bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Atypical Symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Li Polly W.C. , Yu Doris S.F. 
Published: December 2015

Background:
Atypical symptom presentation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with longer delay in care seeking and poorer prognosis. Symptom recognition in these patients is a challenging task.

Objectives:
Our purpose in this risk prediction model development study was to develop and validate a risk scoring system for estimating cumulative risk for atypical AMI presentation.

Methods:
A consecutive sample was recruited for the developmental (n = 300) and validation (n = 97) cohorts. Symptom experience was measured with the validated Chinese version of the Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndromes Inventory. Potential predictors were identified from the literature. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify significant predictors. A risk scoring system was then constructed by assigning weights to each significant predictor according to their b coefficients.

Results:
Five independent predictors for atypical symptom presentation were older age (≥75 years), female gender, diabetes mellitus, history of AMI, and absence of hyperlipidemia. The Hosmer and Lemeshow test (χ
2
6 = 4.47, P = .62) indicated that this predictive model was adequate to predict the outcome. Acceptable discrimination was demonstrated, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve as 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.67–0.82) (P < .001). The predictive power of this risk scoring system was confirmed in the validation cohort.

Conclusions:
Atypical AMI presentation is common. A simple risk scoring system developed on the basis of the 5 identified predictors can raise awareness of atypical AMI presentation and promote symptom recognition by estimating the cumulative risk for an individual to present with atypical AMI symptoms.
Fighting for innovation: exploring the role of conflicts in enabling team innovation
Authors: Batra Safal 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
– This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
– Using a survey conducted on 436 candidates belonging to 126 teams, He et al. (2014) found that cognitive and affective conflicts have different implications for team innovations. Further, conflict management styles moderate these relationships. Given the emphasis on innovation in organizations and the realization that innovation can offer sustainable competitive advantage, the findings of this research by He et al. (2014) have implications for practitioners and organizations.

Practical implications
– The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
– The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
High velocity markets drive adaptive capabilities
Authors: Oliver John J. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
– This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
– The competitive environment is improving, but the high levels of turbulence mean that an increasing number of media firms believe that they are adapting too slowly to change.

Practical implications
– The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
– The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Effect of postpartum pelvic floor muscle training on vaginal symptoms and sexual dysfunction—secondary analysis of a randomised trial
Authors: Kolberg Tennfjord M , Hilde G , Stær‐Jensen J , Siafarikas F , Engh M Ellström , Bø K 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveEvaluate effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on vaginal symptoms and sexual matters, dyspareunia and coital incontinence in primiparous women stratified by major or no defects of the levator ani muscle.DesignRandomised controlled trial (RCT).SettingAkershus University Hospital, Norway.SampleAbout 175 primiparous women with a singleton vaginal delivery.MethodsTwo‐armed assessor blinded parallel group RCT from 6 weeks to 6 months postpartum comparing effect of PFMT versus control.Main outcome measuresInternational Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire—vaginal symptoms questionnaire (ICIQ‐VS) and ICIQ sexual matters module (ICIQ‐FLUTSsex).ResultsOverall, analysis (n = 175) showed no difference between training and control groups in women having vaginal symptoms or symptoms related to sexual dysfunction 6 months postpartum. The majority of women (88%) had intercourse and there was no difference between groups. Unadjusted subgroup analysis of women with a major defect of the levator ani muscle (n = 55) showed that women in the training group had 45% less risk of having the symptom ‘vagina feels loose or lax’ compared with the control group (relative risk 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.31, 0.95; P = 0.03).ConclusionsUnadjusted analysis showed that in women with major defect of the levator ani muscle, significantly fewer in the training group had the symptom ‘vagina feels loose or lax’ compared with the control group. No difference was found between groups for symptoms related to sexual dysfunction. More studies are needed to explore effect of PFMT on vaginal symptoms and sexual dysfunction.Tweetable abstractUnadjusted analysis shows that PFMT might prevent symptoms of ‘vagina feels loose or lax’.
The Depoliticisation of Accountability Processes for Land‐Based Grievances, and the IFC CAO
Authors: Balaton‐Chrimes Samantha , Haines Fiona 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMany development finance institutions have responded to calls for accountability for social and environmental harms associated with their lending by creating Independent Accountability Mechanisms (IAMs). We argue that IAMs can, at their best, provide relief for those concerned with the nature of the implementation of development projects, thereby addressing what we call immanent complaints about social and environmental impacts. However, IAMs are poorly placed to address what we call contestational grievances: those that entail a rejection of core tenets of the lending institution's development model. Such contestational grievances frequently arise when communities and their supporters reject the commodification of land and associated displacement of people and their livelihoods. Analysis draws on the International Finance Corporation Compliance‐Advisor‐Ombudsman (IFC CAO)'s handling of a complaint about the palm oil company Wilmar in Indonesia. We argue that because the CAO is institutionally embedded within the IFC, it shares its normative grounding with the institution it holds to account, and therefore risks organising and legitimating accountability failures related to contestational land‐based grievances.
Pension accrual management and research and development investment
Authors: Sasaki Takafumi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study investigates whether discretion in reporting pension expenses mitigates research and development (R&D) manipulation. Using a sample of Japanese manufacturing firms during the fiscal years 2001–2011 where both pension costs and R&D expenditures have large impacts on the bottom‐line earnings, I find that higher discount rates are associated with higher R&D investment among firms in which pension expenses could have large impacts on reported earnings. I also find that this relationship is found only among firms in high‐tech industries. These results suggest that pension accrual management substitutes costly R&D manipulation that may hurt future competitive edge.
Differential expression of genes in milk of dairy cattle during lactation
Authors: Yang Jie , Jiang Jicai , Liu Xuan , Wang Haifei , Guo Gang , Zhang Qin , Jiang Li 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe milk fat globule (MFG) is one of the most representative of mammary gland tissues and can be utilized to study gene expression of lactating cows during lactation. In this study, RNA‐seq technology was employed to detect differential expression of genes in MFGs at day 10 and day 70 after calving between two groups of cows with extremely high (H group) and low (L group) 305‐day milk yield, milk fat yield and milk protein yield. In total, 1232, 81, 429 and 178 significantly differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate q < 0.05) were detected between H10 and L10, H70 and L70, H10 and H70, and L10 and L70 respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment and pathway analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes were enriched in biological processes involved in mammary gland development, protein and lipid metabolism process, signal transduction, cellular process, differentiation and immune function. Among these differentially expressed genes, 178 (H10 vs. L10), 4 (H70 vs. L70), 68 (H10 vs. H70) and 22 (L10 vs. L70) were found to be located within previously reported QTL regions for milk production traits. Based on these results, some promising candidate genes for milk production traits in dairy cattle were suggested.
1,25‐Dihydroxy Vitamin D3 Modulates Endometriosis‐Related Features of Human Endometriotic Stromal Cells
Authors: Delbandi Ali‐Akbar , Mahmoudi Mahmoud , Shervin Adel , Zarnani Amir‐Hassan 
Published: December 2015

ProblemWe aimed to evaluate modulatory effects of vitamin D3 on endometriosis‐related features of endometriotic stromal cells.Method of studyThe effect of vitamin D3 on adhesion, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine production, and angiogenesis potential of the eutopic (EuESCs), ectopic (EESCs), and control (CESCs) stromal cells from 25 women with and 20 women without endometriosis was investigated.ResultsIn all groups, vitamin D3 significantly increased cell adhesion (P = 0.0013–0.042), while decreased invasion (P = 0.026–0.031) and proliferation (P = 0.0013–0.039) of EESCs and EuESCs. Such treatment also resulted in a significant decrease in IL‐6 production by EESCs (P = 0.039), but had no significant effect on the IL‐8 production. This vitamin also caused significant decrease in Bcl‐2 gene expression by EuESCs (P = 0.04) and Bcl‐xL by EESCs (P = 0.044–0.009). In addition, vitamin D3 treatment reduced VEGF‐A gene expression by EESCs (P = 0.046–0.009).ConclusionBased on substantial favourable in vitro effects of vitamin D3 in endometriosis‐related features of human endometriotic stromal cells, further investigations on therapeutic potential of this hormone in endometriosis are warranted.
The Fiscal Roots of Financial Underdevelopment
Authors: Menaldo Victor 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWhy do some countries indulge in financial repression, harming economic development in the process, whereas others promote financial development? Three main explanations have been put forth. Market failures, due to information asymmetries, mean that credit is rationed even when lenders could potentially benefit from making loans readily available. Political failures, due to state capture, mean that credit will be rationed as a way of generating rents for politically powerful financial incumbents. The state might, however, have its own fiscal reasons for politicizing the supply and price of credit, since financial repression provides easy‐to‐collect revenues. I draw on the third approach to argue that the state's fiscal imperative is usually the primary reason behind financial repression, and even when private actors benefit, they are subordinate to this concern. A dynamic panel analysis that exploits instrumental variables and a case study of Mexico adduce strong empirical support for my fiscal transaction cost theory.Replication MaterialsThe data, code, and any additional materials required to replicate all analyses in this article are available on the American Journal of Political Science Dataverse within the Harvard Dataverse Network, at: http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/WVQ10L.
Cooperation, coordination and competition: Why do municipalities participate in economic development alliances?
Authors: Spicer Zachary 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEconomic development is a policy area typically seen by municipalities as competitive in nature. Cooperation with neighbouring municipalities is rare, as the benefits are often selective. This paper examines the formation and governance of economic development alliances in Canada, specifically exploring the motivations of municipalities entering into these cooperative relationships. Four main factors influenced a municipality's decision to cooperate on economic development: reducing duplication, increasing international visibility, filling service gaps, and allowing for greater access to federal and provincial grants. Economic conditions dictated the course of partnership. Dividing mutual gains is the major challenge to overcome in order to keep economic development alliances together.
Long‐term effectiveness of school‐based children oral hygiene program on oral health after 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Lai Hongmin , Fann Jean Ching‐Yuan , Yen Amy Ming‐Fang , Chen Li‐Sheng , Lai Min‐Hua , Chiu Sherry Yueh‐Hsia 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term effectiveness of a school‐based child oral hygiene program on oral heath after approximately 10 years of follow‐up.MethodsA prospective cohort study was designed to include 120 schoolchildren aged 10–11 years with instructions on how to practice daily flossing and brushing under the supervision of school nurses for one semester (the intervention group) and to recruit a comparison group with no intervention from 120 classmates matched by gender (the nonintervention group). Both groups participated in a questionnaire survey and received dental examinations after long‐term follow‐up.ResultsThe mean value of overall plaque score in the intervention group (16.9%) was lower than that of the nonintervention group (32.6%); the adjusted relative risk (aRR) of having a plaque score for the intervention group versus the nonintervention group was 0.4 (95% CI: 0.3, 0.5). The percentage of pocketing (CPI ≧ 2) in the intervention group (75.0%) was lower than that of the nonintervention group (90.8%); the aRR of having calculus or pocketing (CPI ≧ 2) was 0.3 (95% CI: 0.1, 0.6). The intervention group had lower DMFT values and DMFS score than the nonintervention group (4.1 and 6.6 versus 6.2 and 11.0). Moreover, the intervention group had significantly better dental knowledge and habits and dental conditions than the nonintervention group.ConclusionsThis longitudinal follow‐up study demonstrated that a highly targeted oral hygiene program can display positive long‐term effectiveness.
Early childhood cortisol reactivity moderates the effects of parent–child relationship quality on the development of children's temperament in early childhood
Authors: Kopala‐Sibley Daniel C. , Dougherty Lea R. , Dyson Margret W. , Laptook Rebecca S. , Olino Thomas M. , Bufferd Sara J. , Klein Daniel N. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPositive parenting has been related both to lower cortisol reactivity and more adaptive temperament traits in children, whereas elevated cortisol reactivity may be related to maladaptive temperament traits, such as higher negative emotionality (NE) and lower positive emotionality (PE). However, no studies have examined whether hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activity, as measured by cortisol reactivity, moderates the effect of the quality of the parent–child relationship on changes in temperament in early childhood. In this study, 126 3‐year‐olds were administered the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery (Lab‐TAB; Goldsmith et al., 1995) as a measure of temperamental NE and PE. Salivary cortisol was collected from the child at 4 time points during this task. The primary parent and the child completed the Teaching Tasks battery (Egeland et al., 1995), from which the quality of the relationship was coded. At age 6, children completed the Lab‐TAB again. From age 3 to 6, adjusting for age 3 PE or NE, a better quality relationship with their primary parent predicted decreases in NE for children with elevated cortisol reactivity and predicted increases in PE for children with low cortisol reactivity. Results have implications for our understanding of the interaction of biological stress systems and the parent–child relationship in the development of temperament in childhood.
Pre‐wintering conditions and post‐winter performance in a solitary bee: does diapause impose an energetic cost on reproductive success?
Authors: SGOLASTRA FABIO , ARNAN XAVIER , PITTS‐SINGER THERESA L. , MAINI STEFANO , KEMP WILLIAM P. , BOSCH JORDI 
Published: December 2015

1. Diapause is a dynamic process of low metabolic activity that allows insects to survive periods of harsh conditions. Notwithstanding the lowered metabolism, and because diapausing insects have no access to food, diapause has an energetic cost that may affect post‐diapause performance.2. Previous studies on the solitary bee Osmia lignaria have shown that prolonged pre‐wintering periods (the time during which individuals already in diapause remain at warm temperatures) are associated with elevated lipid consumption, fat body depletion, and body weight loss. The present study investigated whether prolonged pre‐wintering also affects reproduction, i.e. whether the costs associated with diapause could have an effect on post‐diapause performance in this species.3. Females were exposed to a range of pre‐wintering conditions, and ovary development and individual post‐wintering performance were monitored throughout their adult life span.4. No evidence of an effect of pre‐wintering duration on post‐diapause reproductive success was found. Expected differences in the timing of establishment were not observed because ovary maturation was, surprisingly, not arrested during pre‐wintering. Prolonged pre‐wintering duration did not result in decreased life span, probably because emerging females could rapidly replenish their metabolic reserves through feeding. However, there was a very strong effect of the duration of the pre‐emergence period on the likelihood of nest establishment.5. Longevity, the main factor determining fecundity in Osmia, is subjected to high levels of intrinsic variability, even among females of similar size exposed to identical conditions during development and nesting.
On the role of host phenotypic plasticity in host shifting by parasites
Authors: Mason Peri Alexandra 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEcological speciation appears to contribute to the diversification of insect herbivores and other parasites, which together comprise a major component of Earth's biodiversity. Host shifts are likely an important step in ecological speciation, and understanding how such shifts occur is critical to forming and testing hypotheses explaining parasite diversity. In this article, I argue that phenotypic variation in hosts arising from environmental variation (phenotypic plasticity) can promote shifts in parasites by bridging both spatiotemporal and phenotypic gaps between ancestral and novel hosts. This hypothesis, which I call the ‘plastic‐bridge hypothesis’, is conceptually distinct from those invoking genetic variation in bridging these gaps. I describe the mechanistic basis of plastic bridges, review circumstantial evidence in support of the hypothesis and suggest strategies for testing it. I use herbivorous insects and their host plants as a model, but the proposed ideas apply to any system fitting a broad definition of a host‐parasite relationship. The plastic‐bridge perspective suggests that parasite diversity is not only due to divergent selection provided by hosts, but also to the intraspecific variation that facilitates shifts between them. This view is timely, as biological invasion and range shifts associated with climate change foster novel interactions between parasites and hosts.
Response of plankton to nutrients, planktivory and terrestrial organic matter: a model analysis of whole‐lake experiments
Authors: Carpenter Stephen R. , Cole Jonathan J. , Pace Michael L. , Wilkinson Grace M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTerrestrial organic matter can be assimilated by aquatic consumers but implications for biomass and production are unresolved. An ecosystem model was fit to estimate effects of phosphorus (P) load, planktivory, and supply rate of terrestrial particulate organic carbon (TPOC) on phytoplankton and zooplankton in five whole‐lake experiments. Phytoplankton biomass increased with P load and planktivory and decreased with TPOC supply rate. Zooplankton biomass increased with P load and responded weakly to planktivory and TPOC supply rate. Zooplankton allochthony (proportion of carbon from terrestrial sources) decreased with P load and planktivory and increased with TPOC supply rate. Lakes with low allochthony (< 0.3) had wide ranges of phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass and production, depending on P load and planktivory. Lakes with high allochthony (> 0.3) had low biomass and production of both phytoplankton and zooplankton. In summary, terrestrial OC inhibits primary production and is a relatively low‐quality food source for zooplankton.
‘PrP systemic deposition disease’: clinical and pathological characteristics of novel familial prion disease with 2‐bp deletion in codon 178
Authors: Matsuzono K. , Honda H. , Sato K. , Morihara R. , Deguchi K. , Hishikawa N. , Yamashita T. , Kono S. , Ohta Y. , Iwaki T. , Abe K. 
Published: December 2015

Background and purposeA novel TYPE of prion disease associated mainly with autonomic‐sensory polyneuropathy was reported by us previously.MethodsHere the autopsy pathology for patient 1 (the sister) and the clinical characteristics of her younger brother (patient 2) are newly reported. Polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the prion protein gene (PRNP) was performed on both patients and their father (normal control).ResultsPolymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed a 2‐bp deletion (CT) in codon 178 that causes an additional variable 25 amino acids at the C terminal, from the mutation site to the premature stop codon at codon 203, in both patients 1 and 2 but not in their father. The autopsy of patient 1 showed remarkable prion protein (PrP) deposits in the sympathetic ganglion and peripheral nerves, correlated to her severe autonomic sensory failure. PrP deposits were also found in the central nervous system and peripheral organs such as the heart, lung, stomach, jejunum, ileum, colon, urinary bladder and adrenal gland. The symptoms and biopsy findings of patient 2 were nearly the same as those reported previously for patient 1. His cognitive function was well preserved, but autonomic functions were severely impaired. His biopsied samples showed PrP deposits in the sural nerve and nerve plexuses of the stomach and colon.ConclusionThe present unique 2‐bp deletion (CT) in codon 178 induced a ‘PrP systemic deposition disease’ such as pan‐autonomic failure, sensory neuropathy and mild cognitive impairment with a specific pathology.