bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die ärztliche Schweigepflicht – neue Grenzen nach dem Germanwings-Absturz
Authors: Oehler Tim 
Published: June 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas ärztliche Berufsgeheimnis zeigt Auflösungstendenzen. Einzelne große Katastrophen lassen den Ruf zur Systemänderung ertönen: Ärzte sollen vermehrt ihr Wissen über Patienten zur Gefahrverhinderung teilen. Diese ethisch begründete Forderung allein gibt dem Arzt keine Rechtfertigung zur „großzügigen Handhabe“ der Durchbrechung seines Arztgeheimnisses. Daher sollte bei einer staatsanwaltschaftlichen Praxisdurchsuchung der Behandler nur den Weg zur gesuchten Akte zeigen, diese jedoch beschlagnahmen lassen. Einzig ein strenger Umgang mit dem Arztgeheimnis bewahrt das unabdingbare Vertrauen gegenüber dem Arzt. Andernfalls pervertiert dieses zukünftig in ein Denunzianten-Arzt-Bild. Welches Vorgehen bei Krankheit einem Piloten zu empfehlen ist (z. B. arbeits- oder versicherungsrechtliches Vorgehen, Stichwort: Krankentagegeld-Versicherung), lässt sich in der Kürze nicht darstellen. Aber auch hier gilt: Keine Kommunikation mit dem Rechtsanwalt des Piloten ohne Entbindung von der Schweigepflicht.
Perception of tones in Mandarin and Dutch adult listeners
Authors: Liu Liquan , Chen Ao , Kager René 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper examines the nature of categorical perception (CP) effects in Mandarin and Dutch adult listeners through identification and discrimination tasks using lexical tonal contrasts and through the CP index analysis. In identification tasks, Mandarin listeners identify tones in accordance with their native tonal categories whereas Dutch listeners do so based on acoustic properties. In discrimination tasks, Dutch listeners outperform Mandarin listeners especially in tonal steps on the continuum falling within the Mandarin tonal category boundary, whereas Mandarin listeners display high sensitivity in discrimination of stimuli falling across the native boundary. The CP index analysis shows a higher degree of CP in Mandarin (categorical perception) than in Dutch (psycho-acoustic perception) listeners.
Corpus-based methods for Comparative Translation and Interpreting Studies
Authors: Calzada Pérez María 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Comparative Translation and Interpreting Studies (CTIS1) encompasses all research processes resulting from the comparison of theories, products, and practices associated with the tasks performed by translators and interpreters during their work. A specific set of comparative methods and tools are derived from Corpus-based Translation and Interpreting Studies (CTIS2). In an attempt to conduct CTIS1 from a CTIS2 perspective, this article applies (modern diachronic) corpus-based ideas, such as priming theory and corpus tools, to build a comparative methodology and analysis with the European Comparable and Parallel Corpus (ECPC) archive. The article focuses on the notions of difference and similarity to better understand the field.
Globalization, translation, and cultural diversity
Authors: Brisset Annie , Godbout Marielle 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The share of the economy related to translation activities is growing steadily under the influence of the globalization of exchanges. Today it numbers dozens of billions of which an increasing share belongs to machine translation. Various factors, such as migratory flows or the propagation of mobile telephony, prompt new translation practices in a variety of languages with simultaneous coverage enabled by networks. Nevertheless, is it true as we intuitively believe that translation promotes linguistic and cultural diversity? This article originates from a study conducted for UNESCO’s world report on cultural diversity (2009). This study notably reveals that 75% of all books are translated from three languages with 55% being from English. On a planetary scale, translation is dominated by some twenty languages, primarily European. In the new world economic order, the urgent and paradoxical task is to “rebabelize” the world.
Translation studies communities in Spain and South Korea
Authors: Wang Weili , Li Xiangdong 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Translation Studies (TS), while being one academic discipline, may develop differently in different regions under the influence of sociocultural contextual factors. TS communities in different societies may have different research foci and standards. However, to date, there has been little empirical research into such regional variations. By piloting a cross-national comparative study of the TS communities in Spain and South Korea, this study aims to identify and map the research foci and standards of the two TS communities, describe and explain real or apparent differences and similarities between them, and ultimately enhance understanding and awareness of possible particularities in different TS communities. Scholarly articles published in 24 international, Spain-based and Korea-based TS journals were systematically analyzed. The contributions of Spain-based and Korea-based scholars were compared diachronically. Results suggest that the two TS communities have differences in research foci, methodology, and authorship, and that over time the differences seem to decrease, potentially attributed to context-specific factors of the two TS communities.
Translator training in Canada and Russia
Authors: Dmitrienko Gleb 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to shed some light onto contemporary translation didactics as a “virgin” field of applied TS that cannot be successfully developed without a new, multidisciplinary approach that would put forward the specificity of translator training as a distinct, socially valuable practice. We hypothesize that as socially-specific, practice-oriented products of the interaction between the systems of translation and of professional education, translator training programs are dependent on the social perception of translating activity as well as on the degree of its institutionalization as a profession. Given that contemporary translation and interpretation practices, as well as translator training programs, are limited to local manifestations, the social and cultural discrepancies impede any comparativism in this field of applied TS. However, in applying a sociological approach to translator training, we propose a methodological framework for a sociologically-informed comparative analysis that would lift the cultural and institutional barriers that until now have been distorting our vision of translation as a global social practice and have thus prevented us from conducting comparative analysis of a wide variety of translational phenomena as manifested in different locales, conceived in terms of both time and space. In order to illustrate our propositions, we present the reader with a case study of the most prototypical translator training programs in Canada and Russia – countries that, due to the differences in the theoretical, practical and didactic setup of their respective fields of translation and interpretation, offer appropriate support for our comparative methodology.
Kronos: a workflow assembler for genome analytics and informatics
Authors: Taghiyar M. Jafar , Rosner Jamie , Grewal Diljot , Grande Bruno M. , Aniba Radhouane , Grewal Jasleen , Boutros Paul C. , Morin Ryan D. , Bashashati Ali , Shah Sohrab P. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background:
The field of next-generation sequencing informatics has matured to a point where algorithmic advances in sequence alignment and individual feature detection methods have stabilized. Practical and robust implementation of complex analytical workflows (where such tools are structured into “best practices” for automated analysis of next-generation sequencing datasets) still requires significant programming investment and expertise.

Results:
We present Kronos, a software platform for facilitating the development and execution of modular, auditable, and distributable bioinformatics workflows. Kronos obviates the need for explicit coding of workflows by compiling a text configuration file into executable Python applications. Making analysis modules would still require programming. The framework of each workflow includes a run manager to execute the encoded workflows locally (or on a cluster or cloud), parallelize tasks, and log all runtime events. The resulting workflows are highly modular and configurable by construction, facilitating flexible and extensible meta-applications that can be modified easily through configuration file editing. The workflows are fully encoded for ease of distribution and can be instantiated on external systems, a step toward reproducible research and comparative analyses. We introduce a framework for building Kronos components that function as shareable, modular nodes in Kronos workflows.

Conclusions:
The Kronos platform provides a standard framework for developers to implement custom tools, reuse existing tools, and contribute to the community at large. Kronos is shipped with both Docker and Amazon Web Services Machine Images. It is free, open source, and available through the Python Package Index and at https://github.com/jtaghiyar/kronos.
Comparative performance of the BGISEQ-500 vs Illumina HiSeq2500 sequencing platforms for palaeogenomic sequencing
Authors: Mak Sarah Siu Tze , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Carøe Christian , Geng Chunyu , Liu Shanlin , Sinding Mikkel-Holger S , Kuderna Lukas F K , Zhang Wenwei , Fu Shujin , Vieira Filipe G , Germonpré Mietje , Bocherens Hervé , Fedorov Sergey , Petersen Bent , Sicheritz-Pontén Thomas , Marques-Bonet Tomas , Zhang Guojie , Jiang Hui , Gilbert M Thomas P 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Ancient DNA research has been revolutionized following development of next-generation sequencing platforms. Although a number of such platforms have been applied to ancient DNA samples, the Illumina series are the dominant choice today, mainly because of high production capacities and short read production. Recently a potentially attractive alternative platform for palaeogenomic data generation has been developed, the BGISEQ-500, whose sequence output are comparable with the Illumina series. In this study, we modified the standard BGISEQ-500 library preparation specifically for use on degraded DNA, then directly compared the sequencing performance and data quality of the BGISEQ-500 to the Illumina HiSeq2500 platform on DNA extracted from 8 historic and ancient dog and wolf samples. The data generated were largely comparable between sequencing platforms, with no statistically significant difference observed for parameters including level (P = 0.371) and average sequence length (P = 0718) of endogenous nuclear DNA, sequence GC content (P = 0.311), double-stranded DNA damage rate (v. 0.309), and sequence clonality (P = 0.093). Small significant differences were found in single-strand DNA damage rate (ΔS; slightly lower for the BGISEQ-500, P = 0.011) and the background rate of difference from the reference genome (Θ; slightly higher for BGISEQ-500, P = 0.012). This may result from the differences in amplification cycles used to polymerase chain reaction–amplify the libraries. A significant difference was also observed in the mitochondrial DNA percentages recovered (P = 0.018), although we believe this is likely a stochastic effect relating to the extremely low levels of mitochondria that were sequenced from 3 of the samples with overall very low levels of endogenous DNA. Although we acknowledge that our analyses were limited to animal material, our observations suggest that the BGISEQ-500 holds the potential to represent a valid and potentially valuable alternative platform for palaeogenomic data generation that is worthy of future exploration by those interested in the sequencing and analysis of degraded DNA.
Two distinct metacommunities characterize the gut microbiota in Crohn's disease patients
Authors: He Qing , Gao Yuan , Jie Zhuye , Yu Xinlei , Laursen Janne Marie , Xiao Liang , Li Ying , Li Lingling , Zhang Faming , Feng Qiang , Li Xiaoping , Yu Jinghong , Liu Chuan , Lan Ping , Yan Ting , Liu Xin , Xu Xun , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Madsen Lise , Brix Susanne , Wang Jianping , Kristiansen Karsten , Jia Huijue 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The inflammatory intestinal disorder Crohn's disease (CD) has become a health challenge worldwide. The gut microbiota closely interacts with the host immune system, but its functional impact in CD is unclear. Except for studies on a small number of CD patients, analyses of the gut microbiota in CD have used 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Here we employed metagenomic shotgun sequencing to provide a detailed characterization of the compositional and functional features of the CD microbiota, comprising also unannotated bacteria, and investigated its modulation by exclusive enteral nutrition. Based on signature taxa, CD microbiotas clustered into 2 distinct metacommunities, indicating individual variability in CD microbiome structure. Metacommunity-specific functional shifts in CD showed enrichment in producers of the pro-inflammatory hexa-acylated lipopolysaccharide variant and a reduction in the potential to synthesize short-chain fatty acids. Disruption of ecological networks was evident in CD, coupled with reduction in growth rates of many bacterial species. Short-term exclusive enteral nutrition elicited limited impact on the overall composition of the CD microbiota, although functional changes occurred following treatment. The microbiotas in CD patients can be stratified into 2 distinct metacommunities, with the most severely perturbed metacommunity exhibiting functional potentials that deviate markedly from that of the healthy individuals, with possible implication in relation to CD pathogenesis.
Business intelligence serious game participatory development: lessons from ERPsim for big data
Authors: Labonte-LeMoyne Elise , Leger Pierre-Majorique , Robert Jacques , Babin Gilbert , Charland Patrick , Michon Jean-François 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
A major trend in enterprise resource planning software (ERP) is to embed business analytics tools within user-centered roles in enterprise software. This integration allows business users to get better and faster insight to action. As a consequence, it is imperative for business students to learn how to use these new tools to adequately prepare them for new expectations in the industry. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors propose a new serious game, called ERPsim for big data, to enable the learner to acquire abilities at each level of the business analytics learning taxonomy. To maximize the pedagogical impact of the game, participatory design (PD) with professors as co-designers was used during game development.

Findings
This case study presents the PD approach and analyses the efficacy of the proposed new simulation.

Originality/value
The authors conclude by providing recommendations and lessons learned from this approach.
COMFED: the new challenges of diversification
Authors: Dhir Sanjay , Dhir Swati 
Published: June 2017

Subject area
COMFED, Bihar State Co-operative Milk Federation Ltd., which involved 6 lakh farmers across India in 2012, was a rural organisation established in 1983 as the implementing agency of Operation Flood programme of dairy development on “Anand” pattern in Bihar. In 1983, COMFED started with just 1,030 cooperatives, which had risen to 11,400 in 2012. Apart from B2C segment of milk and milk products in Bihar and Jharkhand, COMFED’s major revenue source was its B2B business where they sent bulk milk to Kolkata, Manesar and Delhi. They supplied to Amul and Mother Dairy, which were the biggest Indian cooperatives, and allowed them to use their own brand names. In 2012, Mrs Harjot Kaur, the Managing Director of COMFED, aspired to market COMFED products all over India under the “Sudha” brand, with special focus on National Capital Region region. Moreover, Mrs Kaur also wanted to expand COMFED’s geographical reach to other countries such as Bangladesh and Bhutan.

Study level/applicability
Strategic management, Diversification.

Case overview
Mrs Harjot Kaur was the Managing Director of Bihar State Co-operative Milk Federation (COMFED). COMFED is a rural organisation involving 6 lakh farmers. Starting with just 1,030 cooperatives in 1983, the number of cooperatives had risen to 11,400 in 2012. The milk production was 11 lakh litres per day, and the annual turnover in 2011-2012 was Rs 1,503.00 crore, 11 per cent more than that of previous year. Mrs Kaur was committed to serve COMFED customers and realise the dream of having at least one dish of Bihar in the plate of every Indian. Mrs Kaur envisaged COMFED producing 44 lakh litres milk per day from the existing 11 lakh litres per day, covering around 60 per cent villages of the state against the existing 33 per cent in 2013. COMFED was also trying to capture new markets. At present COMFED sent bulk milk to Delhi, Manesar and Kolkata, where it was sold by various dairy cooperatives such as Amul and Mother Dairy under their own brand names. Mrs Kaur aspired to market COMFED milk under the “Sudha” brand all over India. Moreover, Mrs Kaur was also looking to export to other countries such as Bangladesh and Bhutan. As Mrs Kaur was crafting the future path for COMFED, she also realised that above all the external challenges that exist, an internal vice – complacency – was the biggest hurdle her company had to face.

Expected learning outcomes
The case would be helpful for students to understand the concepts of competitive advantage, sustainable competitive advantage, industry structure, general environment, strategic positioning, diversification, internal analysis, external analysis and business level strategy in a strategic management course.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Gendered beliefs about glass ceiling in Egypt
Authors: Khedr Wessam 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
This paper explores gendered beliefs about the Glass Ceiling (GC) using a new measure, the “Career Pathway Survey” CPS, in an under-researched country, Egypt.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 438 employees in Egypt. Participants completed the CPS and other demographic and work measures. The CPS tests four GC beliefs: denial, resilience, acceptance and resignation.

Findings
Factor analysis validated the configuration of the four factors of the CPS. Descriptive tests showed the female sample with resignation belief, whereas male sample views their females counterparts as resilient. The chi-squared test showed differences in beliefs with different age groups, education level, marital status, number of children, job contracts, job tenure and managerial levels. Moreover, there are evidences of more intensive GC barriers in male-dominant organizations.

Originality/value
This paper is the first to: re-validate the CPS measure, examine demographic and work factor roles and the CPS, test CPS on a male sample and analyse differences between male and female beliefs according to gender-dominated sectors.
Gender, effort-reward imbalance at work, and burnout
Authors: Devonish Dwayne 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine gender as a key moderator in the relationship between effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and burnout among employees in Caribbean workplaces.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a survey sample of 323 employees in a small developing country in the Caribbean, this study tested the hypothesis that the stressor–strain relationship (captured by ERI and burnout) is stronger for women than for men.

Findings
The results revealed that the effect of high effort-low rewards (i.e. ERI) on burnout among females was significantly larger than its effect on burnout for males. In contrast, high effort-high rewards were significantly associated with higher burnout levels for males.

Research limitations/implications
The study used a cross-sectional approach using self-report measures of burnout, effort and rewards.

Practical implications
Management in organisations should ensure that male and female employees’ efforts and contributions at work are appropriately and fairly rewarded as a means of reducing negative effects of ERIs.

Originality/value
The study examined how gender moderated the adverse effects of a popular work-stress model on employee health in a developing country context.
The role of the gender diversity of audit committees in modelling the quality of management earnings forecasts of initial public offers in Malaysia
Authors: Ammer Mohammed Abdullah , Ahmad-Zaluki Nurwati A. 
Published: June 2017

PurposePresently, one of the major governance issues faced by management and shareholders of organizations is the gender composition of the boards of directors and audit committees. This study aims to examine the impact of gender diversity in audit committees on the accuracy of management earnings forecasts disclosure in initial public offering (IPO) prospectuses.Design/methodology/approachThe study sample comprises 190 Malaysian companies issuing IPOs that transformed into public companies during the period 2002-2012. Earnings forecasts accuracy (quality) is proxied by absolute forecast error and the study model is developed based on the frameworks of the signalling theory, the agency theory and the resource-dependence theory.FindingsThe study proposes that female directors introduce a set of specific features in the boardroom that serve to improve investor protection and efficient monitoring of management. However, findings reveal an insignificantly positive relationship between gender diversity in audit committees and absolute forecast error, which shows that more female directors in audit committees could translate into more errors and less accuracy in earnings forecasts.Practical implicationsConsidering the recent regulatory developments that encourage the number of women on the board of directors, the findings obtained have significant implications for policymakers. The study findings can also be invaluable to investors, investment analysts, market players and researchers.Originality/valueThe composition of the board of directors and audit committees in terms of gender plays a significant role in the promotion of effective corporate governance practices. This study is one of the pioneering studies that examines the advantages of gender diversity in the board of directors. It is also the first study to extend IPO literature by investigating the role of gender diversity in audit committees in the enhancement of accurate management earnings forecasts included in the IPO prospectuses.