bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Zones of Portraiture: The Selfie
Authors: Bruś Teresa 
Published: July 2017

In the “age of the selfie” (Jerry Saltz), we gauge the self as active. This paper proposes to engage the selfie as a dominant and enlarging practice of assertion and performance of lived existence. I align the selfie with the snapshot, making a point about their extraordinary cultural force and productivity determined by their distinctive economies and technical bases as well as cultural statuses. An expression of our desire to be visible in the social world, the selfie, I argue, is a sub-genre of portraiture which exposes and “proliferates” our face as an activity promising interaction. In the “post-face” phase of our culture this performative face is a surface of the visual present, always in the making.This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on May 24th 2016, and published on July 12th 2017.
The taxation of privately owned forest land in Canada: A review of the taxation systems in all ten provinces
Authors: Rotherham Tony 
Published: July 2017

Canada has 400 million ha of forest land. Only 25 million ha (5%) is in private ownership. This private forest land is generally divided in two categories: 450 000 private woodlots covering about 15 million ha in the settled regions of Canada and about 5 million ha in larger blocks owned by pension funds, investors, and forest products companies. The private woodlots are subject to municipal or provincial property taxes. The provinces use several approaches to determine the level of tax to be paid. In some cases, the tax system is used to provide an incentive to manage the land. The property tax system offers a policy tool to encourage active management of the land and help ensure a healthy, diverse, and productive forest that contributes forest-related ecological goods and services to the community as well as timber to the local economy. It is in the long-term interests of rural communities that land remains in production and that forested land is managed to maintain the forest in a healthy condition and produce both forest-related environmental goods and services and timber to support the rural economy. A well-designed property tax structure based on incentives that is accepted as fair and is supported by taxpayers can help to achieve these objectives. The survey of provincial property tax systems shows several approaches to the application of property tax systems on forest lands. Property tax systems applied to forest land that are based on incentives to actively manage the land and are coupled with financial assistance for tree planting on idle land offer simple and practical ways to keep rural land in production. This is particularly true of marginal/sub-marginal land that has been cleared but is no longer used for agricultural production. Incentives help to ensure that forested land is managed to maintain the forest in a healthy condition and produce forest-related environmental goods and services (EG&S) as well as timber to support the rural economy.
Changes in macular thickness after trabeculectomy with or without adjunctive 5-fluorouracil
Authors: Kadziauskienė Aistė , Strelkauskaitė Ernesta , Mockevičiūtė Eglė , Ašoklis Rimvydas , Lesinskas Eugenijus , Schmetterer Leopold 
Published: July 2017

Conflict of interest. None of the authors have any conflict of interest to declare, financial or otherwise. No financial or other support was received for the study.
Background. The aim of the study was to assess changes in macular thickness after trabeculectomy in respect to the use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as well as to analyse possible associations between the postoperative changes in macular thickness and intraocular pressure (IOP).
Materials and methods. The prospective observational study included 106 eyes (100 patients) with glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy with or without 5-FU. Subsequently 5-FU needling was performed if failure of the filtrating bleb occurred. Macular thickness and the IOP were evaluated before, one week, and six months after the surgery. The mean and sectoral macular thickness was assessed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.
Results. The mean (±SD) IOP reduced from 27.71 (±6.88) mmHg at baseline to 18.3 (±8.1) mmHg one week (p
Prediction of protein function using a deep convolutional neural network ensemble
Authors: Zacharaki Evangelia I. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThe availability of large databases containing high resolution three-dimensional (3D) models of proteins in conjunction with functional annotation allows the exploitation of advanced supervised machine learning techniques for automatic protein function prediction.MethodsIn this work, novel shape features are extracted representing protein structure in the form of local (per amino acid) distribution of angles and amino acid distances, respectively. Each of the multi-channel feature maps is introduced into a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for function prediction and the outputs are fused through support vector machines or a correlation-based k-nearest neighbor classifier. Two different architectures are investigated employing either one CNN per multi-channel feature set, or one CNN per image channel.ResultsCross validation experiments on single-functional enzymes (n = 44,661) from the PDB database achieved 90.1% correct classification, demonstrating an improvement over previous results on the same dataset when sequence similarity was not considered.DiscussionThe automatic prediction of protein function can provide quick annotations on extensive datasets opening the path for relevant applications, such as pharmacological target identification. The proposed method shows promise for structure-based protein function prediction, but sufficient data may not yet be available to properly assess the method’s performance on non-homologous proteins and thus reduce the confounding factor of evolutionary relationships.
Thermal structure of the Kanto region, Japan
Authors: Wada Ikuko , He Jiangheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUsing a 3‐D numerical thermal model, we investigate the thermal structure of the Kanto region of Japan where two oceanic plates subduct. In a typical subduction setting with one subducting slab, the motion of the slab drives solid‐state mantle flow in the overlying mantle wedge, bringing in hot mantle from the back‐arc toward the forearc. Beneath Kanto, however, the presence of the subducting Philippine Sea plate between the overlying North American plate and the subducting Pacific plate prevents a typical mantle wedge flow pattern, resulting in a cooler condition. Further, frictional heating and the along‐margin variation in the maximum depth of slab‐mantle decoupling along the Pacific slab surface affect the thermal structure significantly. The model provides quantitative estimates of spatial variations in the temperature condition that are consistent with the observed surface heat flow pattern and distributions of interplate seismicity and arc volcanoes in Kanto.
Advancing atmospheric river forecasts into subseasonal‐to‐seasonal time scales
Authors: Baggett Cory F. , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Maloney Eric D. , Mundhenk Bryan D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAtmospheric rivers are elongated plumes of intense moisture transport that are capable of producing extreme and impactful weather. Along the West Coast of North America, they occasionally cause considerable mayhem—delivering flooding rains during periods of heightened activity and desiccating droughts during periods of reduced activity. The intrinsic chaos of the atmosphere makes the prediction of atmospheric rivers at subseasonal‐to‐seasonal time scales (3 to 5 weeks) an inherently difficult task. We demonstrate here that the potential exists to advance forecast lead times of atmospheric rivers into subseasonal‐to‐seasonal time scales through knowledge of two of the atmosphere's most prominent oscillations, the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) and the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO). Strong MJO and QBO activity modulates the frequency at which atmospheric rivers strike—offering an opportunity to improve subseasonal‐to‐seasonal forecast models and thereby skillfully predict atmospheric river activity up to 5 weeks in advance.
Dependence of secondary crater characteristics on downrange distance: High‐resolution morphometry and simulations
Authors: Watters Wesley A. , Hundal Carol B. , Radford Arden , Collins Gareth S. , Tornabene Livio L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOn average, secondary impact craters are expected to deepen and become more symmetric as impact velocity (vi) increases with downrange distance (L). We have used high‐resolution topography (1–2 m/pixel) to characterize the morphometry of secondary craters as a function of L for several well‐preserved primary craters on Mars. The secondaries in this study (N = 2644) span a range of diameters (25 m ≤D≤400 m) and estimated impact velocities (0.4 km/s ≤vi≤2 km/s). The range of diameter‐normalized rim‐to‐floor depth (d/D) broadens and reaches a ceiling of d/D≈0.22 at L≈280 km (vi= 1–1.2 km/s), whereas average rim height shows little dependence on vi for the largest craters (h/D≈0.02, D > 60 m). Populations of secondaries that express the following morphometric asymmetries are confined to regions of differing radial extent: planform elongations (L< 110–160 km), taller downrange rims (L < 280 km), and cavities that are deeper uprange (L< 450–500 km). Populations of secondaries with lopsided ejecta were found to extend to at least L ∼ 700 km. Impact hydrocode simulations with iSALE‐2D for strong, intact projectile and target materials predict a ceiling for d/D versus L whose trend is consistent with our measurements. This study illuminates the morphometric transition from subsonic to hypervelocity cratering and describes the initial state of secondary crater populations. This has applications to understanding the chronology of planetary surfaces and the long‐term evolution of small crater populations.
Surface‐Modified Mesh Filter for Direct Nucleic Acid Extraction and its Application to Gene Expression Analysis
Authors: You Jae Bem , Kim Yong Tae , Lee Kyoung G. , Choi Yunho , Choi Seongkyun , Kim Chi Hyun , Kim Kyung Hoon , Chang Sung Jin , Lee Tae Jae , Lee Seok Jae , Im Sung Gap 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRapid and convenient isolation of nucleic acids (NAs) from cell lysate plays a key role for onsite gene expression analysis. Here, this study achieves one‐step and efficient capture of NA directly from cell lysate by developing a cationic surface‐modified mesh filter (SMF). By depositing cationic polymer via vapor‐phase deposition process, strong charge interaction is introduced on the surface of the SMF to capture the negatively charged NAs. The NA capturing capability of SMF is confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fluorescent microscopy, and zeta potential measurement. In addition, the genomic DNAs of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 can be extracted by the SMF from artificially infected food, and fluorescent signal is observed on the surface of SMF after amplification of target gene. The proposed SMF is able to provide a more simplified, convenient, and fast extraction method and can be applied to the fields of food safety testing, clinical diagnosis, or environmental pollutant monitoring.
Cation Exchange‐Induced Dimensionality Construction: From Monolayered to Multilayered 2D Single Crystal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Yu Dejian , Cai Bo , Cao Fei , Li Xiaoming , Liu Xuhai , Zhu Ying , Ji Jianping , Gu Yu , Zeng Haibo 
Published: July 2017

Abstract2D structure endows halide perovskites with both excellent optoelectronic properties and remarkable stability. Because halide perovskite such as CsPbBr3 fits a 3D crystallographic structure, engineering toward 2D structure requires trivial and delicate control. Besides, poor crystallinity and small lateral size are usually accompanied. Here, we report a cation exchange‐induced dimensionality construction strategy, based on which high‐quality multilayered 2D perovskite single crystals are constructed with monolayered OA2PbBr4 (OA is in short for octadecylamine). Due to the 2D characteristic of OA2PbBr4 structure, it spontaneously grows into several micrometers laterally at room temperature with high crystallinity, the large size as well as the high crystallinity is then handed down to resulted multilayered 2D cesium lead halide perovskites via a cation exchange strategy. Specifically, intended exchange of OA+ with Cs+ in OA2PbBr4 releases the [PbBr6] sublayers previously sandwiched by OA+ bilayers. Cs+ suits a 3D perovskite structure and therefore assembles the [PbBr6] sublayers to form single crystal multilayered 2D cesium lead halide perovskites. The superior optoelectronic properties of resulted 2D cesium lead halide perovskites are exhibited by planar photodetectors that achieve ultrahigh external quantum yield and responsivity up to 11 050% and 44 A W−1. Besides, extremely short rise/decay time of 7.1/45 µs is also obtained.
Hierarchical Nanostructures: Design for Sustainable Water Splitting
Authors: Fang Ming , Dong Guofa , Wei Renjie , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractClean and sustainable hydrogen generation renders a magnificent prospect to fulfill the humans' dream of rebuilding energy supplying systems that work eternally and run without pollution. Water electrolysis driven by a renewable resource of energy, such as wind and solar, is a promising pathway to achieve this goal, which requires highly active and cost‐effective electrode materials to be developed. In this comprehensive review, we introduce the utilization of hierarchical nanostructures in electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical applications. The unique emphasis is given on the synthetic strategies of attaining these hierarchical structures as well as to demonstrate their corresponding mechanisms for performance improvement. Rather than simply discussing all the methods that can be used in nanofabrication, we focus on extracting the rules for structural design based on highly accessible and reliable methods. Examples are given to illustrate the versatility of these methods in the synthesis and manipulation of hierarchical nanostructures, which are concentrated on nonprecious transition metals or their alloys/compounds. Through this study, we aim to establish valuable guidelines and provide further insights for researchers to facilitate their design of more efficient water splitting systems in the future.
Toward Soft Skin‐Like Wearable and Implantable Energy Devices
Authors: Gong Shu , Cheng Wenlong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe development of ultra‐compliant power sources is crucial for their seamless integration with next‐generation skin‐like wearable and implantable biomedical systems for long‐term health monitoring. Toward this goal, stretchable energy storage and conversion devices (ESCDs), including supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), solar cells, and generators are now attracting intensive worldwide research efforts. The purpose of this review is to discuss the latest achievements in the development of such stretchable energy devices in the context of biomedical applications. We first review the viable strategies and methodologies of fabricating stretchable energy storage and conversion devices. Then, we focus on description of various types of soft energy devices from a materials point of view. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in the design of truly conformal soft energy systems, including various key parameters, such as energy density, stability, and scalability.
Efficiency Exceeding 11% in Tandem Polymer Solar Cells Employing High Open‐Circuit Voltage Wide‐Bandgap π‐Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Song Seyeong , Kranthiraja Kakaraparthi , Heo Jungwoo , Kim Taehyo , Walker Bright , Jin Sung‐Ho , Kim Jin Young 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe emerging field of tandem polymer solar cells (TPSCs) enables a feasible approach to deal with the fundamental losses associated with single‐junction polymer solar cells (PSCs) and provides the opportunity to propel their overall performance. Additionally, the rational selection of appropriate subcell photoactive polymers with complementary absorption profiles and optimal thicknesses to achieve balanced photocurrent generation are very important issues which must be addressed in order to realize paramount device performance. Here, two side chain fluorinated wide‐bandgap π‐conjugated polymers P1 (2F) and P2 (4F) in TPSCs have been used. These π‐conjugated polymers have high absorption coefficients and deep highest occupied molecular orbitals which lead to high open‐circuit voltages (Voc) of 0.91 and 1.00 V, respectively. Using these π‐conjugated polymers, TPSCs have been successfully fabricated by combining P1 or P2 as front cells with PTB7‐Th as back cells. The optimized TPSCs deliver outstanding power conversion efficiencies of 11.42 and 10.05%, with high Voc's of 1.64 and 1.72 V, respectively. These results are analyzed by balance of charge mobilities, and optical and electrical modeling is combined to demonstrate simultaneous improvement in all photovoltaic parameters in TPSCs.
Neandertal talus bones from El Sidrón site (Asturias, Spain): A 3D geometric morphometrics analysis
Authors: Rosas Antonio , Ferrando Anabel , Bastir Markus , García‐Tabernero Antonio , Estalrrich Almudena , Huguet Rosa , García‐Martínez Daniel , Pastor Juan Francisco , de la Rasilla Marco 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe El Sidrón tali sample is assessed in an evolutionary framework. We aim to explore the relationship between Neandertal talus morphology and body size/shape. We test the hypothesis 1: talar Neandertal traits are influenced by body size, and the hypothesis 2: shape variables independent of body size correspond to inherited primitive features.Materials and methodsWe quantify 35 landmarks through 3D geometric morphometrics techniques to describe H. neanderthalensis‐H. sapiens shape variation, by Mean Shape Comparisons, Principal Component, Phenetic Clusters, Minimum spanning tree analyses and partial least square and regression of talus shape on body variables. Shape variation correlated to body size is compared to Neandertals‐Modern Humans (MH) evolutionary shape variation. The Neandertal sample is compared to early hominins.ResultsNeandertal talus presents trochlear hypertrophy, a larger equality of trochlear rims, a shorter neck, a more expanded head, curvature and an anterior location of the medial malleolar facet, an expanded and projected lateral malleolar facet and laterally expanded posterior calcaneal facet compared to MH.DiscussionThe Neandertal talocrural joint morphology is influenced by body size. The other Neandertal talus traits do not co‐vary with it or not follow the same co‐variation pattern as MH. Besides, the trochlear hypertrophy, the trochlear rims equality and the short neck could be inherited primitive features; the medial malleolar facet morphology could be an inherited primitive feature or a secondarily primitive trait; and the calcaneal posterior facet would be an autapomorphic feature of the Neandertal lineage.
A Self‐Sacrificing N‐Methyltransferase Is the Precursor of the Fungal Natural Product Omphalotin
Authors: Ramm Sascha , Krawczyk Bartlomiej , Mühlenweg Agnes , Poch Annette , Mösker Eva , Süssmuth Roderich D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractResearch on ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) has led to an increasing understanding of biosynthetic mechanisms, mostly drawn from bacterial examples. In contrast, reports on RiPPs from fungal producers, apart from the amanitins and phalloidins, are still scarce. The fungal cyclopeptide omphalotin A carries multiple N‐methylations on the peptide backbone, a modification previously known only from nonribosomal peptides. Mining the genome of the omphalotin‐producing fungus for a precursor peptide led to the identification of two biosynthesis genes, one encoding a methyltransferase OphMA that catalyzes the automethylation of its C‐terminus, which is then released and cyclized by the protease OphP. Our findings suggest a novel biosynthesis mechanism for a RiPP in which a modifying enzyme bears its own precursor peptide.
Copper nanoparticles incorporated on a mesoporous carbon nitride, an excellent catalyst in the Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition and N‐arylation of N‐heterocycles
Authors: Kazemi Movahed Siyavash , Salari Parinaz , Kasmaei Melika , Armaghan Mahsa , Dabiri Minoo , Amini Mostafa M. 
Published: July 2017

Cu nanoparticles with average particles size around 10 nm were incorporated on the surface of a mesoporous carbon nitride support. The XRD and N2 adsorption isotherms show that it maintains a hexagonal mesoporous structure with a high surface area (600.03 m2 g−1). The embedded Cu nanoparticles exhibit extremely high catalytic performance in two different kinds of organic reactions. The Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition and N‐arylation of N‐heterocycles were all accomplished.
Separation of Highly Resistive Dusts in an Electrostatic Precipitator with Low‐Frequency AC Voltage
Authors: Aleksin Yury , Riebel Ulrich , Kurtsiefer Rolf , Ribbeck Jörg 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAufgrund des auftretenden Rücksprühens ist die Abscheidung von Partikeln mit hohem spezifischem elektrischem Widerstand in Elektroabscheidern (EAs) schwierig. Die Stromaufnahme des EAs ist dann deutlich erhöht, und es treten unzulässig hohe Emissionen der Stäube auf. Hier wird ein neuartiger Ansatz zur Abscheidung hochohmiger Stäube mit dem EA beschrieben. Der effektive elektrische Widerstand der Staubschicht kann durch den Einsatz von niederfrequenter Wechselspannung modifiziert werden, wodurch die Abscheidegrade deutlich verbessert werden. Das neue Verfahren wurde mit verschiedenen hochohmigen Stäuben in einem Draht/Rohr‐EA getestet.
Rational Design, Development, and Stability Assessment of a Macrocyclic Four‐Hydroxamate‐Bearing Bifunctional Chelating Agent for 89Zr
Authors: Seibold Uwe , Wängler Björn , Wängler Carmen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractZirconium‐89 is a positron‐emitting radionuclide of high interest for medical imaging applications with positron emission tomography (PET). For the introduction of this radiometal into biologically active targeting vectors, the chelating agent desferrioxamine B (DFO) is commonly applied. However, DFO is known to form 89Zr complexes of limited in vivo stability. Herein we describe the rational design and chemical development of a new macrocyclic four‐hydroxamate‐bearing chelating agent—1,10,19,28‐tetrahydroxy‐1,5,10,14,19,23,28,32‐octaazacyclohexatriacontan‐2,6,11,15,20,24,29,33‐octaone (CTH36)—for the stable complexation of Zr4+. For this purpose, we first performed computational studies to determine the optimal chelator geometry before we developed different synthesis pathways toward the target structures. The best results were obtained using an efficient solution‐phase‐based synthesis strategy toward the target chelating agent. To enable efficient and chemoselective conjugation to biomolecules, a tetrazine‐modified variant of CTH36 was also developed. The excellent conjugation characteristics of the so‐functionalized chelator were demonstrated on the example of the model peptide TCO‐c(RGDfK). We determined the optimal 89Zr radiolabeling parameters for CTH36 as well as its bioconjugate, and found that 89Zr radiolabeling proceeds efficiently under very mild reaction conditions. Finally, we performed comparative complex stability tests for 89Zr–CHT36–c(RGDfK) and 89Zr–DFO–c(RGDfK), showing improved complex stability for the newly developed chelator CTH36.