bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Huprine X Attenuates The Neurotoxicity Induced by Kainic Acid, Especially Brain Inflammation
Authors: Relat Júlia , Pérez Belén , Camps Pelayo , Muñoz‐Torrero Diego , Badia Albert , Victòria Clos M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHuprine X (HX) is a synthetic anticholinesterasic compound that exerts a potent inhibitory action on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, an agonist effect on cholinergic receptors, neuroprotective activity in different neurotoxicity models in vivo and in vitro and cognition enhancing effects in non‐transgenic (C57BL/6) and transgenic (3xTg‐AD, APPswe) mice. In this study, we assessed the ability of HX (0.8 mg/kg, 21 days) to prevent the damage induced by kainic acid (KA; 28 mg/kg) regarding apoptosis, glia reactivity and neurogenesis in mouse brain. KA administration significantly modified the levels of pAkt1, Bcl2, pGSK3β, p25/p35, increased the glial cell markers and reduced the neurogenesis process. We also observed that pre‐treatment with HX significantly reduced the p25/p35 ratio and increased synaptophysin levels, which suggests a protective effect against apoptosis and an improvement of neuroplasticity. The increase in GFAP (88%) and Iba‐1 (72%) induced by KA was totally prevented by HX pre‐treatment, underlying a relevant anti‐inflammatory action of the anticholinesterasic drug. Our findings highlight the potential of HX, in particular, and of AChEIs, in general, to treat a number of diseases that course with both cognitive deficits and chronic inflammatory processes.
Gait and Balance Impairment after Acute Methanol Poisoning
Authors: Peterová Kamila , Brožová Hana , Klempíř Jiří , Lišková Irena , Bezdicek Ondřej , Ridzoň Petr , Vaněčková Manuela , Zakharov Sergej , Pelclová Daniela , Miovský Michal , Růžička Evžen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNeurological sequelae including gait impairment were reported in survivors after methanol intoxication; however, no systematic study has been published so far. We aimed to analyse gait and balance impairment in a group of Czech methanol poisoning survivors. We examined 43 patients (age 46 ± 13 years) 2–8 months after methanol poisoning and 43 healthy controls. Investigations contained a shortened version of Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), clinical tests of gait and balance including Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and gait analysis using GaitRite® system, neurological and neuropsychological examination, brain imaging, EMG and tests of alcohol consumption. Nineteen patients admitted balance and gait impairment according to FES. Mild to moderate parkinsonian signs showed seven patients. Patients were slower (8.8 versus 5.7 s, p < 0.001) and performed more steps (11.1 versus 7.9, p < 0.001) in TUG compared with the controls. Gait analysis revealed shorter step length (76.5 versus 88.7 cm, p < 0.001), increased double support phase (18.8 versus 15.5%, p < 0.001) and wider base of support (11.3 versus 9.6 cm, p = 0.006) in patients. Eleven patients had deficit of executive function and performed higher cadence compared to the patients with normal execution (122.7 versus 115.0 step/min., p = 0.025). Lower limb polyneuropathy was verified in nine patients, without relation with gait or balance parameters. Neuroimaging revealed lesions mainly in the basal ganglia. Methanol poisoning survivors presented slower wide‐based gait with shortened steps corresponding with frontal gait disorder. Higher stepping cadence associated with executive deficit supported the evidence of frontal lobe dysfunction related to impairment of basal ganglia and connections in frontal cortico‐basal ganglia loops.
The development of non‐essentialist concepts of ethnicity among children in a multicultural London community
Authors: Woods Ruth 
Published: July 2017

Ethnic constancy, the belief that a person cannot change ethnicity, is an important component of ethnic essentialism, the conviction that members of ethnic groups share an immutable underlying essence. Most children in previous research viewed ethnicity as increasingly immutable with age. However, some evidence suggests that children growing up in communities, which define ethnicity primarily in terms of changeable features (e.g., lifestyle) rather than fixed features (e.g., ancestry), may not follow this trajectory. This study examined ethnic constancy development in a community which defined ethnicity primarily in terms of changeable features. It was hypothesized that older children would view ethnicity as more changeable than younger children, but that because of personal investment which increases with age, children would view their own ethnicity as more stable than a peer's ethnicity, entailing a significant interaction between age and self–other. Ninety‐two children in three age groups (mean ages 7, 9, and 11 years) from a multicultural school in London were interviewed individually. Their ethnicities were 45% Indian, 16% English, 7% Pakistani, 7% Somali, 2% unknown, and 25% other. Children's explanations were analysed thematically. All hypotheses were supported. Children's conceptions of others’ ethnicity as changeable were supported by definitions focusing on religion, and by the concept of freedom of choice. This suggests that in a community in which ethnicity is primarily defined in terms of attributes which are seen as mutable (in this case, religion), children may not essentialize ethnicity. Still, ethnic change may rarely occur in practice due to an emotional commitment to one's own ethnic group.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?Most research finds that children develop concept of ethnicity as fixed and essential;But limited evidence of non‐essentialist developmental pathways for ethnicityFor gender, children assert constancy more for themselves than othersWhat does this study add?Evidence of developmental pathway to non‐essentializing, mutable concept of ethnicityEvidence that definitions of ethnicity centred on religion may encourage ethnic non‐essentialismChildren are more willing to embrace ethnic mutability for others than for themselves
Personal and situational predictors of everyday snacking: An application of temporal self‐regulation theory
Authors: Elliston Katherine G. , Ferguson Stuart G. , Schüz Benjamin 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThis study aims at testing predictions derived from temporal self‐regulation theory (TST) in relation to discretionary food choices (snacks). TST combines a motivational sphere of influence (cognitions and temporal valuations resulting in intentions) with a momentary sphere (encompassing social and physical environmental cues). This dual approach differs from current health behaviour theories, but can potentially improve our understanding of the interplay of personal and environmental factors in health behaviour self‐regulation.DesignA mixed event‐based and time‐based (Ecological Momentary Assessment) study in 61 adults aged between 18 and 64, with a BMI range between 18.34 and 39.78 (M = 25.66, SD = 4.82) over two weeks.MethodsParticipants recorded their food and drink intake for two weeks in real time using electronic diaries. Participants also responded to non‐consumption assessments at random intervals throughout each day. Momentary cues (individual, situational, and environmental factors) were assessed both during food logs and non‐consumption assessments. Motivational factors, past behaviour, and trait self‐regulation were assessed during baseline.ResultsMultilevel logistic regression analyses showed that across all snack types, environmental cues and negative affect were associated with an increased likelihood of snacking. Perceiving a cost of healthy eating to occur before eating was associated with an increased likelihood of snacking, whereas intentions and self‐regulation were not.ConclusionsDiscretionary food intake is largely guided by momentary cues, and motivational‐level factors, such as intention and self‐regulation, are less important in the initiation of discretionary food intake.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Overweight and obesity are a result of prolonged periods of energy imbalance between energy intake and expenditure (Hill & Peters, ). One of the key behavioural determinants of energy imbalances results from food intake, specifically from discretionary food choices (snacking). Temporal self‐regulation theory (Hall & Fong, ) takes into account both deliberate and momentary influences on health behaviour, which is especially relevant to exploring the drivers of snacking.

What does this study add?

Offers new insight into the application of TST in explaining momentary eating behaviours.

Snacking initiation is guided by momentary cues, not person‐level factors.

Dietary interventions should acknowledge the momentary cues that are associated with snacking.
Long‐term outcomes after acute primary angle closure of Caucasian chronic angle closure glaucoma patients
Authors: Fea Antonio Maria , Dallorto Laura , Lavia Carlo , Pignata Giulia , Rolle Teresa , Aung Tin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractImportanceThere is a lack of information about long‐term results of chronic angle closure glaucoma following an acute primary angle closure attack in Caucasian patients.PurposeThe aim of the study was to report morphological and functional long‐term data of chronic angle closure eyes following a monolateral primary angle closure attack and to provide a comparison with their fellow eyes.DesignObservational retrospective case series.ParticipantsFifty‐seven consecutive patients (114 eyes) underwent long‐term follow‐up analysis.MethodsPatients underwent ophthalmic assessment more than 5 years since the angle closure attack.Main Outcome MeasuresIntraocular pressure, best‐corrected visual acuity, angle assessment, vertical C/D ratio and standard automated perimetry were the main outcome measures. Comparisons were made between angle closure attack eyes and fellow eyes and between phakic and pseudophakic eyes.ResultsMean follow‐up time was 5.86 ± 1.19 years. A significant greater damage in the angle closure eyes compared with fellow eyes in both structural (mean C/D 0.61 ± 0.16; P < 0.001) and functional (mean deviation: −7.98 ± 6.46 vs. −4.83 ± 4.95 dB; P < 0.001) terms was present. Mean IOP was 13.44 ± 2.78 and 13.89 ± 2.60 mmHg in angle closure and fellow eyes (P = 0.11). Thirty of 57 (53%) fellow eyes developed chronic angle closure (mean deviation: −7.74 ± 5.21 dB) even if prophylactic iridotomy was promptly performed.Conclusion and RelevanceOur study prompts ophthalmologists to closely follow patients after an APAC attack to prevent potential glaucoma damage in both APAC and fellow eye.
CLUST: Simulating Realistic Crowd Behaviour by Mining Pattern from Crowd Videos
Authors: Zhao M. , Cai W. , Turner S. J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present a data‐driven approach to simulate realistic locomotion of virtual pedestrians. We focus on simulating low‐level pedestrians' motion, where a pedestrian's motion is mainly affected by other pedestrians and static obstacles nearby, and the preferred velocities of agents (direction and speed) are obtained from higher level path planning models. Before the simulation, collision avoidance processes (i.e. examples) are extracted from videos to describe how pedestrians avoid collisions, which are then clustered using hierarchical clustering algorithm with a novel distance function to find similar patterns of pedestrians' collision avoidance behaviours. During the simulation, at each time step, the perceived state of each agent is classified into one cluster using a neural network trained before the simulation. A sequence of velocity vectors, representing the agent's future motion, is selected among the examples corresponding to the chosen cluster. The proposed CLUST model is trained and applied to different real‐world datasets to evaluate its generality and effectiveness both qualitatively and quantitatively. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can generate realistic crowd behaviours with comparable computational cost.
Valsalva maneuver exacerbates left atrial compression in patients with large hiatal hernia
Authors: Naoum Christopher , Kritharides Leonard , Gnanenthiran Sonali R. , Martin David , Falk Gregory L. , Yiannikas John 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionHiatal hernia (HH) can cause left atrial (LA) compression and impair LA filling. We evaluated the cardiac effects of preload reduction and abdominal strain induced by Valsalva maneuver (VM) in large HH patients.MethodsLA and left ventricular (LV) dimensions were measured using 2D transthoracic echocardiography at rest and during VM in HH patients (n=55, 70±10 years) and controls (n=22, 67±6 years). Biplane LV volumes (n=39) and mitral inflow pulse‐wave Doppler parameters (n=27) were also evaluated. In HH patients, resting LA compression was graded qualitatively (none‐mild or moderate‐severe).ResultsIn both controls and HH patients, VM significantly decreased LA (controls, 19±2 vs 16±3 mm/m2; HH, 16±5 vs 9±5 mm/m2) and LV diameters (22±3 vs 19±3 mm/m2; 21±3 vs 17±3 mm/m2) and LV volume (38±8 vs 26±10 mL/m2; 31±8 vs 19±9 mL/m2) (P<.001 for all). VM decreased LA diameter significantly more in HH patients than controls (−42% vs −16%, P<.001). HH patients with none‐mild resting LA compression exhibited significantly greater LA diameter reduction than controls (−38±23% vs −16±13% P=.0003) despite similar resting LA diameters. LV volumes were similarly decreased by VM in HH patients and controls irrespective of resting LA compression severity indicating relative preservation of LV filling. LA diameter correlated inversely with early diastolic filling velocity during VM in HH patients (R=−.43, P=.03) but not controls (R=.18, P=.43).ConclusionVM can markedly exacerbate LA compression in HH patients; however, LV filling is relatively less affected possibly due to augmented early diastolic filling. Conditions associated with decreased preload and increased intra‐abdominal pressure may exacerbate the cardiac effects of large HH.
Frege on Syntax, Ontology, and Truth's Pride of Place
Authors: Johnston Colin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFrege's strict alignment between his syntactic and ontological categories is not, as is commonly assumed, some kind of a philosophical thesis. There is no thesis that proper names refer only to objects, say, or that what refers to an object is a proper name. Rather, the alignment of categories is internal to Frege's conception of what syntax and ontology are. To understand this, we need to recognise the pride of place Frege assigns within his theorising to the notion of truth. For both language and the world, the Fregean categories are logical categories, categories, that is, of truth. The elaboration of this point makes clear the incoherence of supposing that they might not align.
Decreased levels of active uPA and KLK8 assessed by [111In]MICA‐401 binding correlate with the seizure burden in an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Missault Stephan , Peeters Lore , Amhaoul Halima , Thomae David , Van Eetveldt Annemie , Favier Barbara , Thakur Anagha , Van Soom Jeroen , Pitkänen Asla , Augustyns Koen , Joossens Jurgen , Staelens Steven , Dedeurwaerdere Stefanie 
Published: July 2017

SummaryObjectiveUrokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) and kallikrein‐related peptidase 8 (KLK8) are serine proteases that contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling after brain injury. They can be labelled with the novel radiotracer [111In]MICA‐401. As the first step in exploring the applicability of [111In]MICA‐401 in tracing the mechanisms of postinjury ECM reorganization in vivo, we performed in vitro and ex vivo studies, assessing [111In]MICA‐401 distribution in the brain in two animal models: kainic acid–induced status epilepticus (KASE) and controlled cortical impact (CCI)–induced traumatic brain injury (TBI).MethodsIn the KASE model, in vitro autoradiography with [111In]MICA‐401 was performed at 7 days and 12 weeks post‐SE. To assess seizure burden, rats were monitored using video‐electroencephalography (EEG) for 1 month before the 12‐week time point. In the CCI model, in vitro autoradiography was performed at 4 days and ex vivo autoradiography at 7 days post‐TBI.ResultsAt 7 days post‐SE, in vitro autoradiography revealed significantly decreased [111In]MICA‐401 binding in hippocampal CA3 subfield and extrahippocampal temporal lobe (ETL). In the chronic phase, when animals had developed spontaneous seizures, specific binding was decreased in CA3 and CA1/CA2 subfields of hippocampus, dentate gyrus, ETL, and parietal cortex. Of interest, KASE rats with the highest frequency of seizures had the lowest hippocampal [111In]MICA‐401 binding (r = −0.76, p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, at 4 days post‐TBI, in vitro [111In]MICA‐401 binding was significantly decreased in medial and lateral perilesional cortex and ipsilateral dentate gyrus. Ex vivo autoradiography at 7 days post‐TBI, however, revealed increased tracer uptake in perilesional cortex and hippocampus, which was likely related to tracer leakage due to blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption.SignificanceStrong association of reduced [111In]MICA‐401 binding with seizure burden in the KASE model suggests that analysis of reduced levels of active uPA/KLK8 represents a novel biomarker candidate to be explored as a biomarker for epilepsy severity. However, limited BBB permeability of [111In]MICA‐401 currently limits its application in vivo.
Associations Between Economic Pressure and Diabetes Efficacy in Couples with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Novak Joshua R. , Anderson Jared R. , Johnson Matthew D. , Walker Ann , Wilcox Allison , Lewis Virginia L. , Robbins David C. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore dyadic associations between economic pressure and diabetes self‐efficacy via emotional distress in patients with type 2 diabetes and their partners.BackgroundUnderstanding how economic pressure is associated with successful diabetes management is an important area for research, as couples with type 2 diabetes can incur heavy economic pressures that could likely influence diabetes outcomes.MethodData from 117 married couples were used to test actor–partner associations using moderated mediation analyses in a structural equation modeling framework. Problem‐solving communication was tested as a possible moderator of the economic pressure–emotional distress pathway.ResultsResults revealed that greater patient economic pressure was associated with lower patient and spouse confidence in the patient's diabetes management ability through higher levels of patient emotional distress. The deleterious association between economic pressure and emotional distress was less pronounced when spouses reported more effective problem‐solving communication.ConclusionThese results provide evidence that the economic pressure couples with type 2 diabetes face may reduce the patient and spouse's confidence in the patient's diabetes management ability.ImplicationsThis study demonstrates the importance of couple's relationship processes in buffering the impact of economic pressure on diabetes management, providing a clear target for intervention and education efforts.
A method for assessing critical plane‐based multiaxial fatigue damage models
Authors: Iftikhar S.H. , Albinmousa J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFatigue failure is a complex phenomenon. Therefore, development of a fatigue damage model that considers all associated complexities resulting from the application of different cyclic loading types, geometries, materials, and environmental conditions is a challenging task. Nevertheless, fatigue damage models such as critical plane‐based models are popular because of their capability to estimate life mostly within ±2 and ±3 factors of life for smooth specimens. In this study, a method is proposed for assessing the fatigue life estimation capability of different critical plane‐based models. In this method, a subroutine was developed and used to search for best estimated life regardless of critical plane assumption. Therefore, different fatigue damage models were evaluated at all possible planes to search for the best life. Smith‐Watson‐Topper (normal strain‐based), Fatemi‐Socie (shear strain‐based), and Jahed‐Varvani (total strain energy density‐based) models are compared by using the proposed assessment method. The assessment is done on smooth specimen level by using the experimental multiaxial fatigue data of 3 alloys, namely, AZ31B and AZ61A extruded magnesium alloys and S460N structural steel alloy. Using the proposed assessment method, it was found that the examined models may not be able to reproduce the experimental lives even if they were evaluated at all physical planes.
Residential age care and domiciliary oral health services: Reach‐OHT—The development of a metropolitan oral health programme in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Wright F.A. Clive , Law Garry , Chu Steven K.‐Y. , Cullen John S. , Le Couteur David G. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo describe an oral health care programme for older people in Residential Aged Care Facilities (RACFs) to improve access to care and support facilities.IntroductionDifferent models of residential care have been proposed, but few have been comprehensive (providing on‐site health promotion and service delivery) or sustainable.MethodsA partnership model of oral health care, with dental services plus oral health education, was integrated into the community outreach services of a metropolitan hospital department of aged care. The programme provided annual oral health education and training to staff, and on‐site dental care to 10 (RACFs).ResultsNone of the RACFs had received organised education or on‐site dental service care prior to the programme. At the completion of the third year of the programme, 607 residents (75% of the total bed capacity for the 10 RACFs) had received an annual oral health assessment, and 271 (46.5%) had received on‐site dental care. More than 120 nursing and allied health staff had received education and training in oral health support to residents. Oral cleanliness, the proportion not experiencing dental pain and referral for additional care decreased significantly over the period, but dental caries experience and periodontal conditions remained a concern.ConclusionsSustainable domiciliary oral health services and oral health education are feasible and practical using a partnership model within the Australian health system. Adaptability, continuity and the use of oral health therapists/dental hygienists in the coordination and management of the programme further contribute to viability.