bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work integrated learning model in relation to CDIO standards
Authors: Schedin Staffan , Hassan Osama A.B. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop a practical model of work integrated learning for undergraduate engineering students in relation to Conceiving-Designing-Implementing-Operating standards 7 (Integrated Learning Experiences) and 8 (Active Learning). Moreover, it is discussed the role of cultural-social perspective and peer learning in enhancing the developed learning model from a pedagogical point of view.

Design/methodology/approach
– The model is based on an organized collaboration with the industrial partners in the surrounding geographic region. As a part of the collaboration, each participating student is guaranteed internships at a chosen company over the summer period. In the model, company-based projects are integrated with some of the study program courses. Moreover, the participating students are given a possibility to perform their final thesis at the chosen company.

Findings
– A number of positive effects have been observed and documented as follows: first, the integrated learning improves the learning process for the students, where learning, knowledge and practice are integrated into the engineering curricula; second, the general quality of the study programs in the faculty has been developed and improved based on the professional skills as required by modern industrial companies; and third, the obtained advantage for the industrial partners has been to establish professional contacts with the students as well as the possibility to be acquainted with potential future employees.

Research limitations/implications
– The feedback the authors received so far from the industrial partners has been positive. A detailed evaluation will be made at a later stage when more information is available.

Practical implications
– The developed learning model supports the expected learning outcomes, especially with regard to interpersonal skills, teamwork and communication. As a part of the collaboration, each participating student is guaranteed internships at a chosen company over the summer periods. The authors consider this collaboration as a “win-win situation” for the three parties involved in the learning model: the students, the university/faculty and the industrial partners.

Originality/value
– Case study based on observations and evaluation of a developed learning model.
Behavioral and psychological consequences of corporate social responsibility: need of the time
Authors: Islam Talat , Ahmed Ishfaq , Ali Ghulam , Sadiq Tahreem 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Although the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an inspiring catch all in the eyes of researchers and practitioners, little from its psychological and behavioural consequences has been focused. This study aims to examine the relationship between CSR and organizational citizenship behaviour and the underlying mechanism between this relation using organizational identification and organizational commitment as mediating variables.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire-based survey was given to 486 Malaysian employees of the hotel industry.

Findings
First, instruments were checked regarding its unidimensionality by applying confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and then, structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to test the model. SEM confirms that organizational commitment (OC) mediate the relationship between CSR and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), while organizational identification (OI) mediate the relationship between CSR and OC.

Research limitations/implications
The study selected sample from Malaysia hotel industry, the results might be different if samples are taken from a geographically different area.

Practical implications
The study has theoretical and practical implications for hotel managers to enhance employees’ identification, commitment and extra-role behaviour.

Originality/value
The study revealed underlying mechanism between CSR and OCB by incorporating OC and OI as mediating variables.
Customer perception of CSR initiatives: its antecedents and consequences
Authors: Chaudary Samra , Zahid Zohad , Shahid Saad , Khan Shamila N. , Azar Sana 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This study aims to ascertain the impact of customer perception of CSR activities (philanthropic, environmental and ethical) conducted on various consumer and corporate related dimensions including; customer loyalty, consumer attachment, corporate performance and repurchase intention. The study also adds value by taking customer perception of CSR as a mediator between green image and performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Structural equation modelling is used after using different (valid and reliable) instruments to measure latent constructs. The study has a sample size of 250 “CSR Consumers”, who had some knowledge and awareness of CSR and green image being advertised and or labelled by the company (such as printing “Recycled” or other eco-friendly images/labels on shopping bag, fliers, outlets, etc.) and are consumers/customers of such firms. The respondent’s awareness was measured by randomly asking them to recall organizations that might have eco-friendly policies.

Findings
The key findings of the study are that perceived fit of culture along with CSR capability radically influences CSR perception within consumer minds and so, subsequently, customer attachment and overall performance of the corporation. The outcomes bestow significant ramifications for marketing and advertising philosophy combined with practice.

Practical implications
Stakeholders exist in the form of consumers other than employees. So consumer satisfaction must be imparted its fair share of importance. Managers must make sure that initiatives for societal benefit are well accepted and well recognized by consumers in a positive array of light. Corporations enthusiastically involved in initiating CSR activities and forecast a positive income. The study guides managers into not falling in this misconception and by recognizing that the fact is that the company managers must only expect higher performance levels once their CSR is in synchronization with the firm’s culture.

Originality/value
A number of studies have been conducted about CSR practices in the Indian context for example (Khan and Atkinson, 1987; Krishna, 1992; Arora and Puranik, 2004; Sood and Arora, 2006; Mishra and Suar, 2010); however, there is dearth of research in its neighbouring country Pakistan about CSR practices and consumer perceptions. Therefore, this research aims to fill this gap by examining CSR practices in Pakistan which has similar historical and colonial roots with India. In doing so, this study ascertains the impact of CSR activities conducted on various consumer and corporate related dimensions that incorporate customer loyalty, consumer attachment and corporate performance.
Exclusive corporate philanthropy: rethinking the nexus of CSR and corporate philanthropy
Authors: von Schnurbein Georg , Seele Peter , Lock Irina 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to add to a better understanding of relationship of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate philanthropy. The authors argue that corporate philanthropy is exclusive to CSR because of their different characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on a profound literature review and discusses the relationship of CSR and corporate philanthropy from a theoretical point of view. By conceptually combining the CSR pyramid and the triple bottom line approach, the authors show that corporate philanthropy has a special role outside of the classical CSR concept.FindingsFour fundaments of corporate philanthropy – economic, motivational, creative and moral – are described that illustrate the importance and outstanding role of corporate philanthropy for today’s businesses. Based on these, the authors formulate three new forms of corporate giving, volunteering and foundations, which the authors subsume under the novel notion of “exclusive corporate philanthropy”.Research limitations/implicationsThe main contribution of this paper for future research is to regard corporate philanthropy as exclusive to CSR. Future studies might, therefore, consider the different characteristics of corporate philanthropy and engage in an empirical investigation of this new type.Practical implicationsThe model of exclusive corporate philanthropy presented in this paper provides practitioners with a better understanding of how corporate philanthropy can be rolled out today.Originality/valueThis paper offers a new perspective on the relationship of CSR and corporate philanthropy. Based on the economic, motivational, creative and moral characteristics of corporate philanthropy, the authors establish a clear distinction between the two concepts.
Intranasal immunization with a peptide conjugated to Salmonella flagellin induces both systemic and mucosal peptide‐specific antibody responses in mice
Authors: Qian Feng , Yin Jian , Li Mengmeng , Guo Aihua , Li Ting , Zhou Ling , Wu Xin , Xu Huji 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, the mucosal adjuvant activity of Salmonella flagellin as a carrier in a conjugate of EXP153–rFliC was investigated. EXP153–rFliC was made by conjugation of a synthetic B‐cell epitope peptide derived from Plasmodium falciparum exported protein‐1(EXP153) to recombinant phase 1 flagellin of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressed in Escherichia coli (rFliC), and used to immunize BALB/c mice via intranasal instillation. It was found that robust EXP153‐specific serum IgG antibodies were induced without additional adjuvant. EXP153‐specific sIgA antibodies were also induced, these being detected in bronchoalveolar, nasal, vaginal and intestinal washes. These observations demonstrate that Salmonella flagellin as a carrier is an effective mucosal adjuvant in that its conjugated peptide induces antibody responses.
Oral immunization of mice with engineered Lactobacillus gasseri NM713 strain expressing Streptococcus pyogenes M6 antigen
Authors: Mansour Nahla M. , Abdelaziz Sahar A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the effects of a recombinant probiotic strain, Lactobacillus gasseri NM713, which expresses the conserved region of streptococcal M6 protein (CRR6), as an oral vaccine against Streptococcus pyogenes. A dose of 109 cells of the recombinant strain in 150 μL PBS buffer was administered orally to a group of mice. One control group received an equivalent dose of Lb. gasseri NM613 (containing the empty plasmid without insert) or and another control group received PBS buffer. Each group contained 30 mice. The immunization protocol was followed on three consecutive days, after which two booster doses were administered at two week intervals. Fecal and serum samples were collected from the mice on Days 18, 32, 46, 58 after the first immunization and Day 0 prior to immunization. Anti‐CRR6 IgA and IgG concentrations were measured by ELISA in fecal and sera samples, respectively, to assess immune responses. Vaccination with the recombinant Lb. gasseri NM713 strain induced significant protection after nasal challenge with S. pyogenes, only a small percentage of this group developing streptococcal infection (10%) or dying of it (3.3%) compared with the NM613 and PBS control groups, high percentages of which developed streptococcal infection (43.3% and 46.7%, respectively) and died of it (46.7% and 53%, respectively). These results indicate that recombinant Lb. gasseri NM713 has potential as an oral delivery vaccine against streptococcus group A.
Does Entrepreneurship Promote Economic Growth in Africa?
Authors: Adusei Michael 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThere seems to be a cloud of scepticism hanging over the value of entrepreneurship to the growth processes of developing economies. This haze of scepticism is fuelled by the reverberating mantra by a section of the extant literature that replicative entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship which is generally considered not to be growth‐supporting) is pervasive in developing economies including Africa. We take motivation from this postulation to investigate whether entrepreneurship is of any relevance to the growth processes of 12 African countries. The results show that entrepreneurship positively explains the variations in the growth of the study countries. It is, thus, reasonable to contend that entrepreneurship in developing economies including Africa even if replicative is instrumental to economic growth.
General practice trainees’ clinical experience of dermatology indicates a need for improved education: A cross‐sectional analysis from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training Study
Authors: Whiting Georgina , Magin Parker , Morgan Simon , Tapley Amanda , Henderson Kim , Oldmeadow Chris , Ball Jean , van Driel Mieke , Spike Neil , McArthur Lawrie , Scott John , Stocks Nigel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesSkin conditions are commonly encountered in general practice but dermatology is underrepresented in undergraduate medical courses. Australian and international studies have shown that the dermatological diagnostic ability of general practitioners (GPs) is suboptimal, contributing to increased dermatology outpatient referrals. Dermatological experience in GP vocational training is thus of particular importance. We aimed to document the prevalence of skin disease presentations and the range of skin diseases encountered by GP trainees. We also sought to establish associations of GP trainee's skin disease experience, including their personal characteristics, consultation factors, and the actions arising from the consultation.MethodsThis study took place in the Registrars Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) study. ReCEnT is an ongoing, prospective, multi‐site cohort study of Australian GP trainees' consultations. A descriptive cross‐sectional analysis was performed on trainees' consultation data.ResultsIn total, 645 individual trainees contributed data from 84 615 consultations. Altogether, 11% of all problems managed were skin problems. Infections, dermatitis, injury and wounds were the most common presentations. Associations of consultations for skin problems (compared with all other problems) included seeking in‐consultation advice, planning patient follow up and generating learning goals.ConclusionsThese findings suggest GP trainees find skin problems challenging and may indicate a need for more and better targeted undergraduate and GP trainee education.
Serum concentrations of soluble B7‐H4 in early pregnancy are elevated in women with preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes
Authors: Mach Pawel , Köninger Angela , Wicherek Lukasz , Kimmig Rainer , Kasimir‐Bauer Sabine , Birdir Cahit , Schmidt Börge , Gellhaus Alexandra 
Published: June 2016

ProblemTo determine the association between maternal soluble B7‐H4 (sB7‐H4) and the preterm premature rupture of the amniotic membranes (pPROM), the blood serum concentration levels of sB7‐H4 were studied.Method of studyMaternal serum levels of sB7‐H4 were determined with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients between 11 and 13 weeks’ gestation who later on in the pregnancy developed pPROM (n=21), premature rupture of the amniotic membranes at term (n=18), and in control group (n=27).ResultsThe highest serum levels of sB7‐H4 were found in patients who developed pPROM. An OR of 1.39 (95%‐CI: 1.17–1.77; P=.002) per ng/mL sB7‐H4 indicated an increased risk for developing pPROM, with some predictive ability to discriminate between pPROM cases and controls (AUC=.81).ConclusionIncreased serum levels of sB7‐H4 in early pregnancy in pPROM cases may indicate the dynamics of the immune response at the feto‐maternal interface and, thus, may serve as a predictive marker for this pregnancy complication.
How does prescribing for antihypertensive products stack up against guideline recommendations? An Australian population‐based study (2006–2014)
Authors: Schaffer Andrea L. , Pearson Sallie‐Anne , Buckley Nicholas A. 
Published: June 2016

AimsWe describe choice of first‐line antihypertensive drug therapy and uptake of fixed‐dose combinations (FDCs) in Australia, and investigate the impact of initiation on FDCs and other non‐recommended first‐line therapies on treatment discontinuation.MethodThis was a population‐based retrospective cohort study using a random 10% sample of persons dispensed an Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme listed medicine from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2014. The primary outcomes were adherence to Australian recommendations at initiation of antihypertensive therapy, discontinuation of initial therapy and discontinuation of any therapy in the first year after initiation.ResultsIn our sample of 55 937 persons initiating therapy, 42.0% did so outside Australian recommendations, including not initiating on recommended monotherapy (26.3%) and not initiating on the lowest recommended dose (30.6%). Only 1.7% of individuals who were dispensed an FDC established therapy on the free combination regimen (as recommended) prior to switching. After adjusting for covariates, persons initiating on non‐recommended monotherapy (OR = 2.64, 95% CI 2.47–2.83) or FDCs of two or more antihypertensives (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.30–1.55), were more likely to discontinue all antihypertensive drug treatment in the first year compared to persons initiating on recommended monotherapy.ConclusionMore than half of antihypertensive initiators conformed to Australian guidelines. Initiation on FDCs and other non‐recommended treatments was associated with lower persistence on antihypertensive therapy in the first year. Long‐term effectiveness and outcomes may be enhanced by initiating with low dose monotherapy.
A detailed post‐IR IRSL dating study of the Niuyangzigou loess site in northeastern China
Authors: Yi Shuangwen , Buylaert Jan‐Pieter , Murray Andrew S. , Lu Huayu , Thiel Christine , Zeng Lin 
Published: June 2016

In this study, we report standard quartz SAR OSL and post‐IR infrared (IR) stimulated luminescence (post‐IR IRSL; pIRIR290) measurements made on sand‐sized quartz and K‐feldspar extracts from the loess‐palaeosol sequence at Niuyangzigou in northeastern China. The quartz OSL characteristics are satisfactory. Extensive pIRIR50,290 dose recovery tests were performed by adding doses on top of the natural dose. We found that dose recovery ratios improve significantly when the test dose ranges between ~15 and ~80% of the total dose, and good dose recovery (within ±5% of unity) can be obtained up to ∼800 Gy. Otherwise, the dose recovery ratio deviates from unity. The De values also depend on the test dose size and so we conclude that the effect of test dose size should be routinely considered in pIRIR dating. First IR stimulation plateau pIRIR290 results are compared with multiple elevated temperature ‐pIRIR (MET‐pIRIR) data. It appears that the low temperature MET‐pIRIR data are strongly affected by poor dose recovery, but this is not the case for the pIRIR290 results. Natural signal measurements at the highest (first IR) stimulation temperature on a sample expected to be in field saturation suggest that ~10% signal loss occurs in pIRIR signals. Long‐term laboratory bleaching experiments (>80 days) show that a constant (or very difficult to bleach) residual pIRIR290 signal is reached after ~300 h, corresponding to a dose of 6.2±0.7 Gy. Quartz OSL and feldspar pIRIR50,290 ages are in good agreement at least back to c. 70 ka. Beyond this the quartz ages begin to underestimate but the feldspar ages are in agreement with the expected Last Interglacial age palaeosol.
Innovations in Practice: Identifying young people at ultra‐high risk of psychosis in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service
Authors: Ulhaq Sophia , Thevan Kumaran , Adams Rebecca 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe Psychosis Pathway was introduced in a London Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) with an aim to identify and manage those at ultra‐high risk of psychosis (UHR).MethodA service evaluation was conducted to review the clinical impact of this arm of the Psychosis Pathway over a 2‐year period.ResultsWe found decreased time for psychiatric review, reduction in DUP with reduced inpatient admissions and therefore reduction in morbidity. Transition rate from UHR to psychotic illness was 56% in 2 years.ConclusionThere is much utility in identifying and managing those at UHR in a CAMHS settings.
How economics can further the success of ecological restoration
Authors: Iftekhar Md Sayed , Polyakov Maksym , Ansell Dean , Gibson Fiona , Kay Geoffrey M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRestoration scientists and practitioners have recently begun to include economic and social aspects in the design and investment decisions for restoration projects. With few exceptions, ecological restoration studies that include economics focus solely on evaluating costs of restoration projects. However, economic principles, tools, and instruments can be applied to a range of other factors that affect project success. We considered the relevance of applying economics to address 4 key challenges of ecological restoration: assessing social and economic benefits, estimating overall costs, project prioritization and selection, and long‐term financing of restoration programs. We found it is uncommon to consider all types of benefits (such as nonmarket values) and costs (such as transaction costs) in restoration programs. Total benefit of a restoration project can be estimated using market prices and various nonmarket valuation techniques. Total cost of a project can be estimated using methods based on property or land‐sale prices, such as hedonic pricing method and organizational surveys. Securing continuous (or long‐term) funding is also vital to accomplishing restoration goals and can be achieved by establishing synergy with existing programs, public–private partnerships, and financing through taxation.
Secondary syphilis in HIV positive individuals: correlation with histopathologic findings, CD4 counts, and quantity of treponemes in microscopic sections
Authors: Rosa Gabriela , Procop Gary W. , Schold Jesse D. , Piliang Melissa P. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundAlthough syphilis is uncommon, infection rates are much higher in HIV‐infected individuals than the general population. A proposed explanation is impaired cellular immunity with HIV infection.MethodsA search of one institution yielded 10 patients with a diagnosis of secondary syphilis on skin biopsy, positive syphilis serology and available CD4 counts. We evaluated 11 biopsies from the 10 patients. We correlated the patients' CD4 counts with the histologic findings and with the number of treponemes on skin biopsies, highlighted by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We also compared the detection of spirochetes in silver stained sections (e.g. Warthin–Starry) with T. pallidum IHC. All biopsies were assessed for various histologic features.ResultsThe sensitivity of IHC to detect treponemes was 64% and of silver stain was 9% (p‐value 0.04). The number of treponemes on the biopsies was determined by IHC. High numbers of spirochetes (i.e. >100 per 10 hpf) were only seen in patients with CD4 counts less than 250 cells/ml.ConclusionThe most consistent histologic finding was a moderate to severe lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Although the study is small, it appears that a higher number of spirochetes is associated with CD4 counts less than 250 cell/ml. The T. pallidum IHC stain was vastly superior to the Warthin–Starry stain.