bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines on Otologic and Audiologic Screening for Patients With Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Sweeney Alex D , Carlson Matthew L , Shepard Neil T , McCracken D Jay , Vivas Esther X , Neff Brian A , Olson Jeffrey J 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

QUESTION 1
What is the expected diagnostic yield for vestibular schwannomas when using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate patients with previously published definitions of asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss?

TARGET POPULATION
These recommendations apply to adults with an asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss on audiometric testing.

RECOMMENDATION
Level 3: On the basis of an audiogram, it is recommended that MRI screening on patients with ≥10 decibels (dB) of interaural difference at 2 or more contiguous frequencies or ≥15 dB at 1 frequency be pursued to minimize the incidence of undiagnosed vestibular schwannomas. However, selectively screening patients with ≥15 dB of interaural difference at 3000 Hz alone may minimize the incidence of MRIs performed that do not diagnose a vestibular schwannoma.

QUESTION 2
What is the expected diagnostic yield for vestibular schwannomas when using an MRI to evaluate patients with asymmetric tinnitus, as defined as either purely unilateral tinnitus or bilateral tinnitus with subjective asymmetry?

TARGET POPULATION
These recommendations apply to adults with subjective complaints of asymmetric tinnitus.

RECOMMENDATION
Level 3: It is recommended that MRI be used to evaluate patients with asymmetric tinnitus. However, this practice is low yielding in terms of vestibular schwannoma diagnosis (<1%).

QUESTION 3
What is the expected diagnostic yield for vestibular schwannomas when using an MRI to evaluate patients with a sudden sensorineural hearing loss?

TARGET POPULATION
These recommendations apply to adults with a verified sudden sensorineural hearing loss on an audiogram.

RECOMMENDATION
Level 3: It is recommended that MRI be used to evaluate patients with a sudden sensorineural hearing loss. However, this practice is low yielding in terms of vestibular schwannoma diagnosis (<3%).
The full guideline can be found at: https://www.cns.org/guidelines/guidelines-management-patients-vestibular-schwannoma/chapter_2.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines on Intraoperative Cranial Nerve Monitoring in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery
Authors: Vivas Esther X , Carlson Matthew L , Neff Brian A , Shepard Neil T , McCracken D Jay , Sweeney Alex D , Olson Jeffrey J 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

FACIAL NERVE MONITORING

Question 1
Does intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during vestibular schwannoma surgery lead to better long-term facial nerve function?

Target Population
This recommendation applies to adult patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery regardless of tumor characteristics.

Recommendation
Level 3: It is recommended that intraoperative facial nerve monitoring be routinely utilized during vestibular schwannoma surgery to improve long-term facial nerve function.

Question 2
Can intraoperative facial nerve monitoring be used to accurately predict favorable long-term facial nerve function after vestibular schwannoma surgery?

Target Population
This recommendation applies to adult patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery.

Recommendation
Level 3: Intraoperative facial nerve can be used to accurately predict favorable long-term facial nerve function after vestibular schwannoma surgery. Specifically, the presence of favorable testing reliably portends a good long-term facial nerve outcome. However, the absence of favorable testing in the setting of an anatomically intact facial nerve does not reliably predict poor long-term function and therefore cannot be used to direct decision-making regarding the need for early reinnervation procedures.

Question 3
Does an anatomically intact facial nerve with poor electromyogram (EMG) electrical responses during intraoperative testing reliably predict poor long-term facial nerve function?

Target Population
This recommendation applies to adult patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery.

Recommendation
Level 3: Poor intraoperative EMG electrical response of the facial nerve should not be used as a reliable predictor of poor long-term facial nerve function.

COCHLEAR NERVE MONITORING

Question 4
Should intraoperative eighth cranial nerve monitoring be used during vestibular schwannoma surgery?

Target Population
This recommendation applies to adult patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery with measurable preoperative hearing levels and tumors smaller than 1.5 cm.

Recommendation
Level 3: Intraoperative eighth cranial nerve monitoring should be used during vestibular schwannoma surgery when hearing preservation is attempted.

Question 5
Is direct monitoring of the eighth cranial nerve superior to the use of far-field auditory brain stem responses?

Target Population
This recommendation applies to adult patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery with measurable preoperative hearing levels and tumors smaller than 1.5 cm.

Recommendation
Level 3: There is insufficient evidence to make a definitive recommendation.
The full guideline can be found at: https://www.cns.org/guidelines/guidelines-manage-ment-patients-vestibular-schwannoma/chapter_4.
Variability and Lack of Prognostic Value Associated With Atypical Pituitary Adenoma Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Critical Assessment of the Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Chesney Kelsi , Memel Zoe , Pangal Dhiraj J , Donoho Daniel , Hurth Kyle , Mathew Anna , Carmichael John D , Zada Gabriel 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Atypical pituitary adenomas (APAs) are a subset of pituitary adenomas (PAs) characterized by the 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines to have higher risk histopathological features than typical PAs. In July 2017, the WHO published an update to their classification of pituitary tumors and abandoned the APA terminology.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence and outcomes of patients diagnosed with APA through a literature review. Focus was placed on variation in the application of the previous WHO criteria and on rates of recurrence.

METHODS
A systematic review of PubMed (2004-July 2017) was performed to identify studies reporting prevalence and clinical characteristics/outcomes of APA. Eight studies were analyzed for prevalence. Six studies reporting histopathological details were analyzed in depth.

RESULTS
Of the 7105 included patients, 373 (5.2%) met criteria for APA (prevalence range: 3%-15%). Only 2 of 8 studies utilized identical grading criteria, demonstrating a lack of standardized application. Most APAs (84%) were macroadenomas, with 52% invasive on magnetic resonance imaging. Nonfunctional PAs were most common (37%), followed by prolactinomas (23%) and Growth Hormone adenomas (21%). Recurrence/progression occurred in 21% of APA patients (follow-up range 37-75 mo). Only 2 of 8 studies reported an association between APA diagnosis and recurrence/progression.

CONCLUSION
Based on diagnostic variability and lack of association with clinical outcomes, refinement of criteria for APA was necessary. The WHO update eliminates the ambiguity in APA diagnosis in favor of criteria that emphasize clinical behavior (invasion, recurrence, and resistance to treatment) and molecular markers. Our review supports abandonment of the previous APA designation due to limited prognostic utility.
Differential Reanimation of the Midface and Lower Face Using the Masseteric and Hypoglossal Nerves for Facial Paralysis
Authors: Yoshioka Nobutaka 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hypoglossal nerve transfer is frequently employed to reanimate the paralyzed facial muscles after irreversible proximal facial nerve injury. However, it can cause significant postoperative synkinesis because it involves the reinnervation of the whole mimetic musculature using a single motor source.

OBJECTIVE
To describe our experience with differential reanimation of the midface and lower face using separate motor sources in patients with short-term facial paralysis after brain surgery.

METHODS
Seven patients underwent combined nerve transfer (the masseteric nerve to the zygomatic branch and the hypoglossal nerve to the cervicofacial division of the facial nerve) and cross-facial nerve grafting with the aim of achieving a spontaneous smile. The median duration of paralysis before surgery was 7 mo and follow-up ranged from 7 to 31 mo (mean: 18 mo). For evaluation, both physical examination and video analysis were performed.

RESULTS
In all patients, reanimation of both the midface and the lower face was successful. A nearly symmetrical resting lip was achieved in all patients, and they were able to voluntarily elevate the corners of their mouths without visible synkinesis and to close their eyes while biting. No patient experienced impairment of masticatory function or tongue atrophy.

CONCLUSION
Differential reanimation of the midface and lower face with the masseteric and hypoglossal nerves is an alternative method that helps to minimize synkinetic mass movement and morbidity at the donor site.
The first-year shear catalog of the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Survey
Authors: Mandelbaum Rachel , Miyatake Hironao , Hamana Takashi , Oguri Masamune , Simet Melanie , Armstrong Robert , Bosch James , Murata Ryoma , Lanusse François , Leauthaud Alexie , Coupon Jean , More Surhud , Takada Masahiro , Miyazaki Satoshi , Speagle Joshua S , Shirasaki Masato , Sifón Cristóbal , Huang Song , Nishizawa Atsushi J , Medezinski Elinor , Okura Yuki , Okabe Nobuhiro , Czakon Nicole , Takahashi Ryuichi , Coulton William R , Hikage Chiaki , Komiyama Yutaka , Lupton Robert H , Strauss Michael A , Tanaka Masayuki , Utsumi Yousuke 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We present and characterize the catalog of galaxy shape measurements that will be used for cosmological weak lensing measurements in the Wide layer of the first year of the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. The catalog covers an area of 136.9 deg2 split into six fields, with a mean i-band seeing of 0${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$58 and 5σ point-source depth of i ∼ 26. Given conservative galaxy selection criteria for first-year science, the depth and excellent image quality results in unweighted and weighted source number densities of 24.6 and 21.8 arcmin−2, respectively. We define the requirements for cosmological weak lensing science with this catalog, then focus on characterizing potential systematics in the catalog using a series of internal null tests for problems with point-spread function (PSF) modeling, shear estimation, and other aspects of the image processing. We find that the PSF models narrowly meet requirements for weak lensing science with this catalog, with fractional PSF model size residuals of approximately 0.003 (requirement: 0.004) and the PSF model shape correlation function ρ1 &lt; 3 × 10−7 (requirement: 4 × 10−7) at 0${^{\circ}_{.}}$5 scales. A variety of galaxy shape-related null tests are statistically consistent with zero, but star–galaxy shape correlations reveal additive systematics on &gt;1° scales that are sufficiently large as to require mitigation in cosmic shear measurements. Finally, we discuss the dominant systematics and the planned algorithmic changes to reduce them in future data reductions.
Online Problem Solving for Adolescent Brain Injury: A Randomized Trial of 2 Approaches
Authors: Wade Shari L. , Taylor Hudson Gerry , Yeates Keith Owen , Kirkwood Michael , Zang Huaiyu , McNally Kelly , Stacin Terry , Zhang Nanhua 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Adolescent traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to deficits in executive functioning and behavior, but few evidence-based treatments exist. We conducted a randomized clinical trial comparing Teen Online Problem Solving with Family (TOPS-Family) with Teen Online Problem Solving with Teen Only (TOPS-TO) or the access to Internet Resources Comparison (IRC) group.

Methods:
Children, aged 11 to 18 years, who sustained a complicated mild-to-severe TBI in the previous 18 months were randomly assigned to the TOPS-Family (49), TOPS-TO (51), or IRC group (52). Parent and self-report measures of externalizing behaviors and executive functioning were completed before treatment and 6 months later. Treatment effects were examined using linear regression models, adjusting for baseline symptom levels. Age, maternal education, and family stresses were examined as moderators.

Results:
The TOPS-Family group had lower levels of parent-reported executive dysfunction at follow-up than the TOPS-TO group, and differences between the TOPS-Family and IRC groups approached significance. Maternal education moderated improvements in parent-reported externalizing behaviors, with less educated parents in the TOPS-Family group reporting fewer symptoms. On the self-report Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions, treatment efficacy varied with the level of parental stresses. The TOPS-Family group reported greater improvements at low stress levels, whereas the TOPS-TO group reported greater improvement at high-stress levels. The TOPS-TO group did not have significantly lower symptoms than the IRC group on any comparison.

Conclusion:
Findings support the efficacy of online family problem solving to address executive dysfunction and improve externalizing behaviors among youth with TBI from less advantaged households. Treatment with the teen alone may be indicated in high-stress families.
Filling the Spectrum Expander with Air—A New Alternative
Authors: Becker Hilton , Zhadan Olga 
Published: October 2017

Summary:
The Spectrum adjustable saline implant is optimal for prepectoral breast reconstruction as it can be placed virtually empty and thus flat, applying no pressure on the overlying skin flap. However, when saline is added, it tends to pool at the bottom of the implant resulting in its uneven surface and rippling. Air filling results in the uniform distribution within the implant shell and smooth even implant surface, which facilitates acellular dermal matrix adhesion. Pressure to the skin flap is averted, patients are more comfortable, and rippling is not seen.
MEASUREMENTS OF RETINAL FLUID BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY LEAKAGE IN DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Santos Ana Rita , Alves Dalila , Santos Torcato , Figueira João , Silva Rufino , Cunha-Vaz José G. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the effects of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment on retinal fluid in patients with diabetic macular edema by using optical coherence tomography leakage (OCT-L), a new method of quantifying sites of lower than normal optical reflectivity (LOR) in OCT, and to correlate these findings with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) response.

Methods:
Prospective analysis of 21 eyes with diabetic macular edema, naive to anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Macular cube 512 × 128 and OCT angiography 6 × 6-mm scans (CIRRUS AngioPlex; ZEISS, Dublin, CA) were acquired in all eyes before the first ranibizumab injection (V1) and 1 week after treatment (V2). Optical coherence tomography leakage analysis was performed with Angioplex raw scan data used to calculate LOR map ratios. Lower optical reflectivity ratios at baseline and differences from V1 to V2 and other OCT morphological features such as central retinal thickness measurements, disorganization of the inner retinal layers, and disruption of ellipsoid zone were compared with BCVA response 1 month after the first intravitreal injection.

Results:
After the first intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, eight patients (38%) were identified as good responders, 5 (24%) as moderate, and 8 (38%) as poor. There were no significant BCVA differences at baseline. Significant differences were found in LOR ratio changes between the different treatment response groups after 1 week of treatment, especially in outer segment and outer plexiform layer (outer segment—good responders: −53%, responders: −12%, and poor responders: 7% [P = 0.026]; outer plexiform layer—good responders: −49%, responders: 18%, and poor responders: 5% [P = 0.010]). Lower optical reflectivity ratios differences after 1 week of treatment predict better the BCVA treatment response at 1 month than changes of central retinal thickness, disorganization of the inner retinal layer, and ellipsoid zone disruption, especially in the outer segment and outer plexiform layer (area under the curve = 0.82 and 0.73, respectively).

Conclusion:
Optical coherence tomography leakage changes after anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment of diabetic macular edema, identifying the degree of decrease in retinal fluid in the outer layers of the retina is a more robust biomarker of BCVA recovery than central retinal thickness, disorganization of the inner retinal layer, or ellipsoid zone disruption changes.
Evaluation of the Clinical Utility of a Real-time PCR Assay for the Diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae Bacteremia in Children
Authors: Murphy Jane , O’ Rourke Sadhbh , Corcoran Mary , O’ Sullivan Nicola , Cunney Robert , Drew Richard 
Published: October 2017

Background:
The widespread uptake of pneumococcal vaccines has substantially reduced the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease, such that pneumococcal bacteremia in children is now considered a relatively rare event. The objective of this study was to ascertain the clinical utility of a Streptococcus pneumoniae real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay compared with standard blood culture for the diagnosis of pneumococcal bacteremia in children in the post-vaccine era.

Methods:
A systematic retrospective review of laboratory and patient records from Children’s University Hospital, Temple Street, during a 6-year period was performed. Paired blood PCR and blood culture specimens from children younger than 16 years of age were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed to measure the diagnostic accuracy of PCR versus routine bacterial culture techniques.

Results:
More than 1900 PCR test requests were examined from 2010 to 2015, of which 1561 paired PCR and blood culture specimens met criteria for inclusion in the statistical analysis. The PCR assay demonstrated high specificity (99%, confidence interval 95%: 98.81%–99.69%); however, the sensitivity was low compared with that of blood culture (47%, confidence interval 95%: 21.27%–73.41%). Investigation of 10 PCR-positive/culture-negative cases revealed that these cases ranged from definite, probable, and possible significance, indicating a low false positivity rate associated with the assay.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates the limited utility of blood PCR testing for S. pneumoniae in pediatric patients without radiographic evidence pneumonia or empyema. Moreover, we report that PCR may be a useful diagnostic tool when blood cultures are negative because of antimicrobial therapy before sampling. Given that the incidence of pneumococcal disease has decreased considerably in recent years, justification of S. pneumoniae PCR requisition is necessary. Hence, new guidelines for pediatric pneumococcal blood PCR testing have been introduced at the Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory.
Clinical and symptom scores are significantly correlated with fecal microbiota features in patients with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease: a pilot study
Authors: Kvasnovsky Charlotte L. , Leong Lex E.X. , Choo Jocelyn M. , Abell Guy C.J. , Papagrigoriadis Savvas , Bruce Kenneth D. , Rogers Geraint B. 
Published: October 2017

Background
There is growing consensus that symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease is a chronic inflammatory condition, and that alterations in the fecal microbiota may contribute to its pathogenesis.

Objective
The aim of this study was to relate the fecal microbiota composition in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease to measures of inflammation, symptoms, and history of previous acute diverticulitis.

Participants and methods
Fecal microbiota composition in 28 individuals with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease was characterized by 16S RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Microbiota composition was related to clinical history, symptom and inflammation measures, and demographic variables.

Results
Previous acute diverticulitis was associated with higher relative abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrio, Bifidobacterium, Christensenellaceae family, and Mollicutes RF9 order (P=0.004, 0.006, 0.010, and 0.019, respectively), but not microbiota alpha or beta diversity. A higher bloating severity score was significantly correlated with a higher relative abundance of Ruminococcus (P=0.032), and significantly inversely correlated with the relative abundance of the Roseburia (P=0.002). Fecal calprotectin levels were positively correlated with alpha diversity (Shannon index, P=0.005) and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (P=0.004). Pain score was positively correlated with the relative abundance of Cyanobacterium (adjusted P=0.032).

Conclusion
Patient symptoms in symptomatic diverticular disease are significantly correlated with features of the fecal microbiota. Our findings suggest the potential utility of therapies that target intestinal microbiology, such as dietary prebiotic supplements.
Long‐term Follow‐up After Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: Loeb Nathalie , Owens Jillian S. , Strom Michele , Farassati Farsad , Van Roestel Krista , Chambers Kathryn , Kean Penni , Ng Vicky L. , Avitzur Yaron , Carricato Megan , Wales Paul W. , Courtney‐Martin Glenda 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to describe long‐term growth postpediatric liver transplantation and to conduct bivariate and multivariate analysis of factors that may predict post‐transplantation growth in children who received a liver transplant from January 1999 to December 2008 at the Hospital for Sick Children.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted with follow‐up of up‐to 10 years post‐transplantation. Mean height and weight z scores and annual differences in mean z scores were plotted against time after transplantation. A 1‐way analysis of variance was conducted. Multivariate and univariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were conducted to determine factors associated with reaching the 50th and 25th percentiles for height.Results:A total of 127 children met eligibility criteria. The mean height z score at time of transplantation was −2.21 which by the second year post‐transplantation increased significantly to −0.66 (mean increase of 1.55 standard deviation units). There were no further significant increases in mean height z score from 2 years post‐transplantation until the end of follow‐up at year 10. In multivariate analysis, height at transplant was the most important predictor of linear growth post‐transplantation.Conclusions:Children who underwent liver transplantation had significant catch‐up growth in the first 2 years post‐transplantation followed by a plateau phase. Increased height z‐score at transplantation is the most important predictor of long‐term growth.