bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of thermal crosslinking on the properties of sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfone)s as proton conductive membranes
Authors: Zhang Yaojian , Kim Je‐Deok , Miyatake Kenji 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe synthesis and characterization of crosslinked aromatic polymer membranes with high ion exchange capacity (IEC) values are reported. Through aromatic nucleophilic substitution polycondensation and the subsequent sulfonation reaction, the highly sulfonated polymers SPPSU‐2S and SPPSU‐4S with high molecular weight (Mn = 138–145 kDa, Mw = 200–279 kDa) and well‐defined structures were synthesized. By solution casting and thermal annealing treatment, flexible crosslinked membranes with high solvent insolubility were obtained. The membranes exhibited mechanical and chemical stability as confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and conductivity measurement. The crosslinked SPPSU‐4S membrane with IEC = 3.20 meq/g showed the highest proton conductivity of 0.163 S/cm at 120 °C, 90% RH, and improved thermal stability compared with its precursor (uncrosslinked) membrane. The results show that simple annealing method could improve significantly membranes properties of highly sulfonated aromatic polymers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44218.
Steric and Electronic Effects of Bidentate Phosphine Ligands on Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Zhang Pan , Ni Shao‐Fei , Dang Li 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe reactivity difference between the hydrogenation of CO2 catalyzed by various ruthenium bidentate phosphine complexes was explored by DFT. In addition to the ligand dmpe (Me2PCH2CH2PMe2), which was studied experimentally previously, a more bulky diphosphine ligand, dmpp (Me2PCH2CH2CH2PMe2), together with a more electron‐withdrawing diphosphine ligand, PNMeP (Me2PCH2NMeCH2PMe2), have been studied theoretically to analyze the steric and electronic effects on these catalyzed reactions. Results show that all of the most favorable pathways for the hydrogenation of CO2 catalyzed by bidentate phosphine ruthenium dihydride complexes undergo three major steps: cis–trans isomerization of ruthenium dihydride complex, CO2 insertion into the Ru−H bond, and H2 insertion into the ruthenium formate ion. Of these steps, CO2 insertion into the Ru−H bond has the lowest barrier compared with the other two steps in each preferred pathway. For the hydrogenation of CO2 catalyzed by ruthenium complexes of dmpe and dmpp, cis–trans isomerization of ruthenium dihydride complex has a similar barrier to that of H2 insertion into the ruthenium formate ion. However, in the reaction catalyzed by the PNMePRu complex, cis–trans isomerization of the ruthenium dihydride complex has a lower barrier than H2 insertion into the ruthenium formate ion. These results suggest that the steric effect caused by the change of the outer sphere of the diphosphine ligand on the reaction is not clear, although the electronic effect is significant to cis–trans isomerization and H2 insertion. This finding refreshes understanding of the mechanism and provides necessary insights for ligand design in transition‐metal‐catalyzed CO2 transformation.
Determination of pholcodine in syrups and human plasma using the chemiluminescence system of tris(1,10 phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) and acidic Ce(IV)
Authors: Delouei Nastaran Jafari , Mokhtari Ali , Jamali Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPholcodine is an opiate derivative drug which is widely used in pediatric medicine. In this study, a chemiluminescence (CL) method is described that determines pholcodine in human plasma and syrup samples. This method is based on the fact that pholcodine can greatly enhance the weak CL emission of reaction between tris(1,10 phenanthroline)ruthenium(II), Ru(phen)32+, and acidic Ce(IV). The CL mechanism is described in detail using UV–vis light, fluorescence and CL spectra. Effects of chemical variables were investigated and under optimum conditions, CL intensity was proportional to the pholcodine concentration over the range 4.0 × 10−8 to 8.0 × 10−6 mol L−1. The limit of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3) was 2.5 × 10−8 mol L−1. Percent of relative standard deviations (%RSD) for 3.0 × 10−7 and 3.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 of pholcodine was 2.9 and 4.0%, respectively. Effects of common ingredients were investigated and the method was applied successfully to the determination of pholcodine in syrup samples and human plasma.
Catalyst‐Free Difunctionalization of Activated Alkenes in Water: Efficient Synthesis of β‐Keto Sulfides and Sulfones
Authors: Wang Huamin , Wang Guangyu , Lu Qingquan , Chiang Chien‐Wei , Peng Pan , Zhou Jiufu , Lei Aiwen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDifunctionalization of activated alkenes, a powerful strategy in chemical synthesis, has been accomplished for direct synthesis of a series of β‐keto sulfides and β‐keto sulfones. The transformation, mediated by O2, proceeds smoothly in water and without any catalyst. Prominent advantages of this method include mild reaction conditions, purification simplicity, and gram‐scale synthesis, underlining the practical utility of this methodology.
Neon‐Bearing Ammonium Metal Formates: Formation and Behaviour under Pressure
Authors: Collings Ines E. , Bykova Elena , Bykov Maxim , Petitgirard Sylvain , Hanfland Michael , Paliwoda Damian , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Dubrovinskaia Natalia 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe incorporation of noble gas atoms, in particular neon, into the pores of network structures is very challenging due to the weak interactions they experience with the network solid. Using high‐pressure single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, we demonstrate that neon atoms enter into the extended network of ammonium metal formates, thus forming compounds Nex[NH4][M(HCOO)3]. This phenomenon modifies the compressional and structural behaviours of the ammonium metal formates under pressure. The neon atoms can be clearly localised within the centre of [M(HCOO)3]5 cages and the total saturation of this site is achieved after ∼1.5 GPa. We find that by using argon as the pressure‐transmitting medium, the inclusion inside [NH4][M(HCOO)3] is inhibited due to the larger size of the argon. This study illustrates the size selectivity of [NH4][M(HCOO)3] compounds between neon and argon insertion under pressure, and the effect of inclusion on the high‐pressure behaviour of neon‐bearing ammonium metal formates.
Multifunctional Mixed Micelles for Efficient Docetaxol Delivery for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Pei , He Wenxiu , Zhang Huiyuan , Huang Chunzhi , Zhao Dujuan , Luan Yuxia 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to build mixed micelles based on two functional co‐polymers, including the redox‐sensitive polymer–drug conjugate methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(γ‐benzyl l‐glutamate)‐disulfide‐docetaxel (PEG–PBLG‐SS‐DTX) and the actively targeting methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)–folic acid (PEG–FA), for enhanced target specificity and improved anticancer efficiency of docetaxel (DTX). The spherical PEG–PBLG‐SS‐DTX/PEG–FA mixed micelles prepared by the dialysis method revealed a narrowly distributed size at 129.7±2.1 nm with low polydispersity of 0.10±0.02. Furthermore, the critical micelle concentration of the mixed micelles was 5.08 μg mL−1, indicating excellent self‐assembly ability in water and stability against dilution in blood circulation. The in vitro release study revealed that the conjugated DTX was rapidly released in response to dl‐dithiothreitol (DTT), a reducing agent. Only 12.3 % of DTX was released from the mixed micelles after 120 h in the absence of DTT. However, the accumulative release of DTX dramatically accelerated and reached more than 40 % in 120 h after addition of DTT. The in vitro cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and cell apoptosis experiments on the mixed micelles were performed using MTT assay, fluorescence inverted microscopy and flow cytometric analysis, and 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining, respectively, on folate receptor (FR)‐negative A549 and FR‐positive MCF‐7 cells. The mixed micelles could be taken up efficiently by MCF‐7 cells by FR‐mediated endocytosis compared with PEG–PBLG‐SS‐DTX micelles. Furthermore, remarkable cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis were identified for the mixed micelles against MCF‐7 cells, which was consistent with the results of the cellular uptake study. On the basis of these results, the redox‐sensitive PEG–PBLG‐SS‐DTX/PEG–FA mixed micelles using FA as a targeting ligand revealed prominent antitumor efficiency and might be a latent drug carrier for cancer chemotherapy.
Analysis of a balanced analog multiplier for an arbitrary number of signed inputs
Authors: Hong Brian , Hajimiri Ali 
Published: August 2016

SummaryWe present an extension of the double‐balanced current‐commutating analog multiplier (also known as the Gilbert cell) that enables the multiplication of an arbitrary number of signed differential input voltages. A general analysis of the circuit for an arbitrary device nonlinearity is provided, and simulations on a bulk CMOS process as well as measurement results of a discrete bipolar implementation are reported. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychosocial Well‐being of Siblings of Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: van Langenberg Tanja , Sawyer Susan M. , Le Grange Daniel , Hughes Elizabeth K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveAnorexia nervosa (AN) is often first diagnosed in the adolescent years. The treatment with the greatest evidence during this time is family‐based treatment (FBT). In FBT, siblings are expected to attend treatment sessions; however, sibling well‐being during this time has not been well researched. This study aimed to explore sibling well‐being when the ill child was initially diagnosed with AN and after FBT had been completed.MethodEighty‐five parents and 55 siblings of adolescents with AN completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at diagnosis. In addition, 88 parents and 46 siblings completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire after finishing treatment.ResultsMothers and fathers reported siblings to have lower levels of conduct problems in comparison with population norms. Mothers also reported lower levels of prosocial behaviours. Siblings reported higher levels of emotional difficulties and hyperactivity in comparison with their peers. There were no differences in reported psychosocial well‐being of siblings between diagnosis and following FBT.ConclusionsSiblings of adolescents with AN have poorer psychosocial adjustment than their peers, both before and after FBT. Clinicians and parents are encouraged to be aware of sibling difficulties and seek additional support if required. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Vertical Articulation of Cut Scores Across the Grades: Current Practices and Methodological Implications in the Light of the Next Generation of K–12 Assessments
Authors: Kannan Priya 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFederal accountability requirements after the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 and the need to report progress for various disaggregated subgroups of students meant that the methods used to set and articulate performance standards across the grades must be revisited. Several solutions that involve either a priori deliberations or post‐hoc adjustments have been offered over the years. In this paper, I provide a methodological review of the alternative cut‐score articulation methods, including some novel solutions (e.g., using predictive methods) that have been proposed in the context of the next‐generation K–12 assessments. In systematically evaluating these methods, I focus on the psychometric challenges they might present and the practical feasibility of their operational implementation. In addition, results from a survey of several state departments of education help to provide information on the prevalence of these methods across the states. Overall, this review shows that none of the alternative methods is completely free of limitation; yet, each method provides solutions that are appropriate for addressing certain methodological and practical requirements. Therefore, in the context of the next‐generation assessments and the need to identify students who are on track to being college and career ready, practitioners are advised to consider a combination of methods and cautioned against overreliance on any single method.
Effects of Beach Nourishment and the Influence of Irrigation Water Discharge on Byunsan Beach, West Coast, Korea
Authors: Choi Jin‐Yong , Park Jun‐Yong , Choi Jung‐Hoon , Lee Jeong‐Min 
Published: August 2016

AbstractByunsan Beach located on the west coast of Korea has been undergoing significant erosion in recent years during and after the construction of a large tidal embankment, the Saemanguem Dike, mostly because of the blocking of the sand supply from rivers. To reduce and prevent beach erosion, the Korean government decided to carry out beach nourishment in May 2012 just before the summer season. In order to monitor the performance of beach nourishment, precise measurements of beach morphology were taken 21 times during a 1‐year period from May 2012 to April 2013 by using a RTK‐GPS system. The result showed that the beach nourishment preserved the beach effectively, based on the fact that most of the additional sand remained on the beach after 1 year. Although a local part of the beach was severely eroded by a heavy volume of irrigation discharge during the summer rainy spell, it recovered within a short period of time. As a major erosional event the whole area of the beach experienced massive erosion in a strong cyclone, Typhoon Sanba, in September 2012, but the beach recovered rapidly after the typhoon. Sediment accumulation also took place during the winter season, retaining the sand and aiding recovery of the beach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of Runoff Ratios of Pesticide Residue from Paddy Fields Using the RICEWQ Model
Authors: Jin So‐Hyun , Choi Dong‐Ho , Yoon Kwang‐Sik , Choi Woo‐Jung , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRunoff ratios, of losses by runoff to applied amounts, of pesticides butachlor, oxadiazone, chlorpyrifos‐me, diazinon, 2,4‐D and carbaryl were estimated using the RICEWQ model in certain paddy fields. To reflect the actual water management by farmers, the water balance of a paddy field in Korea was monitored. A hydrology submodel was calibrated with observed field data. Laboratory incubation tests were conducted and the decaying pesticide concentrations monitored. Parameters for the pesticide submodel were determined by using incubation test results after calibration. The RICEWQ model simulated runoff and concentrations of the pesticide using the calibrated hydrologic and pesticide submodels under a conventional pesticide application scenario. The runoff ratio of each pesticide was estimated based on simulation results. When the application date of the pesticide was varied up to 7 days, the runoff ratios of butachlor, oxadiazone, chlorpyrifos‐me, diazinon, 2,4‐D and carbaryl varied between 13.1 ~ 17.5, 1.2 ~ 1.4, 0.57 ~ 0.66, 12.0 ~ 20.5, 21.9 ~ 28.9 and 12.7 ~ 14.3%, respectively. In general, pesticides with a longer half‐life and a lower soil‐water partitioning coefficient for organic compounds (Koc) resulted in a higher runoff ratio. The simulation results showed that proper application practice and drainage management are to be recommended to reduce the runoff ratio of pesticides. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shoulder arthritis secondary to rotator cuff tear: A reproducible murine model and histopathologic scoring system
Authors: Zingman Alissa , Li Hiayan , Sundem Leigh , DeHority Becca , Geary Michael , Fussel Theron , Mooney Robert , Zuscik Michael , Elfar John 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTUntreated rotator cuff tears can progress to a distinct form of shoulder arthritis, and the mechanism of this progression is poorly understood. Biomechanical, molecular and genetic factors may be at play, and a reliable animal model is needed to enable further research. The purpose of this study was to create a reproducible model of posttraumatic shoulder arthritis in the mouse, and to develop a scoring system for this model to enable future research on interventions, the role of various gene products, and the development of therapies to alter the natural course of the disease. Forty‐five mice underwent operative ligation of the rotator cuff tendons and were followed for 45 weeks following surgery, with free cage activity post‐operatively. Mice were sacrificed at various intervals from 2 to 45 weeks post‐injury and histopathologic scoring was developed and tested by blinded reviewers using both quantitative computational analysis of coronal sections of the shoulder joint and semi‐quantitative grading. The scoring system revealed a progressive, time‐dependent set of tissue changes in the shoulder joint with features similar to human cuff tear arthropathy including acetabularization of the acromion and femoralization of the humeral head. This model establishes that osteoarthritis of the shoulder is distinct from osteoarthritis of the knee or hip, with different stages of degeneration and unique histopathologic features. Using the novel grading procedure and quantitative assessments presented here, future research using this model will enable investigators to test established and novel therapies and evaluate the role of inflammatory factors and gene products in shoulder arthritis. This study provides a reproducible mouse model of shoulder arthritis following isolated injury to the rotator cuff which elucidates characteristics of cuff tear arthropathy and provides a scoring system and venue for future research. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:506–514, 2017.
Intensification of Upland Agriculture in Thailand: Development or Degradation?
Authors: Bruun Thilde Bech , de Neergaard Andreas , Burup Maria Libach , Hepp Catherine Maria , Larsen Marianne Nylandsted , Abel Christin , Aumtong Supathida , Magid Jakob , Mertz Ole 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe large scale conversion of extensive swidden agriculture to intensive market oriented production of maize in upland areas of South East Asia is a cause of environmental concern. This study investigates how intensive maize cultivation affects soil quality in an upland area of Northern Thailand by comparing commonly used indicators of soil quality in soils from maize fields used at various intensities. Relations between these indicators and concentration of permanganate oxidizable carbon (Pox‐C) – a low cost proxy for soil quality – are also examined. The extent, type and drivers of land use changes between 2002 and 2012 are investigated by classification of high resolution satellite images, interviews, participatory mapping and questionnaires. We document a widespread change from traditional swidden agriculture to intensive cultivation of maize that is mainly brought about by economcic and political drivers. We show that the concentration of Pox‐C in the top soil of the maize fields is closely related to common indicators of soil quality and to farmers' perceptions of soil quality. Most of the other soil quality indicators are negatively – albeit not significantly – related to intensity of maize cultivation. There is a strong negative correlation between intensity of maize cultivation and concentration of Pox‐C in the upper 5 cm of the soil where the Pox‐C concentration declines with a rate of 40 mg year under maize−1. We conclude that Pox‐C is a sensitive indicator of effects of land use intensity on the soil and a useful integrative measure of soil quality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an adverse events reporting form for Korean folk medicine
Authors: Park Jeong Hwan , Choi Sun‐Mi , Moon Sujeong , Kim Sungha , Kim Boyoung , Kim Min‐Kyeoung , Lee Sanghun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeWe developed an adverse events (AEs) reporting form for Korean folk medicine.MethodsThe first version of the form was developed and tested in the clinical setting for spontaneous reporting of AEs. Additional revisions to the reporting form were made based on collected data and expert input.ResultsWe developed an AEs reporting form for Korean folk medicine. The items of this form were based on patient information, folk medicine properties, and AEs. For causality assessment, folk medicine properties such as classification, common and vernacular names, scientific name, part used, harvesting time, storage conditions, purchasing route, product licensing, prescription, persons with similar exposure, any remnant of raw natural products collected from the patient, and cautions or contraindications were added.ConclusionsThis is the first reporting form for AEs that incorporates important characteristics of Korean folk medicine. This form would have an important role in reporting adverse events for Korean folk medicine. © 2016 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Evaluating an Organizational‐Level Occupational Health Intervention in a Combined Regression Discontinuity and Randomized Control Design
Authors: Sørensen Ole H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOrganizational‐level occupational health interventions have great potential to improve employees' health and well‐being. However, they often compare unfavourably to individual‐level interventions. This calls for improving methods for designing, implementing and evaluating organizational interventions. This paper presents and discusses the regression discontinuity design because, like the randomized control trial, it is a strong summative experimental design, but it typically fits organizational‐level interventions better. The paper explores advantages and disadvantages of a regression discontinuity design with an embedded randomized control trial. It provides an example from an intervention study focusing on reducing sickness absence in 196 preschools. The paper demonstrates that such a design fits the organizational context, because it allows management to focus on organizations or workgroups with the most salient problems. In addition, organizations may accept an embedded randomized design because the organizations or groups with most salient needs receive obligatory treatment as part of the regression discontinuity design. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Renovation of Optically Active Phenanthrolines as Powerful Chiral Ligands for Versatile Asymmetric Metal Catalysis
Authors: Naganawa Yuki , Nishiyama Hisao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn the field of asymmetric synthesis, the development of new chiral ligands has been regarded as an attractive challenge for decades. Novel chiral ligands can often have a great impact on synthetic protocols. In this context, we are currently interested in the application of 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) as an entirely new class of chiral ligand. To handle this issue, we designed a chiral phen ligand that provides the N,N,O‐tridentate coordination of the phen moiety and an additional phenolic hydroxyl group. As phen possesses greater coordination ability with various ions, our chiral phen ligand would be valuable as one of the "privileged" chiral ligands applied to a broad range of metal catalysts and new reactions. This account summarizes the results of the application of the chiral phen ligand to various kinds of metal catalysis.
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