bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation and Growth Performance of Different Introduced Bamboo Species in Central Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Nigusse Redae , Tesfay Awash , Kahsay Tekleslase 
Published: September 2024

Bamboo is a giant bushy grass and typically a faster growing perennial than any other tree species and it starts to give utility within three or four years of planting time, except bearing seeds. The study was conducted on four bamboo species (Bambussa bambos, Phyllostachus edulis, Yushania alpina, and Bambussa vulgaris) to evaluate their adaptability potential and growth performance at Laelay Maichew district, central zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. The design of the experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The distance between the experimental plots and blocks was 2 m and 3 m, respectively, and the spacing between bamboo seedlings in the plot was 2 m x 2 m, with 4 bamboo seedlings per plot. A total of 48 bamboo seedlings were planted in the experimental site. The growth parameters; including survival rate, new emerging shoot, internode length, number of nodes, culm height, culm diameter, and root culm diameter were measured and recorded. The collected data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) between treatments following the post hock test of Tukey at P<0.05 using SPSS for Windows version 20. The results revealed that Bambussa bambos has a better survival percentage (100%), followed by Bambussa vulgaris (58.3%), Yushania alpina (41.67%), and Phyllostachus edulis (0 %). The growth parameters: new emerging shoot (culm), collar diameter, diameter at stump height, and diameter at breast height of Bambussa bambos were significantly higher than those of Yushania alpina and Bambussa vulgaris (P=.001). However, for similar parameters, Yushania alpina showed non-significant variation with Bambussa vulgaris (at P>0.05). The mean heights between treatments (Bambussa bambos (5.1 m), Yushania alpine (4.5 m), and Bambussa vulgaris (4.2 m)) were observed statistically non-significantly different (at P=.26).The other growth parameters were: the mean value of total internode length(TIL) and middle internode length (MIL) of Bambussa bambos was significantly higher than that of Bambussa vulgaris (at P<0.05). The study revealed that, among the four bamboo species, Bambussa bambos showed higher growth performance and adaptability potential, followed by Yushania alpina and Bambussa vulgaris. As a result, the best-performing introduced bamboo species (Bambussa bambos) could be promoted to end users in related agro-ecological areas for various benefits. Further studies should be recommended on the adaptability of the introduced bamboo species in other agro-ecologies.
Improvement of P2O5 Content in Tahoua Rock Phosphate Using Synthetic Diammonium Phosphate
Authors: Awali Abdoul Bari Idi , Bachir Mijitaba Sahirou , Abdou-Rahimou Koraou Nomaou , Salam Manzola Abdou 
Published: September 2024

The rock phosphate Tahoua (TNP) is a nodular sedimentary phosphate, the vast majority of which is fluoroapatite, with an average P2O5 content of around 30%. But it has a range of impurities that prevent its solubility. However, this rock can be used by certain unconventional techniques to prepare a better-quality fertilizer to meet plant nutrient requirements. The aim of this study is to prepare improved rock phosphate at three different particle sizes (63, 100 µm, 160 µm) in order to assess its solubility in perchloric acid solution and distilled water. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) was synthesized at a NH3:H3PO4 molar ratio of 2:1. DAP was produced by reacting two moles of ammonia and one mole of phosphoric acid at laboratory room temperature for 30 minutes with stirring. The resulting product was characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectrophotometry. These analyses confirmed no change in the structural properties of DAP. Next, the percentage mixtures of TNP particle sizes with the synthesized DAP were carried out. Finally, a dissolution study was carried out. The results obtained from the dissolution of improved rock phosphate in perchloric acid solution and in water are respectively at 5% (50.55%; 43.85%; 45.33%); at 10% (48.90%; 46.88%; 43.70%); 15% (52.70%; 54.9%; 54.83%); 20% (60.67%; 63.95%; 60.44%) and 5% (18.88%; 26.20%; 26.20%); 10% (26.66%; 27.30%; 34.92%); 15% (43.18%; 45.86%; 59.68%); 20% (56.72%; 57.66%; 60.88%) respectively. The improvement in rock phosphate increased the level of P2O5 dissolved in the solutions. These dissolved P2O5 levels in refined rock phosphate are interesting in water, even at 5%.
Assessment of Elite Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Germplasm for Powdery Mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici) Resistance
Authors: Kushwaha Archana , Deepshikha  , Raghuvanshi Vishwa Vijay , Umriyal Himanshu , Dobhal Aditi , Chauhan Surbhi , Kandpal Kamakshi , Singh Shruti , Jaiswal J. P. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Powdery mildew is a significant fungal disease that poses a serious threat to wheat production worldwide. It reduces grain yield and quality by damaging plant tissues and inhibiting photosynthesis. Early infection can lead to substantial crop losses, making effective management and control strategies critical for maintaining wheat productivity and ensuring food security.
Aim: In the current investigation, an effort was made to confirm the resistance with gene linked markers in the genotypes showing phenotypic resistance to powdery mildew in the field conditions under epiphytotic conditions highlights the importance of finding resistant genotypes since they minimize crop losses, increase food security, use fewer pesticides, are environmentally benign, etc. that happened in 2021–2022.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, between December during 2021-2022.
Methodology: Twenty genotypes VL2041, HPW349, HS507, VL907, HD3349 PBW876B, DBW313, HD2967, HI1628, HI8827(d), MACS5057, PBW874, PBW874, PBW873, WH1270(I), WH1406, PBW868, WH1407, DBW368, along with two control: PBW343(C) and HS562(C) were taken.
Results: Characterized wheat genotypes can contribute to future breeding programs and the development of resistant wheat varieties in a number of ways, including: genetic diversity, drought stress, salinity stress, heat stress, and climate resilience. From the current investigation it can be concluded that four of the thirteen SSR markers that were used, representing 20 genotypes, were amplified in order to verify the resistance in genotypes exhibiting phenotypic resistance to powdery mildew.
Conclusion: Molecular marker characterization revealed that Xgwm312 confirmed the resistance to 9 genotypes (HS562, VL2041, PBW874, DBW313, DBW368, WH1407, HD3349, PBW873, and HD3043). Cfd26 confirmed the resistance in five genotypes (HS562, VL2041, DBW313, HS5079 and HD3043). Xgwm174 confirmed the resistance in seven genotypes HS562, VL2041, WH1406, DBW368, WH1407, HPW349, and PBW873 and the marker Xgwm182 confirmed the resistance in 7 genotypes (HS562, DBW187 (I) (C), WH1406, VL907, HS507, WH1407, HPW349 out of 20 genotypes.
Evaluating the Effect of Seed Priming Treatments on Yield and Quality of Wheat Seed (Triticum aestivum L.) under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Kumar Shravan , Jatav A. L. , Maurya C. L. , Dixit Ravi , Singh Shailendra Pratap , Bhayankar  , Jayant  , Babu Sanjay , Deepu  , Kumar Dhirendra 
Published: September 2024

The present study was conducted on wheat variety “K-1317”and was procured from Student instructional Farm, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur. The experiment was conducted in Rabi 2022-23 and 2023-24. The seeds were used for pre-sowing seed treatments, T0 Control (Un soaking), T1 Soaking with tap water for 12hrs, T2 Soaking with tap water for 24hrs, T3 Soaking with Bacillus Subtilis for 12hrs, T4 Soaking with Bacillus subtilis for 24hrs, T5 Soaking with Azotobacter for 12hrs, T6 Soaking with Azotobacter for 24hrs, T7 Soaking with NaCl @1% for 12hrs, T8 Soaking NaCl @1% for 24hrs, T9 Soaking with ZnSo4 @1% for 12hrs, T10 Soaking with ZnSo4 @1% for 24hrs, T11 Soaking with GA3 @(50ppm) for 12hrs, T12 Soaking with GA3 @(50ppm) for 24hrs & T13 Soaking Auxin (IAA) @(50ppm) for 12hrs & T14 Soaking IAA @(50ppm) for 24hrs. Pre-sowing seed treatment or priming was done by soaking of required quantity of seeds of wheat variety K- 1317 in tap water, biologicals, chemicals, and hormonals’ treatments in concentration for 12hrs and 24hrs in ratio of 1:1 (Kg of seeds/volume of solution) by using wet gunny bags. Then the treated or primed (soaked) seeds were dried in shade to maintain the seed moisture content approximately 12 or 13%. Seed dressing was done on primed and untreated (control) by Thiram (2.5%). Seeds priming was GA3@ (50ppm) for 12hrs on wheat variety K-1317 significantly present results the yield and quality of seed. The best results in found under the treatment T11 Soaking with GA3 @(50ppm) for 12hrs, in productive tillers, number seeds/spike, number of spikelet’s/spikes, spike length, grain yield and harvest index, protein content in 2022-2023. and the at par treatments T10, T12, T13 and T14.
Sibling earthquakes generated within a persistent rupture barrier on the Sunda megathrust under Simeulue Island
Authors: Morgan Paul M. , Feng Lujia , Meltzner Aron J. , Lindsey Eric O. , Tsang Louisa L. H. , Hill Emma M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA section of the Sunda megathrust underneath Simeulue is known to persistently halt rupture propagation of great earthquakes, including those in 2004 (Mw 9.2) and 2005 (Mw 8.6). Yet the same section generated large earthquakes in 2002 (Mw 7.3) and 2008 (Mw 7.4). To date, few studies have investigated the 2002 and 2008 events, and none have satisfactorily located or explained them. Using near‐field InSAR, GPS, and coral geodetic data, we find that the slip distributions of the two events are not identical but do show a close resemblance and largely overlap. We thus consider these earthquakes “siblings” that were generated by an anomalous “parent” feature of the megathrust. We suggest that this parent feature is a locked asperity surrounded by the otherwise partially creeping Simeulue section, perhaps structurally controlled by a broad morphological high on the megathrust.
Initiation of Snowball Earth with volcanic sulfur aerosol emissions
Authors: Macdonald F. A. , Wordsworth R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe propose that the first Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth event, the Sturtian glaciation, was initiated by the injection of sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere. Geochronological data indicate that the Natkusiak magmatic assemblage of the Franklin large igneous province coincided with onset of the Sturtian glaciation. The Natkusiak was emplaced into an evaporite basin and entrained significant quantities of sulfur, which would have led to extensive SO2 and H2S outgassing in hot convective plumes. The largest of these plumes could have penetrated the tropopause, leading to stratospheric sulfate aerosol formation and an albedo increase sufficient to force a Snowball. Radiative forcing was maximized by the equatorial location of the Franklin and the cool Neoproterozoic background climate, which would have lowered the tropopause height, increasing the rate of stratospheric aerosol injection. Our results have implications for understanding Phanerozoic mass extinction events, exoplanet habitability, and aerosol perturbations to the present‐day climate.
The Parent Cyclopentadienyltin Cation, Its Toluene Adduct, and the Quadruple‐Decker [Sn3Cp4]2+
Authors: Schleep Mario , Hettich Clarissa , Velázquez Rojas Jennifer , Kratzert Daniel , Ludwig Thilo , Lieberth Katharina , Krossing Ingo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTruly cationic metallocenes with the parent cyclopentadienyl ligand are so far unknown for the Group 14 elements. Herein we report on an almost “naked” [SnCp]+ cation with the weakly coordinating [Al{OC(CF3)3}4]− and [{(F3C)3CO}3Al−F−Al{OC(CF3)3}3]− anions. [SnCp][Al{OC(CF3)3}4] was used to prepare the first main‐group quadruple‐decker cation [Sn3Cp4]2+ again as the [Al{OC(CF3)3}4]− salt. Additionally, the toluene adduct [CpSn(C7H8)][Al{OC(CF3)3}4] was obtained.
Electrocatalytic Oxidant‐Free Dehydrogenative C−H/S−H Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Wang Pan , Tang Shan , Huang Pengfei , Lei Aiwen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn environmentally friendly electrocatalytic protocol has been developed for dehydrogenative C−H/S−H cross‐coupling. This method enabled C−S bond formation under catalyst‐ and oxidant‐free conditions. Under undivided electrolysis conditions, various aryl/heteroaryl thiols and electron‐rich arenes afforded the C−S bond‐formation products in 24–99 % yield. A preliminary mechanistic study indicated that the generation of aryl radical cation intermediates is key to the success of this transformation.
Photocatalysis with Quantum Dots and Visible Light: Selective and Efficient Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds through a Radical Relay Process in Water
Authors: Zhao Lei‐Min , Meng Qing‐Yuan , Fan Xiang‐Bing , Ye Chen , Li Xu‐Bing , Chen Bin , Ramamurthy Vaidhyanathan , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSelective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes/ketones has been achieved with the help of 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)‐capped CdSe quantum dot (MPA‐CdSe QD) and visible light. Visible‐light‐prompted electron‐transfer reaction initiates the oxidation. The thiyl radical generated from the thiolate anion adsorbed on a CdSe QD plays a key role by abstracting the hydrogen atom from the C−H bond of the alcohol (R1CH(OH)R2). The reaction shows high efficiency, good functional group tolerance, and high site‐selectivity in polyhydroxy compounds. The generality and selectivity reported here offer a new opportunity for further applications of QDs in organic transformations.
Kaolinite induced control of particulate lead and cadmium emissions during fluidized bed waste incineration
Authors: Huang Y. , Wang X. , Liu C. , Wang Y. , Dong L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractKaolinite was utilized as in‐furnace sorbent to control submicron lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) emissions during waste incineration in a fluidized bed furnace. The secondary combustion chamber temperature ranged from 850 to 1000 °C. The metal capture was investigated for aspects of chemical reaction, physical conglutination and control performance of submicron metal emission. Pb reacted with kaolinite and caused conglutination of nanoscale metal particles at a lower temperature than Cd. Emission control of submicron Pb was far more effective than that of submicron Cd, particularly below 950 °C. For both Pb and Cd, there was capture limitation and an increase of kaolinite fraction above 3% could not further reduce the submicron metal emission. According to toxicity factors (5 Pb = 1 Cd) and the leaching fraction of submicron particles, the comprehensive performance of kaolinite was evaluated and numerous contradictory results were obtained. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multiple correspondence analysis of at‐fault motorcycle‐involved crashes in Alabama
Authors: Jalayer Mohammad , Zhou Huaguo 
Published: February 2017

SummaryAccording to the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in 2012, more than 4950 motorcyclists were killed in traffic accidents. Compared to passenger car occupants, mile for mile, motorcyclists are more than 26 times more at risk to dying in crashes. Due to the high fatality rate associated with motorcycle crashes, factors contributing to this type of crash must be identified in order to implement effective safety countermeasures. Given that the available datasets are large and complex, identifying the key factors contributing to crashes is a challenging task. Using multiple correspondence analysis, as an exploratory data analysis technique to determine the dataset structure, we identified the roadway/environmental, motorcycle, and motorcyclist‐related variables influencing at‐fault motorcycle‐involved crashes. This study used the latest available dataset (2009 to 2013) from the Critical Analysis Reporting Environment database to study motorcycle crashes in the state of Alabama. The most significant contributors to the frequency and severity of at‐fault motorcycle‐involved crashes were found to be light conditions, time of day, driver condition, and weather conditions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between age and access to immediate breast reconstruction in women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer
Authors: Jeevan R , Browne J P , Gulliver-Clarke C , Pereira J , Caddy C M , van der Meulen J H P , Cromwell D A 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundNational guidelines state that patients with breast cancer undergoing mastectomy in England should be offered immediate breast reconstruction (IR), unless precluded by their fitness for surgery or the need for adjuvant therapies.MethodsA national study investigated factors that influenced clinicians' decision to offer IR, and collected data on case mix, operative procedures and reconstructive decision-making among women with breast cancer having a mastectomy with or without IR in the English National Health Service between 1 January 2008 and 31 March 2009. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between whether or not women were offered IR and their characteristics (tumour burden, functional status, planned radiotherapy, planned chemotherapy, perioperative fitness, obesity, smoking status and age).ResultsOf 13 225 women, 6458 (48·8 per cent) were offered IR. Among factors the guidelines highlighted as relevant to decision-making, the three most strongly associated with the likelihood of an offer were tumour burden, planned radiotherapy and performance status. Depending on the combination of their values, the probability of an IR offer ranged from 7·4 to 85·1 per cent. A regression model that included all available factors discriminated well between whether or not women were offered IR (c-statistic 0·773), but revealed that increasing age was associated with a fall in the probability of an IR offer beyond that expected from older patients' tumour and co-morbidity characteristics.ConclusionClinicians are broadly following guidance on the offer of IR, except with respect to patients' age.
Managing uncertainty in the clinical prediction of risk of harm: Bringing a Bayesian approach to forensic mental health
Authors: Duggan Conor , Jones Roland 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPredicting the likelihood of harm posed by mentally disordered offenders remains controversial. It is proposed that a Bayesian approach may help quantify the uncertainty surrounding such prediction. An example of this approach quantifying the risk of breast cancer in the event of a positive mammogram is provided. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Immobilization of Molecular Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
Authors: Bullock R. Morris , Das Atanu K. , Appel Aaron M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractElectrocatalysts are critically important for a secure energy future, as they facilitate the conversion between electrical and chemical energy. Molecular catalysts offer precise control of structure that enables understanding of structure–reactivity relationships, which can be difficult to achieve with heterogeneous catalysts. Molecular electrocatalysts can be immobilized on surfaces by covalent bonds or through non‐covalent interactions. Advantages of surface immobilization include the need for less catalyst, avoidance of bimolecular decomposition pathways, and easier determination of catalyst lifetime. This Minireview highlights surface immobilization of molecular electrocatalysts for reduction of O2, oxidation of H2O, production of H2, and reduction of CO2.
Thermodynamics and Photodynamics of a Monoprotonated Porphyrin Directly Stabilized by Hydrogen Bonding with Polar Protic Solvents
Authors: Suzuki Wataru , Kotani Hiroaki , Ishizuka Tomoya , Ohkubo Kei , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Kojima Takahiko 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAddition of 1 equiv of TFA to an acetone solution containing dodecaphenylporphyrin (H2DPP) in the presence of 10 % MeOH (v/v) resulted in selective formation of a monoprotonated form (H3DPP+), in sharp contrast to protonation of H2DPP directly affording a diprotonated form (H4DPP2+) in acetone in the absence of MeOH. The crucial role of MeOH for selective H3DPP+ formation was interpreted as hydrogen‐bonding stabilization of H3DPP+, since a MeOH molecule was found to form hydrogen bonds with an NH proton of H3DPP+ in the crystal. The selectivity of H3DPP+ formation was evaluated by the formation yield of H3DPP+, which increased when elevating the portion of MeOH (0–10 %) in acetone with saturation behavior, suggesting that H3DPP+ is stabilized by hydrogen bonding with MeOH even in solution, together with the thermodynamic parameters determined from a van't Hoff plot based on the spectroscopic titration. Femto‐ and nanosecond laser flash photolysis allowed us to elucidate the photodynamics of H3DPP+ in intermolecular photoinduced electron transfer (ET) from ferrocene derivatives as one‐electron donors to the triplet excited state of H3DPP+ as an electron acceptor. The second‐order rate constants of the ET reactions were evaluated in light of the Marcus theory of ET. The reorganization energy of ET was determined to be 1.87 eV, which is slightly larger than that of H4DPP2+ in acetonitrile (1.69 eV), due to larger structural change upon ET than that of H4DPP2+.
“Pyrene Box” Cages for the Confinement of Biogenic Amines
Authors: Feng Wei‐Xu , van der Lee Arie , Legrand Yves‐Marie , Petit Eddy , Su Cheng‐Yong , Barboiu Mihail 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe complete structure of non‐crystalline compounds can be determined by confining them in crystalline structures. The reduced motional degrees of freedom of encapsulated guests can be obtained through their anchoring to the host cages, which results in the reduction of a significant amount of disorder. The “pyrene box” cages that easily crystallize from aqueous solutions are recommended to achieve complete structure elucidation of compounds of biological interest. In this study, the “pyrene box” cages have been used for the in situ encapsulation of biogenic amines: histamine, dopamine, and serotonin. NMR spectroscopy illustrates that these systems are stable in aqueous solution. The X‐ray single‐crystal structure analysis reveals that the pyrene box/biogenic amine systems are stabilized through combined interactions, strongly contributing to in situ fixation and accurate determination of their crystal structures.