bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition and Crowd-Out for Brand Keywords in Sponsored Search
Authors: Simonov Andrey , Nosko Chris , Rao Justin M. 
Published: January 2018

On search keywords with trademarked terms, the brand owner (“focal brand”) and other relevant firms compete for consumers. For the focal brand, paid clicks have a direct substitute in the organic links below the paid ad(s). The proximity of this substitute depends on whether competing firms are aggressively bidding to siphon off traffic. We study the returns to focal brands and competitors using large-scale experiments on Bing with data from thousands of brands. When no competitors are present, we find a positive, statistically significant impact of brand ads of 1%–4%, with larger brands having a smaller causal effect. In this case, the effective “cost per incremental click” is significantly higher than what focal brands typically pay on other keywords. When the focal brand ad is present, competitors in paid positions 2–4 can “steal” 1%–5% of the focal brand’s clicks and raise its costs by shifting traffic to the paid link. Finally, for a set of brands that face competition on their brand search but choose not to advertise, competitors “steal” 18%–42% of clicks, suggesting a strong causal effect of position. Under such position effects, we find the return on investment on defensive advertising to be strongly positive. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1065 .
Strategic Selection of Risk Models and Bank Capital Regulation
Authors: Colliard Jean-Edouard 
Published: January 2018

The regulatory use of banks’ internal models makes capital requirements more risk sensitive but invites regulatory arbitrage. I develop a framework to study bank regulation with strategic selection of risk models. A bank supervisor can discourage arbitrage by auditing risk models and implements capital ratios less risk sensitive than in the first-best to reduce auditing costs. The optimal capital ratios of a national supervisor can be different from those set by supranational authorities, in which case the supervisor optimally tolerates biased models. I discuss the empirical implications of this “hidden model” problem, and policy answers such as leverage ratios and more reliance on backtesting mechanisms. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2898 . This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Stochastic Runway Scheduling
Authors: Solak Senay , Solveling Gustaf , Clarke John-Paul B. , Johnson Ellis L. 
Published: January 2018

Runway scheduling deals with the sequencing of arriving and departing aircraft at airports such that a predefined objective is optimized subject to several operational constraints. Different from the existing deterministic approaches in the literature, we consider a new approach to the stochastic version of this problem within the general context of machine scheduling problems. As part of our analysis, we first show that a restricted version of the stochastic runway-scheduling problem is equivalent to a machine-scheduling problem on a single machine with sequence-dependent setup times and stochastic due dates. We then extend this restricted model by considering characteristics specific to the runway-scheduling problem and present two different stochastic integer programming models. We derive some tight valid inequalities for these formulations and propose a solution methodology based on sample average approximation and Lagrangian-based scenario decomposition. Realistic data sets are then used to perform a detailed computational study involving implementations and analyses of several different configurations of the models. The results from the computational tests indicate that truncated versions of the proposed solution algorithm, where the best solution is reported after short run times, almost always produce very high-quality solutions, implying that the proposed stochastic approach to runway scheduling is likely to be practically implementable with potential value over current practice or deterministic models. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0784 .
The importance of recording mental health history – a case report
Authors: Mills Ian James , Barker Sarah , Renton Tara 
Published: January 2018

Until recently, dentists were not trained in psychology and access to education in psychiatry and mental health remained limited within the dental curriculum. A major obstacle for integrating mental health initiatives into primary healthcare services is the lack of consensus on a definition of mental health. Currently, there is widespread use of the term ‘mental health’ as a euphemism for ‘mental illness’. Mental health can be defined as the absence of mental disease, or it can be defined as a state of being that also includes the biological, psychological or social factors which contribute to an individual's mental state and ability to function within the environment. This lack of consensus on the definition of mental health has implications for research, policy and practice. Mental health issues will impact significantly upon many aspects of patients' health, including: seeking care, presentation, compliance with treatment and providing additional complexities in delivering routine care. Significant issues can arise in relation to routine care but, as dental procedures become more complex in their delivery and maintenance, the impact of undiagnosed mental health issues are likely to increase in prevalence and impact not only on individual patients but also their treating clinicians. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case report provides an account of a case where early identification of the patient's mental health status may have prevented significant post-treatment sequelae.
Aspiration of dental impression material – a case report
Authors: Bateman Geoffrey , Saha Shuva 
Published: January 2018

Aspiration of dental impression material is a rare but potentially serious complication of routine care. Prior to this case report the authors found three other reports of impression material aspiration. The following report describes the presentation, management and sequelae of a case. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Routine impression-taking is a procedure with some risk, albeit low, in vulnerable patients and all dental operators should attempt to reduce risk and refer urgently where they suspect adverse outcome.
A representação dos Povos Indígenas em livros didáticos de Língua Portuguesa
Authors: Santana Cunha Rejane Cristine , Sousa Irlena Moreira Lopes de , Bastos Valdete Venturote 
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo verificar em dois materiais didáticos de língua portuguesa do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, a abordagem realizada acerca do ensino de história, línguas e culturas indígenas em sala de aula; e discutir posturas pedagógicas de valorização à diversidade étnica. Como embasamento teórico, nos apoiamos em Stuart Hall (2011) e Tomaz Tadeu (2011) para um suporte concernente às discussões sobre cultura e identidade; Moita Lopes (2003), Rajagopalan (2003) que nos traz uma abordagem sobre a linguística aplicada para o ensino de língua na perspectiva político-cultural; os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais – PCN (1998) que evidencia a inserção da temática etnicorracial no contexto escolar. Com as análises realizadas nas questões propostas pelos livros didáticos, detectamos caminhos que possibilitam reflexão e compreensão acerca da identidade e diferença sobre as culturas indígenas, ao contexto histórico de suas línguas, bem como o legado linguístico-cultural na formação do povo brasileiro, aspectos, esses, relevantes para discussão no contexto escolar. Palavras-chave: Materiais didáticos. Identidade. Povos Indígenas.
Język w modelowaniu relacji dziecko–dorosły w tekstach popularnonaukowych dla najmłodszych
Authors: Bortliczek Małgorzata 
Published: January 2018

The article is composed of four parts where the linguistic manners of marking a sender’s and an addressee’s occurrence are analyzed. The following aspects of narrations are described in the subsequent parts of the draft such as defining in an accessible way, developing an illusion of conversation, implementing colloquial metaphors (to expose the vividness of the discourse). There is also an avoidance of learning asymmetry between a sender (a popularizer of knowledge) and an addressee with the help of small number of terms and open manner of their explanation as well as adherence to the verbal etiquette and simultaneous implementation of the direct expressions for the addressee. To summarize, senders of the scientific texts for children pay attention, among others, to the realization of such language features as the accessibility, vividness and dialogue.
Między konwencją a inwencją. Osobliwości językowe w listach abpa Adama Sapiehy skierowanych do prymasa Augusta Hlonda
Authors: Sieradzka Paulina 
Published: January 2018

In this text the stylistic features of Polish letters of Archbishop Adam Sapieha addressed to the Primate August Hlond. To these letters, the author arrived, by inquiring in Archdiocesan Archives in Gniezno. The relevant subject of the article is five puzzling expressions in terms of usage, meaning and construction. The first example: a coterie is a single lex, the other four: real rape, journalistic nerve, thick gloves and operettas performances are constant expressions. As demonstrated by the analysis of the occurence of words and the analysis of expressions, the word coterie reveals the pejorative relation of the speaker to the circumstances described. The expression of real rape is an idiolectic metaphor and the expression of journalistic nerve is a phraseological modification. The phrase to put thick gloves as well as the expression of operetta performances are contaminations. They prove the existence of Sapieha’s individual language and the efforts of the sender of the letters to make the word and its meaning as complete as possible.
Sposoby nobilitowania polityków w wybranych tekstach prasowych
Authors: Bryła Władysława , Bryła-Cruz Agnieszka 
Published: January 2018

The article deals with linguistic exponents of ennobling politicians in the press. The authors emphasize the coexistence of graphic elements (photos and colours) with verbal ones, i.e. lexis, grammatical categories and the following ways of argumentation: the legitimization of one’s own function, assuming the pose of dominance, steering a conversation and the functioning of the aureole effect.
Славяно-турецкое языковое и культурное взаимодействие (на материале хамаилов литовских татар)
Authors: Мишкинене Галина 
Published: January 2018

One of the most common genre varieties of literary heritage of Lithuanian Tatars is the chamails. Due to their content, chamails are divided into two groups: prayer’s, intended for imams, and so-called faldjey’s, which besides prayers and descriptions of rituals includes materials on the Muslim chronology, advices on the treatment of diseases with the help of prayers, interpretation of dreams, magic texts. Unbelievable value for researchers represents chamails, in which most of the eastern texts of ritual content and prayers are accompanied by an interlinear translation into Belarusian / Polish language.The translated texts from the manuscript (signature 3246 ar.), stored at the Manuscripts and Rare Book Department of the Scientific Library of Kazan Federal University, and manuscripts (signature No. 869) from the collection of professor A. Muhlinsky, stored at the Library of St. Petersburg University, is going to be the object of the comparative study.
Michael Faraday the educator - an essay to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Faraday’s Death
Authors: Szydło Zbigniew A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Michael Faraday (1791-1867) is renowned for his outstanding contribution to science and technology during the first half of the nineteenth century. However, he is less well known for his contribution to education. In the present paper, an outline of Faraday’s own education is presented, and how this experience inspired him to pass on his knowledge to others. This was mainly achieved through his popular science lectures - Chemical History of a Candle, delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, in London on 19 occasions between 1825 and 1860, and through his popular textbook for students: Chemical Manipulation (London, 1828). The author examines Faraday’s methodology of teaching chemistry by analysing a fragment of one of his lectures, and also by summarizing the content of Chemical Manipulation, and commenting on some excerpts from it. Using Faraday’s approach to chemistry education as a model, the author challenges today’s chemistry teaching programme for schools, and makes a suggestion for its improvement.
Stories with microorganisms…
Authors: Nowak Andrzej , Nowak Maciej J. , Cybulska Krystyna 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Microorganisms, usually invisible for us, accompany us always and everywhere. Often we do not realize how decisive its impact on our lives is, how much we use their presence, which of our troubles are the result of their actions, and also how surprising effects result from their activity. Microorganisms also very often play a decisive role in the development of societies, politics and history. One of the most spectacular interventions of micro-organisms in human history include the example of a false “oil fever” that exploded in Australia in the second half of the nineteenth century. It was even more significant to redirect Europe's history in the new direction as a result of the “black death” epidemic in the fourteenth century. Microorganisms have created social conditions for the transition to the next epoch - renaissance, which forms the basis of today's shape. Because of the microorganisms J.F. Kennedy could have been in the 1960 President of the United States of America and to direct her development in the new direction and to stop Khrushchev's expansion into the second hemisphere. Microorganisms, not leaders and generals, won battles and wars. It was Rikketsia prowazeki, not the genius of the opponents, that broke Napoleon's power in Europe. Microorganisms fight disease, improving quality of life and prolonging its period. They allowed to control rabies and numerous infectious diseases. In the economy for the cause of microorganisms, powerful monopolies fell. Bacteria were also used to protect civilians in Poland during World War II. There are many similar stories to tell, stories in which microorganisms play an essential role. But would these stories be about microorganisms only? Or perhaps about people who were fascinated by the microscopic world of microbes discovered his secrets, meaning and ... beauty.
Biocatalytic reduction of ketones in a secondary school laboratory
Authors: Lacušková Dominika , Drozdíková Anna 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBiocatalysis is one of the most important industrial methods which has been increasingly attracting attention of scientists as a new and environmentally acceptable method. It is used in the preparation of chiral alcohols - important building blocks for the synthesis of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and analogues of natural substances. In biocatalysis the use of traditional chiral agents based on heavy metals has been replaced by the use of enzymes. In many cases, the number of reaction steps has been limited, the selectivity of the desired products has been increased while the negative impact on the environment has been reduced. The principles of biocatalysis have been applied by us to design a simple chemical experiment for the students of higher secondary education. The modified assignment of a lab task consisted of bioreduction of 4-nitroacetophenone using the enzymes present in plant tissues of carrot, parsley and white radish. Within our pedagogical research, the adequacy of the chemical experiment for secondary school students was examined and the extent of understanding of the green chemistry experiment was analysed by the method of a semi-structured interview.
Innovative educational course II: Modelling of odour dispersion from agricultural biogas plants
Authors: Loskot Jan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In recent years, the European Union is putting a growing emphasis on constructing agricultural biogas plants, especially in the Czech-Polish border region. In this region, there are large areas of agricultural land which can provide biomass as a substrate used in biogas plants. Biogas plants connected to cogeneration units are a useful renewable source of thermal and electrical energy, but they can cause also some problems. Probably the most serious issue is that inadequately technologically operated biogas plants are the source of unpleasant odour which may affect the surrounding population. Therefore, we prepared a continuation of our educational course focused on biogas plants intended for a study program “Physico-technical Measurements and Computer Technology” at the Faculty of Science at the University of Hradec Kralove and for the education of internshipers from the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology at the University of Opole. In this part of the course, the students will learn about the problems with odour released from inadequately technologically operated biogas plants and about the ways how to measure and model the odour contamination in the vicinity of the odour source. An important part of this educational course is a practical exercise on the mathematical modelling of odour contamination from an inadequately technologically operated agricultural biogas plant. Thus, the students will be able to perform the odour modelling using the SYMOS’97 methodology which is approved and used as an official tool for air pollution modelling in the Czech Republic. Students will learn that a biogas plant which is well-operated and correctly located in relation to local hydrometeorological conditions does not annoy local residents by odour.
The Influence of Pyrolitic Degradation on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fibres within Recycling Composite Materials
Authors: Návrat Michal , Závada Jaroslav , Glogarová Veronika 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article deals with the influence of thermal pyrolytic degradation on mechanical properties of carbon fibres used in the production of composite material. The carbon fibre has been chosen as the reinforcement of composite and the resin formed a matrix (binder). During the pyrolysis process, the resin was eliminated and the carbon fibre was separated. Pyrolysis was carried out at temperatures of 450 °C, 550 °C and 650 °C. Subsequently also tensile tests were performed on the treated material to compare the mechanical properties of the fibres prior to pyrolysis and after decomposition. The results showed negative influence at the selected temperatures during the pyrolysis treatment on the mechanical properties of the carbon fibres.
Artificial Recharge – Measurement of Soil Infiltration in Rožnov Pod Radhoštěm
Authors: Chromíková Jitka , Heviánková Silvie , Kyncl Miroslav , Korabík Michal , Marschalko Marian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential for infiltration in a study area – Rožnov pod Radhoštěm, the Czech Republic. The results are important for the future design of an artificial recharge structure as a method to store water underground in times of water surplus. A total of six measurements of infiltration were made using a double ring infiltrometer on selected prospective sites for the future application of artificial recharge. The results of infiltration tests were analysed based on the Philip’s model. The steady soil infiltration rates ranged from 28 cm∙h−1to 70.38 cm∙h−1and the cumulative soil infiltration ranged from 58 cm to 68 cm.
Morphology of Emoleptalea nwanedi n. sp. from Schilbe intermedius from Nwanedi-Luphephe Dam, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: King P. H. , Smit W. J. , Baker C. , Luus-Powell W. J. 
Published: January 2018

Summary
A new species, Emoleptalea nwanedi n. sp. is described from the intestine of Schilbe intermedius, the silver catfish or butter barbel, from the Nwanedi-Luphephe Dam in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Fish were collected using gill nets where after they were euthanised and dissected. The parasites were sampled, fixed in 70 % EtOH and stained with Van Cleave’s haematoxylin. This species represents an addition to the African cluster of Emoleptalea species previously described and differs from the known species due to its unique size, equal size of oral and ventral suckers, position of ovary and seminal receptacle, number of vitelline follicles and their size, as well as the unique ciliated receptors on the wall of the acetabulum. This is the first record of this parasite from the silver catfish and from southern Africa.
Cultural Identities in Sustaining Religious Communities in the Arctic Region: An Ethnographic Analysis of Religiosity from the Northern Viewpoint
Authors: Yeasmin Nafisa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNorthern countries are facing the challenges of declining human capital, and admitting immigrants, many of whom belong to religious minorities, to satisfy the demand for labour. If northern societies accept multiculturalism and immigrants, they should not disregard the cultures and religious practices (for example, ritual slaughter) of immigrants, as they need to survive and integrate as a minority community in a secular society. However, there is clash between secularism and religions permitting animal slaughter, which is prohibited by some and allowed by other European countries. Community viability and sustainability depend partly on the exercise of community beliefs and ideology that support identity behaviour. This study will present an ethnographic analysis of the religiosity related to ritual slaughter and Muslim cultural identity in the European Arctic region and explore how religious relativism and practice sustain the community and support the overall integration of the Muslim minority in the North.
The Modified Otago Exercises Prevent Grip Strength Deterioration Among Older Fallers in the Malaysian Falls Assessment and Intervention Trial (MyFAIT)
Authors: Liew Lin Kiat , Tan Maw Pin , Tan Pey June , Mat Sumaiyah , Majid Lokman A. , Hill Keith D. , Mazlan Mazlina 
Published: January 2018

Background and Purpose:
Exercise-based interventions, such as the Otago Exercise Program (OEP), are effective in preventing falls in the older adult. Previous studies evaluating the OEP have determined falls, lower limb strength, or balance outcomes but with lack of assessment of hand grip strength. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of OEP on hand grip strength alongside mobility and balance outcomes.

Methods:
This was a single-center, prospective, and single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted at the University Malaya Medical Centre. Patients older than 65 years presenting to the hospital emergency department or geriatric clinic with 1 injurious fall or 2 falls in the past year and with impaired functional mobility were included in the study. The intervention group received a modified OEP intervention (n = 34) for 3 months, while the control group received conventional care (n = 33). All participants were assessed at baseline and 6 months.

Results:
Twenty-four participants in both OEP and control groups completed the 6-month follow-up assessments. Within-group analyses revealed no difference in grip strength in the OEP group (P = 1.00, right hand; P = .55, left hand), with significant deterioration in grip strength in the control group (P = .01, right hand; P = .005, left hand). Change in grip strength over 6 months significantly favored the OEP group (P = .047, right hand; P = .004, left hand). Significant improvements were also observed in mobility and balance in the OEP group.

Conclusions:
In addition to benefits in mobility and balance, the OEP also prevents deterioration in upper limb strength. Additional benefits of exercise interventions for secondary prevention of falls in term of sarcopenia and frailty should also be evaluated in the future.