bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well‐Defined Cobalt Catalyst with N‐Doped Carbon Layers Enwrapping: The Correlation between Surface Atomic Structure and Electrocatalytic Property
Authors: Zhang Youkui , Lin Yunxiang , Jiang Hongliang , Wu Chuanqiang , Liu Hengjie , Wang Changda , Chen Shuangming , Duan Tao , Song Li 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAdmittedly, the surface atomic structure of heterogenous catalysts toward the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are accepted as the important features that can tune catalytic activity and even catalytic pathway. Herein, a surface engineering strategy to controllably synthesize a carbon‐layer‐wrapped cobalt‐catalyst from 2D cobalt‐based metal–organic frameworks is elaborately demonstrated. Combined with synchrotron radiation X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the soft X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure results confirmed that rich covalent interfacial CoNC bonds are efficiently formed between cobalt nanoparticles and wrapped carbon‐layers during the polydopamine‐assisted pyrolysis process. The X‐ray absorption fine structure and corresponding extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectra further reveal that the wrapped cobalt with Co–N coordinations shows distinct surface distortion and atomic environmental change of Co‐based active sites. In contrast to the control sample without coating layers, the 800 °C‐annealed cobalt catalyst with N‐doped carbon layers enwrapping achieves significantly enhanced ORR activity with onset and half‐wave potentials of 0.923 and 0.816 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode), highlighting the important correlation between surface atomic structure and catalytic property.
Direct Experimental Observation of Facet‐Dependent SERS of Cu2O Polyhedra
Authors: Lin Jie , Hao Wei , Shang Yang , Wang Xiaotian , Qiu Dengli , Ma Guanshui , Chen Chao , Li Shuzhou , Guo Lin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSemiconductor‐based surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has attracted great attention due to its excellent spectral reproducibility, high uniformity, and good anti‐interference ability. However, its relatively low SERS sensitivity still hinders its further developments in both performance and applications. Since the SERS is a peculiar surface effect, investigating the facet‐dependent SERS activity of semiconductor nanostructures is crucial to boost their SERS signals. Although the semiconductor facet‐dependent SERS effect is predicted via numerical calculations, convincing experimental evidence is scarce due to complicated and undefined surface conditions. In this work, three facet‐defined ({100}, {110}, and {111} facets) Cu2O microcrystals (MCs) with clear surface atomic configuration are utilized to investigate the facet‐dependent SERS effect. The results from the Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements on single Cu2O polyhedron, demonstrate that the facet‐dependent work function plays a crucial role in the interfacial charge transfer process. Comparing with the {110} and {111} facets, the {100} facet possesses the lowest electronic work function, which enables more efficient interfacial charge transfer. The simulation results further confirm that the {100}‐facets can transfer the most electrons from Cu2O MCs to molecules due to its lowest facet work function, resulting in the largest increment of the molecular polarization.
Guest editor's introduction to the Special Issue on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM 2015)
Authors: Khomh Foutse , Lo David , Godfrey Michael W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe are happy to introduce you to this special issue that presents selected papers from the 15th IEEE International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM 2015). SCAM is a leading conference that brings together researchers and practitioners working on theory, techniques, and applications that concern analysis and/or manipulation of the source code of computer systems. While much attention in the wider software engineering community is properly directed towards other aspects of systems development and evolution, such as specification, design, and requirements engineering, it is the source code that contains the only precise description of the behavior of the system. The analysis and manipulation of source code thus remains a pressing concern. SCAM 2015 was held on September 27 to 28, 2015, in Bremen, Germany, together with 31st International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME).
Biological crusts of serpentine and non‐serpentine soils from the Barberton Greenstone Belt of South Africa
Authors: Venter Arthurita , Siebert Stefan , Rajakaruna Nishanta , Barnard Sandra , Levanets Anatoliy , Ismail Arshad , Allam Mushal , Peterson Bianca , Sanko Tomasz 
Published: December 2017

AbstractClimate and geography can influence biological soil crust (BSC) community composition, but local heterogeneity in variables such as soil characteristics or microclimate gradients can also impact cryptogamic diversity. Heavy metals and nutrient imbalances in serpentine soils are known to influence the distributions of higher plants, but cryptogamic species appear to be more tolerant of substrate. The aim of this study was to compare the cryptogamic composition of serpentine and non‐serpentine soils by using integrative taxonomy, which combines morphological and DNA barcoding data, to determine how soil characteristics in combination with rainfall can influence BSC community composition. Samples from serpentine and non‐serpentine soils were enumerated and total genomic DNA was isolated from the soil samples. Analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and ITS sequences were done using the quantitative insights into microbial ecology (QIIME) workflow to determine which eukaryotic microorganisms were present in the samples. Sixty genera from the Cyanophyceae (38), Chlorophyceae (10), Bacillariophyceae (6), Eustigmatophyceae (4), Trebouxiophyceae (1) and Xanthophyceae (1) classes were detected with this approach. Results confirm that algae and cyanobacteria are tolerant of most substrates and can even colonize environments with high levels of heavy metal and nutrient imbalances, if moisture is present. Genera such as Acaryochloris, Annamia, Brasilonema, Chrocosphaera, Halomicronema, Planktothricoides, Rubidibacter, and Toxopsis are reported for the first time for South African soil.
Osteomielite tuberculosa imitando um tumor ósseo lítico: Relato de dois casos e revisão da literatura
Authors: Wiratnaya I. Gede Eka , Susila I. Wayan Restu B. , Sindhughosa Dwijo Anargha 
Published: December 2017

ResumoA osteomielite tuberculosa é uma forma incomum de tuberculose (TB) e o acometimento isolado da articulação do punho pelo TB é particularmente raro. Os sintomas e a manifestação clínica imitam outras doenças; portanto, um diagnóstico cuidadoso é necessário. Os autores apresentam dois casos de pacientes com massa nas partes moles e lesão óssea lítica. A biópsia revelou osteomielite granulomatosa. A cultura da lesão identificou Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Os autores recomendam que médicos clínicos incluam a TB como um diagnóstico diferencial da causa primária das lesões ósseas líticas, mesmo na ausência de sintomas pulmonares ou fatores de risco de infecção por TB. A inclusão de culturas micobacterianas na análise de biópsias de lesões ósseas líticas também é recomendada.
Demographics, Interests, and Quality of Life of Canadian Neurosurgery Residents
Authors: Iorio-Morin Christian , Ahmed Syed Uzair , Bigder Mark , Dakson Ayoub , Elliott Cameron , Guha Daipayan , Kameda-Smith Michelle , Lavergne Pascal , Makarenko Serge , Taccone Michael S. , Tso Michael K. , Wang Bill , Winkler-Schwartz Alexander , Fortin David ,   on behalf of the Canadian Neurosurgery Research Collaborative
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground:Neurosurgical residents face a unique combination of challenges, including long duty hours, technically challenging cases, and uncertain employment prospects. We sought to assess the demographics, interests, career goals, self-rated happiness, and overall well-being of Canadian neurosurgery residents.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was developed and sent through the Canadian Neurosurgery Research Collaborative to every resident enrolled in a Canadian neurosurgery program as of April 1, 2016.Results:We analyzed 76 completed surveys of 146 eligible residents (52% response rate). The median age was 29 years, with 76% of respondents being males. The most popular subspecialties of interest for fellowship were spine, oncology, and open vascular neurosurgery. The most frequent self-reported number of worked hours per week was the 80- to 89-hour range. The majority of respondents reported a high level of happiness as well as stress. Sense of accomplishment and fatigue were reported as average to high and overall quality of life was low for 19%, average for 49%, and high for 32%. Satisfaction with work-life balance was average for 44% of respondents and was the only tested domain in which significant dissatisfaction was identified (18%). Overall, respondents were highly satisfied with their choice of specialty, choice of program, surgical exposure, and work environment; however, intimidation was reported in 36% of respondents and depression by 17%.Conclusions:Despite a challenging residency and high workload, the majority of Canadian neurosurgery residents are happy and satisfied with their choice of specialty and program. However, work-life balance, employability, resident intimidation, and depression were identified as areas of active concern.
The Effects of Intraoperative Sedation on Surgical Outcomes of Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
Authors: Chui Jason , Alimiri Rizq , Parrent Andrew , Craen Rosemary Ann 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground:Intraoperative sedation is often used to facilitate deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery; however, these sedative agents also suppress microelectrode recordings (MER). To date, there have been no studies that have examined the effects of differing sedatives on surgical outcomes and the success of DBS surgery.Methods:We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the effect of differing sedative agents on postoperative surgical outcomes at 6 months in parkinsonian adult patients who underwent DBS surgery, from January 2004 through December 2014, at one academic center. Surgical outcomes of DBS were evaluated using a simplified Unified Parkinson Diseases Rating Score-III and levodopa dose equivalent reduction at baseline and 6 months postoperatively.Results:We analyzed data from 121 of 124 consecutive parkinsonian patients. Propofol, dexmedetomidine, remifentanil, and midazolam were used individually or in combination. All sedatives were routinely discontinued 20 to 30 minutes before MER, in accordance with our institutional protocol. We found no statistically significant association between the use of individual agent or combination of sedative agents and surgical outcomes at 6 months, the success of DBS, duration of MER, duration of stage 1 procedure, and perioperative complications.Conclusions:Our study showed that the choice of sedative agent was not associated with poor surgical outcomes after DBS surgery using MER and macrostimulation techniques in parkinsonian patients.
The research to practice continuum: Development of an evidence-based visual aid to improve informed consent for procedural sedation
Authors: Bellolio M. Fernanda , e Silva Lucas Oliveira J. , Alencastro Puls Henrique , Hargraves Ian G. , Cabrera Daniel 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionIn order to fully participate in informed consent, patients must understand what it is that they are agreeing, or not agreeing, to. In most cases, patients look to their clinicians to help develop the appropriate understanding required to give informed consent. Often the quality of the information available as well as the delivery methods are not optimal.MethodsUsing a visual aid as an adjunct to risk communication in a stressful setting as the Emergency Department has a clear potential in facilitating the communication process. To support more accurate and consistent presentation of risk, we formed a team with implementation scientists, patient education specialists, nurses, physicians, and professional designers to transform the information available into a 6th grade reading level visual aid tool. We applied a DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) process to design the tool. We measured and analyzed its effectiveness through feedback from providers, patients, and caregivers. This cycle happened 3 times until we reached the final version of the visual aid.ResultsWe utilized a DMAIC methodology as well as modified Delphi method to create and refine a visual aid tool. Several rounds of end-user feedback along with DMAIC allowed us to create a tool that was consistently better with each round of development, analysis and feedback. After arriving at the final version of the tool, we surveyed physicians in our Emergency Department. We measured the difficulty to understand the information, whether doctors think the visual aid will help patients to understand the data, and the appropriateness of the tool’s length and the amount of information in it.ConclusionsWe believe that our experience can be replicated by other researchers and clinicians in the endeavor of translating the evidence into clinical practice. An effort should be made to fully translate research findings until the end of the research to practice continuum in order to better translate knowledge into a useful and useable form for informed consent decisions in busy clinical practice.
LOS SALARIOS REALES Y EL NIVEL DE VIDA EN UNA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA COLONIAL: MONTEVIDEO ENTRE 1760-1810
Authors: Moraes María Inés , Thul Florencia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article makes a contribution to the empirical and methodological discussion on the standard of living in Latin America during the colonial period. It presents evidence obtained from primary sources on the evolution of nominal wages, cost of living and real wages for 10 occupational categories in the region of Montevideo between 1760 and 1810. The results place rural laborers and masons in Montevideo below subsistence levels until at least the first decade of the 19thcentury, a finding that is difficult to reconcile with the demographic and productive growth of the region at the same time. Wages may not be the main component in the structure of family income among the subordinate sectors of the colonial Río de la Plata.
Perceiving the Past: From Age Value to Pastness
Authors: Holtorf Cornelius 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:According to the Austrian art historian Alois Riegl (1857–1905), cultural heritage possesses age value (Alterswert) based on the perception of an object’s visible traces of age. His 1903 essay “The Modern Cult of Monuments” became a classic, and age value has ever since been constitutive for cultural heritage. Closer scrutiny, however, reveals that clever copies, reconstructions, and imaginative inventions can possess age value too. I therefore suggest “pastness” as a useful term for denoting the perception that a given object is “of the past.” Pastness is not immanent in an object but, rather, results from its appearance (for example, patina), its context (for example, in a museum), or its correspondence with preconceived expectations among the audience. In this article, I review the concept of pastness and discuss its implications for the global heritage sector. Age value emerges as being less universal than Riegl thought and was linked to a very particular intellectual and cultural context.
Predictors of coverage of the national maternal pertussis and infant rotavirus vaccination programmes in England
Authors: BYRNE L. , WARD C. , WHITE J. M. , AMIRTHALINGAM G. , EDELSTEIN M. 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYThis study assessed variation in coverage of maternal pertussis vaccination, introduced in England in October 2012 in response to a national outbreak, and a new infant rotavirus vaccination programme, implemented in July 2013. Vaccine eligible patients were included from national vaccine coverage datasets and covered April 2014 to March 2015 for pertussis and January 2014 to June 2016 for rotavirus. Vaccine coverage (%) was calculated overall and by NHS England Local Team (LT), ethnicity and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) quintile, and compared using binomial regression. Compared with white-British infants, the largest differences in rotavirus coverage were in ‘other’, white-Irish and black-Caribbean infants (−13·9%, −12·1% and −10·7%, respectively), after adjusting for IMD and LT. The largest differences in maternal pertussis coverage were in black-other and black-Caribbean women (−16·3% and −15·4%, respectively). Coverage was lowest in London LT for both programmes. Coverage decreased with increasing deprivation and was 14·0% lower in the most deprived quintile compared with the least deprived for the pertussis programme and 4·4% lower for rotavirus. Patients’ ethnicity and deprivation were therefore predictors of coverage which contributed to, but did not wholly account for, geographical variation in coverage in England.
Ascites in an uncorrected tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary valve absence in an adult patient
Authors: Avendaño-Perez Leonel , Espinola-Zavaleta Nilda 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis is a case of a 37-year-old woman with uncorrected tetralogy of Fallot with the absence of pulmonary valve and history of heart murmur in childhood who did not have a medical approach. At 29 years of age she started with dyspnoea that in the last 7 months progressed to be of small effort and also referred increase of the abdominal perimeter.
Becoming Politicized
Authors: Barkas Dimitrios , Chryssochoou Xenia 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. This research took place just after the end of the protests following the killing of a 16-year-old boy by a policeman in Greece in December 2008. Participants (N = 224) were 16-year-olds in different schools in Attiki. Informed by the Politicized Collective Identity Model ( Simon & Klandermans, 2001 ), a questionnaire measuring grievances, adversarial attributions, emotions, vulnerability, identifications with students and activists, and questions about justice and Greek society in the future, as well as about youngsters’ participation in different actions, was completed. Four profiles of the participants emerged from a cluster analysis using representations of the conflict, emotions, and identifications with activists and students. These profiles differed on beliefs about the future of Greece, participants’ economic vulnerability, and forms of participation. Importantly, the clusters corresponded to students from schools of different socioeconomic areas. The results indicate that the way young people interpret the events and the context, their levels of identification, and the way they represent society are important factors of their political socialization that impacts on their forms of participation. Political socialization seems to be related to youngsters’ position in society which probably constitutes an important anchoring point of their interpretation of the world.
MicroRNA-221-3p, a TWIST2 target, promotes cervical cancer metastasis by directly targeting THBS2
Authors: Wei Wen-Fei , Zhou Chen-Fei , Wu Xiang-Guang , He Li-Na , Wu Lan-Fang , Chen Xiao-Jing , Yan Rui-Ming , Zhong Mei , Yu Yan-Hong , Liang Li , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs have implicated in the relapse and metastasis of cervical cancer, which is the leading cause of cervical cancer-related mortality. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms need further elucidation. Our present study revealed that miR-221-3p is transcriptionally promoted in metastatic cervical cancer tissues compared with non-metastatic cervical cancer tissues. Forced overexpression of miR-221-3p facilitated EMT and promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro and lymphatic metastasis in vivo. Twist homolog 2 (TWIST2) was found to be a key transcription factor binding to the promoter of miR-221-3p. Inhibitors of miR-221-3p drastically reduced the induction of EMT and decreased cell migration and invasion mediated by TWIST2. By combined computational and experimental approaches, THBS2 was recognized to be an important downstream target gene of miR-221-3p. In cervical cancer tissues, especially with lymphatic metastasis, miR-221-3p and TWIST2 were increased and THBS2 was decreased, suggesting that TWIST2 induces miR-221-3p expression and consequently suppresses its direct target THBS2 in lymphatic metastasis CC. Our findings uncover a mechanistic role for miR-221-3p in lymph node metastasis, suggesting that miR-221-3p is upregulated by the transcription factor TWIST2 and downregulates its target THBS2, which may potentially promote lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer.
Mutant Runx2 regulates amelogenesis and osteogenesis through a miR-185-5p-Dlx2 axis
Authors: Chang Huaiguang , Wang Yue , Liu Haochen , Nan Xu , Wong Singwai , Peng Saihui , Gu Yajuan , Zhao Hongshan , Feng Hailan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRegulation of microRNAs (miRNA) has been extensively investigated in diseases; however, little is known about the roles of miRNAs in cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential involvement of miRNAs in CCD. In vitro site-directed mutagenesis was performed to construct three mutant Runx2 expression vectors, which were then transfected into LS8 cells and MC3T3-E1 cells, to determine the impact on amelogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively. miRCURY LNA miRNA microarray identify miR-185-5p as a miRNA target commonly induced by all three Runx2 mutants. Real-time quantitative PCR was applied to determine the expression of miR-185-5p and Dlx2 in samples. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm Dlx2 as a legitimate target of miR-185-5p. The suppressive effect of miR-185-5p on amelogenesis and osteogenesis of miR-185-5p was evaluated by RT-PCR and western blot examination of Amelx, Enam, Klk4, and Mmp20 gene and protein expression, and by Alizarin Red stain. We found that mutant Runx2 suppressed amelogenesis and osteogenesis. miR-185-5p, induced by Runx2, suppressed amelogenesis and osteogenesis. Furthermore, we identified Dlx2 as direct target of miR-185-5p. Consistently, Dlx2 expression was inversely correlated with miR-185-5p levels. This study highlights the molecular etiology and significance of miR-185-5p in CCD, and suggests that targeting miR-185-5p may represent a new therapeutic strategy in prevention or intervention of CCD.
Identifying the ubiquitination targets of E6AP by orthogonal ubiquitin transfer
Authors: Wang Yiyang , Liu Xianpeng , Zhou Li , Duong Duc , Bhuripanyo Karan , Zhao Bo , Zhou Han , Liu Ruochuan , Bi Yingtao , Kiyokawa Hiroaki , Yin Jun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractE3 ubiquitin (UB) ligases are the ending modules of the E1–E2-E3 cascades that transfer UB to cellular proteins and regulate their biological functions. Identifying the substrates of an E3 holds the key to elucidate its role in cell regulation. Here, we construct an orthogonal UB transfer (OUT) cascade to identify the substrates of E6AP, a HECT E3 also known as Ube3a that is implicated in cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders. We use yeast cell surface display to engineer E6AP to exclusively transfer an affinity-tagged UB variant (xUB) to its substrate proteins. Proteomic identification of xUB-conjugated proteins in HEK293 cells affords 130 potential E6AP targets. Among them, we verify that MAPK1, CDK1, CDK4, PRMT5, β-catenin, and UbxD8 are directly ubiquitinated by E6AP in vitro and in the cell. Our work establishes OUT as an efficient platform to profile E3 substrates and reveal the cellular circuits mediated by the E3 enzymes.