bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Outcomes of Medication Intervention Using the Screening Tool of Older Persons Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions Screening Tool to Alert Doctors to Right Treatment Criteria
Authors: Frankenthal Dvora , Israeli Avi , Caraco Yoseph , Lerman Yaffa , Kalendaryev Edward , Zandman‐Goddard Gisele , Lerman Yehuda 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo compare 24‐month outcomes of participants of a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) assigned to undergo a medication intervention of orally communicated recommendations based on Screening Tool of Older Persons potentially inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) and Screening Tool to Alert Doctors to Right Treatment (START) (intervention group) with outcomes of those assigned to undergo written medication review (control group).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingChronic care geriatric facility.ParticipantsOf 359 participants from a prospective RCT conducted between April 2012 and September 2013, 306 were evaluable for another 12‐month follow‐up.MeasurementsOutcomes at 24‐month follow‐up included quality of prescribing (assessed according to STOPP/START), hospitalizations, falls, costs of medications, and all‐cause mortality. Outcomes were compared with those reported at the beginning (baseline) and end (12‐month follow‐up) of the RCT.ResultsThere was a significant rise in potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) (P = .01) and potentially prescriptions omissions (PPOs) (P < .001) in the intervention group between 12 and 24 months, although the prevalence of PIPs was significantly lower in the intervention group (33.3%) than the control group (48.4%) at 24‐month follow‐up (P = .02). Costs of medications were significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group (P < .001) at 24‐month follow‐up. The average number of falls in both groups dropped significantly between baseline and study closure (P = .04 and P = .008, respectively). There was no significant difference in hospitalizations and mortality between the two groups at 24‐month follow‐up.ConclusionThe effect of an orally communicated medication intervention with the STOPP/START criteria on falls was maintained over time. Direct communication between pharmacists and prescribing physicians is more efficient than written medication review and is recommended every 6 months in geriatric facilities.
Variability of Delirium Motor Subtype Scale–Defined Delirium Motor Subtypes in Elderly Adults with Hip Fracture: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Scholtens Rikie M. , van Munster Barbara C. , Adamis Dimitrios , de Jonghe Annemarieke , Meagher David J. , de Rooij Sophia E. J. A. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo examine changes in motor subtype profile in individuals with delirium.DesignObservational, longitudinal study; substudy of a multicenter, randomized controlled trial.SettingDepartments of surgery and orthopedics, Academic Medical Center and Tergooi Hospital, the Netherlands.ParticipantsElderly adults acutely admitted for hip fracture surgery who developed delirium according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, for 2 days or longer (n = 76, aged 86.4 ± 6.1, 68.4% female).MeasurementsDelirium Motor Subtype Scale (DMSS), Delirium Rating Scale R98 (DRS‐R98), comorbidity, and function.ResultsMedian delirium duration was 3 days (interquartile range 2.0 days). At first assessment, the hyperactive motor subtype was most common (44.7%), followed by hypoactive motor subtype (28.9%), mixed motor subtype (19.7%), and no motor subtype (6.6%). Participants with no motor subtype had lower DRS‐R98 scores than those with the other subtypes (P < .001). The DMSS‐defined motor subtype of 47 (61.8%) participants changed over time. Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living, Charlson Comorbidity Index, cognitive impairment, age, sex, and delirium duration or severity were not associated with change in motor subtype.ConclusionMotor subtype profile was variable in the majority of participants, although changes that occurred were often related to changes from or to no motor subtype, suggesting evolving or resolving delirium. Changes appeared not be associated with demographic or clinical characteristics, suggesting that evidence from cross‐sectional studies of motor subtypes could be applied to many individuals with delirium. Further longitudinal studies should be performed to clarify the stability of motor subtypes in different clinical populations.
Disentangling the Influence of Socioeconomic Risks on Children's Early Self‐Control
Authors: Ng‐Knight Terry , Schoon Ingrid 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have shown that individual differences in self‐control emerge early in childhood and predict a range of important outcomes throughout childhood and adulthood. There is, however, less knowledge about the social origins of self‐control, including the mechanisms by which early socioeconomic adversity may lead to lower levels of self‐control. This study aimed to extend understanding of the link between socioeconomic adversity and self‐control by (a) testing which individual aspects of socioeconomic risk uniquely predict lower self‐control; (b) testing whether objective socioeconomic risk operates independently of, or via, subjective parental stress; and (c) examining the interplay of socioeconomic risk factors and individual differences in children's temperament as predictors of early self‐control.MethodData were from a UK population birth cohort of 18,552 children born in 2000 and 2001.ResultsMultiple individual socioeconomic risk factors have independent associations with children's self‐control, including low parental education, income, and occupational class; insecure housing tenure; and younger parenthood. Results point to independent additive effects of exposure to objective and subjective risk. There was evidence of mothers' subjective stress partially mediating objective socioeconomic risks but only weak evidence of hypothesized interaction effects between temperament and socioeconomic risk.ConclusionsResults were consistent with additive risk and bioecological perspectives.
The effects of soil compactness on the burrowing performance of sympatric eastern and hairy‐tailed moles
Authors: Lin Y.‐F. , Chappuis A. , Rice S. , Dumont E. R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBurrowing is an energetically costly form of locomotion that has evolved multiple times in mammals. Burrowing performance is associated with varying degrees of morphological specialization and is also affected by the characteristics of the substrate that animals burrow in. Moles (Talpidae) are well known for their specialized forelimbs and extreme dedication to life underground. In this study, we investigated how soil compactness affects burrowing performance in two sympatric mole species, eastern moles (Scalopus aquaticus) and hairy‐tailed moles (Parascalops breweri). We measured burrowing speed, the amount of soil moved, rate of soil transport, tunnel length, activity level and the tendency to burrow over long distances, and tested how these variables changed in response to loose, intermediate and compact soils. We found that increasing soil compactness impedes tunneling performance as evidenced by reduced burrowing speed, increased soil transport, shorter tunnels, shorter activity time and less time spent burrowing continuously. Eastern moles built longer tunnels than hairy‐tailed moles as soil compactness increased. This difference is linked to burrowing for longer times and distances, not higher burrowing speeds or rates of soil transport. Differences in performance between the two species may be associated with differences in the structure and extent of their burrow systems or the morphology of their forelimbs. They may also reflect preferences for loose (hairy‐tailed moles) or compact soils (eastern moles).
Identifying factors that influence stress physiology of the woylie, a critically endangered marsupial
Authors: Hing S. , Narayan E. J. , Thompson R. C. A. , Godfrey S. S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFaecal glucocorticoid metabolites are minimally invasive stress physiology indices that can be used to understand how animals respond to physical and/or psychological challenges (stressors) and inform how to optimize conservation management in view of these stressors. We investigated contextual biological, environmental and parasitological factors influencing variation in baseline faecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) concentration in a critically endangered marsupial, the woylie (syn. brush‐tailed bettong, Bettongia penicillata). Woylies have undergone a rapid and significant population decline, with environmental stressors exacerbating disease suggested to contribute to these ongoing declines. We conducted a longitudinal field study of 15 adult woylies (9 females, 6 males) in a captive, naturalistic facility. FCM concentration in faecal samples (n = 269) collected monthly over 20 months was quantified by enzyme immunoassay in parallel with measures of body condition, sex, season, female reproductive status and the presence of endoparasites and ectoparasites. Linear mixed effect modelling revealed a significant effect of season, sex, body condition index and nematode parasite status on FCM. Overall, mean FCM was lowest in summer and highest in autumn and winter, and females had higher mean FCM than males. There was a significant but weak negative association between body condition and FCM. When woylies were shedding oxyurid nematode eggs they had higher mean FCM compared to when they were not shedding. In future, knowledge of factors that influence FCM fluctuations in woylies may be considered when carrying out potentially stressful conservation interventions that may influence the future survival of this unique and threatened species.
Efficacy and safety of direct‐acting antivirals‐based antiviral therapies for hepatitis C virus patients with stage 4‐5 chronic kidney disease: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Tao , Qu Yundong , Guo Ying , Wang Yan , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of direct‐acting antivirals (DAA)‐based antiviral therapies for HCV patients with stage 4‐5 chronic kidney disease.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL on the Cochrane Library without time and language limitations. The search strategy used was “(End stage renal disease OR chronic kidney failure OR severe renal impairment OR chronic kidney disease OR dialysis) AND (sofosbuvir OR simeprevir OR grazoprevir OR elbasvir OR ombitasvir OR paritaprevir OR ritonavir OR dasabuvir OR daclatasvir OR asuparevir OR direct‐acting antiviral OR DAA)”. Sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12), adverse events (AEs) and/or serious adverse events (SAEs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled.ResultsEleven studies, comprising a total of 264 patients were included for our meta‐analysis. The pooled SVR12 rate were 93.2% (95% CI 89.9%‐95.9%, I2=0.0%), 89.4% (95% CI 82.0%‐95.0%, I2=0.0%) and 94.7% (95% CI 91.0%‐97.5%, I2=0.0%) in total population, patients with sofosbuvir‐based therapies and patients with non‐sofosbuvir‐based therapies respectively. For HCV genotype 1 patients, the pooled SVR12 rate was 93.1% (95% CI 88.3%‐96.7%, I2=20.0%). The pooled incidence of SAEs was 12.1% (95% CI 6.2%‐19.7%, I2=55.0%). The pooled discontinuation rate because of AEs or SAEs in our meta‐analysis was 2.2% (95% CI 0.8%‐4.4%, I2=0.0%).ConclusionsDAA‐based antiviral therapies are effective and well‐tolerated for HCV patients with stage 4‐5 chronic kidney disease.
Direct‐acting antivirals combination for elderly patients with chronic hepatitis C: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Ciaccio Antonio , Cortesi Paolo A. , Bellelli Giuseppe , Rota Matteo , Conti Sara , Okolicsanyi Stefano , Rota Monica , Cesana Giancarlo , Mantovani Lorenzo G. , Annoni Giorgio , Strazzabosco Mario 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundChronic hepatitis C (CHC) has been undertreated among elderly patients. Interferon‐free treatment represents an opportunity for these patients. The aim of this study was to assess the cost‐effectiveness of directly acting antivirals (DAAs) in CHC elderly patients.MethodsA Markov model of CHC natural history was built. This study focuses on CHC patients older than 65 years, stratified according to genotype (1/4, 2 and 3), liver fibrosis (METAVIR F1 to F4), age and frailty phenotype (robust, pre‐frail and frail). DAAs combination vs no treatment was simulated for each theoretical population, assessing life years, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), costs, incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) in a lifetime time horizon and by the Healthcare System perspective.ResultsIncremental cost‐effectiveness ratio increased with age and frailty status in all fibrosis stages. For robust F3 and F4 patients ICERs remained below the willingness‐to‐pay threshold (WTP) of 40 000€/QALY up to age 75 and 86 years, respectively, depending on drug price and sustained virological response probability (sensitivity analysis). Notably, in F4 and frail subjects older than 75 years, ICER was more sensitive to non‐liver‐related mortality rate. In elderly F1 and F2 patients, ICERs were below WTP only up to 77 years old, with wide variability among frailty phenotypes.ConclusionsCost‐effectiveness of DAAs treatment of elderly CHC patients is solid in those with advanced fibrosis, but it depends strongly on frailty status and age, particularly in patients with milder fibrosis stages. Accurate assessment of clinical variables, including frailty, is necessary to allocate limited resources to this special population.
Time‐trends in incidence and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in Denmark: A nationwide register‐based cohort study
Authors: Jepsen Peter , Andersen Mette W. , Villadsen Gerda E. , Ott Peter , Vilstrup Hendrik 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsThere are no recent data on incidence or survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Denmark. We examined current HCC epidemiology.MethodsWe used data from nationwide registries to identify all Danish citizens diagnosed with HCC in 1994‐2016. We computed annual standardized incidence rates for the entire 1994‐2016 period, and we compared survival for patients diagnosed in 2004‐2014; data on HCC stage were available for that period alone and coded according to the TNM classification.ResultsThe incidence rate for 1994‐2016 was 3.7 (95% CI 3.6‐3.8) per 100 000 population per year. It was stable around 3.0 in 1994‐2007, climbed steadily to 5.7 in 2008‐2011, and remained high in 2012‐2016. The proportion of non‐cirrhotic patients with HCC was 21%, with a slightly decreasing time trend. Median survival time rose from 2.7 months in 2004‐2006 to 7.7 months in 2013‐2014, but only patients with early HCC (stage I or II HCC or a “probably early HCC”) saw improvements after 2007 (confounder‐adjusted mortality hazard ratio for 2013‐2014 vs 2007‐2009=0.67, 95% 0.50‐0.90). The proportion of patients with early HCC rose from 17% in 2004‐2006 to 30% in 2013‐2014.ConclusionsHCC incidence increased between 2007 and 2011. Concurrently, the HCC stage at diagnosis and patient survival improved. The likely reasons for the changes include easier access to HCC workup, changing diagnostic criteria for HCC, increased prevalence of risk factors for HCC, and improved treatment of patients with HCC.
Adriatic ‘opisthobranchs’ (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): shedding light on biodiversity issues
Authors: Zenetos Argyro , Mačić Vesna , Jaklin Andrej , Lipej Lovrenc , Poursanidis Dimitris , Cattaneo‐Vietti Riccardo , Beqiraj Sajmir , Betti Federico , Poloniato Diego , Kashta Lefter , Katsanevakis Stelios , Crocetta Fabio 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe herein review the Adriatic opisthobranch fauna, provide an updated checklist of 223 species and assess their distribution at regional and country levels. New Adriatic records are provided for 67 opisthobranch taxa, adding three new records for the Italian coastline, five new records for Albania, eight for Croatia and 15 for Montenegro. The presence of Hermaea bifida (Montagu, 1815), Hermaea variopicta (Costa A., 1869) and Facelina annulicornis (Chamisso & Eysenhardt, 1821) is reported for the first time from anywhere in the Adriatic Sea. Including the new findings, our inventory includes 28 species from Albania, 163 from Croatia, 178 from the Italian coastline of the Adriatic, 41 from Montenegro and 74 from Slovenia. No records were available from Bosnia and Hercegovina. Ninety species (40.4%) are widespread, and were recorded from all three main divisions (Northern, Western and Eastern Adriatic), whilst 79 species (35.4%) were reported from only one of them. At sub‐division levels, the Albanian inventory is the most dissimilar to the other country/regional lists, presumably because of the lack of targeted field surveys. The highest similarity is observed amongst the Western Adriatic, Croatia and the Italian Ionian coastline. Seven alien, one possible alien and three cryptogenic opisthobranchs were reliably recorded from the Adriatic Sea. The first Mediterranean records of five species were in the Adriatic Sea, of which four species have not been found elsewhere in the Mediterranean. Shipping and aquaculture are the probable pathways for most of the alien species. A steady rate of one to two alien introductions per decade since the 1970s was evident. The Northern Adriatic coasts are the most affected by alien invasions, probably due to repeated local introductions along with shellfish transfers (oysters, mussels, Manila clams), and heavy maritime transport.
Clinical Significance of J Waves in Patients Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia for Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: HARHASH AHMED , GUSSAK IHOR , CASSUTO JAMES , WINTERS STEPHEN L. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundHypothermia is associated with the development of J waves. However, little is known about the impact of these electrocardiogram (ECG) findings on the development of ventricular arrhythmias and patient outcomes during therapeutic hypothermia (TH) postresuscitation from out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We investigated the prevalence of J waves in OHCA patients prior to and during TH. Additionally, we explored the incidence of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and in‐hospital mortality for patients with and without J waves either at baseline, during TH, or both.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who suffered OHCA and underwent TH (goal temperature of 32–34°C). Fifty‐nine patients were stratified dependent upon the presence of or the development of J waves on surface ECGs. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression modeling were used to assess the population differences and mortality, respectively, between patients who developed J waves during TH and those who did not.ResultsThere was no difference in the development of in‐hospital atrial or ventricular arrhythmias between patients with J waves present during TH (16%) and those without (17.6%, P = 0.834). Compared to patients without J waves at baseline and during TH, those with J waves present both at baseline and during TH had significantly worse survival (hazard ratio = 12.42, P = 0.046).ConclusionsWhile J waves are common ECG findings during TH in patients resuscitated from OHCA, our study demonstrated an increase in mortality for patients with J waves present both at baseline and during TH.
ICD‐ON Registry for Perioperative Management of CIEDs: Most Require No Change
Authors: GIFFORD JANET , LARIMER KAREN , THOMAS CELIA , MAY PATRICIA 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundThere is significant variability in the perioperative management of patients with cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIEDs) undergoing procedures requiring electrosurgery.MethodsWe performed a multicenter registry from February 2014 to August 2015 at three suburban Chicago hospitals. Patients with transvenous CIEDs undergoing procedures requiring electrosurgery were assigned to one of three groups: (1) reprogram, (2) magnet, or (3) no change. Subjects with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) or those pacemaker dependent having surgical procedures within 6 inches of their CIED were assigned to the reprogram group, whereby ICD therapies were programmed off with asynchronous pacing if pacemaker dependent. Subjects with ICDs ≥ 6 inches from their surgical site but above the iliac crest were assigned to the magnet group. All others were in the no change group. We evaluated electromagnetic interference (EMI) and postoperative device reset based on surgical location.ResultsAll patients (n = 331) had pectoral CIEDs with mean age 73 years, 65% male, ejection fraction 56% for pacemaker subjects, 35% for ICD subjects with 22% pacemaker dependent. Assignments were n = 52 (16%) reprogram group, n = 51 (15%) magnet group, and n = 228 (69%) no change. There was EMI in 45% of thoracic cases, 35% of head/neck, 15% of upper extremity, and 3% of abdominal cases above iliac crest. There was no EMI in procedures below the iliac crest. There were no inappropriate therapies or device reset.ConclusionResults of the ICD‐ON protocol demonstrate safe and efficient management of patients with CIEDs based on electrosurgery location, with 69% requiring no reprogramming or magnet application.
New insights of red light‐induced development
Authors: Viczián András , Klose Cornelia , Ádám Éva , Nagy Ferenc 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe red/far‐red light absorbing photoreceptors phytochromes regulate development and growth and thus play an essential role in optimizing adaptation of the sessile plants to the ever‐changing environment. Our understanding of how absorption of a red/far‐red photon by phytochromes initiates/modifies diverse physiological responses has been steadily improving. Research performed in the last 5 years has been especially productive and led to significant conceptual changes about the mode of action of these photoreceptors. In this review, we focus on the phytochrome B photoreceptor, the major phytochrome species active in light‐grown plants. We discuss how its light‐independent inactivation (termed dark/thermal reversion), post‐translational modification, including ubiquitination, phosphorylation and sumoylation, as well as heterodimerization with other phytochrome species modify red light‐controlled physiological responses. Finally, we discuss how photobiological properties of phytochrome B enable this photoreceptor to function also as a thermosensor.
Can Conversational Interviewing Improve Survey Response Quality Without Increasing Interviewer Effects?
Authors: West Brady T. , Conrad Frederick G. , Kreuter Frauke , Mittereder Felicitas 
Published: December 2016

Summary
Several studies have shown that conversational interviewing (CI) reduces response bias for complex survey questions relative to standardized interviewing. However, no studies have addressed concerns about whether CI increases intra-interviewer correlations (IICs) in the responses collected, which could negatively impact the overall quality of survey estimates. The paper reports the results of an experimental investigation addressing this question in a national face-to-face survey. We find that CI improves response quality, as in previous studies, without substantially or frequently increasing IICs. Furthermore, any slight increases in the IICs do not offset the reduced bias in survey estimates engendered by CI.