bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Combinatorial Algorithm for Microbial Consortia Synthetic Design
Authors: Julien-Laferrière Alice , Bulteau Laurent , Parrot Delphine , Marchetti-Spaccamela Alberto , Stougie Leen , Vinga Susana , Mary Arnaud , Sagot Marie-France 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSynthetic biology has boomed since the early 2000s when it started being shown that it was possible to efficiently synthetize compounds of interest in a much more rapid and effective way by using other organisms than those naturally producing them. However, to thus engineer a single organism, often a microbe, to optimise one or a collection of metabolic tasks may lead to difficulties when attempting to obtain a production system that is efficient, or to avoid toxic effects for the recruited microorganism. The idea of using instead a microbial consortium has thus started being developed in the last decade. This was motivated by the fact that such consortia may perform more complicated functions than could single populations and be more robust to environmental fluctuations. Success is however not always guaranteed. In particular, establishing which consortium is best for the production of a given compound or set thereof remains a great challenge. This is the problem we address in this paper. We thus introduce an initial model and a method that enable to propose a consortium to synthetically produce compounds that are either exogenous to it, or are endogenous but where interaction among the species in the consortium could improve the production line.
Determination of nicotine in tobacco products based on mussel-inspired reduced graphene oxide-supported gold nanoparticles
Authors: Jing Yanqiu , Yuan Xiuxiu , Yuan Qiu , He Kuanxin , Liu Yingjie , Lu Ping , Li Huaiqi , Li Bin , Zhan Hui , Li Guangliang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPolydopamine functionalized reduced graphene oxide-gold nanoparticle (PDA-RGO/Au) nanocomposites were successfully prepared by a simple and mild procedure. The PDA-RGO/Au nanocomposite is successfully formed in an aqueous buffer solution (pH 8.5) without using any reducing agent. FTIR confirmed the successful coating of PDA and informed the reduction of the surface functional groups of GO. The formation of reduced GO and Au NPs was further evidenced by UV-Vis and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. This method is environmentally friendly and highly beneficial for the mass production of graphene-noble metal based nanocomposite. The as prepared PDA-RGO/Au nanocomposite could greatly enhance the electrochemical oxidation of nicotine. We fabricated an electrochemical nicotine sensor based on the prepared PDA-RGO/Au nanocomposite. The proposed nicotine sensor showed a wide detection range from 0.05 to 500 μM with a low detection limit of 0.015 μM. Moreover, the proposed nicotine sensor was also successfully applied for determination nicotine content in tobacco products.
The different effects of twin boundary and grain boundary on reducing tension-compression yield asymmetry of Mg alloys
Authors: Yu Huihui , Xin Yunchang , Chapuis Adrien , Huang Xiaoxu , Xin Renlong , Liu Qing 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the present study, a coarse grained AZ31 plate was refined by "Equation missing" twin boundaries (TBs) and grain boundaries (GBs), respectively. A comparative study about the different effects of grain refinements by GBs and by TBs on tension-compression yield asymmetry was performed. Our results show that both the refinements by GBs and by TBs increase the tensile and compressive yield strengths, but to a different degree. "Equation missing" TBs are more effective to harden "Equation missing" twinning, but yield a lower strengthening against prismatic <a> slip and a much lower tension-compression yield asymmetry is thus obtained. Both the differences in boundary coherence and misorientation between GBs and TBs affect the hardening. The misorientation of TBs provides a lower geometric compatibility factor (a higher hardening) for both prismatic <a> slip and "Equation missing" twinning than that of GBs, which in detail is the result of the much higher angle between c-axes of the two sides of TBs (about 86°) than GBs (0–50°). It is found that, for hardening of prismatic <a> slip, boundary coherence plays a more important role than misorientation. With regard to "Equation missing" twinning, the different misorientation of TBs from GBs mainly accounts for their different hardening effects.
Defective regulation of POMC precedes hypothalamic inflammation in diet-induced obesity
Authors: Souza Gabriela F. P. , Solon Carina , Nascimento Lucas F. , De-Lima-Junior Jose C. , Nogueira Guilherme , Moura Rodrigo , Rocha Guilherme Z. , Fioravante Milena , Bobbo Vanessa , Morari Joseane , Razolli Daniela , Araujo Eliana P. , Velloso Licio A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObesity is the result of a long-term positive energy balance in which caloric intake overrides energy expenditure. This anabolic state results from the defective activity of hypothalamic neurons involved in the sensing and response to adiposity. However, it is currently unknown what the earliest obesity-linked hypothalamic defect is and how it orchestrates the energy imbalance present in obesity. Using an outbred model of diet-induced obesity we show that defective regulation of hypothalamic POMC is the earliest marker distinguishing obesity-prone from obesity-resistant mice. The early inhibition of hypothalamic POMC was sufficient to transform obesity-resistant in obesity-prone mice. In addition, the post-prandial change in the blood level of β-endorphin, a POMC-derived peptide, correlates with body mass gain in rodents and humans. Taken together, these results suggest that defective regulation of POMC expression, which leads to a change of β-endorphin levels, is the earliest hypothalamic defect leading to obesity.
Cancer screening education: can it change knowledge and attitudes among culturally and linguistically diverse communities in Queensland, Australia?
Authors: Cullerton Katherine , Gallegos Danielle , Ashley Ella , Do Hong , Voloschenko Anna , Fleming MaryLou , Ramsey Rebecca , Gould Trish 
Published: July 2016

Issue addressedScreening for cancer of the cervix, breast and bowel can reduce morbidity and mortality. Low participation rates in cancer screening have been identified among migrant communities internationally. Attempting to improve low rates of cancer screening, the Ethnic Communities Council of Queensland developed a pilot Cancer Screening Education Program for breast, bowel and cervical cancer. This study determines the impact of education sessions on knowledge, attitudes and intentions to participate in screening for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities living in Brisbane, Queensland.MethodsSeven CALD groups (Arabic‐speaking, Bosnian, South Asian (including Indian and Bhutanese), Samoan and Pacific Island, Spanish‐speaking, Sudanese and Vietnamese) participated in a culturally‐tailored cancer screening education pilot program that was developed using the Health Belief Model. A pre‐ and post‐education evaluation session measured changes in knowledge, attitudes and intention related to breast, bowel and cervical cancer and screening. The evaluation focussed on perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness and the target population's beliefs about reducing risk by cancer screening.ResultsThere were 159 participants in the three cancer screening education sessions. Overall participants' knowledge increased, some attitudes toward participation in cancer screening became more positive and intent to participate in future screening increased (n = 146).ConclusionThese results indicate the importance of developing screening approaches that address the barriers to participation among CALD communities and that a culturally‐tailored education program is effective in improving knowledge, attitudes about and intentions to participate in cancer screening.So what?It is important that culturally‐tailored programs are developed in conjunction with communities to improve health outcomes.
Motivational and cultural correlates of second language acquisition
Authors: Yu Baohua , Watkins David A. 
Published: July 2016

The present study investigates the relationships among motivational factors, cultural correlates and second language proficiency. The participants, from both Western and Asian backgrounds, were learning Chinese at university level in the People’s Republic of China. 115 students (35 Western students and 80 Asian students) ranging from beginning to advanced levels of proficiency were surveyed.The results of the study indicated that the degree of integrativeness into Chinese culture and motivation was significantly and positively related to Chinese language proficiency, while language anxiety was significantly and negatively correlated to such proficiency. However instrumental orientation was found to have no statistically significant relationship with such proficiency. Multiple regression analysis indicated that integrativeness and gender were major variables predicting Chinese language proficiency. Significant differences between Western and Asian student groups were found in terms of motivational variables and Chinese language proficiency. Compared with the Asian student group, the Western student group tended to perform better in spoken Chinese proficiency as evaluated by their teachers and seemed to have higher levels of motivation and integrativeness but lower levels of instrumental orientation and language anxiety. Recommendations are made to enhance motivation and second language acquisition.
Code choice in Hong Kong
Authors: Yee Ho Judy Woon 
Published: July 2016

China resumed its sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997. Since then drastic changes in this former British colony have occurred. One of these changes is a shift in language policy, from bilingualism (Cantonese and English) to trilingualism (Cantonese, English and Putonghua). The present study is aimed at investigating tertiary students’ use of Cantonese, English and Putonghua on a daily basis, analysing the roles and functions of each language and discussing how these may impact on language policy and language education.Research instruments included 52 students’ language diaries and written analyses, 51 hours of audio-recordings of verbal exchanges, and focus group semi-structured interviews. Results show that the students’ speech repertoire mainly consists of two languages: Cantonese and English and their various mixes. Cantonese is used to ensure understanding, consolidate solidarity and maintain social cohesion. The English-Cantonese mix has become a more powerful identity marker for educated people in Hong Kong than pure Cantonese. English and its supplement with Cantonese are often used in the domain of education. The majority of students seldom use Putonghua in everyday life, but there is a strong instrumental motivation to learn it. Measures are suggested to facilitate a more successful move from bilingualism to trilingualism.
Documenting the diversity of learner achievements in Asian languages using common measures
Authors: Elder Catherine , Kim Hyejeong , Knoch Ute 
Published: July 2016

While there have been a number of studies exploring the impact of time-on-task and language background on language achievement for both English and other languages, the Student Achievement in Asian Languages Education (SAALE) project constitutes the first systematic attempt to gather empirical evidence of these effects for four Asian languages (Chinese, Indonesian, Japanese and Korean) in Australian schools. The paper focuses on the approach adopted to measure and exemplify the diverse nature of learner achievements in the context of concern. This approach involved a) the gathering of information about the language background and prior learning experience of the study’s participants in order to establish learner sub-groups for subsequent analysis, b) the use of common assessment procedures at each level of schooling to compare levels of achievement across learner sub-groups and c) the analysis of samples of each sub-group’s performance by teams of teacher experts to develop rich descriptions of achievement reflecting the different dimensions of diversity relevant to each language.
The paper outlines the methodology adopted for the study, and reports briefly on the overall findings, Particular attention is paid to the challenges encountered in undertaking the research and to the further efforts that are needed to build on the project outcomes.
Aboriginal English
Authors: Malcolm Ian G. 
Published: July 2016

Aboriginal English has been documented in widely separated parts of Australia and, despite some stylistic and regional variation, is remarkably consistent across the continent, and provides a vehicle for the common expression of Aboriginal identity. There is, however, some indeterminacy in the way in which the term is used in much academic and public discourse. There are diverse assumptions as to its relation to pidgin, creole and interlanguage varieties, as well as to Australian English.
In an attempt to provide some clarification, this paper compares Aboriginal English with the main varieties with which it bears some relationship, either historically (as in the case of the English of Southeast England and Ireland) or geographically (as in the case of Australian English and Australian pidgins and creoles). It does this by employing the morphosyntactic database of the World Atlas of Varieties of English (Kortmann & Lunkenheimer, 2012).
The electronic database on morphosyntactic variation in varieties of spoken English (eWAVE) isolates 235 variable features and enables their relative prevalence to be compared across varieties. A comparison of Aboriginal English with six relevant varieties on this database leads to the view that it retains significant influence from the English varieties of Southeast England and of Ireland, in many ways not shared with Australian English and that it has a great deal more feature overlap with Australian creoles than with Australian English, though a significant percentage of its features is shared only with other English varieties rather than creoles. The findings support the view that Aboriginal English is an English variety of post-creole origin, though not a creole, and that it is not directly related to Australian English. In the light of these findings, it is argued that Aboriginal English speakers will be disadvantaged in an education system which assumes that they are speakers of Australian English.
In the light of these findings, it is argued that Aboriginal English speakers will be disadvantaged in an education system whichassumes that they are speakers of Australian English.
Dynamic development of complexity and accuracy
Authors: Rosmawati R. 
Published: July 2016

This paper reports on the development of complexity and accuracy in English as a Second Language (ESL) academic writing. Although research into complexity and accuracy development in second language (L2) writing has been well established, few studies have assumed the multidimensionality of these two constructs (Norris & Ortega, 2009) or endeavoured to make long-term observations on the course of their development (Vyatkina, 2012). Given that recent research in the field of Second Language Acquisition has moved towards a more holistic perspective on language learning and development (Larsen-Freeman, 2011, 2012), there is a need to consider the potential dynamics of the longitudinal development of these constructs in L2 writing.
This study addresses this issue by exploring the dynamic unfolding of complexity and accuracy development in the academic writing of an advanced L2 learner during her postgraduate study in Australia. The results suggested that both complexity and accuracy displayed the characteristics of a dynamic system and their development was highly variable, non-linear, and idiosyncratic. Their interaction, too, was dynamic and changed over time. The findings in this study confirm and substantiate the Dynamic Systems Theory (DST) proposition of L2 developmental dynamics, including the development of L2 academic writing.
Activation of human bitter taste receptors by polymethoxylated flavonoids
Authors: Kuroda Yuki , Ikeda Riko , Yamazaki Toyomi , Ito Keisuke , Uda Kazunari , Wakabayashi Keiji , Watanabe Tatsuo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Tangeretin and nobiletin are polymethoxylated flavonoids in citrus peel. Both tangeretin and nobiletin are bitter; however, their bitterness has not been evaluated using human bitter taste receptors (hTAS2Rs). We screened 25 kinds of hTAS2Rs and found that hTAS2R14 and hTAS2R46 received both compounds.
Increase of β2-integrin on adhesion of THP-1 cells to collagen vitrigel membrane
Authors: Uchino Tadashi , Kuroda Yukie , Ishida Seiichi , Yamashita Kunihiko , Miyazaki Hiroshi , Oshikata Ayumi , Shimizu Kumiko , Kojima Hajime , Takezawa Toshiaki , Akiyama Takumi , Ikarashi Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhen human monocyte-derived leukemia (THP-1) cells, which are floating cells, are stimulated with lipid peroxides, or Streptococcus suis, these cells adhere to a plastic plate or endothelial cells. However, it is unclear whether or not non-stimulated THP-1 cells adhere to collagen vitrigel membrane (CVM). In this study, firstly, we investigated the rate of adhesion of THP-1 cells to CVM. When THP-1 cells were not stimulated, the rate of adhesion to CVM was high. Then, to identify adhesion molecules involved in adhesion of THP-1 cells to CVM, expressions of various cell adhesion molecules on the surface of THP-1 cells adhering to CVM were measured. β-actin, β-catenin, and β1-integrin expressions did not change in non-stimulated THP-1 cells cultured on CVM compared with those in cells cultured in a flask, but β2-integrin expression markedly increased.
Use of electronic healthcare records to identify complex patients with atrial fibrillation for targeted intervention
Authors: Wang Shirley V , Rogers James R , Jin Yinzhu , Bates David W , Fischer Michael A 
Published: July 2016

Background: Practice guidelines recommend anticoagulation therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have other risk factors putting them at an elevated risk of stroke. These patients remain undertreated, but, with increasing use of electronic healthcare records (EHRs), it may be possible to identify candidates for treatment.
Objective: To test algorithms for identifying AF patients who also have known risk factors for stroke and major bleeding using EHR data.
Materials and Methods: We evaluated the performance of algorithms using EHR data from the Partners Healthcare System at identifying AF patients and 16 additional conditions that are risk factors in the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED risk scores for stroke and major bleeding. Algorithms were based on information contained in problem lists, billing codes, laboratory data, prescription data, vital status, and clinical notes. The performance of candidate algorithms in 1000 bootstrap resamples was compared to a gold standard of manual chart review by experienced resident physicians.
Results: Physicians reviewed 480 patient charts. For 11 conditions, the median positive predictive value (PPV) of the EHR-derived algorithms was greater than 0.90. Although the PPV for some risk factors was poor, the median PPV for identifying patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 or a HAS-BLED score ≥3 was 1.00 and 0.92, respectively.
Discussion: We developed and tested a set of algorithms to identify AF patients and known risk factors for stroke and major bleeding using EHR data. Algorithms such as these can be built into EHR systems to facilitate informed decision making and help shift population health management efforts towards patients with the greatest need.
A framework for evaluating electronic health record vendor user-centered design and usability testing processes
Authors: Ratwani Raj M , Zachary Hettinger A , Kosydar Allison , Fairbanks Rollin J , Hodgkins Michael L 
Published: July 2016

Objective: Currently, there are few resources for electronic health record (EHR) purchasers and end users to understand the usability processes employed by EHR vendors during product design and development. We developed a framework, based on human factors literature and industry standards, to systematically evaluate the user-centered design processes and usability testing methods used by EHR vendors.
Materials and Methods: We reviewed current usability certification requirements and the human factors literature to develop a 15-point framework for evaluating EHR products. The framework is based on 3 dimensions: user-centered design process, summative testing methodology, and summative testing results. Two vendor usability reports were retrieved from the Office of the National Coordinator’s Certified Health IT Product List and were evaluated using the framework.
Results: One vendor scored low on the framework (5 pts) while the other vendor scored high on the framework (15 pts). The 2 scored vendor reports demonstrate the framework’s ability to discriminate between the variabilities in vendor processes and to determine which vendors are meeting best practices.
Discussion: The framework provides a method to more easily comprehend EHR vendors’ usability processes and serves to highlight where EHR vendors may be falling short in terms of best practices. The framework provides a greater level of transparency for both purchasers and end users of EHRs.
Conclusion: The framework highlights the need for clearer certification requirements and suggests that the authorized certification bodies that examine vendor usability reports may need to be provided with clearer guidance.
Recognizing and treating patients with envenomations
Authors: Hurt John B. , Maday Kristopher R. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Venomous spiders and snakes are found throughout the United States, and clinicians often encounter patients with suspected spider or snakebites. Due to the significant morbidity and mortality that can be related to a particular envenomation, clinicians must be able to recognize the species of spiders and snakes that are capable of delivering a venomous bite. Through proper species identification, recognition of the specific signs and symptoms that specific venom produces, and understanding the treatment guidelines for the envenomation, clinicians can properly diagnosis, treat, and manage patients with venomous bites.
Mild traumatic brain injury in a gymnast
Authors: Knight Debra , Dewitt Rachel , Moser Sharon 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Primary care providers often are responsible for the initial evaluation and management plan of young patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI, also called concussion), and need to be familiar with new protocols and how to incorporate them into a patient's treatment plan. This article describes a patient who suffered a mild TBI and returned to sports too early, and discusses the appropriate protocols for managing concussion in children.
Atypical chest discomfort in a 36-year-old man
Authors: Alexander Lisa Mustone , Robie Stephen , Baute Scott 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
This article focuses on aortic aneurysms and the evaluation of patients with atypical chest pain. A complete and accurate family history is essential. Clinicians should pay close attention to persistence of symptoms and age in patients with atypical chest discomfort who do not have routine confirmatory cardiac findings.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Skinder Danielle , Zacharia Ilana , Studin Jillian , Covino Jean 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an increasingly common diagnosis seen in men over age 50 years. Primary care providers must be aware of patient presentation, diagnostic tests, appropriate lifestyle modifications, treatment options, and potential complications in order to properly manage and educate patients with BPH. If left untreated, BPH can significantly decrease a man's quality of life; however, many pharmacologic and surgical treatments are available to control the symptoms.