bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy suppresses host adaptive immune responses toward Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Buffen Kathrin , Oosting Marije , Li Yang , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi , Netea Mihai G , Joosten Leo A B 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy increased the Borrelia burgdorferi induced innate cytokine production in vitro, but little is known regarding the effect of autophagy on in vivo models of Borrelia infection. Here, we showed that ATG7-deficient mice that were intra-articular injected with Borrelia spirochetes displayed increased joint swelling, cell influx, and enhanced interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 production by inflamed synovial tissue. Because both interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 are linked to the development of adaptive immune responses, we examine the function of autophagy on Borrelia induced adaptive immunity. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with autophagy inhibitors showed an increase in interleukin-17, interleukin-22, and interferon-γ production in response to exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi. Increased IL-17 production was dependent on IL-1β release but, interestingly, not on interleukin-23 production. In addition, cytokine quantitative trait loci in ATG9B modulate the Borrelia induced interleukin-17 production. Because high levels of IL-17 have been found in patients with confirmed, severe, chronic borreliosis, we propose that the modulation of autophagy may be a potential target for anti-inflammatory therapy in patients with persistent Lyme disease.
Efficacy of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of depression
Authors: Hallahan Brian , Ryan Timothy , Hibbeln Joseph R. , Murray Ivan T. , Glynn Shauna , Ramsden Christopher E. , SanGiovanni John Paul , Davis John M. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundTrials evaluating efficacy of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) in major depressive disorder report discrepant findings.AimsTo establish the reasons underlying inconsistent findings among randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of omega-3 HUFAs for depression and to assess implications for further trials.MethodA systematic bibliographic search of double-blind RCTs was conducted between January 1980 and July 2014 and an exploratory hypothesis-testing meta-analysis performed in 35 RCTs including 6665 participants receiving omega-3 HUFAs and 4373 participants receiving placebo.ResultsAmong participants with diagnosed depression, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-predominant formulations (>50% EPA) demonstrated clinical benefits compared with placebo (Hedge'sG= 0.61,P<0.001) whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-predominant formulations (>50% DHA) did not. EPA failed to prevent depressive symptoms among populations not diagnosed for depression.ConclusionsFurther RCTs should be conducted on study populations with diagnosed or clinically significant depression of adequate duration using EPA-predominant omega-3 HUFA formulations.
Impact of loneliness and depression on mortality: Results from the Longitudinal Ageing Study Amsterdam
Authors: Holwerda Tjalling J. , van Tilburg Theo G. , Deeg Dorly J. H. , Schutter Natasja , Van Rien , Dekker Jack , Stek Max L. , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Schoevers Robert A. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundLoneliness is highly prevalent among older people, has serious health consequences and is an important predictor of mortality. Loneliness and depression may unfavourably interact with each other over time but data on this topic are scarce.AimsTo determine whether loneliness is associated with excess mortality after 19 years of follow-up and whether the joint effect with depression confers further excess mortality.MethodDifferent aspects of loneliness were measured with the De Jong Gierveld scale and depression with the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in a cohort of 2878 people aged 55–85 with 19 years of follow-up. Excess mortality hypotheses were tested with Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses controlling for potential confounders.ResultsAt follow-up loneliness and depression were associated with excess mortality in older men and women in bivariate analysis but not in multivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, severe depression was associated with excess mortality in men who were lonely but not in women.ConclusionsLoneliness and depression are important predictors of early death in older adults. Severe depression has a strong association with excess mortality in older men who were lonely, indicating a lethal combination in this group.
Clinical outcomes and mortality associated with weekend
admission to psychiatric hospital
Authors: Patel Rashmi , Chesney Edward , Cullen Alexis E. , Tulloch Alex D. , Broadbent Matthew , Stewart Robert , McGuire Philip 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundStudies indicate that risk of mortality is higher for patients admitted
to acute hospitals at the weekend. However, less is known about clinical
outcomes among patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals.AimsTo investigate whether weekend admission to a psychiatric hospital is
associated with worse clinical outcomes.MethodData were obtained from 45 264 consecutive psychiatric hospital
admissions. The association of weekend admission with in-patient
mortality, duration of hospital admission and risk of readmission was
investigated using multivariable regression analyses. Secondary analyses
were performed to investigate the distribution of admissions, discharges,
in-patient mortality, episodes of seclusion and violent incidents on
different days of the week.ResultsThere were 7303 weekend admissions (16.1%). Patients who were aged
between 26 and 35 years, female or from a minority ethnic group were more
likely to be admitted at the weekend. Patients admitted at the weekend
were more likely to present via acute hospital services, other
psychiatric hospitals and the criminal justice system than to be admitted
directly from their own home. Weekend admission was associated with a
shorter duration of admission (B coefficient –21.1 days,
95% CI –24.6 to –17.6, P<0.001) and an increased risk
of readmission in the 12 months following index admission (incidence rate
ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.18, P<0.001), but
in-patient mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.23,
P = 0.30) was not greater than for weekday admission.
Fewer episodes of seclusion occurred at the weekend but there was no
significant variation in deaths during hospital admission or violent
incidents on different days of the week.ConclusionsBeing admitted at the weekend was not associated with an increased risk
of in-patient mortality. However, patients admitted at the weekend had
shorter admissions and were more likely to be readmitted, suggesting that
they may represent a different clinical population to those admitted
during the week. This is an important consideration if mental healthcare
services are to be implemented across a 7-day week.
The People with Asperger syndrome and anxiety disorders (PAsSA) trial: a pilot multicentre, single-blind randomised trial of group cognitive–behavioural therapy
Authors: Langdon Peter E. , Murphy Glynis H. , Shepstone Lee , Wilson Edward C.F. , Fowler David , Heavens David , Russell Alexandra , Rose Alice , Malovic Aida , Mullineaux Louise 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThere is a growing interest in using cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) with people who have Asperger syndrome and comorbid mental health problems.AimsTo examine whether modified group CBT for clinically significant anxiety in an Asperger syndrome population is feasible and likely to be efficacious.MethodUsing a randomised assessor-blind trial, 52 individuals with Asperger syndrome were randomised into a treatment arm or a waiting-list control arm. After 24 weeks, those in the waiting-list control arm received treatment, while those initially randomised to treatment were followed up for 24 weeks.ResultsThe conversion rate for this trial was high (1.6:1), while attrition was 13%. After 24 weeks, there was no significant difference between those randomised to the treatment arm compared with those randomised to the waiting-list control arm on the primary outcome measure, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety.ConclusionsTrials of psychological therapies with this population are feasible. Larger definitive trials are now needed.
Feasibility of Report Cards for Measuring Anesthesiologist Quality for Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Glance Laurent G. , Hannan Edward L. , Fleisher Lee A. , Eaton Michael P. , Dutton Richard P. , Lustik Stewart J. , Li Yue , Dick Andrew W. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:
In creating the Merit-Based Incentive Payment System, Congress has mandated pay-for-performance (P4P) for all physicians, including anesthesiologists. There are currently no National Quality Forum–endorsed risk-adjusted outcome metrics for anesthesiologists to use as the basis for P4P.

METHODS:
Using clinical data from the New York State Cardiac Surgery Reporting System, we conducted a retrospective observational study of 55,436 patients undergoing cardiac surgery between 2009 and 2012. Hierarchical logistic regression modeling was used to examine the variation in in-hospital mortality or major complications (Q-wave myocardial infarction, renal failure, stroke, and respiratory failure) among anesthesiologists, controlling for patient demographics, severity of disease, comorbidities, and hospital quality.

RESULTS:
Although the variation in performance among anesthesiologists was statistically significant (P = 0.025), none of the anesthesiologists in the sample was classified as a high- or low-performance outliers. The contribution of anesthesiologists to outcomes represented 0.51% of the overall variability in patient outcomes (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.0051; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.002–0.014), whereas the contribution of hospitals to patient outcomes was 2.90% (ICC = 0.029; 95% CI, 0.017–0.050). The anesthesiologist median odds ratio (MOR) was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.08–1.24), suggesting that the variation between anesthesiologist was modest, whereas the hospital MOR was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.25–1.48). In a separate analysis, the contribution of surgeons to overall outcomes represented 1.76% of the overall variability in patient outcomes (ICC = 0.018, 95% CI, 0.010–0.031), and the surgeon MOR was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.19–1.37). Twelve of the surgeons were identified as performance outliers.

CONCLUSIONS:
The impact of anesthesiologists on the total variability in cardiac surgical outcomes was probably about one-fourth as large as the surgeons’ contribution. None of the anesthesiologists caring for cardiac surgical patients in New York State over a 3+ year period were identified as performance outliers. The use of a performance metric based on death or major complications for P4P may not be feasible for cardiac anesthesiologists.
Survival of glucose phosphate isomerase null somatic cells and germ cells in adult mouse chimaeras
Authors: Keighren Margaret A. , Flockhart Jean H. , West John D. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe mouse Gpi1 gene encodes the glycolytic enzyme glucose phosphate isomerase. Homozygous Gpi1−/− null mouse embryos die but a previous study showed that some homozygous Gpi1−/− null cells survived when combined with wild-type cells in fetal chimaeras. One adult female Gpi1−/−↔Gpi1c/c chimaera with functional Gpi1−/− null oocytes was also identified in a preliminary study. The aims were to characterise the survival of Gpi1−/− null cells in adult Gpi1−/−↔Gpi1c/c chimaeras and determine if Gpi1−/− null germ cells are functional. Analysis of adult Gpi1−/−↔Gpi1c/c chimaeras with pigment and a reiterated transgenic lineage marker showed that low numbers of homozygous Gpi1−/− null cells could survive in many tissues of adult chimaeras, including oocytes. Breeding experiments confirmed that Gpi1−/− null oocytes in one female Gpi1−/−↔Gpi1c/c chimaera were functional and provided preliminary evidence that one male putative Gpi1−/−↔Gpi1c/c chimaera produced functional spermatozoa from homozygous Gpi1−/− null germ cells. Although the male chimaera was almost certainly Gpi1−/−↔Gpi1c/c, this part of the study is considered preliminary because only blood was typed for GPI. Gpi1−/− null germ cells should survive in a chimaeric testis if they are supported by wild-type Sertoli cells. It is also feasible that spermatozoa could bypass a block at GPI, but not blocks at some later steps in glycolysis, by using fructose, rather than glucose, as the substrate for glycolysis. Although chimaera analysis proved inefficient for studying the fate of Gpi1−/− null germ cells, it successfully identified functional Gpi1−/− null oocytes and revealed that some Gpi1−/− null cells could survive in many adult tissues.
The central element of the synaptonemal complex in mice is organized as a bilayered junction structure
Authors: Hernández-Hernández Abrahan , Masich Sergej , Fukuda Tomoyuki , Kouznetsova Anna , Sandin Sara , Daneholt Bertil , Höög Christer 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The synaptonemal complex transiently stabilizes pairing interactions between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Assembly of the synaptonemal complex is mediated through integration of opposing transverse filaments into a central element, a process that is poorly understood. We have, here, analyzed the localization of the transverse filament protein SYCP1 and the central element proteins SYCE1, SYCE2 and SYCE3 within the central region of the synaptonemal complex in mouse spermatocytes using immunoelectron microscopy. Distribution of immuno-gold particles in a lateral view of the synaptonemal complex, supported by protein interaction data, suggest that the N-terminal region of SYCP1 and SYCE3 form a joint bilayered central structure, and that SYCE1 and SYCE2 localize in between the two layers. We find that disruption of SYCE2 and TEX12 (a fourth central element protein) localization to the central element abolishes central alignment of the N-terminal region of SYCP1. Thus, our results show that all four central element proteins, in an interdependent manner, contribute to stabilization of opposing N-terminal regions of SYCP1, forming a bilayered transverse-filament–central-element junction structure that promotes synaptonemal complex formation and synapsis.
Οι ατομικές συνεντεύξεις ως μέσο γνωριμίας με τα παιδιά προσχολικής ηλικίας: Εμπειρίες αρχάριων φοιτητών
Authors: Μπιρμπίλη Μαρία , Παπανδρέου Μαρία , Γρηγοριάδης Αθανάσιος , Ιππέκη Βίκυ 
Published: April 2016

<p> Ανάμεσα στις βασικές ικανότητες που πρέπει να αναπτύξουν κατά την αρχική εκπαίδευσή τους οι υποψήφιοι εκπαιδευτικοί, είναι η ικανότητα αναγνώρισης και κατανόησης των ιδιαίτερων χαρακτηριστικών των παιδιών μιας τάξης και η ικανότητα επικοινωνίας μαζί τους. Με στόχο την ανάπτυξη των παραπάνω ικανοτήτων μια από τις πιο συνηθισμένες στρατηγικές στις οποίες καλούνται να εξασκηθούν οι υποψήφιοι εκπαιδευτικοί, κατά τη διάρκεια των σπουδών τους, είναι οι ατομικές συνεντεύξεις με παιδιά.</p><p> Κατά τη διάρκεια της Α’ φάσης του προγράμματος της Πρακτικής Άσκησης του Τμήματος Επιστημών Προσχολικής Αγωγής και Εκπαίδευσης του Αριστοτέλειου Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλονίκης, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν οι ατομικές συνεντεύξεις εκπαιδευτικών-παιδιών ως ένα εργαλείο που μπορεί να δώσει στους υποψήφιους εκπαιδευτικούς τη δυνατότητα να εξοικειωθούν με τεχνικές διατύπωσης ερωτήσεων και επικοινωνίας με μικρά παιδιά και να προσεγγίσουν τον τρόπο σκέψης αυτής της ηλικίας.</p><p> Μετά τη συνέντευξη με ένα παιδί της δικής τους επιλογής, οι φοιτήτριες κλήθηκαν να απαντήσουν σε ερωτήσεις που αφορούσαν το σχεδιασμό και την υλοποίηση των ατομικών συνεντεύξεων με στόχο τη διερεύνηση των απόψεών τους για το συγκεκριμένο εργαλείο ως «μέσο γνωριμίας» με τα παιδιά. Η ανάλυση των απαντήσεων 114 φοιτητριών δίνει χρήσιμες πληροφορίες για τις αντιλήψεις των φοιτητών σχετικά με τα χαρακτηριστικά και τις δυνατότητες των παιδιών της προσχολικής ηλικίας και τη χρησιμότητα, ή μη της ατομικής συνέντευξης ως διδακτικό εργαλείο. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι η συνέντευξη με τα παιδιά μπορεί να αποτελέσει μια αποτελεσματική στρατηγική κατά την αρχική εκπαίδευση των εκπαιδευτικών, για την ευαισθητοποίηση και τη γνωριμία τους με τα παιδιά της προσχολικής ηλικίας.</p>
Η επαγγελματική ανάπτυξη και ικανοποίηση των αποσπασμένων εκπαιδευτικών από την ενασχόλησή τους με την πρακτική άσκηση των φοιτητών
Authors: Μπότσογλου Καφένια 
Published: April 2016

<p>Οι πρακτικές ασκήσεις των φοιτητών των παιδαγωγικών τμημάτων είναι άρρηκτα συνδεδεμένες με την εμπλοκή και υποστήριξη των αποσπασμένων εκπαιδευτικών. Η παρουσία τους αποτελεί έναν συνδετικό κρίκο ανάμεσα στο πανεπιστήμιο και στο σχολείο και είναι εκείνοι που με την καθημερινή τους επαφή με τους φοιτητές, τους βοηθούν να διερευνήσουν και να χτίσουν σταδιακά το ατομικό διδακτικό τους προφίλ. Επιπρόσθετα, η εμπειρία τους μέσα στην τάξη, αλλά και τα αυξημένα προσόντα που συνήθως έχουν (μεταπτυχιακές σπουδές, διδακτορικοί τίτλοι) τους καθιστούν πολύτιμους συνεργάτες των μελών ΔΕΠ ενός τμήματος.</p><p>Όμως, ποια είναι τα κίνητρα που κάνουν ένα εκπαιδευτικό να επιλέγει να αφήσει την σχολική τάξη και να αποσπαστεί σε κάποιο παιδαγωγικό τμήμα; Ποιες είναι οι προσδοκίες του κατά την περίοδο της απόσπασής του στο Πανεπιστήμιο; Πως αξιολογεί αυτήν την εμπειρία και τι ρόλο μπορεί να παίξει στην επαγγελματική του ανάπτυξη; Πως πιστεύει ότι θα μπορούσε να αξιοποιηθεί καλύτερα;</p><p>Αυτά είναι μερικά από τα ερωτήματα που επιχειρούμε να απαντήσουμε στο πλαίσιο της συγκεκριμένης έρευνας. Πρόκειται για μία μελέτη περίπτωσης, αφού το δείγμα αποτελείται από αποσπασμένους εκπαιδευτικούς των Παιδαγωγικών Τμημάτων του Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλίας. Για τη διεξαγωγή της έρευνας, χρησιμοποιήθηκε ερωτηματολόγιο του οποίου τα αποτελέσματα τα επεξεργαστήκαμε με το στατιστικό πακέτο, SPSS 20.</p><p>Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας φωτίζουν ιδιαίτερα ενδιαφέρουσες οπτικές από την πλευρά των αποσπασμένων εκπαιδευτικών σχετικά με την καλύτερη αξιοποίηση τους , αλλά και τις δυνατότητες επαγγελματικής ανάπτυξης και ικανοποίησης που οι ίδιοι μπορούν να έχουν.</p>
The International Diversification of Banks and the Value of Their Cross-Border M&A Advice
Authors: Rajamani Anjana , van der Poel Marieke , de Jong Abe , Ongena Steven 
Published: April 2016

We examine the impact of the international diversification of banks on the value of their advice in 1,705 cross-border merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions. We find that bidders engaging internationally diversified advisors face lower announcement returns. An increase of one standard deviation in advisor diversification is associated with an announcement return lower by 92 basis points for a bidder acquiring a listed target. The lower bidder returns are attributable to the lower synergies of the deals being completed. Our evidence suggests that internationally diversified advisors offer lower-quality advice to their clients, since their reputational concerns are weakened by having access to multiple geographies from which they can derive fee-based income. We present further evidence that financial incentives in the form of the advisor’s involvement in deal financing and market incentives in the form of the potential to gain market share in the bidder country may mitigate some of the negative effects of the international diversification of the advisors. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2396 . This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Mental Equilibrium and Strategic Emotions
Authors: Winter Eyal , Méndez-Naya Luciano , García-Jurado Ignacio 
Published: April 2016

We model mental states as part of an equilibrium notion. In a mental equilibrium each player “selects” an emotional state that determines the player’s preferences over the outcomes of the game. These preferences typically differ from the players’ material preferences. The emotional states interact to play a Nash equilibrium and, in addition, each player’s mental state must be a best response to the mental states of the others (in the sense of maximizing material payoffs). We discuss the concept behind the definition of mental equilibrium and examine it in the context of some of the most popular games discussed in the experimental economics literature. In particular, our approach allows us to identify the mental states (the psychology) that lead players to play various prominent experimental outcomes. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for mental equilibria to be sustained by material preferences. Finally, we discuss the concept of collective emotions, which is based on the idea that players can coordinate their mental states. This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Paying for What You Get: Accounting for the Nonrenewable Component in Wood to Energy
Authors: Krč Janez , Taylor Adam , Hodges Donald 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Growing international trade in wood pellets is one response to regional efforts to mitigate the global problem of climate change. With this growing use of wood energy, there is increased scrutiny of the associated environmental impacts and concern over possible unintended consequences (e.g., nonrenewable energy inputs) that may detract from the carbon savings provided by such renewable energy sources. The focus of this article is to present an accounting system for the embodied fossil fuels in wood energy systems. This system is based on life-cycle assessment methodology and could accommodate fairly the variability in fossil fuel inputs for various bioenergy systems. Such a system could be incorporated into biofuel subsidies or carbon taxation policies. We use three scenarios as examples to illustrate (1) that wood-to-energy systems entail the use of fossil fuels and that the amount of this “embodied fossil carbon” varies with the processing inputs and transportation required and (2) that carbon tax/biofuel subsidies can be adjusted to accommodate variations in embodied fossil carbon. The growth in life-cycle databases and the advent of environmental product declarations make embodied fossil fuel calculations such as those presented here an increasingly practical component of biofuels policy development.
A collection is born!
Authors: Walkden George 
Published: April 2016

This collection is ScienceOpen's first linguistics collection - and, to my knowledge, its first collection that might be said to fall into the humanities rather than the sciences. There are many reasons for this state of affairs. For one, the humanities lag behind the sciences in both green and gold open access - though linguistics is leading the way (perhaps unsurprisingly, given its liminal status straddling the whole range from arts to hard science). But we ought to start somewhere.
Researchers in the field of historical linguistics and language change are likely to find this collection unrepresentative of the field as a whole. What is included in the collection so far is heavily skewed towards mathematical and computational modelling of language change, with more use of the word "evolution" than is normally found in historical linguistics papers, and some of the authors are not linguists by training - this is a natural bias given the origin of most of these articles in repositories such as arXiv. Ultimately the collection ought to become more representative, and I aim to include papers from all areas of the field - but this will only happen if publication practices change correspondingly (and ideally if ScienceOpen starts to draw content from sources such as lingBuzz). If you're a historical linguist, you can start today by publishing your work on ScienceOpen and letting me know!