bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The protective effectiveness of control interventions for malaria prevention: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Kesteman Thomas , Randrianarivelojosia Milijaona , Rogier Christophe 
Published: November 2017

Background: Thanks to a considerable increase in funding, malaria control interventions (MCI) whose efficacy had been demonstrated by controlled trials have been largely scaled up during the last decade. Nevertheless, it was not systematically investigated whether this efficacy had been preserved once deployed on the field. Therefore, we sought the literature to assess the disparities between efficacy and effectiveness and the effort to measure the protective effectiveness (PE) of MCI.Methods: The PubMed database was searched for references with keywords related to malaria, to control interventions for prevention and to study designs that allow for the measure of the PE against parasitemia or against clinical outcomes.Results: Our search retrieved 1423 references, and 162 articles were included in the review. Publications were scarce before the year 2000 but dramatically increased afterwards. Bed nets was the MCI most studied (82.1%). The study design most used was a cross-sectional study (65.4%). Two thirds (67.3%) were conducted at the district level or below, and the majority (56.8%) included only children even if the MCI didn’t target only children. Not all studies demonstrated a significant PE from exposure to MCI: 60.6% of studies evaluating bed nets, 50.0% of those evaluating indoor residual spraying, and 4/8 showed an added PE of using both interventions as compared with one only; this proportion was 62.5% for intermittent preventive treatment of pregnant women, and 20.0% for domestic use of insecticides.Conclusions: This review identified numerous local findings of low, non-significant PE –or even the absence of a protective effect provided by these MCIs. The identification of such failures in the effectiveness of MCIs advocates for the investigation of the causes of the problem found. Ideal evaluations of the PE of MCIs should incorporate both a large representativeness and an evaluation of the PE stratified by subpopulations.
Low Health Literacy Is Associated with Increased Transitional Care Needs in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Boyle Joseph , Speroff Theodore , Worley Katherine , Cao Aize , Goggins Kathryn , Dittus Robert S. , Kripalani Sunil 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDIn discharge planning, a patient needs assessment helps to identify risk factors that should be addressed to promote a safe and effective transition in care. Low health literacy is associated with worse postdischarge outcomes, but little research has examined its relation to other addressable risk factors.OBJECTIVETo examine the association of health literacy with the number and type of transitional care needs (TCN) among patients being discharged to home.DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTSA cross‐sectional analysis of patients admitted to an academic medical center.MEASUREMENTSNurses administered the Brief Health Literacy Screen and documented TCNs along 10 domains: caregiver support, transportation, healthcare utilization, high‐risk medical comorbidities, medication management, medical devices, functional status, mental health comorbidities, communication, and financial resources.RESULTSAmong the 384 patients analyzed, 113 (29%) had inadequate health literacy. Patients with inadequate health literacy had needs in more TCN domains (mean = 5.29 vs 4.36; P < 0.001). In unadjusted analysis, patients with inadequate health literacy were significantly more likely to have TCNs in 7 out of the 10 domains. In multivariate analyses, inadequate health literacy remained significantly associated with inadequate caregiver support (odds ratio [OR], 2.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37‐4.99) and transportation barriers (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.04‐2.76).CONCLUSIONSAmong hospitalized patients, inadequate health literacy is prevalent and independently associated with other needs that place patients at a higher risk of adverse outcomes, such as hospital readmission. Screening for inadequate health literacy and associated needs may enable hospitals to address these barriers and improve postdischarge outcomes.
Treatment Trends and Outcomes in Healthcare‐Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Haessler Sarah , Lagu Tara , Lindenauer Peter K. , Skiest Daniel J. , Priya Aruna , Pekow Penelope S. , Zilberberg Marya D. , Higgins Thomas L. , Rothberg Michael B. 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDThe American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for management of healthcare‐associated pneumonia (HCAP), first published in 2005, have been controversial regarding the selection of empiric broad‐spectrum antibiotics, whether the criteria for HCAP predicts the likelihood of infection with multidrug resistant organisms, and whether HCAP patients have improved outcomes when treated with empiric broad‐spectrum antibiotics.METHODSA retrospective cohort study at 488 US hospitals from July 2007 to November 2011. Patients who met criteria for HCAP were included. Guideline‐concordant antibiotics were assessed based on guideline recommendations. We assessed changes in hospital rates of concordant antibiotic use over time and their correlation with outcomes.RESULTSAmong 149,963 patients with HCAP, 19.6% received fully guideline‐concordant antibiotics, 21.7% received partially concordant antibiotics, and 58.9% received discordant antibiotics. Guideline concordance increased over time. Rates of fully or partially concordant antibiotics varied across hospitals (median 36.4%; interquartile range 25.8%‐49.1%). Among patients who received discordant antibiotics, 81.5% were treated according to community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) guidelines. On average, the rate of guideline concordance increased by 2.2% per 6‐month interval, while hospital level rates of mortality, excess length of stay, and progression to respiratory failure did not change.CONCLUSIONSIn this large, nationally representative cohort, only 1 in 5 patients with risk factors for HCAP received treatment that was fully in accordance with guidelines, and many received CAP therapy instead. At the hospital level, increases in the use of concordant antibiotics were not associated with declines in mortality, excess length of stay, or progression to respiratory failure.
FiberSCIP—A Shared Memory Parallelization of SCIP
Authors: Shinano Yuji , Heinz Stefan , Vigerske Stefan , Winkler Michael 
Published: November 2017

Recently, parallel computing environments have become significantly popular. In order to obtain the benefit of using parallel computing environments, we have to deploy our programs for these effectively. This paper focuses on a parallelization of SCIP (Solving Constraint Integer Programs), which is a mixed-integer linear programming solver and constraint integer programming framework available in source code. There is a parallel extension of SCIP named ParaSCIP, which parallelizes SCIP on massively parallel distributed memory computing environments. This paper describes FiberSCIP, which is yet another parallel extension of SCIP to utilize multi-threaded parallel computation on shared memory computing environments, and has the following contributions: First, we present the basic concept of having two parallel extensions, and the relationship between them and the parallelization framework provided by UG (Ubiquity Generator), including an implementation of deterministic parallelization. Second, we discuss the difficulties in achieving a good performance that utilizes all resources on an actual computing environment, and the difficulties of performance evaluation of the parallel solvers. Third, we present a way to evaluate the performance of new algorithms and parameter settings of the parallel extensions. Finally, we demonstrate the current performance of FiberSCIP for solving mixed-integer linear programs (MIPs) and mixed-integer nonlinear programs (MINLPs) in parallel. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0762 .
Emergency Train Scheduling on Chinese High-Speed Railways
Authors: Zheng Yu-Jun 
Published: November 2017

China has recently developed a large-scale high-speed railway (HSR) network that not only revolutionizes the perception of long-haul transport but also fundamentally improves the emergency response capability of the country. This gives rise to a problem of scheduling a set of emergency trains within the predefined HSR timetable. According to different degrees of disturbance of the timetable, this paper identifies three kinds of solutions, named, ideal, quasi-ideal, and feasible solutions, to the problem. We define a “headroom” function for computing the maximum number of emergency trains that can be inserted between two adjacent regular trains without any disturbance, from which a linear algorithm for finding ideal solutions is derived. By identifying the scope of changes to each regular train, quasi-ideal and feasible solutions can be found based on the ideal solutions on a set of alternative timetables. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our method is very efficient for supporting near-immediate emergency responses. We have used the solution method to evaluate the emergency capacity of most HSR lines in China. In particular, we successfully applied the method to schedule emergency trains in the rescue operation of the 2015 Tianjin chemical explosion. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0794 .
KARAKTERISTIK SENSOR KAPASITIF PELAT SEJAJAR DALAM APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PENGUKUR CURAH HUJAN BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO
Authors: Cahyono Bowo Eko , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Rofiq M. Ainur 
Published: November 2017

<p class="Textbody">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik dari kapasitor pelat sejajar sebagai sensor dalam alat ukur curah hujan berbasis Arduino dengan tampilan LCD. Alat ini mampu membaca dan menampilan tegangan keluaran, nilai kapasitansi, konstanta dielektrik dan tinggi level curah hujan akibat adanya perubahan komposisi bahan dielektrik di antara pelat kapasitor. Sistem yang didesain telah diuji dalam 3 tahapan yaitu, uji akurasi pembacaan nilai kapasitansi, nilai ketinggian air, dan pengujian di lapangan. Nilai-nilai kapasitansi sensor yang ditampilkan dalam LCD dibandingkan dengan nilai kapasitansi sensor yang diukur dengan menggunkan kapasitansi meter CM-3300A. Dalam pengujian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa nilai-nilai kapasitansi yang diukur dengan dua etode yang berbeda tersebut saling berdekatan. Selisih tertinggi adalah 20,97pF pada ketinggian 15cm. Tinggi level air yang terbaca dibandingkan dengan pembacaan menggunakan penggaris dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa selisih terkecil yaitu 0,19 mm dan selisih terbesar 4,93 mm. Selanjutnya berdasarkan pengujian langsung di lapangan didapatkan selisih yang tidak terlalu jauh, dengan rata-rata selisih yang diperoleh kurang dari 5 mm. Secara umum, sistem alat ukur curah hujan telah menunjukkan kinerja yang bagus saat dilakukan pengujian dan diaplikasikan pada kondisi hujan secara langsung di lapangan. Hasil tersebut telah menunjukkan bahwa sistem alat ukur curh hujan telah sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan.</p>
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI NaOH DAN WAKTU PENAHANAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK ZEOLIT YANG DISINTESIS DARI LIMBAH GEOTHERMAL
Authors: Sulardjaka Sulardjaka , Fitriana Deni Fajar 
Published: November 2017

Abstract THE EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION OF NaOH AND HOLDING TIME ON CHARACTERISTIC OF ZEOLIT SINTHESIZED FROM GEOTHERMAL WASTE. Objective of this research is to investigate the effect of concentration of NaOH and holding time on the characteristic of synthesized zeolite from geothermal waste. Geothermal waste was used as silica source and hydrothermally processed for zeolite synthesized. Variation concentration of NaOH was 1.67, 3, and 5 M and variation of holding time are 1, 3, and 5 hours. Synthesized products were characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM photomicrograph. It can be concluded that the rise of concentration of NaOH reduce the cristalization time and crystal size. Increasing of concentration of NaOH and holding time produce divers zeolite structure. At holding time 5 h and NaOH 1.67 M produces zeolite A. At holding time 5 h and NaOH concentration 3 M produce zeolite P. Sodalite is produced at concentration NaOH 5 M with holding time 5 h. Keywords: hydrothermal; geothermal waste; zeolite Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh konsntrasi NaOH dan waktu penahanan terhadap karakteristik zeolit yang disintesis dari limbah geothermal. Limbah geothermal dipilih sebagai bahan silika pada sintesis zeolit dengan metode hidrothermal. Penelitian dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi NaOH: 1,67, 3, dan 5 M, dan variasi waktu penahanan 1, 3 dan 5 jam. Produk hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan XRD, FTIR dan foto SEM. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tinggi konsentrasi NaOH kristalisasi zeolit A semakin cepat, sehingga ukuran kristal semakin kecil. Konsentrasi NaOH yang semakin tinggi dan waktu penahanan yang semakin lama, menghasilkan jenis struktur zeolit yang lebih beragam. Pada waktu penahanan 5 jam, variasi konsentrasi NaOH 1,67 M menghasilkan zeolit A, variasi konsentrasi NaOH 3M menghasilkan zeolit P (NaP1) dan pada variasi konsentrasi NaOH 5M menghasilkan sodalit. Kata kunci: hydrothermal; limbah geothermal; zeolit
KARAKTERISTIK FISIS ALUMINOSILIKAT GEOPOLIMER BERBASIS SILIKA SEKAM PADI UNTUK APLIKASI FAST IONIC CONDUCTOR
Authors: Riyanto Agus , Sembiring Simon , Junaidi Junaidi 
Published: November 2017

The study aims to investigate the effect of calcination temperatures on the phase formation and electrical properties of aluminosilicate geopolymer prepared from rice husk silica and sodium aluminate. The samples were calcined at temperature from 150 oC to 550 oC, the development of structures was characterized using x-ray difraction (XRD) and the electrical properties were measured by LCR meter. The result obtained indicated the significant role of calcining temperature on phase transformation of boehmite and quartz into aluminosilicate geopolymer, in which at calcining temperatures from 450 oC to 550 oC, and the samples were dominated by semicrystal to amorphous phase which indicated that the aluminosilicate geoplymer has been formed. The presence of aluminosilicate geopolymer resulted in increased ionic electrical conductivity and dielectric loss factor as well as decrease dielectric constant. Ionic electrical conductivity of the calcined sample at 450 oC is 4,49.10-5 S/cm at frequancy of 5.106 Hz, and XRD analysis demostrated that the main structure is phase of semicrystal aluminosilicate geopolymer. Based on these character, the sample was considered is very suitable used to the fast ionic conductor materials.Studi ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi efek suhu kalsinasi pada formasi fasa dan sifat listrik aluminosilikat geopolimer yang dipreparasi dari silika sekam padi dan sodium aluminat. Sampel dikalsinasi pada suhu 150 oC – 550 oC, perubahan struktur dikarakterisasi menggunakan x-ray difraction (XRD) dan sifat listrik diukur menggunakan LCR meter. Hasil yang diperoleh mengindikasikan pengaruh yang signifikan suhu kalsinasi pada transformasi boehmite dan quartz menjadi aluminosilikat geopolimer, dimana pada suhu kalsinasi 450 oC – 550 oC didominasi oleh fasa semikristal hingga amorf yang mencirikan terbetuknya aluminosilikat geopolimer. Terbentuknya struktur aluminosilikat geopolimer diikuti dengan peningkatan konduktivitas listrik ionik, penurunan konstanta dielektrik, serta peningkatan faktor rugi dielektrik. Nilai konduktivitas listrik ionik sampel kalsinasi 450 oC ialah 4,49.10-5 S/cm pada frekuensi 5.106 Hz, dan analisis XRD menunjukkan struktur utamanya berupa fasa semikristal aluminosilikat geopolimer. Berdasarkan karakteristik tersebut, sampel yang ditinjau merupakan material dengan konduktivitas ionik yang tinggi sehingga sampel tersebut sangat potensial untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai fast ionic conductor.
A Statistically-Oriented Asymmetric Localization (SOAL) Model for Neuronal Outgrowth Patterning by Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-5 (UNC5) and UNC-40 (DCC) Netrin Receptors
Authors: Limerick Gerard , Tang Xia , Lee Won Suk , Mohamed Ahmed , Al-Aamiri Aseel , Wadsworth William G 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Neurons extend processes that vary in number, length, and direction of “outgrowth”. Extracellular cues help determine outgrowth patterns. In Caenorhabditis elegans, neurons respond to the extracellular UNC-6 (netrin) cue via UNC-40 (DCC) and UNC-5 (UNC5) receptors. Previously, we presented evidence that UNC-40 asymmetric localization at the plasma membrane is self-organizing, and that UNC-40 can localize and mediate outgrowth at randomly selected sites. Here, we provide further evidence for a statistically-oriented asymmetric localization (SOAL) model in which UNC-5 receptor activity affects patterns of axon outgrowth by regulating UNC-40 asymmetric localization. According to the SOAL model, the direction of outgrowth activity fluctuates across the membrane over time. Random walk modeling predicts that increasing the degree to which the direction of outgrowth fluctuates will decrease the outward displacement of the membrane. By differentially affecting the degree to which the direction of outgrowth activity fluctuates over time, extracellular cues can produce different rates of outgrowth along the surface and create patterns of “extension”. Consistent with the SOAL model, we show that unc-5 mutations alter UNC-40 asymmetric localization, increase the degree to which the direction of outgrowth fluctuates, and reduce the extent of outgrowth in multiple directions relative to the source of UNC-6. These results are inconsistent with current models, which predict that UNC-5 mediates a “repulsive” response to UNC-6. Genetic interactions suggest that UNC-5 acts through the UNC-53 (NAV2) cytoplasmic protein to regulate UNC-40 asymmetric localization in response to both the UNC-6 and EGL-20 (Wnt) extracellular cues.
Caracterização química da silagem de rama de cultivares de mandioca com ou sem pré-secagem
Authors: Fluck A. C. , Parzianello R. R. , Maeda E. M. , Piran Filho F. A. , Costa O. A. D. , Simionatto M. 
Published: November 2017

O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade de conservação e nutricional da silagem de rama de mandioca das cultivares Pão e IAC 7650 e a influência da pré-secagem. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: SPSD - silagem de rama de mandioca cv. Pão; SPD - silagem de rama de mandioca cv. Pão desidratada; SISD - silagem de rama de mandioca cv. IAC 7650 e SID - silagem de rama de mandioca cv. IAC 7650 desidratada. O delineamento foi interamente casualisado, com ou sem desidratação e quatro repetições. Na avaliação da conservação da silagem foi avaliado o pH e
capacidade tampão, e na determinação da qualidade nutricional foram estimados os teores de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, matéria mineral, proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). Ambas as cultivares apresentaram características para a utilização da rama como silagem após a secagem prévia. Na avaliação da rama de mandioca, os maiores teores de matéria parcialmente seca (MPS) e matéria seca total (MST) foram encontrados
para a cultivar IAC 7650, após o tempo de secagem, e não foi observada diferença significativa (P
Incidencia de los Derechos Humanos a partir de los informes de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (C.I.D.H.) para las operaciones militares en Colombia, 2008 – 2010
Authors: Lozano Rojas Carlos Alberto 
Published: November 2017

En este artículo de reflexión sobre operaciones militares y Derechos Humanos, que tiene como referencia las recomendaciones de la Comisión (en adelante Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos o C.I.D.H.) de los años 2008 a 2010, se hace un análisis de la incidencia que tienen los Derechos Humanos sobre las operaciones militares. Las recomendaciones de la Comisión hechas a Colombia y que provienen de un organismo protector de Derechos Humanos, a través de un informe objetivo, surgen de situaciones coyunturales, donde se presume la posible vulneración de derechos fundamentales por parte de agentes estatales en contra de la población civil, y que han sido denunciados ante la misma Comisión. Hay que mencionar, además, que a pesar de que las recomendaciones no son de obligatorio cumplimiento para el Estado colombiano, se han tomado medidas legales y políticas para implementar al interior de las instituciones estatales. También cabe señalar que las recomendaciones de estos años, refieren a los métodos empleados por las Fuerzas Militares en el desarrollo de las operaciones militares, los cuales generan una vulneración de los derechos fundamentales de las personas protegidas por el Derecho Internacional Humanitario, como lo son las personas que han dejado sus armas y se han reintegrado a la sociedad, niños, niñas, adolescentes y la población civil. En conclusión a lo anterior, se deriva que del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones se genera una acción positiva para el Estado, como es evitar que un caso pueda pasar de la Comisión (C.I.D.H.) a la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (Co.I.D.H), la cual genera una responsabilidad internacional para Colombia como Estado infractor; la legitimidad institucional de las Fuerzas Militares; generar conciencia a la institución militar en el cumplimiento de los objetivos estratégicos del Estado y de su misión constitucional a pesar de afrontar una situación excepcional, como es un conflicto armado no internacional, siempre teniendo presente el respeto, protección y garantía de los Derechos Humanos.
Exploring the Giving Practices in American Mosques: Why Do Muslims Give So Little to Their Mosques?
Authors: Bagby Ihsan 
Published: November 2017

<p>This paper explores the giving practices of Muslims in American mosques, based on two studies: the previously published “The American Mosque 2011” study which consisted of 524 interviews of mosque leaders; and the second study is the previously unpublished 2013 study of three mosques and the 2016 follow-up interviews with donors from the three mosques. The results show that mosque attendees give much less than their counterparts in churches. Giving rates were generated in three different way: dividing a congregation’s income by the number of people who attend the main congregational service; using self-reports of money donated to a congregation; and determining a giving rate by calculating the amount donated as a percentage of the donor’s income. Using the first method of looking at the budget and number of attendees, mosque attendees give a median figure of $405 per year and the median figure of giving in the FACT 2000 study of all religious congregations is $1429. Using the second method of looking to self-reports of giving, the highest giving rate of the three mosques is $671 and the lowest giving rate in Hoge’s study of giving (<em>Money Matters</em>) is the Catholics who reported giving $1032 per year. Using the third method, Christians give an average of 2.3% of their income to churches, while mosque attendees give 0.7% of their income. While the income level of mosque attendees is associated with higher levels of giving, higher rates of mosque attendance is not associated with higher rates of giving, which means that Muslims who are motivated to attend the mosque are not motivated to give. Interviews with donors in the three mosques seem to indicate that the one of the underlying factors for the low rate of giving is that they do not have a clear theology for giving to the mosque, and a culture of giving to mosques does not exist among immigrant Muslims.</p>