bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity of three formulations of Beauveria bassiana and efficacy of autoinoculation devices and sterile fruit fly males for dissemination of conidia for the control of Ceratitis capitata
Authors: Toledo Jorge , Flores Salvador , Campos Sergio , Villaseñor Antonio , Enkerlin Walther , Liedo Pablo , Valle Álvaro , Montoya Pablo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study reports the pathogenicity of three formulations of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales) – Bb‐ET, GHA, and Bb‐AES – and their application in panel‐type and cylinder‐type autoinoculation devices, and using sterile males as vectors for the control of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in coffee‐producing areas of the Central Highlands of Guatemala. Using sterile adults of C. capitata under laboratory bioassays, mean lethal concentrations (LC50) of 1.4 × 107, 2.4 × 106, and 8.2 × 105 conidia ml−1, and median survival times of 4.1 ± 0.1, 4.2 ± 0.1, and 3.8 ± 0.1 days, were recorded for the strains GHA, Bb‐AES, and Bb‐ET, respectively. These values indicate that the three strains were sufficiently pathogenic and that their period of biological activity was considered adequate for using sterile flies as vectors of the inoculum. Observed percentages of sporulated wild C. capitata flies were 57.3, 44.7, and 44.3% for sterile fly vectors, panel devices, and cylinder devices, respectively. The total population reduction at the end of the study period was over 90% for the three treatments. Our results show that sterile males used as vectors or disseminator devices may represent a new control method for area‐wide integrated management of Mediterranean fruit flies. The potential of this new approach and its integration with other control methods, including the sterile insect technique, is discussed.
Linkages between nectaring and oviposition preferences of Manduca sexta on two co‐blooming Datura species in the Sonoran Desert
Authors: SMITH GORDON P. , JOHNSON CHRISTOPHER A. , DAVIDOWITZ GOGGY , BRONSTEIN JUDITH L. 
Published: September 2017

1. The oviposition choices of phytophagous insects determine the environment that their offspring will experience, affecting both larval performance and host plant fitness. These choices, however, may be influenced by other activities, such as nectar foraging.2. In the Sonoran Desert, Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) oviposits primarily on the perennial herb Datura wrightii. It has been reported to oviposit on the smaller‐flowered, co‐blooming, sympatric annual Datura discolor as well. Datura is also M. sexta's most important source of nectar in this region. Nectaring and oviposition decisions thus determine M. sexta's reproductive success, as well as the relative benefits (pollination) and costs (herbivory) that each Datura species derives from this interaction.3. The nectaring and oviposition choices of adult M. sexta on these congeners were studied to investigate how nectar foraging influences oviposition. Larval performance on the two hosts was then assessed.4. Nectaring and oviposition were behaviourally linked, with M. sexta preferring the perennial D. wrightii as both a nectar source and larval host when given a choice between the two species. This preference disappeared, however, when only D. discolor bore flowers.5. In the laboratory, larvae developed at equal rates when fed D. wrightii or D. discolor leaves, but survival was higher on D. wrightii when larvae fed on intact plants.6. These findings suggest that while female preferences match larval performance in most cases, the link between nectaring and oviposition may at times bias moths to lay eggs on inferior larval hosts.
The Undergraduate Spanish Major Curriculum: Faculty, Alumni, and Student Perceptions
Authors: Hertel Tammy Jandrey , Dings Abby 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article presents the quantitative and qualitative results of a nationwide survey of the perceptions of faculty, alumni, and students regarding the contribution to the undergraduate Spanish major curriculum of various types of courses and experiences. Quantitative results indicated that all participants valued the importance of study abroad as well as advanced composition and grammar courses. Significant differences were found in the relative importance of other components of the undergraduate curriculum. While faculty tended to value traditional offerings such as literature and culture courses, alumni and students rated advanced conversation courses as most important. In addition, students and alumni rated translation and language for specific purposes courses significantly higher than faculty did. Qualitative analysis of the participants’ comments revealed a generalized tension between student and alumni emphasis on the need for courses that promote practical communicative skills vs. faculty emphasis on the development of critical thinking and cultural awareness alongside language skills. Implications are discussed, including the need to incorporate opportunities for speaking in courses at all levels and of all types, and the potential to involve students in discussions of curricular reform.
Effects of harvesting perennial ryegrass at different levels of herbage mass on voluntary intake and in vivo digestibility in sheep
Authors: Beecher M. , Baumont R. , O'Donovan M. , Boland T. M. , Aufrère J. , Fleming C. , Galvin N. , Lewis E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe production performance of herbage‐fed animals is affected by herbage voluntary dry‐matter intake (VDMI) and organic matter digestibility. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of herbage mass (HM) on in vivo herbage voluntary intake and digestibility in sheep. The three HM treatments were as follows: 1,100 kg dry matter (DM)/ha (low, L), 2,300 kg DM/ha (medium, M) and 3,700 kg DM/ha (high, H). The study was a Latin square design, repeated on two occasions in 2012: 24 May to 20 July (summer) and 21 July to 5 October (autumn). Twelve Texel wether sheep (individually housed) were offered fresh cut perennial ryegrass herbage for ad libitum consumption. Using the total faecal collection method, the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre was determined. In summer, L had a similar VDMI to M and both had a higher VDMI than H. In autumn, L had a higher VDMI than both M and H. For dry‐matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility, there was no significant difference between L and M, which were both higher than H. For every 1% increase in neutral detergent fibre digestibility, VDMI increased by 0.03 kg. In the zero‐grazing scenario examined, offering low (1,100 kg DM/ha) HM swards enabled animals to achieve high intakes of highly digestible herbage, which should ensure high animal production performance.
Pilot study for hepatitis virus screening among employees as an effective approach to encourage employees who screened positive to receive medical care in Japan
Authors: Sugiyama Aya , Fujii Toshiko , Nagashima Shintaro , Ohisa Masayuki , Yamamoto Chikako , Chuon Channarena , Akita Tomoyuki , Matsuo Junko , Katayama Keiko , Takahashi Kazuaki , Tanaka Junko 
Published: September 2017

AimCountermeasures against hepatitis B and C virus (HBV, HCV) infection at work sites in Japan have not yet been implemented. This study aimed to determine the status of viral hepatitis infection among employees in Japan.MethodsWe undertook a workplace‐based cross‐sectional study from 2011 to 2016 in Hiroshima, Japan. Hepatitis B virus and HCV markers were identified during a routine checkup of employees in 15 enterprises. The screening results were sent to employees directly and not to employers. A thorough examination of the participants who screened positive was encouraged by forwarding to them a referral letter by our research group to specialized medical institutions.ResultsOf the 3015 employees, 2420 (80.3%) underwent hepatitis virus screening. Of these, 13.8% had been screened for hepatitis virus before this survey. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen was 0.95% (n = 23; 95% confidence interval, 0.6–1.3%). The prevalence of hepatitis B core antibody was as high as 31.5% at age 60–69 years, and 41.5% at age 70 years and over. The HCV carrier rate was 0.45% (n = 11; 0.2–0.7%) and 54.5% of them had genotype 2. Thirty‐four carriers were detected, and 44.1% of them were detected for the first time; 53.3% of the newly detected carriers visited medical institutions with the referral, and underwent a periodic follow‐up or treatment.ConclusionPromoting hepatitis virus screening for employees may help detect carriers who are unaware of their infection and require treatment. Submitting the results to employees with a referral letter to medical institutions at the time of positive diagnosis may be effective.
Patient family advisors’ perspectives on engagement in health‐care quality improvement initiatives: Power and partnership
Authors: Goodridge Donna , Isinger Tanner , Rotter Thomas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundEngagement of the public in defining and shaping the organization and delivery of health care is increasingly viewed as integral to improving quality and promoting transparent decision making. Meaningful engagement of the public in health‐care reform is predicated on shifting entrenched power imbalances between health‐care systems and those it claims to serve.ObjectivesTo describe the expressions, forms and spaces of power from the perspectives of persons who participated as Patient/Family Advisors (PFAs) in Rapid Process Improvement Workshops (RPIWs) within Saskatchewan, Canada.MethodsUsing a qualitative, interpretive approach, in‐depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 18 PFAs who had participated in at least one RPIW over the past year. Deductive thematic analysis was informed by Gaventa's model of power.ResultsMotivations for serving as a PFA included a sense of obligation to contribute to the improvement of a public system, recognition of their rights as citizens within a publicly funded system and an opportunity to openly express their concerns where previous encounters had been very negative. The invited spaces of the RPIWs were created by policymakers to accord visible power to PFAs. Participation resulted in PFAs gaining new insights into the structure and operations of the system, affirmation of their right to advocate and recognition of the potential to claim spaces of power as consumers. Advisement on specific health‐care initiatives using the vehicle of PFAs shaped and promoted new forms and spaces of power, representing one step in a very long road to full engagement of consumers in health care.
Polypharmacy and use of potentially inappropriate medications in long-term care facilities: does coordinated primary care make a difference?
Authors: Andrew Melissa K , Purcell Chad A , Marshall Emily G , Varatharasan Nirupa , Clarke Barry , Bowles Susan K 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Polypharmacy is both common and harmful for frail residents of long-term care facilities (LTCF). We aimed to study rates of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) before and after the implementation of a new model of coordinated primary care in LTCF, ‘Care by Design (CBD)’.

Methods
This was an observational before/after study in 10 LTCFs in Halifax, NS, Canada. Chart reviews were conducted for 529 LTCF residents for whom medication use was available. Both regularly scheduled and PRN medications were included but topical, inhaled and other non-systemic agents were excluded. Polypharmacy was defined as the concomitant use of more than 10 medications. PIMs were identified using Beers Criteria.

Key findings
Mean age of LTCF residents was older pre- versus post-CBD (85.7 versus 82.1 years; P = 0.0015). The burden of polypharmacy was high, but decreased significantly from 86.8% pre-CBD to 79.5% post-CBD (P = 0.046). The mean number of medications per resident decreased from 16.7 (SD 5.6) pre- to 15.5 (SD 6.2) post-CBD (P = 0.037). Residents with dementia were taking fewer medications both overall and following the implementation of CBD (mean 15.9, SD 0.6 pre-CBD versus 14.4, SD 0.4 post-CBD; P = 0.04). PIM rates were high and showed no change with CBD (86.2% versus 81.1%, P = 0.16).

Conclusions
Polypharmacy was the norm of this sample of LTCF residents. Implementation of coordinated care through the CBD model was associated with a small decrease in polypharmacy but not overall use of PIMs. Further targeted efforts are required to substantially reduce both polypharmacy and PIMs in clinical practice.
Seed crystal of modified potassium sodium niobate prepared by simple molten salt synthesis
Authors: Rahman Attaur , Cho Kyung‐Hoon , Ahn Cheol‐Woo , Ryu Jungho , Choi Jong‐Jin , Kim Jong‐Woo , Yoon Woon‐Ha , Choi Joon‐Hwan , Park Dong‐Soo , Hahn Byung‐Dong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecently, an interesting phenomenon has been reported in (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN)‐based ceramics. That is the growth of huge grains (10‐30 mm) which is a kind of abnormal grain growth (AGG). It was also interesting that the huge grains showed the stack of plate‐type grains. Using one of those compositions, therefore, seed plates were synthesized by not topochemical reaction but simple molten salt synthesis (SMSS) which was a simple‐and‐cheap process. The calcined K0.4925Na0.4925Ba0.0165Nb0.998O3.004 (KNBN) powders and KF powders were heat‐treated at 1050°C‐1150°C. The seed crystals showed the (100)C‐oriented structure. The size of seed plates was smaller than 500 μm and one layer of a thin plate‐type grain might show the thickness of 50 nm. They might be useful as the seeds at RTGG or TGG process.
Comparison of hot pressing and spark plasma sintering in the densification behavior of indium tin oxide‐borosilicate glass composites
Authors: Rudzik Thomas J. , Gerhardt Rosario A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe goal of this study was to fabricate borosilicate glass matrix composites with high optical transmittance and high conductivity by forming percolated segregated networks of indium tin oxide (ITO) in the microstructure. ITO nanoparticles and borosilicate glass microspheres were mechanically mixed with ITO concentrations varying from 0 to 2.99 vol%. The mixes were then consolidated using either hot pressing (HP) or spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effects of changing sintering methods, along with varying other processing parameters such as heating rate, maximum temperature, and applied pressure, had surprising and unanticipated effects. Ac impedance spectroscopy (IS), SEM, and EDS results indicated the successful formation of a grain‐like microstructure of the sintered glass using both HP and SPS processing, with the ITO particles segregated to the boundary regions in all samples. IS results indicated percolation threshold values between 0.154 and 0.307 vol% ITO in the HP samples and between 0.307 and 0.764 vol% ITO in the SPS samples, with resistivities as low as 29 (Ω·cm) at 2.99 vol% ITO. Optical properties were dominated by impurities and light scattering at defects such as pores. Contrary to conventional belief, it was found that samples made using SPS required far higher temperatures to fully densify, with all other processing conditions being the same, compared with HP. This behavior was confirmed through repeat tests using different SPS equipment and a wide range of processing conditions.
Cr‐doped ZnAl2O4: Microwave solution route for ceramic nanoparticles from metalorganic complexes in minutes
Authors: Hebbar Deepak N. , Menon Samvit G. , Choudhari Khoobaram S. , Shivashankar Srinivasrao A. , Santhosh Chidangil , Kulkarni Suresh D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA combination of microwave irradiation and metalorganic precursors in solution was used for the synthesis of Cr:ZnAl2O4nanoparticles with high yields (~92%). Though the spinel phase is formed after ~40 minutes, 60 minutes of microwave irradiation was required for the complete transformation of precursors into the spinel. The as‐prepared material is nanocrystalline and phase‐pure and was subjected to annealing in air at different temperatures. Annealing improved the crystallinity, and the material turned pink at 1200°C. The structural and optical properties were investigated by XRD, HR‐TEM, FE‐SEM, FT‐IR, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The two bands in the excitation spectra (400 and 540 nm) became more intense as the annealing temperature was raised. The 400 nm band was asymmetric and consisted of two peaks, suggesting a trigonal distortion. The emission spectra consisted of a zero phonon line (ZPL), along with its associated multi‐phonon side bands. The high Dq/B (3.21) suggested the presence of Cr3+in a strong crystal field. With annealing, the emission lifetimes increased from ~7 to ~34 ms. This work demonstrates rapid, low‐temperature synthesis of a red‐emitting phosphor, with potential applications in bio‐imaging, sensors, and lighting.
An integrative review of the psychosocial facilitators and challenges of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Payk Marlene , Robinson Tracy , Davis Deborah , Atchan Marjorie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo use systematic methods to explore the psychosocial facilitators and challenges of insulin pump therapy among people with type 1 diabetes.BackgroundInsulin pump therapy is now widely accepted in the management of type 1 diabetes. Given the increasing use of insulin pumps, it is timely to review the evidence relating to the psychosocial impacts of this therapy which have not been addressed in previous reviews.DesignAn integrative review of the literature (January 2005–February 2017).Data sourcesA systematic search of electronic databases: CINAHL, Cochrane, Medline, PsycINFO and Scopus.Review methodsEmpirical literature reporting psychosocial facilitators and challenges of insulin pump therapy were eligible for inclusion. A constant comparative method was used to guide the review. Quality appraisal was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool Version 2011.ResultsThirty‐five potential articles identified from titles and abstracts were reviewed. Of these, 13 articles were included in the final review. Psychosocial facilitators of insulin pump therapy included the flexibility and freedom it provided for living with diabetes, enhancing social situations and daily management. In contrast, challenges included the demands of pump therapy, self‐consciousness in wearing the pump and fear of hypoglycaemia and pump failure.ConclusionFindings can be used by health professionals to inform people embarking on insulin pump therapy and prepare them with regard to expectations of the treatment. Further research is required to explore the role of diabetes health professional in providing psychosocial support to people with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy.
CEO inside debt and convertible bonds
Authors: Li Wei‐Hsien , Rhee S. Ghon , Shen Carl Hsin‐han 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe question whether convertible bonds are issued to combat the risk‐shifting problem is a subject of debate in the literature, primarily because of the unavailability of clear measures regarding managerial risk‐shifting incentives. Taking advantage of recently developed inside debt‐holding measures for CEOs, we find strong evidence in support of the risk‐shifting hypothesis. When a CEO holds a large amount of inside debt, three distinct patterns emerge: (i) the firm exhibits a lower ratio of outstanding convertibles to total debt; (ii) the firm is less likely to issue convertibles than straight debt; and (iii) the firm devises contract terms to decrease the chance of conversion when it issues convertibles.
Direct and maternal additive effects are not the main determinants of Iberian piglet perinatal mortality
Authors: Muñoz M. , Rodríguez M.C. , García‐Cortes L.A. , González A. , García‐Casco J.M. , Silió L. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryData of 127,800 Iberian piglets were used to study genetic parameters of mortality at birth at the piglet level. These records proceed from three data sets: 4,987 litter of 2,156 sows of a dam line, 2,768 litter of 817 sows of a complete diallel cross between four Iberian strains and 7,153 litter of 2,113 sows of the Torbiscal composite line. Perinatal mortality was considered as a binary trait, and Bayesian threshold animal models were fitted to separately analyse the three data sets. The posterior means of direct heritability were 0.010, 0.004 and 0.003, and those of maternal heritability were 0.034, 0.011 and 0.014 for dam line, diallel cross and Torbiscal line, respectively. Important effects of litter size and parity order were inferred in the three data sets, of within‐breed cross‐breeding parameters in the diallel cross and of sex and sow handling in the Torbiscal line Therefore, the inclusion of perinatal mortality in the objective of selection is questionable in this breed and strategies for reducing piglet mortality successful in other breeds should be considered.
Videodermoscopy and doppler‐ultrasound in spider naevi: towards a new classification?
Authors: Alegre‐Sánchez A. , Bernárdez C. , Fonda‐Pascual P. , Moreno‐Arrones O.M. , López‐Gutiérrez J.C. , Jaén‐Olasolo P. , Boixeda P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionSpider naevi (SN) are considered a subtype of telangiectasias, currently classified as low‐flow vascular malformations.ObjectiveTo describe the videodermoscopy and Doppler‐ultrasound (US) features of a large group of SN.Material and MethodsA retrospective study of cases of SN collected at our Dermatology department during the period between June 2015 and June 2017 was performed. Clinical images, dermoscopic, videodermoscopic and Doppler‐US files were reviewed. For each case, the age of the patient, time since onset, size and dermoscopic pattern of the lesions were recorded. The presence of pulsatility was also evaluated visually on the videodermoscopy.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐three SN in 189 patients were included. The mean age was 39.5 years (range: 10–76 years). Mean size of the lesions was 4.1 ± 2.0 mm. We described three dermoscopic patterns: network, star and looping. Older age, longer time since onset and larger size were found associated with higher frequency of the looping and star patterns compared to that of network pattern (P < 0.01). Pulsatility during videodermoscopy was found in 88 patients (37%). This pulsatility phenomenon was more commonly associated with the looping pattern (64.7%) than star‐ (40.3%) or network‐like patterns (29.9%) (P < 0.001). In Doppler‐US studies, a high‐flow with arterial biphasic waveform was found.ConclusionsIn the light of the results, we support that SN could be reconsidered in upcoming classifications as lesions closer to the group of high‐flow arteriovenous malformations.