bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enrichment of IL-17A+IFN-γ+ and IL-22+IFN-γ+ T cell subsets is associated with reduction of NKp44+ILC3s in the terminal ileum of Crohn's disease patients
Authors: Li J , Doty A L , Tang Y , Berrie D , Iqbal A , Tan S A , Clare-Salzler M J , Wallet S M , Glover S C 
Published: June 2017

SummaryCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the human gastrointestinal tract whose aetiology remains largely unknown. Dysregulated adaptive immune responses and defective innate immunity both contribute to this process. In this study, we demonstrated that the interleukin (IL)-17A+interferon (IFN)-γ+ and IL-22+IFN-γ+ T cell subsets accumulated specifically in the inflamed terminal ileum of CD patients. These cells had higher expression of Ki-67 and were active cytokine producers. In addition, their proportions within both the IL-17A-producer and IL-22-producer populations were increased significantly. These data suggest that IL-17A+IFN-γ+ and IL-22+IFN-γ+ T cell subsets might represent the pathogenic T helper type 17 (Th17) population in the context of intestinal inflammation for CD patients. In the innate immunity compartment we detected a dramatic alteration of both phenotype and function of the intestinal innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), that play an important role in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. In the inflamed gut the frequency of the NKp44–CD117–ILC1s subset was increased significantly, while the frequency of NKp44+ILC3s was reduced. Furthermore, the frequency of human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR)-expressing-NKp44+ILC3s was also reduced significantly. Interestingly, the decrease in the NKp44+ILC3s population was associated with an increase of pathogenic IL-17A+IFN-γ+ and IL-22+IFN-γ+ T cell subsets in the adaptive compartment. This might suggest a potential link between NKp44+ILC3s and the IL-17A+IFN-γ+ and IL-22+IFN-γ+ T cell subsets in the terminal ileum of CD patients.
A meta‐analysis of intraoperative neuromonitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy during thyroid reoperations
Authors: Sun Wei , Liu Jinhao , Zhang Hao , Zhang Ping , Wang Zhihong , Dong Wenwu , He Liang , Zhang Ting 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe rate of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy, a common complication of thyroid surgery, is especially high in thyroid reoperations. The present meta‐analysis assesses whether intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) reduces the prevalence of RLN palsy in thyroid reoperations.Design and methodsA systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, SCIE and Wan Fang databases for studies published up to 31 August 2016. All data were analysed using STATA (version 11) software. Publication bias was assessed using Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test, and sensitivity analysis was performed.ResultsNine studies including 2436 at‐risk nerves met the inclusion criteria. The results were presented as pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The overall RLN palsy rate was significantly lower in reoperations conducted with IONM than in those conducted without IONM (RR=0.434, 95% CI=0.206‐0.916, P=.029). High heterogeneity was found (I2=70.2%, P=.001). The rates of transient RLN palsy with and without IONM did not differ significantly (RR=0.607, 95% CI=0.270‐1.366, P=.227). The heterogeneity was high (I2=67.4%, P=.005). However, IONM was significantly associated with a reduction in permanent RLN palsy (RR=0.426, 95% CI=0.196‐0.925, P=.031). No significant heterogeneity was found (I2=13.7%, P=.325). Funnel plots for overall and transient RLN palsy showed a possible publication bias.ConclusionsIntraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is associated with a reduction in overall and permanent RLN palsy in thyroid reoperations. However, given the limited sample size and heterogeneity in this meta‐analysis, further studies are required to confirm our preliminary findings.
Spinal cord multi‐parametric magnetic resonance imaging for survival prediction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Querin G. , El Mendili M. M. , Lenglet T. , Delphine S. , Marchand‐Pauvert V. , Benali H. , Pradat P.‐F. 
Published: June 2017

Background and purposeAssessing survival is a critical issue in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neuroimaging seems to be promising in the assessment of disease severity and several studies also suggest a strong relationship between spinal cord (SC) atrophy described by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and disease progression. The aim of the study was to determine the predictive added value of multimodal SC MRI on survival.MethodsForty‐nine ALS patients were recruited and clinical data were collected. Patients were scored on the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale and manual muscle testing. They were followed longitudinally to assess survival. The cervical SC was imaged using the 3 T MRI system. Cord volume and cross‐sectional area (CSA) at each vertebral level were computed. Diffusion tensor imaging metrics were measured. Imaging metrics and clinical variables were used as inputs for a multivariate Cox regression survival model.ResultsOn building a multivariate Cox regression model with clinical and MRI parameters, fractional anisotropy, magnetization transfer ratio and CSA at C2–C3, C4–C5, C5–C6 and C6–C7 vertebral levels were significant. Moreover, the hazard ratio calculated for CSA at the C3–C4 and C5–C6 levels indicated an increased risk for patients with SC atrophy (respectively 0.66 and 0.68). In our cohort, MRI parameters seem to be more predictive than clinical variables, which had a hazard ratio very close to 1.ConclusionsIt is suggested that multimodal SC MRI could be a useful tool in survival prediction especially if used at the beginning of the disease and when combined with clinical variables. To validate it as a biomarker, confirmation of the results in bigger independent cohorts of patients is warranted.
Continental impacts of water development on waterbirds, contrasting two Australian river basins: Global implications for sustainable water use
Authors: Kingsford Richard T. , Bino Gilad , Porter John L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe world's freshwater biotas are declining in diversity, range and abundance, more than in other realms, with human appropriation of water. Despite considerable data on the distribution of dams and their hydrological effects on river systems, there are few expansive and long analyses of impacts on freshwater biota. We investigated trends in waterbird communities over 32 years, (1983–2014), at three spatial scales in two similarly sized large river basins, with contrasting levels of water resource development, representing almost a third (29%) of Australia: the Murray–Darling Basin and the Lake Eyre Basin. The Murray–Darling Basin is Australia's most developed river basin (240 dams storing 29,893 GL) while the Lake Eyre Basin is one of the less developed basins (1 dam storing 14 GL). We compared the long‐term responses of waterbird communities in the two river basins at river basin, catchment and major wetland scales. Waterbird abundances were strongly related to river flows and rainfall. For the developed Murray–Darling Basin, we identified significant long‐term declines in total abundances, functional response groups (e.g., piscivores) and individual species of waterbird (n = 50), associated with reductions in cumulative annual flow. These trends indicated ecosystem level changes. Contrastingly, we found no evidence of waterbird declines in the undeveloped Lake Eyre Basin. We also modelled the effects of the Australian Government buying up water rights and returning these to the riverine environment, at a substantial cost (>3.1 AUD billion) which were projected to partly (18% improvement) restore waterbird abundances, but projected climate change effects could reduce these benefits considerably to only a 1% or 4% improvement, with respective annual recovery of environmental flows of 2,800 GL or 3,200 GL. Our unique large temporal and spatial scale analyses demonstrated severe long‐term ecological impact of water resource development on prominent freshwater animals, with implications for global management of water resources.
The deep fascia and retinacula of the equine forelimb – structure and innervation
Authors: Skalec Aleksandra , Egerbacher Monika 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecent advances in human fascia research have shed new light on the role of the fascial network in movement perception and coordination, transmission of muscle force, and integrative function in body biomechanics. Evolutionary adaptations of equine musculoskeletal apparatus that assure effective terrestrial locomotion are employed in equestrianism, resulting in the wide variety of movements in performing horses, from sophisticated dressage to jumping and high‐speed racing. The high importance of horse motion efficiency in the present‐day equine industry indicates the significance of scientific knowledge of the structure and physiology of equine fasciae. In this study, we investigated the structure and innervation of the deep fascia of the equine forelimb by means of anatomical dissection, histology and immunohistochemistry. Macroscopically, the deep fascia appears as a dense, glossy and whitish lamina of connective tissue continuous with its fibrous reinforcements represented by extensor and flexor retinacula. According to the results of our histological examination, the general structure of the equine forelimb fascia corresponds to the characteristics of the human deep fasciae of the limbs. Although we did find specific features in all sample types, the general composition of all examined fascial tissues follows roughly the same scheme. It is composed of dense, closely packed collagen fibers organized in layers of thick fibrous bundles with sparse elastic fibers. This compact tissue is covered from both internal and external sides by loosely woven laminae of areolar connective tissue where elastic fibers are mixed with collagen. Numerous blood vessels running within the loose connective tissue contribute to the formation of regular vascular network throughout the compact layer of the deep fascia and retinacula. We found nerve fibers of different calibers in all samples analyzed. The fibers are numerous in the areolar connective tissue and near the blood vessels but scarce in the compact layers of collagen. We did not observe any Ruffini, Pacini or Golgi‐Mazzoni corpuscles. In conclusion, the multilayered composition of compact bundles of collagen, sparse elastic fibers in the deep fascia and continuous transition into retinacula probably facilitate resistance to gravitational forces and volume changes during muscle contraction as well as transmission of muscle force during movement. However, further research focused on innervation is needed to clarify whether the deep fascia of the equine forelimb plays a role in proprioception and movement coordination.
Pulmonary artery: A pivotal site for catheter ablation in idiopathic RVOT ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Wang Chunmiao , Zhang Yawen , Hong Fangde , Huang Ying 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn patients without associated myocardial diseases, characterized by left bundle branch block and inferior axis morphologies, repetitive idiopathic right ventricular tachycardias and ventricular premature contractions typically arise from right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Accumulated evidences have shown that radiofrequency catheter ablation is a useful treatment for patients with RVOT ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Interestingly, several medical centers have shown that pulmonary artery (PA) is a potential novel site for catheter ablation in RVOT‐like VAs, particularly in patients where termination of RVOT VAs at the usual site fails. In this review, we comprehensively demonstrated that RVOT VAs were successfully terminated at the site of PA, analyzed the characteristics of surface electrocardiogram and endocardial potentials, and explored the underlying mechanisms for these cases.
Extracting spatial patterns in bicycle routes from crowdsourced data
Authors: Sultan Jody , Ben‐Haim Gev , Haunert Jan‐Henrik , Dalyot Sagi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMuch is done nowadays to provide cyclists with safe and sustainable road infrastructure. Its development requires the investigation of road usage and interactions between traffic commuters. This article is focused on exploiting crowdsourced user‐generated data, namely GPS trajectories collected by cyclists and road network infrastructure generated by citizens, to extract and analyze spatial patterns and road‐type use of cyclists in urban environments. Since user‐generated data shows data‐deficiencies, we introduce tailored spatial data‐handling processes for which several algorithms are developed and implemented. These include data filtering and segmentation, map‐matching and spatial arrangement of GPS trajectories with the road network. A spatial analysis and a characterization of road‐type use are then carried out to investigate and identify specific spatial patterns of cycle routes. The proposed analysis was applied to the cities of Amsterdam (The Netherlands) and Osnabrück (Germany), proving its feasibility and reliability in mining road‐type use and extracting pattern information and preferences. This information can help users who wish to explore friendlier and more interesting cycle patterns, based on collective usage, as well as city planners and transportation experts wishing to pinpoint areas most in need of further development and planning.
Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide counteracts the effects of compound 48/80 in a canine skin organ culture model
Authors: Abramo Francesca , Lazzarini Giulia , Pirone Andrea , Lenzi Carla , Albertini Sonia , della Valle M. Frederica , Schievano Carlo , Vannozzi Iacopo , Miragliotta Vincenzo 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundUltramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA‐um) has been reported to reduce pruritus and skin lesions in dogs with moderate atopic dermatitis and pruritus.Hypothesis/ObjectivesA canine ex vivo skin model was used to investigate the ability of PEA‐um to counteract changes induced by compound 48/80, a well‐known secretagogue that causes mast cell degranulation.AnimalsNormal skin was obtained from three donor dogs subjected to surgery for reasons unrelated to the study.MethodsCultured skin biopsy samples in triplicate were treated with 10 and 100 μg/mL compound 48/80, without or with 30 μM PEA‐um. Mast cell (MC) degranulation, histamine release into the culture medium, local microvascular dilatation, epidermal thickness, keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal differentiation markers were evaluated.ResultsExposure of the skin organ culture to PEA‐um 24 h before and 72 h concomitantly to compound 48/80 resulted in a significant decrease of degranulating MCs. PEA‐um also reduced the histamine content in the culture medium by half, although the effect did not reach statistical significance. PEA‐um significantly counteracted vasodilation induced by 100 μg/mL compound 48/80. Finally, PEA‐um alone did not induce changes in epidermal thickness, differentiation markers, keratinocyte proliferation, MC density and/or degranulation.Conclusions and clinical importanceCollectively, these results support the protective action PEA‐um on the skin of dogs undergoing allergic changes.
Evaluation of a first‐flush capture and detention tank receiving runoff from an asphalt‐paved road
Authors: Cheng Jing , Yuan Qingke , Youngchul Kim 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this article, we propose and examine a first‐flush capture and detention tank (FCDT) working as a first flush capture device and pretreatment unit receiving stormwater runoff from an asphalt‐paved road. We design the FCDT to completely capture all the stormwater including a first flush generated by an initial 5 mm effective rainfall depth, and to bypass the exceeding part. According to our analysis based on the data from field monitoring and SWMM simulation for 27 events from April to June, 2015, the tank captured 35% of total runoff, which resulted in catching 74% of the TSS load. The TSS mass detention attained in this study by capturing the first 35% of the total runoff is close to the typical definition of a first flush, and also justifies the need for a first‐flush friendly treatment.
Impact of ageing on postsynaptic neuronal nicotinic neurotransmission in auditory thalamus
Authors: Sottile Sarah Y. , Ling Lynne , Cox Brandon C. , Caspary Donald M. 
Published: June 2017

Key points
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play a fundamental role in the attentional circuitry throughout the mammalian CNS.

In the present study, we report a novel finding that ageing negatively impacts nAChR efficacy in auditory thalamus, and this is probably the result of a loss of nAChR density (Bmax) and changes in the subunit composition of nAChRs.
Our data support the hypothesis that age‐related maladaptive changes involving nAChRs within thalamocortical circuits partially underpin the difficulty that elderly adults experience with respect to attending to speech and other salient acoustic signals.
AbstractThe flow of auditory information through the medial geniculate body (MGB) is regulated, in part, by cholinergic projections from the pontomesencephalic tegmentum. The functional significance of these projections is not fully established, although they have been strongly implicated in the allocation of auditory attention. Using in vitro slice recordings, we have analysed postsynaptic function and pharmacology of neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) in young adult and the aged rat MGB. We find that ACh produces significant excitatory postsynaptic actions on young MGB neurons, probably mediated by β2‐containing heteromeric nAChRs. Radioligand binding studies show a significant age‐related loss of heteromeric nAChR receptor number, which supports patch clamp data showing an age‐related loss in ACh efficacy in evoking postsynaptic responses. Use of the β2‐selective nAChR antagonist, dihydro‐β‐erythroidine, suggests that loss of cholinergic efficacy may also be the result of an age‐related subunit switch from high affinity β2‐containing nAChRs to low affinity β4‐containing nAChRs, in addition to the loss of total nAChR number. This age‐related nAChR dysfunction may partially underpin the attentional deficits that contribute to the loss of speech understanding in the elderly.
Rapid Identification of Different Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Clades
Authors: Matsumura Yasufumi , Pitout Johann D. D. , Peirano Gisele , DeVinney Rebekah , Noguchi Taro , Yamamoto Masaki , Gomi Ryota , Matsuda Tomonari , Nakano Satoshi , Nagao Miki , Tanaka Michio , Ichiyama Satoshi 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
sequence type 131 (ST131) is a pandemic clonal lineage that is responsible for the global increase in fluoroquinolone resistance and extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. The members of ST131 clade C, especially subclades C2 and C1-M27, are associated with ESBLs. We developed a multiplex conventional PCR assay with the ability to detect all ST131 clades (A, B, and C), as well as C subclades (C1-M27, C1-nM27 [C1-non-M27], and C2). To validate the assay, we used 80 ST131 global isolates that had been fully sequenced. We then used the assay to define the prevalence of each clade in two Japanese collections consisting of 460 ESBL-producing
E. coli
ST131 (2001-12) and 329
E. coli
isolates from extraintestinal sites (ExPEC) (2014). The assay correctly identified the different clades in all 80 global isolates: clades A (
n
= 12), B (
n
= 12), and C, including subclades C1-M27 (
n
= 16), C1-nM27 (
n
= 20), C2 (
n
= 17), and other C (
n
= 3). The assay also detected all 565 ST131 isolates in both collections without any false positives. Isolates from clades A (
n
= 54), B (
n
= 23), and C (
n
= 483) corresponded to the O serotypes and the
fimH
types of O16-H41, O25b-H22, and O25b-H30, respectively. Of the 483 clade C isolates, C1-M27 was the most common subclade (36%), followed by C1-nM27 (32%) and C2 (15%). The C1-M27 subclade with
bla
CTX-M-27
became especially prominent after 2009. Our novel multiplex PCR assay revealed the predominance of the C1-M27 subclade in recent Japanese ESBL-producing
E. coli
isolates and is a promising tool for epidemiological studies of ST131.
Menoctone Resistance in Malaria Parasites Is Conferred by M133I Mutations in Cytochrome
b
That Are Transmissible through Mosquitoes
Authors: Blake Lynn D. , Johnson Myles E. , Siegel Sasha V. , McQueen Adonis , Iyamu Iredia D. , Shaikh Abdul Kadar , Shultis Michael W. , Manetsch Roman , Kyle Dennis E. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Malaria-related mortality has slowly decreased over the past decade; however, eradication of malaria requires the development of new antimalarial chemotherapies that target liver stages of the parasite and combat the emergence of drug resistance. The diminishing arsenal of anti-liver-stage compounds sparked our interest in reviving the old and previously abandoned compound menoctone. In support of these studies, we developed a new convergent synthesis method that was facile, required fewer steps, produced better yields, and utilized less expensive reagents than the previously published method. Menoctone proved to be highly potent against liver stages of
Plasmodium berghei
(50 percent inhibitory concentration [IC
50
] = 0.41 nM) and erythrocytic stages of
Plasmodium falciparum
(113 nM). We selected for resistance to menoctone and found M133I mutations in cytochrome
b
of both
P. falciparum
and
P. berghei
. The same mutation has been observed previously in atovaquone resistance, and we confirmed cross-resistance between menoctone and atovaquone
in vitro
(for
P. falciparum
) and
in vivo
(for
P. berghei
). Finally, we assessed the transmission potential of menoctone-resistant
P. berghei
and found that the M133I mutant parasites were readily transmitted from mouse to mosquitoes and back to mice. In each step, the M133I mutation in cytochrome
b
, inducing menoctone resistance, was confirmed. In summary, this study is the first to show the mechanism of resistance to menoctone and that menoctone and atovaquone resistance is transmissible through mosquitoes.