bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal bone fracture related facial palsy: efficacy of decompression with and without grafting
Authors: Natour Amed , Doyle Edward , DeDio Robert , Samy Ravi N. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
This systematic review investigates the recent literature and aims to determine the approach, efficacy, and timing of facial nerve decompression with or without grafting in temporal bone fractures with facial palsy.

Recent findings
The surgical management of facial palsy is reserved for a small population of cases in which electrophysiologic tests indicate a poor likelihood of spontaneous recovery. The transmastoid (TM), middle cranial fossa (MCF), and translabyrinthine (TL) approaches to the facial nerve provide access to the entire intracranial and intratemporal segments of the facial nerve. In temporal bone (TB) related facial palsy, the peri-geniculate and labyrinthine portions of the facial nerve are most commonly affected by either direct trauma and/or subsequent edema. When hearing is still serviceable, the combined TM/MCF approach provides the best access to these regions. In the presence of severe sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), the TL approach is the most appropriate for total facial nerve exploration (this can be done in conjunction with simultaneous cochlear implantation if the cochlear nerve has not been avulsed). Grade I to III House-Brackmann (HB) results can be anticipated in timely decompression of facial nerve injury caused by edema or intraneuronal hemorrhage. Grade III outcomes, with slight weakness and synkinesis, is the outcome to be expected from the use of interpositional grafts or primary neurorrhaphy. In addition to good eye care and the use of systemic steroids (if not contraindicated in the acute trauma setting), surgical decompression with or without grafting/neurorrhaphy may be offered to patients with appropriate electrophysiologic testing, physical examination findings, and radiologic localization of injury.

Summary
Surgery of the facial nerve remains an option for select patients. Here, we discuss the indications and results of treatment as well as the best surgical approach to facial nerve determined based on patient's hearing status and radiologic data. Controversy remains about whether timing of surgery (e.g., immediate vs. delayed intervention) impacts outcomes. However, no one with facial palsy due to a temporal bone fracture should be left with a complete facial paralysis.
Mental Health and Mental Health Care Utilization Across Political Affiliation in US Adults
Authors: Ettman Catherine K. , Hatton C. Ross , Castrucci Brian C. , Galea Sandro 
Published: September 2024

In the past decade, depression has become more visible in the public conversation; depression has also become bound in national divides. We sought to assess (1) whether positive screen for depression is associated with political party affiliation and (2) whether use of mental health care varies by political affiliation. Positive screen for depression did not differ significantly for Republicans versus Democrats in Spring 2023. However, Republicans were less likely to have received treatment for their mental health in the past 12 months. Depression is a bipartisan issue, and improving access to mental health care could be a priority that unites political groups during the upcoming election season.
Risk Factor Prediction and Categorization for Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis: A Classification and Regression Tree (CART) Analysis
Authors: McNamara-Pittler Elyse N. , Prakash Ravi , Atem Folefac D , Pathak Rashmi , Liu Wenting , Khazzam Michael , Jain Nitin B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to apply Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis to determine factors associated with glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GH OA) and establish specific cut-off points for risk factors based on this methodology.

Design
The cross-sectional study included 3,383 participants with shoulder pain. Cases were selected for GH OA. Patients with other shoulder pathologies were included as controls. 33 potential risk factors were assessed. The CART analysis was used to determine the highest-ranked risk factors associated with GH OA. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was then performed using the cut-off points obtained from the CART analysis.

Results
The CART analysis showed that age and body mass index (BMI) were the two most significant risk factors for GH OA. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that age categories ≥31- < 58 years (OR = 8.92), ≥58- < 64 years (OR = 20.20), and ≥ 64 years (OR = 42.20), and BMI categories ≥25-30 kg/ m2 (OR = 1.47) and ≥ 30 kg/ m2 (OR = 1.71) had higher odds of developing GH OA compared to age < 31 years and BMI <25 kg/m2.

Conclusion
This was the first study to use CART analysis to evaluate significant risk factors for GH OA and establish cut-off points for increased risk. The findings present age categories that are distinct from the arbitrary age groups used in previous studies.
The Effect on Constipation of Abdominal Massage Applied to the Elderly in the Nursing Home
Authors: Çetinkaya Onur , Ovayolu Özlem 
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate how abdominal massage affects the constipation of the elderly in the nursing home. This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted with an intervention group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 31) in the nursing home of a government institution. A 15-minute abdominal massage was applied to the intervention group once a day, 5 days a week for 1 month. The control group received only routine treatment. The data were collected with a questionnaire, the Constipation Severity Instrument, the Visual Analogue Scale, the Bristol Stool Scale, and the defecation diary. It was determined that the Constipation Severity Instrument mean score, which was 40.6 ± 10.0 before the massage in the intervention group, decreased to 16.0 ± 11.6 after the application. The Visual Analogue Scale total score of the intervention and control groups, which was 40.2 ± 8.4 and 33.2 ± 5.9 before the massage, decreased to 18.7 ± 9.3 and 29.1 ± 6.58, respectively, at the end of the fourth week; the decrease was higher in the intervention group, and this difference between the groups was significant (p < .05). It was determined that abdominal massage applied to elderly individuals residing in a nursing home reduced constipation. In this sense, it is recommended for nurses to implement abdominal massage in the management of constipation for elderly individuals.
Pancreatic Tuberculosis Revealed by a Mass with Neoplastic Appearance: A Case Report
Authors: Hachimi Idrissi Mariam , Benass Jihane , Zegmout Adil , Tazi Imane , Ben Lahlou Yassine , Benaissa Elmostafa , Seddik Hassan , Chadli Mariama 
Published: September 2024

Introduction : Pancreatic tuberculosis is an extremely rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. This condition can be challenging to diagnose due to its rarity, nonspecific symptoms, and radiological features that may mimic a neoplastic origin.
Case report: A 46-year-old immunocompetent patient with no past history of tuberculosis exposure, presented with spontaneously resolving jaundice over the past month, accompanied by non specific fever episodes and general fatigue with no other associated digestive symptoms. Abdominal CT and MRI scans revealed a poorly defined, partially necrotic mass in the pancreatic head with heterogeneous hypodensity and enhancement after contrast injection. Additionally, there were nodal and hilar macro-nodal lesions with necrotic appearances, as well as peripancreatic lymphadenopathy. The patient was scheduled for an Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination which revealed the presence of a heterogeneous lesion with areas of necrosis in the posterosuperior aspect of the head and isthmus of the pancreas, accompanied by perilesional and celiac lymphadenopathies with necrotic centers. EUS-guided tissue sampling allowed the diagnosis of pancreatic tuberculosis, with both histological examination and GeneXpert MTB/RIF testing rapidly positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, followed by culture on solid Loewenstein-Jensen medium. The patient responded well to antitubercular chemotherapy .
Conclusion: Pancreatic tuberculosis, though rare, should be considered in cases of pancreatic masses, especially in endemic regions. Tissue samples with necrosis should be tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using GeneXpert and Loewenstein-Jensen culture. This work highlights the GeneXpert MTB/RIF test as highly sensitive, specific, and fast, making it ideal for diagnosing extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, particularly when smear results are negative.
PIEZO1variants that reduce open channel probability are associated with familial osteoarthritis
Authors: Jurynec Michael J. , Nosyreva Elena , Thompson David , Munoz Crystal , Novak Kendra A. , Matheson Derek J. , Kazmers Nikolas H. , Syeda Ruhma 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe synovial joints senses and responds to a multitude of physical forces to maintain joint homeostasis. Disruption of joint homeostasis results in development of osteoarthritis (OA), a disease characterized by loss of joint space, degeneration of articular cartilage, remodeling of bone and other joint tissues, low-grade inflammation, and pain. How changes in mechanosensing in the joint contribute to OA susceptibility remains elusive. PIEZO1 is a major mechanosensitive cation channel in the joint directly regulated by mechanical stimulus. To test whether altered PIEZO1 channel activity causes increased OA susceptibility, we determined whether variants affectingPIEZO1are associated with dominant inheritance of age-associated familial OA. We identified four rare coding variants affectingPIEZO1that are associated with familial hand OA. Single channel analyses demonstrated that all four PIEZO1 mutant channels act in a dominant-negative manner to reduce the open probability of the channel in response to pressure. Furthermore, we show that a GWAS mutation inPIEZO1associated with reduced joint replacement results in increased channel activity when compared with WT and the mutants. Our data support the hypothesis that reduced PIEZO1 activity confers susceptibility to age-associated OA whereas increased PIEZO1 activity may be associated with reduced OA susceptibility.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Olaparib Plus Paclitaxel in Patients with hereditary gastric cancer linked to a family history of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC)
Authors: Hayashi Takuma , Sano Kenji , Okada Mako , Muto Manabu , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a type of nematode, is a common cause of chronic stomach infection around the world. In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that H. pylori infection is a leading cause of gastric cancer (80%) worldwide and has specific carcinogenic factors. H. pylori infection is presumed to be the cause of gastric cancer in more than 98% of gastric cancer patients in East Asia, including Japan. However, only some types of gastric cancers are associated with H. pylori infection. Previous clinical studies have revealed that the bacterium secretes the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) antigen, which inhibits the nuclear translocation of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) or BRCA2, a factor that repairs damaged DNA. Accordingly, an association has been pointed out between hereditary breast and ovarian cancers (HBOC) and the development of gastric cancer; however, there is a lack of clarity about the detailed mechanisms underlying the development of gastric cancer by H. pylori infection. Using the information base on hereditary cancers built up through cancer genomic medicine, our group highlighted the higher incidence of gastric cancer in HBOC families, with a preponderance for gastric cancer in male patients from HBOC families. We also verified the safety and efficacy of using poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in patients with hereditary gastric cancer. The present study offers substantial evidence for guiding the establishment of early treatment for patients with advanced/metastatic gastric cancer in whom BRCA1/2 mutations have been detected.
Spike frequency adaptation in primate lateral prefrontal cortex neurons results from interplay between intrinsic properties and circuit dynamics
Authors: Koch Nils A. , Corrigan Benjamin W. , Feyerabend Michael , Gulli Roberto A. , Jimenez-Sosa Michelle S. , Abbass Mohamad , Sunstrum Julia K. , Matovic Sara , Roussy Megan , Luna Rogelio , Mestern Samuel A. , Mahmoudian Borna , Vijayraghavan Susheel , Igarashi Hiroyuki , Pradeepan Kartik S. , Assis William J. , Pruszynski J. Andrew , Tripathy Shreejoy , Staiger Jochen F. , Gonzalez-Burgos Guillermo , Neef Andreas , Treue Stefan , Everling Stefan , Inoue Wataru , Khadra Anmar , Martinez-Trujillo Julio C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecordings of cortical neurons isolated from brain slices and dissociated from their networks, display intrinsic spike frequency adaptation (I-SFA) to a constant current input. Interestingly, extracellular recordings in behaving subjects also show extrinsic-SFA (E-SFA) in response to sustained visual stimulation. Because neurons are isolated from brain networks in slice recordings, it is challenging to infer how I-SFA contributes to E-SFA in interconnected brains during behavior. To investigate this, we recorded responses of macaque lateral prefrontal cortex neuronsin vivoduring a visually guided saccade task and in acute brain slicesin vitro. Broad spiking (BS) putative pyramidal cells and narrow spiking (NS) putative inhibitory interneurons exhibited E-SFAin vivo. In acute brain slices, both cell types displayed I-SFA though their magnitudes differed. To investigate howin vitroI-SFA contributes toin vivoE-SFA, we developed a data-driven hybrid circuit model in which local NS neurons are driven by BS input. We observed that model NS cell responses show longer SFA than observedin vivo. Introducing inhibition of NS cells to the model circuit removed this discrepancy. Our results indicate that both I-SFA and inhibitory circuit dynamics contribute to E-SFA in LPFC neurons. They highlight the contribution of single neuron and network dependent computations to neural activity underlying behavior.
Tensions on the actin cytoskeleton and apical cell junctions in theC. elegansspermatheca are influenced by spermathecal anatomy, ovulation state and activation of myosin
Authors: Sadeghian Fereshteh , Grooms Noa W.F. , Chung Samuel H. , Cram Erin J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCells generate mechanical forces mainly through myosin motor activity on the actin cytoskeleton. InC. elegans, actomyosin stress fibers drive contractility of the smooth muscle-like cells of the spermatheca, a distensible, tube-shaped tissue in the hermaphrodite reproductive system and the site of oocyte fertilization. Stretching of the spermathecal cells by oocyte entry triggers activation of the small GTPase Rho. In this study, we asked how forces are distributed in vivo using the spermatheca, and explored how this tissue responds to alterations in myosin activity. Using laser ablation, we show that the basal actomyosin fibers are under tension in the occupied spermatheca. Reducing actomyosin contractility by depletion of the phospholipase C-ε/PLC-1 or non-muscle myosin II/NMY-1, leads to distended spermathecae occupied by one or more embryos, but does not alter tension on the basal actomyosin fibers. This suggests that much of the tension on the basal actin fibers in the occupied spermatheca is due to the presence of the embryo. However, activating myosin through depletion of the Rho GAP SPV-1 increases tension on the actomyosin fibers, consistent with earlier studies showing Rho drives spermathecal contractility. On the inner surface of the spermathecal tube, tension on the apical junctions is decreased by depletion of PLC-1 and NMY-1. Surprisingly, when basal contractility is increased through SPV-1 depletion, the tension on apical junctions also decreases, with the most significant effect on the junctions aligned in perpendicular to the axis of the spermatheca. This suggests tension on the outer basal surface may compress the apical side, and suggests the three-dimensional shape of the spermatheca plays a role in force distribution and contractility during ovulation.
Gigaxonin, mutated in Giant Axonal Neuropathy, interacts with TDP-43 and other RNA binding proteins
Authors: Phillips Cassandra L. , Faridounnia Maryam , Battaglia Rachel A. , Evangelista Baggio A. , Cohen Todd J. , Opal Puneet , Bouldin Thomas W. , Armao Diane , Snider Natasha T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiant Axonal Neuropathy (GAN) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in theKLHL16gene, encoding the cytoskeleton regulator gigaxonin. In the absence of functional gigaxonin, intermediate filament (IF) proteins accumulate in neurons and other cell types due to impaired turnover and transport. GAN neurons exhibit distended, swollen axons and distal axonal degeneration, but the mechanisms behind this selective neuronal vulnerability are unknown. Our objective was to identify novel gigaxonin interactors pertinent to GAN neurons. Unbiased proteomics revealed a statistically significant predominance of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) within the soluble gigaxonin interactome and among differentially-expressed proteins in iPSC-neuron progenitors from a patient with classic GAN. Among the identified RBPs was TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), which associated with the gigaxonin protein and its mRNA transcript. TDP-43 co-localized within large axonal neurofilament IFs aggregates in iPSC-motor neurons derived from a GAN patient with the ‘axonal CMT-plus’ disease phenotype. Our results implicate RBP dysfunction as a potential underappreciated contributor to GAN-related neurodegeneration.SummaryThis work reveals that the neurodegeneration-associated protein and cytoskeleton regulator gigaxonin and its mRNA associate with numerous RNA binding proteins. These findings shift understanding of normal gigaxonin function and provide insights into how disease-causing mutations in the gigaxonin-encoding gene (KLHL16) may ignite a pathogenic cascade in neurons.
Pannexin 1 crosstalk with the Hippo pathway in malignant melanoma
Authors: Sayedyahossein Samar , Huang Kenneth , Zhang Christopher , Karimi Mehdi , Bahmani Mehrnoosh , O’Donnell Brooke L. , Wakefield Brent , Li Zhigang , Johnston Danielle , Leighton Stephanie E. , Huver Matthew S. , Dagnino Lina , Sacks David B. , Penuela Silvia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, we explored the intricate relationship between Pannexin 1 (PANX1) and the Hippo signaling pathway effector, Yes-associated protein (YAP). Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data revealed a significant positive correlation between PANX1 mRNA and core Hippo components, YAP, TAZ, and Hippo scaffold, IQGAP1, in invasive cutaneous melanoma and breast carcinoma. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PANX1 expression is upregulated in invasive melanoma cell lines and is associated with increased YAP protein levels. Notably, our investigations uncovered a previously unrecognized interaction between endogenous PANX1 and the Hippo scaffold protein IQGAP1 in melanoma cells. Moreover, our findings revealed that IQGAP1 exhibits differential expression in melanoma cells and plays a regulatory role in cellular morphology. Functional studies involving PANX1 knockdown provided compelling evidence that PANX1 modulates YAP protein levels and its co-transcriptional activity in both melanoma and breast carcinoma cells. Importantly, our study showcases the potential therapeutic relevance of targeting PANX1, as pharmacological inhibition of PANX1 using selective FDA-approved inhibitors or PANX1 knockdown reduced YAP abundance in melanoma cells. Furthermore, our Clariom™ S analysis unveiled key genes implicated in cell proliferation, such as neuroglin1 (NRG1), β-galactoside binding protein, galectin-3 (LGALS3), that are affected in PANX1- deficient cells. In summary, our investigation delves into the intricate interplay between PANX1 and YAP in the context of invasive melanoma, offering valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for effective treatment.
Diel expression dynamics in filamentous cyanobacteria
Authors: Kennedy Sarah J. , Risser Douglas D. , Paul Blair G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFilamentous cyanobacteria of theNostocaceaefamily are able to differentiate into multicellular forms to adapt to environmental stresses, and members can establish symbiosis with various embryophytes. Representative laboratory strains are typically grown under continuous light to maintain stable metabolic conditions, however, this departure from a natural diel cycle can result in extended stress. Early genomic examination ofNostoc punctiformesuggests the genetic potential for a circadian clock, but we lack insight into global cellular dynamics through the natural diel cycle for this model organism. Here, we comprehensively assess changes in expression of core cellular processes and the mobilome of accessory genetic elements during diel growth ofN. punctiformePCC 73102. The primary transcriptome confirmed that multicellular cyanobacteria precisely coordinate photosynthesis and carbon assimilation for cell division during the day, while control of DNA recombination and repair appeared to be sequestered to darkness. Moreover, we expanded the known repertoire of light sensing proteins to uncover a putative regulator of circadian rhythm that itself exhibits striking oscillation between day-night expression. This was in sharp contrast to the arrhythmic pattern observed for a homolog of the canonical circadian regulator in unicellular cyanobacteria. Looking beyond cellular coordination of diel growth, we uncovered dynamic mobile elements, and notably, targeted hypermutation by retroelements that are likely maintained for conflict mitigation, which is crucial to a multicellular lifestyle.
Porphyromonas gingivalisouter membrane vesicles alter neuronal architecture and Tau phosphorylation in the embryonic mouse brain
Authors: Bradley Adrienne , Mashburn-Warren Lauren , Blalock Lexie C. , Scarpetti Francesca , Lauber Christian L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPorphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) is an oral bacterial pathogen that has been associated with systemic inflammation and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight and preterm birth. Pg drives these sequelae through virulence factors decorating the outer membrane that are present on non-replicative outer membrane vesicles (OMV) that are suspected to be transmitted systemically. Given that Pg abundance can increase during pregnancy, it is not well known whether Pg-OMV can have deleterious effects on the brain of the developing fetus. We tested this possibility by treating pregnant C57/Bl6 mice with PBS (control) and OMV from ATCC 33277 by tail vein injection every other day from gestational age 3 to 17. At gestational age 18.5, we measured dam and pup weights and collected pup brains to quantify changes in inflammation, cortical neuron density, and Tau phosphorylated at Thr231. Dam and pup weights were not altered by Pg-OMV exposure, but pup brain weight was significantly decreased in the Pg-OMV treatment group. We found a significant increase of Iba-1, indicative of microglia activation, although the overall levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IL-4, IL-10, and TGFβ mRNA transcripts were not different between the treatment groups. Differences in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα concentrations by ELISA showed IL-6 was significantly lower in Pg-OMV brains. Cortical neuron density was modified by treatment with Pg-OMV as immunofluorescence showed significant decreases in Cux1 and SatB2. Overall Thr231 was increased in pups exposed to Pg-OMV with the appearance of a secondary band of 60 kD. Together these results demonstrate that Pg-OMV can significantly modify the embryonic brain and suggests that Pg may impact offspring development via multiple mechanisms.