bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental monitoring to guide and assess the effectiveness of Randle Reef sediment remediation on the recovery of Hamilton Harbour
Authors: Graham Matthew , Hartman Erin , Joyner Rupert , Kim Kay , Santiago Roger 
Published: October 2017

Randle Reef is a 60 hectare portion of the Hamilton Harbour bed, heavily contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Remediation of contaminated sediment at Randle Reef is currently underway and is expected to be completed by 2022. In order to measure the effectiveness of the remedial effort on the surrounding ecosystem as well as enable the project's success to be critically evaluated, short and long term site-specific monitoring studies are required. As such, research scientists and sediment remediation specialists have collaborated to develop a site-specific, comprehensive series of environmental monitoring plans. The monitoring plans use several metrics to determine the state of the ecosystem prior to, during and post remediation. Monitoring studies have been designed to measure physical, biological and chemical trends over time. These studies will be used to determine the overall effectiveness of the remediation project and ultimately lead to the eventual delisting of Hamilton Harbour from the list of Great Lakes Areas of Concern. This article is a synopsis of the environmental monitoring studies that have been designed to guide and assess the effectiveness of the Randle Reef Sediment Remediation Project.
The efficacy of resistance training in hypoxia to enhance strength and muscle growth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ramos‐Campo Domingo J. , Scott Brendan R. , Alcaraz Pedro E. , Rubio‐Arias Jacobo A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecent studies have reported that resistance training in hypoxia (RTH) may augment muscle size and strength development. However, consensus on the effects of RTH via systematic review and meta‐analysis is not yet available. This work aimed to systematically review studies which have investigated using RTH versus normoxic resistance training (NRT) to improve muscular size and strength, and to perform a meta‐analysis to determine the effect of RTH on these adaptive parameters. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from database inception until 17 June 2017 for original articles assessing the effects of RTH on muscle size and strength versus NRT. The effects on outcomes were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD). Nine studies (158 participants) reported on the effects of RTH versus NRT for muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) (n = 4) or strength (n = 6). RTH significantly increased CSA (SMD = 0.70, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.05, 1.35; p = .04) and strength (SMD = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.20, 2.56; p < .00001). However, RTH did not produce significant change in CSA (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI −0.19, 0.68, p = .27) or strength (SMD = 0.20; 95% CI = −0.27, 0.78; p = .23) when compared to NRT. Although RTH improved muscle size and strength, this protocol did not provide significant benefit over resistance training in normoxia. Nevertheless, this paper identified marked differences in methodologies for implementing RTH, and future research using standardized protocols is therefore warranted.
Centre vortex removal restores chiral symmetry
Authors: Trewartha Amalie , Kamleh Waseem , Leinweber Derek B 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The influence of centre vortices on dynamical chiral symmetry breaking is investigated through the light hadron spectrum on the lattice. Recent studies of the quark propagator and other quantities have provided evidence that centre vortices are the fundamental objects underpinning dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in

SU
(
3
)

gauge theory. For the first time, we use the chiral overlap fermion action to study the low-lying hadron spectrum on lattice ensembles consisting of Monte Carlo, vortex-removed, and vortex-projected gauge fields. We find that gauge field configurations consisting solely of smoothed centre vortices are capable of reproducing all the salient features of the hadron spectrum, including dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. The hadron spectrum on vortex-removed fields shows clear signals of chiral symmetry restoration at light values of the bare quark mass, while at heavy masses the spectrum is consistent with a theory of weakly interacting constituent quarks.
ArachnoServer 3.0: an online resource for automated discovery, analysis and annotation of spider toxins
Authors: Pineda Sandy S , Chaumeil Pierre-Alain , Kunert Anne , Kaas Quentin , Thang Mike W C , Le Lien , Nuhn Michael , Herzig Volker , Saez Natalie J , Cristofori-Armstrong Ben , Anangi Raveendra , Senff Sebastian , Gorse Dominique , King Glenn F 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Summary
ArachnoServer is a manually curated database that consolidates information on the sequence, structure, function and pharmacology of spider-venom toxins. Although spider venoms are complex chemical arsenals, the primary constituents are small disulfide-bridged peptides that target neuronal ion channels and receptors. Due to their high potency and selectivity, these peptides have been developed as pharmacological tools, bioinsecticides and drug leads. A new version of ArachnoServer (v3.0) has been developed that includes a bioinformatics pipeline for automated detection and analysis of peptide toxin transcripts in assembled venom-gland transcriptomes. ArachnoServer v3.0 was updated with the latest sequence, structure and functional data, the search-by-mass feature has been enhanced, and toxin cards provide additional information about each mature toxin.

Availability and implementation
http://arachnoserver.org

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Strong Instability of Ground States to a Fourth Order Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Bonheure Denis , Castéras Jean-Baptiste , Gou Tianxiang , Jeanjean Louis 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this note, we prove the instability by blow-up of the ground state solutions for a class of fourth order Schrödinger equations. This extends the first rigorous results on blowing-up solutions for the biharmonic nonlinear Schrödinger due to Boulenger and Lenzmann [8] and confirm numerical conjectures from [1–3, 11].
The UCSC Genome Browser database: 2018 update
Authors: Casper Jonathan , Zweig Ann S , Villarreal Chris , Tyner Cath , Speir Matthew L , Rosenbloom Kate R , Raney Brian J , Lee Christopher M , Lee Brian T , Karolchik Donna , Hinrichs Angie S , Haeussler Maximilian , Guruvadoo Luvina , Navarro Gonzalez Jairo , Gibson David , Fiddes Ian T , Eisenhart Christopher , Diekhans Mark , Clawson Hiram , Barber Galt P , Armstrong Joel , Haussler David , Kuhn Robert M , Kent W James 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The UCSC Genome Browser (https://genome.ucsc.edu) provides a web interface for exploring annotated genome assemblies. The assemblies and annotation tracks are updated on an ongoing basis—12 assemblies and more than 28 tracks were added in the past year. Two recent additions are a display of CRISPR/Cas9 guide sequences and an interactive navigator for gene interactions. Other upgrades from the past year include a command-line version of the Variant Annotation Integrator, support for Human Genome Variation Society variant nomenclature input and output, and a revised highlighting tool that now supports multiple simultaneous regions and colors.
A Quality Improvement Initiative to Increase Scoring Consistency and Accuracy of the Finnegan Tool
Authors: Timpson Wendy , Killoran Cheryl , Maranda Louise , Picarillo Alan , Bloch-Salisbury Elisabeth 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Current practice for diagnosing neonatal abstinence syndrome and guiding pharmacological management of neonatal drug withdrawal is dependent on nursing assessments and repeated evaluation of clinical signs.

Purpose:
This single-center quality improvement initiative was designed to improve accuracy and consistency of Finnegan scores among neonatal nurses.

Methods:
One-hundred seventy neonatal nurses participated in a single-session withdrawal-assessment program that incorporated education, scoring guidelines, and a restructured Finnegan scale. Nurses scored a standardized video-recorded infant presenting with opioid withdrawal before and after training.

Results:
Nearly twice as many nurses scored at target (Finnegan score of 8) posttraining (34.7%; mean error = 0.559, SD = 1.4) compared with pretraining (18.8%; mean error = 1.31, SD = 1.95; Wilcoxon, P < .001). Finnegan scores were significantly higher than the target score pretraining (mean = 9.31, SD = 1.95) compared with posttraining (mean = 8.56, SD = 1.40, Wilcoxon P < .001); follow-up assessments reverted to pretraining levels (mean = 9.16, SD = 1.8). Score dispersion was greater pretraining (variance 3.80) compared with posttraining (variance 1.96; Kendall's Coefficient, P < .001) largely due to score disparity among central nervous system symptomology.

Implications for Practice:
Education, clinical guidelines, and a restructured scoring tool increased consistency and accuracy of infant withdrawal-assessments among neonatal nurses. However, more than 60% of nurses did not assess withdrawal to the target score immediately following the training period and improvements did not persist over time.

Implications for Research:
This study highlights the need for more objective tools to quantify withdrawal severity given that assessments are the primary driver of pharmacological management in neonatal drug withdrawal.

Video Abstract available at
https://journals.lww.com/advancesinneonatalcare/Pages/videogallery.aspx.
The Cost and Utility of Postreduction Radiographs After Closed Reduction of Pediatric Wrist and Forearm Fractures
Authors: Goodman Avi D. , Zonfrillo Mark R. , Chiou Daniel , Eberson Craig P. , Cruz Aristides I. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Formal radiographs are frequently obtained after reduction of closed pediatric wrist and forearm fracture performed under mini C-arm fluoroscopy. However, their utility has not been clearly demonstrated to justify the increased time, cost, and radiation exposure. We hypothesized that formal postreduction radiographs do not affect the rereduction rate of pediatric wrist and forearm fractures. We further sought to determine the time, monetary, and opportunity costs associated with obtaining these radiographs.

Methods:
A total of 119 patients presented to our urban, level I pediatric trauma center from April 2015 to September 2015 with isolated, closed wrist and forearm fractures who underwent sedation and reduction using mini C-arm fluoroscopy. Demographic and injury variables were collected, along with incidence of rereduction and need for future surgery. Time intervals for sedation, awaiting x-ray, and total encounter periods were noted, and total direct and variable indirect costs for each encounter were obtained from our institution’s cost accounting and billing databases. Marginal time and monetary costs were noted and further calculated as a percentage of the total encounter. Opportunity costs were calculated for the time spent obtaining the postreduction radiographs.

Results:
Of 119 patients with isolated, closed wrist or forearm fractures, none required rereduction after initial reduction using sedation and mini C-arm fluoroscopy. Postreduction radiographs required an average of 26.2 minutes beyond the end of sedation, or 7.3% of the encounter time and cost. The direct cost of the x-ray was 2.6% of the encounter cost. With our institution’s annual volume, this time could have been used to see an additional 656 patients per year.

Conclusions:
Postreduction formal radiographs did not result in changes in management. There are significant direct and opportunity costs for each patient who undergoes additional formal radiographs. Pediatric patients with isolated, closed wrist or forearm fractures do not routinely need formal radiographs after reduction under mini C-arm fluoroscopy.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—Therapeutic.
Long-term Surgical Outcomes After Early Definitive Spinal Fusion for Early-onset Scoliosis With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 at Mean Follow-up of 14 Years
Authors: Tauchi Ryoji , Kawakami Noriaki , Castro Michael Anton , Ohara Tetsuya , Saito Toshiki , Morishita Kazuaki , Yamauchi Ippei 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Several authors mentioned surgical outcome for scoliosis associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). However, no studies have summarized long-term surgical outcomes after surgical treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) with NF-1. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term surgical outcome after early definitive spinal fusion for EOS in NF-1 patients.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective review on a cohort of 11 patients diagnosed with EOS associated with NF-1 between 1990 and 2009 in our hospital. The study included 7 male and 4 female NF-1 patients with a mean age at fusion surgery of 8 years 4 months who underwent early definitive spinal fusion for EOS. We reviewed radiographs, computed tomography and magnetic resonance images for each patient. The data collected included type of NF-1, Cobb angles, kyphotic angle, spinal length (T1-S1), and pulmonary function. We also evaluated progression of the dystrophic change through radiographs and computed tomography during the follow-up period.

Results:
The mean follow-up duration was 14 years (5 y 10 mo to 25 y). All patients underwent anterior and posterior fusion surgeries in either 1 or 2 stages. Seven cases had subtotal tumor resection from the concave side followed by rib strut grafting. The mean preoperative Cobb angle of the primary curve was corrected from 71.2 to 24.1 degrees and was maintained at the final follow-up at 23.5 degrees. Mean values for preoperative and final follow-up T1-S1 heights were 30.7 and 36.2 cm, respectively. Mean values for preoperative and final follow-up % forced vital capacity (the present/the predicted) were 75.0% and 74.4%, respectively. The dystrophic change progressed in all cases during the long-term follow-up.

Conclusions:
Our goals for NF-1 scoliosis are to obtain deformity correction, to achieve stable instrumentation by using longer fusion levels and to attain a solid fusion mass that can tolerate continual erosion during the long-term follow-up. We achieve this by using a circumferential approach for EOS associated with NF-1.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
Raising Mean Arterial Pressure Alone Restores 20% of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Losses
Authors: Yang Joshua , Skaggs David L. , Chan Priscella , Shah Suken A. , Vitale Michael G. , Neiss Geraldine , Feinberg Nicholas , Andras Lindsay M. 
Published: October 2017

Study Design.
Multicenter prospective.

Objective.
To assess the effect of intraoperative interventions in restoring intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) signals in pediatric spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
No prior studies have prospectively examined the rate of return of IONM signals by increasing blood pressure (BP) alone.

Methods.
Patients undergoing posterior spinal deformity surgery were enrolled at their preoperative appointment. Surgeons completed an intraoperative data form on patients who experienced an IONM change defined as a 50% or greater decrease in either transcranial motor evoked potentials or somatosensory evoked potentials.

Results.
Four hundred fifty two patients were enrolled with 30 (7%) having IONM change. Thirty patients met inclusion criteria (mean age, 12 yrs, range, 5–19) and had the following diagnoses: idiopathic scoliosis (43%), neuromuscular scoliosis (13%), congenital scoliosis (10%), early onset scoliosis (7%), and other (27%). 20% (6/30) had return of signals due to an increase in BP alone with no other interventions (mean arterial pressure [MAP] increased from mean of 68 [range, 58–76] to 86 mmHg [range, 75–95]). Signals returned to baseline after mean of 16 minutes (range, 2–45). In 60% of patients (18/30), MAP was raised from a mean of 72 mmHg (range, 55–84) to 86 mmHg (range, 75–100) in conjunction with other interventions and had mean return of signals in 37 minutes (range, 8–210). Six (20%) of patients had signals return to baseline after a mean of 6 minutes (range, 3–13) in which MAP did not change appreciably. All patients had return of signals at the conclusion of the procedure with one patient having postoperative neurological sequale.

Conclusion.
In this prospective study of 452 pediatric spinal deformity surgeries, raising MAPs above 85 mmHg should be considered the first step in response to IONM signal changes, as this alone was successful in 20% of patients without sacrificing deformity correction.

Level of Evidence: 2
An update on noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features
Authors: Range Danielle Elliott , Jiang Sara Xiaoyin 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
Noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been established in the literature as a clinically indolent tumor. Despite this, it was traditionally treated like all other PTCs. In an attempt to reduce overtreatment of this entity, a panel of experts reclassified this entity as noninvasive follicular neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP). This reclassification has led to a flurry of literature elucidating the molecular, cytologic and clinical parameters of this ‘new’ entity and the implications for patient management. The purpose of this review is to examine the latest literature on this tumor and explore how its emergence has impacted our current understanding of the diagnosis, management and outcomes in this entity.

Recent findings
NIFTP is a low grade tumor with an indolent clinical course. Recent studies have begun to document the variable incidence of NIFTP, the ultrasound and cytologic findings, and the impact of the NIFTP terminology on established rates of malignancy in fine-needle aspiration and clinical outcome studies.

Summary
The recent literature on molecular, radiographic and cytologic characteristics of NIFTP are building our understanding of this neoplasm and support its indolent nature.
Distribution of Elastic Fibers in the Lacrimal Sac and Nasolacrimal Duct of Japanese Cadavers
Authors: Kitaguchi Yoshiyuki , Takahashi Yasuhiro , Nakano Takashi , Naito Munekazu , Ikeda Hiroshi , Miyazaki Hidetaka , Kakizaki Hirohiko 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
To investigate the distribution of elastic fibers in lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct of Japanese cadavers.

Methods:
We examined 8 lacrimal sacs and nasolacrimal ducts of 7 Japanese cadavers (4 right sides, 4 left sides; 3 males, 4 females; average age of 89 years at death) that were preserved with 10% buffered formalin. The harvested specimens were transversely sectioned. All specimens were stained with Elastica van Gieson. Micrographs were taken, and then converted to white and black images, and the elastic fiber density of 4 locations (middle and upper levels of lacrimal sac, and middle and lower levels of nasolacrimal duct) was compared.

Results:
Elastic fibers showed greater distribution in the lamina propria, compared with the submucosal tissue, at all locations (p < 0.001). Elastic fiber density within the lamina propria at the middle lacrimal sac level (13.5% ± 4.3%) was similar to the density observed at the upper lacrimal sac level (13.2% ± 2.3%, p = 0.87) and the lower nasolacrimal duct level (17.8% ± 6.0%, p = 0.088), but was significantly greater than the density observed at the middle nasolacrimal duct level (9.5% ± 3.8%, p = 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Elastic fibers in the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct are primarily distributed in the lamina propria, with a greater density at the upper and middle lacrimal sac levels, and at the lower nasolacrimal duct level, compared with the middle nasolacrimal duct level. This distribution of elastic fibers likely reflects the magnitude of mechanical stress within the lacrimal drainage system.
Neurosteroid Levels in Patients With Bipolar Disorder and a History of Cannabis Use Disorders
Authors: Mason Brittany L. , Van Enkevort Erin , Filbey Francesca , Marx Christine E. , Park John , Nakamura Alyson , Sunderajan Prabha , Brown E. Sherwood 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Purpose/Background
In animal models, levels of the neurosteroid pregnenolone increase after tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration and pregnenolone appears to attenuate the brain effects of THC. Given these interactions between pregnenolone and THC, we evaluated baseline neurosteroid levels in participants with a history of a cannabis use disorders (CUDs).

Methods/Procedures
Bipolar depressed participants were enrolled in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of add-on pregnenolone for depression and before receiving pregnenolone or placebo. Baseline serum levels of neurosteroids (pregnenolone, allopregnanolone, pregnanolone, and androsterone) were analyzed in 53 participants with highly sensitive and specific gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Current, active substance use disorders, or a positive baseline urine drug screen, were exclusionary. Participants were classified by past cannabis abuse or dependence diagnosis using the structured clinical interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Data were analyzed by independent t tests for separate neurosteroids.

Findings/Results
Participants with a history of CUD had higher serum pregnanolone, lower allopregnanolone, a higher pregnanolone to allopregnanolone ratio, and a lower pregnenolone to pregnanolone ratio compared with those without a history of cannabis use. Similar findings were not observed based on a history of other substance use disorders with the exception of lower allopregnanolone in those with opioid use disorders. Notably, the majority of those with an opioid use disorder also had a CUD (75%).

Implications/Conclusions
These findings potentially suggest either enduring changes in neurosteroids in people with past CUDs or represent a vulnerability marker for a CUD.
Complexity of Chronic Conditions’ Impact on End-of-Life Expense Trajectories of Medicare Decedents
Authors: Sullivan Suzanne S. , Li Junxin , Wu Yow-Wu Bill , Hewner Sharon 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to determine if the pattern of monthly medical expense can be used to identify individuals at risk of dying, thus supporting providers in proactively engaging in advanced care planning discussions.

BACKGROUND
Identifying the right time to discuss end of life can be difficult. Improved predictive capacity has made it possible for nurse leaders to use large data sets to guide clinical decision making.

METHODS
We examined the patterns of monthly medical expense of Medicare beneficiaries with life-limiting illness during the last 24 months of life using analysis of variance, t tests, and stepwise hierarchical linear modeling.

RESULTS
In the final year of life, monthly medical expense increases rapidly for all disease groupings and forms distinct patterns of change.

CONCLUSION
Type of condition can be used to classify decedents into distinctly different cost trajectories. Conditions including chronic disease, system failure, or cancer may be used to identify patients who may benefit from supportive care.