bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating tumour cells as a potential screening tool for lung cancer (the AIR study): protocol of a prospective multicentre cohort study in France
Authors: Leroy Sylvie , Benzaquen Jonathan , Mazzetta Andrea , Marchand-Adam Sylvain , Padovani Bernard , Israel-Biet Dominique , Pison Christophe , Chanez Pascal , Cadranel Jacques , Mazières Julien , Jounieaux Vincent , Cohen Charlotte , Hofman Véronique , Ilie Marius , Hofman Paul , Marquette Charles Hugo 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionLung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of death from cancer. Early diagnosis of LC is of paramount importance in terms of prognosis. The health authorities of most countries do not accept screening programmes based on low-dose chest CT (LDCT), especially in Europe, because they are flawed by a high rate of false-positive results, leading to a large number of invasive diagnostic procedures. These authorities advocated further research, including companion biological tests that could enhance the effectiveness of LC screening. The present project aims to validate early diagnosis of LC by detection and characterisation of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in a peripheral blood sample taken from a prospective cohort of persons at high-risk of LC.Methods and analysisThe AIR Project is a prospective, multicentre, double-blinded, cohort study conducted by a consortium of 21 French university centres. The primary objective is to determine the operational values of CTCs for the early detection of LC in a cohort of asymptomatic participants at high risk for LC, that is, smokers and ex-smokers (≥30 pack-years, quitted ≤15 years), aged ≥55 years, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study participants will undergo yearly screening rounds for 3 years plus a 1-year follow-up. Each round will include LDCT plus peripheral blood sampling for CTC detection. Assuming 5% prevalence of LC in the studied population and a 10% dropout rate, a total of at least 600 volunteers will be enrolled.Ethics and disseminationThe study sponsor is the University Hospital of Nice. The study was approved for France by the ethical committee CPP Sud-Méditerranée V and the ANSM (Ministry of Health) in July 2015. The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and national and international conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT02500693.
Our Health Counts Toronto: using respondent-driven sampling to unmask census undercounts of an urban indigenous population in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Rotondi Michael A , O’Campo Patricia , O’Brien Kristen , Firestone Michelle , Wolfe Sara H , Bourgeois Cheryllee , Smylie Janet K 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo provide evidence of the magnitude of census undercounts of ‘hard-to-reach’ subpopulations and to improve estimation of the size of the urban indigenous population in Toronto, Canada, using respondent-driven sampling (RDS).DesignRespondent-driven sampling.SettingThe study took place in the urban indigenous community in Toronto, Canada. Three locations within the city were used to recruit study participants.Participants908 adult participants (15+) who self-identified as indigenous (First Nation, Inuit or Métis) and lived in the city of Toronto. Study participants were generally young with over 60% of indigenous adults under the age of 45 years. Household income was low with approximately two-thirds of the sample living in households which earned less than $C20 000 last year.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe collected baseline data on demographic characteristics, including indigenous identity, age, gender, income, household type and household size. Our primary outcome asked: ‘Did you complete the 2011 Census Canada questionnaire?’ResultsUsing RDS and our large-scale survey of the urban indigenous population in Toronto, Canada, we have shown that the most recent Canadian census underestimated the size of the indigenous population in Toronto by a factor of 2 to 4. Specifically, under conservative assumptions, there are approximately 55 000 (95% CI 45 000 to 73 000) indigenous people living in Toronto, at least double the current estimate of 19 270.ConclusionsOur indigenous enumeration methods, including RDS and census completion information will have broad impacts across governmental and health policy, potentially improving healthcare access for this community. These novel applications of RDS may be relevant for the enumeration of other ‘hard-to-reach’ populations, such as illegal immigrants or homeless individuals in Canada and beyond.
Association of socioeconomic status with outcomes in older adult community-dwelling patients after visiting the emergency department: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wachelder Joyce J H , van Drunen Isabelle , Stassen Patricia M , Brouns Steffie H A , Lambooij Suze L E , Aarts Mieke J , Haak Harm R 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesOlder adults frequently visit the emergency department (ED). Socioeconomic status (SES) has an important impact on health and ED utilisation; however, the association between SES and ED utilisation in elderly remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SES in older adult patients visiting the ED on outcomes.DesignA retrospective study.ParticipantsOlder adults (≥65 years) visiting the ED, in the Netherlands. SES was stratified into tertiles based on average household income at zip code level: low (<€1800/month), intermediate (€1800–€2300/month) and high (>€2300/month).Primary outcomesHospitalisation, inhospital mortality and 30-day ED return visits. Effect of SES on outcomes for all groups were assessed by logistic regression and adjusted for confounders.ResultsIn total, 4828 older adults visited the ED during the study period. Low SES was associated with a higher risk of hospitalisation among community-dwelling patients compared with high SES (adjusted OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7). This association was not present for intermediate SES (adjusted OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.4). Inhospital mortality was comparable between the low and high SES group, even after adjustment for age, comorbidity and triage level (low OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.8 to 2.6, intermediate OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.8 to 2.2). Thirty-day ED revisits among community-dwelling patients were also equal between the SES groups (low: adjusted OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.4, and intermediate: adjusted OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.1).ConclusionIn older adult ED patients, low SES was associated with a higher risk of hospitalisation than high SES. However, SES had no impact on inhospital mortality and 30-day ED revisits after adjustment for confounders.
Neck movement but not neck position modulates skin sympathetic nerve activity supplying the lower limbs of humans
Authors: Bolton Philip S. , Hammam Elie , Macefield Vaughan G. 
Published: December 2017

We previously showed that dynamic, but not static, neck displacement modulates muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to lower limbs of humans. However, it is not known whether dynamic neck displacement modulates skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA). Tungsten microelectrodes inserted into the common peroneal nerve were used to record SSNA in 5 female and 4 male subjects lying supine on a table that fixed their head in space but allowed trapezoidal ramp (8.1 ± 1.2°/s) and hold (17.5° for 53 s) or sinusoidal (35° peak to peak at 0.33–0.46 Hz) horizontal displacement of the body about the head. SSNA recordings were made before, during, and after trapezoidal and sinusoidal displacements of the body. Spike frequency analysis of trapezoidal displacements and cross-correlation analysis during sinusoidal displacements revealed that SSNA was not changed by trapezoid body-only displacement but was cyclically modulated during sinusoidal angular displacements (median, 95% CI: 27.9%, 19.6–48.0%). The magnitude of this modulation was not statistically ( P > 0.05) different from that of cardiac and respiratory modulation at rest (47.1%, 18.7–56.3% and 48.6%, 28.4–59.3%, respectively) or during sinusoidal displacement (10.3%, 6.2–32.1% and 26.9%, 13.6–43.3%, respectively). Respiratory frequency was entrained above its resting rate (0.26 Hz, 0.2–0.29 Hz) during sinusoidal neck displacement; there was no significant difference ( P > 0.05) between respiratory frequency (0.38 Hz, 0.25–0.49 Hz) and sinusoidal displacement frequency (0.39 Hz, 0.35–0.42 Hz). This study provides evidence that SSNA is modulated during neck movement, raising the possibility that neck mechanoreceptors may contribute to the cutaneous vasoconstriction and sweat release associated with motion sickness. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that dynamic, but not static, stretching of the neck modulates skin sympathetic nerve activity in the lower limbs.
Response adaptation in the barn owl’s auditory space map
Authors: Ferger Roland , Pawlowsky Kerstin , Singheiser Martin , Wagner Hermann 
Published: December 2017

Response adaptation is the change of the firing rate of neurons induced by a preceding stimulus. It can be found in many sensory systems and throughout the auditory pathway. We investigated response adaptation in the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICX) of barn owls ( Tyto furcata), a nocturnal bird of prey and specialist in sound localization. Individual neurons in the ICX represent locations in auditory space by maximally responding to combinations of interaural time and level differences (ITD and ILD). Neuronal responses were recorded extracellularly under ketamine-diazepam anesthesia. Response adaptation was observed in three double stimulation paradigms. In two paradigms, the same binaural parameters for both stimuli were chosen. A variation of the level of the second stimulus yielded a level increase sufficient to compensate for adaptation around 5 dB. Introducing a silent interstimulus interval (ISI) resulted in recovery from adaptation. The time course of recovery was followed by varying the ISI, and full recovery was found after an ISI of 50 ms. In a third paradigm, the ITD of the second stimulus was varied to investigate the representation of ITD under adaptive conditions. We found that adaptation led to an increased precision and improved selectivity while the best ITD was stable. These changes of representation remained for longer ISIs than were needed to recover from response adaptation at the best ITD. Stimuli with non-best ITDs could also induce similar adaptive effects if the neurons responded to these ITDs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate and characterize response adaptation in neurons of the auditory space map in the barn owl’s midbrain with acoustic double-stimulation paradigms. An increase of the second level by 5 dB compensated for the observed adaptive effect. Recovery from adaptation was faster than in upstream nuclei of the auditory pathway. Our results also show that response adaptation might improve precision and selectivity in the representation of interaural time difference.
Neural correlate of auditory spatial attention allocation in the superior colliculus
Authors: Rajala Abigail Z. , Jenison Rick L. , Populin Luis C. 
Published: December 2017

This study is the physiological complement to previous behavioral work that demonstrated that rhesus monkeys are able to allocate attention about the surrounding space based on brief, broadband auditory cues. Single-unit recordings were taken from the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (iSC) while the subjects oriented to visual and auditory targets in the context of a cuing task with their heads unrestrained. The results show a correlation between behavioral manifestations of attention allocation, attention capture and inhibition of return, and modulation of target-evoked responses in single iSC neurons. NEW & NOTEWORTHY These results show for the first time a neural correlate of attention capture and inhibition of return in response to auditory stimuli in the superior colliculus of the head-unrestrained monkey.
A KDM5 Inhibitor Increases Global H3K4 Trimethylation Occupancy and Enhances the Biological Efficacy of 5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine
Authors: Leadem Benjamin R. , Kagiampakis Ioannis , Wilson Catherine , Cheung Tommy K. , Arnott David , Trojer Patrick , Classon Marie , Easwaran Hariharan , Baylin Stephen B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The H3K4 demethylase KDM5B is amplified and overexpressed in luminal breast cancer, suggesting it might constitute a potential cancer therapy target. Here, we characterize, in breast cancer cells, the molecular effects of a recently developed small-molecule inhibitor of the KDM5 family of proteins (KDM5i), either alone or in combination with the DNA-demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC). KDM5i treatment alone increased expression of a small number of genes, whereas combined treatment with DAC enhanced the effects of the latter for increasing expression of hundreds of DAC-responsive genes. ChIP-seq studies revealed that KDM5i resulted in the broadening of existing H3K4me3 peaks. Furthermore, cells treated with the drug combination exhibited increased promoter and gene body H3K4me3 occupancy at DAC-responsive genes compared with DAC alone. Importantly, treatment with either DAC or DAC+KDM5i induced a dramatic increase in H3K27ac at enhancers with an associated significant increase in target gene expression, suggesting a previously unappreciated effect of DAC on transcriptional regulation. KDM5i synergized with DAC to reduce the viability of luminal breast cancer cells in in vitro assays. Our study provides the first look into the molecular effects of a novel KDM5i compound and suggests that combinatorial inhibition along with DAC represents a new area to explore in translational epigenetics.
Significance: This study offers a first look into the molecular effects of a novel KDM5 inhibitory compound, suggesting how its use in combination with DNA methylation inhibitors presents new opportunities to explore in translational cancer epigenetics. Cancer Res; 78(5); 1127–39. ©2017 AACR.
Inflammasome Adaptor ASC Suppresses Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells by an IL18-Mediated Inflammation-Independent Mechanism
Authors: Deswaerte Virginie , Nguyen Paul , West Alison , Browning Alison F. , Yu Liang , Ruwanpura Saleela M. , Balic Jesse , Livis Thaleia , Girard Charlotte , Preaudet Adele , Oshima Hiroko , Fung Ka Yee , Tye Hazel , Najdovska Meri , Ernst Matthias , Oshima Masanobu , Gabay Cem , Putoczki Tracy , Jenkins Brendan J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInflammasomes are key regulators of innate immunity in chronic inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases, but their role in inflammation-associated tumorigenesis remains ill-defined. Here we reveal a protumorigenic role in gastric cancer for the key inflammasome adaptor apoptosis-related speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and its effector cytokine IL18. Genetic ablation of ASC in the gp130F/F spontaneous mouse model of intestinal-type gastric cancer suppressed tumorigenesis by augmenting caspase-8-like apoptosis in the gastric epithelium, independently from effects on myeloid cells and mucosal inflammation. This phenotype was characterized by reduced activation of caspase-1 and NF-κB activation and reduced expression of mature IL18, but not IL1β, in gastric tumors. Genetic ablation of IL18 in the same model also suppressed gastric tumorigenesis, whereas blockade of IL1β and IL1α activity upon genetic ablation of the IL1 receptor had no effect. The specific protumorigenic role for IL18 was associated with high IL18 gene expression in the gastric tumor epithelium compared with IL1β, which was preferentially expressed in immune cells. Supporting an epithelial-specific role for IL18, we found it to be highly secreted from human gastric cancer cell lines. Moreover, IL18 blockade either by a neutralizing anti-IL18 antibody or by CRISPR/Cas9-driven deletion of ASC augmented apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. In clinical specimens of human gastric cancer tumors, we observed a significant positive correlation between elevated mature IL18 protein and ASC mRNA levels. Collectively, our findings reveal the ASC/IL18 signaling axis as a candidate therapeutic target in gastric cancer.Significance: Inflammasome activation that elevates IL18 helps drive gastric cancer by protecting cancer cells against apoptosis, with potential implications for new therapeutic strategies in this setting. Cancer Res; 78(5); 1293–307. ©2017 AACR.
<b>Additions to the sea snail fauna (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) of Lakshadweep Islands, India</b>
Authors: Chandran B.K. Sneha , Ravinesh R. , Kumar A. Biju 
Published: December 2017

Among the 373 species of opisthobranchs reported from India, 92 are from Lakshadweep. This paper documents 11 species of opisthobranch fauna from Lakshadweep Islands, classified under the families Haminoeidae, Colpodaspididae, Volvatellidae, Dendrodorididae, Chromodorididae, Goniodorididae, Embletoniidae, and Tergipedidae, of which five are new records to India. Goniobranchus rufomaculatus and Volvatella ventricosa are reported for the first time from the western Indian Ocean.
<b>New distribution records of Elegant Water Shrew <I>Nectogale elegans</I> Milne-Edwards, 1870 (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) from the western Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India</b>
Authors: Sharma Aashna , Rajput Vandana , Dubey Vineet K. , Dhanda Aavika , Thakur Shagun , Johnson J. A. , Sathyakumar S. , Sivakumar K. 
Published: December 2017

Of the 13 known species of water shrews in the world, two water shrews are known from India, the Elegant Water Shrew Nectogale elegans and Himalayan Water Shrew Chimmarogale himalayica. Of these, the Elegant Water Shrew was earlier reported only from streams of north Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh, India. During the period 2014–2016, the Elegant Water Shrews were sighted at three different locations in Uttarakhand State in the western Himalayan region. The present records are evidence for the broader range of distribution of Nectogale elegans in India indicating that the species is more widely distributed than previously thought. We present the details of sightings, habitats and behavior of shrews that were recorded during our study on impact of climate change on the aquatic ecosystem of the Himalaya.
<b>A new species of zygaenid moth <I>Elcysma ziroensis</I> (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Chalcosiinae) from India<b?
Authors: Chada Punyo , Gogoi Monsoon Jyoti , Young James John 
Published: December 2017

Elcysma, a small genus of zygaenid moths occurring in Nagaland, western China and Japan is recorded from Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India for the first time. The other known species from northeastern India is E. dohertyi, so far known only from Nagaland by a single specimen collected by W. Doherty in 1889. A new species, E. ziroensis is hereby described. The other species of the genus is white in colour with prominent black veins whereas the new species has very broad black stripes along both sides of the veins taking over the white background on forewing and brown background on hindwing, making the moth look entirely blackish in colour. The new species also has the orange patch restricted to the upper base of forewing, whereas the other species of the genus has orange patch in whole of base of the forewing. The shape of the wing resembles that of E. dohertyi in being narrower forewing and hind wing. The wing venations is, however, markedly different from all other Elcysma species having five radius veins with three posterior radius sectors branching out to the apical area in forewing. The species also shows mimetic assemblage with B. lidderdalii which also flies together at the same locality.
<b>Status of conflict mitigation measures in Nilambur, Western Ghats of Kerala, India</b>
Authors: Rohini C. K. , Aravindan T. , Das K.S. Anoop , Vinayan P. A. 
Published: December 2017

Mitigation measures are one of the best strategies for the management of human-elephant conflict. An assessment of the effectiveness of existing crop protection methods in 17 forest fringe villages of Karulai and Vazhikadavu ranges of Nilambur South and North Forest Divisions was carried out during June 2015 to May 2016. Mitigation methods found in the study area include electric fences (EF), combined electric fence and trench (EPT+EF), and elephant-proof stone wall (EPSW). Barriers were surveyed by foot and mapped with the help of global positioning systems (GPS). Number of elephant crossing points per kilometre along the length of the barrier was highest for EPT+EF and least for EF. About 86% of the barrier surveyed was located at an average distance of 14.47m from the villages and 13.63% of the barrier located at an average distance of 55.33m from the village. Damage caused by elephants to EF was primarily due to lack of maintenance of the fences. In EPT+EF, natural weak spots and gateways created for the passage of people and cattle were the main locations of elephant crossing points. Damage to the EPSW was caused by elephants by breaking the top portion of the wall. Areas outside damaged spots primarily contained agricultural land, water bodies and forests, with human habitations being least likely. Crossing points were located primarily in moderate vegetation zones. Encouraging local communities to take a primary role in the maintenance of barriers is essential in this context. Information on the current status of mitigation measures will help to improve the efficiency of barriers and facilitate better management of human-elephant conflicts.
<b>Notes on the taxonomy and distribution of two endemic and threatened dipterocarp trees from the Western Ghats of Kerala, India</b>
Authors: Sanil M. S. , Sreekumar V.B. , Sreejith K. A. , Robi A. J. , Nirmesh T. K. 
Published: December 2017

Hopea glabra Wight & Arn. and Hopea utilis (Bedd.) Bole are two little-known highly threatened endemic dipterocarps distributed in evergreen forests of the Western Ghats. Although literature surveys and herbarium records show occurrence of these species in different forest areas of Kerala, the present study could locate Hopea glabra from the Silent Valley National Park and Hopea utilis from Shankili forests in Kulathupuza range, enabling the portrayal of current distribution, basic ecology covering phenology, species association, regeneration and conservation status along with taxonomic notes.
<b>An interview-based survey to determine the conservation status of Softshell Turtles (Reptilia: Trionychidae) in the Irrawaddy Dolphin Protected Area, Myanmar</b>
Authors: Platt Steven G. , Lwin Tint , Win Naing , Aung Htay Lin , Platt Kalyar , Rainwater Thomas R. 
Published: December 2017

We conducted an interview-based survey to investigate the conservation status of large (adult carapace length >400mm) Softshell Turtles (Amyda ornata, Chitra vandijki, and Nilssonia formosa) in the Irrawaddy Dolphin Protected Area (IDPA) of Myanmar during November 2015. Our objectives were to: (1) determine which species of Softshell Turtles occur in IDPA, (2) assess threats to these populations, (3) evaluate the protected area as a release site for captive-bred Softshell Turtles, and (4) make conservation recommendations. To this end, we interviewed 180 people (mostly males) in 30 villages and verified the occurrence of all three species of Softshell Turtles in IDPA. Softshell Turtle populations appear to have undergone precipitous declines during the last 10–15 years largely driven by commercial demand from the illegal trans-boundary wildlife trade with China. Turtle hunting is no longer considered economically worthwhile, but Softshell Turtles continue to be taken as fisheries by-catch. We recommend that existing regulations designed to protect dolphins be enforced, and most importantly electro-fishing be eliminated from IDPA. We also urge authorities to revisit earlier proposals to reduce or eliminate the use of monofilament gill netting in IDPA. Implementation of a community-based fisheries plan to address these issues is warranted. In lieu of effective action, Softshell Turtle populations in IDPA face almost certain extirpation in the near future. IDPA is currently considered unsuitable as a release site for captive-bred Softshell Turtles.