bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Tap Density Li4Ti5O12 Microspheres: Synthetic Conditions and Advanced Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Ren Jianxin , Ming Hai , Jia Zhenyong , Zhang Yanqing , Ming Jun , Zhou Qun , Zheng Junwei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPreparation of uniform, spherical Li4Ti5O12 with high tap density is significant to achieve a high volumetric energy density in lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, Li4Ti5O12 microspheres with variable tap density and tunable size distribution were synthesized by a newly designed industrial spray‐drying approach. The slurry concentration, sintering time, sintering conditions after spraying, and the effect of lithium/titanium molar ratio on the lithium‐ion (Li+) storage capability were investigated. A narrow particle size distribution of around 10 μm and a high tap density close to 1.4 g cm−3 of the Li4Ti5O12 spheres can be obtained under the optimized conditions. The Li4Ti5O12 spheres can deliver a much higher capacity of 168 mAh g−1 at a rate of 1 C and show a high capacity retention of 97.7 % over 400 cycles. The synthetic conditions are confirmed to be critical for improving the electron conductivity and Li+ diffusivity by adjusting the crystal and spatial structures. As‐prepared high‐performance Li4Ti5O12 is an ideal electrode for lithium‐ion batteries or capacitors; meanwhile, the presented approach is also applicable for preparing other kind of spherical materials.
Rethinking Ethnocentrism in International Business Research
Authors: Michailova Snejina , Piekkari Rebecca , Storgaard Marianne , Tienari Janne 
Published: March 2017

Research summaryFor nearly five decades, international business (IB) research in general and the literature on organizational design and staffing of multinationals in particular have treated ethnocentrism mainly as an adverse attribute. Limited attention has been paid to the disciplines that originally established the concept—anthropology, sociology, and psychology. These disciplines have examined ethnocentrism as a positive, neutral, or negative phenomenon with a complex hierarchical structure.IBliterature, in turn, has almost exclusively adopted a negative view, suggesting that ethnocentrism hinders adoption of a global strategy. This article borrows insights from the three base disciplines to rethink the concept of ethnocentrism inIBresearch and to draw implications for global strategy research. The article also calls for a more careful borrowing of concepts from other disciplines.Managerial summaryThis article is about ethnocentrism. Ethnocentric people tend to believe that their group, organization, culture, or ethnicity is superior to others. Ethnocentrism can exist in international business, for instance, where home country staff consider themselves superior to foreign staff in other countries. In international business research, ethnocentrism is usually considered undesirable, something that should be eliminated. However, sociology, anthropology, and psychology, where the concept was originally established, have adopted a wider, far more nuanced and intellectually richer view that also acknowledges the neutrality and benefits of ethnocentrism. We draw on this more refined view to rethink ethnocentrism in international business and show implications for global strategy research.
Improved Screening Test for Idiopathic Infantile Hypercalcemia Confirms Residual Levels of Serum 24,25-(OH)2D3 in Affected Patients
Authors: Kaufmann Martin , Morse Nicole , Molloy Billy Joe , Cooper Donald P , Schlingmann Karl Peter , Molin Arnaud , Kottler Marie Laure , Gallagher J Christopher , Armas Laura , Jones Glenville 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

CYP24A1 mutations are now accepted as a cause of idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH). A rapid liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based blood test enabling measurement of the 25-OH-D3:24,25-(OH)2D3 ratio (R) can identify IIH patients on the basis of reduced C24-hydroxylation of 25-OH-D3 by CYP24A1 in vivo. Although values of this ratio are significantly elevated in IIH, somewhat surprisingly, serum 24,25-(OH)2D3 remains detectable. The current study explores possible explanations for this including: residual CYP24A1 enzyme activity in individuals with certain CYP24A1 genotypes, expression of alternative C24-hydroxylases, and the possibility of isobaric contamination of the 24,25-(OH)2D3 peak on LC-MS/MS. We employed an extended 20-min run time on LC-MS/MS to study serum vitamin D metabolites in patients with IIH due to mutations of CYP24A1 or SLC34A1; in unaffected heterozygotes and dialysis patients; in patients with vitamin D deficiency; as well as in normal subjects exhibiting a broad range of 25-OH-D levels. We identified 25,26-(OH)2D3 as a contaminant of the 24,25-(OH)2D3 peak. In normals, the concentration of 24,25-(OH)2D3 greatly exceeds 25,26-(OH)2D3; however, 25,26-(OH)2D3 becomes more significant in IIH with CYP24A1 mutations and in dialysis patients, where 24,25-(OH)2D3 levels are low when CYP24A1 function is compromised. Mean R in 30 IIH-CYP24A1 patients was 700 (range, 166 to 2168; cutoff = 140) as compared with 31 in 163 controls. Furthermore, patients possessing CYP24A1 L409S alleles exhibited higher 24,25-(OH)2D3 levels and lower R (mean R = 268; n = 8) than patients with other mutations. We conclude that a chromatographic approach which resolves 24,25-(OH)2D3 from 25,26-(OH)2D3 produces a more accurate R that can be used to differentiate pathological states where CYP24A1 activity is altered. The origin of the residual serum 24,25-(OH)2D3 in IIH patients appears to be multifactorial. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sexual dimorphism in laryngeal muscle fibers and ultrasonic vocalizations in the adult rat
Authors: Lenell Charles , Johnson Aaron M. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThe human voice is sexually dimorphic in obvious ways, such as differences in fundamental frequency and gross laryngeal anatomy, but also in less apparent ways, such as in the prevalence and types of voice disorders and the manifestation of voice changes in advanced age. Differences between males and females are rarely explored, however, in mechanistic animal studies. The goal of this study was to explore sexual dimorphism in laryngeal function and structure in adult rats by examining ultrasonic vocalization acoustics and muscle fiber size and type in the thyroarytenoid muscle.Study DesignAnimal group comparison.MethodsSpontaneous ultrasonic vocalizations from 10 male adult rats and 10 female adult rats were recorded, classified, and acoustically analyzed. Cross‐sections of the thyroarytenoid muscle were stained and imaged for analysis of muscle fiber size and type. Acoustic and muscle parameters were statistically compared between sexes.ResultsMale rats had a lower mean frequency of short ultrasonic vocalizations. Male rats also had a larger mean fiber size in the external division of the thyroarytenoid and larger overall muscle area in both the vocalis and external divisions of the thyroarytenoid. However, muscle fiber type compositions were similar between sexes in both the vocalis and external division of the thyroarytenoid muscles.ConclusionFunctional and structural laryngeal differences exist between adult male and female rats; therefore, the rat model can be used to further study sexual dimorphism of the voice.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:E270–E276, 2017
Influence of human papillomavirus on the clinical presentation of oropharyngeal carcinoma in the United States
Authors: Stenmark Matthew H. , Shumway Dean , Guo Cui , Vainshtein Jeffrey , Mierzwa Michelle , Jagsi Reshma , Griggs Jennifer J. , Banerjee Mousumi 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveMuch of what is known about the significance of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is derived from single‐institution retrospective studies, post hoc analyses of tissue specimens from clinical trials, and tissue bank studies with a small sample size. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of HPV on the frequency and clinical presentation of oropharyngeal carcinoma in a large, national sample with information from patients who underwent HPV testing.Study DesignRetrospective, cross‐sectional study.MethodsWe identified a comprehensive national sample of 8,359 patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma and known HPV status diagnosed between 2010 and 2011 within the National Cancer Database. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess correlates of patient and tumor characteristics on HPV status.ResultsAmong patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma, the frequency of HPV‐related squamous cell carcinoma in the United States was 65.4%. HPV‐related oropharyngeal carcinoma was associated with younger age, male sex, and white race (P < 0.001). Advanced primary tumor stage was associated with HPV‐negative disease (P < 0.001), whereas increasing nodal burden was associated with HPV‐positive disease (P < 0.001). Despite less‐advanced nodal disease, HPV‐negative tumors were associated with a higher likelihood of metastasis at presentation (P < 0.001).ConclusionHPV now accounts for the majority of newly diagnosed oropharyngeal carcinoma in the United States and is associated with a distinct clinical profile, supporting efforts to re‐evaluate the staging and treatment paradigm for HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:2270–2278, 2017
Endoscope or microscope‐guided pediatric tympanoplasty? Comparison of grafting technique and outcome
Authors: James Adrian L. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo review experience from the introduction of totally endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) to a pediatric tympanoplasty practice to identify factors influencing technique selection and successful outcome.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsAnalysis of prospectively acquired data from a consecutive series of 295 surgeries for tympanic membrane perforation over a 12‐year period. Success of perforation closure was compared between microscope and TEES grafting techniques. Impact of the acquisition of endoscopic techniques and equipment were compared with annual proportion of cases completed by TEES.ResultsOf 267 tympanoplasties, 109 (41%) were completed with TEES and 158 by a postauricular approach. The proportion completed with TEES increased gradually to 97% of cases as equipment and expertise were acquired. Young age did not prevent TEES tympanoplasty. Two hundred nineteen of 250 (88%) perforations were closed successfully by tympanoplasty, with equivalent closure rates between TEES and postauricular approaches. Underlay of tragal perichondrium was less successful than lateral graft technique using TEES (P = .04, Fisher exact test). “Push‐through” myringoplasty using a microscope or endoscope was least successful (19 of 28 (68%), P = .005). The median length of stay was 13 hours shorter for TEES than postauricular tympanoplasty (P = .04, Mann‐Whitney rank sum test). Wound complications occurred in five (3%) postauricular cases and one TEES case.ConclusionsTEES tympanoplasty is feasible in a large majority of children given appropriate equipment and surgical experience. Nonautogenous graft material is ideal for this minimally invasive approach. TEES is recommended as providing equivalent likelihood of perforation closure to the post‐auricular approach but with less postoperative morbidity.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 127:2659–2664, 2017
Functionalizing Nanoemulsions with Carboxylates: Impact on the Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics in Mice
Authors: Attia Mohamed F. , Dieng Sidy M. , Collot Mayeul , Klymchenko Andrey S. , Bouillot Caroline , Serra Christophe A. , Schmutz Marc , Er‐Rafik Meriem , Vandamme Thierry F. , Anton Nicolas 
Published: March 2017

Efficiency of drug administration is related to the inhibition of adverse effects, and can be improved by drug targeting through lipid nanocarriers encapsulation. Targeting technology generally goes along with the nanocarrier functionalization that can be surface modification and/or ligand grafting. The great advantage of nanoemulsions is their loading capability and the possibilities to encapsulate several entities in a single droplet, however, the decoration of the lipid droplets with strongly anchored reactive functions is challenging. This study proposes a reliable and innovative method to functionalize lipid droplets, based on the lipophilic polymer poly(maleic anhydride‐alt‐1‐octadecene), solubilized in the droplet core, and able to hydrolyze at the oil/water interface. Interfacial chemistry and physicochemical properties of nanodroplets are characterized. In vitro studies reveal that the presence of carboxylates at interface has a strong impact on the interactions with cells, as the internalization of functionalized droplets is much higher than control ones. This difference is confirmed with longitudinal computed tomography studies in mice after i.v. administration, strongly impacting the pharmacokinetics and biodistributions. This work establishes the proof‐of‐concept of a new method for functionalizing lipid droplets and demonstrates that surface modification can have a significant impact on their interaction with cells, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution.
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Is the methanogenic community reflecting the methane emissions of river sediments?—comparison of two study sites
Authors: Chaudhary Prem Prashant , Rulík Martin , Blaser Martin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractStudies on methanogenesis from freshwater sediments have so far primarily focused on lake sediments. To expand our knowledge on the community composition of methanogenic archaea in river sediments, we studied the abundance and diversity of methanogenic archaea at two localities along a vertical profile (top 50 cm) obtained from sediment samples from Sitka stream (the Czech Republic). In this study, we compare two sites which previously have been shown to have a 10‐fold different methane emission. Archaeal and methanogen abundance were analyzed by real‐time PCR and T‐RFLP. Our results show that the absolute numbers for the methanogenic community (qPCR) are relatively stable along a vertical profile as well as for both study sites. This was also true for the archaeal community and for the three major methanogenic orders in our samples (Methanosarcinales, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanobacteriales). However, the underlying community structure (T‐RFLP) reveals different community compositions of the methanogens for both locations as well as for different depth layers and over different sampling times. In general, our data confirm that Methanosarcinales together with Methanomicrobiales are the two dominant methanogenic orders in river sediments, while members of Methanobacteriales contribute a smaller community and Methanocellales are only rarely present in this sediment. Our results show that the previously observed 10‐fold difference in methane emission of the two sites could not be explained by molecular methods alone.
31P magnetization transfer magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Assessing the activation induced change in cerebral ATP metabolic rates at 3 T
Authors: Chen Chen , Stephenson Mary C. , Peters Andrew , Morris Peter G. , Francis Susan T. , Gowland Penny A. 
Published: March 2017

PurposeIn vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) magnetization transfer (MT) provides a direct measure of neuronal activity at the metabolic level. This work aims to use functional 31P MRS‐MT to investigate the change in cerebral adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolic rates in healthy adults upon repeated visual stimuli.MethodsA magnetization saturation transfer sequence with narrowband selective saturation of γ‐ATP was developed for 31P MT experiments at 3 T.ResultsUsing progressive saturation of γ‐ATP, the intrinsic T1 relaxation times of phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) at 3 T were measured to be 5.1 ± 0.8 s and 3.0 ± 1.4 s, respectively. Using steady‐state saturation of γ‐ATP, a significant 24% ± 14% and 11% ± 7% increase in the forward creatine kinase (CK) pseudo‐first‐order reaction rate constant, k1, was observed upon visual stimulation in the first and second cycles, respectively, of a paradigm consisting of 10‐minute rest followed by 10‐minute stimulation, with the measured baseline k1 being 0.35 ± 0.04 s−1. No significant changes in forward ATP synthase reaction rate, PCr/γ‐ATP, Pi/γ‐ATP, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/γ‐ATP ratios, or intracellular pH were detected upon stimulation.ConclusionThis work demonstrates the potential of studying cerebral bioenergetics using functional 31P MRS‐MT to determine the change in the forward CK reaction rate at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 79:22–30, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of surface‐dissolution process multivariables on the morphology, mechanical properties, and crystallization of all‐aramid composites
Authors: Zhang Jian Min , Mousavi Zeinab , Soykeabkaew Nattkan , Peijs Ton 
Published: March 2017

A new type of self‐reinforced composite based on high‐performance aramid fibers was developed to produce an “all‐aramid” composite by applying a surface‐dissolution method to fuse poly(p‐phenyleneterephthalamide) (PPTA) fibers together. After immersion in concentrated (95%) sulphuric acid (H2SO4) for a selected period of time, partially dissolved fiber surfaces are converted into a PPTA matrix phase. Following extraction of sulphuric acid and drying, a consolidated composite structure is formed. By examining the microstructure and mechanical properties of all‐aramid composites, it was found in our previous study that the optimal immersion time of aramid fibers in 95% sulphuric acid was 120 s. In this article, other processing variables—including initial and final coagulation, coagulation time, consolidation pressure, and time—were regulated and their effects on the morphology, mechanical properties and, crystallization of all‐aramid composites were investigated and discussed. A series of optimal surface‐dissolution processing conditions were achieved to obtain the best‐achievable microstructure and mechanical properties of all‐aramid composites. All‐aramid composites prepared with these optimum conditions possess excellent mechanical properties along the direction of orientation with tensile strength of 1.44 GPa and tensile modulus of 76.8 GPa. As fiber, matrix, and interphase in all‐aramid composites are based on the same high‐temperature‐resistant PPTA polymer, these materials have the prospective potential for high‐temperature applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:3307–3316, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Solvent effects on the intramolecular charge transfer character of N,N‐diaryl dihydrophenazine catalysts for organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Ryan Matthew D. , Theriot Jordan C. , Lim Chern‐Hooi , Yang Haishen , G. Lockwood Andrew , Garrison Nathaniel G. , Lincoln Sarah R. , Musgrave Charles B. , Miyake Garret M. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe nature of intramolecular charge transfer (CT) of N,N‐diaryl dihydrophenazine photocatalysts (PCs) in different solvents is explored in context of their performance in organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O‐ATRP). PCs having a computationally predicted lowest energy excited state exhibiting CT character can operate a highly controlled O‐ATRP in a wide range of solvent polarities, from non‐polar hexanes to highly polar N,N‐dimethylacetamide. For PCs having a computationally predicted lowest energy excited state not possessing CT character, their ability to operate a controlled O‐ATRP is decreased. This study confirms the importance of CT character in the excited state for N,N‐diaryl dihydrophenazine PCs, and a deeper understanding of the activity of CT PCs has enabled the synthesis of polymers of low dispersity (<1.10) in a controlled fashion. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3017–3027
Comparative subproteomic analysis of clinically acquired fluoroquinolone resistance and ciprofloxacin stress in Salmonella Typhimurium DT104B
Authors: Correia Susana , Hébraud Michel , Chafsey Ingrid , Chambon Christophe , Viala Didier , Sáenz Yolanda , Capelo José Luis , Poeta Patrícia , Igrejas Gilberto 
Published: March 2017

PurposeAntimicrobial resistance is a worldwide public health threat and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium phage type DT104B multiresistant strains with additional quinolone resistance have been responsible for global outbreaks and high mortality. Quinolone resistance is known to be multifactorial but is still far from a complete understanding. To give new insights about the resistance mechanisms involved, this work aimed to evaluate subproteome changes between an S. Typhimurium DT104B clinical strain that acquired fluoroquinolone resistance after treatment (Se20) and its pretreatment parental strain (Se6), and also subproteome variations in Se20 under ciprofloxacin (CIP) stress (Se20+CIP).Experimental designThe proteomes were compared at the intracellular and membrane levels by a 2‐DE∼LC‐MS/MS and a shotgun LC‐MS/MS approach, respectively.ResultsIn total, 14 differentially abundant proteins were identified when comparing Se6 with Se20 and 91 were identified between Se20 and Se20+CIP. Several proteins with known and possible roles in quinolone resistance (AAC(6′)‐Ib‐cr4, OmpD, OmpX, GlmS, GlmU, H‐NS, etc.) were identified and discussed.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe great number of proteins identified in this study provides important information about mechanism‐related differential protein expression which supports the current knowledge and might lead to new testable hypotheses on the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolone drugs.
Mobility experience and mobility decision‐making: An experiment on permanent migration and residential multilocality
Authors: Petzold Knut 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIn the course of increasing labour market flexibility, more complex forms of circular mobility, such as residential multilocality, have evolved. A life course approach may help understand moving intentions and moving behaviours across the life span. However, the dependencies between various phases of circular residential mobility in individual biographies have been under‐explored. Applying a general cost–benefit approach, we assume that a previous experience with circular mobility may help reduce uncertainties in decision‐making on subsequent residential mobility, and may strengthen specific mobility dispositions. A factorial survey experiment was employed to analyse whether and how the prior experience with residential multilocality affects subsequent decision‐making on permanent migration and residential multilocality. A sample of academic staff of a university for science and technology in Switzerland (ETH Zurich) received hypothetical job offers in order to measure their mobility intentions. Results show that, on receiving a sufficiently beneficial job offer, multilocality is slightly favoured by respondents having experience in this kind of mobility. Migration costs impede migration intentions and encourage intentions for multilocality. The assessment of the transition costs varies and housing costs play a minor role. When considering multilocal living, respondents with and without experience with residential multilocality exhibited substantial differences in how transition and housing costs are evaluated. This was not the case, however, when they considered migrating.