bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of rehabilitation and occurrence of pressure ulcers in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries
Authors: Yamauchi Risa , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Yasunaga Hideo , Aso Shotaro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Study design: A retrospective cohort study using a nationwide Japanese inpatient database.
Objectives: To investigate the association between the timing of rehabilitation interventions and the occurrence of pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients with cervical spinal cord injuries between 2010 and 2022 in a real-world clinical setting.
Setting: We used the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, a nationwide Japanese inpatient database.
Methods: We included patients with cervical spinal cord injury who underwent spinal surgery within 3 days of admission between July 2010 and March 2022. We defined rehabilitation within 2 days of surgery as early rehabilitation and ≥3 days of surgery as non-early rehabilitation. The primary outcome was treating severe pressure ulcers ≥4 days after admission, and the secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, hospitalization costs, and in-hospital mortality. Propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting was conducted to compare the outcomes between the early and non-early rehabilitation groups.
Results: We identified 5,162 eligible patients, 3,434 (66.1%) of whom underwent early rehabilitation. After weighting, the occurrence of treating severe pressure ulcers showed no significant difference between the early and non-early rehabilitation groups (odds ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79–2.12; P=0.297). The early rehabilitation group had lower total hospitalization costs (difference, –3.2%; 95% CI, –6.1% to 0.0%; P=0.043) and shorter length of hospital stay (difference, –4.5%; 95% CI, –8.4% to 0.0%; P=0.034) than the non-early rehabilitation group.
Conclusion: This study found no significant difference in the development of severe pressure ulcers between the early and non-early rehabilitation groups.
Successful difelikefalin use in severe chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus in a patient with tertiary hyperparathyroidism: a case report
Authors: Werzowa Johannes M. , Hemetsberger Margit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is a frequently experienced, unpleasant skin condition. Difelikefalin is indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe CKD-aP in adult patients on hemodialysis. Reports of difelikefalin effectiveness in complex patient cases encountered in routine clinical practice are rare.
Case presentation
The presented patient had a complex interplay of morbidities, most notably diabetes mellitus type 2, tertiary hyperparathyroidism, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and CKD-associated mineral bone disease (CKD-MBD), all of which are associated with the development and severity of CKD-aP. The patient’s CKD-aP proved resistant to H1-receptor antagonists and gabapentin and showed no improvement after parathyroidectomy. Treatment with difelikefalin rapidly and sustainedly improved symptoms, with a brief recurrence of itch towards the end of each long interdialytic interval. Apart from a short episode of vertigo at initiation of treatment, no adverse events were observed over the long duration of treatment (more than two years).
Conclusions
Difelikefalin, an agonist of the kappa opioid receptor, acts independently of the itch-causing mechanisms associated with the comorbidities present in the patient, notably diabetes mellitus type 2, tertiary hyperparathyroidism, ESRD, and CKD-MBD. This may explain the sustained effectiveness of difelikefalin throughout the patient’s complex clinical history.
AVALIAÇÃO ANTOPOMETRICA DE CRIANÇAS COM IDADE ENTRE 4 E 5 ANO PARA ESCOLHA DE MOBILIARIO PARA SALA DE AULA.
Authors: Franca Silva Gustavo Thayllon , Luz Flavia Aparecida 
Published: October 2024

Este estudo de caso faz parte de uma pesquisa que investiga o ambiente escolar e e as adaptação dos alunos ao mobiliário já existente. Vamos apresentar a importância que o uso do mobiliário adequado pode influenciar no rendimento escolar. Pois tem-se observado uma grande lacuna de aplicações e adequações ergonômicas. O estudo foi realizado com 42 crianças com idade entre 4 e 5 anos na população presente em uma escola da rede particular na cidade de Ipatinga –MG. Realizaremos estudos das medidas antropométricas necessárias para a escolha do mobiliário (mesas e cadeiras) Os resultados nos permitiram concluir que nesse ambiente que os alunos passam maior parte do tempo e que seja maior a influência dele na postura esses desconfortos serem a causa de distração e inquietação
Point-of-Care Testing for Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , HE Mengxiao , HU Rongbo , HUANG Sihang , CHEN Zhencheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease is a major global public health challenge. Point-of--
care testing (POCT) technologies are crucial for the prevention, early diagnosis, and
treatment of cardiovascular conditions. Numerous POCT technologies for cardiovascular
disease are currently available, which include but are not limited to conventional
methods, paper-based microfluidic technology, microfluidic chip technology, electrochemical
detection technology, ultrasonic detection technology, and smartphone-based
detection technology. Each method has a broad range of applications and performs differently
across various detection scenarios. This article offers a comprehensive analysis
of current POCT technologies for cardiovascular disease, assessing their effectiveness,
limitations, and future development directions. The aim is to provide insights and theoretical
references for innovative research and clinical applications in POCT methods for
cardiovascular disease.
Inflammatory Myopathies and Autoimmune Gluten-related Disorders: A Scoping Review of Pathophysiological Interconnections and Hypothesis
Authors: Nyborg Gunhild Alvik 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Anecdotal reports describe patients with concurrent idiopathic inflammatory
myopathy (IIM) and celiac disease (CeD) in whom the introduction of a gluten-free diet led
to dramatic improvement of myositis. We first systematically reviewed all peer-reviewed publications
on concomitant IIM and duodenal biopsy-verified CeD. The collected evidence was suggestive
of associations between myositis disease activity and gluten exposure in some patients with
IIM-CeD.

Objective/Methods:
To investigate possible explanations for the observations, an exploratory review
of basic pathophysiological relationships between IIM and gluten-related disorders was performed
using a combined strategy of systematic and non-systematic literature searches and forward
and backward citation tracking.

Results:
The investigations revealed close pathophysiological associations between IIM and the
autoimmune gluten-related disorders CeD, dermatitis herpetiformis, and gluten ataxia. Common
traits include shared genetic predisposition through HLA-DQ2.5/-DQ8, disease activity-associated
autoantibodies, histopathological parallels with inflammatory cell infiltrates, and similarly distributed
structural homologous transglutaminases (TGs). HLA-DQ2.5-restricted gluten-specific
CD4+ T cells of a rare, uniform phenotype are reported in CeD and connective tissue disease. Expanded
T-cell clones with identical phenotypes and CDR3β motifs indicate the presence of a continuous,
antigen-driven T-cell response.

Conclusion:
The investigations revealed that the main components involved in the adaptive immune
response in the CeD gut may be present in HLA-DQ2.5+/-DQ8+ IIM muscle. The collected
evidence supports the notion that in some genetically predisposed patients with IIM, gluten may
act as an exogenous antigen driving myositis.

Further Research/Clinical Implications:
To test the above hypothesis, clinical trials combined
with immunological studies are needed. Meanwhile, the inclusion of HLA-DQ typing may be justified,
and subsequent small-intestinal biopsies in HLA-DQ2.5/8+ individuals with IIM.
ENHANCING SUSTAINABLE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA: THE ROLE OF COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM IN FEDERAL-STATE COLLABORATION
Authors: Abdul Aziz Hilmy Sazlin Azny , Hassim Jady Zaidi , Md Khalid Rasyikah 
Published: October 2024

Sustainable housing development in Malaysia relies on collaborative governance and resource sharing. Several proposed sustainable housing initiatives have involved federal-state tensions. Cooperative federalism can bring together diverse stakeholders to address complicated environmental, social, and economic variables affecting housing construction, according to this study. The authors analyze federal and state laws and policies doctrinally. To assess the efficacy of collaborative governance and resource sharing, government officials, housing experts, policymakers, and community leaders were interviewed. Fictional international case studies inform this study. The authors find 1) federal or state government agencies lack coordination. 2) policy alignment for sustainable housing development and 3) state resource constraints. The findings show how collaborative governance and resource sharing may transform. Participants understand the importance of federal-state housing policies, which streamline sustainable housing development and prevent conflicting laws. Effective intergovernmental connections inform housing policy decisions, meeting local demands. International case studies also provide many suggestions for adapting and innovating in Malaysia. This study proposes resilient, inclusive, and sustainable housing in Malaysia. By adopting collaborative governance, harmonizing policies, pooling resources, fostering intergovernmental partnerships, and learning from global experiences, Malaysia's housing sector may inspire future generations with innovation and sustainability.
WALKING FOR HEALTH & WELLBEING: THE EFFECT OF STEP FREQUENCY
Authors: Mohd Talmizi Nurain , Haji Ali Nor Eeda , Mohamad Muhammad Rijal , Samsul Rijal Nurhidayah , Abd Rased An Nisha Nur Welliana 
Published: October 2024

Walking as a mode of transport and recreation to get more active and stay fit. People of all ages can benefit from walking, evaluation of earlier research in this field shows that a study of walking specifically among those with different health challenges in Malaysia is lacking. This paper sets out to identified whether individual, environmental and social factors influence walking in neighbourhood, which is the objectives: to examine whether people in a neighbourhood walk during the week, to identify whether people who have health problems walk more or not at all, and to examine the relationship between people’s frequency of walk and their physical wellbeing. Data from 410 adults of between 18 and 60 years of age are analysed using a multiple linear regression analysis technique. Overall, the findings reveal that the respondents regularly walk despite their health status as none of them (0.00%) have assessed their health as being poor to begin with. Nevertheless, there is a significant correlation between self-reported health states and walking (X=22.519, p0.05), and their frequency of walk (X= 22.673, p0.05). The results indicate that 19.40% of the respondents walk regularly on a weekday compared to 21.20% on the weekend only, and 18.20% during both weekday and weekend. This study suggests that the neighbourhood must be safe, and the built environment is conducive and appropriate for proper walking. These factors are pertinent considerations for both housing developers and state policies to implement to initiate and promote more walking for physical wellbeing, recreation as well as for transportation purposes.
Leveraging Temporal Trends for Training Contextual Word Embeddings to Address Bias in Biomedical Applications: Development Study
Authors: Agmon Shunit , Singer Uriel , Radinsky Kira 
Published: October 2024

Background
Women have been underrepresented in clinical trials for many years. Machine-learning models trained on clinical trial abstracts may capture and amplify biases in the data. Specifically, word embeddings are models that enable representing words as vectors and are the building block of most natural language processing systems. If word embeddings are trained on clinical trial abstracts, predictive models that use the embeddings will exhibit gender performance gaps.

Objective
We aim to capture temporal trends in clinical trials through temporal distribution matching on contextual word embeddings (specifically, BERT) and explore its effect on the bias manifested in downstream tasks.

Methods
We present TeDi-BERT, a method to harness the temporal trend of increasing women’s inclusion in clinical trials to train contextual word embeddings. We implement temporal distribution matching through an adversarial classifier, trying to distinguish old from new clinical trial abstracts based on their embeddings. The temporal distribution matching acts as a form of domain adaptation from older to more recent clinical trials. We evaluate our model on 2 clinical tasks: prediction of unplanned readmission to the intensive care unit and hospital length of stay prediction. We also conduct an algorithmic analysis of the proposed method.

Results
In readmission prediction, TeDi-BERT achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.64 for female patients versus the baseline of 0.62 (P<.001), and 0.66 for male patients versus the baseline of 0.64 (P<.001). In the length of stay regression, TeDi-BERT achieved a mean absolute error of 4.56 (95% CI 4.44-4.68) for female patients versus 4.62 (95% CI 4.50-4.74, P<.001) and 4.54 (95% CI 4.44-4.65) for male patients versus 4.6 (95% CI 4.50-4.71, P<.001).

Conclusions
In both clinical tasks, TeDi-BERT improved performance for female patients, as expected; but it also improved performance for male patients. Our results show that accuracy for one gender does not need to be exchanged for bias reduction, but rather that good science improves clinical results for all. Contextual word embedding models trained to capture temporal trends can help mitigate the effects of bias that changes over time in the training data.
Alternative ways to initiate students’ intuition, and hence internalization, of why zero factorial is equal to one
Authors: Mahmood Munir , Murray Lori , Zitikis Ricardas , Mahmood Ibtihal 
Published: September 2024

Zero factorial, defined to be one, is often counterintuitive to students but nonetheless an interesting concept to convey in a classroom environment. The challenge is to delineate the concept in a simple and effective way through the practice of justification, a familiar concept in mathematics and science education. In this regard two algebraic and one statistical justification using the squeeze theorem are presented. To assess the effectiveness of the justifications, a student survey was conducted at a comprehensive university incorporating the analysis of the pre- and post-presentation statements. They clearly present that the justifications are useful in giving credence to zero factorial equals one. Overall, the result from the online survey supports that the students preferred Justification 1. The justifications provide instructors alternative ways to initiate exploration of students’ intuitive set up of comprehending unobvious facts like zero factorial equals one. For a range of learners with their varied abilities to perform various mental activities most closely associated with learning and problem-solving, the justifications as simple alternative methods offer the potential to raise the current level of cognitive skills to inspire differentiated paths of learning. These are evident from survey results noting the role of statistical thinking and techniques.
Ethnobotanic Study Of Communities On The Outer Islands Aceh Province (Aceh Island Case Study)
Authors: Amin Nurdin , Mulyadi Mulyadi , Ariangga Ruli 
Published: October 2024

Pemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai pesan simbolik dan praktek secara turun temurun dalam keluarga, baik untuk obat, upacara adat, symbol, dan kearifan lokal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis tumbuhan yang digunakan masyarakat sebagai kebutuhan obat-obatan, upacara adat dan kegiatan ritual lainnya di pulau nasi dan pulau breuh kecamatan pulo Aceh kabupaten Aceh besar. Terapat 25 Jenis tumbuhan yang di gunakan, baik sebagai obat, upacara adat dan acara ritual lainnya. Data tersebut tersebar pada dua lokasi yang berbeda yaitu kemukiman pulo Breuh dan kemukiman pulo nasi. Pada pulo breuh ditemukan 15 Jenis tumbuhan yang di gunakan sebagai obat, upacara adat dan kegiatan ritual. Sedang pada kemukiman pulo nasi di temukan 10 Jenis tumbuhan yang di manfaatkan. Organ tumbuhan yang paling banyak di gunakan terdapat pada organ daun sebanyak 55%, diikuti dengan batang 19%, kemudian 16% terapat pada akar dan yang terakhir 10% terdapat pada lainnya (bagian bunga, buah dan biji). Penggunaan tumbhuna sebagai obat terdapat 20 bentuk atau 61% digunakan sebagai obat tradisonal, kemudain terdapat 8 bentuk atau 24 % digunakan sebagai kegiatan upcara adat dan 15 macam atau 15% digunakan sebagai kegiatan ritul lainnya
Specifics of the Chinese regional demographic policy in the northeast of China (using the example of Heilongjiang province)
Authors: Makeeva Svetlana 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The modern development of China, on the one hand, demonstrates high economic results to the whole world, and on the other hand, every year the Chinese government faces various problems, among which is the uneven socio-economic situation of the Eastern, Western, Central and Northeastern regions, as well as negative demographic trends, associated with reduction and aging of the population. Moreover, the demographic situation in different parts of the country has its own specifics. The most difficult situation, both in terms of regional economic indicators and population size, is observed in the provinces of the North-Eastern region of the PRC.Materials and methods. The author analyzed the materials of the Heilongjiang Statistical Bureau, documents of the People's Government of the province in question regarding negative demographic trends, which made it possible to determine the specifics of regional population policy in this territory. The main research methods were systematic, which made it possible to identify patterns in the implementation of regional demographic policy in the northeastern province of Heilongjiang; statistical method contributed to the consideration of quantitative characteristics of the demographic development of Heilongjiang.Results. The reasons of the negative demographic trends in the northeastern province of Heilongjiang are considerable population reduction and annual outflow of highly qualified personnel to the eastern and southeastern Chinese provinces. Starting from 2021, Heilongjiang Province has developed a population policy system under the slogan ‘maintaining comprehensive revival through high-quality demographic development’, including four main areas: 1) improving measures to support fertility; 2) attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel; 3) efficient use of the labor of senior workers; 4) compliance with migration rules.Discussion. The administration of Heilongjiang Province focuses on improving the quality of life of the population. The emerging system of legal regulation of the regional demographic policy in Heilongjiang Province is aimed at involving all organizations, institutions, funds, and public associations in the process of solving the difficult demographic situation connected with population reduction in cities, towns, rural and near-border northeastern regions of China.
Large family in the modern Russian society: Demographic aspect
Authors: Rostovskaya Tamara , Kuchmaeva Oksana , Vasileva Ekaterina 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Scientific discussions on the implementation of the second demographic transition have not been completed, it is possible to identify specific features of changes in the structure of families in different countries or different social groups (for example, religious ones), but it is premature to talk about the universality of this process. In modern Russia, the social structure of families and households has changed, however, in order to capture the essence of the changes and identify the factors that have had an impact; it is necessary to constantly monitor the situation. The answers to the following questions are of scientific interest: how the structure of families in Russia has changed; what motivation is the basis for reproducing the structure of large families in different periods of demographic transition? The article presents an analysis of empirical data that allows us to identify trends in the transformation of the structure of the Russian family; to characterize the motives of reproductive behavior in large families, to determine what conditions and resources are required in large families to form or maintain well-being.Materials and methods. The information base was the data of the All-Russian population censuses for 2002, 2010 and 2020; the results of the author's research were an in-depth interview with parents from a large family in the course of the All-Russian sociological study ‘Demographic well-being of the regions of Russia’, 2021.Results. The changes in the structure of Russian families towards the increasing share of large families under the influence of demographic policy measures have been revealed, the consolidation of this trend requires the implementation of targeted measures to support the institution of a large family, which, in the authors’ opinion, should correspond to the ideal model of a ‘prosperous family’.Discussion. It is important to develop a demographic policy strategy taking into account trends in the structure of Russian families. The analysis of interviews with large families provided for the formulation of the main directions of assistance to large families, as well as to systematize social practices of members of large families aimed at preserving and developing the family well-being.
Toxicity Effect Test of Matoa (Pometia pinnata) Plant Fractions as Raw Materials for Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Hasan Hamsidar , Taupik Muhammad , Andi Suryadi A. Mu’thi , Ihsan Muh. 
Published: October 2024

Background:The prevalence of cancer in Indonesia increases every year. Medical treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation require significant costs with considerable side effects. Therefore, there is a need for chemopreventive agents from natural sources such as plants. One plant with potential as a chemopreventive agent is the matoa tree (Pometia pinnata), which is empirically used to treat suppurating wounds.Objectives: This research aims to test the toxicity of leaf and stem bark fractions of matoa using shrimp larvae Artemia salina Leach. Methods: The parameter for this study is the LC50 value. The extraction method involves successive maceration using solvents based on increasing polarity, starting with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Phytochemical screening is conducted using colour tests, and toxicity is assessed through the brine shrimp lethality test. The research indicates that all fractions of matoa leaves and stem bark are toxic with respective LC50 values for leaf fractions: n-hexane (394.8 µg/mL), chloroform (244.3 µg/mL), ethyl acetate (180.6 µg/mL), and methanol (303.2 µg/mL). Stem bark fractions exhibit LC50 values in the order of n-hexane (203.9 µg/mL), chloroform (244.3 µg/mL), ethyl acetate (144.8 µg/mL), and methanol (58.3 µg/mL). Conclusions: All fractions fall into the toxic category and have the potential as raw materials for anti-cancer drugs.