bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a New Module of the FACE-Q for Children and Young Adults with Diverse Conditions Associated with Visible and/or Functional Facial Differences
Authors: Longmire Natasha , Wong Riff Karen , O'Hara Justine , Aggarwala Shivani , Allen Gregory , Bulstrode Neil , Forrest Christopher , French Brooke , Goodacre Timothy , Marucci Damian , Norris Jonathan , Panchapakesan Vivek , Piplani Bhoomika , Pusic Andrea , Vercruysse Herman , Klassen Anne 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAppearance and facial function are concepts not well addressed in current pediatric patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) for facial conditions. We aimed to develop a new module of the FACE-Q for children/young adults with facial conditions that include ear anomalies, facial paralysis, skeletal conditions, and soft tissue conditions. Semi-structured and cognitive interviews were conducted with patients aged 8–29 years recruited from craniofacial centers in Canada, USA, UK, and Australia. Interviews were used to elicit new concepts and to obtain feedback on CLEFT-Q scales hypothesized to be relevant to other facial conditions. Interview data were recorded, transcribed, and coded. Experts were emailed and invited to provide feedback via Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). Eighty-four participants and 43 experts contributed. Analysis led to the development of a conceptual framework and 14 new scales that measure appearance, facial function, health-related quality of life, and adverse effects of treatment. In addition, 12 CLEFT-Q scales were determined to have content validity for use with other facial conditions. Expert input led to minor changes to scales and items. This new FACE-Q module for children/young adults is being field-tested internationally. Once finalized, we anticipate this PROM will be used to inform clinical practice and research studies.
Facial Layers and Facial Fat Compartments: Focus on Midcheek Area
Authors: Polselli Roberto , Bertossi Dario , East Charles , Gerbault Olivier , Saban Yves 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFacial cosmetic procedures are doubtless in constant augmentation directly related to fillers and botulinum toxin injections. Many articles are published in the literature to warn about the complications of these aesthetic procedures. The need for a clear anatomic classification and review of deeper ultrastructural studies on adipose tissues in the midface area are obvious. This study aims: (1) To present midface anatomy of clinical relevance in a practical way for surgeons and cosmetologists. (2) To analyze the facial fasciae related to the fat compartments. (3) To show pictures of anatomic dissections of these anatomic structures. (4) To suggest an anatomic classification. The authors analyzed the facial anatomic layers and the facial fat compartments through facial anatomical dissections and experience in the field of facial surgical and cosmetic procedures. The authors propose a dynamic three-dimensional concept of facial layers related to muscle actions and facial fat compartmentalization in the midcheek area. A “lip–lid” superficial system associated with the malar fat pad represents the first layer; two deeper lip levator systems stratification explains the deep fat compartments as an anatomic division related to fasciae extensions. Facial grooves and segments correspond to these systems action. Moreover, the importance of ultrastructural studies has been underlined.
Intra-Articular Injections of Autologous Conditioned Serum to Treat Pain from Meniscal Lesions
Authors: Strümper Rudolf 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRoutine use of biological therapies is in its early stages. Techniques involve stem cells, platelet preparations, recombinant growth factors and autologous conditioned serum, often combined with surgery. The objective of this case analysis was to document effects of intra-articular autologous conditioned serum injections in outpatients with knee pain associated with meniscal defects. Autologous conditioned serum was prepared from patients’ blood by centrifugal separation from cellular components using a specialized device (EOT®II, Orthokine). Outpatients (n=47) with heterogeneous knee meniscus lesions (76.6% traumatic knee injury) were injected once weekly (average 5.2 applications). Average age was 48.6 years (range 21–79). Oxford Knee Score and structural changes with the MRI Boston Leeds Osteoarthritis Knee Score were documented at baseline and 6 months. All analyses were performed retrospectively.In 83% patients, surgery was avoided during the 6-month observation period. Oxford Knee Score improved significantly from 29.1–44.3 (p<0.001; best possible score=48). Structural findings on MRI, measured by Boston Leeds Osteoarthritis Knee Score, showed significant improvement at 6 months (0.82–0.71, p<0.001). This retrospective study implies that intra-articular autologous conditioned serum injection may be an effective treatment option for knee pain associated with meniscal lesions. Controlled studies of autologous conditioned serum treatment for meniscal lesions are advocated.
Comparison of 1 mg versus 2 mg Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Patients with Obesity
Authors: Urwyler Sandrine , Cupa Nina , Christ-Crain Mirjam 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this study, we compared the 2 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) with the gold-standard 1 mg DST in obese patients in order to reduce the false-positive rate for Cushing’s syndrome (CS). The primary endpoint was the comparison of serum cortisol levels after 1 mg versus 2 mg DST in patients with a BMI >30 kg/m2 and at least one additional feature of the metabolic syndrome. Secondary endpoints were comparison of salivary cortisol and ACTH levels, respectively. Fifty-four obese patients were included. Median serum cortisol levels after 1 mg DST and 2 mg DST were similar [28 nmol/l (20; 36) vs. 28 nmol/l (20; 38), p=0.53]. Salivary cortisol was 8.2 nmol/l (4.7; 11.7) after the 1 mg DST vs. 6.7 nmol/l (4.2; 9.5) after the 2 mg test, p=0.09. ACTH levels were higher after the 1 mg DST compared to the 2 mg DST [10.0 pg/ml (7.6; 10.7) vs. 5.0 pg/ml (5.0; 5.1), p<0.0001]. The false positive rate after the 1 mg DST was 14.8% (n=8) and was reduced to 11.1% (n=6) after the 2 mg DST. All non-suppressors (n=8) had type 2 diabetes and most of them took a medication interacting with cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). In individuals with obesity, the 2 mg DST was not superior to the 1 mg DST in regard to serum cortisol levels. However, in some patients, particularly with poorly controlled diabetes or medication interacting with CYP3A4 and without adequate suppression after the 1 mg DST, the 2 mg DST might prove helpful to reduce the false-positive rate for CS.
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT02227420
Bridging the gap between language acquisition and sociolinguistics
Authors: De Vogelaer Gunther , Chevrot Jean-Pierre , Katerbow Matthias , Nardy Aurélie 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Despite repeated calls for in-depth research, the acquisition of patterns of sociolinguistic variation has long been an underinvestigated topic both in sociolinguistics and in language acquisition research. With the exception of a few exploratory studies, most notably Labov (1964), it has long been rare for sociolinguistic research to focus on non-adults, whereas most research on language acquisition tended to take place in a sociolinguistic vacuum (see, e.g. Mills 1985: 142 and Labov 1989: 96 for statements to this effect). Over the last few years, however, the situation seems to be changing. Two reasons may be given for this: first, and quite trivially perhaps, technical advancements are making it possible to gather, store and explore data in cheap and efficient ways, providing researchers with the necessary data to conduct empirically sound research on the topic. And second, parallel to a paradigm shift from rule-based to usage-based conceptions of grammar, linguistic variation has moved into the centre of the attention of theoretical linguistics. As a result, the acquisition of variation can now be considered an ‘emergent topic’ in research on language variation in general.
The aim of this book is to offer a state-of-the-art of current research on the topic, thereby focusing on two particular objectives: (1) the acquisition of sociolinguistic variation presents itself as an interesting research topic for sociolinguists and psycholinguists working on acquisition, but also for a broad range of other sub-disciplines of linguistics, including historical linguistics, dialectology, and for researchers working in different theoretical frameworks. This book aims at bridging the gap between these disciplines and frameworks and allowing an interdisciplinary perspective on the topic; and (2) in order to enable cross-linguistic comparison, the book wants to bring together research carried out in different sociolinguistic constellations, as most obviously found in different language areas or different countries.
Child acquisition of sociolinguistic variation
Authors: Cornips Leonie 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The main questions of this paper are whether children acquire adults’ variable V1-V2/V2-V1 word order in the perfective two-verb cluster simultaneously with a rigid V1-V2 word order in the modal two-verb cluster from start of the acquisition process. The experimental results show that children acquire variable word orders following rigid ones confirming Labov’s (1989) expectation that children have to acquire grammatical properties before acquiring stylistic and sociolinguistic constraints. It is, however, not possible to disentangle whether the struggle with the variable word orders in the perfective cluster is due to grammatical reasons only or in combination with the fact that this type of variation reveals no significant social stratification among the adults.
Language acquisition in bilectal environments
Authors: Leivada Evelina , Grohmann Kleanthes K. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The linguistic reality of Cyprus is diglossic between the local variety of Cypriot Greek and the official language Standard Modern Greek. One of the better studied differences between the two varieties is clitic placement in syntactic environments where one requires enclisis and the other proclisis. This paper discusses the findings of two studies on the acquisition of object clitics so as to (i) explore the connection between bidialectalism and metalinguistic awareness and (ii) argue that competing motivations are relevant for the linguistic development in diglossic environments. Framed as the Socio-Syntax of Development Hypothesis, the process of constructing a socio-syntactic repertoire captures competing motivations by assuming that the linguistic development of Greek Cypriot children primarily involves the need to resolve linguistic accommodation and adjust to the “high” variety.
HiCapTools: a software suite for probe design and proximity detection for targeted chromosome conformation capture applications
Authors: Anil Anandashankar , Spalinskas Rapolas , Åkerborg Örjan , Sahlén Pelin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Summary
Folding of eukaryotic genomes within nuclear space enables physical and functional contacts between regions that are otherwise kilobases away in sequence space. Targeted chromosome conformation capture methods (T2C, chi-C and HiCap) are capable of informing genomic contacts for a subset of regions targeted by probes. We here present HiCapTools, a software package that can design sequence capture probes for targeted chromosome capture applications and analyse sequencing output to detect proximities involving targeted fragments. Two probes are designed for each feature while avoiding repeat elements and non-unique regions. The data analysis suite processes alignment files to report genomic proximities for each feature at restriction fragment level and is isoform-aware for gene features. Statistical significance of contact frequencies is evaluated using an empirically derived background distribution. Targeted chromosome conformation capture applications are invaluable for locating target genes of disease-associated variants found by genome-wide association studies. Hence, we believe our software suite will prove to be useful for a wider user base within clinical and functional applications.

Availability
https://github.com/sahlenlab/HiCapTools.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Systemic protozoal infection
Authors: Matthews Philippa C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter consists of short notes, diagrams, maps, and tables to summarize human systemic protozoal infections, namely malaria, American trypanosomiasis and African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and toxoplasmosis. For ease of reference, each topic is broken down into sections, including classification, epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Lice, fleas, mites, and ticks
Authors: Matthews Philippa C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the entomology of medically significant vectors and nuisance biters, using diagrams to summarize characteristic features and life cycles, and maps to show geographical distribution where relevant. It includes mosquitoes, lice, fleas, mites, ticks, sandflies, tsetse flies, triatomene bugs, and blackflies. For each of these, a list of the disease-causing agent(s) that might be transmitted is included, with cross-reference to other relevant sections of the book.
Control as a Defining Characteristic of Torture
Authors: Reyes Hernán , Bașoğlu Metİn 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
An analysis of the Kubark interrogation techniques clearly demonstrates that they are specifically designed to induce helplessness in detainees by enhancing the unpredictability and uncontrollability of captivity stressors. By providing examples of how various aspects of life in captivity (e.g., deprivation of sleep, food, personal hygiene, medical care, social contact, communication with the outside world, and other basic needs) can be manipulated to maximize helplessness, the Kubark manual lends support to a learning theory formulation of torture as “helplessness under the control of others.” It also demonstrates that “severe mental pain or suffering” is caused by the cumulative helplessness effects of all aspects of life in captivity and not just the captors’ “intentional” behaviors during discrete interrogation sessions.
The Meaning of Psychological Trauma
Authors: McNally Richard J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The concept of trauma is integral to the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) because exposure to a stressor qualifying as “traumatic” is a prerequisite for diagnosing someone with the disorder. Yet clarifying the meaning of trauma and specifying what kinds of stressors count as “traumatic” is no easy task. Indeed, many people who experience unquestionably traumatic events (e.g., combat) do not develop PTSD, whereas others who experience seemingly less severe stressors do suffer from symptoms of PTSD. Moreover, stressors triggering PTSD can vary across cultures and within a culture throughout history. Debates about trauma have relevance to whether interrogation practices now falling under the rubric of cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment (CIDT) constitute torture. This chapter reviews the arguments and scientific evidence on the meaning and measurement of psychological trauma and shows how these findings can clarify the conceptualization of CIDT, its psychiatric consequences, and whether it qualifies as torture.
Chest medicine
Authors: Wilkinson Ian B. , Raine Tim , Wiles Kate , Goodhart Anna , Hall Catriona , O’Neill Harriet 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter explores chest medicine, including respiratory health, bedside tests in chest medicine, further investigations in chest medicine, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis (CF), lung tumours, fungi and the lung, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism (PE), pneumothorax, pleural effusion, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, cor pulmonale, sarcoidosis, interstitial lung disease (ILD), extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and industrial dust diseases.
Renal medicine
Authors: Wilkinson Ian B. , Raine Tim , Wiles Kate , Goodhart Anna , Hall Catriona , O’Neill Harriet 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter discusses renal medicine, including urine, urinary tract infection (UTI), acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), renal replacement therapy (RRT), transplantation, glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, renal manifestations of systemic disease, renal tubule: disorders and diuretics, tubulointerstitial nephropathy and nephrotoxins, and inherited kidney disease.
Emergencies
Authors: Wilkinson Ian B. , Raine Tim , Wiles Kate , Goodhart Anna , Hall Catriona , O’Neill Harriet 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter explores cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, and endocrinological emergencies, including headache, breathlessness, chest pain, coma, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), shock, sepsis, anaphylactic shock, acute coronary syndrome with ST-elevation, acute coronary syndrome without ST-elevation, severe pulmonary oedema, cardiogenic shock, broad complex tachycardia, narrow complex tachycardia, bradycardia, acute severe asthma, acute exacerbations of COPD, pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism (PE), acute upper GI bleeding, meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral abscess, status epilepticus, head injury, raised intracranial pressure (ICP), diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), diabetic emergencies, thyroid emergencies, Addisonian crisis, hypopituitary coma, phaeochromocytoma emergencies, acute poisoning, poisons and their antidotes, paracetamol poisoning, salicylate poisoning, burns, hypothermia, and major disasters
References
Authors: Wilkinson Ian B. , Raine Tim , Wiles Kate , Goodhart Anna , Hall Catriona , O’Neill Harriet 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter presents key references on chest medicine, endocrinology, gastroenterology, renal medicine, haematology, infectious diseases, neurology, oncology and palliative care, rheumatology, surgery, clinical chemistry, radiology, practical procedures, and emergency medicine
Preventing new sensitization and asthma onset by allergen immunotherapy: the current evidence
Authors: Wahn Ulrich 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
Specific allergen immunotherapy is considered a key candidate for a successful preventive intervention in atopic diseases. The strong association of atopic manifestations such as rhinitis and asthma with atopic sensitizations (specific serum IgE) provide a rationale for early intervention in childhood and adolescence.

Recent findings
Currently, the documentation of the disease-modifying intervention effects is limited to the secondary prevention of asthma symptoms in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. These effects appear to be rather allergen specific than nonspecific.

Summary
Documentation on disease modification including a reduction of asthma symptoms in children, particularly with grass pollen tablets has become quite robust. It is not clear up to now, if the new onset of allergic sensitizations can be modified. So far data on primary prevention are not conclusive.
Incidence of Artifacts and Deviating Values in Research Data Obtained from an Anesthesia Information Management System in Children
Authors: Hoorweg Anne-lee J. , Pasma Wietze , van Wolfswinkel Leo , de Graaff Jurgen C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Vital parameter data collected in anesthesia information management systems are often used for clinical research. The validity of this type of research is dependent on the number of artifacts.

Methods
In this prospective observational cohort study, the incidence of artifacts in anesthesia information management system data was investigated in children undergoing anesthesia for noncardiac procedures. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of artifacts among deviating and nondeviating values, among the anesthesia phases, and among different anesthetic techniques.

Results
We included 136 anesthetics representing 10,236 min of anesthesia time. The incidence of artifacts was 0.5% for heart rate (95% CI: 0.4 to 0.7%), 1.3% for oxygen saturation (1.1 to 1.5%), 7.5% for end-tidal carbon dioxide (6.9 to 8.0%), 5.0% for noninvasive blood pressure (4.0 to 6.0%), and 7.3% for invasive blood pressure (5.9 to 8.8%). The incidence of artifacts among deviating values was 3.1% for heart rate (2.1 to 4.4%), 10.8% for oxygen saturation (7.6 to 14.8%), 14.1% for end-tidal carbon dioxide (13.0 to 15.2%), 14.4% for noninvasive blood pressure (10.3 to 19.4%), and 38.4% for invasive blood pressure (30.3 to 47.1%).

Conclusions
Not all values in anesthesia information management systems are valid. The incidence of artifacts stored in the present pediatric anesthesia practice was low for heart rate and oxygen saturation, whereas noninvasive and invasive blood pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide had higher artifact incidences. Deviating values are more often artifacts than values in a normal range, and artifacts are associated with the phase of anesthesia and anesthetic technique. Development of (automatic) data validation systems or solutions to deal with artifacts in data is warranted.
Vasculotide, an Angiopoietin-1 Mimetic, Restores Microcirculatory Perfusion and Microvascular Leakage and Decreases Fluid Resuscitation Requirements in Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Trieu Michelle , van Meurs Matijs , van Leeuwen Anoek L. I. , Van Slyke Paul , Hoang Van , Geeraedts Leo M. G. , Boer Christa , van den Brom Charissa E. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Microcirculatory dysfunction is associated with multiple organ failure and unfavorable patient outcome. We investigated whether therapeutically targeting the endothelial angiopoietin/Tie2 system preserves microvascular integrity during hemorrhagic shock.

Methods
Rats were treated with the angiopoietin-1 mimetic vasculotide and subjected to hemorrhagic shock and fluid resuscitation. Microcirculatory perfusion and leakage were assessed with intravital microscopy (n = 7 per group) and Evans blue dye extravasation (n = 8 per group), respectively. The angiopoietin/Tie2 system was studied at protein and RNA level in plasma, kidneys, and lungs.

Results
Hemorrhagic shock significantly reduced continuously perfused capillaries (7 ± 2 vs. 11 ± 2) and increased nonperfused vessels (9 ± 3 vs. 5 ± 2) during hemorrhagic shock, which could not be restored by fluid resuscitation. Hemorrhagic shock increased circulating angiopoietin-2 and soluble Tie2 significantly, which associated with microcirculatory perfusion disturbances. Hemorrhagic shock significantly decreased Tie2 gene expression in kidneys and lungs and induced microvascular leakage in kidneys (19.7 ± 11.3 vs. 5.2 ± 3.0 µg/g) and lungs (16.1 ± 7.0 vs. 8.6 ± 2.7 µg/g). Vasculotide had no effect on hemodynamics and microcirculatory perfusion during hemorrhagic shock but restored microcirculatory perfusion during fluid resuscitation. Interestingly, vasculotide attenuated microvascular leakage in lungs (10.1 ± 3.3 µg/g) and significantly reduced the required amount of volume supplementation (1.3 ± 1.4 vs. 2.8 ± 1.5 ml). Furthermore, vasculotide posttreatment was also able to restore microcirculatory perfusion during fluid resuscitation.

Conclusions
Targeting Tie2 restored microvascular leakage and microcirculatory perfusion and reduced fluid resuscitation requirements in an experimental model of hemorrhagic shock. Therefore, the angiopoietin/Tie2 system seems to be a promising target in restoring microvascular integrity and may reduce organ failure during hemorrhagic shock.