bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits from the 1U genome of Aegilops umbellulata confer superior dough rheological properties and improve breadmaking quality of bread wheat
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Chang , Zhen Shoumin , Li Xiaohui , Yan Yueming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDWheat‐related genomes may carry new glutenin genes with the potential for quality improvement of breadmaking. In this study, we estimated the gluten quality properties of the wheat line CNU609 derived from crossing between Chinese Spring (CS, Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) and the wheat Aegilops umbellulata (2n = 2x = 14, UU) 1U(1B) substitution line, and investigated the function of 1U‐encoded low‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits (LMW‐GS).RESULTSThe main quality parameters of CNU609 were significantly improved due to introgression of the 1U genome, including dough development time, stability time, farinograph quality number, gluten index, loaf size and inner structure. Glutenin analysis showed that CNU609 and CS had the same high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS) composition, but CNU609 carried eight specific 1U genome‐encoded LMW‐GS. The introgression of the 1U‐encoded LMW‐GS led to more and larger protein body formation in the CNU609 endosperm. Two new LMW‐m type genes from the 1U genome, designated Glu‐U3a and Glu‐U3b, were cloned and characterized. Secondary structure prediction implied that both Glu‐U3a and Glu‐U3b encode subunits with high α‐helix and β‐strand content that could benefit the formation of superior gluten structure.CONCLUSIONOur results indicate that the 1U genome has superior LMW‐GS that can be used as new gene resources for wheat gluten quality improvement. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A design method for flicker‐free liquid crystal display panels based on indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide thin‐film transistors
Authors: Kim Lee‐Young , Kwon Oh‐Kyong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes a design method to reduce the flicker of liquid crystal display panels based on indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The proposed design method employs a human factor model to convert the flicker measured at low frame frequency (FFRAME) to a modification value of the measured flicker (MVMF) having a frequency sensitivity of flicker, which can distinguish between no blinking and weak blinking. To investigate the causes and characteristics of flicker, the frequency component and increase factor of flicker are analyzed using the checkerboard and solid images. The increase factor in flicker is examined using IGZO TFTs with different antenna ratios (ARs) that cause the variation in threshold voltage of IGZO TFT. To verify the proposed design method, two test panels are implemented with asymmetric and symmetric ARs. The MVMFs of the 15 Hz component at a low FFRAME of 30 Hz show that the solid image with a symmetric AR has an MVMF of −62.9 dB, which is improved by 24.3 dB compared to that with an asymmetric AR. Therefore, the proposed method is applicable for a flicker‐free liquid crystal display panels at a low FFRAME.
Reliability of Evaluating Achilles Tendon Vascularization Assessed With Doppler Ultrasound Advanced Dynamic Flow
Authors: Risch Lucie , Wochatz Monique , Messerschmidt Janin , Engel Tilman , Mayer Frank , Cassel Michael 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesThe reliability of quantifying intratendinous vascularization by high‐sensitivity Doppler ultrasound advanced dynamic flow has not been examined yet. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of evaluating Achilles tendon vascularization by advanced dynamic flow using established scoring systems.MethodsThree investigators evaluated vascularization in 67 recordings in a test‐retest design, applying the Ohberg score, a modified Ohberg score, and a counting score. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement for the Ohberg score and modified Ohberg score was analyzed by the Cohen κ and Fleiss κ coefficients (absolute), Kendall τ b coefficient, and Kendall coefficient of concordance (W; relative). The reliability of the counting score was analyzed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) 2.1 and 3.1, the standard error of measurement (SEM), and Bland‐Altman analysis (bias and limits of agreement [LoA]).ResultsIntraobserver and interobserver agreement (absolute/relative) ranged from 0.61 to 0.87/0.87 to 0.95 and 0.11 to 0.66/0.76 to 0.89 for the Ohberg score and from 0.81 to 0.87/0.92 to 0.95 and 0.64 to 0.80/0.88 to 0.93 for the modified Ohberg score, respectively. The counting score revealed an intraobserver ICC of 0.94 to 0.97 (SEM, 1.0–1.5; bias, –1; and LoA, 3–4 vessels). The interobserver ICC for the counting score ranged from 0.91 to 0.98 (SEM, 1.0–1.9; bias, 0; and LoA, 3–5 vessels).ConclusionsThe modified Ohberg score and counting score showed excellent reliability and seem convenient for research and clinical practice. The Ohberg score revealed decent intraobserver but unexpected low interobserver reliability and therefore cannot be recommended.
Abandonment of traditional terraced landscape: A change detection approach (a case study in Costa Viola, Calabria, Italy)
Authors: Modica Giuseppe , Praticò Salvatore , Di Fazio Salvatore 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a change‐detection study of the historical agricultural terraced landscape in “Costa Viola” (Calabria, South Italy). During the last century, because of the loss of economic competitiveness, it has undergone progressive abandonment, followed by landscape degradation. Taking into consideration the very steep slopes of Costa Viola and the need to analyse with high precision the historical evolution of the terraced landscape, research methods were implemented coupling advanced geomatic techniques with in situ detailed surveys. Based on historical aerial photographs, orthophotos, and numeric cartography, we analysed the land use/land cover change in the period 1955–2014 using photogrammetric and geoprocessing techniques, focusing particularly on trajectories in agricultural terraces. Area covered by active terraces decreased dramatically between 1955 and 2014, from 813.25 to 118.79 ha (−85.4%). The implemented spatial database was built in a free open‐source software taking into consideration spatial accuracies and completeness. Spatial comparison among land use/land cover maps was carried out using a postclassification comparison technique that can provide complete cross‐tabulation matrices. These data were compared with socio‐economic statistics concerning demography and trends of farms with vineyards. The evolutionary dynamics of the active agricultural terraces were also analysed trough the definition of 6 types of spatio‐temporal patterns recognised in the analysed period. These methods allowed to highlight the ongoing dynamics of abandonment of agricultural terraces in relation to their main causes and effects. Although tailored for the specific case study, they can be applied to many other terraced agricultural landscapes presenting similar characteristics and problems.
The influence of coring method on the preservation of sedimentary and biogeochemical features when sampling soft‐bottom, shallow coastal environments
Authors: Mogg Andrew O. M. , Attard Karl M. , Stahl Henrik , Brand Tim , Turnewitsch Robert , Sayer Martin D. J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIt is frequently assumed that taking samples of soft marine sediments using surface‐based gravity coring equipment causes minimal disruption to their sedimentological, biogeochemical, and biological condition. This assumption was evaluated by examining the potential disturbances caused when obtaining soft‐sediment samples either by SCUBA or Craib‐coring, comparing sediment oxygen microprofiles, benthic oxygen flux rates and sediment solid phase analyses (chlorophyll a (Chl a), organic carbon, and porosity) between both methods and against reference values measured in situ by benthic lander. The two sampling methodologies were tested in shallow coastal environments on the west coast of Scotland and generally the results obtained from cores collected using SCUBA exhibited values closest to those observed in situ. Oxygen penetration depth was significantly shallower in cores obtained by Craib‐corer compared with the SCUBA cores. Craib cores also produced higher oxygen uptake rates which could be caused by greater levels of sediment disturbance during sampling. In addition, more homogenous levels of Chl a in the top 1 cm of the Craib cores, compared with the SCUBA samples, may indicate either resuspension or compression during gravity coring. Using SCUBA for shallow‐water soft‐sediment sampling permits steady and controlled core‐tube insertion and extraction, and more measured retrieval of the cores to the surface; this probably accounts for the observed differences. Whereas benthic lander‐based in situ measurement would be the preferred method for analyzing sediment parameters in detail in this type of environment, SCUBA‐based sampling offers a more accurate alternative to surface‐based gravity coring.
Phthalonitrile Blends: Simple Way to Improve Physical Properties by Increasing Crosslinking Density
Authors: Laskoski Matthew , Clarke Jadah S. , Neal Arianna , Keller Teddy M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA method to improve the mechanical properties of phthalonitrile (PN) resins at lower postcure temperatures is achieved by blending a second‐generation oligomeric aromatic ether ketone‐based PN resin with 1,1,1‐tris‐[4‐(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy)phenyl]ethane in varying concentrations. Most of the mixtures exhibit a single softening temperature indicating that the two resins are miscibile in one another at the respective concentrations. After various blends are thermally cured to several postcure temperatures yielding crosslinked polymers, the polymers demonstrate superb mechanical properties and thermooxidative stability at lower overall postcure temperatures.
A Criterion for Flow‐Induced Oriented Crystals in Isotactic Polypropylene under Pressure
Authors: Yang Shu‐Gui , Ma Zhe , Lei Jun , Li Liangbin , Hsiao Benjamin S. , Li Zhong‐Ming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFlow‐induced oriented crystals have attracted considerable attention because they significantly increase stiffness and strength of polymer products. Naturally, understanding the necessary condition of forming oriented crystals is of importance for both industry and polymer physics. Following the concept of specific work of flow proposed by Mykhaylyk and co‐workers, the expression of the specific work of flow, w
(T,P), was carefully summarized and verified that when w
(T,P) is above a critical specific work of flow, w
c(T,P) = (1.7 ± 0.7) × 107 J m−3, oriented crystals in isotactic polypropylene can be induced by flow at pressures (50, 100, and 150 MPa) and at a undercooling of 65 K. The influences of pressure on w
c(T,P) stem from two facets: one is the influence on the melt viscosity (the Barus law), and the other one is the influence on the equilibrium melting temperature (the Clapeyron equation). The current study can guide real processing to fabricate high‐performance polymer products with oriented crystals.
Pedunculopontine nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: A clinical review
Authors: Thevathasan Wesley , Debu Bettina , Aziz Tipu , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Blahak Christian , Butson Christopher , Czernecki Virginie , Foltynie Thomas , Fraix Valerie , Grabli David , Joint Carole , Lozano Andres M. , Okun Michael S. , Ostrem Jill , Pavese Nicola , Schrader Christoph , Tai Chun‐Hwei , Krauss Joachim K. , Moro Elena ,   on behalf of the Movement Disorders Society PPN DBS Working Groupin collaboration with the World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTPedunculopontine nucleus region deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising but experimental therapy for axial motor deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly gait freezing and falls. Here, we summarise the clinical application and outcomes reported during the past 10 years. The published dataset is limited, comprising fewer than 100 cases. Furthermore, there is great variability in clinical methodology between and within surgical centers. The most common indication has been severe medication refractory gait freezing (often associated with postural instability). Some patients received lone pedunculopontine nucleus DBS (unilateral or bilateral) and some received costimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or internal pallidum. Both rostral and caudal pedunculopontine nucleus subregions have been targeted. However, the spread of stimulation and variance in targeting means that neighboring brain stem regions may be implicated in any response. Low stimulation frequencies are typically employed (20‐80 Hertz). The fluctuating nature of gait freezing can confound programming and outcome assessments. Although firm conclusions cannot be drawn on therapeutic efficacy, the literature suggests that medication refractory gait freezing and falls can improve. The impact on postural instability is unclear. Most groups report a lack of benefit on gait or limb akinesia or dopaminergic medication requirements. The key question is whether pedunculopontine nucleus DBS can improve quality of life in PD. So far, the evidence supporting such an effect is minimal. Development of pedunculopontine nucleus DBS to become a reliable, established therapy would likely require a collaborative effort between experienced centres to clarify biomarkers predictive of response and the optimal clinical methodology. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Structure–Function Relationship Studies In Vitro Reveal Distinct and Specific Effects of Long‐Chain Metabolites of Vitamin E
Authors: Schmölz Lisa , Wallert Maria , Rozzino Nicolò , Cignarella Andrea , Galli Francesco , Glei Michael , Werz Oliver , Koeberle Andreas , Birringer Marc , Lorkowski Stefan 
Published: September 2017

ScopeCytochrome‐dependent metabolism of vitamin E initially forms the long‐chain metabolites (LCM) 13′‐hydroxychromanols (13′‐OH) and 13′‐carboxychromanols (13′‐COOH), which occur in human blood. Little is known about their biological functions.Material and resultsA structure–activity relationship study using α‐ and δ‐tocopherol (TOH), their LCM (α‐13′‐OH, δ‐13′‐OH, α‐13′‐COOH, and δ‐13′‐COOH) and representatives of their substructures (α‐carboxyethylhydroxychromanol and pristanic acid) is performed to unravel critical structural elements of the LCM for biological activity. Prominent effects are mediated by α‐ and δ‐LCM, as scavenger receptor cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) expression is induced in human THP‐1 macrophages and lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNos) expression is inhibited in murine RAW264.7 macrophages, while the other molecules are less or not effective.ConclusionThe LCM effects depend on the presence of the chromanol ring system and on the modification of the side‐chain but not on the substitution pattern of the chromanol ring. Therefore, it can be concluded that for mediation of effects by LCM the entire molecule is needed and that the effects are specific. We propose the LCM of the micronutrient vitamin E as a new class of regulatory metabolites, but further studies are needed to corroborate this hypothesis.
New weighting factor of weighted CTDI equation for PMMA phantom diameter from 8 to 40 cm: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Haba Tomonobu , Koyama Shuji , Kinomura Yutaka , Ida Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Masanao 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe weighted computed tomography dose index (CTDIw) uses measured CTDI values at the center and periphery of a cylindrical phantom. The CTDIw value is calculated using conventional, Bakalyar's, and Choi's weighting factors. However, these weighting factors were produced from only 16‐ and 32‐cm‐diameter cylindrical phantoms. This study aims to devise new weighting factors to provide more accurate average dose in the central cross‐sectional plane of cylindrical phantoms over a wide range of object diameters, by using Monte Carlo simulations.MethodsSimulations were performed by modeling a Toshiba Aquilion ONE CT scanner, in order to compute the cross‐sectional dose profiles of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cylindrical phantoms of each diameter (8–40 cm at 4‐cm steps), for various tube voltages and longitudinal beam widths. Two phantom models were simulated, corresponding to the CTDI100 method and the method recommended by American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) task group 111. The dose‐computation PMMA cylinders of 1 mm diameter were located between the phantom surfaces and the centers at intervals of 1 mm, from which cross‐sectional dose profiles were calculated. By using linear least‐squares fits to the obtained cross‐sectional dose profiles data, we determined new weighting factors to estimate more accurate average doses in the PMMA cylindrical phantoms by using the CTDIw equation: CTDIw = Wcenter ・ CTDIcenter + Wperiphery ・ CTDIperiphery. In order to demonstrate the validity of the devised new weighting factors, the percentage difference between average dose and CTDIw value was evaluated for the weighting factors (conventional, Bakalyar's, Choi's, and devised new weighting factors) in each calculated cross‐sectional dose profile.ResultsWith the use of linear least‐squares techniques, new weighting factors (Wcenter = 3/8 and Wperiphery = 5/8 where Wcenter and Wperiphery are weighting factors for CTDIcenter and CTDIperiphery) were determined. The maximum percentage differences between average dose and CTDIw value were 16, −12, −8, and −6% for the conventional, Bakalyar's, Choi's, and devised new weighting factors, respectively.ConclusionsWe devised new weighting factors (Wcenter = 3/8 and Wperiphery = 5/8) to provide more accurate average dose estimation in PMMA cylindrical phantoms over a wide range of diameter. The CTDIw equation with devised new weighting factors could estimate average dose in PMMA cylindrical phantoms with a maximum difference of −6%. The results of this study can estimate the average dose in PMMA cylindrical phantoms more accurately than the conventional weighting factors (Wcenter = 1/3 and Wperiphery = 2/3).
Trust management in cognitive radio networks: A survey
Authors: Bennaceur Jihen , Idoudi Hanen , Azouz Saidane Leila 
Published: September 2017

SummaryCognitive radio is proposed to solve the interference and underutilized license problems. With the development of the cognitive functionalities, classical and new security threats become challenging. To make wireless cognitive radio networks more secure and more reliable, several approaches have been proposed in the literature. In recent years, trust and reputation management (TRM) techniques are more and more considered for cognitive radio networks to secure them against the malicious and misbehaving users that try to deprive others from using the white space. The scope of this survey is to give a comprehensive overview about the existing TRM‐based mechanisms proposed for the cognitive radio networks. We expose the existing classifications of TRM techniques, then we introduce a new classification that takes into account, more exhaustively, different TRM properties and approaches.
The gelation of hydroxypropyl guar gum by nano‐ZrO2
Authors: Chen Fu , Yang Yang , He Jie , Bu Tao , He Xuemei , He Kunyi , Xiang Chunlin , Yu Zongxue , Wu Hongjun 
Published: September 2017

In the study, hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) gel is prepared by using Nano‐ZrO2particles as the cross‐linking agent. The Nan‐ZrO2particles are prepared by using oil‐water interface method. The physical properties such as morphology, particle size, and crystal structure of the Nano‐ZrO2particles are analyzed by SEM, particle size analyzer, FT‐IR, and XRD, respectively. The results show that the Nano‐ZrO2particles are spherical particles with a little agglomeration; these spherical particles have a tetragonal structure and higher crystallinity, and the mean diameter of the first‐level grain is 24 nm. The rheological properties including shear stress, complex modulus, elasticity modulus (G′), and viscosity modulus (G′′) of the Nano‐ZrO2cross‐linked HPG gel are investigated. The results show that the Nano‐ZrO2cross‐linked HPG gel is a pseudo‐plastic non‐Newtonian fluid with higher elastic modulus (G′ > G′′) and lower tanδ (tanδ < 1, the ratio of viscous and elastic modulus), which indicate that the Nano‐ZrO2cross‐linked HPG gel may have potential application in fracturing.
DICER1 syndrome: Approach to testing and management at a large pediatric tertiary care center
Authors: van Engelen Kalene , Villani Anita , Wasserman Jonathan D. , Aronoff Laura , Greer Mary‐Louise C. , Tijerin Bueno Marta , Gallinger Bailey , Kim Raymond H. , Grant Ronald , Meyn M. Stephen , Malkin David , Druker Harriet 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo expand the current knowledge of DICER1 syndrome and to propose criteria for genetic testing based on experience at a pediatric tertiary care center.ProcedureThis study involved a retrospective chart review of the 78 patients (47 probands and 31 family members) seen in the Cancer Genetics Program at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) who were offered genetic testing for DICER1.ResultsOf 47 probands offered genetic testing for DICER1, 46 pursued testing: 11 (23.9%) carried a pathogenic variant and one proband (2.1%) carried a missense variant of uncertain significance with evidence for pathogenicity. Thirty‐one family members of variant‐positive probands were offered testing: eight of the 25 who agreed to testing carried their familial variant (32.0%). Overall, 20 patients were identified to have a variant in DICER1 (eight males, 12 females). Of these, 13 (65.0%) presented with clinical manifestations associated with the syndrome. The most common lesions were pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) (five of 20 patients, 25.0%) and pineoblastoma (three of 20 patients, 15.0%). The average age at which individuals were diagnosed with a primary neoplasm was 5.2 years (range 0.8–20 years, median 3.0). Surveillance at our institution, with a median follow‐up time of 23 months, has identified PPB in two asymptomatic individuals. These lesions were identified at early stages, thus potentially reducing treatment‐related morbidity and mortality.ConclusionThis study further delineates the DICER1 syndrome phenotype and demonstrates the feasibility of a DICER1 syndrome surveillance protocol for the early detection of tumors.