bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of depression among offspring at high and low familial risk of bipolar disorder
Authors: Diler Rasim Somer , Goldstein Tina R. , Hafeman Danella , Rooks Brian Thomas , Sakolsky Dara , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Monk Kelly , Hickey Mary Beth , Axelson David , Iyengar Satish , Birmaher Boris 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesHaving a parent with bipolar disorder (BP) is a very strong risk factor for developing BP. Similarly, depression among youth is a clinical risk factor for subsequent BP. We evaluated whether mood symptomatology in depressed youth is different between those at high and low familial risk to develop BP.MethodsThe most severe major depressive episode in BP offspring (N=61) and community control offspring (N=20) was evaluated using expanded depression and mania rating scales derived from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for Children Present Version. The results were adjusted for any between‐group significant demographic differences and for multiple comparisons.ResultsThe severity of depressive symptoms and the percentage of offspring with severe depressive symptoms, especially atypical depressive features, were significantly higher in the depressed offspring of BP parents compared to the depressed controls (Ps<.05). The depressive symptoms were helpful to identify a high‐risk group (e.g., odds ratio [OR] for hypersomnia: 22.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3‐404, P=.04). In addition, there were significantly more depressed offspring of BP parents with subsyndromal manic symptoms than controls (52.5% vs 20%, OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.2‐14.7, P<.01).ConclusionsDepressed BP offspring had more severe depression including atypical depressive symptoms, and were more likely to have subsyndromal mixed manic symptoms than depressed control offspring. Prospective studies to evaluate whether these youth are at high risk to develop BP are warranted. If replicated, the results of this study have important clinical (e.g., treatment of depression in depressed offspring of BP parents) and research implications.
Perception of emotional climate in a revolution: Test of a multistage theory of revolution in the Tunisian context
Authors: Rimé Bernard , Yzerbyt Vincent , Mahjoub Abdelwahab 
Published: June 2017

Participation in social movements and collective action depends upon people's capacity to perceive their societal context. We examined this question in the context of Arab Spring revolutions. In a classic theory of revolution highlighting the role of collective emotions, Brinton (1938) claimed that revolutions, far from chaos, proceed in an orderly sequence involving four stages: euphoria, degradation, terror, and restoration. The emotional climate (EC) as perceived by ordinary Tunisian citizens (2,699 women and 3,816 men) was measured during the 4 years of the Tunisian revolution. A quadratic pattern of perceived EC measures over time provided strong support to Brinton's model. In addition, three different analyses suggested the presence of four distinct stages in the evolution of perceived EC. Third, the socio‐political developments in Tunisia during the four stages proved entirely consistent with both Brinton's theoretical model and the perceived EC indicators. Finally, social identification proved closely related to the temporal evolution of positive EC scores. In sum, data from this study not only lend support to the views put forth in an heretofore untested classic theory of revolution but also demonstrate that psychosocial measurements can validly monitor a major process of socio‐political transformation.
Mild–moderate congenital hearing loss: secular trends in outcomes across four systems of detection
Authors: Carew P. , Mensah F. K. , Rance G. , Flynn T. , Poulakis Z. , Wake M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundUniversal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) targets moderate or greater hearing loss. However, UNHS also frequently detects children with mild loss that results in many receiving early treatment. The benefits of this approach are not yet established. We aimed to (i) compare language and psychosocial outcomes between four hearing loss detection systems for children aged 5–8 years with congenital mild–moderate hearing loss; (ii) determine whether age of detection predicts outcomes; and (iii) compare outcomes between children identified via well‐established UNHS and the general population.MethodsLinear regression adjusted for potential confounding factors was used throughout. Via a quasi‐experimental design, language and psychosocial outcomes were compared across four population‐based Australian systems of hearing loss detection: opportunistic detection, born 1991–1993, n = 50; universal risk factor referral, born 2003–2005, n = 34; newly established UNHS, born 2003–2005, n = 41; and well‐established UNHS, born 2007–2010, n = 21. In pooled analyses, we examined whether age of detection predicted outcomes. Outcomes were similarly compared between the current well‐established UNHS system and typically developing children in the Early Language in Victoria Study, born 2003, n = 1217.ResultsAge at diagnosis and hearing aid fitting fell steadily across the four systems. For moderate losses, mean expressive language (P for trend .05) and receptive vocabulary (P for trend .06) improved across the four systems, but benefit was not obvious for mild losses. In pooled analyses, diagnosis before age six months predicted better language outcomes for moderate losses. Children with mild–moderate losses exposed to well‐established UNHS continue to experience expressive language scores well below children in the general population (adjusted mean difference −8.9 points, 95% CI −14.7 to −3.1).ConclusionsTreatment arising from UNHS appears to be clearly benefitting children with moderate hearing losses. However, rigorous trials are needed to quantify benefits, versus costs and potential harms, of early aiding of children with mild losses.
Peer Influence Via Instagram: Effects on Brain and Behavior in Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Authors: Sherman Lauren E. , Greenfield Patricia M. , Hernandez Leanna M. , Dapretto Mirella 
Published: June 2017

Mobile social media often feature the ability to “Like” content posted by others. This study examined the effect of Likes on youths' neural and behavioral responses to photographs. High school and college students (N = 61, ages 13–21) viewed theirs and others' Instagram photographs while undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Participants more often Liked photographs that appeared to have received many (vs. few) Likes. Popular photographs elicited greater activity in multiple brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a hub of the brain's reward circuitry. NAcc responsivity increased with age for high school but not college students. When viewing images depicting risk‐taking (vs. nonrisky photographs), high school students, but not college students, showed decreased activation of neural regions implicated in cognitive control.
Hidden biodiversity: total evidence phylogenetics and evolution of morphological traits in a highly diverse lineage of endogean ground beetles,TyphlocharisDieck, 1869 (Carabidae, Trechinae, Anillini)
Authors: Pérez‐González Sergio , Andújar Carmelo , Zaballos Juan Pérez 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTyphlocharisis the most diverse eyeless endogean ground beetle genus known to date, with 62 species all endemic to the West Mediterranean region. The lineage is characterized by a conservative and singular body plan within Carabidae that contrasts with a high morphological diversity in many traits. We provide an exhaustive phylogeny of the lineage through the study of 92 morphological characters from all 62 described species and 45 potential new species from 70 additional populations, and the combination of morphological and available molecular data, in the first total evidence phylogenetic approach for a highly diverse endogean lineage. We tracked the evolution of morphological traits over the obtained phylogenies. Results suggest eight morphologically distinct clades, which do not correspond to the species groups proposed formerly. Ancestral state reconstructions and phylogenetic signal analyses of morphological traits revealed that some of the previously key characters to the classification ofTyphlocharis, such as the umbilicate series or the apical denticles of elytra, are highly homoplasic, whereas other characters show stronger phylogenetic signal, including structures in the antennae, gula, pronotum and last abdominal ventrite. This evidence supports the split ofTyphlocharisinto three genera:Lusotyphlusgen. nov.;TyphlocharisDieck, 1869 andMicrocharidiusCoiffait, 1969 (revalidated), forming the subtribe Typhlocharina Jeanne, 1973.
Polyethylene glycol‐induced motor recovery after total spinal transection in rats
Authors: Ren Shuai , Liu Ze‐Han , Wu Qiong , Fu Kuang , Wu Jun , Hou Li‐Ting , Li Ming , Zhao Xin , Miao Qing , Zhao Yun‐Long , Wang Sheng‐Yu , Xue Yan , Xue Zhen , Guo Ya‐Shan , Canavero Sergio , Ren Xiao‐Ping 
Published: June 2017

SummaryAimsDespite more than a century of research, spinal paralysis remains untreatable via biological means. A new understanding of spinal cord physiology and the introduction of membrane fusogens have provided new hope that a biological cure may soon become available. However, proof is needed from adequately powered animal studies.Methods and resultsTwo groups of rats (n=9, study group, n=6 controls) were submitted to complete transection of the dorsal cord at T10. The animals were randomized to receive either saline or polyethylene glycol (PEG) in situ. After 4 weeks, the treated group had recovered ambulation vs none in the control group (BBB scores; P=.0145). One control died. All animals were studied with somatosensory‐evoked potentials (SSEP) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). SSEP recovered postoperatively only in PEG‐treated rats. At study end, DTI showed disappearance of the transection gap in the treated animals vs an enduring gap in controls (fractional anisotropy/FA at level: P=.0008).ConclusionsWe show for the first time in an adequately powered study that the paralysis attendant to a complete transection of the spinal cord can be reversed. This opens the path to a severance‐reapposition cure of spinal paralysis, in which the injured segment is excised and the two stumps approximated after vertebrectomy/diskectomies.
Defining low anterior resection syndrome: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Keane C. , Wells C. , O'Grady G. , Bissett I. P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThere is increasing awareness of the poor functional outcome suffered by many patients after sphincter‐preserving rectal resection, termed ‘low anterior resection syndrome’ (LARS). There is no consensus definition of LARS and varying instruments have been employed to measure functional outcome, complicating research into prevalence, contributing factors and potential therapies. We therefore aimed to describe the instruments and outcome measures used in studies of bowel dysfunction after low anterior resection and identify major themes used in the assessment of LARS.MethodA systematic review of the literature was performed for studies published between 1986 and 2016. The instruments and outcome measures used to report bowel function after low anterior resection were extracted and their frequency of use calculated.ResultsThe search revealed 128 eligible studies. These employed 18 instruments, over 30 symptoms, and follow‐up time periods from 4 weeks to 14.6 years. The most frequent follow‐up period was 12 months (48%). The most frequently reported outcomes were incontinence (97%), stool frequency (80%), urgency (67%), evacuatory dysfunction (47%), gas–stool discrimination (34%) and a measure of quality of life (80%). Faecal incontinence scoring systems were used frequently. The LARS score and the Bowel Function Instrument (BFI) were used in only nine studies.ConclusionLARS is common, but there is substantial variation in the reporting of functional outcomes after low anterior resection. Most studies have focused on incontinence, omitting other symptoms that correlate with patients’ quality of life. To improve and standardize research into LARS, a consensus definition should be developed, and these findings should inform this goal.
High stoma prevalence and stoma reversal complications following anterior resection for rectal cancer: a population‐based multicentre study
Authors: Holmgren K. , Kverneng Hultberg D. , Haapamäki M. M. , Matthiessen P. , Rutegård J. , Rutegård M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimFashioning a defunctioning stoma is common when performing an anterior resection for rectal cancer in order to avoid and mitigate the consequences of an anastomotic leakage. We investigated the permanent stoma prevalence, factors influencing stoma outcome and complication rates following stoma reversal surgery.MethodPatients who had undergone an anterior resection for rectal cancer between 2007 and 2013 in the northern healthcare region were identified using the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry and were followed until the end of 2014 regarding stoma outcome. Data were retrieved by a review of medical records. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate predefined risk factors for stoma permanence. Risk factors for non‐reversal of a defunctioning stoma were also analysed, using Cox proportional‐hazards regression.ResultsA total of 316 patients who underwent anterior resection were included, of whom 274 (87%) were defunctioned primarily. At the end of the follow‐up period 24% had a permanent stoma, and 9% of patients who underwent reversal of a stoma experienced major complications requiring a return to theatre, need for intensive care or mortality. Anastomotic leakage and tumour Stage IV were significant risk factors for stoma permanence. In this series, partial mesorectal excision correlated with a stoma‐free outcome. Non‐reversal was considerably more prevalent among patients with leakage and Stage IV; Stage III patients at first had a decreased reversal rate, which increased after the initial year of surgery.ConclusionStoma permanence is common after anterior resection, while anastomotic leakage and advanced tumour stage decrease the chances of a stoma‐free outcome. Stoma reversal surgery entails a significant risk of major complications.
Framing the results agenda in Swedish development co‐operation
Authors: Brolin Therese 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe demand for results within international development co‐operation has increased over recent decades. Although many development actors agree on the necessity of improving their reporting on results, there is no general definition of what a result is or what the so‐called results agenda entails. With examples from Swedish development co‐operation and Swedish development relations with Uganda, this article explores how development actors are framing the results agenda. The findings, drawn from document analysis and interviews with stakeholders in Sweden and Uganda, reveal that Swedish development actors have different ways of describing the problem they intend to address with the results agenda, leading to misunderstandings over the implementation of the agenda and the effectiveness of the development co‐operation.
Outcomes and prognostic factors that influence the success of tooth autotransplantation in children and adolescents
Authors: Kafourou Vasiliki , Tong Huei Jinn , Day Peter , Houghton Nadine , Spencer R. James , Duggal Monty 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground/AimTooth autotransplantation has been advocated for replacement of missing teeth or teeth that are unsuitable for restoration. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes and prognostic factors that influenced the success of tooth transplantation in a paediatric population.Materials and MethodsData were extracted from the records of 75 patients (89 teeth). Demographic and prognostic factors were recorded and analysed for the clinical and radiographic outcomes for periodontal ligament (PDL) and pulp healing of transplanted teeth.ResultsThe mean age at transplant was 13.2 years, and the mean follow‐up observation period was 2.6±1.8 years with a range of 12.0 months to 9.9 years. The main reason for transplantation was to replace upper central incisors lost or missing due to dental trauma, hypodontia and dilaceration. Of the 45 teeth that were monitored for pulp revascularization, 75.6% showed clinical and radiographic signs of pulp healing and 24.4% showed signs of pulp necrosis and infection. Pulp healing was significantly related to the stage of root development of the transplant. Favourable PDL healing was observed in 87.6% of the transplants, while 13.5% showed signs of replacement resorption. PDL healing was significantly related to the stage of root formation of the transplanted tooth at the time of the surgery, the ease of handling and placement of the tooth, and the status of the alveolar bone at the recipient site at the time of the surgery. Overall success of tooth transplantation was 87.6%, and the survival rate was 94.4%.ConclusionsTooth transplantation carried out in children and adolescents demonstrated high success and survival, with the stage of root development influencing both the pulp and PDL healing of the transplanted teeth.
Phosphorus‐rich grasshoppers consume plants high in nitrogen and phosphorus
Authors: IBANEZ SÉBASTIEN , MILLERY ANNIE , D'OTTAVIO MARIE , GUILHOT ROBIN , VESIN EDOUARD 
Published: June 2017

1. Insect herbivores choose their food according to its protein to carbohydrate ratio, but the reasons why different species have contrasting intake targets remain unclear. According to the growth rate hypothesis, P‐rich insects have higher growth rates. It is therefore expected that P‐rich insects will prefer plants that are high in protein (hence in nitrogen, N) and phosphorus (P).2. To test this hypothesis, the ecological stoichiometry and the interaction network frameworks were combined. The food preferences of 24 plant species by 23 grasshopper species were determined, and the N and P contents of both trophic levels were measured. The weighted mean P and N contents of the consumed plants, which represent the grasshoppers' feeding niche, were highly correlated, indicating that the grasshoppers' diets are spread along a single functional niche axis. The links between the stoichiometry of the plants and their consumers were then tested with the fourth corner analysis, a multivariate technique combining the plant traits, the insect traits and the interaction network.3. In line with the earlier hypothesis, P‐rich grasshoppers consumed plants high in N and P, probably because their growth rate is higher. These findings therefore introduce a mechanism that accounts for interspecific differences in diet preference. They also contribute to an understanding of how herbivore communities might respond to P and N limitation in ecosystems, and how complex interaction networks can influence biogeochemical cycles of N and P.
Outcome in patients converting to psychosis following a treated clinical high risk state
Authors: Malla Ashok , de Bonneville Marianne , Shah Jai , Jordan Gerald , Pruessner Marita , Faridi Kia , Rabinovitch Mark , Iyer Srividya N , Joober Ridha 
Published: June 2017

AimWe explored 2‐year outcomes in a sample of clinical high risk (CHR) patients who converted to psychosis despite receiving interventions.MethodsOf 167 CHR patients, 18 had converted to psychosis and received treatment for their first episode of psychosis in an early intervention service over 2 years.ResultsCompared to patients admitted directly to the same early intervention service without having been identified as CHR prior to onset of psychosis, CHR converters were in remission for fewer months (M = 5 vs M = 10); were more likely to be prescribed more than 1 antipsychotic medication (90% vs 68%) and to receive clozapine treatment (38% vs 2%) over 2 years.ConclusionsCHR patients who convert to psychosis may be inherently more resistant to comprehensive treatment and may have poorer outcomes. Conversion to psychosis from a state of CHR can be reduced to a rate of 10%–12% following interventions, yet outcomes for patients who convert despite such interventions remain unexplored.
School mental healthcare services using internet‐based cognitive behaviour therapy for young male athletes in Japan
Authors: Sekizaki Ryo , Nemoto Takahiro , Tsujino Naohisa , Takano Chieko , Yoshida Chie , Yamaguchi Taiju , Katagiri Naoyuki , Ono Yutaka , Mizuno Masafumi 
Published: June 2017

AimPreventive intervention and treatment using internet‐based cognitive behaviour therapy (iCBT) can be easily administered to school students, as they are quite familiar with internet tools. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness and contribution ofiCBTto mental healthcare in a school setting.MethodsEighty Japanese high school boys who were participating in a sports specialist course were enrolled in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to either theiCBTintervention group or the control group. Both programmes were administered for 4 weeks. To evaluate the effects, physical and mental health problems and self‐efficacy were assessed.ResultsThe mean number of times that theiCBTwebsite was accessed during the intervention period was 16.9, and the mean access frequency (percentage of the number of times the website was accessed during the intervention period) was 40.1% in theiCBTgroup. A statistically significant interaction between group and time in favour of theiCBTgroup was observed based on the Kessler‐6 (K6) scale for depression and anxiety.ConclusionsThe results suggest that a school mental healthcare programme usingiCBTis suitable for students and useful for coping with stress and reducing depressed mood and anxiety in young people, especially athletes, who are regarded as needing special mental health support.
Measuring mimicry: general corticospinal facilitation during observation of naturalistic behaviour
Authors: van Schaik J. E. , Sacheli L. M. , Bekkering H. , Toni I. , Aglioti S. M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMimicry of others' postures and behaviours forms an implicit yet indispensable component of social interactions. However, whereas numerous behavioural studies have investigated the occurrence of mimicry and its social sensitivity, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, single‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to measure corticospinal facilitation during a naturalistic behaviour observation task adapted from the behavioural mimicry literature. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in participants' right hands were measured as they observed stimulus videos of a confederate describing photographs. MEPs were recorded while confederates were and were not carrying out hand and leg behaviours that also differed in spatial extent (i.e. large behaviours: face rubbing and leg crossing; small behaviours: finger tapping and foot bouncing). Importantly, the cover task instructions did not refer to the behaviours but instead required participants to focus on the confederates' photograph descriptions in order to later perform a recognition test. A general arousal effect was found, with higher MEPs during stimulus video observation than during a fixation‐cross baseline, regardless of whether or not the confederate was carrying out a behaviour at the time of the pulse. When controlling for this general arousal effect, results showed that MEPs during observation of the larger two behaviours were significantly higher than the smaller two behaviours, irrespective of effector. Thus, using a controlled yet naturalistic paradigm, this study suggests that general sensorimotor arousal during social interactions could play a role in implicit behavioural mimicry.