bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human neural stem cells derived from fetal human brain communicate with each other and rescue ischemic neuronal cells through tunneling nanotubes
Authors: Capobianco D. L. , De Zio R. , Profico D. C. , Gelati M. , Simone L. , D’Erchia A. M. , Di Palma F. , Mormone E. , Bernardi P. , Sbarbati A. , Gerbino A. , Pesole G. , Vescovi A. L. , Svelto M. , Pisani F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPre-clinical trials have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of transplanted human neural stem cells (hNSCs) during the post-ischemic phase. However, the exact neuroprotective mechanism remains unclear. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are long plasma membrane bridges that physically connect distant cells, enabling the intercellular transfer of mitochondria and contributing to post-ischemic repair processes. Whether hNSCs communicate through TNTs and their role in post-ischemic neuroprotection remains unknown. In this study, non-immortalized hNSC lines derived from fetal human brain tissues were examined to explore these possibilities and assess the post-ischemic neuroprotection potential of these hNSCs. Using Tau-STED super-resolution confocal microscopy, live cell time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, and direct or non-contact homotypic co-cultures, we demonstrated that hNSCs generate nestin-positive TNTs in both 3D neurospheres and 2D cultures, through which they transfer functional mitochondria. Co-culturing hNSCs with differentiated SH-SY5Y (dSH-SY5Y) revealed heterotypic TNTs allowing mitochondrial transfer from hNSCs to dSH-SY5Y. To investigate the role of heterotypic TNTs in post-ischemic neuroprotection, dSH-SY5Y were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) with or without hNSCs in direct or non-contact co-cultures. Compared to normoxia, OGD/R dSH-SY5Y became apoptotic with impaired electrical activity. When OGD/R dSH-SY5Y were co-cultured in direct contact with hNSCs, heterotypic TNTs enabled the transfer of functional mitochondria from hNSCs to OGD/R dSH-SY5Y, rescuing them from apoptosis and restoring the bioelectrical profile toward normoxic dSH-SY5Y. This complete neuroprotection did not occur in the non-contact co-culture. In summary, our data reveal the presence of a functional TNTs network containing nestin within hNSCs, demonstrate the involvement of TNTs in post-ischemic neuroprotection mediated by hNSCs, and highlight the strong efficacy of our hNSC lines in post-ischemic neuroprotection.
Outer membrane protein assembly mediated by BAM-SurA complexes
Authors: Fenn Katherine L. , Horne Jim E. , Crossley Joel A. , Böhringer Nils , Horne Romany J. , Schäberle Till F. , Calabrese Antonio N. , Radford Sheena E. , Ranson Neil A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe outer membrane is a formidable barrier that protects Gram-negative bacteria against environmental threats. Its integrity requires the correct folding and insertion of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) by the membrane-embedded β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM). Unfolded OMPs are delivered to BAM by the periplasmic chaperone SurA, but how SurA and BAM work together to ensure successful OMP delivery and folding remains unclear. Here, guided by AlphaFold2 models, we use disulphide bond engineering in an attempt to trap SurA in the act of OMP delivery to BAM, and solve cryoEM structures of a series of complexes. The results suggest that SurA binds BAM at its soluble POTRA-1 domain, which may trigger conformational changes in both BAM and SurA that enable transfer of the unfolded OMP to the BAM lateral gate for insertion into the outer membrane. Mutations that disrupt the interaction between BAM and SurA result in outer membrane assembly defects, supporting the key role of SurA in outer membrane biogenesis.
A tunable transition metal dichalcogenide entangled photon-pair source
Authors: Weissflog Maximilian A. , Fedotova Anna , Tang Yilin , Santos Elkin A. , Laudert Benjamin , Shinde Saniya , Abtahi Fatemeh , Afsharnia Mina , Pérez Pérez Inmaculada , Ritter Sebastian , Qin Hao , Janousek Jiri , Shradha Sai , Staude Isabelle , Saravi Sina , Pertsch Thomas , Setzpfandt Frank , Lu Yuerui , Eilenberger Falk 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEntangled photon-pair sources are at the core of quantum applications like quantum key distribution, sensing, and imaging. Operation in space-limited and adverse environments such as in satellite-based and mobile communication requires robust entanglement sources with minimal size and weight requirements. Here, we meet this challenge by realizing a cubic micrometer scale entangled photon-pair source in a 3R-stacked transition metal dichalcogenide crystal. Its crystal symmetry enables the generation of polarization-entangled Bell states without additional components and provides tunability by simple control of the pump polarization. Remarkably, generation rate and state tuning are decoupled, leading to equal generation efficiency and no loss of entanglement. Combining transition metal dichalcogenides with monolithic cavities and integrated photonic circuitry or using quasi-phasematching opens the gate towards ultrasmall and scalable quantum devices.
Small signal analysis for the characterization of organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Kim Youngseok , Kimpel Joost , Giovannitti Alexander , Müller Christian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA method for the characterization of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on small signal analysis is presented that allows to determine the electronic mobility as a function of continuous gate potential using a standard two-channel AC potentiostat. Vector analysis in the frequency domain allows to exclude parasitic components in both ionic and electronic conduction regardless of film thickness, thus resulting in a standard deviation as low as 4%. Besides the electronic mobility, small signal analysis of OECTs also provides information about a wide range of other parameters including the conductance, transconductance, conductivity and volumetric capacitance through a single measurement. General applicability of small signal analysis is demonstrated by characterizing devices based on n-type, p-type, and ambipolar materials operating in accumulation or depletion modes. Accurate benchmarking of organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors through small signal analysis can be anticipated to guide both materials development and the design of bioelectronic devices.
Suppression of ferroptosis by vitamin A or radical-trapping antioxidants is essential for neuronal development
Authors: Tschuck Juliane , Padmanabhan Nair Vidya , Galhoz Ana , Zaratiegui Carole , Tai Hin-Man , Ciceri Gabriele , Rothenaigner Ina , Tchieu Jason , Stockwell Brent R. , Studer Lorenz , Cabianca Daphne S. , Menden Michael P. , Vincendeau Michelle , Hadian Kamyar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe development of functional neurons is a complex orchestration of multiple signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and differentiation. Because the balance of antioxidants is important for neuronal survival and development, we hypothesized that ferroptosis must be suppressed to gain neurons. We find that removal of antioxidants diminishes neuronal development and laminar organization of cortical organoids, which is fully restored when ferroptosis is inhibited by ferrostatin-1 or when neuronal differentiation occurs in the presence of vitamin A. Furthermore, iron-overload-induced developmental growth defects in C. elegans are ameliorated by vitamin E and A. We determine that all-trans retinoic acid activates the Retinoic Acid Receptor, which orchestrates the expression of anti-ferroptotic genes. In contrast, retinal and retinol show radical-trapping antioxidant activity. Together, our study reveals an unexpected function of vitamin A in coordinating the expression of essential cellular gatekeepers of ferroptosis, and demonstrates that suppression of ferroptosis by radical-trapping antioxidants or by vitamin A is required to obtain mature neurons and proper laminar organization in cortical organoids.
Nucleocapsids of the Rift Valley fever virus ambisense S segment contain an exposed RNA element in the center that overlaps with the intergenic region
Authors: Shalamova Lyudmila , Barth Patrick , Pickin Matthew J. , Kouti Kiriaki , Ott Benjamin , Humpert Katharina , Janssen Stefan , Lorenzo Gema , Brun Alejandro , Goesmann Alexander , Hain Torsten , Hartmann Roland K. , Rossbach Oliver , Weber Friedemann 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen. Its RNA genome consists of two negative-sense segments (L and M) with one gene each, and one ambisense segment (S) with two opposing genes separated by the noncoding “intergenic region” (IGR). These vRNAs and the complementary cRNAs are encapsidated by nucleoprotein (N). Using iCLIP2 (individual-nucleotide resolution UV crosslinking and immunoprecipitation) to map all N-vRNA and N-cRNA interactions, we detect N coverage along the L and M segments. However, the S segment vRNA and cRNA each contain approximately 100 non-encapsidated nucleotides stretching from the IGR into the 5’-adjacent reading frame. These exposed regions are RNase-sensitive and predicted to form stem-loop structures with the mRNA transcription termination motif positioned near the top. Moreover, optimal S segment transcription and replication requires the entire exposed region rather than only the IGR. Thus, the RVFV S segment contains a central, non-encapsidated RNA region with a functional role.
Investigating Task Persistence in Preschool Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Formanek Madison , Spaulding Tammie J. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The present study was designed to investigate persistence in preschool children with developmental language disorder (DLD) compared to similar-age peers with typical language (TL) on tasks designed to be moderately challenging, yet equivalent in difficulty for both groups.

Method:
Sixteen preschool-age children with DLD were matched to 16 children with TL based on chronological age, biological sex, and maternal education. The children completed two play-based tasks that were designed to elicit some success but impossible to complete. Task persistence was measured by the total time spent attempting to complete each unachievable task.

Results:
Despite equivalent task difficulty for both groups, the children with DLD exhibited less persistence than the TL group. This reduced persistence behavior on the part of the DLD group was a generalized and not a task-specific response.

Conclusions:
Despite experiencing the same degree of success on moderately challenging play-based tasks, the children in the DLD group exhibited reduced task persistence relative to the TL group. Potential implications for reduced persistence for children with DLD are discussed.
Investigating the combined effects of β-sitosterol and biochar on nutritional value and drought tolerance in Phaseolus vulgaris under drought stress
Authors: Fakhr Marwa A. , Abu-Elsaoud Abdelghafar M. , Alharbi Khadiga , Zia-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Usman Muhammad , Soliman Mona H. 
Published: September 2024

Climate change-induced drought stress decreases crop productivity, but the application of β-sitosterol (BS) and biochar (BC) boosts crop growth and yield. A pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of the alone and combined application of BS and BC on the growth and yield of Phaseolus vulgaris under drought stress. The synergistic application of BS and BC increased plant height (46.9 cm), shoot dry weight (6.9 g/pot), and root dry weight (2.5 g/pot) of P. vulgaris plants under drought stress. The trend of applied treatments for photosynthetic rate remained as BC (15%) < BS (28%) < BC + BS (32%), compared to drought-stressed control. Similarly, the trend of applied treatments for water use efficiency was BS < BC < BC + BS, compared to drought stress control. The levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide were reduced by the combined application of BS and BC under drought stress, measuring at 22.8 and 66.4 μmol/g fresh weight, respectively. The combined use of BS and BC significantly alleviated drought stress more than when applied individually. Thus, employing BS and BC together as key agents in drought-stressed common bean plants could promote resilience, fostering growth amid ongoing climate change.
Glycoside hydrolases reveals their differential role in response to drought and salt stress in potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: Aiana   , Chauhan Hanny , Singh Kashmir 
Published: September 2024

Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are important in metabolic processes involving diverse carbohydrate-based substances found inside plant tissues. Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are rich in starchy carbohydrates, suggesting the role of GHs in their metabolic pathways. In this study, we examine the GH superfamily in potato where 366 potential GHs were identified using a similarity search method. Genes were subjected to further characterisation to gain insights into their structural composition, functional properties and distribution patterns across tissue types. Several in silico methodologies were also employed to investigate the physicochemical features, conserved motifs, chromosomal mapping, duplication events, syntenic links with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), subcellular localisations, secondary structures and phylogenetic relationships. Cis-elements in StGHs revealed that the promoters of StGHs contain cis-elements that are responsive to phytohormones that are involved in plant growth and development, and are associated with stress responses. RNA-seq data identified significant changes in expression levels of GH16, GH17, GH18, GH19 and GH28 members under stress conditions. Expression patterns of several GHs were confirmed using real time quantitative PCR in response to stress. StGH16.24 expression increased after 3 days of drought stress, whereas StGH16.30 continuously increased under salt stress. Potential interactions between potato miRNAs and StGH revealed 393 and 627 interactions under drought and salt stress, respectively. Our findings offer insights into specific functions of GHs in diverse developmental stages and stress-related challenges in potato and other plants.
High-performance GaSb planar PN junction detector
Authors: Cui Yuanzhi , Hao Hongyue , Zhang Shihao , Wang Shuo , Zhang Jing , Shan Yifan , Xie Ruoyu , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Chuang , Liu Mengchen , Jiang Dongwei , Xu Yingqiang , Wang Guowei , Wu Donghai , Niu Zhichuan , Cao Derang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper examines GaSb short-wavelength infrared detectors employing planar PN junctions. The fabrication was based on the Zn diffusion process and the diffusion temperature was optimized. Characterization revealed a 50% cut-off wavelength of 1.73 μm, a maximum detectivity of 8.73 × 1010 cm·Hz1/2/W, and a minimum dark current density of 1.02 × 10−5 A/cm2. Additionally, a maximum quantum efficiency of 60.3% was achieved. Subsequent optimization of fabrication enabled the realization of a 320 × 256 focal plane array that exhibited satisfactory imaging results. Remarkably, the GaSb planar detectors demonstrated potential in low-cost short wavelength infrared imaging, without requiring material epitaxy or deposition.
Analysis of mixed electroosmotic and shear-driven flow in a microchannel under external magnetic field and Hall effect
Authors: Sourav Smruti , Banerjee Debanjan , Pati Sukumar , Biswas Pankaj 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The present study investigates the flow characteristics for a combined electroosmotic and shear-driven flow of a Newtonian fluid under the influence of a magnetic field applied normally to the direction of the applied electric field with Hall current effect. The upper wall moves in the direction of the flow, whereas, the lower wall moves either in the opposite direction or the same direction of the flow. Mathematical expressions have been obtained in dimensionless form for the electrical potential distribution of the electrical double layer (EDL) and the velocity distribution after analytically solving the Poisson-Boltzmann and momentum equations. The flow velocity shows a non-monotonic trend with a maximum value towards the upper wall. The decrementing effect of the EDL thickness on the flow velocity becomes prominent towards the upper wall. Similarly, the decrementing effect of the Hartmann number on the flow velocity and the incrementing effect of the Hall parameter on the flow velocity becomes reasonable towards the centerline. In fact, the influence of all the parameters on the flow velocity becomes noticeable when the walls of the microchannel move in the similar direction.
Experimental analysis of Solid particle erosion on SS 410 stainless steel
Authors: Kumar Mukund , Kumar Satish 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the present investigation, the erosion wear of SS 410 stainless steel grade was evaluated under impact angles (300 - 900) and impact velocities (60-100 m/s) of erodent using a air jet erosion tester. Fly ash with particle sizes ranging from 75-100 microns was used as the erodent. Mass loss of each sample was measured to provide a reliable estimation of how much material was lost under the conditions. The highest erosion value occurs at 300 impact angle and 100 m/s impact velocity for SS 410. The characterization of the eroded samples was carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of surface morphology. Pits, craters, and plastic deformation mechanisms were predominant at high impact angles (90°) compared to micro-cutting, ploughing, and lips at low impact angles (30°).
Parameters optimization investigation on Non-Centrifugal Cane Sugar (NCCS) unit for jaggery processing
Authors: Abdul Razack Mohammad , Prasad VVS , Vadapalli Srinivas , Nagaraju Dora 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The experimental investigation has been conducted on a non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCCS) unit using an annular cooking bowl (ACB), a heat recovery unit, and food-graded heat transfer fluid (FHTF). The heat recovery unit makes up a spiral fin tube heat exchanger in a crossflow direction. The experiments involved varying the hot air inlet temperature from 450°C, 500°C, 550°C, and 600°C with a constant FHTF mass flow rate of 20 lpm. During experiments, the temperatures of sugar cane juice, the inner bowl surface at various locations, and the HTF outlet with time are measured. Results show that the inner bowl surface temperature of 118°C with Total Soluble Solvents (TSS) of 85°Brix value was achieved in 7680 s when the hot air inlet supply was 600°C, a minimum value compared to other cases. An orthogonal array of Taguchi, the signal-to-noise ratio, analysis of variance, and regression analysis have been employed to find the optimal parameter values and the effect of parameters on the duration of boiling time. More assertive response prediction and a good fit of the model with the experimental data are indicated by the boiling time duration’s coefficient of determination (R2), which is 97.57% using Analysis of variance method. According to Taguchi’s study, the optimum parameter values are 600°C, 20 lpm for the hot air inlet, and the FHTF mass flow rate, in that order. ANOVA and regression testing were also performed to determine which inflow parameter was the most important among the parameters employed.
Characterising the transdisciplinary challenge in the development of Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods – what do emerging innovations tell us?
Authors: Cheng C , Ekambaram A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Accelerating decarbonization in the built environment is imperative for a sustainable future. Innovative building concepts on a neighbourhood scale present promising potential to revolutionise how buildings can be designed, built and operated in different climate zones that can bring about a significant decarbonization in the built environment. However, this potential can only be unleashed if a broad range of knowledge and understandings – both technical and non-technical – can be skilfully combined. Yet, such projects are often confronted with a transdisciplinary challenge that is inevitable and inherent. This paper characterises the transdisciplinary challenge in the development of four proofs-of-concept of Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods (SPENs) in four European countries. It adopts the qualitative research method capturing emerging innovations as practices to position the empirical lens close to what actors do to address the transdisciplinary challenge. The contribution of this paper is to better understand the transdisciplinary challenge that can slow down the uptake of the SPEN concept in the built environment. The paper ends with some suggestions for overcoming the transdisciplinary challenge in the development of neighbourhood scale building projects to unlock its positive effects.
Rethinking Safety Indicators in the Norwegian Construction Industry
Authors: Pilskog Orvik Casper , Albrechtsen Eirik , Angvik Markus , Sæther Mareno , Holen Siri 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The construction industry is known for being accident-prone, and it experiences a high number of occupational hazards and workplace incidents. This sector is characterized by fragmentation and temporariness, with high technical and organizational complexity which impacts the safety. A measure of safety often relates to this reactive nature of historical events such as accidents and incidents. Despite widespread recognition of their limitations, the Total Recordable Injury Rate (TRIR) and Lost-Time Injury Rate (LTIR) remain the predominant (lagging) safety indicators in the Norwegian construction industry. However, criticisms regarding their statistical insensitivity, neglect of severity, and vulnerability to manipulation persist. This paper explores the paradox of these lagging indicators’ popularity, examining their role and the industry’s reliance on them in light of known deficiencies and criticism. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fourteen key actors from clients and contractors of varying degrees in size, both private and public, to gain insights into the context and the current use of these lagging indicators. The results show that the stakeholders have collectively expressed their desire to move towards including a more proactive set of safety indicators. Learning from incidents and near misses and fostering organizational learning through enhanced communication are seen as relevant for more proactive safety measurement. Additionally, to meet the challenges in the context of increasing societal challenges, complexity, and uncertainty it is important to understand performance levels better. However, the research also emphasizes the retained relevance of incident measures, suggesting a nuanced balance between proactive and reactive indicators for overall safety performance measurements. The study highlights the need for the construction industry to move beyond traditional safety measures and embrace a performance-driven approach under complex conditions.