bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postneoliberalism and Penality in South America: By Way of Introduction
Authors: Sozzo Maximo 
Published: March 2017

In the last two decades, there has been an extraordinary growth in incarceration rates in South America, with some variations across national contexts but generally in line with the same trend. Twenty years ago, incarceration rates were relatively low in most countries in the region; despite that knowledge, it has proved difficult to reconstruct the official data for that period. In 1992, with the exclusion of the small countries with less than one million inhabitants in the Northern region of South America such as Guyana, French Guyana and Surinam, only three countries had 100 prisoners or more per 100,000 inhabitants: Uruguay (100), Venezuela (133) and Chile (154) (see Figure 1). Several other national contexts reflected ‘Scandinavian’ rates, such as Argentina (62), Peru (69), Ecuador (75) and Brazil (74).
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Two new species of the spider genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from Tajikistan, with the first description of female Pholcus sidorenkoi Dunin, 1994
Authors: Dong Tingting , Zheng Guo , Davlatov Abdulaziz , Yao Zhiyuan , Li Shuqiang 
Published: March 2017

Two new species of the genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 are described from Tajikistan: Pholcus saidovi Yao & Li sp. nov. (♂♀) and P. shuguanensis Yao & Li sp. nov. (♂). The female of P. sidorenkoi Dunin, 1994 is reported for the first time. All belong to the P. nenjukovi species group.
Evidências léxico-gramaticais de representações na voz de ativistas e de homossexuais idosos
Authors: Da Silva Thiago Santos , Fuzer Cristiane 
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar recursos linguísticos usados na construção de representações sobre homossexuais idosos manifestadas no discurso de ativistas e dos próprios gays idosos no contexto da mídia. A perspectiva teórica que embasa este estudo é a Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY e MATTHIESSEN, 2004), com foco no sistema de transitividade. O corpus se constitui de textos publicados de 2006 a 2010 em diferentes fontes. A análise dos dados linguísticos evidenciou que os homossexuais idosos são representados ora como pessoas solitárias, vítimas de preconceito e sem políticas de proteção, ora como indivíduos que buscam no discurso quer dos representantes do discurso ativista quer dos próprios gays idosos no contexto da mídia em espaços homossexuais a fim de participar da luta pelos direitos LGBT.
Significados sem palavras: uma análise do livro infantil Bárbaro sob a perspectiva sociossemiótica
Authors: Heberle Viviane Maria , Constanty Verônica Pereira Coitinho 
Published: March 2017

A investigação de recursos multimodais na literatura infantil pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de possibilidades interpretativas críticas. Propomos, no presente estudo, uma análise do premiado livro brasileiro Bárbaro (MORICONI, 2013) sob a perspectiva da semiótica social1 . Inicialmente com base em Halliday e Matthiessen (2004), apresentamos as três metafunções presentes em qualquer texto, relacionando-as especificamente à Gramática do Design Visual (KRESS; van LEEUWEN, 2006) e a narrativas visuais (PAINTER; MARTIN; UNSWORTH, 2013). A seguir, efetuamos uma análise dessas metafunções (dos significados representacionais, interacionais e composicionais) no livro. Resultados sugerem que a análise empreendida permite a descrição detalhada sobre o desenrolar da narrativa, a sequência dos eventos, os personagens, suas ações, atributos e emoções, bem como a distribuição de elementos visuais, entre outras características. Esperamos que o estudo possa contribuir para o desenvolvimento de multiletramentos.
Efeito de borda na dinâmica de besouros em fragmento de Mata Atlântica de Tabuleiro
Authors: Brito-Silva Bianca Caitano , Pina Welber Da Costa , Silva Alessandro Oliveira 
Published: March 2017

O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar a coleopterofauna quanto à distribuição, riqueza de família e grupos tróficos, além de avaliar a sua resposta em relação à extensão do efeito de borda. Foram realizadas coletas bimensais de novembro de 2012 a maio de 2013, com armadilhas do tipo pitfall sem isca. Essas foram alocadas em três transectos perpendiculares à borda, equidistantes por 50 metros, cada um apresentando 10 armadilhas separadas por 100 metros, sendo o sentido do transecto da borda para a mata conservada, resultando em 30 amostras. Foram coletados 3.959 indivíduos distribuídos em 13 famílias das quais as mais abundantes foram Ptiliidae (34%), Scarabaeidae (29,7%), Staphylinidae (17,1%), Curculionidae (9%) e Nitidulidae (6,4%). Um padrão não monotônico foi observado para riqueza e abundância de famílias. Os grupos tróficos mais representativos foram os fungívoros (35,9%), detritívoros (30,6%) e predadores (17,8%), sendo comuns em faunas de solo. Apenas a distribuição dos detritívoros foi afetada significativamente pelo efeito de borda. Este trabalho é, portanto, uma contribuição importante para o assunto ainda pouco conhecido e complexo a ser estudado, dadas as particularidades apresentadas pelas diferentes taxas e tipos de borda.
MATTOSO CÂMARA E ARYON DALL’IGNA RODRIGUES: PIONEIROS DA LINGUÍSTICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Head Brian 
Published: March 2017

Depois de descrever os contextos dos contatos que o autor teve com o Professor Joaquim Mattoso Câmara Jr. e com o Doutor Aryon Dall’Igna Rodrigues, o presente texto trata da vida e obra de ambos, em seções sobre a preparação, as atividades docentes, a investigação científica e as publicações, as organizações profissionais e a influência, mostrando assim seu papel na implantação e promoção dos domínios da Linguística geral e da Linguística das línguas indígenas no Brasil.
OS NOMES E AS LÍNGUAS DE ARYON
Authors: Martins Taís Da Silva , Giachini Liana Cristina 
Published: March 2017

Este texto tem como objetivo trazer à tona o discurso sobre o importante linguista brasileiro Aryon Dall’Igna Rodrigues, posterior ao seu falecimento. Cabe ressaltar que analisamos, também, as condições de produção sócio-históricas que são constitutivas do discurso sobre esse pesquisador, entendendo-as como determinantes do dizer. Para tanto, constituímos um arquivo composto por textos veiculados na mídia eletrônica, a partir dos quais recortamos materialidades discursivas em que identificamos regularidades e descontinuidades em relação ao processo de designação. Nosso escopo teórico estabelece uma articulação entre a História das Ideias Linguísticas e a Análise de Discurso peucheutiana.
CONSOANTES EM FINAL DE PALAVRA EM PROTO-PÁNO
Authors: Oliveira Sanderson Soares Castro de 
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo é uma versão levemente modificada do capítulo 4 da tese Contribuições para a Reconstrução do Protopáno, orientada parcialmente pelo professor Aryon Dall’Igna Rodrigues, entre os anos de 2009 e 2012, e defendida sob a orientação da professora Ana Suelly Arruda Câmara Cabral. A tese é uma revisão da reconstrução do Protopáno apresentada em Shell (1975 [1965]), e o capítulo fundamenta: a) a existência de consoantes oclusivas (incluindo n, [Loos, 1978]) em línguas do subgrupo Mayorúna; b) a existência de uma alternância entre formas longas e formas curtas, relacionadas respectivamente aos casos ergativo e absolutivo; c) a existência de consoantes oclusivas em margem direita de sílaba em Protopáno.
EXPRESSÃO DE CASO ARGUMENTATIVO EM AVÁ-CANOEIRO DO TOCANTINS
Authors: Silva Ariel Pheula do Couto e , Cabral Ana Suelly Arruda Câmara 
Published: March 2017

Tratamos neste artigo da expressão do prefixo de caso argumentativo na língua Avá- Canoeiro do Tocantins (família Tupí-Guaraní), à luz das análises fundamentais de Rodrigues (1981, 1996 e 2001) sobre os prefixos casuais da língua Tupinambá. Damos sequência à análise de Borges (2006) sobre a expressão do caso argumentativo em Avá-Canoeiro, com base em dados recentes da variedade diatópica do Avá-Canoeiro do Tocantins. Argumentamos em favor da produtividade da flexão de caso nessa língua, com ênfase no caso argumentativo. Discutimos também a redução dos contextos fonológicos de ocorrência do alomorfe -a, o que consideramos prenúncios de sua perda na fala das próximas gerações.
Detailed seismic velocity of the incoming subducting sediments in the 2004 great Sumatra earthquake rupture zone from full waveform inversion of long offset seismic data
Authors: Qin Yanfang , Singh Satish C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe nature of incoming sediments defines the locking mechanism on the megathrust, and the development and evolution of the accretionary wedge. Here we present results from seismic full waveform inversion of 12 km long offset seismic reflection data within the trench in the 2004 Sumatra earthquake rupture zone area that provide detailed quantitative information on the incoming oceanic sediments and the trench‐fill sediments. The thickness of sediments in this area is 3–4 km, and P wave velocity is as much as ~4.5 km/s just above the oceanic crust, suggesting the presence of silica‐rich highly compacted and lithified sediments leading to a strong coupling up to the subduction front. We also find an ~70–80 m thick low‐velocity layer, capped by a high‐velocity layer, at 0.8 km above the subducting plate. This low‐velocity layer, previously identified as high‐amplitude negative polarity reflection, could have porosity of up to 30% containing overpressured fluids, which could act as a protodécollement seaward from the accretionary prism and décollement beneath the forearc. This weak protodécollement combined with the high‐velocity indurated sediments above the basement possibly facilitated the rupture propagating up to the front during the 2004 earthquake and enhancing the tsunami. We also find another low‐velocity layer within the sediments that may act as a secondary décollement observed offshore central Sumatra, forming bivergent pop‐up structures and acting as a conveyer belt in preserving these pop‐up structures in the forearc region.
The projected demise of Barnes Ice Cap: Evidence of an unusually warm 21st century Arctic
Authors: Gilbert A. , Flowers G. E. , Miller G. H. , Refsnider K. A. , Young N. E. , Radić V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAs a remnant of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Barnes Ice Cap owes its existence and present form in part to the climate of the last glacial period. The ice cap has been sustained in the present interglacial climate by its own topography through the mass balance‐elevation feedback. A coupled mass balance and ice‐flow model, forced by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 climate model output, projects that the current ice cap will likely disappear in the next 300 years. For greenhouse gas Representative Concentration Pathways of +2.6 to +8.5 Wm−2, the projected ice‐cap survival times range from 150 to 530 years. Measured concentrations of cosmogenic radionuclides 10Be, 26Al, and 14C at sites exposed near the ice‐cap margin suggest the pending disappearance of Barnes Ice Cap is very unusual in the last million years. The data and models together point to an exceptionally warm 21st century Arctic climate.
Thermal state of the Explorer segment of the Cascadia subduction zone: Implications for seismic and tsunami hazards
Authors: Gao Dawei , Wang Kelin , Davis Earl E. , Jiang Yan , Insua Tania L. , He Jiangheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Explorer segment of northernmost Cascadia is an end‐member “warm” subduction zone with very young incoming plate and slow‐convergence rate. Understanding the megathrust earthquake potential of this type of subduction zone is of both geodynamic and societal importance. Available geodetic observations indicate that the subduction megathrust of the Explorer segment is currently locked to some degree, but the downdip extent of the fault area that is potentially seismogenic is not known. Here we construct finite‐element models to estimate the thermally allowed megathrust seismogenic zone, using available knowledge of regional plate kinematics, structural data, and heat flow observations as constraints. Despite ambiguities in plate interface geometry constrained by hypocenter locations of low‐frequency earthquakes beneath Vancouver Island, the thermal models suggest a potential rupture zone of ∼60 km downdip width located fully offshore. Using dislocation modeling, we further illustrate that a rupture zone of this size, even with a conservative assumption of ∼100 km strike length, can cause significant tsunami‐genic deformation. Future seismic and tsunami hazard assessment in northern Cascadia must take the Explorer segment into account.
The Cd isotope composition of atmospheric aerosols from the Tropical Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Bridgestock Luke , Rehkämper Mark , van de Flierdt Tina , Murphy Katy , Khondoker Roulin , Baker Alex R. , Chance Rosie , Strekopytov Stanislav , Humphreys‐Williams Emma , Achterberg Eric P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractStable isotope compositions can potentially be used to trace atmospheric Cd inputs to the surface ocean and anthropogenic Cd emissions to the atmosphere. Both of these applications may provide valuable insights into the effects of anthropogenic activities on the cycling of Cd in the environment. However, a lack of constraints for the Cd isotope compositions of atmospheric aerosols is currently hindering such studies. Here we present stable Cd isotope data for aerosols collected over the Tropical Atlantic Ocean. The samples feature variable proportions of mineral dust‐derived and anthropogenic Cd, yet exhibit similar isotope compositions, thus negating the distinction of these Cd sources by using isotopic signatures in this region. Isotopic variability between these two atmospheric Cd sources may be identified in other areas, and thus warrants further investigation. Regardless, these data provide important initial constraints on the isotope composition of atmospheric Cd inputs to the ocean.
Plant Defences against Herbivore Attack
Authors: Kessler André 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Different from animals, plants can usually not run away from their attackers, such as herbivores, and have thus evolved a diverse arsenal of defences. These defences can be constitutive or inducible, they can be directly affecting the attacker or be mediated by a third organism (indirect defence) and span from physical structures, such as thorns, and reinforced cell walls to chemical defences (plant secondary metabolites) with toxic, antidigestive and antinutritive mechanisms of action. Plant secondary metabolite production is characterised by a very high diversity within and between compound classes, high functional redundancy, and multifunctionality. Moreover, they do not only mediate direct defensive functions by poisoning their attackers, but are the language with which information is transferred between organisms and that meditates complex interactions within the plants' associated communities. Biotechnological, plant breeding and biological control approaches can use the power of natural plant defences to control pests in agriculture, sustainably.

Key Concepts

Plants employ various direct and indirect mechanisms to defend against herbivores.

Direct defences include chemical defences and physical defences.

Plant secondary metabolites can mediate direct defences but also function as a vehicle of information transfer between organisms and so mediate complex interactions within the plant‐associated communities.

Direct chemical defences can function as toxins, antidigestive or antinutrive agents and so reduce the nutritive value of the plant tissues for an attacking herbivore.

Some secondary metabolites and physical structures can facilitate the presence and prey‐search behaviour of natural enemies of herbivores and so mediate indirect resistance.

Plant defensive traits, in particular resistance‐mediating metabolites, tend to be functionally redundant, while individual compounds have multiple functions on different levels.

Chemical and physical traits can be combined or function synergistically to reduce herbivore pressure.

According to optimal defence theory, young tissues of high value to plant fitness tend to be chemically defended, whereas older tissues have relatively strong physical defences.

Chemical defences, especially induced chemical defences, are tightly regulated by a complex interaction between endogenous and external elicitors and a subsequent signalling pathway crosstalk.

Natural plant defences provide multiple sustainable options for pest control in agriculture.
Architecture and the Sciences
Authors: Long Pamela O. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis essay suggests that the more recent historiography of the history of science, with its focus on practice, opens up a field of investigation into the many interrelationships between the early modern “new sciences” and activities undertaken by early modern individuals called “architects,” whose range of activities was wider than that of their modern counterparts. Concerning the latter, it gives examples of the activities of Francesco di Giorgio, Vignola, Palladio, and Juan de Herrera, among others. It also discusses individuals who practiced both architecture and one or more of the new sciences – including Christopher Wren, Robert Hooke, Gérard Desargues, Guarino Guarini, Teofilo Galluccini, and François Blondel. Finally, it explores the practices and values common to both disciplines in the early modern period, including an emphasis on the visual and the practice of mathematics.
Architects’ Libraries
Authors: Thomas Robin L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractArchitects read for many reasons. Some regard books as practical tools like the compass and rule, to be consulted for narrow professional needs. Vitruvius instead believed an architect should know science, history, mathematics, medicine, music, and philosophy. He was a learned builder, and his successors responded by expanding their libraries to buttress their education in remote fields. A leviathan collector like Nicodemus Tessin the Younger (1654–1728) amassed a bounty of drawings, prints, and books in order to represent all provinces in the realm of knowledge. In 1712 he published an inventory that reflected Vitruvius’ prescription, with multiple titles in all subjects. Yet Tessin's collection was the swansong of the seventeenth century. The Age of Enlightenment presented new challenges to the bibliophile. Knowledge raced in all directions, bringing new light to poorly understood realms of science and mathematics, new rigor to the study of politics, and new fervor to discourses on art and architecture. Learned men struggled to keep abreast of rapid advances, from Lavoisier's isolation of the elements to Herschel's discovery of Uranus. And the republic of letters grew more populous, accelerating the exchange and dissemination of information. Books fueled this explosion of knowledge. Titles poured forth in growing numbers, making information more accessible as they simultaneously made the ideal of universal knowledge more remote. Even though a number of architects owned, and contributed to, Diderot and d'Alembert'sEncyclopédie, buying books in order to possess all knowledge was no longer possible for even the most dedicated bibliophile. With the Vitruvian standard out of reach, the question arises as to how books were collected and used by architects of the eighteenth century. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of reading patterns and habits during the century, discuss the comparative sizes of architects’ libraries, how these books contributed to an architect's education, and explore how they used them in their professional practice. While many architects will be mentioned, the discussion will return to three of the best‐documented: John Soane (1753–1837), Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), and Luigi Vanvitelli (1700–73).
Hospital Architecture: Foundation, Funding and Form: The body natural as well as the body politic stands indebted1
Authors: Akehurst Ann‐Marie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe term “hospital” was traditionally a broad category, encompassing almshouses, public foundations, infirmaries dedicated to specific conditions, and asylums for the care and containment of psychiatrically disordered people. Michel Foucault pinpointed modern hospital origins at the end of the eighteenth century, yet infirmaries had existed from antiquity, so this chapter examines their architectural reinvention from caring religious foundations to agents of scientific cure. New perceptions of social problems—endemic disease, infant abandonment, or mental illness—required innovative approaches. Starting in seventeenth‐century France, hospital design was increasingly influenced by contemporary understandings of illness. As epidemiological knowledge was constructed and shared internationally, such medico‐scientific discourse shaped designs. Additionally, in Europe's maritime empires, warfare and alien environments combined with the commercial, strategic, and diplomatic imperative for healthy mariners, stimulating clinical innovation. These Enlightenment hospitals became normalized asfociof corporate philanthropic activity, morally legitimating emerging urban elites thereby aiding the construction of shared and personal identity. Their impact was political, economic, and social, for great hospitals came to symbolize scientific advancement in an enlightened benevolent society.
Monuments
Authors: Delbeke Maarten 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe French Revolution instigated a lively debate about monuments and monumentality, firmly rooted in older views while pointing forward to ideas about monumental architecture and heritage that remain influential today. Artifacts and buildings of the past were deemed of keen interest, both as the repudiated material traces of a political and religious system the new state wanted to eradicate, and as the shared “patrimoine” put into the care of the new collective. The same sense of historical rupture that shaped the notion of the “historical monument”—buildings deemed worthy of preservation and restoration because of their combined historical and artistic value—raised the question of how the new regime would eternalize its own achievements after the monumental forms of the past had been discredited. Building on the traditions of honorific monuments, of monumental historiography as practiced by antiquarians, and the Vitruviuan notion that good architecture is a monument to the society that builds it, theoreticians and practitioners devised multiple proposals for a new monumental architecture. Key questions they addressed concerned the exact purpose of the monument (commemoration, education, or improvement of the city), its most apposite medium (sculpture, architecture or, perhaps, the printed book), and finally its intended effect on the viewer.
Grand Théâtre De Bordeaux (1773–1780)
Authors: Armstrong Christopher Drew 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The Theater of Bordeaux occupies a prominent site on what was originally the glacis of a seventeenth‐century fortress adjacent to the core of the city. Designed by the academically trained architect Victor Louis, the theater was a major public amenity, one of a sequence of urban “embellishments” that were part of the modernization and expansion of Bordeaux. The theater is a masterpiece of stone construction and a major example of late‐eighteenth‐century neoclassical architecture.
Revivalism
Authors: Bressani Martin 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The chapter seeks to define the specific character and originality of nineteenth‐century revivalism in architecture, arguing that it is an inherently “modern” phenomenon, despite its appeal to the past. It thus emphasizes revivalism's paradoxical nature whereby the historical glance alone is thought capable of founding an authentic modern creative act, nourished by deep‐seated cultural roots. The relationship with the past in the nineteenth century is never naturally given and is subject to hauntings, rather than being a synthetic process of assimilation.