bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kaempferol promotes memory retention and density of hippocampal CA1 neurons in intra-cerebroventricular STZ-induced experimental AD model in Wistar rats
Authors: Darbandi Niloufar , Ramezani Matin , Khodagholi Fariba , Noori Mitra 
Published: November 2016

Background. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disease which causes memory disorders, decreases cognitive functions and abilities, and results in behavioural changes. Some studies have indicated that the flavonoids are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and have a positive effect on the reduction of neuronal damage disorders in the brain such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Materials and Methods. ICV administration of streptozotocin (3 mg/kg) was done on the first and the third day of the surgery and the animals’ memory was evaluated through passive avoidance tasks. Animals were divided into five groups: Salin-Salin, STZ-Salin, and STZ- different kaempferol doses (5, 7/5, 10 mg/kg). All animals received different doses of kaempferol or saline for 3 weeks starting one day before the surgery. Later, they were put into a learning test. After the memory test, the animals were killed and their brains were fixed with Paraformaldehyde 4%, and tissue processing was done. Finally, density of intact neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus in the brains of all groups was investigated.
Results. The ICV injections of STZ significantly reduced memory retention and intact pyramidal cells compared to the control group. The kaempferol improved the effects of STZ.
Conclusion. Our findings show that kaempferol can optimize cognitive deficits caused by injections of STZ and also has some useful impacts on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.
Antidepressant Drug Treatment in Association with Multiple Sclerosis Disease-Modifying Therapy
Authors: Mirsky Matthew M. , Marrie Ruth Ann , Rae-Grant Alexander 
Published: November 2016

Background: The Explorys Enterprise Performance Management (EPM) database contains de-identified clinical data for 50 million patients. Multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), specifically interferon beta (IFNβ) treatments, may potentiate depression. Conflicting data have emerged, and a large-scale claims-based study by Patten et al. did not support such an association. This study compares the results of Patten et al. with those using the EPM database.
Methods: “Power searches” were built to test the relationship between antidepressant drug use and DMT in the MS population. Searches were built to produce a cohort of individuals diagnosed as having MS in the past 3 years taking a specific DMT who were then given any antidepressant drug. The antidepressant drug therapy prevalence was tested in the MS population on the following DMTs: IFNβ-1a, IFNβ-1b, combined IFNβ, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab, fingolimod, and dimethyl fumarate.
Results: In patients with MS, the rate of antidepressant drug use in those receiving DMTs was 40.60% to 44.57%. The rate of antidepressant drug use for combined IFNβ DMTs was 41.61% (males: 31.25%–39.62%; females: 43.10%–47.33%). Antidepressant drug use peaked in the group aged 45 to 54 years for five of six DMTs.
Conclusions: We found no association between IFNβ treatment and antidepressant drug use in the MS population compared with other DMTs. The EPM database has been validated against the Patten et al. data for future use in the MS population.
Thermal and chemical stabilities of group-III sesquioxides in a flow of either N2 or H2
Authors: Togashi Rie , Kisanuki Yumi , Goto Ken , Murakami Hisashi , Kuramata Akito , Yamakoshi Shigenobu , Monemar Bo , Koukitu Akinori , Kumagai Yoshinao 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The thermal and chemical stabilities of group-III sesquioxides (Al2O3, Ga2O3, and In2O3) were comparatively investigated at an atmospheric pressure at heat treatment temperatures ranging from 250 to 1450 °C in a flow of either N2 or H2. In a flow of N2, the thermal decomposition of α-Al2O3 was not observed at the temperatures investigated, while the decompositions of β-Ga2O3 and c-In2O3 occurred above 1150 and 1000 °C, respectively, with no generation of group-III metal droplets on the surfaces. In contrast, the chemical reactions of α-Al2O3, β-Ga2O3, and c-In2O3 began at low temperatures of 1150, 550, and 300 °C in a flow of H2. Thus, the presence of H2 in the gas flow significantly promotes the decomposition of group-III sesquioxides. The order of thermal and chemical stabilities (α-Al2O3 ≫ β-Ga2O3 > c-In2O3) obtained experimentally was verified by thermodynamic analysis, which also clarified dominant decomposition reactions of group-III sesquioxides.
<b> Yazılı Basında Yayımlanan Küresel Terör Haberleri Üzerine Sosyolojik Bir Çözümleme</b> / <i> A Sociological Analysis on Global Terror News Published in Print Press </i>
Authors: Yenen İbrahim 
Published: November 2016

<p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Bu makale, gazetelerde yayımlanan küresel terör haberlerini beş araştırma sorusuna göre değerlendirmektedir. Araştırmanın temel bulguları 05 Mayıs 2015- 05 Ağustos tarihleri arasında Hürriyet, Posta, Sözcü, Sabah, Habertürk ve Milliyet gazetelerinde yayımlanan din ile ilgili haberlerden elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın veriler açısından sonuçlarına bakıldığında özellikle küresel anlamda meydana gelen terör faaliyetlerinin dinsel referanslara sahip olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu dinsel referansların daha çok şiddet, saldırganlık ve terör bağlamında ortaya çıktığı anlaşılmaktadır. Şiddet ve terör bağlamında yayımlanan haberlerin daha çok dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde gerçekleştirilen terör saldırıları, bu saldırıların genişleyerek savaş alanlarına dönüşmesi, terör örgütlerine bireysel katılımlar ve terör örgütlerine karşı düzenlenen bölgesel veya genel operasyonları içerdiği tespit edilmiştir.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong> </p><p>This article assesses the global terrorist news published in newspapers based on five research questions. The main findings of the survey were obtained from news related with religion published in Hürriyet, Posta, Sözcü, Sabah, Habertürk and Milliyet newspapers between May 5th, 2015 and August 5th. When we look at the results of the work in terms of the data, it is understood that the terrorist activities, especially in the global sense, have religious references. It is understood that these religious references have emerged mostly in the context of violence, aggression and terror. It was determined that the news published in violence and terrorism corresponded mostly to terrorist attacks carried out in different regions of the world, individual participation in terrorist organizations and regional or general operations against terrorist organizations.</p>
Give the people what they want: studying end-user needs for enhancing the web
Authors: Lee Tak Yeon , Bederson Benjamin B. 
Published: November 2016

End-user programming (EUP) is a common approach for helping ordinary people create small programs for their professional or daily tasks. Since end-users may not have programming skills or strong motivation for learning them, tools should provide what end-users want with minimal costs of learning –i.e., they must decrease the barriers to entry. However, it is often hard to address these needs, especially for fast-evolving domains such as the Web. To better understand these existing and ongoing challenges, we conducted two formative studies with Web users –a semi-structured interview study, and a Wizard-of-Oz study. The interview study identifies challenges that participants have with their daily experiences on the Web. The Wizard-of-Oz study investigates how participants would naturally explain three computational tasks to an interviewer acting as a hypothetical computer agent. These studies demonstrate a disconnect between what end-users want and what existing EUP systems support, and thus open the door for a path towards better support for end user needs. In particular, our findings include: (1) analysis of challenges that end-users experience on the Web with solutions; (2) seven core functionalities of EUP for addressing these challenges; (3) characteristics of non-programmers describing three common computation tasks; (4) design implications for future EUP systems.
Mantle plumes beneath the South Pacific superswell revealed by finite frequency P tomography using regional seafloor and island data
Authors: Obayashi M. , Yoshimitsu J. , Sugioka H. , Ito A. , Isse T. , Shiobara H. , Reymond D. , Suetsugu D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe present a new tomographic image beneath the South Pacific superswell, using finite frequency P wave travel time tomography with global and regional data. The regional stations include broadband ocean‐bottom seismograph stations. The tomographic image shows slow anomalies of 200‐300 km in diameter beneath most hot spots in the studied region, extending continuously from the shallow upper mantle to 400 km depth. Narrow and weak slow anomalies are detected at depths of 500–1000 km, connecting the upper mantle slow anomalies with large‐scale slow anomalies with lateral dimension of 1000–2000 km prevailing below 1000 km depth down to the core‐mantle boundary. There are two slow anomalies around the Society hot spot at depths shallower than 400 km, which both emerge from the same slow anomaly at 500 km depth. One of them is located beneath the Society hot spot and the other underlies 500 km east of the Society hot spot, where no volcanism is observed.
Remote determinations on fumarole outlet temperatures in an eruptive volcano
Authors: Tsunogai Urumu , Cheng Lin , Ito Masanori , Komatsu Daisuke D. , Nakagawa Fumiko , Shinohara Hiroshi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDirect measurement of the fumarole outlet temperature in active volcanoes is impractical. Therefore, we used an aircraft to sample H2 in the volcanic plume ejected from Sakurajima volcano to remotely estimate the highest fumarolic temperatures of the volcano based on hydrogen isotopic fractionation between H2 and magmatic H2O. We successfully estimated that the δD of the fumarolic H2 in September and December 2014 was −135 ± 13‰ and −113 ± 11‰, respectively, and that the corresponding highest outlet temperatures were 1050 ± 120°C and 1199 ± 139°C. Although the temperatures were higher than those determined by using infrared remote sensing, we concluded that they are more reliable estimates of the highest fumarole outlet temperatures. Combined with plume sampling by using aircraft, remote temperature sensing based on the δD of H2 in volcanic plumes can be widely applied to active volcanoes to determine the highest fumarole outlet temperatures.
Relaxation of the bulk modulus in partially molten dunite?
Authors: Cline C. J. , Jackson I. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo address the possibility of melt‐related bulk modulus relaxation, a forced oscillation experiment was conducted at seismic frequencies on a partially molten synthetic dunite specimen (melt fraction = 0.026) utilizing the enhanced capacity of the Australian National University attenuation apparatus to operate in both torsional and flexural oscillation modes. Shear modulus and dissipation data are consistent with those for melt‐bearing olivine specimens previously tested in torsion, with a pronounced dissipation peak superimposed on high‐temperature background. Flexural data exhibit a monotonic decrease in complex Young's modulus with increasing temperature under transsolidus temperatures. The observed variation of Young's modulus is well described by the relationship 1/E ~ 1/3G, without requiring relaxation of the bulk modulus. At high homologous temperatures, when shear modulus is low, extensional and flexural oscillation measurements have little resolution of bulk modulus, and thus, only pressure oscillation measurements can definitively constrain bulk properties at these conditions.
Supershear transition mechanism induced by step over geometry
Authors: Hu Feng , Xu Jiankuan , Zhang Zhenguo , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFew studies have focused on the supershear transition mechanism induced by fault step overs, although seismic observations suggest that rupture speed transitions occur at geometrical complexities on faults. Based on dynamic rupture simulations on fault systems with step overs in a 3‐D full space where the initial stresses preclude a supershear transition on a single buried fault according to the Burridge‐Andrews mechanism, we show that rupture speeds can transit from subshear on the primary fault to supershear on the secondary fault. The low normal stress zone and the high shear stress zone beyond the fault step, which radiate from the end of the primary fault if its rupture arrest is sudden, determine the supershear rupture occurrence on the secondary fault. However, a low shear stress zone traveling at the shear wave speed is also radiated, making the rupture speed return to subshear in most cases. Sustained supershear ruptures are also possible on compressional step overs under certain conditions. Self‐arresting ruptures are observed in the overlap area on the secondary fault. In a half‐space model where supershear rupture is induced by the free surface on the primary fault, the rupture speed on the secondary fault rapidly transits to subshear near the fault step if its width exceeds a critical value.
Study of TEC fluctuation via stochastic models and Bayesian inversion
Authors: Bires A. , Roininen L. , Damtie B. , Nigussie M. , Vanhamäki H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe propose stochastic processes to be used to model the total electron content (TEC) observation. Based on this, we model the rate of change of TEC (ROT) variation during ionospheric quiet conditions with stationary processes. During ionospheric disturbed conditions, for example, when irregularity in ionospheric electron density distribution occurs, stationarity assumption over long time periods is no longer valid. In these cases, we make the parameter estimation for short time scales, during which we can assume stationarity. We show the relationship between the new method and commonly used TEC characterization parameters ROT and the ROT Index (ROTI). We construct our parametric model within the framework of Bayesian statistical inverse problems and hence give the solution as an a posteriori probability distribution. Bayesian framework allows us to model measurement errors systematically. Similarly, we mitigate variation of TEC due to factors which are not of ionospheric origin, like due to the motion of satellites relative to the receiver, by incorporating a priori knowledge in the Bayesian model. In practical computations, we draw the so‐called maximum a posteriori estimates, which are our ROT and ROTI estimates, from the posterior distribution. Because the algorithm allows to estimate ROTI at each observation time, the estimator does not depend on the period of time for ROTI computation. We verify the method by analyzing TEC data recorded by GPS receiver located in Ethiopia (11.6°N, 37.4°E). The results indicate that the TEC fluctuations caused by the ionospheric irregularity can be effectively detected and quantified from the estimated ROT and ROTI values.
Reply to comment by Spyros Beltaos on “Estimation of composite hydraulic resistance in ice‐covered alluvial streams”
Authors: Ghareh Aghaji Zare Soheil , Moore Stephanie A. , Rennie Colin D. , Seidou Ousmane , Ahmari Habib , Malenchak Jarrod 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPreviously utilized techniques for analysis of flow velocity in ice‐controlled zone are confirmed to be valid. Potential sources of error regarding the estimation of energy grade line slope are corrected considering the comments by the discussant. A modified version of the equation for composite roughness calculation originally introduced in the paper is presented. The revised new method then is tested against the other available methods and its accuracy is evaluated. Other assumptions and analyses presented in the paper are also tested and validated.
Anakinra for Colchicine‐Resistant Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Ben‐Zvi Ilan , Kukuy Olga , Giat Eitan , Pras Elon , Feld Olga , Kivity Shaye , Perski Oleg , Bornstein Gil , Grossman Chagai , Harari Gil , Lidar Merav , Livneh Avi 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is refractory to colchicine prophylaxis in 10–20% of patients. In a number of patient series, treatment with anakinra, an interleukin‐1–blocking agent, prevented FMF attacks in those with colchicine‐resistant FMF. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anakinra in the treatment of colchicine‐resistant FMF, using a randomized controlled trial.MethodsPatients with colchicine‐resistant FMF receiving colchicine (dosage ≥1.5 to ≤3 mg/day) were recruited and randomly assigned to receive anakinra or placebo (vehicle). The treatment duration was 4 months. Primary efficacy outcomes were the number of attacks per month, and the number of patients with a mean of <1 attack per month. Quality of life was assessed using a 0–10‐grade visual analog scale (VAS), and safety was assessed according to the number and severity of adverse events.ResultsTwenty‐five patients with colchicine‐resistant FMF (14 women) were enrolled, of whom 12 were randomized to receive anakinra and 13 to receive placebo. The mean ± SD number of attacks per patient per month was 1.7 ± 1.7 in those receiving anakinra and 3.5 ± 1.9 in those receiving placebo (P = 0.037). Six patients in the anakinra group, compared to none in the placebo group, had <1 attack per month (P = 0.005). A beneficial effect of anakinra was noted in the number of attacks in the joints per month in patients receiving anakinra (mean ± SD 0.8 ± 1.6 versus 2.1 ± 1.1 in the placebo group; P = 0.019) and in quality of life (mean ± SD VAS score 7.7 ± 2.3 in the anakinra group versus 4.2 ± 2.9 in the placebo group; P = 0.045). The number of adverse events per patient per month was comparable between the anakinra group and the placebo group (mean ± SD 2.03 ± 1.75 versus 3.34 ± 2.5; P = 0.22). There were no severe adverse events.ConclusionIn this randomized controlled trial, anakinra appears to be an effective and safe treatment for colchicine‐resistant FMF.
The lack of association between angiotensin‐converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and nicotine dependence in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Nadalin Sergej , Buretić‐Tomljanović Alena , Lavtar Polona , Starčević Čizmarević Nada , Hodžić Alenka , Sepčić Juraj , Kapović Miljenko , Peterlin Borut , Ristić Smiljana 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveBlood‐borne angiotensin II is generated from angiotensinogen via cleavage by renin and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), an enzymatic cascade known as the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Several lines of evidence indicate that ACE, beyond its classical role of mediating blood pressure regulation, might contribute to the etiology of substance addictions by influencing dopaminergic signaling. A functional insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene was associated with risk for being a smoker among individuals with depression and with smoking severity in studies comprising patients with depression and healthy controls. Several reports have described significantly increased ACE activity in cerebrospinal fluid and serum among MS patients. Furthermore, in our previous work with MS patients from Croatian and Slovenian populations, we demonstrated that the ACE‐I/D polymorphism contributes to an elevated MS risk among male patients. Here we investigated whether the ACE‐I/D polymorphism might influence smoking behavior among patients with MS.Patients and MethodsGenotyping was performed in 521 patients (males/females: 139/382) using polymerase chain reaction.ResultsWe revealed no significant differences in ACE genotype and allele frequencies between smokers and nonsmokers and no significant association between the ACE‐I/D polymorphism and either pack‐year smoking history or number of cigarettes smoked daily (p > .05, respectively).ConclusionThe ACE‐I/D polymorphism does not contribute either to risk for nicotine dependence or to smoking severity among MS patients. In the context of reports on the ACE‐I/D polymorphism and nicotine dependence among healthy controls and patients with depression, we may speculate that the mechanism by which this polymorphism influences nicotine dependence risk differs in MS compared to depression, although not compared to a healthy population. In addition to angiotensin II, other potential ACE substrates, such as substance P and neurotensin, which also influence dopaminergic neurotransmission (and are proposed to be associated with MS), may deserve study in future.
Characteristics of End‐of‐Life Printed Wiring Boards Processed by Electrodynamic Fragmentation
Authors: Martino Rémi , Iseli Cédric , Gaydardzhiev Stoyan , Streicher‐Porte Martin , Weh Alexander 
Published: November 2016

AbstractElectrodynamic fragmentation (EDF) is an innovative technique which enables selective fragmentation of material. Its inherent selective breakage principles enable liberation while avoiding fine grinding. In this study, the specific effects of the EDF on end‐of‐life printed wiring boards have been assessed. A novel methodology for their EDF processing has been developed and compared with hammer mill shredding. Various energy inputs and treatment stages have resulted in fragmentation degrees ranging from removal of components to structure delamination and subsequent size reduction.
Catalytic Performance of Modified HMCM‐22 Catalysts in Xylene Isomerization
Authors: Wu Xiang , Hu Chao , Zhao Guoqing , Yuan Ying , Zhu Zhirong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHMCM‐22 catalysts modified with La2O3 (5% La) and MgO (≈0.87% Mg) were prepared respectively by impregnation method, and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, N2 physical adsorption‐desorption and temperature‐programmed desorption of NH3. The effect of supported metallic oxides (La2O3, MgO) on catalytic performance in xylene isomerization of C8 aromatics (ethylbenzene, m‐xylene and o‐xylene) was investigated in detail. The experimental results showed that 5% La/HMCM‐22 catalyst had higher isomerization activity and stronger shape‐selectivity than 0.87% Mg/HMCM‐22 catalyst, owing to its more acid sites and smaller pore size. And the loading amount of La was optimized to be about 7%. Moreover, supporting metal over 7% La/HMCM‐22, respectively with 0.3% Pt, 3% Ni and 3% Mo, was carried out to prepare bifunctional isomerization catalysts. In comparison, 3% Mo/7% La/HMCM‐22 showed the best catalytic performance with both high activity and high selectivity, with the low hydrocracking of m‐xylene and o‐xylene. Besides, the optimal reaction conditions were found: 340°C, 1.5 MPa H2, WHSV 4 h−1 and H2/C8 4 mol/mol. Under the above conditions, ethylbenzene conversion was up to 20%, para‐selectivity was over 23% with low xylene loss of 2.9%.
Discovery of a Novel Scaffold as an Indoleamine 2,3‐Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Inhibitor Based on the Pyrrolopiperazinone Alkaloid, Longamide B
Authors: Shiokawa Zenyu , Kashiwabara Emi , Yoshidome Daisuke , Fukase Koichi , Inuki Shinsuke , Fujimoto Yukari 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIndoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has emerged as a key target for cancer therapy, as IDO1 plays a critical role in the capacity of tumor cells to evade the immune system. The pyrrolopiperazinone alkaloid longamide B and its derivatives were identified as novel IDO1 inhibitors based on docking studies and small library synthesis. The thioamide derivative showed higher IDO1 inhibitory activity than longamide B, and displayed an activity similar to that of a representative IDO1 inhibitor, 1‐methyl‐tryptophan. These results suggest that the pyrrolopiperazinone scaffold of longamide B could be used in the development of IDO1 inhibitors.