bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes according to symptom presentation in patients with acute myocardial infarction: Results from the FAST‐MI 2010 registry
Authors: Puymirat Etienne , Aissaoui Nadia , Bonello Laurent , Cayla Guillaume , Labèque Jean‐Noel , Nallet Olivier , Motreff Pascal , Varenne Olivier , Schiele François , Ferrières Jean , Simon Tabassome , Danchin Nicolas ,   for the FAST‐MI Investigators
Published: December 2017

BackgroundAtypical clinical presentation in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients is not uncommon; most studies suggest that it is associated with unfavorable prognosis.HypothesisLong‐term clinical impact differs according to predominant symptom presentation (typical chest pain, atypical chest pain, syncope, cardiac arrest, or dyspnea) in AMI patients.MethodsFAST‐MI 2010, a nationwide French registry, included 4169 patients with AMI in 213 centers at the end of 2010 (76% of active centers). Demographics, medical history, hospital management, and outcomes were compared according to predominant symptom presentation.ResultsTypical chest pain with no other symptom was reported in 3020 patients (68% in STEMI patients, 76% in NSTEMI patients). Atypical chest pain, dyspnea, syncope, and cardiac arrest were reported in 11%, 11%, 5%, and 1%, respectively. Patients with atypical clinical presentation had a higher cardiovascular risk profile and received fewer medications and a less invasive strategy. Using Cox multivariate analysis, atypical chest pain was not associated with higher death rate at 3 years (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.69‐1.33, P = 0.78), whereas cardiac arrest (HR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.00‐5.97, P = 0.05), syncope (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.18‐2.46, P = 0.005), and dyspnea (HR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.31‐2.10, P < 0.001) were associated with higher long‐term mortality compared with patients with typical isolated chest pain. Similar trends were observed in STEMI and NSTEMI populations.ConclusionsAtypical clinical presentation is observed in about 20% of AMI patients. Cardiac arrest, dyspnea, and syncope represent independent predictors of long‐term mortality in STEMI and NSTEMI populations.
Target achievement with maximal statin‐based lipid‐lowering therapy in Korean patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: A study supported by the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Oh Jaewon , Lee Chan Joo , Kim Doo Il , Rhee Moo‐Yong , Lee Byoung‐Kwon , Ahn Youngkeun , Cho Byung Ryul , Woo Jeong‐Taek , Hur Seung‐Ho , Jeong Jin‐Ok , Jang Yangsoo , Lee Sang‐Hak 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundData on treatment results of lipid‐lowering therapy (LLT) in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are limited, particularly in Asian patients.HypothesisWe sought to evaluate the target achievement rate and associated variables in Korean patients with FH after maximal statin‐based LLT.MethodsWe enrolled 146 patients with heterozygous FH, and 90 patients were finally analyzed. Patients were initially prescribed rosuvastatin 10 mg or atorvastatin 20 mg, and the regimen was adjusted to achieve the low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) target of 100 mg/dL. The primary evaluation point was the achievement rate of the LDL‐C targets at 12 months: LDL‐C < 100 mg/dL and ≥50% LDL‐C reduction. The associations between clinical variables and target achievement were also analyzed.ResultsAt 12 months, 58% of patients were receiving high‐intensity regimens, whereas 46% were receiving combination therapy. The mean pre‐ and post‐treatment LDL‐C levels were 229 and 118 mg/dL, respectively. Twenty‐eight percent of patients achieved LDL‐C < 100 mg/dL, and 47% achieved ≥50% LDL‐C reduction. Pretreatment LDL‐C and high‐intensity regimens indicated a negative tendency toward the attainment of LDL‐C < 100 mg/dL. Conversely, pretreatment LDL‐C and diabetes mellitus were positively associated with a higher rate of ≥50% LDL‐C reduction.ConclusionsThe target achievement of LDL‐C < 100 mg/dL was low, and 50% LDL‐C reduction was moderately achieved in Korean patients with FH receiving maximal statin‐based LLT. Pretreatment LDL‐C levels and diabetes mellitus were associated with target achievement. Our results provide rare and informative data on FH treatment in Asian patients.
Long‐term use of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in coronary artery disease patients with nonsleepy obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Luyster Faith S. , Strollo Patrick J. , Thunström Erik , Peker Yüksel 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundExcessive daytime sleepiness is a frequent symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and has been proposed as a motivator for adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. However, excessive daytime sleepiness is absent in many patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and concomitant OSA. We evaluated long‐term use of CPAP and predictors of CPAP use in nonsleepy and sleepy OSA patients from a CAD cohort.HypothesisLong‐term CPAP use is lower in CAD patients with nonsleepy OSA vs sleepy OSA.MethodsNonsleepy (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] score < 10) OSA patients randomized to CPAP (n = 122) and sleepy (ESS ≥10) OSA patients offered CPAP (n = 155) in the RICCADSA trial in Sweden were included in this substudy. The median follow‐up was 4.8 years for the main trial, with a predefined minimum follow‐up of 2 years.ResultsThe probability of remaining on CPAP at 2 years was 60% in nonsleepy patients and 77% in sleepy patients. Multivariate analyses indicated that age and hours of CPAP use per night at 1 month were independently associated with long‐term CPAP use in nonsleepy patients. In the sleepy phenotype, body mass index, acute myocardial infarction at baseline, and hours of CPAP use per night at 1 month were predictors of long‐term CPAP use.ConclusionsLong‐term use of CPAP is likely to be challenging for CAD patients with nonsleepy OSA. Early CPAP use is an important predictor of continued long‐term use of CPAP, so optimizing patients' initial experience with CPAP could promote adherence.
Accurate Ionization Energies for Mononuclear Copper Complexes Remain a Challenge for Density Functional Theory
Authors: Dereli Büsra , Ortuño Manuel A. , Cramer Christopher J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCopper is ubiquitous and its one‐electron redox chemistry is central to many catalytic processes. Modeling such chemistry requires electronic structure methods capable of the accurate prediction of ionization energies (IEs) for compounds including copper in different oxidation states and supported by various ligands. Herein, we estimate IEs for 12 mononuclear Cu species previously reported in the literature by using 21 modern density functionals and the DLPNO‐CCSD(T) wave function theory model; we consider extrapolated values of the latter to provide reference values of acceptable accuracy. Our results reveal a considerable diversity in functional performance. Although there is nearly always at least one functional that performs well for any given species, there are none that do so for every member of the test set, and certain cases are particularly pathological. Over the entire test set, the SOGGA11‐X functional performs best with a mean unsigned error (MUE) of 0.22 eV. PBE0, ωB97X‐D, CAM‐B3LYP, M11‐L, B3LYP, and M11 exhibit MUEs ranging between 0.23 and 0.34 eV. When including relativistic effects with the zero‐order regular approximation, ωB97X‐D, CAM‐B3LYP, and PBE0 are found to provide the best accuracy.
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome in a young woman with anorexia nervosa and complex somatic symptoms
Authors: Lee Michelle , Strand Mattias 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Ehler–Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of clinically heterogeneous connective tissue disorders characterized by joint hypermobility, hyperextensibility of the skin, and a general connective tissue fragility that can induce symptoms from multiple organ systems. We present a case of comorbid anorexia nervosa and EDS in a 23‐year old woman with a multitude of somatic symptoms that were initially attributed to the eating disorder but that were likely caused by the underlying EDS. Various EDS symptoms, such as gastrointestinal complaints, smell and taste abnormalities, and altered somatosensory awareness may resemble or mask an underlying eating disorder, and vice versa. Because of the large clinical heterogeneity, correctly identifying symptoms of EDS presents a challenge for clinicians, who should be aware of this group of underdiagnosed and potentially serious syndromes. The Beighton Hypermobility Score is an easily applicable screening instrument in assessing potential EDS in patients with joint hypermobility.
Respiratory viral infections and atopic development: From possible mechanisms to advances in treatment
Authors: Martorano Lisa M. , Grayson Mitchell H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAtopic sensitization and allergic diseases are increasing in modernized countries. These diseases affect millions of individuals, but the mechanisms behind their development are not fully understood. One hypothesis relates to early life respiratory viral infections driving the development of atopic disease including asthma. This review presents the current state of the field, focusing on epidemiologic data supporting a role for early life respiratory viruses in the development of specific IgE, both against aeroallergens and the respiratory virus. Our own work using the Sendai mouse model is then summarized to provide a potential mechanistic explanation for how a respiratory viral infection could drive development of atopic sensitization and disease. We then discuss the components of this mechanistic pathway that have and have not been validated in humans. Finally, we discuss areas ripe for research, as well as potential and current therapeutics that might disrupt the link between respiratory viral infections in early life and atopic sensitization/disease.
A Comparative Study of Structurally Related Homogeneous Ruthenium and Iron Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to γ‐Valerolactone
Authors: van Slagmaat Christian A. M. R. , De Wildeman Stefaan M. A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Stefaan DeàWildeman from Maastricht University, Geleen, The Netherlands. The cover image shows a chemical chessboard having white pieces filled with “green” biobased chemicals and black ones soiled with unsustainable petrochemicals.
Fluvial system dynamics derived from distributed sediment budgets: perspectives from an uncertainty‐bounded application
Authors: Downs Peter W. , Dusterhoff Scott R. , Leverich Glen T. , Soar Philip J. , Napolitano Michael B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe utility of sediment budget analysis is explored in revealing spatio‐temporal changes in the sediment dynamics and morphological responses of a fluvial system subject to significant human impacts during the recent Anthropocene. Sediment budgets require a data‐intensive approach to represent spatially‐differentiated impacts adequately and are subject to numerous estimation uncertainties. Here, field and topographic surveys, historical data, numerical modelling and a representative‐area extrapolation method are integrated to construct a distributed, process‐based sediment budget that addresses historical legacy factors for the highly regulated Lagunitas Creek (213 km2), California, USA, for the period 1983–2008. Independent corroboration methods and error propagation analysis produce an uncertainty assessment unique to a catchment of this size. Current sediment yields of ~20 000 t a‐1 ± 6000 t a‐1 equate to unit rates of ~300 t km‐2 a‐1 ± 90 t km‐2 a‐1 over the effective sediment contributing area of 64 km2. This is comparable with yields associated with early Euro‐American settlement in the catchment, despite loss of sediment supply upstream of the two large dams. It occurs because ~57% of the sediment is now derived from incision‐related channel erosion. Further, the highly efficient routing of channel‐derived sediments in these incised channels suggests an efflux of 84% of contemporary sediment production, contrasting with the efflux of ≈10–30% reported for unregulated agricultural catchments. The results highlight that sediment budgets for regulated rivers must accommodate channel morphological responses to avoid significantly misrepresenting catchment yields, and that volumetric precision in sediment budgets may best be improved by repeat, spatially dense, channel cross‐section surveys. Human activities have impacted every aspect of the sediment dynamics of Lagunitas Creek (production, storage, transfer, rates of movement through storage), confirming that, while distributed sediment budgets are data demanding and subject to numerous error sources, the approach can provide valuable insights into Anthropocene fluvial geomorphology. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroinflammatory reactions in sickness behavior induced by bacterial infection: Protective effect of minocycline
Authors: Mansour Hanaa A. , Hassan Wedad A. , Georgy Gehan S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe neurological changes elicited by bacterial infection are called sickness behavior. Minocycline (MIN) is neuroprotective with a remarkable brain tissue penetration. MIN was orally administered at a dose 90 mg/kg for 3 days, whereas Escherichia coli was given as a single intraperitoneal injection (0.2 mL of 24 h growth) on the third day. After 24 h of bacterial infection, behavioral tests namely open field and forced swimming were carried out, then animals were decapitated. Rats infected with E. coli displayed reduced struggling time in forced swimming test, as well as, exploration and locomotion in open field test with reduction in neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) versus elevation in the inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, interferon‐gamma) and oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, reduced glutathione) biomarkers. Inflammatory infiltrates of nuclear cells were observed in brains of infected rats. MIN administration prevented the deleterious effects of E. coli infection, thus protects against sickness behavior possibly via defending from neuroinflammation.
Encapsulation challenges, the substantial issue in solid lipid nanoparticles characterization
Authors: Daneshmand Sara , Golmohammadzadeh Shiva , Jaafari Mahmoud R. , Movaffagh Jebrail , Rezaee Mehdi , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Malaekeh‐Nikouei Bizhan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSolid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), as alternative colloidal carriers, have been used for the sustained release of lipophilic drugs with poor water solubility. One of the most important parameters in the characterization of SLNs is entrapment efficiency (EE). Despite the importance of this factor in estimating the drug loading capacity, EE does not always represent the exact percentage of the entrapped drug. Several variables such as the stirring speed and duration, and concentration of surfactant, emulsifier, and drug play important roles in determining the final EE. In addition, EE is mainly affected by the type and concentration of the lipid. There are two major methods for the measurement of EE are in which the encapsulated drug in SLNs is either directly measured (direct method) or the amount of unencapsulated drug in the supernatant is measured (indirect method). Accuracy of drug analysis is the main challenge for EE calculation, and is either performed in the separated aqueous medium or the particles. In this review, we aimed to introduce the available methods for EE determination in SLNs and discuss the advantages and shortcomings of each method.
FcɛR1α gene polymorphism shows association with high IgE and anti‐FcɛR1α in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Dar Sajad A. , Rai Gargi , Ansari Mohammad A. , Akhter Naseem , Gupta Neelima , Sharma Sonal , Haque Shafiul , Ramachandran Vishnampettai G. , Wahid Mohd , Rudramurthy Shivprakash M. , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Das Shukla 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDespite large number of investigations, the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. Several factors are likely involved in its onset. The genetic susceptibility of IgE‐responsiveness likely caused by polymorphism(s) in high affinity receptor for IgE (FcɛR1α) gene can help in understanding the pathophysiology of CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). A population‐based case‐control association analysis was conducted to assess the risk of CRSwNP conferred by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FcɛR1α gene in a North Indian cohort. Two promoter and three exonic regions of FcɛR1α gene were amplified and sequenced to investigate five SNPs: rs2427827, rs2251746, rs2298804, rs2298805, and rs2269718. BLAST analysis and subsequent multiple alignments, with known sequences available in the NCBI database, were performed. Total serum IgE and FcɛR1α antibody levels were estimated. Patient IgE level of 461.22 ± 436.43 in comparison to 83.62 ± 58.043 IU/mL in controls (P < 0.0001), and FcɛR1α antibody level of 292.38 ± 115.27 in comparison to 160.56 ± 105.9 in controls (P < 0.0001), depicts their highly significant associations with CRSwNP disease. However, no SNP showed evidence of association with CRSwNP; although relatively higher Odds ratios were observed with rs2427827, rs2251746, and rs2298804. Patient stratification revealed a significant association (P < 0.05) of rs2427827 SNP with high IgE level CRSwNP patients. Nonetheless, we found no SNP associated with low serum IgE level patients. SNP (rs2427827) in the FcɛR1α gene region and high IgE levels may confer susceptibility to CRSwNP in north Indian population. However, further studies including larger sample size, gene‐gene, and gene‐environment interactions are required for its elucidation.
Utility of complete blood count parameters to detect premature ovarian insufficiency in cases with oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea
Authors: Sanverdi Ilhan , Kilicci Cetin , Cogendez Ebru , Abide Yayla Cigdem , Ozkaya Enis 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThere are very few biomarkers available to diagnose cases with premature ovarian failure. Some complete blood count parameters have been introduced to be diagnostic biomarkers for several disorders associated with inflammatory process. Due to the evidence that indicated chronic inflammatory process to be underlying pathophysiology in premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), we aimed to assess the predictive value of complete blood count parameters for POI diagnosis.MethodA total of 96 women diagnosed to have premature ovarian failure were compared with 110 otherwise healthy women in terms of some basal hormone levels and complete blood count parameters.ResultsMean age was similar between groups. Neutrophil/lymphocyte and mean platelet volume/lymphocyte ratios were significantly higher in group with POI (P < .001, P < .003, respectively). In group with POI, there were significant correlations between anti‐Mullerian hormone and follicle stimulating hormone (r = −.30, P <.05), anti‐Mullerian hormone and white blood cell count (r = .23, P < .05). Mean platelet volume/lymphocyte ratio significantly predicted cases with POI (AUC = 0.607, %95 CI: 0.529‐0.684; P < .001).ConclusionsNeutrophil/lymphocyte and mean platelet volume/lymphocyte ratios are elevated in POI. There have been some controversies about the value of neutrophil/lymphocyte in POI diagnosis. We suggest mean platelet volume/lymphocyte ratio as a new biomarker in early POI because it is cheap and easily accessible compared to anti‐Mullerian hormone.
Evaluation of an online self‐help version of the REACH forgiveness program: Outcomes and predictors of persistence in a community sample
Authors: Nation Jennifer A. , Wertheim Eleanor H. , Worthington Everett L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated outcomes of an online, self‐directed REACH forgiveness intervention for community‐based adults. Because many participants dropped out before program completion, predictors of program persistence were also examined.MethodParticipants (N = 130 adults, 122 female; mean age 48) completed pretreatment assessment and were randomized to immediate treatment (IT) or delayed treatment (DT). Twenty‐three IT and 13 DT participants completed the 7‐hour REACH forgiveness modules and postintervention assessment; 32 participants completed 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsThe IT group reported greater postintervention improvements in overall forgiveness and emotional forgiveness, as well as reductions in avoidance motivations with large effect sizes and, marginally, state empathy; but revenge motivations, decisional forgiveness, and well‐being indicators did not change. Most postintervention improvements were maintained at 3‐month follow‐up. In this online intervention, persistence was predicted by perspective taking, willingness to forgive the offender, and conscientiousness. Three‐month follow‐up supported maintenance of gains, particularly in overall and emotional forgiveness, and increases in trait forgiveness compared to pretreatment.ConclusionAn online self‐directed version of REACH forgiveness applied in a community sample has potential for improving forgiveness‐related responses, particularly those involving emotional forgiveness. However, methods to increase program persistence and target suitable recipients need development.
Understanding the regulation of APOBEC3 expression: Current evidence and much to learn
Authors: Covino Daniela Angela , Gauzzi Maria Cristina , Fantuzzi Laura 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) family of cytosine deaminases plays crucial roles in innate immunity through the ability of restricting viral replication by deamination and mutation of viral genomes. The antiviral function of these proteins was first discovered when research in the field of HIV infection revealed that one member of the family, namely APOBEC3G, restricts HIV infection in T lymphocytes and that the viral infectivity factor protein drives the proteosomal degradation of this enzyme, thus overriding its antiviral function. Recent advances in cancer genomics, together with biochemical characterization of the APOBEC3 enzymes, have now implicated some family members in somatic mutagenesis during carcinogenesis. While several studies investigated the downstream consequences of APOBEC3 expression and activity, either in the context of viral infection or tumorigenesis, little is known on the upstream mechanisms regulating APOBEC3 expression. Such knowledge would be of huge importance in developing innovative approaches to strengthen antiviral innate immunity on one side and to prevent cancer development on the other. This mini review summarizes research advances on the molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of APOBEC3 family members in selected immune cell populations and cancer cells.