bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective and Subjective Sleep Disorders in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Roumelioti Maria-Eleni , Argyropoulos Christos , Pankratz Vernon Shane , Jhamb Manisha , Bender Filitsa H. , Buysse Daniel J. , Strollo Patrick , Unruh Mark L. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) is one of the fastest growing dialysis modalities. It is unknown whether sleep and mood are disturbed while performing repeated overnight exchanges. Objectives: In this report, we aim to describe and compare the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), periodic limb movements (PLMS), poor sleep quality (SQ), and depression among APD patients compared with stages 3b–5 (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤44 ml/min/1.73 m2) chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients. Design: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Setting: Study participants were recruited from outpatient nephrology clinics, local dialysis centers, and the Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute in Western Pennsylvania between April 2004 and July 2009. Patients: There were 186 participants in this study including 22 APD patients, 89 CKD patients, and 75 HD patients. Measurements: In-home polysomnography was performed and two questionnaires were completed, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Methods: SDB and PLMS were quantified by in-home unattended polysomnography; poor SQ was defined by a score >5 on the PSQI, and the presence of moderate to severe depression was defined by a score >5 on the PHQ-9. Results: The APD patients had a median age of 37.5 years, were predominantly female (72.7 %), and had a median body mass index (BMI) of 23.8 kg/m2. In univariate analyses, APD patients had significantly lower apnea-hypopnea index compared to HD patients by 12.2 points (likelihood ratio test p = 0.008) and revealed the least percent of TST with nocturnal hypoxemia compared to CKD patients by 2.7 points, respectively (likelihood ratio test p = 0.01). The APD group had also significantly greater stages 3 to 4 sleep compared to the CKD patients by 8.6 points (likelihood ratio test p = 0.009). In multivariate analyses and after adjustment for age, gender, race, and BMI, both APD and HD patients had higher average PSQI scores than CKD patients by 2.54 and 2.22 points, respectively (likelihood ratio test p = 0.005). No other comparisons of sleep parameters among groups reached statistical significance. Limitations: The limitations of this study are the small sample size of the APD population and the demographic and clinical differences among the three study groups. Conclusions: Despite differences in univariate analyses, after multivariate adjustment, APD patients had similar sleep parameters and sleep architecture and as poor SQ and symptoms of depression as HD patients. Future studies with larger APD cohorts are needed.
Circulating Angiogenic Factors in a Pregnant Woman on Intensive Hemodialysis: A Case Report
Authors: Akbari Ayub , Hladunewich Michelle , Burns Kevin , Moretti Felipe , Arkoub Rima Abou , Brown Pierre , Hiremath Swapnil 
Published: February 2016

Background: Pregnancy in patients on chronic hemodialysis therapy, though unlikely, does happen rarely. Intensive hemodialysis is thought to offer a better survival advantage to the unborn child. Circulating angiogenic factors are helpful for prognostication of pregnant patients with chronic kidney disease who are not on dialysis. Data on their utilization in dialysis patients, however, are limited. Case Presentation: We report the case of a patient with a history of interstitial nephritis who had a kidney transplant that failed after 8 years due to membranous nephropathy. She was initiated on hemodialysis three sessions per week and conceived after being on dialysis for 6 weeks. She was switched to intensive hemodialysis at 8 weeks of gestation and had a C-section because of hypertension at 35 weeks, with delivery of a healthy girl weighing 2012 g. Serum angiogenic factors (placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase) were measured at 32, 33, and 34 weeks of gestation and at 1, 2, and 3 weeks postpartum. Serum angiogenic factors were similar to what has been reported for patients with chronic kidney disease and were not consistent with preeclampsia. Conclusions: Our case report expands on the literature regarding intensive hemodialysis and angiogenic factor utilization in pregnant dialysis patients. Our case report suggests that starting intensive dialysis early in pregnancy is safe and concentration of angiogenic factors are similar to those reported for patients without kidney disease, except for PIGF levels, which are somewhat higher.
Pointed Progress in Second-Line Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Rapidly Evolving Field of Checkpoint Inhibition
Authors: Melosky Barbara , Chu Quincy , Juergens Rosalyn , Leighl Natasha , McLeod Deanna , Hirsh Vera 
Published: February 2016

Purpose Non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is globally prevalent and associated with high rates of mortality. Immune checkpoint pathways are often exploited by tumors to evade immunity-mediated destruction, and checkpoint inhibitors can reactivate tumor-related immune responses. This review considers available clinical evidence for the use of checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of second-line advanced NSCLC. Methods Our systematic search revealed 20 clinical trials evaluating checkpoint inhibitors in the second-line setting, three of which were randomized trials comparing programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors to docetaxel, the current standard of care in this setting. Results A randomized phase II trial comparing the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab to docetaxel did not demonstrate improved survival for atezolizumab in patients overall, although a trend toward improved survival with increased PD-L1 expression was apparent. Twin phase III trials showed significantly improved survival for the programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor nivolumab compared with docetaxel in patients with both squamous and nonsquamous disease. PD-L1 expression correlated with improved survival in patients with nonsquamous disease, and patients with low levels of PD-L1 expression (< 10%) and those with EGFR mutations are unlikely to benefit. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is generally well tolerated and associated with low rates of grade 3 or 4 adverse events compared with standard care. Conclusion Level 1 evidence exists to support the use of nivolumab as second-line treatment of patients with squamous advanced NSCLC, as well as in select patients with nonsquamous disease. Benefits remain unknown in patients with targetable driver mutations, and use of PD-L1 expression to guide therapy remains controversial. Results from ongoing randomized trials evaluating biomarkers and other checkpoint inhibitors will further our understanding of this rapidly evolving area of oncology.
Accuracy of Adverse Event Ascertainment in Clinical Trials for Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Miller Tamara P. , Li Yimei , Kavcic Marko , Troxel Andrea B. , Huang Yuan-Shun V. , Sung Lillian , Alonzo Todd A. , Gerbing Robert , Hall Matt , Daves Marla H. , Horton Terzah M. , Pulsipher Michael A. , Pollard Jessica A. , Bagatell Rochelle , Seif Alix E. , Fisher Brian T. , Luger Selina , Gamis Alan S. , Adamson Peter C. , Aplenc Richard 
Published: February 2016

Purpose Reporting of adverse events (AEs) in clinical trials is critical to understanding treatment safety, but data on AE accuracy are limited. This study sought to determine the accuracy of AE reporting for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia clinical trials and to test whether an external electronic data source can improve reporting. Methods Reported AEs were evaluated on two trials, Children’s Oncology Group AAML03P1 and AAML0531 arm B, with identical chemotherapy regimens but with different toxicity reporting requirements. Chart review for 12 AEs for patients enrolled in AAML0531 at 14 hospitals was the gold standard. The sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPV) of the AAML0531 AE report and AEs detected by review of Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) billing and microbiology data were compared with chart data. Results Select AE rates from AAML03P1 and AAML0531 arm B differed significantly and correlated with the targeted toxicities of each trial. Chart abstraction was performed on 204 patients (758 courses) on AAML0531. AE report sensitivity was < 50% for eight AEs, but PPV was > 75% for six AEs. AE reports for viridans group streptococcal bacteremia, a targeted toxicity on AAML0531, had a sensitivity of 78.3% and PPV of 98.1%. PHIS billing data had higher sensitivity (> 50% for nine AEs), but lower PPV (< 75% for 10 AEs). Viridans group streptococcal detection using PHIS microbiology data had high sensitivity (92.3%) and PPV (97.3%). Conclusion The current system of AE reporting for cooperative oncology group clinical trials in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia underestimates AE rates. The high sensitivity and PPV of PHIS microbiology data suggest that using external data sources may improve the accuracy of AE reporting.
Staged-Volume Radiosurgery of Large Arteriovenous Malformations Improves Outcome by Reducing the Rate of Adverse Radiation Effects
Authors: Nagy Gábor , Grainger Alison , Hodgson Timothy J. , Rowe Jeremy G. , Coley Stuart C. , Kemeny Andras A. , Radatz Matthias W.R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The treatment of large arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains challenging. Recently, staged-volume radiosurgery (SVRS) has become an option.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of SVRS on large AVMs with our historical, single-stage radiosurgery (SSRS) series.

METHODS: We have been prospectively collecting data of patients treated by SVRS since 2007. There were 84 patients who had a median age of 37 years (range, 9-62 years) who were treated until July 2013. The outcomes of 76 of those who had follow-ups available were analyzed and compared with the outcomes of 122 patients treated with the best SSRS technique.

RESULTS: There were 21.5% of AVMs that were deep seated, and 44% presented with hemorrhage resulting in 45% fixed neurological deficit. There were 14% of patients who had undergone embolization before radiosurgery. The median nidus treatment volume was 19.7 cm3 (6.65-68.7) and 17.5 Gy (13-22.5) prescription isodose was given. Of the 44 lesions having radiological follow-up at 4 years, 61.4% were completely obliterated. Previous embolization (50% with and 63% without) and higher Spetzler-Martin grades appeared to be the negative factors in successful obliteration, but treatment volume was not. Within 3 years after radiosurgery, the annual bleed rates of unruptured and previously ruptured AVMs were 3.2% and 5.6%, respectively. Three bleeds were fatal and 2 resulted in significant modified Rankin scale 3 morbidity. These rates differ little from SSRS. Temporary adverse radiation effects (AREs) did not change significantly, but permanent AREs dropped from 15% to 6.5% (P = .03) compared with SSRS.

CONCLUSION: Obliteration and hemorrhage rates of large AVMs treated by SVRS are similar to historical SSRS. However, SVRS offers a lower rate of AREs.
Faces sailing by: ‘Junk Theory’ and racialized bodies in the Sutherland Shire
Authors: Trimboli Daniella 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article explores how the arts-for-social change company, Big hART, responded to the Cronulla riots in Western Sydney, Australia. The riots were instigated on 4 December 2005 following an altercation between three Anglo-Australian lifeguards and a group of men identified as being of Lebanese background. Big hART’s creative response, ‘Junk Theory’, involved the collaboration of youth from diverse cultural groups in the Sutherland Shire and resulted in a moving-media installation that projected digital stories onto the sails of a junk boat. With its message, ‘It’s harder to hurt someone when you know their story’, the work raises important questions regarding diversity, social cohesion and the corporeal force of community-based art. My critique of this work is the starting point for my interest in the material – and often subtle – ways that racialized bodies come to be produced through multiculturalism discourse. I want to add to the contemporary scholarship account of a tension between theoretical/political multiculturalism and its everyday engagements, by utilizing Judith Butler’s theory of performativity to examine the multicultural body in both public and creative space. The article uses performativity to consider how it is that certain bodies came to be seen as beyond the limits of not only the Cronulla beach, but humanness itself. It then considers how the same theory makes way for slippages, which, if harnessed, may be used to deconstruct the racialized body in everyday art forms.
Stereotypes: Perceptions of the ‘other’ in Second Generation
Authors: Peart Kirandeep Kaur 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The South Asian stereotype has been presented on British television through programmes such as Mind Your Language (LWT/ITV, 1977–79) and It Ain’t Half Hot Mum (BBC Television, 1974–1981). This article traces the journey of the South Asian stereotype from the racist undertones presented in British television comedies of the 1970s to the British Asian comedy show Goodness Gracious Me! (BBC Television, 1998–2000) that used the stereotype to gain a sense of ownership and represent British and South Asian identity through a South Asian lens. In recognising the South Asian presence on British television, it has been identified that the traditional stereotype has shifted from the marginalised depiction of the ‘other’ to a representation of the British-Asian subject as an integral part of multicultural Britain. Using the television drama Second Generation, an illustration of how British-Asian female identity no longer relies on previous South Asian stereotypes has been made, demanding a new way of seeing and gaining cultural understanding.
Book Reviews
Authors: Buckingham Brooker 
Published: February 2016

Floating Tomb: Black Metal Theory, Nicola Masciandaro and Edia Connole (2015) Milan: Mimesis International, 295 pp., ISBN: 9788869770081, p/bk, £19
Bergmetal: Oro-Emblems of The Musical Beyond, Lieut. Nab Saheb of Kashmir and Denys X. Albaris, O. S. L. (2014) Austin/New York,
USA: Hworde, 88 pp., ISBN: 9781494907204, p/bk, £6.44
Impact of Barn Orientation on Insolation and Temperature of Stalls Surface
Authors: Angrecka Sabina , Herbut Piotr 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of free-stall barn orientation relative to cardinal points on the insolation area and on the surface temperature of selected stalls in the summer period. The results of the experimental research were subjected to model analysis of the distribution of area of insolation into a barn. The studies showed that the surface of insolated stalls is heated to a temperature of 40°C, and in extreme cases up to 58°C. Taking into account the body temperature of cows (38–39°C), it can be concluded that the heat transfer from animals’ body to the environment, and thus the possibility of their cooling, were difficult. This is confirmed by observations of the behaviour of cows obtained from the video monitoring. Large differences were found in thermal conditions in the southern and northern stall areas, which in the midday hours were up to 10°C. The impact of clouds occurring during observations, included in the studies, contributed to the reduction of temperature of the stalls surface. During hot weather, short, ten-minute appearance of clouds, caused a decrease of the temperature of stalls surface by approx. 2.5°C. On this basis, it can be concluded that the use of shadings in building environment in the noon hours could limit the heating up of stalls and thus contribute to improving the living conditions of cows in barn.
The Internal Security Package and Its Potential Impact on the EU–Turkey Relations within the Scope of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
Authors: Oğuşgil Vahap Atilla 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Being one of the core values of the European Union, human rights have been centrally located in the European Union-Turkey relations especially since the country gained the candidate status in 1999. In human rights practices, the actor who comes to the forefront most on behalf of the state against the citizens whose rights must be protected is the police force. Therefore, the security practices enforced by the police form a huge part of human rights practices in the state and thus play a decisive role in Turkey’s relations with the Union. This article presents an evaluation of the so-called ‘internal security package’, which has just passed into law, and its potential impact on European Union-Turkey relations. The package includes specific amendments regarding the police duties and authorities, which unarguably affect human rights practices in the country. As the Union lacks a uniform norm relating to the security practices the package in question contains, the answer to the question will be sought by screening two sources: EU progress reports on Turkey and relevant ECtHR decisions, which provide definite judgements regarding the threats and risks posed by the package under discussion.
Preparation of Chitosan based Nanofibers: Optimization and Modeling
Authors: Thirugnanasambandham K. , Sivakumar V. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The main objective of the present study is to prepare a chitosan based nanofiber and model the electrospinning process using response surface methodology (RSM). The electrospinning parameters such as collector distance, polymer solution concentration and applied voltage were optimized by using three-variable-three-level Box–Behnken design (BBD). Based on RSM analysis, second order polynomial equation was formed and it indicated good correspondence between experimental and predicted values. 3D response surface plots were used to study the individual and interactive effects of process variables on chitosan based nanofiber diameter. The optimum process conditions for the minimum chitosan based nanofiber diameter (0.3 µm) were found to be collector distance of 12 cm, polymer solution concentration of 25% and applied voltage of 6 kV.
A DDoS Attacks Detection Based on Conditional Heteroscedastic Time Series Models
Authors: Andrysiak Tomasz , Saganowski Łukasz , Maszewski Mirosław , Grad Piotr 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Dynamic development of various systems providing safety and protection to network infrastructure from novel, unknown attacks is currently an intensively explored and developed domain. In the present article there is presented an attempt to redress the problem by variability estimation with the use of conditional variation. The predictions of this variability were based on the estimated conditional heteroscedastic statistical models ARCH, GARCH and FIGARCH. The method used for estimating the parameters of the exploited models was determined by calculating maximum likelihood function. With the use of compromise between conciseness of representation and the size of estimation error there has been selected as a sparingly parameterized form of models. In order to detect an attack-/anomaly in the network traffic there were used differences between the actual network traffic and the estimated model of the traffic. The presented research confirmed efficacy of the described method and cogency of the choice of statistical models.
Detection of QR-Codes in Digital Images Based on Histogram Similarity
Authors: Ciążyński Karol , Fabijańska Anna 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper considers the problem of QR codes detection in digital images. In particular, the approach for detection of QR codes is proposed. The approach is based on histogram correlation between the reference image of QR code and the input image. In particular the input image is firstly divided into blocks. These are next used to build binary map of regions similar and dissimilar in terms of histogram to the image of QR code. On the binary map the morphological operations are next applied in order to remove outliers and identify the QR code. The results of applying the introduced approach to various images are presented and discussed. Different lighting conditions, image resolutions and orientations of QR codes are considered.
Analysis of Application of Distributed Multi-Node, Multi-GPU Heterogeneous System for Acceleration of Image Reconstruction in Electrical Capacitance Tomography
Authors: Majchrowicz Michał , Kapusta Paweł , Jackowska-Strumiłło Lidia , Sankowski Dominik 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
3D ECT provides a lot of challenging computational issues that have been reported in the past by many researchers. Image reconstruction using deterministic methods requires execution of many basic operations of linear algebra, such as matrix transposition, multiplication, addition and subtraction. In order to reach real-time reconstruction a 3D ECT computational subsystem has to be able to transform capacitance data into image in fractions of seconds. By assuming, that many of the computations can be performed in parallel using modern, fast graphics processor and by altering the algorithms time to achieve high quality image reconstruction will be shortened significantly. The research conducted while analysing ECT algorithms has also shown that, although dynamic development of GPU computational capabilities and its recent application for image reconstruction in ECT has significantly improved calculations time, in modern systems a single GPU is not enough to perform many tasks. Distributed Multi-GPU solutions can reduce reconstruction time to only a fraction of what was possible on pure CPU systems. Nevertheless performed tests clearly illustrate the need for developing a new distributed platform, which would be able to fully utilize the potential of the hardware. It has to take into account specific nature of computations in Multi-GPU systems.
The Manhattan Project, the first electronic computer and the Monte Carlo method
Authors: Benov Dobriyan M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The background of the Monte Carlo method is connected with two very important events in the modern human history: the World War Two and the building of first electronic computers. For that reason, we will try to synthesize the most important facts of those events that have relation to the development of the method in order to produce a clearer picture of the origination of the Monte Carlo method of stochastic sampling. The research covers the period from 1930 to 1959.
Contesting neoliberal governance. The case of Romanian Roma
Authors: Anghel Ionuț-Marian 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The article delineates the shifting forms of minority governance that took shape after 1989 in solving Roma related affairs and its ambiguous effects on the ground. I argue that, after 1989, the new social and public policies adopted a more neoliberal trend in solving Romani affairs through processes of decentralization, public-private partnerships and mobilization of civil society (Roma) organizations as key tools for empowering and social inclusion of Romani communities, abandoning old governmental programs focused on discipline, control and policing. However, as we will see in the Romanian case, these processes and policies had ambiguous effects and often have gone together with a diminishing of democratic accountability and control of Roma related affairs by state/public institutions and with the devolution of responsibilities to non-governmental and human rights organizations, Roma representatives from public institutions and communities themselves (see also van Baar 2011a).