bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of layout and atmospheric stability effects in wind farms using large‐eddy simulation
Authors: Ghaisas Niranjan S. , Archer Cristina L. , Xie Shengbai , Wu Sicheng , Maguire Eoghan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLarge‐eddy simulation (LES) has been used previously to study the effect of either configuration or atmospheric stability on the power generated by large wind farms. This is the first study to consider both stability and wind farm configuration simultaneously and methodically with LES. Two prevailing wind directions, two layouts (turbines aligned versus staggered with respect to the wind) and three stabilities (neutral and moderately unstable and stable) were evaluated. Compared with neutral conditions, unstable conditions led to reduced wake losses in one configuration, to enhanced wake losses in two and to unchanged wake losses in one configuration. Conversely, stable conditions led to increased wake losses in one, decreased wake losses in two and unchanged wake losses in one configuration. Three competing effects, namely, rates of wake recovery due to vertical mixing, horizontal spread of wakes and localized regions of acceleration caused by multiple upstream wakes, were identified as being responsible for the observed trends in wake losses. The detailed flow features responsible for these non‐linear interactions could only be resolved by the LES. Existing analytical models ignore stability and non‐linear configuration effects, which therefore need to be incorporated. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Review of Disintegration Mechanisms and Measurement Techniques
Authors: Markl Daniel , Zeitler J. Axel 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTPharmaceutical solid dosage forms (tablets or capsules) are the predominant form to administer active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to the patient. Tablets are typically powder compacts consisting of several different excipients in addition to the API. Excipients are added to a formulation in order to achieve the desired fill weight of a dosage form, to improve the processability or to affect the drug release behaviour in the body. These complex porous systems undergo different mechanisms when they come in contact with physiological fluids. The performance of a drug is primarily influenced by the disintegration and dissolution behaviour of the powder compact. The disintegration process is specifically critical for immediate-release dosage forms. Its mechanisms and the factors impacting disintegration are discussed and methods used to study the disintegrationin-situare presented. This review further summarises mathematical models used to simulate disintegration phenomena and to predict drug release kinetics.
The Intersection of Oncology Prognosis and Cancer Rehabilitation
Authors: Smith Sean Robinson , Zheng Jasmine Yiqian 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Purpose of review
This review examines the delivery of rehabilitation care to cancer patients with relation to disease prognosis. This includes the evaluation when patients are referred for rehabilitation services and the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions across the cancer continuum.

Recent findings
Although prognosticating life expectancy is difficult, referrals for rehabilitation interventions appear to be affected by physician attitudes towards patients with advanced disease, in part because of misconceptions about the nature of rehabilitation for oncology patients. Rehabilitation may also be underutilized in long-term survivors with no evidence of disease. Despite this, our review found that rehabilitation in advanced disease, end-of-life, geriatric cancer patients, and in long-term survivors can be beneficial. There is a relative dearth in studies on rehabilitation interventions specifically at the end-of-life.

Summary
Cancer rehabilitation can be helpful to patients along the spectrum of cancer prognoses. Examining more accurate ways to prognosticate life expectancy, improving communication and education between oncologists and rehabilitation team members, and modifying survivorship plans to include patient education on functional changes over time may improve the delivery of rehabilitation care.
Effect of high fat diets on the NTPDase, 5′‐nucleotidase and acetylcholinesterase activities in the central nervous system
Authors: Kaizer Rosilene Rodrigues , Spanevello Rosélia Maria , Costa Eduarda , Morsch Vera Maria , Schetinger Maria Rosa Chitolina 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHigh fat diets are associated with the promotion of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD). This study aim investigate the high fat diets role to promotion of AD using as biochemistry parameter of status of central nervous system through the NTPDase, 5′‐nucleotidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in brain of young rats. The intake of high fat diets promotes an inhibition of purinergic and cholinergic functions, mainly in the long‐term exposure to saturated and saturated/unsaturated diets. The AChE activity was decreased to supernatant and synaptosomes tissues preparations obtained from cerebral cortex in average of 20%, to both groups exposed to saturated and saturated/unsaturated diets, when compared to the control group. Very similar results were found in hippocampus and cerebellum brain areas. At same time, the adenine nucleotides hydrolysis in synaptosomes of cerebral cortex were decreased to ATP, ADP and AMP after the long‐term exposure to high fat diets, as saturated and saturated/unsaturated. The inhibition of ATP hydrolysis was of 26% and 39% to saturated and saturated/unsaturated diets, respectively. ADP hydrolysis was decreased in 20% to saturated diet, and AMP hydrolysis was decreased in 25% and 33% to saturated and saturated/unsaturated diets, respectively, all in comparison to the control. Thus, we can suggest that the effects of high diets on the purinergic and cholinergic nervous system may contribute to accelerate the progressive memory loss, to decline in language and other cognitive disruptions, such as AD patients presents.
Correlation of fracture parameters during onset of crack in middle tension specimen
Authors: Starvin M.S. , Ganesh K.C. , Pandiyarajan R. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The present study addresses the implementation of finite element analysis and the prediction of fracture parameters in a middle tension (MT) specimen that was fabricated using AISI 4140 steel. The correlation of fracture parameters with external loads and crack sizes was investigated. A Finite Element code was developed to simulate the fracture model. The contour integral method was applied in the calculation of stress intensity factor and J-integral in the cracked specimen. The ASTM standard empirical formula was used to calculate the stress intensity factor (SIF) and the numerical predictions were validated. A standard laboratory experiment was also carried out using the MT specimen to calculate the crack growth rate in this specific material. The SIF values were almost linear with external load but it was decreasing as the crack size increases. The crack requires minimum load for crack propagation as the crack size increases. Similarly the J-integral was accelerated with increase in crack size.
Highlights Fracture analysis carried out on 4140 steel middle tension specimen using FEA. Correlation of fracture parameters with loads and crack sizes was carried out. The ASTM standard was employed to validate FEA results and obtained accurate results.
Why in the world did they reshore? Examining small to medium‐sized manufacturer decisions
Authors: Gray John V. , Esenduran Gökçe , Rungtusanatham M. Johnny , Skowronski Keith 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSmall to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) are moving their manufacturing operations from low‐cost countries back to high‐cost countries, reversing earlier offshoring decisions. These reshoring decisions cannot be completely explained by changing location‐related costs. To better understand why SMEs are reshoring, we evaluate nine product‐line decisions – six to reshore and three to remain offshore – and codify four empirical observations. We then integrate these observations with relevant literature to develop and analyze a system dynamics model of SMEs' offshoring and reshoring decisions. Synthesizing the above, we articulate propositions regarding SMEs’ reshoring decisions. We conclude by discussing these decisions through the lens of the heuristic decision‐making literature, providing managerial and policy implications.
Prevalence and Predicting Factors for Commonly Neglected Sexual Side Effects to External-Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Frey Anders , Pedersen Christian , Lindberg Henriette , Bisbjerg Rasmus , Sønksen Jens , Fode Mikkel 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Changes in sexual function other than erectile dysfunction are sparsely investigated after radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

Aim
To investigate orgasmic dysfunction, urinary incontinence during sexual activity, changes in penile morphology, and sensory disturbances in the penis in patients with prostate cancer treated with external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

Methods
In February 2015, men treated with EBRT at our center 3 months to 5 years previously (N = 519) received a study-specific questionnaire. This was developed from purpose-built questions and validated tools including the Erection Hardness Scale. All patients had received a radiation dose of 78 Gy. Androgen deprivation therapy was administered according to disease characteristics.

Main Outcome Measures
Outcome measurements were prevalence rates and predictors of these side effects as identified by multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results
One hundred nine patients were eligible (sexually active and had completed androgen deprivation therapy) for inclusion. Twenty-four percent reported anorgasmia, 44% reported a decreased intensity of their orgasms, and 40% reported that the time it took to reach orgasm had increased. Eleven percent reported anejaculation. Fifteen percent reported orgasm-associated pain. Only 4% reported urinary incontinence during sexual activity. Subjective penile length loss in excess of 1 cm was reported by 42%. Twelve percent reported an altered curvature of their penis after EBRT. Six percent reported painful erections. Twenty-seven percent reported decreased sensitivity in the penis after EBRT, 2% reported a cold sensation, and 2% reported paresthesia. Increasing time since final treatment increased the risk of penile sensory disturbances (odds ratio = 1.05; P = .028).

Conclusion
Orgasmic dysfunction, changes in penile morphology, and sensory disturbances in the penis are common side effects of ERBT. Patients should be properly informed of the occurrence of these side effects before deciding which treatment to pursue.
Glandular odontogenic cyst: a report of four cases
Authors: Ogura Ichiro , Tsuchimochi Makoto , Ono Junya , Kanri Yoriaki , Okada Yasuo , Fujii Kazuyuki , Yamaguchi Akira , Sekimoto Tsuneo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA glandular odontogenic cyst is a developmental cyst that is a clinically rare and histopathologically unusual type of odontogenic cyst. In this article, we describe four cases of glandular odontogenic cyst. Glandular odontogenic cyst was defined as a well‐defined unilocular lesion on panoramic radiographs and multidetector computed tomography. Furthermore, the connection of the cyst to the periodontal tissue was one of the common features of the four cases. The results of the present study indicate the clinical and imaging features of glandular odontogenic cyst.
Floral abundance, richness, and spatial distribution drive urban garden bee communities
Authors: Plascencia M. , Philpott S.M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn urban landscapes, gardens provide refuges for bee diversity, but conservation potential may depend on local and landscape features. Foraging and population persistence of bee species, as well as overall pollinator community structure, may be supported by the abundance, richness, and spatial distribution of floral resources. Floral resources strongly differ in urban gardens. Using hand netting and pan traps to survey bees, we examined whether abundance, richness, and spatial distribution of floral resources, as well as ground cover and garden landscape surroundings influence bee abundance, species richness, and diversity on the central coast of California. Differences in floral abundance and spatial distribution, as well as urban cover in the landscape, predicted different bee community variables. Abundance of all bees and of honeybees (Apis mellifera) was lower in sites with more urban land cover surrounding the gardens. Honeybee abundance was higher in sites with patchy floral resources, whereas bee species richness and bee diversity was higher in sites with more clustered floral resources. Surprisingly, bee species richness and bee diversity was lower in sites with very high floral abundance, possibly due to interactions with honeybees. Other studies have documented the importance of floral abundance and landscape surroundings for bees in urban gardens, but this study is the first to document that the spatial arrangement of flowers strongly predicts bee abundance and richness. Based on these findings, it is likely that garden managers may promote bee conservation by managing for floral connectivity and abundance within these ubiquitous urban habitats.
Stability of nano-sized permethrin in its colloidal state and its effect on the physiological and biochemical profile of Culex tritaeniorhynchus larvae
Authors: Mishra P. , Balaji A.P.B , Dhal P.K. , Suresh Kumar R.S. , Magdassi S. , Margulis K. , Tyagi B.K , Mukherjee A. , Chandrasekaran N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe occurrence of pesticidal pollution in the environment and the resistance in the mosquito species makes an urge for the safer and an effective pesticide. Permethrin, a poorly water-soluble pyrethroid pesticide, was formulated into a hydrodispersible nanopowder through rapid solvent evaporation of pesticide-loaded oil in water microemulsion. Stability studies confirmed that the nanopermethrin dispersion was stable in paddy field water for 5 days with the mean particle sizes of 175.3 ± 0.75 nm and zeta potential of −30.6 ± 0.62 mV. The instability rate of the nanopermethrin particles was greater in alkaline (pH 10) medium when compared with the neutral (pH 7) and acidic (pH 4) dispersion medium. The colloidal dispersion at 45°C was found to be less stable compared with the dispersions at 25 and 5°C. The 12- and 24-h lethal indices (LC50) for nanopermethrin were found to be 0.057 and 0.014 mg l−1, respectively. These results were corroborative with the severity of damages observed in the mosquito larvae manifested in epithelial cells and the evacuation of the midgut contents. Further, the results were substantiated by the decrease in cellular biomolecules and biomarker enzyme activity in nanopermethrin treated larvae when compared to bulk and control treatment.
Real-time PCR assay for distinguishingFrankliniella occidentalisandThrips palmiArnika Przybylska, Żaneta Fiedler, Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska
Authors: Przybylska Arnika , Fiedler Żaneta , Frąckowiak Patryk , Obrępalska-Stęplowska Aleksandra 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThrips palmiandFrankliniella occidentalis(order Thysanoptera) are thrips species that represent major plant pests. They are polyphagous insects capable of adversely affecting crop production. As such, in the European Union, these thrips species should be regulated as quarantine organisms.T. palmiandF. occidentaliscan cause considerable damage to susceptible plants by feeding on them and transmitting several viruses responsible for serious plant diseases. Successful pest control strategies are based on an early, fast, and reliable diagnosis, which precedes the selection of appropriate steps to limit the effects of harmful organisms. We herein describe a novel diagnostic approach that enables the sensitive and species-specific detection (and differentiation) of these pests in a duplex polymerase chain reaction assay, which was adapted for both standard and real-time quantitative assays. Our method is based on the amplification of a 5.8S-internal transcribed spacer 2 ribosomal DNA fragment that is conserved betweenT. palmiandF. occidentalis.
English possessive gender agreement in production and comprehension: Similarities and differences between young monolingual English learners and adult Mandarin–English second language learners
Authors: POZZAN LUCIA , ANTÓN-MÉNDEZ INÉS 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTSecond language learners of English occasionally establish gender agreement between a possessive determiner and the local noun that follows it, rather than with its target antecedent (*“Maryi loves hisi brother”). The production and comprehension profiles of adult Mandarin second language learners of English and monolingual English-speaking children were examined to establish (a) if such errors result from an inherent tendency to establish agreement locally within the noun phrase or rather from transfer of first language agreement procedures, and (b) if these errors are production specific or rather reflect nontarget grammatical representations, thus also affecting comprehension. The results of the elicited production portion of the study support the hypothesis that gender agreement errors in learners’ production of possessives result from a generalized tendency to establish local agreement. The results of the comprehension portion of the study suggest that the observed tendency for local agreement within the noun phrase is production specific and does not characterize learners’ grammatical representations as a whole.
Observation of optomechanical buckling transitions
Authors: Xu H. , Kemiktarak U. , Fan J. , Ragole S. , Lawall J. , Taylor J. M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCorrelated phases of matter provide long-term stability for systems as diverse as solids, magnets and potential exotic quantum materials. Mechanical systems, such as buckling transition spring switches, can have engineered, stable configurations whose dependence on a control variable is reminiscent of non-equilibrium phase transitions. In hybrid optomechanical systems, light and matter are strongly coupled, allowing engineering of rapid changes in the force landscape, storing and processing information, and ultimately probing and controlling behaviour at the quantum level. Here we report the observation of first- and second-order buckling transitions between stable mechanical states in an optomechanical system, in which full control of the nature of the transition is obtained by means of the laser power and detuning. The underlying multiwell confining potential we create is highly tunable, with a sub-nanometre distance between potential wells. Our results enable new applications in photonics and information technology, and may enable explorations of quantum phase transitions and macroscopic quantum tunnelling in mechanical systems.
Basal paravian functional anatomy illuminated by high-detail body outline
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Pittman Michael , Zheng Xiaoting , Kaye Thomas G. , Falk Amanda R. , Hartman Scott A. , Xu Xing 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBody shape is a fundamental expression of organismal biology, but its quantitative reconstruction in fossil vertebrates is rare. Due to the absence of fossilized soft tissue evidence, the functional consequences of basal paravian body shape and its implications for the origins of avians and flight are not yet fully understood. Here we reconstruct the quantitative body outline of a fossil paravian Anchiornis based on high-definition images of soft tissues revealed by laser-stimulated fluorescence. This body outline confirms patagia-bearing arms, drumstick-shaped legs and a slender tail, features that were probably widespread among paravians. Finely preserved details also reveal similarities in propatagial and footpad form between basal paravians and modern birds, extending their record to the Late Jurassic. The body outline and soft tissue details suggest significant functional decoupling between the legs and tail in at least some basal paravians. The number of seemingly modern propatagial traits hint that feathering was a significant factor in how basal paravians utilized arm, leg and tail function for aerodynamic benefit.
Thinning sea ice weakens buttressing force of iceberg mélange and promotes calving
Authors: Robel Alexander A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAt many marine-terminating glaciers, the breakup of mélange, a floating aggregation of sea ice and icebergs, has been accompanied by an increase in iceberg calving and ice mass loss. Previous studies have argued that mélange may suppress calving by exerting a buttressing force directly on the glacier terminus. In this study, I adapt a discrete element model to explicitly simulate mélange as a cohesive granular material. Simulations show that mélange laden with thick landfast sea ice produces enough resistance to shut down calving at the terminus. When sea ice within mélange thins, the buttressing force on the terminus is reduced and calving is more likely to occur. When a calving event does occur, it initiates a propagating jamming wave within mélange, which causes local compression and then slow mélange expansion. The jamming wave can also initiate widespread fracture of sea ice and further increase the likelihood of subsequent calving events.
Ser/Thr protein kinase PrkC-mediated regulation of GroEL is critical for biofilm formation in Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Arora Gunjan , Sajid Andaleeb , Virmani Richa , Singhal Anshika , Kumar C. M. Santosh , Dhasmana Neha , Khanna Tanya , Maji Abhijit , Misra Richa , Molle Virginie , Becher Dörte , Gerth Ulf , Mande Shekhar C. , Singh Yogendra 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPrkC is a conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase encoded in Bacillus anthracis genome. PrkC is shown to be important for B. anthracis pathogenesis, but little is known about its other functions and phosphorylated substrates. Systemic analyses indicate the compelling role of PrkC in phosphorylating multiple substrates, including the essential chaperone GroEL. Through mass spectrometry, we identified that PrkC phosphorylates GroEL on six threonine residues that are distributed in three canonical regions. Phosphorylation facilitates the oligomerization of GroEL to the physiologically active tetradecameric state and increases its affinity toward the co-chaperone GroES. Deletion of prkC in B. anthracis abrogates its ability to form biofilm. Overexpression of native GroEL recovers the biofilm-forming ability of prkC deletion strain. Similar overexpression of GroEL phosphorylation site mutants (Thr to Ala) does not augment biofilm formation. Further analyses indicate the phosphorylation of GroEL in diverse bacterial species. Thus, our results suggest that PrkC regulates biofilm formation by modulating the GroEL activity in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The study deciphers the molecular signaling events that are important for biofilm formation in B. anthracis.