bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐early endosome antigen 1 autoantibodies were detected in a pemphigus‐like patient but not in the majority of pemphigus diseases
Authors: Nishikawa Ryuhei , Takahashi Hitoshi , Matsuda Mitsuhiro , Imaoka Kaoru , Ogawa Masahiro , Teye Kwesi , Tsuchisaka Atsunari , Koga Hiroshi , Komorowski Lars , Probst Christian , Hachiya Takahisa , Fritzler Marvin J. , Ishii Norito , Ohata Chika , Furumura Minao , Krol Rafal P. , Muro Yoshinao , Morita Eishin , Hashimoto Takashi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAlthough the major autoantigens in classic pemphigus are desmogleins, sera from various types of pemphigus react with a number of other molecules, including desmocollins and plakin proteins. However, other novel pemphigus‐related autoantigens remain to be identified. In this study, immunoblotting for serum from an atypical autoimmune bullous disease patient identified an unknown 175 kDa protein. Subsequent studies using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and mass‐spectrometry identified the 175 kDa protein as early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1). This finding was confirmed by subsequent immunological studies, including indirect immunofluorescence of skin and cultured keratinocytes, two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with anti‐EEA1 polyclonal antibody, and preabsorption with EEA1 recombinant protein. Finally, we developed a novel BIOCHIP assay using full‐length EEA1 recombinant protein to detect anti‐EEA1 antibodies. However, none of 35 sera from various types of pemphigus showed anti‐EEA1 antibodies in the BIOCHIP assay, with the exception of the serum from the index case. In addition, various findings in the index case did not suggest pathogenic role of anti‐EEA1 autoantibodies. Therefore, although we successfully identified the 175 kDa protein reacted by a serum of an atypical pemphigus‐like patient as EEA1, novel BIOCHIP study for other pemphigus sera indicated that EEA1 is not a common and pathogenic autoantigen in pemphigus.
Multiple lifestyle behaviours and overweight and obesity among children aged 9–11 years: results from the UK site of the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment
Authors: Wilkie Hannah J , Standage Martyn , Gillison Fiona B , Cumming Sean P , Katzmarzyk Peter T 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the independent associations between multiple lifestyle behaviours (physical activity, sleep, screen time (ST) and diet) and overweight and obesity in UK children. The second objective was to compare body mass index (BMI) z-score between children who meet health guidelines for each lifestyle behaviour and those who do not and to explore the impact of interactions between lifestyle behaviours on BMI z-score.Design, setting and participantsCross-sectional study on children aged 9–11 years in the UK (n=374).Outcome measuresParticipants were classified as overweight or obese using the WHO BMI cut-points. Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sleep duration were measured using an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer, whereas ST and dietary habits were assessed using questionnaires. Multilevel multiple logistic regression was employed to analyse associations between lifestyle behaviours and overweight/obesity. Participants were then categorised according to whether or not they met specific health criteria for MVPA, ST, sleep and diet. Multilevel multiple linear regression was used to compare these groupings on the outcome of BMI z-score and interactions were explored.ResultsMVPA and longer sleep duration were associated with lower odds of overweight or obesity, whereas ST and a healthy diet score were associated with increased odds of overweight/obesity. No association was found for an unhealthy diet score. Meeting MVPA guidelines was significantly associated with a lower BMI z-score in all models, and significant two-way interactions were observed for physical activity and sleep, ST and sleep, and physical activity and diet.ConclusionsMVPA, sleep and ST are important lifestyle behaviours associated with overweight/obesity among children. More research is required to confirm the role of diet on adiposity and such work would benefit from objective assessment. Overall, this work suggests that strategies aimed at improving compliance with health guidelines are needed.Trial registration number:NCT01722500.
Recovery From a First-Time Lateral Ankle Sprain and the Predictors of Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Doherty Cailbhe , Bleakley Chris , Hertel Jay , Caulfield Brian , Ryan John , Delahunt Eamonn 
Published: February 2016

Background: Impairments in motor control may predicate the paradigm of chronic ankle instability (CAI) that can develop in the year after an acute lateral ankle sprain (LAS) injury. No prospective analysis is currently available identifying the mechanisms by which these impairments develop and contribute to long-term outcome after LAS. Purpose: To identify the motor control deficits predicating CAI outcome after a first-time LAS injury. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Eighty-two individuals were recruited after sustaining a first-time LAS injury. Several biomechanical analyses were performed for these individuals, who completed 5 movement tasks at 3 time points: (1) 2 weeks, (2) 6 months, and (3) 12 months after LAS occurrence. A logistic regression analysis of several “salient” biomechanical parameters identified from the movement tasks, in addition to scores from the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) recorded at the 2-week and 6-month time points, were used as predictors of 12-month outcome. Results: At the 2-week time point, an inability to complete 2 of the movement tasks (a single-leg drop landing and a drop vertical jump) was predictive of CAI outcome and correctly classified 67.6% of cases (sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 55%; P = .004). At the 6-month time point, several deficits exhibited by the CAI group during 1 of the movement tasks (reach distances and sagittal plane joint positions at the hip, knee and ankle during the posterior reach directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test) and their scores on the activities of daily living subscale of the FAAM were predictive of outcome and correctly classified 84.8% of cases (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 91%; P < .001). Conclusion: An inability to complete jumping and landing tasks within 2 weeks of a first-time LAS and poorer dynamic postural control and lower self-reported function 6 months after a first-time LAS were predictive of eventual CAI outcome.
High-Throughput Evaluation System based on Fluorescence Intensity Distribution Analysis-Polarization to Investigate Carbohydrate–Carbohydrate Interactions
Authors: Iwamura Maho , Koyama Ryoichi , Nonaka Yuki , Dai Fumiko , Matsuoka Ryoji , Nakamura Masaki , Iwabuchi Haruo , Okada Takahiro , Hasegawa Teruaki 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We synthesized rhodamine-labeled β-lactoside and assessed its rotatory diffusion rates in aqueous media containing various oligosaccharides through fluorescence intensity distribution analysis-polarization measurements to find that its rotatory diffusion rates decrease in the presence of the coexisting oligosaccharides. Especially, the coexisting lactose lowered the rotatory diffusion rate more effectively than the other disaccharides did. This restrained rotatory diffusion arises from intermolecular carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions between the rhodamine-labeled β-lactoside and the coexisting lactose. We also detected intermolecular bindings between the rhodamine-labeled β-lactoside and monosialyl-disaccharides (3′- and 6′-sialyllactoses). These data clearly show that the fluorescence intensity distribution analysis-polarization-based system is quite advantageous to probe carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions.
Application of Grey Model GM(1, 1) to Ultra Short-Term Predictions of Universal Time
Authors: Lei Yu , Guo Min , Zhao Danning , Cai Hongbing , Hu Dandan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A mathematical model known as one-order one-variable grey differential equation model GM(1, 1) has been herein employed successfully for the ultra short-term (<10days) predictions of universal time (UT1-UTC). The results of predictions are analyzed and compared with those obtained by other methods. It is shown that the accuracy of the predictions is comparable with that obtained by other prediction methods. The proposed method is able to yield an exact prediction even though only a few observations are provided. Hence it is very valuable in the case of a small size dataset since traditional methods, e.g., least-squares (LS) extrapolation, require longer data span to make a good forecast. In addition, these results can be obtained without making any assumption about an original dataset, and thus is of high reliability. Another advantage is that the developed method is easy to use. All these reveal a great potential of the GM(1, 1) model for UT1-UTC predictions.
Ethnographic Methods are Becoming More Popular in LIS Research
Authors: Wakimoto Diana K. 
Published: February 2016

A Review of:
Khoo, M., Rozaklis, L., & Hall, C. (2012). A survey of the use of ethnographic methods in the study of libraries and library users. Library & Information Science Research, 34(2), 82-91. doi: 10.1016/j.lisr.2011.07.010

Objective – To determine the number of ethnographic studies of libraries and library users, where these studies are published, how researchers define ethnography, and which methods are used by the researchers.

Design – Literature survey.

Setting – The researchers are located at Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

Subjects – 81 ethnographic studies of libraries and library users.

Methods – The researchers conducted a literature survey, starting with a pilot study of selected library and information science (LIS) journals, to find ethnographic studies and to determine key terms in research using ethnographic methods. The researchers used these terms in the main study to identify more LIS research using ethnographic methods. The same journals used in the pilot study were then searched online as part of the main study, along with three LIS databases (LISA, LISTA, LLIS). The researchers also searched the open web in order to capture grey literature in the LIS field. All literature found, including those sources found through secondary citations, was screened for inclusion in coding. Studies with non-LIS settings were excluded as were studies that utilized non-ethnographic methods. The screened studies were coded to determine categories of methods used.

Main Results – The researchers found 81 articles, reports, and conference presentations that used ethnographic methods, which they compiled into a bibliography. This is an order of magnitude larger than that found by previous literature surveys. Of these studies, 51.9% were published after 2005. The majority (64.2%) of the studies were published in journals. Many studies did not provide clear or detailed definitions of ethnography and the definitions that were provided varied widely. The researchers identified themes which had been used to support ethnographic methods as a research methodology. These included using ethnographic methods to gain richer insight into the subjects’ experiences, to collect authentic data on the subjects’ experiences, and to allow flexibility in the methods chosen. They also included the use of multiple data collection methods to enable data triangulation. The five main method categories found in the literature were: observation, interviews, fieldwork, focus groups, and cultural probes.

Conclusion – Based on the relatively large number of ethnographic studies identified when compared to previous literature surveys and on the upward trend of publication of ethnographic research over the past five years, the authors noted that their overview study (and resultant compilation of literature from disparate sources) was important and time-saving for researchers who use or are beginning to use ethnography as a research methodology.
Debt Capacity And Debt Financing
Authors: Fosberg Richard H. 
Published: February 2016

The pecking order theory of capital structure predicts that firms will finance a significant proportion of their financial deficit (investments + dividends – operating cash flows) with debt capital. I also hypothesize that the amount of debt financing a firm actually uses is also related to its unused debt capacity. The empirical analysis in this study confirms that firms follow the pecking order theory in financing their financial deficits. Further, it is shown that firms with more unused debt capacity finance more of their financial deficits with debt than other firms. Specifically, the data indicates that firms with the most unused debt capacity finance approximately 50% of their financial deficits with debt while firms with less unused debt capacity finance approximately 25% of their financial deficits with debt. The data also indicate that a failure to adjust for credit availability in an empirical analysis of financial deficit financing will significantly under estimate the degree to which firms follow the pecking order theory. It is also confirmed that most firms seem to have a target capital structure but the actual firm debt ratio only reverts to the target at a rate of 5-10% per year. Additionally, the data also shows that a combination of an investment grade credit rating and relatively low debt outstanding is a better proxy for credit availability than the more commonly used total assets.
Arkansas Corporations Involve Employees In Programs Promoting Social Responsibility
Authors: White Gayle Webb 
Published: February 2016

The area of social responsibility discussed in this paper is limited to that which would involve the employees of the company directly. Numerous ideas involving social programs aiding children and the local communities, social programs relating to the particular business of the companies, and social programs the company could become involved in that have a national network affiliation are discussed. Examples of companies that utilize their benefits program to further environmental or social issues are included. Further, the paper should prove valuable to university business professors as enhanced lecture material for classes. The research should prove valuable to company executives wanting ideas as to specific programs in which they can involve their employees that have proven to be successful at promoting environmental or social responsibility. The importance of the topic was verified by the 2007 Fortune Leadership issue which contained the results of a survey of approximately 550 companies around the world noted for developing leaders. These companies reported community involvement as one of the top three reasons potential employees gave for choosing a company, thus enhancing recruitment and retention. The study of Arkansas corporations revealed the state to be a leader in promoting social responsibility among employees.
Linking Market Orientation To Strategy Through Segmentation Complexity
Authors: Zolfagharian Mohammad Ali , Cortes Angelica 
Published: February 2016

Relying on the cultural view of market orientation, we introduce segmentation complexity as a key mediator between market orientation (i.e., customer orientation and competitor orientation) and the strategies of differentiation, cost leadership, and innovation. Customer orientation is positively related to segmentation complexity, differentiation, and innovation, and negatively to cost leadership. Competitor orientation is positively related to all of these strategies. The indirect effects of both customer and competitor orientation are mediated through segmentation complexity, which is positively related to differentiation and innovation, and negatively to cost leadership.
Diagnostic Knee Arthroscopy and Partial Meniscectomy
Authors: Thompson Stephen R. 
Published: February 2016

Knee arthroscopy is the most commonly performed orthopaedic procedure in the United States. Indications have grown exponentially since the procedure was first popularized by Watanabe and Jackson. Treatment of meniscal tears is the most common reason for knee arthroscopy, with approximately 700,000 arthroscopic partial meniscectomies performed annually. Other indications include assistance for cruciate ligament reconstruction, osteochondral lesions, removal of loose bodies, synovectomy, and septic arthritis. Arthroscopy is accomplished with the use of two small incisions on either side of the patella at the anterior aspect of the knee. An arthroscope is inserted through one incision and used to view the image on a monitor, while the second incision is employed for instrumentation.
An examination with the patient under anesthesia should always be performed prior to the initiation of the procedure. The patient is positioned with the knee flexed and a lateral post secured to the side of the bed. Standard anteromedial and anterolateral portals are made, and an arthroscope is introduced through the anterolateral portal. Diagnostic arthroscopy is performed in a systematic fashion. Meniscal tears and other pathology are identified. With use of an arthroscopic probe, the features of the meniscal tear are determined. Arthroscopic punches and shavers are used to debride torn portions back to a stable rim.
Knee arthroscopy is a highly effective procedure. Outcomes after partial medial meniscectomy are good to excellent in 80% to 100% of patients. A recent cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated that knee arthroscopy is more cost-effective than coronary artery bypass surgery or total knee arthroplasty.
Bootstrap rank‐ordered conditional mutual information (broCMI): A nonlinear input variable selection method for water resources modeling
Authors: Quilty John , Adamowski Jan , Khalil Bahaa , Rathinasamy Maheswaran 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe input variable selection problem has recently garnered much interest in the time series modeling community, especially within water resources applications, demonstrating that information theoretic (nonlinear)‐based input variable selection algorithms such as partial mutual information (PMI) selection (PMIS) provide an improved representation of the modeled process when compared to linear alternatives such as partial correlation input selection (PCIS). PMIS is a popular algorithm for water resources modeling problems considering nonlinear input variable selection; however, this method requires the specification of two nonlinear regression models, each with parametric settings that greatly influence the selected input variables. Other attempts to develop input variable selection methods using conditional mutual information (CMI) (an analog to PMI) have been formulated under different parametric pretenses such as k nearest‐neighbor (KNN) statistics or kernel density estimates (KDE). In this paper, we introduce a new input variable selection method based on CMI that uses a nonparametric multivariate continuous probability estimator based on Edgeworth approximations (EA). We improve the EA method by considering the uncertainty in the input variable selection procedure by introducing a bootstrap resampling procedure that uses rank statistics to order the selected input sets; we name our proposed method bootstrap rank‐ordered CMI (broCMI). We demonstrate the superior performance of broCMI when compared to CMI‐based alternatives (EA, KDE, and KNN), PMIS, and PCIS input variable selection algorithms on a set of seven synthetic test problems and a real‐world urban water demand (UWD) forecasting experiment in Ottawa, Canada.
Sampling variability in estimates of flow characteristics in coarse‐bed channels: Effects of sample size
Authors: Cienciala Piotr , Hassan Marwan A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAdequate description of hydraulic variables based on a sample of field measurements is challenging in coarse‐bed streams, a consequence of high spatial heterogeneity in flow properties that arises due to the complexity of channel boundary. By applying a resampling procedure based on bootstrapping to an extensive field data set, we have estimated sampling variability and its relationship with sample size in relation to two common methods of representing flow characteristics, spatially averaged velocity profiles and fitted probability distributions. The coefficient of variation in bed shear stress and roughness length estimated from spatially averaged velocity profiles and in shape and scale parameters of gamma distribution fitted to local values of bed shear stress, velocity, and depth was high, reaching 15–20% of the parameter value even at the sample size of 100 (sampling density 1 m−2). We illustrated implications of these findings with two examples. First, sensitivity analysis of a 2‐D hydrodynamic model to changes in roughness length parameter showed that the sampling variability range observed in our resampling procedure resulted in substantially different frequency distributions and spatial patterns of modeled hydraulic variables. Second, using a bedload formula, we showed that propagation of uncertainty in the parameters of a gamma distribution used to model bed shear stress led to the coefficient of variation in predicted transport rates exceeding 50%. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of reporting the precision of estimated hydraulic parameters. When such estimates serve as input into models, uncertainty propagation should be explicitly accounted for by running ensemble simulations.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITIONSRK. AN KOORDINIERTE OLEFINLIGANDEN 3. MITT. TRANS‐ADDITION EINES NUCLEOPHILEN AN EIN AN PLATIN(II) KOORDINIERTES OLEFIN
Authors: PANUNZI ACHILLE , DE RENZI AUGUSTO , PAIARO GASTONE 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUntersucht wird die Addition der Amine (II) an den (+)‐Pt(II)‐Komplex (I) mit den Liganden in S‐Konfiguration.
ChemInform Abstract: REALISIERUNG VON PUFFERGEMISCHEN IN WASSER‐DIMETHYLSULFOXID‐GEMISCHEN, ANWENDUNG AUF DIE UNTERSUCHUNG VON NITRODIPHENYLAMINEN
Authors: HALLE JEAN‐CLAUDE , GABORIAUD RENE , SCHAAL ROBERT 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEs werden 14 Säuren, wie z.B. (I)‐(III), angegeben, die sich als stabile und weitgehend farblose Puffer für Wasser‐DMSO‐Gemische verschiedener Zusammensetzung eignen und die für einen weiten Bereich anwendbar sind.
ChemInform Abstract: POLAROGRAPHISCHES VERHALTEN EINIGER ALKYLARYLKETONE IN NEUTRALEN UND ALKALISCHEN MEDIEN
Authors: AVRUCKAJA I. A. , BELEVSKIJ S. F. , FIOSIN M. JA. , NGUEN VAN TCHAN NGUEN VAN TCHAN 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Phenone (Ia) zeigen bei der polarographischen Reduktion an der Hg‐ Tropfelektrode zu den Carbinolen (IIa) ein für Carbonylverbindungen normales Verhalten; der Grenzstrom besitzt Diffusionscharakter.
ChemInform Abstract: ORIENTIERUNG DER NITRIERUNG VON BENZALDEHYD
Authors: OESTMAN BOERJE , LINDGREN INGER 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMit rauchender HNO3 reagiert die Titelverbindung in Trifluoressigsäure (TFA) zu einem Isomerengemisch aus ca. 65% m‐, 32% o‐ und 3% p‐Nitrobenzaldehyd, wobei Temperaturänderungen keine wesentliche Rolle spielen.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISCHE RK. VON ALPHA‐HALOGENKETONEN 23. MITT. BEZIEHUNGEN ZWISCHEN RK.‐VERMOEGEN UND SOLVOLYSEEMPFINDLICHKEIT BEI TERT. ALPHA‐BROM‐KETONEN
Authors: KARAVAN V. S. , TIMOFEEVA L. A. , TEMNIKOVA T. I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Kinetik der Solvolyse der Bromketone (I) und (II) in bis zu 10% Wasser enthaltendem Äthanol bei 25°C wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. MIT DITERPENEN 11. MITT. SELEKTIVE EPOXIDIERUNG VON LABDADIENEN
Authors: POPA D. P. , TITOV V. V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDer Verlauf der Reaktion der Labdadiene (II) mit l Val Monoperphthalsäure in ätherischer Lösung bei Raumtemperatur wird ausschließlich durch die Natur des Restes R bestimmt: Aus den Dienen (IIa) erhält man die Epoxide (Ia), aus den Dienen (IIb) nahezu selektiv die Epoxide (IIIb).