bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers for monitoring clinical efficacy of allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma: an EAACI Position Paper
Authors: Shamji M. H. , Kappen J. H. , Akdis M. , Jensen‐Jarolim E. , Knol E. F. , Kleine‐Tebbe J. , Bohle B. , Chaker A. M. , Till S. J. , Valenta R. , Poulsen L. K. , Calderon M. A. , Demoly P. , Pfaar O. , Jacobsen L. , Durham S. R. , Schmidt‐Weber C. B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundAllergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) with or without asthma. It is important to note that due to the complex interaction between patient, allergy triggers, symptomatology and vaccines used for AIT, some patients do not respond optimally to the treatment. Furthermore, there are no validated or generally accepted candidate biomarkers that are predictive of the clinical response to AIT. Clinical management of patients receiving AIT and efficacy in randomised controlled trials for drug development could be enhanced by predictive biomarkers.MethodThe EAACI taskforce reviewed all candidate biomarkers used in clinical trials of AR patients with/without asthma in a literature review. Biomarkers were grouped into seven domains: (i) IgE (total IgE, specific IgE and sIgE/Total IgE ratio), (ii) IgG‐subclasses (sIgG1, sIgG4 including SIgE/IgG4 ratio), (iii) Serum inhibitory activity for IgE (IgE‐FAB and IgE‐BF), (iv) Basophil activation, (v) Cytokines and Chemokines, (vi) Cellular markers (T regulatory cells, B regulatory cells and dendritic cells) and (vii) In vivo biomarkers (including provocation tests?).ResultsAll biomarkers were reviewed in the light of their potential advantages as well as their respective drawbacks. Unmet needs and specific recommendations on all seven domains were addressed.ConclusionsIt is recommended to explore the use of allergen‐specific IgG4 as a biomarker for compliance. sIgE/tIgE and IgE‐FAB are considered as potential surrogate candidate biomarkers. Cytokine/chemokines and cellular reponses provided insight into the mechanisms of AIT. More studies for confirmation and interpretation of the possible association with the clinical response to AIT are needed.
The amount of television that infants and their parents watched influenced children's viewing habits when they got older
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Chan , Li Yi‐Fan , Wu Wen‐Chi , Chiang Tung‐liang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimExcessive television (TV) exposure has negative impacts on a child's development, health and behaviour. This study examined the under‐researched area of what impact infant and parental TV viewing during a child's infancy had on the child's later viewing habits.MethodsData on 18 577 babies born in 2005 were collected from the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study, a prospective longitudinal study of a nationally representative cohort. Group‐based trajectory analysis was conducted to identify childhood TV viewing trajectories at 18, 36 and 66 months of age. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the influence of parents’ TV behaviour on their children's TV viewing trajectories.ResultsThe percentage of children falling into the TV viewing trajectories that were identified were low (20%), increasing (46.5%) and high (33.5%). The child's TV viewing trajectory was significantly associated with the child's sex, parent's monthly household income, child's day care arrangements, maternal and paternal education, maternal and paternal TV viewing time and whether the child's TV viewing time was restricted.ConclusionThe amount of TV that children watched when they were older was associated with a range of factors, and the results particularly highlight the need to restrict child and parental viewing time in infancy.
Editorial: improving in‐hospital management of decompensated cirrhosis by a ‘care bundle’ – hope, frustration, and lessons to learn
Authors: Bosch J. 
Published: February 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Dyson et al and McPherson et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13806 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13933.
Leximin Asymmetric Multiple Objective Distributed Constraint Optimization Problem
Authors: Matsui Toshihiro , Matsuo Hiroshi , Silaghi Marius , Hirayama Katsutoshi , Yokoo Makoto 
Published: February 2017

The Distributed Constraint Optimization Problem (DCOP) lies at the foundations of multiagent cooperation. With DCOPs, the optimization in distributed resource allocation problems is formalized using constraint optimization problems. The solvers for the problem are designed based on decentralized cooperative algorithms that are performed by multiple agents. In a conventional DCOP, a single objective is considered.The Multiple Objective Distributed Constraint Optimization Problem (MODCOP) is an extension of the DCOP framework, where agents cooperatively have to optimize simultaneously multiple objective functions. In the conventional MODCOPs, a few objectives are globally defined and agents cooperate to find the Pareto optimal solution. However, such models do not capture the interests of each agent. On the other hand, in several practical problems, the share of each agent is important. Such shares are modeled as preference values of agents. This class of problems can be defined using the MODCOP on the preferences of agents. In particular, we define optimization problems based on leximin ordering and Asymmetric DCOPs (Leximin AMODCOPs). The leximin defines an ordering among vectors of objective values. In addition, Asymmetric DCOPs capture the preferences of agents. Because the optimization based on the leximin ordering improves the equality among the satisfied preferences of the agents, this class of problems is important. We propose several solution methods for Leximin AMODCOPs generalizing traditional operators into the operators on sorted objective vectors and leximin. The solution methods applied to the Leximin AMODCOPs are based on pseudo trees. Also, the investigated search methods employ the concept of boundaries of the sorted vectors.
Mislabeling Seafood Does Not Promote Sustainability: A Comment on Stawitz et al. (2016)
Authors: Mariani Stefano , Cawthorn Donna‐Mareè , Hanner Robert 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRecently, Stawitz et al. collated existing primary literature on DNA identification of finfish products and conducted a series of analyses to explore the environmental and economic ripples of species substitution. While we agree that the assessment of the impacts of seafood mislabeling is paramount, we show that the main conclusion of the study, which hints at a positive ecological impact arising from misnaming traded finfish species, is not warranted by the data, and may inadvertently cause damage to public perceptions of seafood provision, sustainability, and marine resource management.
Evaluation of longitudinal left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery ectasia and vitamin D deficiency by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Aghajani Hasan , Faal Mohsen , Hosseinsabet Ali 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesCoronary artery ectasia (CAE) is defined as the dilation of at least one segment of the coronary arteries that reaches at least 1.5 times the size of a normal neighboring segment. It has been shown that left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is impaired in patients with CAE. Also, it has been shown that LV function is impaired in vitamin D–deficient subjects compared with vitamin D–sufficient subjects and vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in CAE patients. We hypothesized that LV function is impaired in patients with CAE so we evaluated longitudinal LV myocardial function by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) in patients with CAE and vitamin D deficiency without significant coronary artery stenosis and compared the results with those of subjects with vitamin D deficiency and near‐normal coronary arteries.MethodsOur study population comprised 21 consecutive patients with CAE and without significant coronary artery stenosis (<50%) and 31 control subjects with near‐normal coronary arteries. All subjects had vitamin D deficiency.ResultsAll 2DSTE‐derived indices of longitudinal LV function, comprised of the absolute values of systolic strain (14.0±2.7% vs 15.4±2.3%, P=.039), systolic strain rate (1.2±0.2/s vs 1.3±0.2/s, P=.015), early diastolic strain rate (1.1±0.3/s vs 1.3±0.3 s−1, P=.030), and late diastolic strain rate (0.8±0.2/s vs 1±0.2/s, P=.005), were reduced in the patients with CAE and vitamin D deficiency.ConclusionsThe systolic and diastolic functions of the LV in the patients with CAE and vitamin D deficiency were impaired as evaluated by 2DSTE.
Inotuzumab ozogamicin in relapsed B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Thota Swapna , Advani Anjali 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDespite an improved understanding of disease biology and the use of multi‐agent chemotherapy, the long‐term survival of adults with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) ranges from 35% to 50%. Management of patients with relapsed B‐ALL, a group characterized by dismal outcomes, poses a clinical challenge. To address this unmet need, novel therapeutics are being investigated in the setting of relapsed B‐ALL with encouraging results. CD22 is an important B‐cell antigen expressed in 80‐90% of B‐ALL cases. CD22 undergoes constitutive endocytosis with antibody ligation, making it an attractive biologic target for immunoconjugates. Inotuzumab ozogamicin (IO), a CD22‐targeted antibody‐drug conjugate demonstrated impressive single agent activity even among heavily pretreated relapsed B‐ALL patients. A recent randomized phase III clinical trial demonstrates superiority of IO over standard of care chemotherapy as first‐ or second‐line salvage therapy for relapsed B‐ALL. In this review, we summarize the preclinical and clinical data available to date using IO in relapsed B‐ALL.
Experience counts: Integrating spearfishers’ skills and knowledge in the evaluation of biological and ecological impacts
Authors: Diogo H. , Pereira J. G. , Schmiing M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFishing experience and skills are not commonly considered in recreational fishery studies. To analyse potential different biological/ecological impacts of three experience levels of spearfishers (novice, intermediate and experienced), access point surveys were conducted over a period of 10 months in São Miguel Island (Azores archipelago). Groups differed in terms of catch rate and composition, species size and vulnerability (i.e. intrinsic vulnerability index of fishes to fishing). Experienced spearfishers explored different areas along the island coast, fished deeper and farther off shore, were more selective regarding fish size and target species, reached higher catch weights and had catches with a higher mean index of vulnerability. Results suggest that catch composition and rate not only depend on fish community and ecosystem health, but also on the expertise of the fishers who operate in a given area. Consequently, scientific studies should consider fishers’ experience in the survey design and data analysis to not over‐ or underestimate their potential impact.
An investigation of the biological basis of recruitment, growth and adult survival rate variability of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) from British Columbia: a synthesis
Authors: Tanasichuk R. W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractI explored the biological basis of variation in recruitment (age 3 abundance), growth and age‐specific adult survival rate for the major populations [West Coast Vancouver Island (WCVI), Strait of Georgia, Central Coast, North Coast and Haida Gwaii] of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) that inhabit British Columbian waters. The analyses were based on a synthesis of time series of empirical observations of herring population characteristics (egg deposition, age‐specific abundance and size) and prey, competitor and predator biomass/abundance. Recruitment was not correlated among populations. Recruitment variability was explained for WCVI herring only, as a consequence of prey (the euphausiid Thysanoessa spinifera) biomass during August in each of the first 3 years of life, and the biomass of piscivorous Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) during the first year of life. Recruit mass and adult mass‐at‐age were correlated among populations and over ages within populations. Recruit mass was affected by T. spinifera biomass in August of the first and third years of life. Adult mass‐at‐age variability was determined mainly by size at the beginning of the growth season, but also by T. spinifera biomass in August. Age‐specific adult survival rates were not correlated among the five populations. Survival rates decreased with age; there were additional population‐specific effects of somatic mass and T. spinifera biomass in August. The analyses were repeated using physical oceanographic explanatory variables. Only recruit mass variation was explained significantly by physical oceanographic variables, and the biological‐based explanation of recruit mass variability accounted for more of the variation.
The ethics of postoperative pain management: Mapping nurses' views
Authors: Cano Romero Maria Dolores , Muñoz Sastre Maria Teresa , Quintard Bruno , Sorum Paul C. , Mullet Etienne 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAim: We explored the positions of nurses working in hospitals regarding the acceptability of refusing to give a repeat dose of painkiller to a postoperative patient who requested it. These positions were compared with that of lay people, physicians, and other health professionals. Design and Methods: Factorial design was used to assess the impact of 6 situational factors: the patient's age, the current level of pain as assessed by the nurse, the number of requests, the level of risk associated with the administration of a repeat dose, the outcome of surgery, and the giving of alternative mild analgesics. We implemented a combination of scenario technique and of cluster analysis. Data were collected from April 2013 to December 2015. Participants: 138 registered nurses, 32 nurse's aides, 33 physicians, 23 psychologists, and 169 lay people participated in the study. Results: We found 4 qualitatively different meaningful positions. A plurality of participants (57% of nurses) considered that refusing was not acceptable, irrespective of circumstances. A substantial minority of participants (but 52% of physicians) considered that refusing was acceptable only if the level of pain was low and the risk was high. Other participants (mostly lay people) considered that refusing was always acceptable each time a risk of side effects, either serious or simply mild, was present.
Development and testing of the CALDs and CLES+T scales for international nursing students’ clinical learning environments
Authors: Mikkonen Kristina , Elo Satu , Miettunen Jouko , Saarikoski Mikko , Kääriäinen Maria 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the new Cultural and Linguistic Diversity scale, which is designed to be used with the newly validated Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale for assessing international nursing students’ clinical learning environments.BackgroundIn various developed countries, clinical placements are known to present challenges in the professional development of international nursing students.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsData were collected from eight Finnish universities of applied sciences offering nursing degree courses taught in English during 2015–2016. All the relevant students (N = 664) were invited and 50% chose to participate. Of the total data submitted by the participants, 28% were used for scale validation. The construct validity of the two scales was tested by exploratory factor analysis, while their validity with respect to convergence and discriminability was assessed using Spearman's correlation.ResultsConstruct validation of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale yielded an eight‐factor model with 34 items, while validation of the Cultural and Linguistic Diversity scale yielded a five‐factor model with 21 items.ConclusionA new scale was developed to improve evidence‐based mentorship of international nursing students in clinical learning environments. The instrument will be useful to educators seeking to identify factors that affect the learning of international students.
Diversity and Evolution of Paramoeba spp. and their Kinetoplastid Endosymbionts
Authors: Sibbald Shannon J. , Cenci Ugo , Colp Morgan , Eglit Yana , O'Kelly Charles J. , Archibald John M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMembers of the genus Paramoeba (including Neoparamoeba) (Amoebozoa) are single‐celled eukaryotes of economic and ecological importance because of their association with disease in a variety of marine animals including fish, sea urchins, and lobster. Interestingly, they harbor a eukaryotic endosymbiont of kinetoplastid ancestry, Perkinsela sp. To investigate the complex relationship between Paramoeba spp. and Perkinsela sp., as well as the relationships between different Paramoeba species, molecular data was obtained for four novel isolates. We also acquired new data from the urchin pathogen P. invadens. Comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analyses were carried out using 33 newly obtained 18S rDNA sequences from the host amoebae and 16 new 18S rDNA sequences from their corresponding Perkinsela sp., together with all publicly available 18S molecular data. Intra‐isolate 18S rDNA nucleotide diversity was found to be surprisingly high within the various species of Paramoeba, but relatively low within their Perkinsela sp. endosymbionts. 18S rDNA phylogenies and ParaFit co‐evolution analysis revealed a high degree of congruence between the Paramoeba and Perkinsela sp. tree topologies, strongly suggesting that a single endosymbiotic event occurred in the common ancestor of known Paramoeba species, and that the endosymbionts have been inherited vertically ever since.
Evaluation of Systematic Position of Helicoprorodontids and Chaeneids (Ciliophora, Litostomatea): An Attempt to Break Long Branches in 18S rRNA Gene Phylogenies
Authors: Vďačný Peter , Rataj Matej 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPhylogenetic position of some free‐living litostomatean taxa has not been correctly determined because of long‐branch artifacts in 18S rRNA gene trees. The main aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of various masking algorithms, tree‐building techniques, binarization of DNA data as well as combining morphological and molecular data to eliminate long‐branch attraction of two problematic groups, helicoprorodontids and chaeneids. Guidance and SlowFaster masking in a combination with PhyloBayesian tree construction erased the artifactual positions of helicoprorodontids and chaeneids. On the other hand, binarization of DNA sequences and the strategy of combining morphological and molecular data eliminated only the artifactual position of chaeneids but not that of helicoprorodontids which were still being attracted by out‐group taxa. According to statistical tree topology tests and comparative morphological studies, helicoprorodontids are classified as a distinct order while chaeneids are considered to be fast evolving members of the order Lacrymariida. The high body contractility, “cephalization” of the anterior body end, and helicalization of the anterior portion of some or all somatic ciliary rows indicate relatedness of helicoprorodontids, chaeneids, and lacrymariids. On the other hand, the dorsal brush separated from the circumoral kinety by dense ciliary files supports kinships of chaeneids, lacrymariids, and didiniids.
Implementation of Observational Pain Management Protocol for Residents With Dementia: A Cluster‐RCT
Authors: Liu Justina Y. W. , Lai Claudia K. Y. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate whether the implementation of the Observational Pain Management Protocol (Protocol) can improve pain management for nursing home residents with dementia.DesignA two‐group, single‐blinded, cluster‐randomized controlled trial.SettingSeventeen nursing homes.ParticipantsHundred and twenty eight recruited residents with advanced dementia and pain‐related diagnoses were allocated to either the control or the experimental conditions based on the randomized group allocated to their home.InterventionsThe Protocol, which includes assessing, interpreting, and verifying the participants’ observed pain scores, initiating pain‐relieving interventions according to the observed pain scores, and reassessment, was implemented in the experimental homes for 12 weeks to guide the pain management of the participants. Meanwhile, the control homes continued to employ their usual pain management strategies.MeasurementsThese included the use of pain medications (measured by the Medication Quantification Scale) and non‐pharmacological pain treatments in terms of types and frequency, as well as the participants’ observational pain scores (assessed by Chinese‐Pain Assessment IN Advanced Dementia).ResultsA significant increase in the frequency (95% CI: −0.13 to −0.09, P < .01) and type (95% CI: −0.05 to −0.02, P < .01) of non‐pharmacological interventions used was seen in the experimental homes in comparison with the control homes. However, no statistically significant difference in the use of pain medications was observed. A significant reduction in the observational pain score (95% CI: −0.26 to −0.17, P < .001) was obtained only in the experimental home.ConclusionThis study supports the view that the Protocol is of clinical utility in enhancing the use of non‐pharmacological pain‐relieving interventions among residents with advanced dementia, leading to a reduction in their observational pain‐related behaviors. However, the Protocol did not have any effect on the use of pain medications.
Study of efficacy of esthetic High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound system on Iranian skin for reducing the laxity and wrinkles of aging
Authors: Saket Parvaneh , Shobeihi Shobeir , Mehrdadi Soroush 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundUltrasound is a mechanical wave that transmitted in a straight line and it can be focused at frequencies of 1‐7 MHz with a high degree of precision. An important aspect of HIFU is that damaging focal point is located several millimeters below the surface of the skin and tissue above and below the focal point remains unaffected. Due to absorption of this energy, temperature of tissue rises to more than 60°C and this stimulates the cells for collagen production and tissue rejuvenation.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound on Skin Laxity and wrinkles.Material and MethodThe study involved 22 women aged 35‐62 with skin type II‐IV. HIFU device with three transducers was employed. Various focal depths with different energies were used in accordance with skin thickness. Improvement for seven regions of face and whole face were evaluated by two dermatologists and patients 3 months after treatment.ResultsAll of the patients completed the study. Three months after treatment, there was a highly statistical improvement in skin laxity for all of the patients. Also, the average percentage of improvement by doctor's opinion and patients was 58% and 60%, respectively.ConclusionThe experimental data obtained from dermatologists and patients showed that HIFU appears to be a safe and effective modality for skin laxity treatment.