bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative trait loci mapping of adult‐plant resistance to leaf rust in a Fundulea 900 × ‘Thatcher’ wheat cross
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Qi Aiyong , Zhou Yue , Xia Xianchun , He Zhonghu , Li Zaifeng , Liu Daqun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWheat leaf rust (LR), caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia triticina (Pt), is a destructive foliar disease of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. The most effective, economic means to control the disease is resistant cultivars. The Romanian wheat line Fundulea 900 showed high resistance to LR in the field. To identify the basis of resistance to LR in Fundulea 900, a population of 188 F2:3 lines from the cross Fundulea 900/‘Thatcher’ was phenotyped for LR severity during the 2010–2011, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 cropping seasons in the field at Baoding, Hebei Province. Bulked segregant analysis and simple sequence repeat markers were used to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for LR adult‐plant resistance in the population. Three QTLs were detected and designated as QLr.hebau‐1BL, QLr.hebau‐2DS and QLr.hebau‐7DS. Based on the chromosome positions and molecular marker tests, QLr.hebau‐1BL is Lr46, and QLr.hebau‐7DS is Lr34. QLr.hebau‐2DS was derived from ‘Thatcher’ and was close to Lr22. This result suggests that Lr22b may confer residual resistance on field nurseries when challenged with isolates virulent on Lr22b, or another gene linked to Lr22b confers this resistance from ‘Thatcher’. This study confirms the value of Lr34 and Lr46 in breeding for LR resistance in China; the contribution of the QTL to chromosome 2D needs further validation.
Digital technology in fixed implant prosthodontics
Authors: Joda Tim , Ferrari Marco , Gallucci German O. , Wittneben Julia‐Gabriela , Brägger Urs 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDigital protocols are increasingly influencing prosthodontic treatment concepts. Implant‐supported single‐unit and short‐span reconstructions will benefit mostly from the present digital trends. In these protocols, monolithic implant crowns connected to prefabricated titanium abutments, which are created based on data obtained from an intraoral scan followed by virtual design and production, without the need of a physical master cast, have to be considered in lieu of conventional manufacturing techniques for posterior implant restorations. No space for storage is needed in the complete digital workflow, and if a remake is required a replica of the original reconstruction can be produced quickly and inexpensively using rapid prototyping. The technological process is split into subtractive methods, such as milling or laser ablation, and additive processing, such as three‐dimensional printing and selective laser melting. The dimensions of the supra‐implant soft‐tissue architecture can be calculated in advance of implant placement, according to the morphologic copy, and consequently are individualized for each patient. All these technologies have to be considered before implementing new digital dental workflows in daily routine. The correct indication and application are prerequisite and crucial for the success of the overall therapy, and, finally, for a satisfied patient. This includes a teamwork approach and equally affects the clinician, the dental assistant and the technician as well. The digitization process has the potential to change the entire dental profession. The major benefits will be reduced production costs, improvement in time efficiency and fulfilment of patients’ perceptions of a modernized treatment concept.
Implants for elderly patients
Authors: Schimmel Martin , Müller Frauke , Suter Valérie , Buser Daniel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn the developed world, the large birth cohorts of the so‐called baby boomer generation have arrived in medical and dental practices. Often, elderly patients are ‘young‐old’ baby boomers in whom partial edentulism is the predominant indication for implant therapy. However, the generation 85+ years of age represents a new challenge for the dental profession, as their lives are frequently dominated by dependency, multimorbidity and frailty. In geriatric implant dentistry, treatment planning is highly individualized, as interindividual differences become more pronounced with age. Nevertheless, there are four typical indications for implant therapy: (i) avoidance of removable partial prostheses; (ii) preservation of existing removable partial prostheses; (iii) stabilization of Kennedy Class I removable partial prostheses; and (iv) stabilization of complete prostheses. From a surgical point of view, two very important aspects must be considered when planning implant surgery in elderly patients: first, the consistent strive to minimize morbidity; and, second, the fact that coexisting medical risk factors are significantly more common in elderly patients. Modern three‐dimensional cone beam computed tomography imaging is often indicated in order to plan minimally invasive implant surgery. Computer‐assisted implant surgery might allow flapless implant surgery, which offers a low level of postoperative morbidity and a minimal risk of postsurgical bleeding. Short and reduced‐diameter implants are now utilized much more often than a decade ago. Two‐stage surgical procedures should be avoided in elderly patients. Implant restorations for elderly patients should be designed so that they can be modified to become low‐maintenance prostheses, or even be removed, as a strategy to facilitate oral hygiene and comfort in the final stage of life.
Screw retained vs. cement retained implant‐supported fixed dental prosthesis
Authors: Wittneben Julia‐Gabriela , Joda Tim , Weber Hans‐Peter , Brägger Urs 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA fixed dental prosthesis can be secured to an endosseous implant via cementation (using a provisional or definitive cement) on an implant abutment that is screw retained to the implant or directly in the implant via screw retention. The clinical decision as to which retention system best suits the individual patient depends on several factors. The aim of this review is to present a detailed overview of the factors potentially influencing whether to choose screw retention or cement retention. These factors include the individual indication, advantages and disadvantages of the different retention mechanisms, the retention provided, retrievability, provisionalization, esthetics and clinical performance, including failures and complications. The results of recently published systematic reviews on this topic are discussed and an overview is provided. A decision tree is presented to facilitate the clinical selection of the retention type. This overview concludes that the choice of retention type (screw retained or cement retained) might not influence the overall survival of the implant‐supported fixed dental prosthesis, but may be responsible for the development of certain complications. The decision may depend on technical feasibility and on weighing the pros and cons.
Current state of the art of computer‐guided implant surgery
Authors: D'haese Jan , Ackhurst Johan , Wismeijer Daniel , De Bruyn Hugo , Tahmaseb Ali 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe invention of computerized axial tomography (now known as computerized tomography) and developments of interactive software to allow virtual planning, with the aim to guide the surgery precisely toward a specific target, has dramatically improved general, as well as oral, surgery. Virtual dental implant planning allows for a prosthetically driven approach, resulting in the best possible design of the prosthesis, better esthetics, optimized occlusion and loading. This approach has also changed the surgical paradigm of using extensive flaps to obtain a proper view of the surgical area because flapless implant surgery, with or without immediate loading, has become more predictable. Two types of guided implant surgery protocols – static and dynamic – are described in the literature. The static approach, better known as computer‐guided surgery, refers to the use of a tissue‐supported surgical template. This reproduces the virtual implant position directly from computerized tomographic data and this information can be converted to guide templates to be used during surgery, with or without raising a mucoperiosteal flap. Dynamic guided surgery, also called navigation, reproduces the virtual implant position directly from computerized tomographic data and uses motion‐tracking technology to guide the implant osteotomy preparation. As the technology developed further, different levels of evidence were presented that showed various degrees of accuracy. Several protocols for guided surgery are available in the literature and are distinguished by different guide production techniques, methods of support and drilling/placement protocols. Currently, implant planning software using cone‐beam computerized tomography data has made it possible to plan the optical implant position virtually the optimal implant position, taking the surrounding vital anatomic structures and future prosthetic requirements into consideration. This paper summarizes the evolution and ongoing trends in digital and virtual planning and in implant surgery. The purpose of this overview was to clarify the different concepts in guided surgery and their respective advantages, disadvantages and limitations. The outcome of guided surgery is assessed in terms of implant survival, precision and complications. Clinical cases are given to demonstrate briefly the workflow and clinical guidelines for safe use of these approaches.
Implant surface roughness and patient factors on long‐term peri‐implant bone loss
Authors: De Bruyn Hugo , Christiaens Véronique , Doornewaard Ron , Jacobsson Magnus , Cosyn Jan , Jacquet Wolfgang , Vervaeke Stijn 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDental implant placement is a common treatment procedure in current dental practice. High implant survival rates as well as limited peri‐implant bone loss has been achieved over the past decades due to continuous modifications of implant design and surface topography. Since the turn of the millennium, implant surface modifications have focused on stronger and faster bone healing. This has not only yielded higher implant survival rates but also allowed modifications in surgical as well as prosthetic treatment protocols such as immediate implant placement and immediate loading. Stable crestal bone levels have been considered a key factor in implant success because it is paramount for long‐term survival, aesthetics as well as peri‐implant health. Especially during the past decade, clinicians and researchers have paid much attention to peri‐implant health and more specifically to the incidence of bone loss. This could furthermore increase the risk for peri‐implantitis, the latter often diagnosed as ongoing bone loss and pocket formation beyond the normal biological range in the presence of purulence or bleeding on probing. Information on the effect of surface topography on bone loss or peri‐implantitis, a disease process that is to be evaluated in the long‐term, is also scarce. Therefore, the current narrative review discusses whether long‐term peri‐implant bone loss beyond physiological bone adaptation is affected by the surface roughness of dental implants. Based on comparative studies, evaluating implants with comparable design but different surface roughness, it can be concluded that average peri‐implant bone loss around the moderately rough and minimally rough surfaces is less than around rough surfaces. However, due to the multifactorial cause for bone loss the clinical impact of surface roughness alone on bone loss and peri‐implantitis risk seems rather limited and of minimal clinical importance. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that certain patient factors, such as a history of periodontal disease and smoking, lead to more peri‐implant bone loss.
How to get statistically significant effects in any ERP experiment (and why you shouldn't)
Authors: Luck Steven J. , Gaspelin Nicholas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractERP experiments generate massive datasets, often containing thousands of values for each participant, even after averaging. The richness of these datasets can be very useful in testing sophisticated hypotheses, but this richness also creates many opportunities to obtain effects that are statistically significant but do not reflect true differences among groups or conditions (bogus effects). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how common and seemingly innocuous methods for quantifying and analyzing ERP effects can lead to very high rates of significant but bogus effects, with the likelihood of obtaining at least one such bogus effect exceeding 50% in many experiments. We focus on two specific problems: using the grand‐averaged data to select the time windows and electrode sites for quantifying component amplitudes and latencies, and using one or more multifactor statistical analyses. Reanalyses of prior data and simulations of typical experimental designs are used to show how these problems can greatly increase the likelihood of significant but bogus results. Several strategies are described for avoiding these problems and for increasing the likelihood that significant effects actually reflect true differences among groups or conditions.
Optimal measurements of hemodynamic response latency in fNIRS using the jackknife approach
Authors: Maheux Manon , Bisaillon‐Sicotte Étienne , Tabrizi Shirin , Armony Jorge L. , Lina Jean‐Marc , Jolicoeur Pierre 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFunctional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) permits measurements of changes in the concentration of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, typically with a higher sampling rate than with other imaging methods based on the hemodynamic response. We examined the potential of the fNIRS technique to estimate variations in the latency of hemodynamic responses to experimental events and sought optimal methods to maximize the reliability and reproducibility of latency effects. We used Monte Carlo simulations using subsamples of real fNIRS measures to estimate the statistical power of different approaches (such as fixed threshold, percent of peak, fractional‐area latency, for both individual‐subject estimates and estimates from jackknife averages) to detect a known simulated latency shift. The simulations used measures of hemodynamic responses in the temporal lobe from two groups of young adult participants who listened to auditory stimuli, one with a blocked presentation design and one with an event‐related design. We estimated the relative sensitivity of different latency measures and approaches to the measurement of latency effects of different magnitudes using realistic noise and signal‐to‐noise characteristics. In general, the jackknife approach provided the greatest statistical power to detect a known latency shift, without inflation of Type I error.
Data‐driven region‐of‐interest selection without inflating Type I error rate
Authors: Brooks Joseph L. , Zoumpoulaki Alexia , Bowman Howard 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn ERP and other large multidimensional neuroscience data sets, researchers often select regions of interest (ROIs) for analysis. The method of ROI selection can critically affect the conclusions of a study by causing the researcher to miss effects in the data or to detect spurious effects. In practice, to avoid inflating Type I error rate (i.e., false positives), ROIs are often based on a priori hypotheses or independent information. However, this can be insensitive to experiment‐specific variations in effect location (e.g., latency shifts) reducing power to detect effects. Data‐driven ROI selection, in contrast, is nonindependent and uses the data under analysis to determine ROI positions. Therefore, it has potential to select ROIs based on experiment‐specific information and increase power for detecting effects. However, data‐driven methods have been criticized because they can substantially inflate Type I error rate. Here, we demonstrate, using simulations of simple ERP experiments, that data‐driven ROI selection can indeed be more powerful than a priori hypotheses or independent information. Furthermore, we show that data‐driven ROI selection using the aggregate grand average from trials (AGAT), despite being based on the data at hand, can be safely used for ROI selection under many circumstances. However, when there is a noise difference between conditions, using the AGAT can inflate Type I error and should be avoided. We identify critical assumptions for use of the AGAT and provide a basis for researchers to use, and reviewers to assess, data‐driven methods of ROI localization in ERP and other studies.
Introduction to the special issue on recentering science: Replication, robustness, and reproducibility in psychophysiology
Authors: Kappenman Emily S. , Keil Andreas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn recent years, the psychological and behavioral sciences have increased efforts to strengthen methodological practices and publication standards, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the value and reproducibility of published reports. These issues are especially important in the multidisciplinary field of psychophysiology, which yields rich and complex data sets with a large number of observations. In addition, the technological tools and analysis methods available in the field of psychophysiology are continually evolving, widening the array of techniques and approaches available to researchers. This special issue presents articles detailing rigorous and systematic evaluations of tasks, measures, materials, analysis approaches, and statistical practices in a variety of subdisciplines of psychophysiology. These articles highlight challenges in conducting and interpreting psychophysiological research and provide data‐driven, evidence‐based recommendations for overcoming those challenges to produce robust, reproducible results in the field of psychophysiology.
Comparison between the AC and DC measurement of electrodermal activity
Authors: Pabst Oliver , Tronstad Christian , Grimnes Sverre , Fowles Don , Martinsen Ørjan G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecording electrodermal activity is a well‐accepted physiological measurement for clinical approaches and research. Historically, applying a DC (direct current) signal to the skin to measure the conductance is the most common practice for exogenous recordings. However, this method can be subject to error due to electrode polarization even with “nonpolarizing” electrodes—a problem that can be eliminated with alternating current (AC) methodology. For that reason, Boucsein et al. () called for research demonstrating an AC method that is validated by comparison to standard DC methodology. Additionally, the complex structure of human skin has electrical properties that include both resistance and capacitance, and AC recording enables the measurement of skin susceptance (associated with current flow through capacitors). Finally, AC recording permits the simultaneous recording of the endogenous skin potential. In this paper, the results from a direct comparison between both methods are presented, which has not been reported previously. The results demonstrated excellent agreement between a 20 Hz AC method and a standard DC method, supporting the validity of the AC recording methodology employed. The results also showed that an applied voltage of 0.2 V is sufficient for DC recordings.
Optimism moderates psychophysiological responses to stress in older people with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Puig‐Perez S. , Hackett R. A. , Salvador A. , Steptoe A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOptimism is thought to be beneficial for health, and these effects may be mediated through modifications in psychophysiological stress reactivity. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with reduced cardiovascular responses to stress and heightened cortisol over the day. This study assessed the relationships between optimism, stress responsivity, and daily cortisol output in people with T2D. A total of 140 participants with T2D were exposed to laboratory stress. Heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and cortisol were measured throughout the session. Cortisol output over the day was also assessed. Optimism and self‐reported health were measured using the revised Life Orientation Test and the Short Form Health Survey. Optimism was associated with heightened SBP and DBP stress reactivity (ps < .047) and lower daily cortisol output (p = .04). Optimism was not related to HR, cortisol stress responses, or the cortisol awakening response (ps > .180). Low optimism was related to poorer self‐reported physical and mental health (ps < .01). Optimism could have a protective role in modulating stress‐related autonomic and neuroendocrine dysregulation in people with T2D.
Relationship‐specific Investments and Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement with Heterogeneous Suppliers
Authors: Naghavi Alireza , Peng Shin‐Kun , Tsai Yingyi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of intellectual property rights (IPR) enforcement on multinationals' choice of input suppliers and industry profits in a host economy. The framework consists of suppliers with heterogeneous capabilities who must engage in a relation‐specific investment to customize intermediate inputs upon a transfer payment by final producers. An outsourcing contract with better technologically endowed suppliers requires a lower transfer and generates a higher surplus. Stronger IPR enforcement leads firms to self‐select into better quality suppliers on average by reducing their outside option. Weak legal institutions instead make it possible for a larger range of suppliers, including the less capable ones, to form partnerships by granting them a larger outside option. A better IPR environment is more likely to harm lagging countries where the technology distribution is characterized by less capable suppliers.
Cortical Color and the Cognitive Sciences
Authors: Brogaard Berit , Gatzia Dimitria Electra 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBack when researchers thought about the various forms that color vision could take, the focus was primarily on the retinal mechanisms. Since that time, research on human color vision has shifted from an interest in retinal mechanisms to cortical color processing. This has allowed color research to provide insight into questions that are not limited to early vision but extend to cognition. Direct cortical connections from higher‐level areas to lower‐level areas have been found throughout the brain. One of the classic questions in cognitive science is whether perception is influenced, and if so to what extent, by cognition and whether a clear distinction can be drawn between perception and cognition. Since perception is seen as providing justification for our beliefs about properties in the external world, these questions also have metaphysical and epistemological significance. The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the areas where research on color perception can shed new light on questions in the cognitive sciences. A further aim of the paper is to raise some questions about color research that are in dire need of further reflection and investigation.