bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuromodulatory influences on propagation of brain waves along the unimodal-transmodal gradient
Authors: Maki-Marttunen Veronica , Nieuwenhuis Sander 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBrain activity fluctuates over time, and understanding the factors that influence such fluctuations is important to understand the flexible nature of the brain and cognition. Growing evidence suggests that fMRI brain activity shows spatio-temporal patterns of propagation following specific gradients. In particular, activity around global peaks propagates as a travelling wave following a gradient from unimodal to associative areas. Some properties of these travelling waves seem to be related to behavioral and arousal states, however their meaning remains unknown. Here we assess the possibility that travelling waves explain the finding that there are specific time points when the brain presents larger brain integration. We reasoned that a faster speed of propagation would be related to more brain integration as measured with fMRI. Furthermore, we explored whether increased pupil-linked arousal, which has been related to more integration in specific brain regions, would be increased during periods of whole brain propagation. To test these hypotheses, we detected brain travelling waves and characterized them in terms of speed, directionality and ratio. We compared these features between different task conditions, and after a pharmacological challenge affecting neuromodulatory tone. We then studied the relation between travelling wave speed, pupil size and a graph-based measure of brain integration. Our results suggest that neuromodulatory tone affects travelling wave propagation, and that this propagation reflects changes in arousal and integrated functional connectivity features. This study provides a novel view of brain dynamics in terms of the effects of neruomodulatory influences across time scales.
Gradual consolidation of skilled sequential movements in primary motor cortex of non-human primates
Authors: Ohbayashi Machiko , Picard Nathalie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExpert-level performance of sequential movements can be achieved through extensive practice. The primary motor cortex (M1) is suggested to play a key role in acquiring and retaining sequential movements, with evidence of reorganization in M1 following prolonged practice, such as changes in fMRI activation in humans and altered neuron activity in monkeys. Here, we examined the timeline of plastic changes in M1 of monkeys during learning of sequential movements. A challenge in studying a role of M1 in learning is that its inactivation impairs movement, masking learning processes. To address this, we used a protein synthesis inhibitor to disrupt memory consolidation in M1 during learning. Our results show that inhibiting protein synthesis in M1 disrupted memory-guided performance at all stages of learning, though the effect decreased with continued practice. This suggests that neural traces for sequential movements are repeatedly consolidated through protein synthesis, with the rate of consolidation slowing as learning progresses.TeaserThe neural traces for skilled sequential movements are repetitively consolidated through protein synthesis in the primary motor cortex of monkeys.
Resilience in emerging complex intelligent systems: A case study of search and rescue
Authors: Yu Youshan , Lakemond Nicolette , Holmberg Gunnar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming part of complex systems and critical infrastructures, perspectives on resilience may need to be revisited. This paper focuses on the challenges and approaches in engineering design for achieving resilience in complex and increasingly intelligent systems (CoIS). Building on a case study of a system situated in the context of search and rescue (SAR) operations at sea as well as scenarios of SAR operations supported by AI solutions, it outlines challenges for organisational and engineering design in contexts where flexibility, adaptability, and high reliability are important. The findings point at resilience as a system property, made up of the constituent systems, their interaction and coordination in a system‐of‐systems framework. AI and autonomy in CoIS represent potentially a double‐edged sword; while AI and autonomy contribute to system capabilities and resilience, they can also introduce limitations in terms of, for instance, confined operational envelopes. Achieving resilience in CoIS thus requires a holistic approach that considers constituent systems as well as their interplay, organisational factors, and the judicious balance of AI and human‐based solutions.
Thinking like a mountain: A land ethical approach to healthcare resource allocation
Authors: Wardrope Alistair 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHuman activity is now having a defining influence on global systems. The Anthropocene epoch requires revisiting our ethical presuppositions to understand our relationship to the earth's life support systems. The Land Ethic of Aldo Leopold proposes an ethic that is diachronic, holistic, and biocentric, in contrast to the synchronic, individualist, and anthropocentric axioms of mainstream bioethics. I argue that these features of the Land Ethic make it more suitable to engage with the ethics of healthcare resource allocation in the Anthropocene; that understanding sustainability in a Land Ethical fashion requires that we view it as placing a side‐constraint on all permissible healthcare resource use such that this use remains within planetary boundaries; and outline how this might re‐shape debates around healthcare resource allocation.
Articulating the ‘How’ of Social Return on Investment: Foregrounding the Plural and Pluralizing Character of Its ‘Moments of Judgment’
Authors: Warren Rebecca , Carter David , Glynos Jason , Voutyras Savvas 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSocial accounting practices attribute value to an organization's activities beyond traditional economic conceptions of success. In assessing the merit of such practices, we argue that it is helpful to extend our analytical focus beyond questions of what is evaluated and who evaluates to how valuations are performed. Social accounting literature has already explored a crucial aspect of the “how question,” emphasizing the need to widen stakeholder input and engage in agonistic democratic deliberation beyond applying technical expertise. We extend these insights by drawing attention to an important dimension of the how question that remains underexplored, namely, where such deliberation can or should be applied and explaining why this matters. In doing so, we disclose the complexity and messiness of social accounting processes, as well as their normative and political significance. We deploy political discourse theory to highlight the virtues of focusing on where value is constructed along the social accounting chain, illustrating our contribution with examples drawn from our experience conducting a Social Return on Investment (SROI) for a not‐for‐profit organization. We present and unpack key decision‐junctures in the SROI process, demonstrating the plural and pluralizing character of these “moments of judgment” by showing how contestability and normativity enter the valuation process, aspects that are often obfuscated by an over‐reliance on, and the rhetoric of, the technical aspects of quantification and monetization. By foregrounding the contingency and subjectivity embedded in valuation practices, we argue there is a need to navigate agonistically, deliberatively, and pragmatically their plural and complex character.
Living With and Beyond Cancer With Comorbid Conditions: Qualitative Insights to Understand Psychosocial Support Needs
Authors: Cavers Debbie , Cunningham‐Burley Sarah , Watson Eila , Banks Elspeth , Campbell Christine 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere is a pressing need to understand and explore the complex experiences and psychosocial support needs of people LWBC‐CM and their informal caregivers, to inform survivorship and supportive care interventions.MethodsIn‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with people LWBC‐CM and their informal caregivers in Scotland, invited via primary care. One‐to‐one, face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with informed consent exploring experiences of symptoms, psychosocial support needs and interactions with health services. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using a thematic approach.ResultsForty‐one people LWBC‐CM and twenty‐three informal caregivers were interviewed. Four themes were identified: the Physical and Psychological Impact of Cancer and Comorbidity, Dominant Storie—Prioritising Conditions and Making Sense of Illness, Navigating Health Services and Treatments and Caring for People with Complex Health Conditions. Type and severity of conditions mediated people's experiences and daily living. Complex fatigue—fatigue arising from a number of health conditions—dominated symptomology. Participants navigated multiple appointments and complex medication regimes. Patients identified the need for acknowledgement of other chronic conditions and for streamlined care provision. Mutual caring and social isolation were also identified as part of the caring relationship.ConclusionsThere is a mandate to address the psychosocial support needs of people LWBC‐CM, and their informal carers, given the burden of treatment for cancer survivors with moderate to severe complex conditions as they navigate health services.Patient or Public ContributionA patient representative has been involved in all stages of the study from development of the application through study design, commenting on documentation, analysis of transcripts and writing the manuscript. They are included as an author on the manuscript.
‘Is It Safe? Is it not?’ A Youth‐Led Photovoice Study of Youth Perspectives of COVID‐19 Vaccine Confidence
Authors: Mckee Shelby , Sheikhan Natasha Y. , Patenaude Sean , Henderson Jo , Knight Rodney , Kidd Sean A. , Barbic Skye , O'Reilly Aileen , Hawke Lisa D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundYouth have been uniquely affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Despite high rates of COVID‐19 infection, youth had one of the lowest vaccine uptake rates. Certain characteristics can affect vaccine uptake, such as mental health and substance use, but it is important to understand uptake for an effective response to pandemics.ObjectiveThis study examined the perspectives of youth with mental health or substance use concerns on COVID‐19 vaccine confidence, hesitancy and overall COVID‐19 vaccine perspectives.MethodsUsing photovoice, a community‐based participatory research method, a sample of 27 youth aged 14−24 years participated in a series of photography workshops and focus groups. Participants submitted final photographs for discussion. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.ResultsFour themes were generated: (1) Youth deciphered the vaccine discourse in a changing information landscape; (2) mixed perspectives of families, friends and loved ones influenced the vaccine journey; (3) complex societal influences affected views and decisions around the COVID‐19 vaccine; and (4) youth navigated their vaccine journeys through first‐ and second‐hand experiences. The four themes and subthemes highlight the evolution of youth's journeys with the COVID‐19 vaccine over the course of the pandemic and into the late‐pandemic period.ConclusionsYouth with mental health or substance use challenges navigated a complex environment during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The wide variety of factors influencing vaccine perspectives should be taken into account in public health messaging and future research on youth vaccine uptake. Youth‐led and youth‐engaged research can help solicit rich and meaningful perspectives of young people on important public health issues.Patient or Public ContributionThis was a youth‐led study. A youth research analyst conducted the study activities together with the support of a youth advisory group, an adult photographer with lived experience, and a scientific team.
Stabilization of the Shapley value for cooperative games through level‐induced structures
Authors: Li Xianghui , Shan Lingtao , Sou Katat , Li Yang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTaking into consideration that the Shapley value for cooperative games may not be resistant to potential blocking coalitions, this paper examines the integration of coalition formation and stability in cooperative games. Initially, we establish an endogenous procedure specifically designed for superadditive games. This procedure generates a levels structure and a payoff vector, consequently leading to a modified Shapley value that conforms to the stability notion defined as the levels core. Furthermore, we simulate the procedure in a noncooperative manner and employ the concept of strong Nash equilibrium to demonstrate the stability of the procedure's outcome. Lastly, we propose and delineate a value by applying the same procedural approach to scenarios where the levels structure is predetermined externally.
Discovering the Current ‘State of Play’ in Pain Recognition and Assessment for People With Profound Intellectual Disabilities by Nurses: An Appreciative Inquiry Approach
Authors: Goodall Maeve , Irving Kate , Nevin Mary 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPain recognition and assessment in individuals with profound intellectual disabilities are challenging. Exploring effective methods of addressing this is essential. This study aims to discover current nursing practice in this area of care as the first of a four‐phased appreciative inquiry study, to inform further research and practice.MethodsData from individual and focus group interviews with co‐researching nurses were collated and developed into themes.ResultsSix themes were identified: unconditional positive regard, honouring of relationship, creative best practice, pain through a competing lens, accurate assessment—an impossible task? Medicating pain—oversimplified and undervalued?ConclusionRelationship is essential, in recognising pain and distress. There is an understanding of the multifaceted nature of pain in the care of this population; however, physical pain recognition and assessment are prioritised, to prevent serious ill health and death. Formal methods of assessment and communication between professionals are needed.
Navigating Unique Intersectional Experiences: LGBTQ+ Community Organisations Addressing Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities' Needs
Authors: Milot Élise , Otis Ann‐Sophie , Lavoie Kévin , Caouette Martin , Marthouret Bertille 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis exploratory study aimed to enhance the understanding of practitioners' experiences within LGBTQ+ community organisations when providing interventions for LGBTQ+ individuals with intellectual disabilities. Three specific objectives were outlined: to document the situations and challenges encountered by practitioners; to identify perceived needs among LGBTQ+ individuals with intellectual disabilities and to elicit their suggestions for recommendations to improve services.MethodA qualitative approach, involving in‐depth interviews with 12 Québec‐based LGBTQ+ community practitioners, underwent content analysis.ResultsFindings were organised around three themes: perceived support needs of LGBTQ+ people with intellectual disabilities; challenges experienced in intervention and recommendations to improve services. Findings reveal that practitioners frequently face significant challenges when supporting LGBTQ+ individuals with intellectual disabilities, who often struggle with multiple daily challenges and insufficient support.ConclusionsThe study highlights the need to empower LGBTQ+ organisations with essential skills and foster partnerships with public service staff to ensure a more inclusive, intersectional approach.
Surgical correction of pes varus deformity in dachshunds using three‐dimensional‐printed patient‐specific guide system: nine tibiae in seven cases (2018‐2022)
Authors: Bright S. , Schofield I. , Oxley B. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo describe the use of a three‐dimensional‐printed patient‐specific guide system for the treatment of distal tibial varus deformity in Dachshunds and retrospectively report the clinical and radiographic outcome.Materials and MethodsPes varus deformity in nine limbs of seven dachshunds was treated with corrective osteotomy using a three‐dimensional‐printed patient‐specific guide system. Data from computed tomography were processed to obtain virtual 3D‐models of the tibias, which were used for computer‐aided design‐based surgical planning, three‐dimensional‐printed patient‐specific guide system design and evaluation of planned versus achieved tibial correction. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by lameness score and post‐operative owner‐reported questionnaire at a minimum of 15 months.ResultsThe gait abnormality resolved in all limbs. The osteotomy healed uneventfully in eight tibiae. Implant failure occurred in one tibia but was successfully revised. There was good correlation between planned and achieved deformity correction, with mean translational error <1 mm in all planes, and mean angulation correction error <2° in all planes.Clinical SignificanceA 3D‐printed patient‐specific osteotomy and reduction guide system facilitates the accurate correction of tibial pes varus deformity with very good clinical outcomes. Opening osteotomy, stabilised with orthogonal locking plates and without the application of bone graft led to satisfactory bone healing in all cases.
Death anxiety among the oldest old in Germany. Evidence from the nationally representative ‘Old Age in Germany (D80+)’
Authors: Hajek André , Jacob Louis , Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl , Gyasi Razak M. , Soysal Pinar , Veronese Nicola , Kostev Karel , Aarabi Ghazal , König Hans‐Helmut 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of studies investigating death anxiety among the oldest old based on a large, nationally representative sample during the pandemic. Thus, our aim was to investigate the prevalence and determinants of death anxiety among the oldest old in Germany during the Covid‐19 pandemic.MethodsCross‐sectional data were taken from the ‘Old Age in Germany’ (D80+) study. This is a large, nationwide representative study including individuals 80 years and over living at home and individuals in institutionalised settings (N = 9542 individuals in the analytic sample).ResultsOverall, 30% of the respondents reported the absence of death anxiety, 45.5% reported a rather not strong death anxiety, 20.2% reported a rather strong death anxiety, and 4.3% reported a very strong death anxiety. Linear regressions revealed that higher death anxiety was significantly associated with being female (β = 0.21, P < 0.01), younger age (β = −0.02, P < 0.001), being married (β = 0.09, P < 0.001), high education (compared to low education, β = 0.07, P < 0.05), the presence of meaning in life (β = 0.13, P < 0.001), higher loneliness levels (β = 0.18, P < 0.001), the presence of multimorbidity (β = 0.07, P < 0.05), and poorer self‐rated health (β = −0.07, P < 0.001). A further analysis showed that probable depression (β = 0.31, P < 0.001) is also associated with higher death anxiety.ConclusionAbout one in four individuals had a strong or very strong fear of death during the pandemic. Several sociodemographic, psychosocial, and health‐related factors are associated with higher death anxiety. This better understanding of the determinants of death anxiety can be relevant for, among others, the affected individuals, informal and professional carers, as well as friends and relatives.
Analysis of the Causes of the Magnetic Storm on December 1–2, 2023 Based on Observations of Interplanetary Scintillations at the BSA Radio Telescope of the Lebedev Physical Institute
Authors: Lukmanov V. R. , Chashei I. V. , Tyul’bashev S. A. , Subaev I. A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The results of the analysis of observational data of interplanetary scintillations obtained at the Big Synphasic Antenna radio telescope of the Lebedev Physical Institute (BSA LPI) before, during and after the magnetic storm that occurred on December 1–2, 2023. Observational data were compared with model calculations for corotating and propagating large-scale disturbances. The results of observations of scintillations of radio sources indicate that the magnetic storm that took place was caused by the superposition of two types of large-scale disturbances of the solar wind. On the day before the start of the magnetic storm, signs of interaction of the Earth’s magnetosphere with the corotating region of multi-velocity solar wind flows were observed, whereas later signs of disturbance of the magnetosphere by a coronal mass ejection propagating after the M9.8 flare on November 28, 2023 were observed.
Peculiarities of Radio Pulsars with Long Periods
Authors: Malov I. F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The analysis of parameters of radio pulsars with periods $$P > 5$$ s has been carried out. It was found that there is no clear dependence of $$dP{\text{/}}dt$$ on $$P$$ on the $$\{ dP{\text{/}}dt,P\} $$ diagram. The lack of dependence can be explained within the disk model. It is shown that the pulse width decreases with increasing period for the sample considered. It is the opposite of the dependence in the generally accepted pulsar model. It indicates that the distance from the surface of the neutron star to the radio emission generation region in the studied population depends on the period or that the magnetic field in the generation region has a non-dipolar structure. The possibility of explaining the longest intervals between successive pulses in pulsars J0901–4046 and J0250+5854 by the influence of drift waves at the periphery of the magnetosphere has been considered. Within the framework of the drift model, the calculated rotation periods in these pulsars turn out to be several times shorter than the observed intervals between successive pulses.
Rotation of the Milky Way Halo in the Solar Vicinity Based on GAIA DR3 Catalog
Authors: Tkachenko R. V. , Bryndina A. P. , Zhmailova A. B. , Korchagin V. I. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The rotation of the Milky Way halo in the solar vicinity is studied using kinematic data of the GAIA DR3 catalog for RR Lyrae variable stars with parallax errors of less than 20%. Two criteria were used for selecting halo stars: kinematic and spatial. In both approaches, we confirm the existence of weak rotation of the halo in the direction opposite to the rotation of the Galactic disk with velocities of $$4.08 \pm 2.19$$ km/s for the kinematic criterion and $$9.49 \pm 2.59$$ km/s for the spatial criterion.
Automated Synthesis of [N-Methyl-11C]choline, Radiopharmaceutical for Tumor Imaging by PET
Authors: Vaulina D. D. , Kuznetsova O. F. , Orlovskaya V. V. , Fedorova O. S. , Krasikova R. N. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An automated method has been developed for the synthesis of [N-methyl-11C]choline, a radiopharmaceutical (RP) for the diagnosis of cancer using positron emission tomography (PET). The synthesis was carried out on a home-made module, using combined technology of on-line 11C-methylation processes and solid-phase extraction methods. The radiochemical yield of [N-methyl-11C]choline was 80% (based on the activity of the methylating agent, [11C]CH3I, decay corrected), which ensures the production of several clinical doses of radiopharmaceutical in one batch. [N-Methyl-11C]choline was obtained with a radiochemical purity of more than 99% and an amount of 2-dimethylaminoethanol (the main chemical impurity) of 0.06 mg/mL, which meets the requirements of the Russian and European Pharmacopoeia.