bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying uncertainty in high-resolution remotely sensed topographic surveys for ephemeral gully channel monitoring
Authors: Wells Robert R. , Momm Henrique G. , Castillo Carlos 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Spatio-temporal measurements of landform evolution provide the basis for process-based theory formulation and validation. Over time, field measurements of landforms have increased significantly worldwide, driven primarily by the availability of new surveying technologies. However, there is no standardized or coordinated effort within the scientific community to collect morphological data in a dependable and reproducible manner, specifically when performing long-term small-scale process investigation studies. Measurements of the same site using identical methods and equipment, but performed at different time periods, may lead to incorrect estimates of landform change as a result of three-dimensional registration errors. This work evaluated measurements of an ephemeral gully channel located on agricultural land using multiple independent survey techniques for locational accuracy and their applicability in generating information for model development and validation. Terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry platforms were compared to terrestrial lidar, defined herein as the reference dataset. Given the small scale of the measured landform, the alignment and ensemble equivalence between data sources was addressed through postprocessing. The utilization of ground control points was a prerequisite to three-dimensional registration between datasets and improved the confidence in the morphology information generated. None of the methods were without limitation; however, careful attention to project preplanning and data nature will ultimately guide the temporal efficacy and practicality of management decisions.
Reply to Marsha Familaro Enright: Remembering the “Self” in “Self-ish-ness”
Authors: White Robert 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article is a reply to Marsha Enright's essay “The Problem with Selfishness.” Enright argues that “selfishness” is not the correct designation for living according to the Objectivist ethics. This article defends Rand's use of “selfishness,” on three grounds. First, the self is central to Rand's ethics, because a person must value his self before he can value anything or anyone. Second, immoral people are selfless, because organisms that function at the perceptual level of awareness do not have a self. Third, Rand has identified the exact meaning of “selfishness,” whether or not her definition accords with dictionary definitions.
CICLO DIÁRIO DE VARIÁVEIS METEOROLÓGICAS NOS BIOMAS DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO (METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES DAILY CYCLE IN MATO GROSSO STATE BIOMES)
Authors: Palhana Moreira Patricia Simone , Dallacort Rivanildo , Galvanin Edinéia Aparecida dos Santos , Neves Ronaldo José , Carvalho Marco Antonio Camillo de , Barbieri João Danilo 
Published: July 2017

As variáveis meteorológicas estão entre os fatores que influenciam em todos os setores da sociedade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o ciclo diário de variáveis meteorológicas nos diferentes biomas do estado de Mato Grosso. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de cinco estações meteorológicas, uma no bioma Amazônia; uma no bioma Pantanal; e três em área de transição dos biomas Cerrado-Amazônia, no estado de Mato Grosso. Foram calculadas as frequências de ocorrência de precipitação pluviométrica e a média das variáveis de temperatura e umidade relativa, vento e rajada, com médias de cada hora. Os resultados mostraram que em Diamantino, Tangará da Serra e Barra do Bugres, as ocorrências de chuva tiveram maior frequência entre doze e vinte e três horas, enquanto que em Cáceres e Alta Floresta, apresentaram uma frequência diurna diferente em relação à chuva. Entre zero e onze horas ocorreram 50,09% dos eventos de chuva em Alta Floresta e 44,47% em Cáceres. A temperatura do ar apresentou ciclo diário clássico, com média mais baixa ocorrendo às seis horas e mais alta às quatorze horas, a umidade relativa do ar apresentou comportamento inverso ao da temperatura, o vento e a rajada apresentaram evolução no ciclo diário, altamente correlacionado de forma positiva com a temperatura. O ciclo horário das variáveis foi semelhante entre as estações meteorológicas, com exceção das chuvas.
APLICAÇÃO DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE GUMBEL PARA VALORES EXTREMOS DE PRECIPITAÇÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE VITÓRIA-ES (GUMBEL DISTRIBUTION APPLICATION FOR VALUES OF EXTREME PRECIPITATION IN MUNICIPALITY OF VITÓRIA-ES)
Authors: Cotta Higor Henrique Aranda , Correa Wesley De Souza Campos , Albuquerque Taciana Toledo de Almeida 
Published: July 2017

O presente estudo tem como objetivo modelar através da distribuição de Gumbel para valores extremos, a precipitação máxima mensal, e analisar a precipitação acumulada mensal que atingiu o município de Vitória-ES no período de 1993 - 2012, como subsídio para a prevenção de desastres naturais deflagrados pelas precipitações extremas. Para estimar os parâmetros de locação e escala, foi utilizado o método da máxima verossimilhança e método dos momentos. Também foi aplicado o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Kendall sazonal para verificar a existência de tendência na série de precipitação acumulada mensal. Mediante aos resultados obtidos, não foi verificada a existência de tendência na série de precipitação acumulada mensal. Para as séries de precipitação máxima mensal, o estudo concluiu que os meses de janeiro a junho e de outubro a dezembro apresentam maior probabilidade de ocorrerem chuvas acima de100 mmdiários. Também, confirmou-se que o período mais chuvoso no município ocorre de outubro a março. Os dados de precipitação máxima mensal ajustaram-se plausivelmente a distribuição de Gumbel.
ESTUDOS DE TELECONEXÕES ATMOSFÉRICAS E POSSIBILIDADES DE AVANÇOS NA CLIMATOLOGIA GEOGRÁFICA: CONCEITOS, FONTES DE DADOS E TÉCNICAS (ATMOSPHERIC TELECONNECTIONS RESEARCH AND POSSIBILITIES OF ADVANCES IN WEATHER CONDITIONS GEOGRAPHIC: CONCEPTS, SOURCES AND TECHNIQUES)
Authors: Limberger Leila 
Published: July 2017

RESUMO: A utilização do conceito de teleconexões atmosféricas pela Climatologia Geográfica permite análise do globo como um todo complexo. Isso porque com o conceito de teleconexões compreende-se que alterações na interação oceano-atmosfera podem se deslocar por meio de ondas planetárias e atingir outros locais do globo (por exemplo, o fenômeno El Niño - Oscilação Sul). Para estudos utilizando-se do conceito de teleconexões atmosféricas são necessários dados globais de componentes atmosféricas, que podem ser obtidos a partir de download de conjuntos de dados disponibilizados por centros de pesquisas meteorológicas. Esses dados são interpolados em grades regulares, resultados de reanálises e/ou de modelos numéricos. Há também a disponibilização de softwares gratuitos adequados para o tratamento dos dados, com a possibilidade de utilização de pacotes estatísticos específicos. Dentre as principais vantagens da utilização de dados globais interpolados em grade espacialmente regular estão a possibilidade de espacialização dos dados em escala global, análise de padrões espaciais característicos, a longevidade e ausência de falhas nas séries temporais, o grande número de variáveis atmosféricas disponíveis (no caso dos conjuntos de reanálise) e a consistência temporal e espacial dos dados.
AS CIDADES E A PRECIPITAÇÃO - UMA RELAÇÃO DEMASIADO BRIGUENTA
Authors: Monteiro Ana 
Published: July 2017

A Grande Área Metropolitana do Porto (GAMP) é um excelente testemunho da desvalorização do contexto climático assumida pelos fazedores de tecido urbano nas ultimas três décadas. Apesar das surpresas, frequentemente negativas, com que o sistema climático foi presenteado os cidadãos, estes, continuam a investir muito mais recursos na busca de instrumentos de controlo do que em meios para promover uma convivialidade harmoniosa. Os anos de 2000-01 e 2004-05 são dois exemplos igualmente dramáticos e incompreendidos mas de índole diversa que servem para mostrar como os cidadãos urbanos se relacionam mal com a irregularidade da precipitação. Pretende-se mostrar que enquanto estas expressividades do sistema climático - a precipitação intensa ou a seca - não forem mecanicamente compreendidas dificilmente serão percebidas. E, continuarão a ser desvalorizadas em qualquer processo de decisão (individual ou coletivo). Ao ignorar o sistema climático, o desenho urbano acrescenta vulnerabilidade a uma equação (eventos x vulnerabilidade) onde temos de acreditar que só conseguimos controlar um dos seus termos.
A INFLUÊNCIA DAS VARIAÇÕES TÉRMICAS NOS ACIDENTES LOXOSCÉLICOS EM CURITIBA/PR
Authors: Pinto Leandro Rafael , Mendonça Francisco De Assis , Araújo Wiviany Mattozo 
Published: July 2017

A cada dia as relações entre ambiente e sociedade trazem novas descobertas. Desde o final da década de 80, a cidade de Curitiba vem registrando ano a ano um elevado número de acidentes por animais peçonhentos, especialmente acidentes loxoscélicos tornando-se um problema de saúde pública. As aranhas-marrom deste gênero são influenciadas diretamente pelas variações de temperatura, tanto do ponto de vista de sua locomoção como tambem de sua reprodução. O presente estudo, desenvolvido no campo da Geografia da Saúde, vêm por trazer algumas contribuições para o entendimento da influência da variável temperatura na dsitribuição temporal (sazonal) dos casos de acidentes loxoscélicos em Curitiba nos anos de 2001 a 2007. Utilizou-se os dados colhidos junto a Secretária de Saúde, referente ao total de casos por semana epidemiológica para cada ano. Para a análise temporal, fez-se uso dos dados meteorológicos (temperatura mínima, média e máxima) fornecidos pelo SIMEPAR. O principal resultado encontrado foi a sazonalidade do agravo em relação as variações térmicas anuais e a existência de uma relação direta entre a elevação acima dos 30º C das temperaturas e o aumento dos acidentes. Contudo, faz-se necessário levar os resultados obtidos ao conhecimento das autoridades de saúde como forma de auxiliar no controle deste problema.
Le titre Theotokos dans les débats christologiques du IVe siècle
Authors: Sferlea Gheorghe Ovidiu 
Published: July 2017

Cet article examine les premières tentatives d’interprétation théologique du titre marial Theotokos au IVe siècle. Au coeur de cette histoire on retrouve Apollinaire, évêque de Laodicée et figure importante du camp pro-nicéen, qui a élaboré une théorie controversée sur l’unité du Christ, notamment en excluant l’intellect humain de la constitution du Sauveur. C’est dans le cadre de cette préoccupation plus large qu’il vit l’opportunité de tenter une appropriation théologique du titre Theotokos et qu’il en fit un outil polémique dans la stratégie d’ériger sa propre position en orthodoxie christologique. L’idée que je défends ici est que Diodore de Tarse, Grégoire de Nazianze, Grégoire de Nysse et Théodore de Mopsueste se sont tous confrontés à l’interprétation proposée par Apollinaire et ont cherché les meilleurs moyens d’y réagir.
Information and decision-making needs of psychiatric patients: the perspective of relatives
Authors: Liebherz Sarah , Tlach Lisa , Härter Martin , Dirmaier Jörg 
Published: July 2017

Background
Mental illness may strongly affect relatives’ lives. Therefore, it is important to empower relatives by providing health information according to their preferences.

Methods
An online cross-sectional survey was conducted using a purpose-designed questionnaire on online health information and decision-support needs.

Results
Prevalent reasons for online health information search of the 185 participating relatives were the need for general information and the insufficiency of the information given by the health care provider. The most difficult treatment decisions concerned the treatment setting (inpatient or outpatient) as well as the psychopharmacological treatment.

Discussion
Since psychiatric patients’ relatives report extensive information and decision-support needs, it is essential to address their needs in health information material. Assessment of relatives’ needs when developing health information materials is recommended.
An improved parameterization of the allocation of assimilated carbon to plant parts in vegetation dynamics for Noah‐MP
Authors: Gim Hyeon‐Ju , Park Seon Ki , Kang Minseok , Thakuri Bindu Malla , Kim Joon , Ho Chang‐Hoi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the land surface models predicting vegetation growth and decay, representation of the seasonality of land surface energy and mass fluxes largely depends on how to describe the vegetation dynamics. In this study, we developed a new parameterization scheme to characterize allocation of the assimilated carbon to plant parts, including leaves and fine roots. The amount of carbon allocation in this scheme depends on the climatological net primary production (NPP) of the plants. The newly developed scheme is implemented in the augmented Noah land surface model with multiple parameterization options (Noah‐MP) along with other biophysical processes related to variations in photosynthetic capacity. The scheme and the augmented biophysical processes are evaluated against tower measurements of vegetation from four forest sites in various regions—two for the deciduous broadleaf and two for the needleleaf evergreen forest. Results from the augmented Noah‐MP showed good agreement with the observations and demonstrated improvements in representing the seasonality of leaf area index (LAI), gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and latent heat flux. In particular, significant improvements are found in simulating amplitudes and phase shift timing in the LAI seasonal cycle, and the amount of GPP and ER in the growing season. Furthermore, the augmented Noah‐MP performed reasonably well in simulating the spatial distributions of LAI, GPP, and NPP in East Asia, consistent with the satellite observations.
Fracture network created by 3‐D printer and its validation using CT images
Authors: Suzuki Anna , Watanabe Noriaki , Li Kewen , Horne Roland N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUnderstanding flow mechanisms in fractured media is essential for geoscientific research and geological development industries. This study used 3‐D printed fracture networks in order to control the properties of fracture distributions inside the sample. The accuracy and appropriateness of creating samples by the 3‐D printer was investigated by using a X‐ray CT scanner. The CT scan images suggest that the 3‐D printer is able to reproduce complex three‐dimensional spatial distributions of fracture networks. Use of hexane after printing was found to be an effective way to remove wax for the posttreatment. Local permeability was obtained by the cubic law and used to calculate the global mean. The experimental value of the permeability was between the arithmetic and geometric means of the numerical results, which is consistent with conventional studies. This methodology based on 3‐D printed fracture networks can help validate existing flow modeling and numerical methods.
Realization of Quasi‐Omnidirectional Solar Cells with Superior Electrical Performance by All‐Solution‐Processed Si Nanopyramids
Authors: Zhong Sihua , Wang Wenjie , Tan Miao , Zhuang Yufeng , Shen Wenzhong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLarge‐scale (156 mm × 156 mm) quasi‐omnidirectional solar cells are successfully realized and featured by keeping high cell performance over broad incident angles (θ), via employing Si nanopyramids (SiNPs) as surface texture. SiNPs are produced by the proposed metal‐assisted alkaline etching method, which is an all‐solution‐processed method and highly simple together with cost‐effective. Interestingly, compared to the conventional Si micropyramids (SiMPs)‐textured solar cells, the SiNPs‐textured solar cells possess lower carrier recombination and thus superior electrical performances, showing notable distinctions from other Si nanostructures‐textured solar cells. Furthermore, SiNPs‐textured solar cells have very little drop of quantum efficiency with increasing θ, demonstrating the quasi‐omnidirectional characteristic. As an overall result, both the SiNPs‐textured homojunction and heterojunction solar cells possess higher daily electric energy production with a maximum relative enhancement approaching 2.5%, when compared to their SiMPs‐textured counterparts. The quasi‐omnidirectional solar cell opens a new opportunity for photovoltaics to produce more electric energy with a low cost.
Utilizing Co2+/Co3+ Redox Couple in P2‐Layered Na0.66Co0.22Mn0.44Ti0.34O2 Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Qin‐Chao , Hu Enyuan , Pan Yang , Xiao Na , Hong Fan , Fu Zheng‐Wen , Wu Xiao‐Jing , Bak Seong‐Min , Yang Xiao‐Qing , Zhou Yong‐Ning 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDeveloping sodium‐ion batteries for large‐scale energy storage applications is facing big challenges of the lack of high‐performance cathode materials. Here, a series of new cathode materials Na0.66CoxMn0.66–xTi0.34O2 for sodium‐ion batteries are designed and synthesized aiming to reduce transition metal‐ion ordering, charge ordering, as well as Na+ and vacancy ordering. An interesting structure change of Na0.66CoxMn0.66–xTi0.34O2 from orthorhombic to hexagonal is revealed when Co content increases from x = 0 to 0.33. In particular, Na0.66Co0.22Mn0.44Ti0.34O2 with a P2‐type layered structure delivers a reversible capacity of 120 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. When the current density increases to 10 C, a reversible capacity of 63.2 mAh g−1 can still be obtained, indicating a promising rate capability. The low valence Co2+ substitution results in the formation of average Mn3.7+ valence state in Na0.66Co0.22Mn0.44Ti0.34O2, effectively suppressing the Mn3+‐induced Jahn–Teller distortion, and in turn stabilizing the layered structure. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy results suggest that the charge compensation of Na0.66Co0.22Mn0.44Ti0.34O2 during charge/discharge is contributed by Co2.2+/Co3+ and Mn3.3+/Mn4+ redox couples. This is the first time that the highly reversible Co2+/Co3+ redox couple is observed in P2‐layered cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries. This finding may open new approaches to design advanced intercalation‐type cathode materials.
Prospects use of hybrid layered double hydroxides‐polyacrylamide as controlled release media for antibiotic molecules
Authors: Allou N'guadi Blaise , Bordoloi Palakshi , Goswamee Rajib Lochan 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTSome controlled‐release media containing two commercial antibiotic molecules, viz. Amoxicillin (AMX) and Ampicillin (AMP), were prepared using layered double hydroxides (LDH) intercalated and extended by polyacrylamide. The polycarylamide was prepared in situ by polymerization of acrylamide monomer intercalated in the interlayers of LDH. The LDH‐polyacrylamide‐antibiotic hybrid nanocomposites were characterized by various techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). The results from these characterizations have shown the successful incorporation of the antibiotics in the interlayers and provided important information regarding their interlayer structure. The nanocomposites showed increased thermal stability in TGA. The loading of antibiotic in the PAM/Mg‐Al nanocomposite was found to be 36.33% for AMX and 52.38% for AMP. The improved antibacterial activity of hybrid nanocomposite was evaluated against Escherichia coli using the wells diffusion technique. The aliquot samples in agar media drug release study were found to be highly effective against microorganisms. The sustained release of antibiotic drug from the hybrid nanocomposite was also verified. The release rate at pH 7.4 phosphate buffer was found slower than that at pH 4.6. It can be concluded that hybrid nanocomposites of LDH extended by in situ polymerized acrylamide are very suitable materials to host different antibiotics and their controlled release. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45442.
Black Scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus) Hemopoiesis: Analysis by Flow Cytometry and Light Microscopy
Authors: Andreyeva Aleksandra Y. , Soldatov Aleksander A. , Kukhareva Tatiana A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTCell suspensions of head kidney and spleen of black scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus L.) have been studied using flow cytometry and light microscopy. On the basis of forward scatter (FS) and side scatter (SS) distribution and light microscopy, two main types of cells in the hemopoietic organs were identified: “small cells” (5.1–8.9 µm) and “large cells” (10.8–15.3 µm). Subpopulation of small cells was formed by thrombocytes, lymphocytes, and elements with functionally inactive nuclei. Euchromatin level in their nuclei was low and acidophilic cytoplasm corresponded to negligible nucleic acids content. No proliferative activity was observed using SYBR Green I fluorescence analysis. Morphological characteristics of these cells coincided with colony forming units of mammals. Large cells in head kidney consisted of two subpopulations of cells differing in granularity and DNA content. Proliferating blast cells and differentiating cells of all hemopoietic lines were identified among them. Macrophages and apoptotic cells were also detected in head kidney. In spleen large cells cluster mainly included aged red blood cells with extended lengthwise axis. Blast cells and differentiating elements in spleen were not observed. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1993–1999, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clarification of the Terminology of the Olfactory Lamellae in Chondrichthyes
Authors: Ferrando Sara , Gallus Lorenzo , Ghigliotti Laura , Amaroli Andrea , Abbas Ghulam , Vacchi Marino 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTSeveral papers regard the anatomy of the peripheral olfactory organ, the olfactory rosette, in the class of Chondrichtyes. The complex shape of this organ and the differences among species give clues to functional, evolutionary, and ecological observations; data on a larger number of species are needed in order to have a more complete insight. The rosette is made up of a central support and of numerous lamellae, which are lined by the sensory epithelium. The size, shape and number of these lamellae, which are highly variable among species, are noteworthy because they affect the sensory surface area, the water dynamic within the olfactory chamber, and the organization of the olfactory bulb. In the literature about Chondrichthyes, the definition of olfactory lamella is confused, because authors use the same words for different structures. The average number of lamellae is distinctive for each species, and the meaning of this difference is not completely understood and, in this frame, a not unambiguous definition of lamella leads to difficulties in comparing data from different publications and analyzing them together. We aim to give here an unambiguous definition of olfactory lamella, that should be each single fold of tissue extending from the raphe, and of lamellar number of a given species, that should be the average number of lamellae in one olfactory organ. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:2039–2045, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.