bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogeochemical versus ecological consequences of modeled ocean physics
Authors: Clayton Sophie , Dutkiewicz Stephanie , Jahn Oliver , Hill Christopher , Heimbach Patrick , Follows Michael J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. We present a systematic study of the differences generated by coupling the same ecological–biogeochemical model to a 1°, coarse-resolution, and 1∕6°, eddy-permitting, global ocean circulation model to (a) biogeochemistry (e.g., primary production) and (b) phytoplankton community structure. Surprisingly, we find that the modeled phytoplankton community is largely unchanged, with the same phenotypes dominating in both cases. Conversely, there are large regional and seasonal variations in primary production, phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass. In the subtropics, mixed layer depths (MLDs) are, on average, deeper in the eddy-permitting model, resulting in higher nutrient supply driving increases in primary production and phytoplankton biomass. In the higher latitudes, differences in winter mixed layer depths, the timing of the onset of the spring bloom and vertical nutrient supply result in lower primary production in the eddy-permitting model. Counterintuitively, this does not drive a decrease in phytoplankton biomass but results in lower zooplankton biomass. We explain these similarities and differences in the model using the framework of resource competition theory, and find that they are the consequence of changes in the regional and seasonal nutrient supply and light environment, mediated by differences in the modeled mixed layer depths. Although previous work has suggested that complex models may respond chaotically and unpredictably to changes in forcing, we find that our model responds in a predictable way to different ocean circulation forcing, despite its complexity. The use of frameworks, such as resource competition theory, provides a tractable way to explore the differences and similarities that occur. As this model has many similarities to other widely used biogeochemical models that also resolve multiple phytoplankton phenotypes, this study provides important insights into how the results of running these models under different physical conditions might be more easily understood.
Experiential Function in Reading Passage of English Textbook Your Practice English Competence grade 8th for Junior High School
Authors: Arifiani Fathur Rizqi 
Published: June 2017

This study is concerned with the Experiential Function in Reading Passage of English Textbook for Junior High School. The objectives of this research were to find out the process type of experiential function, the most dominant process type and to describe the implication of the most dominant process type used in Reading Passage of English Textbook for Junior High School. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. The source of the data of this research were taken from reading passages in Practice Your English Competence textbook grade 8th published by Erlangga. The result of data analysis showed that the numbers in types of process were: material (45,1%), mental (16,5%), relational (26,9%), behavioral (2,7%), verbal (7,7%), and existential (1,1%). The most dominant process type used is Material process. That means that many reading passages in English textbook for junior high school contain action, or happened physicaly. So the process used in reading passages indicated action, doing things or what is done.
EDI-OCT evaluation of choroidal thickness in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Sodi Andrea , Lenzetti Chiara , Murro Vittoria , Caporossi Orsola , Mucciolo Dario P. , Bacherini Daniela , Cipollini Francesca , Passerini Ilaria , Virgili Gianni , Rizzo Stanislao 
Published: June 2017

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: A retrospective analysis of a group of patients with RP who underwent EDI-OCT was performed. Choroidal thickness measurements were compared with those of age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. In the RP group, the possible association between subfoveal CT and some clinical parameters (visual acuity, age, age at disease onset, duration of the disease, macular thickness, visual field loss, electroretinography [ERG]) was evaluated. Results: The study recruited 39 patients with RP with an average age of 43.3 ± 11.3 years while the control group consisted of 73 healthy subjects with an average age of 42.9 ± 12.10 years. On average, CT was significantly thinner in the RP group compared to the controls (p<0.0001). In the RP group, we could not find any significant association between CT and the considered clinical parameters even if there was a trend for decreasing CT with increasing age (r = −0.23, p = 0.096). In the control group, subfoveal CT showed a slightly significant correlation with age (r = −0.21, p = 0.04) but not with macular thickness and visual acuity. Conclusions: In our series, CT was significantly lower in the RP group in comparison with the controls, as measured by EDI-OCT, but did not correlate with age, age at onset, duration of the disease, macular thickness, visual acuity, visual field loss, or ERG responses. Although the clinical implications of choroidal changes in RP have not yet been clearly determined, the evaluation of choroidal features may provide information that could be useful to clarify the pathophysiology of the disease.
Expression of mTOR in Primary Pterygium and its Correlation with α-Smooth Muscle Actin
Authors: Zhao Xin-Rong , Zhang Ming-Chang , Xie Hua-Tao , Ji Nan , Ma Xiao-Qiong 
Published: June 2017

Purpose Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that has been shown to affect many cellular functions, such as cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism. However, there has been minimal focus on the expression of mTOR in pterygium. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of mTOR and the correlation between the levels of mTOR and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, a marker of transdifferentiation) in pterygium. Methods Primary pterygium samples from 28 patients and normal conjunctival samples from 16 patients were surgically removed and analyzed. The expression levels of mTOR and α-SMA in the excised specimens were assessed using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Furthermore, correlations between the mTOR and α-SMA expression levels were studied. Results The expression of mTOR and α-SMA was significantly higher in the pterygium tissues than in normal conjunctiva tissues. A significant positive correlation was detected between the number of mTOR-immunopositive fibroblasts and the number of α-SMA-immunopositive fibroblasts (ρ = 0.463, p = 0.0078). Additionally, mTOR expression was significantly correlated with α-SMA expression (ρ = 0.269, p = 0.031) in pterygium. Conclusions There was an increased expression of mTOR in pterygium samples compared to that in normal conjunctival tissues, with a positive correlation with α-SMA expression. These findings might be involved in the pathogenesis of pterygium.
Visual outcomes of the second eye in keratoconic patients who have a corneal graft in the first eye: analysis at 12 years
Authors: Gauthier Anne-Sophie , Friot Marie , Puyraveau Marc , Garcin Thibaud , Saleh Maher , Gain Phillipe , Delbosc Bernard 
Published: June 2017

Purpose: To analyze demographic, clinical, and keratometric outcomes of the second eye in keratoconic patients when the first eye has already been grafted, initially and finally at 12 years. Methods: Retrospective analysis of initial and 12 years visual and keratometric outcomes of the second eye in keratoconic patients when the first one has already been grafted. Results: A total of 107 patients were included: 66 patients were analyzed at the beginning of the follow-up and at 12 years. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to the correction method from the beginning to the end of the follow-up; 3% of patients underwent crosslinking and 4.5% an intracorneal ring segments implantation. There was no significant progress in corneal opacities (1.5% vs 3.0% at 12 years) or visual comfort (90.9% vs 87.9%). The mean values of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (0.69 vs 0.71 at 12 years, on a decimal scale), cylinder (-2.64 D vs -3.13 D), spherical equivalent, and keratometry (46.34 D vs. 46.49 D) had not significantly changed during the follow-up period. During the follow-up, 41 patients (38.3%) received a penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty on the contralateral eye (63% in the 5 years after the first corneal graft). At the time of the keratoplasty procedure, corneal opacities were seen in 7 patients (17.1%), mean BCVA was 0.26 ± 0.16, spherical equivalent mean was -3.70 D, mean cylinder was 3.89 D, mean keratometry values were 52.65 ± 6.80 D, and mean pachymetry value was 335.50 µm. Conclusions: This study suggests that the period of risk of keratoplasty in the second eye is significant in the first 5 years following the first keratoplasty. New therapeutic treatments have been made available, allowing for stabilization of the keratoconus decreasing the impact of transplantation.
Sealed Implantation of Foldable Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Nath Dharmendra , Blumenthal Eytan Z. , Sharma Mohita , Mimouni Michael 
Published: June 2017

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of sealed implantation, a simple technique for implanting foldable intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods This was a retrospective study including consecutive patients who underwent phacoemulsification cataract using the sealed implantation technique. Sealed implantation is a technique in which a single-piece, foldable IOL is implanted without an intraocular ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) or continuous infusion (hydroimplantation) of balanced saline solution (BSS). Forty consecutive patients who underwent clear corneal incision cataract surgery with IOL implantation using this technique were included. A 3-step 2.75-mm incision was performed approximately 0.5 mm anterior to the limbus with a 1.50 to 1.75 mm length as well as a 0.9 mm side port incision. Prior to the insertion of the IOL, the capsular bag and anterior chamber are filled with BSS. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2% is applied external to the main corneal incision. The foldable IOL injector tip is introduced into the main incision in one quick jabbing motion and the IOL injected. The IOL is dialed with a standard irrigating Simcoe cannula. The main outcomes were intraoperative complications and postoperative hypotony. Results Of 50 charts reviewed, sealed implantation was attempted in 40 (80%), with success in all cases. The injection of the IOL was performed without anterior chamber loss in 92% of the cases (n = 36) and no complications were recorded. There were no events of postoperative hypotony or wound leakage. Conclusions Sealed implantation is a safe and efficient alternative to hydroimplantation without the need for OVDs in suitable cases.
Percutaneous Cardiac Support during Myocardial Infarction Drastically Reduces Mortality: Perspectives from a Swine Model
Authors: Trivella Maria Giovanna , Piersigilli Alessandra , Bernini Fabio , Pelosi Gualtiero , Burchielli Silvia , Puzzuoli Stefano , Kusmic Claudia , L'Abbate Antonio 
Published: June 2017

Background/Aims Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with cardiogenic shock (CS) remains the leading cause of in-hospital death in acute coronary syndromes. In the AMI-CS pig model we tested the efficacy of temporary percutaneous cardiorespiratory assist device (PCRA) in rescuing the failing heart and reducing early mortality. Methods In open-chest pigs we induced AMI by proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation. Eight animals without PCRA (C group) were compared with 12 animals otherwise treated with PCRA (T group), starting approximately at 60 minutes post-occlusion and lasting 120–180 minutes. In 3 animals of the T group, regional myocardial oxygen content was also imaged by two-dimensional near infrared spectroscopy (2D-NIRS) with and without PCRA, before and after LAD reperfusion. Results All animals without PCRA died despite unrelenting resuscitation maneuvers (120 minutes average survival time). Conversely, animals treated with PCRA showed a reduction in life-threatening arrhythmia and maintenance of aortic pressure, allowing interruption of PCRA in all cases early in the experiments, with sound hemodynamics at the end of the observation period. During LAD occlusion, NIRS showed severe de-oxygenation of the LAD territory that improved with PCRA. After PCRA suspension and LAD reperfusion, the residual de-oxygenated area proved to be smaller than the initial risk area. Conclusions In AMI, PCRA initiated during advanced CS drastically reduced early mortality from 100% to 0% in a 4–5 hour observation period. PCRA promoted oxygenation of the ischemic area during LAD occlusion. Results support the use of PCRA as first line of treatment in AMI-CS, improving myocardial rescue and short-term survival.
Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Renal Cell Cancer: Updated and Critical Review
Authors: Fusco Vincenzo , Parisi Salvatore , d'Andrea Barbara , Troiano Michele , Clemente Maria Antonietta , Morelli Franco , Caivano Rocchina , Guglielmi Giuseppe 
Published: June 2017

Purpose The growing incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) raises many questions about the management of these patients. The late clinical presentation, the presence of locally advanced or metastatic disease at diagnosis, the difficulty of radical surgical excision, and radioresistance make it one of the more challenging tumors to treat. The primary objective of this article is to propose an updated and critical review of the role of radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of RCC. Methods This literature review is based on data from meta-analyses and randomized, prospective, and retrospective studies. We collected reports from 1970 to the present about preoperative RT, postoperative RT, stereotactic body RT, radiosurgery, and intraoperative RT in locally advanced renal cancer and in metastatic diseases. Results We emphasize the progress made in RT technology that allowed the creation of a more personalized and focused treatment with a minimum rate of complications. Conclusions In the coming years, new studies will be published to confirm and increase the indications for use of RT.
Aporte y características del cuenta propia en el mercado laboral Hondureño
Authors: Meza Kenia , Cabrera José Bayardo , Arteaga Portillo Cinthya Sarahi 
Published: June 2017

La necesidad de identifcar los segmentos en los cuales el mercado laboral de Honduras está estructurado representa un reto en materia de inicialmente identifcar la caracterización de los mismos, en ese sentido la presente investigación muestra una detallada descripción del trabajo por cuenta propia de Honduras para el periodo 2013 al 2015; defniendo a estos como aquellas personas que trabajan de manera independiente, usualmente con baja productividad y con salarios bajos, usualmente de baja califcación profesional.En el marco sobre la teoría de la heterogeneidad del trabajo por cuenta propia y de cuál es la dinámica de este sector en Honduras, desarrollamos una serie de análisis frente al nivel educativo, el salario, rama de actividad económica entre otras variables que nos permitirán presentar de manera descriptiva este sector poco explorado aún en nuestro país, pero que merece especial atención, considerando los elementos de transición demográfca y las políticas económicas actuales, que en cierto sentido podrían incentivar el aumento de este segmento del mercado laboral.
Educacion e Ingreso Percapita en Honduras
Authors: Ramos Mario , Soliz Carla , Hernández Israel Enrique , Redondo Melissa , Hernández Carmen 
Published: June 2017

Educación e ingreso, dos variables que son de interés en la actualidad; con ellas se puede contrastar tanto la calidad del capital humano como la calidad de vida de las personas en un país. Es por ello que la presente investigación tiene como propósito comprobar si el nivel de ingreso que percibe un hondureño es mayor a medida se incrementa su nivel educativo; para lo cual se ha realizado una descripción de los avances en educación y el nivel de ingreso per cápita en Honduras, en el período de 1990 hasta 2013; y, se ha desarrollado un modelo de corte transversal para el año 2013, utilizando como base la teoría del capital humano de Becker y la teoría de la experiencia de Mincer. Los coeficientes obtenidos en el modelo representan la magnitud de los retornos de la educación que se reflejan en el ingreso de los hogares hondureños. Los resultados del modelo muestran que un hondureño con un nivel de educación primaria completa percibe un 14.4% más de ingreso que otro que tiene ningún nivel educativo; si la persona cuenta con educación media completa, percibe un 74.5% de ingreso más; y si la persona tiene un nivel educativo superior, percibe un 108.1% de ingreso más.
Herramientas para simulación de matrices productivas óptimas del Ecuador
Authors: Flores Tapia Carlos Ernesto , Flores Cevallos Karla Lissette 
Published: June 2017

El gobierno ecuatoriano presidido por el Eco. Rafael Correa impulsa el cambio de la matriz productiva como una política de Estado para superar el modelo económico primario. Prioriza 14 sectores y 5 industrias estratégicos para modelar el cambio. La matriz propuesta por el gobierno no se sustenta en métodos cuantitativos que permitan calcular e interpretar las interdependencias de los diversos sectores de la economía; sino en apreciaciones subjetivas relacionadas con su posible potencial de mercado. El estudio contempla el análisis de la percepción de los sectores productivos de la provincia de Tungurahua con respecto a la priorización propuesta por el gobierno y el desarrollo de herramientas informáticas integradas en el “Simulador de la Matriz Insumo Producto” que permite calcular el impacto económico de cada rama del Sistema de Clasificación Industrial de América del Norte 2013 (SCIAN) en la economía total, en la propia rama y en otras ramas afectadas; y evaluar las distintas alternativas de matrices óptimas aplicando la Matriz de Leontief. Se recopila información existente en bases de datos gubernamentales y se establecen los criterios de análisis que permiten procesar la información con algoritmos matemáticos que vinculan herramientas informáticas. Finalmente se está en condiciones de proyectar el impacto de los resultados a nivel de producción, remuneraciones y puestos de trabajo, inducidos por cambios en alguno de los componentes de la demanda final.El estudio resulta prioritario porque aporta una visión estratégica para la toma de decisiones de la inversión pública y privada en el Ecuador sustentada en herramientas técnicas cuantitativas.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Statistics and Probability, Vol. 3, No. 4
Authors: Smith Wendy 
Published: June 2017

International Journal of Statistics and Probability wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Statistics and Probability publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Reviewers for Volume 3, Number 4 Abdullah A. SMADI Anna Grana' Bibi Abdelouahab Carla J. Thompson Carolyn Huston Chin-Shang Li Ehsan Karim Enayetur Raheem Ivair R. Silva Jacek Bialek Jorge M. Mendes Kouji Yamamoto Lishu Li Michela Ottobre Philip Westgate Sajid Ali Sohair F. Higazi Vyacheslav Abramov Yichuan Zhao Zaixing Li Wendy Smith On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Statistics and Probability Canadian Center of Science and Education
Cumulative effects of nitrogen application to winter

wheat at Ropsley, UK, from 1978 to 1990
Authors: BHOGAL A. , YOUNG S. D. , SYLVESTER-BRADLEY R. , O'DONNELL F. M. , RALPH R. L. 
Published: July 2002

In 1977, a four-course rotation was set up at Ropsley (UK) to study

crop response to eight rates of nitrogen application (35–265 kg

ha−1). This rotation continued until 1990 when continuous
winter

wheat was introduced. Results from 1978 to 1990 provide an opportunity
to

study the initial phase

of cumulative effects from different rates of N fertilizer application
on

the recovery of N by cereals and the retention of N in the soil.From 1978 to 1990, considerable variation in the recovery of nitrogen

by winter wheat was

observed. Neither rainfall nor drainage, as indicators of possible

denitrification or leaching losses,

provided a useful explanation for this, possibly because of the

relatively dry conditions prevailing

after spring fertilizer application. There was no evidence of increased

soil N fertility, beyond single

year residues, as a result of large N applications over the 13-year period.In order to achieve the economic optimum grain yield, it was necessary
to

use N applications which

produced inefficient recovery of N. Thus, greater return of N in crop

residues and immobilization at relatively large N applications

(>150 kg ha−1) contributed to an observed build-up
in

soil organic N over the period of study. Plots receiving, on average,

265 kg ha−1 appeared to gain c. 250 kg

ha−1 N over control plots (35 kg ha−1)
after

13 years of N application. Reducing the N application rate from

the economic optimum to a more biologically efficient N rate (156 kg

ha−1) was calculated to result

in an average yield loss of 0·305 t ha−1 and

cause an estimated £17 ha−1 loss in profit.
Effects of beet western yellows virus on growth and
yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
Authors: JAY C. N. , ROSSALL S. , SMITH H. G. 
Published: July 2002

Field trials were undertaken in Suffolk in commercial crops of autumn-sown oilseed rape cv.
Capricorn during 1993/94, cv. Apex in 1994/95. Plots were artificially infected with beet western
yellows virus (BWYV) using viruliferous Myzus persicae, giving 73 to 94% infection. Control plots
had natural infection ranging from 0 to 17·8%. Destructive plant samples were taken from each of
the infected and control plots throughout the seasons for growth analyses, and final yields were
measured on 44 m2 areas combine harvested from each plot. The seed yields of infected plots were
26 and 11% lower than control plots in 1994 and 1995 respectively (P<0·001).Harvested seed yields were shown to be inversely proportional to the area of the plot that was
inoculated with BWYV. Infection significantly lowered the oil content in 1995 from 47·9 to 46·8%
(P<0·001), and increased glucosinolate levels from 16·12 to 18·37 μmol/g (P<0·01). BWYV caused
a significant reduction in plant height and in numbers of primary branches in the 1993/94 trial and
had an effect on the dry weight of the leaves, stalks, racemes and pods at some sample dates in both
seasons. Virus-testing of infected plants showed that BWYV was present in the pod wall, the septum
and seed coat; two of 78 embryo samples also contained virus. It was concluded that BWYV can
cause significant yield losses in those years in which there is a high incidence of virus in the
overwintered crops.