bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barium, zinc and strontium yellows in late 19th–early 20th century oil paintings
Authors: Otero Vanessa , Campos Marta F. , Pinto Joana V. , Vilarigues Márcia , Carlyle Leslie , Melo Maria João 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This work focuses on the study of the 19th century yellow chromate pigments based on barium (BaCrO4), zinc (4ZnCrO4·K2O·3H2O) and strontium (SrCrO4). These pigments, which are reported to shift in hue and darken, have been found in 19th century artworks. A better understanding of their historic manufacture will contribute to the visual/chemical interpretation of change in these colours. Research was carried out on the Winsor & Newton (W&N) 19th century archive database providing a unique insight into their manufacturing processes. One hundred and three production records were found, 69% for barium, 25% for zinc and 6% for strontium chromates, mainly under the names Lemon, Citron and Strontian Yellow, respectively. Analysis of the records shows that each pigment is characterised by only one synthetic pathway. The low number of records found for the production of strontium chromate suggests W&N was not selling this pigment formulation on a large scale. Furthermore, contrary to what the authors have discovered for W&N chrome yellow pigments, extenders were not added to these pigment formulations, most probably due to their lower tinting strength (TS). The latter was calculated in comparison to pure chrome yellow (PbCrO4, 100% TS) resulting in 92% for barium, 65% for zinc potassium and 78% for strontium chromate pigments. This indicates that W&N was probably using extenders primarily to adjust pigment properties and not necessarily as a means to reduce their costs. Pigment reconstructions following the main methods of synthesis were characterised by complementary analytical techniques: Fibre optic reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. These pigments can be clearly distinguished on the basis of their infrared CrO4
2− asymmetric stretching fingerprint profile (between 1000 and 700 cm−1) and of their Raman CrO4
2− stretching bands (850–950 cm−1). This enabled their identification in historic paint samples: a tube of late 19th century W&N Lemon Yellow oil paint and micro-samples from paintings by three Portuguese painters, António Silva Porto (1850–1893), João Marques de Oliveira (1853–1927) and Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso (1887–1918). The good correlation found between the reconstructions and historic samples validates their use as reference materials for future photochemical studies.
UK quantitative WB-DWI technical workgroup: consensus meeting recommendations on optimisation, quality control, processing and analysis of quantitative whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging for cancer
Authors: Barnes Anna , Alonzi Roberto , Blackledge Matthew , Charles-Edwards Geoff , Collins David J , Cook Gary , Coutts Glynn , Goh Vicky , Graves Martin , Kelly Charles , Koh Dow-mu , McCallum Hazel , Miquel Marc E , O’Connor James , Padhani Anwar , Pearson Rachel , Priest Andrew , Rockall Andrea , Stirling James , Taylor Stuart , Tunariu Nina , van der Meulen Jan , Walls Darren , Winfield Jessica , Punwani Shonit 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
Application of whole body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-DWI) for oncology are rapidly increasing within both research and routine clinical domains. However, WB-DWI as a quantitative imaging biomarker (QIB) has significantly slower adoption. To date, challenges relating to accuracy and reproducibility, essential criteria for a good QIB, have limited widespread clinical translation. In recognition, a UK workgroup was established in 2016 to provide technical consensus guidelines (to maximise accuracy and reproducibility of WB-MRI QIBs) and accelerate the clinical translation of quantitative WB-DWI applications for oncology.

Methods:
A panel of experts convened from cancer centres around the UK with subspecialty expertise in quantitative imaging and/or the use of WB-MRI with DWI. A formal consensus method was used to obtain consensus agreement regarding best practice. Questions were asked about the appropriateness or otherwise on scanner hardware and software, sequence optimisation, acquisition protocols, reporting, and ongoing quality control programs to monitor precision and accuracy and agreement on quality control.

Results:
The consensus panel was able to reach consensus on 73% (255/351) items and based on consensus areas made recommendations to maximise accuracy and reproducibly of quantitative WB-DWI studies performed at 1.5T. The panel were unable to reach consensus on the majority of items related to quantitative WB-DWI performed at 3T.

Conclusion:
This UK Quantitative WB-DWI Technical Workgroup consensus provides guidance on maximising accuracy and reproducibly of quantitative WB-DWI for oncology. The consensus guidance can be used by researchers and clinicians to harmonise WB-DWI protocols which will accelerate clinical translation of WB-DWI-derived QIBs.
T3 subclassification using the EMD/mesorectum ratio predicts neoadjuvant chemoradiation outcome in T3 rectal cancer patients
Authors: Shen Lijun , Sun Yiqun , Zhang Hui , Zhang Jing , Deng Weijuan , Wang Yaqi , Yao Ye , Yang Lifeng , Zhu Ji , Tong Tong , Liang Liping , Zhang Zhen 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To evaluate the feasibility of the EMD (extramural depth)/mesorectum ratio as a marker for T3 rectal cancer and its ability to predict tumour response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation and survival.

Methods:
From 2010 to 2016, 284 T3 rectal cancer patients who underwent high resolution MRI before neoadjuvant chemoradiation were enrolled. The EMD was defined as the distance from the outer edge of the muscularis propria to the outermost edge of the tumour. The measurement of the tumour EMD and mesorectum was in the same layer and their ratio was calculated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and relative area under the curve statistics were used to choose the cut-off value. The association of the EMD/mesorectum ratio and other MRI or clinical factors with the tumour regression grade (TRG) was analysed. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate independent risk factors for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results:
The mean EMD/mesorectum ratio was 0.47 ± 0.3. We chose an EMD/mesorectum ratio of 0.5 in further analyses after receiver operating characteristic analysis. Of 284 patients, 177 (62.3%) had an EMD/mesorectum ratio ≤ 0.5. Patients with an EMD/mesorectum ratio ≤ 0.5 had a higher TRG 0–1 rate than patients with a ratio &gt;0.5 (53.1% vs 36.4%, p = 0.006). A multivariate analysis identified that an EMD/mesorectum ratio &gt;0.5 [hazard ratio (HR) 2.020; p = 0.028] and ypTNM II-III (HR 3.550; p = 0.017) were independent prognostic factors to indicate decreased DFS. For OS, only patients with TRG 2–3 had decreased OS compared with patients with TRG 0–1 (HR 2.959; p = 0.035).

Conclusion:
When the EMD/mesorectum ratio was applied to categorize T3 rectal cancer patients, the ratio of 0.5 can be used as a cut-off value for T3 rectal cancer. Patients with a ratio ≤ 0.5 had a higher response rate and better DFS. However, further validation is needed in a larger sample of patients.

Advances in knowledge:
The EMD/mesorectum ratio may serve to predict tumour response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation and survival in T3 rectal cancer patients.
Oral rehydration of malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration: A systematic review
Authors: Houston Kirsty A. , Gibb Jack G. , Maitland Kathryn 
Published: October 2017

Background: Diarrhoea complicates over half of admissions to hospital with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the management of dehydration recommend the use of oral rehydration with ReSoMal (an oral rehydration solution (ORS) for SAM), which has lower sodium (45mmols/l) and higher potassium (40mmols/l) content than old WHO ORS. The composition of ReSoMal was designed specifically to address theoretical risks of sodium overload and potential under-treatment of severe hypokalaemia with rehydration using standard ORS. In African children, severe hyponatraemia at admission is a major risk factor for poor outcome in children with SAM complicated by diarrhoea. We therefore reviewed the evidence for oral rehydration therapy in children with SAM. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on 18th July 2017 comparing different oral rehydration solutions in severely malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration, using standard search terms. The author assessed papers for inclusion. The primary endpoint was frequency of hyponatraemia during rehydration. Results: Six RCTs were identified, all published in English and conducted in low resource settings in Asia. A range of ORS were evaluated in these studies, including old WHO ORS, standard hypo-osmolar WHO ORS and ReSoMal. Hyponatraemia was observed in two trials evaluating ReSoMal, three children developed severe hyponatraemia with one experiencing convulsions. Hypo-osmolar ORS was found to have benefits in time to rehydration, reduction of stool output and duration of diarrhoea. No trials reported over-hydration or fatalities. Conclusions: Current WHO guidelines strongly recommend the use of ReSoMal based on low quality of evidence. Studies indicate a significant risk of hyponatraemia on ReSoMal in Asian children, none have been conducted in Africa, where SAM mortality remains high. Further research should be conducted in Africa to evaluate optimal ORS for children with SAM and to generate evidence based, practical guidelines
Study of Uridylic Nucleotides Contents and the Investigation Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase in Liver and Small Intestine Mucosa Exposed when Administered to Rats Orotic Acid and Perftoran
Authors: Нагиев Э. , Nagiev E. , Нагиева С. , Nagieva S. , Исмаилова Ф. , Ismailova F. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: Study of uridylic nucleotides content and aspartate carbamoyltransferase which was a key enzyme on the pathway for the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides in tissues of irradiated animals upon administration of orotic acid and perftorane was conducted.
Material and methods: Studies were performed on random-bred albino rats subjected to a single γ-ray exposure at a total dose of 6 Gy. Orotic acid was injected as potassium salt in a dose of 60 mg / kg, perftoran salt in a dose of 1 ml / 100 g water.
Results: A decrease in the content of UTP and UDP, as well as an increase in UMP after irradiation, especially on the 7th day, was established. The most pronounced changes in the studied biochemical parameters take place in the mucosa of the small intestine. The administration of orotic acid and perftorane to irradiated animals contributes to a significant correction of both the nucleotide content and the activity of aspartate carbamoyltransferase.
Conclusion: The radiation leads to some decrease in the content of UDP and UTP. Changes in the content of nucleotides and activity of aspartate carbamoyltransferase in the mucosa of the small intestine are more pronounced in comparison with liver tissue. The combined administration of orotic acid and perftorane promotes the normalization of the content of nucleotides, and the activity of aspartate carbamoyltransferase in the liver and mucous membrane of the small intestine of irradiated animals.
Organization of personneindividual protection conducting diagnostic and treatment procedures using radionuclide and generating sources of ionizing radiation
Authors: Рубцов В. , Rubcov V. , Клочков В. , Klochkov V. , Нефедов А. , Nefedov A. , Тюнеева Л. , Tyuneeva L. , Клочкова Е. , Klochkova E. , Требухин А. , Trebuhin A. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: To improve radiation safety of medical staff and patients during diagnostic and treatment procedures with using of radionuclide radiation sources.
Materials and methods: Staff working conditions have been analyzed and the potential for using of various personal protective equipment has been assessed based on the developed framework of personal protection of medical staff and patients at nuclear medicine centers. In accordance with methods described in the current Russian standards, specimens of personal protective equipment manufactured at Russian industrial plants and suitable for use by medical staff and patients at nuclear medicine centers have been tested.
Results: Results of laboratory tests of new advanced high-performance personal protective equipment of various purposes for protection of medical staff and patients during diagnostic and treatment procedures with using of radionuclide radiation sources are provided. Training and information documents and guidelines have been developed, including “Study guide on personal protection during diagnostic and treatment procedures with using of radionuclides and ionizing radiation sources” for various departments of the Institute of Continuing
Vocational Education, State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the FMBA of Russia, and “Guidelines on personal protection of medical staff and patients during diagnostic and treatment procedures with using of radionuclides and ionizing radiation sources”.
Conclusion: Study guide and Guidelines on personal protection of medical staff and patients at nuclear medicine centers during diagnostic and treatment procedures with using of radionuclide radiation sources, as well as the draft of the Standard guidelines on delivery of free personal protective equipment to medical staff have been developed based on the results of work and studies.
Posted Pricing vs. Bargaining in Sequential Selling Process
Authors: Feng Qi , Shanthikumar J. George 
Published: October 2017

We study the role of bargaining in a firm’s sequential selling process. The seller firm under consideration sequentially sells a fixed amount of stock to a random arrival stream of potential buyers who are heterogeneous in product valuation. Based on the stock level and the time to the end of the selling season, the seller may dynamically choose either to post a take-it-or-leave-it price or to engage in bargaining with an arriving buyer. We introduce a stochastic order, called the scaled pricing order, for the buyer’s valuation distribution. The scaled pricing order measures the average portion of trade surplus that the seller can obtain by posting a price. For distributions with increasing length-biased hazard rate, checking the property of increasing (decreasing) scaled pricing order boils down to verifying the concavity (convexity) of the Mills’ ratio. We fully characterize the family of distributions that are invariant in the scaled pricing order, which includes uniform and exponential distributions. When the buyer’s valuation distribution belongs to the invariant family, the seller should stick to either pricing or bargaining throughout the selling season, depending on her bargaining power vis-à-vis the buyer. When the buyer’s valuation is increasing (decreasing) in the scaled pricing order, the seller should choose pricing (bargaining) when she has a small (large) stock to sell over a long (short) horizon. We also discuss several model variations to demonstrate the application of the scaled pricing order in analyzing sequential trading processes.The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1651 .
Reviews
Authors: Mullen Mark , Kassab Yousif 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
EVENT HORIZON

Elite Dangerous: Horizons, Frontier Developments (2015–17)
PC, Playstation 4 and Xbox One, $59.99 (USD)

Game Art and Culture Review

Inside Let it Die: The art of game economics

Absurdities as aesthetics: The play and payoff is in the details

Let it Die, Grasshopper Manufacture (2016)
Playstation 4, avg. 50 hours gameplay, free
Levels and Health Risk Assessments of Cd and Pb in Pomadasys maculatus Marketed by Karachi Fish Harbor, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Quratulan , Bat Levent 
Published: October 2017

Aim of this study was to measure cadmium and lead concentrations in the edible tissues of Saddle grunt Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch, 1793) from Karachi Fish Harbor different seasons of the year 2011. Results showed that the concentration varied from 0.18 to 1.14 with a mean of 0.59 ± 0.05 mg.kg-1 for Cd and from 0.02 to 1.54 with a mean of 0.54 ± 0.05 mg.kg-1 for Pb. These concentrations are higher than the maximum permissible values in European and other international regulations (Global Agricultural Information Network Report for China, Russian Federation , Australia New Zealand Food Standards, Georgian Food Safety Rules, Turkish Food Codex and the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food). However the average weekly intakes of Cd and Pb per body weight values (minimum-maximum) were 0.021 (0.0063-0.0399) and 0.019 (0.0007-0.0539)mg.week-1.70 kg body weight-1, respectively and not exceeded the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) established. Consumption of Saddle grunt from the Karachi coasts of Pakistan can therefore be said to constitute no health risks so far as the heavy metals investigated are concerned. However, due to the Cd and Pb muscle levels exceeded the maximum levels of fish permitted for human consumption, a plausible health risk could be posed by long-term exposed through Saddle grunt consumption. Keywords: Lead, Cadmium, Pomadasys maculatus, Karachi coast, Pakistan
Adding Resistance Training to the Standard of Care for Inpatient Substance Abuse Treatment in Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Improves Skeletal Muscle Health Without Altering Cytokine Concentrations
Authors: Vingren Jakob L. , Curtis John H. , Levitt Danielle E. , Duplanty Anthony A. , Lee Elaine C. , McFarlin Brian K. , Hill David W. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Vingren, JL, Curtis, JH, Levitt, DE, Duplanty, AA, Lee, EC, McFarlin, BK, and Hill, DW. Adding resistance training to the standard of care for inpatient substance abuse treatment in men with human immunodeficiency virus improves skeletal muscle health without altering cytokine concentrations. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 76–82, 2018—Substance abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can independently lead to myopathy and related inflammatory alterations; importantly, these effects seem to be additive. Resistance training (RT) can improve muscle health in people living with HIV (PLWH), but the efficacy of this intervention has not been examined for PLWH recovering from substance abuse. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of RT on muscle health markers (mass, strength, and power) and basal circulating biomarkers for men living with HIV undergoing substance abuse treatment. Men living with HIV undergoing 60-day inpatient substance abuse treatment completed either RT (3×/wk) or no exercise training (control) for 6 weeks. Muscle mass, strength, and power, and fasting circulating cytokines (interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10), vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, and cortisol were measured before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week period. Both groups received the standard of care for HIV and substance abuse treatment determined by the inpatient facility. Muscle mass, strength, and power increased (p ≤ 0.05) from PRE to POST for RT but were unchanged for control. No differences were found for circulating biomarkers. Adding RT to the standard of care for substance abuse treatment improved aspects of muscle health (mass, strength, and power) in men living with HIV. These improvements are associated with a lower risk of a number of health conditions. Therefore, practitioners should consider implementing RT interventions as part of substance abuse treatment programs in this population to help manage long-term health.
Consensus Guideline for Use of Glucarpidase in Patients with High-Dose Methotrexate Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Delayed Methotrexate Clearance
Authors: Ramsey Laura B. , Balis Frank M. , O'Brien Maureen M. , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Pauley Jennifer L. , Bleyer Archie , Widemann Brigitte C. , Askenazi David , Bergeron Sharon , Shirali Anushree , Schwartz Stefan , Vinks Alexander A. , Heldrup Jesper 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Acute kidney injury due to high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is a serious, life-threatening toxicity that can occur in pediatric and adult patients. Glucarpidase is a treatment approved by the Food and Drug Administration for high methotrexate concentrations in the context of kidney dysfunction, but the guidelines for when to use it are unclear. An expert panel was convened to provide specific, expert consensus guidelines for the use of glucarpidase in patients who develop HDMTX-induced nephrotoxicity and delayed methotrexate excretion. The guideline provides recommendations to identify the population of patients who would benefit from glucarpidase rescue by more precisely defining the absolute methotrexate concentrations associated with risk for severe or life-threatening toxicity at several time points after the start of an HDMTX infusion. For an HDMTX infusion ≤24 hours, if the 36-hour concentration is above 30 µM, 42-hour concentration is above 10 µM, or 48-hour concentration is above 5 µM and the serum creatinine is significantly elevated relative to the baseline measurement (indicative of HDMTX-induced acute kidney injury), glucarpidase may be indicated. After a 36- to 42-hour HDMTX infusion, glucarpidase may be indicated when the 48-hour methotrexate concentration is above 5 µM. Administration of glucarpidase should optimally occur within 48–60 hours from the start of the HDMTX infusion, because life-threatening toxicities may not be preventable beyond this time point.

Implications for Practice
Glucarpidase is a rarely used medication that is less effective when given after more than 60 hours of exposure to high-dose methotrexate, so predicting early which patients will need it is imperative. There are no currently available consensus guidelines for the use of this medication. The indication on the label does not give specific methotrexate concentrations above which it should be used. An international group of experts was convened to develop a consensus guideline that was specific and evidence-based to identify the population of patients who would benefit from glucarpidase.