bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic‐guided catheter ablation of twin AV nodal reentrant tachycardia in a patient with left atrial isomerism, interrupted inferior vena cana, and Kawashima‐Fontan procedure
Authors: Bessière Francis , Mongeon François‐Pierre , Therrien Judith , Khairy Paul 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessageTwin AV nodal reentrant tachycardia most commonly occurs in patients with complex congenital heart disease who have two distinct AV nodes, His bundles, and non‐preexcited QRS morphologies. Catheter ablation of the weaker AV node may be hindered by anatomical complexities. In such cases, remote magnetic guidance offers a potentially effective solution.
Prostate cancer infiltrating the bladder sphincter successfully treated with Electrochemotherapy: a case report
Authors: Klein Nina , Gunther Enric , Zapf Stefan , El‐Idrissi Rachid , Atta Johannes , Stehling Michael 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessageWe demonstrate feasibility and safety of Electrochemotherapy for treatment of a prostate cancer (PCa) with infiltration of the urethral sphincter. The patient remained continent and potent, toxicity was low, and 6 months of follow‐up showed no cancer activity. We conclude that Electrochemotherapy should be further evaluated as treatment strategy for locally advanced PCa.
Recent Advances toward Achieving High‐Performance Carbon‐Fiber Materials for Supercapacitors
Authors: Xie Shilei , Liu Si , Cheng Faliang , Lu Xihong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art energy storage devices are highly attractive for the ever‐worsening energy depletion and environmental deterioration. Among various candidates, supercapacitors (SCs) have been considered among the most promising energy storage devices. As key factors for the development of SCs, the electrode materials have been widely exploited, and great achievements have been made. Among these materials, carbon‐fiber materials, such as carbon nanofibers (CNFs), carbon cloths (CCs), and carbon fiber papers (CFPs), are considered as promising candidates for electrodes and supports/current collectors for other electrode materials, owing to their special physical/chemical properties and structures. This Minireview aims to provide an overview of recent advances and technologies to improve the electrochemical performance of these carbon‐fiber materials and their composite electrodes. We also briefly outline the current challenges and perspectives for the development of these carbon‐fiber materials and carbon‐fiber‐based composite electrode materials.
Imprinted Naked Pt Nanoparticles on N‐Doped Carbon Supports: A Synergistic Effect between Catalyst and Support
Authors: Bolzan Gustavo R. , Abarca Gabriel , Gonçalves Wellington D. G. , Matos Carolina F. , Santos Marcos J. L. , Dupont Jairton 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA synergistic effect resulting from the interaction of small (2.4–3.1 nm) naked Pt nanoparticles (NPs) imprinted on N‐doped carbon supports is evidenced by structural, electronic and electrochemical characterization. The size and distribution of the sputtered Pt NPs are found to be related to the nature of the support because Pt NPs are preferentially located at Ngraphitic sites. In addition, Rutherford backscattering shows that a deeper penetration of the Pt NPs is obtained in the N‐doped carbon support with larger pore diameters. The ligand effect of the N‐doped carbon supports is found to occur by electron donation from Npyrrolic and Ngraphitic sites to the Pt NPs and the electron acceptor behavior of the C=Npyridinic sites. The carbon matrix acquires a basic characteristic (electron‐richer, metallic behavior) capable of interacting with metallic NPs akin to a bimetallic‐like system. The imprinted Pt NPs are active catalysts for oxidation, although displaying poor catalytic activity for reduction reactions. The catalyst N‐doped carbon supports play an important role in the overall catalytic process, rather than only acting as a simple active phase carrier.
Heterogeneous Acid‐Catalyzed Racemization of Tertiary Alcohols
Authors: Görbe Tamás , Lihammar Richard , Bäckvall Jan‐E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTertiary alcohols are important structural motifs in natural products and building blocks in organic synthesis but only few methods are known for their enantioselective preparation. Chiral resolution is one of these approaches that leaves one enantiomer (50 % of the material) unaffected. An attractive method to increase the efficiency of those resolutions is to racemize the unaffected enantiomer. In the present work, we have developed a practical racemization protocol for tertiary alcohols. Five different acidic resin materials were tested. The Dowex 50WX8 was the resin of choice since it was capable of racemizing tertiary alcohols without any byproduct formation. Suitable solvents and a biphasic system were investigated, and the optimized system was capable of racemizing differently substituted tertiary alcohols.
Rh‐Catalyzed Denitrogenative Reaction of N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles with Isatoic Anhydrides and Oxadiazolones
Authors: Pal Kuntal , Hoque Abdul , Volla Chandra M. R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA convenient and simple, RhII‐catalyzed denitrogenative method for the synthesis of biologically interesting 2‐amino‐benzoxazinones and 5‐amino‐oxadiazoles from readily available isatoic anhydrides and oxadiazolones has been developed. These reactions proceed via an O−H insertion onto α‐imino RhII–carbenoid species followed by a rearrangement. The scope of the reaction can also be extended to benzoxazinones to access amino‐substituted benzoxazines.
Mechanistic Insights on Human Phosphoglucomutase Revealed by Transition Path Sampling and Molecular Dynamics Calculations
Authors: Brás Natércia F. , Fernandes Pedro A. , Ramos Maria J. , Schwartz Steven D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHuman α‐phosphoglucomutase 1 (α‐PGM) catalyzes the isomerization of glucose‐1‐phosphate into glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) through two sequential phosphoryl transfer steps with a glucose‐1,6‐bisphosphate (G16P) intermediate. Given that the release of G6P in the gluconeogenesis raises the glucose output levels, α‐PGM represents a tempting pharmacological target for type 2 diabetes. Here, we provide the first theoretical study of the catalytic mechanism of human α‐PGM. We performed transition‐path sampling simulations to unveil the atomic details of the two catalytic chemical steps, which could be key for developing transition state (TS) analogue molecules with inhibitory properties. Our calculations revealed that both steps proceed through a concerted SN2‐like mechanism, with a loose metaphosphate‐like TS. Even though experimental data suggests that the two steps are identical, we observed noticeable differences: 1) the transition state ensemble has a well‐defined TS region and a late TS for the second step, and 2) larger coordinated protein motions are required to reach the TS of the second step. We have identified key residues (Arg23, Ser117, His118, Lys389), and the Mg2+ ion that contribute in different ways to the reaction coordinate. Accelerated molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the G16P intermediate may reorient without leaving the enzymatic binding pocket, through significant conformational rearrangements of the G16P and of specific loop regions of the human α‐PGM.
Optimizing active surveillance strategies to balance the competing goals of early detection of grade progression and minimizing harm from biopsies
Authors: Barnett Christine L. , Auffenberg Gregory B. , Cheng Zian , Yang Fan , Wang Jiachen , Wei John T. , Miller David C. , Montie James E. , Mamawala Mufaddal , Denton Brian T. 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDActive surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer includes follow‐up with serial prostate biopsies. The optimal biopsy frequency during follow‐up has not been determined. The goal of this investigation was to use longitudinal AS biopsy data to assess whether the frequency of biopsy could be reduced without substantially prolonging the time to the detection of disease with a Gleason score ≥ 7.METHODSWith data from 1375 men with low‐risk prostate cancer enrolled in AS at Johns Hopkins, a hidden Markov model was developed to estimate the probability of undersampling at diagnosis, the annual probability of grade progression, and the 10‐year cumulative probability of reclassification or progression to Gleason score ≥ 7. It simulated 1024 potential AS biopsy strategies for the 10 years after diagnosis. For each of these strategies, the model predicted the mean delay in the detection of disease with a Gleason score ≥ 7.RESULTSThe model estimated the 10‐year cumulative probability of reclassification from a Gleason score of 6 to a Gleason score ≥ 7 to be 40.0%. The probability of undersampling at diagnosis was 9.8%, and the annual progression probability for men with a Gleason score of 6 was 4.0%. On the basis of these estimates, a simulation of an annual biopsy strategy estimated the mean time to the detection of disease with a Gleason score ≥ 7 to be 14.1 months; however, several strategies eliminated biopsies with only small delays (<12 months) in detecting grade progression.CONCLUSIONSAlthough annual biopsy for low‐risk men on AS is associated with the shortest time to the detection of disease with a Gleason score ≥ 7, several alternative strategies may allow less frequent biopsying without sizable delays in detecting grade progression. Cancer 2018;124:698‐705. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Validity and usefulness of a single‐item measure of patient‐reported bother from side effects of cancer therapy
Authors: Pearman Timothy P. , Beaumont Jennifer L. , Mroczek Daniel , O’Connor Mary , Cella David 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDThe improving efficacy of cancer treatment has resulted in an increasing array of treatment‐related symptoms and associated burdens imposed on individuals undergoing aggressive treatment of their disease. Often, clinical trials compare therapies that have different types, and severities, of adverse effects. Whether rated by clinicians or patients themselves, it can be difficult to know which side effect profile is more disruptive or bothersome to patients. A simple summary index of bother can help to adjudicate the variability in adverse effects across treatments being compared with each other.METHODSAcross 4 studies, a total of 5765 patients enrolled in cooperative group studies and industry‐sponsored clinical trials were the subjects of the current study. Patients were diagnosed with a range of primary cancer sites, including bladder, brain, breast, colon/rectum, head/neck, hepatobiliary, kidney, lung, ovary, pancreas, and prostate as well as leukemia and lymphoma. All patients were administered the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General version (FACT‐G). The single item “I am bothered by side effects of treatment” (GP5), rated on a 5‐point Likert scale, is part of the FACT‐G. To determine its validity as a useful summary measure from the patient perspective, it was correlated with individual and aggregated clinician‐rated adverse events and patient reports of their general ability to enjoy life.RESULTSAnalyses of pharmaceutical trials demonstrated that mean GP5 scores (“I am bothered by side effects of treatment”) significantly differed by maximum adverse event grade (P<.001) in all trials, with a clear trend toward increasing GP5 scores with level of increasing adverse event grade. Effect sizes ranged from 0.13 to 0.46. Analyses of cooperative group trials demonstrated a significant correlation between GP5 and item GF3 (“I am able to enjoy life”) in the predicted direction.CONCLUSIONSThe single FACT‐G item “I am bothered by side effects of treatment” is significantly associated with clinician‐reported adverse events and with patients’ ability to enjoy their lives. It has promise as an overall summary measure of the burden of a given set of treatment toxicities compared with another. Future research can identify the contribution of individual side effects compared with one another in terms of how each may contribute to overall bother. Cancer 2018;124:991‐7. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Efficacy of a community‐based participatory and multilevel intervention to enhance hepatitis B virus screening and vaccination in underserved Korean Americans
Authors: Ma Grace X. , Lee Minsun M. , Tan Yin , Hanlon Alexandra L. , Feng Ziding , Shireman Theresa I. , Rhee Joanne , Wei Zhengyu , Wong Frank , Koh Han Seung , Kim Charles , York Whitney 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDThe primary objective of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of a community‐based participatory intervention program in improving hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening and vaccination among Korean Americans who were not previously screened.METHODSA cluster randomized trial involving 32 Korean church‐based community organizations (1834 participants) was conducted. Sixteen churches were randomly assigned to an HBV screening and vaccination multicomponent intervention condition (972 participants) and 16 were assigned to a general cancer education control condition (862 participants). The main components of the intervention program included interactive group education; patient navigation; and the engagement of health care providers, church leadership, and church members in the medical field. The application of community‐based participatory research principles was monitored and evaluated. HBV screening and vaccination rates (self‐reported and medical record verification) were assessed at 6‐month and 12‐month follow‐ups, respectively.RESULTSThe results of the current study demonstrated significant efficacy in the HBV screening rate (92.5% in the intervention group vs 5.5% in the control group), 3‐series HBV vaccination completion rate (84% in the intervention group vs 17.6% in the control group), and overall screening and vaccination compliance rate (87% in the intervention group vs 3.8% in the control group). Participants in the intervention group were significantly more likely to receive HBV screening (92.5%) compared with those in the control group (5.5%). In multivariate mixed‐effect logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for an intervention effect on HBV screening was 512.3 after adjusting for cluster effect and other demographic variables. With regard to vaccination rates, of the 332 participants who were screened with no immunity in the intervention group, 308 (92.8%) received at least 1 HBV vaccination, 300 (90.4%) received at least 2 shots, and 279 participants (84%) received all 3 shots.CONCLUSIONSA combination of community‐based participatory research and a multilevel approach may produce the most optimal results and be essential in producing a considerable effect for enhancing HBV screening and vaccination, particularly for Korean American populations with limited language proficiency and insurance coverage. Cancer 2018;124:973‐82. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Study on the SDN‐IP–based solution of well‐known bottleneck problems in private sector of national R&E network for big data transfer
Authors: Park Hyoungwoo , Cho Buseung , Hwang Il‐sun , Lee Jongsuk Ruth 
Published: November 2017

SummaryLast‐mile bottleneck, fire‐wall bottleneck, and internal network congestion bottleneck are well‐known performance bottleneck problems of private sector in national R&E network since Internet is adopted for R&E network. The emergency of big data science makes these problems more severe because a famous scientist under such a circumstance is severely restricted in his/her big data R&D. Therefore, government cannot leave these stubs in the realm of a private organization any longer. We, KREONET (Korea Research Environment Open Network), tried to solve these problems by SDN‐IP (software‐defined network—Internet protocol) based on ONOS (Open Network Operation System); SDN‐IP is the leading technology for the softwarization of network, and it is developed by On Lab. KREONET began to deploy SDN‐IP as a tool for the softwarization of Korea R&E network even though others studied to business its' feature for the enhancement of resource management of data center first. The initial goal during the construction of SDN‐IP for KREONET is to solve well‐known problems in R&E network, which are related with last‐mile, fire‐wall, and internal network congestion. These 3 problems are not solved for a long time because it costs too much when we try to solve them by the way of the existed hardware networking. In this paper, we introduce our experience that can catch two rabbits at the same time. These experiences are about the provision of the initial popular service of SDN‐IP with the solution of those well‐known bottleneck problems and about the economic way of SDN‐IP construction by incremental hybrid networking of legacy Internet and SDN‐IP.
Insights on the Structure, Molecular Weight and Activity of an Antibacterial Protein–Polymer Hybrid
Authors: Pan Yanxiong , Neupane Sunanda , Farmakes Jasmin , Oh Myungkeun , Bentz Kylie , Choi Yongki , Yang Zhongyu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractProtein–polymer conjugates are attractive biomaterials which combine the functions of both proteins and polymers. The bioactivity of these hybrid materials, however, is often reduced upon conjugation. It is important to determine and monitor the protein structure and active site availability in order to optimize the polymer composition, attachment point, and abundance. The challenges in probing these insights are the large size and high complexity in the conjugates. Herein, we overcome the challenges by combining electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and characterize the structure of antibacterial hybrids formed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and an antibacterial protein. We discovered that the primary reasons for activity loss were PEG blocking the substrate access pathway and/or altering protein surface charges. Our data indicated that the polymers tended to stay away from the protein surface and form a coiled conformation. The structural insights are meaningful for and applicable to the rational design of future hybrids.
Molecular testing on endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) fine needle aspirates (FNA): Impact of triage
Authors: Sung Simon , Crapanzano John P. , DiBardino David , Swinarski David , Bulman William A. , Saqi Anjali 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundEndobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) is performed to diagnose and stage lung cancer. Multiple studies have described the value of Rapid On‐Site Evaluation (ROSE), but often the emphasis is upon diagnosis than adequacy for molecular testing (MT). The aim was to identify variable(s), especially cytology‐related, that can improve MT.MethodsA search for EBUS‐FNAs with ROSE was conducted for lung adenocarcinomas or when this diagnosis could not be excluded. All such cases underwent reflex MT on cell blocks. The impact of cytology‐related variables [i.e., number of pass(es), dedicated pass(es) directly into media, cytotechnologist (CT), laboratory technician (LT) and triage with 1 or >1 cytologist] was evaluated. The latter category was divided into Group A [ROSE, triage and slide preparation by cytopathologist (CP) and CT at start of the procedure] and Group B (ROSE only by CT or by CT/CP after start of procedure; triage and slide preparation by CT or clinical staff). The impact of all these variables on MT was assessed.ResultsA total of 100 cases were identified, and 79 had sufficient tissue for MT. Of all variables evaluated, MT was positively affected by performing a direct dedicated pass (P = 0.013) and ROSE by Group A (P = 0.033).ConclusionsROSE with appropriate triage, including performing a dedicated pass and proper slide preparation, improves MT, and this is enhanced by having >1 cytologist at the start of the procedure. In the era of personalized medicine, “adequate” should denote sufficient tissue for diagnosis and MT.
Thresholds of sea‐level rise rate and sea‐level rise acceleration rate in a vulnerable coastal wetland
Authors: Wu Wei , Biber Patrick , Bethel Matthew 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFeedbacks among inundation, sediment trapping, and vegetation productivity help maintain coastal wetlands facing sea‐level rise (SLR). However, when the SLR rate exceeds a threshold, coastal wetlands can collapse. Understanding the threshold helps address key challenges in ecology—nonlinear response of ecosystems to environmental change, promotes communication between ecologists and resource managers, and facilitates decision‐making in climate change policies. We studied the threshold of SLR rate and developed a new threshold of SLR acceleration rate on sustainability of coastal wetlands as SLR is likely to accelerate due to enhanced anthropogenic forces. Deriving these two thresholds depends on the temporal scale, the interaction of SLR with other environmental factors, and landscape metrics, which have not been fully accounted for before this study. We chose a representative marine‐dominated estuary in the northern Gulf of Mexico, Grand Bay in Mississippi, to test the concept of SLR thresholds. We developed a mechanistic model to simulate wetland change and then derived the SLR thresholds for Grand Bay. The model results show that the threshold of SLR rate in Grand Bay is 11.9 mm/year for 2050, and it drops to 8.4 mm/year for 2100 using total wetland area as a landscape metric. The corresponding SLR acceleration rate thresholds are 3.02 × 10−4 m/year2 and 9.62 × 10−5 m/year2 for 2050 and 2100, respectively. The newly developed SLR acceleration rate threshold can help quantify the temporal lag before the rapid decline in wetland area becomes evident after the SLR rate threshold is exceeded, and cumulative SLR a wetland can adapt to under the SLR acceleration scenarios. Based on the thresholds, SLR that will adversely impact the coastal wetlands in Grand Bay by 2100 will fall within the likely range of SLR under a high warming scenario (RCP8.5), highlighting the need to avoid RCP8.5 to preserve these marshes.
Cryptic genetic variation in an inbreeding and cosmopolitan pest, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, revealed using ddRADseq
Authors: Storer Caroline , Payton Adam , McDaniel Stuart , Jordal Bjarte , Hulcr Jiri 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEach year new exotic species are transported across the world through global commerce, causing considerable economic and ecological damage. An important component of managing invasion pathways is to identify source populations. Some of the most widespread exotic species are haplodiploid ambrosia beetles. The ability to mate with siblings (inbreed) and their transportable food source (symbiotic fungus) have enabled them to colonize most of the world and become pests of plant nurseries, lumber, and forests. One of the fastest spreading ambrosia beetles is Xylosandrus crassiusculus. In order to discover the source populations of this globally invasive species, track its movement around the world, and test biogeographical scenarios, we combined restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) with comprehensive sampling across the species native and introduced range. From 1,365 genotyped SNP loci across 198 individuals, we determined that in its native range, X. crassiusculus is comprised of a population in Southeast Asia that includes mainland China, Thailand, and Taiwan, and a second island population in Japan. North America and Central America were colonized from the island populations, while Africa and Oceania were colonized from the mainland Asia, and Hawaii was colonized by both populations. Populations of X. crassiusculus in North America were genetically diverse and highly structured, suggesting (1) numerous, repeated introductions; (2) introduction of a large founding population; or (3) both scenarios with higher than expected outcrossing. X. crassiusculus, other wood‐boring insects, and indeed many other pests with unusual genetic structure continue to spread around the world. We show that contemporary genetic methods offer a powerful tool for understanding and preventing pathways of future biosecurity threats.