bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INDONESIAN ISLAMIC EDUCATION: TOWARDS SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ja'far Handoko 
Published: June 2016

<p class="IIABSBARU">Education as the root of civilization has an important role in preparing human resources toward the effort of developing sciences. Nowadays, Moslem in the world are are divided into two attitudes: resisting and refusing the development of sciences. Both of the attitutes are needed to bridge wisely. It meant no one is burdened in facing modern sciences by the ways of appreciating the modern sciences, applying them appropriately and learning from the history of the development of knowledge in the glory age of Islam. This article tried to confirm that science as a result of education, is not only the representation of civilization but also the demonstration of the high value of civilization. In Indonesia, the idea to reconstruct the model of Islamic education is getting stronger in accordance with the development of modern education. In this context, the clasical knowledge as heritance needed to be transformed into the modern one. Transformation is something unavoidable by the institutions of Islamic education.</p><p class="IIABSBARU" align="center">***</p>Pendidikan -sebagai akar peradaban- memiliki peran penting dalam menyiapkan sumber daya manusia menghadapi perkembangan ilmu. Saat ini, sikap umat Islam terbelah menjadi dua: menolak dan menerima perkembangan ilmu. Kedua sikap ini perlu ditengahi secara bijaksana. Caranya, merasa tidak terbebani dalam menghadapi sains modern dengan memberikan apresiasi dan menerapkannya secara benar. Di samping itu, dengan cara belajar dari sejarah perkembangan ilmu di masa kejayaan Islam. Artikel ini berusaha menegaskan bahwa ilmu penge­tahu­an sebagai buah dari pendidikan, tidak hanya menjadi representasi peradaban tetapi juga mampu menunjukkan tingginya nilai peradaban. Di Indonesia, gagasan untuk merekonstruksi model pendidikan Islam menguat seiring dengan per­kembangan pendidikan modern. Dengan demikian, meskipun pengetahuan klasik merupakan warisan, namun perlu dilakukan transformasi ilmu yang selaras dengan dunia modern. Perubahan merupakan hal yang tidak dapat dihindari oleh lembaga pendidikan Islam.
Clinical and Spectrophotometric Evaluation of LED and Laser Activated Teeth Bleaching
Authors: Lo Giudice R. , Pantaleo G. , Lizio A. , Romeo U. , Castiello G. , Spagnuolo G. , Giudice G. Lo 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Auxiliary power sources (LED and laser) are used in in-office teeth bleaching techniques to accelerate the redox reaction of the whitening gel to increase ease of use, to improve comfort and safety, and to decrease the procedure time.

Objective:
The aim this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the teeth whitening procedures performed with hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide, LED or Laser activated.

Method:
18 patients, affected by exogenous dyschromia, were treated with a bleaching agent composed by 35% hydrogen peroxide and 10% carbamide peroxide. They were divided into two groups: in the first group the bleaching agent was activated by a LED lamp; in the second group it was activated by a Laser diode lamp. Both groups were subjected to 3 bleaching cycle of 15’ each. The chromatic evaluations were performed before and after one week from the treatment, using a chromatic scale and a spectrophotometer. The mean value of pre, post bleaching and follow-up were analyzed using a T-test, with results statistically significant for P<0,05.

Results:
Results showed that the variations in brightness, chroma and hue are significantly influenced by the interaction between the whitening agent and the original colour of the teeth. Laser-activation has marginally improved the bleaching effectiveness. All patients treated with laser activation complained an increase in dental sensitivity.

Conclusion:
The use of laser-activating systems did not improve the efficacy of bleaching.
The white matter tracts of the cerebrum in ventricular surgery and hydrocephalus
Authors: Güngör Abuzer , Baydin Serhat , Middlebrooks Erik H. , Tanriover Necmettin , Isler Cihan , Rhoton Albert L. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
The relationship of the white matter tracts to the lateral ventricles is important when planning surgical approaches to the ventricles and in understanding the symptoms of hydrocephalus. The authors' aim was to explore the relationship of the white matter tracts of the cerebrum to the lateral ventricles using fiber dissection technique and MR tractography and to discuss these findings in relation to approaches to ventricular lesions.

METHODS
Forty adult human formalin-fixed cadaveric hemispheres (20 brains) and 3 whole heads were examined using fiber dissection technique. The dissections were performed from lateral to medial, medial to lateral, superior to inferior, and inferior to superior. MR tractography showing the lateral ventricles aided in the understanding of the 3D relationships of the white matter tracts with the lateral ventricles.

RESULTS
The relationship between the lateral ventricles and the superior longitudinal I, II, and III, arcuate, vertical occipital, middle longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, inferior frontooccipital, uncinate, sledge runner, and lingular amygdaloidal fasciculi; and the anterior commissure fibers, optic radiations, internal capsule, corona radiata, thalamic radiations, cingulum, corpus callosum, fornix, caudate nucleus, thalamus, stria terminalis, and stria medullaris thalami were defined anatomically and radiologically. These fibers and structures have a consistent relationship to the lateral ventricles.

CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge of the relationship of the white matter tracts of the cerebrum to the lateral ventricles should aid in planning more accurate surgery for lesions within the lateral ventricles.
Surgery for meningioma in the elderly and long-term survival: comparison with an age- and sex-matched general population and with younger patients
Authors: Brokinkel Benjamin , Holling Markus , Spille Dorothee Cäcilia , Heß Katharina , Sauerland Cristina , Bleimüller Caroline , Paulus Werner , Wölfer Johannes , Stummer Walter 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to compare long-term prognosis after meningioma surgery in elderly and younger patients as well as to compare survival of elderly patients with surgically treated meningioma to survival rates for the general population.

METHODS
Five hundred meningioma patients (median follow-up 90 months) who underwent surgery between 1994 and 2009 were subdivided into “elderly” (age ≥ 65 years, n = 162) and “younger” (age < 65 years, n = 338) groups for uni- and multivariate analyses. Mortality was compared with rates for the age- and sex-matched general population.

RESULTS
The median age at diagnosis was 71 in the elderly group and 51 years in the younger group. Sex, intracranial tumor location, grade of resection, radiotherapy, and histopathological subtypes were similar in the 2 groups. High-grade (WHO Grades II and III) and spinal tumors were more common in older patients than in younger patients (15% vs 8%, p = 0.017, and 12% vs 4%, p = 0.001, respectively). The progression-free interval (PFI) was similar in the 2 groups, whereas mortality at 3 months after surgery was higher and median overall survival (OS) was shorter in older patients (7%, 191 months) than in younger patients (1%, median not reached; HR 4.9, 95% CI 2.75–8.74; p < 0.001). Otherwise, the median OS in elderly patients did not differ from the anticipated general life expectancy (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.70–1.50; p = 0.886). Within the older patient group, PFI was lower in patients with high-grade meningiomas (HR 24.74, 95% CI 4.23–144.66; p < 0.001) and after subtotal resection (HR 10.57, 95% CI 2.23–50.05; p = 0.003). Although extent of resection was independent of perioperative mortality, the median OS was longer after gross-total resection than after subtotal resection (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.09–6.69; p = 0.032).

CONCLUSIONS
Elderly patients with surgically treated meningioma do not suffer from impaired survival compared with the age-matched general population, and their PFI is similar to that of younger meningioma patients. These data help mitigate fears concerning surgical treatment of elderly patients in an aging society.
Low flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery predicting infarction after bypass surgery in adult moyamoya disease
Authors: Cho Hoyeon , Jo Kyung Il , Yu Jua , Yeon Je Young , Hong Seung-Chyul , Kim Jong Soo 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVEDirect and indirect bypass surgeries are recognized as the most effective treatments for preventing further stroke in adults with moyamoya disease (MMD). However, the risk factors for postoperative infarction after bypass surgery for MMD are not well established. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors for postoperative infarction. In particular, the authors sought to determine whether transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography measurements of mean flow velocity (MFV) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) could predict postrevascularization infarction.METHODSThe medical records of patients with MMD who underwent direct bypass surgery at the authors' institution between July 2012 and April 2015 were reviewed. The MFV in the MCA was measured with TCD ultrasonography and categorized as high (> 80 cm/sec), medium (40–80 cm/sec), and low (< 40 cm/sec). Postoperative MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging, was performed for all patients within a week of their surgery. Angiographic findings were classified according to the Suzuki scale. Postrevascularization infarction was defined as any diffusion restriction on postoperative MRI scans. Postoperative neurological status was assessed through a clinical chart review, and the modified Rankin Scale was used to evaluate clinical outcomes.RESULTSOf 43 hemispheres in which bypass surgery for MMD was performed, 11 showed postrevascularization infarction. Ten of these hemispheres had low MFV and 1 had medium MFV in the ipsilateral MCA. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, a low MFV was associated with postrevascularization infarction (adjusted OR 109.2, 95% CI 1.9–6245.3). A low MFV was also statistically significantly associated with more advanced MMD stage (p = 0.02).CONCLUSIONSA low MFV in the ipsilateral MCA may predict postrevascularization infarction. Bypass surgery for MMD appears to be safe in early-stage MMD. Results of TCD ultrasonography provide clinical data on the hemodynamics in MMD patients before and after revascularization.
Massive sialadenitis resulting in critical airway after elective craniotomy: case report
Authors: Vedantam Aditya , Hansen Daniel , Daniels Bradley , Lam Sandi 
Published: June 2016

The authors report an unusual case of acute, rapidly progressive, unilateral neck swelling following extubation after elective left anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy. Due to severe neck swelling, the patient developed critical airway compromise, brachial plexopathy, and Horner's syndrome. After critical airway management and appropriate rehabilitation, the patient recovered completely and remains seizure free at 1.5 years of follow-up.
This case highlights the importance of early recognition of acute postoperative sialadenitis and the steps needed to prevent serious morbidity and possible mortality from this rare complication.
The effect of vancomycin powder on human dural fibroblast culture and its implications for dural repair during spine surgery
Authors: Goldschmidt Ezequiel , Rasmussen Jorge , Chabot Joseph D. , Gandhoke Gurpreet , Luzzi Emilia , Merlotti Lina , Proni Romina , Loresi Mónica , Hamilton D. Kojo , Okonkwo David O. , Kanter Adam S. , Gerszten Peter C. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major source of morbidity after spinal surgery. Several recent studies have described the finding that applying vancomycin powder to the surgical bed may reduce the incidence of SSI. However, applying vancomycin in high concentrations has been shown in vitro to inhibit osteoblast proliferation and to induce cell death. Vancomycin may have a deleterious effect on dural healing after repair of an intentional or unintentional durotomy. This study was therefore undertaken to assess the effect of different concentrations of vancomycin on a human dura mater cell culture.

METHODS
Human dura intended for disposal after decompressive craniectomy was harvested. Explant primary cultures and subcultures were subsequently performed. Cells were characterized through common staining and immunohistochemistry. A growth curve was performed to assess the effect of different concentrations of vancomycin (40, 400, and 4000 μg/ml) on cell count. The effect of vancomycin on cellular shape, intercellular arrangement, and viability was also evaluated.

RESULTS
All dural tissue samples successfully developed into fusiform cells, demonstrating pseudopod projections and spindle formation. The cells demonstrated vimentin positivity and also had typical features of fibroblasts. When applied to the cultures, the highest dose of vancomycin induced generalized cell death within 24 hours. The mean (± SD) cell counts for control, 40, 400, and 4000 μg/ml were 38.72 ± 15.93, 36.28 ± 22.87, 19.48 ± 6.53, and 4.07 ± 9.66, respectively (p < 0.0001, ANOVA). Compared with controls, vancomycin-exposed cells histologically demonstrated a smaller cytoplasm and decreased pseudopodia formation resulting in the inhibition of normal spindle intercellular arrangement.

CONCLUSIONS
When vancomycin powder is applied locally, dural cells are exposed to a concentration several times greater than when delivered systemically. In this in vitro model, vancomycin induced dural cell death, inhibited growth, and altered cellular morphology in a concentration-dependent fashion. Defining a safe vancomycin concentration that is both bactericidal and also does not inhibit normal dural healing is necessary.
Four-year results of a prospective single-arm study on 200 semi-constrained total cervical disc prostheses: clinical and radiographic outcome
Authors: Meisel Hans-Jörg , Jurák Lubomír , Antinheimo Jussi , Arregui Ricardo , Bruchmann Bernhard , Čabraja Mario , Caroli Fabrizio , Kroppenstedt Stefan , Kryl Jan , Pohjola Juha , Shackleford Ian , Sola Steffen , Stosberg Peter , Stulik Jan , Woiciechowsky Christian , Suchomel Petr 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
Recent studies have described encouraging outcomes after cervical total disc replacement (cTDR), but there are also critical debates regarding the long-term effects of heterotopic ossification (HO) and the prevalence of adjacent-level degeneration. The aim in this paper was to provide 4-year clinical and radiographic outcome results on the activ C disc prosthesis.

METHODS
A total of 200 subjects underwent single-level activ C (Aesculap AG) implantation between C-3 and C-7 for the treatment of symptomatic degenerative disc disease. Clinical and radiographic assessments were performed preoperatively, intraoperatively, at discharge, and again at 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 4 years. Radiographic evaluations were done by an independent core laboratory using a specific software for quantitative motion analysis.

RESULTS
Neck Disability Index (NDI) and visual analog scale (VAS) score for neck and arm pain decreased significantly from baseline to the 4-year follow-up. The mean improvement for NDI was 20, for VAS severity and frequency of neck pain 26.4 and 28, and for VAS severity and frequency of arm pain 30.7 and 35.1, respectively. The neurological situation improved for the majority of patients (86.4%); 76.1% of cases were asymptomatic. Subsequent surgical interventions were reported in 7% of the cases, including device removals in 3%. In 2.5% a subsidence greater than 3 mm was recorded; 1 of these cases also had a migration greater than 3 mm. No device displacement, expulsion, disassembly, loose or fractured device, osteolysis, or facet joint degeneration at the index level was observed. Segmental lordotic alignment changed from −2.4° preoperatively to −6.2° at 4 years, and postoperative height was maintained during the follow-up. Advanced HO (Grade III and IV) was present in 27.1% of the cases; 82.4% showed segmental mobility. A progression of radiographic adjacent-segment degeneration occurred in 28.2%, but only 4.5% required surgical treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
The activ C is a safe and effective device for cervical disc replacement confirming the encouraging results after cTDR.
Clinical trial registration no.: NCT02492724 (clinicaltrials.gov)
Risk stratification in motor area–related glioma surgery based on navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation data
Authors: Rosenstock Tizian , Grittner Ulrike , Acker Güliz , Schwarzer Vera , Kulchytska Nataliia , Vajkoczy Peter , Picht Thomas 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is a noninvasive method for preoperatively localizing functional areas in patients with tumors in presumed motor eloquent areas. The aim of this study was to establish an nTMS-based risk stratification model by examining whether the results of nTMS mapping and its neurophysiological data predict postoperative motor outcome in glioma surgery.

METHODS
Included in this study were prospectively collected data for 113 patients undergoing bihemispheric nTMS examination prior to surgery for gliomas in presumed motor eloquent locations. Multiple ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to test for any association between preoperative nTMS-related variables and postoperative motor outcome.

RESULTS
A new motor deficit or deterioration due to a preexisting deficit was observed in 20% of cases after 7 days and in 22% after 3 months. In terms of tumor location, no new permanent deficit was observed when the distance between tumor and corticospinal tract was greater than 8 mm and the precentral gyrus was not infiltrated (p = 0.014). New postoperative deficits on Day 7 were associated with a pathological excitability of the motor cortices (interhemispheric resting motor threshold [RMT] ratio < 90% or > 110%, p = 0.031). Interestingly, motor function never improved when the RMT was significantly higher in the tumorous hemisphere than in the healthy hemisphere (RMT ratio > 110%).

CONCLUSIONS
The proposed risk stratification model, based on objective functional-anatomical and neurophysiological measures, enables one to counsel patients about the risk of functional deterioration or the potential for recovery.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for subdural and subgaleal drains
Authors: Lewis Ariane , Sen Rajeev , Hill Travis C. , James Herbert , Lin Jessica , Bhamra Harpaul , Martirosyan Nina , Pacione Donato 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
The authors sought to determine the effects of eliminating the use of prolonged prophylactic systemic antibiotics (PPSAs) in patients with subdural and subgaleal drains.

METHODS
Using a retrospective database, the authors collected data for patients over the age of 17 years who had undergone cranial surgery at their institution between December 2013 and July 2014 (PPSAs period) or between December 2014 and July 2015 (non-PPSAs period) and had subdural or subgaleal drains left in place postoperatively.

RESULTS
One hundred five patients in the PPSAs period and 80 in the non-PPSAs period were identified. The discontinuation of PPSAs did not result in an increase in the frequency of surgical site infection (SSI). The frequency of Clostridium difficile (CDI) and the growth of resistant bacteria were reduced in the non-PPSAs period in comparison with the PPSAs period. In the 8 months after the drain prophylaxis protocol was changed, $93,194.63 were saved in the costs of antibiotics and complications related to antibiotics.

CONCLUSIONS
After discontinuing PPSAs for patients with subdural or subgaleal drains at their institution, the authors did not observe an increase in the frequency of SSI. They did, however, note a decrease in the frequency of CDI and the growth of resistant organisms. It appears that not only can patients in this population do without PPSAs, but also that complications are avoided when antibiotic use is limited to 24 hours after surgery.
Population genetic analysis and bioclimatic modeling in Agave striata in the Chihuahuan Desert indicate higher genetic variation and lower differentiation in drier and more variable environments
Authors: Trejo Laura , Alvarado‐Cárdenas Leonardo O. , Scheinvar Enrique , Eguiarte Luis E. 
Published: June 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Is there an association between bioclimatic variables and genetic variation within species? This question can be approached by a detailed analysis of population genetics parameters along environmental gradients in recently originated species (so genetic drift does not further obscure the patterns). The genus Agave, with more than 200 recent species encompassing a diversity of morphologies and distributional patterns, is an adequate system for such analyses. We studied Agave striata, a widely distributed species from the Chihuahuan Desert, with a distinctive iteroparous reproductive ecology and two recognized subspecies with clear morphological differences. We used population genetic analyses along with bioclimatic studies to understand the effect of environment on the genetic variation and differentiation of this species.METHODS:We analyzed six populations of the subspecies A. striata subsp. striata, with a southern distribution, and six populations of A. striata subsp. falcata, with a northern distribution, using 48 ISSR loci and a total of 541 individuals (averaging 45 individuals per population). We assessed correlations between population genetics parameters (the levels of genetic variation and differentiation) and the bioclimatic variables of each population. We modeled each subspecies distribution and used linear correlations and multifactorial analysis of variance.KEY RESULTS:Genetic variation (measured as expected heterozygosity) increased at higher latitudes. Higher levels of genetic variation in populations were associated with a higher variation in environmental temperature and lower precipitation. Stronger population differentiation was associated with wetter and more variable precipitation in the southern distribution of the species. The two subspecies have genetic differences, which coincide with their climatic differences and potential distributions.CONCLUSIONS:Differences in genetic variation among populations and the genetic differentiation between A. striata subsp. striata and A. striata subsp. falcata is correlated with differences in environmental climatic variables along their distribution. We found two distinct gene pools that suggest active differentiation and perhaps incipient speciation. The detected association between genetic variation and environment variables indicates that climatic variables are playing an important role in the differentiation of A. striata.