bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging Fractures beneath a Residential Complex Using Novel 3-D Electrical Resistivity Arrays
Authors: Chávez René E. , Tejero Andrés , Cifuentes Gerardo , Hernández Esteban , Aguilar Diego 
Published: December 2015

Typical 3-D electrical resistivity tomography sampling schemes, which require a grid of electrode lines to be deployed, are limited by physical conditions of the area under study. New array techniques are needed to characterize the subsoil beneath anthropogenic or natural structures to define hazardous zones. Use of multiple L-shaped arrays overcome the need for a grid of electrodes by surrounding an area in a square of electrode lines; however, in some instances, the physical environment does not allow closure of a square of electrodes. An alternative array introduced in this investigation is termed the horseshoe array. The horseshoe array combines the L-shaped arrays with equatorial and minimum coupling arrays to overcome array closure problems. Three synthetic examples were investigated to establish the limitations of the horseshoe array, and to describe the geological conditions of the subsoil, e.g., building foundations and fractures.The first two examples represent two resistive cubes initially located in the southern and northern positions of the array, and then are moved to a diagonal of the array. In both examples, the cube located near the electrode lines was well defined, while the cube located near the line with no electrodes was not detected. On the other hand, a weak signal for the cube located along the diagonal was observed, but only when located near the electrode line. This alternative array revealed a low tri-dimensional resolution zone possessing an inverted triangular-shaped geometry towards the line with no electrodes.A third example consisted of a low resistivity thin fracture embedded in a highly resistive infill. The solution computed demonstrated that the horseshoe array can resolve the infill close to the surface; however, the thin fracture is masked by the infill.The above-mentioned methodology was applied on a residential complex named La Concordia. Several buildings within the residential area suffered strong structural damage caused by fractures and subsidence within the subsurface. The residential complex, consisting of six four-story buildings in an area 33 × 80 m2, is located towards the eastern region of Mexico City. The horseshoe geometry, combined with Wenner-Schlumberger, dipole-dipole, equatorial-dipole, and minimum-coupling arrays, was used to investigate the subsurface beneath the buildings.A maximum depth of 8 m was investigated. A pattern of elongated resistivity anomalies (northwest-southeast direction) were associated with possible fracturing or differential compaction. Such features are caused by intense water extraction of the poorly consolidated clays that cover most of the central portion of the Mexican Basin.
A comparative study of free-hand fine needle aspiration cytology and ultrasound guided fi ne needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of thyroid swellings at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences- a tertiary care centre in Nepal
Authors: Agarwal M , Sinha A K , Agrawal C S , Bhandary S , Tiwari A , Agarwal R K 
Published: December 2015

Background: Thyroid lesions are commonly encountered in clinical practice and it is mandatory to know and record the nature of pathology prior to definitive therapy. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a time tested, cheap, reliable and safe method to establish a cytological diagnosis of the nature of the disease. Ultrasound guided FNAC has the potential to reduce inadequacy rates and is regarded as the optimal cytological method for diagnosis. Objective: To compare the results of free-hand and ultrasound-guided FNAC of thyroid swellings and to find out the diagnostic reliability of free-hand FNAC and ultrasound-guided FNAC using histological diagnosis as the gold standard. Methods: Fifty-five patients with thyroid swelling who were subjected to free-hand and ultrasound-guided FNACs and who subsequently underwent surgery over one year were studied. Results: Ultrasound guided FNAC results revealed 72.75 % benign lesions and 25.45 % of malignant lesions, and free hand FNAC revealed 52.73 % benign and 16.36% malignant cases. A 14.55 % inadequacy rate was seen in the free hand group. Histological gold standard diagnosis comprised of 60 % benign and 40 % malignant cases. Sensitivity and specificity of free-hand and ultrasound guided FNAC in diagnosing malignancy of the thyroid were 56.25% and 100%; and 63.64% and 96.97% respectively. Conclusion: Free hand FNAC of thyroid swellings is more convenient and cost effective as compared to ultrasound guided FNAC. However, the diagnostic yield in ultrasound guided FNAC is significantly more in terms of accuracy especially in cystic and tiny lesions.Health Renaissance 2014;12(2): pp. 78-86
Microsatellites for Carpotroche brasiliensis (Flacourtiaceae), a useful species for agroforestry and ecosystem conservation
Authors: Bittencourt Flora , Alves Jackeline S. , Gaiotto Fernanda A. 
Published: December 2015

Premise of the study:We developed microsatellite markers for Carpotroche brasiliensis (Flacourtiaceae), a dioecious tree that is used as a food resource by midsize animals of the Brazilian fauna.Methods and Results:We designed 30 primer pairs using next‐generation sequencing and classified 25 pairs as polymorphic. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.5 to 1.0, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.418 to 0.907. The combined probability of exclusion was greater than 0.999 and the combined probability of identity was less than 0.001, indicating that these microsatellites are appropriate for investigations of genetic structure, individual identification, and paternity testing.Conclusions:The developed molecular tools may contribute to future studies of population genetics, answering ecological and evolutionary questions regarding efficient conservation strategies for C. brasiliensis.
Les conditions du suicide des professionnels agricoles
Authors: Prévitali Clément 
Published: December 2015

Ayant pour objectif de traiter du suicide des professionnels agricoles, nous partons de l’idée, partagée par tous les spécialistes de la question, qui fait de l’agriculture un secteur professionnel à risque. Pour autant, cet article donne l’occasion de nuancer ce constat puisque nous englobons cette étude dans une réflexion plus globale du milieu rural. Dans un premier temps, nous apportons quelques éléments de réflexion quant à l’impact du milieu de vie, notamment rural, sur le suicide. En effet, contrairement à ce qu’avait mis en évidence Durkheim, le milieu rural semble aujourd’hui plus touché par le suicide que le milieu urbain ; conséquence de la recomposition de la société rurale à travers la propagation d’un genre de vie urbain d’après Halbwachs. Dans un second temps, nous abordons plus précisément le suicide en agriculture. Étant entendu que la conduite suicidaire est un processus complexe, soumis à de multiples facteurs (économiques, sociaux, psychologiques, etc.), nous complétons notre analyse en proposant une nouvelle typologie des conditions des suicides chez les agriculteurs.
L’épreuve des « erreurs de cadre ». Le chercheur face à ses bourdes
Authors: Frétigné Cédric 
Published: December 2015

Le chercheur commet régulièrement des « erreurs de cadre » lorsqu’il mène ses investigations. Généralement, ces bourdes sont tues dans les productions académiques. On peut supposer qu’elles sont généralement vécues comme autant d’épreuves douloureuses par le chercheur. Le propos de cet article est de faire état de l’intérêt cognitif qu’il y a à analyser ses « erreurs de cadre ».
The Application of Grey-TOPSIS Method on Teaching Quality Evaluation of the Higher Education
Authors: Song Jing , Zheng Junhui 
Published: December 2015

The teaching quality of the higher school is not only related to the development of the students, but also related to the future of our country. It can find out the problems of the higher education for colleges to evaluate the teaching quality of the higher education. And it can provide the reference for the students to apply for the colleges. In this paper, we combine the grey correlation with TOPSIS
method and provide the improved Grey-TOPSIS method.
Then, we evaluate the teaching quality of the higher education. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation model can evaluate reasonably the teaching quality of the higher education. And it proves the validity and reliability of the method.
The Importance of Overhydration in Determining Peritoneal Dialysis Technique Failure and Patient Survival in Anuric Patients
Authors: Fan Stanley , Davenport Andrew 
Published: December 2015

Purpose Loss of residual renal function (RRF) is associated with an increased risk for peritoneal dialysis (PD) technique failure and patient death. We wished to determine which factors were associated with PD technique failure and patient mortality once urine output had fallen to <100 mL/day. Methods We followed 183 PD patients who lost RRF and who had measurements taken at that time of PD small solute clearances, ultrafiltration volume, PD transport status and multiple frequency bioelectrical impedance assessments (MFBIA) of extracellular water (ECW). Results Results: 119 (65%) patients had PD technique failure or died during a median follow-up of 20.8 (10.5–36) months. This group had more men (58.8% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.011), and were older 57.9 ± 14.7 vs. 49.3 years (p = 0.002). These patients had a higher median C-reactive protein 5.5 [4.8–8.2] vs (5.0 [2–6] p = 0.013), and greater comorbidity (Davies grade 1 [0–1] vs. 0[0–1], p<0.001, and a higher ratio of ECW/TBW (0.45 ± 0.07 vs 0.42 ± 0.04, p<0.001). There were no differences in icodextrin usage, small solute clearance or ultrafiltration volumes. On multivariate Cox regression, ECW excess was significantly associated with PD technique failure and patient survival (β 1.09, p<0.001 and β1.17, p = 0.005), respectively. Conclusions Loss of urine output requires PD to provide both adequate solute clearances and volume control. We found that PD technique failure and patient death were associated with ECW excess. Prospective interventional studies are required to determine whether correction of volume status improves PD patient outcomes.
Distribution Volume Assessment Compartment Modelling: Theoretic Phosphate Kinetics in Steady State Hemodialys Patients
Authors: Laursen Sisse H. , Buus Amanda , Jensen Morten H. , Vestergaard Peter , Hejlesen Ole K. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose Hyperphosphatemia constitutes a major problem in end-stage renal disease patients. At this stage, dialysis efficacy usually plays an important role in obtaining phosphate levels within the normal range. Currently, no practical tool capable of making individualized predictions about phosphate changes during and after hemodialysis (HD) have gained clinical acceptance. As a result, optimal dialysis prescriptions seem to be difficult to achieve. The objective of the present study was to develop and test a quantitative tool to predict intradialytic and postdialytic (2 hours) phosphate kinetics in HD therapy. This included distribution volume assessment. Methods The approach included compartment modeling. Various model attempts were produced and tested using experimental data that included 2 treatment regimens; conventional and nocturnal HD, with 2-hour postdialysis rebound. Graphical comparison and determination of R2 was applied to determine the best model variation. Results 1-, 2- and 3-compartment simulations were produced. Both 2- and 3-compartment model variations showed a close fit with the experimental data. However, a 3-compartment model showed the best graphical fit. This was supported by R2 values in the 0.951–0.979 range. Conclusions The 3-compartment model seems promising for prediction about plasma phosphate and holds the potential to be employed as a decision support tool and to enhance optimal dialysis prescriptions. Furthermore, the results provide specific suggestions about the distribution of phosphate in the body. Despite the promising results, further data and testing are necessary to validate the initial results.
Degree of Bacterial Microleakage at the Implant-Abutment Junction in Cone Morse Tapered Implants under Loaded and Unloaded Conditions
Authors: Tripodi Domenico , D'Ercole Simonetta , Iaculli Flavia , Piattelli Adriano , Perrotti Vittoria , Iezzi Giovanna 
Published: December 2015

Purpose Different results have been reported on the internal colonization of Cone Morse connections under in vitro dynamic loading. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the bacterial leakage in Cone Morse implant-abutment connections, both under loaded and unloaded conditions. Methods A total of 20 implants with a Cone Morse taper internal connection were used in this study. Ten were loaded under a special testing equipment (Test Group), while 10 were left unloaded (Control Group). The inner part of all implants was inoculated with 0.1 μl of a viable Enterococcus faecalis suspension. A force of 120 N was applied to the loaded implants, for a total of 500,000 cycles at 1 Hz. All the samples were checked daily, for a total of 14 days, and presence or absence of turbidity recorded. Results In the unloaded assemblies, bacterial contamination was found in 2 out of 10 implant-abutment junctions, on the 12th and 13th days. In the loaded implant-abutment connections, bacterial contamination was found in 2 out of 10 implant-abutment assemblies, on the 13th and on the 14th days. Conclusions The resistance of the Cone Morse implant-abutment junction reported in the literature and confirmed in the present study, where no differences in the percentages of microbial leakage were found in assemblies unloaded and in those subjected to a dynamic loading procedure, could help to explain the histological results in man of a lack of peri-crestal bone resorption in Cone Morse implants, placed below the level of the alveolar crest.
Bioactivity Enhancement of Titanium Induced by Nd: Yag Laser Pulses
Authors: Radmanesh Mitra , Kiani Amirkianoosh 
Published: December 2015

Purpose In this research, the effect of laser properties such as laser power and laser dwell time on the surface morphology and oxidizing of titanium have been investigated in order to enhance the bioactivity of laser textured titanium sheets. Methods The Ti samples were irradiated with nanosecond pulses to create the predetermined point patterns on the surface of sample sheets with specific laser parameters. Final bioactivity of the treated samples were evaluated through the use of simulated body fluid (SBF), followed by material characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive (EDX). Results It was observed that by increasing the roughness of the titanium surface samples using a range of dwelling time, and with different powers, titania with higher levels of surface energy in micro/sub-micro scales are produced. The use of laser results in a one-step heat increase and the oxidation of titanium, which results in creation of titania with higher cell adhesion abilities. Conclusions It was concluded that the variation of the surface roughness, surface morphology, and oxidation level of the material has a direct effect on the cell adhesion rate to the surface of the titanium. Upon completion of the analysis, it is concluded that using a higher power and a lower dwelling time results in better bioactivity improvement than using higher dwelling times and lower powers.
Effect of a Rapid Clinical Protocol to the Conversion from Central Venous Hemodialysis Catheter to Arteriovenous Access
Authors: Blessios George A. , Park Jeffrey M. , Barone Kathleen M. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose Evaluation of the rapid conversion protocol that includes an ambulatory dialysis access center (DAC), and a three-step clinical pathway, to the conversion rate from central venous hemodialysis (HD) catheter to functioning arteriovenous (AV) access. Methods Prospective data were collected on 97 consecutive catheter-dependent HD patients. DAC is defined as an ambulatory unit, able to accommodate clinic visits, ultrasound examinations, surgical, interventional and hybrid procedures. Step I: initial evaluation, vein mapping and creation of AV access. Step II: clinical evaluation in two weeks and if failure identified, secondary procedure to restore function. Step III: evaluation in four weeks after creation, and additional procedure to promote maturation if indicated. The success rate, time to conversion and time to catheter removal were recorded. Results From the 97 consecutive referred patients, eight patients were excluded. From the remaining 89 patients, 99% were successfully converted to AV access. Seventy-three percent of the patients were converted to native arteriovenous fistulae and 27% of the patients to prosthetic arteriovenous shunts. The median time from creation to HD catheter removal was 63 (SD 41) days. Fifty-two percent of the patients required at least one additional secondary procedure to accomplish successful conversion Conclusions High rates of timely conversion from catheter to AV access, primarily AV fistulae, can be accomplished within the context of the rapid conversion protocol.
Evaluation of Catheter Infection Rates in Converted Dialysis Catheters versus de Novo Placement in the Setting of Chlorhexidine Use
Authors: Criddle Jared M. , Hieb Robert A. , White Sarah B. , Patel Parag J. , Hohenwalter Eric J. , Tutton Sean M. , Rilling William S. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose Prior studies have reported infection rates of converting non-tunneled dialysis catheters (NTDCs) to tunneled dialysis catheters (TDCs) versus de novo placement of TDCs using povidone-iodine. Chlorhexidine, per the Center of Disease Control guidelines, has been exclusively used in our institution since 2005. Therefore, our study aims to determine whether there is a difference in infection rates between conversion and de novo placement when utilizing chlorhexidine. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis from 1/1/2009 to 8/10/2012 was performed of patients who underwent placement of NTDCs, which were subsequently converted to TDCs and those who underwent de novo TDC placement. To assess the rate of infection, the following data points were collected: date of procedure(s), indication, outcomes, site of catheter insertion, pre- and post-procedure laboratory values, complications, infection rates within the life of the initially placed catheter, catheter days, and survival. Results The conversion cohort was composed of 205 patients, 135 of whom were lost to follow-up, leaving 70 patients. The de novo cohort included 70 randomly selected patients. Of the 70 patients who underwent conversion, 23 developed a catheter-related infection, with an infection rate of 0.26 events per 100 catheter days. Of the 70 de novo catheters, 20 developed infection with an infection rate of 0.25 events per 100 catheters days. Conclusion In this series, there is no difference in infection rates between conversion and de novo TDC placement when utilizing chlorhexidine as the sterilization agent. However, these infection rates are superior to those reported when using povidone-iodine.
Language and Meter in Early English, Dutch, German, and Russian Iambic Verse
Authors: Kazartsev Evgeny 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article offers a comparative study of how iambic verse was realized during the early modern era. The focus is on the “rhythmic freedom” of verse as well as on the linguistic and historical determinants of that freedom. Special attention is devoted to omissions of metrical stress and the development of differences in the rhythmic profile of the English, Dutch, German, and Russian iamb. The study investigates the link between the average number of syllables in the rhythmic words of each language and the degree of strictness in the realization of metrical structure. The results we have obtained give grounds for considering that the length of words is not—as scholars have previously thought—the decisive factor in allowing verse to free itself from its metrical bounds. A comparative analysis of identical types of versification in different languages allows us to view this issue quite differently. It frequently turns out that not the linguistic but the historical conditions of creating of the new versification have the decisive influence on the nature of the interaction between meter and language.
Lixiviación y secado de hojuelas de nim (Azadirachta indica) para obtener un insecticida botánico
Authors: Nyberg Malin , Picado Apolinar , Gamero Rafael , Martínez Joaquín 
Published: December 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar experimentalmente la viabilidad de mejorar el procesamiento de hojuelas de nim en columnas, mediante la realización de la lixiviación del insecticida sin la remoción intermedia del solvente no-polar; y mediante la simultánea realización de ambas etapas de lixiviación. El secado de los solventes remanentes en las hojuelas de nim también se estudió experimentalmente. En la parte de lixiviación, los parámetros estudiados fueron tiempo de lixiviación, grosor de hojuelas, relación de volumen de solventes y volumen total de solventes. Estos parámetros mostraron tener una gran influencia en el rendimiento de los compuestos insecticidas, pero la influencia de la relación de solventes fue la más importante. Se demostró que más metanol que hexano tuvo que ser empleado para obtener un mayor rendimiento de compuestos insecticidas. El rendimiento de aceite fue influenciado principalmente por el grosor de las hojuelas. En la parte de secado, la temperatura del flujo de aire entrante tiene influencia en el proceso. Conclusiones sobre el tiempo de secado o la velocidad de secado no son posibles de realizar a partir de los resultados de los experimentos. Las variaciones en el tiempo de secado son demasiadas grandes y la velocidad de secado parece ser independiente de las condiciones de la etapa de lixiviación anterior.
Ouderenmishandeling
Authors: Plaisier I. , de Klerk M. 
Published: December 2015

Exploring the nature and extent of elder abuse
Older people can become victims of abuse by someone they know and whom they depend on, such as family, friends or professional caregivers. Elder abuse is not always intentional, sometimes it is due to care falling short. Conducting a study to explore the prevalence of elder abuse is difficult. Commissioned by the Dutch State Secretary for Health, Welfare and Sport, the Netherlands Institute for Social Research (SCP) has brought together the current knowledge on this topic using the most recent data drawn from qualitative research, surveys of older persons, professionals and volunteers, and record data. The sources together do not produce an unambiguous picture of the actual number of victims in the Netherlands. All sources produce far lower figures than the estimated 200,000 based on a study of twenty years ago. The numbers found depend strongly on the research method and definition of the phenomenon.