bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical and economic factors influencing generic drug use in the Japanese public health system: Influencing factors in different populations
Authors: Tachi Tomoya , Saito Kosuke , Esaki Hiroki , Kanematsu Yuta , Yoshida Aki , Sugita Ikuto , Noguchi Yoshihiro , Makino Teppei , Umeda Michi , Yasuda Masahiro , Mizui Takashi , Goto Chitoshi , Teramachi Hitomi 
Published: January 2018

SummaryFactors influencing generic drug use must be considered when new drug policies are established and initiatives are implemented to promote generic drug use. This study was conducted to elucidate medical and economic factors that influence generic drug use in the Japanese public health system by evaluating the degree of generic drug use via a multivariate analysis. We conducted a retrospective study of medications administered to inpatients at Gifu Municipal Hospital (Japan) from November 1 to 14, 2014. Details of inpatients (age, sex, and type of medical insurance) and the drugs administered (prescribing institution, dispensing pharmacy, price, and class) were assessed. A total of 1409 drugs (original, 639; generic, 770) were analyzed. Multivariate analysis showed significant differences in out‐of‐pocket medical fees [odds ratio (OR), 0.595], drugs prescribed at Gifu Municipal Hospital (OR, 1.811), drugs prepared at a health insurance pharmacy (OR, 1.541), drugs containing the same active substances as in the generic drugs used at Gifu Municipal Hospital (OR, 3.712), and drugs costing ≥30 yen and containing the same active substance/having the same specifications (OR, 0.516). Drugs prescribed at a large key hospital in the community with high adoption rates of generic drugs, drugs containing the same active substances as the generic drugs adopted by the hospital, and drugs prepared at health insurance pharmacies contributed to a more frequent use of generic drugs. By contrast, out‐of‐pocket medical fees and being prescribed expensive drugs contributed to the less frequent use of generic drugs.
Community member and policy maker priorities in improving maternal health in rural Tanzania
Authors: Webber Gail , Chirangi Bwire , Magatti Nyamusi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine community member and policy maker priorities in improving maternal health in rural Tanzania.MethodsThe present participatory action research project was conducted in Rorya District, Mara Region, Tanzania, between November 20 and 25, 2015. A convenience sample of four community and one policy maker discussion groups were held to identify factors impacting on maternal health. The inclusion criterion for community members was a recent personal or partner experience with childbirth, or experience as a village leader. The policy maker participants were enrolled from all members of the District Council Health Management Team.ResultsThere was considerable overlap in priorities expressed by community members and policy makers. The most common priorities were to improve the transportation options for women to get to the health facility, the availability of supplies in the health facilities, and healthcare provider attitudes toward women, and to increase the number of skilled healthcare providers. Policy makers also prioritized improved health education of women, improved access to health facilities, and increased power in decision‐making for women.ConclusionsCommunity members and policy makers have similar priorities for improving maternal health, which involve both social and structural changes.
Phosphonate‐functionalized poly(β‐amino ester) macromers as potential biomaterials
Authors: Akyol Ece , Tatliyuz Mirac , Demir Duman Fatma , Guven Melek Naz , Acar Havva Yagci , Avci Duygu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBiodegradability, hemocompatibility, resistance to protein adsorption, and strong interactions with hydroxyapatite (HAP)‐based tissues such as dentin, enamel, and bone are important properties of phosphorus‐containing biomaterials. Here, novel phosphonate‐functionalized poly(β‐amino ester) (PBAE) macromers are synthesized through aza‐Michael addition of various diacrylates [1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, Mn = 575), 1,4‐butanediol diacrylate (BDDA), 1,6‐hexanediol ethoxylate diacrylate (HDEDA) and triethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA)] and a phosphonate‐containing primary amine (diethyl 2‐aminoethylphosphonate, A1) efficiently without any catalyst; where replacement of A1 with propyl amine (PA) served as control. The macromers, whose molecular weight is ca. 1000–4000 Da as confirmed by both GPC and 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy, are photopolymerized to give biodegradable gels. The degradation behavior and cell interaction of these gels are studied. The degradation rates of the gels can be varied by choice of starting acrylates and the acrylate:amine ratio. Furthermore, the gels showed slightly higher degradability than PA‐based analogs (controls). Except TEGDA and PEGDA‐based ones, all phosphonate‐functionalized PBAE gels supported the attachment of larger number of SaOS‐2 cells than nonphosphonated ones and the best film was found to be the one based on HDEDA‐A1 with balanced hydrophilicity. Degradation products of these films have no significant cytotoxicity except HDDA‐PA. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1390–1399, 2018.
Patients’ care dependency in mental health care: Development of a self‐report questionnaire and preliminary correlates
Authors: Geurtzen Naline , Keijsers Ger P. J. , Karremans Johan C. , Hutschemaekers Giel J. M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesPatients’ dependency on the therapist or treatment has received little empirical attention. To examine care dependency, we aimed to develop a theory‐driven questionnaire based on three hypothetical dimensions (passive–submissive dependency; active‐emotional dependency; and lack of perceived alternatives) and to provide a preliminary exploration of several correlates of care dependency.MethodCare dependency, perceived social support, therapeutic alliance, remoralization, and symptom severity were measured in a large cross‐sectional sample of 742 outpatients with various psychiatric disorders. Test–retest reliability was established in a smaller patient sample.ResultsFindings indicated a reliable questionnaire measuring three unidimensional subscales of care dependency (i.e., submissive dependency, need for contact, and lack of perceived alternatives; α’s .74, .81, and .86 respectively; rt1,t2’s .78, .76, and .80, respectively). These subscales were all positively correlated with each other and with patients’ self‐proclaimed care dependency, but divergent from patients’ trait dependency and symptoms of a dependent personality disorder. Moreover, higher levels of care dependency were correlated with lower levels of remoralization and more symptoms severity, and with a better therapeutic alliance.ConclusionsA reliable and valid questionnaire was developed to measure patients’ care dependency. Future studies are needed to determine whether care dependency covers an unwanted side‐effect or a crucial ingredient of an effective treatment.
Lessons from literature for psychotherapy practice and research1
Authors: Orlinsky David E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInsights from the study of literature can inform and clarify concepts to guide psychotherapy practice and research. The author offers instances from narrative fiction (Durrell's Alexandria Quartet) and poetry (Hopkins, Baudelaire) to illustrate how the formulation of experience in words that are evocative (vs. ordinary), original (vs. trite), and precise (vs. approximate) are able to capture attention, move the emotions, and challenge beliefs; and how linkages among experiences, vividly and precisely expressed, create and enhance narrative meaning–revealing the inherent relativity of individual meanings and the need to consider the aggregate of relevant perspectives in every interpersonal situation.
Self‐stigma and the intention to seek psychological help online compared to face‐to‐face
Authors: Wallin Emma , Maathz Pernilla , Parling Thomas , Hursti Timo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aims to investigate the impact of help‐seeking self‐stigma on the preference and intention to seek psychological treatment delivered online compared to face‐to‐face.DesignThis study uses survey data from two Swedish samples. Sample 1 consists of 267 students (78.7% women) with a mean age of 24.5 (SD = 6.1). Sample 2 consists of 195 primary care patients (56.9% women) with a mean age of 45.3 (SD = 17.7).ResultsThe number of participants who preferred online treatment was higher if seeking psychological help for a perceived stigmatized problem compared to mental health problems in general. The odds ratios for choosing treatment online over face‐to‐face were 6.41, 95% CI [4.05, 10.14] in Sample 1 and 11.19, 95% CI [5.29, 23.67] in Sample 2. In addition, findings suggest that higher levels of help‐seeking self‐stigma predicted higher intention to seek treatment online compared to face‐to‐face.ConclusionsOur results suggest that online interventions may facilitate help‐seeking among individuals deterred by stigma.
Observation of curative effect of intravitreal injection of conbercept in wet age‐related macular degeneration: Optical coherence tomography analysis after injection
Authors: Yang Wen , Tan Ying , Li Chaowei , Liu Yi , Lu Guohua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo observe the clinical efficacy of intravitreal injection of conbercept in the treatment of wet age‐related macular degeneration (wAMD), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was observed to measure the changes of anatomical changes of central macular thickness (CMT) and the area and volume of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) uplift. Fifteen patients (15 eyes) with wet AMD were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent intravitreal injection of conbercept of 0.05 mL once. After 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months, OCT and BCVA were used to examine and to compare with the preoperative and postoperative central macular thickness and RPE uplift area. BCVA (median) increased respectively from 0.12 ± 0.13 to 0.21 ± 0.15 at 1 week, to 0.90 ± 0.25 at 1 month, to 0.38 ± 0.17 at 3 months (p < .001). The thickness of central macular decreased from 500 ± 25 μm to 256 ± 19 μm, 221 ± 29 μm, and 215 ± 14 μm, respectively. The normal physiological structure and stratification of the macular area were clear gradually. Conbercept treatment of wet AMD can significantly improve visual acuity, after 1 month up to the plateau, 3 months of continuous drug injection can make the vision maintained at a high stage, and macular retinal normal structural morphology recovery is good, the treatment has no obvious adverse reactions, and with good security.
Ultrastructure and distribution of sensilla on the maxillary and labial palps ofChlorophorus caragana(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Ru , Ren Li‐Li , Zhang Lu , Wang Rong , Yu Yang , Lu Peng‐Fei , Luo You‐Qing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChlorophorus caraganais a species of long‐horned beetle that damagesCaragana davazamciiSancz. (Fabales: Papilionaceae) bushes in desert areas in China. The beetles cause substantial damage to local forestry plantations and the environment. Sensilla on the maxillary and labial palps of coleopterans a allow the insects to recognize their host plants. We used scanning and transmission electron microscopy to study the ultrastructure, distribution, and abundance of various sensilla on the maxillary and labial palps ofC. caragana. We found four types of sensilla including ten subtypes: one of Böhm's bristles, three of sensilla chaetica, one of digitiform sensilla, and five of sensilla twig basiconica. The types and distribution of the sensilla on the maxillary and labial palps were highly similar between males and females. Finally, this article discusses the functions of the sensilla of related species in recognizing hosts and the significance of gustation studies in the context of the control ofC. caragana.
Beam steering of eye shape metamaterial design on dispersive media by FDTD method
Authors: Hasan Md. Mehedi , Faruque Mohammad Rashed Iqbal , Islam Mohammad Tariqul 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe finite difference time domain method is applied for numerical modelling of composite dispersive material‐based proposed metamaterial, where the electromagnetic waves are propagating along the y‐axis with some exceptional properties in this paper. The existing frequency dispersive finite difference time domain method can be categorised into auxiliary differential equation method and the Z‐transform method, both of them are analysed in this paper. The auxiliary differential equation method has been introduced additional differential equations for describing frequency‐dependent material characteristics, and Z‐transform converts the frequency domain constitutive relations to Z‐domain relation. The proposed left‐handed metamaterial, single unit cell shows resonance at 5.48 GHz and the beam refraction characteristics by the incident beams on the structure. The incident beams are refracted 90°, 45° (positive refraction), and −25° (negative refraction) with respect to the metamaterial structure.
Precipitation reconstruction for the Lidder Valley, Kashmir Himalaya using tree‐rings of Cedrus deodara
Authors: Shah Santosh K. , Pandey Uttam , Mehrotra Nivedita 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTA reconstruction of annual to multi‐decadal precipitation based on ring‐width of Cedrus deodara (Himalayan cedar or deodar) was carried out in the Lidder (Liddar) Valley, Kashmir Himalaya. A composite tree‐ring chronology demonstrated a significant direct relationship with April–June precipitation. A modified version of point‐by‐point regression methodology was used to reconstruct April–June precipitation since 1723 C.E. This reconstruction accounts for 40% of the total variance of the actual precipitation in the calibration period. The reconstruction shows a prolonged decadal dry period between 1822 and 1887 C.E., the driest period in the reconstruction. The wettest period occurred during the early 19th century and latter part of the 20th century. Extreme dry and wet events have been identified in the reconstruction on the basis of percentile distribution. The reconstruction was compared with documented extreme flood, famines and drought events in Kashmir Valley occurring in those 288 years. The composite 500 mb height‐anomaly maps suggest the prospect to study the long‐term atmospheric circulation variability over the Kashmir Valley and surrounding region using tree‐ring data. The impact of westerlies in the precipitation patterns was also evident in analysis of composite 500 mb height anomaly. Furthermore, the reconstruction was validated through comparison with independent records and spatial correlation with gridded precipitation and drought.
The influence of acid whey on the antioxidant peptides generated to reduce oxidation and improve colour stability in uncured roast beef
Authors: Wójciak Karolina M , Kęska Paulina , Okoń Anna , Solska Elżbieta , Libera Justyna , Dolatowski Zbigniew J 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of marinating beef in acid whey on the antioxidant peptides generated, and their influence on lipid oxidation, colour stability, sensory analysis and protein degradation products in uncured roasted beef stored 6 weeks in vacuum conditions (T = 4 °C) were determined. Measurements of pHe, water activity, oxidation–reduction potential, colour, TBARS, the cutting force, texture and amino acid profile, the total content of peptides, and antioxidant activity of isolated peptides were conducted immediately after production and during 42 days of storage.RESULTSThe non‐nitrite control batch (C) was characterized by a lower a* value (6.33–6.70) during the whole storage period compared to the non‐nitrite sample with acid whey (W). It also appears that meat with the worst colour stability has the poorest oxidative stability (C = 1.57 mg MDA kg−1, W = 0.76 mg MDA kg−1). Activity against reactive forms of oxygen to fraction A and fraction B (P < 0.05) showed an increasing trend with time and it was the largest in sample C and W.CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that bioactive peptides could be generated in uncured roasted beef. The <3.5 kDa peptides have strong antioxidant activity, as a result of which they function as inhibitors of lipid oxidation and colour discoloration during prolonged storage. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of 3‐chloro‐1,2‐propanediol in polyamideamine epichlorohydrin resin solution by reaction‐based headspace gas chromatography
Authors: Yan Ning , Wan Xiao‐Fang , Chai Xin‐Sheng , Chen Run‐Quan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe report on a headspace gas chromatographic method for determining the content of 3‐chloro‐1,2‐propanediol in polyamideamine epichlorohydrin resin solution. It was based on quantitatively converting 3‐chloro‐1,2‐propanediol to formaldehyde by periodate oxidation in a closed headspace sample vial at a room temperature for 10 min, and then to methanol by borohydride reduction at 90°C for 40 min followed by the headspace gas chromatographic measurement. The results showed that the present method has an excellent measurement precision (relative standard deviation < 2.60%) and accuracy (recoveries from 96.4–102%) in 3‐chloro‐1,2‐propanediol analysis. The limit of quantitation was 0.031 mg/mL. It is simple and suitable for determining the 3‐chloro‐1,2‐propanediol content in polyamideamine epichlorohydrin resin solution.
Factors affecting the success of grizzly bear translocations
Authors: Milligan Sarah , Brown Leonie , Hobson Dave , Frame Paul , Stenhouse Gordon 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTEvaluations of wildlife translocation can be traditional assessments of survival and reproductive success or can be expanded to include valuable but seldom used measures of behavior and physiology in reference to baseline data from a resident population. In Alberta, Canada where grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) are listed as a threatened species, there has been research on resident grizzly bear populations but limited follow‐up of translocated individuals associated with management actions. We determined an outcome for 110 grizzly bear translocation events (77 failed events, 33 successful events) between 1974 and 2014. We used logistic regression to investigate the effects of individual bear characteristics, management strategies, and habitat factors on translocation success. A translocation event was successful if the bear did not require further management action and if the bear survived at least one year without homing. We also compared the home range size, habitat selection, and denning behavior of translocated bears to the resident population over time to assess the long‐term effects of translocation. The odds of translocation success were higher if bears were moved early in the year and decreased by 47% for each unit increase in the level of mortality risk (based on road density, water, and edge features) at the release site. The odds of homing decreased substantially at translocation distances >100 km, but bears translocated outside the Bear Management Area (BMA) of capture had annual home ranges that were 3.25 times larger on average than resident bears. Translocated bears were initially selecting high quality habitat similar to areas used by resident bears, but this behavior appeared to decline after the first year of translocation. Den entry dates, den exit dates, and the denning period of translocated bears did not differ significantly from resident bears. Our findings can aid managers in making more informed decisions when considering translocation as a tool for managing human–bear conflict or supporting grizzly bear conservation efforts. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Chemical modifications of nucleic acid drugs and their delivery systems for gene‐based therapy
Authors: Chen Changmai , Yang Zhenjun , Tang Xinjing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGene‐based therapy is one of essential therapeutic strategies for precision medicine through targeting specific genes in specific cells of target tissues. However, there still exist many problems that need to be solved, such as safety, stability, selectivity, delivery, as well as immunity. Currently, the key challenges of gene‐based therapy for clinical potential applications are the safe and effective nucleic acid drugs as well as their safe and efficient gene delivery systems. In this review, we first focus on current nucleic acid drugs and their formulation in clinical trials and on the market, including antisense oligonucleotide, siRNA, aptamer, and plasmid nucleic acid drugs. Subsequently, we summarize different chemical modifications of nucleic acid drugs as well as their delivery systems for gene‐based therapeutics in vivo based on nucleic acid chemistry and nanotechnology methods.
Endometriosis increased the risk of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis: A population‐based study
Authors: Wu Chia‐Chang , Chung Shiu‐Dong , Lin Herng‐Ching 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivePrevious studies have suggested an association between bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) and endometriosis. However, no nation‐wide population study has yet reported an association between them. In this study, we examined the risk of BPS/IC among subjects with endometriosis during a 3‐year follow‐up in Taiwan using a population‐based dataset.Study DesignThis study comprised 9191 subjects with endometriosis, and 27 573 subjects randomly selected as controls. We individually followed‐up each subject (n = 36 764) for a 3‐year period to identify subjects subsequently diagnosed with BPS/IC. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to estimate the risk of subsequent BPS/IC following a diagnosis of endometriosis.ResultsIncidences of BPS/IC during the 3‐year follow‐up period was 0.2% and 0.05% for subjects with and without endometriosis, respectively. The hazard ratio for developing BPS/IC over a 3‐year period for subjects with endometriosis compared to subjects without endometriosis was 4.43 (95% CI: 2.13‐9.23). After adjusting for co‐morbidities like diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, obesity, hyperlipidemia, chronic pelvic pain, irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, panic disorder, migraines, sicca syndrome, allergies, endometriosis, asthma, tobacco use, and alcohol abuse, the Cox proportional hazards regressions revealed that the hazard ratio for BPS/IC among subjects with endometriosis was 3.74 (95% CI = 1.76‐7.94, P < 0.001) compared to that in controls.ConclusionsThis study provides epidemiological evidence of an association between endometriosis and a subsequent diagnosis of BPS/IC.