bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Akademische Selbstkonzepte bei chinesischen Studenten und Studentinnen der Germanistik sowie Schülern und Schülerinnen
Authors: Feng Xiaoli , Wang Jin-Liang , Rost Detlef H. 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung. Mit dem acht Items umfassenden deutschsprachigen Differentiellen Schulischen Selbstkonzept Gitter (DISK-Gitter; Rost, Sparfeldt & Schilling, 2007 ) lassen sich mehrere fachspezifisch-akademische Selbstkonzepte simultan und sehr ökonomisch messen. Die Struktur und psychometrischen Kennwerte einer chinesischen Adaptation des DISK-Gitters wurden anhand zweier Studien überprüft (Studie 1, Universitätsstichprobe mit N1 = 601 Studenten und Studentinnen des Studienfachs „Deutsche Sprache“; Selbstkonzepte: Chinesisch, Englisch, Deutsch und Mathematik; Studie 2, Schulstichprobe mit N2 = 441 Mittelschulschülern und Mittelschulschülerinnen; Selbstkonzepte: Chinesisch, Englisch, Geschichte und Politik). Die Fachspezifität akademischer Selbstkonzepte konnte mit explorativen (Studie 1, Teilstichprobe 1A, n1A = 239) und konfirmatorischen (Studie 1, Teilstichprobe 1B, n1B = 367 sowie Studie 2) Dimensionsanalysen bestätigt werden. Die psychometrischen Kennwerte aller Selbstkonzeptskalen waren gut, ihre konvergenten und divergenten Validitäten hinsichtlich der Beziehungen zu Leistungen in einem Deutschtest (Studie 1) und zu fachspezifisch-akademischen Selbstwirksamkeiten (Studie 2) ließen sich belegen.
Blockade of IDO-kynurenine-AhR metabolic circuitry abrogates IFN-γ-induced immunologic dormancy of tumor-repopulating cells
Authors: Liu Yuying , Liang Xiaoyu , Yin Xiaonan , Lv Jiadi , Tang Ke , Ma Jingwei , Ji Tiantian , Zhang Huafeng , Dong Wenqian , Jin Xun , Chen Degao , Li Yanchun , Zhang Songyan , Xie Heidi Q. , Zhao Bin , Zhao Tong , Lu Jinzhi , Hu Zhuo-Wei , Cao Xuetao , Qin F. Xiao-Feng , Huang Bo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInteractions with the immune system may lead tumorigenic cells into dormancy. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Using a 3D fibrin gel model, we show that IFN-γ induces tumour-repopulating cells (TRCs) to enter dormancy through an indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)-kynurenine (Kyn)-aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-p27 dependent pathway. Mechanistically, IFN-γ signalling triggers differentiated tumour cell apoptosis via STAT1; however, when IDO1 and AhR are highly expressed as in TRCs, IFN-γ results in IDO1/AhR-dependent p27 induction that prevents STAT1 signalling, thus suppressing the process of cell death and activating the dormancy program. Blocking the IDO/AhR metabolic circuitry not only abrogates IFN-γ-induced dormancy but also results in enhanced repression of tumour growth by IFN-γ-induced apoptosis of TRCs bothin vitroandin vivo. These data present a previously unrecognized mechanism of inducing TRC dormancy by IFN-γ, suggesting a potential effective cancer immunotherapeutic modality through the combination of IFN-γ and IDO/AhR inhibitors.
Experimental test of photonic entanglement in accelerated reference frames
Authors: Fink Matthias , Rodriguez-Aramendia Ana , Handsteiner Johannes , Ziarkash Abdul , Steinlechner Fabian , Scheidl Thomas , Fuentes Ivette , Pienaar Jacques , Ralph Timothy C. , Ursin Rupert 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe unification of the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics is a long-standing challenge in contemporary physics. Experimental techniques in quantum optics have only recently reached the maturity required for the investigation of quantum systems under the influence of non-inertial motion, such as being held at rest in gravitational fields, or subjected to uniform accelerations. Here, we report on experiments in which a genuine quantum state of an entangled photon pair is exposed to a series of different accelerations. We measure an entanglement witness for g-values ranging from 30 mg to up to 30 g—under free-fall as well on a spinning centrifuge—and have thus derived an upper bound on the effects of uniform acceleration on photonic entanglement.
Mutation screening in genes known to be responsible for Retinitis Pigmentosa in 98 Small Han Chinese Families
Authors: Huang Lulin , Zhang Qi , Huang Xin , Qu Chao , Ma Shi , Mao Yao , Yang Jiyun , Li You , Li Yuanfeng , Tan Chang , Zhao Peiquan , Yang Zhenglin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) is highly heterogeneous in both clinical and genetic fields. Accurate mutation screening is very beneficial in improving clinical diagnosis and gene-specific treatment of RP patients. The reason for the difficulties in genetic diagnosis of RP is that the ethnic-specific mutation databases that contain both clinical and genetic information are largely insufficient. In this study, we recruited 98 small Han Chinese families clinically diagnosed as RP, including of 22 dominant, 19 recessive, 52 sporadic, and five X-linked. We then used whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis to detect mutations in the genes known for RP in 101 samples from these 98 families. In total, we identified 57 potential pathogenic mutations in 40 of the 98 (41%) families in 22 known RP genes, including 45 novel mutations. We detected mutations in 13 of the 22 (59%) typical autosomal dominant families, 8 of the 19 (42%) typical autosomal recessive families, 16 of the 52 (31%) sporadic small families, and four of the five (80%) X-linked families. Our results extended the mutation spectrum of known RP genes in Han Chinese, thus making a contribution to RP gene diagnosis and the pathogenetic study of RP genes.
A genetic screen in combination with biochemical analysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicates that phenazine-1-carboxylic acid is harmful to vesicular trafficking and autophagy
Authors: Zhu Xiaolong , Zeng Yan , Zhao Xiu , Zou Shenshen , He Ya-Wen , Liang Yongheng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe environmentally friendly antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) protects plants, mammals and humans effectively against various fungal pathogens. However, the mechanism by which PCA inhibits or kills fungal pathogens is not fully understood. We analyzed the effects of PCA on the growth of two fungal model organisms, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, and found that PCA inhibited yeast growth in a dose-dependent manner which was inversely dependent on pH. In contrast, the commonly used antibiotic hygromycin B acted in a dose-dependent manner as pH increased. We then screened a yeast mutant library to identify genes whose mutation or deletion conferred resistance or sensitivity to PCA. We isolated 193 PCA-resistant or PCA-sensitive mutants in clusters, including vesicle-trafficking- and autophagy-defective mutants. Further analysis showed that unlike hygromycin B, PCA significantly altered intracellular vesicular trafficking under growth conditions and blocked autophagy under starvation conditions. These results suggest that PCA inhibits or kills pathogenic fungi in a complex way, in part by disrupting vesicular trafficking and autophagy.
Evolution of Drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii After DCD Renal Transplantation
Authors: Jiang Hong , Cao Luxi , Qu Lihui , Qu Tingting , Liu Guangjun , Wang Rending , Li Bingjue , Wang Yuchen , Ying Chaoqun , Chen Miao , Lu Yingying , Feng Shi , Xiao Yonghong , Wang Junwen , Wu Jianyong , Chen Jianghua 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInfection after renal transplantation remains a major cause of morbidity and death, especially infection from the extensively drug-resistant bacteria, A. baumannii. A total of fourteen A. baumannii isolates were isolated from the donors’ preserved fluid from DCD (donation after cardiac death) renal transplantation and four isolates in the recipients’ draining liquid at the Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, from March 2013 to November 2014. An outbreak of A. baumannii emerging after DCD renal transplantation was tracked to understand the transmission of the pathogen. PFGE displayed similar DNA patterns between isolates from the same hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests against thirteen antimicrobial agents were determined using the K-B diffusion method and eTest. Whole-genome sequencing was applied to investigate the genetic relationship of the isolates. With the clinical data and research results, we concluded that the A. baumannii isolates 3R1 and 3R2 was probably transmitted from the donor who acquired the bacteria during his stay in the ICU, while isolate 4R1 was transmitted from 3R1 and 3R2 via medical manipulation. This study demonstrated the value of integration of clinical profiles with molecular methods in outbreak investigation and their importance in controlling infection and preventing serious complications after DCD transplantation.
Arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide-modified extracellular vesicles for active macropinocytosis induction and efficient intracellular delivery
Authors: Nakase Ikuhiko , Noguchi Kosuke , Aoki Ayako , Takatani-Nakase Tomoka , Fujii Ikuo , Futaki Shiroh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes have been shown to play crucial roles in cell-to-cell communication because of their ability to carry biofunctional molecules (e.g., microRNAs and enzymes). EVs also have pharmaceutical advantages and are highly anticipated to be a next-generation intracellular delivery tool. Here, we demonstrate an experimental technique that uses arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-modified EVs to induce active macropinocytosis for effective cellular EV uptake. Modification of arginine-rich CPPs on the EV membrane resulted in the activation of the macropinocytosis pathway, and the number of arginine residues in the peptide sequences affected the cellular EV uptake efficiency. Consequently, the ribosome-inactivating protein saporin-encapsulated EVs modified with hexadeca-arginine (R16) peptide effectively attained anti-cancer activity.
Neglect Patients Exhibit Egocentric or Allocentric Neglect for the Same Stimulus Contingent upon Task Demands
Authors: Leyland Louise-Ann , Godwin Hayward J. , Benson Valerie , Liversedge Simon P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHemispatial Neglect (HN) is a failure to allocate attention to a region of space opposite to where damage has occurred in the brain, usually the left side of space. It is widely documented that there are two types of neglect: egocentric neglect (neglect of information falling on the individual’s left side) and allocentric neglect (neglect of the left side of each object, regardless of the position of that object in relation to the individual). We set out to address whether neglect presentation could be modified from egocentric to allocentric through manipulating the task demands whilst keeping the physical stimulus constant by measuring the eye movement behaviour of a single group of neglect patients engaged in two different tasks (copying and tracing). Eye movements and behavioural data demonstrated that patients exhibited symptoms consistent with egocentric neglect in one task (tracing), and allocentric neglect in another task (copying), suggesting that task requirements may influence the nature of the neglect symptoms produced by the same individual. Different task demands may be able to explain differential neglect symptoms in some individuals.
Cryptic diversity in the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (Crustacea: Squillidae): Allopatric diversification, secondary contact and hybridization
Authors: Cheng Jiao , Sha Zhong-li 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMounting evidence of cryptic species in the marine realm emphasizes the necessity to thoroughly revise our current perceptions of marine biodiversity and species distributions. Here, we used mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtDNA COI) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrDNA ITS) to investigate cryptic diversity and potential hybridization in the Japanese mantis shrimpOratosquilla oratoriain the Northwestern (NW) Pacific. Both mitochondrial and nuclear gene genealogies revealed two cryptic species in this morphotaxon, which was further confirmed by extensive population-level analyses. One cryptic species is restricted to cold waters with a distribution range corresponding to temperate affinities, while the other dwelled warm waters influenced by the Kuroshio Current. Their divergence was postulated to be attributable to the vicariant event which resulted from the isolation of the Sea of Japan during the middle Pliocene (c. 3.85 Mya, 95% HPD 2.23–6.07 Mya). Allopatric speciation was maintained by limited genetic exchange due to their habitat preferences. Furthermore, the observation of recombinant nrDNA ITS sequence and intra-individual ITS polymorphism suggested recent hybridization event of the two cryptic species occurred in sympatric areas. Our study also illustrated that the Changjiang River outflow might act as an oceanic barrier to gene flow and promoted allopatric diversification inO. oratoriaspecies complex.
Midgut bacteria in deltamethrin-resistant, deltamethrin-susceptible, and field-caught populations of Plutella xylostella, and phenomics of the predominant midgut bacterium Enterococcus mundtii
Authors: Li Wenhong , Jin Daochao , Shi Caihua , Li Fengliang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGut bacteria play a significant role in host insect. This study evaluated detail difference of midgut bacteria in deltamethrin-resistant, deltamethrin-susceptible and field-caught populations of diamondback moth, and studied phenomics of the predominant midgut bacteriumEnterococcus mundtii. Cultivable bacteria revealed thatE. mundtiiandCarnobacterium maltaromaticumdominated the bacterial populations from deltamethrin-resistant and deltamethrin-susceptible larval midguts, whereasE.mundtiiwas predominant in field-caught population. Illumina sequencing analysis indicated that 97% of the midgut bacteria were from the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. Both resistant and susceptible populations had moreEnterococcusandCarnobacterium.Enterococcus, Carnobacterium,Bacillus, andPseudomonaswere predominant in the field-caught population. A phenomics analysis revealed thatE. mundtiiwas able to metabolize 25.26% of the tested carbon sources, 100% of the nitrogen sources, 100% of the phosphorus sources and 97.14% of the sulfur sources, had a wide range of osmolytes and pH conditions, and showed active deaminase activity but no decarboxylase activity. This is the first report regarding different populations of DBM midgut bacteria analyzed using both high-throughput DNA sequencing and cultivation methods, and also first report concerning the phenomics ofE. mundtii. The phenomics ofE. mundtiiprovide a basis for the future study of gut bacteria functions.
Microalgal diversity fosters stable biomass productivity in open ponds treating wastewater
Authors: Cho Dae-Hyun , Choi Jung-Woon , Kang Zion , Kim Byung-Hyuk , Oh Hee-Mock , Kim Hee-sik , Ramanan Rishiram 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIt is established that biodiversity determines productivity of natural ecosystems globally. We have proved that abiotic factors influenced biomass productivity in engineered ecosystems i.e. high rate algal ponds (HRAPs), previously. This study demonstrates that biotic factors, particularly microalgal diversity, play an essential role in maintaining stable biomass productivity in HRAP treating municipal wastewater by mutualistic adaptation to environmental factors. The current study examined data from the second year of a two-year study on HRAP treating municipal wastewater. Microalgal diversity, wastewater characteristics, treatment efficiency and several environmental and meteorological factors were documented. Multivariate statistical analyses reveal that microalgae in uncontrolled HRAPs adapt to adverse environmental conditions by fostering diversity. Subsequently, five dominant microalgal strains by biovolume were isolated, enriched, and optimum conditions for high biomass productivity were ascertained. These laboratory experiments revealed that different microalgal strains dominate in different conditions and a consortium of these diverse taxa help in sustaining the algae community from environmental and predatory pressures. Diversity, niche or seasonal partitioning and mutualistic growth are pertinent in microalgal cultivation or wastewater treatment. Therefore, enrichment of selective species would deprive the collective adaptive ability of the consortium and encourage system vulnerability especially in wastewater treatment.
The perceived stability of scenes: serial dependence in ensemble representations
Authors: Manassi Mauro , Liberman Alina , Chaney Wesley , Whitney David 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe are continuously surrounded by a noisy and ever-changing environment. Instead of analyzing all the elements in a scene, our visual system has the ability to compress an enormous amount of visual information into ensemble representations, such as perceiving a forest instead of every single tree. Still, it is unclear why such complex scenes appear to be the same from moment to moment despite fluctuations, noise, and discontinuities in retinal images. The general effects of change blindness are usually thought to stabilize scene perception, making us unaware of minor inconsistencies between scenes. Here, we propose an alternative, that stable scene perception is actively achieved by the visual system through global serial dependencies: the appearance of scene gist is sequentially dependent on the gist perceived in previous moments. To test this hypothesis, we used summary statistical information as a proxy for “gist” level, global information in a scene. We found evidence for serial dependence in summary statistical representations. Furthermore, we show that this kind of serial dependence occurs at the ensemble level, where local elements are already merged into global representations. Taken together, our results provide a mechanism through which serial dependence can promote the apparent consistency of scenes over time.
Refuges and host shift pathways of host-specialized aphids Aphis gossypii
Authors: Liu Xiang-Dong , Xu Ting-Ting , Lei Hai-Xia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPolyphagous cotton-melon aphid populations usually comprise cotton- and cucurbit-specialized biotypes. Host-specialized aphids are prone to food shortages. Cucumber, the favourite food of cucurbit-specialized aphids, is usually absent during autumn and winter in Nanjing, China. Therefore, suboptimal host plants act as refuges and govern the population dynamics of this aphid. The species, growth stages and leaf ages of host plants that cotton- and cucurbit-specialized aphids potentially could use were explored in this study. Cotton-specialized aphids were found to use wild chrysanthemum, potato, zucchini, pumpkin and flowering cucumber besides cotton, whilst cucurbit-specialized aphids were able to utilize potato, zucchini, pumpkin and mature cotton besides cucumber. The population dynamics and genotype frequencies of aphids on hibiscus, cotton, zucchini, cucumber and pumpkin showed that cotton-melon aphids on cucumber could transfer onto mature cotton. Aphids on zucchini shared microsatellite genotypes with aphids on cotton and cucumber. The predominant genotype of aphids on cotton was found on hibiscus, but the predominant genotype on cucumber was not found on hibiscus. Host-specialized aphids clearly have refuges during food shortages. Hibiscus is an overwintering host for cotton-specialized aphids but not for cucurbit-aphids. Removing refuges or managing aphids on refuges could potentially be an effective method to control cotton-melon aphids.
String method solution of the gating pathways for a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel
Authors: Lev Bogdan , Murail Samuel , Poitevin Frédéric , Cromer Brett A. , Baaden Marc , Delarue Marc , Allen Toby W. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
High-resolution structures of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels have created an opportunity to discover the mechanisms of rapid synaptic transduction in the brain. This study describes the mechanisms of allosteric channel gating using string method simulations, applied to a complete atomistic ion channel, combined with a transition analysis approach to extract free-energy surfaces from swarms of trajectories. We reproduce pH-modulated activity of the channel, identify the molecular interactions associated with interdomain communication, and quantify the energetics of the gating process. These results provide general mechanistic understanding of the function of pentameric ligand-gated channels, with potential applications in the design of improved anesthetics, neuromodulatory drugs, antiparasitics, and pesticides.
Microkeratome-Assisted Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty for the Correction of High-Degree Postkeratoplasty Astigmatism
Authors: Gutfreund Shay , Leon Pia , Busin Massimo 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:To describe the surgical technique and report the outcomes of patients treated with microkeratome-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty (MALK) for the correction of high-degree postkeratoplasty astigmatism.Methods:Four eyes of 2 patients with extremely high (>10 D) and irregular [surface asymmetry index >1.0 D] post-penetrating keratoplasty astigmatism occurring after complete suture removal underwent MALK and were followed for at least 3 years after the procedure. In all cases, 250-µm lamellar keratectomy was performed, followed by 2 full-thickness incisions through the penetrating keratoplasty scar and the placement of an appropriately sized donor graft, which was secured with a double-running 10-0 nylon suture. All sutures were removed in all eyes within 1 year from surgery. Corrected distance visual acuity, refraction, corneal topography, and endothelial cell density were noted at each examination.Results:At the last follow-up examination (3 years or longer after MALK), corrected distance visual acuity had improved to 20/20, refractive astigmatism had decreased to an average of 2.1 D (in all cases within 4.5 D), and the average surface asymmetry index had reduced from 2.27 to 0.56.Conclusions:MALK is an effective and safe technique for the correction of high-degree postkeratoplasty astigmatism.