bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning Management Systems Adoption Conundrums; Technological and Pedagogical Dilemmas that arise for Higher Education
Authors: McLain Terrill Reid 
Published: August 2017

Technology is used in many higher learning institutions for a multitude of reasons including distributing learning materials, organizing group projects, calculating grades, facilitating online discussions, turning in homework, creating class content, etc. When these separate technologies merge in one place, it is called a Learning Management System (LMS). Implementing an LMS in Higher Education can enhance a learning environment and assist in deploying pedagogy in a positive and efficient way while engaging students. However, there are dilemmas that arise that can hinder the solution that the technology seeks to solve. This paper discusses the divides created by the pedagogical and technological interests of LMS adoption in higher education and outlines future research needed for more successful implementation and subsequent continued use. In a sea of options, the solutions that are strongest include individual customization flexibility and have strong peer support; these are the ones that seem to last.
Cárie dentária em adolescentes da cidade de Recife- PE
Authors: Gomes Samara Sandrelly de Moura , Bezerra Silvia Regina Sampaio , Dourado Adriane Tenório , Arruda Raíssa Peixoto de , Silva Agda Taís de Moura 
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: avaliar a presença de cárie dentária, dieta cariogênica, fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos e hábitos de higiene bucal em adolescentes da cidade de Recife- PE. Sujeitos e método: foi realizado um estudo transversal, qualitativo, que utilizou como instrumento de pesquisa um formulário para coleta de dados e uma ficha clínica. Foi empregada uma amostra por conveniência de 10 pacientes das clínicas de hebiatria, com idades entre 13 e 16 anos, de ambos os sexos. Resultados: 60% dos pacientes analisados tiveram cárie dentária e 40% eram desprovidos de cárie. Aqueles cujas famílias possuem renda familiar entre 3 e 4 salários mínimos ou de 4 a 7 salários, obtiveram média de cárie dentária elevada: 0,60 e 1,20, respectivamente. O aumento da média de dentes cariados foi maior entre os que escovavam três vezes ao dia do que entre aqueles que escovavam duas vezes ao dia. A cárie dentária reduziu à medida que o pesquisado fazia maior consumo
de açúcar e aumentou quando este fazia o uso de fio dental de maneira mais frequente. Conclusões: na amostra estudada, a frequência da cárie dentária, o consumo de açúcar, os fatores socioeconômicos, hábitos de higiene bucal e gênero feminino foram considerados elevados.
Examination of the Level of Adequacy of Sports Facilities in Terms of Popularization of Sports in Bingol
Authors: CELIK Omer , SEZER Sureyya Yonca , KARADAG Mustafa , SAVUCU Yuksel , TEL Mikail , CELIKEL Baha Engin 
Published: August 2017

In this study, the level of adequacy of sports facilities in Bingol province in terms of popularization of sports in the city and the general tendency of the citizens of Bingol province towards sports were examined. A total of 610 volunteers from various professions, age groups and gender groups from Bingol city center participated in this study. Questionnaires were applied to the subjects who participated. There are 31 questions in the questionnaire. The sample group of tradesmen and their customers in Bingol province were contacted by random sampling method. Survey questions were asked face to face for the purpose of getting the necessary data for the goal of the research. In the evaluation of the obtained data, the frequency and percentage distributions were calculated and tested by applying the Chi-square test to see if there are any relationships between the variables. In the light of this research, it is observed that a large majority of people living in Bingol are interested in sports, and football is the first among all sports branches of interest. The most important factor preventing sports being more widespread was found to be the lack of adequate sports facilities in the city, and it was also observed that public institutions and organizations lack their own sports facilities. For sports programs and facilities to be newly constructed, the public's interest and expectations should be taken into account. It has also been understood that in order to popularize mass sports events in Bingol, the number of sports facilities and sports clubs should be increased too.
APTIDÃO CARDIORRESPIRATÓRIA, COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL DE ESCOLARES E ESTRUTURAS FÍSICAS PARA PRÁTICA DE ATIVIDADES FÍSICAS
Authors: Araújo Willian Giovani de , Soares Silvana Silveira , Sehn Ana Paula , Kern Deise Graziela , Welser Leticia , Silva Cristiane Fernanda da , Burgos Miria Suzana , Reuter Cézane Priscila 
Published: August 2017

O presente estudo transversal objetiva comparar o nível de aptidão cardiorrespiratória (APCR) e a composição corporal de 393 escolares, pertencentes a escolas com e sem estrutura física no entorno para a prática de atividades físicas e esportivas em Santa Cruz do Sul - RS. Os níveis de APCR de escolares, tanto do sexo masculino, quanto do feminino, são superiores no ambiente que possui maior quantidade de estruturas esportivas em seu entorno. Não foi observada relação entre a infraestrutura e a composição corporal dos escolares. Conclui-se que escolares, de ambos os sexos, que estudam em escolas com estruturas esportivas em seu entorno, apresentam maiores níveis de APCR, em comparação aos escolares pertencentes às escolas com baixa presença de estruturas esportivas.Descritores: Aptidão Física; Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória, Composição Corporal, Saúde Escolar.
Sustentabilidade de Eventos Turístico-Culturais: Um Estudo sobre o "Chuva de Bala no País de Mossoró"
Authors: Andrade Aurineide Filgueira , Gurgel Fernanda Fernandes , Brito Lydia Maria Pinto 
Published: August 2017

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;">Os desafios do mundo contemporâneo têm gerado debates e reflexões no cenário político, social e econômico sobre modelos e alternativas para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (DS), cujos pressupostos partem do processo de mudança social e elevação das oportunidades da sociedade, compatibilizando, no tempo e no espaço, o crescimento e a eficiência econômicos, a conservação ambiental, a qualidade de vida e a equidade social, partindo de um claro compromisso com o futuro e a solidariedade entre gerações. A presente pesquisa propôs-se a estudar o evento Chuva de Bala no País de Mossoró com ênfase no Desenvolvimento Sustentável na percepção dos atores sociais. O trabalho caracterizou-se pela natureza qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas realizadas com 35 atores sociais envolvidos no evento. Para o tratamento dos dados, foi realizada a análise de conteúdo, utilizando categorias prévias propostas por Sachs (1993; 2001). Os resultados mostram que a dimensão ecológica está diretamente associada à reciclagem e à reutilização de materiais. A dimensão econômica é compreendida como possibilidade de crescimento econômico e geração de renda para trabalhadores locais. Já a dimensão social é percebida ao possibilitar maior igualdade e justiça na distribuição da renda, melhorando os direitos e as condições da população. A dimensão cultural está presente na promoção da diversidade e da identidade cultural. Conclui-se que o evento, embora não contemple um projeto contendo requisitos da sustentabilidade, atende parcialmente às dimensões e aos pressupostos do DS. </p>
Late Cretaceous climate simulations with different CO2 levels and subarctic gateway configurations: A model‐data comparison
Authors: Niezgodzki Igor , Knorr Gregor , Lohmann Gerrit , Tyszka Jarosław , Markwick Paul J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe investigate the impact of different CO2 levels and different subarctic gateway configurations on the surface temperatures during the latest Cretaceous using the Earth System Model COSMOS. The simulated temperatures are compared with the surface temperature reconstructions based on a recent compilation of the latest Cretaceous proxies. In our numerical experiments, the CO2 level ranges from 1 to 6 times the preindustrial (PI) CO2 level of 280 ppm. On a global scale, the most reasonable match between modeling and proxy data is obtained for the experiments with 3 to 5 × PI CO2 concentrations. However, the simulated low‐ (high‐) latitude temperatures are too high (low) as compared to the proxy data. The moderate CO2 levels scenarios might be more realistic, if we take into account proxy data and the dead zone effect criterion. Furthermore, we test if the model‐data discrepancies can be caused by too simplistic proxy‐data interpretations. This is distinctly seen at high latitudes, where most proxies are biased toward summer temperatures. Additional sensitivity experiments with different ocean gateway configurations and constant CO2 level indicate only minor surface temperatures changes (<~1°C) on a global scale, with higher values (up to ~8°C) on a regional scale. These findings imply that modeled and reconstructed temperature gradients are to a large degree only qualitatively comparable, providing challenges for the interpretation of proxy data and/or model sensitivity. With respect to the latter, our results suggest that an assessment of greenhouse worlds is best constrained by temperatures in the midlatitudes.
Moho depth model for the Central Asian Orogenic Belt from satellite gravity gradients
Authors: Guy Alexandra , Holzrichter Nils , Ebbing Jörg 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to construct a new 3‐D model of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) crust, which can be used as a starting point for future lithospheric studies. The CAOB is a Paleozoic accretionary orogen surrounded by the Siberian Craton to the north and the North China and Tarim Cratons to the south. This area is of great interest due to its enigmatic and still not completely understood geodynamic evolution. First, we estimate an initial crustal thickness by inversion of the vertical gravity component of the Gravity Field and Steady‐State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) and DTU10 models. Second, 3‐D forward modeling of the GOCE gravity gradients is performed, which determines the topography of the Moho, the geometry, and the density distribution of the deeper parts of the CAOB and its surroundings, taking into account the lateral and vertical density variations of the crust. The model is constrained by seismic refraction, reflection, and receiver function studies and geological studies. In addition, we discuss the isostatic implications of the differences between the seismic Moho and the resulting 3‐D gravity Moho, complemented by the analysis of the lithostatic load distribution at the upper mantle level. Finally, the correlation between the contrasting tectonic domains and the thickness of the crust reveals the inheritance of Paleozoic and Mesozoic geodynamics, particularly the magmatic provinces and the orocline which preserve their crustal features.
Single Component Organic Solar Cells Based on Oligothiophene‐Fullerene Conjugate
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Luan , Lee Tack Ho , Gautam Bhoj , Park Song Yi , Gundogdu Kenan , Kim Jin Young , Woo Han Young 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA new donor (D)–acceptor (A) conjugate, benzodithiophene‐rhodanine–[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61 butyric acid methyl ester (BDTRh–PCBM) comprising three covalently linked blocks, one of p‐type oligothiophene containing BDTRh moieties and two of n‐type PCBM, is designed and synthesized. A single component organic solar cell (SCOSC) fabricated from BDTRh–PCBM exhibits the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.44% and maximum external quantum efficiency of 46%, which are the highest among the reported efficiencies so far. The SCOSC device shows efficient charge transfer (CT, ≈300 fs) and smaller CT energy loss, resulting in the higher open‐circuit voltage of 0.97 V, compared to the binary blend (BDTRh:PCBM). Because of the integration of the donor and acceptor in a single molecule, BDTRh‐PCBM has a specific D–A arrangement with less energetic disorder and reorganization energy than blend systems. In addition, the SCOSC device shows excellent device and morphological stabilities, showing no degradation of PCE at 80 °C for 100 h. The SCOSC approach may suggest a great way to suppress the large phase segregation of donor and acceptor domains with better morphological stability compared to the blend device.
Graded Heterojunction Engineering for Hole‐Conductor‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with High Hole Extraction Efficiency and Conductivity
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Yanan , Zhang Luyuan , Yin Longwei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDespite great progress in the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the large‐scale application of PSCs still faces serious challenges due to the poor‐stability and high‐cost of the spiro‐OMeTAD hole transport layer (HTL). It is of great fundamental importance to rationally address the issues of hole extraction and transfer arising from HTL‐free PSCs. Herein, a brand‐new PSC architecture is designed by introducing multigraded‐heterojunction (GHJ) inorganic perovskite CsPbBrxI3−x layers as an efficient HTL. The grade adjustment can be achieved by precisely tuning the halide proportion and distribution in the CsPbBrxI3−x film to reach an optimal energy alignment of the valance and conduction band between MAPbI3 and CsPbBrxI3−x. The CsPbBrxI3−x GHJ as an efficient HTL can induce an electric field where a valance/conduction band edge is leveraged to bend at the heterojunction interface, boosting the interfacial electron–hole splitting and photoelectron extraction. The GHJ architecture enhances the hole extraction and conduction efficiency from the MAPbI3 to the counter electrode, decreases the recombination loss during the hole transfer, and benefits in increasing the open‐circuit voltage. The optimized HTL‐free PCS based on the GHJ architecture demonstrates an outstanding thermal stability and a significantly improved PCE of 11.33%, nearly 40% increase compared with 8.16% for pure HTL‐free devices.
Scalable, “Dip‐and‐Dry” Fabrication of a Wide‐Angle Plasmonic Selective Absorber for High‐Efficiency Solar–Thermal Energy Conversion
Authors: Mandal Jyotirmoy , Wang Derek , Overvig Adam C. , Shi Norman N. , Paley Daniel , Zangiabadi Amirali , Cheng Qian , Barmak Katayun , Yu Nanfang , Yang Yuan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA galvanic‐displacement‐reaction‐based, room‐temperature “dip‐and‐dry” technique is demonstrated for fabricating selectively solar‐absorbing plasmonic‐nanoparticle‐coated foils (PNFs). The technique, which allows for facile tuning of the PNFs' spectral reflectance to suit different radiative and thermal environments, yields PNFs which exhibit excellent, wide‐angle solar absorptance (0.96 at 15°, to 0.97 at 35°, to 0.79 at 80°), and low hemispherical thermal emittance (0.10) without the aid of antireflection coatings. The thermal emittance is on par with those of notable selective solar absorbers (SSAs) in the literature, while the wide‐angle solar absorptance surpasses those of previously reported SSAs with comparable optical selectivities. In addition, the PNFs show promising mechanical and thermal stabilities at temperatures of up to 200 °C. Along with the performance of the PNFs, the simplicity, inexpensiveness, and environmental friendliness of the “dip‐and‐dry” technique makes it an appealing alternative to current methods for fabricating selective solar absorbers.
Exploring the Charge Transport in Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Xu Yong , Sun Huabin , Li Wenwu , Lin Yen‐Fu , Balestra Francis , Ghibaudo Gerard , Noh Yong‐Young 
Published: August 2017

AbstractConjugated polymers came to an unprecedented epoch that the charge transport is limited only by small disorder within aggregated domains. Accurate evaluation of transport performance is thus vital to optimizing further molecule design. Yet, the routine method by means of the conventional field‐effect transistors may not satisfy such a requirement. Here, it is shown that the extrinsic effects of Schottky barrier, access transport through semiconductor bulk, and concurrent ambipolar conduction seriously influence transport analysis. The planar transistors incorporating ohmic contacts free of access and ambipolar conduction afford an ideal access to charge transport. It is found, however, that only the planar transistors operating in low‐field regime are reliable to explore the inherent transport properties due to the energetic disorder lowering by the lateral field induced by high drain voltage. This work opens up a robust approach to comprehend the delicate charge transport in conjugated polymers so as to develop high‐performance semiconducting polymers for promising plastic electronics.
Recent Progress in Bionic Condensate Microdrop Self‐Propelling Surfaces
Authors: Gong Xiaojing , Gao Xuefeng , Jiang Lei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBionic condensate microdrop self‐propelling (CMDSP) surfaces are attracting increased attention as novel, low‐adhesivity superhydrophobic surfaces due to their value in fundamental research and technological innovation, e.g., for enhancing heat transfer, energy‐effective antifreezing, and electrostatic energy harvesting. Here, the focus is on recent progress in bionic CMDSP surfaces. Metal‐based CMDSP surfaces, which are the most promising in their respective fields, are highlighted for use in future applications. The selected topics are divided into four sections: biological prototypes, mechanism and construction rules, fabrication, and applications of metal‐based CMDSP surfaces. Finally, the challenges and future development trends in bionic CMDSP surfaces are envisioned, especially the utilization of potential bionic inspiration in the design of more advanced CMDSP surfaces.
Water‐Enabled Healing of Conducting Polymer Films
Authors: Zhang Shiming , Cicoira Fabio 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe conducting polymer polyethylenedioxythiophene doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has become one of the most successful organic conductive materials due to its high air stability, high electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. In recent years, a great deal of attention has been paid to its fundamental physicochemical properties, but its healability has not been explored in depth. This communication reports the first observation of mechanical and electrical healability of PEDOT:PSS thin films. Upon reaching a certain thickness (about 1 µm), PEDOT:PSS thin films damaged with a sharp blade can be electrically healed by simply wetting the damaged area with water. The process is rapid, with a response time on the order of 150 ms. Significantly, after being wetted the films are transformed into autonomic self‐healing materials without the need of external stimulation. This work reveals a new property of PEDOT:PSS and enables its immediate use in flexible and biocompatible electronics, such as electronic skin and bioimplanted electronics, placing conducting polymers on the front line for healing applications in electronics.
Kinetics of Photoinduced Wettability Switching on Nanoporous Titania Surfaces under Oil
Authors: Panchanathan Divya , Kwon Gibum , Qahtan Talal F. , Gondal Mohammad A. , Varanasi Kripa K. , McKinley Gareth H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTitanium dioxide (titania or TiO2) is well known for its photocatalytic properties and its ability to remove organic contaminants under UV light illumination. It is also known to switch its surface wetting characteristics from being hydrophilic to superhydrophilic under exposure to UV light in air. However, less is known about the switching of the hydrophilicity of TiO2 surfaces immersed in an oil medium. In this work, self‐assembled TiO2 nanoparticle surfaces are immersed in an oil environment, and the kinetics of contamination‐induced hydrophobicity and photoinduced hydrophilicity are studied using in situ contact angle measurements. A simple model is developed to relate the evolution in the measured contact angle to photocatalytically induced changes on the surface of nanoporous titania by integrating the Langmuir–Hinshelwood adsorption isotherm with the Cassie–Baxter analysis of the effective contact angle of a drop sitting on a composite surface. The resulting model can be used to predict and control wetting kinetics in drop coalescence applications. Moreover, it is shown that immersed oil–water separation membranes which have been fouled by low surface tension contaminants can be rapidly recovered in situ using this underwater photocatalytic reaction without the need for backwashing or harsh chemical reagents.
Cellular Architecture‐Based All‐Polymer Flexible Thin‐Film Photodetectors with High Performance and Stability in Harsh Environment
Authors: Wang Qian , Jin Zhiwen , Zhang Xisheng , Gao Zhenfei , Xu Hua , Bin Haijun , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Li Yongfang , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHere, a cellular architecture consisting of hundreds of blend cylinders embedded into P‐type film is designed for all‐polymer (donor J51 and acceptor N2200) flexibility thin‐film photodetectors for the first time. The blend cylinders provide more blend/P‐type interfaces, which is beneficial for excitons to efficiently dissociate, while the high mobility P‐type film guarantees high mobility and free carriers to fast transport. Moreover, each individual cylinder exhibits high resistance to the interdiffusion from the cylinders into the P‐layer, thus it effectively prevents formation of nanoscale network even under stressed conditions. As a result, the photocurrent of cellular device enhances about two orders of magnitude and the rise/decay times decrease to 0.50/1.01 s compared with the blend one. Meanwhile, the all polymer J51:N2200‐based cellular photodetectors show very high stability when heated to 200 °C or bended 1000 times, which is due to the low diffusion rate of the very‐long‐chain polymer and the nature of the cellular structure. These results demonstrate that the cellular structure‐based all‐polymer thin‐film photodetectors might be promising candidates for further applications.
Widely Tunable Infrared Plasmonic Nanoantennas Using Directed Assembly
Authors: Fontana Jake , Nita Rafaela , Charipar Nicholas , Naciri Jawad , Park Kyoungweon , Dunkelberger Adam , Owrutsky Jeff , Piqué Alberto , Vaia Richard , Ratna Banahalli 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInfrared plasmonic nanoantennas are key building blocks in nanotechnology. By coupling and confining light into spatial volumes below the diffraction limit, infrared plasmonic nanoantennas provide unique opportunities to sense and signal at nanometer length scales for energy harvesting, as light sources, and in nanomedicine applications. However, in contrast to their radio‐ and microwave counterparts, widespread use of plasmonic nanoantennas has been limited, due in part to the inability to synthesize these structures maintaining nanoscale precision in large batches with uniform yields. This communication describes a directed assembly approach to generate large quantities of infrared plasmonic nanoantennas with sharp and widely tunable absorption peaks from 1 to 3 µm. It is experimentally demonstrated that the nanoantenna absorption peak depends linearly on the chain length, in agreement with simulations, providing a straightforward means to understand and predict the infrared response of these materials.