bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Properties of Flexible Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)/Single–walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) Composite Electrode for Energy Storage Device
Authors: Du Jin Feng , Kim Yong Ryeol , Jeong Hyeon Taek 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAcid‐treated single‐walled carbon nanotubes (ASWNTs) were obtained from single‐walled carbon nanotubes functionalized by nitric acid. The flexible electrodes based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and ASWCNTs were fabricated via spray coating technique. The electrochemical properties of the flexible electrodes were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) measurements in the aqueous electrolyte of 1 M H2SO4. The flexible rGO/ASWCNTs (optimal weight ratio between rGO and SWCNTs=1:9) electrode exhibited the highest electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance value of the unbent flexible rGO/SWCNTs electrode was 115 F g−1, which decreased to 112 F g−1 (97 % retention) after 1000 GCD cycles. The initial capacitance value (115 F g−1) decreased to 107 F g−1 (93 % retention) after 500 bending with application of 6000 GCD cycles.
Maternal endothelial function and vascular stiffness after HELLP syndrome: a case–control study
Authors: Orabona R. , Sciatti E. , Vizzardi E. , Bonadei I. , Prefumo F. , Valcamonico A. , Metra M. , Frusca T. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess endothelial function and arterial stiffness in women with a previous pregnancy complicated by pre‐eclampsia (PE) with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome, and to compare these findings to those in women with previous PE but no HELLP and to those in controls with previous uncomplicated pregnancy, in order to investigate the influence of HELLP syndrome on subsequent cardiovascular impairment.MethodsIn this prospective single‐center case–control study, we performed peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) (using the EndoPAT method) and pulse‐wave velocity (PWV) assessment in 109 women who had had a singleton pregnancy complicated by PE with (n = 49) or without (n = 60) HELLP syndrome, as well as in 60 controls with previous uncomplicated pregnancy, between 6 months and 4 years after delivery. The following EndoPAT and PWV indices were compared between groups: reactive hyperemia index (RHI), as an indication of endothelial function, and peripheral and aortic heart‐rate‐corrected augmentation indices (AIx) standardized for a heart rate of 75 bpm (AIx@75) and carotid–femoral pulse‐wave velocity (cfPWV), as indications of arterial stiffness.ResultsPAT and arterial stiffness indices were significantly different between PE cases, with or without previous HELLP, and controls, except for carotid–femoral PWV. There were no significant differences among PE groups: women who had experienced HELLP and those with a history of PE without HELLP showed similar rates of RHI ≤ 1.67 (28.6% vs 18.3%, P = 0.254) and RHI ≤ 2.00 (61.2% vs 41.7%, P = 0.055), peripheral AIx@75 ≥ 17% (38.8% vs 30.0%, P = 0.417), aortic AIx@75 ≥ 35% (29.2% vs 20.0%, P = 0.461) and cfPWV × 0.8 > 9.6 m/s, which occurred in only three women, all in the group without previous HELLP (0% vs 5.0%, P = 0.251). On multivariate regression analysis, HELLP syndrome, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and early‐onset PE independently predicted endothelial dysfunction at 6 months to 4 years postpartum, after correcting for uterine artery pulsatility index, birth‐weight percentile, and maternal blood pressure, age and body mass index. Women with both previous HELLP and early‐onset IUGR had a significantly higher prevalence of endothelial dysfunction (P = 0.001).ConclusionSimilar vascular abnormalities were found in women previously affected by HELLP syndrome and those with previous PE without HELLP. However, a history of HELLP syndrome, IUGR and early‐onset PE seems to identify a subgroup of women with a higher risk for future development of endothelial dysfunction. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Reactivity of Hydroxamate Ions in Cationic Vesicular Media for the Cleavage of Carboxylate Esters
Authors: Kandpal Neha , Dewangan Hitesh K. , Nagwanshi Rekha , Vaishanav Sandeep K. , Ghosh Kallol K. , Satnami Manmohan L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe hydrolysis of carboxylate esters viz. p‐nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA), p‐nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB) and p‐nitrophenyl octanoate (PNPO) in the presence of cationic vesicles of the surfactant dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAC) by different hydroxamate ions i.e. acetohydroxamate (AHA−), benzohydroxamate (BHA−) and salicylhydroxamate (SHA−) were studied. The kinetic data was supported by spectrophotometric measurements. The effects of vesicular size on the reaction have been discussed. The differential reactivity under endo‐ and exovesicular conditions has also been evaluated. Critical vesicle concentrations (CVC) of cationic vesicular surfactants were determined from conductometric and fluorimetric measurements at 300 K. Fluorescence probe pyrene and pyrene‐1‐carboxaldehyde have been used for determination of CVC. Further, thermodynamic parameters viz. Standard Gibb's energy (∆G°), enthalpy (∆H°), and entropy (∆S°) of vesicles has also been evaluated within a temperature range of 303.15–328.15 K.
Chinese adolescents' reports of covert parental monitoring: Comparisons with overt monitoring and links with information management
Authors: Hawk Skyler T. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis study compared Chinese adolescents' reports of covert parental monitoring with the overt strategies of solicitation and control. We investigated these behaviors in terms of unique associations with adolescents' perceived privacy invasion and the information management behaviors of disclosure and secrecy. High school students (N = 455, 61.5% female; Mage = 17.39, SD = 0.83) from a predominantly rural province of Mainland China reported a high incidence of covert monitoring (60.40%). Covert monitoring predicted privacy invasion more strongly than solicitation or control. Solicitation positively predicted disclosure, while covert monitoring negatively predicted disclosure and positively predicted secrecy. Privacy invasion fully mediated links between covert monitoring and information management. These latter effects were significantly stronger for girls than for boys. Similar to Western adolescents, Chinese youth might apply selective resistance when parents violate their personal domain. The findings suggest linkage between some parental monitoring behaviors and disruptions in Chinese family communication.
Understanding how Gamification Influences Behaviour in Social Marketing
Authors: Mitchell Robert , Schuster Lisa , Drennan Judy 
Published: December 2016

Purpose In Australia and many other nations the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, while physical activity declines. This paper investigates the effect of gamification on consumers’ motivation and behaviour to engage in physical activity over time from a social marketing perspective. Design/methodology/approach An experimental design was used to determine the effect of a popular gamified fitness application (app) on both intrinsic motivation and walking behaviour over four weeks. Findings While the study found that gamification supported behaviour change and maintenance, there was no significant change to intrinsic motivation as a result of using the app. This finding suggests there may be an alternative mechanism underlying how gamification achieves behavioural outcomes. Research limitations/implications Future research is recommended to further explore the manner in which gamification influences behaviours. Originality/value This paper addresses the call for longitudinal studies of gamification and for studies examining both the motivational and behavioural outcomes of gamification.
Data analysis in the post‐genome‐wide association study era
Authors: Wang Qiao‐Ling , Tan Wen‐Le , Zhao Yan‐Jie , Shao Ming‐Ming , Chu Jia‐Hui , Huang Xu‐Dong , Li Jun , Luo Ying‐Ying , Peng Lin‐Na , Cui Qiong‐Hua , Feng Ting , Yang Jie , Han Ya‐Ling 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSince the first report of a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on human age‐related macular degeneration, GWAS has successfully been used to discover genetic variants for a variety of complex human diseases and/or traits, and thousands of associated loci have been identified. However, the underlying mechanisms for these loci remain largely unknown. To make these GWAS findings more useful, it is necessary to perform in‐depth data mining. The data analysis in the post‐GWAS era will include the following aspects: fine‐mapping of susceptibility regions to identify susceptibility genes for elucidating the biological mechanism of action; joint analysis of susceptibility genes in different diseases; integration of GWAS, transcriptome, and epigenetic data to analyze expression and methylation quantitative trait loci at the whole‐genome level, and find single‐nucleotide polymorphisms that influence gene expression and DNA methylation; genome‐wide association analysis of disease‐related DNA copy number variations. Applying these strategies and methods will serve to strengthen GWAS data to enhance the utility and significance of GWAS in improving understanding of the genetics of complex diseases or traits and translate these findings for clinical applications.
Preoperative serum lipid profile and outcome in nonmetastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Hong Ting‐Ting , Shen Di , Chen Xiao‐Ping , Wu Xiao‐Hong , Hua Dong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveA large portion of non‐metastatic colorectal cancers (non‐mCRCs) recur after curative surgery. In addition to the traditional tumor‐related factors, host‐related factors are also required to accurately predict prognosis. A few studies have shown an association between the serum lipid profile and the survival and treatment response of patients with colorectal cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the prognostic significance of the preoperative serum lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C)] in patients with non‐mCRC treated with curative surgery. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze associations between lipid levels and categorical variables. Lipid levels were modeled as four equal‐sized quartiles based on the distribution among the whole cohort. Kaplan‐Meier curves were used to estimate survival probabilities, and the log‐rank test was used to detect differences between them. Multivariate fractional polynomial (MFP) analysis was used to model any non‐linear effects and avoid categorization. To evaluate the added prognostic value of lipids, the predictive power of two models (with and without lipids as covariates) was compared by using Harrell's C‐statistic and the Akaike information criterion (AIC).ResultsA total of 266 patients with non‐mCRC were enrolled in the present study. Spearman rank correlation test showed that TG levels inversely correlated with N stage (r = −0.20, P = 0.00) and Tumor‐Node‐Metastasis (TNM) stage (r = −0.19, P = 0.00). HDL‐C levels positively correlated with perineural invasion (PNI) (r = 0.15, P = 0.02), and LDL‐C levels inversely correlated with lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (r = −0.12, P = 0.04). None of the four lipids predicted overall survival (OS) in univariate or multivariate analyses adjusted for age, gender, T stage, N stage, TNM stage, histological grade, tumor deposits, LVI, PNI, and adjuvant treatment (all P > 0.05). In agreement, the Kaplan‐Meier curves for OS according to the lipid quartiles were not significantly different, as confirmed by the log‐rank test (all P > 0.05). MFP analysis also found no significant associations between lipid levels and OS (all P > 0.05). A prognostic model that included lipids had a higher Harrell's C‐statistic and a lower AIC value than did a model that did not include lipids (for Harrell's C‐statistic: 0.82 vs. 0.77; for AIC: 398 vs. 432).ConclusionMeasuring preoperative serum lipid levels may be a simple and cost‐effective way of increasing prognostic accuracy in patients with non‐mCRC treated with curative surgery.
The APOE ε4 genotype modulates CSF YKL‐40 levels and their structural brain correlates in the continuum of Alzheimer's disease but not those of sTREM2
Authors: Gispert Juan Domingo , Monté Gemma C. , Suárez‐Calvet Marc , Falcon Carles , Tucholka Alan , Rojas Santiago , Rami Lorena , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel , Lladó Albert , Kleinberger Gernot , Haass Christian , Molinuevo José Luis 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionAmong other metabolic functions, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation. We aimed at assessing whether APOE ε4 modulates levels of glial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and their structural cerebral correlates along the continuum of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsBrain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired in 110 participants (49 control; 19 preclinical; 27 mild cognitive impairment [MCI] due to AD; 15 mild AD dementia) and CSF concentrations of YKL‐40 and sTREM2 were determined. Differences in CSF biomarker concentrations and interactions in their association with gray‐matter volume according to APOE ε4 status were sought after.ResultsPreclinical and MCI carriers showed higher YKL‐40 levels. There was a significant interaction in the association between YKL‐40 levels and gray‐matter volume according to ε4 status. No similar effects could be detected for sTREM2 levels.DiscussionOur findings are indicative of an increased astroglial activation in APOE ε4 carriers while both groups displayed similar levels of CSF AD core biomarkers.
Alzheimer's disease: The influence of age on clinical heterogeneity through the human brain connectome
Authors: Dickerson Bradford C. , Brickhouse Michael , McGinnis Scott , Wolk David A. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionOne major factor that influences the heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is age: younger AD patients more frequently exhibit atypical forms of AD. We propose that this age‐related heterogeneity can be understood better by considering age‐related differences in atrophy in the context of large‐scale brain networks subserving cognitive functions that contribute to memory.MethodsWe examined data from 75 patients with mild AD dementia from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. These individuals were chosen because they have cerebrospinal fluid amyloid and p‐tau levels in the range suggesting the presence of AD neuropathology, and because they were either younger than age 65 years early‐onset AD (EOAD) or age 80 years or older late‐onset AD (LOAD).ResultsIn the EOAD group, the most prominent atrophy was present in the posterior cingulate cortex, whereas in the LOAD group, atrophy was most prominent in the medial temporal lobe. Structural covariance analysis showed that the magnitude of atrophy in these epicenters is strongly correlated with a distributed atrophy pattern similar to distinct intrinsic connectivity networks in the healthy brain. An examination of memory performance in EOAD dementia versus LOAD dementia demonstrated relatively more prominent impairment in encoding in the EOAD group than in the LOAD group, with similar performance in memory storage in LOAD and EOAD but greater impairment in semantic memory in LOAD than in EOAD.DiscussionThe observations provide novel insights about age as a major factor contributing to the heterogeneity in the topography of AD‐related cortical atrophy.
The relationship between deinstitutionalization and quality of care in longer-term psychiatric and social care facilities in Europe: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Taylor Salisbury T. , Killaspy H. , King M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe process of deinstitutionalization (community-based care) has been shown to be associated with better quality of life for those with longer-term mental health problems compared to long stay hospitals. This project aimed to investigate the relationship between national progress towards deinstitutionalization and (1) quality of longer-term mental health care (2) service users’ ratings of that care in nine European countries.MethodsQuality of care was assessed in 193 longer-term hospital- and community-based facilities in Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the UK. Data on users’ ratings of care were collected from 1579 users of these services. Country level variables were compiled from publicly available data. Multilevel models were fit to assess associations with quality of care and service user experiences of care.ResultsSignificant positive associations were found between deinstitutionalization and (1) five of seven quality of care domains; and (2) service user autonomy. A 10% increase in expenditure was associated with projected clinically important improvements in quality of care.ConclusionsGreater deinstitutionalization of mental health mental health services is associated with higher quality of care and better service user autonomy.
Etiology of sinonasal inverted papilloma: A narrative review
Authors: Wang Ming‐Jie , Noel Julia E. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveSinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign and uncommon tumor of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses with a tendency for recurrence and even malignant transformation. Though the morphology and clinical behavior of this lesion has been well described, its etiology remains controversial.MethodsComputerized searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar through May 2015. In this review, etiologic factors including human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cell cycle related proteins and angiogenic factors, occupational and environmental exposures, and chronic inflammation, will be discussed.ResultsMany studies indicate that HPV has been detected in a significant percentage of IP, while EBV has not been shown to be significantly associated. Certain cell cycle regulatory factors and angiogenic proteins contribute to the dysregulation of proliferation and apoptosis, and facilitate migration and tumor invasion. Occupational exposures, such as welding and organic solvents, have been implicated, and smoking seems more critical to recurrence and dysplasia rather than initial IP occurrence. Chronic inflammation may also have a causative relationship with inverted papilloma, but the mechanism is unclear.ConclusionsThough etiology of sinonasal IP remains controversial, the studies reviewed here indicate a role for viral infection, cell cycle and angiogenic factors, environmental and occupational exposure, and chronic inflammation. Further study on etiologic factors is necessary for clinical guidance and therapeutic targets.
Stress relaxation in a dilute bacterial suspension
Authors: Nambiar Sankalp , Nott P. R. , Subramanian Ganesh 
Published: December 2016

In this communication, we offer a theoretical explanation for the results of recent experiments that examine the stress response of a dilute suspension of bacteria (wild-type E. coli) subjected to step changes in the shear rate (Lopez et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 115, 2015, 028301). The observations include a regime of negative apparent shear viscosities. We start from a kinetic equation that describes the evolution of the single-bacterium orientation probability density under the competing effects of an induced anisotropy by the imposed shear, and a return to isotropy on account of stochastic relaxation mechanisms (run-and-tumble dynamics and rotary diffusion). We then obtain analytical predictions for the stress response, at leading order, of a dilute bacterial suspension subject to a weak but arbitrary time-dependent shear rate profile. While the predicted responses for a step-shear compare well with the experiments for typical choices of the microscopic parameters that characterize the swimming motion of a single bacterium, use of actual experimental values leads to significant discrepancies. The incorporation of a distribution of run times leads to a better agreement with observations.
Combined Rayleigh–Taylor and Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities on an annular liquid sheet
Authors: Vadivukkarasan M. , Panchagnula Mahesh V. 
Published: December 2016

This paper describes the three-dimensional destabilization characteristics of an annular liquid sheet when subjected to the combined action of Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) and Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability mechanisms. The stability characteristics are studied using temporal linear stability analysis and by assuming that the fluids are incompressible, immiscible and inviscid. Surface tension is also taken into account at both the interfaces. Linearized equations governing the growth of instability amplitude have been derived. These equations involve time-varying coefficients and have been analysed using two approaches – direct numerical time integration and frozen-flow approximation. From the direct numerical time integration, we show that the time-varying coefficients evolve on a slow time scale in comparison with the amplitude growth. Therefore, we justify the use of the frozen-flow approximation and derive a closed-form dispersion relation from the appropriate governing equations and boundary conditions. The effect of flow conditions and fluid properties is investigated by introducing dimensionless numbers such as Bond number ($Bo$), inner and outer Weber numbers ($We_{i}$,$We_{o}$) and inner and outer density ratios ($Q_{i}$,$Q_{o}$). We show that four instability modes are possible – Taylor, sinuous, flute and helical. It is observed that the choice of instability mode is influenced by a combination of both$Bo$as well as$We_{i}$and$We_{o}$. However, the instability length scale calculated from the most unstable wavenumbers is primarily a function of$Bo$. We show a regime map in the$Bo,We_{i},We_{o}$parameter space to identify regions where the system is susceptible to three-dimensional helical modes. Finally, we show an optimal partitioning of a given total energy ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}$) into acceleration-induced and shear-induced instability mechanisms in order to achieve a minimum instability length scale (${\mathcal{L}}_{m}^{\ast }$). We show that it is beneficial to introduce at least 90 % of the total energy into acceleration induced RT instability mechanism. In addition, we show that when the RT mechanism is invoked to destabilize an annular liquid sheet,${\mathcal{L}}_{m}^{\ast }\sim \unicode[STIX]{x1D701}^{-3/5}$.
Human Resource Development Investment in Chinese Private Firms: Strategic Choice and Institutional Perspectives
Authors: Liang Jian , Gong Yaping 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIntegrating the strategic choice and the institutional perspectives, we provide a contextualized analysis of human resource (HR) development investment in Chinese private firms. Based on a nation-wide survey of domestic private firms, we found that strategic choice variables (i.e., private entrepreneurs’ education and governance team completeness) are positively related to HR development investment. Perceived government support for private business strengthened the positive relationships between strategic choice variables and HR development investment. Furthermore, institutional variables (i.e., owners’ political affiliation and firms’ former state ownership) explained additional variance in HR development investment above and beyond strategic choice variables. Perceived government support negatively moderated the relationship between former state ownership and HR development investment. Theoretical and policy implications were discussed at the end.