bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the chondrocyte maturation cycle and the endochondral ossification in the diaphyseal and epiphyseal ossification centers
Authors: Pazzaglia Ugo E. , Congiu Terenzio , Sibilia Valeria , Pagani Francesca , Benetti Anna , Zarattini Guido 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe chondrocyte maturation cycle and endochondral ossification were studied in human, fetal cartilage Anlagen and in postnatal meta‐epiphyses. The relationship between the lacunar area, the inter‐territorial fibril network variations, and calcium phosphorus nucleation in primary and secondary ossification centers were assessed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphometry. The Anlage topographic, zonal classification was derived from the anatomical nomenclature of the completely developed long bone (diaphysis, metaphyses and epiphyses). A significant increase in the chondrocyte lacunar area was documented in the Anlage of epiphyseal zones 4 and 3 to zone 2 (metaphysis) and zone 1 (diaphysis), with the highest variation from zone 2 to zone 1. An inverse reduction in the intercellular matrix area and matrix interfibrillar empty space was also documented. These findings are consistent with the osmotic passage of free cartilage water from the interfibrillar space into the swelling chondrocytes, which increased the ion concentrations to a critical threshold for mineral precipitation in the matrix. The mineralized cartilage served as a scaffold for osteoblast apposition both in primary and secondary ossification centers and in the metaphyseal growth plate cartilage, though at different periods of bone Anlage development and with distinct patterns for each zone. All developmental processes shared a common initial pathway but progressed at different rates, modes and organization in diaphysis, metaphysis and epiphysis. In the ossification phase the developing vascular supply appeared to play a key role in determining the cortical or trabecular structure of the long bones. J. Morphol. 277:1187–1198, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Climatic variability over the last 30 000 years recorded in La Piscina de Yuriria, a Central Mexican crater lake
Authors: Holmes Jonathan A. , Metcalfe Sarah E. , Jones Heather L. , Marshall Jim D. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) provides an excellent setting for reconstruction of late Quaternary climate from different natural archives. Moreover, human impact on the landscape since the mid‐Holocene provides a good opportunity to investigate the complex interplay of natural and anthropogenic forcing of landscape change. However, despite the wealth of records, understanding of the environmental history of the region and its wider significance for climate change across the northern neotropics remains incomplete. We present a radiocarbon‐dated, multiple‐proxy (sedimentology, sedimentary geochemistry, ostracods, diatoms, stable isotopes) record of climatic and environmental change based on the lacustrine sediments from La Piscina de Yuriria, a hydrologically closed volcanic crater in the northern TMVB. Much of the last glacial interval was characterized by low effective moisture associated with a weakened North American Monsoon (NAM) although the interval from 30 000 to 27 500 a BP experienced abrupt changes in rainfall. The period corresponding to the Lateglacial stadial was also dry and the lake may have dried out at this time. There was a change to wetter but variable conditions during the early Holocene as the NAM strengthened. Progressive drying during the later Holocene was accompanied by phases of catchment disturbance, which were partly the result of human impact.
Early–Mid Pleistocene environments in the Valsequillo Basin, Central Mexico: a reassessment
Authors: Metcalfe Sarah E. , Leng Melanie J. , Kirby Jason R. , Huddart David , Vane Christopher H. , Gonzalez Silvia 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe Valsequillo Basin in Central Mexico has been of interest due to the presence of megafaunal remains and evidence for early human occupation, but research has been controversial. It has been suggested that extensive and deep lakes characterized the Early Pleistocene environment but sediment exposure is highly fragmentary and reliable dating has been difficult. Here we report, for the first time, Early Pleistocene palaeoenvironmental reconstructions using stable isotopes, diatoms, tephra and pollen. We studied several stratigraphic sections of mainly non‐volcanic rocks, containing the 1.3‐Ma Xalnene Ash as a stratigraphic marker. The isotope and other proxy data show that topographically low points in the basin were occupied by spring‐fed, shallow water lakes during the Early–Mid Pleistocene, with a trend to drier conditions. The basin was a dynamic volcaniclastic environment during this period, with the production of the Toluquilla volcanic sequence and other rhyolitic–dacitic volcanic ashes interbedded with the lake sediments at the sections studied. There is no evidence from the sections for extensive and deep lakes before or after deposition of the Xalnene Ash. Wetter conditions in the basin during the Early Pleistocene would have made it attractive for megafauna. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A tale of two lakes: a multi‐proxy comparison of Lateglacial and Holocene environmental change in Cappadocia, Turkey
Authors: Roberts Neil , Allcock Samantha L. , Arnaud Fabien , Dean Jonathan R. , Eastwood Warren J. , Jones Matthew D. , Leng Melanie J. , Metcalfe Sarah E. , Malet Emmanuel , Woodbridge Jessie , Yiğitbaşıoğlu Hakan 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIndividual palaeoenvironmental records represent a combination of regional‐scale (e.g. climatic) and site‐specific local factors. Here we compare multiple climate proxies from two nearby maar lake records, assuming that common signals are due to regional‐scale forcing. A new core sequence from Nar Lake in Turkey is dated by varves and U–Th to the last 13.8 ka. Markedly dry periods during the Lateglacial stadial, at 4.3–3.7 and at 3.2–2.6 ka BP, are associated with peaks in Mg/dolomite, positive δ18O, elevated diatom‐inferred electrical conductivity, an absence of laminated sediments and low Quercus/chenopod ratios. Wet phases occurred during the early–mid Holocene and 1.5–0.6 ka BP, characterized by negative δ18O, calcite precipitation, high Ca/Sr ratios, a high percentage of planktonic diatoms, laminated sediments and high Quercus/chenopod ratios. Comparison with the record from nearby Eski Acıgöl shows good overall correspondence for many proxies, especially for δ18O. Differences are related to basin infilling and lake ontogeny at Eski Acıgöl, which consequently fails to register climatic changes during the last 2 ka, and to increased flux of lithogenic elements into Nar Lake during the last 2.6 ka, not primarily climatic in origin. In attempting to separate a regional signal from site‐specific ‘noise’, two lakes may therefore be better than one.
Measurements of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon isotope variability inSphagnummoss along a micro‐topographical gradient in a southern Patagonian peatland
Authors: Loader N. J. , Street‐Perrott F. A. , Mauquoy D. , Roland T. P. , van Bellen S. , Daley T. J. , Davies D. , Hughes P. D. M. , Pancotto V. O. , Young G. H. F. , Amesbury M. J. , Charman D. J. , Mallon G. , Yu Z. C. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTPeat archives offer a diverse range of physical and chemical proxies from which it is possible to study past environmental and ecological changes. Direct numerical calibration and verification is difficult so process‐based and mechanistic studies are therefore required to establish and quantify links between environmental changes and their associated proxy‐responses. Traditional ‘space‐for‐time’ calibrations provide a solution to this calibration problem, but are often unable to isolate a single environmental variable from other potentially confounding variables. In this study, we explored the potential of a site‐specific ‘space‐for‐time’ approach applied to a hummock‐hollow transect on an ombrotrophic raised bog in Patagonia, southern Chile. Coupled stable carbon, oxygen and hydrogen isotopic measurements were made on individual samples ofSphagnummoss cellulose and compared with plant‐associated waters, local hydrology, temperature and relative humidity, sampled at the same points along the study transect. Results reveal a range of environmental responses, which were supported by plant‐physiological models in the case of carbon and oxygen isotopes. For hydrogen isotopes, the results obtained from cellulose indicated a need for further research into hydrogen isotope fractionation inSphagnum. We recommend conducting site‐specific characterization of plant response to support the development of peat‐based isotope records for palaeoenvironmental research, and where logistically possible, that monitoring is conducted over timescales appropriate to the time‐integrative nature of theSphagnumrecord.
Preharvest salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid treatments preserve quality and enhance antioxidant systems during postharvest storage of sweet cherry cultivars
Authors: Giménez M José , Serrano María , Valverde Juan Miguel , Martínez‐Romero Domingo , Castillo Salvador , Valero Daniel , Guillén Fabián 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDSweet cherries are much appreciated by consumers as a result of their organoleptic quality attributes and antioxidant properties, although they deteriorate rapidly after harvest. Different preharvest strategies have been carried out to increase their quality at the time of harvest. We present data regarding the effect of preharvest salicylic acid (SA) and acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) treatments on sweet cherry quality during postharvest storage.RESULTSAt harvest and during postharvest storage, sweet cherry fruits (‘Sweet Heart’, ‘Sweet Late’ and ‘Lapins’) from SA (0.5 mmol L−1) and ASA (1 mmol L−1) treated trees had a higher colour (lower chroma index), firmness, total soluble solids, total phenolics, total anthocyanins and hydrophilic total antioxidant activity. In addition, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase was also enhanced in SA‐ and ASA‐treated cherries.CONCLUSIONBoth SA and ASA preharvest treatments could be promising tools for improving sweet cherry quality at harvest and after storage, with an additional effect on delaying the postharvest ripening process by increasing the levels of antioxidant compounds and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Selective stimulation of facial muscles with a penetrating electrode array in the feline model
Authors: Sahyouni Ronald , Bhatt Jay , Djalilian Hamid R. , Tang William C. , Middlebrooks John C. , Lin Harrison W. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisPermanent facial nerve injury is a difficult challenge for both patients and physicians given its potential for debilitating functional, cosmetic, and psychological sequelae. Although current surgical interventions have provided considerable advancements in facial nerve rehabilitation, they often fail to fully address all impairments. We aim to introduce an alternative approach to facial nerve rehabilitation.Study DesignAcute experiments in animals with normal facial function.MethodsThe study included three anesthetized cats. Four facial muscles (levator auris longus, orbicularis oculi, nasalis, and orbicularis oris) were monitored with a standard electromyographic (EMG) facial nerve monitoring system with needle electrodes. The main trunk of the facial nerve was exposed, and a 16‐channel penetrating electrode array was placed into the nerve. Electrical current pulses were delivered to each stimulating electrode individually. Elicited EMG voltage outputs were recorded for each muscle.ResultsStimulation through individual channels selectively activated restricted nerve populations, resulting in selective contraction of individual muscles. Increasing stimulation current levels resulted in increasing EMG voltage responses. Typically, selective activation of two or more distinct muscles was successfully achieved via a single placement of the multi‐channel electrode array by selection of appropriate stimulation channels.ConclusionWe have established in the animal model the ability of a penetrating electrode array to selectively stimulate restricted fiber populations within the facial nerve and to selectively elicit contractions in specific muscles and regions of the face. These results show promise for the development of a facial nerve implant system.Level of EvidenceN/A.Laryngoscope, 2016 127:460–465, 2017
Comparison of caloric and head‐impulse tests during the attacks of Meniere's disease
Authors: Lee Sun‐Uk , Kim Hyo‐Jung , Koo Ja‐Won , Kim Ji‐Soo 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo aid in diagnosis of Meniere's disease (MD) during the attacks using caloric and head‐impulse tests (HITs).Study DesignRetrospective case series review.MethodsWe analyzed the results of bithermal caloric and HITs during the attacks in 16 patients with MD. Quantitative analyses of HITs were conducted using a magnetic search coil technique.ResultsIn unilateral MD (14 patients, 42 semicircular canals), the head impulse gain of the vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) was either normal (28 of 42, 67%), decreased (8 of 42, 19%), or increased (6 of 42, 14%) for each semicircular canal in the affected ear. Likewise, the head impulse VOR gain was either normal (29 of 42, 69%), increased (11 of 42, 26%), or decreased (2 of 42, 5%) in the intact ear. The VOR gain for the horizontal canal was significantly lower on the affected side (P = 0.013). However, the VOR gains for the anterior and posterior canals did not differ between the sides (P = 0.270, P = 0.282). In bilateral MD (two patients, 12 semicircular canals), the VOR gain was either decreased (6 of 12, 50%) or normal (6 of 12, 50%) in either ear. In contrast, the caloric responses were usually decreased in the affected ear (7 of 11, 64%, including one with bilateral MD).ConclusionDuring the attacks of MD, HITs showed varied results between the ears and among the canals, although the caloric responses were usually decreased in the involved ear. These dissociations suggest a frequency‐dependent impairment of canal function or mechanical property of the endolymphatic hydrops during the attacks of MD.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:702–708, 2017
Nonexistence results for higher order pseudo‐parabolic equations in the Heisenberg group
Authors: Alsaedi Ahmed , Ahmad Bashir , Kirane Mokhtar , Al‐Yami Maryem 
Published: June 2016

Sufficient conditions are obtained for the nonexistence of solutions to the nonlinear higher order pseudo‐parabolic equation

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4052:mma4052-math-0001
where
is the Kohn‐Laplace operator on the (2N + 1)‐dimensional Heisenberg group
, m≥1,p > 1. Then, this result is extended to the case of a 2 × 2‐system of the same type. Our technique of proof is based on judicious choices of the test functions in the weak formulation of the sought solutions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of constitutive inactivation of the myostatin gene on the gain in muscle strength during postnatal growth in two murine models
Authors: Stantzou Amalia , Ueberschlag‐Pitiot Vanessa , Thomasson Remi , Furling Denis , Bonnieu Anne , Amthor Helge , Ferry Arnaud 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The effect of constitutive inactivation of the gene encoding myostatin on the gain in muscle performance during postnatal growth has not been well characterized. Methods: We analyzed 2 murine myostatin knockout (KO) models, (i) the Lee model (KOLee) and (ii) the Grobet model (KOGrobet), and measured the contraction of tibialis anterior muscle in situ. Results: Absolute maximal isometric force was increased in 6‐month‐old KOLee and KOGrobet mice, as compared to wild‐type mice. Similarly, absolute maximal power was increased in 6‐month‐old KOLee mice. In contrast, specific maximal force (relative maximal force per unit of muscle mass was decreased in all 6‐month‐old male and female KO mice, except in 6‐month‐old female KOGrobet mice, whereas specific maximal power was reduced only in male KOLee mice. Conclusions: Genetic inactivation of myostatin increases maximal force and power, but in return it reduces muscle quality, particularly in male mice. Muscle Nerve 55: 254–261, 2017
BioBusiness
Authors: Maelicke Alfred 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMit VBU und DIB hat Deutschland nun zwei Industrievereinigungen auf dem Gebiet der Biotechnologie. Der BioRegioWettbewerb des BMBF wurde durch den Leitprojekt‐Wettbewerb flankiert. Trotz Finanznot von Bund und Ländern fließen die Fördergelder weiter, und Biotechnologie wird nun auch in unserem Land zu einer attraktiven Kapitalanlage. Biowissenschaften und BioBusiness sind im Aufwind.
Generation of a realistic 3D sand assembly using X‐ray micro‐computed tomography and spherical harmonic‐based principal component analysis
Authors: Zhou B. , Wang J. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThree‐dimensional particle morphology is a significant problem in the discrete element modeling of granular sand. The major technical challenge is generating a realistic 3D sand assembly that is composed of a large number of random‐shaped particles containing essential morphological features of natural sands. Based on X‐ray micro‐computed tomography data collected from a series of image processing techniques, we used the spherical harmonics (SH) analysis to represent and reconstruct the multi‐scale features of real 3D particle morphologies. The SH analysis was extended to some highly complex particles with sharp corners and surface cavities. We then proposed a statistical approach for the generation of realistic particle assembly of a given type of sand based on the principle component analysis (PCA). The PCA aims to identify the major pattern of the coefficient matrix, which is made up of the SH coefficients of all the particles involved in the analysis. This approach takes into account the particle size effect on the variation of particle morphology, which is observed from the available results of micro‐computed tomography and QICPIC analyses of sand particle morphology. Using the aforementioned approach, two virtual sand samples were generated, whose statistics of morphological parameters were compared with those measured from real sand particles. The comparison shows that the proposed approach is capable of generating a realistic sand assembly that retains the major morphological features of the mother sand. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a neoplasm and consequently its recurrence is a relapse: In memory of Bob Arceci
Authors: Egeler R. Maarten , Katewa Satyendra , Leenen Pieter J.M. , Beverley Peter , Collin Matthew , Ginhoux Florent , Arceci Robert J. , Rollins Barrett J. ,   for the Steering Committee of the Nikolas Symposium
Published: June 2016

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) remains a poorly understood disorder with heterogeneous clinical presentations characterized by focal or disseminated lesions that contain excessive CD1a+ langerin+ cells with dendritic cell features known as “LCH cells.” Two of the major questions investigated over the past century have been (i) the origin of LCH cells and (ii) whether LCH is primarily an immune dysregulatory disorder or a neoplasm. Current opinion is that LCH cells are likely to arise from hematopoietic precursor cells, although the stage of derailment and site of transformation remain unclear and may vary in patients with different extent of disease. Over the years, evidence has provided the view that LCH is a neoplasm. The demonstration of clonality of LCH cells, insufficient evidence alone for neoplasia, is now bolstered by finding driver somatic mutations in BRAF in up to 55% of patients with LCH, and activation of the RAS‐RAF‐MEK‐ERK (where MEK and ERK are mitogen‐activated protein kinase and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, respectively) pathway in nearly 100% of patients with LCH. Herein, we review the evidence that recurrent genetic abnormalities characterized by activating oncogenic mutations should satisfy prerequisites for LCH to be called a neoplasm. As a consequence, recurrent episodes of LCH should be considered relapsed disease rather than disease reactivation. Mapping the complete genetic landscape of this intriguing disease will provide additional support for the conclusion that LCH is a neoplasm and is likely to provide more potential opportunities for molecularly targeted therapies.
Rapid Detection and Characterisation of Triterpene Saponins from the Root of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel by HPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS
Authors: Ling Yun , Lin Zhanqing , Zha Wenjuan , Lian Tou , You Shanshan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionTriterpene saponins are the major bioactive components in the root of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel (RPC), and have been reported to possess antitumor and immunological adjuvant activities. However, the isolation, purification and elucidation procedures of triterpene saponins from RPC are difficult and time consuming due to high polarity and structural similarity.ObjectivesTo develop an analytical strategy for discovering and elucidating triterpene saponins in RPC.MethodsMethanolic extract of RPC is analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation and quadrupole time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS). The MS and MS/MS experiments are conducted using the negative‐ionisation mode, in order to provide molecular‐mass information and production spectra for the structural elucidation of compounds.ResultsBased on retention times, accurate mass and mass spectrometric fragmentation, 24 triterpene saponins are identified or tentatively elucidated from RPC, of which nine triterpene saponins were not reported previously.ConclusionThe HPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS could be employed as a rapid, effective technique to screen and identify triterpene saponins in RPC without tedious and time‐consuming isolation of pure constituents. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Coupling of HPTLC with MALDI‐TOF MS for Qualitative Detection of Flavonoids on Phytochemical Fingerprints
Authors: Kroslakova Ivana , Pedrussio Simona , Wolfram Evelyn 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionThin layer chromatographic fingerprints of plant raw materials and extracts for food and pharma applications often focus on phenol carbonic acids and flavonoids. The visual detection and comparison of Rf values of applied reference substances only renders limited phytochemical information. Recently, direct coupling of TLC with MALDI‐TOF MS has been successfully applied for analysis of biologically relevant compounds such as lipids. The mass analysis of low molecular weight TLC or HPTLC fingerprints of flavonoids has, to our knowledge, not yet been investigated.ObjectivesIn this study, the feasibility of direct coupling of HPTLC with UV‐MALDI‐TOF MS for determination of molecular mass of the ubiquitously present flavonol glycoside, rutin, and flavone glycoside, luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside, as well as their corresponding aglycones, quercetin and luteolin, is demonstrated.MethodologyHPTLC plate suitable for combination with a MALDI MS adapter was used for chromatographic separation of compounds of interest. After separation, the plate was sprayed with 2,5 dihydroxybenzoic acid as a MALDI matrix using an automated spraying device. After drying, the developed chromatograms were scanned by UV‐MALDI‐TOF MS in positive mode with a spatial resolution of 0.2 mm.ResultsAll compounds studied were distinctly detected in MALDI‐TOF mass spectra. This is particularly pertinent for the co‐eluted aglycones luteolin and quercetin, which could not have been distinguished by the common visual HPTLC derivatisation and evaluation.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the potential of MALDI‐TOF MS for the analysis of low molecular weight fingerprints of flavonoids directly from their HPTLC chromatogram. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.