bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Stocking Density during Second‐Year Growth of Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides, Raised Indoors in a Recirculating Aquaculture System
Authors: Watts Chelsea , Bright Leigh Anne , Coyle Shawn , Tidwell James 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLargemouth bass (LMB), Micropterus salmoides, are a highly desirable food fish especially among Asian populations in large cities throughout North America. The primary production method for food‐size LMB (>500 g) has been outdoor ponds that require two growing seasons (18 mo). Indoor, controlled‐environment production using recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) technologies could potentially reduce the growout period by maintaining ideal temperatures year‐round. Researchers conducted a 26‐wk study to evaluate optimal stocking densities for growout of second‐year LMB to food‐fish size in an indoor RAS. LMB fingerlings (112.0 ± 38.0 g) were randomly stocked into nine 900‐L tanks to achieve densities of 30, 60, or 120 fish/m3 with three replicate tanks per density. The RAS consisted of a 3000‐L sump, ¼ hp pump, bead filter for solids removal, mixed‐moving‐bed biofilter for nitrification, and a 400‐watt ultraviolet light for sterilization. Fish were fed a commercially available floating diet (45% protein and 16% lipid) once daily to apparent satiation. At harvest, all fish were counted, individually weighed, and measured. Total biomass densities significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) with stocking rate achieving 6.2, 13.2, and 22.9 kg/m3 for fish stocked at 20, 60, and 120 fish/m3, respectively. The stocking densities evaluated had no significant impact (P > 0.05) on survival, average harvest weight, or feed conversion ratio which averaged 92.9 ± 5.8%, 294.5 ± 21.1 g, and 1.8 ± 0.3, respectively. After approximately 6 mo of culture, LMB did not attain target weights of >500 g. Observed competition among fish likely resulted in large size variability and overall poor growth compared to second‐year growth in ponds. Additional research is needed to better assess the suitability of LMB for culture in RAS.
Transfusion‐related alloimmunization in children: epidemiology and effects of chemotherapy
Authors: Solh Z. , Athale U. , Arnold D. M. , Cook R. J. , Foley R. , Heddle N. M. 
Published: May 2016

Background & ObjectivesAlloimmunization rates following red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in paediatric oncology are not known. This study aimed to: (1) describe frequency and specificity of alloantibodies in paediatric oncology patients after RBC transfusions; (2) determine the effect of chemotherapy on alloimmunization rate.Materials & MethodsRetrospective cohort study of paediatric patients at a tertiary care hospital is evaluated by two groups: control group, paediatric patients without cancer; study group, paediatric oncology patients who received chemotherapy. Alloimmunization was defined as clinically significant IgG alloantibody formation against RBC antigens.ResultsA total of 1273 children were evaluated including 324 in study group, 909 controls, and 40 haemoglobinopathy patients. Overall, frequency of alloimmunization was 1·5%: 0·3% (95% CI: 0, 1·90) in study group; 1·3% (95% CI: 0·73, 2·32) in control group and 15% in haemoglobinopathies. The association between chemotherapy and alloimmunization was not significant; P value = 0·20 Fisher's exact test, OR 0·23 (95% CI: 0·03, 1·79).ConclusionThis is the first study exploring RBC alloimmunization in paediatric patients by diagnosis. Alloimmunization frequency was low. It was not possible to determine an association between chemotherapy and alloimmunization due to the low event rate.
The distribution of MNS hybrid glycophorins with Mur antigen expression in Chinese donors including identification of a novel GYP.Bun allele
Authors: Wei L. , Shan Z. G. , Flower R. L. , Wang Z. , Wen J. Z. , Luo G. P. , Ji Y. L. 
Published: May 2016

Background and ObjectivesMNS hybrid glycophorins are identified by characteristic antigen profiles. One of these is the Mur antigen, which is expressed on red cell hybrid glycophorins of several phenotypes of the ‘Miltenberger’ series found predominantly in East Asian population. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of Mur‐positive hybrid glycophorins and clarify the genetic basis in the donors from southern China.Materials and MethodsBlood samples from 528 donors were collected for Mur antigen serological typing. Sequencing of GYPB pseudoexon 3 and MNS phenotyping were conducted in Mur‐positive samples. The multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to confirm the zygosity of the GYP.Mur allele and determine the MNSs genotype. The expression of Mur antigen was evaluated by flow cytometry.ResultsFifty‐one Mur‐positive samples were identified by serological testing. Sequencing analysis showed 50 donors (50/528, 9.5%) with the GYP.Mur allele (48 heterozygotes and two homozygotes), which were confirmed by the MLPA genotyping analysis, and one donor (1/528, 0.19%) with a novel GYP.Bun allele. Flow cytometry analysis revealed higher Mur antigen expression on GP.Mur (Mi.III) homozygotes than heterozygotes. For the GYP.Mur homozygotes, an incorrect ‘N’ positive typing with anti‐N lectin was obtained.ConclusionGP.Mur (Mi.III) is the main Mur‐positive hybrid glycophorin in Guangzhou donors. The dosage effect of Mur antigen observed provides a basis for selecting the homozygous GP.Mur RBCs as the reagent cells to avoid neglecting weak antibodies. A separate GYP.Bun lineage found in the southern China provides evidence for further complexity in the MNS system.
Glutamate transporter activity promotes enhanced Na+/K+‐ATPase‐mediated extracellular K+ management during neuronal activity
Authors: Larsen Brian Roland , Holm Rikke , Vilsen Bente , MacAulay Nanna 
Published: May 2016

Key points
Management of glutamate and K+ in brain extracellular space is of critical importance to neuronal function.
The astrocytic α2β2 Na+/K+‐ATPase isoform combination is activated by the K+ transients occurring during neuronal activity.
In the present study, we report that glutamate transporter‐mediated astrocytic Na+ transients stimulate the Na+/K+‐ATPase and thus the clearance of extracellular K+.
Specifically, the astrocytic α2β1 Na+/K+‐ATPase subunit combination displays an apparent Na+ affinity primed to react to physiological changes in intracellular Na+.
Accordingly, we demonstrate a distinct physiological role in K+ management for each of the two astrocytic Na+/K+‐ATPase β‐subunits.
AbstractNeuronal activity is associated with transient [K+]o increases. The excess K+ is cleared by surrounding astrocytes, partly by the Na+/K+‐ATPase of which several subunit isoform combinations exist. The astrocytic Na+/K+‐ATPase α2β2 isoform constellation responds directly to increased [K+]o but, in addition, Na+/K+‐ATPase‐mediated K+ clearance could be governed by astrocytic [Na+]i. During most neuronal activity, glutamate is released in the synaptic cleft and is re‐absorbed by astrocytic Na+‐coupled glutamate transporters, thereby elevating [Na+]i. It thus remains unresolved whether the different Na+/K+‐ATPase isoforms are controlled by [K+]o or [Na+]i during neuronal activity. Hippocampal slice recordings of stimulus‐induced [K+]o transients with ion‐sensitive microelectrodes revealed reduced Na+/K+‐ATPase‐mediated K+ management upon parallel inhibition of the glutamate transporter. The apparent intracellular Na+ affinity of isoform constellations involving the astrocytic β2 has remained elusive as a result of inherent expression of β1 in most cell systems, as well as technical challenges involved in measuring intracellular affinity in intact cells. We therefore expressed the different astrocytic isoform constellations in Xenopus oocytes and determined their apparent Na+ affinity in intact oocytes and isolated membranes. The Na+/K+‐ATPase was not fully saturated at basal astrocytic [Na+]i, irrespective of isoform constellation, although the β1 subunit conferred lower apparent Na+ affinity to the α1 and α2 isoforms than the β2 isoform. In summary, enhanced astrocytic Na+/K+‐ATPase‐dependent K+ clearance was obtained with parallel glutamate transport activity. The astrocytic Na+/K+‐ATPase isoform constellation α2β1 appeared to be specifically geared to respond to the [Na+]i transients associated with activity‐induced glutamate transporter activity.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Reference Stock of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus RNA (SIVmac251/32H/L28) Determined by Deep Sequencing
Authors: Jenkins Adrian , Ham Claire , Almond Neil , Berry Neil 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
A reference preparation for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) RNA nucleic acid assays was characterized by complete genome deep sequencing. The entire coding sequence and flanking long terminal repeats, including minority species, were determined. This information will inform SIV research investigations and aid evaluation and development of amplification assays for SIV RNA quantification.
Genome Sequence of
Madurella mycetomatis
mm55, Isolated from a Human Mycetoma Case in Sudan
Authors: Smit Sandra , Derks Martijn F. L. , Bervoets Sander , Fahal Ahmed , van Leeuwen Willem , van Belkum Alex , van de Sande Wendy W. J. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

We present the first genome sequence for a strain of the main mycetoma causative agent,
Madurella mycetomatis
. This 36.7-Mb genome sequence will offer new insights into the pathogenesis of mycetoma, and it will contribute to the development of better therapies for this neglected tropical disease.
Improved High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas fluorescens KENGFT3
Authors: Town Jennifer , Cui Nina , Audy Patrice , Boyetchko Sue , Dumonceaux Tim J. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas
sp. strain KENGFT3 inhibits the growth of
Phytophthora infestans
and is a potentially useful biopesticide for plant diseases, including potato late blight. We sequenced the 6.2-Mbp genome of this strain and assembled it into a single scaffold with 9 contigs. KENGFT3 is related to previously sequenced strains of
P. fluorescens
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas fluorescens LBUM636, a Strain with Biocontrol Capabilities against Late Blight of Potato
Authors: Morrison Christopher K. , Novinscak Amy , Gadkar Vijay J. , Joly David L. , Filion Martin 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Herein provided is the full-genome sequence of
Pseudomonas fluorescens
LBUM636. This strain is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) which produces phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, an antibiotic involved in the biocontrol of numerous plant pathogens, including late blight of potato caused by the plant pathogen
Phytophthora infestans
.
Effects of deregulation of the driving licence application process on road safety in Korea: an interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Oh Juhwan , Eun Sang Jun , Kim Hee-Sook 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundRoad traffic deaths (RTDs) remain the 9th most common cause of mortality in South Korea despite their decreasing trends in high-income countries. In 2010 and 2011, the Korean government deregulated the process for obtaining a driving licence, and there has been significant concern that such deregulation of the driving licence policy could reduce road safety. This study aimed to explore the effects of the deregulation of driving licence policy on road safety by examining the incidence of road traffic collisions (RTCs), road traffic injuries (RTIs) and RTDs.MethodsThe monthly incidence of RTCs, RTIs and RTDs was generated by using numbers of RTCs, RTIs and RTDs as numerators and numbers of registered vehicles as denominators. Changes in incidence since the deregulation implementation in February 2010 (phase I) and June 2011 (phase II) were evaluated via interrupted time-series analysis.ResultsThe second deregulation phase demonstrated significant changes in numbers of RTCs and RTIs: numbers of RTCs and RTIs decreased until they began to increase in November 2011. Since then, the monthly incidence of RTCs and RTIs have increased by 133.5 and 123.8 per 100 000 vehicles per month, respectively (p<0.05). RTD secular trends began to increase consecutively at rates of 0.024 (June 2010), 0.018 (between July 2010 and June 2011) and 0.273 (July 2011 onward) per 100 000 vehicles per month. Over the entire study period, the RTD incidence rate increased by 0.018 deaths per month on average subsequent to the first deregulation phase (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe deregulation policies that simplified the driving licence process were associated with increased incidence of RTCs, RTIs and RTDs in Korea.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АНГІОАРХІТЕКТОНІКИ ШЛУНКА щУРІВ У НОРМІ
Authors: Беденюк О. А. , Герасимюк І. Є. 
Published: May 2016

<p> Експерименти проведено на 12-ти інтактних білих лабораторних щурах. Для гістологічного дослідження забирали шматочки тканин із різних відділів шлунка. Морфометричну оцінку інтраорганних судин здійснювали за допомогою окуляр-мікрометра МОВ-1-15× шляхом визначення величини зовнішнього (d) і внутрішнього (d<sub>1</sub>) діаметрів, товщини м’язової оболонки. Оцінку функціонального стану судин проводили шляхом вирахування індексу Вогенворта. Просторову організацію кровоносного русла вивчали на контрастних рентгенангіограмах. Джерелом кровопостачання шлунка є непарна черевна артерія, яка відходить від аорти відразу під ніжками діафрагми. Від черевної артерії відгалужується ліва шлункова артерія, яка, повертаючи до кардіального отвору, розділяється на дві гілки, що ідуть до обох поверхонь шлунка. Водночас, у шлунку щурів не контуруються шлунково-сальникові артерії по його великій кривизні. При кількісній оцінці рентгенангіограм було встановлено, що діаметр лівої шлункової артерії складав (0,81±0,01) мм, зменшуючись поступово у міру галуження судин. Щодо ступеня симетрії H2, то він, навпаки, наростав із кожним порядком галуження, причому його приріст із кожною наступною біфуркацією сягав 16–19 %, наростав також коефіцієнт галуження k. При обчисленні коефіцієнта звивистості було отримано наступні дані в судинах різної генерації: у галуженнях першого порядку Δt = 6,67±1,05, у галуженнях другого порядку Δt = 7,50±1,71 і у галуженнях третього порядку Δt = 10,83±1,54. результати проведених морфометричних досліджень артеріального русла шлунка інтактних щурів дозволили встановити зменшення діаметра просвіту і товщини середньої оболонки з векторним спрямуванням від магістральних судин до капілярів. разом з тим, індекс Вогенворта мав протилежну спрямованість, тобто із зменшенням калібру судин величина даного показника наростала, що може бути відображенням функціонального стану і функціональної активності різних за калібром судин. Тобто іншими словами, із зменшенням калібру артерій зростає їх вазомоторний потенціал. Причому градієнт зниження рівня індексу Вогенворта від попереднього порядку до наступного складав 20–23 %.</p>
Detecting magnetic ordering with atomic size electron probes
Authors: Idrobo Juan Carlos , Rusz Ján , Spiegelberg Jakob , McGuire Michael A. , Symons Christopher T. , Vatsavai Ranga Raju , Cantoni Claudia , Lupini Andrew R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough magnetism originates at the atomic scale, the existing spectroscopic techniques sensitive to magnetic signals only produce spectra with spatial resolution on a larger scale. However, recently, it has been theoretically argued that atomic size electron probes with customized phase distributions can detect magnetic circular dichroism. Here, we report a direct experimental real-space detection of magnetic circular dichroism in aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Using an atomic size-aberrated electron probe with a customized phase distribution, we reveal the checkerboard antiferromagnetic ordering of Mn moments in LaMnAsO by observing a dichroic signal in the Mn L-edge. The novel experimental setup presented here, which can easily be implemented in aberration-corrected STEM, opens new paths for probing dichroic signals in materials with unprecedented spatial resolution.
Effects of flanker type and position on foveal letter recognition
Authors: Hairol Mohd Izzuddin , Omair Qazi Mohamad , Kaur Sharanjeet 
Published: May 2016

Our ability to identify a foveally viewed letter at resolution threshold reduces when flankers are placed at a certain distance from it, compared to when it is presented on its own. In this study, we investigated how type and position of flankers influences foveal letter recognition. We measured participants’ performance to identify unflanked Sheridan-Gardiner letters (A, H, O, U, T, V or X), using a seven-alternative-forced-choice paradigm with the method of constant stimuli to obtain 80-90% correct response. Performance was measured again to identify a target letter in the presence of different flanker types. Flankers were bars and letters (placed either to the left and right of the target, above and below the target or on four sides of the target), and a surrounding box. Separation between the target letter and flankers varied between zero (abutting) and ten stroke widths (two letter sizes). For all flanker types, separation between the target ad the flankers significantly influenced performance (all p < 0.0001). Flankers abutting the target and at separation of one stroke width caused the largest reduction in performance, regardless of flanker type. For bar flankers, the largest drop in performance (up to 50 percent) occurred with bars placed on all four sides of the target. For letter flankers, flankers placed above and below the target reduced performance as much as four surrounding flankers. At separation of one stroke width, flanking letters and bars caused a further 10% reduction in performance than a surrounding box. Our results would have significant implications on the design of crowded visual acuity charts, especially those that are available on the market, which have different crowding features between them.
Pseudotumour formation and subsequent resolution in metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty following revision
Authors: Sassoon A. A. , Barrack R. L. 
Published: May 2016

The use of large-diameter metal-on-metal (MoM) components in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with an increased risk of early failure due to adverse local tissue reaction to metal debris (ARMD) in response to the release of metal ions from the bearing couple and/or head-neck taper corrosion. The aim of this paper was to present a review of the incidence and natural history of ARMD and the forms of treatment, with a focus on the need for and extent of resection or debulking of the pseudotumour. An illustrative case report is presented of a patient with an intra-pelvic pseudotumour associated with a large diameter MoM THA, which was treated successfully with revision of the bearing surface to a dual mobility couple and retention of the well-fixed acetabular and femoral components. The pseudotumour was left in situ. Resolution of the intra-pelvic mass and normalisation of metal ion levels was observed seven months post-operatively. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:736–40.
Efficient synthesis of N-arylsulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles from 1,1-dibromo-2-arylethylenes
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Zhang Wensheng , Zhang Fei 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

N-arylsulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized from 1,1-dibromo-2-arylethylenes via a one-pot reaction involving the Cs2CO3-mediated dehydrobromination process of the dibromoalkenes to produce alkynes followed by the Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition of the alkyne intermediates with tosyl azide.
Asymptotic behaviour of solutions to one-dimensional reaction diffusion cooperative systems involving infinitesimal generators
Authors: Yangari Miguel 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the large-time behaviour of mild solutions to the one-dimensional cooperative systems with anomalous diffusion when at least one entry of the initial condition decays slower than a power. We prove that the solution moves at least exponentially fast as time goes to infinity. Moreover, the exponent of propagation depends on the decay of the initial condition and of the reaction term.
A Spatial Analysis of GEOID03 and GEOID09 in Connecticut
Authors: Arifuzzaman Kazi , Hintz Raymond J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) recommends using a hybrid geoid model to derive orthometric heights from ellipsoid heights. The accuracy of GEOID03 and GEOID09 were assessed independently in Connecticut. The present research analyses the spatial behavior of residuals derived from the comparison of differential levelled NAVD 88 orthometric heights and GPS-derived orthometric heights (using GEOID03 & GEOID09) at 72 benchmarks in Connecticut. Both geometrical and geostatistical analyses were performed on the residuals. A planar regression model indicates a weak spatial relation for residuals derived from GEOID03. This weakness was not noted in the analysis of residuals derived from GEOID09. Results of a four-parameter regression model does not indicate any need for a correction surface. A kriging surface was created with a fitted spherical semivariogram model and suggests GEOID09 captures more spatial variability of geoid undulation than GEOID03 in Connecticut.
Der Fuzzy-Set-Ansatz in der Armutsmessung / A Fuzzy Set Approach to Poverty Measurement
Authors: Schaich Eberhard , Münnich Ralf 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
Das Instrumentarium der Fuzzy-Set-Theorie bietet die Möglichkeit, bei der Armutsmessung jeder Einheit einen Grad der Zugehörigkeit zur Gesamtheit der Armen zuzuordnen. Eine scharfe Armutsgrenze, wie sie bei traditioneller Armutsmessung benötigt wird, ist entbehrlich. Darüber hinaus kann diese Idee auch bei mehreren Armutsvariablen berücksichtigt werden.
Einige herkömmliche eindimensionale Armutsmaße lassen sich auf Fuzzy-Set-Grundlage unter Heranziehung von Zugehörigkeitsfunktionen im Sinne des Fuzzy-Set-Ansatzes neu interpretieren. An solche Funktionen sind aus der Sicht der eindimensionalen Armutsmessung spezielle Anforderungen zu stellen. Hierbei werden zwei grundlegend verschiedene Fälle unterschieden. Für den einfacheren Fall einer unteren Armutsgrenze 0 erweist sich die Klasse der Armutsmaße von Foster, Greer und Thorbecke (1984) unter einer Parameterrestriktion als allen anderen Armutsmaßen deutlich überlegen. Auf der Grundlage dieses Befundes lassen sich Verfahren der mehrdimensionalen Armutsmessung entwickeln, die für Anwendungen besonders attraktiv sind, weil sie nur wenige Parameterfestlegungen erfordern.
Dauerhafte öffentliche (Un-)Güter: Ist eine myopische Regulierung von CO2-Emissionen besser als keine? / Durable Public Bads: Is a Myopie Regulation of CO2 - Emissions Preferable to no Regulation?
Authors: Wagner Thomas 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
In der Standardanwendung der Samuelson-Regel Σ GRS = GRT ist das öffentliche Gut ein Verbrauchsgut. Welches ist der optimale Bestand/die optimale Nutzungsdauer eines dauerhaften öffentlichen Gutes? Ein Spezialfall dieses Problems öffentlicher Güter wird untersucht und für eine OLG-Ökonomie die Samuelson-Regel modifiziert. Das (Un-)Gut hat die Eigenschaften anthropogener Spurengase und wirkt als akkumulativer, wirkungsverzögerter negativer externer Effekt im Konsum. Neben Samuelsons Regel werden die gleichgewichtigen Wachstumspfade für laissez-faire-Ökonomien und mit Emissionslizenzen regulierte Marktwirtschaften analysiert. Dient die Umweltpolitik kurzsichtig den jungen Generationen, so ist der steady state der regulierten Marktwirtschaft u.U. eine Pareto-Verschlechterung gegenüber dem steady state der laissez- faire-Okonomie. Die verursachenden Umstände sind wesentlich von der Verweildauer des Schadstoffes bestimmt.