bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of diagnosed α1-antitrypsin deficiency and its comorbidities: results from a large population-based database
Authors: Greulich Timm , Nell Christoph , Hohmann David , Grebe Marco , Janciauskiene Sabina , Koczulla Andreas Rembert , Vogelmeier Claus Franz 
Published: October 2016

α1-Antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetically determined disorder that is associated with different clinical manifestations. We aimed to assess the prevalence of diagnosed AATD and its comorbidities using a large healthcare database.In this retrospective longitudinal observational study, we analysed data from 4 million insurants. Using International Classification of Diseases revision 10 (ICD-10) codes, we assessed the prevalence, comorbidities and healthcare utilisation of AATD patients (E88.0 repeatedly coded) relative to non-AATD patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema or asthma.In our study population, we identified 673 AATD patients (590 aged ≥30 years), corresponding to a prevalence of 23.73 per 100 000 in all age groups and 29.36 per 100 000 in those ≥30 years. Based on the number of AATD cases detected in the sample size (673 out of 2 836 585), we extrapolated that there were 19 162 AATD cases in Germany during the years studied. AATD patients had a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease and diabetes relative to non-AATD asthma or emphysema patients. When compared to non-AATD COPD patients, AATD patients had significantly more consultations and more frequent and longer hospitalisations.Our data strengthen the assumption that AATD is associated with a variety of other diseases. Healthcare utilisation appears to be higher among AATD patients as compared to patients with non-AATD-related obstructive lung diseases.
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on energy balance regulation: a systematic review
Authors: Shechter Ari 
Published: October 2016

Obesity is both a cause and a possible consequence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), as OSA seems to affect parameters involved in energy balance regulation, including food intake, hormonal regulation of hunger/satiety, energy metabolism and physical activity. It is known that weight loss improves OSA, yet it remains unclear why continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) often results in weight gain.The goal of this systematic review is to explore if and how CPAP affects the behaviour and/or metabolism involved in regulating energy balance.CPAP appears to correct for a hormonal profile characterised by abnormally high leptin and ghrelin levels in OSA, by reducing the circulating levels of each. This is expected to reduce excess food intake. However, reliable measures of food intake are lacking, and not yet sufficient to make conclusions. Although studies are limited and inconsistent, CPAP may alter energy metabolism, with reports of reductions in resting metabolic rate or sleeping metabolic rate. CPAP appears to not have an appreciable effect on altering physical activity levels. More work is needed to characterise how CPAP affects energy balance regulation.It is clear that promoting CPAP in conjunction with other weight loss approaches should be used to encourage optimal outcomes in OSA patients.
Omalizumab reduces bronchial mucosal IgE and improves lung function in non-atopic asthma
Authors: Pillai Prathap , Chan Yih-Chih , Wu Shih-Ying , Ohm-Laursen Line , Thomas Clare , Durham Stephen R. , Menzies-Gow Andrew , Rajakulasingam Raj K. , Ying Sun , Gould Hannah J. , Corrigan Chris J. 
Published: October 2016

Omalizumab therapy of non-atopic asthmatics reduces bronchial mucosal IgE and inflammation and preserves/improves lung function when disease is destabilised by staged withdrawal of therapy.18 symptomatic, non-atopic asthmatics were randomised (1:1) to receive omalizumab or identical placebo treatment in addition to existing therapy for 20 weeks. Bronchial biopsies were collected before and after 12–14 weeks of treatment, then the patients destabilised by substantial, supervised reduction of their regular therapy. Primary outcome measures were changes in bronchial mucosal IgE+cells at 12–14 weeks, prior to regular therapy reduction, and changes in lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) after destabilisation at 20 weeks. Quality of life was also monitored.Omalizumab but not placebo therapy significantly reduced median total bronchial mucosal IgE+cells (p<0.01) but did not significantly alter median total mast cells, plasma cells, B lymphocytes, eosinophils and plasmablasts, although the latter were difficult to enumerate, being distributed as disperse clusters. By 20 weeks, lung function declined in the placebo-treated patients but improved in the omalizumab treated patients, with significant differences in absolute (p=0.04) and % predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (p=0.015).Omalizumab therapy of non-atopic asthmatics reduces bronchial mucosal IgE+mast cells and improves lung function despite withdrawal of conventional therapy.
Brucella abortus down-regulates MHC class II by the IL-6-dependent inhibition of CIITA through the downmodulation of IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1)
Authors: Velásquez Lis N , Milillo M Ayelén , Delpino M Victoria , Trotta Aldana , Fernández Pablo , Pozner Roberto G , Lang Roland , Balboa Luciana , Giambartolomei Guillermo H , Barrionuevo Paula 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Brucella abortus is an intracellular pathogen capable of surviving inside of macrophages. The success of B. abortus as a chronic pathogen relies on its ability to orchestrate different strategies to evade the adaptive CD4+ T cell responses that it elicits. Previously, we demonstrated that B. abortus inhibits the IFN-γ-induced surface expression of MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules on human monocytes, and this phenomenon correlated with a reduction in antigen presentation. However, the molecular mechanisms, whereby B. abortus is able to down-regulate the expression of MHC-II, remained to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that B. abortus infection inhibits the IFN-γ-induced transcription of MHC-II, transactivator (CIITA) and MHC-II genes. Accordingly, we observed that the synthesis of MHC-II proteins was also diminished. B. abortus was not only able to reduce the expression of mature MHC-II, but it also inhibited the expression of invariant chain (Ii)-associated immature MHC-II molecules. Outer membrane protein 19 (Omp19), a prototypical B. abortus lipoprotein, diminished the expression of MHC-II and CIITA transcripts to the same extent as B. abortus infection. IL-6 contributes to these down-regulatory phenomena. In addition, B. abortus and its lipoproteins, through IL-6 secretion, induced the transcription of the negative regulators of IFN-γ signaling, suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 and -3, without interfering with STAT1 activation. Yet, B. abortus lipoproteins via IL-6 inhibit the expression of IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), a critical regulatory transcription factor for CIITA induction. Overall, these results indicate that B. abortus inhibits the expression of MHC-II molecules at very early points in their synthesis and in this way, may prevent recognition by T cells establishing a chronic infection.
Lurbinectedin induces depletion of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), an essential component of its in vivo synergism with gemcitabine
Authors: Céspedes María Virtudes , Guillén María José , López-Casas Pedro Pablo , Sarno Francesca , Gallardo Alberto , Álamo Patricia , Cuevas Carmen , Hidalgo Manuel , Galmarini Carlos María , Allavena Paola , Avilés Pablo , Mangues Ramón 
Published: October 2016

We explored whether the combination of lurbinectedin (PM01183) with the antimetabolite gemcitabine may result in synergistic antitumor effect in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) models. We also studied the contribution of lurbinectedin to this synergism. This drug presents a dual pharmacological effect that contributes to its in vivo antitumor activity: (i) specific binding to DNA minor groove inhibiting active transcription and DNA repair; and (ii) specific depletion of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).
We evaluated the in vivo antitumor activity of lurbinectedin, gemcitabine (as single agents) and its combination in SW-1990 and MIA PaCa-2 cell-line xenografts and in patient-derived PDA models (AVATAR). Lurbinectedin-gemcitabine combination induced a synergistic effect on both, MIA PaCa-2 (CI=0.66) and SW1990 (CI=0.80) tumor xenografts. It also induced complete tumor remissions in 4 of 6 patient-derived PDA xenografts. This synergism was associated with enhanced DNA damage (anti-γ-H2AX), cell cycle blockage, caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. In addition to the enhanced DNA damage, which is a consequence of the interaction of the two drugs with the DNA, lurbinectedin induced TAMs depletion leading to CDA down-regulation in PDA tumors. This effect could, in turn, induce an increase of gemcitabine-mediated DNA damage that was especially relevant in high-density TAMs tumors. These results show that lurbinectedin can be used to develop “molecularly-targeted” combination strategies.
Brain diffusion changes in Eisenmenger syndrome
Authors: Dogan Ferit , Sen Dokumaci Dilek , Yildirim Ali , Bozdogan Erol , Boyaci Fatima N , Koca Bulent , Karakas Ekrem 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
This preliminary study aimed to evaluate whether there are changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the brain in patients presenting with Eisenmenger syndrome (ES).

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 10 consecutively recruited patients with ES and 10 healthy control subjects. In the patients and controls, eight distinct neuroanatomical locations were selected for analysis. Quantitative measurements of ADC values of the frontal white matter (FWM), occipital white matter, lentiform nucleus (LN), thalamus, frontal cortex, anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule and caudate nucleus were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS® (IBM Corp., New York, NY; formerly SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) for Windows v. 20. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation values. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to assess differences in the ADC values of each brain location between the ES group and the control group. Statistical significance was accepted at the level of p &lt; 0.05.

Results:
The ADC values of the FWM and LN were significantly higher in the ES group than that in the control group. The mean ADC levels of other brain regions were not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusion:
Chronic hypoxia in patients with ES may lead to diffusion changes in the brain tissue. There is a need for further studies to assess the clinical significance of cerebral ADC values in patients with ES.

Advances in knowledge:
The ratio of extracellular volume to intracellular volume in the FWM and LN can be considered to be increased in patients with ES.
The Probit Choice Model Under Sequential Search with an Application to Online Retailing
Authors: Kim Jun B. , Albuquerque Paulo , Bronnenberg Bart J. 
Published: October 2016

We develop a probit choice model under optimal sequential search and apply it to the study of aggregate demand of consumer durable goods. In our joint model of search and choice, we derive an expression for the probability of choice that obeys the full set of restrictions imposed by optimal sequential search. Estimation of our partially analytic model avoids the computation of high-dimensional integrations in the evaluation of choice probabilities, which is of particular benefit when search sets are large. We demonstrate the advantages of our approach in data experiments and apply the model to aggregate search and choice data from the camcorder product category at Amazon.com. We show that the joint use of search and choice data provides better performance in terms of inferences and predictions than using search data alone and leads to realistic estimates of consumer substitution patterns. Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2545 . This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
The potential crosstalk between the brain and adipose tissue in Obesity
Authors: Al-Mazeedi Sarah , Zakareia Faten 
Published: October 2016

Obesity is a major health problem that is increasing in an alarming rate and is associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. New strategies to combat obesity epidemic are urgently needed, but gaps in understanding of obesity pathogenesis continue to limit progress in this goal. This review aims at discussing the neural aspects of obesity and the brain potential role in energy balance ,also to contribute in the complex solution of obesity puzzle on neurological basis. The hypothalamic region of the brain is the center that plays an important role in the control of feeding and its related behaviors. A better understanding of its role and how it is affected by neuroendocrine and adipokines signaling might be helpful in developing new pharmacological therapy for obesity. Also, this article highlights different mechanisms by which altered brain signaling and hypothalamic inflammation predispose to diet –induced obesity.
Vitamin D status and its correlation with blood pressure in premenopausal Saudi women: a cross-sectional study.
Authors: Al Mazeedi Sarah , Al Kadi Hanan , Ardawi Mohammed 
Published: October 2016

Vitamin D deficiency is a major health problem in the Saudi population. A negative association between blood pressure and vitamin D level has been suggested in several clinical and epidemiological studies and evidence for an effect of vitamin D in lowering blood pressure was reported. These findings indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 deficiency may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension through its effect on the renin-angiotensin system. We are the first to investigate the correlation between blood pressure or renin concentration and vitamin D status in the Saudi population METHODS: we included 201 healthy Saudi premenopausal females (20-45 years old). Blood pressure was measured by a standardized method using an automated blood pressure monitor (BPTru). Fasting blood samples were collected from each participant after 20 minutes of rest in the seated position. Serum cholicalciferol, PTH and renin concentration were measured by sandwich chemiluminescence immunoassaymethod (DiaSorin, Italy). RESULTS: The analysis included 192 subjects who were normotensive (blood pressure <140/90 mmHg). A total of 34% of women had a severe deficiency (vitamin D ≤ 12.5 nmol/L); 41% had moderate deficiency (vitamin D levels between 12.5 - 25 nmol/L); 23% had mild deficiency (vitamin D level ≥ 25 - < 50 nmol/L); and 2% had insufficiency (vitamin D level ≥ 50 - ≤ 75 nmol/L). None had a sufficient level of ≥75 nmol/L. The systolic blood pressure ranged from 79-130.5mmHg and the diastolic from 48.5-85.5 mmHg. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in women that were in the lower 2 quartiles of vitamin D. However, linear regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders showed that 25(OH)D level was not a predictor of either systolic or diastolic blood pressures. A negative correlation (although not significant) was found between vitamin D level and plasma renin concentration in this study group. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent among the study group. Vitamin D was a not a predictor of either systolic or diastolic blood pressure. There was a negative correlation between vitamin D level and renin concentration although not statically significant. It is possible that any underlying relationship was obscured by the relatively young age group or due to the narrow blood pressure range of the studied population. A larger sample size including hypertensive subjects may be needed.
Gender Stereotypes in Primary School Turkish Textbooks<p>İlkokul Türkçe Ders Kitaplarında Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kalıp Yargıları
Authors: Kasa Başak , Şahan Birsen 
Published: October 2016

Gender involves socially loaded roles and responsibilities to men and women. Children begin to acquire information related to gender primarily within the family and then around the community. They spend important and a big part of their time in school after commencement of the education life. One of the important tools transferring individuals the social values imposed sense of community in schools are the textbooks. However, some texts and images presented in textbooks that often seem to have no interest in gender can observe gender differences between individuals. This presented differences adopted by individuals leads to make sense of self, upload values on its own and transfer this experience and knowledge into his/her life. In this study the texts and images located in the primary school 1-4 grade Turkish textbooks which are the Ministry of Education State Books publications were analyzed in terms of gender stereotypes. Research data was collected by the document analysis which is one of the qualitative research approaches. The characters in the texts and images located in the Primary school Turkish textbooks were examined in terms of gender stereotypes and collected data were analyzed using content analysis. According to obtained results of the research it was seen that the gender stereotypes were taken place in the texts and the images of the Primary School Turkish Textbooks. ÖzetToplumsal cinsiyet, kadın ve erkeğe sosyal olarak yüklenen rol ve sorumlulukları içermektedir. Çocuklar öncelikle aile içinde, sonrasında çevresinde ve toplumda cinsiyete yönelik bilgileri edinmeye başlarlar. Eğitim yaşamına başladıktan sonra ise zamanlarının önemli ve de büyük bir kısmını okulda geçirmektedirler. Okullarda, toplumun anlam yüklediği toplumsal değerleri bireylere aktaran önemli araçlardan birisi ise ders kitaplarıdır. Ancak ders kitaplarında sunulan ve çoğunlukla cinsiyetle ilgisi yokmuş gibi görünen bazı metinler ve resimler, bireyler arasında cinsiyet farklılığı gözetebilmektedir. Bu sunulan farklılıklar birey tarafından benimsenerek bireyin kendine ilişkin anlamlar çıkarmasına, değerler yüklemesine ve edindiği bu bilgileri yaşama aktarmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) Devlet Kitapları yayınlarının İlkokul 1-4. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan metinler ve resimler toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargıları açısından incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımın benimsendiği araştırmada veriler doküman incelemesi yoluyla toplanmıştır. İlkokul Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan metinlerdeki ve resimlerdeki karakterler toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargıları açısından incelenmiş ve toplanan veriler içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda ilkokul Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan metinlerde ve görsellerde toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargılarının yer aldığı görülmüştür.
Effect of demographic features to middle school students’ attitude towards FeTeMM (STEM)
Authors: Karakaya Ferhat , Avgın Sakine Serap 
Published: October 2016

In this research, which is done in order to determine the demographical features on middle school students’ 6th, 7th and 8th grades towards FeTeMM (STEM), scanning design is used. It is performed with 581 middle school students, and data are collected through Middle School Students’ point of view to Stem (S-Stem) scale. The research is implemented during 2015-2016 spring period. For statistical evaluation of gathered data, independent t-test and one direction variance analysis (anova), one direction variance analysis Kruskal-Wallis are used. Also, data are evaluated on 0.05 level relevance and its percentage, frequency, average and standard deviation levels are calculated. According to findings gathered from the study, it is seen that opinion of students to FeTeMM (STEM), the mother education level and father education level have a great effect but gender and class level haven’t. On the other hand, applied sciences, like maths, engineering and 21st century skills, the effects of students’ gender, mom and father education level and grade level are expressed.
Real Bodies in (Un)real Spaces: Space, Movement, and the Installation Sensibility in Lech Majewski’s The Mill and the Cross
Authors: Chakravorty Swagato 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Live-action bodies traverse digitally-constructed and digitized spaces in Lech Majewski’s The Mill and the Cross (Młyn i krzyż, 2011). Majewski, a Polish artist who has worked across media, imagines his film as an animation of the world represented in Pieter Bruegel’s painting, The Procession to Calvary. His unprecedented blending of real and painted bodies, spaces, and worlds in The Mill and the Cross draws attention to the necessity of acknowledging space and movement in contemporary approaches to embodied spectatorial experience. This essay considers how the film imagines and treats its space(s) and the relations it establishes between the film-as-text, painting-as-text, and the museal space that traditionally contains painting-but also, with increasing frequency, cinema. It proposes a reframing of the terms of discussion in intermediality, shifting from painting/cinema to installation/cinema. Finally, it explores a long-neglected notion of art and its space (and the possibility of inhabiting that space) as they (re-)emerge in contemporary expanded cinema.
The Draughtsman’s Contract and the Crisis of Structuralism
Authors: Fry Paul H. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Peter Greenaway’s cinema questions the numerical, verbal and pictorial determinations of sets and systems. Two or one, even or odd? (Twelve drawings or ‒ thirteen?) Is two, as a stabilization of symmetry, undermined by decompositions in time and space that defy any possible reduction to sub-binaries? This latter question is reserved mainly for A Zed and Two Noughts (1985), though it is anticipated in Vertical Features Remake (1978) and especially The Draughtsman’s Contract (1982), which I will treat as a response to both questions at once. The plot of this film, with its riderless horses and lack of an heir, raises the question Lévi-Strauss raised in the most influential exposition of structuralism we have, The Structural Study of Myth. Two or one? Are we born of parents or are we autochthonous? Lévi-Strauss’s reading of the Oedipus myth is an allegory of structuralism itself: are intelligible signs born from the differentiation of two other signs (binaries) or do they arise parthenogenetically, as “natural signs,” from the autonomous self-identity of what they represent? On the other hand, in the dissolution of identity we see in the body of Mr. Herbert raised from the moat, are there appearances that dissolve identity altogether? The paper will show how the overdetermined frame and its symmetries (the stationary camera, the draughtsman’s viewfinder and grid, the “framing” of Mr. Neville, etc.) are confirmed and disconfirmed by invasions of the frame, and the ways in which drawing, painting, and landscaping both “fix on paper” and disrupt the offspring or sterility of twinning.