bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐trimester detection of abnormally invasive placenta in high‐risk women: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: D'Antonio F. , Timor‐Tritsch I. E. , Palacios‐Jaraquemada J. , Monteagudo A. , Buca D. , Forlani F. , Minneci G. , Foti F. , Manzoli L. , Liberati M. , Acharya G. , Calì G. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe primary aim of this systematic review was to ascertain whether ultrasound signs suggestive of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) are present in the first trimester of pregnancy. Secondary aims were to ascertain the strength of association and the predictive accuracy of such signs in detecting AIP in the first trimester.MethodsAn electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane databases (2000–2016) was performed. Only studies reporting on first‐trimester diagnosis of AIP that was subsequently confirmed in the third trimester either during operative delivery or by pathological examination were included. Meta‐analysis of proportions, random‐effects meta‐analysis and hierarchical summary receiver–operating characteristics curve analysis were used to analyze the data.ResultsSeven studies, involving 551 pregnancies at high risk of AIP, were included. At least one ultrasound sign suggestive of AIP was detected in 91.4% (95% CI, 85.8–95.7%) of cases with confirmed AIP. The most common ultrasound feature in the first trimester of pregnancy was low implantation of the gestational sac close to a previous uterine scar, which was observed in 82.4% (95% CI, 46.6–99.8%) of cases. Anechoic spaces within the placental mass (lacunae) were observed in 46.0% (95% CI, 10.9–83.7%) and a reduced myometrial thickness in 66.8% (95% CI, 45.2–85.2%) of cases affected by AIP. Pregnancies with a low implantation of the gestational sac had a significantly higher risk of AIP (odds ratio, 19.6 (95% CI, 6.7–57.3)), with a sensitivity and specificity of 44.4% (95% CI, 21.5–69.2%) and 93.4% (95% CI, 90.5–95.7%), respectively.ConclusionsUltrasound signs of AIP can be present during the first trimester of pregnancy, even before 11 weeks' gestation. Low anterior implantation of the placenta/gestational sac close to or within the scar was the most commonly seen early ultrasound sign suggestive of AIP, although its individual predictive accuracy was not high. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mating and aggressive behaviour of Brachyrhaphis olomina (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae)
Authors: Garita-Alvarado Carlos A. , Naranjo-Elizondo Beatriz , Barrantes Gilbert 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in the use of intromittent male genitalia and coercive mating behaviour in poeciliids, detailed studies of the mating behaviour of most species in this family are lacking. We describe here the mating and aggressive behaviours of Brachyrhaphis olomina, and correlate them with the condition of the female’s ovum and embryos (immature, mature and pregnant). B. olomina performed a wide range of aggressive (sidle spread, tail beating, coordinate) and mating behaviours (approximation, touch, lateral display, touch-lateral display). Some behaviours (e.g. tail beating) are shared with other poeciliids, but two sexual behaviours (touch and lateral display) and one aggressive (coordinate) behaviour may be unique to B. olomina and were not reported in a previous study. Differences in male behaviour when paired with a female with mature ovum (more mating displays, no agonistic movements) suggest that males detect the female’s reproductive condition from some distance. The distinctive nature of mating behaviour in B. olomina highlights the importance of studying different species to have a better understanding of the evolution of mating and aggressive behaviours in poeciliids. Digital video images related to the article are available at http://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo170720bo01a, http://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo170720bo02a and http://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo170720bo03a.
Risk Stratification in Multinodular Goiter: A Retrospective Review of Sonographic Features, Histopathological Results, and Cancer Risk
Authors: Kelly Brendan S. , Govender Pradeep , Jeffers Michael , Kinsella John , Gibney James , Sherlock Mark , Torreggiani William C. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose In the management of thyroid nodules, although the potential for malignancy exists, there is also the potential for overtreatment of subclinical disease. Although the TI-RADS (Thyroid Imaging-Reporting and Data System) system outlines a risk stratification score based on suspicious ultrasound findings, it has not been universally accepted. Many TI-RADS 2 or 3 patients proceed to fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), potentially unnecessarily. The aim of the study was to identify whether lesions within a multinodular goiter (MNG) without suspicious features can be followed with ultrasound rather than biopsied as is recommended for single nodules. Methods Pathology records were retrospectively analysed for proven MNGs over a 5-year period. A total of 293 cases were identified. FNAB, prebiopsy ultrasound images, and reports were identified for each case. Images were reviewed and assessed for sonographically suspicious criteria guided by TI-RADS. Logistic regression was applied to determine if any sonographic features were associated with neoplasia. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results Of 293 samples, 14 (4.7%) were neoplastic. Having no suspicious features conferred an average risk of 0.0339 (95% confidence interval: 0.02831-0.04087) of neoplasia. Risk of neoplasm significantly increased by having 1 and >1 suspicious feature ( P < .001). Regarding cytological results, of 237 patients with Thy-2 cytology, 159 were followed up and 8 had a neoplasm. Conclusion Ultrasound can be used to estimate risk of neoplasia in MNG. In the absence of suspicious radiological findings, follow-up with ultrasound rather than FNAB may be appropriate in patients who have a low clinical suspicion for neoplasia.
The Positive Outcome of MRI-Guided Vacuum Assisted Core Needle Breast Biopsies is not Influenced by a Prior Negative Targeted Second-Look Ultrasound
Authors: Ferré Romuald , AlSharif Shaza , Aldis Ann , Mesurolle Benoît 
Published: August 2017

Purpose The study sought to investigate the outcome of breast magnetic resonance–guided biopsies as a function of the indication for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the MRI features of the lesions, and the performance or not of a targeted second-look ultrasound (SLUS) prior breast MRI-guided biopsy. Methods We identified 158 women with MRI-detected breast lesions scheduled for MRI-guided biopsy (2007-2013). Patient demographics, performance of targeted SLUS, imaging characteristics, and subsequent pathology results were reviewed. Results Three biopsies were deferred, and 155 lesions were biopsied under MRI guidance (155 women; median age 55.14 years; range 27-80 years). Ninety-eight women underwent a SLUS prior to the MRI-guided biopsy (63%). Of the 155 biopsied lesions, 23 (15%) were malignant, 106 (68%) were benign, and 26 (17%) were high risk. Four of 15 surgically excised high-risk lesions were upgraded to malignancy (27%). Most of the biopsied lesions corresponded to non–mass-like enhancement (81%, 126 of 155) and most of the biopsies (52%, 81 of 155) were performed in a screening context. No demographic or MRI features were associated with malignancy. No differences were noted between the 2 subgroups (prior SLUS vs no prior SLUS) except for the presence of a synchronous carcinoma associated with a likelihood of targeted SLUS before MRI-guided biopsy ( P = .001). Conclusion A negative SLUS does not influence the pathology outcome of a suspicious lesion biopsied under MR guidance.
Institutional Inertia: Persistent Inefficient Institutions in Spain
Authors: Espín-Sánchez José-Antonio 
Published: August 2017

In 1966, after more than 700 years, the irrigation community in Mula (Spain) switched from auctions to quotas to allocate water from its river. This change happened in the absence of either political or technological change. Quotas were more efficient, but required that farmers own water property rights. I develop a model in which poor farmers cannot credibly commit to purchase water rights. I show that empirical evidence on savings and prices is consistent with this interpretation. A temporary increase in output prices in the 1950s and better financial institutions allowed farmers to accumulate savings and solve the commitment problem.“There is nothing more difficult to arrange, more doubtful of success, and more dangerous to carry through, than to initiate a new order of things.”Niccolò Machiavelli,The Prince
CDYL suppresses epileptogenesis in mice through repression of axonal Nav1.6 sodium channel expression
Authors: Liu Yongqing , Lai Shirong , Ma Weining , Ke Wei , Zhang Chan , Liu Shumeng , Zhang Yu , Pei Fei , Li Shaoyi , Yi Ming , Shu Yousheng , Shang Yongfeng , Liang Jing , Huang Zhuo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractImpairment of intrinsic plasticity is involved in a range of neurological disorders such as epilepsy. However, how intrinsic excitability is regulated is still not fully understood. Here we report that the epigenetic factor Chromodomain Y-like (CDYL) protein is a critical regulator of the initiation and maintenance of intrinsic neuroplasticity by regulating voltage-gated ion channels in mouse brains. CDYL binds to a regulatory element in the intron region of SCN8A and mainly recruits H3K27me3 activity for transcriptional repression of the gene. Knockdown of CDYL in hippocampal neurons results in augmented Nav1.6 currents, lower neuronal threshold, and increased seizure susceptibility, whereas transgenic mice over-expressing CDYL exhibit higher neuronal threshold and are less prone to epileptogenesis. Finally, examination of human brain tissues reveals decreased CDYL and increased SCN8A in the temporal lobe epilepsy group. Together, our findings indicate CDYL is a critical player for experience-dependent gene regulation in controlling intrinsic excitability.
Modifying electron transfer between photoredox and organocatalytic units via framework interpenetration for β-carbonyl functionalization
Authors: Xia Zhengqiang , He Cheng , Wang Xiaoge , Duan Chunying 
Published: August 2017

AbstractModifying electron transfer pathways is essential to controlling the regioselectivity of heterogeneous photochemical transformations relevant to saturated carbonyls, due to fixed catalytic sites. Here we show that the interpenetration of metal–organic frameworks that contain both photoredox and asymmetric catalytic units can adjust the separations and electron transfer process between them. The enforced close proximity between two active sites via framework interpenetration accelerates the electron transfer between the oxidized photosensitizer and enamine intermediate, enabling the generation of 5πe− β-enaminyl radicals before the intermediates couple with other active species, achieving β-functionalized carbonyl products. The enriched benzoate and iminium groups in the catalysts provide a suitable Lewis-acid/base environment to stabilize the active radicals, allowing the protocol described to advance the β-functionalization of saturated cyclic ketones with aryl ketones to deliver γ-hydroxyketone motifs. The homochiral environment of the pores within the recyclable frameworks provides additional spatial constraints to enhance the regioselectivity and enantioselectivity.
Release of free-volume bubbles by cooperative-rearrangement regions during the deposition growth of a colloidal glass
Authors: Cao Xin , Zhang Huijun , Han Yilong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVapor deposition can directly produce ultrastable glasses which are similar to conventional glasses aged over thousands of years. The highly mobile surface layer is believed to accelerate the ageing process of vapor-deposited glasses, but its microscopic kinetics have not been experimentally observed. Here we study the deposition growth kinetics of a two-dimensional colloidal glass at the single-particle level using video microscopy. We observe that newly deposited particles in the surface layer (depth, d < 14 particles) relax via out-of-cage diffusions of individual particles, while particles in the deeper middle layer (14 < d ≲ 100 particles) relax via activation of cooperative-rearrangement regions. These cooperative-rearrangement regions are much larger, more anisotropic and occur more frequently than cooperative-rearrangement regions in the bulk (d ≳ 100 particles) or after deposition. Cooperative-rearrangement regions move towards the surface and released free-volume bubbles at the surface, while the particles within cooperative-rearrangement regions move towards the bulk, resulting in a more compact bulk glass.
Hierarchically self-assembled hexagonal honeycomb and kagome superlattices of binary 1D colloids
Authors: Lim Sung-Hwan , Lee Taehoon , Oh Younghoon , Narayanan Theyencheri , Sung Bong June , Choi Sung-Min 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSynthesis of binary nanoparticle superlattices has attracted attention for a broad spectrum of potential applications. However, this has remained challenging for one-dimensional nanoparticle systems. In this study, we investigate the packing behavior of one-dimensional nanoparticles of different diameters into a hexagonally packed cylindrical micellar system and demonstrate that binary one-dimensional nanoparticle superlattices of two different symmetries can be obtained by tuning particle diameter and mixing ratios. The hexagonal arrays of one-dimensional nanoparticles are embedded in the honeycomb lattices (for AB2 type) or kagome lattices (for AB3 type) of micellar cylinders. The maximization of free volume entropy is considered as the main driving force for the formation of superlattices, which is well supported by our theoretical free energy calculations. Our approach provides a route for fabricating binary one-dimensional nanoparticle superlattices and may be applicable for inorganic one-dimensional nanoparticle systems.
Computer modeling defines the system driving a constant current crucial for homeostasis in the mammalian cochlea by integrating unique ion transports
Authors: Nin Fumiaki , Yoshida Takamasa , Murakami Shingo , Ogata Genki , Uetsuka Satoru , Choi Samuel , Doi Katsumi , Sawamura Seishiro , Inohara Hidenori , Komune Shizuo , Kurachi Yoshihisa , Hibino Hiroshi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe cochlear lateral wall—an epithelial-like tissue comprising inner and outer layers—maintains +80 mV in endolymph. This endocochlear potential supports hearing and represents the sum of all membrane potentials across apical and basolateral surfaces of both layers. The apical surfaces are governed by K+equilibrium potentials. Underlying extracellular and intracellular [K+] is likely controlled by the “circulation current,” which crosses the two layers and unidirectionally flows throughout the cochlea. This idea was conceptually reinforced by our computational model integrating ion channels and transporters; however, contribution of the outer layer’s basolateral surface remains unclear. Recent experiments showed that this basolateral surface transports K+using Na+, K+-ATPases and an unusual characteristic of greater permeability to Na+than to other ions. To determine whether and how these machineries are involved in the circulation current, we used an in silico approach. In our updated model, the outer layer’s basolateral surface was provided with only Na+, K+-ATPases, Na+conductance, and leak conductance. Under normal conditions, the circulation current was assumed to consist of K+and be driven predominantly by Na+, K+-ATPases. The model replicated the experimentally measured electrochemical properties in all compartments of the lateral wall, and endocochlear potential, under normal conditions and during blocking of Na+, K+-ATPases. Therefore, the circulation current across the outer layer’s basolateral surface depends primarily on the three ion transport mechanisms. During the blockage, the reduced circulation current partially consisted of transiently evoked Na+flow via the two conductances. This work defines the comprehensive system driving the circulation current.
Reactivation of HIV-1 from Latency by an Ingenol Derivative from Euphorbia Kansui
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Lu Panpan , Qu Xiying , Shen Yinzhong , Zeng Hanxian , Zhu Xiaoli , Zhu Yuqi , Li Xian , Wu Hao , Xu Jianqing , Lu Hongzhou , Ma Zhongjun , Zhu Huanzhang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCells harboring latent HIV-1 pose a major obstacle to eradication of the virus. The ‘shock and kill’ strategy has been broadly explored to purge the latent reservoir; however, none of the current latency-reversing agents (LRAs) can safely and effectively activate the latent virus in patients. In this study, we report an ingenol derivative called EK-16A, isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Euphorbia kansui, which displays great potential in reactivating latent HIV-1. A comparison of the doses used to measure the potency indicated EK-16A to be 200-fold more potent than prostratin in reactivating HIV-1 from latently infected cell lines. EK-16A also outperformed prostratin in ex vivo studies on cells from HIV-1-infected individuals, while maintaining minimal cytotoxicity effects on cell viability and T cell activation. Furthermore, EK-16A exhibited synergy with other LRAs in reactivating latent HIV-1. Mechanistic studies indicated EK-16A to be a PKCγ activator, which promoted both HIV-1 transcription initiation by NF-κB and elongation by P-TEFb signal pathways. Further investigations aimed to add this compound to the therapeutic arsenal for HIV-1 eradication are in the pipeline.
Improved Self-cleaning Properties of an Efficient and Easy to Scale up TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Adsorptive Self-Assembly
Authors: Isaifan Rima J. , Samara Ayman , Suwaileh Wafa , Johnson Daniel , Yiming Wubulikasimu , Abdallah Amir A. , Aïssa Brahim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTransparent titania coatings have self-cleaning and anti-reflection properties (AR) that are of great importance to minimize soiling effect on photovoltaic modules. In this work, TiO2 nanocolloids prepared by polyol reduction method were successfully used as coating thin films onto borosilicate glass substrates via adsorptive self-assembly process. The nanocolloids were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The average particle size was around 2.6 nm. The films which have an average thickness of 76.2 nm and refractive index of 1.51 showed distinctive anti soiling properties under desert environment. The film surface topography, uniformity, wettability, thickness and refractive index were characterized using x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle measurements and ellipsometry. The self-cleaning properties were investigated by optical microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The optical images show 56% reduction of dust deposition rate over the coated surfaces compared with bare glass substrates after 7 days of soiling. The transmission optical spectra of these films collected at normal incidence angle show high anti-reflection properties with the coated substrates having transmission loss of less than 6% compared to bare clean glass.
The Role of Periostin in the Occurrence and Progression of Eosinophilic Chronic Sinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Xu Ming , Chen Daishi , Zhou Haojie , Zhang Weiwei , Xu Jun , Chen Lei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a highly heterogeneous disease with different host defence responses. However, whether periostin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are similarly impaired in patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP (ENP) and those with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (nENP) remains unclear. We sought to evaluate the expression and possible modulation of periostin and VEGF, regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) and eotaxin-2 in the polyp tissues from 30 patients with ENP and from 36 patients with nENP and in middle turbinate tissues from 12 control subjects. We found that ENP tissues exhibited a significantly increased expression of periostin and VEGF compared with tissues from patients with nENP and control subjects (P < 0.05, respectively). Accordingly, the expression of VEGF, RANTES, and eotaxin-2 in ENP fibroblasts was significantly up-regulated after stimulation with up-regulated periostin in vitro, but the expression of VEGF and RANTES was significantly inhibited by stimulation with down-regulated periostin. Our findings suggest that periostin might play an important role in the occurrence and progression of ENP and might be a potential therapeutic target.
Multiple electron transporting layers and their excellent properties based on organic solar cell
Authors: Yang Ziyan , Zhang Ting , Li Jingyu , Xue Wei , Han Changfeng , Cheng Yuanyuan , Qian Lei , Cao Weiran , Yang Yixing , Chen Song 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo improve the performance of inverted polymer solar cells based on a ternary blend of polymerthieno [3,4-b] thiophene/benzodithiophene (PTB7), [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) and indene-C60-bisadduct (ICBA), a two-layer structure of zinc oxide (ZnO) and Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanoperticles is used to improve electron extraction. Comparing to ZnO, AZO has lower work function and thus provides larger built-in potential across the organic heterojunction, resulting in more efficient photo-current extraction and larger open circuit voltages. Optimum devices with ZnO/AZO nanoparticles show enhancement of both short circuit current and open circuit voltage, leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.85%. The argument of energy level buffering and surface morphology is discussed in the paper. Finally, using a trilayer electron transporting unit of ZnO/AZO/PFN, the interface dipole between the organic active layer and AZO is introduced. The PCE is further enhanced to 9.17%.
Insular atrophy at the prodromal stage of dementia with Lewy bodies: a VBM DARTEL study
Authors: Roquet Daniel , Noblet Vincent , Anthony Pierre , Philippi Nathalie , Demuynck Catherine , Cretin Benjamin , Martin-Hunyadi Catherine , Loureiro de Sousa Paulo , Blanc Frédéric 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDiffuse atrophy including the insula was previously demonstrated in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients but little is known about the prodromal stage of DLB (pro-DLB). In this prospective study, we used SPM8-DARTEL to measure gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) atrophy in pro-DLB patients (n = 54), prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (pro-AD) patients (n = 16), DLB patients at the stage of dementia (mild-DLB) (n = 15), and Alzheimer’s disease patients at the stage of dementia (mild-AD) (n = 28), and compared them with healthy elderly controls (HC, n = 22). Diminished GM volumes were found in bilateral insula in pro-DLB patients, a trend to significance in right hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus in pro-AD patients, in left insula in mild-DLB patients, and in medial temporal lobes and insula in mild-AD patients. The comparison between prodromal groups did not showed any differences. The comparison between groups with dementia revealed atrophy around the left middle temporal gyrus in mild-AD patients. Reduced WM volume was observed in mild-DLB in the pons. The insula seems to be a key region in DLB as early as the prodromal stage. MRI studies looking at perfusion, and functional and anatomical connectivity are now needed to better understand the role of this region in DLB.