bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Area under the curve during OGTT in first‐degree relatives of diabetic patients as an efficient indicator of future risk of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes
Authors: Feizi Awat , Meamar Rokhsareh , Eslamian Mohammad , Amini Masoud , Nasri Maryam , Iraj Bijan 
Published: August 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo establish whether the area under the curve of an OGTT has a predictive role in identifying prediabetic and diabetic subjects among first‐degree relatives (FDR) of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM).Design, patients and measurementsIn a population‐based cohort study, 766 FDR of diabetic patients with a normal glucose tolerance test (NGT) completed a 2‐hour OGTT. They were followed up for 7 years and classified according to the American Diabetes Association criteria into: NGT, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and DM. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated based on logistic regression. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis along with AUC at different intervals and at time points during the OGTT was used to evaluate the risk of prediabetes and diabetes.ResultsTwenty‐three subjects (3%) developed type 2 DM, 118 (29.3%) IFG, 81 (11.5%) IGT and 544 (71%) subjects remained NGT. AUC and mean difference of glucose in all high‐risk groups demonstrated significant differences in both intervals and time points when compared to the NGT group. The cut‐off values during OGTT to predict prediabetes and diabetes was determined as blood glucose more than 7.2 and 7.8 mmol/L at 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. The time point 60 has the highest predictive role for the development of diabetes, alone, and improved the performance of a prediction model containing multiple important clinical risk factors.ConclusionThe data suggest that the glycaemic response to an OGTT may predict the risk of development of diabetes in first‐degree relatives of DM patients.
Multiobjective approach for detecting communities in heterogeneous networks
Authors: Karimi‐Majd Amir‐Mohsen , Fathian Mohammad 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOnline social networks have a strong potential to be divided into a number of dense substructures, called communities. In such heterogeneous networks, the communities refer not only to dense parts of links but also to clusters present among other dimensions such as users' profiles, comments, and information flows. To find communities in these networks, researchers have developed a number of methods; however, to the best of the authors' knowledge, these methods are limited in taking only 2 dimensions into account, and they are also not able to give a sense of how users behave in their communities. To deal with these issues, this paper proposes a multiobjective optimization model in which a specific objective function has been used for each considered dimension in a given network. Because of the NP‐hardness of the studied problem, an efficient and effective multiobjective metaheuristic algorithm has been developed. By juxtaposing the nondominated solutions obtained, the proposed algorithm can demonstrate how users behave in their communities. To illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, a set of experiments with a comprehensive evaluation method is provided. The results show the superiority and the stability of the proposed algorithm.
Favorable results in ABO‐incompatible renal transplantation without B cell‐targeted therapy: Advantages and disadvantages of rituximab pretreatment
Authors: Okada Manabu , Watarai Yoshihiko , Iwasaki Kenta , Murotani Kenta , Futamura Kenta , Yamamoto Takayuki , Hiramitsu Takahisa , Tsujita Makoto , Goto Norihiko , Narumi Shunji , Takeda Asami , Morozumi Kunio , Uchida Kazuharu , Kobayashi Takaaki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe effectiveness of desensitization with rituximab in ABO‐incompatible renal transplantation (ABO‐I) has been widely reported. However, ABO‐I outcomes are still worse than those of ABO‐identical or ABO‐compatible renal transplantation (ABO‐Id/C). We retrospectively examined the outcomes in consecutive living donor ABO‐Id/C (n = 412) and ABO‐I (n = 205) cases to elucidate the causes of inferiority in ABO‐I. ABO‐I cases included recipients treated with rituximab (RIT, n = 131), splenectomy (SPX, n = 21), or neither because of low anti‐A/B antibody titers (NoR/S, n = 53). Graft survival, infection, and de novo HLA antibody production were compared for ABO‐I and ABO‐Id/C, followed by stratification into RIT and NoR/S groups. Propensity score‐based methods were employed to limit selection bias and potential confounders. Overall graft survival for ABO‐I was significantly lower than that for ABO‐Id/C (92.8% vs 97.2% after 5 years, P = .0037). Graft loss due to infection with ABO‐I was significantly more frequent than that with ABO‐Id/C, whereas acute antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) caused no graft failure in ABO‐I recipients. Stratified analysis demonstrated significantly higher infection risk with RIT than with NoR/S. Safe reduction or avoidance of rituximab in desensitization protocols might contribute to further improvement of ABO‐I outcome.
Individual variation in body color in the field cricket Teleogryllus occipitalis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Nagai Taiki , Kuriwada Takashi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBody color of animals may affect individual fitness through direct effects on various processes, such as predatory avoidance, thermoregulation, UV resistance, and mating behavior. Body color variation of the field cricket Teleogryllus occipitalis (Audinet‐Serville) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) is often observed. We quantified the individual variation in body color of this species by measuring the luminance of hind leg femur. Thereafter, we examined whether the body color was a heritable trait or not using parent–offspring analysis. In addition, the effect of body color of both parents on body size, sex ratio, and survival rate of progeny was investigated. The results showed that maternal body color was not heritable, whereas paternal body color was correlated with the body color of the progeny. Body size and sex ratio were not correlated with body color of parents. Although paternal body color did not affect the survival rate of the progeny beyond the stage of final instar nymph, progeny survival rate significantly increased with darkness of maternal body.
Digital workflow in full‐arch implant rehabilitation with segmented minimally veneered monolithic zirconia fixed dental prostheses: 2‐year clinical follow‐up
Authors: Papaspyridakos Panos , Kang Kiho , DeFuria Catherine , Amin Sarah , Kudara Yukio , Weber Hans‐Peter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo illustrate a digital workflow in full‐arch implant rehabilitation with minimally veneered monolithic zirconia and to report the outcomes including technical complications.Clinical ConsiderationsThree patients (5 edentulous arches) received full‐arch fixed implant rehabilitation with monolithic zirconia and mild facial porcelain veneering involving a digital workflow. The incisal edges and occluding surface areas were milled out of monolithic zirconia to reduce the possibility of chipping. Porcelain veneering was applied on the facial aspect to improve the esthetic result. Outcomes and technical complications are reported after 2 years of clinical and radiographic follow‐up.ConclusionImplant and prosthesis survival rates were 100% after a short‐term follow‐up of 2 years. Technical complications were encountered in one patient. They did not adversely affect prosthesis survival or patient satisfaction and were easily addressed. A digital workflow for the design and fabrication of full‐arch monolithic zirconia implant fixed implant prostheses has benefits, but caution is necessary during CAD planning of the prosthesis to ensure a successful outcome. Long‐term clinical studies are needed to corroborate the findings discussed in this report.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis article presents an integrated digital workflow that was implemented for the implant‐prosthodontic rehabilitation of three edentulous patients with monolithic zirconia prostheses. Monolithic zirconia has been successfully incorporated in implant prosthodontics in an effort to reduce the technical complications associated with bilayered ceramics. This workflow simplifies design and fabrication of the zirconia prostheses. However, caution should be taken during CAD planning of the prosthesis to make sure the zirconia cylinder is sufficiently thick at the interface with the titanium insert. Additionally, when cutback is planned for facial porcelain veneering, the functional occluding cusps and incisal edges should be fabricated in monolithic zirconia to avoid chipping.
Apathy: Risk Factor for Mortality in Nursing Home Patients
Authors: Nijsten Johanna M. H. , Leontjevas Ruslan , Pat‐El Ron , Smalbrugge Martin , Koopmans Raymond T. C. M. , Gerritsen Debby L. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the prognostic value of apathy for mortality in patients of somatic (SC) and dementia special care (DSC) nursing home (NH) units.DesignLongitudinal design, secondary analyses of a 2‐year, cluster‐randomized trial with six measurements, approximately 4 months in between.SettingSC and DSC‐units of Dutch NHs.ParticipantsNH‐patients of seventeen SC‐units (n = 342) and sixteen DCS‐units (n = 371).MeasurementsData were available for 713 NH‐patients, 266 of whom died during the study. Apathy was assessed using the 10‐item Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES‐10) and applied as categorical variable using known cut‐off scores as well as dimensional variable. Additionally, depressive symptoms were assessed using the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia.ResultsMixed effects cox models using the coxme package in R revealed a higher risk of mortality between two measurements, if apathy was present (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.77; 95% confidence interval (CI] = 1.35–2.31, P < .001). Results remained significant (HR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.23–2.19, P < .001) when controlled for depressive symptoms. DSC‐units and SC‐units did not differ (P > .05) in the effect of apathy on mortality. Male gender (HR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.23–2.27, P < .001), and higher age in years (HR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.04–1.08, P < .001) were also predictors of mortality. Regarding apathy as a dimensional construct, one standard deviation increase of AES‐10 scores was associated with a 62% increase of mortality risk (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.40–1.88, P < .001).ConclusionsApathy was associated with mortality over a 4‐month period in NH patients, even when controlling for depression. These data suggest that screening and treatment strategies for apathy should be developed for this patient population.
The medial habenula and interpeduncular nucleus circuitry is critical in addiction, anxiety, and mood regulation
Authors: McLaughlin Ian , Dani John A. , De Biasi Mariella 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAbstinence from chronic use of addictive drugs triggers an aversive withdrawal syndrome that compels relapse and deters abstinence. Many features of this syndrome are common across multiple drugs, involving both affective and physical symptoms. Some of the network signaling underlying withdrawal symptoms overlaps with activity that is associated with aversive mood states, including anxiety and depression. Given these shared features, it is not surprising that a particular circuit, the dorsal diencephalic conduction system, and the medial habenula (MHb) and interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), in particular, have been identified as critical to the emergence of aversive states that arise both as a result and, independently, of drug addiction. As the features of this circuit continue to be characterized, the MHb‐IPN axis is emerging as a viable target for therapeutics to aid in the treatment of addiction to multiple drugs of abuse as well as mood‐associated disorders.This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
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Ascending pathways that mediate cholinergic modulation of lumbar motor activity
Authors: Anglister Lili , Cherniak Meir , Lev‐Tov Aharon 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDeciphering neuronal pathways that reactivate spinal central pattern generators (CPGs) and modulate the activity of spinal motoneurons in mammals in the absence of supraspinal control is important for understanding of neural control of movement and for developing novel therapeutic approaches to improve the mobility of spinal cord injury patients. Previously, we showed that the sacral and lumbar cholinergic system could potently modulate the locomotorCPGs in newborn rodents. Here, we review these and our more recent studies of sacral relay neurons with lumbar projections to the locomotorCPGs and to lumbar motoneurons and demonstrate that sacral and lumbar cholinergic components have the capacity to control the frequency of the locomotorCPGs and at the same time the motor output of the activated lumbar motoneurons during motor behavior. A model describing the suggested ascending sacro‐lumbar connectivity involved in modulation of the locomotor rhythm by sacral cholinergic components is proposed and discussed.This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.image
Combining clinical practice and academic work in nursing: A qualitative study about perceived importance, facilitators and barriers regarding clinical academic careers for nurses in university hospitals
Authors: van Oostveen Catharina J. , Goedhart Nicole S. , Francke Anneke L. , Vermeulen Hester 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo obtain in‐depth insight into the perceptions of nurse academics and other stakeholders regarding the importance, facilitators and barriers for nurses combining clinical and academic work in university hospitals.BackgroundCombining clinical practice and academic work facilitates the use of research findings for high‐quality patient care. However, nurse academics move away from the bedside because clinical academic careers for nurses have not yet been established in the Netherlands.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted in two Dutch university hospitals and their affiliated medical faculties and universities of applied sciences. Data were collected between May 2015 and August 2016. We used purposive sampling for 24 interviews. We asked 14 participants in two focus groups for their perceptions of importance, facilitators and barriers in nurses’ combined clinical and academic work in education and research. We audiotaped, transcribed and thematically analysed the interviews and focus groups.ResultsThree themes related to perceived importance, facilitators and barriers: culture, leadership and infrastructure. These themes represent deficiencies in facilitating clinical academic careers for nurses. The current nursing culture emphasises direct patient care, which is perceived as an academic misfit. Leadership is lacking at all levels, resulting in the underuse of nurse academics and the absence of supporting structures for nurses who combine clinical and academic work.ConclusionsThe present nursing culture appears to be the root cause of the dearth of academic positions and established clinical academic posts.Relevance to clinical practiceA culture change would require a show of leadership that would promote and enable combined research, teaching and clinical practice and that would introduce clinical academic career pathways for nurses. Meanwhile, nurse academics should collaborate with established medical academics for whom combined roles are mainstream, and they should take advantage of their established infrastructure for success.
Individual and mutual predictors of marital satisfaction among prostate cancer patients and their spouses
Authors: Chien Ching‐Hui , Chuang Cheng‐Keng , Liu Kuan‐Lin , Huang Xuan‐Yi , Pang See‐Tong , Wu Chun‐Te , Chang Ying‐Hsu , Liu Hsueh‐Erh 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo determine the individual and mutual predictors of the marital satisfaction of couples in which the husband experienced prostate cancer.BackgroundMarital satisfaction of patients with prostate cancer has been insufficiently studied in Asian countries as compared with Western countries.DesignThis study used a prospective and repeated‐measures design.MethodsSeventy Taiwanese couples in which the husband had prostate cancer completed measures at 6 and 12 months post‐treatment. Assessments of physical symptoms, marital satisfaction, coping behaviour and psychological distress were made. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe marital satisfaction of patients with prostate cancer and that of their spouses were significantly correlated. At 6 months, spouses’ marital satisfaction, patients’ appraisal of prostate cancer as a threat and patients’ serum prostate‐specific antigen levels were found to be the predictors of patients’ marital satisfaction. Furthermore, patients’ marital satisfaction and their spouses’ psychological distress were predictors of spouses’ marital satisfaction. At 12 months, spouses’ marital satisfaction and patients’ appraisal of prostate cancer as harm were predictors of patients’ marital satisfaction. Finally, spouses’ marital satisfaction (at 6 months) and appraisal of prostate cancer as a threat were predictors of spouses’ marital satisfaction.ConclusionsAt 6 months post‐treatment, patients’ and spouses’ marital satisfaction will influence each other. However, at 12 months, patients’ marital satisfaction exerts an insignificant effect on spouses’ marital satisfaction. Moreover, patients’ serum prostate‐specific antigen level or the negative appraisal of prostate cancer affects their marital satisfaction. Spouses’ marital satisfaction is affected by psychological distress and their negative appraisal of prostate cancer.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results can be used to develop interventions for prostate cancer couples. Such an intervention can be used to modify couples’ appraisal of prostate cancer by changing incorrect thinking or to ease the psychological distress to improve marital satisfaction.
The intersection of culture in the provision of dementia care: A systematic review
Authors: Brooke Joanne , Cronin Camille , Stiell Marlon , Ojo Omorogieva 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo understand the intersection of healthcare professionals’ and care workers’ culture and their provision of person‐centred care for people with dementia.BackgroundDue to the nature of global immigration and recruitment strategies, health care is provided by a culturally diverse workforce. Consequently, there is a need to understand healthcare professionals’ and care workers’ cultural values of illness, disease and dementia. Cultural values and beliefs regarding dementia and care of the older person differ, and currently, there is a lack of clarity regarding the intersection of culture in the provision of person‐centred dementia care.MethodA search of the following databases was completed: Medline, CINAHL, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, PsycINFO and PubMed for papers published from 1st January 2006 to 31st July 2016.ResultsA total of seven qualitative studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, all explored the impact of healthcare professionals’ and care workers’ culture in relation to their provision of person‐centred dementia care. A meta‐synthesis of the data from these studies identified four themes: cultural perceptions of dementia, illness and older people; impact of cultural perceptions on service use; acculturation of the workforce; and cross‐cultural communication.ConclusionLimited evidence was found on the impact of healthcare professionals’ and care workers’ culture on their provision of person‐centred dementia care. The intersection of culture and dementia included the understanding of dementia, care and family roles. Acculturation of migrant healthcare workers to the culture of the host country, workplace, and support with the communication was identified as necessary for the provision of person‐centred dementia care.Relevance to clinical practiceOpen access education and training to support communication is required, alongside the development of robust interventions to support the process of acculturation of migrant healthcare professionals and care workers to provide culturally competent person‐centred dementia care.
Mental health work in school health services and school nurses’ involvement and attitudes, in a Norwegian context
Authors: Skundberg‐Kletthagen Hege , Moen Øyfrid Larsen 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore school nurses’ experiences with and attitudes towards working with young people with mental health problem in the school health services.BackgroundWorldwide, 10%–20% of children and adolescents are affected by mental health problems. When these occur during youth, they constitute a considerable burden and are one of the main causes of disability among adolescents. School nurses are at the forefront of care for children and adolescents, identifying pupils struggling with physical, mental, psychosocial or emotional issues.DesignA qualitative, explorative study was performed based on open‐ended questions in a cross‐sectional study of 284 school nurses in Norway. Inclusion criteria were as follows: working as a school nurse in the school health services with children and adolescents between the ages of 11–18 years. A qualitative inductive content analysis was conducted.ResultsThree generic categories emerged: perception of their role and experiences with mental health: the school nurses acknowledge their important role in work with adolescents focusing on their mental health. Perception of their professional competence: the school nurses described a lack of confidence and unmet training needs concerning mental health problems. Experiences with collaboration: the school nurses requested more knowledge about inter‐ and multidisciplinary cooperation regarding follow‐up of pupils with mental health problems.ConclusionsThe school nurses lacked knowledge and confidence in respect of working with children and adolescents suffering from mental health problems. This may be a barrier to giving pupils adequate aid.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses need to acquire more knowledge about mental health problems among children and adolescents as this is a growing public health issue. Educational programmes for school nurses need to be revised to achieve this.