bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evacuation and Sheltering of Hospitals in Emergencies: A Review of International Experience
Authors: Bagaria Jayshree , Heggie Caroline , Abrahams Jonathan , Murray Virginia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjective:A scoping exercise to establish how common hospital evacuations are, identify hospital evacuation policies and review case studies to identify trig-gers, processes and challenges involved in the evacuation of hospitals globally.Design:A systematic search of PubMed and disaster agency online resources, search of grey literature and media reports.Results:This study showed that hospitals are vulnerable to both natural and man made disasters and that hospital evacuations do occur globally. It highlighted the paucity of published data and policy on hospital evacuation and emphasised the vital need to collect data on triggers, reasons for evacuation, sheltering facilities and the process of evacuation.Conclusions:This study recommends the collection of case studies and the development of a database to assist with the research and development of well tailored hospital evacuation plans. These recommendations reflect and support the 2008-2009 World Disaster Reduction Campaign on Hospitals Safe from Disasters and the timely 2009 Global Platform priority that, ‘Critical services and infrastructure such as health facilities and schools must be safe from disasters.
Disaster Relief and Recovery after a Landslide at a Small, Rural Hospital in Guatemala
Authors: Peltan Ithan D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroduction:Though many reports have assessed hospital emergency responses during a disaster that affected the facility's operations, relatively little work has been dedicated to identifying factors that aid or impede the recovery of such hospitals.Problem:On 05 October 2005, Hurricane Stan triggered landslides that buried an impoverished Mayan community in Santiago Atitlán, Guatemala. The six-bed Hospitalito Atitlán also was in the landslide's path. Though opened just months earlier, the institution maintained 24-hour services until reopening in a new facility only 15 days after the landslides.Methods:This qualitative study examined the Hospitalito Atitlán's disaster recovery using unstructured interviews with key hospital personnel and community members. Participant observation provided information about institutional and cultural dynamics affecting the hospital's recovery. Data were collected retrospectively during June–September 2006 and June 2007.Results:The Hospitalito's emergency responses and recovery were distinct endeavors that nonetheless overlapped in time. The initial 12 hours of disorganized emergency relief work was quickly succeeded by an organized effort by the institution to provide inpatient and clinic-based care to the few severely injured and many worried-well patients. As international aid started arriving 2–3 days post-landslide, the Hospitalito's 24-hour clinical services made it an integral organization in the comprehensive health response. Meanwhile, a subset of the Hospitalito's non-clinical staff initiated rebuilding efforts by Day 2 after the event, joined later by medical staff as outside aid allowed them to handoff clinical duties. Effective use of the Internet and conventional media promoted donations of money and supplies, which provided the raw materials used by a group determined to reopen their hospital.Conclusions:Early work by a recovery-focused team coupled with a shared understanding of the Hospitalito as an institution that transcended its damaged building drove the hospital's rapid post-emergency revival. Encouraging a similar sense of mission, emulating the Hospitalito's handling of funding and material procurement, and conducting rebuilding and relief efforts in parallel may aid recovery at other health facilities.
Polypeptide formation on polar mineral surfaces: possibility of complete chirality
Authors: Schrader Malcolm E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the present work, it is shown that thermodynamically feasible polymerization of cyanomethanol, which can be formed from formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide, can lead to synthesis of polypeptides as well as to the previously reported synthesis of RNA. If the polymerization takes place on a one-dimensional feature of a mineral, such as for example a crack on its surface, the concept of quasi-chirality is introduced to describe the adsorbed polypeptide. This, in principle, would lead to formation of proteins that are completely homochiral in their alpha carbon groups. The concept of quasi-chirality can also be introduced in the condensation of glycine under similar conditions to form a polypeptide. This again leads to proteins completely chiral in their alpha carbon groups.
The Influence of Leadership Style on Subordinates’ Attachment to the Leader
Authors: Molero Fernando , Moriano Juan A. , Shaver Phillip R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aim of this research is to explore the extent to which employees establish attachment bonds with their leaders and the effects these bonds have on organizational outcomes. A sample of 225 participants reported on their supervisor’s leadership style (transformational, transactional, or passive-avoidant), their attachment bonds to this supervisor (anxious or avoidant), and four organizational variables (subordinate’s satisfaction, identification with the organization, extra effort, and perceived leadership effectiveness). Results, analyzed using a Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach, indicated that (a) transformational leadership was negatively associated with employees’ insecure (anxious or avoidant) attachment to their leader; (b) passive/avoidant leadership was positively associated with subordinates’ insecure attachment to their leader; (c) transactional leadership was positively associated with employee’s anxious attachment but not with their avoidant attachment; (d) avoidant, but not anxious, attachment to the leader was negatively associated with employee satisfaction, perceived leader effectiveness, employee’s extra effort, and organizational identification.
Correlation of Changes in the Employment Costs and Average Task Load	With Rates of Accidents Attributed to Human Error
Authors: Karanikas Nektarios 
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Market competition and global financial uncertainty have been the principal drivers that impel aviation companies to proceed to budget cuts, including decreases in salary and work force levels, in order to ensure viability and sustainability. Under the concepts of Maslow and Herzberg’s motivation theories, the current paper unfolds the influence of employment cost fluctuations on an aviation organization’s accidents attributed to human error. This study exploited financial and accident data over a period of 13 years, and explored whether rates of accidents attributed to human errors of flight, maintenance, and ramp crews, correlate with the average employment expenditures (N = 13). In addition, the study took into account the relationship between average task load (ratio of flying hours per employee) and accident rates related to human error since task load, as part of total workload, is a constraint of modern complex systems. The results revealed strong correlations among accident rates linked to human error with the average employment costs and task load. The use of more specific data per aviation organizational department and professional group may further validate the results of this study. Organizations that seek to explore the association between human error and employment budget and task load might appropriately adapt the approach proposed.
Integrative genomic mining for enzyme function to enable engineering of a non-natural biosynthetic pathway
Authors: Mak Wai Shun , Tran Stephen , Marcheschi Ryan , Bertolani Steve , Thompson James , Baker David , Liao James C. , Siegel Justin B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe ability to biosynthetically produce chemicals beyond what is commonly found in Nature requires the discovery of novel enzyme function. Here we utilize two approaches to discover enzymes that enable specific production of longer-chain (C5–C8) alcohols from sugar. The first approach combines bioinformatics and molecular modelling to mine sequence databases, resulting in a diverse panel of enzymes capable of catalysing the targeted reaction. The median catalytic efficiency of the computationally selected enzymes is 75-fold greater than a panel of naively selected homologues. This integrative genomic mining approach establishes a unique avenue for enzyme function discovery in the rapidly expanding sequence databases. The second approach uses computational enzyme design to reprogramme specificity. Both approaches result in enzymes with >100-fold increase in specificity for the targeted reaction. When enzymes from either approach are integrated in vivo, longer-chain alcohol production increases over 10-fold and represents >95% of the total alcohol products.
Three-dimensional magnetic cloak working from d.c. to 250 kHz
Authors: Zhu Jianfei , Jiang Wei , Liu Yichao , Yin Ge , Yuan Jun , He Sailing , Ma Yungui 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInvisible cloaking is one of the major outcomes of the metamaterial research, but the practical potential, in particular for high frequencies (for example, microwave to visible light), is fatally challenged by the complex material properties they usually demand. On the other hand, it will be advantageous and also technologically instrumental to design cloaking devices for applications at low frequencies where electromagnetic components are favourably uncoupled. In this work, we vastly develop the bilayer approach to create a three-dimensional magnetic cloak able to work in both static and dynamic fields. Under the quasi-static approximation, we demonstrate a perfect magnetic cloaking device with a large frequency band from 0 to 250 kHz. The practical potential of our device is experimentally verified by using a commercial metal detector, which may lead us to having a real cloaking application where the dynamic magnetic field can be manipulated in desired ways.
Searching for new ferroelectrics and multiferroics: A user’s point of view
Authors: Scott J F 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA perspective on computational studies of ferroelectrics and multiferroics is given that emphasises what has yet to be done, along with some subtleties in previously studied systems. Beginning with the extensive data-mining studies of Abrahams and more recently, Rabe, a survey is given of magnetostrictive effects in antiferromagnetic antiferroelectrics (after Toledano and Toledano), which has an nonmagnetic analogy in the antiferroelectric phase of tris-sarcosine calcium chloride and a reminder of the unusual spin–phonon coupling of Holden et al. in systems such as KCoF3 and EuTiO3. Attention is also paid to field-temperature phase diagrams, finite non-periodic boundary conditions, and processing-dependent structures.
Replicating the benefits of Deutschian closed timelike curves without breaking causality
Authors: Yuan Xiao , Assad Syed M , Thompson Jayne , Haw Jing Yan , Vedral Vlatko , Ralph Timothy C , Lam Ping Koy , Weedbrook Christian , Gu Mile 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn general relativity, closed timelike curves can break causality with remarkable and unsettling consequences. At the classical level, they induce causal paradoxes disturbing enough to motivate conjectures that explicitly prevent their existence. At the quantum level such problems can be resolved through the Deutschian formalism, however this induces radical benefits—from cloning unknown quantum states to solving problems intractable to quantum computers. Instinctively, one expects these benefits to vanish if causality is respected. Here we show that in harnessing entanglement, we can efficiently solve NP-complete problems and clone arbitrary quantum states—even when all time-travelling systems are completely isolated from the past. Thus, the many defining benefits of Deutschian closed timelike curves can still be harnessed, even when causality is preserved. Our results unveil a subtle interplay between entanglement and general relativity, and significantly improve the potential of probing the radical effects that may exist at the interface between relativity and quantum theory.
Outbreak of coral-eating Crown-of-Thorns creates continuous cloud of larvae over 320 km of the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Uthicke S. , Doyle J. , Duggan S. , Yasuda N. , McKinnon A. D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCoral reefs are in decline worldwide due to a combination of local and global causes. Over 40% of the recent coral loss on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR) has been attributed to outbreaks of the coral-eating Crown-of-Thorns Seastar (CoTS). Testing of the hypotheses explaining these outbreaks is hampered by an inability to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of larvae because they resemble other planktotrophic echinoderm larvae. We developed a genetic marker and tested it on 48 plankton samples collected during the 2014 spawning season in the northern GBR and verified the method by PCR amplification of single larva. Surprisingly, most samples collected contained CoTS larvae. Larvae were detected 100 km south of current outbreaks of adult seastars, highlighting the potential for rapid expansion of the outbreak. A minimum estimate suggested that larvae numbers in the outbreak area (>1010) are about 4 orders of magnitude higher than adults (~106) in the same area, implying that attempts to halt outbreaks by removing adults may be futile.
Expanding the scope of Metal-Free enantioselective allylic substitutions: Anthrones
Authors: Ceban Victor , Tauchman Jiří , Meazza Marta , Gallagher Greg , Light Mark E. , Gergelitsová Ivana , Veselý Jan , Rios Ramon 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe highly enantioselective asymmetric allylic alkylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with anthrones is presented. The reaction is simply catalyzed by cinchona alkaloid derivatives affording the final alkylated products in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
Evidence of discrete yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) populations demands rethink of management for this globally important resource
Authors: Grewe P. M. , Feutry P. , Hill P. L. , Gunasekera R. M. , Schaefer K. M. , Itano D. G. , Fuller D. W. , Foster S. D. , Davies C. R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTropical tuna fisheries are central to food security and economic development of many regions of the world. Contemporary population assessment and management generally assume these fisheries exploit a single mixed spawning population, within ocean basins. To date population genetics has lacked the required power to conclusively test this assumption. Here we demonstrate heterogeneous population structure among yellowfin tuna sampled at three locations across the Pacific Ocean (western, central and eastern) via analysis of double digest restriction-site associated DNA using Next Generation Sequencing technology. The differences among locations are such that individuals sampled from one of the three regions examined can be assigned with close to 100% accuracy demonstrating the power of this approach for providing practical markers for fishery independent verification of catch provenance in a way not achieved by previous techniques. Given these results, an extended pan-tropical survey of yellowfin tuna using this approach will not only help combat the largest threat to sustainable fisheries (i.e. illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing) but will also provide a basis to transform current monitoring, assessment and management approaches for this globally significant species.
Novel Mode of Defective Neural Tube Closure in the Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mouse Strain
Authors: Salbaum J. Michael , Kruger Claudia , MacGowan Jacalyn , Herion Nils J. , Burk David , Kappen Claudia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFailure to close the neural tube results in birth defects, with severity ranging from spina bifida to lethal anencephaly. Few genetic risk factors for neural tube defects are known in humans, highlighting the critical role of environmental risk factors, such as maternal diabetes. Yet, it is not well understood how altered maternal metabolism interferes with embryonic development and with neurulation in particular. We present evidence from two independent mouse models of diabetic pregnancy that identifies impaired migration of nascent mesodermal cells in the primitive streak as the morphogenetic basis underlying the pathogenesis of neural tube defects. We conclude that perturbed gastrulation not only explains the neurulation defects, but also provides a unifying etiology for the broad spectrum of congenital malformations in diabetic pregnancies.
Value of TIRADS, BSRTC and FNA-BRAFV600E mutation analysis in differentiating high-risk thyroid nodules
Authors: Zhang Yu-zhi , Xu Ting , Cui Dai , Li Xiao , Yao Qing , Gong Hai-yan , Liu Xiao-yun , Chen Huan-huan , Jiang Lin , Ye Xin-hua , Zhang Zhi-hong , Shen Mei-ping , Duan Yu , Yang Tao , Wu Xiao-hong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) and Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (BSRTC) have been used for interpretation of ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) results of thyroid nodules. BRAFV600Emutation analysis is a molecular tool in diagnosing thyroid carcinoma. Our objective was to compare the diagnostic value of these methods in differentiating high-risk thyroid nodules. Total 220 patients with high-risk thyroid nodules were recruited in this prospective study. They all underwent ultrasound, FNAC and BRAFV600Emutation analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of TIRADS were 73.1% and 88.4%. BSRTC had higher specificity (97.7%) and similar sensitivity (77.6%) compared with TIRADS. The sensitivity and specificity of BRAFV600Emutation (85.1%, 100%) were the highest. The combination of BSRTC and BRAFV600Emutation analysis significantly increased the efficiency, with 97.8% sensitivity, 97.7% specificity. In patients with BSRTC I-III, the mutation rate of BRAFV600Ewas 64.5% in nodules with TIRADS 4B compared with 8.4% in nodules with TIRADS 3 or 4A (P < 0.001). Our study indicated that combination of BSRTC and BRAFV600Emutation analysis bears a great value in differentiating high-risk thyroid nodules. The TIRADS is useful in selecting high-risk patients for FNAB and patients with BSRTC I-III for BRAFV600Emutation analysis.
Reduction of phase noise in nanowire spin orbit torque oscillators
Authors: Yang Liu , Verba Roman , Tiberkevich Vasil , Schneider Tobias , Smith Andrew , Duan Zheng , Youngblood Brian , Lenz Kilian , Lindner Jürgen , Slavin Andrei N. , Krivorotov Ilya N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSpin torque oscillators (STOs) are compact, tunable sources of microwave radiation that serve as a test bed for studies of nonlinear magnetization dynamics at the nanometer length scale. The spin torque in an STO can be created by spin-orbit interaction, but low spectral purity of the microwave signals generated by spin orbit torque oscillators hinders practical applications of these magnetic nanodevices. Here we demonstrate a method for decreasing the phase noise of spin orbit torque oscillators based on Pt/Ni80Fe20 nanowires. We experimentally demonstrate that tapering of the nanowire, which serves as the STO active region, significantly decreases the spectral linewidth of the generated signal. We explain the observed linewidth narrowing in the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau auto-oscillator model. The model reveals that spatial non-uniformity of the spin current density in the tapered nanowire geometry hinders the excitation of higher order spin-wave modes, thus stabilizing the single-mode generation regime. This non-uniformity also generates a restoring force acting on the excited self-oscillatory mode, which reduces thermal fluctuations of the mode spatial position along the wire. Both these effects improve the STO spectral purity.
Assessing the impact of removal scenarios on population viability of a threatened, long-lived avian scavenger
Authors: Margalida Antoni , Colomer Mª Àngels , Oro Daniel , Arlettaz Raphaël , Donázar José A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe removal of eggs or chicks from wild populations to create captive populations, reinforce free-ranging populations or reintroduce species into the wild is a restoration tool that requires an assessment of potential detrimental effects upon the donor population. This is an absolute prerequisite when wild donor populations are scarce and small. Here, we forecast the population trend of the largest European population of the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) over the next 30 years under different demographic and management scenarios (removal of eggs, chicks or fledglings). Projections derived from the combination of a PDP model (Population Dynamic P-system) and a Box-Behnken design would lead to a decline in 77% of all 57 scenarios analysed. Among the 13 scenarios predicting a population increase, only 4 seem realistic in terms of growth rate (0.04%–1.01%), at least if current age at first breeding and productivity would remain constant over time. Our simulations thus suggest that most extraction scenarios would have detrimental effects on the demography of the donor population. Release of captive-born young or removal of only the second hatched chick for subsequent captive rearing and translocation into the wild appear to represent much better supplementation and reintroduction options in this threatened species.
EZH2 is highly expressed in pituitary adenomas and associated with proliferation
Authors: Schult David , Hölsken Annett , Siegel Sonja , Buchfelder Michael , Fahlbusch Rudolf , Kreitschmann-Andermahr Ilonka , Buslei Rolf 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEnhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a core epigenetic regulator, playing a crucial role in cell cycle regulation. The protein is known to be associated with proliferation and worse outcome in several tumor entities. In this study, we immunohistochemically investigated the expression pattern of EZH2 in a large cohort of pituitary tumors. These results were correlated with clinical features and double immunofluorescence stainings (DIS) were conducted to evaluate co-expression of EZH2 and proliferation marker Ki-67. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of EZH2 inhibition on cell proliferation in vitro using the pituitary cell line AtT-20. While in the normal anterior pituitary EZH2 was almost absent, the cohort of tumors showed enhanced expression levels (p ≤ 0.0005). This was positively associated with Ki-67 indices (r = 0.834, p ≤ 0.0005) and DIF confirmed a predominant co-expression of both markers. In vitro experiments revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease of tumor cell proliferation using the EZH2 inhibitor GSK126. Our results further support that epigenetic events are involved in the pathogenesis and biology of pituitary adenomas (PA). Therefore, EZH2 may function as a new potential target for therapeutic interventions in PA.