bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The crustal structure of the Arizona Transition Zone and southern Colorado Plateau from multiobservable probabilistic inversion
Authors: Tork Qashqai Mehdi , Carlos Afonso Juan , Yang Yingjie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Arizona Transition Zone is a narrow band that separates two of the main and most contrasting tectonic provinces in western US, namely the southern Colorado Plateau and the southern Basin and Range provinces. As such, the internal crustal structure and physical state of this transitional zone hold clues for understanding (i) the amalgamation of these provinces, (ii) the partitioning of deformation due to both past and present‐day stress fields, and (iii) the role of thermal versus compositional effects in controlling surface observables. Here we employ and expand a novel multiobservable probabilistic inversion method and jointly invert fundamental mode Rayleigh phase velocities, receiver functions, surface heat flow, geoid height, and absolute elevation to obtain an internally consistent 3‐D model of the temperature, density, Vs, and Vp of the Arizona Transition Zone and the southern portions of the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range. Our results confirm a significant crustal thickening from ∼28 km in the SW of the Arizona Transition Zone and southern Basin and Range to ∼48 km beneath the southern Colorado Plateau. Inverted temperatures agree well with the location of recent volcanism and indicate that the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary is not deeper than ∼70 km in most of the region. We find that major pre‐Cambrian surface structures and/or shear zones separate crustal domains with distinct bulk properties, suggesting that the juxtaposed crustal blocks still retain, at least in part, their original characteristics. However, widespread intrusions of significant volumes of mafic magmas have affected these blocks at different depths, locally overprinting their original compositions and creating highly heterogeneous crustal sections. A dominant and large‐scale internal crustal pattern of SW dipping planes/structures is evident in our models, coinciding with the orientation of deep faults previously inferred from earthquake focal mechanisms. While we cannot categorically corroborate the presence of melt or aqueous fluids within the crust, our results are compatible with these scenarios beneath some parts of the Basin and Range, the Mogollon‐Datil, and Springerville volcanic fields.
Characterizing and understanding systematic biases in the vertical structure of clouds in CMIP5/CFMIP2 models
Authors: Cesana G. , Waliser D. E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFrom a traditional low‐, middle‐, and high‐cloud “layered” perspective as well as a more detailed “level” perspective (40 levels), we compare the vertical distribution of clouds in 12 general circulation models (GCMs) against the GCM‐Oriented Cloud‐Aerosols Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations Cloud Product (CALIPSO‐GOCCP) using a satellite simulator approach. The layered perspective shows that models exhibit the similar regional biases: an overestimate (underestimate) of high clouds over oceans (continents) in the tropics and a strong underestimate of low clouds over stratocumulus regions. Although high clouds are too infrequent on average, the level perspective reveals that high‐level clouds fill too many upper levels of the column when present (geometrically too thick), suggesting an overestimation of the cloud overlap. Compositing by dynamical regimes and large‐scale relative humidity shows that the models tend to have too many high‐level clouds in moist environments and too few boundary layer clouds in dry environments regardless of dynamical regimes.
Closing the sea level budget on a regional scale: Trends and variability on the Northwestern European continental shelf
Authors: Frederikse Thomas , Riva Riccardo , Kleinherenbrink Marcel , Wada Yoshihide , van den Broeke Michiel , Marzeion Ben 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLong‐term trends and decadal variability of sea level in the North Sea and along the Norwegian coast have been studied over the period 1958–2014. We model the spatially nonuniform sea level and solid earth response to large‐scale ice melt and terrestrial water storage changes. GPS observations, corrected for the solid earth deformation, are used to estimate vertical land motion. We find a clear correlation between sea level in the North Sea and along the Norwegian coast and open ocean steric variability in the Bay of Biscay and west of Portugal, which is consistent with the presence of wind‐driven coastally trapped waves. The observed nodal cycle is consistent with tidal equilibrium. We are able to explain the observed sea level trend over the period 1958–2014 well within the standard error of the sum of all contributing processes, as well as the large majority of the observed decadal sea level variability.
Bimaterial interfaces in the south San Andreas Fault with opposite velocity contrasts NW and SE from San Gorgonio Pass
Authors: Share Pieter‐Ewald , Ben‐Zion Yehuda 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAnalysis of fault zone head waves indicates the existence of two deep large‐scale bimaterial interfaces in the structure of the southern San Andreas Fault (SAF) with opposite sense of velocity contrast. One interface extends from the Cajon Pass area to the San Gorgonio Pass (SGP) region and is associated with a slower seismic velocity on the southwest side of the SAF. The second interface extends from the SGP region to the Coachella Valley and involves a slower seismic velocity on the northeast side. Tomographic imaging of alternating velocity structures supports the velocity contrast reversal across the SAF. The observations and expected properties of bimaterial ruptures suggest that earthquakes nucleating slightly to the NW and SE of SGP tend to propagate along the SAF in the opposite along‐strike directions. This is consistent with geological and seismological evidence in the Mojave and southernmost sections of the SAF.
Far‐field pressurization likely caused one of the largest injection induced earthquakes by reactivating a large preexisting basement fault structure
Authors: Yeck W. L. , Weingarten M. , Benz H. M. , McNamara D. E. , Bergman E. A. , Herrmann R. B. , Rubinstein J. L. , Earle P. S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Mw 5.1 Fairview, Oklahoma, earthquake on 13 February 2016 and its associated seismicity produced the largest moment release in the central and eastern United States since the 2011 Mw 5.7 Prague, Oklahoma, earthquake sequence and is one of the largest earthquakes potentially linked to wastewater injection. This energetic sequence has produced five earthquakes with Mw 4.4 or larger. Almost all of these earthquakes occur in Precambrian basement on a partially unmapped 14 km long fault. Regional injection into the Arbuckle Group increased approximately sevenfold in the 36 months prior to the start of the sequence (January 2015). We suggest far‐field pressurization from clustered, high‐rate wells greater than 12 km from this sequence induced these earthquakes. As compared to the Fairview sequence, seismicity is diffuse near high‐rate wells, where pressure changes are expected to be largest. This points to the critical role that preexisting faults play in the occurrence of large induced earthquakes.
Incipient sensor fault estimation and accommodation for inverter devices in electric railway traction systems
Authors: Zhang Kangkang , Jiang Bin , Yan Xing‐Gang , Mao Zehui 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis paper proposes an incipient sensor fault estimation and accommodation method for three‐phase PWM inverter devices in electric railway traction systems. First, the dynamics of inverters and incipient voltage sensor faults are modeled. Then, for the augmented system formed by original inverter system and incipient sensor faults, an optimal adaptive unknown input observer is proposed to estimate the inverter voltages, currents and the incipient sensor faults. The designed observer guarantees that the estimation errors converge to the minimal invariant ellipsoid. Moreover, based on the output regulator via internal model principle, the fault accommodation controller is proposed to ensure that the vod and voq voltages track the desired reference voltages with the tracking error converging to the minimal invariant ellipsoid. Finally, simulations based on the traction system in CRH2 (China Railway High‐speed) are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Spiro[piperidine‐3,3′‐oxindoles] via Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Dearomatization of N‐Propargyl‐ and N‐Homoallenyl‐2‐bromotryptamines
Authors: Magné Valentin , Blanchard Florent , Marinetti Angela , Voituriez Arnaud , Guinchard Xavier 
Published: September 2016

AbstractN‐Propargyl‐ and N‐homoallenyl‐2‐bromo‐β‐tryptamines undergo gold(I)‐catalyzed dearomatizing cyclizations to afford 2‐bromospiroindolenines that are in situ hydrolyzed to furnish spirooxindoles in a one‐pot process. Tryptophane derivatives (R2=CO2Et) led upon cyclization to chiral spirooxindoles in excellent diastereoselectivities.magnified image
A Stable Crystalline Triarylphosphine Oxide Radical Anion
Authors: Schaub Tobias A. , Zolnhofer Eva M. , Halter Dominik P. , Shubina Tatyana E. , Hampel Frank , Meyer Karsten , Kivala Milan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTriarylphosphine oxides (Ar3P=O) are being intensely studied as electron‐accepting (n‐type) materials. Despite the widespread application of these compounds as electron conductors, experimental data regarding the structural and electronic properties of their negatively charged states remain scarce owing to their propensity for follow‐up chemistry. Herein, a carefully designed triarylphosphine oxide scaffold is disclosed that comprises sterically demanding spirofluorenyl moieties to shield the central phosphoryl (P=O) moiety. This compound undergoes chemical one‐electron reduction to afford an exceptionally stable radical anion, which was isolated and characterized by X‐ray crystallography for the very first time. The experimental data, corroborated by computational studies, shall allow for the construction of phosphine oxide materials with enhanced stability.
Copper‐Catalyzed Vicinal Diphosphination of Styrenes: Access to 1,2‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane‐Type Bidentate Ligands from Olefins
Authors: Okugawa Yuto , Hirano Koji , Miura Masahiro 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA copper/N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed oxidative vicinal diphosphination of styrenes with diphenyl(trimethylsilyl)phosphine proceeds in the presence of LiOtBu and a pyridine N‐oxide/MnO2 combined oxidant to deliver the corresponding 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethanes (DPPEs) in good yields. The present copper catalysis can provide access to the DPPE‐type ligands directly from the relatively simple alkenes.
Water‐in‐Supercritical CO2 Microemulsion Stabilized by a Metal Complex
Authors: Luo Tian , Zhang Jianling , Tan Xiuniang , Liu Chengcheng , Wu Tianbin , Li Wei , Sang Xinxin , Han Buxing , Li Zhihong , Mo Guang , Xing Xueqing , Wu Zhonghua 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHerein we propose for the first time the utilization of a metal complex for forming water‐in‐supercritical CO2 (scCO2) microemulsions. The water solubility in the metal‐complex‐stabilized microemulsion is significantly improved compared with the conventional water‐in‐scCO2 microemulsions stabilized by hydrocarbons. Such a microemulsion provides a promising route for the in situ CO2 reduction catalyzed by a metal complex at the water/scCO2 interface.
New application of henna extract as an asphaltene inhibitor: an experimental study
Authors: Monjezi Eiman , Rostami Alireza , Joonaki Edris , Shadizadeh Seyyed Reza 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTaking preventive measures of asphaltene precipitation is of great significance in petroleum production and development. Therefore, a new chemical remediation was developed in the current study. The major objective of this experimental study is investigation of the effects of chemically extracted henna on the behaviour of asphaltene in the Bangestan crude oil during pressure decline due to asphaltene precipitation in the coreflood experiments. The application of henna leaf‐derived inhibitor and their influences on the asphaltene precipitation in the oil wells have not yet been addressed in the literature. Coreflood test results illustrate that subjection of the crude oil to chemically extracted henna decreases the asphaltene precipitation which was obtained by IP143 method. Also, it was concluded that permeability reduction with Bangestan crude oil during coreflooding with henna extract in n‐hexane is less than when it was flooded with pure n‐hexane. The consequence of this investigation is the first break‐in application of chemically extracted henna in oil industry. To this end, the results of the present work can assist us in the subsequent researches about the usage of chemically derived natural compounds for the aims of asphaltene precipitation prevention in underground hydrocarbon reservoirs. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blebbishields and mitotic cells exhibit robust macropinocytosis
Authors: Jinesh Goodwin G. , Kamat Ashish M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCancer stem cells can survive and undergo transformation after apoptosis by initiating robust endocytosis. Endocytosis in‐turn drives formation of serpentine filopodia, which promote construction of blebbishields from apoptotic bodies. However, the status and role of macropinocytosis in blebbishields is not known. Here, we show by scanning electron microscopy and by macropinocytosis assays that blebbishields exhibit robust macropinocytosis. Inhibiting dynamin‐mediated endocytosis does not affect macropinocytosis in blebbishields or in mitotic cells. In addition, inhibiting macropinocytosis did not inhibit construction of blebbishields from apoptotic bodies. Thus, although apoptotic cancer stem cells exhibit robust macropinocytosis, macropinocytosis is not essential to generate blebbishields, although it may play other roles in blebbishield biology. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(2):181–186, 2017
The use of adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer varies widely between hospitals: a nationwide population‐based analysis
Authors: Bakens Maikel J. , van der Geest Lydia G. , van Putten Magreet , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. , Creemers Geert‐Jan , Besselink Marc G. , Lemmens Valery E. , de Hingh Ignace H. ,   the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group
Published: September 2016

AbstractAdjuvant chemotherapy after pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer is currently considered standard of care. In this nationwide study, we investigated which characteristics determine the likelihood of receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and its effect on overall survival. The data were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. All patients alive 90 days after pancreatoduodenectomy for M0‐pancreatic cancer between 2008 and 2013 in the Netherlands were included in this study. The likelihood to receive adjuvant chemotherapy was analyzed by multilevel logistic regression analysis and differences in time‐to‐first‐chemotherapy were tested for significance by Mann–Whitney U test. Overall survival was assessed by Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis. Of the 1195 patients undergoing a pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer, 642 (54%) patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Proportions differed significantly between the 19 pancreatic centers, ranging from 26% to 74% (P < 0.001). Median time‐to‐first‐chemotherapy was 6.7 weeks and did not differ between centers. Patients with a higher tumor stage, younger age, and diagnosed more recently were more likely to receive adjuvant treatment. The 5‐year overall survival was significantly prolonged in patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy—23% versus 17%, log‐rank = 0.01. In Cox regression analysis, treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy significantly prolonged survival compared with treatment without adjuvant chemotherapy. The finding that elderly patients and patients with a low tumor stage are less likely to undergo treatment needs further attention, especially since adjuvant treatment is known to prolong survival in most of these patients.
Adrenaline inhibits osteogenesis via repressing miR‐21 expression
Authors: Chen Danying , Wang Zuolin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSympathetic signaling is involved in bone homeostasis; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that the psychological stress mediator adrenaline inhibited osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow‐derived stem cells (hMSC) by reducing microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) expression. Briefly, adrenaline significantly inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, as observed with both Alizarin red staining and maker gene expression (RUNX2, OSX, OCN, and OPN). During this process, miR‐21 was suppressed by adrenaline via inhibition of histone acetylation, as verified by H3K9Ac chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. MiR‐21 was confirmed to promote hMSC osteogenic differentiation, and overexpression of miR‐21 reversed the impeditive effect of adrenaline on hMSC osteogenic differentiation. Our results demonstrate that down‐regulation of miR‐21 is responsible for the adrenaline‐mediated inhibition of hMSC osteogenic differentiation. These findings indicate a regulation of bone metabolism by psychological stress and also provide a molecular basis for psychological stress‐associated bone diseases.
An Efficient Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Annulation of Internal Alkynes and Anilines To Produce Maleimides
Authors: Zhu Fengxiang , Li Yahui , Wang Zechao , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA selective and efficient procedure for the carbonylative synthesis of polysubstituted maleimides was developed. With rhodium as the catalyst and acetylacetone (acac) as the ligand, various desired maleimide derivatives were isolated in moderate to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance from the corresponding internal alkynes and anilines.
Multivariate resolution of flattened absorption spectra with weighted least squares; weight selection and rotational ambiguity
Authors: Skvortsov Alexey N. 
Published: September 2016

Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) of absorption spectra is now a ubiquitously used tool. However, MCR methods, which use ordinary least squares (OLS) approach, assume that the measurement uncertainties are unbiased and homoscedastic. This is not true for absorption measurements, in which uncertainty variance and bias both increase as the true absorbance increases. The bias produces a well‐known flattening/saturation of the peaks at high optical densities, which makes the data nonlinear and unsuitable for OLS‐based MCR analysis. This problem can be reduced by using weighted least squares (WLS).In the present paper, the ability of WLS‐based MCR to handle simulated and real datasets with realistic optical noise and flattening was assessed. Three weighting schemes were tested: OLS (unity weights), weights based on the maximum likelihood principle (MLP) and the physics of absorption measurement, and weights based on empirical cutoff (zero weights for saturated data points). The abilities of MCR to recover the true profiles and to evaluate rotational ambiguity of the solutions were compared for the 3 weighting schemes. MLP‐ and cutoff‐based WLS‐MCR produced better resolution of flattened data than OLS, but the success of the extension to strongly flattened spectra depended on data structure. MLP‐based MCR was general and stable, while cutoff‐based MCR was more sensitive to the data but could recover unbiased profiles. Generally, the use of WLS can expand MCR functionality to the analysis of flattened spectra.The specifics of finding WLS bilinear solutions and approaches to migrate factor‐based MCR methods from OLS to WLS are also discussed.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence: A Review of Experimental and Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Longhi Giovanna , Castiglioni Ettore , Koshoubu Jun , Mazzeo Giuseppe , Abbate Sergio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe review the present status of experiments and calculations for circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of simple organic molecules and of stimuli‐responsive organic molecules. Together with the historical report of the main instrumental approaches, a few crucial points about experiments are tackled, with the aim of defining measurement protocols, in view of the wide availability of commercial apparatuses in the near future. The calculations aimed at interpreting the CPL spectra, mostly based on time‐dependent Density Functional Theory (TD‐DFT) calculations, which started around 2010, are reviewed, limiting the discussion to small to mid‐sized molecules. Some applications of CPL spectra of organic molecules‐based systems are presented, with a focus especially on two fields: material science and biology. Chirality 28:696–707, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generation of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) conditional knockout mice
Authors: Sakamoto Kazuhito , Wehde Barbara L. , Rädler Patrick D. , Triplett Aleata A. , Wagner Kay‐Uwe 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe biological functions of the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) are suggested to be pleiotropic since this signal transducer is ubiquitously expressed and coupled to a variety of cytokine receptors. Consequently, mice that are deficient in this tyrosine kinase were reported to die shortly after birth. To facilitate studies that address the biological and molecular functions of JAK1 during postnatal development, we performed gene targeting in embryonic stem cells and generated a Cre/lox‐based conditional knockout mouse model. Expression of Cre recombinase in the germline converted the Jak1 conditional knockout allele (Jak1fl) into a null allele (Jak1‐) that when subsequently crossed into homozygosity led to a complete absence of the JAK1 protein in developing embryos. JAK1 deficient embryos were visibly smaller starting at E15.5. Newborn pups exhibited signs of apnea and died within hours after birth. The examination of fibroblasts from conditional knockout embryos and their littermate wildtype controls expressing JAK1 showed that lack of this Janus kinase resulted in an impaired tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the downstream Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) 1, 3, and 6. JAK1 conditional knockout mice will be an invaluable tool to study cytokine signaling during normal development and disease progression in adult animals.