bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cosolvents and Macromolecular Crowding on the Phase Transitions and Temperature-Pressure Stability of Chiral and Racemic Poly-Lysine
Authors: Knop Jim-Marcel , Winter Roland 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
FTIR spectroscopy has been used to reveal the effects of different types of cosolvents (TMAO, urea) as well as macromolecular crowding (using the crowding agent Ficoll) on the temperature and pressure dependent structure of poly-L-lysine, poly-D-lysine and their racemic mixture. Compared to the effects of cosolvents on the unfolding transition of proteins, their effects on the α-helix to aggregated β-sheet transition of polylysine are quite small. High hydrostatic pressure has been found to favor the α-helical state over the aggregated β-sheet structure which is reflected in a volume decrease of ΔV=−32 mL mol−1, indicating that the packing mode is more efficient in the α-helical structure. Both, addition of urea and TMAO lead to a decrease in pressure stability of the aggregated β-sheet structure, which is accompanied by a three-fold decrease in ΔV, whereas the macromolecular crowder has little effect on the β-to-α transition. The more than 3 kbar higher β-to-α transition pressure of the racemic mixture compared with PLL confirms the drastic stabilization of β-sheet aggregates if the stereoisomers PLL and PDL are combined. Changes in hydration and packing of the polypeptide occurs upon interaction and fine packing of the polypeptide’s chains of opposed chirality, which are slightly modulated by the properties of cosolute and crowding, only. The underlying solvational and packing mechanisms observed here may be decisive factors responsible for the spontaneous protein aggregation in general and, as such, may shed additional light on the molecular basis of amyloid-associated diseases.
Abdominal Vagal Afferents Modulate the Brain Transcriptome and Behaviors Relevant to Schizophrenia
Authors: Klarer Melanie , Krieger Jean-Philippe , Richetto Juliet , Weber-Stadlbauer Ulrike , Günther Lydia , Winter Christine , Arnold Myrtha , Langhans Wolfgang , Meyer Urs 
Published: January 2018

Reduced activity of vagal efferents has long been implicated in schizophrenia and appears to be responsible for diminished parasympathetic activity and associated peripheral symptoms such as low heart rate variability and cardiovascular complications in affected individuals. In contrast, only little attention has been paid to the possibility that impaired afferent vagal signaling may be relevant for the disorder's pathophysiology as well. The present study explored this hypothesis using a model of subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation (SDA) in male rats. SDA represents the most complete and selective vagal deafferentation method existing to date as it leads to complete disconnection of all abdominal vagal afferents while sparing half of the abdominal vagal efferents. Using next-generation mRNA sequencing, we show that SDA leads to brain transcriptional changes in functional networks annotating with schizophrenia. We further demonstrate that SDA induces a hyperdopaminergic state, which manifests itself as increased sensitivity to acute amphetamine treatment and elevated accumbal levels of dopamine and its major metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Our study also shows that SDA impairs sensorimotor gating and the attentional control of associative learning, which were assessed using the paradigms of prepulse inhibition and latent inhibition, respectively. These data provide converging evidence suggesting that the brain transcriptome, dopamine neurochemistry, and behavioral functions implicated in schizophrenia are subject to visceral modulation through abdominal vagal afferents. Our findings may encourage the further establishment and use of therapies for schizophrenia that are based on vagal interventions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe present work provides a better understanding of how disrupted vagal afferent signaling can contribute to schizophrenia-related brain and behavioral abnormalities. More specifically, it shows that subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation (SDA) in rats leads to (1) brain transcriptional changes in functional networks related to schizophrenia, (2) increased sensitivity to dopamine-stimulating drugs and elevated dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens, and (3) impairments in sensorimotor gating and the attentional control of associative learning. These findings may encourage the further establishment of novel therapies for schizophrenia that are based on vagal interventions.
TÜRKİYE’DE FAALİYETTE BULUNAN BÜYÜK HAVALİMANLARININ İÇ VE DIŞ HAT PERFORMANSLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: ÇINAROĞLU Eda , AVCI Tunahan 
Published: January 2018

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de faaliyette bulunan büyük havalimanlarının iç ve dış hatlarda göstermiş oldukları performans düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır Bunun için, çalışmada 2015-2016 yıllarına ait büyük havalimanı verileri kullanılarak, bu havalimanlarının etkinlik ve verimlilikleri araştırılmıştır. Etkinlik ölçümü ile havalimanlarının kendi aralarındaki, verimlilik ölçümü ile ise bir havalimanının önceki döneme göre performans düzeyi kıyaslanmaktadır. Yöntem olarak Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) tercih edilmiştir. Veri olarak üç adet girdi değişkeni (personel sayısı, terminal alanı ve uçak kapasitesi) ile iki adet çıktı değişkeni (yolcu sayısı, yük trafiği) kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, iç hatlarda her iki yılda da tam etkin olan havalimanları İstanbul Atatürk ve Adana havalimanlarıdır. Dış hatlarda ise, her iki yılda da İstanbul Atatürk ve Antalya havalimanlarının etkin olduğu belirlenmiştir. İç hatlarda en yüksek verimliliğe Trabzon havalimanının, en düşük verimliliğe Diyarbakır havalimanının sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Dış hatlarda ise en yüksek verimliliğe sahip havalimanı Mardin havalimanı iken, en düşük verimliğe sahip havalimanı Diyarbakır havalimanı olmuştur.
MARKANIN BENLİĞİ İFADE ETMESİ VE SOSYAL GÖRÜNÜRLÜĞÜNÜN MARKA AŞKI İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: UYAR Kumru , LEKESİZCAN Feyza Somtaş 
Published: January 2018

Bu çalışmanın konusu çok sınırlı sayıda çalışmada ele alınan marka aşkıdır. Tüketicinin işletme ile kurmuş olduğu duygusal bağın uzun dönemde sürdürülmesi marka aşkı kavramını günümüzde hem tüketiciler hem de üreticiler açısından oldukça önemli hale getirmektedir. Tüketiciler tarafından sevilen bir marka rekabette çok büyük bir güç elde edebilmektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, marka aşkı ile markanın benliği ifade etmesi ve sosyal görünürlüğü arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemektir. Çalışmanın amaçları doğrultusunda hazırlanan anket formu ile Kayseri il merkezinde yaşayan 459 tüketiciden toplanan veriler SPSS 22 paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, markanın hem iç benliği hem de sosyal benliği ifade etmesi ile marka aşkı arasında iki boyut açısından da orta düzeyde ilişkiler olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca marka aşkı ile markanın sosyal görünürlüğü arasında da orta düzeyde ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Markanın sosyal görünürlüğü, önceki literatürde ele alınmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın, marka aşkı literatüründe markanın sosyal görünürlüğünü ele alan ilk çalışma olarak konunun daha çok anlaşılmasına katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.
ÇALIŞAN BİREYLERİN YEŞİL ÜRÜN REKLAMLARINA YÖNELİK TUTUMLARINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİNE GÖRE FARKLILIKLARI
Authors: BENLİ Tahir , KARAOSMANOĞLU Kübra , TAŞ Özlem 
Published: January 2018

Doğanın her tür ihtiyaca cevap verecek şekilde dikkatsizce tüketilmesi ekolojik dengenin bozulmasına ve çevresel kaynakların tükenme noktasına gelmesine neden olmuştur. Doğanın yapısının zarar görmesi sonucu oluşan çevresel sorunlar sadece ekolojik sistemi etkilemeyip, insan sağlığı için de büyük sorun olmaktadır. Yaşam koşullarını sürdürecek kaynakların ve yaşam alanlarının giderek azaldığının farkına varan tüketiciler de tüketim sürecinde daha hassas davranma eğilimindedirler. İşletmeler de bu durumda varlıklarını güçlendirmek amacıyla ve diğer işletmelerle yaşadıkları rekabetten sıyrılmak için, ortaya koydukları ürün ve hizmetlerinin tanıtımında yeşil reklam uygulamalarına yönlenmişlerdir. Yapılan bu çalışma ile işletmelerin yeşil ürün reklamlarına yönelik çalışan bireylerin tüketici tutumlarını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve demografik özelliklere göre farklılıklarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda hazırlanan anket formu Kastamonu Merkez ilçede çalışan bireyler arasından kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 400 kişi üzerinde uygulanmış ve çalışan bireylerin işletmelerin yeşil ürün reklamlarına yönelik tutumlarını etkileyen faktörlerin cinsiyete, medeni duruma, yaşa, eğitime ve mesleğe göre anlamlı şekilde farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir
Tools Allowing Independent Visualization and Genetic Manipulation ofDrosophila melanogasterMacrophages and Surrounding Tissues
Authors: Gyoergy Attila , Roblek Marko , Ratheesh Aparna , Valoskova Katarina , Belyaeva Vera , Wachner Stephanie , Matsubayashi Yutaka , Sánchez-Sánchez Besaiz J , Stramer Brian , Siekhaus Daria E 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster plasmatocytes, the phagocytic cells among hemocytes, are essential for immune responses, but also play key roles from early development to death through their interactions with other cell types. They regulate homeostasis and signaling during development, stem cell proliferation, metabolism, cancer, wound responses, and aging, displaying intriguing molecular and functional conservation with vertebrate macrophages. Given the relative ease of genetics in Drosophila compared to vertebrates, tools permitting visualization and genetic manipulation of plasmatocytes and surrounding tissues independently at all stages would greatly aid a fuller understanding of these processes, but are lacking. Here, we describe a comprehensive set of transgenic lines that allow this. These include extremely brightly fluorescing mCherry-based lines that allow GAL4-independent visualization of plasmatocyte nuclei, the cytoplasm, or the actin cytoskeleton from embryonic stage 8 through adulthood in both live and fixed samples even as heterozygotes, greatly facilitating screening. These lines allow live visualization and tracking of embryonic plasmatocytes, as well as larval plasmatocytes residing at the body wall or flowing with the surrounding hemolymph. With confocal imaging, interactions of plasmatocytes and inner tissues can be seen in live or fixed embryos, larvae, and adults. They permit efficient GAL4-independent Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) analysis/sorting of plasmatocytes throughout life. To facilitate genetic studies of reciprocal signaling, we have also made a plasmatocyte-expressing QF2 line that, in combination with extant GAL4 drivers, allows independent genetic manipulation of both plasmatocytes and surrounding tissues, and GAL80 lines that block GAL4 drivers from affecting plasmatocytes, all of which function from the early embryo to the adult.
Nem szteroid gyulladáscsökkentők peroralis és transdermalis alkalmazása regionális mozgásszervi fájdalmi szindrómákban
Authors: Hodinka László , Bálint Géza , Budai Erika , Géher Pál , Papp Renáta , Somogyi Péter , Szántó Sándor , Vereckei Edit 
Published: January 2018

Abstract: In this review the available evidences regarding the most frequently applied medication (peroral and transdermal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents) for the most frequent musculoskeletal complaints (regional pain syndromes) have been collected for the appropriate medical professionals who are most frequently faced with these conditions (general practitioners, rheumatologists, orthopedics, occupational and sports medicine experts). The special population at risk (with repeated and high energy overuse because of occupational or sport activities) and the pathology of their syndromes are identified. Mode of action, pharmacological properties of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the unwanted effects of their application especially in infants and elderly are highlighted. Recommendations of the general and specific pain management guidelines have been selected and listed in the review. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(Suppl. 3): 3–30.
A magyar pszichiáter identitása. Egy tudományos felmérés tapasztalatai
Authors: Incze Adrienne , Kéri Szabolcs , Szekeres György 
Published: January 2018

Abstract: Introduction: A main determinant of professional identity is the integrity of the discipline. The complexity of psychiatry in biological, psychological and sociological aspects is a typical instance of the necessity for integration. Aim: Based on the bio-psycho-social dimensions and on their opinion about acceptance of psychiatry, we explored the professional identities of physicians working in Hungarian contemporary psychiatry. Method: Voluntary, anonymous responses were collected by using a 10-point evaluation scale on professional attitude, appreciation of psychiatry from lay society and other medical professions, and the importance of biology, psychology and sociology within psychiatry. Results: The 228 respondents showed a highly significant effect of basic sciences: biology was the most relevant followed by psychology and sociology. Specialists in psychiatry (n = 171) showed a more marked preference for biology than the trainees, while specialists in psychotherapy (n = 74) considered the psychological component significantly more important than other respondents. The public acceptance of psychiatry was low as compared with other medical professions. Conclusions: The consistency between self-image and profession shows that the multidimensionality of psychiatry is not primarily an individual challenge. The impact on identity shows the key importance of education. Improving the prestige of psychiatry requires keeping our professional identity up-to-date, communicating with physicians with different preferences, and cooperating with other medical professions. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(2): 58–63.
Elsődleges genetikai vizsgálat Prader–Willi-szindróma igazolására
Authors: Ács Orsolya Dóra , Péterfia Bálint , Hollósi Péter , Haltrich Irén , Sallai Ágnes , Luczay Andrea , Buiting Karin , Horsthemke Bernhard , Török Dóra , Szabó András , Fekete György 
Published: January 2018

Abstract: Introduction: According to the international literature, DNA methylation analysis of the promoter region of SNRPN locus is the most efficient way to start genetic investigation in patients with suspected Prader–Willi syndrome. Aim: Our aim was to develop a simple, reliable first-tier diagnosis to confirm Prader–Willi syndrome, therefore to compare our self-designed simple, cost-efficient high-resolution melting analysis and the most commonly used methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification to confirm Prader–Willi syndrome. Method: We studied 17 clinically suspected Prader–Willi syndrome children and their DNA samples. With self-designed primers, bisulfite-sensitive polymerase chain reaction, high-resolution melting analysis and, as a control, methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were performed. Results: Prader–Willi syndrome was genetically confirmed in 6 out of 17 clinically suspected Prader–Willi syndrome patients. The results of high-resolution melting analysis and methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were equivalent in each case. Conclusion: Using our self-designed primers and altered bisulfite-specific PCR conditions, high-resolution melting analysis appears to be a simple, fast, reliable and effective method for primarily proving or excluding clinically suspected Prade-Willi syndrome cases. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(2): 64–69.
Tompa pancreastrauma diagnózisa és kezelése
Authors: Kollár Dániel , Molnár F. Tamás , Zsoldos Péter , Oláh Attila 
Published: January 2018

Abstract: The management of thoracic and abdominal organ injuries has very thorough and extensive literature, including evidence-based protocols. Pancreatic trauma stands as an exception. Blunt or penetrating trauma of the pancreas is rather rare (less than 2% of all trauma cases, approximately 3–12% of all abdominal trauma), leading to the lack of high-level evidences regarding its treatment. Damage of the pancreas parenchyma can cause substantial morbidity and mortality, therefore it is essential to separate cases where conservative treatment suffices from those that need surgical approach. This study aims to review the conclusions of relevant articles of the past decades concerning the management of both adult and childhood pancreatic trauma. Classifications and their reliability are revised. We enlist scaling systems that can help in making decision whether to operate or to treat conservatively, from physical examination to diagnostic measures and complications. To date, the treatment principles of pancreatic trauma are not based either on prospective or on randomised trials. The database search of studies retrieved only retrospective and/or small case cohorts, case reports and expert opinions (levels 4 and 5 of evidence). However, it is a generally accepted conviction that the damage of the main pancreatic duct determines if the pancreatic injury is of low or high grade. Available classifications are based on the same principle. Conservative treatment is feasible given that the patient is hemodinamically stable and the pancreatic duct is unimpaired. If duct lesion is discovered, adult cases are to be treated with minimally invasive (percutaneous or endoscopic) measures or surgically (including reconstruction, resection and drainage). The management of childhood injuries has controversial literature. Many arguments can be enumerated on the operative as also on the non-operative approach, this confusion is to be clarified in the future. The highest morbidity rates are derived from the late diagnosis of the pancreatic duct, while increased mortality is seen in the polytrauma patient groups. Levels 1–2 evidence-based recommendations are needed, but planning of strong trials is critically limited due to the small number of cases and the heterogeneity of the relevant patient groups. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(2): 43–52.
Mellkasiaortastentgraft-beültetések Magyarországon 2012 és 2016 között
Authors: Fontanini Daniele Mariastefano , Fazekas Gábor , Vallus Gábor , Juhász György , Váradi Rita , Kövesi Zsolt , Kolossváry Márton , Szeberin Zoltán 
Published: January 2018

Abstract: Thoracic aortic endograft implantation has become a widespread procedure in recent years, yet no report is available about Hungarian outcomes. Examination of our results is crucial to define further treatment strategies. Analysis of perioperative data from Hungarian thoracic endograft implantations based on the experience of 5 years is presented. Our retrospective, multicentric study analysed voluntarily reported data from all Hungarian institutions where thoracic endograft implantations are performed. Information was collected from every procedure performed in 5 years. Between 2012 and 2016, 131 thoracic stent graft implantations were performed in Hungary (67.18% male, mean age 62.80 years). 25.19% of the procedures were acute. 13.74% of the patients were diabetic. Indications for the procedure were aneurysm (64.89%), dissection (17.56%), aortic trauma (6.87%) and other conditions (10.69%). 73.91% of the dissection cases were acute. 16.47% of repaired aneurysms were ruptured. Additional preoperative revascularization (debranching) was performed in 26.72% of the cases. Postoperative stroke occured in 4.58%, temporary hemodialysis was needed in 1.53%, bowel ischaemia was present in 2.29% and reoperation within 30 days was needed in 5.34% of all cases. Thirty-day mortality of the procedure was 9.92%, 5-year long-term mortality reached 16.03%. Endovascular repair of the thoracic aorta is an effective procedure and our national data comfirmed its advantages compared to open thoracic surgery. Further use of the procedure in Hungary depends on the centralised care in vascular surgery and financial matters. Multidisciplinary cooperation and proper logistics are needed to provide patients with optimal treatment. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(2): 53–57.
GaN Homoepitaxy for Device Applications
Authors: Kamp M. , Kirchner C. , Schwegler V. , Pelzmann A. , Ebeling K.J. , Leszczynski M. , Grzegory I. , Suski T. , Porowski S. 
Published: January 2018

Epitaxial growth on GaN single bulk crystals sets new standards in GaN material quality. The outstanding properties provide new insights into fundamental material parameters (e.g. lattice constants, exciton binding energies, etc.) being not accessible by heteroepitaxial growth on sapphire or SiC. With MOVPE and MBE we realized unstrained GaN layers with dislocation densities about six orders of magnitude lower than in heteroepitaxy. Those layers revealed an exceptional optical quality as determined by a reduction of the photoluminescence linewidth from 5 to 0.1 meV and a reduced XRD rocking curve width from 400 to 20 arcsec.Only recently, progress in surface preparation allowed morphologies of the layers suitable for device applications. We report on InGaN/GaN MQW structures as well as the first GaN pn- and InGaN/GaN double heterostructure LEDs on GaN single bulk crystals. Those LEDs are twice as bright as their counterparts grown on sapphire. In addition they reveal an improved high power characteristics, which is attributed to an enhanced crystal quality and an increased p-doping. Time resolved electroluminescence measurements proof that band/band recombination is the dominant emission mechanism for the InGaN/GaN LEDs.
IV Paracetamol for closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates admitted to a tertiary care centre
Authors: B. Sunil , Patel Shruthi , N. Girish 
Published: January 2018

Background: Ductus arteriosus is a vascular connection between the pulmonary artery and descending aorta. The incidence is inversely related to birth weight and gestational age (GA). In preterm infants it varies between 40% and 60% on the third day of life. At present, the choice of treatment of clinically significant PDA is with either ibuprofen or indomethacin, but they carry many contraindications and potential side effects. Hence it is important to consider that paracetamol may be used as an alternative to other non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and is effective in ductal closure with minimal side effects.Methods:Thirty six preterm infants with hemodynamically significant PDA(hs-PDA) were treated with intravenous paracetamol and subsequent closure was evaluated clinically and by follow-up 2D-Echo.Results: PDA closure following intravenous paracetamol was evident in 27 babies (75%). There were no significant side effects noted with paracetamol therapy.Conclusions: This study shows that paracetamol could offer favourable safety profile in comparison to current treatment options. Therefore, paracetamol may be accepted as a first-line drug treatment for PDA in preterm infants.