bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invisibility cloaking in light‐scattering media
Authors: Schittny Robert , Niemeyer Andreas , Mayer Frederik , Naber Andreas , Kadic Muamer , Wegener Martin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA major aim of researchers working in the field of optics and photonics is to mold the flow of light in optical structures and devices. In the regime of ballistic light propagation, transformation optics has given a certain boost, for which optical invisibility cloaking devices are striking examples. Our capability to mold the flow of light in the regime of diffuse light propagation in light‐scattering media has fallen behind—while diffuse light from clouds, white wallpaper, computer monitors, and light‐emitting diodes is literally all around us every day. In this review, we summarize progress in steering the flow of diffuse light in turbid media which was triggered by the mathematical analogy between electrostatics, magnetostatics, stationary heat conduction, and stationary light diffusion. We give an extensive tutorial introduction to the mathematics of the diffusion equation for light and its solutions, present an overview on the current experimental state‐of‐the‐art of simple core–shell invisibility cloaking, and compare these experiments with diffusion theory as well as with more advanced modelling based on Monte Carlo simulations. The latter approach enables spanning the bridge from diffusive to ballistic light propagation.
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Electronic and optical nature of silicon nanostructures: doping, interface effects and strain
Authors: Hiller Daniel , König Dirk , Kůsová Kateřina 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis proceedings volume of phys. status solidi (c) contains research presented in Symposium P at the EMRS 2015 Fall Meeting in Warsaw, Poland. The symposium focused on silicon nanostructures in all dimensionalities and intended to cover theoretical, experimental and application aspects with emphasize on doping, surface/interface effects, and advanced metrology methods. Besides the well‐known size dependent quantum confinement effects, Si nanostructures are highly susceptible to their surrounding and any kind of impurities. Many key material properties change due to the influence of an embedding matrix or surface terminating groups. On the other hand, well established technological concepts such as majority carrier generation by impurity doping with e.g. phosphorous or boron are impeded in Si nanostructures due to self‐purification, statistical problems, or failing dopant ionization due to quantum confinement. In the course of the symposium, details on these problems but also approaches on how to circumvent or exploit these effects for novel functionalities or applications were presented and discussed. We thank all invited and contributed speakers as well as all presenters of posters. Furthermore, we appreciate the help and support of our sponsors and the editorial team of pss (c). (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rhodamine‐Immobilised Electrospun Chitosan Nanofibrous Material as a Fluorescence Turn‐On Hg2+ Sensor
Authors: Horzum Nesrin , Mete Derya , Karakuş Erman , Üçüncü Muhammed , Emrullahoğlu Mustafa , Demir Mustafa M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA turn‐on fluorescence sensing system for mercuric (Hg2+) ions relying on a modified rhodamine B–chitosan fluorophore moiety was developed. This novel sensing approach relies on the simultaneous electrospinning of chitosan and rhodamine B hydrazide with phenylisothiocyanate functionality in hexafluoroisopropanol solution at 3.4 kV cm−1. The electrospun mats exhibited not only considerably enhanced fluorescence intensity in the presence of mercury ions, a result attributed to the ring opening of the spirolactam unit of the rhodamine‐based fluorophore, but also a remarkably high sensitivity and selectivity toward Hg2+. In effect, the strategy has the potential to open new avenues in the design and development of other high‐performance nanofibrous sensing materials for detecting target metal species of environmental interest.
Influence of Acid Wash on the Structural and Catalytic Properties of the Hierarchical Zeolite Y
Authors: Li Wenlin , Tu Chunyan , Zheng Jinyu , Luo Yibin , Da Zhijian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlthough the hierarchical architectures of zeolites are important, the precise control of their acidities also has a great influence on their catalytic properties. The hierarchical zeolite Y with high mesoporosity and well crystal structure was prepared. Then this hierarchical zeolite Y was washed with acid solution for different time. It was found that very limited mesopores formed during this acid wash procedure. However, their acidities characteristics changed dramatically. It has been found that the Brønsted acidities increased with acid wash procedure for a short time. If acid wash was performed on the resultant sample for a long time, the Lewis acidities begin decreased and the B/L ratio increased, which was most likely the result of removal of tetrahedrally coordinated EFAl species formed during desilication. This study showed that the improved accessibility of the active sites and the persevered crystallinity of the hierarchical zeolite Y were both responsible for the increased catalytic activities and an appropriate acid wash treatment comprised a powerful approach to tune the functions and catalytic properties of hierarchical zeolites Y.
A Room‐Temperature Luminescent AgCF3COO Complex Consisting of Cationic Complex Chains and Anionic Guests
Authors: Han Jing , Di Zhang Yong , Yu Zhong , He Xiang , Jin Bing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReaction of p‐phenylenediacetonitrile (p‐phda) with AgCF3COO afforded the coordination polymer, {[Ag2(p‐phda)2] [Ag4(CF3COO)6]}n (1), where the 1D cationic [Ag2(p‐phda)2]2+ chain acts as host and the anionic [Ag4(CF3COO)6]2– as guest molecules occupy the channel between neighboring host chains. This is a rare crystal example of AgCF3COO complex consisting of cationic complex chains and anionic guests. In addition, complex 1 exhibits luminescence at room temperature in solid state.
Effects of Different Amount of Crystalline Solvate Molecules on Solid Structures and Photophysical Properties of a Platinum(II) Moiety with 4,4′‐Dibromo‐2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligand
Authors: Gai Xu‐Qiao , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , Kang Jia‐Jia , Xu Liang , Zhang Jian‐Jun , Ni Jun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA platinum(II) complex Pt(DiBrbpy)Cl2 (1) based on 4,4′‐dibromo‐2,2′‐bipyridine ligand was synthesized and characterized. Interestingly, two solvated phases of 1 with different amounts of crystalline CH2Cl2 molecules, 1·1/3(CH2Cl2) (yellow) and 1·3/2(CH2Cl2) (red), were obtained. In the solid state, 1·1/3(CH2Cl2) exhibits a 3D supramolecular structure based on Pt(DiBrbpy)Cl2 monomer and emits a weak yellow luminescence at 541 nm (579, sh). In contrast, 1·3/2(CH2Cl2) displays a 2D layer structure based on Pt(DiBrbpy)Cl2 dimeric units and has a strong red luminescence centered at 624 nm. The results show that crystalline solvate molecule amount can not only influence the packing structures but also photophysical properties of the platinum moiety in solid state. Furthermore, the absorption and luminescence spectra of both phases were studied by TD‐DFT calculations.
Pre‐surgical Administration of Microbial Cell Preparation in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tan Chun Khui , Said Suraya , Rajandram Retnagowri , Wang Zhiqiang , Roslani April Camilla , Chin Kin Fah 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionDisruption of normal gut function is a common side effect post abdominal surgery. It may result in reduced tolerance to oral nutrition and progress to postoperative ileus. Microbial cell preparation is beneficial as a pre‐surgical nutritional supplement to aid in bowel recovery and promote the return of normal gut function following abdominal surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pre‐surgical administration of microbial cell preparation in promoting the return of normal gut function.MethodThe study is a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. In total, 40 patients were recruited. Patients were randomized to receive either microbial cell preparation (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) for 7 days prior to elective surgery. The primary end point was the time to return of normal gut function, while the secondary end point was the duration of hospital stay.ResultsThe treatment group demonstrated significantly faster return of normal gut function with a median of 108.5 h (80–250 h) which was 48 h earlier than the placebo group at a median of 156.5 h (94–220 h), p = 0.022. The duration of hospital stay in the treatment group was also shorter at a median of 6.5 days (4–30 days), in comparison to the placebo group at 13 days (5–25 days), p = 0.012.ConclusionPre‐surgical administration of microbial cell preparation promotes the return of normal gut function in patients after colorectal cancer surgery, thus associated with faster recovery and shorter duration of hospital stay.
Adjuvant I‐131 Lipiodol After Resection or Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Schwarz Lilian , Bubenheim Michael , Gardin Isabelle , Huet Emmanuel , Riachi Ghassan , Clavier Erick , Goria Odile , Vera Pierre , Scotté Michel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground and objectivesHigh rates of recurrence have been observed after curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The main aim of this study was to establish the influence of adjuvant transarterial radioembolization‐based I‐131 lipiodol on survival and recurrence.MethodsBetween 2004 and 2010, 38 patients were treated with adjuvant I‐131 lipiodol therapy, at a dosage of 2220 MBq, within 4 months after surgery. This treated cohort was compared to a control cohort consisting of 42 consecutive patients operated prior to the time the I‐131 lipiodol treatment became available.ResultsRecurrence‐free survival in the control and in the I‐131 lipiodol cohort was 12.6 and 18.7 months, respectively (HR = 1.871, p = 0.025). At 2 and 5 years, the cumulative incidence of a first recurrence or death was, respectively, 50 % and 61 % in the treated cohort versus 69 % and 74 % in the control cohort. Median overall survival was 55 and 29 months, respectively (p = 0.051). Among patients with a recurrence at 2 years, more patients had already experienced such recurrence at 1 year in the control cohort (70 % vs 33 %, p = 0.014).ConclusionsAdjuvant I‐131 lipiodol improves disease‐free survival in patients with HCC.
Simulation study of wake encounters with straight and deformed vortices
Authors: Vechtel D. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTA simulation study was conducted in order to investigate the influence of vortex deformation on wake encounter characteristics. Wake vortices tend to be strongly deformed during the decay process, depending on the atmospheric conditions in terms of turbulence and thermal stratification. For quantification of the influence of vortex deformation, encounters of an aircraft of the ‘Medium’ category behind a generator aircraft of the ‘Heavy’ category were simulated with straight vortices and with realistically deformed vortices derived from large-eddy simulations. All relevant parameters that influence the encounter characteristics, such as encounter angles and positions, were varied within a wide range. In order to cover all kinds of vortex deformation, encounters with different vortex ages from 16-136 seconds were simulated. Hence, all relevant phases during the vortex decay from nearly straight and wavy vortices to vortex rings were considered.The parameter variation study revealed that on average the impact on the encountering aircraft is less with deformed vortices than with straight vortices of comparable strength. Especially with vortex rings, the encountering aircraft is exposed to a much smaller impact. However, the results also show a larger aircraft response during encounters with wavy vortices just prior to vortex linking. The maximum aircraft response with wavy vortices is stronger than with straight vortices of comparable strength. Also, the strongest encounters occur under greater encounter angles with deformed vortices than with straight ones.
Pose estimation in runway end safety area using geometry structure features
Authors: Wang X. , Yu H. , Feng D. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTA novel image-based method is presented in this paper to estimate the poses of commercial aircrafts in a runway end safety area. Based on the fact that similar poses of an aircraft will have similar geometry structures, this method first extracts features to describe the structure of an aircraft's fuselage and aerofoil by RANdom Sample Consensus algorithm (RANSAC), and then uses the central moments to obtain the aircrafts’ pose information. Based on the proposed pose information, a two-step feature matching strategy is further designed to identify an aircraft's particular pose. In order to validate the accuracy of the pose estimation and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, we construct a pose database of two common aircrafts in Asia. The experiments show that the designed low-dimension features can accurately capture the aircraft's pose information and the proposed algorithm can achieve satisfied matching accuracy.
Orbital transfer vehicle (OTV) system sizing study for manned GEO satellite servicing
Authors: Chudoba B. , Coleman G. , Gonzalez L. , Haney E. , Oza A. , Ricketts V. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIn an effort to quantify the feasibility of candidate space architectures for astronauts servicing Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, a conceptual assessment of architecture-concept and operations-technology combinations has been performed. The focus has been the development of a system with the capability to transfer payload to and from geostationary orbit. Two primary concepts of operations have been selected: (a) Direct insertion/re-entry (Concept of Operations 1 – CONOP 1); (b) Launch to low-earth orbit at Kennedy Space Center inclination angle with an orbital transfer to/from geostationary orbit (Concept of Operations 2 – CONOP 2). The study concludes that a capsule and de-orbit propulsion module system sized for the geostationary satellite servicing mission is feasible for a direct insertion/re-entry concept of operation CONOP 1. Vehicles sized for CONOP 2 show overall total mass savings when utilising the aero-assisted orbital transfer vehicle de-orbit propulsion module options compared to the pure propulsive baseline cases. Overall, the consideration of technical, operational and cost factors determine if either the aero-assisted orbital transfer vehicle concepts or the re-usable/expendable ascent/de-orbit propulsion modules is the preferred option.
Thick-skinned tectonics and basement-involved fold–thrust belts: insights from selected Cenozoic orogens
Authors: LACOMBE OLIVIER , BELLAHSEN NICOLAS 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDefining the structural style of fold–thrust belts and understanding the controlling factors are necessary steps towards prediction of their long-term and short-term dynamics, including seismic hazard, and to assess their potential in terms of hydrocarbon exploration. While the thin-skinned structural style has long been a fashionable view for outer parts of orogens worldwide, a wealth of new geological and geophysical studies has pointed out that a description in terms of thick-skinned deformation is, in many cases, more appropriate. This paper aims at providing a review of what we know about basement-involved shortening in foreland fold–thrust belts on the basis of the examination of selected Cenozoic orogens. After describing how structural interpretations of fold–thrust belts have evolved through time, this paper addresses how and the extent to which basement tectonics influence their geometry and their kinematics, and emphasizes the key control exerted by lithosphere rheology, including structural and thermal inheritance, and local/regional boundary conditions on the occurrence of thick-skinned tectonics in the outer parts of orogens.
Prevention of gentamicin ototoxicity with N-acetylcysteine and vitamin A
Authors: Aladag I , Guven M , Songu M 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjective:To investigate the use of systemic N-acetylcysteine and vitamin A in the prevention of gentamicin ototoxicity in rats.Methods:Forty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups according to treatment: intratympanic saline, intratympanic gentamicin, intraperitoneal vitamin A after intratympanic gentamicin, and intraperitoneal N-acetylcysteine after intratympanic gentamicin. Signal-to-noise ratio and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were evaluated in all groups.Results:N-acetylcysteine had a significant protective effect at 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz, whilst vitamin A had a significant protective effect at 2, 3, 4 and 6 kHz, as determined by the distortion product otoacoustic emission measurements. According to the signal-to-noise measurements, N-acetylcysteine had a significant protective effect at 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz, whilst vitamin A had a significant protective effect at 3, 6 and 8 kHz.Conclusion:Gentamicin-induced hearing loss in rats may be prevented by the concomitant use of vitamin A and N-acetylcysteine. Specifically, N-acetylcysteine appeared to have a more protective effect than vitamin A for a greater range of noise frequencies.
Insights on adaptive and innate immunity in canine leishmaniosis
Authors: HOSEIN SHAZIA , BLAKE DAMER P. , SOLANO-GALLEGO LAIA 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYCanine leishmaniosis (CanL) is caused by the parasiteLeishmania infantumand is a systemic disease, which can present with variable clinical signs, and clinicopathological abnormalities. Clinical manifestations can range from subclinical infection to very severe systemic disease. Leishmaniosis is categorized as a neglected tropical disease and the complex immune responses associated withLeishmaniaspecies makes therapeutic treatments and vaccine development challenging for both dogs and humans. In this review, we summarize innate and adaptive immune responses associated withL. infantuminfection in dogs, and we discuss the problems associated with the disease as well as potential solutions and the future direction of required research to help control the parasite.
Securing sustainability: the case for critical environmental security in the Arctic
Authors: Greaves W. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe politics, economies, and ecology of the Arctic region are experiencing fundamental transformation driven largely by human-caused environmental change. Drawing on the work of Robert Cox, this article presents a critical account of environmental security that allows security issues in the Arctic to be reconceptualised. It outlines the environmental changes transforming the Arctic, and theorises the Arctic as a regional environmental security complex in which conditions of security for state and non-state referent objects are predicated on a particular ecological context. It then surveys state- and human security issues in the Arctic, and argues that environmental change has destabilised the ecological base on which the contemporary Arctic as a cooperative region supportive of human activity has been built. The article concludes by outlining alternative ways of conceiving of Arctic security that are more compatible with maintaining the region's ecological base, and suggests that dominant approaches to Arctic security are pathological because they remain premised on the control, extraction and consumption of hydrocarbon resources. It argues that, in the context of the geological Anthropocene, security cannot be sustainable if it fails to address the relationship between human wellbeing and human-caused environmental change, or informs practices that further contribute to environmental change.
Evaluation of the ‘Jumping to conclusions’ bias in different subgroups of the at-risk mental state: from cognitive basic symptoms to UHR criteria
Authors: Rausch F. , Eisenacher S. , Elkin H. , Englisch S. , Kayser S. , Striepens N. , Lautenschlager M. , Heinz A. , Gudlowski Y. , Janssen B. , Gaebel W. , Michel T. M. , Schneider F. , Lambert M. , Naber D. , Juckel G. , Krueger-Oezguerdal S. , Wobrock T. , Hasan A. , Riedel M. , Moritz S. , Müller H. , Klosterkötter J. , Bechdolf A. , Zink M. , Wagner M. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundPatients with psychosis display the so-called ‘Jumping to Conclusions’ bias (JTC) – a tendency for hasty decision-making in probabilistic reasoning tasks. So far, only a few studies have evaluated the JTC bias in ‘at-risk mental state’ (ARMS) patients, specifically in ARMS samples fulfilling ‘ultra-high risk’ (UHR) criteria, thus not allowing for comparisons between different ARMS subgroups.MethodIn the framework of the PREVENT (secondary prevention of schizophrenia) study, a JTC task was applied to 188 patients either fulfilling UHR criteria or presenting with cognitive basic symptoms (BS). Similar data were available for 30 healthy control participants matched for age, gender, education and premorbid verbal intelligence. ARMS patients were identified by the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms (SIPS) and the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument – Adult Version (SPI-A).ResultsThe mean number of draws to decision (DTD) significantly differed between ARM -subgroups: UHR patients made significantly less draws to make a decision than ARMS patients with only cognitive BS. Furthermore, UHR patients tended to fulfil behavioural criteria for JTC more often than BS patients. In a secondary analysis, ARMS patients were much hastier in their decision-making than controls. In patients, DTD was moderately associated with positive and negative symptoms as well as disorganization and excitement.ConclusionsOur data indicate an enhanced JTC bias in the UHR group compared to ARMS patients with only cognitive BS. This underscores the importance of reasoning deficits within cognitive theories of the developing psychosis. Interactions with the liability to psychotic transitions and therapeutic interventions should be unravelled in longitudinal studies.
Psychometric characteristics of the Muslim Religiosity Scale in Iranian patients with cancer
Authors: Saffari Mohsen , Pakpour Amir H. , Mortazavi Seyed Fattah , Koenig Harold G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjective:Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Religiosity is a factor that may help cancer patients to cope with their disease. The aim of the current study was to validate a Persian translation of the Muslim Religiosity Scale (MRS) in a population of Iranian patients with cancer.Method:Two thousand patients were invited to participate in this multisite study, of whom 1,879 participated. Patients completed a demographic questionnaire, the MRS, and several scales, including the Patient Health Questionnaire–9, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the SF–12 quality of life measure. Backward–forward translation was employed to develop a Persian-language version of the MRS. Cronbach's alpha and two-week test–retest reliability were also assessed. Convergent and discriminative validity as well as the factor structure of the scale were also examined.Results:The internal reliability (α) of the religious practices and beliefs subscales was 0.88 and 0.92, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.92 (range = 0.75–1.0). The scale demonstrated solid convergent and discriminative validity. Factor analysis indicated two main factors, as predicted, with an appropriate goodness of fit (χ2 = 76.23, RMSEA = 0.065). Such factors as marital status, quality of life, social support, and self-efficacy were positively associated with MRS total score, while anxiety, depression, and suicide ideation had negative associations.Significance of results:The MRS is a useful tool for assessing religiosity in Iranian patients with cancer and is associated with a number of important health outcomes.