bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview on Analysis of Free Metabolites for Detection of Exposure to Chemical Warfare Agents
Authors: Grigoriu Nicoleta , Epure Gabriel , Moşteanu Dănuţ 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWA’s) induce complex toxicological effects with major adverse consequences for those exposed. For many chemical agents there is a need for research and development of analytical toxicological methods for a rapid and certain confirmation of those exposures. The certain methods will help for establishing the laboratory diagnosis for applying the proper therapy; the treatment of only contaminated people, decreasing the stress level in the medical community in management of crisis situations, increasing the survival rate of the population exposed to the contamination, supervision of professional exposure, judicial analysis in case of suspicious terrorist activities.
The paper presents some analytical toxicological methods for detection, identification and confirmation of metabolites from urine samples, based on the metabolism/hydrolysis processes of CWA’s.
Identification of Behavioral Risk Factors During Pregnancy
Authors: Ruţa Florina , Tarcea Monica , Stere Victoria , Abram Zoltan , Avram Călin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Exposure to smoking during pregnancy is known to be one of the main modifiable risk factors, which threatens maternal and child health. Along with this factor, are not to be neglected also other risk factors belonging to lifestyle sphere, such as alcohol, sedentary, irregular daily meal serving plan, lack of knowledge.
Main objective is identification of behavioral risk factors during pregnancy in a group of recently given birth women, hospitalized in three maternities of Tirgu Mures County.
Political Evolution at NATO Level in Post Cold War Era
Authors: Tomescu Cătălin Tomiţă 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The beginning of the post Cold era sounds like that: „The world has changed dramatically. The Alliance has made an essential contribution. The peoples of North America and the whole of Europe can now join in a community of shared values based on freedom, democracy, human rights and the rule of law. As an agent of change, a source of stability and the indispensable guarantor of its members' security, our Alliance will continue to play a key role in building a new, lasting order of peace in Europe: a Europe of cooperation and prosperity”[1].
Managers and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Man Mihaela 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In this research on the one hand we analyzed the relationship that exists in terms of motivational persistence and the Big Five dimensions and, on the other hand, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The results show that the conscientiousness has been identified as being in a significant positive relationship with OCB. This result is consistent with the data provided by previous researchers. The results also indicate that three conscientiousness facets are in a positive relationship with OCB. These three conscientiousness facets are self-efficacy, cautiousness and orderliness. Agreeableness was not identified as being associated with OCB. At the level of the relationship between motivational persistence factors and OCB, we have identified a significant positive relationship with only one factor: current purpose pursuing. The OCB model has two variables that work best as predictors: high scores with regard to current purpose in terms of the pursuing-motivational persistence factor, and low scores in terms of the imagination-facet of openness to experience.
Financial Supporting Tools of Rural Tourism Development in Nitra Self-Governing Region
Authors: Jarábková Jana , Majstríková Ľubica , Kozolka Tomáš 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Rural tourism is one of the opportunities, which can positively influence productivity and incomes in rural areas. European Union set the rural development as part of its priorities. This development has been conducted through several measures aimed at education, cooperation, municipality development, ecological agriculture, diversification of economic activities, etc. Rural tourism is a result of diversification of economic activities towards non-agricultural activities. The paper focuses on analysing financial tools of support used for rural tourism development. Development projects realized in the Nitra Self-governing Region (NSR) during programming period 2007 - 2013 (plus 2 years) are evaluated. These projects have been financed through different grant schemes created by the European Union (realised by Ministries, Local Action Groups, Agricultural Paying Agency) and also by the Nitra Self-governing Region. The paper also illustrates the localisation of approved projects and their purpose.
Three-component one-pot synthesis of dihydrochromeno[4,3-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridines
Authors: Sadat-Ebrahimi Seyed Esmail , Katebi Shirin , Pirali-Hamedani Morteza , Moghimi Setareh , Yahya-Meymandi Azadeh , Mahdavi Mohammad , Shafiee Abbas , Foroumadi Alireza 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
A series of dihydrochromeno[4,3-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridines has been synthesized using a simple and efficient one-pot, three-component procedure. The products were obtained in good yields in the presence of heterogeneous nanoporous acid catalyst (SBA-Pr-SO3H).
Developing explicit measures of stereotypes and anti-Roma prejudice in Slovakia: Conceptual and methodological challenges
Authors: Lášticová Barbara , Findor Andrej 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The paper discusses the conceptual and methodological challenges of developing measures of stereotypes and prejudice for use in Slovakia. Developing these measures was the first step in a research project aimed at testing the effectiveness of direct and indirect contact interventions to reduce prejudice against stigmatized minorities, particularly the Roma. The first major problem in this kind of research relates to measuring the impact of interventions, as standardized instruments for measuring prejudice have yet to be developed in Slovak. The second problem concerns the risk that the interventions will fail to reduce anti-Roma prejudice, because of the strong stigmatization of the Roma minority in Slovakia. The paper also reviews existing measures of stereotypes and prejudice in social psychology and discusses their applicability for measuring anti-Roma prejudice in Slovakia. It is argued that measures of stereotypes and prejudice should be designed and used in a sensitive manner and that in the process of measuring various forms of social bias we should avoid reproducing its cognitive, emotional and behavioural manifestations.
Teachers as researchers? Assessing impact of pedagogical interventions on pupils’ attitudes1
Authors: Dráľ Peter , Findor Andrej 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The paper suggests that there is a gap between the research on prejudice in Slovak schools and the pedagogical interventions used to reduce them, particularly in relation to the Roma minority. It highlights the existing curricular requirements for dealing with intergroup relations, stereotypes and prejudice, contrasting them with the organizational, methodological and practical constraints teachers face when trying to meet them. Drawing from experience of piloting alternative tools for measuring attitudes, designing interventions and assessing impact, the article describes one possible way of bridging the gap.
Financing Constraints and Firm Growth in Emerging Europe
Authors: Leitner Sandra M. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The paper aims to shed light on the effects of different types of financing constraints on firm sales and employment growth in Emerging Europe before and after the onset of the financial crisis. It analyzes the group of emerging NMS-10 economies (plus Turkey) and the group of economically and financially lagging Western Balkan countries. The paper demonstrates that financing constraints significantly obstruct firm growth, particularly in the Western Balkan countries, which calls for policy intervention to ensure swifter job-rich growth and catching-up with the rest of Europe. It also emphasizes that particular firm characteristics are essential for growth in Emerging Europe and demonstrates that exporting only and innovating are recipes for faster firm growth, while importing only and a high foreign ownership share seriously retard firm growth. Finally, it stresses the importance of the particular institutional environment for firms to thrive.
Solution of radiative transfer theory problems for ‘realistic’ models of random media using the Monte Carlo method
Authors: Ambos Andrey Yu. , Mikhailov Gennady A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA methodology of efficient homogenization of a radiation model for a stochastic media is developed. In this connection, ‘realistic’ computational models of random fields are constructed, implementations of those fields are close to continuous ones, and the conditional one-dimensional distribution in the nonempty part of the medium is quite natural. It is shown that the corresponding homogenized probability of the passage of a quantum particle is actually determined by the correlation scale and the occupancy of the medium and also by the above conditional distribution.
An application of a data assimilation method based on the diffusion stochastic process theory using altimetry data in Atlantic
Authors: Belyaev Konstantin P. , Kuleshov Andrey A. , Tanajura Clemente A. S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA data assimilation (DA) method based on the application of the diffusion stochastic process theory, particularly, of the Fokker-Planck equation, is considered. The method was introduced in the previous works; however, it is substantially modified and extended to the multivariate case in the current study. For the first time, the method is here applied to the assimilation of sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) into the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) over the Atlantic Ocean. The impact of assimilation of SSHA is investigated and compared with the assimilation by an Ensemble Optimal Interpolation method (EnOI). The time series of the analyses produced by both assimilation methods are evaluated against the results from a free model run without assimilation. This study shows that the proposed assimilation technique has some advantages in comparison with EnOI analysis. Particularly, it is shown that it provides slightly smaller error and is computationally efficient. The method may be applied to assimilate other data such as observed sea surface temperature and vertical profiles of temperature and salinity.
Numerical modelling of coupled neutral atmospheric general circulation and ionosphere D region
Authors: Kulyamin Dmitry V , Dymnikov Valentin P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe paper presents a new neutral atmosphere and ionosphere D region coupled general circulation model (for altitudes of 0-90 km) with a high spatial resolution. Efficient numerical methods of its implementation are developed. The properties of differential formulation for a plasma-chemical model of ionosphere D region are studied, the existence of a global attractor in the non-negative half of the phase space is proved, an efficient semi-implicit numerical scheme possessing the charge conservation law is constructed to solve the system. The problem of radio waves propagation in the ionosphere D region has been considered for the coupled model, we validated the model on the base of radio signals monitoring data and developed a computational unit for calculation of the radio signal attenuation in the lower ionosphere. A satisfactory reproduction of the D region mean state is shown and the ability to develope this model for use in applied tasks is indicated.
Block steepest descent method based on nonoverlapping domain decomposition, I
Authors: Kuznetsov Yuri A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the present paper we propose a new iterative method for the numerical solution of system of linear algebraic equations with symmetric positive definite and positive semidefinite matrices arising from the approximation of diffusion equations by the mixed hybrid finite element method on triangular and tetrahedral meshes. The method is based on a combination of the block steepest descent idea and nonoverlapping domain decomposition algorithm. We give the formulation of the method and a simple convergence estimate in the case of regular shaped quasiuniform meshes.
Antinociceptive activity of Tibouchina pereirae, an endemic plant from the Brazilian semiarid region
Authors: Dias Êuder Reis , Dias Thays de Lima Matos Freire , Alexandre-Moreira Magna Suzana , Branco Alexsandro 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The anti-nociceptive activity of an extract of Tibouchina pereirae Aubl (AETP) was investigated using two models of chemically induced pain, viz. the acetic acid-induced writhing and the formalin test, respectively, with dipyrone and indomethacin as reference drugs, respectively. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, AETP application (100 mg/kg) caused a significant reduction of writhing produced by acetic acid. In the formalin test, AETP reduced the formalin effects significantly only in the late phase. These findings thus indicate the involvement of AETP only in peripheral antinociceptive mechanisms. In addition, AETP exhibited good antioxidant activity (EC50 approx. 15 μg/mL) in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay.
Recruitment of Polysynaptic Connections Underlies Functional Recovery of a Neural Circuit after Lesion
Authors: Sakurai Akira , Tamvacakis Arianna N. , Katz Paul S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe recruitment of additional neurons to neural circuits often occurs in accordance with changing functional demands. Here we found that synaptic recruitment plays a key role in functional recovery after neural injury. Disconnection of a brain commissure in the nudibranch mollusc,Tritonia diomedea, impairs swimming behavior by eliminating particular synapses in the central pattern generator (CPG) underlying the rhythmic swim motor pattern. However, the CPG functionally recovers within a day after the lesion. The strength of a spared inhibitory synapse within the CPG from Cerebral Neuron 2 (C2) to Ventral Swim Interneuron B (VSI) determines the level of impairment caused by the lesion, which varies among individuals. In addition to this direct synaptic connection, there are polysynaptic connections from C2 and Dorsal Swim Interneurons to VSI that provide indirect excitatory drive but play only minor roles under normal conditions. After disconnecting the pedal commissure (Pedal Nerve 6), the recruitment of polysynaptic excitation became a major source of the excitatory drive to VSI. Moreover, the amount of polysynaptic recruitment, which changed over time, differed among individuals and correlated with the degree of recovery of the swim motor pattern. Thus, functional recovery was mediated by an increase in the magnitude of polysynaptic excitatory drive, compensating for the loss of direct excitation. Since the degree of susceptibility to injury corresponds to existing individual variation in the C2 to VSI synapse, the recovery relied upon the extent to which the network reorganized to incorporate additional synapses.
Focused cardiac ultrasound is feasible in the general practice setting and alters diagnosis and management of cardiac disease
Authors: Yates James , Royse Colin Forbes , Royse Carolyn , Royse Alistair George , Canty David Jeffrey 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background: Ultrasound-assisted examination of the cardiovascular system with focused cardiac ultrasound by the treating physician is non-invasive and changes diagnosis and management of patient’s with suspected cardiac disease. This has not been reported in a general practice setting.
Aim: To determine whether focused cardiac ultrasound performed on patients aged over 50 years changes the diagnosis and management of cardiac disease by a general practitioner.
Design and setting: A prospective observational study of 80 patients aged over 50years and who had not received echocardiography or chest CT within 12months presenting to a general practice.
Method: Clinical assessment and management of significant cardiac disorders in patients presenting to general practitioners were recorded before and after focused cardiac ultrasound. Echocardiography was performed by a medical student with sufficient training, which was verified by an expert. Differences in diagnosis and management between conventional and ultrasound-assisted assessment were recorded.
Results and conclusion: Echocardiography and interpretation were acceptable in all patients. Significant cardiac disease was detected in 16 (20%) patients, including aortic stenosis in 9 (11%) and cardiac failure in 7 (9%), which were missed by clinical examination in 10 (62.5%) of these patients. Changes in management occurred in 12 patients (15% overall and 75% of those found to have significant cardiac disease) including referral for diagnostic echocardiography in 8 (10%), commencement of heart failure treatment in 3 (4%) and referral to a cardiologist in 1 patient (1%).
Routine focused cardiac ultrasound is feasible and frequently alters the diagnosis and management of cardiac disease in patients aged over 50years presenting to a general practice.
Naẓariyāt fī Takāmul al-‘Ulūm: Dirāsah Naqdīyah wa Ta’sīsīyah fī Thaqāfat al-Minangkabau
Authors: Wirman Eka Putra 
Published: July 2016

This article aims at identifying various concepts of science at Islamic Universities in Indonesia, especially after the conversion of a number of State Islamic Institute (IAIN) into the State Islamic University (UIN). After analyzing the existing concepts and its shortcomings, this study offers a new pespective that is derived from Minangkabau local wisdom as an alternative. The study uses text analysis methods against various science concepts adopted by various state Islamic universities, such as “Web Spiders”; “Tree of Science”, and “Integration of Science” Through a comparative study between various opinions and work around the Minangkabau tradition, it was concluded that the current concepts being applied are mostly based on the dichotomy of science, where a discipline only applies in a particular period, and does not apply at other times. This sort of dichotomy in turn leads to a vacuum and underdevelopment, even shutting down the growth and progress of certain sciences. Therefore, this study offers a new scientific paradigm called “Tali Tigo Sapilin” which is based on local wisdom of Minangkabau culture with its characteristics, such as balance, synergy and collaboration.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v23i1.2105
The Text of Conservatism: The Role of Abbas’ Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah in Underpinning Acehnese Current Religious Violence
Authors: Dhuhri Saifuddin 
Published: July 2016

Considerable studies have been undertaken on Islamic sects and radicalisation. There is, however, little work on textual analysis of traditionalist book, which is regarded as traditionalist collective identity. This article is a critical analysis of the term Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jama`ah, with special reference to Sirajuddin Abbas’ book. ; I`tiqad Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jama`ah. His articulation of the concept Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jama`ah plays great role in radicalising traditionalist ideology and providing traditionalist Islamic activists the justification to go against Wahhabism. His interpretation of the concept is, however, strongly rejected by Wahhabis, because of imposing hatred and intolerance against Wahhabism. By using Fairlough’s critical analysis, I studied critically the content of Abbas’s book. Some concepts related to the articulation of Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jama`ah are chosen and analysed to find the role of the book in underlying traditionalist ideology. Then, Abbas’ interpretations of the selected concepts are verified through the method of interview to unearth ideological articulation of Abbas’.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v23i1.2405
Islam, Ethnicity and Secession: Forms of Cultural Mobilization in Aceh Rebellions
Authors: Munhanif Ali 
Published: July 2016

This article explains the appeal of two different remarkable forms of cultural mobilization within the Aceh secessionist movement. The first form is the emergence of the Darul Islam (DI) rebellion in the 1950s; and the second is the rise of the Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, GAM) during the 1980s and 1990s. Recent trends in Aceh’s political dynamics pose a striking puzzle as to how the institutional arrangements created by the government of Aceh have complicated the political dimensions of GAM. Some institutions have shaped new patterns of Aceh-Jakarta relations, but others represent a revitalization of the previous Aceh-Islamic state rebellion under DI/TII. What are the likely causes for the re-emergence of Islam coming to the center stage of Aceh politics? This article argues that the primary forces that have driven these variations in the two periods of rebellion were the interaction between the institutional design of the nation-state and the considerable opportunity for cultural mobilization at a particular institutional juncture. Secessionist ideologies such as those in Aceh are shaped and mediated by the institutional context in which they manifest.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v23i1.2659
Al-Dawlah wa al-Da‘wah al-Islāmīyah fī ‘Ahd al-Niẓām al-Jadīd: Dirāsah fī Fikr Soeharto min Khilāl al-Khiṭābāt al-Ri’āsīyah fī al-Munāsabāt al-Islāmīyah bi Indonesia
Authors: Salam M. Isa H.A. 
Published: July 2016

This article examines the speeches by Soeharto, the second Indonesian President (1966-1998), in regard with Islamic da‘wah (preaching) in Indonesia. On various occasions of Islamic festivals such as in celebrating Mawlid al-Nabī, Isrā’ Mi‘rāj, and Nuzūl al-Qur’ān, Soeharto elucidates his main concern of the nature of da‘wah. Amid his strict opposition to political Islam, his attention to da‘wah is worth discussing. For Soeharto, religion serves as a true life-guidance that functions as the spiritual, ethical and moral basis of the statehood in Indonesia. Soeharto believes that a good da‘wah will bring a better Muslim community in Indonesia. He, therefore, warns that Muslim leaders and da‘is should not perform da‘wah by provoking conflict not only between Islam and the state, but also between Muslim community with other existing religious communities, and he often remind them that da‘wah in Indonesia should not contradict with the state ideology (Pancasila).DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v23i1.3168
Tears and Cheers in Jombang: Some Notes on the 33rd Nahdlatul Ulama Congress
Authors: Darmadi Dadi 
Published: July 2016

In the midst of the scorching heat and dry weather in Jombang, in the month of August 2015, the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) finally chose K.H. Dr. Said Aqil Siradj as the Chairman of NU. The NU’s 33rd Congress (Muktamar), held in Jombang, East Java, re-elected him for his second term in office in this historical Congress, which was loaded with heat, competition, and compromise.This time the Congress theme was “Upholding Islam Nusantara for Indonesia and World Civilization.” Islam Nusantara, literally meaning “Islam of the archipelago,” may connote different things for different people. It may mean Islam that is rooted in local values, or the kind of Islam that has been promoted by scholars, traders and missionaries with peace, not war. Or, it could suggest a form of Islam that resulted from these various elements. But speaking to an audience weeks before the Congress, Said Aqil Siradj concluded that, as the largest Muslim mass organization in Indonesia, NU felt obliged to remind everyone about the importance of integrating the prinsip kebangsaan (national principles) in conducting worship (beribadah) and implementing religious beliefs (kepercayaan beragama). The theme was strengthened not only in the lively public discussions, book launches and book exhibitions across Jombang, but also in the way NU scholars framed their debates and arguments in the Bahsul Masail forums. The latter is a primary and prestigious forum among NU scholars to discuss important socio-religious issues and produce NU’s formal and strategic decisions.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v23i1.3317