bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clostridial Strain-Specific Characteristics Associated with Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Schönherr-Hellec Sophia , Klein Geraldine L. , Delannoy Johanne , Ferraris Laurent , Rozé Jean Christophe , Butel Marie José , Aires Julio 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

We aimed at identifying potential bacterial factors linking clostridia with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We compared the phenotypic traits, stress responses, cellular cytotoxicity, and inflammatory capabilities of the largest collection of
Clostridium butyricum
and
Clostridium neonatale
strains isolated from fecal samples of NEC preterm neonates (PN) and control PNs. When strain characteristics were used as explanatory variables, a statistical discriminant analysis allowed the separation of NEC and control strains into separate groups. Strains isolated from NEC PN were characterized by a higher viability at 30°C (
P
= 0.03) and higher aerotolerance (
P
= 0.01), suggesting that NEC strains may have a competitive and/or survival advantage in the environmental gastrointestinal tract conditions of NEC PN. Heat-treated NEC bacteria induced higher production of interleukin-8 in Caco-2 cells (
P
= 0.03), suggesting proinflammatory activity.
In vitro
, bacteria, bacterial components, and fecal filtrates showed variable cytotoxic effects affecting the cellular network and/or cell viability, without specific association with NEC or control samples. Altogether, our data support the existence of a specific clostridial strain signature associated with NEC.

IMPORTANCE
Clostridia are part of the commensal microbiota in preterm neonates (PN). However, microbiota analyses by culture and metagenomics have linked necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and intestinal colonization with clostridial species. Nevertheless, little is known about the specific characteristics that may be shared by clostridia associated with NEC compared to commensal clostridia. Therefore, our goal was to identify specific bacterial factors linking clostridial strains with NEC. We report the existence of a specific bacterial signature associated with NEC and propose that activation of the innate immune response may be a unifying causative mechanism for the development of NEC independent of a specific pathogenic organism. The present study provides new insights into NEC pathophysiology that are needed for better diagnostics and strategies for implementing prevention of the disease.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Mycobacterium setense
CSUR47
Authors: Bouam Amar , Levasseur Anthony , Drancourt Michel 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium setense
CSUR47 is a rapidly growing
Mycobacterium
species strain isolated from pus collected from a left maxillary sinus in Marseille, France. Here, we report the complete 6,278,097-bp genome sequence of
M. setense
CSUR47, which exhibits a 66.40% GC content and encodes 5,863 protein-coding genes, 48 tRNAs, and 9 rRNAs.
Draft Genome Sequence ofCoxiella burnetiiHistorical Strain Leningrad-2, Isolated from Blood of a Patient with Acute Q Fever in Saint Petersburg, Russia
Authors: Freylikhman Olga , Kiselev Artem , Kazakov Sergey , Sergushichev Alexey , Panferova Yulia , Tokarevich Nikolay , Kostareva Anna 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThis is the announcement of a draft genome sequence ofCoxiella burnetiistrain Leningrad-2, phase I. The strain, which is mildly virulent in infected guinea pigs, was isolated in 1957 from the blood of a patient with acute Q fever in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), Russia.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Streptococcus canis
Clinical Strain TA4, Harboring the M-Like Protein Gene and Isolated in Japan from a Patient with Bacteremia
Authors: Yoshida Haruno , Katayama Yukie , Fukushima Yasuto , Taniyama Daisuke , Murata Yoshiteru , Mizutani Tetsuya , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus canis
is an animal-origin β-hemolytic bacterium that can cause severe infections in animals and occasionally infects humans. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of an
S. canis
strain harboring the M-like protein gene. This strain was isolated from a patient with bacteremia (reported by Taniyama et al. [D. Taniyama, Y. Abe, T. Sakai, T. Kikuchi, and T. Takahashi, IDCases 7:48–52, 2017,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2017.01.002
]). The draft genome comprises 2,129,080 bp in 60 contigs.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces
Bacteriophage Abt2graduatex2
Authors: Erill Ivan , Caruso Steven M. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

The
Streptomyces
bacteriophage Abt2graduatex2 is a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)
Siphoviridae
isolated from soil collected in Baltimore, MD, and harvested using
Streptomyces griseus
subsp.
griseus
. Abt2graduatex2, a cluster BG phage, encodes an HicA-like toxin.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Paracoccus yeei
TT13, Isolated from Human Skin
Authors: Lim Jae Yun , Hwang Ingyu , Ganzorig Munkhtsatsral , Pokhriyal Shivalika , Singh Rajni , Lee Kyoung 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Paracoccus yeei
TT13 was isolated from human skin because of its ability to degrade propylene glycol. Here, we present the whole-genome sequence of this strain; it possesses one 3.58-Mb chromosome and six plasmids. TT13 genome analysis indicated that this bacterium has denitrification potential.
Increased Epitope Complexity Correlated with Antibody Affinity Maturation and a Novel Binding Mode Revealed by Structures of Rabbit Antibodies against the Third Variable Loop (V3) of HIV-1 gp120
Authors: Pan Ruimin , Qin Yali , Banasik Marisa , Lees William , Shepherd Adrian J. , Cho Michael W. , Kong Xiang-Peng 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe third variable (V3) loop of HIV-1 gp120 is an immunodominant region targeted by neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). Despite limited breadth, better characterization of the structural details of the interactions between these nAbs and their target epitopes would enhance our understanding of the mechanism of neutralization and facilitate designing better immunogens to induce nAbs with greater breadth. Recently, we isolated two anti-V3 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), 10A3 and 10A37, from a rabbit immunized with gp120 of the M group consensus sequence. In this study, crystal structures of these MAbs bound to target epitopes were determined. 10A3 binds to the V3 crown (303TRKSIHIGPGRAF317) using the cradle binding mode, similar to human V3 MAbs encoded by IGHV5-51 germ line genes, and its epitope structure resembles that bound to the human antibodies. In contrast, 10A37, which exhibits greater breadth and potency than 10A3, binds the V3 crown and the succeeding stem region (308HIGPGRAFYTTGEI323). Unexpectedly, the315RAFYTT320portion of the epitope existed as helical turns, a V3 structure that has not been observed previously. Its main chain-dominated antigen-antibody interactions not only explain the broad neutralization of 10A37 but also show that its epitope is a potential vaccine target to be further evaluated. In conclusion, our study provides novel insights about neutralization-susceptible epitope structures of the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 and demonstrates that, despite low amino acid sequence similarity to human antibody germ line genes, rabbits can serve as a useful animal model to evaluate human vaccine candidates.IMPORTANCEThe apex crown of V3 of HIV-1 gp120 is the most immunogenic region of the surface glycoprotein, and many MAbs targeting this region have been developed. Structural understanding of V3 crown MAbs not only can help understand how antibody responses target this unique region but also contribute to immunogen design for vaccine development. We present here crystal structures of two neutralizing V3 MAbs, 10A3 and 10A37, developed from a rabbit immunized with gp120. Our analysis of 10A3 in complex with V3 provided a detailed example of how epitope complexity can evolve with affinity maturation, while that of 10A37 revealed a novel V3 binding mode targeting the C-terminal side of the V3 crown and showed that this region can form a helical structure. Our study provides novel insights about neutralization-susceptible V3 epitope structures and demonstrates that rabbits can serve as a useful animal model to evaluate human vaccine candidates.
How fast can low-angle normal faults slip? Insights from cosmogenic exposure dating of the active Mai’iu fault, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Webber S. , Norton K.P. , Little T.A. , Wallace L.M. , Ellis S. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Is there an upper limit to normal fault slip rates? The Mai’iu fault, located within the rapidly extending Woodlark Rift, Papua New Guinea, is one of few active continental low-angle normal faults (LANFs) globally. There is ongoing debate regarding how commonly normal faults slip at shallow (&lt;30°) dips, and at what rates. We present a global compilation of reported slip rates on active and inactive extensional detachments that suggests that such faults may slip at &gt;10–20 mm/yr—faster than any reported high-angle normal fault. Cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating (10Be in quartz) of the lowermost Mai’iu fault scarp supports this finding, indicating slip at 11.7 ± 3.5 mm/yr over the past ∼5.5 k.y. Our results highlight the long-term viability of LANFs, and show that the Mai’iu fault represents one of Earth’s fastest active continental normal faults. Rapid and large-displacement slip is likely enabled by extremely low fault frictional strength.
Visual outcomes after chemotherapy for optic pathway glioma in children with and without neurofibromatosis type 1: results of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) Low-Grade Glioma 2004 trial UK cohort
Authors: Falzon Kevin , Drimtzias Evangelos , Picton Susan , Simmons Ian 
Published: January 2018

AimsTo report visual acuity (VA) outcomes following chemotherapy for optic pathway glioma (OPG) in children with or without neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) and to analyse associated risk factors.MethodsA prospective, multicentre, cohort study involving 155 children treated between September 2004 and December 2012. Initial and final VA was used for per-eye and per-subject analysis. Correlation tests were performed to determine whether initial VA predicted final VA. Logistic regression was used to determine whether age and tumour location were associated risk factors.Results90 children had complete ophthalmological data. At initiation of chemotherapy, 26% and 49% of eyes with NF1-OPG and sporadic OPG, respectively, had VA of ≥0.7 log of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). At final visit, per eye, 49% had ≤0.2, 23% had 0.30–0.60 and 28% had VA≥0.70 logMAR in the NF1-OPG group. In the sporadic OPG group, per eye, 32% had ≤0.2, 11% had VA 0.30–0.60 and 57% had ≥0.70 logMAR. Children with sporadic OPG, per eye, were significantly less likely to have VA outcomes ≤0.60 logMAR compared with children with NF1-OPG (OR=0.30; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.56; P<0.0001). Per subject, VA improved in 24%, remained stable in 35% and worsened in 41% of children with NF1-OPG and improved in 18%, remained stable in 43% and worsened in 39% of children with sporadic OPG.ConclusionsChildren with and without NF1 demonstrated the same rate of VA improvement, stabilisation or worsening; however, children with sporadic OPG had a poorer VA outcome. Better initial VA, older age, absence of postchiasm tumour and presence of NF1 were associated with improved or stable VA outcomes.
Peripapillary vascular changes in radiation optic neuropathy: an optical coherence tomography angiography grading
Authors: Parrozzani Raffaele , Frizziero Luisa , Londei Davide , Trainiti Sara , Modugno Rocco Luigi , Leonardi Francesca , Pulze Serena , Miglionico Giacomo , Pilotto Elisabetta , Midena Edoardo 
Published: January 2018

AimsTo investigate peripapillary vascular changes secondary to radiation optic neuropathy (RON) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and to propose a clinical grading of RON based on OCT-A findings.MethodsThirty-four patients affected by RON were consecutively included. Each patient underwent best corrected visual acuity measurement (ETDRS score) and OCT-A (Nidek RS-3000 Advance device, Nidek, Gamagori, Japan). The radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) and the entire peripapillary capillary bed (EPCB) were analysed. Quantitative analysis of the OCT-A images was performed using open-source available ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA). Qualitative analysis based on the proposed clinical grading (Grades 0–4) was also performed by two masked graders.ResultsRON clinical (qualitative) classification based on RPCP correlated with the quantitative RPCP perfusion analysis (P=0.0001). RON clinical classification based on RPCP statistically correlated with ETDRS score (P=0.001). RON clinical classification based on EPCB also correlated with the quantitative EPCB perfusion analysis and ETDRS score (P=0.02 and P=0.01, respectively). Compared with the clinical classification based on EPCB, the qualitative classification based on RPCP reached a higher intergrader agreement (0.96 and 0.86, respectively).ConclusionOCT-A can be used to detect RPCP abnormalities and to clinically classify RON with a high interexaminer agreement. The proposed clinical classification is supported by the quantitative analysis based on the use of specific images elaboration techniques and correlates with visual acuity of the examined eyes.
Nucleus accumbens core medium spiny neuron electrophysiological properties and partner preference behavior in the adult male prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster
Authors: Willett Jaime A. , Johnson Ashlyn G. , Vogel Andrea R. , Patisaul Heather B. , McGraw Lisa A. , Meitzen John 
Published: January 2018

Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens have long been implicated in the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie numerous social and motivated behaviors as studied in rodents such as rats. Recently, the prairie vole has emerged as an important model animal for studying social behaviors, particularly regarding monogamy because of its ability to form pair bonds. However, to our knowledge, no study has assessed intrinsic vole MSN electrophysiological properties or tested how these properties vary with the strength of the pair bond between partnered voles. Here we performed whole cell patch-clamp recordings of MSNs in acute brain slices of the nucleus accumbens core (NAc) of adult male voles exhibiting strong and weak preferences for their respective partnered females. We first document vole MSN electrophysiological properties and provide comparison to rat MSNs. Vole MSNs demonstrated many canonical electrophysiological attributes shared across species but exhibited notable differences in excitability compared with rat MSNs. Second, we assessed male vole partner preference behavior and tested whether MSN electrophysiological properties varied with partner preference strength. Male vole partner preference showed extensive variability. We found that decreases in miniature excitatory postsynaptic current amplitude and the slope of the evoked action potential firing rate to depolarizing current injection weakly associated with increased preference for the partnered female. This suggests that excitatory synaptic strength and neuronal excitability may be decreased in MSNs in males exhibiting stronger preference for a partnered female. Overall, these data provide extensive documentation of MSN electrophysiological characteristics and their relationship to social behavior in the prairie vole. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research represents the first assessment of prairie vole nucleus accumbens core medium spiny neuron intrinsic electrophysiological properties and probes the relationship between cellular excitability and social behavior.
TUSC2 Immunogene Therapy Synergizes with Anti–PD-1 through Enhanced Proliferation and Infiltration of Natural Killer Cells in Syngeneic Kras-Mutant Mouse Lung Cancer Models
Authors: Meraz Ismail M. , Majidi Mourad , Cao Xiaobo , Lin Heather , Li Lerong , Wang Jing , Baladandayuthapani Veera , Rice David , Sepesi Boris , Ji Lin , Roth Jack A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Expression of the multikinase inhibitor encoded by the tumor suppressor gene TUSC2 (also known as FUS1) is lost or decreased in non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). TUSC2 delivered systemically by nanovesicles has mediated tumor regression in clinical trials. Because of the role of TUSC2 in regulating immune cells, we assessed TUSC2 efficacy on antitumor immune responses alone and in combination with anti–PD-1 in two Kras-mutant syngeneic mouse lung cancer models. TUSC2 alone significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival compared with anti–PD-1. When combined, this effect was significantly enhanced, and correlated with a pronounced increases in circulating and splenic natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells, and a decrease in regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and T-cell checkpoint receptors PD-1, CTLA-4, and TIM-3. TUSC2 combined with anti–PD-1 induced tumor infiltrating more than NK and CD8+ T cells and fewer MDSCs and Tregs than each agent alone, both in subcutaneous tumor and in lung metastases. NK-cell depletion abrogated the antitumor effect and Th1-mediated immune response of this combination, indicating that NK cells mediate TUSC2/anti–PD-1 synergy. Release of IL15 and IL18 cytokines and expression of the IL15Rα chain and IL18R1 were associated with NK-cell activation by TUSC2. Immune response–related gene expression in the tumor microenvironment was altered by combination treatment. These data provide a rationale for immunogene therapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of NSCLC. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(2); 163–77. ©2018 AACR.
REGULAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS PARA SAÚDE: EM BUSCA DAS MELHORES PRÁTICAS
Authors: Vargas Daniela Trejos 
Published: January 2018

A seção "Tema em Debate" deste número da Revista de Direito Sanitário centra-se novamente no marco regulatório existente no Brasil na área de produtos para a saúde. Os três artigos selecionados trazem uma abordagem com viés comparatista em diferentes áreas nas quais a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) atua: regulação de materiais médicos, análise e registro de patentes farmacêuticas e controle ex post facto da periculosidade de medicamentos por meio do recall.
REGULAMENTAÇÃO DOS MATERIAIS MÉDICOS NO BRASIL
Authors: Feitoza-Silva Michele , Nobre Patrícia Fernandes da Silva , Gemal André Luis , Leandro Katia Christina 
Published: January 2018

Os produtos sob regime de vigilância sanitária classificados como "produtos para saúde" compreendem os "materiais médicos". Atos regulatórios de 1999 a 2005 foram selecionados e classificados por assunto, possibilitando discutir o perfil dessas publicações. A classificação foi conduzida avaliando cada legislação, sua ementa e texto publicado em Diário Oficial da União. Para subsidiar a discussão, propomos uma classificação em oito assuntos (temas). A partir dela, foi possível correlacionar e demonstrar a prevalência de assuntos publicados e, assim, indicar uma tendência de temas contemplados em cada ano do período avaliado. Como reflexão, entendemos que o Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, neste caso, possui uma oportunidade de atuação única devido a seu arcabouço normativo organizado, capaz de atender a campos de atuação como registro, boas práticas, tramitações relacionadas às empresas de âmbito sanitário e pós-comercialização. No entanto, as legislações apresentadas somente terão aplicabilidade e eficiência se existir o conhecimento atualizado por parte dos profissionais de saúde das normas gerais de vigilância sanitária que apoiem processos decisórios de gestão mais eficientes, sem prejuízo da segurança da população.
Military Public Diplomacy 2.0: The Arabic Facebook Page of the Israeli Defense Forces’ Spokesperson
Authors: Samuel-Azran Tal , Yarchi Moran 
Published: January 2018

Summary
The Arabic-language Facebook page of the Israeli Defense Forces’ spokesperson has attracted a massive following in the Arab world and serves as an interesting and unique case study towards understanding the effect of a military public diplomacy initiative. Content analysis of the Facebook page reveals a mixture of power and deterrence messages, with posts designed to emphasize shared values. Analysis of audience engagement with those messages — measured by ‘likes’, ‘shares’, comments and negative feedback — surprisingly reveals that shared values’ messages generated a similar level of engagement to other messages, which may show that the content does not play a significant role in users’ engagement. In addition, the analysis reveals that during periods of heightened intensity in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, followers’ engagement and negative feedback rose dramatically. This study provides a unique perspective of the relevance and effectiveness of military public diplomacy in the era of online social networks.
Stations and Towers on the Quseir–Nile Road
Authors: Zitterkopf Ronald E. , Sidebotham Steven E. 
Published: January 2018

During Roman times the Leukos Limen–Nile road served as a principal overland thoroughfare across the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Merchants plied this route with commodities imported from and exported to the ‘East’. Products of the mines and quarries of the region also passed along this road. Eight fortified stations (hydreumata), other population centres and about 65 towers delineate the route. Many of the stations contain wells or cisterns as potable water supplies were a primary requirement. The stations, constructed for security reasons, cover areas of c. 1000–3000 m2 and are built almost exclusively of stacked stones. The towers are also built of stacked stones. However, comparison of architectural details shows that they differ from other towers in the Eastern Desert. Examination of the towers' locations, construction, size, shape and intervisibility indicates that they were signal platforms.