bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the CIFIST grid of CO5BOLD 3D model atmospheres to study the effects of stellar granulation on photometric colours
Authors: Kučinskas A. , Klevas J. , Ludwig H.-G. , Bonifacio P. , Steffen M. , Caffau E. 
Published: February 2018

Aims. We studied the influence of convection on the spectral energy distributions (SEDs), photometric magnitudes, and colour indices of different types of stars across the H–R diagram.
Methods. The 3D hydrodynamical CO5BOLD, averaged ⟨3D⟩, and 1D hydrostatic LHD model atmospheres were used to compute SEDs of stars on the main sequence (MS), main sequence turn-off (TO), subgiant branch (SGB), and red giant branch (RGB), in each case at two different effective temperatures and two metallicities, [M∕H] = 0.0 and − 2.0. Using the obtained SEDs, we calculated photometric magnitudes and colour indices in the broad-band Johnson-Cousins UBVRI and 2MASS JHKs, and the medium-band Strömgren uvby photometric systems.
Results. The 3D–1D differences in photometric magnitudes and colour indices are small in both photometric systems and typically do not exceed ± 0.03 mag. Only in the case of the coolest giants located on the upper RGB are the differences in the U and u bands able reach ≈−0.2 mag at [M∕H] = 0.0 and ≈−0.1 mag at [M∕H] = −2.0. Generally, the 3D–1D differences are largest in the blue-UV part of the spectrum and decrease towards longer wavelengths. They are also sensitive to the effective temperature and are significantly smaller in hotter stars. Metallicity also plays a role and leads to slightly larger 3D–1D differences at [M∕H] = 0.0. All these patterns are caused by a complex interplay between the radiation field, opacities, and horizontal temperature fluctuations that occur due to convective motions in stellar atmospheres. Although small, the 3D–1D differences in the magnitudes and colour indices are nevertheless comparable to or larger than typical photometric uncertainties and may therefore cause non-negligible systematic differences in the estimated effective temperatures.
The PCOS Patients differ in Lipid Profile According to their Phenotypes
Authors: Spałkowska Magdalena , Mrozińska Sandra , Gałuszka-Bednarczyk Anna , Gosztyła Katarzyna , Przywara Agnieszka , Guzik Justyna , Janeczko Marek , Milewicz Tomasz , Wojas-Pelc Anna 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 4–18% of women of reproductive age. The number of reports exploring the lipid profiles among PCOS patients and number of studied patients are limited. The aim of our study was to assess the lipid profile separately in lean and non-lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome divided according to hyperandrogenemia, defined as free androgen index (FAI)≥5. The second aim was to compare the lipid profiles among lean and non-lean PCOS patients with respect to hyperandrogenemia and regularity of menstruation cycles. We evaluated 232 patients from Department of Endocrinological Gynecology, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow diagnosed with PCOS. The population consisted of 166 lean and 66 non-lean women. We observed higher levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in lean patients with FAI<5 than in lean patients with FAI≥5. There were no differences in lipid profile between non-lean patients with FAI≥5 and non-lean patients with FAI<5. Among lean patients higher total cholesterol levels were observed in those with irregular menstruation cycles and FAI<5 than in patients with FAI≥5 and regular cycles. There were no differences in lipid profiles between four phenotypes among non-lean PCOS patients.
Conclusions The results of our study showed differences in lipid profile between lean PCOS patients according to their phenotype based on androgens’ level. This effect was abandoned by fat tissue mass in non-lean ones. Further studies should be conducted to explore these associations.
Multiple convex demarcation line for prediction of benign depressed gastric lesions in magnifying narrow-band imaging
Authors: Kanesaka Takashi , Uedo Noriya , Yao Kenshi , Ezoe Yasumasa , Doyama Hisashi , Oda Ichiro , Kaneko Kazuhiro , Kawahara Yoshiro , Yokoi Chizu , Sugiura Yasushi , Ishikawa Hideki , Takeuchi Yoji , Arao Masamichi , Iwatsubo Taro , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Matsuno Kenji , Muto Manabu , Saito Yutaka , Tomita Yasuhiko 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims With magnifying narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) of the gastric mucosa, a characteristic demarcation line (DL) is occasionally found in non-cancerous depressed lesions. This DL forms multiple convex shapes along the edge of the epithelia of surrounding mucosa. We have termed this novel finding a multiple convex DL (MCDL). In this study, we clarified the prevalence of an MCDL in depressed gastric lesions detected in patients at high risk for gastric cancer and determined the diagnostic yield necessary to distinguish between cancer and non-cancer.
Patients and methods This was a post hoc analysis of a multicenter prospective trial. In total, 362 small (≤ 10 mm) depressed lesions were detected in 1353 patients. Presence or absence of a DL in target lesions was evaluated on M-NBI images. The proportion of MCDLs among lesions with a DL was evaluated.
Results Images of 347 lesions (39 cancerous and 308 non-cancerous) were evaluable. A DL was present in 252/347 lesions (73 %). When the cutoff value for the proportion of MCDLs needed to distinguish non-cancer from cancer was set at two-thirds, an MCDL was observed in 86/252 lesions (34 %). In 86 lesions with an MCDL, 83 (97 %) were non-cancerous. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of an MCDL for non-cancerous lesions were 38 %, 91 %, 97 %, and 19 %, respectively.
Conclusions Presence of an MCDL had high specificity and positive predictive value for non-cancerous lesions. Evaluating the shape of the DL is useful for differentiation between cancer and non-cancerous lesions.
High complete resection rate for pre-lift and cold biopsy of diminutive colorectal polyps
Authors: O’Connor Sam , Brooklyn Trevor , Dunckley Paul , Valori Roland , Carr Ruth , Foy Chris , Somarathna Thusitha , Adamczyk Lukasz , Shepherd Neil , Anderson John 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims The majority of polyps removed at colonoscopy are diminutive (≤ 5 mm) to small (< 10 mm) and there are few guidelines for the best way for these polyps to be removed. We aimed to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of cold biopsy forceps polypectomy with pre-lift (CBPP) for polyps ≤ 7 mm. Our aims were to assess completeness of histological resection of this technique, to identify factors contributing to this and assess secondary considerations such as timing, retrieval and complication rates.
Patients and methods We conducted a prospective cohort study on consecutive patients receiving a colonoscopy at Cheltenham General Hospital, as part of the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (BCSP) in England. The study included only polyps that were judged as ≤ 7 mm by the colonoscopist. A small sub-mucosal pre-lift injection was administered prior to removal of the polyp using cold biopsy forceps. One or more biopsies were taken until the polyp was confidently assessed visually as being completely removed by the colonoscopist. The entire polypectomy site was then removed en bloc by endomucosal resection (EMR) with a margin of at least 1 to 2 mm around defect. This was sent for histopathological analysis to assess completeness of resection. Polypectomy timing, tissue retrieval, number of bites required for visual resection and complications were recorded at the time of the procedure.
Results Sixty-four patients were recruited and consented. Of them, 42 patients had a total of 60 polyps resected. Three patients had inflammatory polyps and were excluded from the study, leaving 57/60 polyps for final analysis. Seventeen were hyperplastic and 40 adenomatous polyps. Retrieval was complete for all 57 polyps and there were no complications both during or post- polypectomy. The complete resection rate (CRR) was 86 %. The technique was more effective in smaller polyps with 91.7 % of diminutive polyps (≤ 5 mm) completely excised.
Conclusions CBPP is a safe and highly effective technique for polyps < 5 mm with a high complete resection and retrieval rate. The time taken for the procedure is significantly greater than cold forceps alone, or cold snare as seen in other studies.
Kombinierte Therapie der Endometriose: Radikal und schonend zugleich
Authors: Alkatout Ibrahim , Wedel Thilo , Maass Nicolai 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungEndometriose ist die zweithäufigste benigne Erkrankung des weiblichen Genitals nach der Leiomyomatose. Schwerpunkt dieser Übersicht ist die Darstellung des gynäkologischen Dilemmas zwischen medizinisch machbarem und für die individuelle Patientin sinnvollem Management. Im Vordergrund stehen die präoperative Diagnostik sowie die Planung der Operationsradikalität in Abhängigkeit des Leidensdruckes sowie des Kinderwunsches. Besonders herausgearbeitet werden die anatomischen Schnittmengenbereiche, die bei Verletzung zu (anhaltenden) Schädigungen des vorderen, mittleren und hinteren Kompartimentes führen können und damit nicht selten Ursache für urologische und urogynäkologische Folgemaßnahmen sind.Zu den typischen Symptomen der Endometriose gehören: Dysmenorrhoe, chronische Unterbauchschmerzen, Dyspareunie, Subfertilität, unspezifische Unterbauchschmerzen, zyklische Darm- oder Blasensymptome (z. B. Dyschezie, Meteorismus, Obstipation, rektaler Blutabgang, Diarrhoen, Hämaturie), Blutungsstörungen oder chronische Müdigkeit.Etwa 50 % aller weiblichen Jugendlichen und bis zu 32 % aller Frauen im reproduktionsfähigen Alter, die aufgrund chronischer Unterbauchschmerzen oder Dysmenorrhoe operiert werden; leiden an Endometriose. Das Zeitintervall zwischen den ersten unspezifischen Symptomen und der festen Diagnose beträgt bei der Endometriose etwa 7 Jahre. Hierfür ist nicht nur die ganz unspezifische Symptomatik verantwortlich, sondern v. a. auch die häufig fehlende Sensibilisierung der kooperierenden Fachdisziplinen, an die sich die Patientinnen im Erstkontakt wenden. Die Therapieoptionen beinhalten: Abwartendes Verhalten, Analgesie, hormonelle Therapie, operative Intervention und die Kombination aus Operation und medikamentöser Therapie. Die Rezidivrate für therapierte Endometriose liegt zwischen 5 % und > 60 % und ist stark abhängig von dem ganzheitlichen Management sowie der operativen Qualität. Zur Optimierung der individuellen Endometriosetherapie ist folglich Interdisziplinarität in Diagnostik und Therapie wegweisend und sollte v. a. bei der tief infiltrierenden Endometriose entsprechenden Zentren vorbehalten bleiben.
Chirurgische Therapie des urogenitalen Deszensus
Authors: Karapanos Leonidas , Salem Johannes , Akbarov Ilgar , Heidenreich Axel , Zugor Vahudin 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungUrogenitale Prolapserkrankungen sind mit hoher Prävalenz und unterschiedlicher Morbidität belastet. Klinisch imponieren Senkungs- und Miktionsbeschwerden mit Obstruktion, Drangsymptomatik und Begleitharninkontinenz. Die Prävalenz einer Beckenbodeninsuffizienz wird auf etwa 30 – 50 % geschätzt. Aufgrund der steigenden Lebenserwartungen und den damit verbundenen erhöhten Aktivitäten der Frauen ist sogar mit einem weiteren Anstieg der Senkungsinzidenz zu rechnen. Eine nicht geringe Zahl stellen dabei Rezidive dar. Schon heute zählen Operationen zur Therapie des Deszensus zu den häufigsten durchgeführten Operationen der Gynäkologie. In den USA werden jährlich über 220.000 Senkungsoperationen durchgeführt. Das Ziel der operativen Therapie ist die Behebung der jeweiligen Beschwerdesymptomatik mit konsekutiver Verbesserung der Lebensqualität. Ziel der Arbeit ist, die operativen Ergebnisse und Techniken unterschiedlicher Deszensuserkrankungen zu evaluieren und deskriptiv zu erfassen.
Critical Analysis of an e-Learning and Interactive Teaching Module with Respect to the Interpretation of Emergency Computed Tomography of the Brain
Authors: Groth Michael , Barthe Käthe , Riemer Martin , Ernst Marielle , Herrmann Jochen , Fiehler Jens , Buhk Jan-Hendrik 
Published: February 2018

Purpose To compare the learning benefit of three different teaching strategies on the interpretation of emergency cerebral computed tomography (CT) pathologies by medical students.
Materials and Methods Three groups of students with different types of teaching (e-learning, interactive teaching, and standard curricular education in neuroradiology) were tested with respect to the detection of seven CT pathologies. The test results of each group were compared for each CT pathology using the chi-square test. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be significant.
Results Opposed to the results of the comparison group (curricular education), the e-learning group and interactive teaching tutorial group both showed a significantly better performance in detecting hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (p = 0.001 and p < 0.0001) as well as subarachnoid hemorrhage (p = 0.03 and p = 0.001) on CT. Moreover, an increase in performance for the detection of subdural hematoma and skull fracture could be observed for both the interactive teaching group and the e-learning group, with statistical significance in the latter (p = 0.03 and p < 0.0001, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found for the detection of intracranial and epidural hemorrhage, as well as midline shift, among the groups studied.
Conclusion Our study demonstrates potential learning benefits for both the interactive teaching tutorial and e-learning module group with respect to reading CT scans with slightly different advantages. Thus, the introduction of new learning methods in radiological education might be reasonable at an undergraduate stage but requires learning content-based considerations.
Key points
Citation Format
Diagnostik und Therapie vesikovaginaler und ureterovaginaler Fisteln
Authors: Lang Isabelle , Fisch Margit , Kluth Luis 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Vesiko- und ureterovaginale Fisteln sind als unphysiologische Verbindungsgänge zwischen dem Harntrakt und dem Genitalsystem definiert. Obwohl sie weltweit eine der am häufigsten erworbenen Pathologien des Urogenitaltraktes darstellen, gibt es bis heute kein standardisiertes Vorgehen für die Diagnostik und Therapie. Dieses Review analysiert die gegenwärtige Fachliteratur zu vesiko- und ureterovaginalen Fisteln, um gängige diagnostische und therapeutische Konzepte aufzuzeigen.
Methoden Es erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken von Medline und PubMed, sowie darüber hinaus eine allgemeine Internetrecherche und die Auseinandersetzung mit Buchquellen. In der Folge wurden 40 wissenschaftliche Artikel, 4 Buchpublikationen und 1 Internetquelle als Grundlage verwandt.
Ergebnisse Die Diagnostik sollte sowohl für die vesiko- als auch für die ureterovaginale Fistel frühzeitig erfolgen und aus einer vaginalen Untersuchung, einer Zystoskopie und der Fisteldarstellung mit Methylenblau-Instillation bestehen. Zusätzlich lassen sich zur weiteren Differenzialdiagnostik der ureterovaginalen Fistel radiologische Untersuchungen durchführen. Die Therapien der beiden Fistelentitäten unterscheiden sich grundlegend. Die ureterovaginale Fistel wird zweizeitig versorgt. Im ersten Schritt wird eine Nierenfistel zur Entlastung der Niere und Urindrainage angelegt und in einem weiteren Schritt die Fistel verschlossen. Die Therapie der vesikovaginalen Fistel umfasst konservative und chirurgische Konzepte, wobei es transabdominale und/oder transvaginale Zugangswege gibt. Grundlegend sollten bei transabdominalem Zugang die Ureterostien identifiziert und ggf. geschient werden, bevor eine Exzision der Fistel erfolgt. Bei großen Fisteln besteht die Option der Interposition eines Lappens nach Mobilisation des umliegenden Gewebes. Nahezu alle operativen Techniken gehen mit hohen Erfolgsraten einher. Ausnahmen sind bestrahlte Patienten, bei denen in schweren Fällen eine Harnableitung erfolgen muss.
Schlussfolgerungen Es bestehen weiterhin starke Unterschiede in der Entstehung von Fisteln und der operativen Versorgung zwischen Entwicklungs- und Industrieländern. Die entwickelten, operativen Verfahren haben unabhängig vom Zugangsweg hohe Erfolgsraten. Das Therapiekonzept sollte abhängig von der Ätiologie, Lage und Größe der Fistel und Gewebevoraussetzungen individuell entwickelt werden.
GSK-3 Inhibitors: A Double-Edged Sword? – An Update on Tideglusib
Authors: Mathuram Theodore , Reece Lisa , Cherian Kotturathu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGSK-3 inhibitors are an emerging tool for clinical interventions in human diseases and represent a niche area in combinational therapy. They possess diverse facets in applications of nervous system disorders, Type 2 diabetes, regenerative medicine and cancer. However, conflicting reports suggest the controversial role of GSK-3 inhibitors in cancers. This review aims to highlight the rise of GSK-3 inhibitors as tools for molecular-targeted research and its shift to a promising drug candidate. The review also focuses on key GSK-3 inhibitors and their roles in cancer and regenerative medicine with special emphasis to tideglusib. In addition, the decisive roles of GSK-3 in various molecular pathways will be concisely reviewed. Finally, this review concludes the emergence of GSK-3 inhibitors as a ‘double-edged sword’ in the treatment against human diseases cautioning researchers about the potential ramifications of off-target pharmacological effects.
Imaging the Unimaginable: Desorption Electrospray Ionization – Imaging Mass Spectrometry (DESI-IMS) in Natural Product Research
Authors: Parrot Delphine , Papazian Stefano , Foil Daniel , Tasdemir Deniz 
Published: February 2018

AbstractImaging mass spectrometry (IMS) has recently established itself in the field of “spatial metabolomics.” Merging the sensitivity and fast screening of high-throughput mass spectrometry with spatial and temporal chemical information, IMS visualizes the production, location, and distribution of metabolites in intact biological models. Since metabolite profiling and morphological features are combined in single images, IMS offers an unmatched chemical detail on complex biological and microbiological systems. Thus, IMS-type “spatial metabolomics” emerges as a powerful and complementary approach to genomics, transcriptomics, and classical metabolomics studies. In this review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art IMS methods with a strong focus on desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)-IMS. DESI-IMS utilizes the original principle of electrospray ionization, but in this case solvent droplets are rastered and desorbed directly on the sample surface. The rapid and minimally destructive DESI-IMS chemical screening is achieved at ambient conditions and enables the accurate view of molecules in tissues at the µm-scale resolution. DESI-IMS analysis does not require complex sample preparation and allows repeated measurements on samples from different biological sources, including microorganisms, plants, and animals. Thanks to its easy workflow and versatility, DESI-IMS has successfully been applied to many different research fields, such as clinical analysis, cancer research, environmental sciences, microbiology, chemical ecology, and drug discovery. Herein we discuss the present applications of DESI-IMS in natural product research.
Prescription of Benzodiazepines and Related Drugs in Patients with Mild Cognitive Deficits and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hessmann Philipp , Dodel Richard , Baum Erika , Müller Matthias , Paschke Greta , Kis Bernhard , Zeidler Jan , Klora Mike , Reese Jens-Peter , Balzer-Geldsetzer Monika 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Introduction Benzodiazepines and related drugs (BZDR) should be avoided in patients with cognitive impairment. We evaluated the relationship between a BZDR treatment and the health status of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Methods Cross-sectional study in 395 AD patients using bivariate and multiple logistic analyses to assess correlations between the prescription of BZDR and patients’ characteristics (cognitive and functional capacity, health-related quality of life (HrQoL), neuropsychiatric symptoms).
Results BZDR were used in 12.4% (n=49) of all participants. In bivariate analyses, the prescription was associated with a lower HrQoL, a higher need of care, and the presence of anxiety. Multivariate models revealed a higher risk of BZDR treatment in patients with depression (OR 3.85, 95% CI: 1.45 – 10.27). Community-dwelling participants and those treated by neurologists/psychiatrists had a lower risk of receiving BZDR (OR 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12 – 0.89 and OR 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07 – 0.36).
Discussion The inappropriate use of BZDR conflicts with national and international guidelines. We suggest evaluating indications and treatment duration and improving the knowledge of alternative therapies in healthcare institutions.
Aspalathin from Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis): A Bioactive C-glucosyl Dihydrochalcone with Potential to Target the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Johnson Rabia , Beer Dalene de , Dludla Phiwayinkosi , Ferreira Daneel , Muller Christo , Joubert Elizabeth 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAspalathin is a C-glucosyl dihydrochalcone that is abundantly present in Aspalathus linearis. This endemic South African plant, belonging to the Cape Floristic region, is normally used for production of rooibos, a herbal tea. Aspalathin was valued initially only as precursor in the formation of the characteristic red-brown colour of “fermented” rooibos, but the hype about the potential role of natural antioxidants to alleviate oxidative stress, shifted interest in aspalathin to its antioxidant properties and subsequently, its potential role to improve metabolic syndrome, a disease condition interrelated with oxidative stress. The potential use of aspalathin or aspalathin-rich rooibos extracts as a condition-specific nutraceutical is hampered by the limited supply of green rooibos (i.e., “unfermented” plant material) and low levels in “fermented” rooibos, providing incentive for its synthesis. In vitro and in vivo studies relating to the metabolic activity of aspalathin are discussed and cellular mechanisms by which aspalathin improves glucose and lipid metabolism are proposed. Other aspects covered in this review, which are relevant in view of the potential use of aspalathin as an adjunctive therapy, include its poor stability and bioavailability, as well as potential adverse herb-drug interactions, in particular interference with the metabolism of certain commonly prescribed chronic medications for hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia.
Insights in Fungal Bioprospecting in Mexico
Authors: Mata Rachel , Figueroa Mario , Rivero-Cruz Isabel , Macías-Rubalcava Martha L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFungi have consistently been one of the richest sources of natural products, with unprecedented chemical scaffolds and potent biological activities. During the last 20 years, pharmacognosy researchers in Mexico, in collaboration with mycologists, have discovered many novel bioactive fungi natural products and new fungal species. To date, more than 100 bioactive secondary metabolites from 20 fungi from different ecosystems throughout Mexico have been documented in peer-reviewed literature according to Scopus and SciFinder databases. These include compounds from different biosynthetic origins and structural cores with the potential for the development of anticancer, antidiabetic, and/or pesticide agents.