bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of the Silverleaf Whitefly on Poinsettia Under Greenhouse Conditions, Winter 1993
Authors: Redak R. A. , Bethke J. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Poinsettias obtained as rooted cuttings were potted in 15 cm pots. Plants were allowed 4 weeks growth (25-30 cm tall) before use in trials. Leaves were counted from the top (leaf of &gt;2 cm2) down. Twenty SWF adults were clip-caged (2.5 cm diam) on the abaxial surface of leaf no. 5 for 24 hours to obtain a moderate no. of eggs/leaf. Ten days later the no. of nymphs were counted as a pre-treatment count (day 0). Plants were assigned to treatments to obtain an equal no. of immatures/treatment. Five plants/treatment were arranged in a randomized block design on a greenhouse bench. Ten treatments and a water treated control were applied by hand sprayer at 30-40 psi. Post-treatment counts were made at 10 and 20 DAT.
Control of Mature Twocirculi Mealybug with Insecticide Applications, 1994
Authors: Casey Sclar D. , Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were located at the Plant Environmental Research Center on the campus of Colorado State University. A RCB with 5 replications was used as an experimental design. Treatments were applied to an existing infestation of adult female mealybugs that were maturing eggs. The original application was made 20 May, followed by a 30 May application. Both sprays were applied to the point of run-off with a hand-operated pump sprayer. The number of mealybugs present was assessed on 3 subsequent dates. Since few of the insects were dislodged and many appeared to have died in place, a “quality rating” of the mealybugs physical appearance was made. Quality ratings were based on an average of ten 3rd and 4th instar female nymphs sampled per treatment on 10 Jun 1994.
Striped Pine Scale Control Trial, Golden, Co, 1993
Authors: Cooper Dayna , Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted at a Golden, CO golf course on Scotch pine thai were heavily infested with striped pine scale. Treatments were applied 8 Jul, to point of run-off, using a hand-pumped mister. Individual plots consisted of single terminals with a RCB plot design, involving 5 replications. Plots were evaluated 30 Aug by removing 15 needle bundles from each treatec! terminal and counting all living scales on the needles.
Bioassay, Effects of Rh-5992 and Conventional Insecticides on Neonate Leafroller Larvae, 1993
Authors: Brunner J. F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An experimental ecdysone agonist, RH-5992, was evaluated in laboratory bioassays along with Lorsban and Penncap to determine their effect on PLR and OBLR larvae. Concentrations of RH-5992, Lorsban and Penncap were diluted in 500 ml of water plus 2 JULI of X-77 wetting agent. An untreated control was prepared using water plus the wetting agent. The pinto bean diet was dyed blue to make leafroller larvae more visible during post-treatment examinations. The diet was cut into small cubes of about Vi inch. Ten diet cubes were placed into a treatment solution for about 30 s, during which time it was stirred continuously. The diet cubes were removed by pouring the treatment solution through a wire sieve. Cubes were placed on a wire screen and allowed to dry. One diet cube was placed in a 1-oz plastic portion cup. Cups containing diet cubes were randomly chosen, and five 1- to 2- d-old PLR larvae or five 3- to 4-d-old OBLR larvae were placed on each cube. Cup lids were put in place, and cups were placed inside a food storage container with a moist paper towel to maintain high humidity and kept at 75°F (±2°F) constant temperature and 16:8 photoperiod. Cups were examined after 3 and 6 or 7 d and larval survival recorded. Ten cups were used for each treatment (50 larvae per treatment).
Bioassay, Effect of Field-Aged Residue Degradation of Cryolite, 1994
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Doerr M. D. , Smith L. O. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Using a leaf-disk bioassay, Kryocide (cryolite) was evaluated for residue effects on PLR and OBLR neonate larvae. The test was conducted in an apple orchard at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center. The trees were 15-yr-old spur type ‘Red Delicious’ on dwarfing roots. On 30 Jun, Kryocide was applied at two rates (see table) with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. Each treatment was replicated three times with one tree in each. Ten leaves were collected from the interior canopy of each replicate at 1, 4, 6 and 8 DAT. Two punches (2.3 cm diameter) were taken from each leaf. Four punches were placed in a petri dish (Falcon 1006, 50 × 9 mm), keeping the leaves from each replication separate. Petri dishes were chosen randomly, and five 1- to 2-d-old leafroller larvae were placed on the leaves. Five petri dishes were prepared for each treatment and each leafroller species (75 larvae per treatment). The petri dishes were placed inside a food storage container and kept at 20°C constant temperature and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Petri dishes were examined after 7 d and larval survival recorded. Weather was good at the time of application.
Susceptibility to Insecticides in Potato Tuberworm From Different Areas of Mexico, 1990
Authors: Guerrero-Rodriguez E. , Gomez-Cruz M. , Corrales-Reynaga J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We evaluated the response of fourth-instar PTW to methamidophos and methyl parathion from five potato growing areas (states). Larvae were collected in the field the day of the experiment and exposed to toxicants by the residual technique in a 100 ml glass recipient. One μ, liter of each toxicant dosage, using acetone as solvent was deposited on each larvae. Each bioassay was carried out with 6 or 7 doses of insecticide; varying from 5 to 100 ppm in methamidophos and from 50 to 400 ppm in methyl parathion. Forty larvae per dose were used. An acetone check was included. The data were compared with a population from Navidad, Nuevo Leon maintained in the laboratory for 28 generations free of insecticides. Mortality was observed after 24 hours.
Field Evaluation of Sorghum Midge-Resistant Sorghum Hybrids, 1993
Authors: Teetes George L. , Anderson Roger M. , Pendleton Bonnie B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seventeen F, sorghum hybrids of released and experimental parental lines arranged in a RCB design with 3 replications were evaluated for resistance to sorghum midge (SM) in duplicated field trials at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station at College Station, TX and at the Texas A&M University Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi, TX. Seed was sown 14 May in rows spaced 30 inches (76.2 cm) apart and 5 Apr in rows spaced 38 inches (96.5 cm) apart at College Station and Corpus Christi, respectively. Yield and damage ratings were used to evaluate hybrids of resistant by resistant parents, and resistant by susceptible parents, compared with hybrids of susceptible by susceptible parents. At College Station, 100-kernel weight also was determined. Rating of damage caused by SM was done at sorghum kernel physiological maturity where 1 = 1-10, 2 = 11-20, to 9 = 81-100% kernel loss. Panicles from plots were hand harvested (0.0025 ha) and threshed by using a stationary plot thresher. Grain yield was calculated by converting grain weight to kg/ha. ANOVA and LSD at the 0.05 probability level were used to analyze data.
Evaluation of Registered Acaricides in Late Season Foliar Applications, 1994
Authors: VanBuskirk Philip , Hilton Richard 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was conducted in a 2.4 acre block of 15-year-old ‘Cornice’ pear trees. A single application of the acaricides or acaricide combinations was made on 21 Jul to three single-tree replicates using conventional high pressure handgun equipment with the trees sprayed to runoff. Estimation of TSM densities was made at about weekly intervals from 20 Jul through 14 Sep. Samples consisted of 15 mature pear leaves/replicate which were returned to the laboratory where the mites were removed with a brushing machine, then counted with the aid of a dissecting microscope.
Grape, Season-Long Broad-Spectrum Control, 1994
Authors: Johnson James W. , Kriegel Robert D. , Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature 14 year old grape vines at the Trevor Nichols Research Complex near Fennville, MI at a rate of 50 gpa using a FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single 50-foot-long rows of vines replicated 4 times. Insecticides were applied, as indicated in the table, on the following dates: 4 May (BS), 25 May (1C), 9 Jun (Bloom), 22 Jun (3C), 3 Jul (4C), 17 Jul (5C), 29 Jul (6C), 12 Aug (7C), 25 Aug (8C) and 6 Sep (9C). Second generation grape berry moth application was timed for one wk after sustained catch in pheromone traps. Phytotoxicity damage was rated on the untreated control and the Danitol plots on 22 Jul. Twenty-five leaf samples were rated as clean or damaged. A leaf was rated as damaged if it had spots or blemishes that could not be attributed to disease or insect injury. All damaged leaves had ≤25% of their surface injured. Damage evaluations for grape berry moth, and Japanese beetle were performed on 27 Sep. Damage was assessed by sampling 25 fruit clusters from each replicate. Each cluster was rated for the presence or absence of injury from each of the three insect pests.
Control of Pecan Nut Casebearer on Pecans, 1994
Authors: Hall Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six insecticides were evaluated for control of PNC on pecans. Trials were conducted at a commercial pecan orchard located near Longview, TX (Gregg Co.). A section of the pecan orchard was divided into 7 blocks of trees, with each block corresponding to one of the treatments. Each block was ca. one acre in size. Several cultivars were used due to the light crop load encountered. Determination of pretreatment PNC infestation levels was done on 12 May. Twenty-five nut clusters, on each of four trees per block (100 nut clusters per treatment), were inspected for the presence of PNC eggs. If an egg was found on any nut within a cluster, the cluster was considered to be infested. Treatments were applied on 13 May using a Nut Hustler, PTO-driven, air-blast sprayer. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 90 gpa. Only one application was made. Posttreatment counts were made on 8 Jun. Twenty-five nut clusters, on eacji of 4 trees (100 nut clusters per treatment), were inspected for the presence or absence of PNC damaged nut clusters. A cluster was considered infested if one or more nuts within the cluster showed signs of larval entry.
Field Evaluation of Bio-Rational Insecticides for Controlling DBM, 1993
Authors: Mau R. F. L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Ruggero W. S. , Kijima M. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated at the substation of the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park from Aug through Oct. The field was set up in a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot measured 70 ft. by 7.5 ft. It consisted of six rows of cabbage in 3 beds on 36 inch centers and 18 inch in-row spacing. Adjacent rows were offset to allow equidistant plant spacing between rows. Treatment plots in each block were separated by a 3 ft. border. Blocks were separated by a 10 ft. border that allowed sprayer access. Total field size was 150 ft. by 109 ft. From 1 to 6 treatments were applied on 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 Sep and 6 Oct using a diaphragm pump, hydraulic jet agitator and a 30 ft. boom attached to a half ton pick-up truck. The boom was set with three banks of solid cone (TG-3, Spraying Systems) nozzles that coincided with row spacing. Each group of nozzles had its own line from the main tank; therefore, spray output to specific treatment plots could be easily controlled. Sprays were applied at 40 psi at a rate of 150 gpa on a weekly basis from one week after transplanting to one week before harvest. A pretreatment count was made on 31 Aug and post treatment surveys were conducted on a weekly basis six days after treatment. Ten plants were randomly selected from the two center rows and removed for examination of insects. DBM immatures were counted in separate age groups: early larvae, late larvae, and pupae. Early larvae were those in the first two larval instars. They were identified by their small size and the occurrence of black colored head capsules. Late larvae were those in the last two larval instars. They were identified by their larger size and the occurrence of green or brown head capsules. Pupae were easily identified by their netlike cocoons.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae in Sweet Corn, 1994
Authors: Foster R. E. , Buhler W. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was conducted at the O’Neall Memorial Farm, Lafayette, Indiana. The sweet corn variety ‘Bodacious’ was planted 1 Jul in 30 inch rows. Each plot consisted of four rows by 50 feet long, arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Insecticides were applied on 15, 22, 26, and 29 Aug. Treatments on the first two dates coincided with the occurrence of row tassel and the beginning of silk, respectively. Insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer operating at 40 psi and delivering 12 gal/acre of finished spray. There were three hollow cone nozzles per row, with one nozzle over the top of the row and one nozzle on each side of the row directed toward the ear zone. Evaluations were made at harvest on 12 Sep by examining twenty-five ears from each plot for the presence of larvae and feeding damage. Each ear was rated as clean (no insect damage), marketable (damage limited to terminal one inch of the ear), or unmarketable (damage extended beyond the terminal inch of the ear).
Control of Leafminers in Green Onions, FT. Lupton, Co, 1994
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were established along the edge of a commercial green onion field that was heavily infested by leafminers. Individual plots consisted of two beds (30-inch centers), 25-ft in length. Plot design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Applications were made on three dates, beginning 12 Aug, using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 18 gal/acre at 45 psi in a flat fan pattern over the top of the plants.
Evaluation of Beauveria Bassiana (Mycotrol® WP) for Control of Whitefly in Spring Cantaloupes, 1995
Authors: Jaronski Stefan T. , Lord Jeffrey C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cantaloupe was planted in slant beds on 80-inch centers 17 March, at the USDA Irrigated Desert Research Station, Brawley CA. Plots were 5 rows by 40 feet long, with end buffers of 5 feet and buffers of two rows between plots, left planted. Design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicate plots per treatment. Treatments were Untreated, Carrier (0.04% Silwet L77) only, and Mycotrol WP at 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 lbs of formulation (2.5, 5, and 10 X 1012 conidia, resp.) per acre. Applications were initiated 2 May, when whitefly numbers had reached 2.5 per cm2 of leaf, and were continued weekly for 6 weeks, for a total of 7 applications of all materials. Applications were made with a backpack airblast sprayer at 30 gpa (treatments 1-5) or 50 gpa (treatments 6-7), with material and gallonage rates based on a treated acre. Whitefly immatures were counted on 1, 16, 29 May and 20 June using leaves having mixed populations of small and large nymphs (generally Leaf 7-10 from base of plant), 10 leaves per plot. Nymphs were counted in two 1.2 cm or 2.4 cm diameter discs per leaf, depending upon overall numbers. Insect data was subjected to n transformation before ANOVA; means were separated by SNK Test (p=.05). Yields for the Untreated and Vilb Mycotrol treatment plots were determined on 18 June by collecting all fruit developed to net stage and older from one center row of each plot, and determining number and individual weights per 40 row-feet, adjusted for differences in stand count. Treatment means were compared using Student’s T test. Yield data were extrapolated to a per acre value for reporting.
Foliar Sprays to Control Ear Invading Insects in Sweet Corn, 1995
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Mulford Karen , Baumann Donna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Nk-199’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 100 ft in length on 1 Jun ’95. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. The soil type was Norfolk “A” loamy sand. Plots consisted of 4 treatment rows with the center 2 rows serving as record rows. Plots were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre with 50 psi. Spray treatments were applied at 30% silk 21 Jul, 25 Jul and 29 Jul. At harvest (4 Aug), 50 ears from the center 2 rows of each plot were husked and evaluated for worm damage as fresh-market (clean ears, no damage evident), processing (evidence of tip feeding but less than 3.6 cm tip damage). and culls (tip damage beyond 3.6 cm to the side and/or bottom). All worms found within the husk or ear were identified.
Insecticides to Control Cucumber Beetles in Spring Cucumbers, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cucumbers were planted on 25 May at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of two 25ft long rows planted on 5ft row spacing. Plots were separated from each other by 10ft of bare ground and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized, complete block design. Furadan 4F was applied in furrow prior to planting to the treatments indicated in the table using a single nozzle boom backpack sprayer. Foliar sprays were applied with a backpack sprayer using three hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 44 gal water/acre at 40 psi. The foliar treatments without Furadan at planting were sprayed on 26 June. All of the foliar treatments were applied on 30 June and 10 July. Evaluation criteria consisted of cucumber beetle counts on a 6ft section of row and estimation of percent bacterial wilt on the dates indicated in the table. The marketable fruit was harvested from the right hand row of each plot on 17, 24 July and 01 August and weighed. The combined yield for all harvest dates is reported in the table.
Granular Adios Tic Evaluation of Cucumber Beetle Control Efficacy in Muskmelon, 1995
Authors: Worden Christopher J. , Dively Galen P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Muskmelon, cultivar ‘Athena’, was transplanted at the Wye Research and Education Center, Queenstown, Maryland on 24 May. Plants were spaced 24 inches apart in raised plastic-mulched beds 60 inches apart. Individual plots consisted of six beds each 62 ft long. Plots were arranged in a split-plot design with four randomized blocks. Main plots were two treatment timings: one and two weeks after transplanting. Subplots consisted of three treatment rates of Adios TIC granular bait: 0 (control), 0.065, and 0.13 lbs AI carbaryl/acre, applied as a banded application on the ground surface between the planting beds. To equalize attractiveness of each treatment, control plots received only the floral attractants (TIC) of a 5 lb/acre equivalent of the bait. The granular bait was applied by hand using a ‘salt-shaker’ type dispenser. Visual counts of live and dead adults of both striped and spotted cucumber beetles were taken 24 h after each treatment in a single section of 40 ft of row.
Control of Melon Thrips in Pepper, Spring 1995
Authors: Seal Dakshina R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Peppers were planted on to raised beds covered with polyethylene mulch in a commercial field on 11 Feb. 1995 in Homestead, FL. Beds were 71.1 cm wide and spaced 139.5 cm apart from center to center. Treatment plots were 4 rows by 25 ft. arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Five treatments were evaluated to control melon thrips. Chemicals were applied weekly on 5 dates between 1 April and 3 May by a backpack sprayer using 2 nozzles/row delivering 50 gpa at 40 psi. Effectiveness of insecticides was evaluated by randomly collecting 20 mature leaves, one/plant, from the center two rows of each treatment plot 24 h after each application. Thrips were separated by washing leaves with 70% ethanol, and the total numbers of thrips/sample were recorded. Quality of crop in treatment plots was evaluated by collecting flowers and fruits. Plant volume was also determined. Finally, fruit quality was visually determined based on a scale ranging from 1 to 6 with the highest number being the best.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control With Foliar Sprays, 1995
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental plots were established on the UI Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, Idaho. Potatoes were planted on 25 Apr and irrigated by solid set sprinkler. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam. Six treatments and one untreated check plot were replicated four times in a RCB design. Individual treatment plots were 4 rows (36 inch row spacing) wide by 25 ft long with 5 ft alleyways separating the plots. Treatment sprays were broadcast applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer (30 psi) and delivering 20 gal finished spray per acre (four, 10X hollow cone nozzles). On a weekly basis, egg masses, small larvae (1-2 instar), large larvae (3-4instar) and adult beetles were counted, and percent defoliation estimates were made from whole plant inspections of the center 5 hills of the middle 2 plot rows. On 5 Jul a pre-count of all Colorado potato beetle (CPB) life stages was taken and all treatment applications were made. A second application of both Spinosad rates was made on 12 Jul. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple means comparison.
Squash Bug Control By Basal Stem Treatments, Rocky Ford, Co 1995
Authors: Cranshaw W. S. , Schweissing F. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were established at the Arkansas Valley Research Center in Rocky Ford, CO with plantings made 13 June. Plots consisted of single rows, 20-ft in length, at a 60-inch in-row spacing. Alfalfa mulch treatments were applied around the base of plants on 11 July, in an 18 inch band through the plots. All other treatments were first applied 18 July, at which time first oviposition was observed. The reflective collar treatments consisted of a square of aluminized cloth (AluminetR), approximately 1 ft2, placed around the base of the plants. Diatomaceous earth (Organic Plus Crawling Insect Killer), Adios, and Sevimol treatments were all directed at the base of the plant, with repeat applications on 25 July (diatomaceous earth) and 1 Aug (diatomaceous earth, Adios, Sevimol). Evaluations were made 12 September and consisted of a 6 point rating of squash bug injury to vines (0 = plant death; 5 = highly vigorous vines w/o injury).