bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residential exposure toAspergillusspp.is associated with exacerbations in COPD
Authors: Tiew Pei Yee , Leung Janice M. , Mac Aogáin Micheál , Johal Parteek , Jaggi Tavleen Kaur , Yuen Agnes Che Yan , Ivan Fransiskus Xaverius , Yang Julia , Afshar Tina , Tee Augustine , Koh Mariko Siyue , Lim Yee Hui , Wong Anthony , Chandrasekaran Lakshmi , Dacanay Justine G. , Drautz-Moses Daniela I. , Ong Thun How , Abisheganaden John A. , Chew Fook Tim , Schuster Stephan C. , Carlsten Christopher , Chotirmall Sanjay H. 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundSensitisation toAspergillus fumigatusis linked to worse outcomes in patients with COPD; however, its prevalence and clinical implications in domestic (residential) settings remains unknown.MethodsIndividuals with COPD (n=43) recruited in Singapore had their residences prospectively sampled and assessed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing including indoor air, outdoor air and touch surfaces (a total of 126 specimens). The abundance of environmentalA. fumigatusand the occurrence ofA. fumigatus(Asp f) allergens in the environment were determined and immunological responses toA. fumigatusallergens determined in association with clinical outcomes including exacerbation frequency. Findings were validated in 12 individuals (31 specimens) with COPD in Vancouver, Canada, a climatically different region.Results157 metagenomes from 43 homes were assessed. 11 and nine separateAspergillusspp.were identified in Singapore and Vancouver, respectively. Despite climatic, temperature and humidity variation,A. fumigatuswas detectable in the environment from both locations. The relative abundance of environmentalA. fumigatuswas significantly associated with exacerbation frequency in both Singapore (r=0.27, p=0.003) and Vancouver (r=0.49, p=0.01) and individuals with higher Asp f 3 sensitisation responses lived in homes with a greater abundance of environmental Asp f 3 allergens (p=0.037). Patients exposed and sensitised to Asp f 3 allergens demonstrated a higher rate of COPD exacerbations at 1-year follow-up (p=0.021).ConclusionEnvironmentalA. fumigatusexposure in the home environment including air and surfaces with resulting sensitisation carries pathogenic potential in individuals with COPD. Targeting domesticA. fumigatusabundance may reduce COPD exacerbations.
The McMaster Cough Severity Questionnaire (MCSQ): a cough severity instrument for patients with refractory chronic cough
Authors: Kum Elena , Guyatt Gordon H. , Abdulqawi Rayid , Dicpinigaitis Peter , Dupont Lieven , Field Stephen K. , French Cynthia L. , Gibson Peter G. , Irwin Richard S. , Johnston Faye , McGarvey Lorcan , Newman Robert , Popovic Nada , Smith Jaclyn A. , Song Woo-Jung , O'Byrne Paul M. , Satia Imran 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundCough severity represents an important end-point to assess the impact of therapies for patients with refractory chronic cough (RCC). Our objective was to develop a new patient-reported outcome measure addressing cough severity in patients with RCC.MethodsPhase 1 (item generation): a systematic survey, focus groups and expert consultation generated 51 items. Phase 2 (item reduction): from a list of 51 items, 100 patients identified those they had experienced in the previous year and rated their importance on a 5-point scale. The McMaster Cough Severity Questionnaire (MCSQ) included items reported to occur most frequently and that had the highest importance scores. Patient feedback on the MCSQ led to elimination of redundant items. Another 100 patients completed the MCSQ, from which we performed an exploratory factor analysis and a Rasch analysis to further refine items on the MCSQ.ResultsPrevious publications report on the details of Phase 1. Phase 2 led to selection of 15 items from the initial 51. Patient feedback on the 15 items led to elimination of five redundant items. An exploratory factor analysis of the 10-item MCSQ led to the selection of two domains, and the elimination of one item that demonstrated cross-loading and another that had high inter-item correlations. A Rasch analysis of the 8-item MCSQ confirmed that the response options functioned in a logically progressive manner and that no items exhibited differential item functioning. The final 8-item MCSQ has a 1-week recall period and includes two domains (intensity and frequency). The 8-item MCSQ had high internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.89), proved able to distinguish different levels of cough severity (person separation index 0.89) and demonstrated high cross-sectional convergent validity (Pearson's correlation 0.76, 95% CI 0.66–0.83) with the 100-mm cough severity visual analogue scale.ConclusionsInitial evidence supports the validity of the MCSQ, an 8-item instrument measuring cough severity in patients with RCC. Future studies should evaluate its properties in measuring change over time.
Prediction models for identifying medication overuse or medication overuse headache in migraine patients: a systematic review
Authors: Aramruang Teerapong , Malhotra Akshita , Numthavaj Pawin , Looareesuwan Panu , Anothaisintawee Thunyarat , Dejthevaporn Charungthai , Sirirutbunkajorn Nat , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder that presents significant management challenges, resulting in underdiagnosis and inappropriate treatments, leaving patients at risk of medication overuse (MO). MO contributes to disease progression and the development of medication overuse headache (MOH). Predicting which migraine patients are at risk of MO/MOH is crucial for effective management. Thus, this systematic review aims to review and critique available prediction models for MO/MOH in migraine patients.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted using Embase, Scopus, Medline/PubMed, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE databases from inception to April 22, 2024. The risk of bias was assessed using the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool.

Results
Out of 1,579 articles, six studies with nine models met the inclusion criteria. Three studies developed new prediction models, while the remaining validated existing scores. Most studies utilized cross-sectional and prospective data collection in specific headache settings and migraine types. The models included up to 53 predictors, with sample sizes from 17 to 1,419 participants. Traditional statistical models (logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression) were used in two studies, while one utilized a machine learning (ML) technique (support vector machines). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was employed to validate existing scores. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) for the ML model (0.83) outperformed the traditional statistical model (0.62) in internal validation. The AUROCs ranged from 0.84 to 0.85 for the validation of existing scores. Common predictors included age and gender; genetic data and questionnaire evaluations were also included. All studies demonstrated a high risk of bias in model construction and high concerns regarding applicability to participants.

Conclusion
This review identified promising results for MO/MOH prediction models in migraine patients, although the field remains limited. Future research should incorporate important risk factors, assess discrimination and calibration, and perform external validation. Further studies with robust designs, appropriate settings, high-quality and quantity data, and rigorous methodologies are necessary to advance this field.
Acupuncture improves spatial learning and memory impairment caused by herpes simplex virus type-1 in rats through the p38 MAPK/CREB pathway
Authors: Jin Hongjiao , Huang Rui , Li Zhu , Liu Mi , Zhao Ning , Zhang Haiyan , Lin Yong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Acupuncture can improve herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Therefore, we evaluated the cognitive function and apoptosis in hippocampus caused by herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) in rats after acupuncture and described the molecular mechanism.

Methods
Sprague–Dawley rats were induced into HSE models by HSV-1 infection. After 3 days, they received acupuncture at the acupoints of Xuanzhong (GB39), Baihui (GV20), Shenmen (HT7), Shenting (GV24), and Sanyinjiao (SP6), and/or intraperitoneal injection of the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Morris water maze test was performed on rats. The hippocampus of rats was obtained, and the expression of apoptosis-related genes in the tissues was detected by qRT-PCR. In addition, apoptosis-related proteins and proteins related to the p38 MAPK/CREB pathway in the tissues was detected by western blot.

Results
After HSV-1 induction, the rat's escape latency was increased, the time spent on the platform in the target quadrant and the number of platform crossings significantly decreased. In addition, there was an increase in apoptosis in the hippocampus, accompanied by elevated levels of p–p38 and decreased levels of p-CREB. However, these effects could be improved by acupuncture treatment. Interestingly, SB203580 plays a similar role to acupuncture, and acupuncture could further enhance the impacts of SB203580 on cognitive function and apoptosis in hippocampus in HSE rats.

Conclusion
Acupuncture improves spatial learning and memory impairment caused by HSV-1 in rats. The functional mechanism of acupuncture may be through the p38 MAPK/CREB pathway.
Implementing a new multidisciplinary, remote, dementia staff training program for Veterans affairs nursing homes
Authors: Shirsat Nikita R. , Lee Jennifer Ann , Pham Catherine , Miller Matthew J. , Chesney Margaret A. , Nicosia Francesca M. , Chao Linda , Barnes Deborah E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Preventing Loss of Independence through Exercise (PLIÉ) is a group program for people living with dementia that combines movements to support daily function with present moment body awareness and social engagement that has been found to have physical, emotional, social, and cognitive benefits. The goal of this study was to develop and refine a PLIÉ remote training program for interdisciplinary Veterans Affairs (VA) nursing home staff members also known as community living center (CLC) staff.

Methods
This pre-implementation study used iterative Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. The 10-week PDSA cycles occurred from June to September 2021 at 2 VA nursing home sites. Remote training was delivered via Microsoft Teams and included 1-hour live-streamed weekly didactic sessions (nursing staff with PLIÉ instructor) focused on PLIÉ principles and 1-hour weekly live-streamed experiential sessions for staff to apply PLIÉ principles with residents. We administered weekly feedback surveys to iteratively refine the training process.

Results
14 staff members participated (5 recreation therapists, 3 social workers, 2 registered nurses, 2 chaplains, 1 psychologist, and 1 speech pathologist). The experiential sessions were rated as most helpful overall. Key PDSA refinements included: (1) creating 10-minute video recording summaries to support learning, particularly for those unable to attend live training sessions due to clinical schedules; and (2) incorporating self-reflection and goal setting to support staff incorporation of PLIÉ principles into routine care and personal life. These refinements resulted in increased use of PLIÉ principles with the residents from 67 to 89% of the staff participants. 100% of regular attendees (11/11) rated their overall satisfaction with remote training as “very good” or “excellent.”

Conclusions
It was feasible to train interdisciplinary CLC staff participants to deliver an integrative group movement program for residents with dementia remotely. PDSA cycles supported refinement of the training process and improved uptake. A larger study of PLIÉ remote CLC staff training is needed to assess outcomes on residents and quality of care.
Induction of subject-ventilator asynchrony by variation of respiratory parameters in a lung injury model in pigs
Authors: Ran Xi , Scharffenberg Martin , Wittenstein Jakob , Leidermann Mark , Güldner Andreas , Koch Thea , Gama de Abreu Marcelo , Huhle Robert 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Subject-ventilator asynchrony (SVA) was shown to be associated with negative clinical outcomes. To elucidate pathophysiology pathways and effects of SVA on lung tissue histology a reproducible animal model of artificially induced asynchrony was developed and evaluated.

Methods
Alterations in ventilator parameters were used to induce the three main types of asynchrony: ineffective efforts (IE), auto-triggering (AT), and double-triggering (DT). Airway flow and pressure, as well as oesophageal pressure waveforms, were recorded, asynchrony cycles were manually classified and the asynchrony index (AIX) was calculated. Bench tests were conducted on an active lung simulator with ventilator settings altered cycle by cycle. The developed algorithm was evaluated in three pilot experiments and a study in pigs ventilated for twelve hours with AIX = 25%.

Results
IE and AT were induced reliably and fail-safe by end-expiratory hold and adjustment of respiratory rate, respectively. DT was provoked using airway pressure ramp prolongation, however not controlled specifically in the pilots. In the subsequent study, an AIX = 28.8% [24.0%-34.4%] was induced and maintained over twelve hours.

Conclusions
The method allows to reproducibly induce and maintain three clinically relevant types of SVA observed in ventilated patients and may thus serve as a useful tool for future investigations on cellular and inflammatory effects of asynchrony.
Efficacy and safety of olezarsen in lowering apolipoprotein C-III and triglycerides in healthy Japanese Americans
Authors: Karwatowska-Prokopczuk Ewa , Lesogor Anastasia , Yan Jing-He , Hoenlinger Angelika , Margolskee Alison , Li Lu , Tsimikas Sotirios 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Olezarsen is a GalNAc3-conjugated, hepatic-targeted antisense oligonucleotide that lowers apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) and triglyceride levels. The efficacy and safety of olezarsen has not previously been studied in ethnically diverse American populations. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of olezarsen in healthy Japanese Americans.

Methods
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 1 study was performed in 28 healthy Japanese American participants treated with olezarsen in single-ascending doses (SAD; 30, 60, 90 mg) or multiple doses (MD; 60 mg every 4 weeks for 4 doses). The primary, secondary, and exploratory objectives were safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and effects of olezarsen on fasting serum triglycerides and apoC-III, respectively.

Results
There were 20 participants (16 active:4 placebo) in the SAD part of the study, and 8 participants (6 active:2 placebo) in the MD part of the study. For the primary endpoint, no serious adverse events or clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities were reported. The majority of olezarsen plasma exposure occurred within 24 h post-dose. In the SAD cohorts at Day 15 the percentage reduction in apoC-III/TG was − 39.4%/ − 17.8%, − 60.8%/ − 52.7%, and − 68.1%/ − 39.2% in the 30, 60 and 90 mg doses, respectively, vs 2.3%/44.5% increases in placebo. In the MD cohort, at Day 92 the percentage reduction in apoC-III/TG was − 81.6/ − 73.8% vs − 17.2/ − 40.8% reduction in placebo. Favorable changes were also present in VLDL-C, apoB and HDL-C.

Conclusions
Single- and multiple-dose administration of olezarsen was safe, was well tolerated, and significantly reduced apoC-III and triglyceride levels in healthy Japanese Americans.
Biomechanical study of the stability of posterior cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy and short-segment lateral mass screw fixation: a finite element analysis
Authors: Li Kunpeng , Yu Qun , Wang Chongyi , Zhang Runtong , Fu Qingyang , Feng Yunze , Liu Chen , Wang Xinlong , Zhang Ronghan , Li Le , Si Haipeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Posterior cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty (EODL) may cause postoperative C5 palsy, and it can be avoided by EODL with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy. However, prophylactic C4/5 foraminotomy can compromise cervical spine stability. To prevent postoperative C5 palsy and boost cervical stability, We propose a new operation method: EODL combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy and short-segment lateral mass screw fixation. However, there are no studies on the biomechanical properties of this surgery.

Purpose
Evaluating the biomechanical characteristics of EODL combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy and short-segment lateral mass screw fixation and other three classic surgery.

Methods
An original model (A) and four surgical models (B-E) of the C2-T1 vertebrae of a female patient were constructed. (B) EODL; (C) EODL combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy; (D) C3-6 expansive open-door laminoplasty combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy and short-segment lateral mass screw fixation; (E) C3-6 expansive open-door laminoplasty combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy and C3-6 lateral mass screw system. To compare the biomechanical properties of cervical posterior internal fixation; (E) C3-6 expansive open-door laminoplasty combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy and C3-6 lateral mass screw system. To compare the biomechanical properties of cervical posterior internal fixation methods, six physiological motion states were simulated for the five models using a 100N load force and 1.5Nm torque. The biomechanical advantages of the four internal fixation systems were evaluated by comparing the ranges of motion (ROMs) and maximum stresses.

Results
The overall ROM of Model C outperformed the other four models, reaching a maximum ROM in the extension state of 10.59°±0.04°. Model C showed a significantly higher ROMs of C4/5 segment than other four models. Model D showed a significantly lower ROM of C4/5 segment than both Model B and Model C. Model E showed a significantly lower ROM of C4/5 segment than Model D. The stress in the four surgical models were mainly concentrated on the internal fixation systems.

Conclusion
EODL combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy and short-segment lateral mass screw fixation can maintain the stability of the spine and has minimal effects on the patient’s cervical spine ROMs in the extension and flexion state. As a result, it may be a promising treatment option for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) to prevention of postoperative C5 palsy.
Predominance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli among ESBL/plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing strains isolated from diarrheic foals: a public health concern
Authors: Samir Ahmed , Abdel-Moein Khaled A. , Zaher Hala M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The upsurge of diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)/plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) among animals constitutes an emerging threat for humans and animals. This study investigated the burden of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing diarrheagenic E. coli among diarrheic foals and its potential public health implications. Rectal swabs were collected from 80 diarrheic foals. These swabs were processed to isolate and identify ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli using a selective culture medium, biochemical tests, phenotypic identification, and molecular identification of ESBL- and pAmpC-encoding genes. Moreover, all ESBL-/pAmpC-producing E. coli isolates were examined for different virulence genes related to diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes.

Results
Out of 80 examined foals, 26 (32.5%) were confirmed as ESBL-/pAmpC-producing E. coli, of which 14 (17.5%) animals carried only ESBL-producing E. coli, whereas 12 (15%) animals possessed ESBL-pAmpC-producing E. coli. The only detected diarrheagenic pathotype was enterotoxigenic, encoded by the heat-stable enterotoxin gene (ST) with a prevalence rate of 80.8% (21/26). The ST gene was further characterized where STa, STb, and STa + STb were found in one, four, and 16 strains, respectively. Moreover, all enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistance pattern. The phylogenetic analysis of 3 obtained partial STb sequences revealed high genetic relatedness to ETEC isolates retrieved from humans, conferring such sequences' public health significance.

Conclusions
These findings highlight that diarrheic foals could serve as a potential reservoir for multidrug-resistant ESBL-/pAmpC-producing enterotoxigenic E. coli.
Consecutive annual mowing reduces soil respiration and increases the proportion of autotrophic component in a meadow steppe
Authors: Zhu Wen , Legesse Tsegaye Gemechu , Dong Xiaobing , Li Aogui , Shi Ziyue , Tong Qi , Shao Changliang , Liu Weixing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Bcakground
Soil respiration (Rs), as the second largest CO2 emissions of terrestrial ecosystems, is sensitive to disturbance and consequent environmental changes. Mowing is strategically implemented as an management approach and has the potential to influence carbon cycling in meadow steppes. However, it remains unclear how and why Rs and its heterotrophic (Rh) and autotrophic (Ra) components respond to consecutive mowing and associated ecological consequences. Here, we conducted a field mowing experiment in a meadow steppe in 2018 and monitored Rs, Rh, and Ra from 2019 to 2022.

Results
We observed a significant reduction in Rs by 4.8% across four years, primarily attributed to a decrease in Rh. This decline in Rs intensified over time, indicating an accumulative effect of mowing. In addition, mowing induced an generally increasing Ra/Rs ratio over the experimental years with a simultaneous increase in the ratio of belowground to aboveground biomass (BGB/AGB). Furthermore, structural equation modeling results revealed that the decline in Rs was largely ascribed to reduced microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under mowing, while the increased Ra/Rs was primarily explained by the enhanced BGB/AGB. Partial regression analysis suggested that the biotic factor of microbial biomass dominated changes in soil respiration induced by mowing rather than abiotic soil temperature.

Conclusions
Our findings showed that consecutive mowing decreased Rs and raised Ra/Rs in meadow steppe by decreasing plant biomass and altering the proportion of biomass allocation. This observed decline in Rs would help to reduce CO2 concentration in atmosphere as well as alleviate global warming. However, considering the concurrent lower microbial biomass, the potential positive impacts of mowing on climate and ecosystem function should be reevaluated in future grassland management practices.