bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trifluoromethylselenolation of Aryldiazonium Salts: A Mild and Convenient Copper‐Catalyzed Procedure for the Introduction of the SeCF3Group
Authors: Nikolaienko Pavlo , Rueping Magnus 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe straightforward introduction of the trifluoromethylseleno group into aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds is accomplished by the utilization of readily available aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, potassium selenocyanate, and Ruppert–Prakash reagent. The reaction tolerates a wide range of aromatic and heteroaromatic diazonium salts and is also amenable to the synthesis of pentafluoroethyl selenoethers. Furthermore, the methodology can be applied directly starting from anilines.
Zn2+ and EDTA Cooperative Switchable Nanofluidic Diode Based on Asymmetric Modification of Single Nanochannel
Authors: Sun Yao , Zhang Fan , Sun Zhongyue , Song Miaomiao , Tian Demei , Li Haibing 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDesign and fabrication of smart switchable nanofluidic diodes remains a challenge in the life and materials sciences. Here, we present the first example of a novel Zn2+/EDTA switchable nanofluidic diode system based on the control of one‐side of the modified hourglass‐shaped nanochannel with salicylaldehyde Schiff base (SASB). The nanofluidic diode can be turned on in the response of Zn2+ and turned off in response to EDTA solution with good reversibility and recyclability.
Synthesis of Tris(pentafluoroethyl)germanes
Authors: Pelzer Stefanie , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Ignat'ev Nikolai , Hoge Berthold 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of tris(pentafluoroethyl)germanium derivatives is described. The reaction of germanium tetrachloride with three equivalents of the pentafluoroethylation reagent LiC2F5 does not lead selectively to the formation of tris(pentafluoroethyl)chlorogermane, (C2F5)3GeCl. Here the introduction of a diethylamino function as a protecting group was beneficial. Thus, treatment of Cl3GeNEt2 with LiC2F5 smoothly afforded (C2F5)3GeNEt2. The replacement of the amino substituent by halides was accomplished by reaction with HBr or HCl on a multigram scale. The combination of (C2F5)3GeCl with Ag2CO3 gave rise to the formation of the digermoxane [(C2F5)3Ge]2O. An obtuse Ge‐O‐Ge angle of 150.2(1)° was determined by X‐ray diffraction. Attempted hydrolysis of the digermoxane leads to an equilibrium mixture of the precursor, (C2F5)3GeOH, and water.
Analysis of a Compound Class with Triplet States Stabilized by Potentially Baird Aromatic [10]Annulenyl Dicationic Rings
Authors: Jorner Kjell , Feixas Ferran , Ayub Rabia , Lindh Roland , Solà Miquel , Ottosson Henrik 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe low‐lying triplet state of a recently published compound (TMTQ) was analyzed quantum chemically in light of suggestions that it is influenced by Baird aromaticity. Two mesomeric structures describe this state: 1) a zwitterionic Baird aromatic structure with a triplet diradical 8π‐electron methano[10]annulene (M10A) dicationic ring and 2) a Hückel aromatic with a neutral closed‐shell 10π‐electron ring. According to charge and spin density distributions, the Hückel aromatic structure dominates the triplet state (the Baird aromatic contributes at most 12 %), and separation of the aromatic fluctuation index (FLU) into α and β electron contributions emphasizes this finding. The small singlet–triplet energy gap is due to Hückel aromaticity of the M10A ring, clarified by comparison to the smaller analogues of TMTQ. Yet, TMTQ and its analogues are Hückel–Baird hybrids allowing for tuning between closed‐shell 4n+2 Hückel aromaticity and open‐shell 4n Baird aromaticity.
ChemInform Abstract: Gd4(BO2)O5F — A Gadolinium Borate Fluoride Oxide Comprising a Linear BO2 Moiety.
Authors: Hoeppe Henning A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGd4(BO2)O5F single crystals are obtained by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Gd2O3, B2O3, and NaF (BN crucible in Ta ampoule, 1500 °C, 72 h; cooling to 25 °C at a rate of 120 °C/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition Reactions of Simple Alkylnitriles.
Authors: Yamashita Yasuhiro , Sato Io , Suzuki Hirotsugu , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe first example of a catalytic asymmetric direct‐type 1,4‐addition reaction of alkylnitriles (II) and (IV), that do not have any activating group at the α‐position, to α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic amides is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective para‐Methylthiolation/Bridging Methylenation of Arylamines Promoted by NH4I.
Authors: Xu Yinfeng , Cong Tiantian , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAryl methyl thioethers (III)/(VI) and methylene‐bridged arylamines (IV)/(VII) are synthesized via highly regioselective para‐methylthiolation/bridging methylenation of arylamines (I) and (V) using DMSO as the methylthio or methylene source.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Access to Pyrimidines Through Organocatalytic Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels—Alder Reaction of Ketones with 1,3,5‐Triazine.
Authors: Yang Gongming , Jia Qianfa , Chen Lei , Du Zhiyun , Wang Jian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe reaction proceeds with simple secondary amines (e.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodofluorination of Alkenes Using IF5—Pyridine—HF.
Authors: Yano Shohei , Hara Shoji 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIodofluorination of alkenes with IF5·Py·HF and a reducing agent, such as KI or Sn powder, yields the corresponding iodofluoroalkanes stereo‐ and regioselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Joergensen—Hayashi Catalysts Supported on Poly(ethylene glycol)s as Highly Efficient and Reusable Organocatalysts for the Enamine‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Reaction.
Authors: Xia Ai‐Bao , Zhang Can , Zhang Yan‐Peng , Guo Yan‐Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Long , Li Zhao‐Bo , Xu Dan‐Qian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe catalyst is recoverable and reusable at least 8 times.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Nucleophilic Fluorination by an Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Possessing Trialkylphosphine Oxide Functionality.
Authors: Paramanik Minakshmi , Singh Rekha , Mukhopadhyay Sulekha , Ghosh Sunil K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA series of different fluorine‐substituted compounds is synthesized by fluorination of primary alkyl mesylates using a new alkylmethylimidazolium ionic liquid as effective catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Alcohols to Enantiopure Amines Through Dual‐Enzyme Hydrogen‐Borrowing Cascades.
Authors: Mutti Francesco G. , Knaus Tanjy , Scrutton Nigel S. , Breuer Michael , Turner Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe title amines are efficiently obtained from primary and secondary alcohols under environmentally benign reaction conditions using a combination of an alcohol dehydrogenase and an amine hydrogenase.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Greener Approach for the Amide Bond Formation Employing FeCl3 as a Catalyst.
Authors: Basavaprabhu Basavaprabhu , Muniyappa Krishnamurthy , Panguluri Nageswara Rao , Veladi Panduranga , Sureshbabu Vommina V. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe direct amidation of acids with amines is shown to work well for the less nucleophilic aniline and its derivatives (II) as well as benzyl amine (VI), bromoacetic acid (X) and sterically hindered amino acid (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters via a Chemo‐Enzymatic Chain Elongation Approach by Combining Carboxylic Acid Reduction and Wittig Reaction.
Authors: Duan Yitao , Yao Peiyuan , Du Yuncheng , Feng Jinhui , Wu Qiaqing , Zhu Dunming 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA new Mycobacterium carboxylic acid reductase is found to catalyze the reduction of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids leading to the corresponding aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Allenyl Sulfones via a TBHP/TBAI‐Mediated Reaction of Propargyl Alcohols with Sulfonyl Hydrazides.
Authors: Yang Zheng , Hao Wen‐Juan , Wang Shu‐Liang , Zhang Jin‐Peng , Jiang Bo , Li Guigen , Tu Shu‐Jiang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe construction of polysubstituted allenyl sulfones is achieved in a functional‐group‐compatible manner via TBHP/TBAI‐mediated reaction of propargyl alcohols with sulfonyl hydrazide in the presence of AcOH.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ce(OTf)3/PyBox Catalyzed Enantioselective Hosomi—Sakurai Reaction of Aldehydes with Allyltrimethylsilane.
Authors: Zhao Song , Zhang Xulong , Zhang Yuwei , Yang Huanhuan , Huang Yan , Zhang Kui , Du Ting 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHomoallylic alcohols are efficiently synthesized in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities using chiral complexes as catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Chiral Urea‐Quaternary Ammonium Salt Hybrid Catalysts for Asymmetric Reactions of Glycine Schiff Bases.
Authors: Tiffner Maximilian , Novacek Johanna , Busillo Alfonso , Gratzer Katharina , Massa Antonio , Waser Mario 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe new catalysts are tested in asymmetric Michael addition reactions and aldol‐initiated cascade reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Based Carbene Involved in a Radical Process: A New Crossover Reaction to Construct γ‐Peroxy Esters and 1,4‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Jiang Jiewen , Liu Jiajun , Yang Ling , Shao Ying , Cheng Jiang , Bao Xiaoguang , Wan Xiaobing 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA novel copper‐catalyzed reaction of styrenes (I) with ethyl diazoacetate and tBu‐O‐OH provides access to γ‐peroxy esters (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A High‐Throughput Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole and 1,2,4‐Triazole Libraries in a Continuous Flow Reactor.
Authors: Bogdan Andrew R. , Wang Ying 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe heterocyclization involves first a low‐temperature peptide coupling of various carboxylic acids and hydroxyamidines, hydrazonamides, or pyridyl hydrazides followed by a high‐temperature cyclization in a continuous flow process using a fully integrated synthesis and purification platform.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipase‐Catalyzed Regioselective Domino Reaction for the Synthesis of Chromenone Derivatives.
Authors: Yang Qi , Zhou Long‐Hua , Wu Wan‐Xia , Zhang Wei , Wang Na , Yu Xiao‐Qi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract2H‐chromenones or 2‐hydroxyl‐1H‐chromenone derivatives are obtained from 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes depending on the kind of the lipase.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐4H‐chromenes by Supramolecular Catalysis in Water.
Authors: Ren Yufeng , Zhang Wei , Lu Jun , Gao Kai , Liao Xiali , Chen Xiaozhen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe title chromenes are obtained by one‐pot three‐component reaction of various aldehydes, malononitrile, and dimedone using beta‐cyclodextrin as catalyst under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Proline‐Catalyzed the Synthesis of Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones and Their Acridione Derivatives at Room Temperature.
Authors: Wang Fang‐Ming , Bao Dan , Hu Bing‐Xiang , Zhou Ze‐Yu , Huang Deng‐Deng , Chen Li‐Zhuang , Liu Yang‐Mei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe L‐proline‐catalyzed reaction of aromatic aldehydes with cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione (II) or dimedone (VIII) yields condensation products of type (III) or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyridoisoindoles Through Diazotization Followed by Intramolecular Cyclization from Pyridinylarylacetates in One Pot.
Authors: Kim Cheol‐Eui , Baek Yonghyeon , Kim Sung Hong , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA new method to synthesize various pyridoisoindoles by intramolecular cyclization of diazo substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Hetero‐Arylation of 2‐Arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with (E)‐1‐(5‐Bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐3‐arylprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones and Their Anticancer Activity.
Authors: Vellakkaran Mari , Lingayya Rajaka , Naveen Kumar Bejjanki , Nagaiah Kommu , Poornachandra Y. , Ganesh Kumar C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe title compounds are screened for their anticancer activity against A549, MCF7, HeLa, and DU145 human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Annulations of Indolo[2,3‐a]quinolizidine‐Derived Lactams with a Silylated Nazarov Reagent: Access to Allo and Epiallo Yohimbine‐Type Derivatives.
Authors: Arioli Federica , Perez Maria , Are Celeste , Estarellas Carolina , Luque F. Javier , Bosch Joan , Amat Mercedes 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe facial selectivity of double Michael addition of the silylated Nazarov reagent (II) and title compounds (I) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: (‐)‐ and (+)‐Merrilliaquinone, a Pair of New Quinone Enantiomers from Illicium merrillianum and Their Distinctive Effect on Human Hepatoma and Hepatic Cells.
Authors: Tian Xinhui , Li Li , Pei Jinpeng , Yue Rongcai , Fang Xin , Zhang Jianping , He Weiwei , Shan Lei , Shen Yunheng , Zhang Weidong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMerrilliaquinone, a new racemic quinone has been isolated from Illicium merrillianum, chiral separated, and spectroscopic analyzed.
ChemInform Abstract: The Applications of (Para)formaldehyde in Metal‐Catalyzed Organic Synthesis
Authors: Li Wanfang , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: January 2016

AbstractReview: [main achievements in the use of paraformaldehyde as methylene block, hydroxymethylation reagent, CO source, syngas surrogate, hydrogen donor or acceptor, formylation and methylation reagent; 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures, Physicochemical Properties, and Applications of T—HgII—T, C—AgI—C, and Other Metallo‐Base‐Pairs
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiyuki , Kondo Jiro , Sychrovsk� Vladimir , Sebera Jakub , Dairaku Takenori , Saneyoshi Hisao , Urata Hidehito , Torigoe Hidetaka , Ono Akira 
Published: January 2016

AbstractReview: [140 refs.
Charakterisierung von Kieselgelen mit bimodaler Porenstruktur mittels Positronenlebensdauer‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Uhlig Hans , Zieger Steve , Bluhm Chris , Münster Tom , Klöss Gert , Krause‐Rehberg Reinhard , Enke Dirk 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDie in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Ergebnisse vergleichen Stickstoffadsorption und Positronenlebensdauer‐Sprektroskopie (PALS) eines Modellsystems. Die durch die s.g. pseudomorphe Transformation hergestellten Materialien weisen eine bimodale Porenstruktur auf. Die Ergebnisse belegen eindrucksvoll, dass die Charakterisierung von bimodalen Porensystemen mit unterschiedlichen Porenvolumen mittels PALS möglich ist. Die Veränderung der Verhältnisse der Porenvolumina der zwei Porensysteme lässt sich messen und ermöglicht nach einer entsprechenden Kalibrierung auch die direkte Bestimmung des Porenvolumens durch PALS.
Effect of precipitating factors of acute heart failure on readmission and long‐term mortality
Authors: Arrigo Mattia , Tolppanen Heli , Sadoune Malha , Feliot Elodie , Teixeira Antonio , Laribi Said , Plaisance Patrick , Nouira Semir , Yilmaz Mehmet Birhan , Gayat Etienne , Mebazaa Alexandre ,   on behalf of the GREAT Network
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimsAcute heart failure (AHF) is one of the leading causes of unscheduled hospitalization and is associated with frequent readmissions and substantial mortality. Precipitating factors of AHF influence short‐term mortality, but their effect on outcome after hospital discharge is unknown. The present study assessed the effect of precipitating factors on readmission and long‐term survival in the overall population and in patients aged 75 years or younger.Methods and resultsPatients admitted with AHF (n = 755) included in the multicentre cohort ‘Biomarcoeurs’ were included in the study. Precipitating factors of AHF were classified in four main groups: acute coronary syndrome, atrial fibrillation, acute pulmonary disease and other causes. Hospital readmission during 90 days after discharge and survival at 1 year were analysed. Precipitating factors influenced readmissions and survival. Acute pulmonary disease was associated with fewer readmissions (HR 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37–0.99, P = 0.049), especially in patients aged 75 years or younger (HR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06–0.63, P = 0.006), whereas atrial fibrillation (HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.29–3.85, P = 0.004) and acute coronary syndrome (HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.02–4.86, P = 0.044) were associated with more readmissions. Patients with acute pulmonary disease at admission showed higher mortality (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.04–2.43, P = 0.034), especially in subjects aged 75 years or younger (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.17–5.41, P = 0.018).ConclusionsPrecipitating factors of AHF substantially influenced outcome after hospitalization. In particular, patients with AHF precipitated by acute pulmonary disease showed fewer readmissions and higher 1 year mortality, especially in patients aged 75 years or younger.
Evaluation of Sialic Acid Expression on Cancer Cells via an Electrochemical Assay Based on Biocompatible Au@BSA Architecture and Lectin‐modified Nanoprobes
Authors: Geng Ping , Feng Chongchong , Zhu Linling , Zhang Junying , Wang Fengyang , Liu Kai , Xu Zhiai , Zhang Wen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe changes of sialic acid (SA) expression on cell surface are closely associated with various malignant diseases. The analysis of SA expression is therefore becoming an important parameter in clinical diagnosis. In this paper, we reported a sensitive electrochemical cytosensor for the analysis of SA expression on cell surface using three‐dimensional architecture of Au@BSA and nanoprobes of carbon nanospheres modified with Au nanoparticles (CNS/AuNPs). Au@BSA microspheres provided an effective matrix for binding of Concanavalin A (Con A) which acted as the recognizer and capturer for cells via the specific affinity to mannose and the core trimannoside of N‐glycan on the cell surface. On the basis of the specific recognition of Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) to cell surface sialic acid groups, the SNA and HRP modified CNS/AuNPs nanoprobes were introduced onto the electrode surface, and amplified signals were produced by an enzymatic catalytic reaction of HRP toward the oxidation of hydroquinone (HQ) by H2O2. This cytosensor was successfully applied to the analysis of SA expression on cell surface disturbed by sialidase and to detect MCF‐7 cells and BGC‐823 cells with a low detection limit of 40 cells mL−1 and 120 cells mL−1. Therefore, the proposed strategy offers a new way for insight into the SA function in biological processes and helps improve cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Evaluation of potential mechanisms of atrazine-induced reproductive impairment in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Richter Catherine A. , Papoulias Diana M. , Whyte Jeffrey J. , Tillitt Donald E. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Atrazine has been implicated in reproductive dysfunction of exposed organisms, and previous studies documented decreased egg production in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) during 30-d to 38-d exposures to 0.5 µg/L, 5 µg/L, and 50 µg/L atrazine. The authors evaluated possible mechanisms underlying the reduction in egg production. Gene expression in steroidogenesis pathways and the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad axis of male and female fish was measured. Atrazine did not significantly induce gonad aromatase (cyp19a1a) expression. An atrazine-induced shift in the number of females in an active reproductive state was observed. Expression of the egg maturation genes vitellogenin 1 (vtg1) and zona pellucida glycoprotein 3.1 (zp3.1) in medaka females was correlated and had a bimodal distribution. In both species, females with low vtg1 or zp3.1 expression also had low expression of steroidogenesis genes in the gonad, estrogen receptor in the liver, and gonadotropins in the brain. In the medaka, the number of females per tank that had high expression of zp3.1 was significantly correlated with egg production per tank. The number of medaka females with low expression of zp3.1 increased significantly with atrazine exposure. Thus, the decline in egg production observed in response to atrazine exposure may be the result of a coordinated downregulation of genes required for reproduction in a subset of females. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2230–2238. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Organoleptic properties and perception of maize, African yam bean, and defatted coconut flour‐based breakfast cereals served in conventional forms
Authors: Usman Grace Ojali , Okafor Gabriel Ifeanyi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBreakfast cereals were produced by roasting (t = 280°C) – a dry heat treatment process to gelatinize and semidextrinize the starch – in order to generate dry ready‐to‐eat products from blends of African yam bean (AYB), maize (M), and defatted coconut (DC) flour. Six samples were generated by mixing AYB and maize composite flour with graded levels of DC flour (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) to obtain the following ratios; 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 that were added equal quantities of sugar, salt, sorghum malt extract, and water. The obtained products were served dry (without added fluid), with water, milk, and warm milk to 15 panelists along with Weetabix Original (commercial control) to evaluate color, consistency, flavor, taste, aftertaste, mouth feel, and overall acceptability using a nine‐point hedonic scale (1 = dislike extremely, 9 = like extremely). The results revealed that the samples were acceptable to the panelists. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences, between the control (Weetabix) and the formulated samples in terms of overall acceptability, when served with water, whereas significant differences (P < 0.05) existed when served dry, with milk or warm milk. This new roasting process for producing breakfast cereals offers huge potentials for production of acceptable breakfast cereals enriched with protein and fiber‐rich sources that could be consumed dry, with water, milk, or warm milk.
Quality evaluation of physical properties, antinutritional factors, and antioxidant activity of bread fortified with germinated horse gram (Dolichus uniflorus) flour
Authors: Moktan Karishma , Ojha Pravin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHorse gram was germinated at 90% RH at 25°C for 72 h after 24 h soaking and then grinded to pass through 150 μm mesh size screens. The germination of horse gram result in increased protein, fiber, total polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity of horse gram flour whereas fat, ash, carbohydrate, iron, calcium, tannin, phytate, and oxalate were reduced due to germination. Bread was prepared by the incorporation of (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) germinated horse gram flour (GHF) by a straight dough method. The loaf volume and specific volume decreased with an increased use of percentage of GHF. The sensory evaluation revealed that the incorporation of GHF up to 6% was acceptable. The protein (% db), fiber (% db), ash (% db), iron (mg/100 g), calcium (mg/100 g), tannin (mg/g), phytate (mg/g), oxalate (mg/g), total polyphenol content (GAE/g), and antioxidant activity (DPPH % inhibition) was found to be 9.08 ± 0.01, 1.23 ± 0.15, 1.36 ± 0.11, 4.07 ± 0.03, 128 ± 0.26, 2.06 ± 0.15, 2.46 ± 0.15, 0.7 ± 0.1, 12.44 ± 0.40, and 31.13 ± 0.25, respectively, in 6% GHF incorporated bread. The research concludes that 6% GHF incorporation in bread enhance the polyphenol content and antioxidant properties.