bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porosity, mechanical properties, and damping ratio of particulate‐filled polymer composite for precision machine tools
Authors: Yin Jicai , Zhang Jianhua , Zhang Yi , Wang Wenqiang 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTParticulate‐filled polymer composites (PFPC) have received a great deal of attention in the field of precision machine tools because of their excellent vibration‐alleviating property. However, applications of PFPC in the field of precision machine tools are restricted by its limited mechanical strength. The pores in PFPC are one of the key influences on its mechanical properties, such that the porosity determines the overall mechanical properties of the PFPC directly. In this paper, the relationship between porosity and mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength, elasticity modulus) and damping ratio of PFPC was studied systematically. A strong correlation between the porosity and the mechanical properties and damping ratio of PFPC was found. The results show that the mechanical properties (damping ratio) of PFPC deteriorated (increased) dramatically with increasing porosity. An empirical formula was proposed for the relation between the porosity and the mechanical properties (and damping ratio) of PFPC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44435.
Preparation and properties of reactive polyurethane polyacrylate blends based on carbonyl‐hydrazide reaction
Authors: Chai Guang , Sun Dongcheng 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTA new reactive polyurethane/polyacrylate (PU/PA) blend was developed by mixing a core–shell polyacrylate latex containing keto groups in shell layer and a polyurethane dispersion incorporating multiple hydrazide groups which was synthesized by introducing the poly‐hydrazide groups into the end of the vinyl‐terminated polyurethane chains. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results indicated that poly‐hydrazide groups had been incorporated in the polyurethane chains. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph revealed that polyacrylate particles had a clear core–shell structure. The results of FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the crosslinking reaction between two polymer systems had happened and crosslinking structure could effectively improve the compatibility between PA and PU. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and mechanical tests results suggested that crosslinking structure could enhance the thermal stability and mechanical properties of blends. The influence of the PA content and the n(CO)/n(NHNH2) ratio on the hardness, water resistance, solvent resistance, and gel fraction of the blend films were comprehensively studied. The optimal PA content and n(CO)/n(NHNH2) ratio was 30% and 1.5:1 in this experiment, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44443.
Effect of surface properties of polysulfone support on the performance of thin film composite polyamide reverse osmosis membranes
Authors: Ehsan Yakavalangi Mohammad , Rimaz Sajjad , Vatanpour Vahid 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, influence of initial conditions and surface characteristics of porous support layer on structure and performance of a thin film composite (TFC) polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membrane was investigated. The phase inversion method was used for casting of polysulfone (PSf) supports and interfacial polymerization was used for coating of polyamide layer over the substrates. The effect of PSf concentrations that varied between 16 wt % and 21 wt %, and kind of the solvent (DMF and NMP) used for preparation of initial casting solution were investigated on the properties of the final RO membranes. SEM imaging, surface porosity, mean pore radius, and pure water flux analysis were applied for characterization of the supports. The substrate of the membrane, which synthesized with 18 wt % of PSf showed the most porosity and the synthesized RO membrane had the lowest salt rejection. In case of the solvents, the membranes synthesized with DMF presented better separation performance that can be attributed to their lower thickness and sponge‐like structure. The best composition of support for TFC RO membranes reached 16 wt % PSf in DMF solvent. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44444.
The Thr–His Connection on the Distal Heme of Catalase‐Related Hemoproteins: A Hallmark of Reaction with Fatty Acid Hydroperoxides
Authors: Mashhadi Zahra , Newcomer Marcia E. , Brash Alan R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis review focuses on a group of heme peroxidases that retain the catalase fold in structure, yet show little or no reaction with hydrogen peroxide. Instead of having a role in oxidative defense, these enzymes are involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The prototypical enzyme is catalase‐related allene oxide synthase, an enzyme that converts a specific fatty acid hydroperoxide to the corresponding allene oxide (epoxide). Other catalase‐related enzymes form allylic epoxides, aldehydes, or a bicyclobutane fatty acid. In all catalases (including these relatives), a His residue on the distal face of the heme is absolutely required for activity. Its immediate neighbor in sequence as well as in 3 D space is conserved as Val in true catalases and Thr in the fatty acid hydroperoxide‐metabolizing enzymes. Thr–His on the distal face of the heme is critical in switching the substrate specificity from H2O2 to fatty acid hydroperoxide.
Lewis Acid Sites Stabilized Nickel Catalysts for Dry (CO2) Reforming of Methane
Authors: Ni Jun , Zhao Jia , Chen Luwei , Lin Jianyi , Kawi Sibudjing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStrong Lewis acid species [Al–F] were synthesized on a series of Al2O3‐supported Ni catalysts modified with (0, 1, 5, and 10 wt.%) of KF to investigate the electronic and anchoring effect of [Al–F] on Ni catalysts in terms of catalytic activity, stability, and carbon resistance during dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction. With the aids of XRD analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy analyses, it was found that the activity and stability of KF‐modified catalysts in the reaction was directly associated to the presence of [Al–F] sites. The [Al–F] Lewis acid sites not only stabilized the metal Ni from high‐temperature sintering after reaction of 200 h through an enhanced metal–support interaction, but also reduced the electron density of Ni metal, which alleviated the fast decomposition of CH4 and subsequent carbon deposition on catalysts. Balancing the rates for CH4 dissociation and carbon removal would be promising steps in the design of active and stable Ni‐based catalysts.
Rim, Side Arms, and Cavity: Three Sites for the Recognition of Anions by Tetraazolium Resorcinarene Cavitands
Authors: Ruiz‐Botella Sheila , Vidossich Pietro , Ujaque Gregori , Peris Eduardo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTwo tetrabenzoimidazolium‐resorcinarene cavitands were prepared and used for the recognition of chloride, bromide, iodide, cyanide, nitrate, perchlorate, hexanoate, benzenesulfonate, and p‐toluenesulfonate. Binding affinities of the two cavitands were determined by 1H NMR titration and computational analysis. The observed spectral changes were related to specific interaction sites, which were supported by the computational studies. In the case of the C2−H tetrabenzoimidazolium‐resorcinarene, the recognition region of the inorganic anions and hexanoate was located at the rim of the cavitand, although chloride and bromide also interacted with the aromatic C−H bonds located between adjacent arms of the cavitand. By contrast, the recognition of the two anions with an aromatic ring (benzenesulfonate and p‐toluenesulfonate) results from encapsulation of the aromatic part of the anions inside the hydrophobic cavity of the host. In the case of the C2−Me tetrabenzoimizazolium‐resorcinarene receptor, the ability of the molecule to bind all inorganic anions and hexanoate was suppressed, but the receptor maintained its ability to strongly bind benzenesulfonate and p‐toluenesulfonate. This is interpreted in terms of suppression of the ability of the cavitand to form hydrogen bonds at the rim of the molecule due to replacement of the C2−H proton by a methyl group, while the hydrophobic pocket of the molecule maintains its binding abilities.
Electrochemical Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Encapsulated Metal Clusters within Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks
Authors: Wang Pengyuan , Liu Jia , Liu Chuanfang , Zheng Bin , Zou Xiaoqin , Jia Mingjun , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIt is very interesting and also a big challenge to encapsulate metal clusters within microporous solids to expand their application diversity. For this target, herein, we present an electrochemical synthesis strategy for the encapsulation of noble metals (Au, Pd, Pt) within ZIF‐8 cavities. In this method, metal precursors of AuCl42−, PtCl62−, and PdCl42− are introduced into ZIF‐8 crystals during the concurrent crystallization of ZIF‐8 at the anode. As a consequence, very small metal clusters with sizes around 1.2 nm are obtained within ZIF‐8 crystals after hydrogen reduction; these clusters exhibit high thermal stability, as evident from the good maintenance of their original sizes after a high‐temperature test. The catalytic properties of the encapsulated metal clusters within ZIF‐8 are evaluated for CO oxidations. Because of the small pore window of ZIF‐8 (0.34 nm) and the confinement effect of small pores, about 80 % of the metal clusters (fractions of 0.74, 0.77, and 0.75 for Au, Pt, and Pd in ZIF‐8, respectively) retain their catalytic activity after exposure to the organosulfur poison thiophene (0.46 nm), which is in contrast to their counterparts (fractions of 0.22, 0.25, and 0.20 for Au, Pt, and Pd on the SiO2 support). The excellent performances of metal clusters encapsulated within ZIF‐8 crystals give new opportunities for catalytic reactions.
N‐Heterocyclic Olefin–Carbon Dioxide and –Sulfur Dioxide Adducts: Structures and Interesting Reactivity Patterns
Authors: Finger Lars H. , Guschlbauer Jannick , Harms Klaus , Sundermeyer Jörg 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDepending on the amount of methanol present in solution, CO2 adducts of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and N‐heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) have been found to be in fully reversible equilibrium with the corresponding methyl carbonate salts [EMIm][OCO2Me] and [EMMIm][OCO2Me]. The reactivity pattern of representative 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐NHO–CO2 adduct 4 has been investigated and compared with the corresponding NHC–CO2 zwitterion: The protonation of 4 with HX led to the imidazolium salts [NHO–CO2H][X], which underwent decarboxylation to [EMMIm][X] in the presence of nucleophilic catalysts. NHO–CO2 zwitterion 4 can act as an efficient carboxylating agent towards CH acids such as acetonitrile. The [EMMIm] cyanoacetate and [EMMIm]2 cyanomalonate salts formed exemplify the first C−C bond‐forming carboxylation reactions with NHO‐activated CO2. The reaction of the free NHO with dimethyl carbonate selectively led to methoxycarbonylated NHO, which is a perfect precursor for the synthesis of functionalized ILs [NHO–CO2Me][X]. The first NHO‐SO2 adduct was synthesized and structurally characterized; it showed a similar reactivity pattern, which allowed the synthesis of imidazolium methyl sulfites upon reaction with methanol.
The population impact of human papillomavirus/cytology cervical cotesting at 3‐year intervals: Reduced cervical cancer risk and decreased yield of precancer per screen
Authors: Silver Michelle I. , Schiffman Mark , Fetterman Barbara , Poitras Nancy E. , Gage Julia C. , Wentzensen Nicolas , Lorey Thomas , Kinney Walter K. , Castle Philip E. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDThe objective of cervical screening is to detect and treat precancer to prevent cervical cancer mortality and morbidity while minimizing overtreatment of benign human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and related minor abnormalities. HPV/cytology cotesting at extended 5‐year intervals currently is a recommended screening strategy in the United States, but the interval extension is controversial. In the current study, the authors examined the impact of a decade of an alternative, 3‐year cotesting, on rates of precancer and cancer at Kaiser Permanente Northern California. The effect on screening efficiency, defined as numbers of cotests/colposcopy visits needed to detect a precancer, also was considered.METHODSTwo cohorts were defined. The “open cohort” included all women screened at least once during the study period; > 1 million cotests were performed. In a fixed “long‐term screening cohort,” the authors considered the cumulative impact of repeated screening at 3‐year intervals by restricting the cohort to women first cotested in 2003 through 2004 (ie, no women entering screening later were added to this group).RESULTSDetection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3/adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN3/AIS) increased in the open cohort (2004‐2006: 82.0/100,000 women screened; 2007‐2009: 140.6/100,000 women screened; and 2010‐2012: 126.0/100,000 women screened); cancer diagnoses were unchanged. In the long‐term screening cohort, the detection of CIN3/AIS increased and then decreased to the original level (2004‐2006: 80.5/100,000 women screened; 2007‐2009: 118.6/100,000 women screened; and 2010‐2012: 84.9./100,000 women screened). The number of cancer diagnoses was found to decrease. When viewed in terms of screening efficiency, the number of colposcopies performed to detect a single case of CIN3/AIS increased in the cohort with repeat screening.CONCLUSIONSRepeated cotesting at a 3‐year interval eventually lowers population rates of precancer and cancer. However, a greater number of colposcopies are required to detect a single precancer. Cancer 2016;122:3682‐6. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Testing and referral patterns in the years surrounding the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation against prostate‐specific antigen screening
Authors: Hutchinson Ryan , Akhtar Abdulhadi , Haridas Justin , Bhat Deepa , Roehrborn Claus , Lotan Yair 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDSince the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening, there have been conflicting reports regarding the impact on the behavior of providers. This study analyzed real‐world data on PSA ordering and referral practices in the years surrounding the recommendation.METHODSA whole‐institution sample of entered PSA orders and urology referrals was obtained from the electronic medical record. The study was performed at a tertiary referral center with a catchment in the southern United States. PSA examinations were defined as screening when they were ordered by providers with appointments in internal medicine, family medicine, or general internal medicine. Linear and quadratic regression analyses were performed, and joinpoint regression was used to assess for trend inflection points.RESULTSBetween January 2010 and July 2015, there were 275,784 unique ambulatory visits for men. There were 63,722 raw PSA orders, and 54,684 were evaluable. Primary care providers ordered 17,315 PSA tests and 858 urology referrals. The number of PSA tests per ambulatory visit, the number of referrals per ambulatory visit, the age at the time of the urology referral, and the proportion of PSA tests performed outside the recommended age range did not significantly change. The PSA value at the time of referral increased significantly (P = .022). Joinpoint analysis revealed no joinpoints in the analysis of total PSA orders, screening PSA tests, or examinations per 100 visits.CONCLUSIONSIn the years surrounding the USPSTF recommendation, PSA behavior did not change significantly. Patients were referred at progressively higher average PSA levels. The implications for prostate cancer outcomes from these trends warrant further research into provider variables associated with actual PSA utilization. Cancer 2016;122:3785–3793. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Association between access to accelerated partial breast irradiation and use of adjuvant radiotherapy
Authors: Wang Elyn H. , Park Henry S. , Rutter Charles E. , Gross Cary P. , Soulos Pamela R. , Yu James B. , Evans Suzanne B. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDThe current study was performed to determine whether access to facilities performing accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is associated with differences in the use of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT).METHODSUsing the National Cancer Data Base, the authors performed a retrospective study of women aged ≥50 years who were diagnosed with early‐stage breast cancer between 2004 and 2013 and treated with breast‐conserving surgery (BCS). Facilities performing APBI in ≥10% of their eligible patients within a given year were defined as APBI facilities whereas those not performing APBI were defined as non‐APBI facilities. All other facilities were excluded. The authors identified independent factors associated with RT use using multivariable logistic regression with clustering in the overall sample as well as in subsets of patients with standard‐risk invasive cancer, low‐risk invasive cancer, and ductal carcinoma in situ.RESULTSAmong 222,544 patients, 76.6% underwent BCS plus RT and 23.4% underwent BCS alone. The likelihood of RT receipt in the overall sample did not appear to differ significantly between APBI and non‐APBI facilities (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.02; P = .61). Subgroup multivariable analysis demonstrated that among patients with standard‐risk invasive cancer, there was no association between evaluation at an APBI facility and receipt of RT (AOR, 0.98; P = .69). However, patients with low‐risk invasive cancer were found to be significantly more likely to receive RT (54.4% vs 59.5%; AOR, 1.22 [P<.001]), whereas patients with ductal carcinoma in situ were less likely to receive RT (56.9% vs 55.3%; AOR, 0.89 [P = .04]) at APBI facilities.CONCLUSIONSPatients who were eligible for observation were more likely to receive RT in APBI facilities but no difference was observed among patients with standard‐risk invasive cancer who would most benefit from RT. Cancer 2017;123:502–511. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Herringbone Pattern and CH–π Bonding in the Crystal Architecture of Linear Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Guijarro Albert , Vergés José A. , San‐Fabián Emilio , Chiappe Guillermo , Louis Enrique 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe herringbone pattern is a pervasive structural motive found in most molecular crystals involving aromatic compounds. A plot of the experimental sublimation enthalpies of members of increasing size of the acene, phenacene and p‐phenyl families versus the number of carbons uncovers a linear relationship between the two magnitudes, suggesting a major role of CH–π bonding. In this work we undertake the task of evaluating the relevance of the edge‐to‐face interaction (or CH–π bond) in the overall reticular energy of the crystal, to quantitatively assess the importance of this structural element. Following a heuristic approach, we considered the series of acenes, phenacenes and p‐phenyls and analyzed the edge‐to‐face interaction between the molecules as they occur in the experimental crystal network. Isolation of the relevant molecular dimers allows to incorporate some of the most sophisticated tools of quantum chemistry and get a reliable picture of the isolated bond. When compared to the experimental sublimation energy, our results are conclusive: this sole interaction is the largest contribution to the lattice energy, and definitively dictates the crystal architecture in all the studied cases. Elusive enough, the edge‐to‐face interaction is mainly dominated by correlation interactions, specifically in the form of dispersion and, to a less extent, of charge‐transfer terms. A suggestive picture of the bond has been obtained by displaying the differences in local electron densities calculated by either correlated or non‐correlated methods.
What are People's Experiences of a Novel Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Bipolar Disorders? A Qualitative Investigation with Participants on the TEAMS Trial
Authors: Joyce Emmeline , Tai Sara , Gebbia Piersanti , Mansell Warren 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundPsychological interventions for bipolar disorders typically produce mixed outcomes and modest effects. The need for a more effective intervention prompted the development of a new cognitive behavioural therapy, based on an integrative cognitive model (‘Think Effectively About Mood Swings’ [TEAMS] therapy). Unlike previous interventions, TEAMS addresses current symptoms and comorbidities, and helps clients achieve long‐term goals. A pilot randomized controlled trial (the TEAMS trial) of the therapy has recently concluded. This study explored participants' experiences of TEAMS, recommendations for improvement and experiences of useful changes post‐therapy.MethodsFourteen TEAMS therapy participants took part in semi‐structured interviews. Their accounts were analysed using interpretative thematic analysis. Two researchers coded the dataset independently. Member checks were conducted of the preliminary themes.ResultsTwo overarching themes; ‘useful elements of therapy’ and ‘changes from therapy’ encompassed 12 emerging subthemes. Participants appreciated having opportunities to talk and described the therapy as person‐centred and delivered by caring, approachable and skilled therapists. Some recommended more sessions than the 16 provided. Helpful therapeutic techniques were reported to be, normalization about moods, methods to increase understanding of moods, relapse‐prevention, reappraisal techniques and metaphors. However, some did not find therapeutic techniques helpful. Post‐therapy, many reported changes in managing mood swings more effectively and in their thinking (although some participants reported changes in neither). Many described increased acceptance of themselves and of having bipolar disorder, increased productivity and reduced anxiety in social situations.ConclusionsThe present study evaluates participants' therapy experiences in detail, including aspects of therapy viewed as helpful, and meaningful post‐therapy outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

This is the first paper to qualitatively explore people's experiences of individual psychotherapy for bipolar disorders. It highlights elements of psychotherapy described as particularly helpful or unhelpful and the clinical changes viewed as most impactful.
Participants reported benefitting in a number of ways from TEAMS therapy. They valued learning to reappraise and problem‐solve situations and manage moods.
Participants identified TEAMS techniques as helpful, such as exploring advantages and disadvantages of moods, and building healthy self‐states.