bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of tricalcium phosphate slurries against sedimentation for stereolithographic additive manufacturing and influence on the final mechanical properties
Authors: Pfaffinger Markus , Hartmann Malte , Schwentenwein Martin , Stampfl Jürgen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCeramic parts manufactured by lithography‐based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) excel in resolution and surface quality. The material for LCM is a photosensitive ceramic particle‐filled slurry which needs to have homogeneous properties over time and during each processing step. The goal of this study was to use “mechanical” stabilization for a tricalcium phosphate‐filled slurry done by increasing slurry viscosity, solids loading, or inducing thixotropic behavior. The modified slurries were compared with a nonstable reference slurry. While all methods lead to increased storage stability, only the stabilized slurry with 0.5 wt% fumed silica is stable during the printing process.
Telehealth: misconceptions and experiences of healthcare professionals in England
Authors: Kayyali Reem , Hesso Iman , Mahdi Alyaa , Hamzat Omowumi , Adu Albert , Nabhani Gebara Shereen 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to look at telehealth awareness and experiences among healthcare professionals (HCPs) from different disciplines, in addition to factors impeding its adoption in healthcare delivery.

Methods
Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 36 HCPs from different disciplines such as pharmacists, nurses and doctors in South London. A convenience sampling technique was used whereby HCPs working in local trusts, community pharmacies and general practitioners surgeries were approached for participation. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes using the NVIVO 10 software.

Key findings
The four main themes that emerged were awareness and understanding of telehealth, experiences and benefits of telehealth, barriers and facilitators of telehealth and misconceptions about telehealth. The study showed mixed response regarding telehealth awareness. Lack of telehealth experience was reported mainly among HCPs working in primary care. The barriers identified were cost and lack of funding and resources, whereas facilitators were raising awareness among staff and the public and investment in resources. Misconceptions identified were fear of losing face-to-face contact with patients and vital care information, patients' beliefs and confidence in using technology.

Conclusions
This study showed experience and awareness level to be still low especially among HCPs working in primary care. Barriers and misconceptions identified are still the same as those reported in the literature which highlights that they have not yet been addressed to facilitate telehealth implementation in the UK.
Does paternalistic leadership promote innovative behavior? The interaction between authoritarianism and benevolence
Authors: Tian Qing , Sanchez Juan I. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe theorize about the separate and interactive effects of the two primary elements of paternalistic leadership: authoritarianism and benevolence. Accordingly, we test a mediating mechanism through which these components of paternalistic leadership stimulate employee innovative and knowledge‐sharing behaviors. A multi‐source and multi‐level study involving 302 employee‐supervisor‐peer triads in 60 Chinese technology‐based organizations supported the association between the interaction of benevolent and authoritarian leadership and employee affective trust, innovative behavior, and knowledge sharing. Moreover, affective trust mediated the interaction of benevolence and authoritarianism on employee innovative behavior and knowledge sharing. We suggest that, the two constructs underlying paternalistic leadership might promote employee breakthrough behaviors across cultures. That is, their demanding and yet selfless stance turns authoritarian‐benevolent leaders into prototypes of the followers' aspirational social identity.
Pathogen's level and parasitism rate in Ips typographus at high population densities: importance of time
Authors: Holuša J. , Lukášová K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe compared the levels of pathogen infection in parental beetles, parasitism of the offspring, abundance of predators and breeding performance success of univoltine populations of Ips typographus in plots characterized by short‐term (2–3 years) outbreaks vs. those with long‐term (>10 years) outbreaks on two localities at ca. 1100 m altitude in the Šumava Mts. The numbers of I. typographus were high in all plots, whether the plots were characterized by long‐term outbreaks or short‐term outbreaks. The numbers of maternal galleries in the sample areas ranged from 300 to 400 per m2. The density of parental beetle galleries, abundance of surviving specimens of I. typographus, and length of maternal galleries did not differ between plots. The short‐term outbreaks had only fewer ectoparasitoids of I. typographus and a lower percentage of parasitism and infection level of Mattesia schwenkei than the long‐term outbreaks even though the maternal gallery densities and beetle production were the same. The most mortality appeared to be caused by intraspecific larval competition, and the identical reproductive success in plots with short‐term and long‐term outbreaks indicates that the negative feedback resulting from parasitoids and entomopathogens does not substantially reduce beetle numbers. Although entomopathogenic fungi as Beauveria bassiana occur naturally in the galleries of spruce bark beetles, there was no evidence of its presence in the studied population. The low levels of predation and/or parasitism in both kinds of plots indicate that natural enemies did not play a significant role in reducing outbreak numbers of I. typographus.
Olfactory host‐finding behaviour of Oulema melanopus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its parasitoid, Tetrastichus julis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: Kher S. V. , Cárcamo H. A. , Evenden M. L. , Dosdall L. M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBehavioural responses to the host‐associated olfactory cues have not been completely understood for the cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus, and its principal parasitoid, Tetrastichus julis. We, therefore, investigated the role of olfactory cues in the host‐finding behaviour of these species using olfactory bioassays. Behavioural responses of O. melanopus to odours emanating from intact host plants (wheat, oat, barley) vs. a clean‐air control were tested using multichoice and two‐choice bioassays. For T. julis, responses of naïve and experienced adult female wasps to odours associated with the faecal coat of O. melanopus larvae were measured under multichoice and two‐choice conditions. Our results indicate that olfactory cues are involved in the host‐finding behaviour of both O. melanopus and T. julis. Olfactory responses of O. melanopus were influenced by the sex of the beetle and the physiological stage of adults (reproductively active vs. in reproductive diapause). Females respond to olfactory cues in greater proportions than males, and reproductively active, overwintered adults show greater responsiveness than teneral adults in reproductive diapause. Behavioural responses to cues emanating from different crop species were different in multichoice bioassays but not in two‐choice bioassays. Further, we report for the first time that the olfactory cues associated with the faecal coat of O. melanopus evoke host‐finding behaviour of its parasitoid, T. julis. Naïve female wasps are more likely to use these cues to locate the potential host than experienced females. The results of this investigation provide insights into host finding by both the species and the nature of behavioural response brought about by olfactory stimuli, and the results can help to design strategies to improve parasitoid activity by enhancing the crop environment to generate cues for host finding and to manage O. melanopus populations.
Ca. Branchiomonas cysticola, Ca. Piscichlamydia salmonis and Salmon Gill Pox Virus transmit horizontally in Atlantic salmon held in fresh water
Authors: Wiik‐Nielsen J , Gjessing M , Solheim H T , Litlabø A , Gjevre A‐G , Kristoffersen A B , Powell M D , Colquhoun D J 
Published: March 2017

AbstractElucidation of the role of infectious agents putatively involved in gill disease is commonly hampered by the lack of culture systems for these organisms. In this study, a farmed population of Atlantic salmon pre‐smolts, displaying proliferative gill disease with associated Candidatus Branchiomonas cysticola, Ca. Piscichlamydia salmonis and Atlantic salmon gill pox virus (SGPV) infections, was identified. A subpopulation of the diseased fish was used as a source of waterborne infection towards a population of naïve Atlantic salmon pre‐smolts. Ca. B. cysticola infection became established in exposed naïve fish at high prevalence within the first month of exposure and the bacterial load increased over the study period. Ca. P. salmonis and SGPV infections were identified only at low prevalence in exposed fish during the trial. Although clinically healthy, at termination of the trial the exposed, naïve fish displayed histologically visible pathological changes typified by epithelial hyperplasia and subepithelial inflammation with associated bacterial inclusions, confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization to contain Ca. B. cysticola. The results strongly suggest that Ca. B. cysticola infections transmit directly from fish to fish and that the bacterium is directly associated with the pathological changes observed in the exposed, previously naïve fish.
Solar drying process to obtain high standard “deglet‐nour” date fruit
Authors: Mennouche Djamel , Boubekri Abdelghani , Chouicha Samira , Bouchekima Bachir , Bouguettaia Hamza 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe present work aims to improve the quality of Algerian Deglet‐Nour dates using an indirect solar drying technique preceded by hot water pretreatment. The final product quality was evaluated by three simultaneous testing parameters: microbiological degradation, sugar composition and color change. Convective solar drying experiments were firstly performed with a variable mode at an average temperature ranging between 39‐55°C. Four other experiments were conducted in constant mode under regulated temperatures (50°C, 55°C, 60°C and 65°C). The results of drying tests, led towards the choice of the treatment under controlled air temperature of 50°C with air flow of 1.2m/s. Resulting drying time of 8 hours presents the advantage of to discard the night conservation problems by ensuring a continuous drying process. Owing to its low cost and green energy use, this study could offer a practical alternative to the conventional means currently used in industrial applications of postharvest heat treatments of dates.Practical applicationsDrying of naturally high humid dates and the rehydrated dry dates by direct exposure to the sun, is an old method for valorization the “Deglet‐Nour” dates. Considerable losses occur during this drying process so the food quality can be seriously degraded. For an industrial application with improvement the quality of dried product, the natural sun drying should be replaced by the indirect solar drying means. This article aims to improve the quality of Deglet‐Nour dates using an indirect solar drying technique preceded by adequate water steeping pretreatment. The results of the study will be useful in the sense of ensuring an added value by enhancing the product quality and avoid eventual problems induced by night storing of treated products. The obtained results also could offer a practical alternative to the conventional means currently used in industrial applications for post‐harvest heat treatment of Deglet‐Nour dates.
Optimization of blanching and frying conditions of deep‐fat fried bonga fish (Ethmalosa fimbriata)
Authors: Sobowale Sunday Samuel , Adebiyi Janet Adeyinka , Adebo Oluwafemi Ayodeji 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe effect of processing variables [blanching conditions (time and temperature) and frying temperature] of bonga fish (Ethmalosa fimbriata) on different responses were investigated, using response surface methodology to establish the optimum processing conditions. Six responses were evaluated and they include moisture content, oil content, breaking force, lightness, redness and yellowness. Sensory qualities of the samples were also determined. Using numerical optimization, the optimal conditions for the processing of fried bonga fish was estimated as 60 °C (blanching temperature), 1 min (blanching time), and frying temperature of 150 °C. Results from sensory evaluation also suggests that samples obtained at this condition were better in terms of taste, aroma, color and general acceptability to consumers. Observations from this study indicate the efficiency of the regression equations for predicting parameters for fried bonga fish. The blanching pretreatment also reduced oil uptake and positively influenced the characteristics of fried bonga fish.Practical applicationsSuch knowledge of the optimization of these conditions will further benefit processors of fish and other similar products. The optimized conditions could also be applied to successfully obtain fish of good quality, which can be further commercialized.
Resistance ofStaphylococcus aureuson food contact surfaces with different surface characteristics to chemical sanitizers
Authors: Kim Choon Young , Ryu Geum Joo , Park Hye Young , Ryu Kyung 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOne of the factors contributing to foodborne illnesses is improper cleaning and sanitization of food contact surfaces. This study aimed to investigate the influence of various factors onStaphylococcus aureusattachment and biofilm formation on food contact materials and to determine sanitizing efficacy. The factors examined were contact materials (stainless steel, SUS; glass, GL; polypropylene, PP; and polyethylene, PE), surface conditions (smooth vs. scratched and with vs. without biofilms), and chemical sanitizers (70% ethanol and 200 ppm chlorine). Sanitization more efficiently loweredS. aureuscounts on SUS and GL than on PP and PE. Sanitization efficacy of ethanol was better than that of chlorine. Surfaces with scratches and biofilms were the most resistant to sanitization methods. The use of low‐adherent materials in food facilities, the selection of effective sanitizing methods, and the application of proper cleaning and disinfection procedures for food contact surfaces are essential for ensuring food safety.Practical applicationsControl ofS. aureuson food contact surface is important to reduce cross‐contamination in the foodservice industry. Hydrophobic and rough food contact surfaces promoteS. aureusadherence and biofilm formation. Ethanol can be an effective chemical sanitizer againstS. aureusbiofilm, regardless of the material or roughness of the food contact surfaces. The use of hydrophilic materials, frequent replacement of equipment, and selection of proper sanitizing methods are recommended to prevent foodborne illnesses.
Variations in bone density across the body of the immature human mandible
Authors: Hutchinson Erin F. , Farella Mauro , Hoffman Jakobus , Kramer Beverley 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDuring growth the mandible accommodates increases in biomechanical loading resulting from changes in the function of structures of the oral cavity. Biomechanical loads are thought to play an intricate and vital role in the modelling and remodelling of bone, with site‐specific effects on bone mineral density. It is anticipated that the effects of this loading on bone mineral density are intensified during the functional transition from prenatal to postnatal stages. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate changes in bone mineral density across the body of the immature human mandible during the early stages of dental development. The study sample included 45 human mandibles, subdivided into three age groups: prenatal (30 gestational weeks to birth; n = 15); early postnatal (birth to 12 months; n = 18); and late postnatal (1–5 years; n = 12). Mandibles were scanned using X‐ray micro‐computed tomography. Eight landmarks were selected along the buccal/labial and lingual surfaces of each dental crypt for evaluation of the bone mineral density. Bone mineral density values were calculated using a reference standard and analysed using multivariate statistics. The bone mineral density of the lingual surface was found to be significantly higher (P ≤ 0.000) than that of the buccal/labial surface. Furthermore, bone mineral density in the alveolar region of the buccal/labial surface of the deciduous central incisor (P ≤ 0.001), the deciduous first molar (P ≤ 0.013) and lingual alveolar area of the deciduous second molar (P ≤ 0.032) were significantly greater in the early postnatal period than in the prenatal period. While changes in bone mineral density across the lingual surface were consistent with the progression of development and the biomechanical demand of the tongue as previously demonstrated, changes observed across the buccal/labial surface of the mandible appeared to accompany the advancing dental development. Thus, changes in bone mineral density across the mandible appear to be reflective of the stage of dental development and the level of biomechanical loading.
Sexuality and HIV Education in Charter Schools: An Exploratory Study With Principals in San Diego County, California
Authors: Walsh‐Buhi Eric R. , Dao Brandon , Salgin Linda , Marshall James , Miller Rachel , Fisher Doug , Walsh‐Buhi Margaret 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchools can address critical sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues among youth. However, little is known about SRH education being implemented in charter schools. Thus, our purpose was to explore implementation of SRH education in charter schools.METHODSUsing purposive sampling, semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 20 charter school principals in San Diego County, California. Questions were guided by the Kaiser Family Foundation National Survey of Public Secondary School Principals. Analyses followed a case‐oriented approach, examining aspects within each case (ie, a principal), and then a comparative analysis of a small number of cases (ie, all principals).RESULTSOverall, 17 principals acknowledged offering sexuality education in the previous 2 years. Over half of these schools had provided content on: sexually transmitted diseases/human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (STDs/HIV/AIDS), reproduction/pregnancy/birth, pregnancy prevention methods, delaying sex, and managing sexual pressure. Condom use, sexual assault, sexual orientation, talking with partners about STD/pregnancy prevention, talking with parents about relationships/sex, and using/where to get contraception were less commonly taught. Abortion was not addressed. When asked the grade they would assign to their schools' sexuality/HIV instruction, principals assigned 1 A, 7 Bs, 7 Cs, and 1 D.CONCLUSIONSConsistency between our findings and what has been reported elsewhere varies. As charter schools often have greater curricular flexibility than traditional schools, this study provides unique preliminary data to inform future innovative, or strengthen existing, SRH programming.
Aggressive and Violent Behavior and Emotional Self‐Efficacy: Is There a Relationship for Adolescents?
Authors: Valois Robert F. , Zullig Keith J. , Revels Asa A. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn this cross‐sectional study we explored relationships between aggressive and violent behaviors and emotional self‐efficacy (ESE) in a statewide sample of public high school adolescents in South Carolina (N = 3836).METHODSThe US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Survey items on aggressive and violent behavior items and an adolescent ESE scale were used. Logistic regression analyses and multivariate models constructed separately, revealed significant race by sex findings.RESULTSResults suggest that carrying a weapon to school (past 30 days) and being threatened or injured with a gun, knife, or club at school (past 12 months) were significantly associated (p < .05) with reduced ESE for specific race/sex groups.CONCLUSIONSResults have implications for school‐ and community‐based mental health services and social and emotional learning and aggression/violence prevention programs for adolescents. Measures of ESE as a component of comprehensive assessments of adolescent mental health, social and emotional learning and aggressive/violent behaviors in fieldwork, research, and program‐evaluation efforts should be considered.
Quantification of Urine Elimination Behaviors in Cats with a Video Recording System
Authors: R. Dulaney D. , Hopfensperger M. , Malinowski R. , Hauptman J. , Kruger J.M. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundUrinary disorders in cats often require subjective caregiver quantification of clinical signs to establish a diagnosis and monitor therapeutic outcomes.ObjectiveTo investigate use of a video recording system (VRS) to better assess and quantify urination behaviors in cats.AnimalsEleven healthy cats and 8 cats with disorders potentially associated with abnormal urination patterns.MethodsProspective study design. Litter box urination behaviors were quantified with a VRS for 14 days and compared to daily caregiver observations. Video recordings were analyzed by a behavior analysis software program.ResultsThe mean number of urinations per day detected by VRS (2.5 ± 0.7) was significantly higher compared with caregiver observations (0.6 ± 0.6;P< .0001). Five cats were never observed in the litter box by their caregivers. The mean number of urinations per day detected by VRS was significantly higher for abnormal cats (2.9 ± 0.7) compared with healthy cats (2.1 ± 0.7;P= .02); there were no apparent differences in frequency between these groups reported by caregivers (0.7 ± 1.0 and 0.5 ± 1.0, respectively). There were no differences in mean urination time between healthy and abnormal cats as determined by VRS or caregivers. Mean cover‐up time determined by VRS was significantly longer in healthy cats (22.7 ± 12.9 seconds/urination) compared with abnormal cats (8.7 ± 12.9 seconds/urination;P= .03); differences in cover‐up time were not detected by caregivers.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCaregivers commonly underestimate urination frequency in cats when compared to video‐based observations. Video recording appears to facilitate objective assessment of urination behaviors and could be of value in future clinical studies of urinary disorders in cats.
Linkages and Trust in the Value Chain for Small‐scale Aquaculture in Asia
Authors: Pomeroy Robert , Navy Hap , Ferrer Alice Joan , Purnomo Agus H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe small‐scale aquaculture (SSA) sector is recognized as making an important contribution to food security, poverty alleviation, and socioeconomic development. A value chain analysis can uncover insights into the linkages and trust within a value chain and constraints and challenges that face the sector. This paper examines the linkages and trust between SSA producers and traders in Asia in order to better understand the constraints and opportunities faced by small‐scale producers. The perspective revealed by the value chain analysis provides response strategies that can enhance the sustainability and competitiveness of the entire value chain and the actors that comprise it.