bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Vegetation Cover Degradation Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques along Sudanese Red Sea Coast (Suakin to Ashad)
Authors: Fadoul Nuri Atiyat Abdalla , Ahmed Hamid Amna , Doka M. Ali El Abbas , Mohamed Salih Eltegani 
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to assess the vegetation cover degradation in the Sudanese Red Sea coast (from Suakin to Ashad) after the drought during the period from 2000 - 2011. Remote Sensing and GIS techniques were used beside field survey to conduct the study. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) terra 2000 -2001, 2005-2006 and 2010-2011 time-Series images mainly the 16 days Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) product and Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) images dated 2005 and 2010 were used. Unsupervised classification methods were used to detect vegetation cover of the study area. Based on field survey investigations, beside the data collected on the study area and image interpretation, it was evident that season 2005-2006 and season 2006-2010 are good seasons in the vegetation cover compared to season 2000-2001. Five land cover classes were detected; wet land, bare land and three classes of vegetation cover (dense vegetation, moderately dense vegetation and sparse vegetation cover). Spectral signatures of the three dominant land cover vegetation species were detected. Areas of the three classes of vegetation cover area (dense vegetation, moderately dense vegetation and sparse vegetation cover) were calculated per km2. The study concluded that MODIS could be used as a cost effective tool in assessing land cover changes and monitoring vegetation cover degradation.As well, it could also be used to detect fairly the different vegetation species in arid and semiarid regions.
Time-resolved intensity and spectral changes in a wide-ridge terahertz quantum cascade laser by optical pulse injection
Authors: Sakasegawa Yohei , Saito Shingo , Sekine Norihiko , Kasamatsu Akifumi , Ashida Masaaki , Hosako Iwao 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We report the intensity and spectral changes in a multi-mode terahertz quantum cascade laser induced by injecting λ = 800 nm optical pulses through a cavity facet. We find that photogenerated carriers, via modulation of the intersubband gain, increase the threshold current by up to 0.2 A and cause spectral changes such that the individual peaks of the multi-lateral-mode spectra are varied in amplitude with different ratios. It is found that the indirect recombination of electron–hole pairs and thermal relaxation on timescales of ∼700 ns and ∼10 µs, respectively, are involved in the recovery kinetics.
Reexaminations of the effects of magnetic field on the nucleation of undercooled Cu melt
Authors: Wang Jun , He Yixuan , Li Jinshan , Kou Hongchao , Beaugnon Eric 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The effect of a high static magnetic field on the nucleation of an undercooled Cu melt has been investigated using a glass slag fluxing technique in a 12 T superconductor magnet. Controlled heating cycles with and without a magnetic field are performed and the results indicate that the magnetic field has no single effect on the mean undercooling of undercooled Cu liquid, which is different from previous reports. The high static magnetic field can enhance the undercooling of Cu at first, and the effect is weakened with increasing number of heating cycles. The undercooling of undercooled Cu is saturated at around 250 K regardless of the magnetic field after a certain number of heating cycles. The effects are interpreted on the basis of the thermodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic effects of the magnetic field on the undercooled melt and the heterogeneous nucleation theory.
High-photon-yield scintillation detector with Ar/CF4 and glass gas electron multiplier
Authors: Fujiwara Takeshi , Mitsuya Yuki , Yanagida Takayuki , Saito Takumi , Toyokawa Hiroyuki , Takahashi Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The glass made gas electron multiplier (GEM) and Ar/CF4-gas-based gaseous detector is developed as a scintillation detector and ultra high photon yield is demonstrated. The light yield of a glass GEM (G-GEM)-based gaseous detector is estimated to be 85,000 photons/keV, which is three orders of magnitude brighter than inorganic scintillators. The radioluminescence spectrum peak appeared at around 620 nm, which matches the spectral response of commonly used photosensors such as photomultiplier tubes, photodiodes, CMOSs, CCDs, and other photo-sensors. In X-ray spectroscopy, the light yield showed excellent proportionality and the device was successfully operated as a gas proportional scintillation counter. With this design, we obtained a high photon yield of the G-GEM, which has the further advantage of being much more sensitive to low-energy radiation than solid-scintillator-based detectors.
A structure state evaluation method based on electric-thermo-acoustic effect for tension materials
Authors: Yin Aijun , Zhang Panpan , Ouyang Qi 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The material properties of a structure will change over the course of its service life. Monitoring for material properties can be used to evaluate equipment state. Characterising and tracking variations in properties have promising potential for the detection and evaluation of material state caused by fatigue or residual stress. Theoretical analysis for the formation of a thermo-acoustic effect is carried out and it reveals a kind of interaction between the resonance of gas heat and that of solid heat. This paper introduces an electric-thermo-acoustic model with a multi-layered structure and analyses the effects of the material properties on sound pressure. Based on this effect, a method for evaluating the performance of a multi-layered structure material is proposed that can be used to assess a greater number of physical properties than the existing approaches. The simulations and experiments with variations in material property are generated and processed with the proposed model, and the results verify the method’s efficiency.
Crystal structure and polarization hysteresis properties of ferroelectric BaTiO3 thin-film capacitors on (Ba,Sr)TiO3-buffered substrates
Authors: Maki Hisashi , Noguchi Yuji , Kutsuna Kazutoshi , Matsuo Hiroki , Kitanaka Yuuki , Miyayama Masaru 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BT) thin-film capacitors with a buffer layer of (Ba1−

x
Sr
x
)TiO3 (BST) have been fabricated on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) single-crystal substrates by a pulsed laser deposition method, and the crystal structure and polarization hysteresis properties have been investigated. X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping shows that the BST buffer effectively reduces the misfit strain relaxation of the BT films on SrRuO3 (SRO) electrodes. The BT capacitor with the SRO electrodes on the BST (x = 0.3) buffer exhibits a well-saturated hysteresis loop with a remanent polarization of 29 µC/cm2. The hysteresis loop displays a shift toward a specific field direction, which is suggested to stem from the flexoelectric coupling between the out-of-plane polarization and the strain gradient adjacent to the bottom interface.
INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO: O PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL – UTFPR
Authors: Mattos Luciane Maria Serrer de , Rubin Oliveira Marlize 
Published: September 2016

O texto apresenta uma reflexão sobre a internacionalização da Educação Superior, enfatizando o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – Campus Pato Branco. O objetivo é analisar a trajetória do Programa no que se refere à internacionalização e, para tanto, apresenta-se um panorama da internacionalização da Educação Superior e uma pesquisa documental a partir dos currículos (lattes) dos professores permanentes do Programa. Além disso, faz-se um levantamento dos estudantes estrangeiros matriculados no Programa desde sua criação. As análises demonstram baixo nível de internacionalização no Programa, fato que já foi percebido pelo corpo docente e que faz parte da Proposta do Programa como um desafio a ser efetivado.
REDES SOCIAIS: UMA ANÁLISE BASEADA NOS RELATÓRIOS DE GESTÃO DA CASA FAMILIAR RURAL DE PATO BRANCO
Authors: Massucatto Nayara , Marini Marcos Junior , Cavalcante de Almeida Antonio 
Published: September 2016

A Pedagogia da Alternância (PA) é um modelo de ensino adotado pelas Casas Familiares Rurais (CFR) no Brasil, cuja finalidade é desenvolver o protagonismo do jovem agricultor e o seu meio. As redes sociais são sistemas de elos e relações que evidenciam a estrutural social. Quanto mais fortalecida for essa rede, maior será a probabilidade do desenvolvimento daquele determinado grupo. Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar como se organiza a rede social da Casa Familiar Rural de Pato Branco, localizada no Sudoeste do Paraná. Essa pesquisa se caracteriza como de caráter documental. Primeiramente foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre capital social e redes sociais. Em seguida foram analisados os relatórios de gestão da CFR dos anos de 2011, 2012 e 2013. Os resultados obtidos apontam a inexistência de uma rede social nas relações sociais, políticas e institucionais da CFR e que isso implica na dificuldade em atingir os objetivos da PA.
ENTRE EU E O OUTRO: IDENTIFICAÇÕES E RESISTÊNCIAS DO(A) PROFESSOR(A)
Authors: Lima Josciene De Jesus , Mascia Márcia Aparecida Amador 
Published: September 2016

RESUMO: Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender os modos de identificação do(a) professor(a) junto à profissão docente. O referencial teórico-metodológico baseia-se nos postulados da Análise de Discurso, nos estudos foucaultianos e nos estudos culturais, considerando: o discurso de natureza tridimensional - linguagem, história e ideologia na perspectiva discursiva; modos de identificação como resultados dos processos de objetivação e de subjetivação e identidade na perspectiva cultural. O corpus consiste em excertos de entrevistas de três professoras. Os resultados indicam modos de identificação do(a) professor(a) com a profissão docente, principalmente, pelo aspecto negativo e por meio de resistência, na medida em que o(a) professor(a) dribla as adversidades, resiste e permanece na profissão docente. Palavras- chave: Modos de identificação. Profissão docente. Resistência ABSTRACT: This paper has the aim of understanding the modes of identification of the teacher in relation to his/her profession. The methodological framework consists of the Discourse Analysis, foucaultian studies and cultural studies considering: the discourse in a tridimensional nature - language, history and ideology in the discursive perspective; modes of identification as results of the process of objectivation and subjectivation, and identity in cultural perspective. The corpus consists in excerpts of interviews of three teachers. The results of the analysis indicate that the modes of identification of the teacher in relation to his/her profession has been, mainly, by the negative aspects and resistance, in the way the teacher overcomes the adversities, he/she resists and stays in the teacher profession. Keywords: Modes of identification. Teacher profession. Resistance.
Comment on “Climate and agricultural land use change impacts on streamflow in the upper midwestern United States” by Satish C. Gupta et al.
Authors: Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi , Belmont Patrick , Wilcock Peter , Gran Karen , Finlay Jacques C. , Kumar Praveen , Czuba Jonathan A. , Schwenk Jon , Takbiri Zeinab 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis comment cautions against dismissing agricultural practices as a significant cause of hydrologic change in Midwestern agricultural landscapes.
Sensitivity of precipitation extremes to radiative forcing of greenhouse gases and aerosols
Authors: Lin Lei , Wang Zhili , Xu Yangyang , Fu Qiang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGreenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols are the two most important anthropogenic forcing agents in the 21st century. The expected declines of anthropogenic aerosols in the 21st century from present‐day levels would cause an additional warming of the Earth's climate system, which would aggravate the climate extremes caused by GHG warming. We examine the increased rate of precipitation extremes with global mean surface warming in the 21st century caused by anthropogenic GHGs and aerosols, using an Earth system model ensemble simulation. Similar to mean precipitation, the increased rate of precipitation extremes caused by aerosol forcing is significantly larger than that caused by GHG forcing. The aerosol forcing in the coming decades can play a critical role in inducing change in precipitation extremes if a lower GHG emission pathway is adopted. Our results have implications for policy‐making on climate adaptation to extreme precipitation events.
Roughness of the mantle transition zone discontinuities revealed by high‐resolution wavefield imaging
Authors: Wang Yinzhi , Pavlis Gary L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe processed two independent data sets: 2,458,973 three‐component seismograms from all EarthScope Transportable Array (USArray) stations and 141,080 pairs of high‐quality receiver functions from the EarthScope Automated Receiver Survey using the generalized iterative deconvolution method and shaped the output with a 0.1 Hz Ricker wavelet. We used these data as input to our 3‐D plane wave migration method to produce an image volume of P to S scattering surfaces under all of the lower 48 states. Model simulations show that compared to the widely used common conversion point stacking method, our method is capable of resolving not only dipping discontinuities but also subtler details of amplitude and topography variations at scales near the diffraction limit. Maps of attributes derived from these discontinuities reveal several previously unobserved features of the 410 and 660 discontinuities (d410 and d660). Topography with many tens of kilometers is resolved at a range of scales. Additionally, we observed large variations of amplitude on the radial component and in the radial to transverse amplitude ratio that correlate with inferred variations in discontinuity topography. We argue that this combination of observations can be explained by roughness at a range of scales. The structural fabric we imaged is preferentially aligned orthogonal to the Farallon‐North American relative motion. Two regions we infer to have exceptional roughness show spatial correlation with locations where tomography models indicate that the subducted slab is passing through the transition zone. We suggest that these rough regions are indicators of vertical mantle flows through the transition zone.
Contribution of Asian dust and volcanic material to the western Philippine Sea over the last 220 kyr as inferred from grain size and Sr‐Nd isotopes
Authors: Jiang Fuqing , Zhou Ye , Nan Qingyun , Zhou Yu , Zheng Xufeng , Li Tiegang , Li Anchun , Wang Hongli 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAsian dust and volcanogenic materials are two major components in the northwestern Pacific. Quantitatively distinguishing them and estimating their mass accumulation rates (MARs) are very important for understanding regional and global climate change. Here we present the grain‐size composition of detrital sediments and the radiogenic strontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) isotopic compositions of different grain‐size fractions of detrital sediments that were recovered from the western Philippine Sea. These new records show that the different grain‐size distributions can be associated with 1) Asian dust from the western and central Chinese deserts and Chinese loess and 2) volcanogenic materials that were derived from the Luzon Islands. The MARs of this Asian dust and volcanic materials are obtained by using Weibull‐function fitting. The MARs of Asian dust and volcanic materials are coupled with the glacial‐interglacial cycle; these values are found to have been higher and more variable during the glacial period than during the interglacial period. We argue that the strengthening aridity of the Asian continent, which is connected to solar insolation and ice volume variations from orbital eccentricity, constitutes an important mechanism that drives the high MARs of glacial dust in the western Philippine Sea. The internal positive feedback of dust may be another important mechanism. The significant increase in volcanic material during the glacial period was caused by sea level changes, which were driven by the ice volume and solar insolation at high latitudes, and by strengthened precipitation from the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is driven by orbital eccentricity and precession cycles on the Luzon Islands.
Depiction of drought over sub‐Saharan Africa using reanalyses precipitation data sets
Authors: Zhan Wang , Guan Kaiyu , Sheffield Justin , Wood Eric F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractReanalysis precipitation is routinely used as a surrogate for observations due to its high spatial and temporal resolution and global coverage, and it has been widely used in hydrologic and agricultural applications. The resultant product and analysis are largely dependent on the accuracy of the reanalysis precipitation data set. In this study, we analyze the impact of reanalysis precipitation uncertainties on drought depiction. Five reanalyses precipitation data sets (Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, R1: National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis, R2: NCEP/Department of Energy reanalysis II, 20CR: The Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 2 and Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications) are evaluated from 1979 to 2012 over sub‐Saharan Africa against an observational‐based reference: The Princeton Global Meteorological Forcing data set. Results show that all the reanalyses precipitation data sets provide a relatively good representation of the long‐term statistics of spatiotemporal drought characteristics in sub‐Saharan Africa. However, deficiencies are found in the estimation of drought severity, the spatial pattern, and temporal persistency of droughts. Drought depiction over central Africa appears more problematic due to a lack of observational data. A comparison of drought depiction based on the Standardized Precipitation Index reveals higher monthly to seasonal precipitation variability that further increases after ~1999 due to changes in the observations included in the reanalyses assimilation systems.
Remote sensing of cirrus cloud microphysical properties using spectral measurements over the full range of their thermal emission
Authors: Palchetti L. , Di Natale G. , Bianchini G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe thermal emission of cirrus clouds, spectrally resolved in the 100–1400 cm−1 range (100–7.1 μm), has been modeled and compared with measurements performed during two field campaigns from the ground‐based site of Testa Grigia on the Italian Alps at 3480 m of altitude. The analysis of cirrus microphysics, through spectral fitting, shows the importance of using also the far infrared portion of the emitted spectrum at wave numbers below the 667 cm−1 carbon dioxide absorption band, where only a few measurements exist because of the high opacity of the atmosphere caused by the strong water vapor absorption. The resulted distribution of the fitted cloud parameters is in good agreement with the typical statistical distribution of the midlatitude cirrus cloud parameters.
Martian polar vortices: Comparison of reanalyses
Authors: Waugh D. W. , Toigo A. D. , Guzewich S. D. , Greybush S. J. , Wilson R. J. , Montabone L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe structure and evolution of the Martian polar vortices is examined using two recently available reanalysis systems: version 1.0 of the Mars Analysis Correction Data Assimilation (MACDA) and a preliminary version of the Ensemble Mars Atmosphere Reanalysis System (EMARS). There is quantitative agreement between the reanalyses in the lower atmosphere, where Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data are assimilated, but there are differences at higher altitudes reflecting differences in the free‐running general circulation model simulations used in the two reanalyses. The reanalyses show similar potential vorticity (PV) structure of the vortices: There is near‐uniform small PV equatorward of the core of the westerly jet, steep meridional PV gradients on the polar side of the jet core, and a maximum of PV located off of the pole. In maps of 30 sol mean PV, there is a near‐continuous elliptical ring of high PV with roughly constant shape and longitudinal orientation from fall to spring. However, the shape and orientation of the vortex varies on daily time scales, and there is not a continuous ring of PV but rather a series of smaller scale coherent regions of high PV. The PV structure of the Martian polar vortices is, as has been reported before, very different from that of Earth's stratospheric polar vortices, but there are similarities with Earth's tropospheric vortices which also occur at the edge of the Hadley Cell, and have near‐uniform small PV equatorward of the jet, and a large increase of PV poleward of the jet due to increased stratification.
Validation of a weather forecast model at radiance level against satellite observations allowing quantification of temperature, humidity, and cloud‐related biases
Authors: Bani Shahabadi Maziar , Huang Yi , Garand Louis , Heilliette Sylvain , Yang Ping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn established radiative transfer model (RTM) is adapted for simulating all‐sky infrared radiance spectra from the Canadian Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model in order to validate its forecasts at the radiance level against Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) observations. Synthetic spectra are generated for 2 months from short‐term (3–9 h) GEM forecasts. The RTM uses a monthly climatological land surface emissivity/reflectivity atlas. An updated ice particle optical property library was introduced for cloudy radiance calculations. Forward model brightness temperature (BT) biases are assessed to be of the order of ∼1 K for both clear‐sky and overcast conditions. To quantify GEM forecast meteorological variables biases, spectral sensitivity kernels are generated and used to attribute radiance biases to surface and atmospheric temperatures, atmospheric humidity, and clouds biases. The kernel method, supplemented with retrieved profiles based on AIRS observations in collocation with a microwave sounder, achieves good closure in explaining clear‐sky radiance biases, which are attributed mostly to surface temperature and upper tropospheric water vapor biases. Cloudy‐sky radiance biases are dominated by cloud‐induced radiance biases. Prominent GEM biases are identified as: (1) too low surface temperature over land, causing about −5 K bias in the atmospheric window region; (2) too high upper tropospheric water vapor, inducing about −3 K bias in the water vapor absorption band; (3) too few high clouds in the convective regions, generating about +10 K bias in window band and about +6 K bias in the water vapor band.