bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is it like to be unitarily reversed?
Authors: Evans Peter W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere has been in recent years a huge surge of interest in the so-called extended Wigner’s friend scenario (EWFS). In short, a series of theorems (with some variation in detail) puts pressure on the ability of different agents in the scenario to account for each of the others’ measured outcomes: the outcomes cannot be assigned single well-defined values while also satisfying other reasonable physical assumptions. These theorems have been interpreted as showing that there can be no absolute, third-person, ‘God’s eye’ description of our reality. The focus of this paper is the strongest of these no-go theorems, the ‘local friendliness’ theorem of Bong et al. (2020, Nature Physics, 16, 1199–1205), which gives earnest consideration to the possibility of a measurement that unitarily reverses an entire lab system, including a conscious agent, thereby erasing the agent’s memory. The purpose of this paper is to begin the philosophical conversation regarding key questions concerning this process: Are the events in the lab merely ‘erased’, or do they in some sense not exist at all? What would it be like to be unitarily reversed? Should an agent care about any experiences they have inside the lab before they are reversed? This analysis employs a parallel case of memory erasure, to which this case can be contrasted, arising in the context of drug-induced amnesia as a result of administering anaesthesia during medical procedures (Carbonell, 2014, Bioethics, 28(5), 245–254). I argue that the consequences of unitarily reversing an agent are much more dramatic than simply memory erasure—the set of events themselves, and the personal timeline of the agent, leave no record at all inside or outside the lab. I consider the ramifications of this for the picture of reality that arises from the EWFS.
Sucrose, glucose, and fructose preference in honeybees and their effects on food digestibility
Authors: Abdella Mostafa , Rateb Salah H. , Khodairy Mohammed. M. , Omar Eslam M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn bee diets, nectar is the primary source of carbohydrates. During scarcity of bee flora, such as in winter, beekeepers typically provide supplemental sugar syrup as a nectar substitute. We examined four types of sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose, and a mixture of fructose and glucose) on bee longevity, bee appetitive, and their impact on pollen digestion. The results showed that sucrose and glucose had extended the longevity in cages. Bees preferred sucrose at a 50% concentration since they consumed more than the other sugar types in cages and in the multiple-choice test experiment in apiary. Bees given sucrose solution consumed the most pollen. In contrast, the cages provided the fructose solution consumed the least amount of pollen, increasing body fat percentage, which can be considered evidence of a digestive disorder. Generally, the type of sugar affects bee’s benefits from nutrition. Finally, sucrose is the best type of sugar and is considered the ideal substitute for nectar.
Using a Group Stimulus Preference Assessment to Design an Effective Group Contingency
Authors: Fluharty Amber S. E. , LeJeune Lauren M. , Samudre Mark D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to extend the limited research on group stimulus preference assessment (SPA) procedures. The study occurred in two sections of a middle school special education classroom and included 20 students with multi-categorical disabilities. A paired stimulus group SPA was used to identify a preference hierarchy for each class, and results were validated using single case designs in which baseline conditions were compared to group contingency conditions with alternating sessions of the highest-preferred (high-p) and lowest-preferred (low-p) consequences. Both group contingency conditions increased the percentage of students prepared for class relative to baseline; however, consistently higher levels of students were prepared for class during high-p sessions. Student responses on a daily quiz were similar in both conditions, but social validity surveys indicated students felt the most motivation and enjoyment during high-p sessions.
The effect of exercise training in people with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Traise Annette , Dieberg Gudrun , Pearson Melissa Jane , Smart Neil Andrew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue with high mortality and economic costs. Exercise has potential benefits for pre-dialysis CKD management. This review examines the impact of exercise on CKD patients not on dialysis, focusing on improvement in various health parameters. Findings aim to inform the role of exercise in pre-dialysis CKD care.

Methods
A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus, up to August 31, 2023, used key terms relating to pre-dialysis CKD and exercise. We pooled randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing exercise with usual care and conducted meta-analyses based on a random effects inverse variance model with the effect measure of mean difference.

Results
Of 1162 identified studies, 37 RCTs met the inclusion criteria including 1248 participants. Significant improvements were identified for peak VO2, mean difference [MD] (2.66 mL/kg/min; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48, 3.83; p < 0.00001); the 6-min walk (MD 58.83 m; 95% CI 35.26, 82.41; p < 0.00001), timed up and go (standardised mean difference − 0.35; 95% CI − 0.54, − 0.15; p = 0.0006), 2-min step (MD 57.48 steps; 95% CI 27.80, 87.16; p = 0.0001), and sit to stand tests (MD 4.55 repetitions; 95% CI 1.49, 7.60; p = 0.004); short form [SF]-36 general health (MD 4.26; 95% CI 0.04, 8.47; p = 0.05); SF-36 mental component summary (MD 1.84; 95% CI 0.18, 3.51; p = 0.03); estimated glomerular filtration rate (MD 2.19 mL/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI 0.97, 3.50; p = 0.001); serum cystatin-C (MD − 0.06 mg/L; 95% CI − 0.11, − 0.02; p = 0.004); resting heart rate (MD − 1.97 bpm; 95% CI − 3.84, − 0.11; p = 0.04); triglycerides (MD − 12.97mg/dL; 95% CI − 17.30, − 8.63; p < 0.00001); glycosylated haemoglobin (MD − 0.25%; 95% CI − 0.50, − 0.01; p = 0.04); waist circumference (MD − 3.12 cm; 95% CI − 4.37, − 1.86; p < 0.00001); and interleukin-6 (MD − 2.24 pg/mL; 95% CI − 3.87. − 0.61; p = 0.007).

Conclusions
Analysis revealed improvements in aerobic capacity, functional ability, quality of life, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum cystatin-C, resting heart rate, waist circumference, triglyceride, glycosylated haemoglobin, and interleukin-6 levels.

Graphical abstract
Die Buchpreisbindung: Evergreen oder Auslaufmodell?
Authors: Budzinski Oliver , Stöhr Annika , Schmid Jessica 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden das deutsche Buchpreisbindungsgesetz und seine Bedeutung im digitalen Zeitalter kritisch beleuchtet. Das Gesetz schreibt eine vertikale Preisbindung sowohl für physische als auch für elektronische Bücher vor, mit den Zielen die Titelvielfalt und den lokalen Buchhandel zu fördern. Wir untersuchen beide politischen Ziele aus ökonomischer Sicht. Im ersten Teil der Analyse wird untersucht, ob die Preisbindung tatsächlich die Titelvielfalt erhöht. Während das Gesetz es den Verlagen theoretisch ermöglicht, Nischentitel zu subventionieren, indem sie höhere Preise für Bestseller verlangen, deutet die empirische Evidenz darauf hin, dass sich die Titelvielfalt nicht wesentlich verbessert hat. Zudem hat das Gesetz eine regressive Wirkung, da es die Preise für Bestseller steigert, was sich unverhältnismäßig stark auf einkommensschwächere Konsumenten auswirkt. Im zweiten Teil der ökonomischen Analyse wird das Ziel des Gesetzes untersucht, den lokalen Buchhandel zu erhalten. Auch hier zeigt die empirische Evidenz, dass mit dem Aufkommen von Online-Plattformen und Digitalisierung die Verfügbarkeit von Büchern (physische und digitale Exemplare) besser erreicht wird, als durch die Preisbindung. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass das Buchpreisbindungsgesetz auf dem heutigen sowie zukünftigen Buchmarkt nicht mehr wirksam ist, da Online-Plattformen und der digitale Vertrieb besser zur Erreichung beider politischer Ziele beitragen.
Dipping your toes in the water: early childhood science learning at a beach kindergarten
Authors: Speldewinde Christopher 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe forest school approach to learning has gathered momentum in the UK and parts of Europe for well over 50 years. In other contexts such as Canada, China, New Zealand and Australia, nature-based early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings, influenced by European forest school approaches, are in a growth phase. While research attention is often given to ‘green spaces’ such as nature reserves, parklands and forests, less consideration has been given to the ‘blue spaces’. Blue spaces incorporate beaches and coastal environments and can be rich contexts for early childhood science education. One example of a nature-based approach to ECEC is the Australian ‘bush kinder’. Bush kinders are growing in number and educators have been observed to include sessions at beach environments as part of year-long bush kinder programmes. Beach kinders often involve four- to five-year-old preschool children and provide experiences to learn from and about the natural world through play in the water, on the sand and amongst coastal woodlands. This paper highlights the importance of educators in fostering science teaching and learning in the context of beach kinders. Through analysing early years science education research, guiding curriculum frameworks and early childhood learning, the importance of providing children with beach kinder opportunities to enhance understandings of early childhood science education is discussed. Drawing on vignettes from ethnographic data, gained through researcher participant observation, the benefits of educators scaffolding children’s of physical, chemical and biological science experiences present in coastal environments is considered in this paper.
Vision-Based Optimal Landing Guidance Law for VTOL UAVs on a Moving Platform
Authors: Jang Wondae , Cho Moongyeang , Lim Heungsik , Lee Sujin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a vision-based autonomous landing strategy for vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAVs on a moving platform. The approach uses visual measurements to estimate the relative position and speed between the landing pad and the UAV. Challenges arise when the landing pad moves out of the camera’s field of view or when visual measurements become unstable due to excessive UAV maneuvers, leading to degraded landing performance. To address this, the study introduces a novel tracking guidance law that controls the UAV’s position to keep the camera oriented toward the landing pad. An optimal landing guidance law is also developed to minimize attitude angle variations during the approach phase, ensuring stable image acquisition for improved state estimation and maintaining the camera’s field of view. We proposed a state machine-based landing procedure, incorporating landing decisions and go-around logic, enabling full autonomy. The proposed strategy’s performance is validated through flight tests with a multicopter and a fixed-wing VTOL UAV.
Deformation localisation in stretched liquid crystal elastomers
Authors: Poudel Rabin , Şengül Yasemin , Mihai L. Angela 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe model within the framework of finite elasticity two inherent instabilities observed in liquid crystal elastomers under uniaxial tension. First is necking, which occurs when a material sample suddenly elongates more in a small region where it appears narrower than the rest of the sample. Second is shear striping, which forms when the in-plane director rotates gradually to realign and become parallel with the applied force. These phenomena are due to the liquid crystal molecules rotating freely under mechanical loads. To capture necking, we assume that the uniaxial order parameter increases with tensile stretch, as reported experimentally during polydomain-monodomain transition. To account for shear striping, we maintain the uniaxial order parameter fixed, as suggested by experiments. Our finite element simulations capture well these phenomena. As necking in liquid crystal elastomers has not been satisfactorily modelled before, our theoretical and numerical findings related to this effect can be of wide interest. Shear striping has been well studied, yet our computed examples also show how optimal stripe width increases with the nematic penetration depth measuring the competition between the Frank elasticity of liquid crystals and polymer elasticity. Although known theoretically, this result has not been confirmed numerically by previous nonlinear elastic models.
Biochar’s effect on the soil carbon cycle: a rapid review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bekchanova Madina , Kuppens Tom , Cuypers Ann , Jozefczak Marijke , Malina Robert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBiochar offers opportunities for improving soil carbon (C) sequestration and reducing CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. It has emerged as a strategy for mitigating climate change and improving the soil carbon cycle (SCC). While previous review studies have primarily investigated the effects of biochar on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, a considerable research gap remains regarding its impact on the SCC. The present study aims to bridge this gap by examining the main SCC components: total CO2 flux, total microbial respiration, and C sequestration. We conducted a global meta-analysis which included 75 studies and 250 observations. The results show an average 11% increase in soil total CO2 flux from biochar, but the confidence interval (CI) slightly touches the no-effect line (CI [0%, 23%]). Total microbial respiration remains unchanged after the application (10%, CI [− 2%, 23%]). In contrast, soil C sequestration benefits from biochar by 61% (CI [36%, 90%]). Our analysis identified key predictors affecting SCC components: experimental design, continent, biochar application rate, feedstock type, and pyrolysis temperature. Incubation experiments reveal benefits for all SCC components. The Middle East, Europe, and Asia exhibit potential for enhancing C sequestration with biochar. Higher application rates amplify C sequestration and total microbial respiration. Manure biochar enhances total microbial respiration, while woody biochar influences total CO2 flux. Furthermore, lower pyrolysis temperatures show promise for improving C sequestration and total microbial respiration. In conclusion, while biochar holds promise for C sequestration, its impact on total microbial respiration and total CO2 flux remains inconclusive.
The Value of Androgen Measures for Diagnosing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in an Unselected Population
Authors: Pace L. , Kummer N. , Wallace M. , Azziz R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is diagnosed by a combination of three features: hyperandrogenism (biochemical and/or clinical), ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology, usually detected by ultrasonography. Our study aimed to determine the need for androgen measurements by using hirsutism to establish hyperandrogenism for diagnosing PCOS in a medically unbiased population.

Materials and Methods
We utilized a pre-existing cohort of unselected (medically unbiased) females aged 18–45 years. All underwent a history and physical, including a modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) hirsutism score. Subjects were categorized clinically as eumenorrheic non-hirsute (CONTROLS), menstrual dysfunction only (OLIGO-ONLY), hirsutism only (HIRSUTE-ONLY), or menstrual dysfunction and hirsutism (OLIGO + HIRSUTE). All subjects underwent measurements of androgens using high-quality assays. CONTROLS established the upper normal limit for androgen levels. We defined PCOS using the NIH 1990 criteria.

Results
Of 462 individuals with complete evaluations, 311 (67.3%) were CONTROLS, 71 (15.4%) were OLIGO-ONLY, 64 (13.9%) were HIRSUTE-ONLY, and 16 (3.5%) were OLIGO + HIRSUTE. Neither HIRSUTE-ONLY nor OLIGO-HIRSUTE women required androgen measures to demonstrate hyperandrogenism. Among OLIGO-ONLY, 19 (26.8%) demonstrated hyperandrogenemia without hirsutism, with White women significantly more likely than Black women to demonstrate this.

Conclusions
In our study of medically unbiased reproductive-aged women using the NIH 1990 criteria for PCOS, only 15.4% of women evaluated (those with menstrual dysfunction only) required androgen measurements. In these women only one-quarter demonstrated hyperandrogenemia. These data provide a strategy to minimize the need for androgen assays, including firstly categorizing subjects by clinical presentation and then assessing circulating androgens in the subgroup with menstrual dysfunction only.
Intergenerational and technological changes in mafia-type groups: a transcultural research agenda to study the ‘ndrangheta and its mobility
Authors: Sergi Anna , Lavorgna Anita 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Mafia-type groups are increasingly mobile in their structures and in their activities. We propose here to revive cultural studies on mafias and organised crime by critically introducing insights from research on transculturation into mafia mobility studies. Transculturation helps understand how cultures stratify and engage with existing power imbalances in the host countries, within migration setting. We argue that transcultural transformations—primarily in the field of technology and intergenerational changes—have the potential to influence the resilience of mafia groups abroad. With the case of the ‘ndrangheta in mind—and using preliminary data from Operation Eureka (2023) to support our argument—we set a research agenda for three sub-themes of critical social science research into transculturation and mobility of mafia-type organised crime. This research agenda is adequate to study the mobility of mafia-groups, but will have the potential to influence research on mafias more generally.
Life cycle assessment of metal powder production: a Bayesian stochastic Kriging model-based autonomous estimation
Authors: Xiao Haibo , Gao Baoyun , Yu Shoukang , Liu Bin , Cao Sheng , Peng Shitong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetal powder contributes to the environmental burdens of additive manufacturing (AM) substantially. Current life cycle assessments (LCAs) of metal powders present considerable variations of lifecycle environmental inventory due to process divergence, spatial heterogeneity, or temporal fluctuation. Most importantly, the amounts of LCA studies on metal powder are limited and primarily confined to partial material types. To this end, based on the data surveyed from a metal powder supplier, this study conducted an LCA of titanium and nickel alloy produced by electrode-inducted and vacuum-inducted melting gas atomization, respectively. Given that energy consumption dominates the environmental burden of powder production and is influenced by metal materials’ physical properties, we proposed a Bayesian stochastic Kriging model to estimate the energy consumption during the gas atomization process. This model considered the inherent uncertainties of training data and adaptively updated the parameters of interest when new environmental data on gas atomization were available. With the predicted energy use information of specific powder, the corresponding lifecycle environmental impacts can be further autonomously estimated in conjunction with the other surveyed powder production stages. Results indicated the environmental impact of titanium alloy powder is slightly higher than that of nickel alloy powder and their lifecycle carbon emissions are around 20 kg CO2 equivalency. The proposed Bayesian stochastic Kriging model showed more accurate predictions of energy consumption compared with conventional Kriging and stochastic Kriging models. This study enables data imputation of energy consumption during gas atomization given the physical properties and producing technique of powder materials.
A rapid fingerprint positioning method based on deep convolutional neural network for MIMO-OFDM systems
Authors: He Chenlin , Wang Xiaojun , Jiao Jiyu , Huang Yuhua , Han Chengpei , Zhang Yizhuo , Zhu Jianping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe combination of fingerprint positioning and 5G (the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology) offers broader application prospects for indoor positioning technology, but also brings challenges in real-time performance. In this paper, we propose a fingerprint positioning method based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) using a classification approach in a single-base station scenario for massive multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. We introduce an angle-delay domain fingerprint matrix that simplifies the computation process and increases the location differentiation. The cosine distance is chosen as the fingerprint similarity criterion due to its sensitivity to angular differences. First, the DCNN model is used to determine the sub-area to which the mobile terminal belongs, and then the weighted K-nearest neighbor (WKNN) matching algorithm is used to estimate the position within the sub-area. The positioning performance is simulated in a DeepMIMO indoor environment, showing that the classification DCNN method reduces the positioning time by 77.05% compared to the non-classification method, with only a 1.08% increase in average positioning error.
Prognostic significance and biological implications of SM-like genes in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: He Xue , Yan Changjian , Yang Yaru , Wang Weijia , Liu Xiaoni , Wu Chaoling , Zhou Zimu , Huang Xin , Fu Wei , Hu Jing , Yang Ping , Wang Jing , Zhu Mingxia , Liu Yan , Zhang Wei , Li Shaoxiang , Dong Gehong , Yuan Xiaoliang , Lin Yuansheng , Jing Hongmei , Zhang Weilong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
SM-like (LSM) genes a family of RNA-binding proteins, are involved in mRNA regulation and can function as oncogenes by altering mRNA stability. However, their roles in B-cell progression and tumorigenesis remain poorly understood.

Methods
We analyzed gene expression profiles and overall survival data of 123 patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The LSM index was developed to assess its potential as a prognostic marker of MCL survival.

Results
Five of the eight LSM genes were identified as potential prognostic markers for survival in MCL, with particular emphasis on the LSM.index. The expression levels of these LSM genes demonstrated their potential utility as classifiers of MCL. The LSM.index-high group exhibited both poorer survival rates and lower RNA levels than did the overall transcript profile. Notably, LSM1 and LSM8 were overexpressed in the LSM.index-high group, with LSM1 showing 2.5-fold increase (p < 0.001) and LSM8 depicting 1.8-fold increase (p < 0.01) than those in the LSM.index-low group. Furthermore, elevated LSM gene expression was associated with increased cell division and RNA splicing pathway activity.

Conclusions
The LSM.index demonstrates potential as a prognostic marker for survival in patients with MCL. Elevated expression of LSM genes, particularly LSM1 and LSM8, may be linked to poor survival outcomes through their involvement in cell division and RNA splicing pathways. These findings suggest that LSM genes may contribute to the aggressive behavior of MCL and represent potential targets for therapeutic interventions.