bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving support and education of low‐income baby boomers diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus infection through universal screening
Authors: Turner Barbara J , Craig Kathryn , Makanji Vidhi S , Flores Bertha E , Hernandez Ludivina 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo identify support needs of low‐income baby boomers recently diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.BackgroundThe U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has endorsed one‐time screening of all baby boomers (born 1945–1965) for hepatitis C because 75% of the estimated 2–3 million persons with chronic infection are in this age range. We hypothesised that persons diagnosed by routine screening would have significant psycho‐emotional, cognitive and healthcare challenges that need to be met by collaborative care and services from nurses and other healthcare personnel.DesignQualitative descriptive study of data from three focus groups with predominantly minority participants (N = 16). Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis, and transcribed data were categorised by three domains in a previously developed model and a new domain identified in this study. Frequencies of unique participants’ comments about each theme were calculated.ResultsElucidated domains were as follows: (i) psycho‐emotional effects due to social stigma, shame, fear and dealing with risky behaviours; (ii) social effects due to concerns about infecting others; and (iii) cognitive deficits because of poor understanding about hepatitis C virus infection and its care. A new domain related to health care emerged reflecting the following themes: poor access to care, barriers to costly treatment, and navigating complex care for comorbidities. Despite these challenges, participants strongly endorsed universal baby boomer hepatitis C virus screening.ConclusionsThis study describes psycho‐emotional and social challenges of people dealing with a hepatitis C diagnosis which are compounded by poor knowledge and barriers to supportive care.Relevance to clinical practiceNursing and other allied health personnel require structured support programmes to assist older persons diagnosed with hepatitis C with addressing these common challenges with the ultimate goal of achieving a cure.
An evaluation of National Health Service England's Care Maker Programme: A mixed‐methods analysis
Authors: Zubairu Kate , Christiansen Angela , Kirkcaldy Andrew , Kirton Jennifer A , Kelly Carol A. , Simpson Paul , Gillespie Andrea , Brown Jeremy M. 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the impact and sustainability of the Care Maker programme across England from the perspective of those involved in its delivery.BackgroundThe Care Maker programme was launched in England in 2013. It aims to support the “Compassion in Practice” strategy, with particular emphasis on the 6Cs of care, compassion, competence, communication, courage and commitment. Care Makers were recruited in an ambassadorial role. The intention was to inspire individuals throughout the National Health Service in England to bridge national policy with those delivering care.DesignA mixed methods design was chosen, but this article focuses on two of the four distinct empirical data collection phases undertaken as part of this evaluation: a questionnaire with Care Makers; and two case studies of separate National Health Service trust sites.MethodData were collected for this evaluation in 2015. An online questionnaire was distributed to the total population of Care Makers across the National Health Service in England. It included a combination of open and closed questions. The case studies involved semistructured telephone interviews with a range of professionals engaged with the Care Maker programme across the trust sites.ResultsCare Makers reported that participation in the programme had offered opportunities in terms of improving the quality‐of‐care provision in the workplace as well as contributing towards their own professional development.ConclusionThe Care Maker programme has supported and helped underpin the nursing, midwifery and care strategy “Compassion in Practice”.Relevance to clinical practiceThis model of using volunteers to embed strategy and policy could potentially be used in other areas of clinical practice and indeed in other countries.
Targeting of B‐cell receptor signalling in B‐cell malignancies
Authors: Jerkeman M. , Hallek M. , Dreyling M. , Thieblemont C. , Kimby E. , Staudt L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPharmacological agents that inhibit enzymes of the B‐cell receptor (BCR) pathway are of increasing importance in the treatment of B‐cell malignancies. These include inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), splenic tyrosine kinase and protein kinase Cβ. Two agents are already approved in the USA and Europe: ibrutinib, a BTK inhibitor, for the treatment of chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia; and idelalisib, a PI3Kδ inhibitor, for the treatment of CLL and follicular lymphoma. In addition, the role of these drugs in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma is under investigation, as single agents and in combination with chemotherapy. In CLL, both ibrutinib and idelalisib have an established role as first‐line therapy in patients with del(17p), and in MCL, ibrutinib is a standard option for patients relapsing after chemoimmunotherapy. Unexpected toxicities have been encountered when combining these potent new agents with other drugs, including chemotherapy and lenalidomide, and based on this experience the risks and benefits of novel combinations must be evaluated carefully. In this review, we summarize the efficacy and safety results with these inhibitors and discuss novel combinations that are under study and the future role of BCR inhibitors in these disorders.
Shear and extensional rheology of commercial thickeners used for dysphagia management
Authors: Waqas Muhammad Qazi , Wiklund Johan , Altskär Annika , Ekberg Olle , Stading Mats 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPeople who suffer from swallowing disorders, commonly referred to as dysphagia, are often restricted to a texture‐modified diet. In such a diet, the texture of the fluid is modified mainly by the addition of gum or starch‐based thickeners. For optimal modification of the texture, tunable rheological parameters are shear viscosity, yield stress, and elasticity. In this work, the flow properties of commercial thickeners obtained from major commercial suppliers were measured both in shear and extensional flow using a laboratory viscometer and a newly developed tube viscometry technique, termed Pulsed Ultrasound Velocimetry plus Pressure Drop (PUV + PD). The two methods gave similar results, demonstrating that the PUV + PD technique can be applied to study flow during the swallowing process in geometry similar to that of the swallowing tract. The thickeners were characterized in relation to extensional viscosity using the Hyperbolic Contraction Flow method, with microscopy used as a complementary method for visualization of the fluid structure. The gum‐based thickeners had significantly higher extensional viscosities than the starch‐based thickeners. The rheological behavior was manifested in the microstructure as a hydrocolloid network with dimensions in the nanometer range for the gum‐based thickeners. The starch‐based thickeners displayed a granular structure in the micrometer range. In addition, the commercial thickeners were compared to model fluids (Boger, Newtonian, and Shear‐thinning) set to equal shear viscosity at 50/s and it was demonstrated that their rheological behavior could be tuned between highly elastic, extension‐thickening to Newtonian.Practical applicationsThickeners available for dysphagia management were characterized for extensional viscosity to improve the understanding of these thickeners in large scale deformation. Extensional deformation behavior was further explained by using microcopy as corresponding technique for better understanding of structure/rheology relationship. Moreover, the major challenge in capturing human swallowing process is the short transit times of the bolus flow (<1 s). Therefore, the ultrasound‐based rheometry method; PUV+PD which measures the real‐time flow curve in ∼50 ms was used in addition to classical shear rheometry. The two methods complimented each other indicating that the PUV+PD method can be applied to study the transient swallowing process which is part of our future research, where we are studying the flow properties of fluids in an in vitro swallowing tract.
Sediment depth and habitat as predictors of the diversity and composition of sediment bacterial communities in an inter‐tidal estuarine environment
Authors: Cleary Daniel F. R. , Coelho Francisco J. R. C. , Oliveira Vanessa , Gomes Newton C. M. , Polónia Ana R. M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSaltmarshes, seagrass meadows and mudflats are key habitats in estuarine ecosystems. Despite being involved in key ecological processes, the influence of different estuarine habitats on sediment bacterial communities remains understudied. Few studies have analysed and compared the bacterial communities of more than one estuarine habitat at different depths. Here, we investigated to what extent different habitats (mudflats; mono‐specific plots of seagrass [Zostera noltei] and two saltmarsh plants [Juncus maritimus and Spartina maritima]) and sampling depth (0, 5, 10 cm) influence variation in sediment bacterial composition. Our results showed significant differences in the abundance of selected higher taxa amongst habitats and depths. Surface sediment was characterized by bacteria assigned to the Acidimicrobiia, Flavobacteriia, Thiotrichales, Alteromonadales and Rhodobacterales, whereas in deeper sediment Deltaproteobacteria and Anaerolineae were dominant. Juncus sediment, in turn, presented the most distinct bacterial community, with Myxococcales abundant in this habitat. Sampling depth and habitat proved significant predictors of variation in sediment bacterial composition. The compositional dissimilarities amongst habitats and depths suggest functional divergence and complementarity, thus enhancing ecosystem functioning and health. Given the compositionally distinct communities found in different habitats and depths, our study corroborates the importance of conserving a diverse array of estuarine habitats.
A high spatial resolution synchrotron Mössbauer study of the Tazewell IIICD and Esquel pallasite meteorites
Authors: Blukis Roberts , Rüffer Rudolf , Chumakov Aleksandr I. , Harrison Richard J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMetallic phases in the Tazewell IIICD iron and Esquel pallasite meteorites were examined using 57Fe synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy. Spatial resolution of ~10–20 μm was achieved, together with high throughput, enabling individual spectra to be recorded in less than 1 h. Spectra were recorded every 5–10 μm, allowing phase fractions and hyperfine parameters to be traced along transects of key microstructural features. The main focus of the study was the transitional region between kamacite and plessite, known as the “cloudy zone.” Results confirm the presence of tetrataenite and antitaenite in the cloudy zone as its only components. However, both phases were also found in plessite, indicating that antitaenite is not restricted exclusively to the cloudy zone, as previously thought. The confirmation of paramagnetic antitaenite as the matrix phase of the cloudy zone contrasts with recent observations of a ferromagnetic matrix phase using X‐ray photoemission electron spectroscopy. Possible explanations for the different results seen using these techniques are proposed.
SurR is a master regulator of the primary electron flow pathways in the order Thermococcales
Authors: Lipscomb Gina L. , Schut Gerrit J. , Scott Robert A. , Adams Michael W. W. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe sulfur response regulator, SurR, is among a handful of known redox‐active transcriptional regulators. First characterized from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus, it is unique to the archaeal order Thermococcales. P. furiosus has two modes of electron disposal. Hydrogen gas is produced when the organism is grown in the absence of elemental sulfur (S0) and H2S is produced when grown in its presence. Switching between these metabolic modes requires a rapid transcriptional response and this is orchestrated by SurR. We show here that deletion of SurR causes severely impaired growth in the absence of S0 since genes essential for H2 metabolism are no longer activated. Conversely, a strain containing a constitutively active SurR variant displays a growth phenotype in the presence of S0 due to constitutive repression of S0‐responsive genes. During a metabolic shift initiated by addition of S0 to the growth medium, both strains demonstrate a de‐regulation of genes involved in the SurR regulon, including hydrogenase and related S0‐responsive genes. These results demonstrate that SurR is a master regulator of electron flow within P. furiosus, likely affecting the pools of ferredoxin, NADPH and NADH, as well as influencing metabolic pathways and thiol/disulfide redox balance.
Transcriptome analysis of the Dickeya dadantii PecS regulon during the early stages of interaction with Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Pédron Jacques , Chapelle Emilie , Alunni Benoît , Van Gijsegem Frédérique 
Published: March 2017

SummaryPecS is one of the major global regulators controlling the virulence of Dickeya dadantii, a broad‐host‐range phytopathogenic bacterium causing soft rot on several plant families. To define the PecS regulon during plant colonization, we analysed the global transcriptome profiles in wild‐type and pecS mutant strains during the early colonization of the leaf surfaces and in leaf tissue just before the onset of symptoms, and found that the PecS regulon consists of more than 600 genes. About one‐half of these genes are down‐regulated in the pecS mutant; therefore, PecS has both positive and negative regulatory roles that may be direct or indirect. Indeed, PecS also controls the regulation of a few dozen regulatory genes, demonstrating that this global regulator is at or near the top of a major regulatory cascade governing adaptation to growth in planta. Notably, PecS acts mainly at the very beginning of infection, not only to prevent virulence gene induction, but also playing an active role in the adaptation of the bacterium to the epiphytic habitat. Comparison of the patterns of gene expression inside leaf tissues and during early colonization of leaf surfaces in the wild‐type bacterium revealed 637 genes modulated between these two environments. More than 40% of these modulated genes are part of the PecS regulon, emphasizing the prominent role of PecS during plant colonization.
Predictors of quality of life and depression in older people living in temporary houses 13 months after the Wenchuan earthquake in western China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Xie Xia , Chen Yanling , Chen Hong , Au Alma , Guo Hongxia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this study, we explored the predictors of quality of life and depressive features in older people living in temporary housing 13 months after the Wenchuan earthquake in western China. Anonymous data were collected via questionnaires in a cross‐sectional survey of 189 older people living in temporary housing 13 months after the earthquake. To explore the predictors of the outcomes of interest, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used. The results indicated that interests/hobbies, subjective support, and family function were positive predictors of quality of life, whereas instrumental activities of daily living and depressive symptoms were its negative predictors. In addition, we found that a higher level of instrumental activities of daily living predicted a greater likelihood of depression. These results suggested that developing strategies to decrease the instrumental activities of daily living score of these people helps improve their quality of life and depression. To enhance the quality of life of these individuals, healthcare providers should also focus on developing their interests/hobbies and provide them with adequate social support, especially subjective support.
Mental health status and its predictors among call center employees: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Oh Hyunjin , Park Heyeon , Boo Sunjoo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this study, we assessed the mental health of Korean call center employees and investigated the potential predictors of their mental health status. A cross‐sectional study using self‐completing questionnaire was conducted for employees working for a credit card call center. A total of 306 call center employees completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Emotion Labor Scale, and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale. The results showed that more than half of the participants reported high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. A multiple regression analysis indicated that the total scores on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale were predicted by perceived health, job satisfaction, job demands, organizational injustice, and emotional dissonance suggesting that, in the interest of improving the mental health of call center employees, their job demands and emotional dissonance should be reduced and the work environment be improved. Consideration should be given to providing routine assessments of mental health, including depression, anxiety, and stress, and the corresponding need for the development of an intervention program and other work‐related policies that would protect employees from the risk of poor mental health outcomes.
Effect of Intraoperative Dexamethasone on Pain Scores and Narcotic Consumption in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Samona Jason , Cook Carrie , Krupa Kyle , Swatsell Krystle , Jackson Andrew , Dukes Chase , Martin Sidney 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo examine whether the addition of intravenous dexamethasone during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) would be effective at reducing postoperative pain scores and postoperative opioid consumption.MethodsA total of 102 patients undergoing TKA were placed into two groups: 55 subjects received intraoperative dexamethasone 8 mg intravenously (treatment group) and 47 did not receive dexamethasone at any time during the perioperative period. Comparison was made using the 0–10 numeric pain rating scale and the amount of opioids used in each group.ResultsPatients who received dexamethasone required significantly less oral opioids compared to the control group. Pain scores at 24 h post‐surgery were significantly less for the dexamethasone group compared to the control group. There was no difference between groups in regards to patient‐controlled analgesic dose or pain scores in the post‐anesthesia care unit, at 12 or 48 h post‐surgery.ConclusionA single dose of dexamethasone given intraoperatively significantly decreased oral narcotic consumption and decreased pain scores 24 h postoperatively. Dexamethasone appears to be a safe modality to use to control pain in patients undergoing TKA.
Evidence of Public Health Nursing Effectiveness: A Realist Review
Authors: Swider Susan M. , Levin Pamela F. , Reising Virginia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this realist review was to examine PHN interventions and their outcomes during the period preceding the Affordable Care Act (1990–2010), to determine what types of interventions demonstrated effectiveness, and whether these were related to target population or setting.Design and SampleThe review focused on PHN interventions with data support documented over 20 years. A search of the published literature using CINHAL, PubMed, and ancestry methods resulted in 64 articles meeting the search criteria. The researchers reviewed each article for the relevant variables; achieved consensus for each variable; and summarized results using descriptive statistics.ResultsDocumented PHN interventions targeted vulnerable populations. Interventions included health education, behavior change, and screening. There was evidence of effectiveness of PHN interventions in a number of studies; however, the study limitations and variety of intervention types make overall conclusions about PHN effectiveness challenging.ConclusionsDespite the long history of PHN working in communities to promote and maintain the health of vulnerable populations, practice outcomes have not been well documented. Further work is needed to: strengthen the methods for documenting effectiveness of PHN practice; focus on promising PHN interventions via multisite studies; and translate evidence‐based PHN interventions to practice settings.
Calcium Control of the Sign of Phototaxis in Brown Algal Gametes of Mutimo cylindricus
Authors: Kinoshita Nana , Nagasato Chikako , Motomura Taizo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBrown algal swarmers usually exhibit positive or negative phototaxis. Such behaviors influence the increasing or decreasing dispersal distance or colonization on the new substratum. We confirmed that the sign of phototaxis (negative or positive) in male gametes of Mutimo cylindricus was affected by extracellular Ca2+ influx through Ca2+ channels. Under the control condition (10−2 m [Ca2+]), male gametes swimming with a helical rotation of their cell body mostly showed positive phototaxis. At 10−3 m [Ca2+], more than half of the male gametes showed positive phototaxis, whereas the others showed negative phototaxis. From 10−4–10−5 m [Ca2+], the phototactic sign changed to negative. When these negative phototactic gametes were transferred back to the control condition, the phototactic sign reverted to positive. At 10−6 m [Ca2+], some of male gametes showed negative phototaxis, but most showed no phototaxis or flagellar beating. Lanthanum, a Ca2+ channel blocker, affected the sign of phototaxis at 10−4 m [La3+] under 10−2 m [Ca2+], and male gametes mostly showed negative phototaxis. A further increase in [La3+] inhibited phototaxis and flagellar beating. These results pointed out the involvement of Ca2+ channels that were blocked by La3+ in phototaxis and flagellar beating.
Melanoma Chemoprevention: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Chhabra Gagan , Ndiaye Mary Ann , Garcia‐Peterson Liz Mariely , Ahmad Nihal 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe incidence of skin cancers, both nonmelanoma and melanoma, is increasing in the United States. The ultraviolet radiation, mainly from sun, is considered the major cause for these neoplasms. While nonmelanoma skin cancers are far more numerous, melanoma remains the most challenging. This is because melanoma can become extremely aggressive and its incidence is increasing worldwide due to lack of effective early detection, as well as disease recurrence, following both surgery and chemotherapy. Therefore, in addition to better treatment options, newer means are required to prevent melanomas from developing. Chemoprevention is a reasonable cost‐effective approach to prevent carcinogenesis by inhibiting the processes of tumor initiation, promotion and progression. Melanoma is a progressive disease, which makes it very suitable for chemopreventive interventions, by targeting the processes and molecular pathways involved in the progression of melanoma. This review discusses the roles of various chemopreventive agents such as NSAIDs, statins, vitamins and dietary agents in melanoma and highlights current advancements and our perspective on future of melanoma chemoprevention. Although considerable preclinical data suggest that melanoma may be prevented or delayed by a numerous chemopreventive agents, we realize there are insufficient clinical studies evaluating their efficacy and long‐term safety for human use.