bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution of von Willebrand factor–GPIbα interactions to persistent aggregate formation in apheresis platelet concentrates
Authors: Feys H. B. , Van Aelst B. , Devloo R. , Vandekerckhove P. , Compernolle V. 
Published: December 2015

Background and ObjectivesApheresis platelet concentrates sometimes contain persistent aggregates (PA). Because apheresis involves extracorporeal circulation, we hypothesized that interactions between GPIbα and von Willebrand factor (VWF) underlie their origin.Materials and MethodsPlatelets in donations with PA were compared to aggregate‐free (AF) controls. Flow cytometry was used to determine platelet bound VWF. Degranulation was measured using P‐selectin expression in flow cytometry and cytokine release using immunosorbent assays. Platelet adhesion to VWF was assessed in hydrodynamic flow and real‐time video microscopy.ResultsPlatelets in PA concentrates had significantly more (P = 0·009, n ≥ 8) bound VWF compared to AF platelets, but differences in VWF concentration, VWF collagen binding, activated VWF or GPIbα expression were not found. Degranulation was higher (P = 0·030, n = 7) in PA than AF concentrates on day 1 of storage, but adhesion to immobilized VWF under hydrodynamic flow conditions was normal at that moment. On day 6, however, significantly less VWF adhesion (P = 0·009, n ≥ 6) was found for PA platelets compared to AF, indicating accelerated storage lesion in PA products. In a model that mimicks PA formation by chemically induced binding of VWF to platelets, we found that degranulation, phosphatidylserine expression and metabolism did not differ with paired controls at any time during subsequent storage.ConclusionAccelerated storage lesion is found in concentrates with PA, but this cannot be explained solely by increased platelet bound VWF following apheresis. Therefore, additional stressors are probably responsible for the increases observed in platelet degranulation and storage lesion in products with PA.
La crítica literaria frente a las narrativas afrohispanoamericanas: generalizaciones y racialización
Authors: Valero Silvia 
Published: December 2015

<p>El presente trabajo intenta problematizar la fuerza con que la retórica de las producciones de identidad “afrodescendiente” ha ingresado en la crítica literaria hispanoamericana de los últimos años, provocando, en algunos casos, lecturas generalizadoras y racializadas que naturalizan la idea de pre-existencia y trans-historicidad de un “ser afro”. </p>
Ese espejismo de dos caras: estrategias de la modernización cultural en Venezuela (siglo XIX)
Authors: Silva Beauregard Paulette 
Published: December 2015

<p>El trabajo intenta revisar algunos temas ligados a la ampliación del público lector y a las prácticas y sociabilidades que estaban en juego en los proyectos letrados venezolanos del siglo XIX. Se detiene, por tanto, en los usos que los escritores hicieron de los medios y nuevos formatos que tuvieron a su alcance, al tiempo que examina algunos casos concretos, referidos a momentos decisivos en la circulación de los impresos (la introducción de la imprenta, la apropiación de géneros modernos como el folletín o la adopción de técnicas de reproducción de imágenes), que permitan mostrar la complejidad de los problemas y algunas vías para acercarse a ellos.</p>
Un algoritmo genético eficiente para el strip-packing problem
Authors: Gatica Gustavo , Villagrán Gonzalo , Contreras-Bolton Carlos , Linfati Rodrigo , Escobar John Willmer 
Published: December 2015

<p>Given a set of rectangular pieces and a fixed width with infinite length, the strip-packing problem (SPP) of two dimensions (2D), with a rotation of pieces in 90° consists of orthogonally placing all the pieces on the strip, without overlapping them, minimizing the height of the strip used. Several algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem, being Genetic Algorithms one of the most popular approach due to it effectiveness solving NP-Hard problems. In this paper, three binary representations, and classic crossover and mutation operators are introduced. A comparison of the three binary representations on a subset of benchmarking instances is performed. The representation R2 outperforms the results obtained by representation R1 and R3. Indeed, some of the best-known results found by previous published approaches are improved. </p>
Reseña del libro Epistemologías de la política educativa: desafíos analíticos y debates teóricos en un campo emergente
Authors: Nieto Gimena 
Published: December 2015

<p class="p1">Este libro presenta las epistemologías propias del campo de la investigación en política educativa, un área específica sobre la que hay poco escrito. Como se concluye en la reseña, “el libro puede ser especialmente recomendable para teóricos interesados en estudiar, conocer y comprender mediante un punto de vista crítico cuáles son los modos en que se investiga en las Ciencias Sociales específicamente en el campo de las Epistemologías de la Política Educativa”. Asimismo, por sus características puede brindar aportes significativos, actualizados y válidos a los académicos latinoamericanos implicados en un debate reflexivo acerca de la propia práctica de investigación, como así también la deconstrucción de las perspectivas actuales para la apertura de nuevos modos de producción de conocimiento. </p><p class="p2">César Tello (coord.) (2013). <em>Epistemologías de la política educativa: posicionamientos, perspectivas y enfoques</em>. Campinas: Mercado de Letras.</p>
Movilidad académica made in SOUTH: reflexión sobre las motivaciones de los estudiantes brasileños y colombianos
Authors: Correia-Lima Manolita , Riegel Viviane 
Published: December 2015

<p class="p1">Este artículo de investigación trata sobre la movilidad académica internacional espontánea y profundiza en los factores que mueve a los estudiantes universitarios a invertir en un <em>séjour </em>de estudio fuera de su país de origen. Utiliza el método <em>survey </em>de naturaleza exploratoria con base en dos grupos de muestras no probabilísticas: 249 estudiantes brasileños y 237 colombianos. Al momento de tabular, los materiales documentales y bibliográficos sirvieron de base para la interpretación de los datos. Sabiendo que las motivaciones pueden ser clasificadas como personales, académicas y profesionales, se concluye que mientras los estudiantes brasileños asocian la movilidad académica a factores de orden personal, los colombianos se movilizan más por factores académicos. </p>
La producción escrita de los estudiantes universitarios de nuevo ingreso
Authors: Álvarez-Álvarez Manuela , Boillos-Pereira María del Mar 
Published: December 2015

<p class="p1">Este artículo de investigación presenta un análisis de las producciones escritas por estudiantes universitarios recién ingresados en un contexto de examen. El objetivo es ofrecer una descripción pormenorizada de la naturaleza lingüístico-discursiva de estas producciones, e identificar algunos problemas asociados a la composición de este tipo de textos. Para este fin se lleva a cabo un estudio cuantitativo de cuatro niveles de análisis: la estructura, el planteamiento retórico, el nivel lingüístico y el uso de la información. Los desafíos que emergen de tales producciones proporcionan indicios valiosos para la elaboración de propuestas didácticas orientadas a la mejora de la enseñanza de esta competencia. </p>
O papel supervisor dos mediadores dos cursos de educação e formação de adultos: entre o discurso e a prática
Authors: Ferreira-Loureiro Armando Paulo Paulo , Vilhena-Soares Margarida , Santos-Silva Helena 
Published: December 2015

<p class="p1">En la última década surgió en Portugal un conjunto de nuevos agentes en el campo de la educación para adultos. Los mediadores de los cursos EFA son unos de esos agentes. Este artículo se enfoca en el análisis, a partir de una investigación empírica (sustentada en entrevistas con mediadores y en la observación y registro de las reuniones de los equipos pedagógicos coordinados por ellos) realizada en una escuela, de las funciones de supervisión inherentes a su cargo. El propósito de esta investigación fue intentar percibir de qué modo estos mediadores ejercen esas funciones. Los resultados nos llevan a concluir que los mediadores que participaron en este estudio actúan de una forma tendencialmente empírica y que la presunción del ejercicio de la supervisión está más presente en el discurso que en la práctica. </p>
LA ARQUITECTURA CONCEPTUAL DEL PRINCIPIO DE SEPARACIÓN DE PODERES
Authors: Bonilla-Maldonado Daniel Eduardo 
Published: December 2015

<p>El artículo describe y analiza la estructura conceptual del principio de separación de poderes. En consecuencia, describe y analiza las premisas de las que parte, los conceptos básicos que construye, el tipo de sujeto particular que crea y las nociones de tiempo y espacio que compone. El artículo se divide en cuatro partes. En la primera parte, se presentan los componentes centrales de la interpretación dominante hoy en día del principio de separación de poderes. En la segunda parte del artículo, se explora la noción de sujeto que construye el principio de separación de poderes. Este construye un sujeto colectivo, el Estado, que se antropomorfiza y se presenta como un victimario y un sujeto individual, un individuo abstracto que se articula como una víctima del sujeto colectivo. En la tercera parte del escrito, se estudia la noción de tiempo que construye el principio de separación de poderes. El concepto de tiempo tiene dos dimensiones. La primera es la noción circular e infinita del tiempo en que<br />opera el principio. La segunda es la noción de tiempo que se entrecruza con la idea de cambio social que está imbricada en el principio de separación de poderes. En la cuarta y última sección del artículo, examino el concepto de espacio que construye el principio de separación de poderes. La geografía conceptual que elabora el principio tiene múltiples niveles. El principal es el del Estado-Nación. No obstante, el espacio del principio tiene también una dimensión interna y una externa a esta forma de pensar la organización de una comunidad política.</p>
LAS CLÁUSULAS ABUSIVAS EN LOS CONTRATOS DE CRÉDITO HIPOTECARIO. UNA MIRADA COMPARATIVA ENTRE ESPAÑA Y COLOMBIA
Authors: Bernal-Fandiño Mariana , Pico-Zúñiga Fernando Andrés 
Published: December 2015

<p>Este artículo pretende realizar un estudio sobre las cláusulas abusivas en los contratos de crédito hipotecario bajo una mirada comparativa entre la evolución que ha tenido la materia durante la reciente crisis inmobiliaria en España y la situación jurídica en Colombia, que atravesó una crisis similar a finales de los años noventa y hoy cuenta con el amparo primordial del Estatuto del Consumidor, el régimen de protección del consumidor financiero, entre otros. Se analizan mecanismos interpretativos del activismo judicial y hasta cierto punto externos al Derecho Privado —supranacionales y constitucionales— que han generado a su vez cambios legislativos en ambos países. </p>
GENERAL CONTEXT OF CARRIER OBLIGATIONS IN CONTRACTS OF CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA — REFERENCE TO SPANISH AND COLOMBIAN LAW
Authors: Jiménez-Valderrama Fernando 
Published: December 2015

<p>La regulación de los contratos de transporte marítimo de mercancías ha evolucionado desde un sistema de absoluta libertad hacia una limitación<br />de la libertad de las partes contractuales. La legislación en España y Colombia ha seguido esta evolución con una perspectiva internacional (Reglas de la Haya – Visby, Reglas de Hamburgo y las recientes Reglas de Rotterdam). En España, la Ley de Navegación Marítima de 2014 y algunas normas del Código de Comercio colombiano muestran esta tendencia. Bajo la legislación actual en España y en Colombia, todas las formas contractuales de transporte marítimo se han construido sobre el resultado de transporte, como la más importante prestación en estos<br />tipos de contratos, aun en los esquemas fletamentarios (como en el caso de la legislación española).</p>
Development on Rubber Bearings for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor: Part 1 — Examination Plan
Authors: Yamamoto Tomohiko , Kawasaki Nobuchika , Fukasawa Tsuyoshi , Okamura Shigeki , Somaki Takahiro , Samejima Yusuke , Masaki Nobuo 
Published: December 2015

This paper describes the past preliminary examination results and the new characteristic examination plans of the thick laminated rubber bearing for the application to Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR).
The preliminary examination focusing on mechanical characteristics such as shear modulus with a 1/8-scale model (ϕ= 200 mm) and creep characteristics with a 1/13-scale model (ϕ= 120 mm) were carried out [1]. With the basic mechanical characteristic examination, the basic design formulas were temporarily confirmed. Furthermore, to establish the creep prediction formula, the creep characteristic examination has been carried out and the creep amount during the plant life has been approximately predicted.
To obtain the mechanical properties of thick laminated rubber bearing with the scale-effect, the basic mechanical characteristic examination, including the ultimate behavior test, with the 1/2-scale model (ϕ= 800 mm) will be planned to confirm design margin with clarifying the ultimate limit curve under the bi-axial loading such as shear strain and the normal stress. Moreover, the deterioration promoted examination will be planned. The object of this examination is intended to grasp the degree of aging that may be caused by environmental effects during the plant life. By the accelerated deterioration examination results, the influence by aging on the mechanical characteristic and ultimate behavior of the laminated rubber bearing could be evaluated.
Study on Laminated Type Base Isolation Device Using Urethane Erastomer for Practical Application
Authors: Ishihana Kenta , Furuya Osamu , Goda Kengo , Omata Shohei 
Published: December 2015

Base isolation system will be aggressively applied to not only architectural and civil structures but also various structures, because the effectiveness on seismic safety had been demonstrated again in the Great East Japan Earthquake.
In this study, the research and development of laminated type base isolation device using urethane elastomer has been carried out to upgrade a seismic safety for various structures. The fundamental characteristics have been investigated from several loading test by using various experimental devices, and the design formula for the stiffness and equivalent damping coefficient is formulated as an approximate expression of mechanical characteristics until now. Moreover, the experimental examination for aged deterioration in the urethane material has been continuously carried out.
This paper summarizes the mechanical characteristics based on the loading test up to 500% shear strain using experimental specimen with 100×100 mm cross-sectional shape, base isolation effect from time response analysis using nonlinear element model of urethane elastomer and the accelerated aging test for verifying the aging of practical use.
Performance Criteria for Liquid Storage Tanks and Piping Systems Subjected to Seismic Loading
Authors: Vathi Maria , Karamanos Spyros A. , Kapogiannis Ioannis A. , Spiliopoulos Konstantinos V. 
Published: December 2015

In this paper, performance criteria for the seismic design of industrial liquid storage tanks and piping systems are proposed, aimed at defining a performance-based design framework towards reliable development of fragility curves and assessment of seismic risk. Considering “loss of containment” as the ultimate damage state, the proposed performance limits are quantified in terms of local quantities obtained from a simple and efficient earthquake analysis. Liquid storage tanks and the corresponding principal failure modes (elephant’s foot buckling, roof damage, base plate failure, anchorage failure and nozzle damage) are examined first. Subsequently, performance limits for piping systems are presented in terms of local strain at specific piping components (elbows, Tees and nozzles), against ultimate strain capacity (tensile and compressive) and low-cycle fatigue.
Modeling issues for liquid storage tanks and piping systems are also discussed, for an efficient analysis that provides reliable estimates of local strain demand. These models are compared successfully with available experimental data. Using those reliable numerical models, the proposed performance limits are applied in two case studies: (a) a liquid storage tank and (b) a piping system, both located in areas of high seismicity.
Recent Revisions of SRP 3.7 and 3.8
Authors: Lebbi Ikbal , Moslemian Javad 
Published: December 2015

During U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews of Design Certifications (DC) and Combined License (COL) applications, the NRC staff identified several technical issues related to seismic analysis and structural design of the containment and other seismic Category I structures and foundations. These technical issues resulted in a need of improved technical guidance to facilitate reviews of future DC and COL applications.
NUREG-0800, “Standard Review Plan (SRP)”, Sections 3.7 and 3.8 provide guidance related to the review of seismic analysis and structural design. NUREG-0800 SRP Sections 3.7 and 3.8 have been revised recently in an effort to enhance NRC staff guidance for the review of future DC and COL applications. SRP Sections 3.7 and 3.8 have not been revised since 2007. Recent revisions of these Sections have been completed in 2013, except for SRP 3.7.1, only a “DRAFT” revision was completed in 2013.
The objective of this paper is to briefly describe the important technical issues that presented technical challenges to the applicants during the NRC staff review process of DC and COL applications, and the proposed enhancements to the specific Sections of SRP 3.7 and 3.8. The paper presents complete details of the recent revisions of NUREG-0800 SRP Sections 3.7.1, 3.7.2, 3.7.3, 3.8.1, 3.8.3, 3.8.4, and 3.8.5.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Rifampin in Pregnant Women with Tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Denti Paolo , Martinson Neil , Cohn Silvia , Mashabela Fildah , Hoffmann Jennifer , Msandiwa Reginah , Castel Sandra , Wiesner Lubbe , Chaisson Richard E. , McIlleron Helen , Dooley Kelly E. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Effective treatment of tuberculosis during pregnancy is essential for preventing maternal and fetal mortality, but little is known about the effects of pregnancy on the disposition of antituberculosis drugs. We explored the effects of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of rifampin, the key sterilizing drug in tuberculosis treatment, in Tshepiso, a prospective cohort study involving pregnant HIV-infected women with or without tuberculosis in Soweto, South Africa. Participants receiving standard first-line tuberculosis treatment underwent sparse sampling for rifampin at 37 weeks' gestation or delivery and then postpartum. Cord blood was collected when possible. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to investigate the effects of pregnancy on rifampin pharmacokinetics. Among the 48 participants, median age and weight were 28 years and 67 kg, respectively. A one-compartment model with first-order elimination, transit compartment absorption, and allometric scaling described the data well. Pregnancy reduced rifampin clearance by 14%. The median (interquartile range) model-estimated rifampin area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h (AUC
0–24
) during pregnancy or intrapartum was 40.8 h · mg/liter (27.1 to 54.2 h · mg/liter) compared to 37.4 h · mg/liter (26.8 to 50.3 h · mg/liter) postpartum. The maximum concentrations were similar during pregnancy and postpartum. Rifampin was detectable in 36% (8/22) of cord blood samples, and 88% (42/48) of the women had successful treatment outcomes. There was one case of perinatal tuberculosis. In conclusion, rifampin clearance is modestly reduced during the last trimester of pregnancy. Exposures are only slightly increased, so dose adjustment during pregnancy is not needed. Rifampin was detected in cord blood samples when delivery occurred soon after dosing. The consequences of exposure to this potent inducer of metabolizing enzymes among HIV-exposed infants are unclear.
Inhibition of Efavirenz Metabolism by Sertraline and Nortriptyline and Their Effect on Efavirenz Plasma Concentrations
Authors: Melis Virginia , Usach Iris , Gandía Patricia , Peris José-Esteban 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Between 22 and 45% of HIV-positive subjects are likely to report symptoms of depression. Considering this background, a potential pharmacokinetic interaction between the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz (EFV) and two antidepressants, sertraline (SRT) and nortriptyline (NT), was studied. Rats were administered EFV alone or together with the antidepressants, and changes in the plasma levels and pharmacokinetic parameters of EFV were analyzed. Additional
in vitro
experiments with rat and human hepatic microsomes were carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect of SRT and NT on EFV metabolism by determining the formation rate of the major EFV metabolite (8-OH-EFV).
In vivo
studies showed similar increases in the plasma levels of EFV when it was coadministered with SRT or NT. However, the studies using rat hepatic microsomes showed a more potent inhibitory effect of NT than of SRT on the metabolism of EFV, with values for the 50% inhibition constant (IC
50
) and inhibitory constant (

K
i

) for NT about 9-fold lower than those for SRT. An equation was deduced that explains the similar
in vivo
effects of SRT and NT in spite of the different
in vitro
performance data. Using human hepatic microsomes, the strongest inhibitory effect was observed with SRT. In summary, pharmacokinetic interactions between EFV, SRT, and NT, associated with the inhibition of hepatic metabolism of EFV, have been detected in rats. Both antidepressants also inhibit EFV metabolism in human hepatic microsomes, but additional
in vivo
studies in humans are required to evaluate the clinical implication of this interaction.
Low-Dose Intestinal Trichuris muris Infection Alters the Lung Immune Microenvironment and Can Suppress Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Chenery Alistair L. , Antignano Frann , Burrows Kyle , Scheer Sebastian , Perona-Wright Georgia , Zaph Colby 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Immunological cross talk between mucosal tissues such as the intestine and the lung is poorly defined during homeostasis and disease. Here, we show that a low-dose infection with the intestinally restricted helminth parasite
Trichuris muris
results in the production of Th1 cell-dependent gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and myeloid cell-derived interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the lung without causing overt airway pathology. This cross-mucosal immune response in the lung inhibits the development of papain-induced allergic airway inflammation, an innate cell-mediated type 2 airway inflammatory disease. Thus, we identify convergent and nonredundant roles of adaptive and innate immunity in mediating cross-mucosal suppression of type 2 airway inflammation during low-dose helminth-induced intestinal inflammation. These results provide further insight in identifying novel intersecting immune pathways elicited by gut-to-lung mucosal cross talk.
Yersinia Type III Secretion System Master Regulator LcrF
Authors: Schwiesow Leah , Lam Hanh , Dersch Petra , Auerbuch Victoria 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Many Gram-negative pathogens express a type III secretion (T3SS) system to enable growth and survival within a host. The three human-pathogenic
Yersinia
species,
Y. pestis
,
Y. pseudotuberculosis
, and
Y. enterocolitica
, encode the Ysc T3SS, whose expression is controlled by an AraC-like master regulator called LcrF. In this review, we discuss LcrF structure and function as well as the environmental cues and pathways known to regulate LcrF expression. Similarities and differences in binding motifs and modes of action between LcrF and the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
homolog ExsA are summarized. In addition, we present a new bioinformatics analysis that identifies putative LcrF binding sites within
Yersinia
target gene promoters.