bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning Electrode and Separator Sizes For Enhanced Performance of Electrical Double‐Layer Capacitors
Authors: Paolini Daniele , Antony Lintymol , Seeta Rama Raju Ganji , Kuzmak Andrij , Verkholyak Taras , Kondrat Svyatoslav 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn electrical double‐layer capacitor (EDLC) comprises two porous electrodes sandwiching an electrolyte‐permeable separator, which prevents the electrodes from short‐circuiting. While previous studies have mainly focused on electrolyte and electrode properties of EDLCs, the device configuration in terms of electrode and separator sizes received less attention, with separators often simplistically modelled as infinitely large reservoirs of ions. Herein, we investigate how the relationship between electrode and separator thicknesses impacts EDLC charging. We find that the assumption of bulk reservoir holds only under specific conditions. Moreover, we identify a tradeoff between stored energy density and pressure variations within the separator, potentially jeopardizing the EDLC durability. We also explore the influence of ionic liquid additives on EDLC charging. While prior research has shown that trace amounts of uncharged additives with strong electrode affinity can significantly enhance energy storage, we observe this effect as negligible for electrodes and separators of comparable sizes. Instead, we show how to optimize EDLC performance by fine‐tuning the concentration of additives and separator‐to‐electrode size ratio to maximize stored energy density.
Sterically Hindered Derivatives of Pentacene and Octafluoropentacene
Authors: Schroeder Zachary W. , Rezghi Rami Parisa , Adam Matthias , Ferguson Michael J. , Hampel Frank , Tykwinski Rik R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract6,13‐Diethynylpentacene derivatives with sterically bulky substituents (Tr*, tris(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)methyl groups) appended to the ethynyl moieties at the 6‐ and 13‐positions have been synthesized, as well as derivatives with electron‐withdrawing fluorine groups on the 1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11‐positions. These molecules are designed to investigate relationships between steric and electronic effects on the stability of pentacene toward endoperoxide formation via reaction with photosensitized oxygen in solution under ambient light (i. e., ‘laboratory’ conditions). It is evident from the study that stabilization through changes to the electronic characteristics of pentacene are more effective than the incorporation of sterically bulky groups at the acetylenic termini. Selected pentacene derivatives have been made into binary, amorphous films with the fullerene derivative PCBM to investigate the stability imparted by substituents against cycloaddition reactions. Overall, the introduction of steric protection through the incorporation of Tr* groups is not an efficient strategy for enhancing the persistence of pentacenes. Stabilization through fluorination proves successful for extending the lifetime of the pentacene derivatives by an order of magnitude in solution. Notably, the persistence of pentacene derivatives in solution can also be enhanced through the use of ethereal solvents stabilized with butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and/or an increased number of trialkylsilyl groups as substituents.
Adjusting the Number of Functional Groups in Vicinal Bis(trichlorosilylated) Benzenes
Authors: Schmidt Moritz , Gilmer Jannik , Virovets Alexander , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Wagner Matthias 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOrgano(chloro)silanes are essential chemicals, but the synthesis of compounds of the formula RnSiCl4−n with defined values of n is usually laborious. Herein, we first disclose that a [4+2]‐cycloaddition between readily available Cl3SiC≡CSiCl3 and selected dienes provides facile access to vicinal bis(trichlorosilylated) benzenes and bicyclo[2.2.2]octa‐2,5‐dienes. Second, we show how the number of six Si−Cl bonds in 1,2‐(Cl3Si)2C6H2Me2 (1) can be selectively reduced to four or two by reaction with pinacol (H2pin) or catechol (H2cat), which act as Si⋅⋅⋅Si’‐bridging and/or Si‐chelating ligands. Third, we demonstrate that the thermolysis of compound 6, which contains a benzannulated eight‐membered C2(SiCl2)2(μ‐pin) ring with Si⋅⋅⋅Si’‐bridging pin moiety, furnishes 13 with a benzannulated five‐membered C2(SiCl2)2O ring via the release of pinacolone. Such cyclic disiloxanes are valuable building blocks for specialty silicones; an alternative assembly of the Si−O−Si unit by controlled hydrolysis of 1 is not feasible if the four valuable Si−Cl functionalities are to be retained for further derivatization. Substitution of one Cl atom per Si site of 13 gives the rac‐1,3‐disila‐2‐oxaindane rac‐15 with high selectivity.
Effect of mixed metal oxide‐based catalysts for the removal of hydrophobic phthalates from water
Authors: Farissi Salman , Aswin Peringai , Muthukumar Anbazhagi , Sakthivel Ayyamperumal , Muthuchamy Muthukumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractContaminants of emerging concern (CECs) such as phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous, toxic and persistent in aquatic environments. Current study explored mixed metal oxide catalysts derived from magnesium aluminium (MAH), magnesium aluminium ruthenium (MAR‐H), magnesium aluminium nickel (MANH) hydroxides and copper aluminium hydroxides of ammonium (CAM‐Am) and sodium molybdate (CAM‐Na) to remove dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di‐2‐ethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) from water. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies of the catalysts before and after the treatment showed that their structures were stable and robust. During Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) studies, vibrational bands or peaks of ester and alkane functional groups of DBP and DEHP were observed at all the catalysts after treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed phthalate adsorption at the five catalysts. Hydrolysis of DBP and DEHP was observed during treatment using CAM‐Am and CAM‐Na that was analysed and quantified using total organic carbon (TOC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). From TOC analyses, optimal conditions of 500 mg L−1 catalyst dosage and 30 h treatment time were deduced for catalytic hydrolysis of DBP and DEHP. Present study illustrated that the catalysts MAH and MANH can adsorb PAEs while CAM‐Na can adsorb and hydrolyse them.
Collective effect of Vigna sp. (mung) tubulin GTP hydrolysis rate divergence on microtubule filament assembly
Authors: Basu Jashaswi , Athale Chaitanya A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicrotubules (MTs) are dynamic cytoskeletal filaments with highly conserved sequences across evolution, polymerizing by the GTP‐dependent assembly of tubulin subunits. Despite the sequence conservation, MT polymerization kinetics diverge quantitatively between vertebrate brain, the model plant Arabidopsis and the protozoan Plasmodium. Previously, tubulin purified from seedlings of the plant Vigna sp. (mung) by temperature cycling was found to have a very low critical concentration. However, the lengths of MTs were sub‐micron, much shorter than brain tubulin filaments. This was explained in simulations to be the result of the collective effect of high nucleation and GTP hydrolysis rates. Here, we test the effect of GTPase rates of affinity‐purified Vigna sp. tubulin on microtubule polymerization and elongation. Affinity‐purified mung tubulin is active and has a critical concentration of .37 μM. The GTP‐dependent polymerization kinetics are transient, consistent with previous results. Polymerization is stabilized in the presence of either GTP analog GMPPNP (non‐hydrolyzable) or GMPCPP (slow‐hydrolyzable). Using interference reflection microscopy (IRM) we find polymerization with the non‐hydrolysable analog significantly increases filament numbers, while lengths are unaffected for both GTP analogs. However, prolonged incubation with slow‐hydrolyzable GMPCPP results in long filaments, pointing to GTP hydrolysis as a key factor determining MT length. We find the average GTPase turnover number of mung tubulin is 22.8 min−1, compared to 2.04 min−1 for goat brain tubulin. Thus modulating GTPase rates affects both nucleation and elongation. This quantitative divergence in kinetics despite high sequence conservation in the GTPase domains of α‐ and β‐tubulin could help better understand the roles of selective pressure and function in the diverse organisms.
Textile color formulation methods: A literature review
Authors: Chaouch Sabrine , Moussa Ali , Ladhari Neji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractColor has become an essential element in our communication and our judgment on products. In textile, the formulation of any color is an essential process to ensure color continuity from the master standard to all subsequent production batches. Indeed, the objective is to normalize its reproduction all along the color reproduction procedure. In the literature, researches concerning textile color formulation are important, so this review focuses on these different techniques and methods of color matching for dye mixtures and precolored fiber blends. This step involves determining the dyes or fibers to use (alone or in mixtures) and their appropriate proportions to reproduce the wanted colors. The main techniques used for dye mixtures are based on colorimetric, spectrophotometric, and artificial intelligence techniques. While for precolored fiber mixtures the used techniques are dived into theoretical and experimental models. In addition to the review of these different techniques, a quantitative analysis was carried out.
Na3Zr2Si2PO12‐Polymer Composite Electrolyte for Solid State Sodium Batteries
Authors: Tiwari Anurag , Kumar Singh Rajendra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe integration of the flexibility of organic polymer electrolyte and high ionic conductivity of the ceramic electrolyte is attempted in search of efficient and safer battery. Composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) provides high ionic conductivity with a sustainable thin film of electrolyte having the synergistic effect of ionic liquid and active inorganic filler. The CSPE is synthesized by the solution cast technique using Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) as ceramic and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) with Salt‐Ionic liquid as polymer electrolyte. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) of CSPE includes amorphous nature due to the polymer part as well as crystalline peaks of ceramic NZSP, simultaneously. The prepared CSPE sample shows homogeneous and interconnected surface morphology is observed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows electrolyte is thermally stable up to 200 °C and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveals decrease in degree of crystallinity due to NZSP addition in the CSPE. By complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS), room temperature ionic conductivity of the prepared CSPE is found ~1.03 mS/cm. The dielectric behaviour of the prepared electrolyte is also studied to investigate the ion dynamics within the sample. The cationic transference number is 0.53 and the electrochemical stability window (ESW) of the CSPE is 4.9 V which is suitable for sodium solid‐state batteries applications.
Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging
Authors: Phoon Colin K.L. , Aristizábal Orlando , Farhoud Mohammed , Turnbull Daniel H. , Wadghiri Youssef Z. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe mouse is the mammalian model of choice for investigating cardiovascular biology, given our ability to manipulate it by genetic, pharmacologic, mechanical, and environmental means. Imaging is an important approach to phenotyping both function and structure of cardiac and vascular components. This review details commonly used imaging approaches, with a focus on echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, with brief overviews of other imaging modalities. In this update, we also emphasize the importance of rigor and reproducibility in imaging approaches, experimental design, and documentation. Finally, we briefly outline emerging imaging approaches but caution that reliability and validity data may be lacking. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
13C‐Labelled Glucose Reveals Shifts in Fermentation Pathway During Cathodic Electro‐Fermentation with Mixed Microbial Culture
Authors: Salvatori Gaia , Giampaoli Ottavia , Marchetti Angela , Miccheli Alfredo , Virdis Bernardino , Sciubba Fabio , Villano Marianna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCathodic Electro‐Fermentation (CEF) is an innovative approach to manage the spectrum of products deriving from anaerobic fermentation. Herein, mixed microbial culture fermentation using a ternary mixture containing labelled 13C glucose and non‐labelled acetate and ethanol was studied to identify the role of polarization on the metabolic pathways of glucose fermentation. CEF at an applied potential of −700 mV (vs. SHE, Standard Hydrogen Electrode) enhanced the production yield of acetate, propionate, and butyrate (0.90±0.10, 0.22±0.03, and 0.34±0.05 mol/mol; respectively) compared to control tests performed at open circuit potential (OCP) (0.54±0.09, 0.15±0.04, and 0.20±0.001 mol/mol, respectively). Results indicate that CEF affected the 13C labelled fermented product levels and their fractional 13C enrichments, allowing to establish metabolic pathway models. This work demonstrates that, under cathodic polarization, the abundance of both fully 13C labelled propionate and butyrate isotopomers increased compared to control tests. The effect of CEF is mainly due to intermediates initially produced from the glucose metabolic transformation in the presence of non‐labelled acetate and ethanol as external substrates. These findings represent a significant advancement in current knowledge of CEF, which offers a promising tool to control mixed cultures bioprocesses.
Studying the Effect of Operating Conditions and NO2 Cathode Contamination on PEM Fuel Cells Using Distribution Function of Relaxation Times Analysis
Authors: Khalaily W. , Bhowmick S. , Tsur Y. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe effect of NO2, an air pollutant, on the durability of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and the affected electrochemical processes in the PEMFC following the contamination were investigated. In‐situ Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted on PEMFCs under different operating conditions of temperature and relative humidity (RH). NO2 was introduced to the cathode inlet flow. Analyses of the EIS measurements were performed using a genetic algorithm called ISGP (Impedance Spectroscopy by Genetic Programming) to obtain the distribution function of relaxation times (DFRT, a.k.a. DRT) models. Utilizing ISGP enabled us to differentiate the various phenomena in PEMFC and study how they are affected by NO2 contamination. Moreover, the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the mitigation method to flush the PEMFC and regenerate its performance after being contaminated, particularly at low operating temperatures. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) technique is performed on the contaminated PEMFC to detect the presence of any nitrogen components in the FC′s gas diffusion layer and the catalyst layer post the mitigation step. Cyclic Voltammetry is also performed on the contaminated cell to determine the effect of the contamination on the electrochemically active surface area of the cathode by evaluating the double‐layer capacitance.
The influence of the disturbing effect of roadways through faults on the faults' stability and slip characteristics
Authors: Lu Shuaifeng , Chan Andrew , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Shanyong , Wan Zhijun , Cheng Jingyi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn order to mitigate the risk of geological disasters induced by fault activation when roadways intersect reverse faults in coal mining, this paper uses a combination of mechanical models with PFC2D software. A mechanical model is introduced to represent various fault angles, followed by a series of PFC2D loading and unloading tests to validate the model and investigate fault instability and crack propagation under different excavation rates and angles. The results show that (1) the theoretical fault model, impacted by roadway advancing, shows a linear reduction in horizontal stress at a rate of −2.01 MPa/m, while vertical stress increases linearly at 4.02 MPa/m. (2) At field excavation speeds of 2.4, 4.8, 7.2, and 9.6 m/day, the vertical loading rates for the model are 2.23, 4.47, 6.70, and 8.93 Pa/s, respectively. (3) Roadway advancement primarily causes tensile‐compressive failures in front of the roadway, with a decrease in tensile cracks as the stress rate increases. (4) An increase in the fault angle leads to denser cracking on the fault plane, with negligible cracking near the fault itself. The dominant crack orientation is approximately 90°, aligned with the vertical stress.
Eutrophication of Lakes: From Global Process to Regional Implication in the Kola Arctic Region
Authors: Moiseenko Tatiana I. , Bazova Maria M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTEutrophication of water bodies is analysed as a global process. The volumes of globally increasing use of nitrogen and phosphorus are demonstrated, with the dispersion of these elements leading to increased nutrient contents in lakes and rivers. Results of original studies on remote lakes in the Arctic zone indicate that the content of nutrients in these lakes has increased over the past decades. Concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter in lake waters tend to increase in the absence of anthropogenic effects. Simultaneously, the silicon concentrations were found to decrease because of the consumption by diatoms. Low concentrations of bioavailable nutrients confirm that these nutrients are rapidly spent in the production processes of ecosystems. The calculated trophic state index (according to R. Carlson) indicates that the number of oligotrophic lakes in the forest tundra zone decreased by 50% by 2010–2018, and these lakes are absent from the northern taiga zone. Temperature increase and climate warming in the Arctic zone first caused the increase in the contents of nutrients in the lakes and their trophic states.
Elevated carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) is associated with incident heart failure and mortality in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Yndigegn Troels , Gu Thomas , Grufman Helena , Erlinge David , Mokhtari Arash , Ekelund Ulf , Magnusson Martin , Gustafsson Emma , Nilsson Jan , Goncalves Isabel , Schiopu Alexandru 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsCarbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), a mucin produced by serosal cells in response to mechanical and inflammatory stimuli, has emerged as an important biomarker to guide risk stratification in heart failure (HF). The prognostic value of CA125 in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients is less explored.MethodsIn a cohort of 524 ACS patients (73% males, mean age 67 ± 12 years), we assessed the associations between CA125 and the risk for HF and death during a median follow‐up period of 27.3 months for incident HF and 39.5 months for mortality. Plasma CA125 was measured within 24 h after admission in the entire cohort and after 6 weeks in a subgroup of 115 elderly patients (>75 years of age). We also assessed the relationships between baseline CA125 and echocardiographic parameters of cardiac structure and function at 1 year post‐ACS in this subgroup.ResultsBaseline CA125 was associated with incident HF in the entire cohort in a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (diabetes, smoking, hypertension, previous HF, previous ACS and previous stroke), renal function and revascularization {hazard ratio [HR] 1.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.93] per 1‐standard deviation [SD] CA125 increase; P = 0.009}. In the detailed follow‐up subgroup, elevated baseline CA125 predicted subsequent deterioration of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF), defined as a >5% absolute LVEF decrease in patients with LVEF ≥ 50% at discharge [odds ratio (OR) 3.31 (95% CI 1.15–9.54) per 1‐SD baseline CA125 increase; P = 0.027]. We also found significant correlations between high baseline CA125 and larger LV volumes (LV end‐diastolic volume index, Spearman's r = 0.329, P < 0.001; LV end‐systolic volume index, r = 0.391, P < 0.001) and left atrial volume index (r = 0.320, P < 0.001) at 1 year post‐ACS, indicative of adverse cardiac remodelling. Elevated baseline and follow‐up CA125 were associated with increased mortality, independently of age and sex [HR 1.37 (95% CI 1.09–1.71), P = 0.006, per 1‐SD baseline CA125; HR 1.98 (95% CI 1.06–3.67), P = 0.031, per increasing 6 week CA125 tertile]. The relationship between 6 week CA125 and incident mortality remained significant in the fully adjusted model [HR 2.23 (95% CI 1.15–4.35) per increasing CA125 tertile; P = 0.018].ConclusionsWe report independent associations between elevated CA125, LV dysfunction, cardiac remodelling, incident HF and mortality post‐ACS. Our results warrant further evaluation of CA125 as a potential biomarker for risk stratification and management of ACS patients, both at the time of the acute coronary event and during follow‐up.
Design and Assembly of Conductive Covalent Organic Frameworks for Proton Exchange Membrane Application
Authors: Li Ping , Pan Qinhe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo develop proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with robust structure stability and remarkable proton conductivity and explore their application in PEMs fuel cells have significant implications for realizing reduced carbon emission and environmental pollution. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as crystalline porous polymer material composed of organic monomers and connected by covalent bond, possess specific framework, inherent porosity, adjustable functional group and eminent thermal/chemical structure stability. Therefore, COFs display prominent superiorities in constructing rigid ordered proton transfer channels and improving fuel cell performance long‐term durability. In this review, the proton conduction properties of extrinsic proton‐conductive COFs (incorporating carriers into the pore), intrinsic proton‐conductive COFs (introducing conductive groups on the backbone) and combined extrinsic/intrinsic proton‐conductive COFs in the form of pressed pellets are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, proton‐conductive COFs related PEMs, including COFs‐related polymer‐based composite membranes, COFs‐based composite membranes and self‐supporting COFs membranes are also systematically summarized. In addition, the existing challenges are analyzed and future outlooks are addressed.
Construction of Multiple Five‐Membered Rings in Dibenzo[g,p]chrysene Core for the Synthesis of a Nona‐Cycle Buckybowl
Authors: Yoshida Naruhiro , Imai Tomoya , Amaya Toru , Yamaoka Yousuke , Iwasawa Tetsuo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractC60‐fragmentary bowl‐shaped molecules, commonly referred to as “buckybowls”, are provocative compounds, and their inviting functions based on the non‐planar π‐conjugation are expected. Yet, achieving synthesis of some kinds of the curved structure remaining challenging. Herein we report skeletal construction of a nona‐cyclic buckybowl that is synthetically unachievable heretofore, namely, 3,10‐dihydroindeno[7,1,2‐pqr]‐as‐indaceno[3,2,1,8,7‐defghi]chrysene. The key to success was solution‐compatible process in which a multiple substituted dibenzo[g,p]chrysene is amenable to threefold formation of five‐membered rings at its periphery. The resulting scheme here, coupled with the gently curved scaffold, offers a new insight into the solution‐phase synthesis of curved and twisted polyarenes.