bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pot‐Economical Synthesis of Hydroxylated Arylethenyl‐arylethynyl‐arenes through Sequential Decarboxylative Perkin–Sonogashira Reactions
Authors: Shard Amit , Kumar Rajesh , Equbal Danish , Sinha Arun Kumar 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA simple, economical and one‐pot protocol is developed for construction of multiple carbon–carbon bonds having C(sp2)−C(sp2) and C(sp2)−C(sp) hybridization, as these intriguing molecular architectures exhibit significant optoelectronic and medicinal properties. To this end, a sequential reaction is devised that allows one‐pot three‐component reactions of hydroxybenzaldehydes (C6–C1 unit), halo‐phenylacetic acids (C6–C2 unit) and arylacetylenes (C6–C3 unit) resulting in the formation of highly π‐conjugated complex arylethenyl‐arylethynyl‐arenes (C6–C2–C6–C2–C6 unit) bearing a hydroxy group via sequential Perkin condensation–decarboxylation–Sonogashira coupling in polyethylene glycol with microwave irradiation. The process avoids protection–deprotection manipulations, generates CO2 and H2O as by‐products and is successfully extended for the efficient construction of a wide series of novel aliphatic/alicyclic/(hetero)aromatic arylethenyl‐arylethynyl‐arenes with pendant hydroxy functionality, which could undergo further chemical modification to achieve target biological and physical properties.
Ein pH‐abhängiger, mechanisch verzahnter Schalter: organometallisches [2]Rotaxan und organisches [3]Rotaxan
Authors: Altmann Philipp J. , Pöthig Alexander 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWir stellen das erste [2]Rotaxan mit einer funktionellen organometallischen Ringkomponente vor. Im Unterschied zu etablierten organischen Systemen zeigt diese molekulare Architektur eine hohe postsynthetische Modifizierbarkeit. Die Reaktivität der Ag8‐Pillarplex‐Ringkomponente bleibt vollständig erhalten, was anhand der ersten Transmetallierung an einem Rotaxangerüst zum Au8‐Analogon verdeutlicht wird. Zusätzlich kann im sauren Milieu ein ausschließlich organisches [3]Rotaxan erhalten werden; diese Reaktion ist durch Zugabe einer geeigneten Base umkehrbar und kann somit als pH‐abhängiger Schalter genutzt werden. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass die mechanisch verzahnte Natur des Moleküls die kinetische Stabilität des NHC‐Wirtkomplexes um einen Faktor >1000 erhöht, was die erste Beobachtung eines stabilisierenden “Rotaxand‐Effektes” darstellt.
Fast, Efficient and Low E‐Factor One‐Pot Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of (Hetero)Arenes
Authors: Pinxterhuis Erik B. , Visser Paco , Esser Iwan , Gualtierotti Jean‐Baptiste , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe homocoupling of aryl halides and the heterocoupling of aryl halides with either aryl bromides or arenes bearing an ortho‐lithiation directing group are presented. The use of a Pd catalyst, in combination with t‐BuLi, allows for the rapid and efficient formation of a wide range of polyaromatic compounds in a one pot procedure bypassing the need for the separate preformation of an organometallic coupling partner. These polyaromatic structures are obtained in high yields, in 10 min at room temperature, with minimal waste generation (E‐factors as low as 1.5) and without the need for strict inert conditions, making this process highly efficient and practical in comparison to classical methods. As illustration, several key intermediates of widely used BINOL‐derived structures are readily prepared.
Sliding Mode Disturbance Observer‐based Motion Control for a Piezoelectric Actuator‐based Surgical Device
Authors: Lau Jun Yik , Liang Wenyu , Liaw Hwee Choo , Tan Kok Kiong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a sliding mode disturbance observer‐based motion tracking control methodology. In particular, the methodology is applied to control a semi‐automated hand‐held ear surgical device for the treatment of otitis media with effusion. The proposed control methodology is utilised to deal with the undesirable effects in the motion system, such as non‐linear dynamics, parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. It employs a proportional‐derivative control scheme together with a sliding mode disturbance observer for rejecting the undesirable effects. The stability of the proposed control methodology is proven theoretically and its effectiveness is evaluated experimentally. In addition, promising motion tracking experimental results are shown, and it can be observed that the proposed approach offers more robust performance for controlling the hand‐held surgical device and other similar instruments.
A joint monsoon index for East Asian–Australian monsoons during boreal summer
Authors: Chen Wei , Guan Zhaoyong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUsing National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis and other data, a joint monsoon index IEAAM is defined for capturing variation features of East Asian summer monsoon and Australian winter monsoon as an entity. The East Asian–Australian monsoons (EAAM) are found to be stronger after 1993 whereas weaker before this year. When EAAM is anomalously strong, cold sea surface temperature anomalies appear around north coast of Australia, facilitating easterly wind near equator to strengthen in lower troposphere and both the Australia High and the northwestern subtropical anticyclone to intensify. The divergent flows emanating from the Southern Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) region and tropical north Pacific, respectively, force Australian High and northwestern Pacific subtropical anticyclone to reinforce. The anomalous convergence around Kalimantan Island links East Asian monsoon to Australian monsoon via the divergent flows. During strong EAAM years, rainfall is surplus over south coast of China and southern Japan whereas deficient over northwestern tropical Pacific and southwestern tropical Indian Ocean.
Spectroscopic investigation of the anticancer alkaloid piperlongumine binding to human serum albumin from the viewpoint of drug delivery
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Qian‐Yu , Wang Yu‐Ping , Liu Yi‐Ming , Liu Bin , Liu Mei‐Mei , Liu Bing‐Mi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPiperlongumine (PL) is a very promising natural agent with a high potential for cancer treatment. To overcome the poor water solubility of PL, there is a need to develop a novel water‐soluble formulation in which PL is non‐covalently bound to human serum albumin (HSA). PL binding to HSA was studied by various spectroscopic techniques under simulated physiological conditions. Spectroscopic evidence showed that the interaction of PL with HSA could form a PL–HSA complex. The binding constant (Ka) values increased with increasing temperature, and a similar dependence was observed for the number of binding sites (n) values. The number of PL molecules bound to HSA reached 8.1 when the temperature was raised to 308 K. Thermodynamic calculation results suggested that the binding reaction occurred spontaneously but was an entropy‐driven process, and hydrophobic forces played a major role in stabilizing the complex. Furthermore, PL binding induced conformational and microenvironmental changes in HSA. Displacement studies indicated that PL and warfarin had separate binding regions in site I. Therefore, it would be possible to develop a novel water‐soluble formulation involving PL and HSA. This study may provide some valuable information in terms of improving the poor water solubility of PL.
Was das Gehirn zum Lernen braucht
Authors: Roth Gerhard 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungIn der Schule soll Wissen so vermittelt werden, dass die Inhalte langfristig im Gedächtnis der Lernenden hängenbleiben. Aus psychologisch‐neurobiologischer Sicht hängt der Lernerfolg neben Intelligenz und Begabung maßgeblich von folgenden Faktoren ab: (a) Persönlichkeit des Lehrenden, (b) Aufmerksamkeit, (c) Anschlussfähigkeit des Stoffes, (d) Motivation und Belohnungserwartung, (e) Vielfalt der Unterrichtsmethoden sowie Strukturierung des Unterrichts, (f) Fleiß und Wiederholung. Der Autor betreut seit einigen Jahren mehrere Schulprojekte, in denen auf der Grundlage dieser Erkenntnisse neue Unterrichtsstrukturen erprobt werden.
Morbidity of cholecystectomy and gastric bypass in a national database
Authors: Wanjura V , Szabo E , Österberg J , Ottosson J , Enochsson L , Sandblom G 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
There is a strong association between obesity and gallstones. However, there is no clear evidence regarding the optimal order of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and cholecystectomy when both procedures are clinically indicated.

Methods
Based on cross-matched data from the Swedish Register for Cholecystectomy and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (GallRiks; 79 386 patients) and the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg; 36 098 patients) from 2007 to 2013, complication rates, reoperation rates and operation times related to the timing of RYGB and cholecystectomy were explored.

Results
There was a higher aggregate complication risk when cholecystectomy was performed after RYGB rather than before (odds ratio (OR) 1·35, 95 per cent c.i. 1·09 to 1·68; P = 0·006). A complication after the first procedure independently increased the complication risk of the following procedure (OR 2·02, 1·44 to 2·85; P &lt; 0·001). Furthermore, there was an increased complication risk when cholecystectomy was performed at the same time as RYGB (OR 1·72, 1·14 to 2·60; P = 0·010). Simultaneous cholecystectomy added 61·7 (95 per cent c.i. 56·1 to 67·4) min (P &lt; 0·001) to the duration of surgery.

Conclusion
Cholecystectomy should be performed before, not during or after, RYGB.
Different patterns of attentional bias in antenatal and postpartum depression
Authors: Edvinsson Åsa , Skalkidou Alkistis , Hellgren Charlotte , Gingnell Malin , Ekselius Lisa , Willebrand Mimmie , Sundström Poromaa Inger 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundBiased information processing in attention, memory, and interpretation is proposed to be central cognitive alterations in patients with major depressive disorder, but studies in women with peripartum depression are scarce. Because of the many similarities with depression in nonperipartum states as regards symptom profile and risk factors, we hypothesized that women with antenatal and postpartum depression would display attentional bias to negatively and positively valenced words.MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐seven pregnant and 157 postpartum women were included. Among these, 40 suffered from antenatal depressive disorder and 33 from postpartum depressive disorder. An emotional Stroop task with neutral, positive, negative, and negatively valenced obstetric words was used.ResultsNo significant difference in emotional interference scores was noted between women with antenatal depression and nondepressed pregnant women. In contrast, women with postpartum depression displayed shorter reaction times to both positive (p = .028) and negative (p = .022) stimuli, compared with neutral words. Pregnant women on antidepressant treatment displayed longer reaction times to negatively valenced obstetric words in comparison with untreated depressed women (p = .012), and a trend toward greater interference in comparison with controls (p = .061).ConclusionsIn contrast with the hypothesis, we found no evidence of attentional bias to emotionally valenced stimuli in women with untreated peripartum depression. However, the shorter reaction times to emotional stimuli in women with postpartum depression may indicate emotional numbing, which in turn, is a functional impairment that may have repercussions for child development and well‐being. Our findings emphasize the need to identify and treat women with postpartum depression at the earliest possible time point to ensure swift recovery and support for the family.
Hysteretic Two‐Step Spin‐Crossover Behavior in Two Two‐Dimensional Hofmann‐Type Coordination Polymers
Authors: Liu Fu‐Ling , Tao Jun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe reaction of ferrous salts and square‐planar tetracyanometallates [MII(CN)4]2− (M=Pd, Pt) with ligand 4‐(1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine (Hppy) resulted in the formation of two two‐dimensional (2D) Hofmann‐like coordination polymers (CPs) with the general formula of {FeII(Hppy)2[MII(CN)4]}⋅H2O (M=Pd for 1Pd, Pt for 1Pt). The two CPs have been studied by variable‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, differential scanning calorimetry, and magnetic measurements. Polymers 1Pd and 1Pt are isostructures, in which the FeII atoms are equatorially coordinated with [MII(CN)4]2− to form 2D undulating layers and axially coordinated with Hppy ligands. Both compounds undergo cooperative, complete spin crossover (SCO), with characteristic abrupt and remarkable two equal steps, featuring hysteresis widths of 14 K and 19 K (1Pd) and 17 and 23 K (1Pt) for the two steps. The SCO cooperativity may result from the hydrogen bonds and π⋅⋅⋅π interactions within and between such 2D layers, and the two‐step SCO behavior is accompanied with phase transitions.
Evidence for a [17] π‐Electronic Full‐Fledged Non‐innocent Gallium(III)‐Corrole Radical
Authors: Basumatary Biju , Rai Jyoti , Reddy R. V. Ramana , Sankar Jeyaraman 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOne‐electron oxidation of a GaIII‐corrole with N(4‐BrC6H4)3SbCl6 resulted in an air‐stable non‐innocent GaIII‐corrole radical. The single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography of the 2,17‐bis‐formyl‐5,10,15‐tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrolato gallium(III)(chloride) radical ([3‐Cl].) revealed delocalization of the unpaired electron, which was further confirmed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and spin density distribution plot. In addition, the nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS), anisotropy‐induced current density (AICD) and harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) supported a [17] π‐electron‐conjugated (or antiaromatic) radical.
Electro‐ and Photocatalytic Generation of H2 Using a Distinctive CoII “PN3P” Pincer Supported Complex with Water or Saturated Saline as a Hydrogen Source
Authors: Rao Gyandshwar Kumar , Pell Wendy , Gabidullin Bulat , Korobkov Ilia , Richeson Darrin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEfficient electrocatalytic production of H2 from mixed water/acetonitrile solutions was achieved using three new CoII complexes supported by the neutral pincer ligand bis(diphenylphosphino)‐2,6‐di(methylamino)pyridine (“PN3P”). At −1.9 V vs. Fc/Fc+, these catalysts showed 96 % Faradaic efficiency with added water or saturated aqueous saline at rates of up to 316 L(mol cat)−1(cm2)−1 h−1 using a glassy carbon working electrode. The complex [Co(κ3‐2,6‐{Ph2PNMe}2(NC5H3)Br2] (1) was also able to photocatalytically reduce water to hydrogen in the presence of a Ru(bpy)32+ photosensitizer and a reductant.
Analysis of Gene‐Gene Interactions
Authors: Cole Brian S. , Hall Molly A. , Urbanowicz Ryan J. , Gilbert‐Diamond Diane , Moore Jason H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe goal of this unit is to introduce epistasis, or gene‐gene interactions, as a significant contributor to the genetic architecture of complex traits, including disease susceptibility. This unit begins with an historical overview of the concept of epistasis and the challenges inherent in the identification of potential gene‐gene interactions. Then, it reviews statistical and machine learning methods for discovering epistasis in the context of genetic studies of quantitative and categorical traits. This unit concludes with a discussion of meta‐analysis, replication, and other topics of active research. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Ovarian Tissue
Authors: Salas Sophia , Ng Nicholas , Gerami‐Naini Behzad , Anchan Raymond M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractYamanaka and colleagues revolutionized stem cell biology and regenerative medicine by observing that somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells. Evidence indicates that induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells retain epigenetic memories that bias their spontaneous differentiation into the originating somatic cell type, therefore epigenetic memory may be exploited to improve tissue specific regeneration. We recently showed that iPS cells reprogrammed from ovarian granulosa cells using mouse and human tissue overwhelmingly differentiate homotypically into ovarian steroidogenic and primordial germ cells. Herein we detail a protocol for the culture of human ovarian granulosa cells. We review approaches for reprogramming human ovarian granulosa cells into iPS cells. Standard methods to induce pluripotency are outlined, concentrating on integrative retroviruses. Additionally, alternative protocols for lentivirus and Sendai virus are provided. Each approach has inherent limitations, such as reprogramming efficiency, insertional mutagenesis, and partial reprogramming. Major advances continue to be made in somatic cell reprogramming to identify an optimal approach and utilization in cell‐based therapies. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Population Stratification in Genetic Association Studies
Authors: Hellwege Jacklyn N. , Keaton Jacob M. , Giri Ayush , Gao Xiaoyi , Velez Edwards Digna R. , Edwards Todd L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPopulation stratification (PS) is a primary consideration in studies of genetic determinants of human traits. Failure to control for PS may lead to confounding, causing a study to fail for lack of significant results, or resources to be wasted following false‐positive signals. Here, historical and current approaches for addressing PS when performing genetic association studies in human populations are reviewed. Methods for detecting the presence of PS, including global and local ancestry methods, are described. Also described are approaches for accounting for PS when calculating association statistics, such that measures of association are not confounded. Many traits are being examined for the first time in minority populations, which may inherently feature PS. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Impaired emotion processing and a reduction in trust in patients with somatic symptom disorder
Authors: Erkic Maja , Bailer Josef , Fenske Sabrina C. , Schmidt Stephanie N. L. , Trojan Jörg , Schröder Annette , Kirsch Peter , Mier Daniela 
Published: October 2017

There is accumulating evidence for deficits in the perception and regulation of one's own emotions, as well as the recognition of others' emotions in somatic symptom disorder (SSD). However, investigations of SSD focusing on specific aspects of emotion processing and how these might interact are missing. We included 35 patients with SSD and 35 healthy controls who completed questionnaires on the perception and regulation of their own emotions, as well as experimental investigations of emotion recognition and trust. In line with previous studies, our results show that SSD patients in comparison to healthy controls have difficulties in the identification and description of own feelings (ηp2 = .381 and ηp2 = .315). Furthermore, we found that patients apply less cognitive reappraisal (ηp2 = .185) but tend to use more expressive suppression (ηp2 = .047). In contrast to previous studies, we found SSD patients to perform superior in emotion recognition, in particular for anger (d = 0.40). In addition, patients with SSD invested less in a trust game (d = 0.73). These results point to a higher sensitivity for negative emotions and less trust in others. Further, these findings suggest a dissociation between the ability to recognize one's own emotions versus others' emotions in SSD. Future interventions targeting emotion processing in SSD might focus on the identification of one's own emotions, prior to the training of emotion regulation.
Detecting latitudinal and altitudinal expansion of invasive bamboo Phyllostachys edulis and Phyllostachys bambusoides (Poaceae) in Japan to project potential habitats under 1.5°C–4.0°C global warming
Authors: Takano Kohei Takenaka , Hibino Kenshi , Numata Ayaka , Oguro Michio , Aiba Masahiro , Shiogama Hideo , Takayabu Izuru , Nakashizuka Tohru 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRapid expansion of exotic bamboos has lowered species diversity in Japan's ecosystems by hampering native plant growth. The invasive potential of bamboo, facilitated by global warming, may also affect other countries with developing bamboo industries. We examined past (1975–1980) and recent (2012) distributions of major exotic bamboos (Phyllostachys edulis and P. bambusoides) in areas adjacent to 145 weather stations in central and northern Japan. Bamboo stands have been established at 17 sites along the latitudinal and altitudinal distributional limit during the last three decades. Ecological niche modeling indicated that temperature had a strong influence on bamboo distribution. Using mean annual temperature and sun radiation data, we reproduced bamboo distribution (accuracy = 0.93 and AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) = 0.92). These results infer that exotic bamboo distribution has shifted northward and upslope, in association with recent climate warming. Then, we simulated future climate data and projected the climate change impact on the potential habitat distribution of invasive bamboos under different temperature increases (i.e., 1.5°C, 2.0°C, 3.0°C, and 4.0°C) relative to the preindustrial period. Potential habitats in central and northern Japan were estimated to increase from 35% under the current climate (1980–2000) to 46%–48%, 51%–54%, 61%–67%, and 77%–83% under 1.5°C, 2.0°C, 3.0°C, and 4.0°C warming levels, respectively. These infer that the risk areas can increase by 1.3 times even under a 1.5°C scenario and expand by 2.3 times under a 4.0°C scenario. For sustainable ecosystem management, both mitigation and adaptation are necessary: bamboo planting must be carefully monitored in predicted potential habitats, which covers most of Japan.
Radiation of the polymorphic Little Devil poison frog (Oophaga sylvatica) in Ecuador
Authors: Roland Alexandre B. , Santos Juan C. , Carriker Bella C. , Caty Stephanie N. , Tapia Elicio E. , Coloma Luis A. , O'Connell Lauren A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSome South American poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) are chemically defended and use bright aposematic colors to warn potential predators of their unpalatability. Aposematic signals are often frequency‐dependent where individuals deviating from a local model are at a higher risk of predation. However, extreme diversity in the aposematic signal has been documented in poison frogs, especially in Oophaga. Here, we explore the phylogeographic pattern among color‐divergent populations of the Little Devil poison frog Oophaga sylvatica by analyzing population structure and genetic differentiation to evaluate which processes could account for color diversity within and among populations. With a combination of PCR amplicons (three mitochondrial and three nuclear markers) and genome‐wide markers from a double‐digested RAD (ddRAD) approach, we characterized the phylogenetic and genetic structure of 199 individuals from 13 populations (12 monomorphic and 1 polymorphic) across the O. sylvatica distribution. Individuals segregated into two main lineages by their northern or southern latitudinal distribution. A high level of genetic and phenotypic polymorphism within the northern lineage suggests ongoing gene flow. In contrast, low levels of genetic differentiation were detected among the southern lineage populations and support recent range expansions from populations in the northern lineage. We propose that a combination of climatic gradients and structured landscapes might be promoting gene flow and phylogenetic diversification. Alternatively, we cannot rule out that the observed phenotypic and genomic variations are the result of genetic drift on near or neutral alleles in a small number of genes.