bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibición de la expresión del sistema agr de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina mediante el uso de polifenoles totales de hojas de aguacate mexicano (Persea americana var. drymifolia)
Authors: García Moreno Miguel Angel , De la Garza Ramos Myriam Angélica , Martínez Ávila Guillermo Cristian Guadalupe , Gutiérrez Diez Adriana , Ojeda Zacarías Ma Del Carmen , Aguirre-Arzola Victor Eustorgio 
Published: May 2017

La resistencia a los antibióticos por parte de las bacterias está provocando gran impacto negativo en la salud humana y en la producción animal. Actualmente, Staphylococcus aureus es considerada dentro de los seis principales grupos bacterianos con mayores reportes de aparición de resistencia a nivel mundial. Por otro lado, durante décadas las plantas de uso medicinal han sido fuente importante de compuestos bactericidas; sin embargo, también se ha empezado a documentar otras moléculas con otros mecanismos antimicrobianos, como es la inhibición de la percepción de quórum (anti-percepción de quórum (APQ)). En la medicina tradicional mexicana las hojas de aguacate mexicano (Persea americana var drymifolia) han sido empleadas para tratar diversos padecimientos que involucran infecciones bacterianas, por lo que es factible contenga compuestos que posean efectos antioxidantes, bactericidas y APQ, que ayuden a combatir las infecciones de cepas resistentes. De tal manera, que el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de los polifenoles totales de las hojas de Persea americana var. drymifolia y su actividad APQ sobre cepas de S. aureus resistentes a meticilina (MRSA). Métodos: Se obtuvieron los polifenoles presentes en las hojas de 18 cultivares de aguacate mexicano mediante extracción asistida por ultrasonido y fueron purificados en una columna de amberlita. Estos polifenoles fueron analizados funcionalmente y evaluados contra cepas de S. aureus MRSA para determinar su efecto APQ sobre el sistema denominado Agr.Resultados: Los polifenoles extraídos de las hojas de aguacate de raza mexicana exhiben una fuerte actividad bactericida. De los 18 cultivares probados, la variedad María Elena fue la que presentó el mayor efecto, exhibiendo una CMI de 116 μg∙mL-1 y un CMB de 133 μg∙mL-1 contra la cepa de MRSA μ3. Sin embargo, también logran inhibir los niveles de expresión del operón agr (P2 y P3) con respecto al gen constitutivo de rDNA 16S. De igual manera, los polifenoles mostraron una buena actividad antioxidante, además de que se logró identificar la presencia de flavonoides y saponinas.Discusión y Conclusión: Los polifenoles extraídos de las hojas de aguacate mexicano, exhiben principalmente actividad bactericida, pero también inhiben la expresión de genes asociados a la percepción de quórum de cepas de S. aureus MRSA. De igual manera, presentan una buena actividad antioxidante, lo que en conjunto puede ayudar a contrarrestar las infecciones con cepas resistentes de manera más eficiente. Por lo tanto, las hojas de aguacate mexicano son una fuente importante de metabolitos antioxidantes, bactericidas y APQ.
Hypertension and Risk of Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Feinkohl I. , Winterer G. , Pischon T. 
Published: May 2017

Background:Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs frequently after major surgery. Hypertension is well-established as a risk factor for age-related cognitive impairment, but it is unclear whether or not it also increases the risk of POCD.Objective:To evaluate the role of hypertension in POCD risk in a systematic review and meta-analysis.Method:PubMed, Ovid SP and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for longitudinal studies of adults undergoing surgery with reporting of hypertension, blood pressure and/or anti-hypertensive treatment associations with POCD as relative risks or odds ratios. Fixed-effects meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager (version 5.3).Results:Twenty-four studies on 4317 patients (mean age 63 years) were included. None of the studies had set out to assess hypertension as a risk factor for POCD. Hypertension was used as a categorical predictor throughout and only 2 studies adjusted for potential confounders. Across all 24 studies, hypertension was not significantly associated with POCD risk (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.93, 1.09;p=0.82), though among 8 studies with >75% males, we found hypertension associations with a 27% increased risk of POCD (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.07, 1.49;p=0.005).Conclusion:Our findings do not support the hypothesis that hypertension is a risk factor for POCD. However, since none of the studies included in our analysis were hypothesis-driven and most did not adjust for potential confounders, further systematic investigations are needed to evaluate the role of hypertension in the epidemiology of POCD.
Ecopsychology Elements in Environmental Education as to Strengthen Attitudes towards the environment
Authors: Kamidin Tiwi , Muda Azizi , Roslan Samsilah , Konting Mohd Majid 
Published: May 2017

This study assesses the effects of inception ecopsychology elements in an environmental education as to strengthen the attitudes towards the environment among teacher trainees based on the affective learning domain. A mixed method design was used to evaluate the effects of the inception ecopsychology element in environmental education. Initial findings showed that there was a significant difference on attitudes towards environment between experimental and control groups. Qualitative findings also showed that the respondents from the experimental groups believed they were considered to have changed after participating in the class. Findings from this study suggested that the implementation of environmental education should incept ecopsychology elements.
The Portrayal of a City’s Image by Young People
Authors: Suthasupa Supagtra. 
Published: May 2017

It has been noted that young people are better at abstract thinking than adults; therefore, this paper investigates how young people portray the image of a city. Architecture students, aged 19 to 21, were selected to participate in the study, to assess their views on a part of the Bangkok Metropolitan Area, running from Silpakorn University to the Southern Bus Station. Each student was required to draw a map to help a traveler who wants to go to the Southern Bus Station. The results show that several representations styles are used by the students in order to explain their mental images to other people.
Aproximación al acoso laboral desde la legislación comparada
Authors: Morales Ramírez María Ascensión 
Published: May 2017

Las conductas abusivas que se dan en el ámbito de las relaciones en el trabajo han cobrado importancia en estudios de diversas disciplinas. Sin embargo, al ser un fenómeno cuya problematización es de carácter laboral y que cada día es más frecuente, sus causas y consecuencias han sido consideradas por las instancias jurídicas internacionales y nacionales para su tratamiento legal. Por ello, resulta interesante identificar el papel jugado por el derecho respecto de esta temática, tanto en el hecho de su regulación como en el de su combate. En forma específica, se necesita revisar el desarrollo jurídico ocurrido en las últimas décadas, y determinar tanto el enfoque como el grado alcanzado a la luz de los documentos de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo, la Unión Europea y América Latina.
EKPLORASI MODEL SANITASI KOMUNAL BAGI MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN DESA PINGGIR PAPAS
Authors: Fansuri Subaidillah 
Published: May 2017

Pemerintah telah membangun sanitasi komunal di pemukiman padat daerah pesisir dengan tujuan untuk mengkomunalkan sarana mandi, cuci, dan kakus agar limbahnya mudah dikendalikan dan pencemarannya dapat di batasi, serta dapat memudahkan pengadaan air bersih. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya kesadaran masarakat tentang limbah atau sampah yang selalu di buang dimana saja sehingga sulit untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan.Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Sikap, PemanfaatanSanitasi Komunal
Vertically transmitted symbionts as mechanisms of transgenerational effects
Authors: Gundel Pedro E. , Rudgers Jennifer A. , Whitney Kenneth D. 
Published: May 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:A transgenerational effect occurs when a biotic or abiotic environmental factor acts on a parental individual and thereby affects the phenotype of progeny. Due to the importance of transgenerational effects for understanding plant ecology and evolution, their underlying mechanisms are of general interest. Here, we introduce the concept that inherited symbiotic microorganisms could act as mechanisms of transgenerational effects in plants.METHODS:We define the criteria required to demonstrate that transgenerational effects are microbially mediated and review evidence from the well‐studied, vertically transmitted plant–fungal symbiosis (grass–Epichloë spp.) in support of such effects. We also propose a basic experimental design to test for the presence of adaptive transgenerational effects mediated by plant symbionts.KEY RESULTS:An increasingly large body of literature shows that vertically transmitted microorganisms are common in plants, with potential to affect the phenotypes and fitness of progeny. Transgenerational effects could occur via parental modification of symbiont presence/absence, symbiont load, symbiont products, symbiont genotype or species composition, or symbiont priming. Several of these mechanisms appear likely in the grass–Epichloë endophytic symbiosis, as there is variation in the proportion of the progeny that carries the fungus, as well as variation in concentrations of mycelia and secondary compounds (alkaloids and osmolytes) in the seed.CONCLUSIONS:Symbiont‐mediated transgenerational effects could be common in plants and could play large roles in plant adaptation to changing environments, but definitive tests are needed. We hope our contribution will spark new lines of research on the transgenerational effects of vertically transmitted symbionts in plants.
First Millimeter Detection of the Disk around a Young, Isolated, Planetary-mass Object
Authors: Bayo Amelia , Joergens Viki , Liu Yao , Brauer Robert , Olofsson Johan , Arancibia Javier , Pinilla Paola , Wolf Sebastian , Ruge Jan Philipp , Henning Thomas , Natta Antonella , Johnston Katharine G. , Bonnefoy Mickael , Beuther Henrik , Chauvin Gael 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
OTS44 is one of only four free-floating planets known to have a disk. We have previously shown that it is the coolest and least massive known free-floating planet (∼12

) with a substantial disk that is actively accreting. We have obtained Band 6 (233 GHz) ALMA continuum data of this very young disk-bearing object. The data show a clear unresolved detection of the source. We obtained disk-mass estimates via empirical correlations derived for young, higher-mass, central (substellar) objects. The range of values obtained are between 0.07 and 0.63

(dust masses). We compare the properties of this unique disk with those recently reported around higher-mass (brown dwarfs) young objects in order to infer constraints on its mechanism of formation. While extreme assumptions on dust temperature yield disk-mass values that could slightly diverge from the general trends found for more massive brown dwarfs, a range of sensible values provide disk masses compatible with a unique scaling relation between

and M
* through the substellar domain down to planetary masses.
Binarity as the Solution to the Stellar Evolution Enigma Posed by NGC 6791
Authors: Carraro Giovanni , Benvenuto Omar G. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Binary evolution is investigated as the source for the extreme horizontal branch (EHB) stars in the old and metal-rich open cluster NGC 6791. Employing an updated version of our binary stellar evolution code, we demonstrate that EHB stars naturally emerge from the common-envelope phase. In sum, the binary model reproduces the observed (T
eff,

) and temporal properties of the EHB overdensity tied to NGC 6971, without needing an ad hoc and anomalous mass-loss prescription.
Health Literacy in a Social Context: Review of Quantitative Evidence
Authors: Sentell Tetine , Pitt Ruth , Buchthal Opal Vanessa 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Conceptual literature has consistently noted that health literacy exists within a social context. This review examined how the intersection of social context and health literacy has been operationalized in quantitative, empirical research.

Methods:
Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we searched seven databases, including PubMed and CINAHL (The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), using a range of potentially relevant keywords, and we hand-searched bibliographies. Inclusion criteria were quantitative studies of any design in which measurement of health literacy and measurement of social context intersected. We identified 1,052 unduplicated articles; 34 met inclusion criteria.

Key Results:

We found three distinct perspectives on the intersection between health literacy and social context. Most common (
n
= 23) were studies measuring an
association
between individual health literacy and individual social capital, social support, or social engagement, particularly whether social support varied by health literacy and/or if this relationship mediated health outcomes. Another group of studies (
n
= 6) took the perspective that being health literate by
definition
included social context, including access to and/or use of social support as a domain in individual health literacy assessment. Five studies considered the social context of health literacy as an independent
property
measured beyond the individual level; two measured community-level health literacy and three measured health literacy capacity/concordance in caregiving dyads. The studies showed significant definitional and measurement complexity and overlap. In the most dramatic example, a similar question was used across various studies to measure (1) health literacy, (2) a social support domain in health literacy, (3) social support, and (4) a study outcome distinct from, but associated with, health literacy. Potential useful methods, such as social network analyses, were missing from the literature.

Discussion:

Existing quantitative research on health literacy in a social context supports more attention to this topic. This review quantified evidence, revealed gaps, noted limitations, and identified important questions for future research.

[
Health Literacy Research and Practice

.
2017;1(2):e41–e70.]

Plain Language Summary:
This study systemically compiles existing quantitative empirical research (34 articles) focusing on the intersection of health literacy in the social context. We find considerable measurement complexity in the current body of work on this topic and identify three distinct perspectives that researchers have taken while considering this topic. This information will be useful for future development of this important research area.
Méta-usages du numérique chez le manager : Nouveaux enjeux pour les formations dans l’enseignement supérieur
Authors: MOCQUET Bertrand , Rouissi Soufiane 
Published: May 2017

Convaincus du rôle des universités dans le développement futur des organisations, nous porterons notre regard dans cet article sur les nouveaux enjeux de formation dans l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche (ESR) pour prendre en compte la transformation numérique qui s’opère dans la société. Nous constatons deux mouvements combinés sur les usages du numérique dans les organisations publiques ou privées : l’aisance des usagers des services numériques des organisations et l’apparition de nouveaux managers qui disposent de compétences qui témoignent d’usages personnels et avérés du numérique. Dans un contexte de transformation numérique, nous nous interrogerons sur les nouvelles compétences dont doivent disposer les managers pour permettre à leur organisation de réussir ce changement. En nous appuyant sur les travaux de Serge Proulx autour des usages du numérique, nous établirons une proposition de concept, celui de méta-usage du numérique. Notre recherche prend également appui sur une enquête auprès de managers à partir d’un échantillon de type volontaire et nous tenterons de démontrer qu’il est possible de construire de nouvelles formations à partir de l'énoncé de ce concept.
Regulatory Eosinophils Suppress T Cells Partly through Galectin-10
Authors: Lingblom Christine , Andersson Jennie , Andersson Kerstin , Wennerås Christine 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Eosinophils have the capacity to regulate the function of T cell subsets. Our aim was to test the hypothesis of the existence of a regulatory subset of eosinophils. Human eosinophils were incubated with T cells that were stimulated with allogeneic leukocytes or CD3/CD28 cross-linking. After 2 d of coculture, 11% of the eosinophils gained CD16 expression. A CD16hi subset of eosinophils, encompassing 1–5% of all eosinophils, was also identified in the blood of healthy subjects. FACS sorting showed that these CD16hi eosinophils were significantly stronger suppressors of T cell proliferation than were conventional CD16neg eosinophils. Human eosinophils contain stores of the immunoregulatory protein galectin-10. We found that Ab-mediated neutralization of galectin-10 partially abrogated the suppressive function of the eosinophils. Moreover, recombinant galectin-10 by itself was able to suppress T cell proliferation. Finally, we detected galectin-10–containing immune synapses between eosinophils and lymphocytes. To conclude, we describe a subset of suppressive eosinophils expressing CD16 that may escape detection because CD16-based negative selection is the standard procedure for the isolation of human eosinophils. Moreover, we show that galectin-10 functions as a T cell–suppressive molecule in eosinophils.
Micro-enterprise predicament in township economic development: Evidence from Ivory Park and Tembisa
Authors: Charman Andrew 
Published: May 2017

Background: In South Africa, the idea that the township economy needs to be ‘revitalised’ has begun to gain significant political traction. The Gauteng provincial government has responded to this challenge by setting out a strategy that promises to channel resources and create opportunities for micro-enterprises. The paper responds to development interventions such as this through interrogating the nature of the challenges facing micro-enterprises that need to be overcome in South African townships.Aim: In response to the developmental need to stimulate micro-enterprise growth in South African townships, the paper poses the question: what approaches are most likely to have a positive impact on township businesses, given current micro-enterprise dynamics?Setting: Primary research was undertaken in two neighbouring townships in Gauteng province, in Ivory Park and Tembisa.Methods: The data comprises a geospatial census of enterprise activities, a survey of select firms and qualitative interviews with business owners. The research utilised a small-area census approach to obtain data on business activities within an area of approximately 2km2 in each site. The census enumerated 2509 micro-enterprises in Ivory Park and 1722 micro-enterprises in Tembisa. Firm interviews were conducted with business owners in four sectors: grocery retail, liquor retail, hair care and early childhood development centres.Results: The business census identifies a strong similarity in the structure of the townships’ informal micro-entrepreneurship despite the considerable differences in the socio-economic status of the respective case sites. The enterprise survey highlights the resource constraints of township businesses and thinness of local markets. Interviews with entrepreneurs reveal four main pathways through which individuals enter into self-employment with the most dynamic enterprises established by inward investing entrepreneurs. Spatial considerations exert an influence on the position of enterprise sectors, whilst access to land and business infrastructure are notable constraints.Conclusion: Reflecting on the evidence, the paper concludes with making a call for a more low-geared development approach, focusing on lessening the legal, institutional and regulatory obstacles to enterprise growth as a first step. Municipalities have an important role in liberalising the spaces and places where township informal enterprises can and should be permitted to trade as well as creating a more favourable business environment. The challenges of crime and finance demand more purposeful action from the national government.
A Replication of Four Quasi-Experiments and Three Facts from ‘The Effect of File Sharing on Record Sales: An Empirical Analysis’ (Journal of Political Economy, 2007)
Authors: Liebowitz Stan J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The influential piracy paper by Professors Oberholzer-Gee and Strumpf, although mainly based on proprietary data, contained an “important complement” to the main results, consisting of four “quasi-experiments” using publicly available data. This replication examines all of these quasi-experiments by using identical data and statistical methods where possible, as well as sometimes extending or augmenting the data or methods. This study concludes that the quasi-experiments performed by OS each contain important errors, oversights or inconsistencies that most often, but not completely, overturn the results claimed in the original OS article.
Desarrollo de Formulado para Teñido Orgánico con Añil
Authors: González José A. , Bernal Patricia G. , Linares Delmi , Crown Elizabeth M. 
Published: May 2017

<p>Una investigación ha sido conducida para el desarrollo de un formulado orgánico en el teñido con añil de telas de fibras naturales, el cual sea amigable al medio ambiente, y con cero impacto en la salud de los y las teñidoras. La investigación acá reportada encontró que es posible teñir telas de fibras 100% de algodón con un proceso enteramente orgánico, en donde los componentes del formulado son productos naturales que no causan ningún impacto negativo al medio ambiente, como se detalla a continuación: Afrecho de trigo y melaza como agentes reductores y cal hidratada como agente de control de la alcalinidad. Como se puede observar a continuación, se establecieron los parámetros ideales en la concentración de cada uno de los componentes: tamaño mínimo del baño, orden de mezcla de los componentes, protocolos de los procesos de fermentación y de teñido. Los resultados de teñido demostraron que con el formulado orgánico establecido se pueden teñir telas de 100% algodón con buena solidez al lavado y al frote, con muy poco sangrado posterior de las telas por excedentes de colorante añil.</p><p><span><span>Realidad y Reflexión Año 12, N° 36, Septiembre-Diciembre 2012</span>: 41-68</span></p>
Temáticas y enfoques para la difusión del conocimiento ambiental en las universidades de El Salvador
Authors: Valencia Granados Jorge Arnoldo 
Published: May 2017

<p>El Salvador necesita de una difusión coherente y unificada del análisis técnico de la problemática ambiental. Esto constituye un imperativo estratégico para el país, dada su vulnerabilidad reflejada en los índices ambientales recientes.<br />Este artículo propone un modelo multinivel con respecto a temas ambientales, que puede ser incorporado en la educación superior local. Los niveles son el país, la industria, el sector empresarial y personal. Aunque su difusión debe cubrir todas las carreras universitarias de diferentes maneras, se propone al menos cuatro temas que deben ser explorados: Marketing Verde, Producción Más Limpia, Fuentes de Energías Renovables y Logística Inversa.</p><p><span>Realidad y Reflexión Año 16, N° 44, Julio-Diciembre 2016: 48-59</span></p>