bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between cerebral cannabinoid 1 receptor availability and body mass index in patients with food intake disorders and healthy subjects: a [18F]MK-9470 PET study
Authors: Ceccarini J , Weltens N , Ly H G , Tack J , Van Oudenhove L , Van Laere K 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlthough of great public health relevance, the mechanisms underlying disordered eating behavior and body weight regulation remain insufficiently understood. Compelling preclinical evidence corroborates a critical role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the central regulation of appetite and food intake. However, in vivo human evidence on ECS functioning in brain circuits involved in food intake regulation as well as its relationship with body weight is lacking, both in health and disease. Here, we measured cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) availability using positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]MK-9470 in 54 patients with food intake disorders (FID) covering a wide body mass index (BMI) range (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, functional dyspepsia with weight loss and obesity; BMI range=12.5–40.6 kg/m2) and 26 age-, gender- and average BMI-matched healthy subjects (BMI range=18.5–26.6 kg/m2). The association between regional CB1R availability and BMI was assessed within predefined homeostatic and reward-related regions of interest using voxel-based linear regression analyses. CB1R availability was inversely associated with BMI in homeostatic brain regions such as the hypothalamus and brainstem areas in both patients with FID and healthy subjects. However, in FID patients, CB1R availability was also negatively correlated with BMI throughout the mesolimbic reward system (midbrain, striatum, insula, amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex), which constitutes the key circuit implicated in processing appetitive motivation and hedonic value of perceived food rewards. Our results indicate that the cerebral homeostatic CB1R system is inextricably linked to BMI, with additional involvement of reward areas under conditions of disordered body weight.
What Factors Predict Who Will Have a Strong Social Network Following a Stroke?
Authors: Northcott Sarah , Marshall Jane , Hilari Katerina 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
Measures of social networks assess the number and nature of a person's social contacts, and strongly predict health outcomes. We explored how social networks change following a stroke and analyzed concurrent and baseline predictors of social networks 6 months poststroke.

Method
We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational study. Participants were assessed 2 weeks (baseline), 3 months, and 6 months poststroke. Measures comprised the Stroke Social Network Scale (Northcott & Hilari, 2013), Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (Brott et al., 1989), Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test (Enderby, Wood, Wade, & Langton Hewer, 1987), Frenchay Activities Index (Wade, Legh-Smith, & Langton Hewer, 1985), and Barthel Index (Mahoney, Wood, & Barthel, 1958). Analyses of variance and standard multiple regression were used to analyze change and identify predictors.

Results

Eighty-seven participants (37% with aphasia) were recruited; 71 (16% with aphasia) were followed up at 6 months. Social network scores declined poststroke (
p
= .001). Whereas the Children and Relatives factors remained stable, the Friends factor significantly weakened (
p
< .001). Concurrent predictors of social network at 6 months were perceived social support, ethnicity, aphasia, and extended activities of daily living (adjusted
R
2
= .42). There were 2 baseline predictors: premorbid social network and aphasia (adjusted
R
2
= .60).

Conclusions
Social networks declined poststroke. Aphasia was the only stroke-related factor measured at the time of the stroke that predicted social network 6 months later.
Automatic flipping magnet type electromagnetic energy harvester
Authors: Paul R. , George B. 
Published: July 2016

A new flipping magnet type electromagnetic energy harvester (EEH) suitable for scavenging energy from low frequency vibrations is presented in this Letter. The proposed EEH has a spherical permanent magnet (SPM), which is free to move inside a spherical bobbin that carries coils. Two cylindrical permanent magnets are employed to flip the SPM fast, even if the frequency of vibration source is low. This induces sufficient voltage in the coil to convert to dc and use. No such scheme has been reported so far and the existing EEHs give very low induced voltage for low frequency vibrations <5 Hz. Two versions of the new EEH prototypes, were built and tested. The peak‐to‐peak open circuit voltage of version‐1 was 3.5 V and the power density was 445 µW/cm3 for a matched load of 52.5 Ω at 3.5 Hz vibration. The power density of the version‐2 harvester was 538.6 µW/cm3. One of the applications of the proposed EEH is to harvest energy from railway tracks, for powering trackside monitoring sensors. The prototype developed generated up to 2.44 mW for an emulated railway track vibration in the range of 4 Hz, which is a considerable improvement compared with the existing EEHs.
Design of controllable diode PL
Authors: Qi Tian , He Songbai 
Published: July 2016

A design of controllable power limiter (CPL) using parallel reverse polarities Schotty diode is introduced. The main characteristic of the proposed PL are controllable, be difference with traditional PLs, the turning point is controllable and depend on the applied bias voltages on the diodes. For verification, a CPL using symmetry structure, with two controllable bias voltages, operating range from 1.9 to 2.7 GHz is fabricated. The measured results proved the feasibility of design, with <3 dB small signal insertion loss during the whole bandwidth the PL can limit output power at the level under 12 dBm while the large input power ranges over 30 dBm.
Filtering push–pull power amplifier based on novel impedance transformers
Authors: Zhang Bo , Dong Gaoya , Wu Yongle , Yu Cuiping , Liu Yuanan 
Published: July 2016

A novel filtering push–pull power amplifier (PPPA), based on unbalanced‐to‐balanced impedance transformers, is presented for the first time. This novel impedance transformer can not only simplify the PPPA topology and miniaturise the overall circuit size, but also provide the bandpass filtering response and improve the second harmonic suppression performance. The proposed impedance transformers, which are constructed by two different C‐type line resonators, can provide good impedance matching performance under the odd‐mode excitation, while achieve high common mode suppression under the even‐mode excitation. Finally, a PPPA is designed and fabricated with the centre frequency of 2.45 GHz and bandwidth of 200 MHz for WLAN application. Moreover, detailed explanation and measured results are demonstrated for verification.
Observation and analysis of atmospheric rainfall based on the very high frequency radar
Authors: Qing Haiyin , Chu Yenhsyang , Zhao Zhengyu , Su Chinglun , Zhou Chen , Zhang Yuannong 
Published: July 2016

Very high frequency (VHF) radar can not only get higher resolution atmospheric three‐dimensional (3D) wind fields, but also observe complex atmospheric echoes in the rainfall environment. This paper uses Chung‐Li VHF Radar with five beams to observe the frontal rainfall and explore the physical process of atmospheric rainfall. The observed results indicate: 1) the height of bright band is at about 3.5 km with the thickness about 0.5 km and is lower about 0.5 km than the zero isotherm observed by the radiosonde. 2) When the strong updraft exists, the rainfall echoes will weaken and the bright band will be indistinct; when the downdraught exists, the rainfall echoes will strengthen and the bright band will be distinct. 3) The thickness of melting layer is about 1 km, the velocity of rainfall particles in the melting layer is smaller than that below it but spectral width is the opposite. The aspect sensitivity calculated from five beams shows that the radar rainfall echoes mainly come from the anisotropic scattering below the melting layer but isotropic scattering in the melting layer.
Real‐time fault analysis of transmission lines using wavelet multi‐resolution analysis based frequency‐domain approach
Authors: Ananthan Sundaravaradan Navalpakkam , Padmanabhan Rajaraman , Meyur Rounak , Mallikarjuna Balimidi , Reddy Maddikara Jaya Bharata , Mohanta Dusmanta Kumar 
Published: July 2016

In a power system, transmission lines are prone to faults of different nature, which challenge the system stability and reliability. Thus system performance analysis under such fault conditions has drawn attention of researchers. Particularly, the advent of fast and efficient data acquisition using higher sampling rates combined with high speed digital signal processors has paved the way for efficient digital real‐time simulations. Though sustained efforts have been made by different researchers to develop some good real‐time digital simulators, this study is an attempt to implement a laboratory prototype model of a 20 V, 200 km transmission line, representing a 400 kV extra‐high voltage transmission line, so as to improve the real time performance. In addition, efficient National Instruments based data acquisition system in conjunction with LabVIEW has been incorporated to acquire the best possible representative data with commensurate characterisation and transmission with fidelity. The unique contributions of this real‐time fault analysis laboratory hybrid model are accurate fault detection and classification using a frequency‐domain approach having immunity to fault impedance and fault inception angle, which affect the time‐domain analyses severely. It is also equipped with visual displays so that even non‐experts can use it for planning and decision‐making purposes.
Identification of interharmonics using disperse energy distribution algorithm for flicker troubleshooting
Authors: Lin Hsiung Cheng 
Published: July 2016

It is well known that interharmonics close to the fundamental or harmonics may cause significant flicker. Although International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard is adopted for interharmonic measurement, the interharmonic frequencies may not be obtained accurately under this framework. Based on the frequency resolution at 5 Hz recommended by IEC, this study develops a dispersed energy distribution (DED) algorithm to measure those interharmonics that may cause flicker due to a low frequency fluctuation phenomenon. The relation between the frequency and dispersed leakage from discrete Fourier transform is induced, and the mathematical model is thus established to find the interharmonic frequency. However, the dispersed energy can be collected to retrieve its original amplitude. The performance results based on the periodically varying load verify that the proposed scheme can achieve reliable, rapid and accurate outcome.
Highly compression‐tolerant folded carbon nanotube/paper as solid‐state supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Song Yu , Cheng Xiaoliang , Chen Haotian , Han Mengdi , Chen Xuexian , Huang Jiahuan , Su Zongming , Zhang Haixia 
Published: July 2016

An original highly compression‐tolerant folded carbon nanotube (CNT)/paper electrode, which could be assembled into compressible solid‐state supercapacitor with polyvinyl alcohol/phosphoric acid gel electrolyte, is designed. It is worth mentioning that both the compression‐tolerant ability of the folded structure and the strain ability of the CNT electrode are conducive to achieving the compressible supercapacitor. Such device could withstand pressure and shape‐changing, which has great potential to be used in various environments. This compressible solid‐state supercapacitor also owns the maximum specific capacitance of 11.07 mF/cm2, and capacitance retention retains more than 90% after 100 cycling times. Furthermore, the stability performance of the device is also discussed which is almost steady under 50% strain state. When two devices are connected in serial and fully charged, this power unit could light up a red light emitting diode continuously even under the compression state. Therefore, this device performs as a promising candidate to be compatible with other compression‐tolerant electronics and enlightens a broad field of compressible energy storage and self‐powered systems.
Left cortical specialization for visual letter strings predicts rudimentary knowledge of letter-sound association in preschoolers
Authors: Lochy Aliette , Van Reybroeck Marie , Rossion Bruno 
Published: July 2016

Significance
This study reports a robust and specific marker of sensitivity to print in 5-y-old prereaders, in the form of an electrophysiological response recorded over visual areas of the left hemisphere in only 2 min. The significant correlation with rudimentary letter knowledge in preschoolers, a behavioral measure taken independently, suggests rapid domain-specific specialization of neuronal circuits, beyond mere visual familiarity. These findings also highlight the potential of an objective and highly sensitive behavior-free approach to assess letter knowledge, a precursor of reading ability, in developmental populations.
Disruptions of network connectivity predict impairment in multiple behavioral domains after stroke
Authors: Siegel Joshua Sarfaty , Ramsey Lenny E. , Snyder Abraham Z. , Metcalf Nicholas V. , Chacko Ravi V. , Weinberger Kilian , Baldassarre Antonello , Hacker Carl D. , Shulman Gordon L. , Corbetta Maurizio 
Published: July 2016

SignificanceSince the early days of neuroscience, the relative merit of structural vs. functional network accounts in explaining neurological deficits has been intensely debated. Using a large stroke cohort and a machine-learning approach, we show that visual memory and verbal memory deficits are better predicted by functional connectivity than by lesion location, and visual and motor deficits are better predicted by lesion location than functional connectivity. In addition, we show that disruption to a subset of cortical areas predicts general cognitive deficit (spanning multiple behavior domains). These results shed light on the complementary value of structural vs. functional accounts of stroke, and provide a physiological mechanism for general multidomain deficits seen after stroke.
Decreased function of survival motor neuron protein impairs endocytic pathways
Authors: Dimitriadi Maria , Derdowski Aaron , Kalloo Geetika , Maginnis Melissa S. , O’Hern Patrick , Bliska Bryn , Sorkaç Altar , Nguyen Ken C. Q. , Cook Steven J. , Poulogiannis George , Atwood Walter J. , Hall David H. , Hart Anne C. 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating motor neuron disease, caused by decreased levels of the ubiquitous survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Despite the well-characterized role of SMN in pre-mRNA splicing, it remains unclear why SMA has a high carrier frequency (∼1:50 Caucasians) and why diminished SMN affects synaptic function. Here, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that SMN depletion causes defects in endosomal trafficking that impair synaptic function. Additionally, diminished SMN in human cells reduced endocytosis-dependent viral infection. It is possible that decreased SMN function may increase resistance to infection. Our findings point to endocytic trafficking as a major player in SMA pathogenesis.
Genetic evidence for natural selection in humans in the contemporary United States
Authors: Beauchamp Jonathan P. 
Published: July 2016

Significance
I leverage recent advances in molecular genetics to test directly whether genetic variants associated with a number of phenotypes have been under natural selection in the contemporary United States. My finding that natural selection has been slowly occurring for genetic variants associated with educational attainment and (suggestively, in females) for variants associated with age at menarche provides additional evidence that humans are still evolving—albeit slowly and at a rate that cannot account for more than a small fraction of the large changes that have occurred over the past few generations.
Psychological resilience and the gene regulatory impact of posttraumatic stress in Nepali child soldiers
Authors: Kohrt Brandon A. , Worthman Carol M. , Adhikari Ramesh P. , Luitel Nagendra P. , Arevalo Jesusa M. G. , Ma Jeffrey , McCreath Heather , Seeman Teresa E. , Crimmins Eileen M. , Cole Steven W. 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Adverse life conditions are linked to increased expression of proinflammatory genes and reduced expression of antiviral genes. However, these findings have come from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies. Therefore, we evaluated adversity-related gene regulation among former child soldiers in Nepal—a non-WEIRD population. We found that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and resilience were inversely and independently associated with gene regulation among a population exposed to war during childhood. The results suggest that gene regulation responses to adversity are not restricted to WEIRD contexts and they underscore the role of psychological resilience in determining the molecular impact of traumatic experiences. Promoting resilience, even in the absence of PTSD symptom reduction, may have benefits for physical and mental health.
Assignment of function to a domain of unknown function: DUF1537 is a new kinase family in catabolic pathways for acid sugars
Authors: Zhang Xinshuai , Carter Michael S. , Vetting Matthew W. , San Francisco Brian , Zhao Suwen , Al-Obaidi Nawar F. , Solbiati Jose O. , Thiaville Jennifer J. , de Crécy-Lagard Valérie , Jacobson Matthew P. , Almo Steven C. , Gerlt John A. 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Domain of unknown function (DUF) families constitute 3,892 of the 16,295 families in the Pfam database (release 29.0). Given their biological importance, large-scale strategies are required to accomplish their functional assignments. Here, we illustrate an integrated “genomic enzymology” strategy to identify diverse functions within the DUF1537 family (PF07005). We combined high-throughput ligand screening results for transport system solute binding proteins with the synergetic analysis of sequence similarity networks and genome neighborhood networks to establish that the members of the DUF1537 family are novel ATP-dependent four-carbon sugar kinases. This study illustrates the utility of this strategy and enhances our knowledge of bacterial carbohydrate catabolism.
FoxO3 regulates neuronal reprogramming of cells from postnatal and aging mice
Authors: Ahlenius Henrik , Chanda Soham , Webb Ashley E. , Yousif Issa , Karmazin Jesse , Prusiner Stanley B. , Brunet Anne , Südhof Thomas C. , Wernig Marius 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Direct reprogramming of nonneuronal cells into induced neuronal (iN) cells has been of great interest for its potential applications in neurological disease modeling. Although this approach is well-established using cells from embryonic and neonatal animals, its applicability for cells from adult and aged animals has remained unexplored. This study demonstrates that iN cells can be efficiently generated from aging animals, but that age-dependent roadblocks which depend on the transcription factor FoxO3 affect the reprogramming efficiency and functional maturation of iN cell properties. Eliminating these roadblocks may be useful for modeling age-related neurological disorders using iN cells.
Growing timescales and lengthscales characterizing vibrations of amorphous solids
Authors: Berthier Ludovic , Charbonneau Patrick , Jin Yuliang , Parisi Giorgio , Seoane Beatriz , Zamponi Francesco 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Amorphous solids constitute most of solid matter but remain poorly understood. The recent solution of the mean-field hard-sphere glass former provides, however, deep insights into their material properties. In particular, this solution predicts a Gardner transition below which the energy landscape of glasses becomes fractal and the solid is marginally stable. Here we provide, to our knowledge, the first direct evidence for the relevance of a Gardner transition in physical systems. This result thus opens the way toward a unified understanding of the low-temperature anomalies of amorphous solids.
Mitotic protein kinase CDK1 phosphorylation of mRNA translation regulator 4E-BP1 Ser83 may contribute to cell transformation
Authors: Velásquez Celestino , Cheng Erdong , Shuda Masahiro , Lee-Oesterreich Paula J. , Pogge von Strandmann Lisa , Gritsenko Marina A. , Jacobs Jon M. , Moore Patrick S. , Chang Yuan 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) hyperphosphorylation is implicated in various cancers. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) targeting of canonical sites—Thr37, Thr46, Ser65, and Thr70—inhibits 4E-BP1 translation repression activity and promotes protein synthesis, which in turn leads to overexpression of several cellular oncoproteins. In addition to the canonical sites, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) phosphorylates 4E-BP1 at Ser83 during mitosis, which interestingly does not affect translation. Rather, this phosphorylation site is permissive for Merkel cell polyomavirus small T viral oncoprotein-induced cell transformation. These findings shed light on a previously unidentified role for mitotic 4E-BP1 in cancer cell growth.
p53-Dependent DNA damage response sensitive to editing-defective tRNA synthetase in zebrafish
Authors: Song Youngzee , Shi Yi , Carland Tristan M. , Lian Shanshan , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Schork Nicholas J. , Head Steven R. , Kishi Shuji , Schimmel Paul 
Published: July 2016

SignificanceAlthough DNA damage is a well-known cause of disease, its connection, if any, to mistranslation is unclear. Here, we used an editing-defective tRNA synthetase to show how an editing defect in zebrafish leads to severe consequences during development and to a shortened overall life span of adult fish. These effects were p53-dependent and reflect a strong connection of mistranslation to the DNA damage response. In addition, deep sequencing of genomic DNA revealed that expression of the editing-defective tRNA synthetase was mutagenic. We suggest that the p53-dependent DNA damage response links translational and genomic fidelity to promote vertebrate homeostasis.
Multicellularity makes somatic differentiation evolutionarily stable
Authors: Wahl Mary E. , Murray Andrew W. 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Unicellular species lack the nonreproductive somatic cell types that characterize complex multicellular organisms. We consider two alternative explanations: first, that the costs of lost reproductive potential never exceed the benefits of somatic cells in unicellular organisms; and second, that somatic cells may profit a unicellular population but leave it vulnerable to invasion by common mutants. We test these hypotheses using engineered yeast strains that permit direct comparisons of fitness and evolutionary stability between lifestyles. We find that the benefits of somatic cell production can exceed the costs in unicellular strains. Multicellular, soma-producing strains resist invasion by nondifferentiating mutants that overtake unicellular populations, supporting the theory that somatic differentiation is stabilized by population structure imposed by multicellularity.
Maintenance of normal blood pressure is dependent on IP3R1-mediated regulation of eNOS
Authors: Yuan Qi , Yang Jingyi , Santulli Gaetano , Reiken Steven R. , Wronska Anetta , Kim Mindy M. , Osborne Brent W. , Lacampagne Alain , Yin Yuxin , Marks Andrew R. 
Published: July 2016

Significance
In this study, we demonstrate that type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor channels are critically involved in the activation of the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway in endothelial cells. This pathway plays an essential role in the maintenance of normal blood pressure, with important implications in the clinical scenario.