bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial substrate specificity in beetle flight muscle: assessing respiratory oxygen flux in small samples from Dermestes maculatus and Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Newell Christopher , Kane Constance L. , Kane Daniel A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn the present study, the permeabilized fibre approach is adapted to investigate substrate utilization patterns in the flight muscle mitochondria of Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae; a carrion scavenger beetle) and Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae; a phytophagous scavenger beetle). Respiration in saponin‐permeabilized fibres is measured during titration of palmitoyl‐carnitine (Palm‐C), pyruvate (Pyr) or l‐glycerol 3‐phosphate (G3‐P). Michaelis–Menten‐type enzyme kinetics for oxygen consumption are observed as a function of substrate concentration in Pyr and G3‐P, from which substrate‐specific apparent Km (sensitivity) and Vmax (capacity) are determined. Compared with D. maculatus, the apparent Km in T. molitor is lower (P < 0.001) for Pyr, and Vmax is greater for G3‐P (P < 0.001). In D. maculatus, the apparent Km for G3‐P is greater (P < 0.001), and respiratory Vmax is lower (P < 0.001), than kinetics for Pyr. Robust respiration with l‐proline (Pro) is also observed in both beetle species tested; however, it is over 2.5‐fold greater in D. maculatus than T. molitor (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that respiration in beetle flight muscle mitochondria can be assessed in small samples (i.e. at the individual beetle level) using the approach adapted for the present study. The results of the present study also highlight the substrate oxidative capacity patterns in both D. maculatus and T. molitor, which rank Palm‐C < G3‐P < Pyr < Pro.
Inflammatory response of a prostate stromal cell line induced by Trichomonas vaginalis
Authors: Im S. J. , Han I. H. , Kim J. H. , Gu N. Y. , Seo M. Y. , Chung Y. H. , Ryu J. S. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryWhile Trichomonas vaginalis, a cause of sexually transmitted infection, is known as a surface‐dwelling protozoa, trichomonads have been detected in prostatic tissue from benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis by immunoperoxidase assay or PCR. However, the immune response of prostate stromal cells infected with T. vaginalis has not been investigated. Our objective was to investigate whether T. vaginalis could induce an inflammatory response in prostate stromal cells. Incubation of a human prostate stromal myofibroblast cells (WPMY‐1) with live T. vaginalis T016 increased expression of the inflammatory chemokines CXCL8 and CCL2. In addition, TLR4, ROS, MAPK and NF‐κB expression increased, while inhibitors of TLR4, ROS, MAPKs and NF‐κB reduced CXCL8 and CCL2 production. Medium conditioned by incubation of WPMY‐1 cells with T. vaginalis stimulated the migration of human neutrophils and monocytes (THP‐1 cells). We conclude that T. vaginalis increases CXCL8 and CCL2 production by human prostate stromal cells by activating TLR4, ROS, MAPKs and NF‐κB, and this in turn attracts neutrophils and monocytes and leads to an inflammatory response. This study is the first attempt to demonstrate an inflammatory reaction in prostate stromal cells caused by T. vaginalis.
Understanding the Implications of Government Ties for Nonprofit Operations and Functions
Authors: Zhan Xueyong , Tang Shui‐Yan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis research explores the implications of nonprofit leaders’ government ties for nonprofit operations and functions. Based on 81 survey questionnaires completed by civic environmental NGOs (eNGOs) in China and interviews with executives from 33 eNGOs, the authors examine the personal backgrounds of eNGO leaders and find that most Chinese civic eNGOs are connected with the government in one or more of three ways: political ties, service organization ties, or personal ties. Personal ties, or good guanxi with government officials, are positively associated with a higher level of funding stability and a more developed management system. Environmental NGOs with leaders who are current government officials or legislative body members are more likely to be engaged in policy advocacy. Service organization ties facilitate eNGOs’ efforts to be engaged in legal services and to scale up to work on environmental issues at the national level. Moreover, an eNGO’s policy advocacy engagement is associated with its ties with the nonprofit community.
PDGFRs expression in dogs affected by malignant oral melanomas: correlation with prognosis
Authors: Iussich S. , Maniscalco L. , Di Sciuva A. , Iotti B. , Morello E. , Martano M. , Gattino F. , Buracco P. , De Maria R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCanine malignant melanoma (CMM) is the most common canine oral tumour, and up to 70–75% of dogs in stage II–III die within 1 year after surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of platelet‐derived growth factors receptors (PDGFR)‐α and ‐β in stage II and III CMMs and to correlate it with prognosis. PDGFRs expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on 48 cases of formalin‐fixed CMM samples and correlated with clinical–pathological findings and outcome after surgery. PDGFRs co‐expression was observed in 37.5% of cases. Positivity for PDGFR‐α and ‐β receptor was present in 54.2 and 47.9% of cases, respectively. Ki67 values >19.5% were ascertained in 66.7% of cases. Statistical analysis showed that PDGFRs co‐expression and Ki67 values > 19.5% were both associated with worse prognosis. PDGFRs expression suggests a role in the pathogenesis and progression of CMM, and α and β co‐expression appears to be associated to worse prognosis.
Antimicrobial resistance, integron carriage, and gyrA and gyrB mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dogs with otitis externa and pyoderma in Brazil
Authors: Arais Lavicie R. , Barbosa André V. , Carvalho Cristiane A. , Cerqueira Aloysio M. F. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with otitis and pyoderma in dogs and is frequently resistant to several antimicrobial drugs. Resistance genes can be carried by integrons with quinolone resistance mainly due to mutations in DNA topoisomerases II and IV.ObjectiveTo evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility, integron carriage, and gyrA and gyrB mutations in P. aeruginosa isolates from canine otitis and pyoderma.AnimalsOne hundred and four P. aeruginosa strains isolated from dogs with otitis externa (n = 93) and pyoderma (n = 11).MethodsAntimicrobial susceptibility against 16 antibacterial agents was evaluated through agar diffusion tests. Integron carriage, class and gyrA and gyrB mutations were analysed by PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)‐PCR and genetic sequencing assays.ResultsIsolates were mostly resistant to enrofloxacin (72.2%) and ticarcillin (59.7%). Lower resistance to ciprofloxacin (7.7%), tobramycin (3.8%) and polymixin B (0.0%) was detected. Ten (9.6%) multidrug‐resistant (MDR) strains were detected. Eight (7.7%) strains carried class 1 integrons and this was associated with MDR (three isolates, P ≤ 0.05). Five of the integron‐carrying strains exhibited aminoglycoside resistance genes. Mutations of gyrA and gyrB were observed in 10 isolates, seven of them resistant to all fluoroquinolones tested.Conclusions and clinical importanceEnrofloxacin and ticarcilin resistance was widespread in P. aeruginosa isolated from dogs in Brazil. Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying integrons may present a significant challenge for treatment.
Technical Note: Independent component analysis for quality assurance in functional MRI
Authors: Astrakas Loukas G. , Kallistis Nikolaos S. , Kalef‐Ezra John A. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:Independent component analysis (ICA) is an established method of analyzing human functional MRI (fMRI) data. Here, an ICA‐based fMRI quality control (QC) tool was developed and used.Methods:ICA‐based fMRI QC tool to be used with a commercial phantom was developed. In an attempt to assess the performance of the tool relative to preexisting alternative tools, it was used seven weeks before and eight weeks after repair of a faulty gradient amplifier of a non‐state‐of‐the‐art MRI unit. More specifically, its performance was compared with the AAPM 100 acceptance testing and quality assurance protocol and two fMRI QC protocols, proposed by Freidman et al. [“Report on a multicenter fMRI quality assurance protocol,” J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 23, 827–839 (2006)] and Stocker et al. [“Automated quality assurance routines for fMRI data applied to a multicenter study,” Hum. Brain Mapp. 25, 237–246 (2005)], respectively.Results:The easily developed and applied ICA‐based QC protocol provided fMRI QC indices and maps equally sensitive to fMRI instabilities with the indices and maps of other established protocols. The ICA fMRI QC indices were highly correlated with indices of other fMRI QC protocols and in some cases theoretically related to them. Three or four independent components with slow varying time series are detected under normal conditions.Conclusions:ICA applied on phantom measurements is an easy and efficient tool for fMRI QC. Additionally, it can protect against misinterpretations of artifact components as human brain activations. Evaluating fMRI QC indices in the central region of a phantom is not always the optimal choice.
Weak-field general relativistic dynamics and the Newtonian limit
Authors: Cooperstock F. I. 
Published: February 2016

We show that the generally held view that the gravity of weak-field nonrelativistic-velocity sources being invariably almost equivalent to Newtonian gravity (NG) (the “Newtonian limit” approach) is in some instances misleading and in other cases incorrect. A particularly transparent example is provided by comparing the Newtonian and general relativistic analyses of a simple variant of van Stockum’s infinite rotating dust cylinder. We show that some very recent criticisms of our work that had been motivated by the Newtonian limit approach were incorrect and note that no specific errors in our work were found in the critique. In the process, we underline some problems that arise from inappropriate coordinate transformations. As further support for our methodology, we note that our weak-field general relativistic treatment of a model galaxy was vindicated recently by the observations of Xu et al. regarding our prediction that the Milky Way was 19–21 kpc in radius as opposed to the commonly held view that the radius was 15 kpc.
Dispersionless optical activity based on novel windmill-shaped chiral metamaterial
Authors: Ma Xiaolong , Xiao Zhongyin , Liu Dejun , Wang Lei , Xu Kai , Tang Jingyao , Wang Zihua 
Published: February 2016

In this paper, the optical properties of the novel windmill-shaped chiral metamaterial (CMM) with low ellipticity have been studied numerically in THz band. The dispersionless optical activity can be achieved in a wide frequency range (i.e. from 1.7 THz to 2.7 THz). The dependence of CMM’s optical properties on the structural parameters is studied systematically and the frequency range of low ellipticity can be controlled dynamically through adjusting the width of the metal. The excitation mechanism of optical activity based on the current distribution is also analyzed in detail.
Synthesis of CuO nanowires on Cu-foil using thermal oxidation method, a novel annealing process
Authors: Eshghi Hosein , Goodarzi Mehdi Torabi 
Published: February 2016

Cupric oxide (CuO) nanowires (NWs) on Cu-foils were prepared by thermal oxidation method in air atmosphere using two annealing manners (continuous and steps) in the temperature ranges of 400–500[Formula: see text]C and 400–600[Formula: see text]C. Morphology and microstructure of the NWs was studied using field effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffractogram (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Optical reflectance spectrum was used for the optical investigation of the layers. We found the NWs formed have two different morphologies, curved and straight, with diameters between 50 nm and 200 nm and lengths between 5 [Formula: see text]m and 10 [Formula: see text]m. SAED pattern of a single NW revealed as a CuO single crystal with monoclinic structure. The reflectance spectra analysis based on Kubelka–Munk method showed that the band gap energy of the CuO NWs are varying in the range of 1.40–1.47 eV depending on the crystallite sizes of the NWs, a confirmation for the happening of the quantum confined effect in these samples.
Security of direct communication quantum channel with feedback
Authors: Usenko Constantin V. 
Published: February 2016

In the direct communication quantum channels, the authorized recipient (Bob) and the non-authorized recipient (Eve) have different abilities for verification of received information. Bob can apply the feedback to commit the sender (Alice) to perform verification. Eve has to use for verification an indirect method based on the measurement of a set of incompatible observables enough for determination of the coding basis used by Alice. In the protocol of direct communication, regular modification of coding basis and masking it with an equilibrium in average information carrier density matrix prevents reconstruction of coding basis by the results of Eve’s measurements of an arbitrary set of observables. This provides unconditional security of the channel.
Power-Aware Design Techniques of Secure Multimode Embedded Systems
Authors: Jiang Ke , Eles Petru , Peng Zebo 
Published: February 2016

Nowadays, embedded systems have been widely used in all types of application areas, some of which belong to the safety and reliability critical domains. The functional correctness and design robustness of the embedded systems involved in such domains are crucial for the safety of personal/enterprise property or even human lives. Thereby, a holistic design procedure that considers all the important design concerns is essential.
In this article, we approach embedded systems design from an integral perspective. We consider not only the classic real-time and quality of service requirements, but also the emerging security and power efficiency demands. Modern embedded systems are not any more developed for a fixed purpose, but instead designed for undertaking various processing requests. This leads to the concept of multimode embedded systems, in which the number and nature of active tasks change during runtime. Under dynamic situations, providing high performance along with various design concerns becomes a really difficult problem. Therefore, we propose a novel power-aware secure embedded systems design framework that efficiently solves the problem of runtime quality optimization with security and power constraints. The efficiency of our proposed techniques are evaluated in extensive experiments.
Tree-Based Coarsening and Partitioning of Complex Networks
Authors: Glantz Roland , Meyerhenke Henning , Schulz Christian 
Published: February 2016

A hierarchy of increasingly coarse versions of a network allows one to represent the network on multiple scales at the same time. Often, the elementary operation for generating a hierarchy on a network is merging adjacent vertices, an operation that can be realized through contracting the edge between the two vertices. Such a hierarchy is defined by the selection of the edges to be contracted between a level and the next coarser level. The selection may involve (i) rating the edges, (ii) constraining the selection (e.g., that the selected edges form a matching), as well as (iii) maximizing the total rate of the selected edges under the constraints. Hierarchies of this kind are, among others, involved in multilevel methods for partitioning networks—a prerequisite for processing in parallel with distributed memory.
In this article, we propose a new edge rating by (i) defining weights for the edges of a network that express the edges’ importance for connectivity via shortest paths, (ii) computing a minimum weight spanning tree with respect to these weights, and (iii) rating the network edges based on the conductance values of the tree’s fundamental cuts.

To make the computation of our new edge rating efficient, we develop the first optimal linear-time algorithm to compute the conductance values of
all
fundamental cuts of a given spanning tree. We integrate the new edge rating into a leading multilevel graph partitioner and equip the latter also with a new greedy postprocessing for optimizing the Maximum Communication Volume (MCV) of a partition.

Our experiments, in which we bipartition frequently used benchmark networks, show that the postprocessing reduces MCV by 11.3%. Our new edge rating, here used for matching-based coarsening, further reduces MCV by 10.3% compared to the previously best rating with MCV postprocessing in place for both ratings. In total, with a modest increase in running time, our new approach reduces the MCV of complex network partitions by 20.4%.
Report on the First SIGIR Workshop on Graph Search and Beyond (GSB'15)
Authors: Alonso Omar , Hearst Marti A. , Kamps Jaap 
Published: February 2016

Modern Web data is highly structured in terms of entities and relations from large knowledge resources, geo-temporal references and social network structure, resulting in a massivemultidimensional graph. This graph essentially unifies both the searcher and the information resources that played a fundamentally different role in traditional IR, and "Graph Search" offers major new ways to access relevant information. Graph search affects both query formulation (complex queries about entities and relations building on the searcher's context) as well as result exploration and discovery (slicing and dicing the information using the graph structure) in a completely personalized way. This new graph based approach introduces great opportunities, but also great challenges, in terms of data quality and data integration, user interface design, and privacy.
We view the notion of "graph search" as searching information from your personal point of view (you are the query) over a highly structured and curated information space. This goes beyond the traditional two-term queries and ten blue links results that users are familiar with, requiring a highly interactive session covering both query formulation and result exploration. The workshop brought together researchers from a range of areas in information access, who worked together on searching information from your personal point of view over a highly structured and curated information space.
Systemic Chromosome Instability Resulted in Colonic Transcriptomic Changes in Metabolic, Proliferation, and Stem Cell Regulators in Sgo1
−/+ Mice
Authors: Rao Chinthalapally V. , Sanghera Saira , Zhang Yuting , Biddick Laura , Reddy Arun , Lightfoot Stan , Janakiram Naveena B. , Mohammed Altaf , Dai Wei , Yamada Hiroshi Y. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Colon cancer is the second most lethal cancer and is predicted to claim 49,700 lives in the United States this year. Chromosome instability (CIN) is observed in 80% to 90% of colon cancers and is thought to contribute to colon cancer progression and recurrence. To investigate the impact of CIN on colon cancer development, we developed shugoshin-1 (Sgo1) haploinsufficient (−/+) mice, an animal model focusing on mitotic error–induced CIN. In this study, we analyzed signature changes in the colonic transcriptome of Sgo1−/+ mice to examine the molecular events underlying the altered carcinogenesis profiles in Sgo1−/+ mice. We performed next-generation sequencing of normal-looking colonic mucosal tissue from mice treated with the carcinogen azoxymethane after 24 weeks. Transcriptome profiling revealed 349 hits with a 2-fold expression difference threshold (217 upregulated genes, 132 downregulated genes, P &lt; 0.05). Pathway analyses indicated that the Sgo1-CIN tissues upregulated pathways known to be activated in colon cancer, including lipid metabolism (z score 4.47), Notch signaling (4.47), insulin signaling (3.81), and PPAR pathways (3.75), and downregulated pathways involved in immune responses including allograft rejection (6.69) and graft-versus-host disease (6.54). Notably, stem cell markers were also misregulated. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that systemic CIN results in transcriptomic changes in metabolism, proliferation, cell fate, and immune responses in the colon, which may foster a microenvironment amenable to cancer development. Therefore, therapeutic approaches focusing on these identified pathways may be valuable for colon cancer prevention and treatment. Cancer Res; 76(3); 630–42. ©2016 AACR.
2013 HIPAA Changes Provide Opportunities and Challenges for Researchers: Perspectives from a Cancer Center
Authors: Freedman Ralph S. , Cantor Scott B. , Merriman Kelly W. , Edgerton Mary E. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In 2013, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services modified the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule to “strengthen privacy and security protections” while “improving workability and effectiveness to increase flexibility for and decrease burden on regulated entities.” In this article, we attempt to translate these generalized goals into the real-world implications of these changes. Under the new rules, researchers can obtain participants' permission to use their protected health information for more research activities with a single, upfront authorization (thereby reducing paperwork for participants, researchers, and institutional review boards) while providing potential participants with more information upon which to base their decisions about participation. The combined authorizations can be used in clinical trials and their optional substudies and in stand-alone biospecimen-banking research that includes authorization to permit future research use. We also suggest best practices for taking advantage of the flexibility offered by the new rules while maintaining strong privacy protections for human subjects. Clin Cancer Res; 22(3); 533–9. ©2016 AACR.
Plain Language Summary
Authors: O’Connor Sarah S. , Coggins Robyn , Gagnon Lisa , Rosenfeld Richard M. , Shin Jennifer J. , Walsh Sandra A. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveThis plain language summary serves as an overview in explaining otitis media with effusion (pronounced Oh‐TIE‐tis ME‐dee‐uh with Ef‐YOO‐zhun), abbreviated “OME” and often called “ear fluid.” The summary applies to children aged 2 months through 12 years with OME and is based on the 2015 “Clinical Practice Guideline: Otitis Media with Effusion (Update).” The evidence‐based guideline includes research to support more effective diagnosis and treatment of OME in children. The guideline was developed as a quality improvement opportunity for managing OME by creating clear recommendations to use in medical practice.
Parents’ Choice Function for Wards’ School Continuation in Rural India: A Case Study in West Bengal
Authors: Thakur Debdulal , Mukherjee Shrabani 
Published: February 2016

In this article, we present a choice function of a rural household relating to her/his ward’s schooling. It makes an empirical evaluation on the basis of a simple theoretical framework using a primary data set surveyed from two backward districts of West Bengal. It explores the underlying causes of wards’ discontinuation of school by examining the choice function of the parents using ordered probit analysis. The likelihood of dropout is higher at the primary level for low-income households and significantly depends on parents’ attributes, which are mostly endogenous in an educational production function, and other exogenous difficulties in accessing school. It is also triggered by a lack of expectation about the future impact of education on a child’s life. JEL Classification: C25, C80, D19, I21, I25