bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tall Bornean forests experience higher canopy disturbance rates than those in the eastern Amazon or Guiana shield
Authors: Jackson Toby D. , Fischer Fabian J. , Vincent Grégoire , Gorgens Eric B. , Keller Michael , Chave Jérôme , Jucker Tommaso , Coomes David A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe future of tropical forests hinges on the balance between disturbance rates, which are expected to increase with climate change, and tree growth. Whereas tree growth is a slow process, disturbance events occur sporadically and tend to be short‐lived. This difference challenges forest monitoring to achieve sufficient resolution to capture tree growth, while covering the necessary scale to characterize disturbance rates. Airborne LiDAR time series can address this challenge by measuring landscape scale changes in canopy height at 1 m resolution. In this study, we present a robust framework for analysing disturbance and recovery processes in LiDAR time series data. We apply this framework to 8000 ha of old‐growth tropical forests over a 4–5‐year time frame, comparing growth and disturbance rates between Borneo, the eastern Amazon and the Guiana shield. Our findings reveal that disturbance was balanced by growth in eastern Amazonia and the Guiana shield, resulting in a relatively stable mean canopy height. In contrast, tall Bornean forests experienced a decrease in canopy height due to numerous small‐scale (<0.1 ha) disturbance events outweighing the gains due to growth. Within sites, we found that disturbance rates were weakly related to topography, but significantly increased with maximum canopy height. This could be because taller trees were particularly vulnerable to disturbance agents such as drought, wind and lightning. Consequently, we anticipate that tall forests, which contain substantial carbon stocks, will be disproportionately affected by the increasing severity of extreme weather events driven by climate change.
Development of the coreHEM mental health patient‐reported outcome measure – A novel mental health outlook measure for people with haemophilia
Authors: Clearfield Elizabeth , Chang Hsing‐Yuan , Janssen Ellen M. , Majid Tabassum , Messner Donna A. , Coffin Donna , Jain Mohit , Monahan Paul E. , Valentino Leonard A. , Witkop Michelle , Skinner Mark W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionCurrently, no quality‐of‐life instrument exists that captures the full experience of the mental health outlook (MHO), a coreHEM core outcome, in people with haemophilia, including the potential transformational experience of receiving gene therapy.AimTo describe the methods used to develop a content validated patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) that measures MHO for people with haemophilia.MethodsA conceptual framework, developed from a literature/evidence review, was used to create an interview guide and draft a questionnaire. Males aged 15 or older with severe/moderate haemophilia were eligible to participate in concept elicitation or cognitive debriefing interviews. The conceptual framework was refined based on a thematic analysis of concept elicitation interviews and PROM items were developed from the conceptual framework. Cognitive debriefing sessions that prioritised relevance and understanding of the PROM were held in two rounds; items were updated iteratively.ResultsA conceptual framework with five domains (stigma, anxiety, depression, life interference and identity) was constructed from over 300 identified MHO concepts. Fifty‐three participants took part in interviews. After 32 concept elicitation interviews, the framework was updated by including eight new sub‐concepts and eliminating two. Updates to the questionnaire included items added or removed and improved wording. The final coreHEM MHO PROM has 26 questions in two sections (general mental health associated with haemophilia, and a gene therapy section).ConclusionsThe instrument is content‐validated and can be used as an exploratory outcome. MHO scores can be measured and compared to give more insight into patient quality of life.
The effect of Bacillus subtilis fermentation of Australian sweet lupin on its mineral composition and in vitro bioaccessibility
Authors: Wickramasinghe Niranjani , Soares Mario , Jayasena Vijay , Coorey Ranil , Johnson Stuart K. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryFermentation may beneficially increase the bioaccessibility of minerals in legumes. In this study, the contents and in vitro bioaccessibilities of Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn were determined in lupin whole seed and dehulled seed during soaking, cooking and then fermentation with Bacillus subtilis into a natto analogue. For total mineral content, a significant loss (P < 0.05) of Mg was observed after cooking for both whole and dehulled seed. During pre‐processing, the Ca bioaccessibilities of whole and dehulled were highest (P < 0.05) in the soaked seed and for Mg was highest (P < 0.05) in the cooked samples. At all fermentation times, the bioaccessibility of all minerals was higher (P < 0.05) in the dehulled than the whole seed. Significant increases (P < 0.05) in bioaccessibility during fermentation were observed for Fe at 48 h and Zn 24 h in dehulled seed, providing the first evidence for the beneficial effect of lupin fermentation by B. subtilis in terms of Fe and Zn availability.
Exploring particle‐based stabilisation of Pickering emulsions in food, aquaculture, and industrial applications
Authors: Abdul Hadi Nabilah , Ashaari Aisyah , Matos María , Wan Rasdi Nadiah 
Published: September 2024

SummaryEmulsions are combinations of two‐phases of immiscible liquids, where one liquid is dispersed throughout the other liquid with the help of emulsifiers such as surfactants. Surfactants, which are emulsifiers composed of small amphiphilic molecules, have several drawbacks. These include being non‐biodegradable and releasing various chemical compounds into the environment. Consequently, they are not ideal for prolonged use. Solid particles can be an alternative candidate to stabilise emulsions, forming what are known as Pickering emulsions (PEs). It has shown that PEs exhibited greater encapsulation efficiency (EE) of other substances up to 98%, which is more than twice compared with that of surfactant‐stabilised emulsions. Due to its irreversible adsorption, PEs has been recognised in various industries such as cosmetics, food, biomedical and aquaculture which have potential in targeted drug and nutrient delivery to the fish, water management, feed enhancement and stress reduction in aquaculture species. Thus, this review will be discussing on (i) emulsion stability and performance, (ii) solid particles in stabilising Pickering emulsions, (iii) use of PEs in various industries, (iv) nanotechnology in PEs to optimise aquaculture, (v) potential of PEs as drug delivery in fish culture, (vi) PEs as agents in water quality management, and (vii) PEs as encapsulation of stress‐relieving compounds, (viii) PEs as fish and fish feed enhancer, (ix) innovations of chitosan‐based PEs from aquaculture by‐product, and (x) innovations of PEs from fisheries by‐product. This review would provide insight into future research on enhancing the sustainability and functionality of Pickering emulsions by exploring novel, environmentally friendly solid particles and incorporating advanced nanotechnology techniques to further improve Pickering emulsions stability.
Cassava starch‐based film infused with biogenic selenium nanoparticles (bio‐SeNPs) to reduce foodborne pathogens
Authors: Nogueira Matheus Henrique , de Carvalho Luana , Peron dos Santos André Ricardo , Furlaneto Márcia Cristina , Maia Luciana Furlaneto 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe urgent investigation of antimicrobial films is imperative to mitigate the proliferation of pathogens in food, extending product shelf life and ensuring food safety, crucial aspects for public health and the sustainability of the global food system. We developed cassava starch‐based films containing 1% and 2% biogenic selenium nanoparticles (Bio‐SeNPs) produced by enterocin MF5 to assess antimicrobial activity. The addition of Bio‐SeNPs altered the luminosity and gave a reddish hue to the films. UV–visible, FTIR, and thermogram analyses revealed intermolecular interactions between the starch and Bio‐SeNPs. Scanning electron microscopy showed a smooth and homogeneous surface of the nanocomposite films. Water vapour permeability ranged from 9.4 to 0.68 g mm h−1 m−2 kPa−1, lower than control values. Swelling values were higher in the film containing 1% Bio‐SeNPs, and water vapour transmission was lower. The films exhibited MICs of 5.5 μL mL−1 for Listeria spp., 10.9 μL mL−1 for Salmonella spp., and 250 μL mL−1 for Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial activity ranged from 1.5–1.9 log and 1.6–2.0 log in liquid medium and dry film, respectively, after 24 h. The films were also applied to cherry tomatoes without altering their characteristics compared to the positive control. Our study demonstrated the high potential of using Bio‐SeNPs in biodegradable films to prevent food contamination.
Calcium caseinate enhancement of bread and its role in manipulating the glycaemic response and antioxidant potential of the product
Authors: Idahagbon Nosa B. , Kumar Lokesh , Nicholas Robert J. , Oluyemi Mary B. , Brennan Charles S. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe impact of supplementing bread with calcium caseinate was studied at substitution levels of 5%, 10% and 15%. The research assessed the baking properties, nutritional value, glycaemic response and antioxidant activity of the experimental bread samples. Addition led to a significant increase in protein content, reaching up to 22% of the total energy supply at 15% substitution. Essential amino acids, such as valine, leucine and isoleucine, more than doubled in concentration at the 15% substitution level. Furthermore, the incorporation of calcium caseinate improved the textural properties of the bread, significantly increasing the bread volume and reducing setback viscosity (P < 0.05). The predicted glycaemic response, as measured by the area under the glucose release curve, showed a notable reduction in sugar levels at 15% substitution. These results suggest that bread enriched with calcium caseinate can serve as a valuable protein source for the population, offering both enhanced nutritional benefits and favourable baking characteristics.
Recognising the Parental Caregiver Burden of Children With Mental Disorders: A Systematic Mixed‐Studies Review
Authors: Pereira Travis Lanz‐Brian , Wichaikhum Orn‐Anong , Nantsupawat Apiradee , Rajendrana Priyadharshni , Baladram Sara , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis review aims to consolidate and appraise evidence exploring the caregiver burden of parents of children with mental disorders. A mixed‐studies review structure was adopted and six electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) were searched from each database's inception date until September 2023. Thomas & Harden's thematic analysis framework was utilised for data analysis. Twenty‐three studies were included in this review. The results‐based convergent integration method identified an overarching theme titled ‘hiding behind the walls on fire, engulfed in chaos: dark and alone’, three main themes named ‘Invisible scars’: role of psychological factors on caregiver burden, navigating through social and economic influences on caregiving burden, and influence of illness‐related variables and nine subthemes. This review highlighted that the parents perceived insufficient support from healthcare providers and a lack of insight regarding their children's medical condition as the primary contributors to the burden experienced. It is imperative for healthcare professionals to collaboratively engage with parental caregivers, offering accessible treatment options for their children with mental disorders and providing comprehensive educational resources to facilitate a profound understanding of their children's mental health conditions. In addition to addressing caregivers' informational needs, the establishment of an integrated support system is advocated, one involving active participation from healthcare professionals, healthcare institutions, community resources, social services and policymakers. This holistic approach could better meet the multifaceted needs of caregivers, encompassing psychosocial, emotional and financial aspects.Trial Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: PROSPERO ID: CRD42022363420
Indications and outcomes of elective open chest lead extractions
Authors: Gupta Anshul R. , Power John R. , Yang Yang , Pollema Travis , Arghami Arman , Birgersdotter‐Green Ulrika , Cha Yong‐Mei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundComplications associated with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices may necessitate device and lead removal. An open approach to removal may be electively chosen in cases with high risk of complications or those requiring additional concomitant cardiac surgery. This study aimed to investigate outcomes of patients who underwent elective open lead extractions (OLE) at two large tertiary care centers.MethodsThe records of 29 patients undergoing elective OLE were analyzed through retrospective chart review.Results69 total leads were extracted from 29 patients (77% completely, 23% partially). The average age of the oldest leads was 13.3 ± 11.3 years. Infective endocarditis with severe valvular insufficiency requiring valvular intervention (41%)—an infectious etiology, and tricuspid valve intervention to correct RV lead‐related severe TR (38%)—a noninfectious etiology, were the most common reasons for OLE. 38% of the patients had additional co‐primary or secondary indications for open extraction, such as CABG and pericardiectomies. The rate of major complications and procedural failure was 3% each (1/29). 30‐day survival was 100%, and 1‐year survival was 92%. The average length of hospital stay was 15 days and higher among those undergoing OLE for infectious indications.ConclusionOpen lead extractions offered a similar clinical success rate (97%) to transvenous extractions in this cohort and may be a viable alternative for those necessitating valvular intervention or when the risk of complications from TLE is considered very high.
Alterations in functional brain connectivity associated with developmental dyscalculia
Authors: Mateu‐Estivill Roger , Adan Ana , Grau Sergi , Rifà‐Ros Xavier , Caldú Xavier , Bargalló Núria , Serra‐Grabulosa Josep M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in the study of resting neural networks in different neurological and mental disorders. While previous studies suggest that the default mode network (DMN) may be altered in dyscalculia, the study of resting‐state networks in the development of numerical skills, especially in children with developmental dyscalculia (DD), is scarce and relatively recent. Based on this, this study examines differences in resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐FC) data of children with DD using functional connectivity multivariate pattern analysis (fc‐MVPA), a data‐driven methodology that summarizes properties of the entire connectome.MethodsWe performed fc‐MVPA on resting‐state images of a sample composed of a group of children with DD (n = 19, 8.06 ± 0.87 years) and an age‐ and sex‐matched control group of typically developing children (n = 23, 7.76 ± 0.46 years).ResultsAnalysis of fc‐MVPA showed significant differences between group connectivity profiles in two clusters allocated in both the right and left medial temporal gyrus. Post hoc effect size results revealed a decreased rs‐FC between each temporal pole and the DMN in children with DD and an increased rs‐FC between each temporal pole and the sensorimotor network.ConclusionsOur results suggest an aberrant information flow between resting‐state networks in children with DD, demonstrating the importance of these networks for arithmetic development.
Raman spectroscopy analysis of artificial space weathering effects of NWA 10580 CO3 meteorite
Authors: Kereszturi Ákos , Biri Sándor , Gyollai Ildikó , Juhász Zoltán , Király Csilla , Rácz Richárd , Rezes Dániel , Sulik Béla , Szabó Máté , Szalai Zoltán , Szávai Péter , Szklenár Tamás 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA medium‐grade, poorly weathered CO3‐type meteorite was subjected to artificial space weathering by 1 keV protons in three subsequent steps, with gradually increasing doses from 1011 to 1017 protons per cm2. The resulting mineral modifications were identified by Raman spectroscopy, with specific emphasis on main minerals such as olivine (bands: 817, 845 cm−1), pyroxene (1007 cm−1), and partly amorphous feldspar (509 cm−1), considering variation in band shift and bandwidth (full width at half maximum, FWHM). After the first and second irradiations, variable band position changes were observed, probably from metastable alterations by Mg loss of the minerals, while the third stronger irradiation showed band shift dominated by amorphization. The olivine and pyroxene show weak increase in FWHM after the first irradiation, while more changes happened after the second and third irradiations. The flux after the third irradiation was higher than in other works, caused stronger damage in crystal lattice, partly resembling to dimerization as described by shock metamorphism. The glassy feldspar was characterized by high FWHM values already at the beginning, indicating weak crystallinity already that become even less crystallized, thus their bands disappeared after the third irradiation. Bands of hydrous minerals (goethite clay, chlorite) were not visible after the third irradiation, confirming some earlier results in the literature. Based on our results, moderately fresh surfaces could show stochastic but small spectral differences compared to the fresh most meteorites by metastable mineral alterations. The interpretation of Raman spectra of heavily space‐weathered surfaces could further benefit from the joint evaluation of alteration induced by both shock impact alteration and space weathering.
The first genetically confirmed live sighting of the Deraniyagala's beaked whale (Mesoplodon hotaula), with insights into the diversity, phylogeny, and past demographic history
Authors: Lin Wenzhi , Kang Hui , Seim Inge , Liu Binshuai , Chen Shenglan , Liu Mingming , Dong Lijun , Lin Mingli , Song Yuhang , Ouyang Mingyue , Huang Xiaoyu , Gao Yingxue , Yang Zixin , Zhang Yaolei , Wang Jiahao , Fan Guangyi , Li Songhai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBeaked whales have recently been reported in the South China Sea but with taxonomic uncertainty due to their ambiguous morphological features. Here, we sequenced three genetic markers, the control region (CR) and cytochrome b (cytb) of the mitochondrial genome and the first intron of the nuclear muscle actin gene ACTA2, of two biopsy samples collected in 2021, and revealed unambiguous clustering with sequences previously attributed to Deraniyagala's beaked whale (Mesoplodon hotaula). Phylogenetic analysis of complete mitogenomes strongly supported the close relationship between the Deraniyagala's beaked whale and the ginkgo‐toothed beaked whale (M. ginkgodens). Whole‐genome sequencing suggested a high degree of heterozygosity in the Deraniyagala's beaked whale. Ancient inbreeding may have had a greater impact than the recent inbreeding on Deraniyagala's beaked whales, but more samples are needed to draw a firm conclusion. The approximate effective population size of Deraniyagala's beaked whale was found lowest among seven examined ziphiids, which has been experiencing a steady decline since ~300,000 ya. Therefore, we suggest that the conservation status of Deraniyagala's beaked whales should be assessed when essential information is available. The results of our study provide genetic evidence of the live sighting of Deraniyagala's beaked whale in the South China Sea and are fundamental to understanding the morphological, behavioral, and ecological perspectives of this cetacean species.
Contrasting drought tolerance traits of woody plants is associated with mycorrhizal types at the global scale
Authors: Liu Xiaorong , Yu Kailiang , Liu Hui , Phillips Richard P. , He Pengcheng , Liang Xingyun , Tang Weize , Terrer César , Novick Kimberly A. , Bakpa Emily P. , Zhao Min , Gao Xinbo , Jin Yi , Wen Yin , Ye Qing 
Published: September 2024

Summary

It is well‐known that the mycorrhizal type of plants correlates with different modes of nutrient cycling and availability. However, the differences in drought tolerance between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) plants remains poorly characterized.

We synthesized a global dataset of four hydraulic traits associated with drought tolerance of 1457 woody species (1139 AM and 318 EcM species) at 308 field sites. We compared these traits between AM and EcM species, with evolutionary history (i.e. angiosperms vs gymnosperms), water availability (i.e. aridity index) and biomes considered as additional factors.

Overall, we found that evolutionary history and biogeography influenced differences in hydraulic traits between mycorrhizal types. Specifically, we found that (1) AM angiosperms are less drought‐tolerant than EcM angiosperms in wet regions or biomes, but AM gymnosperms are more drought‐tolerant than EcM gymnosperms in dry regions or biomes, and (2) in both angiosperms and gymnosperms, variation in hydraulic traits as well as their sensitivity to water availability were higher in AM species than in EcM species.

Our results suggest that global shifts in water availability (especially drought) may alter the biogeographic distribution and abundance of AM and EcM plants, with consequences for ecosystem element cycling and ultimately, the land carbon sink.