bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbamates are not cardio mate
Authors: Ebrahim Ahmed , Alessai Galal , Jaafar Rana , Hoffman Robert , Pathan Sameer 
Published: May 2017

Introduction: The mechanism for carbamate toxicity is reversible cholinesterase inhibition, which leads to accumulation of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.1 The cardiac manifestations of carbamate toxicity are rare. We report a case of carbamate toxicity with atrial fibrillation as the cardiac manifestation.

Case presentation: A 28-year-old patient, previously healthy, presented to the ED complaining of diplopia, dizziness, palpitation, and one episode of vomiting. The symptoms began two hours before when he was spraying pesticide at a farm. According to the patient he sprayed 9 liters of pesticide over a short period of two hours. The patient was not using any personal protective equipment. The pesticide used was later identified as Lannate, which contain Methomyl (carbamate). On examination, a chemical odor was noted. His initial vital signs were normal except heart rate of 134/min. The patient was decontaminated in the decontamination room to avoid further exposure. He had constricted pupils of 2 mm. There were no other signs of organophosphate or carbamate toxicity. His initial ECG showed atrial fibrillation (AF) with fast ventricular response rate. The pseudo-cholinesterase level was. The toxicology service was consulted, and they advised not to start antidote treatment only for the AF, as other signs and symptoms were absent. The cardiology on call assessed the patient and started amiodarone infusion presuming new onset of AF. The patient's rhythm reverted back to sinus 12-hour post-presentation. He was discharged next day with a diagnosis of paroxysmal AF secondary to carbamate poisoning.

Discussion: AF in carbamate toxicity is rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature.2,3 It is postulated that, enhanced nicotinic activity stimulates postganglionic sympathetic terminals and produces a dramatic release of norepinephrine.4 Norepinephrine mediates its arrhythmogenic effects by increasing automaticity of cardiac cells and by decreasing the cardiac muscle fibrillatory threshold.5
Class smoke-free pledge impacts on nicotine dependence in male adolescents: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Al-Sheyab Nihaya , Alomari Mahmoud A , Shah Smita , Gallagher Robyn 
Published: May 2017

Background: To test the effectiveness of a school-based, peer-led smoking and asthma education program, known as the Triple A (Adolescent Asthma Action) in Jordan (TAJ), with an additional class smoke-free pledge strategy (TAJ-Plus) as compared to the TAJ alone on smoking-related knowledge and perception, nicotine dependence, and asthma control in male high school students in Jordan four months post-intervention.

Methods: In this cluster-randomized controlled trial, four public male high schools in Irbid, Jordan were randomly assigned to receive the TAJ-Plus (n = 215) or the TAJ (n = 218). TAJ educators were 3rd year male undergraduate nursing students (n = 9) who received training in a one-day workshop. These educators then trained senior students from the four schools to be Peer Leaders (n = 53), who then taught peers in grades 7 and 8 (n = 433). The Peer Leaders in the TAJ-Plus schools implemented the smoke-free pledge within the 7th and 8th graders, who voluntarily signed the pledge for four months. Data were collected from students in grades 7 and 8 using self-administered questionnaires at baseline and four months post-intervention.

Results: Students from the TAJ-Plus group reported significant improvements in smoking-related knowledge and perception (p < 0.001) and lower nicotine dependence (p < 0.001) as compared to the TAJ group. Improvement in asthma control was greater (p = 0.03) in non-smokers versus smokers.

Conclusions: Voluntary group commitment smoke-free through a pledge is feasible, and an incentive to motivate adolescents to abstain from smoking. Using social influences approaches in schools is useful in countering current aggressive tobacco marketing campaigns in Arab youth. TRN: NCT01938976
Does knowing hands only CPR improve willingness to use it?
Authors: Kakish Edward , Debelly Jessica M , Bahhur Nael L , Kazan Viviane M 
Published: May 2017

Background: Approximately 1,000 U.S. citizens suffer from sudden cardiac arrest daily outside of the hospital setting. Providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves survival if appropriately administered; however, many are resistant to initiate mouth to mouth. Hands only CPR (HOCPR) was developed by the American Heart Association to improve technique retention and increase the willingness to administer CPR.

Methods: Participants watched a teaching video from the American Heart Association, followed by a mannequin demonstration. Participants then filled out a survey immediately after practicing HOCPR on the mannequin and at one month.

Results: 75 Subjects received HOCPR training and completed a survey and 44 (59%) of the subjects completed a one month follow-up survey. The initial survey revealed that 100% (n = 75) were able to correctly recall the HOCPR process and 79% (n = 59) were very likely to provide HOCPR to a person suffering from a cardiac episode. 76% (n = 57) were more willing to assist a person in need as a result of not having to provide breathes to the person in need. At the one month follow-up, 100% (n = 59) of the respondents remembered the order of steps and 73% (n = 32) were willing to provide HOCPR since no rescue breathing was required. After learning the material, 15% (n = 11) of the participants tried to teach their family and friends about HOCPR.

Conclusion: HOCPR is a simple method which the average person is able to recall after a brief training in proper technique. Subjects were more willing to provide HOCPR and teach family and friends.
Diagnostic value of procalcitonin and other related inflammatory markers for severe sepsis and septic shock: A single tertiary center experience
Authors: Elzo Abdel-Naser , George Saibu , Thomas Merlin , Rafiqui Sumaira , Desouza Karen , Al-Maslamani Muna 
Published: May 2017

Background/objective: Several inflammatory biomarkers of infection including procalcitonin (PCT) and C – reactive protein (CRP) have been shown to be useful in diagnosis of infection in different clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of serum PCT, CRP and White Blood Cells (WBC) as markers of sepsis in critically ill patients in Qatar.

Materials and methods: The PCT levels and other related inflammatory markers (CRP and WBC) were measured in 137 adult patients with a suspected diagnosis of sepsis and admitted to Internal Medicine inpatient service (i.e., Medical Wards and Medical Intensive Care Unit) at Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation-Qatar during the period from January 2011 to December 2013.

Results: The serum PCT was measured by chemoluminiscence immunoassay and the results were compared with other inflammatory markers between the patients with and without proven sepsis. A significantly higher PCT level was observed among patients with severe sepsis and septic shock compared to those without sepsis (19.34 ± 50 and 25.91 ± 61.3 vs. 4.72 ± 10, respectively; (p = 0.011). No significant differences were found in CRP and WBC between these groups. Non-survivors of both septic and non-septic groups had a mean PCT level of 22.48 ± 8.26 significantly higher than that measured in survivors of both groups (p = 0.01), a difference not evident in other inflammatory parameters.

Conclusion: PCT is a highly efficient inflammatory laboratory parameter for the diagnosis of severe sepsis and septic shock but WBC and CRP levels were of little value. PCT value assists in diagnosis of septic shock hence supporting appropriate disposition of patients. Levels of PCT also have prognostic implications with regards to mortality suggesting intensification of antibiotic therapy and supportive measures including appropriate family counseling.
Evaluation of multiple trauma patients presenting to Emergency Department at Al Wakra Hospital
Authors: Osman Hanaa Ahmed Abdelrahman , Abdelazia Hany , Gouily Ahmed , Kasim Muayad 
Published: May 2017

Background: Multiple trauma patients are evaluated and managed by the Emergency Department (ED) in Al Wakra. The assessment, management, and disposition of this population have become a significant workload component. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trauma service at Al Wakra ED.

Methods: In our study, we aimed to collect data on the trauma patients, admitted between July 2014 and October 2015, who presented to the ED, at Al Wakra Hospital, and then transferred to the major trauma unit at Hamad General Hospital (HGH), Doha, if further subspecialty management was needed. The data analyzed was for demographic characteristics, triage categories, and need for transfer to the level one trauma center for further management.

Results: Total of 59 patients with multiple trauma were admitted to Al Wakra ED, with mean age of 28 ± 19 years. Of these 91% were male. Based on the trauma severity, majority of the cases were level 2 trauma (92.73%), while trauma level 1 and trauma level 3 were (5.45%) and (1.82%) respectively. The most frequent anatomical type was head trauma (62.71%) followed by extremities trauma (33.9%). Other types included chest trauma (23.73%), spinal trauma (18.64%) and abdominal trauma (15.25%). The most common consultation services requiring transfer to level trauma center at HGH, were the neurosurgery (59.32 %) followed by the orthopedics (33.9%). It was found that 61.2% of the patients were admitted. The mean length of stay (LOS) was 8.35 days, while the median LOS was 4 days.

Conclusions: The Emergency Department at Al Wakra Hospital was able to receive and do the initial stabilization of multi-trauma patients. However, lack of certain sub-specialties mainly neurosurgery required transfer of two thirds of the patients to level one trauma center for further management. This may point to the future need of implementing neurosurgery services at Al Wakra Hospital.
La teoría del valor trabajo y los precios en China
Authors: Sánchez César , Montibeler Everlan Elias 
Published: May 2017

El presente trabajo muestra la fuerte relación entre valores y precios en China con los datos de 2002. Además de mostrar esta relación con medidas de asociación como el coeficiente de correlación y determinación, se complementa el estudio con medidas de proximidad como la desviación absoluta media simple y ponderada, etc. Además se realiza un análisis simple de regresión entre los diferentes tipos de precios y se efectúa una estimación de las variables fundamentales para la economía oriental: tasa de beneficio, tasa de plusvalía, composición de capital simple y verticalmente integrada. Se concluye, en línea a otros trabajos que, el trabajo como requerimientos de trabajo directo e indirecto, explica prácticamente el 97% del movimiento de los precios de mercado, además, la tasa de beneficio de China parece mostrar en 2002 un nivel comparativamente mayor a países como España. China ha crecido su PIB en términos reales sobre el 8%, esta buena salud parece tener una sincronía con los niveles de su rentabilidad en esos años.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 133, 2012: 399-410
O processo de socialização do Conselho Sul-americano sobre o Problema Mundial das Drogas
Authors: Castro Helena Salim 
Published: May 2017

<p>O Conselho Sul-Americano para o Problema Mundial das Drogas (CSPMD) emerge como um mecanismo de cooperação para o enfrentamento do problema das drogas na região. Este trabalho se propôs a analisar quais foram os mecanismos que permitiram e incentivaram os países da América do Sul a participarem deste Conselho. </p>
O México olha para a América Latina e para a Ásia: novos desafios, nova estratégia?
Authors: Franzoni Marcela , Carvalho Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de 
Published: May 2017

<p>As iniciativas mexicanas de reaproximação com a América Latina e de reposicionamento frente à China, motivadas por mudanças no cenário internacional e por dificuldades internas, têm gerado resultados fracos até aqui. A diplomacia econômica mexicana continua focada principalmente nos Estados Unidos e na OCDE. </p>
A multi-ethnic metropolis: representations of Marseille
Authors: McGonagle Joseph 
Published: May 2017

By considering a range of different works from across contemporary visual culture, this chapter explores in detail how Marseille – and the ethnicities of its inhabitants – has been represented since the 1980s. It assesses the extent to which case studies taken from auteur and popular cinema, photography and television soap opera both conform with – and deviate from – traditional visions of this Mediterranean metropolis. It argues that Marseille has increasingly been deployed as a means by which to showcase ethnic diversity in contemporary France and French visual culture.
No significant difference between Australian heat wave impacts of Modoki and eastern Pacific El Niño
Authors: Loughran Tammas F. , Perkins‐Kirkpatrick Sarah E. , Alexander Lisa V. , Pitman Andrew J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe influence of two El Niño types on the frequency of summer heat wave days in Australia is investigated using both observations and an atmospheric climate model. The two basic spatial variants of El Niño are the traditional warming in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EP) and the Modoki variant that has its largest warming in the central equatorial Pacific. While impacts of Modoki El Niño on Australian precipitation can be quite distinct from EP El Niño, the impact on heat waves is still unknown. Using a set of ensemble simulations, we compare the influence of Modoki and EP sea surface temperature forcing on Australian heat waves. We find that there is minimal difference between the impact of Modoki and EP El Niños on heat waves over Australia, which implies that future studies on heat wave variability need not differentiate the two.
Cooling, exhumation, and kinematics of the Kanchenjunga Himal, far east Nepal
Authors: Larson Kyle P. , Camacho Alfredo , Cottle John M. , Coutand Isabelle , Buckingham Heather M. , Ambrose Tyler K. , Rai Santa Man 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNew single crystal 40Ar/39Ar and apatite fission track ages from the Kanchenjunga region of far east Nepal yield insight into the timing of assembly of the Himalayan midcrust and the mechanisms that controlled its exhumation. The 40Ar/39Ar data are compared with new U(Th)/Pb zircon and monazite intrusive crystallization ages and existing metamorphic monazite ages from across the study area to test for internal consistency and potential excess Ar contributions. This new data set, which significantly enhances the density and spatial coverage available from the region, shows that inferred thrust‐sense discontinuities within the now‐exhumed former midcrustal rocks exposed therein must have ceased motion by ~12 Ma. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of ages across the Kanchenjunga region, older ages (~12–16 Ma) to the south and north and younger ages (~8 Ma) in the middle portion of the transect, is compatible with simulations of tectonic‐enhanced exhumation above a developing duplex system in nearby Bhutan.
Maternal occupational physical activity and risk for orofacial clefts
Authors: Agopian A. J. , Kim Jihye , Langlois Peter H. , Lee Laura , Whitehead Lawrence W. , Symanski Elaine , Herdt Michele L. , Delclos George L. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesTo perform a case‐control study of maternal occupational physical activity and risk for orofacial clefts in Texas during 1999‐2009.MethodsWe used logistic regression to assess 14 measures of physical activity estimated from a job exposure matrix, using the maternal occupation reported on the birth certificate, among 887 children with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP), 436 children with cleft palate only (CP), and 1932 controls.ResultsAfter adjusting for several potential confounders, seven measures of physical activity (as a categorical and/or continuous variable) were significantly associated with CLP, CP, or both. Positive associations were seen for keeping balance, kneeling, standing, and walking/running (odds ratio 95% confidence interval range 1.0‐1.9 for fourth versus first quartile). A significant positive trend was also seen for bending/twisting. Negative associations were seen for repetitive motion and sitting.ConclusionsMaternal occupational physical activity may be related to the etiology of orofacial clefts.
A Bifunctional Hybrid Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution: Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles Strongly Coupled to B,N‐Decorated Graphene
Authors: Tong Yun , Chen Pengzuo , Zhou Tianpei , Xu Kun , Chu Wangsheng , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe electrocatalyzed oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER, respectively) are the core components of many energy conversion systems, including water splitting, fuel cells, and metal–air batteries. Rational design of highly efficient non‐noble materials as bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysts is of great importance for large‐scale practical applications. A new strongly coupled hybrid material is presented, which comprises CoOx nanoparticles rich in oxygen vacancies grown on B,N‐decorated graphene (CoOx NPs/BNG) and operates as an efficient bifunctional OER/ORR electrocatalyst. Advanced spectroscopic techniques were used to confirm formation of abundant oxygen vacancies and strong Co−N−C bridging bonds within the CoOx NPs/BNG hybrid. Surprisingly, the CoOx NPs/BNG hybrid electrocatalyst is highly efficient for the OER with a low overpotential and Tafel slope, and is active in the ORR with a positive half‐wave potential and high limiting current density in alkaline medium.
Tris(perfluortolyl)boran – eine Bor‐Lewis‐Supersäure
Authors: Körte Leif A. , Schwabedissen Jan , Soffner Marcel , Blomeyer Sebastian , Reuter Christian G. , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTris[tetrafluor‐4‐(trifluormethyl)phenyl]boran (BTolF) wurde durch Reaktion von Bortribromid mit tetramerem F3CC6F4‐CuI hergestellt. Letzteres wurde aus F3CC6F4MgBr und Kupfer(I)‐bromid erzeugt. Die mittels der Gutmann‐Beckett‐Methode gemessenen und aus berechneten Fluoridionenaffinitäten abgeschätzte Lewis‐Aciditäten von BTolF sind 9 bzw. 10 % höher als die von Tris(pentafluorphenyl)boran (BCF) und sogar höher als die von SbF5. Die Molekülstrukturen von BTolF und BCF wurden mithilfe von Elektronenbeugung in der Gasphase, die von BTolF auch mittels Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt.
A Long‐Life Lithium–Air Battery in Ambient Air with a Polymer Electrolyte Containing a Redox Mediator
Authors: Guo Ziyang , Li Chao , Liu Jingyuan , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLithium–air batteries when operated in ambient air generally exhibit poor reversibility and cyclability, because of the Li passivation and Li2O2/LiOH/Li2CO3 accumulation in the air electrode. Herein, we present a Li–air battery supported by a polymer electrolyte containing 0.05 m LiI, in which the polymer electrolyte efficiently alleviates the Li passivation induced by attacking air. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that I−/I2 conversion in polymer electrolyte acts as a redox mediator that facilitates electrochemical decomposition of the discharge products during recharge process. As a result, the Li–air battery can be stably cycled 400 times in ambient air (relative humidity of 15 %), which is much better than previous reports. The achievement offers a hope to develop the Li–air battery that can be operated in ambient air.
Biofunctional Microgel‐Based Fertilizers for Controlled Foliar Delivery of Nutrients to Plants
Authors: Meurer Richard A. , Kemper Steffen , Knopp Sandra , Eichert Thomas , Jakob Felix , Goldbach Heiner E. , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Pich Andrij 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFoliar application of micronutrients (e.g. Fe3+) onto plants over an extended time is challenging and often not possible due to insufficient rainfastness. Smart delivery systems which enable micronutrient release over several weeks would offer innovative and sustainable options to improve plant health and food production. Herein, we report a novel foliar fertilizer delivery system based on functional pH‐responsive biohybrid microgels that have orthogonal functionality as carriers of micronutrients and employ peptides (termed anchor peptides) as foliar adhesion promoters. The anchor peptides bind to hydrophobic surfaces and the waxy “islands” of plant leaves. Our system requires no auxiliaries and is loadable, storable, and applicable from aqueous dispersion. We report the synthesis and functionalization of microgels, their loading with Fe3+ ions, and a proof of concept for the biofunctional microgel‐based fertilizer system is demonstrated for iron‐deficient cucumber plants.
Tris(perfluorotolyl)borane—A Boron Lewis Superacid
Authors: Körte Leif A. , Schwabedissen Jan , Soffner Marcel , Blomeyer Sebastian , Reuter Christian G. , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTris[tetrafluoro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borane (BTolF) was prepared by treating boron tribromide with tetrameric F3CC6F4‐CuI. The F3CC6F4‐CuI was generated from F3CC6F4MgBr and copper(I) bromide. Lewis acidities of BTolF evaluated by the Gutmann–Beckett method and calculated fluoride‐ion affinities are 9 and 10 %, respectively, higher than that of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) and even higher than that of SbF5. The molecular structures of BTolF and BCF were determined by gas‐phase electron diffraction, that of BTolF also by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Toward a better understanding of the emulsion polymerization of butadiene. I. Continuous conductivity measurements
Authors: Fadaee Mohammad Mahdi , Farshchi Tabrizi Farshad 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTContinuous conductivity measurements were performed during the batch emulsion polymerization of butadiene along with kinetic and particle size measurements. The critical monomer conversion was obtained around 55% and the rate of polymerization was correlated to the surfactant concentration with an exponent of 0.35 which was not in agreement with the exponent offered by Smith and Ewart. In addition, the evolution of some particle‐related quantities such as particle size and number of particles during the three intervals of the emulsion polymerization and their agreements with Smith‐Ewart mechanism were investigated. The behavior of conductivity in the emulsion polymerization of butadiene normally containing a buffering agent was found to be completely different from the unbuffered one. Comparison of the conductivity profiles with the kinetic and particle‐related quantities represented that the conductivity of the reaction mixture is very sensitive to the changes in the particle size so that any small change in the forms of nucleation, growth, and coagulation is clearly observed in the conductivity profiles. Furthermore, the conductimetric data are capable of determining some important points during the polymerization such as the beginning of the reaction that can be important from the industrial process control point of view. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 45262.