bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Activation to Faces, Degraded Faces, and Their Inverted Counterparts
Authors: Linkenkaer-Hansen K , Sams M , Hietanen J K , Ilmoniemi R J 
Published: December 2015

We investigated electrophysiological correlates of activation to faces, pointillised faces (degraded to a degree still allowing face perception), and their inverted counterparts. Evoked magnetic fields to the four stimulus categories were recorded by 122-channel magnetoencephalography (MEG) in six subjects. Simultaneously recorded 64-channel EEG provided visual evoked potentials in four subjects. Analysis of the onset, peak latencies, and the signal strength of the face enhanced N170 response indicated the following. (1) In general, the MEG and EEG recordings supported each other. (2) Degrading the images delayed both the onset and peak latencies. Degrading the upright faces increased activity in some subjects, but activity to the degraded inverted faces was lower in all subjects. (3) Inversion delayed the onset latency of both the original and degraded faces by 4 – 10 ms on average. A similar shift was found for the peak latency of the inverted original face images. However, their pointillised counterparts peaked on average 26 ms later when inverted. The signal amplitude also reflected a differential effect of inverting original vs degraded faces; whereas original faces evoked larger responses in all six subjects, the signal to inverted degraded faces decreased in four subjects. The findings suggest that the analysis of both the onset (100 – 120 ms) and peak activity (150 – 170 ms) is important for understanding face processing. The effect of inversion on the evoked responses was found to be different for the original and pointillised faces.
Illusory Contours Do Not Capture Stereopsis—They Just Constrain the Depth Spreading
Authors: Häkkinen J , Kojo I , Liinasuo M , Nyman G 
Published: December 2015

If vertical cut-out sectors defining a Kanizsa square are given crossed disparity, the illusory figure appears in depth. Such an illusory figure can pull the background pattern inside the illusory figure to the same depth. It has been assumed that illusory contours are necessary for this phenomenon, which is called stereo capture (Ramachandran, 1986 Perception & Psychophysics39 361 – 373). However, we noticed that the vertical cut-out sectors of the inducing figures (‘pacmen’) are not the only structures that can capture the background texture. The rows of background dots that are enclosed between the disparate vertical cut-out sectors also have unambiguous stereoscopic depth. Thus it might be possible that the disparate rows alone capture the background texture. To investigate our hypothesis we created a stereogram in which the inducing figures were removed. It consisted of a dotted background texture and four areas devoid of dots. The dotless areas corresponded to the areas which were occluded by the original inducing figures. Because of this, the top and bottom rows inside the central area were in crossed disparity. According to our results (a) depth capture also occurred without illusory contours; (b) when illusory contours were not present, the depth of the disparate rows spread more often to other areas. Usually the depth spread first to the central area of the figure and after that horizontally to other areas of the figure. Therefore, we conclude that illusory contours do not capture stereopsis—they just constrain the depth spreading.
One Eye is Usually Centred Horizontally (and near the Golden Section Vertically) in Portraits over the Past 500 Years
Authors: Tyler C W 
Published: December 2015

Although the eyes are a key feature of facial portraits, compositional rules for the placement of the eyes relative to the frame are obscure. Two hypotheses of eye position in the portrait frame were compared: that the pair of eyes were symmetrically placed or that one eye was centred in the frame. Portraits were defined as paintings of a single person from the waist up without other dominant objects or animals in the scene. From all artists represented in seven source-books on portraiture over the past five centuries (eg from van Eyck to Picasso), the first portrait in which both eyes were visible was analysed (170 portraits). Horizontal and vertical eye and mouth positions were measured as a proportion of frame width and height. The eyes in portraits tend to cluster horizontally around the centre vertical, with one eye centred in a normal distribution with a sigma of only ±5% of the frame width. The binocular mean had a bimodal distribution implying that one or other eye was usually centred. Conversely, the eye height distribution was not centred vertically but peaked close to the classic golden ratio of 0.618 (where the smaller portion has the same ratio to the larger as does the larger to the whole), with virtually no eyes below the vertical centre. The mouth distribution was much broader than that of the centred eye. The eye centring with an accuracy of ∼1 eye width seems not to be mentioned in art criticism, which suggests that unconscious functions operate in our aesthetic judgements.
Adaptive gene- and pathway-trait association testing with GWAS summary statistics
Authors: Kwak Il-Youp , Pan Wei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground: Gene- and pathway-based analyses offer a useful alternative and complement to the usual single SNP-based analysis for GWAS. On the other hand, most existing gene- and pathway-based tests are not highly adaptive, and/or require the availability of individual-level genotype and phenotype data. It would be desirable to have highly adaptive tests applicable to summary statistics for single SNPs. This has become increasingly important given the popularity of large-scale meta-analyses of multiple GWASs and the practical availability of either single GWAS or meta-analyzed GWAS summary statistics for single SNPs.Results: We extend two adaptive tests for gene- and pathway-level association with a univariate trait to the case with GWAS summary statistics without individual-level genotype and phenotype data. We use the WTCCC GWAS data to evaluate and compare the proposed methods and several existing methods. We further illustrate their applications to a meta-analyzed dataset to identify genes and pathways associated with blood pressure, demonstrating the potential usefulness of the proposed methods. The methods are implemented in R package aSPU, freely and publicly available.Availability and implementation: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/aSPU/Contact: weip@biostat.umn.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
FuMa: reporting overlap in RNA-seq detected fusion genes
Authors: Hoogstrate Youri , Böttcher René , Hiltemann Saskia , van der Spek Peter J. , Jenster Guido , Stubbs Andrew P. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Summary: A new generation of tools that identify fusion genes in RNA-seq data is limited in either sensitivity and or specificity. To allow further downstream analysis and to estimate performance, predicted fusion genes from different tools have to be compared. However, the transcriptomic context complicates genomic location-based matching. FusionMatcher (FuMa) is a program that reports identical fusion genes based on gene-name annotations. FuMa automatically compares and summarizes all combinations of two or more datasets in a single run, without additional programming necessary. FuMa uses one gene annotation, avoiding mismatches caused by tool-specific gene annotations. FuMa matches 10% more fusion genes compared with exact gene matching due to overlapping genes and accepts intermediate output files that allow a stepwise analysis of corresponding tools.
Availability and implementation: The code is available at: https://github.com/ErasmusMC-Bioinformatics/fuma and available for Galaxy in the tool sheds and directly accessible at https://bioinf-galaxian.erasmusmc.nl/galaxy/
Contact: y.hoogstrate@erasmusmc.nl or a.stubbs@erasmusmc.nl
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Assessing race and ethnicity data quality across cancer registries and EMRs in two hospitals
Authors: Lee Simon J Craddock , Grobe James E , Tiro Jasmin A 
Published: December 2015

Background Measurement of patient race/ethnicity in electronic health records is mandated and important for tracking health disparities.Objective Characterize the quality of race/ethnicity data collection efforts.Methods For all cancer patients diagnosed (2007–2010) at two hospitals, we extracted demographic data from five sources: 1) a university hospital cancer registry, 2) a university electronic medical record (EMR), 3) a community hospital cancer registry, 4) a community EMR, and 5) a joint clinical research registry. The patients whose data we examined (N = 17 834) contributed 41 025 entries (range: 2–5 per patient across sources), and the source comparisons generated 1–10 unique pairs per patient. We used generalized estimating equations, chi-squares tests, and kappas estimates to assess data availability and agreement.Results Compared to sex and insurance status, race/ethnicity information was significantly less likely to be available (χ2 &gt; 8043, P &lt; .001), with variation across sources (χ2 &gt; 10 589, P &lt; .001). The university EMR had a high prevalence of “Unknown” values. Aggregate kappa estimates across the sources was 0.45 (95% confidence interval, 0.45–0.45; N = 31 276 unique pairs), but improved in sensitivity analyses that excluded the university EMR source (κ = 0.89). Race/ethnicity data were in complete agreement for only 6988 patients (39.2%). Pairs with a “Black” data value in one of the sources had the highest agreement (95.3%), whereas pairs with an “Other” value exhibited the lowest agreement across sources (11.1%).Discussion Our findings suggest that high-quality race/ethnicity data are attainable. Many of the “errors” in race/ethnicity data are caused by missing or “Unknown” data values.Conclusions To facilitate transparent reporting of healthcare delivery outcomes by race/ethnicity, healthcare systems need to monitor and enforce race/ethnicity data collection standards.
The feasibility of text reminders to improve medication adherence in adolescents with asthma
Authors: Johnson Kevin B , Patterson Barron L , Ho Yun-Xian , Chen Qingxia , Nian Hui , Davison Coda L , Slagle Jason , Mulvaney Shelagh A 
Published: December 2015

Objective Personal health applications have the potential to help patients with chronic disease by improving medication adherence, self-efficacy, and quality of life. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of MyMediHealth (MMH) – a website and a short messaging service (SMS)-based reminder system – on medication adherence and perceived self-efficacy in adolescents with asthma.Methods We conducted a block-randomized controlled study in academic pediatric outpatient settings. There were 98 adolescents enrolled. Subjects who were randomized to use MMH were asked to create a medication schedule and receive SMS reminders at designated medication administration times for 3 weeks. Control subjects received action lists as a part of their usual care. Primary outcome measures included MMH usage patterns and self-reports of system usability, medication adherence, asthma control, self-efficacy, and quality of life.Results Eighty-nine subjects completed the study, of whom 46 were randomized to the intervention arm. Compared to controls, we found improvements in self-reported medication adherence (P = .011), quality of life (P = .037), and self-efficacy (P = .016). Subjects reported high satisfaction with MMH; however, the level of system usage varied widely, with lower use among African American patients.Conclusions MMH was associated with improved medication adherence, perceived quality of life, and self-efficacy.Trial Registration This project was registered under http://clinicaltrials.gov/ identifier NCT01730235.
Tweeting back: predicting new cases of back pain with mass social media data
Authors: Lee Hopin , McAuley James H , Hübscher Markus , Allen Heidi G , Kamper Steven J , Moseley G Lorimer 
Published: December 2015

Background Back pain is a global health problem. Recent research has shown that risk factors that are proximal to the onset of back pain might be important targets for preventive interventions. Rapid communication through social media might be useful for delivering timely interventions that target proximal risk factors. Identifying individuals who are likely to discuss back pain on Twitter could provide useful information to guide online interventions.
Methods We used a case-crossover study design for a sample of 742 028 tweets about back pain to quantify the risks associated with a new tweet about back pain.
Results The odds of tweeting about back pain just after tweeting about selected physical, psychological, and general health factors were 1.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-1.85), 1.85 (95% CI: 1.83-1.88), and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.27-1.30), respectively.
Conclusion These findings give directions for future research that could use social media for innovative public health interventions.
Z45: A new 45-GHz band dual-polarization HEMT receiver for the NRO 45-m radio telescope
Authors: Nakamura Fumitaka , Ogawa Hideo , Yonekura Yoshinori , Kimura Kimihiko , Okada Nozomi , Kozu Minato , Hasegawa Yutaka , Tokuda Kazuki , Ochiai Tetsu , Mizuno Izumi , Dobashi Kazuhito , Shimoikura Tomomi , Kameno Seiji , Taniguchi Kotomi , Shinnaga Hiroko , Takano Shuro , Kawabe Ryohei , Nakajima Taku , Iono Daisuke , Kuno Nario , Onishi Toshikazu , Momose Munetake , Yamamoto Satoshi 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We developed a dual-linear-polarization HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) amplifier receiver system of the 45-GHz band (hereafter Z45), and installed it in the Nobeyama 45-m radio telescope. The receiver system is designed to conduct polarization observations by taking the cross-correlation of two linearly polarized components, from which we process full Stokes spectroscopy. We aim to measure the magnetic field strength through the Zeeman effect of the emission line of CCS (JN = 43–32) toward pre-protostellar cores. A linear-polarization receiver system has a smaller contribution of instrumental polarization components to the Stokes V spectra than that of the circular polarization system, so that it is easier to obtain the Stokes V spectra. The receiver has an RF frequency of 42–46 GHz and an intermediate frequency (IF) band of 4–8 GHz. The typical noise temperature is about 50 K, and the system noise temperature ranges from 100 to 150 K over the frequency of 42–46 GHz. The receiver system is connected to two spectrometers, SAM45 and PolariS. SAM45 is a highly flexible FX-type digital spectrometer with a finest frequency resolution of 3.81 kHz. PolariS is a newly developed digital spectrometer with a finest frequency resolution of 60 Hz, and which has a capability to process the full-Stokes spectroscopy. The half-power beam width (HPBW) was measured to be 37″ at 43 GHz. The main beam efficiency of the Gaussian main beam was derived to be 0.72 at 43 GHz. The SiO maser observations show that the beam pattern is reasonably round at about 10% of the peak intensity and the side-lobe level was less than 3% of the peak intensity. Finally, we present some examples of astronomical observations using Z45.
Nonlinguistic Outcome Measures in Adult Cochlear Implant Users Over the First Year of Implantation
Authors: Drennan Ward R. , Won Jong Ho , Timme Alden O. , Rubinstein Jay T. 
Published: December 2015

Objectives:
Postlingually deaf cochlear implant users’ speech perception improves over several months after implantation due to a learning process which involves integration of the new acoustic information presented by the device. Basic tests of hearing acuity might evaluate sensitivity to the new acoustic information and be less sensitive to learning effects. It was hypothesized that, unlike speech perception, basic spectral and temporal discrimination abilities will not change over the first year of implant use. If there were limited change over time and the test scores were correlated with clinical outcome, the tests might be useful for acute diagnostic assessments of hearing ability and also useful for testing speakers of any language, many of which do not have validated speech tests.

Design:
Ten newly implanted cochlear implant users were tested for speech understanding in quiet and in noise at 1 and 12 months postactivation. Spectral-ripple discrimination, temporal-modulation detection, and Schroeder-phase discrimination abilities were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postactivation.

Results:
Speech understanding in quiet improved between 1 and 12 months postactivation (mean 8% improvement). Speech in noise performance showed no statistically significant improvement. Mean spectral-ripple discrimination thresholds and temporal-modulation detection thresholds for modulation frequencies of 100 Hz and above also showed no significant improvement. Spectral-ripple discrimination thresholds were significantly correlated with speech understanding. Low FM detection and Schroeder-phase discrimination abilities improved over the period. Individual learning trends varied, but the majority of listeners followed the same stable pattern as group data.

Conclusions:
Spectral-ripple discrimination ability and temporal-modulation detection at 100-Hz modulation and above might serve as a useful diagnostic tool for early acute assessment of cochlear implant outcome for listeners speaking any native language.
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Effects of Açaí, an Amazon Plant
Authors: de Moura Roberto S. , Resende Ângela Castro 
Published: December 2015

Abstract:
Despite being used for a long time as food and beverage by Brazilian people who live on the Amazon bay, only in the beginning of this century, açaí berries have been the object of scientific research. Açaí berries are rich in polyphenols that probably explains its versatile pharmacological actions and huge consumption, not only in Brazil but also in Europe and United States. In this review, not all but some pharmacological aspects of açaí berries are analyzed. Chemical and pharmacological differences between extracts obtained from the skin and seed of açaí are considered. Polyphenols from the seed of açaí increase endothelial nitric oxide production leading to endothelium-dependent relaxation, reduce reactive oxygen species and regulate key targets associated with lipid metabolism in different conditions such as hypertension, renal failure, and metabolic syndrome. We review the novel mechanisms of actions of açaí on different targets which could trigger the health benefits of açaí such as antioxidant, vasodilator, antihypertensive, cardioprotector, renal protector, antidyslipidemic, antiobesity, and antidiabetic effects in cardiovascular and metabolic disturbances.
Treatment of Refractory Filamentary Keratitis With Autologous Serum Tears
Authors: Read Sarah P. , Rodriguez Marianeli , Dubovy Sander , Karp Carol L. , Galor Anat 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:
To report a case of filamentary keratitis (FK) successfully treated with autologous serum tears and to review the pathogenesis and management of FK.

Methods:
Case report including high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography and filament histopathology.

Case Report:
A 61-year-old Hispanic man presented with pain and photophobia of the right eye. He was found to have a corneal epithelial defect and a small peripheral infiltrate 4 months after Laser Assisted in situ Keratomileusis. After resolution of the epithelial defect, he developed FK. Over a 4-month period, conservative management with aggressive lubrication, lid hygiene, topical corticosteroids, topical cyclosporine, bandage contact lenses, and oral doxycycline failed to resolve the corneal filaments. Notably, treatment with 20% autologous serum tears, four times daily, led to a sustained resolution of the FK within 1 week.

Conclusions:
This case demonstrates the complexity of FK management and introduces autologous serum tears as a viable management option when conservative approaches to this condition fail.
Miliary Tuberculosis as a Cause of Sudden Death in a Patient Misdiagnosed With Depression
Authors: Haj Salem Nidhal , Mesrati Amine , Hadhri Rim , Oualha Dorra , Boughattas Meriem , Aissaoui Abir , Zakhama Abdelfeteh , Chadly Ali 
Published: December 2015

Introduction
Today, miliary spread remains one of the world's most lethal infectious diseases. Despite the availability of effective treatment for most cases, it is still a cause of death in our environment. Some cases of active tuberculosis (TB) are not identified until the patient is dead and an autopsy has been performed. We report an autopsy case of miliary TB and discuss the mechanism of death.

Case Report
N.M. is a 24-year-old woman without any relevant personal medical or family history. She was admitted with fever of 40 days' duration. The fever was irregular, higher at nights, and associated with headache and anorexia. The patient did not give any history of coughing, hemoptysis, sore throat, joint pains, skin rash, abdominal pain, or rheumatic heart disease. The examination and the radiological investigations did not show any abnormalities. The patient was symptomatically medicated and allowed to return home. After 1 week, she was discovered dead in her bed. A forensic autopsy was requested. At necropsy, the lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys were macroscopically palish, heterogeneous, and dotted with myriad of small seeds (1–2 mm). Mesentery was the seat of a large firm mass, adhering to the intestinal walls and the pancreas. The diagnosis of miliary TB was confirmed by histological examination. The toxicological screening was negative.

Conclusions
Our case highlights a rare but important complication of TB, which is “TB-related sudden death.” There is a need for more awareness of the disease, especially in the light of recent reports showing a growing incidence of extrapulmonary TB.
Impact of in or out of office hours at admission time on outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients
Authors: Genbrugge Cornelia , Viaene Els , Meex Ingrid , De Vadder Katrien , Eertmans Ward , Boer Willem , Jans Frank , De Deyne Cathy , Dens Jo , Ferdinande Bert 
Published: December 2015

Background
In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), neurological outcome is determined by the severity of neurological injury, early percutaneous coronary intervention, and application of neuroprotective temperature management. As this is a very time-intensive and manpower-intensive protocol, we hypothesized that there would be a difference in outcome between OHCA patients admitted during and out of office hours.

Methods
We prospectively collected demographic data of OHCA patients in two hospitals. All patients included were treated at 33°C for 24 h, followed by a rewarming phase until 36.6°C. During office hours were defined as arriving between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on weekdays. Neurological outcome at 180 days was assessed following the Cerebral Performance Category scale.

Results
Forty-seven (31%) patients were admitted during office hours and 105 (69%) out of office hours (P=0.199). Patients admitted during office hours were significantly older, respectively, 66±14 and 59±15 years (P=0.014). There was no significant difference between both groups in the number of patients who underwent coronary angiography, door to angiography time, and number of affected vessels. The median time spent in the target range of PaO2, PaCO2, and lactate was also not significantly different. We found no significant difference in survival until 180 days between both groups (P=0.599), even after adjustment for age (95% confidence interval: 0.44–1.90, hazard ratio: 0.912).

Conclusion
Survival until 180 days between OHCA patients admitted during office hours or out of office hours was not significantly different in two hospitals with a fixed protocol for neuroprotection and 24/7 streamlined access to coronary angiography.