bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a phase III randomized trial of chemoradiation and systemic chemotherapy vs. systemic chemotherapy alone in patients with unresectable nonmetastatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Chopra Supriya , Engineer Reena , Mathew Ashwathy Susan , Mehta Shaesta , Ostwal Vikas , Goel Mahesh , Rajamanickam Karthick , Patil Prachi , Gupta Sudeep , Shetty Nitin , Kannan Sadhana , Polnaya Ashwin , Patkar Shraddha , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Agarwal Archi , Ramadwar Mukta , Shrikhande Shailesh , Joshi Kishore , Dandpani Epili , Shrivastava Shyam Kishore 
Published: January 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Systemic doublet chemotherapy constitutes the current standard of care for patients with unresectable non-metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. The use of doublet chemotherapy is associated with median survival of 11.7 months. Concurrent chemo-radiation in this cohort is associated with similar overall survival however the impact of combination of chemoradiation and systemic chemotherapy on overall survival has not been investigated. The present phase III randomized study investigates the impact of chemoradiation in addition to systemic chemotherapy on overall survival.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients older than 18 years of age with diagnosis of unresectable non-metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with performance status 0-2and preserved liver function (Child Pugh score up to B7) will be eligible for study participation. The trial is designed such that patients will undergo stratified randomization (extra-hepatic vs. intrahepatic) either into systemic chemotherapy (standard arm) or chemo-radiation and systemic chemotherapy arm (experimental arm). The primary aim of the study is to compare difference in overall survival. The secondary aims of the study will focus on loco regional progression free survival and cause specific survival. The study will also report on the acute and late toxicity, quality of life and resectability rates in both the study arms. To demonstrate 7-month improvement in overall survival from 11 to 18 months a sample size of 142 is needed. Accounting for attrition a total of 155 patients will be accrued. All study subjects will be accrued after written informed consent. The trial is approved by the institutional ethics review board.</p><p>This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02773485</p>
Conformity assessment of drugs used by the elderly in terms of the beers criteria
Authors: Terzi Handan , Kitiş Yeter 
Published: January 2017

Background: The risk of drug-drug interactions is more probable among the elderly population than that of the young patients, and this emerges as a potentially vital issue. Therefore, this survey aims to describe the conformity assessment of drugs used by the elderly in terms of The Beers Criteria.Methods:This descriptive study was conducted at two different nursing-homes with 301 seniors. The-AGS-2012-Beers-Criteria-List and a questionnaire, assessing the socio-demographic characteristics and the health-condition/illness-history of the elderly, were used in collecting the data. The data were gathered July 2013-July 2014, and evaluated via SPSS 16.0. Descriptive-statistics and the chi-square-test were used to identify the data.Results: The mean-age was 79.01±8.13. The most-common co-morbidity was brain-and-nervous-system-disorders, with a rate of 31.1%. The average-number of chronic-diseases was 3.5±1; three and more co-morbidity rate of the individuals was 70.8%. The mean-quantity-of-medicine was 5.4±3.24. The most-frequently-used-drugs were Antidementia/Alzheimer's-Disease and Non-Steroidal-Anti-Inflammatory-Drugs (NSAIDs) 37.5% and 33.2% respectively. It was stated that 21.1% of-all-the-medication consumed-by-the seniors were “risky-to-use” according to The Beers Criteria. It was also reported that 23.8% of-all-medication used by the 65-74 age-group, 19% of-all-drugs used by the 75-84 age-interval, and 21.2% of-all-the medicine consumed by the 85-and-older-group were found “inappropriate” in terms of The Beers Criteria.Conclusions:In conclusion, the seniors have consumed a large-quantity-of-medicine; a significant-portion was concluded to be inappropriate-for-use in terms of the drug-drug and the drug-disease interactions according to The Beers Criteria. Nursing-home-health-care-professionals should re-assess the-medication-plans of the elderly by considering the-interaction-related-problems and should be aware of the potential-risks-of-the-drugs was suggested.
Safety of intradermal rabies vaccine as pre-exposure prophylaxis among veterinary students
Authors: H. S. Ravish , M. Aravind , D. H. Ashwath Narayana , P. Yannick , M. S. Phaneendra 
Published: January 2017

Background: Animal bites are a major public health problem in our country. Pre-exposure vaccination using cell culture vaccines is a safe and effective method of preventing rabies and is recommended for anyone who will be at continual, frequent or increased risk of exposure to the rabies virus, as a result of their occupation, such as veterinarians, animal handlers and laboratory workers dealing with any lyssaviruses. The present study was done to assess the safety of purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine administered as pre-exposure regimen.Methods:The present study assessed the safety of purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine administered as a 3 dose intradermal pre-exposure vaccination in healthy volunteered veterinary students of Government Veterinary College, Bangalore. Results: 122 apparently healthy adults of both sex, between 18 and 30 years of age were enrolled in the study and 105 (86%) completed all three doses. A total of 342 doses of intradermal vaccine were administered, among which 38 adverse reactions were reported from 19 veterinary students. The adverse reactions were pain at the injection site 7 (2.1%), redness 13 (3.8%), itching at the site of injection 11 (3.2%), induration 6 (1.8%) and headache 1 (0.3%). All reactions subsided without any complication and none of them dropped out from the study because of any adverse drug reactions. Conclusions:Pre-exposure vaccination is a useful tool for protecting high risk groups and purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine has proved to be safe and well tolerated by intradermal route.
The relationship between frequency of fogging focus and incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in Bandung in year 2010-2015
Authors: Yee Li Yue , Heryaman Henhen , Faridah Lia 
Published: January 2017

Background: Incidence rate of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Bandung city is still considerably high over the years. There is no well-documented example of the effectiveness of fogging focus and there is no data on fogging focus activities that have been undertaken by Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between frequency of fogging focus and incidence of DHF cases in Bandung from year 2010 to 2015.Methods: An analytical observational study with cross sectional design was conducted from September 2016 to November 2016. Population of this research was all DHF patients in Bandung. Data collected was analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient.Results: Correlation between frequency of fogging focus and incidence of DHF cases was significant (p<0.05). Correlation coefficient of 0.703 is indicative of a strong positive correlation between the two variables.Conclusions: Frequency of fogging focus and incidence of DHF cases are positively correlated. This indicates that the higher the frequency of fogging focus, the higher the incidence of DHF cases.
Knowledge and awareness towards dengue infection and its prevention: a cross sectional study from rural area of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Chellaiyan Vinoth Gnana , Manoharan Aravind , Ramachandran Murali 
Published: January 2017

Background: Dengue infection transmitted by Aedes aegypti is endemic in India. Environmental changes and lack of awareness result in increase in transmission of dengue infection and rise in dengue outbreaks. The present study was conducted to determine the knowledge of dengue infection and practices towards dengue prevention among a rural population in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu.Methods:The study was cross sectional study, conducted in Kadambadi village of Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu. The study was conducted among 224 study participants from June - August 2016. Systematic random sampling was followed for selecting the houses. A pretested, semi structured questionnaire was used. Significance of difference in proportions (qualitative variables) was calculated using Chi square test. Significance of p value was taken as p< 0.05.Results: Among the study participants, 210 (93.7%) heard about dengue infection. Fifty percent of participants responded correctly the symptoms of dengue infection. 89% responded correctly that dengue is transmitted by Aedes mosquito. Around 40% of the participants had correct knowledge about the breeding habitat and biting habit of Aedes mosquito. Study participants use various methods - mosquito coils (63.4%), mosquito nets (14.7%) for mosquito bite prevention. 24.1% does not follow any method of mosquito bite prevention.Conclusions:Though majority of the study participants heard about dengue symptoms and mosquito transmitting dengue infection, less than half were aware about breeding habits of Aedes mosquito and 25% did not follow any method of mosquito bite prevention practices. Community awareness is a key role in improvising dengue prevention practices.
Study of lifestyle disease risk factors among school going adolescents of urban Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Mahmood Syed Esam , Bilal Khan Khan Mohammad , Agrawal Ajay Kumar 
Published: January 2017

Background: The rising burden of preventable risk factors for life style diseases among adolescents is a major public health challenge worldwide. This study was conducted to identify the preventable risk factors for life style diseases in adolescents.Methods:This cross-sectional study was undertaken amongst adolescents studying in senior secondary schools of urban Bareilly using purposive sampling. The students were surveyed through a self administered questionnaire after taking consent from their principal. Dietary practices, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol use were assessed. Blood pressure and body mass index were measured. The data was analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Out of 250 participants, majority (62.0%) were males. Only 4.8% were currently using tobacco while 3.2% respondents admitted having consumed alcohol in last 30 days. Only 28.8% did brisk walking and cycling for at least 30 minutes continuously thrice a week. Nearly 22.4% were involved in moderate intensity sports while 20.4% in vigorous intensity sports. Nearly 5.6% regularly practiced yoga. About 52.4% were non vegetarians. Nearly 70.8% consumed adverse food items such as fried food, cheese, butter, meat, egg, sweetened drinks, pizza, burger, bakery items, pickles and sauces daily. Only 64% consumed fruits while 75.6% consumed vegetables for at least three days in a typical week. Also 24.4% added extra salt to cooked food items. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 12.0%. About 64.4% were underweight, while 7.6% were overweight.Conclusions:Adoption of healthy lifestyles by all adolescents is critical for the prevention of lifestyle diseases.
Comportamiento del SDS localizado en la región interfacial del sistema agua/n-octano. Un estudio usando dinámica molecular
Authors: Parra José Gregorio , Aray Yosslen R. 
Published: January 2017

En este trabajo, usando dinámica molecular se determinaron las propiedades interfaciales y el comportamiento del Dodecil Sulfato de Sodio (SDS) ubicado en la región interfacial de los sistemas vacío/agua y agua/n-octano. La tensión interfacial fue estimada con el modelo propuesto por Kirkwood y Buff [23]. A su vez, los espesores de película interfacial fueron determinados usando los criterios 10-90 y 90-90. Además, el área por molécula fue estimado con la variación de la presión superficial en función de la concentración del surfactante. En los sistemas vacío/SDS/agua, el área por molécula del SDS fue obtenida con dos procedimientos diferentes. Los valores fueron 53.3 Å2 y 54.3 Å2, respectivamente. Para los sistemas agua/n-octano y agua/SDS/n-octano, los espesores de película interfacial aumentan en función del número de moléculas de surfactantes presentes en la región interfacial. Los resultados obtenidos son consistentes con datos medidos por experimentación.
Mechanical Properties and Biodegradability of Bamboo and Sengon Wood Thin Sheets Reinforced Poly Latic Acid (PLA) Biocomposites)
Authors: Sujito S. , Munawaroh Hanim , Purwandari Endhah 
Published: January 2017

Development of biocomposite materials based on natural fibers and environmentally friendly resins to replace composite materials made from plastic and synthetic fibers give the consideration that the biocomposite materials are environmentally friendly materials. In this paper, we discuss the synthesis and characterization of biocomposite materials using a combination of thin sheets of bamboo reinforcement and resin sengon and poly lactic acid (PLA). As controls were also carried out the synthesis and characterization of biocomposite material with a thin layer of reinforcement only sengon bamboo and wood. Characterization of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the material is done by using the Tensile Test Machine ASTM D 638. In the mean time, biodegradability of materials are observed made by the method of burial for 1-4 weeks. Tensile test results show that the biocomposite material reinforced with a thin sheet bamboo has a tensile strength and modulus of elasticity greater than that of the other biocomposite materials produced in this study. Meanwhile, biocomposite materials with thin layers of wood sengon reinforced easily biodegradable (dG = 13.21 ± 0.59)%, compared to a biocomposite material with a thin layer of bamboo reinforcement (dG = 10.69 ± 0.79)%. From these results it can be concluded that the composite material with a thin layer of bamboo boosters are more likely to be applied to replace metallic materials.Keywords: Biocomposites, tensile strength, elastic modulus, biodegradability, bamboo and sengon wood thin layer.
Flowering Development of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour) ‘Diamond river’
Authors: Suwardining Tyas Pining , Setyati Dwi , Umiyah Umiyah 
Published: January 2017

‘Diamond river’ is introduction plant that cultivated in Indonesian. Development of longan flower divided into eight stadium during 28 days. First and second stadium is the induction phase that lasts for 8 days, this phase is characterized by a change in color of the leaves become older by using the Munsell color charts for plant tissues indicate the scale of 7.5 GY (4/4) to GY 7.5 scale (3\2). Third stadium is the phase of flower initiation occurred by day eigth. Initiation stage appearance were showed by merristem axilar, which will form part of primordial flower. Fourth to seventh stadium are phase that a differentiation occurred on day 12 to day 24. Differentiation phase showed the development in suitable with the typical angiosperms are sepals, stamens, petals and pistils. Eighth stadium is the phase of anthesis occurred on day 28. In the phase of anthesis, flowers have undergone a process of pollination and fertilization. Keywords: Development, Diamond river, Flowering, stadium
The Efficiency of First (GEE1) and Second (GEE2) Order “Generalized Estimating Equations” for Longitudinal Data
Authors: Hidayati Rizka Dwi , Tirta I Made , Dewi Yuliani Setia 
Published: January 2017

The approach of GEE focuses on a linear model for the mean of the observations in the cluster without full specification the distribution of full-on observation. GEE is a marginal model where is not based on the full likelihood of the response, but only based on the relationship between the mean (first moment) and variance (second moment) as well as the correlation matrix. The advantage of GEE is that the mean of parameter are estimated consistently regardless whether the correlation structure is specified correctly or not, as long as the mean has the correct specifications. However, the efficiency may be reduced when the working correlation structure is wrong. GEE was designed to focus on the marginal mean and correlation structure as nuisiance treat. Implementation of GEE is usually limited to the number of working correlation structure (eg AR-1, exchangeable, independent, m-dependent and unstructured). To increase the efficiency of the GEE, has introduced a variation called the Generalized Estimating Equations order 2 (GEE2). GEE2 has been introduced to overcome the problem that considers correlation GEE as nuisiance, by applying the second equation to estimate covariance parameters and solved simultaneously with the first equation. This study used simulation data which are designed based on the the AR-1 and Exchangeable correlation structure, then estimation are done using theAR1 and exchangeable. For GEE2, estimation done by adding model for correlation link. The result is a link affects the efficiency of the model correlation is shown with standard error values ​​generated by GEE2 method is smaller than the GEE method.
Profile of Interleukin-4 and Interferon-γ of Balb/c Mice after Salivary Gland Extract of Anopheles sundaicus s.l. Vaccination and Infected by Plasmodium berghei-ANKA
Authors: Machrus Ali , Adrial Adrial , Armiyanti Yunita , Wiyono Hidayat Teguh , Senjarini Kartika 
Published: January 2017

Malaria infection is initiated when sporozoites are inoculated into a vertebrate host via the salivary glands of an Anopheles mosquito. During Anopheles bite, the salivary glands release components that include vasomodulator and immunomodulators. The salivary components of vectors have important role in transmission of pathogen. Therefore, if these components were injected repeatedly into a vertebrate host, it can stimulate host immune system and inhibit the transmission of the pathogen into the host. This could be observed the increasing level of IFN-γ and decreasing level of IL-4 in mice model of malaria after vaccination with salivary gland ekstract (SGE) from An sundaicus s.l. It has also been proven that this mechanisms was related with pathogen of malaria. This was supported by the reduction of parasitemie rate in those mice model after infection by P. Berghei. Keywords: An sundaicus s.l., IFN-γ, IL-4,immunomodulators, salivary gland , TBV
Palm Cooking Oil Refraction Index Measurement Using Single Slit Fraunhofer Diffraction Method
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Misto Misto , Hartanti Yulia 
Published: January 2017

Palm cooking oil refraction index measurement has been done in several temperature using single slit Fraunhofer diffraction method. Ratio between diffraction patterns at the air dan solution medium can be used to determine its refraction index. Using aquades as sample, was obtained refractive index 1.331 with the discrepancy 0.038%. Based on the refractive indexs measured for each temperature were obtained linear equation model: Y=-(0,00145±0,00021)X+(1,54232±0,01757)where R = -0,97266 and R^2=0,94606. Temperature changes influence strongly to refractive index changes of palm cooking oil sample, changes both inversely. Gradient of 0.00145 indicate that refractive index of palm cooking oil sample decrease slowly, so the quality is still good. Keywords : Palm Coocing oil, refractive index, temperature, Fraunhofer diffraction method
The Analysis of Pb and Cu levels in Canned fish and Sauces for the Storage Time
Authors: Erfiandika Hefinda , Asnawati Asnawati , Ratnadewi Anak Agung Istri 
Published: January 2017

Lead (Pb) is pollutant that found in canned foods which derived from the soldering between the can and the lead. Copper (Cu) is one of material which one tin packaging can be oxidized and dissolved in acidic foods. Pb and Cu are not dangerous at lowest but it can cause botulism in gross. The storage time can affect the solubility of the metals. The purpose of the research is to know levels metal Pb and Cu in fishes and sauces canned and compared with limit BPOM. The limit of BPOM in canned fish for metal Pb is 0,3 ppm and for metal Cu is 5 ppm. The steps of the method are optimization the method of destruction and the measurement using Atomic Absorption Spectrofometry (SSA). The result shows that the storage time give effect to the greater of metal Pb and Cu in fish and sauce.The content of metal Pb in all sample exceeded the limit of BPOM. The content of metal Cu in sample A does not exceed in fish and sauce. The first month of sample B does not exceed, but the sixth month up to the twenty fourth month exceed the limit of BPOM in fish and sauce. The precision in all the measurement have on average <2 %, it shows that all the measurements are good repetition. Keywords: Lead , Copper, Atomic Absorption Spectrofometry, fish, Sauce
Simple Design Flow Analysis System for Determination of Iron by Spectrophotometric method
Authors: Setiani Wiwin , Mulyono Tri , Asnawati Asnawati 
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this research is to make a series of analyzes using a flow system with a bottle Marriote as pump and spectrophotometric method for determining the content of iron in water samples. Determination of iron by this method used 1,10-fenantrolin complexing or 2,2-bipyridyl. In this method, Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+ prior complexed with iron to form a specific color and then flowed it through a marriote bottle next to the spectrophotometer detector. The average flow rate of the liquid in the bottle Marriote amounted to 0.037 mL / sec. Limit detection obtained in the batch is 0.00017 ppm and 0.00023 ppm in simple flow systems analysis methods. Sensitivity obtained in the batch method is 0.027 and the simple flow system analysis method is 0.035. Flow rate precision values are expressed Marriote bottle with Kv values <5%. Values accuracy expreced percenting of recovery was 99% in the batch method, whereas the simple flow system analysis method was 98.5%. Results of t-test analysts suggest that iron determination using flow systems analysis (FIA) with the replacement pump bottle Marriote not differ significantly from the results obtained with the batch system. Keywords: batch method, bottle Marriote, Flow Injection Analysis, spectrofotometry
Identification of Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen and Diclofenac by Using Test Strip Based on Imobilized Spesific Reagent on Nata De Coco Membrane
Authors: Ningtyas Karisma Wulan , Zulfikar Zulfikar , Piluharto Bambang 
Published: January 2017

Identification of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and diclofenac can be done by using simple method, it is called test strips. Test strip is made by immobilized specific reagents with entrapment technical on membrane matrix, which the used membrane nata de coco. Immobilization reagents with entrapment techniques aimed to trap reagent molecules in the space between the supporting material.The success of this imobilization can be seen from membran changing color after additional reagent and there is no leeching after additional sample on membrane. The used reagent for this identification is methyl red for ibuprofen and ketorpofen, copper acetate for ibuprofen, potassium iodide for ketorofen and mandelin for diclofenac. From the testing result can be seen that potassium iodide is the most specific reagent compare with the other threee other reagents. By using tes strip arranged with the strip made by this imobilization, test srtrip can be used to differentiate the tree other standard samples. Keywords: entrapment, nata de coco membrane, reagent spesific, test strip.