bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Level of eye healthcare utilisation and associated factors in Gamo and Gofa Zones, Southern Ethiopia: a community-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Alemu Tsegaye , Seyum Dawit , Gebre Mulate , Sisay Alemayehu , Sorato Mende Mensa 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveAbout 90% of eye health problems are preventable or curable with existing cost-effective interventions. There is limited evidence on eye healthcare utilisation (ECU) and the factors influencing it in the study area. This study aimed to determine the level of ECU and the associated factors in Southern Ethiopia.DesignA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Southern Ethiopia from 1 June to 15 July 2023. Data were analysed using SPSS V.27.SettingTwo selected districts (Dita and Uba Debretsehay) in Southern Ethiopia.ParticipantsPermanent residents living in randomly selected kebeles.Outcome measureThe level of ECU was the outcome measure. A binary logistic regression model was used to check the association between explanatory variables and the dependent variable. To avoid many variables and unstable estimates and to control for possible confounders in the subsequent model, only variables that reached a p value of less than 0.25 on binary analysis were used in the multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors independently associated with ECU.Results992 respondents participated in this study, with a response rate of 95.4%. The prevalence of ECU within the past 2 years was 21.6% (95% CI 19.0, 24.3). The reported barriers to ECU were lack of awareness (123, 40.6%) and lack of money (58, 19.2%). Age <30 years (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.7; 95% CI 1.5, 4.6), being male (AOR=2.2; 95% CI 1.4, 3.6), shorter travel time (AOR=2.0; 95% CI 1.3, 3.1), undergoing regular vision check-ups (AOR=5.4; 95% CI 3.47, 8.37), history of eye diseases (AOR=4.8; 95% CI 2.5, 9.1) and having trichiasis (AOR=1.5; 95% CI 1.1, 2.3) were positively associated with eye care service utilisation. Low wealth quantile (AOR=0.62; 95% CI 0.39, 0.98) and poor knowledge (AOR=0.26; 95% CI 0.16, 0.44) were negatively associated with eye care service utilisation.ConclusionsThe ECU within the past 2 years was a quarter. Socioeconomic factors, disease-related factors and respondent knowledge are independently associated with ECU. Designing strategies that can improve the capacity of healthcare facilities and patient awareness is important in order to reduce barriers and improve service utilisation. Researchers interested in working in the area should focus on community-specific approaches that can improve community health literacy by using stronger study designs.
Comparative effects of behaviour change techniques using eHealth and mHealth in promoting dietary behaviour: protocol for a systematic review and component network meta-analysis
Authors: Fukuda Takafumi , Matsuura Nozomi , Noma Hisashi , Mihara Takahiro 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionGlobally, it is estimated that dietary habits contribute to 22% of adult deaths and 15% of disability-adjusted life years, highlighting the critical role of dietary behaviour in public health. Despite the known benefits of healthy eating, many individuals find it challenging to change their diet for disease prevention. eHealth and mHealth interventions using behaviour change techniques (BCTs) have emerged as promising strategies to address this issue. However, the specific BCTs that are most effective in promoting dietary behaviour are not well established. This systematic review and component network meta-analysis (CNMA) aims to estimate the effect size of each BCT on fostering healthy eating.Methods and analysisWe will include randomised controlled trials that assess the effects of eHealth and mHealth interventions on promoting changes in dietary behaviours among healthy adults. Studies with a minimum follow-up period of 3 weeks will be considered. Searches will be conducted in MEDLINE [PubMed], Embase [Dialogue], Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycInfo [Dialogue], ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry on 27 January 2024. Two independent reviewers will conduct title and abstract screening followed by a full-text review. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion or consultation with a third reviewer. The primary outcome is dietary behaviour, as measured by changes in the diet quality score and the intake of a specific food. Our data synthesis will apply a frequentist random-effects model for pairwise meta-analysis, network meta-analysis and an additive CNMA model to compute the effect size of each BCT. This methodological approach will reveal the positive and negative effects of each BCT and provide a ranking of these techniques, considering both direct and indirect evidence.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this systematic review because it uses existing published data. These results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The current protocol was submitted to PROSPERO on 16 January 2024 (CRD 42024502217).
Analysis of factors associated with public attitudes towards salt reduction: a multicountry cross-sectional survey
Authors: Tanoue Yuta , Rauniyar Santosh Kumar , Uchibori Manae , Ghaznavi Cyrus , Tomoi Hana , Ueta Mami , Prommas Prapichaya , Cao Alton , Yoneoka Daisuke , Kawashima Takayuki , Eguchi Akifumi , Nomura Shuhei 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThis paper provides an in-depth examination of public attitudes towards salt reduction across seven culturally diverse countries: the USA, the UK, France, Japan, Indonesia, Thailand, and Brazil.DesignCross-sectional regression analysis with questionnaire data.SettingAn analysis of questionnaire study in seven countries.ParticipantsThe study’s questionnaire collected responses from 7090 participants across seven countries with the mean age of respondents being 46.06 years (SD 16.96). The gender distribution encompassed 3473 men (49.12%), 3582 women (50.66%), 24 non-binary individuals (0.34%) and 11 who identified as ‘other’ (0.16%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresAttitudes toward sodium reduction were measured on a seven-point Likert scale.ResultsRegression analysis revealed significant associations between attitudes towards sodium reduction and various factors across countries. Gender was a significant factor in France, with women showing less awareness than men (coefficient −0.123, 95% CI −0.237 to −0.008). Age was a significant factor in Japan and Thailand, with older generations exhibiting stronger awareness. Occupation was a significant factor in France (grocery, 0.678, 0.229 to 1.127) and Japan (food service, 0.792, 0.300 to 1.283). In France (0.090, 0.033 to 0.146) and Brazil (0.092, 0.040 to 0.144), attitudes towards reducing sugar intake were positively associated with sodium reduction attitudes. Government interventions showed varying impacts, with positive associations in Thailand (0.004, 0.001 to 0.008) and negative associations in France (−0.003 –0.005 to −0.000).ConclusionOur study reveals a complex array of factors shaping attitudes towards sodium reduction across seven countries. These findings support the need for nuanced, country-specific approaches in formulating sodium reduction strategies. Future research should validate these findings, explore further determinants and understand how attitudes translate into dietary behaviours.
Cryptosporidiosis in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Liu Belinda , Schnider Alexander , DeArmond Megan , Banach David B , Haubrich Brad A 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionCryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea globally, and, while it is often self-limited, in immunocompromised individuals, the infection can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis might be missed or delayed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to similar presentation, and these patients may also be on immunosuppressive therapies, increasing their risk of infection. Additionally, gastrointestinal infection and dysbiosis may be a risk factor for IBD. Diagnosis, presentation and treatment of cryptosporidiosis in individuals with IBD, as well as any epidemiologic correlations between the two diseases, will be investigated.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Dissertations and Theses Global and grey literature will be searched. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews was used for the protocol and will be for the review. Two reviewers will independently screen studies and extract data. The evidence and presentation of the results will be analysed with input from the review team. Studies of cryptosporidiosis in patients with IBD will be included. Paediatric, adolescent and adult studies in all patient environments will be included. Cases in which Crohn’s disease does not affect the intestine and cases in which cryptosporidial infection is not in the intestine will be excluded.Ethics and disseminationPublished clinical literature will be systematically reviewed, and this work does not directly involve patients. Consequently, ethical review by an institutional review board is not required. Data will be presented at academic conferences, and a culminating report will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Open Science Framework registrationhttps://osf.io/j47mb.
Impact of primary care and public health integration of chronic conditions in China: a protocol for a prospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Qing Hua , Huang Yang-Zhen , Yang En , Wei Yi-Lin , Wang Chun-ying , Dong Heng , Song Jia , Tang Shangfeng 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThe prevalence of chronic conditions is increasing. Given that the majority of chronic patients are managed by primary healthcare providers, there is a need to integrate primary care with public health to address the prevailing situation and enhance patient outcomes. The purpose of this study is to establish, implement and evaluate an integrated primary care and public health model in China for patients with chronic conditions.MethodsThis prospective, multicentre and observational study will be conducted at 12 township hospitals on patients (n=7200) diagnosed with chronic conditions (hypertensive, diabetic or stroke). Participants were divided into two groups: pilot areas and mainstream areas follow-up groups. The primary outcome will be the difference in the proportion of controlled chronic conditions among the two groups. Secondary outcomes will be the differences in mean change in diastolic and systolic blood pressures, fasting glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride, death from any cause and participant-reported physical and psychological health status.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. We plan to publish the results of this study in a peer-reviewed journal article.
Psychometric validation of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale Revised (CRBS-R) for hybrid delivery
Authors: Grace Sherry L , Ghanbari Mahdieh , Cruz Mayara Moura Alves da , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos Marques , Ghisi Gabriela Lima de Melo 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo test the measurement properties of the revised version of the English Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS-R), suitable for hybrid delivery, structural validity, internal reliability, as well as face, cross-cultural, construct and criterion validity were assessed.DesignCross-sectional study, where participants completed an online survey via Qualtrics (2023–2024).SettingMulticentre, with cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programmes recruiting patients globally; most patients stemmed from a hybrid programme in Iran and supervised programme in Brazil.ParticipantsParticipants include inpatients or outpatients with a cardiovascular diagnosis or procedure that is indicated for participation in CR.MeasuresIn addition to sociodemographic and CR use items, the 21-item CRBS-R was administered. It assesses multilevel barriers and was revised based on a literature review. Responses range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater barriers.Results235 patients participated from all 6 WHO regions. Items were rated as highly applicable, and open-ended responses revealing no key barriers were omitted, supporting face and cross-cultural validity. Cronbach’s α for the total CRBS-R was 0.82. Principal components analysis resulted in the extraction of 4 components, which collectively accounted for 60.5% of the variance and were all internally consistent. Construct validity was supported by associations of total CRBS scores with work status (p=0.04), exercise history (p=0.01) and social support (p=0.03). Total CRBS-R scores were significantly lower in patients who were referred and enrolled versus those who were not (both p≤0.01), confirming criterion validity.ConclusionsThe CRBS-R is a reliable and valid scale comprising four subscales, applicable to hybrid CR across diverse settings. It can serve as a valuable tool to support identification of patient’s CR barriers, to optimise secondary prevention utilisation globally.
First-in-human clinical outcomes with NG-350A, an anti-CD40 expressing tumor-selective vector designed to remodel immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments
Authors: Naing Aung , Khalil Danny , Rosen Oliver , Camidge D Ross , Lillie Tom , Ji Rui-Ru , Stacey Andrea , Thomas Matthew , Rosen Lee 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundTumor-selective oncolytic viral vectors are promising anticancer therapeutics; however, challenges with dosing and potency in advanced/metastatic cancers have limited efficacy and usage. NG-350A is a next-generation blood-stable adenoviral vector engineered to express an agonist anti-cluster of differentiation (CD)40 antibody without affecting tumor-selectivity and oncolytic potency.MethodsIntravenous and intratumoral (IT) administration of NG-350A was assessed in a phase Ia/Ib study in patients with metastatic/advanced epithelial tumors (NCT03852511). Dose-escalation was performed separately for intravenous (four dose levels available, each with infusions on Days 1, 3 and 5 of a 57-day treatment period) and IT (single injection on D1 only or injections on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22) administration. The primary objective was safety and tolerability; secondary objectives included determining a recommended dose, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity.ResultsIn total, 25 heavily pretreated patients received NG-350A (16 with intravenous and 9 with IT administration). Intravenous and IT dosing were both well tolerated, with no evidence of transgene-related or off-target viral toxicity. Intravenous and IT dosing resulted in dose-dependent increases in systemic NG-350A Cmax. Despite both routes of administration inducing anti-virus antibodies, sustained persistence of NG-350A in blood samples was observed up to 7 weeks after the last dose, particularly with higher intravenous dose levels. Delivery of NG-350A to tumors was demonstrated in biopsy samples following both routes of administration; a dose-dependent pattern was seen with intravenous infusion, with four patients remaining positive for vector DNA in biopsies at Day 57. Transgene messenger RNA from replicating NG-350A was detected in 5/12 patients with intravenous treatment and 1/9 patients with IT injection, and sustained increases in inflammatory cytokines were observed following dosing, particularly with higher intravenous dose levels.ConclusionsThis phase 1a study provided initial proof-of-mechanism for NG-350A, with strong evidence of tumor delivery, viral replication and transgene expression—particularly after intravenous dosing. The lack of transgene-related or off-target viral toxicity was consistent with the highly selective delivery and replication of NG-350A, even after systemic delivery. The efficacy of intravenous-dosed NG-350A will now be evaluated in combination with pembrolizumab (NCT05165433), as well as with chemoradiotherapy (NCT06459869).Trial registration numberNCT05165433,NCT06459869.
Challenge of cardiovascular prevention in primary care: achievement of lifestyle, blood pressure, lipids and diabetes targets for primary prevention in England – results from ASPIRE-3-PREVENT cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kotseva Kornelia , Jennings Catriona , Bassett Paul , Adamska Agnieszka , Hobbs Richard , Wood David 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundImplementation of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention guidelines in the UK has been repeatedly evaluated under the auspices of the British Cardiovascular Society in three Action on Secondary and Primary Prevention by Intervention to Reduce Events (ASPIRE) surveys in 1994–1995, 2008–2010 and 2017–2019. The primary care arm of ASPIRE-2-PREVENT (A-3-P) was conducted to evaluate lifestyle and medical risk factor management in people at high risk of atherosclerotic CVD in everyday clinical practice.MethodsA-3-P was a cross-sectional survey in 27 general practices and health centres across 5 English National Health Service regions. Patients with no history of atherosclerotic CVD started on blood pressure and/or lipid and/or glucose lowering treatments were identified retrospectively and interviewed at least 6 months after the initiation of medication.Results557 patients attended the interview and examination (45.8% women; mean age 61.7±10.8 years). The risk factor control was poor: 9.3% of patients were smokers, 38.1% obese (body mass index≥30 kg/m2) and 53.5% centrally obese (waist circumference≥88 cm for women, ≥102 cm for men). Only 37.8% of patients on blood pressure-lowering therapies achieved the target of<140/90 mm Hg. Among treated dyslipidaemic patients, 59.5% reached the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol target of <2.6 mmol/L. 62% of patients with self-reported diabetes mellitus attained the glycated haemoglobin target of <7.0%.ConclusionThe results of A-3-P survey show that large proportions of people at high CVD risk have poor control of lifestiles and medical risk factors. There is considerable potential to raise the standards of preventive cardiology care by providing comprehensive, multidisciplinary prevention programmes addressing all aspects of risk factor management to reduce the total risk of future CVD.
Classical mechanics in noncommutative spaces: confinement and more
Authors: Kupriyanov Vladislav , Kurkov Maxim , Sharapov Alexey 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe consider a semi-classical approximation to the dynamics of a point particle in a noncommutative space. In this approximation, the noncommutativity of space coordinates is described by a Poisson bracket. For linear Poisson brackets, the corresponding phase space is given by the cotangent bundle of a Lie group, with the Lie group playing the role of a curved momentum space. We show that the curvature of the momentum space may lead to rather unexpected physical phenomena such as an upper bound on the velocity of a free nonrelativistic particle, bounded motion for repulsive central force, and no-fall-into-the-centre for attractive Coulomb potential. We also consider a superintegrable Hamiltonian for the Kepler problem in 3-space with $$\mathfrak {su}(2)$$

su
(
2
)

noncommutativity. The leading correction to the equations of motion due to noncommutativity is shown to be described by an effective monopole potential.
Consistency as the Currency in Psychological Measures: A Reliability Generalization Meta‐Analysis of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K‐10 and K‐6)
Authors: Wojujutari Ajele Kenni , Idemudia Erhabor Sunday 
Published: October 2024

Background: Psychological distress is a critical concern in mental health, significantly impacting the quality of life across lifespan. Reliable and culturally adaptable assessment tools are essential for effective diagnosis and intervention. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scales (K‐10 and K‐6) are widely used for their efficiency and psychometric strength, but the reliability of K‐10 and K‐6 across different populations and settings remains to be determined.Objective: This study aims to evaluate the reliability generalization (RG) of the K‐10 and K‐6 scales across diverse demographic and cultural contexts, providing a comprehensive meta‐analysis of their performance.Method: A RG meta‐analysis was conducted using data from peer‐reviewed articles published between 2002 and 2024, sourced from databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The analysis included 48 studies that reported reliability measures like Cronbach’s α, focusing on the psychometric properties of the scales across various populations and settings.Results: The meta‐analysis revealed high internal consistency for both the K‐10 (mean α = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.88, 0.91]) and K‐6 (mean α = 0.84, 95% CI [0.80, 0.88]) scales. Reliability varied across different populations and languages. For the K‐10, the highest reliability was found among adolescents (α = 0.93) and carers (α = 0.91). The K‐10 demonstrated exceptional reliability in settings such as Australia (α = 0.97) and significant variability in Tanzania (α = 0.78). The K‐6 scale showed high reliability among outpatients (α = 0.89) and the general population (α = 0.87). The scales were adapted into multiple languages, including English, Chinese, Swahili, Farsi, Indonesian, Japanese, Hindi, and Portuguese, reflecting their global applicability and adaptability.Conclusion: The Kessler Psychological Distress Scales (K‐10 and K‐6) are reliable tools for measuring psychological distress in general and clinical populations. Their high reliability and adaptability across diverse settings highlight their value in clinical practice and research. These findings support the continued use and adaptation of these scales in global mental health assessments, emphasizing the importance of cultural and linguistic considerations.
Predictive Value of Inflammatory Indicators on the Efficacy of Preoperative Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Jin Zechuan , Zhou Dan , Yang TingHan , Wang Ziqiang 
Published: October 2024

Objective: To investigate the relationship between peripheral blood neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte‐to‐C‐reactive‐protein ratio (LCR), and monocyte‐to‐leukocyte ratio (MWR) and the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer before and after chemotherapy.Methods: Seventeen rectal cancer patients who underwent NAC at West China Hospital of Sichuan University from March 31, 2022, to April 30, 2024, were selected as the study subjects, and the predictive value of peripheral blood NLR, LMR, PLR, LCR, and MWR were included in the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis for the pathological efficacy, and the significant variables were screened out and the nomogram was constructed from them. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was applied to evaluate the predictive performance of the model.Results: LASSO regression screened three predictive variables of NLR, LMR and LCR before neoadjuvant therapy that could predict pathological complete remission (pCR), as well as changes in PLR, LCR, and MWR after neoadjuvant therapy that could predict chemotherapy inefficacy. Nomograms and DCA curves were drawn based on the variables, and internal validation showed that the model had good predictive ability.Conclusion: The comprehensive hematological prediction model for effective NAC in rectal cancer has a good predictive ability for NAC efficacy, which can provide guidance for individualized patient treatment.