bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of predisposition, injury, response, organ failure model for predicting acute kidney injury in acute on chronic liver failure
Authors: Maiwall Rakhi , Sarin Shiv Kumar , Kumar Suman , Jain Priyanka , Kumar Guresh , Bhadoria Ajeet Singh , Moreau Richard , Kedarisetty Chandan Kumar , Abbas Zaigham , Amarapurkar Deepak , Bhardwaj Ankit , Bihari Chhagan , Butt Amna Subhan , Chan Albert , Chawla Yogesh Kumar , Chowdhury Ashok , Dhiman RadhaKrishan , Dokmeci Abdul Kadir , Ghazinyan Hasmik , Hamid Saeed Sadiq , Kim Dong Joon , Komolmit Piyawat , Lau George K. , LEE Guan Huei , Lesmana Laurentius A. , Jamwal Kapil , Mamun‐Al‐Mahtab  , Mathur Rajendra Prasad , Nayak Suman Lata , Ning Qin , Pamecha Viniyendra , Alcantara‐Payawal Diana , Rastogi Archana , Rahman Salimur , Rela Mohamed , Saraswat Vivek A. , Shah Samir , Shiha Gamal , Sharma Barjesh Chander , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Sharma Kapil , Tan Soek Siam , Chandel Shivendra Singh , Vashishtha Chitranshu , Wani Zeeshan A. , Yuen Man‐Fung , Yokosuka Osamu , Duseja Ajay , Jafri Wasim , Devarbhavi Harshad , Eapen C. E. , Goel Ashish , Sood Ajit , Ji Jia , Duan Z. , Chen Y. ,   of the APASL ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) working party
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThere is limited data on predictors of acute kidney injury in acute on chronic liver failure. We developed a PIRO model (Predisposition, Injury, Response, Organ failure) for predicting acute kidney injury in a multicentric cohort of acute on chronic liver failure patients.Patients and MethodsData of 2360 patients from APASL‐ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) was analysed. Multivariate logistic regression model (PIRO score) was developed from a derivation cohort (n=1363) which was validated in another prospective multicentric cohort of acute on chronic liver failure patients (n=997).ResultsFactors significant for P component were serum creatinine[(≥2 mg/dL)OR 4.52, 95% CI (3.67‐5.30)], bilirubin [(<12 mg/dL,OR 1) vs (12‐30 mg/dL,OR 1.45, 95% 1.1‐2.63) vs (≥30 mg/dL,OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3‐5.2)], serum potassium [(<3 mmol/LOR‐1) vs (3‐4.9 mmol/L,OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.05‐1.97) vs (≥5 mmol/L,OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.67‐11.3)] and blood urea (OR 3.73, 95% CI 2.5‐5.5); for I component nephrotoxic medications (OR‐9.86, 95% CI 3.2‐30.8); for R component,Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome,(OR‐2.14, 95% CI 1.4‐3.3); for O component, Circulatory failure (OR‐3.5, 95% CI 2.2‐5.5). The PIRO score predicted acute kidney injury with C‐index of 0.95 and 0.96 in the derivation and validation cohort. The increasing PIRO score was also associated with mortality (P<.001) in both the derivation and validation cohorts.ConclusionsThe PIRO model identifies and stratifies acute on chronic liver failure patients at risk of developing acute kidney injury. It reliably predicts mortality in these patients, underscoring the prognostic significance of acute kidney injury in patients with acute on chronic liver failure.
Whole liver engineering: A promising approach to develop functional liver surrogates
Authors: Meng Fanwei , Assiri Abdallah , Dhar Dipok , Broering Dieter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLiver donor shortage remains the biggest challenge for patients with end‐stage liver failures. While bioartificial liver devices have been developed as temporary supports for patients waiting for transplantation, their applications have been limited clinically. Whole liver engineering is a biological scaffold based regenerative medicine approach that holds promise for developing functional liver surrogates. Significant advancements have been made since the first report in 2010. This review focuses on the recent achievements of whole liver engineering studies.
What is the clinical significance of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction? evaluation of 60 patients at a tertiary referral center
Authors: Okeke F. C. , Raja S. , Lynch K. L. , Dhalla S. , Nandwani M. , Stein E. M. , Chander Roland B. , Khashab M. A. , Saxena P. , Kumbhari V. , Ahuja N. K. , Clarke J. O. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundEsophagogastric junction (EGJ) outflow obstruction (EGJOO) is characterized by impaired EGJ relaxation with intact or weak peristalsis. Our aims were to evaluate: (i) prevalence, (ii) yield of fluoroscopy, endoscopy, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), (iii) outcomes, and (iv) whether this data differed based on quantitative EGJ relaxation.MethodsStudies that met criteria for EGJOO were identified. Demographics, encounters, endoscopy, radiology, treatment decisions, and outcomes were extracted.Key ResultsSixty studies were identified. Dysphagia was the most common symptom. Forty patients underwent barium esophagram (BE): normal (11), hiatal hernia (20), spasm/dysmotility (17), EGJ narrowing (10), compression (2), Schatzki's ring (5), malrotation (1), gastric volvulus (1), mass (1). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed in 41 patients: normal (19), hiatal hernia (13), Schatzki's ring (6), esophagitis (3), esophageal candidiasis (3), mass (1). EUS was performed in 20 patients and was frequently normal. Twenty‐two patients underwent intervention. While transient improvement was noted in the majority, persistent improvement was seen in only one of nine patients (dilatation), four of six patients (botulinum toxin), and three patients who underwent per‐oral endoscopic myotomy. No patients treated with medical therapy alone had improvement in dysphagia. There was no difference in symptoms or outcomes based on quantitative EGJ relaxation.Conclusions & InferencesThe manometric criterion EGJOO defines a heterogeneous clinical group. While BE, EGD, and EUS all provide complementary information, a significant percentage of these studies will be normal. For patients with dysphagia, outcome may depend on EGJ disruption. There were no differences in symptoms our outcomes based on quantitative EGJ relaxation.
CrowdCurio: an online crowdsourcing platform to facilitate climate change studies using herbarium specimens
Authors: Willis Charles G. , Law Edith , Williams Alex C. , Franzone Brian F. , Bernardos Rebecca , Bruno Lian , Hopkins Claire , Schorn Christian , Weber Ella , Park Daniel S. , Davis Charles C. 
Published: April 2017

Summary

Phenology is a key aspect of plant success. Recent research has demonstrated that herbarium specimens can provide important information on plant phenology. Massive digitization efforts have the potential to greatly expand herbarium‐based phenological research, but also pose a serious challenge regarding efficient data collection.

Here, we introduce CrowdCurio, a crowdsourcing tool for the collection of phenological data from herbarium specimens. We test its utility by having workers collect phenological data (number of flower buds, open flowers and fruits) from specimens of two common New England (USA) species: Chelidonium majus and Vaccinium angustifolium. We assess the reliability of using nonexpert workers (i.e. Amazon Mechanical Turk) against expert workers. We also use these data to estimate the phenological sensitivity to temperature for both species across multiple phenophases.

We found no difference in the data quality of nonexperts and experts. Nonexperts, however, were a more efficient way of collecting more data at lower cost. We also found that phenological sensitivity varied across both species and phenophases.

Our study demonstrates the utility of CrowdCurio as a crowdsourcing tool for the collection of phenological data from herbarium specimens. Furthermore, our results highlight the insight gained from collecting large amounts of phenological data to estimate multiple phenophases.
Ageing out of place: The meaning of home among hispanic older persons living in the United States
Authors: Curtin Alicia , Martins Diane C. , Gillsjö Catharina , Schwartz‐Barcott Donna 
Published: April 2017

AimTo explore the meaning of home among older Hispanic immigrants who are “aging out of place.”BackgroundEmerging evidence supports the concept of older persons ageing in place. Nurse researchers have demonstrated that older person who age in place have better physical, psychological and cognitive outcomes. Less, however, is known about older persons who are “aging out of place,” meaning out of their country of origin. With the growth of home health care, there is a need to understand the older immigrants' meaning of home when ageing out of their country of origin.Design and MethodAn inductive, qualitative descriptive research design was used. Seventeen Hispanic participants, ranging in age from 65 to 83 years were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview protocol.FindingsTwo major finding of the study focused on participants' descriptions of home in their country of origin and in the USA. The majority of participants described their home in their native country as the community, countryside or town (pueblo) and in the U.S.A. as family. The level of social isolation and loneliness among participants was evident.ConclusionsOlder Hispanic immigrants who are “aging out of place” integrate their past experiences of sense of place in their native country with their present experiences of home in the USA. The need to understand the role of the community and the family in the provision of nursing care in the home may be more important than the physical structure or setting in which it is delivered. Further intra‐ and cross‐national studies are needed to provide a framework for understanding the issues of ageing and immigration globally.Implications for PracticeGerontological nurses need to recognise the complexity of family relationships for older Hispanic persons who are ageing out of place of origin and their risk of depression, social isolation, and loneliness.
Breeding cowpea for resistance to Striga gesnerioides in the Nigerian dry savannas using marker‐assisted selection
Authors: Omoigui Lucky O. , Kamara Alpha Y. , Moukoumbi Yonnele D. , Ogunkanmi Liasu A. , Timko Michael P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHistorically, conventional breeding has been the primary strategy used to develop a number of Striga‐resistant varieties currently grown in the Sahel of Western Africa. In this study, we have successfully developed and applied a marker‐assisted selection strategy that employs a single backcross programme to introgress Striga resistance into farmer preferred varieties of cowpea for the Nigeria savannas. In this strategy, we have introduced the Striga resistance gene from the donor parent IT97K‐499‐35 into an elite farmer preferred cowpea cultivar ‘Borno Brown’. The selected 47 BC1F2 populations confirmed the recombinants with desirable progeny having Striga resistance gene(s). The 28 lines selected in the BC1F2:4 generation with large seed size, brown seed coat colour and carrying marker alleles were evaluated in the field for resistance to Striga resistance. This led to the selection of a number of desirable improved lines that were immune to Striga having local genetic background with higher yield than those of their parents and standard varieties.
Breeding for improved drought tolerance in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Maqbool Muhammad Amir , Aslam Muhammad , Ali Hina 
Published: April 2017

AbstractChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume crop as a protein source across the world. It is mostly grown on arid and marginal lands where it faces drought stress at different growth stages. Drought stress exerts drastic effects on nutrient uptake, hinders the nodule formation and adversely affects yield and yield components. Generally drought at any growth stage and organizational level is responsible for reduction in economic yield. Significant variability in chickpea germplasm is present on the basis of responses to drought stress in the form of drought escape, drought avoidance and drought tolerance; these mechanisms prevent chickpea crop from harmful effects of drought. Improvement in chickpea germplasm against drought stress could be made by using several breeding approaches, that is introduction, hybridization, mutation breeding, marker‐assisted breeding and omic techniques. These breeding approaches, especially marker‐assisted breeding and omics, are further strengthened with the availability of the chickpea genome sequence. This review highlighted the significance, status and advances in different breeding strategies for improvement of drought tolerance in chickpea.
Trade liberalization, forward‐looking firms, and welfare
Authors: Kao Kuo‐Feng , Peng Cheng‐Hau 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe set up an oligopolistic model with two exporting firms selling to a third market to investigate the welfare implications of trade liberalization when the exporting firms are forward‐looking. The results show that with cost asymmetry trade liberalization encourages the exporting firms to engage in tacit collusion, which may not only be detrimental to the domestic welfare, but also to the consumer surplus of the importing country. Moreover, we find that tacit collusion is less sustainable if the government of the importing country imposes a lower (higher) tariff on the more (less) efficient exporting firm. If a nonforward‐looking or a forward‐looking cost‐efficient domestic firm exists in the importing country, then trade liberalization also encourages tacit collusion.
A brief motivational interview promotes internal motivation to donate blood among young adults with and without a prior donation history
Authors: Livitz Irina E. , Fox Kristen R. , Himawan Lina K. , France Christopher R. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDRecruitment and retention of first‐time and repeat donors is essential to maintain a stable blood supply. Recent evidence has shown that promoting internal motivation may be an effective strategy to enhance donation behavior. We tested the efficacy of an in‐person motivational interview at increasing internal motivation and intention to donate.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA sample of 219 donors and nondonors (69.4% female; mean ± SD age, 19.2 ± 1.1 years; 52.1% nondonors) were randomly assigned to either a motivational or a knowledge interview. Immediately before and after the interview participants completed a measure of donation intention and the Blood Donor Identity Survey, which is a multidimensional measure of donor motivation.RESULTSA latent profile analysis revealed three distinct latent classes, which were identified as low internal motivation, mid internal motivation, and high internal motivation. Comparison of change in latent class from pre‐ to postinterview revealed that a higher proportion of participants in the motivational interview group moved to a more internally motivated class compared to the knowledge interview group (i.e., 34% vs. 4%, respectively). Further, relative to the knowledge interview group, participants in the motivational interview group reported greater increases in intention to donate.CONCLUSIONA brief motivational interview may enhance donation intention and intrinsic motivation among both experienced donors and nondonors alike.
The potentiating effect of hTFPI in the presence of hCD47 reduces the cytotoxicity of human macrophages
Authors: Jung Sung Han , Hwang Jeong Ho , Kim Sang Eun , Young Kyu Kim , Park Hyo Chang , Lee Hoon Taek 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation, hyperacute rejection of pig organs could be overcome by the production of α1,3‐galactosyltransferase knockout pigs. However, macrophage‐mediated acute rejection is another obstacle that needs to be overcome. Among the various candidate genes involved in acute rejection, CD47 inhibits monocyte/macrophage‐mediated phagocytosis by identifying the CD47 signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRP‐α) as self/non‐self. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is involved in the regulation of the coagulation pathway and is able to bind to another ligand of CD47, thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1). When TSP‐1 binds to CD47, phagocytosis in macrophages is increased.MethodsThe 2A peptide system was used to establish pig kidney cells (PK15) simultaneously expressing human CD47 and human TFPI, and they were cultured with activated THP‐1 cells. After staining with 7‐aminoactinomycin D, flow cytometry analysis was carried out. TFPI siRNA analysis and recombinant human TFPI (rhTFPI) treatment were performed to determine the potentiating effect of TFPI on pig cells for activated THP‐1 cells in the presence of CD47. Related inflammatory cytokines produced by activated THP‐1 cells were analyzed using qPCR and Western blot technique. In addition, the tyrosine phosphorylation level of SIRP‐α in activated THP‐1 cells was analyzed using immunoprecipitation and Western blot.ResultshCD47/hTFPI‐PK15 cells survived better than hCD47‐PK15, hTFPI‐PK15, or normal PK15 cells on cytotoxicity tests using activated THP‐1 cells. TSP‐1, derived from these activated THP‐1 cells, served as a mediator for this enhancing effect, and it also played a role in activated adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The tyrosine phosphorylation level of SIRP‐α in activated THP‐1 cells was further increased in the case of co‐expression of CD47/TFPI than in individual non‐expression or expression of CD47 or TFPI alone.ConclusionsWhen hCD47 was expressed, the expression of hTFPI leaded to tyrosine phosphorylation of SIRP‐α in activated THP‐1 cells via hTSP‐1 inhibition, and consequently, it might improve the effect of hCD47‐SIRP‐a signaling.
LunHab: interactive effects of a 10 day sustained exposure to hypoxia and bedrest on aerobic exercise capacity in male lowlanders
Authors: Keramidas Michail E. , Mekjavic Igor B. , Eiken Ola 
Published: April 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What are the distinct and interactive effects of a 10 day exposure to hypoxia and horizontal bedrest on the whole‐body peak oxygen uptake and on the regional cerebral and skeletal muscle tissue oxygenation during upright cycle ergometry in male lowlanders?

What is the main finding and its importance?
A 10 day sustained exposure to hypoxia aggravates the bedrest‐induced reduction in peak oxygen uptake during dynamic exercise engaging large muscle groups, but mitigates the skeletal muscle oxidative capacity impairment elicited by bedrest.

The study examined the interactive effects of a 10 day exposure to hypoxia and bedrest on the whole‐body peak oxygen uptake () during maximal exercise and on skeletal muscle and cerebral oxygenation during submaximal exercise. Nine males underwent three 10 day confinements, in a Latin‐square order, as follows: (i) a normoxic bedrest [NBR; partial pressure of inspired O2 () = 134.2 ± 0.7 mmHg]; (ii) a hypoxic bedrest (HBR; = 102.9 ± 0.1 mmHg at day 1, 91.5 ± 1.2 mmHg at days 3–10); and (iii) a hypoxic ambulation (HAMB; as in HBR). Before, 1 (R+1) and 3 days (R+3) after each confinement, subjects performed exhaustive, incremental‐load and moderate‐intensity constant‐load (CLTs) cycle‐ergometry trials, while breathing either room air or a hypoxic gas mixture. During the CLTs, changes in the regional oxygenation of the cerebral frontal cortex and the vastus lateralis and intercostal muscles were monitored with near‐infrared spectroscopy. At R+1, the confinement‐related impairment in was greater after HBR than after NBR or HAMB, regardless of whether the trial was performed in room air or hypoxia (HBR, −16.2%; NBR, −8.3%; HAMB, −4.1%; P = 0.001). During the CLTs, bedrest aggravated the exercise‐induced reduction in locomotor and respiratory muscle oxygenation (P ≤ 0.05); an effect that was less after HBR than after NBR (P ≤ 0.05). The hypoxic exercise‐induced cerebral vasodilatory response was blunted by HBR, probably because of the marked hyperventilation‐dependent hypocapnia, attendant to the sustained hypoxic stimulus. Hence, short‐term exposure to hypoxia potentiates the reduction in , but it mitigates the impairment in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity induced by bedrest.
Older people moving to residential care in Aotearoa New Zealand: Considerations for social work at practice and policy levels
Authors: McKenna Delia Margaret , Staniforth Barbara 
Published: April 2017

INTRODUCTION: This exploratory study, undertaken in 2013, sought to examine how older people, living in Auckland New Zealand who did not have family living locally, experienced the move from living at home, through a hospital admission to living in residential care. METHOD: Nine qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants while in hospital and following discharge to a residential care facility. Data were analysed thematically.RESULTS: For most, this move was a major, traumatic event in their lives. Participants identified both hindering and supportive factors through this process.CONCLUSION: The process of transition from hospital is helped by older people being involved in decision making, and having adequate time and prior information. An assisted living facility that enables autonomy, has flexibility, and services in place to meet on-going physical and psycho-social needs supports the settling-in process. Continuity of social work interventions, advocacy and reviews of policy may also be useful.
Chua Corsage Memristor: Phase Portraits, Basin of Attraction, and Coexisting Pinched Hysteresis Loops
Authors: Mannan Zubaer Ibna , Choi Hyuncheol , Rajamani Vetriveeran , Kim Hyongsuk , Chua Leon 
Published: April 2017

The Chua Corsage Memristor is the simplest example of a passive but locally active memristor endowed with two asymptotically stable equilibrium points [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] when powered by an E-volt battery, where [Formula: see text]. The basin of attraction is defined by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. By adding an inductor of appropriate value [Formula: see text] in series with the battery, the resulting circuit undergoes a supercritical Hopf bifurcation and becomes an oscillator for [Formula: see text]. Applying a sinusoidal voltage source [Formula: see text] across the Chua corsage memristor, one finds two distinct coexisting stable periodic responses, depicted by their associated pinched hysteresis loops, of the same frequency [Formula: see text] whose basin of attraction is defined by [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively, where [Formula: see text] depends on both amplitude A and frequency f. An in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the above global nonlinear phenomena is presented using tools from nonlinear circuit theory, such as Chua’s dynamic route method, and from nonlinear dynamics, such as phase portrait analysis and bifurcation theory.
GLIMPSE
Authors: Chen Tiffany Yu-Han , Balakrishnan Hari , Ravindranath Lenin , Bahl Paramvir 
Published: April 2017

Excerpted from "Glimpse: Continuous, Real-Time Object Recognition on Mobile Devices" from Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems with permission. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2809695.2809711 © ACM 2015.
Glimpse is a continuous, real-time object recognition system for camera-equipped mobile devices. Glimpse captures full-motion video, locates objects of interest, recognizes and labels them, and tracks them from frame to frame for the user. Because the algorithms for object recognition entail significant computation, Glimpse runs them on server machines. When the latency between the server and mobile device is higher than a frame-time, this approach lowers object recognition accuracy. To regain accuracy, Glimpse uses an active cache of video frames on the mobile device. A subset of the frames in the active cache are used to track objects on the mobile, using (stale) hints about objects that arrive from the server from time to time. To reduce network bandwidth usage, Glimpse computes trigger frames to send to the server for recognizing.