bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable synthesis of Titania‐Supported Bismuth Oxyiodide Heterostructured Nanofibers with Highly Exposed (1 1 0) Bismuth Oxyiodide Facets for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Luo Shunqin , Chen Jiawei , Huang Zhaohui , Liu Chen , Fang Minghao 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBismuth oxyiodide/titanium dioxide (BiOI/TiO2) heterostructured nanofibers with exposed (1 1 0) BiOI facets were synthesized by electrospinning and hydrothermal methods. The BiOI/TiO2 heterostructures with exposed (1 1 0) BiOI facets exhibited an enhanced photoreactivity, for which the methylene blue and phenol degradation rate is increased by more than two times and the photocurrent density is 12 times as high as that of BiOI with exposed (1 1 0) facets. EPR spectroscopy indicated that the hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals could be generated by BiOI/TiO2 heterostructures with exposed (1 1 0) BiOI facets. Based on the experimental results, the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the strong oxidization by hydroxyl radicals, enlarged band gap, lowered valence band position, and suppressed recombination of photoinduced electron–hole pairs by the manipulation of heterostructures with exposed (1 1 0) BiOI reactive facets.
Sonographic diagnosis of partial versus complete molar pregnancy: A reappraisal
Authors: Savage Julia L. , Maturen Katherine E. , Mowers Erika L. , Pasque Katherine B. , Wasnik Ashish P. , Dalton Vanessa K. , Bell Jason D. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeTo assess the prospective sonographic diagnosis of molar pregnancy and compare sonographic features of complete versus partial molar pregnancy.MethodsThis institutional review board‐‐approved retrospective chart review conducted between 2001 and 2011 identified 70 women with a histopathologic diagnosis of molar pregnancy and with available sonograms. Clinical data, images, and reports were reviewed, and features enumerated by radiologists blinded to the final diagnosis.ResultsMean age of patients was 30.5 ± 7.0 (SD) years (range, 16–49 years) with a mean gravidity of 3.2 ± 2.3 (SD) (range 1–11). Mean gestational age was 74.0 ± 19.1 day (range 39–138) and serum β‐human chorionic gonadotropin was 131 ± 156 mIU/ml (range 447–662,000). Pathologic results showed 48 partial and 22 complete molar pregnancies. Sonographically, partial moles more commonly showed a yolk sac (56.3% versus 0%, p < 0.0001), fetal pole (62.5% versus 4.6%, p < 0.0001), fine septa within the sac (25.0% versus 4.6%, p = 0.05), and normal (31.3% versus 0%, p = 0.002) or minimally cystic placenta (27.1% versus 4.6%, p = 0.49), while complete moles had larger gestational sacs (612 versus 44 mm, p = 0.005), were more often avascular on color Doppler imaging (45.5% versus 18.8%, p = 0.02), had more often abnormal tissue in the uterus (82.6% versus 20.8%, p < 0.0001) and placental masses (86.9% versus 16.7%, p < 0.0001), and were more often diagnosed prospectively (86.4% versus 41.7%, p = 0.0005).ConclusionsComplete molar pregnancy is associated with marked cystic changes and mass formation and is often diagnosed sonographically. Partial molar pregnancy often presents with minor cystic changes of the placenta and remains underdiagnosed sonographically. However, correct prospective diagnosis was made more frequently in this study than in older reports, perhaps due to improved spatial resolution of sonographic equipment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:72–78, 2017;
Assessing the multiscale architecture of muscular tissue with Q‐space magnetic resonance imaging: Review
Authors: Hoffman Matthew P. , Taylor Erik N. , Aninwene George E. , Sadayappan Sakthivel , Gilbert Richard J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractContraction of muscular tissue requires the synchronized shortening of myofibers arrayed in complex geometrical patterns. Imaging such myofiber patterns with diffusion‐weighted MRI reveals architectural ensembles that underlie force generation at the organ scale. Restricted proton diffusion is a stochastic process resulting from random translational motion that may be used to probe the directionality of myofibers in whole tissue. During diffusion‐weighted MRI, magnetic field gradients are applied to determine the directional dependence of proton diffusion through the analysis of a diffusional probability distribution function (PDF). The directions of principal (maximal) diffusion within the PDF are associated with similarly aligned diffusion maxima in adjacent voxels to derive multivoxel tracts. Diffusion‐weighted MRI with tractography thus constitutes a multiscale method for depicting patterns of cellular organization within biological tissues. We provide in this review, details of the method by which generalized Q‐space imaging is used to interrogate multidimensional diffusion space, and thereby to infer the organization of muscular tissue. Q‐space imaging derives the lowest possible angular separation of diffusion maxima by optimizing the conditions by which magnetic field gradients are applied to a given tissue. To illustrate, we present the methods and applications associated with Q‐space imaging of the multiscale myoarchitecture associated with the human and rodent tongues. These representations emphasize the intricate and continuous nature of muscle fiber organization and suggest a method to depict structural “blueprints” for skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue.
Spectroscopic exploration and thermodynamic characterization of desvenlafaxine interacting with fluorescent bovine serum albumin
Authors: Patgar Manjanath , Durgannavar Amar , Nandibewoor Sharanappa , Chimatadar Shivamurti 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe mechanism of the interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and desvenlafaxine was studied using fluorescence, ultraviolet absorption, 3‐dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltametry, differential scanning calorimetry, and attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques under physiological condition at pH 7.4. Stern‐Volmer calculations authenticate the fluorescence of BSA that was quenched by desvenlafaxine in a collision quenching mode. The fluorescence quenching method was used to evaluate number of binding sites “n” and binding constant KA that were measured, and various thermodynamic parameters were evaluated at different temperatures by using the van't Hoff equation and differential scanning calorimetry technique, which indicated a spontaneous and hydrophobic interaction between BSA and desvenlafaxine. According to the Förster theory we calculate the distance between the donor, BSA and acceptor, desvenlafaxine molecules. Furthermore, circular dichroism and attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicate nominal changes in the secondary structure of the protein.
Memory Problems in Parkinson's Disease Patients With and Without Mild Cognitive Impairment: Comparisons Between Caregiver and Self‐report
Authors: Woods Damith T. , Kneebone Anthony C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine differences in patient and caregiver ratings of memory function in a community sample of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosed with and without mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI).MethodsOne hundred sixty‐five patient‐caregiver pairings participated in the study. Patients withPDwere administered a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing five of the key cognitive domains as indicated in thePD‐MCIMovement Disorders Task Force criteria. Patients and caregivers also completed the Memory Assessment Clinics Self‐Rating or Family Scale (MAC‐S/MAC‐F), and patients were divided into two groups, those withPD‐MCIand those without.ResultsFor patients diagnosed withPD‐MCI, both patients and caregivers reported significantly more memory changes compared with patients withoutPD‐MCIon theMAC‐S andMAC‐F. In contrast, for patients withoutPD‐MCI, patients and caregivers differed significantly in their reporting of memory changes, with scores indicating that patients withoutPD‐MCIfelt their memory functioning was worse than what caregivers were reporting.ConclusionsPatients withPDwithoutMCImight be more sensitive to memory changes than their caregivers. Whether the self‐appraisal of memory problems is predictive of future cognitive difficulties, including progression toPD‐MCIorPDdementia, should be the focus of future research.
Training Genetic Counsellors to Deliver an Innovative Therapeutic Intervention: their Views and Experience of Facilitating Multi‐Family Discussion Groups
Authors: Eisler Ivan , Flinter Frances , Grey Jo , Hutchison Suzanne , Jackson Carole , Longworth Louise , MacLeod Rhona , McAllister Marion , Metcalfe Alison , Patch Christine , Cope Buddug , Robert Glenn , Rowland Emma , Ulph Fiona 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInnovations in clinical genetics have increased diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of inherited genetic conditions (IGCs). This has led to an increased number of families seeking genetic testing and / or genetic counselling and increased the clinical load for genetic counsellors (GCs). Keeping pace with biomedical discoveries, interventions are required to support families to understand, communicate and cope with their Inherited Genetic Condition. The Socio‐Psychological Research in Genomics (SPRinG) collaborative have developed a new intervention, based on multi‐family discussion groups (MFDGs), to support families affected by IGCs and train GCs in its delivery. A potential challenge to implementing the intervention was whether GCs were willing and able to undergo the training to deliver the MFDG. In analysing three multi‐perspective interviews with GCs, this paper evaluates the training received. Findings suggests that MFDGs are a potential valuable resource in supporting families to communicate genetic risk information and can enhance family function and emotional well‐being. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is feasible to train GCs in the delivery of the intervention and that it has the potential to be integrated into clinical practice. Its longer term implementation into routine clinical practice however relies on changes in both organisation of clinical genetics services and genetic counsellors’ professional development.
Stories of stones and bones: disciplinarity, narrative and practice in British popular prehistory, 1911–1935
Authors: REES AMANDA 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper explores how three central figures in the field of British prehistory – Sir Arthur Keith, Sir Grafton Elliot Smith and Louis Leakey – deployed different disciplinary practices and narrative devices in the popular accounts of human bio-cultural evolution that they produced during the early decades of the twentieth century. It shows how they used a variety of strategies, ranging from virtual witness through personal testimony to tactile demonstration, to ground their authority to interpret the increasingly wide range of fossil material available and to answer the bewildering variety of questions that could be asked about them. It investigates the way in which they positioned their own professional expertise in relation to fossil interpretation, particularly with regard to the – sometimes controversial – use they made of concepts, evidence and practices drawn from other disciplines. In doing so, they made claims that went beyond their original disciplinary boundaries. The paper argues that while none of these writers were able, ultimately, to support the wider claims they made regarding human prehistory, the nature of these claims deserves much closer attention, particularly with respect to the public role that historians of science can and should play in relation to present-day calls for greater interdisciplinarity.
Utilization of prosodic and linguistic cues during perceptions of nonunderstandings in radio communication
Authors: AUTON JAIME C. , WIGGINS MARK W. , SEARLE BEN J. , RATTANASONE NAN XU 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe readback/hearback loop is a communicative protocol used in many high-risk environments to ensure that a verbal instruction has beenheardcorrectly by a receiver. However, it does not necessarily ensure that an instruction has beenunderstood. Using an international sample of hydroelectric power generation controllers, this study examined whether particular linguistic (complete and partial readbacks) and prosodic (final intonation, filler, and interturn delay) cues contained within a readback response could signal to listeners the extent to which speakers had understood an instruction. The results indicated that different prosodic cues are used to detect nonunderstandings, depending upon the linguistic content of the readback. The results have implications for training and system design in distributed environments.
A novel ligand of calcitonin receptor reveals a potential new sensor that modulates programmed cell death
Authors: Furness SGB , Hare DL , Kourakis A , Turnley AM , Wookey PJ 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe have discovered that the accumulation of an anti-calcitonin receptor (anti-CTR) antibody conjugated to a fluorophore (mAb2C4:AF568) provides a robust signal for cells undergoing apoptotic programmed cell death (PCD). PCD is an absolute requirement for normal development of metazoan organisms. PCD is a hallmark of common diseases such as cardiovascular disease and tissue rejection in graft versus host pathologies, and chemotherapeutics work by increasing PCD. This robust signal or high fluorescent events were verified by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry in several cell lines and a primary culture in which PCD had been induced. In Jurkat cells, GBM-L2 and MG63 cells, the percentage undergoing PCD that were positive for both mAb2C4:AF568 and annexin V ranged between 70 and >90%. In MG63 cells induced for the preapoptotic cell stress response (PACSR), the normal expression of α-tubulin, a key structural component of the cytoskeleton, and accumulation of mAb2C4:AF568 were mutually exclusive. Our data support a model in which CTR is upregulated during PACSR and recycles to the plasma membrane with apoptosis. In cells committed to apoptosis (α-tubulin negative), there is accumulation of the CTR-ligand mAb2C4:AF568 generating a high fluorescent event. The reagent mAb2C4:AF568 effectively identifies a novel event linked to apoptosis.
Scalable fabrication of microneedle arrays via spatially controlled UV exposure
Authors: Takahashi Hidetoshi , Jung Heo Yun , Arakawa Nobuchika , Kan Tesuo , Matsumoto Kiyoshi , Kawano Ryuji , Shimoyama Isao 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper describes a theoretical estimation of the geometry of negative epoxy-resist microneedles prepared via inclined/rotated ultraviolet (UV) lithography based on spatially controlled UV exposure doses. In comparison with other methods based on UV lithography, the present method can create microneedle structures with high scalability. When negative photoresist is exposed to inclined/rotated UV through circular mask patterns, a three-dimensional, needle-shaped distribution of the exposure dose forms in the irradiated region. Controlling the inclination angles and the exposure dose modifies the photo-polymerized portion of the photoresist, thus allowing the variation of the heights and contours of microneedles formed by using the same mask patterns. In an experimental study, the dimensions of the fabricated needles agreed well with the theoretical predictions for varying inclination angles and exposure doses. These results demonstrate that our theoretical approach can provide a simple route for fabricating microneedles with on-demand geometry. The fabricated microneedles can be used as solid microneedles or as a mold master for dissolving microneedles, thus simplifying the microneedle fabrication process. We envision that this method can improve fabrication accuracy and reduce fabrication cost and time, thereby facilitating the practical applications of microneedle-based drug delivery technology.
Molecular analysis of aggressive renal cell carcinoma with unclassified histology reveals distinct subsets
Authors: Chen Ying-Bei , Xu Jianing , Skanderup Anders Jacobsen , Dong Yiyu , Brannon A. Rose , Wang Lu , Won Helen H. , Wang Patricia I. , Nanjangud Gouri J. , Jungbluth Achim A. , Li Wei , Ojeda Virginia , Hakimi A. Ari , Voss Martin H. , Schultz Nikolaus , Motzer Robert J. , Russo Paul , Cheng Emily H. , Giancotti Filippo G. , Lee William , Berger Michael F. , Tickoo Satish K. , Reuter Victor E. , Hsieh James J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRenal cell carcinomas with unclassified histology (uRCC) constitute a significant portion of aggressive non-clear cell renal cell carcinomas that have no standard therapy. The oncogenic drivers in these tumours are unknown. Here we perform a molecular analysis of 62 high-grade primary uRCC, incorporating targeted cancer gene sequencing, RNA sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphism array, fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and cell-based assays. We identify recurrent somatic mutations in 29 genes, including NF2 (18%), SETD2 (18%), BAP1 (13%), KMT2C (10%) and MTOR (8%). Integrated analysis reveals a subset of 26% uRCC characterized by NF2 loss, dysregulated Hippo–YAP pathway and worse survival, whereas 21% uRCC with mutations of MTOR, TSC1, TSC2 or PTEN and hyperactive mTORC1 signalling are associated with better clinical outcome. FH deficiency (6%), chromatin/DNA damage regulator mutations (21%) and ALK translocation (2%) distinguish additional cases. Altogether, this study reveals distinct molecular subsets for 76% of our uRCC cohort, which could have diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Giant Kerr response of ultrathin gold films from quantum size effect
Authors: Qian Haoliang , Xiao Yuzhe , Liu Zhaowei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWith the size of plasmonic devices entering into the nanoscale region, the impact of quantum physics needs to be considered. In the past, the quantum size effect on linear material properties has been studied extensively. However, the nonlinear aspects have not been explored much so far. On the other hand, much effort has been put into the field of integrated nonlinear optics and a medium with large nonlinearity is desirable. Here we study the optical nonlinear properties of a nanometre scale gold quantum well by using the z-scan method and nonlinear spectrum broadening technique. The quantum size effect results in a giant optical Kerr susceptibility, which is four orders of magnitude higher than the intrinsic value of bulk gold and several orders larger than traditional nonlinear media. Such high nonlinearity enables efficient nonlinear interaction within a microscopic footprint, making quantum metallic films a promising candidate for integrated nonlinear optical applications.
Integrated multi-omics of the human gut microbiome in a case study of familial type 1 diabetes
Authors: Heintz-Buschart Anna , May Patrick , Laczny Cédric C. , Lebrun Laura A. , Bellora Camille , Krishna Abhimanyu , Wampach Linda , Schneider Jochen G. , Hogan Angela , de Beaufort Carine , Wilmes Paul 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe gastrointestinal microbiome is a complex ecosystem with functions that shape human health. Studying the relationship between taxonomic alterations and functional repercussions linked to disease remains challenging. Here, we present an integrative approach to resolve the taxonomic and functional attributes of gastrointestinal microbiota at the metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and metaproteomic levels. We apply our methods to samples from four families with multiple cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Analysis of intra- and inter-individual variation demonstrates that family membership has a pronounced effect on the structural and functional composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome. In the context of T1DM, consistent taxonomic differences were absent across families, but certain human exocrine pancreatic proteins were found at lower levels. The associated microbial functional signatures were linked to metabolic traits in distinct taxa. The methodologies and results provide a foundation for future large-scale integrated multi-omic analyses of the gastrointestinal microbiome in the context of host–microbe interactions in human health and disease.
Topological defects at octahedral tilting plethora in bi-layered perovskites
Authors: Huang Fei-Ting , Gao Bin , Kim Jae-Wook , Luo Xuan , Wang Yazhong , Chu Ming-Wen , Chang Chung-Kai , Sheu Hwo-Shuenn , Cheong Sang-Wook 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOxygen octahedral distortions, including tilts/rotations, deformations and off-centring in (layered) perovskites, have the key role in their numerous functional properties. Near the polar-centrosymmetric phase boundary in bi-layered perovskite Ca3−xSrxTi2O7withx≈1, we found the presence of abundant topological eight-state vortex-antivortex pairs, associated with four oxygen octahedral tilts at domains and another four different oxygen octahedral tilts at domain walls. Our discovery opens a new revenue to unveil real-space topological defects associated with the possible vector choices in one specific lattice mode.
Five years of phenology observations from a mixed-grass prairie exposed to warming and elevated CO2
Authors: Reyes-Fox Melissa , Steltzer Heidi , LeCain Daniel R. , McMaster Gregory S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAtmospheric CO2 concentrations have been steadily increasing since the Industrial Era and contribute to concurrent increases in global temperatures. Many observational studies suggest climate warming alone contributes to a longer growing season. To determine the relative effect of warming on plant phenology, we investigated the individual and joint effects of warming and CO2 enrichment on a mixed-grass prairie plant community by following the development of six common grassland species and recording four major life history events. Our data support that, in a semi-arid system, while warming advances leaf emergence and flower production, it also expedites seed maturation and senescence at the species level. However, the additive effect can be an overall lengthening of the growing and reproductive seasons since CO2 enrichment, particularly when combined with warming, contributed to a longer growing season by delaying plant maturation and senescence. Fostering synthesis across multiple phenology datasets and identifying key factors affecting plant phenology will be vital for understanding regional plant community responses to climate change.
Iberian fish records in the vertebrate collection of the Museum of Zoology of the University of Navarra
Authors: Rodeles Amaia A. , Galicia David , Miranda Rafael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe study of freshwater fish species biodiversity and community composition is essential for understanding river systems, the effects of human activities on rivers, and the changes these animals face. Conducting this type of research requires quantitative information on fish abundance, ideally with long-term series and fish body measurements. This Data Descriptor presents a collection of 12 datasets containing a total of 146,342 occurrence records of 41 freshwater fish species sampled in 233 localities of various Iberian river basins. The datasets also contain 148,749 measurement records (length and weight) for these fish. Data were collected in different sampling campaigns (from 1992 to 2015). Eleven datasets represent large projects conducted over several years, and another combines small sampling campaigns. The Iberian Peninsula contains high fish biodiversity, with numerous endemic species threatened by various menaces, such as water extraction and invasive species. These data may support the development of large biodiversity conservation studies.