bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmented Reality in Cardiology: Enhancing Visualization and Precision
Authors: Moon In Tae , Ko Sang-Kyun , Kang Si-Hyuck , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Youn Tae-Jin , Chae In-Ho 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
With the recent advances in augmented reality (AR), cardiologists can better understand three-dimensional (3D) cardiac anatomy and improve the accuracy of complex cardiovascular procedures. In this article, we describe the current AR technology, review studies investigating AR in cardiology, and speculate on its potential future applications.

Recent Findings
When developing an AR system for cardiology, researchers should consider several components, such as image acquisition and 3D reconstruction from advanced cardiovascular imaging, image registration, rendering on display devices, and human-computer interaction. In this article, we reviewed AR applications in various cardiology fields, including coronary and vascular interventions, structural heart interventions, electrophysiological procedures, vascular access, and cardiovascular surgery. In procedural and surgical planning, AR can provide preprocedural 3D imaging of the cardiac anatomy. Real-time AR imaging potentially reduces procedural time, radiation exposure, and contrast use. It improves accuracy and success rates. Furthermore, AR improves healthcare providers’ training and education and may contribute to reducing the learning curve.

Summary
Applying AR in cardiology is promising because it provides a virtual heart anatomy in the physical world. Future studies are required to prove its clinical applicability and demonstrate its safety and efficacy.
Hiatal Repair Using Non-absorbable Mesh: Short-Term Outcome Analysis of 393 Consecutive Cases with a Focus on Prosthetic-Specific Complications
Authors: Drane Andrew , Bhimani Nazim , Sarich Peter , Chan Priscilla , Leibman Steven , Smith Garett 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe use of prosthetic mesh to augment suture repair of large paraoesophageal hernias is widespread but controversial. Our aim was to identify the risk of mesh-specific complications from a large series of consecutive patients undergoing hiatal hernia repair augmented with a lightweight polypropylene mesh (TiMesh) over a 12-year period. A case series review of patients who have had prosthesis-reinforced hiatal repair with TiMesh between February 2005 and October 2017. Pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative data were collected for all patients undergoing hiatal repair. In total, 393 patients had TiMesh augmented hiatal repair between February 2005 and October 2017. There were no intraoperative mesh-specific complications. Mesh was explanted in one patient (1/393, 0.25%) who underwent emergency paraoesophageal hernia repair complicated by sepsis. Asymptomatic mesh erosion was found in two patients (2/393, 0.51%) at endoscopy 3 and 9 years following surgery, respectively. No cases of oesophageal or hiatal strictures were identified. From our large series, albeit without routine endoscopic and radiological follow-up, we demonstrate acceptably low rates of mesh-related complications. We identified two cases of asymptomatic erosion during 393 TiMesh repairs, and the rate of mesh-specific complications in this patient series is low. This unit will continue to perform selective TiMesh hiatal repair in cases where a suture repair only is felt to be inadequate at the time of surgery. For the purposes of patient consent and ongoing discussion, we report the risk of mesh erosion and mesh explantation to be 0.51% and 0.25%, respectively.
Screen time, problematic screen use, and eating disorder symptoms among early adolescents: findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
Authors: Chu Jonathan , Ganson Kyle T. , Testa Alexander , Al-shoaibi Abubakr A. A. , Jackson Dylan B. , Rodgers Rachel F. , He Jinbo , Baker Fiona C. , Nagata Jason M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Emerging research evidence suggests positive relationships between higher screen time and eating disorders. However, few studies have examined the prospective associations between screen use and eating disorder symptoms in early adolescents and how problematic screen use may contribute to symptom development.

Methods
We analyzed prospective cohort data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 10,246, 2016–2020, ages 9–14). Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the longitudinal associations between baseline self-reported screen time and eating disorder symptoms in year two. Logistic regression analyses were also used to estimate cross-sectional associations between problematic screen use in year two (either problematic social media or mobile phone use) and eating disorder symptoms in year two. Eating disorder symptoms based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS-5) included fear of weight gain, self-worth tied to weight, engaging in compensatory behaviors, binge eating, and distress with binge eating.

Results
Each additional hour of total screen time and social media use was associated with higher odds of fear of weight gain, self-worth tied to weight, compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, binge eating, and distress with binge eating two years later (odds ratio [OR] 1.05–1.55). Both problematic social media and mobile phone use were associated with higher odds of all eating disorder symptoms (OR 1.26–1.82).

Conclusions
Findings suggest greater total screen time, social media use, and problematic screen use are associated with more eating disorder symptoms in early adolescence. Clinicians should consider assessing for problem screen use and, when high, screen for disordered eating.

Level of evidence
Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.
The Effects of Online Anti-Bias Training on Educators’ Multicultural Competence
Authors: O’Donnell Kaeli , Luh Hao-Jan , Floress Margaret , Mariam Assegedetch Haile 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe student population in the United States is becoming increasingly diverse, but the educator base, including teachers and other school professionals, remains primarily White and female. Educators are encouraged (and at times required) to participate in professional development training to increase their multicultural competence. Although previous research has shown that educators benefit from professional development training in general, there is limited research into the benefit of online training intended to increase their multicultural competence. As agents of social justice, school psychologists may help other educators to reflect on and confront their biases. In this pilot study, 17 elementary educators (i.e., teachers and school professionals) completed an online training titled, “Critical Practices for Anti-Bias Education.” The participants completed the Multicultural Teaching Competency Scale to assess the effectiveness of the training. Results indicated a statistically significant increase between pretest and posttest scores. The participants also completed an adapted version of the Usage Rating Profile-Intervention Revised to assess the social validity of the training. Overall, the participants ranked the training as acceptable and feasible. This study supports the potential use of online anti-bias training as one of the first steps to increase elementary educators’ multicultural competence.
Evaluation of a wall-mounted far ultraviolet-C light device used for continuous air and surface decontamination in a dental office during routine patient care
Authors: Osborne Andrew O. , Memic Samir , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA wall-mounted far ultraviolet-C light device used for continuous air and surface decontamination in a dental office reduced aerosolized bacteriophage MS2 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on steel disks by >3 log10 in 2 hours in unshaded areas in a procedure room. Far ultraviolet-C delivery was substantially reduced in shaded areas.
Social relationship factors, depressive symptoms, and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study into their interrelatedness
Authors: Duffner Lukas A. , Deckers Kay , Cadar Dorina , de Vugt Marjolein E. , Köhler Sebastian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundDifferent aspects of social relationships (e.g., social network size or loneliness) have been associated with dementia risk, while their overlap and potentially underlying pathways remain largely unexplored. This study therefore aimed to (1) discriminate between different facets of social relationships by means of factor analysis, (2) examine their associations with dementia risk, and (3) assess mediation by depressive symptoms.MethodsThirty-six items from questionnaires on social relationships administered in Wave 2 (2004/2005) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (n = 7536) were used for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Factors were then used as predictors in Cox proportional hazard models with dementia until Wave 9 as outcome, adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Structural equation modeling tested mediation by depressive symptoms through effect decomposition.ResultsFactor analyses identified six social factors. Across a median follow-up time of 11.8 years (IQR = 5.9–13.9 years), 501 people developed dementia. Higher factor scores for frequency and quality of contact with children (HR = 0.88; p = 0.021) and more frequent social activity engagement (HR = 0.84; p < 0.001) were associated with lower dementia risk. Likewise, higher factor scores for loneliness (HR = 1.13; p = 0.011) and negative experiences of social support (HR = 1.10; p = 0.047) were associated with higher dementia risk. Mediation analyses showed a significant partial effect mediation by depressive symptoms for all four factors. Additional analyses provided little evidence for reverse causation.ConclusionsFrequency and quality of social contacts, social activity engagement, and feelings of loneliness are associated with dementia risk and might be suitable targets for dementia prevention programs, partly by lowering depressive symptoms.
Ecorc’Air: A Citizen Science Project for the Biomonitoring of Vehicular Air Pollution in Paris, France
Authors: Carvallo C. , Isambert A. , Franke C. , Turcati L. , Sivry Y. , Coural S. , Macouin M. , Rousse S. , Fluteau F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAirborne particulate matter (PM) is known to have adverse health effects and is a growing concern in urban areas. Spatial and temporal variability is difficult to assess with the few air quality stations typically available in cities. As an alternative, tree bark acts as a passive captor on which PM is deposited. Magnetic susceptibility measurements can be used as a proxy indicator to estimate pollution from vehicle sources. We present the citizen science project called Ecorc’Air, in which volunteers collect plane tree bark samples, mainly in Paris, which are then sent to laboratories and used for various measurements. The project has developed since 2016, leading to the production of annual maps that identify variations in magnetic particle concentrations. The correlation between magnetic susceptibility and metal content has been verified using multi elemental analysis. Thanks to these numerous samples, we were able to identify areas with consistently high susceptibility values over time. We also quantified the decrease in susceptibility values with the distance between the tree and the road, as well as the shielding effect of parked cars on pedestrians. We showed trends in susceptibility variations over time along a specific well‐sampled road, suggesting that this type of sampling and measurement could be used to quantify variations in metallic pollution at a local scale. Finally, through interviews, we found that there is a growing interest and participation of city dwellers, especially those involved in local associations, to act in favor of environmental research, as well as of municipalities to offer support.
Synergy of Urban Heat, Pollution, and Social Vulnerability in One of America's Most Rapidly Growing Cities: Houston, We Have a Problem
Authors: Blackford Andrew , Cowan Trent , Nair Udaysankar , Phillips Christopher , Kaulfus Aaron , Freitag Brian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDuring the first two decades of the twenty‐first century, we analyze the expansion of urban land cover, urban heat island (UHI), and urban pollution island (UPI) in the Houston Metropolitan Area (HMA) using land cover classifications derived from Landsat and land/aerosol products from NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. Our approach involves both direct utilization and fusion with in situ observations for a comprehensive characterization. We also examined how social vulnerability within the HMA changed during the study period and whether the synergy of UHI, UPI, and social vulnerability enhances environmental inequalities. We found that urban land cover within the HMA increased by 1,345.09 km2 and is accompanied by a 171.92 (73.93) % expansion of the daytime (nighttime) UHI. While the UPI experienced an overall reduction in particulate pollution, the magnitude of change is smaller compared to the surroundings. Further, the UPI showed localized enhancement in particulate pollution caused by increases in vehicular traffic. Our analysis found that the social vulnerability of the HMA urban regions increased during the study period. Overall, we found that the urban growth during the first two decades of the twenty‐first century resulted in a synergy of UHI, UPI, and social vulnerability, causing an increase in environmental inequalities within the HMA.
Dynamic Evolution of Dayside Magnetopause Reconnection Locations and Their Dependence on IMF Cone Angle: 3‐D Global Hybrid Simulation
Authors: Yi Yongyuan , Lin Yu , Zhou Meng , Pang Ye , Deng Xiaohua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study the dynamic evolution of dayside magnetopause reconnection locations and their dependence on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) cone angle via 3‐D global‐scale hybrid simulations. Cases with finite IMF Bx and Bz but IMF By = 0 are investigated. It is shown that the dayside magnetopause reconnection is unsteady under quasi‐steady solar wind conditions. The reconnection lines during the dynamic evolution are not always parallel to the equatorial plane even under purely southward IMF conditions. Magnetopause reconnection locations can be affected by the generation, coalescence, and transport of flux ropes (FRs), reconnection inside the FRs, and the magnetosheath flow. In the presence of an IMF component Bx, the magnetopause reconnection initially occurs in high‐latitude regions downstream of the quasi‐perpendicular bow shock, followed by the generation of multiple reconnection regions. In the later stages of the simulation, a dominant reconnection region is present in low‐latitude regions, which can also affect reconnection in other regions. The global distribution of reconnection lines under a finite IMF Bx is found to not be limited to the region with maximum magnetic shear angle.
Strong Seasonal Transition and Complex Sources of Volatile Organic Compounds at an Urban Site in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Huang Weichao , Yu Xiaofang , Deng Hui , Chen Bingna , Cheng Peng , Yang Wenda , Li Mei , Yuan Bin , Wang Ming , Gong Yucheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe report observations of non‐methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at an urban site in Guangzhou, China, and analyzed the seasonally contrasting composition, diurnal patterns, and sources of VOCs driven by the Asian Monsoon weather. In July, southerly low‐level jets and coastal recirculation coincided with a large enhancement of light alkanes and alkenes along with methyl tert‐butyl ether from urban transportation. Diurnal profiles of propanal and methyl vinyl ketone followed isoprene and O3, suggesting a common biogenic origin and fast photochemical production. In October, dominating northerly descending dry air mass led to a 10‐fold increase in acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, suggesting a large free tropospheric reservoir and abundant precursors of these ketones. Enhanced source apportionment aided by a comprehensive emission speciation data set identified five classes of VOCs from a much larger pool of local and regional emission sources than reported from previous studies. Seasonal transition of VOCs offers unique natural constraint for the chemistry and sources of VOCs in this and other similar regions, which warrants future long term measurements and advanced modeling and analysis.
Biopsy strategies in the era of mpMRI: a comprehensive review
Authors: Windisch Olivier , Valerio Massimo , Yee Chi-Hang , Gontero Paolo , Bakir Baris , Kastner Christof , Ahmed Hashim U. , De Nunzio Cosimo , de la Rosette Jean 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Since its initial description the prostate biopsy technique for detection of prostate cancer (PCA) has constantly evolved. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has been proven to have a sensitivity exceeding 90% to detect the index lesion. This narrative review discusses the evidence around several biopsy strategies, especially in the context of patients that might be eligible for focal therapy.

Method
A non-systematic literature research was performed on February 15th 2024 using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Web of Science and Google Scholar.

Results
The transrectal (TR) route is associated with an increased postoperative sepsis rate, even with adequate antibiotic prophylaxis. The transperineal (TP) route is now recommended by international guidelines, firstly for its decreased rate of urosepsis. Recent evidence shows a non-inferiority of TP compared to TR route, and even a higher detection rate of clinically significant PCA (csPCA) in the anterior and apical region, that are usually difficult to target using the TR route. Several targeting techniques (cognitive, software-fusion or in-bore) enhance our ability to provide an accurate risk assessment of prostate cancer aggressiveness and burden, while reducing the number of cores and reducing the number of clinically insignificant prostate cancer (ciPCA). While MRI-TB have proven their role, the role of systematic biopsies (SB) is still important because it detects 5–16% of csPCA that would have been missed by MRI-TB alone. The strategies of SB depend mainly on the route used (TR vs. TP) and the number of cores to be collected (10–12 cores vs. saturation biopsies vs. trans-perineal template mapping-biopsies or Ginsburg Protocol vs. regional biopsies).

Conclusion
Several biopsy strategies have been described and should be known when assessing patients for focal therapy. Because MRI systematically under evaluates the lesion size, systematic biopsies, and especially perilesional biopsies, can help to increase sensitivity at the cost of an increased number of cores.
Immune system adaptation during gender-affirming testosterone treatment
Authors: Lakshmikanth Tadepally , Consiglio Camila , Sardh Fabian , Forlin Rikard , Wang Jun , Tan Ziyang , Barcenilla Hugo , Rodriguez Lucie , Sugrue Jamie , Noori Peri , Ivanchenko Margarita , Piñero Páez Laura , Gonzalez Laura , Habimana Mugabo Constantin , Johnsson Anette , Ryberg Henrik , Hallgren Åsa , Pou Christian , Chen Yang , Mikeš Jaromír , James Anna , Dahlqvist Per , Wahlberg Jeanette , Hagelin Anders , Holmberg Mats , Degerblad Marie , Isaksson Magnus , Duffy Darragh , Kämpe Olle , Landegren Nils , Brodin Petter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInfectious, inflammatory and autoimmune conditions present differently in males and females. SARS-CoV-2 infection in naive males is associated with increased risk of death, whereas females are at increased risk of long COVID1, similar to observations in other infections2. Females respond more strongly to vaccines, and adverse reactions are more frequent3, like most autoimmune diseases4. Immunological sex differences stem from genetic, hormonal and behavioural factors5 but their relative importance is only partially understood6–8. In individuals assigned female sex at birth and undergoing gender-affirming testosterone therapy (trans men), hormone concentrations change markedly but the immunological consequences are poorly understood. Here we performed longitudinal systems-level analyses in 23 trans men and found that testosterone modulates a cross-regulated axis between type-I interferon and tumour necrosis factor. This is mediated by functional attenuation of type-I interferon responses in both plasmacytoid dendritic cells and monocytes. Conversely, testosterone potentiates monocyte responses leading to increased tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-6 and interleukin-15 production and downstream activation of nuclear factor kappa B-regulated genes and potentiation of interferon-γ responses, primarily in natural killer cells. These findings in trans men are corroborated by sex-divergent responses in public datasets and illustrate the dynamic regulation of human immunity by sex hormones, with implications for the health of individuals undergoing hormone therapy and our understanding of sex-divergent immune responses in cisgender individuals.
Mechanisms that clear mutations drive field cancerization in mammary tissue
Authors: Ciwinska Marta , Messal Hendrik A. , Hristova Hristina R. , Lutz Catrin , Bornes Laura , Chalkiadakis Theofilos , Harkes Rolf , Langedijk Nathalia S. M. , Hutten Stefan J. , Menezes Renée X. , Jonkers Jos , Prekovic Stefan ,   Grand Challenge PRECISION consortium, Wesseling Jelle , Thompson Alastair M. , Nik-Zainal Serena , Sawyer Elinor J. , Davies Helen R. , Futreal Andrew , Navin Nicholas E. , Hwang E. Shelley , Jonkers Jos , van Rheenen Jacco , Behbod Fariba , Lips Esther H. , Schmidt Marjanka , Wessels Lodewyk F. A. , Rea Daniel , Bhattacharjee Proteeti , Stobart Hilary , Collyar Deborah , Pinto Donna , Verschuur Ellen , van Oirsouw Marja , Simons Benjamin D. , Scheele Colinda L. G. J. , van Rheenen Jacco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOncogenic mutations are abundant in the tissues of healthy individuals, but rarely form tumours1–3. Yet, the underlying protection mechanisms are largely unknown. To resolve these mechanisms in mouse mammary tissue, we use lineage tracing to map the fate of wild-type and Brca1−/−;Trp53−/− cells, and find that both follow a similar pattern of loss and spread within ducts. Clonal analysis reveals that ducts consist of small repetitive units of self-renewing cells that give rise to short-lived descendants. This offers a first layer of protection as any descendants, including oncogenic mutant cells, are constantly lost, thereby limiting the spread of mutations to a single stem cell-descendant unit. Local tissue remodelling during consecutive oestrous cycles leads to the cooperative and stochastic loss and replacement of self-renewing cells. This process provides a second layer of protection, leading to the elimination of most mutant clones while enabling the minority that by chance survive to expand beyond the stem cell-descendant unit. This leads to fields of mutant cells spanning large parts of the epithelial network, predisposing it for transformation. Eventually, clone expansion becomes restrained by the geometry of the ducts, providing a third layer of protection. Together, these mechanisms act to eliminate most cells that acquire somatic mutations at the expense of driving the accelerated expansion of a minority of cells, which can colonize large areas, leading to field cancerization.