bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstetrical brachial plexus injury (OBPI): Canada's national clinical practice guideline
Authors: Coroneos Christopher J , Voineskos Sophocles H , Christakis Marie K , Thoma Achilleas , Bain James R , Brouwers Melissa C 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to establish an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the primary management of obstetrical brachial plexus injury (OBPI). This clinical practice guideline addresses 4 existing gaps: (1) historic poor use of evidence, (2) timing of referral to multidisciplinary care, (3) Indications and timing of operative nerve repair and (4) distribution of expertise.SettingThe guideline is intended for all healthcare providers treating infants and children, and all specialists treating upper extremity injuries.ParticipantsThe evidence interpretation and recommendation consensus team (Canadian OBPI Working Group) was composed of clinicians representing each of Canada's 10 multidisciplinary centres.Outcome measuresAn electronic modified Delphi approach was used for consensus, with agreement criteria defined a priori. Quality indicators for referral to a multidisciplinary centre were established by consensus. An original meta-analysis of primary nerve repair and review of Canadian epidemiology and burden were previously completed.Results7 recommendations address clinical gaps and guide identification, referral, treatment and outcome assessment: (1) physically examine for OBPI in newborns with arm asymmetry or risk factors; (2) refer newborns with OBPI to a multidisciplinary centre by 1 month; (3) provide pregnancy/birth history and physical examination findings at birth; (4) multidisciplinary centres should include a therapist and peripheral nerve surgeon experienced with OBPI; (5) physical therapy should be advised by a multidisciplinary team; (6) microsurgical nerve repair is indicated in root avulsion and other OBPI meeting centre operative criteria; (7) the common data set includes the Narakas classification, limb length, Active Movement Scale (AMS) and Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure (BPOM) 2 years after birth/surgery.ConclusionsThe process established a new network of opinion leaders and researchers for further guideline development and multicentre research. A structured referral form is available for primary care, including referral recommendations.
Psychological distress and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 4-year policemen cohort study in China
Authors: Li C , Liu J C , Xiao X , Chen X , Yue S , Yu H , Tian F S , Tang N J 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThis study investigated whether psychological distress predicts the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and if the association differs between populations at a high or low diabetes risk level among Chinese police officers.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingSingle centre.Participants6559 participants underwent clinical measurements at the hospital in April 2007. 5811 police officers participated in the follow-up consisting of new-onset diabetes (NOD) events occurring annually between 2008 and 2011.Primary outcome measuresBaseline data were collected from policemen who completed the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaire and a self-designed questionnaire. Psychological distress was measured by the SCL-90-R questionnaire. Hong Kong Chinese Diabetes Risk Score (HKCDRS) was used to evaluate the risk of T2DM, and the participants were divided into low-risk group and high-risk group based on the HKCDRS. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the HRs of the incidence of T2DM related to psychological distress and further stratified the analysis based on HKCDRS.ResultsAmong 5811 participants, 179 subjects developed NOD during the 4-year follow-up. 54 subjects (1.63%) with a HKCDRS 0–7 vs 125 subjects (4.98%) with a HKCDRS>7 developed NOD (p<0.05). There was a significant association between psychological distress and T2DM (HR=1.46; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.02). Among the participants with a high-risk score (HKCDRS>7), 7.07% of those with psychological distress developed T2DM compared with 4.43% of participants without psychological distress (p<0.05). The corresponding adjusted HR for psychological distress was 1.61 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.37).ConclusionsPsychological distress is an independent risk factor for T2DM in this prospective cohort study. Stratification analysis indicated that psychological distress was associated with T2DM in a high-risk level population.
Increasing general practitioners' confidence and self-efficacy in managing obesity: a mixed methods study
Authors: Sturgiss Elizabeth , Haesler Emily , Elmitt Nicholas , van Weel Chris , Douglas Kirsty 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesInternationally, general practitioners (GPs) are being encouraged to take an active role in the care of their patients with obesity, but as yet there are few tools for them to implement within their clinics. This study assessed the self-efficacy and confidence of GPs before and after implementing a weight management programme in their practice.DesignNested mixed methods study within a 6-month feasibility trial.Setting4 urban general practices and 1 rural general practice in Australia.ParticipantsAll vocationally registered GPs in the local region were eligible and invited to participate; 12 GPs were recruited and 11 completed the study.InterventionsThe Change Programme is a structured GP-delivered weight management programme that uses the therapeutic relationship between the patient and their GP to provide holistic and person-centred care. It is an evidence-based programme founded on Australian guidelines for the management of obesity in primary care.Primary outcome measuresSelf-efficacy and confidence of the GPs when managing obesity was measured using a quantitative survey consisting of Likert scales in conjunction with pro forma interviews.ResultsIn line with social cognitive theory, GPs who experienced performance mastery during the pilot intervention had an increase in their confidence and self-efficacy. In particular, confidence in assisting and arranging care for patients was improved as demonstrated in the survey and supported by the qualitative data. Most importantly from the qualitative data, GPs described changing their usual practice and felt more confident to discuss obesity with all of their patients.ConclusionsA structured management tool for obesity care in general practice can improve GP confidence and self-efficacy in managing obesity. Enhancing GP ‘professional self-efficacy’ is the first step to improving obesity management within general practice.Trial registration numberACTRN12614001192673; Results.
Chapter 13 Anatomy of the Andaman–Nicobar subduction system from seismic reflection data
Authors: Singh Satish C. , Moeremans Raphaële 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

The Andaman–Nicobar subduction system is the northwestern segment of the Sunda subduction system, where the Indian Plate subducts beneath the Sunda Plate in a nearly arc-parallel direction. The entire segment ruptured during the 2004 great Andaman–Sumatra earthquake (
M
w
=9.3). Using recently acquired high-resolution seismic reflection data, we characterize the shallow structure of the whole Andaman–Nicobar subduction system from west to east, starting from the nature of the subducting plate in the Bay of Bengal to back-arc spreading in the Andaman Sea. We find that the Ninety-East Ridge is overlain by thick continental margin sediments beneath the recent Bengal Fan sediments. The boundary between these two sedimentary units defines the plate interface. We observe evidence of re-activation of fracture zones on the subducting plate beneath the forearc, influencing the morphology of the upper plate. The forearc region, which includes the accretionary wedge, the forearc high and the forearc basin, is exceptionally wide (250 km). We observe an unusually large bathymetric depression within the forearc high. The forearc high is bounded in the east by a normal fault, whereas the forearc basin contains an active backthrust. The forearc basin is floored by the continental crust of Malayan Peninsula origin. The active sliver strike-slip fault lies in a deep basin, created during the rifting of the forearc continental crust and the Malayan Peninsula. The sliver fault connects with the Great Sumatra Fault in the south and with the Sagaing Fault in the north, via the Andaman Sea spreading centre and a large transform fault in the Andaman Sea.
Chapter 15 The 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami
Authors: Carter A. , Bandopadhyay P. C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami had variable impacts on the Andaman and Nicobar islands. While the earthquake rupture caused land-elevation changes (uplift in the west, subsidence in the east and south) and co-seismic shaking damaged buildings and weakened the infrastucture (roads, bridges, jetties), the tsunami caused most devastation. The largely tribal-populated, low-elevation smaller islands in the Nicobars were the most affected with two islands (Katchall and Pilmillow) losing nearly 90% of their population. This chapter documents and presents new evidence of the impacts of the earthquake and tsunami.
Mutant IDH1 Disrupts the Mouse Subventricular Zone and Alters Brain Tumor Progression
Authors: Pirozzi Christopher J. , Carpenter Austin B. , Waitkus Matthew S. , Wang Catherine Y. , Zhu Huishan , Hansen Landon J. , Chen Lee H. , Greer Paula K. , Feng Jie , Wang Yu , Bock Cheryl B. , Fan Ping , Spasojevic Ivan , McLendon Roger E. , Bigner Darell D. , He Yiping , Yan Hai 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
IDH1 mutations occur in the majority of low-grade gliomas and lead to the production of the oncometabolite, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). To understand the effects of tumor-associated mutant IDH1 (IDH1-R132H) on both the neural stem cell (NSC) population and brain tumorigenesis, genetically faithful cell lines and mouse model systems were generated. Here, it is reported that mouse NSCs expressing Idh1-R132H displayed reduced proliferation due to p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest as well as a decreased ability to undergo neuronal differentiation. In vivo, Idh1-R132H expression reduced proliferation of cells within the germinal zone of the subventricular zone (SVZ). The NSCs within this area were dispersed and disorganized in mutant animals, suggesting that Idh1-R132H perturbed the NSCs and the microenvironment from which gliomas arise. In addition, tumor-bearing animals expressing mutant Idh1 displayed a prolonged survival and also overexpressed Olig2, features consistent with IDH1-mutated human gliomas. These data indicate that mutant Idh1 disrupts the NSC microenvironment and the candidate cell-of-origin for glioma; thus, altering the progression of tumorigenesis. In addition, this study provides a mutant Idh1 brain tumor model that genetically recapitulates human disease, laying the foundation for future investigations on mutant IDH1-mediated brain tumorigenesis and targeted therapy.
Implications: Through the use of a conditional mutant mouse model that confers a less aggressive tumor phenotype, this study reveals that mutant Idh1 impacts the candidate cell-of-origin for gliomas. Mol Cancer Res; 15(5); 507–20. ©2017 AACR.
Performance of the 20-minute whole blood clotting test in detecting venom induced consumption coagulopathy from Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii) bites
Authors: Ratnayake Indira , Shihana Fathima , Dissanayake Dhammika M. , Buckley Nicholas A. , Maduwage Kalana , Isbister Geoffrey K. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe 20-minute whole blood clotting test (WBCT20) is used as a bed-side diagnostic test for coagulopathic snake envenoming. We aimed to assess the performance of the WBCT20 in diagnosis of venom induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC) in Russell’s viper envenoming. Adult patients admitted with suspected snake bites were recruited from two hospitals. WBCT20 and prothrombin time (PT) test were performed on admission. WBCT20 was done by trained clinical research assistants using 1 ml whole blood in a 5 ml borosilicate glass tube with a 10 mm internal diameter. The PT was measured by a semi-automated coagulation system and international normalised ratio (INR) calculated. VICC was defined as present if the INR was >1.4. The diagnostic utility of WBCT20 was determined by calculating the sensitivity and specificity of the WBCT20 on admission for detecting VICC. There were 987 snake bites where both WBCT20 and PT were done on admission samples. This included 79 patients (8 %) with VICC. The WBCT20 was positive in 65/79 patients with VICC (sensitivity 82 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 72–90 %) and was falsely positive in 13/908 with no coagulopathy. The WBCT20 was negative in 895/908 snake bites with no coagulopathy (specificity: 98 % 95 % CI: 97–99 %) and was falsely negative in 14/79 with VICC. Using trained clinical staff, the WBCT20 test had a relatively good sensitivity for the detection of VICC, but still missed almost one fifth of cases where antivenom was potentially indicated.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Changes in Northern Hemisphere Winter Storm Tracks under the Background of Arctic Amplification
Authors: Wang Jiabao , Kim Hye-Mi , Chang Edmund K. M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
An interdecadal weakening in the North Atlantic storm track (NAST) and a poleward shift of the North Pacific storm track (NPST) are found during October–March for the period 1979–2015. A significant warming of surface air temperature (Ts) over northeastern North America and a La Niña–like change in the North Pacific under the background of Arctic amplification are found to be the contributors to the observed changes in the NAST and the NPST, respectively, via modulation of local baroclinicity. The interdecadal change in baroclinic energy conversion is consistent with changes in storm tracks with an energy loss from eddies to mean flow over the North Atlantic and an energy gain over the North Pacific. The analysis of simulations from the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble project, although with some biases in storm-track and Ts simulations, supports the observed relationship between the NAST and Ts over northeastern North America, as well as the link between the NPST and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The near-future projections of Ts and storm tracks are characterized by a warmer planet under the influence of increasing greenhouse gases and a significant weakening of both the NAST and the NPST. The potential role of the NAST in redistributing changes in Ts over the surrounding regions is also examined. The anomalous equatorward moisture flux associated with the weakening trend of the NAST would enhance the warming over its upstream region and hinder the warming over its downstream region via modulation of the downward infrared radiation.
A Data-Driven Approach for Daily Real-Time Estimates and Forecasts of Near-Surface Soil Moisture
Authors: Koster Randal D. , Reichle Rolf H. , Mahanama Sarith P. P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission provides global surface soil moisture retrievals with a revisit time of 2–3 days and a latency of 24 h. Here, to enhance the utility of the SMAP data, an approach is presented for improving real-time soil moisture estimates (nowcasts) and for forecasting soil moisture several days into the future. The approach, which involves using an estimate of loss processes (evaporation and drainage) and precipitation to evolve the most recent SMAP retrieval forward in time, is evaluated against subsequent SMAP retrievals themselves. The nowcast accuracy over the continental United States is shown to be markedly higher than that achieved with the simple yet common persistence approach. The accuracy of soil moisture forecasts, which rely on precipitation forecasts rather than on precipitation measurements, is reduced relative to nowcast accuracy but is still significantly higher than that obtained through persistence.
Uncertainties in Current Measurements in the Northern North Sea
Authors: Bruserud Kjersti , Haver Sverre 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA met–ocean measurement program of waves and current profiles at five locations in the northern North Sea was performed over a period of approximately 5 years. Despite quality control, the measured current speed data contained more noise than expected and large discrepancies were observed between overlapping current speed data measured by different current profilers at the same locations and water depths. Some of the noise and discrepancies can be explained by the influence from surface waves. The current measurements from instruments attached to a surface buoy indicated that these suffered from the influence of surface waves. Further investigations of the uncertainties in current speed data were carried out through three phases of a current verification study, where both additional current measurements and data analysis were done. Comparisons of overlapping measured current speed showed large deviations, suggesting that the accuracy of current measurements is not as good as the user expects. These presented results are in contrast to previous studies of overlapping current measurements.
Prediction of Physical Activity Level Using Processes of Change From the Transtheoretical Model: Experiential, Behavioral, or an Interaction Effect?
Authors: Romain Ahmed Jérôme , Horwath Caroline , Bernard Paquito 
Published: February 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to compare prediction of physical activity (PA) by experiential or behavioral processes of change (POCs) or an interaction between both types of processes. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: This study was conducted using an online questionnaire. Participants: A total of 394 participants (244 women, 150 men), with a mean age of 35.12 ± 12.04 years and a mean body mass index of 22.97 ± 4.25 kg/m2 were included. Measures: Participants completed the Processes of Change, Stages of Change questionnaires, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to evaluate self-reported PA level (total, vigorous, and moderate PA). Analysis: Hierarchical multiple regression models were used to test the prediction of PA level. Results: For both total PA (β = .261; P < .001) and vigorous PA (β = .297; P < .001), only behavioral POCs were a significant predictor. Regarding moderate PA, only the interaction between experiential and behavioral POCs was a significant predictor (β = .123; P = .017). Conclusion: Our results provide confirmation that behavioral processes are most prominent in PA behavior. Nevertheless, it is of interest to note that the interaction between experiential and behavioral POCs was the only element predicting moderate PA level. Experiential processes were not associated with PA level.
Pembrolizumab-induced myasthenia gravis: A fatal case report
Authors: March Katherine L , Samarin Michael J , Sodhi Amik , Owens Ryan E 
Published: February 2017

Purpose Pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody which inhibits the programmed cell death 1 receptor, has been shown to efficaciously enhance pre-existing immune responses to malignancies. However, safety concerns must also be considered as pembrolizumab use has been associated with several life-threatening immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We report a fatal case of pembrolizumab-induced myasthenia gravis in a patient with no prior myasthenia gravis history. Case report A 63-year-old male presented with right eyelid drooping, puffiness, blurred vision, and shortness of breath two weeks after an initial infusion of pembrolizumab. He was subsequently diagnosed with new onset acetylcholine-receptor positive myasthenia gravis. Despite aggressive treatment with corticosteroids, pyridostigmine, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis, the patient clinically deteriorated and ultimately expired from acute respiratory failure after a 12-day hospitalization. Discussion Current package labeling for pembrolizumab warns against various irAEs associated with its use including pneumonitis, colitis, and endocrinopathies. To date, only one case of new onset myasthenia gravis and two case reports of myasthenia gravis exacerbation have been identified. This case further highlights the mortality risk associated with development of irAEs. Conclusion While rare, evidence for the development of MG associated with pembrolizumab is growing. Prompt recognition of symptoms and discontinuation of pembrolizumab is necessary to help improve prognosis.
Minimum transmission time of Cytauxzoon felis by Amblyomma americanum to domestic cats in relation to duration of infestation, and investigation of ingestion of infected ticks as a potential route of transmission
Authors: Thomas Jennifer E , Ohmes Cameon M , Payton Mark E , Hostetler Joseph A , Reichard Mason V 
Published: February 2017

Objectives The objectives of the present study were to determine the duration of infestation by Amblyomma americanum necessary for transmission of Cytauxzoon felis to domestic cats and to determine if ingestion of C felis-infected A americanum by cats is a route of transmission. Methods Forty-nine cats were assigned to one of seven groups, with seven cats per group. Cats were infested with A americanum adults, acquisition fed as nymphs on a cytauxzoonosis survivor cat, for 12 h (group 1), 18 h (group 2), 24 h (group 3), 36 h (group 4), 48 h (group 5) and to repletion (group 7; control). Cats in group 6 were fed C felis-infected ticks. Thumb counts were performed at the end of the duration of infestation for groups 1–5 and at 48 h for the control group. For group 6, 50 live C felis-infected adult A americanum were mixed with food and fed to each of the cats. Transmission of C felis was determined by examining blood of cats by DNA extraction followed by PCR. Results Of 50 ticks placed on each cat (groups 1–5 and 7), the arithmetic mean attachment ± SEM ranged from 46.9 ± 1.9 in group 3 to 49.3 ± 0.3 in group 1. In group 6, the average number ± SEM of ticks ingested was 46.5 ± 2.3. One cat in group 5 that had been infested for 48 h became infected with C felis. None of the cats in group 6 (ingestion) became infected with C felis. Six of 7 (85.7%) cats in group 7, the control group, became infected with C felis. Conclusions and relevance Our results indicate that transmission of C felis to domestic cats can happen as quickly as >36 h but ⩽48 h of exposure to A americanum infected with C felis and that ingestion of C felis-infected A americanum is not a likely route of transmission.