bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disorganization at the stage of schizophrenia clinical outcome: Clinical–biological study
Authors: Nestsiarovich A. , Obyedkov V. , Kandratsenka H. , Siniauskaya M. , Goloenko I. , Waszkiewicz N. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the multidimensional model of schizophrenia, three basic psychopathological dimensions constitute its clinical structure: positive symptoms, negative symptoms and disorganization. The latter one is the newest and the least studied. Our aim was to discriminate disorganization in schizophrenia clinical picture and to identify its distinctive biological and socio-psychological particularities and associated genetic and environmental factors.MethodsWe used SAPS/SANS psychometrical scales, scales for the assessment of patient's compliance, insight, social functioning, life quality. Neuropsychological tests included Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Color-Word test. Neurophysiological examination included registration of P300 wave of the evoked cognitive auditory potentials. Environmental factors related to patient's education, family, surrounding and nicotine use, as well as subjectively significant traumatic events in childhood and adolescence were assessed. Using PCR we detected SNP of genes related to the systems of neurotransmission (COMT, SLC6A4 and DRD2), inflammatory response (IL6, TNF), cellular detoxification (GSTM1, GSTT1), DNA methylation (MTHFR, DNMT3b, DNMT1).ResultsDisorganization is associated with early schizophrenia onset and history of psychosis in family, low level of insight and compliance, high risk of committing delicts, distraction errors in WCST, lengthened P300 latency of evoked cognitive auditory potentials, low-functional alleles of genes MTHFR (rs1801133) and DNMT3b (rs2424913), high level of urbanicity and psychotraumatic events at early age.ConclusionsSevere disorganization at the stage of schizophrenia clinical outcome is associated with the set of specific biological and social–psychological characteristics that indicate its epigenetic nature and maladaptive social significance.
Propionic acid metabolism, ASD, and vitamin B12: Is there a role for environmental nitrous oxide?
Authors: Fluegge Keith 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFoley et al. (2014) published their findings in this journal on the role of prenatal exposure to propionic acid (PPA) and behavioral outcomes in treated rat pups. The authors show that PPA treated pups displayed subtle differences in behavior including nest seeking, novel object recognition, and locomotor activity. Others have previously proposed that PPA infusion in rat could represent a valid animal model of ASD since many of the diagnostic criteria for the disorder spectrum manifest under such conditions. A pathogenic makeover of gut microbiome to facilitate the growth of microbes capable of producing PPA, like Clostridia species, has been proposed as an infectious contributing etiology to the PPA model of ASD, however the reason for this pathogenic microbial overgrowth is not clear. This discussion highlights a previously identified novel environmental factor (i.e., nitrous oxide, N2O) in the etiopathogenesis of ASD and related neuropathology and posits that altered PPA metabolism in ASD may represent a key manifestation of this particular exposure. Trace environmental exposure to N2O may induce release of endogenous opioid peptides that have been shown to confer a virulence advantage to certain microbes, like Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pathogenic overproduction of PPA in ASD may be a compensatory mechanism to curb this enhanced virulence potential. Therefore, future research on the PPA model of ASD should consider its role as a consequence of environmental exposure to N2O.
Is Pelvic Floor Dysfunction an Independent Threat to Sexual Function? A Cross-Sectional Study in Women with Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Authors: Li-Yun-Fong Ryan J. , Larouche Maryse , Hyakutake Momoe , Koenig Nicole , Lovatt Catherine , Geoffrion Roxana , Brotto Lori A. , Lee Terry , Cundiff Geoffrey W. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Prior studies have reported an association of sexual dysfunction with pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD), but without defining causation.

Aim
To investigate predictors of sexual function in women with PFD, including pelvic organ prolapse, stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, obstructed defecation, and fecal incontinence.

Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study included 755 women (mean age = 56 years, 68% postmenopausal) referred for PFD (2008–2013). Subjects underwent standardized history and examination, including demographics and assessment of pelvic floor function and sexual function using validated quality-of-life instruments. The physical examination included body mass index, Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification measurements, and pelvic muscle strength (Oxford scale). Proportional odds regression analysis tested patient characteristics, PFD, and other determinants of sexual dysfunction as predictors of sexual function.

Main Outcome Measures
The Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) to assess PFD and the Short Personal Experiences Questionnaire to assess sexual function.

Results
The prevalence of PFD included pelvic organ prolapse (72%), stress urinary incontinence (66%), overactive bladder (78%), fecal incontinence (41%), and obstructed defecation (70%). Most subjects (74%) had a sexual partner and most (56%) reported recent sexual intercourse. Participants reported a low level of sexual desire and sexual enjoyment and moderate levels of sexual arousal and orgasm. When stratified by sexual enjoyment, 46% enjoyed sex and this group had lower PFDI and PFIQ scores, reflecting less quality-of-life burden. Pelvic organ prolapse, obstructed defecation, and fecal incontinence were associated with not enjoying sex. However, when adjusted for other determinants of sexual dysfunction (eg, aging, dyspareunia, atrophy, and partner issues), these associations disappeared.

Conclusion
Women with PFD also have a large burden of sexual dysfunction, although this appears to be mediated by factors not unique to PFD.
A meta‐analysis of three identified single nucleotide polymorphisms at 1p13.3 and 1q41 and their associations with lipid levels and coronary artery disease
Authors: He Qian‐Chao , Hu Yu‐Ying , Zhang Qing‐Ping , Tan Lu‐Lu , Liu Yong‐Hui , Liu Tai , Hu Yue‐Qiang , Li Qing , Liang Ni 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe aim of this meta‐analysis was to detect whether three identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs646776, rs599839, and rs17465637) at 1p13.3 and 1q41 are associated with lipid levels and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and BIOSIS were systematically searched. The pooled effects were expressed as odds ratio or standardized mean difference or mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. A total of 14 studies with 57,916 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. Pooled effects showed that the AA group of 1p13.3 rs599839 had higher total cholesterol (TC) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels than the GA/GG group, and the CAD group had higher AA genotype frequency than the control group. The TT group of 1p13.3 rs646776 had higher TC and LDLC levels and lower HDLC levels than the CT/CC group. The CAD group also had higher CC genotype frequency of 1q41 rs17465637 than the control group. The SNPs of 1p13 rs599839 and rs646776 were associated with serum lipid levels. The genetic variants of 1p13 rs599839 and 1q41 rs17465637 SNPs were prominently related to CAD, and the genetic variants of chromosome 1p13 promote the risk of CAD by increased TC and LDLC levels and decreased HDLC levels.
Achyranthes bidentate saponins protect rat articular chondrocytes against interleukin‐1β‐induced inflammation and apoptosis in vitro
Authors: Xu Xian‐Xiang , Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Diao Yong , Huang Yu‐Xiang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAchyranthes bidentate Blume (Niuxi) is often employed for treatment of arthritis in Traditional Chinese Medicine and possesses anti‐inflammatory properties. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies proved the oleanane‐type saponins to be the main bioactive principles. In the present study, protective effects of A. bidentata saponins (ABS) on inflammation and apoptosis in interleukine‐1β (IL‐1β)‐induced chondrocytes were investigated. Rat chondrocytes were pretreated with ABS at 3 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 30 μg/mL, and subsequently stimulated with IL‐1β (10 ng/mL). Methylthiazolyldiphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide assay and annexin V/propidium iodide dual staining demonstrated that ABS could protect IL‐1β‐induced chondrocyte injury. ABS suppressed IL‐1β‐induced apoptosis by suppressing the activation of caspase‐3, inhibiting levels of proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bad, decreasing p53 protein phosphorylation, and promoting the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐xL and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. IL‐1β‐induced inflammation and matrix degradation were also alleviated by ABS through the downregulation of the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9 and cyclooxygenase‐2. Moreover, ABS inhibited IL‐1β‐induced nuclear factor κB activation in rat chondrocytes. We demonstrated, for the first time, the protective effects of ABS on IL‐1β‐stimulated chondrocytes and their molecular mechanisms. Thus, it is suggested that ABS might be a potential drug in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
GÖDEL’S NOTRE DAME COURSE
Authors: ADŽIĆ MILOŠ , DOŠEN KOSTA 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis is a companion to a paper by the authors entitled “Gödel’s natural deduction,” which presented and made comments about the natural deduction system in Gödel’s unpublished notes for the elementary logic course he gave at the University of Notre Dame in 1939. In that earlier paper, which was itself a companion to a paper that examined the links between some philosophical views ascribed to Gödel and general proof theory, one can find a brief summary of Gödel’s notes for the Notre Dame course. In order to put the earlier paper in proper perspective, a more complete summary of these interesting notes, with comments concerning them, is given here.
The Effectiveness of Using Sexual Appeals in	Advertising
Authors: Samson Lelia 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. This study empirically investigates the effectiveness of using visual sexual appeals on the memory of men and women. It examines memory for the commercials activated by sexual versus nonsexual visual appeals. A mixed-factorial experiment was conducted. Visual recognition and free recall were recorded in 146 participants (males = 71 and females = 75). The results substantiate the evolutionary psychology claims. Support for the motivational information-processing and the distraction hypothesis was found in male viewers. The results indicate that sexual appeals enhance memory for the advertisements themselves, but they distract men from processing brand-related information. Male participants encoded and recalled less brand-related information from advertisements with sexual appeals. The study offers guidelines for advertisers and marketing producers while also providing insight into gender/sex differences in processing sexual stimuli. It also makes a key theoretical contribution to the field by parsing out the influence of sexual versus nonsexual visual content from the confounding impact of visual sexual versus verbal nonsexual memory.
Intermittent Bolus versus Continuous Infusion of Propofol for Deep Sedation during ABR/Nuclear Medicine Studies
Authors: Ahmed Sheikh , Slaven James , Nitu Mara , Hicks Shawn 
Published: December 2016

Objective A comparison of intermittent bolus (IB) versus continuous infusion of propofol for deep sedation.
Material and Methods A retrospective review of patients sedated for Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)/nuclear medicine studies between September 2008 and February 2015. A ketamine bolus (0.5 mg/kg < 20 kg, 0.25 mg/kg > 20 kg) followed by propofol bolus of 1 mg/kg over 2 minutes. In the IB group, maintenance of deep sedation was with incremental bolus of 10 to 20 mg of propofol. In continuous infusion group (CG), maintenance was with a continuous infusion of 83 mcg/kg/min of propofol.
Results Of the 326 cases completed, 181 were in CG group and 145 were in IB group. There were no statistical differences in patient's age, weight, and American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) classification. The cardiovascular and respiratory parameters in the two groups were not different statistically. Mean total propofol dose was higher in CG group versus IB group (CG 7.6 mg ± 3.6 mg, IB 6.5 mg ± 3.6 mg; p = 0.008). Procedure time in CG group was longer by 8 minutes compared with IB group (CG 49.8 min ± 25.4 min versus 42.3 min ± 19.2 min; p = .003). CG group has both shorter recovery time (CG 8.1 min ± 4.7 min versus IB 10.0 min ± 8.5 min; p = 0.01) and discharge time.
Conclusion Satisfactory sedation and completion of the procedure was accomplished with both sedation protocols.
Matrix stiffening promotes a tumor vasculature phenotype
Authors: Bordeleau Francois , Mason Brooke N. , Lollis Emmanuel Macklin , Mazzola Michael , Zanotelli Matthew R. , Somasegar Sahana , Califano Joseph P. , Montague Christine , LaValley Danielle J. , Huynh John , Mencia-Trinchant Nuria , Negrón Abril Yashira L. , Hassane Duane C. , Bonassar Lawrence J. , Butcher Jonathan T. , Weiss Robert S. , Reinhart-King Cynthia A. 
Published: December 2016

Significance
Dysregulation of both vascular architecture and function is a hallmark of numerous diseases, including cancer. This dysregulation is currently largely attributed to up-regulated proangiogenic growth factors. Here, we show that the stiffness of the underlying extracellular matrix also plays a central role in promoting angiogenesis and a characteristic tumor-like vasculature both in vitro and in vivo. The matrix stiffness-mediated angiogenesis is dependent on increased matrix metalloprotease activity. In addition, increased matrix cross-linking disrupts endothelial cell–cell junctional integrity and results in leakier vasculature. These results suggest that altered tissue mechanics, which are characteristic of solid tumors, directly influence vascular phenotype and, subsequently, may impair therapeutic delivery and efficacy.
Universal bound on the efficiency of molecular motors
Authors: Pietzonka Patrick , Barato Andre C , Seifert Udo 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The thermodynamic uncertainty relation provides an inequality relating any mean current, the associated dispersion and the entropy production rate for arbitrary non-equilibrium steady states. Applying it here to a general model of a molecular motor running against an external force or torque, we show that the thermodynamic efficiency of such motors is universally bounded by an expression involving only experimentally accessible quantities. For motors pulling cargo through a viscous fluid, a universal bound for the corresponding Stokes efficiency follows as a variant. A similar result holds if mechanical force is used to synthesize molecules of high chemical potential. Crucially, no knowledge of the detailed underlying mechano-chemical mechanism is required for applying these bounds.
Developing strategies for predicting hyperkalemia in potassium-increasing drug-drug interactions
Authors: Eschmann Emmanuel , Beeler Patrick Emanuel , Schneemann Markus , Blaser Jürg 
Published: December 2016

Objective: To compare different strategies predicting hyperkalemia (serum potassium level ≥5.5 mEq/l) in hospitalized patients for whom medications triggering potassium-increasing drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were ordered.Materials and Methods: We investigated 5 strategies that combined prediction triggered at onset of DDI versus continuous monitoring and taking into account an increasing number of patient parameters. The considered patient parameters were identified using generalized additive models, and the thresholds of the prediction strategies were calculated by applying Youden’s J statistic to receiver operation characteristic curves. Half of the data served as the calibration set, half as the validation set.Results: We identified 132 incidences of hyperkalemia induced by 8413 potentially severe potassium-increasing DDIs among 76 467 patients. The positive predictive value (PPV) of those strategies predicting hyperkalemia at the onset of DDI ranged from 1.79% (undifferentiated anticipation of hyperkalemia due to the DDI) to 3.02% (additionally considering the baseline serum potassium) and 3.10% (including further patient parameters). Continuous monitoring significantly increased the PPV to 8.25% (considering the current serum potassium) and 9.34% (additional patient parameters).Conclusion: Continuous monitoring of the risk for hyperkalemia based on current potassium level shows a better predictive power than predictions triggered at the onset of DDI. This contrasts with efforts to improve DDI alerts by taking into account more patient parameters at the time of ordering.
The importance of nutrition in critically ill patients
Authors: Maday Kristopher R. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Metabolic and physiologic changes during critical illness can be protective mechanisms for hospitalized patients but increases their risk for malnutrition. Clinicians must assess patients' nutritional status during acute illness and determine their need for nutritional support. By understanding the physiologic changes and patients' metabolic adaptations to stress, clinicians can choose the appropriate assessment tool and type of nutritional support needed to improve outcomes in critically ill patients.
A woman with a midurethral sling and bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Nelson Jessica , Zimmern Phillipe 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
A midurethral sling is a common procedure for stress urinary incontinence in women. Tensioning of the tape used for the sling is an art, and overtensioning during surgery can lead to obstructive symptoms. A patient with new onset of lower urinary tract symptoms after sling surgery should be evaluated for possible voiding dysfunction. Sling incision does not always correct the obstruction and excision may be needed.
Kelch-like ECH-associated Protein 1-dependent Nuclear Factor-E2–related Factor 2 Activation in Relation to Antioxidation Induced by Sevoflurane Preconditioning
Authors: Cai Min , Tong Li , Dong Beibei , Hou Wugang , Shi Likai , Dong Hailong 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Background
The authors have reported that antioxidative effects play a crucial role in the volatile anesthetic-induced neuroprotection. Accumulated evidence shows that endogenous antioxidation could be up-regulated by nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 through multiple pathways. However, whether nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 activation is modulated by sevoflurane preconditioning and, if so, what is the signaling cascade underlying upstream of this activation are still unknown.

Methods
Sevoflurane preconditioning in mice was performed with sevoflurane (2.5%) 1 h per day for five consecutive days. Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Expression of nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, manganese superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin-1, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinolone oxidoreductase-1 was detected (n = 6). The antioxidant activities and oxidative product expression were also examined. To determine the role of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 inhibition-dependent nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 activation in sevoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotection, the kelch-like ECH–associated protein 1-nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 signal was modulated by nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 knockout, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 overexpression lentivirus, and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 deficiency small interfering RNA (n = 8). The infarct volume, neurologic scores, and cellular apoptosis were assessed.

Results
Sevoflurane preconditioning elicited neuroprotection and increased nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 nuclear translocation, which in turn up-regulated endogenous antioxidation and reduced oxidative injury. Sevoflurane preconditioning reduced kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 expression. Nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 ablation abolished neuroprotection and reversed sevoflurane preconditioning by mediating the up-regulation of antioxidants. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 overexpression reversed nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 up-regulation and abolished the neuroprotection induced by sevoflurane preconditioning. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 small interfering RNA administration improved nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 expression and the outcome of mice subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Conclusions
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 down-regulation–dependent nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 activation underlies the ability of sevoflurane preconditioning to activate the endogenous antioxidant response, which elicits its neuroprotection.
NICU Nurses and Lactation-Based Support and Care
Authors: Froh Elizabeth , Dahlmeier Katherine , Spatz Diane L. 
Published: December 2016

Background:
The provision of human milk and breastfeeding is essential in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) population. However, recent national research has demonstrated very low percentages of NICU nurses providing lactation-based support and care to patients and families, and less than half of all NICUs have an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) on staff.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe how NICU bedside nurses are providing lactation-based support and care during their shifts and the frequency of that support. The secondary aim was to gain an understanding of the NICU nurses' attitudes toward human milk and breastfeeding.

Methods:
Through a prospective descriptive cohort design, the authors of this study created and disseminated a web-based survey (SurveyMonkey) of 21 questions including the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) to a Northeastern urban hospital staff of bedside nurses.

Results:
A total of 140 of the 389 eligible NICU bedside nurses responded to the survey. Between 50.7% and 72.9% of nurses reported to providing lactation-based support and care during the previous shift worked and during the previous week worked, respectively. The participants' responses to the IIFAS resulted in an overall score of 69.1, indicating an attitude of “positive to breastfeeding.”

Implications for Practice:
The study demonstrates that the majority provide lactation-based support and care on every shift and hold very positive attitudes toward the provision of human milk and breastfeeding. Hospitals should be encouraged to promote educational and training programs in their respective institutions.

Implications for Research:
Researchers should examine NICU nurses' attitudes and beliefs about human milk and breastfeeding on a national scale.