bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of questions used by psychiatrists on therapeutic
alliance and adherence
Authors: Thompson Laura , Howes Christine , McCabe Rose 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundPsychiatrists' questions are the mechanism for achieving clinical
objectives and managing the formation of a therapeutic alliance –
consistently associated with patient adherence. No research has examined
the nature of this relationship and the different practices used in
psychiatry. Questions are typically defined in binary terms (e.g. ‘open’
v. ‘closed’) that may have limited application in
practice.AimsTo undertake a detailed examination of the types of questions
psychiatrists ask patients and explore their association with the
therapeutic alliance and patient adherence.MethodA coding protocol was developed to classify questions from 134
out-patient consultations, predominantly by syntactic form. Bivariate
correlations with measures of patient adherence and the therapeutic
alliance (psychiatrist-rated) were examined and assessed using
generalised estimating equations, adjusting for patient symptoms,
psychiatrist identity and amount of speech.ResultsPsychiatrists used only four of ten question types regularly: yes/no
auxiliary questions, ‘wh-’ questions, declarative questions and tag
questions. Only declarative questions predicted better adherence and
perceptions of the therapeutic relationship. Conversely, ‘wh-’ questions
– associated with positive symptoms – predicted poorer perceptions of the
therapeutic relationship. Declarative questions were frequently used to
propose an understanding of patients' experiences, in particular their
emotional salience for the patient.ConclusionsA refined defining of questioning practices is necessary to improve
communication in psychiatry. The use of declarative questions may enhance
alliance and adherence, or index their manifestation in talk, e.g. better
mutual understanding. The function of ‘so’-prefaced declaratives, also
used in psychotherapy, is more nuanced than negatively connotated
‘leading’ questions. Hearable as displays of empathy, they attend closely
to patient experience, while balancing the tasks of assessment and
treatment.
Evaluation of cumulative cognitive deficits from
electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Kirov George G. , Owen Laura , Ballard Hazel , Leighton Adele , Hannigan Kara , Llewellyn Danielle , Escott-Price Valentina , Atkins Maria 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective acute treatment for
severe depression, but widely held concerns about memory problems may
limit its use.AimsTo find out whether repeated or maintenance courses of ECT cause
cumulative cognitive deterioration.MethodAnalysis of the results of 10 years of cognitive performance data
collection from patients who have received ECT. The 199 patients had a
total of 498 assessments, undertaken after a mean of 15.3 ECT sessions
(range 0–186). A linear mixed-effect regression model was used, testing
whether an increasing number of ECT sessions leads to deterioration in
performance.ResultsThe total number of previous ECT sessions had no effect on cognitive
performance. The major factors affecting performance were age, followed
by the severity of depression at the time of testing and the number of
days since the last ECT session.ConclusionsRepeated courses of ECT do not lead to cumulative cognitive deficits.
This message is reassuring for patients, carers and prescribers who are
concerned about memory problems and confusion during ECT.
Longitudinal predictors of subjective recovery in psychosis
Authors: Law Heather , Shryane Nick , Bentall Richard P. , Morrison Anthony P. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundResearch has highlighted the importance of recovery as defined by the service user, and suggests a link to negative emotion, although little is known about the role of negative emotion in predicting subjective recovery.AimsTo investigate longitudinal predictors of variability in recovery scores with a focus on the role of negative emotion.MethodParticipants (n=110) with experience of psychosis completed measures of psychiatric symptoms, social functioning, subjective recovery, depression, hopelessness and self-esteem at baseline and 6 months later. Path analysis was used to examine predictive factors for recovery and negative emotion.ResultsSubjective recovery scores were predicted by negative emotion, positive self-esteem and hopelessness, and to a lesser extent by symptoms and functioning. Current recovery score was not predicted by past recovery score after accounting for past symptoms, current hopelessness and current positive self-esteem.ConclusionsPsychosocial factors and negative emotion appear to be the strongest longitudinal predictors of variation in subjective recovery, rather than psychiatric symptoms.
The role of the amygdala in naturalistic mentalising in typical development and in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Rosenblau Gabriela , Kliemann Dorit , Lemme Benjamin , Walter Henrik , Heekeren Hauke R. , Dziobek Isabel 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe substantial discrepancy between mentalising in experimental settings v. real-life social interactions hinders the understanding of the neural basis of real-life social cognition and of social impairments in psychiatric disorders.AimsTo determine the neural mechanisms underlying naturalistic mentalising in individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder.MethodWe investigated mentalising with a new video-based functional magnetic resonance imaging task in 20 individuals with autism spectrum disorder and 22 matched healthy controls.ResultsNaturalistic mentalising implicated regions of the traditional mentalising network (medial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction), and additionally the insula and amygdala. Moreover, amygdala activity predicted implicit mentalising performance on an independent behavioural task. Compared with controls, the autism spectrum disorder group did not show differences in neural activity within classical mentalising regions. They did, however, show reduced amygdala activity and a reduced correlation between amygdala activity and mentalising accuracy on the behavioural task, compared with controls.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the crucial role of the amygdala in making accurate implicit mental state inferences in typical development and in the social cognitive impairments of individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
On poverty, politics and psychology: the socioeconomic gradient of mental healthcare utilisation and outcomes
Authors: Delgadillo Jaime , Asaria Miqdad , Ali Shehzad , Gilbody Simon 
Published: January 2016

SummarySince 2008, the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme has disseminated evidence-based interventions for depression and anxiety problems. In order to maintain quality standards, government policy in England sets the expectation that 50% of treated patients should meet recovery criteria according to validated patient-reported outcome measures. Using national IAPT data, we found evidence suggesting that the prevalence of mental health problems is greater in poorer areas and that these areas had lower average recovery rates. After adjusting benchmarks for local index of multiple deprivation, we found significant differences between unadjusted (72.5%) and adjusted (43.1%) proportions of underperforming clinical commissioning group areas.
From reads to regions: a Bioconductor workflow to detect differential binding in ChIP-seq data
Authors: Lun Aaron T. L. , Smyth Gordon K. 
Published: January 2016

Chromatin immunoprecipitation with massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq) is widely used to identify the genomic binding sites for protein of interest. Most conventional approaches to ChIP-seq data analysis involve the detection of the absolute presence (or absence) of a binding site. However, an alternative strategy is to identify changes in the binding intensity between two biological conditions, i.e., differential binding (DB). This may yield more relevant results than conventional analyses, as changes in binding can be associated with the biological difference being investigated. The aim of this article is to facilitate the implementation of DB analyses, by comprehensively describing a computational workflow for the detection of DB regions from ChIP-seq data. The workflow is based primarily on R software packages from the open-source Bioconductor project and covers all steps of the analysis pipeline, from alignment of read sequences to interpretation and visualization of putative DB regions. In particular, detection of DB regions will be conducted using the counts for sliding windows from the csaw package, with statistical modelling performed using methods in the edgeR package. Analyses will be demonstrated on real histone mark and transcription factor data sets. This will provide readers with practical usage examples that can be applied in their own studies.
Perioperative sleep apnea: a real problem or did we invent a new disease?
Authors: Zaremba Sebastian , Mojica James E. , Eikermann Matthias 
Published: January 2016

Depending on the subpopulation, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can affect more than 75% of surgical patients. An increasing body of evidence supports the association between OSA and perioperative complications, but some data indicate important perioperative outcomes do not differ between patients with and without OSA. In this review we will provide an overview of the pathophysiology of sleep apnea and the risk factors for perioperative complications related to sleep apnea. We also discuss a clinical algorithm for the identification and management of OSA patients facing surgery.
Exploring the role that autonomy plays in achieving a good death: a case study
Authors: Brady Mike 
Published: January 2016

Currently patients at the end of life, for numerous reasons, often dial 999 when they experience many symptoms that can impact upon their current quality of life, such as pain and breathlessness. These calls regularly elicit a high priority paramedic response, which when taken in context, may be inappropriate, and can often lead to transportation to hospital, which itself can be inappropriate, and or delay in the most appropriate care required. This is worsened somewhat by sporadic or non-existent community palliative care coverage in various areas. The concept of autonomy is key to patient care, but arguably more so at the end of life. This article will review the available literature and recent evidence in the context of an anonymised case study, to highlight how patient and family autonomy can guide and support the decisions made by paramedics in these cases, and the benefits and challenges this autonomy brings, in the current social context of health care. This case study aims to didactically explore the concept of an autonomous good death through an anonymised example from practice. In doing so, it will explore the surrounding concepts of advanced decision making, do not actively resuscitate orders, mental capacity, a good death, and a good-enough-death, and how autonomy guides all of these areas of care. In doing so paramedics may be better able to respond to some of the challenges they face in clinical practice, while attempting to provide the most appropriate care at the most appropriate time to those at the end of life.
Prophylactic antibiotics in elective hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Hickson C. J. , Metcalfe D. , Elgohari S. , Oswald T. , Masters J. P. , Rymaszewska M. , Reed M. R. , Sprowson† A. P. 
Published: January 2016

Objectives We wanted to investigate regional variations in the organisms reported to be causing peri-prosthetic infections and to report on prophylaxis regimens currently in use across England. Methods Analysis of data routinely collected by Public Health England’s (PHE) national surgical site infection database on elective primary hip and knee arthroplasty procedures between April 2010 and March 2013 to investigate regional variations in causative organisms. A separate national survey of 145 hospital Trusts (groups of hospitals under local management) in England routinely performing primary hip and/or knee arthroplasty was carried out by standard email questionnaire. Results Analysis of 189 858 elective primary hip and knee arthroplasty procedures and 1116 surgical site infections found statistically significant variations for some causative organism between regions. There was a 100% response rate to the prophylaxis questionnaire that showed substantial variation between individual trust guidelines. A number of regimens currently in use are inconsistent with the best available evidence. Conclusions The approach towards antibiotic prophylaxis in elective arthroplasty nationwide reveals substantial variation without clear justification. Only seven causative organisms are responsible for 89% of infections affecting primary hip and knee arthroplasty, which cannot justify such widespread variation between prophylactic antibiotic policies. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:181–189.
Dynamic changes of body mass in patients with morbid obesity in the remote terms after gastric banding and gastric bypass.
Authors: Egiev Valeriy Nikolaevich , Mayorova Juliya Borisovna , Leont'eva Marina Sergeevna , Meleshko Anastasiya Vladimirovna 
Published: January 2016

Since January 2005 till December 2013 655 patients with morbid obesity were operated on, 457 (69,7%) from which, had gastric banding with using different models of regulating bandages: AMI (AMI, Austria), SAGB (Ethicon, USA), Lap Band (ALLEGRAN, USA). Gastric bypass was made to 198 patients, that made 30,3%. The degree of lowering of overweight in general is more after gastric bypass, than after gastric banding. At the same time during the period of 1–1,5 year the degree of lowering of overweight with women is the same after both the operation. The degree of lowering of overweight with men after gastric bypass is a little higher. In the period of 2–4 years the degree of lowering of overweight both with men and women after gastric bypass is higher. In 5 years men after gastric bypass actually lose weight better than after gastric banding. The men older than 40 years having BMI more than 40 kg/m2 after gastric banding lose weight worst of all. In the period of more than 5 years the women in the age group of 30–39 years having BMI more than 40 kg/m2 had better results after gastric bypass. The women older than 50 years having BMI more than 40 kg/m2 after gastric banding had the worst results.
Silent pituitary adenomas: review and clinical cases
Authors: Lipatenkova Anna Konstantinovna , Dzeranova Larisa Konstantinovna , Pigarova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Astaf'eva Ludmila Igorevna , Grigor'ev Andrey Yur'evich , Shishkina Ludmila Valentinovna , Cherebilo Vladislav Yur'evich , Ektova Anastasiya Pavlovna 
Published: January 2016

Silent, or clinically nonfunctioning adenomas are morphologically heterogeneous group, characterized by positive immunoreactivity for one or more hormones classically secreted by normal pituitary cells but without clinical expression. Although in some occasions enhanced or changed secretory activity can develop over time. According to immunoreactivity they are divided into "silent" gonado-, cortico-, somato -, mammo – and thyrotropinomas, oncocytomas, «zero-cell» tumors. All types of "silent" adenomas have different biological activity, secretory capacity and outcomes in the postoperative period. This series of clinical cases shows more «aggressiveness», a higher risk of relapse for "silent" cortico- and somatotropinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis of residual tissue can be used to identify patients with high risk of recurrence, to develop optimal treatment and follow-up.
Tracking changes in natural history collections utilization: A case study at the Museum of Southwestern Biology at the University of New Mexico
Authors: Abrahamson Bethany L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNatural history collections (NHCs) are used in many fields of study, but general knowledge regarding their uses is poor. Because of this, funding and support for NHCs frequently fluctuate. One way in which collections professionals can illustrate a collection’s contribution to a variety of fields is based on the collection’s history of use. Tracking NHC utilization through time can increase NHC value to others outside of the collection, allow for the analysis of changes in specimen-based research trends, and assist in effective collection management. This case study focuses on NHC usage records held by the Museum of Southwestern Biology (MSB), a currently growing university collection used in many research fields, and presents methods for quantifying collections utilization through time. Through an exploration of these data, this paper illustrates MSB’s growth and changes in research produced over time and offers explanations for the changes observed. Last, this study provides suggestions for how collections professionals can most greatly benefit from considering NHC records as a data source. Understanding NHC usage from “the collection’s perspective” provides a new way for NHC professionals to understand NHCs’ value in the context of the research it supports and demonstrates the importance of this key infrastructure to a broader audience.
Oddy Tests: Adding the Analytical Dimension
Authors: Beiner Gail Gali , Lavi Miriam , Seri Hadas , Rossin Anna , Lev Ovadia , Gun Jenny , Rabinovich Rivka 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The so-called “Oddy test” has gained popularity in art and archaeology collections because it is inexpensive to use, and the results are relatively easy to analyze. However, the method is also subjective and does not identify the pollutants. Here we present a modification to the traditional test that addresses these drawbacks and aims at providing solutions. Activated carbon was used to adsorb the volatile emissions generated within the standard Oddy test setup. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) desorbed from the activated carbon detected pollutants within a considerably shorter time frame than the traditional Oddy test and provided both qualitative and quantitative data. GC-MS analysis of volatiles off-gassed during the Oddy test provided information about the VOCs from local brands of materials commonly used for conservation and storage of objects in collections. The use of GC-MS analysis of volatiles improves the Oddy test in a fast, sensitive, and quantitative manner.
Accounting education and quality dimensions: A field research in Turkey<p>Muhasebe eğitimi ve kalite boyutları: Türkiye alan araştırması
Authors: Yücenurşen Mehmet , Bezirci Muhammet , Özpeynirci Rabia , Peker A. Aykut 
Published: January 2016

<p>Rules, regulations and operating characteristics regarding the accounting information system which they use during the life work are transferred to the individuals with the conception of lifelong learning in the accounting education. In this way, individuals acquires sufficient accounting information in their professional careers and professional exams. No doubt, the success is directly related to personal competencies of individuals and the quality of education received. The quality of accounting education is concerned with the level of realization of the expectations from the individuals who take or took accounting education. This study focuses on education quality dimensions referring to accounting education. The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature on the quality of accounting education by examining periodicals on the scope and quality of accounting education made in Turkey. In studies conducted in Turkey, it is investigated that the expectations of students and businesses from accounting education and the quality dimensions held by the universities such as the number of lecturers, course duration, and physical facilities.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Hayat boyu öğrenme anlayışı ile muhasebe eğitiminde, bireylere çalışma hayatı süresince kullanacakları, muhasebe bilgi sistemine ilişkin kural, yasal düzenleme ve işleyiş özellikleri aktarılmaktadır. Bu sayede bireyler profesyonel kariyerlerinde ve mesleki sınavlarda yeterli muhasebe bilgisi edinmektedir. Şüphesiz ki muhasebe eğitimi alan bireylerin profesyonel kariyerlerinde ve mesleki sınavlardaki başarısı kişisel yetkinlikler ve alınan eğitimin kalitesiyle doğrudan ilgilidir. Muhasebe eğitiminde kalite; muhasebe eğitimiyle hem eğitim alanların hem de muhasebe eğitimi almış kişilerden beklentilerin karşılanma düzeyiyle ilgilidir. Bu çalışmada muhasebe eğitimine değinilerek eğitimde kalite boyutları üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de yapılmış muhasebe eğitimi ve kalite kapsamında süreli yayınlar incelenerek muhasebe eğitim kalitesi üzerine literatüre katkı sağlanmasıdır. Türkiye’de yapılmış çalışmalarda öğrencilerin ve işletmelerin muhasebe eğitiminden beklentileri, üniversitelerin sahip olduğu öğretim üyesi, ders süreleri, ve fiziki imkanlar gibi kalite boyutlarının araştırıldığı görülmektedir.</p>
Compound-combination synchronization of chaos in identical and different orders chaotic systems
Authors: Ojo K. S. , Njah A. N. , Olusola O. I. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper proposes a new synchronization scheme called compound-combination synchronization. The scheme is investigated using six chaotic Josephson junctions evolving from different initial conditions based on the drive-response configuration via the active backstepping technique. The technique is applied to achieve compound-combination synchronization of: (i) six identical third order resistive-capacitive-inductive-shunted Josepshon junctions (RCLSJJs) (with three as drive and three as response systems); (ii) three third order RCLSJJs (as drive systems) and three second order resistive-capacitive-shunted Josepshon junctions (RCSJJs (as response systems). In each case, sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability for compound-combination synchronization to any desired scaling factors are achieved. Numerical simulations are employed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the compound-combination synchronization scheme. The result shows that this scheme could be used to vary the junction signal to any desired level and also give a better insight into synchronization in biological systems wherein different organs of different dynamical structures and orders are involved. The scheme could also provide high security in information transmission due to the complexity of its dynamical formulation.