bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Adsorption of Organorhodium Species on Metal Oxide Surfaces: Theoretical Aspects.
Authors: HALET J.‐F. , HOFFMANN R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTris(allyl)rhodium reacts with hydroxylated TiO2 and Al2O3 surfaces to produce the oxide‐bound derivative (I), which, upon addition of H2 forms the hydride species (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Dichloromethane Is a Coordinating Solvent.
Authors: NEWBOUND T. D. , COLSMAN M. R. , MILLER M. M. , WULFSBERG G. P. , ANDERSON O. P. , STRAUSS S. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe X‐ray structure analysis of the Ag(I) complex (IV) (space group P1, Z=1) confirms that CH2Cl2 can coordinate to metal ions, that both chlorine atoms can be used to form four‐membered chelate rings and, if a metal ion is unsaturated enough, that more than one CH2Cl2 molecule can coordinate to it.
ChemInform Abstract: Superjacent and Subjacent Orbitals Participations for Kinetically Controlled Cycloaddition Reactions of 2H‐Cyclohepta(b)furan‐2‐ones and 8,8‐Dicyanoheptafulvene to 2,3‐Bis(methoxycarbonyl)‐7‐oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptadiene.
Authors: TIAN G. R. , SUGIYAMA S. , MORI A. , TAKESHITA H. , HIGASHI M. , YAMAGUCHI H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThermal cycloaddition of the cycloheptatrienes (I) or (VI) with the oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptadiene (II) gives mixtures of the (4 + 2) cycloadducts (III) and (V) or (VII) and (IX) and the cycloreversion products (IV) or (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: 2H‐Azirines and 2‐(ω‐Cyanoalkyl)furans as Novel Photoproducts from (n)(2,6)Pyridinophane N‐Oxides and Their Role During Photoreaction.
Authors: WEBER H. , ROHN T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe N‐oxides (I) are prepared from the respective pyridinophanes (MCPBA/CHCl3; yield 36‐60%).
ChemInform Abstract: Thiono‐ and Dithio Esters. Part 47. α,β‐Unsaturated Thionoand Dithio Esters by Condensation Reactions.
Authors: HARTKE K. , KUNZE O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStarting from the aldehydes (I) or (IV), a series of the title compounds is obtained either by Horner‐Wittig (→ (III)) or by Peterson (→ (VI)) reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Butenolide and Tetronic Acid Analogues of Thiolactomycin.
Authors: STILL I. W. J. , DREWERY M. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe α‐bromomethylacrylate (II) reacts with the silylated compound (Ia) to give the butyrolactone (III) which rearranges to form the endocyclic butenolide (IVa).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4‐imino‐4,5‐dihydrothiazoles from N‐Sulfonyl‐α‐chloroamidines and Thiourea.
Authors: ABDELAAL S. M. , BAUER L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe chloroamidine hydrochlorides (III), prepared from chloroacetonitrile (I), are N‐tosylated, yielding the N‐sulfonyl‐α‐chloroamidines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Compounds with Potential Antitumor Activity. Part 7. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of 1‐Aryl‐N,N′‐di(1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)methylenediamines.
Authors: CHIMIRRI A. , GRASSO S. , MONFORTE P. , FENECH G. , ZAPPALA M. , MONFORTE A.‐M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds, e.g. (IIIb)‐(IIId), and the known thiadiazole derivative (IIIa) are active against leukemia P388 in mice.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Carbolines Derived from β‐Methyltryptophan and a Stereoselective Synthesis of (2RS,3SR)‐β‐Methyltryptophan Methyl Ester.
Authors: BEHFOROUZ M. , ZARRINMAYEH H. , OGLE M. E. , RIEHLE T. J. , BELL F. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of the methyltryptophan ester (IV) is optimized.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridazines. Part 44. Novel Heteroaromatic Analogues of o‐Aminobenzophenones ‐ Preparation and Cyclization to Diazaacridone Derivatives.
Authors: GRABENWOEGER M. + , HAIDER N. , HEINISCH G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNucleophilic displacement of the fluorine atom of (I) occurs on treatment with the primary amines (II) to afford the novel ketones (III) in fair to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethyl Chloroformate/DMF in Organic Synthesis. Part 1. A Novel Reagent for Ring Closure of 5‐Amino‐1‐aryl‐4‐imidazolecarboxamides to Their Hypoxanthine Derivatives.
Authors: EL‐BAYOUKI K. A. M. , EL‐SAYED A. S. , BASYOUNI W. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction between the 5‐amino‐4‐imidazolecarboxamides (I) and a mixture of DMF (II) and ethyl chloroformate proceeds under comparatively mild conditions to afford the hypoxanthine derivatives (III) instead of the expected xanthines.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Pyrazines. Part 17. An Efficient Synthesis of Pteridine‐6‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: SATO N. , SAITO N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe furylglyoxal oxime (VII), prepared from the furyloxopropionate (III), undergoes cyclocondensation with aminomalononitrile tosylate (VIII) to form the furylpyrazine 1‐oxide (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties and Biological Studies of Some Substituted 2‐Alkoxy‐4‐methyl‐morpholines.
Authors: REKKA E. , KOUROUNAKIS P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCompounds of type (III) and (V) demonstrate, depending on the doses, a series of symptoms, e.g. hyperkinesia, convulsions and coma.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Induced Reactions of a Sydnone Ketoxime.
Authors: SALJOUGHIAN M. , TURNBULL K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe E‐ and Z‐configurated sydnone ketoximes (I) are treated with sulfonic acids or PPA to give the benzimidazole (II) or the benzotriazole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 1,2‐Fused 3‐Cyanoindolizines.
Authors: MATSUMOTO K. , UCHIDA T. , AOYAMA K. , NISHIKAWA M. , KURODA T. , OKAMOTO T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe pyridinium dicyanomethylides (I) react with dehydrobenzene, generated from diphenyliodonium 2‐carboxylate (II), to give the indolizines (III) mentioned in the title, together with minor amounts of the pentacycles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Hypervalent Silicon Derivatives. One‐Step Synthesis of Mono‐ and Dihydrogenosilanes.
Authors: BOUDIN A. , CERVEAU G. , CHUIT C. , CORRIU R. J. P. , REYE C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe anionic silicon complexes (I) and (IV) react with the primary alkyl Grignard compounds (II), activated by titanocene dichloride, to form the monohydrogenosilanes (III) and (V) as the main products.
ChemInform Abstract: Diverse Reaction Courses in the Controlled Carbometalation of Heterocumulenes with Zirconium‐Diene Complexes and Molecular Structures of Carbon Dioxide, Isocyanate, and Ketene 1:1 and 1:2 Inserted Compounds.
Authors: YASUDA H. , OKAMOTO T. , MATSUOKA Y. , NAKAMURA A. , KAI Y. , KANEHISA N. , KASAI N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe carbometalation of various heterocumulenes (CO2, isocyanates, ketenes) is systematically investigated by using a series of Zr‐diene complexes of the type ZrL2(s‐cis‐diene) and ZrL2(s‐trans‐diene) (L: η5‐C5H5, η5‐C5Me5; diene: butadiene, isoprene) to clarify the essential factors in determining the regio‐ and stereochemistry of the products.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Base Adducts of Uranium Triiodide: A New Class of Synthetically Useful Precursors for Trivalent Uranium Chemistry.
Authors: CLARK D. L. , SATTELBERGER A. P. , BOTT S. G. , VRTIS R. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA slight excess of clean uranium turnings reacts with freshly sublimed elemental iodine in THF at 0 °C to yield the air‐ and moisture‐sensitive pentagonal‐bipyramidal U(III) compound (I) (65% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Aqueous Proton Relaxation Enhancement of a Manganese(II) Heptaaza Macrocyclic Complex Having Pendant Arms.
Authors: WAGNON B. K. , JACKELS S. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe preparation of (I) is carried out via template condensation of diacetylpyridine and N,N,N',N'‐tetrakis(2‐aminoethyl)ethylenediamine in the presence of Mn2+ in EtOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, X‐Ray Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Two Dinuclear Manganese(II) Compounds Containing Nitronyl Nitroxides, Imino Nitroxides, and Their Reduced Derivatives.
Authors: CANESCHI A. , GATTESCHI D. , LAUGIER J. , REY P. , ZANCHINI C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe nitronyl nitroxide (I) is reduced in the reaction with the Mn(II) complex (II) leading to a complex (P1, Z=2) consisting of (III) and a second different centrosymmetric unit which contains two radicals (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling of Epoxides with Carbon Dioxide at Pt(II) Complexes and the Structure of a Cyclic Metallacarbonate.
Authors: AYE K.‐T. , FERGUSON G. , LOUGH A. J. , PUDDEPHATT R. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSimple epoxides such as (II) are oxidatively added to (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Molecular Transformations. Part 102. The Photoinduced Removal of Nitro Groups from Steroidal 6‐Membered α,α′‐Dinitro Cyclic Ketones.
Authors: SUGINOME H. , KUROKAWA Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDinitration of the 5β‐cholestanone (I) yields the dinitrocholestanone (III), which is in equilibrium with its enol form (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecificity and Regiospecificity of the Phosphorus Oxychloride Dehydration of Sterol Side Chain Alcohols.
Authors: GINER J.‐L. , MARGOT C. , DJERASSI C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDehydration of the epimeric 23‐alcohols (I) in the (24R)‐stigmastane series using phosphorus oxychloride proceeds stereo‐ and regiospecifically to give the E‐ and Z‐stigmasta‐5,23‐dien‐3β‐ols (II) after deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Glycosyl Esters.
Authors: BARRETT A. G. M. , BEZUIDENHOUDT B. C. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAcylation of the tetra‐O‐benzyl‐D‐glucopyranose (IV) with the 2‐acylthio‐3‐nitropyridines (III) results predominantly in the formation of the α‐glycosyl esters (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Preparation of trans‐2,6‐Dialkylpiperidines and of Other Azacycle Building Blocks. Total Synthesis of (+)‐Desoxoprosopinine.
Authors: CIUFOLINI M. A. , HERMANN C. W. , WHITMIRE K. H. , BYRNE N. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe oxazolones (II) are prepared in either antipodal form (> 95% e.e.) by a known simple chemoenzymatic method involving optical resolution of (I) with papain and subsequent aza‐Achmatowicz reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thienylacetylene Derivatives from Berkheya Species Through an Unusual Photochemical Approach.
Authors: D'AURIA M. , DE MICO A. , D'ONOFRIO F. , PIANCATELLI G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe syntheses of the naturally occurring title compounds (III), (IV) and (VII) are reported.
A new feature extraction and attacking node classification framework using PDCFE‐HPSMM model in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Ramasamy Manjith 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe increasing demand of wireless communication introduces a challenge to an effective spectrum utilization. In wireless communication systems, the Cognitive Radio (CR) has emerged as a new key technology to address this issue, which allows an opportunistic access to the spectrum. The CRs form a CRN by extending the radio link features to network layer functions. The existing CR based wireless communication techniques has some drawbacks such as, inability to differentiate interference or noise from primary signals, it does not distinguish the different types of noise, low performance, not effective in spread spectrum detection, long observation time and high computational cost. To overwhelm these disadvantages, a novel method, namely, partial distribution based cyclostationary feature extraction–hidden probability state Markov model (PDCFE‐HPSMM) is proposed in this work. The main intention of this technique is to extract the node features, classify the attacker nodes and predict the licensed and unlicensed bandwidth. At first, the CRN is formed with some set of CR nodes, and the communication links between the nodes are estimated. Then, the node features are extracted by employing the PDCFE technique. After that, the attacking nodes are classified based on those features with the help of a HPSMM classification technique. If the attacker is present in the network, the link between the attacking nodes to other nodes is disconnected; otherwise, the communication link is updated. In this work, the Rayleigh channels are used to predict the licensed and unlicensed bandwidth. Again, the HPSMM model is employed to optimally select the channel, and the scheduling technique is implemented to check the status of the channel for message transmission. If the channel is not busy, the message signals are multiplexed and transmitted to the receiver via the selected channel. The novel concept of this paper is, the proposed PDCFE technique extracts the features of the nodes in CRN; based on these features, the attacker nodes in the network are classified with the help of HPSMM technique. Moreover, the HPSMM is used to select the optimal channel for message transmission. The experimental results evaluate the performance of the proposed system in terms of bit error rate (BER), error rate, relay, false detection rate (FDR) and cumulative distribution function (CDF). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening for eating disorders in outpatient smoking cessation: Feasibility, pertinence, and acceptance of referral to specific treatment
Authors: Simioni N. , Cottencin O. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo estimate (1) the feasibility and pertinence of implementing systematic screening for eating disorders (EDs) in outpatient smoking cessation (SC), and (2) the acceptance of a referral to ED‐specific treatment.MethodsTobacco smokers (N = 203) who consecutively underwent the initial assessment of a SC program were screened for an ED. Screen‐positive patients were administered the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and received a referral to ED‐specific treatment using brief advice when identified with a current ED.ResultsAmong the total sample, the prevalence of a current ED at baseline was 8.9% (men: 1/109, 0.9%; women: 17/94, 18.1%). The acceptance rate of referral to ED‐specific treatment was 17%, whereas having a current ED at baseline was significantly associated with a higher probability of dropping out of the SC program at 4 weeks (OR = 21.8, 95%CI: 3.0–161.2, P = 0.003).DiscussionScreening for EDs in outpatient SC seems worthwhile and easily implementable, but patients who are identified with a current ED might not be prone to accept referral to specific treatment and tend to drop out early. This study underlines the need to explore this topic in larger clinical samples. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:1018–1022)
Comparison of SemiQuantitative Cotinine Values Obtained by the DRI Immunoassay and Values Obtained by a Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry‐Based Method: The DRI Immunoassay is Suitable for Screening Purposes Only Because Semiquantitative Values May Be Unreliable
Authors: Dixon R. Brent , Dasgupta Amitava 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundDRI cotinine assay is suitable only for screening for cotinine in urine specimens. We studied the reliability of DRI cotinine semiquantitative values by comparing them with the cotinine concentration obtained with a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method.MethodsSemiquantitative cotinine concentrations in 39 urine specimens obtained by the DRI immunoassay were compared with cotinine concentrations obtained by LC‐MS/MS.ResultsThe DRI cotinine assay consistently overestimated cotinine values obtained by the LC/MS/MS method (y = 1.1529 x + 252.24, n = 39, R2 = 0.8899) indicating that semiquantitative values obtained using the DRI assay may be unreliable. However, no false‐negative results were observed using the DRI assay.ConclusionDRI cotinine assay is suitable only for screening cotinine in urine specimens.
Necessary conditions and sufficient conditions of irregular shearlet frames
Authors: Jiang Shenming , Jiang Zetao , Zhang Shaoqin 
Published: May 2016

In this paper, necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for the irregular shearlet systems to be frames are studied. We show that the irregular shearlet systems to possess upper frame bounds, the space‐scale‐shear parameters must be relatively separated. We prove that if the irregular shearlet systems possess the lower frame bound and the space‐scale‐shear parameters satisfy certain condition, then the lower shearlet density is strictly positive. We apply these results to systems consisting only of dilations, obtaining some new results relating density to the frame properties of these systems. We prove that for a feasible class of shearlet generators introduced by P. Kittipoom et al., each relatively separated sequence with sufficiently hight density will generate a frame. Explicit frame bounds are given. We also study the stability of shearlet frames and show that a frame generated by certain shearlet function remains a frame when the space‐scale‐shear parameters and the generating function undergo small perturbations. Explicit stability bounds are given. Using pseudo‐spline functions of type I and II, we construct a family of irregular shearlet frames consisting of compactly supported shearlets to illustrate our results.
Sulforaphane induces adipocyte browning and promotes glucose and lipid utilization
Authors: Zhang Hui Q. , Chen Shi Y. , Wang An S. , Yao An J. , Fu Jian F. , Zhao Jin S. , Chen Fen , Zou Zu Q. , Zhang Xiao H. , Shan Yu J. , Bao Yong P. 
Published: May 2016

ScopeObesity is closely related to the imbalance of white adipose tissue storing excess calories, and brown adipose tissue dissipating energy to produce heat in mammals. Recent studies revealed that acquisition of brown characteristics by white adipocytes, termed “browning,” may positively contribute to cellular bioenergetics and metabolism homeostasis. The goal was to investigate the putative effects of natural antioxidant sulforaphane (1‐isothiocyanate‐4‐methyl‐sulfonyl butane; SFN) on browning of white adipocytes.Methods and results3T3‐L1 mature white adipocytes were treated with SFN for 48 h, and then the mitochondrial content, function, and energy utilization were assessed. SFN was found to induce 3T3‐L1 adipocytes browning based on the increased mitochondrial content and activity of respiratory chain enzymes, whereas the mechanism involved the upregulation of nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2/sirtuin1/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha signaling. SFN enhanced uncoupling protein 1 expression, a marker for brown adipocyte, leading to the decrease in cellular ATP. SFN also enhanced glucose uptake and oxidative utilization, lipolysis, and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.ConclusionSFN‐induced browning of white adipocytes enhanced the utilization of cellular fuel, and application of SFN is a promising strategy to combat obesity and obesity‐related metabolic disorder.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Postpartum Depression in Fathers: A Regional, Longitudinal Study in Japan
Authors: Suto Maiko , Isogai Emi , Mizutani Fumino , Kakee Naoko , Misago Chizuru , Takehara Kenji 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPaternal postpartum depression may affect not only the mental health and wellbeing of fathers but their partners and children. We investigated the point and period prevalence of paternal postpartum depression and its association with factors measured during pregnancy in a regional longitudinal study in Nishio City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, between December 1, 2012, and April 30, 2013. Data were collected once in pregnancy and five times in the first three months postpartum. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess paternal depression, and data were collected in pregnancy on demographic and psychosocial factors. Of 215 fathers who returned at least one of the five postpartum assessments, 36 (17%) reported symptoms of depression in the first three months after birth. In logistic regression analyses, among a number of demographic and psychosocial characteristics that previously had been linked to paternal postpartum depression, only fathers' history of psychiatric treatment and depressive symptoms during pregnancy were associated with paternal depressive symptoms in the postnatal period. The results add to the growing body of evidence on prevalence of paternal postnatal depression and indicate that assessment and support for fathers are important starting in pregnancy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving long term outcomes in urea cycle disorders‐report from the Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium
Authors: Waisbren Susan E. , Gropman Andrea L. ,   Members of the Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (UCDC), Batshaw Mark L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (UCDC) has conducted, beginning in 2006, a longitudinal study (LS) of eight enzyme deficiencies/transporter defects associated with the urea cycle. These include N‐acetylglutamate synthase deficiency (NAGSD); Carbamyl phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency (CPS1D); Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD); Argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency (ASSD) (Citrullinemia); Argininosuccinate lyase deficiency (ASLD) (Argininosuccinic aciduria); Arginase deficiency (ARGD, Argininemia); Hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia, homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome (or mitochondrial ornithine transporter 1 deficiency [ORNT1D]); and Citrullinemia type II (mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier deficiency [CITRIN]). There were 678 UCD patients enrolled in 14 sites in the U.S., Canada, and Europe at the writing of this paper. This review summarizes findings of the consortium related to outcome, focusing primarily on neuroimaging findings and neurocognitive function. Neuroimaging studies in late onset OTCD offered evidence that brain injury caused by biochemical dysregulation may impact functional neuroanatomy serving working memory processes, an important component of executive function and regulation. Additionally, there were alteration in white mater microstructure and functional connectivity at rest. Intellectual deficits in OTCD and other urea cycle disorders (UCD) vary. However, when neuropsychological deficits occur, they tend to be more prominent in motor/performance areas on both intelligence tests and other measures. In some disorders, adults performed significantly less well than younger patients. Further longitudinal follow‐up will reveal whether this is due to declines throughout life or to improvements in diagnostics (especially newborn screening) and treatments in the younger generation of patients.
Räumliche Praktiken der Energiewende am Beispiel der Biogaserzeugung in Rheinland-Pfalz
Authors: Faller Fabian 
Published: May 2016

ZusammenfassungDie Energiewende ist seit einigen Jahren Gegenstand intensiver akademischer Debatten. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf regionalen Transformationen von konventionellen zu erneuerbaren Energiesystemen. Diese Regionen werden oft als Handlungsräume zwischen der lokalen und nationalen Ebene definiert und Transformationsprozesse werden in oder zwischen solchen Regionen analysiert. Gegenstand des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, die Prozesse zu verstehen, die die Energieregionen hervorbringen. Wie werden sie konstituiert und transformiert? Welche geographischen Aspekte sind dabei bedeutsam? Eine qualitative Fallstudie über die Biogaserzeugung im westlichen Rheinland-Pfalz untersucht verschiedene Praktiken sowie Routinen der Energieerzeuger und beleuchtet die Entstehung, Stabilisierung und Veränderung von Energieregionen. Problemzentrierte Interviews mit 20 Anlagenbetreibern dienen als empirische Grundlage, um Aufschluss über individuelle Wahrnehmungen von Routinen und Praktiken zu gewinnen. Die Ergebnisse aus den Einzelfallstudien können zu übergeordneten Erkenntnissen generalisiert werden und zeigen, wie sich im Lauf der Zeit Praktiken, ihre räumliche Relevanz und ihre Bedeutung für die Energiewende verändern. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass sowohl individuelle (praktisches Wissen, kognitive Voraussetzungen) als auch strukturelle Kontexte (Zugang zu und Verfügbarkeit von Wissen, bestehende Netzwerke und politische Rahmenwerke) für die räumliche Bedeutung von Transformationspraktiken wichtig sind. So wird ersichtlich, dass über die Zeit Energieregionen verändert werden, von eher subjektiven Räumen hin zu regionalen Netzwerkräumen mit ko-lokalisierten Akteuren und gemeinsamen Lerneffekten.