bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mainstream social housing response to dementia
Authors: Bligh Juliet 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how social housing providers could respond to residents living with dementia in non-specialist housing.

Design/methodology/approach
A research framework was developed from published material and used to assess how dementia friendly a national housing provider was, and what could be different. Electronic surveys were completed by 209 members of staff; semi-structured interviews with 18 senior managers and an external contractor; a customer focus group with five residents. A literature review and telephone interviews with housing providers identified current areas of innovation and good practice which informed the research recommendations.

Findings
There are ways a non-specialist social housing provider can develop dementia friendly services through developing a customer focused approach, staff awareness raising and training, and through working collaboratively with specialist statutory and non-statutory services across health and social care. These have the potential to impact positively on the quality of life of residents with dementia or caring for people with dementia.

Practical implications
Social housing providers should be considering their older residents, and how they can design and develop services to respond to specific needs.

Originality/value
There is limited understanding of how mainstream housing providers could and should develop an offer for their residents living with dementia. This research provides an assessment approach and has developed ideas about what this offer could look like.
Analysis of fault scaling relations using fault seismic attributes
Authors: Torabi A. , Alaei B. , Kolyukhin D. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTWe have studied three‐dimensional fault geometries through a geologically integrated analysis of fault seismic attribute volumes. We used a series of coherence (semblance) and filtered coherence attribute volumes with parameters optimised for imaging faults in the studied seismic volumes. Fault geometric attributes such as along strike segment length and displacement were measured on fault seismic attributes. The scaling relationships of fault geometric attributes were studied using statistical methods such as the Bayesian information criterion, the likelihood ratio test, and the bootstrap method. Univariate distributions of fault segment length and maximum displacement show a truncated power law for most of the fault data. The statistical results indicate a piecewise‐linear relation with two slopes between depth and fault segments lengths: depth and mean displacement. For these relations, we observe consistent increases in fault segment lengths and mean displacements from the lower tip of the fault at depth toward a point of inflection at shallower depth at the vertical section. From that point, a reduction in fault segment lengths and mean displacements toward the upper tip of the fault at the shallower depth occurs. Fault segmentation along strike increases toward the lower and upper tips of the fault, but the maximum number of segments are located near the lower tip of the fault in two of the studied faults. The fault segment length is maximum, where the number of segments (along strike) is least close to the middle of the fault in the vertical section.
Injecting epidemiology into population viability analysis: avian cholera transmission dynamics at an arctic seabird colony
Authors: Iverson Samuel A. , Gilchrist H. Grant , Soos Catherine , Buttler Isabel I. , Harms N. Jane , Forbes Mark R. 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Infectious diseases have the potential to spread rapidly and cause high mortality within populations of immunologically naïve hosts. The recent appearance of avian cholera, a highly virulent disease of birds caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, at remote Arctic seabird colonies is an emerging conservation concern.

Determining disease risk to population viability requires a quantitative understanding of transmission potential and the factors that regulate epidemic persistence. Estimates of the basic (R0) and real‐time (Rt) reproductive number are critical in this regard – enumerating the number of secondary infections caused by each primary infection in a newly invaded host population and the decline in transmission rate as susceptible individuals are removed via mortality or immunized recovery.

Here, we use data collected at a closely monitored common eider (Somateria mollissima) breeding colony located in the Canadian Arctic to examine transmission and host population dynamics. Specifically, we infer epidemic curves from daily mortality observations and use a likelihood‐based procedure to estimate changes in the reproductive number over a series of annual outbreaks. These data are interpreted in relation to concurrent changes in host numbers to assess local extinction risk.

Consistent with expectations for a novel pathogen invasion, case incidence increased exponentially during the initial wave of exposure (R0 = 2·5; generation time = 6·5 days ± 1·1 SD). Disease conditions gradually abated, but only after several years of smouldering infection (Rt ≈ 1). In total, 6194 eider deaths were recorded during outbreaks spanning eight consecutive breeding seasons. Breeding pair abundance declined by 56% from the pre‐outbreak peak; however, a robust population of >4000 pairs remained intact upon epidemic fade‐out. Overall, outbreak patterns were consistent with herd immunity acting as a mitigating factor governing in the extent and duration of mortality.

Disease mortality is frequently modelled as a form of stochastic catastrophe in wildlife population assessments, whereas our approach gives shape to the functional response between transmission and host population dynamics. We conclude that increased emphasis on integrating epidemiological and population processes is essential to predicting the conservation impact of emerging infectious diseases in wildlife.
Improving Population Health Management Strategies: Identifying Patients Who Are More Likely to Be Users of Avoidable Costly Care and Those More Likely to Develop a New Chronic Disease
Authors: Hibbard Judith H. , Greene Jessica , Sacks Rebecca M. , Overton Valerie , Parrotta Carmen 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo explore using the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) for identifying patients more likely to have ambulatory care–sensitive (ACS) utilization and future increases in chronic disease.Data SourcesSecondary data are extracted from the electronic health record of a large accountable care organization.Study DesignThis is a retrospective cohort design. The key predictor variable, PAM score, is measured in 2011, and is used to predict outcomes in 2012–2014. Outcomes include ACS utilization and the likelihood of a new chronic disease.DataOur sample of 98,142 adult patients was drawn from primary care clinic users. To be included, patients had to have a PAM score in 2011 and at least one clinic visit in each of the three subsequent years.Principal FindingsPAM level is a significant predictor of ACS utilization. Less activated patients had significantly higher odds of ACS utilization compared to those with high PAM scores. Similarly, patients with low PAM scores were more likely to have a new chronic disease diagnosis over each of the years of observation.ConclusionsAssessing patient activation may help to identify patients who could benefit from greater support. Such an approach may help ACOs reach population health management goals.
Meaningful Use of Electronic Health Records and Medicare Expenditures: Evidence from a Panel Data Analysis of U.S. Health Care Markets, 2010–2013
Authors: Lammers Eric J. , McLaughlin Catherine G. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo determine if recent growth in hospital and physician electronic health record (EHR) adoption and use is correlated with decreases in expenditures for elderly Medicare beneficiaries.Data SourcesAmerican Hospital Association (AHA) General Survey and Information Technology Supplement, Health Information Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Analytics survey, SK&A Information Services, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse Geographic Variation Database for 2010 through 2013.Study DesignFixed effects model comparing associations between hospital referral region (HRR) level measures of hospital and physician EHR penetration and annual Medicare expenditures for beneficiaries with one of four chronic conditions. Calculated hospital penetration rates as the percentage of Medicare discharges from hospitals that satisfied criteria analogous to Meaningful Use (MU) Stage 1 requirements and physician rates as the percentage of physicians using ambulatory care EHRs.Principal FindingsAn increase in the hospital penetration rate was associated with a small but statistically significant decrease in total Medicare and Medicare Part A acute care expenditures per beneficiary. An increase in physician EHR penetration was also associated with a significant decrease in total Medicare and Medicare Part A acute care expenditures per beneficiary as well as a decrease in Medicare Part B expenditures per beneficiary. For the study population, we estimate approximately $3.8 billion in savings related to hospital and physician EHR adoption during 2010–2013. We also found that an increase in physician EHR penetration was associated with an increase in lab test expenses.ConclusionsHealth care markets that had steeper increases in EHR penetration during 2010–2013 also had steeper decreases in total Medicare and acute care expenditures per beneficiary. Markets with greater increases in physician EHR had greater declines in Medicare Part B expenditures per beneficiary.
Antibiotic drug discovery
Authors: Wohlleben Wolfgang , Mast Yvonne , Stegmann Evi , Ziemert Nadine 
Published: August 2016

SummaryDue to the threat posed by the increase of highly resistant pathogenic bacteria, there is an urgent need for new antibiotics; all the more so since in the last 20 years, the approval for new antibacterial agents had decreased. The field of natural product discovery has undergone a tremendous development over the past few years. This has been the consequence of several new and revolutionizing drug discovery and development techniques, which is initiating a ‘New Age of Antibiotic Discovery’. In this review, we concentrate on the most significant discovery approaches during the last and present years and comment on the challenges facing the community in the coming years.
Towards improved biomonitoring tools for an intensified sustainable multi‐use environment
Authors: van der Meer Jan Roelof 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe increasing use of our environment for multiple contrasting activities (e.g. fisheries, tourism) will have to be accompanied by improved monitoring of environmental quality, to avoid transboundary conflicts and ensure long‐term sustainable intensified usage. Biomonitoring approaches are appropriate for this, since they can integrate biological effects of environmental exposure rather than measure individual compound concentrations. Recent advances in biomonitoring concepts and tools focus on single‐cell assays and purified biological components that can be miniaturized and integrated in automated systems. Despite these advances, we are still very far from being able to deploy bioassays routinely in environmental monitoring, mostly because of lack of experience in interpreting responses and insufficient robustness of the biosensors for their environmental application. Further future challenges include broadening the spectrum of detectable compounds by biosensors, accelerate response times and combining sample pretreatment strategies with bioassays.
Investigation of the Curve Number Method For Surface Runoff Estimation In Tropical Regions
Authors: Dile Yihun Taddele , Karlberg Louise , Srinivasan Raghavan , Rockström Johan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study tests the applicability of the curve number (CN) method within the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to estimate surface runoff at the watershed scale in tropical regions. To do this, surface runoff simulated using theCNmethod was compared with observed runoff in numerous rainfall‐runoff events in three small tropical watersheds located in the Upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. TheCNmethod generally performed well in simulating surface runoff in the studied watersheds (Nash‐Sutcliff efficiency [NSE] > 0.7; percent bias [PBIAS] < 32%). Moreover, there was no difference in the performance of theCNmethod in simulating surface runoff under low and high antecedent rainfall (PBIASfor both antecedent conditions: ~30%; modifiedNSE: ~0.4). It was also found that the method accurately estimated surface runoff at high rainfall intensity (e.g.,PBIAS < 15%); however, at low rainfall intensity, theCNmethod repeatedly underestimated surface runoff (e.g.,PBIAS > 60%). This was possibly due to low infiltrability and valley bottom saturated areas typical of many tropical soils, indicating that there is scope for further improvements in the parameterization/representation of tropical soils in theCNmethod for runoff estimation, to capture low rainfall‐intensity events. In this study the retention parameter was linked to the soil moisture content, which seems to be an appropriate approach to account forantecedent wetness conditionsin the tropics.
Quantifying Legacy Phosphorus Using a Mass Balance Approach and Uncertainty Analysis
Authors: Mittelstet A.R. , Storm D.E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractClassic agricultural‐conservation practices may not address decades of phosphorus (P) accumulation, known as legacy P. Identifying and quantifying legacy P sources are necessary to identify the most cost‐efficient conservation practices. A method was developed to identify and quantify legacy P at the watershed scale using a mass‐balance approach and uncertainty analysis. The method was applied to two nutrient‐rich watersheds in northeast Oklahoma and northwest Arkansas. Each P import and export to and from the two watersheds was identified and quantified using a probability distribution and uncertainty analysis. The P retained in the soils, reservoirs, and stream systems were estimated from 1925 to 2015. Over 8.5 and 6.1 kg/ha/year of P were added to the Illinois River and Eucha‐Spavinaw watersheds with 53 and 55% from poultry production, respectively. Other major historical sources were attributed to human population and commercial fertilizer. Though currently the net addition of P in the watersheds is small due to the export of approximately 90% of the poultry litter, historically only 14‐19% of all P imported to the Illinois River and Eucha‐Spavinaw watersheds was removed via the reservoir spillways, poultry litter, and food exports. The majority of the retained P is located in the soil, 3.6‐5.8 kg/ha/year, and stream systems, 0.01‐3.0 per ha/year.
Bacteriuria increases the risk of edematous attacks in hereditary angioedema with C1‐inhibitor deficiency
Authors: Zotter Z. , Veszeli N. , Kőhalmi K. V. , Varga L. , Imreh É. , Kovács G. , Nallbani M. , Farkas H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUrinary tract infections are considered among the most common infectious disorders in humans. Various infections may have a role in inducing HAE attacks. Our study intended to evaluate bacteriuria in the urinalysis of patients with C1‐INH‐HAE. Urine specimens contributed by 139 patients with C1‐INH‐HAE at the annual control visits were studied retrospectively for microorganisms. We analyzed the presence of bacteriuria in relation to the clinical symptoms. Taking into account three randomly selected urine specimens, we found that the cumulative number of edematous attacks was higher in patients with bacteriuria than in those without (P = 0.019, P = 0.022, P = 0.014). Considering the same patients, attack number was significantly higher (14.51 vs 8.63) in patients with bacteriuria than in those without (P < 0.0001). In patients with bacteriuria, we found a higher incidence of edema formation during the year before evaluation, which may suggest the triggering role of bacteriuria in the occurrence of edematous episodes.
Retinal pigment epithelium cell density in relationship to axial length in human eyes
Authors: Jonas Jost B. , Ohno‐Matsui Kyoko , Holbach Leonard , Panda‐Jonas Songhomitra 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo assess associations between axial length and density of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in various ocular regions.MethodsThe histomorphometric investigation included histological sections of enucleated eyes of Caucasian patients. Using a light microscope, we counted the number of RPE cells on Bruch′s membrane at the ora serrata, in the pre‐equatorial region, the equatorial and retro‐equatorial region, at the midpoint equator/posterior pole, and at the posterior pole.ResultsThe study included 65 globes with a mean axial length 25.9 ± 3.5 mm (range: 21.0–34.0 mm). Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell count in the equatorial to retro‐equatorial region (p < 0.001; correlation coefficient r2: 0.44), in the pre‐equatorial region (p < 0.001; r2: 0.39) and at the midpoint equator/posterior pole (p = 0.03; r2: 0.12) decreased with increasing axial length. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell count at the ora serrata (p = 0.49) and posterior pole (p = 0.44) was not significantly correlated with axial length. As a corollary, mean RPE cell density was higher (p < 0.001) at the posterior pole than at the midpoint equator/posterior pole or at the ora serrata region, where it was higher than in pre‐equatorial region (p < 0.001) and in the equatorial to retro‐equatorial region (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe decrease in the RPE cell density mainly in the equatorial to retro‐equatorial region in association with longer axial length suggests a region of enlargement of Bruch′s membrane in the equatorial to retro‐equatorial area in association with axial elongation. The finding may be of interest to elucidate the process of emmetropization/myopization.
Viewing the choroid: where we stand, challenges and contradictions in diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Campos António , Campos Elisa J. , Martins João , Ambrósio António Francisco , Silva Rufino 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDiabetic macular oedema (DMO) is the leading cause of vision loss in the working‐age population. Blood–retinal barrier (BRB) dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy (DR), mainly at the level of the retinal vessels, has long been related with leakage and fluid accumulation, leading to macular oedema. However, the nourishment of the macula is provided by the choroid and a diabetic choroidopathy has been described. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in studying the role of the choroid in the pathophysiology of DR and DMO, mainly by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Nevertheless, there are conflicting results in the different studies. We summarize the results from the available studies, describe the limitations and confounding factors and discuss future procedures to avoid bias.
Elevated lipoprotein (a) levels are an independent risk factor for retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Kuhli‐Hattenbach Claudia , Miesbach Wolfgang , Lüchtenberg Marc , Kohnen Thomas , Hattenbach Lars‐Olof 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the prevalence of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and other thrombophilic disorders among retinal vein occlusion (RVO) patients with regard to age and various risk factors.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 100 patients with central, hemicentral or branch RVO who had undergone routine thrombophilia screening. Data were compared with 100 controls. Both cohorts were divided into three subgroups (≤45 years, >45–≤60 years or >60 years), depending on the patients’ age at the time of the RVO or a previous thromboembolic event.ResultsElevated Lp(a) plasma levels were significantly more prevalent among RVO patients than among controls (p < 0.0001; OR: 4.8). Moreover, we determined age ≤60 years by the time of the first thromboembolic event as a strong predictor of elevated Lp(a) (p = 0.0002). The coincidence of elevated Lp(a) with other coagulation disorders further increased the OR for RVO to 9.3 (95% CI 2.1–41.8). Multivariate analysis revealed the presence of cardiovascular risk factors (OR: 3.1, p = 0.0004), elevated lipoprotein (a) levels (OR: 5.2, p = 0.0001) and increased factor VIII activity (OR: 5.9, p = 0.001) as independent risk factors for the development of RVO among patients.ConclusionOur results indicate that elevated plasma levels of Lp(a) are associated with the development of RVO. Selective screening of young patients and subjects with a personal or family history of thromboembolism may be helpful in identifying RVO patients with elevated Lp(a).
The novel H2S donor 4‐carboxy‐phenyl isothiocyanate inhibits mast cell degranulation and renin release by decreasing intracellular calcium
Authors: Marino Alice , Martelli Alma , Citi Valentina , Fu Ming , Wang Rui , Calderone Vincenzo , Levi Roberto 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground and PurposeHydrogen sulfide (H2S) modulates many pathophysiological processes, including inflammation and allergic reactions, in which mast cells act as major effector cells. IgE receptor (FcεRI) cross linking leads to an increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca+2]i), a critical step in mast cell degranulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of H2S in [Ca+2]i‐dependent mast cell activation.Experimental ApproachWe investigated the effects of H2S, either endogenously produced or released by the slow H2S donor 4‐carboxy‐phenyl isothiocyanate (PhNCS‐COOH), on antigenic‐ and non‐antigenic degranulation of native murine mast cells, and human and rat (RBL‐2H3) mast cell lines. We measured the release of specific mast cell degranulation markers (β‐hexosaminidase and renin), as well as changes in [Ca+2]i and phosphorylation of proteins downstream of FcεRI activation.Key ResultsEndogenously produced H2S inhibited antigen‐induced degranulation in RBL‐2H3. Similarly, H2S released by PhNCS‐COOH (10–300 μM) reduced, in a concentration‐dependent manner, antigenic and non‐antigenic degranulation and renin release in all mast cell types. Notably, PhNCS‐COOH also prevented in a concentration‐dependent mode the increase in [Ca+2]i elicited by Ca+2 ionophore, thapsigargin and FcεRI activation. Moreover, PhNCS‐COOH attenuated the phosphorylation of Syk, cPLA‐2 and PLCγ1 in antigen‐stimulated RBL‐2H3 cells.Conclusion and ImplicationsCollectively, our results demonstrate that, by attenuating the phosphorylation of proteins downstream of FcεRI cross‐linking on mast cells, H2S diminishes [Ca+2]i availability and thus mast cell degranulation and renin release. These findings suggest that PhNCS‐COOH could be a strategic therapeutic tool in mast cell‐mediated allergic conditions.