bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Soliton Compression in Dispersion Decreasing Fibers with Relaxing Kerr Effect
Authors: Lima J.L.S. , Ferraz C.H.A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOptical soliton compression in dispersion decreasing fibers with relaxing Kerr effect was investigated numerically. The results were compared with the instantaneous nonlinear response case. It was observed that, in general, the relaxing Kerr effect produces significantly worse results than the instantaneous nonlinear response. However, by the appropriate choice of fiber length, one can obtain a higher compression factor if the relaxation time is sufficiently short.
Numerical Simulation of Crustal Strain in Turkey from Continuous GNSS Measurements in the Interval 2009–2017
Authors: Ansari Kutubuddin , Corumluoglu Ozsen , Sharma Sunil Kumar 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The present study investigates the crustal strain in Turkey by using data from the Turkish permanent GNSS network (TPGN) and international GNSS services (IGS) observations for a period of 9 years, 2009 t0 2017. The positional variation of GNSS sites is studied to understand the coordinate reliability, interseismic and coseismic effects and linear velocities as well as three dimensional principal strains across the country. The study of coordinate reliability shows that the horizontal and vertical residuals in 2013 and 2015 are of the order of 100 mm per coordinate or higher than those of 2009 and 2011 and 10 times higher than those of 2017. The changes in baseline length relative to an arbitrary zero-o_set for the selected period shows that the most of the sites have displacement in the interval −10 to 10 mm but some sites have larger variations. These displacements are mostly related to motion of the Turkish tectonic plate, regional crustal deformation and small amounts of errors inGNSS positioning. The most GNSS site velocities located all over Turkey give significant information for the study. The GNSS data shows that the Anatolian plate relative to the Eurasia is moving in a western direction in the central part of Turkey and starts to move in a south-westerly direction in the west part of the country. The westward motion of Anatolia increases gradually from 20 mm/yr in central Anatolia to 30 mm/yr in south-west Turkey. The numerical simulation of the crustal strain in the Aegean region shows a maximum 1.0446×10−6 compressional principal strain rate while the second principal strain rate is zero. The strain in Central Anatolia is evidently dominated by extensional deformations and the principal strain rate reaches to 0.9589×10−6 with maximum extension. The Marmara Region network is subject to an extensional principal strain (0.6608×10−6) which is also revealed in the Mediterranean Region with a 0.5682×10−6 extension. The present analysis of GNSS data over the region may complement towards the understanding of the stability of regional tectonics and long term aseismic strain inside the country.
Association of ’Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ with Cosmos bipinnatus phyllody disease in Iran
Authors: Nikooei Mehrnoosh , Hemmati Chamran , Bagheri Abdoolnabi 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In 2017 growing season numerous examinations of Cosmos bipinnatus in Hormozgan province, Iran revealed the disease symptoms similar to those associated with phytoplasmas. Phytoplasmas were detected from all symptomatic plants by the specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) utilizing phytoplasma universal primer pairs. Amplification, sequencing and blast analysis of 16S rDNA fragment (ca. 1.2 kb) demonstrated that C. bipinnatus plants were infected by a phytoplasma belonging to the 16SrII group. This is the first report of association of a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’-related strain with C. bipinnatus phyllody in Iran.
Role of metabolic enzymes in resistance to chlorpyrifos-methyl in the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch)
Authors: Mohammad Soliman Mokbel El-Sayed , Hassan Swelam Eman Saed , Mostafa Radwan Eman Mohamed , Abd-Elhady Kandil Mohammed 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe cowpea aphid,Aphis craccivoramanagement relies mainly on chemical control. As a result extensive and repeated treatment of insecticides has led to the development of aphid resistance to commonly used insecticides. To investigate chlorpyrifos-methyl resistance inA. craccivora, a field strain was selected for 24-generations to achieve a resistance factor of 82.3 fold compared with a susceptible strain. In the resistant strain, malathion and lambda-cyhalothrin exhibited obvious cross-resistance; while fenvalerate and dinotefuran showed moderate cross-resistance. In contrast, slight or no cross-resistance was obtained with the other tested insecticides. To investigate metabolic resistance mechanisms, integration of biochemical and synergism assays was conducted. Results showed the key role of esterase (EST) and mixed function oxidases (MFO); however, glutathione-s-transferase (GST) contributed less to resistance. Cross-resistance studies showed the need for rotation with non-cross resistant insecticides as a resistance management tactic.
Systemic protection against pearl millet downy mildew disease induced by cell wall glucan elicitors from Trichoderma hamatum UOM 13
Authors: Lavanya Senapathyhally Nagaraju , Niranjan-Raj Sathyanarayana , Nayaka Siddaiah Chandra , Amruthesh Kestur Nagaraju 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The obligate oomycete Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet, is the incitant of downy mildew disease, which is the main constraint in pearl millet production worldwide. Different elicitors from Trichoderma hamatum UOM 13, e.g. mycelial extract and cell wall glucans, were assessed for their resistance elicitation efficiency and the possible underlying mechanisms. Both mycelial extract and cell wall glucans of T. hamatum UOM 13 positively influenced seed quality parameters of pearl millet, significantly enhanced seed germination and seedling vigor in comparison to the untreated control. Seed priming with cell wall glucan elicitors of T. hamatum UOM 13 suppressed downy mildew on susceptible pearl millet seedlings under greenhouse conditions by induction of systemic host resistance. Of the different elicitor delivery methods tested, transplant root dip was more effective than seed treatment and foliar spray. A combination of transplant root dip + seed treatment + foliar spray was significantly more effective than the single delivery methods. The induced resistance corresponded to up regulation of genes of important defense proteins upon pathogen inoculation. Transcripts of genes of defense enzymes glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase were significantly increased due to the T. hamatum UOM elicitor effect. Expression of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein genes, known to play an important role in cell wall cross-linking, were also up regulated in response to T. hamatum UOM cell wall glucan treatment. This study emphasizes the role of T. hamatum UOM as a potential elicitor of downy mildew resistance in pearl millet and presents novel insights into the involvement of important defense proteins mediating such as resistance trigger.
Wadi Bounamoussa’s waters quality in the north-east of Algeria: Statistical treatment of some physical and chemical parameters
Authors: Boussaha Soumaya , Laifa Aziz 
Published: November 2017

Abstract Nowadays, problems with wastes constitute a danger increasingly important for the recipient environments. Indeed, the water is affected in an increasing way by mineral and organic materials from which some ones are pathogenic and thus dangerous for the ecosystem. It is in this context that the present study took place, it relates to the surface waters pollution of the Wadi Bounamoussa in the Algeria northeast. The study concerns the analysis of physical and chemical parameters of waters such as: temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Cl-, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total absorbance colour (TAC), total hardness (TH), PO4 3-, total phosphorus (Ptot) along the wadi in one year long survey (October 2013 to July 2014). Waters were sampled at ten study sites with a quarterly sampling. In order to establish a relationship between various physical and chemical parameters and for a better assessment the anthropogenic effect on the Wadi Bounamoussa's water quality, we have processed a statistical treatment by means of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA has revealed two gradients. The first reflects the eutrophication caused by chemical fertilizers used in agriculture and the intensive livestock farming development, while the second describes the resulting water mineralization of high rates of the Cl- and EC. Moreover, PCA has allowed discriminating the stations according to their physical and chemical data. This study has allowed us also to reveal the influence of seasonal variations.
Impact of the forest succession on efficiency of the arable land production
Authors: Gniadek Jacek , Pijanowski Jacek M. , Śmigielski Mateusz 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The paper presents the studies involving analysis of changes in shape of parcels of arable land under the influence of forest succession. The object of the research is the village Grębosze located in Świętokrzyskie voivodeship. The study material will cover all arable land existing in the studied village. The source of data were numerical registry maps from 1998 and 2013. The basic element of research, enabling comparison of changes in the efficiency of the production process are continuous parts of the parcels covered by one form of use. In the course of the output data processing and determination of the necessary technical parameters for the tested surface elements, the specialized tools and statistics were used. The studies were related to the evaluation of formation of these surface structures on the basis of their shape meter in the form of the so-called costs of cultivation. The obtained results make it possible to tell, to what extent the changes resulting from the consequences of the secondary forest succession influence the process of cultivation of neighbouring arable land.
The use of carbonate-silica rock (opoka) to remove iron, manganese and indicator bacteria from groundwater
Authors: Marzec Michał , Pieńko Agata , Gizińska-Górna Magdalena , Pytka Aneta , Jóźwiakowski Krzysztof , Sosnowska Bożena , Kamińska Agnieszka , Listosz Agnieszka 
Published: November 2017

Abstract The study investigated the efficiency of removal of iron, manganese and indicator bacteria from potable groundwater by using carbonate-silica rock (opoka). The tests were performed in a laboratory in three filter columns supplied with water containing increased concentrations of iron and manganese. Two of the columns were filled with carbonate-silica rock with particle sizes of 2-5 mm; retention time for water in the columns was set at 1 h and 2 h. A third column was filled with 1-2 mm rock particles, with hydraulic retention time set at 1 h. High removal efficiencies were determined for iron, manganese and coliform bacteria and low removal efficiencies for psychro- and mesophilic bacteria. An increase in the alkalinity of the investigated water was also observed.
Il geroglifico cretese: nuovi metodi di lettura (con una nuova proposta di interpretazione del segno 044 i)
Authors: Ferrara Silvia , Cristiani Diego 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In base a recenti analisi dei sigilli in pietra iscritti nel sistema di scrittura geroglifico cretese, ancora indecifrato, si puo proporre una nuova ipotesi di interpretazione della funzione di alcuni segni. Alcuni elementi che erano stati considerati come simboli decorativi sono stati re-interpretati, invece, come elementi semantici del repertorio geroglifico cretese. Nel valutare l’attendibilita di questa ipotesi a livello sistemico, proponiamo di attribuire ad alcuni segni del repertorio una funzione logografica, sottolineata dall’uso di filler decorativi che sembrano isolarne la posizione all’interno di una sequenza di sillabogrammi. Come esempio sotteso a questa metodologia, si e rivelata istruttiva una computazione statistica delle attestazioni del segno 044 i soprattutto per gli esempi integrati nelle sequenze ripetute fino ad oggi interpretate come ‘formule’. Alla luce di queste considerazioni, offriamo una nuova interpretazione dell’iconografia di questo segno. Dagli inizi degli studi sul geroglifico, il segno 044 i e stato associato alla rappresentazione di una ‘cazzuola’ (‘trowel’). Qui invece dimostriamo come sia piu plausibile e coerente associarlo alla raffigurazione del cosiddetto Petschaft, una forma funzionale e sofisticata di sigillo a una faccia, utilizzata in un periodo in cui il sistema amministrativo era basato sulla rendicontazione delle attivita attraverso l’uso di sigilli impressi su cretule d’argilla.
Mechanisms of degradation of organic coatings
Authors: Prošek T. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
An overview of protection mechanisms of organic coatings for metallic constructions and products is given. The barrier effect of coatings and protection in local defects are discussed. Basic degradation mechanisms of organic coatings such as anodic and cathodic delamination in vicinity of defects, osmotic and cathodic blistering, mechanical stress assisted blistering, loss of adhesion and chalking are described. Appropriate laboratory tests are proposed for each degradation mode.
Cone beam computed tomography analysis in 3D position of maxillary denture
Authors: Jia Ying , Yang Hua , Li Ping , Xiong Jiangyan , Chen Bo 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The dynamic correlation between teeth and denture morphology as well as the morphological positions needs to be explored.

Methodology
63 adult patients with skeletal class III malocclusions that met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and imaged with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), and Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data were collected. The torque angle and axial inclination were measured and analyzed for the corona, root, and entire body of every tooth on the maxilla.

Results
There is a statistically significant difference between the coronal axial inclination/coronal torque angle for the skeletal class III malocclusion cases and Andrew’s six keys of occlusion. On the sagittal plane of the maxillary denture (except that the secondary molar is inclined medial-distally), the remaining teeth are inclined towards the labia with slightly larger angles compared to the normal occlusion. In the coronal direction, the maxillary anterior teeth tend to have a corona that inclines medial-distally, whereas the posterior teeth have a buccal inclination compared to the normal occlusion.

Conclusion
Sagittal and transversal compensations prevail in maxillary dentures; for the camouflaged treatment design for skeletal class III, there is limited scope of sagittal and transversal movements on the maxillary denture.
The Fountain of Youth: A tale of parabiosis, stem cells, and rejuvenation
Authors: Conese Massimo , Carbone Annalucia , Beccia Elisa , Angiolillo Antonella 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Transfusion (or drinking) of blood or of its components has been thought as a rejuvenation method since ancient times. Parabiosis, the procedure of joining two animals so that they share each others blood circulation, has revitalized the concept of blood as a putative drug. Since 2005, a number of papers have reported the anti-ageing effect of heterochronic parabiosis, which is joining an aged mouse to a young partner. The hallmark of aging is the decline of regenerative properties in most tissues, partially attributed to impaired function of stem and progenitor cells. In the parabiosis experiments, it was elegantly shown that factors derived from the young systemic environment are able to activate molecular signaling pathways in hepatic, muscle or neural stem cells of the old parabiont leading to increased tissue regeneration. Eventually, further studies have brought to identify some soluble factors in part responsible for these rejuvenating effects, including the chemokine CCL11, the growth differentiation factor 11, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, and oxytocin. The question about giving whole blood or specific factors in helping rejuvenation is open, as well as the mechanisms of action of these factors, deserving further studies to be translated into the life of (old) human beings.
Mapping urban agriculture in Portugal: Lessons from practice and their relevance for European post-crisis contexts
Authors: Delgado Cecília 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A significant sample of twenty-nine Portuguese urban agriculture (UA) initiatives is analysed in this article. It argues that emerging initiatives are relevant for shifting from a post-crisis approach to one that is more developmental. This multi-level analysis finds that UA in Portugal: embraces allotment gardens, urban farms and short food chains; deals primarily with vegetables and fruit; takes place predominantly on public and institutional land; and is championed by municipalities and to a lesser extent by civil society initiatives. UA is predominantly a metropolitan phenomenon. Furthermore, activities are organised around three pillars: production of food; simple processing and distribution; and a significant set of capacity building and training activities. UA is recent phenomena in Portugal, and it has expanded quickly since the 2008 economic crisis. The paper explores in-depth four innovative short food chains from the sample of initiatives. They are led by young entrepreneurs, make positive use of social networks, are committed to social and economic values, and expanded successfully in generating jobs at the time of the crisis. These examples strongly suggest that UA social economy enterprises are a driving force behind integrated sustainable development approaches in European cities, if and when supported by public policies.
Business models in urban farming: A comparative analysis of case studies from Spain, Italy and Germany
Authors: Pölling Bernd , Prados María-José , Torquati Bianca Maria , Giacchè Giulia , Recasens Xavier , Paffarini Chiara , Alfranca Oscar , Lorleberg Wolf 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The “Urban Agriculture Europe” EU COST-Action (2012–2016) has shown that the complexity of urban agriculture (UA) is hardly compressible into classic business management models and has proposed new management models, such as the Business Model Canvas (BMC). Business models of UA have to be different from rural ones. In particular, factors such as differentiation and diversification, but also low cost-oriented specialisation, are characteristic and necessary business models for UA to stay profitable in the long term under challenging city conditions. This paper aims to highlight how farm enterprises have to adjust to urban conditions by stepping into appropriate business models aiming to stay competitive and profitable, and how the BMC is useful to analyse their organisation and performance, both economically and socially. The paper offers an inter-regional analysis of UA enterprises located in Spain, Italy, and Germany, which are further subdivided into: local food, leisure, educational, social, therapeutic, agri-environmental, cultural heritage and experimental farms. The analysis demonstrates that UA is differentially adjusted to specific urban conditions and that the BMC is useful for analysing urban farming. Heterogeneous local food farms and the integration of local and organic food production in social farming business models are most frequent in our case studies.
Exploring urban agriculture as a component of multifunctional green infrastructure: Application of figure-ground plans as a spatial analysis tool
Authors: Tóth Attila , Timpe Axel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUsing ‘Urban Atlas’ as a data source, the authors present and critically discuss in this paper the application of figure-ground plans in combination with complex land-use maps as a tool for spatial analysis of urban agriculture in European cities and their multifunctional green infrastructure. The selected cities and metropolitan areas (including Dublin, Ruhr Metropolis, Geneva and Sofia) represent different regions in Europe from the Northwest to the Southeast. Urban fabric, agriculture and non-agricultural open spaces have been analysed and compared as the main land-use components. Agricultural open spaces include arable land with annual crops and permanent crops, such as vineyards, fruit trees and olive groves; pastures; as well as complex and mixed cultivation patterns. The results reveal the scale and land-use diversity of metropolitan regions and different spatial patterns of urban agriculture at the regional level and in central urban areas.
Lichenometry and Schmidt hammer tests in the Kaunertal glacier foreland (Ötztal Alps) during the AMADEE-15 Mars Mission Simulation
Authors: Czempiński Jan , Dąbski Maciej 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aim of this article is to show the results of the lichenometrical and Schmidt hammer measurements performed in 2015 during the AMADEE-15 Mars Mission Simulation in the Ötztal Alps in order to test the capabilities of analogue astronauts and collect information on the geomorphic history of the study area since the Little Ice Age (LIA). The results obtained differ significantly from our expectations, which we attribute to differences in the field experience of participants and the astronauts’ technical limitations in terms of mobility. However, the experiments proved that these methods are within the range of the astronauts’ capabilities. Environmental factors, such as i) varied petrography, ii) varied number of thalli in test polygons, and iii) differences in topoclimatic conditions between the LIA moraine and the glacier front, further inhibited simple interpretation. The LIA maximum of the Kaunertal glacier occurred in AD 1850, and relative stabilization of the frontal part of the rock glacier occurred in AD 1711.
Some Aspects of Nephrotoxicity of Paracetamol and Ketoprofen in Patients with Rheumathoid Arthritis
Authors: Spasovski Dejan , Genadieva-Stavric Sonja , Sotirova Tatjana 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Introduction. To determine the effect of initial therapy with Paracetamol and Ketoprofen on glomerular and tubular integrity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to quantify nephrotoxicity of these two drugs by measurement of enzymuria, which correlates with the damage of tubular epithelium. Microalbuminuria is used as a marker for glomerular damage, and urine excretion of N-Acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) as an indicator of proximal tubular damage.
Methods. Using colorimetric method for determination of NAG, and immunoturbidimetric method for microalbuminuria, samples of 70 participants were examined (35 RA patients treated with Paracetamol only, 35 RA patients treated with Ketoprofen). The follow-up was in 5 time-intervals in the course of 24 weeks.
Results. There was a moderate correlation between NAG and microalbuminuria (r=0.16) in the group of patients treated with Paracetamol only, and a moderate correlation (r=0.28) in the group of patients treated with Ketoprofen. NAG enzymuria in size, by number of patients Registered, and time of appearance, was greater and appeared earlier in the Ketoprofen group compared to the Paracetamol group.
Conclusions. Ketoprofen is more potent NAG inductor and provokes greater tubular enzymuria than Paracetamol. Results from our study confirm safety in use of Paracetamol and Ketoprofen in everyday clinical practice.