bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of access to primary healthcare for formerly incarcerated women transitioning into the community: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Agbaria Nisreen , Wirth Margit , Winkler Volker , Moazen Babak , Van Hout Marie Claire , Stöver Heino 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundWomen with a history of incarceration experience significantly poorer health outcomes and encounter barriers to accessing healthcare, both during incarceration and after release. These challenges are more pronounced compared with both their male counterparts and women in the general population. We conducted a systematic literature review to respond to the following research questions: (1) what are the determinants of primary healthcare uptake and retention among formerly incarcerated women transitioning into the community? and (2) what are the barriers and facilitators for their access to primary healthcare postrelease?MethodsFollowing the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and drawing on Levesques’ Patient-Centered Access to Healthcare Model, we searched and identified relevant publications from 2012 onwards in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Web of Science databases and Google Scholar. Records were included if they reported primary healthcare among formerly incarcerated women. Findings from the included studies were extracted and arranged under relevant themes using convergent-integrated approach.FindingsA total of 3524 records were identified and reviewed, from which 37 publications were included in the review. Five main themes emerged as follows: (1) trends and predisposing factors, (2) barriers and facilitators to care, (3) continuity of care and arrangement between the prison and community health providers, (4) prescriptions and health insurance enrolment and (5) interventions to improve primary healthcare utilisation postrelease. Additional sub-themes, such as perceived discrimination in the healthcare system and delays in cancer screening, were identified and discussed.ConclusionThe findings of the systematic review underscore the ongoing challenges women face in accessing primary care when transitioning from incarceration to the community. Enhancing coordination efforts between prison services and community healthcare providers requires a comprehensive assessment of women’s healthcare needs during this transition, alongside evaluating the availability of transitional programmes. Further research is required to explore the long-term impact of such programmes and to address the gaps in evidence from low- and middle-income countries.
Research priorities to support typhoid conjugate vaccine decision-making in India: evidence assessment and stakeholder survey
Authors: Mogasale Vijayalaxmi V , Sinha Anish , John Jacob , Hasan Farooqui Habib , Ray Arindam , Chantler Tracey , Mogasale Vittal , Dhoubhadel Bhim Gopal , Edmunds W John , Clark Andrew , Abbas Kaja 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundIndia has a high typhoid fever burden. In 2022, the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation recommended introducing typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) into the Universal Immunisation Programme. Our study aims to identify research priorities to support ongoing TCV decision-making in India.MethodsWe identified 45 evidence factors for TCV decision-making in India by adapting WHO’s Evidence-to-Recommendation framework. We assigned an evidence gap score for each evidence factor from 0 (low) to 4 (high) based on the availability and sufficiency, quality, breadth and applicability of evidence identified in a literature review (end date 30 November 2023). We assigned each evidence factor an importance score based on the results of an online survey conducted among national immunisation stakeholders (n=22, 1 July 2023–31 October 2023), where they ranked the importance of seven WHO’s Evidence-to-Recommendation criteria and several evidence factors within them. We rescaled mean stakeholder rankings into importance scores from 0 (low) to 4 (high). Finally, we added the evidence gap score to the importance score and used the overall scores to identify research priorities to support ongoing TCV decision-making in India.ResultsWe estimated the highest evidence priority scores for public perception of typhoid fever, vaccination budget impact, vaccine availability, socioeconomic impact, fiscal space, antimicrobial resistance tracking, typhoid fever mortality, public perception of TCV, immunisation managers’ acceptance and vaccine schedule preferences among caregivers.ConclusionBy adapting WHO’s Evidence-to-Recommendation framework to the Indian context, we systematically identified several research priorities to support ongoing decision-making on TCV in India. These priorities will evolve as new research studies and questions emerge about the optimal scheduling, roll-out and implementation of TCV in India.
Association between bike-sharing systems and the blood pressure of local citizens: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Li Bing , Qian Wenlan , Ren Yuan , Sun Rongju 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionGlobally, hypertension stands as the foremost preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death. However, scalable approach to lowering blood pressure (BP) at the population level remains lacking. We investigated whether shared bikes, a sustainable method of transportation gaining increasing popularity across the world, can serve as a supplemental instrument to combat the increasing prevalence of hypertension.MethodsBased on 8 107 363 physical examination visits to one of the largest medical examination centres in China during the period of June 2016 to August 2017, we perfermed a staggered difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis that exploited the roll-out of bike-sharing systems across different cities. The main outcome was the blood pressure among adult participants who were likely to adopt shared bikes (age <45), measured by (1) systolic blood pressure (SBP), (2) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and (3) a binary indicator of hypertension status (SBP≥130 or DBP≥80 mm Hg).ResultsBlood pressure showed a decreasing trend after a bike-sharing platform entered the local city. After 6 months post an entry event, SBP reduced by 0.67 mm Hg (β (SE), −0.672 (0.245); 95% CI, −1.154 to −0.191); the prevalence of hypertension reduced by 1.4 percentage points (β (SE), −0.014 (0.007); 95% CI, −0.027 to −0.000); the reduction in DBP was statistically insignificant (β (SE), −0.193 (0.193); 95% CI, −0.572 to 0.187). Participants less likely to adopt shared bikes (age ≥45) showed no significant response. The number of visits and the age of participants were also unaffected by the entry events. Reduction in blood pressure was more pronounced in male, younger and non-obese participants.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that bike-sharing systems in China may be associated with lowered blood pressure, and thus may serve as a supplemental instrument to combat the increasing prevalence of hypertension, especially among young adults.
Utility of respiratory viral testing in the risk stratification of young febrile infants presenting to emergency care settings: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Evans Jordan , Norman-Bruce Hannah , Mills Clare , Umana Etimbuk , Roe Jennie , Mitchell Hannah , McFetridge Lisa , Waterfield Thomas 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionFebrile infants under 3 months of age are at risk of invasive bacterial infection (IBI). It is currently unclear if testing for respiratory viruses may have a role in IBI risk stratification. If found to be associated with the likelihood of IBI, respiratory viral point-of-care testing may improve patient and caregiver experience, reduce costs and enhance antimicrobial stewardship.Methods and analysisThis is a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to answer the following question:In young febrile infants presenting to emergency care settings does a positive respiratory viral test for RSV, Influenza or SARS-CoV2 (relative to a negative test) add value to current risk stratification pathways for the exclusion of invasive bacterial infection, subsequently enabling safe de-escalation of investigation and treatment?A search strategy will include MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and grey literature. Abstracts and then full texts will be independently screened for selection. Data extraction and quality assessment will be completed by two independent authors.The primary objective is to analyse the ability of a positive respiratory viral test to identify the overall risk of IBI. The secondary objective is to perform a subgroup analysis to investigate how the risk stratification alters based on other variables including virus type, patient characteristics and the presence of an identified source of fever.Bivariate random-effects meta-analysis will be undertaken. Diagnostic odds ratios (OR), sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative likelihood ratios will be calculated. The degree of heterogeneity and publication bias will be investigated and presented.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to disseminate the study results through publication and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberThis protocol is registered in PROSPERO—ID number: CRD42023433716.
Point prevalence, characteristics and treatment variations for preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in China: a ‘snapshot’ study
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Yang Ge , Cai Zhiqiang , Zhang Huayan 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is increasing, but data on its prevalence and management variations remain insufficient in China. The study aims to investigate its point prevalence and variations in BPD care.Setting, patients and interventionsA multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in 37 NICUs. ‘Snapshot’ clinical data on 18 June 2021 for individual patients born at <32 weeks gestation age (GA) were collected. BPD was defined based on the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) 2001 criteria and two newer criteria (NICHD 2018 and Jensen 2019).ResultsA total of 1044 infants born at <32 weeks GA were included, of which 72% were born at ≥28 weeks GA and 95.8% were born at ≥750 g. At the time of ‘snapshot’, 563 were ≥28 days old and 281 were ≥36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). The prevalence of BPD was 78.2% per NICHD 2001 definition. Infants with BPD were more likely to be born earlier with a lower birth weight and to have complications. Among infants who reached 36 weeks PMA, the point prevalence and severity of BPD differed across BPD definitions. Respiratory support and treatments for BPD also significantly varied.ConclusionPoint prevalence of BPD is remarkably high in China. The prevalence of BPD was lowest according to the NICHD 2018 definition, whereas the NICHD 2001 definition classified most patients with severe BPD. We found infants with BPD have more complications and significant differences in BPD treatments between centres. Efforts to prevent BPD and standardise care are warranted in China.
WHO research agenda on the role of the institutional safety climate for hand hygiene improvement: a Delphi consensus-building study
Authors: Tartari Ermira , Storr Julie , Bellare Nita , Kilpatrick Claire , McGuckin Maryanne , Schwaber Mitchell J , Pittet Didier , Allegranzi Benedetta 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundCreating and sustaining an institutional climate conducive to patient and health worker safety is a critical element of successful multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategies aimed at achieving best practices. Repeated WHO global surveys indicate that the institutional safety climate consistently ranks the lowest among various interventions.MethodsTo develop an international expert consensus on research agenda priorities related to the role of institutional safety climate within the context of a multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy, we conducted a structured consensus process involving a purposive sample of international experts. A preliminary list of research priorities was formulated following evidence mapping, and subsequently refined through a modified Delphi consensus process involving two rounds. In round 1, survey respondents were asked to rate the importance of each research priority. In round 2, experts reviewed round 1 ratings to reach a consensus (defined as ≥70% agreement) on the final prioritised items to be included in the research agenda. The research priorities were then reviewed and finalised by members of the WHO Technical Advisory Group on Hand Hygiene Research in Healthcare.ResultsOf the 57 invited participants, 50 completed Delphi round 1 (88%), and 48 completed round 2 (96%). Thirty-six research priority statements were included in round 1 across five thematic categories: (1) safety climate; (2) personal accountability for hand hygiene; (3) leadership; (4) patient participation and empowerment and (5) religion and traditions. In round 1, 75% of the items achieved consensus, with 9 statements carried forward to round 2, leading to a final set of 31 prioritised research statements.ConclusionThis research agenda can be used by researchers, clinicians, policy-makers and funding bodies to address gaps in hand hygiene improvement within the context of an institutional safety climate, thereby enhancing patient and health worker safety globally.
Exploring cervical cancer mortality in Brazil: an ecological study on socioeconomic and healthcare factors
Authors: Silva Filho Agnaldo Lopes da , Reis Romualdo Guilherme , Pinhati Matheus Eduardo Soares , Neves Gabriel Lage , Almeida Oliveira Juliana , Moretti-Marques Renato , Nogueira-Rodrigues Angélica , Tsunoda Audrey Tieko , Cândido Eduardo Batista 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the correlation between socioeconomic and healthcare factors and cervical cancer mortality rates, as well as the accessibility to prevention and treatment across Brazilian states and macroregions. The aim is to highlight the multifaceted challenge of addressing cervical cancer mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed public data from the Brazilian National Institute of Cancer (INCA), the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Data were collected on indicators such as the Human Development Index (HDI), physician density, average household income, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage, Pap smear screening rates, radiotherapy machine density, and non-White population rates by state and macroregion across Brazil. Spearman’s rank correlation test and simple linear regression analysis were employed.ResultsCervical cancer mortality rates are statistically lower in women with health insurance, positive self-perception of health, located in states with a higher HDI, per capita household income, density of physicians, and radiotherapy machines per 1000 inhabitants. In contrast, mortality rates proportionally increase according to poverty levels, as expected, and rates of non-White population. Considering public health, HDI scores significantly affected Pap smear test coverage, the number of radiotherapy machines, and HPV vaccine uptake. The North and the Southeast regions have, respectively, the lowest and the highest socioeconomic indicators, proportional to their mortality rates. No significant correlation was found between mortality rates and HPV vaccine or Pap smear coverage.ConclusionsCervical cancer mortality in Brazil is significantly influenced by socioeconomic and healthcare disparities. This study provides a data-driven basis for public health strategies that address both medical and social determinants of health.
Femur Fractures in children under two related to consumer products and the home environment treated in United States emergency departments 2017-2021
Authors: Iyer Swati , Hughes Garza Holly , Lawson Karla A 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundResearch is scarce on unintentional femur fractures in children under 2 years of age, with many studies focusing on intentional injuries in this age group. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to characterise unintentional femur fractures in very young children evaluated in emergency departments and reported to a nationally representative database involving consumer products.MethodsEmergency department visits in children with a femur fracture, under 2 years of age, from 2017 to 2021 were queried from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Case narratives were reviewed to assess eligibility criteria and to create novel variables in addition to those included in the dataset.ResultsAn estimated 8891 children under age 2 in the USA were treated for femur fractures related to a consumer product or part of the home environment from 2017 through 2021 (95% CI 6900 to 10 881). The highest incidence was during 2020 (2138; 95% CI 1392 to 2883). Femur fractures most often involved furniture (3155; 95% CI 2201 to 4108), while some involved items specifically designed for babies. Falls on stairs contributed to an estimated 1584 femur fractures (95% CI 1031 to 2137), most often when someone fell while carrying the child. More than half of these fractures resulted in hospitalisation.ConclusionCaution should be used when leaving babies around certain household items, even those that may seem safe or designed for babies. Stairs and furniture are significant household hazards even before children become mobile.
Comparing stand-alone endovascular embolization versus stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations with Spetzler-Martin grades I–III: a propensity score matched study
Authors: Musmar Basel , Adeeb Nimer , Roy Joanna M. , Abdalrazeq Hammam , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I , Atallah Elias , Salim Hamza Adel , Kondziolka Douglas , Sheehan Jason , Ogilvy Christopher S , Riina Howard , Kandregula Sandeep , Dmytriw Adam A , El Naamani Kareem , Abdelsalam Ahmed , Ironside Natasha , Kumbhare Deepak , Ataoglu Cagdas , Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Keles Abdullah , Muram Sandeep , Sconzo Daniel , Rezai Arwin , Erginoglu Ufuk , Pöppe Johannes , Sen Rajeev D , Griessenauer Christoph J , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Starke Robert M , Baskaya Mustafa K , Sekhar Laligam N , Levitt Michael R , Altschul David J , McAvoy Malia , Aslan Assala , Abushehab Abdallah , Swaid Christian , Abla Adib A , Gooch M. Reid , Rosenwasser Robert H , Stapleton Christopher , Koch Matthew , Srinivasan Visish M , Chen Peng R , Blackburn Spiros , Dannenbaum Mark J , Choudhri Omar , Pukenas Bryan , Orbach Darren , Smith Edward , Mosimann Pascal J , Alaraj Ali , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad A , Patel Aman B , Cuellar Hugo H , Lawton Michael T , Morcos Jacques , Guthikonda Bharat , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundArteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon cerebral lesions that can cause significant neurological complications. Surgical resection is the gold standard for treatment, but endovascular embolization and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are viable alternatives.ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of endovascular embolization versus SRS in the treatment of AVMs with Spetzler-Martin grades I–III.MethodsThis study combined retrospective data from 10 academic institutions in North America and Europe. Patients aged 1 to 90 years who underwent endovascular embolization or SRS for AVMs with Spetzler-Martin grades I–III between January 2010 and December 2023 were included.ResultsThe study included 244 patients, including 84 who had endovascular embolization and 160 who had SRS. Before propensity score matching (PSM), complete obliteration at the last follow-up was achieved in 74.5% of the SRS group compared with 57.8% of the embolization group (OR=0.47; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.48; P=0.01). After propensity score matching, SRS still achieved significantly higher occlusion rates at last follow-up (78.9% vs 55.3%; OR=0.32; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.90; P=0.03).Hemorrhagic complications were higher in the embolization group than in the SRS group, although this difference did not reach statistical significance after PSM (13.2% vs 2.6%; OR=5.6; 95% CI 0.62 to 50.47; P=0.12). Similarly, re-treatment rate was higher in the embolization group (10.5% vs 5.3%; OR=2.11; 95% CI 0.36 to 12.31; P=0.40) compared with the SRS group.ConclusionOur findings indicate that SRS has a significantly higher obliteration rate at last follow-up compared with endovascular embolization. Also, SRS has a higher tendency for fewer hemorrhagic complications and lower re-treatment rate. Further prospective studies are needed.
Medical cannabis use in young adults with cancer: a self-reported survey study
Authors: Halpern Naama , Eshet Lia , Levanon Keren , Greenhouse Inbal , Beller Tamar , Hausner David , Sella Tal 
Published: October 2024

Objectives
Medical cannabis is increasingly used by young patients with cancer. We aimed to describe the patterns and perceptions of medical cannabis use among young adults with cancer.

Methods
This cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to May 2021 and included patients aged 18–45 from the Department of Oncology at Sheba Medical Center, as well as participants from the Stop-Cancer social platform. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire assessing demographics, disease status, cannabis permit status, use patterns and perceptions.

Results
Of the 605 participants who completed the survey, 250 held an active cannabis permit. Median age was 38 (IQR 33–43); 69% were female. Permit holders were less frequently employed (48% vs 76%, p<0.0001), more likely to report prior cannabis (36% vs 21%, p<0.0001) or tobacco use (39% vs 25%, p=0.0003) and define their cancer as ‘active’ (38% vs 12%, p<0.0001). Among the 371 cancer survivors, 118 (31%) held active permits. Nearly 60% of permit-holding survivors completed their cancer treatment ≥12 months before the survey, and 40% were at least 2 years from treatment. Of cancer survivors holding a cannabis permit, 69% reported daily cannabis use and 67% consumed cannabis through a smoking route. Cannabis was used primarily for managing sleep disturbances (69%), pain (62%) or mood disorders (42%). 21% of survivors considered reducing cannabis consumption.

Conclusions
Medical cannabis use is prevalent among young adults with cancer, with many continuing to use it during survivorship and after completing cancer treatment. Targeted education on non-smokable forms of cannabis, as well as support for reducing or ceasing cannabis use among young cancer survivors, is needed.