bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of time-dependent dielectric breakdown in tri-gate nanowire transistor
Authors: Ota Kensuke , Tanaka Chika , Numata Toshinori , Matsushita Daisuke , Saitoh Masumi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We systematically investigate the size dependence of the time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) in a tri-gate nanowire transistor (NW Tr.). It is newly found that TDDB reliability is degraded in NW Tr. as compared with that in a planar transistor owing to the locally enhanced electric field at the NW corner. Moreover, in the region with a width (W) less than 40 nm, nanowire width reduction leads to a shorter time to gate dielectric breakdown indicating additional degradation of TDDB reliability in NW Tr. with smaller W. Although TDDB in three-dimensional (3D) MOS structures such as a trench MOS capacitor has already been reported, the size dependence of TDDB in scaled NW Tr. is firstly discussed in this paper since a trench capacitor is different from recent NW Tr. in structure, device size, gate dielectric thickness, and scaling effect on TDDB.
Strong middepth warming and weak radiocarbon imprints in the equatorial Atlantic during Heinrich 1 and Younger Dryas
Authors: Weldeab Syee , Friedrich Tobias , Timmermann Axel , Schneider Ralph R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe present a benthic foraminiferal multiproxy record of eastern equatorial Atlantic (EEA) middepth water (1295 m) covering the last deglacial. We show that EEA middepth water temperatures were elevated by 3.9 ± 0.5°C and 5.2 ± 1.2°C during Heinrich event 1 (H1) and Younger Dryas (YD), respectively. The radiocarbon content of the EEA middepth during H1 and YD is relatively low and comparable to the values of the pre‐H1 episode and Bølling‐Allerød, respectively. A transient Earth system model simulation, which mimics the observed deglacial Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) history, qualitatively reproduces the major features of the EEA proxy records. The simulation results suggest that fresh water‐induced weakening of the AMOC leads to a vertical shift of the horizon of Southern Ocean‐sourced water and a stronger influence of EEA sea surface temperatures via mixing. Our findings reaffirm the lack of a distinctive signature of radiocarbon depletion and therefore do not support the notion of interhemispheric exchanges of strongly radiocarbon‐depleted middepth water across the tropical Atlantic during H1 and YD. Our temperature reconstruction presents a critical zonal and water depth extension of existing tropical Atlantic data and documents a large‐scale and basin‐wide warming across the thermocline and middepth of the tropical Atlantic during H1 and YD. Significant difference in the timing and pace of H1 middepth warming between tropical Atlantic and North Atlantic likely points to a limited role of the tropical Atlantic middepth warming in the rapid heat buildup in the North Atlantic middepth.
Simple semantic enhancement of instructional hypertext
Authors: Jovanović Martin 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a simple enhancement of current e‐learning systems by reducing the learner's need to deviate from the linear path through instructional content. This approach enables the learner to drag a chosen word from the text and drop it onto another word in order to query the text for any relations between the notions denoted by these two words. The aim of the approach is to facilitate the memorization of complex concepts by providing partial information, that is, relations between particular notions that form the concept, on the spot, eliminating the need to browse back through the instructional content to review these relations that were probably given earlier and may have not been memorized when read. Firstly, the user experience and the structural aspects of the approach are given. Secondly, the evaluation design and results are discussed. Finally, lessons learned and directions of further development and research are presented. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:799–812, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21755
A Novel Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Sulfated Type 2 Tumor‐Associated Carbohydrate Antigens by Transglycosylation of Sulfated Lewis X Oxazoline Catalyzed by Keratanase II
Authors: Yamazaki Yuji , Sezukuri Kyohei , Takada Junko , Kimura Shunsaku , Ohmae Masashi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSulfated type 2 carbohydrate chains are known tumor‐associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs). Many reports on cancer vaccines employing TACAs as specific antigens have been published, but structurally specified sulfated TACAs have not been used because of the low natural abundance and difficulties in chemical synthesis. We demonstrate for the first time the synthesis of the sulfated type 2 TACAs with an l‐fucose branch by keratanase‐II‐catalyzed transglycosylation of the sulfated Lewis X (Galβ(1→4)[Fucα(1→3)]GlcNAc(6‐OSO3−); su‐Lex) oxazoline derivative. Two keratanase IIs (from Bacillus sp. Ks36 and Bacillus circulans KsT202) efficiently catalyzed the transglycosylation reaction of the su‐Lex oxazoline derivative, thereby giving the su‐Lex dimer as the main product in good yields. Structural analysis of the oligomers confirmed exclusive formation of the β(1→3) glycosidic bond.
Effects of chronicl-theanine administration in patients with major depressive disorder: an open-label study
Authors: Hidese Shinsuke , Ota Miho , Wakabayashi Chisato , Noda Takamasa , Ozawa Hayato , Okubo Tsutomu , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2016

Objectivel-theanine, an amino acid uniquely contained in green tea (Camellia sinensis), has been suggested to have various psychotropic effects. This study aimed to examine whetherl-theanine is effective for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in an open-label clinical trial.MethodsSubjects were 20 patients with MDD (four males; mean age: 41.0±14.1 years, 16 females; 42.9±12.0 years).l-theanine (250 mg/day) was added to the current medication of each participant for 8 weeks. Symptoms and cognitive functions were assessed at baseline, 4, and 8 weeks afterl-theanine administration by the 21-item version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-21), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Stroop test, and Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS).ResultsHAMD-21 score was reduced afterl-theanine administration (p=0.007). This reduction was observed in unremitted patients (HAMD-21>7;p=0.004) at baseline. Anxiety-trait scores decreased afterl-theanine administration (p=0.012) in the STAI test. PSQI scores also decreased afterl-theanine administration (p=0.030) in the unremitted patients at baseline. Regarding cognitive functions, response latency (p=0.001) and error rate (p=0.036) decreased in the Stroop test, and verbal memory (p=0.005) and executive function (p=0.016) were enhanced in the BACS test afterl-theanine administration.ConclusionOur study suggests that chronic (8-week)l-theanine administration is safe and has multiple beneficial effects on depressive symptoms, anxiety, sleep disturbance and cognitive impairments in patients with MDD. However, since this is an open-label study, placebo-controlled studies are required to consolidate the effects.
Genesis and implications of the Late Jurassic Hailesitai granites in the northern Greater Khingan Range: evidence from zircon U–Pb dating and Hf isotope
Authors: ZHU PINGPING , CHENG QIUMING , ZHANG ZHENJIE , WANG ZIYE 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe tectonic setting and geodynamic model of the Greater Khingan Range (GKR) is highly controversial due to the lack of reliable geological, isotopic and geochronological evidence. In the current study, the Hailesitai pluton, located at the west of the suture between the northern and southern GKR in the east of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, is selected to address this issue. These granites of the high potassium calc-alkaline series belong to the A1-type granites with typical geochemical characteristics including high contents of Al2O3, extremely low contents of Ti, P, enriched LREE, LILE, depleted HFSE, and a medium Eu negative anomaly. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U−Pb dating indicates that the granites can be divided into two stages: c. 152 and c. 161 Ma. The intrusion of A1-type granites at ~161 Ma implies that intra-plate orogenesis of the northern GKR started at c. 161 Ma at latest. The Hailesitai pluton has relatively homogeneous Hf isotope compositions with a εHf (t) value (+6.0 − +9.0), and two-stage depleted mantle model ages of 579−738 Ma show that the original magma is a mixture of juvenile and crustal source rocks. Extensional collapse of the Mongol−Okhotsk belt between the Siberia block and the northern GKR resulted in the formation of late Jurassic A1-type granites in the northern GKR. The Hailesitai pluton formed in response to post-orogenic extensional collapse of the Mongol–Okhotsk belt, coupled with back-arc extension related to Palaeo-Pacific plate subduction.
Board Structure and Firm Performance: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Bonn Ingrid 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe influence of corporate governance on firm performance has been discussed for a number of years, but mainly in a United States and European business context. This article investigates the composition of boards of directors in large Australian firms and analyses whether board structure has an impact on performance, as measured by return on equity and market-to-book value ratio. The results showed that outsider ratio and female director ratio were positively associated with firm performance, whereas board size and directors' age had no influence on firm performance.
Knowledge, advice and attitudes toward women driving a car after caesarean section or hysterectomy: A survey of obstetrician/gynaecologists and midwives
Authors: Shand Antonia W. , Harpham Margie E. , Lainchbury Anne , McCormack Lalla , Leung Stefanie , Nassar Natasha 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundWomen are given variable information about when to recommence driving after surgery.AimsTo assess obstetrician/gynaecologists’ and midwives’ knowledge, attitudes and advice about car driving after abdominal surgery including hysterectomy or caesarean section (CS).Materials and MethodsAn anonymous SurveyMonkey™ survey was distributed to accredited trainees and Fellows of the Royal Australian New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and midwives registered with the Australian College of Midwives by email in November 2013. Demographic information, recommendations about driving, and reasoning behind these recommendations were collected.ResultsNine hundred and seventy‐seven clinician responses (15.8%) were analysed: 555 midwives, 92 trainees and 330 Fellows. Ninety‐six percent gave advice about driving after surgery. Respondents considered pain (85.6%), medication (73.2%) and mobility (70.5%) the most important factors when advising on resumption of driving. After uncomplicated CS, 19% said they would advise a well woman that she could drive <4 weeks, 18% advised four weeks, 33% advised five to six weeks and 27% did not give a specific timeframe. Similar timeframes were given following hysterectomy. Of each professional group, trainees (49%) and midwives (48%) were more likely to advise waiting five to six weeks to resume driving compared with Fellows (9%) (P < 0.001). Although 71.5% of respondents thought that most women drove before four weeks, only 33.9% of respondents thought driving earlier than advice given was unsafe.ConclusionsClinicians frequently give advice about driving after surgery. This advice is inconsistent and many advise women not to drive for significant time periods. This study highlights the need for education and research about driving after surgery.
Electronic cigarette explosion associated with extensive intraoral injuries
Authors: Brooks John K. , Kleinman Justin W. , Brooks Jeremy B. , Reynolds Mark A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWith the rise in popularity of usage of various electronic smoking devices, there have been increasing reports of explosions, often resulting in complex injuries to the head and neck. To promote the awareness of this new phenomenon, a case report is provided regarding an 18‐year‐old male who had an electronic cigarette explode in his mouth. He presented with severe damage to the anterior dentition (fractured teeth, avulsions, luxation), had fractured the premaxilla and anterior nasal spine, and sustained lacerations to the upper lip, labial mucosa, gingivae, tongue, hard palate, and facial skin.
Heart transplantation after Fontan: Results from a surgical Fontan cohort
Authors: Pundi Kavitha N. , Pundi Krishna , Driscoll David J. , Dearani Joseph A. , Li Zhuo , Dahl Sonja H. , Mora Bassem N. , O'Leary Patrick W. , Daly Richard C. , Cetta Frank , Johnson Jonathan N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe performed a retrospective review of outcomes after heart transplantation during long‐term follow‐up of a surgical cohort of 1138 Fontan patients who were followed at the Mayo Clinic. Follow‐up information was obtained from medical records and a clinical questionnaire that was mailed to patients not known to be deceased at the initiation of the study. Forty‐four of 1138 Fontan patients with initial or subsequent evaluation at Mayo had cardiac transplantation between 1988 and 2014 (mean age at transplantation was 23.2 ± 12 yr, median was 19.8 yr; mean interval between Fontan and transplantation was 13.0 ± 7.7 yr, median was 13.1 yr). Two patients had combined organ transplantation (one heart–lung, one heart–liver). Twelve of the 44 (27%) patients had PLE prior to transplantation. There was no difference in post‐bypass Fontan pressures or incidence of late reoperations for AVV repair/replacement between transplanted and non‐transplanted patients. There were 16 (36%) deaths in the transplantation cohort; seven occurred within 30 days of transplantation. Overall one, five, 10, and 15 yr post‐transplantation survival was 80%, 72%, 69%, and 55%, respectively. Although this is a challenging group of patients, intermediate‐term results suggest that cardiac transplantation remains a reasonable option for patients with a failed Fontan circulation.
Superior mitochondrial adaptations in human skeletal muscle after interval compared to continuous single‐leg cycling matched for total work
Authors: MacInnis Martin J. , Zacharewicz Evelyn , Martin Brian J. , Haikalis Maria E. , Skelly Lauren E. , Tarnopolsky Mark A. , Murphy Robyn M. , Gibala Martin J. 
Published: July 2016

Key points
A classic unresolved issue in human integrative physiology involves the role of exercise intensity, duration and volume in regulating skeletal muscle adaptations to training.
We employed counterweighted single‐leg cycling as a unique within‐subject model to investigate the role of exercise intensity in promoting training‐induced increases in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content.
Six sessions of high‐intensity interval training performed over 2 weeks elicited greater increases in citrate synthase maximal activity and mitochondrial respiration compared to moderate‐intensity continuous training matched for total work and session duration.
These data suggest that exercise intensity, and/or the pattern of contraction, is an important determinant of exercise‐induced skeletal muscle remodelling in humans.
AbstractWe employed counterweighted single‐leg cycling as a unique model to investigate the role of exercise intensity in human skeletal muscle remodelling. Ten young active men performed unilateral graded‐exercise tests to measure single‐leg and peak power (Wpeak). Each leg was randomly assigned to complete six sessions of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) [4 × (5 min at 65% Wpeak and 2.5 min at 20% Wpeak)] or moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) (30 min at 50% Wpeak), which were performed 10 min apart on each day, in an alternating order. The work performed per session was matched for MICT (143 ± 8.4 kJ) and HIIT (144 ± 8.5 kJ, P > 0.05). Post‐training, citrate synthase (CS) maximal activity (10.2 ± 0.8 vs. 8.4 ± 0.9 mmol kg protein−1 min−1) and mass‐specific [pmol O2•(s•mg wet weight)−1] oxidative phosphorylation capacities (complex I: 23.4 ± 3.2 vs. 17.1 ± 2.8; complexes I and II: 58.2 ± 7.5 vs. 42.2 ± 5.3) were greater in HIIT relative to MICT (interaction effects, P < 0.05); however, mitochondrial function [i.e. pmol O2•(s•CS maximal activity)−1] measured under various conditions was unaffected by training (P > 0.05). In whole muscle, the protein content of COXIV (24%), NDUFA9 (11%) and mitofusin 2 (MFN2) (16%) increased similarly across groups (training effects, P < 0.05). Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COXIV) and NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A9 (NDUFA9) were more abundant in type I than type II fibres (P < 0.05) but training did not increase the content of COXIV, NDUFA9 or MFN2 in either fibre type (P > 0.05). Single‐leg was also unaffected by training (P > 0.05). In summary, single‐leg cycling performed in an interval compared to a continuous manner elicited superior mitochondrial adaptations in human skeletal muscle despite equal total work.
Impact of the Cold Pool on Mesoscale Convective System–Produced Extreme Rainfall over Southeastern South Korea: 7 July 2009
Authors: Jeong Jong-Hoon , Lee Dong-In , Wang Chung-Chieh 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this study, an extreme rainfall-producing quasi-stationary mesoscale convective system (MCS) associated with the Changma front in southeastern South Korea is investigated using numerical simulations and sensitivity tests. A record-breaking rainfall amount was recorded in response to repeated initiation of new cells (i.e., back-building) over the same area for several hours. The aim of this study is to realistically simulate and analyze this extreme rainfall event to better understand an impact of the cold pool that leads to the quasi-stationary MCS over southeastern South Korea by using a convection-allowing-resolution (2 km) nonhydrostatic atmospheric model.The control experiment (CNTL) was successfully performed, yielding the quasi-stationary, back-building MCS at approximately the correct location and time. In the CNTL run, diabatic cooling due to evaporation of raindrops was responsible for the formation of the cold pool. The development of the cold pool was responsible for the deceleration of the propagating convective line, which played a role in the stalling of the MCS over southeastern South Korea. Moreover, new convective cells were repeatedly initiated in the region where an oncoming warm inflow met the leading edge of the cold pool and was uplifted. In an experiment without evaporative cooling (NOEVA), the simulated precipitation pattern was shifted to the northeast because the MCS became nonstationary without the cold pool. The cold pool had an essential role in the stationarity of the MCS, which resulted in extreme rainfall over the Busan metropolitan area.
Magnetron Sputtering Deposition of Calcium Phosphate Films with Nanoscale Grain Morphology in their Surface
Authors: Otaño Wilfredo , Pantojas Víctor M. , Figueroa Juan M. , Hernández Darimar , Rodríguez-Navarro Alejandro 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTHydroxyapatite (HA) is a calcium phosphate mineral analogous to the mineral part of bone. This similarity makes this material bioactive and suitable to coat medical implants. However, at present, there is not a coating technique which gives the coated implant the desired properties and long life required for medical implants.In an effort to produce HA coatings with improved properties, calcium phosphate films were prepared using magnetron sputtering deposition on a silicon substrate at 600°C. Initial efforts resulted in the deposition of amorphous films with a distinctive grain-like surface morphology. The morphological grain size was studied using SEM and found that it was possible to control the average diameter value of the round shaped grains by adjusting the deposition time. Increasing the deposition time increases the mean grain diameter. EDS spectra showed the unintentional addition of carbon, iron and nickel to the samples during deposition. After eliminating the impurities, it was possible to prepare calcium phosphate films in the HA phase but without the grain-like surface morphology. These results suggested that the impurities prevented the formation of the calcium phosphate HA phase while acting as nuclei for the heterogeneous nucleation of the grains. This is an important result where the deposition process parameters can be controlled to functionalize the films in order to produce distinctive nanoscale features in the surface morphology.
Stability Threshold for Scalar Linear Periodic Delay Differential Equations
Authors: Nah Kyeongah , Röst Gergely 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe prove that for the linear scalar delay differential equationwith non-negative periodic coefficients of period P > 0, the stability threshold for the trivial solution is , assuming that b(t+1)−a(t) does not change its sign. By constructing a class of explicit examples, we show the counter-intuitive result that, in general, r = 0 is not a stability threshold.
DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with First-Line Platinum-Containing Chemotherapy
Authors: Rulli Eliana , Marabese Mirko , Piva Sheila , Bonomi Lucia , Caiola Elisa , Ganzinelli Monica 
Published: July 2016

Purpose Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DNA repair genes are believed to contribute to the clinical outcome of patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. We investigated the impact of 2 SNPs of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 and 2 of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group G on the outcome in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods Between October 2007 and March 2012, we collected 374 blood samples from consecutive patients registered in the TAILOR trial. Four SNPs (rs11615, rs3212986, rs17655, rs1047768) were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results The rs11615 polymorphism was associated with histotype (p = 0.0123). No other correlations were found with clinical variables or with EGFR or KRAS mutational status. None of the SNPs had any impact on overall survival or progression-free survival. Conclusions The findings suggest that the investigated SNPs do not make any significant contribution to the outcome of NSCLC.