bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of introducing Tabata interval training and stability exercises to school children as a school-based intervention program
Authors: Ekström Annika , Östenberg Anna Hafsteinsson , Björklund Glenn , Alricsson Marie 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Physical activities during leisure time as well as school hours have changed over the past few years, with adolescents being less physically active and adopting a sedentary lifestyle.

Objective
The overall objective of this mixed-methods study was to evaluate the feasibility of introducing a 4-min Tabata interval training into a lower secondary school context. A further aim was to evaluate the possible effects on: coordination, balance, and strength.

Methods
The study was conducted as an intervention study with a mixed-method approach. Forty-three children, aged 7–9 years, participated in the intervention group. Additionally, 13 children were recruited as a control group. The intervention itself was delivered by the teachers and was performed for 4-min every day in a classroom setting. All participants performed physical tests before and after the intervention period to evaluate the Tabata training. After the completion of the 6-week Tabata interval training, the four teachers were interviewed.

Results
The push-ups (p = 0.004), kneeling push-ups (p = 0.03), and standing long jump (p = 0.01) improved in the intervention group after 6 weeks. No differences were observed between the genders. The teachers experienced that it worked well to integrate the Tabata interval training in the classroom setting.

Conclusion
After 6 weeks, a school-based Tabata intervention program improved physical performance. The teachers saw no obstacles in including the Tabata intervention program in a classroom setting and pointed out several positive aspects such as an increased energy level and development in the children’s movement patterns.
Differences and similarities in medicine use, perceptions and sharing among adolescents in two different educational settings
Authors: Vestergaard Stense , Ravn Pernille , Hallgreen Christine Erikstrup , Kaae Susanne 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Evidence suggests that there are differences in medicine habits among adolescents with different sociodemographic backgrounds and that peers might also influence medicine use. More knowledge is needed regarding how these aspects together affect how different young people use medicines.

Objective
To explore the differences in medicine use, perceptions and sharing between adolescents at two different educational (and socio-demographic) settings and assess the influence of parents and peers.

Subjects
Fifty-nine students from a private high school (HS) and 34 students from a public vocational school (VS) in Denmark between the ages of 15 and 19 years old were subjects in this study.

Methods
A questionnaire was used that included background, medicine consumption, perceptions and social interaction. Descriptive analyses along with a Fishers test were used to determine differences and similarities between students’ medicine patterns at the school settings.

Results
Of the 93 respondents, 74% used medicine within the past month, with females using more medicines. A significant difference was found with students at the VS using a higher number of medicines. Analgesics were the most frequently consumed medicine; however, reasons for using medicines appear to vary between the schools. Similarities between the schools were identified for perception of safety, sharing medicine and talking primarily with parents about medicine.

Conclusion
Fewer differences between students’ medicine use at two educational settings than expected were identified, showing that aspects other than social background influence adolescents’ use of medicine. A general tendency among young people believing that using medicines is a safe might explain these findings.
Using theory of planned behavior for prediction of delivery mode among pregnant women: a theory-based cross-sectional research
Authors: Ghaffari Mohtasham , Afshari Atefeh , Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Armoon Bahram 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Nowadays, in Iran cesarean rates have increased from the recommended level of the World Health Organization (WHO).

Objectives
The objective of the present study was to determine which theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs predict intentions and delivery mode among pregnant women.

Methods
One hundred and four pregnant nulliparous women in their third trimesters of pregnancy referred to Semirom health care centers were investigated based on census reports. The data were collected by valid and reliable questionnaire based on the TPB constructs and analyzed by SPSS16.

Results
In examining predictors using linear regression analysis to choose normal vaginal delivery (NVD), all constructs of TPB, including attitude toward NVD (p < 0.0001), subjective norms (p < 0.05) and perceived behavioral control (p < 0.001) were significantly correlated. Finally, after telephone follow-up with the women who had delivered newborns on their delivery method, it was found that 71.15% had a NVD and 28.14% had a cesarean delivery.

Conclusions
Regarding the effect of attitude to NVD, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control in NVD intention and its crucial role in anticipating the final delivery method, it is recommended considering these constructs in designing educational interventions for safe delivery in the investigated area.
Relationships between metabolic profile, hypertension and uric acid with cardiometabolic risk in adolescents with abdominal obesity: impact of geodemographic factors on the prevalence of abdominal obesity
Authors: Bouhenni Hamida , Daoudi Hadjer , Djemai Haidar , Noirez Philippe , Rouabah Abdelkader , Vitiello Damien , Rouabah Leila 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Association of hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia and high blood pressure (BP) among adolescents with high waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) remains not fully addressed and could represent a new way to diagnose adolescents early with cardiometabolic risk.

Objective
We aimed to determine abdominal obesity (AO) prevalence and investigate relations between AO, uric acid (UA), lipid profiles, BP and geographical patterns in adolescents.

Subjects
577 and 204 Algerian students aged between 10 and 19 years were included in our epidemiological and biochemical studies, respectively.

Methods
Height, weight, waist circumference (Wc) and hip circumferences, body mass index (BMI) and BP were measured. Fasting blood sampling was performed to measure glycemia, lipid profile, uricemia, insulinemia and leptinemia. The WHtR ≥0.50 was applied for the diagnosis of AO and geodemographics was evaluated.

Results
The prevalence of AO was 12.13% among all students, 19.17% and 16.39% among students living in urban and plain areas, respectively. The risk of AO may be reduced in rural and mountainous areas. Lipid parameters, UA, insulin and leptin serum concentrations were significantly increased in adolescents with WHtR ≥0.50 compared to those with WHtR <0.50. Cardiometabolic risk was increased with WHtR ≥0.50 and BMI >26. Means of BMI, Wc, BP, and lipid parameters were significantly increased in the fourth quartiles compared to the first quartile of UA.

Conclusion
Urban areas and plains represent factors contributing to AO and WHtR ≥0.50 may be used as a cut-off point to define risks of high BP, lipid abnormalities and UA serum level in Algerian adolescents.
Increased risk of sadness and suicidality among victims of bullying experiencing additional threats to physical safety
Authors: Pham Tammy B. , Adesman Andrew 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objective
To examine, in a nationally-representative sample of high school students, to what extent one or more additional threats to physical safety exacerbates the risk of sadness and suicidality among victims of school and/or cyber-bullying.

Methods
National data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) were analyzed for grades 9–12 (n = 15,624). Victimization groups were characterized by school-bullying and cyber-bullying, with and without additional threats to physical safety: fighting at school, being threatened/injured at school, and skipping school out of fear for one’s safety. Outcomes included 2-week sadness and suicidality. Outcomes for victimization groups were compared to non-victims using logistic regression adjusting for sex, grade and race/ethnicity.

Results
Overall, 20.2% of students were school-bullied, and 15.5% were cyber-bullied in the past year. Compared to non-victims, victims of school-bullying and victims of cyber-bullying (VoCBs) who did not experience additional threats to physical safety were 2.76 and 3.83 times more likely to report 2-week sadness, and 3.39 and 3.27 times more likely to exhibit suicidality, respectively. Conversely, victims of bullying who experienced one or more additional threats to physical safety were successively more likely to report these adverse outcomes. Notably, victims of school-bullying and VoCBs with all three additional risk factors were 13.13 and 17.75 times more likely to exhibit suicidality, respectively.

Conclusion
Risk of depression symptoms and suicidality among victims of school-bullying and/or cyber-bullying is greatly increased among those who have experienced additional threats to physical safety: fighting at school, being threatened/injured at school and skipping school out of fear for their safety.
Menstrual irregularity and use of oral contraceptives in female adolescent athletes in Swedish National Sports High Schools
Authors: von Rosen Philip , Heijne Annette , Frohm Anna , Fridén Cecilia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveFemale adolescent athletes seem to use oral contraceptives (OCs) in the same proportion as the general population. In athletes not using OCs, menstrual irregularity (MI) is reported to be common but there are few studies of MI in adolescent athletes. The aim of the study was to survey menarche, menstrual irregularity and use of OCs in adolescent athletes in the National Sports High Schools in Sweden. A further aim was to study the associations between current sport injury and menstrual irregularity as well as use of OCs.SubjectsTwo hundred and ninety-eight female adolescent athletes at Swedish National Sports High Schools.MethodsA web-based questionnaire containing questions related to menstrual status, contraception and current injury.ResultsOne third (32.6%) of the athletes used OCs and of the remaining athletes 31.8% had MI. The group of athletes with MI had a significantly (p = 0.038; Cohen’s d, 0.32) lower BMI and consisted of a significantly (p = 0.043) higher proportion of endurance athletes. OC users were less likely to participate in endurance sports compared to non-OC users (p = 0.024). Current injury was equally distributed in the OC and the non-OC group but athletes with MI had fewer sports injuries compared to eumenorrheic women.ConclusionOCs are frequently used among athletes at Swedish National Sports High Schools. OC users were less likely to participate in endurance sports compared to non-OC users. MI was common and athletes with MI had lower BMI compared to eumenorrheic athletes. Sports injuries were not associated with use of OC and eumenorrheic athletes had a higher proportion of current injury.
Self perceived psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics among young adults: a cross sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Chakradhar Kuracha , Doshi Dolar , Kulkarni Suhas , Reddy Bandari Srikanth , Reddy Sahithi , Srilatha Adepu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundOral health is not merely the absence of oral disease and dysfunction, but also influences the subject’s social life and dento-facial self confidence.ObjectiveTo assess and correlate self perceived psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics among young adults based on gender.SubjectsA convenience sample of Young adults of degree college in the age group of 18–23 years of Hyderabad city, India.MethodSelf perceived psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics was assessed using the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ). The dental aesthetic index (DAI) was used to evaluate dental aesthetics among participants which includes 10 parameters of dento-facial anomalies related to both clinical and aesthetic aspects of the anterior teeth.ResultsThe majority of the study population were 18 years of age (96; 31.4%) with a mean age of 19.2 ± 1.1 years. When the mean total score and individual domain scores of PIDAQ was compared based on gender, females showed higher statistical mean (p ≤ 0.05) for all except the psychology impact domain (p = 0.12). Based on DAI grading and gender, among both males [70 (32.9%)] and females [31 (33.3%)] the majority of them had a DAI score of ≤25 (grade1; normal/minor dental malocclusion). A significant negative correlation was observed between DAI, with PIDAQ and its domains (p ≤ 0.05) except for the dental self confidence (p = 0.72).ConclusionThis study had examined the relationship between self-perceived psychosocial impact and dental aesthetics. So, early preventive or interceptive procedures should be carried out to prevent further psychosocial impacts on human life.
A Methodology to Prevent Failure in Single Pole Reclosing Operations
Authors: Miguel Pablo Mourente 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAfter a phase to earth fault in a transmission line, opening of the circuit breaker poles at line extremities interrupts the fault current in the faulted phase. However, due to coupling between phases there is still a residual current through the electric arc, which is then denominated secondary arc. Interruption of the secondary arc defines if single pole reclosing operation will succeed. Nowadays, studies evaluate the likelihood of secondary arc interruption to define application of single phase reclosing. By several reasons, the secondary arc interruption may not occur leading the single pole reclosing operation to a failure. In this case, the circuit breaker pole has to open again and that depletes the energy stored in the operating mechanism. As the rated operating cycle of a fast reclosing circuit breaker is O – 0,3 s – CO – 15 s CO, a failure in the first reclosing shot makes necessary an interval longer than 15 s to perform a second reclosing shot. The methodology presented herein establishes a verification beforehand if a single pole reclosing will be successful. With the secondary arc still active, the single pole reclosing is blocked and the system proceeds to a three pole reclosing. Blocking of the first reclosing shot keeps the energy stored in the operating mechanism and the three pole reclosing shot may proceed with an interval of 300 ms.
A sufficient condition for nilpotency of the nilpotent residual of a finite group
Authors: Freitas de Andrade Agenor , Carrazedo Dantas Alex 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Let G be a finite group with the property that if

a
,
b

{a,b}

are powers of

δ
1
*

{\delta_{1}^{*}}

-commutators such that

(

|
a
|

,

|
b
|

)

=
1

{(|a|,|b|)=1}

, then

|

a
⁢
b

|

=

|
a
|

⁢

|
b
|

{|ab|=|a||b|}

. We show that

γ
∞

⁢

(
G
)

{\gamma_{\infty}(G)}

is nilpotent.
Budgeting suspended sediment fluxes in tropical monsoonal watersheds with limited data: the Lake Tana basin
Authors: Zimale Fasikaw A. , Moges Mamaru A. , Alemu Muluken L. , Ayana Essayas K. , Demissie Solomon S. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Steenhuis Tammo S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Soil erosion decreases soil fertility of the uplands and causes siltation of lakes and reservoirs; the lakes and reservoirs in tropical monsoonal African highlands are especially affected by sedimentation. Efforts in reducing loads by designing management practices are hampered by lack of quantitative data on the relationship of erosion in the watersheds and sediment accumulation on flood plains, lakes and reservoirs. The objective of this study is to develop a prototype quantitative method for estimating sediment budget for tropical monsoon lakes with limited observational data. Four watersheds in the Lake Tana basin were selected for this study. The Parameter Efficient Distributed (PED) model that has shown to perform well in the Ethiopian highlands is used to overcome the data limitations and recreate the missing sediment fluxes. PED model parameters are calibrated using daily discharge data and the occasionally collected sediment concentration when establishing the sediment rating curves for the major rivers. The calibrated model parameters are then used to predict the sediment budget for the 1994-2009 period. Sediment retained in the lake is determined from two bathymetric surveys taken 20 years apart whereas the sediment leaving the lake is calculated based on measured discharge and observed sediment concentrations. Results show that annually on average 34 t/ha/year of sediment is removed from the gauged part of the Lake Tana watersheds. Depending on the up-scaling method from the gauged to the ungauged part, 21 to 32 t/ha/year (equivalent to 24-38 Mt/year) is transported from the upland watersheds of which 46% to 65% is retained in the flood plains and 93% to 96% is trapped on the flood plains and in the lake. Thus, only 4-7% of all sediment produced in the watersheds leaves the Lake Tana Basin.
An unusual kind of diurnal streamflow variation
Authors: Cuevas Jaime G. , Arumí José L. , Zúñiga-Feest Alejandra , Little Christian 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
During hydrological research in a Chilean swamp forest, we noted a pattern of higher streamflows close to midday and lower ones close to midnight, the opposite of an evapotranspiration (Et)-driven cycle. We analyzed this diurnal streamflow signal (DSS), which appeared mid-spring (in the growing season). The end of this DSS coincided with a sustained rain event in autumn, which deeply affected stream and meteorological variables. A survey along the stream revealed that the DSS maximum and minimum values appeared 6 and 4 hours earlier, respectively, at headwaters located in the mountain forests/ plantations than at the control point in the swamp forest. Et in the swamp forest was higher in the morning and in the late afternoon, but this process could not influence the groundwater stage. Trees in the mountain headwaters reached their maximum Ets in the early morning and/or close to midday. Our results suggest that the DSS is a wave that moves from forests high in the mountains towards lowland areas, where Et is decoupled from the DSS. This signal delay seems to convert the link between streamflow and Et in an apparent, but spurious positive relationship. It also highlights the role of landscape heterogeneity in shaping hydrological processes.
Influence of discharge on fish habitat suitability curves in mountain watercourses in IFIM methodology
Authors: Macura Viliam , Štefunková Zuzana Š , Majorošová Martina , Halaj Peter , Škrinár Andrej 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this study, the quality of the aquatic habitats of mountain and piedmont streams was evaluated using the ‘Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM)’ decision-making tool. The quality of habitats was interpreted from the behaviour of bioindicators in the form of habitat suitability curves (HSCs). From 1995 until the present, 59 different reaches of 43 mountain streams in Slovakia and 3 validation reaches were evaluated, and the results analysed. The aim of this study was to generalize the parameters of the HSCs for the brown trout. The generalized curves will be useful for water management planning. It is difficult and time-consuming to take hydrometrical and ichthyological measurements at different water levels. Therefore, we developed a methodology for modifying suitability curves based on an ichthyological survey during a low flow and a flow at which fish lose the ability to resist the flow velocity. The study provides the information how such curves can be modified for a wider flow range. In summary, this study shows that generalized HSCs provide representative data that can be used to support both the design of river restoration and the assessment of the impacts of the water use or of climate change on stream habitat quality.
The Development of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials Industry in Science and Entrepreneurship: Scientific Indicators. A Case Study of Latvia (Part Three)
Authors: Geipele S. , Geipele I. , Kauskale L. , Zeltins N. , Staube T. , Pudzis E. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The present scientific paper is the third part and continuation of the indepth scientific study of the developed system of engineering economic indicators, where the authors obtain results from the scientific research presented in a series of works on the development of the nanotechnologies and advanced materials industry in science and entrepreneurship in Latvia. Part three determines the crucial scientific indicators of the development of nano-field at the macro, micro, and meso development levels of the economic environment in Latvia. The paper provides the interaction of new identified indicators of nanofield in terms of further scientific and practical activities. Latvia is analysed in comparison with other countries in the world.
Theoretical and Experimental Research of Synchronous Reluctance Motor
Authors: Dobriyan R. , Vitolina S. , Lavrinovicha L. , Dirba J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe paper presents the research on evaluation of accuracy of magnetic field calculations of synchronous reluctance motor in comparison with the results obtained in experiments. Magnetic field calculations are performed with the finite element method to determine values of the magnetic flux and electromagnetic torque according to the current value in motor stator and load angle between the rotor direct-axis and axis of stator magnetomotive force (MMF). Experimental values of magnetic flux and electromagnetic torque are obtained on motor with locked rotor while equivalent direct current is applied to the stator windings. The research shows that the results obtained from the magnetic field calculations coincide well with the experimental data.
Evaluation of Signal Regeneration Impact on the Power Efficiency of Long-Haul DWDM Systems
Authors: Pavlovs D. , Bobrovs V. , Parfjonovs M. , Alsevska A. , Ivanovs G. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Due to potential economic benefits and expected environmental impact, the power consumption issue in wired networks has become a major challenge. Furthermore, continuously increasing global Internet traffic demands high spectral efficiency values. As a result, the relationship between spectral efficiency and energy consumption of telecommunication networks has become a popular topic of academic research over the past years, where a critical parameter is power efficiency. The present research contains calculation results that can be used by optical network designers and operators as guidance for developing more power efficient communication networks if the planned system falls within the scope of this paper. The research results are presented as average aggregated traffic curves that provide more flexible data for the systems with different spectrum availability. Further investigations could be needed in order to evaluate the parameters under consideration taking into account particular spectral parameters, e.g., the entire C-band.