bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treating murine Kala‐azar with a Mayan plant induces immunochemical changes
Authors: Lezama‐Dávila C. M. , Isaac‐Márquez A. P. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryPentalinon andrieuxiiMuell Arg is a Mexican‐Central American plant anciently used by local people to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis. We evaluated a hexane extract of the root we calledPAEfor its chemical content and for its immunochemical and in vitro activity againstLeishmania donovaniand healing of experimental Kala‐azar. Chemical analysis using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) identified hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, 9, 12‐octadecadienoic acid ethyl ester, octadecanoic acid ethyl ester, 9‐octadecenoic acid ethyl ester and diethyl phthalate as the main compounds present inPAE. We also demonstratedPAEkills promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro and significantly reduces parasite loads in liver and spleen of infected Balb/c mice.PAEinduces expression ofNFkB/AP‐1 transcription factors and production ofIL‐2 andIFN‐γ by spleen cells ofPAEtreated but not in the untreated control mice. Furthermore, there were notIL‐6,IL‐10 norTNFproduction in macrophages treated in vitro withPAE. We developed an affordable extract ofP. andrieuxiieffective to treat experimental Kala‐azar in Balb/c mice.
Accuracy of Clinician Predictions of Future Self‐Harm: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Predictive Studies
Authors: Woodford Rachel , Spittal Matthew J. , Milner Allison , McGill Katie , Kapur Navneet , Pirkis Jane , Mitchell Alex , Carter Gregory 
Published: October 2017

Assessment of a patient after hospital‐treated self‐harm or psychiatric hospitalization often includes a risk assessment, resulting in a classification of high risk versus low risk for a future episode of self‐harm. Through systematic review and a series of meta‐analyses looking at unassisted clinician risk classification (eight studies; N = 22,499), we found pooled estimates for sensitivity 0.31 (95% CI: 0.18–0.50), specificity 0.85 (0.75–0.92), positive predictive value 0.22 (0.21–0.23), and negative predictive value 0.89 (0.86–0.92). Clinician classification was too inaccurate to be clinically useful. After‐care should therefore be allocated on the basis of a needs rather than risk assessment.
Adolescent Predictors of Incidence and Persistence of Suicide‐Related Outcomes in Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study of Mexican Youth
Authors: Benjet Corina , Menendez David , Albor Yesica , Borges Guilherme , Orozco Ricardo , Medina‐Mora Maria Elena 
Published: October 2017

In recent years, Mexico has seen one of the largest increases in suicide rates worldwide, especially among adolescents and young adults. This study uses data from the 1,071 respondents who participated in a two‐wave longitudinal study when they were between 12 and 17 years of age, and again when they were between 19 and 26 years of age. The World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed suicidal behavior and DSM‐IV mental disorders. We used Cox regressions to evaluate which sociodemographic and psychiatric factors and life events predicted the incidence and remission of suicide ideation, plan, and attempt throughout the 8‐year span. The 8‐year incidence of suicide ideation, plan, and attempt was 13.3%, 4.8%, and 5.9%, respectively. We found that the number of traumatic life events during childhood, no longer being in school, and tobacco use predicted which adolescents developed suicide behaviors as they transitioned into young adulthood. Psychiatric disorders, particularly anxiety disorders, played a larger role in the persistence of those who already had suicidal behaviors, while behavioral disorders played a role in the transition from ideation to attempt. This distinction may be useful for clinicians to assess the risk of suicide.
Fighting labor market discrimination with ban the box (BTB): Are there racial implications?
Authors: Solinas‐Saunders Monica , Stacer Melissa J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe develop a theoretical commentary on the implementation and expansion of the ban the box (BTB) movement as a legal response to the formal and informal discrimination ex‐offenders face every day in the labor market, in particular the racial impacts of such policies. We first provide a thorough overview of the numerous laws that have created barriers to ex‐offender employment. Then we focus on the advent of BTB legislation across the U.S. and the impact these policies might have in the long run. An emphasis on the racial implications is necessary to explore the potential of BTB policies to exacerbate statistical discrimination that would marginalize young minority males with clean records. While we do not advocate the removal of BTB policies, our discussion aims to clarify the risks associated with limiting employers' access to applicants' information in the job market and to highlight the unintended consequences such policies could have on those without criminal records.
Native antimony emplaced by methane‐rich hydrothermal fluid in an orogenic fault‐zone
Authors: Jébrak Michel , Lebrun Charline , André‐Mayer Anne‐Sylvie , Simard Marjorie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAntimony‐rich gold deposits represent a subclass of orogenic hydrothermal systems. The study of the Lapa gold deposit in the Abitibi greenstone belt shows that antimony occurs during two different stages: (1) as early prograde Sb–Ni disseminated sulphides in talc schists, associated with CO2‐bearing fluids, and (2) as a late native antimony association, associated with methane‐bearing fluids indicating a reducing environment. Methane could be related to the serpentinization of the ultramafic rocks of the Piché Group hosting the Lapa deposit. Several deposits display the same methane antimony association along fault zones.
Presumed post‐traumatic ocular chondrosarcoma with intrathoracic metastases in a cat
Authors: Moreira Matheus V. L. , de Andrade Maria C. , Fulgêncio Gustavo O. , Langohr Ingeborg M. , Ecco Roselene 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn indoor‐only, 5‐year‐old, spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented for an ophthalmic examination of the left eye. An intraocular tumor with secondary glaucoma and blindness was diagnosed; the globe was enucleated and sent for histopathological examination. Gross examination revealed a solid white mass filling the entire vitreous space and replacing the iris and ciliary body. The lens and retina appeared to be similarly replaced by the neoplasm. Histological examination revealed a complete loss of the internal ocular structures, with a ruptured capsule as the only remnant of the lens within an extensive malignant mesenchymal neoplastic cell proliferation. The cells were polygonal, with well‐defined cytoplasmic borders and abundant weakly basophilic cytoplasm, embedded within the islands of chondroid matrix. No neoplastic invasion of the sclera was apparent. The animal died 6 months after the enucleation due to respiratory distress. Gross examination revealed numerous firm, white to tan nodular masses with smooth to mildly irregular surfaces dispersed throughout the parietal pleura, thoracic surface of the diaphragm, tracheobronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, pericardium, and lungs. On cross‐section, the neoplastic nodules were solid and variably translucent, resembling hyaline cartilage. Histologically, these nodules were similar to the neoplasm identified earlier in the left globe. Metastasis of post‐traumatic ocular chondrosarcoma has not yet been described in cats. This is therefore believed to be the first report of metastases of this type of neoplasm in cats. This case adds to the limited set of data on the outcome of this type of tumor.
Ex vivo comparison of single‐layer and double‐layer laparoscopic closure of equine bladders with 2 types of barbed sutures
Authors: Major Dustin S. , Duff Amy H. , Cohen Noah D. , Hardy Joanne 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare laparoscopic single‐layer versus double‐layer closure of experimental, full‐thickness incisions in adult equine urinary bladders using unidirectional and bidirectional barbed suture.Study designExperimental, ex vivo, surgical study.Sample populationThirty adult equine cadaver urinary bladders.MethodsBladders were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6): intact controls, bladders sutured with unidirectional or bidirectional barbed suture in a single‐layer closure, and bladders sutured with unidirectional or bidirectional barbed suture in a double‐layer closure. A 5‐cm apical incision was created in each bladder assigned to a suture group, prior to closure in a laparoscopic trainer. After suturing, bursting pressures (BPs) were determined by filling the bladders with saline to failure. Continuous variables were compared among groups using generalized linear modeling with post hoc testing between groups, and categorical variables were compared using Fisher's exact test. Significance was set at P < .05.ResultsNo difference in BP was detected between treatment groups, all failing at pressures lower than those of intact bladders. The 95% confidence interval for BPs exceeded a physiologically relevant threshold of 30 mm Hg after single‐layer or double‐layer closure. Irrespective of treatment group, surgical time decreased with experience, and the rate of reduction was greater for the single‐layer than the double‐layer closures.ConclusionIn this ex vivo study, both closure techniques and both suture types appeared to be acceptable for laparoscopic closure of the urinary bladder in adult horses.
Equine chlamydiosis—An emerging infectious disease requiring a one health surveillance approach
Authors: Taylor K. A. , Durrheim D. , Heller J. , O'Rourke B. , Hope K. , Merritt T. , Freeman P. , Chicken C. , Carrick J. , Branley J. , Massey P. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryPsittacosis is a rare but potentially fatal zoonosis caused by Chlamydia psittaci, an organism that is typically associated with bird contact. However C. psittaci is capable of infecting other non‐avian hosts, such as horses, sheep, cattle and goats. Stud staff and veterinarians have significant exposure to parturient animals and reproductive materials in their routine work. To investigate the zoonotic potential associated with the emergence of C. psittaci as an abortifacient agent in horses, we established a programme of joint human and animal surveillance in a sentinel horse‐breeding region in Australia. This programme comprised cross‐notification of equine cases to public health agencies, and active follow‐up of known human contacts, including stud workers, foaling staff, veterinarians and laboratory staff. We identified no confirmed cases of acute psittacosis despite intensive surveillance and testing of heavily exposed contacts; however, further work in the area is needed.
Maternal exercise modifies body composition and energy substrates handling in male offspring fed a high‐fat/high‐sucrose diet
Authors: Quiclet Charline , Dubouchaud Hervé , Berthon Phanélie , Sanchez Hervé , Vial Guillaume , Siti Farida , Fontaine Eric , Batandier Cécile , Couturier Karine 
Published: October 2017

Key points
Maternal training during gestation enhances offspring body composition and energy substrates handling in early adulthood.
Offspring nutrition also plays a role as some beneficial effects of maternal training during gestation disappear after consumption of a high‐fat diet.
AbstractMaternal exercise during gestation has been reported to modify offspring metabolism and health. Whether these effects are exacerbated when offspring are receiving a high‐fat diet remains unclear. Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of maternal exercise before and during gestation on the offspring fed a high‐fat/high‐sucrose diet (HF) by assessing its body composition, pancreatic function and energy substrates handling by two major glucose‐utilizing tissues: liver and muscle. Fifteen‐week‐old nulliparous female Wistar rats exercised 4 weeks before as well as during gestation at a constant submaximal intensity (TR) or remained sedentary (CT). At weaning, pups from each group were fed either a standard diet (TRCD or CTCD) or a high‐fat/high‐sucrose diet (TRHF or CTHF) for 10 weeks. Offspring from TR dams gained less weight compared to those from CT dams. Selected fat depots were larger with the HF diet compared to control diet (CD) but significantly smaller in TRHF compared to CTHF. Surprisingly, the insulin secretion index was higher in islets from HF offspring compared to CD. TR offspring showed a higher muscle insulin sensitivity estimated by the ratio of phosphorylated protein kinase B to total protein kinase B compared with CT offspring (+48%, P < 0.05). With CD, permeabilized isolated muscle fibres from TR rats displayed a lower apparent affinity constant (Km) for pyruvate and palmitoyl coenzyme A as substrates compared to the CT group (−46% and −58%, respectively, P < 0.05). These results suggest that maternal exercise has positive effects on young adult offspring body composition and on muscle carbohydrate and lipid metabolism depending on the nutritional status.
Wellhead Monitoring: Measured Fatigue Damage Validation
Authors: Kebadze Elizbar B. , Killbourn Stuart , Henderson John , Chomczuk Gavin , Mosley Andrew , Bolger David , Maher Jim 
Published: October 2017

A hydroacoustic monitoring system is deployed on a BOP-stack and riser during drilling of production wells to record fatigue accumulation in the subsea wellhead and conductor. Data is relayed to the vessel in real-time so that well operations can be planned to manage fatigue life. The monitoring assures the asset integrity is maintained throughout its lifecycle: construction, work-over operations and abandonment.
Motion measurements of the BOP-stack and riser are analysed in conjunction with a finite-element model of the wellhead-BOP-riser-vessel system to determine stresses at various welds and hotspots. The main drawback of such an approach is that “measured” fatigue still relies on the model accuracy, which cannot be guaranteed due to uncertainty associated with many parameters used in modelling.
This paper describes validation of the modelled subsea stack and its foundation characteristics against measurements so that “measured” fatigue is as accurate as possible. This involves (1) determining the depth of BOP-stack centre of rotation; (2) identifying the BOP-stack characteristic frequency, and (3) matching stress responses derived from measurements taken at different heights on the stack. Model parameters (e.g. soil stiffness and added mass) are tailored to optimise agreement with measurements thereby improving the accuracy of “measured” fatigue estimations.
Hydroelastic Response of Very Large Floating Structures (VLFS) Connected With Wind Turbines
Authors: Muhamed Basheer Naseema Sibin , Saha Nilanjan 
Published: October 2017

Very large floating structure (VLFS) technology is a novel idea being introduced in ports and harbors, fishing, land reclamation, petroleum product storage facilities and so on. The flexible nature of VLFS makes the response hydroelastic and it is important to have a reduced response of VLFS. The term hydroelasticity refers to the action of hydrodynamic excitation over elastic body limits. The present study tries to examine the combined effect of horizontal loads of wind turbine tower along with the vertical hydrodynamic loads which question the stability of the performance of VLFS. This would lead to better understanding of the hydroelastic response of integrated wind farm-VLFS configuration. To examine the effect of relevant parameters on the VLFS hydrodynamic responses, motion amplitude transfer functions (RAO) for a wide range of wave frequencies are computed.
Pontoon type VLFS are giant platforms resting on the sea surface, which are modeled by very large plates according to the Mindlin thick plate theory. The boundary integral element method (BIEM) is used to solve for the velocity potential using Laplace equation providing suitable boundary conditions. The fluid model is based on linear wave hypothesis. The effect of wind on wind turbines which are located at the edges and corner of the VLFS is investigated in the model. The Kaimal wind spectrum is used to generate time series of wind speed incident on the blades of the turbine and loads are computed using blade element momentum theory as in wind simulator FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence).
The finite element framework is used to develop the model and to find the hydrodynamic loading. Mooring line connections are used to reduce structural instability. In order to reduce the hydroelastic response of VLFS, connection with hinges or semi rigid line connections are observed to be effective. The elastic and dynamic effects of the combined wind-wave loading over the integrated VLFS are being considered. The hydroelastic effects of mooring lines will not be accounted for.
Integrated System to Evaluate Moored Ship Behavior
Authors: Peña E. , Figuero A. , Sande J. , Guerra A. , Perez J. D. , Maciñeira E. 
Published: October 2017

The development of loading and unloading operations is an essential part of the logistical chain of maritime transportation. One of the determining factors in this process is the movement of moored ships, which has a notable influence over the efficiency of the operation. The implementation of systems to characterize their real behavior would provide an important tool for the management of these activities.
In this context the Water and Environmental Engineering Group (GEAMA) at the University of A Coruña, Spain (UDC), through different projects executed in collaboration with the Port Authority of A Coruña (Spain), has developed an integrated system for monitoring the dynamic behavior of moored vessels. This system includes different devices which allow to characterize their six degrees of freedom and tensions in certain mooring lines.
The analysis of motions is carried out using three combined technologies. Ship rotations (roll, pitch and yaw) are registered by means of an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) developed by the Research Group. The translations of heave and surge are analyzed with a visual tracking system using fixed cameras deployed near the location. Finally, the evaluation of sway motion and an additional measure of yaw are obtained using two laser-distance meters located over the dock.
All devices integrated in the system were calibrated in laboratory at the R+D Centre CITTEC-UDC with several series of tests. Once the methodology was validated, the system has been employed in different projects carried out in Inner and Outer Ports of the city of A Coruña, with more than 30 monitored ships.
Optimizing the Design of Unbonded Flexible Pipelines With More Realistic Predictions of pH and H2S Content in the Annulus
Authors: Ke Li , Taravel-Condat Carol , Kittel Jean , Mingant Rémy , Duret-Thual Claude , Querez Virginie 
Published: October 2017

Due to its high metallic confinement, the annulus of unbonded flexible pipelines is a specific and mild corrosive medium for carbon steel armour wires. This environment presents high supersaturation levels of dissolved iron, leading to pH values far above thermodynamic equilibrium. Furthermore, the permeation of acidic gases (such as CO2 and H2S) through the polymer pressure sheath occurs at very low flow rates. Since the annulus is supersaturated with dissolved iron, part of the H2S is consumed as it slowly arrives into the annulus. Therefore, the annular medium contains low levels of gas far below those predicted by standard thermodynamic models, and less H2S is available to trigger sour cracking.
The recent development of harsher oil field conditions (higher water depths, increased CO2 content, presence of H2S...) induced the need to refine the design of flexible pipes to propose more cost effective solutions. As pH and H2S content are key parameters for the selection of steel grades, taking into account the supersaturation and the H2S consumption in the annulus allows major optimization of flexible pipes by using for instance steel grades with higher strength. Therefore, extensive experimental work was conducted over the past years to better characterize the annulus and predict more realistic pH and H2S levels. In this paper, the following developments are presented:
– A kinetic corrosion model named FlexCor was derived from numerous corrosion tests done at various CO2 pressures in confined configuration, with in-situ pH monitoring. These tests were performed over long durations (3 months) in order to capture the effective long term supersaturated pH. The kinetic model is able to simulate the transient and stationary phases of the supersaturated pH evolution up to 45 bara of CO2, providing a good fit with the experimental data. The tests also demonstrated that the annulus environment remains supersaturated even at high CO2 partial pressures.
– A methodology taking into account the H2S consumption was developed based on extensive long-term small scale and full scale testing (> 2 years), where low flow rates of H2S were imposed. The experimental results show that H2S consumption is far from negligible, even when the annulus is not fully flooded. This H2S consumption methodology was certified by an Independent Verification Agency and is now being applied on commercial projects.
Subsea Pipeline UHB OOS Design: Structural Reliability Analysis
Authors: Liu M. , Cross C. 
Published: October 2017

Upheaval buckling (UHB) is a major design concern for a trenched and buried subsea pipeline operating at high temperature and pressure. A predictive assessment is necessary during the detailed engineering design and optimisation to evaluate and define any measure that may be utilised for UHB mitigation such as deep trenching, backfilling, blanket or spot rockdumping. A pre-emptive UHB structural reliability analysis (SRA) has to be performed prior to pipeline installation based on the typical trench imperfection out of straightness (OOS) statistics. The SRA results are updated once survey data is made available. A rockdump schedule can be established by incorporating appropriate safety or load factors to address uncertainties in the design parameters and as-built OOS survey measurement accuracy.
This paper examines the basis for processing the OOS features from survey data and stochastic distributions assumed for SRA with a view to improving the SRA OOS analysis. A number of OOS issues are considered. To cut conservatism an alternative distribution and interpretation is proposed for the key SRA input parameters with regards to imperfections and survey resolution. The random imperfection height assumption used in the current SRA practice for UHB is thus challenged — the rationale and argument for an alternative approach are constructed through a review of stochastic process theory, additional integrity criteria, a parametric analysis and evaluation of multiple OOS survey data sets. To add to the strength of the argument, a range of engineering issues are discussed in the context of stochastic distributions of imperfections. A worked example and case study is presented leading to a rationally reduced load factor and rockdump volume requirement for OOS UHB mitigation and protection.