bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a non‐native grass invasion decline over time
Authors: Flory S. Luke , Bauer Jonathan , Phillips Richard P. , Clay Keith 
Published: October 2017

Summary

Most research on dynamics and impacts of plant invasions has evaluated patterns and effects over brief time periods (i.e. <4 years). As such, little is known about the persistence of invasions and their long‐term impacts on native species.

To experimentally evaluate longer‐term effects of invasions, we established field plots with native tree and herbaceous species and then invaded half of the plots with the most widespread invasive grass in the eastern United States (Microstegium vimineum). Over 8 years, we quantified invader and native plant biomass, native plant diversity, and tree density and size.

Microstegium was dominant during the first 4 years of the experiment, constituting more than 60% of herbaceous plant biomass in the plots, and native herbaceous biomass was 57% lower and diversity was 44% lower in invaded vs. control plots. However, both Microstegium and herbaceous native species declined in later years. By the end of the experiment, Microstegium was only 2% of community biomass, and there was no difference in native herbaceous biomass in invaded and control plots.

We applied a fire treatment in years 6 and 7 to test if repeated disturbance is required to maintain invader dominance and to evaluate how this common management practice in eastern US forests affected invasive and native plants. Tree density was 65% lower and tree diameters were 28–51% smaller on average in fire‐treated compared with control quadrants, resulting in significantly greater light availability in fire‐treated areas. Consequently, Microstegium and native herbaceous species biomass increased significantly where fire was applied. However, only native species were persistent, and after 8 years, Microstegium was nearly absent, regardless of the fire treatment.

Synthesis. The invasive grass was initially abundant and suppressed native species, but invader decline over time corresponded with succession to native herbaceous species dominance when fire was applied, and to native tree dominance without fire such that after 8 years, the initial effects of invasion were no longer apparent. Thus, our data provide some of the first experimental evidence that while the initial effects of plant invasions can be dramatic, invaders and their impacts may decline over time.
Mycorrhizae, invasions, and the temporal dynamics of mutualism disruption
Authors: Grove Sara , Haubensak Karen A. , Gehring Catherine , Parker Ingrid M. 
Published: October 2017

Summary

An increasingly recognized impact of plant invaders is the disruption of positive interactions between native plants and their belowground mutualistic mycorrhizal fungi. We reviewed 112 studies from 61 publications that report invader impacts on mycorrhizal fungi. We describe emerging patterns on the frequency of negative, neutral and positive invader effects on mycorrhizal fungal abundance, richness and community composition, and we evaluate how these outcomes vary with invasion age. We also describe the evidence for three mechanisms of disruption: (1) plant‐plant competition that alters host quantity or quality (2) changes in soil properties such as nutrient availability and (3) allelopathy.

Invaders can disrupt native mutualisms if they are non‐mycorrhizal, associate with a different type of mycorrhiza, or associate with different taxa of the same type of mycorrhiza as the native plants. Invaders that enrich soil nutrients can cause declines in mycorrhizal abundance, shifts in fungal community composition, and cause native plants to reduce their dependence on mycorrhizas. Invaders that produce allelopathic compounds cause mycorrhizal abundance to decrease and alter community composition because of variation in the sensitivity of different fungi to toxins.

While the evidence for disruption of the mycorrhizal mutualism with invasion is strong, temporal patterns have not yet emerged from the literature. Invasion age was not clearly associated with extent of disruption, and the timing of recovery following invader removal was highly variable. Differences in the biology of native and invasive plants, their interactions with mycorrhizal fungi and the surrounding landscape contributed to this variation.

Synthesis. Our systematic review suggests that invaders frequently decrease mycorrhizal abundance and alter fungal community composition while only occasionally affecting fungal species richness. The development of invader impacts, as well as the restoration of native communities after invader removal, are influenced by a suite of plant, fungal and environmental traits that change over time. However, few studies have examined the temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal disruption, and results are variable. Future research should focus on the temporal scale of mutualism disruption while considering plant phylogenetics and demography, fungal functional traits such as spore longevity and dispersal, and soil chemistry.
Climate and rapid local adaptation as drivers of germination and seed bank dynamics of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in North America
Authors: Blossey Bernd , Nuzzo Victoria , Dávalos Andrea 
Published: October 2017

Summary

Local differences in climate conditions may facilitate rapid evolutionary changes in introduced plants to optimize timing of germination or ability to survive in seed banks, which may constitute beneficial demographic adaptations during range expansions. Understanding differences in germination requirements and emergence patterns across a species’ range is critical for demographic modelling and potential invasive species control efforts.

We assessed germination responses of Alliaria petiolata using seeds collected from 10 populations spanning much of the North American distribution of the species. We compared germination responses under different stratification regimes in a growth chamber over 2·5 years, and evaluated seedling emergence in a common garden in Ithaca, New York over 13 years. We further evaluated how climate overlap between Ithaca and original collection sites influenced emergence patterns.

In the laboratory, germination of all populations was similar and highest at 4 °C stratification. Seeds exposed to sub‐zero temperatures delayed germination and population responses were variable. In the common garden, seedlings from most populations emerged over 13 years, and emergence patterns were strongly influenced by population. Annual emergence was positively correlated with spring temperature and inversely correlated with number of spring days with minimum temperature below freezing. Climate overlap between the common garden and original collection location enhanced germination, but common garden climate conditions over the course of the 13‐year experiment and population identity had greater explanatory power.

Synthesis. Laboratory germination tests did not reflect seedling emergence under field conditions. After 150 years of residence time in North America, Alliaria petiolata populations have developed striking differences in their responses to local climates and stratification requirements suggesting that a complex interplay of pre‐adaptation, rapid evolutionary changes, and phenotypic plasticity result in locally adapted populations.
Bacterial catabolism of lignin‐derived aromatics: New findings in a recent decade: Update on bacterial lignin catabolism
Authors: Kamimura Naofumi , Takahashi Kenji , Mori Kosuke , Araki Takuma , Fujita Masaya , Higuchi Yudai , Masai Eiji 
Published: October 2017

SummaryLignin is the most abundant phenolic polymer; thus, its decomposition by microorganisms is fundamental to carbon cycling on earth. Lignin breakdown is initiated by depolymerization catalysed by extracellular oxidoreductases secreted by white‐rot basidiomycetous fungi. On the other hand, bacteria play a predominant role in the mineralization of lignin‐derived heterogeneous low‐molecular‐weight aromatic compounds. The outline of bacterial catabolic pathways for lignin‐derived bi‐ and monoaryls are typically composed of the following sequential steps: (i) funnelling of a wide variety of lignin‐derived aromatics into vanillate and syringate, (ii) O demethylation of vanillate and syringate to form catecholic derivatives and (iii) aromatic ring‐cleavage of the catecholic derivatives to produce tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Knowledge regarding bacterial catabolic systems for lignin‐derived aromatic compounds is not only important for understanding the terrestrial carbon cycle but also valuable for promoting the shift to a low‐carbon economy via biological lignin valorisation. This review summarizes recent progress in bacterial catabolic systems for lignin‐derived aromatic compounds, including newly identified catabolic pathways and genes for decomposition of lignin‐derived biaryls, transcriptional regulation and substrate uptake systems. Recent omics approaches on catabolism of lignin‐derived aromatic compounds are also described.
Relationship between UGT1A1*27 and UGT1A1*7 polymorphisms and irinotecan‐related toxicities in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Fukuda Minoru , Okumura Manabu , Iwakiri Tomomi , Arimori Kazuhiko , Honda Takuya , Kobayashi Kazuma , Senju Hiroaki , Takemoto Shinnosuke , Ikeda Takaya , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Nakatomi Katsumi , Matsuo Nobuko , Mukae Hiroshi , Ashizawa Kazuto 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of gene polymorphisms, including UGT1A1*7, *27, and *29, on the safety of irinotecan therapy.MethodsThe eligibility criteria were: lung cancer patients scheduled to undergo irinotecan therapy, aged ≥ 20 years, with a performance status of 0–2. Thirty‐one patients were enrolled and their blood was collected and used to examine the frequency of UGT1A1*6, *7, *27, *28, and *29 polymorphisms and the concentrations of irinotecan, SN‐38, and SN‐38G after irinotecan therapy.ResultsThe patients’ characteristics were as follows: male/female 25/6, median age 71 years (range 55–84), stage IIB/IIIA/IIIB/IV 2/6/11/12, and adenocarcinoma/squamous cell carcinoma/small cell carcinoma/other 14/10/3/4, respectively. The −/−, *6/−, *7/−, *27/−, *28/−, and *29/− UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms were observed in 10 (32%), 10 (32%), 2 (6%), 2 (6%), 7 (23%), and 0 (0%) cases, respectively. The UGT1A1*27 polymorphism occurred separately from the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism. The lowest leukocyte counts of the patients with the UGT1A1*27 and UGT1A1*6 gene polymorphisms were lower than those observed in the wild‐type patients. SN‐38 tended to remain in the blood for a prolonged period after the infusion of irinotecan in patients with UGT1A1*27 or UGT1A1*28 polymorphisms. No severe myelotoxicity was seen in the patients with UGT1A1*7.Conclusion
UGT1A1*27 can occur separately from UGT1A1*28 and is related to leukopenia during irinotecan treatment. UGT1A1*7 is less relevant to irinotecan‐induced toxicities, and UGT1A1*29 seems to have little clinical impact.
Comparative anatomical study of sound production and reception systems in the common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) heads
Authors: Arribart M. , Ognard J. , Tavernier C. , Richaudeau Y. , Guintard C. , Dabin W. , Ben Salem D. , Jung J.‐L. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans were used to analyse, respectively, the soft tissues and the bones of the heads of four common dolphins and three harbour porpoises. This imaging study was completed by an examination of anatomical sections performed on two odontocete heads (a subadult common dolphin and a subadult harbour porpoise). The three complementary approaches allowed to illustrate anatomical differences in the echolocation systems of the common dolphin and the harbour porpoise. We captured images confirming strong differences of symmetry of the melon and of its connexions to the MLDB (Monkeys Lips/Dorsal Bursae) between the common dolphin and the harbour porpoise. The melon of the common dolphin is asymmetrically directly connected to the right bursae cantantes at its right side, whereas the melon of the harbour porpoise is symmetrical, and separated from the two bursae cantantes by a set of connective tissues. Another striking difference comes from the bursae cantantes themselves, less deeply located in the head of the common dolphin than in the harbour porpoise.
Outcomes of percutaneous cholecystostomy and predictors of subsequent cholecystectomy
Authors: Cooper Scott , Donovan Michael , Grieve David A. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundThe use of a percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) in the management of severe acute cholecystitis is a well recognized alternative to acute cholecystectomy. The need for definitive surgical management remains controversial.MethodsA retrospective analysis of hospital records at Nambour General Hospital between 2012 and 2016 was conducted and data relating to indications, demographics, comorbidities and outcomes were collected.ResultsThirty PC patients (20 male and 10 female) were identified, with a mean age of 77 years (range 46–93). Thirteen proceeded to cholecystectomy, nine elective and four emergent. Mean time to operation was 97 days (range 1–480). Ten were performed laparoscopically with a complication rate of 23% (3/13). One patient in the operative group died. Seventeen patients did not proceed to cholecystectomy. Fifteen resolved and were discharged, and two died. Three of those discharged were readmitted with gallstone disease requiring treatment, one of which died. A total of 71% (12/17) of the non‐operative group died and three of those had a cause of death related to gallstone disease. The operative group was younger (P = 0.01) and had a lower estimated mortality risk (P < 0.05). In this cohort, this translated to an overall survival benefit (P < 0.01).ConclusionPredictors of eventual cholecystectomy include younger age and lower estimated mortality risk. Patients who require a PC for the treatment of acute cholecystitis and subsequently go on to cholecystectomy can expect to have a favourable outcome.
Letter: enteral nutrition therapy for the induction of remission in paediatric Crohn's disease—Authors’ reply
Authors: Feathers A. , Swaminath A. , Ananthakrishnan A. N. , Falzon L. , Li Ferry S. 
Published: October 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Dai et al and Swaminath et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14337 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14253.
Genetic polymorphisms associated with smoking behaviour predict the risk of surgery in patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Lang B. M. , Biedermann L. , van Haaften W. T. , de Vallière C. , Schuurmans M. , Begré S. , Zeitz J. , Scharl M. , Turina M. , Greuter T. , Schreiner P. , Heinrich H. , Kuntzen T. , Vavricka S. R. , Rogler G. , Beerenwinkel N. , Misselwitz B. ,   the Swiss IBD Cohort Study Group
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundSmoking is a strong environmental factor leading to adverse outcomes in Crohn's disease, but a more benign course in ulcerative colitis. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with smoking quantity and behaviour.AimTo assess whether smoking‐associated SNPs interact with smoking to influence the clinical course of inflammatory bowel diseases.MethodsGenetic and prospectively obtained clinical data from 1434 Swiss inflammatory bowel disease cohort patients (821 Crohn's disease and 613 ulcerative colitis) were analysed. Six SNPs associated with smoking quantity and behaviour (rs588765, rs1051730, rs1329650, rs4105144, rs6474412 and rs3733829) were combined to form a risk score (range: 0‐12) by adding the number of risk alleles. We calculated multivariate models for smoking, risk of surgery, fistula, Crohn's disease location and ulcerative colitis disease extent.ResultsIn Crohn's disease patients who smoke, the number of surgeries was associated with the genetic risk score. This translates to a predicted 3.5‐fold (95% confidence interval: 2.4‐ to 5.7‐fold, P<.0001) higher number of surgical procedures in smokers with 12 risk alleles than individuals with the lowest risk. Patients with a risk score >7 had a significantly shorter time to first intestinal surgery. The genetic risk score did not predict surgery in ulcerative colitis or occurrence of fistulae in Crohn's disease. SNP rs6265 was associated with ileal disease in Crohn's disease (P<.05) and proctitis in ulcerative colitis (P<.05).ConclusionsSNPs associated with smoking quantity is associated with an increased risk for surgery in Crohn's disease patients who smoke. Our data provide an example of genetics interacting with the environment to influence the disease course of inflammatory bowel disease.
Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair for strangulated inguinal hernia
Authors: Matsuda Akihisa , Miyashita Masao , Matsumoto Satoshi , Sakurazawa Nobuyuki , Kawano Youichi , Kuriyama Sho , Sekiguchi Kumiko , Ando Fumihiko , Matsutani Takeshi , Uchida Eiji 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair (TAPP) is widely accepted in elective inguinal hernioplasty. However, given the scarcity of data, the feasibility and safety of TAPP in strangulated hernia cases have not yet been determined.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the data from a consecutive series of 33 patients who had undergone surgery for acute strangulated inguinal hernia associated with suspected visceral ischemic damage by either TAPP (TAPP group, n = 11) or conventional open hernioplasty via the anterior approach (anterior group, n = 22).ResultsThe TAPP group had a significant longer surgical duration than the anterior group (147 vs 84 min) and relatively less blood loss. Incision and enlargement of the hernial orifice, which enables easy reduction of the strangulated organ, was performed in the last 7 of 11 cases in the TAPP group. The morbidity was lower in the TAPP group, but the difference was not statistically significant (18% vs 23%). The TAPP group had a significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay than the anterior group (7 vs 10 days).ConclusionFor surgeons with sufficient knowledge of the anatomy and expertise in reducing the strangulated organ, TAPP for strangulated inguinal hernia is at least comparable to open hernioplasty via the anterior approach in short‐term outcomes.
Geochronology of detrital muscovite and zircon constrains the sediment provenance changes in the Yangtze River during the late Cenozoic
Authors: Sun Xilin , Li Chang'an , Kuiper Klaudia F. , Wang Jietao , Tian Yuntao , Vermeesch Pieter , Zhang Zengjie , Zhao Juxing , Wijbrans Jan R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe geometry and evolution of rivers originating from the Tibetan plateau are influenced by topography and climate change during the India‐Asia collision. The Yangtze River is the longest among these rivers and formed due to capturing many rivers on the eastern Tibetan Plateau by the middle Yangtze. The timing of these capture events is still controversial. Here, we use detrital muscovite 40Ar/39Ar and zircon U–Pb ages to constrain the provenance of late Cenozoic sediments in the Jianghan Basin in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The combined data suggest that late Pliocene sediments were mainly derived from a local source in the Jianghan Basin including the Dabie Shan. The middle Pleistocene sediments were derived from the Min River west of the Three Gorges. This implies that at least one river, perhaps the palaeo‐Han River, originating from the Dabie Shan region, flowed through the centre of the Jianghan Basin during the late Pliocene. The appearance of sediment from the Min River in the Jianghan Basin somewhere between late Pliocene and middle Pleistocene suggests that the Three Gorges section of the Yangtze River was formed somewhere between late Pliocene and middle Pleistocene (N2– Q2).
Adjuvant pretreatment with alum protects neonatal mice in sepsis through myeloid cell activation
Authors: Rincon J C , Cuenca A L , Raymond S L , Mathias B , Nacionales D C , Ungaro R , Efron P A , Wynn J L , Moldawer L L , Larson S D 
Published: October 2017

Summary
The high mortality in neonatal sepsis has been related to both quantitative and qualitative differences in host protective immunity. Pretreatment strategies to prevent sepsis have received inadequate consideration, especially in the premature neonate, where outcomes from sepsis are so dismal. Aluminium salts-based adjuvants (alum) are used currently in many paediatric vaccines, but their use as an innate immune stimulant alone has not been well studied. We asked whether pretreatment with alum adjuvant alone could improve outcome and host innate immunity in neonatal mice given polymicrobial sepsis. Subcutaneous alum pretreatment improves survival to polymicrobial sepsis in both wild-type and T and B cell-deficient neonatal mice, but not in caspase-1/11 null mice. Moreover, alum increases peritoneal macrophage and neutrophil phagocytosis, and decreases bacterial colonization in the peritoneum. Bone marrow-derived neutrophils from alum-pretreated neonates produce more neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and exhibit increased expression of neutrophil elastase (NE) after in-vitro stimulation with phorbol esters. In addition, alum pretreatment increases bone marrow and splenic haematopoietic stem cell expansion following sepsis. Pretreatment of neonatal mice with an alum-based adjuvant can stimulate multiple innate immune cell functions and improve survival. These novel findings suggest a therapeutic pathway for the use of existing alum-based adjuvants for preventing sepsis in premature infants.
Post‐operative corticosteroid irrigation for chronic rhinosinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yoon H.Y. , Lee H.S. , Kim I.H. , Hwang S.H. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundRecently, topical steroid therapy delivery using high‐volume sinonasal irrigations has been used more frequently, following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), to improve drug delivery into the paranasal sinuses.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to perform a systematic review with meta‐analysis of the efficacy of steroid nasal irrigation on post‐operative management of Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) following ESS.MethodsFive databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database) from inception to March 2017 were independently reviewed by two researchers. Studies that scored CRS endoscopic findings and CRS‐related quality of life (QOL) post‐operatively before and after steroid nasal irrigation and that compared the effects of steroid nasal irrigation (treatment groups) with saline alone irrigation (control group) were included in the analysis.ResultsTwelve studies (n = 360) met inclusion criteria. Steroid nasal irrigation significantly reduced the endoscopic score compared with pre‐treatment values and also improved QOL. Adverse effects following steroid nasal irrigation such as increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis disturbance were not significant. However, compared with saline alone irrigation, the additional effects of steroid irrigation were not significant in the view of the endoscopic score and disease‐specific QOL.ConclusionAlthough steroid nasal irrigation would not induce adverse effects related to systemic steroid absorption, the beneficial effects of additional steroids in saline irrigation were ambiguous in regard to endoscopic score and CRS‐related QOL improvement compared with saline alone irrigation. However, further clinical trials with robust research methodologies should be conducted to confirm the results of this study.