Abstract 2458: Targeting checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) with the small molecule inhibitor LY2606368 mesylate monohydrate in models of high-risk pediatric cancer yields significant antitumor effects
Authors: May Caitlin D. , Beckmann Richard , Blosser Wayne , Dowless Michele , VanWye Alle , Burke Teresa , Oakley Gerard , Stephens Jennifer , Stewart Julie , Falcon Beverly , Stancato Louis 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
CHK1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase essential for S-phase and G2/M cell cycle checkpoint regulation following DNA damage. Targeted inhibition of CHK1 in several tumor types increases DNA damage and replication stress, culminating in cell death through mitotic catastrophe. Recent studies have identified CHK1 as a therapeutic target in several pediatric tumor types. We evaluated the antitumor efficacy of LY2606368 mesylate monohydrate (“LY”), a checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1)/CHK2 inhibitor currently in early phase clinical trials for adult solid cancers, in a panel of pediatric tumor cell lines and mouse models of embryonal tumors and pediatric sarcoma. In vitro effects of LY were assessed via Cell Titer Glo, immunoblotting, and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry. For in vivo studies, mice bearing cell-derived (CDX) or patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of several pediatric tumor types were treated with four weekly cycles of 10 mg/kg LY BID for 3 consecutive days, followed by a 4 day dosing holiday. Tumor volume and body weight were measured 2x weekly. Xenograft tumor health following LY, chemotherapy, or combination treatment was evaluated by fluorescent immunohistochemistry (IHC) for a panel of markers for cell proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis (TUNEL), and angiogenesis (CD31, smooth muscle actin [SMA], MECA32). Single digit nanomolar sensitivity to LY was observed in the majority of pediatric cancer cell lines evaluated in vitro. A more detailed analysis of LY-treated neuroblastoma and pediatric sarcoma cell lines showed increased DNA damage, CHK1 phosphorylation, and MAPK pathway activation. Significant single agent LY activity was observed in mouse models of neuroblastoma and pediatric sarcoma, but not in models of hepatoblastoma or retinoblastoma. Acquired resistance to LY was observed in the ST162 and SJCRH30 models of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Interestingly, more stroma was observed following LY single agent treatment as measured by CD31, SMA, and MECA32 IHC staining; co-treatment with chemotherapy reduced the amount of SMA expressing-cells. Overall, our data demonstrate that LY is highly effective as a single agent in murine in vivo models of human neuroblastoma and several pediatric sarcoma subtypes. Current studies include further evaluation of the LY mechanism of action; investigation into the mechanism of intrinsic and acquired resistance; and identification of possible biomarkers for LY sensitivity.
Citation Format: Caitlin D. May, Richard Beckmann, Wayne Blosser, Michele Dowless, Alle VanWye, Teresa Burke, Gerard Oakley, Jennifer Stephens, Julie Stewart, Beverly Falcon, Louis Stancato. Targeting checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) with the small molecule inhibitor LY2606368 mesylate monohydrate in models of high-risk pediatric cancer yields significant antitumor effects. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2458.