bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalyzed Radical Termination in the Presence of Tellanyl Radicals
Authors: Ribelli Thomas G. , Rahaman S. M. Wahidur , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Poli Rinaldo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe decomposition of the diazo initiator dimethyl 2,2′‐azobis(isobutyrate) (V‐601), generating the Me2C.(CO2Me) radical, affords essentially the same fraction of disproportionation and combination in media with a large range of viscosity (C6D6, [D6]DMSO, and PEG 200) in the 25–100 °C range. This is in stark contrast to recent results by Yamago et al. on the same radical generated from Me2C(TeMe)(CO2Me) and on other X‐TeR systems (X=polymer chain or unimer model; R=Me, Ph). The discrepancy is rationalized on the basis of an unprecedented RTe.‐catalyzed radical disproportionation, with support from DFT calculations and photochemicaL V‐601 decomposition in the presence of Te2Ph2.
Comparison of recommendations for screening mammography using CISNET models
Authors: Arleo Elizabeth Kagan , Hendrick R. Edward , Helvie Mark A. , Sickles Edward A. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDCurrently, there are several different recommendations for screening mammography from major national health care organizations, including: 1) annual screening at ages 40 to 84 years; 2) screening annually at ages 45 to 54 years, then biennially at ages 55 to 79 years; and 3) biennial screening at ages 50 to 74 years.METHODSMean values of six Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) models were used to compare these three screening mammography recommendations in terms of benefits and risks.RESULTSMean mortality reduction was greatest with the recommendation of annual screening at ages 40 to 84 years (39.6%), compared with the hybrid recommendation of screening annually at ages 45 to 54 years, then biennially at ages 55 to 79 years (30.8%), and the recommendation of biennial screening at ages 50 to 74 years (23.2%). For a single‐year cohort of US women aged 40 years, assuming 100% compliance, more breast cancers deaths would be averted over their lifetime with annual screening starting at age 40 (29,369) than with the hybrid recommendation (22,829) or biennial screening ages 50‐74 (17,153 based on 2009 CISNET estimates, 15,599 based on 2016 CISNET estimates). To achieve the greatest mortality benefit, this single‐year cohort of women would have the greatest total number of screening mammograms, benign recalls, and benign biopsies performed over the course of screening by following annual screening starting at age 40 years (90.2 million, 6.8 million, and 481,269, respectively) than by following the hybrid recommendation (49.0 million, 4.1 million, and 286,288, respectively) or biennial screening at ages 50 to 74 years (27.3 million, 2.3 million, and 162,885, respectively).CONCLUSIONCISNET models demonstrate that the greatest mortality reduction is achieved with annual screening of women starting at age 40 years. Cancer 2017;123:3673–3680. © 2017 American Cancer Society
Performance of ovarian cyst fluid fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Zhou Amy G. , Levinson Kimberly L. , Rosenthal Dorothy L. , VandenBussche Christopher J. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDAlthough ovarian fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is not commonly used as a primary modality of diagnosis for patients with ovarian lesions, many ovarian cysts are aspirated intraoperatively and occasionally for diagnostic purposes. Therefore, the ability to interpret these specimens remains critical. Previous studies have suggested a high specificity but low sensitivity as a limitation. The objective of the current study was to further explore the use and performance of ovarian cyst FNA for diagnosing malignancy at the study institution.METHODSThe electronic database was searched from 1998 through 2016 for ovarian cyst fluid cytology specimens; any concurrent or follow‐up surgical pathology; and clinical information including patient age, radiology findings, and procedure type. Test performance was calculated using the surgical pathology diagnosis as the gold standard.RESULTSA total of 459 ovarian cyst FNA specimens had the following diagnoses: 416 (90.6%) were diagnosed as benign, 32 (7.0%) as atypical, 4 (0.9%) as suspicious, and 7 (1.5%) as malignant. Overall, 300 specimens (65.4%) had a corresponding surgical pathology specimen. On follow‐up, the rate of malignancy (including borderline neoplasms) for benign FNA was 10 of 264 specimens (3.8%), that for atypical FNA was 0 of 24 specimens (0%), that for suspicious FNA was 5 of 5 specimens (100%), and that for malignant FNA was 7 of 7 specimens (100%). Test sensitivity was 54.0% and test specificity was 100%. The positive predictive value was 1.00 and the negative predictive value was 0.97, with a disease (malignancy) prevalence of 7.33%.CONCLUSIONSOvarian cyst fluid cytology is highly specific and moderately sensitive for the detection of ovarian malignancies. A negative FNA is reassuring for patients with a low pretest probability of malignancy. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:112‐21. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Multicolor flow cytometric analysis of TLR2 and TLR9 expression and function in NK cells from patients with ANCA‐associated vasculitis
Authors: Scrivo Rossana , Peruzzi Giovanna , Gattamelata Angelica , Gross Catharina C. , Carletti Raffaella , Di Gioia Cira , Brandt Jessica , Priori Roberta , Morrone Stefania , Santoni Angela , Valesini Guido 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe primary objective of this study was to provide an assessment of NK cells in patients with ANCA‐associated vasculitis (AAV).MethodsPatients were classified based on the presence or absence of ANCAs and compared with healthy controls (HCs). By multiparameter flow cytometry, we evaluated the number and proportion of NK cells (CD3‐CD56+) and the CD56dim, CD56bright, CD56dimCD57bright subsets; TLR2 and TLR9 expression; intracellular IFN‐γ production upon stimulation with TLR2 and TLR9 ligands; degranulation activity; serum cytokines; immunohistochemical staining of available biopsies.ResultsNo differences in the number and proportion of NK cells between patients and HC were observed, except for a lower proportion of CD56dim subset in ANCA‐negative patients than in HC (P = 0.02). With respect to HC, TLR2 expression levels were reduced in NK cells from ANCA‐negative patients (P = 0.03), in the CD56dim subset of ANCA‐positive (P = 0.02) and ANCA‐negative patients (P = 0.01), in the CD56bright subset of ANCA‐positive patients (P = 0.007), and in the CD56dimCD57bright subset of ANCA‐positive (P = 0.04) and ANCA‐negative patients (P = 0.03). No differences between patients and HC were found concerning IFN‐γ production and degranulation activity. IL‐22 levels were lower in ANCA‐positive patients than in HC (P = 0.01). The immunohistochemical analysis showed sporadic CD56+ cells in one renal biopsy, and a diffuse and moderate infiltrate of IL‐22+ cells in all renal biopsies and in skin tissue.ConclusionsOur data suggest a role of infectious stimuli triggering NK cells in AAV pathogenesis. Poor detection of NK cells in affected tissues suggests a marginal involvement in local inflammatory responses. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Prenatal programming of postnatal plasticity for externalizing behavior: Testing an integrated developmental model of genetic and temperamental sensitivity to the environment
Authors: Tung Irene , Morgan Julia E. , Noroña Amanda N. , Lee Steve S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlthough both gene‐ and temperament‐environment interactions contribute to the development of youth externalizing problems, it is unclear how these factors jointly affect environmental sensitivity over time. In a 7‐year longitudinal study of 232 children (aged 5–10) with and without ADHD, we employed moderated mediation to test a developmentally sensitive mechanistic model of genetic and temperamental sensitivity to prenatal and postnatal environmental factors. Birth weight, a global measure of the prenatal environment, moderated predictions of child negative emotionality from a composite of dopaminergic polymorphisms (i.e., DRD4 and DAT1), such that birth weight inversely predicted negative emotionality only for children with genetic plasticity. Negative emotionality, in turn, predicted externalizing behavior 4–5 years later, beyond genetic and postnatal parenting effects. Finally, birth weight moderated the indirect effect of dopaminergic genotypes on externalizing problems through negative emotionality, partially supporting a prenatal programming model. We discuss theoretical and empirical implications for models of environmental sensitivity.
The intersensory redundancy hypothesis: Extending the principle of unimodal facilitation to prenatal development
Authors: Lickliter Robert , Bahrick Lorraine E. , Vaillant‐Mekras Jimena 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSelective attention to different properties of stimulation provides the foundation for perception, learning, and memory. The Intersensory Redundancy Hypothesis (IRH) proposes that early in development information presented redundantly across two or more modalities (multimodal) selectively recruits attention to and enhances perceptual learning of amodal properties, whereas information presented to a single sense modality (unimodal) enhances perceptual learning of modality‐specific properties. The present study is the first to assess this principle of unimodal facilitation in non‐human animals in prenatal development. We assessed bobwhite quail embryos’ prenatal detection of pitch, a modality‐specific property, under conditions of unimodal and bimodal (synchronous or asynchronous) exposure. Chicks exposed to prenatal unimodal auditory stimulation or asynchronous bimodal (audiovisual) stimulation preferred the familiarized maternal call over a novel pitch‐modified maternal call following hatching, whereas chicks exposed to redundant (synchronous) audiovisual stimulation failed to prefer the familiar call over the pitch‐modified call. These results provide further evidence that selective attention is recruited to specific stimulus properties of events in early development and that these biases are evident even during the prenatal period.
Fit to predict? Eco‐informatics for predicting the catchability of a pelagic fish in near real time
Authors: Scales Kylie L. , Hazen Elliott L. , Maxwell Sara M. , Dewar Heidi , Kohin Suzanne , Jacox Michael G. , Edwards Christopher A. , Briscoe Dana K. , Crowder Larry B. , Lewison Rebecca L. , Bograd Steven J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe ocean is a dynamic environment inhabited by a diverse array of highly migratory species, many of which are under direct exploitation in targeted fisheries. The timescales of variability in the marine realm coupled with the extreme mobility of ocean‐wandering species such as tuna and billfish complicates fisheries management. Developing eco‐informatics solutions that allow for near real‐time prediction of the distributions of highly mobile marine species is an important step towards the maturation of dynamic ocean management and ecological forecasting. Using 25 yr (1990–2014) ofNOAAfisheries’ observer data from the California drift gillnet fishery, we model relative probability of occurrence (presence–absence) and catchability (total catch per gillnet set) of broadbill swordfishXiphias gladiusin the California Current System. Using freely available environmental data sets and open source software, we explore the physical drivers of regional swordfish distribution. Comparing models built upon remotely sensed data sets with those built upon a data‐assimilative configuration of the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS), we explore trade‐offs in model construction, and address how physical data can affect predictive performance and operational capacity. Swordfish catchability was found to be highest in deeper waters (>1,500 m) with surface temperatures in the 14–20°C range, isothermal layer depth (ILD) of 20–40 m, positive sea surface height (SSH) anomalies, and during the new moon (<20% lunar illumination). We observed a greater influence of mesoscale variability (SSH, wind speed, isothermal layer depth, eddy kinetic energy) in driving swordfish catchability (total catch) than was evident in predicting the relative probability of presence (presence–absence), confirming the utility of generating spatiotemporally dynamic predictions. Data‐assimilativeROMScircumvent the limitations of satellite remote sensing in providing physical data fields for species distribution models (e.g., cloud cover, variable resolution, subsurface data), and facilitate broad‐scale prediction of dynamic species distributions in near real time.
Demographic drivers of functional composition dynamics
Authors: Muscarella Robert , Lohbeck Madelon , Martínez‐Ramos Miguel , Poorter Lourens , Rodríguez‐Velázquez Jorge Enrique , van Breugel Michiel , Bongers Frans 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMechanisms of community assembly and ecosystem function are often analyzed using community‐weighted mean trait values (CWMs). We present a novel conceptual framework to quantify the contribution of demographic processes (i.e., growth, recruitment, and mortality) to temporal changes in CWMs. We used this framework to analyze mechanisms of secondary succession in wet tropical forests in Mexico. Seed size increased over time, reflecting a trade‐off between colonization by small seeds early in succession, to establishment by large seeds later in succession. Specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf phosphorus content decreased over time, reflecting a trade‐off between fast growth early in succession vs. high survival late in succession. On average, CWM shifts were driven mainly (70%) by growth of surviving trees that comprise the bulk of standing biomass, then mortality (25%), and weakly by recruitment (5%). Trait shifts of growing and recruiting trees mirrored the CWM trait shifts, and traits of dying trees did not change during succession, indicating that these traits are important for recruitment and growth, but not for mortality, during the first 30 yr of succession. Identifying the demographic drivers of functional composition change links population dynamics to community change, and enhances insights into mechanisms of succession.
Patterns of protective associations differ for antibodies to P. falciparum‐infected erythrocytes and merozoites in immunity against malaria in children
Authors: Chan Jo‐Anne , Stanisic Danielle I , Duffy Michael F , Robinson Leanne J , Lin Enmoore , Kazura James W , King Christopher L , Siba Peter M , Fowkes Freya JI , Mueller Ivo , Beeson James G 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAcquired antibodies play an important role in immunity to P. falciparum malaria and are typically directed towards surface antigens expressed by merozoites and infected erythrocytes (IEs). The importance of specific IE surface antigens as immune targets remains unclear. We evaluated antibodies and protective associations in two cohorts of children in Papua New Guinea. We used genetically‐modified P. falciparum to evaluate the importance of PfEMP1 and a P. falciparum isolate with a virulent phenotype. Our findings suggested that PfEMP1 was the dominant target of antibodies to the IE surface, including functional antibodies that promoted opsonic phagocytosis by monocytes. Antibodies were associated with increasing age and concurrent parasitemia, and were higher among children exposed to a higher force‐of‐infection as determined using molecular detection. Antibodies to IE surface antigens were consistently associated with reduced risk of malaria in both younger and older children. However, protective associations for antibodies to merozoite surface antigens were only observed in older children. This suggests that antibodies to IE surface antigens, particularly PfEMP1, play an earlier role in acquired immunity to malaria, whereas greater exposure is required for protective antibodies to merozoite antigens. These findings have implications for vaccine design and serosurveillance of malaria transmission and immunity.
A Simple Enzymatic Process to Produce Functional Lipids From Vegetable and Fish Oil Mixtures
Authors: Marín‐Suárez Marta , Morales‐Medina Rocío , Guadix Emilia M. , Guadix Antonio 
Published: August 2017

Functional lipids (e.g., those triacylglyerols containing EPA and DHA, besides others) are related to the prevention and treatment of many cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, fatty acids located at the central bond (sn‐2) of triacylglycerols are more efficiently absorbed via lymphatic route. Hence, the aim of this work is to increase the Omega‐3 content at the sn‐2 position of vegetable and fish oils (high oleic sunflower and sardine oil), via enzymatic interesterification. To that end, direct interesterification and a two‐step treatment (in situ hydrolysis and re‐esterification) were evaluated using Lipozyme TL IM and Novozyme 435. For both lipases, direct esterification led to a minor production of by‐products, that is, free fatty acids and diacylglycerols (<10 mol%), and to an increase of EPA and oleic acid at the sn‐2 position, regardless of the oil mixture composition. The best result was obtained using pure sardine oil and Lipozyme TL IM, (at sn‐2 position, the content of EPA and oleic acid were doubled, while DHA presented an increase of 20%). This is an easy process by which the composition of the oils used in food fortification can be improved.Practical Applications: The regiodistribution of mixtures of fish and vegetables oils is modified using two enzymatic processes with random and 1,3‐specific lipases. Direct interesterification produced minor by‐products (<10 mol%) compared to hydrolysis and in situ re‐esterification. Final triacylglycerols possess double EPA and 20% more DHA at the sn‐2 position, thus, improving the composition of oils intended for Omega‐3 fortified formulations.Enzymatic interesterification is used to enrich vegetable oil with Omega‐3 at sn‐2 for functional lipids used in food fortification.
Recent Advances in Metal Halide‐Based Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kumawat Naresh K. , Gupta Dhritiman , Kabra Dinesh 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMetal‐halide perovskite materials are crystalline semiconductors that can be processed at room temperature using solution‐processible deposition techniques. In only a few years, perovskite‐based solar cell efficiencies have seen a huge increase from 3 % to 22.1 %. These direct‐bandgap materials are potential candidates for other optoelectronic device applications such as photodetectors, light‐emitting transistors, and light‐emitting diodes. In this Review, we present the current state‐of‐the‐art in the research and development of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) based on metal halide perovskite semiconductors with an emphasis on size of crystallites and its effects on optical properties, device architectures, and PeLED performance parameters. A uniform pinhole‐free morphology with small grain size is essential for high‐performance PeLEDs. For this purpose, a p‐i‐n type device architecture with a p‐type poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) layer was found to be more suitable than the n‐i‐p type. In PeLEDs based on bulk‐phase perovskites, the average size of the crystallites is in the range 100–500 nm. The efficiency can be improved further by using perovskite nanoparticles with size <100 nm. Color of the emitted light from these materials can be tuned over a wide range, that is, from NIR (775 nm) to near‐UV (410 nm), simply by changing the halide ion and the stoichiometric ratio between halide ions in the mixed‐halide‐type perovskites. Change of stoichiometry also affects the structural properties and the final film morphology, which in turn influences the radiative and non‐radiative recombination rates of the charge carriers and hence the device performance. Furthermore, we also provide recent developments in PeLEDs based on inorganic perovskite nanocrystals that complement the efforts being made in hybrid PeLEDs.
Leaving the placenta in situ versus conservative and radical surgery in the treatment of placenta accreta spectrum disorders
Authors: Kutuk Mehmet S. , Ak Mehmet , Ozgun Mahmut T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare different treatment methods in the management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, medical records were retrieved for patients who underwent elective surgery at 24 weeks of pregnancy or more after a diagnosis of PAS disorder (creta, increta, or percreta) at a center in Turkey between May 2, 2010, and August 10, 2016. The final analysis included patients whose diagnosis was confirmed intraoperatively and for whom complete data were available. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 included those who underwent hysterectomy without placental removal, group 2 included patients whose placenta was left in situ, and group 3 included those who underwent placental removal and conservative surgery.ResultsAmong 79 included patients (33 creta, 18 increta, 28 percreta), 27 (34%) were in group 1, 15 (19%) in group 2, and 37 (47%) in group 3. Total blood loss and the amounts of blood products transfused were lowest in group 2; significant differences between groups were noted (all P ≤ 0.001). Surgical complication rates were similar between groups (4/27 [15%], 1/15 [7%], and 11/37 [30%], respectively; P=0.119). Overall uterine preservation rates were not significantly different between groups 2 and 3 (14/15 [93%] vs 33/37 [89%]; P>0.99).ConclusionLeaving the placenta in situ could become the treatment of choice for PAS disorders.
PATERNAL AND MATERNAL REFLECTIVE FUNCTIONING IN THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN PEEL CHILD HEALTH STUDY
Authors: Cooke Dawson , Priddis Lynn , Luyten Patrick , Kendall Garth , Cavanagh Robert 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTWhile past research on the care of infants has been mostly with mothers, in recent times there has been a renewed attention to the father–infant relationship. This study examined differences between mother and father parental reflective functioning (PRF) or parental mentalizing; that is, the parental capacity to reason about their own and their children's behaviors by taking into consideration intentional mental states. Data were collected from 120 couples with a 1‐year‐old child who were participants in the West Australian Peel Child Health Study. Parental mentalizing was assessed using the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ; Luyten, Mayes, Nijssens, & Fonagy, ). Results showed that mother and father mentalizing with their children was independent and that mothers scored slightly higher levels of mentalizing than did fathers. Paternal mentalizing was weakly associated with family income and father education, and was more strongly associated with family functioning than with maternal mentalizing. Implications for theorizing on PRF and fatherhood more generally are discussed.