bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetospheric and solar wind dependences of coupled fast‐mode resonances outside the plasmasphere
Authors: Archer M. O. , Hartinger M. D. , Walsh B. M. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe investigate the magnetospheric and solar wind factors that control the occurrence probabilities, locations, and frequencies of standing Alfvén waves excited via coupled fast‐mode resonances (cFMRs) in the outer magnetosphere's dawn and dusk sectors. The variation of these cFMR properties with the observed magnetospheric plasma density profiles and inputs to the semiempirically modeled magnetic field from the numerical cFMR calculations of Archer et al. (2015) are studied. The probability of cFMR occurrence increases with distance between the magnetopause and the Alfvén speed's local maximum. The latter's location depends on magnetospheric activity: during high activity it is situated slightly outside the plasmapause, whereas at low activity it is found at much larger radial distances. The frequencies of cFMR are proportional to the Alfvén speed near the magnetopause, which is affected by both density and magnetic field variations. The location of the excited resonance, however, depends on the relative steepness of the Alfvén speed radial profile. The steeper this is, the closer the resonance is to the outer boundary and vice versa. The variation of the density profiles with solar wind conditions and activity is also shown.
Solar wind periodicities in thermal electrons at Saturn
Authors: Carbary J. F. , Rymer A. M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLomb periodogram analyses were applied to all thermal electron data from the Cassini Plasma Science instrument from mid‐2004 to mid‐2011. Very strong periods at ~26 days were observed in the fluxes of electrons with energies less than 1000 eV. At higher energies, such a strong solar wind period was not apparent, and numerous signals appeared between ~5 days and ~22 days for E > 100 eV. The amplitudes of all these signals greatly exceeded those recognized in the electrons at the ~10.7 h period related to planetary rotation. A simulation using Cassini orbits and a 2‐D model of electron fluxes indicate that the 5–22 day periods were caused by the spacecraft orbits into and out of electron radiation belts. Definitive signals do not exist at the periods of Saturn's moons.
First simultaneous multistation observations of the polar cap thermospheric winds
Authors: Wu Qian , Jee Geonhwa , Lee Changsup , Kim Jeong‐Han , Kim Yong Ha , Ward William , Varney Roger H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBased on two northern (Eureka 80.0°N, 85.9°W, magnetic latitude (MLAT) 88, and Resolute 74.7°N, 94.8°W, MLAT 83) and one southern (Jang Bogo 74.7°S, 164.2°E, MLAT 77) polar cap stations, simultaneous thermospheric wind data during the northern (December) and southern (June) winter months were obtained and compared with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) simulations driven by the Weimer ion convection model. The TIEGCM simulation overestimates the thermospheric wind by 30 to 60%. The thermospheric winds at Eureka were larger than those at Resolute probably because Eureka is at high‐geomagnetic latitude. The observed ion drifts observed by Resolute Incoherent Scatter Radar North face at Resolute also show that the Weimer ion convection model overestimates the ion drift. The observation and simulation also appear to suggest that the ion convection pattern in the Weimer model may be too large. The observed thermospheric winds at Jang Bogo are smaller than the TIEGCM but mostly in the zonal component. The thermospheric winds are smaller at Jang Bogo than the two northern stations which are likely due to their lower magnetic latitude. The results indicate the presence of internal structure in the thermospheric winds inside the polar cap and call for more observations in the polar cap to be undertaken.
Mapping the nonstationary internal tide with satellite altimetry
Authors: Zaron Edward D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTemporal variability of the internal tide has been inferred from the 23 year long combined records of the TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason‐1, and Jason‐2 satellite altimeters by combining harmonic analysis with an analysis of along‐track wavenumber spectra of sea‐surface height (SSH). Conventional harmonic analysis is first applied to estimate and remove the stationary components of the tide at each point along the reference ground tracks. The wavenumber spectrum of the residual SSH is then computed, and the variance in a neighborhood around the wavenumber of the mode‐1 baroclinic M2 tide is interpreted as the sum of noise, broadband nontidal processes, and the nonstationary tide. At many sites a bump in the spectrum associated with the internal tide is noted, and an empirical model for the noise and nontidal processes is used to estimate the nonstationary semidiurnal tidal variance. The results indicate a spatially inhomogeneous pattern of tidal variability. Nonstationary tides are larger than stationary tides throughout much of the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans.
Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization Reactions of Isocyanides with α‐Diazocarbonyls as N‐Terminal Electrophiles: Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Imidazolines and 1,1′‐Biimidazoles
Authors: Bu Xiu‐Bin , Yu Yang , Li Bin , Zhang Lu , Chen Jia‐Jia , Zhao Yu‐Long 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe reactions of α‐diazocarbonyls have been extensively studied and widely applied in organic synthesis acting as 1,3‐dipoles, metal carbene precursors and C‐nucleophiles. However, the utility of the electrophilic capability of their terminal nitrogen has been a challenging problem. Herein, a novel copper‐catalyzed cascade cyclization reaction of isocyanides with α‐diazocarbonyls as N‐terminal electrophiles has been developed for the first time. The reaction involves a sequential intermolecular nucleophilic addition/[3+2] cycloaddition/intramolecular cyclization‐ring‐opening/elimination procedure and provides a new and efficient method for the construction of imidazolines and biimidazoles in a single step from readily available starting materials under very mild conditions.magnified image
Nickel‐Catalyzed Deoxygenative Deuteration of Aryl Sulfamates
Authors: Kuriyama Masami , Kujirada Shota , Tsukuda Kotaro , Onomura Osamu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe nickel‐catalyzed deoxygenative deuteration of aryl/heteroaryl sulfamates has been developed, and the effective incorporation of deuterium into a variety of aromatic compounds was achieved with sufficient catalytic efficiency and high deuteration degree. This process tolerated reducible functional moieties and heterocyclic structures. Additionally, a double introduction of deuterium also successfully gave a desired product with a high yield and deuterium content.magnified image
Caffeine alleviates progressive motor deficits in a transgenic mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia
Authors: Gonçalves Nélio , Simões Ana T. , Prediger Rui D. , Hirai Hirokazu , Cunha Rodrigo A. , Pereira de Almeida Luís 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveMachado–Joseph disease (MJD) is a neurodegenerative spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) associated with an expanded polyglutamine tract within ataxin‐3 for which there is currently no available therapy. We previously showed that caffeine, a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, delays the appearance of striatal damage resulting from expression of full‐length mutant ataxin‐3. Here we investigated the ability of caffeine to alleviate behavioral deficits and cerebellar neuropathology in transgenic mice with a severe ataxia resulting from expression of a truncated fragment of polyglutamine‐expanded ataxin‐3 in Purkinje cells.MethodsControl and transgenic c57Bl6 mice expressing in the mouse cerebella a truncated form of human ataxin‐3 with 69 glutamine repeats were allowed to freely drink water or caffeinated water (1g/L). Treatments began at 7 weeks of age, when motor and ataxic phenotype emerges in MJD mice, and lasted up to 20 weeks. Mice were tested in a panel of locomotor behavioral paradigms, namely rotarod, beam balance and walking, pole, and water maze cued‐platform version tests, and then sacrificed for cerebellar histology.ResultsCaffeine consumption attenuated the progressive loss of general and fine‐tuned motor function, balance, and grip strength, in parallel with preservation of cerebellar morphology through decreasing the loss of Purkinje neurons and the thinning of the molecular layer in different folia. Caffeine also rescued the putative striatal‐dependent executive and cognitive deficiencies in MJD mice.InterpretationOur findings provide the first in vivo demonstration that caffeine intake alleviates behavioral disabilities in a severely impaired animal model of SCA. Ann Neurol 2017;81:407–418
Long‐term study of CO2 absorption by PVDF/ZSM‐5 hollow fiber mixed matrix membrane in gas–liquid contacting process
Authors: Rahbari‐Sisakht Masoud , Fauzi Ismail Ahmad , Matsuura Takeshi , Emadzadeh Daryoush 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn order to fabricate hollow fiber mixed matrix membrane (HFMMM) for long‐term CO2 absorption process, ZSM‐5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil–5) zeolite was modified using hexadecyltrichlorosilane for increasing hydrophobicity and then added to the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) spinning dope. The in‐house made HFMMMs were characterized in terms of gas permeance, overall porosity, average pore size, effective surface porosity, surface roughness, mechanical stability, and wetting resistance. The morphology of the HFMMMs was studied using SEM. The cross‐sectional SEM images indicated that the membrane structure has changed from sponge‐like to finger‐like by ZSM‐5 loading. The surface roughness increased by increasing ZSM‐5 concentration in the spinning dope. The HFMMM spun from the spinning dope with 0.5 wt % of ZSM‐5 zeolite showed that the CO2 absorption flux decreased 18.9% in the initial 115 h of the operation and then the absorption flux remained constant until the end of the operation. For plain PVDF HFM the absorption flux decreased 36% from the initial value in the first 15 h of the experiment. Thus it could be concluded that the long term stability of HFM was improved by the incorporation of ZSM‐5. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44606.
Experimental test of oyster restoration within eelgrass
Authors: Valdez Stephanie R. , Peabody Betsy , Allen Brian , Blake Brady , Ruesink Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Both seagrasses and oysters are foundation species valued for their wide range of ecosystem services, but their space competition sets a constraint on joint benefits. A reserve for native Olympia oysters (Ostrea lurida) was established in lower Hood Canal (Washington State, USA) more than a century ago but is now devoid of that species and dominated by native eelgrass (Zostera marina). This situation sets up a conservation conflict because management activities for one species are at odds with the protection of another.
In experimental enhancement plots, Olympia oysters were outplanted at low density, which successfully maintained eelgrass density and production. One method was used in 2013 (seeded cultch, 8% cover) and two additional methods in 2015 (anchored cultch and single oysters, the latter at 4% cover).
For all outplant methods, oysters experienced 99% annual mortality, associated with the attraction of non‐native and native predators. Shell cover remained steady for a year and then declined rapidly, as shell accumulation did not exceed sedimentation rates.
Eelgrass per se does not preclude Olympia oysters, given that the two species were observed to co‐occur at a coastal estuarine site (Willapa Bay, Washington). However, even when socio‐political constraints on restoration activities were overcome, ecological constraints remained from predation. Competition between these two protected species was avoided, but it may be the case that top‐down control on oysters was particularly acute owing to low oyster density and/or the environmental conditions of eelgrass beds.
Achievements, Challenges, and Opportunities in DNA‐Encoded Library Research: An Academic Point of View
Authors: Yuen Lik Hang , Franzini Raphael M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDNA‐encoded chemical libraries (DECLs) are pools of DNA‐tagged small molecules that enable facile screening and identification of bio‐macromolecule binders. The successful development of DECLs has led to their increasingly important role in drug development, and screening hits have entered clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the development and currently active research areas of DECLs with a focus on contributions from groups at academic institutes. We further look at opportunities and future directions of DECL research in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology based on the symbiotic relationship between academia and industry. Challenges associated with the application of DECLs in academic drug discovery are further discussed.
Disruption and restoration of nucleolar FC and DFC during S phase in HeLa cells
Authors: Guan Xin , Jiao Yang , Chen Lingling , Li Xiliang , Shang Guangbin , Wang Fengcai , Feng Yunpeng , Jiao Mingda 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn the higher eukaryotic nucleolus, fibrillar centers (FCs), the dense fibrillar components (DFCs), and the granular components (GCs) are functional domains structurally relatively well‐defined by electron microscopy (EM). However, ultrastructural alterations in FC, DFC, and GC during the cell cycle and their associated cellular functions are still largely unclear. Based on synchronized HeLa cells, we followed the structural dynamics of nucleolus during cell cycle by EM. We found that nucleolus structure shifted from tripartite to bipartite organization and FC/DFCs were reorganized in S phase with three distinct stages: (1) In early‐S phase, FC/DFC structures were disassembled. (2) In mid‐S phase, a transition from FC/DFC disruption to restoration occurred. As FC/DFC structures were completely disassembled, nucleoli became structurally homogenous. (3) In late‐S phase, the number of small FC/DFCs increased and subsequently large FC/DFCs were constructed. Our data demonstrated that nucleolar FC/DFCs in interphase are presented in two different forms or states due to disassembly and reassembly. FC/DFCs in G1 are nucleolar structures constructed concomitantly with the establishment of nucleoli derived from the nucleolar organizer region (NOR). FC/DFCs in G2 are nucleolar components reconstituted after the global reassembly in mid‐S phase. Dynamic nucleolus structures revealed in this study may serve as ultrastructural characteristics to reflect distinct stages of the cell cycle. By providing evidence for the temporal and spatial regulation of nucleolus, our findings contribute to the coupling of nucleolus structures to cell cycle dependent functions.
DNA base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair synergistically contribute to survival of stationary‐phase cells of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Senoo Takanori , Kawano Shinji , Ikeda Shogo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDefects of genome maintenance may causally contribute to aging. In general, base excision repair (BER) is involved in the repair of subtle base lesions and AP sites, and bulky helix‐distorting lesions are restored by nucleotide excision repair (NER). Here, we measured the chronological lifespan (CLS) of BER‐ and NER‐deficient mutants of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and observed the aging process of cells. The CLS of the nth1 (gene for DNA glycosylase/AP lyase) mutant and the rad16 (a homolog of human XPF) mutant were slightly shorter than that of the wild‐type (WT) strain. However, survival of the nth1Δ rad16Δ double mutant was significantly reduced after entry into the stationary phase. Deletion of rad16 in an AP endonuclease mutant apn2Δ also accelerated chronological aging. These results indicate that BER and NER synergistically contribute to genome maintenance in non‐dividing cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in cells during the stationary phase, and nth1Δ rad16Δ cells produced more ROS than WT cells. High mutation frequencies and nuclear DNA fragmentation were observed in nth1Δ rad16Δ stationary‐phase cells concurrent with apoptotic‐like cell death. Calorie restriction significantly reduced the level of ROS in the stationary phase and extended the CLS of nth1Δ rad16Δ cells. Therefore, ROS production critically affects the survival of the DNA repair mutant during chronological aging.
Copper deficiency‐related bone marrow changes secondary to long‐term total parenteral nutrition
Authors: Oo Thein Hlaing , Hu Shimin 
Published: December 2016

Key Clinical MessageTotal parenteral nutrition can be complicated by the marrow sea‐blue histiocytes as well as copper deficiency‐related bone marrow changes. Cytoplasmic vacuoles in the erythroid and myeloid precursors raise the possibility of copper deficiency anemia. If the diagnosis is delayed, the clinical course can be complicated by neurologic deficits.
A new method for robust mixture regression
Authors: Yu Chun , Yao Weixin , Chen Kun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFinite mixture regression models have been widely used for modelling mixed regression relationships arising from a clustered and thus heterogenous population. The classical normal mixture model, despite its simplicity and wide applicability, may fail in the presence of severe outliers. Using a sparse, case‐specific, and scale‐dependent mean‐shift mixture model parameterization, we propose a robust mixture regression approach for simultaneously conducting outlier detection and robust parameter estimation. A penalized likelihood approach is adopted to induce sparsity among the mean‐shift parameters so that the outliers are distinguished from the remainder of the data, and a generalized Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm is developed to perform stable and efficient computation. The proposed approach is shown to have strong connections with other robust methods including the trimmed likelihood method and M‐estimation approaches. In contrast to several existing methods, the proposed methods show outstanding performance in our simulation studies.The Canadian Journal of Statistics45: 77–94; 2017 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada
Safety, Tolerability, and Antihypertensive Effect of SER100, an Opiate Receptor‐Like 1 (ORL‐1) Partial Agonist, in Patients With Isolated Systolic Hypertension
Authors: Kantola Ilkka , Scheinin Mika , Gulbrandsen Trygve , Meland Nils , Smerud Knut T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe purpose of the present trial was to evaluate safety, tolerability, and effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) of SER100 in a small group of patients with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in treatment with at least 1 antihypertensive drug. Eligible patients were randomized to either SER100 (10 mg) or placebo in a crossover design, and 2 doses were given subcutaneously (SC), 8 hours apart, on 2 consecutive days. On all treatment days patients were monitored with an ambulatory blood pressure measurement device for 12 daytime hours. Seventeen patients completed treatment. There were no serious or severe adverse events. Relative to placebo SER100 induced an average reduction of SBP during the 2 treatment days of 7.0 mm Hg (P = 0.0032), whereas the average reduction of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) over the same period was 3.8 mm Hg (P = 0.0011). For patients with ISH, this short‐term cross‐over study of SC SER100 demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and consistent, significant lowering of SBP and DBP. As initial clinical proof of concept for a new class of drugs, a nociceptin agonist peptide, the results were encouraging and warrant further research.
A resource allocation game with restriction mechanism in VANET cloud
Authors: Tao Jun , Xu Yifan , Zhang Ziyi , Feng Fuqin , Tong Fei , Dong Fang 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIn Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), because of the selfishness of the vehicles, the resource allocation in VANET has become one of the primary tasks. Exploiting the Road Side Units (RSUs), which constructs the Cloud Computing environment, provides more data access opportunities and stable communication time for the vehicles. We investigated the cloud resource allocation for data access with noncooperative game based on a Gauss–Seidel iteration method. We further proposed a repeated game scheme, which can approximately achieve the near Pareto‐optimal flow allocation among the vehicles. Considering the vehicles' irrational behavior, a punishment strategy was designed to prevent the vehicles from behavior deviation. The analysis based on these models lays a theoretical method foundation on cloud resource allocation process. The validity of the modeling and the accuracy of the analysis were verified through the extensive simulations, which also guide the future design of more sophisticated cloud resource allocation schemes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research and implementation of a high performance parallel computing digital down converter on graphics processing unit
Authors: Shao Guo‐lin , Chen Xing‐shu , Yang Lu 
Published: December 2016

SummaryDigital down converter (DDC) is a time‐intensive and data‐intensive computing task and considered as the key technology in software defined radio. This paper proposes a high‐performance implementation of DDC on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using CUDA, which is composed of a numerically controlled oscillator stage, a cascaded integrator‐comb (CIC) decimation filter stage, and a finite impulse response (FIR) filter stage. The GPU implementation and optimizing of all the stages are studied in detail. Additionally, for handling a long‐duration signal, the signal data sequence is truncated into segments; the overlap‐save and overlap‐add mechanisms were applied in CIC stage and FIR stage, respectively. Finally, experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of GPU‐based DDC with respect to a sequential version CPU implementation and an OpenMP implementation (16 threads). Experimental results demonstrate that the DDC achieves significant improvements on the GPU; the maximum speed ups in numerically controlled oscillator stage, CIC stage, and FIR stage can achieve more than 1242, 527, and 179 times, including data‐transfer, kernel execution, and other processing operations; the overall speed up of DDC can achieve more than 180. In the meantime, the speed ups of GPU implementation are far above the OpenMP implementation (about 2.5‐6.4 times).
SNARE proteins play a role in motor axon guidance in vertebrates and invertebrates
Authors: Barrecheguren Pablo José , Ros Oriol , Cotrufo Tiziana , Kunz Beat , Soriano Eduardo , Ulloa Fausto , Stoeckli Esther T. , Araújo Sofia J. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAxonal growth and guidance rely on correct growth cone responses to guidance cues, both in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the periphery. Unlike the signaling cascades that link axonal growth to cytoskeletal dynamics, little is known about the cross‐talk mechanisms between guidance and membrane dynamics and turnover in the axon. Our studies have shown that Netrin‐1/deleted in colorectal cancer signaling triggers exocytosis through the SNARE Syntaxin‐1 (STX‐1) during the formation of commissural pathways. However, limited in vivo evidence is available about the role of SNARE proteins in motor axonal guidance. Here we show that loss‐of‐function of SNARE complex members results in motor axon guidance defects in fly and chick embryos. Knock‐down of Syntaxin‐1, VAMP‐2, and SNAP‐25 leads to abnormalities in the motor axon routes out of the CNS. Our data point to an evolutionarily conserved role of the SNARE complex proteins in motor axon guidance, thereby pinpointing an important function of SNARE proteins in axonal navigation in vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 963–974, 2017