bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of aerobic exercise on levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10: results from two randomized intervention trials
Authors: Conroy Shannon M. , Courneya Kerry S. , Brenner Darren R. , Shaw Eileen , O'Reilly Rachel , Yasui Yutaka , Woolcott Christy G. , Friedenreich Christine M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe mechanisms whereby regular exercise reduces chronic inflammation remain unclear. We investigated whether regular aerobic exercise alters basal levels of interleukin (IL)‐10 and IL‐4 in two randomized trials of physical activity. The Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (ALPHA, n = 320) and the Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta (BETA, n = 400) were two‐center, two‐armed randomized trials in inactive, healthy, postmenopausal women. Both trials included an exercise intervention prescribed five times/week and no dietary changes. In ALPHA, the exercise group was prescribed 225 min/week versus no activity in the controls. BETA examined dose‐response effects comparing 300 (HIGH) versus 150 (MODERATE) min/week. Plasma concentrations of IL‐10 and IL‐4 were measured at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis was performed using linear mixed models adjusted for baseline biomarker concentrations. Circulating anti‐inflammatory cytokine levels decreased among all groups, with percent change ranging from −3.4% (controls) to −8.2% (HIGH) for IL‐4 and −1.6% (controls) to −7.5% (HIGH) for IL‐10. No significant group differences were found for IL‐4 (ALPHA P = 0.54; BETA P = 0.32) or IL‐10 (ALPHA P = 0.84; BETA P = 0.68). Some evidence for moderation of the effect of exercise by baseline characteristics was found for IL‐10 but not for IL‐4. Results from these two large randomized aerobic exercise intervention trials suggest that aerobic exercise does not alter IL‐10 or IL‐4 in a manner consistent with chronic disease and cancer prevention.
Fructose sensitizes Jurkat cells oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis via caspase‐dependent and caspase‐independent mechanisms
Authors: Diaz‐Aguirre Viviana , Velez‐Pardo Carlos , Jimenez‐Del‐Rio Marlene 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhether fructose (FRU), as the sole energy source, confers a metabolic advantage on cancer cells against noxious stimuli is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low (11 mM), moderate (25 mM), and high (55 mM) FRU concentrations alone or in combination with rotenone (ROT) or doxorubicin (DOX) in Jurkat cells, an acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell model. Glucose (GLU) was used as a control. Using different cell analysis techniques, we demonstrated that FRU was predominantly metabolized via oxidative phosphorylation (∼95%) (i.e., lactate production was reduced >120‐fold), resulting in endogenous oxidative stress‐induced conditions. The cells were characterized by generation of O2•− (43%)/ H2O2 (40%) and activation of NF‐κB (∼95‐fold increase, fi), c‐Jun‐N terminal kinase (JNK), p53 (40‐fi), and c‐Jun (9‐fi). In addition, we observed a loss of ΔΨm (10%), activation of caspase‐3 (50‐fi) and apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF, 2‐fi), and condensation and fragmentation of the nuclei [20% by acridine orange/ethidium bromide/Hoechst (AO/EB/H) staining, 15% by flow cytometry] compared to those of GLU 11 at 24 h. Although DOX killed Jurkat cells independent of sugar content in the culture medium, leukemic cells in low, but not high, FRU were extremely sensitive to ROT. Taken together, our findings suggest that Jurkat cells are more susceptible to cell death if forced to shift from GLU metabolism (i.e., aerobic glycolysis) to FRU metabolism (i.e., oxidative phosphorylation) after treatment with mitochondria‐targeting molecules. These observations may help elucidate the cell death mechanism of leukemic cells cultured in FRU.
Electro‐ and Photo‐driven Reduction of CO2 by a trans‐(Cl)‐[Os(diimine)(CO)2Cl2] Precursor Catalyst: Influence of the Diimine Substituent and Activation Mode on CO/HCOO− Selectivity
Authors: Castillo Carmen E. , Armstrong Jennifer , Laurila Elina , Oresmaa Larisa , Haukka Matti , Chauvin Jérôme , Chardon‐Noblat Sylvie , Deronzier Alain 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA series of [OsII(NN)(CO)2Cl2] complexes where NN is a 2,2′‐bipyridine ligand substituted in the 4,4′ positions by H (C1), CH3 (C2), C(CH3)3 (C3), or C(O)OCH(CH3)2 (C4) has been studied as catalysts for the reduction of CO2. Electrocatalysis shows that the selectivity of the reaction can be switched toward the production of CO or HCOO− with an electron‐donating (C2, C3) or ‐withdrawing (C4) substituent, respectively. The electrocatalytic process is a result of the formation of an Os0‐bonded polymer, which was characterized by electrochemistry, UV/Visible and EPR spectroscopies. Photolysis of the complexes under CO2 in DMF+TEOA produces CO as a major product with a remarkably stable turnover frequency during 14 h of irradiation. Our results suggest that electrocatalysis and photocatalysis occur through two distinct processes, starting mainly from an OsI dimer precatalyst if the reduction is performed by an electrode and an OsI mononuclear species in case of a photoreduction process.
Mo2C/Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide Nanocomposite: An Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Sinong , Liao Lei , Shi Zhangping , Xiao Jingjing , Gao Qingsheng , Zhang Yahong , Liu Baohong , Tang Yi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA highly active, stable and inexpensive electrocatalyst, nanosized‐Mo2C/reduced‐graphene‐oxide (nanoMo2C/RGO), is developed for the hydrogen evolution reaction, which is of vital importance for environment concerns and the energy crisis. The nanocomposite catalyst is synthesized by a novel strategy through the facile calcination of a pre‐prepared organic–inorganic hybrid MoOx–amine precursor of sub‐nanosized periodic structure. The intercalation of the amine in the organic–inorganic precursor leads to the synchronous reduction of MoOx–amine to Mo2C and GO to RGO in an inert atmosphere, and thus nano‐Mo2C/RGO is facilely synthesized with highly monodisperse Mo2C nanoparticles (3–5 nm) as well as the reduced graphene. The remarkable structures and features are demonstrated to be the determinants for accelerating the interfacial electrocatalytic reaction with low charge‐transfer resistance and high interfacial capacitance. This study should provide a new perspective on the development of efficient noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts in the fields of energy conversion and storage.
Metal‐Ion‐Induced Switch of Liquid‐Crystalline Orientation of Metallomacrocycles
Authors: Kawano Shin‐ichiro , Hamazaki Takashi , Suzuki Atsushi , Kurahashi Kenshin , Tanaka Kentaro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA new series of shape‐persistent imine‐bridged macrocycles were synthesized based on dynamic covalent chemistry. The macrocycles had an alternating sequence of dibenzothiophene and N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)‐ethylenediamine (salen) tethering branched alkyl chains. The macrocycles and tetranuclear metallomacrocycles bearing long and branched alkyl chains exhibited thermotropic columnar liquid‐crystalline phases over a wide temperature range and the metallomacrocycles greatly depended on the characteristics of the coordinated metal ions. The metal‐free macrocycle showed a liquid‐crystalline phase with a lamellar structure and poor birefringence. In sharp contrast, the macrocyclic Ni complex showed a columnar oblique liquid‐crystalline phase, whereas the Pd and Cu complexes showed columnar liquid‐crystalline phases with a lamellar structure. The macroscopic organization and thermal properties of the corresponding liquid‐crystalline metallomacrocycles were significantly dependent on the subtle structural differences among the planar macrocycles, which were revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallographic analysis of the macrocycles with shorter alkyl chains.
Inspiratory Muscle Training and Functional Electrical Stimulation for Treatment of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Rationale and Study Design of a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Palau Patricia , Domínguez Eloy , López Laura , Heredia Raquel , González Jessika , Ramón Jose María , Serra Pilar , Santas Enrique , Bodi Vicente , Sanchis Juan , Chorro Francisco J. , Núñez Julio 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has become the most prevalent form of heart failure in developed countries. Regrettably, there is no evidence‐based effective therapy for HFpEF. We seek to evaluate whether inspiratory muscle training, functional electrical stimulation, or a combination of both can improve exercise capacity as well as left ventricular diastolic function, biomarker profile, quality of life (QoL), and prognosis in patients with HFpEF. A total of 60 stable symptomatic patients with HFpEF (New York Heart Association class II–III/IV) will be randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive a 12‐week program of inspiratory muscle training, functional electrical stimulation, a combination of both, or standard care alone. The primary endpoint of the study is change in peak exercise oxygen uptake; secondary endpoints are changes in QoL, echocardiogram parameters, and prognostic biomarkers. As of March 21, 2016, thirty patients have been enrolled. Searching for novel therapies that improve QoL and autonomy in the elderly with HFpEF has become a health care priority. We believe that this study will add important knowledge about the potential utility of 2 simple and feasible physical interventions for the treatment of advanced HFpEF.
Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Fibrous Silica (KCC‐1‐PEI/Pd): A Sustainable Nanocatalyst for Decarbonylation Reactions
Authors: Kundu Pintu K. , Dhiman Mahak , Modak Atanu , Chowdhury Arindam , Polshettiwar Vivek , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA practical and convenient decarbonylation of a variety of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and alkenyl aldehydes by using palladium nanoparticles supported on novel, fibrous nanosilica, named KCC‐1‐PEI/Pd, has been developed. Complete conversion of aldehyde functionalities into deformylated products was achieved in all cases and in nearly all cycles tested by reusing the catalyst systems. This method eliminates further purification of products after their isolation. Syntheses of at least three different deformylated products have been shown in sequence with the same catalyst system, which neither requires use of any additives, such as oxidants and bases, nor CO scavengers.
Surprisingly Big Rectification Ratios for a Very Small Unimolecular Rectifier
Authors: Meany Joseph E. , Johnson Marcus S. , Woski Stephen A. , Metzger Robert M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo shrink electrical circuits beyond the looming practical limits of Moore's “Law”, it has been a common goal to create carbon‐based components. Here is the first example of a new class of donor–σ–acceptor rectifiers: hemibiquinones (HBQs). HBQs possess donor and acceptor moieties that are electronically isolated by inter‐ring torsion. A HBQ–dinitrile self‐assembles on a template‐stripped gold surface through directed chemisorption, forming a 1.1 nm‐thick monolayer. Rectification is measured through the monolayer or single molecules by using three different top electrode arrangements. Even though the HBQs are composed of relatively weak electrophores, rectification ratios ranging from 5 to 160 were observed at 2.5 V.
Optic nerve input‐dependent regulation of neural stem cell proliferation in the optic tectum of adult zebrafish
Authors: Sato Yuki , Yano Hiroaki , Shimizu Yuki , Tanaka Hideomi , Ohshima Toshio 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAdult neurogenesis attracts broad attention as a possible cure for neurological disorders. However, its regulatory mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, they have been studying the cell proliferation mechanisms of neural stem cells (NSCs) using zebrafish, which have high regenerative potential in the adult brain. The presence of neuroepithelial‐type NSCs in the optic tectum of adult zebrafish has been previously reported. In the present study, it was first confirmed that NSCs in the optic tectum decrease or increase in proportion to projection of the optic nerves from the retina. At 4 days after optic nerve crush (ONC), BrdU‐positive cells decreased in the optic tectum's operation side. In contrast, at 3 weeks after ONC, BrdU‐positive cells increased in the optic tectum's operation side. To study the regulatory mechanisms, they focused on the BDNF/TrkB system as a regulatory factor in the ONC model. It was found that bdnf was mainly expressed in the periventricular gray zone (PGZ) of the optic tectum by using in situ hybridization. Interestingly, expression level of bdnf significantly decreased in the optic tectum at 4 days after ONC, and its expression level tended to increase at 3 weeks after ONC. They conducted rescue experiments using a TrkB agonist and confirmed that decrease of NSC proliferation in the optic tectum by ONC was rescued by TrkB signal activation, suggesting stimuli‐dependent regulation of NSC proliferation in the optic tectum of adult zebrafish. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 419–437, 2017
Self‐Supported Lithium Titanium Oxide Nanosheet Arrays Decorated with Molybdenum Disulfide for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Dawei , Edwards Doreen D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHierarchical nanocomposites of lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12; LTO) nanosheet arrays decorated with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) were synthesized by a hydrothermal approach. Compared to LTO, the as‐synthesized composites showed much improved capacity (433 mA h g−1 after 70 cycles at various current densities), good rate capability (320 mA h g−1 and 210 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1 and 2000 mA g−1, respectively), outstanding cycle stability (174 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at 5000 mA g−1), and a wide operating temperature range, extending from −15 to 55 °C when used as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. The excellent performance of the MoS2@LTO composites could be attributed to the improved conductivity and unique hierarchical structure that provides a high contact surface area and reduced diffusion paths for both ion and electron transport. The results give clear evidence of the usefulness of MoS2 when improving the electrochemical properties of LTO electrodes, promising advanced batteries with high capacity and long cycle life.
Partial deletion of DEPDC5 in a child with focal epilepsy
Authors: Bonaglia Maria Clara , Giorda Roberto , Epifanio Roberta , Bertuzzo Sara , Marelli Susan , Gerard Marion , Andrieux Joris , Zanotta Nicoletta , Zucca Claudio 
Published: August 2016

SummaryWe report on a child, aged 47/12 years, with borderline intelligence quotient, normal brain magnetic resonance imaging, and focal epilepsy. The polysomnographic electroencephalogram recording revealed asynchronous central spikes at both brain hemispheres resembling the features observed in focal idiopathic epileptic syndromes. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed a 32‐kb partial deletion of the DEP domain‐containing protein 5 (DEPDC5) gene, involved in a wide spectrum of inherited focal epileptic syndromes. The parental origin of the deletion could not be fully ascertained because the pregnancy had been achieved through anonymous egg donation and insemination by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. However, we demonstrate that the deletion, shared by all alternatively spliced isoforms of DEPDC5, produces a transcript presumably generating a DEPDC5 protein missing the entire DEP domain. Our findings suggest that partial deletion of DEPDC5 may be sufficient to cause the focal epilepsy in our patient, highlighting the importance of the DEP domain in DEPDC5 function. This study expands the phenotypic spectrum of DEPDC5 to sporadic forms of focal idiopathic epilepsy and underscores the fact that partial deletions, albeit probably very rare, are part of the genetic spectrum of DEPDC5 mutations.
Associations between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Eating Disorders by Gender: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Authors: Brewerton Timothy D. , Duncan Alexis E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFew studies have assessed the association between attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating disorders (ED) separately in men and women, especially in representative samples. Using data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, lifetime and past 12‐month prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV, ADHD was compared in men and women with and without diagnoses of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV ED and any binge eating (BE) using logistic regression models adjusted for gender and age. In both sexes, those with lifetime and past 12‐month BE and binge eating disorder had significantly higher prevalence of ADHD than those without BE and binge eating disorder, respectively. Women with lifetime and past 12‐month bulimia nervosa and lifetime anorexia nervosa also had significantly higher prevalence of ADHD compared with women without these diagnoses. Given that ADHD invariably began earlier than the ED, ADHD may be an important risk factor for subsequent BE and related ED, and there may be opportunities for intervention among youth with ADHD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Effectiveness of Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction Bibliotherapy: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hazlett‐Stevens Holly , Oren Yelena 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveThis randomized controlled investigation examined the effectiveness of a self‐help bibliotherapy format of the evidence‐based mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention.MethodCollege students seeking stress reduction were randomly assigned to a 10‐week MBSR bibliotherapy intervention group (n = 47) or a no‐treatment control group (n = 45). Self‐report measures were collected at baseline and postintervention.ResultsA total of 25 bibliotherapy and 43 control group participants provided final data following the intervention period. Compared to the control group, bibliotherapy participants reported increased mindfulness following the intervention. Significant decreases on measures of depression, anxiety, stress, perceived stress, and anxiety sensitivity also were reported postintervention as well as increased quality of life in physical health, psychological, and environmental domains. No statistically significant group effects were found for social relationships quality of life domain, worry, and experiential avoidance measures.ConclusionThis MBSR workbook may provide an acceptable and effective alternative for motivated individuals seeking to reduce stress, at least for a select group of individuals who are willing and able to sustain participation in the intervention.
Evaluation of a wind‐farm parametrization in a regional climate model using large eddy simulations
Authors: Chatterjee F. , Allaerts D. , Blahak U. , Meyers J. , van Lipzig N.P.M. 
Published: August 2016

The increasing number of wind farms in the North Sea planned for 2020 is likely to affect the local, regional and perhaps global climate. To this effect, it is crucial to be able to model wind farms adequately on the regional scale. Wind farms have previously been implemented in regional climate models. However, such models have rarely been thoroughly evaluated, due to a lack of observation.In this study, an idealized version of the COSMO‐CLM regional climate model is used in order to evaluate a constant thrust version of the Fitch wind‐farm parametrization using large eddy simulations (LES). As a benchmark for the COSMO‐CLM and LES comparison, a channel flow without wind farms is first evaluated. COSMO‐CLM is able to reproduce this channel flow with a root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of 0.6 m s–1 (4%) and an Ekman flow with an RMSE of 0.05 m s–1
(2%). Next, the wind‐farm parametrization is implemented and evaluated. The wind‐farm parametrization yields a RMSE of 4 m s–1(12%) in wind speed for the channel flow and an RMSE of 0.2 m s–1(3%) for the Ekman flow. Based on LES output, a parameter was introduced to correct for the use of the grid‐box averaged velocity to calculate the thrust force in the wind‐farm parametrization instead of the disc‐averaged wind speed. This correction had little impact on the RMSE, showing that the use of the grid‐box velocity in the wind‐farm parametrization is adequate.
The effectiveness of the Penn Resiliency Programme (PRP) and its adapted versions in reducing depression and anxiety and improving explanatory style: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bastounis Anastasios , Callaghan Patrick , Banerjee Anirban , Michail Maria 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTMental health problems in children can be precursors of psychosocial problems in adulthood. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the universal application of a resilience intervention (PRP and derivatives), which has been proposed for large scale roll‐out. Electronic databases were searched for published randomized controlled trials of PRP and derivatives to prevent depression and anxiety and improve explanatory style in students aged 8–17 years. Studies were meta‐analysed and effect sizes with confidence intervals were calculated. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies of the Effective Public Health Practice Project was used to determine the confidence in the effect estimates. Nine trials from Australia, the Netherlands and USA met the inclusion criteria. No evidence of PRP in reducing depression or anxiety and improving explanatory style was found. The large scale roll‐out of PRP cannot be recommended. The content and structure of universal PRP should be re‐considered.
Alluvial fan, braided river and shallow-marine turbidity current deposits in the Port Lazo and Roche Jagu formations, Northern Brittany: relationships to andesite emplacements and implications for age of the Plourivo-Plouézec Group
Authors: WENT DAVID J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFacies and stratigraphic analysis of the Port Lazo and Roche Jagu formations, together the lower part of the Plourivo-Plouézec Group, suggests deposition in three distinct depositional systems. The lower part of the Port Lazo Formation comprises red conglomerate, sandstone and shale of alluvial fan to alluvial plain origin. A conformable interval of grey sandstone and shale succeeds the lower Port Lazo red beds and records a period of subtidal sedimentation dominated by river-fed, shallow-water turbidity currents (hyperpycnites). The succeeding Roche Jagu Formation comprises red sandstones and shales of braided fluvial origin. It is intercalated with, and succeeded by, andesites. The andesites succeeding the fluvial strata overlie a prominent erosion surface and are lava flows, whereas those intercalated with the fluvial strata are intrusions. Rb–Sr radiometric dating of the andesites at 472+/−5 Ma is commonly used as evidence for the whole Plourivo-Plouézec Group being Early Ordovician in age. However, the stratigraphic relationships and patterns of sedimentation in the Port Lazo and Roche Jagu formations, together with the localized presence ofArumberia, suggest they are most likely of early Cambrian age and related to a phase of post-Cadomian rifting. The facies deposited show both similarities to and differences from neighbouring strata of equivalent age, and highlight the control exerted by sediment load on alluvial and nearshore processes on early Palaeozoic environments.