bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of D-dimer Levels with Clinical Event Rates and the Efficacy of Betrixaban versus Enoxaparin in the APEX Trial
Authors: Gibson C. , Jennings Lisa , Chi Gerald , Yee Megan , Halaby Rim , Nafee Tarek , AlKhalfan Fahad , Kerneis Mathieu , Korjian Serge , Daaboul Yazan , Goldhaber Samuel , Hull Russel , Hernandez Adrian , Cohen Alexander , Harrington Robert 
Published: January 2018

Background Elevated D-dimer concentrations are associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, they may also provide prognostic value. The present analysis sought to study the association of D-dimer levels with VTE event rates and the efficacy of betrixaban versus enoxaparin in the APEX trial.
Methods Hospitalized acutely medically ill subjects (n = 7,513) were randomized in a double-dummy double-blind fashion to either extended-duration oral betrixaban (80 mg once daily for 35–42 days) or standard dose subcutaneous enoxaparin (40 mg once daily for 10 ± 4 days) for venous thromboprophylaxis. D-dimer was assessed using a central core laboratory measurement.
Results For every 0.25 µg/mL increase in D-dimer concentration, there was a 2% increase in the relative risk of experiencing the primary efficacy endpoint (asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis [DVT], symptomatic DVT, nonfatal pulmonary embolism, or VTE-related death) in both the betrixaban (p < 0.001) and enoxaparin (p < 0.001) treatment arms. Among D-dimer-positive (≥ 2 × upper limit of normal; corresponding to ≥ 1.00 µg/mL) subjects, extended-duration betrixaban reduced the risk of experiencing the primary efficacy outcome (5.4% [n = 124] vs. 7.6% [n = 170]; odds ratio = 0.69; 95% confidence interval: 0.55–0.88; absolute risk reduction = 2.2%, number needed to treat = 46, p = 0.003). There was no interaction between D-dimer and the treatment effect (p
int = 0.53).
Conclusion Extended-duration betrixaban was superior to standard-duration enoxaparin, irrespective of D-dimer level at baseline. To prevent one VTE event, 46 D-dimer-positive patients would need to be treated with betrixaban.
Nux vomica: Schlafstörungen – Verdacht auf pränatale Genese
Authors: Hadulla Michael 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungAm Beispiel der Einschlafstörungen eines Säuglings sollen die Möglichkeiten einer homöopathischen Therapie veranschaulicht werden. Neben der akuten Symptomatik fällt dabei auch das nicht selten vorkommende „Verwobensein“ von Ätiologie und deren Folgesymptomatik auf. Neben dem kurativen Arzneimittel Nux vomica werden noch weitere bewährte Indikationen für die Behandlung von Beschwerden innerhalb der Neonatalzeit vorgestellt.
Die Homöopathie in der Klinik: Homöopathische Sprechstunde für Frauen mit Krebserkrankung im Hamburger Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum
Authors: Jahn Stefanie 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungAuf dem Bremer Homöopathiekongress im Jahr 2016 wurde die Vernetzung der in Kliniken homöopathisch tätigen Ärztinnen und Ärzte, die im Jahr zuvor von Kolleginnen und Kollegen der geriatrischen Rehabilitations-Klinik in Welzheim initiiert wurde, weiter vorangetrieben. Ziel ist, Homöopathie in der Klinik, auch für den Nachwuchs, zu stärken. Dargestellt wurden die verschiedenen Formen, Homöopathie in Krankenhäusern anzubieten, beispielsweise als Konsiliarärztin/-arzt. In diesem Artikel wird ein zusätzliches und pragmatisches Angebot einer homöopathischen/naturheilkundlichen Begleittherapie für an Krebs erkrankte Frauen im Hamburger Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum aufgezeigt.
Emergence of cooperation and division of labor in the primitively eusocial waspRopalidia marginata
Authors: Brahma Anindita , Mandal Souvik , Gadagkar Raghavendra 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceCooperation and division of labor are two important features of eusocial insects such as ants, bees, wasps, and termites. Using the primitively eusocial waspRopalidia marginata, we investigated the minimum requirements for the emergence of cooperation and division of labor, both reproductive and nonreproductive, and their effect on productivity (i.e., total brood of a colony). We show that (i) two wasps are adequate for the emergence of reproductive division of labor and cooperation and that three wasps are both necessary and sufficient for the additional emergence of nonreproductive division of labor and (ii) reproductive division of labor and cooperation are inadequate for increasing productivity, which comes about only with the addition of nonreproductive division of labor.
Faulty neuronal determination and cell polarization are reverted by modulating HD early phenotypes
Authors: Conforti P. , Besusso D. , Bocchi V. D. , Faedo A. , Cesana E. , Rossetti G. , Ranzani V. , Svendsen C. N. , Thompson L. M. , Toselli M. , Biella G. , Pagani M. , Cattaneo E. 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceWe report that huntingtin mutation affects specific aspects of human neurodevelopment at the level of neuronal progenitor specification and its early commitment, leading to an abnormal cell organization and acquisition of mature neuronal identities in cerebral organoids. We also show that down-regulation of mutant huntingtin or pharmacological inhibition of one of its effectors, ADAM10, successfully rescues neuronal differentiation, suggesting that an early intervention may revert neurodegeneration later in life.
Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of interconnectedness and modularity
Authors: Nordbotten Jan M. , Levin Simon A. , Szathmáry Eörs , Stenseth Nils C. 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceThis work contains two major theoretical contributions: Firstly, we define a general set of measures, referred to as interconnectedness, which generalizes and combines classical notions of diversity and modularity. Secondly, we analyze the temporal evolution of interconnectedness based on a microscale model of ecoevolutionary dynamics. This we do by providing a platform for understanding how and why macroecological phenomena change over long time scales. Such a platform allows us to show how the drivers of the dynamics of macroecological descriptors, such as interconnectedness, can be partitioned into three components: (i) ecologically driven change, (ii) evolutionarily driven change, and (iii) environmentally driven change.
Single-crystal metal growth on amorphous insulating substrates
Authors: Zhang Kai , Pitner Xue Bai , Yang Rui , Nix William D. , Plummer James D. , Fan Jonathan A. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Eliminating grain boundaries of metal structures is desirable for many electronic and nanooptical applications. However, a technique that can be used to grow large-scale patterned single-crystal metal on amorphous insulating substrate has not been demonstrated. In this work, we show that using liquid phase epitaxy, microstructures of single-crystal metal can be grown on amorphous insulating substrates such as silicon dioxide with high yield. The single-crystal metal can be further patterned on the insulating substrate with lithography into functional devices, which avoids the transfer, and is largely scalable. This technology platform will reduce the failure of metal structures in electronic systems, and enable more efficient plasmonic nanostructures.
Rice bran supplement prevents UVB-induced skin photoaging in vivo
Authors: Ha Su Jeong , Park Joon , Lee Jangho , Song Kyung-Mo , Um Min Young , Cho Suengmok , Jung Sung Keun 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Although rice bran consumption is reportedly has numerous beneficial effects on human health, the relationship between rice bran and the prevention of photoaging has not been investigated in detail. We sought to investigate whether consumption of rice bran supplement (RBS) can elicit preventive effects against UVB-induced photoaging in vivo. Dorsal skin sections of hairless mice were exposed to UVB over 16 weeks. RBS consumption suppressed UVB-induced wrinkle formation and inhibited the loss of water content and epidermal thickening in the mouse skin. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that repeated exposure to UVB upregulated matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, while consumption of RBS suppressed MMP-13 and COX-2 expression, as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. These findings suggest that RBS could be a potential bioactive ingredient in nutricosmetics to inhibit wrinkle formation and water content loss via the suppression of COX-2 and MMP-13 expression.
Reproducibility of work ability and work functioning instruments
Authors: van Schaaijk A , Nieuwenhuijsen K , Frings-Dresen M H W , Sluiter J K 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Work ability (WA) and work functioning (WF) instruments can be useful in occupational health practice. The reproducibility of both instruments is important to their relevance for daily practice. Clinimetrics concerns the methodological and statistical quality of instruments and their performance in practice.

Aims
To assess the reproducibility of WA and WF instruments.

Methods
Dutch workers completed a questionnaire containing WA questions and the WF questionnaire twice with a 7-day interval between. The questionnaire included an appraisal of current general, physical and mental/emotional WA (0–10) and the composite WF questionnaire of 49 items (0–100). We measured reproducibility, reliability and agreement by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the standard error of measurement (SEM) and the smallest detectable change (SDC).

Results
The answers of 104 respondents were available for analysis. General, physical and mental/emotional WA had ICC values of 0.52, 0.69 and 0.56, respectively. For WF, the ICC value was 0.85. For general WA, the SEM was 0.71. For physical and mental/emotional WA, the SEMs were 0.75 and 0.74, respectively. For general, physical and mental/emotional WA, the SDC was 1.98, 2.09 and 2.05 respectively. The SEM of the WF score was 4.78, and the SDC was 13.25.

Conclusions
The WA questions showed moderate reliability, while the WF instrument showed good reliability. Occupational health professionals can use the SDCs of the instruments to monitor changes in WA and WF in workers over time.
Rapid Reversal of Complete Binocular Blindness With High-Dose Corticosteroids and Lumbar Drain in a Solid Organ Transplant Recipient With Cryptococcal Meningitis and Immune Reconstitution Syndrome: First Case Study and Literature Review
Authors: Weiss Zoe , Mehta Nihaal , Aung Su Nandar , Migliori Michael , Farmakiotis Dimitrios 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Blindness is a rare, devastating, usually permanent complication of cryptococcal meningitis (CM). We present the first case of complete vision loss in a solid organ transplant recipient with CM treated with placement of a lumbar drain who had a dramatic visual recovery that started after 3 doses of high-dose steroids.
The BAP1 deubiquitinase complex is a general transcriptional co-activator
Authors: Campagne Antoine , Zielinski Dina , Michaud Audrey , Corre Stéphanie Le , Dingli Florent , Chen Hong , Vassilev Ivaylo , Lee Ming-Kang , Servant Nicolas , Loew Damarys , Pasmant Eric , Postel-Vinay Sophie , Wassef Michel , Margueron Raphaël 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTInDrosophila, a complex consisting of Calypso and ASX catalyzes H2A deubiquitination and has been reported to act as part of the Polycomb machinery in transcriptional silencing. The mammalian homologs of these proteins (BAP1 and ASXL1/2/3, respectively), are frequently mutated in various cancer types, yet their precise functions remain unclear. Using an integrative approach based on isogenic cell lines generated with CRISPR/Cas9, we uncover an unanticipated role for BAP1 in gene activation. This function requires the assembly of an enzymatically active BAPl-associated core complex (BAP1.com) containing one of the redundant ASXL proteins. We investigated the mechanism underlying BAP1.com-mediated transcriptional regulation and show that it functions neither in synergy nor by antagonism with the Polycomb machinery. Instead, our results provide compelling evidence that BAP1.com acts as a general transcriptional co-activator.
Genealogies in Growing Solid Tumors
Authors: Rick Durrett Duke U. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOver the past two decades, the theory of tumor evolution has largely focused on the selective sweeps model. According to this theory, tumors evolve by a succession of clonal expansions that are initiated by driver mutations that have a fitness advantage over the resident types. A 2015 study of colon cancer [44] has suggested an alternative theory of tumor evolution, the so-called Big Bang model, in which all of the necessary driver mutations are acquired before expansion began, and the evolutionary dynamics within the expanding population are predominantly neutral. In this paper, we will describe a simple mathematical model inspired by work of Hallatschek and Nelson [25] that makes quantitative predictions about spatial patterns of genetic variability. While this model has some success in matching observed patterns in two dimensions, it fails miserably in three dimensions. Despite this failure, we think the model analyzed here will be a useful first step in building an accurate model.
A Novel Computational Framework to Predict the Impact of a Point Mutation on PDZ Domain Classification
Authors: Moinuddin Muhammad , Aftab Wasim , Memic Adnan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPDZ domains represent one of the most common protein homology regions playing key roles in several diseases. Point mutations (PM) in amino acid primary sequence of PDZ domains can alter domain functions by affecting for example, downstream phosphorylation, a pivotal process in biology. Our goal in this present study was to introduce a novel approach to investigate how point mutations within the Class 1, Class 2 and Class 1–2 PDZ domains could affect the changes in binding with their partner ligands and hence affect their classification. We focused on features in PDZ domains of various species including human, rat and mouse. However, our work represents a generic computational framework that could be used to analyze PM in any given PDZ sequence. We have adopted two different approaches to investigate the impact of PM. In the first approach, we have developed a statistical model using bigram frequencies of amino acids and employed six different similarity measures to contrast the bigram frequency distribution of a wild type sequence relevant to its point mutants. In the next approach, we developed a statistical method that incorporates the impact of bigram frequency history associated with each mutational site that we call history weighted conditional change in probabilities. In this PM study, we observed that the history weighted method performs best when compared to all other methods studied in terms of picking up sites in PDZ domain where a PM could flip the class. We anticipate that this method will present a step forward towards computational techniques unveiling PDZ domain point mutants that largely affect the protein-ligand binding, specificity and affinity. We hope that this and future studies could aid therapy in which PDZ mutations have been implicated as the main disease drivers such as the Usher syndrome.
Trade credit supply in African agro-food manufacturing industry: determinants and motives
Authors: Dary Stanley Kojo , James Jr Harvey S. 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants and motives for supply of trade credit among agro-food manufacturing firms in African countries.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a subsample of food manufacturing firms from World Bank Enterprise Survey in eight African countries in 2014. Two-limit Tobit models are specified for the determinants of trade credit supply (TCS) and the motives for TCS are inferred from the determinants. An instrumental variable two-limit Tobit model is estimated to check the endogeneity of trade credit received (TCR) in relation to trade credit supplied.FindingsThe level of TCS is significantly related with degree of product diversification, manager experience, level of TCR and overdraft availability. From the results, financing motives (particularly liquidity and redistribution) and commercial motives (particularly marketing and quality guarantee motives) for TCS are implied.Research limitations/implicationsThe parameter estimates may contain both demand and supply effects as the two effects cannot be separated due to absence of information on firms’ customers in the data set. The results should be interpreted in this context.Originality/valueThe motives for TCS by agro-food firms is less understood in the agricultural finance literature and this paper makes an important contribution in this regard. In particular, the paper shows the degree of product diversification is directly associated with TCS, a relationship which has not been explored in the trade credit literature.
Teaching a sense of initiative and entrepreneurship with constructive alignment in tertiary non-business contexts
Authors: Morselli Daniele 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on a course in entrepreneurship education for students studying for a Masters in Educational Sciences at a Finnish university. The course was structured around the principles of constructive alignment and aimed to move beyond reflection on entrepreneurship towards actionDesign/methodology/approachThe course was delivered in alignment with intended learning outcomes, teaching and learning activities, and assessment. Along with lectures, group work and peer-review activities, students prepared a career development plan as the course progressed, undertook a homework assignment, wrote a reflective journal, and sat the GET2 test twice.FindingsQuantitative and qualitative analysis suggests that students developed more enterprising attitudes as result of participating in the course. This paper makes an argument in favour of entrepreneurship as a subject for all, a transformative experience capable of shaping the mindset in all who participate.Originality/valueThis paper shows how a course on entrepreneurial education based on a “through” approach can be taught at a tertiary level in places other than economics faculties or business schools. Most tertiary courses rely on “about” and “for” approaches to entrepreneurial education, are teacher-centred, and follow a behaviouristic or cognitive learning paradigm of knowledge transmission, as opposed to the student-centred constructivist approach deployed and described here.
Two-phase explicit CBS procedure for compressible viscous flow transport in porous materials
Authors: Cortellessa Gino , Arpino Fausto , Di Fraia Simona , Scungio Mauro 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
In this work, a new two-phase version of the finite element-based Artificial Compressibility (AC) Characteristic-Based Split (CBS) algorithm is developed and applied for the first time to heat and mass transfer phenomena in porous media with associated phase change. The purpose of this study is to provide an alternative for the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of multiphase transport phenomena in porous media. Traditionally, the more complex Separate Flow Model was used in which the vapour and liquid phases were considered as distinct fluids and mathematically described by the conservation laws for each phase separately, resulting in a large number of governing equations.

Design/methodology/approach
Even though the adopted mathematical model presents analogies with the conventional multicomponent mixture flow model, it is characterized by a considerable reduction in the number of the differential equations for the primary variables. The fixed-grid numerical formulation can be applied to the resolution of general problems that may simultaneously include a superheated vapour region, a two-phase zone and a sub-cooled liquid region in a single physical domain with irregular and moving phase interfaces in between. The local thermal non-equilibrium model is introduced to consider the heat exchange between fluid and solid within the porous matrix.

Findings
The numerical model is verified considering the transport phenomena in a homogenous and isotropic porous medium in which water is injected from one side and heated from the other side, where it leaves the computational domain in a superheated vapour state. Dominant forces are represented by capillary interactions and two-phase heat conduction. The obtained results have been compared with the numerical data available in the scientific literature.

Social implications
The present algorithm provides a powerful routine tool for the numerical modelling of complex two-phase transport processes in porous media.

Originality/value
For the first time, the stabilized AC-CBS scheme is applied to the resolution of compressible viscous flow transport in porous materials with associated phase change. A properly stabilized matrix inversion-free procedure employs an adaptive local time step that allows acceleration of the solution process even in the presence of large source terms and low diffusion coefficients values (near the phase change point).
Schlieren and Mie scattering techniques for the ECN “spray G” characterization and 3D CFD model validation
Authors: Piazzullo Daniele , Costa Michela , Allocca Luigi , Montanaro Alessandro , Rocco Vittorio 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to study the heat transfer phenomenon occurring between heated walls and impinging fuel, showing the strict relationship between cooling effect after impingement and enhancing of wallfilm formation. The study focuses on a fundamental task in terms of pollutant emissions in internal combustion engines, aiming at giving a major contribution to the optimization of energy conversion systems in terms of environmental impact.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on experimental campaigns relevant at taking measurements of an impinging spray over a heated wall in a confined vessel. The results, in both qualitative and quantitative terms (measurements of liquid and vapour radial penetration and thickness), are numerically reproduced by a computational model based on a Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes approach, properly validated through customized sub-models.FindingsThe paper provides quantitative results about the agreement between radial penetration and vapour thickness between measurements and simulation, achieved by taking into account the cooling effect determined by the fuel impingement. This validation of the numerical model allows the author to give more considerations about the link between wall temperature and wallfilm formation.Originality/valueThis paper presents an original approach for the simulation of wall heat transfer, by imposing a boundary condition at the wall that may consider the heat conduction and temperature cooling given by fuel impingement in both lateral and normal directions. The classical Dirichlet boundary condition, characterized by imposing a fixed temperature value, is, instead, replaced by an approach based on calculating the unsteady process that couples the heat fluxes between the fluid and the solid material and within the solid itself.