bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in upper and lower body muscle involvement at increasing double poling velocities: an ecological study
Authors: Zoppirolli C. , Pellegrini B. , Modena R. , Savoldelli A. , Bortolan L. , Schena F. 
Published: October 2016

This study evaluated muscle activity changes in different body compartments during on‐snow double poling at increasing velocities. 21 well‐trained, male cross‐country skiers performed five 3‐min double poling trials on a snowy track at 15, 16.5, 18, 19.5, and 21 km/h (set by an audio‐pace system). A sixth trial was performed by maintaining a constant maximal speed. Actual skiing velocities were verified using a photocell system. Only 11 subjects met the pre‐defined inclusion criteria during the trials and were included in the data analysis. Electromyographical signals from seven muscles, wrist acceleration and heart rate during the last minute of each trial were recorded. Cycle and poling times were measured from acceleration signals; mean muscular activation over a cycle was calculated for each muscle. With increasing double poling velocities from aerobic to maximal intensity (from 65% to 100% of maximal heart rate), upper limb muscles activation was maintained constant (P > 0.05), while trunk and lower limb involvement increased significantly (P < 0.01) with a linear trend. Rectus abdominis and rectus femoris muscles showed the higher rate of change. Trunk and lower limbs provide a progressively greater contribution to the propulsion when increasing double poling velocities are performed, to support the limited capacity of exercise response of upper body muscles. The remarkable rate of involvement of the muscles near the core region of the body becomes strategic to cope with the increased demands of propulsive power.
Agro‐Digital Governance and Life Itself: Food Politics at the Intersection of Code and Affect
Authors: Carolan Michael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article seeks to answer the following questions. How are digital platforms encountered and felt by producers and consumers and how do these assemblages shape the foodscapes we imagine and enact? How do elements like digital locks, proprietary code, and ‘open’ code inform how we think about the subject of agrofood governance? Finally, what are the lives being made to live, and left to let die, as a result of digital platforms, from those employing digital locks and proprietary software to those built on open source code? To do this, the paper draws upon two case studies. The first examines London‐area producers and consumers linked to the web‐based distribution platform FarmDrop. This is followed by a case study involving US producers loosely linked to the group Farm Hack; a group that promotes technology that is collectively built and freely shared, and which desires to ‘hack’ that which is not. To conclude, the article turns briefly to Berry's (2001) thoughts on interactivity. While insightful, as the concept helps us think about the less‐than‐overt ways in which code‐based assemblages enable and disable, the aforementioned case studies allow for some refinements to what it means to do and be interactive.
Ethics and Undergraduate Research in the Study of Religion: Place‐Based Pedagogy and Reciprocal Research Relations
Authors: Prideaux Mel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the undergraduate religious studies classroom at the University of Leeds students are introduced to the complexity of religion in locality. One of the most engaging ways to do this is through a place‐based pedagogy utilizing independent fieldwork as part of the learning process. However, undergraduates, like seasoned researchers, must learn to balance and understand the way insider representations influence academic interpretations, and the way their academic interpretations and representations can lead to change in the community being studied. Place‐based pedagogy has, therefore, an important ethical dimension that is not accounted for in the existing literature. Engaging with reciprocal research relations as a way to navigate this terrain introduces students to the human impacts of their research and develops their self‐awareness as researchers and religion specialists. This paper will draw on the Leeds experience to build an understanding of the interaction between place‐based pedagogy and reciprocal research relations which informs both teaching and research in the study of religion, and extends the existing discourse on the ethical dimensions of undergraduate research.
Through Literacy to Fluency: Reading in the Religious Studies Classroom
Authors: Medine Carolyn M. Jones 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper addresses a perennial question of the religious studies and, indeed, of most liberal arts classrooms: How do I get my students to read texts thoroughly and with understanding? After briefly reviewing the National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) data, I argue that what teachers desire is not just basic literacy, but fluency, which is the capacity to read analytically (and, for me, appreciatively), deploying the strategies of reading in a high process, improvisational mode. I unpack the elements and efficacy of one close reading classroom teaching practice I use, guided annotation, as a strategy for developing fluency. I argue that close analysis of a short, intentionally chosen passage with a guiding question builds towards reading fluency. Annotating short passages, singly and then in relation to other passages, with the author's and disciplinary concerns as the foci, practices the skills that build fluency. Annotation is akin to playing scales in music, repeating a baseline task of reading; working slowly and simply at first, but then with increasing speed and complexity, moving the student towards reading whole texts well.
Improving the screening of blood donors with syphilis rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC)
Authors: Sarkodie F. , Hassall O. , Owusu‐Dabo E. , Owusu‐Ofori S. , Bates I. , Bygbjerg I. C. , Owusu‐Ofori A. , Harritshøj L. H. , Ullum H. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYBackgroundSyphilis testing conventionally relies on a combination of non‐treponemal and treponemal tests. The primary objective of this study was to describe the positive predictive value (PPV) of a screening algorithm in a combination of a treponemal rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Ghana.Materials and MethodsFrom February 2014 to January 2015, 5 mL of venous blood samples were taken from 16 016 blood donors and tested with a treponemal RDT; 5 mL of venous blood was taken from 526 consenting initial syphilis sero‐reactive blood donors. These RDT reactive samples were confirmed with an algorithm, applying the Vitros®/Abbott‐Architect® algorithm as gold standard.ResultsA total of 478 of 526 RDT reactive donors were confirmed positive for syphilis, making a PPV of 90·9%. Of the 172 (32·7%) donors who were also RPR positive, 167 were confirmed, resulting in a PPV of 97·1%. The PPV of the combined RDT and RPR (suspected active syphilis) testing algorithm was highest among donors at an enhanced risk of syphilis, family/replacement donors (99·9%), and among voluntary donors above 25 years (98·6%).DiscussionScreening of blood donors by combining syphilis RDT and RPR with relatively good PPV may provide a reasonable technology for LMIC that has a limited capacity for testing and can contribute to the improvement of blood safety with a minimal loss of donors.
Combined cell index in assessing blood donor iron stores
Authors: Vuk T. , Bingulac‐Popović J. , Očić T. , Mayer L. J. , Milošević M. , Jukić I. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the appropriateness of using combined cell index (CCI) in the assessment of iron stores in blood donors. This index is calculated by the formula: red blood cell distribution width (RDW) × 104 × mean corpuscular volume (MCV)−1 × mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH)−1.BackgroundFerritin measurement is a reliable method for estimating iron stores in blood donors. The sensitivity of red blood cell (RBC) parameters of complete blood count in detecting non‐anaemic iron deficiency is significantly lower. Consequently, there were several attempts to increase the detection sensitivity by combining these parameters in different indices.MethodsThis study included 1084 male and 792 female whole blood donors accepted for blood donation. For six RBC parameters with the highest level of correlation relative to ferritin [Hgb, MCV, MCH, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), RDW and CCI], diagnostic efficacy in the detection of iron depletion (ferritin <12 µg L−1) was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsCCI showed the highest degree of correlation with ferritin (r = −0·373 for men and r = −0·590 for women) and the highest area under the curve (0·961 for men and 0·864 for women). Using the cut‐off value of 52·6 for men and 50·6 for women, the corresponding Youden index was the highest for CCI in both genders (0·851 for men and 0·612 for women). The sensitivity and specificity of CCI in the population of male donors were higher in comparison to female donors (0·941 and 0·910 vs 0·851 and 0·761, respectively).ConclusionsStudy results confirmed the satisfactory diagnostic value of CCI in detecting depleted iron stores in blood donors.
Reversal of warfarin anticoagulation using prothrombin complex concentrate at 25 IU kg−1: results of the RAPID study
Authors: Appleby N. , Groarke E. , Crowley M. , Wahab F. A. , McCann A. M. , Egan L. , Gough D. , McMahon G. , O'Donghaile D. , O'Keeffe D. , O'Connell N. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYBackgroundReal‐world studies of the emergency reversal of warfarin using 4‐factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) report unwarranted delays. The delay to receiving PCC was ≥ 8 h in 46·7% of patients with warfarin‐associated bleeding (PWAB) treated with a variable PCC dosing protocol in our retrospective audit.ObjectiveTo report the impact of a simplified PCC dosing protocol on the interval to reversal of anticoagulation.MethodsWe developed a PCC dosing protocol standardising the initial PCC dose and simplifying dosing calculations. Study end points were the proportion of PWAB achieving international normalised ratio (INR) ≤1·5 and treated within 8 h of presentation, respectively.ResultsOf 17, 15 (88·2%) PWABs achieved a post‐treatment INR ≤ 1·5; 14 of 17 (82·4%) PWABs were reversed within 8 h. Median intervals between triage and PCC request and PCC request and start of infusion (administration interval) were 126 min (range 39–520) and 30 min (range 5–100), respectively. Compared with the retrospective cohort, RAPID is associated with an improved administration interval (mean 37·7 vs 76 min, P = 0·031) and the proportion of PWABs treated within 30 min (58·8 vs 6·7%, P = 0·009).ConclusionThe RAPID protocol reduces unwarranted delays without compromising efficacy.
Dysfunction of Arabidopsis MACPF domain protein activates programmed cell death via tryptophan metabolism in MAMP‐triggered immunity
Authors: Fukunaga Satoshi , Sogame Miho , Hata Masaki , Singkaravanit‐Ogawa Suthitar , Piślewska‐Bednarek Mariola , Onozawa‐Komori Mariko , Nishiuchi Takumi , Hiruma Kei , Saitoh Hiromasa , Terauchi Ryohei , Kitakura Saeko , Inoue Yoshihiro , Bednarek Paweł , Schulze‐Lefert Paul , Takano Yoshitaka 
Published: October 2016

SummaryPlant immune responses triggered upon recognition of microbe‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) typically restrict pathogen growth without a host cell death response. We isolated two Arabidopsis mutants, derived from accession Col‐0, that activated cell death upon inoculation with nonadapted fungal pathogens. Notably, the mutants triggered cell death also when treated with bacterial MAMPs such as flg22. Positional cloning identified NSL1 (Necrotic Spotted Lesion 1) as a responsible gene for the phenotype of the two mutants, whereas nsl1 mutations of the accession No‐0 resulted in necrotic lesion formation without pathogen inoculation. NSL1 encodes a protein of unknown function containing a putative membrane‐attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain. The application of flg22 increased salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in the nsl1 plants derived from Col‐0, while depletion of isochorismate synthase 1 repressed flg22‐inducible lesion formation, indicating that elevated SA is needed for the cell death response. nsl1 plants of Col‐0 responded to flg22 treatment with an RBOHD‐dependent oxidative burst, but this response was dispensable for the nsl1‐dependent cell death. Surprisingly, loss‐of‐function mutations in PEN2, involved in the metabolism of tryptophan (Trp)‐derived indole glucosinolates, suppressed the flg22‐induced and nsl1‐dependent cell death. Moreover, the increased accumulation of SA in the nsl1 plants was abrogated by blocking Trp‐derived secondary metabolite biosynthesis, whereas the nsl1‐dependent hyperaccumulation of PEN2‐dependent compounds was unaffected when the SA biosynthesis pathway was blocked. Collectively, these findings suggest that MAMP‐triggered immunity activates a genetically programmed cell death in the absence of the functional MACPF domain protein NSL1 via Trp‐derived secondary metabolite‐mediated activation of the SA pathway.
Changes in specific protein degradation rates in Arabidopsis thaliana reveal multiple roles of Lon1 in mitochondrial protein homeostasis
Authors: Li Lei , Nelson Clark , Fenske Ricarda , Trösch Josua , Pružinská Adriana , Millar A. Harvey , Huang Shaobai 
Published: October 2016

SummaryMitochondrial Lon1 loss impairs oxidative phosphorylation complexes and TCA enzymes and causes accumulation of specific mitochondrial proteins. Analysis of over 400 mitochondrial protein degradation rates using 15N labelling showed that 205 were significantly different between wild type (WT) and lon1‐1. Those proteins included ribosomal proteins, electron transport chain subunits and TCA enzymes. For respiratory complexes I and V, decreased protein abundance correlated with higher degradation rate of subunits in total mitochondrial extracts. After blue native separation, however, the assembled complexes had slow degradation, while smaller subcomplexes displayed rapid degradation in lon1‐1. In insoluble fractions, a number of TCA enzymes were more abundant but the proteins degraded slowly in lon1‐1. In soluble protein fractions, TCA enzymes were less abundant but degraded more rapidly. These observations are consistent with the reported roles of Lon1 as a chaperone aiding the proper folding of newly synthesized/imported proteins to stabilise them and as a protease to degrade mitochondrial protein aggregates. HSP70, prohibitin and enzymes of photorespiration accumulated in lon1‐1 and degraded slowly in all fractions, indicating an important role of Lon1 in their clearance from the proteome.
Retrospective evaluation of blood copper stable isotopes ratio 65Cu/63Cu as a biomarker of cancer in dogs
Authors: Chamel G. , Gourlan A. T. , Télouk P. , Sayag D. , Milliard V. , Loiseau C. , Simon M. , Buff S. , Ponce F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPrevious studies in humans with breast, colorectal or liver cancer showed that neoplasia was associated with a modification of the blood ratio between 65Cu and 63Cu (∂Cu). The aim of the present study was to compare the blood ∂Cu of dogs with cancer to healthy controls or dogs with non‐oncologic disease. One hundred and seventeen dogs were included in the study (35 dogs with cancer, 33 dogs with non‐neoplastic disease, and 49 healthy controls). The ∂Cu of dogs with cancer was significantly lower than the ratio of healthy controls (P < 0.0001) but not significantly different from dogs with non‐oncologic disease. Six dogs with lymphoma were also evaluated after they achieved clinical remission and five out of six had an increase of ∂Cu. Further studies are warranted but these results suggest that ∂Cu could help in the diagnosis of cancer in a controlled clinical context, and may be a potential biomarker for the follow‐up of cancer.
Thromboelastographic monitoring of the effect of unfractionated heparin in healthy dogs
Authors: McLaughlin Christopher M. , Marks Steven L. , Dorman David C. , Motsinger‐Reif Alison , Hanel Rita M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the correlation between thromboelastography (TEG) variables using strong activators and anti‐Xa (AXa) activity in healthy dogs administered subcutaneous unfractionated heparin (UFH).DesignProspective experimental study.SettingUniversity research facility.AnimalsEight adult random‐source male dogs.InterventionDogs were randomized to receive subcutaneous UFH at 200, 250, or 300 IU/kg every 8 hours for a total of 10 injections. Blood samples were collected at time 0 (preheparin) and 3, 6, and 8 hours after the 1st (Day 1) and 10th (Day 4) UFH injection. After the 8‐hour blood sample was obtained on day 4, a 100 IU/kg IV bolus of UFH was administered and an additional blood sample was collected 1 hour later (hour 9). AXa activity, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and TEG (with up to 5 activators) were performed at each time point. Modes of activation for TEG included recalcified (Ca), Ca with heparinase (CaH), CaH and tissue factor 1:3600 (CTF3600H), Ca with tissue factor 1:100 (CTF100), and RapidTEG. Spearman rank correlations were calculated for each of the aforementioned parameters and the AXa activity. P‐values were corrected for multiple comparisons with a Bonferroni correction.Measurements and Main ResultsSignificant correlations were found between AXa activity and the TEG R values generated with CTF100 (R = 0.83, P ≤ 0.0001) and RapidTEG (R = 0.90, P < 0.0001), as well as both forms of aPTT measurement (R = 0.86 and 0.84, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that TEG variables derived using robust activation correlate with AXa activity as well as aPTT and have the potential to be used for monitoring UFH therapy in healthy dogs. Future studies are warranted to evaluate its diagnostic utility in critically ill animals.
Evaluation of an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor anticoagulant in healthy adult horses
Authors: Rodríguez‐Pozo Maria L. , Armengou Lara , Monreal Luis , Viu Judit , Cesarini Carla , Jose‐Cunilleras Eduard 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor (DiXaI) anticoagulant drug used at the low end of the recommended dose in people achieves presumed prophylactic plasma concentrations and does not induce bleeding in horses.DesignExperimental study.SettingField study.AnimalsTen healthy adult horses.InterventionsA DiXaI was administered at a dose of 0.125 mg/kg every 24 h orally for 4 days. Following a wash‐out period of 2 weeks, 8 of 10 horses received daily subcutaneous doses of a low molecular weight heparin (dalteparin) for 4 consecutive days at 50 IU/kg. In both trials, antifactor Xa activity was measured at baseline time and 3 hours after each dose administration. Activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, hematocrit, erythrocyte agglutination, and platelet aggregation were monitored throughout the study. In addition, an in vitro spiking experiment was performed to demonstrate anticoagulant activity of this DiXaI in horse plasma.Main ResultsWhen treated with the DiXaI, this group of horses did not achieve the suggested thromboprophylactic plasma range of antifactor Xa activity (0.1–0.2 IU/mL), except for 1 horse after the first administration of the drug. In contrast, median values of plasma antifactor Xa activity 3 hours after receiving dalteparin were within the prophylactic range (0.16 IU/mL). No hemorrhagic events or erythrocyte agglutination were observed. In vitro addition of this DiXaI caused a concentration‐dependent effect in antifactor Xa activity.ConclusionsAt the low end of the recommended dose in people this oral formulation of DiXaI did not reach prophylactic plasma antifactor Xa activity in this group of healthy adult horses. Further studies are warranted in order to establish the prophylactic dose for horses.
Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome resulting in distal aortic thromboembolism in a dog
Authors: Madden Valerie R. , Schoeffler Gretchen L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe clinically significant thromboembolism as the result of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) in a dog.Case SummaryA 3‐year‐old neutered female Boxer was evaluated for 2‐week history of progressive respiratory difficulty and hemoptysis. A brief thoracic ultrasound performed shortly after presentation identified a presumed thrombus within the left atrium. Initial blood work revealed a marked eosinophilia 6.8 × 109/L (6.8 × 103/μL; reference interval, 0.1–2.1 × 109/L [0.1–2.1 × 103/μL]) and evidence of organ dysfunction. Within 24 hours of admission the patient developed acute paraparesis with absent femoral pulses and was euthanized. Necropsy findings included marked infiltration of multiple organs with large numbers of histologically normal eosinophils and numerous thrombi including a large aortic thrombus. This combination of findings resulted in a final diagnosis of HES with associated thromboembolism.New or Unique Information ProvidedThromboembolism occurs relatively commonly in people with HES. While there are a few case reports of HES in the veterinary literature, this is the first to describe thromboembolism as a manifestation of this disease in a canine patient.
Laparoscopic Gastropexy Using Knotless Unidirectional Suture and an Articulated Endoscopic Suturing Device: Seven Cases
Authors: Coleman Kristin A. , Adams Sean , Smeak Daniel D. , Monnet Eric 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo describe a technique for laparoscopic incisional gastropexy using an articulated endoscopic suturing device with knotless unidirectional barbed suture in healthy large breed dogs.Study DesignProspective case series.AnimalsHealthy client‐owned dogs presented for prophylactic gastropexy and weighing >20 kg (n=7).MethodsIncisional gastropexy was performed using a single port access system with an articulated endoscopic suturing device. An additional 5 mm cannula was placed in the right caudal abdomen. A 2‐0 knotless unidirectional barbed suture was used to complete the gastropexy with 2 separate simple continuous suture lines. All dogs underwent a focal abdominal ultrasound to evaluate the gastropexy site 3–12 months postoperatively.ResultsMedian weight of the dogs was 33.5 kg (range, 20–51 kg) and the median age was 2 years (range, 0.6–8.5 years). Median surgical time was 60 minutes (range, 39–88). The articulated suturing device malfunctioned twice. On abdominal ultrasound between 3 and 12 months, all gastropexy sites were intact. No motion was detected between the stomach and body wall during distal antral contractions or respiratory motion and a focal thickening of the gastric wall was present in dog. No complications were reported in the postoperative periods as of the 2 week suture removal visit or as of the time of their ultrasound appointment.ConclusionThis technique using an endoscopic articulated suturing device with a knotless unidirectional barbed suture provides a feasible technique to perform laparoscopic gastropexy.