bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISPR-Cas9 targeted disruption of theyellowortholog in the housefly identifies thebrown bodylocus
Authors: Heinze Svenia D. , Kohlbrenner Tea , Ippolito Domenica , Meccariello Angela , Burger Alexa , Mosimann Christian , Saccone Giuseppe , Bopp Daniel 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe classicbrown body(bwb) mutation in the houseflyMusca domesticaimpairs normal melanization of the adult cuticle. InDrosophila melanogaster, a reminiscent pigmentation defect results from mutations in theyellowgene encoding dopachrome conversion enzyme (DCE). Here, we demonstrate that thebwblocus structurally and functionally represents theyellowortholog ofMusca domestica,MdY. InbwbMusca strains, we identified two mutantMdYalleles that contain lesions predicted to result in premature truncation of the MdY open reading frame. We targeted wildtypeMdYby CRISPR-Cas9 RNPs and generated new mutant alleles that fail to complement existingMdYalleles, genetically confirming thatMdYis thebwblocus. We further found evidence for Cas9-mediated interchromosomal recombination between wildtype and mutantbwballeles. Our work resolves the molecular identity of the classicbwbmutation inMusca domesticaand establishes the feasibility of Cas9-mediated genome editing in the Musca model.
Self-regulation and compliance enforcement practices by the Investment Dealers Association in Canada
Authors: Lokanan Mark 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the enforcement practices of the Investment Dealers Association of Canada (IDA) and argue that self-regulation simply does not work in the financial sector, as the sanctions available are neither applied with sufficient severity nor are the responsibilities for enforcement adequately divided between self-regulation, provincial securities commissions and the police.

Design/methodology/approach
The core compliance data for the study came from the IDA’s tribunal cases that were heard between 1984 and June 2008. The theoretical approach involves the invocation of classic articles by the likes of Stigler, Posner and Becker, the essence of whose conclusions is that institutions will act in their own best interests and cannot be expected to act in the public interest.

Findings
The findings show that over the period from 1984 to 2008, the severity of the sanctions increased consistently over the period. When penalty ceilings were increased, penalties increased. When in the latter phase of the period, public members (i.e. non-members of the industry) chaired the tribunals, penalties also increased.

Research limitations/implications
Researchers can use the data to write a paper which asks “Why did the IDA tribunal penalties increase so consistently with time?” Future research could canvass various possible explanations, including the one presented in this paper, to focus sustained attention on the issue of self-regulation.

Originality/value
This study is the first to systematically examine the enforcement performance of the IDA.
Integrated care in practice – the South Eastern Sydney experience
Authors: Stewart Gregory , Bradd Patricia , Bruce Tish , Chapman Thomas , McDougall Brendon , Shaw Daniel , Soars Linda 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the recent efforts of a large publicly funded healthcare organisation in Sydney, Australia to implement integrated care (IC) “at scale and pace” in the messy, real-world context of a District Health Service.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper outlines the theoretical and practical considerations used to design and develop a localised IC Strategy informed by the “House of Care” model (NHS England, 2016).

Findings
The need for cross-agency partnership, a shared narrative, joint leadership and an IC Strategy underpinned by proven theoretical models model is described.

Originality/value
This paper highlights key factors relating to implementation and evaluation of a local IC Strategy in the real world.
Production of SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ green-emitting phosphor nano-pigment powders via microwave processing route
Authors: Johari Mohammadreza , Rajabi Masoud , Mohammadi Vahid 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The present paper aims to synthesize SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ green-emitting phosphor nano-pigment powder using a combination of citrate – gel processing and microwave-assisted heating route.

Design/methodology/approach
Microwave-assisted citrate – gel processing of SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ green-emitting phosphor nano-pigment powder has been carried out by varying the pH and the molar ratio of H3Cit/Al3+ + Sr2+ +Eu2++Dy3+ (f/o). X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the produced powders were nearly pure SrAl2O4 phase, in which the SrAl2O4 host phase has the maximum fraction of green-emitting monoclinic SrAl2O4 phase.

Findings
Spectrophotometer results revealed that two excitation peaks appeared at 238 and 339 nm and an emission peak at 515 nm. The crystallite size of the green-emitting phosphor nano-pigment powder was about 37 nm as determined by Scherrer’s formula. The best conditions for formation of monoclinic SrAl2O4 phase with high purity were achieved at pH of precursor solution equal to 7 and the molar ratio of f/o equal to 3.

Originality/value
The present research work for the first time (to the best of the authors’ knowledge) has used microwave and sol–gel combination techniques to produce green-emitting phosphor nano-pigment powder (without using any other heating system).
Detection of individual ploidy levels with genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) analysis
Authors: Gompert Zachariah , Mock Karen E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPloidy levels sometimes vary among individuals or populations, particularly in plants. When such variation exists, accurate determination of cytotype can inform studies of ecology or trait variation and is required for population genetic analyses. Here, we propose and evaluate a statistical approach for distinguishing low‐level ploidy variants (e.g. diploids, triploids and tetraploids) based on genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) data. The method infers cytotypes based on observed heterozygosity and the ratio of DNA sequences containing different alleles at thousands of heterozygous SNPs (i.e. allelic ratios). Whereas the method does not require prior information on ploidy, a reference set of samples with known ploidy can be included in the analysis if it is available. We explore the power and limitations of this method using simulated data sets and GBS data from natural populations of aspen (Populus tremuloides) known to include both diploid and triploid individuals. The proposed method was able to reliably discriminate among diploids, triploids and tetraploids in simulated data sets, and this was true for different levels of genetic diversity, inbreeding and population structure. Power and accuracy were minimally affected by low coverage (i.e. 2×), but did sometimes suffer when simulated mixtures of diploids, autotetraploids and allotetraploids were analysed. Cytotype assignments based on the proposed method closely matched those from previous microsatellite and flow cytometry data when applied to GBS data from aspen. An R package (gbs2ploidy) implementing the proposed method is available from CRAN.
Editorial: improving in‐hospital management of decompensated cirrhosis by a ‘care bundle’ – hope, frustration and lessons to learn. Authors’ reply
Authors: McPherson S. , Dyson J. K. , Hudson M. 
Published: February 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to McPherson et al and Bosch papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13806 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13924.
Pulmonary thromboembolism as a complication of lung transplantation
Authors: Kristensen Anna Warncke , Mortensen Jann , Berg Ronan M. G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPost‐transplantation mortality after lung transplantation (LTX) is higher than for other solid organ transplantations. Thoracic surgery is associated with increased risk of thromboembolic complications, and as LTX recipients lack the collateral bronchial circulation, pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) may represent a pertinent yet largely underdiagnosed cause of post‐transplantation respiratory failure. In this systematic review, we sought to elucidate the occurrence and predilection site of PTE after LTX, and its potential impact on LTX‐associated mortality. Based on twelve original articles identified by a systematic search strategy in PubMed, we found that PTE was reported in 4% of LTX recipients, and 38% of these events occurred within the first 30 days after the LTX procedure. In single‐lung transplantation (SLTX) recipients, 12% were diagnosed with PTE, with 92% of these affecting the allograft. Of LTX patients diagnosed with PTE, 11% died within 1 year after LTX and 75% of these deaths occurred within the first 30 days. Our findings suggest that PTE is a potentially underdiagnosed cause of early post‐LTX respiratory failure. This should be confirmed in larger studies with systematic follow‐up diagnostic imaging.
Effects of mogamulizumab in adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma in clinical practice
Authors: Sekine Masaaki , Kubuki Yoko , Kameda Takuro , Takeuchi Masanori , Toyama Takanori , Kawano Noriaki , Maeda Kouichi , Sato Seiichi , Ishizaki Junzo , Kawano Hiroshi , Kamiunten Ayako , Akizuki Keiichi , Tahira Yuki , Shimoda Haruko , Shide Kotaro , Hidaka Tomonori , Kitanaka Akira , Yamashita Kiyoshi , Matsuoka Hitoshi , Shimoda Kazuya 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe efficacy of mogamulizumab in adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) was reported in a previous phase 2 study. Compared with patients in clinical trials, however, most patients in real‐life settings have demonstrated worse outcomes.MethodWe retrospectively analyzed 96 patients with relapsed/refractory ATLL who received mogamulizumab treatment.ResultsRelapsed/refractory ATLL patients with a median age of 70 years received a median of five courses of mogamulizumab. Hematologic toxicity and skin rash were the most common adverse events, and both were manageable. Of 96 patients, 87 were evaluable for efficacy. The overall response rate was 36%, and the median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from the start of mogamulizumab therapy were 1.8 and 4.0 months, respectively. Of the original 96 patients, only 25 fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the phase 2 study. Those who met the criteria demonstrated longer median PFS and OS durations of 2.7 and 8.5 months, respectively. The median OS from diagnosis in relapsed/refractory ATLL patients receiving mogamulizumab was 12 months, longer than the 5.8 months in a historical cohort without mogamulizumab.ConclusionIn clinical practice, mogamulizumab exhibited antitumor activity in patients with relapsed/refractory ATLL, with an acceptable toxicity profile. Mogamulizumab therapy improved the OS of ATLL patients.
Venous thromboembolism management practices and knowledge of guidelines: a survey of Australian haematologists and respiratory physicians
Authors: Wallace Rory , Anderson Mary‐Ann , See Katharine , Gorelik Alexandra , Irving Louis , Manser Renee 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundCurrent international clinical practice guidelines do not adequately address all clinical scenarios in the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and no comprehensive Australian guidelines exist.AimsTo identify areas of uncertainty in VTE management and whether self‐reported practice is consistent with guidelines.MethodsWe conducted an Australian cross‐sectional online survey consisting of 53 questions to investigate doctors’ VTE management practices. The survey was distributed to consultant and trainee/registrar haematologists and respiratory physicians with the aid of participating medical societies.ResultsA total of 71 haematologists and 110 respiratory physicians responded to the survey. The majority of survey respondents were 31–50‐years old and worked in teaching hospitals and in the acute care setting. Under‐treatment was reported for high‐risk pulmonary embolism (PE) and duration of anticoagulation for first‐episode unprovoked PE (32 and 83% respectively). Over‐treatment was reported in areas of thrombolysis for intermediate‐risk PE (16%) and duration of anticoagulation for first‐episode provoked PE (41%). Uncertainty and variations in doctors’ management approaches were also found.ConclusionThis survey demonstrated significant over‐treatment, under‐treatment and variability in the practice of VTE management. The findings highlight the need for the development and implementation of national guidelines for the management of VTE in Australia.
Using a worst pain intensity measure in children and adolescents
Authors: Avian Alexander , Messerer Brigitte , Meissner Winfried , Sandner‐Kiesling Andreas , Kammel Julian , Labugger Marlies , Weinberg Annelie , Berghold Andrea 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimsTo explore inconsistencies and the reliability in worst pain intensity ratings in children.BackgroundAsking for worst pain always requires a retrospective evaluation which is controversially discussed.DesignRetrospective analysis of registry data and a prospective study.MethodsRetrospective study: 5970 patients [age: 10·2(4·0) years, female: 41% data collection: 2008–2015]; Prospective study: 240 patients [age: 14·7(1·9) years, female: 43%, data collection 2013–2014] were included. In both studies, the number of implausible pain intensity ratings was calculated (both studies: worst pain lower than movement pain or pain at rest, prospective study: number of patients reporting lower pain intensity ratings in worst pain items for the same time period in a second assessment). Test–retest reliability was calculated for the prospective study. Changes in worst pain ratings were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed ranks test.ResultsTest–retest reliability ranged from ρ = 0·77–0·90. In the retrospective study, 8·9% (95%CI: 8·2–9·6%) of our patients reported higher movement and/or pain at rest compared with worst pain. In the prospective study, 35·8% (95%CI: 30·0–42·1%) reported higher activity pain ratings compared with worst pain ratings in at least one pain assessment; 13·8% of the pediatric patients reported lower pain intensity ratings in worst pain items in a second assessment compared with the first assessment.ConclusionNine to 36% of our patients showed inconsistent worst pain ratings. To overcome this problem, more specific pain intensity items, more than one item or a better instruction for pediatric patients could be used.
Identification of genomic islands in Chilean Piscirickettsia salmonis strains and analysis of gene expression involved in virulence
Authors: Lagos F , Cartes C , Vera T , Haussmann D , Figueroa J 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPiscirickettsia salmonis, an agent of Piscirickettsiosis, is the cause of major losses in the Chilean salmon industry. We identified, characterized and bioinformatically analysed genomic islands in field strains of P. Salmonis, using the bioinformatic software PIPS, that uses the characteristics of the islands of pathogenicity to identify them. We analysed nine partially sequenced genomes in different new field strains, and compared them with the LF‐89 (Type strain) genome, selecting a genomic island present in all of them. We then evaluated the relative expression of three genes present in that island. From the obtained results, we conclude that the expression of the tcf gene is directly proportional to the cytopathogenicity in vitro of the bacteria; the product of the dnsa gene could contribute to its pathogenicity, but would be potentiated by one or more factors. The product of the gene liso is necessary for the virulence process and could have functions in early stages of infection. Regarding the strains, the IBM‐040 strain showed a significant increase in the expression of all the genes in the study. Contrarily, LF‐89 only presented a significant increase in expression of the gene liso, which correlates with the cytopathogenicity in vitro observed in the SHK‐1 cells.
Economic Analysis of Primary Care‐Based Physical Activity Counseling in Older Men: The VA‐LIFE Trial
Authors: Cowper Patricia A. , Peterson Matthew J. , Pieper Carl F. , Sloane Richard J. , Hall Katherine S. , McConnell Eleanor S. , Bosworth Hayden B. , Ekelund Carola C. , Pearson Megan P. , Morey Miriam C. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo perform an economic evaluation of a primary care‐based physical activity counseling intervention that improved physical activity levels and rapid gait speed in older veterans.DesignSecondary objective of randomized trial that assessed the effect of exercise counseling (relative to usual care) on physical performance, physical activity, function, disability, and medical resource use and cost.SettingVeterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.ParticipantsMale veterans aged ≥70 years (n = 398).InterventionAn experienced health counselor provided baseline in‐person exercise counseling, followed by telephone counseling at 2, 4, and 6 weeks, and monthly thereafter through one year. Each participant's primary care physician provided initial endorsement of the intervention, followed by monthly automated telephone messages tailored to the patient. Individualized progress reports were mailed quarterly.MeasurementsIntervention costs were assessed. Health care resource use and costs were estimated from enrollment through one year follow‐up. The incremental cost of achieving clinically significant changes in major trial endpoints was calculated.ResultsThe total direct cost of the intervention per participant was $459, 85% of which was counselor effort. With overhead, program cost totaled $696 per participant. Medical costs during follow‐up reached $10,418 with the intervention, versus $12,052 with usual care (difference = −$1,634 (95% confidence interval = −$4,683 to $1,416; P = .29)). Expressed in terms of short‐term clinical outcomes, the intervention cost $4,971 per additional patient reaching target exercise levels, or $4,640 per patient achieving a clinically significant change in rapid gait speed.ConclusionImprovements in physical activity and rapid gait speed in the physical activity counseling group were obtained at a cost that represents a small fraction of patients' annual health care costs.
Life‐Space Assessment Predicts Hospital Readmission in Home‐Limited Adults
Authors: Fathi Roya , Bacchetti Peter , Haan Mary N. , Houston Thomas K. , Patel Kanan , Ritchie Christine S. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo describe the association between restricted life‐space and characteristics of community‐dwelling adults hospitalized for congestive heart failure (CHF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to estimate the effect of hospitalization on postdischarge mobility, and to determine whether baseline restricted life‐space predicts hospital readmission.DesignObservational.SettingUrban academic hospital that serves as a safety net for urban and rural populations with low resources and serves central and northern Alabama.ParticipantsIndividuals with CHF or COPD hospitalized from home (N = 478).MeasurementsThe Life‐Space Assessment (LSA) measures mobility by asking about movement in situations ranging from within one's dwelling to beyond one's town. LSA scores below 60 correspond to “restricted life‐space.” Baseline LSA scores before admission were measured during an index hospitalization; follow‐up LSA scores were determined over the telephone at 90 days. Participant characteristics were examined according to baseline restricted life‐space using the chi‐square test and Student's t‐test. Each characteristic's association with restricted life‐space was estimated uisng logistic regression.ResultsOf the participants, 372 (77.8%) were classified as having baseline restricted life‐space. Baseline restricted life‐space was associated with older age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.29 per decade, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17–1.42, P = .001), female sex (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.69–4.29, P < .001), African‐American race (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.00–2.41, P = .05), and having inadequate financial resources (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.22–3.38, P = .006). In the baseline unrestricted life‐space group, 49.5% (n = 49) had restricted life‐space at 90‐day follow‐up. Baseline restricted life‐space was associated with greater odds of 90‐day hospital readmission (unadjusted OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.00–2.70, P = .05; adjusted OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.04–2.85, P = .03).ConclusionBaseline restricted life‐space was associated with greater risk of hospital readmission within 90 days after hospital discharge. These findings suggest a need to customize the management of individuals hospitalized with CHF or COPD based on baseline life‐space level.
Trajectories of Weight Change and Predictors Over 18‐Month Weight Loss Treatment
Authors: Zheng Yaguang , Sereika Susan M. , Danford Cynthia A. , Imes Christopher C. , Goode Rachel Woodson , Mancino Juliet , Burke Lora E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundObesity research has typically focused on weight change patterns using the whole sample in randomized clinical trials (RCTs), ignoring subsets of individuals with varying weight change trajectories (e.g., continuing to lose, or maintaining weight). The purpose was to explore possible trajectories of weight change and their associated predictors.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of data from two RCTs using standard behavioral treatment for weight loss. Group‐based trajectory modeling was used to identify distinct classes of percent weight change trajectories over 18 months.ResultsThe sample (N = 338) was primarily female (85.2%), White (73.7 %), 45.7 ± 9.0 years old, with 15.6 ± 2.8 years of education. Three trajectory groups were identified: good responders (>15% weight loss), fair responders (5%–10% weight loss), and poor responders (<5% weight loss). The good responders had a significantly larger decrease in perceived Barriers to Healthy Eating subscale scores than the fair and poor responders (p < .01). Compared to the poor responders, there was a significant decrease in fat gram intake in the good responders (p = .01).ConclusionsGood responders differed from poor responders in decreasing their perceived barriers to healthy eating (e.g., managing emotions, social support, and daily mechanics of adopting a healthy diet) and reducing fat intake. Good responders differed from fair responders in perceived barriers to healthy eating.Clinical RelevanceClinicians need to focus on how we can assist those who are being unsuccessful in adopting some of the behaviors observed among those who have experienced successful weight loss and maintainers.
Chemotherapy‐induced alopecia management: Clinical experience and practical advice
Authors: Rossi Alfredo , Fortuna Maria Caterina , Caro Gemma , Pranteda Giulia , Garelli Valentina , Pompili Umberto , Carlesimo Marta 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundChemotherapy‐induced alopecia (CIA) is probably one of the most shocking aspects for oncological patients and underestimated by physicians. Among hair loss risk factors, there are treatment‐related aspects such as drug dose, administration regimen, and exposure to X‐rays, but also patient‐related characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, no guidelines are available about CIA management.Aims and methodsWith this study, based on literature background and our clinical experience, we would like to propose a list of actions in order to estimate the risk of hair loss before starting chemotherapy and to manage this condition before, during, and after drug administration and to create a sort of practical guide for dermatologists and oncologists.Results and conclusionThere is an urgent need for prospective studies to clarify the mechanistic basis of alopecia associated with these drugs and consequently to design evidence‐based management strategies.