bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antipsychotics and women: Yes, prolactin is important
Authors: Garrido-Torres N. , Fernandez S. , Rodríguez A. , Reina M. , Prieto I. , Viedma A.S. , González C. , Hernandez L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe hormonal imbalance produced by antipsychotics can be detected by symptoms, such as: infertility, acne, hirsutism, sexual dysfunction and galactorrhea. We consider especially important the study of women's diseases, which may develop due to hyperprolactinemia, specifically: breast cancer, endometrial cancer and osteoporosis.ObjectiveTo undertake a systematic review about the relationship between hyperprolactinemia as a result of the treatment with antipsychoticsand endometrial and breast cancer.MethodAn exhaustive search was performed on PUBMED and COCHRANE (from 2006 to 2015).Fifteen papers were selected including comparative studies, clinical trials and clinical reviews.ResultsWith respect to endometrial carcinoma, there is no direct relationship with the use of antipsychotics. However, most papers have suggested that the blood prolactin elevation is a risk factor in the development of endometrial engrossment, which could lead to endometrial hyperplasia, polyps and endometrial cancer. Related to the use of antipsychotics as a treatment for schizophrenic women and breast carcinoma, a significant association was found and this association is strengthened through the interaction of other factors like the fact that women with schizophrenia are less worried about going to the clinical screening reviews in their health centre, smoking, and lower physical activity than healthy women.ConclusionsAripiprazolis associated with a low prevalence of hyperprolactinemia. Menopausal women, the obese, and women who smoke receiving antipsychotics that produce hyperprolactinemia have the greatest risk of developing endometrial pathology. Schizophrenic women with hyperprolactinemia due to antipsychotics and loss of motivation to go to screening activities have a greater risk of breast cancer. Sexual dysfunction could be a non-adherence treatment factor.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Neurocognitive and functional performance in psychotic and non-psychotic bipolar patients and schizophrenia patients
Authors: Aparicio A. , Sánchez-Morla E.M. , Santos J.L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIt has been suggested that psychotic bipolar patients have more severe cognitive deficits and lower functioning that non-psychotic bipolar patients.ObjectivesTo evaluate neurocognitive and functional performance in stabilized psychotic bipolar patients (BP+), non-psychotic bipolar patients (BP−) and schizophrenia patients (SZ).AimsTo examine whether BP+ might be defined as a more homogenous subtype of bipolar disorder with more severe cognitive deficit and more severe functional impairment.MethodsFifty TB+, 50 TB−, 50 SZ and 51 controls were evaluated with a comprehensive neurocognitive battery (WCST, FAS, TMT-A and B, Stroop Test, Digits span, letters and numbers – WMS-III−, CVLT, ROCFT, CPT-DS). Moreover, patients were evaluated with clinical scales (PANSS, MADRS, YMRS) and functionality scales (WHOs Disability Assessment Scales, QLS and GAF). IBM SPSS Statistics (version 19.0) was used to the data analysis.ResultsNo significant differences were found between three patients’ samples (P < 0.0001). No significant differences in neurocognitive measures were found between BP+ and BP−. Significant differences were found between both groups of bipolar patients and schizophrenia in working memory measures (P < 0.0001). BP+ and BP− showed significant higher functionality than SZ (P < 0.0001), without significant differences in functionality between BP+ and BP−.ConclusionsThe pattern of neurocognitive and functional deficit is similar in BP+ and BP−. The neurocognitive deficit is very similar in both groups of bipolar patients groups in comparison to SZ; functionality is better in both bipolar groups than in schizophrenia patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Women coping strategies to infertility stress can impact IVF outcome EV1357]
Authors: Kitanovic B. , Tulic L. , Soldatovic I. 
Published: May 2016

Infertility is defined as a failure to achieve a pregnancy after a woman has attempted to get pregnant for more than 12 months. The impact of psychosocial factors on IVF outcome is a growing field of research. This is the first study estimating the impact of psychosocial stress and women coping on IVF outcome in Serbia. In the cohort of Serbian women, it has been remarked that they predominantly use active confronting coping style. We found statistically significant differences ways of coping styles between pregnant and non-pregnant group. Women from the pregnant group had significantly lower scores of marital distress, and significantly higher use of meaning based coping styles. It is found that the use of active avoidance coping correlates negatively with the level of depression and personal, marital and social distress, and total fertility distress. Clinicians should be aware that infertility is a stressor itself and that coping strategies can influence IVF outcome. Therefore, psychosocial assessment should be a part of an IVF unit.

Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The role of mindfulness in lifetime history of depression: A study in Portuguese pregnant women
Authors: Azevedo J. , Bento E. , Xavier S. , Marques M. , Freitas V. , Soares M.J. , Pinto A.M. , Bajouco M. , Macedo A. , Pereira A.T. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDespite the empirical support for the effects of mindfulness based interventions for recurrent depression (Velden et al., 2015), the literature on the relation between Mindfulness and Lifetime History of Depression/LTHD are scarce.ObjectiveTo compare Mindfulness levels between women with vs. without LTHD and to analyze if mindfulness dimensions are significant predictors of LTHD.MethodsOne hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women (mean age: 32.56 ± 4.785 years) in their second trimester of pregnancy (17.34 ± 4.790 weeks of gestation) completed: Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire-10 (FMQ10; Azevedo et at. 2015) assessing the dimensions non-judgement of inner experience/NJ, ACt with awareness/AA and observe and describe/OD; a new self-report questionnaire developed to evaluate the presence of LTHD, with several “Yes/No” questions, based on DSM-5 criteria for depression.ResultsNinety-seven (23.0%) women had LTHD. Bisserial Spearmen correlations between LTHD and FMQ scores were significant, negative and moderate (> .30, P < .01); only OD did not significantly correlated with LTHD. Independent sample T-test revealed that women with vs. without LTHD had significantly higher levels of total FMQ-10, NJ and AA (all P < .001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the model containing FMQ-10 explained 12.7–18.8% of the LTHD variance and correctly classified 77.9%; the OR was of 1.19 (95% CI .801–.886; Wald = 44.504; P < .001). The model composed by NJ and AA explained 15.5–23% and correctly classified 76.5%. NJ OR was of 1.23 (CI .734–.884; Wald = 20.806; P < .001) and AA OR was of 1.41 (CI .708–.903; Wald = 13.004; P < .001).ConclusionsOur research discloses that less mindfulness abilities enhances the probability of having lifetime history of depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychoses of epilepsy – “Acute attacks of insanity”. What literature says and how we act
Authors: Echeverría Hernández N. , Lázaro Redondo M.D.M. , de la Torre Brasas F. , Duque Domínguez A. , Mas Villaseñor A. , García Montero C. , Martín Díaz L. , Otalora Navarro M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPatients with epilepsy seem particularly liable to certain major psychiatric disorders. Prevalence of schizophrenia within an epileptic population varies between 3% and 7% (1% in general population). The aetiology is possibly multifactorial (drugs and neurosurgery).ObjectivesTo study comorbidity between psychoses and epilepsy and management in the literature and in our patients.AimsTo analyze factors that might influence the onset of psychoses within an epileptic population and how this potential association could influence our practice.MethodsPubMed search was conducted with interest in psychoses of epilepsy, pharmacology, and comorbidity. Up to 10 variables related with factors influencing psychotic episodes that required hospital admission in three patients with epilepsy were studied.ResultsUnlike published data, our patients did not have postictal psychoses. All cases had early onset temporal lobe epilepsy with no seizure activity since diagnosis (more than 20 years). No family history of either epilepsy or psychoses. Management included lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, carbamazepine, zonisamide, and levetiracetam in conventional doses. The psychosis, which comprised affective, schizophrenic, and confusional elements, lasted longer and was more troublesome than psychosis in non-epileptic patients. Response to neuroleptics was poorer than in non-epileptic patients with psychoses. Consultation with Neurology Unit resulted in end of treatment with zonisamide and levetiracetam.ConclusionsLess than perfect evidence suggests the association between psychosis and epilepsy. In our patients, no postictal cases were recorded. Management showed poorer effect of neuroleptics when compared with non-epileptics, and zonisamide and levetiracetam were changed for other drugs with presumably lower association with psychoses.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical symptomatology and empathy in schizophrenia: Which relationship?
Authors: Trabelsi R. , Mrizak J. , Arous A. , Ben Ammar H. , Khalifa A. , El Hechmi Z. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe impairment of cognitive and affective empathy among patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) may represent a significant feature of the illness. However, the relationship between those impairment and dimensions of psychosis remains unclear.ObjectivesTo explore whether cognitive and affective empathy are associated with severety of different psychotic symptoms.MethodsCognitive and affective empathy were evaluated in 58 patients with stable schizophrenia with the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) comprising five subscales intended to assess cognitive and affective components of empathy. Symptomatology evaluation comprised the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale Improvement and severity (CGI).ResultsPatients with better cognitive empathy had less total CDSS scores (P = 0.036, r = −0.449) and lower CGI-severity scale scores (P = 0.01, r = −0.536). Patients with better affective empathy had lower scores (which means a better improvement) at the CGI-improvement scale (P = 0.03, r = −0.461).ConclusionsOur results suggest that empathy with its different component is not totally independent of the clinical state of the patient. Further studies are required to confirm whether empathy deficits are state or trait aspects of SCZ.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
An approach to neuroleptic malignant syndrome from a clinical case
Authors: Peinado A. Gomez , Ruiz P. Cano , Garcia M.D. Sanchez , Fraile S. Cañas , Cano M. Gonzalez , Fajardo G.E. Barba 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionNeuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) takes place in patients in treatment with neuroleptics and it is potentially lethal, being important an early diagnostic and therapeutic approach.ObjectivesTo analyze from a clinical case the clinical and epidemiological features, and therapeutical approach to NMS.MethodReview of some articles in Mental Health journals and analysis of the following clinical case: 68-year-old woman with bipolar disorder, hospitalized in manic phase. Usual treatment: lithium, trazodone, quetiapine and asenapine. During the admission to hospital, the patient started presenting hyperthermia, sweating, electrolyte disturbances, limb rigidity, and elevation of CPK levels. The suspicion was NMS, so neuroleptics were stopped and fluids and dantrolene were initiated, with favorable evolution.ResultsThe discharge diagnosis was NMS. Neuroleptics were gradually reintroduced under vigilance. The patient is stable and has not had new complications. NMS is an uncommon (0.02% to 3% among patients taking neuroleptic agents), but life-threatening condition. Its symptoms are hyperthermia, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, limb rigidity, altered consciousness… The attendant infections, consume of lithium, dehydration, iron deficiency and sharp changes in neuroleptic treatment are predisposing factors. The withdrawal of neuroleptics is the key of the treatment. Benzodiazepines can improve the prognosis, and electroconvulsive therapy can be necessary if there is no response to previous measures.ConclusionsNeuroleptic malignant syndrome is a life-threatening medical complication we should try to avoid by a correct and careful use of neuroleptics. Additionally, it is important the early treatment, taking withdrawal of neuroleptics as the key starting point.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and stress; a study of international medical school students
Authors: Husain M. , Dumitrascu D.L. , Chaudhry I. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIrritable bowel syndrome is one of the most commonly diagnosed functional gastrointestinal disorders. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its association with stress have not been researched in regards to foreign medical students in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.ObjectiveTo establish the prevalence of IBS in foreign medical school students and the relationship with stress.MethodsThis observational case-controlled study was carried out in “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The sample size was 102, and the data was collected using an online self-report questionnaire. The ‘Rome 3 criteria’ was used to diagnose IBS and ‘Stressful Life Events Check-list’ was used to measure levels of stress.ResultsThe prevalence of IBS was 24.5%, with females having higher rates (34%) compared to males (16.4%). The types of IBS were IBS-M (mixed form) 8.8%, IBS-D (diarrhoea dominant) 6.9%, IBS-C (constipation dominant) 5.9% and IBS-U (undefined) 2.9%. Students with IBS reported higher social stress compared to students without IBS.ConclusionsMore efforts should be made to combat stress that medical students experience in order to reduce the number of IBS cases. This may involve an increased role of the medical school to develop initiatives and support, with the aim of helping medical school students better cope with stress and stressful events.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A non-smoking program in the psychiatric clinic: Eradicating tobacco from the therapeutic space
Authors: Jaber J. , Tomé A. , Reys B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe work describes the well-succeeded experience of the Non-Smoking Program developed in a psychiatric clinic in Rio de Janeiro city, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.ObjectiveTo treat the tobacco dependence in patients with disorders for the use of substances and other psychiatric disorders. To transform the clinic therapeutic space in a free tobacco environment.AimsTo promote the restoring of the patients’ health integrally, considering the use of tobacco is responsible for a large number of avoidable deaths, in addition to much harm to health.MethodsIn a clinic of hospitalization for diverse mental disorders treatment, especially disorders for the use of substances, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was simultaneously established a non-smoking treatment program. It was used the pharmacological therapy, associated with cognitive-behavioral therapy, occupational therapy and moderate physical activity. The average time of permanence in the non-smoking program was on average 90 days.ResultsThere was significant acceptance to the proposed program. In the long-term monitoring, over 12 months, it was evidenced that most patients found themselves in tobacco abstinence.ConclusionThe project achieved its objectives, promoting the tobacco abstinence in patients with comorbidities in hospital treatment. The study proved that it is possible to remove tobacco in patients dependent on this substance during a psychiatric hospitalization.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Bobby Fischer: Chess, genius and madness at the height of the cold war
Authors: Llanes Álvarez C. , San Román Uría A. , Gómez Sánchez S. , Hernández Antón R. , Valdés Valdazo J. , Del Brio González A.M. , Martínez Sánchez J.M. , Muñoz Sánchez J.L. , Franco Martín M.Á. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDirected by Edward Zwick “Pawn Sacrifice” is a biographical film released on September 2015. The film stars Tobey Maguire as Bobby Fischer, the American World Chess Champion, considered one of greatest player of all time. His career's peak was in 1972 when he captured the World Chess Championship from Boris Spassky of the USSR.AimsWe tried to dig a little in the biography of Bobby Fischer who many described as mentally ill. We tried to figure out what is reality and what is just legend about Fischer. Our goal is promote chess, and also honour the great Fischer. Moreover, we wanted to explore the scientific literature published about the benefits of playing chess, especially in childhood.MethodsWe made an exhaustive review of the author's life, and also testimonies of people who knew him. Moreover, we found some articles that review the relationship between chess and IQ trying to confirm or debunk some myths about this legendary game.ResultsIt was incomprehensible to everyone that the top of the career of Bobby Fischer at the same time meant an abrupt and complete fall. One possible explanation for this attitude would be a mentally unbalance not specified disorder throughout his lifespan.ConclusionsNot all geniuses are crazy, neither all crazy are geniuses. A genius is a person with extraordinary capabilities, that focused on a topic, has the ability to enlight new ways to explain this complex world, whether it is to create a symphony, paint masterpiece or the next move on the chessboard.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Descriptive study of mechanical restraint in acute psychiatric inpatient unit of Jerez De La Frontera: Analysis of a risk profile
Authors: Pérez Revuelta J. , Carabias Contreras B. , Fernández Nicolás E. , Valverde González E. , Jiménez Espinosa A. , Guerrero Vida R. , Villagrán Moreno J.M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionVarious medical and psychiatric conditions can determine the occurrence of disruptive behavior and aggression. Mechanical restraint is part of the strategies for managing these risks. Its use implies a multidisciplinary, phased and individualized for each case strategy, with attention to the ethical and legal issues surrounding this coercive intervention.ObjectiveThe objective of this work is the analysis of the profile of patients who required mechanical restraint during hospitalization in a psychiatric inpatient unit.MethodologyRetrospective descriptive analysis by collecting data of patients, who required mechanical restraint during admission, between 2007 and 2014. The data sources were medical clinical history and nursing records. Variables analyzed were sex, age, clinical diagnosis at discharge and clinical state during the episode of mechanical restraint.ResultsOf the total sample of patients requiring restraint (n = 266), 66.92% were men. The mean age of patients was 38.01 years. Distribution of clinical diagnoses based on ICD-10 coding: 30.23% F60 personality disorder (n = 289), 19.56% diagnosed with F31 bipolar disorder (n = 187) and 14.02% F20 schizophrenia. Regarding the clinical characteristics of the episode, 49.47% of patients had an agitation/violent state and in 23.11% risk of impulsive self-injury was evident, 13.47% had confusional syndrome.ConclusionData analyzed shows differences in frequency distribution because of patient profile and clinical diagnosis. Otherwise, organizational factors and appropriate amendments to this level appear to play a key role in minimizing the use of such coercive measures.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Malignant catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome: How different/similar are they?
Authors: Sales P. , Bernardo M. , Lopes A. , Trigo E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCatatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that appears in medical, neurological or psychiatric conditions. There are presentation variants: “malignant catatonia” (MC) subtype shares many characteristics with the neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), possibly reflecting common pathophysiology.Objectives/methodsWe present a clinical vignette and review the literature available on online databases about MC/NMS.ResultsWe present a man, 41-years-old, black ethnicity, with no relevant medical history. He had two previous episodes compatible with brief psychosis, the last one in 2013, and a history of adverse reactions to low doses of antipsychotics. Since the last episode he was asymptomatic on olanzapine 2.5 mg id. He acutely presented to the Emergency Room with mutism, negativism, immobility and delusional speech, similar to the previous episodes mentioned and was admitted to a psychiatric infirmary, where his clinical condition worsened, showing muscle rigidity, hemodynamic instability, leukocytosis, rhabdomyolysis and fever. Supportive care was provided, olanzapine was suspended and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was initiated. After two months, he was discharged with no psychotic symptoms. He is still under ECT and no antipsychotic medication was reintroduced.Discussion/conclusionMany studies suggest that clinical or laboratory tests do not distinguish MC from NMS and that they are the same entity. These two conditions are life-threatening and key to treatment is a high suspicion level. There is no specific treatment; supportive care and stopping involved medications are the most widely used measures. ECT is a useful alternative to medication.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.