bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actigraphic sleep fragmentation, efficiency and duration associate with dietary intake in the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Dashti Hassan S. , Zuurbier Lisette A. , de Jonge Ester , Voortman Trudy , Jacques Paul F. , Lamon‐Fava Stefania , Scheer Frank A. J. L. , Kiefte‐De Jong Jessica C. , Hofman Albert , Ordovás José M. , Franco Oscar H. , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: February 2016

SummaryShort self‐reported sleep duration is associated with dietary intake and this association may partly mediate the link between short sleep and metabolic abnormalities. Subjective sleep measures, however, may be inaccurate and biased. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between actigraphic measures of sleep fragmentation, efficiency and duration and energy and macronutrient intakes. We used data from a subgroup of 439 participants of the population‐based cohort, Rotterdam Study. Sleep was assessed using 7‐day actigraphy and sleep diaries, and dietary data with a validated food frequency questionnaire. We assessed the associations of actigraphic sleep parameters with dietary intake using multivariable linear regression models. Higher sleep fragmentation was associated with 4.19 g lower carbohydrate intake per standard deviation of fragmentation {β [95% confidence interval (CI) = −4.19 (−8.0, −0.3)]; P = 0.03}. Each additional percentage increase in sleep efficiency was associated with 11.1 kcal lower energy intake [β (95% CI) = −11.1 (−20.6, −1.7); P = 0.02]. Furthermore, very short sleep duration (<5.5 h) was associated with 218.1 kcal higher energy intake [β (95% CI = 218.06 (33.3, 402.8), P = 0.02], relative to the reference group (≥6.5 to <7.5 h). We observed associations between higher sleep fragmentation with lower carbohydrate intake, and both lower sleep efficiency and very short sleep duration (<5 h) with higher energy intake. The association between sleep and higher energy intake could mediate, in part, the link between short sleep or sleep fragmentation index and metabolic abnormalities.
The Hepatitis C virus treatment cascade at an urban postincarceration transitions clinic
Authors: Hawks L. , Norton B. L. , Cunningham C. O. , Fox A. D. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryTransitions clinics, which provide medical care to individuals who have been released from incarceration, reach a population at high risk for hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. We used the HCV treatment cascade to describe HCV care at an urban postincarceration transitions clinic, identifying gaps in care and determining reasons for lapses in care. In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed electronic health records for all formerly incarcerated individuals receiving care at the Bronx Transitions Clinic. HCV treatment cascade measures included the following: detection of HCV antibodies, confirmation of chronic infection, specialist referral, specialist evaluation, initiation of treatment, completion of treatment and achievement of SVR. We recorded reasons for lapses in care. Of 451 patients accessing care, 317 (70%) were screened for HCV antibodies, and 106 (33%) tested positive. Of the 106 antibody‐positive patients, 93 (88%) were evaluated for HCV viremia and 84 (79%) were confirmed to have chronic HCV infection; 19% of the total sample had chronic HCV infection. Of these 84 with chronic HCV, 48 (57%) received specialist referral, 30 (36%) were evaluated, 8 (10%) initiated treatment, and 5 (6%) completed treatment and achieved SVR. Some treatment lapses occurred because patients were deemed unstable for treatment (12%) or were re‐incarcerated (5%). Chronic HCV infection was common among transitions clinic patients. Few were treated and cured. Patients lost contact with providers before consideration for antiviral therapy. Referral to specialty providers was a gap in care. Increasing HCV treatment in this population will likely require intensive delivery models.
Eucalyptus forest shows low structural resistance and resilience to climate change‐type drought
Authors: Matusick George , Ruthrof Katinka X. , Fontaine Joseph B. , Hardy Giles E. St. J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractQuestionsClimate change‐type drought (the combination of drought and heatwave) has become a widely documented driver of forest dieback yet, to date, limited measurement of post‐event forest dynamics has been reported. Can climate change‐type drought trigger structural and/or compositional changes in a forest type which is usually highly resilient to other disturbances?LocationMixed Eucalyptus forest in southwestern Australia.MethodsForest areas that were severely and minimally affected by drought were measured repeatedly at 3, 6, 16, 26 and 49 mo post‐event for changes in forest structure and composition of the two dominant tree species (Eucalyptus marginata/ Corymbia calophylla). Means and dispersal from pre‐drought conditions were analysed for each structural variable among drought severity classes and between measurement periods. Resprouting, the predominant resilience mechanism in Eucalyptus, was assessed at 6 and 16 mo, while regeneration type and density were determined at 16 mo post‐drought.ResultsStructural changes were observed after 49 mo on plots severely but not minimally affected by drought, including a 30% increase in stem density (P < 0.0001) and reduction in tree diameter (23%; P < 0.01), basal area (33%; P < 0.0001), canopy height (40%; P < 0.0001) and live biomass (36%; P = 0.01). On severely affected plots, all structural variables plateaued at levels different from pre‐drought conditions. Large, old trees on severely affected plots were replaced by high densities of small stems (1–10 cm DBH). Resprouting among drought affected trees (P < 0.001) and tree regeneration (P = 0.02) were higher on severely affected plots. No significant shifts in the proportional abundance of the two dominant species, E. marginata and C. calophylla, were observed for structural attributes or regeneration after 49 mo.ConclusionClimate change‐type drought can cause structural shifts in a resprouting mediterranean‐type forest, providing evidence for a shift to an alternate state, particularly with repeated disturbance. While the study area showed low structural resistance and resilience, tree species composition was resilient to change, as E. marginata is likely to remain dominant in the future due to its resprouting capacity. Findings support the view that climate change‐type drought will drive replacement of large trees with short, multi‐stemmed individuals, transforming ecosystem structure.
The Yellow Book: Reshaping theFin de Siècle
Authors: Marcovitch Heather 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe literary and art journal The Yellow Book (1894‐1897) debuted to notoriety and in the ensuing decades has been one of the iconic publications of the 1890s aestheticism and decadence. This paper traces the critical history of The Yellow Book as a publication exemplifying the transition from Victorianism to modernism with an emphasis on the critical reception of its literature.
Diversifying Shakespeare
Authors: Espinosa Ruben 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCritical race studies in Shakespeare have generated a vital body of scholarship that affords us deeper insight both to racial formations in early modern England and to the way contemporary understandings of racial difference infuse Shakespeare with a culturally relevant currency. However, critical race studies remain relatively marginalized within the broader field of Shakespeare studies. This essay reviews and underscores the scholarship that has kindled an important conversation about race in Shakespeare in an attempt to bring it to the fore, and it draws attention to the promise behind ethnic studies—with particular attention to Latino and Latina identity—within the field of Shakespeare studies. Scholarship that emphasizes the role of race, language, cultural identity, assimilation, and immigration in early modern literature and culture is making an impact on ethnic studies in Shakespeare, but ample room remains for us to diversify our field. This essay ultimately calls for Shakespeare and early modern scholars to encourage future research and pedagogical practices where the diversification of Shakespeare studies, and the Shakespeare academy, can materialize.
Alternative Victorian Religion and the Recuperation of Women's Voices
Authors: Houston Gail Turley 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWhat is Victorian “religion” and how might we define the “alternative” in “alternative religions” of this time period? Dealing with these questions affirms why analyzing so‐called peripheral religions in the Victorian period is necessary to understanding the Victorian cultural landscape. “Alternate” may refer to the proliferation of non‐mainstream forms of belief; the concept that change and difference are inherent to the very structures mainstream of Victorian religions; the range of methods and theories needed to study Victorian belief properly; and the disparate perspectives such studies make available to our engagements with Victorian literature and culture. Recent feminist recuperations of female writers and their alternate understandings, voices, and critique provide enriched readings of Victorian faith. These voices may become available through strong “critical empathy,” belief, and alternative research methodologies.
Shakespeare and Dance
Authors: McCulloch Lynsey 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAlan Brissenden'sShakespeare and the Danceis the only full‐length scholarly analysis of dance and dancing within Shakespeare's play texts. Despite considerable growth in interdisciplinary and intermedial studies – and the development of dance studies as an academic field of study – Shakespeare's employment of dance and the reimagining of his writing as dance works remain neglected as subjects for research. In recent years, however, a multidisciplinary community of scholars has, in collaboration with dance practitioners, developed the study of Shakespeare and dance from its disparate past and provided an important focus for discussion of the relationship between text and movement. This article examines the critical history of Shakespeare and dance, surveys key developments in the field and considers future directions for this diverse area of study.
Genome, transcriptome and methylome sequencing of a primitively eusocial wasp reveal a greatly reduced DNA methylation system in a social insect
Authors: Standage Daniel S. , Berens Ali J. , Glastad Karl M. , Severin Andrew J. , Brendel Volker P. , Toth Amy L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractComparative genomics of social insects has been intensely pursued in recent years with the goal of providing insights into the evolution of social behaviour and its underlying genomic and epigenomic basis. However, the comparative approach has been hampered by a paucity of data on some of the most informative social forms (e.g. incipiently and primitively social) and taxa (especially members of the wasp family Vespidae) for studying social evolution. Here, we provide a draft genome of the primitively eusocial model insect Polistes dominula, accompanied by analysis of caste‐related transcriptome and methylome sequence data for adult queens and workers. Polistes dominula possesses a fairly typical hymenopteran genome, but shows very low genomewide GC content and some evidence of reduced genome size. We found numerous caste‐related differences in gene expression, with evidence that both conserved and novel genes are related to caste differences. Most strikingly, these –omics data reveal a major reduction in one of the major epigenetic mechanisms that has been previously suggested to be important for caste differences in social insects: DNA methylation. Along with a conspicuous loss of a key gene associated with environmentally responsive DNA methylation (the de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3), these wasps have greatly reduced genomewide methylation to almost zero. In addition to providing a valuable resource for comparative analysis of social insect evolution, our integrative –omics data for this important behavioural and evolutionary model system call into question the general importance of DNA methylation in caste differences and evolution in social insects.
Heterogeneous genome divergence, differential introgression, and the origin and structure of hybrid zones
Authors: Harrison Richard G. , Larson Erica L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHybrid zones have been promoted as windows on the evolutionary process and as laboratories for studying divergence and speciation. Patterns of divergence between hybridizing species can now be characterized on a genomewide scale, and recent genome scans have focused on the presence of ‘islands’ of divergence. Patterns of heterogeneous genomic divergence may reflect differential introgression following secondary contact and provide insights into which genome regions contribute to local adaptation, hybrid unfitness and positive assortative mating. However, heterogeneous genome divergence can also arise in the absence of any gene flow, as a result of variation in selection and recombination across the genome. We suggest that to understand hybrid zone origins and dynamics, it is essential to distinguish between genome regions that are divergent between pure parental populations and regions that show restricted introgression where these populations interact in hybrid zones. The latter, more so than the former, reveal the likely genetic architecture of reproductive isolation. Mosaic hybrid zones, because of their complex structure and multiple contacts, are particularly good subjects for distinguishing primary intergradation from secondary contact. Comparisons among independent hybrid zones or transects that involve the ‘same’ species pair can also help to distinguish between divergence with gene flow and secondary contact. However, data from replicate hybrid zones or replicate transects do not reveal consistent patterns; in a few cases, patterns of introgression are similar across independent transects, but for many taxa, there is distinct lack of concordance, presumably due to variation in environmental context and/or variation in the genetics of the interacting populations.
Mucormycete infection or colonisation: experience of an Australian tertiary referral centre
Authors: Langford S. , Trubiano J. A. , Saxon S. , Spelman D. , Morrissey C. O. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryMucormycosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We reviewed patients with mucormycete isolated at Alfred Health, Australia. A retrospective review of 66 patients with mucormycete(s) identified, between 1 April 2008 and 30 June 2014. Baseline demographic, microbiological, radiological, treatment/outcome data were recorded. Site of isolation was sinopulmonary in 77% and skin/soft tissue in 21%. A total of 32% of cases were proven‐IFD, 12% probable‐IFD and 56% were defined as no‐IFD (or colonisation). Rhizopus spp. was identified in 48%. Comparing probable/proven‐IFD with no‐IFD/colonisation, more patients were postallogeneic stem cell transplantation (28% vs. 0%, P < 0.01) and were receiving immunosuppressive therapy (59% vs. 24%, P < 0.01) including prednisolone >20 mg daily (24% vs. 5%, P = 0.04). A total of 93% of patients with proven/probable IFD received treatment while 30% of no‐IFD/colonisation were treated. A total of 72% of patients with proven/probable IFD and 92% of those with colonisation had no further mucormycete isolated. Thirty day mortality was higher in the proven/probable‐IFD cohort (24%) compared with no‐IFD/colonisation (3%) (P = 0.02). Mucormycosis remains uncommon, with 56% of cases not associated with clinical infection. Immunosuppressive therapy remains strongly associated with mucormycosis. Mortality remains high in those with proven/probable IFD.
Evaluation of topical antifungal products in an in vitro onychomycosis model
Authors: Sleven Reindert , Lanckacker Ellen , Delputte Peter , Maes Louis , Cos Paul 
Published: February 2016

SummaryMany topical commercial products are currently available for the treatment of onychomycosis. However, limited data are available concerning their antifungal activity. Using an in vitro onychomycosis model, the daily application of seven nail formulations was compared to the antifungal reference drug amorolfine (Loceryl®) and evaluated for inhibitory activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes using an agar diffusion test. Of all commercial nail formulations, only Excilor® and Nailner® demonstrated inhibitory activity, which was much lower compared to the daily application of Loceryl®. However, Excilor® showed similar efficacy compared to the conventional weekly application of Loceryl®. These results suggest a role for organic acids in the antifungal effect of Excilor® (acetic acid, ethyl lactate) and Nailner® (lactic acid, citric acid, ethyl lactate) as all tested formulations without organic acids were inactive.
Virulence markers of opportunistic black yeast in Exophiala
Authors: Sav Hafize , Ozakkas Fatma , Altınbas Rabiye , Kiraz Nuri , Tümgör Ayşegül , Gümral Ramazan , Döğen Aylin , Ilkit Macit , de Hoog G. Sybren 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe black yeast genus Exophiala is known to cause a wide variety of diseases in severely ill individuals but can also affect immunocompetent individuals. Virulence markers and other physiological parameters were tested in eight clinical and 218 environmental strains, with a specific focus on human‐dominated habitats for the latter. Urease and catalase were consistently present in all samples; four strains expressed proteinase and three strains expressed DNase, whereas none of the strains showed phospholipase, haemolysis, or co‐haemolysis activities. Biofilm formation was identified in 30 (13.8%) of the environmental isolates, particularly in strains from dishwashers, and was noted in only two (25%) of the clinical strains. These results indicate that virulence factors are inconsistently present in the investigated Exophiala species, suggesting opportunism rather than pathogenicity.
Possible coexisting autoimmunity in a variant case of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with anti‐GM2 immunoglobulin M antibody
Authors: Yasaki Shunji , Tukamoto Yuko , Yuasa Naoki , Ohnuki Tomohide , Yoshii Fumihito 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA 43‐year‐old man presented with bilateral facial palsy, and muscle weakness and numbness in the upper limbs after an episode of antecedent infection. He rapidly developed muscle weakness in all limbs and bulbar palsy, and subsequently required artificial ventilation. Serum samples were weakly positive for anti‐GM2 immunoglobulin M antibody. Plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy resulted in partial and temporary improvement of symptoms. The patient subsequently developed complete tetraplegia. The patient's father and uncle had been previously diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mutational analysis of the patient's blood showed a Cys6Gly mutation in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 gene. Here, we report a variant case of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis suggesting a possible coexisting autoimmunity.
Peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis in C‐reactive protein transgenic mice undergoing peritoneal dialysis solution treatment
Authors: Poon Peter Yam‐Kau , Lan Hui‐Yao , Kwan Bonnie Ching‐Ha , Huang Xiao‐Ru , Chow Kai‐Ming , Szeto Cheuk‐Chun , Li Philip Kam‐Tao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimC‐reactive protein (CRP) is a mediator of systemic inflammation. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is known to cause peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis. We compare the degree of peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis in wild‐type (WT) and CRP‐transgenic (Tg) mice after PD treatment.MethodsWT (n = 7) and CRP‐Tg (n = 10) C57BL/6 J mice (all male, 10–12 weeks old) were injected intra‐peritoneally with 4.25% dextrose PD solution (3 mL/mouse) daily for 28 days, followed by a 2‐h peritoneal equilibration test (PET). The mice were then killed. Parietal peritoneal and omental tissues were collected for the assessment of inflammation and fibrosis.ResultsAfter 28 days of PD treatment, CRP‐Tg mice had higher dialysate‐to‐plasma (D/P) creatinine ratio than that of WT mice. Parietal peritoneum of the CRP‐Tg mice was more cellular and thicker than that of the WT mice. CRP‐Tg mice also had higher connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) RNA expressions as well as immunohistochemical staining in the parietal peritoneum than that of the WT mice.ConclusionsCRP‐Tg mice have significantly more inflammation and fibrosis than WT mice after PD treatment. Our results suggest that CRP play a role in inflammation and fibrosis induced by PD. The implication of our results to human PD therapy needs further investigations.
Predictors of cardiac rehabilitation attendance following primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction in Australia
Authors: Soo Hoo Soon Yeng , Gallagher Robyn , Elliott Doug 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCardiac rehabilitation is an important component of recovery and secondary prevention following urgent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. However, attendance and factors that predict participation by patients admitted with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction remain unclear. This Australian study was conducted using a descriptive, comparative design. Consecutive patients (n = 246) at two hospitals were interviewed by telephone at four weeks and six months. Open‐ended questions were used to assess cardiac rehabilitation attendance, sociodemographics, modifiable risk factors, clinical outcomes, and post‐discharge health support. Post‐discharge home visits at four weeks (odds ratio: 2.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.48‐4.71) and at six months were associated with better cardiac rehabilitation attendance; more males participated at four weeks and at six months. The results suggest the need to integrate post‐discharge health support with cardiac rehabilitation to facilitate recovery after primary percutaneous coronary intervention, particularly for females with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction.
Interaction between functional health literacy and telehomecare: Short‐term effects from a randomized trial
Authors: Korsbakke Emtekær Hæsum Lisa , Ehlers Lars , Hejlesen Ole K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study was conducted as part of a randomized, controlled trial, and explored whether the introduction of a Danish telehomecare intervention, referred to as ‘the Telekit’, and its associated educational components affect functional health literacy. The study sample consisted of 60 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the intervention group who received the Telekit, and 56 in the control group; all participants were collected from the large‐scale, randomized TeleCare North trial by consecutive sampling. To avoid recall bias, the design did not include a baseline measurement, comparing instead the post‐intervention measurements between the intervention and control groups. First, the comparability of the two groups was determined, and statistically significant differences in their functional health literacy scores were examined using an independent t‐test. Furthermore, the associations between functional health literacy and both groups were tested using multiple regression analysis. No statistically significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups, suggesting that the introduction of the Telekit and its associated educational components has no effect on functional health literacy. However, further research should be conducted using a larger sample.