bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha transcribed by promoter 2 indicates a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cai Shao-hang , Lu Shi-xun , Liu Li-li , Zhang Chris Zhiyi , Yun Jing-ping 
Published: August 2017

Background: Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) plays an important role in tumourigenesis. There is growing evidence indicating that HNF4α transcribed by promoter 1 (P1-HNF4α) is expressed at relatively low levels in HCC and its presence predicts a favourable outcome for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the role of HNF4α transcribed by promoter 2 (P2-HNF4α) in HCC remains unclear. Methods: A total of 615 HCC specimens were obtained to construct tissue microarrays and perform immunohistochemistry. The relationship between P2-HNF4α and clinical features of HCC patients were analysed. Kaplan–Meier analysis was conducted to assess the prognostic value of P2-HNF4α. Results: The results showed that the expression of P2-HNF4α in HCC was noticeably increased in HCC tissues compared with the nontumourous tissues. In addition, P1-HNF4α expression was negatively correlated with P2-HNF4α expression ( p = 0.023). High P2-HNF4α expression was significantly associated with poor differentiation of HCC ( p = 0.002) and vascular invasion ( p = 0.017). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that P2-HNF4α expression was closely correlated with overall survival in the training group ( p = 0.01), validation group ( p = 0.034), and overall group of patients with HCC ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our data show that the role of HNF4α in cancer development needs to be further refined. P2-HNF4α, different from P1-HNF4α, is markedly upregulated and serves as an oncogene-associated protein in HCC. Our study therefore provides a promising biomarker for prognostic prediction and a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Clinical and biological characteristics of the French COBRA cohort of adult subjects with asthma
Authors: Pretolani Marina , Soussan David , Poirier Isabelle , Thabut Gabriel , Aubier Michel 
Published: August 2017

The COhort of BRonchial obstruction and Asthma (COBRA) is a longitudinal cohort that involves 12 French academic institutions. DNA, serum samples and clinical data are collected at entry and every 6 months thereafter.Of 1080 patients with asthma recruited between 2007 and 2015, 401 had mild/moderate and 613 had severe asthma. In cross-sectional analyses, compared with patients with milder disease, patients with severe asthma had more symptoms, exacerbations, hospitalisations and visits to the emergency department during the preceding 12 months, higher numbers of blood eosinophils, and more comorbidities. More than 60% of patients with severe asthma were therapy-uncontrolled at entry, and 152 of them were being treated with omalizumab. In addition, patients with asthma who had the highest eosinophilia levels (>300/mm3) had shorter asthma duration, lower lung function, and higher rates of severe exacerbations and unacceptable asthma control than patients with lower eosinophil counts.Longitudinal analyses performed in 427 patients with asthma with at least three differential blood cell counts demonstrated that both eosinophil numbers and eosinophil increase over time were associated with the number of exacerbations occurring until the next visit and with Juniper score.Studies with the COBRA cohort will help to improve knowledge concerning the risk and biological factors associated with asthma severity and to better understand their influence on the disease trajectory.
ERS statement on protracted bacterial bronchitis in children
Authors: Kantar Ahmad , Chang Anne B. , Shields Mike D. , Marchant Julie M. , Grimwood Keith , Grigg Jonathan , Priftis Kostas N. , Cutrera Renato , Midulla Fabio , Brand Paul L.P. , Everard Mark L. 
Published: August 2017

This European Respiratory Society statement provides a comprehensive overview on protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) in children. A task force of experts, consisting of clinicians from Europe and Australia who manage children with PBB determined the overall scope of this statement through consensus. Systematic reviews addressing key questions were undertaken, diagrams in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement constructed and findings of relevant studies summarised. The final content of this statement was agreed upon by all members.The current knowledge regarding PBB is presented, including the definition, microbiology data, known pathobiology, bronchoalveolar lavage findings and treatment strategies to manage these children. Evidence for the definition of PBB was sought specifically and presented. In addition, the task force identified several major clinical areas in PBB requiring further research, including collecting more prospective data to better identify the disease burden within the community, determining its natural history, a better understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms and how to optimise its treatment, with a particular requirement for randomised controlled trials to be conducted in primary care.
New insights into the materials of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Netherlandish paintings in the National Gallery, London
Authors: Spring Marika 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The long-term programme of technical examination conducted at the National Gallery, London, during cataloguing of the Netherlandish School paintings surveyed the materials and techniques of a wide range of artists, including not only Van Eyck, Van der Weyden, Bosch, Bruegel, Massys and Gossaert but also lesser known painters from the same period. The research presented in this article brings together both published and unpublished results from this project, strengthening the trends that had been emerging and bringing new insights into the development of artists’ materials over this period. A notable finding during the programme was the discovery of two paint additives—colourless powdered glass and zinc sulphate (white vitriol)—probably added as driers. The new quantitative analyses of the glass composition presented here add to those already published, and reveal that towards the end of the fifteenth century high lime–low alkali glass begins to be used. This observation holds the potential to contribute to questions about the dating of Netherlandish paintings. A smaller number of occurrences of zinc sulphate were identified suggesting that it was less common than glass as an additive, but it is nevertheless significant since it was used by a key figure in the history of oil painting, Jan van Eyck, and occasionally, where present in excess, has caused conservation problems such as drying defects in the paint. Occurrences of the unusual pigments vivianite and fluorite were identified in a few sixteenth-century works. The main changes encountered during the period, however, were the introduction of the blue pigment smalt, its instability having consequences for the current appearance of the paintings, and of a green copper mineral pigment composed of mainly copper sulphate. The latter has proved to be far more common than had been realised in the past.
Osimertinib As First-Line Treatment of EGFR Mutation–Positive Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ramalingam Suresh S. , Yang James C.-H. , Lee Chee Khoon , Kurata Takayasu , Kim Dong-Wan , John Thomas , Nogami Naoyuki , Ohe Yuichiro , Mann Helen , Rukazenkov Yuri , Ghiorghiu Serban , Stetson Daniel , Markovets Aleksandra , Barrett J. Carl , Thress Kenneth S. , Jänne Pasi A. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose The AURA study ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01802632) included two cohorts of treatment-naïve patients to examine clinical activity and safety of osimertinib (an epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR] –tyrosine kinase inhibitor selective for EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor sensitizing [ EGFRm] and EGFR T790M resistance mutations) as first-line treatment of EGFR-mutated advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Sixty treatment-naïve patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFRm NSCLC received osimertinib 80 or 160 mg once daily (30 patients per cohort). End points included investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and safety evaluation. Plasma samples were collected at or after patients experienced disease progression, as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), to investigate osimertinib resistance mechanisms. Results At data cutoff (November 1, 2016), median follow-up was 19.1 months. Overall ORR was 67% (95% CI, 47% to 83%) in the 80-mg group, 87% (95% CI, 69% to 96%) in the 160-mg group, and 77% (95% CI, 64% to 87%) across doses. Median PFS time was 22.1 months (95% CI, 13.7 to 30.2 months) in the 80-mg group, 19.3 months (95% CI, 13.7 to 26.0 months) in the 160-mg group, and 20.5 months (95% CI, 15.0 to 26.1 months) across doses. Of 38 patients with postprogression plasma samples, 50% had no detectable circulating tumor DNA. Nine of 19 patients had putative resistance mechanisms, including amplification of MET (n = 1); amplification of EGFR and KRAS (n = 1); MEK1, KRAS, or PIK3CA mutation (n = 1 each); EGFR C797S mutation (n = 2); JAK2 mutation (n = 1); and HER2 exon 20 insertion (n = 1). Acquired EGFR T790M was not detected. Conclusion Osimertinib demonstrated a robust ORR and prolonged PFS in treatment-naïve patients with EGFRm advanced NSCLC. There was no evidence of acquired EGFR T790M mutation in postprogression plasma samples.
Capacity Management in Agricultural Commodity Processing and Application in the Palm Industry
Authors: Boyabatlı Onur , Nguyen Jason , Wang Tong 
Published: August 2017

This paper examines the capacity investment decisions of a processor that uses a commodity input to produce both a commodity output and a by-product in the context of agricultural industries. We employ a multiperiod model to study the optimal one-time processing and (output) storage capacity investment decisions—in addition to the periodic processing and inventory decisions—when both input and output spot prices as well as production yield are uncertain. We characterize the optimal decisions and perform sensitivity analysis to investigate how spot price uncertainty affects the processor’s optimal capacity and profitability. Using a calibration based on the palm industry, we study (both numerically and analytically) the performance of a variety of heuristic capacity investment policies that can be used in practice. We find that if the yield uncertainty is ignored in capacity planning, then basing those plans on the average yield is preferable to basing them (as often occurs in practice) on the maximum yield. However, planning based on the average yield performs well only when the relative (processing-to-storage) capacity investment cost is high; otherwise, it leads to a significant loss of profit. We also find that ignoring spot price uncertainty in capacity planning results in a relatively small profit loss. In contrast, ignoring by-product revenue—which constitutes a small portion of total revenues—during capacity planning substantially reduces the processor’s profit. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0624 .
Eikonostasia
Authors: Manousogiannaki Lina 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
‘Eikonostasia’ is the Greek word for roadside shrines indicating death in car accidents. In this article, the evidence of these shrines in modern material culture throughout Crete is being presented. Furthermore, the author/photographer explores these particular and unique structures as well as the preservation of memory through tangible evidence of an event which has occurred on a precise moment in time. How do the images of these particular structures carry through time the ‘Barthian’, ‘punctum’ and ‘studium’? To what point photography can actually record an evolution of a social habit/tradition/tendency throughout the advancement of our civilization and turn it into evidence of a highly evolving present? How does photography, as an art, revive the original character of these structures, which have gone from public to private in the spare of 50 years?
A new vision and order of world
Authors: Boemio Camilla 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In a world of change photography is one of most interesting art mediums for analysis, contrast and social metamorphosis. In my research the political view discovered a new order in which was lost a certain idea of Italy, as well as lost innocence; in this article I dwell on the different series of two Italian photographers – Francesco Jodice and GianLuca Perrone – in which I focus on the macro areas of change, and the micro areas in which traditions and a precise idea of this country lost his face for an image of Paolo Sorrentino’s masterpiece La grande Bellezza. Before an analysis of the Italians photographic series of works, I explore the general topic of ‘evidence’ remembering Sascha Weidner; a romantically inclined traveller, restless, as though greeting the world for the first time with the strongest cry. Like an eccentric setting in Joe R. Lansdale’s novel, Drive-In, we are the co-stars in a convulsive world where trauma and decadence are not the exception in the collection, a recording or in a display of evidence.
Anti-EU and Anti-LGBT Attitudes in Poland: Considering Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence
Authors: Chojnicka Joanna 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate anti-EU and anti- LGBT attitudes in Poland on the basis of quantitative evidence (statistical data) and qualitative evidence (discourse analysis of statements expressed on the Internet). As Euroscepticism seems to frequently appear in conjunction with prejudice against LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual or transgender) persons, the task of this article is to find out whether they may have a common foundation and what it may be.
A possible answer, as the article argues, is that both attitudes could be considered symptoms of a deeper, more wide-ranging and fundamental problem-a fear, tension, or anxiety caused by social change, especially the fragmentation of dominant collective (national) identity. The case for such an interpretation of the situation is first made on the basis of existing academic literature and statistical data provided by Eurobarometer and the Polish Public Opinion Research Centre (Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej, CBOS). However, as the text further argues, such quantitative methods have their limitations and should be supported and illustrated with qualitative studies. The article thus proposes an alternative discourse-oriented approach, namely critical discourse analysis (CDA). This approach is used to conduct an introductory, presentational analysis of some examples of anti-EU and anti-LGBT discourse found on the Internet.
This analysis shows that sexual minorities represent values so strange and foreign to Polish conservatives that they can only be conceptualized as something imposed by the power which is both new and distant-by Brussels. And the other way round, the European Union’s liberalism and espousal of human rights, including women’s and LGBT rights, makes it impossible for the conservative parts of the Polish society to accept a “European identity”. This means that Euroscepticism and LGBT prejudice are not just occasionally, coincidentally connected expressions of an underlying resistance to change, but that a closer relationship exists between them. Namely, the conservative reluctance or hostility towards both the EU and LGBT is caused by their incompatibility with the patriotic and religious national identity construction.
Varieties of Capitalism and Fiscal Stimulus, 2008–2010
Authors: Toloudis Nicholas 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This paper tests the Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) framework to explain variation in fiscal stimulus measures across OECD countries in response to the 2008-2010 economic crisis. Following Soskice (2007), I argue that coordinated market economies are less flexible with fiscal policy than liberal market economies. Multivariate analysis across 23 OECD countries demonstrates that VoC is more powerful than three competing theories: fiscal institutions, which hypothesizes more stimulus in countries with less restrictive budgetary rules; debt credibility, which hypothesizes more stimulus in less indebted countries; and political partisanship, which hypothesizes more stimulus in countries governed by the left.
Norms and Care Relationships in Transnational Families: The Case of Elderly Parents Left Behind in Lithuania
Authors: Gedvilaitė-Kordušienė Margarita 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In the context of high migration rates and limited formal care support for the elderly the paper deals with normative expectations and actual flows of support in Lithuanian transnational families. The study is based on a representative survey of elderly parents who have at least one migrant child (N=305). The data analysis revealed predominance of familistic attitudes towards filial responsibilities in transnational families. We did not find any significant differences in filial expectations between the two types of transnational families (elderly parents having only migrant children and those with both migrant and non-migrant children). High expectations of elderly parents are not being met in regards to face-to-face and virtual contacts with migrant adult children. The differences in provided/ received emotional support between migrant and non-migrant children were insignificant. However, the data revealed significant differences in provided/received financial support between migrant and non-migrant children.
The Last Habitual Residence of the Deceased as the Principal Connecting Factor in the Context of the Succession Regulation (650/2012)
Authors: Atallah Max 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The objective of this study was to gather information about the last habitual residence (LHR) of the deceased in the context of the upcoming EU Succession Regulation. In addition, the aim was to analyze the adequacy of the legally undefined LHR as the principal connecting factor in cross-border succession within the EU. This study was carried out as a part of a bachelor thesis conducted on the same subject. The data were collected from relevant jurisprudence, international law, national acts, the EU published materials and case law. These results suggest that the legally undefined LHR is an unstable connecting factor for the purposes of the Succession Regulation, since it cannot guarantee sufficient legal certainty, and hence, the EU citizens are not able to fully utilize their right to free movement. The findings indicate that there might be a need to amend a legal definition for the LHR, not only for the EU Member States to be able to apply the concept in an harmonized way, but also for the EU citizens to know whether they are considered habitually resident in a state or not.
How Far Can Citizens Influence the Decision-Making Process? Analysis of the Effectiveness of Referenda in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary in 1989–2015
Authors: Kużelewska Elżbieta 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article explores the political role of a referendum in Central European countries, in particular in Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. In this article, political effectiveness is understood as a possibility to influence the decision-making process by citizens through a referendum. The transformation of political systems in Central European states from socialist/communist to democratic ones resulted in increasing interest in the notion of referendum, one of the common forms of direct democracy. However, most referenda have been abused for political purposes. The focus of this article is a referendum used at the national level. This study examines the use of a referendum in Central European states from 1989 to 2015. The database presents, country by country, the subject matter of voting, people’s participation and the results in order to show the citizens’ opportunity (or lack of it) to express their opinions and to contribute to policy-making by circumventing the standard legislative process. The aim of this paper is to analyze referenda in the selected countries and to verify two hypotheses. Firstly, the weak use of a referendum and a small size of complementation of representative democracy. Secondly, the citizens’ belief in a referendum as an element of communication and consultation between authorities and society.
Breaking in and busting out: cell-penetrating peptides and the endosomal escape problem
Authors: LeCher Julia C. , Nowak Scott J. , McMurry Jonathan L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have long held great promise for the manipulation of living cells for therapeutic and research purposes. They allow a wide array of biomolecules from large, oligomeric proteins to nucleic acids and small molecules to rapidly and efficiently traverse cytoplasmic membranes. With few exceptions, if a molecule can be associated with a CPP, it can be delivered into a cell. However, a growing realization in the field is that CPP-cargo fusions largely remain trapped in endosomes and are eventually targeted for degradation or recycling rather than released into the cytoplasm or trafficked to a desired subcellular destination. This ‘endosomal escape problem’ has confounded efforts to develop CPP-based delivery methods for drugs, enzymes, plasmids, etc. This review provides a brief history of CPP research and discusses current issues in the field with a primary focus on the endosomal escape problem, for which several promising potential solutions have been developed. Are we on the verge of developing technologies to deliver therapeutics such as siRNA, CRISPR/Cas complexes and others that are currently failing because of an inability to get into cells, or are we just chasing after another promising but unworkable technology? We make the case for optimism.
Time and age dependent decrease of NT-proBNP after septal myectomy in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cui Hao , Wu Xi , Wang Shuiyun , Tang Bing , Zhu Changsheng , Chen Haibo , Zhou Xiaohui , Wu Rong , Yu Qinjun , Huang Xiaohong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground:NT-proBNP level is a predictive factor in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients, in which left ventricular outflow tract obstruction contributes to an increased NT-proBNP level. However, studies regarding the influence of septal myectomy on NT-proBNP level in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy are lacking.Methods:One hundred and eighty-two patients who underwent septal myectomy in Fuwai Hospital from May 2011 to March 2016 and were included in the present study. Preoperative and follow-up NT-proBNP was retrospectively collected. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the factors affecting preoperative NT-proBNP and postoperative decrease.Results:The cohort had a median age of 46.2 [IQR: 36.5–53.1] years, and 106 (58.2%) patients were male. NT-proBNP decreased to 816.5 [IQR: 400.3–1661.8] pg/mL from preoperative 1732.4 [IQR: 819–3296.5] pg/mL (p<0.001). Baseline NT-proBNP was correlated with gender (p<0.001), maximum septal thickness (p<0.001), and resting pressure gradient (p=0.006). The extent of NT-proBNP decrease was positively correlated with age (p<0.001), baseline NT-proBNP (p<0.001), follow-up time (p=0.020), and enlargement of the ascending aorta (p=0.019). NT-proBNP exhibited a persistent decrease after myectomy.Conclusions:Myectomy significantly reduced NT-proBNP level in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy patients, in which a time-dependent manner of decrease indicated myocardial remodeling of the heart after myectomy.