bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral small vessel disease, medial temporal lobe atrophy and cognitive status in patients with ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack
Authors: Arba F. , Quinn T. , Hankey G. J. , Ali M. , Lees K. R. , Inzitari D. ,   the VISTA Collaboration
Published: November 2016

Background and purposeSmall vessel disease (SVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two common causes of cognitive impairment and dementia, traditionally considered as distinct processes. The relationship between radiological features suggestive of AD and SVD was explored, and the association of each of these features with cognitive status at 1 year was investigated in patients with stroke or transient ischaemic attack.MethodsAnonymized data were accessed from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA). Medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA; a marker of AD) and markers of SVD were rated using validated ordinal visual scales. Cognitive status was evaluated with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) 1 year after the index stroke. Logistic regression models were used to investigate independent associations between (i) baseline SVD features and MTA and (ii) all baseline neuroimaging features and cognitive status 1 year post‐stroke.ResultsIn all, 234 patients were included, mean (±SD) age 65.7 ± 13.1 years, 145 (62%) male. Moderate to severe MTA was present in 104 (44%) patients. SVD features were independently associated with MTA (P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, disability after stroke, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, MTA was the only radiological feature independently associated with cognitive impairment, defined using thresholds of MMSE ≤ 26 (odds ratio 1.94; 95% confidence interval 1.28–2.94) and MMSE ≤ 23 (odds ratio 2.31; 95% confidence interval 1.48–3.62).ConclusionIn patients with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, SVD features are associated with MTA, which is a common finding in stroke survivors. SVD and AD type neurodegeneration coexist, but the AD marker MTA, rather than SVD markers, is associated with post‐stroke cognitive impairment.
Haemolytic anaemia and bilateral uveitis associated with leptospirosis in a 6‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding
Authors: Delph K. M. , Sharpe E. , Beard L. A. , Rankin A. J. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryA 6‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding was presented for bilateral uveitis resulting in vision loss as well as icterus. Anaemia with autoagglutination was consistent with a presumptive immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia. UrinaryPCRwas positive forLeptospiraspp. and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) titres were elevated to multiple serovars supportive of a diagnosis of leptospirosis. Treatments included broad spectrum antibiotics and aggressive anti‐inflammatory medications. While the horse was hospitalised, the development of bilateral corneal ulcers precluded the use of topical ophthalmic anti‐inflammatories for a number of days. The corneal ulceration resolved, vision returned in both eyes and the immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia resolved. After 9 days of hospitalisation, oral minocycline was administered for 2 weeks at home as well as low dose oral flunixin meglumine and topical ophthalmic diclofenac and atropine. This case represents the first published case of haemolytic anaemia associated with leptospirosis in a horse.
Niche dynamics of Palaeolithic modern humans during the settlement of the Palaearctic
Authors: Giampoudakis Konstantinos , Marske Katharine A. , Borregaard Michael K. , Ugan Andrew , Singarayer Joy S. , Valdes Paul J. , Rahbek Carsten , Nogués‐Bravo David 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimDuring the Late Pleistocene (c. 126–10 ka), modern humans (Homo sapiens) expanded their geographical range across Eurasia and eventually colonized the Americas. Although the routes by which they migrated have been intensively analysed, the dynamics of their realized climatic niche are still largely unknown. We assess temporal changes in the climatic niche of modern humans, the geographical distribution of their climatic niche and whether niche dynamics correlate with the magnitude of climate change and cultural advances, between 46 and 11 ka.LocationPalaearctic.MethodsUsing the radiocarbon dated archaeological record and spatial palaeoclimatic simulations, we quantify different parameters of the realized climatic niche of modern humans (niche overlap, niche breadth and climatic marginality) between consecutive 1000–2000 year intervals. Moreover, using climate envelope models, we map the potential distributions of modern humans for each time interval and identify the regions that remained more climatically suitable and stable for modern humans through time.ResultsBetween 46 and 22 ka the climatic niche of modern humans expanded, including periods of intense growth in niche breadth at 40 and 30 ka. Changes in seasonal water availability and technological innovations partly correlate with dynamics in niche parameters. We document a persistent climatically suitable mid‐latitude belt in south Siberia linking western Europe to the Far East that may have facilitated human migration, and a potential climatic refugium in Beringia.Main conclusionsThe climatic niche of modern humans changed across the Late Pleistocene, as the result of both climatic and cultural changes. These populations of hunter‐gatherers occupied novel climatic conditions but also remained in previously occupied areas under changing climates during the settlement of the Palaearctic. Our approach can provide clues as to where early modern humans may have overlapped in geographical and environmental space with Neanderthals or Denisovans, as evidenced by their contribution to the genetic heritage of some current populations.
Influence of Competing Risks on Estimating the Expected Benefit of Warfarin in Individuals with Atrial Fibrillation Not Currently Taking Anticoagulants: The Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation Study
Authors: Ashburner Jeffrey M. , Go Alan S. , Chang Yuchiao , Fang Margaret C. , Fredman Lisa , Applebaum Katie M. , Singer Daniel E. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo provide greater understanding of the “real world” effect of anticoagulation on stroke risk over several years.DesignCohort study.SettingAnticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation Study community‐based cohort.ParticipantsAdults with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) between 1996 and 2003 (13,559).MeasurementsAll events were clinician adjudicated. Extended Cox regression with longitudinal warfarin exposure was used to estimate cause‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) for thromboembolism and the competing risk event (all cause death). The Fine and Gray subdistribution regression approach was used to estimate this association while accounting for competing death events. As a secondary analysis, follow‐up was limited to 1, 3, and 5 years.ResultsThe rate of death was much higher in the group not taking warfarin (8.1 deaths/100 person‐years (PY)) than in the group taking warfarin (5.5 deaths/100 PY). The cause‐specific HR indicated a large reduction in thromboembolism with warfarin use (adjusted HR = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.50–0.65), although this association was substantially attenuated after accounting for competing death events (adjusted HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77–0.99). In analyses limited to 1 year of follow‐up, with fewer competing death events, the results for models that did and did not account for competing risks were similar.ConclusionAnalyses accounting for competing death events may provide a more‐realistic estimate of the longer‐term stroke prevention benefits of anticoagulants than traditional noncompeting risk analyses for individuals with AF, particularly those who are not currently treated with anticoagulants.
Sulfatide species with various fatty acid chains in oligodendrocytes at different developmental stages determined by imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: Hirahara Yukie , Wakabayashi Taketoshi , Mori Tetsuji , Koike Taro , Yao Ikuko , Tsuda Masayuki , Honke Koichi , Gotoh Hitoshi , Ono Katsuhiko , Yamada Hisao 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHSO3‐3‐galactosylceramide (Sulfatide) species comprise the major glycosphingolipid components of oligodendrocytes and myelin and play functional roles in the regulation of oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin formation. Although various sulfatide species contain different fatty acids, it is unclear how these sulfatide species affect oligodendrogenesis and myelination. The O4 monoclonal antibody reaction with sulfatide has been widely used as a useful marker for oligodendrocytes and myelin. However, sulfatide synthesis during the pro‐oligodendroblast stage, where differentiation into the oligodendrocyte lineage has already occurred, has not been examined. Notably, this stage comprises O4‐positive cells. In this study, we identified a sulfatide species from the pro‐oligodendroblast‐to‐myelination stage by imaging mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that short‐chain sulfatides with 16 carbon non‐hydroxylated fatty acids (C16) and 18 carbon non‐hydroxylated fatty acids (C18) or 18 carbon hydroxylated fatty acids (C18‐OH) existed in restricted regions of the early embryonic spinal cord, where pro‐oligodendroblasts initially appear, and co‐localized with Olig2‐positive pro‐oligodendroblasts. C18 and C18‐OH sulfatides also existed in isolated pro‐oligodendroblasts. C22‐OH sulfatide became predominant later in oligodendrocyte development and the longer C24 sulfatide was predominant in the adult brain. Additionally, the presence of each sulfatide species in a different area of the adult brain was demonstrated by imaging mass spectrometry at an increased lateral resolution. These findings indicated that O4 recognized sulfatides with short‐chain fatty acids in pro‐oligodendroblasts. Moreover, the fatty acid chain of the sulfatide became longer as the oligodendrocyte matured. Therefore, individual sulfatide species may have unique roles in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination.
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Can follow‐up phone calls improve patients self‐monitoring of blood glucose?
Authors: Brown‐Deacon Cheryl , Brown Terri , Creech Constance , McFarland Marilyn , Nair Anupama , Whitlow Kevin 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of follow‐up phone calls in improving frequency of glucose monitoring over a three month period in two groups of patients with type 2 diabetes with the goal to lower haemoglobin A1C.BackgroundTelephone intervention has been successfully used in improving adherence to diabetes self‐management and other chronic disease conditions.DesignA quality improvement study.MethodsForty one Type 2 diabetic patients with HA1C ≥7·5% were included in the study. The patients were assigned to two groups. The first group of patients received standard diabetic care (Group 1) and the second group of patients (Group 2) received standard diabetic care plus follow‐up phone calls within two weeks after a monthly clinic visit over a three month period. A haemoglobin A1C if indicated was done at the initial study visit.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in the baseline haemoglobin A1C between the two groups or the three month haemoglobin A1C of the two groups. There were no statistically significant differences in mean haemoglobin A1C change between Group 1 and Group 2. The analysis revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between groups in the number of patients who kept logs of their blood glucose readings throughout the study.ConclusionThe intervention using telephone follow‐up calls did not show a statistically significant improvement in overall HA1C, but there was a clinically significant change in HA1C in the group of patients that received follow‐up phone calls.Relevance to clinical practiceThe clinical significance of the change in A1C in the follow‐up phone call group (Group 2) supports that frequent contact by telephone may likely improve adherence to diabetes self‐management.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Intravascular Ultrasound‐Guided Provisional Stenting in Coronary Bifurcation Lesions J‐REVERSE Sub‐Study
Authors: Yamawaki Masahiro , Terashita Daisuke , Takahashi Hachidai , Shinke Toshiro , Fujii Kenichi , Shimada Yoshihisa , Takeda Yoshihiro , Yamada Shinichiro , Kinoshita Yoshihisa , Murasato Yoshinobu ,   on behalf of J‐REVERSE Investigators
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on provisional coronary bifurcation stenting under the complete guidance of intravascular‐ultrasound (IVUS).BackgroundThe efficacy of such intervention has not yet been fully elucidated in the DM patients.MethodsA total of 100 DM and 139 non‐DM patients in a prospective multi‐center registry of IVUS‐guided bifurcation stenting were compared in angiographic results at 9 months. Vessel and luminal changes during the intervention were analyzed using the IVUS. Vascular healing at the follow‐up was also investigated in 23 lesions in each group using optical coherence tomography (OCT).ResultsNo difference was detected regarding baseline reference vessel diameter and minimum lumen diameter in proximal main vessel (MV), distal MV, and side branch (SB). The rate of everolimus‐eluting stent use (78.4% vs. 78.3%), final kissing inflation (60.1% vs. 49.0%), and conversion to 2‐stent strategy (2.9% vs. 2.8%) were also similar. In the DM group, late loss was greater in proximal MV (DM 0.23 ± 0.29 vs. non‐DM 0.16 ± 0.24 mm, P < 0.05) and SB (0.04 ± 0.49 vs. −0.08 ± 0.35 mm, P < 0.05). Smaller vessel area restricted stent expansion in the proximal MV (6.18 ± 1.67 vs. 6.72 ± 2.07 mm2, P < 0.05). More inhomogeneous neointimal coverage (unevenness score, 1.90 ± 0.33 vs. 1.72 ± 0.29, P < 0.05) and more frequent thrombus attachment (26% vs. 4%, P < 0.05) were documented in the proximal MV at 9‐month follow‐up OCT.ConclusionsDespite IVUS optimization for coronary bifurcation, DM is potentially associated with smaller luminal gain, higher late‐loss, and inhomogeneous vascular healing with frequent thrombus attachment in the proximal MV.
Teen Childbearing and Depression: Do Pregnancy Attitudes Matter?
Authors: Whitworth Tanya Rouleau 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe relationship between teen childbearing and depression has been extensively studied; however, little is known about how young women's own attitudes toward becoming pregnant shape this association. This study used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to investigate whether the relationship between teen childbearing and adult depression is moderated by adolescent attitudes toward becoming pregnant. The results showed that although, on average, women who had first births between ages 16 and 19 experienced no more depressive symptoms in adulthood than women who had first births at age 20 or older, the relationship between teen childbearing and adult depression varied significantly based on adolescent pregnancy attitudes. When they had negative adolescent attitudes toward getting pregnant, teen mothers had similar levels of depression as adult mothers, but when they had positive adolescent pregnancy attitudes, teen mothers actually had fewer depressive symptoms than women with adult first births.
Transorbital Sonography and Visual Outcome for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Optic Neuritis
Authors: Lochner Piergiorgio , Leone Maurizio A. , Fassbender Klaus , Cantello Roberto , Coppo Lorenzo , Nardone Raffaele , Zorzi Gianni , Lesmeister Martin , Comi Cristoforo , Brigo Francesco 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETransorbital sonography (TOS) is a promising tool to support the clinical diagnosis of optic neuritis (ON) by showing thickening of optic nerve. In this study, we aimed to define its specific role in follow‐up of ON patients.METHODSWe measured ultrasonography parameters and visual acuity (VA) at presentation and after 1 year in 45 patients with newly diagnosed ON. Two vascular sonographers used B‐mode TOS to evaluate mean optic nerve diameter (OND) and optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD).RESULTSMedian ONSD values were significantly thicker in patients with ON in the affected eye (6.4 mm, interquartile range [IQR]: 6.0‐6.9) at presentation compared with the nonaffected side (5.7 mm; IQR: 5.2‐6.1) (P < .001). The median OND was not significantly thicker at presentation in the affected eye (3.0 mm; IQR: 2.9‐3.4) compared with the fellow eye (2.9 mm; IQR: 2.8‐3.2) (P = .09). Logarithmic VA was significantly compromised at presentation in the affected eye (.16; IQR: .00–.55) compared with fellow eye (.00; IQR: .00–.00) (P < .001). After 1 year, no significant difference (P ≥ .05) was found between ONSD or OND of the affected side compared with the nonaffected side. VA improved in most of the patients but remained significantly impaired in affected eye after 1 year.CONCLUSIONSTOS is a useful tool to support diagnosis of ON. This technique seems to have less value to evaluate atrophy of the optic nerve after 12 months.
Prognostic factors of single‐visit endodontic and restorative treatment under general anaesthesia for special needs patients
Authors: Chang J. , Kim H.‐Y. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the longevity of teeth with single‐visit endodontic and restorative treatment under general anaesthesia (GA) for special needs patients and to investigate factors associated with survival and success. Data were collected from 381 teeth in 203 patients [mean (s.d.) age = 27·0 (14·1)]. All endodontic and restorative procedures were performed during a single GA session except for cementation of crowns in the cases requiring crown restoration (38%). A total of 267 teeth (70·6%) were followed‐up for 6–81 months [mean (s.d.): 32·7 (20·0)]. Patients and teeth with and without follow‐up were compared. Kaplan–Meier analysis with generalised Wilcoxon test was used to compare the mean survival and success period. Cox proportion hazard regression model was applied for multivariate analysis. At the end of the observation period, 10 teeth had a crown fracture (5‐year survival rate = 89·8%), and an additional 10 teeth had primary or secondary caries (5‐year success rate = 86·4%). Risk factors associated with survival were age (>40), non‐parental caregiver, cooperation level and periodontal disease. A soft diet was an additional risk factor against the success of teeth. Single‐visit endodontic and restorative treatment under GA showed favourable outcomes, suggesting a promising treatment option for special needs patients. Patient‐ and dental‐specific circumstances need to be carefully considered to enhance the longevity of reconstructed teeth.
Effects of heat treatment on protein feeds evaluatedin vitroby the method of estimating utilisable crude protein at the duodenum
Authors: Vaga M. , Hetta M. , Huhtanen P. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe effect of heat treatment on the protein value of field beans, lupins and peas was studied using anin vitromethod. Protein feeds were subjected to heat treatment for 30, 60 and 90 min in forced air oven at 120, 140 and 160 °C and in autoclave at 105, 120 and 135 °C. The heat‐treated protein feeds were incubated in buffered rumen fluid together with grass silage and barley in complete isonitrogenous diets. The gas production (GP) was recorded continuously, and ammonia‐N (NH3‐N) concentrations were determined during thein vitroincubation at 8, 24 and 48 h and used to determine the utilisable crude protein (uCP) at the duodenum at 16 h of incubation (uCP16). Heat treatments decreased the concentration of soluble crude protein and increased neutral detergent insolubleCP(NDICP) in all protein feeds compared to untreated. Inclusion of protein feeds to basal diet showed no increase in theuCP16in untreated field bean diet and only a small numerical increase in theuCP16concentrations from 160 g/kg dry matter (DM) to 166 and 172 g/kgDMin untreated lupine and pea diets, respectively, indicating high degradability of untreated feeds. Increasing the time and temperature of the heat treatment linearly increased theuCP16concentrations in field bean and pea diets, but not in lupin diets. Autoclave treatment was more effective in decreasinguCP16than oven treatment despite the lower temperatures used. However, the combination of highest temperatures and treatment time in autoclave increased acid detergent insolubleCP(ADICP) concentrations in protein feeds, indicating protein damage and decreased intestinal digestibility. Determiningin vitrouCPandADICPshows to be a promising method for evaluating protein value in heat‐treated animal feeds.
Usefulness of albumin‐bilirubin grade for evaluation of long‐term prognosis for hepatitis B‐related cirrhosis
Authors: Chen R.‐C. , Cai Y.‐J. , Wu J.‐M. , Wang X.‐D. , Song M. , Wang Y.‐Q. , Zheng M.‐H. , Chen Y.‐P. , Lin Z. , Shi K. Q. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryLong‐term prognosis varies widely among patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related liver cirrhosis. Our study aimed to investigate the applicability of albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI), Child‐Pugh and model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) scores to the long‐term prognosis prediction of HBV‐related cirrhosis. Patients diagnosed with HBV‐associated cirrhosis from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2010 and December 2015 were enrolled in this study. The patients were followed up every 3 months. The prognostic performance of ALBI in long‐term outcome prediction for HBV‐related cirrhosis was compared with Child‐Pugh and MELD scores using time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (tdROC) and decision curve analysis. A total of 806 patients were included in our study with 275 (34.1%) deceased during the follow‐up. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that ALBI grade was an independent predictor associated with mortality. The tdROC analysis showed that ALBI score (0.787, 0.830 and 0.833) was superior to MELD (0.693, P=.003; 0.717, P<.001; 0.744, P<.001) and Child‐Pugh score (0.641, P<.001; 0.649, P<.001; 0.657, P<.001) for predicting 1‐year, 2‐year and 3‐year mortality. Additionally, decision curves also got the similar results. In addition, patients with lower ALBI score had a longer life expectancy, even among patients within the same Child‐Pugh class. Thus, ALBI score was effective in predicting the long‐term prognosis for patients with HBV‐related cirrhosis and more accurate than Child‐Pugh and MELD scores.