bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Precision Lingual Bonding Technique: A Step-wise Approach with Torque Angulation Device-bracket Positioning Device
Authors: Paul Rosaline Tina , Ligil A. R. , Vineeth V. T. , Biswas P. P. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives
Contemporary preadjusted edgewise appliance is all about the precision in bracket design, prescription and positioning in addition to the orthodontist’s skill and training. However, achieving it is a bigger challenge as the anatomy of the lingual surface of a tooth is uneven, dissimilar, and moreover the tooth alignment on the lingual surface is variant. Thus, the need for an accurate method of bracket positioning with predetermined torque and angulation incorporated in the brackets according to the patients’ need is of key importance.

Materials and Methods
A TAD- BPD machine used to enhance the accuracy of bracket positioning and bioplast accurate tray transfer technique was used.

Results
A step-wise procedures in bracket positioning and fabricating an indirect bonding tray for lingual orthodontics using the torque angulation device-bracket positioning device.

Conclusions
This technique facilitated unhindered bonding even in severely crowded cases and easy rebonding during mid-treatment stages.
Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Arthroscopic Surgery
Authors: Moorman Claude T , Owusu-Akyaw Kwadwo A , Godin Jonathan , Pecchia Stefano , Oldweiler Alexander 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with potential reparative properties for connective tissues, such as articular cartilage. The Lipogems adipose graft harvest system is a relatively novel technique for harvesting adipose-derived MSCs and may be utilized in conjunction with various orthopaedic sports medicine procedures.Owusu-Akyaw KA, Godin J, Pecchia S, Oldweiler A, Moorman CT. Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Arthroscopic Surgery. The Duke Orthop J 2017;7(1):34-38.
Novel Use of a Trabecular Metal Augment in a Severe Acetabular Defect
Authors: Bolognesi Michael P , Jennings Jason M , Scott Daniel J 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Many total hip arthroplasties are complicated by severe acetabular bone loss, limiting reconstruction options. This case report details the use of a 54-mm trabecular metal straight buttress and press-fit jumbo cup to reconstruct an especially large superior and medial defect (Paprosky type IIIB). Specifically, the large defect was reconstructed by placing the augment superior-medially in the acetabular defect instead of simply superiorly and attached to the iliac wing as it is more commonly employed. To our knowledge, there has been no reported use of a similar augment to fill such a defect in this way. This technique represents a promising potential option for reconstruction of especially large superior and medial acetabular defects
Scott DJ, Jennings JM, Bolognesi MP. Novel Use of a Trabecular Metal Augment in a Severe Acetabular Defect. The Duke Orthop J 2017;7(1):39-42.
Ultrasound-guided Cubital Tunnel Injection: Description of Technique and Accuracy in a Cadaver Model
Authors: Richard Marc J , Leversedge Fraser J , Ruch David S , Nickel Brian T , Cotterell Ilvy , Crosmer Megan 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Ulnar nerve (UN) and cubital tunnel morphology is influenced by elbow positioning, potentially compromising injection accuracy and placing the nerve at risk during cubital tunnel injection.

Materials and methods:
Based on previous anatomical studies of the cubital tunnel, a proof of concept injection model was developed. Eighteen above-elbow cadaver specimens were positioned in 45° elbow flexion and in neutral forearm rotation. The ultrasound transducer was oriented in the transverse plane, in-line with the medial epicondyle and olecranon tip, facilitating visualization of the UN and cubital tunnel. A 25-gauge needle oriented parallel to the ulna was inserted percutaneously at the midpoint between olecranon and epicondyle. The needle was advanced under ultrasound guidance to replicate injection and was secured. Open dissection confirmed its location.

Results:
18/18 needle tips were within the cubital tunnel and no needles penetrated the UN.

Discussion:
Ultrasound-guided cubital tunnel injection, with the elbow in 45° flexion and with neutral forearm rotation was a safe and reliable technique in this cadaveric model. Future clinical studies may evaluate the efficacy of both diagnostic and therapeutic cubital tunnel injection.
Nickel BT, Richard MJ, Cotterell I, Crosmer M, Ruch DS, Leversedge FJ. Ultrasound-guided Cubital Tunnel Injection: Description of Technique and Accuracy in a Cadaver Model. The Duke Orthop J 2017;7(1):43-45.
Screening for Functional Cognition in Postacute Care and the Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation (IMPACT) Act of 2014
Authors: Giles Gordon Muir , Edwards Dorothy Farrar , Morrison M. Tracy , Baum Carolyn , Wolf Timothy J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Occupational therapists have a long history of assessing functional cognition, defined as the ability to use and integrate thinking and performance skills to accomplish complex everyday activities. In response to passage of the Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation (IMPACT) Act of 2014 (Pub. L. 113–185), the American Occupational Therapy Association has been advocating that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services consider functional cognition for inclusion in routine patient assessment in postacute care settings, with important implications for occupational therapy. These efforts have the potential to increase referrals to occupational therapy, emphasize the importance of addressing functional cognition in occupational therapy practice, and support the value of occupational therapy in achieving optimal postacute care outcomes.
Facteurs associés au recours à l’avortement à Lomé (Togo) : analyse d’une séquence d’étapes menant à l’avortement
Authors: N’Bouke Afiwa , Calvès Anne-Emmanuèle , Lardoux Solène 
Published: July 2017

Cette étude examine les facteurs associés au recours à l’avortement à Lomé, la capitale et principale ville du Togo, en modélisant l’avortement comme une séquence d’étapes débutant par l’exposition au risque de grossesse jusqu’au recours à l’avortement, en passant par l’absence de pratique contraceptive et le fait qu’une grossesse qui survient soit déclarée comme étant « non désirée ». L’Enquête sur la planification familiale et l’avortement provoqué (EPAP) réalisée en 2002 auprès de 4 755 femmes âgées de 15-49 ans à Lomé fournit des caractéristiques au moment des grossesses et sert de base aux analyses. Les résultats révèlent que la religion, le statut matrimonial, l’âge, le niveau d’instruction et la parité sont associés aux quatre étapes de la séquence. Ainsi, plusieurs grossesses non désirées surviennent aux âges jeunes. Toutefois, c’est principalement le caractère « hors union » de la grossesse qui fait qu’elle est considérée comme étant « non désirée » et qu’elle est interrompue. Bien qu’étant moins à risque de grossesse, les femmes qui ont au moins deux enfants en vie sont plus susceptibles que les nullipares d’utiliser une contraception, moderne ou non, de déclarer une grossesse comme non désirée et d’avorter. À la lumière de ces résultats, une campagne de prévention efficace auprès des groupes à risque d’avorter devra également prendre en compte leur risque aux étapes antérieures à l’avortement.
A statistical survey of heat input parameters into the cusp thermosphere
Authors: Skjæveland Åsmund Steen , Carlson Herbert C. , Moen Jøran Idar 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBased on three winters of observational data, we present those ionosphere parameters deemed most critical to realistic space weather ionosphere and thermosphere representation and prediction, in regions impacted by variability in the cusp. The CHAMP spacecraft revealed large variability in cusp thermosphere densities, measuring frequent satellite drag enhancements, up to doublings. The community recognizes a clear need for more realistic representation of plasma flows and electron densities near the cusp. Existing average value models produce order of magnitude errors in these parameters, resulting in large underestimations of predicted drag. We fill this knowledge gap with statistics‐based specification of these key parameters over their range of observed values. The European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard Radar tracks plasma flow Vi, electron density Ne, and electron, ion temperatures Te, Ti, with consecutive 2–3 min windshield wipe scans of 1000 × 500 km areas. This allows mapping the maximum Ti of a large area within or near the cusp with high temporal resolution. In magnetic field‐aligned mode the radar can measure high‐resolution profiles of these plasma parameters. By deriving statistics for Ne and Ti, we enable derivation of thermosphere heating deposition under background and frictional drag‐dominated magnetic reconnection conditions. We separate our Ne and Ti profiles into quiescent and enhanced states, which are not closely correlated due to the spatial structure of the reconnection foot point. Use of our data‐based parameter inputs can make order of magnitude corrections to input data driving thermosphere models, enabling removal of previous twofold drag errors.
Flash propagation and inferred charge structure relative to radar‐observed ice alignment signatures in a small Florida mesoscale convective system
Authors: Biggerstaff Michael I. , Zounes Zackery , Addison Alford A. , Carrie Gordon D. , Pilkey John T. , Uman Martin A. , Jordan Douglas M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA series of vertical cross sections taken through a small mesoscale convective system observed over Florida by the dual‐polarimetric SMART radar were combined with VHF radiation source locations from a lightning mapping array (LMA) to examine the lightning channel propagation paths relative to the radar‐observed ice alignment signatures associated with regions of negative specific differential phase (KDP). Additionally, charge layers inferred from analysis of LMA sources were related to the ice alignment signature. It was found that intracloud flashes initiated near the upper zero‐KDP boundary surrounding the negative KDP region. The zero‐KDP boundary also delineated the propagation path of the lightning channel with the negative leaders following the upper boundary and positive leaders following the lower boundary. Very few LMA sources were found in the negative KDP region. We conclude that rapid dual‐polarimetric radar observations can diagnose strong electric fields and may help identify surrounding regions of charge.
Susceptibility of contrail ice crystal numbers to aircraft soot particle emissions
Authors: Kärcher B. , Voigt C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe develop an idealized, physically based model describing combined effects of ice nucleation and sublimation on ice crystal number during persistent contrail formation. Our study represents the first effort to predict ice numbers at the point where contrails transition into contrail cirrus—several minutes past formation—by connecting them to aircraft soot particle emissions and atmospheric supersaturation with respect to ice. Results averaged over an observed exponential distribution of ice supersaturation (mean value 15%) indicate that large reductions in soot particle numbers are needed to lower contrail ice crystal numbers significantly for soot emission indices around 1015 (kg fuel)−1, because reductions in nucleated ice number are partially compensated by sublimation losses. Variations in soot particle (−50%) and water vapor (+10%) emission indices at threefold lower soot emissions resulting from biofuel blending cause ice crystal numbers to change by −35% and <5%, respectively. The efficiency of reduction depends on ice supersaturation and the size distribution of nucleated ice crystals in jet exhaust plumes and on atmospheric ice supersaturation, making the latter another key factor in contrail mitigation. We expect our study to have important repercussions for planning airborne measurements targeting contrail formation, designing parameterization schemes for use in large‐scale models, reducing uncertainties in predicting contrail cirrus, and mitigating the climate impact of aviation.
Multi‐TID detection and characterization in a dense Global Navigation Satellite System receiver network
Authors: Yang Heng , Monte‐Moreno Enrique , Hernández‐Pajares Manuel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) constitute the most frequent ionospheric wave signatures. We propose a method for detecting the number of simultaneous MSTIDs from a time series of high‐pass‐filtered Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) maps and their parameters. The method is tested on the VTEC map corresponding to a simulated realistic scenario and on actual data from dual‐frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements gathered by +1200 GPS receivers of the GPS Earth Observation Network (GEONET) in Japan. The contribution consists of the detection of the number of independent MSTIDs from a nonuniform sampling of the ionospheric pierce points. The problem is set as a sparse decomposition on elements of a dictionary of atoms that span a linear space of possible MSTIDs. These atoms consist of plane waves characterized by a wavelength, direction, and phase on a surface defined, the part of the ionosphere sounded by the GEONET (i.e., 25°N to 50°N of latitude and 125°E to 155°E of longitude). The technique is related to the atomic decomposition and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The geophysical contribution of this paper is showing (a) the detection of several simultaneous MSTIDs of different characteristics, with a continuous change in the velocity; (b) detection of circular MSTID waves compatible by time and center with a specific earthquake; (c) simultaneous superposition of two distinct MSTIDs, with almost the same azimuth; and (d) the presence at nighttime of MSTIDs with velocities in the range 400–600 m/s.
Long‐term variations of exospheric temperature inferred from foF1 observations: A comparison to ISR Ti trend estimates
Authors: Perrone L. , Mikhailov A. V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractJune noontime monthly median foF1 ionosonde observations at Sodankylä (auroral zone), Juliusruh, and Rome (middle latitudes) were used to retrieve exospheric temperature, Tex long‐term variations over the (1958–2015) period. After removing solar activity effects the residual linear trends were found to be small (0.05–0.6)% per decade and statistically insignificant at middle latitudes. Therefore, the revealed Tex long‐term variations are mainly due to long‐term variations of solar activity, i.e., they have a natural (not anthropogenic) origin. Large trends in ion temperature, Ti inferred from incoherent scatter radar (ISR) observations which the researchers identify with trends in neutral temperature, Tn may be related to the incoherent scatter method routinely based on a fixed model of ion composition (O+/Ne ratio and mean ion mass, correspondingly) under varying geophysical conditions. Mean ion mass number manifests a negative trend at 175 km which should correspond to a negative trend in Ti contrary the results obtained below 200 km with ISRs. Therefore, routine ISR observations based on a fixed model of ion composition may be not appropriate for long‐term trend analyses.
Application of a global magnetospheric‐ionospheric current model for dayside and terminator Pi2 pulsations
Authors: Imajo S. , Yoshikawa A. , Uozumi T. , Ohtani Shin. , Nakamizo A. , Chi P. J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPi2 magnetic oscillations on the dayside are considered to be produced by the ionospheric current that is driven by Pi2‐associated electric fields from the high‐latitude region, but this idea has not been quantitatively tested. The present study numerically tested the magnetospheric‐ionospheric current system for Pi2 consisting of field‐aligned currents (FACs) localized in the nightside auroral region, the perpendicular magnetospheric current flowing in the azimuthal direction, and horizontal ionospheric currents driven by the FACs. We calculated the spatial distribution of the ground magnetic field produced by these currents using the Biot‐Savart law in a stationary state. The calculated magnetic field reproduced the observational features reported by previous studies: (1) the sense of the H component does not change a wide range of local time sectors at low latitudes, (2) the amplitude of the H component on the dayside is enhanced at the equator, (3) the D component reverses its phase near the dawn and dusk terminators, (4) the meridian of the D component phase reversal near the dusk terminator is shifted more sunward than that near the dawn terminator, and (5) the amplitude of the D component in the morning is larger than that in the early evening. We also derived the global distributions of observed equivalent currents for two Pi2 events. The spatial patterns of dayside equivalent currents were similar to the spatial pattern of numerically derived equivalent currents. The results indicate that the oscillation of the magnetospheric‐ionospheric current system is a plausible explanation of Pi2s on the dayside and near the terminator.
Effect of pore and confining pressure on the supercritical CO2 permeability of sandstone: Implications for the effective pressure law
Authors: Choi C. S. , Cheon D. S. , Song J. J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe liquid permeability of rock with distilled water or brine is different from that obtained using gas by variation in the confining pressure Pc and pore pressure Pp. In this study, as part of the research on CO2 geological storage, the permeability of sandstone was measured using supercritical CO2, and the effect of Pc and Pp on this permeability was analyzed. For applying the effective pressure law to the analysis, an effective pressure coefficient for permeability was derived experimentally. In order to utilize supercritical CO2, a non‐Darcy flow test with a high flow rate was conducted, and the permeability was estimated through the Forchheimer equation. We contoured iso‐permeability lines with confining and pore pressure conditions that have identical permeability, and the effective pressure coefficient, χ, was derived from the gradient of the lines following the definition of the effective pressure law. It was identified that the coefficient could be different depending on the pressure conditions. To clarify the variation of the coefficient, we derived the coefficient of χ(Pc, Pp) as a function of pore and confining pressure. The coefficient increased nonlinearly as the difference between Pc and Pp decreased, with a maximum of 1.36 being observed. The correlation between the effective pressure and the permeability were examined by applying empirical models. It was determined that the power law model was appropriate to estimate the change in supercritical CO2 permeability. Especially, it was deduced that the effective pressure with the derived coefficient would be more valid than the Terzaghi effective pressure.
The Lofoten Basin eddy: Three years of evolution as observed by Seagliders
Authors: Yu Lu‐Sha , Bosse Anthony , Fer Ilker , Orvik Kjell A. , Bruvik Erik M. , Hessevik Idar , Kvalsund Karsten 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Lofoten Basin in the Norwegian Sea is an area where the warm Atlantic Water is subject to the greatest heat losses anywhere in the Nordic Seas. A long‐lived, deep, anticyclonic eddy is located in the central part of the basin (the Lofoten Basin Eddy, LBE). Here we use observations from Seagliders, collected between July 2012 and July 2015, to describe LBE in unprecedented detail. The missions were designed to sample LBE repeatedly, allowing for multiple realizations of radial sections across the eddy. LBE has a mean radius of 18 ± 4 km and propagates cyclonically with a mean speed of approximately 3–4 cm s−1. The anticyclonic azimuthal peak velocity varies between 0.5 and 0.7 m s−1, located between 700 and 900 m depth. The average contribution of geostrophy in the cyclogeostrophic balance is 44%. The relative vorticity of the core is close to the local Coriolis parameter. The evolution of core water properties shows substantial interannual variability, influenced by surface buoyancy flux and advection of anomalous low‐salinity near‐surface waters that may affect the vertical extent of winter convection. A comparison of the eddy properties to those inferred from automated tracking of satellite altimeter observations shows that the location of eddy center is successfully detected to within one half eddy radius, but vorticity is underestimated and the radius overestimated, each approximately by a factor of 2, because of excessive smoothing relative to the small eddy radius.
New insights about cloud vertical structure from CloudSat and CALIPSO observations
Authors: Oreopoulos Lazaros , Cho Nayeong , Lee Dongmin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractActive cloud observations from A‐Train's CloudSat and CALIPSO satellites offer new opportunities to examine the vertical structure of hydrometeor layers. We use the 2B‐CLDCLASS‐LIDAR merged CloudSat‐CALIPSO product to examine global aspects of hydrometeor vertical stratification. We group the data into major cloud vertical structure (CVS) classes based on our interpretation of how clouds in three standard atmospheric layers overlap and provide their global frequency of occurrence. The two most frequent CVS classes are single‐layer (per our definition) low and high clouds that represent ~53% of cloudy skies, followed by high clouds overlying low clouds, and vertically extensive clouds that occupy near‐contiguously a large portion of the troposphere. The prevalence of these configurations changes seasonally and geographically, between daytime and nighttime, and between continents and oceans. The radiative effects of the CVS classes reveal the major radiative warmers and coolers from the perspective of the planet as a whole, the surface, and the atmosphere. Single‐layer low clouds dominate planetary and atmospheric cooling and thermal infrared surface warming. We also investigate the consistency between passive and active views of clouds by providing the CVS breakdowns of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer cloud regimes for spatiotemporally coincident MODIS‐Aqua (also on the A‐Train) and CloudSat‐CALIPSO daytime observations. When the analysis is expanded for a more in‐depth look at the most heterogeneous of the MODIS cloud regimes, it ultimately confirms previous interpretations of their makeup that did not have the benefit of collocated active observations.
Analysis of remotely sensed and surface data of aerosols and meteorology for the Mexico Megalopolis Area between 2003 and 2015
Authors: Mora Marco , Braun Rachel A. , Shingler Taylor , Sorooshian Armin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper presents an aerosol characterization study from 2003 to 2015 for the Mexico City Metropolitan Area using remotely sensed aerosol data, ground‐based measurements, air mass trajectory modeling, aerosol chemical composition modeling, and reanalysis data for the broader Megalopolis of Central Mexico region. The most extensive biomass burning emissions occur between March and May concurrent with the highest aerosol optical depth, ultraviolet aerosol index, and surface particulate matter (PM) mass concentration values. A notable enhancement in coarse PM levels is observed during vehicular rush hour periods on weekdays versus weekends owing to nonengine‐related emissions such as resuspended dust. Among wet deposition species measured, PM2.5, PM10, and PMcoarse (PM10‐PM2.5) were best correlated with NH4+, SO42−, and Ca2+, suggesting that the latter three constituents are important components of the aerosol seeding raindrops that eventually deposit to the surface in the study region. Reductions in surface PM mass concentrations were observed in 2014–2015 owing to reduced regional biomass burning as compared to 2003–2013.