bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of the game in the development of motor skills during the physical education class
Authors: Bota Eugen 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Goal of this work : checking the influence of the dynamic game (taught in physical education lessons) on the development of motor skills in VIth class middle school students. Materials and methods: The study was conducted over a period of six months, involving 30 students: boys (15) and girls (15), aged between 12 and 13. The evaluation of the athletes’ physical capacity was done by performing the following tests: speed running 50 m, long jump on the spot, resistance running 800 m G / 1000 m B, trunk lifting from lying position to sitting. Given the nature of the study, it did not require the use of sophisticated equipments. Conclusions: Methodical practicing of physical exercises (dynamic games) proves itself more and more successful in terms of growth and normal, harmonical development of children and youth. In terms of motor skills, they have improved, which was revealed by the final testing results. Comparative analysis of the two test results across all samples showed that using dynamic games during the lessons had a positive effect on students. This drove to the effort capacity’s improvment with the parameters that were statistically significant in all the tests.
Relationship between Abnormal Cardiotocography and Fetal Outcome
Authors: Banu S 
Published: January 2016

Aims: This study aimed to determine the frequency of abnormal cardiotocography during labour and to evaluate the significance of these patterns in determining fetal well-being.Methods: This was cross-sectional study undertaken at sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from September 2009-September 2010. Hundred admitted pregnant women were enrolled for the study. Admission cardiotocography was done for 30 minutes in left lateral position and labeled as normal, suspicious or pathological. Suspicious pattern cardiotocography was repeated after hydration with 1000ml intavenous fluid and oxygen inhalation, if remained suspicious then action for delivery was taken. Mode of delivery was dependent on stage of labour.Results: Twenty three women had suspicious CTG traces and 77 had pathological.It was noticed that the percentage of various mode of dellivery were not much different among suspicious and pathological CTG groups with p value 0.668.The Apgar score observed as per mode delivery reveal that there was no significant association between Apgar score at 1 min and mode of delivery with pvalue 0.889. The association of poor Apgar in pathological CTG group was significant with p value 0.006. Fifteen (15.6%) neonates needed resuscitation and 81 (84.4%)did not require resuscitation.Conclusions: Abnormal CTG influence the fetal outcome, ie poor Apgar score at 1 min and 5 minutes, increased rate of caesarean section and neonatal resuscitation.
Health Behaviours and Awareness of Canada’s Food Guide: A Population-based Study
Authors: Mathe Nonsikelelo , Agborsangaya Calypse B. , Loitz Christina C. , Johnson Jeffrey A. , Johnson Steven T. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: Lifestyle behaviours among adults reporting awareness of Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) are described. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional survey of adults from Alberta were used to estimate the prevalence of reported health behaviours among respondents aware of the CFG. Results: Respondents (n = 1044) reported general awareness of CFG (mean age 50.3 years; 54.2% female) of whom 82.2% reported awareness of specific CFG recommendations. Respondents reported frequently reading food labels (>58.0%), reading the number of calories (45.5%), the amount of sodium (49.5%), the amount of fat (46.7%), and the type of fat (45.5%) on the food label. Most respondents (90.0%) reported frequently selecting foods to promote health. Approximately one-third of the respondents (35.8%) reported frequently consuming ≥5 portions of vegetables and fruit per day and regularly participating in physical activity (55.3%). Body weight was perceived as healthy by 63.4% of the respondents. Most engaged in 2 health behaviours frequently. Adjusting for important socio-demographic characteristics, those who reported frequently consuming ≥5 portions of vegetables and fruit per day were more likely to engage in a second health behaviour outlined in CGF (OR: 23.6, 95% CI (16.2–34.4)). Conclusion: Awareness of CFG did not translate to positive health behaviours. More proactive population level strategies to support specific health behaviours as outlined in CFG might be warranted.
Baby-led Weaning: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: D’Andrea Elisa , Jenkins Kielyn , Mathews Maria , Roebothan Barbara 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: To date, baby-led weaning (BLW) has not been examined in a Canadian population. This research investigated common BLW practices and compared associated knowledge and perceptions of practicing mothers and health care professionals (HCPs). Methods: Sixty-five mothers practicing BLW and 33 HCPs were surveyed using 2 online questionnaires. Mothers were recruited through the Newfoundland and Labrador BLW Facebook page and HCPs via email at 2 regional health authorities. Results: Mothers described BLW in terms of food shape and consistency (whole, solid); however, in practice, some mothers offered puréed foods such as infant cereals. More HCPs than mothers indicated choking, inadequate energy, and iron intake as concerns. Mothers relied on the Facebook page over HCPs for BLW information and support. Although all practicing mothers would recommend BLW to others, less than half (48.5%) of HCPs would support it in their practice. Conclusions: Mothers following BLW vary greatly in their experiences and adherence to BLW. They view the practice and its disadvantages very differently than HCPs. Although most HCPs were aware of BLW, few were familiar with specific practices. HCPs may benefit from a greater understanding of BLW to provide guidance to the growing number of mothers following this practice.
Renewing Democracy: The Rise of Green Politics in West Germany
Authors: Milder Stephen , Jarausch Konrad H. 
Published: January 2016

The September 2013 Bundestag election, which reelected Angela Merkelas chancellor, was a clear defeat for the Green Party. Alliance 90/TheGreens (henceforth the Greens) fared far better than the Free DemocraticParty (FDP), which failed even to score the five percent of the vote requiredfor representation in parliament, but still fell from 10.7 percent to 8.4 percent,losing five of their sixty-eight seats in parliament. Since in March ofthat same year, surveys had shown their support at 17 percent, this disappointingresult forced Jürgen Trittin, the leader of the parliamentary delegationto step down.1 In many ways, this perceived electoral debacle markedthe end of an era. The former Federal Minister of the Envi ron ment, whohad originally joined the party in 1980, told reporters that “a new generation” would have to step forward and lead the party into the 2017campaign. This statement suggested not only that the Greens’ rebelliousfounding impulse was spent, but also that they had become part of theestablishment in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), now requiring areinvigoration of their own. Since the Greens were once expected to be littlemore than a short-lived byproduct of the social conflicts of the 1970s, acloser look at the party’s founding moment at the beginning of the 1980smight shed new light on its current predicament.
AN INFRARED SEARCH FOR HDO IN COMET D/2012 S1 (ISON) AND IMPLICATIONS FOR iSHELL
Authors: Gibb Erika L. , Bonev Boncho P. , DiSanti Michael A. , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Paganini Lucas , Mumma Michael J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We performed a sensitive search for HDO in comet D/2012 S1 (ISON) on 2013 November 16, 17, and 22 using CSHELL and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. We constrained the HDO/H2O ratio to <2.0 VSMOW (the terrestrial ocean value) at the 3σ uncertainty level from two independent measurements corresponding to different H2O outgassing rates. This represents the best constrained HDO/H2O ratio for a comet using a small (3 m) telescope and illustrates that when CSHELL is replaced with iSHELL, 3 m class telescopes are still strong contenders for detecting minor volatile species in moderately bright comets.
PROPERTIES AND EVOLUTION OF THE REDBACK MILLISECOND PULSAR BINARY PSR J2129–0429
Authors: Bellm Eric C. , Kaplan David L. , Breton Rene P. , Phinney E. Sterl , Bhalerao Varun B. , Camilo Fernando , Dahal Sumit , Djorgovski S. G. , Drake Andrew J. , Hessels J. W. T. , Laher Russ R. , Levitan David B. , Lewis Fraser , Mahabal Ashish A. , Ofek Eran O. , Prince Thomas A. , Ransom Scott M. , Roberts Mallory S. E. , Russell David M. , Sesar Branimir , Surace Jason A. , Tang Sumin 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
PSR J2129−0429 is a “redback” eclipsing millisecond pulsar binary with an unusually long 15.2 hr orbit. It was discovered by the Green Bank Telescope in a targeted search of unidentified Fermi gamma-ray sources. The pulsar companion is optically bright (mean m

R
= 16.6 mag), allowing us to construct the longest baseline photometric data set available for such a system. We present 10 years of archival and new photometry of the companion from the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research Survey, the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey, the Palomar Transient Factory, the Palomar 60 inch, and the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope. Radial velocity spectroscopy using the Double-Beam Spectrograph on the Palomar 200 inch indicates that the pulsar is massive: 1.74 ± 0.18

. The G-type pulsar companion has mass 0.44 ± 0.04

, one of the heaviest known redback companions. It is currently 95 ± 1% Roche-lobe filling and only mildly irradiated by the pulsar. We identify a clear 13.1 mmag yr−1 secular decline in the mean magnitude of the companion as well as smaller-scale variations in the optical light curve shape. This behavior may indicate that the companion is cooling. Binary evolution calculations indicate that PSR J2129−0429 has an orbital period almost exactly at the bifurcation period between systems that converge into tighter orbits as black widows and redbacks and those that diverge into wider pulsar–white dwarf binaries. Its eventual fate may depend on whether it undergoes future episodes of mass transfer and increased irradiation.
MULTI-FREQUENCY RADIO PROFILES OF PSR B1133+16: RADIATION LOCATION AND PARTICLE ENERGY
Authors: Lu J. G. , Du Y. J. , Hao L. F. , Yan Z. , Liu Z. Y. , Lee K. J. , Qiao G. J. , Shang L. H. , Wang M. , Xu R. X. , Yue Y. L. , Zhi Q. J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The pulse profile of PSR B1133+16 is usually regarded as a conal double structure. However, its multi-frequency profiles cannot simply be fitted with two Gaussian functions, and a third component is always needed to fit the bridge region (between two peaks). This would introduce additional, redundant parameters. In this paper, through a comparison of five fitting functions (Gaussian, von Mises, hyperbolic secant, square hyperbolic secant, and Lorentz), it is found that the square hyperbolic secant function can best reproduce the profile, yielding an improved fit. Moreover, a symmetric 2D radiation beam function, instead of a simple 1D Gaussian function, is used to fit the profile. Each profile with either well-resolved or not-so-well-resolved peaks could be fitted adequately using this beam function, and the bridge emission between the two peaks does not need to be a new component. Adopting inclination and impact angles based on polarization measurements, the opening angle (

) of the radiation beam in a certain frequency band is derived from beam-function fitting. The corresponding radiation altitudes are then calculated. Based on multi-frequency profiles, we also computed the Lorentz factors of the particles and their dispersion at those locations in both the curvature-radiation and inverse-Compton-scattering models. We found that the Lorentz factors of the particles decrease rapidly as the radiation altitude increases. Besides, the radiation prefers to be generated in an annular region rather than the core region, and this needs further validation.
ANALYTIC PROPERTIES OF FORCE-FREE JETS IN THE KERR SPACETIME—II
Authors: Pan Zhen , Yu Cong 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We reinvestigate the structure of a steady axisymmetric force-free magnetosphere around a Kerr black hole (BH). The BH magnetosphere structure is governed by a second-order differential equation of A

ϕ
depending on two “free” functions Ω and I, where A

ϕ
is the ϕ component of the vector potential of the electromagnetic field, Ω is the angular velocity of the magnetic field lines, and I is the poloidal electric current. While the two functions Ω and I are not arbitrarily given, they do need to be self-consistently determined along with the differential equation. Based on the perturbation approach we proposed in paper I, in this paper, we self-consistently sort out two boundary conditions governing Ω and I, and interpret these conditions mathematically and physically. Making use of the boundary conditions, we prove that all magnetic field lines crossing the infinite-redshift surface also penetrate the event horizon. Furthermore, we argue that the BH Meissner effect does not work in a force-free magnetosphere due to the perfect conductivity.
DISCOVERY OF AN L4β CANDIDATE MEMBER OF ARGUS IN THE PLANETARY MASS REGIME: WISE J231921.92+764544.4
Authors: Castro Philip J. , Gizis John E. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the discovery of a young L dwarf, WISE J231921.92+764544.4, identified by comparing the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) All-Sky Catalog to the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). A medium-resolution optical spectrum provides a spectral type of L4β, with a photometric distance estimate of 26.1 ± 4.4 pc. The red WISE W1 − W2 color provides additional evidence of youth, while the 2MASS J − K
s color does not. WISE J231921.92+764544.4 is a candidate member of the young moving group Argus, with the space motion and position of WISE J231921.92+764544.4 giving a probability of 79% for membership in Argus and a probability of 21% as a field object, based on BANYAN II. WISE J231921.92+764544.4 has a mass of 12.1 ± 0.4

based on membership in Argus, within the planetary mass regime.
EVIDENCE FOR A VERY LOW-COLUMN DENSITY HOLE IN THE GALACTIC HALO IN THE DIRECTION OF THE HIGH LATITUDE MOLECULAR CLOUD MBM 16
Authors: Liu W. , Galeazzi M. , Ursino E. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Shadow observations are the only way to observe emission from the galactic halo (GH) and/or the circumgalactic medium (CGM) free of any foreground contamination from local hot bubble (LHB) and solar wind charge exchange (SWCX). We analyzed data from a shadow observation in the direction of the high latitude, neutral hydrogen cloud MBM 16 with Suzaku. We found that all emission can be accounted for by foreground emission from LHB and SWCX, plus power-law emission associated with unresolved point sources. The GH/CGM in the direction of MBM 16 is negligible or inexistent in our observation, with upper limits on the emission measure of

pc cm−6 (90% C.L.-solar metallicity), at the lowest end of current estimates.
MERGERS AND STAR FORMATION: THE ENVIRONMENT AND STELLAR MASS GROWTH OF THE PROGENITORS OF ULTRA-MASSIVE GALAXIES SINCE Z = 2
Authors: Vulcani Benedetta , Marchesini Danilo , De Lucia Gabriella , Muzzin Adam , Stefanon Mauro , Brammer Gabriel B. , Labbé Ivo , Le Fèvre Olivier , Milvang-Jensen Bo 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The growth of galaxies is a key problem in understanding the structure and evolution of the universe. Galaxies grow their stellar mass by a combination of star formation and mergers, with a relative importance that is redshift dependent. Theoretical models predict quantitatively different contributions from the two channels; measuring these from the data is a crucial constraint. Exploiting the UltraVISTA catalog and a unique sample of progenitors of local ultra-massive galaxies selected with an abundance matching approach, we quantify the role of the two mechanisms from z = 2 to 0. We also compare our results to two independent incarnations of semi-analytic models. At all redshifts, progenitors are found in a variety of environments, ranging from being isolated to having 5–10 companions with mass ratio at least 1:10 within a projected radius of 500 kpc. In models, progenitors have a systematically larger number of companions, entailing a larger mass growth for mergers than in observations, at all redshifts. Generally, in both observations and models, the inferred and the expected mass growth roughly agree, within the uncertainties. Overall, our analysis confirms the model predictions, showing how the growth history of massive galaxies is dominated by in situ star formation at z ∼ 2, both star formation and mergers at 1 < z < 2, and by mergers alone at z < 1. Nonetheless, detailed comparisons still point out tensions between the expected mass growth and our results, which might be due to either an incorrect progenitors-descendants selection, uncertainties on star-formation rate and mass estimates, or the adopted assumptions on merger rates.
THE FATE OF A RED NUGGET: IN SITU STAR FORMATION OF SATELLITES AROUND A MASSIVE COMPACT GALAXY
Authors: Morishita Takahiro , Ichikawa Takashi 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
To study the accretion phase for local massive galaxies, we search accreting satellites around a massive compact galaxy (

), spectroscopically confirmed (

) in the eXtreme Deep Field, which has been originally reported in Szomoru et al. We detect 1369 satellite candidates within the projected virial radius (

kpc) of the compact galaxy in the all-combined Advanced Camera for Surveys image, with a

-limiting magnitude of

ABmag, which corresponds to

at the redshift. The photometric redshift measured with 12 multi-band images confirms 34 satellites out of the candidates. Most of the satellites are found to have rest-frame colors consistent with star-forming galaxies. We investigate the relation between stellar mass and star formation rate (the star formation main sequence), and find a steeper slope at the low-mass end (

), while more massive satellites are consistently on the sequence reported in previous studies. Within the uncertainties of star formation and photometric redshift, we conjecture possible scenarios for the compact galaxy which evolves to a local massive galaxy by way of significant size and mass growth. While the merging of the existing total stellar mass in the satellites is not enough to explain the mass growth predicted by observations and simulations, the contribution by in situ star formation in the satellites could compensate for the deficit. Provided that most satellites keep the observed in situ star formation and then quench before they accrete by, e.g., environmental quenching, the compact galaxy would become a massive early-type galaxy consistent with the local size–mass relation.
THE KEPLER-454 SYSTEM: A SMALL, NOT-ROCKY INNER PLANET, A JOVIAN WORLD, AND A DISTANT COMPANION
Authors: Gettel Sara , Charbonneau David , Dressing Courtney D. , Buchhave Lars A. , Dumusque Xavier , Vanderburg Andrew , Bonomo Aldo S. , Malavolta Luca , Pepe Francesco , Cameron Andrew Collier , Latham David W. , Udry Stéphane , Marcy Geoffrey W. , Isaacson Howard , Howard Andrew W. , Davies Guy R. , Aguirre Victor Silva , Kjeldsen Hans , Bedding Timothy R. , Lopez Eric , Affer Laura , Cosentino Rosario , Figueira Pedro , Fiorenzano Aldo F. M. , Harutyunyan Avet , Johnson John Asher , Lopez-Morales Mercedes , Lovis Christophe , Mayor Michel , Micela Giusi , Molinari Emilio , Motalebi Fatemeh , Phillips David F. , Piotto Giampaolo , Queloz Didier , Rice Ken , Sasselov Dimitar , Ségransan Damien , Sozzetti Alessandro , Watson Chris , Basu Sarbani , Campante Tiago L. , Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen , Kawaler Steven D. , Metcalfe Travis S. , Handberg Rasmus , Lund Mikkel N. , Lundkvist Mia S. , Huber Daniel , Chaplin William J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Kepler-454 (KOI-273) is a relatively bright (V = 11.69 mag), Sun-like star that hosts a transiting planet candidate in a 10.6 day orbit. From spectroscopy, we estimate the stellar temperature to be 5687 ± 50 K, its metallicity to be [m/H] = 0.32 ± 0.08, and the projected rotational velocity to be v sin i < 2.4 km s−1. We combine these values with a study of the asteroseismic frequencies from short cadence Kepler data to estimate the stellar mass to be

, the radius to be 1.066 ± 0.012 R
⊙, and the age to be

Gyr. We estimate the radius of the 10.6 day planet as 2.37 ± 0.13 R
⊕. Using 63 radial velocity observations obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and 36 observations made with the HIRES spectrograph at the Keck Observatory, we measure the mass of this planet to be 6.8 ± 1.4 M
⊕. We also detect two additional non-transiting companions, a planet with a minimum mass of 4.46 ± 0.12 M

J
in a nearly circular 524 day orbit and a massive companion with a period >10 years and mass >12.1 M

J
. The 12 exoplanets with radii <2.7 R
⊕ and precise mass measurements appear to fall into two populations, with those <1.6 R
⊕ following an Earth-like composition curve and larger planets requiring a significant fraction of volatiles. With a density of 2.76 ± 0.73 g cm−3, Kepler-454b lies near the mass transition between these two populations and requires the presence of volatiles and/or H/He gas.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY FOR ASTROPHYSICISTS: A SELF-CONSISTENT FORMALISM AND ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR ARBITRARY C/O
Authors: Heng Kevin , Lyons James R. , Tsai Shang-Min 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a self-consistent formalism for computing and understanding the atmospheric chemistry of exoplanets from the viewpoint of an astrophysicist. Starting from the first law of thermodynamics, we demonstrate that the van’t Hoff equation (which describes the equilibrium constant), Arrhenius equation (which describes the rate coefficients), and procedures associated with the Gibbs free energy (minimization, rescaling) have a common physical and mathematical origin. We address an ambiguity associated with the equilibrium constant, which is used to relate the forward and reverse rate coefficients, and restate its two definitions. By necessity, one of the equilibrium constants must be dimensionless and equate to an exponential function involving the Gibbs free energy, while the other is a ratio of rate coefficients and must therefore possess physical units. We demonstrate that the Arrhenius equation takes on a functional form that is more general than previously stated without recourse to tagging on ad hoc functional forms. Finally, we derive analytical models of chemical systems, in equilibrium, with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. We include acetylene and are able to reproduce several key trends, versus temperature and carbon-to-oxygen ratio, published in the literature. The rich variety of behavior that mixing ratios exhibit as a function of the carbon-to-oxygen ratio is merely the outcome of stoichiometric book-keeping and not the direct consequence of temperature or pressure variations.