bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Trimester Abortion by Vacuum Aspiration: Interphysician Variability
Authors: Miller Eva R. , Wood J. L. , Andolsek Lidija , Ogrinc‐Oven da 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis study compares the performances of four physicians using two types of plastic cannulae (flexible and rigid) for 1100 vacuum aspiration procedures. The criteria for assessing physician performance by cannula type were: (a) frequency of cannula obstructions, (b) amount of retained tissue obtained by sharp curettage after vacuum aspiration, (c) estimated blood loss during the procedure and (d) time required to perform the procedure. Data for each physician were compared and yielded significantly different results. The length of time required to use the cannula differed significantly among physicians; two of them had significantly shorter cannula times with the flexible instrument. The others had the lowest distributions of blood loss and the most difference between cannula usage. Consistent grouping over several variables suggests that differences in these criteria are more likely to be attributable to subtle distinctions in operator technique than to variations in equipment.
The Effect of Maternal Age, Parity, Fetal Sex and Season upon Early Intrauterine Development
Authors: Iffy Leslie , Lavenhar Marvin , Kaminetzky Harold A. , Jongbloet Piet H. , Wingate Martin B. , Jakobovits Antal 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis report presents the results of a computer analysis of 1672 specimens of embryonic material which were obtained by induced abortion in normal pregnancies. The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of maternal age, parity, fetal sex and seasonal variations on the growth rate of embryos and fetuses which were between six and 20 weeks' gestation. Two parameters of intrauterine growth were analyzed: (a) the relation between menstrual age and crown‐to‐rump length and (b) the crown‐to‐rump length versus the body weight ratio. None of the quoted factors seemed to affect the linear growth of the embryo or fetus. The correlations between fetal crown‐to‐rump length and body weight were not influenced by maternal age, parity or fetal sex. Significant (p < 0.001) differences in early intrauterine growth rates were detected in relation to the season of conception. The rate of increase of body weight was far above average in those embryos and fetuses conceived during the summer months, while the opposite was the case when the conception occurred in the fall. An increase in the rate of the weight gain was demonstrated among the products of conceptions which occurred in the winter. There were insufficient data about those fetuses that resulted from conceptions which occurred in the spring.
A Follow‐up of Tubectomy Clients in Bangladesh
Authors: Swenson Ingrid , Jahan Farida Akhtar , Khan Atiqur Rahman 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFive hundred twenty‐one tubectomy clients from two health centers and one sterilization camp were interviewed 1–4 years after their tubectomies to determine: (a) demographic characteristics, (b) reasons for selecting tubectomy and (c) long‐term satisfaction. Essentially no differences in demographic characteristics or long‐term satisfaction were observed between urban and rural clients or by the type of center where the tubectomies were performed. Means ages of the clients were 31–32 years; mean parity was 7. Fifty‐four percent of the rural and 85% of the urban patients had used contraceptives before tubectomy. Ninety‐five percent or more of the patients stated that they were satisfied with the tubectomy.
Further Experience with a Capillary Tube Pregnancy Test
Authors: Lau H. Lorrin , Lawrence Katharine W. , King Theodore M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFurther evaluation of the nonrefrigerated capillary tube pregnancy test is presented. A 127‐mm by 2‐mm glass capillary tube containing lyophilized antibody to human chorionic gonadotropin and latex indicator particles is used. Urine is drawn into the tube by capillary action; then, the tube is tilted to allow the urine to dissolve the antibody and to suspend the latex particles. The test results are read after a one‐hour incubation period. Test results were evaluated against histopathologic and clinical data. Special efforts were made to stress the false‐positive rate of the test by tripling the number of negative cases and doubling the sample size. A 99.82% agreement, a 0.18% false‐negative rate and a 0% false‐positive rate were obtained. In 52 confirmed pregnancies, the more sensitive capillary test detected human chorionic gonadotropin, whereas the commercial tests did not. Human chorionic gonadotropin was also detected one week earlier than reported in the first series.
Maternal Mortality in an Israeli Hospital: A Review of 23 Years
Authors: Kessler I. , Lancet M. , Rozenman D. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn spite of great strides in obstetrics, maternal mortality has not been completely eliminated. Possible changes in the causes of mortality are examined for three periods of time (1954–1961, 1962–1971 and 1972–1976). The overall incidence was 3.6/10 000, changing through the three periods from 4.9 to 4.3 and finally to 3.0/10 000. Vascular accidents were the cause of death in almost one third of the cases, emerging as the most important etiologic factor. Older age and higher parity did not seem to influence the incidence of obstetric deaths. Cesarean section was involved in ten of 23 cases in which the death was directly related to the pregnancy and delivery. In six patients there was a rupture of the uterus. The number of preventable deaths has decreased steadily, but research into the problem of vascular accidents and a dampening of the enthusiasm for cesarean sections may further improve the situation.
Fetal Absorption of 3H‐Leucine Injected into the Amniotic Sacs of Pregnant Rats
Authors: Lev Robert , Loud Alden V. , Laitio Matti , Orlic Donald 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTWhen injected into the amniotic sacs of fetal rats in late pregnancy, 3H‐leucine is rapidly absorbed and incorporated into fetal proteins as determined by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Peak values in the fetal liver and pancreas occur around four hours after injection. Approximately 21% of the radioisotope is retained in the injected fetus at 24 hours. The remainder escapes into the maternal circulation and accounts for a gradual increase in levels in noninjected fetuses from the same litter and for persistently high counts found in maternal serum as late as 24 hours after the injection. Specific activity of the radioisotope in fetal tissues is considerably higher (100‐ to 200‐fold) when 3H‐leucine is injected into the amniotic sac rather than intravenously into the mother. The possible treatment of various fetal disorders by means of intra‐amniotic injections is discussed.
Heat Loss in Nigerian Newborn Infants in the Delivery Room
Authors: Omene J. A. , Diejomaoh F. M. E. , Faal M. , Diakparomre M. A. , Obiaya M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFifty‐three vigorous infants were randomly assigned to six different groups (A–F). The babies in groups A and F were not dried and were either exposed wet to room air or warmed under the radiant heater. The other groups of infants were quickly dried and exposed to room air (group B), wrapped with one sterile sheet (group C), wrapped with two towels (group D) or placed under the radiant heater (group E). The infants exposed to room air lost twice the amount of heat when compared with those insulated with two towels. The amount of heat loss by evaporation could not be demonstrated. The role of high relative humidity as an important determinant of the degree of heat loss by evaporation is stressed.
A Comparative Study of the Efficiency of Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate and of Chlormadinone Acetate in the Prevention of Premature Labor
Authors: Bréart Gérard , Lanfranchi Michel , Chavigny Charlette , Rumeau‐Rouquette Claude , Sureau Claude 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of caproate of hydroxyprogesterone and acetate of chlormadinone in preventing premature labore was compared in a controlled trial. The survey was based on 211 pregnant women with a high risk of premature delivery discovered during clinical examination. There are no significant differences between the two groups in either length of gestation, delay between the beginning of treatment and delivery or other parameters related to prematurity. The absence of evidence suggesting any significant difference between the two treatments can have three possible causes (which are discussed): the methodology, the inefficacy of the two products or the equivalent efficacy of the two products.
The Effect of Castration and Estrogen Therapy on Serum High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Punnonen R. , Rauramo L. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe effect of castration on serum high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was studied in 11 women with fairly regular menstruation. The HDL cholesterol levels before and one month after castration did not differ significantly. The effect of intramuscular estrogen therapy on HDL cholesterol was investigated in six castrated women. Ten days after injections of both 10.0 mg of estradiol valerate and 2.5 mg of estradiol benzoate plus 10.0 mg of estradiol phenylpropionate, HDL cholesterol was increased significantly. Fifteen days later, HDL cholesterol levels returned to the pretreatment values.
Effects of Lactation on Hormonal Levels in Rural Women
Authors: de C. Thelma E. Canto , de A. Fernando Sosa Martinez , G. Raul Baquedano , C. Rosario Piña 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTLuteinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone and prolactin levels were compared in ten rural and ten urban women, all of whom were experiencing lactational amenorrhea. The values of luteinizing hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone were similar in both groups. The prolactin levels were significantly elevated in the rural group.
Neonatal Herpesvirus Sepsis Following Internal Monitoring
Authors: Katz Miriam , Greco M. Alba , Antony Liza , Young Bruce K. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe use of internal monitoring, in which an electrode is attached to the fetal scalp, may be associated with serious complications. The authors present a case of fetal neonatal sepsis due to herpesvirus arising at the electrode site.
Uterine Fibroleiomyomata with Aortic Lymph Node Metastases
Authors: Deppe Gunter , Clachko Marc , Deligdisch Liane , Cohen Carmel J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis is a report of extensive metastases of histologically benign uterine leiomyomas to para‐aortic lymph nodes in a 32‐year‐old woman. The pathologic features and clinical characteristics are described, and the previously recorded experience with this rare entity is reviewed.
Postirradiation Vaginal Occlusion: Nonoperative Management
Authors: Poma Pedro A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe effects of irradiation therapy on the surrounding pelvic structures are well known. Most women develop some degree of vaginal stenosis following irradiation for cervical cancer. Although complete vaginal occlusion is less common, it seriously affects the patient's self‐image. The author treated five patients who had complete vaginal occlusion following irradiation for stage II uterine cervical carcinoma. By means of a regimen of digital pressure and an estrogenic cream, for an average interval of six weeks, the function of the vagina was restored.
Hydatidiform Mole with Large Ovarian Cysts and Venous Thrombosis: A Case Report
Authors: Årstad Bergljot Holm , Bergsjø Per , Eie Harald 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA 24‐year‐old gravida 1 with benign molar pregnancy, which was evacuated after 12 weeks of amenorrhea, developed ovarian cysts that reached the costal margin. Afterwards, she developed thrombosis, which occluded the superior vena cava as well as the right axillary vein. Treatment with streptokinase, followed by heparin and warfarin sodium, apparently resulted in a clinically complete cure. The ovarian cysts regressed spontaneously, and regular menstrual cycles recurred.
Second Trimester Abortion with Prostaglandin F2α
Authors: Chatterjee Tapan K. , Niles Lalitha 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA clinical trial comparing 40‐mg and 50‐mg intraamniotic dose schedules of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is described. The trial included 48 patients at 15‐20 weeks' gestation, with 20 receiving a 40‐mg dose of PGF2α and 28 receiving a 50‐mg dose of PGF2α. The success rates for the two groups were 85% and 93%, respectively. All nulliparous patients who had 50 mg of PGF2α and all multiparous patients who had 40 mg of PGF2α aborted within the 48‐hour trial period. The mean induction‐to‐abortion interval with the 50‐mg dose was two hours shorter than that with the 40‐mg dose. All patients who had 40 mg of PGF2α over 16 weeks' gestation aborted within the trial period. In patients who had 50 mg of PGF2α, the period of gestation did not influence the induction‐to‐abortion interval. Minor side effects, primarily vomiting or diarrhea, were observed in 65% and 93% of the patients who had 40‐mg and 50‐mg doses, respectively. We conclude that intraamniotic administration of 50 mg of PGF2α successfully induces midtrimester abortion in nulliparous patients, whereas a 40‐mg dose suffices for multiparous women.
A Comparative Study of Standard‐Dose and Low‐Dose Oral Contraceptives in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Bairagi R. , Razzaque A. , Obaidullah M. , Measham A. R. , Khan A. R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFieldworkers in a rural area of Bangladesh distributed two kinds of oral contraceptives to women accepting this method; 286 women received a standard‐dose oral contraceptive and 366 women one mile away were given a low‐dose pill of the same formulation. Continuation rates at 12 months were 86% for the standard‐dose and 75% for the low‐dose pill. Worker performance accounted for some of the difference, but the results suggest that the lower‐dose pill is less acceptable in rural Bangladesh than the standard‐dose pill of the same formulation.
Intrauterine Devices: Present and Future
Authors: Guillebaud John 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAlthough the mortality associated with the use of intrauterine contraception is low, its morbidity is probably higher than that associated with oral contraception. Much anxiety has been generated and whole programs prejudiced by lack of attention to detail during counseling, the fitting of intrauterine devices and follow‐up. This paper draws attention to the shared etiology of many of the important adverse effects of the method, the fact that several become increasingly rare with increasing age of the user, and other factors that can assist in choosing the right device for the right woman. Likely future trends are also predicted.
Ketamine for Minor Gynecologic Surgery
Authors: Akinyemi O. O. , Awasthi S. N. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTLorazepam, a benzodiazepine derivative, is a hypnotic useful for premedication. Four milligrams given orally, intramuscularly or intravenously, is more effective than many other agents, including diazepam, in attenuating the psychic sequelae of ketamine administration. This study compares the efficacy of intravenous administration of 2 mg of lorazepam with that of 10 mg of diazepam. The results reveal that the lower dose of lorazepam is superior to 10 mg of diazepam in taming ketamine sequelae. Therefore, lorazepam is suggested for use instead of the higher dose of diazepam.
Prediction of skin sensitization potency using machine learning approaches
Authors: Zang Qingda , Paris Michael , Lehmann David M. , Bell Shannon , Kleinstreuer Nicole , Allen David , Matheson Joanna , Jacobs Abigail , Casey Warren , Strickland Judy 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe replacement of animal use in testing for regulatory classification of skin sensitizers is a priority for US federal agencies that use data from such testing. Machine learning models that classify substances as sensitizers or non‐sensitizers without using animal data have been developed and evaluated. Because some regulatory agencies require that sensitizers be further classified into potency categories, we developed statistical models to predict skin sensitization potency for murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) and human outcomes. Input variables for our models included six physicochemical properties and data from three non‐animal test methods: direct peptide reactivity assay; human cell line activation test; and KeratinoSens™ assay. Models were built to predict three potency categories using four machine learning approaches and were validated using external test sets and leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. A one‐tiered strategy modeled all three categories of response together while a two‐tiered strategy modeled sensitizer/non‐sensitizer responses and then classified the sensitizers as strong or weak sensitizers. The two‐tiered model using the support vector machine with all assay and physicochemical data inputs provided the best performance, yielding accuracy of 88% for prediction of LLNA outcomes (120 substances) and 81% for prediction of human test outcomes (87 substances). The best one‐tiered model predicted LLNA outcomes with 78% accuracy and human outcomes with 75% accuracy. By comparison, the LLNA predicts human potency categories with 69% accuracy (60 of 87 substances correctly categorized). These results suggest that computational models using non‐animal methods may provide valuable information for assessing skin sensitization potency. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo feasibility test using transparent carbon nanotube‐coated polydimethylsiloxane sheet at brain tissue and sciatic nerve
Authors: Wang Caifeng , Oh Sangjin , Lee Hyun Ah , Kang Jieun , Jeong Ki‐Jae , Kang Seon Woo , Hwang Dae Youn , Lee Jaebeom 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCarbon nanotubes, with their unique and outstanding properties, such as strong mechanical strength and high electrical conductivity, have become very popular for the repair of tissues, particularly for those requiring electrical stimuli. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐based elastomers have been used in a wide range of biomedical applications because of their optical transparency, physiological inertness, blood compatibility, non‐toxicity, and gas permeability. In present study, most of artificial nerve guidance conduits (ANGCs) are not transparent. It is hard to confirm the position of two stumps of damaged nerve during nerve surgery and the conduits must be cut open again to observe regenerative nerves after surgery. Thus, a novel preparation method was utilized to produce a transparent sheet using PDMS and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) via printing transfer method. Characterization of the PDMS/MWNT (PM) sheets revealed their unique physicochemical properties, such as superior mechanical strength, a certain degree of electrical conductivity, and high transparency. Characterization of the in vitro and in vivo usability was evaluated. PM sheets showed high biocompatibility and adhesive ability. In vivo feasibility tests of rat brain tissue and sciatic nerve revealed the high transparency of PM sheets, suggesting that it can be used in the further development of ANGCs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1736–1745, 2017.
Caspase mediated beclin‐1 dependent autophagy tuning activity and apoptosis promotion by surface modified hausmannite nanoparticle
Authors: Mondal Souvik , Giri Anupam , Zhang Yunjiao , Kumar Pal Samir , Zhou Wei , Wen Long‐ping 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHidden effects of nano‐materials to induced autophagy, a lysosomal degradative pathway, remain an exciting topic, in the level of material‐protein interaction and subsequent cellular signaling features. Here, our studies show that surface modified hausmannite nanoparticles (Mn3O4 NPs) can uniformly cleave/splice Beclin‐1 protein and alter cellular mechanism on the emphasis of tuning autophagy and subsequently promote enhancement of apoptosis. Details investigation of Beclin‐1 dependency and its uniform cleavage/splice pattern by surface modified Mn3O4 NPs, shows tuning of cellular mechanism on emphasis of caspase mediated autophagy tuning. Our findings will also clarify the conflict between apoptosis‐autophagy on the basis of its unique property derived from surface chemistry modulation, in context of Beclin‐1 eminent cleavage/splice which remarks novel effect of Beclin‐1 dependent tuning of autophagosomes formation and switch to enhance apoptotic index, mediates by PI3KC3 cleavage and caspase activation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1299–1310, 2017.
A Friedrichs–Maz'ya inequality for functions of bounded variation
Authors: Rondi Luca 
Published: January 2017

The aim of this short note is to give an alternative proof, which applies to functions of bounded variation in arbitrary domains, of an inequality by Maz'ya that improves Friedrichs inequality. A remarkable feature of such a proof is that it is rather elementary, if the basic background in the theory of functions of bounded variation is assumed. Nevertheless, it allows to extend all the previously known versions of this fundamental inequality to a completely general version. In fact the inequality presented here is optimal in several respects.As already observed in previous proofs, the crucial step is to provide conditions under which a function of bounded variation on a bounded open set, extended to zero outside, has bounded variation on the whole space. We push such conditions to their limits. In fact, we give a sufficient and necessary condition if the open set has a boundary with σ‐finite surface measure and a sufficient condition if the open set is fully arbitrary. Via a counterexample we show that such a general sufficient condition is sharp.
Rapid chemical shift encoding with single‐acquisition single‐slab 3D GRASE
Authors: Kim Hahnsung , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Sohn Chul‐Ho , Park Jaeseok 
Published: January 2017

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of chemical shift encoded, single‐slab 3D GRASE for rapid fat–water separation within a single acquisition.MethodsThe proposed method incorporates signal‐to‐noise‐ratio‐optimal chemical shift encoding into single‐slab 3D GRASE with variable flip angles. Chemical shift induced phase information was encoded in succession to different positions in k‐space by inserting phase encoding blips between adjacent lobes of the oscillating readout gradients. To enhance imaging efficiency, signal prescription‐based variable flip angles were used in the long refocusing pulse train. After echo‐independent phase correction, missing signals in k‐echo space were interpolated using convolution kernels that span over all echoes. Fat–water separation in a single acquisition was performed using both multi‐echo fast spin echo and GRASE as compared to conventional multiacquisition fast spin echo with echo shifts.ResultsThe proposed single‐slab 3D GRASE shows superior performance in accurately delineating cartilage structures compared to its counterpart, multi‐echo 3D fast spin echo. Compared with multiacquisition fast spin echo with three echo shifts (63 min), the proposed method substantially speeds up imaging time (7 min), and achieves 0.6 mm isotropic resolution in knee imaging with reduced artifacts and noise.ConclusionWe successfully demonstrated the feasibility of rapid chemical shift encoding and separation using the proposed, single‐acquisition single‐slab 3D GRASE for high resolution isotropic imaging within clinically acceptable time. Magn Reson Med 78:1852–1861, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.