bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclotriphosphazene, an old compound applied to the synthesis of smart dendrimers with tailored properties
Authors: Caminade Anne-Marie , Ouali Armelle , Hameau Aurélien , Laurent Régis , Rebout Cyrille , Delavaux-Nicot Béatrice , Turrin Cédric-Olivier , Moineau Chane-Ching Kathleen , Majoral Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The versatile reactivity of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (N3P3Cl6) has been developed for the synthesis of specifically engineered dendrimers. Dendrimers are hyperbranched macromolecules built by concentric layers constituted of associated monomeric units. Many of the properties of dendrimers depend on the type of their surface (terminal) functions, which are generally all identical. For some specific purposes, it is desirable to have one function that is different at the level of the core. Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene offers the possibility to differentiate the reactivity of one (or more) Cl from the others, for producing specifically engineered dendritic tools. These specific reactions on N3P3Cl6 have produced highly dense dendrimers, Janus dendrimers (two faces), tools for functionalizing materials, with uses as catalysts, as chemical sensors, for trapping CO2, for the culture of cells, or for imaging biological events. These properties will be emphasized in this review.
“The Good Start Method for English” or how to support development, prevent and treat risk of dyslexia in children learning English as a second language
Authors: Bogdanowicz Katarzyna M. , Bogdanowicz Marta 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Children with developmental dyslexia and at its risk have difficulties in the acquisition of foreign languages, especially non-transparent English. The problems of such pupils concern various aspects of the language system but in particular relate to the ability to read and spell. The research literature dedicated to effective preventative methods and dyslexia treatment suggests that both children with dyslexia and at its risk need phonological awareness training and multi-sensory learning. It is also known that prevention and early treatment is more effective than therapeutic intervention used in older students. Experts in foreign language acquisition recommend that children have contact with longer oral texts and live language (e.g., poems and songs). A recently-published report on the methods of English language teaching in Polish primary schools shows that the lessons conducted there do not realise the majority of the aforementioned recommendations. As a consequence, they do not serve any pupils including those with dyslexia and at its risk. A method which meets most of the demands mentioned above is “The Good Start Method for English”. It is a new program of teaching the English language designed for five to seven-year-olds, which at the same time ensures support for the psychomotor development of children, leading to acceleration in learning progress.
Effect of Interset Rest Interval Length on Resistance Exercise Performance and Muscular Adaptation
Authors: Gonzalez Adam M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
AMONG SEVERAL OTHER RESISTANCE TRAINING PARAMETERS INCLUDING INTENSITY, VOLUME, AND FREQUENCY, INTERSET REST INTERVAL LENGTH HAS BEEN WIDELY INVESTIGATED. THIS ARTICLE WILL DISCUSS THE EFFECTS OF INTERSET REST INTERVAL LENGTH ON RESISTANCE EXERCISE PERFORMANCE, THE ACUTE HORMONAL AND METABOLIC RESPONSE, AND TRAINING-INDUCED MUSCULAR ADAPTATION.
Diagnóstico primário dos fatores de risco coronariano em idosos vinculados à estratégia saúde da família no interior do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Radtke Micheli Beatriz , Wichmann Francisca Maria Assmann , Couto Analie Nunes 
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de fatores de risco de doença coronariana em idosos de um município no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Método: para a realização do presente estudo, utilizou-se a tabela de risco coronariano proposta pela Michigan Heart Association. Realizou-se um estudo com abordagem epidemiológica, observacional e com delineamento transversal em uma amostra calculada de 115 idosos, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária média de 69,86 ±7,7 anos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva, através da média, desvio padrão e identificação do percentual da ocorrência do risco relativo, além disso, foi realizado o teste Mann-Whitney e o teste t pareado para comparação do risco coronariano entre as unidades de saúde e a frequência na dieta alimentar de alimentos ricos em gorduras saturadas e sódio. Resultados: o risco coronariano médio obtido foi de 31,23 ± 5,3 pontos, classificado pela Michigan Heart Association, como risco moderado. Não houve alteração significativa entre os sexos e as localidades, indicando que o risco coronariano é alto em todo território avaliado. A população apresentou dieta aterogênica, com consumo elevado de gordura saturada e sódio. De acordo com a ordem de prevalência, os fatores mais encontrados foram: percentual de gordura saturada na dieta, hereditariedade, sobrepeso, pressão arterial, sedentarismo e tabagismo respectivamente. Considerações finais: foram evidenciados casos de alto
risco, alertando para a necessidade da elaboração e inserção de políticas de promoção de saúde, a fim de minimizar as possibilidades de ocorrência de eventos coronarianos, sobretudo em uma população idosa.
Strain‐Specific Impact of Fusobacterium nucleatum on Neutrophil Function
Authors: Kurgan Şivge , Kansal Shevali , Nguyen Daniel , Stephens Danielle , Koroneos Yannis , Hasturk Hatice , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Kantarci Alpdogan 
Published: October 2016

Background: Neutrophil function is critical for initiation and progression of infecto‐inflammatory diseases. Key quorum‐sensing plaque bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, act as bridging species between early and late colonizer pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, as the biofilm ages and periodontal inflammation increases. This study is designed to determine impact of different F. nucleatum strains on neutrophil function.Methods: Cells of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line‐60 were differentiated into neutrophil‐like cells and cultured with F. nucleatum strains of subspecies (ssp.) nucleatum ATCC 25586, ssp. polymorphum ATCC 10953, and ssp. vincentii ATCC 49256. Neutrophil phagocytosis of F. nucleatum strains and neutrophil apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Superoxide generation was measured by cytochrome C reduction in the presence and absence of N‐formyl‐L‐methionyl‐L‐leucyl‐L‐phenylalanine (fMLP) (1 μM) stimulation. Proinflammatory cytokine release was determined after 2, 6, and 24 hours of culture in the presence/absence of different F. nucleatum strains. Expression of Toll‐like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and nuclear factor (NF)‐kappa B mRNA levels were analyzed using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Each experiment was repeated at least three times in triplicate. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by post hoc Bonferroni correction.Results: All strains of F. nucleatum significantly increased phagocytic capacity of neutrophils. Neutrophil phagocytosis of F. nucleatum ssp. polymorphum was significantly greater than that of F. nucleatum ssp. vincentii and ssp. nucleatum (P <0.001). F. nucleatum ssp. nucleatum and ssp. polymorphum significantly blocked fMLP‐induced superoxide generation (P <0.001). Although F. nucleatum vincentii also reduced superoxide generation (25%), the impact was not as strong as that of ssp. nucleatum (83%) and ssp. polymorphum (100%). All F. nucleatum strains stimulated significant increase in neutrophil apoptosis compared with control (P <0.001) and significantly increased expression of NF‐κB mRNA in neutrophils (P <0.05). Levels of interleukin‐8 and tumor necrosis factor‐α produced by neutrophils were significantly increased in all F. nucleatum groups compared with control (P <0.001).Conclusions: These findings suggest that different strains of F. nucleatum impact neutrophil function in different ways. Two of three subspecies blocked neutrophil superoxide generation in response to a secondary stimulus, preventing oxidative killing by neutrophils. The direct role of bridging species in pathogenesis of periodontitis may be greater than previously suspected in which they create a favorable environment for pathogenic transition of the dental ecosystem.
Carbon Sequestration and Photosynthesis in Newly Established Turfgrass Cover in Central Chile
Authors: Acuña E. Alejandra A. , Pastenes V. Claudio , Villalobos G. Luis 
Published: October 2016

Core Ideas
Soil organic C varied for 3 yr and four seasons for the five cool season turfgrass species (C3) and the two warm season turfgrass species (C4) when compared to bare soil. The effect of turfgrass species was detected in all of the seasons, where turfgrass coverage increased soil organic C over time, primarily at the 0‐ to 10‐cm soil depth.
Carbon dioxide fixation rate can be an adequate indicator of carbon sequestration potential in a short‐term period for turfgrass species.
This study showed that Cynodon dactylon L. and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. were the most promising species to increase C sequestration and to better use the irrigation water in central Chile.
Growth of the urban population in central Chile may have contributed to increased CO2 emissions, thus information regarding the role of turfgrass in public spaces and its ability to sequester CO2 would be valuable. The objectives of this study were to assess and compare the magnitude of C sequestration of seven newly established turfgrass species to bare soil using seasonal organic C stocks measurements aboveground (aboveground organic carbon [AOC]) and belowground (soil organic carbon [SOC]) and to associate these data with turfgrass seasonal photosynthetic behavior. Festuca arundinacea Schreb, Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra, Cynodon dactylon L., Cynodon dactylon L. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy, Poa pratensis L., P. trivialis L., and Lolium perenne L., and areas with bare soil were established during 2010. Soil samples from 10, 20, and 30 cm were collected over 2 yr. Cuttings from each turfgrass species were also collected seasonally after reaching higher than the 4 cm cutting height. The SOC and AOC were assessed using the Modified Mebius method. The CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic water use efficiency were measured seasonally over 2 yr using an infrared gas analyzer. Turfgrass species with high photosynthetic activity during the summer, such as C. dactylon and F. arundinacea ‘Bingo’, resulted in a high total SOC of 2.4 t SOC ha−1 and 2.7 t SOC ha−1, respectively, when compared with bare soil (0.9 t SOC ha−1) at the end of the study.
Oriximiná-Santarém-Belém: a formatação de um novo programa de pós-graduação em Biociências na Amazônia com um forte vínculo com os estudantes do ensino médio e fundamental
Authors: Salgado Claudio Guedes , Picanço Diniz Domingos Wanderley 
Published: October 2016

A proposta deste texto é apresentar o histórico e a formatação de um novo programa de pós-graduação em Biociências (PPGBIO) no interior da Amazônia, com sede no campus de Oriximiná, oeste do Pará, vinculado à Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (Ufopa). O PPGBIO é o segundo curso da Amazônia vinculado ao Comitê Ciências Biológicas II (CBII), da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(Capes), e apresenta uma formatação inovadora com a coorientaçãode professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular (PNBC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), atuando em associação com os orientadores da Ufopa. Os autores apresentam inicialmente a importância da pós-graduação para o desenvolvimento das comunidades que a fomentam, demonstrando claramente asassimetrias existentes em relação aos índices educacionais e de qualidade de vida nos estados da Amazônia em comparação aos estados com os melhores Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) do Brasil. Em seguida, discorrem sobre o caminho percorrido até a implantação do PPGBIO em Oriximiná e Santarém para, finalmente, discutir os resultados do Programa de Ação Interdisciplinar (PAI) como apoio à implantação do PPGBIO, a necessidade de receber alunos mais preparados na pós graduação e de formar alunos de pós-graduação com mais qualidade, especialmente no relacionamento com alunos do ensino fundamentale médio.
Geometric morphometric analysis of the palatal morphology in children with impacted incisors: A three-dimensional evaluation
Authors: Pavoni Chiara , Paoloni Valeria , Ghislanzoni Luis Tomas Huanca , Laganà Giuseppina , Cozza Paola 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To analyze variations in palatal morphology in subjects presenting unilaterally impacted maxillary permanent central incisors compared with a control group of subjects without eruption anomalies using a three-dimensional (3D) analysis.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-six white subjects (10 girls and 16 boys; mean age 9.5 ± 1.5 years) with unilaterally impacted maxillary permanent central incisors (impacted incisor group [IIG]) were compared with a control group (CG) of 26 subjects (14 girls and 12 boys, mean age 8.7 ± 1.6 years) presenting no eruption disorders. For each subject, dental casts were taken and the upper arch was scanned using a 3D laser scanner. To study the entirety of the shape of the palate in any point of the surface, 3D geometric morphometrics was applied.

Results:
Subjects with impacted maxillary incisors showed skeletal adaptations of the maxilla. In the IIG, both the superior palatal region and lateral palatal surface showed significantly different morphology when compared with CG, with a narrower and higher palatal vault.

Conclusion:
The absence of maxillary central incisors over the physiological age of eruption influenced the development of the palatal morphology compared with subjects without eruption anomalies.
Evaluation of inertial measurement units as a novel method for kinematic gait evaluation in dogs
Authors: Pauls Alexandra , Kawcak Chris , Haussler Kevin , Bertocci Gina , Moorman Valerie , King Melissa , Duerr Felix 
Published: October 2016

SummaryObjective: To evaluate the use of inertial measurement units (IMU) for quantification of canine limb kinematics.Methods: Sixteen clinically healthy, medium-sized dogs were enrolled. Baseline kinematic data were acquired using an optical motion capture system. Following this baseline data acquisition, a harness system was used for attachment of IMU to the animals. Optical kinematic data of dogs with and without the harness were compared to evaluate the influence of the harness on gait parameters. Sagittal plane joint kinematics acquired simultaneously with IMU and the optical system were compared for the carpal, tarsal, stifle and hip joints. Comparisons of data were made using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) test and evaluation of root mean squared errors (RMSE).Results: No significant differences were demonstrated in stance duration, swing duration or stride length between dogs instrumented with or without the harness, however, mean RMSE values ranged from 4.90° to 14.10° across the various joints. When comparing simultaneously acquired optical and IMU kinematic data, strong correlations were found for all four joints evaluated (CCC: carpus = 0.98, hock = 0.95, stifle = 0.98, hip = 0.96) and median RMSE values were similar across the joints ranging from 2.51° to 3.52°.Conclusions and Clinical relevance: Canine sagittal plane motion data acquisition with IMU is feasible, and optically acquired and IMU acquired sagittal plane kinematics had good correlation. This technology allows data acquisition outside the gait laboratory and may provide an alternative to optical kinematic gait analysis for the carpal, tarsal, stifle, and hip joints in the dog. Further investigation into this technology is indicated.
Tunable microwave-assisted method for the solvent-free and catalyst-free peracetylation of natural products
Authors: Oliverio Manuela , Costanzo Paola , Nardi Monica , Calandruccio Carla , Salerno Raffaele , Procopio Antonio 
Published: October 2016

Background: The peracetylation is a simple chemical modification that can be used to enhance the bioavailability of hydrophilic products and to obtain safe and stable pro-drugs.Results: A totally green, solvent-free and catalyst-free microwave (MW)-assisted method for peracetylation of natural products such as oleuropein, alpha-hederin, quercetin and rutin is presented. By simply tuning the MW heating program, polyols with chemical diverse –OH groups or thermolabile functionalities can be peracetylated to improve the biological activity without degradation of the natural starting molecules. An evaluation of the process greenness was performed.Conclusion: The method is potentially universally applicable for green acetylation of hydrophilic biological molecules, potentially easily scalable for industrial applications, including pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industry.
Modeler le comportement de la reine par l’étiquette
Authors: Prieto Elisa García 
Published: October 2016

Après le mariage de Philippe II avec sa nièce, l’archiduchesse Anne d’Autriche, et l’arrivée de la nouvelle souveraine, une réforme de la Maison de la reine eut lieu qui prit la forme d’une nouvelle étiquette. Ce nouveau texte fournit une structure – avec quelques légères modifications par rapport au précédent – pour la Maison de la reine qui servit de référence pour les siècles qui suivirent, fixa les obligations des différentes charges de la Maison et modifia le comportement du personnel au palais. Cette réforme influença également la personne de la reine. Le texte en lui-même et l’administration quotidienne de la Maison nous permettent de comprendre le comportement que Philippe II attendait de la reine consort et, par là, des femmes qui étaient choisies pour devenir reines catholiques. Nous examinerons dans cette étude comment fut mis en œuvre ce processus, ainsi que les défis et difficultés rencontrés. Ceci nous permettra de comprendre le rôle joué par l’étiquette, mais aussi par Anne d’Autriche.
Prevalence of Traditional and Reverse-Algorithm Syphilis Screening in Laboratory Practice: A Survey of Participants in the College of American Pathologists Syphilis Serology Proficiency Testing Program
Authors: Rhoads Daniel D. , Genzen Jonathan R. , Bashleben Christine P. , Faix James D. , Ansari M. Qasim 
Published: October 2016

Context.—Syphilis serology screening in laboratory practice is evolving. Traditionally, the syphilis screening algorithm begins with a nontreponemal immunoassay, which is manually performed by a laboratory technologist. In contrast, the reverse algorithm begins with a treponemal immunoassay, which can be automated. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recognized both approaches, but little is known about the current state of laboratory practice, which could impact test utilization and interpretation.
Objective.—To assess the current state of laboratory practice for syphilis serologic screening.
Design.—In August 2015, a voluntary questionnaire was sent to the 2360 laboratories that subscribe to the College of American Pathologists syphilis serology proficiency survey.
Results.—Of the laboratories surveyed, 98% (2316 of 2360) returned the questionnaire, and about 83% (1911 of 2316) responded to at least some questions. Twenty-eight percent (378 of 1364) reported revision of their syphilis screening algorithm within the past 2 years, and 9% (170 of 1905) of laboratories anticipated changing their screening algorithm in the coming year. Sixty-three percent (1205 of 1911) reported using the traditional algorithm, 16% (304 of 1911) reported using the reverse algorithm, and 2.5% (47 of 1911) reported using both algorithms, whereas 9% (169 of 1911) reported not performing a reflex confirmation test. Of those performing the reverse algorithm, 74% (282 of 380) implemented a new testing platform when introducing the new algorithm.
Conclusion.—The majority of laboratories still perform the traditional algorithm, but a significant minority have implemented the reverse-screening algorithm. Although the nontreponemal immunologic response typically wanes after cure and becomes undetectable, treponemal immunoassays typically remain positive for life, and it is important for laboratorians and clinicians to consider these assay differences when implementing, using, and interpreting serologic syphilis screening algorithms.
Evaluation of the Vulvar Cancer Histology Code Reported by Central Cancer Registries: Importance in Epidemiology
Authors: Siegel David A. , Wilson Reda , Wilkinson Edward J. , Gargano Julia W. , Watson Meg , Hernandez Brenda Y. , Goodman Marc T. , Lynch Charles F. , Unger Elizabeth R. , Saraiya Mona 
Published: October 2016

Context.—Knowing the subtype of vulvar cancer histology is important for estimating human papillomavirus–related cancer etiology. Surveillance of human papillomavirus–related vulvar cancers informs public health decisions related to vaccination against human papillomavirus.Objective.—To assess the accuracy of registry classifications of vulvar cancer and determine the histologic classification of cases reported as not otherwise specified.Design.—Pathology specimens were collected from Florida, Iowa, and Hawaii cancer registries. Registry diagnosis was compared with the pathology report from the medical record and a single expert study histology review of a representative histologic section from each case.Results.—The study included 60 invasive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases, 6 Paget disease cases, 2 basal cell carcinoma cases, and 53 in situ cases. Comparing subtypes of invasive vulvar SCC, the registry agreed with the pathology report classification in 49 of 60 cases (81.7%). Study histology review identified the same SCC subtype as the registry in 9 of 60 cases (15.0%) and the same SCC subtype as the pathology report in 11 of 60 cases (18.3%). Whereas the registry and pathology reports classified 37 and 34 cases, respectively, as being SCC not otherwise specified, the study histology review identified a more specific subtype in all cases.Conclusions.—Subtypes of vulvar cancer were frequently recorded as not otherwise specified in the cancer registry primarily because the pathology report often did not specify the histologic subtype. Vulvar cancer registry data are useful for tracking broad diagnostic categories, but are less reliable for vulvar cancer subtypes.