bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of PIAS SUMO E3-Ligases in Cancer
Authors: Rabellino Andrea , Andreani Cristina , Scaglioni Pier Paolo 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
SUMOylation modifies the interactome, localization, activity, and lifespan of its target proteins. This process regulates several cellular machineries, including transcription, DNA damage repair, cell-cycle progression, and apoptosis. Accordingly, SUMOylation is critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and its deregulation leads to the corruption of a plethora of cellular processes that contribute to disease states. Among the proteins involved in SUMOylation, the protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) E3-ligases were initially described as transcriptional coregulators. Recent findings also indicate that they have a role in regulating protein stability and signaling transduction pathways. PIAS proteins interact with up to 60 cellular partners affecting several cellular processes, most notably immune regulation and DNA repair, but also cellular proliferation and survival. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about their role in tumorigenesis and cancer-related processes. Cancer Res; 77(7); 1542–7. ©2017 AACR.
First-in-Human Clinical Trial of Oral ONC201 in Patients with Refractory Solid Tumors
Authors: Stein Mark N. , Bertino Joseph R. , Kaufman Howard L. , Mayer Tina , Moss Rebecca , Silk Ann , Chan Nancy , Malhotra Jyoti , Rodriguez Lorna , Aisner Joseph , Aiken Robert D. , Haffty Bruce G. , DiPaola Robert S. , Saunders Tracie , Zloza Andrew , Damare Sherri , Beckett Yasmeen , Yu Bangning , Najmi Saltanat , Gabel Christian , Dickerson Siobhan , Zheng Ling , El-Deiry Wafik S. , Allen Joshua E. , Stogniew Martin , Oster Wolfgang , Mehnert Janice M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Purpose: ONC201 is a small-molecule selective antagonist of the G protein–coupled receptor DRD2 that is the founding member of the imipridone class of compounds. A first-in-human phase I study of ONC201 was conducted to determine its recommended phase II dose (RP2D).
Experimental Design: This open-label study treated 10 patients during dose escalation with histologically confirmed advanced solid tumors. Patients received ONC201 orally once every 3 weeks, defined as one cycle, at doses from 125 to 625 mg using an accelerated titration design. An additional 18 patients were treated at the RP2D in an expansion phase to collect additional safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic information.
Results: No grade &gt;1 drug-related adverse events occurred, and the RP2D was defined as 625 mg. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a Cmax of 1.5 to 7.5 μg/mL (∼3.9–19.4 μmol/L), mean half-life of 11.3 hours, and mean AUC of 37.7 h·μg/L. Pharmacodynamic assays demonstrated induction of caspase-cleaved keratin 18 and prolactin as serum biomarkers of apoptosis and DRD2 antagonism, respectively. No objective responses by RECIST were achieved; however, radiographic regression of several individual metastatic lesions was observed along with prolonged stable disease (&gt;9 cycles) in prostate and endometrial cancer patients.
Conclusions: ONC201 is a selective DRD2 antagonist that is well tolerated, achieves micromolar plasma concentrations, and is biologically active in advanced cancer patients when orally administered at 625 mg every 3 weeks. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4163–9. ©2017 AACR.
Pulmonary embolism and in situ pulmonary artery thrombosis in paediatrics
Authors: Rajpurkar Madhvi , Biss Tina T. , Amankwah Ernest K. , Martinez Denise , Williams Suzan , van Ommen C. Heleen , Goldenberg Neil A. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryData on paediatric pulmonary embolism (PE) are scarce. We sought to systematically review the current literature on childhood PE and conducted a search on paediatric PE via PubMed (1946–2013) and Embase (1980–2013). There was significant heterogeneity in reported data. Two patterns were noted: classic thromboembolic PE (TE-PE) and in situ pulmonary artery thrombosis (ISPAT). Mean age of presentation for TE-PE was 14.86 years, and 51% of cases were males. The commonest method for diagnosis of TE-PE was contrast CT with angiography (74% of patients). The diagnosis of TE-PE was often delayed. Although 85% of children with TE-PE had an elevated D-dimer at presentation, it was non-discriminatory for the diagnosis. In paediatric TE-PE, the prevalence of central venous catheters was 23%, immobilisation 38%, systemic infection 31% and obesity 13%, elevated Factor VIII or von Willebrand factor levels 27%, Protein C deficiency 17%, Factor V Leiden 14% and Protein S deficiency 7%. In patients with TE-PE, pharmacologic thrombolysis was used in 29%; unfractionated heparin was the most common initial anticoagulant treatment in 64% and low-molecular-weight heparins the most common follow-up treatment in 83%. Duration of anticoagulant therapy was variable and death was reported in 26% of TE-PE patients. In contrast to TE-PE, patients with ISPAT were not investigated systematically for presence of thrombophilia, had more surgical interventions as the initial management and were often treated with anti-platelet medications. This review summarises important data and identifies gaps in the knowledge of paediatric PE, which may help to design future studies.
ДЕТЕРМІНАНТИ ЗЛОВЖИВАННЯ АЛКОГОЛЕМ НАСЕЛЕННЯМ ЗАКАРПАТТЯ
Authors: Kruchanytsia V. V. 
Published: March 2017

Мета: дослідити детермінанти зловживання алкоголем населенням Закарпаття.Матеріали і методи. У роботі використано статистичний (дані галузевої статистичної звітності за 2010–2014 рр.) та соціологічний (опитано 400 жителів Закарпатської області) методи. Результати. Найважливішими соціальними детермінантами, які виступають факторами ризику розвитку алкоголізму у дорослого населення Закарпатської області (прямий сильний кореляційний зв’язок), є безробіття, самотність, несприятливий психологічний клімат у сім’ї (конфліктна сім’я), відсутність постійного місця проживання, а медичними, відповідно, ВІЛ-інфікування. До економічних детермінант розвитку алкоголізму із прямим сильним кореляційним зв’язком належать недостатність фінансів на найважливіші потреби родини (бідність), непостійний заробіток та наявність при собі надлишкових грошей.Висновки. Визначення детермінант розвитку алкоголізму серед дорослого населення Закарпатської області є основою для розробки комплексної регіональної програми профілактики алкоголізму.
Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Boulouis Grégoire , de Boysson Hubert , Zuber Mathieu , Guillevin Loïc , Meary Eric , Costalat Vincent , Pagnoux Christian , Naggara Olivier 
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose—
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system remains challenging. To report an overview and pictorial review of brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in adult primary angiitis of the central nervous system and to determine the distribution of parenchymal, meningeal, and vascular lesions in a large multicentric cohort.

Methods—
Adult patients from the French COVAC cohort (Cohort of Patients With Primary Vasculitis of the Central Nervous System), with biopsy or angiographically proven primary angiitis of the central nervous system and brain magnetic resonance imaging available at the time of diagnosis were included. A systematic imaging review was performed blinded to clinical data.

Results—

Sixty patients met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 45 years (±12.9). Patients initially presented focal deficit(s) (83%), headaches (53%), cognitive disorder (40%), and seizures (38.3%). The most common magnetic resonance imaging finding observed in 42% of patients was multiterritorial, bilateral, distal acute stroke lesions after small to medium artery distribution, with a predominant carotid circulation distribution. Hemorrhagic infarctions and parenchymal hemorrhages were also frequently found in the cohort (55%). Acute convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage was found in 26% of patients and 42% demonstrated pre-eminent leptomeningeal enhancement, which is found to be significantly more prevalent in biopsy-proven patients (60% versus 28%;
P
=0.04). Seven patients had tumor-like presentations. Seventy-seven percent of magnetic resonance angiographic studies were abnormal, revealing proximal/distal stenoses in 57% and 61% of patients, respectively.

Conclusions—
Adult primary angiitis of the central nervous system is a heterogenous disease, with multiterritorial, distal, and bilateral acute stroke being the most common pattern of parenchymal lesions found on magnetic resonance imaging. Our findings suggest a higher than previously thought prevalence of hemorrhagic transformation and other hemorrhagic manifestations.
An Approximation of the Error Backpropagation Algorithm in a Predictive
Coding Network with Local Hebbian Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Whittington James C. R. , Bogacz Rafal 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
To efficiently learn from feedback, cortical networks need to update synaptic weights on multiple levels of cortical hierarchy. An effective and well-known algorithm for computing such changes in synaptic weights is the error backpropagation algorithm. However, in this algorithm, the change in synaptic weights is a complex function of weights and activities of neurons not directly connected with the synapse being modified, whereas the changes in biological synapses are determined only by the activity of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. Several models have been proposed that approximate the backpropagation algorithm with local synaptic plasticity, but these models require complex external control over the network or relatively complex plasticity rules. Here we show that a network developed in the predictive coding framework can efficiently perform supervised learning fully autonomously, employing only simple local Hebbian plasticity. Furthermore, for certain parameters, the weight change in the predictive coding model converges to that of the backpropagation algorithm. This suggests that it is possible for cortical networks with simple Hebbian synaptic plasticity to implement efficient learning algorithms in which synapses in areas on multiple levels of hierarchy are modified to minimize the error on the output.
Comparison of Turbulence Indicators Obtained from In Situ Flight Data
Authors: Kim Soo-Hyun , Chun Hye-Yeong , Chan Pak Wai 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo indicators of turbulence—the eddy dissipation rate (EDR) and derived equivalent vertical gust velocity (DEVG)—are calculated using aircraft observations from Hong Kong–based airlines, whose aircraft included Boeing and Airbus models, for 39 months from February 2011 to April 2014. Characteristics of the two turbulence indicators that were calculated at 1-min intervals from the flight data are investigated. For Boeing and Airbus aircraft, there are large seasonal variations in the 90th and 99th percentiles of EDR and DEVG, whereas there are relatively small seasonal variations in the medians of EDR and DEVG. For the turbulence encounters estimated from EDR and DEVG, the authors compute their correlations for each level of turbulence and each type of aircraft. Strong correlations (larger than 0.7) occurred for all levels of turbulence encounters for Boeing aircraft, whereas relatively weak correlations (less than 0.5) occurred for Airbus aircraft. This difference is due to the different characteristics of recorded Boeing and Airbus aircraft data (the number of decimals and data sampling frequency). Based on correlation analyses, the authors construct the best-fit curves using mean EDR values for each DEVG bin and mean DEVG values for each EDR bin and obtain relationships between EDR and DEVG for Boeing and Airbus aircraft. The EDR and DEVG-derived EDR for moderate-or-greater-level turbulence are generally similar for Boeing aircraft.
Sources of Water Vapor to Economically Relevant Regions in Amazonia and the Effect of Deforestation
Authors: António Sumila Telmo Cosme , Pires Gabrielle Ferreira , Fontes Vitor Cunha , Costa Marcos Heil 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The Amazon rain forest helps regulate the regional humid climate. Understanding the effects of Amazon deforestation is important to preserve not only the climate, but also economic activities that depend on it, in particular, agricultural productivity and hydropower generation. This study calculates the source of water vapor contributing to the precipitation on economically relevant regions in Amazonia according to different scenarios of deforestation. These regions include the state of Mato Grosso, which produces about 9% of the global soybean production, and the basins of the Xingu and Madeira, with infrastructure under construction that will be capable to generate 20% of the electrical energy produced in Brazil. The results show that changes in rainfall after deforestation are stronger in regions nearest to the ocean and indicate the importance of the continental water vapor source to the precipitation over southern Amazonia. In the two more continental regions (Madeira and Mato Grosso), decreases in the source of water vapor in one region were offset by increases in contributions from other continental regions, whereas in the Xingu basin, which is closer to the ocean, this mechanism did not occur. As a conclusion, the geographic location of the region is an important determinant of the resiliency of the regional climate to deforestation-induced regional climate change. The more continental the geographic location, the less climate changes after deforestation.
Measurement of Antenna Patterns for Oceanographic Radars Using Aerial Drones
Authors: Washburn Libe , Romero Eduardo , Johnson Cyril , Emery Brian , Gotschalk Chris 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA new method is described employing small drone aircraft for antenna pattern measurements (APMs) of high-frequency (HF) oceanographic radars used for observing ocean surface currents. Previous studies have shown that accurate surface current measurements using HF radar require APMs. The APMs provide directional calibration of the receive antennas for direction-finding radars. In the absence of APMs, so-called ideal antenna patterns are assumed and these can differ substantially from measured patterns. Typically, APMs are obtained using small research vessels carrying radio signal sources or transponders in circular arcs around individual radar sites. This procedure is expensive because it requires seagoing technicians, a vessel, and other equipment necessary to support small-boat operations. Furthermore, adverse sea conditions and obstacles in the water can limit the ability of small vessels to conduct APMs. In contrast, it is shown that drone aircraft can successfully conduct APMs at much lower cost and in a broader range of sea states with comparable accuracy. Drone-based patterns can extend farther shoreward, since they are not affected by the surfzone, and thereby expand the range of bearings over which APMs are determined. This simplified process for obtaining APMs can lead to more frequent calibrations and improved surface current measurements.
Validation Study of Maternal Recall on Breastfeeding Duration 6 Years After Childbirth
Authors: Amissah Emma Ayorkor , Kancherla Vijaya , Ko Yi-An , Li Ruowei 
Published: March 2017

Background: Breastfeeding duration is an important indicator commonly measured in maternal and child health and nutrition research. Maternal short-term recall for both initiation and duration of breastfeeding has been shown to be valid; however, validity of long-term recall is not well understood. Research aim: This study aims to assess the validity of maternal recall of breastfeeding duration 6 years after childbirth and its association with sociodemographic factors. Methods: Among 635 mother–child pairs, breastfeeding duration data collected monthly throughout the 1st year after childbirth in the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (IFPS II) were compared to recall data obtained 6 years later during the Year 6 Follow-Up. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots were examined to study the agreement between the two data sets. Sociodemographic factors associated with accurate recall to within 1 month of the IFPS II breastfeeding duration were assessed using multivariable logistic regression modeling. Results: Maternal recall of breastfeeding duration was found to be valid 6 years after childbirth with a small median overall bias (1 week) toward overestimation. The overall concordance was high (ICC = 0.84), except for high school graduates (ICC = 0.63) and smokers (ICC = 0.61). Smokers (adjusted odds ratio = 0.52; 95% confidence interval [0.4, 0.8]) and multiparous women (adjusted odds ratio = 0.57; 95% confidence interval [0.4, 0.9]) were also less likely to give an accurate recall of their breastfeeding duration to within 1 month. Conclusion: Our study found that maternal recall of breastfeeding duration varies by sociodemographic factors but is accurate 6 years after childbirth.
Effects of Maternal Supplementation With Omega-3 Precursors on Human Milk Composition
Authors: Mazurier Evelyne , Rigourd Virginie , Perez Paul , Buffin Rachel , Couedelo Leslie , Vaysse Carole , Belcadi Wafae , Sitta Rémi , Nacka Fabienne , Lamireau Delphine , Cambonie Gilles , Picaud Jean-Charles , Billeaud Claude 
Published: March 2017

Background: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are important for newborn neurosensory development. Supplementation of breastfeeding mothers’ diets with omega-3 PUFAs, such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), may increase their concentration in human milk. Research aim: This study aimed to assess human milk composition after 15-day supplementation regimens containing either omega-3 PUFAs or olive oil, which does not provide ALA. Methods: A multicenter factorial randomized trial was conducted with four groups of breastfeeding women, with each group containing 19 to 22 women. After a 15-day ALA washout period, three groups received supplementation with omega-3 precursors for 15 days: an enriched margarine (M), a rapeseed oil (R), and a margarine and rapeseed oil (MR). The fourth was unexposed to omega-3 precursors (olive oil control diet, O). After 15 days, blind determination of human milk fatty acid (FA) composition was assessed by gas chromatography, and the FA composition was compared among groups using variance analyses. Results: Alpha-linolenic acid content, expressed as the mean (standard deviation) total human milk FA percentage, was significantly higher after diet supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs, with values of 2.2% (0.7%) (MR), 1.3% (0.5%) (R), 1.1% (0.4%) (M), and 0.8% (0.3%) (O at D30) ( p < .003 for each comparison). The lowest LA–ALA ratio (5.5) was found in the MR group ( p < .001). Docosahexaenoic acid and trans FA concentrations did not differ among groups. Conclusion: In lactating women, omega-3 supplementation via the combination of enriched margarine and rapeseed oil increased the ALA content of human milk and generated the most favorable LA–ALA ratio for LC-PUFA synthesis.
Predictors of Breastfeeding Initiation and Maintenance in an Integrated Healthcare Setting
Authors: Henninger Michelle L. , Irving Stephanie A. , Kauffman Tia L. , Kurosky Samantha K. , Rompala Kathryn , Thompson Mark G. , Sokolow Leslie Z. , Avalos Lyndsay Ammon , Ball Sarah W. , Shifflett Pat , Naleway Allison L. ,   on behalf of the Pregnancy and Influenza Project Workgroup
Published: March 2017

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding to age 6 months. Although breastfeeding rates in the United States have been increasing over time, further improvements are needed to meet Healthy People 2020 targets. Research aim: This study examined predictors of breastfeeding initiation and maintenance among a population of insured pregnant women. Methods: Participants were 1,149 pregnant women enrolled in the Pregnancy and Influenza Project in two Kaiser Permanente regions in 2010-2011. Data were collected through interviews at enrollment and 1 month and 6 months postpartum and through participants’ electronic medical records. Results: Nearly all (99%) women reported initiating breastfeeding. Rates of exclusive breastfeeding were 70% and 54% at 1 month and 6 months, respectively; an additional 22% and 23% of women reported supplementing breastfeeding with formula. Of the women who supplemented, the mean ( SD) infant age at formula introduction was 53 (62) days. Of those who had stopped breastfeeding, the mean ( SD) infant age at cessation was 85 (59) days. Higher maternal education level, better maternal self-rated health, prenatal folic acid use, absence of chronic medical conditions, and infant full-term birth were significantly associated with breastfeeding maintenance. Conclusion: Although rates of breastfeeding in this population were higher than national rates, a significant number of women stopped breastfeeding or introduced formula earlier than recommended. Two to 3 months postpartum may be a critical period warranting additional encouragement or intervention by healthcare providers. Mothers’ education attainment, maternal health factors, and gestational age at delivery may predict likelihood of breastfeeding maintenance.
“Don’t Judge a Book by Its Cover”: A Qualitative Study of Methadone Patients’ Experiences of Stigma
Authors: Woo Julia , Bhalerao Anuja , Bawor Monica , Bhatt Meha , Dennis Brittany , Mouravska Natalia , Zielinski Laura , Samaan Zainab 
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Despite its efficacy and widespread use, methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) continues to be widely stigmatized. Reducing the stigma surrounding MMT will help improve the accessibility, retention, and treatment outcomes in MMT. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 adults undergoing MMT. Thematic content analysis was used to identify overarching themes. Results: In total, 78% of participants reported having experienced stigma surrounding MMT. Common stereotypes associated with MMT patients included the following: methadone as a way to get high, incompetence, untrustworthiness, lack of willpower, and heroin junkies. Participants reported that stigma resulted in lower self-esteem; relationship conflicts; reluctance to initiate, access, or continue MMT; and distrust toward the health care system. Public awareness campaigns, education of health care workers, family therapy, and community meetings were cited as potential stigma-reduction strategies. Discussion and Conclusion: Stigma is a widespread and serious issue that adversely affects MMT patients’ quality of life and treatment. More efforts are needed to combat MMT-related stigma.