bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence and predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms in older adults with vision impairment: a longitudinal prospective cohort study
Authors: Heesterbeek Thomas J. , van der Aa Hilde P. A. , van Rens Ger H. M. B. , Twisk Johannes W. R. , van Nispen Ruth M. A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeDepression and anxiety are highly prevalent in older adults with vision impairment. Because symptoms of depression and anxiety appear to fluctuate, it is important to identify patients who are at risk of developing these symptoms for early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the incidence of subthreshold depression and anxiety, and to investigate predictors of developing symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults with vision impairment who had no subthreshold depression or anxiety at baseline.MethodsA longitudinal prospective cohort study with a follow‐up of 24 months in 540 older adults with vision impairment (mean age 75 years, 56% female, 48% macular degeneration, 15% glaucoma) from outpatient low‐vision rehabilitation organisations was performed. The cumulative incidences of subthreshold depression and anxiety were calculated and linear mixed models with maximum likelihood estimation were used to determine two prediction models. Main outcome measures were: fluctuations in (i) depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES‐D) and (ii) anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale‐Anxiety subscale, HADS‐A).ResultsThe annual cumulative incidences of subthreshold depression and anxiety were 21.3% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 18.7–23.9%) and 9.5% (95% CI 7.4–11.6%), respectively. Risk factors for developing depressive symptoms were: living alone, having just enough money to cover expenses, having macular degeneration, having problems with adaptation to vision loss, reduced health related quality of life, and experiencing symptoms of anxiety. For developing anxiety symptoms, a relatively younger age, experiencing symptoms of depression, not living alone and experiencing hindrance at work proved to be risk factors.ConclusionsThis study shows that the incidence of subthreshold depression and anxiety in older adults with vision impairment is twice as high compared with older adults in general and confirms that depression and anxiety symptoms fluctuate over time. It is of great importance that low vision rehabilitation staff monitor older adults with vision impairment who are most vulnerable for developing these symptoms, based on the risk factors that were found in this study, to be able to offer early interventions to prevent and treat mental health problems in this population.
Integrated Uncertainty Analysis for Ambient Pollutant Health Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Ozone Mortality Risk
Authors: Smith Anne E. , Glasgow Garrett 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses health risk assessment to help inform its decisions in setting national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). EPA's standard approach is to make epidemiologically‐based risk estimates based on a single statistical model selected from the scientific literature, called the “core” model. The uncertainty presented for “core” risk estimates reflects only the statistical uncertainty associated with that one model's concentration‐response function parameter estimate(s). However, epidemiologically‐based risk estimates are also subject to “model uncertainty,” which is a lack of knowledge about which of many plausible model specifications and data sets best reflects the true relationship between health and ambient pollutant concentrations. In 2002, a National Academies of Sciences (NAS) committee recommended that model uncertainty be integrated into EPA's standard risk analysis approach. This article discusses how model uncertainty can be taken into account with an integrated uncertainty analysis (IUA) of health risk estimates. It provides an illustrative numerical example based on risk of premature death from respiratory mortality due to long‐term exposures to ambient ozone, which is a health risk considered in the 2015 ozone NAAQS decision. This example demonstrates that use of IUA to quantitatively incorporate key model uncertainties into risk estimates produces a substantially altered understanding of the potential public health gain of a NAAQS policy decision, and that IUA can also produce more helpful insights to guide that decision, such as evidence of decreasing incremental health gains from progressive tightening of a NAAQS.
Recommendations for approaches to meticillin‐resistant staphylococcal infections of small animals: diagnosis, therapeutic considerations and preventative measures.
Authors: Morris Daniel O. , Loeffler Anette , Davis Meghan F. , Guardabassi Luca , Weese J. Scott 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundMultiple drug resistance (MDR) in staphylococci, including resistance to the semi‐synthetic penicillinase‐resistant penicillins such as meticillin, is a problem of global proportions that presents serious challenges to the successful treatment of staphylococcal infections of companion animals.ObjectivesThe objective of this document is to provide harmonized recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of meticillin‐resistant staphylococcal infections in dogs and cats.MethodsThe authors served as a Guideline Panel (GP) and reviewed the literature available prior to September 2016. The GP prepared a detailed literature review and made recommendations on selected topics. The World Association of Veterinary Dermatology (WAVD) provided guidance and oversight for this process. A draft of the document was presented at the 8th World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology (May 2016) and was then made available via the World Wide Web to the member organizations of the WAVD for a period of three months. Comments were solicited and posted to the GP electronically. Responses were incorporated by the GP into the final document.ConclusionsAdherence to guidelines for the diagnosis, laboratory reporting, judicious therapy (including restriction of use policies for certain antimicrobial drugs), personal hygiene, and environmental cleaning and disinfection may help to mitigate the progressive development and dissemination of MDR staphylococci.
Patient Blood Management initiatives on a global level: the results of an International Society of Blood Transfusion Survey
Authors: So‐Osman C. , van der Wal D. E. , Allard S. ,   the ISBT Working Party Clinical Transfusion
Published: May 2017

Background and ObjectivesPatient Blood Management (PBM) optimises the care of patients in need of transfusion using the best available evidence. ISBT's Clinical Transfusion Working Party conducted an international survey to benchmark PBM activities.Material and MethodsMembers of the working party developed a survey on hospital‐based PBM activities that was electronically sent to all ISBT members who were encouraged to complete the survey if they were actively involved in PBM.ResultsOf the 277 ISBT members who responded to the survey, 194 were actively involved in PBM and completed the survey. The majority came from Europe and the Western Pacific (63·9%) and mostly from either university (43·8%) or large general hospitals (20·1%). Most (63·9%) respondents came from high‐income countries. 61·9% of respondents indicated that audits were performed and their hospitals participated in accreditation programs, 75·3% performed informed consent before transfusion. In 78·4%, a transfusion committee was present. In 84%, institution‐wide transfusion guidelines were implemented and 63·4% offered outpatient preoperative risk screening. In 38·1%, a protocol to diagnose preoperative anaemia was used, 51% collected autologous blood transfusions, and in 50%, tranexamic acid was used in the perioperative setting. Overall, the highest percentages were found in university and large general hospitals and in high‐income countries.ConclusionPBM initiatives have been implemented to different degrees at hospitals around the world.
Survey for bacterial testing of platelet components in Latin America
Authors: Ramirez‐Arcos S. , McDonald C. P. , Benjamin R. J. ,   the ISBT Working Party Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases Bacterial Subgroup
Published: May 2017

IntroductionBacterial contamination of platelet concentrates (PCs) poses the highest post‐transfusion infectious risk in developed countries. However, there is not extensive information about similar strategies implemented in Latin America.AimTo assess the status of platelet screening for bacterial contamination in Latin American blood banks.MethodsAn online‐based survey with 10 comprehensive questions was sent to 46 blood banks in five countries: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras and Mexico. The centres were asked about PC production and shelf life, and strategies to improve PC safety. Centres were also surveyed regarding postsampling quarantine, results interpretation and haemovigilance data.ResultsTen centres(21·8%) in four countries answered the survey. Annual PC production ranges from 600 to 19 200. All sites store PCs for 5 days, and eight sites use leucocyte reduction. Five centres(50%) produce apheresis and platelet‐rich‐plasma PCs, one centre(10%) produces buffy coat (BC) PCs, one centre(10%) produces apheresis PCs, and three centres(30%) produce apheresis and BC PCs. Nine sites reported using established donor skin donor disinfection protocols, eight employ first aliquot diversion, and two visually inspect PCs. Eight sites screen PCs for bacterial contamination with culture methods: three sites(37·5%) test 1% of outdated PCs and five sites(62·5%) test 100% of PCs 20‐24 h after blood collection. Of these five sites, two quarantine PCs for 24 h after sampling. Three sites have haemovigilance data, which are unavailable to the public. No sites have implemented pathogen reduction technologies.ConclusionsScreening practices and mitigation strategies vary considerably between sites highlighting the need for standardisation of procedures in Latin America.
Differential Disease Susceptibilities in Experimentally Reptarenavirus-Infected Boa Constrictors and Ball Pythons
Authors: Stenglein Mark D. , Sanchez-Migallon Guzman David , Garcia Valentina E. , Layton Marylee L. , Hoon-Hanks Laura L. , Boback Scott M. , Keel M. Kevin , Drazenovich Tracy , Hawkins Michelle G. , DeRisi Joseph L. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Inclusion body disease (IBD) is an infectious disease originally described in captive snakes. It has traditionally been diagnosed by the presence of large eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions and is associated with neurological, gastrointestinal, and lymphoproliferative disorders. Previously, we identified and established a culture system for a novel lineage of arenaviruses isolated from boa constrictors diagnosed with IBD. Although ample circumstantial evidence suggested that these viruses, now known as reptarenaviruses, cause IBD, there has been no formal demonstration of disease causality since their discovery. We therefore conducted a long-term challenge experiment to test the hypothesis that reptarenaviruses cause IBD. We infected boa constrictors and ball pythons by cardiac injection of purified virus. We monitored the progression of viral growth in tissues, blood, and environmental samples. Infection produced dramatically different disease outcomes in snakes of the two species. Ball pythons infected with Golden Gate virus (GoGV) and with another reptarenavirus displayed severe neurological signs within 2 months, and viral replication was detected only in central nervous system tissues. In contrast, GoGV-infected boa constrictors remained free of clinical signs for 2 years, despite high viral loads and the accumulation of large intracellular inclusions in multiple tissues, including the brain. Inflammation was associated with infection in ball pythons but not in boa constrictors. Thus, reptarenavirus infection produces inclusions and inclusion body disease, although inclusions
per se
are neither necessarily associated with nor required for disease. Although the natural distribution of reptarenaviruses has yet to be described, the different outcomes of infection may reflect differences in geographical origin.

IMPORTANCE
New DNA sequencing technologies have made it easier than ever to identify the sequences of microorganisms in diseased tissues, i.e., to identify organisms that appear to cause disease, but to be certain that a candidate pathogen actually causes disease, it is necessary to provide additional evidence of causality. We have done this to demonstrate that reptarenaviruses cause inclusion body disease (IBD), a serious transmissible disease of snakes. We infected boa constrictors and ball pythons with purified reptarenavirus. Ball pythons fell ill within 2 months of infection and displayed signs of neurological disease typical of IBD. In contrast, boa constrictors remained healthy over 2 years, despite high levels of virus throughout their bodies. This difference matches previous reports that pythons are more susceptible to IBD than boas and could reflect the possibility that boas are natural hosts of these viruses in the wild.
Transposon Mutagenesis of the Zika Virus Genome Highlights Regions Essential for RNA Replication and Restricted for Immune Evasion
Authors: Fulton Benjamin O. , Sachs David , Schwarz Megan C. , Palese Peter , Evans Matthew J. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
The molecular constraints affecting Zika virus (ZIKV) evolution are not well understood. To investigate ZIKV genetic flexibility, we used transposon mutagenesis to add 15-nucleotide insertions throughout the ZIKV MR766 genome and subsequently deep sequenced the viable mutants. Few ZIKV insertion mutants replicated, which likely reflects a high degree of functional constraints on the genome. The NS1 gene exhibited distinct mutational tolerances at different stages of the screen. This result may define regions of the NS1 protein that are required for the different stages of the viral life cycle. The ZIKV structural genes showed the highest degree of insertional tolerance. Although the envelope (E) protein exhibited particular flexibility, the highly conserved envelope domain II (EDII) fusion loop of the E protein was intolerant of transposon insertions. The fusion loop is also a target of pan-flavivirus antibodies that are generated against other flaviviruses and neutralize a broad range of dengue virus and ZIKV isolates. The genetic restrictions identified within the epitopes in the EDII fusion loop likely explain the sequence and antigenic conservation of these regions in ZIKV and among multiple flaviviruses. Thus, our results provide insights into the genetic restrictions on ZIKV that may affect the evolution of this virus.

IMPORTANCE
Zika virus recently emerged as a significant human pathogen. Determining the genetic constraints on Zika virus is important for understanding the factors affecting viral evolution. We used a genome-wide transposon mutagenesis screen to identify where mutations were tolerated in replicating viruses. We found that the genetic regions involved in RNA replication were mostly intolerant of mutations. The genes coding for structural proteins were more permissive to mutations. Despite the flexibility observed in these regions, we found that epitopes bound by broadly reactive antibodies were genetically constrained. This finding may explain the genetic conservation of these epitopes among flaviviruses.
Application of attribute-based inversion and spectral decomposition with red–green–blue colour blending for visualization of geological features: a case study from the Kalol Field, Cambay Basin, India
Authors: Gorain Surajit , Shalivahan  
Published: May 2017

The Kalol Field in the Cambay Basin of India was discovered in 1961 and has been producing through more than 608 wells from Kalol reservoirs but the cumulative production up until 2008 was only 95.19 MMbbl. Reasons for low recovery have been ascribed to poor reservoir facies and limited reservoir thicknesses. In the Kalol Field, several thin clastic reservoirs are sandwiched within the main reservoir and exhibit lateral variations in lithology.
Attribute-based inversion (ABI) is effective at delineating potentially prospective areas and reveals the existence of a good reservoir facies cluster in the south, SE and NW corners of our study area, near the Kalol Field. However, this method cannot decipher the depositional setting or the finer details of facies elements. To obtain a smooth and fine-tuned facies model, geostatistical modelling is adopted taking the ABI output (seismic-facies model) as the initial model. The advantage of geostatistical modelling is that it always honours the input data and respects the positional variograms of the geology.
Adding spectral decomposition with red–green–blue (SD-RGB) colour blending reveals the existence of a meandering river in the study area. This river is interpreted to have deposited crevasse splays and channel facies along the river banks. These two facies are the main producing contributors to a well that has maintained a higher production than any other well in this field. This facies-based approach is also effective in determining the reservoir geometry and quality consistent with the interpretation of the depositional environment.
In ABI, 3D attribute volumes of petrophysical properties are calculated using a genetic algorithm inversion and artificial neural network using a non-linear correlation between seismic and log properties. The calculated 3D attribute volumes of petrophysical properties are subsequently utilized for seismic facies classification. In contrast to ABI, SD-RGB colour blending has been solely utilized for co-visualization of different band-limited amplitude volumes from spectral decomposition. Conventional seismic inversion has now been replaced by an integrated approach combining ABI, geostatistical modelling and SD-RGB colour blending in an effort to delineate the remaining potential of the field, and to improve the geological success and ultimate recovery.
Effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition on the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex-induced cardiovascular consequences in men
Authors: Smith Joshua R. , Didier Kaylin D. , Hammer Shane M. , Alexander Andrew M. , Kurti Stephanie P. , Copp Steven W. , Barstow Thomas J. , Harms Craig A. 
Published: May 2017

Inspiratory muscle metaboreflex activation increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) and limb vascular resistance (LVR) and decreases limb blood flow (Q̇L). Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition has been found to attenuate limb skeletal muscle metaboreflex-induced increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity. We hypothesized that compared with placebo (PLA), COX inhibition would attenuate inspiratory muscle metaboreflex-induced 1) increases in MAP and LVR and 2) decreases in Q̇L. Seven men (22 ± 1 yr) were recruited and orally consumed ibuprofen (IB; 10 mg/kg) or PLA 90 min before performing the cold pressor test (CPT) for 2 min and inspiratory resistive breathing task (IRBT) for 14.9 ± 2.0 min at 65% of maximal inspiratory pressure. Breathing frequency was 20 breaths/min with a 50% duty cycle during the IRBTs. MAP was measured via automated oscillometry, Q̇L was determined via Doppler ultrasound, and LVR was calculated as MAP divided by Q̇L. Electromyography was recorded on the leg to ensure no muscle contraction occurred. The 65% IRBT led to greater increases ( P = 0.02) in 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1α with PLA compared with IB. IB, compared with PLA, led to greater ( P < 0.01) increases in MAP (IB: 17 ± 7 mmHg vs. PLA: 8 ± 5 mmHg) and LVR (IB: 69 ± 28% vs. PLA: 52 ± 22%) at the final minute of the 65% IRBT. The decrease in Q̇L was not different ( P = 0.72) between IB (−28 ± 11%) and PLA (−27 ± 9%) at the final minute. The increase in MAP during the CPT was not different ( P = 0.87) between IB (25 ± 11 mmHg) and PLA (24 ± 6 mmHg). Contrary to our hypotheses, COX inhibition led to greater inspiratory muscle metaboreflex-induced increases in MAP and LVR. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cyclooxygenase (COX) products play a role in activating the muscle metaboreflex. It is not known whether COX products contribute to the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex. Herein, we demonstrate that COX inhibition led to greater increases in blood pressure and limb vascular resistance compared with placebo during inspiratory muscle metaboreflex activation.
Updated Review of Prevalence of Major Risk Factors and Use of Screening Tests for Cancer in the United States
Authors: Sauer Ann Goding , Siegel Rebecca L. , Jemal Ahmedin , Fedewa Stacey A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMuch of the suffering and death from cancer could be prevented by more systematic efforts to reduce tobacco use and obesity, improve diet, and increase physical activity and use of established vaccines and screening tests. Monitoring the prevalence of cancer risk factors and preventive tests helps guide cancer prevention and early detection efforts. We provide an updated review, using data through 2015, of the prevalence of major risk factors, cancer screening, and vaccination for U.S. adults and youth. Cigarette smoking among adults decreased to 15.3% in 2015 but remains higher among lower socioeconomic persons (GED: 34.1%, graduate degree: 3.7%), with considerable state variation (Utah: 9.1%, Kentucky: 26.0%). The prevalence of obesity among both adults (37.7%) and adolescents (20.6%) remains high, particularly among black women (57.2%), and ranges from 20.2% (Colorado) to 36.2% (Louisiana) among adults. Pap testing remains the most commonly utilized cancer screening test (81.4%). While colorectal cancer screening has increased, only 62.6% are up-to-date with recommendations. Cancer screening is lowest among the uninsured and varies across states. Despite some improvements, systematic efforts to further reduce the suffering and death from cancer should be enhanced. Continued investment in surveillance of cancer prevention and early detection metrics is also needed. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(8); 1192–208. ©2017 AACR.
Mitral-Aortic Flow Reversal in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Rodríguez Muñoz Daniel , Moya Mur José Luis , Moreno Javier , Fernández-Golfín Covadonga , Franco Eduardo , Berlot Bostjan , Monteagudo Juan Manuel , Matía Francés Roberto , Hernández Madrid Antonio , Zamorano José Luis 
Published: May 2017

Background—
Flow entering the left ventricle is reversed toward the outflow tract through rotating reversal flow around the mitral valve. This was thought to facilitate early ejection, but had not been proved to date. We hypothesized that perfect coupling between reversal and ejection flow would occur at optimal atrioventricular delay (AVD), contributing to its hemodynamic superiority, and evaluated its applicability for AVD optimization.

Methods and Results—

Forty consecutive patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy underwent intracardiac flow analysis and AVD optimization. Reversal and ejection flow curves were studied. The presence and duration of reversal-ejection discontinuity were assessed for all programmed AVD. Reproducibility of each optimization method was evaluated through interobserver variability. Discontinuity between reversal and ejection flow was observed in all patients with longer than optimal AVD, increasing linearly with excess duration in AVD (linear
R
2
=0.976,
P
<0.001). Longer discontinuities implied progressive decreases in pre-ejection flow velocity in the left ventricular outflow tract, with consequent loss of flow momentum. The equation optimal AVD=programmed AVD–[1.2(discontinuity duration)]+4 accurately predicted optimal AVD. Short AVD systematically compromised reversal flow because of premature ejection. Agreement over optimal AVD was superior when assessed by flow reversal method (intraclass correlation coefficient =0.931;
P
<0.001) over both iterative and aortic velocity–time integral methods.

Conclusions—
Perfect coupling between mitral-aortic flow reversal and ejection flow in the left ventricle occurs at optimal AVD. As a result, full blood momentum in the outflow tract is used to facilitate early ejection. This can be measured and provides a new method for AVD optimization.