bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Materializing ‘Competence’: Perspectives From International STEM Scholars
Authors: CANAGARAJAH SURESH 
Published: January 2018

AbstractApplied linguists have been exploring approaches to second language acquisition and competence that move beyond a prioritization of cognition and grammar that was derived from the foundational structuralist legacy in linguistics. Recently, for example, they have collaborated in putting together an integrated alternative model (Douglas Fir Group, 2016) to move theory and pedagogy forward. Shifting further yet toward the material locus and spatiotemporal conditioning of communication, this article reports on the communicative practices of international STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) scholars. Its data analysis uses a spatial orientation informed by schools such as new materialism, post‐humanism, and actor network theory, influenced largely by scholars in material and spatial sciences. The article calls for a fuller materialization, embodiment, and performativity in theorizing language competence than currently conceptualized in applied linguistics.
Do We Still Need Reformers in the Church? The Case of Oscar Romero
Authors: Maier Martin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPope Francis wants a reform of the church and he sees Archbishop Oscar Romero of El Salvador as a model bishop, one who smells like his sheep and who was fully committed to a poor church for the poor. Pope Francis and Archbishop Romero agree that the basis for church reform must be the gospel. As Jesus did not preach himself but the kingdom of God, the church must be at the service of the kingdom, she is the sacrament of the kingdom. The first addressees of the good news of the kingdom of God were the poor, so there is an intrinsic relationship between the church and the poor. Church reform means that the church becomes more like Jesus Christ serving the poor, the needy and the marginalized.There is an intrinsic relationship between church reform and the signs of the times. The Second Vatican Council established a new relationship between the church and the world. Of key importance for this are the signs of the times as signs of the presence and the plans of God in history.Archbishop Romero's deepest and most creative spiritual and theological insight is his association of the passion of the Salvadoran people with the suffering servant of God and the crucified Christ. He spoke of a crucified people.
Reduction in anastomotic flow disturbance within a modified end‐to‐side arteriovenous fistula configuration: Results of a computational flow dynamic model
Authors: Carroll John , Varcoe Ramon L , Barber Tracie , Simmons Anne 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAimWe sought to determine if a modification to the peri‐anastomotic vein configuration during end‐to‐side arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation would achieve a favourable haemodynamic environment compared with the standard acute‐angle AVF.MethodsComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of two end‐to‐side AVF geometries (smooth‐vein‐loop vs. acute‐angle) allowed for haemodynamic modelling. Haemodynamic fields at various stages of the pulse cycle were observed and compared across both models.ResultsWe found a significant reduction in flow disturbance in the modified shape at the peri‐anastomotic vein region, a common site for stenosis. The acute anastomotic angle characteristic of a standard‐end‐to‐side AVF was found to cause significant flow disturbance throughout the pulse cycle.ConclusionComputational modelling indicates that improvements in the haemodynamic environment of an AVF are achievable when a gentle change in direction is present in the vein segment. This may lead to improved maturation and AVF patency through reduction in disturbed flow patterns.
Comparison of graft and patient outcomes following kidney transplantation in extended hour and conventional haemodialysis patients
Authors: See Emily J , Hawley Carmel M , Cho Yeoungjee , Toussaint Nigel D , Agar John WM , Pascoe Elaine M , Lim Wai H , Francis Ross S , Collins Michael G , Johnson David W 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAimDifferences in early graft function between kidney transplant recipients previously managed with either haemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis are well described. However, only two single‐centre studies have compared graft and patient outcomes between extended hour and conventional HD patients, with conflicting results.MethodsThis study compared the outcomes of all extended hour (≥24 h/week) and conventional HD patients transplanted in Australia and New Zealand between 2000 and 2014. The primary outcome was delayed graft function (DGF), defined in an ordinal manner as either a spontaneous fall in serum creatinine of less than 10% within 24 h, or the need for dialysis within 72 h following transplantation. Secondary outcomes included the requirement for dialysis within 72 h post‐transplant, acute rejection, estimated glomerular filtration rate at 12 months, death‐censored graft failure, all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality, and a composite of graft failure and mortality.ResultsA total of 4935 HD patients (378 extended hour HD, 4557 conventional HD) received a kidney transplant during the study period. Extended hour HD was associated with an increased likelihood of DGF compared with conventional HD (adjusted proportional odds ratio 1.33; 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.67). There was no significant difference between extended hour and conventional HD in terms of any of the secondary outcomes.ConclusionCompared to conventional HD, extended hour HD was associated with DGF, although long‐term graft and patient outcomes were not different.
Impedance spectroscopy measurements as a tool for distinguishing different luminal content during bolus transit studies
Authors: Ruiz‐Vargas A. , Mohd Rosli R. , Ivorra A. , Arkwright J. W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundIntraluminal electrical impedance is a well‐known diagnostic tool used to study bolus movement in the human esophagus. However, it is use in the human colon it is hindered by the fact that the content cannot be controlled and may include liquid, gas, solid, or a mixture of these at any one time. This article investigates the use of complex impedance spectroscopy to study different luminal content (liquid and gas).MethodsAn excised section of guinea pig proximal colon was placed in an organ bath with Krebs solution at 37°C and a custom built bioimpedance catheter was placed in the lumen. Liquid (Krebs) and gas (air) content was pumped through the lumen and the intraluminal impedance was measured at five different frequencies (1, 5.6, 31.6, 177.18 kHz and 1 MHz) at 10 samples per second. A numerical model was created to model the passage of bolus with different content and compared to the experimental data.Key ResultsDifferences in mean impedance magnitude and phase angle were found (from 1 to 177.18 kHz) for different contents. The numerical results qualitatively agreed with those in the experimental study. Conductivities of bolus had an effect on detecting its passage.Conclusions & InferencesComplex impedance spectroscopy can distinguish between different luminal content within a range of measuring frequencies. The numerical model showed the importance of bolus conductivities for bolus transit studies in those where the bolus is controlled.
Suppression of a single BAHD gene in Setaria viridis causes large, stable decreases in cell wall feruloylation and increases biomass digestibility
Authors: de Souza Wagner R. , Martins Polyana K. , Freeman Jackie , Pellny Till K. , Michaelson Louise V. , Sampaio Bruno L. , Vinecky Felipe , Ribeiro Ana P. , da Cunha Barbara A. D. B. , Kobayashi Adilson K. , de Oliveira Patricia A. , Campanha Raquel B. , Pacheco Thályta F. , Martarello Danielly C. I. , Marchiosi Rogério , Ferrarese‐Filho Osvaldo , dos Santos Wanderley D. , Tramontina Robson , Squina Fabio M. , Centeno Danilo C. , Gaspar Marília , Braga Marcia R. , Tiné Marco A. S. , Ralph John , Mitchell Rowan A. C. , Molinari Hugo B. C. 
Published: January 2018

Summary

Feruloylation of arabinoxylan (AX) in grass cell walls is a key determinant of recalcitrance to enzyme attack, making it a target for improvement of grass crops, and of interest in grass evolution. Definitive evidence on the genes responsible is lacking so we studied a candidate gene that we identified within the BAHD acyl‐CoA transferase family.

We used RNA interference (RNAi) silencing of orthologs in the model grasses Setaria viridis (SvBAHD01) and Brachypodium distachyon (BdBAHD01) and determined effects on AX feruloylation.

Silencing of SvBAHD01 in Setaria resulted in a c. 60% decrease in AX feruloylation in stems consistently across four generations. Silencing of BdBAHD01 in Brachypodium stems decreased feruloylation much less, possibly due to higher expression of functionally redundant genes. Setaria SvBAHD01 RNAi plants showed: no decrease in total lignin, approximately doubled arabinose acylated by p‐coumarate, changes in two‐dimensional NMR spectra of unfractionated cell walls consistent with biochemical estimates, no effect on total biomass production and an increase in biomass saccharification efficiency of 40–60%.

We provide the first strong evidence for a key role of the BAHD01 gene in AX feruloylation and demonstrate that it is a promising target for improvement of grass crops for biofuel, biorefining and animal nutrition applications.
Comparative genomics and transcriptomics depict ericoid mycorrhizal fungi as versatile saprotrophs and plant mutualists
Authors: Martino Elena , Morin Emmanuelle , Grelet Gwen‐Aëlle , Kuo Alan , Kohler Annegret , Daghino Stefania , Barry Kerrie W. , Cichocki Nicolas , Clum Alicia , Dockter Rhyan B. , Hainaut Matthieu , Kuo Rita C. , LaButti Kurt , Lindahl Björn D. , Lindquist Erika A. , Lipzen Anna , Khouja Hassine‐Radhouane , Magnuson Jon , Murat Claude , Ohm Robin A. , Singer Steven W. , Spatafora Joseph W. , Wang Mei , Veneault‐Fourrey Claire , Henrissat Bernard , Grigoriev Igor V. , Martin Francis M. , Perotto Silvia 
Published: January 2018

Summary

Some soil fungi in the Leotiomycetes form ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) symbioses with Ericaceae. In the harsh habitats in which they occur, ERM plant survival relies on nutrient mobilization from soil organic matter (SOM) by their fungal partners. The characterization of the fungal genetic machinery underpinning both the symbiotic lifestyle and SOM degradation is needed to understand ERM symbiosis functioning and evolution, and its impact on soil carbon (C) turnover.

We sequenced the genomes of the ERM fungi Meliniomyces bicolor, M. variabilis, Oidiodendron maius and Rhizoscyphus ericae, and compared their gene repertoires with those of fungi with different lifestyles (ecto‐ and orchid mycorrhiza, endophytes, saprotrophs, pathogens). We also identified fungal transcripts induced in symbiosis.

The ERM fungal gene contents for polysaccharide‐degrading enzymes, lipases, proteases and enzymes involved in secondary metabolism are closer to those of saprotrophs and pathogens than to those of ectomycorrhizal symbionts. The fungal genes most highly upregulated in symbiosis are those coding for fungal and plant cell wall‐degrading enzymes (CWDEs), lipases, proteases, transporters and mycorrhiza‐induced small secreted proteins (MiSSPs).

The ERM fungal gene repertoire reveals a capacity for a dual saprotrophic and biotrophic lifestyle. This may reflect an incomplete transition from saprotrophy to the mycorrhizal habit, or a versatile life strategy similar to fungal endophytes.
Bilirubin reversibly affects cell death and odontogenic capacity in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth
Authors: Yamaza H , Tomoda E , Sonoda S , Nonaka K , Kukita T , Yamaza T 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveHyperbilirubinemia in patients with biliary atresia causes deciduous tooth injuries such as green pigmentation and dentin hypoplasia. In patients with biliary atresia who received liver transplantation, tooth structure appears to be recovered radiographically. Nevertheless, little is known about cellular mechanisms underlying bilirubin‐induced damage and suppression of deciduous tooth formation. In this study, we examined the effects of bilirubin in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in vitro.Materials and MethodsSHED were cultured under exposure to excess of bilirubin and then interruption of bilirubin stimulation.ResultsBilirubin induced cell death and inhibited the odontogenic capacity of SHED by suppressing AKT and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathways and enhancing nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF‐κB p65) pathway. The interruption of bilirubin stimulation reduced cell death and recovered the inhibited odontogenic capacity of bilirubin‐damaged SHED. The bilirubin interruption also normalized the impaired AKT, ERK1/2, and NF‐κB p65 signaling pathways.ConclusionThese findings suggest that tooth hypodontia in patients with hyperbilirubinemia might be due to bilirubin‐induced cell death and dentinogenic dysfunction of odontogenic stem cells via AKT, ERK1/2, and NF‐κB pathways and also suggested that bilirubin‐induced impairments in odontogenic stem cells were reversible when bilirubin stimulation is interrupted.
Herpesviruses viral loads and levels of proinflammatory cytokines in apical periodontitis
Authors: Jakovljevic A , Knezevic A , Nikolic N , Soldatovic I , Jovanovic T , Milasin J , Andric M 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyse Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) viral loads in symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis lesions, to determine levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 in these lesions and to investigate a possible correlation between herpesviral copy numbers and levels of proinflammatory cytokines.Materials and MethodsA total of 100 samples of apical periodontitis were subjected to HCMV and EBV copy numbers analysis by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and TaqMan real‐time PCR. The concentrations of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 were determined by ELISA method. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the occurrence of EBV and HCMV between symptomatic and asymptomatic periapical lesions (p = .686, p = .879, respectively). Only 12 of 74 EBV (16.2%) and four of 54 HCMV (13.5%) nested PCR‐positive samples showed increased viral copy numbers above the limit of 125 copies/ml. There was no significant correlation between the levels of analysed proinflammatory cytokines and herpesviral copy numbers in our sample.ConclusionThe observed low viral loads point to a relatively rare occurrence of active EBV and HCMV infection in our sample. Latent herpesviral infection does not enhance the production of investigated proinflammatory cytokines.
Trends and predictors of implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation after sudden cardiac arrest: Insight from the national inpatient sample
Authors: Munir Muhammad Bilal , Alqahtani Fahad , Aljohani Sami , Bhirud Ashwin , Modi Sujal , Alkhouli Mohamad 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundImplantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has a class IA indication in survivors of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) provided no reversible cause is identified. We sought to determine trends and predictors of ICD implant in SCA patients from a national sample of the United States population.Methods and resultsData were gathered from National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from January 2003 to December 2014. All patients ≥18 years of age with a primary discharge diagnosis of SCA, ventricular fibrillation (VF), ventricular flutter, and ventricular tachycardia (VT) were included. Patients died during hospitalization, had a previous ICD implant, and with a reversible cause of SCA were excluded. Primary outcome of interest was rate of new ICD implant at discharge. Logistic regression analysis was then performed to determine predictors for ICD implantation. A total of 176,876 patients were identified to have SCA, VF, ventricular flutter, and VT. After applying exclusion criteria, we were left with 22,054 patients. Out of this, 6,908 (31%) patients were implanted with an ICD prior to discharge. There was a linear trend toward reduced ICD utilization over our study period (40% in 2003 vs 25% in 2014, P trend = 0.0004). Advanced age, black race, and chronic renal disease are independently associated with low ICD utilization.ConclusionWe found low trend of ICD implant in survivors of SCA without any reversible cause. There is a need to identify etiologies behind low ICD utilization in this vulnerable group who are at most risk for a subsequent SCA.
Volatile anesthesia for a pediatric patient with very long‐chain acyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: A case report
Authors: Hess Aaron S. , Rice Gregory M. , Jochman John D. , Muldowney Bridget L. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryWe report the case of a 3‐year‐old boy with very long‐chain acyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency presenting for adenotonsillectomy who was successfully and safely managed with a balanced anesthetic including sevoflurane. The anesthetic management is described, and the controversy surrounding volatile anesthetics in these patients is discussed.
Functional analysis of the seven in absentia ubiquitin ligase family in tomato
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Fan Youhong , Niu Xiangli , Miao Min , Kud Joanna , Zhou Bangjun , Zeng Lirong , Liu Yongsheng , Xiao Fangming 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSeven in absentia (SINA) protein is one subgroup of ubiquitin ligases possessing an N‐terminal cysteine‐rich really interesting new gene (RING) domain, two zinc‐finger motifs, and a C‐terminal domain responsible for substrate‐binding and dimerization. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the SINA gene family has six members, and we characterize in this study all tomato SINA (SlSINA) genes and the gene products. Our results show that SlSINA genes are differentially regulated in leaf, bud, stem, flower, and root. All SlSINA proteins possess RING‐dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, exhibiting similar specificity towards the E2 ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme. SlSINA1/3/4/5/6 are localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas SlSINA2 is exclusively localized in the nucleus. Moreover, all SlSINAs can interact with each other for homo‐ or hetero‐dimerization. The functionality of SlSINA proteins has been investigated. SlSINA4 plays a positive role in defense signalling, as manifested by elicitation of E3‐dependent hypersensitive response‐like cell death; the other SlSINAs are negative regulator and capable to suppress hypersensitive response cell death. Transgenic tomato plants overexpressing SlSINA2 exhibit pale‐green leaf phenotype, suggesting SlSINA2 regulates chlorophyll level in plant cells, whereas transgenic tomato plants overexpressing SlSINA5 have altered floral structure with exserted stigma, implicating SlSINA5 plays a role in flower development.
Roles of transient receptor potential channels in eclosion and movement in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Kim Hong Geun , Margolies David C. , Park Yoonseong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTransient receptor potential channels (TRPs) are a family of cation channels involved in various sensory mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster, including mechanosensing. Phylogenetic analysis of mechanosensory TRPs in seven members of the TRPV, TRPN and TRPA subfamilies reveals a unique TcTrpA5 in Tribolium castaneum that is likely lost in D. melanogaster. Because mechanosensors are implicated in various key physiology, we investigate the roles of eight candidate mechanosensory TRPs in survival, walking behaviour and tonic immobility in T. castaneum using the RNA interference technique. Double‐stranded RNA treatment of nompC (dsNompC) and trpA5 (dsTrpA5) results in eclosion failure, causing 93% mortality of beetles subjected to each of these treatments. The beetles that survive the dsNompC treatment show defects during sclerotization of the elytra. Adult beetles treated with dsNanchung and dsInactive show defects in the folding of the joint between the femur and tibia segments of the hind legs, resulting in abnormal walking behaviour and reduced walking speed. Regarding tonic immobility induced by mechanical stimulations on the ventral surface, knockout responses (death feignings) are significantly extended with dsNanchung, dsInactive and dsWaterwitch treatments. These data suggest that both nompC and trpA5 are required for adult eclosion. The functions of nanchung and inactive are involved in the folding the hind leg segments. In addition, nanchung, inactive, and waterwitch are likely the receptors involved in recovery from tonic immobility.
Photochemistry and Photophysics of Shinorine Dimethyl Ester
Authors: Orallo Dalila E. , Fangio María Florencia , Poblet Martin , Carignan Mario O. , Bernal Luis , Carreto José I. , Bertolotti Sonia G. , Churio María Sandra 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe photostability and photophysical properties of the dimethyl ester of the mycosporine‐like amino acid shinorine have been experimentally evaluated in aqueous solution and in the presence of direct micelles prepared with a cationic or an anionic detergent, respectively. In comparison with shinorine, the ester molecule increases the photostability, the fluorescence quantum yield and the fluorescence lifetime in water as well as in the micellar solutions. The effects are more pronounced in sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions and suggest that the electrostatic attractions with the micellar interface contribute to limit the movement of the molecules and influence the relative rate of their deactivation channels. However, the predominance of the nonradiative decay is maintained together with the UV photoprotective ability of this atypical mycosporine species.
Diversity of pollination ecology in the Schismatoglottis Calyptrata Complex Clade (Araceae)
Authors: Hoe Y. C. , Gibernau M. , Wong S. Y. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Field studies integrating pollination investigations with an assessment of floral scent composition and thermogenesis in tropical aroids are rather few. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the pollination biology of nine species belonging to Schismatoglottis Calyptrata Complex Clade. The flowering mechanism, visiting insect activities, reproductive system, thermogenesis and floral scent composition were examined.

Anthesis for all species started at dawn and lasted 25–29 h. Colocasiomyia (Diptera, Drosophilidae) are considered the main pollinators for all the investigated species. Cycreon (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) are considered secondary pollinators as they are only present in seven of the nine host plants, despite the fact that they are the most effective pollen carrier, carrying up to 15 times more pollen grains than Colocasiomyia flies. However, the number of Colocasiomyia individuals was six times higher than Cycreon beetles. Chaloenus (Chrysomelidae, Galeuricinae) appeared to be an inadvertent pollinator. Atheta (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) is considered a floral visitor in most investigated species of the Calyptrata Complex Clade in Sarawak, but a possible pollinator in S. muluensis. Chironomidae midges and pteromalid wasps are considered visitors in S. calyptrata.

Thermogenesis in a biphasic pattern was observed in inflorescences of S. adducta, S. calyptrata, S. giamensis, S. pseudoniahensis and S. roh. The first peak occurred during pistillate anthesis; the second peak during staminate anthesis. Inflorescences of all investigated species of Calyptrata Complex Clade emitted four types of ester compound, with methyl ester‐3‐methyl‐3‐butenoic acid as a single major VOC (volatile organic compound). The appendix, pistillate zone, staminate zone and spathe emitted all these compounds.

A mixed fly–beetle pollination system is considered an ancestral trait in the Calyptrata Complex Clade, persisting in Sarawak taxa, whereas the marked reduction of interpistillar staminodes in taxa from Peninsular Malaysia and especially, Ambon, Indonesia, is probably linked to a shift in these taxa to a fly‐pollinated system.