bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current standard treatment of adult acute promyelocytic leukaemia
Authors: Lo‐Coco Francesco , Cicconi Laura , Breccia Massimo 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe outcome of patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) has dramatically improved over the last two decades, due to the introduction of combined all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy regimens and, more recently, to the advent of arsenic trioxide (ATO). ATRA and anthracycline‐based chemotherapy remains a widely used strategy, providing cure rates above 80%, but it is associated with risk of severe infections and occurrence of secondary leukaemias. ATO is the most effective single agent in APL and, used alone or in combination with ATRA or ATRA and reduced‐intensity chemotherapy, results in greater efficacy with considerably less haematological toxicity. The toxic profile of ATO includes frequent, but manageable, QTc prolongation and increase of liver enzymes. Two large randomized studies have shown that ATRA + ATO is superior to ATRA + chemotherapy for newly diagnosed low‐risk APL resulting in 2–4 year event‐free survival rates above 90% and very few relapses. According to real world data, the spectacular progress in APL outcomes reported in clinical trials has not been paralleled by a significant improvement in early death rates, this remains the most challenging issue for the final cure of the disease.
Compound 9a, a novel synthetic histone deacetylase inhibitor, protects against septic injury in mice by suppressing MAPK signalling
Authors: Kim So‐Jin , Baek Ki Seon , Park Hyun‐Ju , Jung Young Hoon , Lee Sun‐Mee 
Published: December 2015

Background and PurposeSepsis is a life‐threatening clinical condition characterized by uncontrolled inflammatory responses and is a major cause of death in intensive care units. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have recently exhibited anti‐inflammatory properties. MAPK phosphatase (MKP) suppresses MAPK signalling, which plays an important role in inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective mechanisms of Compound 9a, a newly synthetized HDAC inhibitor, against septic injury.Experimental ApproachThe anti‐inflammatory properties of Compound 9a were assayed in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, polymicrobial sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The mice were treated with Compound 9a (i.p., 10 mg∙kg−1) 2 h before and immediately after CLP.Key ResultsCompound 9a inhibited the increased production of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and NO in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In mice with CLP, Compound 9a improved survival rate, attenuated organ injuries and decreased serum TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels. CLP increased expression of toll‐like receptor 4, phosphorylated (p)‐p38, p‐JNK and p‐ERK proteins, which was attenuated by Compound 9a. Compound 9a decreased MKP‐1 association with HDAC1 and enhanced MKP‐1 acetylation and enhanced MKP‐1 association with p‐p38 and p‐ERK. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of Compound 9a on serum cytokine levels and phosphorylation of MAPK were abolished by MKP‐1 siRNA.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur findings suggest that Compound 9a protected against septic injury by suppressing MAPK‐mediated inflammatory signalling.
Tracing economic transition in the mine towns of northern Ontario: An application of the “resource‐dependency model”
Authors: Mitchell Clare J. A. , O'Neill Kendra 
Published: December 2015

Key Messages

The relationship between economic transition and population change is examined in 19 mining census subdivisions of northern Ontario for the period 1991 to 2011.
In 13 localities, three transition variants are traced to the stages of in‐ or ex‐situ post‐dependence in our Resource Dependency Model.
Transition does not generate significant nor sustainable population growth but is necessary to avoid economic vacuity and extensive population loss.
Validity of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire to detect risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder in preschoolers
Authors: King‐Dowling S. , Rodriguez M. C. , Missiuna C. , Cairney J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundA reliable and valid screening tool for detecting children at risk for Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire‐Third Edition (ASQ‐3) motor scales to detect children at risk for DCD in a community‐based sample of children aged 3.5–5.5 years.MethodsOne hundred and sixty parent–child pairs were recruited from community‐based organizations. Children were eligible if they spoke English and had no known physical impairments. Eligible parents were asked to fill out the ASQ‐3, following which their child's fine motor and gross motor proficiency was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children – Second Edition (MABC‐2). DCD risk was defined as those children scoring at or below the 16th percentile on the MABC‐2. Sensitivity and specificity of the fine and gross motor areas of the ASQ‐3 were examined and referenced against the DCD risk classification.ResultsThe ASQ‐3 total motor score correlated moderately with overall standard score on the MABC‐2 (r = 0.41; p < 0.001). Regardless of the ASQ‐3 cut‐off used, sensitivities of the ASQ‐3 fine motor or gross motor scale to detect DCD risk were low at 21–47%, whereas specificities were high at 89–96%.ConclusionEarly identification of motor skill delays is important in order to intervene and hopefully prevent the associated negative health consequences. However, because of the low sensitivity of the ASQ‐3 motor scales, these results suggest that the ASQ‐3 is not an appropriate screening tool to identify children at risk for DCD in the preschool population.
Dental associations with blood mercury in pregnant women
Authors: Golding Jean , Steer Colin D. , Gregory Steven , Lowery Tony , Hibbeln Joseph R. , Taylor Caroline M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivesThere is curiosity concerning the source of mercury that is absorbed into the mother's blood and which may affect the developing fetus. This study therefore sets out to determine the extent to which dental amalgam (DA) may contribute to total blood mercury (TBHg) levels of pregnant women in the UK.MethodsWhole blood samples and information on diet and socio‐demographic factors were collected from pregnant women (n = 4484) enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The whole blood samples were assayed for total mercury levels using inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry (ICP‐DRC‐MS), and the women were retrospectively asked about features of their dental care during the pregnancy. Linear regression was used to estimate the relative contributions of DA to TBHg levels (log‐transformed) based on R2 values, compared to the results from dietary and socio‐demographic variables.ResultsThe contribution to the variance of the mothers' TBHg levels by dental variables was 6.47%, a figure comparable to the 8.75% shown for seafood consumption in this population. Dietary and dental variables explained 20.16% of the variance, with socio‐demographic variables contributing only a further 3.40%. The number of amalgams in the mouth at the start of pregnancy accounted for most of the variance in dental variables.ConclusionsDental amalgam contributes a comparable amount of variance in TBHg to seafood consumption in this population. However, because the measures of DA exposure were imprecise, these findings are likely to be an underestimate. There is no evidence to date in the literature that fetal exposures to mercury from maternal DAs have adverse effects on the developing child, but long‐term studies are warranted.
Memory‐Efficient Interactive Online Reconstruction From Depth Image Streams
Authors: Reichl F. , Weiss J. , Westermann R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe describe how the pipeline for 3D online reconstruction using commodity depth and image scanning hardware can be made scalable for large spatial extents and high scanning resolutions. Our modified pipeline requires less than 10% of the memory that is required by previous approaches at similar speed and resolution. To achieve this, we avoid storing a 3D distance field and weight map during online scene reconstruction. Instead, surface samples are binned into a high‐resolution binary voxel grid. This grid is used in combination with caching and deferred processing of depth images to reconstruct the scene geometry. For pose estimation, GPU ray‐casting is performed on the binary voxel grid. A one‐to‐one comparison to level‐set ray‐casting in a distance volume indicates slightly lower pose accuracy. To enable unlimited spatial extents and store acquired samples at the appropriate level of detail, we combine a hash map with a hierarchical tree representation.
Antitakeover Statutes and Internal Corporate Governance
Authors: Lee Choonsik , Chung Kee H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueThis paper examines the relation between internal corporate governance and the market for corporate control by analyzing how firms' internal governance mechanisms are related to states' antitakeover statutes (ATS). Specifically, we test two competing hypotheses concerning the effect of ATS on internal governance: the substitution hypothesis and the complementarity hypothesis.Research Findings/InsightsWe provide evidence that is consistent with the complementarity hypothesis that exposure to a possible takeover increases rather than decreases the need for better internal governance mechanisms. Specifically, firms that are exposed to takeover threats (i.e., firms in states without ATS or firms that opt out of states' ATS) have stronger internal governance mechanisms (i.e., adopt a greater number of governance standards) than do firms that are not exposed to takeover threats (i.e., firms in states with ATS). In a similar vein, firms adopt more internal governance standards when states abolish existing ATS.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsAlthough prior research suggests that exposure to takeover threats reduces managerial entrenchment through its disciplinary effect, our study provides evidence that exposure to a possible takeover could exacerbate the managerial myopia problem and that firms mitigate this problem through internal governance mechanisms. The results of the present study suggest that certain governance mechanisms (e.g., state‐level ATS) are more effective in addressing the agency problem in the presence of other complementary governance mechanisms (e.g., firm‐level governance standards), contributing to the growing literature that calls attention to the importance of viewing various governance mechanisms from a bundle perspective. In addition, our study contributes to the literature with a new identification strategy. Our identification strategy makes use of the fact that firms would not be subject to the same shock from the abolition of ATS if they had already opted out, which enables us to analyze the relation between ATS and internal governance mechanisms more accurately. This identification strategy may benefit future studies that consider state‐level changes in ATS to be exogenous shocks.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur study provides empirical evidence concerning the complex ramifications of states' antitakeover statutes for corporate governance that policymakers and market regulators should consider in their decision‐making. The complementarity, particularly between state‐level laws and firm‐level board functions, may deserve better attention from policymakers, regulators, and corporate managers.
Cervical cancer stem cells
Authors: Yao Tingting , Lu Rongbiao , Zhang Yizhen , Zhang Ya , Zhao Chenyang , Lin Rongchun , Lin Zhongqiu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe concept of cancer stem cells (CSC) has been established over the past decade or so, and their role in carcinogenic processes has been confirmed. In this review, we focus on cervical CSCs, including (1) their purported origin, (2) markers used for cervical CSC identification, (3) alterations to signalling pathways in cervical cancer and (4) the cancer stem cell niche. Although cervical CSCs have not yet been definitively identified and characterized, future studies pursuing them as therapeutic targets may provide novel insights for treatment of cervical cancer.
The State of Freedom in Europe
Authors: Gearty Conor 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe reaction to 11 September damaged the liberty of those living in Europe who found themselves targeted as suspect terrorists while seeming to do little to ensure the security of the wider community. More recently a second emergency, rooted this time in the financial and economic collapse of 2008 onwards, has caused a further unravelling of Europe's constitutional project, even threatening the gains of past generations of European idealists. In today's Europe universal liberty and security have no meaning for many even if their shape is retained in structures that in truth mock rather than deliver democracy and human rights. This article traces the origins of the crises that have afflicted so directly the breadth of liberty and human security in the Union, demonstrating their roots in ‘viruses’ that have been present from the start of the European movement but which have now spiralled out of control. The essay ends by asking what can be done to prevent the full decline of the region into a state of neo‐democratic/post‐democratic unfreedom, one in which capital unbound from democracy thrives at the expense of the people.
Impacts of management practices on bioenergy feedstock yield and economic feasibility on Conservation Reserve Program grasslands
Authors: Anderson Eric K. , Aberle Ezra , Chen Chengci , Egenolf Josh , Harmoney Keith , Kakani Vijaya Gopal , Kallenbach Robert , Khanna Madhu , Wang Weiwei , Lee DoKyoung 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPerennial grass mixtures planted on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land are a potential source of dedicated bioenergy feedstock. Long‐term nitrogen (N) and harvest management are critical factors for maximizing biomass yield while maintaining the longevity of grass stands. A six‐year farm‐scale study was conducted to understand the impact of weather variability on biomass yield, determine optimal N fertilization and harvest timing management practices for sustainable biomass production, and estimate economic viability at six CRP sites in the United States. Precipitation during the growing season was a critical factor for annual biomass production across all regions, and annual biomass production was severely reduced when growing season precipitation was below 50% of average. The N rate of 112 kg ha−1 produced the highest biomass yield at each location. Harvest timing resulting in the highest biomass yield was site‐specific and was a factor of predominant grass type, seasonal precipitation, and the number of harvests taken per year. The use of N fertilizer for yield enhancement unambiguously increased the cost of biomass regardless of the harvest timing for all six sites. The breakeven price of biomass at the farmgate ranged from $37 to $311 Mg−1 depending on the rate of N application, timing of harvesting, and location when foregone opportunity costs were not considered. Breakeven prices ranged from $69 to $526 Mg−1 when the loss of CRP land rental payments was included as an opportunity cost. Annual cost of the CRP to the federal government could be reduced by over 8% in the states included in this study; however, this would require the biomass price to be much higher than in the case where the landowner receives the CRP land rent. This field research demonstrated the importance of long‐term, farm‐scale research for accurate estimation of biomass feedstock production and economic viability from perennial grasslands.
Design of the Mobility and Independent Living in Elders Study: An older adult cohort in rural India
Authors: Singh Tushar , Sharma Pawan K , Jammy Guru Rajesh , Cauley Jane A , Bunker Clareann H , Reddy PS , Newman Anne B 
Published: December 2015

AimThe Mobility and Independent Living in Elders Study (MILES) was established in 2012 to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for disability and age‐related disease in rural older Indians. Here we describe the main goals of MILES, the essential elements of its design and examinations, and the initial findings from the baseline visit.MethodsA random sample of 562 men and women aged ≥60 years was enrolled from the Medchal region in Telangana State. Baseline examination consisted of two separate clinical visits, and included measurements of blood pressure, anthropometry, physical function, peripheral artery disease, cognitive function, bone and muscle quality, knee osteoarthritis, carotid intima‐media thickness, and blood biomarkers. A comprehensive interview was carried out for demographics, disability and disease history. Annual follow‐up visits are ongoing to collect information on incident disability and disease.ResultsThe median age of participants was 66 years (range 60–92 years); median body mass index 21.7 kg/m2, median gait speed 0.67 m/s and 55% self‐reported their health status as fair or poor.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a more frail population in the MILES cohort compared with older adults in USA cohorts. MILES will provide estimates of burden of disease, and disability and risk factors in older adults. Findings will be used to identify potential interventions to prevent disability in this rural Indian population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 31–40.
Effects of gum chewing exercises on saliva secretion and occlusal force in community‐dwelling elderly individuals: A pilot study
Authors: Nakagawa Kazuharu , Matsuo Koichiro , Takagi Daisuke , Morita Yu , Ooka Takafumi , Hironaka Shouji , Mukai Yoshiharu 
Published: December 2015

AimElderly individuals face the risk of reductions in saliva secretion and occlusal force caused by systemic diseases or medications that can eventually result in malnutrition and systemic complications. We tested the hypothesis that regular gum chewing exercises (GCE) would enhance saliva secretion and occlusal force in an elderly population.MethodsA total of 12 community‐dwelling elderly individuals (3 men and 9 women) participated in this study after providing informed consent. Participants carried out GCE regimens using a soft gum (GCE‐S) or hard gum (GCE‐H) for 2 weeks each, with a 2‐week rest period between trials. Mucosal moisture on the tongue surface, resting saliva, and occlusal force were measured before and after each test gum, and changes in parameters at relevant time‐points were statistically analyzed. Differences in each measurement item were assessed using the Friedman test for before and after the GCE. We used the Holm's correction for multiple comparisons if the Friedman test results were significant. The critical value for rejecting the null hypothesis was set at P < 0.05.ResultsResting saliva secretion significantly increased after GCE‐S, returned to baseline levels during the rest period and significantly increased again after GCE‐H. Mucosal moisture and occlusal force followed a similar trend, with a significant rise after GCE‐H.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that GCE can increase resting saliva secretion and occlusal force in elderly individuals. Further investigations are required on the appropriate use of soft and hard gums to address oral frailty in elderly individuals. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 48–53.
Predictors of chewing ability among community‐residing older adults in Korea
Authors: Park Kyongok , Hong Gwi‐Ryung Son 
Published: December 2015

AimsDecreased chewing ability in older adults can lead to poor nutritional and physical conditions, and eventually death. The present study examined the relationships between chewing ability and related characteristics (e.g. health promotion habits, health status and functional status), and identified predictors of chewing ability in community‐residing older adults.MethodsAmong the total of 11 542 participants in the 2011 National Survey on Older Adults in Korea, data from 10 543 participants were used for analysis. Chewing ability was evaluated using a self‐report of chewing ability. Exercise ability was assessed by objective exercise ability and perceived exercise ability in both the upper and lower extremities. Depression and cognitive functions were measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale‐Short Form and the Mini‐Mental State Examination, respectively.ResultsA total of 56.9% of participants had poor chewing abilities. After adjusting for age and sex, logistic regression analysis showed that depression (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.60–1.92), cognitive impairment (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17–1.40), objective exercise ability (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11–1.41), regular exercise habits (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.13–1.34), medical check‐up history (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05–1.32), number of chronic diseases (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.09–1.15) and perceived exercise ability in the lower extremities (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05–1.10) were significant predictors of chewing ability.ConclusionChewing ability in older adults should be improved in consideration of mental and general health condition. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 78–84.
International trends in health science librarianship part 17: a comparison of health science libraries with academic and research libraries
Authors: Murphy Jeannette 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOver the last 4 years this Regular Feature has looked at trends in health science librarianship in the 21st century. Although there are still a few more regions to be covered in this series, this issue explores general trends in academic and research libraries with a view to discovering whether the trends identified for health science libraries are similar. Are health science libraries unique? Or do their experiences mirror those found in the wider world of academic and research libraries?JM
Effect of tibial nerve stimulation on bladder afferent nerve activity in a rat detrusor overactivity model
Authors: Choudhary Mahipal , van Mastrigt Ron , van Asselt Els 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTo study the post‐stimulation effect of tibial nerve stimulation on rat bladder afferent activity, and urodynamic parameters in normal and acetic acid‐induced detrusor overactivity conditions.MethodsIn urethane anesthetized male Wistar rats, the tibial nerve was stimulated for 30 min at 5 Hz, pulse width 200 μs and amplitude approximately threefold the threshold to induce a slight toe movement. The post‐stimulation effect was studied by measuring afferent nerve activity of postganglionic pelvic nerve branches and various urodynamic parameters under two different conditions: (i) in physiological saline filling experiments (simulating normal bladder condition); and (ii) in acetic acid irritated bladders (simulating detrusor overactivity).ResultsAfter 30 min of tibial nerve stimulation in saline filling experiments, the bladder capacity, threshold pressure and afferent nerve activity were not significantly different from the prestimulation measurements. The instillation of 0.5% acetic acid significantly reduced the bladder capacity and increased the afferent nerve activity. Tibial nerve stimulation significantly improved the bladder capacity and suppressed the afferent nerve activity compared with prestimulation acetic acid measurements.ConclusionsTibial nerve stimulation is able to significantly restore the bladder capacity by inhibiting afferent nerve activity in chemically irritated rat bladders. The present study provides important basic electrophysiological evidence to substantiate the clinical use of tibial nerve stimulation for treatment of symptoms related to detrusor overactivity.