bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional disparities in heart transplant mortality in the USA
Authors: Zoni Cesar Rodrigo , Dean Matthew , Copeland Laurel A , Sai Sudhakar Chittoor B , Ravi Yazhini 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Mortality after heart transplantation can be influenced by multiple factors. This study analysed its variation across four regions of the USA.

Objective
Analyse the differences in mortality among patients receiving a heart transplant across four regions of the USA.

Methods and results
Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network/United Network for Organ Sharing registry was analysed for adult heart transplant recipients from 1987 to 2023. They were divided into four regions according to heart transplant recipients’ residence: the Northeast, Midwest, South, and West. The endpoint was all-cause mortality. A total of 33 482 heart transplant recipients were included in the analysis. Baseline characteristics differed by region. The median survival (years) was lower in the South [Northeast 12.9 (6.1–17.9), Midwest 13.1 (6.5–18.1), South 11.6 (5.3–16.8), and West 13.6 (7.0–18.6); P &lt; 0.0001]. Mortality incidence rate was greater in the South. When compared to the Northeast, in the unadjusted analysis, mortality was higher in the South {hazard ratio (HR) 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.19], P &lt; 0.001} and lower in the West [HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.83–0.94), P &lt; 0.001]. After adjusting for demographic and clinical variables, only the South retained significant differences [HR 1.17 (95% CI 1.10–1.24), P &lt; 0.001]. Mortality significantly increased in all regions after 2018.

Conclusion
Mortality of heart transplant recipients varies across region of residence in the USA. A significant increase in adjusted mortality was observed in the South. These findings suggest that there are regional disparities in the mortality rates of heart transplant recipients.
Stakeholder perceptions of factors contributing to effective implementation of exercise cardiac telerehabilitation in clinical practice
Authors: Rawstorn Jonathan C , Subedi Narayan , Koorts Harriet , Evans Luke , Cartledge Susie , Wallen Matthew P , Grace Fergal M , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Maddison Ralph 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac exercise telerehabilitation is effective and can be cost-effective for managing ischaemic heart disease, but implementation of evidence-based interventions in clinical practice remains a challenge. We aimed to identify factors that cardiac rehabilitation stakeholders perceived could influence the effectiveness of implementing an evidence-based, real-time remotely monitored cardiac exercise telerehabilitation intervention (REMOTE-CR).

Methods and results
Online interviews and focus groups were conducted with cardiac rehabilitation consumers (n = 16, 5 female, 61.1 ± 10.0 years), practitioners (n = 20, 14 female; 36.6 ± 11.8 years), and health service managers (n = 11, 7 female; 46.2 ± 9.2 years) recruited from one metropolitan and three inner-regional healthcare services in Western Victoria, Australia. Discussions were guided by two theoretical frameworks (Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability; Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research), and analysed thematically. Factors perceived to influence effective implementation of REMOTE-CR spanned all domains of the theoretical frameworks, related to six major themes (resources, change management, stakeholder targeting, knowledge, intervention design, security) and were largely consistent across study sites; however, the relative importance of each factor may vary between sites.

Conclusion
Effective implementation of exercise telerehabilitation interventions like REMOTE-CR will require a coordinated context-specific approach that considers factors across all levels of the healthcare system and implementation science frameworks. Key requirements include prioritizing resources, managing change, selecting target stakeholders, developing digital health capabilities, and selecting fit-for-purpose technologies that enable programme delivery objectives.
Mechanisms that potentially contribute to the development of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Authors: Munif Mohammad Raguib , Hart Robert A , Rafeek Rukshan A M , Mallawaarachchi Amali C , Anderson Lyndal , McMillan David J , Sriprakash Kadaba S , Ketheesan Natkunam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is primarily associated with preceding group A streptococcal skin or throat infections, now mainly observed in economically disadvantaged communities. This condition significantly predisposes individuals to later-life chronic kidney disease and concurrent renal complications, with the elderly experiencing increased severity and less favourable outcomes. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B and nephritis-associated plasmin receptor are identified nephritogenic antigens (nephritogens). Pathogenesis of PSGN is multifactorial. It can involve the formation of antigen-antibody immune complexes, causing inflammatory damage to renal glomeruli. Deposition of circulating immune complexes or in situ formation of immune complexes in glomeruli, or both, results in glomerulonephritis. Additionally, molecular mimicry is hypothesized as a mechanism, wherein cross-reactivity between anti-streptococcal antibodies and glomerular intrinsic matrix proteins leads to glomerulonephritis. Besides, as observed in clinical studies, streptococcal inhibitor of complement, a streptococcal-secreted protein, can also be associated with PSGN. However, the interplay between these streptococcal antigens in the pathogenesis of PSGN necessitates further investigation. Despite the clinical significance of PSGN, the lack of credible animal models poses challenges in understanding the association between streptococcal antigens and the disease process. This review outlines the postulated mechanisms implicated in the development of PSGN with possible therapeutic approaches.
Mixed-Methods Analysis of Community-Building Activities in Minnesota Hospitals
Authors: MacDougall Hannah , Libal Robert , Loomer Lacey 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Nonprofit hospitals are required to annually report spending on community-building activities (CBAs) to the Internal Revenue Service. CBAs are actions that address root causes of community health problems such as housing and food insecurity. While addressing these issues is important regardless of location, CBA spending could particularly benefit rural residents who, on average, experience worse health outcomes. However, national CBA spending has historically been extremely low, potentially due to confusion surrounding reporting. This explanatory mixed-methods study sought to illuminate nonprofit hospital spending patterns on CBAs in one state, Minnesota, to understand why spending in this important category is so low. Authors first conducted quantitative analyses of publicly available tax return data for the year 2019’ which revealed no statistically significant differences in CBA spending by rural location or hospital system affiliation. Authors then performed a case study of the top spending hospitals’ narrative statements provided in nonprofit hospital tax return documents and found significant variation in what is reported as a CBA. We suggest CBA spending be reported differently to reduce confusion and render tax documents more accurate portrayals of nonprofit hospital spending, thereby providing policymakers with needed information to ensure nonprofit hospitals are financially supporting community health.
Affine Standard Lyndon Words: A-Type
Authors: Avdieiev Yehor , Tsymbaliuk Alexander 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We generalize an algorithm of Leclerc [ 6] describing explicitly the bijection of Lalonde–Ram [ 5] from finite to affine Lie algebras. In type $A_{n}^{(1)}$, we compute all affine standard Lyndon words for any order of the simple roots and establish some properties of the induced orders on the positive affine roots.
Tracking genetic and phylogenetic diversity across Brazilian ecoregions: A molecular ecology approach using marine decapod crustaceans
Authors: Teles Jeniffer N , Mantelatto Fernando L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Genetic diversity is shaped by life history traits and environmental factors across the marine ecoregions of the world (MEOW), a condition that serves as a valuable framework to enhance our understanding of gene flow processes and identifying priority conservation centers among populations in different regions. We investigated the genetic and phylogenetic diversity of 13 decapod crustacean species distributed across the marine ecoregions of Brazil. We hypothesized that ecoregions act as barriers to gene flow, creating distinct population structures and varying genetic diversity levels. We examined how habitat type, bathymetry, geographical distribution, and larval development affect genetic diversity. Mitochondrial markers from 13 species of the four major decapod groups (Anomura, Brachyura, Caridea, and Penaeoidea) were analyzed using nucleotide diversity, haplotype networks, pairwise FST, and linear mixed-effects models (LMER). Results show no significant genetic structuring among ecoregions. Genetic diversity correlates with habitat type (P &lt; 0.05), with species from less impacted areas, especially intertidal zones like rocky shores and estuaries, displaying higher diversity. Phylogenetic diversity (PD) and species richness (SR) varied, with the highest PD in eastern Brazil and the highest SR in southeastern Brazil. Intertidal zones showed the highest genetic diversity, likely due to their complex microhabitats and environmental variability. Our findings indicate that environmental and geographical barriers defined by the ecoregions do not significantly impede genetic connectivity among decapod crustaceans, which suggests that high dispersal potential of larval stages facilitates genetic flow across ecoregions. The results underscore the need for conservation strategies that consider the high genetic connectivity and diversity of marine species across broad spatial scales.
Age Determination of Child Soldiers
Authors: Croudo Rodrigo Bastías , Molina Villalobos Marcelo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
International Criminal Court (ICC) Trial Chamber IX’s decision in the Ongwen case in 2021 and the subsequent Appeals Chamber decision in 2022 have quickly become benchmarks for a still nascent but steadily growing body of jurisprudence on the recruitment, enlistment, or use of child soldiers. This naturally raises questions and considerations about age determination in these cases. This article attempts to contribute to this scholarship by way of providing a critical analysis of the main difficulties and challenges faced by international criminal tribunals in estimating and proving age in proceedings before international criminal tribunals, including references to standards of proof and evidential value. It then studies the ICC’s considerations for determining the age element having these difficulties in mind. The article argues that the ICC’s approach to this case, while arguably innovative in certain respects, largely suffers from the same problems it has faced in previous cases on the same subject matter, namely, challenges of validity, reliability, and potential bias.
Improving the alcohol respiratory chain and energy metabolism by enhancing PQQ synthesis in Acetobacter pasteurianus
Authors: Zhang Wenqing , Feng Chen , Zhang Chunxue , Song Jia , Li Li , Xia Menglei , Ding Wei , Zheng Yu , Wang Min 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is one of the important coenzymes in living organisms. In acetic acid bacteria (AAB), it plays a crucial role in the alcohol respiratory chain, as a coenzyme of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). In this work, the PQQ biosynthetic genes were overexpressed in Acetobacter pasteurianus CGMCC 3089 to improve the fermentation performance. The result shows that the intracellular and extracellular PQQ contents in the recombinant strain A. pasteurianus (pBBR1-p264-pqq) were 152.53% and 141.08% higher than those of the control A. pasteurianus (pBBR1-p264), respectively. The catalytic activity of ADH and aldehyde dehydrogenase increased by 52.92% and 67.04%, respectively. The results indicated that the energy charge and intracellular ATP were also improved in the recombinant strain. The acetic acid fermentation was carried out using a 5 L self-aspirating fermenter, and the acetic acid production rate of the recombinant strain was 23.20% higher compared with the control. Furthermore, the relationship between the PQQ and acetic acid tolerance of cells was analyzed. The biomass of recombinant strain was 180.2%, 44.3%, and 38.6% higher than those of control under 2%, 3%, and 4% acetic acid stress, respectively. After being treated with 6% acetic acid for 40 min, the survival rate of the recombinant strain was increased by 76.20% compared with the control. Those results demonstrated that overexpression of PQQ biosynthetic genes increased the content of PQQ, therefore improving the acetic acid fermentation and the cell tolerance against acetic acid by improving the alcohol respiratory chain and energy metabolism.

One Sentence Summary
The increase in PQQ content enhances the activity of the alcohol respiratory chain of Acetobacter pasteurianus, and the increase in energy charge enhances the tolerance of cells against acetic acid, therefore, improving the efficiency of acetic acid fermentation.
The FLAMINGO project: a comparison of galaxy cluster samples selected on mass, X-ray luminosity, Compton-Y parameter, or galaxy richness
Authors: Kugel Roi , Schaye Joop , Schaller Matthieu , McCarthy Ian G , Braspenning Joey , Helly John C , Forouhar Moreno Victor J , McGibbon Robert J 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Galaxy clusters provide an avenue to expand our knowledge of cosmology and galaxy evolution. Because it is difficult to accurately measure the total mass of a large number of individual clusters, cluster samples are typically selected using an observable proxy for mass. Selection effects are therefore a key problem in understanding galaxy cluster statistics. We make use of the $(2.8~\rm {Gpc})^3$ FLAMINGO hydrodynamical simulation to investigate how selection based on X-ray luminosity, thermal Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect or galaxy richness influences the halo mass distribution. We define our selection cuts based on the median value of the observable at a fixed mass and compare the resulting samples to a mass-selected sample. We find that all samples are skewed towards lower mass haloes. For X-ray luminosity and richness cuts below a critical value, scatter dominates over the trend with mass and the median mass becomes biased increasingly low with respect to a mass-selected sample. At $z\le 0.5$, observable cuts corresponding to median halo masses between $M_\text{500c}=10^{14}$ and $10^{15}~\rm {{\rm M}_{\odot }}$ give nearly unbiased median masses for all selection methods, but X-ray selection results in biased medians for higher masses. For cuts corresponding to median masses $\lt 10^{14}$ at $z\le 0.5$ and for all masses at $z\ge 1$, only Compton-Y selection yields nearly unbiased median masses. Importantly, even when the median mass is unbiased, the scatter is not because for each selection the sample is skewed towards lower masses than a mass-selected sample. Each selection leads to a different bias in secondary quantities like cool-core fraction, temperature, and gas fraction.
Azimuthal variations of stellar populations in barred galaxies
Authors: Neumann Justus , Thomas Daniel , Maraston Claudia , Gleis Damian R , Mao Chuanming , Schinnerer Eva , Stuber Sophia K 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Bars are expected to impact the distribution of stellar populations both during bar formation, as they rearrange stars into new orbits, and afterwards, due to the redistribution of star-formation-fuelling gas and transfer of angular momentum. We study the impact of stellar bars on the azimuthal variation of stellar population age, metallicity and mass surface density in $\sim 1\, 000$ nearby barred galaxies from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. Bars have higher stellar mass density ($0.113^{+0.065}_{-0.067}$ dex) and are more metal-rich ($0.028^{+0.033}_{-0.040}$ dex) than the discs at the same radii. Stellar ages show a variety of bar to interbar contrasts with no consistent trend. The difference in metallicity increases with total stellar mass of the galaxy and distance below the star-forming main sequence. We discuss a combination of potentially responsible processes including kinematic separation, more extended star formation histories and more efficient recycling in bars and at bar-spiral arm connections. Additionally, we observe an offset ($10^{\circ }$–$40^{\circ }$) of the peak metallicity to the bar major axis in star-forming bars in low-mass galaxies, and more metal-rich regions outside the ends of the bar in long bars and quenched galaxies. Furthermore, there is a subtle trend of lower metallicities on the leading side of spiral arms compared to the trailing side. Finally, we report a spiral arm surface density feature, which could point towards a dominant bar-spiral connection and pitch angle of $\alpha \sim 25^{\circ }$. We interpret these features in the context of bar formation and the impact of large-scale gas flows associated with their presence.
xQTLatlas: a comprehensive resource for human cellular-resolution multi-omics genetic regulatory landscape
Authors: Jia Yuran , Dong Hongchao , Li Linhao , Wang Fang , Juan Liran , Wang Yadong , Guo Hongzhe , Zhao Tianyi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Understanding how genetic variants influence molecular phenotypes in different cellular contexts is crucial for elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind complex traits, which in turn has spurred significant advances in research into molecular quantitative trait locus (xQTL) at the cellular level. With the rapid proliferation of data, there is a critical need for a comprehensive and accessible platform to integrate this information. To meet this need, we developed xQTLatlas (http://www.hitxqtl.org.cn/), a database that provides a multi-omics genetic regulatory landscape at cellular resolution. xQTLatlas compiles xQTL summary statistics from 151 cell types and 339 cell states across 55 human tissues. It organizes these data into 20 xQTL types, based on four distinct discovery strategies, and spans 13 molecular phenotypes. Each entry in xQTLatlas is meticulously annotated with comprehensive metadata, including the origin of the tissue, cell type, cell state and the QTL discovery strategies utilized. Additionally, xQTLatlas features multiscale data exploration tools and a suite of interactive visualizations, facilitating in-depth analysis of cell-level xQTL. xQTLatlas provides a valuable resource for deepening our understanding of the impact of functional variants on molecular phenotypes in different cellular environments, thereby facilitating extensive research efforts.
The role of RAD51 regulators and variants in primary ovarian insufficiency, endometriosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Witham Maggie , Hengel Sarah R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The study of RAD51 regulators in female reproductive diseases has novel biomarker potential and implications for therapeutic advancement. Regulators of RAD51 play important roles in maintaining genome integrity and variations in these genes have been identified in female reproductive diseases including primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), endometriosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). RAD51 modulators change RAD51 activity in homologous recombination, replication stress, and template switching pathways. However, molecular implications of these proteins in primary ovarian insufficiency, endometriosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome have been understudied. For each reproductive disease, we provide its definition, current diagnostic and therapeutic treatment strategies, and associated genetic variations. Variants were discovered in RAD51, and regulators including DMC1, RAD51B, SWS1, SPIDR, XRCC2 and BRCA2 linked with POI. Endometriosis is associated with variants in XRCC3, BRCA1 and CSB genes. Variants in BRCA1 were associated with PCOS. Our analysis identified novel biomarkers for POI (DMC1 and RAD51B) and PCOS (BRCA1). Further biochemical and cellular analyses of RAD51 regulator functions in reproductive disorders will advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases.
An exceptional phytoplankton bloom in the southeast Madagascar Sea driven by African dust deposition
Authors: Gittings John A , Dall’Olmo Giorgio , Tang Weiyi , Llort Joan , Jebri Fatma , Livanou Eleni , Nencioli Francesco , Darmaraki Sofia , Theodorou Iason , Brewin Robert J W , Srokosz Meric , Cassar Nicolas , Raitsos Dionysios E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Rising surface temperatures are projected to cause more frequent and intense droughts in the world's drylands. This can lead to land degradation, mobilization of soil particles, and an increase in dust aerosol emissions from arid and semi-arid regions. Dust aerosols are a key source of bio-essential nutrients, can be transported in the atmosphere over large distances, and ultimately deposited onto the ocean's surface, alleviating nutrient limitation and increasing oceanic primary productivity. Currently, the linkages between desertification, dust emissions and ocean fertilization remain poorly understood. Here, we show that dust emitted from Southern Africa was transported and deposited into the nutrient-limited surface waters southeast of Madagascar, which stimulated the strongest phytoplankton bloom of the last two decades during a period of the year when blooms are not expected. The conditions required for triggering blooms of this magnitude are anomalous, but current trends in air temperatures, aridity, and dust emissions in Southern Africa suggest that such events could become more probable in the future. Together with the recent findings on ocean fertilization by drought-induced megafires in Australia, our results point toward a potential link between global warming, drought, aerosol emissions, and ocean blooms.
Does Working Full-Time Guarantee Hospital Service Workers’ Material Well-Being? A Latent Class Regression Analysis
Authors: Kim Soobin , Thyberg Christopher T , Engel Rafael J , Wexler Sandra , Woo Jihee 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Despite efforts to maintain a satisfactory quality of life, a significant proportion of American workers face substantial material hardship. However, studies of material hardship have paid scant attention to lower-wage workers; hospital service, clerical, and technical workers represent a crucial yet understudied subset of this population. Using survey data from hospital workers employed by a large hospital in Pennsylvania, this research identified prevailing patterns of material hardship among these workers and investigated contributing factors, including hourly wages, utilization of public benefits, and demographics. The findings revealed the presence of two distinct material hardship groups: the high-hardship group (those with a high risk of experiencing multiple hardships concurrently) and the low-hardship group (those with a low risk). Notably, higher wages, better health, and being White were associated with a reduced likelihood of belonging to the high-hardship group. Conversely, an increased number of children in a household and utilization of a utility bill assistance program were associated with an elevated risk of belonging to the high-hardship group. The results hold several policy implications, including the need to increase hourly wages, enlarge antipoverty policy initiatives, enhance access to preventive health services, and offer more comprehensive childcare support.