bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct mapping of melanoma cell ‐ endothelial cell interactions
Authors: Varga Béla , Fazakas Csilla , Molnár Judit , Wilhelm Imola , Domokos Réka A. , Krizbai István A. , Szegletes Zsolt , Váró György , Végh Attila G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe most life‐threatening aspect of cancer is metastasis; cancer patient mortality is mainly due to metastasis. Among all metastases, presence of brain metastasis is one with the poorest prognosis; the median survival time can be counted in months. Therefore, prevention or decreasing their incidence would be highly desired both by patients and physicians. Metastatic cells invading the brain must breach the cerebral vasculature, primarily the blood‐brain barrier. The key step in this process is the establishment of firm adhesion between the cancer cell and the cerebral endothelial layer.Using the atomic force microscope, a high‐resolution force spectrograph, our aim was to explore the connections among the cell morphology, cellular mechanics, and biological function in the process of transendothelial migration of metastatic cancer cells. By immobilization of a melanoma cell to an atomic force microscope's cantilever, intercellular adhesion was directly measured at quasi‐physiological conditions. Hereby, we present our latest results by using this melanoma‐decorated probe. Binding characteristics to a confluent layer of brain endothelial cells was directly measured by means of single‐cell force spectroscopy. Adhesion dynamics and strength were characterized, and we present data about spatial distribution of elasticity and detachment strength.These results highlight the importance of cellular mechanics in brain metastasis formation and emphasize the enormous potential toward exploration of intercellular dynamic‐related processes.
Interdecadal change of South China Sea summer monsoon intensity in the mid‐1990s
Authors: Choi Ki‐Seon , Kim Hae‐Dong , Kang Sung‐Dae , Kim Do‐Woo 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis study analysed the interdecadal variation of the South China Sea summer (June–September) monsoon (SCSSM) in recent 32 years (1979–2010). The SCSSM showed a strengthening interdecadal variability starting from 1995, which was also verified in time series of precipitation and precipitable water averaged over the SCSSM domain. Thus, 32 years of total analysis period was divided into two: first half of past 16 years (1979–1994, hereafter 7994) and recent 16 years (1995–2010, hereafter 9510) thereby analysing a mean difference between 9510 and 7994 periods to determine causes of the strengthened SCSSM since the mid‐1990s. The spatial distribution of difference in outgoing longwave radiation, precipitable water, and precipitation between the two periods showed a typical La Niña pattern. The pattern which occurred during La Niña event has been verified through analysis on differences in 850‐ and 200‐hPa stream flows between the two periods. At 850 hPa, anomalous huge anticyclones were strengthened in the both hemispheres so that anomalous easterlies were strengthened in the equatorial central and western Pacific. As a result, the SCS was affected by anomalous southeasterlies. On the contrary, anomalous huge cyclones were strengthened in the both hemispheres at 200 hPa so that anomalous westerlies were strengthened in the equatorial western and central Pacific. This means that rising air from the tropical western Pacific since the mid‐1990s was moved to the east and then Walker circulation, which was descended at the tropical central and eastern Pacific, was strengthened. Due to the strengthened Walker circulation, La Niña events have been more dominant than before in recent years and as a result of this, SCSSM was more strengthened than before.
Gastric cancer in the young: An advanced disease with poor prognostic features
Authors: Rona Kais A. , Schwameis Katrin , Zehetner Joerg , Samakar Kamran , Green Kyle , Samaan Jamil , Sandhu Kulmeet , Bildzukewicz Nikolai , Katkhouda Namir , Lipham John C. 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESGastric cancer in young patients is rare. We analyzed the clinicopathological features and prognosis of early‐onset gastric carcinoma.METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed patients with gastric adenocarcinoma aged ≤45 years and >45 years at our institution over a 17‐year period. Clinicopathological features were compared and survival analysis was performed using Kaplan‐Meier curves.RESULTSA total of 121 patients with gastric carcinoma aged ≤45 years were identified. The young group (YG) had a higher incidence of stage III/IV disease (86.8% vs. 57.9%, P < 0.001), poorly‐differentiated carcinoma (95.9% vs. 74.4%, P < 0.001), and signet‐cell type tumor (88.4% vs. 32.2%, P < 0.001) relative to the older group (OG). The majority of tumors were in the middle third of the stomach in both groups (P = 0.108). Three‐year survival in the YG was 87.1%, 32.2%, and 6.9% in stage I/II, III, and IV disease, respectively. Surgical intervention in young patients with advanced carcinoma was not associated with improved survival. Although median survival was shorter in the YG compared to the OG (11.7 vs. 41.0 months, P < 0.001), stage‐specific survival was similar.CONCLUSIONEarly‐onset gastric cancer demonstrates advanced stage of disease, and a high incidence of poorly‐differentiated and signet‐cell type carcinoma. Overall survival is poor with no added benefit to surgical intervention in advanced disease.
Clinically small tonsils are typically not obstructive in children during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy
Authors: Miller Craig , Purcell Patricia L. , Dahl John P. , Johnson Kaalan , Horn David L. , Chen Maida L. , Chan Dylan K. , Parikh Sanjay R. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether the degree of lateral pharyngeal wall (LPW) obstruction on pediatric drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) correlates with preprocedure tonsillar hypertrophy score on physical examination, and to determine if clinically small tonsils are obstructive.MethodsRetrospective review of 154 patients who underwent DISE at a single pediatric tertiary care center over a 4‐year period. Inclusion criteria were documentation of Brodsky tonsil score on preoperative physical examination. Exclusion criteria were previous tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, or adenotonsillectomy. Lateral pharyngeal wall obstruction was graded for each patient from 0 (no obstruction) to 3 (severe obstruction) using a validated pediatric DISE scoring system known as the Chan‐Parikh scoring system (C‐P). Data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression controlling for age at time of DISE and presence of comorbid conditions.ResultsOne hundred fifteen patients met criteria for analysis. Median age at DISE was 5.1 years. A moderate positive correlation was calculated between Brodsky score and DISE score, Spearman correlation coefficient 0.55, P = < 0.001. Linear regression modeling determined that for every 1‐point increase in tonsil score, there was a 0.7‐point increase in C‐P LPW score (95% confidence interval [0.45, 0.92]). Sensitivity analysis did not detect a difference in correlation between children with comorbid conditions and children who were otherwise in good health. Of the 65 children with a pre‐DISE Brodsky tonsil score of 1, 39 (60%) had a LPW score of 0 (no obstruction); nine (14%) had a score of 1 (< 50% obstruction); 11 (17%) had a score of 2 (> 50% obstruction); and six (9%) had a score of 3 (100% obstruction).ConclusionThere is a positive correlation between Brodsky Score and DISE LPW score. The majority of children with sleep‐disordered breathing with a Brodsky score of 1 did not demonstrate LPW obstruction. These children may benefit from DISE for identification of alternative sites of upper airway obstruction.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:1943–1949, 2017
D‐amino acids do not inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation
Authors: Kao Wee Tin K , Frye Mitchell , Gagnon Patricia , Vogel Joseph P. , Chole Richard 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivePseudomonas aeruginosa, a known biofilm‐forming organism, is an opportunistic pathogen that plays an important role in chronic otitis media, tracheitis, cholesteatoma, chronic wounds, and implant infections. Eradication of biofilm infections has been a challenge because the biofilm phenotype provides bacteria with a protective environment from the immune system and antibiotics; thus, there has been great interest in adjunctive molecules that may inhibit biofilm formation or cause biofilm dispersal. There are reports that D‐amino acids may inhibit biofilms. In this study, we test the ability of various D‐amino acids to inhibit P. aeruginosa biofilm formation in vitro.Study DesignWe evaluated the effect of D‐alanine (10 mM), D‐leucine (10 mM), D‐methionine (10 mM), D‐tryptophan (10 mM), and D‐tyrosine (10 uM and 1 mM) on biofilm formation in two commonly studied laboratory strains of P. aeruginosa: PAO1 and PA14.MethodsBiofilms were grown in 24‐well and 96‐well tissue culture plates, documented photographically and stained with 0.1% crystal violet and solubilized in 33% glacial acetic acid for quantification.ResultsIn strains PAO1 and PA14, the addition of D‐amino acids did not result in an inhibitory effect on biofilm growth in 24‐well plates. Repeating the study in 96‐well plates confirmed our findings that D‐amino acids do not inhibit biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa.ConclusionWe conclude that D‐amino acids only slow the production of biofilms rather than completely prevent biofilm formation; therefore, D‐amino acids represent a poor option for potential clinically therapeutic interventions.Level of EvidenceN/A.
Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Therapy: A Journey Toward Safety
Authors: Pereira‐Leite Catarina , Nunes Cláudia , Jamal Sarah K. , Cuccovia Iolanda M. , Reis Salette 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe efficacy of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) against inflammation, pain, and fever has been supporting their worldwide use in the treatment of painful conditions and chronic inflammatory diseases until today. However, the long‐term therapy with NSAIDs was soon associated with high incidences of adverse events in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the search for novel drugs with improved safety has begun with COX‐2 selective inhibitors (coxibs) being straightaway developed and commercialized. Nevertheless, the excitement has fast turned to disappointment when diverse coxibs were withdrawn from the market due to cardiovascular toxicity. Such events have once again triggered the emergence of different strategies to overcome NSAIDs toxicity. Here, an integrative review is provided to address the breakthroughs of two main approaches: (i) the association of NSAIDs with protective mediators and (ii) the design of novel compounds to target downstream and/or multiple enzymes of the arachidonic acid cascade. To date, just one phosphatidylcholine‐associated NSAID has already been approved for commercialization. Nevertheless, the preclinical and clinical data obtained so far indicate that both strategies may improve the safety of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory therapy.
On the sensitivity of matching network to load variation for passive RFID sensor
Authors: Song Xiaotian , Wang Gang 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA novel study on sensitivity of matching network to load variation is presented in this work. In passive RFID sensor tag, it is desired that a small change in input impedance of tag antenna should yield a significant response, which can be achieved by a matching network with high sensitivity. In this work, network sensitivity is defined and maximum sensitivity matching network is acquired for certain source and load impedances. Several LC and microstrip matching circuits are designed and fabricated to verify the network sensitivity theory. By inserting a sensitive matching network to a temperature sensor tag in literature, three times higher sensitivity is achieved, which proves the merit of the theory. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:232–236, 2017
Design and fabrication of widely tunable sampled grating DFB laser diode integrated with sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector
Authors: Chung Youngchul , Oh Su‐Hwan 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA sampled grating distributed feedback (SGDFB) laser diode integrated with a sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector (SGDBR) is designed, fabricated, and characterized. In the proposed laser diode, only two tuning currents, one into the longitudinal mode tuning electrode and the other into the SGDBR tuning electrode, are required, which provides an easier tuning mechanism. A split‐step time‐ domain modeling is used to simulate the designed tunable laser diode and it is shown that a tuning range of about 27 nm with the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) larger than 50 dB for the particular device. The designed SGDFB‐SGDBR laser diode is fabricated using butt‐coupling interface between the active and passive waveguides in an InGaAsP/InP platform. The tuning range of the fabricated device is about 20 nm with the SMSR of about 30 dB. The fiber‐coupled output power is about 8mW for the tuned lasing modes. The measured results exhibit the proof‐of‐concept of the SGDFB‐SGDBR laser diode despite the room for improvement in the design and fabrication processes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:252–257, 2017
Experimental investigations of wearable antenna on flexible perforated plastic substrate
Authors: Kumar Raghvendra , Kumar Pankaj , Gupta Nisha , Dubey Rahul 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, the performance of a rectangular patch antenna on inexpensive perforated flexible plastic substrate is investigated experimentally. The antenna is designed for wearable application operating at Wi‐Fi and HiperLAN frequency bands. The regular perforations in the substrate material help in reducing the dielectric losses which is common with other textile materials thus improving the antenna performance. The prototype model of the proposed antenna is developed and measured. Various parameters such as return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and gain are presented to validate the suitability for wearable applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:265–270, 2017
Wideband SIWH‐plane dual‐ridged end‐fire antenna for conformal application
Authors: Li Jian , Huang Yongjun , Wang Ruizhen , Wang Yao , Wen Guangjun , Zhang Haobin 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA 6–18 GHz wideband substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) H‐Plane dual‐ridged end‐fire antenna is presented in this paper for conformal application. The dual‐ridged configuration is used to reduce the cut‐off frequency and the characteristic impedance of the SIW. Three groups of air‐vias applied in the front of the dielectric slab can improve the impedance matching. And two bending air slots are integrated in the top metallic layer of the SIW to correct the phase disorder and to further improve the impedance matching performance. With these novel improved designs, the proposed antenna shows experimentally a good impedance matching (|S11| < −7 dB) and exactly end‐fire gain (>4.2 dBi) performances in the frequency range of 6–18 GHz. The proposed antenna also keeps low‐profile and easy flush‐mounted characteristic which is suitable for conformal applications of high speed moving objects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:286–292, 2017
A variable gain CMOS phase shifter for phased array antenna applications
Authors: Mitra Dipankar , Roy Palash , Dawn Debasis 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis letter presents for the first time the development of a variable gain CMOS phase shifter using 0.18 µm CMOS process in the S‐band frequencies to be integrated with conformal phased array beamforming antenna for smart communication radar applications. The vector modulator based phase shifter has an integrated variable gain amplifier codesigned with the phase shifter circuitry in order to be capable of controlling both phase and gain simultaneously which is necessary to recover the degraded radiation pattern due to the conformal shaping of the phased array antenna. The phase shifter achieves measured continuous phase shift of 303° along with measured 7 dB gain control range over 2–2.60 GHz and an insertion loss of 7.12 dB at 2.2 GHz. The measured DC power consumption of the phase shifter is 34.2 mW from a 2 V supply with a smaller chip area of 1.12 mm2 including all pads. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:324–328, 2017
Optical fiber reach extended FMCW radar for remote respiratory tracking
Authors: Frejstrup Suhr L. , Monroy I. T. , Olmos J. J. Vegas 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTWireless monitoring of human vital signs such as breathing rate is a nonintrusive alternative to contemporary solutions relying on physical contact. To ease the installment, fiber optical transmission is used to extend the reach from the transmitter and receiver circuitry to the antenna subsystem. In this paper, a frequency modulated carrier wave radar, operating at 25.7–26.6 GHz and utilizing optical fiber extension, was experimentally demonstrated to accurately recover the breathing rate of a human placed 1 m away from the radar antennas. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:353–356, 2017
A low phase noise V‐band 40 NM CMOS phase locked loop for wireless communication
Authors: Zhou Qian , Han Yan , Zhang Shifeng , Han Xiaoxia , Jie Lu , Cheung Ray C. C. , Feng Guangtao 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis letter presents a V‐band phase‐locked loop (PLL) that employs mutual injection‐locking voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and zero blind zone phase frequency detector (PFD) to enhance phase noise performance. This architecture is physically implemented in 40nm CMOS process with a die area of 0.7 mm2. The silicon results demonstrate an in‐band phase noise of −90dBc/Hz at 500 kHz offset and −92dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset with 2.5 MHz bandwidth. The PLL draws 40.8 mA current (including output buffer) from a 1.2 V power supply while operating at 60.8 GHz. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:278–283, 2017
Design of compact diplexer with novel matching network using cascaded quadruplet filters
Authors: Shao Qiang , Chen Fu‐Chang 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis letter reports a new kind of matching network to design diplexer. The matching network is comprised by two open‐circuited and one short‐circuited transmission lines. By properly adjusting the input admittance of the matching network, each channel of the diplexer can be designed independently. Therefore, the diplexer can be easily realized by the connection of different bandpass filters without further tuning. Moreover, the proposed matching network occupies little place, and thus the size of the diplexer is mostly determined by the filters. Systematic design procedure for the network is fully presented in this letter. To illustrate the concept, a diplexer is designed, fabricated, and measured. Simulated and measured results are found to be in good agreement with each other. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:315–318, 2017
ELC metamaterial based CPW‐fed printed dual‐band antenna
Authors: Boopathi Rani R. , Pandey S.K. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis letter presents metamaterial (MTM) based dual band antenna. Two resonances are obtained by making use of square ELC (Electric‐inductive‐capacitive) resonator and CR (Closed Ring) resonator. This research evolves an antenna having dimension only of 21 × 30 × 1.6 mm3 which operates at two bands from 3.28 GHz to 4.52 GHz and from 5.20 GHz to 5.87 GHz. This antenna can be useful for WiMAX and WLAN transceiver at 3.5 GHz and 5 GHz band respectively. It can also be used in RFID applications at 3.9 GHz band. This paper includes the parametric investigations as well as measurement details. Simulation and measurement data have shown good equivalence which emphasis the practicability of the proposed antenna. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:304–307, 2017
Circularly polarized stacked antenna with broadband and high gain characteristics
Authors: Wei Jia , Jiang Xing , Peng Lin 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA broadband and high gain circularly polarized stacked antenna with small size was designed. The antenna includes a double‐Y type slot radiator and two slot‐loaded patches with chamfering. Right hand circular polarization performance is achieved by adjusting the length of the two branch of Y type slot. In order to expand the antenna impedance bandwidth and axial ratio (AR) bandwidth, multilayer structure was used. Two patches with chamfering were chosen for radiating element. With the form of orthogonal, rectangular slot cut on the center of the two patches, small size of antenna can be achieved. The measurements show that, the proposed antenna's −10 dB impedance bandwidth is 32.7% (from 4.1 to 5.7 GHz), the 3 dB (AR) bandwidth is 20.7% (from 4.4 to 5.4 GHz) and the gain of the antenna is about 9 dB, which agree well with the simulations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:292–298, 2017
A novel dual‐band circularly polarized slot antenna with fractal slot geometry
Authors: Shuai Xiang , Xiao Shaoqiu 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA compact circularly polarized (CP) antenna with fractal‐geometry characteristics for dual‐band applications is proposed in this paper. The antenna is fabricated on a 41 mm × 41 mm × 1.6 mm FR4 substrate with 10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 2.19–3.7 GHz and 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 2.3 − 2.5 and 3.39–3.55 GHz. The antenna is designed based on fractal theory and the working mechanism is investigated. Due to its unique slot structure, left hand circular polarization radiation is achieved at the upper hemisphere. Simulated results and measured results are given and analyzed in detail. The dual‐band CP performance demonstrates that the proposed antenna is well suited for the WLAN/WiMAX wireless applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:451–456, 2017
Self‐adapting conformal phased array antennas for complex changing surfaces
Authors: Mansutti Giulia , Khan SaeedM. , Capobianco A.D. , Iftikhar Adnan , Asif Sajid 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTConformal antennas placed on complex surfaces are gaining more attention as a method to increase coverage of modern wireless communication systems. These antennas are capable of adapting to surfaces that change shape in time thus raising the issue of keeping the radiation pattern undistorted when the array is deformed. In this work the projection method is exploited to solve this problem and to fabricate two new self‐adapting conformal array antennas: a 1 × 4 and a 1 × 6 arrays that bend according to an S‐shaped and a Z‐shaped surface respectively. These two conformal arrays consist of microstrip patch antennas distanced
from each other, a reconfigurable sensor circuit used to measure the curvature of the conformal surfaces and voltage controlled phase‐shifters through which phase‐compensation is implemented to autonomously recover the radiation pattern as the surfaces on which the arrays are placed change shape. Throughout this paper analytical computations, full‐wave numerical simulations and measurements are compared and shown to agree. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:393–399, 2017