bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverse Engineering; Evaluating In-Place Volume From Reservoir Performance and Rock Properties in a Reservoir with Limited Well Spread
Authors: Adedoyin Orekoya , Chukwuemeka Onu , Olumide Ayeni , Carol Onita , Efeoghene Ori-Jesu , Iyegoe Igali , Ugboaja Remmy , Arochukwu Elias 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The evaluation of hydrocarbon in-place volumes in any reservoir depends principally on structural uncertainty, fluid contact as well as rock and fluid properties distribution. This paper focuses on integrated approaches used to estimate hydrocarbon in-place volumes in a reservoir with very limited well spread.
This study highlights the importance of carrying out further studies on our brown fields to re-evaluate the earlier estimated hydro-carbon Inplace volumes and its ultimate recovery by integrating historical information (performance data etc) and emerging development plan. About five wells have been drilled in the field and their penetrations are restricted to the eastern flank of the reservoirs. Well test data exist in some of the reservoirs and continuous BHP data were also taken in most of the producing reservoirs.
The Mangu field reservoir ‘A’ has over 10 years of production (with limited well spread and few producers). It has produced more than the initially estimated ultimate recovery, over 85% of its initially estimated in-place volumes. Hence the integrated technical team decided to to re-evaluate the in-place using performance-based information and re-evaluation of the expected ultimate recovery (Buckley Leverett Approach). The determination of hydrocarbon in-place volumes in Mangu field was also premised on the re-estimation and prediction of rock and fluid properties variation away from area of well penetrations.
In order to determine the average reservoir properties and their associated uncertainties as well as their use for in-place volumes estimation, multidisciplinary approaches have been applied and they include (a) evaluation of well by well logs & rock properties (b) generation of reservoir property maps (c) analysis of pressure and performance data and (d) Static/Dynamic modelling and (e) Determination of Recovery Factors using Buckley Leverett approach and use of Decline Curve Analysis.
The result of this study highlights the significance and impact of limited well data spread and its associated uncertainties on reservoir in-place volumes estimation and ultimate recovery determination. An integrated approach has helped to significantly reduce the uncertainties associated with in-place volumes estimation in the Mangu field thereby leading to a commercially viable and timely Field Development Plan.
Prasugrel hypersensitivity with respiratory distress and rash
Authors: Kaufman Michele B. , Pham Tammy , Parameswaran Lalitha , Choy Mary 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Purpose
An adverse drug reaction associated with the use of prasugrel for dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent placement is reported.

Summary
About one week after starting prasugrel use following angioplasty and a stent revision procedure, a 61-year-old woman arrived in the emergency department with wheezing, shortness of breath, a feeling of throat closure, and a widespread erythematous, maculopapular, pruritic rash. She reported that the respiratory symptoms had started to develop the previous day, with the onset of rash occurring about 24 hours after initiation of prasugrel therapy. The patient’s symptoms subsided after administration of 0.3 mg epinephrine subcutaneously, diphenhydramine 50 mg i.v., and methylprednisolone 125 mg i.v. Prasugrel was discontinued, and the patient was switched to another P2Y12 inhibitor (ticagrelor) for continued dual antiplatelet therapy. Analysis of the case using the adverse drug reaction probability scale of Naranjo et al. indicated that prasugrel was the probable cause of the hypersensitivity reaction. Hypersensitivity manifesting as a rash has been previously reported in patients receiving prasugrel, a thienopyridine P2Y12 inhibitor. Desensitization may be an option for thienopyridine-allergic patients undergoing PCI with stenting; alternatively, the nonthienopyridine P2Y12 inhibitor ticagrelor may be used in a dual antiplatelet therapy regimen.

Conclusion
A patient who had undergone PCI with stenting developed shortness of breath and rash associated with prasugrel therapy. Symptoms abated after supportive therapy and discontinuation of prasugrel, the probable offending agent. Treatment was safely switched to ticagrelor.
Rehabilitation of people with haemophilia. Part I – etiology of the disease, its clinical picture, changes in locomotor system, and conservative treatment
Authors: Jaszczur-Janus Izabela , Janus Andrzej , Wrzosek Zdzisława , Kuliszkiewicz-Janus Małgorzata 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHaemophilia is one of the most frequent bleeding diatheses. Patients with it suffer from numerous changes in locomotor system. Although properly conducted rehabilitation is the main component of proper treatment, inadequate knowledge about haemophilia may lead to the use of inappropriate therapy and be a source of danger for the patient group under discussion. In the first part of the series of articles about the problems of rehabilitation of haemophilic patients, the authors describe the aetiology of the disease, its clinical picture, elucidate the emergence of changes in the joints, and bring information on the substitution therapy.
Methods of blinding clinical trials in physiotherapy
Authors: Opara Józef , Kucio Cezary , Małecki Andrzej , Pilch Jan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBlinding of scientific clinical trials prevents the influence of subjective expectations of the participants on the results. It is done by ensuring their lack of knowledge whether they are administered a given medical technology or not. Blinding a randomised controlled clinical trial in physiotherapy is difficult, and sometimes impossible, in particular where the patient is aware of the procedure and experiences certain sensations during it, as in electrotherapy. Researchers were met halfway by the equipment manufacturers for physical therapy. Already there are magnetostimulation devices with a “placebo” setting being produces, and yellow light-bulbs to install in pilerotherapy lamps. Sham ultrasound can be used as placebo (by placing the transducer against the skin without turning on the device). Both in physical therapy and kinesiotherapy, it is possible to single-blind the trial - when one person performs the procedure, and someone else evaluates its results. It is advisable that the evaluator should not belong to the team performing treatment and therefore not know whether the patient received the intervention or placebo. Where it is impossible to either single- or double-blind the trial, an open-label trial may be employed. In this demonstrative-review article, the present-day capabilities of blinding clinical data in physiotherapy.
Pelvic floor muscle exercise as the best stress urinary incontinence prevention method in women practising competitive sport
Authors: Opara Józef A. , Socha Teresa , Poświata Anna 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExercises in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) cover Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises (PFME), also known in literature as Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) or Kegel exercises; isometric exercises, exercises of the abdominal and gluteal muscles and of the adductor of thigh, respiratory exercises carried out through the abdominal tract, exercises in water. In persons with urinary incontinence, the interaction between the pelvic floor muscles and the transverse abdominal muscle is impaired, suggesting a significant role of this muscle in urinary continence. Consequently, a moderate training, e.g. including exercises of Pilates method, may be part of the therapy. Stress urinary incontinence is a frequent occurrence among women practising competitive sport. In the review article we have presented the incidence of stress urinary incontinence in sportswomen, risk factors and physiotherapeutic treatment. We have paid specific attention to the prevention of stress urinary incontinence in female athletes.
Indigenous Trees and Forests: Contradictions, Conflict and Conservation in Natal and Zululand (1900-1960)
Authors: Witt Harald 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
At the turn of the nineteenth century, it was estimated that nine-tenths of the identified forests in Natal had been permanently alienated from the Crown through their incorporation into private lands and Native Trust Lands. The entrenchment of the political power of white land-owners in the twentieth century ensured that official attempts at restraining private land-owners from destroying indigenous forests on their lands were doomed to fail. Trust forests, as quasi state forests, were however, more accessible to Forestry officials, who remained convinced that the management and ultimately preservation of these forests could best be controlled and managed by themselves. This article examines the manner in which the conservation and administrative control of the various forests on Trust lands became the subject of dispute between various organs of the state in the first half of the twentieth century. This contestation was characterised, on one level, by a general shift from a conservationist and utilitarian approach in regard to the management of indigenous forests to one that was far more preservationist in definition while, at the same time, illustrating fierce administrative tensions between a relatively compassionate Department of Native Affairs and a Department of Forestry that subscribed to a more racialised agenda.
'Original Lords of the Soil'? The Erosion of Amerindian Territorial Rights in Guyana
Authors: Bulkan Janette 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The consequences of State claims to, and controls over, the territories of Guyana's Indigenous Peoples (Amerindians) are traced through successive Dutch and British colonial to post-Independence governments. From the mid-eighteenth century, a numerically small sugar plantocracy wielded influence within local government and ensured that colonial policy served its interests located on the coastland. Hinterland policies extended the capitalist approach to natural resources extraction and favoured the dominance of the small stratum of monied interests over the majority of Crown licences for forestry, mining and ranching, which were superimposed on claimed Indigenous lands. The colonial governments' approach to Amerindians was protectionist, but the Amerindian land rights were not codified in law. Authoritarian post-Independence governments have used the discretionary power in the legislative framework inherited from the colonial times to expand the numbers of, and areas covered by, logging and mining licences. The State is aided by the lack of a participatory reservation process for forests and/or a formal settlement process to determine and codify pre-existing customary rights of Indigenous Peoples, twin processes that were instituted in the majority of British colonies. Indigenous rights and privileges on their customary lands have been steadily eroded in law, policy and practice. Amerindians receive few economic benefits from natural resources operations on either their legally titled communal lands or customary lands.
Australian Aboriginal Traditions about Coastal Change Reconciled with Postglacial Sea-Level History: A First Synthesis
Authors: Nunn Patrick D. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Like some other oral traditions of Australian Aborigines, those that relate to widespread and enduring coastal inundation appear to be several thousand years old. The best-documented traditions, some mythologised, are presented for six sites around the Australian coast (Bathurst and Melville Islands, Northern Territory; Rottnest, Carnac and Garden Islands, Western Australia; Spencer Gulf, South Australia; Kangaroo Island, South Australia; Port Phillip Bay, Victoria; Cairns and Fitzroy Island, Queensland). The minimum depths at which each tradition would have been true is determined from local bathymetry. These depths are then compared to postglacial sea-level history and minimum ages for each tradition calculated. These range from 7,500-13,400 years Before Present and represent unique observations of postglacial sea-level rise and its effects that have significant implications for an appreciation of the longevity of such traditions in preliterate societies.
The Entangled Relations of Humans and Nile Crocodiles in Africa, c.1840-1992
Authors: Pooley Simon 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

The nature of European explorers' and hunters' perceptions of the wildlife they encountered during their travels, and how this shaped their responses to it, has been surprisingly little studied. This may in part be because of the wealth of primary material and the dearth of secondary sources. Animal studies has come of age in recent decades, with a focus on how humans have conceptualised and related to animals, but much of this new field concerns domesticated or captive animals and has tended towards philosophical, political and theoretical approaches. Yet there is much to be gained from a historical exploration of the abundant sources on Europeans' encounter with wildlife, notably during the height of colonial exploration and adventuring in Africa. This review focuses on the Nile crocodile (
Crocodylus niloticus
) in Africa. Crocodiles had a major impact on European travellers, elicited extreme reactions and reveal an irrational difference in attitudes to large mammalian predators, as opposed to reptilian. The oft-repeated statement that Nile crocodiles kill more humans and are more hated than any other predator (or even, all other predators) in Africa is still current. The expansion of human settlement and activities into the habitats of crocodiles and increasing demands on water supplies is resulting in escalating conflicts and some experts regard crocodiles as a 'growing threat to rural livelihoods and development'. If these important apex predators of the continent's waterways are to be conserved, then a good place to start then a good place to start is with an exploration of the long history of human-crocodile interactions that have shaped expert and public perceptions of crocodiles.
People in Peril, Environments at Risk: Coolies, Tigers, and Colonial Singapore's Ecology of Poverty
Authors: Powell Miles Alexander 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In recent years, scholars have demonstrated that affluent societies have a disproportionate environmental impact. A focus on wealth, however, can obscure how poverty also propels ecosystem destruction, particularly when combined - as in colonial Singapore - with uncaring administrators and the ruthless logic of imperialism. In this colony, poor Chinese, Malays, archipelagic South-east Asians and Indians struggled to eke out a living by razing rainforest, because they possessed no better options. As these workers struggled to transform forests into farms, houses and roads, they created an ecology of poverty that had catastrophic consequences for humans and tigers alike. Finding ever less forest in which to hide from humans, the mighty cats instead began to regard some people as prey. Unable to flee, poor Chinese, Malays, archipelagic South-east Asians and Indians sought to protect themselves by killing tigers. In the end, the humans vanquished the cats, but not without enduring hundreds of fatalities. Colonial Singapore's environmental history reminds us that the people who carry out the work of eradicating nature often do so because they possess limited alternatives for survival. As a corollary, caring for and protecting the environment is inseparable from aiding and respecting people.
A terahertz-vibration to terahertz-radiation converter based on gold nanoobjects: a feasibility study
Authors: Moldosanov Kamil , Postnikov Andrei 
Published: July 2016

Background: The need for practical and adaptable terahertz sources is apparent in the areas of application such as early cancer diagnostics, nondestructive inspection of pharmaceutical tablets, visualization of concealed objects. We outline the operation principle and suggest the design of a simple appliance for generating terahertz radiation by a system of nanoobjects – gold nanobars (GNBs) or nanorings (GNRs) – irradiated by microwaves.Results: Our estimations confirm a feasibility of the idea that GNBs and GNRs irradiated by microwaves could become terahertz emitters with photon energies within the full width at half maximum of the longitudinal acoustic phononic DOS of gold (ca. 16–19 meV, i.e., 3.9–4.6 THz). A scheme of the terahertz radiation source is suggested based on the domestic microwave oven irradiating a substrate with multiple deposited GNBs or GNRs.Conclusion: The size of a nanoobject for optimal conversion is estimated to be approx. 3 nm (thickness) by approx. 100 nm (length of GNB, or along the GNR). This detailed prediction is open to experimental verification. An impact is expected onto further studies of interplay between atomic vibrations and electromagnetic waves in nanoobjects.
DYNAMICAL ACCRETION OF PRIMORDIAL ATMOSPHERES AROUND PLANETS WITH MASSES BETWEEN 0.1 AND 5 M⊕ IN THE HABITABLE ZONE
Authors: Stökl Alexander , Dorfi Ernst A. , Johnstone Colin P. , Lammer Helmut 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
In the early, disk-embedded phase of evolution of terrestrial planets, a protoplanetary core can accumulate gas from the circumstellar disk into a planetary envelope. In order to relate the accumulation and structure of this primordial atmosphere to the thermal evolution of the planetary core, we calculated atmosphere models characterized by the surface temperature of the core. We considered cores with masses between 0.1 and 5 M
⊕ situated in the habitable zone around a solar-like star. The time-dependent simulations in 1D-spherical symmetry include the hydrodynamics equations, gray radiative transport, and convective energy transport. Using an implicit time integration scheme, we can use large time steps and and thus efficiently cover evolutionary timescales. Our results show that planetary atmospheres, when considered with reference to a fixed core temperature, are not necessarily stable, and multiple solutions may exist for one core temperature. As the structure and properties of nebula-embedded planetary atmospheres are an inherently time-dependent problem, we calculated estimates for the amount of primordial atmosphere by simulating the accretion process of disk gas onto planetary cores and the subsequent evolution of the embedded atmospheres. The temperature of the planetary core is thereby determined from the computation of the internal energy budget of the core. For cores more massive than about one Earth mass, we obtain that a comparatively short duration of the disk-embedded phase (∼105 years) is sufficient for the accumulation of significant amounts of hydrogen atmosphere that are unlikely to be removed by later atmospheric escape processes.
2D RADIATION-HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS OF SUPERNOVA SHOCK BREAKOUT IN BIPOLAR EXPLOSIONS OF A BLUE SUPERGIANT PROGENITOR
Authors: Suzuki Akihiro , Maeda Keiichi , Shigeyama Toshikazu 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
A two-dimensional special relativistic radiation-hydrodynamics code is developed and applied to numerical simulations of supernova shock breakout in bipolar explosions of a blue supergiant. Our calculations successfully simulate the dynamical evolution of a blast wave in the star and its emergence from the surface. Results of the model with spherical energy deposition show a good agreement with previous simulations. Furthermore, we calculate several models with bipolar energy deposition and compare their results with the spherically symmetric model. The bolometric light curves of the shock breakout emission are calculated by a ray-tracing method. Our radiation-hydrodynamic models indicate that the early part of the shock breakout emission can be used to probe the geometry of the blast wave produced as a result of the gravitational collapse of the iron core.
Outcomes of DES in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with Complex Coronary Artery Disease after Risk Stratification by the SYNTAX Score
Authors: Loutfi Mohamed , Sadaka Mohamed A. , Sobhy Mohamed 
Published: July 2016

Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of adverse outcomes after coronary revascularization. Controversy persists regarding the optimal revascularization strategy for diabetic patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD). Aim The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of drug-eluting stent (DES) insertion in DM and non-DM patients with complex coronary artery disease (CAD) after risk stratification by the percutaneous coronary intervention with taxus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score. Methods and Results We performed multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for 601 lesions in 243 DM patients and 1,029 lesions in 401 non-DM patients. All included patients had MVD and one or more lesions of type B2/C. The two-year outcomes and event rates were estimated in the DM and non-DM patients using Kaplan–Meier analyses. The baseline SYNTAX score was ≤22 in 84.8% vs. 84%, P = 0.804, and 23-32 in 15.2% vs. 16%, P = 0.804, of the DM and non-DM patients, respectively. The number of diseased segments treated (2.57 ± 0.75 vs. 2.47 ± 0.72; P = 0.066) and stents implanted per patient (2.41 ± 0.63 vs. 2.32 ± 0.54; P = 0.134) were similar in both groups. After a mean follow-up of 642 ± 175 days, there were no differences in the major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE; 26.7% vs. 20.9%; P = 0.091), composite end point of all-cause death/myocardial infarction (MI)/stroke (12.3% vs. 9%; P = 0.172), individual MACCE components of death (3.7% vs. 3.2%; P = 0.754), MI (6.6% vs. 4%; P = 0.142), and absence of stroke in the DM and non-DM patients. An increased need for repeat revascularization was observed in DM patients (18.5% vs. 10.2%; P = 0.003). In the multivariate analysis, DM was an independent predictor of repeat revascularization (hazard ratio: 1.818; 95% confidence interval: 1.162-2.843; P = 0.009). Conclusions DES implantation provides favorable early and mid-term results in both DM and non-DM patients undergoing PCI for complex lesions. After a mean follow-up of two years, DM and non-DM patients with complex CAD treated by PCI using new-generation DES showed no differences with regard to MACCE and other secondary end points. However, higher rates of ischemia-driven repeat revascularization were observed in DM patients.