bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ELEMENTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: PRINCIPLES OF IN-TEGRATION AND SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION
Authors: G. Wibisana Andri 
Published: December 2016

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations. However, that concept lacks of clarity, which leads to various interpretations. Scholars have argued that the definition of sustainable development can be explained into four elements, namely the integration principle, sustainable use, intra-generational equity, and inter-generational equity. It analyses the elements of integration and sustainable using both legal and non-legal perspectives and shows how the elements have been recognized in various legal documents, while finds that various international commitments have indicated the growing concerns for conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Pembangunan berkelanjutan adalah pembangunan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan generasi sekarang tanpa mengganggu kemampuan generasi yang akan datang. Definisi pembangunan berkelanjutan dibagi menjadi 4 (empat), yaitu prinsip integrasi, pemanfaatan secara berkelanjutan, keadilan intra generasi, dan keadilan antar generasi. Artikel ini menganalisis prinsip integrasi dan pemanfaatan berkelanjutan. Artikel ini memandang bahwa prinsip integrasi harus diinterpretasikan dalam kerangka perlindungan lingkungan, sehingga memperoleh prioritas guna menyeimbangkan antara kebutuhan perlindungan lingkungan dengan kebutuhan akan pembangunan. Di samping itu, meskipun terdapat berbagai penafsiran mengenai pemanfaatan berkelanjutan, namun pengakuan tentang pemanfaatan berkelanjutan cukup untuk menunjukkan adanya peningkatan perhatian terhadap pemanfaatan berkelanjutan atas sumber daya lingkungan.
INTERPRETATION OF SYIQAQAND ITS PROCEDURAL LAW AT RELIGIOUS COURT IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Ilhami Haniah 
Published: December 2016

The objective of this research is to identify the interpretation of syiqaq as a legal reason in divorce lawsuit and its procedural law implemented by the Religious Courts in Yogyakarta. This is an empirical normative research, using the literature research method and field research through Focus Group Discussion (FGD). This research found that syiqaq is interpreted as a specific form of an endless quarrelling which caused danger for either husband or wife. In practice, judges combine procedural law in divorce lawsuit based on syiqaq into the procedural law in other legal reason. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interpretasi syiqaqsebagai alasan gugatan cerai oleh hakim dan praktek hukum acara penyelesaian perkara perceraian dengan alasan syiqaqyang diterapkan pada Pengadilan Agama di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif empiris, menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan melalui kegiatan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa syiqaqdiinterpretasikan sebagai perselisihan dan percekcokan antara suami istri yang telah menimbulkan bahaya mengancam baik pada para pihak. Dalam prakteknya, hakim menggabungkan proses acara penyelesaian perkara perceraian dengan menggunakan alasan syiqaqke dalam proses beracara untuk perkara yang menggunakan alasan perselisihan terus menerus.
KAJIAN TENTANG PENGATURAN SYARAT KEPAILITAN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 37 TAHUN 2004
Authors: Wijayanta Tata 
Published: December 2016

Article 2 paragraph (1) of the Act Number 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Postponement of the Debt Payment Obligation does not stipulate the minimum amount of the debt for declaring a state of bankruptcy but only requires the existence of two debtors where one of the debts are found overdue. The Act that the only considerable condition has been ‘the unwillingness to pay the obligation” instead of the “incapability to pay” of the debtor. Also, the minimum amount of the debt must be determined in order to avoid another court decisions that awarded the request of bankruptcy whereas the debtor is actually capable to pay the obligation. Pasal 2 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang tidak mengatur minimal jumlah utang untuk mengajukan permohonan pailit. Untuk mengajukan kepailitan hanya diperlukan dua orang kreditur dan salah satu utangnya tidak dibayar pada waktunya, sehingga hanya mendasarkan pada ketidakmauan (unwilling) dari si debitur dan bukan pada kemampuan (unable) debitur dalam membayar utang. Minimal jumlah utang ini perlu diatur sehingga kemudian tidak akan terjadi lagi putusan-putusan kepailitan terhadap debitur yang sebenarnya mampu dalam membayar utang.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA SUMBER DAYA ALAM
Authors: Satria Hariman 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn ius constitutum of Natural Resources, the liability of corporate criminal, in any case, has been set in fve laws. First, fsheries and forestry law have similar formulation that corporations act as makers–undertakers are convicted. Second, plantation law, corporations act as makers –the corporations are convicted. Third, environmental law, corporations as makers –the corporation and the orderer are convicted. Fourth, mineral and coal mining law, corporations as makers –the board and the corporation are convicted. Indeed, there are inconsistencies in the regulation of corporate criminal liability in natural resources sector resulting in legal uncertainty.IntisariDalam ius constitutum SDA, paling tidak pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi diatur oleh lima undangundang. Pertama UU perikanan dan kehutanan memiliki rumusan yang sama bahwa korporasi sebagai pembuat–pengurus dipidana. Kedua, UU perkebunan, korporasi sebagai pembuat–korporasi dipidana. Ketiga, UU lingkungan hidup, korporasi sebagai pembuat–korporasi dan orang yang memberi perintah dipidana. Keempat, UU minerba, korporasi sebagai pembuat–pengurus dan korporasi yang dipidana. Tegasnya ada inkonsistensi dalam pengaturan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi di sektor SDA sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum.
ANALISIS YURIDIS AKAD TABARRU’ DAN AKAD TIJARAH DALAM PRODUK UNIT LINK SYARIAH
Authors: Nugraheni Destri Budi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA Polis syaria unit­linked PT. AXA Financial Indonesia, PT. Prudential Life Assurance, and PT. Takaful Keluarga, has not been fully put things in accordance with the contract tabarru DSN and Minister of Finance Regulation No. 18/PMK.010/2010 that is related to the rights and obligations of participants collectively. Akad tijarah used in syaria unit­linked is wakalah bil ujrah containing authorization to the company as vice policyholders to manage Tabarru ‘and or investment fund, in return for a ujrah. Endorsee as a corporate investment fund management is not responsible for investment losses due to policyholders have chosen the type of investment and know the risks of this type of investment.IntisariPolis unit link syariah PT. AXA Financial Indonesia, PT. Prudential Life Assurance, dan PT. Takaful Keluarga, belum sepenuhnya mencantumkan hal-hal dalam akad tabarru’ sesuai ketentuan Fatwa DSN dan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 18/PMK.010/2010 yaitu terkait hak dan kewajiban peserta secara kolektif. Akad tijarah yang dipergunakan adalah akad wakalah bil ujrah yang berisi pemberian kuasa kepada perusahaan sebagai wakil pemegang polis untuk mengelola Dana Tabarru’ dan atau dana investasi, dengan imbalan berupa ujrah. Perusahaan selaku penerima kuasa pengelolaan dana investasi tidak bertanggung jawab terhadap kerugian investasi dikarenakan pemegang polis telah memilih jenis investasi dan mengetahui risiko dari jenis investasi tersebut.
POST-DIVORCE PATERNAL CUSTODIAL RIGHTS OF UNDERAGE CHILDREN: LEGAL ANTHROPOLOGY REVIEW
Authors: Triratnawati Atik 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis papers discusses the trend of custodial rights of underage children that fall to the fathers after divorce. The Legal Anthropology Study is conducted by interviewing 15 (ffteen) divorced couples wherein custody fell to the fathers. The tendency of granting custody to the fathers is motivated by several factors from the wives: affairs, ill temperaments, neglectful of children, animosity with the in­laws, and the desire to divorce quickly without the burden to care for children. Fathers accept the responsibility as the caregiver of children to show his economic capability; to easily oversee the development of children; to facilitate their daughters when they require custodians for their marriage as well as to provide affections. In caring for children, fathers are assisted by relatives.Intisari Tulisan ini membahas tren hak asuh anak di bawah umur pasca perceraian jatuh di tangan bapak. Studi Antropologi Hukum dilakukan dengan mewawancara 15 pasangan cerai dengan hak pengasuhan jatuh ke tangan bapak. Kecenderungan pengasuhan anak ke tangan bapak dilatarbelakangi faktor istri: selingkuh, tabiat buruk, penelantaran anak, bermusuhan pada mertua perempuan, ingin cepat bercerai tanpa beban mengasuh anak. Bapak menerima tanggung jawab sebagai pengasuh anak karena ingin menunjukkan bahwa ia mampu secara ekonomi; agar mudah mengawasi tumbuh kembang anak; memudahkan saat anak perempuannya nanti membutuhkan dirinya sebagai wali nikah serta ingin mencurahkan kasih sayang. Bapak mengasuh anak dengan bantuan kerabatnya.
PENGELOLAAN KUTU KEBUL (Bemisia tabaci Gen.) DENGAN SISTEM BARIER PADA TANAMAN TEMBAKAU (MANAGEMENT WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci Gen.) WITH TOBACCO PLANTS BARRIER SYSTEM)
Authors: Aji Tri Maruto , Hartono Sedyo , Sulandari Sri 
Published: December 2016

Since 2009, the leaf curl disease was observed on tobacco plants grown under net shadow of PTPN X (Persero) and has caused yield losses up to 70%. The disease was likely to be associated with the existence of a high population of the sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.) and the symptoms resembled that reported for Begomovirus infection on eggplant and tomatoes. This study aimed to know the effectiveness of physical barriers in combination with a biological barrier to avoidB. tabaci in infesting the farm. The research was done by monitoring tobacco diseases to measure the diseases intensity. Research for the management of insect vectorsB. tabaci were done based on two pretexts: (1) physical barrier using the type of net; and (2) combinations of a net with a plant (corn belt). The result showed that an effective control was obtained using a net with higher mesh size rather than using a standard net with low mesh size which was presently used by PTPN X (Persero). Corn barrier did not effective to controlB. tabaci except as a wind breaker.Keywords: barrier system, Begomovirus,Bemisia tabaci, leaf curl, tobaccoPeningkatan populasi kutu kebul (B. tabaci Gen.) di daerah Klaten, Jawa Tengah pada tahun 2009 ternyata menjadi penyebab mewabahnya penyakit kerupuk pada tanaman Solanaceae di wilayah tersebut. Tanaman tembakau cerutu Vorstenlanden milik PTPN X (Persero) yang ditanam di area bawah naungan (TBN) yang berada di wilayah tersebut turut terjangkit wabah penyakit kerupuk setelah sebelumnya terindikasi terjadi peningkatan jumlah kutu kebul. Wabah penyakit kerupuk pada tembakau cerutu Vorstenlanden milik PTPN X (Persero) telah menurunkan hasil hingga 70%. Gejala penyakit pada tembakau berupa penyakit kerupuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan barier fisik sebagai langkah awal untuk mengendalikan populasi kutu kebul pada pertanaman tembakau cerutu milik PTPN X (Persero). Penelitian dimulai dengan memonitoring populasi kutu kebul dan peningkatan intensitas penyakit kerupuk pada tanaman tembakau. Percobaan dilakukan secara demplot pada lahan pertanaman tembakau di wilayah PTPN X (Persero). Teknis budidaya tembakau seluruhnya mengikuti Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) dari PTPN X (Persero), sedangkan untuk strategi pengendalian kutu kebul dilaksanakan dengan mengikuti 2 macam perlakuan yaitu ; (1) penerapan sistem barier tunggal berupa kelambu (bermesh rapat) dan kelambu standar dari PTPN X sebagai barier fisik (2) penerapan sistem barier ganda yaitu kombinasi barier fisik dan barier biologis berupa tanaman jagung penghalang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sistem barier baik tunggal maupun ganda dapat menekan populasi kutu kebul sehingga berdampak pada penurunan intensitas penyakit kerupuk pada tembakau.Kata kunci: Begomovirus, Bemisia tabaci, penyakit kerupuk, sistem barier, tembakau
KERAGAMAN GENETIK Metarhizium anisopliae DAN VIRULENSINYA PADA LARVA KUMBANG BADAK (Oryctes rhinoceros) (GENETIC DIVERSITY of Metarhizium anisopliae AND VIRULENCE TOWARD LARVAE OF RHINOCEROS BEETLE (Oryctes rhinoceros))
Authors: Bintang Aisyah Surya , Wibowo Arif , Harjaka Tri 
Published: December 2016

Rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) is one of the important pests of coconut tree. One of eco-friendly control applied for this pest is by using entomopathogenic fungiMetarhizium anisopliae. There is not much information about the variability and virulence ofM. anisopliae toward O. rhinoceros. M. anisopliae isolates obtained from Biological Control Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada were cultured on PDA medium.M. anisopliae isolates was isolated from O. rhinoceros larvae (MaOr), Lepidiota stigma larvae (MaLs), Brontispa longissima beetle (MaBl).O. rhinoceros beetles were obtained from Kulon Progo, DIY. This study used molecular test, and virulence test toward 3rd stadium of O. rhinoceros larvae by using dipping method. Molecular test by sequence and phylogenetic analysis, showed that MaOr was located at different group (out group) with MaLs and MaBr. On the density 107 conidium/ml MaOr and MaLs were more virulent than MaBl towards 3rd stadium of O. rhinoceros larvae.Keywords: genetic diversity, Metarhizium anisopliae, Oryctes rhinoceros, virulenceKumbang badak (Oryctes rhinoceros) merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman kelapa. Salah satu upaya pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan adalah dengan menggunakan jamur entomopatogen, yakni Metarhizium anisopliae. Belum banyak diketahui mengenai keragaman dan juga virulensi dari M. anisopliae terhadap O. rhinoceros. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik M. anisopliae dan virulensinya pada larvakumbang badak. Isolat yang digunakan berasal dari Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada dalam bentuk kultur murni pada medium PDA. Isolat yang gunakan diisolasi dari larvaOryctes rhinoceros (MaOr), larva Lepidiota stigma (MaLs), dan kumbang Brontispa longissima (MaBl). Serangga yang diuji berasal dari daerah Kulon Progo, DIY. Pengujian secara molekuler dengan analisis sekuensing dan filogenetik, menunjukkan bahwa isolat MaOr terletak pada grup yang berbeda dengan MaLs dan MaBl berdasarkan pada urutan basa DNA. Pada kerapatan 107 konidium/ml isolat MaOr dan MaLs lebih virulen terhadap larva O. rhinoceros instar 3 dibandingkan dengan MaBl.Kata kunci: keragaman genetik, Metarhizium anisopliae, Oryctes rhinoceros, virulensi
INTENSITAS CEMARAN JAMUR PADA BIJI JAGUNG PAKAN TERNAK SELAMA PERIODE PENYIMPANAN (INTENSITY OF FUNGAL CONTAMINATION ON CATTLE-FEED MAIZE DURING STORAGE PERIOD)
Authors: Puspitasari Destania Putri Indah , Widiastuti Ani , Wibowo Arif , Priyatmojo Achmadi 
Published: December 2016

This research aimed to know the intensity of fungal contamination in maize grain cattle-feed during storage. Five kilogram of grain sample were collected from Klaten, Sleman, and Muntilan, then stored at CV. Ragil Jaya’s warehousefor two months. Every two weeks the water content were measured and the grain were tested using PDA and blotter methods. Incubation during isolation process were conducted for seven days at 12 hour darkness and 12 hour light. Results showed that dominant fungal contamination from Klaten, Sleman, and Muntilan wasAspergillus sp. As2 isolate with contamination intensity as much as 89% (blotter), 73% (PDA), and 44% (blotter). The results also showed that factors which influenced the intensity of fungal contamination in cattle-feed maize is the grain condition before storage such as broken grain, dirt, and insect; and not caused by the planting location. Keywords: dominant fungal contamination intensity, maize, storage periodePenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui intensitas cemaran jamur dominan pada biji jagung yang digunakan sebagai pakan ternak selama penyimpanan. Biji jagung pakan ternak dari Klaten, Sleman, dan Muntilan sebanyak 5 kg disimpan di gudang CV. Ragil Jaya, Magelang selama 2 bulan. Pengukuran kadar air dilakukan setiap 2 minggu dan kemudian diuji dengan metode PDA danblotter untuk mengetahui cemaran jamur pada biji jagung. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari sampel biji jagung pakan ternak yang berasal dari Klaten, Sleman, dan Muntilan, jamur cemaran yang mendominasi, yaitu Aspergillus sp. isolat As2 dengan intensitas cemaran jamur tertinggi di daerah Klaten 89% (blotter), Sleman 73% (PDA), dan Muntilan 44% (blotter). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa hal yang mempengaruhi intensitas cemaran jamur pada jagung pakan ternak adalah kondisi awal bahan yang disimpan yaitu ada tidaknya kerusakan, kotoran, dan serangga; bukan lokasi penanaman jagung.Kata kunci: intensitas cemaran jamur dominan, jagung, periode penyimpanan
‘Whisper — Status code: No entity found’
Authors: Eckermann Sylvia , Nestler Gerald 
Published: December 2016

Abstract2K-single channel video, colour, 2.1 sound, 4:49 min., 2016. Video and audio: Eckermann/Text: Nestler. Sylvia Eckermann is an Austrian artist whose critical reflections engage with our (in)dividual entanglement in socio-political situations. Eckermann works with various media including digital and physical environments, game mods, installations, videos, objects and sculptures. Her work has been shown internationally since 1989. Among other grants and awards, she is the first recipient of the City of Vienna Award for Media Art (2014). Gerald Nestler is an artist and writer (and sometimes curator) who combines theory and conversation with installation, performance, video, sound, text and speech to explore what he calls the 'derivative condition' of contemporary life
El gobierno electrónico en las administraciones tributarias de América Latina
Authors: Católico Segura Diego Fernando , Suárez Barreto Sindy Yomari , Velandia Espitia Johanna Patricia 
Published: December 2016

En la última decada el gobierno electrónico ha cobrado relevancia en el sector público y se ha configurado en una estrategia orientada a la transformación de los gobiernos, ya que posibilita un mayor acceso a la información pública, mejora la participacion ciudadana en los asuntos públicos, hace más eficiente la forma de prestar sus servicios y contribuye en una comunicacion de doble via entre el Estado y los ciudadanos, a partir del uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. En este sentido, las instituciones públicas de América Latina no han sido ajenas a esta tendencia y, de manera particular, sus administraciones tributarias se han visto afectadas por esta estrategia. El presente artículo analiza el grado de avance del gobierno electrónico en dichas entidades en lo que se refiere al acceso a la información, considerando aquella publicada en los sitios web de las administraciones tributarias de Amercia Latina. Los resultados muestran que el grado de acceso a la informacion de las entidades objeto de estudio es parcial, ya que se obtiene una nota de nivel medio, lo que denota un riesgo de corrupción dada la falta de transparencia en su gestión y una escasa rendicion de cuentas, impidiendo un control social efectivo.
On the Edge of Prison Existence – Convicted “Dodgers” in the Lens of the Subcultural Look
Authors: Przybyliński Sławomir 
Published: December 2016

The article deals with the prison subculture as a side and destructive phenomenon, which has been observed in our domestic penal institutions for years. Given the background of the traditional categorization of prisoners (“elite”, “non-elite”, “victims”), the article presents the image of prisoners called “dodgers” who – as there are not many of them – exist on the edge of a subculture world, making attempts to become a part of the present and significantly modified in recent years subculture structures, which are based mainly on financial relationships.
Life Expectancy and Cause-Specific Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study Quantifying Relationships in Ethnic Subgroups
Authors: Wright Alison K. , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Emsley Richard , Buchan Iain , Sattar Naveed , Rutter Martin K. , Ashcroft Darren M. 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVES
This study 1) investigated life expectancy and cause-specific mortality rates associated with type 2 diabetes and 2) quantified these relationships in ethnic subgroups.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a cohort study using Clinical Practice Research Datalink data from 383 general practices in England with linked hospitalization and mortality records. A total of 187,968 patients with incident type 2 diabetes from 1998 to 2015 were matched to 908,016 control subjects. Abridged life tables estimated years of life lost, and a competing risk survival model quantified cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs).

RESULTS
A total of 40,286 deaths occurred in patients with type 2 diabetes. At age 40, white men with diabetes lost 5 years of life and white women lost 6 years compared with those without diabetes. A loss of between 1 and 2 years was observed for South Asians and blacks with diabetes. At age older than 65 years, South Asians with diabetes had up to 1.1 years’ longer life expectancy than South Asians without diabetes. Compared with whites with diabetes, South Asians with diabetes had lower adjusted risks for mortality from cardiovascular (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.75, 0.89), cancer (HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.36, 0.51), and respiratory diseases (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.48, 0.76). A similar pattern was observed in blacks with diabetes compared with whites with diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Type 2 diabetes was associated with more years of life lost among whites than among South Asians or blacks, with older South Asians experiencing longer life expectancy compared with South Asians without diabetes. The findings support optimized cardiovascular disease risk factor management, especially in whites with type 2 diabetes.
Phylogeny of Selaginellaceae: There is value in morphology after all!
Authors: Weststrand Stina , Korall Petra 
Published: December 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The cosmopolitan lycophyte family Selaginellaceae, dating back to the Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous, is notorious for its many species with a seemingly undifferentiated gross morphology. This morphological stasis has for a long time hampered our understanding of the evolutionary history of the single genus Selaginella. Here we present a large‐scale phylogenetic analysis of Selaginella, and based on the resulting phylogeny, we discuss morphological evolution in the group.METHODS:We sampled about one‐third of the approximately 750 recognized Selaginella species. Evolutionary relationships were inferred from both chloroplast (rbcL) and single‐copy nuclear gene data (pgiC and SQD1) using a Bayesian inference approach. The morphology of the group was studied and important features mapped onto the phylogeny.KEY RESULTS:We present an overall well‐supported phylogeny of Selaginella, and the phylogenetic positions of some previously problematic taxa (i.e., S. sinensis and allies) are now resolved with strong support. We show that even though the evolution of most morphological characters involves reversals and/or parallelisms, several characters are phylogenetically informative. Seven major clades are identified, which each can be uniquely diagnosed by a suite of morphological features. There is value in morphology after all!CONCLUSIONS:Our hypothesis of the evolutionary relationships of Selaginella is well founded based on DNA sequence data, as well as morphology, and is in line with previous findings. It will serve as a firm basis for further studies on Selaginella with respect to, e.g., the poorly known alpha taxonomy, as well as evolutionary questions such as historical biogeographic reconstructions.