bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial discrimination in helping situations depends on the cost of help: A large field experiment in the streets of Paris
Authors: Aranguren Martin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDecades of field experiments show that White Americans are more likely to discriminate against Black Americans when the situation provides a nonracist rationalization for withholding help from a Black target ‐ for instance, when the cost of helping looks unreasonable. However, work on racial discrimination in helping is scarcer outside of the US context. The present experiment extends this line of research to Europe and studies differences in helping asiatique (Asian), blanc (White) and noir (Black) men and women in France. In addition, it assesses to what extent racial discrimination in the probability to provide assistance is moderated by the perceived cost of help. The study rests on a sample of over 4500 independent observations collected through a factorial design that combines 12 testers (equally apportioned in race and gender groups), two social class conditions and four observation sites. Testers asked for directions to pedestrians in front of the traffic lights of a busy road, and pedestrians could provide different forms of help that varied in perceived cost. The analysis indicates that overall asiatique and noir testers receive help less often than their blanc counterparts. It also shows that racial discrimination is stronger when the perceived cost of helping is higher.
Quantifying allergenic proteins using antibody‐based methods or liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry: A review about the influence of food matrix, extraction, and sample preparation
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhang Xing , Shen Yunpeng , Meng Xuanyi , Wu Yong , Tong Ping , Li Xin , Chen Hongbing , Gao Jinyan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurate quantification of allergens in food is crucial for ensuring consumer safety. Pretreatment steps directly affect accuracy and efficiency of allergen quantification. We systematically reviewed the latest advances in pretreatment steps for antibody‐based methods and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) protein quantification methods in food. For antibody‐based methods, the effects induced by food matrix like decreased allergen solubility, epitope masking, and nonspecific binding are of the upmost importance. To mitigate interference from the matrix, effective and proper extraction can be used to obtain the target allergens with a high protein concentration and necessary epitope exposure. Removal of interfering substances, extraction systems (buffers and additives), assistive technologies, and commercial kits were discussed. About LC–MS/MS quantification, the preparation of the target peptides is the crucial step that significantly affects the efficiency and results obtained from the MS detector. The advantages and limitations of each method for pre‐purification, enzymatic digestion, and peptide desalting were compared. Additionally, the application characteristics of microfluidic‐based pretreatment devices were illustrated to improve the convenience and efficiency of quantification. A promising research direction is the targeted development of pretreatment methods for complex food matrices, such as lipid‐based and carbohydrate‐based matrices.
SAFE: Safety of procedural sedation and analgesia administration in the fast‐track area of the emergency department
Authors: Freeman Ned , Doolabh Ammara , Maas Ellie , Cupitt Braden , Shap Aaron , Bertenshaw Claire , Mitchell Gary 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether undertaking procedural sedation in the low‐acuity fast‐track area is safe and effective in improving patient flow.MethodsA retrospective cohort study reviewed patients who underwent procedural sedation in the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Emergency and Trauma Centre between December 2020 and December 2021.ResultsA total of 411 cases were included. Performing sedation in the fast‐track area was not associated with increased complication rates but was associated with reduced time to sedation (difference = 44.24 min, P < 0.001) and length of stay (difference = 60.64 min, P < 0.01).ConclusionThe sedation of patients outside a high‐acuity area is safe and significantly improves patient flow.
Hippocampal rejuvenation by a single intracerebral injection of one‐carbon metabolites in C57BL6 old wild‐type mice
Authors: Antón‐Fernández Alejandro , Cauchola Rocío Peinado , Hernández Félix , Ávila Jesús 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Izpisua‐Belmonte group identified a cocktail of metabolites that promote partial reprogramming in cultured muscle cells. We tested the effect of brain injection of these metabolites in the dentate gyrus of aged wild‐type mice. The dentate gyrus is a brain region essential for memory function and is extremely vulnerable to aging. A single injection of the cocktail containing four compounds (putrescine, glycine, methionine and threonine) partially reversed brain aging phenotypes and epigenetic alterations in age‐associated genes. Our analysis revealed three levels: chromatin methylation, RNA sequencing, and protein expression. Functional studies complemented the previous ones, showing cognitive improvement. In summary, we report the reversal of various age‐associated epigenetic changes, such as the transcription factor Zic4, and several changes related to cellular rejuvenation in the dentate gyrus (DG). These changes include increased expression of the Sox2 protein. Finally, the increases in the survival of newly generated neurons and the levels of the NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B were accompanied by improvements in both short‐term and long‐term memory performance. Based on these results, we propose the use of these metabolites to explore new strategies for the development of potential treatments for age‐related brain diseases.
The association between pasture systems, dung removal and colonization by a local Australian temperate dung beetle assemblage
Authors: Heddle Thomas , Hemmings Zac , Burns Adrienne , Andrew Nigel R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Herbivore dung quality (physical and chemical parameters) varies between animal species and animal diet which is influenced by seasonal fluctuations and farm management practices. Subsequently, this influences the reproductive success of dung beetles. In Australian pasture systems, how the introduced dung beetle assemblage interacts in the field with cattle dung derived from different resources is unknown.
This study quantifies the colonization by dung beetles (abundance, species richness and evenness) and removal of cattle dung derived from three common temperate pasture systems (improved native, forage oat and rye/clover pasture, henceforth dung type) over 24 h for 12 months.
From the three dung types, 13 species of dung beetle were captured. Abundance and species richness were influenced by month and transect, with weak evidence for differences between dung types influencing overall abundance: Onthophagus binodis (49.7%), Aphodius fimetarius (24.4%) and Labarrus lividus (17.1%) were the most abundant species.
Dung removal (organic matter) was influenced by month and dung type, with more dung buried in improved native (23.9 g) and rye/clover (24.7 g) derived dung compared with forage oat (12.3 g) dung. Dung beetle abundance was positively correlated with removal of all dung types, with O. binodis biomass significantly influencing dung removal.
This study showed that diet of bovine animals weakly influences the abundance of a local dung beetle assemblage, warranting further investigation on the influence of other dung types in different regions. Improvements to reporting of pasture species and growth stage is recommended for comparisons between dung derived sources.
Day case laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a review of patient selection factors and identification of potential barriers to same‐day discharge
Authors: Rickward Jamie , Hameed Iman , Ho Simon , Wijeratne Shiran 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundDay‐case laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DCLC) is a useful tool for minimizing hospital admissions and prolonged presurgical wait times in suitable patient cohorts. There have been many international studies to support this finding and an increasing interest has grown in implementation in Australia. This review aims to provide clarity how to best implement this tool in gallbladder disease patient demographic.ObservationsThis literature review evaluates studies on day‐case cholecystectomy procedures, focusing on patient factors, procedural aspects, surgical morbidity, and systemic implications. It explores inclusion and exclusion criteria for day‐case suitability, factors influencing same‐day discharge, reasons for hospital admission, pain management, patient quality of life, patient satisfaction, and cost implications.ConclusionsDCLC, when selected judiciously, is a safe alternative to overnight stay procedures for cholecystectomy with comparable surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction, affirming its viability. Strict patient selection criteria can aid in optimizing the successful implementation procedure, reducing unexpected admissions and readmissions and we have demonstrated useful criteria for guidance in establishing day‐case laparoscopic cholecystectomy protocol at a hospital.
Enhanced Artificial Intelligence Methods for Liver Steatosis Assessment Using Machine Learning and Color Image Processing: Liver Color Project
Authors: Gómez‐Gavara Concepción , Bilbao Itxarone , Piella Gemma , Vazquez‐Corral Javier , Benet‐Cugat Berta , Pando Elizabeth , Molino José Andrés , Salcedo María Teresa , Dalmau Mar , Vidal Laura , Esono Daniel , Cordobés Miguel Ángel , Bilbao Ángela , Prats Josa , Moya Mar , Dopazo Cristina , Mazo Christopher , Caralt Mireia , Hidalgo Ernest , Charco Ramon 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe use of livers with significant steatosis is associated with worse transplantation outcomes. Brain death donor liver acceptance is mostly based on subjective surgeon assessment of liver appearance, since steatotic livers acquire a yellowish tone. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid, robust, accurate, and cost‐effective method to assess liver steatosis.MethodsFrom June 1, 2018, to November 30, 2023, photographs and tru‐cut needle biopsies were taken from adult brain death donor livers at a single university hospital for the study. All the liver photographs were taken by smartphones then color calibrated, segmented, and divided into patches. Color and texture features were then extracted and used as input, and the machine learning method was applied. This is a collaborative project between Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Barcelona MedTech, Pompeu Fabra University, and is referred to as LiverColor.ResultsA total of 192 livers (362 photographs and 7240 patches) were included. When setting a macrosteatosis threshold of 30%, the best results were obtained using the random forest classifier, achieving an AUROC = 0.74, with 85% accuracy.ConclusionMachine learning coupled with liver texture and color analysis of photographs taken with smartphones provides excellent accuracy for determining liver steatosis.
Variable‐weight combined forecasting model with causal analysis and clustering for refined oil sales forecasting
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng , Liu Wenzhi , Yu Lean , Yu Yinsheng , Yi Wanli 
Published: October 2024

AbstractForecasting refined oil sales is essential in energy supply chain management. However, accurate forecasting is limited by several factors, including multiple influences of external features, heterogeneity of different gasoline stations, and difficulty in balancing linear and nonlinear forecasting. To address these issues, we propose a novel variable‐weight combined forecasting model. In the first stage, the model incorporates causal analysis and clustering methods to provide a quantitative description of multiple effects of external features and highly correlated aggregation of homogeneous data. Subsequently, based on the patterns of external feature influences learned from historical data, variable‐weight combined forecasting is realized to balance linear and nonlinear forecasting dynamically. Experiments based on real sales data procured from several regions demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms other benchmark and widely used models in terms of forecasting accuracy and statistical significance. The ablation experimental results confirm the significance of causal analysis, clustering, and variable‐weight combined forecasting in improving the balance between linear and nonlinear forecasting. Moreover, our results indicate that improving the quality of clustering can yield greater benefits than improving the amount of training data. Finally, we also explore whether the forecasting superiority translates into better inventory control, and our results show that the proposed optimization model can effectively balance inventory cost and service level, while also better suppress the bullwhip effect.
Genetic influences, lifestyle and psychosocial aspects in relation to metabolically healthy obesity and conversion to a metabolically unhealthy state
Authors: Ojalehto Lindfors Elsa , De Oliveira Thaís Lopes , Reynolds Chandra A. , Zhan Yiqiang , Dahl Aslan Anna K. , Jylhävä Juulia , Sjölander Arvid , Karlsson Ida K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsAbout 10%–30% of individuals with obesity are metabolically healthy, but the specific characteristics of the metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) phenotype remain unclear. We aimed to examine how physical activity, education, depressive symptoms and genetic predisposition to obesity differ between individuals with MHO and those with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), and whether these factors predict stability in MHO or conversion to a metabolically unhealthy state.Materials and MethodsWe retrieved data on 9809 individuals with obesity from the Health and Retirement Study collected between 2006 and 2016. We compared how physical activity, education, depressive symptoms and a polygenic score for higher body mass index (BMI) (PGSBMI) differed cross‐sectionally between MHO and MUO using logistic regression. We then examined if the same factors predict conversion to a metabolically unhealthy state over 4 years in individuals with MHO.ResultsIndividuals with MHO had higher physical activity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.81), higher education (OR = 0.83) and lower depressive symptoms (OR = 1.14) compared to those with MUO but did not differ in the PGSBMI. The associations were slightly attenuated in mutually adjusted models. None of the factors were associated with conversion from MHO to a metabolically unhealthy state. However, a higher PGSBMI indicated 24% lower risk of conversion to a metabolically unhealthy state (p = 0.07).ConclusionsPhysical activity, education and depressive symptoms differed between MHO and MUO, even when mutually adjusted for, but did not predict conversion from a metabolically healthy to unhealthy state. Although not statistically significant, the results indicated that those with genetically predicted high BMI are more likely to maintain MHO and not convert to a metabolically unhealthy state.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Early‐Stage Basal Cell Carcinomas in Murine Skin Following Topical Treatments With Ablative Fractional Laser and Vismodegib
Authors: Pedersen Kristian Kåber , Hædersdal Merete , Olesen Uffe Høgh , Litman Thomas 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRecent studies have demonstrated that ablative fractional laser (AFL) can inhibit the hedgehog pathway, enhance immune infiltration and clear basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) in murine models. In this study, we applied RNA sequencing to further characterise the impact of AFL on the transcriptome of murine skin containing early‐stage microscopic BCCs, contrasting it with the effects of topical application of the hedgehog inhibitor vismodegib. Our results showed that BCC induction in murine skin was primarily linked to gene upregulation (significantly upregulated genes: 277, significantly downregulated genes: 24). Characterisation of these genes with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that tumour induction was associated with activation of BCC and Sonic Hedgehog signalling. Both AFL and vismodegib treatments reversed these changes, with vismodegib demonstrating superior performance by reversing most of the upregulated genes (AFL: 59/277; vismodegib: 180/277). Surprisingly, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis also revealed that both AFL and vismodegib treatments caused considerable immune cell infiltration. Based on gene set enrichment analysis and cell type deconvolution, AFL treatment resulted in the largest immune cell recruitment, which for both treatments primarily consisted of infiltrating neutrophils, macrophages and monocytes. In conclusion, the distinct effects observed in BCC skin following AFL and vismodegib treatment suggest key differences between the two interventions. Future applications of AFL or vismodegib treatments could leverage their individual effects, for example by combining the effect of AFL on the immune system with other topical treatments.
Tachypnea in response to hypoxemia decreases with age in older patients
Authors: Cuerpo Sandra , Aguiló Sira , Alquézar‐Arbé Aitor , Fernández Cesáreo , Burillo Guillermo , Jacob Javier , Montero‐Pérez Francisco Javier , García‐Lamberechts Eric Jorge , Piñera Pascual , Blázquez Beatriz Escudero , de la Iglesia Cristina Güemes , Quesada Sílvia Flores , Vaswani‐Bulchand Aarati , Rodríguez‐Cabrera Montserrat , Aragüés Paula Lázaro , Díaz‐Guerra María Luisa Pérez , González Francesc Xavier Alemany , Alcaraz Ana Puche , Collado Jésica Mansilla , Torres Gema Jara , Fuentes Lidia , Martos Rocío Muñoz , López Antonio Real , Hernández Rodrigo Javier Gil , García Jorge Pedraza , Trian Esperanza Muñoz , del Castillo Juan González , Miró Òscar ,   the members of the SIESTA network
Published: October 2024

AimTo investigate if tachypneic response to hypoxia is decreased in older patients.MethodsWe included all patients ≥65 years of age attending 52 Spanish emergency departments (EDs) for whom peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SatO2) measured by pulsioxymetry and respiratory rate (RR) were registered at ED arrival. We assessed the relationship between SatO2 and RR in different models, and with the best‐fitting model, we independently analyzed this relationship in four subgroups according to patient age (65–69, 70–79, 80–89, and ≥90 years). Five sensitivity analyses using different subsets of patients were carried out to check for the consistency of the results.ResultsWe included 7126 patients, with medians for SatO2 and RR of 97% (interquartile range [IQR]: 94–98) and 15 bpm (IQR: 15–16), respectively. We found significant associations (P < 0.001) between SatO2 and RR in every model tested (P < 0.001 for all), with the quadratic model obtaining the best fit (R2: 0.098) over those obtained with linear (R2: 0.096) and logarithmic (R2: 0.092) models. The same was observed in sensitivity analyses, with R2 for quadratic models ranging from 0.069 in patients with low comorbidity and 0.102 in patients breathing room air. The mean RR for 100% SatO2 was 15 bpm and increased as SatO2 decreased, although with a progressive slowing of the slope, with a mean RR of 27 at 50% SatO2. We detected a decreased RR response to increasing hypoxemia according to age and, while the RR curve was higher and with a progressively steepening slope in the 972 patients aged 65–69 (mean RR of 42 bpm with 50% SatO2), a progressive slowing of slope was observed in the 2693 patients aged 70–79 (mean RR of 28 with 50% SatO2), the 2582 aged 80–89 (mean RR of 25) and the 879 aged ≥90 (mean RR of 23). Sensitivity analyses provided very similar results.ConclusionTachypneic response to hypoxemia in older patients decreases as age advances, regardless of the reason leading to hypoxemia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1120–1129.
Developing a foundation information and academic skills programme for potential Student Nursing Associates
Authors: Trinca Catherine , George Chloe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article outlines the development of ‘Prepare to Progress’, a preapplication programme for potential Student Nursing Associate (SNA) applicants at Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Created collaboratively by the Trust's Library and Knowledge Services and Professional Education teams, the programme aims to provide realistic course expectations, teach study skills and boost confidence in using library services. Evaluation results indicate increased understanding of the SNA course, improved application decision‐making, and enhanced academic confidence among participants. The programme demonstrates the valuable role of library services in preparing healthcare support workers for further education and addressing library anxiety. The study suggests benefits for both participants and library services.
Turmeric supplement‐associated hepatitis: a clinicopathological series of 11 cases highlighting pan‐lobular and zone 3 injury
Authors: Papke David J , Viveiros Kathleen , Zota Victor , Gill Ryan M , González Iván A , Misdraji Joseph , Patil Deepa T 
Published: October 2024

AimsAlthough turmeric is commonly ingested and well tolerated, there is increasing evidence that over‐the‐counter turmeric supplements can cause drug‐induced liver injury. We sought to thoroughly characterise clinicopathological features of patients for whom liver injury was attributed clinically to turmeric supplements.Methods and resultsWe identified 11 patients via retrospective pathology archive review: 10 females (91%) and one male, with a median age of 58 years (range = 37–66 years). Six patients (55%) were asymptomatic with abnormal liver function tests, while five patients (45%) presented with malaise and/or jaundice. Ten patients (91%) showed predominant transaminase abnormalities, while one exhibited predominant alkaline phosphatase elevation. Histologically, biopsies showed acute hepatitis (eight cases, 73%, including five pan‐lobular and three zone 3‐predominant inflammation), scattered lobular aggregates of histiocytes (two; 18%) and a chronic hepatitis pattern of injury (one; 9%). Mild bile duct injury was present in five biopsies (45%). All patients stopped ingesting turmeric supplements after presenting with liver injury, and four patients additionally received steroid therapy; liver function tests normalised in all patients. Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method (RUCAM) analysis estimated the likelihood of turmeric supplement‐associated liver injury to be probable (eight cases) and possible (three).ConclusionsHistological features in the ‘possible’ cases were consistent with drug‐induced injury, highlighting the added benefit of histological analysis relative to RUCAM analysis isolation. This study underscores the need to obtain a full history of over‐the‐counter medications and supplements when investigating aetiologies for liver injury, including supplements purportedly containing innocuous compounds such as turmeric.