bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal variability in stable isotope ratios of C and N in the vibrissa of captive and wild adult South American sea lions Otaria byronia: More than just diet shifts
Authors: Cardona Luis , Vales Damián , Aguilar Alex , Crespo Enrique , Zenteno Lisette 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe analyzed the δ13C and δ15N values in the vibrissae of captive adult breeding South American sea lions (Otaria byronia) fed at a constant diet and then used this information to analyze the change in stable isotope values along the vibrissae from wild individuals. The overall diet‐to‐vibrissa discrimination factor of the captive animals was 3.0‰ ± 0.1‰ for δ13C and 3.6‰ ± 0.1‰ for δ15N, but the stable isotope ratios fluctuated periodically despite constant diet. The δ13C and δ15N values of the captive male declined at the end of the breeding season, whereas the δ13C values of the female increased during the central part of pregnancy and the δ15N values peaked during lactation. The δ13C and δ15N values of adult wild specimens also fluctuated periodically and vibrissae growth rate (0.15 mm/d in both sexes) was slightly lower than in captivity (0.17 mm/d), assuming an annual periodicity for oscillations. Similarities in the amplitude of the cycles of captive and wild males suggested that fasting was probably the main source of periodic variability in the δ15N of wild males, whereas pregnancy and lactation were probably the main source of periodic variability for the δ13C of wild females.
High prevalence of superficial white onychomycosis by Trichophyton interdigitale in a Japanese nursing home with a geriatric hospital
Authors: Watanabe Seiji , Anzawa Kazushi , Mochizuki Takashi 
Published: April 2017

SummaryA mycological survey on feet was performed in a nursing home with a geriatric hospital to ascertain the prevalence of tinea lesions. Of 100 subjects, comprising 62 in the nursing home and 38 in the geriatric wing, 70 were diagnosed with tinea pedis, tinea unguium (onychomycosis) or both of which 54 had onychomycosis alone, nine tinea pedis alone and seven had co‐existing onychomycosis and tinea pedis. The most common clinical type of onychomycosis was distal lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO) at 30 cases, followed by superficial white onychomycosis (SWO) at 23 cases. Fifteen strains of Trichophyton (T.) interdigitale isolated from 23 SWO patients comprised six molecular types (D2II, nine cases; C2II, two cases; four other types, one case of each), based on the non‐transcribed spacer region (NTS) of the ribosomal DNA. The pathogen of three other SWO cases was identified as T. rubrum. Direct physical contact between the subjects was unlikely because they were bedridden most of the time. Nine T. interdigitale strains were isolated from a bathtub used by patients on the floor with a high incidence of SWO alone, and all nine strains were D2II type, which suggests nosocomial infection. Consequently, the hospital infection control policy committee was consulted, bathing arrangements were changed, and nursing staff were educated about onychomycosis.
Fluorofenidone attenuates interleukin‐1β production by interacting with NLRP3 inflammasome in unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Zheng Linfeng , Zhang Jin , Yuan Xiangning , Tang Juan , Qiu Sisi , Peng Zhangzhe , Yuan Qiongjing , Xie Yanyun , Mei Wenjuan , Tang Yiting , Meng Jie , Hu Gaoyun , Tao Lijian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimWe explored whether Fluorofenidone reduced interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) production by interacting with NLRP3 inflammasome in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).MethodsUreteral obstruction rats were treated with Fluorofenidone (500 mg/kg per day) for 3, 7 days. Morphologic analysis and leukocytes infiltration were assessed in ligated kidneys. Furthermore, plasmids of NLRP3, ASC, pro‐Caspase‐1, pro‐IL‐1β were co‐transfected into 293 T cells, and then treated with Fluorofenidone (2 mM). The expression of NLRP3, ASC, pro‐caspase‐1, cleavage caspase‐1, pro‐IL‐1β and cleavage IL‐1β were measured by Western blot or real‐time PCR in vivo and in vitro. Moreover the interaction of NLRP3 inflammasome‐assembly was detected by co‐immunoprecipitation and confocal immunofluorescence.ResultsFluorofenidone treatment significantly attenuated renal fibrosis and leukocytes infiltration in UUO model. Fluorofenidone had no effect on the expression of pro‐IL‐1β. Interestingly, Fluorofenidone inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, downregulated Caspase‐1 levels and thereby decreased the cleavage of pro‐IL‐1β into IL‐1β in vivo and in vitro. Fluorofenidone treatment distinctively weakened the interaction between NLRP3 and ASC, as well as ASC and pro‐Caspase‐1 in vivo. However, Fluorofenidone treatment only significantly weakened the interaction between ASC and pro‐Caspase‐1 in co‐transfected 293 T cells.ConclusionFluorofenidone serves as a novel anti‐inflammatory agent that attenuates IL‐1β production in UUO model by interacting with NLRP3 inflammasome.
Membrane transport status does not predict peritonitis risk in patients on peritoneal dialysis
Authors: So Sarah , Aw Laraine , Sud Kamal , Lee Vincent W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to determine whether peritoneal membrane transport status (MTS) is associated with peritonitis or poor peritoneal dialysis‐related outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analysed data of incident adult patients on peritoneal dialysis in Western Sydney between 1 October 2003 and 31 December 2012. Only patients who underwent peritoneal equilibration and adequacy tests within 6 months of commencement were included. Kaplan–Meier survival curves for time until first peritonitis and time until composite endpoint of peritonitis, death or technique failure, censored for transplant, were constructed.ResultsAbout 397 patients, mean age 58.8(+/−2SD29) years, body mass index (BMI) 26.6(+/−5) kg/m2 and serum albumin 35.4(+/−5) g/L were included. About 59.2% had high/high‐average peritoneal MTS; 45.8% were past and current smokers; 51.9% developed at least one episode of peritonitis; 7.6% changed to haemodialysis; 6.3% underwent transplantation; 8.8% died; and 25.4% remained free of the aforementioned events over a mean follow‐up period of 22.5 months (range 0–115 months). Peritoneal MTS was not associated with time to first peritonitis (p = 0.67) or composite endpoint of peritonitis, death or technique failure (p = 0.12). Smoking and hypoalbuminaemia independently predicted time to first peritonitis. Past and current smokers had a hazard ratio of 1.38 (95% CI 1.03–1.86) for shorter time to first peritonitis, significant after adjustment for serum albumin (p = 0.033). Serum albumin <32 g/L had a hazard ratio of 1.74 (95% CI 1.13–2.67) for shorter time to first peritonitis, significant after adjusting for smoking (p = 0.012).ConclusionSmoking and hypoalbuminaemia, but not MTS, were associated with shorter time to first peritonitis and composite endpoint of peritonitis, death and technique failure.
Effects of pre‐education combined with a simulation for caring for children with croup on senior nursing students
Authors: Lee Myung‐Nam , Kang Kyung‐Ah , Park Sun‐Jung , Kim Shin‐Jeong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEducational outcomes, such as knowledge, confidence in performance, ability in nursing practice, and satisfaction with learning methods in caring for children with croup, were compared between groups of students that received education through simulation combined with pre‐education, simulation only, and pre‐education only. In this quasi‐experimental design, the educational intervention for the experimental group was the pre‐education modality. Data from a convenience sample of 127 senior nursing students were drawn from three nursing schools in South Korea. There were significant differences in the mean scores of knowledge, confidence in performance, satisfaction with the learning method, and ability in nursing practice between the three groups. Pre‐education with simulation significantly enhanced students' knowledge, confidence in performance, ability in nursing practice, and satisfaction with learning methods compared with pre‐education or simulation alone. Simulation strategies should focus more on enhancing nursing students' learning outcomes.
Irisin and musculoskeletal health
Authors: Colaianni Graziana , Cinti Saverio , Colucci Silvia , Grano Maria 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIrisin is a hormone‐like myokine produced in abundance by skeletal muscle in response to exercise, both in mice and humans. Once released into the circulation, irisin acts on white adipocytes to induce the browning response and subsequently activates nonshivering thermogenesis. We have examined the premise that irisin produced during exercise may subserve further functions in the musculoskeletal system. We review evidence for its possible skeletal effects, including the central role that irisin plays in the control of bone mass, with positive effects on cortical mineral density and geometry in mice. We also review the autocrine effects of irisin in skeletal muscle, in which it upregulates the expression of its precursor (FNDC5). Since loss of bone and muscle mass occurs with aging, immobility, and several metabolic diseases, future studies exploring the efficacy of irisin in restoring bone and reversing muscle wasting could be important to establishing irisin as a molecule that combines beneficial effects for treating osteoporosis and muscular atrophy. If the results from mice were confirmed in human studies, an irisin‐based therapy could be developed for physically disabled or bedridden patients.
Assemblage, Structure and Meaning in Bronze Metalwork Studies: an Analysis of the British Penard Assemblage
Authors: Needham Stuart 
Published: April 2017

SummaryMulti‐object metalwork deposits provide the foundation block for many branches of enquiry, yet surprisingly little attention has been paid to the methodological issues that underlie their analysis and interpretation. The framework outlined here aims to circumvent some of the dangers of circular argument inherent in the concepts of metalwork ‘stages’, ‘phases’ or ‘traditions’, as well as in assumptions of pan‐regional synchronizations in metalwork developments. The term ‘Assemblage’ is defined to provide a carefully circumscribed but interpretatively neutral framework for the study of metalwork groups linked by association. Assemblage subdivisions allow significant internal variations to be explored for temporal, social and cultural meanings. These analytical devices used in conjunction with ‘bubble chronologies’ allow flexibility in detailed interpretation whilst holding on to a consensually agreed near‐empirical structure. Consideration is also given to the problem of regional phase groups of metalwork that lack associations and thus preclude Assemblage definition. The case of the Penard Assemblage is salient owing to the debate about whether the ‘Wallington complex’ should be considered an integral part of it. Although the ‘Assemblage/Aspect/Group’ structure applied here can accommodate some divergence in views, available evidence supports typo‐chronological coherence between Penard and Wallington material. Occasional associations used recently to justify a ‘Limehouse phase’ between Penard to Wilburton metalwork are just as easily understood as representing a transition towards 1100 bc. The lack of associations for the Limehouse family of swords, largely contemporary with late Penard, is argued to be an accentuation of the already rare occurrence of swords in earlier associations. The depositional phenomena of the Penard Assemblage are instead centred on an array of palstaves, rapiers, spearheads, shields and gold ornaments.
The Manching Zoo
Authors: Sievers Susanne 
Published: April 2017

SummaryWhile the significance of the bird and animal world in the imagery of La Tène art is clear, the opportunity is taken here to bring together a number of pieces, both well‐known and recent, from the major site of Manching. Noting associations where these can be ascertained, it is argued that the animal figures seem to underline the significance of Manching as a cultic centre.
Cult Places at Former Oppida in South‐East Gaul: Questions of Memory, Tradition and Identity
Authors: Golosetti Raphaël 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThis paper offers a new perspective on the reuse of Celtic fortified hilltops by Gallo‐Roman shrines. Going beyond the simplistic explanation of continuity, I shall argue for the role of memory in the perception of the landscape and in the location of some Gallo‐Roman shrines. This paper opposes the argument for continuity of sacred spaces and Celtic cults during the Roman period despite abandonment of the settlements. The evidence supports a more symbolic protohistoric expression, beyond that attendant on the place of a cult. The continuity concealed breaks, changes and modifications. I put forward the concept of ‘fictive continuity’, after Hobsbawm. The reclamation of a place of memory assigns a greater visibility to these shrines, enhancing their topographical appearance at the highest points in their respective landscapes, thus enabling the sites to appropriate fully space and place and to ensure cohesion within the community.
Developments in Harnessing and Draught in the Roman World
Authors: Brownrigg Gail , Crouwel Joost 
Published: April 2017

SummaryMaterial remains of harness elements from different parts of the Roman Empire have contributed to a new interpretation of the harness depicted on funerary reliefs of the second‐third centuries AD from north‐western Europe and on other figured documents, such as Trajan's Column in Rome (dedicated in 113 AD). As recent experimental reconstruction has shown, the curved wooden plaques, held firmly in place by a metal bow, may have formed a precedent for the collar and hames developed during the Middle Ages into the form still in use today. The most important innovation was the introduction – no later than the second century AD – of single draught between shafts, replacing traditional paired draught with pole and yoke. There is even some evidence that other elements of modern harness, such as traces and the whippletree, hitherto considered to be medieval inventions, were also known during the period of the Roman Empire.
Atrial fibrillation originating from superior vena cava with atrial flutter‐electrocardiogram pattern
Authors: Huang Hung‐Kai , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Lo Li‐Wei , Hu Yu‐Feng , Chung Fa‐Po , Huang Yen‐Chang , Lin Chung‐Hsing , Chan Chao‐Shun , Chang Hung‐Yu , Lin Chin‐Yu , Chang Yao‐Ting , Huang Ching‐Hui , Chen Shih‐Ann 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundsSubstrate property is related to the genesis and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of substrate property on the electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with AF originating from the superior vena cava (SVC).Methods and ResultsSeventy‐six patients with AF originating from SVC who underwent catheter ablation were included from 2004 to 2013. Of these patients, 16 had a presentation of atrial flutter (AFL)‐pattern ECG during AF (group 1), and 60 patients did not (group 2). There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between the groups. The percentage of low voltage zone (LVZ) in SVC below the level of pulmonary artery in group 1 was significantly larger than that in group 2. The polarities of the flutter wave in 12‐lead ECG were compared with another 26 subjects with reverse typical AFL. The ECG morphology was characterized by negative or biphasic P waves in lead V1 in most of the patients in group 1 (62.5%), which was analogous to that in reverse typical AFL. The negative polarity of flutter waves in aVL might distinguish SVC AF with an AFL‐pattern from reverse typical AFL.ConclusionThe ECG characteristics of AF originating from SVC can mimic atypical AFL. LVZ in the SVC may be associated with the presentation of AFL‐pattern ECG.
The first species ofHapalodectes(Mesonychia, Mammalia) from the middle Paleocene of China (Qianshan Basin, Anhui Province) sheds light on the initial radiation of hapalodectids
Authors: Solé Floréal , De Bast Eric , Yang Jian , Li Cheng‐Sen , Smith Thierry 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA lower jaw of the mesonychianHapalodectesis reported from Nongshanian sediments (Upper Doumu Formation; middle Paleocene) of the Qianshan Basin (Anhui Province, China). The fragmentary mandible is only the third specimen of Hapalodectidae discovered in Paleocene deposits, and the first in south east China; it is moreover the oldest, the two other specimens having been found in Gashatan (late Paleocene) localities. The premolars and molars of the new fossil are morphologically similar toHapalodectes dux(late Paleocene of Mongolia), which has been considered to be the most primitive hapalodectid, but their relative proportions recallH. paleocenusand the EoceneHapalodectesspecies. As a result, the fossil described herein appears to be different from the other previously described species ofHapalodectesin being morphologically intermediate betweenH. duxand the otherHapalodectesspecies, notably the BumbanianHapalodectes hetangensisandH. huanghaiensisfrom China; it is thus identified as a new species,Hapalodectes lopatini(possibly a male individual). Its discovery is important because it sheds light on the initial radiation of hapalodectids. The presence of one primitive hapalodectid in Mongolia previously suggested the Mongolian Plateau as the centre of origination of this carnivorous family, but the discovery ofH. lopatiniin older sediments from south‐east China challenges this hypothesis. In the earliest Eocene,Hapalodectesdispersed from Asia to North America; this event being part of the ‘East of Eden’ dispersals. This event resulted in the geographical separation of two distinctHapalodectesgroups, in North America and south‐eastern China respectively.
Modelling enrolment in Cambrian trilobites
Authors: Esteve Jorge , Rubio Pedro , Zamora Samuel , Rahman Imran A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTrilobites were capable of enroling in different ways based on the flexible articulation of thoracic segments and associated interlocking devices; the type of enrolment (spiral or sphaeroidal) is thought to have largely depended on the coaptative devices that each trilobite used to enclose the body. Based on X‐ray microtomography scans of complete enrolled specimens from the Cambrian, we created three‐dimensional (3D) computer models to assess the kinematics needed to achieve both enrolment types. We demonstrate that closely related trilobites with little morphological variation (Bailiaspis?, Conocoryphe and Parabailiella) developed different enrolment types as a result of small variations in the number of thoracic segments and the angle between adjacent segments. Moreover, our models indicate that sphaeroidal enrolment, which is associated with a smaller number of thoracic segments, enabled faster encapsulation. This supports the hypothesis that there was a trend in the evolution of trilobites towards reduction in the number of thoracic segments in phylogenetically derived taxa in order to enhance the efficiency of enrolment.
An evaluation of the mixed pediatric unit for blood loss replacement in pediatric craniofacial surgery
Authors: Mogensen Stefan , Lubenow Norbert , Nilsson Pelle , Engquist Henrik , Knutsson Folke , Enblad Per , Nowinski Daniel , Frykholm Peter 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundSurgical correction for craniosynostosis is often associated with significant perioperative hemorrhage. We implemented a transfusion strategy with a strict protocol including transfusion triggers, frequent assessment of coagulation tests, and the use of a novel transfusion unit, the mixed pediatric unit.AimThe aim of the study was to evaluate if the applied transfusion strategy could reduce total blood loss and number of blood donors.MethodsChildren <1 year old admitted for craniosynostosis surgery were included for the study. On the day before surgery, an adult red blood cell unit was mixed with plasma and split into two mixed pediatric units—one intended for intraoperative use and the other saved for the postoperative period. A series of blood samples were obtained for standard coagulation parameters as well as thromboelastography to evaluate potential coagulopathy. Estimated blood loss, the number of additional standard packed red cell units opened in the first 24 h after surgery, the volume of fluid administered, and the total transfusion volumes were compared to a historical control group with similar age and characteristics.ResultsNineteen infants were included in the study group, and were compared to 21 historical controls. There was a significant reduction of intraoperative transfusion volume. Twelve patients were transfused postoperatively, but in 8 of these additional exposure to packed red cell donor blood was avoided by using the saved mixed pediatric unit. In the historical controls, a total of 10 packed red cell units were used in nine patients postoperatively. No additional transfusions of plasma, platelets, fibrinogen, or tranexamic acid were needed in either group, and the coagulation parameters including thromboelastography remained within their respective normal ranges in the study group.ConclusionFor craniofacial surgery in infants, moderate perioperative blood loss and avoidance of coagulopathy is possible when a multifactorial approach is implemented. In this setting, intraoperative, but not total perioperative blood loss was reduced with the studied protocol. The study indicates that there may be a role for mixed pediatric units to reduce exposure to multiple donors although the reduction in total donor exposure was not significant.
LecRK‐V, an L‐type lectin receptor kinase in Haynaldia villosa, plays positive role in resistance to wheat powdery mildew
Authors: Wang Zongkuan , Cheng Jiangyue , Fan Anqi , Zhao Jia , Yu Zhongyu , Li Yingbo , Zhang Heng , Xiao Jin , Muhammad Faheem , Wang Haiyan , Cao Aizhong , Xing Liping , Wang Xiue 
Published: April 2017

SummaryPlant sense potential microbial pathogen using pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to recognize pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The Lectin receptor‐like kinase genes (LecRKs) are involved in various cellular processes mediated by signal transduction pathways. In the present study, an L‐type lectin receptor kinase gene LecRK‐V was cloned from Haynaldia villosa, a diploid wheat relative which is highly resistant to powdery mildew. The expression of LecRK‐V was rapidly up‐regulated by Bgt inoculation and chitin treatment. Its transcript level was higher in the leaves than in roots, culms, spikes and callus. Single‐cell transient overexpression of LecRK‐V led to decreased haustorium index in wheat variety Yangmai158, which is powdery mildew susceptible. Stable transformation LecRK‐V into Yangmai158 significantly enhanced the powdery mildew resistance at both seedling and adult stages. At seedling stage, the transgenic line was highly resistance to 18 of the tested 23 Bgt isolates, hypersensitive responses (HR) were observed for 22 Bgt isolates, and more ROS at the Bgt infection sites was accumulated. These indicated that LecRK‐V confers broad‐spectrum resistance to powdery mildew, and ROS and SA pathways contribute to the enhanced powdery mildew resistance in wheat.