bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using patterns of shared taxa to infer bacterial dispersal in human living environment in urban and rural areas
Authors: Grönroos M. , Jumpponen A. , Roslund M. I. , Nurminen N. , Oikarinen S. , Parajuli A. , Laitinen O. H. , Cinek O. , Kramna L. , Rajaniemi J. , Hyöty H. , Puhakka R. , Sinkkonen A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Contact with environmental microbial communities primes the human immune system. Factors determining the distribution of microorganisms, such as dispersal, are thus important for human health. Here, we used the relative number of bacteria shared between environmental and human samples as a measure of bacterial dispersal and studied these associations with living environment and lifestyles. We analyzed amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of the V4 region of 16S rDNA gene from 347 samples of doormat dust as well as samples of saliva, skin swabs, and feces from 53 elderly people in urban and rural areas in Finland at three timepoints. We first enumerated the ASVs shared between doormat and one of the human sample types (i.e., saliva, skin swab, or feces) of each individual subject and calculated the shared ASVs as a proportion of all ASVs in the given sample type of that individual. We observed that the patterns for the proportions of shared ASVs differed among seasons and human sample type. In skin samples, there was a negative association between the proportion of shared ASVs and the coverage of built environment (a proxy for degree of urbanization), whereas in saliva data, this association was positive. We discuss these findings in the context of differing species pools in urban and rural environments.

IMPORTANCE
Understanding how environmental microorganisms reach and interact with humans is a key question when aiming to increase human contacts with natural microbiota. Few methods are suitable for studying microbial dispersal at relatively large spatial scales. Thus, we tested an indirect method and studied patterns of bacterial taxa that are shared between humans and their living environment.
Three families of CD4-induced antibodies are associated with the capacity of plasma from people living with HIV to mediate ADCC in the presence of CD4-mimetics
Authors: Tauzin Alexandra , Marchitto Lorie , Bélanger Étienne , Benlarbi Mehdi , Beaudoin-Bussières Guillaume , Prévost Jérémie , Yang Derek , Chiu Ta-Jung , Chen Hung-Ching , Bourassa Catherine , Medjahed Halima , Korzeniowski Marek K. , Gottumukkala Suneetha , Tolbert William D. , Richard Jonathan , Smith Amos B. , Pazgier Marzena , Finzi Andrés 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

CD4-mimetics (CD4mcs) are small molecule compounds that mimic the interaction of the CD4 receptor with HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env). Env from primary viruses normally samples a “closed” conformation that occludes epitopes recognized by CD4-induced (CD4i) non-neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs). CD4mcs induce conformational changes on Env resulting in the exposure of these otherwise inaccessible epitopes. Here, we evaluated the capacity of plasma from a cohort of 50 people living with HIV to recognize HIV-1-infected cells and eliminate them by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in the presence of a potent indoline CD4mc. We observed a marked heterogeneity among plasma samples. By measuring the levels of different families of CD4i Abs, we found that the levels of anti-cluster A, anti-coreceptor binding site, and anti-gp41 cluster I antibodies are responsible for plasma-mediated ADCC in the presence of CD4mc.

IMPORTANCE
There are several reasons that make it difficult to target the HIV reservoir. One of them is the capacity of infected cells to prevent the recognition of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) by commonly elicited antibodies in people living with HIV. Small CD4-mimetic compounds expose otherwise occluded Env epitopes, thus enabling their recognition by non-neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs). A better understanding of the contribution of these antibodies to eliminate infected cells in the presence of CD4mc could lead to the development of therapeutic cure strategies.
Lessons learnt from a 2017 Irish national clinical claims review: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Power Karen A , O'Byrne Maguire Irene , Byrne Noelle , Walsh Deirdre , Robinson Karen , McCullagh Mark , Fallon Yvonne , Godfrey Mary , Duffy Ann , O'Regan Claire , Twohig Mairead , O'Keeffe Cathal 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveLearning from adverse outcomes in health and social care is critical to advancing a culture of patient safety and reducing the likelihood of future preventable harm to service users. This review aims to present an overview of all clinical claims finalised in one calendar year involving publicly funded health and social care providers in Ireland.DesignThis is a retrospective observational study. The Clinical Risk Unit (CRU) of the State Claims Agency identified all service-user clinical claims finalised between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2017 from Ireland’s National Incident Management System (n=713). Claims that had incurred financial damages were considered for further analysis (n=356). 202 claims underwent an in-depth qualitative review. Of these, 57 related to maternity and gynaecology, 64 to surgery, 46 to medicine, 20 to community health and social care and 15 related to children’s healthcare.ResultsThe services of surgery and medicine ranked first and second, respectively, in terms of a number of claims. Claims in maternity services, despite ranking third in terms of claims numbers, resulted in the highest claims costs. Catastrophic injuries in babies resulting in cerebral palsy or other brain injury accounted for the majority of this cost.Diagnostic errors and inadequate or substandard communication, either with service users and/or interprofessional communication with colleagues, emerged as common issues across all clinical areas analysed. Quantitative analysis of contributory factors demonstrated that the complexity and seriousness of the service user’s condition was a significant contributory factor in the occurrence of incidents leading to claims.ConclusionThis national report identifies common issues resulting in claims. Targeting these issues could mitigate patient safety risks and reduce the cost of claims.
Sports-related concussion not associated with long-term cognitive or behavioural deficits: the PROTECT-TBI study
Authors: Lennon Matthew Joseph , Rigney Grant , Creese Byron , Aarsland Dag , Hampshire Adam , Ballard Clive , Corbett Anne , Raymont Vanessa 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe cognitive effects of sports-related concussion (SRC) have been the subject of vigorous debate but there has been little research into long-term outcomes in non-athlete populations.MethodsThis cohort study of UK community-dwelling adults (aged 50–90 years) was conducted between November 2015 and November 2020, with up to 4 years annual follow-up (n=15 214). Lifetime history of concussions was collected at baseline using the Brain Injury Screening Questionnaire. The first analysis grouped participants by type of concussion (no concussion, only SRC, only non-SRC (nSRC), mixed concussions (both SRC and nSRC)) and the second grouped the participants by number (0, 1, 2 or 3+ SRC or nSRC). Mixed models were used to assess the effect of concussion on outcomes including four cognitive domains and one behavioural measure (Mild Behavioural Impairment-C).ResultsAnalysis of the included participants (24% male, mean age=64) at baseline found that the SRC group had significantly better working memory (B=0.113, 95% CI 0.038, 0.188) and verbal reasoning (B=0.199, 95% CI 0.092, 0.306) compared with those without concussion. Those who had suffered one SRC had significantly better verbal reasoning (B=0.111, 95% CI 0.031, 0.19) and attention (B=0.115, 95% CI 0.028, 0.203) compared with those with no SRC at baseline. Those with 3+ nSRCs had significantly worse processing speed (B=−0.082, 95% CI −0.144 to –0.019) and attention (B=−0.156, 95% CI −0.248 to –0.063). Those with 3+ nSRCs had a significantly worse trajectory of verbal reasoning with increasing age (B=−0.088, 95% CI −0.149 to –0.026).ConclusionsCompared with those reporting no previous concussions, those with SRC had no cognitive or behavioural deficits and seemed to perform better in some tasks. As indicated by previous studies, sports participation may confer long-term cognitive benefits.
Predictors of relapse risk and treatment response in AQP4-IgG positive and seronegative NMOSD: A multicentre study
Authors: Siriratnam Pakeeran , Sanfilippo Paul , van der Walt Anneke , Sharmin Sifat , Foong Yi Chao , Yeh Wei Zhen , Zhu Chao , Khoury Samia Joseph , Csepany Tunde , Willekens Barbara , Etemadifar Masoud , Ozakbas, Serkan , Nytrova Petra , Altintas Ayse , Al-Asmi Abdullah , Yamout Bassem , Laureys Guy , Patti Francesco , Simo Magdolna , Surcinelli Andrea , Foschi Matteo , McCombe Pamela A , Alroughani Raed , Sánchez-Menoyo José Luis , Turkoglu Recai , Soysal Aysun , Lechner Scott Jeanette , Kalincik Tomas , Butzkueven Helmut , Jokubaitis Vilija , Huda Saif , Monif Mastura 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) can be categorised into aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) NMOSD or seronegative NMOSD. While our knowledge of AQP4-IgG NMOSD has evolved significantly in the past decade, seronegative NMOSD remains less understood. This study aimed to evaluate the predictors of relapses and treatment responses in AQP4-IgG NMOSD and seronegative NMOSD.MethodsThis was a multicentre, international, retrospective cohort study using the MSBase registry. Recurrent relapse risk was assessed using an Andersen-Gill model and risk of first relapse was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Covariates that putatively influence relapse risk included demographic factors, clinical characteristics and immunosuppressive therapies; the latter was assessed as a time-varying covariate.ResultsA total of 398 patients (246 AQP4-IgG NMOSD and 152 seronegative NMOSD) were included. The AQP4-IgG NMOSD and seronegative NMOSD patients did not significantly differ by age at disease onset, ethnicity or annualised relapse rate. Both low-efficacy and high-efficacy immunosuppressive therapies were associated with significant reductions in recurrent relapse risk, with notably greater protection conferred by high-efficacy therapies in both AQP4-IgG NMOSD (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.49, p<0.001) and seronegative NMOSD (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.51, p<0.001). Longer disease duration (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99, p<0.001) and male sex (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.84, p=0.007) were additional protective variables in reducing the recurrent relapse risk for the AQP4-IgG NMOSD group.ConclusionAlthough further studies are needed to improve our understanding of seronegative NMOSD, our findings underscore the importance of aggressive treatment with high-efficacy immunotherapies in both NMOSD subtypes, regardless of serostatus.
Total bilirubin modified the association between diabetes and stroke: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011–2016
Authors: Xia Zhang , Xu Guozheng , Zhao Mingyang , Li Yuhao , Ye Peiyu , Liu Yijian , Gaisano Herbert Y , He Yan 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundTotal bilirubin (TBIL) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to determine whether elevated TBIL could modify the association between diabetes and stroke.MethodData were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016. TBIL was stratified by median (10.3 µmol/L). The association between diabetes and stroke was quantified using multivariable logistic regression models. The cut-off concentration for the presence of TBIL modification effects was identified by Johnson-Neyman analyses. Mediation analyses were performed to determine the influence of TBIL on mediating factors that mediate the relationship between diabetes and stroke.ResultsThis cross-sectional study included 16 130 participants, with the mean age of 46.8±0.4 years and 48.5% of men. Diabetes was associated with the presence of stroke at TBIL <10.3 µmol/L (OR=2.19, 95% CI 1.58 to 3.05) but not at TBIL ≥10.3 µmol/L (OR=1.27, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.88) after adjustment for confounders. Above associations were significantly different between the two TBIL concentrations (Pfor interaction=0.03). Moreover, the modification effect of TBIL specifically occurred in men (Pfor interaction=0.02) rather than in women (Pfor interaction=0.08). The cut-off concentration for the presence of TBIL modification effects was 17.05 µmol/L. Additionally, the TBIL of ≥10.3 µmol/L inhibited mediating effects of hypersensitive C reactive protein (mediating effect=0.03, 95% CI −0.15 to 0.22,P=0.72) and systemic immune-inflammation index (mediating effect=0.01, 95% CI −0.01 to 0.04,P=0.29) as compared with the TBIL of <10.3 µmol/L.ConclusionsElevated TBIL modified the association between diabetes and stroke through inhibiting mediating effects of inflammatory factors.
Bimetallic MOFs-Based Electrodes for the Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Epinephrine and Nor-Epinephrine
Authors: Soosaimanickam Charlin , Murugavel Kathiresan , Alwarappan Subbiah 
Published: September 2024

We designed a bi-metallic Co-Ni/BTC/4,4′-BiPy metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as an electrode material for the electrochemical detection of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine. The bi-metallic MOFs were synthesized by a solvothermal method. Following this, the bimetallic MOFs were modified with BTC and amine rich 4,4′-BiPy to improve charge transfer kinetics through non-covalent π–π interaction. This modified electrode was employed as a sensing platform for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine. The MOFs modified platform exhibited a 10–50 μM linear range with a limit of detection of 0.724 μM ± 0.128 (N = 3) and 0.815 μM ± 0.124 (N = 3), a sensitivity of 0.583 and 0.505 μA μM−1 cm−2 corresponding to epinephrine and nor-epinephrine detection. Finally, the electrochemical sensor was tested in blood and urine samples spiked with known concentrations of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine. Results confirmed the usefulness of the proposed platform for the detection of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine in clinical samples.
ZrO2 Nanofiber-Based Molecular Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Ampicillin
Authors: Sun Yiwei , Shao Fenjuan , Luo Yuting , Wang Haoxiang , He Yuyang , Sun Liying , Xu Dongpo 
Published: September 2024

An efficient molecularly-imprinted electrochemical sensor for the detection of ampicillin was prepared using polypyrrole tetracycline polymer modified with ZrO2 nanofibers. The ZrO2 nanofibers prepared by electrostatic spinning increased the surface area of the electrode with the binding sites of the electropolymerized membrane. The ampicillin sensor with polypyrrole as the functional monomer was able to specifically bind ampicillin molecules and detect ampicillin in various types of samples. In this study, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were used to evaluate the electrochemical performance of ZrO2-MIP. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit of this sensor was 0.397 nM, the detection range was 0.5 ∼ 500 nM, and the R2 reached 0.998. It has good selectivity, reproducibility, and stability, and achieves the AMP detection of the milk of the actual samples, which has a good prospect of application.
Supplementary Figure S9 from USP44 Overexpression Drives a MYC-Like Gene Expression Program in Neuroblastoma through Epigenetic Reprogramming
Authors: Ekstrom Thomas L. , Hussain Sajjad , Bedekovics Tibor , Ali Asma , Paolini Lucia , Mahmood Hina , Rosok Raya M. , Koster Jan , Johnsen Steven A. , Galardy Paul J. 
Published: September 2024

<p>The expression of USP44 is not correlated with its copy number in neuroblastoma.</p>
undrop and the Right to Seeds
Authors: Girard Fabien 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Following in the footsteps of the Nyéléni Declaration, the transnational agrarian movement La Via Campesina (lvc) secured recognition for the right to food sovereignty within the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas. Alongside this, the academic community and the agrarian movement itself have developed the concept of “seed sovereignty”. Although it has not followed the same normative trajectory as food sovereignty, it has served (i) to bring together a range of issues scattered throughout the biodiversity “regime complex” (industrial property, concentration, seed regulation, gmo regulation, biopiracy, conservation); (ii) to establish a coherent and integrative intellectual framework, the high point of which was undoubtedly the enshrinement of the “right to seeds” in Article 19 of the Declaration.
This chapter traces the history of the concept and the genealogy of Article 19, showing that seed sovereignty, through its appeal to permanent sovereignty over natural resources (which was also clearly visible during the drafting process), sought to anchor the prerogatives granted to peasants and farmers over their seeds in international human rights law. More fundamentally, in its alliance with the right to food sovereignty, it represents a significant attempt to challenge the Westphalian sovereignty – a hallmark of the transnational agrarian movement.
Lessons from the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Winter Elliot 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The concept of the levée en masse was designed to legitimise armed civilian opposition to an unfolding invasion by conferring temporary combatant status upon certain civilians. The range of individuals eligible for this status was defined narrowly to include only ‘inhabitants’ of invaded territories. This approach made sense in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when international travel was beyond the reach of all but the elite minority. Today however, mass air transit has expanded horizons and allows people to travel and to emigrate much more readily. Consequently, the global diaspora of emigrants is larger now than ever before. As seen during the Russian invasion of Ukraine beginning in February 2022, many among these diaspora communities wish to return to defend their homelands upon invasion. This is precluded under the orthodox interpretation of international humanitarian law owing to their lack of residency. This is unsatisfactory as it bars individuals with legitimate familial, political, cultural, and historical connections to a State from participating in a levée in its defence. This article sets out the policy and legal arguments in favour of recognising non-resident citizens – or ‘diaspora fighters’ – as legitimate participants in levées en masse.
Trix
Authors: Fisher Barbara 
Published: September 2024

This volume represents the first biography of Alice MacDonald Kipling Fleming (1868-1948), known as Trix. Rarely portrayed with sympathy or accuracy in biographies of her famous brother Rudyard, Trix was a talented writer and a memorable character in her own right whose fascinating life was unknown until now. In telling Trix’s story, Barbara Fisher rescues her from the misrepresentations, trivializations, and outright neglect of Rudyard’s many biographers.
This book provides the first account of Trix’s life, beginning with the horrible childhood she shared with Rudyard as a Raj orphan in England. The biography follows adolescent Trix as she returned to India, where her brother encouraged her to write poems and stories, which were regularly mistaken for his. Her marriage to a stiff Scottish officer is chronicled from its hopeful beginnings through its childless, cheerless middle to its calm and compromised end. Trix’s bouts of mental illness are described in sympathetic detail.
Turning her attention to Trix’s oeuvre Barbara Fisher locates and attributes all of her short fiction, poetry, and journalism, giving special attention to Trix’s two ambitious but flawed novels. She also puts into historical context Trix’s long and productive participation as a medium for the Society for Psychical Research.
Most importantly, Trix: The Other Kipling gives a voice, a mind, and a heart to a misunderstood, misrepresented, but indomitable woman – an accomplishment which will be of great interest to readers interested in Victorian women authors, in the cultural interchanges between England and colonial India, in serious psychical research, in the early treatment of mental illness, and more generally, in the everyday life and struggles of intellectual women of the 19th and early 20th century.
9. Psychic Research
Authors: Fisher Barbara 
Published: September 2024

After having postponed her return to India several times, Trix resumed her marriage and reentered Anglo-Indian social life in 1902. Childless at thirty-five years old, she had lain to rest any hopes of conceiving a baby. Only moderately successful as a writer, she had given up on having a literary career. Instead, she focused her formidable energies on psychic research, having made contact with the respected British Society for Psychical Research (SPR), whose distinguished members were attempting to prove spiritual survival after bodily death. Trix became a valued medium in the carefully designed experiments of the society, writing and sending to England hundreds of pages of automatic script. When Jack’s army service terminated in 1908 and Trix returned to Scotland, she continued her work with the SPR. Rudyard believed that Trix’s psychic work contributed to her mental frailty, but, on the contrary, while working with the SPR, Trix remained sane and stable. This calm period came to an abrupt end in December 1910.
Trix used her ability to put herself into a trance-like state for the purpose of providing evidence for the SPR, but being in this state also had the unintended but welcome result of easing her mind. By coincidence, therapy to relieve mental distress and research to prove the existence of invisible psychic forces overlapped in many areas. Psychic researchers and mental health professionals, called alienists, were investigating trance-like states to uncover unconscious or subliminal awareness. Hypnotism, dream interpretation, free association, and Freud’s primary process psychoanalytic technique depended on establishing access to the patient’s unconscious mind in order to diagnose and treat mental disorders. Psychical research recognized altered states of consciousness as elevated states of inspiration in which spirits were heard, seen, or embodied. Philosophers, psychologists, and psychic researchers all considered dreams, hypnotism, automatic writing, crystal gazing, trances, and speaking in tongues as important areas of mental activity that could be studied and measured with scientific accuracy to reveal the unknown workings of the human mind.