bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXTRACTING HOST GALAXY DISPERSION MEASURE AND CONSTRAINING COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS USING FAST RADIO BURST DATA
Authors: Yang Yuan-Pei , Zhang Bing 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The excessive dispersion measures (DMs) and high Galactic latitudes of fast radio bursts (FRBs) hint toward a cosmological origin of these mysterious transients. Methods of using measured DM and redshift z to study cosmology have been proposed, but one needs to assume a certain amount of DM contribution from the host galaxy (

) in order to apply those methods. We introduce a slope parameter

(where

is the observed DM subtracting the Galactic contribution), which can be directly measured when a sample of FRBs have z measured. We show that

can be roughly inferred from β and the mean values,

and

, of the sample. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the mean value of local host galaxy DM,

, along with other cosmological parameters (mass density

in the ΛCDM model, and the IGM portion of the baryon energy density

), can be independently measured through Markov Chain Monte Carlo fitting to the data.
La prégnance de la double échelle de carrière experts/managers : une analyse à travers l’agence des outils de gestion
Authors: Gastaldi Lise , Gilbert Patrick 
Published: October 2016

La gestion des experts est un sujet important et d’actualité pour les organisations scientifiques et techniques. Alors que leur performance dépend de leur capacité à attirer, mobiliser et fidéliser des experts, elles rencontrent d’importantes difficultés en la matière. Les experts ressentent un manque de reconnaissance qui entraîne démotivation et turn over. Afin de valoriser et de fidéliser ces experts, un grand nombre d’organisations déploie un outil spécifique : la double échelle de carrière qui crée une filière promotionnelle dédiée aux experts à côté de la voie hiérarchique classique. Cet outil de GRH suscite plusieurs étonnements. Il apparaît comme une innovation RH aux organisations qui l’adoptent aujourd’hui, alors qu’il a été inventé il y a plus de 60 ans. Sa diffusion interroge également quand on considère à quel point la double échelle a été critiquée quant à son incapacité à résoudre la question de la reconnaissance des experts. Enfin, les organisations qui disposent d’une double échelle et en expérimentent les limites ne l’ont pas abandonnée pour autant. Cet article entend élucider le paradoxe de la persistance d’un outil inefficace, paradoxe incompréhensible dans une approche fonctionnaliste. S’inscrivant dans une perspective théorique très différente, les auteurs mobilisent la grille d’analyse de l’agence des outils de gestion (Chiapello & Gilbert, 2016). Sur les sept cas d’organisations de recherche et développement étudiés, les résultats montrent que la double échelle produit des effets – épistémiques, pragmatiques et politiques - qui expliquent sa prégnance, alors même qu’elle ne permet pas d’apporter une solution satisfaisante au problème de reconnaissance des experts. Cette recherche contribue à enrichir la compréhension des outils de gestion pris dans des interactions dynamiques et complexes avec leur environnement organisationnel et institutionnel. Elle donne également des pistes de réflexion aux managers et aux acteurs de la fonction RH en charge des professionnels scientifiques et techniques.
Dans les rouages de la GPEC territoriale : surmonter les tensions pour élaborer une stratégie collaborative
Authors: Mazzilli Ingrid 
Published: October 2016

Les organisations sont appelées depuis plusieurs années et dans le cadre des « futurs de la GRH » (Boudreau et Ziskin, 2011), à ouvrir leur périmètre à de nombreux acteurs externes afin de mieux répondre à leurs besoins, mais aussi à ceux de leur territoire d’accueil. Ces logiques collaboratives se sont peu à peu déployées en matière de GRH, donnant naissance à de multiples initiatives en matière de GRH ou de GPEC territoriale (GPECT), considérées ici comme une forme de « partenariats inter-sectoriels ». Les travaux qui les ont étudiées ont pointé leurs enjeux, mais aussi les difficultés lors de leur mise en route. Ce travail propose de poursuivre dans cette voie en s’interrogeant plus particulièrement sur les tensions rencontrées au cours de l’élaboration d’une stratégie collaborative dans le cadre d’une démarche GPECT. L’étude de cas réalisée auprès de la Maison de l’Emploi Ouest Provence revient sur le déploiement d’une démarche GPECT auprès des acteurs de la filière transport et logistique. Elle montre la diversité des tensions rencontrées au cours de ce processus : certaines sont liées au travail collaboratif ou sont spécifiques à la GPECT, d’autres sont relatives au pilotage de la démarche ou plus particulièrement à la présence de la diversité des partenaires. Cette étude met également en évidence le travail réalisé par les pilotes de la démarche pour surmonter ces tensions et aboutir à un équilibre. Plusieurs modalités de résolution des tensions ont été mobilisées, selon la nature de ces tensions et à différents moments de l’élaboration de la stratégie collaborative.
Short-Lived Antigen Recognition but Not Viral Infection at a Defined Checkpoint Programs Effector CD4 T Cells To Become Protective Memory
Authors: Bautista Bianca L. , Devarajan Priyadharshini , McKinstry K. Kai , Strutt Tara M. , Vong Allen M. , Jones Michael C. , Kuang Yi , Mott Daniel , Swain Susan L. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Although memory CD4 T cells are critical for effective immunity to pathogens, the mechanisms underlying their generation are still poorly defined. We find that following murine influenza infection, most effector CD4 T cells undergo apoptosis unless they encounter cognate Ag at a defined stage near the peak of effector generation. Ag recognition at this memory checkpoint blocks default apoptosis and programs their transition to long-lived memory. Strikingly, we find that viral infection is not required, because memory formation can be restored by the addition of short-lived, Ag-pulsed APC at this checkpoint. The resulting memory CD4 T cells express an enhanced memory phenotype, have increased cytokine production, and provide protection against lethal influenza infection. Finally, we find that memory CD4 T cell formation following cold-adapted influenza vaccination is boosted when Ag is administered during this checkpoint. These findings imply that persistence of viral Ag presentation into the effector phase is the key factor that determines the efficiency of memory generation. We also suggest that administering Ag at this checkpoint may improve vaccine efficacy.
Update on Gender Equity in Immunology, 2001 to 2016
Authors: Shapiro Virginia Smith , Kovats Susan , Parent Michelle A. , Gaffen Sarah L. , Hedrick Catherine C. , Jain Pooja , Denzin Lisa K. , Raghavan Malini , Stephens Robin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In 2001, The American Association of Immunologists Committee on the Status of Women conducted a survey examining the percentage of women faculty members within immunology departments or women in immunology graduate programs across 27 institutions in the United States, comparing it to the percentage of women receiving a Ph.D. Here, we examine the representation of women across these same 27 immunology departments and programs to examine changes in gender equity over the last 15 years.
Mild bleeders: Diagnosis is elusive in large number of patients
Authors: Kotru Mrinalini , Mutereja Deepti , Purohit Abhishek , Tyagi Seema , Mahapatra Manoranjan , Saxena Renu , Pati Hara Prasad 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Background: Bleeding is a common clinical presentation. Even patients with mild bleeding disorders are extensively investigated for ascertaining the cause. The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the extent of the possibility of diagnosis in mild bleeding disorders.Material and Methods: This was a prospective study of patients referred for work up of mild bleeding for a period of 13 months. A complete blood count, peripheral smear examination, Prothrombin time, Partial Thromboplastin time and Thrombin Time, Platelet Aggregometry test, tests for von Willebrand’s disease and Platelet function 3 availability were measured. Results: 164 patients presented with mild bleeding, in 114 of the patients a single site of bleeding was present. Epistaxis was the most common presentation (39%). Cutaneous bleeding (petechiae and purpura) was the next common site. History of a major bleeding tendency in the family was present only in 11 patients. The investigations showed that VWD (17/164), followed by clotting disorders (CD) mainly mild hemophilia (15/164) were the most common diagnosable cause. There were also 4 cases of hypofibrinogenemia. The disorders of platelets (Platelet function defects/PFD) were the least common (9/164). Rest 123 (75%) patients could not be diagnosed on the basis of these investigations and were labeled as Bleeding disorders – Unclassified (BDC). Conclusion: n our study, 75% of the patients with mild bleeding remained undiagnosed even after extensive laboratory workup, thus raising a very pertinent question that is it necessary that all mild bleeders submit to a broad battery of investigations, as the diagnosis continues to be elusive despite extensive workup.
On Identities with Composition of Generalized Derivations
Authors: Pınar Eroglu Münevver , Argaç Nurcan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLet R be a prime ring with extended centroid C, Q maximal right ring of quotients of R, RC central closure of R such that dim C(RC) > , ƒ (X1, . . . , Xn) a multilinear polynomial over C that is not central-valued on R, and f (R) the set of all evaluations of the multilinear polynomial f (X1 , . . . , Xn) in R. Suppose that G is a nonzero generalized derivation of R such that G2(u)u ∈ C for all u ∈ ƒ(R).
El tratamiento mediático de la emigración juvenil en los informativos televisivos y en los vídeos auto producidos por migrantes (2009-2015)
Authors: Visa Barbosa Mariona , Soto Merola Joana , Rubio Ros Clara 
Published: October 2016

El artículo describe las representaciones de la emigración juvenil a Londres hechas por los medios de comunicación generalistas y por los propios protagonistas en las redes sociales, partiendo del estudio de la construcción de las identidades y de la teoría del framing. Metodología: El análisis de contenido comparativo de doce noticias televisivas y de un documental y una webserie distribuidos por las redes sociales, complementado con entrevistas en profundidad a un grupo de jóvenes emigrados a Londres. Resultados y conclusiones: El artículo señala cómo la emigración juvenil no ha sido un tema predominante en la agenda mediática televisiva y cómo su tratamiento informativo tiende a la descontextualización y al esquematismo. Los documentales y la webserie distribuidos en las redes sociales suponen un retrato más fiel de la realidad de los emigrantes, y han constituido un punto de encuentro para personas que buscaban compartir sus experiencias y una información más detallada del proceso.
Factors Associated with Fatal Outcomes Following Cholera-Like Syndrome in Far North Region of Cameroon: A Community-Based Survey
Authors: Djouma Fabrice N. , Ateudjieu Jerome , Ram Malathi , Debes Amanda K. , Sack David A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This study demonstrates that most cholera deaths in this region of Cameroon occur out of hospital. This is a region which is prone to cholera, and interventions are needed to improve access to emergency medical care, especially during cholera outbreaks. Cameroon has experienced 14 cholera epidemics during the last 20 years, and these have had high case fatality rates. This study attempted to assess the effect of delays in seeking care and the locations of care as possible risk factors for cholera mortality. The study used data from a community-based survey regarding the circumstances of 97 fatal cases and 197 control (nonfatal) cases following a cholera-like syndrome in villages with cholera-like diseases during cholera outbreaks in Cameroon during 2009–2011. Deaths occurred in one of four environments: the community, in a temporary community treatment center (TCTC), in transit to a treatment center, or in a hospital (39%, 32%, 5%, and 24%, respectively). Using a case–control analysis, factors associated with deaths included the nonuse of a cholera treatment center, receiving health care in a TCTC instead of a hospital, and greater than 4 hours delay between the onset of symptoms and the decision to go to a treatment center (odds ratios of 17.1 [confidence interval (CI): 7.0–41.8], 2.5 [CI: 1.2–5.0], and 2.2 [CI: 1.0–4.6], respectively). During cholera epidemics, a higher proportion of deaths are still occurring in communities. The nonuse and delays in deciding to go a treatment center, and treatment at TCTC rather than a hospital were risk factors for death among patients with cholera-like syndrome in Cameroon. Informing people on community management of cholera-like syndrome and improving care in all health facilities are needed to reduce deaths during cholera epidemics.
Editorial: Announcing the Winner of the Inaugural JGI Scholar’s Award for Research Excellence (Category B: Cognitive, Developmental, Biobehavioral, and Neuroimaging Research)
Authors: Stewart Sherry H. 
Published: October 2016

Editorial: Announcing the Winner of the Inaugural JGI Scholar’s Award for Research Excellence (Category B: Cognitive, Developmental, Biobehavioral, and Neuroimaging Research) Éditorial : Annonce du gagnant de la bourse inaugurale JGI pour l’excellence en recherche (Catégorie B pour la recherche cognitive, développementale, biocomportementale ou en neuroimagerie
Modelling nutrient retention in the coastal zone of an eutrophic sea
Authors: Almroth-Rosell Elin , Edman Moa , Eilola Kari , Meier H. E. Markus , Sahlberg Jörgen 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The Swedish Coastal zone Model (SCM) was used at a test site, the Stockholm archipelago, located in the northern part of the central Baltic Sea, to study the retention capacity of the coastal filter on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads from land and atmosphere. The efficiency of the coastal filter to permanently retain nutrients determines how much of the local nutrient loads actually reach the open sea. The SCM system is a nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus-type model coupled to a horizontally integrated, physical model in particular suitable for estuaries. In this study the Stockholm Archipelago, consisting of 86 sub-basins, was divided into three sub-areas: the inner, the intermediate and the outer archipelago. An evaluation of model results showed that the modelled freshwater supply agrees well with observations. The nutrient, salinity and temperature dynamics simulated by the SCM are also found to be in good or acceptable agreement with observations. The analysis showed that the Stockholm Archipelago works as a filter for nutrients that enter the coastal zone from land, but the filter efficiency is not effective enough to retain all the supplied nutrients. However, at least 65 and 72 % of the P and N, respectively, are retained during the studied period (1990–2012). A major part of the retention is permanent, which for P means burial. For N, almost 92 % of the permanent retention is represented by benthic denitrification, less than 8 % by burial, while pelagic denitrification is below 1 %. Highest total amounts of P and N are retained in the outer archipelago, where the surface area is largest. The area-specific retention of P and N, however, is highest in the smaller inner archipelago and decreases towards the open sea. A reduction scenario of the land loads of N and P showed that the filter efficiencies of N and P increase and the export of N from the archipelago decreases. About 15 years after the reduction, the export of P changes into an import of P from the open sea to the archipelago.
The Bondi Surfer: An Underdeveloped History
Authors: Booth Douglas 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
History is an empirical-analytical and a narrative-linguistic interpretation of the past. By-and-large, historians of sport ignore the relationship between these two strands, which is critical to understanding historical practice. In this article, I draw on the work of the philosopher of history Hayden White to expound the empirical-analytical and narrative dimensions of surfing (boardriding) and surfers (boardriders) at Bondi, Australia’s world-renowned surf beach in Sydney. Volumes of evidence refer to Bondi surfers who appear in the water, on the sand, in community art, in the surrounding streets, and in general social histories of Australian beaches. While this evidence appears in numerous empirically grounded explanations about surfing at Bondi, historians have yet to narrativize surfing at Bondi and the Bondi surfer as a clearly identifiable and distinctive subject. Thus, I advance the notion that the Bondi surfer remains in a historically underdeveloped state as those with an interest in the subject decide how to configure a coherent, convincing, and enduring narrative explanation.
Got Athletes? The Use of Male Athlete Celebrity Endorsers in Early Twentieth-Century Dairy-Industry Promotions
Authors: Veri Maria J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The now-ubiquitous “Got Milk?” mustache campaign of the late twentieth century features a number of celebrity athlete endorsers in its print advertisements. As innovative as this campaign was, the use of athletes to promote dairy consumption among Americans was not a new marketing trend; the dairy industry has, in fact, sought out athlete endorsers and associations with sport and physical culture since the 1920s. In this paper, I examine the dairy industry’s use of celebrity male athletic endorsers in milk-drinking promotions of the first half of the twentieth century. Through an analysis of photographs, posters, and print advertisements, I argue that the dairy industry’s association with sport was intended to boost milk sales and ultimately shape a masculine discourse of health, fitness, and vitality around milk consumption.
Napoleon’s Last Allies: The Poles in 1814
Authors: Stanley John D. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
After the death of the Polish Army’s commander-in-chief, Prince Józef Poniatowski, at the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813, Polish troops were leaderless. Although Gen. Sokolnicki and Prince Sułkowski assumed successive command, neither proved capable of fulfilling the contradictory demands of their subordinates and Napoleon’s direction. At Schlüchtern, on the retreat to France, Napoleon spoke to the Polish officers, appealing to their sense of honor and assuming direct command of the Polish troops. The Poles accepted the French emperor’s appeal and fought well for him in the 1814 campaign. However, in agreeing to Napoleon’s terms, the Polish military placed its professional role above its patriotic roots. This shift was demonstrated when Napoleon abdicated: the Polish military sought aid from the most likely source in order to maintain its position. The Russian emperor, Alexander I, eagerly accepted the Polish offer, despite Poniatowski’s longstanding opposition to collaboration with the Russians. This episode in its history transformed the Polish military; it abandoned its role as nation builder to become a professional force that relied on and accepted orders from whomever commanded it.
The Nazi Racial War: Concentration Camps in the New Order
Authors: II Henry J. Gwiazda 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article recounts in specific detail what five Polish individuals, Christians and Jews, men and women, experienced in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camps. In addition, the origin and evolution of the concentration camps as a Nazi institution is discussed showing their relationship to German business, the war effort, the Wehrmacht, and to the future plans to build a New German Empire in the East. On the broadest level the article outlines a new chapter in human slavery and racism.
Post-Communist Poland and the European Union: Energy Policy and Relations with Russia
Authors: Brown Heather 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In the past two decades Europe as a whole has undergone a transformation, and Poland has been an integral part of these changes. Poland has transitioned from a communist nation to a democratic European Union (EU) member. This transition was not without trials, but through this history Poland has established itself as a significant international actor. This article aims to analyze post-communist Poland, within its membership in both the EU and the Visegrád Group, and the effects these relationships have on Polish and EU energy policy, as well as Russian-EU energy policy.
PrEP in Europe – expectations, opportunities and barriers
Authors: McCormack Sheena Mary , Noseda Veronica , Molina Jean‐Michel 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionIn contrast to the global trend showing a decline in new HIV infections, the number reported in the World Health Organization (WHO) region of Europe is increasing. Health systems are disparate, but even countries with free access to screening and treatment observe continuing high rates of new infections in key populations, notably men who have sex with men (MSM). Pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is only available in France. This commentary describes the European epidemics and healthcare settings where PrEP could be delivered, how need might be estimated for MSM and the residual barriers to access.DiscussionHealth systems and government commitment to HIV prevention and care, both financial and political, differ considerably between the countries that make up Europe. A common feature is that funds for prevention are a small fraction of funds for care. Although care is generally good, access is limited in the middle‐income countries of Eastern Europe and central Asia, and only 19% of people living with HIV received antiretroviral therapy in 2014. It is challenging to motivate governments or civil society to implement PrEP in the context of this unmet treatment need, which is driven by limited national health budgets and diminishing assistance from foreign aid. The high‐income countries of Western Europe have hesitated to embrace PrEP for different reasons, initially due to key gaps in the evidence. Now that PrEP has been shown to be highly effective in European MSM in two randomized controlled trials, it is clear that the major barrier is the cost of the drug which is still on patent, although inadequate health systems and diminishing investment in civil society are also key challenges to overcome.ConclusionsThe momentum to implement PrEP in European countries is increasing and provides a welcome opportunity to expand and improve clinical services and civil society support focused on HIV and related infections including other sexually transmitted and blood‐borne infections.
Enhancements of photoluminescence intensity in high-quality floating-zone Si by thermal annealing in vacuum
Authors: Kataoka Keita , Hattori Ken , Yamamoto Aishi , Hattori Azusa Nakamoto , Hatayama Tomoaki , Kimoto Yasuji , Endo Katsuyoshi , Fuyuki Takashi , Daimon Hiroshi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Inactivation of non-radiative defects by hydrogen and their thermal stabilities in a high-quality floating-zone Si wafer depending on annealing conditions have been studied using in-situ photoluminescence (PL) and thermal desorption under an ultra-high vacuum. The PL intensity increased to ∼400% of its initial value after annealing at 450 °C and decreased to ∼6% of its initial value after annealing at 600 °C due to inactivation and activation of non-radiative defects, respectively. Based on the annealing temperature- and duration-dependence of the PL intensity, we propose two types of hydrogenated defects with different thermal stabilities.