bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Insights into Pediatric Foreign Bodies: A Cluster Analysis of Symptoms and Assessment of Caregiver Reports
Authors: Alzate-Ricaurte Sergio , Gallego Edgar Dario Alzate , Salazar Santiago Correa , Gómez Inés Elvira , Barbosa Mario Miguel , Avila Fernando Fierro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Foreign body (FB) events are prevalent in emergency room consultations, with 107,000 cases annually in the United States (80% in the pediatric population). They result in an estimated 1,500 mortalities each year. A cross-sectional study between February 2008 and September 2015, employing hierarchical cluster analysis of signs and symptoms at presentation to the emergency room was performed. Sensitivity, specificity, and decision curve analysis for a caregivers’ report of events was calculated with confirmed FB diagnosis as a reference. 1,032 patients were included, 886 suspected ingestion and 166 suspected aspiration patients. For aspiration, a higher frequency of complications (14.3%) and mortalities (4.76%) were observed in the cluster exhibiting most respiratory symptoms. For ingestion, associations for complications (3.6%), longer stays (mean, 55.1 hours) and mortality (n = 2) were identified in a cluster with respiratory pattern. Increased respiratory symptoms at presentation are potential predictors of severe outcomes, intuitively in cases of aspiration, but notably in ingestion. Although definitive diagnostic procedures are still necessary, the severity of respiratory symptoms helps identify patients at risk of complications and helps prioritize resources when necessary. Caregivers’ certainty of FB aspiration yielded a 72.5% sensitivity and 45.4% specificity. Certainty of FB ingestion resulted in 86.8% sensitivity and 19.8% specificity.
Pollution and health risk assessment of soil, water and vegetables from an ion-adsorption rare earth mining area in Ganzhou, China
Authors: Zhu Liye , Huang Jinyu , Hu GongHua , Wang Qi , Huang Hui , Wang Sihui , Wu Chunmei , Sun Ziyue , Fang Yi , Hao Ming , Xiong Liang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Rare earth elements (REEs) are increasingly recognized as significant environmental pollutants due to their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and chronic toxicity. This study assessed REEs pollution in soil, water, and vegetables in an ion-adsorption rare earth mining area in Ganzhou, and evaluated the associated health risks to the local population. Results indicated that the REEs content in soil ranged from 168.58 to 1915.68 mg/kg, with an average of 546.71 mg/kg, substantially surpassing the background level for Jiangxi Province (243.4 mg/kg) and the national average (197.3 mg/kg). Vegetables displayed an average REE content of 23.17 mg/kg in fresh weight, far exceeding the hygiene standard of 0.7 mg/kg. Water samples contained REEs at a concentration of 4.09 µg/L. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of REEs from vegetables exceeded the threshold for subclinical damage, posing potential health risks, particularly for children and adolescents. Further analysis of the adjusted average daily intake (ADI) suggested that while most vegetable consumption remains within safe threshold, the intake of REEs from high-risk vegetables such as pakchoi and radish should be limited.
Predictive Value of Perilesional Edema Volume in Melanoma Brain Metastasis Response to Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Yavorska Mariya , Tomiciello Miriam , Antonio Sciurti , Cinelli Elisa , Rubino Giovanni , Perrella Armando , Cerase Alfonso , Pastina Pierpaolo , Gravina Giovanni Luca , Arcieri Silvia , Mazzei Maria Antonietta , Migliara Giuseppe , Baccolini Valentina , Marampon Francesco , Minniti Giuseppe , Tini Paolo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and aim:
Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is an established treatment for melanoma brain metastases (MBM). Recent evidence suggests that perilesional edema volume (PEV) might compromise the delivery and efficacy of radiotherapy to treat BM. This study investigated the association between SRT efficacy and PEV extent in MBM.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study reviewed medical records from January 2020 to September 2023. Patients with up to 5 measurable MBMs, intracranial disease per RANO/iRANO criteria, and on low-dose corticosteroids were included. MRI scans assessed baseline neuroimaging, with PEV analyzed using 3D Slicer. SRT plans were based on MRI-CT fusion, delivering 18–32.5 Gy in 1–5 fractions. Outcomes included intracranial objective response rate (iORR) and survival measures (L-iPFS and OS). Statistical analysis involved decision tree analysis and multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for clinical and treatment variables.
Results
Seventy-two patients with 101 MBM were analyzed, with a mean age of 68.83 years. The iORR was 61.4%, with Complet Response (CR) in 21.8% and Partial Response (PR) in 39.6% of treated lesions. PEV correlated with KPS, BRAF status, and treatment response. Decision tree analysis identified a PEV cutoff at 0.5 cc, with lower PEVs predicting better responses (AUC = 0.82).Patients with PEV ≥ 0.5 cc had lower response rates (iORR 44.7% vs. 63.8%, p < 0.001). Median OS was 9.4 months, with L-iPFS of 27 months. PEV significantly impacted survival outcomes.
Conclusions
A more extensive PEV was associated with a less favorable outcome to SRT in MBM.
Bedside tool for the diagnosis of gastric mucosal lesions prior to endoscopy
Authors: Kayamba Violet , Munshi Husna , Mulenga Chola , Kelly Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) mucosal lesions is primarily via endoscopy. We investigated the diagnostic accuarcy of the Sanguis-filum (S-filum), a bedside tool for detecting UGI mucosal lesions.
Results
We tested 200 consenting patients, 112 (56%) females and 88 (44%) males attending for endoscopy at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka. Ninety-five (47%) of the patients had visible mucosal lesions; 45 (23%) of them had peptic ulceration, and 9 (5%) had gastric cancer. Ninety-one (46%) S-filum tests were positive. We found an association between positive S-filum results and the presence of mucosal lesions (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.2–4.1, p = 0.007) but not gastric cancer (OR 3.5; 95% CI 0.7–22, p = 0.09). S-filum was insufficiently sensitive; missing mucosal lesions in 54%, and gastric cancer in 33% of cases. For detection of mucosal lesions, the sensitivity was 56%, specificity 64% with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.60. For GC, the sensitivity was 67%, the specificity was 64%, with area under the ROC of 0.65. As a screening test prior to endoscopy, the S-filum is not sufficiently accurate for detecting UGI mucosal lesions of GC.
A Comprehensive analysis of the prognostic value, expression characteristics and immune correlation of MKI67 in cancers
Authors: pan xiaolan , Wei Caibiao , Su Jingyu , Fang Min , Lin Qiumei , Qin Yuling , Gao Jie , Zhao Jie , Zhao Huiliu , Liu Fengfei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: nuclear-associated antigen Ki67 (Ki67) emerges as a clinically practical biomarker for proliferation assessment among many cancer types. However, the definite prognostic value of Ki67 against a specific cancer type has remained vague. This study aims to perform a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of the prognosis value of Ki67 across various cancer types.
Methods: This study explored the expression, prognostic value, and tumor-infiltrating immune of MKI67 in the TCGA database by pan-cancer, and then performed immunohistochemical, correlation analysis and prognostic analysis using 10028 patients of the top 10 cancer patients in China we collected. The correlation between MKI67 expression and survival outcome, clinical features, MSI, TMB, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells by TCGA database, xCell, and TIMER algorithms.
Results: MKI67 expression was significantly upregulated across varied cancer types verified by datasets. We found MKI67 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in LUADLUSC, LIHC, and BRCA patients, but good prognosis in COADREAD and READ patients via Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using 10028 patients collected. These results of our validation were generally consistent with TCGA database except BRCA, COADREAD and READ. Meanwhile, upregulation of MKI67 elevates the degree of immune infiltration of several immune cell subtypes, such as functional T cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells, as well as, MKI67 was related to Cell cycle, Oocyte meiosis, p53 and other pathways.
Conclusion: Our comprehensive analysis may supply useful guidance on MKI67 applicability across various cancer types. These observed results contribute to the promise of MKI67 in a realistic clinical setting and improve the outcomes of cancer patients.
Survival machine learning model of T1 colorectal postoperative recurrence after endoscopic resection and surgical operation：a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Zhihong , Aihemaiti Yiliyaer , Yang Qianqian , Ahemai Yiliminuer , Li Zimei , Du Qianqian , Wang Yan , Zhang Hanxiang , Cai Yingbin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To construct a postoperative recurrence prediction model for patients with T1 colorectal cancer after endoscopic resection and surgical operation used survival machine learning algorithms.
Methods
Based on Two tertiary first-class affiliated hospitals, the case data of 582 patients with T1 colorectal cancer after endoscopic resection and surgical operation were obtained, and the information included patient personal information, treatment modalities, pathologically relevant information were extracted. After Boruta algorithm feature selection, Predictors of significant contributions were determined. The patients were divided into training set and test set at a ratio of 7༚3, five survival machine learning models: Random Survival Forest (RSF), GradientBoosting (GB), Survival Tree (ST), CoxPH and Coxnet for develop models.To interpret results based on SHAP algorithm.
Results
People at high risk of lymph node metastasis have a poorer prognosis, Different treatment methods have no significant impact on the prognosis of recurrence, The C-index and IBS scores of Random survival forest model in the test data are 0.848, 0.098, Its time-dependent AUC is 0.918, The interpretability analysis of the model showed that submucosal invasion depth < 1000µm, tumor budding grade BD1, Lymphovascular invasion and Perineural invasion is absent, well differentiated cancer cells, and tumor size < 20mm have positive effects on the model, Feature with negative gain is a contributing factor to the absence of recurrence in patients.
Conclusions
The prognostic model constructed by survival machine learning for patients with colorectal cancer has good performance. It can provide accurate individualized prediction.
Adverse events after nivolumab and ipilimumab combined immunotherapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma: a multicentre experience in Poland
Authors: Pacholczak-Madej Renata , Drobniak Artur , Stokłosa Łukasz , Bidas Anna , Dobrzańska Jolanta , Grela-Wojewoda Aleksandra , Roman Agnieszka , Tusień-Małecka Daria , Walocha Jerzy , Blecharz Paweł , Puskulluoglu Mirosława 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been employed in the adjuvant and metastatic setting of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment. Among ICIs, combined immunotherapy has the highest risk for immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We aimed to document the incidence of irAEs in RCC patients treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab (O+Y), as data from the European population remain limited.
Materials and methods: We analysed data from 88 RCC patients treated with O+Y between May 2022 and June 2024 across six high-volume oncology units in Poland. We reviewed irAEs and estimated their impact on survival parameters via univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, along with log-rank tests.
Results: With a median follow-up of 11.3 months, the median overall survival (OS) was not reached, whereasthe median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.8 months (6.3–19.3). A total of 74 irAEs were recorded in 50 patients. The most frequent events were endocrine (n=20, 27%), hepatic (n=15, 17%), general (n=12, 13.6%), and cutaneous (n=11, 12.5%). The occurrence of irAEs was associated with a 60% lower risk of disease progression (hazard ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.2–0.87, p=0.018) without impacting OS and higher disease control rate (n=45, 90% vs. n=24, 63.2%, p=0.004). In contrast, patients with hepatotoxicity had poorer outcomes, with a 2.6-fold greaterrisk of death (p=0.05).
Conclusions: IrAEs may serve as a predictive factor for the efficacy of the O+Y regimen in RCC patients. Special attention is needed for hepatotoxicity, as it can significantly impact survival outcomes.
First-trimester screening and small for gestational age in twin pregnancies: a single center cohort study.
Authors: Queirós Alexandra Sofia , Bernardo Ana , Rijo Cláudia , Carocha Ana , Ferreira Leonor , Martins Ana Teresa , Cohen Álvaro , Alves Marta , Papoila Ana Luísa , Simões Teresinha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal factors and first-trimester biophysical and biochemical markers with small for gestational age (SGA) neonates in twin pregnancies (TwPs).
Methods: Single center retrospective cohort study of TwPs followed from January 2010 to December 2022 at a tertiary perinatal center, Lisbon, Portugal. Inclusion criteria consisted of 572 TwPs. Maternal and pregnancy characteristics, mean arterial pressure, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), and uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) were analyzed. Univariable, multivariable logistic regression (LR) and receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses were performed. The main outcomes measures considered were: SGA <3rd, <5th and <10th percentile, composite outcome of SGA concurrent with preterm birth (PTB) (<32, <34, and <36 weeks).
Results: TwPs affected with SGA <3rd, <5th or <10th percentiles were 120/572 (20.9%), 157/572 (27.4%) and 190/572 (33.2%), respectively. SGA <3rd percentile was associated with higher rate of PTB, 59.0% of cases <32 weeks, OR 6.4 (95%CI: 3.2-12.7, p<0.001). UtA-PI and PAPP-A were identified as significant independent risk factors associated with SGA, as well as with the composite outcome of SGA concurrent with PTB. A LR model was obtained for the composite outcome SGA <3rd percentile and PTB <32 weeks, with an AUC of 0.765, a sensitivity rate of 70%, and a false positive rate of 20%.
Conclusion: SGA concurrent with prematurity significantly impacts TwPs, and the majority of pregnancies at risk for this outcome can be detected in the first trimester. However, larger datasets are necessary to develop robust predictive models.
Synopsis:
The association between first-trimester screening data and SGA concurrent with very preterm birth in twin pregnancies was determined in most of the cases.
High-resolution climate models improve simulation of monsoon rainfall changes in the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin
Authors: Ali Haider , Fowler Hayley J , Turner Andrew G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study examines observed and projected changes in monsoon timing (onset/withdrawal/duration) and strength (total and extreme rainfall) in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin. While prior South Asia monsoon research has mainly used coarse-resolution models, we utilised CMIP6 HighResMIP models to assess whether improved horizontal resolution (HR-models: <0.25°) improves the simulation of the monsoon when compared to low resolution (LR-models: 0.35 to 1.2 °), evaluated against reference datasets (MSWEP and ERA5). Our findings indicate that HR-models generally outperform LR-models in capturing monsoon characteristics, with the bias in annual average rainfall higher in LR-models. Between 1979-2014, MSWEP (ERA5) tends towards an earlier (later) onset by around 7 (3) days, a later withdrawal by around 8 (12) days, resulting in a longer monsoon duration of approximately 15 (9) days, respectively; much larger changes than both HR- and LR- MODELS. The trends in duration are highest for MSWEP and lowest for LR-models. We find that HR-models better capture observed trends in total and extreme rainfall over 1979-2014 compared to LR-models. For the future climate (2015-2050), HR-(LR-) model ensembles project a delay of ~4 (3) days in monsoon onset under the SSP585 forcing scenario, with HR-models indicating a later onset compared to LR-models. However, HR-models project a shorter monsoon duration and an earlier withdrawal (~3 days) compared to LR-models. We find that HR-models project a significantly greater increase in rainfall than LR-models: these project increases in extreme monsoon rainfall (up to 5.55%/decade) and total monsoon rainfall (around 1.4%/decade) in the GBM basin, while LR-models project little change. Our findings highlight the large uncertainties in simulating monsoon characteristics from climate models, but show that HR-models can be helpful in studying changing monsoon dynamics over the complex topography of the GBM basin.
Remnant cholesterol has a nonlinear association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A secondary retrospective cohort study in non-obese Chinese adults
Authors: Zhou Yan , Han Yong , Shu Qing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Evidence linking non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with residual cholesterol (RC) is weak. In this study, Chinese adults who were not obese were examined for a relationship between NAFLD and RC levels.
Methods
16,004 non-obese volunteers were included in a retrospective cohort study at a Chinese clinic between the start of 2010 and the end of 2014. The correlation between initial RC levels and the likelihood of developing NAFLD was investigated using the proportional hazards regression (Cox) model. Using cubic spline functions and smooth curve fitting technique, a two-piecewise proportional hazards regression (Cox) method was used to investigate nonlinear associations between RC and NAFLD. There were numerous sensitivity assessments carried out. The information was posted on the DATADRYAD website.
Results
The results showed a positive correlation between RC and incidence of NAFLD after controlling for variables (HR = 1.061, 95% CI 1.045–1.078). Between RC and NAFLD, a nonlinear connection was found, with a turning point at 98.29 mg/dL. The effect sizes (HR) were 1.150 (95% CI 1.106, 1.194) and 1.009 (95% CI 0.982, 1.037) on either side of the turning point, respectively. A sensitivity examination further supported the stability of the findings.
Conclusion
In a Chinese sample that is not obese, this research emphasizes a potentially favorable nonlinear connection between RC and NAFLD risk. When RC was below 98.29 mg/dL, RC was substantially associated with the risk of NAFLD. Thus, from a therapeutic standpoint, keeping RC levels below this cutoff would be advantageous.
Simulation and test of the seeding performance of clamped dibbler based on ADAMS-EDEM coupling
Authors: Mao Zibin , Ma Jinhu , Xu Luochuan , Li Xiyang , Li Junwei , Hu Bin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

To address the problems of poor adaptability and low working speed of the current mechanical dibblers for irregular seeds, such as maize seeds, a springless clamping and variable hole volume seed-taking method was proposed. Select large, medium, and small maize seeds to study the effects of operating speed and seed morphology on seeding performance, and the Adams-Edem coupling simulation was used to perform a virtual test of the sowing performance. Two equilibrium states of seeds during abnormal seed-taking were revealed, and a method to break the equilibrium state utilizing the movement law of the seed-taking slider was put forward. Through the analyse of shape adaptability, it was found that the mean length of the toothed seed and the coincidence position of the width at the shaped hole's entrance under different thicknesses greatly influenced the seeding performance. When the rotation speed was 85 rpm (5.8 km·h− 1), the qualified index of the four seeds was greater than 92.5%, the repetition index was less than 5%, and the coefficient of seed distance variation was less than 15%. The dibbler satisfies the agronomic requirement of precision seeding for each variety and provides a new method for the mechanical sowing of irregularly shaped seeds.
Comparison of the aquatic toxicity of diquat and its metabolites to zebrafish Danio rerio
Authors: Shi Lanxin , Wang Xinru , Dai Yaoyao , Zhou Wendong , Wu Shenggan , Shao Bo , Nabanoga Gorettie Nsubuga , Ji Chenyang , Zhao Meirong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Diquat (DQ) is a non-selective, fast-acting herbicide that is extensively used in aquatic systems. DQ has been registered as the substitute for paraquat due to its lower toxicity. However, the widespread presence of DQ in aquatic systems can pose an ecological burden on aquatic organisms. Additionally, DQ can degrade into its metabolites, diquat-monopyridone (DQ-M) and diquat-dipyridone (DQ-D) in the environment, whereas, the ecological risks of the metabolites remain uncertain. Herein, the aquatic ecological risks of DQ and its metabolites were compared using zebrafish as model non-target organism. Results indicated that DQ and its metabolites did not induce significant acute toxicity to zebrafish embryos at environmental relevant levels. However, exposure to DQ and DQ-D resulted in oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos. DQ treatment led to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonaldehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) in the embryos, while DQ-D enhanced internal MDA and GSH levels. Moreover, the activities of the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were significantly suppressed by DQ and DQ-D. Besides, the expression levels of antioxidative-related genes (Mn-SOD, CAT, and GPX) were disturbed accordingly after DQ and DQ-D treatments. These findings underscore the importance of a more comprehensive understanding of the ecological risks associated with pesticide substitutions and pesticide metabolites. Such knowledge is crucial for significant improvements in pesticide regulation and policy-making in the future.