bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile apps usage by Malaysian business undergraduates and postgraduates
Authors: Carter Stephen , Yeo Amy Chu-May 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– This qualitative, exploratory study uses constructs from the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and construct variables from literature, as a basis to ascertain similarities and differences in the behaviour by business undergraduates (UGs) and postgraduates (PGs) of mobile apps and the purpose of this paper is to suggest implications for consumer behaviour theory and marketing practice for the two groups of students.

Design/methodology/approach
– Literature informed us of the paucity of research on the relationship between behavioural theory and mobile apps usage in the Asia region. An exploratory and interpretivist approach, with thematic analysis, was employed to aid in data processing.

Findings
– The investigative outcomes highlighted more similarities than dissimilarities in terms of perceived attitude (e.g. mood, ethical guilt, familiarity, addiction) and more differences in perceived subjective norms (e.g. family, friends, classmates and teammates) and perceived users’ behavioural control (e.g. promotional inducements, self-confidence) towards the usage of mobile apps exhibited by two different sets of data.

Research limitations/implications
– Homogeneity of participants, small sample size and generalisability of results were the main concern, hence, it warrants further research. In addition a cross-cultural comparison would be beneficial which might generate more meaningful results.

Practical implications
– The research, albeit exploratory, serves as a guide for marketers and apps content providers to focus on usability of features and functions of apps as well as credibility, social context, timing, location, excitement of advertisements and promotional messages especially when marketing to the 18-30-age group. The research also shows that practitioners should be nuanced in their appeals to UGs and PGs.

Originality/value
– Despite the provision of numerous mobile apps, this study, using the constructs of the TPB as a basis, offers a new insight into the reasons for, and usage of, specific and top popular apps (e.g. FB, Whatsapps and WeChat) Malaysian students used which reflects a varied behavioural dimension as opposed to planned behaviour.
FINRA publishes guidance on research conflict of interest rules
Authors: Burke Timothy , Pinney Jason 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
To explain recent guidance released by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) regarding research analyst conflicts of interest that arise during the underwriter selection process.

Design/methodology/approach
The article discusses the risks associated with different communications between research analysts and issuers during the three phases of the underwriter selection process: the pre-IPO period; the solicitation period; and the post-mandate period.

Findings
While many questions remain, the FINRA guidance provides valuable insight to firms regarding the types of communications between research analysts and issuers that are permitted during different periods in the solicitation process. The risk levels associated with different types of communications during those time periods range from low to high to “unmanageable”. The article provides practical guidance on what research analysts can say and do during the different periods.

Practical implications
Broker-dealers should evaluate their policies and procedures to ensure compliance with the new FINRA guidelines.

Originality value
Practical guidance from experienced securities lawyers who are on the front lines in dealing with these issues.
Progressive dysarthria and augmentative and alternative communication in conversation: establishing the reliability of the Dysarthria‐in‐Interaction Profile
Authors: Bloch Steven , Tuomainen Jyrki 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe Dysarthria‐in‐Interaction Profile's potential contribution to the clinical assessment of dysarthria‐in‐conversation has been outlined in the literature, but its consistency of use across different users has yet to be reported.AimsTo establish the level of consistency across raters on four different interaction categories. That is, how reliable clinicians are when rating a series of videos. A secondary aim was to investigate the relationship between raters’ estimates of dysarthric speech intelligibility and their rating of each dyad's overall interaction.Methods & ProceduresTen UK speech and language therapists rated independently a series of 40 video samples featuring people with progressive dysarthria in conversation with family members. An equal number of video samples was selected from a collection of recordings featuring four different types of interactional relationship.Outcomes & ResultsThe results show that practising speech and language therapists can rate consistently, and with a high degree of agreement, a series of everyday conversation videos featuring dyads with progressive dysarthria and presenting at different interaction levels. The results also indicate that speech intelligibility does not predict the level of impairment in the interaction in a systematic way suggesting that conversation contains elements that are not directly related to speech intelligibility.Conclusions & ImplicationsFurther work is required to establish the clinical functionality of this tool, but the results presented here support the development of this conversation profiling system, particularly for people experiencing significant intelligibility problems but remaining highly interactive/communicative.
The UK and EU Foreign and Security Policy: An Optional Extra
Authors: Whitman Richard G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractForeign and security policy were not areas in which Prime Minister Cameron was seeking to renegotiate the relationship between the UK and the European Union (EU), but security may be a key issue in the EU referendum. The untangling of Britain's foreign and security policy from the EU following a Brexit vote would be relatively uncomplicated. The EU's arrangements for collective foreign and security policy, the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), are conducted on an intergovernmental basis which allows the UK to preserve independence in its diplomacy while allowing for the coordination of policy where interests are held in common with other member states. The UK retains substantial diplomatic and military capabilities which would allow it to continue to pursue a separate national foreign, security and defence policy in the case of either a ‘Leave’ or ‘Remain’ outcome.
Fundamentals and Sovereign Risk of Emerging Markets
Authors: Aizenman Joshua , Jinjarak Yothin , Park Donghyun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe empirically assess the relative importance of various economic fundamentals in accounting for the sovereign credit default swap (CDS) spreads of emerging markets during 2004–2012, which encompasses the global financial crisis of 2008–2009. Inflation, state fragility, external debt and commodity terms of trade volatility were positively associated, while trade openness and a more favourable fiscal balance/GDP ratio were negatively associated with sovereign CDS spreads. Yet the relative importance of economic fundamentals in the pricing of sovereign risk varies over time. The key factors are trade openness and state fragility in the pre‐crisis period, the external debt/GDP ratio and inflation in the crisis period, and inflation and the public debt/GDP ratio in the post‐crisis period. Asian countries enjoy lower sovereign spreads than Latin American countries, and this gap widened during and after the crisis. Trade openness was the biggest factor behind Asia's lower sovereign spreads before the crisis, and inflation during and after the crisis. The results imply that external factors were paramount in pricing sovereign risk prior to the crisis, but internal factors associated with the capacity to adjust to adverse shocks gained prominence during and after the crisis.
The use of Skype in analysis and training: a research and literature review
Authors: Merchant John 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOf recent years there has not only been an increasing use of Skype in analytic treatment, supervision and teaching, but also a number of writers have been endeavouring to assess its effectiveness. Whilst it is generally agreed that Skype can facilitate an analytic encounter where distance prohibits a face‐to‐face process, where continuity needs to be maintained and where analysands are in areas far from specialized centres, there is divergence in the literature as to whether analysis, as opposed to psychotherapy, can be successful using Skype. This paper reviews the literature and concludes that the essentials of a genuine analytic process are not necessarily precluded by Skype. One central reason is because there exists a cross‐modal communication channel between the human senses (underpinned by audiovisual mirror neurons) in addition to the recently discovered instinct for communication and interpersonal understanding, and these can override the need for physical proximity of the participants. The essentials of an analytic frame can thus be maintained, and the continuity that Skype enables means that containment is also facilitated and this counters the negative aspects of shuttle analysis. The critical issues for the profession then become the professional development for practitioners in the use of Skype and suggestions are listed.
Age Estimation in Living Egyptians Using Signal Joint T‐cell Receptor Excision Circle Rearrangement
Authors: Ibrahim Samah F. , Gaballah Iman F. , Rashed Laila A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAge estimation is one of the challenges in forensic sciences. There are many techniques to estimate the age. Molecular biology approach is one of these techniques. Signal joint T‐cell receptor excision circles gene (sjTRECs), is one of this approach. We aimed to use sjTRECs as a suitable marker for age estimation among Egyptian population. TaqMan qPCR approach was used to quantify sjTREC levels in blood samples obtained from 153 healthy Egyptian individuals ranging from a few weeks to 70 years. Our results showed a significant negative correlation between sjTREC levels and age with p ≤ 0.05. Moreover, the individual's age can be determined through this formula Age = −30.671+ (−5.998Y) (Y is dCtTBP − sjTREC) with standard error ±7.35 years. Within the forensic context, sjTREC' levels can be used to estimate the Egyptian individual's age accurately.
Potential role for psychological skills training in emergency medicine: Part 1 ‐ Introduction and background
Authors: Lauria Michael J , Rush Stephen , Weingart Scott D , Brooks Jason , Gallo Isabelle A 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPsychological skills training (PST) is the systematic acquisition and practice of different psychological techniques to improve cognitive and technical performance. This training consists of three phases: education, skills acquisition and practice. Some of the psychological skills developed in this training include relaxation techniques, focusing and concentration skills, positive ‘self‐suggestion’ and visualisation exercises. Since the middle of the 20th century, PST has been successfully applied by athletes, performing artists, business executives, military personnel and other professionals in high‐risk occupations. Research in these areas has demonstrated the breadth and depth of the training's effectiveness. Despite the benefits realised in other professions, medicine has only recently begun to explore certain elements of PST. The present paper reviews the history and evidence behind the concept of PST. In addition, it presents some aspects of PST that have already been incorporated into medical training as well as implications for developing more comprehensive programmes to improve delivery of emergency medical care.
Measuring spleen stiffness to predict varices in chronic hepatitis B cirrhotic patients with or without receiving non‐selective beta‐blockers
Authors: Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Kwok Raymond , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Tang Stephen Pui‐Kit , Lee Eugenia , Lam Thomas Chi‐Ho , Lau Tiffany Wing‐Yan , Ma Teresa Man‐Kee , Wong Betsy Chi‐Kuen , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun 
Published: May 2016

Objectiveswe aimed to investigate the accuracy of liver (LSM) spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) with transient elastography (TE) to predict varices in the presence of non‐selective beta‐blockers (NSBB).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study of consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and cirrhosis, all patients underwent TE and upper endoscopic examinations. LSM and SSM in predicting varices in patients receiving and not receiving NSBB were evaluated.ResultsAltogether 144 CHB patients (29 receiving NSBB; 35 with any varices, 31 and 11 with esophageal and gastric varices, respectively) were recruited. Their mean LSM and SSM were 13.3 ± 9.0 kPa and 32.8 ± 19.2 kPa, respectively. The correlation between LSM and SSM was better in the NSBB subgroup (r = 0.525, P = 0.003) than its counterpart (r = 0.329, P  < 0.001). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of LSM and SSM for any varices was 0.675 and 0.685 (P = 0.002 and 0.001), respectively. SSM of 18.9 kPa had a negative predictive value of 92.1% and negative likelihood ratio of 0.27 for ruling out any varices; and SSM of 54.9 kPa had a positive predictive value of 56.5% and a positive likelihood ratio of 4.05 to rule in varices. The AUROC of LSM for varices was 0.742 and 0.549 in patients with or without NSBB, respectively; the corresponding AUROC of SSM was 0.572 and 0.603, respectively.ConclusionsSSM only has modest accuracy to predict varices independent of NSBB use. An SSM cutoff value of 18.9 kPa may be adopted to achieve a high negative predictive value to rule out varices.
The Joint Effects of Multiple Legal System Characteristics on Auditing Standards and Auditor Behavior
Authors: Simunic Dan A. , Ye Minlei , Zhang Ping 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper derives the impacts of legal system characteristics and auditing standards on auditor behavior (audit quality), and analyzes the determination of optimal auditing standards under different legal regimes. Legal regimes are characterized by differences in the uncertainty concerning the outcome of legal proceedings (termed vagueness of legal systems) and differences in the average size of damage awards. Auditing standards as determined by standard setters can vary in both toughness and vagueness. Our analysis provides implications for the adoption of International Standards on Auditing (ISA). Countries, such as the United States, where auditor legal liability is significantly more onerous than the global norm are not likely to adopt ISA, since these standards may not induce auditors to provide the optimal level of audit quality. Conversely, the adoption of ISA by countries, such as China, where the legal system makes the recovery of damages from auditors quite difficult, is not by itself likely to result in a high level of audit quality. Furthermore, our model suggests that auditor rotation can help improve audit quality, but only in certain circumstances.
Does cannabis use moderate smoking cessation outcomes in treatment‐seeking tobacco smokers? Analysis from a large multi‐center trial
Authors: Rabin Rachel A. , Ashare Rebecca L. , Schnoll Robert A. , Cinciripini Paul M. , Hawk Larry W. , Lerman Caryn , Tyndale Rachel F. , George Tony P. 
Published: May 2016

Background and ObjectiveTobacco and cannabis are frequently used in combination and cannabis co‐use may lead to poor tobacco cessation outcomes. Therefore, it is important to explore if cannabis co‐use is associated with a reduced likelihood of achieving successful tobacco abstinence among treatment‐seeking tobacco smokers. The present study examined whether current cannabis use moderated tobacco cessation outcomes after 12 weeks of pharmacological treatment (varenicline vs. nicotine patch vs. placebo) with adjunctive behavioral counseling.MethodsTreatment‐seeking tobacco smokers (N = 1,246) were enrolled in an intent‐to‐treat study, of which 220 were current cannabis users. Individuals were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of placebo (placebo pill plus placebo patch), nicotine patch (active patch plus placebo pill), or varenicline (active pill plus placebo patch), plus behavioral counseling. The primary endpoint was biochemically verified 7‐day point prevalence abstinence at the end of treatment.ResultsControlling for rate of nicotine metabolism, treatment arm, age, sex, alcohol, and level of nicotine dependence, cannabis users were as successful at achieving biochemically verified 7‐day point prevalence abstinence compared to tobacco‐only smokers.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceFindings suggest that cannabis use does not hinder the ability to quit tobacco smoking. Future tobacco cessation studies should employ prospective, longitudinal designs investigating cannabis co‐use over time and at different severity levels. (Am J Addict 2016;25:291–296)
Specific allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of atopic eczema: a Cochrane systematic review
Authors: Tam H. H. , Calderon M. A. , Manikam L. , Nankervis H. , Núñez I. G. , Williams H. C. , Durham S. R. , Boyle R. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundSpecific allergen immunotherapy (SIT) is an effective allergy treatment, but it is unclear whether SIT is effective for atopic eczema (AE). We undertook a systematic review to assess SIT efficacy and safety for treating AE.MethodsWe searched databases, ongoing clinical trials registers, and conference proceedings up to July 2015. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of SIT using standardized allergen extracts, compared with placebo/control, for treating AE in patients with allergic sensitization were eligible.ResultsWe identified 12 eligible trials with 733 participants. Interventions included subcutaneous (six trials), sublingual (four trials), oral or intradermal SIT in children/adults allergic to house dust mite (10 trials), grass pollen or other inhalants. Risk of bias was moderate, with high loss to follow‐up and nonblinding as the main concerns. For our primary outcomes, three studies (208 participants) reported no significant difference – patient‐reported global disease severity improvement RR 0.75 (95% CI 0.45, 1.26); and eczema symptoms mean difference −0.74 on a 20‐point scale (95% CI −1.98, 0.50). Two studies (85 participants) reported a significant difference – SIT improved global disease severity RR 2.85 (95% CI 1.02, 7.96); and itch mean difference −4.20 on a 10‐point scale (95% CI −3.69, −4.71). Meta‐analysis was limited due to extreme statistical heterogeneity. For some secondary outcomes, meta‐analyses showed benefits for SIT, for example investigator‐rated improvement in eczema severity RR 1.48 (95% CI 1.16, 1.88; six trials, 262 participants). We found no evidence of adverse effects. The overall quality of evidence was low.ConclusionWe found no consistent evidence that SIT is effective for treating AE, but due to the low quality of evidence further research is needed to establish whether SIT has a role in AE treatment.
Cardiac Index Declines During Long‐Term Left Ventricular Device Support
Authors: Kalathiya Rohan J. , Houston Brian A. , Chaisson Jordan M. , Grimm Joshua C. , Stevens Gerin R. , Sciortino Christopher M. , Shah Ashish S. , Whitman Glenn J. R. , Russell Stuart D. , Tedford Ryan J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTo investigate longitudinal trends in valvular and ventricular function with long‐term left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy, we analyzed hemodynamic and echocardiographic data of patients with at least 2 years of continuous LVAD support. All 130 patients who underwent HeartMate II implantation at our institution between 2005 and 2012 were reviewed. Twenty patients had hemodynamic and echocardiographic evaluations in both the early (0–6 months) and late (2–3 years) postoperative period. Patients on inotropic therapy or temporary mechanical support were excluded. The average times of early and late hemodynamic evaluations were 59 ± 41 days and 889 ± 160 days, respectively. Cardiac index (CI) declined by an average of 0.4 L/min/m2 (P = 0.04) with concomitant increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP; P = 0.02). The right atrial pressure to PCWP (RAP:PCWP) ratio decreased during LVAD support suggesting improvement in right ventricular function. While there was an increase in degree of aortic insufficiency (AI) at the late follow‐up period (P = 0.008), dichotomization by median decline in CI (−0.4 L/min/m2) indicated no difference in prevalence of AI among the groups. CI declined in patients with HeartMate II after 2 years of continuous support. An increase in preload and afterload was observed in those with the greatest decline in CI.
4 Experiencing Social Change: Life during the Mimbres Classic Transformation
Authors: Hegmon Michelle , Nelson Margaret C. , Schollmeyer Karen Gust 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTWhat was it like to live during a time of social transformation? To live during the culture changes and depopulation at the end of the Classic Mimbres period, ca. 1130 C.E.? As part of the Archaeology of the Human Experience we address these questions with an evidence‐based account of what people did and how the changes affected their lives. Where possible and reasonable, we make people the subjects of our sentences. This approach leads to the conclusions that most changes—such as the end of a land tenure system—affected different people in different ways. The approach also raises questions about what happened to the artists when their artistic tradition ended.
8 Who Benefits? Structural Change and Lived Experience in the Late Prehispanic Andes
Authors: Costin Cathy Lynne 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn this chapter, I identify changes in the division of labor by age, gender, and class, evaluate the intensity of household production, and analyze shifting patterns of consumption to address how the Inka conquest of the Yanamarca Valley differentially affected women and men, children and adults, elites and commoners in Late pre‐Hispanic Peru. Ethnohistoric and archaeological data indicate that the workload increased generally for all conquered peoples, while reordered systems of reward and recognition differentially affected distinct sectors of the population, altering social relations and gender ideology during this period of political and economic change.
9 Social Inequality and Access to Services in Premodern Cities
Authors: Dennehy Timothy J. , Stanley Benjamin W. , Smith Michael E. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTWe use spatial analytical methods to illuminate one aspect of the urban experience: equity of access to facilities that provide material, religious, and assembly services. We compare three cities known from archaeology (Teotihuacan, Tikal, and Empuries) and three historical cities (Bhaktapur, Chester, and Lamu). Some neighborhoods had better access to service facilities than others, pointing to ancient patterns of spatial inequality. Data on house size suggest that status also impacted service access. Greater travel time to service facilities negatively impacts the well‐being of urban residents in two ways: it reduces access to key services, and it takes time away from other activities. Our methods for identifying these spatial patterns of inequality open a new window on the implications of social inequality for the premodern urban experience.