bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Onion Thrips with Planting Time Soil Drench Treatments, 1997
Authors: Kramer-Wilson Karen , Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted at the Colorado State Horticulture Field Research Center north of Ft. Collins, CO. Onions were transplanted 23 Apr to single rows and, before covering, were treated with water drenches of in-furrow insecticides (equivalent rate of 180 gallons of water/acre). Individual plots were 12-ft long, arranged in a RCB design with 5 replications. Evaluations were made by counting all thrips on 10 plants in the center of each plot.
Onion Thrips Control, Foliar Trial 2,1997
Authors: Kramer-Wilson Karen , Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted at the Horticulture Field Research Farm north of Ft. Collins, CO on ‘Vega’ transplant onions. Trials involved small plots, 14-ft long beds, arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Only a single application was made 3 Jul, using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 15 gpa as a single pass over the top of the plants. Evaluations were made by examining 10 plants in the center of each plot and counting all thrips found in the neck area.
Control of Armyworm and Pepper Weevil on Bell Pepper, Fall 1996
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set 6 Sep, 12 inches apart on 8-inch-high and 32-inch-wide beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single row of 12 plants with rows on 5-ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a 2.5-gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 25 Sep, 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 Oct, 6, 13, 20 Nov, 4, 11, 18, and 23 Dec. The sprayer was outfitted with a single nozzle with a D-5 disk and #45 core and delivered 100 gpa at 60 psi. Fruit were harvested on 12, 25 Nov, 10, and 30 Dec and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by beet army-worm larvae were determined. Fruit with damage only on the fruit petiole or calyx were considered marketable and fruit with pod damage were considered unmarketable. Fruit also were examined for the presence of oviposition scars on the outsides of the fruit and for the presence of larval feeding damage on the insides of the fruit caused by the pepper weevil.
Pepper Weevil and Broad Mite Control on Bell Pepper, Fall 1996
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set 6 Sep, 12 inches apart on 8-inch-high and 32-inch-wide beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single row of 10 plants with rows on 5-ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a 2.5-gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 27 Sep, 4, 12, 18, 25 Oct, 1, 8 Nov 6, 13 and 24 Dec. The sprayer was outfitted with a single nozzle with a D-5 disk and #45 core and delivered 100 gpa at 60 psi. All plots were sprayed weekly with Bacillus thuringiensis for control of armyworm larvae. Fruit were harvested on 14, 26 Nov, 13, and 30 Dec and the number and weight of undamaged fruit were determined. On 18 Nov, 1 leaf from a terminal of each plant in each plot was examined for the presence of eggs and motile forms of the broad mite. On 22 Nov, each plant in each plot was rated 1-4 for increasing severity of foliar damaged by the broad mite. Fruit also were examined for the presence of oviposition scars on the outside of the fruit and for the presence of larval feeding damage caused by the pepper weevil inside the fruit.
Control of Leafminers on Potatoes, Spring 1996
Authors: Seal Dakshina R. , McCord Elzie 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potato seed pieces were planted in Rockdale soil on 10 Dec, 1995. A RCB design was employed to provide 4 replicates each for 8 treatments comprising a plot size of 4 rows, 30 feet long. Insecticide applications were initiated two weeks after planting. Insecticides were soil applied by drenching in 4 X 4 furrows. Foliar insecticides were applied weekly using a CO2-powered back-pack sprayer using 2 nozzles per row at 40 PSI delivering 100 GPA. No phytotoxicity was observed with either product. Evaluations were conducted on four dates by randomly selecting five plants from plot middles and recording total mines per mature leaf.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Irish Potato, 1997
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiments were RCB designs with 5 replicates, each planted 02 Jun at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1996. The 3.0-m space between blocks and the 1.8-rn space between the four-row plots were bare soil. All rows were hand-planted 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy Katahdin seed (ca. 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by 7 foliar applications of mancozeb. Furrow applications of insecticides were made by sprinkle can. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 5.6 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.47 kl/ha. Numbers of larvae and adults were counted weekly on 20 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, beetle counts were made prior to application of insecticides. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of data using log|0(x + 1). Transformed means of the sum of larvae and adult beetles were compared using Fisher’s LSD Test and then applied to the actual means. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 5.6, 6.6 and 10.3 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 17.7, 20.8, and 18.3 deg. C.
Evaluation of Foliar Treatments for Potato Leafhopper on Alfalfa, 1997
Authors: Willson H. R. , Eisely J. B. , Jasinski J. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A study to evaluate the efficacy of 9 foliar insecticide treatments to control PLH was conducted on the second cutting of alfalfa at the OARDC Western Branch Station near South Charleston, OH. Plots were 20 X 50 ft with four replications in a RCBD. Treatments were applied 25 Jul with a custom-built sprayer having a boom length of 10 ft and TeeJet 8002 nozzles spaced at 15-inch intervals. The system was calibrated to deliver 25 gpa at 35 psi at a tractor speed of 3 mph. Abundance of PLH adults and nymphs were estimated prior to treatment and at 7, 14, and 20 DAT by taking 10 pendulum sweeps per plot. Alfalfa stand heights were recorded prior to treatment and at 20 DAT to determine stand growth per treatment
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Larval European Corn Borer on Whorl-Stage Corn, 1997
Authors: DeVries Terry A. , Wright Robert J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental and labelled insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against larval ECB in whorl-stage field corn near Clay Center, NE. Experimental design was a RGB with four replicates. ‘Dekalb 641’ hybrid field corn was planted on 25 Apr into soybean stubble at a seeding rate of 29,900 plants/acre. Each plot consisted of a single row, 40 ft long with a 30-inch row spacing. Soil type was a Crete silt loam with a 0-1% slope. A CO2-pressurized back-pack sprayer mounted on the planter was used to apply liquid insecticides at planting. A TeeJet #250017 nozzle positioned between the disc openers was used to direct an in-furrow spray of 1.25 gpa at 8 psi (LP). Five plants per plot were artificially infested with 10 ECB egg masses each on 20 Jun. These plants were free of larval whorl damage prior to infestation based on visual inspection. Also, five naturally infested plants which exhibited active larval whorl feeding were marked at the time of artificial infestation. When the crop was in 8-leaf growth stage, the plants were artificially infested with egg masses in black-head stage on 21 Jun. All whorl treatments were applied on 26 Jun when crop was in 10-11-leaf growth stage. Granular insecticides were applied using the mason jar ‘shaker’ method (G). Liquid insecticides were broadcast over the top of the plant whorl with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer at 21 gpa at 30 psi (L). The stalks of both the artificial and naturally infested plants were split lengthwise and the total number of tunnels in the five plants per plot were recorded to evaluate ECB larval damage. The percent infestation at evaluation was determined by the number of plants with a minimum of 1 cavity. The artificially infested plants were evaluated on 21 Jul. The naturally infested plants were evaluated on 22 Jul and 28-29 Jul. Data were analyzed by ANOVA for RCB with mean separation using DMRT.
Cultivation and Planting-Time Insecticide Treatments for Control of Corn Rootworms in South Dakota, 1997
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Boetel M. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cornfields located near New Holland and Garretson in central and eastern South Dakota, respectively, were chosen for this study. The experiment was conducted to evaluate insecticide efficacy using ground-driven Noble metering and electronic Smartbox metering units with band or in-furrow insecticide placement methods for control of northern and/or western com rootworm larvae. Treatment plots (15.2-m-long rows spaced 0.96 m apart) were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Noble and Smartbox metering units were calibrated on the planter prior to insecticide applications. Banded treatments were applied in an 18-cm swath in front of the furrow-closing wheels, and incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. In-furrow applications consisted of directing granules immediately between double-disk furrow openers. Pioneer IR-3751 (100-day) com seed was planted at approximately 23,000 kernels per acre at each location. Five roots per replicate were dug, washed, examined for feeding damage, and rated using the Iowa 1 to 6 scale. Data were analyzed with the ANOVA procedure and means were compared using LSD.
Corn Rootworm Larval Control with Counter in 15- and 30-Inch Row Centers, 1997
Authors: Oleson J. D. , McNutt J. J. , Nowatzki T. M. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was designed to test the efficacy of Counter 20 CR in 15- and 30-inch row centers at both full and half labeled rates. The experimental design was a split plot with four replications. Row center was the whole-plot treatment and insecticide was the subplot. The test was planned as conventional-till on 5 May into an area that had been planted to a rootworm trap crop the previous year (silty loam soil type). Treatments in the 3-inch row centers consisted of four rows 10 ft wide by 30 ft long. Treatments in the 15-inch row centers consisted of eight rows (10 ft wide) by 30 ft in length. Fifteen-inch row centers were accomplished by splitting the 30-inch centers with a second pass of the planter. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble meter-ing units mounted on a 4-row John Deere 7100 planter (30-inch row centers). Seeding rate was 26,100/acre for 30-inch centers and 33,200 for 15-inch centers (16,600 each pass). The Noble insecticide metering units were field calibrated at both seeding rates and set accordingly. Insecticide was applied at the same oz (AI)/1000 row-ft rate, for each row-center treatment, regardless of seeding rate. Rootworm larval feeding was evaluated on 15 Jul by digging 3 roots from the center two rows of each treatment and rating the damage on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1 = no damage or only a few minor feeding scars; 6 = 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Lodging counts were taken on 22 Oct. A plant was considered lodged if the angle between the base of the plant and the ground was 45° or less. ANOVA was used to examine treatment main effects and interactions with row spacing. Means were separated with Ryan’s Q test (REGWQ).
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Bollworms on Cotton, 1997
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 12 May in 38-inch rows at the Upper Coastal Plain Research Station near Rocky Mount in central North Carolina. The fertility and herbicide programs followed extension recommendations for cotton in this region. Temik at 5.0 lb (AI)/acre was used at planting. Plot size was 50 ft X 6 rows with 4 replications arranged in a RCBD. Insecticide applications were applied on 20 and 26 Aug with a backpack-type, CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gpa at 50 psi with a single TX-8 Spray Systems nozzle 18 inches over the row. All treatments were evaluated for fruit damage and live caterpillars on 2 and 26 Sep. Twenty-five squares and bolls were examined for BW, FAW, and ECB damage and live larvae per replicate (total 100 per treatment). Plots were harvested from the middle 2 rows with a 2-row John Deere picker on 23 Oct. Seed cotton yields were converted to lint cotton/acre using 40% gin turnout. All data were analyzed by ANOVA and DMRT.
Field Cage Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Tarnished Plant Bugs, 1997
Authors: Howell Michael S. , Reed Jack T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State, MS, in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plot size was 2 rows wide by 50 ft long with 4 unsprayed buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied on 1 Jul with a high-clearance spray tractor equipped with two Sprayings Systems TX4 hollow-cone nozzles per row spaced at 19 inches and calibrated for 5 gpa at a pressure of 40 psi and a speed of 4 mph. Carrier of the insecticide was water. Plant bugs were collected the morning of application by sweeping wild flowers with a 15-inch diameter sweep net. After plots were sprayed and allowed to dry, finemesh cloth sleeves were placed on each of 2 plants per plot and fastened at the mainstream with an elastic holder. Five plant bugs were then placed into each cage. The sleeves were then fastened at the top with another elastic holder. The plants were cut below the bags 24 h after infestation and were trans-ported to the label where insects were counted. Insects failing to move when prodded were classified as dead.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Cotton Aphid on Cotton, 1997B
Authors: Torrey K. D. , Leonard B. R. , Fife J. H. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides against cotton aphids in non-irrigated cotton at the Macon Ridge Location of the Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro, LA. Test 1 was planted 1 May and Test 2 was planted on 5 May. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40-inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. No foliar insecticides were applied to the plots before the test was initiated. Prior to treatment, cotton plants with infestations of cotton aphids in the plant terminals (20/plot) were identified with plastic bags. Treatments were applied on 25 Jun and 1 Jul to Test 1 and Test 2, respectively. In both tests, insecticides were applied with a handboom and CO2-charged system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through Teejet 8002 flat-fan nozzles (2/row) at 28 psi. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by sampling 10 tagged plant terminals (all apical shoot growth above and including the first fully expanded leaf) from each plot at 3, 6, and 11 DAT. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by sampling ten plant terminals (all apical shoot growth above and including the first fully expanded leaf) from each plot. Treatments were evaluated in Test 1 on 27 Jun (2 DAT) and 1 Jul (6 DAT) and in Test 2 on 3 Jul (2 DAT) and 7 Jul (6 DAT). Cotton aphids were washed from the plant foliage onto 300-mesh wire sieves, backwashed onto ruled filter paper (7 cm), and counted using a binocular dissecting scope. These plots received 0.11 and 1.98 inches rainfall on 28 Jun and 6 Jul, respectively. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and means were separated according to DMRT.
Control of Insects on Spring Peas, 1997
Authors: Bragg D. E. , Burns J. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were established 12 May near Albion, Washington, on the Mills-Farr Farm, in a RCBD with 4 replicates 6 x 10 ft. each. Eleven insecticide treatments and an untreated check were used, with Gaucho 480 applied as a seed treatment at 1.0 and 0.5 oz (AI)/cwt. Foliar treatments were applied at the appearance of PA using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 20 gpa at 20 psi. All treatments were rated by counts of PA per 20 cm of terminal stem 4 per replicate at pre-treatment, 2, 5,7, 10, and 15 DAT. Counts of PW-damaged peas/100 pea sample per replicate were made at harvest. Yield data in oz peas per replicate were collected by threshing in a stationary thresher.
Effects of Insecticides on Thrips Populations, Peanut Injury, Growth, and Yield, Chickasha, Okla-Homa, 1996
Authors: Mulder P. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated for tobacco thrips control and for effects on growth and yield of ‘Okrun’ runner type peanut in Chickasha, OK. Peanut was planted on 36-inch rows on 22 May. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates. Plots were 4 rows wide by 45 ft long. Granular insecticides were applied into the seed furrow at planting with a tractor-mounted John Deere granular applicator. Peanut planted with Orthene in the hopperbox was done last, to avoid planter box contamination. Preweighted amounts of Orthene 75 S were added evenly over the seed, alter-nating one-third seed then one-third chemical, until the boxes were filled. Foliar treatments were applied after plant emergence using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 30 psi through one 8004 E flat-fan nozzle per row. Spray treatments were applied 18 days after planting (9 Jun). Treatments were evaluated by comparing plant stand counts per 1/1000 of an acre and injury ratings on a 0 to 10 scale: 0 = no thrips-injured leaves; 10 = 100% injured leaves and dead plants. In addition, thrips control was evaluated by collecting 5 unopened quadrifoliate leaves per plot on 3 Jun. 13 Jun, 20 Jun, and 27 Jun. Unopened leaves were placed in vials of alcohol and returned to the laboratory where adult and larval thrips were separated and counted under a dissecting microscope. Yields were based on digging, combining, drying, and weighing peanuts from 2 rows of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Registered Insecticides for Control of the Sugarbeet Root Maggot, 1997
Authors: Armstrong J. S. , Carlson B. , Anderson A. , Dregseth B. , Schroeder A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental test plots were established 1 mile south and 5 miles east of St. Thomas, Pembina County, ND. Planting was accomplished on 16 May in a sandy loam soil. Fifteen treatments and an rntreated check were replicated four times in an RCB design. Individual plots were four rows (22 inch spacing) wide by 35 ft length. Temik 15 G, Counter CR, Counter 15 G, Lorsban 15 G, and Chlorfos 15 G were applied at different rates. Treatments also varied by insecticide placement: MIF = modified in-furrow, 2-inch band; B = banded over the row in a 5-inch band; IF = insecticide dropped in-furrow with the beet seed. Drag chains followed all treatments for incorporation. Ten beets were removed from the outer two rows on 23 Jul and rated on a 5 point scale (0 = no scars; 1 = 1-4 small scars of pinlead size; 2 = 5-10 small scars to 3 large scars; 3 = more than 3 large scars; 4 = H to 3A of root area blackened by scars; 5 = more than % of root surface slackened, dying beet) to estimate SBRM feeding injury. Plant stand counts were taken just before harvest on the center two rows that were harvested 70 row ft). On 29 Sep the center two rows of each plot were machine lifted, weighed, and sent to the American Crystal Research Laboratory, Grand Forks, ND where they were cleaned, reweighted and adjusted for tare. All data were analyzed using ANOVA and SNK.
Impact of Sugarcane Borer Control Insecticides on Non-Target Arthropods, 1997
Authors: Rodriguez L. M. , Woolwine A. E. , Ostheimer E. A. , Reagan T. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three insecticide treatments were evaluated for their effects on non-target insects in sugarcane borer management programs. Treatments were randomly assigned to plots (ca. 1.51 to 2.08 acre each) according to RCBD with 4 replications. Plots were treated when 5% of sugarcane stalks contained live larvae of 3rd instar or smaller in leaf sheats (30 Jun and 13 Aug). Treatments were applied in water using an Ag Cat B aircraft with swaths of 54 ft delivering 2 gpa finished formulation. Non-target arthropods were monitored from 2 Jul to 24 Sep using 3 pitfall traps (pt jars filled with 150ml 70% ethanol and 40 ml mineral oil) embedded to the soil surface near the center of each plot and spaced 20 m apart. Traps were sheltered by a 22 cm diam disc supported on a tripod at 4 cm above the surface.
Aphid Control on the Flue-Cured Tobacco with Foliar Insecticides, 1997
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Wilkinson William B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the Southern Piedmont Agric. Res. and Ext. Cntr., Blackstone, VA to evaluate various foliar insecticides for TA control and to determine the effects of the treatments on the yield of flue-cured tobacco. Tobacco ‘Coker 371Gold’ was transplanted into experimental plots on 19 May. Seven treatments and an un-treated control was established in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plots, 4 X 40 ft (1 row X 24 plants), were separated by a single untreated guard rows. Except for insect control, flue-cured tobacco production methods followed the recommendations of the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 30 gpa at 50 psi through TX-12 nozzles (3/row) on 4 and 22 Jul. Temperatures ranged from 88-90 °F during both applications. TA counts were made on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants per plot before treatment and at 3 to 24 DAT. On 21 Aug, TA damage was rated on a scale of 0-10: 0 = no injury; 10 = very severe injury as indicated by necrotic leaf tissue, honey-dew, and sooty mold. Dipel 4 L at 0.5 qt/acre was applied to the entire test for budworm and tobacco hornworm control on 3 Jul. Tobacco was harvested, cured and yield was determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated by Waller-Duncan K-ratio t-test (K = 100). TA count data were transformed to log10 (x + 1) before analysis. Actual means are presented in the table.
Effect of Miticides on Cyclamen Mites, 1994
Authors: Cowles Richard S. , Kido Ken 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A trial was conducted in a commercial greenhouse (70-80°F) in Riverside, CA. This experiment was conducted as a 20 (treatments) x 2 (one or two application) factorial RCB, with 5 single-plant replicates. All treatments were applied to run-off with a COz-pressurized sprayer at 40 psi with an 8002 TeeJet nozzles. All plants were sprayed on 18 Mar and half of the plants were sprayed again on 25 March. Treatments were evaluated on 1-4 Apr by removing 5 terminals from each plant and dissecting the buds to count the mites. Ratings were: 0, no mites; 1, 1 mobile mite; 10, &gt; 1 mite. The ratings were totaled for each plant to give a composite rating between 0 and 50. Longer-term plant growth response was evaluated 30 DAT (25 Apr) by counting the number of terminals exhibiting cupped leaves and shortened internodes typical of cyclamen mite injury. Ratings for the number of injured terminals were 0, none; 1, 1-2; 2, 3-4 3, 5-6; 4, &gt;6 damaged terminals.