bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SWEPT-SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN RICKETTSIAL RETINITIS
Authors: Kahloun Rim , Jelliti Bechir , Ksiaa Imen , Ben Amor Hager , Zaouali Sonia , Lupidi Marco , Ben Yahia Salim , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To report optical coherence tomography angiography findings in a patient with rickettsial retinitis.

Methods:
A 29-year-old man complaining of acute blurring vision in the right eye associated with Rickettsia conorii infection underwent a comprehensive ocular examination, fluorescein angiography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography.

Results:
Funduscopy showed two large areas of retinitis in the inferior macula along the distribution of the inferotemporal artery with associated retinal hemorrhages, retinal edema, and serous retinal detachment. Fluorescein angiography showed early hypofluorescence and late staining of white retinal lesions and associated adjacent retinal vascular leakage and optic disc hyperfluorescence. Optical coherence tomography angiography showed hypointense dark areas in the superficial capillary plexus and larger hypointense areas in the deep capillary plexus, outer retina, and choriocapillaris layer. The patient was treated with doxycycline and prednisone. Six weeks after presentation, retinal changes seen at the acute phase had resolved, leading to mild residual retinal pigment epithelial changes. Fluorescein angiography showed retinal capillary nonperfusion within areas of resolved retinitis. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings included inner retinal atrophy, intraretinal cysts, and disruption of ellipsoid zone and interdigitation zone. Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography showed well-delineated hypointense greyish areas of retinal capillary nonperfusion in both the superficial and deep capillary plexuses. Visual field testing revealed the presence of a corresponding paracentral defect.

Conclusion:
Optical coherence tomography angiography may be a valuable noninvasive imaging technique for detecting and analyzing occlusive complications associated with rickettsial retinitis.
Analysis of a Physician-led, Team-based Care Model for the Treatment of Glaucoma
Authors: Winkler Nelson S. , Damento Gena M. , Khanna Sunil S. , Hodge David O. , Khanna Cheryl L. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To determine the effect of a protocol for a new physician-led, team-based glaucoma care model implemented in 2008 at Mayo Clinic’s campus in Rochester, Minnesota (MCR), to increase conformance with the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Preferred Practice Pattern guidelines for treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma.

Methods:
Records of 591 patients with newly diagnosed glaucoma were assessed retrospectively for the completion of 9 AAO Preferred Practice Pattern recommended metrics including measured corneal thickness, intraocular pressure (IOP), cup to disk ratio, visual acuity, recorded IOP target, gonioscopy, fundus photos, ocular coherence tomography, and visual field in the 3 years before and 3 years after protocol implementation. Treatment by the glaucoma care team at MCR was compared with treatment at a community-based general ophthalmology practice and with a group of comprehensive ophthalmologists at MCR without team care, which served as controls.

Results:
Adherence to AAO recommendations increased for the documentation of target IOP (+24%, 42.6% to 66.7%; P=0.007), gonioscopy (+27%, 66.7% to 93.3%; P≤0.001), fundus photos (+29%, 44.4% to 73.3%; P≤0.001), and ocular coherence tomography (+20%, 48.1% to 68.0%; P=0.02) after protocol initiation. No change in pattern of testing occurred in the control groups without team care during the same time period. Type and severity of glaucoma were similar between MCR and community practice.

Conclusions:
An increase in compliance with AAO guidelines was found after implementation of our protocol for a physician-led, team-based care model to standardize glaucoma care among providers.
Prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome in an Isolated Island Population of Korea: The Woodo Study
Authors: Lee Sang-Yoon , Kim Seondo , Kim Jeong Hong , Hong Sung-Chul , Lee Keun Hwa , Lee Hye-Sook , Shin Aesun , Jeong Jinho 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) within Korean population living in Woodo Island.

Methods:
Among the 625 residents aged 50 years or older, 305 residents (197 women and 108 men) participated in the study; a response rate of 48.8%. Participants filled out questionnaires on life style. Intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial cell function was measured. Both pupils were dilated. Fundus photographs and stereo disc photographs were taken. Vertical cup-to-disc ratio was determined. Pure tone audiometry threshold was measured at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 kHz of frequencies for each ear.

Results:
The prevalence rate of PXS among Woodo Island residents older than 50 years significantly increased with age, from 1.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0%-2.8%] in participants aged 50 to 59 years to 23.3% (95% CI, 8.2%-38.5%) in those aged over 80 years (P<0.001). The prevalence of PXS showed no significant difference between men and women in all age groups. The age-standardized prevalence rate of PXS was 10.4% (95% CI, 8.0%-12.8%), with a rate of 9.4% (95% CI, 5.8%-13.1%) in men and 14.9% (95% CI, 11.3%-18.4%) in women. PXS did not show significant association with smoking, outdoor activity, and occupation, except alcohol consumption. PXS showed significant decrease in endothelial cell density. Pure tone audiometry test of PXS group revealed statistically significant decrease in 1, 2 kHz.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of PXS was 10.4% in the 50 years and older age group, and tended to increase with age. Decrease in corneal endothelial function and selective hearing loss was correlated in PXE patients, supporting impairment of systemic endothelial function in PXE syndrome.
Oral Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin for Management of Infectious Diarrhea due to Norovirus and Cryptosporidiosis in Solid Organ Transplant Patients
Authors: Gelfand Michael S. , Cleveland Kerry O. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Diarrhea and its sequelae are commonly seen in renal transplant recipients. Current effective options to treat many causes of infectious diarrhea in this population are limited. Oral serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin was recently successfully used to manage 2 renal transplant patients with diarrhea due to cryptosporidiosis and norovirus infection, respectively.
Concomitant Primary Labial and Genital Herpes Simplex I Infections
Authors: Dylewski Joe 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
There has been a decrease in the prevalence of herpes simplex type I (HSV I) infection in adolescents in the United States while the relative number of genital infections caused by HSV I has increased. Although transmission is more likely to occur during active skin lesions, asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus from oral or genital sources can lead to infection in susceptible hosts. I wish to report the acquisition of concomitant primary labial and genital HSV I infection in a man and woman from an asymptomatic woman with a history of labial HSV I infection.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus as Progressive Primary Myopathy
Authors: Shashidhara Sowmya , Trivedi Sangita , Shah Pinkal , Jha Bharati 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus infection in children has a different way of presentation. The involvement of muscular system is most commonly described as pyomyositis because of opportunistic infections or myopathy secondary to highly active antiretroviral therapy in both children and adults. Primary myopathy presenting as a progressive weakness is usually seen in adults and rarely observed in children with only a few cases described in the literature. In this case, we report a 7-year-old Indian girl with perinatal HIV infection presenting with progressive weakness and otherwise asymptomatic. An improvement was observed after antiretroviral and rehabilitative therapy.
Pasteurella Multocida Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infection With Recurrent Bacteremia
Authors: Boctor Noelle , Nguyen David , Williams Brett 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The annual rate of placement of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), which includes pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators, has steadily increased over the last several decades. With an increasing number of implantations has been an increasing incidence of CIED infections. It is generally recommended that patients with infections of CIEDs complete a course of antibiotics and have the device removed if possible. However, gram-negative organisms are uncommon in CIED infection, and it has been suggested that cases of suspected gram-negative CIED infection may not necessitate the same management approach. Here, we report a case of presumed Pasteurella multocida CIED infection and share our experience with its several management challenges.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Using a Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on the Self-Efficacy of Breastfeeding in Mothers With Preterm Infants
Authors: Karbandi Soheila , Hosseini Seyedeh Maryam , Hosseini Seyedeh Asieh , Sadeghi Farshad , Hesari Maryam , Masoudi Reza 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Breast milk is a God-given gift that conveys a mother’s love and compassion and that is made according to the needs and age of the child. Mothers who are interested in the welfare of their newborns tend to breastfeed their children. Training programs have been shown to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy in terms of both duration and amount.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using the progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) technique on the self-efficacy of breastfeeding in mothers with preterm infants.

Methods:
A clinical trial approach was used. Sixty mothers with preterm infants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The clinical trial ran for a period of 2 months for both groups. At 24–72 hours postpartum, the researcher used the Jacobson method to provide 30–45 minutes of individual training to the intervention group participants on PMR. Under the Jacobson method, mothers contract the 16 groups of muscles until they experience the feeling of pressure and then relax these muscles. The tools used in this study were the standard questionnaire of Dennis breastfeeding self-efficacy, which was completed by the participants at baseline, at the end of the fourth week, and during the eighth week. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results:
No significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups in terms of demographic variables (p > .05). Independent t tests found no significant difference between the two groups (p = .45) in terms of mean score of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy at pretest and significantly higher scores for the intervention group than the control group at both 4 (p = .001) and 8 (p < .001) weeks posttest. Furthermore, the analysis of variance test showed significant differences in the mean score of breastfeeding self-efficacy for the intervention group between pretest and the first posttest and between the first posttest and the second posttest, respectively (p < .001).

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
Considering the effect of relaxation training on the breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers with preterm infants, training and performing these exercises as an effective and low-cost method to improve the health of mothers, particularly mothers of preterm infants, are recommended. The PMR technique facilitates the self-efficacy of breastfeeding in mothers with preterm infants and should be considered as an effective strategy to improve nursing care and the provision of better support services for mothers who breastfeed their infants.
Racial Disparities and Sociodemographic Differences in Incidence and Survival Among Pediatric Patients in the United States With Primary Liver Cancer
Authors: Nautsch Felix , Ludwig Johannes M. , Xing Minzhi , Johnson Kevin M. , Kim Hyun S. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Primary liver cancer, including Hepatoblastoma (HB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in pediatric populations is often fatal. The outcomes are poor despite universal health care access in pediatric patients.

Aim:
We investigated the sociodemographic factors affecting outcomes in pediatric patients with primary liver cancer.

Materials and Methods:
This is a large population database study of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry data from 1973 to 2011. HB and HCC were analyzed regarding age, sex, race, geographic area, and treatment-related information including survival.

Results:
In total, 998 patients, the median age at time of diagnosis was 1 year for HB [0-19; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-1.9] and 14 years for HCC (0-19; 95% CI, 12.1-13.3) (P<0.001). Overall Survival (OS) in HB was 374 months (25% failures 19) versus HCC 21 months (25% failures 5; P<0.0001). In HCC, the fibrolamellar subgroup OS was 41 months (32-.) versus 16 months (11-21) in all others [hazard ratio (HR) 2.0; P=0.005]. Diagnosis between 2000 and 2011 (HB: 25% failures not reached; HCC: 38) versus diagnosis 1973 to 1999 (HB: 374; HCC: 12) had different survival (P=0.01; HR 1.9). For HB, OS in patients with age of diagnosis under 2, 25% failures was not reached versus 374 months over the age of 2 (HR 1.7; P<0.0007). African American children with HB had OS of 67 (17-.) versus all others (25% failures 21) and 48% of African American children were diagnosed after the age of 2 versus 34% of whites (HR 1.9; P=0.01).

Conclusions:
Later diagnosis and decreased survival in African American children with HB warrants further research.
Update on the supraclavicular flap
Authors: Wirtz Nicholas E. , Khariwala Samir S. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
The purpose of this study is to describe the supraclavicular flap and its utility in head and neck reconstruction in the context of recent studies.

Recent findings
Current literature regarding the supraclavicular flap has described its expanded uses in a variety of head and neck reconstructive settings. Its reliability and limited morbidity have been well demonstrated, and it has been cited as a reasonable alternative to other reconstructive options including, in some situations, free tissue transfer.

Summary
The supraclavicular flap has shown dependability in reconstruction of defects in the head and neck, and it warrants consideration among reconstructive surgeons, especially for circumstances in which free tissue or other pedicled flaps are less than ideal.
Modernizing Field Services for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States
Authors: Golden Matthew R. , Katz David A. , Dombrowski Julia C. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Public health field services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have not adequately evolved to address the expanding scale of the STI problem, its concentration among men who have sex with men, the emergence of new communication technologies and the availability of antiretroviral therapy as a cornerstone of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention. Field services need to modernize. Modernization should seek to expand field services objectives beyond sex partner STI testing and treatment to include: HIV testing of persons with bacterial STI and their partners, including efforts to promote frequent HIV/STI testing; increased condom access; linkage and relinkage to HIV care and promotion of viral suppression; preexposure prophylaxis promotion; linkage to long-acting contraception; and referral for health insurance. Field services programs cannot advance these new objectives while simultaneously doing all of the work they have traditionally done. Modernization will require a willingness to reconsider some longstanding aspects of field services work, including the centrality of face-to-face interviews and field investigations. Health departments seeking to modernize will need to carefully assess their ongoing activities and reorganize to align the use of field services resources with program priorities. In some instances, this may require reorganization to allow the staff greater specialization and closer integration with surveillance activities. Adapting programs will require new staff training, improvements in data management systems, and a greater investment in monitoring and evaluation. Although modernization is likely to evolve over many years, the time to start is now.
Intrinsically disordered regions contribute promiscuous interactions to RNP granule assembly
Authors: Protter David S. W. , Rao Bhalchandra S. , Treeck Briana Van , Lin Yuan , Mizoue Laura , Rosen Michael K. , Parker Roy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEukaryotic cells contain large RNA-protein assemblies referred to as RNP granules, whose assembly is promoted by both traditional protein interactions and intrinsically disordered protein domains. Using RNP granules as an example, we provide evidence for an assembly mechanism of large cellular structures wherein specific protein-protein or protein-RNA interactions act together with promiscuous interactions of intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). This synergistic assembly mechanism illuminates RNP granule assembly, and explains why many components of RNP granules, and other large dynamic assemblies, contain IDRs linked to specific protein-protein or protein-RNA interaction modules. We suggest assemblies based on combinations of specific interactions and promiscuous IDRs are common features of eukaryotic cells.
Some empirical arguments demonstrating that the latent period varies over the course of a plant disease epidemic
Authors: Suffert Frédéric , Thompson Robin N. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe latent period is a crucial life history trait, particularly for polycyclic plant diseases, because it determines how many complete monocycles could theoretically occur during an epidemic. Many empirical studies have focused on the variation of the latent period with pathogen or host genotype, or changes in response to environmental factors. The focus on these aspects is unsurprising, as these factors classically form the three parts of the epidemiological triangle. Experiments in controlled conditions are generally used to assess pathogenicity and host susceptibility, and also provide the opportunity to measure the distribution of latent periods in epidemiological systems. Once estimated for one or several pairs of host-pathogen genotypes, the mean value of this important trait is usually considered to be fixed and is often used “as is” in epidemiological models. We show here that the latent period can display non-negligible variability over the course of a disease epidemic, and that this variability has multiple sources, some of which have complex, antagonistic impacts. We develop arguments for four sources of variation that challenge the implicit assumption that the latent period remains constant: daily fluctuations in leaf temperature, nature of inoculum, host stage or age of host tissues, intra-population competition and selection for aggressiveness traits. We focus on the wheat fungal disease Septoria tritici blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici), making use of empirical datasets collected during the first author’s own research projects and a targeted literature review. Such empirical epidemiological knowledge is new and potentially important for modelers. While some studies have demonstrated that the distribution of latent periods around the mean value has consequences for epidemiological dynamics, we show that it might also be important for epidemiological modelers to account for changes in this mean value during an annual epidemic. These results may be of critical importance for improving outbreak forecasting.
Differing strategies used by motor neurons and glia to achieve robust development of an adult neuropil in Drosophila
Authors: Enriquez Jonathan , Rio Laura Quintana , Blazeski Richard , Mason Carol , Mann Richard S. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIn both vertebrates and invertebrates, neurons and glia are generated in a stereotyped order from dedicated progenitors called neural stem cells, but the purpose of invariant lineages is not understood. Here we show that three of the stem cells that produce leg motor neurons inDrosophilaalso generate a specialized subset of glia, the neuropil glia, which wrap and send processes into the neuropil where motor neuron dendrites arborize. The development of the neuropil glia and leg motor neurons is highly coordinated. However, although individual motor neurons have a stereotyped birth order and transcription factor code, both the number and individual morphologies of the glia born from these lineages are highly plastic, even though the final structure they contribute to is highly stereotyped. We suggest that the shared lineages of these two cell types facilitates the assembly of complex neural circuits, and that the two different birth order strategies – hardwired for motor neurons and flexible for glia – are important for robust nervous system development and homeostasis.
Serology reflects a decline in the prevalence of trachoma in two regions of The Gambia
Authors: Migchelsen Stephanie J , Sepúlveda Nuno , Martin Diana L , Cooley Gretchen , Gwyn Sarah , Pickering Harry , Joof Hassan , Makalo Pateh , Bailey Robin , Burr Sarah E. , Mabey David CW , Solomon Anthony W , Roberts Chrissy h 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTTrachoma is caused byChlamydia trachomatis(Ct). It is targeted for global elimination as a public health problem. In 2014, a population-based cross-sectional study was performed in two previously trachoma-endemic areas of The Gambia. Participants of all ages from Lower River Region (LRR) (N = 1028) and Upper River Region (URR) (N = 840) underwent examination for trachoma and had blood collected for detection of antibodies against the Ct antigen Pgp3, by ELISA. Overall, 30 (1.6%) individuals had active trachoma; the prevalence in children aged 1–9 years was 3.4% (25/742) with no statistically significant difference in prevalence between the regions. There was a significant difference in overall seroprevalence by region: 26.2% in LRR and 17.1% in URR (p<0.0001). In children 1-9 years old, seroprevalence was 4.4% in LRR and 3.9% in URR. Reversible catalytic models using information on age-specific seroprevalence demonstrated a decrease in the transmission of Ct infection in both regions, possibly reflecting the impact of improved access to water, health and sanitation as well as mass drug administration campaigns. Serological testing for antibodies to Ct antigens is potentially useful for trachoma programmes, but consideration should be given to the coendemicity of sexually transmitted Ct infections.