bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic ischemic conditioning of the stomach increases neovascularization of the gastric conduit in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Pham Thai H. , Melton Shelby D. , McLaren Patrick J. , Mokdad Ali A. , Huerta Sergio , Wang David H. , Perry Kyle A. , Hardaker Hope L. , Dolan James P. 
Published: May 2017

Background and ObjectivesGastric ischemic preconditioning has been proposed to improve blood flow and reduce the incidence of anastomotic complications following esophagectomy with gastric pull‐up. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of prolonged ischemic preconditioning on the degree of neovascularization in the distal gastric conduit at the time of esophagectomy.MethodsA retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database identified 30 patients who underwent esophagectomy. The patients were divided into three groups: control (no preconditioning, n = 9), partial (short gastric vessel ligation only, n = 8), and complete ischemic preconditioning (left and short gastric vessel ligation, n = 13). Microvessel counts were assessed, using immunohistologic analysis to determine the degree of neovascularization at the distal gastric margin.ResultsThe groups did not differ in age, gender, BMI, pathologic stage, or cancer subtype. Ischemic preconditioning durations were 163 ± 156 days for partial ischemic preconditioning, compared to 95 ± 50 days for complete ischemic preconditioning (P = 0.2). Immunohistologic analysis demonstrated an increase in microvessel counts of 29% following partial ischemic preconditioning (P = 0.3) and 67% after complete ischemic preconditioning (P < 0.0001), compared to controls.ConclusionsOur study indicates that prolonged ischemic preconditioning is safe and does not interfere with subsequent esophagectomy. Complete ischemic preconditioning increased neovascularization in the distal gastric conduit.
Postinfectious olfactory loss: A retrospective study on 791 patients
Authors: Cavazzana Annachiara , Larsson Maria , Münch Marcus , Hähner Antje , Hummel Thomas 
Published: May 2017

Objectives/HypothesisPostinfectious olfactory loss is among the most common causes of olfactory impairment and has substantial negative impact on patients' quality of life. Recovery rates have been shown to spontaneously improve in most of patients, usually within 2 to 3 years. However, existing studies are limited by small sample sizes and short follow‐up. We aimed to assess the prognostic factors for recovery in a large sample of 791 patients with postinfectious olfactory disorders.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 791 patients with postinfectious olfactory loss. Olfactory functions were assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks test at the first and final visits (mean follow‐up = 1.94 years).ResultsSmell test scores improved over time. In particular, patient's age and the odor threshold (T), odor discrimination (D), and odor identification (I) (TDI) score at first visit were significant predictors of the extent of change. The percentage of anosmic and hyposmic patients exhibiting clinically significant improvement was 46% and 35%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study provides new evidence within the postinfectious olfactory loss literature, shedding light on the prognostic factors and showing that recovery of olfactory function is very frequent, even many years after the infection.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:10–15, 2018
Altered molecular profile in thyroid cancers from patients affected by the Three Mile Island nuclear accident
Authors: Goldenberg David , Russo Mariano , Houser Kenneth , Crist Henry , Derr Jonathan B. , Walter Vonn , Warrick Joshua I. , Sheldon Kathryn E. , Broach James , Bann Darrin V. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives/HypothesisIn 1979, Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear power plant experienced a partial meltdown with release of radioactive material. The effects of the accident on thyroid cancer (TC) in the surrounding population remain unclear. Radiation‐induced TCs have a lower incidence of single nucleotide oncogenic driver mutations and higher incidence of gene fusions. We used next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify molecular signatures of radiation‐induced TC in a cohort of TC patients residing near TMI during the time of the accident.Study DesignCase series.MethodsWe identified 44 patients who developed papillary thyroid carcinoma between 1974 and 2014. Patients who developed TC between 1984 and 1996 were at risk for radiation‐induced TC, patients who developed TC before 1984 or after 1996 were the control group. We used targeted NGS of paired tumor and normal tissue from each patient to identify single nucleotide oncogenic driver mutations. Oncogenic gene fusions were identified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsWe identified 15 patients in the at‐risk group and 29 patients in the control group. BRAFV600E mutations were identified in 53% patients in the at‐risk group and 83% patients in the control group. The proportion of patients with BRAF mutations in the at‐risk group was significantly lower than predicted by the The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. Gene fusion or somatic copy number alteration drivers were identified in 33% tumors in the at‐risk group and 14% of tumors in the control group.ConclusionsFindings were consistent with observations from other radiation‐exposed populations. These data raise the possibility that radiation released from TMI may have altered the molecular profile of TC in the population surrounding TMI.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:S1–S9, 2017
Law of large numbers for weighted inductive means in a Hadamard space
Authors: Choi Byoung Jin , Heo Jaeseong , Ji Un Cig 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe first study the law of large numbers for weighted inductive means of independent identically distributed random variables taking values in a Hadamard space. Secondly, we give a sharp asymptotic estimate for the limit of (non‐weighed) inductive means for the p‐Schatten class.
Tonic and phasic changes in anteromedial globus pallidus activity in Tourette syndrome
Authors: Israelashvili Michal , Smeets Anouk Y.J.M. , Bronfeld Maya , Zeef Dagmar H. , Leentjens Albert F.G. , van Kranen‐Mastenbroek Vivianne , Janssen Marcus L.F. , Temel Yasin , Ackermans Linda , Bar‐Gad Izhar 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBackground: Tourette syndrome is a hyperkinetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by tics.Objective: Assess the neuronal changes in the associative/limbic GP associated with Tourette syndrome.Methods: Neurophysiological recordings were performed from the anterior (associative/limbic) GPe and GPi of 8 awake patients during DBS electrode implantation surgeries.Results: The baseline firing rate of the neurons was low in a state‐dependent manner in both segments of the GP. Tic‐dependent transient rate changes were found in the activity of individual neurons of both segments around the time of the tic. Neither oscillatory activity of individual neurons nor correlations in their interactions were observed.Conclusions: The results demonstrate the involvement of the associative/limbic pathway in the underlying pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome and point to tonic and phasic modulations of basal ganglia output as a key mechanisms underlying the abnormal state of the disorder and the expression of individual tics, respectively. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Carbon and oxygen minibeam radiation therapy: An experimental dosimetric evaluation
Authors: Martínez‐Rovira Immaculada , González Wilfredo , Brons Stephan , Prezado Yolanda 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo perform dosimetric characterization of a minibeam collimator in both carbon and oxygen ion beams to guide optimal setup geometry and irradiation for future radiobiological studies.MethodsCarbon and oxygen minibeams were generated using a prototype tungsten multislit collimator presenting line apertures 700 μm wide, which are spaced 3500 μm centre‐to‐centre distance apart. Several radiation beam spots generated the desired field size of 15 × 15 mm2 and production of a 50 mm long spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) centered at 80 mm depth in water. Dose evaluations were performed with two different detectors: a PTW microDiamond single crystal diamond detector and radiochromic films (EBT3). Peak‐to‐valley dose ratio (PVDR) values, output factors (OF), penumbras, and full width at half maximum (FWHM) were measured.ResultsMeasured lateral dose profiles exhibited spatial fractionation of dose at depth in a water phantom in the expected form of peaks and valleys for both carbon and oxygen radiation fields. The diamond detector and radiochromic film provided measurements of PVDR in good agreement. PVDR values at shallow depth were about 60 and decreased to about 10 at 80 mm depth in water. OF in the center of the SOBP was about 0.4; this value is larger than the corresponding one in proton minibeam radiation therapy measured using a comparable collimator due to a reduced lateral scattering for carbon and oxygen minibeams.ConclusionsCarbon and oxygen minibeams may be produced by a mechanical collimator. PVDR values and output factors measured in this first study of these minibeam radiation types indicate there is potential for their therapeutic use. Optimization of minibeam collimator design and the number and size of focal spots for irradiation are advocated to improve PDVR values and dose distributions for each specific applied use.
Determining the relative strengths of aromatic and aliphatic C―H⋅⋅⋅X hydrogen bonds in imidazolium ionic liquids through measurement of H/D isotope effects on 19F nuclear shielding
Authors: Bottini Gualberto , Moyna Guillermo 
Published: May 2017

The relative strengths of aromatic and aliphatic C―H⋅⋅⋅X hydrogen bonds in imidazolium ionic liquids were investigated through measurement of H/D isotope effects on the 19F nuclear shielding of deuterated isotopologues of 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and tetrafluoroborate ([C4mim]PF6 and [C4mim]BF4). Δ19F(H,D) values ranging from 9.7 to 49.7 ppb were observed for [C4mim]PF6 isotopologues, while for the [C4mim]BF4 series these went from 26.2 to 83.8 ppb. Our findings indicate that the interactions between the fluorinated anions and protons on the C‐1′ and C‐1″ position of the N‐alkyl sidechains are comparable to, and in some cases stronger than, those involving protons on the aromatic ring, underscoring the role that these weak interionic forces have on the local ordering of imidazolium salts in the liquid state. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple‐coil k‐space interpolation enhances resolution in single‐shot spatiotemporal MRI
Authors: Liberman Gilad , Solomon Eddy , Lustig Michael , Frydman Lucio 
Published: May 2017

PurposeSpatio‐temporal encoding (SPEN) experiments can deliver single‐scan MR images without folding complications and with robustness to chemical shift and susceptibility artifacts. Further resolution improvements are shown to arise by relying on multiple receivers, to interpolate the sampled data along the low‐bandwidth dimension. The ensuing multiple‐sensor interpolation is akin to recently introduced SPEN interleaving procedures, albeit without requiring multiple shots.MethodsBy casting SPEN's spatial rasterization in k‐space, it becomes evident that local k‐data interpolations enabled by multiple receivers are akin to real‐space interleaving of SPEN images. The practical implementation of such a resolution‐enhancing procedure becomes similar to those normally used in simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics or sensitivity encoding, yet relaxing these methods’ fold‐over constraints.ResultsExperiments validating the theoretical expectations were carried out on phantoms and human volunteers on a 3T scanner. The experiments showed the expected resolution enhancement, at no cost to the sequence's complexity. With the addition of multibanding and stimulated echo procedures, 48‐slice full‐brain coverage could be recorded free from distortions at submillimeter resolution, in 3 s.ConclusionsSuper‐resolved SPEN with SENSE (SUSPENSE) achieves the goals of multishot SPEN interleaving delivering single‐shot submillimeter in‐plane resolutions in scanners equipped with suitable multiple sensors. Magn Reson Med 79:796–805, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Enhanced quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) using real‐time field control
Authors: Özbay Pinar Senay , Duerst Yolanda , Wilm Bertram Jakob , Pruessmann Klaas Paul , Nanz Daniel 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo assess the potential of a real‐time field‐control (FC) system for mitigating effects of spatiotemporal field fluctuations in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) at 7 T.MethodsMagnitude, phase, and QSM images of phantoms and healthy volunteers were acquired under standard conditions and under induced field perturbation (FP) (phantoms: periodic water‐bottle displacement; volunteers: deep breathing and forearm movement) with and without FC, which continuously detects and minimizes magnetic‐field variations.ResultsField control successfully eliminated FP‐induced impairment of phantom image quality and deviations from a linear susceptibility increase for increasing gadolinium concentration in a Gd dilution series (y = 320x – 0.60, R2 = 0.93 for the scan with FP and FC versus y = 259x – 0.54, R2 = 0.78 for the scan with FP and no FC (slope literature value: 326 ppm L/mol)). Similarly, in volunteers, FC allowed a recovery of a FP‐induced loss of identifiable brain structures and reduced the relative change of mean susceptibilities and standard deviations (93 ± 53% to 34 ± 46%) in all regions of interests with respect to the reference scan.ConclusionsReal‐time FC improved the delineation of brain structures and the match of susceptibility values with reference values obtained without FP. Magn Reson Med 79:770–778, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
The ratio of pericardial to subcutaneous adipose tissues is associated with insulin resistance
Authors: Alman Amy C. , Smith Steven R. , Eckel Robert H. , Hokanson John E. , Burkhardt Brant R. , Sudini Preethi R. , Wu Yougui , Schauer Irene E. , Pereira Rocio I. , Snell‐Bergeon Janet K. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the association between pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) and the ratio of PAT to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with insulin resistance in adults with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsData for this report came from a substudy of the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes cohort (n = 83; 38 with T1D, 45 without T1D). Insulin resistance was measured by hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was used to measure visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and SAT. PAT was measured from CT scans of the heart.ResultsPAT and the ratio of PAT to SAT was higher in males compared to females. After adjustment for demographics, diabetes, blood pressure and lipid factors, BMI, VAT, and log PAT/SAT ratio, log PAT was positively associated with the glucose infusion rate (GIR) in females only (β = 3.36 ± 1.96, P = 0.097, P for sex interaction = 0.055). Conversely, the log PAT/SAT ratio was significantly associated with decreased GIR in both males and females (β = −2.08 ± 1.03, P = 0.047, P for sex interaction = 0.768).ConclusionsA significant association between the PAT/SAT ratio and insulin resistance was found, independent of BMI, VAT, and PAT. These results highlight the importance of considering fat distribution independent of volume.
Design and development of a semi‐autonomous agricultural vineyard sprayer: Human–robot interaction aspects
Authors: Adamides George , Katsanos Christos , Constantinou Ioannis , Christou Georgios , Xenos Michalis , Hadzilacos Thanasis , Edan Yael 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article presents the design aspects and development processes to transform a general‐purpose mobile robotic platform into a semi‐autonomous agricultural robot sprayer focusing on user interfaces for teleoperation. The hardware and the software modules that must be installed onto the system are described, with particular emphasis on human–robot interaction. Details of the technology are given focusing on the user interface aspects. Two laboratory experiments and two studies in the field to evaluate the usability of the user interface provide evidence for the increased usability of a prototype robotic system. Specifically, the study aimed to empirically evaluate the type of target selection input device mouse and digital pen outperformed Wiimote in terms of usability. A field experiment evaluated the effect of three design factors: (a) type of screen output, (b) number of views, (c) type of robot control input device. Results showed that participants were significantly more effective but less efficient when they had multiple views, than when they had a single view. PC keyboard was also found to significantly outperform PS3 gamepad in terms of interaction efficiency and perceived usability. Heuristic evaluations of different user interfaces were also performed using research‐based HRI heuristics. Finally, a study on participants’ overall user experience found that the system was evaluated positively on the User Experience Questionnaire scales.
Efficient in‐field plant phenomics for row‐crops with an autonomous ground vehicle
Authors: Underwood James , Wendel Alexander , Schofield Brooke , McMurray Larn , Kimber Rohan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe scientific areas of plant genomics and phenomics are capable of improving plant productivity, yet they are limited by the manual labor that is currently required to perform in‐field measurement, and a lack of technology for measuring the physical performance of crops growing in the field. A variety of sensor technology has the potential to efficiently measure plant characteristics that are related to production. Recent advances have also shown that autonomous airborne and manually driven ground‐based sensor platforms provide practical mechanisms for deploying the sensors in the field. This paper advances the state‐of‐the‐art by developing and rigorously testing an efficient system for high throughput in‐field agricultural row‐crop phenotyping. The system comprises an autonomous unmanned ground‐vehicle robot for data acquisition and an efficient data post‐processing framework to provide phenotype information over large‐scale real‐world plant‐science trials. Experiments were performed at three trial locations at two different times of year, resulting in a total traversal of 43.8 km to scan 7.24 hectares and 2423 plots (including repeated scans). The height and canopy closure data were found to be highly repeatable (r2 = 1.00 N = 280, r2 = 0.99 N = 280, respectively) and accurate with respect to manually gathered field data (r2 = 0.95 N = 470, r2 = 0.91 N = 361, respectively), yet more objective and less‐reliant on human skill and experience. The system was found to be a more labor‐efficient mechanism for gathering data, which compares favorably to current standard manual practices.
Resilience in Complex Systems: An Agent‐Based Approach
Authors: Pumpuni‐Lenss Gloria , Blackburn Timothy , Garstenauer Andreas 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper presents results from a research project on the behavior of complex systems after they experience disruptive events that impact their performance. As systems become more complex, the probability increases that they will exhibit emergent behavior that could lead to system failures or widespread and prolonged service interruptions. A complex adaptive system (CAS) approach is used to conceptualize a complex network system that has been impacted by disruptions and perturbations. A combination of network analysis and agent‐based modeling is used to measure the performance of the system as it responds to disruptive events and restoration efforts. This system‐level behavior is an emergent property of the complex network and represents system resilience. Various resilience measures are used to quantify system resilience and assess the effectiveness of strategies system owners employ to restore the system. We illustrate our techniques by characterizing a critical infrastructure system network as a CAS, and applying an agent‐based simulation with an adaptive algorithm.
A new stall delay algorithm for predicting the aerodynamics loads on wind turbine blades for axial and yawed conditions
Authors: Elgammi Moutaz , Sant Tonio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStall delay is a complicated phenomenon that has gained for many years the attention of industry and academics in the fields of helicopter and wind turbine aerodynamics. Since most of the potential flow theories still rely on the use of 2D aerofoil data for simulating loads on a rotating blade, less degree of accuracy is expected because of 3D rotational effects. In this work, a new model for correcting the 2D steady aerodynamic data for 3D effects is presented. The model can reduce the uncertainty in the blade design process and, subsequently, make wind turbines more cost‐effective. This model combines the stall delay model of Corrigan and Schillings, a modified version of an inviscid stall delay model, a new modification factor to account for the effect of the angle of attack changes and a new tip loss factor. Furthermore, the model applies the use of the separation factor of Du and Selig to evaluate the area on the rotor disc where stall delay is most prominent. The new stall delay model was embedded in a free‐wake vortex model to estimate the aerodynamic loads on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Phase VI rotor blades consisting of the S809 aerofoil sections. The results in this study confirm the validity of the 3D corrections by the proposed new model under both axial and yawed flow conditions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ray tracing and geodesic deviation of the SH and SV reference rays in a heterogeneous generally anisotropic medium which is approximately uniaxial
Authors: Klimeš Luděk , Bulant Petr 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The coupling ray theory is usually applied to anisotropic common reference rays, but it is more accurate if it is applied to reference rays which are closer to the actual wave paths. If we know that a medium is close to uniaxial (transversely isotropic), it may be advantageous to trace reference rays which resemble the SH–wave and SV–wave rays. This paper is devoted to defining and tracing these SH and SV reference rays of elastic S waves in a heterogeneous generally anisotropic medium which is approximately uniaxial (approximately transversely isotropic), and to the corresponding equations of geodesic deviation (dynamic ray tracing). All presented equations are simultaneously applicable to ordinary and extraordinary reference rays of electromagnetic waves in a generally bianisotropic medium which is approximately uniaxially anisotropic. The improvement of the coupling–ray–theory seismograms calculated along the proposed SH and SV reference rays, compared to the coupling–ray–theory seismograms calculated along the anisotropic common reference rays, has already been numerically demonstrated by the authors in four approximately uniaxial velocity models.