bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Adhesive Hydrogels Tackified by Nucleobases
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Qin , Gao Guanghui 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBioinspired strategies for designing hydrogels with excellent adhesive performance have drawn much attention in biomedical applications. Here, bioinspired adhesive hydrogels tackified by independent nucleobase (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil) from DNA and RNA are successfully explored. The nucleobase‐tackified hydrogels exhibit an excellent adhesive behavior for not only various solid substrates (polytetrafluoroethylene, plastics, rubbers, glasses, metals, and woods) but also biological tissues consisting of heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, bone, and muscle. The maximum adhesion strength of A‐, T‐, G‐, C‐, and U‐tackified hydrogels on the aluminum alloy surface is 780, 166, 250, 227, and 433 N m−1, respectively, superior to that of pure PAAm hydrogels (40 N m−1) after adhesive time of 10 min. It is anticipated that bioinspired hydrogels will play a significant role in the applications of wound dressing, medical electrodes, tissue adhesives, and portable equipment. Moreover, the bioinspired nucleobase‐tackified strategy would open a novel avenue for designing the next generation of soft and adhesive materials.
Improved Domain Size and Purity Enables Efficient All‐Small‐Molecule Ternary Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Xiaohui , Yang Liyan , Zhang Shaoqing , Zhang Yun , He Chang , Ma Wei , Hou Jianhui 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn all‐small‐molecule ternary solar cell is achieved with a power conversion efficiency of 10.48% by incorporating phenyl‐C71‐butyric‐acid‐methyl ester (PC71BM) into a nonfullerene binary system. The addition of PC71BM is found to modulate the film morphology by improving the domain purity and decreasing the domain size. This modulation facilitates charge generation and suppresses charge recombination, as manifested by the significantly enhanced short‐circuit current density and fill factor. The results correlate the domain characteristics with the device performance and offer new insight from the perspective of morphology modulation for constructing efficient ternary devices.
Transparent, Flexible Cellulose Nanofibril–Phosphorene Hybrid Paper as Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Cui Peng , Parida Kaushik , Lin Meng‐Fang , Xiong Jiaqing , Cai Guofa , Lee Pooi See 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFew‐layered phosphorene is exfoliated through a liquid phase exfoliation in ethanol, acting as an additive to mix with tempo‐oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), forming a transparent, flexible nanogenerator paper. The gas barrier property of CNF protects phosphorene against oxidation in ambient condition. The phosphorene in the hybrid paper is stable over six months even with exposure to ambient condition (23 °C, 70% RH) in air. The hybrid paper is used as an active layer to construct a triboelectric energy nanogenerator (TENG). This hybrid paper shows an open‐circuit voltage of 5.2 V with a current density of 1.8 µA cm−2, which is five and nine times higher than that of the pure CNF paper device, respectively. This work reveals the role of phosphorene in acting as a charge carrier in the hybrid paper and demonstrates a new way to attain stable functional phosphorene hybrids in ambient condition. The resultant phosphorene hybrid paper could be used as a building block for TENG with enhanced output performance.
Oxidation of Crystalline Rubrene Films: Evidence of an Epitaxial Native Oxide Layer
Authors: Raimondo Luisa , Trabattoni Silvia , Moret Massimo , Masciocchi Norberto , Masino Matteo , Sassella Adele 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRubrene (RUB) is a benchmark organic semiconductor since the record exciton diffusion length and high charge carrier mobility are demonstrated in its orthorhombic single‐crystal phase. In this respect, great research efforts on the growth and study of crystalline RUB thin films, the most suitable choice for device applications, are made, even though its oxidation remains a still open problem. Here, the oxidation of crystalline RUB thin films is focused, by studying and modeling the so‐formed interface between RUB and its oxide. Optical spectroscopy carried out on freshly grown and aged crystalline RUB films gives evidence that oxidation occurs without altering the original crystal structure of the RUB films. To deeply analyze the process, a direct characterization of rubrene endoperoxide (RUBox) is proposed: after synthesizing a microcrystalline powder, its crystal structure and Raman response are determined. The joint results achieved on the RUBox powder and on aged RUB films demonstrate that RUBox forms as a crystalline native oxide layer with a well‐defined epitaxial interface with the underlying RUB. Finally, structural constraints at the RUBox/RUB interface are shown to limit surface oxidation, with the oxide acting as a passivation layer against further oxidation.
MoS2–Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Material Growth and Gas Sensing
Authors: Deokar Geetanjali , Vancsó Péter , Arenal Raul , Ravaux Florent , Casanova‐Cháfer Juan , Llobet Eduard , Makarova Anna , Vyalikh Denis , Struzzi Claudia , Lambin Philippe , Jouiad Mustapha , Colomer Jean‐Francois 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHexagonal‐shaped nanoplates (HNPs) of MoS2 on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) over a patterned area (a circular area of 1 cm2 diameter) are produced by chemical vapor deposition technique. With an optimized initial Mo film thickness, a uniform coverage of MoS2 HNPs with a thickness around 20 nm is achieved. The results confirm that the CNT template plays an important role in the MoS2 HNPs growth. Each MoS2 HNP consists of abundant exposed edges, interesting for sensing and catalysis applications. High crystallinity and quality of the as‐produced material are revealed by X‐ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopies. Furthermore, NO2 gas‐sensing studies show better sensitivity and recovery for MoS2/CNT samples as compared to pristine CNTs. The detection of NO2 gas in a few tens of parts per million to a few hundreds of parts per billion range, at room temperature, is achieved. Density‐functional theory calculation indicates that the exposed edges of MoS2 play a significant role in the NO2 sensing as compared to horizontally aligned MoS2 layers. The present report can promote the research toward the fabrication of efficient and reliable MoS2‐based hybrid materials for toxic gas‐sensing applications for air quality monitoring in various environments.
Reconfiguration and shape memory triggered by heat and light of carbon nanotube–polyurethane vitrimer composites
Authors: Yan Peiyao , Zhao Wei , Jiang Liang , Wu Bo , Hu Kai , Yuan Ye , Lei Jingxin 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThermoset shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) are widely applied because of their superiority in maintaining permanent shapes. However, the inferiority of this material is also conspicuous, namely the loss of reprocessing ability owing to the chemically crosslinked structure. Fortunately, a new class of SMPs, known as “vitrimers,” was discovered, which can be reshaped or reprocessed via topological rearrangement due to the existence of dynamic covalent bonds. Thus, this new thermoset SMP could become a novel solution. In this paper, carbon nanotube–polyurethane vitrimer (CNT‐PUV) composites have been prepared, which possess the capability of thermally induced shape memory based on entropy changes and thermal reconfiguration based on transcarbamoylation reactions of carbamate bonds. In addition, the introduction of CNTs endows them with properties of near‐infrared (NIR) triggered shape memory and reconfiguration due to the photothermal conversion effect of CNTs. Besides, due to the character of the NIR laser, step‐by‐step shape recovery of CNT‐PUVs is realized from predefined temporary shapes to a permanent shape. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45784.
Freshwater conservation in a fragmented world: Dealing with barriers in a systematic planning framework
Authors: Hermoso Virgilio , Filipe Ana Filipa , Segurado Pedro , Beja Pedro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDisruption of longitudinal connectivity poses one of the most important threats to the persistence of freshwater biodiversity worldwide. Longitudinal connectivity plays a key role by facilitating ecological processes, such as migrations or energy transfer along river networks. For this reason, effective conservation of freshwater biodiversity is highly dependent on a capacity to maintain all processes associated with connectivity. Freshwater protected areas are commonly affected by disruptions of connectivity due to human activities and recent approaches to addressing connectivity when identifying priority areas have overlooked the limitations that human perturbations pose to connectivity.Here, a novel approach is presented to address this issue by accounting for the spatial distribution of barriers using Marxan, a tool commonly applied in conservation planning. This approach was first tested on a simulated example and then applied to the identification of priority areas for the conservation of freshwater vertebrates in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal).When using this new approach, the number of disrupted connections within priority areas can be significantly reduced at no additional cost in terms of area needed, which would help maintain connectivity among populations of species with low–medium migratory needs.Given the widespread occurrence of barriers in the study region, the improvement in connectivity within priority areas also resulted in the selection of river reaches closer to the headwaters and the river mouth. Focusing on both extremes of the longitudinal gradient might compromise the effectiveness of conservation efforts for long‐distance migratory species, such as the European eel. This inevitably means that additional management measures, such as barrier removal or construction of fish passages, would be necessary to ensure that these species are able to complete their life cycles.The method demonstrated here could be applied to other regions where connectivity is compromised.
Nanodiamond‐Core‐Reinforced, Graphene‐Shell‐Immobilized Platinum Nanoparticles as a Highly Active Catalyst for the Low‐Temperature Dehydrogenation of n‐Butane
Authors: Zhang Jiayun , Cai Xiangbin , Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Zhang Yajie , Wang Jia , Diao Jiangyong , Wang Ning , Liu Hongyang , Su Dangsheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPt nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on a core–shell hybrid carbon support allow the efficient direct dehydrogenation of n‐butane at low temperatures. The hybrid carbon support is composed of a nanodiamond core and a reinforced ultrathin graphene shell (ND@G), which improves the stability of the anchored Pt NPs against sintering under the reaction conditions. The as‐prepared Pt/ND@G catalyst demonstrates excellent catalytic performance (≈25 % conversion with >95 % selectivity toward olefins) at 450 °C for over 10 h as a result of strong metal–support interactions. The catalyst can also be fully regenerated by postoxidative thermal treatment.
One‐pot synthesis of (R)‐1‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethyl acetate using tandem catalyst prepared by co‐immobilization of palladium and lipase on mesoporous foam: Optimization and kinetic modeling
Authors: Magadum Deepali B. , Yadav Ganapati D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of (R)‐1‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethyl acetate was achieved over tandem palladium‐lipase catalyst with 100% selectivity using 4‐acetyl pyridine as a reactant. The 2% w/w palladium and lipase catalyst was successfully co‐immobilized in the microenvironment of the mesocellular foam and characterized by various techniques. The palladium metal from catalyst hydrogenated 4‐acetyl pyridine to form 1‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethanol. The generated intermediate product then underwent kinetic resolution over lipase and selectively gave (R)‐1‐(pyridin‐4‐ yl)ethyl acetate. The catalytic conditions were then studied for optimal performance of both steps. The reaction conditions were optimized to 50 °C and toluene as a solvent. Both chemical and enzymatic kinetic models of the reaction were developed for a given set of reaction conditions and kinetic parameters were predicted. At optimal conditions, the obtained selectivity of intermediate (1‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethanol) was 51.38%. The final product yield of ((R)‐1‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethyl acetate) was 48.62%.
Cover Picture: Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of Aryl Bromides with Pyrimidin‐2‐yl Tosylates (Chin. J. Chem. 9/2017)
Authors: Gong Chunyu , Huo Congde , Wang Xicun , Quan Zhengjun 
Published: September 2017

The cover picture shows a new protocol for the NiCl2‐catalyzed cross‐electrophile coupling of aryl bromides with pyrimidin‐2‐yl tosylates to give the corresponding C2‐arylation pyrimidine derivatives. This study provides an improvement over previous methods by using pyrimidin‐2‐yl tosylates instead of halides as coupling partners that are stable and easily available. More details are discussed in the article by Wang et al. on page 1366–1370.
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Lustre Lockahead: Early experience and performance using optimized locking
Authors: Moore Michael , Farrell Patrick , Cernohous Bob 
Published: September 2017

SummaryRecent Cray‐authored Lustre modifications known as Lustre Lockahead show significantly improved write performance for collective, shared‐file I/O workloads. Initial tests show write performance improvements of more than 200% for small transfer sizes and over 100% for larger transfer sizes compared to traditional Lustre locking. Standard Lustre shared‐file locking mechanisms limit scaling of shared‐file I/O performance on modern high‐performance Lustre servers. The new Lockahead feature provides a mechanism for applications (or libraries) with knowledge of their I/O patterns to overcome this limitation by explicitly requesting locks. MPI‐IO is able to use this feature to dramatically improve shared‐file collective I/O performance, achieving more than 80% of file per process performance. This paper discusses our early experience using Lockahead with applications. We also present application and synthetic performance results and discuss performance considerations for applications that benefit from Lockahead.
Fluctuations in alliance and use of techniques over time: A bidirectional relation between use of “common factors” techniques and the development of the working alliance
Authors: Solomonov Nili , McCarthy Kevin S. , Keefe John R. , Gorman Bernard S. , Blanchard Mark , Barber Jacques P. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was twofold: (a) Investigate whether therapists are consistent in their use of therapeutic techniques throughout supportive–expressive therapy (SET) and (b) Examine the bi‐directional relation between therapists' use of therapeutic techniques and the working alliance over the course of SET.MethodThirty‐seven depressed patients were assigned to 16 weeks of SET as part of a larger randomized clinical trial (Barber, Barrett, Gallop, Rynn, & Rickels, ). Working Alliance Inventory‐Short Form (WAI‐SF) was collected at Weeks 2, 4, and 8. Use of therapeutic interventions was rated by independent observers using the Multitheoretical List of Therapeutic Interventions (MULTI). Intraclass correlation coefficients assessed therapists' consistency in use of techniques. A cross‐lagged path analysis estimated the working alliance inventory‐ Multitheoretical List of Therapeutic Interventions bidirectional relation across time.ResultsTherapists were moderately consistent in their use of prescribed techniques (psychodynamic, process‐experiential, and person‐centred). However, they were inconsistent, or more flexible, in their use of “common factors” techniques (e.g., empathy, active listening, hope, and encouragements). A positive bidirectional relation was found between use of common factors techniques and the working alliance, such that initial high levels of common factors (but not prescribed) techniques predicted higher alliance later on and vice versa.ConclusionTherapists tend to modulate their use of common factors techniques across treatment. Additionally, when a strong working alliance is developed early in treatment, therapists tend to use more common factors later on. Moreover, high use of common factors techniques is predictive of later improvement in the alliance.
Surface sedimentation and adherence of Nano‐SiO2 to improve thermal stability and flame resistance of melamine‐formaldehyde foam via sol‐gel method
Authors: Shi Yan , Wang Ning , Liu Li , Liu Yuan 
Published: September 2017

SummaryMelamine‐formaldehyde foam possesses intrinsic flame retardance; however, relative poor thermal stability and a certain amount of heat release rate restrict its applications in heated environment to a degree. In the present research, sol‐gel method has been adopted to precipitate nano‐SiO2 particles on the surface of the melamine‐formaldehyde foam's fibers to construct a protective inorganic gel layer. Taking advantages of the shielding effects of the gel layer, the thermal‐oxygen degradation of the foam can be greatly retarded during heating; hence, the thermal stability is remarkably improved, and the flame retardance is further enhanced. In addition, introducing a small amount of membrane‐forming agent in the sol‐gel system can make the depositional nano‐SiO2 particles well adhered to avoid dusting.
The intumescent flame‐retardant biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) containing surface‐coated ammonium polyphosphate and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS)
Authors: Shi Xiaowei , Ju Yaqing , Zhang Mi , Wang Xinlong 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis work aims to develop the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites with high flame‐retardant performance, which can be applied in electronic and electrical devices as well as automotive parts. First, an intumescent flame retardant composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the acid source and the blowing agent, and the distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as the natural charring agent was designed. The surfaces of DDGS and APP were coated by degradable polymeric flame‐retardant resorcinol di(phenyl phosphate) (RDP), and the coating effects were analyzed. And then the flame‐retardant biocomposites of PLA with RDP‐coated DDGS (C‐DDGS) and RDP‐coated APP (C‐APP) were prepared. The limited oxygen index value of the biocomposites with loading of 15 wt% C‐DDGS and 15 wt% C‐APP reached 32.0%, and UL‐94 V‐0 was attained. The biocomposites also had good mechanical properties and the tensile strength of this sample reached about 57 MPa. Finally, the char residues after burning were analyzed and the flame‐retardant mechanism was discussed.
Field Assisted Sintering Technology, Part II: Simulation
Authors: Rothe Steffen , Hartmann Stefan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractField‐assisted sintering technology (FAST) implies a multifield problem between electrical, thermal and mechanical fields. Based on a constitutive model proposed in [1], the numerical treatment of the three‐field problem in a monolithic finite element framework is discussed. Apart from algorithmic considerations, numerical simulations are performed treating the complex contact problem, large deformations and the multifield issues themselves. This is combined with a PID‐controller, which is required when the temperature process is given at specific positions in the graphite tool system and the electrical current is uncertain. The numerical simulations are validated by real experiments.
A systematic review of non‐pharmacological treatments for apathy in dementia
Authors: Theleritis Christos , Siarkos Kostas , Politis Anastasios A. , Katirtzoglou Everina , Politis Antonios 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveApathy is one of the most frequent neuropsychiatric symptoms encountered in dementia. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of apathy in dementia are crucial because apathy has been associated with poor disease outcome, reduced daily functioning, and caregiver distress.DesignExtensive electronic search from the databases included in the National Library of Medicine as well as PsychInfo and Google Scholar for studies which have investigated the effect of non‐pharmacological treatments of apathy in dementia. Quality of the studies was appraised.ResultsA total of 1303 records were identified and 120 full‐texts assessed. Forty‐three unique studies were reviewed. A variety of interventions were found to be effective in reducing apathy in demented patients, particularly when provided in a multidisciplinary manner. However, quantification of the effect was limited by the marked methodological heterogeneity of the studies and the small number of studies where apathy was the primary outcome measure.ConclusionsTreatment of apathy in dementia is a complex and underexplored field. Certain studies suggest promise for a variety of non‐pharmacological interventions. Standardized and systematic efforts primarily focusing on apathy may establish a benefit from individualized treatments for specific disease groups.
Association between anxious symptoms and sleeping medication use among US older adults
Authors: Harris Daniel , McNicoll Lynn , Epstein‐Lubow Gary , Thomas Kali S. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between anxiety symptoms and sleeping medication use among a nationally representative sample of US older adults.DesignCross‐sectional design using data from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study to examine the relationship between anxiety symptoms as rated by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐2 and self‐reported sleeping medication use. Survey weights were applied to account for complex survey design. Logistic regression was used to measure the association between anxiety symptoms and sleeping medication use after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, physical health, and other sleep‐related issues.ResultsIn 2011, 13.1% of respondents experienced high anxiety symptoms and 29.0% reported taking a sleeping medication at least once a week during the last 30 days. Results estimate that approximately 4 million US older adults have clinically significant anxiety symptoms and approximately 10 million US older adults used a sleeping medication in the last 30 days. Adjusted results revealed that high anxiety symptoms are significantly associated with sleeping medication use compared to low anxiety symptoms (AOR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.29‐1.91). Depression symptoms were also associated with sleeping medication (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.08‐1.55).ConclusionsResults demonstrated that anxiety symptoms are significantly associated with sleeping medication use among US older adults. We also found that depressive symptoms, chronic conditions, and worse self‐rated health are associated with sleeping medication use. As sleeping medications are associated with adverse health events, these results have clinical implications for treating anxiety symptoms among older patients.
Optimal compensation rule under provider adverse selection and moral hazard
Authors: Wu Yaping , Chen Yijuan , Li Sanxi 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAlthough healthcare provider payments have been studied extensively in the literature, little is known about the optimal compensation rule when, in addition to unobservable provider effort (moral hazard), the provider's ability type is also private information (adverse selection). We find that when only provider effort is unobservable, to induce the first‐best outcome the optimal compensation rule requires zero fee‐for‐service. When both provider moral hazard and adverse selection exist, the first‐best outcome will be infeasible. The second‐best compensation rule entails combined use of capitation, fee‐for‐service, and pay‐for‐performance.