bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Metal Exchange in Nanoclusters: Isotope Labeling Sheds Light on Cellular‐like Fusion Processes
Authors: Tang Li , Wang Bin , Han Qikai , Wang Shuxin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGrasping the behavior of metal nanoclusters in solution at the atomic level is a pinnacle challenge in nanoscience. In addressing this, our work utilizes the Ag13@Ag16(BDT)12(TPP)4 (Ag29) nanocluster (where BDT represents 1,3‐benzenedithiol, and TPP is triphenylphosphine) as a template. We employ isotopic layering labeling, such as a109 Ag13@107 Ag16 core ‐shell structure, to mark the clusters. Subsequently, we conduct reactions with clusters featuring two different layering structures. Finally, we employ isotopic labeling to replace Ag in the shell, followed by analysis using ESI‐MS, enabling us to discern the process of intercluster reactions. We observed that the reactions primarily involve metal exchanges between the cores of different clusters and separately between their shells, highlighting distinct patterns of atomic‐level exchanges within these structures. This study thus offers pivotal insights into the molecular‐level mechanisms of metal exchange between clusters, significantly contributing to the development of metal nanocluster design and synthesis.
Effect of data drift on the performance of machine‐learning models: Seismic damage prediction for aging bridges
Authors: Chen Mengdie , Park Yewon , Mangalathu Sujith , Jeon Jong‐Su 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMachine‐learning models play a crucial role in structural seismic risk assessment and facilitate decision‐making by analyzing complex data patterns. However, the dynamic nature of real‐world data introduces challenges, particularly data drift, which can significantly affect model performance. This adversely affects machine‐learning models intended to aid emergency responders and disaster recovery teams. This study primarily focused on assessing the impact of column corrosion‐induced data drift on the performance of machine‐learning models for seismic risk assessment of bridges. The machine‐learning model performance was evaluated with and without considering the impact of corrosion. The results revealed a significant decrease in prediction accuracy when the data drift effect was not considered. To address this challenge, this study proposes integrating principal component analysis‐based anomaly detection to enhance the model performance. The optimized model considering drift demonstrates significant improvements in accuracy across corroded bridges aged 25, 50, and 75 years, with accuracy rates increasing from 90%, 85%, and 81% to 98%, 97%, and 96%, respectively.
Development of a new solver for homogenous mixture based on regularized gas dynamic equation system
Authors: Epikhin Andrey , But Ivan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe paper presents an improved approach for modeling multicomponent gas mixtures based on quasi‐gasdynamic equations. The proposed numerical algorithm is implemented as a reactingQGDFoam solver based on the open‐source OpenFOAM platform. The following problems have been considered for validation: the Riemann problems, the backward facing step problem, the interaction of a shock wave with a heavy and a light gas bubble, the unsteady underexpanded hydrogen jet flow in an air. The stability and convergence parameters of the proposed numerical algorithm are determined. The simulation results are found to be in agreement with analytical solutions and experimental data.
The Irish drought impacts database: A 287‐year database of drought impacts derived from newspaper archives
Authors: Jobbová Eva , Crampsie Arlene , Murphy Conor , Ludlow Francis , McLeman Robert , Horvath Csaba , Seifert Natascha , Myslinski Therese , Sente Laura 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding of past droughts has been mostly shaped by meteorological data, with relatively less known about the human aspects of droughts, their socio‐economic impacts, as well as choices people make in response to droughts in different environmental and socio‐political contexts. The lack of data that systematically record and categorize drought impacts is an important reason for this disparity. In this paper, we present an Irish drought impacts database (IDID) containing 6094 newspaper reports and 11,351 individual impact records for the island of Ireland, covering the period 1733–2019. Relevant articles were identified through systematic searching of the Irish Newspaper Archives, and recorded impacts were categorized using a modified version of the classification scheme employed by the European drought impact inventory (EDII). Drawing on the wealth and diversity of content provided by the newspapers, the IDID database provides information on the documented temporal and geographical extent of drought events, their socio‐economic and political contexts, their consequences, mitigation strategies employed and their change over time. The IDID also facilitates analysis of long‐term patterns in drought incidence, individual impact categories, as well as detailed insight into the impacts of individual drought events over nearly three centuries of Ireland's history. In addition, by allowing an examination of the coherence between meteorological records and identified impacts, it advances our understanding of the influences that contemporary economic, political, environmental and societal events had on the human experience, perception and impact of droughts. This new open‐access database, therefore, provides opportunities for improving understanding of drought vulnerability and is an important step in developing greater capacity to cope with and respond to future droughts on the island of Ireland.
The Care of Older People With Depression in Nigeria: Qualitative Exploration of the Experience of Lay Providers in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Ojagbemi Akin , Daley Stephanie , Feeney Yvonne , Gureje Oye 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThere is a large treatment gap for mental health conditions in sub‐Saharan Africa where most patients who receive any care do so from lay primary health care workers (PHCW). We sought to examine the experiences of PHCW who provide care for older people with depression in Nigerian primary health care (PHC) settings.MethodsQualitative study design. A total of 24 PHCW participated. Using in‐depth key informant interviews (KIIs), we explored the views of 15 PHCW selected from 10 rural and urban PHCs in South‐Western Nigeria. An additional focus group discussion comprising nine participants was also conducted to discuss emerging themes from KIIs. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree overall themes were identified: views about depression, treatment options, and community outreach implications. Participants perceived depression in older people as being characterised by a range of mood, behavioural, and cognitive symptoms which made clinical assessments particularly challenging. Common treatment options used by PHCW included general advice and counselling, as well as frequent need to prescribe mild analgesics, vitamins and occasional sedatives in line with patients' expectations. Antidepressants were rarely used even though PHCW are authorised. While home visits are part of their expected work schedule, PHCW rarely implemented these due to non‐availability of transport facilities. Mobile technology was identified as a possible way of overcoming this constraint to providing community based mental healthcare for older people.ConclusionPHCWs perceived that patients' poor cognitive performance, expectations to prescribe sedatives, analgesics and vitamins, as well as non‐existence of community‐based services were existing barriers to providing evidenced based continued care for older people with depression in the study settings.
Inconsistent decision making in dental caries diagnosis and treatment: A case‐based questionnaire survey
Authors: Henneberg Sofie , Henriksen Julie , Christensen Lasse , Markvart Merete , Rosing Kasper 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDelayed implementation of new knowledge into clinical practice poses patient safety risks. This study investigates agreement on use of the dental caries interventions, sealing, and stepwise excavation.MethodsA cross‐sectional questionnaire survey, based on 11 constructed cases with descriptions of patient symptoms, radiographic, and clinical findings. Interrater agreement on dental caries‐ and pulp diagnoses and interventions were measured with Cohen's and Light's κ. The data collection period was September 28 to November 5, 2021. To explore variations in use and knowledge factors, we examined Danish dentists' attitudes toward continuing education.ResultsBased on 243 responses, moderate interrater agreement for dental caries and pulp diagnoses and weak agreement on interventions were seen. The agreement with the gold standard for caries was moderate. No agreement was found for dental pulp diagnosis, and for interventions the agreement was weak. No pattern in agreement with the gold standard was seen in relation to case difficulty level. The majority reported knowing of and using stepwise excavation, in conflict with findings that less than half chose stepwise excavation in cases, where considered appropriate. One in four (25%) reported to be unfamiliar with sealing, and half (50%) use sealing regularly. Better access to continuing education and for universities to offer continuing education as alternatives to one‐sided private market were requested.ConclusionSome patients may receive too radical treatment despite available less invasive evidence‐based effective treatments. Dentists acknowledge the importance of continuing education. Easier access and perhaps more incentives for seeking out high‐quality continuing education from trustworthy sources are needed.
Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine Derivatives and Their In‐Vitro and In‐Silico Antidiabetic Activities
Authors: Rafique Iqra , Maqbool Tahir , Javed Muhammad Salman 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn the current study, new pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine esters, hydrazides, and Schiff bases have been synthesized starting from 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐amine. The first step involved solvent‐free synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐6‐carboxylate derivatives (2a–d) with 55%–70% yield in the minimum time frame compared with the conventional refluxing method, which was followed by the synthesis of corresponding hydrazides (3a–d) and hydrazones (4a–e). The structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed using element analysis, FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC‐MS techniques. Synthesized hydrazides (3a–d) and hydrazones (4a–e) were also tested for their in‐vitro antidiabetic activity and found that all the compounds exhibited significant antidiabetic activity, while 3c (IC50 = 9.6 ± 0.5 μM) among the hydrazides and 4c (IC50 = 13.9 ± 0.7 μM) among the hydrazones were found to be more active in comparison to other synthesized derivatives. These in‐vitro results were further validated via docking studies against the α‐amylase enzyme using the reference drug acarbose (200.1 ± 10.0 μM). The results were greatly in agreement with their in‐vitro studies and these derivatives can be encouraging candidates for further in‐vivo studies in mice models.
Clinical psychology, social identities and societal challenges: Implications for diversity‐sensitive practice and training
Authors: Kaurin Aleksandra , Asbrand Julia , Mann Hendrik , Calvano Claudia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClinical psychologists are increasingly urged to recognize and understand the significance of societal factors such as marginalization experiences, within themselves and among the individuals and communities they serve. At the same time, there is a dearth of research in the field to guide this pursuit, and especially so in European contexts. We conducted an online survey (N = 646) to assess the social identities of clinical psychologists (graduate and trainees) in Germany and their incorporation of societal challenges in therapy and training. Overall, our sample was demographically rather homogenous and privileged: Clinical psychologists tended to be white (91%), nonmigrant (77.6%), female (74.5%), cis‐gender (93.8%), heterosexual (75.4%), able‐bodied (56.0%), and grew up in families with an academic background (68%). Although the majority of participants expressed a tendency to contemplate their identity when it came to their psychotherapeutic practices and believed that discussing societal challenges in therapy was pertinent, only a small proportion (~5%) reported actively introducing related subjects during therapy sessions or taking them into account during initial case conceptualization (~8%). The majority of participants indicated a lack of coverage of related topics in standard clinical psychological curricula. Greater perceived competence in addressing these topics was linked to clinicians initiating discussions about marginalization or discrimination in therapy. We explore the implications for future training aimed at fostering equitable, effective, and diversity‐sensitive therapeutic practices.
Mineralocorticoid receptor activates postnatal adiposity in zebrafish lacking proopiomelanocortin
Authors: Rajeswari Jithine J. , Faught Erin , Santos Helio , Vijayan Mathilakath M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe proopiomelanocortin (Pomc)‐derived peptides, including adrenocorticotropic hormone and α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐Msh), play both a central and a peripheral role in modulating the stress response. The central role is predominantly associated with nutrient homeostasis, while peripherally they play an important role in the synthesis of glucocorticoids (GCs) in response to stress. Pomc mutations are a major risk factor in the development of early‐onset childhood obesity in humans. This is attributed primarily to their central effects on melanocortin receptor dysfunction leading to hyperphagia and reduced energy expenditure, while the peripheral mechanism contributing to obesity has largely been unexplored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Pomc mutation‐mediated adrenal insufficiency and the associated changes in GC signaling contribute to postnatal adiposity using zebrafish as a model. We generated a ubiquitous Pomc knockout zebrafish that mimicked the mammalian mutant phenotype of adrenal insufficiency and enhanced adiposity. The loss of Pomc inhibited stress‐induced cortisol production and reprogrammed GC signaling by reducing glucocorticoid receptor responsiveness, whereas the mineralocorticoid receptor (Mr) signaling was enhanced. Larval feeding led to enhanced growth and adipogenesis in the Pomc mutants, and this was inhibited by eplerenone, an Mr antagonist. Altogether, our results underscore a key role for Mr signaling in early developmental adipogenesis and a possible target for therapeutic intervention for early‐onset childhood obesity due to Pomc dysfunction.
Mechanoinduction of PTHrP/cAMP‐signaling governs proteoglycan production in mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived neocartilage
Authors: Lückgen Janine , Diederichs Solvig , Raqué Elisabeth , Renkawitz Tobias , Richter Wiltrud , Buchert Justyna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAbnormal mechanical loading is one of the major risk factors for articular cartilage degeneration. Engineered mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)‐derived cartilage holds great promise for cell‐based cartilage repair. However, physiological loading protocols were shown to reduce matrix synthesis of MSC‐derived neocartilage in vitro and the regulators of this undesired mechanoresponse remain poorly understood. Parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) is involved in cartilage development and can affect extracellular matrix (ECM) production during MSC chondrogenesis opposingly, depending on a continuous or transient exposure. PTHrP is induced by various mechanical cues in multiple tissues and species; but whether PTHrP is regulated in response to loading of human engineered neocartilage and may affect matrix synthesis in a positive or negative manner is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dynamic loading adjusts PTHrP‐signaling in human MSC‐derived neocartilage and whether it regulates matrix synthesis and other factors involved in the MSC mechanoresponse. Interestingly, MSC‐derived chondrocytes significantly upregulated PTHrP mRNA (PTHLH) expression along with its second messenger cAMP in response to loading in our custom‐built bioreactor. Exogenous PTHrP(1‐34) induced the expression of known mechanoresponse genes (FOS, FOSB, BMP6) and significantly decreased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen synthesis similar to loading. The adenylate‐cyclase inhibitor MDL‐12,330A rescued the load‐mediated decrease in GAG synthesis, indicating a direct involvement of cAMP‐signaling in the reduction of ECM production. According to COL2A1‐corrected hypertrophy‐associated marker expression, load and PTHrP treatment shared the ability to reduce expression of MEF2C and PTH1R. In conclusion, the data demonstrate a significant mechanoinduction of PTHLH and a negative contribution of the PTHrP‐cAMP signaling axis to GAG synthesis in MSC‐derived chondrocytes after loading. To improve ECM synthesis and the mechanocompetence of load‐exposed neocartilage, inhibition of PTHrP activity should be considered for MSC‐based cartilage regeneration strategies.
Rapid activation of PMS driven by bimetallic redox on transition metal selenides for sulfamethoxazole degradation: mechanism, degradation pathway and intermediates toxicity
Authors: Wang Yongming , Chen Qiang , Su Yuezong , He Yuxuan , Qian Jin , Xu Kailin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe increasing presence of antibiotics in aquatic environments poses significant ecological risks, with sulfamethoxazole (SMX) being a prominent example due to its persistence and widespread use in medical and veterinary practices. Advanced oxidation processes, particularly those based on peroxymonosulfate (PMS), have shown promise in degrading such contaminants. This work explored the efficacy of a bimetallic selenide catalyst, FeSe2/MoSe2 (FM), synthesized via a hydrothermal method, for the rapid activation of PMS and subsequent degradation of SMX.RESULTSOver 95% SMX degradation was achieved with a 0.25 g/L catalyst dosage and 1.5 g/L PMS dosage, demonstrating that FM was an effective PMS activator capable of efficiently oxidizing SMX. The EPR tests and quenching experiments confirmed the presence of 1O2, SO4•– and •OH in the degradation system, with SO4•‐ predominating. The redox cycling of Mo with Fe was involved in the activation of PMS. Moreover, the DFT calculations of the SMX molecule revealed that the vulnerable sites were mainly in the vicinity of the sulfonamide group and the oxygen‐containing group. The toxicity assessment disclosed that most of the primary degradation intermediates of SMX were toxic, while the further small molecule products were non‐toxic.CONCLUSIONThis work underscores the potential of the FM/PMS system as an efficient and sustainable solution for degrading antibiotic contaminants like SMX in water. The low toxicity of the final degradation products further supports the environmental safety of this approach, making it a promising candidate for real‐world water treatment applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Effect of abnormal placentation on fetal heart function and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Dogru Sukran , Atci Asli Altinordu , Akkus Fatih , Acar Ali 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the fetal modified (mod)‐myocardial performance index (MPI) for fetal cardiac function in placenta percreta (PPC) pregnancies with placenta previa (PP) and assess neonatal outcomes.Materials and MethodsThis study included 104 pregnant women: 52 with PPC and 52 as the control group. Mod‐MPI measurements and neonatal outcomes were evaluated in all cases.ResultsThe PPC group had a significantly lower left ejection time (p = 0.044) and significantly higher mod‐MPI (p = 0.001) than the control group. The optimal mod‐MPI predictive cut‐off value at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission in the PPC group was 0.53 with 53.8% specificity and 88.5% sensitivity (p = 0.019). The optimal mod‐MPI predictive cut‐off value at the 5th APGAR score below 7 in the PPC group was 0.55 with a specificity of 67.7% and a sensitivity of 76.2% (p = 0.016).ConclusionFetal MPI was higher in pregnant women with PPC compared to the control group. Among the PPC cases, those with MPI above a certain predictive level showed more frequent NICU admissions and lower APGAR scores.
Experimental Evaluation of an Ultrasound‐Guided High‐Intensity‐Focused Ultrasound Probe for Sonication of Artery
Authors: Huang Qianwen , Zhou Yun , Pan Lei , Chen Yini , Wang Nianou , Li Ke , Bai Jingfeng , Ji Xiang 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop an ultrasound‐guided high‐intensity‐focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) probe for arterial sonication and to evaluate vascular contraction.MethodsThe USgHIFU probe comprised two confocal spherical transducers for sonication and a US color Doppler flow imaging probe for guidance. A vessel‐mimicking phantom was sonicated in two directions. In the vascular radial direction, an isolated rabbit aorta embedded in ex vivo pork liver was sonicated at different acoustic powers (245 and 519 W), flow rates (25, 30, and 50 mL/minute), and sonication energies (519, 980, and 1038 J). Changes in the postsonication vessels were evaluated using US imaging, microscopic observation, and histopathological analysis.ResultsBeam focusing along the vascular radial direction caused significant deformation of both tube walls (n = 4), whereas focusing along the axial direction only affected the contraction of the anterior wall (n = 4). The contraction index (Dc) of the vessel sonicated at 245 W and 980 J was 56.2 ± 9.7% (n = 12) with 25 mL/minute. The Dc of the vessel sonicated at 519 W and 1038 J was 56.5 ± 7.8% (n = 17). The Dc of the vessel sonicated at 519 J total energy was 18.3 ± 5.1% (n = 12).ConclusionThe developed USgHIFU probe induced greater vascular contractions by covering a larger area of the vessel wall in the radial direction. Sonication energy affects vascular contraction through temperature elevation of the vessel wall. When the acoustic power was high, an increase in acoustic power, even with comparable sonication energy, did not result in greater vessel contraction.