bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and valuation of the health and climate change cobenefits of dietary change
Authors: Springmann Marco , Godfray H. Charles J. , Rayner Mike , Scarborough Peter 
Published: March 2016

Significance
The food system is responsible for more than a quarter of all greenhouse gas emissions while unhealthy diets and high body weight are among the greatest contributors to premature mortality. Our study provides a comparative analysis of the health and climate change benefits of global dietary changes for all major world regions. We project that health and climate change benefits will both be greater the lower the fraction of animal-sourced foods in our diets. Three quarters of all benefits occur in developing countries although the per capita impacts of dietary change would be greatest in developed countries. The monetized value of health improvements could be comparable with, and possibly larger than, the environmental benefits of the avoided damages from climate change.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of auditory attention synchronize with speech
Authors: Wöstmann Malte , Herrmann Björn , Maess Burkhard , Obleser Jonas 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Attending and ignoring play fundamental roles in our everyday behavior in spatially and temporally fast-varying environments. Does focused attention to a specific stimulus adapt to these spatiotemporal dynamics? Using magnetoencephalography, we investigated the differential time courses of sensory encoding of two simultaneous, bottom-up rhythmic speech streams versus neural signatures of top-down spatial attention to one of the two streams. As expected, spatial attention modulated the power of ∼10-Hz (alpha) oscillations and their lateralization across the two cerebral hemispheres. Critically, this lateralization of alpha activity was modulated in temporal synchrony with the speech rate and predicted participants’ speech comprehension. Our results demonstrate that alpha activity acts as a spatiotemporal filter to control the read-out of attended and ignored sensory content.
Haplotype synthesis analysis reveals functional variants underlying known genome-wide associated susceptibility loci
Authors: Lacour André , Ellinghaus David , Schreiber Stefan , Franke Andre , Becker Tim 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Motivation: The functional mechanisms underlying disease association remain unknown for Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) susceptibility variants located outside coding regions. Synthesis of effects from multiple surrounding functional variants has been suggested as an explanation of hard-to-interpret findings. We define filter criteria based on linkage disequilibrium measures and allele frequencies which reflect expected properties of synthesizing variant sets. For eligible candidate sets, we search for haplotype markers that are highly correlated with associated variants.
Results: Via simulations we assess the performance of our approach and suggest parameter settings which guarantee 95% sensitivity at 20-fold reduced computational cost. We apply our method to 1000 Genomes data and confirmed Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) variants. A proportion of 36.9% allowed explanation by three-variant-haplotypes carrying at least two functional variants, as compared to 16.4% for random variants (P=1.72×10−8). Association could be explained by missense variants for MUC19, PER3 (CD) and HMG20A (T2D). In a CD GWAS—imputed using haplotype reference consortium data (64 976 haplotypes)—we could confirm the syntheses of MUC19 and PER3 and identified synthesis by missense variants for 6 further genes (ZGPAZ, GPR65, CLN3/NPIPB8, LOC102723878, rs2872507, GCKR). In all instances, the odds ratios of the synthesizing haplotypes were virtually identical to that of the index SNP. In summary, we demonstrate the potential of synthesis analysis to guide functional follow-up of GWAS findings.
Availability and implementation: All methods are implemented in the C/C ++ toolkit GetSynth, available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/getsynth/.
Contact: tim.becker@uni-greifswald.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Development and initial testing of a tailored telephone intervention delivered by peers to prevent recurring opioid-overdoses (TTIP-PRO)
Authors: Winhusen T. , Theobald J. , Lewis D. , Wilder C. M. , Lyons M. S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Individuals with opioid use disorder experiencing a non-fatal opioid-overdose (OOD) are at heightened risk for future OODs; there are no interventions to facilitate treatment enrollment for these patients. Our goal was to develop and initially test the ‘tailored telephone intervention delivered by peers to prevent recurring opioid-overdoses’ (TTIP-PRO), a computer-facilitated, peer-delivered, individually tailored secondary prevention intervention designed to: (i) encourage patients to initiate medication-assisted treatment (MAT) and (ii) increase OOD knowledge. A pre–post-study assessed TTIP-PRO-content acceptability and software performance. Two Peer Interventionists, who were abstinent from illicit opioids, enrolled in MAT and had experience with OOD, were recruited from a MAT clinic. Recruitment letters were sent to patients treated for OOD in a hospital emergency department within the prior 8 months. Eight patients received TTIP-PRO and completed pre-/post-assessment. Peer Interventionists completed training within 4 h and reported high satisfaction with TTIP-PRO. There were no performance issues with the software. All participants rated TTIP-PRO as ‘very helpful’. Participants’ OOD knowledge increased significantly, with 69.9% correct responses pre-TTIP-PRO and 93.6% post-TTIP-PRO. Interest in receiving MAT, measured on a 10-point scale, increased from 8.1 to 9.5, but this change was not statistically significant. Further development and testing of TTIP-PRO appears warranted.
Evidence of Fermi bubbles around M31
Authors: Pshirkov M. S. , Vasiliev V. V. , Postnov K. A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Gamma-ray haloes can exist around galaxies due to the interaction of escaping galactic cosmic rays with the surrounding gas. We have searched for such a halo around the nearby giant spiral Andromeda galaxy M31 using almost 7 yr of Fermi LAT data at energies above 300 MeV. The presence of a diffuse gamma-ray halo with total photon flux 2.6 ± 0.6 × 10−9 cm−2 s−1, corresponding to a luminosity (0.3–100 GeV) of (3.2 ± 0.6) × 1038 erg s−1 (for a distance of 780 kpc) was found at a 5.3σ confidence level. The halo form does not correspond to the extended baryonic H i disc of M31, as would be expected in hadronic production of gamma photons from cosmic ray interaction, nor it is spherically symmetric, as could be in the case of dark matter annihilation. The best-fitting halo template corresponds to two 6–7.5 kpc bubbles symmetrically located perpendicular to the M31 galactic disc, similar to the ‘Fermi bubbles’ found around the Milky Way centre, which suggests the past activity of the central supermassive black hole or a star formation burst in M31.
Rapid-Antigen Test Negative Malaria in a Traveler Returning From Thailand, Molecularly Diagnosed as Plasmodium knowlesi
Authors: Mackroth Maria S. , Tappe Dennis , Tannich Egbert , Addo Marylyn , Rothe Camilla 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Plasmodium knowlesi has been identified in the last decade as a fifth species causing malaria in areas of South East Asia. Due to its short erythrocytic cycle, rapid development of high parasitemia and severe manifestations are frequently observed. Therefore, prompt diagnosis of infection is essential to prevent complications, but the low sensitivity of rapid diagnostic tests for P knowlesi pose a diagnostic challenge in acute settings. In this study, we report the case of a German traveler to Thailand, who was treated for P knowlesi malaria after returning to Germany. Rapid antigen test for malaria was negative on presentation. Diagnosis of a nonfalciparum malaria was made based on microscopy, and species definition was determined using polymerase chain reaction technique.
Use of the GlideScope Ranger Video Laryngoscope for Emergency Intubation in the Prehospital Setting: A Randomized Control Trial*
Authors: Trimmel Helmut , Kreutziger Janett , Fitzka Robert , Szüts Stephan , Derdak Christoph , Koch Elisabeth , Erwied Boris , Voelckel Wolfgang G. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives:
We sought to assess whether the GlideScope Ranger video laryngoscope may be a reliable alternative to direct laryngoscopy in the prehospital setting.

Design:
Multicenter, prospective, randomized, control trial with patient recruitment over 18 months.

Setting:
Four study centers operating physician-staffed rescue helicopters or ground units in Austria and Norway.

Patients:
Adult emergency patients requiring endotracheal intubation.

Interventions:
Airway management strictly following a prehospital algorithm. First and second intubation attempt employing GlideScope or direct laryngoscopy as randomized; third attempt crossover. After three failed intubation attempts, immediate use of an extraglottic airway device.

Measurements and Main Results:
A total of 326 patients were enrolled. Success rate with the GlideScope (n = 168) versus direct laryngoscopy (n = 158) group was 61.9% (104/168) versus 96.2% (152/158), respectively (p < 0.001). The main reasons for failed GlideScope intubation were failure to advance the tube into the larynx or trachea (26/168 vs 0/158; p < 0.001) and/or impaired sight due to blood or fluids (21/168 vs 3/158; p < 0.001). When GlideScope intubation failed, direct laryngoscopy was successful in 61 of 64 patients (95.3%), whereas GlideScope enabled intubation in four of six cases (66.7%) where direct laryngoscopy failed (p = 0.055). In addition, GlideScope was prone to impaired visualization of the monitor because of ambient light (29/168; 17.3%). There was no correlation between success rates and body mass index, age, indication for airway management, or experience of the physicians, respectively.

Conclusions:
Video laryngoscopy is an established tool in difficult airway management, but our results shed light on the specific problems in the emergency medical service setting. Prehospital use of the GlideScope was associated with some major problems, thus resulting in a lower intubation success rate when compared with direct laryngoscopy.
Aspirin Use in Secondary Cardiovascular Protection and the Development of Aspirin-Associated Erosions and Ulcers
Authors: Goldstein Jay L. , Scheiman James M. , Fort John G. , Whellan David J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
Aspirin for secondary cardiovascular disease prevention is well established, but treatment discontinuation, often because of gastrointestinal mucosal injury or symptoms, can lead to increased risk for cardiovascular events. Proton pump inhibitor therapy is recommended for aspirin-treated patients at gastrointestinal risk. PA32540 [enteric-coated aspirin (EC-ASA) 325 mg + immediate-release omeprazole 40 mg] was compared with EC-ASA 325 mg alone once daily for 6 months in 2 duplicate, randomized double-blind trials in gastrointestinal-risk patients taking aspirin for ≥3 months for secondary prevention. In this post hoc analysis, we determined the prevalence of endoscopic upper gastrointestinal ulcers at screening and whether baseline endoscopic gastric erosions impacted subsequent ulcer development. At the screening endoscopy, 6% of subjects had upper gastrointestinal ulcers (not eligible for randomization) and 40% had gastric erosions. Conditional logistic regression modeling showed that baseline gastric erosions are significantly associated with endoscopic gastric ulcer development (OR = 2.12, 95% confidence interval, 1.26–3.57). In subjects with baseline gastric erosion, 4.2% of PA32540-treated versus 13.0% of EC-ASA-treated subjects (P = 0.001) subsequently developed endoscopic gastric ulcers. These data suggest that gastric injury predisposes to gastric ulcer development when taking EC-ASA, and exposure to immediate-release omeprazole in the presence of aspirin therapy significantly reduces the likelihood of progressing to gastric ulcers.
Upper Versus Lower Gastrointestinal Delivery for Transplantation of Fecal Microbiota in Recurrent or Refractory Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Furuya-Kanamori Luis , Doi Suhail A.R. , Paterson David L. , Helms Stefan K. , Yakob Laith , McKenzie Samantha J. , Garborg Kjetil , Emanuelsson Frida , Stollman Neil , Kronman Matthew P. , Clark Justin , Huber Charlotte A. , Riley Thomas V. , Clements Archie C.A. 
Published: March 2016

Goals:
The aim of this study was to compare upper gastrointestinal (UGI) versus lower gastrointestinal (LGI) delivery routes of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for refractory or recurrent/relapsing Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).

Background:
FMT has been proven to be a safe and highly effective therapeutic option for CDI. Delivery, however, could be via the UGI or LGI routes, and it is unclear as to which route provides better clinical outcome.

Study:
A systematic search for studies that reported the use of FMT for CDI treatment was conducted. Individual patient data that included demographic (age and sex) and clinical (route of FMT delivery, CDI outcome after FMT, and follow-up time) information were obtained. Kaplan-Meier cumulative hazard curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess clinical failure after FMT by the route of delivery.

Results:
Data from 305 patients treated with FMT (208 via LGI route and 97 via UGI route) for CDI were analyzed. At 30 and 90 days, the risk of clinical failure was 5.6% and 17.9% in the UGI group compared with 4.9% and 8.5% in the LGI delivery route group, respectively. A time-varying analysis suggested a 3-fold increase in hazard of clinical failure for UGI delivery (hazard ratio, 3.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-8.93) in the period after 30 days.

Conclusions:
FMT delivered via the LGI seems to be the most effective route for the prevention of recurrence/relapse of CDI. A randomized controlled trial is necessary to confirm whether FMT delivered via the LGI is indeed superior to that delivered via the UGI route.
Managing Pain in Women Living With HIV/AIDS
Authors: Parker Romy , Jelsma Jennifer , Stein Dan J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This study tested an intervention program based on a chronic pain management model for pain. We conducted a trial of a 6-week, peer-led exercise and education intervention on pain in amaXhosa women living with HIV/AIDS. Participants were monitored over 15 months of routine care before randomization. The control group was provided with educational workbooks, and the experimental group attended the intervention. Pain was reassessed monthly for 4 months. There was no significant reduction in pain during 15 months of routine care and no difference between groups at any of the time points (d = 0.04). Both groups experienced equivalent pain reduction during the intervention compared with the period of routine care with meaningful reductions in pain at months 3 (Cohen’s d = 0.41) and 4 (Cohen’s d = 0.59). Provision of a workbook and participating in a 6-week peer-led exercise and education intervention are efficacious methods to treat pain in amaXhosa women living with HIV/AIDS.
The Aesthetic Surgery Literature: Do Plastic Surgeons Remain at the Cutting Edge?
Authors: Dolan Roisin T. , Zins James E. , Morrison Colin M. 
Published: March 2016

Background:
The aesthetic surgery arena has become a competitive marketplace. Recognition as an authority in aesthetic surgery remains a powerful marketing tool for plastic surgeons, but have significant inroads been made by other specialties? The aims of this study were to analyze publication trends relating to the top five most commonly performed aesthetic surgical procedures, and to assess the origins (i.e., source specialty, authorship, institutions, and countries) of published aesthetic surgical research.

Methods:
Based on the seventeenth annual multispecialty data set provided by the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, the top five most commonly performed aesthetic surgical procedures were selected. A temporal analysis of publication and citation rates, source institution and country, publishing journal, funding agency trends, and level of evidence was undertaken from 1970 to 2013.

Results:
Using the search criteria, 7762 articles were identified. There was an 8.8-fold increase in publication volume when the first decade (n = 375) was compared with the last decade (n = 3326). Over the past four decades, 52.2 percent of publications (n = 4053 of 7762) originated from plastic surgery research institutions, with varying contributions from other specialties. Competition was greatest in relation to authorship of blepharoplasty- and rhinoplasty-related publications.

Conclusions:
Although plastic surgeons continue to maintain a center-stage presence in terms of authorship of aesthetic surgical literature, significant contributions are now made by other specialties. Plastic surgeons must continue to foster high-quality, peer-reviewed research and innovations to maintain their visibility as leaders in the aesthetic surgery literature and sustain a competitive advantage in aesthetic surgery practice.
Frequent HIV Testing: Impact on HIV Risk Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Liu Yu , Qian Han-Zhu , Ruan Yuhua , Wu Pingsheng , Osborn Chandra Y. , Jia Yujiang , Yin Lu , Lu Hongyan , He Xiong , Shao Yiming , Vermund Sten H. 
Published: March 2016

Background:
The HIV epidemic continues to expand among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. The NIMH Project Accept/HPTN 043 trial suggested a borderline significant trend toward HIV incidence reduction among persons with higher testing rates.

Methods:
We assessed HIV testing histories and infection status among a community-based Beijing MSM. HIV serostatus was lab confirmed. We ascertained demographic/behavioral factors through questionnaire-based interviews. Associations of previous HIV testing with odds of current HIV infection were assessed, seeking improved like-with-like risk comparisons through multivariable logistic regression analysis with propensity score adjustment and restricted cubic spline modeling.

Results:
Among 3588 participants, 12.7% were HIV infected; 70.8% reported having ever tested for HIV. Compared with MSM who never tested, those ever testing had a 41% reduction in the odds of being HIV positive [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48 to 0.74. Higher HIV testing frequencies were associated with a decreasing trend in the odds of being infected with HIV vs. a referent group with no previous testing [>6 tests (aOR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.41); 4–6 (aOR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.78); 2–3 (aOR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.82); P for trend <0.001]. The multivariable-adjusted model with restricted cubic spline of HIV testing frequency showed a higher frequency of previous HIV testing associated with lower odds of HIV infection, particularly among men with ≥10 lifetime male sexual partners.

Conclusions:
Using risk probability adjustments to enable less biased comparisons, frequent HIV testing was associated with a lower HIV odds among Chinese MSM.
Detection of pathways affected by positive selection in primate lineages ancestral to humans
Authors: Daub J.T. , Moretti S. , Davidov I. I. , Excoffier L. , Robinson-Rechavi M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGene set enrichment approaches have been increasingly successful in finding signals of recent polygenic selection in the human genome. In this study, we aim at detecting biological pathways affected by positive selection in more ancient human evolutionary history. Focusing on four branches of the primate tree that lead to modern humans, we tested all available protein coding gene trees of the Primates clade for signals of adaptation in these branches, using the likelihood-based branch site test of positive selection. The results of these locus-specific tests were then used as input for a gene set enrichment test, where whole pathways are globally scored for a signal of positive selection, instead of focusing only on outlier “significant” genes. We identified signals of positive selection in several pathways that are mainly involved in immune response, sensory perception, metabolism, and energy production. These pathway-level results are highly significant, even though there is no functional enrichment when only focusing on top scoring genes. Interestingly, several gene sets are found significant at multiple levels in the phylogeny, but different genes are responsible for the selection signal in the different branches. This suggests that the same function has been optimized in different ways at different times in primate evolution.
Synaptic Transmission Parallels Neuromodulation in a Central Food-Intake Circuit
Authors: Schlegel Philipp , Texada Michael J. , Miroschnikow Anton , Schoofs Andreas , Hückesfeld Sebastian , Peters Marc , Schneider-Mizell Casey M. , Lacin Haluk , Li Feng , Fetter Richard D. , Truman James W. , Cardona Albert , Pankratz Michael J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNeuromedinU is a potent regulator of food intake and activity in mammals. InDrosophila, neurons producing the homologous neuropeptide hugin regulate feeding and locomotion in a similar manner. Here, we use EM-based reconstruction to generate the entire connectome of hugin-producing neurons in theDrosophilalarval CNS. We demonstrate that hugin neurons use synaptic transmission in addition to peptidergic neuromodulation and identify acetylcholine as a key transmitter. Hugin neuropeptide and acetylcholine are both necessary for the regulatory effect on feeding. We further show that subtypes of hugin neurons connect chemosensory to endocrine system by combinations of synaptic and peptide-receptor connections. Targets include endocrine neurons producing DH44, a CRH-like peptide, and insulin-like peptides. Homologs of these peptides are likewise downstream of neuromedinU, revealing striking parallels in flies and mammals. We propose that hugin neurons are part of a physiological control system that has been conserved at functional, molecular and network architecture level.
A Whole Blood Molecular Signature for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Muse Evan D , Kramer Eric R , Wang Haiying , Barrett Paddy , Parviz Fereshteh , Novotny Mark A , Lasken Roger S , Jatkoe Timothy A , Oliveira Glenn , Peng Hongfan , Lu Jerry , Connelly Marc C , Schilling Kurt , Rao Chandra , Torkamani Ali , Topol Eric J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTChest pain is a leading reason patients seek medical evaluation. While assays to detect myocyte death are used to diagnose a heart attack (acute myocardial infarction, AMI), there is no biomarker to indicate an impending cardiac event. Transcriptional patterns present in circulating endothelial cells (CEC) may provide a window into the plaque rupture process and identify a proximal biomarker for AMI. Thus, we aimed to identify a transcriptomic signature of AMI present in whole blood, but derived from CECs. Candidate genes indicative of AMI were nominated from microarray of enriched CEC samples, and then verified for detectability and predictive potential via qPCR in whole blood. This signature was validated in an independent cohort. Our findings suggest that a whole blood CEC-derived molecular signature identifies patients with AMI and sets the framework to potentially identify the earlier stages of an impending cardiac event where conventional biomarkers indicative of myonecrosis remain undetected.ABBREVIATIONSAMIacute myocardial infarctionAUCarea under the curveCADcoronary artery diseaseCECcirculating endothelial cellsCMPcirculating microparticlesCVDcardiovascular diseaseGSEAgene set enrichment analysisqPCRquantitative polymerase chain reactionROCreceiver operator characteristic