bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Scorpion–Type Dopant‐Free Hole Transport Material for n‐i‐p Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xie Gang , Yu Jianxin , Zhang Jintao , Yin Haoran , Li Huiyu , Chen Ling , Wang Zhiping , Pan Yang , Liang Aihui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt is significant to develop dopant‐free hole transport materials (HTMs) to improve the long‐term stability of n‐i‐p organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, two HTMs (DTTP‐T and DTTP‐D) based on dithienothiopyrrole (DTTP) core were synthesized to explore the effects of different substituents on the nitrogen atom on the properties of HTMs. Compared with anisole‐substituted DTTP‐D, triarylamine‐substituted scorpion‐type DTTP‐T shows better matching energy level, stronger charge transfer and defect passivation ability. Therefore, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of dopant‐free DTTP‐T‐based n‐i‐p PSCs reaches 18.67 %, which is comparable to that of doped Spiro‐OMeTAD (19.51 %). More encouragingly, the efficiency of DTTP‐T‐based devices remains above 80 % of its initial efficiency after 1728 h of storage in air, while the Spiro‐OMeTAD‐based devices could only maintain 600 h. This work provides a good reference for the development of dopant‐free small molecular HTMs for efficient and stable PSCs.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Vinylogous Allylic Alkylation between β,γ‐Unsaturated Pyrazoleamides and MBH Carbonates
Authors: He Yun‐Peng , Fu Jun‐Hao , Sha Feng , Wu Xin‐Yan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe direct asymmetric vinylogous allylic alkylation is an efficient method to construct chiral 1,5‐diene compounds. In this work, acyclic unsaturated amides are used as a nucleophile for enantioselective vinylogous allylic alkylation. With 10 mol % of chiral tertiary amine C11, the enantioselective vinylogous allylic alkylation between β,γ‐unsaturated pyrazoleamides and Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman carbonates is achieved, affording optically active multifunctional chiral 1,5‐dienes in moderate‐to‐excellent yields (74–99 %) with good‐to‐excellent enantioselectivities (67–94 % ee).
Metal‐Free α‐Sulfonylation of β‐Ketothioamides: Access to α‐Sulfonyl‐β‐Ketoamides and their Photophysical Studies
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Ansari Monish Arbaz , Yadav Anup Kumar , Singh Saurabh , Bandyopadhyay Krishanu , Saha Satyen , Singh Maya Shankar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHerein, we report a metal and additive‐free unprecedented reactivity of β‐ketothioamides with sulfonyl chlorides for the synthesis of previously unreported 2‐sulfonyl‐3‐oxo‐N,3‐diarylpropanamides via in situ thioamide to amide conversion followed by dehydrohalogenative C−S cross‐coupling at room temperature under an open air for the first time. The protocol demonstrates not only its operational simplicity, efficiency, mild condition, and scalability, but also easy to get the diverse a‐sulfonyl‐β‐ketoamides in good to high yields. Additionally, the DFT and photophysical studies supported the proposed mechanism, and revealed unique excitation‐dependent emission coupled with ESPT for the synthesized sulfones.
Synergetic effect of iron and tungsten on molybdenum‐doped HZSM‐5 zeolite in catalytic methane dehydroaromatization
Authors: Musamali Ronald. W. , Isa Yusuf. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMethane dehydroaromatization is a viable route for production of carbon and valuable petrochemicals. Unlike Fischer–Tropsch and methanol synthesis processes which have been scaled up to commercial level, development of methane dehydroaromatization to commercial level has been hampered by various challenges. In this work, a 5.4 wt. % trimetallic (Fe‐W‐Mo/HZSM‐5) catalyst has been synthesized, characterized, and applied in catalytic methane dehydroaromatization reaction. A gas chromatograph was used to analyze both liquid and gaseous products from the reactor. Based on 0.0013 moles of reacted methane after 240 min time on stream at 750, GHSV 960 mlg‐1cath‐1, and atmospheric pressure, a 5.4% Mo/HZSM‐5 catalyst recorded 7.9% methane conversion, 10.6% C2 hydrocarbon selectivity, 51.8% benzene selectivity, 9.8% toluene selectivity and 27.8% coke selectivity. Doping Mo/HZSM‐5 with Fe reduced methane conversion by 4.0%, increased C2 hydrocarbon selectivity by 1.7%, reduced benzene selectivity by 6.2% and increased toluene and coke selectivity by 1.8% and 2.8% respectively. Doping Mo/HZSM‐5 with W increased methane conversion by 7.3%, reduced C2 hydrocarbon selectivity by 2.1%, reduced benzene selectivity by 7.6% and increased toluene and coke selectivity by 0.3% and 9.4% respectively. When iron and tungsten were loaded onto Mo/HZSM‐5, catalytic activity of the tri‐metallic catalyst in methane conversion reduced by 2.0%, C2 hydrocarbon selectivity increased by 2.7%, benzene selectivity reduced by 3.1%, toluene selectivity reduced by 3.7%, and coke selectivity increased by 4.1%. Therefore, this present work demonstrates that metal synergy in a tri‐metallic catalyst plays a role in methane conversion and selectivity towards useful hydrocarbons.
Runoff and sediment reduction effects of different Paspalum wettsteinii‐planting measures on the slopes of Masson pine plantation in the red soil region of southern China
Authors: Zhou Feihua , Zha Ruibo , Wu Zehua , Wu Juan , Lin Qiang , Wu Jieling , Zhang Liu , Wang Liyuan , Zha Xuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGrass‐planting measure is a crucial vegetation approach to mitigate understory soil erosion and improve ecological environment in the red soil region of southern China. This study aimed to quantify the effects of grass (Paspalum wettsteinii Hackel.)‐planting measures on runoff and sediment reduction on slopes of Masson pine plantations under rainstorm conditions. We conducted a rainfall simulation experiment at a rainfall intensity of 2.0 mm/min, comparing single strip (MT1, strip spacing: 145 cm), double strips (MT2, strip spacing: 70 cm), and triple strips (MT3, strip spacing: 45 cm) grass‐planting measures on slope surface runoff generation and soil erosion processes of the young Masson pine (MT0, no grass strip) plantation, and the bare slope (CK) was selected as the control. Results revealed that grass‐planting measures significantly decreased slope erosion parameters compared to CK and MT0. As the average grass coverage increased (MT1 from 10% to 25%, MT2 from 7.5% to 22.5%, MT3 from 7.3% to 25%), the slope surface erosion parameters under the grass‐planting measures decreased, resulting in significantly improved runoff and sediment reduction benefits. The runoff reduction effect could reach 32%, while the sediment reduction effect could reach 88%. Moreover, MT3 demonstrated superior performance over MT2 and MT1, with minimal runoff and sediment reduction effects observed for the MT0. Overall, this study suggests that grass‐planting measures, coupled with the increasing of grass coverage rates, significantly improve runoff and sediment reduction benefits on slopes in regions experiencing heavy rainfall. Among the tested configurations, MT3 emerged as most effective measure for controlling understory soil erosion in Masson pine plantations, especially when its average grass coverage rate reached 25%. These findings provide valuable insights for selecting appropriate grass‐planting strategies, as well as for understanding the underlying mechanisms of how these measures mitigate soil erosion. This scientific reference will aid in the design and implementation of soil and water conservation measures in the region.
The geomorphic work of the European mole (Talpa europaea): Long‐term monitoring of molehills using structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry
Authors: Baxter Timothy , Woor Sam , Coombes Martin , Viles Heather 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMoles—small insectivorous mammals of the family Talpidae—are widespread across the Northern Hemisphere. These subterranean mammals are easily detected through the mounds, or molehills, they construct as surface bioproducts of tunnel systems excavated underground. The dense aggregation of these bioconstructions in a range of environments (e.g., floodplains, woodland, coastal dunes and upland regions) indicates that moles may play an important role in sediment systems. However, compared with other fossorial mammals (e.g., gophers and rabbits), the impact of moles as direct and indirect biogeomorphic agents is poorly understood. Furthermore, little is known about how molehills develop and degrade over time or how long they persist as landscape features. By examining molehills created by the European mole (Talpa europaea) over 4 months on a floodplain in Oxfordshire, UK, we provide a quantitative assessment of how these landforms evolve over time and space. Through the creation of high‐resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) using structure‐from‐motion (SfM) photogrammetry, we derive a variety of metrics describing molehill morphology and produce a detailed record of how molehills change at weekly time intervals. In addition, measurements of molehill volume are used to estimate the excavation rate of moles over a month. Findings show that (i) molehills are dynamic landforms that change in size and shape in response to phases of construction, collapse, erosion and rebuilding; (ii) rates of degradation are influenced by soil characteristics and seasonal weather conditions; (iii) molehills can persist as landscape features for several months; and (iv) moles are capable of moving a substantial volume of sediment in highly active areas (3.89 m3 ha−1 month−1). Future work is now needed to determine the geomorphic impact of T. europaea over larger spatial scales (e.g., river catchments) and longer timescales (e.g., years–decades) to determine its importance in relation to other bioturbators and within the wider sediment system.
Crop Residue Biochar Rather Than Manure and Straw Return Provided Short Term Synergism Among Grain Production, Carbon Sequestration, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction in a Paddy Under Rice‐Wheat Rotation
Authors: Xia Xin , Zhao Zheng , Ding Yuanjun , Feng Xiao , Chen Shuotong , Shao Qianqian , Liu Xiaoyu , Cheng Kun , Bian Rongjun , Zheng Jufeng , Li Lianqing , Pan Genxing 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTReturn of crop residues directly as straw, animal manure, or biochar are recommended management options for biowaste recycling and soil organic carbon (SOC) maintenance in agriculture. However, to address the soil health challenges associated with soil degradation and climate change, it is critical to determine if or which of these different forms of crop residues could deliver a synergic improvement in SOC storage, emission reduction, and crop productivity following field application. In this study, maize straw in the form of air‐dried biomass (CS), manure via cattle digestion (CM), and biochar via pyrolysis (CB) was respectively amended once at a dose of 10 t C ha−1, in comparison to no maize straw addition (CK), in a paddy field under rice‐wheat rotation. Changes in soil properties, SOC storage, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and rice/wheat yield were examined over two consecutive rice/wheat rotation cycles following soil amendment. The total rice grain yield considerably increased by 6% under CM and CB, while it reduced by 6% under CS compared to CK. Soil nutrient content persistently increased under CM and CB by 4.2% ~ 17% and 11% ~ 26% for total nitrogen, 26% ~ 61% and 20% ~ 53% for available P, and 2% ~ 82% and 30% ~ 115% for available K, respectively. Topsoil SOC storage increased considerably by 8% under CM and 20% under CB, while remained unchanged under CS, compared to CK. The total methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were considerably increased by 7 folds and 15% under CS and 3.5 folds and 61% under CM, respectively, compared to CK. In contrast, these emissions considerably decreased under CB by 33% for CH4 and 29% for N2O. Consequently, the C emission efficiency considerably reduced under CS and CM but increased under CB over the two rotation cycles monitored. Moreover, the soil quality index (SQI) considerably improved under CM and CB but remained unchanged under CS compared to CK. Among the different forms of straw return, manure, and biochar, straw amendments differed considerably in their effects on C sequestration, GHG emissions, and crop productivity. Only biochar from crop residues synergistically improved these functions in the short‐term following application to paddy soil.
Establishment and Characterization of a Novel Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Cell Line
Authors: Kato Keisuke , Goto Hiroaki , Tanaka Mio , Suzuki Tetsuomi , Toyoda Yasunori , Shinkai Masato , Kitagawa Norihiko , Nishi Toshiji , Kigasawa Hisato , Kurosawa Kenji , Aida Noriko , Yoshimi Ai , Noda Asami , Ito Yumi , Seki Masafumi , Takita Junko , Nagahara Noriyuki , Tsuchida Masahiro , Tanaka Yukichi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPurposePleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is an infrequently encountered childhood malignant intrathoracic neoplasm associated with unfavorable clinical behavior. Since a well‐characterized preclinical model is essential for developing competent agents for PPB, we aim to establish and characterize the world's first cell line of PPB, and attempt to perform the cytotoxicity assay on the PPB cell line.Experimental DesignThe index case is a 2‐year‐old female who developed a right thoracic tumor that was surgically removed and treated with multi‐agent chemotherapy. The patient is free from recurrence, although it was 9 years after the diagnosis when she developed a thyroid tumor. We performed in vitro cultivation of the isolated neoplastic cells from the tumor, cytogenetic findings and molecular analysis, and tetrazolium colorimetric assay.ResultThe histology was consistent with PPB. Serial passage of cultivation produced a continuously growing cell line, KCMC‐PPB‐1. Conventional cytogenetic analysis of the established cell line revealed complex numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities, including add(17)(p11). Mutation analysis on the cultured cells revealed amino‐acid substitution mutation on exon 4 of TP53 (NM_001276760.3:c.212_213delTG; NP_001263689.1:p.Leu72ArgfsTer37) and compound heterozygous mutations of DICER1 (NM_177438.3:c. 4910C>A; NP_803187.1:Ser1637* and NM_177438.3:c. 5114A>T; NP_803187.1:Glu1705Val). The cultivated cells demonstrated vulnerability to bortezomib on cytotoxicity assay.ConclusionOur KCMC‐PPB‐1 is the first genuine, molecularly characterized PPB cell line. The cell line is transplantable to nu/nu mice; therefore, it is suitable for a preclinical model for new drug development. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that bortezomib is active in the current PPB model.
Waste to Energy: Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics of Waste Animal Fats/Diesel Blends Premixed with Various Alcohols as Port Fuels
Authors: Sathish T. , Giri Jayant , Saravanan R. , Ağbulut Ümit 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnimal flesh is a major food source with economic and industrial value for consumer demand. These meats produced biowaste during and after preparation and use. Chicken intestines make up most of the waste thrown away after processing or frying. This study considers it a biodiesel source. Transesterification turns chicken intestine waste fat oil into biodiesel. This oil is used in compression ignition (CI) engines but performs poorly compared to diesel. Diesel, the base fuel, is mixed with 20% biodiesel. The remaining 10% and 20% of butanol and pentanol are port fuels, improving combustion and lowering emissions in the 5.2 kW, 1500 rpm CI engine. 20% pentanol premixing outperformed butanol premixing, blending, and engine CIWFOB operation. The greater heating value improves combustion, therefore 20% pentanol premixing with blend produces 32.76% BTE, 10.57% more than diesel. It produced 55.18% less CO and 50.92% less smoke than diesel, which has a greater heat release rate (48.86 J/CAD) and peak pressure (64.76 bar). This premixing costs NOx emissions. The CIWFOB blend with 20% pentanol premixing improves engine performance. For SDGs 7, 9, 12, and 13, this study is supported.
Time‐Quantile and Frequency Response of Green Growth to Energy Vulnerability, Energy Uncertainty, and Geopolitical Risks
Authors: Uche Emmanuel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe study explains the time‐quantile‐frequency adjustments of green growth to energy vulnerability, energy uncertainties, and geopolitical risks (GPR) in the United States (US). Novel insights with notable policy implications emerged following the empirical analysis of monthly data spanning 2000 m1–2022 m12. The study implemented the Wavelet Quantile Correlation (WQC), Wavelet Quantile Granger Causality, and the Rolling Windows Wavelet Quantile Granger Causality to understand the dynamics among the variables. Evidence from WQC divulged time‐specific positive and negative interactions between green growth and its determinants. Specifically, energy vulnerability dampened green growth more profoundly in the immediate and medium terms. However, in the long term, green growth prospers amidst energy vulnerability. This outcome reflects some policy effectiveness that reduced the negative effects of energy vulnerability for green growth. The effects of energy uncertainties are similar to that of energy vulnerability, with more profound damaging effects in the lower medium horizon of the distributions. GPR dampened green growth in the short run and enhanced it in the medium term, but it reduced green growth more profoundly in the long run. The pleasant effects of energy efficiency and digitalization are observed mostly in the long run, with notable green growth‐reducing effects mainly in the short run.
Assessing Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution in a Rapidly Urbanizing River Basin Using a Modified DRASTIC Land Use–Lineament Density Method
Authors: Tsegay Tsnat , Birhanu Behailu , Azagegn Tilahun , Hailu Biniyam Tesfaw , Ayenew Tenalem 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGroundwater quality assessment is crucial for ensuring safe drinking water, protecting public health, and maintaining sustainable water resources for agricultural and industrial uses. The Awash River basin faces significant groundwater quality challenges due to rapid population growth, high urbanization, large‐scale irrigation, and industrial pollution. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the intrinsic vulnerability of aquifers to pollution in the Awash Basin and identify hotspots requiring urgent intervention using a modified DRASTIC overlay analysis method. In addition to the seven parameters considered in the generic DRASTIC overlay analysis (depth to the water table, recharge, aquifer media, slope, soil media, vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity), we incorporated land use/land‐cover (LULC) and lineament density (LD) distributions (DRASTIC‐LU‐LD). This modification allowed us to produce more realistic groundwater vulnerability maps for the basin. To identify the most influential parameters in the overlay, sensitivity analysis was conducted using Map Removal Sensitivity Analysis (MRSA) and Single Parameter Sensitivity Analysis (SPSA). Initially, the generic DRASTIC index in the area ranges from 69 to 181, categorizing the area into four vulnerability zones: very low (21%), low (51%), medium (27%), and high (1%). After incorporating LU and LD, the index values ranged from 90 to 240. Based on the percentage of the total area studied, the inclusion of LU decreased the very low and low vulnerability zones from 72% to 44% and the inclusion of LD increased the high‐ and very‐high‐vulnerability zones from 14% to 27%. The areas most vulnerable to groundwater pollution are in the western (upper Awash), middle Awash, and northwestern regions, particularly in city centers where groundwater abstraction is significant. These high‐vulnerability zones coincide with municipal, industrial, and agricultural pollution sources. The vadose zone parameter has the highest impact in both MRSA and SPSA, with a variation index value of 3.08% and a mean effective weight of 27.93%, respectively. By identifying areas vulnerable to groundwater pollution, this study provides a valuable basis for informed decision‐making and the development of effective strategies for protecting groundwater from urban, industrial, and agricultural pollution sources.
Sedimentary Environment of the Permian Marine Shale in the Kaijiang‐Liangping Trough, Sichuan Basin, China: Implications for Organic Matter (OM) Accumulation
Authors: Gu Tianfu , Chen Shijia , Chen Xiao , Sun Haofei , Mou Feisheng , Lu Jungang , Yin Xiangdong , Yuan Lexin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe Permian shales in the Kaijiang‐Liangping Trough within the Sichuan Basin represent a promising frontier for marine shale gas exploration, whereas there has been limited systematic research on their sedimentary environment and organic matter (OM) enrichment mechanisms. Therefore, we present total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, major/trace element analyses and scanning electron microscope experiments for the Permian marine shales from the trough to determine their paleoenvironmental conditions and influencing factors of OM enrichment. The results show that the paleoclimate changed from dry climate to humid and warm climate (P3w1 [the first member of the Wujiaping Formation]) and semi‐humid to semi‐arid climate (P3w2 [the second member of the Wujiaping Formation]) and P3d‐I (Dalong Formation‐I) and then to arid climate again during the shale deposition period from the P2g (Gufeng Formation) to the P3d‐II. The shales with the highest TOC contents (TOC > 3%, P3d‐I and P2g), lower TOC contents (TOC < 1%, P3w1 and P3w2) and higher TOC contents (1% < TOC < 2%, P3d‐II) were formed under the control of anoxic environment and high paleoproductivity, oxic‐suboxic environment and high paleoproductivity, anoxic‐euxinic environment and lower productivity, respectively. Only appropriate sedimentation rates promote OM enrichment. Terrestrial input, paleoclimate, volcanic activity and hydrothermal upwelling mainly indirectly affect OM accumulation by influencing paleoproductivity. The degree of redox conditions is the primary factor affecting OM enrichment, followed by paleoproductivity. Nonetheless, anoxic to euxinic environments are most appropriate for OM preservation. Weak volcanic activity can boost paleoproductivity, but severe volcanic activity might introduce excessive harmful compounds that limit organism survival, resulting in a fall in paleoproductivity. Additionally, element P brought by volcanic ashes doesn't contribute to OM accumulation.