bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new seismic attribute for ambiguity reduction in hydrocarbon prediction
Authors: Liu Changcheng , Ghosh Deva 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTHydrocarbon prediction from seismic amplitude and amplitude‐versus‐offset is a daunting task. Amplitude interpretation is ambiguous due to the effects of lithology and pore fluid. In this paper, we propose a new attribute “J” based on a Gassmann–Biot fluid substitution to reduce ambiguity. Constrained by seismic and rock physics, theJattribute has good ability to detect hydrocarbons from seismic data. There are currently many attributes for hydrocarbon prediction. Among the existing attributes, far‐minus‐near times far and fluid factor are commonly used. In this paper, the effectiveness of these two existing attributes was compared with the new attribute. Numerical modelling was used to test the new attribute “J” and to compare “J” with the two existing attributes. The results showed that theJattribute can predict the existence of hydrocarbon in different porosity scenarios with less ambiguity than the other two attributes. Tests conducted with real seismic data demonstrated the effectiveness of theJattribute. TheJattribute has performed well in scenarios in which the other two attributes gave inaccurate predictions. The proposed attribute “J” is fast and simple, and it could be used as a first step in hydrocarbon analysis for exploration.
How many broadleaved trees are enough in conifer plantations? The economy of land sharing, land sparing and quantitative targets
Authors: Yamaura Yuichi , Shoji Yasushi , Mitsuda Yasushi , Utsugi Hajime , Tsuge Takahiro , Kuriyama Koichi , Nakamura Futoshi 
Published: April 2016

Summary

For biodiversity conservation to be an effective and significant social investment, non‐marketed values of biodiversity conservation and its associated opportunity costs should be evaluated in monetary terms.

In this study, we measured the willingness to pay (WTP) for bird abundance using a choice experiment (CE) based on the random utility model. We performed a cost–benefit analysis to identify the optimal proportion of broadleaved trees in conifer plantations on a volume basis to maximize the social benefits of bird conservation and wood production.

The results suggested that respondents to the CE were not satisfied with their current situation and preferred an increase in bird abundance. However, the estimated WTP indicated diminishing returns of bird conservation. More specifically, WTP first greatly increased before gradually experiencing decreasing marginal values, reaching its peak and finally decreasing slightly with increasing bird abundance.

Optimization analyses indicated that when the relationship between bird abundance and broadleaved tree proportion was convex, semi‐natural plantations with nonzero broadleaved tree proportion (0·02–0·22) were always optimal options. When the relationship was linear, optimal broadleaved tree proportion ranged from 0 to 0·78 and was greatly affected by wood values. When the relationship was concave, there were only two optimal broadleaved tree proportions: a very high proportion (approximately 0·90) and the lowest possible proportion (0). When the convex and concave relationships approached the linear form, comparable benefits could be attained across broad ranges of broadleaved tree proportion both within and across the relationships. In such cases, it would be useful to increase the likelihood of a feasible land‐use strategy of either land sparing or land sharing in order to be successful.

Synthesis and applications. It can be difficult to set quantitative targets in biodiversity conservation solely on an ecological basis, and social benefits of biodiversity conservation can create diminishing returns in many situations. The framework we propose shows how to reconcile resource production and biodiversity conservation in the real world.
The ecology of wildlife disease surveillance: demographic and prevalence fluctuations undermine surveillance
Authors: Walton Laura , Marion Glenn , Davidson Ross S. , White Piran C.L. , Smith Lesley A. , Gavier‐Widen Dolores , Yon Lisa , Hannant Duncan , Hutchings Michael R. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryWildlife disease surveillance is the first line of defence against infectious disease. Fluctuations in host populations and disease prevalence are a known feature of wildlife disease systems. However, the impact of such heterogeneities on the performance of surveillance is currently poorly understood.We present the first systematic exploration of the effects of fluctuations' prevalence and host population size on the efficacy of wildlife disease surveillance systems. In this study, efficacy is measured in terms of ability to estimate long‐term prevalence and detect disease risk.Our results suggest that for many wildlife disease systems, fluctuations in population size and disease lead to bias in surveillance‐based estimates of prevalence and overconfidence in assessments of both the precision of prevalence estimates and the power to detect disease.Neglecting such ecological effects may lead to poorly designed surveillance and ultimately to incorrect assessments of the risks posed by disease in wildlife. This will be most problematic in systems where prevalence fluctuations are large and disease fade‐outs occur. Such fluctuations are determined by the interaction of demography and disease dynamics. Although particularly likely in highly fluctuating populations typical of fecund short‐lived hosts, such fluctuations cannot be ruled out in more stable populations of longer‐lived hosts.Synthesis and applications. Fluctuations in population size and disease prevalence should be considered in the design and implementation of wildlife disease surveillance, and the framework presented here provides a template for conducting suitable power calculations. Ultimately, understanding the impact of fluctuations in demographic and epidemiological processes will enable improvements to wildlife disease surveillance systems leading to better characterization of, and protection against endemic, emerging and re‐emerging disease threats.
Threshold dynamics in plant succession after tree planting in agricultural riparian zones
Authors: Bourgeois Bérenger , Vanasse Anne , González Eduardo , Andersen Roxane , Poulin Monique 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Trajectories of plant communities can be described by different models of plant succession. While a Clementsian (gradual continuum model) or Gleasonian approach (relay floristics model) has traditionally been used to inform restoration outcomes, alternative succession models developed recently may better represent restoration trajectories. The threshold dynamics succession model, which predicts an abrupt species turnover after an environmental threshold is crossed, has never been used in a restoration context. This model might, however, better describe shifts in plant competitive ranking and facilitation interactions during species turnover.

Fifty‐three riparian zones, planted with trees 3–17 years prior to sampling, and 14 natural riparian forests were studied in two agricultural watersheds of south‐eastern Québec (Canada). The cover of vegetation strata was assessed at the site scale, and the cover of plant species was estimated in a total of 784 1‐m2 plots. Canopy cover was measured stereoscopically for each plot.

As revealed by Principal Response Curves and broken stick models, herbaceous species composition was stable during the first 12–13 years after tree planting, but then abruptly shifted. This two‐step pattern in species turnover followed the increase in canopy cover after tree planting. Once canopy cover passed a threshold of ca 40%, plant succession started and led to the re‐establishment of forest communities 17 years after planting.

Following herbaceous species turnover, the cover of ecological groups changed significantly towards covers of natural riparian forests: shade‐tolerant species generally increased, while light‐demanding and non‐native species decreased. Vegetation structure was also significantly affected by tree planting: tree and shrub cover increased, while monocot cover decreased.

Synthesis and applications. Tree planting efficiently restored herbaceous forest communities in riparian zones by inducing a species turnover mediated by light availability corresponding to the threshold dynamics model in plant succession. Fostering and monitoring canopy closure in tree‐planted riparian zones should improve restoration success and the design of alternative strategies. The innovative statistical approach of this study aiming to identify succession patterns and their associated theoretical models can guide future restoration in any type of ecosystem around the world to bridge the gap between science and management.
Modification of plant‐induced responses by an insect ecosystem engineer influences the colonization behaviour of subsequent shelter‐users
Authors: Uesugi Akane , Morrell Kimberly , Poelman Erik H. , Raaijmakers Ciska E. , Kessler André 
Published: April 2016

SummaryHerbivores that modify plant morphology, such as gall‐forming insects, can disproportionately impact arthropod community on their host plants by providing novel habitats and shelters from biotic and abiotic stresses. These ecosystem engineers could also modify plant chemical properties, but how such changes in plant quality affect the behaviour of subsequent colonizers has rarely been investigated.We explored how an initial infestation of the tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima) by an ecosystem engineer, the rosette gall‐midge (Rhopalomyia solidaginis), affects colonization behaviour of a shelter‐using beetle (Microrhopala vittata) through plant‐induced responses in the field.Beetles preferentially colonized plants with galls and exhibited a clumped distribution on those plants, which suggested a possible advantage for aggregating on galled plants. Accordingly, we found that beetles remained longer on galled plants with previous beetle damage than those without beetle damage. No such effect of beetle damage was found on plants without a gall. Similar interactions between galler infestation and beetle damage were found in beetle's feeding choice, leaf diterpene and serine protease inhibitor production, and volatile organic compound (VOC) emission. These plant metabolic induction and herbivore response patterns indicated that the gall‐midge can alter how plants respond to the beetle damage and that gall presence coupled with beetle damage improves leaf palatability for the beetle. Finally, we found reciprocal effects of beetles on gall‐midge performance to be neutral to slightly positive, suggesting that the observed field association of the two herbivores could be formed by plant‐mediated facilitation.Synthesis. Our study suggests that an ecosystem engineer could have significant impact on herbivore community not only by changing plant morphology, but also by altering host quality and modifying plant‐induced responses to subsequent herbivory. As such,R. solidaginisalso functions as a keystone herbivore that has disproportionate effects on community dynamics and composition meditated by induced plant growth and metabolic responses.
Comparing hospital and telephone follow‐up for patients treated for stage–I endometrial cancer (ENDCAT trial): a randomised, multicentre, non‐inferiority trial
Authors: Beaver K , Williamson S , Sutton C , Hollingworth W , Gardner A , Allton B , Abdel‐Aty M , Blackwood K , Burns S , Curwen D , Ghani R , Keating P , Murray S , Tomlinson A , Walker B , Willett M , Wood N , Martin‐Hirsch P 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of nurse‐led telephone follow‐up (TFU) for patients with stage–I endometrial cancer.DesignMulticentre, randomised, non‐inferiority trial.SettingFive centres in the North West of England.SampleA cohort of 259 women treated for stage–I endometrial cancer attending hospital outpatient clinics for routine follow‐up.MethodsParticipants were randomly allocated to receive traditional hospital based follow‐up (HFU) or nurse‐led TFU.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were psychological morbidity (State Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI–S) and patient satisfaction with the information provided. Secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction with service, quality of life, and time to detection of recurrence.ResultsThe STAI–S scores post‐randomisation were similar between groups [mean (SD): TFU 33.0 (11.0); HFU 35.5 (13.0)]. The estimated between‐group difference in STAI–S was 0.7 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI −1.9 to 3.3); the confidence interval lies above the non‐inferiority limit (−3.5), indicating the non‐inferiority of TFU. There was no significant difference between groups in reported satisfaction with information (odds ratio, OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.4–2.1; P = 0.83). Women in the HFU group were more likely to report being kept waiting for their appointment (P = 0.001), that they did not need any information (P = 0.003), and were less likely to report that the nurse knew about their particular case and situation (P = 0.005).ConclusionsThe TFU provides an effective alternative to HFU for patients with stage–I endometrial cancer, with no reported physical or psychological detriment. Patient satisfaction with information was high, with similar levels between groups.Tweetable abstractENDCAT trial shows effectiveness of nurse‐led telephone follow‐up for patients with stage‐I endometrial cancer.
Household economic resilience to catastrophic rainstorms and flooding in a Chinese megacity
Authors: Lo Alex Y. , Xu Bixia , Chan Faith , Su Ruixian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMegacities situated on flood plains face escalating risks of waterlogging and inundation. Tianjin is one of these megacities in China where residents are exposed to these risks and not well prepared for their consequences. Government policies should support the most vulnerable and less resilient groups. This study can inform policy‐making by identifying the socio‐economic characteristics of those who are financially better prepared for the consequences of catastrophic rainstorms and flooding. A structured questionnaire survey was administered to 332 Tianjin residents. Results confirm that financial conditions crucially determine household resilience to these natural hazards. Lower‐income and less educated urban residents have lower resilient capacity. Weak engagement in the community, including residential committees and other organisations, is related to lower capacity to cope with the economic consequences of extreme weather events. Less resilient groups are therefore those who are subject to urban poverty and have limited social capital. Tianjin and other cities in the developing world require resilience strategies that attend to this segment of urban population.
A Comparison of Flavor Differences between Pecan Cultivars in Raw and Roasted Forms
Authors: Magnuson Shelby M. , Kelly Brendan , Koppel Kadri , Reid William 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe objective of this research was to explore sensory differences among 8 different pecan cultivars (“Pawnee,” “Witte,” “Kanza,” “Major,” “Lakota,” “Giles,” “Maramec,” “Chetopa”) in raw and roasted forms. The cultivars were collected from 2 growing seasons (2013 and 2014) and evaluated separately. Trained panelists evaluated each cultivar from each season in raw and roasted forms, measuring intensities of 20 flavor attributes using descriptive analysis. The intensities of 10 of the 20 flavor attributes were higher for the roasted pecans across all cultivars. These included pecan ID, overall nutty, nutty‐woody, nutty‐grainlike, nutty‐buttery, brown, caramelized, roasted, overall sweet, and sweet. The cultivars exhibited significant differences from one another for 8 attributes: pecan ID, nutty‐buttery, caramelized, acrid, woody, oily, astringent, and bitter. Each of the cultivars displayed unique flavor profiles with some demonstrating extremes of certain attributes, for example the high astringency of “Lakota” or the buttery characteristics of “Pawnee.” These results may help pecan growers and pecan product manufacturers understand flavor differences between different varieties of pecans, both in raw and roasted states, and the changes that occur during this process.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is activated in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Wu Jian Sheng , Li Wei Min , Chen Yi Na , Zhao Qian , Chen Qin Fen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the most important cell organelles in the body, regulating protein synthesis, folding and aggregation. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a particular subcellular pathological process involving an imbalance of homeostasis and ER disorder. In the early stage of ERS, cells show a protective unfolded protein response that changes the cellular transcriptional and translational programs to alleviate the process. Therefore, a certain degree of ERS can activate the protective adaptation of cells, whereas sustained severe ERS triggers an apoptotic signal and leads to apoptosis. Acute pancreatitis is a disease caused by trypsin digestion of the pancreas, although the pathogenesis is not completely understood. However, a close association has been suggested between pancreatitis and ERS. This article reviewed relevant research advances and discussed the effect of ERS on the development and progression of acute pancreatitis.
Correspondence Between NANDA International Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes as Proposed by the Nursing Outcomes Classification
Authors: de Carvalho Emilia Campos , Eduardo Aline Helena Appoloni , Romanzini Adilson , Simão Talita Prado , Zamarioli Cristina Mara , Garbuio Danielle Cristina , Herdman Tracy Heather 
Published: April 2016

The accurate identification of the nursing diagnoses and the corresponding measurement of their indicators will depend on the elements in the standardized language systems.OBJECTIVETo analyze the correspondence between elements of four NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses and outcomes suggested by the nursing outcomes classification (NOC) for the resolution of these diagnoses.METHODA methodological study consisting of cross‐mapping was performed in the first stage between definitions, defining characteristics (DCs), and related factors (RFs) of impaired oral mucous membrane, impaired tissue integrity, spiritual distress, and delayed surgical recovery and outcome definitions and indicators to measure results of diagnoses resolution and an analysis of its relevance by experts in the second stage.RESULTSIt found partial correspondence between outcome indicators, DCs, RFs, and definitions.CONCLUSIONThe data evidence the relevance of this review for a reliable application of these taxonomies and demonstrated partial correspondence between concepts analyzed.A identificação precisa dos diagnósticos de enfermagem e a medida correspondente dos seus indicadores dependerá dos elementos nos sistemas de linguagem padronizados.OBJETIVOFoi analisar a correspondência entre os elementos de quatro NANDA‐I diagnósticos de enfermagem e os resultados sugeridos pelo NOC para a resolução destes diagnósticos.MÉTODOum estudo metodológico que consiste emcross‐mappingfoi realizado em uma primeira fase entre as definições, características definidoras e fatores relacionados de Mucosa oral prejudicada, Integridade tissular prejudicada, Sofrimento espiritual e Recuperação cirúrgica retardada e as definições dos resultados indicados para a resolução destes diagnósticos; na segunda fase, foi realizada uma análise desta concordância por especialistas.RESULTADOScorrespondência parcial entre as definições dos diagnósticos e dos resultados, características definidoras e fatores relacionados.CONCLUSÃOOs resultados evidenciam a relevância dessa avaliação para uma aplicação confiável destas taxonomias e demonstrou a correspondência parcial entre os conceitos analisados.
Clinical Validation of the Nursing Diagnosis of Sexual Dysfunction in Pregnant Women
Authors: Carteiro Dora , Caldeira Sílvia , Sousa Lisete , Costa Débora , Mendes Cláudia 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVEValidate the sexual dysfunction nursing diagnosis in pregnant women.METHODSCross‐sectional research using Richard Fehring's Clinical Diagnostic Validity Model.FINDINGSThe prevalence of diagnosis was 48.7% in a sample of 306 pregnant women. A total of 14 defining characteristics were validated: seven major and seven minor. Seeks confirmation of desirability had the highest sensitivity value and decrease in sexual desire had the highest specificity value. The total score was 0.79.CONCLUSIONSThe diagnosis was validated in this sample.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICEThe prevalence of the diagnosis is a requirement for effective intervention. Validation in different social and cultural contexts would increase the clinical evidence of this diagnosis.OBJETIVOValidar o diagnóstico de enfermagem disfunção sexual em mulheres grávidas.MÉTODOSEstudo transversal, segundo o modelo de validação clínica de Richard Fehring.RESULTADOSA prevalência foi de 48,7%em306gestantes. Um total de 14 características definidoras foram validadas: sete principais e sete secundárias. A característica definidora procura de confirmação de desejabilidade foi a mais sensível e a diminuição do desejo sexual, a mais específica. O score total do diagnóstico foi 0,79.CONCLUSÕESO diagnóstico foi validado nesta amostra.IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICAA prevalência do diagnóstico apela à intervenção de enfermagem efetiva. Estudos de validação em diferentes contextos sociais e culturais poderão contribuir para a melhoria da evidência científica do diagnóstico.
Osteoprotegerin Levels Decrease in Abstinent Alcohol‐Dependent Patients
Authors: Malik Peter , von Gleissenthall Gabriele , Gasser Rudolf W. , Moncayo Roy , Giesinger Johannes M. , Mechtcheriakov Sergei 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundOsteoprotegerin (OPG) is a parameter of increasing interest in the search for pathophysiological mechanisms of reduced bone mineral density (BMD). It has been shown to be increased in alcohol‐dependent subjects. In our study, we wanted to examine whether changes in OPG and receptor activator of the nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) levels during an 8‐week abstinence period in alcohol‐dependent patients treated in an alcohol rehabilitation clinic would occur and whether alcohol‐related variables, smoking, status, or physical activity prior to the study served as an influence on BMD and on OPG/RANKL levels.MethodsForty‐three patients, who were abstinent not longer than a week, were included in the study. OPG and RANKL as well as other markers of bone metabolism were measured at baseline, and after 8 weeks of treatment, BMD was measured once.ResultsOPG levels decreased significantly, while osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, increased significantly. RANKL as well as RANKL/OPG ratio, Serum CrossLaps, and all examined hormones showed no significant changes over time. Inflammatory parameters showed a significant reduction after 8 weeks. We detected no influence of potentially confounding variables of alcohol dependency on the course of OPG or other laboratory values.ConclusionsOur results could point to the well‐known risk for reduced BMD in these patients being reversible with abstinence through an excess of bone formation. We also confirmed earlier findings that inflammatory processes play a role in the pathogenesis of alcohol‐induced disturbances in bone metabolism.