bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overwintering seeds as reservoirs for seedling pathogens of wetland plant species
Authors: Crocker Ellen V. , Lanzafane Justin J. , Karp Mary Ann , Nelson Eric B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSeed germination and seedling establishment are central to the distribution and abundance of plant species in wetlands. While fungal and oomycete pathogens are known to affect seed viability and emergence, relatively little is known about which fungi and oomycetes are associated with seeds in the soil or how these species affect seeds and seedlings. We characterized the fungi and oomycetes associated with overwintering seeds in wetlands and determined their potential to influence seed germination and subsequent seedling mortality. Fungi and oomycetes did not affect seed germination, despite the isolation of high frequencies of known seed and seedling pathogens in the fungal genera Alternaria, Peyronellaea, Epicoccum, and Fusarium. However, many of the most frequently isolated fungal species from overwintering seeds were highly virulent to seedlings. While both native and nonnative plant species were tested, we did not observe consistent differences in either seed germination or seedling susceptibility based on the invasive status of plants tested, contrary to what we expected given several established hypotheses for invasive success. The high seedling virulence of fungi from overwintering seeds coupled with the differential abundance of some of the more pathogenic fungi among seeds of different plant species, led us to the conclusion that the fungal pathogens that colonize seeds in the seed bank over winter are likely to strongly impact subsequent seedling establishment in wetlands the following spring despite not reducing overwintering seed germination in the seed bank or differently effecting invasive plant species.
Risk factors for surgical site infection after supraclavicular flap reconstruction in patients undergoing major head and neck surgery
Authors: Goyal Neerav , Emerick Kevin S. , Deschler Daniel G. , Lin Derrick T. , Yarlagadda Bharat B. , Rich Debbie L. , Durand Marlene L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundSurgical site infections can adversely affect flaps in head and neck reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of surgical site infections in supraclavicular artery island flap reconstructions.MethodsRecords of patients undergoing head and neck surgery from 2011 to 2014 with supraclavicular artery island flap reconstruction at a single specialty hospital were reviewed; surgical site infections ≤30 days postoperatively were noted.ResultsOf 64 patients, 86% underwent resection for malignancy, 55% previously received radiation. Sixty‐three percent of surgeries were clean‐contaminated. Seven patients (11%) developed recipient site surgical site infections, all in patients who underwent clean‐contaminated surgery for malignancy. There was no complete flap loss. No significant differences in demographics or perioperative factors were noted. Oral cavity and laryngeal reconstructions (p = .014) and clean‐contaminated surgery (p = .04) were factors associated with increased surgical site infection risk on univariate but not multivariate analysis. Patients with surgical site infections had longer hospitalizations (p = .003).ConclusionThe supraclavicular artery island flap can be used for head and neck reconstruction with a low rate of surgical site infection. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708–1716, 2016
Adjuvant radiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy for the management of high‐risk salivary gland carcinomas
Authors: Mifsud Matthew J. , Tanvetyanon Tawee , Mccaffrey Judith C. , Otto Kristen J. , Padhya Tapan A. , Kish Julie , Trotti Andy M. , Harrison Louis B. , Caudell Jimmy J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundGiven the aggressive behavior of advanced salivary malignancies, the purpose of the current study was to explore the utility of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in this population.MethodsA retrospective study of salivary carcinomas treated from 1998 to 2013 with postoperative CRT (37 patients) or radiotherapy (RT; 103 patients) was completed.ResultsThe decision to utilize adjuvant CRT versus RT was influenced by tumor grade and histology, cervical lymph node status, surgical margins, and perineural invasion. In both treatment cohorts, high locoregional control rates were obtained (79% for CRT vs 91% for RT; p = .031). Multivariate Cox regression analysis did not identify a difference in 3‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) with the use of CRT versus RT (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.783; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.396–1.549; p = .482).ConclusionUntil prospective evidence is available, such as from Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 1008, the standard use of CRT for advanced salivary malignancies cannot be recommended. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708–1716, 2016
The influence of buffer system and biological fluids on the degradation of magnesium
Authors: Törne Karin , Örnberg Andreas , Weissenrieder Jonas 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe influence of frequently used buffer system 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)−1‐piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) compared to CO2/ on the corrosion of magnesium is investigated. Samples were immersed in simulated body fluid (m‐SBF) while monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for up to 30 days. In CO2/ the initial corrosion rate was 0.11 mm yr−1. An inner protective layer of magnesium oxide was formed within the first 30 min exposure and subsequently covered by an outer layer of apatite within 24 h. The corrosion mechanism thereafter is best described as passive pitting with a porosity of ∼10%. Using HEPES as buffer agent increased the corrosion rate to 3.37 mm yr−1. Cross sectional microscopy show a porous outer corrosion layer allowing rapid diffusion of aggressive ions through the film. Here the EIS results are best described by an active pitting model with an inner layer 5 to 10 times less protective compared to the inner layer formed without HEPES. Further the suitability of human whole blood and plasma as in vitro models for Mg degradation was evaluated. Mg corrosion caused coagulation after 24 h in both biological fluids. The corrosion during the first 24 h is similar to the corrosion in m‐SBF with HEPES. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1490–1502, 2017.
Periplasmic and extracellular production of cellulase from recombinant Escherichia coli cells
Authors: Yıldırım Zehra , Çelik Eda 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDSecretory production of recombinant enzymes in E. coli has significant advantages in bioprocess development, such as simplicity of purification, preventing proteolytic degradation, and providing greater access to substrates such as cellulose that opens the path to consolidated bioprocessing.RESULTSIn this study, an endoglucanase (Cel5A) from Fusarium graminearum was investigated for extracellular production in E. coli as a fusion to the YebF carrier protein, and compared with periplasmic production enabled by fusing the DsbA signal peptide to the N‐terminus of Cel5A. Yields of extracellular YebF‐Cel5A (175 mg L−1) were nearly 2‐fold higher than yields of periplasmic Cel5A. Periplasmic but not extracellular production of Cel5A increased ∼1.5‐fold following the addition of 0.4 mmol L−1 MgSO4 to the growth medium. While most of the divalent cations had an inhibitory effect on the periplasmic Cel5A activity, all cations tested enhanced the extracellular endoglucanase activity, with Co2+ having the highest activation (4.3‐fold increase). Moreover, YebF‐Cel5A had 20% higher residual activity than Cel5A following 1 h heat treatment.CONCLUSIONThe differences demonstrated for periplasmic and extracellular production of cellulases in E. coli provide the basis of bioprocess design parameters, paving the way to consolidated bioprocessing. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The practicality of using ozone with fruit and vegetables
Authors: Glowacz Marcin , Rees Deborah 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe fresh produce industry is constantly growing as a result of increasing consumer demand. Food quality and safety management are still major issues for the supply chain. The use of ozone has been identified as a feasible solution to reduce microorganisms present in food, in this way extending the shelf‐life of fresh produce. A number of factors that may affect the efficiency of ozone treatment have been identified, e.g. microbial populations, ozone concentration and time of exposure, type of produce, temperature, relative humidity and packaging material, and they are briefly discussed. Furthermore, practical information derived from studies with ozone conducted by the authors and from their knowledge of the subject directs the reader's attention to the key aspects of ozone use under commercial conditions, i.e. from the practical point of view. Finally, one possible direction for future research with the postharvest use of ozone, i.e. the important role of fruit cuticle in response to this postharvest treatment, is indicated. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
30‐day hospital readmission following otolaryngology surgery: Analysis of a state inpatient database
Authors: Graboyes Evan M. , Kallogjeri Dorina , Saeed Mohammed J. , Olsen Margaret A. , Nussenbaum Brian 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine patient and hospital‐level risk factors associated with 30‐day readmission for patients undergoing inpatient otolaryngologic surgery.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsWe analyzed the State Inpatient Database (SID) from California for patients who underwent otolaryngologic surgery between 2008 and 2010. Readmission rates, readmission diagnoses, and patient‐ and hospital‐level risk factors for 30‐day readmission were determined. Hierarchical logistic regression modeling was performed to identify procedure‐, patient‐, and hospital‐level risk factors for 30‐day readmission.ResultsThe 30‐day readmission rate following an inpatient otolaryngology procedure was 8.1%. The most common readmission diagnoses were nutrition, metabolic, or electrolyte problems (44% of readmissions) and surgical complications (10% of readmissions). New complications after discharge were the major drivers of readmission. Variables associated with 30‐day readmission in hierarchical logistic regression modeling were: type of otolaryngologic procedure, Medicare or Medicaid health insurance, chronic anemia, chronic lung disease, chronic renal failure, index admission via the emergency department, in‐hospital complication during the index admission, and discharge destination other than home.ConclusionApproximately one out of 12 patients undergoing otolaryngologic surgery had a 30‐day readmission. Readmissions occur across a variety of types of procedures and hospitals. Most of the variability was driven by patient‐specific factors, not structural hospital characteristics.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:337–345, 2017
Diet quality affects bait performance in German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)
Authors: Ko Alexander E , Schal Coby , Silverman Jules 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDBait formulations are widely used to control German cockroach (Blattella germanica) populations. To perform optimally, these formulations must compete favorably with non‐toxic alternative foods present within the insect's habitat. We hypothesized that the nutritional history of cockroaches and their acceptance or avoidance of glucose would affect their food preference and thus bait efficacy. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a controlled laboratory experiment, first providing glucose‐accepting and glucose‐averse cockroaches nutritionally defined diets and then offering them identical diets containing the insecticide hydramethylnon as a bait proxy to evaluate the effect of diets of differing macronutrient composition on bait performance.RESULTSThe interaction between diet composition and bait composition affected the survival of adult males as well as first‐instar nymphs exposed to excretions produced by these males. Survival analyses indicated different responses of glucose‐averse and glucose‐accepting insects, but generally any combination of diet and bait that resulted in high diet intake and low bait intake reduced secondary kill.CONCLUSIONSThis study represents a comprehensive examination of the effect of alternative foods on bait efficacy. We suggest that disparities between the nutritional quality of baits and the foods that are naturally available could profoundly impact the management of German cockroach infestations. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Activity Is Regulated by Pten Phosphorylation Through a Niche-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Jun , Tang Minghui , Xin Junping , Xu Yan , Volk Andrew , Hao Caiqin , Hu Chenglong , Sun Jiewen , Wei Wei , Cao Quichan , Breslin Peter , Zhang Jiwang 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The phosphorylated form of Pten (p-Pten) is highly expressed in &gt;70% of acute myeloid leukemia samples. However, the role of p-Pten in normal and abnormal hematopoiesis has not been studied. We found that Pten protein levels are comparable among long-term (LT) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), short-term (ST) HSCs, and multipotent progenitors (MPPs); however, the levels of p-Pten are elevated during the HSC-to-MPP transition. To study whether p-Pten is involved in regulating self-renewal and differentiation in HSCs, we compared the effects of overexpression of p-Pten and nonphosphorylated Pten (non-p-Pten) on the hematopoietic reconstitutive capacity (HRC) of HSCs. We found that overexpression of non-p-Pten enhances the LT-HRC of HSCs, whereas overexpression of p-Pten promotes myeloid differentiation and compromises the LT-HRC of HSCs. Such phosphorylation-regulated Pten functioning is mediated by repressing the cell:cell contact-induced activation of Fak/p38 signaling independent of Pten's lipid phosphatase activity because both p-Pten and non-p-Pten have comparable activity in repressing PI3K/Akt signaling. Our studies suggest that, in addition to repressing PI3K/Akt/mTor signaling, non-p-Pten maintains HSCs in bone marrow niches via a cell-contact inhibitory mechanism by inhibiting Fak/p38 signaling-mediated proliferation and differentiation. In contrast, p-Pten promotes the proliferation and differentiation of HSCs by enhancing the cell contact-dependent activation of Src/Fak/p38 signaling.
C9orf72 Hexanucleotide Expansions Are Associated with Altered Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Homeostasis and Stress Granule Formation in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons from Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Dafinca Ruxandra , Scaber Jakub , Ababneh Nida'a , Lalic Tatjana , Weir Gregory , Christian Helen , Vowles Jane , Douglas Andrew G.L. , Fletcher-Jones Alexandra , Browne Cathy , Nakanishi Mahito , Turner Martin R. , Wade-Martins Richard , Cowley Sally A. , Talbot Kevin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
An expanded hexanucleotide repeat in a noncoding region of the C9orf72 gene is a major cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), accounting for up to 40% of familial cases and 7% of sporadic ALS in European populations. We have generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from fibroblasts of patients carrying C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansions, differentiated these to functional motor and cortical neurons, and performed an extensive phenotypic characterization. In C9orf72 iPSC-derived motor neurons, decreased cell survival is correlated with dysfunction in Ca2+ homeostasis, reduced levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, C9orf72 motor neurons, and also cortical neurons, show evidence of abnormal protein aggregation and stress granule formation. This study is an extensive characterization of iPSC-derived motor neurons as cellular models of ALS carrying C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeats, which describes a novel pathogenic link between C9orf72 mutations, dysregulation of calcium signaling, and altered proteostasis and provides a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of ALS and the related neurodegenerative disease frontotemporal dementia.
Cover Image, Volume 8, Issue 3
Authors: Gonzalez Solveyra Estefania , Szleifer Igal 
Published: April 2016

The cover image, by Estefania Gonzalez Solveyra and Igal Szleifer, is based on the Overview What is the role of curvature on the properties of nanomaterials for biomedical applications?, DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1365.
image
Outbreak or Epidemic? How Obama’s Language Choice Transformed the Ebola Outbreak Into an Epidemic
Authors: Gesser-Edelsburg Anat , Shir-Raz Yaffa , Bar-Lev Oshrat Sassoni , James James J. , Green Manfred S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to examine in what terms leading newspapers’ online sites described the current Ebola crisis.MethodsWe employed a quantitative content analysis of terms attributed to Ebola. We found and analyzed 582 articles published between March 23 and September 30, 2014, on the online websites of 3 newspapers: The New York Times, Daily Mail, and Ynet. Our theoretical framework drew from the fields of health communication and emerging infectious disease communication, including such concepts as framing media literacy, risk signatures, and mental models.ResultsWe found that outbreak and epidemic were used interchangeably in the articles. From September 16, 2014, onward, epidemic predominated, corresponding to when President Barack Obama explicitly referred to Ebola as an epidemic. Prior to Obama’s speech, 86.8% of the articles (323) used the term outbreak and only 8.6% (32) used the term epidemic. Subsequently, both terms were used almost the same amount: 53.8% of the articles (113) used the term outbreak and 53.3% (112) used the term epidemic.ConclusionsEffective communication is crucial during public health emergencies such as Ebola, because language framing affects the decision-making process of social judgments and actions. The choice of one term (outbreak) over another (epidemic) can create different conceptualizations of the disease, thereby influencing the risk signature. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:669–673)
Hurricane Sandy Evacuation Among World Trade Center Health Registry Enrollees in New York City
Authors: Brown Shakara , Gargano Lisa M. , Parton Hilary , Caramanica Kimberly , Farfel Mark R. , Stellman Steven D. , Brackbill Robert M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTimely evacuation is vital for reducing adverse outcomes during disasters. This study examined factors associated with evacuation and evacuation timing during Hurricane Sandy among World Trade Center Health Registry (Registry) enrollees.MethodsThe study sample included 1162 adults who resided in New York City’s evacuation zone A during Hurricane Sandy who completed the Registry’s Hurricane Sandy substudy in 2013. Factors assessed included zone awareness, prior evacuation experience, community cohesion, emergency preparedness, and poor physical health. Prevalence estimates and multiple logistic regression models of evacuation at any time and evacuation before Hurricane Sandy were created.ResultsAmong respondents who evacuated for Hurricane Sandy (51%), 24% had evacuated before the storm. In adjusted analyses, those more likely to evacuate knew they resided in an evacuation zone, had evacuated during Hurricane Irene, or reported pre-Sandy community cohesion. Evacuation was less likely among those who reported being prepared for an emergency. For evacuation timing, evacuation before Hurricane Sandy was less likely among those with pets and those who reported 14 or more poor physical health days.ConclusionsHigher evacuation rates were observed for respondents seemingly more informed and who lived in neighborhoods with greater social capital. Improved disaster messaging that amplifies these factors may increase adherence with evacuation warnings. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:411–419)
Reactive control of isolated unsteady streaks in a laminar boundary layer
Authors: Bade Kyle M. , Hanson Ronald E. , Belson Brandt A. , Naguib Ahmed M. , Lavoie Philippe , Rowley Clarence W. 
Published: April 2016

This study is motivated by controlling transient growth and subsequent bypass transition of the laminar boundary layer to turbulence. In experiments employing a model problem, an active roughness element is used to introduce steady/unsteady streak disturbances in a Blasius boundary layer. This tractable arrangement enables a systematic investigation of the evolution of the disturbances and of potential methods to control them in real time. The control strategy utilizes wall-shear-stress sensors, upstream and downstream of a plasma actuator, as inputs to a model-based controller. The controller is designed using empirical input/output data to determine the parameters of simple models, approximating the boundary layer dynamics. The models are used to tune feedforward and feedback controllers. The control effect is examined over a range of roughness-element heights, free stream velocities, feedback sensor positions, unsteady disturbance frequencies and control strategies; and is found to nearly completely cancel the steady-state disturbance at the downstream sensor location. The control of unsteady disturbances exhibits a limited bandwidth of less than 1.3 Hz. However, concurrent modelling demonstrates that substantially higher bandwidth is achievable by improving the feedforward controller and/or optimizing the feedback sensor location. Moreover, the model analysis shows that the difference in the convective time delay of the roughness- and actuator-induced disturbances over the control domain must be known with high accuracy for effective feedforward control. This poses a limitation for control effectiveness in a stochastic environment, such as in bypass transition beneath a turbulent free stream; nonetheless, feedback can remedy some of this limitation.
Community-based conservation as a potential source of conflict around a protected area in Sierra Leone
Authors: LARSON LINCOLN R. , CONWAY APRIL L. , KRAFTE KATHLEEN E. , HERNANDEZ SONIA M. , CARROLL JOHN P. 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYCommunity-based conservation efforts are designed to foster local stewardship of important ecological resources. However, inequitable distribution of costs and benefits in communities surrounding protected areas can negatively impact livelihoods, increase wealth disparities and create conflict. To examine the potential for conflict between host communities involved in a community-based conservation program and neighbouring (non-host) communities, we explored local residents’ attitudes towards conservation at Tiwai Island Wildlife Sanctuary (TIWS) in Sierra Leone. Intercept surveys (n = 368) were conducted in 18 villages (eight host, ten non-host) within 8 km of TIWS during 2010. Results revealed significant differences between residents of the host and non-host villages with respect to attitudes towards resource use and overall support for site protection. The most substantial discrepancies centred on perceived benefits associated with TIWS, and these drastically different perspectives generated a high potential for conflict. To minimize conflict and foster broader community support for conservation, managers must carefully consider how benefits associated with protected areas are communicated and distributed across protected area-proximate landscapes.