bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Better Never to Have Been Born
Authors: Thomas Dan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe pro‐life paradox, as I call it, begins with a single claim endorsed by many American Christians: infants and young children are innocent in the sight of God because they cannot yet take responsibility for their spiritual well‐being. With this in mind, I argue that pro‐life believers have unwittingly fallen victim to a theological paradox in which their attempts to save the earthly lives of unborn children make it theoretically possible for said children to die an eternal death. On the one hand, many Christians trust in an eventual spiritual reckoning where God will separate the “sheep” from the “goats” (see Matthew 25:31–46), ushering the former into heaven while damning the latter to hell. However, those who cannot yet repent and seek salvation are not blamed for their spiritual failings. If they die, they go to heaven because they are too young and intellectually immature to know any better. But if dead children are spiritually blameless, then abortion practitioners have perversely and paradoxically saved millions of unborn souls by removing human volition (and thus damnation itself) from the equation and by making it possible for the unborn to experience the joys of heaven without the temptations of earth.
Associations Between Adolescents' Weight and Maladjustment Differ With Deviation From Weight Norms in Social Contexts
Authors: Sutter Carolyn , Nishina Adrienne , Witkow Melissa R. , Bellmore Amy 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn line with the reflected self‐appraisal hypothesis, previous research finds associations between weight and maladjustment are strongest when there is a mismatch between individuals' weight and the weight norm of their social contexts. However, research has not considered associations in more proximal social contexts. We examined differences in associations between weight and maladjustment for 2 proximal social contexts: grade‐level peers and friendship groups.METHODSWe used sixth‐graders (N = 565; Mage = 12 years) self‐reported height and weight (used to calculate body mass index (BMI) z‐score), experiences of peer victimization, and depressive symptoms. Deviation from the normative weight was calculated as the students' BMI z‐score minus the average BMI z‐score for the context (grade‐level peers or friendship group).RESULTSConsidering deviations from grade‐level peers, greater BMI z‐scores were associated with more self‐reported peer victimization only for students above the weight norm. For the friendship group, greater weight was associated with more self‐reported depressive symptoms only for those who were above the normative weight.CONCLUSIONSBeing heavier during adolescence may be especially problematic for students who differ from the norm in their proximal social contexts. Intervention efforts focused on weight and maladjustment may want to consider the contexts involved in adolescents' self‐appraisals.
Support for Offering Sexual Health Services Through School‐Based Health Clinics
Authors: Moore Michele Johnson , Barr Elissa , Wilson Kristina , Griner Stacey 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDNumerous studies document support for sexuality education in the schools. However, there is a dearth of research assessing support for sexual health services offered through school‐based health clinics (SBHCs). The purpose of this study was to assess voter support for offering 3 sexual health services (STI/HIV testing, STI/HIV treatment, condom distribution) through SBHCs.METHODSThe survey was developed after review of existing surveys on support for sexuality education and sexual health services. The university's Public Opinion Research Laboratory used random‐digit‐dialing to administer the survey to participants (N = 311) including residential and cell phone numbers.RESULTSMost participants were supportive of offering sexual health services at both middle schools (MS) and high schools (HS): testing for STIs/HIV (61% MS, 76% HS), treatment for STIs/HIV (60% MS, 75% HS), and provision of condoms (44% MS, 63% HS). Analyses showed significant differences in support for sexual health services by a few demographic variables, opinions about sexuality education, and the percentage of students perceived to have had sexual intercourse.CONCLUSIONSResults document support for offering sexual health services through SBHCs. These findings may benefit other communities looking to implement similar clinics. Such services have great potential for positively impacting the sexual health of youth.
Reference intervals for transthoracic echocardiography in the English springer spaniel: a prospective, longitudinal study
Authors: Dickson D. , Shave R. , Rishniw M. , Harris J. , Patteson M. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo establish transthoracic echocardiographic reference intervals in adult English springer spaniel dogs.MethodsForty‐two healthy adult English springer spaniels were prospectively recruited from a general practice population in the UK. Animals were examined twice, at least 12 months apart, to exclude dogs with progressive cardiac disease. Reference intervals were calculated using Box–Cox transformations and specific variables were depicted within an expert consensus range. Relationships of body mass, age and heart rate with cardiac structure and function were examined and functional assessments were compared with previous reports. Reference intervals were compared against published ratiometric indices and allometric scaling models.ResultsThirty‐nine dogs contributed to create the reference intervals. Significant relationships with bodyweight, age and heart rate were detected, although low coefficients of determination were found. Fractional shortening values were lower than has been reported in many breeds but Simpson‐derived ejection fractions were similar to previously published breed‐specific values.Clinical SignificanceBreed‐specific reference intervals are reported allowing for more appropriate interpretation of echocardiographic assessments in the English springer spaniel.
Blocking Effects in the Learning of Chinese Classifiers
Authors: Paul Jing Z. , Grüter Theres 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study investigated order‐of‐learning effects on the acquisition of classifier‐noun associations in Chinese in two experiments modeled after Arnon and Ramscar's (2012) study of artificial language learning. In Experiment 1, learners with no prior exposure to Chinese showed better learning of classifier–noun associations when exposed to larger units (sentences) before smaller ones (words) than vice versa, replicating Arnon and Ramscar's findings in a natural language. In Experiment 2, learners with 5 to 7 weeks of classroom exposure to Chinese completed the same procedure. No order‐of‐learning effects emerged, suggesting that even basic prior knowledge of Chinese eliminated the advantage of initial exposure to larger units. These findings shed light on the extent to which blocking effects arising from carefully controlled lab‐based training scale up, from artificial to natural language learning and to learning contexts involving relevant experience beyond a controlled training phase. Implications for language instruction and curriculum design are discussed.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. Study materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository at http://www.iris-database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki
Metaproteomics reveals metabolic transitions between healthy and diseased stony coral Mussismilia braziliensis
Authors: Garcia Gizele D. , Santos Eidy de O. , Sousa Gabriele V. , Zingali Russolina B. , Thompson Cristiane C. , Thompson Fabiano L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInfectious diseases such as white plague syndrome (WPS) and black band disease (BBD) have caused massive coral loss worldwide. We performed a metaproteomic study on the Abrolhos coral Mussismilia braziliensis to define the types of proteins expressed in healthy corals compared to WPS‐ and BBD‐affected corals. A total of 6363 MS/MS spectra were identified as 361 different proteins. Healthy corals had a set of proteins that may be considered markers of holobiont homoeostasis, including tubulin, histone, Rab family, ribosomal, peridinin–chlorophyll a‐binding protein, F0F1‐type ATP synthase, alpha‐iG protein, calmodulin and ADP‐ribosylation factor. Cnidaria proteins found in healthy M. braziliensis were associated with Cnidaria–Symbiodinium endosymbiosis and included chaperones (hsp70, hsp90 and calreticulin), structural and membrane modelling proteins (actin) and proteins with functions related to intracellular vesicular traffic (Rab7 and ADP‐ribosylation factor 1) and signal transduction (14‐3‐3 protein and calmodulin). WPS resulted in a clear shift in the predominance of proteins, from those related to aerobic nitrogen‐fixing bacteria (i.e. Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales and Actinomycetales) in healthy corals to those produced by facultative/anaerobic sulphate‐reducing bacteria (i.e. Enterobacteriales, Alteromonadales, Clostridiales and Bacteroidetes) in WPS corals. BBD corals developed a diverse community dominated by cyanobacteria and sulphur cycle bacteria. Hsp60, hsp90 and adenosylhomocysteinase proteins were produced mainly by cyanobacteria in BBD corals, which is consistent with elevated oxidative stress in hydrogen sulphide‐ and cyanotoxin‐rich environments. This study demonstrates the usefulness of metaproteomics for gaining better comprehension of coral metabolic status in health and disease, especially in reef systems such as the Abrolhos that are suffering from the increase in global and local threatening events.
Alleles at a quantitative trait locus for stem solidness in wheat affect temporal patterns of pith expression and level of resistance to the wheat stem sawfly
Authors: Varella Andrea C. , Talbert Luther E. , Hofland Megan L. , Buteler Micaela , Sherman Jamie D. , Blake Nancy K. , Heo Hwa‐Young , Martin John M. , Weaver David K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe stem solidness trait in wheat has been the most effective mechanism for management of the wheat stem sawfly (WSS) for six decades. However, recent results have shown that in certain genotypes, the degree of stem solidness is not a useful indicator of WSS resistance. A morphological characterization of solidness expression indicated that in the genotype ‘Conan’, very solid pith undergoes rapid retraction during stem maturation, resulting in significantly less solidness at maturity. In other solid‐stemmed genotypes, including the standard WSS‐resistant cultivar ‘Choteau’, dense pith in the stem remains nearly unchanged throughout plant development. In cage trials, ‘Conan’ plants were less preferred for oviposition by the WSS when paired with ‘Choteau’ plants. Field bioassays using near‐isogenic lines differing for alleles at Qss.msub‐3BL showed that the Conan allele provides higher levels of early stem solidness and rapid pith retraction during stem maturation. These results suggest that the traditional approach for increasing WSS resistance by selecting for increasing stem solidness needs to be modified to consider temporal variations in pith expression associated with alleles at Qss.msub‐3BL.
Rice‐produced MSP142 of Plasmodium falciparum elicits antibodies that inhibit parasite growth in vitro
Authors: Chen Q. , Liang W. , Qian F. , Qian B. , Cao J. , Zhang D. , Xu Y. , Tang L. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryMany malaria antigens contain multiple disulphide bonds involved in the formation of inhibitory B‐cell epitopes. Producing properly folded malaria antigens in sufficient quantities for vaccination is often a challenge. The 42‐kDa fragment of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP142) is such a kind of malaria antigen. In this study, we investigated the expression of MSP142 in a rice system (9522, a cultivar of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica), which was used as a bioreactor for protein production. The MSP142 gene was synthesized according to rice‐preferred codons and transformed into rice plants via an Agrobacterium‐mediated method. The recombinant antigen was efficiently expressed in rice seeds with a level up to 1.56% of total soluble protein and was recognized by both the conformational monoclonal antibody 5.2 (mAb5.2) and the pooled sera of P. falciparum malaria patients. Rabbits were immunized intramuscularly with the purified MSP142 formulated with Freund's adjuvant. High antibody titres against MSP142 were elicited. The rabbit immune sera reacted well with the native protein of P. falciparum parasite and strongly inhibited the in vitro growth of blood‐stage P. falciparum parasites, demonstrating that transgenic rice can become an efficient bioreactor for the production of malaria vaccine antigens.
Protocols for treating patients with end‐stage renal disease: a survey of AEGD/GPR dental residencies
Authors: Howell Scott , Perry Maureen Munnelly , Patel Nipa 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTRationale/BackgroundApproximately 14% of Americans are living with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence of end stage renal disease (ESRD), the result of progressing CKD continues to rise by 21,000 per year.Currently the only antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines for patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing dental treatment were published by the AHA in 2003. Presented in three parts, the first part of this study found no consistent protocols amongst U.S. dental schools. The goal of the second part of the project was to determine the current protocol being used to treat ESRD patients at accredited U.S. AEGD and GPR programs.Methods and MaterialsA 20 multiple choice question survey was e‐mailed to 262 directors of AEGDs and GPRs within the United States regarding renal treatment protocol details and antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with renal disease.Results34% of respondents reported having an established renal treatment protocol. For programs with a protocol, 65.5% of programs reported following AHA guidelines.ConclusionThere is a lack of consistent, established protocols amongst U.S. AEGD and GPR programs. It is suggested that updated and evidence based guidelines for the safe treatment of patients be developed.
Intergenerational Mobility in Norway, 1865–2011
Authors: Modalsli Jørgen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThere are large differences in intergenerational mobility between countries. Little is known, however, about how persistent such differences are, and how they evolve over time. This paper constructs a data set of 835,537 linked father–son pairs from census records and documents a substantial increase in intergenerational occupational mobility in Norway between 1865 and 2011. The increase is most pronounced in non‐farm occupations. The findings show that long‐run mobility developments previously described for the US and UK are not necessarily representative for other countries, and that high mobility in a given country today need not reflect high mobility before industrialization.
Metabolic fate of adenine in red blood cells during storage in SAGM solution
Authors: Paglia Giuseppe , Sigurjónsson Ólafur E. , Bordbar Aarash , Rolfsson Óttar , Magnusdottir Manuela , Palsson Sirus , Wichuk Kristine , Gudmundsson Sveinn , Palsson Bernhard O. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDRed blood cells (RBCs) are routinely stored and transfused worldwide. Recently, metabolomics have shown that RBCs experience a three‐phase metabolic decay process during storage, resulting in the definition of three distinct metabolic phenotypes, occurring between Days 1 and 10, 11 and 17, and 18 and 46. Here we use metabolomics and stable isotope labeling analysis to study adenine metabolism in RBCs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 6 units were prepared in SAGM or modified additive solutions (ASs) containing 15N5‐adenine. Three of them were spiked with 15N5‐adenine on Days 10, 14, and 17 during storage. Each unit was sampled 10 times spanning Day 1 to Day 32. At each time point metabolic profiling was performed.RESULTSWe increased adenine concentration in the AS and we pulsed the adenine concentration during storage and found that in both cases the RBCs' main metabolic pathways were not affected. Our data clearly show that RBCs cannot consume adenine after 18 days of storage, even if it is still present in the storage solution. However, increased levels of adenine influenced S‐adenosylmethionine metabolism.CONCLUSIONIn this work, we have studied in detail the metabolic fate of adenine during RBC storage in SAGM. Adenine is one of the main substrates used by RBCs, but the metabolic shift observed during storage is not caused by an absence of adenine later in storage. The rate of adenine consumption strongly correlated with duration of storage but not with the amount of adenine present in the AS.
First Complete Genome Sequence of Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus Isolated from Honey Bees (
Apis mellifera
) in China
Authors: Li Beibei , Hou Chunsheng , Deng Shuai , Zhang Xuefeng , Chu Yanna , Yuan Chunying , Diao Qingyun 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) is a serious viral disease affecting adult bees. We report here the complete genome sequence of CBPV, which was isolated from a honey bee colony with the symptom of severe crawling. The genome of CBPV consists of two segments, RNA 1 and RNA 2, containing respective overlapping fragments.
A
Narnavirus
-Like Element from the Trypanosomatid Protozoan Parasite
Leptomonas seymouri
Authors: Lye Lon-Fye , Akopyants Natalia S. , Dobson Deborah E. , Beverley Stephen M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Genome sequences were determined for a novel RNA virus,
Leptomonas seymouri
Narna-like virus 1 (LepseyNLV1). A 2.9-kb segment encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), while a smaller 1.5-kb segment showed no database search matches. This is the first report of bisegmented
Narnaviridae
from insect trypanosomatids.
Complete Genome Sequence of Highly Virulent Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Variants That Recently Emerged in the United States
Authors: Workman Aspen M. , Smith Timothy P. L. , Osorio Fernando A. , Vu Hiep L. X. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
A recent outbreak of particularly virulent disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus has occurred in swine herds across the United States. We report here the complete genome sequence of eight viral isolates from four Nebraska herds experiencing an outbreak of severe disease in 2016.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Thermophilic Desulfurization Bacterium,
Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius
Strain W-2
Authors: Zhu Lin , Li Mingchang , Guo Shuyi , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius
strain W-2 is a thermophilic bacterium isolated from a deep-subsurface oil reservoir in northern China, which is capable of degrading organosulfur compounds. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
G. thermoglucosidasius
strain W-2, which may help to elucidate the genetic basis of biodegradation of organosulfur pollutants under heated conditions.
Potentially disruptive life events: what are the immediate impacts on chronic disease management? A case-crossover analysis
Authors: Lauffenburger Julie C , Gagne Joshua J , Song Zirui , Brill Gregory , Choudhry Niteesh K 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo explore the association between unexpected potentially disruptive life events in a patient or family member that may challenge an individual's ability to take medications as prescribed and the discontinuation of evidence-based medications for common, chronic conditions. Understanding the relationship between medication adherence and life stressors, especially those that can be identified using administrative data, may help identify patients at risk of non-adherence.DesignObservational self-controlled case-crossover design.SettingIndividuals in a nationally representative US commercial health insurance database.ParticipantsAdult individuals who initiated an oral hypoglycaemic, antihypertensive and/or statin and subsequently stopped the medication for ≥90 days.Main outcome measurePotentially disruptive life events among patients and their family members measured in the 30 days just before the medication was discontinued (‘hazard period’) compared with the 30 days before this period (‘control period’). These events included personal injury, hospitalisation, emergency room visits, changes in insurance coverage, acute stress or acute anxiety.ResultsAmong the 326 519 patients meeting study criteria who discontinued their chronic disease medications, 88 896 (27.2%) experienced at least one potentially disruptive life event. Newly experiencing an injury (OR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.42), an emergency room visit (OR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.26) and acute stress (OR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.31) were associated with discontinuation. Life events among patients’ family members did not appear to be associated with medication discontinuation or occurred less frequently just prior to discontinuation.ConclusionsPotentially disruptive life events among individuals identified using routinely collected claims data are associated with discontinuation of chronic disease medications. Awareness of these events may help providers or payers identify patients at risk of non-adherence to maximise patient outcomes.