bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Clinic: The University of North Carolina Experience
Authors: McKee Megan J. , Keith Kevin , Deal Allison M. , Garrett Amy L. , Wheless Amy A. , Green Rebecca L. , Benbow Julie M. , Dees E. Claire , Carey Lisa A. , Ewend Matthew G. , Anders Carey K. , Zagar Timothy M. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Background.
Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) confers a poor prognosis and is unusual in requiring multidisciplinary care in the metastatic setting. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) has created a BCBM clinic to provide medical and radiation oncology, neurosurgical, and supportive services to this complex patient population. We describe organization and design of the clinic as well as characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of the patients seen in its first 3 years.

Methods.
Clinical and demographic data were collected from patients in a prospectively maintained database. Descriptive statistics are reported as percentages and means. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate time-to-event outcomes.

Results.
Sixty-five patients were seen between January 2012 and January 2015. At the time of presentation to the BCBM clinic, most patients (74%) had multiple (≥2) brain metastases and had received prior systemic (77%) and whole-brain radiation therapy and/or central nervous system stereotactic radiosurgery (65%) in the metastatic setting. Seventy-eight percent returned for a follow-up visit; 32% were enrolled in a clinical trial. Median time from diagnosis of brain metastasis to death was 2.11 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–2.47) for all patients, 1.15 years (95% CI 0.4–2.43) for triple-negative breast cancer, 1.31 years (95% CI 0.51–2.52) for hormone receptor-positive/HER2− breast cancer, and 3.03 years (95% CI lower limit 1.94, upper limit not estimable) for HER2+ breast cancer (p = .0037).

Conclusion.
Patients with BCBM have unique and complex needs that require input from several oncologic disciplines. The development of the UNC-CH multidisciplinary BCBM clinic is a model that can be adapted at other centers to provide coordinated care for patients with a challenging and complex disease.
A Review of Considered Factors to Penetrate Renewable Energy Resources in Electrical Power System
Authors: Giyatno Dhanis Woro Fittrin Selo Nur 
Published: December 2015

<p>As an increasing of load demand, scarcity of fossil fuel and penetration of greenhouse gasses (GHG) effect, utilization of renewable energy resources (RER) such as wind, solar, biomass and tidal are rising drastically. Distributed generation (DG) is a technology giving opportunity to integrate RER into power system network. These integrations are needed optimal long term planning. Those planning, hopefully, can increase reliability of electrical power system network while saving environment from GHG with minimum infestation, operation and maintenance cost. The aim of this paper is reviewing factors should be consider when preparing, operating and evaluating electrical power system with integration of RER. By this planning, it is expected that its integration is effective and efficient in a lifetime of project. Finally, this review can help government, researcher, engineer and private sector to make policies to preparing hybrid power system-DGs. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Penetration of renewable energy resources, electrical power system, long term planning, distributed generation, policies </em></p>
Prevalencia del resultado de citología de células escamosas atípicas que no excluye lesión intraepitelial de alto grado (ASC-H), en dos instituciones de Bogotá (Colombia), 2006-2013
Authors: Hernández-Tiria María Camila , Castillo-Zamora Marcos Fidel 
Published: December 2015

<p><strong>Objetivo</strong>: determinar la prevalencia de citologías cérvico-vaginales con hallazgo citológico de tipo células escamosas atípicas que no descartan lesión escamosa intraepitelial de alto grado (ASC-H), en dos centros de patología cervical, y determinar en ellas la prevalencia de lesión escamosa intraepitelial de alto grado (LEI-AG) por biopsia.<br /><strong>Materiales y métodos</strong>: estudio de corte transversal en el cual se incluyen todas las pacientes que se practicaron citologías en dos centros de colposcopia en Bogotá: un hospital público y un centro de colposcopia privado, en el periodo comprendido entre 2006-2013. Se identificaron las citologías ASC-H, se realizó muestreo consecutivo, se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas de las pacientes atendidas, el resultado colposcópico y el resultado de biopsia. En el análisis se presenta la prevalencia del resultado ASC-H, y sobre el número de pacientes con resultado de ASC-H se estimó la prevalencia de LEI-AG por histopatología.<br /><strong>Resultados</strong>: se identificaron 357 citologías ASC-H de 23.960 citologías anormales, calculando una prevalencia del 1,49 % (IC 95 %: 1,34-1,64). Se dispuso de estudio histopatológico en 230 pacientes (65 %); en las pacientes con citología ASC-H la prevalencia de LEI-AG fue de 26,5 %.<br /><strong>Conclusiones</strong>: los resultados de este estudio mostraron una prevalencia de ASC-H del 1,49 %. Dado que un importante número de pacientes tienen lesión intraepitelial de alto grado, se recomienda la realización de biopsia dirigida por colposcopia en pacientes con estos resultados.</p>
Estrategias de capacitación desarrolladas en un entorno corporativo estatal en Uruguay
Authors: Gambetta Marcelo 
Published: December 2015

El problema de investigación abordado se basó en analizar si las estrategias de capacitación corporativa desarrolladas en una empresa estatal uruguaya eran capaces de lograr un cambio comportamental en sus integrantes que ayudara a conformar tanto aprendizajes significativos individuales como aprendizaje organizacional. Las preguntas que la investigación buscó responder fueron: ¿De qué forma se alineaban los planes de capacitación con los objetivos corporativos? ¿La capacitación se desarrollaba sistemáticamente o era ocasional? ¿Cuáles eran los métodos que se utilizaban para llevar a cabo la capacitación corporativa? ¿De qué manera se medía el impacto de la capacitación impartida?Para realizar el estudio se propuso una investigación cualitativa. Las principales conclusiones del mismo fueron las siguientes:La oferta de cursos era variada, con diversas modalidades de enseñanza y orientada a todo tipo de empleado.Habría un escaso conocimiento de los objetivos estratégicos empresariales.La capacitación modificaría actitudes y comportamientos, aunque esto dependería principalmente de cada persona.El cambio comportamental se reflejaría principalmente a nivel del trabajo grupal y la interacción humana.No existirían, en general, mecanismos de apoyo formal que incentivaran la capacitación de los funcionarios de la empresa, especialmente en cursos comportamentales.Habría una escasa instrumentación de la medición del impacto de los cursos de capacitación.Los participantes aplicarían los conocimientos recibidos, aunque muchos se capacitarían para desarrollarse personalmente sin intención de utilizar los conocimientos en la empresa.El mecanismo de inscripción a cursos no resultaría del todo adecuado.La organización brindaría una educación facultadora de los participantes y un aprendizaje situado, si bien la capacitación impartida y el entorno organizacional no estarían demasiado alineados como para poder aplicar los conocimientos recibidos.La empresa no promovería la gestión del conocimiento adquirido.
Defining the scale of habitat availability for models of habitat selection
Authors: Paton Robert Stephen , Matthiopoulos Jason 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStatistical models of habitat preference and species distribution (e.g., Resource Selection Functions and Maximum Entropy approaches) perform a quantitative comparison of the use of space with the availability of all habitats in an animal's environment. However, not all of space is accessible all of the time to all individuals, so availability is in fact determined by limitations in animal perception and mobility. Therefore, measuring habitat availability at biologically relevant scales is essential for understanding preference, but herein lies a trade‐off: Models fitted at large spatial scales, will tend to average across the responses of different individuals that happen to be in regions with contrasting habitat compositions. We suggest that such models may fail to capture local extremes (hotspots and coldspots) in animal usage and call this potential problem, homogenization. In contrast, models fitted at smaller scales will vary stochastically depending on the particular habitat composition of their narrow spatial neighborhood, and hence fail to describe responses when predicting for different sampling instances. This is the now well‐documented issue of non‐transferability of habitat models. We illustrate this tradeoff, using a range of simulated experiments, incorporating variations in environmental gradients, richness and fragmentation. We propose diagnostics for detecting the two issues of homogenization and non‐transferability and show that these scale‐related symptoms are likely to be more pronounced in highly fragmented or steeply graded landscapes. Further, we address these problems by treating the neighborhood of each cell in the landscape grid as an individual sampling instance (with its own neighborhood), hence allowing coefficients to respond to the local expectations of environmental variables according to a Generalized Functional Response (GFR). Under simulation this approach is consistently better at estimating robust (i.e., transferable) habitat models at smaller scales, and less susceptible to homogenization at larger scales. At the same time, it represents the first application of a GFR to continuous space (rather than multiple, spatially distinct datasets), allowing the predictive advantages of this extension of species distribution models to become available to data from large‐scale but single‐site field studies.
Climate change impact on crop production in Central Asian Countries
Authors: Viter Anna , Zsarnóczai Sándor J. , Vasa László 
Published: December 2015

Increased risk due to global warming has already become embedded in agricultural decision making in Central Asia and uncertainties are projected to increase even further. Agro-ecology and economies of Central Asia are heterogeneous and very little is known about the impact of climate change at the subnational levels. The bio-economic farm model is used for ex-ante assessment of climate change impacts at sub-national levels in Central Asia. The bio-economic farm model is calibrated to ten farming systems in Central Asia based on the household survey and crop growth experiment data. The production uncertainties and the adaptation options of agricultural producers to changing environments are considered paramount in the simulations. Very large differences in climate change impacts across the studied farming systems are found. The positive income gains in large-scale commercial farms in the northern regions of Kazakhstan and negative impact in small-scale farms in arid zones of Tajikistan are likely to happen. Producers in Kyrgyzstan may expect higher revenues but also higher income volatilities in the future. Agricultural producers in Uzbekistan may benefit in the near future but may lose their income in the distant future. The negative impacts could be further aggravated in arid zones of Central Asia if irrigation water availability decline due to climate change and water demand increase in upstream regions. The scenario simulations show that market liberalization and improved commodity exchange between the countries have very good potential to cope with the negative consequences of climate change.
JEL classification: Q11, Q18
More insurance subsidies for European farmers – is it needed?
Authors: Lóránt Anna , Farkasné Fekete Maria 
Published: December 2015

In addition to traditional sources of uncertainties, such as market price volatility and animal and plant health-related risks, the impacts of climate change have recently become a major concern in the agricultural sector throughout the world. Insurance has been commonly proposed as a key instrument in farm risk management, and agricultural insurance schemes have become more widespread both in developed and developing countries. We conducted a case study in the UK to investigate farmers’ risk perception and willingness to pay for crop insurance by using contingent valuation method (CVM). Similarly to the experience from developing countries, we found that farmers are less willing to pay for insurance, however they do take actions to reduce their risks. While these results suggest that the provision of premium subsidies to European farmers can be justified; in order to avoid counter-productive policy outcomes, one may consider the introduction of a risk-based approach in agricultural risk management.
JEL classification: Q14
Integrating environment economy to project management
Authors: Lakatosné Szuhai Györgyi , Poór József 
Published: December 2015

Environmental sustainability is a horizontal issue that appears at all level of economic activities and private life. Due to the increasing complexity of regulations, particularly in case of EU funded developments, all the projects need to meet a lot of criteria on environment protection issues. These activities include the conduction of environmental studies, data collection, future emission estimations, improving social attitude, acquiring necessary permissions and environment friendly equipment and finally all the administrative activities to monitor everything mentioned previousThe project management organization increasingly needs a special expertise to meet all the requirements no matter what is the original scope of the project. The study collects different type of knowledge and expertise to manage environment economic issues during project management on four different categories, such as legal, technical, financial or human. The summary of the different type of knowledge provides logical conclusion on how the project management organization should meet the challenges of climate change in terms of daily work and organizational operations.
JEL classification: O22
Painful Hips and a Nodular Neck: Bilateral Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Leading to the Diagnosis of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
Authors: Gladstein Aharon Z. , van Dijck Stephanie , Wasserman Jonathan D. , Howard Andrew 
Published: December 2015

Case:
A twelve-year-old slender white girl underwent pinning of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) on both the right and left sides. The bilateral nature of the disease and her slender build prompted consideration of an underlying predisposition. She was referred for medical evaluation, which resulted in the identification of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Conclusion:
This report highlights the importance of recognizing atypical presentations of SCFE and the necessity for investigation of associated comorbid diagnoses. As with this case, atypical SCFE may represent the sentinel event leading to identification of underlying systemic illness and therefore may present an opportunity for early intervention.
Intraosseous Pseudotumor After Knee Viscosupplementation
Authors: Arenas Antonio , Lopez-Blasco Jose Javier , Fernandez Pilar 
Published: December 2015

Case:
A sixty-eight-year-old woman with osteoarthritis in the right knee who had received a single injection of a commercial hyaluronic acid preparation presented with an intraosseous mass that had not appeared in previous imaging studies. Open biopsy and curettage was performed, and a reactive pseudotumor related to viscosupplementation was diagnosed. At the last follow-up fourteen months after surgery, the patient had experienced no recurrence of the lesion.

Conclusion:
Viscosupplementation is considered a conservative treatment option for early-stage knee osteoarthritis. To the best of our knowledge, this complication, namely an intraosseous mass, has not been described previously in the literature.
Acidizing Sandstone Reservoirs With Aluminum-Based Retarded Mud Acid
Authors: Ji Qin , Zhou Lijun , Nasr-El-Din Hisham 
Published: December 2015

Summary
Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) has been used as a retarding agent for mud acid for a long time; its applications are studied in the laboratory and tested in the field. The theory and mechanism of AlCl3 retardation were investigated in many works involving mud acidizing and reservoir-permeability enhancement. This paper furthers this investigation with solubility tests, coreflood tests, and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to better understand the mechanism of AlCl3 working as a retarding agent in mud acid. The reactivity of Al-based retarded mud acid (15 wt% HCl, 1.5 wt% HF, and 5 wt% AlCl3·6H2O) with clay minerals and sandstones at different conditions has not been examined fully. To enhance the acid performance and to minimize formation damage, a systematic investigation of the interactions between the Al-based retarded mud acid and clay minerals in sandstone reservoirs is provided in this study. Furthermore, for the first time, 19F NMR spectroscopy was used to follow the reactions of Al-based retarded mud acid with clay minerals.
Solubility tests were performed to evaluate the retardation of the Al-based retarded mud acid when reacted with kaolinite, bentonite, and illite. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and 19F NMR were used to analyze the concentrations of key cations and components in the supernatant, whereas the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used to identify the reaction products and to explore the possibility of the presence of any precipitation. Coreflood tests of sandstone cores were also conducted.
This study shows that AlCl3 can retard the reaction of hydrofluoric acid (HF) with kaolinite, bentonite, or illite at 75 and 200 °F in Al-based retarded mud acid. Even with 5 wt% AlCl3·6H2O added in the acid system, no AlF3 precipitate was observed in any of the solubility tests. 19F NMR results showed that AlF4− and AlF3 were the only Al-F species existing in the spent Al-based retarded mud acid. H2SiF6 and HSiF5 were also identified. Coreflood tests showed significant permeability improvement to Berea sandstone when Al-based retarded mud acid was used, and the enhancement diminished when the temperature increased to 300 °F. Computed-tomography (CT) scan showed deeper penetration of Al-based retarded mud acid than mud acid at 75 °F, and the penetration reduced when temperature increased to 200 °F. On the basis of these results, new mechanisms were developed to better understand the reaction of Al-based retarded mud acid and clay minerals.
A Semianalytical Approach for Obtaining Type Curves of Multiple-Fractured Horizontal Wells With Secondary-Fracture Networks
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Liao Xinwei , Zhao Xiaoliang , Lv Sanbo , Zhu Langtao 
Published: December 2015

Summary
In naturally fractured reservoirs, complex fracture systems can easily develop along a horizontal wellbore during hydraulic fracturing. In the fracture systems, multiple, discrete secondary fractures are connected to the multiple-fractured horizontal well (MFHW). Because of the fracture complexity, most studies about performance forecast of such MFHWs highly depend on numerical simulators.
In this paper, a new semianalytical approach is proposed to overcome the challenge to analyze the pressure behavior of MFHWs in complex-fracture systems. First, a mathematical model for MFHWs with secondary-fracture networks is established. Then, with Gauss elimination and the Stehfest numerical algorithm (Stehfest 1970), the transient-pressure solution of the mathematical model is solved, and type curves of MFHWs with secondary-fracture networks are obtained. After that, model validation and sensitivity analysis are conducted.
It is found that the presented approach can rapidly and accurately generate type curves of MFHWs with secondary-fracture networks. This work provides very meaningful references for reservoir engineers in fracturing evaluations as well as performance estimations of MFHWs in naturally fractured reservoirs.
Improvement of the Performance of an Electrocoagulation Process System Using Fuzzy Control of pH
Authors: Demirci Yavuz , Pekel Lutfiye Canan , Altinten Ayla , Alpbaz Mustafa 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT: The removal efficiencies of electrocoagulation (EC) systems are highly dependent on the initial value of pH. If an EC system has an acidic influent, the pH of the effluent increases during the treatment process; conversely, if such a system has an alkaline influent, the pH of the effluent decreases during the treatment process. Thus, changes in the pH of the wastewater affect the efficiency of the EC process. In this study, we investigated the dynamic effects of pH. To evaluate approaches for preventing increases in the pH of the system, the MATLAB/Simulink program was used to develop and evaluate an on‐line computer‐based system for pH control. The aim of this work was to study Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (PID) control and fuzzy control of the pH of a real textile wastewater purification process using EC. The performances and dynamic behaviors of these two control systems were evaluated based on determinations of COD, colour, and turbidity removal efficiencies.
Effect of Copper and Other Trace Metal Addition to Pulp and Paper Wastewater
Authors: Barnett Jason , Richardson Desmond , Stack Karen , Lewis Trevor 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT: Porous pots were used to mimic, on a laboratory scale, an industrial activated sludge plant from a thermomechanical pulp and newsprint paper mill. Trace metal additions of Ca, Co, Cu, Fe(III), and Mg were found to improve chemical oxygen demand removal from 82% to 86 to 87%. Copper (0.1 to 1.0 mg/L) was also found to be beneficial in significantly inhibiting the growth of filamentous bacteria, contributing to a reduction of 20 to 45% in sludge volume index (SVI) with improved settleability and decreased bulking. However, at levels of 1.0 mg/L and higher, the concentration of Cu in the porous pot effluent would potentially exceed guidelines for receiving waters. The fate and impact of Cu was affected by the presence of other trace metals, in particular Mg and Ca. The addition of Mg or Ca along with 0.5 mg/L Cu increased the amount of Cu in the aqueous phase to levels that would potentially exceed government environmental guidelines. Calcium addition was also found to inhibit the effect of Cu in reducing filamentous bacteria and SVI.
Expanding DEMON Sidestream Deammonification Technology Towards Mainstream Application
Authors: Wett B. , Podmirseg S.M. , Gómez‐Brandón M , Hell M. , Nyhuis G. , Bott C. , Murthy S. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT: A cross‐Atlantic R&D‐cooperation involving three large utilities investigated the feasibility of mainstream deammonification—the application of partial nitritation/anammox for full‐plant treatment of municipal wastewater at ambient temperatures. Two major process components have been implemented, 1) bioaugmentation of aerobic‐ and anaerobic ammonia oxidizers (AOB and AMX) from the DEMON‐sidestream sludge liquor treatment to the mainstream and 2) implementation of hydrocyclones to select for anammox granules and retain them in the system. Different operation modes have been tested at laboratory‐ and pilot‐scale in order to promote the short‐cut (more direct anammox route) in nitrogen removal metabolism. At the full‐scale installation at Strass WWTP, stable repression of nitrite oxidizing biomass (NOB) has been achieved for several months. Significant anammox enrichment in the mainstream has been monitored while high efficiency in the sidestream‐process has been maintained (96% annual average ammonia removal).