bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: Cytomorphological characteristics of 11 cases with histological correlation and literature review
Authors: Bongiovanni Massimo , Mermod Maxime , Canberk Sule , Saglietti Chiara , Sykiotis Gerasimos P. , Pusztaszeri Marc , Ragazzi Moira , Mazzucchelli Luca , Giovanella Luca , Piana Simonetta 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDThe columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC‐CCV) is a rare entity that demonstrates a more aggressive clinical course compared with the more common subtypes of PTC. On histology, it is defined by papillae or gland‐like structures lined by columnar cells displaying prominent nuclear stratification. Because to the authors' knowledge no characteristic cytomorphological features have been identified to date and typical features of PTC often are absent on cytology, the diagnosis of PTC‐CCV by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is challenging. This prompted the authors to evaluate a series of PTC‐CCV cases to identify features that could facilitate its diagnosis by FNA.METHODSA total of 11 surgical specimens of PTC‐CCV with corresponding preoperative cytology were identified over a 21‐year period. The cytological features of the aspirated specimens, consisting mostly of Papanicolaou and Diff‐Quick smears, were evaluated retrospectively.RESULTSAll cases demonstrated the presence of papillary structures. The most important features observed in PTC‐CCV FNA specimens were hypercellularity with nuclear superposition and a paucity of nuclear pseudoinclusions and grooves.CONCLUSIONSAlthough PTC‐CCV may demonstrate features that overlap with those of the classic variant of PTC, hypercellular smears with papillary structures covered by cells with pseudostratified nuclei that show a paucity of nuclear pseudoinclusions and grooves should alert the cytopathologist to the possibility of this diagnosis. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:389–97. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Ligand‐Controlled Formation and Photoluminescence Properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 Nanocubes and Nanowires
Authors: Zhang Feng , Chen Cheng , Kershaw Stephen V. , Xiao Changtao , Han Junbo , Zou Bingsuo , Wu Xing , Chang Shuai , Dong Yuping , Rogach Andrey L. , Zhong Haizheng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLight‐emitting halide perovskites are currently emerging as promising solution‐processed materials for optoelectronic applications, and correlations between their physical properties and morphologies are important drivers to guide material and device optimization. There is still a lack of precise control of the morphology in colloidal perovskite materials, and in the related studies of their shape‐dependent optical properties. Capitalizing on our previous works on the ligand‐assisted reprecipitation synthesis of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals, we have addressed the role of key experimental parameters in determining the degree of supersaturation that drives the crystallization of CH3NH3PbBr3 precursors. By adjusting the amount of ligands, we fabricated single crystalline CH3NH3PbBr3 nanocubes (size: ≈500 nm) and nanowires (length: 2–4.5 μm, width: ≈100 nm), and conducted steady‐state, time‐resolved, excitation power and temperature‐dependent photoluminescence measurements to investigate their shape‐dependent photoluminescence properties.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting in a C2N Monolayer by C‐Site Isoelectronic Substitution
Authors: Kishore M.R. Ashwin , Ravindran P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors have shown great promise as efficient photocatalysts for water splitting. Tailoring the band gap and band edge positions are the most crucial steps to further improve the photocatalytic activity of 2D materials. Here, we report an improved photocatalytic water splitting activity in a C2N monolayer by isoelectronic substitutions at the C‐site, based on density functional calculations. Our optical calculations show that the isoelectronic substitutions significantly reduce the band gap of the C2N monolayer and thus strongly enhance the absorption of visible light, which is consistent with the observed redshift in the optical absorption spectra. Based on the HSE06 functional, the calculated band edge positions of C2−xSixN and C2−xGexN monolayers are even more favorable than the pristine C2N monolayer for the overall photocatalytic activity. On the other hand, for the C2−xSnxN monolayer, the conduction band minima is more positive than the oxygen reduction potential and, hence, Sn substitution in C2N is unfavorable for the water decomposition reaction. In addition, the isoelectronic substitutions improve the separation of e−–h+ pairs, which, in turn, suppress the recombination rate, thereby leading to enhanced photocatalytic activity in this material. Our results imply that Si‐, and Ge‐substituted C2N monolayers will be a promising visible‐light photocatalysts for water splitting.
Immunoblotting and Immunodetection
Authors: Ni Duojiao , Xu Peng , Gallagher Sean 
Published: April 2017

AbstractImmunoblotting (western blotting) is used to identify specific antigens recognized by polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. This unit provides protocols for all steps, starting with solubilization of the protein samples, usually by means of SDS and reducing agents. Following solubilization, the material is separated by SDS‐PAGE and the antigens are electrophoretically transferred to a membrane, a process that can be monitored by reversible staining with Ponceau S. The transferred proteins are bound to the surface of the membrane, providing access to immunodetection reagents. After nonspecific binding sites are blocked, the membrane is probed with the primary antibody and washed. The antibody‐antigen complexes are tagged with fluorophores, horseradish peroxidase, or alkaline phosphatase coupled to a secondary anti‐IgG antibody, and detected using appropriate fluorescent imaging technologies or with chromogenic or luminescent substrates. Finally, membranes may be stripped and reprobed. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dendrite Suppression by Synergistic Combination of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Crosslinked with Natural Terpenes and Lithium‐Powder Anode for Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Shim Jimin , Lee Jae Won , Bae Ki Yoon , Kim Hee Joong , Yoon Woo Young , Lee Jong‐Chan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLithium‐metal anode has fundamental problems concerning formation and growth of lithium dendrites, which prevents practical applications of next generation of high‐capacity lithium‐metal batteries. The synergistic combination of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) crosslinked with naturally occurring terpenes and lithium‐powder anode is promising solution to resolve the dendrite issues by substituting conventional liquid electrolyte/separator and lithium‐foil anode system. A series of SPEs based on polysiloxane crosslinked with natural terpenes are prepared by facile thiol–ene click reaction under mild condition and the structural effect of terpene crosslinkers on electrochemical properties is studied. Lithium powder with large surface area is prepared by droplet emulsion technique (DET) and used as anode material. The effect of the physical state of electrolyte (solid/liquid) and morphology of lithium‐metal anode (powder/foil) on dendrite growth behavior is systematically studied. The synergistic combination of SPE and lithium‐powder anode suggests an effective solution to suppress the dendrite growth owing to the formation of a stable solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and delocalized current density.
A comprehensive assessment of immunophenotyping performed in cryopreserved peripheral whole blood
Authors: Verschoor Chris P. , Kohli Vikas , Balion Cynthia 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundMonitoring the frequency and phenotype of white blood cell subsets using flow cytometry (immunophenotyping) has proven to be an incredibly powerful tool in the assessment of health. Although improved technologies have aided in the practical implementation of immunophenotyping in clinical and epidemiological studies, the transportation of blood from the site of collection to a central laboratory for analysis within a reasonable timeframe may not be feasible. Hence, the purpose of the following study was to investigate the validity of cryopreserved whole blood as a simple to prepare and cost‐effective biospecimen for multi‐colour immunophenotyping in a large epidemiological study—namely, The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).MethodsIn fresh and cryopreserved blood and cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) we measured cellular viability and the quantities (absolute counts and relative frequencies) of total leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, CD4/CD8 T‐lymphocytes, B‐lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and basophils.ResultsEstimates obtained from immunophenotyping in cryopreserved blood were comparable to fresh blood (Avg. rho: absolute cell counts = 0.71, frequency relative to CD45 leukocytes = 0.84, frequency relative to PBMCs = 0.86), cryopreserved PBMCs (0.86), and complete blood counts by hematological analyzer (0.71) and exhibited good intra‐ and inter‐assay precision (Avg. CV = 4% and 3%, respectively).ConclusionsGiven this, cryopreserved blood should be considered a feasible biospecimen in clinical and epidemiological studies requiring leukocyte immunophenotyping. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Isobolographic Analyses of Proglumide–Celecoxib Interaction in Rats with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Suarez‐Mendez Samuel , Tovilla‐Zarate Carlos A. , Ortega‐Varela Luis F. , Bermudez‐Ocaña Deysi Y. , Blé‐Castillo Jorge L. , González‐Castro Thelma B. , Zetina‐Esquivel Alma M. , Diaz‐Zagoya Juan C. , Esther Juárez‐Rojop Isela 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

The aim of the present study was to analyze the antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic interaction between the non‐selective cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonist receptor, proglumide, and the selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor, celecoxib in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. Hyperalgesia was evaluated in the formalin test and tactile allodynia using von Frey filaments. Isobolographic analyses were employed to define the nature of the compound interactions, using a fixed dose ratio (0.5:0.5). Proglumide (20–160 mg/kg) and celecoxib (0.3–30 mg/kg) in these fixed dose ratio combinations induced dose‐dependent antihyperalgesia and an antiallodynic effect in diabetic rats. ED40 values were calculated for the treatments and an isobologram was constructed. Theoretical ED40 values for combination proglumide–celecoxib estimated from the isobolograms for antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic activity (30.50 ± 1.90 mg/kg and 45.81 ± 4.55 mg/kg, respectively) were obtained, while experimental ED40 values for this antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic combined effect (13.83 ± 0.65 mg/kg and 17.74 ± 3.57 mg/kg; respectively) were significantly different. Coadministration of proglumide–celecoxib showed an interaction index value of 0.45 ± 0.03 for the antihyperalgesic effect and 0.39 ± 0.08 for the antiallodynic activity, indicating a synergistic interaction. These data suggest that proglumide and celecoxib can interact synergistically to reduce hyperalgesic and allodynic behaviors in diabetic neuropathy. This combination could be useful to treat neuropathic pain in diabetic patients. Drug Dev Res 78 : 116–123, 2017. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maternal rearing environment impacts autonomic nervous system activity
Authors: Bliss‐Moreau Eliza , Moadab Gilda , Capitanio John P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWhile it is now well known that social deprivation during early development permanently perturbs affective responding, accumulating evidence suggests that less severe restriction of the early social environment may also have deleterious effects. In the present report, we evaluate the affective responding of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) infants raised by their mothers in restricted social environments or by their mothers in large social groups by indexing autonomic nervous system activity. Following a 25‐hr evaluation of biobehavioral organization, electrocardiogram, and an index of respiration were recorded for 10 min. This allowed for an evaluation of both heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an index of parasympathetic activity, during a challenging situation. Three‐ to four‐month‐old infants raised in restricted social environments had significantly higher heart rates and lower RSA as compared to infants raised in unrestricted social environments, consistent with a more potent stress response to the procedure. These results are consistent with mounting evidence that the environment in which individuals are raised has important consequences for affective processing.
lmplementation of the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor Roxadustat (FG‐4592) and its main metabolites into routine doping controls
Authors: Eichner Daniel , Van Wagoner Ryan M. , Brenner Mitch , Chou James , Leigh Scott , Wright Lee R. , Flippin Lee A. , Martinelli Michael , Krug Oliver , Schänzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario 
Published: April 2017

The utility of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors as a therapeutic means of treating patients suffering from anaemia has been demonstrated for various clinical settings. However, besides this intended use, HIF stabilizers can be the subject of misuse in amateur and elite sports due to their erythropoietic properties, as recently proven by several cases of adverse analytical findings in doping control testing. Consequently, to allow for adequate and comprehensive test methods, knowledge of the drug candidates' metabolism and analytical options enabling appropriate detection windows in sports drug testing samples (i.e., blood and urine) is essential to doping control laboratories. In the present study, a novel HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor referred to as Roxadustat (FG‐4592) and main plasma‐ and urine‐derived metabolites were investigated in the context of routine doping control analytical approaches. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based test methods were used to study the target analytes' dissociation pathways following electrospray ionization and collision‐induced dissociation. Diagnostic precursor‐product ion pairs were selected to enable the implementation of the intact drug Roxadustat and selected metabolites into multi‐analyte initial testing procedures for plasma and urine specimens. The assays were validated in accordance to guidelines of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) and results demonstrated the suitability (fitness‐for‐purpose) of the employed analytical methods with detection limits ranging from 0.05 to 1 ng/mL and 1 to 5 ng/mL for urine and plasma, respectively. Subsequently, elimination study plasma and urine samples collected up to 167 h post‐administration were analyzed using the validated methods, which suggested the use of different target analytes for blood and urine analyses with FG‐4592 and its glucuronide, respectively, for optimal detection windows. Additionally, a light‐induced rearrangement product (photoisomer) of Roxadustat resulted in the formation of an additional compound of identical mass. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inland waters and their role in the carbon cycle of Alaska
Authors: Stackpoole Sarah M. , Butman David E. , Clow David W. , Verdin Kristine L. , Gaglioti Benjamin V. , Genet Hélène , Striegl Robert G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe magnitude of Alaska (AK) inland waters carbon (C) fluxes is likely to change in the future due to amplified climate warming impacts on the hydrology and biogeochemical processes in high latitude regions. Although current estimates of major aquatic C fluxes represent an essential baseline against which future change can be compared, a comprehensive assessment for AK has not yet been completed. To address this gap, we combined available data sets and applied consistent methodologies to estimate river lateral C export to the coast, river and lake carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions, and C burial in lakes for the six major hydrologic regions in the state. Estimated total aquatic C flux for AK was 41 Tg C/yr. Major components of this total flux, in Tg C/yr, were 18 for river lateral export, 17 for river CO2 emissions, and 8 for lake CO2 emissions. Lake C burial offset these fluxes by 2 Tg C/yr. River and lake CH4 emissions were 0.03 and 0.10 Tg C/yr, respectively. The Southeast and South central regions had the highest temperature, precipitation, terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP), and C yields (fluxes normalized to land area) were 77 and 42 g C·m−2·yr−1, respectively. Lake CO2 emissions represented over half of the total aquatic flux from the Southwest (37 g C·m−2·yr−1). The North Slope, Northwest, and Yukon regions had lesser yields (11, 15, and 17 g C·m2·yr−1), but these estimates may be the most vulnerable to future climate change, because of the heightened sensitivity of arctic and boreal ecosystems to intensified warming. Total aquatic C yield for AK was 27 g C·m−2·yr−1, which represented 16% of the estimated terrestrial NPP. Freshwater ecosystems represent a significant conduit for C loss, and a more comprehensive view of land‐water‐atmosphere interactions is necessary to predict future climate change impacts on the Alaskan ecosystem C balance.
Long‐term continental changes in wing length, but not bill length, of a long‐distance migratory shorebird
Authors: Lank David B. , Xu Cailin , Harrington Brian A. , Morrison Richard I. Guy , Gratto‐Trevor Cheri L. , Hicklin Peter W. , Sandercock Brett K. , Smith Paul Allen , Kwon Eunbi , Rausch Jennie , Pirie Dominix Lisa D. , Hamilton Diana J. , Paquet Julie , Bliss Sydney E. , Neima Sarah G. , Friis Christian , Flemming Scott A. , Anderson Alexandra M. , Ydenberg Ronald C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe compiled a >50‐year record of morphometrics for semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla), a shorebird species with a Nearctic breeding distribution and intercontinental migration to South America. Our data included >57,000 individuals captured 1972–2015 at five breeding locations and three major stopover sites, plus 139 museum specimens collected in earlier decades. Wing length increased by ca. 1.5 mm (>1%) prior to 1980, followed by a decrease of 3.85 mm (nearly 4%) over the subsequent 35 years. This can account for previously reported changes in metrics at a migratory stopover site from 1985 to 2006. Wing length decreased at a rate of 1,098 darwins, or 0.176 haldanes, within the ranges of other field studies of phenotypic change. Bill length, in contrast, showed no consistent change over the full period of our study. Decreased body size as a universal response of animal populations to climate warming, and several other potential mechanisms, are unable to account for the increasing and decreasing wing length pattern observed. We propose that the post‐WWII near‐extirpation of falcon populations and their post‐1973 recovery driven by the widespread use and subsequent limitation on DDT in North America selected initially for greater flight efficiency and latterly for greater agility. This predation danger hypothesis accounts for many features of the morphometric data and deserves further investigation in this and other species.
Universal expressions of population change by the Price equation: Natural selection, information, and maximum entropy production
Authors: Frank Steven A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Price equation shows the unity between the fundamental expressions of change in biology, in information and entropy descriptions of populations, and in aspects of thermodynamics. The Price equation partitions the change in the average value of a metric between two populations. A population may be composed of organisms or particles or any members of a set to which we can assign probabilities. A metric may be biological fitness or physical energy or the output of an arbitrarily complicated function that assigns quantitative values to members of the population. The first part of the Price equation describes how directly applied forces change the probabilities assigned to members of the population when holding constant the metrical values of the members—a fixed metrical frame of reference. The second part describes how the metrical values change, altering the metrical frame of reference. In canonical examples, the direct forces balance the changing metrical frame of reference, leaving the average or total metrical values unchanged. In biology, relative reproductive success (fitness) remains invariant as a simple consequence of the conservation of total probability. In physics, systems often conserve total energy. Nonconservative metrics can be described by starting with conserved metrics, and then studying how coordinate transformations between conserved and nonconserved metrics alter the geometry of the dynamics and the aggregate values of populations. From this abstract perspective, key results from different subjects appear more simply as universal geometric principles for the dynamics of populations subject to the constraints of particular conserved quantities.
Population genomics reveals a candidate gene involved in bumble bee pigmentation
Authors: Pimsler Meaghan L. , Jackson Jason M. , Lozier Jeffrey D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractVariation in bumble bee color patterns is well‐documented within and between species. Identifying the genetic mechanisms underlying such variation may be useful in revealing evolutionary forces shaping rapid phenotypic diversification. The widespread North American species Bombus bifarius exhibits regional variation in abdominal color forms, ranging from red‐banded to black‐banded phenotypes and including geographically and phenotypically intermediate forms. Identifying genomic regions linked to this variation has been complicated by strong, near species level, genome‐wide differentiation between red‐ and black‐banded forms. Here, we instead focus on the closely related black‐banded and intermediate forms that both belong to the subspecies B. bifarius nearcticus. We analyze an RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data set and identify a cluster of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within one gene, Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase‐like, that exhibit highly unusual differentiation compared to the rest of the sequenced genome. Homologs of this gene contribute to pigmentation in other insects, and results thus represent a strong candidate for investigating the genetic basis of pigment variation in B. bifarius and other bumble bee mimicry complexes.