bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dielectrophoresis and dielectrophoretic impedance detection of adenovirus and rotavirus
Authors: Nakano Michihiko , Ding Zhenhao , Suehiro Junya 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study is the electrical detection of pathogenic viruses, namely, adenovirus and rotavirus, using dielectrophoretic impedance measurement (DEPIM). DEPIM consists of two simultaneous processes: dielectrophoretic trapping of the target and measurement of the impedance change and increase in conductance with the number of trapped targets. This is the first study of applying DEPIM, which was originally developed to detect bacteria suspended in aqueous solutions, to virus detection. The dielectric properties of the viruses were also investigated in terms of their dielectrophoretic behavior. Although their estimated dielectric properties were different from those of bacteria, the trapped viruses increased the conductance of the microelectrode in a manner similar to that in bacteria detection. We demonstrated the electrical detection of viruses within 60 s at concentrations as low as 70 ng/ml for adenovirus and 50 ng/ml for rotavirus.
Progress in organic integrated circuit manufacture
Authors: Taylor D. Martin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This review article focuses on the development of processes for the manufacture of organic electronic circuits. Beginning with the first report of an organic transistor it highlights the key developments leading to the successful manufacture of microprocessors and other complex circuits incorporating organic transistors. Both batch processing (based on silicon integrated circuit technology) as well as mass-printing, roll-to-roll (R2R) approaches are discussed. Currently, the best circuit performances are achieved using batch processing. It is suggested that an emerging, large mass-market for electronic tags may dictate that R2R manufacture will likely be required to meet the high throughput rates needed. However, significant improvements in resolution and registration are necessary to achieve increased circuit operating speeds.
Sound signatures and production mechanisms of three species of pipefishes (Family: Syngnathidae)
Authors: Lim Adam Chee Ooi , Chong Ving Ching , Wong Chiow San , Muniandy Sithi Vinayakam 
Published: December 2015

Background.Syngnathid fishes produce three kinds of sounds, named click, growl and purr. These sounds are generated by different mechanisms to give a consistent signal pattern or signature which is believed to play a role in intraspecific and interspecific communication. Commonly known sounds are produced when the fish feeds (click, purr) or is under duress (growl). While there are more acoustic studies on seahorses, pipefishes have not received much attention. Here we document the differences in feeding click signals between three species of pipefishes and relate them to cranial morphology and kinesis, or the sound-producing mechanism.Methods.The feeding clicks of two species of freshwater pipefishes,Doryichthys martensiiandDoryichthys deokhathoidesand one species of estuarine pipefish,Syngnathoides biaculeatus, were recorded by a hydrophone in acoustic dampened tanks. The acoustic signals were analysed using time-scale distribution (or scalogram) based on wavelet transform. A detailed time-varying analysis of the spectral contents of the localized acoustic signal was obtained by jointly interpreting the oscillogram, scalogram and power spectrum. The heads of bothDoryichthysspecies were prepared for microtomographical scans which were analysed using a 3D imaging software. Additionally, the cranial bones of all three species were examined using a clearing and double-staining method for histological studies.Results.The sound characteristics of the feeding click of the pipefish is species-specific, appearing to be dependent on three bones: the supraoccipital, 1st postcranial plate and 2nd postcranial plate. The sounds are generated when the head of theDorichthyespipefishes flexes backward during the feeding strike, as the supraoccipital slides backwards, striking and pushing the 1st postcranial plate against (and striking) the 2nd postcranial plate. In theSyngnathoidespipefish, in the absence of the 1st postcranial plate, the supraoccipital rubs against the 2nd postcranial plate twice as it is pulled backward and released on the return. Cranial morphology and kinesis produce acoustic signals consistent with the bone strikes that produce sharp energy spikes (discrete or merged), or stridulations between bones that produce repeated or multimodal sinusoidal waveforms.Discussion.The variable structure of the sound-producing mechanism explains the unique acoustic signatures of the three species of pipefish. The differences in cranial bone morphology, cranial kinesis and acoustic signatures among pipefishes (and seahorses) could be attributed to independent evolution within the Syngnathidae, which warrants further investigation.
Bioactivities by a crude extract from the GreenlandicPseudomonassp. In5 involves the nonribosomal peptides, nunamycin and nunapeptin
Authors: Michelsen Charlotte F. , Jensen Helle , Venditto Vincent J. , Hennessy Rosanna C. , Stougaard Peter 
Published: December 2015

Background.Bioactive microbial metabolites provide a successful source of novel compounds with pharmaceutical potentials. The bacteriumPseudomonassp. In5 is a biocontrol strain isolated from a plant disease suppressive soil in Greenland, which produces two antimicrobial nonribosomal peptides (NRPs), nunapeptin and nunamycin.Methods.In this study, we usedin vitroantimicrobial and anticancer bioassays to evaluate the potential bioactivities of both a crude extract derived fromPseudomonassp. In5 and NRPs purified from the crude extract.Results.We verified that the crude extract derived fromPseudomonassp. In5 showed suppressive activity against the basidiomyceteRhizoctonia solaniby inducing a mitochondrial stress-response. Furthermore, we confirmed suppressive activity against the oomycetePythium aphanidermatumby thePseudomonassp. In5 crude extract, and that the purified nunamycin and nunapeptin displayed distinct antimicrobial activities. In addition to the antimicrobial activity, we found that treatment of the cancer cell lines, Jurkat T-cells, Granta cells, and melanoma cells, with thePseudomonassp. In5 crude extract increased staining with the apoptotic marker Annexin V while no staining of healthy normal cells, i.e., naïve or activated CD4 T-cells, was observed. Treatment with either of the NRPs alone did not increase Annexin V staining of the Jurkat T-cells, despite individually showing robust antimicrobial activity, whereas an anticancer activity was detected when nunamycin and nunapeptin were used in combination.Discussion.Our results suggest that the bioactivity of a crude extract derived fromPseudomonassp. In5 involves the presence of both nunamycin and nunapeptin and highlight the possibility of synergy between multiple microbial metabolites.
An ice‐rich flow origin for the banded terrain in the Hellas basin, Mars
Authors: Diot X. , El‐Maarry M. R. , Guallini L. , Schlunegger F. , Norton K. P. , Thomas N. , Sutton S. , Grindrod P. M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe interior of Hellas Basin displays a complex landscape and a variety of geomorphological domains. One of these domains, the enigmatic banded terrain covers much of the northwestern part of the basin. We use high‐resolution (Context Camera and High‐Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) Digital Terrain Models to show that most of the complex viscous flowing behavior exhibited by the banded terrain is controlled by topography and flow‐like interactions between neighboring banded terrain. Furthermore, the interior of the basin hosts several landforms suggestive of the presence of near‐surface ice, which include polygonal patterns with elongated pits, scalloped depressions, isolated mounds, and collapse structures. We suggest that thermal contraction cracking and sublimation of near‐surface ice are responsible for the formation and the development of most of the ice‐related landforms documented in Hellas. The relatively pristine form, lack of superposed craters, and strong association with the banded terrain, suggest an Amazonian (<3 Ga) age of formation for these landforms. Finally, relatively high surface pressures (above the triple point of water) expected in Hellas and summertime temperatures often exceeding the melting point of water ice suggest that the basin may have recorded relatively “temperate” climatic conditions compared to other places on Mars. Therefore, the potentially ice‐rich banded terrain may have deformed with lower viscosity and stresses compared to other locations on Mars, which may account for its unique morphology.
Die elektrochemische Synthese polykationischer Cluster
Authors: Schulz Christopher , Daniels Jörg , Bredow Thomas , Beck Johannes 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDie elektrochemische Auflösung elementaren Tellurs in ionischen Flüssigkeiten (ionic liquids, ILs) oder flüssigem SO2 wird als eine neue Methode zur Synthese polykationischer Chalkogencluster vorgestellt. Die benutzten ILs sind Ethylmethylimidazoliumtriflat und Tetraalkylammoniumtriflylimid. Triflylmethanid wurde in Form von [BuMeIm][CTf3] als Elektrolyt in flüssigem SO2 eingesetzt. Auf diesem Weg gelang die Isolierung von [Te4][CTf3]2, [Te6][OTf]4 und [Te8][NTf]2, welche das quadratische [Te4]2+, das prismatische [Te6]4+ und das neuartige [Te8]2+ mit Barrelan‐Struktur enthalten. Diese Verbindungen haben neuartige Zusammensetzungen, da sie nicht die üblichen Halogenidometallat‐Anionen, sondern gebräuchliche, schwach koordinierende Anionen enthalten. Das 125Te‐NMR‐Spektrum einer IL‐Lösung, die das [Te8]2+‐Ion enthält, zeigt nur ein breites Signal bei +2700 ppm. DFT‐Rechnungen zeigen, dass geringe konzertierte Lageverschiebungen innerhalb des [Te8]2+‐Clusters zu einer fluktuierenden Molekülstruktur führen. Die Valenzisomerisierung ist schnell und weist eine geringe Aktivierungsbarriere von etwa 8 kJ mol−1 auf.
Synthese aufwärtskonvertierender 10 nm großer β‐NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4‐Kern/Schale‐Nanokristalle mit 5 nm großen Partikelkernen
Authors: Rinkel Thorben , Raj Athira Naduviledathu , Dühnen Simon , Haase Markus 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWir stellen eine neue Methode zur Herstellung sehr kleiner aufwärtskonvertierender Kern/Schale‐Nanokristalle vor, die ohne zusätzliche Kodotierung der Kernpartikel auskommt und Partikel im Gramm‐Maßstab liefert. Durch die Reaktion von Natriumoleat, Seltenerdoleat und Ammoniumfluorid werden zunächst ca. 5 nm große β‐NaYF4:Yb,Er‐Kernpartikel gebildet, wobei ein hohes Verhältnis von Natrium‐ zu Seltenerdionen die Nukleation einer großen Anzahl von Keimen der β‐Phase begünstigt. Anschließend wird eine ca. 2 nm dicke Schale aus β‐NaYF4 aufgewachsen, wobei 3–4 nm große α‐NaYF4‐Partikel als Vorläuferpartikel für das Schalenmaterial dienen. Im Gegensatz zu den Kernpartikeln werden diese Partikel der α‐Phase jedoch mit einem geringen Verhältnis von Natrium‐ zu Seltenerdionen hergestellt, welches die unerwünschte Nukleation von β‐NaYF4‐Partikeln während des Schalenwachstums wirksam unterdrückt.
Ortho‐Trialkylstannylarylphosphane über C‐P‐ und C‐Sn‐Bindungsknüpfung in Arinen
Authors: Li Yuanming , Chakrabarty Shyamal , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Studer Armido 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWir beschreiben eine neue und effiziente Methode zur Synthese von ortho‐Trialkylstannylarylphosphanen durch Insertion von in situ erzeugten Arinen in die Sn‐P‐Bindung von stannylierten Phosphanen (R3Sn‐PR2). Die simultan ablaufenden C‐P‐ und C‐Sn‐Bindungsknüpfungen ergeben die stannylierten Produkte in hohen Ausbeuten. Diese lassen sich leicht in synthetisch wertvolle ortho‐substituierte Arylphosphane überführen. Die Reaktion verläuft hoch effizient, mit guten Regioselektivitäten und ist praktisch in der Durchführung.
Ortho‐Trialkylstannyl Arylphosphanes by C–P and C–Sn Bond Formation in Arynes
Authors: Li Yuanming , Chakrabarty Shyamal , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Studer Armido 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA novel and efficient approach to ortho‐trialkylstannyl arylphosphanes by the reaction of arynes generated in situ with stannylated phosphanes (R3SnPR2) is described. Concurrent CP and CSn bond formation occurs with high yields, and stannylated products are easily transformed into valuable ortho‐substituted arylphosphanes. The reaction features high efficiency, good regioselectivity, and excellent practicality.
Systematic microcarrier screening and agitated culture conditions improves human mesenchymal stem cell yield in bioreactors
Authors: Rafiq Qasim A. , Coopman Karen , Nienow Alvin W. , Hewitt Christopher J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractProduction of human mesenchymal stem cells for allogeneic cell therapies requires scalable, cost‐effective manufacturing processes. Microcarriers enable the culture of anchorage‐dependent cells in stirred‐tank bioreactors. However, no robust, transferable methodology for microcarrier selection exists, with studies providing little or no reason explaining why a microcarrier was employed. We systematically evaluated 13 microcarriers for human bone marrow‐derived MSC (hBM‐MSCs) expansion from three donors to establish a reproducible and transferable methodology for microcarrier selection. Monolayer studies demonstrated input cell line variability with respect to growth kinetics and metabolite flux. HBM‐MSC1 underwent more cumulative population doublings over three passages in comparison to hBM‐MSC2 and hBM‐MSC3. In 100 mL spinner flasks, agitated conditions were significantly better than static conditions, irrespective of donor, and relative microcarrier performance was identical where the same microcarriers outperformed others with respect to growth kinetics and metabolite flux. Relative growth kinetics between donor cells on the microcarriers were the same as the monolayer study. Plastic microcarriers were selected as the optimal microcarrier for hBM‐MSC expansion. HBM‐MSCs were successfully harvested and characterised, demonstrating hBM‐MSC immunophenotype and differentiation capacity. This approach provides a systematic method for microcarrier selection, and the findings identify potentially significant bioprocessing implications for microcarrier‐based allogeneic cell therapy manufacture.
Purification and Formulation of Xanthophyll for Pharmaceutical Use: Current Strategies and Future Trends
Authors: Gómez‐Loredo Alma , Benavides Jorge , Rito‐Palomares Marco 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe increasing attention to biological activities of dietary xanthophylls demands the establishment of attractive and easy‐to‐implement purification protocols for their recovery from different sources. Bioengineering strategies that involve alternative isolation and purification techniques have gained interest since they offer practical benefits in comparison to traditional column chromatography methods. Furthermore, the use of these techniques has resulted in compound purities from 50 to 98 %. Besides purification, it is important to keep in mind that xanthophyll bioavailability is limited due to their low solubility in digestive fluids. Therefore, there is also the need to enhance xanthophyll bioavailability through formulations of the purified compounds. Several formulation techniques have been employed to obtain products for bioavailability or stability studies. However, there is a lack of studies that address the effect of the formulation upon the bioavailability and stability of these compounds. In the present review, emerging purification and formulation technologies that have shown potential for xanthophyll isolation and bioavailability enhancement are critically discussed. This analysis is presented in order to discuss the current trends in the purification and formulation technologies of xanthophylls, particularly for pharmaceutical use.
Room‐Temperature Hydration of Alkynes Catalyzed by Different Carbene Gold Complexes and their Precursors
Authors: Xu Yun , Hu Xingbang , Zhang Shufeng , Xi Xiuxing , Wu Youting 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe room‐temperature hydration of alkynes catalyzed by NHC‐gold(I) (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene), NAC‐gold(I) (NAC=nitrogen acyclic carbene), and isocyanide gold(I) complexes was investigated carefully in the presence of different weakly coordinating anions. NHC(IPr)‐AuCl/KB(C6F5)4 (NHC(IPr)=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene) was found to be the most active catalyst at room temperature, and the room‐temperature hydration of different alkynes could be completed in 7 h using only 0.5 mol % NHC(IPr)‐AuCl/KB(C6F5)4. It was further demonstrated that the catalyst system could be simply reused at least six times without a noticeable loss of catalytic activity.
Co‐Immobilization of a Palladium–Bisphosphine Complex and Strong Organic Base on a Silica Surface for Heterogeneous Synergistic Catalysis
Authors: Motokura Ken , Saitoh Koki , Noda Hiroto , Uemura Yohei , Chun Wang‐Jae , Miyaji Akimitsu , Yamaguchi Sho , Baba Toshihide 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCo‐immobilization of a palladium–bisphosphine complex and a strong organic base, 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), on a silica support was successfully achieved. The new catalyst structure was characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Although the local structure of the Pd–bisphosphine complex was unaffected by the presence of DABCO on the same silica surface, its catalytic activity in allylation reactions of nucleophiles was significantly enhanced, achieving turnover numbers (TON) up to >10 000, owing to dual‐activation of substrate molecules by the Pd complex and DABCO.
Development of a Replaceable Microreactor Coated with a CuZnFe Nanocatalyst for Methanol Steam Reforming
Authors: Mahmoudizadeh Masoud , Irankhah Abdullah , Irankhah Reza , Jafari Mehran 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA methanol steam microreactor with a replaceable catalytically coated plate structure was designed. A splitting‐jointing flow (SJF) design was proposed to increase the efficiency. Stainless‐steel plates were coated with a Cu/Zn/Fe nanocatalyst. Electrophoretic deposition served as a uniform and controllable coating technique to evaluate the performance of the nanocatalyst and the microchannel design. The functioning of the SJF design for methanol conversion was found to be only slightly dependent on the plate length. The yield of H2 varied with different lengths in the SJF, while the direct parallel microchannel showed a lower performance by reducing the plate length. Comparing a quartz packed‐bed reactor with a microreactor proved the strong dependency of methanol conversion on the accessibility of the reactants to the nanocatalyst sites.
Improved Mixing in a Magnetite Iron Ore Tank via Swirl Flow: Lab‐Scale and Full‐Scale Studies
Authors: Wu Jie , Wang Steven , Nguyen Bon , Marjavaara Daniel , Eriksson Ola 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSmall‐scale studies were conducted in laboratories with the aim to solve a difficult mixing problem in a life magnetite iron ore slurry tank. The existing 4‐bladed axial flow impeller located close to the bottom can be made to provide improved off‐bottom suspension and dramatically better mixing at approximately same power input when the tank baffles are removed. To maintain the same power input after removal of baffles, extending the impeller diameter or increasing speed was used. This result was implemented at LKAB's full‐scale slurry tank in Sweden, achieving a successful outcome of more consistent blending, which allowed ∼ 50 % increase in the tank surge capacity. The large full‐scale tank provided an opportunity to assess scaling up from the laboratory measurements. This scale‐up confirms that laboratory measurements are in approximate agreement with full‐scale observation based on using the Zwietering correlation.
Stereodynamics in the Collisional Autoionization of Water, Ammonia, and Hydrogen Sulfide with Metastable Rare Gas Atoms: Competition Between Intermolecular Halogen and Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Falcinelli Stefano , Bartocci Alessio , Cavalli Simonetta , Pirani Fernando , Vecchiocattivi Franco 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRecent experiments on the title subject, performed with a high‐resolution crossed‐beam apparatus, have provided the total ionization cross sections as a function of the collision energy between noble gas atoms, electronically excited in their metastable states (Ng*), and H2O, H2S, and NH3 reagents, as well as the emitted electron energy spectra. This paper presents a rationalization of all the experimental findings in a unifying picture to cast light on the basic chemical properties of Ng* under conditions of great relevance both from a fundamental and from an applied point of view. The importance of this investigation is that it isolates the selective role of the intermolecular halogen and hydrogen bonds, to assess their anisotropic effects on the stereodynamics of the promoted ionization reactions, and to model energy transfer and reactivity in systems of applied interest, such as planetary atmospheres, plasmas, lasers, and flames.
Catalytic Polymer Multilayer Shell Motors for Separation of Organics
Authors: Lin Zhihua , Wu Zhiguang , Lin Xiankun , He Qiang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA catalytic polymer multilayer shell motor has been developed, which effects fast motion‐based separation of charged organics in water. The shell motors are fabricated by sputtering platinum onto the exposed surface of silica templates embedded in Parafilm, followed by layer‐by‐layer assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayers to the templates. The catalytic shell motors display high bubble propulsion with speeds of up to 260 μm s−1 (13 body lengths per second). Moreover, the polyelectrolyte multilayers assembled at high pH (pH>9.0) adsorb approximately 89 % of dye molecules from water, owing to the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged polymers and the anionic dye molecules, and subsequently release them at neutral pH in a microfluidic device. The efficient propulsion coupled with the effective adsorption behavior of the catalytic shell motors in a microfluidic device results in accelerated separation of organics in water and thus holds considerable promise for water analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Peculiar Behavior of (U,Am)O2‐δ Compounds for High Americium Contents Evidenced by XRD, XAS, and Raman Spectroscopy.
Authors: Lebreton Florent , Horlait Denis , Caraballo Richard , Martin Philippe M. , Scheinost Andreas C. , Rossberg Andre , Jegou Christophe , Delahaye Thibaud 
Published: December 2015

AbstractU0.5Am0.5O2.+‐.δ mixed oxides are prepared by the UMACS process comprising the heat treatment of UO2 and AmO2 mixed powders in an Ar/H2/O2 atmosphere (2023 K, 8 h) to achieve an O potential of ‐420 kJ/mol.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence Properties of Novel Emission‐Tunable NaSr(4‐x‐y)Bax (BO3)3:yEu2+ Phosphors for White Light Emitting Diodes.
Authors: Huang Jun , Dai Jian , Deng Degang , Yu Hua , Li Yinqun , Hua Youjie , Zhao Shilong , Li Chenxia , Xu Shiqing 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA series of emission‐tunable NaSr(4‐x‐y)Bax (BO3)3:yEu2+ phosphors are prepared by sintering of stoichiometric amounts of SrCO3, BaCO3, H3BO3, Na2CO3, and Eu2O3 under reducing atmosphere (5% H2/N2, 1000 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Discovery of Self‐Color‐Mixing Phosphors Bi4(1‐x)Si3O12:RE4x3+ (RE3+: Dy3+, Eu3+) for Direct White Light Emission.
Authors: Wei Qinhua , Liu Guanghui , Zhou Zhenzhen , Wan Jieqiong , Wang Jiacheng , Liu Qian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCombinatorial chemistry is employed in the screening of white light emitting phosphors in the system Bi4‐xSi3O12:Lnx (Ln: Pr3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Er3+).