bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments in Graphene‐Based Tactile Sensors and E‐Skins
Authors: Chen Shuai , Jiang Kai , Lou Zheng , Chen Di , Shen Guozhen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHuman skin, the largest organ of human body, can perceive tactile sensations, temperature, humidity, and other complex environmental stimulations. To mimic the capabilities of human skin, graphene provides great potential in building wearable electronic skins (E‐skins), which hold broad applications in advanced robotics, healthcare monitoring, artificial intelligence, human–machine interfaces, etc. Herein, the recent progress in flexible tactile sensors and E‐skins based on graphene material is presented. A brief introduction of the main approaches to prepare graphene nanosheets is provided. The main developments on the functions and mechanisms of bionic functional devices in E‐skins including tactile sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors are then highlighted. The current and future applications for graphene‐based E‐skins, such as multifunctional biomimetic E‐skins, healthcare monitoring, and interactive human–machine interface, are also described. Finally, the existing challenges and future development trends for graphene‐based E‐skins are discussed.
Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of 3D Silica‐like Microstructure from Hybrid Epoxy Cyclohexyl POSS
Authors: Fang Gan , Cao Hongzhong , Cao Liangcheng , Duan Xuanming 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGiven the importance of epoxy cyclohexyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (epoxy‐POSS) as a silica‐like hybrid material of optical clarity, high thermal and mechanic stability, the two‐photon initiated polymerization of epoxy‐POSS using diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate as photoacid generators for UV lithography and femtosecond laser direct writing is studied. The hybrid resist exhibits high thermal stability: decomposition temperatures are found at ≈350 and 400 °C when calcined in air and argon, respectively. The corresponding calcined products are found as silica‐like structures with chemical formulas of C1.5SiO3.5 and C5SiO3, evidenced by energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and elemental analysis. An equation regarding the two‐photon polymerized line width as functions of intensity of laser (Plaser) and scanning speed (V) is proposed in describing the effect of Gaussian light on polymerized lines. Experimental verification of the equation is given to prove a nonlinear optical process. Line width with a resolution of 250 nm is achieved on a glass substrate, while the resolution is 400 nm when fabricated on a silicon wafer. 3D structured woodpiles are fabricated and show no volumetric shrinkage upon 300 °C calcination in air environment, demonstrating a high thermal stability.
Giant Two‐Photon Absorption in Mixed Halide Perovskite CH3NH3Pb0.75Sn0.25I3 Thin Films and Application to Photodetection at Optical Communication Wavelengths
Authors: Xie Ying , Fan Jiandong , Liu Chong , Chi Shumeng , Wang Zeyan , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin , Mai Yaohua , Wang Jiyang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPhotodetection in the optical communication wavelength band (OCWB) is a key technique for data processing communications. Photodetectors with integrability, ease of fabrication, low cost, and excellent detection properties are favorable for practical applications. Metal halide perovskite thin films have exhibited intriguing optoelectronic properties. However, their relatively wide intrinsic band gaps indicate that direct photodetection in the infrared OCWB seems impossible. Here, for the first time, direct infrared photodetection covering the OCWB with a metal halide perovskite is demonstrated. Associated with an Sn‐component dependent band gap, a CH3NH3Pb0.75Sn0.25I3 perovskite thin film is fabricated, whose nonlinear two‐photon absorption can expand the optical response up to 1.8 µm. Two‐photon absorption is studied and a very large absorption coefficient of 1.15 cm kW−1 is measured, a value that is respectively 5 and 106 times larger than that of CH3NH3PbI3 thin films and halide perovskite bulk crystals. Based on this favorable performance, direct photodetection at 1535 nm in the C‐band of the OCWB and at 1064 nm is characterized. The realization of direct infrared photodetection in a metal halide perovskite provides a possible alternative in advanced integrated optoelectronics and electronics.
Copper‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Defluorinative Borylation and Silylation of gem‐Difluoroalkenes
Authors: Tan Dong‐Hang , Lin E , Ji Wei‐Wei , Zeng Yao‐Fu , Fan Wen‐Xin , Li Qingjiang , Gao Hui , Wang Honggen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed stereoselective defluorinative borylation and silylation of gem‐difluoroalkenes was developed. The protocol led to the exclusive formation of Z type monofluoroalkenyl borons and silanes in generally good efficiency with broad substrate scope. The products formed could be readily transformed to other F‐containing molecules by taking advantage of the versatile reactivities of C−B and C−Si bonds. Experimental and theoretical mechanistic studies were conducted which support an olefin insertion/syn‐planar β‐F elimination pathway.magnified image
Highly Permeable Oligo(ethylene oxide)‐co‐poly(dimethylsiloxane) Membranes for Carbon Dioxide Separation
Authors: Hong Tao , Lai Sophia , Mahurin Shannon M. , Cao Peng‐Fei , Voylov Dmitry N. , Meyer Harry M. , Jacobs Christopher B. , Carrillo Jan‐Michael Y. , Kisliuk Alexander , Ivanov Ilia N. , Jiang De‐en , Long Brian K. , Mays Jimmy W. , Sokolov Alexei P. , Saito Tomonori 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA series of cross‐linked, freestanding oligo(ethylene oxide)‐co‐(polydimethylsiloxane‐norbornene) membranes with varied composition is synthesized via in situ ring‐opening metathesis polymerization. These membranes show remarkably high CO2 permeabilities (3400 Barrer) and their separation performance approaches the Robeson upper bound. The excellent permeability of these copolymer membranes provides great potential for real‐world applications where enormous volumes of gases must be separated. The gas transport properties of these films are found to be directly proportional to oligo(ethylene oxide) content incorporation, which stems from the increased solubility selectivity change within the copolymer matrix. This work provides a systematic study of how gas separation performance in rubbery membranes can be enhanced by tuning the CO2‐philicity of their constituent monomeric subunits.
Nanofibrillated Cellulose‐Based Electrolyte and Electrode for Paper‐Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Jiao Fei , Edberg Jesper , Zhao Dan , Puzinas Skomantas , Khan Zia Ullah , Mäkie Peter , Naderi Ali , Lindström Tom , Odén Magnus , Engquist Isak , Berggren Magnus , Crispin Xavier 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSolar photovoltaic technologies could fully deploy and impact the energy conversion systems in our society if mass‐produced energy‐storage solutions exist. A supercapacitor can regulate the fluctuations on the electrical grid on short time scales. Their mass‐implementation requires the use of abundant materials, biological and organic synthetic materials are attractive because of atomic element abundancy and low‐temperature synthetic processes. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) coming from the forest industry is exploited as a three‐dimensional template to control the transport of ions in an electrolyte‐separator, with nanochannels filled of aqueous electrolyte. The nanochannels are defined by voids in the nanocomposite made of NFC and the proton transporting polymer polystyrene sulfonic acid PSSH. The ionic conductivity of NFC‐PSSH composites (0.2 S cm–1 at 100% relative humidity) exceeds sea water in a material that is solid, feel dry to the finger, but filled of nanodomains of water. A paper‐based supercapacitor made of NFC‐PSSH electrolyte‐separator sandwiched between two paper‐based electrodes is demonstrated. Although modest specific capacitance (81.3 F g–1), power density (2040 W kg–1) and energy density (1016 Wh kg–1), this is the first conceptual demonstration of a supercapacitor based on cellulose in each part of the device; which motivates the search for using paper manufacturing as mass‐production of energy‐storage devices.
Piezoelectric Performance of Cubic‐Phase BaTiO3 Nanoparticles Vertically Aligned via Electric Field
Authors: Yun Je Moon , Shin Jung Ho , Ryu Jungho , Shinde Nanasaheb M. , Kim Kwang Ho 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn general, the piezoelectric generation performance of randomly dispersed particle‐polymer composite nanogenerators is low because of the disconnection between separated nanoparticles and the loss of generating energy on passing through the thick polymer insulating layer. If the nanoparticles are self‐aligned unidirectionally and closely to each other, stress‐induced charges can be generated even with a tiny stimulus with no or less energy loss due to the stress‐sensitive geometric structure and more shortened energy transfer pathways. Herein, a facile electrical orientation method is reported to obtain vertically aligned spherical cubic‐phase BaTiO3 nanoparticle arrays in a polymer matrix for the enhanced piezoelectric power generation. It is observed that the (200) diffraction plane of cubic‐phase BaTiO3 is transformed by an electric field to generate piezoelectric performance. Compared with the randomly dispersed nanoparticle composite, the vertically aligned BaTiO3 array film has excellent electrical output performance (≈3 V and 650 nA) and more than twice the transparency because of reducing light scattering by gathering BaTiO3 nanoparticles. Additionally, it is demonstrated that electric charge generated by a mechanical microloading of 4 µm denting depth using a nanoindenter equipment can pass through the polymer insulating layer in the well‐aligned composite system but not the dispersed system.
Hybrid Li/S Battery Based on Dimethyl Trisulfide and Sulfurized Poly(acrylonitrile)
Authors: Warneke Sven , Zenn Roland Krisp , Lebherz Tim , Müller Kathrin , Hintennach Andreas , Starke Ulrich , Dinnebier Robert E. , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li/S) batteries are among the most promising next‐generation energy storage systems because of their high theoretical specific energy of ≈2600 Wh kg−1. However, conventional Li/S batteries require high amounts of redox‐inactive liquid electrolytes, which do not contribute to cell capacity. Thus, the practical specific energy of Li/S batteries is often relatively poor (<500 Wh kg−1) and barely competitive with Li‐ion batteries. Herein, a new hybrid Li/S battery that contains both a liquid and a solid cathode, i.e., dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) and fibrous sulfurized poly(acrylonitrile) (SPAN) as active materials is presented. These Li/DMTS/SPAN cells exhibit high capacity (formally up to 7100 mA h gsulfur of cathode−1), high areal capacity up to 4.3 mA h cm−2, high rate capability up to 8 C, and excellent cycle stability (>700 cycles). In addition, both the working and aging mechanism are elucidated by NMR, Raman, X‐ray photoelectron and electronic impedance spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and postmortem analysis.
Revealing the Performance Enhancement of Oxygenated Carbonaceous Materials for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: Functional Groups or Specific Surface Area?
Authors: Zeng Lin , Zhao Tianshou , Wei Lei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt is widely recognized that the oxygenated carbonaceous materials improve the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). However, whether the enhanced vanadium redox reactions are due to the existence of grafted oxygen‐containing functional groups (OCFGs) or the enlarged specific surface areas (SSAs) during the course of surface treatments is still under dispute. To determine which factor is indeed responsible for the enhanced redox reactions, a set amount of OCFGs is intentionally grafted on the model carbon electrode without modifying the surface area using an alkaline‐mediated hydrothermal treatment. Experimental results, using the peak potential separation and the activation energy as electroactivity descriptors in the three‐electrode cell, demonstrate that OCFGs promote the V(II)/V(III) redox reaction, while exhibiting a minute catalytic effect on the V(IV)/V(V) redox reaction. The superior electroactivity is also testified by a flow battery test, in which the energy efficiency as well as the charge/discharge capacity of VRFBs with hydrothermally treated samples is significantly higher than those of VRFBs with the pristine one. Through these experiments, it is verified that OCFGs contribute to the electroactivity promotion for carbon electrodes rather than the enhanced SSA. The findings can guide the effort to design high‐performing carbonaceous electrodes for VRFBs.
Guidance and Self‐Sorting of Active Swimmers: 3D Periodic Arrays Increase Persistence Length of Human Sperm Selecting for the Fittest
Authors: Chinnasamy Thiruppathiraja , Kingsley James L. , Inci Fatih , Turek Paul J. , Rosen Mitchell P. , Behr Barry , Tüzel Erkan , Demirci Utkan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMale infertility is a reproductive disease, and existing clinical solutions for this condition often involve long and cumbersome sperm sorting methods, including preprocessing and centrifugation‐based steps. These methods also fall short when sorting for sperm free of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and epigenetic aberrations. Although several microfluidic platforms exist, they suffer from structural complexities, i.e., pumps or chemoattractants, setting insurmountable barriers to clinical adoption. Inspired by the natural filter‐like capabilities of the female reproductive tract for sperm selection, a model‐driven design, featuring pillar arrays that efficiently and noninvasively isolate highly motile and morphologically normal sperm, with lower epigenetic global methylation, from raw semen, is presented. The Simple Periodic ARray for Trapping And isolatioN (SPARTAN) created here modulates the directional persistence of sperm, increasing the spatial separation between progressive and nonprogressive motile sperm populations within an unprecedentedly short 10 min assay time. With over 99% motility of sorted sperm, a 5‐fold improvement in morphology, 3‐fold increase in nuclear maturity, and 2–4‐fold enhancement in DNA integrity, SPARTAN offers to standardize sperm selection while eliminating operator‐to‐operator variations, centrifugation, and flow. SPARTAN can also be applied in other areas, including conservation ecology, breeding of farm animals, and design of flagellar microrobots for diagnostics.
Formation and Diffusion of Metal Impurities in Perovskite Solar Cell Material CH3NH3PbI3: Implications on Solar Cell Degradation and Choice of Electrode
Authors: Ming Wenmei , Yang Dongwen , Li Tianshu , Zhang Lijun , Du Mao‐Hua 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSolar cells based on methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) have shown remarkable progress in recent years and have demonstrated efficiencies greater than 20%. However, the long‐term stability of MAPbI3‐based solar cells has yet to be achieved. Besides the well‐known chemical and thermal instabilities, significant native ion migration in lead halide perovskites leads to current–voltage hysteresis and photoinduced phase segregation. Recently, it is further revealed that, despite having excellent chemical stability, the Au electrode can cause serious solar cell degradation due to Au diffusion into MAPbI3. In addition to Au, many other metals have been used as electrodes in MAPbI3 solar cells. However, how the external metal impurities introduced by electrodes affect the long‐term stability of MAPbI3 solar cells has rarely been studied. A comprehensive study of formation energetics and diffusion dynamics of a number of noble and transition metal impurities (Au, Ag, Cu, Cr, Mo, W, Co, Ni, Pd) in MAPbI3 based on first‐principles calculations is reported herein. The results uncover important general trends of impurity formation and diffusion in MAPbI3 and provide useful guidance for identifying the optimal metal electrodes that do not introduce electrically active impurity defects in MAPbI3 while having low resistivities and suitable work functions for carrier extraction.
Elastic Sandwich‐Type rGO–VS2/S Composites with High Tap Density: Structural and Chemical Cooperativity Enabling Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with High Energy Density
Authors: Cheng Zhibin , Xiao Zhubing , Pan Hui , Wang Shiqing , Wang Ruihu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDriven by increasing demand for high‐energy‐density batteries for consumer electronics and electric vehicles, substantial progress is achieved in the development of long‐life lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Less attention is given to Li–S batteries with high volume energy density, which is crucial for applications in compact space. Here, a series of elastic sandwich‐structured cathode materials consisting of alternating VS2‐attached reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets and active sulfur layers are reported. Due to the high polarity and conductivity of VS2, a small amount of VS2 can suppress the shuttle effect of polysulfides and improve the redox kinetics of sulfur species in the whole sulfur layer. Sandwich‐structured rGO–VS2/S composites exhibit significantly improved electrochemical performance, with high discharge capacities, low polarization, and excellent cycling stability compared with their bare rGO/S counterparts. Impressively, the tap density of rGO–VS2/S with 89 wt% sulfur loading is 1.84 g cm−3, which is almost three times higher than that of rGO/S with the same sulfur content (0.63 g cm−3), and the volumetric specific capacity of the whole cell is as high as 1182.1 mA h cm−3, comparable with the state‐of‐the‐art reported for energy storage devices, demonstrating the potential for application of these composites in long‐life and high‐energy‐density Li–S batteries.
MoS2/Graphene Nanosheets from Commercial Bulky MoS2 and Graphite as Anode Materials for High Rate Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Dan , Ye Delai , Liu Ping , Tang Yougen , Guo Jun , Wang Lianzhou , Wang Haiyan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTuning heterointerfaces between hybrid phases is a very promising strategy for designing advanced energy storage materials. Herein, a low‐cost, high‐yield, and scalable two‐step approach is reported to prepare a new type of hybrid material containing MoS2/graphene nanosheets prepared from ball‐milling and exfoliation of commercial bulky MoS2 and graphite. When tested as an anode material for a sodium‐ion battery, the as‐prepared MoS2/graphene nanosheets exhibit remarkably high rate capability (284 mA h g−1 at 20 A g−1 (≈30C) and 201 mA h g−1 at 50 A g−1 (≈75C)) and excellent cycling stability (capacity retention of 95% after 250 cycles at 0.3 A g−1). Detailed experimental measurements and density functional theory calculation reveal that the functional groups in 2D MoS2/graphene heterostructures can be well tuned. The impressive rate capacity of the as‐prepared MoS2/graphene hybrids should be attributed to the heterostructures with a low degree of defects and residual oxygen containing groups in graphene, which subsequently improve the electronic conductivity of graphene and decrease the Na+ diffusion barrier at the MoS2/graphene interfaces in comparison with the acid treated one.
Occupational exposure to textile dust and lung cancer risk: Results from the ICARE Study
Authors: Ben Khedher Soumaya , Neri Monica , Guida Florence , Matrat Mireille , Cenée Sylvie , Sanchez Marie , Radoi Loredana , Menvielle Gwenn , Marrer Emilie , Luce Danièle , Stücker Isabelle ,   The Icare Study Group
Published: December 2017

BackgroundTo investigate the association of lung cancer with occupational exposure to textile dust and specifically to cotton dust in the population‐based case‐control study ICARE.MethodsLifelong occupational history of 2926 cases and 3555 controls was collected using standardized questionnaires, with specific questions for textile dust exposure. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models controlling for confounding factors including smoking and asbestos exposure.ResultsAn inverse association between textile dust exposure and lung cancer was found among workers exposed ≥5% of their work time (OR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.58‐1.09), more pronounced for distant exposures (40+ years; up to a 56% reduced risk, statistically significant). The OR of lung cancer was significantly decreased among workers exposed to cotton fibers (OR = 0.70, 95%CI = 0.48‐0.97).ConclusionsOur results provide some evidence of a decreased risk of lung cancer associated with exposure to textile dust, particularly cotton.
Highly Selective and Sensitive 2‐(2′‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole‐Based Turn‐On Fluorescent Probes for Detecting and Imaging Bisulfite in Living Cells
Authors: Wang Shao‐Jing , Li Jin , Gao Ying , Guo Yuan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBisulfite (HSO3−) is one of the main forms of sulfur dioxide in physiological systems. Two 2‐(2′‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole‐derived fluorescent probes bearing a nitroolefin moiety were designed based on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect and excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism to afford a fluorescent turn‐on response specifically in the present of HSO3− ions. Owing to the remarkable ICT effect from hydroxy group to the nitro group, the probes exhibit extremely weak fluorescence. Upon the conjugate addition reaction with HSO3− at the nitroolefin moiety of the probes, the ICT character is weakened and the absorption spectra of the products are blueshifted. A pronounced fluorescence enhancement based on ESIPT was also observed. The two probes exhibited good sensitivity, high selectivity and an excellent anti‐interference properties of their large Stokes shifts, indicating that the probes are highly suitable for biological systems. Furthermore, they were successfully applied to the imaging of HSO3− in living cells.
The Liebeskind–Srogl Cross‐Coupling Reaction and its Synthetic Applications
Authors: Cheng Hong‐Gang , Chen Han , Liu Yue , Zhou Qianghui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed, CuI−carboxylate‐mediated cross‐coupling reaction of organosulfur compounds with nucleophilic organometallic reagents is known as the Liebeskind–Srogl cross‐coupling reaction. Owing to the readily available starting materials and neutral reaction conditions, it has become an attractive procedure for the formation of carbon−carbon bonds, in particular for cases in which traditional methods had failed. Since the seminal work of Liebeskind and Srogl in 2000, this reaction has received intense attention from the synthetic community. In this Focus Review, we highlight recent advances in this intriguing cross‐coupling reaction and its applications in organic synthesis.
Catalyst‐Free Regioselective Sulfenylation of Imidazoheterocycles with Sulfonyl Hydrazides in Water
Authors: Chowdhury Soumyadeep Roy , Fadikar Pulak , Ul Hoque Injamam , Maity Soumitra 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA simple, efficient and catalyst‐free sulfenylation of imidazoheterocycles with sulfonyl hydrazides has been developed in water under additive free condition. This method is highly regioselective, and the corresponding thio products were obtained in good to excellent yields. Experimental studies were indicative of the formation of sufonothioate intermediates from sufonyl hydrazides as the active thiol carrier for this transformation.