bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulatory effect of Mangifera indica against carbon tetrachloride induced kidney damage in rats
Authors: Awodele Olufunsho , Adeneye Adejuwon Adewale , Aiyeola Sheriff Aboyade , Benebo Adokiye Senibo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
There is little scientific evidence on the local use of Mangifera indica in kidney diseases. This study investigated the reno-modulatory roles of the aqueous stem bark extract of Mangifera indica (MIASE) against CCl4-induced renal damage. Rats were treated intragastrically with 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day MIASE for 7 days before and after the administration of CCl4 (3 ml/kg of 30% CCl4, i.p.). Serum levels of electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl−, HCO3
−), urea and creatinine were determined. Renal tissue reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide (SOD) activities were also assessed. The histopathological changes in kidneys were determined using standard methods. In CCl4 treated rats the results showed significant (p<0.05) increases in serum Na+, K+, Cl−, urea and creatinine. CCl4 also caused significant (p<0.05) decreases in renal tissue SOD, CAT and GSH and significant (p<0.05) increases in MDA. The oral MIASE treatment (125–500 mg/kg) was found to significantly (p<0.05) attenuate the increase in serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. Similarly, MIASE significantly (p<0.05) attenuated the decrease in SOD, CAT and GSH levels and correspondingly attenuated increases in MAD. Mangifera indica may present a great prospect for drug development in the management of kidney disease with lipid peroxidation as its etiology.
Labordiagnostik bei der monoklonalen Gammopathie unklarer Signifikanz (MGUS)
Authors: Gässler Norbert C. 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung
In unserem Labor finden wir immer wieder bei der Durchführung der Serumelektrophorese oder bei der umfangreichen Liquordiagnostik (Reiber-Schema) als sogenannte Zufallsbefunde monoklonale Gammopathien. Sollten in der Tat keine klinischen Symptome hierfür charakteristisch sein so sprechen wir von der monoklonalen Gammopathie unbestimmter Signifikanz (MGUS). In der beiliegenden Publikation habe ich einen echten Zufallsbefund und zwei vermeintliche Zufallsbefunde beschrieben.
Laboratory testing for systemic autoimmune diseases
Authors: Diller Magnus , Fleck Martin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The detection of autoantibodies is well established in daily clinical practice for evaluation of systemic autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), connective tissue diseases and vasculitides. Rheumatoid factor (RF) or the anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) is only observed in approximately 80% of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-CarP autoantibodies might serve as a novel marker, filling this gap. The detection of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) facilitates the diagnosis of connective tissue diseases. Elevated levels of anti-centromer antibodies, anti-topoisomerase I [anti-Scl-70] antibodies and the anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies, which belong to the group of ANA, are frequently present in the serum of patients suffering from systemic sclerosis and are therefore incorporated into the new classification criteria. To establish the diagnosis of an antiphospholipid syndrome, the detection of the lupus anticoagulant and the aCL-/anti-β2GPI-antibodies of IgG, IgM and IgA isotypes plays a pivotal role. The anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are associated with vasculitides of small vessels. Screening with immunofluorescence testing (IFT) is established as the first step followed by additional immunoassays specific for proteinase 3 (PR3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) autoantibodies. Novel bedside test procedures for these antibodies allow an early diagnosis in critically ill patients. New biomarkers for polymyalgia rheumatic and for spondyloarthritides are also described, but their clinical relevance remains uncertain and necessitates further studies.
Estimated population size of two South American sea lion male haulouts from the northern coast of Argentina
Authors: Giardino Gisela , Bastida Julián , Mandiola M. Agustina , Bastida Ricardo , Rodríguez Diego 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Knowledge of the real size of any wild population is an essential tool to take management and conservation measures and even more so when the population studied may have potential conflicts with humans. Because of this, the objective of this study was to estimate the population size of two South American sea lion male haul-outs using mark-resighting techniques. The results showed that on average, the estimated total number of animals tripled the number of animals recorded by direct counting. These findings demonstrate that it is necessary to continue researching population estimate methods to apply when taking conservation measures in the future.
Chemoselective access to substituted butenolides via a radical cyclization pathway: mechanistic study, limits and application
Authors: Boussonnière Anne , Bénéteau Romain , Rouaud Jean-Christophe , Despiau Carole , Lebreton Jacques , Dénès Fabrice 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We developed a new approach to γ-lactols and methylene-γ-lactols based upon the radical cyclization of aluminium acetals obtained by reduction of α-bromoesters with DIBAL-H. The cyclic aluminium acetals resulting from the cyclization process could engage in situ in further functionalization, as illustrated by the Oppenauer-type oxidation to give the corresponding lactones and γ-butenolides. The preparation of butenolides using this strategy compared favourably with the direct, tin-mediated cyclization of α-bromoesters, for which side reactions such as epimerization via [1,5]-HAT processes have been observed.
Retrospective analysis of prenatal echcardiography findings in cases of congenital heart defects: comparison with postnatal pulmonary hypertension revealed by lungs histopathology (2010-2015)
Authors: Romanowicz Hanna , Czichos Ewa , Zych-Krekora Katarzyna , Krekora Michał , Słodki Maciej , Respondek-Liberska Maria 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Introduction:
It was retrospective analysis of prenatal echocardiography findings in fetuses with congenital heart defects, who died in our institution and had an autopsy exams in years 2010 - 2015.
Material and methods:
Among total 115 deaths the pulmonary hypertension based on histopathology criteria was present in 83 cases (72%) as a leading cause of their deaths. Out of 83 neonates 40 underwent prenatal echo, 43 did not, however in both groups there were similar types of heart defects.
Results:
The prenatal echo findings from study group (n=40), from the last echo before the delivery were compared with control group and group of HLHS who did survive neonatal surgery and were discharged from hospital. There were statistical differences between pulmonary artery/aorta ratio in fetuses in control group and fetuses in study group („pulmonary hypertension” after birth) (p=0,044). There were statistical differences between pre-delivery pulmonary artery/aorta ratio in fetuses in study group (with „pulmonary hypertension” after birth) and in group of fetuses with HLHS, alive & well after first surgery (p=0,027). There were no differences between pulmonary artery/ aorta ratio fetuses in control group and fetuses with HLHS, alive & well after first surgery (p=0,38)
Conclusion:
1) Pulmonary hypertension was a frequent cause of neonatal deaths among our series of congenital heart defects
2) Dilatation of pulmonary artery (and increased pulmonary/artery ratio ) in fetal echo just before delivery may be an important risk factor for poor neonatal outcome in congenital heart defects.)
Comments on a report of the aorto-pulmonary window (APW ) type I coexisting with pulmonary valve stenosis and occluded arterial duct, detected prenatally at 26 weeks of gestation
Authors: Rudziński Andrzej 
Published: March 2016

Summary
In the article a case of a little APW coincidented with pulmonary stenosis (the first such description in Poland) in 26-week-old fetus of a thirty-two-year-old woman, gravida 3, was presented1.
Phosphanchalkogenide und ihre Metallkomplexe. IV. Halogenierungsprodukte der Gold(I)halogenidkomplexe einiger Diphosphanmonochalkogenide
Authors: Taouss Christina , Jones Peter G. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Diphosphanegold(I) complexes of the form dppmEAuX [dppm = bis(diphenylphosphano)methane, E = S, Se; X = Br, I], dppeEAuX [dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphano)ethane; E = O, S; X = Br, I] and dppbzEAuX [dppbz = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphano)benzene; E = S, Se, X = Br, I] were treated with elemental X2. With dppm, the three products [dppmEAuX2]+X3
– (E = S, X = Br (1), I (2); E = Se, X = I (3) were obtained in quantitative yield. These are gold(III) complexes involving a five-membered ring . With dppe, the only related product was [dppeEAuBr2]+Br3
– (4), in which the central ring is six-membered with two carbon atoms. These dppe systems are very sensitive to oxidation/hydrolysis of the ligand, and several such unintended products were isolated and identified. The reaction of dppbzSAuBr with bromine leads to [dppbzS]2+[AuBr4]–Br– (5), the dication of which is formally 1,1,3,3-tetraphenylbenzo[d]-2-thia-1, 3-diphosphol-1,3-diium and contains a central five-membered ring . The dications are associated with the bromide anions via S…Br contacts of ca. 3.1 Å to form inversion-symmetric S2Br2 rings. The halogenation of the dppbzSe derivatives leads to loss of selenium and formation of dppbzAuBr3 (6), with [4+1] coordination at gold, or the known compound [dppbzAuI2]+I3
– (7). All products 1–6 were subjected to X-ray diffraction analyses, as were four hydrolysis products 4a–d and two further by-products [5(thtBr+)·2Br3
–·3(AuBr4
–)] (1a) and (tht)AuBr3 (1b). Compound 1a displays unusually short Br…Br contacts of 3.2398(8) Å between neighbouring tetrabromidoaurate(III) ions.
Menthol Alone Upregulates Midbrain nAChRs, Alters nAChR Subtype Stoichiometry, Alters Dopamine Neuron Firing Frequency, and Prevents Nicotine Reward
Authors: Henderson Brandon J. , Wall Teagan R. , Henley Beverley M. , Kim Charlene H. , Nichols Weston A. , Moaddel Ruin , Xiao Cheng , Lester Henry A. 
Published: March 2016

Upregulation of β2 subunit-containing (β2*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is implicated in several aspects of nicotine addiction, and menthol cigarette smokers tend to upregulate β2* nAChRs more than nonmenthol cigarette smokers. We investigated the effect of long-term menthol alone on midbrain neurons containing nAChRs. In midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons from mice containing fluorescent nAChR subunits, menthol alone increased the number of α4 and α6 nAChR subunits, but this upregulation did not occur in midbrain GABAergic neurons. Thus, chronic menthol produces a cell-type-selective upregulation of α4* nAChRs, complementing that of chronic nicotine alone, which upregulates α4 subunit-containing (α4*) nAChRs in GABAergic but not DA neurons. In mouse brain slices and cultured midbrain neurons, menthol reduced DA neuron firing frequency and altered DA neuron excitability following nAChR activation. Furthermore, menthol exposure before nicotine abolished nicotine reward-related behavior in mice. In neuroblastoma cells transfected with fluorescent nAChR subunits, exposure to 500 nmmenthol alone also increased nAChR number and favored the formation of (α4)3(β2)2nAChRs; this contrasts with the action of nicotine itself, which favors (α4)2(β2)3nAChRs. Menthol alone also increases the number of α6β2 receptors that exclude the β3 subunit. Thus, menthol stabilizes lower-sensitivity α4* and α6 subunit-containing nAChRs, possibly by acting as a chemical chaperone. The abolition of nicotine reward-related behavior may be mediated through menthol's ability to stabilize lower-sensitivity nAChRs and alter DA neuron excitability. We conclude that menthol is more than a tobacco flavorant: administered alone chronically, it alters midbrain DA neurons of the nicotine reward-related pathway.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMenthol, the most popular flavorant for tobacco products, has been considered simply a benign flavor additive. However, as we show here, menthol alone exerts several neurobiological changes. We are among the first to show that menthol, by itself, increases the number of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the mouse brain. It does so at a dose that matches nicotine in its ability to increase nAChR number. At this same dose, menthol also alters midbrain dopamine neuron function and prevents nicotine reward-related behavior. Together, our data show that menthol is more than an “inert” flavor additive and is able to change the function of midbrain dopamine neurons that are part of the mesolimbic reward pathway.
The Odorant Receptor-Dependent Role of Olfactory Marker Protein in Olfactory Receptor Neurons
Authors: Dibattista Michele , Reisert Johannes 
Published: March 2016

Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the nasal cavity detect and transduce odorants into action potentials to be conveyed to the olfactory bulb. Odorants are delivered to ORNs via the inhaled air at breathing frequencies that can vary from 2 to 10 Hz in the mouse. Thus olfactory transduction should occur at sufficient speed such that it can accommodate repetitive and frequent stimulation. Activation of odorant receptors (ORs) leads to adenylyl cyclase III activation, cAMP increase, and opening of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. This makes the kinetic regulation of cAMP one of the important determinants for the response time course. We addressed the dynamic regulation of cAMP during the odorant response and examined how basal levels of cAMP are controlled. The latter is particularly relevant as basal cAMP depends on the basal activity of the expressed OR and thus varies across ORNs. We found that olfactory marker protein (OMP), a protein expressed in mature ORNs, controls both basal and odorant-induced cAMP levels in an OR-dependent manner. Lack of OMP increases basal cAMP, thus abolishing differences in basal cAMP levels between ORNs expressing different ORs. Moreover, OMP speeds up signal transduction for ORNs to better synchronize their output with high-frequency stimulation and to perceive brief stimuli. Last, OMP also steepens the dose–response relation to improve concentration coding although at the cost of losing responses to weak stimuli. We conclude that OMP plays a key regulatory role in ORN physiology by controlling multiple facets of the odorant response.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOdorant receptors (ORs) form the largest family of G-protein-coupled receptors in mammals and are expressed in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). In this paper we show how the olfactory system ensures that monogenic expression of ORs dictates the response profile and the basal noise of ORNs. Olfactory marker protein (OMP), a protein long known to be expressed in mature ORNs, is responsible for controlling appropriate cAMP homeostasis and dynamics to ensure that the expressed OR is the main source of noise. In addition, OMP regulates the dynamic range of ORNs in an OR-dependent way to allow for concentration-dependent odor coding.
Interferência de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) e da Compactação do Solo no Crescimento do Feijão-Caupi
Authors: Pessôa U. C. M. , Silva Terceiro E. N. , Souza A. S. , Soares Filho A. A. , Pimenta T. A. 
Published: March 2016

<p>As plantas daninhas interferem no crescimento e desenvolvimento da cultura do feijão-caupi, podendo reduzir drasticamente a sua produtividade. Objetivou-se com o trabalho, avaliar a interferência de <em>Cyperus rotundus</em> e da compactação do solo no crescimento do feijão-caupi [<em>Vigna unguiculata</em> (L.) Walp]<ins cite="mailto:Bruno%20Anacleto" datetime="2016-03-01T10:35"> </ins>no sertão paraibano. O experimento foi realizado em estufa agrícola no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, CCTA/UFCG, Campus de Pombal-PB. As unidades experimentais foram compostas por vasos com capacidade de 6 litros. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 , sendo os fatores três populações de <em>C. rotundus</em> (0, 2 e 3 tubérculos por vaso) e dois níveis de compactação (solo sem compactação e solo com subsuperfície compactada), com quatro repetições. Foram coletados os dados de produção de fitomassa, área foliar, altura da planta, número de folhas e diâmetro do caule, os quais foram submetidos à análise da variância e teste de médias. A presença de <em>C. rotundus</em>, independente de sua população prejudicou os componentes de crescimento, reduzindo a área foliar, de forma mais intensa do que a compactação do solo. Com isto, urgem medidas que reduzam os prejuízos causados por <em>C. rotundus </em>a cultura do<em> </em>feijão-caupi.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Interference of nut grass (</em></strong><strong><em>Cyperus rotundus L.)</em></strong><em> </em><strong><em>and soil compaction on cowpea growth</em></strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong> - Weeds interfere with the growth and development of the cowpea crop and can dramatically reduce their productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of nut grass and soil compaction in the growth of cowpea [<em>Vigna unguiculata</em> (L.) Walp]. The experiment was conducted in an agricultural greenhouse in the Science and Technology Center of Agrifood Federal University of Campina Grande, CCTA/UFCG, Campus de Pombal-PB, Brazil. The experimental were composed of pots with 6 liters capacity. Used a completely randomized design with treatments distributed in a factorial 3 x 2 x 4, comprising the three populations of <em>C. rotundus</em> (0, 2 and 3 tubers per pot) and two compression levels (soil without compaction and soil compacted subsurface), with four replications. Were collected biomass production data, leaf area, plant height, leaf number and stem diameter, which were submitted to analysis of variance and mean test when necessary. The presence of <em>C. rotundus</em>, regardless of its population hampered growth components, reduced leaf area, more intensely than soil compaction. With this, urge measures to reduce the harm caused by <em>C. rotundus</em> the cowpea.</p><p> </p>
Alineación Estratégica Dentro de un Proceso Productivo,Aplicando un Modelo de Optimización por Metas.
Authors: Sainz Zamora Rafael 
Published: March 2016

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar la aplicación de un caso, donde unfabricante buscará las mejores oportunidades que lo acerquen a sus metas, sin desviarse del proceso estratégico general de la empresa. Ante esta situación se propone la aplicación de una variante de la Programación lineal conocidacomo Programación por Metas. El resultado del problema demuestra la efectividad y facilidad del manejo del algoritmo.
Motivos para Emprender un Negocio por ujeres Rurales en Guanajuato
Authors: Castellanos Cardona Juan Antonio 
Published: March 2016

La investigación plantea el problema de ¿Cuáles son los motivos que tienen lasmujeres rurales en el estado de Guanajuato para emprender un negocio?Se diseñó el modelo: Buscar nuevas oportunidades de ingresos por parte de lasmujeres rurales en Guanajuato está en función de mejorar su nivel de vida, experiencia y oportunidades latentes - OpIng = F (MNV + EX + OP).Para la validación de la hipótesis se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo exploratoria, descriptiva y correlacional; tiene un diseño decorte transversal. El estudio fue aplicado a un grupo de 100 mujeres emprendedoras rurales de diferentes municipios de Guanajuato, que recibirí­an un apoyo económico para abrir un negocio en su comunidad.
Accountants Awareness And Perceptions About Assurance On XBRL Financial Statements
Authors: Venkatesh Roopa , Armitage Jack 
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study is to gather information about accountants and auditors level of knowledge of XBRL and their perceptions about the importance of providing assurance and the level of assurance needed. An online survey questionnaire was used to gather data from CPAs at all levels of experience and was open from December 2009 through February 2010. The survey gathered information about the participants level of knowledge and awareness about XBRL, and their perceptions about the importance, relevance, and need for assurance on XBRL financial information. The results suggest that accountants and auditors believe that assurance on XBRL financial statements is important and will improve the accuracy and reliability of the XBRL tagged financial statements. Participants were also asked to rank the importance of assurance criteria on XBRL financial statements such as assurance on the accuracy, completeness, existence, proper taxonomies, proper extensions, valid extensions and validity and well-formedness. The results show that participants ranked assurance on the accuracy and completeness assertions as being most important and assurance on validity and well-formedness being the least important. The findings have important implications for the audit profession, as the implementation of XBRL has the potential to not only expand the role of the auditor to include auditing their clients application of XBRL tags, but might also influence the cost and time involved to conduct audit services.
Financial Reporting Impact Of The Operating Lease Classification
Authors: Kostolansky John , Altschuler Dora , Stanko Brian B. 
Published: March 2016

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) are preparing to make changes to accounting standards for leasing that will have a significant impact on the financial statements of a large number of companies. The proposed standard will eliminate the operating lease classification, and if passed, companies using this classification will be required to report additional assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. This study estimates the impact of this change in accounting standards on the financial statements and several key financial ratios for an extensive sample of companies and industries from the Compustat North America database. It is important that users of financial statements understand and are prepared for these changes prior to implementation, particularly for industries in which operating leases are heavily utilized.
Detecting Cosmetic Debt Management Using Benfords Law
Authors: Geyer Dominique , Drechsler Christoph 
Published: March 2016

Benfords law states that the frequency of first significant digit in certain samples decreases as those digits increase. This law is used in accounting to find rounding behavior. Several studies provided evidence that firms may round up earnings when they are just below reference points denoted by Nx10k. Most studies are focused on earnings variables. Few studies are focused on other accounting variables like sales for example (Jordan & Alii, 2009; Geyer, 2012). No previous study examines accounting variable from balance sheet (excepted earnings of course). The aim of this short paper is to investigate rounding behavior of long term debt. Using a sample of US public companies, we observe that US firms round down the total long term debt considering two cognitive points: Nx10k and (2xN+1)x5x10j (N is an integer between 1 to 9; k is an integer from 1 and j is an integer from 0). In other words, US public firms exercise Cosmetic Debt Management.