bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The process of patient enablement in general practice nurse consultations: a grounded theory study
Authors: Desborough Jane , Banfield Michelle , Phillips Christine , Mills Jane 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to gain insight into the process of patient enablement in general practice nursing consultations.BackgroundEnhanced roles for general practice nurses may benefit patients through a range of mechanisms, one of which may be increasing patient enablement. In studies with general practitioners enhanced patient enablement has been associated with increases in self‐efficacy and skill development.DesignThis study used a constructivist grounded theory design.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted with 16 general practice nurses and 23 patients from 21 general practices between September 2013 ‐ March 2014. Data generation and analysis were conducted concurrently using constant comparative analysis and theoretical sampling focussing on the process and outcomes of patient enablement. Use of the storyline technique supported theoretical coding and integration of the data into a theoretical model.FindingsA clearly defined social process that fostered and optimised patient enablement was constructed. The theory of ‘developing enabling healthcare partnerships between nurses and patients in general practice’ incorporates three stages: triggering enabling healthcare partnerships, tailoring care and the manifestation of patient enablement.Patient enablement was evidenced through: 1. Patients’ understanding of their unique healthcare requirements informing their health seeking behaviours and choices; 2. Patients taking an increased lead in their partnership with a nurse and seeking choices in their care and 3. Patients getting health care that reflected their needs, preferences and goals.ConclusionsThis theoretical model is in line with a patient‐centred model of health care and is particularly suited to patients with chronic disease.
Assessment of implementability of an adapted clinical practice guideline for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis at a tertiary care university hospital
Authors: Altokhais Tariq I. , Al‐Obaid Omar A. , Kattan Abdullah E. , Amer Yasser S. ,   CPG Collaborative Groups
Published: November 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesSurgical site infections are the most common healthcare‐associated infections. Appropriate surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP), which is an integral part of surgical site infection SSI prevention, is one of the major preventable risks to surgical patient safety. Several clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for SAP have been published. The aim of this study was to adapt a CPG for SAP and to assess its implementability.MethodsThe methodology was based on two validated tools for CPGs, namely, the ADAPTE and the Guideline Implementability Appraisal (GLIA).ResultsThe ADAPTE CPG adaptation process methodology was utilized to produce an adapted CPG for SAP based on the American Society of Health System Pharmacists 2013 CPG. The finalized CPG was then assessed to identify any possible intrinsic barriers for implementation.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the ADAPTE tool is a practical and successful tool for production of CPGs. The GLIA tool is useful for assessing and preparing the finalized adapted CPG for the transition from the production stage to the implementation stage. GLIA could be added to the ADAPTE process either as a final step or to check the draft of the CPG before finalization.
Method development for the analysis of total bacterial count in raw milk using near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Numthuam Sonthaya , Hongpathong Jutaporn , Charoensook Rangsun , Rungchang Saowaluk 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe possibility use of near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the region of 9000–4000 cm−1 to determine total bacterial count (TBC) in raw milk and the influence of bacterial cultivation on TBC prediction accuracy were studied. Raw milk samples were diluted 10‐fold with tryptic soy broth and then cultivated at 32 °C for 2 hr. NIR measurements were performed after cultivation times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Partial least squares regression was used to develop calibration models for TBC. The best calibration result was obtained from the 90 min‐cultivation samples, with the correlation coefficient (R) of .90 and root mean square error of prediction of .32 log10 CFU/ml. The analysis of the calibration structure indicated that important information for TBC prediction was from chemical compositional changes and bacterial metabolites. The NIR method combined with bacterial cultivation was satisfactory for the rapid analysis of TBC in raw milk.Practical applicationsThe number of bacteria in raw milk is an important indicator for hygienic quality and milk grading system which consequently reflects a milk price. The proposed method allows satisfied performance for TBC determination in raw milk in 90 min as compared to the 48 hr required using the plate count method. The NIR method developed in this study seems to be an effective tool for a rapid evaluation of bacterial contamination in raw milk. An integration between determination of milk hygienic quality and chemical compositional quality using NIR spectroscopy will facilitate a rapid and multicomponents analysis and become a powerful tool for a practical use in the competitive dairy industry.
Willingness and Ability of Older Adults in the Emergency Department to Provide Clinical Information Using a Tablet Computer
Authors: Brahmandam Sruti , Holland Wesley C. , Mangipudi Sowmya A. , Braz Valerie A. , Medlin Richard P. , Hunold Katherine M. , Jones Christopher W. , Platts‐Mills Timothy F. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo estimate the proportion of older adults in the emergency department (ED) who are willing and able to use a tablet computer to answer questions.DesignProspective, ED‐based cross‐sectional study.SettingTwo U.S. academic EDs.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older.MeasurementsAs part of screening for another study, potential study participants were asked whether they would be willing to use a tablet computer to answer eight questions instead of answering questions orally. A custom user interface optimized for older adults was used. Trained research assistants observed study participants as they used the tablets. Ability to use the tablet was assessed based on need for assistance and number of questions answered correctly.ResultsOf 365 individuals approached, 248 (68%) were willing to answer screening questions, 121 of these (49%) were willing to use a tablet computer; of these, 91 (75%) were able to answer at least six questions correctly, and 35 (29%) did not require assistance. Only 14 (12%) were able to answer all eight questions correctly without assistance. Individuals aged 65 to 74 and those reporting use of a touchscreen device at least weekly were more likely to be willing and able to use the tablet computer. Of individuals with no or mild cognitive impairment, the percentage willing to use the tablet was 45%, and the percentage answering all questions correctly was 32%.ConclusionApproximately half of this sample of older adults in the ED was willing to provide information using a tablet computer, but only a small minority of these were able to enter all information correctly without assistance. Tablet computers may provide an efficient means of collecting clinical information from some older adults in the ED, but at present, it will be ineffective for a significant portion of this population.
Effects of Human Maternal Placentophagy on Maternal Postpartum Iron Status: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Gryder Laura K. , Young Sharon M. , Zava David , Norris Wendy , Cross Chad L. , Benyshek Daniel C. 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionAdvocates of human maternal placentophagy report that encapsulated placenta is an excellent source of dietary iron. Our study compared the effect of ingested encapsulated placenta on maternal postpartum iron status versus that of a beef placebo.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pilot study (N = 23) was conducted among healthy human research participants experiencing a normal pregnancy. Maternal iron status was measured via hemoglobin, transferrin, and ferritin taken from blood samples drawn in the participants’ homes at 4 time points: the 36th week of pregnancy, within 96 hours of parturition, between days 5 and 7 postpartum, and during week 3 postpartum. Iron concentrations in the encapsulated placenta and encapsulated beef placebo were compared using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.ResultsSeventy‐eight percent (18/23) of study participants’ hemoglobin concentrations were above the World Health Organization cutoff for gestational iron deficiency (≥ 11.0 g/dL) during the 36th week of pregnancy. Results revealed no statistically significant differences (hemoglobin, P = .603; ferritin, P = .852; transferrin, P = .936) in maternal iron status (including postpartum iron rebound in the first week postpartum) between women in the placenta supplement (n = 10) and placebo (n = 13) groups. Average iron concentrations were considerably higher in encapsulated placenta (0.664 mg/g) compared to the encapsulated beef placebo (0.093 mg/g) but provided only 24% of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for iron among lactating women based on the study's maximum daily intake.DiscussionThe current study suggests that encapsulated placenta supplementation neither significantly improves nor impairs postpartum maternal iron status for women consuming the RDA of dietary iron during pregnancy and lactation, compared to a beef placebo. This may be an especially important finding for women who are iron deficient postpartum and whose only source of supplemental dietary iron is encapsulated placenta, as this may provide an inadequate source of supplemental iron in cases of deficiency.
Genetic and morphological variation in an ecosystem engineer, Lithophyllum byssoides (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Pezzolesi Laura , Falace Annalisa , Kaleb Sara , Hernandez‐Kantun Jazmin J. , Cerrano Carlo , Rindi Fabio 
Published: November 2016

Lithophyllum byssoides is a common coralline alga in the intertidal zone of Mediterranean coasts, where it produces biogenic concretions housing a high algal and invertebrate biodiversity. This species is an ecosystem engineer and is considered a target for conservation efforts, but designing effective conservation strategies currently is impossible due to lack of information about its population structure. The morphological and molecular variation of L. byssoides was investigated using morphoanatomy and DNA sequences (psbA and cox2,3) obtained from populations at 15 localities on the Italian and Croatian coasts. Lithophyllum byssoides exhibited a high number of haplotypes (31 psbA haplotypes and 24 cox2,3 haplotypes) in the central Mediterranean. The psbA and cox2,3 phylogenies were congruent and showed seven lineages. For most of these clades, the distribution was limited to one or a few localities, but one of them (clade 7) was widespread across the central Mediterranean, spanning the main biogeographic boundaries recognized in this area. The central Mediterranean populations formed a lineage separate from Atlantic samples; psbA pair‐wise divergences suggested that recognition of Atlantic and Mediterranean L. byssoides as different species may be appropriate. The central Mediterranean haplotype patterns of L. byssoides were interpreted as resulting from past climatic events in the hydrogeological history of the Mediterranean Sea. The high haplotype diversity and the restricted spatial distribution of the seven lineages suggest that individual populations should be managed as independent units.
A novel hepatitis B virus subgenotype D10 circulating in Ethiopia
Authors: Hundie G. B. , Stalin Raj V. , Gebre Michael D. , Pas S. D. , Koopmans M. P. , Osterhaus A. D. M. E. , Smits S. L. , Haagmans B. L. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryHepatitis B virus (HBV) is genetically highly divergent and classified in ten genotypes and forty subgenotypes in distinct ethno‐geographic populations worldwide. Ethiopia is a country with high HBV prevalence; however, little is known about the genetic variability of HBV strains that circulate. Here, we characterize the complete genome of 29 HBV strains originating from five Ethiopian regions, by 454 deep sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetically, ten strains were classified as genotype A1 and nineteen as genotype D. Fifteen genotype D strains, provisionally named subgenotype D10, showed a novel distinct cluster supported by high bootstrap value and >4% nucleotide divergence from other known subgenotypes. In addition, the novel D10 strains harboured nine unique amino acid signatures in the surface, polymerase and X genes. Seventy‐two per cent of the genotype D strains had the precore premature stop codon G1896A. In addition, 63% genotype A and 33% genotype D strains had the basal core promoter mutations, A1762T/G1764A. Furthermore, four pre‐S deletion variants and two recombinants were identified in this study. In conclusion, we identified a novel HBV subgenotype D10 circulating in Ethiopia, underlining the high genetic variability of HBV strains in Africa.
Highly restricted gene flow between disjunct populations of the skunk clownfish (Amphiprion akallopisos) in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Huyghe Filip , Kochzius Marc 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe skunk clownfish (Amphiprion akallopisos) has a disjunct distribution, occurring in the Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) and the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), separated by several thousands of kilometres. Information on connectivity of marine species is very important for the correct spacing of marine protected areas, a powerful instrument for the protection of coral reefs. The population genetic structure of A. akallopisos was analysed in order to investigate connectivity amongst populations and to explain the disjunct distribution of the species. A fragment of the mitochondrial control region was used to investigate the genetic population structure. Fin clips were collected from 263 individuals at 14 sites in the WIO and three sites in the EIO. The obtained DNA sequences were used to calculate genetic diversity, evaluate demographic history and to construct a haplotype network. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was conducted to evaluate the significance of the observed genetic population structure. None of the identified 69 haplotypes was shared between the WIO and EIO. Haplotype as well as nucleotide diversity was considerably higher in the EIO than in the WIO. Significant genetic population structure was revealed by an AMOVA with an overall φst‐value of 0.28 (P < 0.001) in the Indian Ocean. The overall AMOVA (φst = −0.00652) was not significant in the EIO, but was significant in the WIO (φst = 0.016; P < 0.01). Demographic analysis indicated population expansion in the EIO and WIO. Population genetic analysis revealed highly restricted gene flow between the EIO and WIO. Genetic diversity was much higher in the EIO than in the WIO, suggesting that the EIO is the geographical origin of the species. Given the large distance between the disjunct populations and the short pelagic larval duration, long‐distance dispersal is rather unlikely. A stepping stone model involving islands in the Central Indian Ocean is a more likely scenario for colonization of the WIO.
Inter‐ and intra‐colonial genotypic diversity in hermatypic hydrozoans of the family Milleporidae
Authors: Schweinsberg Maximilian , Tollrian Ralph , Lampert Kathrin P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGenetic diversity is the basis for adaptation and therefore of primary scientific interest, especially in species that are threatened by anthropogenic challenges, e.g. climate change and/or pollution. Coral reefs are among the most threatened but also the most diverse ecosystems and have therefore been studied quite extensively. So far, most investigations have focused on scleractinian corals while the equally important reef builders, the hydrozoans, have been less considered. Here we provide the first study of genotypic variability as well as intra‐colonial genetic variability, the co‐occurrence of more than one genotype within a single colony, in Milleporidae based on microsatellites. We analysed two geographically distinct populations from the Millepora dichotoma complex, one from the Red Sea and one from the Great Barrier Reef. Additionally, a population of Millepora platyphylla was analysed from French Polynesia. We compared microsatellite multilocus genotypes and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I haplotypes for each of the three field sites to detect levels of genotypic diversity at the intra‐ and inter‐specific levels. Furthermore, we examined all species for the occurrence of intra‐colonial genetic variability, a recently described mechanism in scleractinian corals that might enhance the adaptive potential of sessile organisms. We found both species and all field sites to be genotypically variable. Twelve mitochondrial haplotypes and 27 multilocus microsatellite genotypes were identified. In addition, intra‐colonial genetic variability was detected in the M. dichotoma complex from the Great Barrier Reef as well as in M. platyphylla from French Polynesia. All of the intra‐colonial genetically variable colonies consisted of one main genotype and a second divergent genotype caused by somatic mutations (mosaicism). Our study proves that Milleporidae are genetically variable and that the phenomenon of intra‐colonial genetic variability also occurs in this important reef‐building family.
Infusing Physical Activities Into the Classroom: Effects on Preschool Children's Geography Learning
Authors: Mavilidi Myrto‐Foteini , Okely Anthony D. , Chandler Paul , Paas Fred 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIn this intervention study, we investigated the effects of physical activities that were integrated into a geography task on preschool children's learning performance and enjoyment. Eight childcare centers with 87 four‐to‐five‐year‐old children were randomly assigned across an integrated physical activity condition, an unintegrated physical activity condition, and a control condition without physical activity. Children learned the names and a typical animal from each of the six continents using a floor‐mounted world map with soft toy animals. Both learning conditions with physical activities showed higher performance than the learning condition without physical activities on an immediate retention test, and on a delayed retention test administered five weeks later. In addition, children in the physical activity conditions (integrated and nonintegrated) enjoyed their learning method the most. Infusing task‐relevant physical activities into the classroom and the learning task is discussed as a promising way to improve children's learning, enjoyment, and health.
Rational Learners and Moral Rules
Authors: Nichols Shaun , Kumar Shikhar , Lopez Theresa , Ayars Alisabeth , Chan Hoi‐Yee 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPeople draw subtle distinctions in the normative domain. But it remains unclear exactly what gives rise to such distinctions. On one prominent approach, emotion systems trigger non‐utilitarian judgments. The main alternative, inspired by Chomskyan linguistics, suggests that moral distinctions derive from an innate moral grammar. In this article, we draw on Bayesian learning theory to develop a rational learning account. We argue that the ‘size principle’, which is implicated in word learning, can also explain how children would use scant and equivocal evidence to interpret candidate rules as applying more narrowly than utilitarian rules.
HMGA2 is associated with the aggressiveness of tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang H , Tang Z , Deng C , He Y , Wu F , Liu O , Hu C 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of HMGA2 on proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).MethodsHMGA2 knockdown was performed in SCC15 cell lines, and functional assay was applied to observe the effects on cell migration and invasion. Real‐time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were also used to measure the expression of HMGA2 and EMT markers.ResultsHMGA2 expression was decreased after lentivirus infection. Functional assay showed that silence of HMGA2 can inhibit the proliferation of SCC15 cells and arrest the cells in G1/S phase. Moreover, knockdown of HMGA2 enhanced apoptosis of SCC15 cells. Wound‐healing assay and transwell assay indicated that knockdown of HMGA2 significantly inhibited migration and invasion ability of SCC15 cells. Expression detection suggested that HMGA2 may be involved in the metastasis of SCC15 cells by activating Twist family expression and inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. IHC analysis showed that HMGA2 and vimentin were up‐regulated in TSCC tissues, while E‐cadherin was down‐regulated. Clinicopathological analysis indicated that expression of HMGA2, E‐cadherin, and Vimentin were associated with recurrence of patients with TSCC.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that HMGA2 may promote malignant transformation of TSCC through EMT process and may be an independent prognosis biomarker for TSCC.
An ‘accidental’ incident leading to an incidental finding of Gorlin–Goltz syndrome in a child
Authors: Mooney E. , Marley J.J. , Napier S.S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA 6‐year‐old boy was referred to the oral surgery department for assessment of a cyst‐like lesion in the left body of mandible. The child had previously been managed for developmental delay and a syndromic appearance by medical colleagues with no firm diagnosis. Histology of the lesion confirmed a keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT) and pointed towards a diagnosis of Gorlin–Goltz syndrome (GGS) when combined with other clinical features and confirmed by genetic testing. This case highlights the importance of team work, appropriate and proportionate application of different imaging modalities to characterise intraosseous lesions in children and monitoring for interval change, as well as the conservative approach to management of such lesions in younger patients. Prognosis improves with early recognition of clinical and radiographic manifestations of GGS facilitated by multi‐disciplinary involvement. This may reduce the severity of complications including maxillofacial deformities associated with jaw KCOTs and malignant skin and brain tumours.