bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New intermediate‐stage subclassification for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Kim Jin Hyoung , Shim Ju Hyun , Lee Han Chu , Sung Kyu‐Bo , Ko Heung‐Kyu , Ko Gi‐young , Gwon Dong Il , Kim Jong Woo , Lim Young‐Suk , Park Seong Ho 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground & AimThe need for a subclassification of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) intermediate‐stage (BCLC B) has arisen because of its diversity. We evaluated the prognostic capability of the BCLC B subclassification proposed by Bolondi et al. in patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Furthermore, we introduce a new subclassification for intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by using a new parameter related to tumour burden (up‐to‐11 criteria).MethodsOf 3268 patients treated with TACE as first‐line treatment, 821 patients with intermediate‐stage HCC were included in this study.ResultsAccording to the Bolondi subclassification, 208 (25.3%), 529 (64.5%), 43 (5.2%) and 41 (5%) patients were in B1, B2, B3 and B4 respectively. The B1, B2 and B3 subclasses in the Bolondi system showed significantly different survival between contiguous stages with median survival of 51.5, 26 and 14.8 months, respectively (both P<.001 for B1 vs B2 and B2 vs B3); however, survival was rather worse in B3 than B4 (14.8 vs 25 months, P=.025). According to the newly proposed subclassification, 410 (50%), 364 (44.3%) and 47 (5.7%) patients were in B1, B2 and B3 respectively. The median survival progressively decreased from B1 (44.8 months) to B2 (21.5 months) and B3 (11.3 months), with a significant difference between contiguous stages (both P<.001 for B1 vs B2 and B2 vs B3).ConclusionsOur new BCLC B substaging system, with up‐to‐11 criteria and Child‐Pugh class as main parameters, has excellent discriminatory power to subclassify TACE‐treated patients into three prognostic substages.
NAFLD in clinical practice: Can simple blood and anthropometric markers be used to detect change in liver fat measured by 1H‐MRS?
Authors: Keating Shelley E. , Parker Helen M. , Hickman Ingrid J. , Gomersall Sjaan R. , Wallen Matthew P. , Coombes Jeff S. , Macdonald Graeme A. , George Jacob , Johnson Nathan A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsResearch in NAFLD management is commonly based on quantitative assessment of liver fat by proton‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS), and translation of this into clinical practice is currently limited by availability and expense. Novel steatosis biomarkers have been proposed for the prediction of liver fatness; however, whether these are suitable for detecting changes in liver fat is unknown. We aimed to determine the accuracy of these indices, and waist circumference (WC), in quantifying longitudinal change in 1H‐MRS‐quantified liver fat.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis using data from 97 overweight/obese adults (age: 39.7±11.5 years, body mass index: 30.7±4.4 kg/m2, liver fat: 6.0±4.8%, 65% male) who completed either an 8‐week exercise or 12‐week nutraceutical intervention, with varying degrees of change in liver fat. Baseline and post‐intervention measures were liver fat (1H‐MRS), NAFLD Liver Fat Score, Liver Fat Equation (LFE), Fatty Liver Index (FLI), Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and WC.ResultsOnly the change in HSI, FLI and WC was associated with change in liver fat; however, correlations were weak to moderate. There was no agreement between the LFE and 1H‐MRS for detecting liver fat change. Only change in WC significantly affected change in liver fat (P<.001), and WC AUROC for the presence of steatosis was 0.65 and 0.78 for men and women respectively.ConclusionsNovel indices are limited in their ability to detect longitudinal change in liver fat. Waist circumference may offer modest utility as a surrogate to infer liver fat change with lifestyle interventions.
Non‐invasive tests for liver disease severity and the hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis B patients with low‐level viremia
Authors: Paik Namyoung , Sinn Dong H. , Lee Ji H. , Oh In S. , Kim Jung H. , Kang Wonseok , Gwak Geum‐Youn , Paik Yong‐Han , Choi Moon S. , Lee Joon H. , Koh Kwang C. , Paik Seung W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsWe tested whether non‐invasive tests for liver disease severity can stratify hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐infected patients showing low‐level viremia (LLV, HBV DNA <2000 IU/mL).MethodsA retrospective cohort of 1006 chronic hepatitis B patients showing persistently LLV, defined by at least two consecutive assessments in the year before enrolment, was assessed for HCC development. Two non‐invasive serum biomarkers, the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and the Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4), were tested. Cirrhosis was defined with ultrasonography.ResultsDuring a median 5.1 years of follow‐up, HCC developed in 36 patients. HCC incidence rate at 5 years was significantly higher for cirrhotic patients (19/139, 13.7%), but was not null for non‐cirrhotic patients (17/867, 2.0%, P<.001). APRI at a cut‐off of 0.5 was more specific but less sensitive for HCC development, and FIB‐4 at a cut‐off of 1.45 was more sensitive but less specific. When both APRI and FIB‐4 were used to group patients, the 5‐year cumulative HCC incidence rate was 13.9%, 1.4% and 1.2% for both high, any high, and both low APRI and FIB‐4 score among all patients (n=1006, P<.001), respectively, and was 11.4%, 1.5% and 0.4% in the same respective order among non‐cirrhotic patients (n=867, P<.001).ConclusionsThe combined use of two non‐invasive serum biomarkers (APRI and FIB‐4) could stratify HCC risk for chronic HBV‐infected patients with LLV.
Dacite formation on Vesta: Partial melting of the eucritic crust
Authors: Hahn Timothy M. , Lunning Nicole G. , McSween Harry Y. , Bodnar Robert J. , Taylor Lawrence A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Dominion Range 2010 howardite pairing group contains an evolved lithic clast of dacite composition. The dacite contains an assemblage of plagioclase, quartz, and augite, with minor pigeonite, troilite, ilmenite, FeNi metal, K‐feldspar, and phosphates. Primary augite occurs as >1 mm oikocrysts enclosing plagioclase. Quartz is abundant, comprising approximately 30% of the clast. Textural and geochemical characteristics support the hypothesis that the dacite is a primary igneous lithology, and represents a partial melt of the eucritic crust. Numerical modeling (MELTS) suggests 10–20% partial melting of a Juvinas source could have produced the dacite lithology; quantitative trace element modeling further supports crustal partial melting as the magma source for the dacite. The dacite likely formed as evolved‐melt pockets, and thus represents a volumetrically minor lithology in the Vestan crust, although its formation provides direct support for a genetic relationship between Stannern and residual trend eucrites, and is the first identification of residual eucrite complementary melts. We propose the dacite clast is the first characterized sample of tertiary crust on Vesta.
Secretory diarrhea and hypokalemia associated with colonic pseudo‐obstruction: A case study and systematic analysis of the literature
Authors: Bazerbachi F. , Haffar S. , Szarka L. A. , Wang Z. , Prokop L. J. , Murad M. H. , Camilleri M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundColonic pseudo‐obstruction (CPO) is characterized by colonic distention in the absence of mechanical obstruction or toxic megacolon. Concomitant secretory diarrhea (SD) with hypokalemia (SD‐CPO) due to gastrointestinal (GI) loss requires further characterization.AimTo perform a systematic review of SD‐CPO, report a case study, and compare SD‐CPO with classical CPO (C‐CPO).MethodsWe performed a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Scopus for reports based on a priori criteria for CPO, SD and GI loss of potassium. An additional case at Mayo Clinic was included.ResultsNine publications met inclusion criteria, with a total of 14 cases. Six studies had high, three moderate, and our case high methodological quality. Median age was 74 years (66‐97), with 2:1 male/female ratio. Kidney disease was present in 6/14 patients. Diarrhea was described as profuse, watery, or viscous in 10 patients. Median serum, stool, and urine potassium concentrations (mmol/L) were 2.4 (range: 1.9‐3.1), 137 (100‐180), and 17 (8‐40), respectively. Maximal diameter of colon and cecum (median) were 10.2 cm and 10.5 cm, respectively. Conservative therapy alone was effective in five out of 14 patients. Median potassium supplementation was 124 mEq/d (40‐300). Colonic decompression was effective in three out of six patients; one had a total colectomy; three out of 14 had died. The main differences between SD‐CPO and C‐CPO were lower responses to treatments: conservative measures (35.7% vs 73.6%, P=.01), neostigmine (17% vs 89.2%, P<.001), and colonic decompression (50% vs 82.4%, P=.02).ConclusionSD‐CPO is a rare phenotype associated with increased fecal potassium and is more difficult to treat than C‐CPO.
A nomogram for predicting the risk of neck node metastasis in pathologically node‐negative oral cavity carcinoma
Authors: Sawant SS , Dongre H , Ahire C , Sharma S , Kannan S , Mahadik S , Chaukar D , Lukmani F , Patil A , D'Cruz A , Vaidya MM , Dongre P 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo generate a nomogram for predicting the risk of neck node metastasis in pathologically node‐negative patients using a combination of variables comprising of protein expression, ultrastructural alterations and clinicopathological parameters.Materials and MethodsSurgically removed oral tumours (n = 103) were analysed for the expression of desmosomal and hemidesmosomal assembly proteins by immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural alterations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Protein expression, ultrastructural alterations and clinicopathological variables were used to construct nomogram from the training set in 75 patients. Clinical utility of the nomogram was validated in a discrete set of 28 patients.ResultsUnivariate and multivariate analyses were performed on the training set, and obtained significant variables comprising of integrin β4 expression (p = .027), number of hemidesmosomes (p = .027)/desmosomes (p = .046), tumour differentiation grade (p = .033) and tumour thickness (p = .024) were used for construction of the nomogram. The area under the curve was calculated for both training 0.821 (95% CI 0.725‐0.918) and validation sets 0.880 (95% CI 0.743‐1.000). The nomogram demonstrated a predictive accuracy of 73.3% and 78.6% with the sensitivity of 81.4% and 83.3% in the training and validation sets, respectively.ConclusionsThe nomogram constructed on postsurgical tumour samples will be a value addition to histopathology for the detection of neck node metastasis in pathologically node‐negative patients.
A new scyphozoan from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China
Authors: Liu Yunhuan , Shao Tiequan , Zhang Huaqiao , Wang Qi , Zhang Yanan , Chen Cheng , Liang Yongchun , Xue Jiaqi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAnimals with radial symmetry are abundant in the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China, but with relatively low diversity: representatives include Olivooides, Quadrapyrgites, carinachitiids, hexangulaconulariids and Pseudooides. Here, we report a new radial animal, Qinscyphus necopinus gen. et sp. nov., from the Fortunian small shelly fauna of southern Shaanxi Province, South China. Qinscyphus necopinus has a cup‐shaped profile, with slightly raised annuli and five groups of triangular thickenings in pentaradial symmetry. This organism has a comparable morphology to, and thus a close affinity with, Olivooides and Quadrapyrgites, and is interpreted as a coronate scyphozoan. This discovery adds a new crown‐group cnidarian to the Cambrian Explosion.
Resiniferatoxin modulates the Th1 immune response and protects the host during intestinal nematode infection
Authors: Muñoz‐Carrillo J. L. , Contreras‐Cordero J. F. , Muñoz‐López J. L. , Maldonado‐Tapia C. H. , Muñoz‐Escobedo J. J. , Moreno‐García M. A. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIn the early stage of the intestinal phase of Trichinella spiralis infection, the host triggers a Th1‐type immune response with the aim of eliminating the parasite. However, this response damages the host which favours the survival of the parasite. In the search for novel pharmacological strategies that inhibit the Th1 immune response and assist the host against T. spiralis infection, a recent study showed that resiniferatoxin had anti‐inflammatory activity contributed to the host in T. spiralis infection. In this study, we evaluated whether RTX modulates the host immune response through the inhibition of Th1 cytokines in the intestinal phase. In addition, it was determined whether the treatment with RTX affects the infectivity of T. spiralis‐L1 and the development of the T. spiralis life cycle. Our results show that RTX decreased serum levels of IL‐12, INF‐γ, IL‐1β, TNF‐α and parasite burden on muscle tissue. It was observed that T. spiralis‐L1 treated with RTX decreased their infectivity affecting the development of the T. spiralis life cycle in mouse. These results demonstrate that RTX is able to inhibit the production of Th1 cytokines, contributing to the defence against T. spiralis, which places it as a potential drug modulator of the immune response.
The two faces of avoidance: Time‐frequency correlates of motivational disposition in blood phobia
Authors: Mennella Rocco , Sarlo Michela , Messerotti Benvenuti Simone , Buodo Giulia , Mento Giovanni , Palomba Daniela 
Published: June 2017

AbstractContrary to other phobias, individuals with blood phobia do not show a clear‐cut withdrawal disposition from the feared stimulus. The study of response inhibition provides insights into reduced action disposition in blood phobia. Twenty individuals with and 20 without blood phobia completed an emotional go/no‐go task including phobia‐related pictures, as well as phobia‐unrelated unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant stimuli. Behavioral results did not indicate a phobia‐specific reduced action disposition in the phobic group. Time‐frequency decomposition of event‐related EEG data showed a reduction of right prefrontal activity, as indexed by an increase in alpha power (200 ms), for no‐go mutilation trials in the phobic group but not in controls. Moreover, theta power (300 ms) increased specifically for phobia‐related pictures in individuals with, but not without, blood phobia, irrespective of go or no‐go trial types. Passive avoidance of phobia‐related stimuli subtended by the increased alpha in the right prefrontal cortex, associated with increased emotional salience indexed by theta synchronization, represents a possible neurophysiological correlate of the conflicting motivational response in blood phobia. Through the novel use of time‐frequency decomposition in an emotional go/no‐go task, the present study contributed to clarifying the neurophysiological correlates of the overlapping motivational tendencies in blood phobia.
Evidence for an attentional component of inhibition of return in visual search
Authors: Pierce Allison M. , Crouse Monique D. , Green Jessica J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInhibition of return (IOR) is typically described as an inhibitory bias against returning attention to a recently attended location as a means of promoting efficient visual search. Most studies examining IOR, however, either do not use visual search paradigms or do not effectively isolate attentional processes, making it difficult to conclusively link IOR to a bias in attention. Here, we recorded ERPs during a simple visual search task designed to isolate the attentional component of IOR to examine whether an inhibitory bias of attention is observed and, if so, how it influences visual search behavior. Across successive visual search displays, we found evidence of both a broad, hemisphere‐wide inhibitory bias of attention along with a focal, target location‐specific facilitation. When the target appeared in the same visual hemifield in successive searches, responses were slower and the N2pc component was reduced, reflecting a bias of attention away from the previously attended side of space. When the target occurred at the same location in successive searches, responses were facilitated and the P1 component was enhanced, likely reflecting spatial priming of the target. These two effects are combined in the response times, leading to a reduction in the IOR effect for repeated target locations. Using ERPs, however, these two opposing effects can be isolated in time, demonstrating that the inhibitory biasing of attention still occurs even when response‐time slowing is ameliorated by spatial priming.
Bovine thyroglobulin gene polymorphisms and their association with sexual precocity in Guzerat bulls
Authors: Fernández ME , Loaiza Echeverri AM , Henry M , Drummond M , Andrade de Oliveira DA , Demyda Peyrás S , Cunha Cardoso D , Giovambattista G , Liron JP 
Published: June 2017

ContentsPuberty is a stage of sexual development determined by the interaction of environmental factors and genetic mechanisms. Among them, thyroid function plays a key role in sexual development and spermatogenic function and is under the control of several genes, including the well‐described thyroglobulin gene (TG). Previous reports have shown genetic association between thyroid function and selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in taurine cattle. Therefore, the identification of genetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of this trait can assist with the selection for early pubertal bulls, thus improving genetic progress in livestock breeding. The aim of this study was to validate the association between TG SNPs and age at puberty in zebuine bulls. Three SNPs (rs110406764, rs109662686, rs109057985) were genotyped in 159 Guzerat animals using SEQUENOM technology. Results showed a significant association (p < .05) between the studied SNPs and puberty age, in agreement with our previous reports in a taurine breed. Interestingly, allele frequencies were different from those already reported, being GAT the most favourable allele for age at puberty in Guzerat (94.4 days lower). Overall, our findings corroborate previous reports and reinforce the importance of genetic influence in the regulation of sexual development and puberty through a thyroid pathway in zebuine cattle.
Restoring hardwood trees to lake riparian areas using three planting treatments
Authors: Haskell Daniel E. , Bales Alex L. , Webster Christopher R. , Meyer Michael W. , Flaspohler David J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLake riparian areas provide wildlife habitat for a wide variety of species. Residential development throughout such lakeshore areas of the United States has increased exponentially in recent decades. Awareness of the vulnerability and importance of lakeshore ecosystems has increased concurrently. Lakeshore habitat restoration projects have been implemented to mitigate some of the negative impacts of human shoreline development, and containerized (CT) trees are frequently one of the highest costs associated with such restoration projects. As an alternative, we tested the effectiveness of using dormant bare‐root (BR) trees in restoration projects along two lakeshores in northern Wisconsin,U.S.A. In addition, we experimented usingBRstock that was incorporated into gravel medium at a local nursery and planted later in the summer months. We monitored growth and survival of four native tree species in these three planting treatments over a 3–4‐year period. CT red maple (Acer rubra), paper birch (Betula paperifera), and northern red oak (Quercus rubra) increased in size significantly faster thanBRand/or gravel culture (GC) counterparts, whereasCTshowy mountain ash (Sorbus decora) growth rates were similar to those ofBRandGCstock. Mortality was generally low, but for those species/planting treatments with higher mortality (paper birch and red oak),CTtrees were more likely to survive thanBRorGCtrees. Our results show that the success of deciduousBRand/orGCtree stock relative toCTtrees is species dependent, and for some species,CTtrees' higher growth rates and survivorship could offset their higher costs.
Interplay of volume, blood pressure, organ ischemia, residual renal function, and diet: certainties and uncertainties with dialytic management
Authors: Ok Ercan , Levin Nathan W. , Asci Gulay , Chazot Charles , Toz Huseyin , Ozkahya Mehmet 
Published: June 2017

AbstractExtracellular fluid volume overload and its inevitable consequence, hypertension, increases cardiovascular mortality in the long term by leading to left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease in dialysis patients. Unlike antihypertensive medications, a strict volume control strategy provides optimal blood pressure control without need for antihypertensive drugs. However, utilization of this strategy has remained limited because of several factors, including the absence of a gold standard method to assess volume status, difficulties in reducing extracellular fluid volume, and safety concerns associated with reduction of extracellular volume. These include intradialytic hypotension; ischemia of heart, brain, and gut; loss of residual renal function; and vascular access thrombosis. Comprehensibly, physicians are hesitant to follow strict volume control policy because of these safety concerns. Current data, however, suggest that a high ultrafiltration rate rather than the reduction in excess volume is related to these complications. Restriction of dietary salt intake, increased frequency, and/or duration of hemodialysis sessions or addition of temporary extra sessions during the process of gradually reducing postdialysis body weight in conventional hemodialysis and discontinuation of antihypertensive medications may prevent these complications. We believe that even if an unwanted effect occurs while gradually reaching euvolemia, this is likely to be counterbalanced by favorable cardiovascular outcomes such as regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, prevention of heart failure, and, ultimately, cardiovascular mortality as a result of the eventual achievement of normal extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure over the long term.
Ordered Regressions
Authors: Rosen Sophia , Davidov Ori 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThere are often situations where two or more regression functions are ordered over a range of covariate values. In this paper, we develop efficient constrained estimation and testing procedures for such models. Specifically, necessary and sufficient conditions for ordering generalized linear regressions are given and shown to unify previous results obtained for simple linear regression, for polynomial regression and in the analysis of covariance models. We show that estimating the parameters of ordered linear regressions requires either quadratic programming or semi‐infinite programming, depending on the shape of the covariate space. A distance‐type test for order is proposed. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed methodology improves the mean square error and power compared with the usual, unconstrained, estimation and testing procedures. Improvements are often substantial. The methodology is extended to order generalized linear models where convex semi‐infinite programming plays a role. The methodology is motivated by, and applied to, a hearing loss study.