bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of a spotted leaf 32 mutant with early leaf senescence and enhanced defense response in rice
Authors: Sun Liting , Wang Yihua , Liu Ling-long , Wang Chunming , Gan Ting , Zhang Zhengyao , Wang Yunlong , Wang Di , Niu Mei , Long Wuhua , Li Xiaohui , Zheng Ming , Jiang Ling , Wan Jianmin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLeaf senescence is a complex biological process and defense responses play vital role for rice development, their molecular mechanisms, however, remain elusive in rice. We herein reported a rice mutant spotted leaf 32 (spl32) derived from a rice cultivar 9311 by radiation. The spl32 plants displayed early leaf senescence, identified by disintegration of chloroplasts as cellular evidence, dramatically decreased contents of chlorophyll, up-regulation of superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and malondialdehyde, as physiological characteristic, and both up-regulation of senescence-induced STAY GREEN gene and senescence-associated transcription factors, and down-regulation of photosynthesis-associated genes, as molecular indicators. Positional cloning revealed that SPL32 encodes a ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT). Compared to wild type, enzyme activity of GOGAT was significantly decreased, and free amino acid contents, particularly for glutamate and glutamine, were altered in spl32 leaves. Moreover, the mutant was subjected to uncontrolled oxidative stress due to over-produced reactive oxygen species and damaged scavenging pathways, in accordance with decreased photorespiration rate. Besides, the mutant showed higher resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae than its wild type, coupled with up-regulation of four pathogenesis-related marker genes. Taken together, our results highlight Fd-GOGAT is associated with the regulation of leaf senescence and defense responses in rice.
Nation-building and presidential rhetoric in Belarus
Authors: Klymenko Lina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper studies the Belarusian nation as envisioned by the president in his political speeches delivered on the country’s Independence Day. The theoretical framework of the paper rests upon an understanding of the discursive construction of national identity. This analysis of the presidential speeches utilizes principles of the Discourse Historical Approach (DHA). As a special genre of texts, political speeches aim to offer normative guidance and a sense of societal consensus to the public. The paper reveals that in the construction of a national community in Belarus, the presidential speeches ambiguously refer to historical memory, socio-economic development, the political system and the country’s foreign relations.
Coagulation and rheological behaviors of soy milk colloidal dispersions
Authors: Fujii Tomoyuki 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Coagulation and rheological behaviors of soy milk are reviewed from the viewpoint of colloidal dispersion system. From the results of relative viscosity in the range of small oil body volume fractions, oil bodies containing oleosin behave as rigid spheres. The Krieger–Dougherty equation was found to describe relative viscosities well under high oil body volume fraction. These results indicate that oil bodies in soy milk behave as though suspended matter. Cross-linking between colloid particles occurs when the coagulant is added, and bulky clusters are formed. The viscosity rises due to the hydrodynamic effects of these bulky clusters. A new viscosity equation that combines the Krieger–Dougherty equation and the effective volume fraction could describe the viscos behavior well for wide range of solid contents. Tofu is made by adding a coagulant to soy milk. For lipid concentrations of less than 2%, rupture stress increases depending on the lipid concentration, whereas at concentrations of more than 3%, rupture stress tends to decline. Kinugoshi tofu samples have a maximum value for rupture stress depending on lipid concentration. Digestion of oleosin in high-fat soy milk using papain treatment results in the centrifugal separation of soy milk cream easily. This result indicates that oleosin let oil bodies in soy milk stable. Therefore, it is important to control the state of soy milk colloidal dispersions.
Assisting Farmers Through Concessionary Loans: Insights from Ohio's Linked‐Deposit Program
Authors: Froerer Landell S. , Adams Dale W , Lee Warren F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article presents study results of a state‐sponsored concessionary loan program for farmers in Ohio started in 1985. Four criteria are used to evaluate the program: its overall costs to the state, extent to which subsidies reached financially stressed farmers, relative size of the subsidies compared to farmers' needs, and extent to which the program provided additional funds to participating farmers. Conclusions are that the program cost the state about $12 million, that only a small percentage of the financially stressed farmers in Ohio received benefits, that the subsidies provided were small compared to need, and that the program resulted in little additional lending to farmers.
Biology and Economics of Recommendations for Insecticide-Based Management of Soybean Aphid
Authors: Koch Robert L. , Potter Bruce D. , Glogoza Phillip A. , Hodgson Erin W. , Krupke Christian H. , Tooker John F. , DiFonzo Christina D. , Michel Andrew P. , Tilmon Kelley J. , Prochaska Travis J. , Knodel Janet J. , Wright Robert J. , Hunt Thomas E. , Jensen Bryan , Varenhorst Adam J. , McCornack Brian P. , Estes Kelly A. , Spencer Joseph L. 
Published: January 2017

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, remains the key insect pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, in the north-central United States. Management of this pest has relied primarily on scouting and application of foliar insecticides based on an economic threshold (ET) of 250 aphids per plant. This review explains why this ET remains valid for soybean aphid management, despite changes in crop value and input costs. In particular, we review how soybean aphid impacts soybean yield, the role of biology and economics in recommendations for soybean aphid management, and the short- and long-term consequences of inappropriately timed insecticide applications. Accepted for publication 13 December 2016.
T3SS effector VopL inhibits the host ROS response, promoting the intracellular survival ofVibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Souza Santos Marcela de , Salomon Dor , Orth Kim 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe production of antimicrobial reactive oxygen species by the nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex is an important mechanism for control of invading pathogens. Herein, we show that the gastrointestinal pathogenVibrio parahaemolyticuscounteracts reactive oxygen species (ROS) production using the Type III Secretion System 2 (T3SS2) effector VopL. In the absence of VopL, intracellularV. parahaemolyticusundergo ROS-dependent filamentation, with concurrent limited growth. During infection, VopL assembles actin into non-functional filaments resulting in a dysfunctional actin cytoskeleton that can no longer mediate the assembly of the NADPH oxidase at the cell membrane, thereby limiting ROS production. This is the first example of how a T3SS2 effector contributes to the intracellular survival ofV. parahaemolyticusto support the establishment of a protective intracellular replicative niche.
Mentoring teacher trainees of mathematics for ESL learners in post-compulsory education
Authors: Norley Kevin 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reflect on the experiences and challenges brought about by subject-specific mentoring within a distinctive learning environment, namely, mathematics for English as a second language (ESL) classes for 16-18-year-olds. The reflection is carried out over the stages of the mentoring process during an academic year within a college of further education in England with the purpose of adding to the store of knowledge on mentoring mentees who are specialists in mathematics.Design/methodology/approachThe author employs an auto-ethnographic methodology.FindingsAmongst its conclusions, the author argues that through a mentor demonstrating specific numeracy methods and techniques to mentees, and making them aware of language issues facing ESL learners relating to terminology used in mathematics, mentees are more able to develop their learners’ numeracy skills and relevant language skills, hence facilitating their adaption and integration into the English education system.Research limitations/implicationsResearch on the pedagogy of mathematics teaching, as well as language issues relating to terminology used in mathematics, needs to be considered during the mentoring of teacher trainees who are specialists in mathematics. In addition, specific language issues need to be considered for those mentees who are likely to have ESL learners in their classes.Social implicationsIn challenging some of the conventions of mathematics teaching, the paper addresses issues of inequality through identifying strategies designed to improve the educational opportunities of 16-18-year-old ESL learners.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper lies not only in its focus on the nuances of subject-specific mentoring, within the context of a particular target group, namely, 16-18-year-old ESL learners studying functional skills mathematics in a college of further education, but in its attempts to address the challenges that can arise when contesting, through theory and practice, education conventions.
Quality of referral: What information should be included in a request for diagnostic imaging when a patient is referred to a clinical radiologist?
Authors: G Pitman Alexander 
Published: January 2017

SummaryReferral to a clinical radiologist is the prime means of communication between the referrer and the radiologist. Current Australian and New Zealand government regulations do not prescribe what clinical information should be included in a referral. This work presents a qualitative compilation of clinical radiologist opinion, relevant professional recommendations, governmental regulatory positions and prior work on diagnostic error to synthesise recommendations on what clinical information should be included in a referral. Recommended requirements on what clinical information should be included in a referral to a clinical radiologist are as follows: an unambiguous referral; identity of the patient; identity of the referrer; and sufficient clinical detail to justify performance of the diagnostic imaging examination and to confirm appropriate choice of the examination and modality. Recommended guideline on the content of clinical detail clarifies when the information provided in a referral meets these requirements. High‐quality information provided in a referral allows the clinical radiologist to ensure that exposure of patients to medical radiation is justified. It also minimises the incidence of perceptual and interpretational diagnostic error. Recommended requirements and guideline on the clinical detail to be provided in a referral to a clinical radiologist have been formulated for professional debate and adoption.
Effects of host abundance on larch budmoth outbreaks in theEuropeanAlps
Authors: Hartl‐Meier Claudia , Esper Jan , Liebhold Andrew , Konter Oliver , Rothe Andreas , Büntgen Ulf 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOutbreaks of the larch budmoth (LBM) in theEuropeanAlps are among the most documented population cycles and their historical occurrence has been reconstructed over 1200 years.Causes and consequences of cyclicLBMoutbreaks are poorly understood and little is known about populations near the margin of the host's distribution range.In the present study, we quantify historicalLBMoutbreaks and associated growth reductions in host trees (European larch). Tree‐ring data collected from 18 sites between approximately 500 and 1700 m a.s.l. in theNorthern pre‐Alps are compared with data from theWesternAlps andTatraMountains, as well as with nonhostNorway spruce.Highly synchronized host and nonhost growth in theNorthern pre‐Alps shows that periodicLBMoutbreaks are largely absent near the distributional limit of larch. By contrast, growth patterns in theWesternAlpsLBMcore region are indicative ofLBMevents. Although climatic conditions in theNorthern pre‐Alps andTatraMountains would allowLBMoutbreaks, low host plant abundance is likely the key driver for the absence of cyclic outbreaks in these regions.The results obtained in the present study suggest that, in addition to the climatic conditions, host‐species abundance is critically important for the occurrence of periodicLBMoutbreaks and the determination of the respective outbreak range.
Towards a Rhizomatic Understanding of the Desistance Journey
Authors: PHILLIPS JAKE 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlthough the ‘desistance as a (zigzag) journey’ metaphor has proved useful in terms of translating theory into practice, this article makes the case that it is insufficient for conveying the truly complex, social, unpredictable and ‘messy’ process of desistance from crime. The article uses what we know about the process of desistance to discuss the utility of Deleuze and Guattari's (2013) rhizomatic theory in recasting the desistance journey metaphor. In doing so it is suggested that the desistance journey should be understood in terms of its endless and multiplicitous nature, a symbol of metamorphosis, and it argues that our focus should be on understanding the ‘desister as nomad’. This, the article concludes, holds important ramifications for the way in which we understand and implement desistance‐focused practice in the criminal justice system.
Association Between Serum β2‐Microglobulin Levels and Prevalent and Incident Physical Frailty in Community‐Dwelling Older Women
Authors: Kim Miji , Suzuki Takao , Kojima Narumi , Yoshida Hideyo , Yoshida Yuko , Hirano Hirohiko , Won Chang Won , Kim Hunkyung 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate whether higher serum β2‐microglobulin (B2M) levels, a kidney function marker, are associated with prevalent and incident frailty in community‐dwelling older women.DesignCross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses of a prospective cohort.SettingPopulation‐based cohort study in Tokyo, Japan.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling women aged 75 and older with adequate data for assessing frailty status (N = 1,191) and a subset of participants without baseline frailty but with repeated frailty assessment at 2 and 4 years of follow‐up.MeasurementsThe primary predictor was B2M level. Outcomes were prevalent and incident frailty during the 4‐year follow‐up period. Frailty was defined as presence of three of the five Fried criteria: weight loss, exhaustion, weakness, slowness, and low physical activity. Adjusted odds ratios for the main confounders were obtained using logistic regression. Discrete‐time Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the risk of developing frailty.ResultsThe study included 241 (20.2%) women with prevalent frailty at baseline and 139 (21.1%) with incident frailty during the 4‐year follow‐up. On multivariate analysis adjusted for multiple potential confounders, the odds of prevalent frailty were 2.5 times as great with B2M levels of 1.9 to 2.1 mg/L as with levels less than 1.6 mg/L and 2.0 times as great with B2M levels of 2.2 mg/L or more. In the unadjusted model, B2M levels of 1.9 to 2.1 mg/L were associated with a greater incidence of frailty than B2M levels of less than 1.6 mg/L (hazard ratio = 1.72, 95% confidence interval = 1.04–2.86). In the multivariate analysis adjusted for potential confounders, no significant association was noted between the highest B2M quartile and incident frailty.ConclusionHigher B2M levels were independently associated with greater frailty at baseline in older adults but only slightly associated with greater risk of incident frailty over 4 years of follow‐up.
Job stress and burnout: A comparative study of senior and head nurses in China
Authors: Luan Xiaorong , Wang Ping , Hou Wenxiu , Chen Lili , Lou Fenglan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSenior nurses can suffer from high job stress and burnout, which can lead to negative patient outcomes and higher turnover rates; however, few studies have examined this topic. We recruited 224 head and senior nurses from September to December 2015 using convenience and cluster sampling, to compare job stress and burnout levels between the two groups. The Nurse Job Stressors Inventory and Maslach Burnout Inventory scales were used to evaluate job stress and burnout, respectively. Results indicated that job stress scores significantly differed between head and senior nurses. The highest scoring subscales in both groups were time allocation and workload problems. Scores for the three burnout dimensions also significantly differed between the groups. Positive correlations between job stress and burnout were stronger among senior nurses than head nurses. Burnout may be higher among senior nurses given head nurses' potential for greater perceived job control. Our findings suggest that measures need to be taken to reduce burnout and turnover rates among senior nurses.
A Proposed Relationship between Organizational Safety Practices and Safety Performance in the Manufacturing of Small and Medium Enterprises in Malaysia
Authors: Mat Saat Mohd Zaidi , Subramaniam Chandrakantan , Mohd Shamsudin Faridahwati 
Published: January 2017

Many studies have showed that 60 percent to 80 percent of all industrial accidents were likely due to human errors. Inability of employees to manage work overload, provide appropriate response, and conduct proper activities are the bases for human erors. Safety performance in SMEs is an issue of concern because of increasing accidents and injury rates. Due to the vulnerability of SMEs to workplace accidents and illnesses researchers have begun to develop a considerable interest in addressing the issue. The aim of this paper is to review related empirical literatures and emphasize the necessity to examine safety performance among manufacturing SMEs in Malaysia. This paper discusses the role of organizational safety practices that may have an influence on safety performance. Toward the end of the paper, a conceptual model illustrating the relationships between organizational safety practices and safety performance will be presented.
Factors for Maintenance Priority in Malaysian University
Authors: Kim Wing Alan Chong , Mohammed Abdul Hakim , Abdullah Mat Naim 
Published: January 2017

Proper maintenance planning is required to ensure the upkeep for buildings. However, maintenance of university buildings are often plague with challenges such as poor maintenance, increasing maintenance backlogs and insufficiency of budget allocation. Thus, maintenance prioritisation is practiced as part of the solution to these challenges. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of issues and factors related to maintenance prioritisation through literature review. It discusses the issues faced by maintenance manager in deciding priorities for maintenance work. The consideration for factors when deciding maintenance priorities is also presented in this paper. While there are a lot factors listed in previous literatures, this paper attempts to provide a general guideline for the factors that are considered in setting maintenance priorities. These factors are organisation's objective, risk, performance measurement, resources, and stakeholders. By following and incorporating these factors in deciding priorities, a maintenance programme can be designed to achieve better maintenance planning in universities.
K13 Propeller Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum Populations in Regions of Malaria Endemicity in Vietnam from 2009 to 2016
Authors: Thuy-Nhien Nguyen , Tuyen Nguyen Kim , Tong Nguyen Thanh , Vy Nguyen Tuong , Thanh Ngo Viet , Van Huynh Thuy , Huong-Thu Pham , Quang Huynh Hong , Boni Maciej F. , Dolecek Christiane , Farrar Jeremy , Thwaites Guy E. , Miotto Olivo , White Nicholas J. , Hien Tran Tinh 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

The spread of artemisinin-resistant
Plasmodium falciparum
compromises the therapeutic efficacy of artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) and is considered the greatest threat to current global initiatives to control and eliminate malaria. This is particularly relevant in Vietnam, where dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is the recommended ACT for
P. falciparum
infection. The propeller domain gene of K13, a molecular marker of artemisinin resistance, was successfully sequenced in 1,060
P. falciparum
isolates collected at 3 malaria hot spots in Vietnam between 2009 and 2016. Eight K13 propeller mutations (Thr474Ile, Tyr493His, Arg539Thr, Ile543Thr, Pro553Leu, Val568Gly, Pro574Leu, and Cys580Tyr), including several that have been validated to be artemisinin resistance markers, were found. The prevalences of K13 mutations were 29% (222/767), 6% (11/188), and 43% (45/105) in the Binh Phuoc, Ninh Thuan, and Gia Lai Provinces of Vietnam, respectively. Cys580Tyr became the dominant genotype in recent years, with 79.1% (34/43) of isolates in Binh Phuoc Province and 63% (17/27) of isolates in Gia Lai Province carrying this mutation. K13 mutations were associated with reduced ring-stage susceptibility to dihydroartemisinin (DHA)
in vitro
and prolonged parasite clearance
in vivo
. An analysis of haplotypes flanking K13 suggested the presence of multiple strains with the Cys580Tyr mutation rather than a single strain expanding across the three sites.
pfk13
-Independent Treatment Failure in Four Imported Cases of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Treated with Artemether-Lumefantrine in the United Kingdom
Authors: Sutherland Colin J. , Lansdell Paul , Sanders Mandy , Muwanguzi Julian , van Schalkwyk Donelly A. , Kaur Harparkash , Nolder Debbie , Tucker Julie , Bennett Hayley M. , Otto Thomas D. , Berriman Matthew , Patel Trupti A. , Lynn Roderick , Gkrania-Klotsas Effrossyni , Chiodini Peter L. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

We present case histories of four patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine for falciparum malaria in UK hospitals in 2015 to 2016. Each subsequently presented with recurrent symptoms and
Plasmodium falciparum
parasitemia within 6 weeks of treatment with no intervening travel to countries where malaria is endemic. Parasite isolates, all of African origin, harbored variants at some candidate resistance loci. No evidence of
pfk13
-mediated artemisinin resistance was found. Vigilance for signs of unsatisfactory antimalarial efficacy among imported cases of malaria is recommended.