bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A characterization of intermediate‐scale spread F structure from four years of high‐resolution C/NOFS satellite data
Authors: Rino Charles L. , Carrano Charles S. , Groves Keith M. , Roddy Patrick A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPower law spectra have been invoked to interpret equatorial scintillation data for decades. Published analyses of intensity and phase scintillation data typically report power law spectra of the form q−p with 2.4 < p < 2.6. However, in situ rocket and satellite measurements of equatorial spread F have shown evidence of spectra with two power law components. Strong scatter simulations and recent theoretical results have shown that two‐component power law spectra can reconcile simultaneous equatorial scintillation observations from VHF to S‐Band. The Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite Planar Langmuir Probe generated a multiyear high‐resolution sampling of equatorial spread F, but published analyses to date have reported only single‐component power laws over scales from tens of kilometers to 70 m. This paper summarizes the analysis of high‐resolution C/NOFS data collected over the four year period 2011 to 2014. Following an earlier investigation of several months of C/NOFS data by the authors of this paper, the extended data set revealed a pattern of occurrence of two‐component spectra in the most highly disturbed data sets. The results confirm a known inverse correlation between turbulent strength and spectral index. The new results are interpreted as an equatorial spread F life cycle pattern with two‐component spectra in the early development phase giving way to single‐component spectra in the decay phase.
Hazard function analysis for flood planning under nonstationarity
Authors: Read Laura K. , Vogel Richard M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe field of hazard function analysis (HFA) involves a probabilistic assessment of the “time to failure” or “return period,”T, of an event of interest. HFA is used in epidemiology, manufacturing, medicine, actuarial statistics, reliability engineering, economics, and elsewhere. For a stationary process, the probability distribution function (pdf) of the return period always follows an exponential distribution, the same is not true for nonstationary processes. When the process of interest,X, exhibits nonstationary behavior, HFA can provide a complementary approach to risk analysis with analytical tools particularly useful for hydrological applications. After a general introduction to HFA, we describe a new mathematical linkage between the magnitude of the flood event,X, and its return period,T, for nonstationary processes. We derive the probabilistic properties ofTfor a nonstationary one‐parameter exponential model ofX, and then use both Monte‐Carlo simulation and HFA to generalize the behavior ofTwhenXarises from a nonstationary two‐parameter lognormal distribution. For this case, our findings suggest that a two‐parameter Weibull distribution provides a reasonable approximation for the pdf ofT. We document how HFA can provide an alternative approach to characterize the probabilistic properties of both nonstationary flood series and the resulting pdf ofT.
An evidence for prompt electric field disturbance driven by changes in the solar wind density under northward IMF Bz condition
Authors: Rout Diptiranjan , Chakrabarty D. , Sekar R. , Reeves G. D. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Pant Tarun K. , Veenadhari B. , Shiokawa K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBefore the onset of a geomagnetic storm on 22 January 2012 (Ap = 24), an enhancement in solar wind number density from 10/cm3 to 22/cm3 during 0440–0510 UT under northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz) condition is shown to have enhanced the high‐latitude ionospheric convection and also caused variations in the geomagnetic field globally. Conspicuous changes in ΔX are observed not only at longitudinally separated low‐latitude stations over Indian (prenoon), South American (midnight), Japanese (afternoon), Pacific (afternoon) and African (morning) sectors but also at latitudinally separated stations located over high and middle latitudes. The latitudinal variation of the amplitude of the ΔX during 0440–0510 UT is shown to be consistent with the characteristics of prompt penetration electric field disturbances. Most importantly, the density pulse event caused enhancements in the equatorial electrojet strength and the peak height of the F layer (hmF2) over the Indian dip equatorial sector. Further, the concomitant enhancements in electrojet current and F layer movement over the dip equator observed during this space weather event suggest a common driver of prompt electric field disturbance at this time. Such simultaneous variations are found to be absent during magnetically quiet days. In absence of significant change in solar wind velocity and magnetospheric substorm activity, these observations point toward perceptible prompt electric field disturbance over the dip equator driven by the overcompression of the magnetosphere by solar wind density enhancement.
Invigorating ocean boundary current systems around Australia during 1979–2014: As simulated in a near‐global eddy‐resolving ocean model
Authors: Feng Ming , Zhang Xuebin , Oke Peter , Monselesan Didier , Chamberlain Matthew , Matear Richard , Schiller Andreas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOcean boundary currents, transporting water masses and marine biota along the coastlines, are important for regional climate and marine ecosystem functions. In this study, we review the dominant multi‐decadal trends of ocean boundary currents around Australia. Using an eddy‐resolving global ocean circulation model, this study has revealed that the major ocean boundary current systems around Australia, the East Australian Current (EAC), the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), the Leeuwin Current, the South Australian Current and the Flinders Current, have strengthened during 1979–2014, consistent with existing observations. Eddy energetics in the EAC, the ITF/South Equatorial Current in the southeast Indian Ocean, and the Leeuwin Current have also enhanced during the same period. The multi‐decadal strengthening of the ocean boundary current systems are primarily driven by large scale wind patterns associated with the dominant modes of climate variability and change – the phase shift of the Inter‐decadal Pacific Oscillation/Pacific Decadal Oscillation strengthens the ITF and the Leeuwin Current/South Australian Current; and the poleward shift and strengthening of surface winds in the subtropical gyres reinforce the EAC and the Flinders Current. The invigorating ocean boundary current systems have induced extreme oceanographic conditions along the Australian coastlines in recent years, including the poleward shift of marine ecosystems off the east coast of Australia and the consecutive Ningaloo Niño – marine heatwave events off the west coast during 2011–2013. Understanding long‐term trends and decadal variations of the ocean boundary currents is crucial to project future changes of the coastal marine systems under the influence of human‐induced greenhouse gas forcing.
Exploring the impacts of multiple tidal constituents and varying river flow on long‐term, large‐scale estuarine morphodynamics by means of a 1‐D model
Authors: Guo Leicheng , van der Wegen Mick , Wang Zheng Bing , Roelvink Dano , He Qing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTidal asymmetry is an important mechanism generating tidal residual sediment transport (TRST) in tidal environments. So far, it is known that a number of tidal interactions (e.g., M2‐M4 and M2‐O1‐K1) can induce tidal asymmetry and associated TRST; however, their variability and morphodynamic impacts are insufficiently explored. Inspired by the river and tidal forcing conditions in the Yangtze River Estuary, we explore the morphodynamic development of a 560 km long estuary under the boundary forcing conditions of varyingly combined tidal constituents and river discharges using a schematized 1‐D morphodynamic model for long‐term (millennial) simulations. We then employ an analytical scheme which integrates sediment transport as a function of flow velocities to decompose the contribution of different tidal interactions on TRST and to explain how the river and tidal interactions control TRST and associated morphodynamics. Model results display varying equilibrium bed profiles. Analytical results suggest that (1) a series of tidal interactions creates multiple tidal asymmetries and associated TRST, (2) river flow modulates tidal asymmetry nonlinearly in space, and (3) more tidal constituents at the sea boundary persistently enhance the seaward TRST through river‐tide interactions. It is the combined effects of multiple tidal asymmetries and river‐tide interactions that determine the net TRST and consequent morphodynamic development. It thus suggests that tidal harmonics of significant amplitudes need to be considered properly as boundary conditions for long‐term, large‐scale morphodynamic modeling.
Direct N‐Acylation of Sulfoximines with Aldehydes by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis under Oxidative Conditions
Authors: Porey Arka , Santra Surojit , Guin Joyram 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn active acyl donor intermediate generated in situ from an aldehyde by oxidative N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalysis enables direct acylation of NH‐sulfoximine, affording various N‐acylsulfoximines in excellent yields. The reaction was performed with an inexpensive carbene catalyst and easily accessible bisquinone oxidant. This straightforward transformation demonstrated a broad substrate scope with respect to sulfoximines and aldehydes. Importantly, the method allowed amidation of several unactivated aliphatic aldehydes in good‐to‐moderate yields. Preparative synthesis of N‐acylsulfoximine (up to >2 g) was achieved with this simple method.
Synthesis of β‐Ketosulfones by using Sulfonyl Chloride as a Sulfur Source
Authors: Xia Yingya , Chen Xiaolan , Qu Lingbo , Sun Kai , Xia Xiaoyi , Fu Wenkai , Chen Xi , Yang Yongkang , Zhao Yufen , Li Chaojun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot green strategy has been developed for the synthesis of β‐ketosulfones by directly using easily available and inexpensive sulfonyl chlorides as a sulfur source to react with aromatic alkenes in the presence of cheap tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and Et3N in 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE) at 45 °C within 3 h.
Splenic volume in severe sepsis is associated with disease severity and pneumococcal infection
Authors: Koga Yasutaka , Fujita Motoki , Nakahara Takashi , Yagi Takeshi , Miyauchi Takashi , Kaneda Kotaro , Kawamura Yoshikatsu , Oda Yasutaka , Tsuruta Ryosuke 
Published: May 2016

AimA small spleen, which is occasionally found in patients with pneumococcal sepsis, may increase pneumococcal susceptibility because of splenic malfunction. However, a small spleen may also originate from severe disease. We carried out a retrospective study to evaluate the association between splenic volume and severe pneumococcal sepsis or disease severity.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 23 patients with severe pneumococcal sepsis treated at our institution between January 2004 and September 2015 (pneumococcal group) and 61 patients with severe non‐pneumococcal bacteremia treated between April 2011 and September 2015 (control group). Splenic volume measured by abdominal computed tomography on admission was compared between the two groups. Correlations between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores and splenic volume on admission and the change in splenic volume from the non‐septic state to admission were also determined.ResultsSplenic volume on admission was significantly smaller (P = 0.001) and a small spleen was more frequent (P < 0.001) in the pneumococcal group. The APACHE II score was negatively correlated with splenic volume on admission (r = −0.46, P < 0.001) and the change in splenic volume (r = −0.44, P = 0.004). Pneumococcal infection (odds ratio 13.1, 95% confidence interval 2.6–65.7; P = 0.002) and APACHE II score (odds ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1–1.3; P = 0.002) were independently associated with small spleen.ConclusionSplenic volume decreased with increasing severity of severe sepsis. A small spleen was also associated with severe pneumococcal infection.
Controlled Exfoliation of Layered Silicate Heterostructures into Bilayers and Their Conversion into Giant Janus Platelets
Authors: Stöter Matthias , Gödrich Sebastian , Feicht Patrick , Rosenfeldt Sabine , Thurn Herbert , Neubauer Jens W. , Seuss Maximilian , Lindner Peter , Kalo Hussein , Möller Michael , Fery Andreas , Förster Stephan , Papastavrou Georg , Breu Josef 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOrdered heterostructures of layered materials where interlayers with different reactivities strictly alternate in stacks offer predetermined slippage planes that provide a precise route for the preparation of bilayer materials. We use this route for the synthesis of a novel type of reinforced layered silicate bilayer that is 15 % stiffer than the corresponding monolayer. Furthermore, we will demonstrate that triggering cleavage of bilayers by osmotic swelling gives access to a generic toolbox for an asymmetrical modification of the two vis‐à‐vis standing basal planes of monolayers. Only two simple steps applying arbitrary commercial polycations are needed to obtain such Janus‐type monolayers. The generic synthesis route will be applicable to many other layered compounds capable of osmotic swelling, rendering this approach interesting for a variety of materials and applications.
Individual Detection and Electrochemically Assisted Identification of Adsorbed Nanoparticles by Using Surface Plasmon Microscopy
Authors: Nizamov Shavkat , Kasian Olga , Mirsky Vladimir M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe increasing production and application of nanoparticles necessitates a highly sensitive analytical method for the quantification and identification of these potentially hazardous materials. We describe here an application of surface plasmon microscopy for the individual detection of each adsorbed nanoparticle and for visualization of its electrochemical conversion. Whereas the adsorption rate characterizes the number concentration of nanoparticles, the potential at which the adsorbed nanoparticles disappear during an anodic potential sweep characterizes the type of material. All the adsorbed nanoparticles are subjected to the potential sweep simultaneously; nevertheless, each of the up to a million adsorbed nanoparticles is identified individually by its electrochemical dissolution potential. The technique has been tested with silver and copper nanoparticles, but can be extended to many other electrochemically active nanomaterials.
Mixing‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nanostructured ZnAPSO‐34 used in conversion of methanol to light olefins: effect of agitation RPM on catalytic properties and performance
Authors: Yazdani Mohsen , Haghighi Mohammad , Ashkriz Saeid 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNanostructured ZnAPSO‐34 catalyst was synthesized via hydrothermal method, and the effects of mixing rate at different rpms on catalytic properties and performances in methanol to olefins process were comprehensively investigated. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by x‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, particle size distribution (PSD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, energy dispersive x‐ray, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The results of x‐ray diffraction patterns indicated beneficial effects of mixing rates on the crystallinity of the samples. They reflected that by increase of agitation rate, crystallinity of the synthesized catalysts has been considerably improved. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images confirmed effects of agitation rate on the morphology and particle size of the samples. It was found that the sample with higher mixing rate has the most uniform morphology with fine distribution of smaller particles. The outcome of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis revealed remarkable surface area of ZnAPSO‐34 with the highest mixing rate that provides great active phase for the MTO reactions. Catalytic performance tests of synthesized ZnAPSO‐34 at different mixing rates toward methanol to light olefins reaction indicated higher methanol conversion and product selectivity. Considerable lifetime has been recorded for the nanostructured catalyst with the highest mixing rate of 900 rpm. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microcrystalline Zinc Coordination Polymers as Single‐site Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Selective Synthesis of Mono‐oxazolines from Amino Alcohol and Dinitriles
Authors: Wang Junning , Huang Chao , Gao Kuan , Wang Xiaolu , Liu Mengjia , Ma Haoran , Wu Jie , Hou Hongwei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn our effort to develop coordination polymers (CPs)‐based single‐site catalysts for the selective synthesis of mono‐oxazolines, two Zn‐based CPs, [{Zn6(idbt)4(phen)4} ⋅3 H2O]n (1) and [{Zn3(idbt)2(H2O)4}⋅2 H2O]n (2) (H3idbt= 5,5′‐(1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐diyl)‐bis‐(2H‐tetrazole), phen=1,10‐phenanthroline) have been synthesized. They exhibit two‐dimensional structure and contain isolated and accessible catalytically active sites, mimicking the site isolation of many catalytic enzymes. Micro CPs 1 and 2 are obtained by using surfactant‐mediated hydrothermal methods, and an investigation is conducted to explore how different surfactants affect their morphologies and particle sizes. Furthermore, micro 1 and 2 have shown to be effective heterogeneous catalysts for the reaction of amino alcohols and aromatic dinitriles, and exerted a significant influence on the selectivity of the catalytic reactions, yielding mono‐oxazolines as the major reaction product.
Effect of solvents, solvent mixture and silver nanoparticles on photophysical properties of a ketocyanine dye
Authors: Thipperudrappa J. , Deepa H.R. , Raghavendra U.P. , Hanagodimath S.M. , Melavanki R.M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe effect of solvents of varying polarity and hydrogen bonding ability, solvent mixture and silver nanoparticles on the photophysical properties of a ketocyanine dye, 2,5‐di[(E)‐1‐(4‐diethylaminophenyl) methylidine]‐1‐cyclopentanone (2,5‐DEAPMC), is investigated at room temperature. Solvent effect is analyzed using Lippert–Mataga bulk polarity function, Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity parameter, and Kamlet's and Catalan's multiple linear regression approaches. The spectral properties better follow Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity parameter than the Lippert–Mataga bulk polarity function. This indicates that both general and specific solute–solvent interactions are operative. Kamlet's and Catalan's multiple linear regression approaches indicate that polarizability/dipolarity solvent influences are greater than hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor solvent influences. The solvatochromic correlations are used to estimate excited state dipole moment using the experimentally determined ground state dipole moment. The excited state dipole moment of the dye is found to be larger than its corresponding ground state dipole moment and ground and excited state dipole moments are not parallel, but subtend an angle of 77°. The absorption and emission spectra are modulated in the presence silver nanoparticles. The fluorescence of 2,5‐DEAPMC is quenched by silver nanoparticles. The possible fluorescence quenching mechanisms are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatty acid synthase regulates invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer via Wnt signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Haiyu , Xi Qiulei , Wu Guohao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFatty acid synthase (Fasn) is the key metabolic enzyme that accounts for the terminal catalytic step in fatty acid synthesis, which is hyperactivated in various tumors. In this study, we depicted that Fasn expression was elevated in human colorectal cancer (CRC), which accordingly led to lymphatic and distant metastasis and a more advanced clinical phenotype. Genetic perturbations demonstrated that knocking down Fasn inhibited cell migration and invasion both in SW480 and HT29 CRC cell lines. Further mechanical exploration revealed that Fasn knockdown could attenuate Wnt signaling pathway via downregulating distinctive genes, namely Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Fzd2, which at least partly contributed to the decrease in metastasis. Clinical evidence verified a positive correlation between Fasn expression and Wnt signal marker gene expression in a cohort of 43 CRC patients. In conclusion, we shed light on metabolic switches took place during CRC carcinogenesis, among which Fasn is a critical factor and a potential therapeutic target.
Data‐driven detailed hair animation for game characters
Authors: Wu Chenlei , Kanai Takashi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe propose a data‐driven method to realize high‐quality detailed hair animations in interactive applications like games. By devising an error metric method to evaluate hair animation similarities, we take hair features into consideration as much as possible. We also propose a novel database construction algorithm based on Secondary Motion Graph. Our algorithm can improve the efficiency of such graphs to reduce redundant data and also achieves visually smooth connection of two animation clips while taking into consideration their future motions. The costs for the run‐time process using our Secondary Motion Graph are relatively low, allowing real‐time interactive operations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pipelining image compositing in heterogeneous networking environments
Authors: Liu Ning , Zhu Dengming , Wang Zhaoqi , Qin Hong , Zhan Jianfeng , Gao Jinzhu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBecause of intensive inter‐node communications, image compositing has always been a bottleneck in parallel visualization systems. In a heterogeneous networking environment, the variation of link bandwidth and latency adds more uncertainty to the system performance. In this paper, we present a pipelining image compositing algorithm in heterogeneous networking environments, which is able to rearrange the direction of data flow of a compositing pipeline under strict ordering constraint. We introduce a novel directional image compositing operator that specifies not only the color and α channels of the output but also the direction of data flow when performing compositing. Based on this new operator, we thoroughly study the properties of image compositing pipelines in heterogeneous environments. We develop an optimization algorithm that could find the optimal pipeline from an exponentially large searching space in polynomial time. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation on the ns‐3 network simulator. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of our method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dance performance evaluation using hidden Markov models
Authors: Laraba Sohaib , Tilmanne Joëlle 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present in this paper a hidden Markov model‐based system for real‐time gesture recognition and performance evaluation. The system decodes performed gestures and outputs at the end of a recognized gesture, a likelihood value that is transformed into a score. This score is used to evaluate a performance comparing to a reference one. For the learning procedure, a set of relational features has been extracted from high‐precision motion capture system and used to train hidden Markov models. At runtime, a low‐cost sensor (Microsoft Kinect) is used to capture a learner's movements. An intermediate step of model adaptation was hence requested to allow recognizing gestures captured by this low‐cost sensor. We present one application of this gesture evaluation system in the context of traditional dance basics learning. The estimation of the log‐likelihood allows giving a feedback to the learner as a score related to his performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.