bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field efficacy of urease inhibitors for mitigation of ammonia emissions in agricultural field settings: a systematic review
Authors: Matse Dumsane Themba , Krol Dominika J. , Richards Karl G. , Danaher Martin , Cummins Enda , Wang Xin , Forrestal Patrick J. 
Published: September 2024

Globally, ammonia (NH3) is one of the key air pollutants and reducing NH3 emissions and the associated indirect emission of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide remains challenging for the agricultural sector. During the past three decades, a number of urease inhibitors have been placed on the market with the goal of reducing NH3 loss from urea containing fertilisers. N–(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), N–(2-nitrophenyl) phosphoric triamide (2-NPT), a 3:1 ratio of NBPT + N-(n-propyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NPPT) and the maleic and itaconic acid co-polymer (MIP) are registered urease inhibitors under the European Commission Fertilising Products Regulation (FPR). However, the availability of several inhibitor options has raised questions from farmers, policymakers and emissions inventory compiling authorities regarding the field efficacy of the different options available for reducing NH3 loss. Despite many disparate NH3 field studies existing for NBPT, 2-NPT, NBPT + NPPT and MIP there is presently no review that brings these results together, a significant and important knowledge gap. This review addresses the gap by summarising the published field trial literature on NH3 volatilisation mitigation offered by NBPT, 2-NPT, NBPT + NPPT and MIP. Our review identified 48 peer reviewed studies where NH3 loss mitigation was measured in a field setting, giving 256 replicated comparisons. The synthesised literature results revealed that NBPT + NPPT reduced NH3 loss by 75% (95% CI = 58–82% n = 32), 2-NPT reduced NH3 loss by 70% (95% CI = 63–76% n = 19) and NBPT reduced NH3 loss by 61% (95% CI = 57–64% n = 165), giving on average a 69% reduction by these three urease inhibitors. In contrast, MIP increased NH3 loss by 0.3% on average (95% CI = −8–9% n = 40). The results presented in this review broaden the understanding of urease inhibitor efficacy in field conditions and demonstrate that not all products behave the same in terms of field NH3 reduction efficacy. This review is important for farmers, policymakers, emission inventory compilers and other stakeholders.
Screening for early Alzheimer’s disease: enhancing diagnosis with linguistic features and biomarkers
Authors: Chou Chia-Ju , Chang Chih-Ting , Chang Ya-Ning , Lee Chia-Ying , Chuang Yi-Fang , Chiu Yen-Ling , Liang Wan-Lin , Fan Yu-Ming , Liu Yi-Chien 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionResearch has shown that speech analysis demonstrates sensitivity in detecting early Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the relation between linguistic features and cognitive tests or biomarkers remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate how linguistic features help identify cognitive impairments in patients in the early stages of AD.MethodThis study analyzed connected speech from 80 participants and categorized the participants into early-AD and normal control (NC) groups. The participants underwent amyloid-β positron emission tomography scans, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and comprehensive neuropsychological testing. Participants’ speech data from a picture description task were examined. A total of 15 linguistic features were analyzed to classify groups and predict cognitive performance.ResultsWe found notable linguistic differences between the early-AD and NC groups in lexical diversity, syntactic complexity, and language disfluency. Using machine learning classifiers (SVM, KNN, and RF), we achieved up to 88% accuracy in distinguishing early-AD patients from normal controls, with mean length of utterance (MLU) and long pauses ratio (LPR) serving as core linguistic indicators. Moreover, the integration of linguistic indicators with biomarkers significantly improved predictive accuracy for AD. Regression analysis also highlighted crucial linguistic features, such as MLU, LPR, Type-to-Token ratio (TTR), and passive construction ratio (PCR), which were sensitive to changes in cognitive function.ConclusionFindings support the efficacy of linguistic analysis as a screening tool for the early detection of AD and the assessment of subtle cognitive decline. Integrating linguistic features with biomarkers significantly improved diagnostic accuracy.
Hierarchical neural processing in γ oscillations for syntactic and semantic operations accounts for first- and second-language epistemology
Authors: Dekydtspotter Laurent , Miller A. Kate , Swanson Kyle , Cha Jih-Ho , Xiong Yanyu , Ahn Jae-Hyun , Gilbert Jane A. , Pope Decker , Iverson Mike , Meinert Kent 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionWe discuss event-related power differences (ERPDs) in low- and broadband-γ oscillations as the embedded-clause edge is processed in wh-dependencies such as Which decision regarding/about him/her did Paul say that Lydie rejected without hesitation? in first (L1) and second language (L2) French speakers.MethodsThe experimental conditions manipulated whether pronouns appeared in modifiers (Mods; regarding him/her) or in noun complements (Comps; about him/her) and whether they matched or mismatched a matrix-clause subject in gender.ResultsAcross L1 and L2 speakers, we found that anaphora-linked ERPDs for Mods vs. Comps in evoked power first arose in low γ and then in broadband γ. Referential elements first seem to be retrieved from working memory by narrowband processes in low γ and then referential identification seems to be computed in broadband-γ output. Interactions between discourse- and syntax-based referential processes for the Mods vs. Comps in these ERPDs furthermore suggest that multidomain γ-band processing enables a range of elementary operations for discourse and semantic interpretation.DiscussionWe argue that a multidomain mechanism enabling operations conditioned by the syntactic and semantic nature of the elements processed interacts with local brain microcircuits representing features and feature sets that have been established in L1 or L2 acquisition, accounting for a single language epistemology across learning contexts.
Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity as a neuroimaging biomarker in first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Xu Man , Xue Kangkang , Song Xueqin , Zhang Yong , Cheng Jingliang , Cheng Junying 
Published: September 2024

Background and objectivePeak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), a fully automated diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) biomarker of white matter (WM) microstructure damage, has been shown to be associated with cognition in various WM pathologies. However, its application in schizophrenic disease remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate PSMD along with other DTI markers in first-episode schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls (HCs), and explore the correlations between these metrics and clinical characteristics.MethodsA total of 56 first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia patients and 64 HCs were recruited for this study. Participants underwent structural imaging and DTI, followed by comprehensive clinical assessments, including the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for patients and cognitive function tests for all participants. We calculated PSMD, peak width of skeletonized fractional anisotropy (PSFA), axial diffusivity (PSAD), radial diffusivity (PSRD) values, skeletonized average mean diffusivity (MD), average fractional anisotropy (FA), average axial diffusivity (AD), and average radial diffusivity (RD) values as well as structural network global topological parameters, and examined between-group differences in these WM metrics. Furthermore, we investigated associations between abnormal metrics and clinical characteristics.ResultsCompared to HCs, patients exhibited significantly increased PSMD values (t = 2.467, p = 0.015), decreased global efficiency (Z = −2.188, p = 0.029), and increased normalized characteristic path length (lambda) (t = 2.270, p = 0.025). No significant differences were observed between the groups in the remaining metrics, including PSFA, PSAD, PSRD, average MD, FA, AD, RD, local efficiency, normalized cluster coefficient, small-worldness, assortativity, modularity, or hierarchy (p &gt; 0.05). After adjusting for relevant variables, both PSMD and lambda values exhibited a significant negative correlation with reasoning and problem-solving scores (PSMD: r = −0.409, p = 0.038; lambda: r = −0.520, p = 0.006). No statistically significant correlations were observed between each PANSS score and the aforementioned metrics in the patient group (p &gt; 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that increased PSMD (β = −0.426, t = −2.260, p = 0.034) and increased lambda (β = −0.490, t = −2.994, p = 0.007) were independently associated with decreased reasoning and problem-solving scores respectively (Radj2 = 0.295, F = 2.951, p = 0.029). But these significant correlations did not withstand FDR correction (p_FDR &gt; 0.05).ConclusionPSMD can be considered as a valuable neuroimaging biomarker that complements conventional diffusion measurements for investigating abnormalities in WM microstructural integrity and cognitive functions in schizophrenia.
How to optimize the CAR-T Cell therapy process? A group concept mapping analysis of preconditions for a frictionless process from a German multistakeholder perspective
Authors: Siefen Ann-Cathrine , Kurte Melina Sophie , Jakobs Florian , Teichert Marcel , von Tresckow Bastian , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Holtick Udo , Atta Johannes , Jehn Christian , Sala Elisa , Warnecke Anke , Hänel Mathias , Scheid Christof , Kron Florian 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionTreatment with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells involves a large number of interdisciplinary stakeholders and is associated with complex processes ranging from patient-specific production to follow-up care. Due to the complexity, maximum process optimization is required in order to avoid efficiency losses. This study aimed at systematically determining the preconditions for a frictionless flow of the CAR-T process by surveying the stakeholders involved.MethodsA Group Concept Mapping (GCM) analysis, a mixed-methods participatory research, was conducted. CAR-T experts from different professional backgrounds went through three steps: 1) Brainstorming relevant aspects (statements) for a frictionless process, 2) Sorting the collected statements based on their similarity, and 3) Rating the importance and feasibility of each statement. A cluster map reflecting the overarching topics was derived, and mean ratings per statement and cluster were calculated.ResultsOverall, 20 CAR-T experts participated. A total of 80 statements were collected, resulting in a map of the following 10 clusters (mean importance/feasibility): Information for patients and physicians (4.16/3.77), Supportive network (4.03/3.53), Eligibility of patients (4.41/3.63), Evidence, transparency and communication (4.01/3.33), Paperwork (4.1/2.52), Interface with pharmaceutical manufacturer (4.03/2.85), Reimbursement (4.29/2.31), Quality Management (4.17/3.18), Infrastructure of CAR-T clinics (4.1/2.93), and Patient-oriented processes (4.46/3.32).DiscussionThe 80 statements underlined the complex and manifold nature of the CAR-T treatment process. Our results reflect the first step in overcoming hurdles: identifying potential hurdles and required preconditions. Decision-makers and stakeholders can use the results to derive strategies and measures to further promote a frictionless process.
Isoalantolactone: a review on its pharmacological effects
Authors: Yang Guang , Yang Longfei , Xu Fei 
Published: September 2024

Isoalantolactone (ISA) is a sesquiterpene lactone that could be isolated from Inula helenium as well as many other herbal plants belonging to Asteraceae. Over the past 2 decades, lots of researches have been made on ISA, which owns multiple pharmacological effects, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antidepressant-like activity, as well as others. The anticancer effects of ISA involve proliferation inhibition, ROS overproduction, apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Through inhibiting NF-κB signaling, ISA exerts its anti-inflammatory effects which are involved in the neuroprotection of ISA. This review hackled the reported pharmacological effects of ISA and associated mechanisms, providing an update on understanding its potential in drug development.
Respiratory responses and isocapnic buffering phase in child and youth soccer players during an incremental exercise test
Authors: Korkmaz Eryılmaz Selcen , Karakaş Selçuk , Boyraz Cumhur , Günaştı Özgür , Kılcı Abdullah , Özdemir Çiğdem , Özgünen Kerem , Koç Muhammed , Adaş Ümit , Kurdak Sadi 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThis study investigated the respiratory response and isocapnic buffering (IB) phase during an incremental exercise test to exhaustion in 16 child soccer players (11.9±0.9 years) and 18 youth soccer players (18.2±2.9 years).MethodsThe IB phase was calculated as the difference in oxygen uptake (VO2) between the respiratory compensation point (RCP) and metabolic threshold (MT) and expressed in either absolute or relative values.ResultsThe maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was higher in youth players than in child players. For youth players, VO2max was measured at 55.9 ± 3.6 mL min−1 kg−1 and 74.9 ± 4.8 mL min−1 kg−0.75, while for child players, VO2max was 50.8 ± 4.1 mL min−1 kg−1 and 67.2 ± 6.1 mL min−1 kg−0.75 (p &lt; 0.001). MT and RCP occurred at 69.8 ± 6.7% and 90.9 ± 6.9% of VO2max in child players and at 73.9 ± 5.1% and 91.5 ± 4.5% of VO2max in youth players, respectively. The two groups had no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05). Absolute IB (10.6 ± 2.8 vs 9.7 ± 3.1 mL min−1 kg−1), relative IB (23.1 ± 5.7 vs 19.1 ± 6.1), and the ratio of RCP VO2 to MT VO2 (1.3 ± 0.09 vs 1.24 ± 0.09) were similar in child and youth players (p &gt; 0.05). There was no difference in minute ventilation (V̇E, mL min−1 kg−1) and respiratory exchange ratio during exercise between the two groups (p &gt; 0.05). During exercise, respiratory frequency, ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) and oxygen (VE/VO2), VE/VCO2 slope, end-tidal O2 pressure were higher in child players than in youth players, while tidal volume (L kg−1), O2 pulse, and end-tidal CO2 pressure were lower (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionDespite differences in aerobic capacity and ventilatory response to exercise, child players showed similar IB phase as youth players. Although child players have lower ventilation efficiency than youth players, the higher ventilation response for a given VCO2 may provide an advantage in regulating acid-base balance during intense exercise.
Gender differences in skilled performance under failure competitive environments: evidence from elite archers
Authors: Li Chunhua , Zhao Yangqing 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionPsychologists are particularly interested in how people operate in stressful settings. The sporting arena is a “natural laboratory” for studying how people behave and perform in high-pressure situations. This study explores the gender differences in archers’ ability to cope with adversity, highlighting the significant cold-hand effect observed in both male and female archers, with notable differences in the last arrow performance under pressure.MethodsOur method is a Poisson general linear model -based test for the cold hand that examines how the performance of the last arrow per set depends on the performance of the previous two shots. We also interact the player’s gender with performance on the previous two arrows and game status to test for gender differences in response to past performance and intermediate game status.ResultsThe Poisson regression analysis reveals that male and female archers’ performance dropped significantly after experiencing two consecutive missing bullseyes, which means a cold-hand effect exists. However, although there was no significant difference in the performance of male and female archers on the third arrow, female archers have significantly lower last arrow per set scores than male archers after near poor performance or being in a situation where losing can only be avoided by winning the current set.DiscussionThis finding suggests that female archers are more vulnerable to the potentially negative effects of adversity caused by trailing or recent failures than their male counterparts. We attempt to explain the reasons behind the results above from both psychological and physiological perspectives.
Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity of hippocampal subregions in type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated cognitive decline
Authors: Yao Lin , Li Meng-Yuan , Wang Kang-Cheng , Liu Yan-Ze , Zheng Hai-Zhu , Zhong Zhen , Ma Shi-Qi , Yang Hong-Mei , Sun Meng-Meng , He Min , Huang Hai-Peng , Wang Hong-Feng 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over time predisposes to inflammatory responses and abnormalities in functional brain networks that damage learning, memory, or executive function. The hippocampus is a key region often reporting connectivity abnormalities in memory disorders. Here, we investigated peripheral inflammatory responses and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) changes characterized of hippocampal subregions in type 2 diabetes-associated cognitive decline (T2DACD).MethodsThe study included 16 patients with T2DM, 16 patients with T2DACD and 25 healthy controls (HCs). Subjects were assessed for cognitive performance, tested for the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in peripheral serum, underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, and analyzed for RSFC using the hippocampal subregions as seeds. We also calculated the correlation between cognitive performance and RSFC of hippocampal subregion, and analyzed the significantly altered RSFC values of T2DACD for Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsT2DACD patients showed a decline in their ability to complete cognitive assessment scales and experimental paradigms, and T2DM did not show abnormal cognitive performance. IL-6 expression was increased in peripheral serum in both T2DACD and T2DM. Compared with HCs, T2DACD showed abnormalities RSFC of the left anterior hippocampus with left precentral gyrus and left angular gyrus. T2DM showed abnormalities RSFC of the left middle hippocampus with right medial frontal gyrus, right anterior and middle hippocampus with left precuneus, left anterior hippocampus with right precuneus and right posterior middle temporal gyrus. Compared with T2DM, T2DACD showed abnormalities RSFC of the left posterior hippocampus and right middle hippocampus with left precuneus. In addition, RSFC in the left posterior hippocampus with left precuneus of T2DACD was positively correlated with Flanker conflict response time (r=0.766, P=0.001). In the ROC analysis, the significantly altered RSFC values of T2DACD achieved significant performance.ConclusionsT2DACD showed a significant decrease in attentional inhibition and working memory, peripheral pro-inflammatory response increased, and abnormalities RSFC of the hippocampal subregions with default mode network and sensory-motor network. T2DM did not show a significant cognitive decline, but peripheral pro-inflammatory response increased and abnormalities RSFC of the hippocampus subregions occurred in the brain. In addition, the left precuneus may be a key brain region in the conversion of T2DM to T2DACD. The results of this study may provide a basis for the preliminary diagnosis of T2DACD.
Negative and positive urgency as pathways in the intergenerational transmission of suicide risk in childhood
Authors: Ortin-Peralta Ana , Schiffman Amara , Malik Jill , Polanco-Roman Lillian , Hennefield Laura , Luking Katherine 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionParental suicide attempts and suicide death increase suicide risk in their offspring. High levels of impulsivity have been observed in families at high risk for suicide. Impulsivity, a highly heritable trait that is especially elevated in childhood, is frequently measured with the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, which includes negative urgency, positive urgency, sensation seeking, premeditation, and perseverance. Our study examined the association between the UPPS-P facets and suicide ideation (without suicide attempts) and suicide attempts at baseline and first-time endorsement within the next two years in childhood. We also examined how the UPPS-P facets mediated the association between parental suicide attempts and suicide death and offspring first-time suicide ideation and attempts at follow-up.MethodsThe sample was 9,194 children (48.4% female; 9-10 years old) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, assessed yearly three times. At Time 1 (T1), caregivers reported on suicide attempts and suicide deaths (combined) of the biological parents. Caregivers and children reported on suicide ideation and attempts in the KSADS-PL DSM-5 at each time point, T1 and follow-up (T2 and/or T3). The Short UPPS-P Scale (child-report) assessed the impulsivity facets at T1, which were computed as latent variables.ResultsAt T1, 6.7% of children had a parent who had attempted or died by suicide. Most UPPS-P facets were associated with suicide ideation and attempts at T1 and T2/T3. In adjusted models, parental suicide attempts and suicide death were associated with offspring negative and positive urgency. In mediation models, parental suicide attempts and suicide death had an indirect effect on offspring first-time suicide ideation at T2/T3 through negative urgency (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08) and positive urgency (OR = 1.03, 95% CI, 1.01-1.05). Similar results were found for first-time suicide attempts at T2/T3.DiscussionOur findings support an impulsive pathway in the familial transmission of suicide risk. For all youth, interventions that target multiple UPPS-P facets may help prevent or reduce suicide risk. For offspring whose parents have attempted or died by suicide, clinicians should pay particular attention to children who impulsively act on extreme emotions, as they may be at higher suicide risk.