bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does anybody notice? How policy positions of coalition parties are perceived by voters
Authors: SPOON JAE‐JAE , KLÜVER HEIKE 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDoes governing in coalitions affect how coalition parties’ policy positions are perceived by voters? In this article, the authors seek to understand the relationship between parties’ participation in coalition governments and their perception by voters. Policy positions are an important instrument through which parties compete for the support of voters. However, it is unclear to what extent voters can correctly perceive the positions of parties when they govern together with other coalition partners. It is argued here that because of the blurred lines of responsibility in multiparty cabinets, it is difficult for voters to correctly perceive the positions of coalition parties. What is more, it is expected that the internal functioning of coalition cabinets affects the extent to which coalition parties struggle to get their message out to voters. It is hypothesized in the article that intra‐cabinet conflict is negatively related to misperception. To test their theoretical expectations, the authors combine data on the left‐right policy positions of political parties from the Comparative Manifestos Project with data on how these positions are perceived by voters gathered from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems from 1996 to 2011. The findings shed light on the relationship between party competition and coalition governments, and its implications for political representation.
Recent Developments in Methods and Techniques for Rapid Monitoring of Sugar Metabolism in Fruits
Authors: Hu Weihong , Sun Da‐Wen , Pu Hongbin , Pan Tingtiao 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe major sugars in fruits, including glucose, fructose, and sucrose, play a critical role in fruit quality control and maturity evaluation. Many novel methods and techniques such as enzymatic and nonenzymatic biosensors, nuclear magnetic resonance, and near‐infrared spectroscopy have been developed to provide the rapid estimation of sugar inversion under different storage conditions. This review provides a description of recent advancements in these technologies for the determination of sugar contents in fruits. The prospects of emerging spectroscopic technologies such as Raman spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, and terahertz imaging, for assessing sugars in intact fruits are discussed. The challenges for further developments of these methods and technologies to meet the increasing demand for rapid and on‐line quality control are also presented.
The Emergency Medicine Events Register: An analysis of the first 150 incidents entered into a novel, online incident reporting registry
Authors: Hansen Kim , Schultz Timothy , Crock Carmel , Deakin Anita , Runciman William , Gosbell Andrew 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveIncident reporting systems are critical to understanding adverse events, in order to create preventative and corrective strategies. There are very few systems dedicated to Emergency Medicine with published results. All EDs in Australia and New Zealand were contacted to encourage the use of an Emergency Medicine – specific online reporting system called the Emergency Medicine Events Register (EMER).MethodsWe conducted an analysis of the first 150 incidents entered into EMER. EMER captures Emergency‐medicine‐specific details including triage score, clinical presentation, outcome, contributing factors, mitigating factors, other specialities involved and patient journey stage. These details were analysed by an expert panel.ResultsOver the first 26 months, 150 incidents were reported into EMER. The most common categories reported, in order, were diagnostic error, procedural complication and investigation errors. Most incidents contained more than one category of error. The most common stage of the patient's journey in which an incident was detected was after discharge from the ED.ConclusionA focus on correct diagnosis, procedure performance and investigation interpretation may reduce errors in the ED. The ability to learn from incidents and make system changes to enhance patient safety in healthcare organisations is an inherent part of providing a proactive, quality culture.
Review article: Diagnostic accuracy of risk stratification tools for patients with chest pain in the rural emergency department: A systematic review
Authors: Roche Tina , Jennings Natasha , Clifford Stuart , O'connell Jane , Lutze Matthew , Gosden Edward , Hadden N Fionna , Gardner Glenn 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRisk stratification tools for patients presenting to rural EDs with undifferentiated chest pain enable early definitive treatment in high‐risk patients. This systematic review compares the most commonly used risk stratification tools used to predict the risk of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) for patients presenting to rural EDs with chest pain. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE and Embase for studies published between January 2011 and January 2015 was undertaken. Study quality was assessed using QUADAS‐2 criteria and the PRISMA guidelines.Eleven studies using eight risk stratification tools met the inclusion criteria. The percentage of MACE in the patients stratified as suitable for discharge, and the percentage of patients whose scores would have recommended admission that did not experience a MACE event were used as comparisons. Using the findings of a survey of emergency physicians that found a 1% MACE rate acceptable in discharged patients, the EDACS‐ADP was considered the best performer. EDACS‐ADP had one of the lowest rates of MACE in those discharged (3/1148, 0.3%) and discharged one of the highest percentage of patients (44.5%). Only the GRACE tool discharged more patients (69% – all patients with scores <100) but had a MACE rate of 0.3% in discharged patients. The HFA/CSANZ guidelines achieved zero cases of MACE but discharged only 1.3% of patients.EDACS‐ADP can potentially increase diagnostic efficiency of patients presenting at ED with chest pain. Further assessment of tool in a rural context is recommended.
Impact of population ageing on growing demand for emergency transportation to emergency departments in Western Australia, 2005–2020
Authors: Aboagye‐Sarfo Patrick , Mai Qun , Sanfilippo Frank M , Fatovich Daniel M 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present paper is to quantify the impact of population ageing on demand for emergency transportation (ET) to EDs in Western Australia (WA).MethodsA population‐based longitudinal study using the statewide ED presentation data from 2005–2014 was used to predict ET demand in 2020, stratified by age group and sex.ResultsFrom 2005 to 2014, 14.9% of all ED presentations arrived by ET. The number rose from 94 369 (13.9%) in 2005 to 153 374 (15.5%) in 2014, a compound annual growth of 5.5%. Of those presentations, 55.2% resulted in hospital admission. The proportion was higher in older age groups (64.5% in 65–74 years, 67.1% in 75–84 years and 68.4% in ≥85 years). Of ED presentations arriving by ET in age group ≥65 years, 70.9% were Australasian Triage Scale category 1, 2 or 3. The rate of ET per 1000 population increased in all age groups and sex. The highest growth was in the older age groups: from 86.6, 187.0 and 512.1 in ages 65–74 years, 75–84 years and ≥85 years, respectively, in 2005 to 102.5, 226.7 and 613.6 in 2014, and are expected to increase to 115.1, 264.3 and 707.7 by 2020. The ET demands in these age groups were projected to increase annually by 5.0%, 3.6% and 4.9%, respectively, in the next 6 years, comparing to less than 4.5% in the younger age groups.ConclusionThere has been a continuous rise in ET demand in WA, particularly in older people who have a higher urgency and requirement for admission.
Heterogeneity in cervical spine assessment in paediatric trauma: A survey of physicians' knowledge and application at a paediatric major trauma centre
Authors: Buckland Aaron J , Bressan Silvia , Jowett Helen , Johnson Michael B , Teague Warwick J 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveEvidence‐based decision‐making tools are widely used to guide cervical spine assessment in adult trauma patients. Similar tools validated for use in injured children are lacking. A paediatric‐specific approach is appropriate given important differences in cervical spine anatomy, mechanism of spinal injury and concerns over ionising radiation in children. The present study aims to survey physicians' knowledge and application of cervical spine assessment in injured children.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of physicians actively engaged in trauma care within a paediatric trauma centre was undertaken. Participation was voluntary and responses de‐idenitified. The survey comprised 20 questions regarding initial assessment, imaging, immobilisation and perioperative management. Physicians' responses were compared with available current evidence.ResultsSixty‐seven physicians (28% registrars, 17% fellows and 55.2% consultants) participated. Physicians rated altered mental state, intoxication and distracting injury as the most important contraindications to cervical spine clearance in children. Fifty‐four per cent considered adequate plain imaging to be 3‐view cervical spine radiographs (anterior–posterior, lateral and odontoid), whereas 30% considered CT the most sensitive modality for detecting unstable cervical spine injuries. Physicians' responses reflected marked heterogeneity regarding semi‐rigid cervical collars and what constitutes cervical spine ‘clearance’. Greater consensus existed for perioperative precautions in this setting.ConclusionsPhysicians actively engaged in paediatric trauma care demonstrate marked heterogeneity in their knowledge and application of cervical spine assessment. This is compounded by a lack of paediatric‐specific evidence and definitions, involvement of multiple specialties and staff turnover within busy departments. A validated decision‐making tool for cervical spine assessment will represent an important advance in paediatric trauma.
Pea and Broad Bean Pods as a Natural Source of Dietary Fiber: The Impact on Texture and Sensory Properties of Cake
Authors: Belghith‐Fendri Lilia , Chaari Fatma , Kallel Fatma , Zouari‐Ellouzi Soumaya , Ghorbel Raoudha , Besbes Souhail , Ellouz‐Chaabouni Semia , Ghribi‐Aydi Dhouha 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAttention has focused on bakery products such as cake which is one of the most common bakery products consumed by people in the world. Legume by‐products, pea pods (PPs) (Pisum sativum L.) and broad bean pods (BBPs) (Vicia faba L.) mediterranean (Tunisian), has been studied for its high dietary fiber content (PP: 43.87 g/100 g; BBP: 53.01 g/100 g). Protein content was also a considerable component for both by‐products. We investigated the effect of substituted of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of PP and BBP flours on the sensory and technological properties in cake. Cakes hardness increased whereas L* and a* color values decreased. The overall acceptability rate showed that a maximum of 15% of PP and BBP flours can be added to prepare acceptable quality cakes.
Is the daily use of vacuum erection device for a month before penile prosthesis implantation beneficial? a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Canguven O. , Talib R. A. , Campbell J. , De Young L. , El Ansari W. , Al‐Ansari A. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryPatient concerns about penile length after penile prosthesis (PP) implantation for erectile dysfunction (ED) have significant impact on patients and their partners. In addition, corporal fibrosis is associated with difficult PP implantation. The preoperative use of vacuum erectile devices (VED) is an uncommon physical treatment for such concerns. Therefore, the current randomized controlled study assessed two outcomes: whether pre‐operative VED use for a month before surgery would significantly increase flaccid stretched penile length (SPL) on the day of surgery, and facilitate easier corporal dilatation intraoperatively. Fifty‐one patients scheduled for PP implantation for ED were randomized to either intervention group (pre‐operative VED use; 10–15 min/day for ≥30 days; Group A; n = 25), or control group (no intervention; Group B; n = 26). A research assistant (blinded to the treatment assignments) recorded SPL at baseline (initial consultation) and on day of surgery. The surgeons performing the PP implantation (also blinded to the treatment assignments) provided subjective assessments of the ease of corporal dilatation. Baseline patient characteristics, demographics, and comorbidities were the same in both groups. Baseline measurements (SPL‐1) were 10.71 ± 1.28 and 10.87 ± 1.26 cm in Group A and Group B, respectively; and the day of surgery measurements (SPL‐2) were 11.50 ± 1.33 and 11.06 ± 1.34 cm in Group A and Group B, respectively. In terms of outcomes: mean SPL increase in Group A was significantly more by a mean of 0.80 ± 0.38 cm (p < 0.05) compared to Group B; and surgeons’ subjective report of surgical ease indicated smoother corporal dilatation for Group A compared to Group B. VED use (10–15 min/day during the month prior to PP implantation) was associated with significantly increased SPL on day of surgery, and facilitated easier corporal dilatation intraoperatively. Future studies should examine the long‐term outcomes of penile prosthesis implantation after pre‐operative use of vacuum erectile devices.
Treatment of Chilaiditi syndrome using laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Takahashi Kodai , Ito Hideto , Katsube Toshio , Tsuboi Ayaka , Hashimoto Masatoshi , Ota Emi , Mita Kazuhito , Asakawa Hideki , Hayashi Takashi , Fujino Keiichi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractChilaiditi syndrome is defined as the interposition of the bowel between the liver and right diaphragm. It is a rare disease and may be difficult to diagnose and manage. Treatment for asymptomatic patients with Chilaiditi is usually conservative and does not require surgical intervention, but surgery may be necessary if conservative treatment fails. This report describes a rare case of Chilaiditi syndrome causing small bowel obstruction and corrected using laparoscopic surgery.
A population‐based study of the comparative effectiveness of second‐generation antipsychotics vs older antimanic agents in bipolar disorder
Authors: Bauer Mark S , Miller Christopher J , Li Mingfei , Bajor Laura A , Lee Austin 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesNumerous antimanic treatments have been introduced over the past two decades, particularly second‐generation antipsychotics (SGAs). However, it is not clear whether such newer agents provide any advantage over older treatments.MethodsA historical cohort design investigated the nationwide population of outpatients with bipolar disorder treated in the Department of Veterans Affairs who were newly initiated on an antimanic agent between 2003 and 2010 (N=27 727). The primary outcome was likelihood of all‐cause hospitalization during the year after initiation, controlling for numerous demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics. Potential correlates of effect were explored by investigating time to initiation of a second antimanic agent or antidepressant.ResultsAfter control for covariates, those initiated on lithium or valproate monotherapy, compared to those beginning SGA monotherapy, were significantly less likely to be hospitalized, had a longer time to hospitalization, and had fewer hospitalizations in the subsequent year. Those on combination treatment had a significantly higher likelihood of hospitalization, although they also had a longer time to addition of an additional antimanic agent or antidepressant.ConclusionsThe present analysis of a large and unselected nationwide population provides important complementary data to that from controlled trials. Although various mechanisms may be responsible for the results, the data support the utilization of lithium or valproate, rather than SGAs, as the initial antimanic treatment in bipolar disorder. A large‐scale, prospective, randomized, pragmatic clinical trial comparing the initiation of SGA monotherapy to that of lithium or valproate monotherapy is a logical next step.
Quality of life results from a phase 3 study of brentuximab vedotin consolidation following autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant for persons with Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Ramsey Scott D. , Nademanee Auayporn , Masszi Tamas , Holowiecki Jerzy , Abidi Muneer , Chen Andy , Stiff Patrick , Viviani Simonetta , Sweetenham John W. , Radford John , Zhu Yanyan , Bonthapally Vijayveer , Thomas Elizabeth , Richhariya Akshara , Hunder Naomi N. , Walewski Jan , Moskowitz Craig H. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBrentuximab vedotin (BV) significantly improved progression‐free survival in a phase 3 study in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (RR‐HL) post‐autologous‐haematopoietic stem cell transplant (auto‐HSCT); we report the impact of BV on quality of life (QOL) from this trial. The European Quality of Life five dimensions questionnaire was administered at the beginning of each cycle, end of treatment, and every 3 months during follow‐up; index value scores were calculated using the time trade‐off (TTO) method for UK‐weighted value sets. Questionnaire adherence during the trial was 87·5% (N = 329). In an intent‐to‐treat analysis, compared with placebo, TTO scores in the BV arm did not exceed the minimally important difference (MID) of 0·08 except at month 15 (−0·084; 95% confidence interval, −0·143 to −0·025). On‐treatment index scores were similar between arms and did not reach the MID at any time point; mixed‐effect modelling showed that BV treatment effect was not significant (P = 0·2127). BV‐associated peripheral neuropathy did not meaningfully impact QOL. Utility scores for patients who progressed declined compared with those who did not; TTO scores between these patients exceeded the MID beginning at month 15. In conclusion, QOL decreased modestly with BV consolidation treatment in patients with RR‐HL at high risk of relapse after auto‐HSCT.
Total daily fluoride intake and fractional urinary fluoride excretion in 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children living in a fluoridated area: weekly variation?
Authors: Omid Narges , Maguire Anne , O'Hare William T. , Zohoori Fatemeh V. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesRisk of development of dental fluorosis may increase with even a short‐term increase in fluoride (F) intake during tooth formation. Considering the wide variations in F concentrations of different food and drinks, it is important to assess short‐term differences in F intake and consequently fractional urinary F excretion (FUFE) in children, which provide an indication of F body burden. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate weekly variation in total daily F intake (TDFI) and its sources and fractional urinary F excretion (FUFE) in 4‐ to 6‐year‐olds living in a fluoridated area in the UK.MethodsSixty‐one children were surveyed twice with a 1‐week gap between surveys. Dietary F intake was assessed by ‘food‐diary’ and ‘duplicate‐plate collection’. Toothbrushing expectorate (saliva/toothpaste) was collected to estimate F intake from toothpaste ingestion. TDFI was calculated from dietary F intake and toothpaste ingestion. Daily urinary F excretion (DUFE) was estimated by collecting 24‐h urine samples and FUFE was calculated from DUFE and TDFI [FUFE = (DUFE/TDFI) × 100].ResultsThe overall mean TDFI, DUFE and FUFE for all children were 0.056 (SD 0.036) mg/kgbw/day, 0.018 (SD 0.007) mg/kgbw/day and 39 (SD 20)%, respectively. The mean (95% CI) difference between the 2 weeks studied was 0.004 (−0.004, 0.011) mg/kgbw/day for TDFI, 0.002 (−0.001, 0.004) mg/kgbw/day for DUFE and 1 (−6, 8)% for FUFE.ConclusionsMean TDFI and FUFE did not vary statistically significantly with week and therefore one set of data collection from a group of children living in a temperate climate could be sufficient to monitor F exposure and F body burden in community prevention programmes for oral health.
A 17‐year experience in perioperative anaphylaxis 1998–2015: harmonizing optimal detection of mast cell mediator release
Authors: Egner W. , Sargur R. , Shrimpton A. , York M. , Green K. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBackgroundSheffield NARCOS (National Adverse Reactions Advisory Service) investigates suspected perioperative anaesthetic reactions using serial tryptase, urinary methylhistamine (UMH) and clinical information. Further recommendations for additional allergy clinic assessment are provided.ObjectiveTo establish a robustly measurable protocol for identifying mast cell mediator (MMR) release in this cohort. To compare these thresholds with previously suggested thresholds and algorithms.MethodA review of 3455 NARCOS cases referred with a suspected perioperative allergic reaction. Tryptase, UMH and clinical details were analysed. A total of 1746 cases were graded using the Ring and Messmer scale. Reaction grade, tryptase and UMH changes were compared with statistical and graphical presentations appropriate to non‐normally distributed measurements using Analyse‐IT software.ResultsSensitive strategies such as 3 μg/L or 20% are measurable and translatable and would substantially increase detection of potentially relevant changes in tryptases. Adequate quality assurance for low‐level measurement is needed. An incremental threshold of 20% would identify potential MMR in an additional 14% of cases with peak tryptase (Tp) between 5 and 14 μg/L and a further 15% with Tp below 5 μg/L. Further work is required to establish the diagnostic performance characteristics of this more sensitive approach. UMH also identified up to 120 further cases of potential MMR in the absence of tryptase increments.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceFuture studies should establish and compare the predictive performance characteristics of each strategy against clinical phenotypes. A single agreed definition of positive serial tryptases is needed to enable robust evaluation of diagnostic strategies. This could serve as a harmonized standard for comparative studies of case series from different centres.
The learning curves in living donor hemiliver graft procurement using small upper midline incision
Authors: Ikegami Toru , Harimoto Norifumi , Shimokawa Masahiro , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Uchiyama Hideaki , Itoh Shinji , Okabe Norihisa , Sakata Kazuhito , Nagatsu Akihisa , Soejima Yuji , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe learning curve for performing living donor hemiliver procurement (LDHP) via small upper midline incision (UMI) has not been determined. Living donors (n=101) who underwent LDHP via UMI were included to investigate the learning curve using cumulative sum analysis. The cumulative sum analysis showed that nine cases for right lobe (case #23) and 19 cases for left lobe (case #32 in the whole series) are needed for stable and acceptable surgical outcomes in LDHP via UMI. The established phase (n=69, since case #33) had a significantly shorter operative time, a smaller incision size, and less blood loss than the previous learning phase (n=32, serial case number up to the last 19th left lobe case). Multivariate analysis showed that the learning phase, high body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, and left lobe graft procurement are the factors associated with surgical events including operative blood loss ≥400 mL, operative time ≥300 minutes, or surgical complications ≥Clavien‐Dindo grade II. There is an obvious learning curve in performing LDHP via UMI, and 32 cases including both 19 cases for left lobe and nine cases for right lobe are needed for having stable and acceptable surgical outcomes.