bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH SUMMARIZING STRATEGY AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Asty Herfyna 
Published: August 2016

<p>The observations showed that there were five problems faced by the students in reading comprehension class : (1) students were lazy to read English texts; (2) students fount difficulty to understand the contents of reading text because the have limited vocabulary; (3) students did not have enough time because they have busy to consult the dictionary for any difficult words they found on the reading text; (4) the students were extremely passive during the class; and (5) the teaching technique used by the teacher was not interesting to the students.</p><p>To solve the problems, a classroom action research of applying the summarizing strategy was conducted. The results showed that the application of the summarizing strategy to reading comprehension classes successfully improve students’ performance on reading comprehension tests. This success was confirmed by increasing average students score during cycle 1 to cycle 2. The average score during cycle 1 was 64.13, the average score during cycle 2 was 69.88, and that during cycle 3 was 72.38. Furthermore, students’ perceptions of the application of summarizing strategy to reading classes were also improving. These were supported by average percentages of positive perception of 40.5 in cycle 1, 73.9 in cycle 2, 84.6 in cycle 3.</p><p>Thus, it was concluded that the summarizing strategy id effective to improve students’ reading comprehension. In addition, the strategy also enhances students’ perceptions of the application of the strategy to reading classes.</p>
STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN THE TOEFL–LIKE STRUCTURE SUBTEST (A Study at STKIP PGRI of West Sumatera )
Authors: Mayuasti Mayuasti 
Published: August 2016

<em><em>Structure subtest is a student’s problem of English Department of STKIP PGRI in solving the TOEFL test. Based on data from the English Department graduated student, it is found that the result from the test scores is far from expectation. It is difficult for students to determine the use of any particular of speech in a sentence. This research aims to identify the structure of third year student ability of English Department of STKIP PGRI West Sumatra on every variable that exists on the TOEFL test, particularly the grammar part. Results of the study show that statistically their ability is at unsatisfactory levels. </em></em><p><em>Nearly half of the research subjects (42.30%) is at a low level. Thus, it can be concluded that the ability of students in grammar TOEFL test is still low.</em><em></em></p>
Apical microleakage of epoxy resin and methacrylate resin-based sealer with continuous wave obturation technique
Authors: Haslinda Haslinda , Rovani Christine Anastasia , Trilaksana Aries Chandra 
Published: August 2016

<p>The aim of this research was to determine the microleakage apical sealer based on epoxy resin and methacrylate resin with continuous wave obturation technique.Thirty permanent lateral incisors were selected at random and divided into 3 groups (N=10), namely AH Plus obturator group (epoxy resin), EndoREZ group (methacrylate resin), and negative control. The samples were decoronated, root canal preparation, then kept in incubator of 37°C for 72 hours. Sample were coated with nail varnish then immersed in methylene blue for 48 hours. The samples were washed with distilled water, dried and nail varnish removed. The samples were clearing. Penetration was measured using microscope and given score 0-4. Measurements were analyzed statistically. By using Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney test, there is no significant difference between the apical microleakage of the the epoxy resin root canal sealer with methacrylate root canal sealer based (p&gt;0,05). It means that the apical microleakage of the epoxy resin root canal sealer based comparable with merhacrylate root canal sealer based. It was concluded that the apical microleakage of epoxy resin based sealer does not different to the methacrylate resin based sealer.</p>
Correlation between interalar width and intercommisural width against mesiodistal width of central upper incisor in Buginese tribe
Authors: Thalib Bahruddin , Saputri Ayu 
Published: August 2016

Various types of anatomical landmarks of the face should match its proportions with the size of the teeth which is the interalar width, intercomissural width, interpupillary width, Intercanthal width, and byzigomatic width. Some of face landmarks can be used as a guide in the selection of anterior teeth in complete denture, especially if the pre extraction record such as radiography image, extracted teeth, model study, the remaining teeth, face shape, and the shape of the curved jaw have been lost. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between interalar width and intercommisural width against mesiodistal incisivus centralis width in a group of Buginese tribe. Ninety nine Buginese tribe subjects aged 17-25 were selected. The interalar width, intercommisural width, and mesiodistal incisor centralis teeth were measured using caliper about three times for accuracy and precision. Mean of interalar width and mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla width in males more width than females (p&lt;0.05), and intercommisural width in females more width than males (p&gt;0.05). The degree of correlation between interalar width against mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla width was 0.030, -0.246, 0,225 in Buginese tribe, males, and females (p&gt;0.05). : The degree of correlation between intercommisural width against mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla width in Buginese tribe was 0,054, 0,013, 0,153 in Buginese tribe, males, and females (p&gt;0.05). The degree of correlation between interalar width and intercommisural width was 0.301 and 0.356 in Buginese tribe and males (p&lt;0.05), and 0,281 in females (p&gt;0.05). In conclusion, there is no significant correlation between interalar width and intercommisural width against mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla width in a group of Buginese tribe. Interalar width and intercommisural width directly proportional to mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla in a group of Buginese tribe. Interalar width and intercommisural width inversely proportional to mesiodistal incisor centralis maxilla in males and directly inversely in females.
Assessment of apical microleakage using tooth clearing method between two softened core obturation techniques
Authors: Wongsari Nadia S. , Rovani Christine Anastasia , Trilaksana Aries Chandra 
Published: August 2016

<p>This study aimed to compare apical microleakage using tooth clearing method between two softened core obturation techniques which are carrier based gutta percha and continuous wave. Samples are maxillary first incisors, with a single root canal. They are devided into three groups of 9 each randomly. The first group is carrier based gutta percha, the second is continuous wave, and the third is lateral condensation as positive control. The teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction, prepared with crown down pressureless technique, and obturated according their group. All the samples were coated with nail polish except for 2 mm from the apical, and then placed in China Ink for 7 days. After that, the polish were removed and the samples undergone tooth clearing procedure. When the samples had been transparant, they were observed using microscop. Data were collected and analyzed using Anova and Tukey’s post hoc test. The study showed that mean of apical microleakage from continuous wave technique (0.256<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>0.133) is less than from carrier based gutta percha (0.433<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>0.173). As the conclusion, there is a significant diffrence (p:0.034) of apical microleakage between continuous wave and carrier based gutta percha (p&lt;0.05).</p>
Student knowledge and awareness of oral cancer (study at Senior High School 2 Baubau, Southeast of Sulawesi)
Authors: Mardhiana Anna , Harlina Harlina 
Published: August 2016

Oral cancer is a malignancy which came from oral mucosal epithelial and other oral’s part including from saliva glands (majority the minor one) inside the mouth. Oral cancer has a quick spread. A half of oral cancer diagnosed at a late stage with a high level of death. Only half of this malignancy sufferer survive more than five years. However, the survival prognosis will increase 80-90% if the cancer could diagnose in early stage. The objective of this study is to measure qualitatively oral cancer knowledge and awareness among the students at SMAN 2 Baubau. This study is descriptive study by cross-section approach. Oral cancer knowledge and awareness among the students in SMAN 2 Baubau is in a low stage. Students hardly hear the information about the signs of oral cancer and have no idea what must they do if they find someone presented with one of the oral cancer signs. The reason behind unknown action lack of information and socialization about oral cancer.
Microhardness characteristics values of root canal dentin after application with different types of EDTA
Authors: Wahyuniwati Wahyuniwati , Nugroho Juni Jekti , Trilaksana Aries Chandra , Rovani Christine A. , Natsir Nurhayaty , Mattulada Indrya K. 
Published: August 2016

<p>This study aims to determine the characteristics of the microhardness impairment root canal dentin after application with different types of EDTA. Samples mandibular premolar teeth with one root canal, each divided into 4 groups: EDTA solution, EDTA gel, EDTA cream and negative control; and each group consisted of 6 samples. The teeth were decoronated at cementoenamel junction (CEJ), prepared by the crown down pressureless technique, cut along longitudinal direction, and each sample was attached to selfcured acrylic and then soaked in distilled water. Samples were taken early microhardness measurement by means of Digital Vickers Microhardness Tester. The sample is then applied to the appropriate group of materials EDTA for 5 minutes, except for the negative control group, soaked in saline solution for 5 menit, then performed the final measurement of microhardness of dentin. The results of measurements taken from the average value of measurements made at 3 points, coronal, middle and apical. Data were collected and analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s Post Hoc test.</p><p>The results showed there are differences in dentin microhardness decrease significantly in all treatment groups compared to the negative control group (p &lt;0.05) with the largest drop in the group EDTA solution, amounting to 13 667 kg / mm2. Nevertheless, based on the results of different statistical test further, discovered the value of p&gt; 0.05 which means there is no difference in microhardness reduction in dentin significantly among the test group.</p>
CBCT analysis in osteoradionecrosis case followed by hyperbaric oxygen treatment (a case study)
Authors: Epsilawati Lusi 
Published: August 2016

<p>Osteoradinecrosis is an infectious disease and inflammation that occurs in the jaw after doing radio therapy. Radiographic picture of the disease is visible lesions lucent extensive radio in the jaw. In Clinical condition, seen fistula and abscess in the jaw. One therapy for the treatment of this condition is the Hyperbaric Oxygen. The purpose of this paper is to look casereport work hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treating osteoradionecrosis. Patient age55-year-old, woman, came with complaints of pain in left and right lower jaw, since one month ago, after doing radiotherapy for 6 months. Patients diagnosed osteoradionecrosis. for the healing, selected medical therapy and patients are advised for doing oxygen hyperbaric therapy in AL Minto Harjo hospital Jakarta. One month after doing hyperbaric oxygen therapies seen change and healing. Lesions that form still has the same broad but disappeared fistula, abscess dries, necrotic tissue disappeared / reduced as well as the formation of new bone matrix. As conclusion, , obviously able to heal lesions caused osteomielitys oxygen therapy hyperbaric osteoradionecrosis.</p>
Predictors of in-hospital mortality following mitral or double valve replacement for rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Sharma Apurb , Panthee Nirmal , Bajracharya Smriti Mahaju , Rajbanshi Bijoy Gopal , Koirala Raamesh Raj , Sharma Jyotindra , Pokharel Jeju Nath 
Published: August 2016

Backgrounds and Aims: Factors affecting outcome of mitral valve replacement in rheumatic population of Nepal is unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing mitral or double valve replacement in Nepal.Methods: A retrospective observational study was designed to evaluate the outcome of patients who underwent mitral valve replacement with or without concomitant other valvular surgery during a period of one year in a tertiary care cardiac centre in Nepal. Data were analysed to find the significant predictors of in-hospital mortality.Results: A total of 411 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The overall in-hospital mortality was 4.1% (95% CI 2.18-6.02). A cutoff value for higher mortality obtained using ROC curve for age was 37.5 years; and for duration of mechanical ventilation was 8.5 hours. Multivariate logistic regression model identified increasing age (>37.5 years), OR 2.05 (95% CI 0.77-5.45), p=0.001; NYHA Class III and IV, OR 15.18 (95%CI 0.9-54.53), p<0.001; presence of left atrial thrombus, OR 4.96 (95% CI 1.49-16.43), p=0.003; tricuspid regurgitation grade III and IV, OR 2.62 (95% CI 0.95-7.24), p=0.004; re-exploration for bleeding, OR 8.62 (95% CI 1.60-46.32), p=0.03; left ventricular ejection fraction (≤40%), OR 8.22 (95% CI 2.62-25.72), p=0.001; inotrope score >20, OR 9.90 (95% CI 3.48-28.15), p<0.001; duration of mechanical ventilation >8.5 hours, OR 22.96 (95% CI 5.15-52.10), p<0.001; and stay in the intensive care unit > 2 days, OR 1.31 (95% CI 0.49-3.46), p<0.001 as predictors of mortality.Conclusion: Age, NYHA Class, severe tricuspid regurgitation, presence of left atrial clot, re-exploration for bleeding, decreasing left ventricular ejection fraction, high inotrope score, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, and longer stay in the intensive care unit were identified as the independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Nepalese Heart Journal 2016; 13(2): 19-24
18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits the viability of HR5-CL11 cervical carcinoma cells through induction of apoptosis and DNA damage
Authors: Zhuang Hong-Mei , Hu Xiao , Hong Shu-Rong , Zhou Ping-Ping , Zhang Yu , Li Ling 
Published: August 2016

<p class="Abstract">The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid on induction of apoptosis and DNA-damage in HR5-CL11 cervical carcinoma cells. The results revealed 73.6% reduction in HR5-CL11 cell viability on treatment with 5 µM concentration of 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid for 48 hours. The DNA of 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid-treated cells showed a ladder-like pattern. Fragmentation of DNA in the 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid-treated cells was markedly higher compared to the control cells. Examination of the DNA damage in HR5-CL11 cells after treatment with 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid showed breakage in DNA strands and formation of comet-like structures. The frequency of comet formation in 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid treated cells was found to be 7.8 after 48 hours. The population of cells with more than four γH2AX foci was increased to 38.6% on treatment with 5 µM concentration of 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid. Thus, 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits the viability of HR5-CL11 cervical cancer cells through induction of apoptosis by DNA damage and can be used for the treatment of cervical cancer.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Video Clip:</strong></p><p class="Abstract"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/XZQHm07d2sk">MTT assay</a>: 1 min 13 sec</p><p> </p>
When is Orthography Not Just Orthography? The Case of the Novgorod Birchbark Letters
Authors: Dombrowski Andrew 
Published: August 2016

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:In this paper, I argue that the jer-letter merger in the corpus of the Novgorod birchbark letters is entirely explicable in terms of the underlying phonology of the Old Novgorod dialect. In particular, I propose that the outcome of the jer shift in the Old Novgorod dialect was affected by a Finnic substratum.
Emergent Hidden Grammar: Stochastic Patterning in Korean Accentuation of Novel Words
Authors: Kim Hyun-ju 
Published: August 2016

This study presents empirical evidence that the accent patterns in novel words do not originate from analogy to phonetically similar familiar words. Rather, the accent pattern of novel words reflects statistical patterning in the lexicon. A corpus study showed that lexical distribution of North Kyungsang Korean (NKK) accent patterns is phonologically patterned: penultimate accent is common where all the syllables are light; final accent is more frequent where the final syllable is heavy. Lexical statistics revealed probabilistic structure-sensitive patterning in the lexicon even if exceptions obscure the patterning. This study will show that the accent patterns in novel words actually match this statistical patterning in the lexicon. This indicates that NKK speakers have implicit knowledge of the statistical patterning and apply it to novel words which lack lexical specification.
The Source-Goal Asymmetry in SLA
Authors: Lewandowski Wojciech 
Published: August 2016

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:It has been shown in the literature on motion events that there is a strong tendency for speakers of different languages to express goals in preference to sources (e.g. Regier 1997, Ihara & Fujita 2000) and that this linguistic asymmetry could have its origins in non-linguistic event representations (cf. Lakusta & Landau 2005, Lakusta et al. 2007). In this paper, it will be shown that the goal bias in language and cognition has important implications for SLA. In particular, the acquisition of the verbs come and go by Polish speakers of Spanish L2 will be addressed.
Subject Relatives and Expletives in Early New High German
Authors: Light Caitlin 
Published: August 2016

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:The status of the subject position in German has been the source of some debate.1 For example, some studies (Biberauer 2004; Richards and Biberauer 2005) have argued that German does not have an EPP requirement in the traditional sense. The absence of an expletive that occurs speciﬁcally in the subject position (as opposed to the topic position in Spec,CP) seems to support the argument that Spec,TP has no special status in German. This paper will argue against such analyses, and show that in historical stages of German, we see evidence of a subject expletive licensed speciﬁcally to ﬁll Spec,TP. This expletive, da in Early New High German (ENHG), is merged speciﬁcally when the logical subject does not move to Spec,TP, leaving the position empty. This supports a traditional analysis of the EPP in German. Furthermore, I will show that the existence of expletive da lends support to the argument that two (non-topic) subject positions are available in the German clause structure (cf. Haeberli 1999, 2000, 2005), which I take to be Spec,TP and Spec,vP (the base position of the subject).
A Quantitative Analysis of Nominative/Genitive Alternation in Japanese
Authors: Nambu Satoshi 
Published: August 2016

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:Based on his grammaticality judgment test, Harada (1971) claimed that there is an ongoing change, whereby the speakers of Tokyo Japanese increasingly prefer ga to no in relevant environments. In this paper, I present a quantitative analysis using the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese. The goal of this study is not only to validate the ﬁndings in Nambu (2007) and Nambu and Matsuda (2007), but also to give another perspective on the variation.
Surface Faithfulness Phenomena and the Consonantal Root in the Modern Hebrew Verb System
Authors: Recht Tom 
Published: August 2016

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:This paper argues that from the point of view of speakers Modern Hebrew must be described as a hybrid system, possessing elements of both templatic and concatenative morphology, and that more generally, templaticity and concatenativity are not absolute, binarily opposed categories, but stand for bundles of morphological characteristics, of which a given language may possess a combination and which are subject to piecemeal diachronic change.
Neighborhood Density in Phonological Alternations
Authors: Stausland Johnsen Sverre 
Published: August 2016

in lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:Neighborhood density (ND) is a measure of how similar a word is to other words in the lexicon. In response to the growing evidence of the significance of ND for word identification and word production, linguists have started asking what role ND could play in phonological alternations, without reaching a consensus. This paper assesses the role of ND in a phonological alternation in Norwegian, by asking whether the alternation is best predicted by ND or by the phonological structure of the alternators. The results reveal how these factors are strongly correlated and equally good predictors of alternations.
Metathesis and Reanalysis in Ket
Authors: Vajda Edward 
Published: August 2016

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:This article identifies cases where metathesis and reanalysis have left idiosyncratic changes in the morphology of Ket, a critically endangered language of Central Siberia. The analysis reflects ongoing work compiling The Etymological Dictionary of the Yeniseian Languages (Vajda and Werner, in preparation). With fewer than 100 speakers, Ket is the last surviving member of the Yeniseian family and genetically isolated in North Asia. Internal comparative data from three of Ket’s vanished southern relatives, Yugh, Kott, and Assan, along with external comparison with the distantly related Na-Dene family of North America (Vajda 2010), also appear in the article.
L’histoire relationnelle et le cycle de vie : temps, personnalité et psychopathologie
Authors: Linares Juan Luis 
Published: August 2016

Nous définissons la personnalité individuelle à partir d’une perspective relationnelle, en insistant sur l’importance du temps à trois niveaux : l’expérience relationnelle accumulée, l’intersection entre l’individu et ses systèmes d’appartenance, la famille d’origine. Nous appliquons le même critère à une réflexion sur la psychopathologie, que nous illustrons avec un exemple de dépression majeure présentée par une personne âgée, mettant tout particulièrement en évidence son lien manifeste avec le cycle de vie.
Les temporalités du deuil compliqué et de la cure de désintoxication éthylique. Quelques réflexions sur la clinique du pathique du deuil compliqué chez des patients alcooliques
Authors: Valot Laurent , Wawrzyniak Michel 
Published: August 2016

Cette réflexion s’inscrit entre une pratique professionnelle de psychologue clinicien et une recherche doctorale en psychopathologie sur les deuils familiaux chez des patients dépendants de l’alcool. Nous abordons ici le pathique 3 du deuil compliqué à travers le discours et l’histoire de vie d’hommes et de femmes alcooliques rencontrés en cure désintoxication alcoolique. Nos remarques portent sur certaines caractéristiques cliniques et psychopathologiques telles que la présence de l’absent, la situation traumatique de deuil, la dimension transgénérationnelle du deuil, le temps figé du deuil et la capacité d’investir l’être cher mort en nostalgie. Aborder la question du pathique du deuil constitue « un enjeu décisif » pour le patient alcoolique. Une telle rencontre se déploie dans le télescopage de deux temporalités : celle, suspendue, du deuil compliqué à l’origine de conduites d’éthylisation et celle, ramassée, d’un dispositif de soins particulier, celui de la cure de désintoxication. C’est le lien du patient à deux système, familial et soignant, qui s’y trouve engagé.