bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are myelodysplastic syndromes underdiagnosed in Poland? A report by the Polish Adult Leukaemia Group
Authors: Drozd‐Sokołowska Joanna E. , Mądry Krzysztof , Waszczuk‐Gajda Anna , Żółtak Tomasz , Sikorska Anna , Mital Andrzej , Wajs Jarosław , Semeńczuk Grażyna , Szmigielska‐Kapłon Anna , Szczepańska Magdalena , Wasilewska Ewa , Szwedyk Paweł , Hołojda Jadwiga , Wątek Marzena , Stella‐Hołowiecka Beata , Soroka‐Wojtaszko Maria , Homenda Wojciech , Polak Mirosław , Guzicka‐Kazimierska Renata , Porowska Agnieszka , Wiktor‐Jędrzejczak Wiesław , Dwilewicz‐Trojaczek Jadwiga 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe epidemiology of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) differs among countries. Here, we present the first epidemiological indices determined for Poland.MethodsTwenty‐one haematological centres participated in the study. Patients diagnosed with MDS and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with 20–29% blasts were enrolled. Data collection was conducted for strictly predefined period.ResultsThe overall crude incidence rate for all MDS subtypes was 1.95 (95% CI, 1.81–2.09) per 100 000 person‐years: 2.46 (95% CI, 2.24–2.69) for males and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.31–1.65) for females; after excluding AML cases, the indices were as follows: 2.35 (95% CI, 2.08–2.66) for males and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.08–1.5) for females. Prevalence rate was 6.2 per 100 000 persons (95% CI, 5.96–6.45), that is 6.86 (95% CI, 6.49–7.24) for males and 5.58 (95% CI, 5.26–5.92) for females. Both incidence and prevalence increased with increasing age. The most frequently diagnosed MDS subtype was refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD), responsible for 30.3% of all newly diagnosed MDSs.ConclusionsRCMD is the most frequent MDS subtype in Poland. Incidence and prevalence indices are lower than those reported for other populations, which probably results from inadequate diagnosis of potential cases of this disease.
Soil organic matter content controls gross nitrogen dynamics and N2O production in riparian and upland boreal soil
Authors: Figueiredo V. , Enrich‐Prast A. , Rütting T. 
Published: October 2016

We investigated the pathways of gross soil nitrogen (N) transformations and nitrous oxide (N2O) production with 15N enrichment techniques in a boreal forest landscape by comparing organic (riparian) and mineral (upland) soil within two catchments in northern Sweden. The values of all soil properties evaluated for the riparin and upland zones were statistically different (P < 0.05). The rates of gross N transformation were larger in the riparian than in the upland soil (P < 0.05), which can be explained by the larger soil organic matter (SOM) content that provides energy and mineral N as a substrate for other processes. The riparian soil at one site shows a decoupling of nitrification from mineralization; the largest gross mineralization occurred in the soil at this site, but gross nitrification was relatively small. This was probably because of the low pH (2.7 ± 0.1), which inhibits the activity of autotrophic nitrifiers. Oxidation of organic N was the main source of N2O in the soil at all sites, probably because of low soil pH and large organic carbon content, which favours heterotrophic nitrification. The results of our study confirm that organic matter is the main regulating factor for gross N mineralization and nitrification; the latter are markedly different in the organic‐rich riparian soil and the upland soil in the boreal forest landscape.HighlightsWhich soil properties control gross N transformations and N2O production pathways in boreal soil?
Examined nitrogen dynamics in two boreal forest soils with 15N.
Considerable oxidation of organic N in boreal soil is the main source of N2O.
Soil organic matter is the main regulator of N transformations in boreal forest soil.
Cannabidiol as a new treatment for drug‐resistant epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Hess Evan J. , Moody Kirsten A. , Geffrey Alexandra L. , Pollack Sarah F. , Skirvin Lauren A. , Bruno Patricia L. , Paolini Jan L. , Thiele Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryObjectiveTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal‐dominant genetic disorder with highly variable expression. The most common neurologic manifestation of TSC is epilepsy, which affects approximately 85% of patients, 63% of whom develop treatment‐resistant epilepsy. Herein, we evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive compound derived from the marijuana plant, as an adjunct to current antiepileptic drugs in patients with refractory seizures in the setting of TSC.MethodsEighteen of the 56 patients who have enrolled in our current expanded‐access study of cannabidiol for patients with treatment‐resistant epilepsy carry a diagnosis of TSC. After an initial baseline period of 1 month, patients began treatment with CBD. The initial dose of 5 mg/kg/day was increased by 5 mg/kg/day every week up to a maximum dose of 50 mg/kg/day, if tolerated. Weekly seizure frequencies, percent change in seizure frequencies, and responder rates were calculated during the 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th month of treatment with CBD.ResultsThe median weekly seizure frequency during the baseline period was 22.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 14.8–57.4), which decreased to 13.3 (IQR 5.1–22.1) after 3 months of treatment with cannabidiol. The median percent change in total weekly seizure frequency was −48.8% (IQR −69.1% to −11.1%) after 3 months of treatment. The 50% responder rates over the course of the study were 50%, 50%, 38.9%, 50%, and 50% after 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment with CBD, respectively. In patients taking clobazam concurrently with CBD (n = 12), the responder rate after 3 months of treatment was 58.3%, compared to 33.3% in patients not taking clobazam (n = 6). Twelve (66.7%) of 18 patients in this study experienced at least one adverse event thought possibly related to CBD; the most common adverse events were drowsiness (n = 8, 44.4%), ataxia (n = 5, 27.8%), and diarrhea (n = 4, 22.2%).SignificanceAlthough double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials are still necessary, these findings suggest that cannabidiol may be an effective and well‐tolerated treatment option for patients with refractory seizures in TSC.
Practical guide to single layer centrifugation of stallion semen
Authors: Morrell J. M. , Nunes M. M. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe technique of single layer centrifugation through species‐specific colloids has been gaining acceptance over the last few years as a practical method of improving the sperm quality of stallion semen for artificial insemination. This article explains the background to the technique and the different colloid formulations used, suggests some applications of the technique with particular reference to the equine breeding industry, describes the method in detail, and finally provides some guidance for problem solving. It is intended as a practical guide for those considering using the technique to improve sperm quality and pregnancy rates in equine artificial insemination and embryo transfer.
Using Diurnal Temperature Signals to Infer Vertical Groundwater‐Surface Water Exchange
Authors: Irvine Dylan J. , Briggs Martin A. , Lautz Laura K. , Gordon Ryan P. , McKenzie Jeffrey M. , Cartwright Ian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHeat is a powerful tracer to quantify fluid exchange between surface water and groundwater. Temperature time series can be used to estimate pore water fluid flux, and techniques can be employed to extend these estimates to produce detailed plan‐view flux maps. Key advantages of heat tracing include cost‐effective sensors and ease of data collection and interpretation, without the need for expensive and time‐consuming laboratory analyses or induced tracers. While the collection of temperature data in saturated sediments is relatively straightforward, several factors influence the reliability of flux estimates that are based on time series analysis (diurnal signals) of recorded temperatures. Sensor resolution and deployment are particularly important in obtaining robust flux estimates in upwelling conditions. Also, processing temperature time series data involves a sequence of complex steps, including filtering temperature signals, selection of appropriate thermal parameters, and selection of the optimal analytical solution for modeling. This review provides a synthesis of heat tracing using diurnal temperature oscillations, including details on optimal sensor selection and deployment, data processing, model parameterization, and an overview of computing tools available. Recent advances in diurnal temperature methods also provide the opportunity to determine local saturated thermal diffusivity, which can improve the accuracy of fluid flux modeling and sensor spacing, which is related to streambed scour and deposition. These parameters can also be used to determine the reliability of flux estimates from the use of heat as a tracer.
Designing emulsion droplets of foods and beverages to enhance delivery of lipophilic bioactive components – a review of recent advances
Authors: Raikos Vassilios , Ranawana Viren 
Published: October 2016

SummaryLipophilic bioactive compounds such as lipids, vitamins and phytochemicals serve important antioxidant, functional, nutritional and structural roles in the human body. Colloidal systems such as emulsions are particularly suitable matrices for the protection and delivery of these compounds. This article summarises the principal lipophilic bioactives important for human health and challenges associated with their delivery. It discusses the compositional and physical characteristics of emulsions in relation to bioactive delivery, and chemical stability aspects to consider when engineering efficient emulsion delivery systems. The literature shows that aspects such as oil type, droplet size, interfacial composition and solubilisation capacity impact bioactive availability and that their effects are bioactive specific. Therefore, emulsions must be tailored to the bioactives delivered. Much of the present knowledge is based on in vitro studies, and more data from animal and human models are required to better understand the relationship between emulsion characteristics and bioavailability of lipophilic bioactives.
Mycosis fungoides two decades after exposure to sulphur mustard: a follow‐up of 1100 victims
Authors: Emadi S.N. , Shiri M. , Shiri Z. , Emadi S.E. , Mortazavi H. , Nikoo A. , Akhavan‐Moghaddam J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundSulphur mustard (SM) is an alkylating chemical warfare agent which causes acute and chronic injuries to the eyes, skin, lung and respiratory tract.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the relationship between SM poisoning and Mycosis fungoides (MF) as a late consequence.Material and MethodsIn this retrospective study, the medical files of 1100 Iranian veterans confirmed to have exposure to SM agent during the Iraq–Iran war of the 1980s were reviewed.ResultsAll 10 cases with MF were confirmed by clinical and histopathological examinations. The mean age of the studied subjects was 43.3 ± 9.8 (years). In comparison to MF incidence rate in Iranian general population (0.39/100 000 person‐years), we found an incidence rate of 0.799/100 000 person‐years for MF among those who had short‐term exposure to SM. The most common sites for SM lesions were flexural and thin skin areas. The main limitation was the retrospective design.ConclusionThis study indicates that the risk of MF in those exposed to SM may increase over time. Therefore, their follow‐up is recommended.
Volunteering Is Associated with Lower Risk of Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Infurna Frank J. , Okun Morris A. , Grimm Kevin J. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo examine whether psychosocial factors that can be a target for interventions, such as volunteering, are associated with risk of cognitive impairment.DesignHealth and Retirement Study (HRS) data from 1998 to 2012, a nationally representative longitudinal panel survey of older adults assessed every 2 years, were used.SettingThe HRS interviews participants aged 50 and older across the contiguous United States.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older in 1998 (N = 13,262).MeasurementsPersonal interviews were conducted with respondents to assess presence of cognitive impairment, measured using a composite across cognitive measures.ResultsVolunteering at the initial assessment and volunteering regularly over time independently decreased the risk of cognitive impairment over 14 years, and these findings were maintained independent of known risk factors for cognitive impairment. Greater risk of onset of cognitive impairment was associated with being older, being female, being nonwhite, having fewer years of education, and reporting more depressive symptoms.ConclusionConsistent civic engagement in old age is associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment and provides impetus for interventions to protect against the onset of cognitive impairment. Given the increasing number of baby boomers entering old age, the findings support the public health benefits of volunteering and the potential role of geriatricians, who can promote volunteering by incorporating “prescriptions to volunteer” into their patient care.
Relationship between physical performance and quality of life in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease: a pilot study
Authors: Roberts‐Clarke Daniel , Fornusek Che , Saigal Nidhi , Halaki Mark , Burns Joshua , Nicholson Garth , Fiatarone Singh Maria , Hackett Daniel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCharcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) is a rare inherited peripheral neuropathy in which quality of life (QoL) is reduced compared with the general population. This paper investigates the relationship between QoL and physical performance in people with CMT with the aim of identifying avenues for future research into rehabilitation strategies. Cross‐sectional data was obtained from 10 participants (5 men, 5 women, age 46 ± 13 years, height 1.7 ± 0.1 m, body mass 77 ± 17 kg) with CMT (CMT1A n = 5; CMT‐X n = 3; unknown genetic origin n = 2). Participants were evaluated for QoL, falls efficacy (FES), balance, mobility, muscle strength, and power. Physical component score (PCS) of the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) was significantly and directly related to higher leg press power (r = 0.75, p = 0.02). Better FES scores were significantly related to faster habitual gait speed (r = −0.70, p = 0.02), left hip abduction, and seated row strength (r = −0.68, p = 0.03; r = −0.73, p = 0.03, respectively). Future research should aim to substantiate these preliminary findings in a larger cohort and investigate whether interventions targeting muscle strength and power can improve QoL and mobility outcomes in people with CMT.
Adipose tissue regulates insulin sensitivity: role of adipogenesis, de novo lipogenesis and novel lipids
Authors: Smith U. , Kahn B. B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObesity, the major cause of the current global epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D), induces insulin resistance in peripheral insulin target tissues. Several mechanisms have been identified related to cross‐talk between adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver. These mechanisms involve both increased free fatty acid release and altered secretion of adipokines from adipose tissue. A major determinant of metabolic health is the ability of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) to store excess fat rather than allowing it to accumulate in ectopic depots including liver (i.e. in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease), muscle and heart, or in epicardial/pericardial and visceral fat depots which promote the metabolic complications of obesity. The ability to recruit and differentiate precursor cells into adipose cells (adipogenesis) in SAT is under genetic regulation and is reduced in high‐risk individuals who have first‐degree relatives with T2D. Early recruitment of new adipose cells is dependent on the cross‐talk between canonical WNT and BMP4 signalling; WNT enhances their undifferentiated and proliferative state whereas BMP4 induces their commitment to the adipogenic lineage. Dysregulation of these signalling pathways is associated with impaired adipogenesis and impaired ability to respond to the need to store excess lipids in SAT. This leads to hypertrophic, dysfunctional and insulin‐resistant adipose cells with a reduced content of GLUT4, the major insulin‐regulated glucose transporter, which in turn reduces adipose tissue glucose uptake and de novo lipogenesis. We recently identified that reduced GLUT4 and lipogenesis in adipocytes impairs the synthesis of a novel family of lipids secreted by adipose tissue (and potentially other tissues), branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs). FAHFAs have beneficial metabolic effects, including enhancing insulin‐stimulated glucose transport and glucose‐stimulated GLP1 and insulin secretion, as well as powerful anti‐inflammatory effects. FAHFA levels are reduced in subcutaneous adipose tissue in insulin‐resistant individuals, and this novel family of lipids may become of future therapeutic use.
Integrin α11 is overexpressed by tumour stroma of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and correlates positively with alpha smooth muscle actin expression
Authors: Parajuli Himalaya , Teh Muy‐Teck , Abrahamsen Siren , Christoffersen Ingrid , Neppelberg Evelyn , Lybak Stein , Osman Tarig , Johannessen Anne Chr. , Gullberg Donald , Skarstein Kathrine , Costea Daniela Elena 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were shown to be important for tumour progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Their heterogeneity and lack of specific markers is increasingly recognized. Integrin α11 was recently shown to be expressed by CAFs and might serve as a specific CAF marker.AimTo investigate integrin α11 expression and its correlation with the expression of a well‐known marker of CAF, alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), in HNSCC.MethodsFresh frozen (FF) and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples from healthy volunteers (n = 24), oral lichen planus (OLP) (n = 32) and HNSCC (n = 106) were collected together with clinical data after ethical approval. Immunohistochemistry to detect integrin α11 and α‐SMA was performed on FF and FFPE samples. qPCR for integrin α11 (ITGA11) and α‐SMA (ACTA2) was performed on FF samples. Data were analysed using chi‐square test and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.ResultsSignificantly higher levels of integrin α11 and α‐SMA at both protein and mRNA levels were found in HNSCC vs. normal controls and OLP. A strong correlation was found between integrin α11 and α‐SMA expression, and double staining showed their colocalization. Both integrin α11 and α‐SMA were detected surrounding metastatic islands. Expression of α‐SMA at tumour front but not tumour centre correlated with patient survival.ConclusionIntegrin α11 was overexpressed in HNSCC stroma and colocalized with α‐SMA. Expression of α‐SMA at tumour front but not tumour centre had prognostic value for survival, pinpointing the importance of assessing tumour front when evaluating stromal molecules as prognostic biomarkers.
Elastic Properties of Lithium Disilicate Versus Feldspathic Inlays: Effect on the Bonding by 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Trindade Flávia Zardo , Valandro Luiz Felipe , de Jager Niek , Bottino Marco Antônio , Kleverlaan Cornelis Johannes 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeTo determine the elastic properties of five ceramic systems with different compositions (lithium disilicate vs. feldspathic ceramics) and processing methods and compare the stress distribution in premolars in the interface with inlays made with these systems loaded with the maximum normal bite force (665 N) using 3D finite element analysis (FEA).Materials and MethodsThe elastic properties of five ceramic restoration materials (IPS e.max Press, IPS e.max CAD, Vita PM9, Vita Mark II, Vita VM7) were obtained using the ultrasonic pulse‐echo method. Three‐dimensional FEA simplified models of maxillary premolars restored with these ceramic materials were created. The models were loaded with a load at the two nodes on the occlusal surface in the middle of the tooth, 2 mm from the outside of the tooth, simulating a loading ball with a radius of 6 mm.ResultsThe means values of density (g/cm³), Young's modulus (GPa), and Poison's ratio was 2.6 ± 0.3, 82.3 ± 18.3, and 0.22 ± 0.01 for IPS e.max Press; 2.3 ± 0.1, 83.5 ± 15.0, and 0.21 ± 0.01 for IPS e.max CAD; 2.5 ± 0.1, 44.4 ± 11.5, and 0.26 ± 0.08 for PM9; 2.4 ± 0.1, 70.6 ± 4.9, and 0.22 ± 0.01 for Vitamark II; 2.4 ± 0.1, 63.3 ± 3.9, and 0.23 ± 0.01 for VM7, respectively. The 3D FEA showed the tensile stress at the interface between the tooth and the inlay was dependent on the elastic properties of the materials, since the Vita PM9 and IPS e.max CAD ceramics presented the lowest and the highest stress concentration in the interface, respectively.ConclusionsThe elastic properties of ceramic materials were influenced by composition and processing methods, and these differences influenced the stress concentration at the bonding interface between tooth and restoration. The lower the elastic modulus of inlays, the lower is the stress concentration at the bonding interfaces.
Does the visibility of a congenital anomaly affect maternal–infant attachment levels?
Authors: Boztepe Handan , Ay Ayşe , Kerimoğlu Yıldız Gizem , Çınar Sevil 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether congenital anomaly visibility affects maternal–infant attachment levels.Design and MethodsThe study population consisted of mothers who had infants with cleft lip/palate or congenital heart anomalies who were receiving treatment in a university hospital. The data were collected using the Structured Questionnaire Form and the Maternal Attachment Inventory.ResultsStatistically significant differences in maternal–infant attachment levels were observed between infants with cleft lips/palates and healthy infants and between infants with congenital heart anomalies and healthy infants.Practice implicationsIt is important to apply appropriate nursing interventions for these mothers during the postpartum period.