bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrometers as Analogues of Nature
Authors: Rothbart Daniel 
Published: January 2016

Traditional empiricist epistemologies have raised major philosophical
obstacles to a clear understanding of instruments. Empiricist philosophers
have given scant attention to instruments as a separate topic of inquiry
because the reliability of instruments is presumably reducible to the
epistemology of common sense experience. Instruments function presumably to
magnify our physiologically limited sensory capacities by linking the
specimen's sensory properties to accessible empirical data; such data are
then validated by the same empiricist standards used to access ordinary
(middle-sized) phenomena. Thus, no epistemic insight is revealed by studying
instrumentation per se, according to
empiricists.
Critics of empiricism have championed the cause that all sensory data
are theoryladen. Yet even this dictum has the effect of minimizing the
philosophical significance of instruments. This is because many critics of
empiricism are working within the empiricist's distinction between the
subjectivity of theory and the apparent objectivity of data.
Business model analysis of mobile traffic safety services
Authors: Luukkainen Sakari , Karjalainen Mikko , Winter Juha , Bagheri Majdabadi Mehrdad 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to identify promoting and restraining factors of a novel mobile service in the pedestrian safety area.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses the case study methodology that focus on analyzing a specific case of mobile safety services in depth. A case study is especially suitable for an emerging case, such as pedestrian safety, where the aim is to identify relevant influencing factors of the particular case and not to generalize the findings. To gather data for case study analysis, several expert interviews were performed. Because they provided a large volume of data, the Service, Technology, Organization, and Finance business model framework was used as a way of structuring the analysis.

Findings
The main restraining factors are end-user value proposition, battery life, accuracy of GPS positioning and the revenue model. However, the service could improve traffic safety considerably and it should be introduced first locally in places, where many accidents take place. There is a great interest on driver data, which could be the main advantage for this service in the future. Integration to navigation products would complement the service significantly.

Originality/value
Current traffic safety-related literature covers mainly technical issues, and there are only few papers related to business model issues on that particular service. Observations of the various factors affecting the related evolution at an early phase of the life-cycle support further service design process.
Tension pneumothorax during flexible bronchoscopy in a nonintubated infant
Authors: Chan Ian A. , Gamble Jonathan J. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe describe the case of a tension pneumothorax occurring during flexible bronchoscopy in a nonintubated infant. The pneumothorax likely occurred secondary to wall source oxygen insufflation via the bronchoscope without sufficient gas egress. The use of wall source oxygen via the bronchoscope working channel is inherently dangerous and should be avoided.
Prognostic factors for disability and sick leave in patients with subacute non-malignant pain: a systematic review of cohort studies
Authors: Valentin Gitte H , Pilegaard Marc S , Vaegter Henrik B , Rosendal Marianne , Ørtenblad Lisbeth , Væggemose Ulla , Christensen Robin 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to identify generic prognostic factors for disability and sick leave in subacute pain patients.SettingGeneral practice and other primary care facilities.ParticipantsAdults (>18 years) with a subacute (≤3-month) non-malignant pain condition. Eligibility criteria were cohort studies investigating the prediction of disability or long-term sick leave in adults with a subacute pain condition in a primary care setting. 19 studies were included, referring to a total of 6266 patients suffering from pain in the head, neck, back and shoulders.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was long-term disability (>3 months) due to a pain condition. The secondary outcome was sick leave, defined as ‘absence from work’ or ‘return-to-work’.ResultsPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and PEDro databases were searched from 16 January 2003 to 16 January 2014. The quality of evidence was presented according to the GRADE WG recommendations. Several factors were found to be associated with disability at follow-up for at least two different pain symptoms. However, owing to insufficient studies, no generic risk factors for sick leave were identified.ConclusionsMultiple site pain, high pain severity, older age, baseline disability and longer pain duration were identified as potential prognostic factors for disability across pain sites. There was limited evidence that anxiety and depression were associated with disability in patients with subacute pain, indicating that these factors may not play as large a role as expected in developing disability due to a pain condition. Quality of evidence was moderate, low or very low, implying that confidence in the results is limited. Large prospective prognostic factor studies are needed with sufficient study populations and transparent reporting of all factors examined.Trial registration numberCRD42014008914.
Efficacy and safety of nesiritide in patients with decompensated heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomised trials
Authors: Gong Bojun , Wu Zhineng , Li Zicheng 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesCurrent evidence suggests that nesiritide may have effects on renal function and decrease the incidence of mortality. However, a clear superiority using nesiritide in terms of renal toxicity and mortality in patients with heart failure was not consistently proven by previous studies. We performed a meta-analysis of all randomised trials to obtain the best estimates of efficacy and safety of nesiritide for the initial treatment of decompensated heart failure.MethodWe performed a meta-analysis of randomised trials of nesiritide in patients with decompensated heart failure (n=38 064 patients, in 22 trials). Two reviewers independently extracted data. Data on efficacy and safety outcomes were collected. We calculated pooled relatives risk (RRs), weighted mean difference and associated 95% CIs.ResultsCompared with placebo, dobutamine and nitroglycerin, nesiritide indicated no increasing risk of total mortality. Compared with the combined control therapy, nesiritide was associated with non-significant differences in short-term mortality (RR 1.24; 95% CI 0.85 to 1.80; p=0.27), mid-term mortality (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.60 to 1.24; p=0.42) and long-term mortality (RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.18; p=0.61). Nesiritide therapy increased the risk of hypotension (p<0.00 001) and bradycardia (p=0.02) when compared with control therapy. Compared with dobutamine or placebo therapy, no differences in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine clearance, and no risk of the need for dialysis was observed in nesiritide therapy.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that, in patients with heart failure, nesiritide was not associated with the risk of mortality. However, it increased the risk of cardiovascular adverse events. The change of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance had no significant difference, and no risk of the need for dialysis was observed after low-dose nesiritide treatment.
Migration to the Downtown Eastside neighbourhood of Vancouver and changes in service use in a cohort of mentally ill homeless adults: a 10-year retrospective study
Authors: Somers Julian M , Moniruzzaman Akm , Rezansoff Stefanie N 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesLittle research has investigated the role of migration as a potential contributor to the spatial concentration of homeless people with complex health and social needs. In addition, little is known concerning the relationship between possible migration and changes in levels of service use over time. We hypothesised that homeless, mentally ill individuals living in a concentrated urban setting had migrated from elsewhere over a 10-year period, in association with significant increases in the use of public services.SettingRecruitment was concentrated in the Downtown Eastside neighbourhood of Vancouver, Canada.ParticipantsParticipants (n=433) met criteria for chronic homelessness and serious mental illness, and provided consent to access administrative data.MethodsLinked administrative data were used to retrospectively examine geographic relocation as well as rates of health, justice, and social welfare service utilisation in each of the 10 years prior to recruitment. Generalised estimating equations were used to estimate the effect of migration on service use.ResultsOver a 10-year period there was significant movement into Vancouver's Downtown Eastside neighbourhood (from 17% to 52% of the cohort). During the same period, there were significant annual increases in community medical services (adjusted rate ratio (ARR) per year=1.08; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.10), hospital admissions (ARR=1.08; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.11), criminal convictions (ARR=1.08; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13), and financial assistance payments (ARR=1.04; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.06). Migration was significantly associated with financial assistance, but not with other types of services.ConclusionsSignificant increases in service use over a 10-year period coincided with significant migration into an urban area where relevant services were concentrated. These results highlight opportunities for early intervention in spatially diverse neighbourhoods to interrupt trajectories marked by worsening health and extremely high service involvement. Further research is urgently needed to investigate the causal relationships between physical migration, health and social welfare, and escalating use of public services.Trial registration numbersISRCTN57595077 andISRCTN66721740; Post-results.
Understanding influences and decisions of households with children with asthma regarding temperature and humidity in the home in winter: a qualitative study
Authors: Tod Angela Mary , Nelson Peter , Cronin de Chavez Anna , Homer Catherine , Powell-Hoyland Vanessa , Stocks Amanda 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesThis study aimed to understand the influences and decisions of households with children with asthma regarding keeping warm and well at home in winter.SettingCommunity settings in Rotherham and Doncaster, South Yorkshire, UK.ParticipantsIndividuals from 35 families and 25 health, education and social care staff underwent interview. 5 group interviews were held, 1 with parents (n=20) and 4 with staff (n=25).Outcome measuresThis qualitative study incorporated in-depth, semistructured individual and group interviews, framework analysis and social marketing segmentation techniques.ResultsThe research identifies a range of psychological and contextual influences on parents that may inadvertently place a child with asthma at risk of cold, damp and worsening health in a home. Parents have to balance a range of factors to manage fluctuating temperatures, damp conditions and mould. Participants were constantly assessing their family's needs against the resources available to them. Influences, barriers and needs interacted in ways that meant they made ‘trade-offs’ that drove their behaviour regarding the temperature and humidity of the home, including partial self-disconnection from their energy supply. Evidence was also seen of parents lacking knowledge and understanding while working their way through conflicting and confusing information or advice from a range of professionals including health, social care and housing. Pressure on parents was increased when they had to provide help and support for extended family and friends.ConclusionsThe findings illustrate how and why a child with asthma may be at risk of a cold home. A ‘trade-off model’ has been developed as an output of the research to explain the competing demands on families. Messages emerge about the importance of tailored advice and information to families vulnerable to cold-related harm.
Leisure time physical activity and subsequent physical and mental health functioning among midlife Finnish, British and Japanese employees: a follow-up study in three occupational cohorts
Authors: Lahti Jouni , Sabia Séverine , Singh-Manoux Archana , Kivimäki Mika , Tatsuse Takashi , Yamada Masaaki , Sekine Michikazu , Lallukka Tea 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine whether leisure time physical activity contributes to subsequent physical and mental health functioning among midlife employees. The associations were tested in three occupational cohorts from Finland, Britain and Japan.DesignCohort study.SettingFinland, Britain and Japan.ParticipantsProspective employee cohorts from the Finnish Helsinki Health Study (2000–2002 and 2007, n=5958), British Whitehall II study (1997–1999 and 2003–2004, n=4142) and Japanese Civil Servants Study (1998–1999 and 2003, n=1768) were used. Leisure time physical activity was classified into three groups: inactive, moderately active and vigorously active.Primary outcome measureMean scores of physical and mental health functioning (SF-36) at follow-up were examined.ResultsPhysical activity was associated with better subsequent physical health functioning in all three cohorts, however, with varying magnitude and some gender differences. Differences were the clearest among Finnish women (inactive: 46.0, vigorously active: 49.5) and men (inactive: 47.8, active vigorous: 51.1) and British women (inactive: 47.3, active vigorous: 50.4). In mental health functioning, the differences were generally smaller and not that clearly related to the intensity of physical activity. Emerging differences in health functioning were relatively small.ConclusionsVigorous physical activity was associated with better subsequent physical health functioning in all three cohorts with varying magnitude. For mental health functioning, the intensity of physical activity was less important. Promoting leisure time physical activity may prove useful for the maintenance of health functioning among midlife employees.
Preovulatory uterine flushing with saline as a treatment for unexplained infertility: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Maheux-Lacroix Sarah , Dodin Sylvie , Moore Lynne , Bujold Emmanuel , Lefebvre Jessica , Bergeron Marie-Ève 
Published: January 2016

IntroductionIn vitro fertilisation (IVF) is the treatment of choice for unexplained infertility. Preovulatory uterine flushing could reduce intrauterine debris and inflammatory factors preventing pregnancy and constitute an alternative to IVF. Our objective is to assess the efficacy of preovulatory uterine flushing with physiological saline for the treatment of unexplained infertility.Methods and analysisWe will perform a randomised controlled trial based on consecutive women aged between 18 and 37 years consulting for unexplained infertility for at least 1 year. On the day of their luteinising hormone surge, 192 participants will be randomised in two equal groups to either receive 20 mL of physiological saline by an intrauterine catheter or 10 mL of saline intravaginally. We will assess relative risk of live birth (primary outcome), as well as pregnancy (secondary outcome) over one cycle of treatment. We will report the side effects, complications and acceptability of the intervention.Ethics and disseminationThis project was approved by the Ethics committee of theCentre Hospitatlier Universitaire de Quebec(no 2015–1146). Uterine flushing is usually well tolerated by women and would constitute a simple, affordable and minimally invasive treatment for unexplained infertility. We plan to communicate the results of the review by presenting research abstracts at conferences and by publishing the results in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT02539290; Pre-results.
Predictors of inhospital mortality following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Insights from a single-centre consecutive case series
Authors: Whittaker Andrew , Lehal Manpreet , Calver Alison L , Corbett Simon , Deakin Charles D , Gray Huon , Simpson Iain , Wilkinson James R , Curzen Nicholas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurpose of the studyOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has a poor prognosis despite bystander resuscitation and rapid transfer to hospital. Optimal management of patients after arrival to hospital continues to be contentious, especially the timing of emergency coronary angiography±revascularisation. Robust predictors of inhospital outcome would be of clinical value for initial decision-making.Study designA retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who presented to a university hospital following OHCA over a 70-month period (2008–2013). Patients were identified from the emergency department electronic patient registration and coding system. For those patients who underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention, details were crosschecked with national databases.ResultsWe identified 350 consecutive patients who were brought to our hospital following OHCA. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) for &gt;20 min was achieved either before arrival or inhospital in 196 individuals. From the 350 subjects, 114 (32.6%) survived to hospital discharge. When sustained ROSC was achieved, either before or inhospital, survival to discharge was 58.2% (114 of 196). Non-shockable rhythm, absence of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ‘downtime’ &gt;15 min and initial pH ≤7.11 were predictors of inhospital death. 12% patients who underwent angiography in the presence of ST elevation had no acute coronary occlusion. 21% patients with acute coronary occlusion at angiography did not have ST elevation.ConclusionsIn our cohort of patients with OHCA, those who achieve ROSC had a survival-to-discharge rate of 58.2%. We identified four predictors of inhospital death, which are readily available at the time of patient presentation. Reliance on ST elevation to decide about coronary angiography and revascularisation may be flawed. More data are required.
Review of chrono-, litho- and biostratigraphy across the global Hangenberg Crisis and Devonian–Carboniferous Boundary
Authors: Becker Ralph Thomas , Kaiser Sandra Isabella , Aretz Markus 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Chrono-, litho- and biostratigraphy across the Devonian–Carboniferous transition are reviewed to provide a precise time framework for the global Hangenberg Crisis and for the current search for a revised basal Carboniferous Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP). The outer shelf deposits of the Rhenish Massif (Germany) form a lithological standard. Pre- (main Wocklum Limestone), lower (top Wocklum Limestone/Drewer Sandstone to Hangenberg Black Shale), middle (Hangenberg Shale/Sandstone), upper (Stockum Limestone), and post-crisis (Hangenberg Limestone) deposits are defined. Combined with the conodont, ammonoid and miospore zonations and eustatic trends, this succession can be correlated internationally. The contemporaneous successions of the Ardennes serve as a reference for shallow shelf settings. The positive and negative aspects of five options for a redefined Devonian–Carboniferous boundary level are discussed: (1) base of the black shale (main extinction level, base of
Bispathodus costatus–Protognathodus kockeli
Interregnum and LN Zone), (2) sequence boundary (widespread unconformities) or glacial and regressive peak (base of Hangenberg Sandstone), (3) base of the
kockeli
Zone and of initial postglacial transgression (base of lower Stockum Limestone), (4) entry of
Siphonodella
(
Eosiphonodella
)
sulcata
(base of upper Stockum Limestone), and (5) base of post-crisis interval (base of Hangenberg Limestone), at approximately the poorly correlated current GSSP level. Due to homonymy,
Siphonodella
(
Siphonodella
)
hassi
Ji, 1985 is renamed as
Siphonodella
(
Siphonodella
)
jii
nom. nov. Consequently, the mid-lower Tournaisian
S.
(
S
.)
hassi
Zone (previous Upper
S.
(
S.
)
duplicata
Zone) becomes the
S.
(
S.
)
jii
Zone.
Did Pyrenean glaciers dance to the beat of global climatic events? Evidence from the Würmian sequence stratigraphy of an ice-dammed palaeolake depocentre in Andorra
Authors: Turu Valentí , Calvet Marc , Bordonau Jaume , Gunnell Yanni , Delmas Magali , Manuel Vilaplana Joan , Jalut Guy 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The ice-marginal depositional sequence of La Massana provides a chronostratigraphic benchmark for reconstructing the Würmian glacial evolution of the Valira catchment in Andorra, SE Pyrenees. The sedimentary record of Andorra confirms the asynchronous chronology of glacier fluctuations in different parts of the Pyrenean mountain range. A major ice recession occurred at the end of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4. High magnitude valley-glacier fluctuations during MIS 3 constitute another important finding. Major readvances occurred toward the end of MIS 3, whereas MIS 2 (in particular, the global Last Glacial Maximum, or LGM) featured sharp contrasts in ice recession rates between Pyrenean valleys. Substantial distances separated MIS 4 glacier fronts (the Würmian maximum ice extent, or MIE) from those reached during the global LGM, in contrast to situations in the eastern Pyrenees, where Würmian MIE and global LGM ice fronts nearly coincided. Overall, the Valira glaciers reveal patterns that are more similar to those recorded elsewhere in the western and central Pyrenees than in the eastern Pyrenees. The rapid fluctuations recorded by Andorran glaciers during the second half of the Würm also suggest a response to global forcing events such as Heinrich events in the North Atlantic.
JavaScript Parallelizing Compiler for Exploiting Parallelism from Data-Parallel HTML5 Applications
Authors: Na Yeoul , Kim Seon Wook , Han Youngsun 
Published: January 2016

With the advent of the HTML5 standard, JavaScript is increasingly processing computationally intensive, data-parallel workloads. Thus, the enhancement of JavaScript performance has been emphasized because the performance gap between JavaScript and native applications is still substantial. Despite this urgency, conventional JavaScript compilers do not exploit much of parallelism even from data-parallel JavaScript applications, despite contemporary mobile devices being equipped with expensive parallel hardware platforms, such as multicore processors and GPGPUs.
In this article, we propose an automatically parallelizing JavaScript compiler that targets emerging, data-parallel HTML5 applications by leveraging the mature affine loop analysis of conventional static compilers. We identify that the most critical issues when parallelizing JavaScript with a conventional static analysis are ensuring correct parallelization, minimizing compilation overhead, and conducting low-cost recovery when there is a speculation failure during parallel execution. We propose a mechanism for safely handling the failure at a low cost, based on compiler techniques and the property of idempotence. Our experiment shows that the proposed JavaScript parallelizing compiler detects most affine parallel loops. Also, we achieved a maximum speedup of 3.22 times on a quad-core system, while incurring negligible compilation and recovery overheads with various sets of data-parallel HTML5 applications.