bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary fibre supplementation promotes symbiotic interactions among the intestinal microbiota in preweaning calves
Authors: Lu Wentao , Yi Xia , Ge YuHan , Zhang Xinyue , Shen Kaidi , Zhuang Haohua , Deng Zhaoju , Liu Dengke , Cao Jie , Ma Chong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Dietary fiber plays a significant role in gastrointestinal health. In order to thoroughly comprehend the protective effect of dietary fiber on calf intestinal health, we conducted a randomized controlled trial with135 calves. We profiled the gut bacterial community in fecal samples from calves without diarrhea at five time points (0, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days of age) using both 16s amplicon sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. Our findings revealed significantly elevated abundance of Bifidobacterium and Prevotella in the intestine of calves fed with dietary fiber compared to the control group. Bifidobacterium and Prevotella may mitigate intestinal damage and protect intestinal health by modulating secondary bile acid metabolism and flavonoid metabolism pathways. Furthermore, CAZy differential analysis reveals that feeding different dietary fibers can induce increased abundance of CAZymes. We also found that changes in CAZymes abundance induced by feeding different dietary fibers are associated with distinct intestinal microbial communities. This suggests that feeding different dietary fibers stimulates the colonization of different bacterial species in the intestine, thereby increasing the activity of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes in the calf intestinal microbiota. This lays the foundation for health management in calves during transition period. Additionally, our research revealed that calves fed with psyllium husk powder at 56 days of age harbored intergeneric symbiotic clusters in their intestines consisting of Clostridium, Prevotella, Bacteriodes, and others. The symbiosis among these microbial species may collectively maintain intestinal micro-environment in calves. This study provides initial insights into the effect of dietary fiber on pre-weaning calf intestinal microbiota and lays theoretical groundwork for further research into this area.
Using Machine Learning Techniques to predict malaria prevalence in Rwanda
Authors: Mukeshimana Esperance , Nzabanita Joseph 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Malaria is a terrible communicable disease that leads to the death of people every day throughout the world despite the effort made to eradicate it. This vector-borne disease affects Africa because of limited medical resource, lack of information and other socio-economic factors. In report of WHO 2019, there is an estimation of 228 million of malaria cases globally and in 2023 WHO reported the increase of malaria to 249 million. This increase is associated with many risk factors and those factors mitigated to eradicate malaria. This research aims to predict malaria prevalence in Rwanda. We have managed to reveal factors contribute to malaria outbreak like region, type of place of residence, district, and wealth index, protect against malaria by sleeping under a mosquito net, protect against malaria by sleeping under an ITN, protect against malaria by cutting grass around house, seen or heard any messages about malaria and person slept an ever-treated net. Those factors are associated with the malaria prevalence either positively or negatively. The logistic regression model is designed to provide future prediction offering valuable insights to mitigate the impact of malaria outbreaks. This approach will enable healthcare providers and authorities to intervene in advance by reducing the severity of malaria and allocate resources where will be mostly needed. This dissertation also provides explanation to the methodology used to develop predictive models where we used data from RDHS from 2019 to 2020 both trained dataset and tested dataset, the sample size was 5041 where we used 16 variables of interest.
Voices and Melodies of Artistic Precarity: The Unbearable Flexibility of Subjectivity in Independent Musical Work
Authors: Toval-Gajardo Mauricio , Soto-Roy Álvaro , Manríquez Fernanda , Fortes Gabriel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This article examines the precarity of independent musicians' subjectivity within flexible capitalism. Through a qualitative methodology based on in-depth interviews and dialogic discourse analysis, it explores tensions between the participants' desire to professionalize their musical careers and the economic difficulties that they face. The participants, selected upon the basis of their trajectory in independent music, reveal how they manage the financial uncertainties that force them to combine creative work with other jobs. Our main finding is that precarity is not only economic, but also existential, as musicians live in constant uncertainty about the continuity and viability of their careers, a doubt that colors the entire creative process. The pleasure of creative freedom coexists with the suffering derived from instability, and this precarity is deeply integrated into the subjectivity of musicians as an inseparable part of their identity. Despite these tensions, musicians remain committed to their careers, accepting precarity as an inevitable condition for their personal and professional fulfillment.
Glucose and Lipid-Lowering Activities of Some Bioactive Extracted Components from Herbs (Camellia Sinensis, Matricaria Chamomilla and Carum Carvi) in Streptozotocin-diabetic Rats: Intelligent Method for Herbal Medicines Production with Selected Active Ingredients
Authors: Sobhanian Seyed Ali , Ahmadi Abbas , Roghani Mehrdad , Behnam Shima , Farhadiani Nazanin , Abbasi Negin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM, Type 2 diabetes) is a metabolic syndrome categorized by irregular discharge of insulin that subsequently disturbs glucose breakdown. It is the most prevalent chronic non-communicable increasing disease globally and has a great impact on human health. Many treatments have been recently proposed for this disease like insulin and medicine therapies. However, some of these treatments have shown slight efficacy practically with many side effects, thus, searching for new classes of natural and safe compounds has a global demand. Based on the many reported pharmacological effectivity of Camellia Sinensis, Matricaria Chamomilla, and Carum Carvi, evaluation of the glucose and lipid-lowering properties of some extracts of such plants by some polar and nonpolar organic and aqueous solvents in streptozotocin-diabetic mice and rats were done in the research. The results showed that some extracts of Camellia Sinensis, Matricaria Chamomilla, and Carum Carvi can properly lower serum glucose and reverse inappropriate changes regarding serum lipids including triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, aa well as LDL-cholesterol in diabetic experimental animals. To conclude, all of these herbal remedies with multiple bioactive components are of potential benefit in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Copper Difluorocarbene Involved Catalytic gem-Difluoropropargylation
Authors: Zhang Xingang , Zeng Xin , Sun Shi-Ping , Zhao Hai-Yang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The use of metal for catalytic difluorocarbene transfer reactions has long been hindered by the lack of understanding of metal difluorocarbene chemistry, despite the prospect of a new dimension to create novel fluorine structures for medicinal chemistry and advanced materials science. Here, we report a new mode of copper catalyzed difluorocarbene transfer reaction via 1,2-migration of copper difluorocarbene, in sharp contrast to the previous nucleophilic addition of copper difluorocarbene pathway. This innovative reaction enables the development of a modular catalytic gem-difluoropropargylation reaction using a variety of simple and widely available potassium propiolates, terminal alkynes, and allyl/propargyl electrophiles to couple difluorocarbene, opening a new avenue to precise synthesis of organofluorine compounds without tedious synthetic procedure. The impact of this protocol has been demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of complex fluorinated skeletons and the rapid synthesis of the key intermediates of pheromone derivative and PGF2a agonist. Mechanistic studies reveal that the migratory insertion of difluorocarbene into the C-Cu bond of the alkynylcopper species is involved in the reaction.
Nanoparticles with Curcumin and Piperine Modulate Steroid Biosynthesis in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yakubu Jibira , Natsaridis Evangelos , du Toit Therina , Barata Isabel Sousa , Tagit Oya , Pandey Amit V. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Endogenous androgens are pivotal in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PC). We investigated nanoparticle formulations of curcumin and piperine in modulating steroidogenesis within PC cells. Using multiple PC cell lines (LNCaP, VCaP, DU145 and PC3) we studied the effects of curcumin, piperine, and their nanoparticle formulations—curcumin nanoparticles, piperine nanoparticles, and curcumin-piperine nanoparticles (CPN)—on cell viability, migration, and steroid biosynthesis. Curcumin and its nanoparticle formulations significantly reduced cell viability in PC cells, with curcumin-piperine nanoparticles showing the highest efficacy. These treatments also inhibited cell migration, with CPN exhibiting the most pronounced effect. In assays for steroid biosynthesis, curcumin and its nanoparticle formulations, as well as piperine and its nanoparticles, selectively inhibited 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities of cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1). Abiraterone, a CYP17A1 inhibitor, displayed a broader inhibition of steroid metabolism including cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase activity, whereas curcumin and piperine provided a more targeted inhibition profile. Analysis of steroid metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that CPN caused significant reduction of androstenedione and cortisol, suggesting potential synergistic effects. In conclusion, nanoformulations co-loaded with curcumin and piperine offer an effective approach to targeting steroidogenesis and could be promising candidates for therapies aimed at managing androgen-dependent PC.
Unraveling BCR::ABL1-driven enhancer activation and transcriptional reprogramming in Ph B-ALL
Authors: Ng Han Leng , Glaser Trudy Lee , Robinson Mark E. , Cosgun Kadriye Nehir , Malysheva Valeriya , Zhu Jintao , Deniz Ozgen , Crump Nicholas T. , Helian Kaiyue , Innes Andrew J. , Sun Li , Spivakov Mikhail , Mueschen Markus , Feldhahn Niklas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

B-lineage acute-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is driven by genomic lesions and distinct transcriptional programs. Both are often directly linked as most B-ALLs are caused by genetic lesions at transcription factor (TF)-encoding genes. TFs largely mediate their function through gene regulatory ‘enhancer’ elements and enhancer deregulation is known to promote cancer initiation and progression. Consecutively, enhancer-targeting drugs are currently in clinical trials for advanced hematologic cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma. However, for B-ALLs not driven by TF-related genetic lesions it is largely unclear how their disease-promoting transcriptional programs are established, if it involves enhancer-deregulation, and if they would be sensitive to therapeutic enhancer-targeting.
We explore this here by focusing on Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) B-ALL, the most common B-ALL in adults with historically poor prognosis. Ph+B-ALL is driven by the BCR::ABL1 kinase, which has no TF-related function. We report that malignant transformation and associated transcriptional reprogramming by BCR::ABL1 is indeed accompanied by substantial enhancer activation and using Hi-C-based methods we connect enhancers to key genes in Ph+B-ALL. Consequently, Ph+B-ALL-specific enhancer signatures differentiate Ph+B-ALL from other leukemias. We further demonstrate that BCR::ABL1-induced enhancer activation depends on its kinase activity and is executed, at least in part, through the BCR::ABL1-activated TF STAT5. Highlighting the importance of enhancers and the potential of their therapeutic targeting, enhancer inhibition through CBP/P300-specific proteolytic degraders (PROTACs) effectively kills Ph+B-ALL cells.
Fracture Patterns and Efficacy of Prophylactic Vertebroplasty in Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Su Juo-Hau , Lee Alvin Kai-Xing , Chen Yen-Jen , Chen Chien-Min , Hsiao Pang-Hsuan , Lin Chia-Yu , Chen Hsien-Te , Tseng Chun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: The concept of prophylactic vertebroplasty (PrVP) has been proposed to prevent recurrent fractures after vertebroplasty (VP); however, its efficacy remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to analyze fracture patterns and evaluate the effectiveness of PrVP in reducing refracture rates.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2015 to December 2023 involving consecutive patients who underwent VP for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). Fractures were classified according to the German Society for Orthopedics and Trauma (DGOU) Classification of Osteoporotic Fractures, and further divided into subgroups. Patients were categorized into PrVP or non-PrVP groups. The follow-up assessments included radiographic evaluations, pain scores, and disability indices between the two groups.
Results: A total of 121 patients were included. PrVP was associated with reduced occurrence of subsequent vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) and adjacent vertebral fractures (AVFs) in the biendplate-involvement subgroup (7.7% versus 28.6%, P=0.031; 2.6% versus 23.8%, P=0.009). The postoperative disability scores at 3 months (12.1 ± 2.1 versus 12.9 ± 2.1, P=0.034) and at 6 months (11.7 ± 2.6 versus 12.8 ± 2.5, P=0.014) differed significantly between the groups. No significant differences were observed in AVF occurrence among the other fracture subgroups. Postoperative pain relief was significant in both groups, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Our study highlights the potential benefits of PrVP in reducing AVF occurrence in patients with biendplate-involved. Postoperative disability scores improved significantly with PrVP, especially in patients receiving postoperative osteoporosis medication.
Trial registration: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of China Medical University Hospital (Approval number: CMUBH2019-001).
Intermittent Fasting and Fasting-mimicking Diet: Promising Strategies in Cancer Management
Authors: Zhang Chuanqiang , Fu Fengqing , Zhu Xingchao , Ni Xiangyu , Yue Sijia , Wu Hongya , Shi Tongguo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
In the current review, we aim to elucidate the advancements concerning the
roles and fundamental mechanisms of intermittent fasting (IF) and fasting-mimicking diet
(FMD) in cancers. As a dietary intervention,IF and FMD potentially impede tumor
growth by modulating multiple signaling pathways, such as AKT, Nrf2, and AMPK
pathways.Moreover, IF and FMD have been reported to be associated with the tumor immune
response by regulating various immune cells including tumor-associated
macrophages (TAMs), monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), T cells,
and B cells.Additionally, IF and FMD can enhance the efficacy and tolerability of therapy,
concurrently reducing therapy-induced side effects. Furthermore, several clinical
trials have underscored the safety, feasibility, and positive impact on the quality of life
associated with IF and FMD, thereby augmenting the effectiveness of conventional anti--
tumor therapies while ameliorating treatment-related side effects. This review provides a
comprehensive synthesis of findings and elucidates the underlying mechanisms of IF
and FMD in cancer progression and therapy.
Potential Mechanisms of Covid-19 Related Nervous System Damage and Effects on Female Fertility
Authors: Qian Chen-yue , Hu Si-ning , Huadong Liu , Liu Jing-jin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Signs and symptoms that persist or worsen beyond the “acute COVID-19”
stage are referred to as long-COVID. These patients are more likely to suffer from multiple
organ failure, readmission, and mortality. According to a recent theory, long-lasting
COVID-19 symptoms may be caused by abnormal autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity,
such as hypovolemia, brain stem involvement, and autoimmune reactions. Furthermore,
COVID-19 can also cause impaired fertility in women, which may also be related
to inflammation and immune responses. Currently, few treatments are available for
long-COVID symptoms. This article reviews the major effects of COVID-19 on the nervous
system and female fertility, as well as offers potential treatment approaches.
In silico Study of Novel Tryptanthrin-Based Topoisomerase Inhibitors
Authors: Kumawat Mukesh Kumar , Kumar Kapil 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Over the past ten years, a remarkable number of changes have occurred in
the field of cancer drug research. Most anticancer drugs from the first generation work by breaking
down DNA, preventing its production, interfering with cell division processes, or attaching to microtubules.
The potential use of tryptanthrin as well as its analogues is well documented for anticancer
properties.

Objective:
To design a novel hybrid of tryptanthrin analogs with expected anticancer activity.

Method:
By changing the C-6 carbonyl position of the tryptanthrin molecule, a set of 72 derivatives
of substituted-6-benzylidine-6H-indolo[2,1-b] quinazoline-12-one was developed. These ligands
were screened in silico using Schrodinger Glide extra precision docking against DNA topoisomerase
using doxorubicin and teniposide as references to identify their potential anticancer properties.
Further, these ligands were subjected to an in silico ADMET study to identify their drug likeliness.

Results:
Combined results of molecular docking and in silico ADMET study suggest that out of the
total 72 ligands, 6 ligands RC 51, RC 29, RC 42, RC 3, RC 54, and RC 63 were showing very better
binding affinity than the natural ligand adenylyl-imidodiphosphate and the two standard reference
drugs- doxorubicin and teniposide.

Conclusion:
Our computational approach was successful in identifying ligands that are potentially
potent topoisomerase inhibitors. These can be tested further using in vitro and in vivo analysis.
Insights into the Phytochemical Profile and Therapeutical Potential of Withania Somnifera (L.) Dunal
Authors: Katyal Mehak , Kumar Rajesh , Jain Divya , Chatterjee Nidhi , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (W. somnifera) is an herb commonly known by its English
name Winter Cherry, and Ashwagandha in Hindi. It has been used as a traditional Rasayana
herb for a long time. It is a rich reservoir of bioactive compounds known as withanolides, namely,
withaferin-A and withanolide-D. Its current research covers many aspects of human health, which
include anti-stress, anti-tumor, 9immuno-modulatory, hypocholesterolemic, hepatoprotective,
hypoglycemic, diuretic, anti-convulsant, neurotropic, adaptogenic, and cardioprotective properties.
This overview W. somnifera traditional uses, phytochemical, and pharmacological activities.
However, in-depth studies are needed on the clinical use of W. somnifera against human diseases.
Besides, detailed toxicological analysis is also to be performed for its safe and efficacious use in
preclinical and clinical studies and as a health-promoting herb.
Spectrophotometric Determination of 4-n-butylresorcinol in Cosmetics by Decolorization of Oxidized 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine
Authors: Chen Si , Nie Yiming , Liu Qing , Chen Fang 
Published: October 2024

Background:
4-n-butylresorcinol (4nBR) was widely used in the treatment of chloasma
and skin whitening cosmetics. As a decolorizing agent, it can effectively control the activity of tyrosinase.
Market regulatory authorities require truthful labeling of ingredients in cosmetics. Therefore,
the quantitative determination of 4nBR is of great practical significance.

Hypothesis:
At present, the main detection method of 4nBR reported in the literature is HPLC.
Compared with the HPLC method, optical methods offer several advantages, including low cost,
and simplicity, which make them suitable for on-field detection applications. A convenient spectrophotometric
method was established for 4nBR detection.

Methods:
Fe3+ can oxidize the common colorless chromogenic substrate 3,3',5,5'-
tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue oxTMB. Based on the fact that 4-n-butyl resorcinol (4nBR) can
reduce oxTMB, a convenient and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of 4nBR
was proposed.

Results:
Under the optimum conditions, the absorbance at 652 nm has a good linear relationship
with the concentration of 4nBR in the range of 1.2 - 16 μM. The linear equation for the detection of
4nBR was ΔA = 0.0546 c (μM) - 0.0026 (r2=0.9962), and the detection limit was 0.33 μM. The accuracy
of this method is comparable to that of HPLC.

Conclusion:
This method has good selectivity for 4nBR and good anti-interference ability for common
additives in cosmetics. The proposed method can be applied to the determination of 4nBR in
thereal samples.

other:
Optical methods offer several advantages, including low cost, simplicity, which make them suitable for on-field detection application.
iTRAQ-based Proteomic Analysis Unveils NCAM1 as a Novel Regulator in Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity and DT-010-exerted Cardioprotection
Authors: Wang Sijie , Xie Caipeng , Hu Huihui , Yu Pei , Zhong Haijing , Wang Yuqiang , Shan Luchen 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Doxorubicin (DOX) causes lethal cardiotoxicity, which limits its clinical
utility. The molecular mechanisms and effective strategies to combat its cardiotoxicity
need further exploration. DT-010, a novel conjugate of danshensu (DSS) and tetramethylpyrazine(
TMP), is considered a promising candidate for treating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In
this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of DOX-induced
cardiotoxicity and the cardioprotective effects of DT-010.

Methods:
Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) in proteomics analysis
was employed to analyze the differentially expressed proteins in DOX-injuried hearts. Gene
ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
(KEGG) pathway analysis were carried out to evaluated the potential mechanisms of DOXinduced
cardiotoxicity. The effects of NCAM1 on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in H9c2 cells,
as well as the cardioprotection of DT-010 were assessed through NACM1siRNA transfection,
cell viability assay, cell apoptosis staining, reactive oxygen species measurement, and western
blotting.

Results:
Proteomics analysis revealed that several signaling pathways, including the tricarboxylic
acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, were involved in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
NCAM1 is one of the significantly changed proteins. DT-010 treatment regulated
NCAM1 protein expression. Silencing NCAM1 in DOX-treated H9c2 cells decreased cell viability,
increased cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and attenuated
the cardioprotective effects of DT-010. Furthermore, NCAM1 knockdown promoted p38 activation
and inhibited the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-
1 alpha (PGC-1α) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in DOX-treated cells.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate a definite role of NCAM1 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity
and DT-010-exerted cardioprotection, which is mediated through the p38 and Sirt1/PGC-
1α/HO-1 pathway.