bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secular Fashion, Religious Dress, and Modest Ambiguity: The Visual Ethics of Indonesian Fashion‐Veiling
Authors: Bucar Elizabeth M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis essay offers resources for the development of visual ethics by exploring Islamic fashion‐veiling in one context: contemporary Indonesia. After providing a methodological framework and historical background for the case study, the moral discourse of two aesthetic authorities is discussed via a fashion blogger and print advice literature. The essay identifies (1) how the practice of fashion‐veiling generates norms, (2) what is defined as morally valuable in this practice and why, and (3) how this practice both offers opportunities for the critique and the reinforcement of gendered norms.
In What Sense Christian?: The Humane Economic Ethic of Wilhelm Röpke
Authors: McDaniel Charles 
Published: February 2016

AbstractChristian social thinkers who strongly support the free‐market system often have drawn connections between the social values of their faith and the ideas of Austrian economist Friedrich Hayek. Hayek's comments on religion, however, seem to predict its demise for the sake of progress, whereas his colleague Wilhelm Röpke posits “transcendent” religion and established moral traditions as essential to a humane economy. This essay contends that what Röpke described as “enmassment” has similarities to the present “financialization” of society, which involves the rising influence of financial values in all institutions, exaggerated emphasis on quantitative performance measures, and reliance on technical processes in lieu of human relationships. Röpke's “Christian humanist” philosophy advances the kind of ethical entrepreneurialism needed to morally sustain a global society experiencing enmassment and financialization simultaneously.
IS CRIME BAD FOR BUSINESS? CRIME AND COMMERCIAL PROPERTY VALUES IN NEW YORK CITY
Authors: Lens Michael C. , Meltzer Rachel 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTTo test how crime affects economic activity, we use point‐specific data on crime, commercial property sales and assessed values from New York City, relying on an instrumental variables strategy. We find that crime reduces commercial property values, and the magnitude of the effect depends on the type and geography of crime. Elasticities range from −0.1 to −0.5. We find stronger evidence for negative violent crime effects in neighborhoods with lower incomes and higher shares of minority residents. Thus, disadvantaged neighborhoods are doubly harmed by crime—they have higher crime rates and those crimes have stronger effects on economic activity.
Different regulation of P-glycoprotein function between Caco-2 and Caki-1 cells by ezrin, radixin and moesin proteins
Authors: Yano Kentaro , Otsuka Kyoma , Kato Yuko , Kawabata Hideaki , Ohmori Shinya , Arakawa Hiroshi , Ogihara Takuo 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Objectives
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediates efflux of many xenobiotics, including therapeutic drugs, from normal and tumour tissues, and its functional localization on the plasma membrane of cells is regulated by scaffold proteins, such as ezrin, radixin and moesin (ERM proteins). We previously reported that radixin is involved in post-translational regulation of P-gp in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and mouse small intestine, but not in mouse kidney.

Methods
Here, we investigated whether the role of ERM proteins in regulation of P-gp transport activity in cancers is the same as that in the corresponding normal tissues, using human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and renal carcinoma (Caki-1) cells.

Key findings
In Caco-2 cells, radixin silencing alone reduced the P-gp-mediated intracellular accumulation of rhodamine123 (Rho123), while the mRNA level of P-gp was unchanged. Thus, it appears that only radixin among the ERMs regulates P-gp activity in Caco-2 cells. On the other hand, none of the ERM proteins influenced P-gp activity in Caki-1 cells.

Conclusions
The regulation of P-gp by ERM proteins is different between Caco-2 and Caki-1 cells. Moreover, these regulatory properties are the same as those of the corresponding normal tissues, and suggest that tissue-specific differences in the regulation of P-gp by ERM proteins are retained in cancerous tissues.
The RelA/cRel nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) dimer, crucial for inflammation resolution, mediates the transcription of the key enzyme in melatonin synthesis in RAW 264.7 macrophages
Authors: Muxel Sandra Marcia , Laranjeira‐Silva Maria Fernanda , Carvalho‐Sousa Claudia Emanuelle , Floeter‐Winter Lucile Maria , Markus Regina P 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) modulates the transcription of the gene that codifies the enzyme arylalkylamine‐N‐acetyltransferase (AA‐NAT) through nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor‐κ‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB). AA‐NAT converts serotonin to N‐acetylserotonin, the ultimate precursor of melatonin. Activation of kappa B elements (aa‐nat‐κB), localized in the promoter (nat‐κB1 and nat‐κB2), leads to Aa‐nat transcription in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Competitive electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with oligonucleotide probes corresponding to each of the two elements, as well as a NF‐κB consensus corresponding probe, revealed different specificities for each κB element. In addition, activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) as well as signal transducers and activator of transcription‐1 and 3 (STAT‐1; STAT‐3) competed with NF‐κB for binding to nat‐κB1, while only STAT‐3 competed with NF‐κB for binding to nat‐κB2. According to co‐immunoprecipitation (ChiP) assays, these two sites are able to distinguish NF‐κB subunits. The sequence nat‐κB1 bound dimers containing p52, RelA, and cRel, while nat‐κB2 bound preferentially p50, p52, and RelA, and did not bind cRel. The expression of RelA and cRel is essential for the induction of Aa‐nat expression and melatonin synthesis. Considering that the expression of cRel is induced by the earlier expressed p50/RelA, the differential effects of NF‐κB dimers may be intimately associated with the temporal regulation of inflammatory responses, with the resolution phase being associated with paracrine and autocrine melatonin effects. Such data suggest that the proven effects of exogenous melatonin in the resolution phase of inflammation are paralleled by the effects of locally synthesized melatonin in immune cells.
Melatonin alleviates acute lung injury through inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Zhang Yong , Li Xiru , Grailer Jamison J. , Wang Na , Wang Mingming , Yao Jianfei , Zhong Rui , Gao George F. , Ward Peter A. , Tan Dun‐Xian , Li Xiangdong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are clinically severe respiratory disorders, and there are currently no Food and Drug Administration–approved drug therapies. Melatonin is a well‐known anti‐inflammatory molecule, which has proven to be effective in ALI induced by many conditions. Emerging studies suggest that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role during ALI. How melatonin directly blocks activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in ALI remains unclear. In this study, using an LPS‐induced ALI mouse model, we found intratracheal (i.t.) administration of melatonin markedly reduced the pulmonary injury and decreased the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into lung. During ALI, the NLRP3 inflammasome is significantly activated with a large amount of IL‐1β and the activated caspase‐1 occurring in the lung. Melatonin inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by both suppressing the release of extracellular histones and directly blocking histone‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Notably, i.t. route of melatonin administration opens a more efficient therapeutic approach for treating ALI.
Culex pipiens and Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus) populations as vectors for lineage 1 and 2 West Nile virus in Europe
Authors: BRUSTOLIN M. , TALAVERA S. , SANTAMARÍA C. , RIVAS R. , PUJOL N. , ARANDA C. , MARQUÈS E. , VALLE M. , VERDÚN M. , PAGÈS N. , BUSQUETS N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe emerging disease West Nile fever is caused by West Nile virus (WNV), one of the most widespread arboviruses. This study represents the first test of the vectorial competence of European Culex pipiens Linnaeus 1758 and Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus) (both: Diptera: Culicidae) populations for lineage 1 and 2 WNV isolated in Europe. Culex pipiens and S. albopicta populations were susceptible to WNV infection, had disseminated infection, and were capable of transmitting both WNV lineages. This is the first WNV competence assay to maintain mosquito specimens under environmental conditions mimicking the field (day/night) conditions associated with the period of maximum expected WNV activity. The importance of environmental conditions is discussed and the issue of how previous experiments conducted in fixed high temperatures may have overestimated WNV vector competence results with respect to natural environmental conditions is analysed. The information presented should be useful to policymakers and public health authorities for establishing effective WNV surveillance and vector control programmes. This would improve preparedness to prevent future outbreaks.
Arterial stiffness evaluated by carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity increases the risk of chronic kidney disease in a Chinese population‐based cohort
Authors: Kong Xianglei , Ma Xiaojing , Tang Lijun , Wang Zunsong , Li Wenbin , Cui Meiyu , Xu Dongmei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimChronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although pulse wave velocity (PWV), which reflects arterial stiffness, was increased in subjects with CKD, little is known regarding whether arterial stiffness can increase the risk of CKD. To help clarify this we conducted a prospective cohort study to measure the association of arterial stiffness with CKD.MethodsA total of 7154 adults aged 54.8 ± 10.6 years undergoing physical examinations without CKD at baseline were enrolled. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). CKD was defined as decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) or presence of proteinuria (urine protein ≥ 1+) assessed using a repeated dipstick method.ResultsDuring 3 years of follow‐up, 167 (2.3%) patients developed CKD, 101 (1.4%) patients with proteinuria and 68 (1.0%) patients with decreased eGFR. After adjusted for potential confounders, either cfPWV (per 1 m/s increase) or the highest quartile of cfPWV (increased cfPWV) was independently associated with increased risk of proteinuria, with a fully adjusted OR of 1.15 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.23) and 1.93 (95% CI, 1.15 to 3.25), respectively. By contrast, neither cfPWV (per 1 m/s increase) nor increased cfPWV was associated with decreased eGFR in the multivariable logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsThe study revealed that arterial stiffness increases the risk of proteinuria. This suggests that vascular stiffness could be considered as a target for delaying the development of CKD.
Mucosal serotonin overflow is associated with colonic stretch rather than phasic contractions
Authors: Patel B. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundMany studies have shown that mucosal serotonin (5‐HT) is associated with motility, however, recently there have been some questions to the precise role of this transmitter. The majority of studies have focused on understanding the role of mucosal 5‐HT on colonic migratory motor complexes, but very few studies have been carried out to understand how 5‐HT release may be associated with other motility patterns.MethodsUsing distal colon segments from C57BL/6J mice, mucosal 5‐HT overflow was monitored using amperometry while applying tension in longitudinal or circular directions to stretch the tissue.Key ResultsPhasic and basal 5‐HT levels were not associated with the strength of phasic contractions, while being altered using scopolamine and L‐NNA. There was a significant increase in mucosal 5‐HT with longitudinal and circular muscle stretch. A greater applied force was needed to activate 5‐HT release in the circular muscle. In the longitudinal muscle, 5‐HT levels increased with stretch until 3 mN, after which the levels returned back to baseline. This stretch‐evoked 5‐HT overflow was inhibited by transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) agonist, 30 μM ruthenium red in both circular and longitudinal muscle preparations. The decreased 5‐HT overflow after 3 mN of tension was reversed using a 5‐HT4 antagonist 100 nM GR113808.Conclusions & InferencesOur findings show a relationship between colonic stretch and mucosal 5‐HT overflow, while no relationship is observed with phasic colonic contractions. Such findings provide more insight into the role of mucosal 5‐HT in influencing the pattern of colonic motility to diversify fecal propulsion.
Subclinical cardiovascular changes in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Al Nasser Yasser , Moura Marta C. , Mertens Luc , McCrindle Brian W. , Parekh Rulan S. , Ng Vicky L. , Church Peter C. , Mouzaki Marialena 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCV disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality following solid organ transplantation in adults. While the prevalence of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors is increased in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients, it is not clear whether they have subclinical CV changes. cIMT, central pWV, and CAC are indicative of subclinical CV disease, and, in adults, predict future CV events. The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to investigate the prevalence of subclinical CV changes, as measured by cIMT, pWV, and CAC among pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. We searched MEDLINE® and EMBASE and conducted meta‐analysis for studies that evaluated cIMT, central pWV, and CAC among pediatric solid organ transplant recipients (kidney, lung, intestine and liver). The search identified nine eligible studies that included a total of 259 patients and 685 healthy controls. Eight studies reported on kidney transplant recipients and one study on a combined cohort of kidney and liver transplant recipients. The mean cIMT of transplant recipients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (mean difference = 0.05 mm, 95% CI 0.02–0.07; p < 0.0001) with an estimated pooled prevalence of elevated cIMT of 56.0% (95% CI 17.0–95.0). The one study that assessed pWV showed increased vascular stiffness in transplant recipients compared to healthy controls. No studies assessing for CAC were found. There were limited data regarding subclinical CV disease following pediatric solid organ transplantation. In conclusion, kidney transplantation in childhood is associated with a higher prevalence of subclinical CV changes compared to healthy children. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether children have increased CV morbidity and mortality after transplantation.
Analyses of regulatory CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells and observations from peripheral T cell subpopulation markers during the development of type 1 diabetes in children
Authors: Hamari S. , Kirveskoski T. , Glumoff V. , Kulmala P. , Simell O. , Knip M. , Veijola R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOur aim was to study whether the aberrant amount or function of regulatory T cells is related to the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children. We also set out to investigate the balance of different T cell subtype markers during the T1D autoimmune process. Treg cells were quantified with flow cytometric assay, and the suppression capacity was analysed with a carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)‐based T cell suppression assay in children in various phases of T1D disease process and in healthy autoantibody‐negative control children. The mRNA expression of different T cell subpopulation markers was analysed with real‐time qPCR method. The proportion and suppression capacity of regulatory T cells were similar in seroconverted children at an early stage of beta cell autoimmunity and also in children with T1D when compared to healthy and autoantibody‐negative children. Significant differences were observed in the mRNA expression of different T cell subpopulation markers in prediabetic children with multiple (≥2) autoantibodies and in children with newly diagnosed T1D when compared to the control children. In conclusion, there were no quantitative or functional differences in regulatory T cells between the case and control groups in any phase of the autoimmune process. Decreased mRNA expression levels of T cell subtype markers were observed in children with multiple islet autoantibodies and in those with newly diagnosed T1D, probably reflecting an exhaustion of the immune system after the strong immune activation during the autoimmune process or a generally aberrant immune response related to the progression of the disease.
Effects of submaximal and supramaximal interval training on determinants of endurance performance in endurance athletes
Authors: Paquette M. , Le Blanc O. , Lucas S. J. E. , Thibault G. , Bailey D. M. , Brassard P. 
Published: February 2016

We compared the effects of submaximal and supramaximal cycling interval training on determinants of exercise performance in moderately endurance‐trained men. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), peak power output (Ppeak), and peak and mean anaerobic power were measured before and after 6 weeks (3 sessions/week) of submaximal (85% maximal aerobic power [MP], HIIT85, n = 8) or supramaximal (115% MP, HIIT115, n = 9) interval training to exhaustion in moderately endurance‐trained men. High‐intensity training volume was 47% lower in HIIT115 vs HIIT85 (304 ± 77 vs 571 ± 200 min; P < 0.01). Exercise training was generally associated with increased VO2max (HIIT85: +3.3 ± 3.1 mL/kg/min; HIIT115: +3.3 ± 3.6 ml/kg/min; Time effect P = 0.002; Group effect: P = 0.95), Ppeak (HIIT85: +18 ± 9 W; HIIT115: +16 ± 27 W; Time effect P = 0.045; Group effect: P = 0.49), and mean anaerobic power (HIIT85: +0.42 ± 0.69 W/kg; HIIT115: +0.55 ± 0.65 W/kg; Time effect P = 0.01; Group effect: P = 0.18). Six weeks of submaximal and supramaximal interval training performed to exhaustion seems to equally improve VO2max and anaerobic power in endurance‐trained men, despite half the accumulated time spent at the target intensity.
Spatial analysis of long‐term effects of different tillage practices based on penetration resistance
Authors: Kuhwald M. , Blaschek M. , Minkler R. , Nazemtseva Y. , Schwanebeck M. , Winter J. , Duttmann R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMeasuring penetration resistance (PR) is a common technique for evaluating the effects of field management on soils. This study focuses on the effects of long‐term tillage on the spatial distribution of PR, comparing reduced and conventional tillage (CT) practices. The study site, located in Lower Saxony (Germany), has been subdivided into three plots, with one plot having been managed conventionally, whereas reduced tillage (RT) practices have been applied to the other two. In total, PR was measured at 63 randomly selected points. The PR data were stepwise interpolated using kriging with external drift. Core samples have been taken at 20 additional sites. The results show significant differences in PR between the different tillage practices. Within the conventionally managed plot, PR ranges to 2.3 MPa less in the topsoil than under RT. However, measured saturated hydraulic conductivity and amount of biopores at the depth of 30–35 cm are significantly greater under RT, indicating improved soil properties under RT. Comparisons between the headlands (HL) and the inner field point out the effects of intense field traffic in the HL, where maximum PR values of about 6 MPa have been measured. The spatial prediction of PR values show that long‐term effects of different tillage practices result in clearly structured patterns between CT and RT and the HL. Combining extensive PR measurements and point measurements of additional soil properties supports an adequate interpretation of PR data and can lead to fieldwide derivation of soil functions influenced by field management.
EXTENDING THE GLOBAL ACADEMIC TABLE: AN INTRODUCTION
Authors: Hastings Thomas John 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBefore commenting on the papers from a recent interdisciplinary gathering of scholars from China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, a case is made for regional academia conversations today, because international conferences, especially in the humanities and social sciences, are still dominated by “Western” traditions, discourse, and protocols. After touching on the relative stability or variability of phenomena and procedures in the natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences, political and cultural questions are considered along with some of the ongoing consequences of the East Asian adoption of the European model of the modern research university.
JUMPING TOGETHER: A WAY FROM SOCIOBIOLOGY TO BIO‐SOCIO‐HUMANITIES
Authors: Shin Ik Kang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSociobiology is a grand narrative of evolutionary biology on which to build unified knowledge. Consilience is a metaphorical representation of that narrative. I take up the same metaphor but apply it differently. I evoke the image of jumping together, not on solid ground but on the strong, flexible canvas sheet of a trampoline, on which natural sciences, social sciences, and the humanities jump together. This image overlaps with the traditional East Asian way of understanding—that is, the “Heaven‐Earth‐Person Triad.” Using recent insights from cognitive science—metaphor, embodiment, and conceptual blending—I propose the alternative way of “bio‐socio‐humanities” to understand and experience the world.
Mechanisms of microglial activation in models of inflammation and hypoxia: Implications for chronic intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Kiernan Elizabeth A. , Smith Stephanie M. C. , Mitchell Gordon S. , Watters Jyoti J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractChronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a hallmark of sleep apnoea, a condition associated with diverse clinical disorders. CIH and sleep apnoea are characterized by increased reactive oxygen species formation, peripheral and CNS inflammation, neuronal death and neurocognitive deficits. Few studies have examined the role of microglia, the resident CNS immune cells, in models of CIH. Thus, little is known concerning their direct contributions to neuropathology or the cellular mechanisms regulating their activities during or following pathological CIH. In this review, we identify gaps in knowledge regarding CIH‐induced microglial activation, and propose mechanisms based on data from related models of hypoxia and/or hypoxia–reoxygenation. CIH may directly affect microglia, or may have indirect effects via the periphery or other CNS cells. Peripheral inflammation may indirectly activate microglia via entry of pro‐inflammatory molecules into the CNS, and/or activation of vagal afferents that trigger CNS inflammation. CIH‐induced release of damage‐associated molecular patterns from injured CNS cells may also activate microglia via interactions with pattern recognition receptors expressed on microglia. For example, Toll‐like receptors activate mitogen‐activated protein kinase/transcription factor pathways required for microglial inflammatory gene expression. Although epigenetic effects from CIH have not yet been studied in microglia, potential epigenetic mechanisms in microglial regulation are discussed, including microRNAs, histone modifications and DNA methylation. Epigenetic effects can occur during CIH, or long after it has ended. A better understanding of CIH effects on microglial activities may be important to reverse CIH‐induced neuropathology in patients with sleep disordered breathing.
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