bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on rail fastener failure testing based on fractal theory
Authors: Zhang Huijian , Liu Qiang 
Published: October 2017

The residual vibration of steel rail is rich in the mechanical properties, which include the constraint, that was, the degree of tightness of the fastener. The aim of this research is to characterize the tightness of rail fastener. A fractal analysis procedure based on 1-D curve length calculation is proposed, which applies a length unit to cover fastening the behavior of fasteners. Using the rail vibration data under periodic pulse excitation measured by a track fastener inspection vehicle, this method can derive the fractal dimension of fastener tightness directly (D∈ [1, 2)). Furthermore, 1-D curve length method is also introduced into multi-fractal spectrum analysis for investigating fine scale information. The statistical analysis demonstrates that, fractal dimension Dl, Dr, and multi-fractal parameters αfmax, ∆α can reflect the change process of the tightness of rail fasteners effectively. Therefore, it shows potential to use the fractal parameters of the rail vibration signal to characterize the tightness of the fastener.
A Study of Perceived Ethicality of Low Corporate Effective Tax Rates
Authors: DeZoort F. Todd , Pollard Troy J. , Schnee Edward J. 
Published: October 2017

SYNOPSIS
U.S. corporations have the ability to avoid paying domestic taxes to achieve an effective tax rate that is much lower than the statutory federal tax rate. This study evaluates the extent that individuals differ in their attitudes about the ethicality of corporations avoiding domestic taxes to achieve low effective tax rates. We also examine the extent to which the specific tax avoidance method used by corporations to access a low effective tax rate affects perceived ethicality. Eighty-two members of the general public and 112 accountants participated in an experiment with two participant groups and three tax avoidance methods manipulated randomly between subjects. The results indicate a significant interaction between participant group and tax avoidance method, with the general public considering shifting profits out of the country to achieve a low effective tax rate to be highly unethical, while the accountants find tax avoidance from carrying forward prior operating losses to be highly ethical. Further, mediation analysis indicates that perceived fairness and legality mediate the effects of participant type on perceived ethicality. Mediation analysis also reveals that sense of fairness and legality mediate the link between tax avoidance method and perceived ethicality. We conclude by considering the study's policy, practice, and research implications.
A Review of the Archival Literature on Audit Partners
Authors: Lennox Clive S. , Wu Xi 
Published: October 2017

SYNOPSIS
The last decade has witnessed a boom in archival studies examining auditing at the partner level. This research is timely because audit partners' names in the United States have been publicly disclosed starting in 2017. This paper reviews the existing archival literature on audit partners, discusses some concerns with certain aspects of the literature, and provides some suggestions for future research.
Aggregate Cost Stickiness in GAAP Financial Statements and Future Unemployment Rate
Authors: Rouxelin Florent , Wongsunwai Wan , Yehuda Nir 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
We examine whether aggregate cost stickiness predicts future macro-level unemployment rate. We incorporate aggregate cost stickiness into three different classes of forecasting models studied in prior literature, and demonstrate an improvement in forecasting performance for all three models. For example, when adding cost stickiness to an OLS regression that includes a battery of macroeconomic indicators and control variables, we find that a one-standard-deviation-higher cost stickiness in recent quarters is followed by a 0.23 to 0.26 percentage point lower unemployment rate in the current and following quarter. In out-of-sample tests, we find significant reductions in the root mean squared errors upon incorporation of cost stickiness for all three models. Additional tests suggest that professional macro forecasters, particularly those employed in nonfinancial industries, do not fully incorporate the information contained in cost stickiness. Finally, we find a stronger predictive power of cost stickiness toward the end of recessionary periods; we also assess cross-sectional variation of this predictive ability.
JEL Classifications: M41; E24; J60.
EFFECTIVENESS OF LEAF EXTRACT REDUCE INFLAMMATION REACTION IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA RATS
Authors: Santoso Puguh , Udayani Ni Nyoman Wahyu , Sutrisna I Nyoman Gede Tri , Adrianta Ketut Agus 
Published: October 2017

Abstract High blood cholesterol is often called hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for the emergence of pathological
conditions such as heart and blood vessel disease. Hypercholesterolemia has an important role in the occurrence of damage to the
endothelial cells is mainly caused by oxidized LDL. Oxidation of LDL triggers the formation of TNF - ?.
Leaves messengers that allegedly contains flavonoids can improve the situation of hypercholesterolemia through the barriers
specifically the expression of TNF - ? increased due to hypercholesterolemia. Plants messengers known to contain alkaloids,
flavonoids, tannins, saponins, polyphenols, calcium oxalate, fats, and essential oil. Flavonoids which has the ability to bind the
atom to form free radicals not to excess free radicals, thereby inhibiting the oxidative modification of LDL become ox-LDL so it
will not be formed atherosclerosis.
This study uses the Randomize pattern Pre and Post Test Control Group Design, using white rats (Rattusnovergicus) with Wistar
strain aged 3-4 months, weighing 175-200 grams. Divided into four groups: Group I as a control with placebo, Group II
treatment using extracts of ethanol leaves a messenger at a concentration of 10%, Group III treatments using extracts of ethanol
leaves a messenger at a concentration of 20%, Group IV is to use the extract ethanol leaves errand at a concentration of 30%.
It can be concluded at 4 dose group 30% messengers leaf extract significantly different, p <0.05, so it can be said that the
provision of effective messengers extract at a dose of 30%.
THE ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENTS OF JERINGAU (Acorus calamus L.) RHIZOMES AND THEIR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AGAINST Candida albicans
Authors: Rita Wiwik Susanah , Kawuri Retno , Swantara I Made Dira 
Published: October 2017

Acorus calamus L. rhizome was trusted having antibacterial activity. This study aimed to identify the compounds in the Acorus
Calamus L. rhizomes essential oils and to recognize the antifungal activity of the oils against Candida albicans. The extraction of essential oils
from rhizome was carried out by steam distillation technique. Identification of compounds in the oils was conducted by Gas Chromatography-
Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS), while the antifungal test against Candida albicans was done by well diffusion method. Extraction of 10 kg of
rhizomes produced 16.53 mL essential oil with a yield of 0.1653% (? = 1.066), the oil was brownish yellow and very flavorful. GC-MS
analysis showed that the essential oil contained 11 compounds, they are (E)-3,7 dimethyl-1,3,6-Octatriene (trans-?-Ocimene) (3,73%), linalool
(1,07%), ?-elemene (1,15%), trans methyl isoeugenol (7,68%), shyobunon (15,74%), bicyclogermakren (0,93%), dehidroxy-isocalamendiol
(2,61%), ?-calacorene (3,34%), euasarone (26,84), cis-asarone (18,62%); dan trans- asarone (18,29%). Antifungal activity test showed that the
growth and biomass inhibition of C. albicans increased with the increase of the oil concentration. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of
essential oil toward C. albicans was 1% with the inhibition of 7.83 mm.
UJI FITOKIMIA DAN DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN JUWET (Syzygium cumini) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus ATCC
Authors: Sudarmi Kadek , Darmayasa Ida Bagus Gede , Muksin I Ketut 
Published: October 2017

Bacterial Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus ATCCis a normal flora bacteria that naturally exist human body. This bacteria may by pathogenic if it exceeds acertain limits. To prevent the disease caused, need to be overcome by using herbal ingredients one of them is juwet leaves (Syzygiumcumini).The purpose of the study was to determine wheter the extract of juwet leaf (S. cumini) can inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus ATCC and to know compounds contained in juwet leaf extract (S. cumini). This research used diffusion wells methodwith 6 treatments and 4 replications. Date analysis using completely randomized design (CRD) with using ANOVA variance analysis. If the date obtained has a real difference test level at the 5% (P? 0,5) that continue with Duncan test. Concentration of the extract tested was 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25% and 50%. Juwet leaf extract is able to inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus ATCC which is shown by the formation of clear zone. Concentration extract leaf which is effective to inhibit E. coli and S. aureus ATCC is the concentration 50% (18,9 mm) for E. coli and (16,5 mm) for S. aureus ATCC. Screening of phytochemical test of juwet leaf extract positive containing alkaloids, phenolic, steroids and saponins.

Keywords : juwet leaf extract (Syzygium cumini), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC
A 8x1 Sprout-Shaped Antenna Array with Low Sidelobe Level of -25 dB
Authors: Toan Tang The , Tran Nguyen Minh , Giang Truong Vu Bang 
Published: October 2017

This paper proposes a 8 x 1 sprout-shaped antenna array with low sidelobe level (SLL) for outdoor point to point applications. The array has the dimensions of 165 mm x 195 mm x 1.575 mm and is designed on Rogers RT/Duroid 5870tm with the thickness of 1.575 mm and permittivity of 2.33. In order to achieve low SLL, Chebyshev distribution weights corresponding to SLL preset at -30 dB has been applied to design the feed of the array. Unequal T-junction dividers has been used to ensure that the output powers are proportional to the Chebyshev amplitude distribution. A reflector has been added to the back of the antenna to improve the directivity. The simulated results show that the proposed array can work at 4.95 GHz with the bandwidth of 185 MHz. Moreover, it can provide the gain up to 12.9 dBi and SLL suppressed to -25 dB. A prototype has also been fabricated and measured. A good agreement between simulation and measurement has been obtained. It is proved that the array can be a good candidate for point to point communications.
Migration et changement social en milieu rural sénégalais: cas du Bassin arachidier et du Littoral
Authors: Mboup Bara 
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Le Sénégal est un pays doublement marqué par le climat sahélien et une forte ruralité (60%). L’une des caractéristiques principales de la zone sahélienne est la variabilité des précipitations à travers des cycles pluviométriques qui impactent largement sur les ressources naturelles et agricoles. Cette situation a fait de la migration une alternative et une donnée structurelle en milieu rural. On peut alors se demander quels sont les changements ainsi apportés dans les campagnes sénégalaises. Aussi avons-nous choisi comme terrains d’observation des milieux aussi différents que le vieux bassin arachidier fortement sahélien, le centre du bassin arachidier soudano-sahélien, et le Littoral, milieu humide et urbanisé. Méthode: Pour répondre à la question de recherche, nous avons utilisé des données secondaires issues des enquêtes de l’Ecole Supérieure d’Economie appliquée (ESEA), du Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Migrations et l’Education au Développement (REMED) et des données primaires de nos enquêtes. Notre hypothèse est que les migrations contribuent à la diversification des revenus et à la restructuration sociale des ménages ruraux. Résultats: Les résultats obtenus montrent que le climat est loin d’être le seul facteur répulsif. Mais, il y aussi une kyrielle de contraintes que certains chercheurs qualifient de “facteurs globaux” (Ndour, 2014, 2015), et leur inégale répartition et impact en campagne. Ce qui contribue à différencier les milieux ruraux. Aussi les migrations rurales ont-elles des enjeux différents en fonction des zones et de la situation des ménages. Cependant, si de manière générale, notre hypothèse est vérifiée, les résultats vont bien au-delà. Conclusion: Nos recherches conduites dans le Littoral et le Bassin arachidier sénégalais mettent en évidence une évolution des stratégies rurales qui débouche sur la modification des systèmes de production agricole et le renforcement de la citoyenneté fondée sur la reterritorialisation des initiatives en particulier chez les migrants.
Le discours populaire sur la migration de longue distance en milieu rural sénégalais
Authors: Fall Papa Demba , Sarr Mame Yassine 
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Les résultats qui sont présentés dans cet article ont été récoltés dans le cadre des activités du Réseau d’étude des migrations internationales africaines de l’Institut fondamental d’Afrique noire de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar au Sénégal. Ils s’inscrivent dans le prolongement d’un programme de recherche plus vaste dont le fil conducteur est l’analyse des Aspirations migratoires de la jeunesse sénégalaise. Méthodologie: Nous avons choisi d’isoler et d’analyser les réponses recueillies auprès des personnes âgées de 18 à 39 ans au terme d’enquêtes menées de mars à juin 2014 dans les localités de Orkadiéré au Nord Est du Sénégal et de Lambaye et de Darou Mousty dans la partie centrale du Sénégal. Le corpus recueilli a permis de comparer deux perceptions du fait migratoire portées par deux groupes ethniques: celle d’une vieille terre d’émigration internationale qu’est la vallée du fleuve Sénégal occupée par les Peuls à celle de la région du Bassin arachidier à majorité Wolof où la migration est relativement récente et essentiellement orientée vers Dakar. Résultats: Les résultats significatifs de cette recherche sont essentiellement de deux ordres: la forte prévalence des aspirations migratoires positives ne doit pas occulter le fait qu’un nombre de plus important de jeunes choisit de rester au pays dès lors qu’ils sont persuadés de pouvoir atteindre leurs objectifs; contrairement à une idée tenace, la migration internationale n’est pas simplement motivée par le recherche de travail, elle intègre aussi des critères comme l’émancipation, l’aspiration à des droits fondamentaux comme l’éducation, la santé, la sécurité, etc. Conclusion: Quelle que soit l’appartenance géographique ou ethnique de l’individu, la décision de quitter le Sénégal ou de rester au pays ainsi que le choix de la destination sont aujourd’hui motivés par une appréciation des conditions de vie personnelle ou familiale plutôt que par des présupposés culturels.
(Doda Idi) Vokabuler Aceh yang Terlupakan
Authors: Soeryana Dharminta 
Published: October 2017

The development and growth of healthy children is inseparable from the success of a mother to and mentally, one through a child a bedtime song. Humming lullabies to a child is one of the heritages of cultural activities that is inherited by the preceding generation to the next generation to preserve to this day. Chanting poetry which contains advice, teaching points, values and principles of life to child will be useful for the child‟s development.
First-Principles Study of Arsenic Atom, Its Irons and Molecule
Authors: Sapkota N. R. , Nakarmi J. J. 
Published: October 2017

In the present work, we have performed the ground state energy calculations for arsenic atom, its ions and molecule using Hartree-Fock (HF) cluster approximation. The correlation effects in the HF calculations have been taken into account by considering the Møller-Plesset second order perturbation (MP2) and truncated form of Configurational Interaction (CI) that includes single, double, and quadruple excitations, also known as QCISD implemented by the Gaussian 03 sets of program. Our study shows that the ground state of arsenic atom is a quadrate state i.e., charge zero and multiplicity four with ground state energy - 60796.66 eV in MP2 levels of calculation with cc-pVDZ basis set. We have performed the first-principles calculation to study the first electron affinity and ionization energies of arsenic atom up to tenth level. The first-principles calculation has been also carried out to study the equilibrium configuration of arsenic molecule (As2). The bond length and binding energy of arsenic molecule (As2) is found to be 2.15 Å and 3.65 eV in MP2 levels of approximation with basis set 6-311G(3df). Our study has been extended to calculate electrostatic potential for arsenic molecule (As2), whose values at global maxima and minima are found to be 0.30 eV and - 0.20 eV respectively. The calculation of HOMO-LUMO energy gap for the arsenic molecule (As2) is almost independent of choice of basis sets as well as levels of approximation. The HF, MP2, and QCISD calculations also have been carried out to estimate the electric field gradient (EFG) parameters for the excited nuclear state in arsenic molecule (As2). Our results show that the HF, MP2, and QCISD values for the EFG parameters do not differ significantly, indicating that electron correlation effects do not contribute for the determination of EFG parameter.The Himalayan Physics Year 5, Vol. 5, Kartik 2071 (Nov 2014)Page : 17-21
Study of Multiband DRA for Mobile communication
Authors: Yadav Dorik Narayan 
Published: October 2017

The explosive demand for mobile communication and information transfer using personal devices such as mobile phone or notebook computer has caused the need for major advancements of antenna design. With the development of 3G and 4G technologies multiband and wideband antennas operating at additional frequency band such as UMTS and LTE are required. In this chapter it is initially presented the fundamental parameters of antenna to be taken into account while designing an antenna and determining the operating frequency bands. Multiband antennas which are used especially in mobile unit are described. The techniques to make an antenna convenient for multiband operations are given. There different antennas such as monopoles, PIFA are examined with several examples in the literatures. In the last part, the types of wideband antennas (micros strip patch antenna, DRA of planer) used in mobile communication which are more appropriate for base station or access point applications are presented. The Himalayan Physics Vol. 5, No. 5, Nov. 2014 Page: 75-77
Hetero-Coordination in Liquid Pb-K Alloys
Authors: Singh B. P. , Jha I. S. , Koirala I. 
Published: October 2017

The observed asymmetry in properties of mixing of Pb-K alloys in the molten state is successfully explained on the basis of the quasi-lattice model. The thermodynamic functions such as free energy of mixing, enthalpy of mixing, entropy of mixing and chemical activity of the constituent atom of the alloys have been computed within the frame work of presented model. Most of the computed values are in good agreement with the experimental data. The pair-wise interaction energies between the species of the melt are found to depend considerably on temperature. Theoretical analysis suggests that hetero-coordination leading to the formation of complex Pb2K is likely to exist but is of weakly interacting in nature. The Himalayan Physics Vol. 5, No. 5, Nov. 2014 Page: 82-86
Physics of lightning: new model approaches and prospects for satellite observations
Authors: Iudin D I , Davydenko S S , Gotlib V M , Dolgonosov M S , Zelenyi L M 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Fundamental problems of lightning physics are reviewed, and recent advances in the instrumental (primarily satellite) detection of atmospheric discharge phenomena are discussed. The formation of plasma spots with the parameters necessary for the initiation and development of a lightning discharge in a thundercloud is regarded as a nonequilibrium phase transition induced by electrostatic noise. The noise is caused by the collective dynamics of charged hydrometeors, i.e., ice particles and water drops suspended in a convective flow. The interaction of plasma formations and their polarization in a large-scale intracloud electric field ensure the efficient generation of streamers, whose description in terms of random graphs and percolation theory forms the basis for the phenomenological representation of discharge as a fractal dissipative structure. This approach enables solving a number of key problems surrounding thunderstorm electricity, including the lightning initiation mechanism in essentially subthreshold electric fields, the properties and morphology of various types of lightning discharges, and a self-consistent description of the broadband electromagnetic radiation they emit. Prospects for the further development of the model are discussed and the role of forthcoming satellite experiments in the observation of intense electromagnetic radiation from thunderstorm clouds is examined.
Mining Major Transitions of Chronic Conditions in Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions
Authors: Jaramillo Carlos A. , Faruqui Syed H. A. , Pugh Mary J. , Alaeddini Adel 
Published: October 2017

SummaryObjectives: Evolution of multiple chronic conditions (MCC) follows a complex stochastic process, influenced by several factors including the inter-relationship of existing conditions, and patient-level risk factors. Nearly 20% of citizens aged 18 years and older are burdened with two or more (multiple) chronic conditions (MCC). Treatment for people living with MCC currently accounts for an estimated 66% of the Nation’s healthcare costs. However, it is still not known precisely how MCC emerge and accumulate among individuals or in the general population. This study investigates major patterns of MCC transitions in a diverse population of patients and identifies the risk factors affecting the transition process.Methods: A Latent regression Markov clustering (LRMCL) algorithm is proposed to identify major transitions of four MCC that include hypertension (HTN), depression, Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and back pain. A cohort of 601,805 individuals randomly selected from the population of Iraq and Afghanistan war Veterans (IAVs) who received VA care during three or more years between 2002-2015, is used for training the proposed LRMCL algorithm.Results: Two major clusters of MCC transition patterns with 78% and 22% probability of membership respectively were identified. The primary cluster demonstrated the possibility of improvement when the number of MCC is small and an increase in probability of MCC accumulation as the number of co- morbidities increased. The second cluster showed stability (no change) of MCC overtime as the major pattern. Age was the most significant risk factor associated with the most probable cluster for each IAV.Conclusions: These findings suggest that our proposed LRMCL algorithm can be used to describe and understand MCC transitions, which may ultimately allow healthcare systems to support optimal clinical decision- making. This method will be used to describe a broader range of MCC transitions in this and non-VA populations, and will add treatment information to see if models including treatments and MCC emergence can be used to support clinical decision-making in patient care.
Speckle Interferometry at the U.S. Naval Observatory. XXII.
Authors: Mason Brian D. , Hartkopf William I. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The results of 4747 intensified CCD observations of double stars, made with the 26 inch refractor of the U.S. Naval Observatory, are presented. Each observation of a system represents a combination of over 2000 short-exposure images. These observations are averaged into 2667 mean relative positions and range in separation from 0.″328 to 95.″9, with a median separation of 8.″673. Eight orbits are improved. This is the 22nd in this series of papers and covers the period 2016 January 4 through 2016 December 29.