bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging therapeutics for ocular surface disease
Authors: Bielory Brett P. , Shah Steven P. , O’Brien Terrence P. , Perez Victor L. , Bielory Leonard 
Published: August 2016

Purpose of review
The present review provides an overview on the potential of different systemic and topical treatments in chronic forms of ocular allergy and dry eye disorder (DED). The impact on anterior surface of ocular inflammatory disorder encompasses an array of conditions, which are frequently underreported. This can contribute to underdiagnoses and ineffective management from healthcare providers such as an allergist and/or ophthalmologist who routinely provide care for these common disorders. Owing to the current limited therapeutic options, healthcare providers are routinely seeking alternative treatments that could facilitate effective management of the conditions.

Recent findings
Recent advances in immunopathophysiology of ocular surface disorders has provided new potential targets and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of DED and ocular allergy that may include various immunobiological modulators. These modulators have focused on regulating the Th1 and Th2 immune-mediated inflammatory pathways that inhibit various cytokines (e.g. IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13) antibodies (e.g. IgE), and other surface markers of various cell lines (e.g. activated T-lymphocytes, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1).

Summary
Recent findings about the pathophysiology of DED and ocular allergy have led to the greater understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ocular surface diseases leading to the potential novel targets for immunomodulation of anterior surface ocular disorders. New topical glucocorticoids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, IL-1 antagonists, IL-5, IL-4/IL-13 antagonists, integrin antagonists, and quinolone derivatives appear to be encouraging.
The Relationship Between Infant Feeding Outcomes and Maternal Emotional Well-being Among Mothers of Late Preterm and Term Infants
Authors: Tully Kristin P. , Holditch-Davis Diane , Silva Susan , Brandon Debra 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Late preterm birth is associated with lower rates of breastfeeding and earlier breastfeeding cessation than term birth.

Purpose:
The objectives of this secondary analysis were to compare the incidence of exclusive breastfeeding after late preterm and term childbirth and to examine the association between infant feeding outcomes and maternal emotional well-being.

Methods:
Participants were 105 mother–infant dyads (54 late preterm and 51 term) at a southeastern US medical center. Face-to-face data collection and telephone follow-up occurred during 2009-2012.

Results:
Late preterm mothers were less likely to exclusively provide their milk than were term mothers during hospitalization. Feeding at 1 month did not differ between late preterm and term infants. Among late preterm mothers, (1) formula supplementation during hospitalization was associated with greater severity of anxiety than among those exclusively providing formula and (2) exclusive provision of human milk at 1 month was associated with less severe depressive symptoms than among those supplementing or exclusively formula feeding. Among term mothers, feeding outcome was not related to emotional well-being measures at either time point.

Implications for Practice:
Mothers of late preterm infants may particularly benefit from anticipatory guidance and early mental health screening, with integrated, multidisciplinary lactation teams to support these interrelated healthcare needs.

Implications for Research:
Prospective research is critical to document women's intentions for infant feeding and how experiences with childbirth and the early postpartum period impact achievement of their breastfeeding goals.
Randomized Clinical Trial of 24% Oral Sucrose to Decrease Pain Associated With Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Insertion in Preterm and Term Newborns
Authors: Cook Linda M. , Nichols-Dada Jacinth , Damani Samina , Lawrence Vickie , Layson Sandra , Mitchell Diane , Muhammad Shaqunna , Samaniego-Yamin Lourdes , Talley Jacquelyn Walters , VanNatta Barbara , Higgins Melinda , Cooley Kim 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To determine whether 24% sucrose solution given orally before insertion of a peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheter decreases neonatal pain.

Background:
Prior studies of pain caused by heel and arterial needlesticks found oral administration of 24% sucrose to significantly blunt pain during these painful procedures. No studies have evaluated this treatment with needlestick pain associated with PIV catheter insertion.

Methods:
Oral 24% sucrose or placebo solution was administered 2 minutes prior to PIV catheter insertion. Outcome measures were obtained prior to, during, and for 5 minutes after PIV catheter insertion. Investigators and caregivers were blinded to group assignment. Data were analyzed with longitudinal analysis of repeated measures, with P < .05 for significance.

Results:
A total of 40 neonates (24% sucrose: N = 20; placebo: N = 20) were studied. Pain scores significantly increased from 3.2 ± 1.6 to a maximum of 7.6 ± 3.8 at the time of catheter insertion, returning to baseline levels 8 minutes after PIV catheter insertion (P < .001). No significant differences were found in pain, heart rate, or noninvasive oxygen saturation (Spo
2) between the sucrose and placebo groups (P > 0.05).

Implications for Practice:
Results from this study did not find that 24% sucrose administered prior to PIV catheter insertion altered the infant's pain response.

Implications for Research:
Since this is the first study to evaluate the pain-blunting effects of 24% sucrose administration before PIV catheter insertion, replication of this study is needed before widespread application of findings.
A Multifaceted Nursing Role to Comply With Neonatal Transport Regulations in Maryland
Authors: Diehl Beth C. , Frank Karen 
Published: August 2016

Background:
The Maryland Regional Neonatal Transport Program performs 800 transports annually. Historically transports utilized a neonatal nurse practitioner or neonatal transport nurse and 2 medics. A regulatory ruling at the state level mandated change in team composition. This institution elected to educate neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) staff nurses to become the providers for transports and to respond to deliveries requiring the NICU team. These nurses became the transport–delivery room nurse.

Purpose:
To implement a transport care delivery model in response to the new regulatory ruling and measure the impact of the change on care indices.

Methods/Search Strategy:
The new care delivery model involved the creation and implementation of a new role for the NICU nurse. NICU nurses were queried regarding their interest and 35 nurses received educational training. Two metrics were tracked to evaluate the success of the model for 1 full year prior to and monthly after implementation. The 2 metrics were axillary temperature on admission to the NICU from the delivery room and mean length of time of stabilization of the neonate at the referral hospital.

Results:
The length of time to stabilize the neonate at the referring hospital was reduced by a mean of 7 minutes. Percentages of newborns admitted to the NICU from labor and delivery with an axillary temperature of greater than 36.3°C increased from 65% to 77%.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Nurses with specialized skill sets positively impact neonatal outcomes. Further investigations should involve the impact this role has on nurse and community satisfaction.
Primary Cutaneous Gamma-Delta (γ/δ) T-cell Lymphoma: An Unusual Case With Very Subtle Histopathological Findings
Authors: Ramani Nisha S. , Curry Jonathan L. , Merrill E. Dean , Aung Phyu P. , Prieto Victor , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Duvic Madeleine , Miranda Roberto N. , Torres-Cabala Carlos 
Published: August 2016

Abstract:
Primary cutaneous γ/δ T-cell lymphoma (PCGDTCL) accounts for <1% of all primary cutaneous lymphomas. These rare diseases are believed to originate from γ/δ lymphocytes. Clinical presentation may vary, but its clinical behavior is regarded as aggressive and long-term survival is anecdotal. This study describes the case of a 60-year-old man with multiple, rapidly progressing skin plaques on his head, arms, torso, buttocks, and legs. The histopathological changes seen in the skin biopsy were extraordinarily subtle with mild epidermal hyperplasia and a very sparse lymphoid infiltrate involving epidermis and superficial dermis. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the atypical intraepidermal hyperchromatic cells to be mostly positive for CD3 and CD7 and negative for both CD4 and CD8. The intraepidermal atypical lymphocytes were positive for TCR gamma, and negative for betaF1 and CD56. The clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical findings supported the diagnosis of PCGDTCL. This case illustrates a case of epidermotropic variant of PCGDTCL that, albeit a bland histopathological presentation, was associated with an aggressive clinical behavior.
Syringocystadenocarcinoma Papilliferum In Situ, a Variant of Cutaneous Adenocarcinoma In Situ: A Case Report With Literature Review
Authors: Chen Jing , Beg Mansoor , Chen Sheng 
Published: August 2016

Abstract:Syringocystadenocarcinoma papilliferum in situ, a variant of cutaneous adenocarcinoma in situ, is extremely rare. Only 9 cases have been published to date with 2 cases demonstrating pagetoid epidermal involvement. In this study, we report a case of syringocystadenocarcinoma papilliferum in situ with pagetoid epidermal involvement arising from a long-standing nevus sebaceus on the scalp of a 60-year-old woman.
Analysis of Fibular Single Graft and Fibular Double-barrel Graft for Mandibular Reconstruction
Authors: Ishii Naohiro , Shimizu Yusuke , Ihara Jyun , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: August 2016

Background:
High-quality mandibular reconstruction using vascularized free fibular graft is necessary to provide an osseointegrated dental implant and fixed denture. An appropriate crown–implant ratio is needed, and a good match between bones is extremely important. There are no articles describing the analysis and evaluation of both the fibula and mandible in the same patients.

Methods:
Computed tomography images of both mandible and fibula of 80 patients were selected in a random manner. We measured bone height of the fibula and mandible at specified points and evaluated the difference of bone height between the fibula and mandible using fibular single or double-barrel grafts.

Results:
The percentage of patients who had a “good” result for a fibular single graft was only 13.8%. There was no significant difference in bone heights when analyzed by gender. Whether patients were dentulous or not had a large influence on the difference between fibular and mandibular bone heights. Most young patients, but only half of older patients, needed fibular double-barrel grafts. Overweight patients with a high body mass index more often needed fibular double-barrel grafts.

Conclusions:
For mandibular reconstruction using a fibular graft, preoperative analysis of the patient’s profile and proper use of a fibular single or double-barrel graft contribute to minimizing the difference between the height of the grafted fibula and native mandible and are keys to an ideal reconstruction with good cosmetics and function.
A Novel Video-Assisted Approach to Excimer Laser-Guided Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Lead Extraction
Authors: Zardo Patrick , Busk Henning , Hadem Johannes , Baraki Hassina , Kensah George , Kutschka Ingo 
Published: August 2016

Objective Even though roughly 90% of all implanted cardiac implantable electronic devices leads can be removed through conventional techniques, presence of large vegetations or thrombi, fractured leads, previous failed extraction, or long duration from implantation often impede classical transvenous extraction. In these cases, laser-assisted procedures represent a highly successful alternative and have a low procedural complication rate with major adverse events in less than 2% of cases. Unfortunately, most encountered complications are potentially fatal, which prompted us to develop a novel approach that adds additional safety measures by allowing for real-time intrathoracic visualization and intervention. Methods Five consecutive patients classified as high-risk patients received concomitant laser sheet extraction and right-sided uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery for real-time intrathoracic visualization. Results Complete extraction was achieved in all cases without observing major intraoperative events, and on-table extubation was feasible in all cases. No chest tube-associated or incision-related complications were encountered. Conclusions Concomitant laser sheet extraction and video-assisted thoracoscopy are feasible and may offer benefits in high-risk patients. Further studies to document the actual safety and clinical value of our procedure are warranted.
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Implantation: 30-day Outcome of First-in-Man Experience with an Apically Tethered Device
Authors: Quarto Cesare , Davies Simon , Duncan Alison , Lindsay Alistair , Lutter Georg , Lozonschi Lucian , Moat Neil 
Published: August 2016

Objective A small number of transcatheter mitral valve implants (TMVIs) have been reported using devices designed to treat secondary mitral regurgitation (MR). However, MR has many etiologies, and patients have a broad spectrum of annular size, geometry, and lesions. There are a number of technical challenges for TMVI including left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and paravalvular MR. Thirty days’ outcome of first-in-man implants with a novel TMVI device is reported. Methods The Tendyne TMVI system consists of a porcine pericardial valve in a tethered nitinol frame. An apical tether fixed to an epicardial pad stabilizes the device. The device is fully repositionable and retrievable even after complete deployment. Preoperative assessment was performed with 3-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiogram and multislice computed tomography to define annular dimensions, geometry, and guide surgical access. Three patients were deemed not to be candidates for conventional surgery or for treatment with any Conformitè Européenne-marked device by Heart Team Evaluation. They were a 68-year-old woman with prior coronary artery bypass grafts and severe functional MR; a 75-year-old man with prior coronary bypass grafts, significant renal dysfunction, and severe degenerative MR; and a frail 86-year-old man with severe degenerative MR. Each had a TMVI via a transapical approach through a left minithoracotomy. Apical tether tension was adjusted to optimize device position. Results Implantation was guided by 2D and 3D transesophageal echocardiogram. The apical pad facilitated LV apical closure. There were no procedural complications. No patient had hemodynamically significant residual MR or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and there was no significant mitral gradient. All patients were discharged to their own home (the third on the fifth postoperative day), all with significant improvement in their symptoms. All were alive and well 30 days after implant. Two patients with existing conduction abnormalities had cardiac resynchronisation therapy after the procedure, and one patient had para valvular leak (PVL) with evidence of hemolysis at 30 days, which reduced in severity with conservative treatment. Conclusions The first-in-man experience with the Tendyne TMVI system is promising. Valve stabilization by an apical tether is a novel way to address some of the challenges of TMVI. The unique Tendyne design features may offer potential for its use across a wide range of mitral valve pathologies.
Prospective evaluation of clinical lung ultrasonography in the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in a pediatric emergency department
Authors: Samson Frédéric , Gorostiza Iñigo , González Andrés , Landa María , Ruiz Lucía , Grau Miguel 
Published: August 2016

Objectives
To evaluate the applicability and utility of point-of-care lung ultrasonography (POCLUS) for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a pediatric emergency department.

Methods
A prospective observational study on children with suspected CAP was carried out in a pediatric emergency department from August to December 2014. The evaluation of the chest radiography (CR) by two independent radiologists was considered as a reference standard. POCLUS was performed by pediatricians who were blinded to CR results. Following the WHO criteria, typical CAP was defined as an alveolar consolidation or infiltrate in CR and a visualization of lung consolidation with sonographic air bronchograms in POCLUS. The diagnostic accuracy of POCLUS (sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values) was established using CR as a gold standard.

Results
We enrolled 200 children with a median age of 29.5 months (interquartile range, 18.5–52.5); 58.1% were males and 42.0% had focal decreased breath sounds and/or crackles. The prevalence of typical CAP according to the radiologist’s evaluation was 42.5% (end-point consolidation and/or pleural effusion 56.5%, alveolar infiltrate 43.5%). The sensitivity and specificity of POCLUS were 87.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 78.0–93.4] and 94.8% (95% CI 89.0–98.1), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 92.5% (95% CI 84.4–97.2) and 90.8% (95% CI 84.2–95.3), respectively.

Conclusion
POCLUS performed by an emergency pediatrician with a limited experience in ultrasonography enables the diagnosis of pneumonia with high accuracy. POCLUS could become a feasible and promising alternative to CR in the diagnosis of suspected CAP, leading to a relevant decrease in children’s exposure to ionizing radiations. Further studies specifically carried out in the pediatric outpatient setting are needed.
Oral Endocrine Therapy Nonadherence, Adverse Effects, Decisional Support, and Decisional Needs in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Milata Jennifer L. , Otte Julie L. , Carpenter Janet S. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Oral endocrine therapy (OET) such as tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors reduces recurrence and mortality for the 75% of breast cancer survivors (BCSs) with a diagnosis of estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. Because many BCSs decide not take OET as recommended because of adverse effects, understanding BCSs’ decisional supports and needs is foundational to supporting quality OET decision making about whether to adhere to OET.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine literature pertaining to OET nonadherence and adverse effects using the Ottawa Decision Support Framework categories of decisional supports and decisional needs because these factors potentially influence OET use.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and CINAHL using combined search terms “aromatase inhibitors and adherence” and “tamoxifen and adherence.” Studies that did not meet criteria were excluded. Relevant data from 25 publications were extracted into tables and reviewed by 2 authors.

Results:
Findings identified the impact of adverse effects on OET nonadherence, an absence of decisional supports provided to or available for BCSs who are experiencing OET adverse effects, and the likelihood of unmet decisional needs related to OET.

Conclusions:
Adverse effects contribute to BCSs decisions to stop OET, yet there has been little investigation of the process through which that occurs. This review serves as a call to action for providers to provide support to BCSs experiencing OET adverse effects and facing decisions related to nonadherence.

Implications for Practice:
Findings suggest BCSs prescribed OET have unmet decisional needs, and more decisional supports are needed for BCSs experiencing OET adverse effects.
Nasal Airway Dysfunction in Children with Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate: Results of a Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study, with Anatomical and Surgical Considerations
Authors: Sobol Danielle L. , Allori Alexander C. , Carlson Anna R. , Pien Irene J. , Watkins Stephanie E. , Aylsworth Arthur S. , Meyer Robert E. , Pimenta Luiz A. , Strauss Ronald P. , Ramsey Barry L. , Raynor Eileen , Marcus Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
The aesthetic aspects of the cleft lip nasal deformity have been appreciated for over a century, but the functional implications have remained largely underappreciated or misunderstood. This study describes the frequency and severity of nasal obstructive symptoms among children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate, addressing the hypotheses that age, cleft type, and severity are associated with the development of nasal obstructive symptoms.

Methods:
Children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate and a comparison group of unaffected children born from 1997 to 2003 were identified through the North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program and birth certificates. Nasal airway obstruction was measured using the validated Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale.

Results:
The survey was completed by parental proxy for 176 children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate and 333 unaffected children. Nasal obstructive symptoms were more frequently reported in cleft lip with cleft palate compared with unaffected children (p < 0.0001); children who had isolated cleft lip with or without alveolus and isolated cleft palate were not statistically different from unaffected children. Patients with unilateral cleft lip with cleft palate were found to be more severely affected than bilateral cases. Nasal obstruction was observed in early childhood, although severity worsened in adolescence.

Conclusions:
This population-based study reports a high prevalence of nasal obstructive symptoms in children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate based on type and severity of the cleft. The authors encourage cleft teams to consider using this or similar screening methods to identify which children may benefit from functional rhinoplasty.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, I.