bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fruit and vegetables consumption is directly associated to survival after prostate cancer
Authors: Taborelli Martina , Polesel Jerry , Parpinel Maria , Stocco Carmen , Birri Silvia , Serraino Diego , Zucchetto Antonella 
Published: November 2016

ScopeSince the evidence on the role of diet on prostate cancer (PCa) prognosis is still controversial, we evaluated the long‐term effects of fruit and vegetables consumption on survival after PCa.Methods and resultsA retrospective cohort study included 777 men with PCa diagnosed between 1995 and 2002 in north‐eastern Italy and followed up to 2013. A validated food frequency questionnaire assessed the usual diet in the 2 years before PCa diagnosis, including detailed fruit and vegetables consumption. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of death with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Fine–Gray models. PCa patients with a consumption of both fruit and vegetables above the median showed a higher 15‐year overall survival probability than those with lower intakes (71% versus 58%, p = 0.04; HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.47–0.93). Consumption of foods rich in fiber (HR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.41–0.86) and proanthocyanidins (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40–0.82) were inversely associated with overall mortality. Interestingly, proanthocyanidins (HR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.27–0.98) and flavonols (HR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19–0.84) were inversely associated also with PCa‐specific mortality.ConclusionHigh consumption of fruit and vegetables offers an advantage in survival among the rising number of men living after a PCa diagnosis, possibly through the epigenetic effect of some nutrients.
From Kindergarten Through Second Grade, U.S. Children's Obesity Prevalence Grows Only During Summer Vacations
Authors: von Hippel Paul T. , Workman Joseph 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the relative importance of school and nonschool risk factors, this study estimated whether overweight and obesity prevalence grows faster during the school year or during summer vacation.MethodsIn the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–11, a nationally representative complex random sample of 18,170 U.S. children was followed from the fall of kindergarten in 2010 through the spring of second grade in 2013. Children's weight and heights were measured in schools each fall and spring. A multilevel growth model was used to estimate growth in mean BMI, overweight prevalence, and obesity prevalence during each summer and each school year.ResultsFrom the fall of kindergarten to the spring of second grade, the prevalence of obesity increased from 8.9% to 11.5%, and the prevalence of overweight increased from 23.3% to 28.7%. All of the increase in prevalence occurred during the two summer vacations; no increase occurred during any of the three school years.ConclusionsThe risk of obesity is higher when children are out of school than when they are in school.
Are all metabolically healthy individuals with obesity at the same risk of diabetes onset?
Authors: Navarro‐González David , Sánchez‐Íñigo Laura , Fernández‐Montero Alejandro , Pastrana‐Delgado Juan , Alfredo Martínez J. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the risk of diabetes and the development of an unhealthy status according to metabolic health. To assess the effect of changes in metabolic health among participants with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) on the risk of diabetes.MethodsA total of 4,340 subjects were included. Unhealthy metabolic status was defined as having three or more risk factors of the Adult Treatment Panel‐III criteria. A Cox proportional‐hazard analysis was conducted to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of developing diabetes across the change in the metabolic status of subjects with MHO.ResultsAfter 40,622 person‐years of follow‐up, the risk of becoming unhealthy was 1.53 times higher for participants with MHO, compared with lean or overweight healthy subjects. A greater risk of diabetes was found in MHO, but it was attributable to those who progressed to an unhealthier status over time: HR of 4.78 (95% CI: 3.38‐6.78). The combination of being metabolically unhealthy and obesity heightened the risk of diabetes: HR of 10.09 (95% CI: 4.82‐21.55).ConclusionsThe increased risk of diabetes in MHO is attributed to the progression to an unhealthier state. “Healthy obesity” is not a permanent situation but a transitory state.
Active individuals have high mitochondrial content and oxidative markers in their abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue
Authors: Pino Maria F. , Parsons Stephanie A. , Smith Steven R. , Sparks Lauren M. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveExercise training (training) effects on white adipose tissue (WAT) thermogenic and oxidative capacities in humans are inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate whether an active lifestyle is characterized by thermogenic and/or oxidative transcriptional markers in human WAT.MethodsIn vivo maximal muscle ATP synthetic rates (ATPmax) were measured by 31P‐MRS, body composition by DXA, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) by cycle ergometry in active (n = 7) and sedentary (SED) individuals before and after 3 weeks of training (n = 9, SED only). mRNA expressions of brown adipose and β‐oxidation markers, as well as mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNA), were measured by qRT‐PCR and qPCR, respectively, in WAT.ResultsATPmax and VO2peak were higher in active versus SED individuals. Following training in SED individuals, ATPmax and VO2peak increased. Proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator‐1α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1β gene expressions and mtDNA content were significantly higher in WAT of active versus SED individuals before training. mRNA contents of brown and beige‐specific markers were not different between cohorts. Training effectively increased ATPmax and VO2peak but had no effect on mtDNA content or expressions of genes that regulate thermogenic and oxidative capacities in WAT.ConclusionsResults indicate that an active lifestyle is characterized by elevated mitochondrial content and oxidative, not thermogenic, markers of WAT.
Obeticholic acid improves adipose morphometry and inflammation and reduces steatosis in dietary but not metabolic obesity in mice
Authors: Haczeyni Fahrettin , Poekes Laurence , Wang Hans , Mridha Auvro R. , Barn Vanessa , Geoffrey Haigh W. , Ioannou George N. , Yeh Matthew M. , Leclercq Isabelle A. , Teoh Narcissus C. , Farrell Geoffrey C. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the outcome of interactions between overnutrition, energy metabolism, and adipose function. Obeticholic acid (OCA) improves steatosis in patients but for unknown reasons does not resolve NASH pathology. This study therefore investigated OCA effects in Wt mice, which develop obesity with atherogenic dietary feeding, and appetite‐dysregulated, Alms1 mutant foz/foz mice fed the same diet, which develop metabolic obesity and diabetes.MethodsOCA (1 mg/kg) was administered orally to female foz/foz mice and Wt littermates from weaning until 28 weeks. Adipose indices, glucose tolerance, and fatty liver pathology were studied. Experiments were repeated with OCA 10 mg/kg.ResultsOCA reduced body weight and hepatic lipids and improved glucose disposal only in Wt mice. OCA limited Wt adipose expansion, altered morphometry in favor of small adipocytes, enhanced expression of genes indicating adipose browning, and reduced crown‐like structure number in visceral adipose tissue. foz/foz mice showed more crown‐like structures in all compartments; OCA failed to alter adipose morphometry, browning, inflammation, or improve NASH severity, even at 10 mg/kg.ConclusionsOCA improved adipose indices, glucose tolerance, and steatosis in a milder metabolic phenotype but failed to improve these factors in morbidly obese diabetic mice. These results help explain OCA's limited efficacy to reverse human NASH.
Synthesis of poly(1‐chloro‐2‐arylacetylene)s with high cis‐content and examination of their absorption/emission properties
Authors: Rodriguez Castanon Jesus , Sano Natsuhiro , Shiotsuki Masashi , Sanda Fumio 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTA series of 1‐chloro‐2‐arylacetylenes [Cl‐CC‐Ar, Ar = C6H5 (1), C6H4‐p‐iPr (2), C6H4‐p‐OiPr (3), C6H4‐p‐NHC(O)OtBu (4), and C6H4‐o‐iPr (5)] were polymerized using (tBu3P)PdMeCl/silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (AgOTf) and MoCl5/SnBu4 catalysts. The corresponding polymers [poly(1)–poly(5)] with weight‐average molecular weights of 6,500–690,000 were obtained in 10–91% yields. THF‐insoluble parts, presumably high‐molecular weight polymers, were formed together with THF‐soluble polymers by the Pd‐catalyzed polymerization. The Pd catalyst polymerized nonpolar monomers 1 and 2 to give the polymers in yields lower than the Mo catalyst, while the Pd catalyst polymerized polar monomers 3 and 4 to give the corresponding polymers in higher yields. The 1H NMR and UV–vis absorption spectra of the polymers indicated that the cis‐contents of the Pd‐based polymers were higher than those of the Mo‐based polymers, and the conjugation length of the Pd‐based polymers was shorter than that of the Mo‐based polymers. Pd‐based poly(5) emitted fluorescence most strongly among poly(1)–poly(5). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 382–388
Anion conducting methylated aliphatic PBI and its calculated properties
Authors: Cho Hyeongrae , Henkensmeier Dirk , Brela Mateusz , Michalak Artur , Jang Jong Hyun , Lee Kwan‐Young 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTA methylated polybenzimidazole with an aliphatic chain in the backbone (Me‐PBI‐C10) was synthesized and formed into membranes. Literature suggests that alkyl chains on C2 of imidazolium ions increase their alkaline stability. While this may be true for model compounds or ions attached as a side chain, both our DFT calculations and experimental results show that Me‐PBI‐C10 does not withstand alkaline conditions. To increase the alkaline stability, blend membranes with PBI‐OO were fabricated. A blend membrane with 50% PBI‐OO showed a chloride conductivity of up to 6 mS/cm, indicating that these membranes could find use in non‐alkaline applications like vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB). The high mechanical stability (tensile strength: 70.25 ± 14.85 MPa, Young modulus: 1.65 ± 0.16 GPa) would be an advantage over currently used Nafion membranes. Finally, three different models were successfully applied to qualitatively predict the water uptake of Me‐PBI‐C10 exchanged with different anions. The results match with experimental data. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 256–265
Free Testosterone During Androgen Deprivation Therapy Predicts Castration‐Resistant Progression Better Than Total Testosterone
Authors: Regis Lucas , Planas Jacques , Carles Joan , Maldonado Xavier , Comas Inma , Ferrer Roser , Morote Juan 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDThe optimal degree of testosterone suppression in patients with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy remains in question. Furthermore, serum free testosterone, which is the active form of testosterone, seems to correlate with intraprostatic testosterone. Here we compared free and total serum testosterone as predictors of survival free of castration resistance.METHODSTotal testosterone (chemiluminescent assay, lower sensitivity 10 ng/dl) and free testosterone (analogue‐ligand radioimmunoassay, lower sensitivity 0.05 pg/ml) were determined at 6 months of LHRH agonist treatment in a prospective cohort of 126 patients with prostate cancer. During a mean follow‐up of 67 months (9–120), 75 (59.5%) events of castration‐resistant progression were identified. Multivariate analysis and survival analysis according to total testosterone cutoffs of 50, 32, and 20 ng/dl, and free testosterone cutoffs of 1.7, 1.1, and 0.7 pg/ml were performed.RESULTSMetastatic spread was the most powerful predictor of castration resistance, HR: 2.09 (95%CI: 1.18–3.72), P = 0.012. Gleason score, baseline PSA and PSA at 6 months were also independents predictors, but not free and total testosterone. Stratified analysis was conducted on the basis of the status of metastatic diseases and free testosterone was found to be an independent predictor of survival free of castration resistance in the subgroup of patients without metastasis, HR: 2.12 (95%CI: 1.16–3.85), P = 0.014. The lowest threshold of free testosterone which showed significant differences was 1.7 pg/ml, P = 0.003.CONCLUSIONSFree testosterone at 6 months of LHRH agonist treatment seems to be a better surrogate than total testosterone to predict castration resistance in no metastatic prostate cancer patients. Prostate 77:114–120, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
P110β Inhibition Reduces Histone H3K4 Di‐Methylation in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Pang Jun , Yang Yue‐Wu , Huang Yiling , Yang Jun , Zhang Hao , Chen Ruibao , Dong Liang , Huang Yan , Wang Dongying , Liu Jihong , Li Benyi 
Published: November 2016

INTRODUCTION AND AIMSEpigenetic alteration plays a major role in the development and progression of human cancers, including prostate cancer. Histones are the key factors in modulating gene accessibility to transcription factors and post‐translational modification of the histone N‐terminal tail including methylation is associated with either transcriptional activation (H3K4me2) or repression (H3K9me3). Furthermore, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3 K) signaling and the androgen receptor (AR) are the key determinants in prostate cancer development and progression. We recently showed that prostate‐targeted nano‐micelles loaded with PI3 K/p110beta specific inhibitor TGX221 blocked prostate cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Our objective of this study was to determine the role of PI3 K signaling in histone methylation in prostate cancer, with emphasis on histone H3K4 methylation.METHODSPI3 K non‐specific inhibitor LY294002 and p110beta‐specific inhibitor TGX221 were used to block PI3 K/p110beta signaling. The global levels of H3K4 and H3K9 methylation in prostate cancer cells and tissue specimens were evaluated by Western blot assay and immunohistochemical staining. A synthetic androgen R1881 was used to stimulate AR activity in prostate cancer cells. A castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) specific human tissue microarray (TMA) was used to assess the global levels of H3K4me2 methylation by immunostaining approach.RESULTSOur data revealed that H3K4me2 levels were significantly elevated after androgen stimulation. With RNA silencing and pharmacology approaches, we further defined that inhibition of PI3 K/p110beta activity through gene‐specific knocking down and small chemical inhibitor TGX221 abolished androgen‐stimulated H3K4me2 methylation. Consistently, prostate cancer‐targeted delivery of TGX221 in vivo dramatically reduced the global levels of H3K4me2 as assessed by immunohistochemical staining on tissue section of mouse xenografts from CRPC cell lines 22RV1 and C4‐2. Finally, immunostaining data revealed a strong H3K4me2 immunosignal in CRPC tissues compared to primary tumors and benign prostate tissues.CONCLUSIONSTaken together, our results suggest that PI3 K/p110beta‐dependent signaling is involved in androgen‐stimulated H3K4me2 methylation in prostate cancer, which might be used as a novel biomarker for disease prognosis and targeted therapy. Prostate 77:299–308, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Floor acceleration control of super‐tall buildings with vibration reduction substructures
Authors: Zhang Lei , Lu Xinzheng , Guan Hong , Xie Linlin , Lu Xiao 
Published: November 2016

SummaryWhen a super‐tall building is subjected to service level earthquakes (SLEs) or design basis earthquakes (DBEs), its excessive floor acceleration due to the acceleration amplification effect can lead to unacceptable economic loss and functional interruption. This work aims to design the top stories of super‐tall buildings in a form of a vibration reduction substructure (VRS; acting as a giant TMD with a large mass ratio) to control the floor acceleration of the building subjected to SLEs and DBEs. A simplified analytical model for 300 m super‐tall buildings is developed based on the flexural‐shear coupling beam model. Using the simplified model with a VRS on the top of the building, the floor acceleration reduction effect of the VRS is studied through time history analysis under actual ground motions. The optimal frequency of the VRS to reduce the floor acceleration is determined through parametric discussion, and the feasibility of using the VRS for different layouts of super‐tall buildings is validated. The outcome of this study is expected to provide some references for engineering design to mitigate vibration of super‐tall buildings.
Mechanisms leading to potential impacts of shale gas development on groundwater quality
Authors: Lefebvre René 
Published: November 2016

The development of shale gas resources was made possible by the combination of horizontal drilling and high‐volume hydraulic fracturing (fracking). Environmental concerns have been raised relative to shale gas production, especially potential impacts on groundwater. Fluids related to unconventional oil and gas (O&G) operations contain chemical compounds that can impact groundwater quality. Such impacts can occur due to (1) the infiltration of surface contaminant releases, (2) failures of the integrity of O&G wells, and (3) upward fluid migration from a shale/tight reservoir along preferential paths that can be natural (faults or fracture zone) or man‐made (O&G wells). Surface releases represent the most probable mechanism leading to groundwater contamination. Improvements in O&G drilling operations under stringent regulations can minimize this risk. Experts identify O&G well integrity as the most challenging issue that may lead to groundwater contamination. Failure of casing and cement can lead to upward fluid flow within or outside O&G wells, especially of methane. Integrity failures leading to fluid migration to shallow fresh water aquifers or to the surface are well understood and can be detected and repaired, but this can be complex and costly. A few regulators now impose groundwater monitoring to detect impacts from integrity failures. Occurrences of communication with existing O&G wells from fracking operations have also led some regulators to impose rules aiming to avoid such potential fluid migration paths. There is an ongoing scientific debate regarding the potential for fluids to migrate upward from exploited shale gas units to aquifers through natural preferential paths. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1188. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1188This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Science of Water > Water Quality
Light Goose Conservation Order effects on nontarget waterfowl behavior and energy expenditure
Authors: Dinges Andrew J. , Webb Elisabeth B. , Vrtiska Mark P. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTWhen the Light Goose Conservation Order (LGCO) was established during 1999 in the Rainwater Basin of Nebraska, USA, LGCO activities were limited to 4 days/week and 16 public wetlands were closed to the LGCO to limit disturbance to nontarget waterfowl during this energetically important time period. However, the effects of LGCO activities on waterfowl behavior and energy expenditure are relatively unknown in this critical waterfowl staging area. To evaluate LGCO effects on target and nontarget species, we paired wetlands open and closed to LGCO and recorded waterfowl behavior and hunter encounters during springs 2011 and 2012. We constructed hourly energy expenditure models based on behavior data collected for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and northern pintails (A. acuta). In 2011, dabbling ducks (Anas spp.) spent more time feeding and less time resting in wetlands closed to hunting during early season when the majority of hunting encounters occurred; behaviors did not differ between hunt categories during late season when hunting activities subsided. However, in 2012, dabbling ducks spent more time feeding and less time resting in wetlands open to hunting during early and late seasons. We detected no differences in behaviors of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens) or greater white‐fronted geese (Anser albifrons) between hunting categories in early season. Mallards had slightly greater energy expenditure on wetlands closed to hunting ( = 38.94 ± 0.31 kJ/bird/hr), compared with wetlands open to hunting ( = 37.87 ± 0.32 kJ/bird/hr); therefore, greater energy spent by mallards cannot be attributed to hunting disturbance. We also detected no differences in dabbling duck behavior or energy expenditure between days open or closed to hunting in the region. A refuge system of wetlands closed to LGCO activities in the Rainwater Basin may be an important management strategy in providing reduced disturbance for nontarget waterfowl species in some years. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Open Repair of AAA in a High Volume Center
Authors: Davidovic Lazar B. , Maksic Milanko , Koncar Igor , Ilic Nikola , Dragas Marko , Fatic Nikola , Markovic Miroslav , Banzic Igor , Mutavdzic Perica 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess results of open repair (OR) of AAA in a single high volume center.MethodsWe analyzed prospectively collected data of 450 patients who underwent elective OR of AAA at the Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery of the Serbian Clinical Centre in the period between January 2013 and September 2014.ResultsPostoperative death occurred in seven patients (1. 55%) during the first 30 postoperative days. The mortality was caused by: uncontrolled bleeding‐1, acute myocardial infarction‐1, ischemic colitis‐2, MOFS‐2, sepsis due to infection and dehiscence of laparotomy wound‐1. Coronary artery disease (OR 3.89; CI 0.85–17.7; p = 0.0058), postoperative acute myocardial infarction (OR 29.9; CI 2.56–334.95; p = 0.0053), chronic renal failure (OR 7.5; CI 1.35–8.5; p = 0.0073), colonic necrosis (OR 88.2; CI 4.77–1629.69; p = 0.0026), occlusion of the both hypogastric arteries and the inability to preserve at least one hypogastric artery (OR 17.4; CI 1.99–178.33; p = 0.0230), aortobifemoral reconstruction (OR 9.06; CI 1.76–46.49; p = 0.016), significant perioperative bleeding (>2 L) (OR 7.32; CI 1.31–10.79; p = 0.0001), hostile abdomen (OR 5.25; CI 1.3–21.1; p = 0.0055), inflammatory aneurysm (OR 13.99; CI 2.88–65.09; p = 0.0002), supraceliac aortic cross‐clamping (OR 18.7; CI 3.8–90.6; p = 0.0003), prolonged aortic cross‐clamping (>60 min) (OR 14.25; CI 2.75–64.5; p = 0.0003), the intraoperative hypotension (OR 6.61; CI 0.71–61.07; p = 0.0545), the prolonged operation (>240 min) (OR 8.66; CI 0.91–81.56; p = 0.0585) and complete dehiscence of the laparotomy (OR 44.1; CI 3.39–572.78; p = 0.0396) increased the 30‐day mortality in our study.ConclusionsEarly mortality after open repair of AAA in high volume center might be very low due to experienced multidisciplinary team. Centralized open aortic surgery might be solution for effective treatment of patients with unsuitable anatomy or for young patients with long life expectancy.