bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning to Be Unsung Heroes: Development of Reputation Management in Two Cultures
Authors: Fu Genyue , Heyman Gail D. , Cameron Catherine Ann , Lee Kang 
Published: May 2016

The effective management of one's reputation is an important social skill, but little is known about how it develops. This study seeks to bridge the gap by examining how children communicate about their own good deeds, among 7‐ to 11‐year‐olds in both China and Canada (total N = 378). Participants cleaned a teacher's messy office in her absence, and their responses were observed when the teacher returned. Only the Chinese children showed an age‐related increase in modesty by choosing to falsely deny their own good deeds. This modest behavior was uniquely predicted by Chinese children's evaluations of modesty‐related lies. The results suggest that culture‐specific socialization processes influence the way children communicate with authority figures about prosocial deeds.
Cultural Learning Redux
Authors: Tomasello Michael 
Published: May 2016

M. Tomasello, A. Kruger, and H. Ratner (1993) proposed a theory of cultural learning comprising imitative learning, instructed learning, and collaborative learning. Empirical and theoretical advances in the past 20 years suggest modifications to the theory; for example, children do not just imitate but overimitate in order to identify and affiliate with others in their cultural group, children learn from pedagogy not just episodic facts but the generic structure of their cultural worlds, and children collaboratively co‐construct with those in their culture normative rules for doing things. In all, human children do not just culturally learn useful instrumental activities and information, they conform to the normative expectations of the cultural group and even contribute themselves to the creation of such normative expectations.
Interactive Lenses for Visualization: An Extended Survey
Authors: Tominski C. , Gladisch S. , Kister U. , Dachselt R. , Schumann H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe elegance of using virtual interactive lenses to provide alternative visual representations for selected regions of interest is highly valued, especially in the realm of visualization. Today, more than 50 lens techniques are known in the closer context of visualization, far more in related fields. In this paper, we extend our previous survey on interactive lenses for visualization. We propose a definition and a conceptual model of lenses as extensions of the classic visualization pipeline. An extensive review of the literature covers lens techniques for different types of data and different user tasks and also includes the technologies employed to display lenses and to interact with them. We introduce a taxonomy of lenses for visualization and illustrate its utility by dissecting in detail a multi‐touch lens for exploring large graph layouts. As a conclusion of our review, we identify challenges and unsolved problems to be addressed in future research.
Incidence of undetected cement on CAD/CAM monolithic zirconia crowns and customized CAD/CAM implant abutments. A prospective case series
Authors: Wasiluk Grzegorz , Chomik Ewa , Gehrke Peter , Pietruska Małgorzata , Skurska Anna , Pietruski Jan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the frequency of cement residues after cementation of CAD/CAM monolithic zirconia crowns on customized CAD/CAM titanium abutments.Materials and methodsSixty premolars and molars were restored on Astra Tech Osseospeed TX™ implants using single monolithic zirconia crowns fixed on two types of custom‐made abutments: Atlantis™ titanium or Atlantis™ Gold Hue. Occlusal openings providing access to the abutment screws were designed for retrievability of the crown/abutment connection. After fixation with glass ionomer cement, the crown/abutment units were unscrewed to evaluate the presence of residual cement. Dichotomous assessment of the presence or absence of cement at the crown/abutment unit and peri‐implant tissues was performed.ResultsClinically undetected cement excess was visible on 44 of 60 restorations (73.3%). There was no interdependency between residual cement presence and implant location or diameter. However, a dependency between the presence of residual cement and the aspect of the abutment/crown connection could be noted. The majority of the residues were observed on the distal (17.9%) and mesial (15%) aspects. While on the palatal/lingual aspect, the cement was visible in 8.8%; only 3.4% of all surfaces displayed cement residues.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that the use of customized CAD/CAM abutments do not guarantee avoidance of subgingival cement residues after crown cementation.
Adenosine Triphosphate stimulates differentiation and mineralization in human osteoblast‐like Saos‐2 cells
Authors: Cutarelli Alessandro , Marini Mario , Tancredi Virginia , D'Arcangelo Giovanna , Murdocca Michela , Frank Claudio , Tarantino Umberto 
Published: May 2016

In the last years adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and subsequent purinergic system activation through P2 receptors were investigated highlighting their pivotal role in bone tissue biology. In osteoblasts ATP can regulate several activities like cell proliferation, cell death, cell differentiation and matrix mineralization. Since controversial results exist, in this study we analyzed the ATP effects on differentiation and mineralization in human osteoblast‐like Saos‐2 cells. We showed for the first time the altered functional activity of ATP receptors. Despite that, we found that ATP can reduce cell proliferation and stimulate osteogenic differentiation mainly in the early stages of in vitro maturation as evidenced by the enhanced expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osteocalcin (OC) genes and by the increased ALP activity. Moreover, we found that ATP can affect mineralization in a biphasic manner, at low concentrations ATP always increases mineral deposition while at high concentrations it always reduces mineral deposition. In conclusion, we show the osteogenic effect of ATP on both early and late stage activities like differentiation and mineralization, for the first time in human osteoblastic cells.
Developing a classification system of social communication functioning of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Di Rezze Briano , Rosenbaum Peter , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Hidecker Mary Jo Cooley , Stratford Paul , Cousins Martha , Camden Chantal , Law Mary 
Published: May 2016

AimImpairments in social communication are the hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Operationalizing ‘severity’ in ASD has been challenging; thus, stratifying by functioning has not been possible. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of the Autism Classification System of Functioning: Social Communication (ACSF:SC) and to evaluate its consistency within and between parent and professional ratings.Method(1) ACSF:SC development based on focus groups and surveys involving parents, educators, and clinicians familiar with preschoolers with ASD; and (2) evaluation of the intra‐ and interrater agreement of the ACSF:SC using weighted kappa (кw).ResultsSeventy‐six participants were involved in the development process. Core characteristics of social communication were ascertained: communicative intent; communicative skills and reciprocity; and impact of environment. Five ACSF:SC levels were created and content‐validated across participants. Best capacity and typical performance agreement ratings varied as follows: intrarater agreement on 41 children was кw=0.61 to 0.69 for parents, and кw=0.71 to 0.95 for professionals; interrater agreement between professionals was кw=0.47 to 0.61, and between parents and professionals was кw=0.33 to 0.53.InterpretationPerspectives from parents and professionals informed ACSF:SC development, providing common descriptions of the levels of everyday communicative abilities of children with ASD to complement the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Rater agreement demonstrates that the ACSF:SC can be used with acceptable consistency compared with other functional classification systems.
Mitigating impacts of weeds and kangaroo grazing following prescribed fire in a Banksia woodland
Authors: Brown Kate , Paczkowska Grazyna , Gibson Neil 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBanksia woodlands are renowned for their flammability and prescribed fire is increasingly employed to reduce the risk of wildfire and to protect life and property, particularly where these woodlands occur on the urban interface. Prescribed fire is also employed as a tool for protecting biodiversity assets but can have adverse impacts on native plant communities. We investigated changes in species richness and cover in native and introduced flora following autumn prescribed fire in a 700‐hectare Banksia/Tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala) woodland that had not burnt for more than 30 years. Effectiveness of management techniques at reducing weed cover and the impacts of grazing by Western Grey Kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus)postfire were also investigated. Thirty plots were established across a designated burn boundary immediately before a prescribed fire in May 2011, and species richness and cover were measured 3 years after the fire, in spring of 2013. Fencing treatments were established immediately following the fire, and weed management treatments were applied annually in winter over the subsequent 3 years. Our results indicate that autumn prescribed fire can facilitate increases in weed cover, but management techniques can limit the establishment of targeted weeds postfire. Postfire grazing was found to have significant adverse impacts on native species cover and vegetation structure, but it also limited establishment of some serious weeds including Pigface (Carpobrotus edulis). Manipulating herbivores in time and space following prescribed fire could be an important and cost‐effective way of maintaining biodiversity values.
Propagation by partial tissue culture of Austral Bracken (Pteridium esculentum) for revegetation
Authors: Kodym Andrea , Lang Mirini , Delpratt John 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAustral Bracken (Pteridium esculentum) is a native fern common in many Australian ecosystems and is needed in large numbers for revegetation projects. The main limiting factor for the propagation of locally sourced material is spore availability. A mass propagation system was developed by combining tissue culture and nursery‐based systems. Spores collected over the summer months from wild populations were germinated in vitro on ½ MS medium containing 0.15% w/v activated charcoal. Gametophytes were rapidly multiplied on the same medium. In vitro sporophyte development was unreliable although sometimes prolific. However, gametophytes transferred to a pine bark potting medium with added coir, on a capillary bed in a fog house, produced sporophytes reliably. Across different seasons and populations, 75–100% of the gametophyte explants developed sporophytes within about 9 weeks. Three hundred propagated ferns planted into two field sites within their provenance origins had a survival of 92 and 95% respectively, 3 or 4 months after planting. This report delivers a ready‐to‐use and reliable protocol for the mass propagation of bracken fern of local origin to the revegetation industry.
Why Do Males of Parnassius imperator Fight for Bare Rocks but Not the Nectar Flower During Mate Selection?
Authors: Da Xin‐Wei , Zhang Rui , Chen Guo‐Liang , Ren Qing‐Miao , Lin Yi‐Fan , Du Bo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTerritoriality is an important male behavioral trait used in mate selection of butterflies, but the factors determining the outcome of territorial contests remain controversial. We studied the foraging and territorial behaviors of males in the Parnassius imperator butterfly. Adult males were selective about nectar sources, but they did not defend nectar flowers. By contrast, they fought over areas of bare rocks because bare rocks were used as lek locations to attract and court receptive females. The ownership of a lek, rather than sex pheromones or wing pigments, played the key role in attracting females. In an owner replacement experiment, the owner of a territory always defeated intruders, indicating that perching order, not relative body size, determined the outcome of territorial contests. Territories are small areas of bare rocks that lack food resources, so intruders do not challenge the ownership of a resident in a location where they can easily find vacant territories. Males that first perch in a territory have an advantage compared to intruders in that they can forage on flowers in the vicinity of the territory. This may help explain why satiated owners always defeated fatigued intruders. Our findings suggest that early perching on bare rock allows male butterflies of P. imperator to occupy a territory, attract receptive females and exclude later‐arriving competitors.
Validation of a new measure of availability and accommodation of health care that is valid for rural and urban contexts
Authors: Haggerty Jeannie L. , Levesque Jean‐Frédéric 
Published: May 2016

AbstractContextPatients are the most valid source for evaluating the accessibility of services, but a previous study observed differential psychometric performance of instruments in rural and urban respondents.ObjectiveTo validate a measure of organizational accessibility free of differential rural–urban performance that predicts consequences of difficult access for patient‐initiated care.DesignSequential qualitative–quantitative study. Qualitative findings used to adapt or develop evaluative and reporting items. Quantitative validation study.SettingPrimary data by telephone from 750 urban, rural and remote respondents in Quebec, Canada; follow‐up mailed questionnaire to a subset of 316.Main measures and analysesItems were developed for barriers along the care trajectory. We used common factor and confirmatory factor analysis to identify constructs and compare models. We used item response theory analysis to test for differential rural–urban performance; examine individual item performance; adjust response options; and exclude redundant or non‐discriminatory items. We used logistic regression to examine predictive validity of the subscale on access difficulty (outcome).ResultsInitial factor resolution suggested geographic and organizational dimensions, plus consequences of access difficulty. After second administration, organizational accommodation and geographic indicators were integrated into a 6‐item subscale of Effective Availability and Accommodation, which demonstrates good variability and internal consistency (α = 0.84) and no differential functioning by geographic area. Each unit increase predicts decreased likelihood of consequences of access difficulties (unmet need and problem aggravation).ConclusionThe new subscale is a practical, valid and reliable measure for patients to evaluate first‐contact health services accessibility, yielding valid comparisons between urban and rural contexts.
Mental health nurses' experiences of managing work‐related emotions through supervision
Authors: MacLaren Jessica , Stenhouse Rosie , Ritchie Deborah 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore emotion cultures constructed in supervision and consider how supervision functions as an emotionally safe space promoting critical reflection.BackgroundResearch published between 1995–2015 suggests supervision has a positive impact on nurses' emotional well‐being, but there is little understanding of the processes involved in this and how styles of emotion interaction are established in supervision.DesignA narrative approach was used to investigate mental health nurses' understandings and experiences of supervision.MethodsEight semi‐structured interviews were conducted with community mental health nurses in theUKduring 2011. Analysis of audio data used features of speech to identify narrative discourse and illuminate meanings. A topic‐centred analysis of interview narratives explored discourses shared between the participants. This supported the identification of feelingrulesin participants' narratives and the exploration of the emotion context of supervision.FindingsEffective supervision was associated with three feeling rules: safety and reflexivity; staying professional; managing feelings. These feeling rules allowed the expression and exploration of emotions, promoting critical reflection. A contrast was identified between the emotion culture of supervision and the nurses' experience of their workplace cultures as requiring the suppression of difficult emotions. Despite this, contrast supervision functioned as an emotion micro‐culture with its own distinctive feeling rules.ConclusionsThe analytical construct of feeling rules allows us to connect individual emotional experiences to shared normative discourses, highlighting how these shape emotional processes taking place in supervision. This understanding supports an explanation of how supervision may positively influence nurses' emotion management and perhaps reduce burnout.
Breastfeeding beyond infancy: a concept analysis
Authors: Brockway Meredith , Venturato Lorraine 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept of breastfeeding beyond infancy.BackgroundThe World Health Organization and Health Canada recommends breastfeeding is sustained until 2 years old and beyond. However, little is known about breastfeeding a child beyond 12 months old. Breastfeeding beyond infancy is defined as any breastfeeding over the age of 12 months with no parameters placed on who initiates the weaning process.DesignRodger's framework of concept analysis was used to organize and guide data analysis.Data sourcesA historical, systematic search of the literature up until 2014 was conducted using the search terms: breastfeedingORbreast feedingORbreast‐feedingANDsustained, extended, prolonged, long‐term and duration.MethodsLiterature was selected according to whether breastfeeding beyond 12 months old was described or analysed. All study designs and observational, descriptive and opinion papers were included in the initial screenings.ResultsFour characteristics were chosen as essential attributes of breastfeeding beyond infancy: health benefits, maternal profiles, parenting style and experiences. Consequences included stigma and secrecy. Additionally, the role of the nurse in supporting breastfeeding beyond infancy was explored.ConclusionsThe practice of breastfeeding beyond infancy is entrenched in parenting beliefs that serve to address the child's needs by fostering an intimate and attached relationship between the mother and child. Many women conceal their breastfeeding behaviour to protect themselves from unsolicited judgement and comments. Nurses are well‐served to understand, support and promote the practice of breastfeeding beyond infancy to ensure the bio‐psycho‐social health of their clients.
Recommendations for sexual expression management in long‐term care: a qualitative needs assessment
Authors: Syme Maggie L. , Lichtenberg Peter , Moye Jennifer 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsTo conduct a qualitative needs assessment of Directors of Nursing regarding challenges and recommendations for addressing sexual expression and consent.BackgroundSexual expression management among long‐term care residents is a complex issue for nursing home staff. Little guidance is available for those wanting to follow a person‐centred approach. Policies and procedures are needed, and must be usable across long‐term care settings.DesignQualitative design for in‐depth exploration.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 Directors of Nursing in the spring and summer of 2013, representing a range of regions, facility sizes and resident populations. Interview questions prompted them to identify recommendations that address challenges to improving sexual expression management in long‐term care settings.ResultsComparative thematic analysis resulted in several codes, which were grouped into eight overall categories. Recommendation categories that addressed key challenges included: address the issue, make environmental changes, identify staff expertise, provide education and training, assess sexuality initially and recurrently, establish policies/procedures for sexual expression management, develop assessment tools for sexual expression and consent, and clarify legal issues. The recommendation to develop national guidelines was observed across categories.DiscussionDirectors of Nursing report several challenges to sexual expression management in their facilities, and perceive their current methods to be ad hoc. A proactive approach to policy and procedure development is needed.
What role does knowledge quality play in online students’ satisfaction, learning and loyalty? An empirical investigation in an eLearning context
Authors: Waheed M. , Kaur K. , Kumar S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractQuality knowledge has an impact on online students learning outcomes and loyalty. A framework that delineates the perceived eLearning knowledge quality (KQ) and its relationship with learning outcomes and loyalty is currently absent. Grounded in the KQ and information system success framework – this study presents the indicators of perceived eLearning knowledge quality and its influence on students' satisfaction, which further influences their learning outcome and loyalty. In order to validate the eLearning KQ instrument and proposed relationships – data were collected from 348 online undergraduate and postgraduate students. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis validate five dimensions of perceived eLearning KQ – comprising Intrinsic KQ, Contextual KQ, Representational KQ, Accessible KQ and Actionable KQ. Further, the proposed relationships tested using Structural Equation Modelling demonstrated two main findings: (i) significant relationship between KQ and satisfaction – implying that students are gaining quality knowledge from eLearning content and are satisfied with it; (ii) significant relationship between satisfaction – academic performance, learning effectiveness and students' loyalty. This implies that satisfied students perceive better learning outcomes and a higher degree of loyalty towards the eLearning environment. The study contributes a causal model to encompass the distinct relationships between knowledge quality, satisfaction, learning outcomes and loyalty within an eLearning environment. Implications on eLearning delivery are also discussed.Lay DescriptionKnowledge quality contributes to knowledge management system success.Presents the KQ as a multidimensional construct in eLearning context.Delineates the KQ significant relationship with learning outcomes and loyalty.The framework can be utilized to provide quality education at a wider level.