bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catullus and the Brothel-Creepers:Carmen37
Authors: Watson Lindsay 
Published: July 2016

Salax taberna vosque contubernales,a pilleatis nona fratribus pila,solis putatis esse mentulas vobis,solis licere, quidquid est puellarum,confutuere et putare ceteros hircos? 5an, continenter quod sedetis insulsicentum an ducenti, non putatis ausurumme una ducentos irrumare sessores?atqui putate: namque totius vobisfrontem tabernae sopionibus scribam. 10puella nam mi, quae meo sinu fugit,amata tantum quantum amabitur nulla,pro qua mihi sunt magna bella pugnata,consedit istic. hanc boni beatiqueomnes amatis, et quidem, quod indignum est, 15omnes pusilli et semitarii moechi;tu praeter omnes une de capillatis,cuniculosae Celtiberiae fili,Egnati, opaca quem bonum facit barbaet dens Hibera defricatus urina. 20Randy tavern and you tavern-men, nine pillars from the cap-clad brothers, do you think that you alone have pricks, that you alone are permitted comprehensively to fuck whatever girls there are and to consider the rest of us goats? Do you really think that, because you sit there, silly fools, one hundred or maybe two hundred in a row, I won't dare to mouth-fuck you as you sit there, all of you at once? Well, you had better believe it. For I will inscribe the front of the whole tavern for you with obscene graffiti. For my girl, who has fled from my embrace, beloved by me as no other woman will be loved, for whom great wars have been fought by me, has taken her seat there with you. Her all you great and rich men love, and – what is shameful – all of you cheap back-street lechers: you above all, you outstanding member of the long-haired crew, son of bunny-infested Celtiberia, Egnatius, to whom a thick beard and his teeth brushed in Spanish urine give respectability.
The Consular Elections held in 65 B.C.
Authors: Gray E. W. 
Published: July 2016

In 66 B.C. P. Cornelius Sulla and P. Autronius Paetus, consuls designate for the following year, were convicted of ambitus under the Lex Calpurnia and their accusers, L. Aurelius Cotta and L. Manlius Torquatus, were elected to fill their place and entered office as consuls on 1 January, 65.It has often been noted that the Chronographer of A.D. 354 differs from all other sources, literary and epigraphical, in recording not Cotta and Torquatus but Sulla and Paetus as consuls for 65. Anyone familiar with the idiosyncrasies of the Chronographer and aware of the close connexion between his list of consuls of the Republic and that of the Fasti Capitolini will be unlikely to contest the validity of the inference that for the year 65 the Fasti Capitolini recorded first the names of the two men originally designated, then the fact of their condemnation (before entering office) and their replacement by Cotta and Torquatus, who entered office on 1 January 65 strictly speaking as consules suffecti, not ordinarii.
Fidus Interpres: The Theory and Practice of Translation in Classical Antiquity
Authors: Kytzler Bernhard 
Published: July 2016

‘One of the unwritten chapters in the literary history of antiquity is that providing a comprehensive account of (ancient) translation.’ This statement still holds true after 20 years, and so this study will inevitably lack completeness; all it can aim at is to try to give an outline of what one might consider to be the most important issues concerning our theme.To underline the vast quantity of material concerning our topic we might refer to a list entitled ‘Greek works translated into Latin before 1350’. This list is restricted to philosophical works only, omitting all other fields such as medicine, law, mathematics, theology, and liturgy. Nevertheless even this limited list gives the names of no less than 119 authors whose philosophical works in Greek were translated into Latin; the space needed for Aristotle alone runs to more than five pages. Thus it is easy to estimate what an enormous number of Latin translations there were, and what countless efforts must have been taken over more than one and a half millennia for this kind of literary work. One may add that there is a very helpful collection of some 90 testimonia covering the time of St. Augustine, in the book of Heinrich Marti, Übersetzer der Augustin-Zeit. There is also the basic study of Jiȓi Levỳ, which deals with modern theory, and outlines all the problems and all the facts of the art of translation.
A Neglected Sense of μέρος
Authors: Lee J.A.L. 
Published: July 2016

The use of μέρος in the sense of ‘side’ has long been recognized in the Septuagint. This sense is beyond doubt in numerous passages, as for example Ex. 32. 15 πλάκες λίθιναι καταγεγραμμέναι έξ αμφοτέρων τῶν μερῶν αυτῶν. In none of these can it be attributed to Hebraism.It is also recognized in the NT in Eυ. Jo. 21.6 βάλετε εἰṽ τὰ δεξιὰ μέρη του πλοίου τò δίκτυον, and several times in other early Christian literature (Hermas and Eυ. Petr.).
Horace, Odes i 12. 33-6: A Reply
Authors: Treloar A. 
Published: July 2016

My suggested interpretation of Horace, Odes i 12. 35 has been severely criticized by Professor Jocelyn. I therefore welcome the opportunity to reply.J. himself agrees that the ancient scholars could not agree which King Tarquin was intended (68 and n. 1): this at least leaves open the possibility that some third Tarquin was meant. This was the possibility I sought to investigate.J. further agrees that the structure of the whole ode must be considered in interpreting any particular stanza (68, I), but rejects my belief in the triadic structure of this ode, which is not peculiar to this ode and has the support of the majority of Horatian scholars. He offers no alternative analysis of the whole poem.
Formulation of Broiler Finishing Rations by Quadratic Programming
Authors: Miller Bill R. , Arraes Ronaldo A. , Pesti Gene M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLeast cost feed mix by linear programming (LP) is a standard economic analysis in the poultry industry. A significant body of nutrition knowledge is now contained in the constraint set of industry LP models. This knowledge might be merged into an improved economic model that contains production response information. Analysis using a quadratic programming model indicated that a leading broiler firm could have improved economic efficiency by increasing protein density and reducing energy density of broiler finisher feed. If applicable industry wide, similar savings could be as high as $120 million per year.
Nonfarm Investors and Beef Breeding Herds- -Incentives and Consequences
Authors: Harrison Virden L. , Woods W. Fred 
Published: July 2016

Tax dollars the Government deliberately waives should be viewed as a form of expenditure and weighted against the priority of other expenditures. When the preference device provides more social benefit than Government collection and spending, that “incentive” should be expanded; when the preference is inefficient or subject to abuse, it should be ended.Richard M. Nixon Message Regarding Tax Reform April 21, 1969
The Opportunity Cost of Protecting Cropping History
Authors: Harwell R. Lynn , Strickland P. Leo 
Published: July 2016

Farmers are continually faced with the necessity to make farm management decisions which have economic consequences. Often the situation occurs wherein the farmer has little information upon which to base a decision. The situation may be forced on the farmer so that a no action decision also has economic importance. Also, as is the case in a dynamic society, a decision made now can have repercussions in years to come.For many years, some type of government farm program has been in effect for many farm commodities. Most of these programs have been designed so that a farmer's decision to participate could be made on a year to year basis. Production decisions could be made independently with a decision not to participate in a given year having no effect on the choice or level of participation available in subsequent years.
The Welfare Reform Bill and its Effects in the South
Authors: White Gerald B. , Long Burl F. 
Published: July 2016

“The majority of Americans now living in comfortable circumstances should become better off, not worse off, as a result of such a (redistribution) policy. To get this dynamic thought understood and widely accepted is the major task for all who would enlighten public opinion in America”.The number of Americans living in poverty increased by an estimated 1.2 million during 1969 and 1970, reversing the downward trend in numbers of poor registered through the 1960's. It seems a paradox that 12 percent of our citizens live in poverty in a trillion dollar economy. The grossly unequal distribution of income is illustrated by the fact that average annual after-tax personal income was $3,098 per person in 1970. Yet, 25 million lived below the 1970 poverty level, defined as $3,944 for a family of four. Roughly speaking, those living in poverty existed on incomes of less than one-third of the national per capita level. This paper is not concerned with the highly skewed distribution of personal income, but is directed to the effects on those living below or near the officially defined poverty level.
Discussion: Economic Research Trade-Offs Between Equity and Efficiency
Authors: Tweeten Luther 
Published: July 2016

I applaud Quentin West for what he said in his paper and commend him for the directions he had outlined for the Economic Research Service. If there was a time when economists could ignore the equity dimension in their analysis, it is no more. The agricultural establishment, largely uncritical lovers of traditional agricultural research and education, and the young radicals, largely unloving critics exemplified by Hard Tomatoes -- Hard Times, hold very different images of who pays for and who benefits from publicly supported agricultural research and education. Differences will not be resolved without better information in the hands of both groups.It would be hard to quarrel with the thrust of ERS analysis reported by West for Tobacco and other programs. So I will deal with his shortcomings of omission rather than commission. Specifically, I will quantify the distribution of costs and benefits from agricultural research and education.
Rural Housing Needs and Barriers: The Case of Central Appalachia
Authors: Deaton Brady J. , Hanrahan Charles E. 
Published: July 2016

The nation's housing needs are a subject of major public concern – and rightfully so. The 1970 Census revealed 2.5 million substandard houses in nonmetropolitan areas inhabited by almost 13 million people. Two earlier major government reports presented a picture of unfulfilled housing needs, and the pervasive social, economic, political and institutional obstacles to meeting these needs.Unfortunately, despite the pressing nature of substandard housing illuminated in these reports, few researchers have responded with serious analysis of the problem. Only passing attention to housing needs was given by the President's Poverty Commission, even though the quality of housing is widely recognized as a key indicator of economic development and the quality of living.
Alternatives to the Local Property Tax for Educational Finance
Authors: Hady Thomas F. 
Published: July 2016

If we could get a nickel for every time the demise of the property tax has been predicted in this century, we probably could invest the proceeds and use the interest to finance a program of property tax reform. In a sense, this subject is old.In another sense, however, there is something very new about discussing alternative ways of raising money for local governments. In August 1971, the California Supreme Court issued its decision in the now well-known case of Serrano v. Priest; in March 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned a similar ruling by a lower court in Texas. The Court ruled that the present system of financing local schools in California, which relies heavily on the property tax, unconstitutionally “conditions the full entitlement to such interest on wealth, classifies its recipients on the basis of their collective affluence and makes the quality of a child's education depend upon the resources of his school district and ultimately upon the pocketbook of his parents.” Since that time, more than 50 similar suits have been filed in some 31 states, and the U.S. Supreme Court is reviewing an appeal from Texas in a case similar to Serrano.
An Investment Analysis of Vocational Programs Offered in Missouri Junior Colleges
Authors: Osburn Donald D. , Richardson W.B. 
Published: July 2016

Administrators of the public junior colleges in Missouri are faced with two major problems. First, there is an increasing number of students demanding post-secondary education. Second, apathy of voters and legislators toward financial support of our educational institutions is increasing. A study entitled Missouri Public Junior Colleges: A Report to the People revealed that in 1960 there were approximately 600,000 students enrolled in two-year institutions of higher education in the United States. The report further stated that in 1971 the enrollments would climb to 2,000,000 and that by 1980 the projected enrollments would approximate 4.4 million. This predicted growth pattern has been observed in Missouri with the enrollments increasing by approximately 20 percent per year.The report cited above also confirms the second major problem as state aid for Missouri junior colleges has been decreasing over the past few years. Voter apathy, although more evident in secondary schools, is a force that can affect the junior college as programs are expanded to meet the increasing student demand.
A Simultaneous Equation Model of the Economic-Ecologic System in Citrus Groves
Authors: Lee Jonq-Ying , Langham Max R. 
Published: July 2016

In 1964, 89 percent of the citrus acreage in the U.S. was treated with pesticides. The percentage increased to 97 percent in 1966. Total expenditures for pesticides during the two years were 13.8 and 21.3 million dollars, respectively. Expenditures on a per acre basis were $12.74 and $18.82, respectively, in these years. The trend in pesticide use on citrus pest control has been upward.The increased usage indicates that pesticides are recognized by growers as important inputs to increase output and/or improve fruit quality. The negative side effects of pesticides on the environment are also being increasingly recognized.
Markov Intertemporal Land Use Simulation Model
Authors: Burnham Bruce O. 
Published: July 2016

The simulation model discussed in this paper evolved from problems encountered in estimating future United States cropland availability as part of the OBERS agricultural projection system. Available literature describing land use changes indicate that land resource economists have not been concerned with projecting future patterns of land use implied by historic observations.Some research has involved selection of optimum cropping patterns for agricultural cropland subject to alternative flood plain management policies. However, the broader application of such models between sectors (agriculture, industrial, urban, etc.), in the main, has been ignored. Because of “historical bias” there has not been a concerted effort to develop analytical capabilities for use in evaluating the future implications of alternative regional and/or national policies designed to alter trends in land use shifts.
Farm Programs, Pesticide Use, and Social Costs
Authors: Richardson James W. 
Published: July 2016

Environmentalists attack agricultural pesticides because of adverse drift effects during application, run-off into streams and persistence in the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has banned DDT and currently is considering cancellation of its registration of mirex, 2,4,5,-T, and dieldrin.Emotionalism rather than economics appears to be guiding environmental groups in their fight against pesticides. As agriculture's pesticide use comes under more and more pressure from the public, U.S. farm programs are likely to come under attack because they may have encouraged farmers to substitute pesticides for cropland. The “farm program” for the past decade has restricted acres planted and supported prices of agricultural products. Acreage controls encourage farmers to substitute variable inputs for limited cropland to take advantage of support prices.
Estimating the Investment Behavior of Farm Firms Using the Concept of Rational Distributed Lag Functions
Authors: Trevena Billy J. , Keller Luther H. 
Published: July 2016

This study grew out of the need for a more realistic notion concerning the investment behavior of the individual farm firm. Once a stable investment behavior function is identified, it can be incorporated into dynamic growth models to describe and predict farm firm growth. Considerable effort has been devoted to estimating the appropriate investment behavior function for industrial corporations; however, a search of the literature revealed no estimates of such a function for individual farm firms.The purpose of this study was to estimate the investment behavior function for individual farm firms using the concept of rational distributed lag functions developed by Jorgenson to approximate the time structure of the investment process. To do this, a class of rational distributed lag functions was imposed on a multiple regression equation to obtain the lag distribution that best describes the time path of the investment response to changes in desired capital.
Psychic Costs and Factor Price Equalization
Authors: Morgan Larry C. , Deaton Brady J. 
Published: July 2016

There has been some perplexity among economists over the failure of interregional wage differentials to approach zero over time in an economy characterized by labor mobility. Johnson [7], and Sjaastad [14], among others, have hypothesized declining wage differentials among regions and have puzzled over contrary empirical results. It has generally been assumed that labor will flow toward regions paying the highest wage rate. This equilibrating framework has dominated economic thought on this problem area and has directed research along narrow market-oriented lines.The hypothesis of this paper is that nonmarket considerations, specifically psychic costs, are a major force in preventing a market-directed flow of human resources. Moreover, “nonoptimal” allocation of human resources results from differences in workers' perceptions of utility between various regions.
Consumer Acceptance of Forage Finished Beef
Authors: Schupp Alvin , Smith David 
Published: July 2016

Consumer acceptance of Choice, grain-finished beef has been attested in millions of American homes. Abundant feed grain and feeder calf supplies has made it possible for almost all Americans to purchase and consume feedlot beef.Consumer acceptance of any product, however, can be changed when input substitutions in production are made. For various reasons, livestock producers may feel justified in changing inputs before analyzing an effect on the product or its demand. An example of input substitution occurred in mid-1974, when some beef producers began to market beef for slaughter directly from forage (or limited-grain) diets rather than after normal full-grain feeding. Consumer acceptance of forage-finished and limited-grain finished beef was uncertain at that time, particularly among customers of large supermarkets accustomed to Choice grade beef.
Flood Insurance as a Component of Land Use Management
Authors: Lacewell Ronald D. , McNeely John G. 
Published: July 2016

Floods will continue to cause damage as long as development continues upon flood-prone lands. Inevitably, flooding occurs, damage ensues and there is personal suffering and loss. A burden of rescue and relief operations falls on all taxpayers.Flood control projects cannot protect against all damage, and not all flood hazard areas are amenable to flood control projects. An alternative to continued construction of engineering works for flood protection is flood plain management. To be effective, this must be brought about through political and legal means. Its purposes are to minimize the consequences of flooding and to achieve, in the long run, an optimum use of the flood plains.
Market Area Sensitivity as a Measure of Railroad-Barge Competition in the Oklahoma-Kansas Wheat Transportation Market
Authors: Johnson Marc A. , Mennem Gary M. 
Published: July 2016

New directions in national transportation policy have rekindled interest in transportation market structure. The Department of Transportation policy goal to equalize competitive opportunities between modes requires greater understanding of intermodal competitiveness in terms of inherent advantages of each mode in serving particular transportation markets. Flexible railroad ratemaking in the absence of market dominance, provided for in the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976, requires measures of intermodal competitiveness to define market dominance.This article serves two purposes. The first is to develop market area sensitivity as a tool for distinguishing competitive from noncompetitive transportation market structures.
University Outlook Programs: A Review and Some Suggestions
Authors: Harris H. M. 
Published: July 2016

Conducting an outlook program appears to be simple. The aim of outlook is to accurately predict future economic conditions and to rapidly disseminate this information to producers, agribusiness firms and/or consumers, to help them make intelligent production, purchasing and marketing decisions. But those involved know that the appearance of simplicity in conducting an outlook effort is deceiving. Outlook work is frustrating—sometimes gratifying-just as often, humiliating.The focus here is upon outlook programs in agricultural economics department of the land-grant universities. The role of USDA in outlook work is discussed only in the context of its support of state efforts.
An Examination of the Trend in Industrial Dispersion in Oklahoma From 1963 Through 1974
Authors: Blalock M. Gale , Doeksen Gerald A. 
Published: July 2016

Descriptive data have been used to show how industrial job creation is growing faster in nonmetro areas than in metro areas. For example, Haren [5] and Till [11] describe industrial decentralization in the 60s. Janssen and Tweeten [7] illustrate how the trend has continued into the 70s. In Oklahoma, Childs and Doeksen [1] report on how industry has decentralized from 1963 through 1971.The objective of this paper is to examine and statistically test the dispersion of new manufacturing jobs with respect to size of community in Oklahoma from 1963 through 1974. Previous studies have either been descriptive or have used some measure of dispersion, such as entropy, without statistically testing the results.
Comment: Agricultural Economics Research and Extension Needs of Small-Scale, Limited-Resource Farmers
Authors: Perry Ben L. 
Published: July 2016

West is to be commended for (1) the organization of his discussion, (2) the careful delineation of the research areas, (3) the thoroughness of his research and the excellent documentation of the research efforts of social scientists in treating the problem/s of the small-farm operator, and (4) the development of a means-end schema of “what is,” “what ought to be” with implications for future research, programs, and public policy.As West indicates, there is need for a redefinition of small farm. The $20,000 gross sales limit is inadequate. Most definitions do not include the value added of products produced and consumed by the family. Some states, for example Florida, use figures much lower than $20,000 to characterize small farms. The distinction between full-time and part-time farmers and their incomes is not clearly delineated. A national concern should be the redefinition of the term, “small farm.” Heterogeneous characteristics of small farms should not inhibit the generation of profile information by geographic regions.