bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Emergency Services Use by Patients With Recurrent Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kirchberger Inge , Amann Ute , Heier Margit , Thilo Christian , Peters Annette , Meisinger Christa 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Although emergency medical services (EMS) use is the recommended mode of transport in case of acute coronary symptoms, many people fail to use this service.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with EMS use in a population-based sample of German patients with recurrent acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods:
The sample consisted of 998 persons with a first and recurrent AMI, recruited from 1985 to 2011. Logistic regression modeling adjusted for sociodemographic, situational, and clinical variables, previous diseases, and presenting AMI symptoms was applied.

Results:
Emergency medical services was used by 48.8% of the patients at first, and 62.6% at recurrent AMI. In first AMI, higher age, history of hyperlipidemia, ST-segment elevation AMI, more than 4 presenting symptoms, symptom onset in daytime, and later year of AMI were significantly related with EMS use. Pain in the upper abdomen and pain between the shoulder blades were significantly less common in EMS users. In recurrent AMI, EMS use at first AMI, presence of any other symptom except chest pain, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and later year of AMI were significantly related with EMS use. Significant predictors of EMS use in recurrent AMI in patients who failed to use EMS at first AMI were unmarried, experience of any symptom except chest symptoms at reinfarction, bundle branch block (first AMI), any in-hospital complication (first AMI), longer duration between first and recurrent AMI, and later year of reinfarction.

Conclusions:
Patients with AMI and their significant others may profit by education about the benefits of EMS use.
The thyroid and breast cancer
Authors: Smyth Peter P.A. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
The female predominance of diseases of the thyroid and breast makes difficult the separation of an expected association with a causal linkage. This review will examine recent reports on associations between thyroid disease and breast cancer, comparing them with previous studies, with a view to elucidating what pointers are available to suggest either a common pathogenesis or novel thyroid-related therapeutic approach, which might arise from this association.

Recent findings
Reports on thyroid–breast cancer associations are reviewed under the following headings: breast cancer prevalence in different thyroid disorders and their effect on risk and outcome; the possible role of thyroid autoimmunity, thyroid enlargement, effect of radioactive iodine treatment, role of stable iodine, possible joint antigens sodium iodide transporter and thyroid peroxidase and thyroid–breast cancer coincidence.

Summary
Current studies on thyroid and breast cancer associations confirm earlier findings of the lack of definitive evidence of a causal relationship. The predominant relationship continues to be hypothyroidism or autoimmune thyroid disease perhaps contributing to increased breast cancer risk or outcomes. However, despite many studies and the findings of meta-analyses, elucidating the mechanisms underlying the association remains elusive. At present, there is little justification for utilizing thyroid insights as a possible therapeutic intervention in breast cancer.
Need for Lumbar Puncture in Children Younger Than 12 Months Presenting With Simple Febrile Seizure
Authors: Son Yu Yun , Kim Gun-Ha , Byeon Jung Hye , Eun So-Hee , Eun Baik-Lin 
Published: July 2016

Objectives
Recently, conflicting results have been reported regarding the necessity of routine lumbar puncture in children less than 12 months of age with simple febrile seizure. The aims of this study were to evaluate the results of lumbar puncture in children younger than 60 months of age with febrile seizure and to reassess the need for lumbar puncture in children younger than 12 months with simple febrile seizure.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed in patients younger than 60 months who presented with febrile seizure and underwent lumbar puncture from January 2005 to January 2015.

Results
A total of 1249 patients presenting with febrile seizure were admitted. Of these, 816 met inclusion criteria for presenting with simple febrile seizure. Lumbar puncture was performed in 75 patients (9.2%; age, mean ± SD, 12.05 ± 9.13 months; male/female, 31/44), who were reviewed. Sixty-six (88.0%) of 75 patients were younger than 12 months. Five patients (6.7%) showed pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid, and 4 of them were younger than 1 year of age. Three patients (4.0%) had bacterial meningitis and were 4, 8, and 12 months. Streptococcus pneumoniae (2 patients) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1 patient) were isolated in cerebrospinal fluid. Nobody had neurologic signs suggesting bacterial meningitis, and all of them completed scheduled immunizations and were up-to-date.

Conclusion
Lumbar puncture should be considered in every child younger than 12 months of age with a simple febrile seizure owing to lack of abnormal neurologic sign even if immunization is up-to-date.
Caretakers' Perspectives on Return Pediatric Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Augustine Erin M. , Kreling Barbara A. , Chamberlain James M. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives
Approximately 5% of pediatric patients return to the emergency department (ED) within 72 hours of initial evaluation. The goal of this study was to identify reasons for return visits from the caretaker perspective.

Methods
Two parent focus groups were conducted in November 2012. Parents were excluded from participation if the return visit was unrelated to the initial visit or the child was asked to return (e.g., wound check). The focus groups were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using a thematic content analysis approach.

Results
A total of 13 parents participated. Children were 10 months to 11 years of age (median, 3.1 years). Primary symptoms and diagnoses were related to respiratory (n = 6); gastrointestinal (n = 2); dermatologic (n = 2); musculoskeletal (n = 2); and ear, nose, throat and mouth diseases (n = 1). Return visits occurred 12 to 50 hours (median, 24 hours) after the initial visit. Reasons for return visits were divided into 4 domains: (1) the caretaker's response to the initial visit (e.g., dissatisfaction with medical staff, medical care, or information provided), (2) the child's illness (e.g., continued, worsening, or concerning symptoms), (3) the nature of the ED itself (e.g., subspecialist availability, convenient hours), and (4) follow-up care (e.g., lack of appointments with primary physicians or subspecialists).

Conclusions
Several of the reasons parents identify for return visits are within the locus of control of the ED, and several could be addressed by improving regional health care coordination. Surveys based on these themes will quantitate the reasons for return visits and prioritize future strategies to address the perceived need for return visits.
Behavioral Interventions to Prevent HIV Transmission and Acquisition for Transgender Women: A Critical Review
Authors: Garofalo Robert , Kuhns Lisa M. , Reisner Sari L. , Mimiaga Matthew J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
Worldwide, transgender women are at disproportionately higher risk of HIV infection, with the primary mode of infection being condomless anal intercourse. Although very few HIV prevention interventions have been developed and tested specifically for transgender women, growing evidence suggests that behavioral HIV risk reduction interventions for other marginalized groups are efficacious. We outline the current state of knowledge and areas in need of further development in this area.
State of the art of diagnosis of rickettsial diseases: the use of blood specimens for diagnosis of scrub typhus, spotted fever group rickettsiosis, and murine typhus
Authors: Paris Daniel H. , Dumler J. Stephen 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
With improved malaria control, acute undifferentiated febrile illness studies in tropical regions reveal a startling proportion of rickettsial illnesses, especially scrub typhus, murine typhus, and spotted fever group rickettsioses. Laboratory diagnosis of these infections evolved little over the past 40 years, but combinations of technologies like PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification, with refined rapid diagnostic tests and/or ELISA, are promising for guidance for early antirickettsial treatment.

Recent findings
The long-term reliance on serological tests – useful only late in rickettsial infections – has led to underdiagnosis, inappropriate therapies, and undocumented morbidity and mortality. Recent approaches integrate nucleic acid amplification and recombinant protein-based serological tests for diagnosing scrub typhus. Optimized using Bayesian latent class analyses, this strategy increases diagnostic confidence and enables early accurate diagnosis and treatment – a model to follow for lagging progress in murine typhus and spotted fever.

Summary
A laboratory diagnostic paradigm shift in rickettsial infections is evolving, with replacement of indirect immunofluorescence assay by the more objective ELISA coupled with nucleic acid amplification assays to expand the diagnostic window toward early infection intervals. This approach supports targeted antirickettsial therapy, reduces morbidity and mortality, and provides a robust evidence base for further development of diagnostics and vaccines.
Vesicosalpingo Fistula: A Case Presentation And Review of The Literature
Authors: Maloney Taylor G. , Kavanagh Alex , Khavari Rose 
Published: July 2016

Objectives
To describe a case presentation and perform a review of the literature on vesicosalpingo fistulas.

Methods
An otherwise healthy 32 year-old patient was referred to urology with symptoms of persistent abdominal bloating and urine leakage from the vagina after abdominal conversion of laparoscopic hysterectomy. Two fistula tracts were identified in the bladder during preoperative cystoscopy. The tracts were cannulated with temporary ureteral catheters, and the patient underwent a robotic-assisted laparoscopic repair of a vesicosalpingo and a vesicovaginal fistula.

Results
The patient was discharged on the first postoperative day with an indwelling urinary catheter. A follow-up cystogram performed on the 14th postoperative day demonstrated no evidence of extravasation. There was no evidence of recurrence at a 4-month follow-up visit. This is the first reported robot-assisted laparoscopic repair of a vesicosalpingo fistula and the fifth reported case of a vesicosalpingo fistula in the literature. This is the first reported case of separate vesicosalpingo and vesicovaginal fistulas presenting concurrently in a single patient.

Conclusions
This case presentation with 2 separate fistula tracts emanating from the bladder demonstrates the need to meticulously evaluate each individual fistula tract in order to successfully visualize and address all fistula tracts present in order to mitigate failures and the need for reoperation.
Respiratory failure because of neuromuscular disease
Authors: Howard Robin S. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
Understanding the mechanisms and abnormalities of respiratory function in neuromuscular disease is critical to supporting the patient and maintaining ventilation in the face of acute or chronic progressive impairment.

Recent findings
Retrospective clinical studies reviewing the care of patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome and myasthenia have shown a disturbingly high mortality following step-down from intensive care. This implies high dependency and rehabilitation management is failing despite evidence that delayed improvement can occur with long-term care. A variety of mechanisms of phrenic nerve impairment have been recognized with newer investigation techniques, including EMG and ultrasound. Specific treatment for progressive neuromuscular and muscle disease has been increasingly possible particularly for the treatment of myasthenia, metabolic myopathies, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. For those conditions without specific treatment, it has been increasingly possible to support ventilation in the domiciliary setting with newer techniques of noninvasive ventilation and better airway clearance. There remained several areas of vigorous debates, including the role for tracheostomy care and the place of respiratory muscle training and phrenic nerve/diaphragm pacing.

Summary
Recent studies and systematic reviews have defined criteria for anticipating, recognizing, and managing ventilatory failure because of acute neuromuscular disease. The care of patients requiring long-term noninvasive ventilatory support for chronic disorders has also evolved. This has resulted in significantly improved survival for patients requiring domiciliary ventilatory support.
Structural characterization of encapsulated ferritin provides insight into iron storage in bacterial nanocompartments
Authors: He Didi , Hughes Sam , Vanden-Hehir Sally , Georgiev Atanas , Altenbach Kirsten , Tarrant Emma , Mackay C. Logan , Waldron Kevin J. , Clarke David J. , Marles-Wright Jon 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFerritins are ubiquitous proteins that oxidise and store iron within a protein shell to protect cells from oxidative damage. We have characterized the structure and function of a new member of the ferritin superfamily that is sequestered within an encapsulin capsid. We show that this encapsulated ferritin (EncFtn) has two main alpha helices, which assemble in a metal dependent manner to form a ferroxidase centre at a dimer interface. EncFtn adopts an open decameric structure that is topologically distinct from other ferritins. While EncFtn acts as a ferroxidase, it cannot mineralize iron. Conversely, the encapsulin shell associates with iron, but is not enzymatically active, and we demonstrate that EncFtn must be housed within the encapsulin for iron storage. This encapsulin nanocompartment is widely distributed in bacteria and archaea and represents a distinct class of iron storage system where the oxidation and mineralization of iron are distributed between two proteins.
Differences in the rare variant spectrum among human populations
Authors: Mathieson Iain , Reich David 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMutations occur at vastly different rates across the genome, and populations, leading to differences in the spectrum of segregating polymorphisms. Here, we investigate variation in the rare variant spectrum in a sample of human genomes representing all major world populations. We find at least two distinct signatures of variation. One, consistent with a previously reported signature is characterized by an increased rate of TCC>TTC mutations in people from Western Eurasia and South Asia, likely related to differences in the rate, or efficiency of repair, of damage due to deamination of methylated guanine. We describe the geographic extent of this signature and show that it is detectable in the genomes of ancient, but not archaic humans. The second signature is private to certain Native American populations, and is concentrated at CpG sites. We show that this signature is not driven by differences in the CpG mutation rate, but is a result of the fact that highly mutable CpG sites are more likely to undergo multiple independent mutations across human populations, and the spectrum of such mutations is highly sensitive to recent demography. Both of these effects dramatically affect the spectrum of rare variants across human populations, and should be taken into account when using mutational clocks to make inference about demography.
Beyond spike-timing-dependent plasticity: a computational study of plasticity gradients across basal dendrites
Authors: Bono Jacopo , Clopath Claudia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSynaptic plasticity is thought to be the principal mechanism underlying learning in the brain. Models of plastic networks typically combine point neurons with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) as the learning rule. However, a point neuron does not capture the complexity of dendrites, which allow non-linear local processing of the synaptic inputs. Furthermore, experimental evidence suggests that STDP is not the only learning rule available to neurons. Implementing biophysically realistic neuron models, we studied how dendrites allow for multiple synaptic plasticity mechanisms to coexist in a single cell. In these models, we compared the conditions for STDP and for the synaptic strengthening by local dendritic spikes. We further explored how the connectivity between two cells is affected by these plasticity rules and the synaptic distributions. Finally, we show how memory retention in associative learning can be prolonged in networks of neurons with dendrites.
Investigating the readiness of people in manufacturing SMEs to embark on Lean Six Sigma projects
Authors: Shokri Alireza , Waring Teresa Shirley , Nabhani Farhad 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to focus on three fundamental human-related behaviour factors associated with Lean Six Sigma (LSS) projects in German manufacturing small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) on the readiness of people (managers and their staff) to commence LSS projects. These are core personal competence, strategic vision of the people and the organisational culture of the specific organisation.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on a thorough review of the academic literature a set of hypotheses were constructed to examine the level of association between people’s competence, vision and culture with LSS readiness within SMEs. This was done using correlation and regression analysis. Data collection were carried out in seven different German manufacturing SMEs involved in aerospace supply and agro-food manufacturing using a survey instrument.

Findings
– It was found that there is a strong positive association between the core competence of people and organisational culture with readiness for commencing LSS in the manufacturing SMEs studied. The core values of people, education level and the vision of making continuous quality improvement were identified as key variables in promoting LSS readiness in these manufacturing SMEs. This study indicates that these “softer” variables can be essential to successful LSS implementation and need to be explored further before undertaking the process.

Practical implications
– From the perspective of the implementers of LSS the results of this research could be of interest to different manufacturing SMEs intending to embark upon an LSS journey as it highlights the significance of human-related behavioural factors in the process. SME organisations may consider carrying out development or training with their managers and employees around personal and organisational values, addressing core competence and strengthening organisational culture in order to facilitate LSS readiness and enhance the prospect of its success.

Originality/value
– It would appear that this LSS research has not been carried out within the German manufacturing SME context before and although discrete in nature has surfaced the “softer” variables of core competence of staff and organisational culture as important readiness issues to address when undertaking LSS. This integrated approach of human behavioural factors, organisational culture, LSS and manufacturing SMEs demonstrates the originality of the research.
Supply-side resilience as practice bundles: a critical incident study
Authors: Dabhilkar Mandar , Birkie Seyoum Eshetu , Kaulio Matti 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize a typology of supply-side resilience capabilities and empirically validates these capabilities and their constituent bundles of practices.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study is primarily qualitative, employing the critical incident technique to collect data across 22 firms and seeking to validate how and why practice bundles form and relate to operations performance. It contains a frequency of occurrence analysis for the purpose of triangulation, a minor statistical part to provide some additional evidence of bundle formation and correlation between adoption of bundles of practices and recovered operations performance after upstream supply chain disruptions.

Findings
– Four supply-side resilience capabilities are conceptualized along two dichotomous dimensions – “proactive/reactive” and “internal/external” – in a 2×2 matrix as proactive-internal, proactive-external, reactive-internal and reactive-external resilience capabilities. Empirical support for the conceptualized typology is found. Bundles of specific practices that can be associated with each capability are identified. Moreover, the study finds a relationship between these practice bundles and recovered operations performance.

Research limitations/implications
– The statistical part is used just to provide some additional evidence through factor and regression analyses that these capabilities exist and do benefit adopting firms.

Practical implications
– Specifies practices that lead to recovered operations performance in the event of supply disruptions.

Originality/value
– Advances current theory by operationalizing resilience as a set of dynamic capabilities in terms of practice bundles that aid in recovering operations performance upon supply disruptions.
Enhancing sustainability curricula through faculty learning communities
Authors: Natkin Lisa W. , Kolbe Tammy 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
Although the number of higher education institutions adopting sustainability-focused faculty learning communities (FLCs) has grown, very few of these programs have published evaluation research. This paper aims to report findings from an evaluation of the University of Vermont’s (UVM’s) sustainability faculty fellows (SFF) program. It discusses how utilization-focused program evaluation is an important tool for developing and improving sustainability-focused FLCs. The SFF program aims to enhance sustainability education by bringing faculty members together to expand their knowledge of sustainability concepts and offer pedagogical support for integrating those concepts in higher education curricula.

Design/methodology/approach
A utilization-focused evaluation framework guided the evaluation’s design and implementation. Multiple methods were used to collect evaluation data, including in-person interviews and an online survey with SFF program participants.

Findings
The evaluation’s findings suggest that UVM’s SFF program expanded faculty understanding of sustainability concepts, encouraged curricular and instructional reform and made progress toward developing a community of faculty interested in sustainability education. The evaluation’s utilization focus was instrumental in providing useful information for improving the SFF program.

Originality/value
Evaluation findings expand what we know about the potential effectiveness of sustainability-focused FLCs, as well as challenges institutions might encounter when adopting such an approach to faculty development. Findings also point to ways in which utilization-focused evaluations can inform program development and improvement efforts.