bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of inorganic and organic phosphorus molecules on microbial activity, and the stoichiometry of nutrient cycling in soils in an arid, agricultural ecosystem
Authors: Chavez-Ortiz Pamela , Larsen John , Olmedo-Alvarez Gabriela , García-Oliva Felipe 
Published: September 2024

Background
The dynamics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in soils determine their fertility and crop growth in agroecosystems. These dynamics depend on microbial metabolism, which in turn depends on nutrient availability. Farmers typically apply either mineral or organic fertilizers to increase the availability of nutrients in soils. Phosphorus, which usually limits plant growth, is one of the most applied nutrients. Our knowledge is limited regarding how different forms of P impact the ability of microbes in soils to produce the enzymes required to release nutrients, such as C, N and P from different substrates.

Methods
In this study, we used the arable layer of a calcareous soil obtained from an alfalfa cropland in Cuatro Cienegas, México, to perform an incubation experiment, where five different phosphate molecules were added as treatments substrates: three organic molecules (RNA, adenine monophosphate (AMP) and phytate) and two inorganic molecules (calcium phosphate and ammonium phosphate). Controls did not receive added phosphorus. We measured nutrient dynamics and soil microbial activity after 19 days of incubation.

Results
Different P molecules affected potential microbial C mineralization (CO2-C) and enzyme activities, specifically in the organic treatments. P remained immobilized in the microbial biomass (Pmic) regardless of the source of P, suggesting that soil microorganisms were limited by phosphorus. Higher mineralization rates in soil amended with organic P compounds depleted dissolved organic carbon and increased nitrification. The C:N:P stoichiometry of the microbial biomass implied a change in the microbial community which affected the carbon use efficiency (CUE), threshold elemental ratio (TER), and homeostasis.

Conclusion
Different organic and inorganic sources of P affect soil microbial community structure and metabolism. This modifies the dynamics of soil C, N and P. These results highlight the importance of considering the composition of organic matter and phosphate compounds used in agriculture since their impact on the microbial activity of the soil can also affect plant productivity.
Cancer Metabolism
Authors: Pavlova Natalya N. , Thompson Craig B. 
Published: November 2016

OverviewSuccessful cell proliferation is dependent on a profound remodeling of cellular metabolism, required to support the biosynthetic needs of a growing cell. Constitutive signaling through aberrantly activated oncogenes activates pro‐growth metabolic circuits that can lock cancer cells into net macromolecular synthesis and resistance to cell death. Oncogenic signaling can induce cellular uptake of metabolic substrates, such as glucose and glutamine, as well as utilization of unconventional nutrient sources. In contrast to nonproliferating tissues, which preferentially oxidize acquired metabolic substrates in mitochondria to fuel the oxidative phosphorylation and energy production, cancer cells prioritize the use of acquired metabolic substrates in anabolic processes, including fatty acid, cholesterol, nonessential amino acid, and nucleotide biosynthesis. The accumulation of these precursors supports the synthesis of the macromolecules necessary to sustain cell growth. Oncogene‐directed increases in levels of select metabolites can also influence cellular processes beyond metabolic circuits, resulting in changes to the cellular epigenetic state as well as long‐ranging effects on cells within the tumor microenvironment. Recent studies suggest these alterations in tumor cell metabolism can be exploited to improve the diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of cancers.
Defying geometric similarity: Shape centralization in male UK offshore workers
Authors: Stewart Arthur D. , Ledingham Robert J. , Furnace Graham , Williams Hector , Nevill Alan M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesApplying geometric similarity predictions of body dimensions to specific occupational groups has the potential to reveal useful ergonomic and health implications. This study assessed a representative sample of the male UK offshore workforce, and examined how body dimensions from sites typifying musculoskeletal development or fat accumulation, differed from predicted values.MethodsA cross sectional sample was obtained across seven weight categories using quota sampling, to match the wider workforce. In total, 588 UK offshore workers, 84 from each of seven weight categories, were measured for stature, mass and underwent 3D body scans which yielded 22 dimensional measurements. Each measurement was modeled using a body‐mass power law (adjusting for age), to derive its exponent, which was compared against that predicted from geometric similarity.ResultsMass scaled to stature 1.73 (CI: 1.44–2.02). Arm and leg volume increased by mass0.8, and torso volume increased by mass1.1 in contrast to mass 1.0 predicted by geometric similarity. Neck girth increased by mass 0.33 as expected, while torso girth and depth dimensions increased by mass0.53–0.72, all substantially greater than assumed by geometric similarity.ConclusionsAfter controlling for age, offshore workers experience spectacular “super‐centralization” of body shape, with greatest gains in abdominal depth and girth dimensions in areas of fat accumulation, and relative dimensional loss in limbs. These findings are consistent with the antecedents of sarcopenic obesity, and should be flagged as a health concern for this workforce, and for future targeted research and lifestyle interventions.
Does arsenic increase the risk of neural tube defects among a highly exposed population? A new case–control study in Bangladesh
Authors: Mazumdar Maitreyi 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundNeural tube defects are debilitating birth defects that occur when the developing neural plate fails to close in early gestation. Arsenic induces neural tube defects in animal models, but whether environmental arsenic exposure increases risk of neural tube defects in humans is unknown.MethodsWe describe a new case–control study in Bangladesh, a country currently experiencing an epidemic of arsenic poisoning through contaminated drinking water. We plan to understand how arsenic influences risk of neural tube defects in humans through mechanisms that include disruption of maternal glucose and folate metabolism, as well as epigenetic effects. We also investigate whether sweat chloride concentration, a potential new biomarker for arsenic toxicity, can be used to identify women at higher risk for having a child affected by neural tube defect. We will collect dural tissue from cases, obtained at the time of surgical closure of the defect, and believe investigation of these samples will provide insight into the epigenetic mechanisms by which prenatal arsenic exposure affects the developing nervous system.ConclusionThese studies explore mechanisms by which arsenic may increase risk of neural tube defects in humans and use a unique population with high arsenic exposure to test hypotheses. If successful, these studies may assist countries with high arsenic exposure such as Bangladesh to identify populations at high risk of neural tube defects, as well as direct development of novel screening strategies for maternal risk.Birth Defects Research 109:92–98, 2017.© 2016 The Authors Birth Defects Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Artificial Co‐enzyme Based on the Viologen Skeleton for Highly Efficient CO2 Reduction to Formic Acid with Formate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Ikeyama Shusaku , Amao Yutaka 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFormate dehydrogenase (FDH) is an attractive catalyst for the reduction of CO2 because CO2 is converted to formic acid by FDH at room temperature under normal pressure in neutral aqueous solution. The reduced form of methylviologen acts as an artificial co‐enzyme for FDH in the conversion of CO2 to formic acid. To improve the catalytic activity of FDH in reducing CO2, viologen derivatives with ionic groups were synthesized as effective artificial co‐enzymes for FDH. We used enzyme kinetic analysis to assess the effect of the ionic amino or carboxyl functional groups in the reduced form of the viologen derivatives on the catalytic activity of FDH with respect to the reduction of CO2. By using 1,1′‐diaminoethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium salt, which is the reduced form of a viologen derivative with two amino groups, we optimized the reduction of CO2 to formic acid with FDH. The catalytic efficiency value (kcat/Km) of the reduced form of 1,1′‐diaminoethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium salt was estimated to be more than 560 times larger than that of the natural co‐enzyme NADH. From the analysis result, the CO2 reduction was influenced by the ionic group of the viologen derivative.
Synthesis and Molecular Structure of 99Tc Corroles
Authors: Einrem Rune F. , Braband Henrik , Fox Thomas , Vazquez‐Lima Hugo , Alberto Roger , Ghosh Abhik 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe first 99Tc corroles have been synthesized and fully characterized. A single‐crystal X‐ray structure of a 99TcO triarylcorrole revealed nearly identical geometry parameters as the corresponding ReO structure. A significant spectral shift between the Soret maxima of TcO (410–413 nm) and ReO (438–441 nm) corroles was observed and, based on two‐component spin–orbit ZORA TDDFT calculations, ascribed to relativistic effects in the Re case. The syntheses reported herein potentially pave the way toward 99mTc‐porphyrinoid‐based radiopharmaceuticals.
Detection of Proteins on Blot Membranes
Authors: Goldman Aaron , Harper Sandra , Speicher David W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStaining of blot membranes enables the visualization of bound proteins. Proteins are usually transferred to blot membranes by electroblotting, by direct spotting of protein solutions, or by contact blots. Staining allows the efficiency of transfer to the membrane to be monitored. This unit describes protocols for staining proteins after electroblotting from polyacrylamide gels to blot membranes such as polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), nitrocellulose, or nylon membranes. The same methods can be used if proteins are directly spotted, either manually or using robotics. Protocols are included for seven general protein stains (amido black, Coomassie blue, Ponceau S, colloidal gold, colloidal silver, India ink, and MemCode) and three fluorescent protein stains (fluorescamine, IAEDANS, and SYPRO Ruby). Also included is an in‐depth discussion of the different blot membrane types and the compatibility of different protein stains with downstream applications, such as immunoblotting or N‐terminal Edman sequencing. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Study of Lightning Risk Evaluation of Distribution Systems
Authors: ISHIMOTO KAZUYUKI , ASAKAWA AKIRA , SHINDO TAKATOSHI 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYRecently, concept of the lightning risk management has been proposed for the minimization of damages caused by lightning. In distribution systems (power distribution lines, low‐voltage distribution lines, telecommunication lines, and customer appliances), lightning protection measures based on the lightning risk management are effective since the number of facilities is enormous. In this paper, for the establishment of lightning risk management method of distribution systems, we expressed the lightning risk assessment method of distribution systems and examined the influence of arrangement of customer house on the lightning risk values of power distribution lines and customer appliances.
Development of a chitosan‐based tissue‐engineered renal proximal tubule conduit
Authors: Chiang I‐Ni , Huang Wan‐Chen , Huang Chao‐Yuan , Pu Yeong‐Shiau , Young Tai‐Horng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRenal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) are responsible for glomerular filtration and maintenance of water/electrolyte balance. To regenerate a proximal tubule, sufficient cell numbers and normal cell function are requisite. Collagen has been routinely used as a substrate for culturing human RPTCs (HRPTCs); however, the role of biomaterials has not been thoroughly explored. In this study, RPTCs retrieved from human nephrectomy/nephroureterectomy specimens were cultivated on chitosan as a substrate in serum‐free condition for up to 150 days. HRPTCs could maintain a typical epithelial morphology and the specific differentiation feature of transporting epithelia after such long‐term culture. As compared with HRPTCs cultivated on collagen, those cultivated on chitosan showed more dome formation, higher Na+‐K+ ATPase expression, lower vimentin expression, and lower transepithelial electrical resistance, indicating that HRPTCs cultivated on chitosan presented better differentiation status and would be more functional with better active transportation. Thus, the current study indicates greater scope for the use of chitosan as a biomaterial for preparing a HRPTC‐coated chitosan conduit, which might be useful for the scaffold design of tissue‐engineered proximal tubules. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 9–20, 2018.
New functionalities of Maillard reaction products as emulsifiers and encapsulating agents, and the processing parameters: a brief review
Authors: Lee Yee‐Ying , Tang Teck‐Kim , Phuah Eng‐Tong , Alitheen Noorjahan Banu Mohamed , Tan Chin‐Ping , Lai Oi‐Ming 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNon‐enzymatic browning has been a wide and interesting research area in the food industry, ranging from the complexity of the reaction to its applications in the food industry as well as its ever‐debatable health effects. This review provides a new perspective to the Maillard reaction apart from its ubiquitous function in enhancing food flavour, taste and appearance. It focuses on the recent application of Maillard reaction products as an inexpensive and excellent source of emulsifiers as well as superior encapsulating matrices for the entrapment of bioactive compounds. Additionally, it will also discuss the latest approaches employed to perform the Maillard reaction as well as several important reaction parameters that need to be taken into consideration when conducting the Maillard reaction. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The self‐consistent charge density functional tight‐binding theory study of carbon adatoms using tuned Hubbard U parameters
Authors: Wang Jia , Dai Xing , Jiang Wanrun , Yu Tianrong , Wang Zhigang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe self‐consistent charge density functional tight‐binding (DFTB) theory is a useful tool for realizing the electronic structures of large molecular complex systems. In this study, the electronic structure of C61 formed by fullerene C60 with a carbon adatom is analyzed, using the fully localized limit and pseudo self‐interaction correction methods of DFTB to adjust the Hubbard U parameter (DFTB + U). The results show that both the methods used to adjust U can significantly reduce the molecular orbital energy of occupied states localized on the defect carbon atom and improve the gap between highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO) of C61. This work will provide a methodological reference point for future DFTB calculations of the electronic structures of carbon materials.
Thermal Antioxidative Kinetics of Hydroxytyrosol in Selected Lipid Systems of Different Unsaturation Degree
Authors: Mahdavianmehr Hadi , Farhoosh Reza , Sharif Ali 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe oxidation kinetics of the purified triacylglycerols of olive, canola, and fish oils as affected by different concentrations of hydroxytyrosol were studied at 60–100 °C. On average, hydroxytyrosol improved the temperature susceptibility (temperature coefficient, TC, and Q10 number) of olive oil, whereas opposite results were observed for canola and fish oils. Despite the results observed in canola and fish oils, hydroxytyrosol caused much greater changes in the Arrhenius equation parameters (activation energy, Ea, and frequency factor, A) for the oxidation of olive oil. On the whole, the highest increase in the Gibbs free energy, ΔG++, of the activated complex formation as affected by the antioxidant was for olive (9.7%), canola (8.9%), and fish (5.7%) oils, respectively.
Thrombolytic therapy delay is independent predictor of mortality in acute pulmonary embolism at emergency service
Authors: Beydilli İnan , Yılmaz Fevzi , Sönmez Bedriye Müge , Kozacı Nalan , Yılmaz Akar , Toksul İbrahim Halil , Güven Ramazan , Avcı Mustafa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAcute pulmonary embolism (PE) carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Delays in diagnosis or therapy may result in sudden, fatal deterioration; therefore, rapid diagnosis and an appropriate therapeutic approach are needed. We aimed to investigate the effect of delaying thrombolytic administration on the mortality rate in a suspected PE. We retrospectively analyzed 49 consecutive patients who were aged 18 years or older and received thrombolysis for a high‐risk PE without a major contraindication. All patients were classified according to the time of onset of the thrombolytic therapy. Patients experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest were analyzed from the time of admission to thrombolytic administration with 10‐minute cutoff values. Data were analyzed by a regression analysis and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for significant and independent associated risk factors and in‐hospital mortality. Mortality was seen in 17 of the 49 cases. Thirteen of these had received thrombolytic therapy 1 hour after their emergency department (ED) admission. Among all cases, the mortality rate was 35%. The ROC analysis indicated that a > 97‐second delayed thrombolytic administration time was associated with mortality with 53% sensitivity and 91% specificity (area under the curve, 0.803; 95% confidence interval, 0.668–0.938). In the logistic regression, a 5‐minute delay in thrombolytic therapy (beta = 1.342; 95% confidence interval, 1.818–2.231; p = 0.001) was associated with in‐hospital mortality in the multivariable model. No major bleeding complications were seen in PE survivors. We conclude that early onset thrombolytic therapy in the ED for high‐risk and hemodynamically worsening patients appears safe and life‐saving.
Assessing the effects of climate change and land use on northern Labrador forest stands based on paleoecological data
Authors: Lemus-Lauzon Isabel , Bhiry Najat , Woollett James 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe reconstructed the late Holocene vegetation of the Nain region (northern Labrador, northeastern Canada) in order to assess the influence of climate and historic land use on past shifts in forest composition. Chronostratigraphy was used in combination with macrofossil and pollen data from monoliths sampled from four peatlands. Paleoecological reconstructions produced a vegetation history spanning 4900 years for the Nain region that is largely concordant with other studies in Labrador. An initial open forest tundra phase was followed by an increase in tree cover at around 2800 cal yr BP. Paludification began ∼200 cal yr BP. A decline in Picea and its subsequent disappearance from most of the sites occurred ∼170 cal yr BP (AD 1780) in a period of relatively mild conditions during the Little Ice Age. This event was followed by the establishment of Larix laricina in the region. Local anthropogenic factors are likely responsible for these later developments, as they were not observed in other regional studies. The period around AD 1780 corresponds to the establishment of the Moravian missionaries on the Labrador coast, which increased the need for fuel and lumber. We conclude that changes in land use are reflected in the patterns of vegetation and hydrological change at the study sites.
Challenging Residual Contamination of Instruments for Robotic Surgery in Japan
Authors: Saito Yuhei , Yasuhara Hiroshi , Murakoshi Satoshi , Komatsu Takami , Fukatsu Kazuhiko , Uetera Yushi 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDRecently, robotic surgery has been introduced in many hospitals. The structure of robotic instruments is so complex that updating their cleaning methods is a challenge for healthcare professionals. However, there is limited information on the effectiveness of cleaning for instruments for robotic surgery.OBJECTIVETo determine the level of residual contamination of instruments for robotic surgery and to develop a method to evaluate the cleaning efficacy for complex surgical devices.METHODSSurgical instruments were collected immediately after operations and/or after in-house cleaning, and the level of residual protein was measured. Three serial measurements were performed on instruments after cleaning to determine the changes in the level of contamination and the total amount of residual protein. The study took place from September 1, 2013, through June 30, 2015, in Japan.RESULTSThe amount of protein released from robotic instruments declined exponentially. The amount after in-house cleaning was 650, 550, and 530 µg/instrument in the 3 serial measurements. The overall level of residual protein in each measurement was much higher for robotic instruments than for ordinary instruments (P<.0001).CONCLUSIONSOur data demonstrated that complete removal of residual protein from surgical instruments is virtually impossible. The pattern of decline differed depending on the instrument type, which reflected the complex structure of the instruments. It might be necessary to establish a new standard for cleaning using a novel classification according to the structural complexity of instruments, especially for those for robotic surgery.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:143–146
Reduced models accounting for parallel magnetic perturbations: gyrofluid and finite Larmor radius–Landau fluid approaches
Authors: Tassi E. , Sulem P. L. , Passot T. 
Published: November 2016

Reduced models are derived for a strongly magnetized collisionless plasma at scales which are large relative to the electron thermal gyroradius and in two asymptotic regimes. One corresponds to cold ions and the other to far sub-ion scales. By including the electron pressure dynamics, these models improve the Hall reduced magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and the kinetic Alfvén wave model of Boldyrev et al. (2013 Astrophys. J., vol. 777, 2013, p. 41), respectively. We show that the two models can be obtained either within the gyrofluid formalism of Brizard (Phys. Fluids, vol. 4, 1992, pp. 1213–1228) or as suitable weakly nonlinear limits of the finite Larmor radius (FLR)–Landau fluid model of Sulem and Passot (J. Plasma Phys., vol 81, 2015, 325810103) which extends anisotropic Hall MHD by retaining low-frequency kinetic effects. It is noticeable that, at the far sub-ion scales, the simplifications originating from the gyroaveraging operators in the gyrofluid formalism and leading to subdominant ion velocity and temperature fluctuations, correspond, at the level of the FLR–Landau fluid, to cancellation between hydrodynamic contributions and ion finite Larmor radius corrections. Energy conservation properties of the models are discussed and an explicit example of a closure relation leading to a model with a Hamiltonian structure is provided.