bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histoid leprosy: clinical and histopathological analysis of patients in follow‐up in University Clinical Hospital of endemic country
Authors: Canuto Maria J. M. , Yacoub Carolina R. D. , Trindade Maria A. B. , Avancini Joao , Pagliari Carla , Sotto Mirian N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundHistoid leprosy (HL) is a rare form of lepromatous leprosy, characterized by hyperchromic indurated nodules above normal skin. Its main histopathological aspect is spindle cells. Because it may simulate other aspects, such as dermatofibroma and neurofibroma, histoid leprosy poses itself as a diagnostic challenge.MethodsThis is a retrospective study with all patients having been selected from the leprosy clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo from 2006 to 2016.ResultsThere were 12 patients in this study, eight in the histoid group and four in the lepromatous leprosy group. The prevalence of HL was 1.12% in all leprosy subjects. All individuals from HL group were “de novo” cases, and the histopathological analysis of skin lesions presented spindle cells generating a storiform pattern. Immunohistochemistry for CD68, vimentin, and anti‐BCG were positive in all 12 cases. Factor XIIIa was visualized only in the papillary dermis, and S100 protein was negative in all biopsies. Smooth‐muscle actin was present in 62.5% of the HL samples.ConclusionThe prevalence of HL was similar to previous reports. However, all histoid patients were “de novo” cases, differing from published studies. Fusocellular macrophage transformation could be explained by the differences in cytoskeleton proteins expressed in histoid lesions in comparison to other leprosy variants, with emphasis on vimentin and smooth muscle actin.
When all other doors are closed: Telenurses' experiences of encountering care seekers with mental illnesses
Authors: Bjorkman Annica , Salzmann‐Erikson Martin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe the telephone nurses' experiences of encountering callers with mental illnesses. Telenursing services are solely staffed with telenurses, who with the support of a decision support system (CDSS) independently triage callers based on the severity of the main symptoms presented by the care seeker. The system focuses on somatic symptoms, while information regarding mental health and mental illnesses is limited. Information about telenurses' experiences of encountering care seekers with mental illnesses is scarce, despite the increase in mental illnesses in the population. The study used a descriptive design with a qualitative approach. Twenty telenurses were interviewed, and the data were then analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis. The results are elaborated in the following three categories: (i) Experiences of encountering care seekers with mental illnesses; (ii) Experiences of facing difficulties and challenges; and (iii) Experiences of facing dissatisfaction and threats. Encountering care seekers with mental illnesses is metaphorically addressed as ‘when all other doors are closed’. Encountering care seekers with mental illnesses was perceived as time‐consuming and did not adequately correspond to the resources given by the service. Even though telenurses strive to achieve agreement, there is a collision between human needs and organizational structures. The study pinpoints the lack of resources for and education about mental illnesses and the limitations of the decision system, which needs to be updated in order to provide all care seekers care on equal terms.
Unexpected absence of island endemics: Long‐distance dispersal in higher latitude sub‐Antarctic Siphonaria (Gastropoda: Euthyneura) species
Authors: González‐Wevar Claudio A. , Segovia Nicolás I. , Rosenfeld Sebastián , Ojeda Jaime , Hüne Mathias , Naretto Javier , Saucède Thomas , Brickle Paul , Morley Simon , Féral Jean‐Pierre , Spencer Hamish G. , Poulin Elie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimWe assess biogeographical patterns, population structure and the range of species in the pulmonate genus Siphonaria across the sub‐Antarctic. We hypothesized that locally endemic cryptic species will be found across the distribution of these direct‐developing limpets in the sub‐Antarctic.LocationThe sub‐Antarctic coasts of the Southern Ocean including South America, the Falkland/Malvinas, South Georgia, Kerguelen and Macquarie Islands.MethodsMulti‐locus phylogenetic reconstructions, mtDNA time‐calibrated divergence time estimations and population‐based analyses of Siphonaria populations were used at the scale of the Southern Ocean.ResultsWe resolve two widely distributed lineages of Siphonaria (S. lateralis and S. fuegiensis) across the sub‐Antarctic. MtDNA divergence time estimates suggest that they were separated around 4.0 Ma (3.0 to 8.0 Ma). Subsequently both species followed different evolutionary pathways across their distributions. Low levels of genetic diversity characterize the populations of both species, reflecting the role of Quaternary glacial cycles during their respective demographic histories, suggesting high levels of dispersal among geographically distant localities.Main conclusionsSiphonaria lateralis and S. fuegiensis constitute sister and broadly co‐distributed species across the sub‐Antarctic. Unexpected transoceanic similarities and low levels of genetic diversity in both these direct‐developing species imply recurrent recolonization processes through long‐distance dispersal to isolated sub‐Antarctic islands. For such groups of Southern Ocean invertebrates, rafting may be more effective for long‐distance dispersal than a free‐living planktotrophic larval stage. This biogeographical model may explain why many marine species lacking a dispersal phase exhibit broad distributions, low genetic diversity and low population structure over thousands of kilometres.
Incidence and risk factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance failure
Authors: Mancebo Alejo , Varela María , González‐Diéguez María Luisa , Navascués Carmen A , Cadahía Valle , Mesa‐Álvarez Alicia , Rodrigo Luis , Rodríguez Manuel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground and AimSurveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) intends to detect tumors at an early stage to improve survival. The study aims were to assess the frequency and risk factors associated with HCC surveillance failure.MethodsThe study analyzed data from 188 consecutive patients diagnosed with HCC within a surveillance program conducted among 1,242 cirrhotic patients and based on ultrasonography and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) testing every 3 or 6 months. Program failure was defined as the detection of HCC exceeding the Milan criteria. Variables recorded at entry into the program, during follow‐up and at HCC diagnosis, were analyzed.ResultsAt diagnosis, 50 (26.6%) HCC tumors were beyond the Milan criteria. In univariate analysis, Child‐Pugh B at entry (P = 0.03), development of complications of portal hypertension before tumor diagnosis (P = 0.03), and failure to complete the prior screening round (P = 0.02), Child‐Pugh B/C (P = 0.001) and AFP ≥ 100 ng/mL (P = 0.03) at diagnosis, were associated with failure. In multivariate analysis, only Child‐Pugh B/C (hazard ratio, 3.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.66–6.10, P < 0.001) and AFP ≥ 100 ng/mL, both at diagnosis (hazard ratio, 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–5.71, P = 0.005), were independently associated with failure. Survival was higher among patients with tumors within the Milan criteria than those with program failure (33.9 vs 7.6 months, P < 0.001).ConclusionsApproximately 25% of HCC cases diagnosed among patients included in a surveillance program were beyond the Milan criteria. Child‐Pugh B/C and AFP ≥ 100 ng/mL at diagnosis were associated with program failure. However, Child‐Pugh B at entry and development of liver‐related complications during follow‐up can be early predictors of failure.
Immediate and delayed loading of fixed dental prostheses supported by single or two splinted implants: A histomorphometric study in dogs
Authors: Cesaretti G. , Lang N. P. , Viganò P. , Bengazi F. , Apaza Alccayhuaman K. A. , Botticelli D. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryTo evaluate presumptive differences in osseointegration at implants supporting crowns that are physiologically loaded either immediately or 3 months after installation. All premolars and first molars were extracted bilaterally in six dogs. After 3 months of healing, three implants were installed on the premolar region and two in the molar region in one side of the mandible. Likewise, after another 3 months, five implants were installed in the contralateral side, and impressions were taken bilaterally. Within 48 hours, two single crowns were screwed bilaterally onto two implants in the premolar region, and two splinted crowns reproducing the shape of the first molar were screwed bilaterally onto the implants in the molar region. The mesial implants were used as no‐loaded controls. Sacrifices were performed after 3 months, and histological analyses were performed. At the premolar sites, mineralised bone‐to‐implant contact (MBIC%) was 78.0 ± 4.0% and 70.9 ± 7.9% at the delayed and immediately loaded sites, respectively. This difference was statistically significant. At the control implants, MBIC% was 61.4 ± 14.7% and 63.1 ± 13.1% at the delayed and the immediately loaded sites, respectively. At the molar sites, MBIC% was 79.2 ± 10.9% and 61.1 ± 10.3% at the delayed and immediately loaded sites, respectively. Applying a delayed loading to fixed dental prostheses supported by single or two splinted implants yielded higher proportions of bone‐to‐implant contact (osseointegration) compared to immediately loaded implants. Moreover, both types of loading protocols yielded a higher rate of osseointegration compared to unloaded implant sites after 3 months following implant installation.
Rapid diagnosis of rice bakanae caused by Fusarium fujikuroi and F. proliferatum using loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assays
Authors: Rong Zhenyang , Yuan Yongtian , Ye Wenwu , Wang Xiaoli , Zheng Xiaobo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRice bakanae is an important disease that causes serious rice production loss worldwide. We describe a new method for rapid diagnosis of rice bakanae caused by Fusarium fujikuroi and F. proliferatum, based on loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays. After screening, primers were selected to target FusariumDNA sequences, that is, the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the nuclear ribosomal operon and reductase‐coding region (RED1) in F. fujikuroi and F. proliferatum, respectively. Both LAMP assays efficiently amplified target genes in 70 min at 62°C. A colour change from purple to sky blue (visible to the unaided eye) was observed in the presence of the DNA of the targeted pathogens only, by adding hydroxynaphthol blue to the reaction system prior to amplification. The minimum of genomic DNA needed in the assays was 67 and 346 pg/μl for F. fujikuroi and F. proliferatum, respectively. Using the two assays described here, we successfully and rapidly diagnosed suspected diseased rice plant and seed samples collected from Jiangsu Province.
Prevalence of sleep disturbances in Chinese university students: a comprehensive meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Lu , Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Shi‐Bin , Zhang Ling , Li Lin , Xu Dan‐Dan , Ng Chee H. , Ungvari Gabor S. , Cui Xiling , Liu Zhao‐Min , De Li Spencer , Jia Fu‐Jun , Xiang Yu‐Tao 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis is a meta‐analysis of the pooled prevalence of sleep disturbances and its associated factors in Chinese university students. English (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase) and Chinese (SinoMed, Wan Fang Database and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases were systematically and independently searched from inception until 16 August 2016. The prevalence of sleep disturbances was pooled using random‐effects model. Altogether 76 studies involving 112 939 university students were included. The overall pooled prevalence of sleep disturbances was 25.7% (95% CI: 22.5–28.9%). When using the screening scales Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Athens Insomnia Scale and Self‐Rating Sleeping State Scale, and the diagnostic criteria of the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (Second Edition), the pooled prevalence of sleep disturbances was 24.1% (95% CI: 21.0–27.5%) and 18.1% (95% CI: 16.4–20.0%), respectively. The percentages of students dissatisfied with sleep quality and those suffering from insomnia symptoms were 20.3% (95% CI: 13.0–30.3%) and 23.6% (95% CI: 18.9–29.0%), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that medical students were more vulnerable to sleep disturbances than other student groups. There was no significant difference between males and females, and across geographic locations. Sleep disturbances are common in Chinese university students. Appropriate strategies for prevention and treatment of sleep disturbances in this population need greater attention.
A single night of sleep loss impairs objective but not subjective working memory performance in a sex‐dependent manner
Authors: Rångtell Frida H. , Karamchedu Swathy , Andersson Peter , Liethof Lisanne , Olaya Búcaro Marcela , Lampola Lauri , Schiöth Helgi B. , Cedernaes Jonathan , Benedict Christian 
Published: January 2018

SummaryAcute sleep deprivation can lead to judgement errors and thereby increases the risk of accidents, possibly due to an impaired working memory. However, whether the adverse effects of acute sleep loss on working memory are modulated by auditory distraction in women and men are not known. Additionally, it is unknown whether sleep loss alters the way in which men and women perceive their working memory performance. Thus, 24 young adults (12 women using oral contraceptives at the time of investigation) participated in two experimental conditions: nocturnal sleep (scheduled between 22:30 and 06:30 hours) versus one night of total sleep loss. Participants were administered a digital working memory test in which eight‐digit sequences were learned and retrieved in the morning after each condition. Learning of digital sequences was accompanied by either silence or auditory distraction (equal distribution among trials). After sequence retrieval, each trial ended with a question regarding how certain participants were of the correctness of their response, as a self‐estimate of working memory performance. We found that sleep loss impaired objective but not self‐estimated working memory performance in women. In contrast, both measures remained unaffected by sleep loss in men. Auditory distraction impaired working memory performance, without modulation by sleep loss or sex. Being unaware of cognitive limitations when sleep‐deprived, as seen in our study, could lead to undesirable consequences in, for example, an occupational context. Our findings suggest that sleep‐deprived young women are at particular risk for overestimating their working memory performance.
Effects of fragmentation on the plant functional composition and diversity of remnant woodlands in a young and rapidly expanding city
Authors: Ramalho Cristina E. , Laliberté Etienne , Poot Pieter , Hobbs Richard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractQuestionsHow do plant functional trait abundance and diversity in urban remnants of a rapidly urbanizing city change with fragmentation? Is there a delayed functional response to fragmentation?LocationThirty remnant Banksia woodlands, Perth, Australia.MethodsWe used GLMM to examine the effects of remnant age and area, and their interaction, on the relative abundance and functional diversity (FD) of five plant functional traits: growth form, pollination, seed dispersal, nutrient acquisition and regeneration strategies. We then used fourth‐corner analysis to examine the influence of a wider set of fragmentation‐related factors on trait abundances.ResultsThe functional composition and diversity of Banksia woodlands changed with remnant age, particularly in the smaller remnants. Plants more prone to decline with remnant age were the growth form shrubs, root‐clustered trees, herbaceous obligate seeders and understorey species that are insect‐pollinated, have seeds dispersal internally by animals and have arbuscular or ericoid mycorrhizas. In contrast, plants more prone to persist were growth forms trees, sedges and rushes, ectomycorrhizal trees, herbaceous resprouters, wind‐pollinated and root‐clustered understorey species. FD increased with remnant age in the growth forms and overstorey, but declined among the herbaceous and shrub pollination and nutrient acquisition traits.ConclusionsFunctional traits that consistently signalled the plant community response to fragmentation were growth form, pollination and dispersal. This functional response was largely delayed, suggesting a ″functional extinction debt″, which will lead to a further decline of plants with vulnerable trait states in the future, especially in the small‐ and medium‐sized remnants. Our study illustrates the vulnerability of small remnants to changes in community assembly and ecosystem function due to fragmentation. Furthermore, it exemplifies how a functional trait approach is valuable to understand the impacts of urbanization on remnant plant communities, before local extinctions may occur. Finally, the study shows how cities’ fragmentation history and biogeographic settings provide an important context influencing plant functional responses to urbanization‐related processes.
Vector competence of Culex antennatus and Anopheles coustani mosquitoes for Rift Valley fever virus in Madagascar
Authors: NEPOMICHENE T. N. J. J. , RAHARIMALALA F. N. , ANDRIAMANDIMBY S. F. , RAVALOHERY J.‐P. , FAILLOUX A.‐B. , HERAUD J.‐M. , BOYER S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCulex antennatus (Diptera: Culicidae), Anopheles coustani (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anopheles squamosus/cydippis were found to be infected with Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) during an epidemic that occurred in 2008 and 2009 in Madagascar. To understand the roles played by Cx. antennatus and An. coustani in virus maintenance and transmission, RVFV vector competence was assessed in each species. Mosquito body parts and saliva of mosquitoes that fed on RVFV‐infected blood were tested for RVFV using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) assays. Overall, viral RNA was detected in body parts and saliva at 5 days post‐infection (d.p.i.) in both species. At 5 d.p.i., infection rates were 12.5% (3/24) and 15.8% (6/38), disseminated infection rates were 100% (3/3) and 100% (6/6), transmission rates were 33.3% (1/3) and 83.3% (5/6), and transmission efficiencies were 4.2% (1/24) and 13.2% (5/38) in Cx. antennatus and An. coustani, respectively. Although RVFV detected in saliva did not propagate on to Vero cells, these results support potential roles for these two mosquito species in the transmission of RVFV.
Predicted accommodative response from image quality in young eyes fitted with different dual‐focus designs
Authors: Faria‐Ribeiro Miguel , Amorim‐de‐Sousa Ana , González‐Méijome José M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the separated and combined influences of inner zone (IZ) diameter and effective add power of dual‐focus contact lenses (CL) in the image quality at distance and near viewing, in a functional accommodating model eye.MethodsComputational wave‐optics methods were used to define zonal bifocal pupil functions, representing the optic zones of nine dual‐focus centre‐distance CLs. The dual‐focus pupil functions were defined having IZ diameters of 2.10 mm, 3.36 mm and 4.00 mm, with add powers of 1.5 D, 2.0 D and 2.5 D (dioptres), for each design, that resulted in a ratio of 64%/36% between the distance and treatment zone areas, bounded by a 6 mm entrance pupil. A through‐focus routine was implemented in MATLAB to simulate the changes in image quality, calculated from the Visual Strehl ratio, as the eye with the dual‐focus accommodates, from 0 to −3.00 D target vergences. Accommodative responses were defined as the changes in the defocus coefficient, combined with a change in fourth and sixth order spherical aberration, which produced a peak in image quality at each target vergence.ResultsDistance viewing image quality was marginally affected by IZ diameter but not by add power. Near image quality obtained when focussing the image formed by the near optics was only higher by a small amount compared to the other two IZ diameters. The mean ± standard deviation values obtained with the three adds were 0.28 ± 0.02, 0.23 ± 0.02 and 0.22 ± 0.02, for the small, medium and larger IZ diameters, respectively. On the other hand, near image quality predicted by focussing the image formed by the distance optics was considerably lower relatively to the other two IZ diameters. The mean ± standard deviation values obtained with the three adds were 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.38 ± 0.00 and 0.54 ± 0.01, for the small, medium and larger IZ diameters, respectively.ConclusionsDuring near viewing through dual‐focus CLs, image quality depends on the diameter of the most inner zone of the CL, while add power only affects the range of clear focus when focussing the image formed by the CL near optics. When only image quality gain is taken into consideration, medium and large IZ diameters designs are most likely to promote normal accommodative responses driven by the CL distance optics, while a smaller IZ diameter design is most likely to promote a reduced accommodative response driven by the dual‐focus CL near optics.
Plasma membrane proteome analysis identifies a role of barley membrane steroid binding protein in root architecture response to salinity
Authors: Witzel Katja , Matros Andrea , Møller Anders L.B. , Ramireddy Eswarayya , Finnie Christine , Peukert Manuela , Rutten Twan , Herzog Andreas , Kunze Gotthard , Melzer Michael , Kaspar‐Schoenefeld Stephanie , Schmülling Thomas , Svensson Birte , Mock Hans‐Peter 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlthough the physiological consequences of plant growth under saline conditions have been well described, understanding the core mechanisms conferring plant salt adaptation has only started. We target the root plasma membrane proteomes of two barley varieties, cvs. Steptoe and Morex, with contrasting salinity tolerance. In total, 588 plasma membrane proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, of which 182 were either cultivar or salinity stress responsive. Three candidate proteins with increased abundance in the tolerant cv. Morex were involved either in sterol binding (a GTPase‐activating protein for the adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor [ZIGA2], and a membrane steroid binding protein [MSBP]) or in phospholipid synthesis (phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase [PEAMT]). Overexpression of barley MSBP conferred salinity tolerance to yeast cells, whereas the knock‐out of the heterologous AtMSBP1 increased salt sensitivity in Arabidopsis. Atmsbp1 plants showed a reduced number of lateral roots under salinity, and root‐tip‐specific expression of barley MSBP in Atmsbp1 complemented this phenotype. In barley, an increased abundance of MSBP correlates with reduced root length and lateral root formation as well as increased levels of auxin under salinity being stronger in the tolerant cv. Morex. Hence, we concluded the involvement of MSBP in phytohormone‐directed adaptation of root architecture in response to salinity.