bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reparation, slavery and political realism: The challenge of contemporary African leadership
Authors: Oyekan Adeolu Oluwaseyi 
Published: September 2016

In spite of some revisionist attempts to rationalise slavery as just another form of trade between interested parties, there is an overwhelming conviction that it represented an age of man’s highest inhumanity to fellow man. Accordingly, calls have been loud and persistent as to the need for reparation which though will never compensate for actual loss, nevertheless has the possibility of symbolising penitence and serve as cushion for some of the debilitating damages done. This paper examines the moral basis of the call for reparation. In agreeing with the moral validity of the claims, the paper probes further in a realistic manner and argue that African states in their present situation cannot make a serious case for reparation. The paper argues further that for African states to position themselves for genuine reparation struggles in this age of political realism, urgent steps must be taken to ensure the useful and productive deployment of available resources in Africa and remove the continent from its appendage status with the west. The paper concludes that only when African states are able to break the cycle of poverty and underdevelopment, freeing themselves from external manipulations can a credible and rewarding case for reparation be made.Keywords: Reparation, Slavery, Realism, Africa, Leadership
An essay concerning the foundational myth of ethnophilosophy
Authors: Attoe Aribiah David 
Published: September 2016

Ethnophilosophy, although glorified by some African philosophers, remains a problem in our undertakings in African philosophy. In its infancy, the problem revolved around the call for a total decolonization of African thought and philosophy, which eventually led to the proliferation of a vast array of mostly descriptive literature about the cultural views and practices of the African, sold to us as not only philosophy but genuine African philosophy. In more recent times, due to the growing development of African philosophy, this drive towards description is gradually waning and from its dying flames, a new and more subtle problem has arisen. This problem lays in the call by most African philosophers, to make philosophy done in Africa to be more African in nature, the methodology and/or logic of African philosophy becomes a narrow discourse which is based on the dogma of descriptive story telling of ethnophilosophy. This is the problem which this essay seeks to address. Thus I shall in this essay, expose the myth of ethnophilosophy and thereafter suggest that African philosophy builds its foundation on criticality rather than ethnophilosophy. As an addendum to this, it is also suggested here that the narrow nature of the false descriptive methodology of mainstream African philosophy (which is based on the more subtle implications of ethnophilosophy) be at the very least, de-emphasised. I shall employ conversationalism as the method of my inquiry.Keywords: Ethnophilosophy, myth, African philosophy, conversationalism, conversational school
Las litografías de Louis Lozowick y su influencia en Louis Kahn
Authors: Montes Serrano Carlos , Galván Desvaux Noelia 
Published: September 2016

Las pinturas y dibujos del arquitecto Louis Kahn fueron catalogados en el libro de Jan Hochstim (1991), permitiendo a los interesados por la obra gráfica de Kahn estudiarlos en mayor profundidad en posteriores publicaciones. En este ensayo pretendemos mostrar la posible influencia en algunos dibujos de Kahn de las litografías de Louis Lozowick, un artista muy celebrado a comienzos de los años treinta por sus dibujos de la American Scene.
Conversando con... Jean Nouvel
Authors: Gilabert Sanz Salvador , Cabodevilla-Artieda Ignacio 
Published: September 2016

<p>Jean Nouvel obtuvo el Premio Pritzker de arquitectura en 2008, un reconocimiento a su trayectoria como arquitecto, dentro del grupo de los que podríamos denominar Star Arquitects. En el año 1966 consiguió la primera plaza en el examen de acceso para asistir a la escuela de Bellas Artes, École de Beaux-Arts, en Paris donde se licenció en arquitectura en 1972. Ya antes de acabar sus estudios colaboraba con Claude Parent, y alentado por las inclinaciones antisistema de su mentor y las lecturas de los textos y ensayos del urbanista Paul Virilio, fue forjando su propio pensamiento crítico. Esta manera personal de ver las cosas le llevó a ser uno de los miembros fundadores del Movimiento Mars 1976, cuyo objetivo era oponerse al corporativismo de los arquitectos, siendo posteriormente uno de los fundadores del Sindicato de la Arquitectura. Sus firmes posiciones y opiniones, un tanto provocativas, sobre la arquitectura contemporánea en el contexto urbano, junto con su manera de reinventarse a sí mismo en los proyectos que ha emprendido han forjado su imagen internacional. Sus obras han obtenido el reconocimiento en todo el mundo a través de numerosos premios, franceses e internacionales, de gran prestigio. En 1989, el Instituto del Mundo Árabe de París fue galardonado con el Premio Aga-Khan, por su papel como “un puente exitoso entre las culturas francesa y árabes”. En 2000, Jean Nouvel recibió el León de Oro de la Bienal de Venecia, y en 2001, tres de los más importantes premios internacionales: la Real Medalla de Oro del Instituto Real de Arquitectos Británicos (RIBA), el Premium Imperial de la Asociación de Bellas Artes de Japón y el Premio Borromini por el Centro de Cultura y Congresos en Lucerna. Fue nombrado Doctor Honoris Causa por el Royal College of Art de Londres en 2002. Tres años más tarde, recibió el premio anual de la Fundación Wolf en Israel “por proporcionar un nuevo modelo de contextualismo y la redefinición de la dialéctica entre las dos características más destacadas de la arquitectura contemporánea: concreción y efímero”. La Torre Agbar de Barcelona recibió el Premio Internacional Highrise 2006, “ya que hace una contribución excepcional al debate actual sobre los rascacielos”. En 2008 recibió el ya nombrado Pritzker Prize, y en Francia, ha sido galardonado con numerosos premios incluyendo la Medalla de Oro de la Academia Francesa de Arquitectura, dos Equerres d’Argent y el Gran Premio Nacional de Arquitectura.</p>
La arquitectura desplegable conmemora los XXV años de paz. 50 Aniversario del Pabellón de Emilio Pérez Piñero
Authors: Pérez Belda Emilio A. , Pérez Almagro M. Carmen 
Published: September 2016

Emilio Pérez Piñero realiza un pabellón transportable para exposiciones basado en una estructura reticular desplegable plana fabricada en aluminio. La cubierta de 8.000 m2 alberga la exposición conmemorativa España 64. Con este hito estructural el gobierno de la época pretendía dar a conocer los logros conseguidos desde el final de la Guerra Civil española, en el marco conmemorativo de los XXV Años de Paz. El Ministerio de Información y Turismo fue el promotor de este encargo que estuvo instalado en Madrid, San Sebastián y Barcelona.
Concepto y representación espacial en la arquitectura expositiva del movimiento moderno. Reflexiones sobre la retícula, el vacío y la transparencia
Authors: Layuno Rosas Ángeles 
Published: September 2016

<p>La concepción del espacio expositivo moderno fue consecuencia de la simbiosis de los avances técnicos y los cambios en el pensamiento científico y filosófico que presidieron las investigaciones de la arquitectura y el arte de vanguardia. Sobre estas premisas, se analizan los proyectos y propuestas teóricas de arquitectos como Mies van der Rohe y Lina Bo Bardi, con el objetivo de indagar en el contenido ideológico y estético de los principios de la tradición expositiva del Movimiento Moderno. En este sentido, los diversos documentos gráficos resultan de máxima relevancia como medios que contribuyen a reconstruir una historia expositiva sobre el papel, o transformada con el tiempo.</p>
A numerical study of back-building process in a quasistationary rainband
with extreme rainfall over northern Taiwan during 11–12 June 2012
Authors: Wang Chung-Chieh , Chiou Bing-Kui , Chen George Tai-Jen , Kuo Hung-Chi , Liu Ching-Hwang 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. During 11–12 June 2012, quasistationary linear mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) developed near northern Taiwan and produced extreme rainfall up to 510 mm and severe flooding in Taipei. In the midst of background forcing of low-level convergence, the back-building (BB) process in these MCSs contributed to the extreme rainfall and thus is investigated using a cloud-resolving model in the case study here. Specifically, as the cold pool mechanism is not responsible for the triggering of new BB cells in this subtropical event during the meiyu season, we seek answers to the question why the location about 15–30 km upstream from the old cell is still often more favorable for new cell initiation than other places in the MCS. With a horizontal grid size of 1.5 km, the linear MCS and the BB process in this case are successfully reproduced, and the latter is found to be influenced more by the thermodynamic and less by dynamic effects based on a detailed analysis of convective-scale pressure perturbations. During initiation in a background with convective instability and near-surface convergence, new cells are associated with positive (negative) buoyancy below (above) due to latent heating (adiabatic cooling), which represents a gradual destabilization. At the beginning, the new development is close to the old convection, which provides stronger warming below and additional cooling at mid-levels from evaporation of condensates in the downdraft at the rear flank, thus yielding a more rapid destabilization. This enhanced upward decrease in buoyancy at low levels eventually creates an upward perturbation pressure gradient force to drive further development along with the positive buoyancy itself. After the new cell has gained sufficient strength, the old cell's rear-flank downdraft also acts to separate the new cell to about 20 km upstream. Therefore, the advantages of the location in the BB process can be explained even without the lifting at the leading edge of the cold outflow.
Large-scale coordinated observations of Pc5 pulsation
events
Authors: Mtumela Zolile , Walker Anthony D. M. , Stephenson Judy A. E. , Kosch Michael J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. HF (high-frequency) radars belonging to SuperDARN (Super Dual Auroral Radar Network) receive backscatter over substantial fields of view which, when combined, allow for simultaneous returns over extensive regions of the polar caps and midlatitudes. This makes them ideal instruments for the observation of pulsations in the Pc5 (1–5 mHz) frequency band. Relatively few pulsation events observed by multiple radars have been reported in the literature. Here we describe observations of three such events which extend over more than 120° of magnetic longitude in the Northern Hemisphere and one of which is also detected in the Southern Hemisphere. All three events show characteristics of field line resonances. In one case the pulsation has also been observed by magnetometers under or near the radar fields of view. The extensive longitudinal coverage allows accurate determination of azimuthal wave numbers. These are at the upper end of the lower values associated with external sources such as those in the solar wind. Such sources imply antisunward flow. However, the azimuthal wave number is negative, implying westward propagation at magnetic local times on both sides of noon, as would be expected from drift–bounce resonance with positive particles. Quiet conditions and a very low ring current during the events argue against this. The identification of the source of pulsations from a number of different mechanisms remains a problem of interest.
Keeping Internet Users in the Know or in the Dark: An Analysis of the Data Privacy Transparency of Canadian Internet Carriers
Authors: Clement Andrew , Obar Jonathan A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In the wake of Snowden's revelations about National Security Agency (NSA) surveillance, demands that Internet carriers be more forthcoming about their handling of personal information have intensified. Responding to this concern, this report evaluates the data privacy transparency of forty-three Internet carriers serving the Canadian public. Carriers are awarded up to ten stars based on the public availability of information satisfying ten transparency criteria. Carriers earn few stars overall, just 92.5 out of 430, an average of two of ten possible stars. A variety of policy recommendations are provided to encourage and guide further data privacy transparency efforts in Canada as well as around the world.
A “Light Meal” Three Hours Preoperatively Decreases the Incidence of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux in Dogs
Authors: Savvas Ioannis , Raptopoulos Dimitrios , Rallis Timoleon 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTEmerging evidence from veterinary and medical clinical research shows that reducing preoperative fasting time may reduce the incidence of gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) intraoperatively. In order to evaluate the effect of two different preoperative fasting times on the incidence of GER during general anesthesia, 120 dogs were randomly assigned to two groups: administration of canned food 3 h before premedication (group C3, n = 60) and administration of canned food 10 h before premedication (group C10, n = 60). The animals were premedicated with propionyl-promazine. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium and maintained with halothane. A pH electrode was introduced into the esophagus, and the esophageal pH was constantly monitored. Esophageal pH of less than 4 or greater than 7.5 was taken as an indication of GER. Three of the 60 dogs of group C3 and 12 of the 60 dogs of group C10 experienced a GER episode, the difference being statistically significant (P = .025). Feeding the dog 3 h before anesthesia at a half daily rate reduces significantly the incidence of GER during anesthesia, compared to the administration of the same amount and type of food 10 h before anesthesia. The administration of a half daily dose of an ordinary canine diet may be useful in clinical practice.
Fatal Oleander Toxicosis in Two Miniature Horses
Authors: Butler Jarrod , Khan Safdar , Scarzella Gina 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Two young American miniature horses from the same farm were evaluated by a veterinarian due to presence of lethargy, anorexia, and cardiac arrhythmias. Both horses were treated aggressively with IV fluids and other supportive measures. The first horse died approximately 72 hr after the start of clinical signs and the second horse was humanely euthanized due to poor response to treatment. Oleander toxicosis was suspected based on the types of clinical signs present and due to several oleander plants and dried leaves present on the property. Oleander toxicosis was confirmed by the presence of oleandrin in gastrointestinal contents and digoxin in the serum of second horse.
Border Collie Collapse: Owner Survey Results and Veterinary Description of Videotaped Episodes
Authors: Taylor Susan , Minor Katie , Shmon Cindy L. , Shelton G. Diane , Patterson Edward E. , Mickelson James R. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTCompleted surveys were obtained from owners of 165 border collies experiencing repeated episodes of abnormal gait or collapse during strenuous exercise. Unremarkable veterinary evaluation and lack of disease progression over time made common systemic, cardiac, and neurologic causes of exercise intolerance unlikely. Survey questions addressed signalment, age of onset, description of episodes, and owner perception of factors associated with collapse. Most dogs were young adults (median 2 yr) when episodes began, and they had experienced from 2 to more than 100 episodes (median 6) prior to their owners completing the survey. Retrieving was the activity most commonly associated with episodes (112/165 dogs, 68%), followed by herding stock (39/165 dogs, 24%). Owners reported that high environmental temperatures (111/165 dogs, 67%) and excitement (67/165 dogs, 41%) increased the likelihood of their dog having an episode during strenuous activity. Veterinary evaluation of videotapes of presumed border collie collapse (BCC) episodes (40 dogs) were used to provide a description of the typical features of BCC episodes. Altered mentation, symmetrical ataxia affecting all four limbs, increased pelvic limb extensor tone and toe scuffing or knuckling, truncal swaying, and falling to the side were common features, suggesting that BCC may be an episodic diffuse central nervous system disorder.
2016 AAHA/IAAHPC End-of-Life Care Guidelines
Authors: Bishop Gail , Cooney Kathleen , Cox Shea , Downing Robin , Mitchener Kathy , Shanan Amir , Soares Nancy , Stevens Brenda , Wynn Tammy 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTEnd-of-life (EOL) care and decisionmaking embody the critical final stage in a pet's life and are as important and meaningful as the sum of the clinical care provided for all prior life stages. EOL care should focus on maximizing patient comfort and minimizing suffering while providing a collaborative and supportive partnership with the caregiver client. Timely, empathetic, and nonjudgmental communication is the hallmark of effective client support. Veterinarians should not allow an EOL patient to succumb to a natural death without considering the option of euthanasia and ensuring that other measures to alleviate discomfort and distress are in place. Animal hospice care addresses the patient's unique emotional and social needs as well as the physical needs traditionally treated in clinical practice. An EOL treatment plan should consist of client education; evaluating the caregiver's needs and goals for the pet; and a collaborative, personalized, written treatment plan involving the clinical staff and client. Primary care practices should have a dedicated team to implement palliative and hospice care for EOL patients. How the healthcare team responds to a client's grief after the loss of a pet can be a key factor in the client's continued loyalty to the practice. Referral to professional grief-support counseling can be a helpful option in this regard.
Enteroscopía como método diagnóstico para neoplasias de intestino delgado
Authors: Rivas Luis , Gómez Verónica 
Published: September 2016

Las neoplasias del tubo digestivo constituyen un verdadero reto para el médico. Hasta hace unos años el estudio de la patología del intestino delgado se realizaba a través de métodos no invasivos de visión indirecta (tránsito intestinal, tomografía computarizada axial, resonancia magnética nuclear o gammagrafía) o métodos invasivos de visión directa que exploraban la totalidad de intestino delgado a través de cirugías abdominales (enteroscopía intraoperatoria). Con el inicio de la enteroscopía por pulsión los tumores benignos o malignos localizados entre la 2° porción del duodeno y la válvula ileocecal, han dejado de ser diagnósticos apegados a procedimientos con baja sensibilidad o una elevada tasa de complicaciones. La facilidad con la cual la enteroscopía puede realizar un diagnóstico histopatológico a través de la toma de muestras o la realización de un tratamiento terapéutico lo vuelven una herramienta útil para el médico y la búsqueda de tumores del intestino delgado.El presente caso corresponde a un paciente masculino, de 64 años, conocido por una enfermedad diverticular, quien presenta síntomas constitucionales que hacen sospechar una neoplasia del tracto digestivo; se realiza una endoscopia de tubo digestivo superior la cual es normal, luego una Tomografía Axial Computarizada Abdominal que muestra una lesión a nivel de la 4° porción del duodeno en la que no puede establecerse su origen intra o extra-luminal, hasta que se realiza una enteroscopía como un método diagnóstico. CREA CIENCIA Vol. 9 N° 1 ISSN 1818-202X enero-junio 2014, pp.28-31
Investigation the Effects of Metformin versus Insulin on Neonatal and Maternal Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Clinical Trail
Authors: Najafian Mahin , Barati Mojgan , Masihi Sara , Fardipor Ailin 
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of metformin versus insulin in the glycemic control and to investigate the maternal and neonatal outcomes in in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes were randomized to either receive metformin (n=70) or insulin (n=70). Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancy, following healthy diet and performing exercise for at least one week without satisfactory blood glucose level, no risk factor contributing to lactic acidosis, and no anatomic and/or chromosome anomalies. Two patients were excluded from the study due to lost to follow-up. The mean score of BMI and FBS after treatment was similar between two groups. But, the mean score of 2 hours blood sugar in insulin group (104.38±7.06 mg/dl) was significantly higher than metformin group (97.5±5.98 mg/dl) (P&lt;0.0001). The weight gain in metformin group was slightly lower than insulin group. (P=0.123). The proportion of neonatal hypoglycemia in insulin group was higher than metformin group (20 vs 3, P=0.002). Other neonatal outcomes such as IUGR, IUFD, fetal anomaly, polyhydramnios, macrosomia, oligohydramnios, and NICU stay did not differ significantly between two groups. In conclusion, metformin had compatible effect with insulin in decreasing adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes even in some parameters such as neonatal hypoglycemia it works better. Totally, metformin is safe and effectiveness in controlling the gestational diabetes mellitus.
Topical Vasodilator Response is Significantly Higher in Skeletonized Internal Mammary Artery
Authors: Butt Nida , Hamid Sarah , Hussain Mujtaba , Alam Ali , Soomro Hala , Ahmad Tahreem , Ahmed Madiha , Golani Ekta , Ukrani Janta Devi , Iftikhar Faisal , Tufail Rehmat , Begg Maha , Saleem Samar , Sultan Ayyaz Alam , Jameel Rohail , Shahnawaz Waqas , Farrukh Zohaib , Khan Asadullah 
Published: September 2016

<p><strong>AIM OF THE STUDY</strong><strong>:</strong> Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is the gold standard for the treatment of multi-vessel and left main coronary artery disease. However, there is considerable debate that whether left internal mammary artery (IMA) should be taken as pedicled or skeletonized. This study was conducted to assess the difference in blood flow after application of topical vasodilator in skeletonized and pedicled IMA.</p><p><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>: </strong>In this study, each patient underwent either skeletonized (n=25) or pedicled IMA harvesting (n=25). The type of graft on each individual patient was decided randomly. Intra-operative variables such as conduit length and blood flow were measured by the surgeon himself. The length of the grafted IMA was carefully determined in-vivo, with the proximal and distal ends attached, from the first rib to IMA divergence. The IMA flow was measured on two separate occasions; before and after application of topical vasodilator. Known cases of subclavian artery stenosis and previous sternal radiation were excluded from the study.</p><p><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> The blood flow before application of topical vasodilator was similar in both the groups (<em>P</em>=0.227). However, the flow was significantly less in pedicled than skeletonized IMA after application of vasodilator (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Similarly, the length of skeletonized graft was significantly higher than the length of pedicled graft (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION</strong><strong>:</strong> Our study signifies that skeletonization of IMA results in increased graft length and blood flow especially after the application of topical vasodilator. However, we recommend that long term clinical trials should be conducted to fully determine long term patency rates of skeletonized IMA.</p>