bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and related factors in Korean firefighters
Authors: Jang Tae-Won , Ahn Yeon-Soon , Byun Junsu , Lee Jong-In , Kim Kun-Hyung , Kim Youngki , Song Han-Soo , Lee Chul-Gab , Kwon Young-Jun , Yoon Jin-Ha , Jeong Kyoungsook 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThe job of firefighting can cause lumbar burden and low back pain. This study aimed to identify the association between age and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and whether the association differs between field and administrative (non-field) firefighters.MethodsSubjects were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Firefighters were stratified by geographic area, gender, age and type of job. First, 25 fire stations were randomly sampled considering regional distribution. Then firefighters were stratified by gender, age and their job and randomly selected among the strata. A questionnaire survey and MRI scans were performed, and then four radiologists used Pfirrmann classification methods to determine the grade of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration.ResultsPfirrmann grade increased with lumbar intervertebral disc level. Analysis of covariance showed that age was significantly associated with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (p<0.05). The value of β (parameter estimate) was positive at all lumbar intervertebral disc levels and was higher in the field group than in the administrative group at each level. In logistic regression analysis, type of job was statistically significant only with regard to the L4–5 intervertebral disc (OR 3.498, 95% CI 1.241 to 9.860).ConclusionsLumbar intervertebral disc degeneration is associated with age, and field work such as firefighting, emergency and rescue may accelerate degeneration in the L4–5 intervertebral disc. The effects of field work on lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration were not clear in discs other than at the level L4–5.
Protocol for the ‘Virtual Traveller’ cluster-randomised controlled trial: a behaviour change intervention to increase physical activity in primary-school Maths and English lessons
Authors: Norris E , Dunsmuir S , Duke-Williams O , Stamatakis E , Shelton N 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionPhysical activity (PA) has been shown to be an important factor for health and educational outcomes in children. However, a large proportion of children's school day is spent in sedentary lesson-time. There is emerging evidence about the effectiveness of physically active lessons: integrating physical movements and educational content in the classroom. ‘Virtual Traveller’ is a novel 6-week intervention of 10-min sessions performed 3 days per week, using classroom interactive whiteboards to integrate movement into primary-school Maths and English teaching. The primary aim of this project is to evaluate the effect of the Virtual Traveller intervention on children's PA, on-task behaviour and student engagement.Methods and analysisThis study will be a cluster-randomised controlled trial with a waiting-list control group. Ten year 4 (aged 8–9 years) classes across 10 primary schools will be randomised by class to either the 6-week Virtual Traveller intervention or the waiting-list control group. Data will be collected 5 times: at baseline, at weeks 2 and 4 of the intervention, and 1 week and 3 months postintervention. At baseline, anthropometric measures, 4-day objective PA monitoring (including 2 weekend days; Actigraph accelerometer), PA and on-task behaviour observations and student engagement questionnaires will be performed. All but anthropometric measures will be repeated at all other data collection points. Changes in overall PA levels and levels during different time-periods (eg, lesson-time) will be examined. Changes in on-task behaviour and student engagement between intervention groups will also be examined. Multilevel regression modelling will be used to analyse the data. Process evaluation will be carried out during the intervention period.Ethics and disseminationThe results of this study will be disseminated through peer-review publications and conference presentations. Ethical approval was obtained through the University College London Research Ethics Committee (reference number: 3500-004).
Collaborative healthcare remodelling through sequential simulation: a patient and front-line staff perspective
Authors: Weldon Sharon-Marie , Kneebone Roger , Bello Fernando 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe Department of health funded an initiative to pioneer new approaches that would create a more integrated form of care.Local problemIn order to receive funding, local Clinical Commissioning Groups were required to engage a range of stakeholders in a practical approach that generated the development of an integrated model of care.InterventionTwo sequential simulation (SqS) workshops comprising 65 and 93 participants, respectively, were designed using real patient scenarios from the locality, covering areas of general practice, community health and adult social care. Workshops were attended by a diverse group of stakeholders. The first workshop addressed current care pathways and the second modelled ideal care pathways generated from the data obtained at the first workshop.MethodsDiscussions were captured through video recording, field-notes and pre and post questionnaires. Data was collated, transcribed and analysed through a combination of descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.ResultsThe questionnaires revealed that attendees strongly agreed that they had had an opportunity to contribute to all discussions and raise questions, concerns and ideas (100%). Pre and post knowledge of current and new models of care was vastly improved. The opportunity to share information and to network was valued, with the SqS approach seen as breaking professional barriers (100%).ConclusionsSimulation can be used as a tool to engage stakeholders in designing integrated models of care. The systematic data collection from the diverse ideas generated also allows for a much-needed ‘ear’ to those providing the solutions, as well as a legitimate and balanced perspective.
The effect of CH4/H2 ratio on the surface properties of HDPE treated by CHx ion beam bombardment
Authors: Ding Wanyu , Guo Yuanyuan , Ju Dongying , Sato Susumu , Tsunoda Teruo 
Published: June 2016

The surface of high density polyethylene (HDPE) substrate was bombarded by the CH[Formula: see text] group ion beam, which was generated by the mixture of CH4/H2. Varying the CH4/H2 ratio, HDPE surfaces with different chemical bond structures and properties were obtained. Raman and XPS results show that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] bond structures are formed at HDPE surface bombarded by CH[Formula: see text] group ions. The [Formula: see text] bond fraction at bombarded HDPE surface depends on the H2 ratio in CH4/H2 mixture, because the H ion/atom/molecule can improve the growth of [Formula: see text] bond structure. For HDPE surface bombarded by CH4/H2 = 50/50, [Formula: see text] bond fraction reaches the maximum of 30.5%, the surface roughness decreases to 17.04 nm, and the static contact angle of polar H2O molecule increased to 140.2[Formula: see text].
Increasing Reproducibility in IR
Authors: Ferro Nicola , Fuhr Norbert , Järvelin Kalervo , Kando Noriko , Lippold Matthias , Zobel Justin 
Published: June 2016

The Dagstuhl Seminar on "Reproducibility of Data-Oriented Experiments in e-Science", held on 24-29 January 2016, focused on the core issues and approaches to reproducibility of experiments from a multidisciplinary point of view, sharing the experience coming from several fields of computer science.
In this paper, we discuss, summarize, and adapt the main findings of the seminar to the context of IR evaluation -- both system-oriented and user-oriented -- in order to raise awareness in our community and stimulate the fields towards and increased reproducibility of our experiments.
BRAF V600E Mutant Colorectal Cancer Subtypes Based on Gene Expression
Authors: Barras David , Missiaglia Edoardo , Wirapati Pratyaksha , Sieber Oliver M. , Jorissen Robert N. , Love Chris , Molloy Peter L. , Jones Ian T. , McLaughlin Stephen , Gibbs Peter , Guinney Justin , Simon Iris M. , Roth Arnaud D. , Bosman Fred T. , Tejpar Sabine , Delorenzi Mauro 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Mutation of BRAF at the valine 600 residue occurs in approximately 10% of colorectal cancers, a group with particularly poor prognosis. The response of BRAF mutant colorectal cancer to recent targeted strategies such as anti-BRAF or combinations with MEK and EGFR inhibitors remains limited and highly heterogeneous within BRAF V600E cohorts. There is clearly an unmet need in understanding the biology of BRAF V600E colorectal cancers and potential subgroups within this population.
Experimental Design: In the biggest yet reported cohort of 218 BRAF V600E with gene expression data, we performed unsupervised clustering using non-negative matrix factorization to identify gene expression–based subgroups and characterized pathway activation.
Results: We found strong support for a split into two distinct groups, called BM1 and BM2. These subtypes are independent of MSI status, PI3K mutation, gender, and sidedness. Pathway analyses revealed that BM1 is characterized by KRAS/AKT pathway activation, mTOR/4EBP deregulation, and EMT whereas BM2 displays important deregulation of the cell cycle. Proteomics data validated these observations as BM1 is characterized by high phosphorylation levels of AKT and 4EBP1, and BM2 patients display high CDK1 and low cyclin D1 levels. We provide a global assessment of gene expression motifs that differentiate BRAF V600E subtypes from other colorectal cancers.
Conclusions: We suggest that BRAF mutant patients should not be considered as having a unique biology and provide an in depth characterization of heterogeneous motifs that may be exploited for drug targeting. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 104–15. ©2016 AACR.
Dissection of the Major Hematopoietic Quantitative Trait Locus in Chromosome 6q23.3 Identifies miR-3662 as a Player in Hematopoiesis and Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Maharry Sophia E. , Walker Christopher J. , Liyanarachchi Sandya , Mehta Sujay , Patel Mitra , Bainazar Maryam A. , Huang Xiaomeng , Lankenau Malori A. , Hoag Kevin W. , Ranganathan Parvathi , Garzon Ramiro , Blachly James S. , Guttridge Denis C. , Bloomfield Clara D. , de la Chapelle Albert , Eisfeld Ann-Kathrin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Chromosomal aberrations and multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have established a major hematopoietic quantitative trait locus in chromosome 6q23.3. The locus comprises an active enhancer region, in which some of the associated SNPs alter transcription factor binding. We now identify miR-3662 as a new functional driver contributing to the associated phenotypes. The GWAS SNPs are strongly associated with higher miR-3662 expression. Genome editing of rs66650371, a three-base-pair deletion, suggests a functional link between the SNP genotype and the abundance of miR-3662. Increasing miR-3662′s abundance increases colony formation in hematopoietic progenitor cells, particularly the erythroid lineage. In contrast, miR-3662 is not expressed in acute myeloid leukemia cells, and its overexpression has potent antileukemic effects in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-3662 directly targets NF-κB–mediated transcription. Thus, miR-3662 is a new player of the hematopoietic 6q23.3 locus.
Significance: The characterization of miR-3662 has identified a new actor in the prominent hematopoietic quantitative trait locus in chromosome 6q23.3. The mechanistic insights into miR-3662′s function may reveal novel or only partially known pathways for normal and malignant hematopoietic cell proliferation. Cancer Discov; 6(9); 1036–51. ©2016 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 932
Outcome of 1051 Octogenarian Patients With ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Observational Cohort From the London Heart Attack Group
Authors: Bromage Daniel I. , Jones Daniel A. , Rathod Krishnaraj S. , Grout Claire , Iqbal M. Bilal , Lim Pitt , Jain Ajay , Kalra Sundeep S. , Crake Tom , Astroulakis Zoe , Ozkor Mick , Rakhit Roby D. , Knight Charles J. , Dalby Miles C. , Malik Iqbal S. , Mathur Anthony , Redwood Simon , MacCarthy Philip A. , Wragg Andrew 
Published: June 2016

Background

ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction is increasingly common in octogenarians, and optimal management in this cohort is uncertain. This study aimed to describe the outcomes of octogenarians with
ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results

We analyzed 10 249 consecutive patients with
ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention between 2005 and 2011 at 8 tertiary cardiac centers across London, United Kingdom. The primary end point was all‐cause mortality at a median follow‐up of 3 years. In total, 1051 patients (10.3%) were octogenarians, with an average age of 84.2 years, and the proportion increased over the study period (
P
=0.04). In‐hospital mortality (7.7% vs 2.4%,
P
<0.0001) and long‐term mortality (51.6% vs 12.8%,
P
<0.0001) were increased in octogenarians compared with patients aged <80 years, and age was an independent predictor of mortality in a fully adjusted model (hazard ratio 1.07, 95%
CI
1.07–1.09,
P
<0.0001). Time‐stratified analysis revealed an increasingly elderly and more complex cohort over time. Nonetheless, long‐term mortality rates among octogenarians remained static over time, and this may be attributable to improved percutaneous coronary intervention techniques, including significantly higher rates of radial access and lower bleeding complications. Variables associated with bleeding complications were similar between octogenarian and younger cohorts.

Conclusions
In this large registry, octogenarians undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention had a higher rate of complications and mortality compared with a younger population. Over time, octogenarians undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention increased in number, age, and complexity. Nevertheless, in‐hospital outcomes were reasonable, and long‐term mortality rates were static.
Experiences of discrimination and positive treatment from health professionals: A national survey of adults with mental health problems
Authors: Morgan Amy J , Reavley Nicola J , Jorm Anthony F , Beatson Ruth 
Published: June 2016

Objective: To systematically investigate the scope and nature of discrimination and positive treatment experienced by adults with mental health problems when using health services in an Australian population-based survey. Methods: Australian adults ( n = 1381) who reported a mental health problem or scored high on a screening questionnaire were interviewed about their experience of discrimination and positive treatment from healthcare professionals. Descriptions of experiences were content-analysed to identify key characteristics. Results: In all, 11.8% of respondents reported discrimination from a health professional in the past 12 months. The most common types of discrimination included being treated dismissively, being judged and not being listened to, particularly regarding personal history and treatment needs. In contrast, 40.4% reported being treated more positively by their health professional because of their mental health problem. Key types of positive treatment by health professionals were being supportive and understanding and being a good listener. Good quality care approaches were also appreciated, including making a referral, being engaged in the treatment process, regularly checking the status of the person’s mental health and providing information. Conclusion: A minority of respondents with mental health problems had experienced discrimination from their healthcare professional, potentially interfering with recovery. Anti-stigma education interventions for healthcare professionals should address how to increase knowledge and understanding of mental health problems, reduce negative attitudes and encourage supportive behaviours.
Drawing instead of answering to evaluate the effectiveness of food safety programmes in primary school
Authors: Faccio Elena , Costa Norberto , Losasso Carmen , Barrucci Federica , Mantovani Claudio , Cibin Veronica , Andrighetto Iginio , Ricci Antonia 
Published: June 2016

Objective: The high incidence of foodborne disease among children suggests the value of health promotion. Children are a high-risk group so far as foodborne disease is concerned, although they may be hard to reach with training programmes. This research investigated the use of drawings, compared with questionnaires, to evaluate the impact of a health promotion programme to improve knowledge and habits in the context of food handling and personal hygiene. Setting: Children (184) attending primary school and living in the north of Italy were enrolled in the programme. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative tools: pre- and post-intervention questionnaires were administered, and children were asked to produce pre- and post-intervention drawings about microorganisms and their effects on humans. An observation grid was built to code key features in the drawings. Results: Results clearly showed that some drawing features correlated with and predicted high scores in the questionnaire on knowledge of microorganisms. These were the use of captions, the representation of a natural context and the presence of a causal link between depicted elements. Conclusion: Study findings highlight the potential of the use of drawing as an effective evaluation tool. The use of drawing can support the design of strategies for the validation of health campaigns aimed at the amelioration of children’s food contamination–related (and perhaps other) risks.
Exposure to Suicide in the Community: Prevalence and Correlates in One U.S. State
Authors: Cerel Julie , Maple Myfanwy , van de Venne Judy , Moore Melinda , Flaherty Chris , Brown Margaret 
Published: June 2016

Objective. Suicide has been identified as a major public health issue. Exposure to suicide (i.e., knowing someone who died by suicide) is far more pervasive than previously considered and might be associated with significant adverse outcomes. As suicide becomes more commonly discussed in the public arena, a compelling need exists to determine who is exposed to suicide and how this exposure affects those left behind. This study estimated the proportion of the population exposed to suicide and delineated factors that predict significant psychiatric and psychosocial morbidity following that exposure. Methods. A dual-frame random-digit-dial survey was conducted on a sample of 1,736 U.S. adults in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Depression and anxiety were compared in suicide-exposed and suicide-unexposed individuals. Relationships were examined between psychiatric outcomes and perceptions of closeness to the decedent. Results. Forty-eight percent of weighted participants ( n=816/1,687) reported lifetime exposure to suicide. Current depression and anxiety symptoms were higher in suicide-exposed than in suicide-unexposed individuals. Suicide-exposed individuals were twice as likely as suicide-unexposed individuals to have diagnosable depression and almost twice as likely to have diagnosable anxiety. Suicide-exposed individuals were more likely than suicide-unexposed individuals to report suicide ideation (9% vs. 5%). Closeness to the decedent increased the odds of depression and anxiety and almost quadrupled the odds of posttraumatic stress disorder. Conclusion. Exposure to suicide is pervasive and occurs beyond family; as such, it is imperative to identify those with perceived closeness to the decedent. This hidden cohort of suicide-exposed people is at elevated risk for psychopathology and suicidal ideation.
Agreement between Self-Reported and Confirmed Cancer Diagnoses in New York City Firefighters and EMS Workers, 2001–2011
Authors: Zeig-Owens Rachel , Kablanian Andrea , Webber Mayris P. , Liu Yang , Mayerson Edward , Schwartz Theresa , Jaber Nadia , Kelly Kerry J. , Prezant David J. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives. Because of the delay in availability of cancer diagnoses from state cancer registries, self-reported diagnoses may be valuable in assessing the current cancer burden in many populations. We evaluated agreement between self-reported cancer diagnoses and state cancer registry-confirmed diagnoses among 21,437 firefighters and emergency medical service workers from the Fire Department of the City of New York. We also investigated the association between World Trade Center (WTC) exposure and other characteristics in relation to accurate reporting of cancer diagnoses. Methods. Participants self-reported cancer status in questionnaires from October 2, 2001, to December 31, 2011. We obtained data on confirmed cancer diagnoses from nine state cancer registries, which we used as our gold standard. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), comparing self-reported cancer diagnoses with confirmed cancer diagnoses. We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess the association between WTC exposure and correct self-report of cancer status, false-positive cancer reports, and false-negative cancer reports. Results. Sensitivity and specificity for all cancers combined were 90.3% and 98.7%, respectively. Specificities and NPVs remained high in different cancer types, while sensitivities and PPVs varied considerably. WTC exposure was not associated with accurate reporting. Conclusion. We found high specificities, NPVs, and general concordance between self-reported cancer diagnoses and registry-confirmed diagnoses. Given the low population prevalence of cancer, self-reported cancer diagnoses may be useful for determining non-cancer cases. Because of the low sensitivities and PPVs for some individual cancers, however, case confirmation with state cancer registries or medical records remains critically important.
Timing of Clinical Billing Reimbursement for a Local Health Department
Authors: McCullough J. Mac 
Published: June 2016

Objectives. A major responsibility of a local health department (LHD) is to assure public health service availability throughout its jurisdiction. Many LHDs face expanded service needs and declining budgets, making billing for services an increasingly important strategy for sustaining public health service provision. Yet, little practice-based data exist to guide practitioners on what to expect financially, especially regarding timing of reimbursement receipt. This study provides results from one LHD on the lag from service delivery to reimbursement receipt. Methods. Reimbursement records for all transactions at Maricopa County Department of Public Health immunization clinics from January 2013 through June 2014 were compiled and analyzed to determine the duration between service and reimbursement. Outcomes included daily and cumulative revenues received. Time to reimbursement for Medicaid and private payers was also compared. Results. Reimbursement for immunization services was received a median of 68 days after service. Payments were sometimes taken back by payers through credit transactions that occurred a median of 333 days from service. No differences in time to reimbursement between Medicaid and private payers were found. Conclusions. Billing represents an important financial opportunity for LHDs to continue to sustainably assure population health. Yet, the lag from service provision to reimbursement may complicate budgeting, especially in initial years of new billing activities. Special consideration may be necessary to establish flexibility in the budget-setting processes for services with clinical billing revenues, because funds for services delivered in one budget period may not be received in the same period. LHDs may also benefit from exploring strategies used by other delivery organizations to streamline billing processes.