bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents in Women at High Risk for Atherothrombosis
Authors: Giustino Gennaro , Baber Usman , Salianski Olga , Sartori Samantha , Stone Gregg W. , Leon Martin B. , Aquino Melissa , Stefanini Giulio G. , Steg P. Gabriel , Windecker Stephan , O’ Donoghue Monica , Wijns William , Serruys Patrick W. , Valgimigli Marco , Morice Marie-Claude , Camenzind Edoardo , Weisz Giora , Smits Pieter C. , Kandzari David , Von Birgelen Clemens , Dangas George D. , Cha Jin Y. , Galatius Soren , Jeger Raban V. , Kimura Takeshi , Mikhail Ghada W. , Itchhaporia Dipti , Mehta Laxmi , Ortega Rebecca , Kim Hyo-Soo , Kastrati Adnan , Genereux Philippe , Chieffo Alaide , Mehran Roxana 
Published: January 2016

Background—
The safety and efficacy of new-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) in women with multiple atherothrombotic risk (ATR) factors is unclear.

Methods and Results—

We pooled patient-level data for women enrolled in 26 randomized trials. Study population was categorized based on the presence or absence of high ATR, which was defined as having history of diabetes mellitus, prior percutaneous or surgical coronary revascularization, or prior myocardial infarction. The primary end point was major adverse cardiovascular events defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization at 3 years of follow-up. Out of 10 449 women included in the pooled database, 5333 (51%) were at high ATR. Compared with women not at high ATR, those at high ATR had significantly higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (15.8% versus 10.6%; adjusted hazard ratio: 1.53; 95% confidence interval: 1.34–1.75;
P
=0.006) and all-cause mortality. In high-ATR risk women, the use of new-generation DES was associated with significantly lower risk of 3-year major adverse cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.69; 95% confidence interval: 0.52–0.92) compared with early-generation DES. The benefit of new-generation DES on major adverse cardiovascular events was uniform between high-ATR and non–high-ATR women, without evidence of interaction (
P
interaction
=0.14). At landmark analysis, in high-ATR women, stent thrombosis rates were comparable between DES generations in the first year, whereas between 1 and 3 years, stent thrombosis risk was lower with new-generation devices.

Conclusions—
Use of new-generation DES even in women at high ATR is associated with a benefit consistent over 3 years of follow-up and a substantial improvement in very-late thrombotic safety.
Neutrophil Activation Promotes Fibrinogen Oxidation and Thrombus Formation in Behçet Disease
Authors: Becatti Matteo , Emmi Giacomo , Silvestri Elena , Bruschi Giulia , Ciucciarelli Lucia , Squatrito Danilo , Vaglio Augusto , Taddei Niccolò , Abbate Rosanna , Emmi Lorenzo , Goldoni Matteo , Fiorillo Claudia , Prisco Domenico 
Published: January 2016

Background—
Behçet disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis with a broad range of organ involvement, characterized by a multisystemic, immune-inflammatory disorder involving vessels of all sizes and often complicated by thrombosis. Systemic redox imbalance and circulating neutrophil hyperactivation have been observed in BD patients and are thought to be responsible for impaired coagulation. We here focused on the pathogenetic mechanisms potentially linking immune cell activation and thrombosis, and specifically examined whether neutrophil activation can affect fibrinogen modifications and consequently elicit thrombosis.

Methods and Results—

Blood samples were collected from 98 consecutive BD patients attending our dedicated Center and from 70 age- and sex-matched healthy controls; in all patients fibrinogen function and structure, fibrin susceptibility to plasmin-lysis, plasma redox status, leukocyte oxidative stress markers, and possible reactive oxygen species sources were examined. Thrombin-catalyzed fibrin formation and fibrin susceptibility to plasmin-induced lysis were significantly impaired in BD patients (
P
<0.001). These findings were associated with increased plasma oxidative stress markers (
P
<0.001) and with a marked carbonylation of fibrinogen (
P
<0.001), whose secondary structure appeared deeply modified. Neutrophils displayed an enhanced NADPH oxidase activity and increased reactive oxygen species production (
P
<0.001), which significantly correlated with fibrinogen carbonylation level (
r
2
=0.33,
P
<0.0001), residual β-band intensity (
r
2
=0.07,
P
<0.01), and fibrinogen clotting ability (
r
2
=0.073,
P
<0.01)

Conclusions—
In BD patients, altered fibrinogen structure and impaired fibrinogen function are associated with neutrophil activation and enhanced reactive oxygen species production whose primary source is represented by neutrophil NADPH oxidase.
Risks of Death and Stroke in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis With New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Shih Chia-Jen , Ou Shuo-Ming , Chao Pei-Wen , Kuo Shu-Chen , Lee Yi-Jung , Yang Chih-Yu , Tarng Der-Cherng , Lin Chih-Ching , Huang Po-Hsun , Li Szu-Yuan , Chen Yung-Tai 
Published: January 2016

Background—
Whether oral anticoagulant use should be considered in patients undergoing hemodialysis with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial because of the uncertainty regarding risk-benefit assessments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk of ischemic stroke in patients undergoing hemodialysis with new-onset AF, in comparison with those without arrhythmia.

Methods and Results—

This nationwide, population-based, propensity score–matched cohort study used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database during 1998 to 2011 for patients on hemodialysis with new-onset nonvalvular AF and matched subjects without arrhythmia. The clinical end points were ischemic stroke (fatal or nonfatal), all-cause death, and other serious adverse cardiovascular events. In comparison with the matched cohort, patients with AF (n=6772) had higher risks of ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.43), all-cause death (aHR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.52–1.67), in-hospital cardiovascular death (aHR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.71–1.94), myocardial infarction (aHR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.17–1.51), and hospitalization for heart failure (aHR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.76–2.05). After considering in-hospital death as a competing risk, AF significantly increased the risk of heart failure (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.45–1.68), but not those of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Additionally, the predictive value of the CHA
2
DS
2
–VASc score for ischemic stroke was diminished in the competing-risk model.

Conclusions—
The risk of stroke was only modestly higher in patients undergoing hemodialysis with new-onset AF than in those without AF, and it became insignificant when accounting for the competing risk of in-hospital death.
Two new species and new records of chiggers (Acari: Leeuwenhoekiidae, <br />Trombiculidae) from birds in Vietnam
Authors: KALUZ STANISLAV K. , HUNG NGUYEN MANH , CAPEK MIROSLAV , LITERAK IVAN 
Published: January 2016

A total of 12 chigger species (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) occurred on 7 bird species in Vietnam. Two new species, namely Neoschoengastia vietnamensis sp. nov. and Hypogastia stekolnikovi sp. nov. are described, figured and compared with similar species placed in relevant genera using differential diagnoses of related species. Figures and diagnosis of Leptotrombidium taiyuanense Tian and Wen, 1984 are added. Odontacarus audy (Radford, 1946), Leptotrombidium allosetum Wang, Liao and Lin, 1981, L. taiyuanense, Leptotrombidium hanseni Traub and Lakshana, 1966, Leptotrombidium kunshui Wen and Xiang, 1984, Leptotrombidium paradux Vercammen-Grandjean and Langston, 1976, Leptotrombidium turdicola Vercammen-Grandjean and Langston, 1976, Neotrombicula elegans Schluger, 1966 and Neoschoengastia longitar-salis Schluger and Belskaya, 1966 were recorded in Vietnam for the first time.
The Importance of the Montreal Protocol in Mitigating the Potential Intensity of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Polvani Lorenzo M. , Camargo Suzana J. , Garcia Rolando R. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The impact of the Montreal Protocol on the potential intensity of tropical cyclones over the next 50 years is investigated with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), a state-of-the-art, stratosphere-resolving atmospheric model, coupled to land, ocean, and sea ice components, with interactive stratospheric chemistry. An ensemble of WACCM runs from 2006 to 2065 forced with a standard future scenario is compared to a second ensemble in which ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are not regulated (the so-called World Avoided). It is found that by the year 2065, changes in the potential intensity of tropical cyclones in the World Avoided are nearly 3 times as large as for the standard scenario. The Montreal Protocol thus provides a strong mitigation of the adverse effects of intensifying tropical cyclones.
The relative importance of warmer sea surface temperatures (ozone-depleting substances are important greenhouse gases) and cooler lower-stratospheric temperatures (accompanying the massive destruction of the ozone layer) is carefully examined. It is found that the former are largely responsible for the increase in potential intensity in the World Avoided, whereas temperatures above the 70-hPa level—which plunge by nearly 15 K in 2065 in the World Avoided—have no discernible effect on potential intensity. This finding suggests that the modest (compared to the World Avoided) tropical ozone depletion of recent decades has not been a major player in determining the intensity of tropical cyclones, and neither will ozone recovery be in the coming half century.
The clinical and biochemical characteristics of Yemeni adults and children with visceral leishmaniasis and the differences between them: a prospective cross-sectional study before and after treatment
Authors: Al-Ghazaly Jameel , Al-Dubai Waled 
Published: January 2016

Objectives To determine the clinical and biochemical characteristics of Yemeni adults and children with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and the differences between them. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study on patients with bone marrow aspirate confirmed VL evaluated at Al-Jomhori Teaching Hospital in Sana’a, Yemen. Results Twenty-eight (59.6%) patients were adults with a mean age (± SD) of 24.3 years ± 9.2 and 19 (40.4%) patients were children with a mean age (± SD) of 7.1 years ± 4.7. Fever, pallor, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were the most common clinical findings. Hypoalbuminaemia, hyperglobulinaemia, elevated LDH, hypocalcaemia and elevated CRP were common biochemical abnormalities. There was no significant difference in splenomegaly size or biochemical parameters with regard to grade of parasitic load. Both children and adults showed similar significant improvement after treatment. Conclusion Biochemical abnormalities were not related to degree of parasitic load and there were no clinical, biochemical or treatment differences between adults and children.
Energy performance evaluation of direct solar floor in traditional and modern buildings
Authors: Kazeoui Habiba , Belarbi Rafik , Tahakourt Abdelkader , Ait-Mokhtar Abdelkarim 
Published: January 2016

This paper reports results of a series of year-long simulations using TRNSYS computer code applied to Direct Solar Floor of a building made of local materials in Algeria. The Direct Solar Floor system was modeled and implemented using TRNSYS code. Then, energy saving was assessed through a mathematical approach calculating the heating load during winter. The internal climate was also evaluated by analyzing indoor temperatures and PMV along with PPD indices. Moreover, a parametric study was performed in order to evaluate the main characteristics that affect the performance of DSF with different construction materials used in Algeria. Practical application: The use of renewable energies in Algeria is still not widespread despite its strategic geographical location. Because that the residential sector seems to be the biggest consumer of energy and it widely contributes to greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, the technique of heating by Direct Solar Floor (DSF) could be a very interesting solution to reduce both of energy consumption and GHG emissions. The DSF is still a relatively novel heating technology in Algeria. This paper describes the use of this technique in some typical Algerian constructions: old traditional buildings which are rarely used and modern buildings which are very common. Such as presented in this article, the use of local materials contribute to improving DSF performance. The parametric study presented in the paper offers designers decision-making tools to size appropriately a DSF heating system according to the construction materials used.
Human Amniotic Membrane–Derived Products in Sports Medicine
Authors: Riboh Jonathan C. , Saltzman Bryan M. , Yanke Adam B. , Cole Brian J. 
Published: January 2016

Background: Amniotic membrane (AM)–derived products have been successfully used in ophthalmology, plastic surgery, and wound care, but little is known about their potential applications in orthopaedic sports medicine. Purpose: To provide an updated review of the basic science and preclinical and clinical data supporting the use of AM-derived products and to review their current applications in sports medicine. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted using the Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. The search term amniotic membrane was used alone and in conjunction with stem cell, orthopaedic, tissue engineering, scaffold, and sports medicine. Results: The search identified 6870 articles, 80 of which, after screening of the titles and abstracts, were considered relevant to this study. Fifty-five articles described the anatomy, basic science, and nonorthopaedic applications of AM-derived products. Twenty-five articles described preclinical and clinical trials of AM-derived products for orthopaedic sports medicine. Because the level of evidence obtained from this search was not adequate for systematic review or meta-analysis, a current concepts review on the anatomy, physiology, and clinical uses of AM-derived products is presented. Conclusion: Amniotic membranes have many promising applications in sports medicine. They are a source of pluripotent cells, highly organized collagen, antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory cytokines, immunomodulators, and matrix proteins. These properties may make it beneficial when applied as tissue engineering scaffolds, improving tissue organization in healing, and treatment of the arthritic joint. The current body of evidence in sports medicine is heavily biased toward in vitro and animal studies, with little to no human clinical data. Nonetheless, 14 companies or distributors offer commercial AM products. The preparation and formulation of these products alter their biological and mechanical properties, and a thorough understanding of these differences will help guide the use of AM-derived products in sports medicine research.
Defect Characteristics of Reverse Hill-Sachs Lesions
Authors: Moroder Philipp , Tauber Mark , Scheibel Markus , Habermeyer Peter , Imhoff Andreas B. , Liem Dennis , Lill Helmut , Buchmann Stefan , Wolke Julia , Guevara-Alvarez Alberto , Salmoukas Katharina , Resch Herbert 
Published: January 2016

Background: Little scientific evidence regarding reverse Hill-Sachs lesions (RHSLs) in posterior shoulder instability exists. Recently, standardized measurement methods of the size and localization were introduced, and the biomechanical effect of the extent and position of the defects on the risk of re-engagement was determined. Purpose: To analyze the characteristics and patterns of RHSLs in a large case series using standardized measurements and to interpret the results based on the newly available biomechanical findings. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: In this multicenter study, 102 cases of RHSLs in 99 patients were collected from 7 different shoulder centers between 2004 and 2013. Patient- as well as injury-specific information was gathered, and defect characteristics in terms of the size, localization, and depth index were determined on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans by means of standardized measurements. Additionally, the position (gamma angle) of the posterior defect margin as a predictor of re-engagement was analyzed. Results: Three types of an RHSL were distinguished based on the pathogenesis and chronicity of the lesion: dislocation (D), locked dislocation (LD), and chronic locked dislocation (CLD). While the localization of the defects did not vary significantly between the subgroups ( P = .072), their mean size differed signficantly (D: 32.6° ± 11.7°, LD: 49.4° ± 17.2°, CLD: 64.1° ± 20.7°; P < .001). The mean gamma angle as a predictor of re-engagement was similarly significantly different between groups (D: 83.8° ± 14.5°, LD: 96.5° ± 17.9°, CLD: 108.7° ± 18.4°; P < .001). The orientation of the posterior defect margin was consistently quite parallel to the humeral shaft axis, with a mean difference of 0.3° ± 8.1°. Conclusion: The distinction between the 3 different RHSL types based on the pathogenesis and chronicity of the defect helps identify defects prone to re-engagement. The gamma angle as a measurement of the position of the posterior defect margin and therefore a predictor of re-engagement varies significantly between the defect types.
Effect of Obesity on Outcomes of Forefoot Surgery
Authors: Stewart Matthew S. , Bettin Clayton C. , Ramsey Matthew T. , Ishikawa Susan N. , Murphy G. Andrew , Richardson David R. , Tolley Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2016

Background: Forefoot surgery typically is elective, so it is important to define risk factors to educate patients on potential complications. The purpose of this study was to determine if obesity is an independent risk factor that contributes to increased complication rates after forefoot surgery. Methods: Through a retrospective review of records, 633 patients were identified who had forefoot surgery at one institution between 2008 and 2010. All patients who currently smoked or smoked in the past were excluded to eliminate a confounding factor, as smoking is known to increase complication rates, leaving 427 patients for inclusion, 299 nonobese (BMI less than 30) and 128 obese (BMI more than 30). Medical records were reviewed for the occurrence of complications, including nonunion, delayed union, delayed wound healing, infection, and persistent pain. Results: The overall complication rate was 9%, with similar rates between obese (10%) and nonobese patients (9%). The only specific complication approaching significance ( P = .13) was a higher rate of infection in obese patients (4 % compared to 1%), which could be attributed to the higher percentage of diabetic patients in the obese group. Diabetic patients, regardless of weight, had significantly higher rates of infection ( P = .03), with a trend toward higher rates of overall complications and delayed wound healing ( P = .08 and P < .06, respectively). Conclusion: Obesity was not shown to lead to more frequent complications after forefoot surgery. Diabetes was associated with significantly higher rates of infection, regardless of weight. Though not significant, there was a trend toward higher rates of overall complications and delayed wound healing in diabetic patients as well. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Nebivolol Acts as a S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Inhibitor
Authors: Jiang Hong , Polhemus David J. , Islam Kazi N. , Torregrossa Ashley C. , Li Zhen , Potts Amy , Lefer David J. , Bryan Nathan S. 
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose: Published data on nebivolol reveal selective β1 adrenergic selectively along with novel nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilatory properties. However, the exact molecular mechanism is unknown. Protein S-nitrosylation constitutes a large part of the ubiquitous influence of NO on cellular signal transduction and is involved in a number of human diseases. More recently, protein denitrosylation has been shown to play a major role in controlling cellular S-nitrosylation (SNO). Several enzymes have been reported to catalyze the reduction of SNOs and are viewed as candidate denitrosylases. One of the first described is known as S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR). Importantly, GSNOR has been shown to play a role in regulating SNO signaling downstream of the β-adrenergic receptor and is therefore operative in cellular signal transduction. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of GSNOR leads to enhanced vasodilation and characteristic of known effects of nebivolol. Structurally, nebivolol is similar to known inhibitors of GSNOR. Therefore, we hypothesize that some of the known effects of nebivolol may occur through this mechanism. Experimental Approach: Using cell culture systems, tissue organ bath, and intact animal models, we report that nebivolol treatment leads to a dose-dependent accumulation of nitrosothiols in cells, and this is associated with an enhanced vasodilation by S-nitrosoglutathione. Key Results: These data suggest a new mechanism of action of nebivolol that may explain in part the reported NO activity. Conclusions and Implications: Because exogenous mediators of protein SNO or denitrosylation can substantially affect the development or progression of disease, this may call for new utility of nebivolol.
A discrete-choice experiment to determine patient preferences for injectable multiple sclerosis treatments in Germany
Authors: Poulos Christine , Kinter Elizabeth , Yang Jui-Chen , Bridges John F. P. , Posner Joshua , Gleißner Erika , Mühlbacher Axel , Kieseier Bernd 
Published: January 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relative importance of features of a hypothetical injectable disease-modifying treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis using a discrete-choice experiment. Methods: German residents at least 18 years of age with a self-reported physician diagnosis of multiple sclerosis completed a 25–30 minute online discrete-choice experiment. Patients were asked to choose one of two hypothetical injectable treatments for multiple sclerosis, defined by different levels of six attributes (disability progression, the number of relapses in the next 4 years, injection time, frequency of injections, presence of flu-like symptoms, and presence of injection-site reactions). The data were analyzed using a random-parameters logit model. Results: Of 202 adults who completed the survey, results from 189 were used in the analysis. Approximately 50% of all patients reported a diagnosis of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis, and 31% reported secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Approximately 71% of patients had current or prior experience with injectable multiple sclerosis medication. Approximately 53% had experienced flu-like symptoms caused by their medication, and 47% had experienced mild injection-site reactions. At least one significant difference was seen between levels in all attributes, except injection time. The greatest change in relative importance between levels of an attribute was years until symptoms get worse from 1 to 4 years. The magnitude of this difference was about twice that of relapses in the next 4 years, frequency of injections, and flu-like symptoms. Conclusions: Most attributes examined in this experiment had an influence on patient preference. Patients placed a significant value on improvements in the frequency of dosing and disability progression. Results suggest that changes in injection frequency can be as important as changes in efficacy and safety attributes. Understanding which attributes of injectable therapies influence patient preference could potentially improve outcomes and adherence in patients with multiple sclerosis.