bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children hospitalised with gastroenteritis before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Saidian Hamida , Daugberg Rie , Jensen Lise Heilmann , Schoos Ann‐Marie Malby , Rytter Maren Johanne Heilskov 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsThe COVID‐19 pandemic altered the pattern of many paediatric infections. We aimed to assess the incidence and characteristics of children hospitalised with gastroenteritis during the early and the late pandemic, relative to previous years.MethodsIn a retrospective study, we collected data from patient files of children aged 1 month to 5 years, admitted with gastroenteritis to a paediatric department in Denmark during January–June, of 2017 to 2021, comparing incidence rates and clinical features in the early pandemic (March to June 2020), and late pandemic period (January to June 2021), to similar pre‐pandemic months.ResultsIn the early pandemic, admission rates per 1000 children/month declined to 0.5 (95% CI: 0.3–0.6) from pre‐pandemic rates of 1.6 (95% CI: 1.4–1.7) (p < 0.0001) and increased in the late pandemic to 2.2 (95% CI: 1.9–2.6) (p = 0.006). Children admitted in the late pandemic period were older than those admitted previously.ConclusionA resurgence of gastroenteritis in children occurred in the spring of 2021, with higher hospital admission rates of children, who were older, but not more severely ill than previously.
Bridging the knowledge gap: past, present and future of antibiotic use for ureteral stents
Authors: Cornette Jasper , Lange Dirk , Chew Ben H. , Tailly Thomas 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the available literature on ureteric stent‐related infections, the use of antibiotics and bacterial colonisation to identify the current incidence of stent‐related infections, unveil knowledge gaps and generate potential hypotheses for future research.MethodsA literature review was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane and urological association websites identifying relevant English literature published between 1983 and January 2024.ResultsThere is a worldwide lack of guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis for stent placement, exchange or extraction. In patients with a negative preoperative urine culture undergoing ureteroscopy and stent placement, it may be considered to only provide prophylaxis in presence of risk factors. However, in pre‐stented patients a preoperative urine culture is important to guide prophylaxis during endourological surgery. During stent indwell time, antibiotic prophylaxis does not show any advantage in preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). There is no strong evidence to support the use of antibiotics at time of stent removal. In the absence of any clear evidence, management strategies for treating UTIs in patients with ureteric stents vary widely. Stent exchange could be considered to remove the biofilm as a potential source of bacteria. Stent culture can help to guide treatment during infection as urine culture and stent culture can differ.ConclusionIn terms of good antibiotic stewardship, urologists should be aware that unnecessary use of antibiotics provokes bacterial resistance. There is a great need for further research in the field of antibiotic prophylaxis and stent‐related infections to develop evidence that can help shape clear guidelines for this very common urological practice.
Origin and evolution of microvilli
Authors: Ansel Mylan , Ramachandran Kaustubh , Dey Gautam , Brunet Thibaut 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground InformationMicrovilli are finger‐like, straight, and stable cellular protrusions that are filled with F‐actin and present a stereotypical length. They are present in a broad range of cell types across the animal tree of life and mediate several fundamental functions, including nutrient absorption, photosensation, and mechanosensation. Therefore, understanding the origin and evolution of microvilli is key to reconstructing the evolution of animal cellular form and function. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on microvilli evolution and perform a bioinformatic survey of the conservation of genes encoding microvillar proteins in animals and their unicellular relatives.ResultsWe first present a detailed description of mammalian microvilli based on two well‐studied examples, the brush border microvilli of enterocytes and the stereocilia of hair cells. We also survey the broader diversity of microvilli and discuss similarities and differences between microvilli and filopodia. Based on our bioinformatic survey coupled with carefully reconstructed molecular phylogenies, we reconstitute the order of evolutionary appearance of microvillar proteins. We document the stepwise evolutionary assembly of the “molecular microvillar toolkit” with notable bursts of innovation at two key nodes: the last common filozoan ancestor (correlated with the evolution of microvilli distinct from filopodia) and the last common choanozoan ancestor (correlated with the emergence of inter‐microvillar adhesions).Conclusion and SignificanceWe conclude with a scenario for the evolution of microvilli from filopodia‐like ancestral structures in unicellular precursors of animals.
Single‐cell transcriptomic analysis of the senescent microenvironment in bone metastasis
Authors: Wang Shenglin , Ao Lu , Lin Huangfeng , Wei Hongxiang , Wu Zhaoyang , Lu Shuting , Liang Fude , Shen Rongkai , Zhang Huarong , Miao Tongjie , Shen Xiaopei , Lin Jianhua , Zhong Guangxian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBone metastasis (BM) is a mortality‐related event of late‐stage cancer, with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being a common origin for BM. However, the detailed molecular profiling of the metastatic bone ecosystem is not fully understood, hindering the development of effective therapies for advanced patients. In this study, we examined the cellular heterogeneity between primary tumours and BM from tissues and peripheral blood by single‐cell transcriptomic analysis, which was verified using multiplex immunofluorescence staining and public datasets. Our results demonstrate a senescent microenvironment in BM tissues of NSCLC. BM has a significantly higher infiltration of malignant cells with senescent characteristics relative to primary tumours, accompanied by aggravated metastatic properties. The endothelial‐mesenchymal transition involved with SOX18 activation is related to the cellular senescence of vascular endothelial cells from BM. CD4Tstr cells, with pronounced stress and senescence states, are preferentially infiltrated in BM, indicating stress‐related dysfunction contributing to the immunocompromised environment during tumour metastasis to bone. Moreover, we identify the SPP1 pathway‐induced cellular crosstalk among T cells, vascular ECs and malignant cells in BM, which activates SOX18 and deteriorates patient survival. Our findings highlight the roles of cellular senescence in modulating the microenvironment of BM and implicate anti‐senescence therapy for advanced NSCLC patients.
Psychometric properties of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale and culturally adapted or translated versions when used for infant populations internationally: A systematic review
Authors: Mendonça Bianca , Kong Michael , Coombs Alison , Kysh Lynn , Sargent Barbara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo systematically review the psychometric properties of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) when used for infant populations internationally, defined as infants not living in Canada, where the normative sample was established.MethodSeven databases were searched for studies that informed the psychometric properties of the AIMS and culturally adapted or translated versions in non‐Canadian infant cohorts.ResultsForty‐nine studies reported results from 11 663 infants representing 22 countries. Country‐specific versions of the AIMS are available for Brazilian, Polish, Serbian, Spanish, and Thai infant cohorts. Country‐specific norms were introduced for Brazilian, Dutch, Polish, and Thai cohorts. The original Canadian norms were appropriate for Brazilian, Greek, and Turkish cohorts. Across countries, the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the AIMS was generally sufficient, except for predictive validity. Sufficient structural validity was found in one study, responsiveness in one study, discriminant validity in four of four studies, concurrent validity in 14 of 16 studies, reliability in 26 of 26 studies, and predictive validity in only eight of 13 studies.InterpretationThe use of the AIMS with validated versions and norms is recommended. The AIMS or country‐specific versions should be used with caution if norms have not been validated within the specific cultural context.
Major structural congenital anomalies and causal pathways in people with cerebral palsy
Authors: Reid Susan M. , Hinwood Gina L. , Guzys Angela T. , Hunt Rod W. , Reddihough Dinah S. 
Published: September 2024

AimTo determine the proportion of persons with cerebral palsy (CP) with major congenital anomalies, factors associated with the presence of anomalies, body systems involved, potential contribution to CP aetiology, and causal pathway subgroups implicated.MethodThis population‐based, observational study involved a cohort of 2238 persons born in one Australian state between 1999 and 2017. Major congenital anomalies were classified as affecting cerebral, cardiac, or other body systems, with further categorization as single or multisystem. We determined the potential for anomalies to contribute to the development of CP across causal pathway subgroups that were broadly categorized as developmental or involving destructive brain insults.ResultsOf persons with CP, 23% had major congenital anomalies and 17% of the cohort had anomalies that potentially contributed to the development of CP. Consistent with higher odds of parental consanguinity, maternal grand multiparity, and dysmorphic features in the group with anomalies, 82% of pathogenic anomalies, present in 14% of the cohort, were cerebral and involved developmental causal pathways. Only 3% (predominantly severe cardiac anomalies) were related to destructive brain insults.InterpretationThe study provides context for the impact on rates of CP of preventive measures or other changes in incidence or management of congenital anomalies.
Thalamocortical dysconnectivity is associated with pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Mao Cuiping , Yang Huajuan , Dong Ting , Wang Sisi , Shi Zhibin , Guo Ruibing , Zhou Xiaoqian , Zhang Bo , Zhang Qiujuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that the morphology and function of the thalamus and cortex are abnormal in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, whether the thalamocortical network is differentially affected in this disorder is unknown. In this study, we examined functional and effective connectivity between the thalamus and major divisions of the cortex in 27 healthy controls and 27 KOA patients using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We also explored the topological features of the brain via graph theory analysis. The results suggested that patients with KOA had significantly reduced resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the thalamo–sensorimotor pathway; enhanced rsFC of the thalamo–medial/lateral frontal cortex (mFC/LFC), parietal, temporal and occipital pathways; reduced effective connectivity of the left sensorimotor‐to‐thalamus pathway; and enhanced effective connectivity of the right thalamus‐to‐sensorimotor pathway compared with healthy controls. The functional connectivity of the thalamo–sensorimotor and thalamo–mFC pathways was enhanced when patients performed the multisource interference task. Moreover, patients with KOA presented altered nodal properties associated with thalamocortical circuits, including the thalamus, amygdala, and regions in default mode networks, compared with healthy controls. The correlation analysis suggested a significant negative correlation between thalamo–mFC rsFC and pain intensity, between thalamo–sensorimotor task‐related connectivity and disease duration/depression scores, and a positive correlation between right frontal nodal properties and pain intensity in KOA patients. Taken together, these findings establish abnormal and differential alterations in the thalamocortical network associated with pain characteristics in KOA patients, which extends our understanding of their role in the pathophysiology of KOA.
Prediction of epilepsy after stroke: Proposal of a modified SeLECT 2.0 score based on posttreatment stroke outcome
Authors: Meletti Stefano , Cuccurullo Claudia , Orlandi Niccolò , Borzì Giuseppe , Bigliardi Guido , Maffei Stefania , Del Giovane Cinzia , Cuoghi Costantini Riccardo , Giovannini Giada , Lattanzi Simona 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe SeLECT 2.0 score is a prognostic model of epilepsy after ischemic stroke. We explored whether replacing the severity of stroke at admission with the severity of stroke after treatment at 72 h from onset could improve the predictive accuracy of the score.MethodsWe retrospectively identified consecutive adults with acute first‐ever neuroimaging‐confirmed ischemic stroke who were admitted to the Stroke Unit of the Ospedale Civile Baggiovara (Modena, Italy) and treated with intravenous thrombolysis and/or endovascular treatment. Study outcome was the occurrence of at least one unprovoked seizure presenting >7 days after stroke.ResultsParticipants included in the analysis numbered 1094. The median age of the subjects was 74 (interquartile range [IQR] = 64–81) years, and 595 (54.4%) were males. Sixty‐five (5.9%) subjects developed unprovoked seizures a median of 10 (IQR = 6–27) months after stroke. The median values of the original and modified SeLECT2.0 scores were 3 (IQR = 2–4) and 2 (IQR = 1–3). The modified SeLECT 2.0 score showed better discrimination for the prediction of poststroke epilepsy at 36, 48, and 60 months after stroke compared to the original score according to the area under time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves. The modified SeLECT 2.0 score had higher values of Harrell C and Somers D parameters and lower values of Akaike and Bayesian information criteria than the original score. The modified SeLECT 2.0 score produced more accurate risk predictions compared to the SeLECT 2.0 score at all evaluated time points from 12 to 60 months after stroke according to the Net Reclassification Index.SignificanceReplacing baseline with posttreatment stroke severity may improve the ability of the SeLECT 2.0 score to predict poststroke epilepsy.
Climate change vulnerability and conservation strategies for tertiary relict tree species: Insights from landscape genomics of Taxus cuspidata
Authors: Luo Yanjun , Qin Wei , Yan Yu , Yin Kangquan , Zang Runguo , Du Fang K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe unprecedented habitat fragmentation or loss has threatened the existence of many species. Therefore, it is essential to understand whether and how these species can pace with the environmental changes. Recent advantages in landscape genomics enabled us to identify molecular signatures of adaptation and predict how populations will respond to changing environments, providing new insights into the conservation of species. Here, we investigated the pattern of neutral and putative adaptive genetic variation and its response to changing environments in a tertiary relict tree species, Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc, which is distributed in northeast China and adjacent regions. We investigated the pattern of genetic diversity and differentiation using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) and seven nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs) datasets. We further explored the endangered mechanism, predicted its vulnerability in the future, and provided guidelines for the conservation and management of this species. RAD‐seq identified 16,087 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in natural populations. Both the SNPs and nSSRs datasets showed high levels of genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation in T. cuspidata. Outlier detection by FST outlier analysis and genotype‐environment associations (GEAs) revealed 598 outlier SNPs as putative adaptive SNPs. Linear redundancy analysis (RDA) and nonlinear gradient forest (GF) showed that the contribution of climate to genetic variation was greater than that of geography, and precipitation played an important role in putative adaptive genetic variation. Furthermore, the genetic offset and risk of non‐adaptedness (RONA) suggested that the species at the northeast edge may be more vulnerable in the future. These results suggest that although the species has maintained high current genetic diversity in the face of recent habitat loss and fragmentation, future climate change is likely to threaten the survival of the species. Temperature (Bio03) and precipitation (Prec05) variables can be potentially used as predictors of response of T. cuspidata under future climate. Together, this study provides a theoretical framework for conservation and management strategies for wildlife species in the context of future climate change.
The economic displacement of thousands of fishers in the Pantanal, Brazil: A telling story of small‐scale fisheries marginalization worldwide.
Authors: Fernando Adriana Maria Espinoza , Lopes Douglas Alves , Mateus Lúcia , Penha Jerry , Súarez Yzel Rondon , Catella Agostinho Carlos , Nunes André Valle , Arenhart Neusa , Chiaravalloti Rafael Morais 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA new policy in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil, aims to economically displace thousands of artisanal fishers from one‐third of the region. The legislation disregards several FAO Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainability in Small‐Scale Fisheries' guiding principles (SSF guidelines). Considering that 2024 marks the 10th anniversary of these guidelines, this policy represents a significant setback for fish and fisheries worldwide. In this paper, we show that the legislation is part of long‐term agenda against small‐scale fishers in the Pantanal, aiming to use narratives around overfishing to justify physical and economic displacements—albeit no empirical evidence showing impact on fish stocks. We also show that, as in many other small‐scale fisheries worldwide, overfishing narratives are, in fact, used to open space for industrial activities and large infrastructure projects. The Pantanal is a telling story of that, since the new legislation will likely open space for the construction of over 50 small hydroelectric dams in the Pantanal and surrounding area. We argue that, first, it is urgent to abolish the new legislation and promote a pro‐fishers agenda in the Pantanal to protect the region. However, since this is not unique for the region, it is critical to implement international programmes that celebrate and support local fisheries worlwide and avoid physical and economic displacements. Stands out turning SSF guidelines into international agreements, implementing citizens science programmes and expanding the fisher's tenure rights through innovative mechanizes of ownership. By better protecting local small‐scale fishers in the Pantanal and worldwide we are more likely to guarantee a sustainable future for ecosystems and its peoples.
6‐Thioguanine nucleotide levels are associated with infliximab but not adalimumab levels in inflammatory bowel disease patients on combination therapy
Authors: Yu Natalie , Lee Tanya , Tassone Daniel , Vogrin Sara , Phan Steven , Wu Damien M. , Zhang Jason , Wang Luke , Tjahyadi Jason , Dutt Krishneel , Liou Hana , Basnayake Chamara , Wright Emily , Niewiadomski Ola , Lust Mark , Schulberg Julien , Kamm Michael A. , Connell William , Thompson Alexander J. , Hilmi Ida , Raja Ali Raja A. , Wei Shu C. , De Cruz Peter , Friedman Antony B. , Moore Gregory T. , Van Langenberg Daniel , Ding Nik S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThiopurine co‐therapy with anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (anti‐TNFα) agents is associated with higher anti‐TNFα drug levels and reduced immunogenicity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).AimsWe aimed to evaluate the association between 6‐thioguanine nucleotide (6‐TGN) and anti‐TNFα levels and the optimal 6‐TGN threshold level associated with higher anti‐TNFα levels in combination therapy.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cross‐sectional multicentre study of patients with IBD on combination anti‐TNFα and thiopurine maintenance therapy between January 2015 and August 2021. Primary outcomes were infliximab and adalimumab levels. Secondary outcomes were antibodies to infliximab (ATI) or adalimumab (ATA). Univariable and multivariable linear regression were performed to identify variables associated with anti‐TNFα levels. Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to define the optimal 6‐TGN cut‐off levels associated with therapeutic anti‐TNFα levels.ResultsThe study included 743 paired 6‐TGN and anti‐TNFα levels (640 infliximab and 103 adalimumab). 6‐TGN levels were associated with infliximab levels, but not adalimumab levels, on univariable and multivariable regression. The optimal 6‐TGN cut‐off associated with therapeutic infliximab levels (≥5 mcg/mL) was 261 pmol/8 × 108 red blood cell (RBC) (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.57) for standard infliximab dosing and 227.5 pmol/8 × 108 RBC (AUC = 0.58) for escalated dosing. For therapeutic adalimumab levels (≥7.5 mcg/mL), the 6‐TGN cut‐off was 218.5 pmol/8 × 108 RBC (AUC = 0.59) for standard adalimumab dosing and 237.5 pmol/8 × 108 RBC (AUC = 0.63) for escalated dosing.Conclusion6‐TGN levels were weakly associated with infliximab but not adalimumab levels in combination therapy. 6‐TGN levels in the lower end of the therapeutic range (230–260 pmol/8 × 108 RBC) may be adequate to maintain higher infliximab levels, particularly with escalated infliximab dosing.