bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mediating role of spirituality on professional values and self‐efficacy: a study of senior nursing students
Authors: Jun Won Hee , Lee Gyungjoo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify the significance of spirituality in enhancing self‐efficacy related to professional values in senior nursing students.BackgroundSelf‐efficacy can predict job satisfaction and performance as professional nurses in clinical settings. Senior nursing students should have the level of self‐efficacy that enables them to perform professional roles based on professional values, because they will enter clinical settings immediately after graduation. Spirituality may help senior nursing students during the transition to professional life to reflect on their skills, knowledge and situations to enhance self‐efficacy based on professional values.DesignAn exploratory, cross‐sectional design was used in this study.MethodsA total of 194 senior nursing students in South Korea were recruited in 2014. They completed self‐reported questionnaires consisting of demographic questions, Spiritual Assessment Scale, Self‐Efficacy Scale and Nursing Professional Values inventory. A Sobel test was done to determine the mediating effect of spirituality on the relationship between nursing professional values and self‐efficacy.ResultsThe findings showed a positive correlation between professional values, spirituality and self‐efficacy in nursing students. According to the Sobel test, spirituality had a mediating effect on the relationship between professional values and self‐efficacy in senior nursing students.ConclusionSpirituality can be a foundation that provides senior nursing students with higher self‐efficacy so that they are able to perform their professional roles based on their professional values. The findings can guide nursing educators to include spiritual development of nursing students to enhance the self‐efficacy of senior nursing students, the future of the nursing profession.
Nurse characteristics, leadership, safety climate, emotional labour and intention to stay for nurses: a structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Liang Hui‐Yu , Tang Fu‐In , Wang Tze‐Fang , Lin Kai‐Ching , Yu Shu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to propose a theoretical model and apply it to examine the structural relationships among nurse characteristics, leadership characteristics, safety climate, emotional labour and intention to stay for hospital nurses.BackgroundGlobal nursing shortages negatively affect the quality of care. The shortages can be reduced by retaining nurses. Few studies have independently examined the relationships among leadership, safety climate, emotional labour and nurses’ intention to stay; more comprehensive theoretical foundations for examining nurses’ intention to stay and its related factors are lacking.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsA purposive sample of 414 full‐time nurses was recruited from two regional hospitals in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from November 2013–June 2014. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the theoretical models of the relationships among the constructs.ResultsOur data supported the theoretical model. Intention to stay was positively correlated with age and the safety climate, whereas working hours per week and emotional labour were negatively correlated. The nursing position and transformational leadership indirectly affected intention to stay; this effect was mediated separately by emotional labour and the safety climate.ConclusionOur data supported the model fit. Our findings provide practical implications for healthcare organizations and administrators to increase nurses’ intent to stay. Strategies including a safer climate, appropriate working hours and lower emotional labour can directly increase nurses’ intent to stay. Transformational leadership did not directly influence nurses’ intention to stay; however, it reduced emotional labour, thereby increasing intention to stay.
Hypoxanthine induces cholesterol accumulation and incites atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice and cells
Authors: Ryu Hye‐Myung , Kim You‐Jin , Oh Eun‐Joo , Oh Se‐Hyun , Choi Ji‐Young , Cho Jang‐Hee , Kim Chan‐Duck , Park Sun‐Hee , Kim Yong‐Lim 
Published: July 2016

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during purine metabolism is associated with xanthine oxidase and uric acid. However, the direct effect of hypoxanthine on ROS generation and atherosclerosis has not been evaluated. Smoking and heavy drinking are associated with elevated levels of hypoxanthine. In this study, we investigated the role of hypoxanthine on cholesterol synthesis and atherosclerosis development, particularly in apolipoprotein E (APOE)‐deficient mice. The effect of hypoxanthine on the regulation of cholesterol synthesis and atherosclerosis were evaluated in Apoe knockout (KO) mice and cultured HepG2 cells. Hypoxanthine markedly increased serum cholesterol levels and the atherosclerotic plaque area in Apoe KO mice. In HepG2 cells, hypoxanthine increased intracellular ROS production. Hypoxanthine increased cholesterol accumulation and decreased APOE and ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, H2O2 also increased cholesterol accumulation and decreased APOE and ABCA1 expression. This effect was partially reversible by treatment with the antioxidant N‐acetyl cysteine and allopurinol. Hypoxanthine and APOE knockdown using APOE‐siRNA synergistically induced cholesterol accumulation and reduced APOE and ABCA1 expression. Hypoxanthine induces cholesterol accumulation in hepatic cells through alterations in enzymes that control lipid transport and induces atherosclerosis in APOE‐deficient cells and mice. These effects are partially mediated through ROS produced in response to hypoxanthine.
Evaluation of the adjunctive effect of platelet‐rich fibrin to enamel matrix derivative in the treatment of intrabony defects. Six‐month results of a randomized, split‐mouth, controlled clinical study
Authors: Aydemir Turkal Humerya , Demirer Serhat , Dolgun Anil , Keceli Huseyin Gencay 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThis study aimed to compare the results obtained with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and EMD + platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) in the treatment of intrabony defects (IBDs) in chronic periodontitis patients.Materials and MethodsUsing a split‐mouth design, 28 paired IBDs were randomly treated either with EMD or with EMD + PRF. Clinical and radiographic measurements including clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), defect depth (DD), defect width (DW) and defect angle (DA) were recorded at baseline (BL) and at six months following therapy.ResultsBL clinical and radiographic measurements were similar for EMD and EMD + PRF groups. Although postsurgical measurements revealed significant reduction for PD and CAL in both groups, no intergroup difference was detected. When EMD and EMD + PRF groups were compared, defect fill was not also statistically different.ConclusionsBoth therapies resulted in significant clinical improvement in IBD treatment. Addition of PRF did not improve the clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Nucleolin inhibitor GroA triggers reduction in epidermal growth factor receptor activation: Pharmacological implication for glial scarring after spinal cord injury
Authors: Goldshmit Yona , Schokoroy Trangle Sari , Afergan Fabian , Iram Tal , Pinkas‐Kramarski Ronit 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGlial scarring, formed by reactive astrocytes, is one of the major impediments for regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI). Reactive astrocytes become hypertrophic, proliferate and secrete chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans into the extracellular matrix (ECM). Many studies have demonstrated that epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) can mediate astrocyte reactivity after neurotrauma. Previously we showed that there is crosstalk between nucleolin and EGFR that leads to increased EGFR activation followed by increased cell proliferation. Treatment with the nucleolin inhibitor GroA (AS1411) prevented these effects in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we hypothesized that similar interactions may mediate astrogliosis after SCI. Our results demonstrate that nucleolin and EGFR interaction may play a pivotal role in mediating astrocyte proliferation and reactivity after SCI. Moreover, we demonstrate that treatment with GroA reduces EGFR activation, astrocyte proliferation and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans secretion, therefore promoting axonal regeneration and sprouting into the lesion site. Our results identify, for the first time, a role for the interaction between nucleolin and EGFR in astrocytes after SCI, indicating that nucleolin inhibitor GroA may be used as a novel treatment after neurotrauma.
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A major barrier for axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury is glial scar created by reactive and proliferating astrocytes. EGFR mediate astrocyte reactivity. We showed that inhibition of nucleolin by GroA, reduces EGFR activation, which results in attenuation of astrocyte reactivity and proliferation in vivo and in vitro. EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor.
Effect of high glucose, Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide and advanced glycation end‐products on production of interleukin‐6/‐8 by gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Chiu H‐C. , Fu M. M‐J. , Yang T‐S. , Fu E. , Chiang C‐Y. , Tu H‐P. , Chin Y‐T. , Lin F‐G. , Shih K‐C. 
Published: July 2016

Background and ObjectiveIt is known that chronic periodontal infection can magnify the cytokine responses in patients with diabetes. Hyperglycemia increases the proinflammatory status, including the levels of advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs), in patients with periodontitis. However, whether AGEs have additional effects on the production of those proinflammatory cytokines in diabetic patients with periodontitis is still unknown. To examine in vitro the effect of hyperglycemia and AGEs on the amounts of interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8 produced in periodontally infected gingiva, human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were stimulated with glucose, AGE‐modified bovine serum albumin (AGE‐BSA) and Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS in the present study.Material and MethodsPrimary culture of HGFs was incubated with various concentrations of AGE‐BSA (0, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL) and LPS (0, 10, 100 or 1000 ng/mL) at two different glucose concentrations – normal glucose (5 mm) and high glucose (25 mm). The amounts of IL‐6 and IL‐8 produced by HGFs were evaluated using ELISA. Expression of the AGE receptor on HGFs was determined by flow cytometry.ResultsHigh glucose stimulated a significant increase in the production of IL‐6 and IL‐8 by HGFs compared with normal glucose. This enhanced production of IL‐6 and IL‐8 could also be observed in the presence of LPS and/or AGE‐BSA. When both LPS and AGE‐BSA were present, especially at high concentrations (≥ 500 μg/mL of LPS and ≥ 25 μg/mL of AGE‐BSA), a synergistic effect on IL‐8 production was found in the high‐glucose condition.ConclusionsA synergistic effect of the production of IL‐8 could be induced in HGFs with the combination of high glucose, LPS and AGEs.
Spiritual care as a response to an exaptation: how evolutionary psychology informs the debate
Authors: Kevern Peter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article has its origins in a 2013 proposal by the author that the concept of ‘spiritual care’ in clinical settings might fruitfully be grounded in the findings of the Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR). In a recent paper, John Paley rejects the central arguments and asserts his conviction that a model for ‘spiritual care’ cannot be derived from the insights of evolutionary psychology. In this article, the author employs a modified form of Fichtean dialectic to examine the contrasting positions and, via a process of analysis and synthesis, identify the key areas for further exploration and research. He concludes, first, that CSR in itself does not provide a sufficient theoretical justification for the notion and practice of ‘spiritual care’; secondly, that any attempt to develop a general theory of spiritual care would need to pay closer attention to the role of historically situated religious communities; and finally, that these objections nevertheless do not amount to an argument against the attempt to provide spiritual care as part of person‐centred care. Instead, a revised model is proposed which has the potential to provide testable predictions in this field.
Is the Norm on Belief Evaluative? A Response to McHugh
Authors: Greenberg Alexander , Cowie Christopher 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe respond to Conor McHugh's claim that an evaluative account of the normative relation between belief and truth is preferable to a prescriptive account. We claim that his arguments fail to establish this. We then draw a more general sceptical conclusion: we take our arguments to put pressure on any attempt to show that an evaluative account will fare better than a prescriptive account. We briefly express scepticism about whether McHugh's more recent ‘fitting attitude’ account fares better.
Commonly Employed African Neonatal Skin Care Products Compromise Epidermal Function in Mice
Authors: Man Mao‐Qiang , Sun Richard , Man George , Lee Dale , Hill Zelee , Elias Peter M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal mortality is much higher in the developing world than in developed countries. Infections are a major cause of neonatal death, particularly in preterm infants, in whom defective epidermal permeability barrier function facilitates transcutaneous pathogen invasion. The objective was to determine whether neonatal skin care products commonly used in Africa benefit or compromise epidermal functions in murine skin.MethodsAfter twice‐daily treatment of 6‐ to 8‐week‐old hairless mice with each skin care product for 3 days, epidermal permeability barrier function, skin surface pH, stratum corneum hydration, and barrier recovery were measured using a multiprobe adapter system physiology monitor. For products showing some benefits in these initial tests, the epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis was assessed 1 and 5 hours after a single application to acutely disrupted skin.ResultsAll of the skin care products compromised basal permeability barrier function and barrier repair kinetics. Moreover, after 3 days of treatment, most of the products also reduced stratum corneum hydration while elevating skin surface pH to abnormal levels.ConclusionSome neonatal skin care products that are widely used in Africa perturb important epidermal functions, including permeability barrier homeostasis in mice. Should these products have similar effects on newborn human skin, they could cause a defective epidermal permeability barrier, which can increase body fluid loss, impair thermoregulation, and contribute to the high rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality seen in Africa. Accordingly, alternative products that enhance permeability barrier function should be identified, particularly for use in preterm infants.
Sézary Syndrome in a 17‐Year‐Old Boy: Clinicopathologic Features and Genomic Profile
Authors: Alberti‐Violetti Silvia , Vezzoli Pamela , Corti Laura , Fanoni Daniele , Merlo Valentina , Venegoni Luigia , Reseghetti Alberto , Berti Emilio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe describe the case of a 17‐year‐old Hispanic boy who had had erythroderma and diffuse lymphadenopathy for approximately 6 months. A diagnosis of Sézary syndrome was made on the basis of the histologic features of the skin; the presence of the same T‐cell clone on the skin, blood, and bone marrow; and the high CD4+ lymphocyte count with an aberrant phenotype in peripheral blood; bone marrow involvement was also present. The patient was treated with systemic gemcitabine and achieved partial remission.
Evidence of a shallow magma intrusion beneath the NE Rift system of Mt. Etna during 2013
Authors: Bruno Valentina , Ferlito Carmelo , Mattia Mario , Monaco Carmelo , Rossi Massimo , Scandura Danila 
Published: July 2016

AbstractContinuous GPS (CGPS) data, collected at Mt. Etna between April 2012 and October 2013, clearly define inflation/deflation processes typically observed before/after an eruption onset. During the inflationary process from May to October 2013, a particular deformation pattern localised in the upper North Eastern sector of the volcano suggests that a magma intrusion had occurred a few km away from the axis of the summit craters, beneath the NE Rift system. This is the first time that this pattern has been recorded by CGPS data at Mt. Etna. We believe that this inflation process might have taken place periodically at Mt. Etna and might be associated with the intrusion of batches of magma that are separate from the main feeding system. We provide a model to explain this unusual behaviour and the eruptive regime of this rift zone, which is characterised by long periods of quiescence followed by often dangerous eruptions in which vents can open at low elevation and thus threaten the villages in this sector of the volcano.
Border Effects Before and After 9/11: Panel Data Evidence Across Industries
Authors: Chen Zhiqi , Rus Horatiu A. , Sen Anindya 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe paper builds a unique industry‐level panel data set to estimate the border effects associated with US–Canada trade for each year from 1992 to 2005. We first establish the theoretical foundation of our empirical model as a multisector version of Anderson and van Wincoop. Estimates from data aggregated at the province/state level yield border effects that increase slightly in the early 1990s, then decline after the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), but then increase significantly after 2001. Results based on three‐digit NAICS level data reveal higher border effects in the early 1990s and substantial heterogeneity across industries. The results are robust to a variety of specifications and models, and they suggest that the security measures adopted in the aftermath of the tragic events of 11 September 2001 had considerable adverse effects on US–Canada trade.
Perioperative Management and Outcome of Bilateral Adrenalectomy in 9 Dogs
Authors: Oblak Michelle L. , Bacon Nicholas J. , Covey Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo report perioperative care, postoperative management, and long‐term outcomes in dogs undergoing bilateral adrenalectomy.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsDogs undergoing bilateral adrenalectomy from 2008 to 2013 (n=9).Methods:Data retrieved from the record, when available, included signalment, preoperative clinical signs, laboratory data, diagnostic imaging, blood pressure measurement, preoperative treatment for adrenal gland disease, intraoperative procedures, treatments and complications, postoperative treatment and diagnostics during hospitalization, diagnostics and management following discharge, histopathologic diagnosis, and survival.ResultsSeven dogs underwent concurrent bilateral adrenalectomy and 2 dogs had staged adrenalectomy. Surgery was uncomplicated in most cases. All dogs received IV dexamethasone SP intraoperatively. Eight dogs received intramuscular desoxycorticosterone pivalate intraoperatively. Histopathology revealed adrenocortical adenoma (7 dogs), adrenocortical carcinoma (4), pheochromocytoma (6), and adrenocortical atrophy (1). One dog died perioperatively and the remainder died due to unrelated causes. Postoperative management of hypoadrenocorticism included oral prednisone and intramuscular desoxycorticosterone pivalate (6 dogs), oral prednisone and fludrocortisone (1), and oral fludrocortisone alone (1). The median survival time in dogs surviving to hospital discharge was 525 days (range 67–966 days). No dogs developed metastatic disease or died due to signs of hypoadrenocorticism.ConclusionBased on the cases reported here, the perioperative mortality in dogs undergoing bilateral adrenalectomy may be lower than previously reported. Management of postoperative hypoadrenocorticism is both achievable and straightforward.
Store‐operated calcium entry is required for sustained contraction and Ca2+ oscillations of airway smooth muscle
Authors: Chen Jun , Sanderson Michael J. 
Published: July 2016

Key points
Airway hyper‐responsiveness in asthma is driven by excessive contraction of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs).
Agonist‐induced Ca2+ oscillations underlie this contraction of ASMCs and the magnitude of this contraction is proportional to the Ca2+ oscillation frequency.
Sustained contraction and Ca2+ oscillations require an influx of extracellular Ca2+, although the mechanisms and pathways mediating this Ca2+ influx during agonist‐induced ASMC contraction are not well defined.
By inhibiting store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE) or voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), we show that SOCE, rather than Ca2+ influx via VGCCs, provides the major Ca2+ entry pathway into ASMCs to sustain ASMCs contraction and Ca2+ oscillations.
SOCE may therefore serve as a potential target for new bronchodilators to reduce airway hyper‐responsiveness in asthma.
AbstractAsthma is characterized by airway hyper‐responsiveness: the excessive contraction of airway smooth muscle. The extent of this airway contraction is proportional to the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations within airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Sustained Ca2+ oscillations require a Ca2+ influx to replenish Ca2+ losses across the plasma membrane. Our previous studies implied store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE) as the major pathway for this Ca2+ influx. In the present study, we explore this hypothesis, by examining the effects of SOCE inhibitors (GSK7975A and GSK5498A) as well as L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel inhibitors (nifedipine and nimodipine) on airway contraction and Ca2+ oscillations and SOCE‐mediated Ca2+ influx in ASMCs within mouse precision‐cut lung slices. We found that both GSK7975A and GSK5498A were able to fully relax methacholine‐induced airway contraction by abolishing the Ca2+ oscillations, in a manner similar to that observed in zero extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]e). In addition, GSK7975A and GSK5498A inhibited increases in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in ASMCs with depleted Ca2+‐stores in response to increased [Ca2+]e, demonstrating a response consistent with the inhibition of SOCE. However, GSK7975A and GSK5498A did not reduce Ca2+ release via IP3 receptors stimulated with IP3 released from caged‐IP3. By contrast, nifedipine and nimodipine only partially reduced airway contraction, Ca2+ oscillation frequency and SOCE‐mediated Ca2+ influx. These data suggest that SOCE is the major Ca2+ influx pathway for ASMCs with respect to sustaining agonist‐induced airway contraction and the underlying Ca2+ oscillations. The mechanisms of SOCE may therefore form novel targets for new bronchodilators.