bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post–Glucose Load Measures of Insulin Resistance and Prognosis of Nondiabetic Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Pan Yuesong , Jing Jing , Chen Weiqi , Zheng Huaguang , Jia Qian , Mi Donghua , Li Hao , Zhao Xingquan , Liu Liping , Wang Chunxue , Gaisano Herbert Y. , He Yan , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: January 2017

Background
Insulin resistance is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in the general population. This study aimed to estimate the association between post–glucose load measures of insulin resistance and prognosis of nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results

Data were derived from the
ACROSS
‐China (Abnormal Glucose Regulation in Patients with Acute Stroke across China) registry. Patients with ischemic stroke without a history of diabetes mellitus were included. Two post–glucose load measures of insulin sensitivity, the insulin sensitivity indices
ISI
(composite) and the
ISI
0,120
, were calculated. Outcomes included stroke recurrence, all‐cause death, and poor functional outcome at 12 months. Among 1203 patients, 63.3% were male with an average age of 62.1 years. At 12 months, 168 (14.4%) patients had recurrent stroke, 111 (9.2%) had died, and 288 (24.4%) had poor outcome. After adjustment for potential covariates, the first quartile of the
ISI
(composite) was associated with increased 12‐month stroke recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio 2.02, 95% CI 1.28–3.18,
P
=0.003), death (adjusted hazard ratio 2.78, 95%
CI
1.59–4.86,
P
<0.001), and poor outcome (adjusted odds ratio 2.67, 95%
CI
1.69–4.21,
P
<0.001) compared with the fourth quartile. Similar results were observed for the
ISI
0,120
but with a larger magnitude of association. Using a multivariable regression model with restricted cubic spline, we found an L‐shaped association between the insulin sensitivity indices and the risk of each end point.

Conclusions

In this large‐scale registry, post–glucose load measures of insulin resistance with the
ISI
(composite) and the
ISI
0,120
were associated with 12‐month poor outcomes of nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke.
Impact of Rehabilitation on Outcomes in Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yagi Maiko , Yasunaga Hideo , Matsui Hiroki , Morita Kojiro , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fujimoto Masashi , Koyama Teruyuki , Fujitani Junko 
Published: January 2017

Background and Purpose—
We aimed to examine the concurrent effects of timing and intensity of rehabilitation on improving activities of daily living (ADL) among patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database, we retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with ischemic stroke at admission who received rehabilitation (n=100 719) from April 2012 to March 2014. Early rehabilitation was defined as that starting within 3 days after admission. The average rehabilitation intensity per day was calculated as the total units of rehabilitation during hospitalization divided by the length of hospital stay. A multivariable logistic regression analysis with multiple imputation and an instrumental variable analysis were performed to examine the association of early and intensive rehabilitation with the proportion of improved ADL score.

Results—

The proportion of improved ADL score was higher in the early and intensive rehabilitation group. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that significant improvements in ADL were observed for early rehabilitation (odds ratio: 1.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.13;
P
<0.01) and intensive rehabilitation of >5.0 U/d (odds ratio: 1.87; 95% confidence interval: 1.69–2.07;
P
<0.01). The instrumental variable analysis showed that an increased proportion of improved ADL was associated with early rehabilitation (risk difference: 2.8%; 95% confidence interval: 2.0–3.4%;
P
<0.001) and intensive rehabilitation (risk difference: 5.6%; 95% confidence interval: 4.6–6.6%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
The present results suggested that early and intensive rehabilitation improved ADL during hospitalization in patients with ischemic stroke.
Histamine Applied Topically to the Nasal Mucosa Increases the Transmucosal Nitrous Oxide Exchange for the Middle Ear
Authors: Teixeira Miriam S. , Alper Cuneyt M. , Martin Brian S. , Cetin Selma , El-Wagaa Jenna A. , Doyle William J. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Determine if the middle ear transmucosal nitrous oxide (N2O) exchange rate is affected by nasal inflammation caused by topical application of histamine. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, 20 adults were challenged intranasally with histamine (5 mg) and placebo on separate occasions. At each session, the subjects were fitted with a non-rebreathing mask and breathed room air for 20 minutes, 50% N2O:50% O2 for 20 minutes, and 100% O2 for 10 minutes. Throughout, heart rate, blood pressure, and blood O2 saturation were monitored, and bilateral middle ear pressure was recorded by tympanometry every minute. The primary outcome measure was the slope of the middle ear pressure-time function for the 50% N2O:50% O2 breathing period, which is a measure of the transmucosal N2O exchange-constant. The effects of challenge substance, session, and period on the measured vital signs and of treatment, session, ear disease history, and test ear on the pressure-time slopes were evaluated using repeated measures ANOVAs. Results: The post-challenge total symptom score and the slope of the middle ear pressure-time function were greater after histamine when compared to placebo challenge. Of the signs, only heart rate was affected, responding to challenge substance and study period. Conclusion: The transmucosal N2O exchange rate for the middle ear is increased during inflammation caused by nasal histamine exposure.
Influence Diagnostics in Modified Liu-type Estimator
Authors: Emami Hadi , Emami Mostafa 
Published: January 2017

In regression, it is of interest to detect anomalous observations that exert an unduly large influence on the least squares (LS) analysis. Frequently, the existence of influential data is complicated by the presence of collinearity (see, e.g., Walker and Birch [1] ). Very little work has been done, however, on the possible effects that collinearity can have on the influence of an observation. While dealing with multicollinearity some new type of Liu estimator is proposed. When modified Liu-type estimator (MLE) is used to mitigate the effects of multicollinearity, the influence of observations can be drastically modified. In this article, we propose approximate case deletion formula to detect influential points in MLE. As an illustrative example, a real dataset is analyzed.
Drivers' Brake Reaction Times
Authors: Johansson Gunnar , Rumar Kåre 
Published: January 2017

The object of this investigation was to determine the distribution of brake reaction times which can be expected from drivers who have to brake suddenly and completely unexpectedly in traffic situations. The experiments were carried out as follows: 1. Brake reaction time was measured on a large group of drivers (321), in an anticipated situation on the road (Brake reaction time 1). 2. A small group of drivers (5) was repeatedly tested in the same way (Brake reaction time 2). 3. The same small group was repeatedly tested in a surprise situation (Brake reaction time 3). 4. The ratio of brake reaction time 3 to brake reaction time 2 was used as a correction factor and applied to brake reaction time 1. The corrected median of the resulting distribution was 0.9 sec.; 25% of the group was estimated to have a brake reaction time longer than 1.2 sec.
Fulminant Heart Failure Due to Selenium Deficiency Cardiomyopathy (Keshan Disease)
Authors: Burke Michael Philip , Opeskin Kenneth 
Published: January 2017

Selenium deficiency is a rare cause of cardiomyopathy that may be encountered by the forensic pathologist. Selenium deficiency is associated with a cardiomyopathy, myopathy and osteoarthropathy. In Asia and Africa, dietary selenium deficiency is associated with a cardiomyopathy known as Keshan disease and an osteoarthropathy called Kashin-Beck disease. Chronic selenium deficiency may also occur in individuals with malabsorption and long term selenium-deficient parenteral nutrition. Selenium deficiency causes myopathy as a result of the depletion of selenium-associated enzymes which protect cell membranes from damage by free radicals. We present a case of fulminant heart failure in a middle aged woman with a complex medical and surgical history including documented malabsorption and selenium deficiency. Pathological examination of the heart showed features consistent with Keshan disease.
Audit of the Forensic Psychiatry Liaison Service to Glasgow Sheriff Court 1994 to 1998
Authors: White T , Ramsay L , Morrison R 
Published: January 2017

This study seeks to describe the demographic, offence, and diagnostic details of subjects referred by the Procurator Fiscal at Glasgow Sheriff Court to the Forensic Psychiatry Liaison between 1994 and 1997. The initial outcome of the assessment and an assessment of medical time involved is presented. This study is a retrospective review of audit forms completed between 1993 and 1994 and once more in 1997. The referral criteria, age structure and offence pattern was broadly similar to that reported in court diversion schemes in England. A primary diagnosis of alcohol and/or drug dependence was seen in one third of referrals during both years of the audit. A marked increase (250%) in referrals between 1994 and 1997 resulted in a marked reduction of those admitted to hospital, and an increase in the percentage who had ‘no psychiatric diagnosis’. The need for ongoing liaison between the Procurators Fiscal and the Forensic Psychiatrists involved would appear important in modifying referral criteria.
Crime and Punishment (Scotland) Act 1997: A Survey of Sentencers’ Views concerning the Scottish ‘Hybrid Order’
Authors: Darjee Rajan , Crichton John , Thomson Lindsay 
Published: January 2017

The Crime and Punishment (Scotland) Act 1997 introduced the hospital direction (HD), often termed the ‘hybrid order’ because it allows courts to simultaneously send a mentally disordered offender to hospital and impose a prison sentence, to be completed after hospital discharge. It is the first measure that explicitly allows the imposition of a prison sentence for an offender meeting criteria for detention under the Mental Health (Scotland) Act 1984. A previous survey showed that psychiatrists in Scotland favoured the principle of a hybrid order (Darjee et al., 2000). In this study all Scottish Sheriffs (n=110) and High Court Judges (n=26) were surveyed for their views on the HD. Of the 56 respondents 19 felt unable to participate largely due to lack of experience in sentencing mentally disordered offenders. Respondents felt the HD was a useful measure, but, in contrast to Scottish Office guidance, indicated that psychiatrists should recommend it directly if they considered that it was an appropriate disposal. Respondents viewed the HD as primarily an incapacitating measure and most respondents hoped that it would encourage psychiatrists to admit ‘psychopaths’ although Scottish psychiatrists do not favour the hospitalisation of offenders with primary personality disorders. It is concluded that in its current form and with current guidance the HD is difficult to use, as there are no criteria to differentiate it from a hospital order (HO) and psychiatrists cannot recommend it. Further, recent legislation that makes public safety the primary concern when deciding on the discharge of restricted patients in Scotland, erodes the utility of the HD as an incapacitating measure. However following the Reports of the Millan and MacLean Committees in Scotland, the role of the HD may be strengthened and clarified.
Classification and Measurement in Forensic Handwriting Comparisons
Authors: Baxter P. G. 
Published: January 2017

Handwriting is one of the pinnacles of the progressive achievements of civilization; the translation of human thoughts into graphic form, calling as this does upon many of the complex functions of both body and brain. For various reasons, a number of attempts have been made to design systems for identifying the handwriting of a particular person. In general these systems have been based on the principles applied to the natural sciences of ‘classification’ and of ‘measurement’. However, with a subject so intrinsically variable as that of handwriting and, by definition, so essentially consistent and reproducible as those of classification and measurement, these systems have failed in universal acceptance. This paper surveys, briefly, some of the major systems which have been designed, examines the basic principles employed, criticizes the methodology, and demonstrates reasons for the inevitable and predictable failure for the universal acceptance of such systems; at least in those exercises associated with the identification of persons in legal proceedings.
Swelling Experiments of Dried Corneal Pieces Using Tritiated Water as Tracer—The Role of Corneal Mucopolysaccharides in Postmortem Corneal Clouding
Authors: Tsunenari Shigeyuki , Kanda Mizuho 
Published: January 2017

To investigate the role of corneal mucopolysaccharides (MPS) to take up water, swelling experiments were conducted on dried rabbit corneas using cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) or testicular hyaluronidase as an inactivator of corneal MPS and tritiated water as a radioactive tracer. The curves of 3H-water uptake of dried corneas in various solutions were classified into 3 types: (i) a sleep rise followed by a slow one (in distilled water), (ii) a slow rise followed by a steep one (in physiological saline solution), (iii) a slow rise followed by a constant level or a slight fall (in the solutions containing CPC). The hyaluronidase-digested corneas in distilled water took up 3H-water at two-thirds in quantities of the water uptake of the controls. The water uptake of a dried cornea was obviously inhibited with CPC or the treatment with testicular hyaluronidase. The importance of corneal MPS in postmortem corneal clouding was discussed on the basis of the present and previous data of the authors.
A Case of Fatal Dieldrin Poisoning
Authors: Steentoft Anni 
Published: January 2017

Dieldrin was developed in the United States and was made available commercially in 1948. Chemically, dieldrin is 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 10-hexachloro-6, 7-epoxy-1, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a-octahydro-1, 4, 5, 8-dimethanonaphthalene and forms, together with aldrin and endrin, a triumvirate of insecticides derived from hexachlorodicyclopentadiene. High insecticidal activity combined with long residual action makes dieldrin an effective insecticide. Dieldrin is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract and the skin. Several cases of chronic or acute non-fatal dieldrin poisoning have been reported, but only a very small number of fatal dieldrin cases with only fragmentary toxicological data have been described. This paper concerns a fatal intoxication due to dieldrin, including toxicological findings in blood, liver and muscle.
Air Gun Pellet Penetration
Authors: Steindler R. A. 
Published: January 2017

A very popular and powerful pneumatic air rifle sold in the United States has caused numerous injuries and even one death. These incidents are not due to a product failure, but are due to improper use of the gun. The ballistic performance of the 5 mm proprietary Sheridan pellets is examined, and the wounding and bone penetration capabilities of these pellets are studied. Due to the softness of the projectile, bone penetration is unlikely, and skin penetration slows down the projectile so that its wounding potential is considerably reduced. Several cases are briefly examined, and the performance of the Sheridan pellet is compared to the ballistic performance level of the 22 rimfire rounds.
An Epidemiological and Sociological Study of Unexpected Death in Infancy in Nine Areas of Southern England
Authors: Watson Elizabeth , Gardner Angela , Carpenter R. G. 
Published: January 2017

Similar histories of illness were recorded in the three weeks prior to death for children who died unexpectedly in infancy and for live controls in the three weeks prior to interview. Symptom analysis showed that the main difference between the two groups of children was the non-specific behavioural changes manifested in the case infants shortly before death. Underestimation of the severity of symptoms by parents or medical attendants was indicated in a proportion of the cases in all areas. Use of medical services was shown to vary widely between areas with a marked tendency to use hospital rather than general practitioner services in the inner city. The investigation into sudden infant death in one area included periodic progress meetings where possible preventable causes of the deaths were examined and future child health service planning decided in the light of the knowledge gained. Since the study began, the number of sudden infant deaths in this area has dropped significantly. It is suggested that such an enquiry into the circumstances at each death would be a simple method of undertaking a study of sudden death in a locality and possibly lowering the incidence.
Estimation of Stature from Parts of Humerus and Radius
Authors: Mysorekar V. R. , Nandedkar A. N. , Sarma T. C. S. R. 
Published: January 2017

The study took 193 right and 189 left, dry, fully ossified human humeri to derive regression formulae for the establishment of the total length of the humerus from the upper and lower segments, the line of division between the segments being the lowest level of insertion of the deltoid muscle. Also studied have been 151 right and 126 left, dry, fully ossified radii to derive regression formulae for establishment of the total length of the radius from the upper and lower segments, the line of division between the segments being the lowest level of insertion of the pronator teres muscle. All the regression formulae have a high degree of prediction, and are valuable in establishing the stature of an individual.
Violence in the Semi-Secure Ward of a Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Armond A. D. 
Published: January 2017

A psychiatric hospital's semi-secure ward was studied closely for 90 weeks to discover how violence arose. It was found that administrative changes made during the study were associated with dramatic rises and falls in the frequency of violence. The patients seemed to respond favourably to an atmosphere of psychological security, this being particularly evident with those suffering from chronic schizophrenia.
A Chloroform Inhalation Fatality – An Unusual Asphyxiation
Authors: Allan A. R. , Blackmore R. C. , Toseland P. A. 
Published: January 2017

Chloroform concentrations were determined in subclavian blood from a middle-aged woman who died following alleged use of chloroform during sexual foreplay. The chloroform concentration was redetermined after 1 year of storage at 4°C. Studies were also performed on the concentrations of chloroform in blood achieved by a volunteer inhaling chloroform.
2. Failure of a Feeding Jejunostomy
Authors: Opeskin K. , Lee K. A. 
Published: January 2017

A healthy 16-year-old female pedestrian was hit by a motor vehicle. She sustained multiple injuries including severe head injury. She was admitted to hospital unconscious. There was no recovery of neurological function. After a short period of time, a jejunostomy was performed for feeding purposes. The major clinical problem continued to be a feeding difficulty, with profuse diarrhoea occurring. At no stage was it possible to adequately nourish her. Hyperperistalsis was noted whilst in hospital. She died just over three months after admission. Autopsy revealed an emaciated body weighing only 25kg. An upper jejunostomy was still present containing a No. 20 French catheter. The bulb had threaded down the small bowel so that it was situated 25cm proximal to the ileocaecal valve. The small bowel was empty. The cause of death was given as malnutrition due to failure of function of a feeding jejunostomy due to small bowel hyperperistalsis in an individual with diffuse brain trauma. This complication of feeding jejunostomy causing death from malnutrition has not previously been described in the English literature.
3. False Complaints of Sexual Assault: Recovered Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Boakes Janet 
Published: January 2017

False complaints are easily made and carry serious consequences for the accused. Many of those who make false claims sincerely believe the truth of what they report. Some are opportunistic and are consciously lying for personal gain. A special type of false allegation, the false memory syndrome, arises typically within therapy. People report the ‘recovery’ of memories of previously unknown childhood sexual abuse. The influence of practitioners' beliefs and practices in the eliciting of false ‘memories’ and of false complaints cannot be overlooked. The problems of diagnosis, issues of confidentiality and the role of the expert witness as court educator are discussed.
Results from a Multiple Morbidities Testing Program Offering Rapid HIV Testing Bundled with Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing
Authors: Reynolds Grace L. , Fisher Dennis G. , Napper Lucy E. , Marsh Kimberly A. , Willey Christine , Brooks Ryan 
Published: January 2017

Objectives. Bundling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing with tests for other infectious diseases such as hepatitis C, syphilis, or gonorrhea has been proposed as a method to recruit at-risk individuals into HIV testing. The objectives of this study were to determine ( 1) the types of at-risk clients who choose the rapid vs. standard HIV test when bundled with hepatitis and sexually transmitted infection (STI) tests, and ( 2) whether clients receiving a rapid HIV test are more likely to return on time for hepatitis and STI test results. Methods. We recruited individuals from drug treatment programs, methadone maintenance programs, needle-exchange programs, a community-based agency serving the gay and lesbian community, and the Center for Behavioral Research and Services' office-based testing facility at California State University, Long Beach from January 2005 through November 2007. Results. A total of 2,031 clients from a multiple morbidities testing program in Long Beach, California, were tested between January 2005 and November 2007. For clients receiving hepatitis and STI testing, the majority chose the standard HIV test. Clients who received a rapid HIV test returned in significantly fewer days than clients who received a standard HIV test. Injection drug users and sex traders were more likely to choose the standard HIV test and more likely to fail to return for test results on time. Conclusion. The rapid HIV test, in conjunction with hepatitis and STI tests, results in clients being more likely to return on time for hepatitis and STI results. Public health efforts should focus on acquainting high-risk clients with rapid HIV testing.