bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration and patient‐centred care: how nurses, doctors, pharmacists and patients use communication strategies when managing medications in an acute hospital setting
Authors: Liu Wei , Gerdtz Marie , Manias Elizabeth 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesThis paper examines the communication strategies that nurses, doctors, pharmacists and patients use when managing medications.BackgroundPatient‐centred medication management is best accomplished through interdisciplinary practice. Effective communication about managing medications between clinicians and patients has a direct influence on patient outcomes. There is a lack of research that adopts a multidisciplinary approach and involves critical in‐depth analysis of medication interactions among nurses, doctors, pharmacists and patients.DesignA critical ethnographic approach with video reflexivity was adopted to capture communication strategies during medication activities in two general medical wards of an acute care hospital in Melbourne, Australia.MethodsA mixed ethnographic approach combining participant observations, field interviews, video recordings and video reflexive focus groups and interviews was employed. Seventy‐six nurses, 31 doctors, 1 pharmacist and 27 patients gave written consent to participate in the study. Data analysis was informed by Fairclough's critical discourse analytic framework.FindingsClinicians’ use of communication strategies was demonstrated in their interpersonal, authoritative and instructive talk with patients. Doctors adopted the language discourse of normalisation to standardise patients’ illness experiences. Nurses and pharmacists employed the language discourses of preparedness and scrutiny to ensure that patient safety was maintained. Patients took up the discourse of politeness to raise medication concerns and question treatment decisions made by doctors, in their attempts to challenge decision‐making about their health care treatment. In addition, the video method revealed clinicians’ extensive use of body language in communication processes for medication management.ConclusionsThe use of communication strategies by nurses, doctors, pharmacists and patients created opportunities for improved interdisciplinary collaboration and patient‐centred medication management in an acute hospital setting. Language discourses shaped and were shaped by complex power relations between patients and clinicians and among clinicians themselves.Relevance to clinical practiceClinicians need to be encouraged to have regular conversations to talk about and challenge each other's practices. More emphasis should be placed on ensuring that patients are given opportunities to voice their concerns about how their medications are managed.
Elective or Emergency Use of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Singh Vikas , Damluji Abdulla A. , Mendirichaga Rodrigo , Alfonso Carlos E. , Martinez Claudia A. , Williams Donald , Heldman Alan W. , de Marchena Eduardo J. , O'Neill William W. , Cohen Mauricio G. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveEvaluate the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices in high‐risk patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundThe use of MCS devices in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities undergoing TAVR is underexplored.MethodsAll patients undergoing TAVR at a single tertiary academic center who required MCS during index procedure between 2008 and 2015 were included in a prospective database.ResultsMCS was used in 9.4% (54/577) of all TAVRs (n = 52 Edwards Sapien and n = 2 CoreValves) of which 68.5% (n = 37) were used as part of a planned strategy, and 31.5% (n = 17) were used in emergency “bail‐out” situations. IABP was the most commonly used device (87%) followed by Impella and ECMO (6% each). Among the MCS group, 22% required cardiopulmonary resuscitation during the procedure (n = 4 elective [11%] vs. n = 8 emergent [47%]) and 15% upgrade to a second device (Impella or CPB after IABP; n = 5 elective [14%] vs. n = 3 emergent [18%]). Median duration of support was 1‐day. Device related complications were low (4%). In‐hospital mortality in this extremely high‐risk population was 24% (13/54) (11% [4/37] for elective cases and 53% [9/17] for emergency cases). Cardiogenic shock (50%) was the most common cause of in‐hospital death. Cumulative all‐cause 1‐year mortality was 35% (19/54) (19% 97/370 for elective and 71% [12/17] for emergency cases).ConclusionEmergent use of MCS during TAVR in extremely high‐risk population is associated with high short and long‐term mortality rates. Early identification of patients at risk for hemodynamic compromise may rationalize elective utilization of MCS during TAVR.
How Do Strategy and Leadership Styles Jointly Affect Co‐development and Its Innovation Outcomes?
Authors: Maria Stock Ruth , Zacharias Nicolas A. , Schnellbaecher Armin 
Published: August 2016

Co‐development with customers attracts considerable interest as a means to improve companies’ product innovativeness and performance. Forward‐thinking companies integrate co‐development within their business models, but many remain uncertain about which levers best foster its implementation. This study therefore takes a top‐down perspective on ways to stimulate co‐development with customers. Relying on boundary theory and its wider contextualization in relation to resource dependence theory, the authors argue that an innovation‐oriented strategy, combined with transformational and transactional leadership, represents senior management levers for driving general openness and providing strategic directions for innovation, which then helps bridge the boundary with customers and facilitate the co‐development of new products. Data from 135 managers and 415 subordinates reveal that some senior management levers can foster co‐development. Specifically, the results of the hierarchical regression analyses confirm the hypothesized positive interaction effect of innovation‐oriented strategy and transformational leadership, whereas the combination of innovation‐oriented strategy and transactional leadership is not beneficial. The strength of innovation‐oriented strategy as an important senior management lever differs for goods and services, which is not the case for the other two levers. Finally, this study provides a more fine‐grained perspective on the new product frequency outcomes of co‐development, by relying on organizational learning theory. Most research is restricted to linear relationships, but the current investigation unveils an inverted U‐shaped relationship between co‐development and companies’ new product frequency. Hence, companies can profit from co‐development at lower and medium levels, but the common notion of “the more, the better” does not apply to an unlimited degree for co‐development.Practitioner Points

Senior managers should implement an innovation‐oriented strategy to provide guidance regarding the company's innovation generation goals in co‐development projects.
Companies need to support organizational members with adequate freedom and flexibility in terms of co‐development projects, instead of focusing on fixed goals, expectations, or rewards.
If they offer services in particular, companies should initiate appropriate training and coaching for senior managers, to help them better motivate and lead organizational members with a transformational leadership style.
Co‐development can be fostered by senior managers from the top but also should be tracked, using management tools and key performance indicators, to recognize negative efficiency trends as early as possible.
Optimal Stocking Density with the Provision of Self‐feeders for Striped Knifejaw, Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck and Schlegel 1844)
Authors: Biswas Amal , Takii Kenji 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo determine the optimal stocking density, three densities of 5 (SD5), 10 (SD10), and 15 kg/m3 (SD15) were used to culture striped knifejaw, Oplegnathus fasciatus, for 10 wk. A total of 10, 20, or 30 juveniles with mean weights of approximately 96 g were stocked into one of nine 300‐L tanks (with an initial water volume of 200 L) and fed with commercial feed via self‐feeders. The fish were sampled at 4 and 8 wk, and the stocking density was maintained by adjusting the water volume of the tanks. The final body weights in SD10 and SD15 were 183.8 and 178.9 g, respectively, which were significantly higher than 161.7 g in SD5 (P< 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the SD10 and SD15 (P > 0.05). A similar trend was observed in the specific growth rate among the treatments. Feed efficiency and the lipid retention efficiency were both significantly higher in SD10 than that in SD5. The plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, and total protein were similar among the treatments. These results clearly suggest that densities of 10 and 15 kg/m3 can be used to improve the growth performance of striped knifejaw, O. fasciatus, when fed with a self‐feeder.
Effectiveness of a community‐based nutrition programme to improve child growth in rural Ethiopia: a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Kang Yunhee , Kim Sungtae , Sinamo Sisay , Christian Parul 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFew trials have shown that promoting complementary feeding among young children is effective in improving child linear growth in resource‐challenged settings. We designed a community‐based participatory nutrition promotion (CPNP) programme adapting a Positive Deviance/Hearth approach that engaged mothers in 2‐week nutrition sessions using the principles of ‘learning by doing’ around child feeding. We aimed to test the effectiveness of the CPNP for improving child growth in rural Ethiopia. A cluster randomized trial was implemented by adding the CPNP to the existing government nutrition programmes (six clusters) vs. government programmes only (six clusters). A total of 1790 children aged 6 to 12 months (876 in the intervention and 914 in the control areas) were enrolled and assessed on anthropometry every 3 months for a year. Multi‐level mixed‐effect regression analysis of longitudinal outcome data (n = 1475) examined the programme impact on growth, adjusting for clustering and enrollment characteristics. Compared with children 6 to 24 months of age in the control area, those in the intervention area had a greater increase in z scores for length‐for‐age [difference (diff): 0.021 z score/month, 95% CI: 0.008, 0.034] and weight‐for‐length (diff: 0.042 z score/month, 95% CI: 0.024, 0.059). At the end of the 12‐month follow‐up, children in the intervention area showed an 8.1% (P = 0.02) and 6.3% (P = 0.046) lower prevalence of stunting and underweight, respectively, after controlling for differences in the prevalence at enrollment, compared with the control group. A novel CPNP programme was effective in improving child growth and reducing undernutrition in this setting. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Reconciling the evolutionary origin of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: El Baidouri Moaine , Murat Florent , Veyssiere Maeva , Molinier Mélanie , Flores Raphael , Burlot Laura , Alaux Michael , Quesneville Hadi , Pont Caroline , Salse Jérôme 
Published: August 2016

Summary

The origin of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum; AABBDD) has been a subject of controversy and of intense debate in the scientific community over the last few decades. In 2015, three articles published in New Phytologist discussed the origin of hexaploid bread wheat (AABBDD) from the diploid progenitors Triticum urartu (AA), a relative of Aegilops speltoides (BB) and Triticum tauschii (DD).

Access to new genomic resources since 2013 has offered the opportunity to gain novel insights into the paleohistory of modern bread wheat, allowing characterization of its origin from its diploid progenitors at unprecedented resolution.

We propose a reconciled evolutionary scenario for the modern bread wheat genome based on the complementary investigation of transposable element and mutation dynamics between diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat.

In this scenario, the structural asymmetry observed between the A, B and D subgenomes in hexaploid bread wheat derives from the cumulative effect of diploid progenitor divergence, the hybrid origin of the D subgenome, and subgenome partitioning following the polyploidization events.
An introduction to physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models
Authors: Upton Richard N. , Foster David J.R. , Abuhelwa Ahmad Y. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryPhysiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models represent drug kinetics in one or more ‘real’ organs (and hence require submodels of organs/tissues) and they describe ‘whole‐body’ kinetics by joining together submodels with drug transport by blood flow as dictated by anatomy. They attempt to reproduce ‘measureable’ physiological and/or pharmacokinetic processes rather than more abstract rate constants and volumes. PBPK models may be built using a ‘bottom‐up’ approach, where parameters are chosen from first principles, literature, or in vitro data as opposed to a ‘top‐down’ approach, where all parameters are estimated from data. The basic principles of PBPK models are described, focusing on the equations for three individual organs: a single flow‐limited compartment describing distribution only, a membrane‐limited compartment describing distribution, and a single flow‐limited compartment with elimination. These organ models are linked to make a basic three‐compartment physiological model of the whole body. PBPK models are particularly suited to scaling kinetics across body size (e.g., adult to neonate) and species (e.g., animal to first‐in‐man) as physiology and pharmacology can be represented by independent parameters. Maturation models can be incorporated as for compartmental models. PBPK models are now available in commercial software packages, and are perhaps now more accessible than ever. Alternatively, even complex PBPK models can be represented in generic differential equation‐solving software using the simple principles described here. The relative ease of constructing the code for PBPK models belies the most difficult aspect of their implementation—collecting, collating, and justifying the data used to parameterize the model.
A comprehensive draft genome sequence for lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), an emerging health food: insights into plant–microbe interactions and legume evolution
Authors: Hane James K. , Ming Yao , Kamphuis Lars G. , Nelson Matthew N. , Garg Gagan , Atkins Craig A. , Bayer Philipp E. , Bravo Armando , Bringans Scott , Cannon Steven , Edwards David , Foley Rhonda , Gao Ling‐ling , Harrison Maria J. , Huang Wei , Hurgobin Bhavna , Li Sean , Liu Cheng‐Wu , McGrath Annette , Morahan Grant , Murray Jeremy , Weller James , Jian Jianbo , Singh Karam B. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryLupins are important grain legume crops that form a critical part of sustainable farming systems, reducing fertilizer use and providing disease breaks. It has a basal phylogenetic position relative to other crop and model legumes and a high speciation rate. Narrow‐leafed lupin (NLL; Lupinus angustifolius L.) is gaining popularity as a health food, which is high in protein and dietary fibre but low in starch and gluten‐free. We report the draft genome assembly (609 Mb) of NLL cultivar Tanjil, which has captured >98% of the gene content, sequences of additional lines and a dense genetic map. Lupins are unique among legumes and differ from most other land plants in that they do not form mycorrhizal associations. Remarkably, we find that NLL has lost all mycorrhiza‐specific genes, but has retained genes commonly required for mycorrhization and nodulation. In addition, the genome also provided candidate genes for key disease resistance and domestication traits. We also find evidence of a whole‐genome triplication at around 25 million years ago in the genistoid lineage leading to Lupinus. Our results will support detailed studies of legume evolution and accelerate lupin breeding programmes.
Effect of growth differentiation factor‐9 (GDF‐9) on the progression of buffalo follicles in vitrified–warmed ovarian tissues
Authors: Abdel‐Ghani MA , El‐sherry TM , Abdelhafeez HH 
Published: August 2016

ContentsTo improve the reproductive performance of water buffalo to level can satisfy our needs, the mechanisms controlling ovarian follicular growth and development should be thoroughly investigated. Therefore, in this study, the expressions of growth differentiation factor‐9 (GDF‐9) in buffalo ovaries were examined by immunohistochemistry, and the effects of GDF‐9 treatment on follicle progression were investigated using a buffalo ovary organ culture system. Frozen–thawed buffalo ovarian follicles within slices of ovarian cortical tissue were cultured for 14 days in the presence or absence of GDF‐9. After culture, ovarian slices were fixed, sectioned and stained. The follicles were morphologically analysed and counted. Expression pattern of GDF‐9 was detected in oocytes from primordial follicles onwards, besides, also presented in granulosa cells. Moreover, GDF‐9 was detected in mural granulosa cells and theca cells of pre‐antral follicles. In antral follicles, cumulus cells and theca cells displayed positive expression of GDF‐9. In corpora lutea, GDF‐9 was expressed in both granulosa and theca lutein cells. After in vitro culture, there was no difference in the number of primordial follicles between cultured plus GDF‐9 and cultured control that indicated the GDF‐9 treatment has no effect on the primordial to primary follicle transition. GDF‐9 treatment caused a significant decrease in the number of primary and secondary follicles compared with controls accompanied with a significant increase in pre‐antral and antral follicles. These results suggest that a larger number of primary and secondary follicles were stimulated to progress to later developmental stages when treated with GDF‐9. Vitrification/warming of buffalo ovarian tissue had a little remarkable effect, in contrast to culturing for 14 days, on the expression of GDF‐9. In conclusion, treatment with GDF‐9 was found to promote progression of primary follicle that could provide an alternative approach to stimulate early follicle development and to improve therapies for the most common infertility problem in buffaloes (ovarian inactivity).
Metabolic blood profile of beef heifers during oestrous and non‐oestrous states
Authors: Crane EM , Munro JC , Bourgon SL , Diel de Amorim M , Ventura R , Fredeen AH , Montanholi YR 
Published: August 2016

ContentsHaematological metabolic profiles in heifers could contribute to the development of proxies for oestrous detection and provide clues to further characterize biological changes during oestrus. One hundred and seven beef heifers were observed for oestrous behaviour twice daily for 124 days. Feed intake and productive performance (body weight and composition) traits were measured, and feed efficiency was determined using residual feed intake (kg DM/day). Blood plasma samples were collected when signs of oestrus were observed and every 30 ± 2 days. Heifers were considered in oestrus (n = 71) when plasma progesterone concentrations were <0.6 ng/ml. Least square means of blood metabolic parameters were compared between oestrous and non‐oestrous states and within oestrous groups according to performance traits and age. Heifers in oestrus exhibited higher concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), beta‐hydroxybutyric acid, creatine kinase (CK) and triiodothyronine (T3) than heifers in non‐oestrus. Heifers in oestrus revealed lower osmolality and concentrations of calcium, sodium and total protein than during non‐oestrus. Younger (and smaller) heifers had greater concentrations of CK, gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), glucose and sodium than the older heifers. Heifers with lower fatness had increased osmolality and concentrations of cholesterol, CK, phosphorus, sodium and reduced T3 levels. Feed efficient heifers had greater levels of AST, cholesterol and GGT than inefficient heifers. Blood plasma parameters may be complementary to oestrous detection upon further validation; effects of age, feed efficiency, body size and body composition should be considered to optimize this haematological assessment.
Citizen co‐production of cyber security: Self‐help, vigilantes, and cybercrime
Authors: Chang Lennon Y.C. , Zhong Lena Y. , Grabosky Peter N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGiven the limited resources and capabilities of states to maintain cyber security, a variety of co‐production efforts have been made by individuals or by collectives, of varying degrees of organization and coordination. This article identifies different forms of citizen co‐production of cyber security and notes the risk of unintended consequences. Safeguards and principles are proposed in order to facilitate constructive citizen/netizen co‐production of cyber security. Although co‐production of security can contribute to social control, only those activities within the bounds of the law should be encouraged. Activities of private citizens/netizens that test the limits of legality should be closely circumscribed.
Inhibition of IL‐13‐induced periostin in airway epithelium attenuates cellular protein expression of MUC5AC
Authors: Suzaki Isao , Kawano Shuichi , Komiya Kosaku , Tanabe Tsuyoshi , Akaba Tomohiro , Asano Kazuhito , Suzaki Harumi , Izuhara Kenji , Rubin Bruce K. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveSerum periostin is increased in asthma and serves as a surrogate marker for IL‐13 activity in the lung. Serum levels of periostin are the most robust biomarker predicting a favourable response to the anti‐IL‐13 drug, lebrikizumab. We investigated the mechanisms of IL‐13 stimulation of periostin, the polarized secretion of periostin and whether periostin would have a direct effect on mucin secretion by airway cells.MethodsNormal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were cultured at air–liquid interface (ALI) in the presence of IL‐13, and we evaluated the effect of the specific inhibitors, leflunomide (Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 6 (STAT6) inhibitor) or PD98059 (MEK/extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) inhibitor), on periostin production. We examined MUC5AC secretion from NHBE cells exposed to recombinant human (rh) periostin or IL‐13 in the presence and absence of OC‐20, a periostin‐neutralizing antibody.Results
IL‐13 induced periostin protein which was predominantly secreted towards the basal surface of the cells. Periostin production was much greater from goblet cells than ciliated cells (P < 0.001). Periostin production after exposure to IL‐13 was attenuated by both leflunomide (P < 0.001) and PD98059 (P < 0.001). The addition of exogenous periostin modestly increased MUC5AC secretion (P < 0.01), but did not visibly change cell morphology. IL‐13‐induced MUC5AC secretion was attenuated by OC‐20 (P < 0.01).ConclusionPeriostin production in differentiated airway cells is mediated by JAK/STAT6 and MEK/ERK pathways. Periostin secretion is much greater from immunologically active goblet cells. IL‐13‐driven mucin production is partially inhibited by OC‐20.