bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenous paraoxonase‐1 during oocyte maturation improves bovine embryo development in vitro
Authors: Rincón JAA , Madeira EM , Campos FT , Mion B , Silva JF , Absalón‐Medina VA , Butler WR , Corrêa MN , Pegoraro LMC , Schneider A 
Published: July 2016

ContentsParaoxonase‐1 (PON1) is an enzyme found in serum and follicular fluid that protects cell membrane and circulating lipids against oxidative damage. The aims of this study were to measure the direct effects of recombinant PON1 (rPON1) on bovine oocyte maturation at the molecular level (gene expression) and to measure the carry‐over effects of PON1 on pre‐implantation embryo development in vitro. COCs were submitted to IVM with the addition of 0.0, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08 mg ml−1 of rPON1, corresponding to an average PON1 arylesterase enzyme activity of 2.2 ± 0.4, 15.5 ± 1.5, 30.2 ± 3.0 and 57.9 ± 5.0 U ml−1, respectively. The results indicated that addition of rPON1 during IVM improved embryo development in a dose‐dependent manner as D7 embryo development was 22.2%, 29.4%, 32.2% and 37.0% for the treatment groups, respectively (p = 0.02). In conclusion, addition of PON1 enzyme during IVM exerted dose‐related positive effects on embryo development rates to blastocysts.
A Welfare State for Whom? A Group‐based Account of the Austrian Freedom Party's Social Policy Profile
Authors: Ennser‐Jedenastik Laurenz 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhat explains the social policy profile of populist radical right parties (PRRPs)? Building on the argument made by Mudde (2007) that socio‐economic policies are secondary elements within the populist radical right ideology, this paper conjectures that the primary elements of that ideology (nativism, authoritarianism, and populism) structure the PRRP's attitudes in the social policy domain. Based on a discussion of the PRRP's core ideology a number of expectations are derived as to which groups should be viewed as deserving or undeserving of support. These expectations are examined through an analysis of the social policies put forward in the election manifestos of the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ) between 1983 and 2013. The analysis confirms most of the expectations and highlights an important shift in the FPÖ's social policy agenda, from welfare populist arguments and some retrenchment proposals under Jörg Haider to strong welfare chauvinism after the leadership change in 2005.
Long‐term effects of organic manure and manufactured fertilizer additions on soil quality and sustainable productivity of finger millet under a finger millet–groundnut cropping system in southern India
Authors: Sathish A. , Ramachandrappa B. K. , Shankar M. A. , Srikanth Babu P. N. , Srinivasarao CH. , Sharma K. L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn a 20‐yr‐old long‐term experiment, the impact of continuous application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on soil quality and the sustainability of finger millet production was conducted on two cropping systems: finger millet and finger millet–groundnut on an Alfisol of semi‐arid southern India. The study was conducted from 1992 to 2011 at the All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture, UAS, Bangalore, using a randomized block design. The treatments comprised of T1: control [no fertilizer and no farmyard manure (FYM) applied], T2: FYM 10 t/ha, T3: FYM 10 t/ha + 50% of recommended NPK (50:50:25 kg/ha), T4: FYM 10 t/ha + 100% of recommended NPK and T5: 100% recommended NPK. Comparison of long‐term yield data between treatments was used to calculate a ‘sustainability yield index’ (SYI), which was greatest for T4 (FYM 10 t/ha + 100% of recommended NPK), in both rotational (0.68) and monocropping (0.63) situations. Soil quality indices were determined using principal component analysis linear scoring functions. The key indicators which contributed to the soil quality index (SQI) under rotation were organic C; potentially available N; extractable P, K and S; exchangeable Ca and Mg; dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass C and N. The largest SQI (7.29) was observed in T4 (FYM 10 t/ha + 100% NPK), and the smallest (3.70) SQI was for the control. Application of 10 t/ha FYM together with NPK (50:50:25 kg/ha) sustained a mean yield of 3884 kg/ha.
Hepatitis E viral loads in plasma pools for fractionation
Authors: Baylis Sally A. , Corman Victor M. , Ong Edgar , Linnen Jeffrey M. , Nübling C. Micha , Blümel Johannes 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDIt is now recognized that blood donors may be silently infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV) and that plasma pools used in the manufacture of plasma‐derived medicinal products may also contain detectable virus RNA. The occurrence of HEV‐infected blood and plasma donors can vary considerably depending on local epidemiology.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSManufacturing plasma pools from North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia were examined for the presence of HEV using transcription‐mediated amplification of HEV RNA; confirmatory testing was performed using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and sequencing.RESULTSA total of 484 pools were tested. Asian pools were most frequently positive for HEV RNA and had higher viral loads, although none exceeding 300 IU/mL, and the sequenced strains (n = 5) clustered with Genotype 4, including one significantly divergent sequence. Only HEV Genotype 3 was identified in North American (n = 5) and European (n = 5) pools. There was no evidence of HEV in any pools tested from the Middle East.CONCLUSIONSHEV was detected in manufacturing plasma pools from three different continents; viral loads were low—consistent with large pool sizes and moderate levels of HEV viremia at the individual donation level—but are nevertheless informative for risk assessment of plasma‐derived medicinal products. Where sequencing was possible, analysis confirmed the presence of viruses consistent with locally circulating genotypes in the respective regions. The absence of HEV in Middle Eastern pools is consistent with the low prevalence of HEV in this region, likely due to low pork consumption.
OPN‐a induces muscle inflammation by increasing recruitment and activation of pro‐inflammatory macrophages
Authors: Many Gina M. , Yokosaki Yasuyuki , Uaesoontrachoon Kitipong , Nghiem Peter P. , Bello Luca , Dadgar Sherry , Yin Ying , Damsker Jesse M. , Cohen Heather B. , Kornegay Joe N. , Bamman Marcas M. , Mosser David M. , Nagaraju Kanneboyina , Hoffman Eric P. 
Published: July 2016

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
What is the functional relevance of OPN isoform expression in muscle pathology?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The full‐length human OPN‐a isoform is the most pro‐inflammatory isoform in the muscle microenvironment, acting on macrophages and myoblasts in an RGD‐integrin‐dependent manner. OPN‐a upregulates expression of tenascin‐C (TNC), a known Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist. Blocking TLR4 signalling inhibits the pro‐inflammatory effects of OPN‐a, suggesting that a potential mechanism of OPN action is by promoting TNC–TLR4 signalling.

Although osteopontin (OPN) is an important mediator of muscle remodelling in health and disease, functional differences in human spliced OPN variants in the muscle microenvironment have not been characterized. We thus sought to define the pro‐inflammatory activities of human OPN isoforms (OPN‐a, OPN‐b and OPN‐c) on cells present in regenerating muscle. OPN transcripts were quantified in normal and dystrophic human and dog muscle. Human macrophages and myoblasts were stimulated with recombinant human OPN protein isoforms, and cytokine mRNA and protein induction was assayed. OPN isoforms were greatly increased in dystrophic human (OPN‐a > OPN‐b > OPN‐c) and dog muscle (OPN‐a = OPN‐c). In healthy human muscle, mechanical loading also upregulated OPN‐a expression (eightfold; P < 0.01), but did not significantly upregulate OPN‐c expression (twofold; P > 0.05). In vitro, OPN‐a displayed the most pronounced pro‐inflammatory activity among isoforms, acting on both macrophages and myoblasts. In vitro and in vivo data revealed that OPN‐a upregulated tenascin‐C (TNC), a known Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist. Inhibition of TLR4 signalling attenuated OPN‐mediated macrophage cytokine production. In summary, OPN‐a is the most abundant and functionally active human spliced isoform in the skeletal muscle microenvironment. Here, OPN‐a promotes pro‐inflammatory signalling in both macrophages and myoblasts, possibly through induction of TNC–TLR4 signalling. Together, our findings suggest that specific targeting of OPN‐a and/or TNC signalling in the damaged muscle microenvironment may be of therapeutic relevance.
Some Properties of a Class of RLCM Active Networks Over F(z)
Authors: Lu Kaisheng , Yuan Yupng , Yan Xinping , Ma Qiang 
Published: July 2016

In order to explore the properties depending only on structure such as structural controllability, the structured matrix (SM), and the rational function matrix (RFM) in multi-parameters (RFM) were used to describe the coefficient matrices of systems and networks. In this paper, Definitions 3.3 and 3.4 are given. On the basis of RLCM passive networks, some properties (separability, reducibility, and controllability) of a class of RLCM active networks over [Formula: see text] are studied. Some criteria are obtained. Since these criteria depend only on network structures, their applications are straightforward. Finally, two illustrative examples are given.
A Sage Story as Dramatized Biblical Exegesis
Authors: Kadari Adiel 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In the study of rabbinic legend there is a widely accepted generic distinction between those legends that expand on biblical stories (exegetical narratives) and those that feature the sages of the Mishnah and the Talmud (sage stories). This article questions the absolute nature of this generic distinction by examining the circumstances that shaped the development of a sage story that appears in the midrashic collection Leviticus Rabbah and its parallels. I seek to demonstrate that occasionally stories about the sages emerge from the exegesis of biblical verses. My article demonstrates how a verse from Psalms takes on the shape of a story, which serves to solve a linguistic problem in the verse. This example sheds new light on the relationship between exegetical narratives and sage stories, and suggests that we view them as part of the same broader creative intellectual context.
Evidence for SST-Forced Anomalous Winds Revealed from Simultaneous Radiosonde Launches from Three Ships across the Kuroshio Extension Front
Authors: Nishikawa Hatsumi , Tachibana Yoshihiro , Kawai Yoshimi , Yoshioka Mayumi K. , Nakamura Hisashi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSimultaneous launches of radiosondes were conducted from three research vessels aligned meridionally across a sea surface temperature (SST) front on the flank of the Kuroshio Extension. The soundings carried out every 2 h over 5 days in early July 2012 provided a unique opportunity in capturing unambiguous data on anomalous easterly winds derived from a pronounced meridional SST gradient. The data indicate that a meridional contrast in surface heat fluxes from the underlying ocean enhanced the air temperature anomaly across the SST front, which was observed from the surface up to 300-m altitude. Correspondingly, high and low pressure anomalies that reached 800-m altitude formed on the north and south sides of the SST front, respectively. These temperature and pressure anomalies were maintained even during the passage of synoptic-scale disturbances. Although the free-tropospheric winds are overall westerly, winds below the 1000-m level were easterly due to geostrophic anomalies driven by the northward pressure gradient near the surface. During periods of the northerlies at the surface, especially over the warmer side of the SST front, the wind direction changed in a clockwise direction from 1500 m to the surface, in the opposite sense to the Ekman spiral. The vertical wind shear is apparently in the thermal wind balance ascribed to the meridional contrast in air temperature derived from the SST anomaly.
The Use of the Deviation Angle Variance Technique on Geostationary Satellite Imagery to Estimate Tropical Cyclone Size Parameters
Authors: Dolling Klaus , Ritchie Elizabeth A. , Tyo J. Scott 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This study extends past research based on the deviation angle variance (DAV) technique that utilizes digital brightness temperatures from longwave infrared satellite images to objectively measure the symmetry of a tropical cyclone (TC). In previous work, the single-pixel DAV values were used as an objective estimator of storm intensity while maps of the DAV values indicated areas where tropical cyclogenesis was occurring. In this study the spatial information in the DAV maps is utilized along with information from the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere’s extended best-track archive and the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme model to create multiple linear regression models of wind radii parameters for TCs in the North Atlantic basin. These models are used to estimate both symmetric, and by quadrant, 34-, 50-, and 64-kt wind radii (where 1 kt = 0.51 m s−1 1) on a half-hourly time scale. The symmetric model assumes azimuthal symmetry and has mean absolute errors of 38.5, 23.2, and 13.5 km (20.8, 12.5, and 7.3 n mi) for the 34-, 50-, and 64-kt wind radii, respectively, which are lower than results for most other techniques except for those based on AMSU. The asymmetric model independently estimates radii in each quadrant and produces mean absolute errors for the wind radii that are generally highest in the northwest quadrant and lowest in the southwest quadrant similar to other techniques. However, as a percentage of the average wind radii from aircraft reconnaissance, all quadrants have similar errors.
Mitochondria, cholesterol and cancer cell metabolism
Authors: Ribas Vicent , García‐Ruiz Carmen , Fernández‐Checa José C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGiven the role of mitochondria in oxygen consumption, metabolism and cell death regulation, alterations in mitochondrial function or dysregulation of cell death pathways contribute to the genesis and progression of cancer. Cancer cells exhibit an array of metabolic transformations induced by mutations leading to gain‐of‐function of oncogenes and loss‐of‐function of tumor suppressor genes that include increased glucose consumption, reduced mitochondrial respiration, increased reactive oxygen species generation and cell death resistance, all of which ensure cancer progression. Cholesterol metabolism is disturbed in cancer cells and supports uncontrolled cell growth. In particular, the accumulation of cholesterol in mitochondria emerges as a molecular component that orchestrates some of these metabolic alterations in cancer cells by impairing mitochondrial function. As a consequence, mitochondrial cholesterol loading in cancer cells may contribute, in part, to the Warburg effect stimulating aerobic glycolysis to meet the energetic demand of proliferating cells, while protecting cancer cells against mitochondrial apoptosis due to changes in mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Further understanding the complexity in the metabolic alterations of cancer cells, mediated largely through alterations in mitochondrial function, may pave the way to identify more efficient strategies for cancer treatment involving the use of small molecules targeting mitochondria, cholesterol homeostasis/trafficking and specific metabolic pathways.
An example of extreme near-surface variability in shallow seismic reflection data
Authors: Sloan Steven D. , Tyler Schwenk J. , Stevens Robert H. 
Published: July 2016

Variability of material properties in the shallow subsurface presents challenges for near-surface geophysical methods and exploration-scale applications. As the depth of investigation decreases, denser sampling is required, especially of the near offsets, to accurately characterize the shallow subsurface. We have developed a field data example using high-resolution shallow seismic reflection data to demonstrate how quickly near-surface properties can change over short distances and the effects on field data and processed sections. The addition of a relatively thin, 20 cm thick, low-velocity layer can lead to masked reflections and an inability to map shallow reflectors. Short receiver intervals, on the order of 10 cm, were necessary to identify the cause of the diminished data quality and would have gone unknown using larger, more conventional station spacing. Combined analysis of first arrivals, surface waves, and reflections aided in determining the effects and extent of a low-velocity layer that inhibited the identification and constructive stacking of the reflection from a shallow water table using normal-moveout-based processing methods. Our results also highlight the benefits of using unprocessed gathers to pragmatically guide processing and interpretation of seismic data.
Phase IB Study of Selinexor, a First-in-Class Inhibitor of Nuclear Export, in Patients With Advanced Refractory Bone or Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Gounder Mrinal M. , Zer Alona , Tap William D. , Salah Samer , Dickson Mark A. , Gupta Abha A. , Keohan Mary Louise , Loong Herbert H. , D’Angelo Sandra P. , Baker Stephanie , Condy Mercedes , Nyquist-Schultz Kjirsten , Tanner Lanier , Erinjeri Joseph P. , Jasmine Francis H. , Friedlander Sharon , Carlson Robert , Unger Thaddeus J. , Saint-Martin Jean-Richard , Rashal Tami , Ellis Joel , Kauffman Michael , Shacham Sharon , Schwartz Gary K. , Abdul Razak Albiruni Ryan 
Published: July 2016

Purpose We evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PKs), pharmacodynamics, safety, and efficacy of selinexor, an oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export compound, in patients with advanced soft tissue or bone sarcoma with progressive disease. Patients and Methods Fifty-four patients were treated with oral selinexor twice per week (on days 1 and 3) at one of three doses (30 mg/m2, 50 mg/m2, or flat dose of 60 mg) either continuously or on a schedule of 3 weeks on, 1 week off. PK analysis was performed under fasting and fed states (low v high fat content) and using various formulations of selinexor (tablet, capsule, or suspension). Tumor biopsies before and during treatment were evaluated for pharmacodynamic changes. Results The most commonly reported drug-related adverse events (grade 1 or 2) were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and fatigue, which were well managed with supportive care. Commonly reported grade 3 or 4 toxicities were fatigue, thrombocytopenia, anemia, lymphopenia, and leukopenia. Selinexor was significantly better tolerated when administered as a flat dose on an intermittent schedule. PK analysis of selinexor revealed a clinically insignificant increase (approximately 15% to 20%) in drug exposure when taken with food. Immunohistochemical analysis of paired tumor biopsies revealed increased nuclear accumulation of tumor suppressor proteins, decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and stromal deposition. Of the 52 patients evaluable for response, none experienced an objective response by RECIST (version 1.1); however, 17 (33%) showed durable (≥ 4 months) stable disease, including seven (47%) of 15 evaluable patients with dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Conclusion Selinexor was well tolerated at a 60-mg flat dose on a 3-weeks-on, 1-week-off schedule. There was no clinically meaningful impact of food on PKs. Preliminary evidence of anticancer activity in sarcoma was demonstrated.
Occult Hydrocephalus in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Albright A Leland , Ferson Susan , Carlos Signe 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Many children with cerebral palsy have chronic ventriculomegaly as a consequence of perinatal intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia, without symptoms of hydrocephalus. Children with cerebral palsy who are treated with intrathecal baclofen have a higher rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks along the baclofen catheter than do adults treated with intrathecal baclofen. We postulated that the cause of the increased frequency of CSF leaks was increased CSF pressure, that is, occult hydrocephalus.

METHODS:
Lumbar punctures were performed in 24 children with cerebral palsy and asymptomatic ventriculomegaly. Their median age was 4.7 years. Mild or moderate ventriculomegaly was present in 23 children and severe ventriculomegaly was present in 1 child.

RESULTS:
Opening pressures were abnormally high in 23 (96%) of 24 children and ranged from 22 to 41 cm H2O (mean, 27.3 cm H2O). Opening pressures did not correlate with the extent of ventriculomegaly.

CONCLUSION:
Children with cerebral palsy and ventriculomegaly seem to have a high incidence of increased CSF pressure, and thus, of occult hydrocephalus. The increased pressure is probably a significant cause of the increased frequency of CSF leaks for these children during intrathecal baclofen therapy. The long-term risks of untreated increased CSF pressures in this patient population are not known but are cause for concern. Treatment with CSF shunts offers the potential of improved development, which was reported anecdotally in some children who were treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunts after their pressure was found to be increased. Prospective multicenter studies of this problem are needed.
Preoperative and Intraoperative Diffusion Tensor Imaging-based Fiber Tracking in Glioma Surgery
Authors: Nimsky Christopher , Ganslandt Oliver , Hastreiter Peter , Wang Ruopeng , Benner Thomas , Sorensen A Gregory , Fahlbusch Rudolf 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the intraoperative displacement of major white matter tracts during glioma resection by comparing preoperative and intraoperative diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tracking.

METHODS:
In 37 patients undergoing glioma surgery, preoperative and intraoperative diffusion tensor imaging was performed with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance scanner applying an echo-planar imaging sequence with six diffusion directions. For three-dimensional tractography, we implemented a knowledge-based multiple-region-of-interest approach applying user-defined seed regions in the color-coded maps of fractional anisotropy. Tracking was initiated in both the retrograde and orthograde directions according to the direction of the principal eigenvector in each voxel of the region of interest. The tractography results were also assigned color, applying the convention used in color-coded fractional anisotropy maps.

RESULTS:
Preoperative and intraoperative fiber tracking was technically feasible in all patients. Fiber tract visualization gave a quick and intuitive overview of the displaced course of white matter tracts in three-dimensional space. Comparison of preoperative and intraoperative tractography depicted a marked shifting of major white matter tracts during glioma removal. Maximum white matter tract shifting ranged from −8 to +15 mm (+2.7 ± 6.0 mm; mean ± standard deviation); in 29.7%, an inward and in 62.2%, an outward shifting was detected.

CONCLUSION:
Comparing preoperative and intraoperative fiber tracking visualizes a marked shifting and deformation of major white matter tracts because of tumor removal. This shifting emphasizes the need for an intraoperative update of navigation systems during resection of deep-seated tumor portions near eloquent brain areas. Fiber tracking is a method not only for preoperative neurosurgical visualization but also for further intraoperative planning.