bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Craniology and the Funerary Rite of the Population of Scythian Neapolis
Authors: Kazarnitsky Alexei A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article describes an attempt of the comparison between data assembled by archaeologists and physical anthropologists relating to group burials in earth catacombs of the Eastern Necropolis at Scythian Neapolis. A coincidence was identified between variability trends in craniometric and some archaeological features. This was interpreted as evidence for the presence in the urban population of at least two initial groups of different origin, which preserved certain differences in some of the details of the funerary rite used.
Diagnosing Conditions Associated with Large Intensity Forecast Errors in the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model
Authors: Halperin Daniel J. , Torn Ryan D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Understanding and forecasting tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change continues to be a paramount challenge for the research and operational communities, partly because of inherent systematic biases contained in model guidance, which can be difficult to diagnose. The purpose of this paper is to present a method to identify such systematic biases by comparing forecasts characterized by large intensity errors with analog forecasts that exhibit small intensity errors. The methodology is applied to the 2015 version of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model retrospective forecasts in the North Atlantic (NATL) and eastern North Pacific (EPAC) basins during 2011–14. Forecasts with large 24-h intensity errors are defined to be in the top 15% of all cases in the distribution that underforecast intensity. These forecasts are compared to analog forecasts taken from the bottom 50% of the error distribution. Analog forecasts are identified by finding the case that has 0–24-h intensity and wind shear magnitude time series that are similar to the large intensity error forecasts. Composite differences of the large and small intensity error forecasts reveal that the EPAC large error forecasts have weaker reflectivity and vertical motion near the TC inner core from 3 h onward. Results over the NATL are less clear, with the significant differences between the large and small error forecasts occurring radially outward from the TC core. Though applied to TCs, this analog methodology could be useful for diagnosing systematic model biases in other applications.
Why Do I Have to Drive Now? Post Hoc Explanations of Takeover Requests
Authors: Körber Moritz , Prasch Lorenz , Bengler Klaus 
Published: December 2017

Objective: It was investigated whether providing an explanation for a takeover request in automated driving influences trust in automation and acceptance. Background: Takeover requests will be recurring events in conditionally automated driving that could undermine trust as well as acceptance and, therefore, the successful introduction of automated vehicles. Method: Forty participants were equally assigned to either an experimental group provided with an explanation of the reason for a takeover request or a control group without explanations. In a simulator drive, both groups experienced three takeover scenarios that varied in the obviousness of their causation. Participants rated their acceptance before and after the drive and rated their trust before and after each takeover situation. Results: All participants rated acceptance on the same high level before and after the drive, independent of the condition. The control group’s trust ratings remained unchanged by takeover requests in all situations, but the experimental group showed decreased trust after experiencing a takeover caused by roadwork. Participants provided with explanation felt more strongly that they had understood the system and the reasons for the takeovers. Conclusion: A takeover request did not lower trust or acceptance. Providing an explanation for a takeover request had no impact on trust or acceptance but increased the perceived understanding of the system. Application: The results provide insights into users’ perception of automated vehicles, takeover situations, and a fundament for future interface design for automated vehicles.
Latin America’s Domestic Market and the Maintenance of Capitalism
Authors: Ramírez López Berenice Patricia 
Published: December 2017

Rodolfo Stavenhagen, in his classic essay “Seven Erroneous Theses about Latin America,” addressed the narrow domestic market, indicating that it was basically a matter of income distribution. It has become clear that the priorities of the Latin American ruling class are focused on the world market rather than the local-national one. During the past 40 years, this class has become more determined to play the role of intermediary, taking its place in the field of trade, commerce, and mainly speculative financial transactions that allow for immediate returns. It does not promote domestic productive investment or the strengthening of education, innovation, or development technology and therefore secure and protected employment. Inequality has increased across the region, along with increasing labor precarity (notably informal employment), and thus the internal market reflects productive and social segmentation and inequality. Rodolfo Stavenhagen en su clásico ensayo acerca de las 7 tesis equivocadas sobre América Latina aborda la cuestión del estrecho mercado interno señalando que es esencialmente una cuestión de distribución del ingreso. Ha quedado claro y más en el periodo neoliberal que la prioridad de la clase dominante latinoamericana está en el mercado mundial, no en lo local-nacional. Queda demostrado que en los últimos cuarenta años ha asumido con más determinación su papel de intermediaria, interesada en situarse en el ámbito del intercambio, del comercio y de las transacciones financieras, principalmente especulativas, que le permitan rentabilidades inmediatas. No promueve en el mercado interno las inversiones productivas ni el fortalecimiento de la educación ni la innovación ni el desarrollo tecnológico y por lo tanto el empleo seguro y protegido. La región muestra que la desigualdad se ha acentuado, que se acompaña de una creciente precarización del empleo, que el empleo informal es lo que más destaca y que por lo tanto el mercado interno expresa la segmentación y desigualdad productiva y social.
Factors Associated With Medication Engagement Among Older Adults With Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Choi Yoon Jeong , Smaldone Arlene M. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore the factors associated with medication engagement among older adults (≥60 years) with diabetes. Methods Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were systematically searched to identify studies examining the association between factors and medication engagement among older diabetes patients. A study met inclusion for meta-analysis if the prevalence of medication engagement or factor was reported in ≥2 studies and the frequency or strength of association was either reported or able to be computed. Quality appraisal was performed with the Downs and Black tool. Results Of 538 retrieved studies, 33 (20 cohort and 13 cross-sectional) were included for systematic review; of these, 22 met criteria for meta-analysis. Findings from meta-analysis show that women (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.97), those with depression (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.62-0.87), and those with higher out-of-pocket spending for prescription drugs (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.94) were less likely to take diabetes medication when compared with men, those without depression, and those with lower out-of-pocket costs, respectively. Older age (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.00-1.27) was associated with better engagement to diabetes medication. Conclusions Of 4 identified factors, 2 are modifiable. Recent policy efforts to decrease the cost burden of prescribed medication for older adults, such as Medicare Part D, may remove this barrier to medication engagement. Routine screening for depression among older adults with diabetes should be included as part of usual care to facilitate an integrated treatment approach.
A dynamic model for the drive and electro-mechanics of a solenoid based electronic fuel injector
Authors: Lillington Richard , Chetwynd Derek , Jones R. Peter 
Published: December 2017

Over recent decades, multiple iterations of emissions standards have drastically reduced the amount of polluting emissions permissible when operating commercial vehicles. Electrically controlled fuel injection systems have been crucial to achieving these standards. To be highly effective, each of the injector’s sub-systems must perform near optimally; but how can the highest standards of performance be maintained for an extended time in an aggressive, high-temperature, high-vibration, Diesel engine environment? One way might be to implicitly monitor valve condition. As a first step towards this aim, this paper discusses models of the interactions between the electrical drive and electro-hydraulic valve sub-systems of an injector developed using Matlab-Simulink®. This is a critical element in understanding how implicit sensing procedures might be developed that could provide robust, micro-second accurate injector performance across the unit’s 1 000 000 mile lifetime. Consideration is given to how the electronic controller generates drive current in the electro-magnetic sub-system and how this develops the Maxwell Pulling Force within the unit. The effect of this force on control valve pin displacement is then explored. To create a usefully representative model requires that feed-forward and feedback interactions between sub-systems are included. Various system models are described and demonstrated to be useful by comparison of their outputs to known data sets.
Keeping care connected: e-Consultation program improves access to nephrology care
Authors: Schettini Priscille , Shah Kevin P , O’Leary Colin P , Patel Malhar P , Anderson John B , Cho Alex H , Long Andrea L , Bosworth Hayden B , Cameron C Blake 
Published: December 2017

Introduction Health systems are seeking innovative solutions to improve specialty care access. Electronic consultations (eConsults) allow specialists to provide formal clinical recommendations to primary care providers (PCPs) based on patient chart review, without a face-to-face visit. Methods We implemented a nephrology eConsult pilot program within a large, academic primary care practice to facilitate timely communication between nephrologists and PCPs. We used primary care referral data to compare wait times and completion rates between traditional referrals and eConsults. We surveyed PCPs to assess satisfaction with the program. Results For traditional nephrology referrals placed during the study period (July 2016–March 2017), there was a 51-day median appointment wait time and a 40.9% referral completion rate. For eConsults, there was a median nephrologist response time of one day and a 100% completion rate; 67.5% of eConsults did not require a subsequent face-to-face specialty appointment. For eConsults that were converted to an in-person visit, the median wait time and completion rate were 40 days and 73.1%, respectively. Compared to traditional referrals placed during the study period, eConsults converted to in-person visits were more likely to be completed ( p = 0.001). Survey responses revealed that PCPs were highly satisfied with the program and consider the quick turnaround time as the greatest benefit. Discussion Our eConsult pilot program reduced nephrology wait times and significantly increased referral completion rates. In large integrated health systems, eConsults have considerable potential to improve access to specialty care, reduce unnecessary appointments, and optimize the patient population being seen by specialists.
Associations between the combined physical activity environment, socioeconomic status, and obesity: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hobbs M , Griffiths C , Green MA , Jordan H , Saunders J , McKenna J 
Published: December 2017

Aims: This study investigates associations between the combined physical activity environment and obesity and explores any sub-group effects by individual-level socioeconomic status. Methods: In a large cross-sectional cohort ( n = 22,889) from the Yorkshire Health Study, body mass index was calculated using self-reported height and weight and obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥ 30. The physical activity environment was split into ‘unfavourable physical activity’, ‘moderately favourable physical activity’ and ‘favourable physical activity’ environments. This was based on the count of parks and physical activity facilities within a 2 km radial buffer centred on home addresses. A favourable physical activity environment was defined as having ≥1 physical activity facility and ≥1 park, unfavourable as having no physical activity facility and park and any other combinations defined as moderately favourable. Logistic regression (odds ratios) identified associations with obesity. Results: Relative to ‘unfavourable physical activity environments’, individuals within favourable physical activity environments were less likely to be obese (odds ratio = 0.90; 95% confidence interval = 0.82–0.97), and there was no effect for moderately favourable environment. Furthermore, once stratified by education level, this relationship was only present for those of higher education. Conclusion: Our findings provide novel UK evidence and is one of the first papers internationally that highlights the importance of considering the interplay of individual-level socioeconomic factors when investigating associations between the physical activity environment and obesity.
Occlusion Detection Time in Insulin Pumps at Two Different Basal Rates
Authors: Freckmann Guido , Kamecke Ulrike , Waldenmaier Delia , Haug Cornelia , Ziegler Ralph 
Published: December 2017

Background: The detection of insulin infusion set (IIS) occlusions is an important feature of insulin pumps with regard to patient safety. However, there are no requirements for a time limit until an alarm has to be triggered after an occlusion occurred. The standard IEC 60601-2-24 is applicable for insulin pumps and describes test settings and procedures to determine occlusion detection time (ODT). Methods: In this study, ODT of six different insulin pump models with different IIS (in total 10 different insulin pump systems) was tested for two basal rates (1.0 U/h and 0.1 U/h). Results: Differences were seen between the tested pump systems. At a basal rate of 1.0 U/h all insulin pump systems showed an acceptable ODT of less than 5 hours. However, at a basal rate of 0.1 U/h, as often used in children, the median ODT ranged from approximately 4 hours to more than 40 hours. With the lower basal rate, median ODT was longer than 6-8 hours for 9 of the 10 systems. Conclusions: Insulin pump users should not blindly rely on occlusion alarms but perform regular glucose monitoring and manufacturers should develop mechanisms that allow an earlier detection at low basal rates.
High Rate of Return to Cycling After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Frank Rachel M. , Ukwuani Gift , Clapp Ian , Chahla Jorge , Nho Shane J. 
Published: December 2017

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is most commonly diagnosed in athletes who sustain repetitive flexion and rotational loading to their hip. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a patient’s ability to return to cycling after hip arthroscopy for FAIS. Hypothesis: There is a high rate of return to cycling after hip arthroscopy. Study Design: Retrospective analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Consecutive patients who had identified themselves as cyclists and had undergone hip arthroscopy for the treatment of FAIS were reviewed. Pre- and postoperative physical examinations, imaging, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) scores, including the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL) and Sports-Specific (HOS-SS) subscales, and visual analog scale for pain, as well as a cycling-specific questionnaire, were assessed for all patients. Results: A total of 58 patients (62% female; mean age, 30.0 ± 7.1 years; mean body mass index, 23.2 ± 2.7 kg/m2) were included. Prior to surgery, patients averaged 30 ± 42 miles per week (range, 2-300 miles). Fifty-five patients (95%) were forced to discontinue cycling at an average of 7.5 ± 6.2 months prior to surgery due to hip pain. Fifty-six patients (97%) returned to cycling at an average of 4.5 ± 2.5 months after surgery, with 33 (59%) returning to a better level of cycling and 23 (41%) to the same cycling level. Postoperatively, there was no difference in the average number of miles patients completed per week compared with preoperative values ( P = 0.08). At a mean follow-up of 31.14 ± 0.71 months (range, 24-48 months), all patients experienced significant improvements in mHHS, HOS-ADL, and HOS-SS PROs (all P < 0.0001), with an overall satisfaction rate of 91% ± 13%. Conclusion: Recreational and competitive cyclists return to cycling 97% of the time after hip arthroscopy for FAIS, with most of these patients returning at an average of 4.5 months after surgery. This information is helpful in counseling patients on their expectations with regard to returning to cycling after hip arthroscopy for FAIS. Clinical Relevance: Cyclists return to sport 97% of the time at an average of 4.5 months after hip arthroscopy for FAIS.
Splenic Syndrome in a Young Man at High Altitude with Undetected Sickle Cell Trait
Authors: Fernando CHKA , Mendis S , Upasena AP , Costa YJ , Williams HS , Moratuwagama D 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Splenic syndrome is a rare presentation of sickle cell disease. It is important to rule out this possibility when an ethnically vulnerable patient presents with an acute abdominal symptoms in a background of precipitating events. Case Report: A 26-year-old man who developed a severe abdominal pain at high altitude, found to have a tender splenomegaly. However, further inquiry revealed he is from an area where sickle cell disease is prevalent. Screening for sickle cell disease was positive. Radiological investigations confirmed a massive splenic infarction keeping with a diagnosis of splenic syndrome. Patient was managed conservatively. Conclusion: Sickle cell trait is considered a benign carrier state. However, rarely they can present with life-threatening conditions. Therefore, a high degree of clinical suspicion is required for early diagnosis of these specific entities to avoid increased morbidity and mortality of these patients.
Oxidative stress biomarkers and asthma characteristics in adults of the EGEA study
Authors: Andrianjafimasy Miora , Zerimech Farid , Akiki Zeina , Huyvaert Helene , Le Moual Nicole , Siroux Valérie , Matran Régis , Dumas Orianne , Nadif Rachel 
Published: December 2017

Asthma is an oxidative stress related disease, but associations with asthma outcomes are poorly studied in adults. We aimed to study the associations between several biomarkers related to oxidative stress and various asthma outcomes.Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in 1388 adults (mean age 43 years, 44% with asthma) from the Epidemiological Study of the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA2). Three blood antioxidant enzyme activities (biomarkers of response to oxidative stress) and exhaled breath condensate 8-isoprostanes and plasma fluorescent oxidation products (FlOPs) levels (two biomarkers of damage) were measured. Associations between biomarkers and 1) ever asthma and 2) asthma attacks, asthma control and lung function in participants with asthma were evaluated using regression models adjusted for age, sex and smoking.Biomarkers of response were unrelated to asthma outcomes. Higher 8-isoprostane levels were significantly associated with ever asthma (odds ratio for one interquartile range increase 1.28 (95% CI 1.06–1.67). Among participants with asthma, 8-isoprostane levels were negatively associated with adult-onset asthma (0.63, 0.41–0.97) and FlOPs levels were positively associated with asthma attacks (1.33, 1.07–1.65), poor asthma control (1.30, 1.02–1.66) and poor lung function (1.34, 1.04–1.74).Our results suggest that 8-isoprostanes are involved in childhood-onset asthma and FlOPs are linked to asthma expression.
Phoyunnanin E inhibits migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells via suppression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and integrin αv and integrin β3
Authors: Petpiroon Nareerat , Sritularak Boonchoo , Chanvorachote Pithi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background
The conversion of the epithelial phenotype of cancer cells into cells with a mesenchymal phenotype-so-called epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-has been shown to enhance the capacity of the cells to disseminate throughout the body. EMT is therefore becoming a potential target for anti-cancer drug discovery. Here, we showed that phoyunnanin E, a compound isolated from Dendrobium venustum, possesses anti-migration activity and addressed its mechanism of action.

Methods
The cytotoxic and proliferative effects of phoyunnanin E on human non-small cell lung cancer-derived H460, H292, and A549 cells and human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were investigated by MTT assay. The effect of phoyunnanin E on EMT was evaluated by determining the colony formation and EMT markers. The migration and invasion of H460, H292, A549 and HaCaT cells was evaluated by wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay, respectively. EMT markers, integrins and migration-associated proteins were examined by western blot analysis.

Results
Phoyunnanin E at the concentrations of 5 and 10 μM, which are non-toxic to H460, H292, A549 and HaCaT cells showed good potential to inhibit the migratory activity of three types of human lung cancer cells. The anti-migration effect of phoyunnanin E was shown to relate to the suppressed EMT phenotypes, including growth in anchorage-independent condition, cell motility, and EMT-specific protein markers (N-cadherin, vimentin, slug, and snail). In addition to EMT suppression, we found that phoyunnanin E treatment with 5 and 10 μM could decrease the cellular level of integrin αv and integrin β3, these integrins are frequently up-regulated in highly metastatic tumor cells. We further characterized the regulatory proteins in cell migration and found that the cells treated with phoyunnanin E exhibited a significantly lower level of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK) and phosphorylated ATP-dependent tyrosine kinase (p-AKT), and their downstream effectors (including Ras-related C3 botulinum (Rac-GTP); Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42); and Ras homolog gene family, member A (Rho-GTP)) in comparison to those of the non-treated control.

Conclusions
We have determined for the first time that phoyunnanin E could inhibit the motility of lung cancer cells via the suppression of EMT and metastasis-related integrins. This new information could support further development of this compound for anti-metastasis approaches.