bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Remote ortho‐C—H Alkenylation of Alkyl Aryl Sulfones: Access to Densely Functionalized Indane Derivatives.
Authors: Legarda Pablo D. , Garcia‐Rubia Alfonso , Gomez Arrayas Ramon , Carretero Juan C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA highly regio‐ and monoselective alkenylation of functionalized benzyl or phenylethyl 2‐pyridyl sulfones with 1‐substituted or 1,2‐disubstituted electron‐deficient alkenes is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed α‐Selective C—H Functionalization of Olefins: En route to 4‐Imino‐β‐lactams.
Authors: Kong Wei‐Jun , Liu Yue‐Jin , Xu Hui , Chen Yan‐Qiao , Dai Hui‐Xiong , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe title lactam derivatives are readily prepared with excellent cis‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Direct Synthesis of α‐Methylene‐ and α‐Alkylidene‐β‐lactams.
Authors: Hussein Marwa , Nasr El Dine Assaad , Fares Fares , Dorcet Vincent , Hachem Ali , Gree Rene 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe application of the Kinugasa reaction to alkynes bearing a nucleofuge in propargylic position gives a very direct entry to α‐methylene‐ and α‐alkylidene‐β‐lactams.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Oxindoles via ′Transition‐Metal‐Free′ Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Coupling (IDC) of (sp2) C—H and (sp3) C—H Bonds.
Authors: Kumar Nivesh , Ghosh Santanu , Bhunia Subhajit , Bisai Alakesh 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared through C—C bond formation via tBuOK‐mediated one‐pot alkylation of β‐N‐phenylamido esters with alkyl halides followed by a dehydrogenative coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Alkylation of C3‐Substituted Indoles with o‐Hydroxybenzyl Alcohols: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Diarylindol‐2‐ylmethanes and Evaluation on Their Cytotoxicity.
Authors: Wu Qiong , Ma Chun , Du Xi‐hua , Chen Yan , Huang Tian‐zi , Shi Xiao‐qin , Tu Shu‐jiang , Cai Pei‐jun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed Friedel—Crafts alkylation of 2‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols (I) with 3‐methylindols (II) and (IV) is established.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrahydronaphthyridines from Aldehydes and HARP Reagents via Radical Pictet—Spengler Reactions.
Authors: Jackl Moritz K. , Kreituss Imants , Bode Jeffrey W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA new class of reagents to access α‐substituted tetrahydronaphthyridines and their regioisomers via a formal Pictet—Spengler reaction in a predictable manner is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Fused Tetracyclic Pyridazino[6,1‐b]pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinazolin‐9(1H)‐one Derivatives via a Tandem Reaction.
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Ting , Qiang Wen‐Wen , Yao Chang‐Sheng , Wang Xiang‐Shan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe tandem reaction of hydrazide (I) with ketone (II) proceeds in the presence of excess NaHCO3 to give the title products (III) containing three new rings.
ChemInform Abstract: Accessing Elaborated 2,1‐Borazaronaphthalene Cores Using Photoredox/Nickel Dual‐Catalytic Functionalization.
Authors: Jouffroy Matthieu , Davies Geraint H. M. , Molander Gary A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA range of borazaronaphthalene derivatives are efficiently and selectively alkylated using ammonium alkylsilicates under base‐free, near‐neutral conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Borylated Lactones from Esters via Electrophilic Oxyboration.
Authors: Faizi Darius J. , Issaian Adena , Davis Ashlee J. , Blum Suzanne A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBorylated isocoumarins and pyrones are obtained from a range of alkynes with good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: (+)‐(14β)‐14‐Ethylmatridin‐15‐one, a New Quinolizidine Alkaloid from the Poisonous Plant Oxytropis ochrocephala BUNGE.
Authors: Tan Cheng‐Jian , Yi Ping , Goto Masuo , Morris‐Natschke Susan L. , Liu Li‐Na , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung , Zhao Bao‐Yu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe new quinolizidine alkaloid (+)‐(14β)‐14‐ethylmatridin‐15‐one (I) is isolated from the poisonous plant Oxytropis ochrocephala.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrofluids: From Preparation to Biomedical Applications
Authors: Bitar Ahmad , Kaewsaneha Chariya , Eissa Mohamed M. , Jamshaid Talha , Tangboriboonrat Pramuan , Polpanich Duangporn , Elaissari Abdelhamid 
Published: July 2016

AbstractReview: 123 refs.
Childhood body mass index in adolescent‐onset anorexia nervosa
Authors: Berkowitz Staci A. , Witt Ashley A. , Gillberg Christopher , Råstam Maria , Wentz Elisabet , Lowe Michael R. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough weight history is relevant in predicting eating disorder symptom severity, little is known about its role in the etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to determine whether BMI or BMI trajectory differed between individuals who later developed adolescent‐onset AN and a comparison group of HCs between school grades 1 through 6.MethodThis study was based on longitudinal data that identified 51 adolescents with AN and 51 matched HCs. Cases were identified through community screening in Sweden and included individuals born in 1969 through 1977. Measured weights and heights were retrieved and BMIs and weight trajectories of the AN and HC groups were compared using growth curve analysis. Main outcome measures included measured BMI and BMI trajectories from grades 1–6. Secondary outcomes examined included ponderal index at birth and maternal body weight.ResultsIndividuals who later developed AN had higher BMIs than HCs between grades 1 and 6, by an average of 1.42 BMI‐units. There was no difference in rate of weight gain between groups. Ponderal index at birth was higher for the AN as compared with HC group. Maternal weight did not differ significantly between groups.DiscussionThese findings, combined with those previously reported on the premorbid BMIs of those with bulimia nervosa, suggest that a predisposition toward elevated premorbid BMIs during childhood characterizes those who later develop anorexia or bulimia nervosa. These findings are consistent with a transdiagnostic perspective and suggest shared risk factors for AN and obesity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:1002–1009)
Fish introductions and light modulate food web fluxes in tropical streams: a whole‐ecosystem experimental approach
Authors: Collins Sarah M. , Thomas Steven A. , Heatherly Thomas , MacNeill Keeley L. , Leduc Antoine O. H. C. , López‐Sepulcre Andrés , Lamphere Bradley A. , El‐Sabaawi Rana W. , Reznick David N. , Pringle Catherine M. , Flecker Alexander S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDecades of ecological study have demonstrated the importance of top‐down and bottom‐up controls on food webs, yet few studies within this context have quantified the magnitude of energy and material fluxes at the whole‐ecosystem scale. We examined top‐down and bottom‐up effects on food web fluxes using a field experiment that manipulated the presence of a consumer, the Trinidadian guppy Poecilia reticulata, and the production of basal resources by thinning the riparian forest canopy to increase incident light. To gauge the effects of these reach‐scale manipulations on food web fluxes, we used a nitrogen (15N) stable isotope tracer to compare basal resource treatments (thinned canopy vs. control) and consumer treatments (guppy introduction vs. control). The thinned canopy stream had higher primary production than the natural canopy control, leading to increased N fluxes to invertebrates that feed on benthic biofilms (grazers), fine benthic organic matter (collector‐gatherers), and organic particles suspended in the water column (filter feeders). Stream reaches with guppies also had higher primary productivity and higher N fluxes to grazers and filter feeders. In contrast, N fluxes to collector‐gatherers were reduced in guppy introduction reaches relative to upstream controls. N fluxes to leaf‐shredding invertebrates, predatory invertebrates, and the other fish species present (Hart's killifish, Anablepsoides hartii) did not differ across light or guppy treatments, suggesting that effects on detritus‐based linkages and upper trophic levels were not as strong. Effect sizes of guppy and canopy treatments on N flux rates were similar for most taxa, though guppy effects were the strongest for filter feeding invertebrates while canopy effects were the strongest for collector‐gatherer invertebrates. Combined, these results extend previous knowledge about top‐down and bottom‐up controls on ecosystems by providing experimental, reach‐scale evidence that both pathways can act simultaneously and have equally strong influence on nutrient fluxes from inorganic pools through primary consumers.
Audiovisual distraction for pain relief in paediatric inpatients: A crossover study
Authors: Oliveira N.C.A.C. , Santos J.L.F. , Linhares M.B.M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundPain is a stressful experience that can have a negative impact on child development. The aim of this crossover study was to examine the efficacy of audiovisual distraction for acute pain relief in paediatric inpatients.MethodThe sample comprised 40 inpatients (6–11 years) who underwent painful puncture procedures. The participants were randomized into two groups, and all children received the intervention and served as their own controls. Stress and pain‐catastrophizing assessments were initially performed using the Child Stress Scale and Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children, with the aim of controlling these variables. The pain assessment was performed using a Visual Analog Scale and the Faces Pain Scale‐Revised after the painful procedures. Group 1 received audiovisual distraction before and during the puncture procedure, which was performed again without intervention on another day. The procedure was reversed in Group 2. Audiovisual distraction used animated short films. A 2 × 2 × 2 analysis of variance for 2 × 2 crossover study was performed, with a 5% level of statistical significance.ResultsThe two groups had similar baseline measures of stress and pain catastrophizing. A significant difference was found between periods with and without distraction in both groups, in which scores on both pain scales were lower during distraction compared with no intervention. The sequence of exposure to the distraction intervention in both groups and first versus second painful procedure during which the distraction was performed also significantly influenced the efficacy of the distraction intervention.ConclusionAudiovisual distraction effectively reduced the intensity of pain perception in paediatric inpatients.SignificanceThe crossover study design provides a better understanding of the power effects of distraction for acute pain management. Audiovisual distraction was a powerful and effective non‐pharmacological intervention for pain relief in paediatric inpatients. The effects were detected in subsequent acute painful procedures.
Preparation and Characterization of c‐LiMn2O4 Thin Films prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Albrecht Daniel , Wulfmeier Hendrik , Fritze Holger 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this work, lithium manganese oxide (LMO) thin films are prepared using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at room temperature. The as‐prepared films are amorphous and require a subsequent annealing step to achieve dense films of c‐spinel LMO (LiMn2O4). We applied different annealing temperatures under an argon atmosphere to investigate the thermodynamics of the films and to find the minimum crystallization temperature. Thereby, a simple film deposition process with only one subsequent annealing step is developed to prepare crystalline films. The samples are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thin‐film‐calorimetry, impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The results indicate that a narrow temperature range around 700 °C is suitable for the preparation of the spinel phase. Using this preparation route, no further crystalline phases could be identified by XRD. The electrochemical properties of the films are investigated and compared to electrodes made of commercially available LMO powders. The electrochemical characterization shows a capacity of 95 mAh g−1 for the commercial powder and 110 mAh g−1 for the thin‐film samples.
Destruction Layers, Urban Evolution, and Earthquakes in Roman Patras, Greece
Authors: Stamati Alexandra‐Venetia , Stiros Stathis C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe role of seismicity in the urban evolution of Roman Patras, a major town in western Greece, located next to seismically active areas (Aegean Arc, Gulf of Corinth) has so far been ignored. We have analyzed ∼1000 typically short reports of rescue excavations made during a recent building boom period in the center of Patras. A minimum of ∼100 excavations providing evidence of destruction layers and atypical burials, including unburied skeletons indicative of societal disorganization, were summarized in a georeferenced digital archive and further analyzed. Few of these data satisfy strict criteria for the identification of earthquakes from archaeological data, especially concerning dating, but in combination with other excavations with destruction layers, the association of destruction evidence with earthquakes is increased, and three destructive events were recognized, with a recurrence interval <200 years. Two of them correlate with historical evidence, in circa A.D. 61 and in A.D. 551 at the nearby town of Naupactos (Lepanto). Inferred earthquakes seem to have influenced the urban evolution of Patras and perhaps its decline since the fourth century. The urban‐oriented, statistical approach for the identification of earthquakes proposed here is different from previous archaeoseismological approaches and may well be useful for the study of many ancient urban centers.
Changes in potential evapotranspiration and surface runoff in 1981–2010 and the driving factors in Upper Heihe River Basin in Northwest China
Authors: Luo Kaisheng , Tao Fulu , Deng Xiangzheng , Moiwo Juana P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractChanges in potential evapotranspiration and surface runoff can have profound implications for hydrological processes in arid and semiarid regions. In this study, we investigated the response of hydrological processes to climate change in Upper Heihe River Basin in Northwest China for the period from 1981 to 2010. We used agronomic, climatic and hydrological data to drive the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model for changes in potential evapotranspiration (ET0) and surface runoff and the driving factors in the study area. The results showed that increasing autumn temperature increased snow melt, resulting in increased surface runoff, especially in September and October. The spatial distribution of annual runoff was different from that of seasonal runoff, with the highest runoff in Yeniugou River, followed by Babaohe River and then the tributaries in the northern of the basin. There was no evaporation paradox at annual and seasonal time scales, and annual ET0 was driven mainly by wind speed. ET0 was driven by relative humidity in spring, sunshine hour duration in autumn and both sunshine hour duration and relative humility in summer. Surface runoff was controlled by temperature in spring and winter and by precipitation in summer (flood season). Although surface runoff increased in autumn with increasing temperature, it depended on rainfall in September and on temperature in October and November. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The synthesis and analysis of [phenyl‐14C(U)]BMS‐770767 and [13C6]BMS‐770767 for use in discovery biotransformation, human ADME and bioanalytical studies
Authors: Maxwell Brad D. , Bonacorsi Samuel J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractType 2 diabetes is a significant worldwide health problem. To support the development of BMS‐770767 as an inhibitor of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD1) for type 2 diabetes was required the synthesis of carbon‐14‐labelled material for use in metabolic profiling and for the human adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) study. Initially, [phenyl‐14C(U)]BMS‐770767 was synthesized in two steps from a late‐stage intermediate and [14C(U)]2‐chlorophenol to give the desired final product in 18% yield. Later, the synthesis was completed for the human ADME clinical study using a combination of the discovery and process chemistry routes under cGMP to prepare [phenyl‐14C(U)]BMS‐770767. The radiochemical purity of the synthesized [phenyl‐14C(U)]BMS‐770767 after dilution with unlabelled clinical grade BMS‐770767 was 99.1% having a specific activity of 1.61 μCi/mg. In addition, to support the quantification of BMS‐770767 in LC/MS analyses, [13C6]BMT‐770767 was prepared in two steps from a late‐stage intermediate and [13C6]2‐chlorophenol.
A comparative study to determine the optimal copula model for the wind speed and precipitation of typhoons
Authors: Um Myoung‐Jin , Joo Kyungwon , Nam Woosung , Heo Jun‐Haeng 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTTyphoon is usually one of main reasons to damage the buildings, infrastructures, water operations, and human life in summer in East Asia, which includes China, Japan, and Korea. Typhoons can be considered multivariate extremes that consists of climate variables that affect wind and precipitation. Copula models can be used to investigate the dependence between random variables. In this study, we used copula models to investigate the optimal marginal distribution for the relations between the wind speed and the precipitation of typhoons at the Jeju weather station in South Korea. We used the 10‐min average wind speed (W10) and the total precipitation (PT) from 65 typhoon events that had affected the Jeju station. Two case studies were considered using the typhoon data. Case one included all typhoon events, and case two included 39 typhoon events with the following thresholds:W10 ≥ 10 m s−1andPT ≥ 50 mm. The marginal distributions for the copula models included the generalized extreme value (GEV), generalized logistic (GLO), generalized Pareto (GPA), and Weibull (WBU) distributions as well as three copula models: Clayton, Frank, and Gumbel copulas. Each step was checked by the robust diagnostic, the probability plot correlation coefficient (PPCC) test, and the goodness‐of‐fit test (Snstatistic). The Frank copula model withGLO(W10) – GPA(PT) had the best performance in both cases. The results of this study present the key steps needed to identify an optimum copula for a bivariate distribution in applications related to atmospheric sciences and provides an example of how this applies to wind velocity and precipitation from typhoons.
Coagulation in a rotating cylinder
Authors: Jackson George A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe need for laboratory systems to study coagulation processes in the ocean has led to the use of rotating cylinders as a means to simulate particle dynamics in marine systems. While their hydrodynamics are well understood, the nature of coagulation in them has not been analyzed. This article derives corrections to the standard coagulation equations that describe particle dynamics in the system and simulates the development of a growing algal culture. The results are compared to simulations of algal coagulation in an oceanic mixed layer. Coagulation rates are initially slower in the rotating system because of the lack of shear, but rates increase as coagulation creates larger particles that become concentrated within smaller regions of the rotating vessel. Once there is active coagulation, the reactors form a disproportionate number of the largest aggregates because large particles must remain within the vessel, whereas they can fall out of the surface mixed layer in the ocean. In addition, coagulation for larger particles within the rotating tanks is faster than in nature. These simulation results suggest that rotating coagulators simulate ocean conditions best in early stages of coagulation, before large particles form and are concentrated within smaller regions of the tanks. Having a quantitative description of the dynamics within the rotating tanks provides a means of testing hypotheses about ocean particle dynamics.
Bowtie slotted dual‐band SIW antenna
Authors: Nandi Sourav , Mohan Akhilesh 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTA dual‐band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna with bow‐tie shaped slot and two conducting via‐holes within the cavity is presented in this paper. The bow‐tie shaped slot introduces strong capacitive loading effect, which brings down the TE210 mode of the cavity from 11.08 GHz to 10.3 GHz and the first band of the antenna with 4.94% impedance bandwidth is generated. Another two higher order hybrid modes, generated by incorporating two metallic via‐holes, are tuned and merged together by properly optimizing the diameter and position of those two via‐holes to obtain the second band of the antenna with comparatively large −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 7.14%. Peak realized gains obtained at both of the frequency bands are more than 5.23 dBi. The simulated and measured results are compared and they are in good agreement. The physical size of the proposed antenna is 22 mm × 32 mm × 0.787 mm. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2303–2308, 2016
A structure and design optimization of novel compact microscrip dual‐band rat‐race coupler with enhanced bandwidth
Authors: Bekasiewicz Adrian , Koziel Slawomir , Zieniutycz Wlodzimierz 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIn the letter, a topology of a novel compact wideband dual‐band rat‐race coupler has been presented along with its computationally efficient design optimization procedure. Reduction of the circuit size has been achieved by meandering transmission lines of the conventional circuit. At the same time, the number of independent geometry parameters has been increased so as to secure sufficient flexibility of the circuit, necessary in the context of its design optimization for dual‐band operation. All relevant geometry parameters of the coupler have been obtained by means of automated simulation‐driven design optimization process involving surrogate‐based techniques. The operating frequencies of the coupler are 1 GHz and 2 GHz, whereas a −18 dB bandwidth is as wide as 22.5 and 11.3 percent for the lower and upper band, respectively. The miniaturization rate is over 37 percent compared to the conventional structure. The design is validated through full‐wave EM analysis at fine discretization as well as through physical measurements of the fabricated circuit prototype. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2287–2291, 2016
Wideband bandpass filter with high selectivity based on dual‐mode DGS resonator
Authors: Peng Biao , Li Shufang , Zhu Jianfeng , Zhang Qianyun , Deng Li , Zeng Qingsheng , Gao Yue 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA wideband bandpass filter based on dual‐mode defected ground structure resonator (DGSR) is designed and effectively analysed by utilising the even‐/odd‐mode theory and equivalent circuit models. The lower and upper cutoff frequencies of the filter can be independently tuned by adjusing the even‐ and odd‐mode resonant frequencies of the dual‐mode DGSR, respectively. The fabricated prototype is centred at 2.27 GHz with a wide bandwidth (FBW 63.4%), low insertion loss (0.386 dB), high selectivity and wide stopband. The attenuation slopes in the lower and upper passband transitions are 108.5 and 136.9 dB/GHz, respectively. The stopband rejection is better than 22 dB up to 6 GHz (2.6 f0). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2300–2303, 2016