bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the metabolite-mediated effects of immune cells on squamous lung cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Qu HongPeng , Zhou Min , Guo QuanMin , Qiu Yanjun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Lung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) being a significant subtype. Immune cells are critical in tumor surveillance and the immune response, and recent advancements in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have enhanced the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including LUSC. Metabolites produced during tumor metabolism may influence immune cell function, affecting immune cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation and overall effectiveness. This study aims to explore the causal relationships between metabolite-mediated immune cells and LUSC via Mendelian randomization (MR).
Methods
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for LUSC were obtained from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO), including 3,275 cases and 15,038 controls, with data on 8,893,750 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A total of 731 immunophenotypes and 1,400 metabolite GWAS catalogs were analyzed. The study conducted four MR analyses: forward MR analysis with immune cells as the exposure and LUSC as the outcome, positive MR analysis with metabolites as the exposure and LUSC as the outcome, and mediated MR analysis with immune cells as the exposure, metabolites as mediators, and LUSC as the outcome. Sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the robustness, heterogeneity, and multibiological effects of the findings.
Results
The analysis revealed that 13 immune cells, including 7 high-risk immune cells and 6 protective immune cells, were significantly correlated with LUSC. Thirteen metabolites were also linked to LUSC, with 2 high-risk and 11 protective metabolites. Mediated MR analysis revealed significant associations between naive-mature B-cell percentage and taurolithocholate 3-sulfate (mediated effect = 0.006, p = 0.0405), the CD4/CD8br ratio and the alpha-ketoglutarate to aspartate ratio (mediated effect = 0.023, p = 0.0121), and the CD4 + percentage of leukocytes and SSC-A on lymphocytes with indolepropionate levels (mediated effect = 0.018, p = 0.0169 and mediated effect=-0.017, p = 0.0162, respectively).
Conclusion
This study reveals the causal roles of immune cells and metabolites in LUSC via genetic approaches. These findings suggest that specific metabolites mediate the involvement of immune cells in LUSC, providing new insights for therapeutic strategies.
Robustness Assessment of Regressions using Cluster Analysis Typologies: A Bootstrap Procedure with Application in State Sequence Analysis
Authors: Roth Leonard , Studer Matthias , Antille Emilie , Peytremann-Bridevaux Isabelle 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
In standard Sequence Analysis, similar trajectories are clustered together to create a typology of trajectories, which is then often used to evaluate the association between sequence patterns and covariates inside regression models. The sampling uncertainty, which affects both the derivation of the typology and the associated regressions, is typically ignored in this analysis, an oversight that may lead to wrong statistical conclusions. We propose utilising sampling variation to derive new estimates that further inform on the association of interest.
Methods
We introduce a novel procedure to assess the robustness of regression results obtained from the standard analysis. Bootstrap samples are drawn from the data, and for each bootstrap, a new typology replicating the original one is constructed, followed by the estimation of the corresponding regression models. The bootstrap estimates are then combined using a multilevel modelling framework that mimics a meta-analysis. The fitted values from this multilevel model allow to account for the sampling uncertainty in the inferential analysis. We illustrate the methodology by applying it to the study of healthcare utilisation trajectories in a Swiss cohort of diabetic patients.
Results
The procedure provides robust estimates for an association of interest, along with 95% prediction intervals, representing the range of expected values if the clustering and associated regressions were performed on a new sample from the same underlying distribution. It also identifies central and borderline trajectories within each cluster. Regarding the illustrative application, while there was evidence of an association between regular lipid testing and subsequent healthcare utilisation patterns in the original analysis, this is not supported in the robustness assessment.
Conclusions
Investigating the relationship between trajectory patterns and covariates is of interest in many situations. However, it is a challenging task with potential pitfalls. Our Robustness Assessment of Regression using Cluster Analysis Typologies (RARCAT) may assist in ensuring the robustness of such association studies. The method is applicable wherever clustering is combined with regression analysis, so its relevance goes beyond State Sequence Analysis.
Factors Affecting Time to Recovery From Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adult Diabetic Patients in Alexandria Main University Hospital
Authors: Sabry Ahmed A. , Alkafafy Asmaa Mohamed , Morsy Eman Youssef , Aiad Ahmed , Montasser Mina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening condition as a complication of diabetes and represents a significant healthcare global burden. The current study goal was to determine factors affecting time to recovery from DKA in Alexandria Main University Hospital.
Patients and methods:
150 patients who had been admitted with DKA were included in this study. All patients were managed with hospitalization for IV fluids, continuous intravenous insulin infusion, electrolytes correction, as well as detection and treatment of the predisposing factor until the full resolution of DKA.
Results
Males contributed to (58.7%) of the total patients in this study with a mean age of (32.16 ± 15.06) years. DKA mean time of resolution was (18.76 ± 14.07) hours. The majority of patients were with T1DM (86%), while T2DM were (14%). Missed insulin dose was the leading precipitating factor (60.7%) followed by infections (38.7%). There was a statistically significant relationship between DKA resolution time with age, time of presentation, type of diabetes, initial PH, initial serum K+ level, initial HCO3− level, initial anion gap, initial base excess, and initial RBS. (p value < 0.001).
Conclusion
Delayed time of resolution from DKA was associated with initial lower PH, initial lower HCO3− level, initial lower base excess level, initial higher anion gap level, type 2 diabetes mellitus, patients on pre-mixed insulin regimen, old patients, delayed time for seeking medical care, and abnormal serum K+ level.
Caries and obesity: A cross-sectional study of populations and microbiology
Authors: Chen Bai-Ru , Yang Xiao-Peng , Yang Wei , Ma Nan , Wang Meng , Li Yi-Min , Bao Mei-Hua , Wang Cheng-Yue 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Caries and obesity in children are public health concerns. Although the relationship between the two non-communicable diseases has been studied for many years, the results are still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between caries and obesity in children aged 7-12 years old in Jinzhou, China.1864 children were selected for cluster sampling clinical study. All the selected students completed a questionnaire, recorded their height and weight, conducted oral examinations, and collected decayed⁃missing⁃filled teeth (dmft , DMFT) information. Forty children were randomly divided into the following groups: high caries (HC) + obese, caries-free (CF) + obese, HC+non-obese (NO), CF+NO. The diagnosis of dental caries and obesity is based on the standards of the World Health Organization. Collect saliva and feces samples. Multivariate analysis of variance, chi-square test, and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate the data, and 16s rDNA V3-V4 was used to detect microorganisms in saliva and fecal samples. The prevalence rates of dental caries, overweight, and obesity were determined, with significant associations found between demographic factors and BMI. Factors such as dietary structure, frequency of specific food consumption, parents' educational level, exercise habits, and sedentary behavior were linked to the decayed-missing-filled index of teeth. Microbiota analysis revealed differences in microbial composition between caries and non-caries, obese and non-obese groups in both saliva and feces samples. Dietary factors, particularly the consumption of sugary foods, along with exercise frequency, sedentary behaviors, and parental educational levels, are recognized as common risk factors for caries and obesity. Notably, the prevalence of caries in primary teeth is inversely correlated with BMI, whereas the rate of caries in permanent teeth is directly proportional to BMI.16S rDNA sequencing results suggesting that prevotella may act as a co-pathogenic bacterium in the development of both conditions.
Outcomes of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Children with Inborn Errors of Immunity
Authors: Hashem Hasan , Ghatasheh Lubna , Najjar Rula , Mufarrej Duaa , Zandaki Duaa , Shanap Mayada Abu , Khattab Eman , Rihani Rawad , Sultan Iyad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a heterogenous group of rare monogenic disorders that affect innate or adaptive immunity, resulting in susceptibility to life-threatening infections and autoimmunity. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a valuable curative option for children with IEI. We conducted a retrospective single-center study on the outcome of HCT in children with IEI. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS). We gathered data from 55 patients underwent HCT in the period 2014 to 2023. The indications for HCT were CGD (n = 14), HLH (n = 12), SCID (n = 10), and others (n = 19). Median age at HCT was 3 years (range 0.1–17). Donors were HLA-matched related (n = 27), haploidentical (n = 24), and cord (n = 4). The conditioning regimens were myeloablative (n = 34), reduced intensity (n = 18), or no conditioning (n = 3). After a median follow-up of 43 months (range 13–120), 2-year OS was 93%, 2-year EFS 79% and 2 year GvHD-free relapse-free survival (GRFS) was 69%. Univariate analysis showed that bone marrow source was significantly associated with better EFS and GRFS. Cumulative incidence of grade 2–4 acute and moderate/severe chronic GvHD were 21% and 13%, respectively. Incidence of graft failure was 13%. In conclusion, HCT is feasible and curative in children with IEI. Early diagnosis and referral in addition to timely treatment can further improve outcomes.
From arteries to age: an intrinsic impact of Circle of Willis on first-ever acute ischemic stroke in the oldest-old
Authors: Jiao Shusheng , Zhi Jianxia , Li Miaomiao , Chen Liping , Gong Zihua , Ma Haoyuan , Wang Qinghua , Cheng Xiaofang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to describe the characteristics of CoW configuration in the oldest-old patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke, and investigate the association of CoW with the first-onset age of acute ischemic stroke in the elderly population.
Methods: The patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke were consecutively enrolled between March 2022 and June 2024. All patients underwent MRA or CTA of brain. According to their first-onset age, they were divided into two groups (oldest-old group, aged ≥80 years; elderly group, aged 60-79 years). Demographic and clinical data were collected, and CoW scores and types were independently assessed by two experienced neurologists.
Results: The oldest-old group showed greater Anterior communicating artery (AcoA) and total CoW scores and a higher ratio of complete CoW as compared with the elderly group. Poor CoW was associated with earlier first-onset age, and higher AcoA score was associated with later first-onset age, even after adjustments by conventional risk factors. In the female cohort, the oldest-old subset showed high scores of AcoA, Posterior communicating artery (PcoA) and total CoW, with all difference strength significantly greater than those in all subjects. Additionally, in the female cohort, first-onset age was significantly related with AcoA score, total CoW score and poor CoW, whether non-adjusted or adjusted.
Conclusions: The oldest-old patients with first-onset ischemic stroke have a higher CoW score and better morphology than the elderly patients, with females more significant. Females with poor CoW should be recommended for risk stratification of ischemic stroke to generate more effective and precise strategies for stroke prevention and healthy aging.
Evaluation of pharyngeal airway volume and soft tissue changes after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in skeletal class III patients using CBCT: Long-term Study
Authors: Hashemi Seyedeh Zahra , Torkzadeh Azadeh , Ghaffari Roshanak , Momeni Hasan , Aryanezhad Seyed Sasan , Arianezhad S. Marjan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Bimaxillary surgery is increasingly used to correct Class III malocclusion, but concerns about potential airway narrowing and its role in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remain. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of bimaxillary surgery on the upper airway and posterior soft tissues in skeletal Class III patients using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).
Methods
In this retrospective descriptive-analytical study, fifty female patients (mean age, 35.17 ± 9.16 years) with mandibular prognathism were treated with LeFort I advancement nad bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. They all had under two score of STOP-BANG questionnaire. CBCT were performed before surgery and 5 years after surgery with standardized head and neck positioning. Airway volume and posterior soft tissue were analyzed using OnDemand 3D software version 10.0.1. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, Pearson's correlation, and chi-square.
Results
in the long term, bimaxillary surgery statistically significantly increased the nasopharyngeal volume by 14.06% (P = 0.015) and decreased hypopharyngeal and upper airway volumes by 20.13% and 7.71% (P = 0.000, 0.015), respectively. Although there was a decrease in the oropharyngeal volume and the position of the soft palate, the changes were not statistically significant. The tongue moved backward by undergoing bimaxillary surgery (P = 0.005). No significant differences in STOP-BANG scores were observed.
Conclusions
Although bimaxillary surgery significantly reduces airway volume parameters, it does not elevate the risk of OSA in normal subjects. Our results can aid orthodontists and oral surgeons in selecting the proper surgical method.
Preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte and lymphocyte-monocyte ratios predict prognosis in patients with penile cancer undergoing partial or total penectomy
Authors: Song Xin , Peng Xingshun , Li Yang , Jiao Yubo , Cai Zhikang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the prognostic values of preoperative neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR)and lymphocyte–monocyte ratio (LMR) in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC).
Methods
A total of 47 patients with PSCC who underwent partial or total penectomy from 2000 to 2022 was retrospectively analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were used to determine the cutoff values of NLR and LMR for diagnosis of tumor recurrence. Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used in the survival analysis. Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used in the independent risk factor analysis.
Results
The cutoff values of NLR and PLR derived from the ROC curves were 2.3 and 3.9 respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that NLR and LMR were significantly associated with PFS (P < 0.001, P = 0.029). Lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), distant metastases (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001) and pathological stage (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001) correlate significantly with PFS and OS, respectively. Multivariate analysis verified pathological stage, lymph node metastasis, and NLR to be independent prognostic factors for PFS (P = 0.021, P = 0.001 and P = 0.033).
Conclusions
NLR could be an independent predictor of PFS in patients with PSCC.
Establishment and Internal Validation of a Model to Predict the Efficacy of Adalimumab in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Wang Fang , Wu Tong , Zhou He , Liang Jie , Zhang Yujie , Shi Yanting , Zhang Tiantian , Da Yu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Clinically, the ability to distinguish which Crohn's Disease patients can benefit from Adalimumab is limited.
Aims
This study aimed to develop a model for predicting clinical remission probability for Crohn's disease patients with Adalimumab at 12 weeks.
Methods
Demographic and clinical characteristics of Crohn's disease patients were utilized to develop a model for clinical remission probability. The discriminatory and calibrating ability of the model and the internal validation were determined.
Results
68 patients with Crohn's disease were enrolled in this study. Clinical remission was observed in 55.9% at 12 weeks. Three variables were selected through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression method, including Adalimumab-positive cell count, disease duration, and neutrophil count of Crohn's disease patients. A predictive model was constructed by multivariate logistic regression (Adalimumab-positive cell count (OR, 1.143; 95%CI, 1.056–1.261), disease duration (OR, 0.967; 95%CI, 0.937–0.986), and neutrophil count (×109/L) (OR, 1.274; 95%CI,1.014–1.734)). The predictive model yielded an area under the curve of 0.866 (95%CI, 0.776–0.956), and in the internal validation, the area under the curve was 0.870 (95%CI, 0.770–0.940).
Conclusions
The predicting model is of great value for predicting clinical remission probability in Crohn's disease patients with Adalimumab therapies.
The Effect of Empowerment Program on the Pain Control and Self-Efficacy in Patients Under Total Knee Arthroplasty in Iran
Authors: Ghahramanian Akram , Mirmaroofi Nazila , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad , Behshid Mozhgan , Tabrizi Faranak Jabbarzadeh , Onyeka Tonia , Ganjpour Jafar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Knee osteoarthritis is associated with significant limitations in range of motion. Therefore, improvement of pain and self-efficacy indices are very important. This study aimed to examine the effects of an empowerment program on the improvement of self-efficacy and pain control in patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Methods
A quasi-experimental design was used. Control group (n = 49) received routine care, whereas the intervention group (n = 49) received an empowerment program in addition to routine care, based on Linton’s cognitive-behavioral model and Bandura's self-efficacy theory. Before and after intervention, pain and self-efficacy were measured using the short form-McGill Pain Questionnaire and pain self-efficacy questionnaire respectively.
Results
A between group comparison demonstrated significant differences in pain subscales, including sensory-affective components (Mean Difference = 1.8, 95% CI= [-3.86 to -0.96], p = 0.015), PPI (0.62, [-0.18 to -1.04], 0.023), and VAS (1.57, [1.01 to -2.12], < 0.001), indicating superior outcomes in the intervention group. Notably, there was a substantial between-groups disparity in terms of pain self-efficacy (9.81, [0.71 to 1.24], < 0.001). After adjustment using ANCOVA, the results persisted.
Conclusion
Considering the effectiveness of the empowerment program used in this study as an interactive, applicable, and non-invasive approach, it can be used to increase pain management and self-efficacy of patients undergoing TKA treatment.
Clinical Symptom Influence on The Time of Nucleic Acid Conversion to Negative in COVID-19 Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Feng Hui , Hong Xiang , Qiu Shanhu , Ma Shaolei , Huang Yingzi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The duration for COVID-19 patients to achieve a negative nucleic acid test result is influenced by various factors. This study aimed to explore the influences of clinical symptoms of COVID-19 on the time required for nucleic acid test results to become negative.
Methods
This retrospective study enrolled a total of 486 participants infected with COVID-19 who were aged ≥ 18 years and hospitalized at Shanghai Lingang Make-shift Hospital between April 10, 2022, and May 20, 2022. The clinical data included patient demographics, clinical symptoms, and the time of nucleic acid conversion to negative, all assessed using a cross-sectional study method.
Results
This study included COVID-19 patients with a median age of 38, comprising 66.0% males and 34.0% females. Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated a significant positive correlation between the time of nucleic acid conversion to negative and the clinical symptoms of throat pain among patients with COVID-19 (β = 0.845, 95% CI: 0.123–1.567, P ≤ 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that throat pain had a significant negative effect on the 7-day negative nucleic acid conversion rate (OR = 0.586, 95%CI:0.390–0.880, P ≤ 0.01), as did diarrhea(OR = 0.541, 95%CI = 0.295–0.989, P ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion
The varying clinical symptoms influence the time to negative nucleic acid test results in COVID-19 patients, indicating that these symptoms should receive special attention in clinical treatment to optimize therapy and shorten recovery time.
Potential blood biomarkers to differentiate ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes
Authors: Song Jinhui , Yu Danhua , Zhou Jinli , Chen Weiwei , Qi Dongwang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Currently, besides neuroimaging, there is a lack of alternative methods for rapid differentiation of ischemic stroke (IS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which significantly impacts the timely treatment of patients. This study aims to elucidate the causal relationship between circulating metabolites and susceptibility to IS and ICH.
Methods
A two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was performed to estimate the causality of metabolites and metabolite ratios on IS/ICH. For exposure data, we extracted genetic variants associated with 1, 091 plasma metabolites and 309 metabolite ratios traits from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) cohort (n = 8, 299). For outcomes, we selected IS and its three subtypes including cardioembolic stroke (CES), small vessel stroke (SVS), and large artery (LAS) from the latest stroke genome-wide association studies (GWAS) database (73, 652 patients). In addition, we have included ICH as a primary outcome (n = 1, 545 cases).
Results
In this MR analysis, there were 115, 105, 89, 70, and 48 plasma metabolites or metabolite ratios suggestive associated with IS, LAS, CES, SVS, and ICH. After false discovery rate (FDR) correction and sensitive analysis, 20 robust causative associations between 16 metabolites (e.g., ribitol, campesterol, and thymol sulfate)/ 4 metabolite ratios and IS or ICH were finally identified. Among them, six metabolites may serve as potential indicators for distinguishing between IS and ICH.
Conclusion
The finding of our study suggested that identified metabolites and metabolite ratios can be considered useful circulating biomarkers for IS and ICH screening and differential diagnosis in clinical practice.