bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulforaphene enhances radiosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma through suppression of the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Ren Kewei , Li Zhen , Li Yahua , Zhang Wenzhe , Han Xinwei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSulforaphene (SFE), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, has attracted increasing attention for its anti‐cancer effect in many cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the precise role of SFE in the radiosensitivity of HCC is still unclear. Here, cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry assay, respectively. The activity of NF‐κB was further evaluated by ELISA. We also observed the effect of SFE and/or radiation on tumor growth. The results showed that SFE inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCC cells. Radiation increased NF‐kB activity, while PDTC, a NF‐kB inhibitor, enhanced radiation‐induced cell death. SFE inhibited NF‐kB activity and the downstream gene expressions of the NF‐kB pathway in HCC cells. Moreover, SFE enhanced the inhibitory effect of radiation on tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. This study indicated that SFE sensitized the radiosensitivity of HCC by blocking the NF‐kB pathway.
The ontogeny and population variability of human hepatic dihydronicotinamide riboside:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO2)
Authors: Riches Zoe , Liu Yuejian , Berman Jacob M. , Walia Gurinder , Collier Abby C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDihydronicotinamide riboside:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO2) is an enzyme that performs reduction reactions involved in antioxidant defense. We hypothesized that NQO2 hepatic drug clearance would develop in children over time, similar to NQO1. Using human liver cytosol (n = 117), the effects of age, sex, ethnicity, and weight on NQO2 expression and activity were probed. No significant correlations were observed. Biochemical activity of NQO2 was as high at birth as in adults (0.23 ± 0.04 nmol/min/mg protein, mean ± SEM, range 0–1.83). In contrast, modeled hepatic clearance through the NQO2 pathway was up to 10% of adult levels at birth, reaching predicted adult levels (0.3 ± 0.03 L/h) at 14 years of age. Comparisons between NQO1 and NQO2 in the same livers showed that neither protein (P = 0.32) nor activity (P = 0.23) correlated, confirming both orthologs are independently regulated. Because hepatic clearance through NQO2 does not mature until teenage years, compounds detoxified by this enzyme may be more deleterious in children.
Police officers' beliefs about, and use of, cues to deception
Authors: Wright Clea , Wheatcroft Jacqueline M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMeta‐analytic findings indicate that people, including police officers, are generally poor at detecting low‐stakes deception. Related to this, investigations of behaviours that people reportedly use to make truth or lie judgements tend to conclude that people rely on incorrect stereotypes. However, consistent findings suggest that police officers are able to detect high‐stakes deception; this implies that, at least in some contexts, police officers utilise reliable cues to deception. The research presented here was an investigation of cues to deception used by police officers (N = 69), when making veracity decisions about real world, high‐stakes communications. Data were collected on both free report cues, and also prescribed cues that were known (from previous research), to discriminate between liars and truth‐tellers in the communications that the police officers observed. Officers free reported using cues related to verbal content, emotion, body language, eyes, vocal cues, and external cues. Most prescribed cues were self‐reportedly used correctly by large majorities of the officers, suggesting that they may not rely on inaccurate stereotypes. Self‐report use of categories of free report cues, and prescribed cues, was not related to accuracy in detecting deception. As people may not always be aware of the behaviours on which their judgements are based, the relationships between some of the behaviours actually displayed in the communications, and group accuracy in detecting deception in those communications, were also investigated. Group accuracy was related to the presence of subjective, emotion‐related cues in the communications.
Wind and buoyancy driven horizontal exchange in shallow embayments of a tropical reservoir: Lake Argyle, Western Australia
Authors: Woodward B. L. , Marti C. L. , Imberger J. , Hipsey M. R. , Oldham C. E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMany factors including depth, vegetation density, wind, and gyres may act to influence the littoral exchange in a water body but very few studies have investigated the interaction between more than two of these factors at any time. To investigate these controls on horizontal exchange in a large tropical reservoir, we conducted a 9‐d intensive field experiment in Lake Argyle, Western Australia. The experiment began with a 7‐d cooling period that generated water in the shallows of the reservoir embayments that was persistently cooler than the interior. This led to an underflow of dense water that moved from the lake boundary toward the center of the reservoir. A three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model (ELCOM) was able to adequately reproduce this thermal structure and was used to demonstrate its sensitivity to wind‐sheltering effects and submerged macrophyte presence. Further analysis of the predictions indicated that when the ratio of the shear and buoyancy force, averaged over 6 h (B6h) and 6‐h averaged wind speed in the direction of the embayment (U6h) was (1) greater than 0.5 ms−1 and 4.5 ms−1 respectively, the exchange was dominated by a topographic gyre formation, (2) when 0.1 < B6h < 0.5 and 2.4 ms−1 < U6h < 4.5 ms−1, the resulting circulation was a combination of differential cooling flows and a topographic gyre circulation, and (3) when U6h fell below 2.4 ms−1, purely buoyancy driven flow occurred but only if the buoyancy forces across the embayments were an order of magnitude greater than wind‐induced velocity shear.
Motor learning in animal models of Parkinson's disease: Aberrant synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex
Authors: Xu Tonghui , Wang Shaofang , Lalchandani Rupa R. , Ding Jun B 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIn Parkinson's disease (PD), dopamine depletion causes major changes in the brain, resulting in the typical cardinal motor features of the disease. PD neuropathology has been restricted to postmortem examinations, which are limited to only a single time of PD progression. Models of PD in which dopamine tone in the brain is chemically or physically disrupted are valuable tools in understanding the mechanisms of the disease. The basal ganglia have been well studied in the context of PD, and circuit changes in response to dopamine loss have been linked to the motor dysfunctions in PD. However, the etiology of the cognitive dysfunctions that are comorbid in PD patients has remained unclear until now. In this article, we review recent studies exploring how dopamine depletion affects the motor cortex at the synaptic level. In particular, we highlight our recent findings on abnormal spine dynamics in the motor cortex of PD mouse models through in vivo time‐lapse imaging and motor skill behavior assays. In combination with previous studies, a role of the motor cortex in skill learning and the impairment of this ability with the loss of dopamine are becoming more apparent. Taken together, we conclude with a discussion on the potential role for the motor cortex in PD, with the possibility of targeting the motor cortex for future PD therapeutics. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
High‐speed whole‐brain oximetry by golden‐angle radial MRI
Authors: Cao Wen , Chang Yulin V. , Englund Erin K. , Song Hee Kwon , Barhoum Suliman , Rodgers Zachary B. , Langham Michael C. , Wehrli Felix W. 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo determine whole‐brain cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), an improved imaging approach, based on radial encoding, termed radial OxFlow (rOxFlow), was developed to simultaneously quantify draining vein venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) and total cerebral blood flow (tCBF).MethodsTo evaluate the efficiency and precision of the rOxFlow sequence, 10 subjects were studied during a paradigm of repeated breath‐holds with both rOxFlow and Cartesian OxFlow (cOxFlow) sequences. CMRO2 was calculated at baseline from OxFlow‐measured data assuming an arterial O2 saturation of 97%, and the SvO2 and tCBF breath‐hold responses were quantified.ResultsAverage neurometabolic‐vascular parameters across the 10 subjects for cOxFlow and rOxFlow were, respectively: SvO2 (%) baseline: 64.6 ± 8.0 versus 64.2 ± 6.6; SvO2 peak: 70.5 ± 8.5 versus 72.6 ± 5.4; tCBF (mL/min/100 g) baseline: 39.2 ± 3.8 versus 40.6 ± 8.0; tCBF peak: 53.2 ± 5.1 versus 56.1 ± 11.7; CMRO2 (µmol O2/min/100 g) baseline: 111.5 ± 26.8 versus 120.1 ± 19.6. The above measures were not significantly different between sequences (P > 0.05).ConclusionThere was good agreement between the two methods in terms of the physiological responses measured. Comparing the two, rOxFlow provided higher temporal resolution and greater flexibility for reconstruction while maintaining high SNR. Magn Reson Med 79:217–223, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Extraneural findings during peripheral nerve ultrasound: Prevalence and further assessment
Authors: Bignotti Bianca , Zaottini Federico , Airaldi Sonia , Martinoli Carlo , Tagliafico Alberto 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In this study we evaluated the frequency and further assessment of extraneural findings encountered during peripheral nerve ultrasound (US). Methods: Our retrospective review identified 278 peripheral nerve US examinations of 229 patients performed between December 2014 and December 2015. Reports were reviewed to assess the number of studies without peripheral nerve abnormalities and the frequency and further assessment of extraneural findings. Results: A total of 107 peripheral nerve US examinations of 90 patients (49 men and 41 women, mean age 55 ± 16 years) did not report peripheral nerve abnormalities. Extraneural findings were observed in 24 of 107 (22.4%) studies. Fifteen of the 278 [5.4% (95% confidence interval 2.7%–8.1%)] studies led to a recommendation for additional imaging or clinical evaluation of an extraneural finding. Discussion: At least 5.4% (15 of 278) of peripheral nerve US studies led to additional clinical or imaging assessment. Muscle Nerve 57: 65–69, 2018
Childhood body mass index and development of type 2 diabetes throughout adult life—A large‐scale danish cohort study
Authors: Zimmermann Esther , Bjerregaard Lise G. , Gamborg Michael , Vaag Allan A. , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. , Baker Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThis study investigated how a wide spectrum of body mass index (BMI) values at ages 7 to 13 years are associated with type 2 diabetes throughout adulthood, including potential modifying effects of sex and birth weight.MethodsFrom the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, 292,827 individuals, born between 1930 and 1989, were followed in national registers for type 2 diabetes (women, n = 7,472; men, n = 11,548). Heights and weights were measured at ages 7 to 13 years.ResultsBelow‐average BMIs, with few exceptions, were not associated with type 2 diabetes. Above‐average BMIs had positive associations that were stronger in women than men, stronger in younger birth cohorts, and weaker with older age at diagnosis. Women born 1930‐1947, 1948‐1965, and 1966‐1983 with above‐average BMIs at 13 years (≥18.2 kg/m2) had hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) ranging from 2.12 (1.91‐2.36) to 2.84 (2.31‐3.49) per z score when diagnosed at 30 to 47 years. Birth weight did not modify these associations.ConclusionsChildhood BMIs below average are not associated with type 2 diabetes, whereas childhood BMIs above average are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in adulthood, corresponding to excess risks even at levels below international definitions of overweight. The associations are stronger in women than men but are not affected by birth weight.
Plasma MicroRNA signature predicting weight gain among Mexican‐American women
Authors: Zhao Hua , Shen Jie , Daniel‐MacDougall Carrie , Wu Xifeng , Chow Wong‐Ho 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThere is growing evidence that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in obesity. However, whether they can contribute to adult weight gain is still unclear.MethodsIn the training set with 40 nonsmoking, healthy women identified from the Mano‐A‐Mano Mexican American Cohort study, global circulating miRNA profiles in plasma samples were assessed. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the effects of plasma miRNAs on significant weight gain during a 5‐year follow‐up. Plasma miRNAs associated with significant weight gain were further validated in two testing sets (N = 160 and 100, respectively).ResultsA total of 23 significant plasma miRNAs were identified in the training set. Among them, eight were validated in two testing sets. They were miR‐142, miR‐122, miR‐125b, miR‐15b, miR‐130b, miR222, miR‐519d, and miR‐31. Using those eight miRNAs, a risk score for significant weight gain was created. Study participants with a high risk score had 3.01‐fold increased risk of having significant weight gain in the whole study population (hazard ratio: 3.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.70‐5.47).ConclusionsThe findings provide evidence that circulating miRNAs play important roles in obesity and weight gain and suggest new targets for understanding the mechanisms of weight gain and developing weight loss intervention strategies.
Degradation of poly(β‐amino ester) gels in alcohols through transesterification: Method to conjugate drugs to polymer matrices
Authors: Gupta Prachi , Lacerda Caroline , Patil Vinod S. , Biswal Dipti , Wattamwar Paritosh , Zach Hilt J. , Dziubla Thomas D. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(β amino ester) (PβAE) polymers have received growing attention in the literature, owing to their ease of synthesis, versatile co‐monomer selection, and highly tunable degradation kinetics. As such, they have shown extensive potential in many biomedical applications as well. In this work, it is demonstrated for the first time that PβAE polymers containing primary and secondary amine groups can undergo degradation by primary alcohols via transesterification mechanism. While this work emphasizes an important aspect of solvent compatibility of these networks, it also represents an interesting, simple mechanism for post synthesis drug incorporation, with riboflavin conjugation being demonstrated as a model compound. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2019–2026
Particle plasmon‐induced charge trapping at heterointerfaces in PCDTBT:PC70BM blends
Authors: Dou Fei , Small Cephas , Provencher Francoise , Ferreira Jason , Wang Xuhua , Rezasoltani Elham , Liu Hongmei , Zhang Xinping 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTWe investigate the influence of particle plasmons on exciton and charge generation and recombination processes in the blend of poly (9‐(1‐octylnonyl)‐9H‐carbazole‐benzothiadiazole‐4,7‐diyl‐2,5‐thiophenediyl) (PCDTBT) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C70butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM). The particle plasmons are generated from gold nanoparticles, which are embedded into PCDTBT:PC70BM blend. For the blend with gold nanoparticles, we observe enhance light harvesting. Despite the enhanced light collection, we find that the quasi‐steady‐state charge generation has not been influenced by the particle plasmons. However, the generation and recombination of long‐lived (sub‐millisecond) polaron paris have been significantly enhanced: from untrapped state in the pristine blend to the trapped state in the gold nanoparticle‐embedded blend. This result implies that the plasmon‐influenced polarons are trapped at the broadband geminate polaron pair (GPP) state. This state acts as an intermediate state, which either leads to the formation of charge transfer excitons (CTXs) or free charge carriers. In our case, the particle plasmon‐influenced polarons are trapped in the GPP state, which leads to the formation of CTXs. For this reason, we do not observe the enhanced charge generation in PCDTBT:PC70BM blend with particle plasmon resonance. Finally, we revealed that the long‐lived polarons mainly resulted from the localization by particle plasmons. The macroscopic modification in the blend film made negligible contributions to this influence. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 940–947
Formation of DNA pearl‐necklace structures on mica surface governed by kinetics and thermodynamics
Authors: Xi Bo , Ran Shi‐Yong 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTPolyelectrolytes (PEs) possibly occur in the form of a pearl‐necklace structure in poor solvents. This structure, characterized by the form of segregated beads connected by narrow strings, has been extensively studied by scaling analysis and computer simulation, and was believed to be formed by the Rayleigh instability mechanism. However, the structure has not been experimentally well studied, and a complete experimental picture on the necklace formation is still not available. In this study, pearl‐necklace structures of DNA induced by different condensing agents are observed by atomic force microscopy. The results show that the formation of a pearl‐necklace conformation is highly dependent on kinetic factors such as incubation time and thermodynamic factors including the concentration and condensing ability of the agent. If the incubation time is sufficiently short, this conformation can exist as an intermediate state of the DNA coil–globule transition. When agents with weaker crowding effect or screening ability are added, the structure appeared to be thermodynamically stable. The same effect was observed in rather low concentrations of agent. A rods‐on‐a‐string structure, unlike the common characterized spherical beads‐on‐a‐string conformation, was observed and was believed to result from the stiffness of DNA. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 971–979
Coral reef atoll assessment in the South China Sea using Planet Dove satellites
Authors: Asner Gregory P. , Martin Roberta E. , Mascaro Joseph 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCoral reefs of the Spratly archipelago in the South China Sea are undergoing rapid transformation through military base and outpost development, destructive fishing practices and other factors. Despite increasing pressure on the ecologically unique reefs throughout this region, limited direct access to them has made it difficult to monitor reef cover. A new constellation of satellite imaging sensors, called Planet Dove, provides 3–5 m resolution monitoring of Earth on a daily time step, potentially offering a way to monitor changes in reef extent on a rapid repeat basis. We tested the accuracy of Planet Dove data for coral reef and seagrass mapping at an intensively studied atoll in the Spratly archipelago, and then applied the resulting approach to the atolls currently undergoing rapid change in the region. Compared to underwater photographic surveys, we found that unsupervised classification of Planet Dove imagery provided a 92% average accuracy in detecting the extent of shallow coral reef, observable portions of deep coral reef and sand. Dove data were deemed not sufficiently useful for separating different types of shallow reef or seagrass beds. Applying the 3‐class mapping approach to 19 atolls throughout the region, we found that two‐thirds of currently occupied atolls have proportionally less shallow reef cover than unoccupied atolls. Frequent satellite‐based updates of atolls and islands in the Spratly archipelago could advance international discussion on conservation in the South China Sea.
Evaluating alternative DaaS solutions in private and public OpenStack Clouds
Authors: Celesti Antonio , Mulfari Davide , Fazio Maria , Puliafito Antonio , Villari Massimo 
Published: March 2017

SummaryNowadays, remote desktop technologies are widely used to control remote computers. In this context, more and more Desktop as a Service (DaaS) solutions that allow users to directly control Virtual Machines through HTML5 web applications are emerging. However, currently, DaaS is at an early stage because several issues have to be addressed. In this paper, we aim to provide software architects a 360‐degree study on the major web‐based remote desktop client systems for the development of next generation DaaS solutions in both OpenStack‐based private and public Clouds. In particular, we compare and test different native and customized web‐based remote desktop solutions, specifically focusing on audio and video redirection performances in both Cloud environments. Exhaustive experiments highlight, from an objective point of view, the behavior of different DaaS solutions, providing useful hints to software architects and developers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interfacial Dynamic Properties and Dilational Rheology of Sulfonate Gemini Surfactant and its Mixtures with Quaternary Ammonium Bromides at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Lai Lu , Mei Ping , Wu Xiao‐Mei , Cheng Li , Ren Zhao‐Hua , Liu Yi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe dynamic interfacial properties and dilational rheology of gemini sulfonate surfactant (SGS) and its mixtures with quaternary ammonium bromides (DTAB, CTAB) at the air–water interface were investigated using drop shape analysis. Results suggest that the adsorption process of these surfactants is diffusion‐controlled at dilute concentrations, whereas the adsorption mechanism gradually shifts to a mixed kinetic‐diffusion control with increasing surfactant concentration. The mixed surfactant system possesses the best surface activity when the molar ratios of SGS/DTAB and SGS/CTAB mixtures are 9:10. The formation of catanionic complexes shields the electrostatic repulsion between surfactant molecules and lowers the electrostatic adsorption barrier. Therefore, SGS/DTAB and SGS/CTAB mixtures exhibit higher adsorption rates than either component alone. The effects of oscillating frequency and surfactant concentration on the surface dilational properties of SGS, DTAB, CTAB, SGS/DTAB, and SGS/CTAB mixtures were also determined. As the oscillating frequency increases, the dilational elasticity of these surfactants gradually increases. The dilational elasticity peaks at a certain concentration, which is less than the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Results show that the dilational elasticity of SGS/DTAB and SGS/CTAB mixtures is higher than that of either component, resulting from the formation of a denser monomolecular adsorption layer at the air–water interface. Our study provides a basis for understanding the interaction mechanism of catanionic surfactant mixtures containing Gemini surfactant at the air–water interface.
Analysis of the Effects of Hydrocarbon Chain on Foam Properties of Alkyl Polyglycosides
Authors: Zhou Yawen , Wang Shan , Lv Mengdie , Niu Jinping , Xu Baocai 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe influence of surfactant structure on foam properties of different alkyl polyglycosides (APGs) in aqueous solutions was studied. Foamability, foam stability, and foam morphology were analyzed using the FoamScan method. Results showed that the foamability, foam stability, and the liquid carrying ability of long‐chain APGs are higher than those of short‐chain APGs. Foam morphology analysis showed that the foam produced by short‐chain APGs is more unstable than the foam generated by long‐chain APGs. Long‐chain APGs have stronger intermolecular cohesion force, stringency, and ductility than short‐chain APGs.