bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of increasing humidity on heat transport by extratropical waves
Authors: Geen Ruth , Czaja Arnaud , Haigh Joanna D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study emphasizes the separate contributions of the warm and cold sectors of extratropical cyclones to poleward heat transport. Aquaplanet simulations are performed with an intermediate complexity climate model in which the response of the atmosphere to a range of values of saturation vapor pressure is assessed. These simulations reveal stronger poleward transport of latent heat in the warm sector as saturation vapor pressure is increased and an unexpected increase in poleward sensible heat transport in the cold sector. The latter results nearly equally from changes in the background stability of the atmosphere at low levels and changes in the temporal correlation between wind and temperature fields throughout the troposphere. Increased stability at low level reduces the likelihood that movement of cooler air over warmer water results in an absolutely unstable temperature profile, leading to less asymmetric damping of temperature and meridional velocity anomalies in cold and warm sectors.
Validation of Writing Assessment
Authors: Knoch Ute 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The validation of writing assessments is conducted through research investigating how appropriate an assessment is for its intended uses. Validation research occurs in a variety of contexts in which writing assessments are used. The most widely published validation activities often center around high‐stakes writing assessments such as the Internet‐based Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL iBT) or the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). Validation work is often routinely conducted for other high‐stakes assessments too, for example national school‐leaving examinations or language assessments used for professional certification. However, validity evidence should also be gathered in contexts where the assessments are less formal and less standardized, as is the case with classroom‐based writing assessments. While the stakes associated with score use and score‐based interpretations are usually lower and rest more on local contexts and a shared understanding of the required standards and curricula by teachers and students, validation processes should nevertheless be undertaken and communicated to stakeholders. This entry describes the type of validation research that is usually conducted on large‐scale assessment systems and organizes it within an argument‐based approach to validation. The entry concludes with some directions for future research.
Relationship Between Process of Care and a Subsequent Increase in Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Yelin Edward , Yazdany Jinoos , Trupin Laura 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether low ratings of interactions with providers and health plans in 2013 were associated with increased systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) damage in 2015.MethodsData were derived from the Lupus Outcomes Study (LOS) annual surveys and include items from the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans and Interpersonal Processes of Care Scale measuring dimensions of health care interactions. We used ordinary least squares regression to model the change in disease damage over a 2‐year period, 2013–2015, as a function of ratings of multiple dimensions of interactions with providers and health plans, with and without adjustment for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and SLE and overall health status, and logistic regression to estimate the effect of the same matrix of variables on the probability of experiencing a minimum clinically important increase in damage.ResultsThere were 566 LOS respondents who were followed from 2013–2015 and who rated their providers and health plans in 2013. After adjustment, persons with SLE rating their providers poorly in patient–provider communication experienced a significantly greater accrual of disease damage (odds ratio [OR] 0.23 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.09–0.38]) and were more likely to experience a minimum clinically important increase in damage (OR 2.35 [95% CI 1.25–4.39]). After adjustment, those rating their health plan poorly on care coordination experienced a significantly greater accrual of disease damage (OR 0.19 [95% CI 0.03–0.35]) and were more likely to experience a minimum clinically important increase in damage (OR 2.20 [95% CI 1.12–4.34]).ConclusionPoor patient–provider communication and care coordination may result in increased disease damage.
Nutrient Starvation Sensitizes Human Ovarian Cancer SKOV3 Cells to BH3 Mimetic via Modulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics
Authors: Wang Si , Mao Ying , Xi Song , Wang Xinxue , Sun Liankun 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe aberrant proliferation of tumor cells necessitates compensatory changes in tumor metabolic processes. Previous studies on tumor growth and metabolism have established a relationship between nutrient stress and Bcl‐2 anti‐apoptotic proteins, although the mechanisms connecting these processes remain unclear. We induced nutrient deprivation in human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells by culturing cells in Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS) as a starvation model. We used EBSS treatment with the BH3 domain of Bcl‐2 family proteins (BH3) mimetic ABT737, which targets Bcl‐2/Bcl‐xL, to examine mitochondrial dynamics and the interactive regulatory mechanisms between nutrition and Bcl‐2 proteins. We found that EBSS combined with ABT737 can promote SKOV3 cells to undergo apoptosis and convert tubular mitochondria into small, fragmented morphologies. Bcl‐2 family proteins participated in the regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission through apoptosis, and the decrease of Mcl‐1 expression was the key to ABT737 sensitization. Our findings showed that nutrient stress could sensitize SKOV3 cells to ABT737 via regulation of the mitochondrial dynamic balance and interaction of Bcl‐2 family proteins. Our data suggest that nutrient starvation combined with the BH3 mimetic ABT737 could reduce the required effective dose of ABT737, and that inhibition of Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 together with nutrient starvation could serve as an effective strategy for the treatment of human ovarian cancer. Anat Rec, 300:326–339, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Behagliches Raumklima – Wohnen in halboffenen Räumen in ariden Regionen
Authors: Teimourtash Shabnam 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDie traditionellen Stadtgebiete der ariden Regionen sind von Innenhöfen geprägt. Sie vermitteln den Eindruck, aus introvertierten Einheiten gebaut zu sein. Das Wohnen in Hofhäusern steht jedoch in enger Verbindung mit dem Außenbereich. Trotz der klimatischen Belastungen gehören offene und halboffene Räume zu den Hauptwohnräumen, wobei die Innenhöfe den Außenbereich dafür bilden. Einer der am weitesten verbreiteten halboffenen Räume der traditionellen Architektur ist der Iwan (īwān). Der folgende Artikel befasst sich mit der Frage, wie der Iwan als klimaeffizienter Wohnraum funktioniert hat. Dafür wurden an 30 Fallbeispielen aus vier Städten der ariden Region im Iran Kriterien zur Steigerung der thermischen Behaglichkeit im Iwan untersucht, die jeweilige Position des Iwan im Grundriss analysiert und der Zusammenhang zwischen Windtürmen, Wasserbecken und Hauptwindrichtungen in den warmen Jahreszeiten und deren Einwirkung auf die Raumtemperatur im Iwan studiert.Climate comfort in traditional residential buildings – Living in semi‐open spaces in arid regions. The traditional urban areas in the arid regions are characterized by courtyard houses. This creates the impression of being built of introvert units with less connection to the outdoors. However, life within the courtyard houses is to a large extent combined with open spaces. Open and semi‐open spaces belongs to main living spaces despite the restrictive climate conditions in the arid region, while internal courtyards create the main outdoor. One of the widespread semi‐open spaces in the traditional architecture of the arid regions is Iwan (īwān). This paper studies how the Iwan has worked as a climate efficient space in the arid region. It explores the factors enhancing the thermal comfort in Iwan, the position of Iwan in the floor plan, and the impact of the interaction between wind catchers, water ponds and prevailing winds in warm seasons to reduce the air temperature in Iwan. The analysis is based on 30 case studies from four different cities in the arid region of Iran.
SUPPRESSION OF SEISMIC RANDOM NOISE BASED ON STEERABLE FILTERS
Authors: Mei‐Hong HUANG , Yue LI 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFor seismic random noise suppression, this work designs a steerable filter by taking advantage of elongated Hermite‐Gauss functions. According to the different directional responses between valid signal and random noise, we can reconstruct signal by the local characteristics of selected data. With the added directional selectivity, the filtering process can match different direction axes, which makes sure that noise is suppressed without reducing the signal fidelity. The property of directional steerability makes computation more efficient and requires less storage space. Simulation results show that we can get better signal amplitude and denoising effects than traditional wavelet transform and Curvelet transform algorithm by using this method. At –5 db SNR, this method can ensure that the average amplitude reaches 92.99% and SNR enhances 221.774%, which can significantly suppress noise as well as keep the useful signal in processing of real seismic signals.
Comparative effectiveness of primary tumor resection in patients with stage IV colon cancer
Authors: Alawadi Zeinab , Phatak Uma R. , Hu Chung‐Yuan , Bailey Christina E. , You Y. Nancy , Kao Lillian S. , Massarweh Nader N. , Feig Barry W. , Rodriguez‐Bigas Miguel A. , Skibber John M. , Chang George J. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDAlthough the safety of combination chemotherapy without primary tumor resection (PTR) in patients with stage IV colon cancer has been established, questions remain regarding a potential survival benefit with PTR. The objective of this study was to compare mortality rates in patients who had colon cancer with unresectable metastases who did and did not undergo PTR.METHODSAn observational cohort study was conducted among patients with unresectable metastatic colon cancer identified from the National Cancer Data Base (2003‐2005). Multivariate Cox regression analyses with and without propensity score weighting (PSW) were performed to compare survival outcomes. Instrumental variable analysis, using the annual hospital‐level PTR rate as the instrument, was used to account for treatment selection bias. To account for survivor treatment bias, in situations in which patients might die soon after diagnosis from different reasons, a landmark method was used.RESULTSIn the total cohort, 8641 of 15,154 patients (57%) underwent PTR, and 73.8% of those procedures (4972 of 6735) were at landmark. PTR was associated with a significant reduction in mortality using Cox regression (hazard ratio [HR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44‐0.47) or PSW (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0. 44‐0.49). However, instrumental variable analysis revealed a much smaller effect (relative mortality rate, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87‐0.96). Although a smaller benefit was observed with the landmark method using Cox regression (HR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.55‐0.64) and PSW (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.54‐0.64), instrumental variable analysis revealed no survival benefit (relative mortality rate, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.87‐1.06).CONCLUSIONSAmong patients with unresectable metastatic colon cancer, after adjustment for confounder effects, PTR was not associated with improved survival compared with systemic chemotherapy; therefore, routine noncurative PTR is not recommended. Cancer 2017;123:1124–1133. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
BRGP: a balanced RDF graph partitioning algorithm for cloud storage
Authors: Leng Yonglin , Zhikui Chen , Zhong Fangming , Li Xiongjiu , Hu Yueming , Yang Chao 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe continuous growth of resource description framework (RDF) data poses an important challenge on RDF data partitioning that is a vital technique for effective cloud storage. Recently, many partitioning algorithms for large RDF data have been developed, and most of them are based on graph partitioning. However, existing graph partitioning methods could not partition asymmetric RDF data effectively, resulting in a lower performance for cloud storage. This paper proposes a balanced RDF graph partitioning algorithm for storing massive RDF data on cloud. We first devise a modularity‐based multi‐level label propagation algorithm (MMLP) to partition RDF graph roughly and then use a balanced K‐mediods clustering algorithm for final k‐way partitioning. Balanced RDF graph partitioning algorithm designs an effective label update rule and a balanced modification strategy to achieve a high quality coarsening result and make the partition as equilibrium as possible. Experiments are carried on two representative RDF benchmarks and one real RDF dataset by comparison with two representative graph partitioning methods, that is, METIS and MLP+METIS. Results demonstrate that our proposed scheme can produce a high‐quality partition for massive RDF data storage on cloud. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SC‐OCR: similarity‐based clustering and optimum cache replacement approach
Authors: Malli Subramanian Sabitha , Soundarajan Vijayalakshmi 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBig data is a new term used to identify the large scale and complex datasets. Big data is now rapidly expanding in all science and engineering domains, owing to the fast development of networking, data storage, and data collection capacity. Big data mining is the capability of extracting useful information from these large datasets. Nowadays, the integration of cloud computing with the data mining for the big data mining process is a challenging task. In order to process the huge amount of data, it is necessary to concentrate the improvement on the big data computation. Most of the existing approaches use the MapReduce to compute the big data. The increase in the computational cost and memory consumption are the main drawbacks of the existing approaches. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a similarity‐based clustering and optimum cache replacement approach for big data computing applications. The job recovery process is initiated by copying the data in the cloud server and forwarding the data copy for further processing. Then, the job is divided into clusters based on the similarity‐based clustering approach. Finally, the cache concept is introduced with the optimum cache replacement algorithm to avoid repeated execution of the jobs by queue management. The proposed approach is compared with the existing Spark and Hadoop approaches. The proposed approach achieves better performance in terms of iteration time, query response time, job completion time, and clustering accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid Preparation of a Plasma Membrane Fraction: Western Blot Detection of Translocated Glucose Transporter 4 from Plasma Membrane of Muscle and Adipose Cells and Tissues
Authors: Yamamoto Norio , Yamashita Yoko , Yoshioka Yasukiyo , Nishiumi Shin , Ashida Hitoshi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMembrane proteins account for 70% to 80% of all pharmaceutical targets, indicating their clinical relevance and underscoring the importance of identifying differentially expressed membrane proteins that reflect distinct disease properties. The translocation of proteins from the bulk of the cytosol to the plasma membrane is a critical step in the transfer of information from membrane‐embedded receptors or transporters to the cell interior. To understand how membrane proteins work, it is important to separate the membrane fraction of cells. This unit provides a protocol for rapidly obtaining plasma membrane fractions for western blot analysis. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transformer‐coupled π‐network differential CMOS oscillator circuit topology
Authors: Chlis Ilias , Pepe Domenico , Zito Domenico 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis paper reports a novel oscillator circuit topology based on a transformer‐coupled π‐network. As a case study, the proposed oscillator topology has been designed and studied for 60 GHz applications in the frame of the emerging fifth generation wireless communications. The analytical expression of the oscillation frequency is derived and validated through circuit simulations. The root‐locus analysis shows that oscillations occur only at that resonant frequency of the LC tank. Moreover, a closed‐form expression for the quality factor (Q) of the LC tank is derived which shows the enhancement of the equivalent quality factor of the LC tank due to the transformer‐coupling. Last, a phase noise analysis is reported and the analytical expressions of phase noise due to flicker and thermal noise sources are derived and validated by the results obtained through SpectreRF simulations in the Cadence design environment with a 28 nm CMOS process design kit commercially available. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The marmoset: An emerging model to unravel the evolution and development of the primate neocortex
Authors: Homman‐Ludiye Jihane , Bourne James A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThroughout evolution, the neocortex has undergone a dramatic expansion providing the substrate for increasingly complex cognitive abilities, culminating with humans. The enlargement of the neocortex did not affect its' basic organization, which is remarkably conserved from rodents to primates. The mouse has thus proven an advantageous model to decipher the molecular and cellular mechanisms supporting neocortical development. However, it is of limited benefit when studying the mechanisms leading to the inclusion of higher order association areas, which form the largest fraction of the primate neocortex. In the quest for a suitable nonhuman primate model to study the developmental mechanism of neocortical patterning and expansion, researchers focussed on the Old World macaque, routinely employed in functional and behavioral studies. However, the species has many limitations making studies difficult and/or impractical. Therefore, in the past couple of decades, the New World common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has drawn much attention and become an accepted model. The marmoset has the advantage of a smooth neocortical sheet, enabling the direct correspondence between developing cortices and the comprehensive map established for the adult, with a significant amount of cortical maturation occurring during the postnatal period. This review presents the contributions of recent marmoset studies to our understanding of the mechanisms regulating corticogenesis in a complex species, the molecular control of neocortical patterning and the sequential maturation of visual cortical areas while commenting on the future of the species in the field. Furthermore, while these new findings are relevant to developmental biology, in order to understand how new cortical areas have emerged to expand cognitive abilities, they also represent a foundation for the better understanding of developmental cognitive disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 263–272, 2017
The role of long‐term human impact on avulsion and fan development
Authors: Heyvaert Vanessa Mary An , Walstra Jan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study aims to understand (mainly qualitatively) the long‐term role of human impact on avulsion processes and the development of fluvial (mega‐) fans in semi‐arid environments. In this paper we refer to human impact as the direct influences of actions on the river's hydraulics (i.e. flow regulation, flow diversion and channel engineering). In five case‐studies drawn from the Khuzestan plains in southwest Iran we have analysed the setup and triggering conditions of specific avulsions that occurred in the past (timescale of millennia) and identified the role of human interference in their causation. Our analysis is based on the integration of historical, archaeological, geomorphological and geological data. Through this study we demonstrate that avulsions in the Khuzestan plains are the result of long‐term and complex interplay between multiple human‐induced and natural causes. In similar ways human‐induced actions may play important roles during different phases of avulsion development. The ‘success‘ of an avulsion in the post‐triggering phase may be defined by human‐induced setup causes as well as morphodynamic processes. We suggest that present‐day flood events may be partly inherited from long‐term human alterations of the natural processes. These finding could have implications for any fluvial system (e.g. distributive fluvial systems, deltas) where avulsion plays a major role in their development and research tends to emphasize on natural mechanisms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A sensory assessment of color and textural quality of refrigerated tomatoes preserved with different concentrations of potassium permanganate
Authors: Wabali Victor C. , Esiri Akpevwe , Zitte Leelee 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFreshly harvested mature tomato fruits were treated with different concentrations of potassium permanganate to evaluate their effect on color and texture of the fruits. This was to determine the degree of acceptability and shelf life of the tomatoes. Fifty grams of mature unripe tomato fruits was washed and weighed into a transparent plastic container containing different concentrations of potassium permanganate (control, 2.5 ppm, 5.0 ppm, 7.5 ppm. 10.0 ppm, 12.5 ppm, and 15.0 ppm). The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized design and replicated four times. All the treatments were refrigerated at a temperature range 14–18°C and a sensory assessment of color and textural changes was carried out through a team of selected panelists using the hedonic scale ranking to determine the degree of acceptability. Results obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance DMRT at 5% level of probability and least significant difference (LSD). Results obtained indicated that 7.5 ppm of potassium permanganate had a preservative effect on color and texture of refrigerated tomatoes. Therefore, the tomatoes were of acceptable color and texture for a period of 21 days as revealed in the result. Color quality had a mean score of 1.64 and texture ranking was 1.73 after 3 weeks of storage.