bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A modelling study of the event-based retention performance of green roof under the hot-humid tropical climate in Kuching
Authors: Chai C. T. , Putuhena F. J. , Selaman O. S. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The influences of climate on the retention capability of green roof have been widely discussed in existing literature. However, knowledge on how the retention capability of green roof is affected by the tropical climate is limited. This paper highlights the retention performance of the green roof situated in Kuching under hot-humid tropical climatic conditions. Using the green roof water balance modelling approach, this study simulated the hourly runoff generated from a virtual green roof from November 2012 to October 2013 based on past meteorological data. The result showed that the overall retention performance was satisfactory with a mean retention rate of 72.5% from 380 analysed rainfall events but reduced to 12.0% only for the events that potentially trigger the occurrence of flash flood. By performing the Spearman rank's correlation analysis, it was found that the rainfall depth and mean rainfall intensity, individually, had a strong negative correlation with event retention rate, suggesting that the retention rate increases with decreased rainfall depth. The expected direct relationship between retention rate and antecedent dry weather period was found to be event size dependent.
Attributes, Performance, and Gaps in Current & Emerging Breast Cancer Screening Technologies
Authors: Ismail Hina M. , Pretty Christopher G. , Signal Matthew K. , Haggers Marcus , Chase J. Geoffrey 
Published: August 2017

Background:Early detection of breast cancer, combined with effective treatment, can reduce mortality. Millions of women are diagnosed with breast cancer and many die every year globally. Numerous early detection screening tests have been employed. A wide range of current breast cancer screening methods are reviewed based on a series of searchers focused on clinical testing and performance. </P><P> Discussion: The key factors evaluated centre around the trade-offs between accuracy (sensitivity and specificity), operator dependence of results, invasiveness, comfort, time required, and cost. All of these factors affect the quality of the screen, access/eligibility, and/or compliance to screening programs by eligible women. This survey article provides an overview of the working principles, benefits, limitations, performance, and cost of current breast cancer detection techniques. It is based on an extensive literature review focusing on published works reporting the main performance, cost, and comfort/compliance metrics considered.Conclusion:Due to limitations and drawbacks of existing breast cancer screening methods there is a need for better screening methods. Emerging, non-invasive methods offer promise to mitigate the issues particularly around comfort/pain and radiation dose, which would improve compliance and enable all ages to be screened regularly. However, these methods must still undergo significant validation testing to prove they can provide realistic screening alternatives to the current accepted standards.
Marijuana Use and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Young Adults
Authors: Ishida Julie H. , Auer Reto , Vittinghoff Eric , Pletcher Mark J. , Reis Jared P. , Sidney Stephen , Johansen Kirsten L. , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Peralta Carmen A. , Shlipak Michael G. 
Published: August 2017

Background and objectives
Marijuana use has become more widely accepted in the United States and has been legalized in many areas. Although it is biologically plausible that marijuana could affect kidney function, epidemiologic data are lacking.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a cohort study among young adults with preserved eGFR (i.e., eGFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. At scheduled examinations occurring every 5 years and starting at study year 10 (calendar years, 1995–1996), cystatin C was collected over a 10-year period, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio was collected over a 15-year period. We investigated the cross-sectional association between current and cumulative marijuana use (in marijuana-years; one marijuana-year equals 365 days of marijuana use) and eGFR by cystatin C (eGFRcys) at year 10. In longitudinal analyses, we investigated the association between cumulative marijuana use and eGFRcys change and rapid (≥3%/year) eGFRcys decline over two 5-year intervals and prevalent albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g) over a 15-year period.

Results
Past or current marijuana use was reported by 83% (3131 of 3765) of the cohort, and the mean eGFRcys was 111 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at year 10. Over the following 10 years, 504 had rapid eGFRcys decline, and over the following 15 years, 426 had prevalent albuminuria. Compared with no use, daily current use and ≥5 marijuana-years of cumulative use were associated with lower eGFRcys at year 10: −4.5% (95% confidence interval, −8.1 to −0.7%; P=0.02) and −3.0% (95% confidence interval, −5.6 to −0.4%; P=0.03), respectively. Marijuana use was not significantly associated with eGFRcys change, rapid eGFRcys decline, or prevalent albuminuria.

Conclusions
Although we identified a modest cross-sectional association between higher marijuana exposure and lower eGFRcys among young adults with preserved eGFR, our findings were largely null and did not demonstrate a longitudinal association between marijuana use and eGFRcys change, rapid eGFRcys decline, or prevalent albuminuria.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2017_08_24_CJASNPodcast_17_10.mp3
Comparative effectiveness of indacaterol/glycopyrronium in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Cazzola Mario , Rogliani Paola 
Published: August 2017

Indacaterol/glycopyrronium has been the first long-acting β
2
-agonist (LABA)/long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) fixed-dose combination to be approved as a maintenance treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Comparative effectiveness studies indicate that it is constantly superior to a LAMA or a LABA alone or even a LABA/inhaled corticosteroid combination, regardless of the drugs used. However, definitive data documenting the benefit of indacaterol/glycopyrronium fixed-dose combination over these consolidated therapies are still absent in a real-world setting, although the results of pivotal randomized controlled trials show that this is the case. Therefore, in addition to the large body of evidence already available supporting the use of indacaterol/glycopyrronium, pragmatic observational studies or
ad hoc
designed trials should be planned to collect data that could confirm the high effectiveness of indacaterol/glycopyrronium even in the real-life clinical practice.
Prevalence of Color Vision Deficiency among Students in Hajand and Amad High Schools in Shekhan City
Authors: Abdulrahman Masood Abdulkareem 
Published: August 2017

Color vision deficiency is a condition affecting human's ability to see or recognize specific colors. It is mostly genetic, X-linked recessive inheritance and thus, is more common among males than females. This cross sectional study was done to find the prevalence of color vision deficiency among high school students in Shekhan city and to find the relation of color vision deficiency with different races. The study has been conducted in two high schools that were present inside Shekhan city at the time of the study (Amad high school for males and Hajand high school for females). All students screened by using Ishihara 24 plates.640 students (283 males, 357 females) were screened. Students' age range (15-22 years), the Mean age for males17.50 years and for females 17.13 years. The prevalence of Color Vision Deficiency was 6.36% among males and 0.84% among females. The most common types of Color Vision Deficiency among males were deuteranomaly (10cases),protanomaly (5 cases), deuteranopia (2 cases) and protanopia (1 case). There was no significant difference between races and color vision deficiency. Similar to dyslexia, before it was well known and well understood, color vision deficiency is aninvisible disability and can lead to students becoming disappointment with learning or feeling that they are moronic or less cable than others. It can provide erroneous rules for learning and indeed, even influence how well they do in their exams and consecutively their choice of career.
Epidemiological parameter changes of global Avian Influenza H5N1 over two decades, from 1997 to 2017
Authors: Haji Ramand M. , Babakir-Mina Muhammed , Gubari Mohammed I. M. 
Published: August 2017

Influenza virus (H5N1) is highly contagious disease, which attacks the respiratory tract in humans. The deaths of six people in Hong Kong in 1997 from an H5N1 virus infection was the first indication that a purely avian influenza virus could cause respiratory disease and death in human. The aim of current study was to observe changes of epidemiological parameters of the infected patients, and the behaviour of virus outbreak over two decades of avian influenza virus (H5N1) from 1997 to April 2017. Data of the current study was obtained from WHO (World Health Organization) daily outbreak reports and then computerized and analyzed. It included 826 cases from 1997 to last case in April 2017 for this study. Most of the studied cases, their ages were less than 16 years (n=366), and spread in 16 countries, the top three countries prevalence were Egypt (n= 356), Indonesia (n= 175), and Vietnam (n=87) respectively. The most years of cases incidence were 2015 (n= 147) and 2006 (n=122). Most of cases were recorded in January (n=180), February (n=149), and March (n=143) respectively. Case fatality rates were 50.7%. In conclusion most cases were in second decade than first decade of (H5N1) outbreak, but death were more in first decade, Also most cases were in low temperature seasons and in very young children but death were more in adults. In first decade, morbidity were more in Asia countries like China, Vietnam, and Indonesia but in second decade, mortality were more in North Africa (Egypt). However, cases were more in Egypt than Indonesia but deaths were more in Indonesia. H5N1 virus must be currently studied and its controlling is highly requested.
Bacteriological Profile and Antibacterial Sensitivity Patterns of Isolates among Burn Patients in Sulaimani City
Authors: Rashid Kamal Jalal , Babakir-Mina Muhammed , Abdilkarim Dana Abdilmajid , Hama Rahim Bestun Ibrahim , Mohammed Sarko Masood 
Published: August 2017

Nosocomial infections have increasingly been implicated in transferring fatal septic complications in burn patients. Also multidrug resistant profiles of microorganisms are being increasingly found in burn wounds which are very much alarming due to the limited number effective antibacterial drugs. Retrospective data were collected from burn patients at Sulaimani Burn and Plastic Surgery Hospital between January 2013 and December 2015. Culture& sensitivity tests were performed using wound surface swabs and tissue culture over the three year period. Their results were collected in a predesigned digital form. Statistical analysis was done and results plotted. Out of 500 burn positive swabs samples were previously taken from hospitalized patients, the commonest bacterial isolate were gram-positive bacterial infection; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) 215(43%) followed by gram-negative bacterial infection; Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 95(19%) and 85 (17%). Vancomycin has no any resistant rate for all gram-positive bacteria followed, but Teicoplanin is the second best drug especially, for MRSA 8.4%. Imipenem and Meropenem are antibiotics with no or less resistant rates for most of gram negative bacteria. Resistance to antibiotics is rapidly increasing in our community and burn wounds are frequently infected by these multidrug resistant organisms. Careful antibiotic selection and effective control of these strains can be translated into lower morbidity and mortality for these patients.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Feedback and Load Compensation Techniques in Controlling the Disturbed State of Nominal-T Configuration
Authors: Ale Thomas Olabode 
Published: August 2017

Stability of Power system is the ability of a system, for a given initial operating condition, to regain a state of operating equilibrium after being subjected to a physical disturbance, with most system variables bounded so that practically the entire system remains intact. This research work stated clearly the effectiveness of the feedback and load compensation techniques in stabilizing a disturbed state of a medium transmission line using a Nominal-T configuration network. In order to achieve the set objectives, Osogbo - Akure transmission line data was obtained from Akure 132kV transmission substation. This configuration was modeled into transfer function and state space models, the compensator circuit which happens to be the phase lag circuit was also modeled. The transfer function model contained the line parameters extracted from this transmission substation logbook. A state space model was obtained from the transfer function model with a code written in MATLAB environment. The effectiveness of these compensation techniques were compared. The result revealed that load compensation technique offered a perfect compensation to unit step disturbance and unit impulse disturbance. While feedback compensation technique provides perfect compensation to unit impulse disturbance only.
Lírica hispánica de tipo popular. Edad Media y Renacimiento. Sel., pról. y notas de Margit Frenk Alatorre. Universidad Nacional Autónoma, México, 1966; xxix + 270 pp. (Col. Nuestros clásicos, 31).
Authors: Alvar Manuel 
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Lírica hispánica de tipo popular. Edad Media y Renacimiento. Sel., pról. y notas de Margit Frenk Alatorre.
Walter Poesse, Ensayo de una bibliografía de Juan Ruiz de Alarcón y Mendoza. Castalia, Valencia, 1964; xx + 85 pp. (Estudios de Hf, 4).
Authors: Millares Carlo Agustín 
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Ensayo de una bibliografía de Juan Ruiz de Alarcón y Mendoza.
Aproximaciones a la dicotomía público - privado en dos barrios de Tunja
Authors: García Diego Londoño 
Published: August 2017

Este artículo aborda una reflexión sobre la oposición que surge entre los conceptos público y privado, desde una perspectiva sociológica y urbanística, con el fin de aportar elementos de juicio para el análisis que se realizará en torno a la negación de lo público en la investigaciónUna mirada a la dicotomía público–privado: hacia la negación de lo público en las calles de los barrios Santa Inés y Los Muiscasde la ciudad de Tunja.Se presenta una síntesis del debate que se ha dado alrededor de estas nociones, a partir de las disertaciones más tradicionales atinentes a ellas hasta los desarrollos más recientes que se han generado en torno a la situación conflictiva que surge por el encuentro de las dos esferas. Se destaca la presencia del conflicto en manifestaciones de la vida cotidiana en los barrios mencionados de la ciudad de Tunja.Para la realización de este trabajo de reflexión se parte de los conceptos encontrados en la bibliografía estudiada, los cuales se comparan con las percepciones obtenidas por los investigadores del proyecto citado, en las visitas realizadas a los barrios objeto. Finalmente se extraen algunas conclusiones preliminares acerca de las manifestaciones de negación de lo público en cada barrio y las diferencias de tal negación en cada caso.
Tecnología moderna y construcción de paisaje. Caso de estudio: la República Liberal y la Ciudad Universitaria
Authors: Vinasco Ñustes Fabio Andrés 
Published: August 2017

El objetivo general del presente artículo de investigación es contribuir a la conformación de un acervo académico en torno a la idea de paisaje, partiendo de la influencia que señala la diferencia entre técnica y tecnología como una puntualización conceptual que permite entender la planeación moderna. Se abarca el caso de estudio de la ciudad universitaria latinoamericana, recurso fundamental para dar forma a un tipo específico de intervención sobre el paisaje en general y la ciudad colombiana en particular.Para expresar el impacto generado en nuestro paisaje, tenemos como punto de arranque una visión multidimensional del mismo en el que naturaleza, cultura y formas de explotación de recursos eco sistémicos conforman la unidad base de estudio, delimitando la investigación -de corte histórico hermenéutico- desde un estado del arte que toma la ciudad universitaria como un tipo particular de estructura institucional con un alto impacto urbano ambiental derivado de su capacidad de transformación, enmarcada en un proyecto modernizador propio de ciudades emergentes en la primera mitad del siglo XX. En dicho camino, una conclusión fundamental ha sido encontrar un vínculo efectivo entre la definición moderna de actuación urbana y el surgimiento de un imaginario particular de la república liberal latinoamericana que permitió la transformación de los centros urbanos heredados de la colonia. En tal vía, la idea de conectar el prestigio de la naciente ciudad moderna y sus herramientas de diseño urbano, con ciudades que necesitan su inclusión en un panorama de globalización –también incipiente- encontró en el desarrollo de este tipo de infraestructura una herramienta idónea. El desarrollo del urbanismo como ciencia y su acción con herramientas de diseño como tecnología del proyecto urbano implican una transformación de imaginarios en torno a la noción de paisaje.
Implementasi Pengamanan PGP Pada Platform Zimbra Mail Server
Authors: Pramana Hostiadi Dandy , Suradarma Ida Bagus 
Published: August 2017

Electronic mail is a communication model that is fundamental in the era of globalization. Proven on any form of registration data or information requires the presence of email address(electronic mail). The use of email itself cannot be separated from the abuse (such as stelling password and mail spoofing) from some parties so it needs security form in email communication. Communication security on mail server such as ZIMBRA mail server has been well-implemented, such as the use of ssl certificate. But the security is still standard. So, when user and password have been found out by third party, email content will be read easily (in cryptography technique it is called plaintext reading). On research that was conducted with pretty good privacy (PGP) method email communication security was focused on the email content by encrypting mail text along with the attachment file. In a study conducted, using the mail engine Zimbra mail server. Result of research shows that PGP security is able to secure email content whether the text or the attachment, showing difference of attachment file size is bigger on PGP using and change mail header from the standard mail.
Implementasi Keamanan Data Menggunakan Algoritma Rivest Code 4 (RC4) Pada Sistem Informasi Inventory Stock Barang Pada Distributor PT.Wings Food
Authors: Susanto Susanto 
Published: August 2017

Rivest code 4 (RC4) merupakan algoritma kriptografi modern kunci simetris yang mempunyai mode operasi stream chipper, sehingga dalam memproses data dan informasi pada saat tertentu serta menggunakan dua buah substitution box (s-box) berupa array dengan panjang permutasi 256 dan s-box kedua berupa permutasi yang merupakan fungsi dari kunci publik. Algoritma rivest code 4 digunakan untuk mengekripsi data, pesan atau informasi. Sistem informasi inventory stock barang pada distributor PT. Wings Food merupakan sistem yang memproses data barang masuk dan barang keluar, sehingga data yang tersimpan didalam database harus terjamin kerahasiaan dan keamanannya. Untuk menjaga keamanan data stock barang yang di simpan di dalam database, maka di kombinasikanlah dengan algoritma rivest code 4. Dengan demikian, data yang terenkripsi pada database tidak akan diketahui arti yang sebenarnya dan sulit untuk dirubah ataupun diganti. Kunci simetris yang digunakan untuk proses enkripsi dan deskripsi algoritma rivest code 4 pada sistem informasi inventory stock barang, dimasukkan ke dalam source code. Implementasi algoritma rivest code 4 dibuat dengan bahasa pemrograman Hypertext Preprocessor dan database menggunakan MySQL. Berdasarkan hasil, data yang tersimpan dalam database sistem informasi inventory stock barang pada distributor PT. Wings Food terenkripsi sehingga data yang tersimpan di dalam database tersebut terjamin kerahasiaan dan keamanannya serta data yang ditampilkannya tidak terenkripsi.
Buccal Monomorphic Adenoma: a case report
Authors: Bharat Bhushan Sharma , Bhardwaj Naveen , Sharma Shweta , Aziz Mir Rizwan , Dewan Sakshi , Nagger Seema 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Minor salivary gland benign tumors constitute a very small fraction of salivary gland tumors. The majority of monomorphic adenomas arise from the main salivary glands but rarely these can arise from the minor salivary glands of the buccal mucosa.

Case presentation:
We present 60-years old female who reported for the slow growing swelling on her right cheek for over three years. She was diagnosed of having monomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary gland after ultrasound (US), contrast enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies with additional confirmation by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).

Conclusion:
Dynamic contrast MRI played a key role in assessment of the mass for its benign nature before the surgical contemplation. This was also confirmed subsequently by the histopathology examination.
Adolescent fibroadenoma (Breast “Mouse”) – role of Radiology in assisting diagnosis: a case report
Authors: Sharma B B , Bhardwaj Naveen , Dewan Sakshi , Aziz Mir Rizwan 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Fibroadenomas are quite common benign lesions in the adolescent age group but it is a cause of concern for the individual and the family. These may remain asymptomatic or may present with pain. Aesthetic distortion of the breast symmetry may lead to psychosocial morbidity in adolescent females. The diagnosis is initially made by the ultra sound. Magnetic Resonance Imaging is done in some cases where the underlying pathology is in doubt.

Case presentation:
We present a 21 years old young female, university student who reported with complaints of a tender mass in the left breast. Ultrasound (US) of breast showed well circumscribed focus indicating benign nature of the lump. Patient was very anxious. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations proved the lesions as fibroadenomas.

Conclusion:
There is always dilemma for the correct evaluation of the breast lumps but with the help of available cross sectional radiological armamentarium, it is possible to come closer to the diagnosis.
Atypical Osteoid Osteoma of sacral region in pediatric age group: a case report
Authors: Sharma Shashi , Dewan Sakshi , Bhardwaj Naveen , Aziz Mir Rizwan , Singh Shilpa , Sharma Bharat Bhushan 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Osteoid osteomas are benign lesions of osteoblastic activity. These are frequently found in many instances where there is pain of unexplainable background. But many a times the entity is found as incidental finding while the patient is being evaluated for some other reason.

Case presentation:
We present 15 years old boy who reported for backache of two months duration. This used to get worsened at night time and with some relief with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Plain X-ray did not show any abnormality. The child underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which has given some clue for further evaluation by non-contrast computerized tomography (NCCT) of lumbosacral region. This had brought out the diagnosis which was subsequently confirmed by radio nuclear studies.

Conclusion:
Pediatric age group backache is rare phenomenon and thorough search is required to investigate the cause. Various imaging modalities often locate the pathology if evaluated properly. This helps in the management of the case.