bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiautomatic land cover mapping according to the 2nd level of the CORINE Land Cover legend
Authors: Golenia Martyna , Zagajewski Bogdan , Ochtyra Adrian , Hościło Agata 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Actual land cover maps are a very good source of information on present human activities. It increases value of actual spatial databases and it is a key element for decision makers. Therefore, it is important to develop fast and cheap algorithms and procedures of spatial data updating. Every day, satellite remote sensing deliver vast amount of new data, which can be semi-automatically classified.
The paper presents a method of land cover classification based on a fuzzy artificial neural network simulator and Landsat TM satellite images. The latest CORINE Land Cover 2012 polygons were used as reference data. Three satellite images acquired 21 April 2011, 5 June 2010, 27 August 2011 over Warsaw and surrounding areas were processed. As an outcome of classification procedure, the maps, error matrices and a set of overall, producer and user accuracies and a kappa coefficient were achieved. The classification accuracy oscillates around 76% and confirms that artificial neural networks can be successfully used for forest, urban fabric, arable land, pastures, inland waters and permanent crops mapping. Low accuracies were obtained in case of heterogenic land cover units.
Crowdsourcing for Context: Regarding Privacy in Beacon Encounters via Contextual Integrity
Authors: Bello-Ogunu Emmanuel , Shehab Mohamed 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Research shows that context is important to the privacy perceptions associated with technology. With Bluetooth Low Energy beacons, one of the latest technologies for providing proximity and indoor tracking, the current identifiers that characterize a beacon are not sufficient for ordinary users to make informed privacy decisions about the location information that could be shared. One solution would be to have standardized category and privacy labels, produced by beacon providers or an independent third-party. An alternative solution is to find an approach driven by users, for users. In this paper, we propose a novel crowdsourcing based approach to introduce elements of context in beacon encounters.We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach through a user study, where participants use a crowd-based mobile app designed to collect beacon category and privacy information as a scavenger hunt game. Results show that our approach was effective in helping users label beacons according to the specific context of a given beacon encounter, as well as the privacy perceptions associated with it. This labeling was done with an accuracy of 92%, and with an acceptance rate of 82% of all recommended crowd labels. Lastly, we conclusively show how crowdsourcing for context can be used towards a user-centric framework for privacy management during beacon encounters.
Bicycles’ Role in Road Accidents a Review of Literature
Authors: Levulytė Loreta , Baranyai David , Török Ádám , Sokolovskij Edgar 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Nearly 1.3 million people die in road crashes each year, on average 3,287 deaths a day. In 2013 in the European Union more than 6 % of all who died in road traffic crashes were cyclists. The number of cyclist killed on roads in the EU has decreased by only 9 %, compared to the total fatality decrease of 18 % from 2010 to 2013. The majority of cyclist fatalities are males (78 %). For the larger countries, Belgium and The Netherlands had the highest proportion of female cyclist fatalities (> 30 %). In general, 55 % of the bicycle fatalities in the EU countries were killed inside urban areas but there are large differences between the countries. In the last couple of years there has been an enormous effort on reduction in cycling fatality numbers across almost all ages in the EU. As a result of this effort, the number of accidents started to slightly decrease.
This paper reviews the literature concerning cyclist-motor vehicle collision and road safety management according to the cyclist role in the accident rise. The paper examines pedestrians safety in order to determine what kind of factors of transport infrastructure, vehicle technical parameters, cyclist behavior and road or street category have the influence on cyclist and vehicle accidents and identify technical reasons of the accidents rise. A review is conducted of information in the literature on the injury outcome of a cyclist/vehicle collision for a given impact speed and the likely consequences of reducing the travelling speeds of vehicles in terms of the frequency and severity of cyclist injuries.
Development of an Intelligent System of Determinating the Coordinates and the Speed of the Train
Authors: Tarasov Evgenii M. , Zheleznov Dmitrii V. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Dynamic development of the country’s transport system leads to the increase of the length of highways, traffic interchange, including places of crossing with the railway. Notification time for crossing is determined by the maximum speed of the train, which is a significant disadvantage of the automatic crossing signaling. In reality the train speed is less than the estimated one, so the idles at transport intersection (crossing) reach 30-30 minutes, creating not only inconveniences to vehicle traffic, but also unfavorable environmental conditions.
In the development of intellectual control system automatic crossing signaling there is applied the principles patterns recognition with lots of informative features and decisive functions with the procedure of “learning” the decisive function “teacher”.
Activity-Regulated Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein Controls AMPAR Endocytosis through a Direct Interaction with Clathrin-Adaptor Protein 2
Authors: DaSilva Luis L. P. , Wall Mark J. , P. de Almeida Luciana , Wauters Sandrine C. , Januário Yunan C. , Müller Jürgen , Corrêa Sonia A. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) protein controls synaptic strength by facilitating AMPA receptor (AMPAR) endocytosis. Here we demonstrate that Arc targets AMPAR to be internalized through a direct interaction with the clathrin-adaptor protein 2 (AP-2). We show that Arc overexpression in dissociated hippocampal neurons obtained from C57BL/6 mouse reduces the density of AMPAR GluA1 subunits at the cell surface and reduces the amplitude and rectification of AMPAR-mediated miniature-EPSCs (mEPSCs). Mutations of Arc, that prevent the AP-2 interaction reduce Arc-mediated endocytosis of GluA1 and abolish the reduction in AMPAR-mediated mEPSC amplitude and rectification. Depletion of the AP-2 subunit µ2 blocks the Arc-mediated reduction in mEPSC amplitude, an effect that is restored by reintroducing µ2. The Arc–AP-2 interaction plays an important role in homeostatic synaptic scaling as the Arc-dependent decrease in mEPSC amplitude, induced by a chronic increase in neuronal activity, is inhibited by AP-2 depletion. These data provide a mechanism to explain how activity-dependent expression of Arc decisively controls the fate of AMPAR at the cell surface and modulates synaptic strength, via the direct interaction with the endocytic clathrin adaptor AP-2.
A EAD Tupiniquim na Terra de Garibaldi
Authors: Gazzaneu Marcelo Sebastiani da Cunha , Benvenuti Zilma Mônica Salomão 
Published: May 2016

O trabalho a seguir nos remete ao desenvolvimento de levar para uma escola de língua italiana situada no coração da Itália o sistema de educação a distância aplicado no Brasil. O objetivo central deste trabalho é mostrar que a modalidade do ensino a distância brasileiro ajudaria a Scuola Dante Alighieri em seu desenvolvimento junto a seus aspirantes a estudantes. Norteado pela metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, o conteúdo trabalhado aponta elementos de importância fundamental para a aplicabilidade desse método de ensino na escola em questão. A troca de conhecimento na modalidade educacional entre países é uma forma de intercâmbio intelectual que é salutar para os envolvidos; o conhecimento tem que ser expandido e a forma de aplicação mais conveniente para o momento é de fundamental importância para o aprendizado de quem fará uso, pois, no caso desta produção, traremos soluções plausíveis para o desenvolvimento da escola frente a seus aspirantes. Uma vez dado esse trabalho, esperemos que a Scuola Dante Alighieri usufrua dos elementos aqui apresentados e possa com isso aumentar o número de estudantes. Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento educacional; Educação a distância; Internacionalização. The EaD Tupiniquim in Garibaldi Land AbstractThe following work refers us to the process of taking to an Italian language school located in the heart of Italy the distance education system that is applied in Brazil. The central objective of this work is to show that Brazilian distance education modality would help "Scuola Dante Alighieri" in its development with possible future students. Guided under a qualitative research methodology, content points extremely important elements to the applicability of this teaching method at this school. The exchange of knowledge among countries in the educational modality is a form of intellectual exchange which is beneficial for those involved, knowledge has to be expanded and the most convenient application form in the moment has fundamental importance for those who will use it, as in the case of this production it will bring plausible solutions for the development of the school to its aspirants. Once given this study hopefully "Scuola Dante Alighieri" makes use of the presented elements and may thereby increase the number of students. Keywords: Startup for basic training; distance education; internationalization.
Design de Aplicativos Mobile para a Aprendizagem de Língua
Authors: Garcia Marilene Santana dos Santos 
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo discute os desafios do design de aplicativos para a aprendizagem de línguas com foco nas demandas da vida mobile que, ao mesmo tempo que cria acessos, oportunidades e experiências, exige modelos atualizados de design aprendizagem que sejam compatíveis perfis de aprendizes, que comuniquem para aprendizagem. Assim, espera-se que o design para aplicativos voltados à aprendizagem de línguas traga dinamismo para que não cansem os seus aprendizes e que eles não desistam facilmente, inclua elementos da gamificação para prender a atenção, aproveite recursos da tecnologia sem exageros nem sobreposição de ferramentas, enfim, possa vencer barreiras naturais da aprendizagem mediada por tecnologias. Palavras-chave: Design de apps para línguas; Línguas estrangeiras; Aplicativos mobile. Mobile-Apps design for Foreign Language Learning AbstractThis article discusses the applications of design challenges to language learning with a focus on contexts of mobile life, that at the same time creating access opportunities and experiences requires new modified design for learning that are compatible with new demands and learner profiles. Thus, it is expected that the design for applications dedicated to language learning should be dynamic, so that the learners do not give up easily. The design should include gamification elements to hold the attention, and also the use of leverage technology resources without exaggeration or overlapping tools. I can overcome natural barriers of learning mediated by technology.Keywords: Design for learning with apps; Foreign languages; Mobile apps.
Alternative scenarios of bioenergy crop production in an agricultural landscape and implications for bird communities
Authors: Blank Peter J. , Williams Carol L. , Sample David W. , Meehan Timothy D. , Turner Monica G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIncreased demand and government mandates for bioenergy crops in the United States could require a large allocation of agricultural land to bioenergy feedstock production and substantially alter current landscape patterns. Incorporating bioenergy landscape design into land‐use decision making could help maximize benefits and minimize trade‐offs among alternative land uses. We developed spatially explicit landscape scenarios of increased bioenergy crop production in an 80‐km radius agricultural landscape centered on a potential biomass‐processing energy facility and evaluated the consequences of each scenario for bird communities. Our scenarios included conversion of existing annual row crops to perennial bioenergy grasslands and conversion of existing grasslands to annual bioenergy row crops. The scenarios explored combinations of four biomass crop types (three potential grassland crops along a gradient of plant diversity and one annual row crop [corn]), three land conversion percentages to bioenergy crops (10%, 20%, or 30% of row crops or grasslands), and three spatial configurations of biomass crop fields (random, clustered near similar field types, or centered on the processing plant), yielding 36 scenarios. For each scenario, we predicted the impact on four bird community metrics: species richness, total bird density, species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) density, and SGCN hotspots (SGCN birds/ha ≥ 2). Bird community metrics consistently increased with conversion of row crops to bioenergy grasslands and consistently decreased with conversion of grasslands to bioenergy row crops. Spatial arrangement of bioenergy fields had strong effects on the bird community and in some cases was more influential than the amount converted to bioenergy crops. Clustering grasslands had a stronger positive influence on the bird community than locating grasslands near the central plant or at random. Expansion of bioenergy grasslands onto marginal agricultural lands will likely benefit grassland bird populations, and bioenergy landscapes could be designed to maximize biodiversity benefits while meeting targets for biomass production.
Bird functional diversity decreases with time since disturbance: Does patchy prescribed fire enhance ecosystem function?
Authors: Sitters Holly , Di Stefano Julian , Christie Fiona , Swan Matthew , York Alan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAnimal species diversity is often associated with time since disturbance, but the effects of disturbances such as fire on functional diversity are unknown. Functional diversity measures the range, abundance, and distribution of trait values in a community, and links changes in species composition with the consequences for ecosystem function. Improved understanding of the relationship between time since fire (TSF) and functional diversity is critical given that the frequency of both prescribed fire and wildfire is expected to increase. To address this knowledge gap, we examined responses of avian functional diversity to TSF and two direct measures of environmental heterogeneity, plant diversity, and structural heterogeneity. We surveyed birds across a 70‐year chronosequence spanning four vegetation types in southeast Australia. Six bird functional traits were used to derive four functional diversity indices (richness, evenness, divergence, and dispersion) and the effects of TSF, plant diversity and structural heterogeneity on species richness and the functional diversity indices were examined using mixed models. We used a regression tree method to identify traits associated with species more common in young vegetation. Functional richness and dispersion were negatively associated with TSF in all vegetation types, suggesting that recent prescribed fire generates heterogeneous vegetation and provides greater opportunities for resource partitioning. Species richness was not significantly associated with TSF, and is probably an unreliable surrogate for functional diversity in fire‐prone systems. A positive relationship between functional evenness and structural heterogeneity was common to all vegetation types, suggesting that fine‐scale (tens of meters) structural variation can enhance ecosystem function. Species more common in young vegetation were primarily linked by their specialist diets, indicating that ecosystem services such as seed dispersal and insect control are enhanced in more recently burnt vegetation. We suggest that patchy prescribed fire sustains functional diversity, and that controlled use of patchy fire to break up large expanses of mature vegetation will enhance ecosystem function.
Crop Yields and Soil Phosphorus Lability under Soluble and Humic‐Complexed Phosphate Fertilizers
Authors: Bejarano Herrera Wilfrand Ferney , Rodrigues Marcos , Bettoni Teles Ana Paula , Barth Gabriel , Pavinato Paulo Sergio 
Published: May 2016

Phosphorus is one of the most limiting nutrients for plants in weathered tropical soils. To overcome this constraint, the use of humic‐complexed phosphate fertilizer may be considered as one alternative, which would reduce P fixation and increase its bioavailability. This study aimed to determine the crop yield response and soil P lability changes after five crop cycles under humic‐complexed and non‐humic‐complexed superphosphate cumulative applications. The field experiment was conducted for 4 yr (2010–2013) in Tibagi, Brazil, in a Typic Hapludox, arranged in a randomized block design with two P sources; single superphosphate (SSP) and complexed single superphosphate (CSSP); and five cumulative dosages (0, 48, 96, 144, and 192 kg P ha−1), divided over five consecutive crops: maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], white oat (Avena sativa L.), and soybean. Grain yield was determined for each crop and soil samples were collected after the fifth harvest for Hedley P fractionation. Our results demonstrated that cumulative grain yield increased in line with the P dosage, however, higher agronomic efficiency was also observed at intermediate P dosages, when CSSP was used. Labile soil P was more influenced by the application of CSSP than SSP. Moreover, higher cumulative P dosages also increased labile and non‐labile P, mainly in the 0‐ to 5‐cm layer, indicating an intensive P pool reallocation in the surface soil layer. The study demonstrated that humic‐complexed phosphate fertilizer can enhance soil P availability and improve crop grain yield in commercial field conditions.Core Ideas

Phosphate fertilizers efficiency in cropping system.
Residual effects of phosphate sources in tropical weathered soils.
Organic complexed fertilizers can be more efficient in plant P supply.
Soil labile P is affected by clay content and its adsorption capacity.
Effects of Riparian Buffer Vegetation and Width: A 12‐Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: King S. E. , Osmond D. L. , Smith J. , Burchell M. R. , Dukes M. , Evans R. O. , Knies S. , Kunickis S. 
Published: May 2016

Agricultural contributions of nitrogen are a serious concern for many water resources and have spurred the implementation of riparian buffer zones to reduce groundwater nitrate (NO3). The optimum design for buffers is subject to debate, and there are few long‐term studies. The objective of this project was to determine the effectiveness over time (12 yr) of buffer types (trees, switchgrass, fescue, native, and a control) and buffer widths (8 and 15 m) by measuring groundwater NO3–N and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) trends. At the intermediate groundwater depth (1.5–2.1 m), NO3–N reduction effectiveness was 2.5 times greater (46 vs. 16%) for the wider buffer, and, regardless of width, buffer effectiveness increased 0.62% yr−1. Buffer vegetative type was never statistically significant. In the deep‐groundwater depth (2.1–3.5 m), there was no change in NO3–N removal over time, although the statistical interaction of width and vegetative type indicated a wide range of removal rates (19–82%). The DOC concentrations were analyzed at the field/buffer and buffer/stream sampling locations. Depending on location position and groundwater sampling depth, DOC concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 2.8 mg L−1 at Year 0 and increased at a rate of 0.13 to 0.18 mg L−1 yr−1 but always remained low (≤5.0 mg L−1). Greater DOC concentrations in the intermediate‐depth groundwater did not increase NO3–N removal; redox measurements indicated intermittent reduced soil conditions may have been limiting. This study suggests that riparian buffer width, not vegetation, is more important for NO3–N removal in the middle coastal plain of North Carolina for a newly established buffer.Core Ideas
Unique, long‐term replicated riparian buffer study in the southeastern United States.
Long‐term riparian buffer study from establishment through Year 12.
Effects of five different riparian‐buffer vegetation types of nitrate reduction.
Evaluating the Role of Water Availability in Determining the Yield–Plant Population Density Relationship
Authors: Friedman Shmulik P. 
Published: May 2016

Core Ideas
The effect of plant population density on soil water availability is analyzed.
Horizontally uniform irrigation and maximum possible suction applied by plant roots are assumed.
The analysis requires knowledge of only the radius of the active root zone and the soil capillary length.
The water‐competition factor is proportional to the product of the root system radius and soil capillary length.
Thirty‐eight yield–plant population density (Y‐PPD) data sets were collected from the literature and analyzed statistically to yield, inter alia, a single “universal” relationship that realistically describes the Y‐PPD data obtained with various plants under various agricultural and environmental conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the dependence of water availability to plant root systems on plant population density, plant arrangement geometry, active‐root‐system size, and soil texture. The outlined evaluation of the relative water uptake rate–plant population density (RWUR‐PPD) relationship can quantify the roles of water availability and competition among neighboring root systems in determining the Y‐PPD relationship. In particular, this methodology quantifies the effects of root system size, soil capillary length, and planting rectangularity on the Y‐PPD relationship. Overall, the proposed RWUR evaluation shows, in reasonable qualitative agreement with experimental findings, that the Y‐PPD relationship increases with increasing root system radius and soil capillary length and with decreasing rectangularity. The RWUR evaluation shows that interplant competition for water increases approximately linearly with the product of (root‐system radius) × (soil capillary length). The water‐competition factor is approximately 4π r01α−1, i.e., the surface area of a sphere with a radius equal to the geometric mean of the radius of the root system (r0) and the soil capillary length (α−1). Plant roots and shoots compete also for resources other than water, e.g., soil nutrients, O2, and solar radiation. Thus, the agronomically important Y‐PPD relationship depends on genetic, agricultural, and environmental factors that affect the availability of other resources differently from their effects on water availability; and these differences render it virtually impossible to define and quantify the roles of the various essential resources and the effects of diverse factors in determining the Y‐PPD relationship. This is why practical agronomists use empirical mathematical expressions to describe Y‐PPD.