bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major, Claire Howell (2015) Teaching onlineJohns Hopkins U P (Baltimore, & John Wiley) isbn 978‐1‐4214‐1633‐5 320 pp £19.50 https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/content/teaching‐online
Authors: Dettori Giuliana 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThis book, addressed to teachers and other professionals involved in higher education, concerns the many changes entailed by teaching online. It offers in a clear way a synthesis of theory and practice, based on the literature plus interviews with many experts in the field. It can provide a useful stimulus for deep reflection on its subject. If you think the content of this book may well be likely to be relevant, I recommend that you buy a copy.Giuliana Dettori
Sahlberg, Pasi (2015) Finnish lessons 2.0Teachers College Press (Columbia University, NY & Eurospan, London) isbn 978‐0‐8077‐5585‐3 237 pp £18.50 http://store.tcpress.com/0807755850.shtml
Authors: Brescia William 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIf you are interested in systematic school reform, you must read this book. Sahlberg tells us how Finland was highly successful—and continues to be highly successful—in school reform; it includes some well chosen advice on how any country can achieve similarly. If this book seems likely to be relevant, I recommend that you buy your own copy.William Brescia
Gender‐related differential effect of tachykinin NK2 receptor‐mediated visceral hyperalgesia in guinea pig colon
Authors: Bellucci F , Buéno L , Bugianesi R , Crea A , D'Aranno V , Meini S , Santicioli P , Tramontana M , Maggi CA 
Published: January 2016

Background and PurposeThe tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist ibodutant is under Phase III clinical investigation to treat female patients with irritable bowel syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the NK2 receptor‐related gender specificity in a model of colitis.Experimental ApproachColitis was induced by rectal instillation of 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS, 0.5 mL, 30 mg·mL−1 in 30% ethanol) in female and male guinea pigs. Electromyographic recording of the responses to colorectal distension (CRD) was made 3 days later. Ibodutant (0.33 , 0.65, 1.9 and 6.5 mg·kg−1) was given s.c., 30 min before CRD. Release of neurokinin A and substance P from isolated mucosal and smooth muscle tissues following treatment with KCl (80 mM) or capsaicin (10 μM) was measured by EIA. Plasma pharmacokinetics of ibodutant following a single s.c. administration (0.73 or 2.1 mg·kg−1) were measured over 24 h.Key ResultsIbodutant did not affect abdominal contractions in control animals. After TNBS‐induced colitis, ibodutant prevented the increased visceral hypersensitivity to CRD in females, at lower doses than in males. Ibodutant pharmacokinetics did not differ between females and males. Tachykinins release was greater in smooth muscle than in mucosal samples. Capsaicin‐stimulated release of tachykinins from inflamed mucosal samples from females was significantly lower than in males.Conclusions and ImplicationsIbodutant prevented abdominal nociception in a model of visceral hypersensitivity in guinea pigs with a greater efficacy in females than in males. Our results highlight a gender‐related difference in colonic visceral hypersensitivity and mucosal nerve activation.
Applying global criteria to tracking data to define important areas for marine conservation
Authors: Lascelles B. G. , Taylor P. R. , Miller M. G. R. , Dias M. P. , Oppel S. , Torres L. , Hedd A. , Le Corre M. , Phillips R. A. , Shaffer S. A. , Weimerskirch H. , Small C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimEnhanced management of areas important for marine biodiversity are now obligations under a range of international treaties. Tracking data provide unparalleled information on the distribution of marine taxa, but there are no agreed guidelines that ensure these data are used consistently to identify biodiversity hotspots and inform marine management decisions. Here, we develop methods to standardize the analysis of tracking data to identify sites of conservation importance at global and regional scales.LocationWe applied these methods to the largest available compilation of seabird tracking data, covering 60 species, collected from 55 deployment locations ranging from the poles to the tropics.MethodsKey developments include a test for pseudo‐replication to assess the independence of two groups of tracking data, an objective approach to define species‐specific smoothing parameters (h values) for kernel density estimation based on area‐restricted search behaviour, and an analysis to determine whether sites identified from tracked individuals are also representative for the wider population.ResultsThis analysis delineated priority sites for marine conservation for 52 of the 60 species assessed. We compiled 252 data groupings and defined 1052 polygons, between them meeting Important Bird and Biodiversity Area criteria over 1500 times. Other results showed 13% of data groups were inadequate for site definition and 10% showed some level of pseudo‐replication. Between 25 and 50 trips were needed within a data group for data to be considered at least partially representative of the respective population.Main conclusionsOur approach provides a consistent framework for using animal tracking data to delineate areas of global conservation importance, allowing greater integration into marine spatial planning and policy. The approaches we describe are exemplified for pelagic seabirds, but are applicable to a range of taxonomic groups. Covering 4.3% of the oceans, the sites identified would benefit from enhanced protection to better safeguard the threatened species populations they contain.
Carers' and service users' experiences of early intervention in psychosis services: implications for care partnerships
Authors: Allard Jon , Lancaster Susan , Clayton Sara , Amos Tim , Birchwood Max 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo explore carers' and service users' experiences of UK Early Intervention Services following referral for first‐episode psychosis.MethodsThirty‐two semi‐structured interviews (16 interviews with service users and 16 corresponding interviews with their carers) were completed and analysed.ResultsCarers spoke retrospectively and prospectively by framing their accounts into the periods before and since their engagement with Early Intervention Services. Desperation was evident as emotive experiences were recalled prior to referral. Relief then emerged as carers described support and engagement with key workers. Hope and optimism for the service user's prognosis and life trajectory were also expressed.Service users described similar positive experiences of Early Intervention Services and the support and insight they had gained through their relationships with key workers. They were however less focused on accounts of desperation and relief and more immersed in their current understanding and attempts to normalize their experiences of first‐episode psychosis. Prognosis and future trajectories were only discussed tentatively.ConclusionCommunication and ‘partnerships’ with service users and carers are essential for effective service engagement, delivery of care and the reduction in relapse following first‐episode psychosis. This study highlights how key workers from Early Intervention Services are appropriately valued and situated to develop such relationships. Findings also reveal that service users' and carers' focus and expectations of recovery vary during the early stages of engagement with services. How key workers manage awareness and communication around such differing expectations is a crucial consideration for maintaining the ‘partnerships’ necessary for effective service provision.
How Informative Is Floating NAV When Securities Trade Infrequently?
Authors: Allen Kyle D. , Cashman George D. , Winters Drew B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe examine if a floating net asset value (NAV) increases the transparency of risk for investors. Using closed‐income fixed income funds we find little evidence that a floating NAV helps investors better understand the value and risk of a fund when a fund's assets trade infrequently. This potentially informs the debate regarding the adoption of a floating NAV in the money market industry. Our results suggest that it is unlikely that the benefits of floating NAV will outweigh the costs.
Species co‐occurrence analysis: pairwise versus matrix‐level approaches
Authors: Arita Héctor T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractVeech (2013, Global Ecology and Biogeography, 22, 252–260) introduced a formula to calculate the probability of two species co‐occurring in various sites under the assumption of statistical independence between the two distributional patterns. He presented his model as a new procedure, a ‘pairwise approach’, different from analyses of whole presence–absence matrices to examine patterns of co‐occurrence. Here I show that: (1) Veech's method is identical to Fisher's exact test, a standard procedure for measuring the statistical association between two discrete variables; (2) in a broad sense, the pairwise approach is very similar to early analyses of spatial association, such as the one advanced by Forbes in 1907; (3) implicit in Veech's formula is a sampling scheme that is indistinguishable from well‐known matrix‐level null models that randomize the distribution of species among equiprobable sites; (4) pairwise co‐occurrence patterns can be analysed using any matrix‐level null model, so pairwise comparisons are not limited to using Veech's formula. The methodological distinction that Veech proposed between pairwise and matrix‐level approaches does not in fact exist, although the conceptual distinction between the two approaches is still a debated topic.
Using a dynamic forest model to predict tree species distributions
Authors: Gutiérrez Alvaro G. , Snell Rebecca S. , Bugmann Harald 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimIt has been suggested that predicting species distributions requires a process‐based and preferably dynamic approach. If dynamic models are to contribute towards understanding species distributions, uncertainties related to their spatial extrapolation and bioclimatic parameters need to be addressed. Here, we analyse the potential of a forest gap model for predicting species distributions.LocationPacific Northwest of North America (PNW).MethodsWe used the dynamic forest gap modelForClim, which includes climate, competition and demographic processes, to simulate the distribution of 18 tree species outside the domain of the data used for fitting. We explored model accuracy for species distributions at the regional scale by: (1) estimating species climatic tolerances so as to maximize agreement with regional distribution maps versus (2) employing a bioclimatic parameter set that produces high accuracy at the local scale. We then performed the opposite tests and simulated local forest composition in a small area in thePNW, using (3) the local bioclimatic parameters and (4) the bioclimatic parameters that produced the highest accuracy at the regional scale. We also compared theForClimresults with predictions from a standard correlative species distribution model (SDM).ResultsForClimproduced regional species distributions with fair to very good agreement for 12 tree species. The optimized bioclimatic parameters consistently improved the accuracy of regional predictions compared with simulations run with the local parameters, and were consistent withSDMresults. At the local scale, predictions using the local parameters conformed to descriptions of forest composition, but accuracy decreased strongly when using the regionally calibrated parameters.Main conclusionsForest gap models can predict regional species distributions, but at the cost of reduced accuracy at the local scale. Future applications of gap models to understand regional species distributions should include robust parameterization schemes and additional ecological processes that are important at large spatial scales (e.g. dispersal, disturbances).
A metaheuristic approach to fisheries survey route planning
Authors: Mesquita Marta , Murta Alberto G. , Paias Ana , Wise Laura 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEvery autumn, a research vessel carries out a sampling survey tour to estimate the abundance of groundfish species of the Portuguese continental waters. The sampling operations are carried out at predefined geographical locations, the fishing stations, within predefined multiple time windows. The vessel route starts and ends at the port of Lisbon, and must visit all fishing stations. According to a predefined periodicity, the vessel must enter a port to supply food, refuel, and/or change crew. Given the geographical locations of the fishing stations/ports and current weather conditions, the objective is to minimize the total traveled distance and completion time. We present a mixed integer linear program to describe the problem and propose two sequential heuristic approaches that combine genetic algorithms and adaptive large neighborhood search to solve it. Computational experience with real data shows that the proposed heuristics are suitable tools to solve the problem.
Multiobjective model for solving resource‐leveling problem with discounted cash flows
Authors: Nikoofal Sahl Abadi Niloofar , Bagheri Mohsen , Assadi Mohammad 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNowadays, executers are struggling to improve the economic and scheduling situation of projects. Construction scheduling techniques often produce schedules that cause undesirable resource fluctuations that are inefficient and costly to implement on site. The objective of the resource‐leveling problem is to reduce resource fluctuation related costs (hiring and firing costs) without violating the project deadline. In this article, minimizing the discounted costs of resource fluctuations and minimizing the project makespan are considered in a multiobjective model. The problem is formulated as an integer nonlinear programming model, and since the optimization problem is NP‐hard, we propose multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, namely nondominated sorting genetic algorithm‐II (NSGA‐II), strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm‐II (SPEA‐II), and multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) to solve our suggested model. To evaluate the performance of the algorithms, experimental performance analysis on various instances is presented. Furthermore, in order to study the performance of these algorithms, three criteria are proposed and compared with each other to demonstrate the strengths of each applied algorithm. To validate the results obtained for the suggested model, we compared the results of the first objective function with a well‐tuned genetic algorithm and differential algorithm, and we also compared the makespan results with one of the popular algorithms for the resource constraints project scheduling problem. Finally, we can observe that the NSGA‐II algorithm presents better solutions than the other two algorithms on average.
Trade‐offs in integer data envelopment analysis
Authors: Alirezaee Mohammadreza , Rafiee Sani Mohammadreza 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIf production trade‐offs—which represent simultaneously feasible exchanges in the inputs and outputs of decision‐making units (DMUs)—are added to an integer production possibility set (IPPS), a new IPPS is produced; conventional axioms of production do not generate a new IPPS, however. This paper develops the axiomatic foundation for data envelopment analysis (DEA) for integer‐value inputs and outputs in the presence of production trade‐offs by introducing a new axiom of “natural trade‐offs.” First, a mixed‐integer linear programming formula called an integer DEA trade‐off (IDEA‐TO) is presented for computing efficiency scores and reference points. The numeration algorithm (NA) method presented in this concept is improved, and an improved numeration algorithm (INA) method for solving integer DEA (IDEA) models is developed. Finally, comparison between the two methods and a generalized INA method for solving the IDEA‐TO model are presented.
Three‐year efficacy and safety of tenofovir in nucleos(t)ide analog‐naïve and nucleos(t)ide analog‐experienced chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Wang Hsin‐Ming , Hung Chao‐Hung , Lee Chuan‐Mo , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Wang Jing‐Houng , Yen Yi‐Hao , Kee Kwong‐Ming , Chang Kuo‐Chin , Tseng Po‐Lin , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Chen Chien‐Hung 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground and Aims:This study compared the efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) up to 3 years of innucleos(t)ide analog (NA)‐naïve and NA‐experienced chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.Methods:Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate‐treated NA‐naïve and NA‐experienced CHB patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results:After 3 years of TDF therapy, 97.7%, 71%, and 45.5% NA‐naïve patients achieved a virological response, alanine aminotransferase normalization, and hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion, respectively. Compared with NA‐naïve patients, NA‐experienced patients without drug resistance and infected with lamivudine/telbivudine‐resistant mutants showed similar results. In contrast, patients previously infected with adefovir‐resistant mutants and with a suboptimal entecavir response showed significantly lower rates of virological response and hepatitis B e antigen loss/seroconverion than NA‐naïve patients. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate markedly reduced within 12 months of TDF therapy; however, it did not decrease significantly during 12–36 months of treatment. Diabetes mellitus was an independent predictor of a ≥ 0.5 mg/dL increase above baseline in serum creatinine level, and age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and baseline creatinine level were independent factors for > 20% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline. Liver stiffness measurements improved significantly, but bone mineral density did not change significantly during treatment. Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence was low at 36 months. Age of > 60 years, cirrhosis, a low baseline platelet count and a high α‐fetoprotein level at 12 months were significant predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma development.Conclusions:Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is effective and safe for NA‐naïve and NA‐experienced CHB patients and should be used cautiously in patients with comorbidities because of a renal dysfunction risk.
Roan antelope Hippotragus equinus in Africa: a review of abundance, threats and ecology
Authors: Havemann Carl P. , Retief Tarryn A. , Tosh Cheryl A. , de Bruyn P. J. Nico 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The roan antelope Hippotragus equinus, Africa's second largest antelope species, is widely distributed throughout Africa. Many populations are isolated, occur at low densities, and are declining. The species' interactions with and adaptations to the diverse environmental conditions throughout its geographic range remain largely unknown. Most studies have taken place in southern Africa, near the range limit for the species; few studies have been conducted on the historically large Central and West African populations.
We reviewed available published and accessible unpublished data related to the ecology of roan antelope. We aim to: 1) review available taxonomic, abundance, distribution, and population trend data; 2) describe the threats faced by the roan antelope, and establish whether sufficient data exist to describe its ecological requirements; and 3) highlight the relevance of conserving this species throughout Africa and suggest where research on survival requirements should be focussed.
Roan antelope populations throughout Africa are declining due to natural and anthropogenic threats. Methodological irregularities result in uncertainty and non‐comparable population data between studies. Large gaps exist in our knowledge of roan antelope diet and regional movements. Information on the population genetics of roan antelope is needed in order to assess the connectedness of different populations.
Data deficiency severely impedes our ability to employ powerful analytical methods aimed at understanding and predicting population persistence and viability, and to model envisaged threats from impending climate change. A unified approach to fundamental ecological research is required to inform the conservation and management of large rare mammalian ungulates such as the roan antelope in Africa.
Adolescent “Saxophone Penis” Secondary to Crohn's Disease: Misdiagnosed as Being Posttraumatic
Authors: Marshall Claire , Markiewicz Dorota , Bewley Anthony 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe describe a patient with a “saxophone penis” mistakenly diagnosed as having posttraumatic changes. A careful history and attention to blood tests at presentation may have alerted clinicians that there was a nontraumatic cause for our patient's disease. It is essential that clinicians consider “metastatic” anogenital Crohn's disease as a possible cause of “saxophone penis”.
Effectiveness of Intralesional Triamcinolone in the Treatment of Keloids in Children
Authors: Acosta Silvana , Ureta Ester , Yañez Ricardo , Oliva Natalia , Searle Susana , Guerra Claudio 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe current treatment of keloids includes surgery, intralesional steroids, and radiotherapy, among others. Radiotherapy is not recommended in children due to its effects on growing tissues. Our aim was to study intralesional triamcinilone therapy of keloids in children and analyze the impact of body location, age of the lesion, and etiology of the keloid on clinical response.MethodsWe conducted a prospective clinical trial with patients 1 to 14 years of age evaluated for keloid treatment. A soft tissue ultrasound was performed to measure the keloid volume, prior to intralesional infiltration with triamcinolone acetonide. A posttreatment ultrasound quantified the volume differences attributed to therapy. For the analysis, Mann–Whitney/Wilcoxon test for paired samples and a multiple regression analysis were performed.ResultsTwenty‐one patients with a total of 25 keloids were enrolled, with a median age of 12 years (range 6–14 yrs). The initial lesional volume was 1.25 cc (range 0.2–6.3 cc) and the final volume was 0.2 cc (range 0.0–1.53 cc), corresponding to 82.7% of size reduction (p < 0.001). Regarding the relationships between response and body location, etiology and age of the lesion, the multiple regression analyses obtained p‐values of 0.46, 0.16, and 0.87, respectively. One patient failed to improve. Average follow‐up was 30 months.ConclusionsTriamcinolone acetonide is highly effective for the treatment of pediatric keloids. There is no relationship between clinical response and the factors evaluated, such as lesion location, etiology and age of the keloid.
Detecting Behavioral Anomaly in Social Networks Using Symbolic Dynamic Filtering
Authors: Salimi Naneh Karan Farshad , Chakraborty Subhadeep 
Published: January 2016

This paper investigates the use of Symbolic Dynamic Filtering (SDF) algorithms in detecting anomalous behavior trends in social networks. Data is generated from an agent-based discrete choice model, which relies on a Markov Decision Process framework for stochastic simulation of decision-making in a social setting, where choices and decisions by individuals are influenced by social interactions. We show that such collective imitative behavior leads to rapid unstable fluctuations in the society, the fluctuation statistics being a weak function of the number of extremist nodes present in the network as well as the prevailing political climate. In this paper, using a time-trace of global opinions in the said society, we investigate the effectiveness of SDF in estimating the number of extremist nodes in a network, and studying the role of unpopular government policies as an enabler of political instability.
Spread of influence and ‘recruiting’ by extremist groups through social networks has become an important political issue in recent years. This study is a step in the direction of building tools to preempt and intervene such efforts.