bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Las Lenguas de Signos españolas: su necesaria presencia en el debate social y doctrinal sobre la reforma de la Constitución española
Authors: Belda Pérez-Pedrero Enrique 
Published: August 2016

Resumen:La lengua de signos es una lengua natural, de uso principal o preferente, de personas que viven en España y gozan de la ciudadanía española. Si el resto de las lenguas que se hablan en este Estado disfruta de mención constitucional, carece de sentido que no se otorgue el mismo trato a la lengua de signos. Para ello se precisa una reforma de la Constitución en el art. 3.2. Reflejando al máximo nivel normativo la realidad de uso de la lengua de signos, se efectúa una remoción de obstáculos para la integración de las personas sordas y sordociegas, y se previenen afecciones a la igualdad en este grupo humano susceptible de discriminación.Abstract:Sign language is a common lenguage, of main or preferent use by individuals living in Spain and enjoying Spanish citizenship. Given that the rest of the lenguages spoken in the State are mentioned in the Constitution, it is non sense that same treatement is not accorded to sign language. For this to be solved, it is necessary to reform article 3.2 of the Constitution. Thus, placing at the highest legal level the reality of sign language, obstacles to integration of deaf and deaf-blind persons are removed and infingements to equality of this group —very sensitive to discrimination— are prevented. Summary:1. Introduction. 2. A proposal of constitutional reform. 3. Disabilityprotection rules in general, and of the sign language in particular. 4.Sign Language as element worthy of express constitutional mention.5. The specific location of sign language in the Constitution and theeffects of their constitutionalization. 6. The reform proposal refersto all the spanish signs languages. 7. The process of constitutionalreform for the proposal. 8. Conclusions. 9. Bibliography.
Low‐frequency Pliocene climate variability in the eastern Nordic Seas
Authors: Risebrobakken Bjørg , Andersson Carin , De Schepper Stijn , McClymont Erin L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Pliocene (5.3–2.6 Ma) is often described as a relatively stable climatic period, with warm temperatures characterizing high latitudes. New suborbital resolved stable isotope records from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 642B in the eastern Nordic Seas document that the Pliocene was not a stable period characterized by one climate. Rather, seven distinct climate phases, each lasting between 150,000 and 400,000 years, are identified and characterized in the time interval 5.1–3.1 Ma. Four of the transitions between the defined climate phases occurred close to an eccentricity minimum and a minimum in amplitude of change for Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, while two occurred around an eccentricity maximum and a maximum in amplitude in insolation change. Hence, a low‐frequency response of the Nordic Seas to insolation forcing is indicated. In addition, paleogeographic and related paleoceanographic changes, expansion of the Arctic sea ice cover, and onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation were important factors behind the evolving Pliocene low‐frequency variability in the eastern Nordic Seas. It is likely that the identified climate phases and transitions are important beyond the Nordic Seas, due to their association with changes to both insolation and paleogeography. However, a strong and variable degree of diagenetic calcite overgrowth is documented for the planktic foraminifera, especially influencing the planktic δ18O results; the absolute values and amplitude of change cannot be taken at face value.
Upper limit of electron fluxes generated by kinetic Alfvén waves in Maxwellian plasma
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Rankin R. , Vasko I. Y. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe consider electron acceleration by kinetic Alfvén waves in the equatorial inner magnetosphere and plasma sheet boundary layer. The competition between the accelerating effect of the wave parallel electric field and mirror force acting on particles in an inhomogeneous background magnetic field generates an effective potential well where electrons can be trapped and accelerated. We compare energy variations of trapped and transient resonant electrons and show that these variations almost compensate each other. Thus, energy provided to waves by transient particles is transferred to trapped particles. This effect allows waves accelerate trapped electrons without being significantly damped. Using energy balance equations, we estimate the maximum flux of electrons accelerated via trapping into Landau resonance with kinetic Alfvén waves. For a wide range of system parameters (i.e., ion to electron temperature ratio, magnetic field amplitude, and wave number and wave frequency), acceleration of trapped electrons can generate fluxes with amplitude about 5–25% of the background thermal fluxes. We determine parametric regions for the most efficient acceleration.
Die Erhaltung nativer Proteinstrukturen unter Ausschluss von Lösungsmittel: eine Untersuchung mit Hilfe der Kombination von Ionenmobilität mit Spektroskopie
Authors: Seo Jongcheol , Hoffmann Waldemar , Warnke Stephan , Bowers Michael T. , Pagel Kevin , von Helden Gert 
Published: August 2016

AbstractKann die Struktur kleinerer bis mittelgroßer Proteine beim Übergang aus der Lösung in die Gasphase bewahrt werden? Zwar haben sich eine Vielzahl von Studien dieser Frage gewidmet, jedoch steht eine eindeutige Antwort noch aus. Die Klärung dieses Problems ist gleichwohl wichtig, denn davon hängt es ab, ob die empfindlichen Methoden der nativen Massenspektrometrie Probleme der Strukturbiologie adressieren können. Mithilfe einer Kombination aus Ionenmobilitäts‐Massenspektrometrie und Infrarotspektroskopie untersuchen wir sowohl Sekundär‐ als auch Tertiärstruktur von Proteinen, die unter milden Bedingungen aus der Lösung in die Gasphase gebracht werden. In dieser Studie wurden die Moleküle Myoglobin und β‐Lactoglobulin untersucht, die prototypische Beispiele für helikale bzw. β‐Faltblatt‐reiche Proteine sind. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für niedrige Ladungszustände und unter sanften Bedingungen Aspekte der nativen Sekundär‐ und Tertiärstuktur bewahrt werden können.
Electromagnetic interference shielding properties of PEDOT/PSS–halloysite nanotube (HNTs) hybrid films
Authors: Luo Shi‐Jun , Zhang Ping , Mei Yin‐Ang , Chang Jun‐Biao , Yan Hu 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4‐styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) films hybridized with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were for the first time investigated for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The hybridization of the HNTs induced EMI properties for the pristine PEDOT/PSS films, and the content of the HNTs in the hybrid films significantly influenced the EMI properties of the hybrid films. The highest EMI shielding effectiveness of the hybrid film is −16.3 dB in the measured frequency range from 2 to 13 GHz for the PEDOT/PSS film hybridized with 75% HNTs, using a sample with 4.5 mm thick. The contribution of EMI shielding effectiveness in the hybrid films is mainly due to dielectric loss rather than magnetic loss. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44242.
Co-morbidity after oesophageal cancer surgery and recovery of health-related quality of life
Authors: Backemar L , Wikman A , Djärv T , Johar A , Lagergren P 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Although health-related quality of life (HRQoL) recovers after surgery for oesophageal cancer in most long-term survivors, one in seven patients experiences a deterioration in HRQoL for reasons yet unknown. The aim of this study was to assess whether co-morbidities diagnosed after surgery influence recovery of HRQoL.

Methods
Patients who underwent surgery for cancer of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction in Sweden between 2001 and 2005 were included. HRQoL was assessed by means of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and QLQ-OES18 questionnaires. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess mean differences in HRQoL scores between three co-morbidity status groups (healthy, stable and increased) over time. Probabilities of deterioration in HRQoL were calculated based on marginal probabilities from logistic regression models.

Results
At 5 years' follow-up, 153 (24·8 per cent) of 616 patients were alive and 137 responded to at least two of three questionnaires. The healthy and increased co-morbidity groups showed deterioration in almost all aspects of HRQoL at 6 months after surgery compared with baseline. The increased co-morbidity group also deteriorated in several aspects from 3 to 5 years after surgery. Patients with an increase in co-morbidity did not have a significantly increased probability of deterioration in HRQoL over time compared with healthy or stable patients, except with respect to cognitive function, loss of appetite, choking and coughing.

Conclusion
Patients with an increase in co-morbidities after oesophagectomy experience long-term deterioration in HRQoL.
The histological characteristics and clinical outcomes of lung cancer in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
Authors: Zhang Meng , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Kawakami Satoshi , Asaka Shiho , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Yasuo Masanori , Agatsuma Hiroyuki , Toishi Masayuki , Shiina Takayuki , Yoshida Kazuo , Honda Takayuki , Ito Ken‐ichi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCombined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is an important risk factor for lung cancer (LC), because most patients with CPFE are smokers. However, the histological characteristics of LC in patients with CPFE (LC‐CPFE) remain unclear. We conducted this study to explore the clinicopathological characteristics of LC‐CPFE. We retrospectively reviewed data from 985 patients who underwent resection for primary LC, and compared the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with LC‐CPFE and non‐CPFE LC. We identified 72 cases of LC‐CPFE, which were significantly associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) histology (n = 46, P < 0.001) and higher tumor grade (n = 44, P < 0.001), compared to non‐CPFE LC. Most LC‐CPFE lesions were contiguous with fibrotic areas around the tumor (n = 59, 81.9%), and this association was independent of tumor location. Furthermore, dysplastic epithelium was identified in the fibrotic area for 31 (52.5%) LC‐CPFE lesions. Moreover, compared to patients with pulmonary fibrosis alone in the non‐CPFE group (n = 31), patients with CPFE were predominantly male (P = 0.008) and smokers (P < 0.001), with LC‐CPFE predominantly exhibiting SqCC histology (P = 0.010) and being contiguous with the tumor‐associated fibrotic areas (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that CPFE was an independent predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.734; 95% confidence interval: 1.060–2.791; P = 0.028). Our results indicate that LC‐CPFE has a distinct histological phenotype, can arise from the dysplastic epithelium in the fibrotic area around the tumor, and is associated with poor survival outcomes.
Clinical outcomes after PCI treatment of very long lesions with the XIENCE V everolimus eluting stent; Pooled analysis from the SPIRIT and XIENCE V USA prospective multicenter trials
Authors: Bouras Georgios , Jhamnani Sunny , Ng Vivian G. , Haimi Ido , Mao Vivian , Deible Regina , Cao Sherry , Sudhir Krishnankutty , Lansky Alexandra J. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundLesion length has been an important factor in predicting a worse outcome after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI); however, the safety and efficacy of second‐generation drug eluting stents in very long coronary lesions has not been validated in large scale randomized controlled trials.MethodsWe performed a patient level pooled analysis of 13,266 patients undergoing planned overlapping stent treatment of very long coronary lesions with the XIENCE V everolimus eluting coronary stent system from 6 trials evaluating the XIENCE V stent (Spirit II, III, IV, V, Spirit Small Vessel and XIENCE V USA). Patients were divided into two cohorts, a very long lesion (VLL) group (lesions ≥35 mm) and a control group (lesions >24 to <35 mm). The primary outcome measures were Target Lesion Failure (TLF), Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE), and Academic Research Consortium (ARC) defined definite and probable stent thrombosis at 1 year.ResultsA total of 13,266 patients were included in the pooled analysis of which 2.4% (323 patients with 328 total lesions) had a mean lesion length of 47.1 ± 13.7 mm in the VLL group which were compared to controls comprised of 3.6% of the cohort (482 patients with 500 total lesions) with mean lesion length of 28.1 ± 2.4 mm.There was no significant difference in the rates of TLF between the VVL and control groups (8.9 vs. 10%, P = 0.63), MACE (9.2 vs. 10%, P = 0.74) or stent thrombosis (1.6 vs. 1.5%, P = 0.92) at 1 year.ConclusionsIn the treatment of very long coronary lesions, the XIENCE V stent appears as safe and effective as percutaneous coronary interventions for long lesions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies on the Magnetic Ground State of a Spin Möbius Strip
Authors: Newton Graham N. , Hoshino Norihisa , Matsumoto Takuto , Shiga Takuya , Nakano Motohiro , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Furukawa Yuji , Oshio Hiroki 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHere we report the synthesis, structure and detailed characterisation of three n‐membered oxovanadium rings, Nan[(V=O)nNan(H2O)n(α, β, or γ‐CD)2]⋅m H2O (n=6, 7, or 8), prepared by the reactions of (V=O)SO4⋅x H2O with α, β, or γ‐cyclodextrins (CDs) and NaOH in water. Their alternating heterometallic vanadium/sodium cyclic core structures were sandwiched between two CD moieties such that O‐Na‐O groups separated the neighbouring vanadyl ions. Antiferromagnetic interactions between the S=1/2 vanadyl ions led to S=0 ground states for the even‐membered rings, but to two quasi‐degenerate S=1/2 states for the spin‐frustrated heptanuclear cluster.
Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Activation of Non‐Heteroaromatic Amides in Atom‐Economical Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecent advances in catalytic asymmetric carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions of non‐heteroaromatic amide substrates are highlighted. Among carbonyl compounds, amides have received limited attention in catalytic asymmetric transformations mainly owing to their lower reactivity. Amides are reluctant to form enolates for nucleophilic addition, and α,β‐unsaturated amides exhibit diminished electrophilicity at the β‐carbon. Recent advances in asymmetric catalysis rendered these amides amenable to enantioselective reactions with perfect atom economy, producing synthetically useful chiral building blocks. This Minireview summarizes recent developments in the field.
Beyond Chemoselectivity: Catalytic Site‐Selective Aldolization of Diketones and Exploitation for Enantioselective Alzheimer's Drug Candidate Synthesis
Authors: Nugent Thomas C. , Najafian Foad Tehrani , Hussein Hussein Ali El Damrany , Hussain Ishtiaq 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSite selectivity, differentiating instances of the same functional group type on one substrate, represents a forward‐looking theme within chemistry: reduced dependence on protection/deprotection protocols for increased overall yield and step‐efficiency. Despite these potential benefits and the expanded tactical advantages afforded to synthetic design, site selectivity remains elusive and especially so for ketone‐based substrates. Herein, site‐selective intermolecular mono‐aldolization has been demonstrated for an array of prochiral 4‐keto‐substituted cyclohexanones with concomitant regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantiocontrol. Importantly, the aldol products allow rapid access to molecularly complex ketolactones or keto‐1,3‐diols, respectively containing three and four stereogenic centers. The reaction conditions are of immediate practical value and general enough to be applicable to other reaction types. These findings are applied in the first enantioselective, formal, synthesis of a leading Alzheimer's research drug, a γ‐secretase modulator (GSM), in the highest known yield.
Impact of marital status, insurance status, income, and race/ethnicity on the survival of younger patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma in the United States
Authors: Costa Luciano J. , Brill Ilene K. , Brown Elizabeth E. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDRecent advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) have been associated with improved survival, predominantly among young and white patients. The authors hypothesized that sociodemographic factors, adjusted for race/ethnicity, influence the survival of younger patients with MM.METHODSOverall survival (OS) data were obtained for individuals included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER‐18) program who were diagnosed with MM before the age of 65 years between 2007 and 2012. The sociodemographic variables addressed were marital status, insurance status, median household income, and educational achievement in the county of residence. Race/ethnicity was defined as a self‐reported construct including Hispanic (regardless of race), non‐Hispanic black, non‐Hispanic white, and other.RESULTSThere were 10,161 cases of MM included with a median follow‐up of 27 months (range, 0‐71 months; 22,179 person‐years). Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis, SEER registry; age; male sex; and 3 sociodemographic factors including marital status (other than married), insurance status (uninsured or Medicaid), and county‐level income (lowest 2 quartiles), but not race/ethnicity, were found to be associated with an increased risk of death. The 4‐year estimated OS rate was 71.1%, 63.2%, 53.4%, and 46.5% (P<.001), respectively, for patients with 0, 1, 2, or 3 adverse sociodemographic factors. Hispanic and non‐Hispanic black individuals were found to have more adverse sociodemographic factors and worse OS. However, when the population was stratified by the cumulative number of sociodemographic factors, no consistent association between race/ethnicity and OS was observed after adjustment for confounders.CONCLUSIONSSociodemographic factors that potentially affect care, but not race/ethnicity, were found to influence the survival of younger patients with MM. Cancer 2016;122:3183–90. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
High Efficiency Drive Method of an Open‐Winding Induction Machine Driven by Dual Inverter Using Capacitor Across dc Bus
Authors: MACHIYA HAJIME , HAGA HITOSHI , KONDO SEIJI 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a highly efficient drive method for an open‐winding induction machine with a single constant voltage source and a single capacitor. By focusing on the phase voltage of the open‐winding machine, which is determined by the phase difference and the dc voltage of each power converter, it is possible to control the peak value of the phase voltage by controlling the voltage of the capacitor. Thus, a reduction in the iron loss due to harmonic voltage in the open‐winding machine is expected. In the proposed method, the voltage of the capacitor is controlled by the difference between the two reference voltages of the power converter, which depends on the machine power factor and the phase difference of the power converter connected to both ends of the winding. Based on experimental results, the converter loss and the machine loss can be reduced by controlling the voltage of the capacitor in accordance with the machine speed using the proposed method.
Second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of cancer heterogeneity in ultrasound guided biopsies of prostate in men suspected with prostate cancer
Authors: Ling Yuting , Li Chunhui , Feng Kairui , Palmer Scott , Appleton Paul L. , Lang Stephen , McGloin David , Huang Zhihong , Nabi Ghulam 
Published: August 2016

Prostate cancer is a multifocal disease with characteristic heterogeneity and foci that can range from low grade indolent to aggressive disease. The latter is characterised by the well‐established histopathological Gleason grading system used in the current clinical care. Nevertheless, a large discrepancy exists on initial biopsy and after the final radical prostatectomy. Moreover, there is no reliable imaging modality to study these foci, in particular at the level of the cells and surrounding matrix. Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling is significant in cancer progression with collagen as the dominant structural component providing mechanical strength and flexibility of tissue. In this study, the collagen assembly in prostate tissue was investigated with second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy: malignant foci demonstrated a reticular pattern, with a typical collagen pattern for each Gleason score. The orientation of collagen for each biopsy was computed by applying a ratio of the anisotropic and isotropic collagen fibres. This value was found to be distinct for each Gleason score. The findings suggest that this approach can not only be used to detect prostate cancer, but also can act as a potential biomarker for cancer aggressiveness.
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Multi‐day valley cold‐air pools in the western United States as derived from NARR
Authors: Yu Lejiang , Zhong Shiyuan , Bian Xindi 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTValleys can trap cold air to form Valley Cold Pools (VCPs). Characterized by stable stratification and weak winds, VCPs, especially those that last over multiple days, can produce adverse effects such as poor visibility and severe air pollution. Using the gridded data set of the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) for the period of 1979 through 2012, this study examines the climatology of VCPs in the western United States with a focus on spatial and temporal variability. The results reveal a widespread occurrence of short‐lived (1–2 days) VCPs over both the mountainous areas of the West and the Northern Plains. Longer VCP episodes, however, tend to be limited to large basins/valleys in the Northwest and the Intermountain West. The leading mode of variability in the annual number of cold‐season multi‐day VCP event anomalies appears to be linked to a sea‐surface temperature anomaly pattern typically found during the warm phase of Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Corresponding to the positive phase of the leading mode of variability is an anomalous 500‐hPa ridge over the western United States induced by a Rossby wave train, which, by blocking cold‐air intrusions and producing mid‐level subsidence warming, leads to more persistent VCP episodes in the western United States. In addition to large‐scale wintertime circulation anomalies, local surface temperature anomalies also contribute to the variability.