bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food‐related salience processing in healthy subjects during word recognition: Fronto‐parietal network activation as revealed by independent component analysis
Authors: Safi Annette , Nikendei Christoph , Terhoeven Valentin , Weisbrod Matthias , Sharma Anuradha 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe study aimed to isolate and localize mutually independent cognitive processes evoked during a word recognition task involving food‐related and food‐neutral words using independent component analysis (ICA) for continuously recorded EEG data. Recognition memory (old/new effect) involves cognitive subcomponents—familiarity and recollection—which may be temporally and spatially dissociated in the brain. Food words may evoke additional attentional salience which may interact with the old/new effect.MethodsSixteen satiated female participants undertook a word recognition task consisting of an encoding phase (learning of presented words, 40 food‐related and 40 food neutral) and a test phase (recognition of previously learned words and new words). Simultaneously recorded 64‐channel EEG data were decomposed into mutually independent components using the Infomax algorithm in EEGLAB. The components were localized using single dipole fitting using a four‐shell BESA head model. The resulting (nonartefactual) components with <15% residual variance were clustered across subjects using the kmeans algorithm resulting in five meaningful clusters localized to fronto‐parietal regions. Repeated‐measures anova was employed to test main effects (old/new and food relevance) and their interaction on cluster time courses.ResultsEarly task‐relevant old/new effects were localized to the medial frontal gyrus (MFG) and later old/new effects to the right parietal regions (precuneus). Food‐related (nontask‐relevant) salience effects were localized to bilateral parietal regions (left precuneus and right postcentral gyrus). Food‐related salience interacted with task relevance, the old/new effect in MFG being significant only for food‐neutral words highlighting central the role of MFG as the converging site of endogenous and exogenous salience inputs.ConclusionOur results indicate ICA to be a valid technique to decompose complex neurophysiological signals involving multiple cognitive processes and implicate the fronto‐parietal network as an important attentional network for processing salience and task demands.
Longitudinal evaluation of Tau‐P301L transgenic mice reveals no cognitive impairments at 17 months of age
Authors: Kent Brianne A. , Heath Christopher J. , Kim Chi Hun , Ahrens Rosemary , Fraser Paul E. , St George‐Hyslop Peter , Bussey Timothy J. , Saksida Lisa M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionTau is a microtubule‐associated binding protein implicated in neurodegenerative tauopathies, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These diseases result in the intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in the form of neurofibrillary tangles, the presence of which is associated with cognitive deficits.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal behavioral study to provide a profile of the TgTau(P301L)23027 transgenic mouse in multiple cognitive domains across multiple ages. P301L is the tau mutation most frequently observed in patients with frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP‐17) and this mouse model recapitulates the progressive development of glial and neurofibrillary tangles, and associated cerebral atrophy observed in patients. We examined frontal cortex‐dependent executive function and attention with the touchscreen 5‐choice serial reaction time test (5‐CSRTT) and assessed the function of temporal cortical structures using novel object recognition (OR).ResultsDespite using sensitive tasks, there were no apparent changes in executive function, attention, or recognition memory in the transgenic mice from 5 to 17 months of age.ConclusionsThis study represents the first comprehensive longitudinal analysis of cognition in the TgTauP301L mouse model and suggests that this model is not ideal for studying early attention and recognition memory impairments associated with tauopathy. However, spatial and object recognition memory impairments were observed during follow‐up assessments when the mice were 18 and 21 months, respectively. These impairments are consistent with previous publications, and with a dementia‐like phenotype in these mice when aged.
NMR Spectroscopic Isotope Tracking Reveals Cascade Steps in Carbohydrate Conversion by Tin‐Beta
Authors: Elliot Samuel G. , Taarning Esben , Madsen Robert , Meier Sebastian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractQuantitative isotope tracking studies were used to investigate the reaction pathways that occur for Sn‐Beta‐catalyzed carbohydrate conversion to various α‐hydroxy esters. Experimental insight into the conversion of pentoses was sought (i) by identifying pathways based on isotope patterns in the reaction products and (ii) by probing asymmetric isotope incorporation into products. The results indicate that reaction intermediates remain coordinated to the active site throughout the reaction cascades, regardless of the reaction pathway. A predominant transformation of the C1 carbohydrate position to the C3 position of methyl lactate resembles enzymatic glycolysis. Likewise, the majority of retro‐aldol cleavage occurs from the carbohydrate in the ketose form, which again resembles biological glycolysis. In addition, various side‐activities are detected in Sn‐Beta‐catalyzed carbohydrate conversion, which include 5,1‐hydride and 1,2‐carbon shift of the carbohydrates.
Hydroconversion of Waste Cooking Oil into Bio‐Jet Fuel over a Hierarchical NiMo/USY@Al‐SBA‐15 Zeolite
Authors: Zhang Zongwei , Wang Qingfa , Chen Hao , Zhang Xiangwen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe direct conversion of waste cooking oil (WCO) into bio‐jet fuel was investigated over a core‐shell hierarchical USY@Al‐SBA‐15 zeolite‐supported NiMo catalyst. The core‐shell structure showed better acid and pore size distributions. The synergetic effect of the core‐shell micropore and mesopore structure significantly contributed to enhancing the selectivity for the jet fuel (C9–15 hydrocarbons) from 9.3 % over NiMo/USY up to 35.7 % over NiMo/USY@Al‐SBA‐15, with high isomerization (iso‐/n‐paraffins ratio = 2.7) and moderate aromatic fraction (18.7 %). The decarboxylation reaction was selectively enhanced. Optimal selectivity for jet fuel (39.7 %) was obtained at 380 °C and a high H2/oil ratio would decrease the yield of jet fuel. This catalyst showed excellent stability for the hydroconversion of WCO to hydrocarbons.
Photoredox‐Switchable Resorcin[4]arene Cavitands: Radical Control of Molecular Gripping Machinery via Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Milić Jovana , Zalibera Michal , Talaat Darius , Nomrowski Julia , Trapp Nils , Ruhlmann Laurent , Boudon Corinne , Wenger Oliver S. , Savitsky Anton , Lubitz Wolfgang , Diederich François 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSemiquinones (SQ) are generated in photosynthetic organisms upon photoinduced electron transfer to quinones (Q). They are stabilized by hydrogen bonding (HB) with the neighboring residues, which alters the properties of the reaction center. We designed, synthesized, and investigated resorcin[4]arene cavitands inspired by this function of SQ in natural photosynthesis. Cavitands were equipped with alternating quinone and quinoxaline walls bearing hydrogen bond donor groups (HBD). Different HBD were analyzed that mimic natural amino acids, such as imidazole and indole, along with their analogues, pyrrole and pyrazole. Pyrroles were identified as the most promising candidates that enabled the cavitands to remain open in the Q state until strengthening of HB upon reduction to the paramagnetic SQ radical anion provided stabilization of the closed form. The SQ state was generated electrochemically and photochemically, whereas properties were studied by UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry, transient absorption, and EPR spectroscopy. This study demonstrates a photoredox‐controlled conformational switch towards a new generation of molecular grippers.
Stiction detection in low sampling rate signals
Authors: Dambros Jônathan W. V. , Farenzena Marcelo , Trierweiler Jorge O. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt is a consensus that stiction brings strong oscillations for chemical plants and its automatic detection still needs efforts to be fulfilled. Despite the large number, no stiction detection method covers with confidence all cases found industrially. Conditions such as strong noise presence, disturbance, or low sampling may lead to misclassification of the oscillation cause. In this work, a technique for dealing with low sampling signals is introduced. The technique is based on grouping different periods of the signal in such a way that the resulting signal exhibits a higher number of data per cycle and can be analyzed by conventional stiction detection methods. The technique is applied to simulated and industrial data. Results demonstrate the best detection performance after the application of the proposed technique, where stiction detection becomes virtually independent of the sampling period.
Biomarker discovery for renal cancer stem cells
Authors: Corrò Claudia , Moch Holger 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCharacterised by high intra‐ and inter‐tumor heterogeneity, metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is resistant to chemo‐ and radiotherapy. Therefore, the development of new prognostic and diagnostic markers for RCC patients is needed. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of neoplastic cells within a tumor which present characteristics reminiscent of normal stem cells. CSCs are characterised by unlimited cell division, maintenance of the stem cell pool (self‐renewal), and capability to give rise to all cell types within a tumor; and contribute to metastasis in vivo (tumourigenicity), treatment resistance and recurrence. So far, many studies have tried to establish unique biomarkers to identify CSC populations in RCC. At the same time, different approaches have been developed with the aim to isolate CSCs. Consequently, several markers were found to be specifically expressed in CSCs and cancer stem‐like cells derived from RCC such as CD105, ALDH1, OCT4, CD133, and CXCR4. However, the contribution of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, and tumor microenvironment, to cellular plasticity have made the discovery of unique biomarkers a very difficult task. In fact, contrasting results regarding the applicability of such markers to the isolation of renal CSCs have been reported in the literature. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanism underlying CSC may help dissecting tumor heterogeneity and drug treatment efficiency.
Effect of Material Structure on Photoluminescence of ZnO/MgO Core‐Shell Nanowires
Authors: Marvinney Claire E. , Shen Xiao , McBride James R. , Critchlow Dominic , Li Zhineng , Mayo Daniel C. , Mu Richard R. , Pantelides Sokrates T. , Haglund Richard F. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires are widely studied for use in ultraviolet optoelectronic devices, such as nanolasers and sensors. Nanowires (NWs) with an MgO shell exhibit enhanced band‐edge photoluminescence (PL), a result previously attributed to passivation of ZnO defects. However, we find that processing the ZnO NWs under low oxygen partial pressure leads to an MgO‐thickness‐dependent PL enhancement owing to the formation of optical cavity modes. Conversely, processing under higher oxygen partial pressure leads to NWs that support neither mode formation nor band‐edge PL enhancement. High‐resolution electron microscopy and density‐functional calculations implicate the ZnO m‐plane surface morphology as the key determinant of core‐shell structure and cavity‐mode optics. A ZnO surface with atomic steps along the m‐plane in the c‐axis direction stimulates the growth of a smooth MgO shell that supports guided‐wave optical modes and enhanced UV PL. On the other hand, a smoother ZnO surface leads to nucleation of a rough cladding layer which supports neither enhanced UV PL nor optical cavity modes. Finite‐element analysis shows a clear correlation between allowed Fabry‐Perot and whispering gallery modes and enhanced UV‐PL. These results point the way to fabricating ZnO/MgO core‐shell nanowires for more efficient UV nanolasers, scintillators, and sensors.
Modeling local adaptation and gene flow in sockeye salmon
Authors: Lin Jocelyn E. , Hard Jeffrey J. , Hilborn Ray , Hauser Lorenz 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMicroevolutionary processes determine levels of local adaptation within populations and presumably affect population productivity, but selection and phenotypic evolution have not often been linked explicitly to population dynamics in the wild. Here, we describe a stochastic, individual‐based model that simulates evolutionary and demographic effects of migration and selection in interconnected sockeye salmon populations. Two populations were simulated based on parameters obtained empirically from wild populations in the Bristol Bay region of southwestern Alaska, representing beach‐ and stream‐spawning ecotypes. Individuals underwent a full salmonid life cycle, experiencing sexual selection, size‐selective harvest, and predation based on body size at maturity. Stabilizing natural selection on the three traits (body length, body depth, and age at maturity) tracked for all individuals favored different phenotypes in the two ecotype populations, and the three traits evolved in a genetically correlated manner. Simulation results showed that stabilizing selection on fish phenotypes was always critical for maintaining local adaptation, especially when dispersal rates were high, but loss of local adaptation did not result in substantial loss of productivity. Rather, productivity was more strongly influenced by the opposing effects of stabilizing and harvest selection; strong stabilizing selection caused the salmon to evolve larger body sizes that made them more likely to be caught in the fishery. The model results suggest that interactions between different selection pressures can have substantial demographic as well as evolutionary consequences in wild salmon populations, with key implications for sustainability of natural production in the face of selective harvest and systemic environmental change.
Acutely decompensated heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction present with comparable haemodynamic congestion
Authors: Van Aelst Lucas N.L. , Arrigo Mattia , Placido Rui , Akiyama Eiichi , Girerd Nicolas , Zannad Faiez , Manivet Philippe , Rossignol Patrick , Badoz Marc , Sadoune Malha , Launay Jean‐Marie , Gayat Etienne , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Mebazaa Alexandre , Seronde Marie‐France 
Published: December 2017

AimsCongestion is a central feature of acute heart failure (HF) and its assessment is important for clinical decisions (e.g. tailoring decongestive treatments). It remains uncertain whether patients with acute HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are comparably congested as in acute HF with reduced EF (HFrEF). This study assessed congestion, right ventricular (RV) and renal dysfunction in acute HFpEF, HFrEF and non‐cardiac dyspnoea.Methods and resultsWe compared echocardiographic and circulating biomarkers of congestion in 146 patients from the MEDIA‐DHF study: 101 with acute HF (38 HFpEF, 41 HFrEF, 22 HF with mid‐range ejection fraction) and 45 with non‐cardiac dyspnoea. Compared with non‐cardiac dyspnoea, patients with acute HF had larger left and right atria, higher E/e', pulmonary artery systolic pressure and inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter at rest, and lower IVC variability (all P < 0.05). Mid‐regional pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide (MR‐proANP) and soluble CD146 (sCD146), but not B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP), correlated with echocardiographic markers of venous congestion. Despite a lower BNP level, patients with HFpEF had similar evidence of venous congestion (enlarged IVC, left and right atria), RV dysfunction (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion), elevated MR‐proANP and sCD146, and renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate; all P > 0.05) compared with HFrEF.ConclusionIn acute conditions, HFpEF and HFrEF presented in a comparable state of venous congestion, with similarly altered RV and kidney function, despite higher BNP in HFrEF.
Voltammetric Characterisation of Anticancer Drug Irinotecan
Authors: Novak Jovanović Ivana , Komorsky‐Lovrić Šebojka , Lucić Vrdoljak Ana , Popović Aleksandar R. , Neuberg Marijana 
Published: December 2017

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of irinotecan was investigated on a static mercury drop electrode using square‐wave voltammetry. The mechanism of irinotecan electroreduction is a complex, pH‐dependent, quasireversible process and includes the transfer of two electrons and two protons. In acidic medium, the first electron transfer reaction is followed by the chemical reaction, and the product of this chemical reaction undergoes further electrochemical reduction at more negative potentials. Both irinotecan and the product of its reduction adsorb on the mercury electrode surface. Based on the adsorptive character of irinotecan, a new adsorptive stripping square‐wave voltammetric method for its electroanalytical determination has been proposed. The voltammetric response could be used to determine irinotecan in the concentration range from 1×10−7 mol/L to 1.5×10−6 mol/L and from 5×10−9 mol/L to 1.2×10−7 mol/L, if the accumulation time is 20 s and 300 s, respectively. The calculated limit of detection for irinotecan was found to be 8.7×10−9 mol/L (if tacc=300 s).
Extended Investigation of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction in Ethanolamine Solutions by SECM
Authors: Filotás Daniel , Nagy Tibor , Nagy Livia , Mizsey Peter , Nagy Geza 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is very much in the focus of interest today. Intensive research is carried out in leading laboratories trying to work out methods for making useful materials from this unwanted greenhouse gas using solar or wind power generated excess electric energy. In this work, electrochemical reduction experiments are carried out in homemade cells supplied with different metal electrodes. Electrolytes containing carbon dioxide absorbing components like monoethanolamine (MEA) or KHCO3, KOH, and K2CO3 solutions are used. Metal‐containing species were noticed in the used electrolytes after being in contact with the metal working electrodes. Therefore parallel to the electrochemical measurements, the metal components in the electrolyte were checked with atomic absorption methods for getting better insight into the nature of the electrode passivation. This paper attempts to compare the behavior of different electrode materials (copper, nickel) in CO2 capturing media, and investigate of the products of the electrolysis using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and gas chromatography.
Impact of adolescent stress on the expression of stress‐related receptors in the hippocampus of animals exposed to alcohol prenatally
Authors: Raineki Charlis , Ellis Linda , Weinberg Joanne 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMany functions of the hippocampus are affected by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). In particular, dysregulation of the stress response is especially important because individuals with PAE carry increased risks for exposure to stressful environments throughout life. Little is known, though, about how adolescent stress in the context of PAE‐related stress system dysregulation may further alter hippocampal development. Here, we investigate the short‐ and long‐term effects of adolescent chronic mild stress (CMS) on mRNA expression of stress‐related mineralocorticoid (MR), glucocorticoid (GR), and type 1 CRH (CRHR1) receptors in the dorsal and ventral hippocampal formation of PAE and control rats. Our results indicate that PAE affects the expression of stress‐related receptors in the hippocampus; however, PAE effects were more prominent during adolescence, as MR and CRHR1 mRNA expression were altered in both male and female PAE animals, with GR mRNA expression alterations observed only in PAE female. In adulthood, the effects of PAE were restricted to alterations in CRHR1 mRNA expression in females, while there were no effects in males. In contrast, the effects of adolescent CMS were more pronounced in adulthood, long after stress exposure termination. Importantly, PAE animals were less responsive to adolescent CMS, with effects only on CRHR1 in PAE animals compared to the altered MR, GR, and CRHR1 mRNA expression observed in controls. Together, our results show that PAE and adolescent CMS induce dynamic alterations in the expression of stress‐related receptors in the hippocampal formation that manifest differently depending on the age and sex of the animal.
Fresh stillborn and severely asphyxiated neonates share a common hypoxic–ischemic pathway
Authors: Ersdal Hege L. , Eilevstjønn Joar , Linde Jørgen E. , Yeconia Anita , Mduma Estomih R. , Kidanto Hussein , Perlman Jeffrey 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize, among non‐breathing flaccid neonates at delivery, immediate heartrate and responses to ventilation in relation to the clinical diagnosis of fresh stillbirth (FSB) or early neonatal death (END) within 24 hours.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study included all deliveries at Haydom Hospital in rural Tanzania between July 1, 2013, and July 31, 2016. Ventilation parameters and heartrate were recorded by monitors with ventilation and dry‐electrocardiography sensors. Perinatal characteristics were recorded on data forms by trained research assistants.ResultsAmong 12 789 neonates delivered, 915 were ventilated; among ventilated neonates, there were 53 (6%) FSBs and 64 (7%) ENDs. Electrocardiography was used in 46 FSBs and 55 ENDs, and these neonates were included in a subanalysis. Initial heartrate was detected in 27 (59%) of 46 FSBs and 52 (95%) of 55 ENDs, and was lower in FSBs (52 ± 19 vs 76 ± 37 bpm; P=0.003). More ENDs responded to ventilation (53% vs 9%; P<0.001), with heartrate increasing above 100 bpm. Heartrate at ventilation discontinuation was higher among ENDs (115 ± 49 vs 52 ± 33 bpm; P<0.001).ConclusionProgression to FSB or END after intrapartum hypoxia/anoxia is probably part of the same circulatory end‐process. Distinguishing FSB from severely asphyxiated newborns is clinically difficult and probably influences estimated global perinatal mortality rates.