bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De Europese richtlijn onschuldpresumptie: bescheiden harmonisatie van een fundamenteel strafrechtelijk beginsel
Authors: van Noorloos L.A. 
Published: July 2016

De Europese richtlijn onschuldpresumptie: bescheiden harmonisatie van een fundamenteel strafrechtelijk beginsel
Dit artikel schetst de totstandkoming en inhoud van Richtlijn (EU) 2016/343 inzake het onschuldvermoeden en het aanwezigheidsrecht bij strafprocedures. Waarom is deze richtlijn er gekomen en wat voor verplichtingen schept zij voor het strafprocesrecht van de lidstaten? Kan deze richtlijn op het eerste gezicht een adequate bijdrage leveren aan het garanderen van een eerlijk proces voor verdachten?Richtlijn (EU) 2016/343 van het Europees Parlement en de raad van 9 maart 2016 betreffende de versterking van bepaalde aspecten van het vermoeden van onschuld en van het recht om in strafprocedures bij de terechtzitting aanwezig te zijn, PbEU 2016, L 65/1-11
Implementatie Aanbestedingsrichtlijnen 3.0: te laat maar een goede zaak
Authors: Ritsema van Eck W.M. 
Published: July 2016

Implementatie Aanbestedingsrichtlijnen 3.0: te laat maar een goede zaak
De Aanbestedingswet 2012 (Aw 2012) wordt aangepast om de nieuwe aanbestedingsrichtlijnen voor de klassieke overheid 2014/24/EU, de speciale sectoren 2014/25/EU en voor het gunnen van concessie 2014/23/EU te implementeren. Dit artikel geeft een overzicht van de belangrijkste wijzigingen die de nieuwe richtlijnen meebrengen voor de Nederlandse aanbestedingspraktijk. Aan bod komen onder meer het nieuwe regime voor diensten, de aanpassingen in de aanbestedingsprocedures en gunningscriteria, de introductie van past performance, de codificatie van de regels over de wezenlijke wijziging en de nieuwe regels voor concessies. Richtlijn 2014/24/EU van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 26 februari 2014 betreffende het plaatsen van overheidsopdrachten en tot intrekking van Richtlijn 2004/18/EG, PbEU 2014, L 94/65; Richtlijn 2014/25/EU van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 26 februari 2014 betreffende het plaatsen van opdrachten in de sectoren water- en energievoorziening, vervoer en postdiensten en houdende intrekking van Richtlijn 2004/17/EG, PbEU 2014, L 94/243; Richtlijn 2014/23/EU van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 26 februari 2014 betreffende het plaatsen van concessieovereenkomsten, PbEU 2014, L 94/1. www.eerstekamer.nl/wetsvoorstel/34329_implementatie
Interfering With Others - Re-configuring Ethnography as a Diffractive Practice
Authors: Mellander Elias , Wiszmeg Andréa 
Published: July 2016

This essay will concern itself with what we – ethnologists or ethnographers by any other name – do. Not primarily “do” in terms of activities we undertake; we interview, we observe, we write, we send emails, we have coffee, we print stacks of paper, we structure administrative chores, we go to meetings, we apply for grants, etc. Rather, we want to address the “do” in terms of what we make, or bring into the world through ethnography. What is it that we through the combination of all of our practices bring into being? What is that bringing into being dependent on? And, how does it influence the world? The first step to addressing these questions is outlining ethnography itself and how we – the authors – choose to articulate it. Articulation, as articulated by Donna Haraway is a process of signifying and of putting things together, letting them be diverse and maybe even in friction with one another and themselves. The concept connotes an on-going indeterminacy. The articulations made in research, we argue, should be allowed to be of a searching quality, as well as being relational and expressive. They should not excuse themselves, neither make greater claims than they can fulfill. They should never be conclusive.
Critical independence and personal integrity revisited
Authors: Lemmens Paul H.H.M. 
Published: July 2016

Lemmens, P. (2016). Critical independence and personal integrity revisited. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 13-14. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.230In my contribution I will deal with the topic of conflicts of interests through four short stories about the potential harms in collaboration between research and industry. I will let you analyze the stories yourself and draw from them your own issues to be debated later.
Equatorial ionization anomaly in the low‐latitude topside ionosphere: Local time evolution and longitudinal difference
Authors: Chen Yiding , Liu Libo , Le Huijun , Wan Weixing , Zhang Hui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlthough the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) has been widely studied, it was seldom investigated from observations for the topside ionosphere. In this paper, the climatology characteristics of the latitudinal structure of topside ion density (Ni) were investigated in detail using ROCSAT‐1 and DMSP Ni observations. EIA double‐peak structure may exist at 600 km, depending on longitude, local time, season, and solar activity, while it is not a prevalent characteristic at 840 km even at solar maximum sunset. Local time evolution of the EIA at 600 km was presented. The double‐peak structure begins to appear at noontime, being later than the appearance of the EIA in F2 peak region. The pronounced EIA induced by the strong prereversal enhancement at solar maximum begins to appear at 19:00 LT and can last to premidnight; EIA crest‐to‐trough ratio is largest (lowest) at March equinox (June solstice) and reaches a maximum at 20:00 LT in all seasons. EIA structure shows evident longitudinal difference. Pronounced EIA exists around about 100°E at 13:00 LT at the two equinoxes and June solstice, while it exists at more extensive longitudes (about 90°E to 240°E) at December solstice. The trans‐equator plasma transport induced by neutral winds can weaken the double‐peak structure in the topside ionosphere. The longitudinal difference in the EIA structure at 600 km is related to the longitudinal variations of equatorial upward plasma drift and geomagnetic declination.
On causality in nonlinear vacuum electrodynamics of the Plebański class
Authors: Schellstede Gerold O. , Perlick Volker , Lämmerzahl Claus 
Published: July 2016

We investigate the Plebański class of electrodynamical theories, i.e., theories of nonlinear vacuum electrodynamics that derive from a Lorentz‐invariant Lagrangian (or Hamiltonian). In any such theory the light rays are the lightlike geodesics of two optical metrics that depend on the electromagnetic background field. A set of necessary and sufficient conditions is found whose fulfillment secures that the optical metrics are causal in the sense that the light rays are lightlike or timelike with respect to the underlying space‐time metric. Thereupon we derive conditions on the Lagrangian, or the Hamiltonian, of the theory such that the causality conditions are satisfied for all allowed background fields. (The allowed values of the field strength tensor are those for which the excitation tensor is finite and real.) The general results are illustrated with several examples.
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Selective Oxytrifluoromethylation of Allylamines with CO2
Authors: Ye Jian‐Heng , Song Lei , Zhou Wen‐Jun , Ju Tao , Yin Zhu‐Bao , Yan Si‐Shun , Zhang Zhen , Li Jing , Yu Da‐Gang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractReported is the first oxy‐trifluoromethylation of allylamines with carbon dioxide (CO2) using copper catalysis, thus leading to important CF3‐containing 2‐oxazolidones. It is also the first time CO2, a nontoxic and easily available greenhouse gas, has been used to tune the difunctionalization of alkenes from amino‐ to oxy‐trifluoromethylation. Of particular note, this multicomponent reaction is highly chemo‐, regio‐, and diastereoselective under redox‐neutral and mild reaction conditions. Moreover, these reactions feature good functional‐group tolerance, broad substrate scope, easy scalability and facile product diversification. The important products could also be formed with either spirocycles or two adjacent tetrasubstituted carbon centers.
Mechanical and thermal properties of low density polyethylene composites filled with dye‐loaded shell powder
Authors: Yang Wenye , Ge Liuqin , Lv Han , Xia Meisheng , Ji Xiaosheng , Yao Zhitong 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTTo achieve reinforcement and coloring in one combined process of polymer production, a dye‐loaded shell powder (DPSP) based on Congo red and pearl shell powder was prepared and used as a versatile bio‐filler in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The DPSP was characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical, thermal, and colorimetric properties of prepared LDPE/DPSP composites were investigated as well. Adding DPSP could significantly increase the strength and stiffness of LDPE composites while giving an outstanding coloring performance. Moreover, the impact strength of LDPE composites was improved at lower filler loading rate, and the maximum incorporation content could reach 10 wt % with a good balance between toughness and stiffness of LDPE composites. The thermal performance studies confirmed an increase in thermal stability and heat resistance of LDPE composites with the incorporation of DPSP. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44118.
Preparation of polyacrylate/paraffin microcapsules and its application in prolonged release of fragrance
Authors: Zhang Yu , Song Jia , Chen Hongling 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present work was to develop a fragrance encapsulation system using polyacrylate/paraffin microcapsules. The Polyacrylate/paraffin microcapsules were fabricated by the method of suspension polymerization in Pickering emulsion. Morphology, size distribution, and thermal resistance of polyacrylate/paraffin microcapsules were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, light scattering particle size analyzer, and thermogravimetric analyzer. Results indicated that the crosslinked PMMA/paraffin microcapsules and P(MMA‐co‐BMA)/paraffin microcapsules prepared under optimal conditions presented regular spherical shape and similar size distribution. The crosslinked P(MMA‐co‐BMA)/paraffin microcapsules exhibited better thermal stability, with a thermal resistance temperature up to 184 °C. Fragrance microcapsules were prepared by encapsulating fragrance into crosslinked P(MMA‐co‐BMA)/paraffin microcapsules. The prolonged release performance of fragrance microcapsules was measured by ultraviolet‐visible near‐infrared spectrophotometer. 63.9% fragrance was retained after exposing fragrance microcapsules in air for 3 months, and the fragrance continued to release over 96 h in surfactant solution (sodium lauryl sulfonate, 20 wt %). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44136.
Comparing Different Strategies in Directed Evolution of Enzyme Stereoselectivity: Single‐ versus Double‐Code Saturation Mutagenesis
Authors: Sun Zhoutong , Lonsdale Richard , Li Guangyue , Reetz Manfred T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSaturation mutagenesis at sites lining the binding pockets of enzymes constitutes a viable protein engineering technique for enhancing or inverting stereoselectivity. Statistical analysis shows that oversampling in the screening step (the bottleneck) increases astronomically as the number of residues in the randomization site increases, which is the reason why reduced amino acid alphabets have been employed, in addition to splitting large sites into smaller ones. Limonene epoxide hydrolase (LEH) has previously served as the experimental platform in these methodological efforts, enabling comparisons between single‐code saturation mutagenesis (SCSM) and triple‐code saturation mutagenesis (TCSM); these employ either only one or three amino acids, respectively, as building blocks. In this study the comparative platform is extended by exploring the efficacy of double‐code saturation mutagenesis (DCSM), in which the reduced amino acid alphabet consists of two members, chosen according to the principles of rational design on the basis of structural information. The hydrolytic desymmetrization of cyclohexene oxide is used as the model reaction, with formation of either (R,R)‐ or (S,S)‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diol. DCSM proves to be clearly superior to the likewise tested SCSM, affording both R,R‐ and S,S‐selective mutants. These variants are also good catalysts in reactions of further substrates. Docking computations reveal the basis of enantioselectivity.
Microkinetic Modeling of Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation on Carbon‐Supported Palladium Nanoparticles
Authors: Savara Aditya , Rossetti Ilenia , Chan‐Thaw Carine E. , Prati Laura , Villa Alberto 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSix products are formed from benzyl alcohol oxidation over Pd nanoparticles using O2 as the oxidant: benzaldehyde, toluene, benzyl ether, benzene, benzoic acid, and benzyl benzoate. Three experimental parameters were varied here: alcohol concentration, oxygen concentration, and temperature. Microkinetic modeling using a mechanism published recently with surface intermediates was able to produce all 18 trends observed experimentally with mostly quantitative agreement. Approximate analytical equations derived from the microkinetic model for isothermal conditions reproduced the isothermal trends and provided insight. The most important activation energies are Ea2=57.9 kJ mol−1, Ea5=129 kJ mol−1, and Ea6=175 kJ mol−1, which correspond to alcohol dissociation, alkyl hydrogenation, and the reaction of alkyl species with alkoxy species. Upper limits for other activation energies were identified. The concepts of a sticking coefficient and steric factor in solution were applied.
Development of Bismuth‐Modified PtPd Nanocatalysts for the Electrochemical Reforming of Polyols into Hydrogen and Value‐Added Chemicals
Authors: González‐Cobos Jésus , Baranton Stève , Coutanceau Christophe 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDifferent PtPd nanostructured catalysts modified with bismuth have been synthesized on a carbon support. Their activity towards the glycerol electrooxidation reaction has been compared in alkaline medium, and modification with about 10 at % bismuth led to an increase in activity compared with pure metals. Pt9Bi1/C is the most active catalyst for this reaction, with an oxidation onset potential as low as 0.3 V versus RHE. The hydrogen production in a direct electrolysis cell was evaluated. The Pt9Bi1/C anode gave a hydrogen production rate of approximately 0.11 and 0.23 Nm
3 h−1 m−2 with an electrical energy consumption of 1.3 or 1.65 kWh (Nm
3)−1 at 0.55 or 0.7 V, respectively. Compared with traditional water electrolysis, this is an energy saving of between 66 and 57 %. It was also shown by using in situ FTIR spectroscopy that the modification of platinum with bismuth avoids (or at least drastically reduces) C−C bond breakage, which thus increases selectivity towards value‐added C3 compounds. At low potentials, glyceraldehyde is the main reaction product and at higher potentials, glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone act as reaction intermediates to the formation of carboxylates.
Nanoimpacts Reveal the Electron‐Transfer Kinetics of the Ferrocene/Ferrocenium Couple Immobilised on Graphene Nanoplatelets
Authors: Wu Haoyu , Lin Qianqi , Batchelor‐McAuley Christopher , Compton Richard G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe kinetics of the ferrocene/ferrocenium (Cp2Fe/Cp2Fe+) redox couple immobilised on graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in aqueous solution are evaluated by using the nanoimpacts method. Single GNPs modified with poly(vinylferrocene) are allowed to impact a microelectrode. For the duration (ca. 10–100 ms) of the impacts, the GNP adopts the potential of the electrode and acts as a “chemically modified nanoelectrode”. The study of individual impacts facilitates the resolution of fast electron‐transfer kinetics that, for the Cp2Fe/Cp2Fe+ couple, is shown to be at least 3±1 s−1.
Chemiresistor Arrays Prepared by Simple and Fast Vapor‐Phase Thiol Place‐Exchange Functionalization of Gold Monolayer‐Protected Cluster Films
Authors: Yang Yang , Cornwell Laura B. , Ibañez Francisco J. , Zamborini Francis P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe describe a simple, versatile, and relatively fast method to alter the sensor selectivity of chemiresistors based on films of Au monolayer‐protected clusters (MPCs) by varying their functionalization via vapor‐phase thiol place‐exchange reactions. Drop‐cast deposited films of hexanethiolate (C6S)‐coated Au MPCs are exposed to volatile thiol liquids, such as mercaptoethanol (HOC2S), mercaptopropionic acid (HOOCC2S), and mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (H3COSiC3S), which leads to thiol place‐exchange and new functionalities in the film. Generally, the film is about 10–20 % exchanged during the first 4 to 5 h and 80–90 % exchanged after 24 h. The extent and the rate of exchange decreases as the thickness of the film of C6S Au MPCs increases, leading to irreproducibility issues if film thickness is not carefully controlled. Importantly, the chemiresistive sensing response ratio of 2‐propanol relative to toluene vapor increased significantly from about 0.3 prior to exchange to 2.0 after 24 to 48 h of exchange with HOC2S, showing that the selectivity of the sensor could be significantly altered by this method, which is simpler, faster, and more amenable to a wide variety of ligands compared to solution‐based functionalization methods. The chemiresistive response of an unexchanged C6S Au MPC films and those exchanged with HOC2S, HOOCC2S, and H3COSiC3S demonstrates potential electronic nose applications.
Ist Pudding mit Vanille‐Geschmack mutagen?
Authors: Roth Klaus 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn dem 2015 publizierten Lehrbuch “Technische Biochemie” liest man, dass “Synthetisches Vanillin nicht ohne Bedenken ist”. Deshalb ist es durch das “Beratergremium für umweltrelevante Altstoffe” (BUA) der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker mit der höchsten Gefährdungsstufe “+3” als “krebserzeugend, mutagen, DNS‐Schäden verursachend und Chromosomen verursachend” eingestuft worden. Es wurde wissenschaftlich dargestellt, warum diese Behauptung aufgestellt wurde, wie sie wissenschaftliche widerlegt wurde und warum sie so lange als Gerücht überlebt hat.
Weekly paclitaxel, capecitabine, and bevacizumab with maintenance capecitabine and bevacizumab as first‐line therapy for triple‐negative, metastatic, or locally advanced breast cancer: Results from the GINECO A‐TaXel phase 2 study
Authors: Ferrero Jean‐Marc , Hardy‐Bessard Anne‐Claire , Capitain Olivier , Lortholary Alain , Salles Bruno , Follana Philippe , Herve Robert , Deblock Mathilde , Dauba Jérôme , Atlassi Mustapha , Largillier Rémy 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDThe current study was performed to determine the efficacy and safety of first‐line combination therapy with bevacizumab, paclitaxel, and capecitabine for triple‐negative, locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer (LA/MBC).METHODSPatients with measurable triple‐negative LA/MBC who had received no prior chemotherapy for their disease received 4‐weekly cycles of paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 for up to 6 cycles) combined with capecitabine (800 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1‐5, 8‐12, and 15‐19) and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg on days 1 and 14) repeated every 4 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate; secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival, duration of response, overall survival, and safety.RESULTSBetween April 2010 and March 2012, 62 eligible patients were enrolled. The median age of the patients was 57 years, 74% had received adjuvant chemotherapy, and 65% had visceral metastases. Patients received a median of 6 cycles (range, 1‐45 cycles). The objective response rate was 77% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 66%‐88%), including complete response in 19% of patients. The median duration of response was 5.6 months (range, 1.3‐27.6 months). The median progression‐free survival was 7.6 months (95% CI, 6.3‐9.0 months) and the median overall survival was 19.2 months (95% CI, 17.4‐20.9 months). The most common grade ≥3 adverse events were hypertension (35% of patients) and neutropenia (23% of patients); 5% of patients experienced febrile neutropenia. Grade ≥2 hand‐foot syndrome, alopecia, and nail toxicity each occurred in 40% of patients (adverse events were recorded before every cycle and graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4.0]). Treatment was interrupted because of toxicity in 22% of patients.CONCLUSIONSA triplet regimen of paclitaxel, capecitabine, and bevacizumab followed by maintenance therapy with capecitabine and bevacizumab demonstrated high activity and manageable safety in this difficult‐to‐treat population. Cancer 2016;122:3119–26. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Pediatric thyroid FNA biopsy: Outcomes and impact on management over 24 years at a tertiary care center
Authors: Amirazodi Elmira , Propst Evan J. , Chung Catherine T. , Parra Dimitri A. , Wasserman Jonathan D. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDThyroid malignancy is rare in young children, although the incidence increases sharply during adolescence. Nodular thyroid disease and thyroid cancer in children differ substantially from those in adults, because the rates of malignancy among children are roughly 5‐fold higher, and local and distant metastases as well as recurrences are more common. Even with the recent introduction of pediatric guidelines, there remains a paucity of pediatric data on which to base clinical decision making. The objectives of this study were to characterize the outcomes of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of nodular thyroid disease at a pediatric tertiary‐care institution over a 24‐year period and to relate cytopathology to histopathology and management decisions in this population.METHODSA retrospective review of patients who underwent preoperative FNAB and thyroid surgery between 1992 and 2015 was conducted. In total, 207 nodules were biopsied among 178 patients.RESULTSAdequate FNAB samples were obtained in 74% of biopsies. Sixty‐five patients underwent thyroidectomy after FNAB. In this group, the malignancy rates for lesions deemed benign, atypical, suspicious, and malignant on FNAB cytology were 16%, 67%, 71%, and 100%, respectively. Twenty‐seven individuals underwent >1 biopsy; however, no malignancies were identified in these patients. Surprisingly, the rate of malignancy in patients who underwent preoperative FNAB was not significantly different from the rate in those who proceeded directly to surgery (n = 146).CONCLUSIONSFNAB remains a valuable tool for preoperative assessment of pediatric thyroid nodules. When samples are adequate for assessment, cytology other than clearly “benign” merits referral for diagnostic or therapeutic thyroidectomy. In this series, FNAB did not reduce rates of surgery for benign disease. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:801‐10. © 2016 American Cancer Society.