bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of chronotherapy on delirium in critical care – a systematic review
Authors: Luther Roseanne , McLeod Anne 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundDelirium is highly prevalent within critical care and is linked to adverse clinical outcomes, increased mortality and impaired quality of life. Development of delirium is thought to be caused by multiple risk factors, including disruption of the circadian rhythm. Chronotherapeutic interventions, such as light therapy, music and use of eye shades, have been suggested as an option to improve circadian rhythm within intensive care units.AimThis review aims to answer the question: Can chronotherapy reduce the prevalence of delirium in adult patients in critical care?DesignThis study is a systematic review of quantitative studies.Research MethodSix major electronic databases were searched, and a hand search was undertaken using selected key search terms. Research quality was assessed using the critical appraisal skills programme tools. The studies were critically appraised by both authors independently, and data were extracted. Four themes addressing the research question were identified and critically evaluated.FindingsSix primary research articles that investigated different methods of chronotherapy were identified, and the results suggest that multi‐component non‐pharmacological interventions are the most effective for reducing the prevalence of delirium in critical care. The melatonergic agonist Ramelteon demonstrated statistically significant reductions in delirium; however, the reliability of the results in answering the review question was limited by the research design. The use of bright light therapy (BLT) and dynamic light application had mixed results, with issues with the research design and outcomes measured limiting the validity of the findings.ConclusionMulti‐component non‐pharmacological interventions, such as noise and light control, can reduce delirium in critical care, whereas other interventions, such as BLT, have mixed outcomes. Melatonin, as a drug, may be a useful alternative to sedative‐hypnotics.Relevance to Clinical PracticeChronotherapy can reduce the incidence of delirium within critical care, although further research is warranted. Staff education is essential in the implementation of chronotherapy.
Bayesian Inference in Spatial Sample Selection Models
Authors: Doğan Osman , Taşpinar Süleyman 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, we consider Bayesian methods for the estimation of a sample selection model with spatially correlated disturbance terms. We design a set of Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms based on the method of data augmentation. The natural parameterization for the covariance structure of our model involves an unidentified parameter that complicates posterior analysis. The unidentified parameter – the variance of the disturbance term in the selection equation – is handled in different ways in these algorithms to achieve identification for other parameters. The Bayesian estimator based on these algorithms can account for the selection bias and the full covariance structure implied by the spatial correlation. We illustrate the implementation of these algorithms through a simulation study and an empirical application.
The STENOFOLIA gene from Medicago alters leaf width, flowering time and chlorophyll content in transgenic wheat
Authors: Liu Meiyan , Lei Lei , Miao Fang , Powers Carol , Zhang Xiaoyu , Deng Jungpeng , Tadege Million , Carver Brett F. , Yan Liuling 
Published: May 2017

SummaryMolecular genetic analyses revealed that the WUSCHEL‐related homeobox (WOX) gene superfamily regulates several programs in plant development. Many different mechanisms are reported to underlie these alterations. The WOX family member STENOFOLIA (STF) is involved in leaf expansion in the eudicot Medicago truncutula. Here, we report that when this gene was ectopically expressed in a locally adapted hard red winter wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum), the transgenic plants showed not only widened leaves but also accelerated flowering and increased chlorophyll content. These desirable traits were stably inherited in the progeny plants. STF binds to wheat genes that have the (GA)n/(CT)n DNA cis element, regardless of sequences flanking the DNA repeats, suggesting a mechanism for its pleiotropic effects. However, the amino acids between position 91 and 262 in the STF protein that were found to bind with the (GA)n motif have no conserved domain with any other GAGA‐binding proteins in animals or plants. We also found that STF interacted with a variety of proteins in wheat in yeast 2 hybrid assays. We conclude that the eudicot STF gene binds to (GA)n/(CT)n DNA elements and can be used to regulate leaf width, flowering time and chlorophyll content in monocot wheat.
Mandarin parents’ evaluation of developmental status in the detection of delays
Authors: Toh Teck‐Hock , Lim Boon‐Chuan , Bujang Mohamad Adam Bin , Haniff Jamaiyah , Wong See‐Chang , Abdullah Muhamad Rais 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the parental perception and accuracy of the Mandarin translation of the Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status, a screening questionnaire for parent concerns about children's various developmental skills.MethodsThe questionnaire was translated into Mandarin. Upon enrollment, caregivers completed the Mandarin PEDS and answered four questions about its acceptability and usefulness, and its ease of understanding and completion. The Mandarin PEDS was independently evaluated by a pediatrician and a community nurse, and classified as high risk (≥two predictive concerns), medium risk (one predictive concern), low risk (any non‐predictive concerns) or no risk (if no concern) for developmental delays. The caregivers repeated Mandarin PEDS at a 2 week interval for test–retest reliability, while the children underwent testing for accuracy using a developmental assessment test.ResultsThe majority (≥85%) of the 73 caregivers perceived the Mandarin PEDS as acceptable and useful, as well as easy to understand and complete. Fifteen (20.5%) and 24 responses (33.9%) were classified as high and moderate risk, respectively. The test–retest and inter‐rater reliabilities were excellent, with an intra‐class correlation coefficient of 0.812 (95% CI: 0.701–0.881, P < 0.001) and a kappa value of 0.870 (P < 0.001), respectively. Mandarin PEDS was 80.0% sensitive and 83.8% specific for those in the high‐risk category (adjusted OR, 64.68; 95% CI: 1.33–3,139.72; P = 0.035).ConclusionMandarin PEDS was well received by the caregivers, and was reliable and accurate in detecting developmental delays in the Mandarin‐speaking subjects. We recommend it for early detection of children with developmental and behavioral problems.
Severity and outcome of the norovirus infection in children after intestinal transplantation
Authors: Patte Marie , Canioni Danielle , Fenoel Véronique Avettand , Frange Pierre , Rabant Marion , Talbotec Cécile , Lacaille Florence 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn immunocompromised patients, the NoV infection is prolonged and severe. We retrospectively studied the severity of the NoV infection in children after an ITx, the treatment, and the long‐term evolution. Norovirus PCR in stools was positive for 19 children in 21 separate episodes. The infection was symptomatic in 18 cases. At diagnosis, the median weight loss was 5% (0‐11) and the creatinine clearance was 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 (19‐142). On 14 digestive biopsies, the pathological findings were non‐specific with a constant mononuclear infiltration, showing signs of rejection in one case. Fifteen children in 17 cases were hospitalized for a median duration of 41 days (0‐119) with IV infusions for 33 days (0‐120). The viral shedding lasted 78 days (20‐360). Nine children with severe or prolonged diarrhea received intravenous IGs and four of them additional NTZ. On follow‐up, five other children developed a rejection 12 months (1‐33) after NoV infection. Four uncontrolled rejections led to graft removal. Children mostly needed hospital admission and IV rehydration, but the symptoms upon presentation were moderate. Symptoms and shedding durations are prolonged as expected. The treatment efficacy cannot be assessed. The rejection induction by the NoV cannot be excluded.
Restoring Sage‐grouse nesting habitat through removal of early successional conifer
Authors: Severson John P. , Hagen Christian A. , Maestas Jeremy D. , Naugle David E. , Forbes James T. , Reese Kerry P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractConifer woodlands have expanded into sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems and degrade habitat for sagebrush obligate species such as the Greater Sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). Conifer management is increasing despite a lack of empirical evidence assessing outcomes to grouse and their habitat. Although assessments of vegetation recovery after conifer removal are common, comparisons of successional trends with habitat guidelines or actual data on habitat used by sage‐grouse is lacking. We assessed impacts of conifer encroachment on vegetation characteristics known to be important for sage‐grouse nesting. Using a controlled repeated measures design, we then evaluated vegetation changes for 3 years after conifer removal. We compared these results to data from 356 local sage‐grouse nests, rangewide nesting habitat estimates, and published habitat guidelines. We measured negative effects of conifer cover on many characteristics important for sage‐grouse nesting habitat including percent cover of forbs, grasses, and shrubs, and species richness of forbs and shrubs. In untreated habitat, herbaceous vegetation cover was slightly below the cover at local nest sites, while shrub cover and sagebrush cover were well below cover at the nest sites. Following conifer removal, we measured increases in herbaceous vegetation, primarily grasses, and sagebrush height. Our results indicate that conifer abundance can decrease habitat suitability for nesting sage‐grouse. Additionally, conifer removal can improve habitat suitability for nesting sage‐grouse within 3 years, and trajectories indicate that the habitat may continue to improve in the near future.
Two weeks of repetitive gut‐challenge reduce exercise‐associated gastrointestinal symptoms and malabsorption
Authors: Miall A. , Khoo A. , Rauch C. , Snipe R. M. J. , Camões‐Costa V. L. , Gibson P. R. , Costa R. J. S. 
Published: May 2017

Debilitating gastrointestinal symptoms is a common feature of endurance running and may be exacerbated by and/or limit the ability to tolerate carbohydrate intake during exercise. The study aimed to determine whether two weeks of repetitive gut‐challenge during running can reduce exercise‐associated gastrointestinal symptoms and carbohydrate malabsorption. Endurance runners (n=18) performed an initial gut‐challenge trial (GC1) comprising 2‐hour running exercise at 60% VO2max (steady state) while consuming a formulated gel‐disk containing 30 g carbohydrates (2:1 glucose‐fructose, 10% w/v) every 20 minutes, followed by a 1‐hour running effort bout. Gastrointestinal symptoms, feeding tolerance, and breath hydrogen (H2) were determined along the gut‐challenge trial. After GC1, participants were randomly assigned to a blinded carbohydrate (CHO, 90 gCHO hour−1) or placebo (PLA, 0 gCHO hour−1) gut‐training group. This comprised of consuming the group‐specific feeding intervention during 1‐hour running exercise at 60% VO2max equivalent, daily over a period of two weeks. Participants then repeated the gut‐challenge trial (GC2). In GC2, a reduced gut discomfort (P=.012), total (P=.009), upper‐ (P=.015), and lower‐gastrointestinal (P=.008) symptoms, and nausea (P=.05) were observed on CHO, but not PLA. Feeding tolerance did not differ between GC1 and GC2 on CHO and PLA. H2 peak was attenuated in GC2 (6±3 ppm) compared to GC1 (13±6 ppm) on CHO (P=.004), but not on PLA (GC1 11±7 ppm, and GC2 10±10 ppm). The effort bout distance was greater in GC2 (12.3±1.3 km) compared with GC1 (11.7±1.5 km) on CHO (P=.035) only. Two weeks of repetitive gut‐challenge improve gastrointestinal symptoms and reduce carbohydrate malabsorption during endurance running, which may have performance implications.
Rapid switch‐off of the human myosin heavy chain IIX gene after heavy load muscle contractions is sustained for at least four days
Authors: Andersen J. L. , Gruschy‐Knudsen T. 
Published: May 2017

Long‐term heavy load contractions decrease the relative amount of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIX isoform in human skeletal muscle, but the timing of the down‐regulation in the short term is unknown. Untrained subjects performed two resistance bouts, in two consecutive days, with one leg, the other leg serving as a control (age 24±1, n=5). Muscle biopsies were obtained in both legs before, immediately after, and 24, 54, and 96 hours after exercise. Serial cryosection analysis combined immunohistochemistry and ATPase histochemistry with In Situ hybridization to identify the distribution of MHC isoforms and their corresponding transcripts, enabling identification of transitional fibers. Fibers positive solely for MHC IIX mRNA decreased in the exercised leg throughout the study period. At 96 hours post‐exercise, no fibers solely expressed MHC IIX mRNA. In contrast, the number of fibers expressing MHC IIA mRNA increased throughout the study period. The percentage of fibers expressing mRNA for MHC I was unchanged in both legs at all time points. Pronounced depletion of glycogen in the MHC IIX fibers of the exercised leg verifies that the type IIX fibers were active during the heavy load contractions. Major mismatch between MHC at the mRNA and protein levels was only found in the fibers of the exercised leg. These data provide unequivocal in situ evidence of an immediate shutdown of the MHC IIX gene after resistance exercise. A further novel finding was that the silencing of the MHC IIX gene is sustained at least 4 days after removal of the stimulus.
Maternal and paternal reactions to child sadness predict children's psychosocial outcomes: A family‐centered approach
Authors: Miller‐Slough Rachel L. , Dunsmore Julie C. , Zeman Janice L. , Sanders Wesley M. , Poon Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractParents' reactions to children's emotions shape their psychosocial outcomes. Extant research on emotion socialization primarily uses variable‐centered approaches. This study explores family patterns of maternal and paternal responses to children's sadness in relation to psychosocial outcomes in middle childhood. Fifty‐one families with 8‐ to 12‐year‐old children participated. Mothers and fathers reported their reactions to children's sadness and children's social competence and psychological adjustment. Cluster analyses revealed three family patterns: Supportive (high supportive and low non‐supportive reactions from both parents), Not Supportive (low supportive reactions from both parents), and Father Dominant (high paternal supportive and non‐supportive reactions, low maternal supportive and non‐supportive reactions). Supportive families had children with higher social competence and more internalizing symptoms whereas Father Dominant families had children with lower social competence and fewer internalizing symptoms. Not Supportive families had children with average social competence and fewer internalizing symptoms. Findings are discussed in relation to the “divergence model” which proposes that a diverse range of parental responses to children's sadness, rather than a uniformly supportive approach, may facilitate children's psychosocial adjustment.
Pet dogs: Does their presence influence preadolescents' emotional responses to a social stressor?
Authors: Kerns Kathryn A. , Stuart‐Parrigon Kaela L. , Coifman Karin G. , van Dulmen Manfred H. M. , Koehn Amanda 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDespite interest in human–animal interaction, few studies have tested whether the presence of a dog facilitates children's emotional responding. Preadolescents (N = 99) were randomly assigned to complete the Trier Social Stress Test either with or without their pet dog. Children rated their positive and negative affect, and high‐frequency heart rate variability (HF‐HRV) was assessed throughout the session. Children reported higher positive affect when they completed the task with their pet dog, although there were no differences for negative affect or HF‐HRV. Children who had more physical contact with their dog at baseline reported higher positive affect. The findings suggest contact with pets is associated with enhanced positive affect.
Economic Openness and Institutional Embeddedness: Global Capital and Firm Performance in China's Stock Market*
Authors: Wang Junmin , Zhang Yanlong , Guthrie Doug 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThis study advances the theoretical perspective in studying economic globalization that emphasizes the moderating role of local institutions on the potential benefits brought by foreign investments on host nations.MethodsWe use mixed‐effects regression models to analyze a longitudinal data set of China's publicly listed firms between 1996 and 2012, examining how foreign share affects firm performance independently and how domestic ownerships moderate foreign share's effects on firm profitability.ResultsOur results show partial evidence for the positive role of foreign ownership on firm performance. We find that private share positively moderates the effects of foreign share on firm profitability whereas state share plays a negative moderating role. As a progressive state ownership, state institutional share appears to cooperate with foreign share more effectively than state share.ConclusionWe suggest that the global‐local partnership plays a critical role in assessing the consequences of foreign capital on local firm outcomes.
Regional differences in the management and outcome of kidney transplantation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A 3‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cristelli Marina P. , Cofán Federico , Tedesco‐Silva Helio , Trullàs Joan Carles , Santos Daniel Wagner C. L. , Manzardo Christian , Agüero Fernando , Moreno Asunción , Oppenheimer Federico , Diekmann Fritz , Medina‐Pestana Jose O. , Miro Jose Maria ,   the Sao Paulo‐Barcelona Renal Transplant in HIV Investigators
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn the developed world, kidney transplantation (KT) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is well established. Developing countries concentrate 90% of the people living with HIV, but their experience is underreported. Regional differences may affect outcomes.ObjectivesWe compared the 3‐year outcomes of patients with HIV infection receiving a KT in two different countries, in terms of incomes and development.MethodsThis was an observational, retrospective, double‐center study, including all HIV‐infected patients >18 years old undergoing KT.ResultsBetween 2005 and 2015, 54 KTs were performed (39 in a Brazilian center, and 15 in a Spanish center). Brazilians had less hepatitis C virus co‐infection (5% vs 27%, P=.024). Median cold ischemia time was higher in Brazil (25 vs 18 hours, P=.001). Biopsy‐proven acute rejection (AR) was higher in Brazil (33% vs 13%, P=.187), as were the number of AR episodes (22 vs 4, P=.063). Patient survival at 3 years was 91.3% in Brazil and 100% in Spain; P=.663. All three cases of death in Brazil were a result of bacterial infections within the first year post transplant. At 3 years, survival free from immunosuppressive changes was lower in Brazil (56% vs 90.9%, P=.036). Raltegravir‐based treatment to avoid interaction with calcineurin inhibitor was more prevalent in Spain (80% vs 3%; P<.001). HIV infection remained under control in all patients, with undetectable viral load and no opportunistic infections.ConclusionImportant regional differences exist in the demographics and management of immunosuppression and antiretroviral therapy. These details may influence AR and infectious complications. Non‐AIDS infections leading to early mortality in Brazil deserve special attention.
Live‐cell CRISPR imaging in plants reveals dynamic telomere movements
Authors: Dreissig Steven , Schiml Simon , Schindele Patrick , Weiss Oda , Rutten Twan , Schubert Veit , Gladilin Evgeny , Mette Michael F. , Puchta Holger , Houben Andreas 
Published: May 2017

SummaryElucidating the spatiotemporal organization of the genome inside the nucleus is imperative to our understanding of the regulation of genes and non‐coding sequences during development and environmental changes. Emerging techniques of chromatin imaging promise to bridge the long‐standing gap between sequencing studies, which reveal genomic information, and imaging studies that provide spatial and temporal information of defined genomic regions. Here, we demonstrate such an imaging technique based on two orthologues of the bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9). By fusing eGFP/mRuby2 to catalytically inactive versions of Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus Cas9, we show robust visualization of telomere repeats in live leaf cells of Nicotiana benthamiana. By tracking the dynamics of telomeres visualized by CRISPR–dCas9, we reveal dynamic telomere movements of up to 2 μm over 30 min during interphase. Furthermore, we show that CRISPR–dCas9 can be combined with fluorescence‐labelled proteins to visualize DNA–protein interactions in vivo. By simultaneously using two dCas9 orthologues, we pave the way for the imaging of multiple genomic loci in live plants cells. CRISPR imaging bears the potential to significantly improve our understanding of the dynamics of chromosomes in live plant cells.
Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus among blood donors in Cameroon: evidence for the design of an Africa‐specific donor history questionnaire
Authors: Tagny Claude T. , Nguefack‐Tsague Georges , Fopa Diderot , Ashu Celestin , Tante Estel , Ngo Balogog Pauline , Donfack Olivier , Mbanya Dora , Laperche Syria , Murphy Edward 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUNDIn sub‐Saharan Africa improving the deferral of at‐risk blood donors would be a cost‐effective approach to reducing transfusion‐transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. We performed a pilot case‐control study to identify the risk factors for HIV infection and to develop an adapted donor history questionnaire (DHQ) for sub‐Saharan Africa.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe recruited 137 HIV‐positive donors (cases) and 256 HIV‐negative donors (controls) and gathered risk factor data using audio computer‐assisted self‐interview. Variables with univariate associations were entered into a logistic regression model to assess independent associations. A scoring scheme to distinguish between HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative donors was developed using receiver operating characteristics curves.RESULTSWe identified 16 risk factors including sex with sex worker, past history or treatment for sexually transmitted infections, and having a partner who used injected or noninjected illegal drugs. Two novel risks were related to local behavior: polygamy (odds ratio [OR], 22.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9‐86.7) and medical or grooming treatment on the street (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0‐3.0). Using the 16 selected items the mean scores (>100) were 82.6 ± 6.7 (range, 53.2‐95.1) and 85.1 ± 5.2 for HIV‐negative donors versus 77.9 ± 6.8 for HIV‐positive ones (p = 0.000). Donors who scored between 80 and 90 were more likely to be HIV negative than those who scored less (OR, 31.4; 95% CI, 3.1‐313.9).CONCLUSIONWe identified both typical and novel HIV risk factors among Cameroonian blood donors. An adapted DHQ and score that discriminate HIV‐negative donors may be an inexpensive means of reducing transfusion‐transmitted HIV through predonation screening.