bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Class Struggle as a Reaction toward the Social Condition in Capitalist Society as Reflected in George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion
Authors: Tuaderu Yohanes 
Published: May 2017

<p>Class struggle is a collective reaction of the workers toward the inhumane treatments applied by the capitalists. The collectiveness creates group awareness of the workers as an exploited ‘class’. This awareness, in turn, stimulates working class struggle to oppose the capitalists’ pressure and exploitation. By employing sociological approach, <em>Pygmalion</em> – a play of five acts written by George Bernard Shaw – is considered as one of the literary pieces of the early twentieth century that portrays the social condition of British society at the era when capitalism reached its height. Shaw himself is a socialist who supports the working class struggle through propaganda, public lectures, critical essays, and literary works that attack the human exploitation in industrial sphere.</p><p>This is a qualitative research using Marxist criticism which is theorized by various scholars to analyze the struggle of Liza Doolittle – the main character in <em>Pygmalion –</em>as the portrait of the unstopped struggle of the working class to have their rights which are deliberately ignored by the capitalists. This theory is considered as the most appropriate instrument to analyze Shaw’s masterpiece, <em>Pygmalion</em>, since Shaw himself is a well-known British socialist who strived for the social reform indicated by the presence of democracy, the admission of human rights, the just distribution of social welfare, and the reasonable respect to individual freedom.</p><p>This research found that the social condition in England in the end of 19<sup>th</sup> century to the early 20<sup>th</sup> century was mostly affected by the practice of human exploitation in industrial environment. This conditions caused dehumanization and serious poverty suffered by the working class. Class struggle, then, became a spirit that generated the laborers to free themselves from poverty, to release themselves from the capitalists’ oppression, and to gain the admission that they are equal with other human beings in society. </p>
Avaliação fitoquímica e toxicológica dos extratos do fruto de Buchenavia sp.
Authors: Ferreira Marcos Daniel De Sousa , Batista Emanuelle Karine Frota , Farias Ingrid Dos Santos , Santos Lildes Ferreira , Oliveira Jamylla Mirck Guerra de , Silva Silvana Maria Medeiros de Sousa 
Published: May 2017

O gênero Buchenavia, conhecido popularmente como “mirindiba” ou “birindiba”, é endêmico e nativo do Brasil, encontrado nos cerrados e mata latifoliada, citada nos estados do Piauí e Tocantins como tóxica para animais de produção. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a composição fitoquímica do extrato etanólico e frações dos frutos de Buchenavia sp., a toxicidade aguda em ratos e a atividade do extrato etanólico frente à Artemia salina. Foram realizadas analises fitoquímicas do extrato etanólico de Buchenavia sp e suas frações acetato de etila e aquosa. Também se verificou o potencial toxico desta planta frente a A. salina, nas concentrações de 1, 10, 100 e 1000 μg/mL e controle (solução salina), e toxicidade aguda onde três grupos de seis ratos foram tratados com frações acetato de etila, aquosa e controle, na dosagem de 5000 mg/Kg. O extrato etanólico dos frutos de Buchenavia sp. apresenta fenóis simples, leucoantocianidinas, flavanonas e triterpenos pentacíclicos. Foi verificada a ação toxica do extrato etanólico do fruto de Buchenavia sp. na concentração 1000 μg/mL. As frações acetato de etila e aquosa não apresenta manifestações clínicas de toxicidade aguda.
Carlo Klauth, Geschichtskonstruktion bei der Eroberung Mexikos. Am Beispiel der Chronisten Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Bartolomé de las Casas und Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo [Construcción de la historia en la conquista de México. Los ejemplos de Bernal Díaz.
Authors: Kohut Karl 
Published: May 2017

Se reseña el libro: Geschichtskonstruktion bei der Eroberung Mexikos. Am Beispiel der Chronisten Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Bartolomé de las Casas und Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo [Construcción de la historia en la conquista de México. Los ejemplos de Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Bartolomé de las Casas y Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo]
Virginia Gil Amate, Sueños de unidad hispánica en el siglo xviii. Un estudio de “Tardes americanas” de José Joaquín Granados y Gálvez. Pról. de José Carlos Rovira. Universidad, Alicante, 2012; 284 pp. (Cuadernos de América sin Nombre, 30).
Authors: Robles José Francisco 
Published: May 2017

Se reseña el libro: Sueños de unidad hispánica en el siglo xviii. Un estudio de “Tardes americanas” de José Joaquín Granados y Gálvez. Pról. de José Carlos Rovira.
Alfonso X el Sabio, Lapidario y Libro de las formas e imágenes que son en los cielos. Introd., est. y aparato crít. de Pedro Sánchez-Prieto Borja. Biblioteca Castro-Fundación José Antonio de Castro, Madrid, 2014; 483 pp.
Authors: Arias Álvarez Beatriz 
Published: May 2017

Se reseña el libro: Alfonso X el Sabio, Lapidario y Libro de las formas e imágenes que son en los cielos. Introd., est. y aparato crít. de Pedro Sánchez-Prieto Borja.
Cecilia Eudave, Alberto Ortiz y José Carlos Rovira (eds.), Mujeres novohispanas en la narrativa mexicana contemporánea. Universidad, Alicante, 2014; 247 pp.
Authors: Gutiérrez Reyna Jorge 
Published: May 2017

Se reseña el libro: Mujeres novohispanas en la narrativa mexicana contemporánea.
THE BOUNDARIES OF LANGUAGE AND GENDER REVISITED: PERFORMING GENDER IN SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors: García Gómez Antonio , Garrido Pozo Fátima 
Published: May 2017

Abstract: Social networks have been evolving throughout time not just as a tool to socialize or interact, but as a fundamental system that helps people develop their lives. Among social network users, adolescents are, without any doubt, those who are more dependent on technology in general terms and social media in particular. They not only use it to connect to each other, but also to update and to evaluate what they hear, read and do both on- and offline. This research uses Facebook posts from British and Spanish male and female teenagers in order to explore these teenagers’ practices of social networking. More precisely, the main aim of the current study is not only to analyse similarities and differences in the ways male and female teenagers communicate online, but also to uncover the different linguistic strategies they use to relate to others. The analysis gives evidence that there is a fine line in the use of positive and negative politeness strategies according to gender when negotiating conversational topics online. Título en español: “Revisión de las fronteras entre Lengua y Género: La performatividad de género en redes sociales”.Resumen: Las redes sociales han evolucionado a lo largo del tiempo. De este modo, han dejado de ser utilizadas exclusivamente como una herramienta de socialización e interacción y han pasado a entenderse como un sistema fundamental que ayuda a las personas a desarrollar sus propias vidas. Entre los usuarios de redes sociales, los adolescentes son, sin lugar a dudas, aquellos que son más dependientes de las nuevas tecnologías en general y de las redes sociales en concreto. No sólo las utilizan para estar en contacto con otras personas, sino que también las usan para estar al día y evaluar aquello que oyen, leen y hacen tanto en línea como fuera de línea. La presente investigación utiliza mensajes publicados en el muro de Facebook por adolescentes británic@s y español@s con el objeto de explorar sus prácticas en esta red social. En concreto, este estudio tiene como objetivo no sólo analizar las diferencias y similitudes en la(s) forma(s) que est@s adolescentes se comunican en línea, sino también descubrir las diferentes estrategias lingüísticas que usan para relacionarse con otros usuarios. El análisis prueba que hay una delgada línea en el uso de las estrategias de cortesía positiva y negativa en lo que respecta al género de los usuarios mientras tratan distintos temas en línea.
UN ESTUDIO SOBRE LA RECEPCIÓN DE LA POESÍA TRADUCIDA DE WILLIAM WORDSWORTH EN LA ESPAÑA DE LOS AÑOS 20: “TINTERN ABBEY” Y “PERSONAL TALK”
Authors: González García Jonatan 
Published: May 2017

Resumen: Este trabajo ofrece un análisis de dos traducciones al español de sendos poemas del autor británico William Wordsworth publicadas en la segunda década del siglo XX, con el propósito de estudiar las repercusiones que el grado de reescritura ejercido por los traductores tuvo en la imagen del poeta y su obra que se transmitió a los lectores españoles de los años 20. Dada la naturaleza de este trabajo, el planteamiento metodológico que aquí se propone es multidisciplinar, enmarcado principalmente dentro de la Literatura Comparada, junto con herramientas y postulados estrechamente ligados a ésta, como los derivados de los Estudios de Recepción y los Estudios de Traducción. Title in English: “A Study on the Reception of the Translated Poetry of William Wordsworth in 1920s Spain: ‘Tintern Abbey’ and ‘Personal Talk’”Abstract: This article considers two Spanish translations of two poems by William Wordsworth, published in the second decade of the twentieth century. The central aim behind this examination is that of studying the impact that the degree of rewriting exercised by the translators had on the shaping of the image of the poet and his work that was conveyed to his Spanish readers during the 1920s. To this end, we propose an interdisciplinary approach chiefly grounded on Comparative Literature, along with some postulates and methodological tools closely linked to that discipline, including the ones derived from Reception Studies and Translation Studies.
‘THE MOUTHS OF CORPSES’: DEATH, FEMININITY AND THE GROTESQUE IN SYLVIA PLATH’S POETRY
Authors: Menéndez Cuesta Vanesa 
Published: May 2017

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical review on Sylvia Plath’s representation of womanhood and the archetypes of femininity in her poetry. Here, I will provide an analysis on Plath’s imagery related to female genitalia, fertility and infertility, menstruation, and motherhood. On the other hand, I will focus on the presence of female figures related to popular culture and the grotesque, inspired by other traditional forms associated to witchcraft and sorcery. This way, I intend to illustrate how Plath expresses her feelings and emotions on the experience of being a woman by using these poetics images of femininity and the female body. Title in Spanish: ‘Las bocas de cadáveres’: Muerte, Feminindad y lo Grotesco en la poesía de Sylvia PlathResumen: El propósito de este artículo es presentar un análisis crítico sobre cómo Sylvia Plath representa la feminidad y los arquetipos de la mujer en su poesía. Aquí se analizarán las imágenes poéticas utilizadas por Plath y relacionadas con los órganos sexuales femeninos, la fertilidad e infertilidad, la menstruación, y la maternidad. Por otro lado, me centraré en la presencia de figuras femeninas relacionadas con la cultura popular y lo grotesco, inspiradas en formas tradicionalmente asociadas a la brujería y la magia. De esta manera, pretendo ilustrar como Plath expresa sus sentimientos y emociones sobre a la experiencia de ser mujer utilizando estas imágenes poéticas entorno a la feminidad y el cuerpo de la mujer.
‘HURT RIGHT DOWN THE MIDDLE… BUT ALIVE AND WELL’: HEALING IN TONI MORRISON’S HOME
Authors: López Ramírez Manuela 
Published: May 2017

Abstract: Toni Morrison’s novels can be read as stories of trauma and healing. In Home, Morrison wants to demystify the 1950s, a time when blacks still suffered extreme violence and racial hatred. African Americans underwent both personal and collective traumas dated back to the time of slavery. Morrison depicts the restorative journeys of her characters from damaged victims towards self-sufficient and whole individuals. She deploys key elements of their recuperative process, such as storytelling, re-memorying, a supportive community, nature, etc. By the end of the novel, Frank and Cee, who carry the burden of an ominous past, experience healing and change. Título en español: “‘Herido justo en el centro…pero vivo y entero’: Curación en Volver de Toni Morrison”Resumen: Las novelas de Toni Morrison pueden ser interpretadas como historias de trauma y curación. En Home, Morrison desmitifica los años 1950, cuando los negros todavía sufrían extrema violencia y odio racial. Los traumas personales y colectivos de los afro-americanos remontan a los tiempos de la esclavitud. Morrison describe los viajes curativos de sus personajes, de víctimas dañadas a la auto-suficiencia e integridad, utilizando elementos claves de esta recuperación, como son el relato, la re-memoria, una comunidad acogedora, la naturaleza, etc. Al final de la novela, Frank and Cee, que arrastran la carga de un pasado ominoso, experimentan cambio y curación.
THE POWER AND PROMISE OF 21ST- CENTURY LITERARY CRITICISM
Authors: Martínez Serrano Leonor M. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract: Literature is an ancestral enterprise whereby humans seek to understand reality and make sense of the world at large. A sophisticated construct of the human imagination, Literary Criticism has served the purpose of scrutinizing verbal works of art from a wide range of critical perspectives to find out the truths contained in them about humanity and our world. This is a way of honouring the deep thinking and the beauty inherent in Literature. In this paper, we look at the concept of ‘liminality’ in Anglophone Studies, as well as to the power and promise of 21st-century Literary Criticism as part of the Humanities, at a time where there is a fierce need for a transdisciplinary approach to the study of literature that brings together the lessons of contemporary Philosophy and other relevant fields of knowledge that may shed light on our understanding of literature. Título en español: “El poder y la promesa de la Crítica literaria del siglo XXI”Resumen: La literatura es una empresa ancestral con la que los seres humanos tratan de comprender la realidad y el mundo en toda su extensión. Sofisticado constructo de la imaginación humana en sí misma, la Crítica Literaria ha estudiado las obras literarias desde múltiples perspectivas teóricas a lo largo de los siglos con el objeto de sacar a la luz las verdades que encierran sobre la humanidad y nuestro mundo. La Crítica Literaria no deja de ser una forma de honrar el pensamiento profundo y la belleza inherentes a la propia literatura. En este artículo meditamos acerca del concepto de ‘liminalidad’ en los Estudios Anglófonos, y reflexionamos sobre el poder y la promesa de la Crítica Literaria del siglo XXI como parte de las Humanidades, en unos tiempos en que urge apostar por un acercamiento holístico y transdisciplinar al estudio del fenómeno literario que aúne las lecciones de la Filosofía contemporánea y de otras disciplinas que acaso puedan arrojar luz sobre nuestra comprensión de la literatura
Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of rainbow trout farms for the evaluation of potential threat to natural streams in Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Payaswini , Niraula Archana , Rai Anuradha , Pandey Aastha , Gurung Smriti , Sharma Chhatra Mani 
Published: May 2017

Three trout farms from Nepal were studied to investigate the changes in physico-chemical parameters and their potential threat to natural water bodies receiving the effluents. Reference and impact sites were determined in each farm so as to find out the level of impacts due to farming activities. Some of the parameters such as dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, and total dissolve solids were significantly changed in the impacted zones compared to reference sites. Similarly, concentrations of some major ions such as calcium and sodium were increased in the impacted zones. On the other hand, some of the parameters such as pH and potassium did not change in the impacted zone although their concentrations were different among farms studied. Nevertheless, the overall changes in the physico-chemical parameters did not pose health risk to the aquatic ecosystems receiving effluents from these fish farms as the concentrations were below the prescribed levels by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as Nepal Environment Statistics. This is an indication that, although fish farming activities are degrading water qualities, there is no threat to the water quality receiving the effluents yet probably due to small scale farming. The increase in number of fish farms in the same area, however might pose risk to the ecological health in the region which warrants regular monitoring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-6, Issue-2, Mar-May 2017, Page: 43-55
The burden of rare cancers in the United States
Authors: DeSantis Carol E. , Kramer Joan L. , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThere are limited published data on the burden of rare cancers in the United States. By using data from the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, the authors provide information on incidence rates, stage at diagnosis, and survival for more than 100 rare cancers (defined as an incidence of fewer than 6 cases per 100,000 individuals per year) in the United States. Overall, approximately 20% of patients with cancer in the United States are diagnosed with a rare cancer. Rare cancers make up a larger proportion of cancers diagnosed in Hispanic (24%) and Asian/Pacific Islander (22%) patients compared with non‐Hispanic blacks (20%) and non‐Hispanic whites (19%). More than two‐thirds (71%) of cancers occurring in children and adolescents are rare cancers compared with less than 20% of cancers diagnosed in patients aged 65 years and older. Among solid tumors, 59% of rare cancers are diagnosed at regional or distant stages compared with 45% of common cancers. In part because of this stage distribution, 5‐year relative survival is poorer for patients with a rare cancer compared with those diagnosed with a common cancer among both males (55% vs 75%) and females (60% vs 74%). However, 5‐year relative survival is substantially higher for children and adolescents diagnosed with a rare cancer (82%) than for adults (46% for ages 65‐79 years). Continued efforts are needed to develop interventions for prevention, early detection, and treatment to reduce the burden of rare cancers. Such discoveries can often advance knowledge for all cancers. CA Cancer J Clin 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:261–272. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Accurate frequency and time dissemination in the optical domain
Authors: Khabarova K Yu , Kalganova E S , Kolachevsky N N 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The development of the optical frequency comb technique has enabled a wide use of atomic optical clocks by allowing frequency conversion from the optical to the radio frequency range. Today, the fractional instability of such clocks has reached the record eighteen-digit level, two orders of magnitude better than for cesium fountains representing the primary frequency standard. This is paralleled by the development of techniques for transferring accurate time and optical frequency signals, including fiber links. With this technology, the fractional instability of transferred frequency can be lowered to below 10−18 with an averaging time of 1000 s for a 1000 km optical link. At a distance of 500 km, a time signal uncertainty of 250 ps has been achieved. Optical links allow comparing optical clocks and creating a synchronized time and frequency standard network at a new level of precision. Prospects for solving new problems arise, including the determination of the gravitational potential, the measurement of the continental Sagnac effect, and precise tests of fundamental theories.
Diverse early dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium), ecological keystones of the Eocene Baltic amber biota
Authors: Sadowski Eva‐Maria , Seyfullah Leyla J. , Wilson Carol A. , Calvin Clyde L. , Schmidt Alexander R. 
Published: May 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Extant dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium M. Bieb., Viscaceae) are hemiparasites with complex roles in nature. They are one of the most severe pests in northern hemisphere conifer forests, but they also enhance the structural complexity and species diversity of the forests. Here, we describe the first pre‐Miocene macrofossils of dwarf mistletoes. The fossils from Eocene Baltic amber provide new insights into the morphological evolution of the Arceuthobium lineage and its paleobiogeography.METHODS:The amber inclusions were investigated with light microscopy and compared with extant Viscaceae and to historic descriptions of lost Baltic amber fossils with affinities to Viscaceae.KEY RESULTS:Six fossil species of the Arceuthobium lineage, A. johnianum comb. nov., A. mengeanum comb. nov., A. conwentzii sp. nov., A. groehnii sp. nov., A. viscoides comb. nov. and A. obovatum sp. nov., occurred in source forests of Baltic amber, representing the oldest macrofossil evidence of dwarf mistletoes. They share morphological features of their bracts, internodes, fruits, and stomata with extant Arceuthobium. Differences from extant dwarf mistletoes, such as the perianth merosity, the nonfusion of squamate bracts and presence of oblanceolate expanded leaves, indicate their affiliation to an ancient lineage of the genus.CONCLUSIONS:The occurrence of six species of dwarf mistletoes in a single amber deposit suggests Arceuthobium was a keystone taxon of the Baltic amber source area. As in extant conifer forests, they probably influenced the structural complexity of the forest, not only leading to more open woodlands but also increasing species diversity, at least at a microhabitat scale.
Automobile Accidents Attended by Mobile Emergency Care Service
Authors: Barros Ana Virgínia Gomes , Bezerra Anne Milane Formiga , Farias Maria do Carmo Andrade Duarte de , Lima Maryama Naara Felix de Alencar , Medeiros Raquel Campos de , Silva Edineide Nunes da , Silva Letícia Sampaio Chaves , Ferreira Wendel Robson da Silva 
Published: May 2017

Background: Automobile accidents are increasing every day and are becoming a serious public health problem due to the high morbidity and mortality rate. The goal of the current study was to characterise the traffic accidents attended by the Mobile Emergency Care Service (MECS) in Ibiara, PB.
Methods: This exploratory, descriptive, documentary study adopted a quantitative approach and analysis of data. The population consisted of all victims of traffic accidents attended by MECS in the city of Ibiara, PB, from June 2015 to June 2016. The following variables were studied: age, gender, time and day of the week the accident occurred, nature of the incident, substance ingested by the victim, wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) or not, the anatomical lesions on the victim and the body regions hit during the accident.
Results: The sample consisted of 49 accident victims, and the majority (81.6%) were male, predominately 30 to 59 years. Events occurring at night (63.3%) and during the week (65.3%) predominated. The most frequent type of accident was motorcycle fall (71.4%), with almost half having consumed alcohol (46.9%) and most not wearing PPE (77.6%). The regions of the body most affected were the lower limbs (67.3%) and upper limbs (53.1%).
Conclusion: The main factor/cause of these accidents was due to imprudence and violation of traffic laws, highlighting the need to invest in traffic education policies, to direct campaigns for the prevention of traffic accidents, as well as expand the surveillance of traffic laws by authorities.