF-α was associated with all-cause mortality in HER2- (HR1-SD 1.31, 95% CI 1.07–1.61). An inflammatory score predicted higher all-cause mortality, especially in postmenopausal women (HR1-SD 1.30, 95% CI 1.07–1.58).

Conclusions
Higher pre-diagnosis IL-6 levels suggest poorer long-term survival among BC survivors. In postmenopausal survivors, elevated IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα and inflammatory scores seem to predict all-cause mortality.