bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness of danger signs in pregnancy and post-partum period among antenatal mothers admitted to General Hospital Matara
Authors: Edirisinghe E. A. R. C. , Rupasinghe J. A. S. , Wijesinghe C. J. 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Pregnancy related deaths and disabilities are a major public health problem worldwide. Poor knowledge of obstetric danger signs leads to delay in care seeking causing maternal deaths and complications. However, few studies are conducted in Sri Lanka to evaluate this aspect. Aim: To describe the awareness of danger signs in pregnancy and post-partum period and related factors among antenatal mothers admitted to General Hospital, Matara. Materials and Methods: A sample of 395 antenatal mothers in late pregnancy admitted to General Hospital, Matara were studied using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Chi-square test was used to assess the association between variables. Results: The level of awareness of obstetric danger signs was good in 73.7% of the mothers. Bleeding (75.9%), dribbling (51.6%) and pain (58.2%) were the common dangers signs identified. Approximately 15% did not know of any danger sign. A better awareness of danger signs was significantly associated with primiparity, higher educational level of mother/spouse and mother being employed (all p<0.05). Conclusions and recommendations: Awareness of obstetric danger signs was satisfactory among the majority of antenatal mothers, despite lack of knowledge on some important danger signs. Educational programmes should be designed to raise awareness on danger signs, specifically targeting the high risk groups identified during this study.
Overweight and obesity among children: Assessment of associated factors in a hospital sample from Gampaha
Authors: Vishnukumar S. , Liyanage P. N. , Sivakanesan R. 
Published: December 2017

Background: Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. Overweight and obese children are at higher risk for developing long-term chronic diseases. With globalization and changing lifestyles, adolescents are exposed to multiple risk factors apart from hereditary risk factors. Obesity and overweight are two such risk factors, early diagnosis which are important to prevent complications associated with them. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight and obesity among children 5–15 year of age group and to describe certain socio – demographic characteristics related to overweight and obese children. Material and Methods: A Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 5-15-year-old children from Gampaha District who attended the Nutritional Clinic and Pediatric Unit between December 2015 and June 2016. Those who had Body Mass Index (BMI) above 85th centile for age and gender were included to the study. Children with any chronic illness were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 116 children were included. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 75.5% and 21.8% respectively. Prevalence of central obesity was more in female than male. Waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist height ratio (WHtR) exhibited an age-dependent decrease for both genders. 23.2% of overweight and 28.6% obese children were found to have either their systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP) more than 95th percentile. Conclusion: Overweight/obesity was found to be moderately prevalent in this study. There was strong a association with hypertension, Timely identification and control of overweight/obesity is required for prevention of development of adverse health outcome associated with these risk factors.
Human NK Cells Downregulate Zap70 and Syk in Response to Prolonged Activation or DNA Damage
Authors: Pugh Jason L. , Nemat-Gorgani Neda , Norman Paul J. , Guethlein Lisbeth A. , Parham Peter 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The extent of NK cell activity during the innate immune response affects downstream immune functions and, ultimately, the outcome of infectious or malignant disease. However, the mechanisms that terminate human NK cell responses have yet to be defined. When activation receptors expressed on NK cell surfaces bind to ligands on diseased cells, they initiate a signal that is propagated by a number of intracellular kinases, including Zap70 and Syk, eventually leading to NK cell activation. We assayed Zap70 and Syk content in NK cells from healthy human donors and identified a subset of NK cells with unusually low levels of these two kinases. We found that this Zap70lowSyklow subset consisted of NK cells expressing a range of surface markers, including CD56hi and CD56low NK cells. Upon in vitro stimulation with target cells, Zap70lowSyklow NK cells failed to produce IFN-γ and lysed target cells at one third the capacity of Zap70hiSykhi NK cells. We determined two independent in vitro conditions that induce the Zap70lowSyklow phenotype in NK cells: continuous stimulation with activation beads and DNA damage. The expression of inhibitory receptors, including NKG2A and inhibitory killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs), was negatively correlated with the Zap70lowSyklow phenotype. Moreover, expression of multiple KIRs reduced the likelihood of Zap70 downregulation during continuous activation, regardless of whether NK cells had been educated through KIR–HLA interactions in vivo. Our findings show that human NK cells are able to terminate their functional activity without the aid of other immune cells through the downregulation of activation kinases.
ILT3.Fc–CD166 Interaction Induces Inactivation of p70 S6 Kinase and Inhibits Tumor Cell Growth
Authors: Xu Zheng , Chang Chih-Chao , Li Muyang , Zhang Qing-Yin , Vasilescu Elena-Rodica M. , D’Agati Vivette , Floratos Aristidis , Vlad George , Suciu-Foca Nicole 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The blockade of immune checkpoints by anti-receptor and/or anti-ligand mAb is one of the most promising approaches to cancer immunotherapy. The interaction between Ig-like transcript 3 (ILT3), a marker of tolerogenic dendritic cells, also known as LILRB4/LIR5/CD85k, and its still unidentified ligand on the surface of activated human T cells is potentially important for immune checkpoint blockade. To identify the ILT3 ligand, we generated mAb by immunizing mice with Jurkat acute T cell leukemia, which binds ILT3.Fc to its membrane. Flow cytometry, mass spectrometry, and Biacore studies demonstrated that the ILT3 ligand is a CD166/activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule. Knockdown of CD166 in primary human T cells by nucleofection abolished the capacity of ILT3.Fc to inhibit CD4+ Th cell proliferation and to induce the generation of CD8+CD28− T suppressor cells. CD166 displays strong heterophilic interaction with CD6 and weaker homophilic CD166–CD166 cell adhesion interaction. ILT3.Fc inhibited the growth of CD166+ tumor cell lines (TCL) derived from lymphoid malignancies in vitro and in vivo. CRISPR-Cas9–based knockout of CD166 from TCL abrogated ILT3.Fc binding and its tumor-inhibitory effect. The mechanism underlying the effect of ILT3.Fc on tumor cell growth involves inhibition of the p70S6K signaling pathway. Blockade of CD166 by ILT3.Fc inhibited progression of human TCL in NOD.Cg-Prkdc Il-2rg/SzJ mice, suggesting its potential immunotherapeutic value.
The STAT3–IL-10–IL-6 Pathway Is a Novel Regulator of Macrophage Efferocytosis and Phenotypic Conversion in Sterile Liver Injury
Authors: Campana Lara , Starkey Lewis Philip J. , Pellicoro Antonella , Aucott Rebecca L. , Man Janet , O’Duibhir Eoghan , Mok Sarah E. , Ferreira-Gonzalez Sofia , Livingstone Eilidh , Greenhalgh Stephen N. , Hull Katherine L. , Kendall Timothy J. , Vernimmen Douglas , Henderson Neil C. , Boulter Luke , Gregory Christopher D. , Feng Yi , Anderton Stephen M. , Forbes Stuart J. , Iredale John P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The disposal of apoptotic bodies by professional phagocytes is crucial to effective inflammation resolution. Our ability to improve the disposal of apoptotic bodies by professional phagocytes is impaired by a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the engulfment and digestion of the efferocytic cargo. Macrophages are professional phagocytes necessary for liver inflammation, fibrosis, and resolution, switching their phenotype from proinflammatory to restorative. Using sterile liver injury models, we show that the STAT3–IL-10–IL-6 axis is a positive regulator of macrophage efferocytosis, survival, and phenotypic conversion, directly linking debris engulfment to tissue repair.
A simplified multiplex PCR-based typing method for common Salmonella enterica serovars supported by online server-based detection system
Authors: Borah Probodh , Porwollik Steffen , Desai Prerak , Nayak Prakash , Borah Partha Pratim , Cheng Pui , McClelland Michael 
Published: December 2017

Background & objectives:
A rapid and simple alternative method is needed to replace the laborious, time-consuming Salmonella serotyping. The objective of the present study was to improve and simplify a previously reported multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method and to create an online server to enable rapid determination of serovars.

Methods:
A method of multiplex PCR-based genome typing (MPGT) was standardized using 59 Salmonella isolates of 31 serovars. Several previously reported primers were modified to obtain a more accurate performance. The screen was separated into four different multiplex reactions distinguishable on standard electrophoresis. A blind study was subsequently performed with 81 isolates of 10 serovars most prevalent in India. Whole genome information from 440 Salmonella isolates was used to confirm the usefulness of this method and concurrence of in silico predictions and PCR results were investigated. A public server (http://www.mpgt-salmonella.res.in) was established for data storage and determination of closest previously observed Salmonella isolates based on obtained MPGT patterns.

Results:
The 16 target genes amplified showed variability in their presence in strains from different serotypes. Hence, identical amplification patterns suggested genetic relatedness of strains and usually identical serological behaviour. The observed absence/presence patterns of genes were converted to an MPGT code. Altogether, 83 different codes were predicted in silico based on the whole genome information of 440 strains. Results confirmed that major serovars usually displayed unique MPGT codes.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The multiplex PCR assay resulted in specific binary codes for isolates from each of the 31 Salmonella serovars tested. The online server allowed the user to compare obtained PCR results with stored previous patterns. Simplicity, speed and cost-effectiveness make this tool useful for quick outbreak management.
Prevalence & factors associated with depression among schoolgoing adolescents in Chandigarh, north India
Authors: Singh Man Mohan , Gupta Madhu , Grover Sandeep 
Published: December 2017

Background & objectives:
Depression among adolescents is a rising problem globally. There is a need to understand the factors associated with depression among adolescents. This study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of depressive disorders and associated factors among schoolgoing adolescents in government and private schools in Chandigarh, India.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 542 randomly selected schoolgoing adolescents (13-18 yr), from eight schools by multistage sampling technique. Depression was assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and associated factors by pretested semistructured interview schedule. Multivariate analysis was done to identify significant associated factors.

Results:
Two-fifth (40%) of adolescents had depressive disorders, 7.6 per cent major depressive disorders and 32.5 per cent other depressive disorders. In terms of severity, 29.7 per cent had mild depression, 15.5 per cent had moderate depression, 3.7 per cent had moderately severe depression and 1.1 per cent had severe depression. Significant associated factors included being in a government school, studying in class Xth and XIIth, rural locality, physical abuse by family members, alcohol use and smoking by father, lack of supportive environment in school, spending less time in studies, lower level of participation in cultural activities and having a boy/girlfriend. Significant predictors on binary logistic regression analysis were being in class Xth [odds ratio (OR)=5.3] and lack of self-satisfaction with own academic performance (OR=5.1).

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our study showed that a significant proportion of schoolgoing adolescents suffered from depression. The presence of depression was associated with a large number of modifiable risk factors. There is a need to modify the home as well as school environment to reduce the risk of depression.
Clinical & immunological characteristics in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Rastin Maryam , Mahmoudi Mahmoud , Sahebari Maryam , Tabasi Nafiseh 
Published: December 2017

Background & objectives:
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease which affects females more than males. Gender affects the manifestations of SLE and men with lupus show more severe symptoms and worse prognosis. This study was aimed to compare clinical and immunological features in female and male lupus patients in Iran.

Methods:
Demographic, clinical and laboratory data from 78 women and 20 men with lupus were collected. Autoantibodies (against nRNP, Sm, SSA, SSB, Ro-52, CENP, Jo-1, Scl-70, nucleosome, anti-dsDNA, histone and Rib-p protein) were determined using immunoblotting technique.

Results:
Men with lupus had less anti-SSA (21.1 vs 48.1%) and anti-Ro52 (10.5 vs 44.3%) antibodies when compared to women and none of the male patients had anti-SSB antibodies. Kidney damage was more frequent in men (68.4% in men vs 36.7% in women). In men with kidney involvement, anti-dsDNA increased significantly (84.6 vs 20.0%) in comparison to males without nephritis. Anti-SSA (7.7 vs 50.0%) and anti-nRNP (0.0 vs 33.8%) on the other hand, decreased. Women with renal involvement had no anti-SSB antibodies.

Interpretation & conclusions:
In male patients, SLE appeared with more severe features, and kidney damage was more frequent in males. The frequency of some autoantibodies was different between females and males. In males with kidney damage anti-dsDNA increased significantly, while anti-SSA and anti-nRNP decreased. Anti-SSB was not detected in males and females with nephritis.
Prevalence of afebrile parasitaemia due to Plasmodium falciparum & P. vivax in district Balaghat (Madhya Pradesh)
Authors: Chaturvedi Neha , Krishna Sri , Bharti Praveen K. , Gaur Deepak , Chauhan Virander S. , Singh Neeru 
Published: December 2017

Background & objectives:
Balaghat district in Central India is a highly malarious district where both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax are prevalent. In this district, the persistence of malaria was on an increase and not responsive to intervention measures even though there was no drug resistance. This study was undertaken by conducting mass screening to determine the prevalence of malaria among particularly vulnerable tribe of Balaghat, for developing evidence-based intervention measures for malaria control in hard to reach areas.

Methods:
This prospective study was carried out during 2013-2014 by conducting mass survey of the population in 10 villages of Birsa community health centre (CHC) and 12 villages of Baihar CHC. Finger-pricked blood smears were collected from all consenting individuals with or without fever for microscopic examination.

Results:
In the febrile group, the slide positivity rate (SPR) and slide falciparum rate (SFR) were 32.4 and 28.9 per cent, respectively, with 89.4 per cent P. falciparum, while in the afebrile individuals also, the SPR and SFR were high (29 and 26%, respectively), but these were significantly lower than that of febrile group. The gametocyte carriers were significantly higher (odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.25-2.25, P =0.0004) in afebrile patients when compared with febrile group. Vector incrimination showed the presence of four sporozoite-positive Anopheles culicifacies out of 1953 assayed.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Plasmodium falciparum malaria was high in young children (up to 8 years) as compared to the adult in both afebrile and febrile group in Balaghat district. High prevalence of gametocyte was observed in all age groups among the afebrile cases. The identification of afebrile malaria parasitaemia is an important challenge for the malaria elimination initiatives. A strong malaria surveillance system is fundamental to both programme design and implementation.
Unexpected Interface Corrosion and Sensitization Susceptibility in Additively Manufactured Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Macatangay D.A. , Thomas S. , Birbilis N. , Kelly R.G. 
Published: December 2017

This communication describes observations of unexpected microstructural interface susceptibility to accelerated dissolution in additively manufactured (AM) Type 316L stainless steel prepared by selective laser melting. Observations include accelerated microstructural interface dissolution in the as-built condition, as well as more rapid sensitization of grain boundaries upon exposure to elevated temperature. Electrolytic etching in persulfate solution was used to evaluate the susceptibility of microstructural interfaces to accelerated dissolution in both wrought and AM 316L. Post-test optical microscopy and profilometry on AM 316L revealed that the melt pool boundaries in the as-built condition were susceptible to accelerated attack, although the small grains within the prior melt pools were not. Furthermore, short, elevated temperature exposure (1 h at 675°C) also induced sensitization of the grain boundaries. Identical testing on as-manufactured wrought 316L confirmed that no microstructural interfaces showed susceptibility to accelerated dissolution, and grain boundaries could be sensitized only by extended periods (24 h) at elevated temperature (675°C). Annealing was capable of removing sensitization in wrought 316L, but activated the surface of the AM 316L, leading to widespread, uniform dissolution.
Precipitation extremes on multiple timescales – Bartlett–Lewis rectangular pulse model and intensity–duration–frequency curves
Authors: Ritschel Christoph , Ulbrich Uwe , Névir Peter , Rust Henning W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. For several hydrological modelling tasks, precipitation time series with a high (i.e. sub-daily) resolution are indispensable. The data are, however, not always available, and thus model simulations are used to compensate. A canonical class of stochastic models for sub-daily precipitation are Poisson cluster processes, with the original Bartlett–Lewis (OBL) model as a prominent representative. The OBL model has been shown to well reproduce certain characteristics found in observations. Our focus is on intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) relationships, which are of particular interest in risk assessment. Based on a high-resolution precipitation time series (5 min) from Berlin-Dahlem, OBL model parameters are estimated and IDF curves are obtained on the one hand directly from the observations and on the other hand from OBL model simulations. Comparing the resulting IDF curves suggests that the OBL model is able to reproduce the main features of IDF statistics across several durations but cannot capture rare events (here an event with a return period larger than 1000 years on the hourly timescale). In this paper, IDF curves are estimated based on a parametric model for the duration dependence of the scale parameter in the generalized extreme value distribution; this allows us to obtain a consistent set of curves over all durations. We use the OBL model to investigate the validity of this approach based on simulated long time series.
Violet Stockton and the Making of Minnie Bibble
Authors: Page David 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Violet Stockton, who F. Scott Fitzgerald met in 1908 when she came to St. Paul to visit her grandparents, was one of Fitzgerald's lesser-known muses, but she is prominently mentioned in his Thoughtbook and played a central role at that point in his life. This article provides biographical information about her and her family and speculates about the influence she may have had on the Minnie Bibble character in Fitzgerald's Basil Duke Lee stories and on Fitzgerald's decision to attend Princeton University. That thirty-two years after their first meeting Violet Stockton appears on a list Fitzgerald compiled of his “Fixations” certainly makes her relevant to anyone interested in his infatuations and inspirations.
DA ORDEM DO DISCURSO AO DISCURSO DA ORDEM: DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE SABER E PODER EM FOUCAULT
Authors: Gimbo Fernando Sepe 
Published: December 2017

<p><strong>RESUMO: </strong>O artigo propõe uma reconstrução do problema da relação entre saber e poder tal como concebida por Foucault no início na década de 70. Para tanto, organizo minha exposição em torno de dois pontos principais: (1) mostrar a relação que Foucault estabelece entre discurso e ordem a partir das funções de exclusão relacionadas ao campo do saber; (2) recuperar a leitura consonante de Marcel Détienne e Nietzsche que subjaz a posição de Foucault, leitura através da qual ele distancia-se de certa concepção tradicional e clássica de verdade. O objetivo de tal reconstrução é expor de forma detalhada como a constituição da trama entre saber e poder esclarece e define o sentido do projeto foucaultiano de escrever uma história crítica do pensamento. Definição filosoficamente importante e fecunda, pois ela abre a perspectiva política que Foucault irá explorar durante todo o chamado período genealógico: a “história da verdade” será, doravante, escrita também como uma <em>história política da verdade.</em> </p>
O BIOPODER NA PERSPECTIVA FOUCAULTIANA
Authors: Brigido Edimar Inocencio , Amaral Vinicius 
Published: December 2017

<p>Este trabalho discute as principais características do Biopoder enquanto forma de organização social, sendo uma ação múltipla de inúmeros poderes que atuam no plano biológico. Procura-se, a partir da filosofia foucaultiana, explicitar uma análise do poder, traçando o deslocamento da temática entre a modernidade e a contemporaneidade. Pretende-se, por fim, chamar a atenção do leitor para o poder disciplinar, caracterizando as suas técnicas na formação de corpos dóceis, possibilitando uma conformação do bio-poder entre a disciplina e a regulamentação dos corpos sociais.</p>
REVISÃO DO CONCEITO DE “ATEÍSMO” NA LITERATURA CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Koslowski Adilson , Santos Valmor 
Published: December 2017

<p>Nesse artigo de revisão de literatura acerca do conceito de ateísmo, procuramos obter uma síntese de várias propostas de definir ateísmo como aparecem em artigos e livros especializados sobre o tema. Para alguns filósofos, “ateísmo” é um conceito muito fácil de definir. J. Baggini, afirma: “Ateísmo de fato é bem simples de definir: é a crença que não existe Deus ou deuses”. Contudo, esse otimismo não é compartilhado por todos os que lidam com o assunto. </p>
Démocratie, Hospitalité et Violence. Interview avec Marc Crépon
Authors: Agüero Águila Javier , González Verónica 
Published: December 2017

Marc Crépon est directeur de recherche au Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) et directeur du département de philosophie à l’École normale supérieure (ENS), Paris, France. L’interview s’organise autour de trois axes qui nous semblent contenir les problématiques politiques actuelles présentes dans son travail. Le premier axe concerne la démocratie et la culture de la peur, le deuxième porte sur la démocratie et l’hospitalité et le troisième a trait à la politique, à la violence et au langage.