bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpacking students' conceptualizations through haptic feedback
Authors: Magana A.J. , Balachandran S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhile it is clear that the use of computer simulations has a beneficial effect on learning when compared to instruction without computer simulations, there is still room for improvement to fully realize their benefits for learning. Haptic technologies can fulfill the educational potential of computer simulations by adding the sense of touch. Visuohaptic simulations may not only help students visualize these concepts, but they may also have the capability of enriching the learning experience and enhancing retention. To provide additional insights about how students conceptualize abstract and difficult concepts in science, this study proposes a sequencing approach. The research questions are: (1) what are undergraduate students' ways of conceptualizing electric fields through haptic feedback? And (2) what are undergraduate students' perceptions of using visuohaptic simulations for their learning of electric force concepts? Participants included nine undergraduate students who participated in a think aloud procedure. Data were analysed qualitatively using open coding followed by axial coding. The results suggest that students' conceptualized electric force concepts through embodied haptic experiences by inferring force–distance relationship, sign inference, shape of field and indirectly inferring the concept of electric potential. Students also perceived the value of using visual plus haptic simulations to help them understand and retain concepts.
Flexible mate choice may contribute to ecotype assortative mating in pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus)
Authors: Jarvis W. M. C. , Comeau S. M. , Colborne S. F. , Robinson B. W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGene flow is expected to limit adaptive divergence, but the ecological and behavioural factors that govern gene flow are still poorly understood, particularly at the earliest stages of population divergence. Reduced gene flow through mate choice (sexual isolation) can evolve even under conditions of subtle population divergence if intermediate phenotypes have reduced fitness. We indirectly tested the hypothesis that mate choice has evolved between coexisting littoral and pelagic ecotypes of polyphenic pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus) that have diverged in morphology and resource use and where intermediate phenotypes have reduced performance. We assessed the ecotype of nesting males and females using stable isotope estimates of diet and a divergent male morphological trait, oral jaw width. We found positive assortative mating between ecotypes in a common spawning habitat along exposed lake shorelines, but contrary to expectations, assortative mating was variably expressed between two sampling years. Although the factors that influence variable assortative mating remain unclear, our results are consistent with mate choice being expressed by ecotypes. Despite being variably expressed, mate choice will reduce gene flow between ecotypes and could contribute to further adaptive divergence depending on its frequency and strength in the population. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence indicating mate choice behaviour can be a plastic trait, an idea that should be more explicitly considered in empirical studies of mate choice as well as conceptual frameworks of mate choice evolution and adaptive divergence.
A systematic review of feeding practices among postoperative patients: is practice in‐line with evidenced‐based guidelines?
Authors: Rattray M. , Roberts S. , Marshall A. , Desbrow B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundEarly oral feeding after surgery is best practice among adult, noncritically ill patients. Evidenced‐based guidelines (EBG) recommend commencing liquid and solid feeding within 24 h of surgery to improve patient (e.g. reduced morbidity) and hospital (e.g. reduced length of stay) outcomes. Whether these EBG are adhered to in usual clinical practice remains unknown. The present study aimed to identify the time to commencement of first oral feed (liquid or solid) and first solid feed among postoperative, noncritically ill, adult patients.MethodsMEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to June 2016 for observational studies reporting liquid and/or solid feeding practices among postoperative patients. Studies reporting a mean/median time to first feed or first solid feed within 24 h of surgery or where ≥75% of patients were feeding by postoperative day one were considered in‐line with EBG.ResultsOf 5826 articles retrieved, 29 studies were included. Only 40% and 22% of studies reported time to first feed and time to first solid feed in‐line with EBG, respectively. Clear and free liquids were the first diet types commenced in 86% of studies. When solids were commenced, 44% of studies reported using various therapeutic diet types (e.g. light) prior to the commencement of a regular diet. Patients who underwent gastrointestinal procedures appeared more likely to experience delayed postoperative feeding.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate a gap between postoperative feeding evidence and its practical application. This information provides a strong rationale for interventions targeting improved nutritional care following surgery.
Comparison of different regimens of pimecrolimus 1% cream in the treatment of facial seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Zhao Juemin , Sun Wenjia , Zhang Chengfeng , Wu Jiaqiang , Le Yan , Huang Chunyun , Liu Ye , Xiang Leihong 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBackgroundPimecrolimus 1% cream has already been proved to be an effective and safe alternative to treat seborrheic dermatitis. However, the treatment periods were inconstant in previous studies.ObjectiveTo evaluate the comparative efficacy of pimecrolimus 1% cream with different regimens for the treatment of facial seborrheic dermatitis.MethodThirty patients with facial seborrheic dermatitis were enrolled and randomly distributed to three groups. Patients of Group 1 were treated with topical pimecrolimus cream 1% twice daily for 2 weeks and then a moisturizer cream twice daily for 2 weeks. Patients of Group 2 were treated with pimecrolimus cream 1% twice daily for 2 weeks and then once daily for another 2 weeks. Patients of Group 3 had a consecutive course of pimecrolimus cream 1% twice daily for 4 weeks. Objective symptoms, subjective symptoms, and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) were measured at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6.ResultsAt week 4, the clinical severity scores of all three regimens significantly decreased (P<.01). The improvement of total severity score in Group 3 was more remarkable than groups 1 and 2 (both P<.05). This effect was maintained until the end of the study in Group 3. Life quality of all three groups was significantly improved at week 4 (P<.001), while there was no statistical difference on the improvement of life quality among three groups.ConclusionWe recommend pimecrolimus 1% cream could be applied twice a day for 4 weeks to treat seborrheic dermatitis.
Inter‐observer reliability in reading amplitude‐integrated electroencephalogram in the newborn intensive care unit
Authors: Mehta Bhavesh , Griffiths Nadine , Spence Kaye , Laing Sharon 
Published: June 2017

AimAmplitude‐integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) is widely used in neonates to detect electrical seizure and predict outcome following hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy and other encephalopathy. Because accurate interpretation is important for clinical decision‐making and family counselling, inter‐observer reliability is a major concern. We aimed to evaluate inter‐observer reliability in the interpretation of aEEG tracings in a neonatal intensive care unit.MethodsThree neonatal intensive care unit clinicians with different levels of experience in reading aEEG independently reviewed and scored aEEG traces using standardised criteria, categories and interpretation rules. Inter‐observer reliability was evaluated using weighted Cohen's κ and intra‐class correlation coefficients.ResultsAll 131 tracings from 120 neonates were reviewed by the neontalogist, 128 (97.7%) by the clinical nurse specialist, 73 (55.7%) by the nurse educator and 70 (53.4%) by all three clinicians. The majority (88 of 120, 73.3%) were term infants (mean gestational age 38 weeks, standard deviation 3.2). Average duration of recording was 27 h (standard deviation 19.1, range 1–105 h). Inter‐observer reliability varied across categories and observers – from very good to excellent for the main background activity (intra‐class correlation coefficients 0.93–0.98); good to very good for seizures; and moderate to very good for sleep–wake cycle and quality of recording (weighted κs’ 0.71–0.85, 0.50–0.75, 0.46–0.81, respectively).ConclusionWhile certain aEEG features appear challenging to inter‐observer reliability, our findings suggest that with training and consensus guidelines, levels of reliability needed to enhance clinical and prognostic usefulness of aEEG are achievable across clinicians with different levels of experience in reading aEEG.
Safety First! The Topic of Safety in Reversed Integration of People With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Venema Eleonora , Vlaskamp Carla , Otten Sabine 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground: Physical integration is believed to be a precondition for social integration. One might expect that in so‐called reversed integration, where people without intellectual disabilities (ID) actively choose to live next to people with ID, conditions for physical integration are more optimal, and social integration is enhanced. If this hypothesized benefit of reversed integration settings indeed holds, however, is yet unknown. Specific aims: The aim of the present study is to examine barriers for social integration of people with ID. In this context, the present article focuses on the role of safety and safety concerns. Method: A semi structured interview was conducted with 28 direct support professionals (DSPs), 25 family members, and 25 neighbors, aimed at their attitude toward social integration in a reversed integration neighborhood. Several topics were dealt with, like the neighborhood and contact between people with ID and neighbors. There were no explicit questions about safety in the interview. Findings: The topic of safety was spontaneously mentioned 90 times by 26 DSPs, 15 times by 9 neighbors, and 36 times by 18 family members. Three main themes were found in the total group of statements touching upon the issue of safety: environmental aspects, client characteristics, and working conditions. The most often mentioned subthemes were the openness of the neighborhood and the traffic. Discussion: In reversed integration, safety is still a highly relevant topic and of great concern for the DSPs and the family members. DSPs are more concerned with controlling risks and keeping everybody safe than looking at the opportunities the new environment offers, like enhancing social integration.
Boys as writers: perspectives on the learning and teaching of writing in three primary schools
Authors: Edwards Gillian , Jones Jane 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBoys' attitude to writing is widely perceived as an issue in English primary and secondary schools. Prior research has identified a link between negative attitudes to writing and lower achievement and raised the issue of the stereotyping of boys as underachievers in literacy. The study reported here suggests that if we are to understand the problems associated with the underachievement of boys, we should take into account boys' perspectives on their experiences as literacy learners. In this study, boys aged 8–11 drawn from three London schools in the UK, were interviewed in small groups annually over 3 years of their primary schooling. The boys' teachers were also interviewed separately. These interviews generated insights into the teachers' views of the boys and the boys' views of themselves as literacy learners, especially as writers. The data indicated the boys were highly sensitive to the social situation in the classroom. The boys responded best to their literacy learning when their teachers treated them as individuals, valued their ideas and incorporated strategies for developing learner agency into their daily classroom practice. This article concludes that a teaching approach that includes consulting children about what helps or hinders their learning and a fresh teacher focus on gender issues would increase gender awareness.
Resilience as a mediator between cardiorespiratory fitness and mental health‐related quality of life: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Pozuelo‐Carrascosa Diana P. , Martínez‐Vizcaíno Vicente , Sánchez‐López Mairena , Bartolomé‐Gutiérrez Raquel , Rodríguez‐Martín Beatriz , Notario‐Pacheco Blanca 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this cross‐sectional study, we analyzed the relationship between resilience, cardiorespiratory fitness, and mental health‐related quality of life, and examined whether resilience acts as a mediator between the latter two. The study included 770 university students, aged 18–30 years, from Cuenca, Spain. Anthropometric, sociodemographic, cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle run test), biochemical parameters, resilience, and mental health‐related quality of life measurements were analyzed. The results showed that mental health‐related quality‐of‐life values were significantly higher in students who had good cardiorespiratory fitness and a high level of resilience. Moreover, resilience acted as a partial mediator between cardiorespiratory fitness and mental health‐related quality of life at 33.79%. Therefore, in young adults, resilience mediates the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and mental health‐related quality of life. These findings should be taken into account by nurses and other public health professionals, because in addition to the development of physical activity interventions to improve mental health‐related quality of life, it is necessary to implement measures that increase resilience to achieve mental wellness.
Transgenerational effects of mild heat in Arabidopsis thaliana show strong genotype specificity that is explained by climate at origin
Authors: Groot Maartje P. , Kubisch Alexander , Ouborg N. Joop , Pagel Jörn , Schmid Karl J. , Vergeer Philippine , Lampei Christian 
Published: June 2017

Summary

Transgenerational environmental effects can trigger strong phenotypic variation. However, it is unclear how cues from different preceding generations interact. Also, little is known about the genetic variation for these life history traits.

Here, we present the effects of grandparental and parental mild heat, and their combination, on four traits of the third‐generation phenotype of 14 Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes. We tested for correlations of these effects with climate and constructed a conceptual model to identify the environmental conditions that favour the parental effect on flowering time.

We observed strong evidence for genotype‐specific transgenerational effects. On average, A. thaliana accustomed to mild heat produced more seeds after two generations. Parental effects overruled grandparental effects in all traits except reproductive biomass. Flowering was generally accelerated by all transgenerational effects. Notably, the parental effect triggered earliest flowering in genotypes adapted to dry summers. Accordingly, this parental effect was favoured in the model when early summer heat terminated the growing season and environments were correlated across generations.

Our results suggest that A. thaliana can partly accustom to mild heat over two generations and genotype‐specific parental effects show non‐random evolutionary divergence across populations that may support climate change adaptation in the Mediterranean.
Barriers and facilitators to young children's physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative literature
Authors: Hesketh K. R. , Lakshman R. , van Sluijs E. M. F. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryPositive activity behaviours (i.e. higher physical activity [PA]/lower sedentary behaviour [SB]) are beneficial from infancy, yet evidence suggests that young children (0‐ to 6‐year‐olds) are relatively inactive. To better understand the perceived influences on these behaviours and to aid intervention development, this paper systematically synthesizes the extensive qualitative literature regarding perceived barriers and facilitators to PA and SB in young children (0–6 years old). A search of eight electronic databases (July 2016) identified 43 papers for inclusion. Data extraction and evidence synthesis were conducted using thematic content analysis, underpinned by the socio‐ecological model (i.e. individual, interpersonal, community, organizational and policy levels). Parents, childcare providers and children perceived seven broad themes to be important for PA and SB, including the child; the home; out‐of‐home childcare; parent–childcare provider interactions; environmental factors; safety; and weather. Each theme mapped onto between one and five levels of the socio‐ecological model; barriers and facilitators at the interpersonal level (e.g. parents, care providers and family) were most frequently cited, reflecting the important (perceived) role adults/peers play in shaping young children's behaviours. We provide an overarching framework to explain PA and SB in early childhood. We also highlight where gaps in the current literature exist (e.g. from male carers; in developing countries; and barriers and facilitators in the environmental and policy domains) and where future quantitative work may focus to provide novel insights about children's activity behaviours (e.g. safety and weather).
Height at Ages 7–13 Years in Relation to Developing Type 2 Diabetes Throughout Adult Life
Authors: Bjerregaard Lise G. , Jensen Britt W. , Baker Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundShort adults have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Although adult height results from childhood growth, the effects of height and growth trajectories during childhood are sparsely investigated. We investigated sex‐specific associations between childhood height, growth and adult type 2 diabetes, including potential influences of birthweight and childhood body mass index (BMI).MethodsWe followed 292 827 individuals, born 1930–83, from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register in national registers for type 2 diabetes (11 548 men; 7472 women). Weights and heights were measured at ages 7–13 years. Hazard ratios (HR) of type 2 diabetes (age ≥30 years) were estimated without and with adjustment for birthweight and BMI.ResultsIn men, associations between height and type 2 diabetes changed from inverse for below‐average heights at age 7 years to positive for above‐average heights at 13 years. No consistent associations were observed among women. These associations were not affected by birthweight. After adjustment for BMI, below‐average childhood heights were inversely associated with type 2 diabetes among men (HR range: 0.91–0.93 per z‐score) but above‐average heights were not. Among women, after adjustment for BMI, below‐ and above‐average heights in childhood were inversely associated with type 2 diabetes (HR range: 0.91–0.95). Greater height growth from 7 to 13 years was positively associated with type 2 diabetes in men and women.ConclusionsAfter adjustment for BMI, short childhood height at all ages and greater growth during childhood are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, suggesting that this period of life warrants mechanistic investigations.
Variation in Maternal Co‐morbidities and Obstetric Interventions across Area‐Level Socio‐economic Status: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Adhikari Dahal Kamala , Premji Shahirose , Patel Alka B. , Williamson Tyler , Peng Mingkai , Metcalfe Amy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundMultiple studies indicate a significant association between area‐level socio‐economic status (SES) and adverse maternal health outcomes; however, the impact of area‐level SES on maternal co‐morbidities and obstetric interventions has not been examined.ObjectiveTo examine the variation in maternal co‐morbidities and obstetric interventions across area‐level SES.MethodsThis study used data from the Discharge Abstract Database that comprised birth data in Alberta between 2005–2007 (n = 120 285). Co‐morbidities and obstetric interventions were identified using validated case‐definitions. Material deprivation index was obtained for each dissemination area through linkage of hospitalisation and census data. Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyse the data adjusting for potential confounding variables.ResultsThe prevalence of any co‐morbidity varied across area‐level SES. Drug abuse odds ratio (OR) 2.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8, 3.5), pre‐existing diabetes OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.1, 2.6), and prolonged hospital stay OR 1.5 (95% CI 1.4, 1.6) were significantly more likely to occur in the most deprived areas compared to the least deprived areas. In contrast, caesarean delivery OR 0.9 (95% CI 0.8, 0.9) was less likely to occur in the most deprived areas compared to the least deprived areas. Area‐level deprivation explained area‐level variance of drug abuse, HIV, and other mental diseases only.ConclusionMany co‐morbidities and obstetric interventions vary at the area‐level, but only some are associated with area‐level SES, and few of them vary due to the area‐level SES. This indicates that other area‐level factors, in addition to area‐level SES, need to be considered when investigating maternal health and use of health interventions.
Functional capacity and obesity reflect the cognitive performance of older adults living in long‐term care facilities
Authors: Gonçalves Damascena Karine , Batisti Ferreira Cristiane , dos Santos Teixeira Pâmela , Madrid Bibiano , Gonçalves Alexandre , Córdova Cláudio , de Toledo Nóbrega Otávio , Pimentel Ferreira Aparecido 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundWith the increase in life expectancy, the elderly Brazilian population has grown considerably. However, longevity is usually accompanied by problems such as the loss of functional capacity, cognitive decline, and deterioration in anthropometric parameters, particularly among those living in long‐term care facilities. We analyzed the relationship among cognitive performance, anthropometry, and functional capacity in institutionalized elderly individuals.MethodsIn a sample of 38 older adults (20 men, 18 women) aged 73.4 ± 8.1 years, data regarding anthropometric and functional measurements as well as the Mini‐Mental State Examination were collected. Functional tests were based on a battery adapted from the Functional Fitness Test. The independent t‐test and χ2 test were applied. P < 0.05 was set as the significance threshold.ResultsThe rate of cognitive impairment among obese individuals (78.6%) differed from that among eutrophic subjects (45.8%), but there was no difference between sexes. There was a significant positive correlation between handgrip strength and Mini‐Mental State Examination score, and the scores of the timed up‐and‐go test and the sitting‐rising test were negatively correlated with Mini‐Mental State Examination score.ConclusionCognitive impairment in the elderly living in long‐term care facilities was more pronounced and frequent in obese individuals. This study also demonstrated that better functional capacity reflects better cognitive performance.