bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Care for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Patrick Stephen W. , Schumacher Robert E. , Horbar Jeffrey D. , Buus-Frank Madge E. , Edwards Erika M. , Morrow Kate A. , Ferrelli Karla R. , Picarillo Alan P. , Gupta Munish , Soll Roger F. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Care for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), a postnatal drug withdrawal syndrome, remains variable. We designed and implemented a multicenter quality improvement collaborative for infants with NAS. Our objective was to determine if the collaborative was effective in standardizing hospital policies and improving patient outcomes.

METHODS:
From 2012 to 2014, data were collected through serial cross-sectional audits of participating centers. Hospitals assessed institutional policies and patient-level data for infants with NAS requiring pharmacotherapy, including length of pharmacologic treatment and length of hospital stay (LOS). Models were fit, clustered according to hospital, to evaluate changes in patient outcomes over time.

RESULTS:
Among 199 participating centers, the mean number of NAS-focused guidelines increased from 3.7 to 5.1 of a possible 6 (P &lt; .001), with improvements noted in all measured domains. Among infants cared for at participating centers, decreases occurred in median (interquartile range) length of pharmacologic treatment, from 16 days (10 to 27 days) to 15 days (10 to 24 days; P = .02), and LOS from 21 days (14 to 33 days) to 19 days (15 to 28 days; P = .002). In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of infants discharged on medication for NAS, from 39.7% to 26.5% (P = .02). After adjusting for potential confounders, standardized NAS scoring process was associated with shorter LOS (–3.3 days,95% confidence interval, –4.9 to –1.4).

CONCLUSIONS:
Involvement in a multicenter, multistate quality improvement collaborative focused on infants requiring pharmacologic treatment for NAS was associated with increases in standardizing hospital patient care policies and decreases in health care utilization.
Extracción manual de garrapatas Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus en ganado bovino como estrategia de control
Authors: WingChing Jones Rodolfo 
Published: April 2016

<p>Se determinó el impacto de la extracción manual de garrapatas sobre la población de individuos por animal durante los años 2009 al 2012, en un hato Jersey dedicado a la producción láctea en Turrialba, Costa Rica. Dos veces por semana, durante el ordeño de la mañana, se contaban y extraían las garrapatas con un tamaño entre 5 y 10 mm de largo. La información fue registrada en una base de datos de acuerdo al número de identificación del animal, con el día del muestreo, el mes, el año, el aparto de la posible infestación (15 días antes del muestreo), el lado del animal muestreado, la zona anatómica de muestreo y el número de garrapatas recolectadas por área y el total recolectado por día (sumatoria de todas las áreas de muestreo). El conteo de garrapatas por animal fue afectado significativamente por el animal, el mes y el año del muestreo, el aparto de la finca, el número de animales en pastoreo, la zona anatómica de muestreo del animal y el lado del animal (p&lt;0,05). El número de garrapatas por animal durante todo el año fluctuó entre 0,53 y 1,56 garrapatas por animal (por muestreo), siendo mayor en condiciones de mayor precipitación. La técnica redujo en 21% la población inicial de garrapatas, sin embargo, la implementación de la misma esta condicionada a la cantidad de animales que conforma el hato de la finca y así como a la disponibilidad del personal.</p>
Structure of a Story-Telling Performance Among Carpatho-Rusyns in Zakarpats'ka Oblast' of Ukraine: A Case Study
Authors: Boudovskaia Elena 
Published: April 2016

This article analyses the transcript of the story-telling session with two participants, an 89-year-old woman and a 54-year-old man, that I audio-recorded in August of 2014 in the village of Novoselytsia in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine. Although Western krainian and Rusyn folk stories have been extensively collected since 1880-s (Hnatiuk 1897, 1898, 1900, Rozdol's'kyi 1899, 1900, etc.), entire story-telling sessions in these region have not been studied. My transcript reflects certain features of story-telling performance's macro- and micro-structure that either do not get recorded or get edited out in publications of folk texts, such as interaction between participants, discourse markers for organizing performance, repetitions, and digressions into everyday reality. After analyzing these features using Hymes' approach to linguistic and discourse markers in folk performance, I foreground the precise mechanism through which the collective creation of folklore [Jakobson and Bogatyrev 1980 [1929]] takes place.
Aimaras de Puno y la actitud Minera: ’¿para llegar a la vida hay que pasar por la muerte ?
Authors: Bermejo Paredes Saul , Maquera Yanet Amanda 
Published: April 2016

<p>RESUMEN</p><p>El estudio, es una aproximación a la comprensión epistemológica y ontológica aimara a partir de las expresiones de pensamiento y actitudes de los pobladores aimaras asentados en la zona sur de la región de Puno-Perú, que en el año 2011 protagonizaron grandes movimientos sociales y políticos con resonancia mundial, en oposición a las concesiones y actividades mineras en sus territorios. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la gran polaridad cognitiva entre la racionalidad aimara y el oficial-dominante y que la actividad minera para los aimaras, es peor que la muerte misma. El aimara no es un salvaje que se opone al progreso y al bienestar común, sino para él, el bienestar del ser (disfrute a plenitud), expresado por la armonía inconmensurable entre hombre-universo (relación interdependiente entre sujeto-objeto), es lo esencial, para vivir como ser humano. El bienestar no se alcanza sacrificando el presente, porque el concepto de vida no es lineal y progresivo, lo lógico para los aimaras, es “estar bien” ahora y también en el futuro. Finalmente, las actitudes de protesta de los aimaras se dirigen ante las injusticias sociales-económicas y cognitivas; y, al reconocimiento como nación y restitución de sus derechos y territorios, fundamentalmente.</p><p> ABTRACT</p><p>The study is an approach to the epistemological and ontological understanding aimara from expressions of thought and attitudes of the aimara people settled in the southern region of Puno-Perú, which in 2011 staged large social and political movements with global resonance, as opposed to concessions and mining activities in their territories. The results demonstrate the great cognitive polarity between rationality and the official aimara-dominant and that mining for aimara, it is worse than death itself. The aimara is not a savage who opposes progress and the common good, but for him, the well-being of being (fully enjoy) expressed immeasurable harmony between man-universe (interdependent relationship between subject and object), it is essential to live as human beings. Welfare is not achieved by sacrificing the present, because the concept of life is not linear and progressive, it is logical for the aimara, is "being good" now and in the future. Finally, attitudes of protest are directed to the aimara-economic and cognitive social injustices; and recognition as a nation and restoration of their rights and territories, mainly.</p><p> </p>
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH Fe(III) DARI INDUSTRI PENGETSAAN SEBAGAI BAHAN PENAMBAH KUALITAS SINTESIS GENTENG KERAMIK
Authors: Delsy Eva Vaulina Yulistia , Kartika Dwi , Aziza Wilma 
Published: April 2016

Limbah dihasilkan dari berbagai macam kegiatan manusia, di antaranya dari bidang industri. Salah satu Industri yang menghasilkan limbah adalah industri pengetsaan yang bergerak di bidang cetak relief seperti industri percetakan, industri pengrajin logam, dan industri pengrajin lencana. Limbah yang dihasilkan mengandung senyawaan anorganik dan asam-asam kuat seperti H2SiF6, HNO3, dan FeCl3. Senyawa anorganik banyak berperan dalam industri genteng keramik terutama dalam hal kualitas genteng. (Darmono, 2009). Limbah FeCl3 yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan pengetsaan digunakan pada penelitian ini sebagai bahan penambah kualitas pembuatan genteng keramik dari tanah lempung Desa Kalijaran, Purbalingga. Limbah dikontakkan dengan tanah yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan genteng, divariasikan menjadi limbah yang tidak diencerkan dan limbah yang diencerkan. Lempung dibuat variasi ukuran butir 60, 80, 100, 140, dan 230 mesh, sedangkan variasi waktu yang dilakukan adalah 30-100 menit agar diketahui ukuran partikel dan waktu optimum ketika terjadi penyerapan maksimal logam Fe (III). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran partikel dan waktu optimum untuk pengontakan lempung dengan kedua variasi limbah yaitu pada ukuran partikel 80 mesh dengan waktu 70 menit. Uji sifat fisik pada genteng-Fe memenuhi semua standar SNI dan diketahui genteng dengan kualitas terbaik yaitu menggunakan lempung yang telah dikontakkan dengan limbah yang dibuat 1000 kali pengenceran. Uji pelucutan Fe(III) pada badan genteng oleh air hujan dan air laut menunjukkan bahwa laju rata-rata pelucutan badan genteng yang direndam dengan limbah yang diencerkan sebesar 68 ppb/ hari dan 55 ppb/hari sedangkan untuk badan genteng yang direndam dengan limbah yang tidak diencerkan sebesar 72,2 ppb/ hari dan 56 ppb/hari
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI PIGMEN WARNA HITAM, MERAH DAN KUNING BERBAHAN DASAR PASIR BESI
Authors: Bilalodin Bilalodin , Irayani Zarah , Sehah Sehah , Sugito Sugito 
Published: April 2016

Sintesis dan karateristik pigmen warna hitam, merah dan kuning berbahan dasar pasir besi telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah sintesis dan karakterisasi pigmen menggunakan bahan baku pasir besi menggunakan metode kalsinasi. Pembuatan pigmen warna hitam dilakukan dengan mencampurkan pasir besi dengan larutan NaOH dan NH4OH lalu dipanaskan pada suhu 800 °C. Pigmen merah dibuat dengan melarutkan pasir besi dalam larutan H2SO4 dan dipanaskan pada suhu 650 °C. Sedangkan pigmen kuning dibuat dari serbuk pigmen merah lalu dilarutkan ke dalam larutan HCl serta dipanaskan pada suhu 250 °C. Serbuk pigmen dikarakterisasi mengunakan XRD, SEM-EDX dan PSA dan Crommameter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk pigmen warna hitam, merah dan kuning memiliki struktur kristal kubik dengan bentuk morfologi permukaan dan ukuran butir sebagai berikut: pada pigmen hitam partikel berbentuk butiran bulat seragam dengan ukuran butir 926,4 nanometer, pigmen merah memiliki bentuk butiran bulat seragam dengan ukuran butir 72,2 nm dan pigmen warna kuning memiliki bentuk butiran bulat seragam dengan ukuran 349 nm. Kandungan utama unsur pigmen hitam, merah dan kuning adalah besi (Fe) dan oksigen (O). Serbuk pigmen warna hasil uji colorimetri coordinat L*a*b* yaitu pada pigmen warna hitam nilai L*a*b* dan DE adalah 23,76; 1,35; 1,43 dan 2,34, pigmen merah 43,23; 16,00; 17,30 dan 9,89, dan pigmen warna kuning 66,76; 14,84; 49,95 dan 4,862. Pigmen warna yang dihasilkan telah sesuai dengan standar.
POTENSI BIOAKTIF EKSTRAK ALGA MERAH (Gracillaria verrucosa) TERHADAP KADAR MALONDIALDEHIDA (MDA) DAN GAMBARAN HISTOLOGI PARU TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus novergicus) PASCA INDUKSI FORMALIN
Authors: Tanduwinata Anggun , Istiqomah Helmi Auliyah , Jamilah Jamilah , Caesaria Ni Luh Kemmy , Saputra Rizki Rahmat , Aulanni'am Aulanni'am 
Published: April 2016

Indonesia merupakan negara megabiodiversitas yang banyak mengandung kekayaan alam, salah satunya alga merah. Alga merah (Glacillaria verrucosa) mengandung senyawa fikosianin, fikoeretin dan karotenoid yang berperan sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi bioaktif ekstrak alga merahuntuk terapi hewan coba tikus putih (Rattus novergicus) berdasarkan kadar malondialdehida (MDA) dan gambaran histologi paru. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi ekstraksi alga merah dan karakterisasi, induksi hewan coba (R. novergicus) dengan formalin, kemudian terapi ekstrak alga merah dengan variasi dosis. Berdasarkan uji fitokimia, analisis dengan FTIR dan LCMS, ekstrak alga merah mengandung senyawa flavonoid, terpenoid, alkaloid, β-karoten , β-apo-8’-carotenal dan α-tokoferolyang berperan sebagai antioksidan. Formalin dapat meningkatkan kadar MDA serta menyebabkan kerusakan sel epitel bronkus dibandingkan dengan keadaan normal. Pemberian terapi dengan dosis yang sesuai akan menurunkan kadar MDA dan memperbaiki keadaan sel epitel bronkus. Berdasarkan pengamatan parameter penelitan, diketahui bahwa dosis optimum yang sesuai untuk terapi kanker paru adalah 100 mg/kg BB
Classification of Vineyard Soils Using Portable and Benchtop Near‐Infrared Spectrometers: A Comparative Study
Authors: Lopo Miguel , Páscoa Ricardo N.M.J. , Graça António R. , Lopes João A. 
Published: April 2016

Core Ideas
Vineyard soils were classified using near‐infrared spectroscopy.
NIRS can be a valuable tool in vineyard management both in situ and in the laboratory.
Its application extends to other types of agricultural fields.
Soils characterization is often accomplished by means of extensive field observations followed by laboratory analysis, which is extremely time consuming and can be prohibitively expensive. Trying to address this issue, there is growing interest in using near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a rapid and cost‐effective tool for the prediction of a soil's physical, biological, and chemical properties. This method is nondestructive and provides spectra highly characteristic of soil properties and composition, enabling the analysis of many soil properties with a single measurement. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of in situ measurements between a dispersive NIR (portable) spectrometer with a benchtop Fourier‐transform NIR instrument (laboratory), thus investigating the potential of NIRS as a rapid and low‐cost technique to map vineyard soils both in the field and in the laboratory. Soil samples collected from different areas of a vineyard in the center of Portugal with fully characterized soils were analyzed by NIRS, and the spectra were modeled by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Both instruments proved to be able to differentiate the analyzed soil types. When samples were collected from nearby locations (e.g., within the same vineyard block), 75 to 100% successful soil identification rates were achieved depending on the soil type. Lower prediction percentages (around 70–75%) were obtained when soils from the entire vineyard were analyzed simultaneously. Results obtained with the portable instrument were, to some degree unexpectedly, equivalent to those obtained with the laboratory instrument.
The Lived Experiences of Children in Care with the Going Home Process in a Chinese Context: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Wong Mooly M. 
Published: April 2016

Aim:This study revealed, through their narrations, the changes in the lived experiences of children who resided in residential childcare services regarding the going home process in a Chinese context.Methods:The research design is that of a panel study of a qualitative nature. Eight children, aged from 9 to 18, were interviewed at three different points during the process of going home. The data were collected through in-depth interviews, supplemented by the use of reflective photography. Data were analyzed by three narrative approaches - macrostructure, plot development and theme.Results:The findings indicated that the children’s lived experience with the going home process was a path of stabilization, which meant that their sense of control over their lives was increasing from the first to the second to the third wave of data collection. The children’s stories were progressive, with their narrations characterized by advancement. Three themes, namely “uncertainty”, “restoration” and “challenge”, emerged at three points in time, with distinctive concerns and feelings occurring in each stage.Conclusion:Their experiences reflected the dominant discourses on children, particularly on disadvantaged children such as children in care. These children are constructed by Chinese society as innocent, lacking knowledge and powerless culturally and socially. Alternative discourses on children as knowledgeable, resourceful and active agents were identified in this study, which shed light on child welfare policy and practice.
de Morton Mobility Index Is Feasible, Reliable, and Valid in Patients With Critical Illness
Authors: Sommers Juultje , Vredeveld Tom , Lindeboom Robert , Nollet Frans , Engelbert Raoul H.H. , van der Schaaf Marike 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care unit (ICU) stays often lead to reduced physical functioning. Change in physical functioning in patients in the ICU is inadequately assessed through available instruments. The de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI), developed to assess mobility in elderly hospitalized patients, is promising for use in patients who are critically ill.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinimetric properties of the DEMMI for patients in the ICU.DesignA prospective, observational reliability and validity study was conducted.MethodsTo evaluate interrater and intrarater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients), patients admitted to the ICU were assessed with the DEMMI during and after ICU stay. Validity was evaluated by correlating the DEMMI with the Barthel Index (BI), the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL), and manual muscle testing (MMT). Feasibility was evaluated based on the percentage of participants in which the DEMMI could be assessed, the floor and ceiling effects, and the number of adverse events.ResultsOne hundred fifteen participants were included (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II] mean score=15.2 and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] mean score=7). Interrater reliability was .93 in the ICU and .97 on the wards, whereas intrarater reliability during the ICU stay was .68. Validity (Spearman rho coefficient) during the ICU stay was .56, −.45, and .57 for the BI, Katz ADL, and MMT, respectively. The DEMMI showed low floor and ceiling effects (2.6%) during and after ICU discharge. There were no major adverse events.LimitationsRapid changes in participants' health status may have led to underestimation of intrarater reliability.ConclusionThe DEMMI was found to be clinically feasible, reliable, and valid for measuring mobility in an ICU population. Therefore, the DEMMI should be considered a preferred instrument for measuring mobility in patients during and after their ICU stay.
Distortion Control through Synchronized Vacuum Heat Treatment
Authors: Heuer V. , Leist T. , Schmitt G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractControlling distortion is of key importance during the case hardening process for the production of automotive and non-automotive metallic components. By effective control of distortion and the variation of distortion, significant costs in post heat treatment machining processes can be avoided. In some cases it is even possible to eliminate all post-machining. In other cases it may be possible to avoid the press-quenching of individual components, resulting in huge cost-benefits. A recently introduced new vacuum furnace design allows the treatment of small batches in a single layer of parts (“2D-treatment”) which allows for easy automated loading and unloading of the fixture-trays. By using the small batch concept, a continuous flow of parts can be established (“One Piece Flow”). There is no need to wait until enough parts are collected to build a large batch with multiple layers (“3D-batch”). This compact furnace unit can be implemented into the heart of the production chain and provides heat-treatment processes which can be fully synchronized with the green and hard machining-operations. When performing case hardening, the components are Low Pressure Carburized (LPC) at high temperatures (1050 °C) followed by gas quenching. The treatment in single layers offers an optimum in quality regarding: temperature homogeneity, quench homogeneity and distortion control. Typical components for this technology come from the automotive, aerospace and tool industry. The directly following contribution in this Journal (A. Schüler et al., p. 90–98)shows more results achieved with this technology on selected truck-components such as gears and sliding-sleeves.
Neurosurgery and human immunodeficiency virus in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: a review
Authors: Henderson Duncan , Sims-Williams Hugh P. , Wilhelm Thomas , Sims-Williams Helen , Bhagani Sanjay , Thorne Lewis 
Published: April 2016

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global health problem. It renders the central nervous system susceptible to infectious and noninfectious diseases. HIV-positive individuals may present to neurosurgical services with brain lesions of unknown etiology. The differential diagnosis in these cases is broad, including opportunistic infections and malignancies, and investigation should be tailored accordingly. Opportunistic infections of the central nervous system can be complicated by hydrocephalus, and the management is pathogen dependent. Patients may also present to a neurosurgical service with conditions unrelated to their HIV status.
This review outlines important conditions that cause brain lesions and hydrocephalus. It addresses the issues of diagnosis and intervention in HIV-positive patients in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy, while not ignoring the potential for opportunistic central nervous system infection in undiagnosed patients.
The care of HIV-positive patients presenting to neurosurgical services requires a multidisciplinary approach, which is reflected in the authorship of this review, as well as in the guidance given.