bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Throughfall patterns in sugarcane and riparian forest: understanding the effect of sugarcane age and land use conversion
Authors: Silva Robson Willians da Costa , Salemi Luiz Felippe , Fernandes Rafael Pires , de Andrade Tatiana Morgan Berteli , de Moraes Jorge Marcos , de Camargo Plínio Barbosa , Martinelli Luiz Antonio 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSugarcane is an annual crop with a dynamic canopy that changes over time mainly because of genetic adaptation. There is uncertainty about the temporal trends of throughfall (TF) in this important commercial crop. In the present paper, we used troughs to measure TF in a third and fourth ratoon and subsequently in a fourth and fifth ratoon. Additional measurements were carried out in an adjacent riparian forest. There were no significant differences between cycles of sugarcane, growth phases and riparian forest. The TF results for ratoon crop and riparian forest in 2011/2012 were 76% and 79.5% of gross rainfall, respectively, while in 2012/2013, they were 79% and 78%, respectively. However, TF was remarkably lower in the riparian forest relative to ratoon from the second half of the culm formation and elongation phase (280 days after harvest) until harvest. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early Improvements in Individual Symptoms to Predict Later Remission in Major Depressive Disorder Treated With Mirtazapine
Authors: Funaki Kei , Nakajima Shinichiro , Suzuki Takefumi , Mimura Masaru , Uchida Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFew studies, to our knowledge, have examined whether early improvements in individual, instead of overall, depressive symptoms predict remission in major depressive disorder (MDD). This post hoc analysis used data from 194 patients with MDD enrolled in a 6‐week double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized trial of mirtazapine, to identify improvements in specific individual depressive symptoms in the early phase that are associated with subsequent remission. Trajectories of individual depressive symptoms over 6 weeks were compared between remitters and nonremitters. Early improvement was defined as a ≥20% decrease in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression 17 items (HAM‐D17) total score in weeks 1 and 2, and remission was defined as a HAM‐D17 final score of ≤7. Reliability parameters were calculated for early improvements in predicting later remission. Whether improvement in each of the HAM‐D17 symptoms in weeks 1 or 2 predicted remission was examined, using binary logistic regression analyses. As a result, improvements in weeks 1 and 2 were associated with sensitivity of 0.82 and 0.99 and specificity of 0.54 and 0.44, respectively, in predicting remission in week 6. Improvements in insomnia late (P = .04) and insight (P = .007) in week 1 and somatic symptoms general (P = .002) and insight (P = .04) in week 2 were associated with remission in week 6. In conclusion, early improvements in insight, insomnia late, and somatic symptoms general, as well as overall depressive symptoms, may serve as specific clinical indicators of subsequent remission in patients with MDD receiving mirtazapine.
Police Attitudes in England to Return Interviews, in Repeat Missing Person Cases
Authors: Harris Michael F. , Shalev Greene Karen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe aim of this article is to examine the attitudes of English police officers to return interviews of people who are reported missing repeatedly (e.g. three times or more). In addition to a brief police ‘Safe & Well Check’ a return interview is also carried out by a police officer and seeks to find out where people went and why, in order to identify potential risks to their safety and whether they experienced harm whilst they were missing. A mixed‐methods survey of 50 constables from one police force in England ran in March 2014, using quantitative and open qualitative questions. Key themes that emerged were individual frustration at repetition, negativity around usefulness of the interviews, a challenge to involve third sector partners, and development areas in training. Statistical significance was found in variables relating to officer experience and gender, against views on interviewing missing people. The article looks at the limited existing literature and makes recommendations about best practice with return interviews, advocating a multi‐agency approach to improve interventions, and better training to improve positivity towards missing people. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composite right/left‐handed transmission lines in use for ultra‐wideband matching of front‐end amplifiers with modified cuckoo search optimization
Authors: Güneş Filiz , Karataev Tologon , Demirel Salih 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIn this work, the broadband capability of composite right/left‐handed transmission lines (CRLH TLs) in the balanced condition is exploited for ultra‐wideband matching of a compact single transistor front‐end amplifier. For this purpose, the LC element values and the number of identical asymmetric CRLH TL cells are taken as optimization variables. The minimum noise and maximum power delivery at each operation frequency of the chosen high technology transistor are considered as the feasible design target provided that the stability of the transistor is ensured. This feasible design target is expressed simply by a single objective function in terms of the port impedances of the input and output matching circuits together with the realization conditions of the CRLH TLs. Thus, human efforts for the design optimization process are reduced as much as possible. A novel metaheuristic algorithm ‘modified cuckoo search’ is used as a fast and accurate tool to find out ‘the global optimum’ within the feasible design variable space in the design procedure. In the study case, BPF640 is chosen as a high performance low‐noise microwave transistor. The design optimization results in a low‐noise amplifier using a single CRLH TL cell input and output matching circuits provided that a good agreement is obtained with the targetted performance and verified by Applied Wave Research, Inc. (AWR) simulation software. Thus, it can be concluded that CRLH TLs enable a designer to design high‐performance miniaturized low‐noise amplifiers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy's role in the extraversion (dis)advantage: How energy ties and task conflict help clarify the relationship between extraversion and proactive performance
Authors: Cullen‐Lester Kristin L. , Leroy Hannes , Gerbasi Alexandra , Nishii Lisa 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWhile academic and practitioner literatures have proposed that extraverts are at an advantage in team‐based work, it remains unclear exactly what that advantage might be, how extraverts attain such an advantage, and under which conditions. Theory highlighting the importance of energy in the coordination of team efforts helps to answer these questions. We propose that extraverted individuals are able to develop more energizing relationships with their teammates and as a result are seen as proactively contributing to their team. However, problems in coordination (i.e., team task conflict) can reverse this extraversion advantage. We studied 27 project‐based teams at their formation, peak performance, and after disbandment. Results suggest that when team task conflict is low, extraverts energize their teammates and are viewed by others as proactively contributing to the team. However, when team task conflict is high, extraverts develop energizing relationships with fewer of their teammates and are not viewed as proactively contributing to the team. Our findings regarding energizing relationships and team task conflict clarify why extraversion is related to proactive performance and in what way, how, and when extraverts may be at a (dis)advantage in team‐based work. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Femoral epiphyseal cartilage matrix changes at predilection sites of equine osteochondrosis: Quantitative MRI, second‐harmonic microscopy, and histological findings
Authors: Martel Gabrielle , Couture Charles‐André , Gilbert Guillaume , Bancelin Stéphane , Richard Hélène , Moser Thomas , Kiss Sabrina , Légaré François , Laverty Sheila 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTOsteochondrosis is an ischemic chondronecrosis of epiphyseal growth cartilage that results in focal failure of endochondral ossification and osteochondritis dissecans at specific sites in the epiphyses of humans and animals, including horses. The upstream events leading to the focal ischemia remain unknown. The epiphyseal growth cartilage matrix is composed of proteoglycan and collagen macromolecules and encases its vascular tree in canals. The matrix undergoes major dynamic changes in early life that could weaken it biomechanically and predispose it to focal trauma and vascular failure. Subregions in neonatal foal femoral epiphyses (n = 10 osteochondrosis predisposed; n = 6 control) were assessed for proteoglycan and collagen structure/content employing 3T quantitative MRI (3T qMRI: T1ρ and T2 maps). Site‐matched validations were made with histology, immunohistochemistry, and second‐harmonic microscopy. Growth cartilage T1ρ and T2 relaxation times were significantly increased (p < 0.002) within the proximal third of the trochlea, a site predisposed to osteochondrosis, when compared with other regions. However, this was observed in both control and osteochondrosis predisposed specimens. Microscopic evaluation of this region revealed an expansive area with low proteoglycan content and a hypertrophic‐like appearance on second‐harmonic microscopy. We speculate that this matrix structure and composition, though physiological, may weaken the epiphyseal growth cartilage biomechanically in focal regions and could enhance the risk of vascular failure with trauma leading to osteochondrosis. However, additional investigations are now required to confirm this. 3T qMRI will be useful for future non‐invasive longitudinal studies to track the osteochondrosis disease trajectory in animals and humans. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1743–1752, 2016.
Consumption of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB‐12 impacts upper respiratory tract infection and the function of NK and T cells in healthy adults
Authors: Meng Huicui , Lee Yujin , Ba Zhaoyong , Peng Jiayu , Lin Junli , Boyer Alexander S. , Fleming Jennifer A. , Furumoto Emily J. , Roberts Robert F. , Kris‐Etherton Penny M. , Rogers Connie J. 
Published: January 2016

ScopeProbiotics can modulate immunity and reduce upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in humans; however few studies have examined both outcomes in the same trial. The goal of the current study was to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB‐12, on natural killer (NK) and T‐cell function in conjunction with self‐reported cold/flu outcomes in healthy adults.Methods and resultsIn a randomized, partially blinded, four‐period crossover study, healthy adults (n = 30) were recruited, and received four treatments for 4 weeks in a random order: (i) yogurt smoothies alone (YS); smoothies with BB‐12 added (ii) before (PRE) or (iii) after (POST) yogurt fermentation, or (iv) BB‐12 capsule (CAP). NK‐ and T‐cell function was assessed at baseline and after each treatment. Incidence and severity of cold/flu infection was quantified using self‐reported URTI questionnaires. Participants on YS, PRE, or CAP treatments had elevated IL‐2 secretion and NK‐cell cytotoxicity, concurrently with fewer days with URTI. However, the POST treatment did not change immune outcomes or the severity of URTI.ConclusionThe timing of BB‐12 addition to yogurt smoothies in relation to the fermentation process influenced the impact of BB‐12 on immune function and cold/flu severity in young healthy adults.
Bandwidth enhancement of rectangular dielectric resonator antenna using circular slot coupled technique
Authors: Sukur M. I. A. , Rahim M. K. A. , Murad N. A. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis article presents a technique to enhance the bandwidth of a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna using a circular slot. The structures are designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio software, and it is found that the circular slot exhibits a bandwidth of 36.44% (0.92–1.33 GHz). The circular slot is compared with the rectangular slot. It is shown that the rectangular slot produces a bandwidth of 6.39% (1.06–1.13 GHz). Both structures exhibit similar radiation patterns with slightly different gains at 3.10 and 3.25 dBi. The bandwidth is enhanced more than five times using the circular slot, compared to the rectangular slot. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:506–509, 2016
AKa‐band VCO with low phase noise and wide tuning range using a 90‐nm dual‐gate device
Authors: Chou Min‐Li , Chiu Hsien‐Chin , Huang Fan‐Hsiu 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe design and characterization of a Ka‐band 90‐nm CMOS voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) with low phase noise and a wide tuning range is presented in this latter. In this work, the flicker noise (1/f) performance of single‐ and dual‐gate devices is measured and compared. By using the proposed dual‐gate device, the VCO design can improve the oscillator phase‐noise performance owing to its high output resistance. The measurement results also show a wide frequency tuning range of 3.1 GHz and a low phase noise of below −95 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 1 MHz, under a supply voltage of 1.2 V, and a current consumption of 11.0 mA. The proposed VCO exhibits a figure‐of‐merit of −180 dBc/Hz. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:502–505, 2016
A compact fractal UWB antenna with reconfigurable band notch functions
Authors: Tripathi Shrivishal , Mohan Akhilesh , Yadav Sandeep 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a compact reconfigurable single/dual notch band ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with triple notch band characteristics is presented for portable UWB applications. The desired compactness and wideband is achieved using fractals in antenna design. It has the compact dimensions of 24.5 mm × 20 mm. The single/dual notch band reconfigurability is demonstrated in WiMAX band as well as in X‐band using two p‐i‐n diodes for efficient utilization of UWB bands in case of no interference scenarios. The band rejections are obtained by introducing two C‐shaped slots in the fractal monopole, whereas band rejection in WLAN band is achieved by placing two C‐shaped single split ring resonator on either sides of feed line. In addition, the time‐domain characteristic of antenna is also evaluated in terms of fidelity factor, which is more than 0.71. These results illustrates that the presented antenna is appropriate candidate for portable UWB applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:509–514, 2016
Compact EBG ground plane microstrip antenna for broad bandwidth applications
Authors: Aravind V. S. , Gupta Shilpi , Shukla Satya Bhushan , Mukundan K. K. , Aswathi C. K. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, a novel microstrip antenna with EBG ground plane is proposed for broad bandwidth applications. A 27 mm × 27 mm patch is designed and a slot of 20 mm × 20 mm is made on it. Slots improve the bandwidth at the cost of introduction of side lobes in the radiation pattern. To absorb these side lobes and to enhance the gain, EBG mushroom structures were introduced. The whole structure when simulated provides a gain of 4.1 dBi and an impedance bandwidth of 721 MHz around 4.8 GHz and 1,200 MHz around 7.6 GHz. Measured results shows good agreement with the simulated results and thus validates this design. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:555–557, 2016
Compact tri‐band bandpass filter with controllable frequencies
Authors: Xu Jin‐Xu , Gao Li , Xiang Jun , Xue Quan 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present a compact tri‐band bandpass filter (BPF). The resonator, which consists of a main transmission line, a center‐loaded open stub and a side‐loaded open stub, is utilized to obtain the three resonance frequencies. After selecting the impedance of each stub at this resonator, the passband frequencies can be controlled individually. Four transmission zeros are generated to enhance the selectivity. For demonstration, a compact tri‐band BPF is implemented. Good agreement between the measured and simulated results is presented to verify the theoretical predication. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:573–577, 2016
A 60 GHz CMOS up‐conversion double‐balanced mixer with wide if bandwidth
Authors: Chou Min‐Li , Chiu Hsien‐Chin , Kao Hsuan‐Ling , Huang Fan‐Hsiu 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTA 60 GHz fully integrated double‐balanced up‐conversion mixer with wide IF bandwidth performance has been designed and fabricated using 90‐nm CMOS technology. In order to feed the single‐ended IF signal and to reduce the total power consumption, the active balun with an RC‐feedback architecture was designed in the Gilbert‐cell mixer. From dc to 10 GHz, a phase difference of 5° and a magnitude difference of 1 dB were obtained simultaneously in the proposed RC‐feedback active balun. Series inductive‐peaking techniques were also adopted to improve the IF bandwidth from DC to 3.8 GHz. The chip area of the mixer is 0.75 mm2. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:546–549, 2016
Compact integrated bluetooth UWB bandnotch antenna for personal wireless communication
Authors: Labade Rekha , Deosarkar Shankar , Pisharoty Narayan , Malhotra Akshay 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a compact microstrip fed octagonal ring dual band antenna for integrated Bluetooth (2.4∼2.484 GHz) and ultra‐wideband (UWB; 3.1∼10.6 GHz) applications withband notch characteristics for wireless local area network (WLAN; 5.15∼5.825 GHz) is proposed and investigated. The entire UWB frequency band is achieved by using an octagonal ring patch and a modified ground plane. The dual band operation is achieved by integrating Bluetooth characteristicsby embedding a quarter wavelength resonating strip at the center of the octagonal ring radiating patch. Further, to avoid the potential interferences of the UWB system with the existing narrow band system such as WLAN in the proposed antenna,an inverted U‐shaped slot in the feed line has been etched to obtain the desired band notch characteristics. The proposed antenna is designed, fabricated on a FR4 glass epoxy substrate and tested. The proposed antenna yields a measured impedance bandwidth over the frequency range of 2.40 ∼ 2.5 GHz and 3.1 ∼ 13 GHz to exhibit the integrated Bluetooth and UWB characteristics respectively for VSWR < 2 with an excellent rejection band of 5.15 ∼ 5.90 GHz to prevent interferences of WLAN signals. The proposed antenna exhibits directional and omnidirectional radiation pattern in E and H‐plane with stable gain and good time domain characteristics at all desired frequency bands. The compact dimension of 38 × 30 mm2 of the proposed antenna makes it a suitable candidate for personal wireless communication application. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:540–546, 2016
A circularly polarized square microstrip parasitic antenna with an improved bandwidth
Authors: Nour Amro A. , Fezai Faycel , Thevenot Marc , Arnaud Eric , Monediere Thierry 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a novel design for an optimized circularly polarized microstrip antenna. Circular polarized microstrip antennas have many uses due to its low profile design. However, one of the microstrip antenna's main limitations arises from its narrow frequency bandwidth. Therefore, it is necessary to use special design techniques in order to increase the operating frequency bandwidth while maintaining all of the other respectable optimum radiation characteristics. The proposed design involves using a dual‐feed square patch, which is gap coupled with two parasitic patches in a mirrored L‐shaped configuration. This design resulted in an axial ratio bandwidth of 11%, S11 bandwidth of 14% and a gain of 9 dB at the 2.15 GHz center frequency. The proposed design was built, and the measured results were in agreement with the simulation results. Additionally, this antenna design was used in an array structure in order to increase the gain, while maintaining a good axial ratio. These enhanced radiation results allow the use of the proposed antenna design in many domains such as wireless and military applications without facing the limitations of the narrow frequency bandwidth. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:597–603, 2016
Modeling stepped U‐slot DGS microstrip line
Authors: Woo Duk‐Jae , Lee Taek‐Kyung , Nam Sangwook 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an equivalent circuit model for a stepped U‐slot defected ground structure (DGS). For a stepped U‐slot DGS, the defected structure is simply modeled using a short‐circuited stepped impedance coplanar waveguide (CPW) combined with a gap capacitor. The proposed circuit model is advantageous in its ability to accurately control the ratio (η = fs1/fr) of the fundamental resonance frequency (fr) to first spurious resonance frequency (fs1) by changing the impedance and the electrical length of the CPW in each step. By using this property, two types of resonators with normalized first spurious resonance frequencies (η = fs1/fr) of 4 and 2 were designed and fabricated. Good agreement between the EM simulations and the experimental results were achieved. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:583–587, 2016
Compact quad‐band cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna with complementary C‐shaped defected ground structure
Authors: Sharma Anand , Gangwar Ravi Kumar 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT:In this article, compact quad‐band cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) with complementary C‐shaped defected ground structure (DGS) is examined. The proposed antenna design is excited by annular shape microstrip line. Annular shape microstrip line, at center position and shifted from center position, are used to generate HE12δ and HE11δ mode in CDRA at 12.1 GHz and 11.6 GHz, respectively. Complementary C‐shaped DGS is used to make proposed antenna design compact (approximately half the resonant frequency of CDRA mode). Archetype of antenna structure has been fabricated and experimentally tested. The proposed antenna operates in four frequency bands 3.21–3.63 GHz; 4.83–6.78 GHz; 7.25–7.77 GHz, and 11.76–12.45 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 14.36%, 23.14%, 3.68%, and 1.88%, respectively. The proposed antenna design is applicable for WLAN (5.2/5.8 GHz) and WiMAX (3.5/5.5 GHz) bands. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:611–615, 2016
An improved NRW method to extract electromagnetic parameters of metamaterials
Authors: Shi Yan , Hao Tong , Li Long , Liang Chang‐Hong 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, an improved Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) method has been developed to accurately retrieve electromagnetic parameters of metamaterials. By solving roots of higher degree for transmission term and applying first‐order approximation of Taylor's series to the resultant term, the accuracy of the proposed NRW method can be greatly improved. Combined with Kramers–Kronig (K‐K) relationship, the developed method can correctly solve the branch of the refractive index caused by complex exponential function and thus the proposed method is free from the limitation of the electric thickness of the measured materials. Numerical results including a single slab of fishnet structure and three slabs of wires and split‐ring resonators are given to show accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:647–652, 2016