bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orofacial Myology: National and International Perspectives
Authors: Erskine Barbara 
Published: December 2015

This article provides information about the discipline of orofacial myology. Information about the International Association of Orofacial Myology (IAOM) in the United States will be presented. International perspectives on orofacial myology will be discussed.The field of orofacial myofunctional therapy emerged in the early twentieth century thanks in large part to the pioneering work of two orthodontists Dr. Edward Angle and Dr. Alfred Rogers. Dr. Angle observed that myofunctional disorders including poor tongue and lip incompetence, impacted dental occlusion. Rogers proposed specific therapy exercises to develop tonicity and to improve orofacial muscle function. In the decades that followed, much was written to increase our understanding of orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMDs) and the importance of correct oral resting postures. In the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, healthcare professionals worldwide including those from the fields of dentistry, dental hygiene, and speech pathology pursued training in the evaluation of and treatment of OMDs. In the 1970s a lack of research called into question the value of orofacial myofunctional therapy. However, over time, research articles proving treatment efficacy were published. In the 1990s, The American Association of Orthodontists and The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) considered this research together with presentations by orofacial myofunctional therapy advocates, subsequently writing position statements supporting evaluation and treatment.Since 1972, the IAOM has provided orofacial myofunctional therapists with continuing education opportunities and certification in the field of orofacial myology. The International Journal of Orofacial Myology presents cutting edge research. Orofacial myology continues to flourish across the globe. With different countries and different cultures come different standards and protocols and areas of importance. This article presents international perspectives on orofacial myology. Information was gleaned from surveys completed by orofacial myologists in four continents representing nine countries. Respondents share a passion for the field and a desire to help their patients. The responses illustrate various areas of success as well as challenges that lie ahead in the areas of education, certification, and research. International dialogue is needed to expand the knowledge base of orofacial myologists, to encourage research, and to propel the field of orofacial myology forward.
Palmitoylation controls DLK localization, interactions and activity to ensure effective axonal injury signaling
Authors: Holland Sabrina M. , Collura Kaitlin M. , Ketschek Andrea , Noma Kentaro , Ferguson Toby A. , Jin Yishi , Gallo Gianluca , Thomas Gareth M. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Dual leucine-zipper kinase (DLK) is essential for responses to nerve injury and subsequent neural regeneration by controlling transfer of signals from damaged distal axons to neuronal cell bodies. However, DLK is predicted to be freely diffusible, raising the question of how it conveys long-distance, directional signals. Here we report that direct modification of DLK with the lipid palmitate, a process called palmitoylation, is critical for retrograde injury signaling. At the molecular level, palmitoylation targets DLK to retrograde trafficking vesicles, assembles DLK-dependent signaling complexes, and is also essential for DLK kinase activity. This “multifunctional” palmitoylation explains how DLK mediates injury responses and may be a previously unappreciated mechanism that ensures the specificity of enzymatic signaling in diverse cell types.
Comparison of Bottomless Lift Nets and Breder Traps for Sampling Salt‐Marsh Nekton
Authors: Raposa Kenneth B. , Chintala Marnita 
Published: December 2015

AbstractVegetated salt‐marsh surfaces provide refuge, forage, and spawning habitat for estuarine nekton, yet are threatened by accelerating rates of sea‐level rise in southern New England and elsewhere. Nekton responses to ongoing marsh surface changes need to be evaluated with effective and quantitative nekton sampling gear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different gear for monitoring nekton in emergent salt‐marsh vegetation by comparing nekton parameters between Breder traps and bottomless lift nets and between Breder traps made from different materials. Breder traps collected a significantly different nekton community, fewer species, and larger‐sized Mummichogs Fundulus heteroclitus than did lift nets. Nekton community composition, richness, and the size of green crabs Carcinus maenas also differed significantly between Breder traps constructed from acrylic and wire mesh. These results show that it is not appropriate to directly compare nekton data between Breder traps and lift nets, nor between Breder traps made from different materials. Our lift‐net data correspond well to other data collected with enclosure traps in southern New England. We recommend lift nets or similar enclosure traps for sampling nekton in emergent marsh vegetation and caution against using Breder traps in monitoring and assessment programs.
Effects of Anesthesia on Pediatric pH Impedance
Authors: Hurtado Christine Waasdorp , Sheiko Melissa A. , Gralla Jane , Kinder Sarah , Kramer Robert E. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Anesthesia can alter gastric and small intestinal motility, but its effect on gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is unclear. We set out to evaluate the effect of anesthesia on pH‐multichannel intraluminal impedance (pH impedance) evaluation of GER.Methods:Retrospective single‐center analysis of 95 pH impedance probe studies performed in patients both with anesthesia exposure and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (n = 50) and without (n = 45).Results:Increased acid reflux per hour, nonacid reflux per hour, and total reflux per hour were observed in the first 4 hours, both overall and in children 1 year or older and in both sedation groups. This difference remained for the older children without sedation by multiple regression analysis for nonacid reflux per hour and total reflux per hour. Patients using proton pump inhibitors had more nonacid reflux events per hour and total reflux events per hour regardless of sedation.Conclusions:Based on the results of the present study, there is no need to eliminate the data collected immediately after placement of the probe in children younger than 1 year of age, but in those who are 1 year or older without sedation, there may be a greater number of reflux events in the first 4 hours. The first 4 hours, therefore, should be carefully evaluated in patients older than 1 year of age. Further study is needed to provide normative data for the first 4 hours versus the later time period, both for those undergoing sedation and for unsedated patients, to validate the findings from the present study and to better understand the mechanism of GER.
Failure to Thrive
Authors: Larson‐Nath Catherine M. , Goday Praveen S. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic work‐up, interventions, and outcomes of children referred to a pediatric gastroenterology clinic with the diagnosis of failure to thrive (FTT).Methods:We prospectively enrolled 110 children seen for the first time in our pediatric gastroenterology clinic for FTT. Standard demographic information, history, and anthropometric data were collected at initial and follow‐up visits. We also obtained data about diagnostic workup, therapeutic interventions, and growth outcomes.Results:Seventy patients (63.6%) were boys with a median age of 0.79 years (interquartile range 0.36–1.98). Of the 91 children with follow‐up data, 81 (89%) were found to have nonorganic etiologies of their FTT. The majority of children (56.4%) underwent laboratory evaluation. Imaging and endoscopic evaluations were performed in fewer patients (29.6 and 10.2%, respectively). Endoscopic intervention yielded a diagnosis in 16.7% of patients while the positive result rates for laboratory testing and imaging were 3.2% and 3.1%, respectively. The most common therapeutic interventions included increasing calories (71.8%), avoiding grazing (71.8%), and structuring meals and snacks (67.3%). Compared with nonadherent children, children who were adherent with standard behavioral and nutritional interventions showed a higher positive change in z scores for weight (0.36 vs −0.01, P = 0.001) and body mass index (0.58 vs −0.18, P = 0.031).Conclusions:The majority of children in a pediatric gastroenterology clinic with FTT have nonorganic etiologies of their failure to thrive. Laboratory, imaging, and endoscopic evaluation are rarely positive and should be judiciously performed. Adherence to standardized interventions leads to improved growth.
Controversies and Variation in Diagnosing and Treating Children With Wilson Disease
Authors: Sturm Ekkehard , Piersma Femke E. , Tanner Malcolm S. , Socha Piotr , Roberts Eve A. , Shneider Benjamin L. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Variation in care is more common in settings in which evidence‐based approaches are limited. The aims of the present study were to describe consensus and variability in approaches taken by pediatric hepatologists in the management of Wilson disease (WD) in children.Method:International case‐centered, Internet‐based survey of pediatric hepatologists. Survey cases were developed by consensus of the authors and were intended to identify variation in the care of children with WD.Results:One hundred eleven of 253 clinicians responded (44%). Of these, 84% of North American and 41% of European participants used guidelines published in their respective region. Although consensus existed on the first‐line diagnostic tools (serum ceruloplasmin and baseline 24‐hour urinary copper excretion), survey participants did not agree on how much liver copper content was required for diagnosis: 57% considered >250 μg/g dry weight to be consistent with WD, whereas 25% considered >50 μg/g to be diagnostic. Overall, 50% of practitioners perform genetic testing in all suspected cases, and 81% perform genetic testing once they know the genotype of an index patient. For initial treatment of fulminant WD, 51% of participants chose chelation and 15% chose immediate transplantation; 47% chose listing for transplantation followed by monitoring using a disease‐severity score, and then carrying out transplantation only when the score reached a critical cut‐off. To treat mildly affected siblings of index patients, 43% of practitioners chose zinc. Most reported that they use chelation to treat patients with hepatic dysfunction; however, 29% of North American participants chose not to use D‐penicillamine as primary therapy.Conclusions:From an international perspective, pediatric hepatologists vary in the approaches they use in the care for children with WD. Regional preferences and accessibility to treatments may generate variation. Unwarranted variation, however, may also contribute to differences in outcome and should be targeted to improve quality of care.
MyGene.info and MyVariant.info: Gene and Variant Annotation Query Services
Authors: Xin Jiwen , Mark Adam , Afrasiabi Cyrus , Tsueng Ginger , Juchler Moritz , Gopal Nikhil , Stupp Gregory S. , Putman Timothy E. , Ainscough Benjamin J. , Griffith Obi L. , Torkamani Ali , Whetzel Patricia L. , Mungall Christopher J. , Mooney Sean D. , Su Andrew I. , Wu Chunlei 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTMyGene.info and MyVariant.info provide high-performance data APIs for querying gene and variant annotation information. They demonstrate a new model for organizing biological annotation information by utilizing a cloud-based scalable infrastructure. MyGene.info and MyVariant.info can be accessed athttp://mygene.infoandhttp://myvariant.info.
Simulating multi-substrate diffusive transport in 3-D tissues with BioFVM
Authors: Friedman Samuel H. , Ghaffarizadeh Ahmadreza , Macklin Paul 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTo simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of chemical compounds, we present BioFVM, an open-source reaction-diffusion equation solver using finite volume methods with motivation for biological applications. With various numerical solvers, we can simulate the interaction of dozens of compounds, including growth substrates, drugs, and signaling compounds in 3-D tissues, with cells by treating them as various source/sink terms. BioFVM has linear computational cost scalings and demonstrates first-order accuracy in time and second-order accuracy in space. Beyond simulating the transport of drugs and growth substrates in tissues, the ability to simulate dozens of compounds should make 3-D simulations of multicellular secretomics feasible.
Agent-based simulation of large tumors in 3-D microenvironments
Authors: Ghaffarizadeh Ahmadreza , Friedman Samuel H. , Macklin Paul 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMulticellular simulations of tumor growth in complex 3-D tissues, where data come from high contentin vitroand bioengineered experiments, have gained significant attention by the cancer modeling community in recent years. Agent-based models are often selected for these problems because they can directly model and track cells’ states and their interactions with the microenvironment. We describe PhysiCell, a specific agent-based model that includes cell motion, cell cycling, and cell volume changes. The model has been performance tested on systems of 105cells on desktop computers, and is expected to scale to 106or more cells on single super-computer compute nodes. We plan an open source release of the software in early 2016 atPhysiCell.MathCancer.org
The RING Finger Ubiquitin E3 Ligase OsHTAS Enhances Heat Tolerance by Promoting H2O2-Induced Stomatal Closure in Rice
Authors: Liu Jianping , Zhang Cuicui , Wei Chuchu , Liu Xin , Wang Mugui , Yu Feifei , Xie Qi , Tu Jumin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Heat stress often results in the generation of reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide, which plays a vital role as a secondary messenger in the process of abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated stomatal closure. Here, we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) HEAT TOLERANCE AT SEEDLING STAGE (OsHTAS) gene, which plays a positive role in heat tolerance at the seedling stage. OsHTAS encodes a ubiquitin ligase localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. OsHTAS expression was detected in all tissues surveyed and peaked in leaf blade, in which the expression was concentrated in mesophyll cells. OsHTAS was responsive to multiple stresses and was strongly induced by exogenous ABA. In yeast two-hybrid assays, OsHTAS interacted with components of the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system and an isoform of rice ascorbate peroxidase. OsHTAS modulated hydrogen peroxide accumulation in shoots, altered the stomatal aperture status of rice leaves, and promoted ABA biosynthesis. The results suggested that the RING finger ubiquitin E3 ligase OsHTAS functions in leaf blade to enhance heat tolerance through modulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced stomatal closure and is involved in both ABA-dependent and DROUGHT AND SALT TOLERANCE-mediated pathways.
Impact of ISO 9001 certification on firms financial operating performance
Authors: Aba Eli Kofi , Badar M. Affan , Hayden Michael Allen 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of ISO 9001 certification on US firms’ financial operating performance for a period of five years including one-year prior to certification, year of certification, and three fiscal years after certification.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is based on an examination of a sample of 397 firms that had received ISO 9001 certification from 1991 to 2002. Certified-firm, non-certified-firm, and matched-control-firm operating performances were examined over the same period based on the ratio of pre-tax operating income to total assets (EBITA/TA). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test for significant differences in operating performance among the certified, non-certified, and matched-control firms.

Findings
– The paper concludes that there was significant improvement performance from prior year to year of certification. The certified firms performed better than the non-certified firms. The certified firms also performed better than the matched-control firms.

Research limitations/implications
– Based on the research approach and the findings, the paper recommends the use of newer ISO data; any additional certifications; and further research into the lack of significant operating values by the certified firms in the post-certification years.

Practical implications
– The paper shows that ISO 9001 certification is statistically related to operating performance. Certified firms have better operating performance. The positive significance in decile operating performance from prior year to certification year is an important finding for the implementation of ISO 9001.

Originality/value
– The paper satisfies the need to study when ISO 9001 certification impacts firms’ financial operating performance.
Modelling age based replacement decisions considering shocks and failure rate
Authors: Alem Tabriz Akbar , Khorshidvand Behrooz , Ayough Ashkan 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present age-based replacement models subject to shocks and failure rate in order to determine the optimal replacement cycle. As a result, according to system reliability, maintenance costs of the system are to be minimized.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, the modeling with respect to assumptions and two major factors (shocks and failure rate) is done. Second, by using of MATLAB the optimal parameters are obtained. Finally, analysis of results and comparison of models are done.

Findings
– Analysis of results shows all models provide optimal replacement cycle and at this time, cost rate of the system by considering the reliability rate is minimal. Also with an increase of one unit to two units, reliability rate increases much higher than the rate of cost.

Originality/value
– This work provides models that in addition to considering the failure rate (internal factors), also shocks as an external factor have been considered. By considering these two factors more comprehensive and adaptable models have been proposed.
Measures of tolerance and economic prosperity
Authors: Gani Azmat 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how a wide range of measures of tolerance, considered from social and institutional perspective relate to growth in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries.

Design/methodology/approach
– The empirical framework is based on a growth regression equation with a specification that is common in the growth literature. The estimation includes the generalized least squares, fixed and random effects methods. The empirical analysis is based on cross-country data from a sample of countries from the OECD.

Findings
– The findings on social measures of tolerance provide strong support that OECD countries are tolerant toward migrants and women’s participation in economic activities and national policy making. The findings also provide evidence that political rights, civil liberties and rule of law as indicators of institutional tolerance, are strongly associated with growth.

Practical implications
– The findings presented here from OECD countries lead to the conclusion that tolerance matters for the prosperity of nations. The findings of this study have policy implications beyond the OECD countries and particularly relevant to the developing economies.

Originality/value
– This paper makes a new empirical contribution to the tolerance literature.
Multidimensional poverty in urban Brazil: income, assets and expenses
Authors: Golgher Andre 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present deprivation in urban Brazil in a multidimensional perspective with dimensions related to household’s objective information, assets in the household, subjective evaluation concerning the dwelling and expenses.Design/methodology/approach– The author used factorial analysis applied to the Brazilian Household Budget Survey. Most dimensions showed a positive correlation with income, while for others it was not observed any significant difference between income ranges. Some types of deprivation specially touched low-income households, while other dimensions differentiated middle-income households, or even higher income households. The author applied a fuzzy perspective to define deprivation membership in each dimension with the use of a modified logistic function. The author observed that households with similar income faced different levels of deprivation in many dimensions.Findings– The author showed that there were significant differences in household’s expense preferences and profiles linked to these findings. Households with high levels of food deprivation relatively spend more on household’s rent, taxes and services, indicating that shelter and then food in the household are the very basic goods. Larger relative expenses with food in the household indicated higher levels of deprivation in all other dimensions, indicating that due to these higher food expenditures, the households could not overcome the deprivation in other dimensions. Households that spend more on smoke and gambling faced higher deprivation in most dimensions, suggesting different expenses priorities, less household oriented.Originality/value– To the best of the knowledge, this is the first attempt to link multidimensional deprivation and expenses profile for Brazilian data.
Religion, human capital and growth
Authors: Autiero Giuseppina , Vinci Concetto Paolo Paulo 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine how rulers by supporting religion influence the growth of human capital and physical capital.Design/methodology/approach– The authors consider a model where the government, on the one hand, sets the output quota transferred to religious activities and workers and entrepreneurs, on the other, choose human and physical capital, which are complementary. The findings of the model are used to interpret some historical evidence.Findings– When a religious denomination puts a strong emphasis on children’s education, the rulers who back religion, may encourage the diffusion of education among the followers of that denomination. Conversely secular rulers may face a religion that they consider a force opposing modernization and may develop a secular system promoting the diffusion of education. In both cases, the diffusion of education triggers the increase in physical capital and economic growth.Originality/value– The contribution of the paper is to show how religion may be either a progressive force and promote education by contributing to economic growth or present a conservative dimension opposing the diffusion and rise of human capital.