bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oscillatory activity in the basal ganglia and deep brain stimulation
Authors: Guridi Jorge , Alegre Manuel 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTOver the past 10 years, research into the neurophysiology of the basal ganglia has provided new insights into the pathophysiology of movement disorders. The presence of pathological oscillations at specific frequencies has been linked to different signs and symptoms in PD and dystonia, suggesting a new model to explain basal ganglia dysfunction. These advances occurred in parallel with improvements in imaging and neurosurgical techniques, both of which having facilitated the more widespread use of DBS to modulate dysfunctional circuits. High‐frequency stimulation is thought to disrupt pathological activity in the motor cortex/basal ganglia network; however, it is not easy to explain all of its effects based only on changes in network oscillations. In this viewpoint, we suggest that a return to classic anatomical concepts might help to understand some apparently paradoxical findings. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Predictors of functional dependency in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Macleod Angus D. , Counsell Carl E. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundFunctional dependency, the need for help in basic activities of daily living, is an important patient‐oriented outcome. We aimed to describe the development of dependency in Parkinson's disease (PD) and identify independent prognostic factors for this outcome.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Parkinsonism Incidence in North‐East Scotland (PINE) study, a prospective, community‐based incident cohort of PD with ongoing follow‐up. We described the development of dependency defined by a Schwab & England score of < 80% and a Barthel Index of <19. We identified the baseline predictors of dependency using multivariable Cox regression.ResultsIn 198 patients with PD, the rate of development of dependency was 14 per 100 person years. Older age at diagnosis (hazard ratio for 10‐year increase 2.23 [95% confidence interval 1.66‐2.98]), greater smoking history (hazard ratio for 10‐pack‐year increase, 1.15 [1.04‐1.26]), more severe axial impairment (hazard ratio for 5‐point increase in sum of axial items from UPDRS scale, 1.78 [1.30‐2.44]), and lower MMSE score (hazard ratio 0.88 [0.79‐0.98]) were independently associated with a higher risk of dependency as defined by Schwab & England. Only older age (hazard ratio for 10‐year increase 1.35 [1.04‐1.76]) and severity of axial impairment (hazard ratio for 5‐point increase 1.85 [1.31‐2.62]) were associated with a higher risk of dependency as defined by the Barthel Index. Sex, deprivation, comorbidity, overall UPDRS motor score, and disease stage were not independently associated with dependency.ConclusionThis is the first community‐based study of dependency in PD. There was a high rate of dependency development. Older age, more smoking, more axial impairment, and poorer cognition were independent predictors. © 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Longitudinal changes in CSF alpha‐synuclein species reflect Parkinson's disease progression
Authors: Majbour Nour K. , Vaikath Nishant N. , Eusebi Paolo , Chiasserini Davide , Ardah Mustafa , Varghese Shiji , Haque M. Emdadul , Tokuda Takahiko , Auinger Peggy , Calabresi Paolo , Parnetti Lucilla , El‐Agnaf Omar M.A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis is mainly based on clinical criteria, with a high risk of misdiagnosis. The identification of reliable biomarkers for disease diagnosis and progression has a key role for developing disease‐modifying therapies. In this article, we investigated the longitudinal changes of CSF α‐synuclein species in early PD patients and explored the potential use of these species as surrogate biomarkers for PD progression.MethodsWe used our newly developed enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay systems for measuring different forms of α‐synuclein, such as oligomeric‐α‐synuclein, phosphorylated‐α‐synuclein at serine 129, or total‐α‐synuclein in CSF from the longitudinal Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy for Parkinsonism study cohort (n = 121). CSF Alzheimer's disease biomarkers (total‐tau, phosphorylated‐tau, Aβ40, and Aβ42) were also measured for this cohort.ResultsInterestingly, total‐α‐synuclein and oligomeric‐α‐synuclein levels significantly increased during the 2‐year Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy for Parkinsonism study follow‐up period, whereas phosphorylated‐α‐synuclein at serine 129 levels showed a longitudinal decrease. We have also noted an association between a change of the oligomeric‐α‐synuclein/total‐α‐synuclein ratio and a worsening of motor signs, in particular in the postural‐instability and gait‐difficulty dominant PD group. A strong positive correlation between the changes in CSF total‐α‐synuclein and oligomeric‐α‐synuclein during the 2‐year Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy for Parkinsonism study was also noted (r = 0.84,P < .001).ConclusionOur data show that CSF α‐synuclein species have a dynamic pattern along the course of the disease, supporting their possible role as progression biomarkers for PD and their link with PD clinical phenotypes. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The prevalence of diagnosed tourette syndrome in Canada: A national population‐based study
Authors: Yang Jaeun , Hirsch Lauren , Martino Davide , Jette Nathalie , Roberts Jodie , Pringsheim Tamara 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine: (1) the prevalence of diagnosed Tourette syndrome in Canada by sex in youth (aged 12‐17) and adults and (2) socioeconomic factors in this population.BackgroundThe majority of epidemiological studies of tics have focused on children and youth, with few studies describing the prevalence of tics in adult populations.MethodsCanadian data on Tourette syndrome prevalence were derived from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2010 and 2011 cycles, a Statistics Canada population‐based cross‐sectional survey that collects information related to health status. We determined the prevalence of diagnosed Tourette syndrome and examined sociodemographic factors, including age, sex, education, income, employment, and birthplace.ResultsOverall, 122,884 Canadians participated in the surveys, with 122 participants diagnosed with Tourette syndrome. The prevalence of Tourette syndrome was higher in males in youth: 6.03 per 1000 (95% confidence interval: 3.24‐8.81) in males versus 0.48 per 1,000 (95% confidence interval: 0.05‐0.91) in females, with a prevalence risk ratio of 5.31 (95% confidence interval: 2.38‐11.81). In adults, the prevalence of Tourette syndrome was 0.89 per 1,000 (95% confidence interval: 0.48‐1.29) in males versus 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.16.0‐0.71) in females, with a prevalence risk ratio of 1.93 (95% confidence interval: 1.21‐3.08). After adjusting for age and sex, adults with Tourette syndrome had lower odds of receiving postsecondary education or being employed and higher odds of having income lower than the median and receiving governmental support.ConclusionData on the prevalence of Tourette syndrome in adults are scarce because most studies focus on children. Our data demonstrate a decreasing prevalence risk ratio for sex in adults compared to children. A diagnosis of Tourette syndrome is associated with lower education, income, and employment in adulthood. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Reliability and Validity of the 4‐Item Version of the Korean Perceived Stress Scale
Authors: Kim Hee‐Ju 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the reliability (internal consistency, reproducibility over time, and measurement precision) and validity (factorial, convergent, and concurrent validity) of the 4‐item Korean Perceived Stress Scale in comparison to the 10‐item Korean Perceived Stress Scale. Participants were 650 students from seven schools of nursing in South Korea. Measures included Korean versions of the Perceived Stress Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and a single‐item quality‐of‐life measure. The 4‐item Perceived Stress Scale had lower Cronbach alpha than the 10‐item Perceived Stress Scale (.65 vs. .80), but its item‐total correlations (.35–.47) and split‐half coefficient (.81) were comparable to the 10‐item Perceived Stress Scale (item‐total correlations = .20–.56; split‐half coefficient = .82). Reproducibility of the 4‐item scale after a 1‐week interval (r = .67, ICC absolute agreement = .64) was similar to the 10‐item scale (r = .70, ICC absolute agreement = .65). The standard error of measurement was slightly higher in the 4‐item scale. Scale constructs of the two were identical in exploratory factor analysis. The two scales were highly correlated (r = .93) and showed similar levels of concurrent validity with sleep quality and quality of life. In conclusion, the 4‐ and 10‐item Korean Perceived Stress Scale are similar in psychometric qualities. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Change in Dietary Patterns and Change in Waist Circumference and DXA Trunk Fat Among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M. , Tinker Lesley , Manson JoAnn E. , Allison Matthew , Rohan Thomas , Zaslavsky Oleg , Waring Molly E. , Asao Keiko , Garcia Lorena , Rosal Milagros , Neuhouser Marian L. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo examine whether changes in diet quality predict changes in central adiposity among postmenopausal women.MethodsAt baseline and 3‐year follow‐up, Women's Health Initiative Observational Study participants completed food frequency questionnaires, and waist circumference was measured (WC, n = 67,175). In a subset, trunk fat was measured via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA, n = 4,254). Using multivariable linear regression, 3‐year changes in dietary patterns (Healthy Eating Index‐2010, Alternate Healthy Eating Index‐2010, Alternate Mediterranean Diet, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) were examined as predictors of concurrent changes in WC and, secondarily, DXA.ResultsMean (SD) age and 3‐year changes in weight and WC were 63 (7) years, 0.52 (4.26) kg, and 0.94 (6.65) cm. A 10% increase in any dietary pattern score, representing improved diet quality, was associated with 0.07 to 0.43 cm smaller increase in WC over 3 years (all P < 0.05). After adjusting for weight change, associations attenuated to 0.02 to 0.10 cm but remained statistically significant for all patterns except Alternate Mediterranean Diet. Results were similar for DXA trunk fat.ConclusionsThree‐year improvements in diet quality are modestly protective against gain in WC and partially explained by lesser weight gain. Achieving and maintaining a healthful diet after menopause may protect against gains in central adiposity.
Affinity Capturing and Surface Enrichment of a Membrane Protein Embedded in a Continuous Supported Lipid Bilayer
Authors: Gunnarsson Anders , Simonsson Nyström Lisa , Burazerovic Sabina , Gunnarsson Jenny , Snijder Arjan , Geschwindner Stefan , Höök Fredrik 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInvestigations of ligand‐binding kinetics to membrane proteins are hampered by their poor stability and low expression levels, which often translates into sensitivity‐related limitations impaired by low signal‐to‐noise ratios. Inspired by affinity capturing of water‐soluble proteins, which utilizes water as the mobile phase, we demonstrate affinity capturing and local enrichment of membrane proteins by using a fluid lipid bilayer as the mobile phase. Specific membrane‐protein capturing and enrichment in a microfluidic channel was accomplished by immobilizing a synthesized trivalent nitrilotriacetic acid (tris‐NTA)–biotin conjugate. A polymer‐supported lipid bilayer containing His6‐tagged β‐secretase (BACE) was subsequently laterally moved over the capture region by using a hydrodynamic flow. Specific enrichment of His6–BACE in the Ni2+–NTA‐modified region of the substrate resulted in a stationary three‐fold increase in surface coverage, and an accompanied increase in ligand‐binding response.
Phenotyping and genotyping of CYP2C19 using comparative metabolism of proguanil in sickle‐cell disease patients and healthy controls in Nigeria
Authors: Adejumo Olufunmilayo E. , Kotila Taiwo R. , Falusi Adeyinka G. , Silva Boladale O. , Nwogu Jacinta N. , Fasinu Pius S. , Babalola Chinedum P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPolymorphic expression of metabolic enzymes have been identified as one of the key factors responsible for the interindividual/ethnic/racial variability in drug metabolism and effect. In Nigeria, there is a disproportionately high incidence of sickle‐cell disease (SCD), a condition characterized by painful crisis frequently triggered by malaria. Proguanil, a substrate of the polymorphic CYP2C19, is a chemoprophylactic antimalarial drug widely used among SCD patients in Nigeria. This study aimed to conduct a comparative CYP2C19 phenotyping among SCD patients and healthy controls and to compare the results with those previously reported. One hundred seventy‐seven unrelated subjects comprising 131 SCD patients and 46 non‐SCD volunteers were phenotyped. This was carried out by collecting pooled urine samples over 8 h following PG administration. Proguanil and its major CYP2C19‐dependent metabolites were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Metabolic ratios (MRs) were computed and employed in classifying subjects into poor or extensive metabolizers. Among SCD group, 130 (99.2%) were extensive metabolizers (EMs) and 1 (0.8%) was poor metabolizer (PM) of PG, while 95.7 and 4.3% non‐SCDs were EMs and PMs, respectively. MRs ranged from 0.02 to 8.70 for SCD EMs and from 0.22 to 8.33 for non‐SCD EMs. Two non‐SCDs with MRs of 18.18 and 25.76 and the SCD with MR of 16.77 regarded as PMs had earlier been genotyped as CYP2C19*2/*2. Poor metabolizers of proguanil in SCD patients are reported for the first time. Regardless of clinical significance, a difference in metabolic disposition of proguanil and CYP2C19 by SCDs and non‐SCDs was established.
R&D team diversity and performance in hypercompetitive environments
Authors: Hoisl Karin , Gruber Marc , Conti Annamaria 
Published: August 2016

Research summary: This article examines the effects of an R&D team's composition on its performance outcomes in hypercompetition. The fundamental feature of firms in hypercompetitive settings is that they are constantly challenged to improve their competitiveness in a relentless race to outperform one another. Analyzing a unique data set from the Formula 1 motorsport racing industry, we find an inverse U‐shaped relationship between team diversity in task‐related experience and performance an important result that diverges from well‐established theories developed in more stable environments. Fundamentally, we show that the role of R&D team experience diversity varies depending on the size of the organizations in which R&D teams operate. While we find a moderating effect for firm age, this effect is not as robust as that of firm size.Managerial summary: This article examines the relationship between R&D team composition and performance in fast‐moving environments. Firms in these environments are constantly challenged to improve their competitiveness by outperforming one another. Analyzing a unique data set from the Formula 1 motorsport racing industry, we find that a team's diversity in job‐related experience increases its performance up to a certain extent. Once R&D teams become too diverse, performance decreases because communication and coordination become more difficult. We also show that the role of R&D team diversity varies depending on the size of the organizations in which R&D teams operate. Overall, our findings provide several novel implications for the strategy, innovation, and team literatures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic review of first‐trimester ultrasound screening for detection of fetal structural anomalies and factors that affect screening performance
Authors: Karim J. N. , Roberts N. W. , Salomon L. J. , Papageorghiou A. T. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the sensitivity and specificity of first‐trimester ultrasound for the detection of fetal abnormalities and to establish which factors might impact on screening performance.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of all relevant publications was performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of two‐dimensional transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound in the detection of congenital fetal anomalies prior to 14 weeks' gestation. The reference standard was detection of abnormalities at birth or postmortem. Factors that may impact on detection rates were evaluated, including population characteristics, gestational age, healthcare setting, ultrasound modality, use of an anatomical checklist for detection of first‐trimester anomalies and type of malformation included in the study. In an effort to reduce the impact of study heterogeneity on the results of the meta‐analysis, data from the studies were analyzed within subgroups of major anomaliesvsall types of anomaly and low‐risk/unselected populationsvshigh‐risk populations.ResultsAn electronic search (until 29 July 2015) identified 2225 relevant citations, from which a total of 30 studies, published between 1991 and 2014, were selected for inclusion. The pooled estimate for the detection of major abnormalities in low‐risk or unselected populations (19 studies, 115 731 fetuses) was 46.10% (95%CI, 36.88–55.46%). The detection rate for all abnormalities in low‐risk or unselected populations (14 studies, 97 976 fetuses) was 32.35% (95%CI, 22.45–43.12%), whereas in high‐risk populations (six studies, 2841 fetuses) it was 61.18% (95%CI, 37.71–82.19%). Of the factors examined for their impact on detection rate, there was a statistically significant relationship (P < 0.0001) between the use of a standardized anatomical protocol during first‐trimester anomaly screening and its sensitivity for the detection of fetal anomalies in all subgroups.ConclusionsDetection rates of first‐trimester fetal anomalies ranged from 32% in low‐risk groups to more than 60% in high‐risk groups, demonstrating that first‐trimester ultrasound has the potential to identify a large proportion of fetuses affected with structural anomalies. The use of a standardized anatomical protocol improves the sensitivity of first‐trimester ultrasound screening for all anomalies and major anomalies in populations of varying risk. The development and introduction of international protocols with standard anatomical views should be undertaken in order to optimize first‐trimester anomaly detection. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A Majority of Admitted Patients With Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Undergo and Survive Corrective Treatment: A Population‐Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hultgren R. , Zommorodi Sayid , Gambe Moa , Roy Joy 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an asymptomatic, potentially lethal condition predominantly found in elderly. The mortality is 100 % if rupture occurs and left untreated, but even in treated patients the mortality is substantial. Female sex and treatment with open repair rather than endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) have been reported to negatively affect outcome. The objective was to describe the contemporary care and outcome of all treated and untreated patients with ruptured AAA (rAAA) admitted to hospital.MethodPopulation‐based retrospective investigation, including all patients admitted to the emergency departments within Stockholm County diagnosed with rAAA 2009–2013. All identified patients’ charts (n = 297) were analyzed; the study cohort includes 283 verified patients.ResultsMen were in majority [214 (76 %), 69 (24 %) women] and were younger than women (78 vs 82 years, p < 0.001). A majority of patients were treated (212/283, 75 %), a similar proportion of women and men. Untreated patients had a higher mean age (84 vs 77 years, p < 0.001). The proportion treated with EVAR was 27 %, and they were older than OR treated (79 vs 76 years, p = 0.043). Forty‐seven percentage of patients admitted with rAAA survived 30 days, and 62 % of treated patients survived 30 days. The 30‐day mortality for women and men was similar.ConclusionsOur results and other contemporary series show a shift toward a higher rate of treated patients with rAAA, and improving outcomes, similar for women and men. The increased use of EVAR contributes to this improvement in short‐term outcome. High age influences the willingness to treat patients with rAAA.
Chemical Composition and Physical Properties of High Oleic Safflower Oils (Carthamus tinctorius, Var. CW88‐OL and CW99‐OL)
Authors: Salaberría Florencia , Constenla Diana , Carelli Amalia A. , Carrín María E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractChemical composition and physical properties of CW88‐OL and CW99‐OL cultivars of high oleic safflower seeds and their hexane‐extracted oils were determined. Dry‐based seed composition of CW88‐OL and CW99‐OL was: moisture = 4.29 and 4.23 %, oil = 42.29 and 46.44 %, Crude protein = 20.94 and 16.41 %, neutral detergent fiber = 28.11 and 28.49 %, ash = 1.55 and 2.01 %, phosphorus content = 2033 and 3995 mg/kg, respectively. Major fatty acids in oils were ~78 % oleic (O), ~13 % linoleic (L), ~5 % palmitic (P) and ~2 % stearic (St) acids, for both cultivars. The main triacylglycerols were OOO (~50 %), OOL (~20 %), SOL + OPO (~10 %), and LLP (~5 %). The oil composition of CW88‐OL and CW99‐OL in main minor components was: α‐tocopherol = 582 and 551 mg/kg, total sterols = 3996 and 3362 mg/kg, phospholipids = 22 and 21 mg/kg and wax content = 70 and 74 mg/kg. For both cultivars, density and viscosity of the oils between 25 and 55 °C varied from 903.4 to 912.6 kg/m3 and 63 to 23 mPa.s showing linear and exponential behaviors, respectively. The refractive index was 1.4694. The CIELab color parameters were: 89.69 and 89.53 (L*), −3.72 and −3.07 (a*), and 47.28 and 47.78 (b*) (CW88‐OL and CW99‐OL, respectively). Thus, the high oil content of the seeds and nutritional quality of the oil accompanied by low levels of waxes and phospholipids makes the cultivars studied promising for producers and consumers.
Reliability analysis of slopes in strain-softening soils considering critical slip surfaces
Authors: Metya Subhadeep , Bhattacharya Gautam , Chowdhury Robin 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The paper concerns to the reliability analysis of slopes in strain-softening cohesive soils, using the first order reliability method (FORM). The performance function is based on the Bishop simplified method adapted to take strain-softening into account in terms of the residual factor R
F over a potential slip surface, estimated based on a progressive failure model available in the literature. The reliability analysis is carried out on the surface of minimum factor of safety determined using the sequential quadratic programming (SQP). The random shear strength parameters are assumed to follow normal distribution while the residual factor has been considered both as a deterministic parameter and a beta-distributed random variable. The results obtained for an illustrative example shows substantial reduction (21 %) in the value of reliability index when R
F is considered as a random variable with an assumed COV of 0.3. Results of FORM-based sensitivity analyses also reveal that R
F has the most dominating influence on reliability and thus justifies its inclusion as one of the random variables. A parametric study, varying the assumed correlation coefficient between the random shear strength parameters from 0 to 1, shows that there is a maximum reduction of 16 % in reliability index.