bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N6-methyladenine is an epigenetic marker of mammalian early life stress
Authors: Kigar Stacey L. , Chang Liza , Guerrero Candace R. , Sehring Jacqueline R. , Cuarenta Amelia , Parker Laurie L. , Bakshi Vaishali P. , Auger Anthony P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecent evidence described 6-methyladenine (6 mA) as a novel epigenetic regulator in a variety of multicellular species, including rodents; however, its capacity to influence gene expression in the mammalian brain remains unknown. We examined if 6 mA is present and regulated by early life stress associated with predator odor exposure (POE) within the developing rat amygdala. Our results provide evidence that 6 mA is present in the mammalian brain, is altered within the Htr2a gene promoter by early life stress and biological sex, and increased 6 mA is associated with gene repression. These data suggest that methylation of adenosine within mammalian DNA may be used as an additional epigenetic biomarker for investigating the development of stress-induced neuropathology.
Worsened outcome in patients with pancreatic ductal carcinoma on long-term diabetes: association with E-cadherin1 (CDH1) promoter methylation
Authors: Saito Takeshi , Mizukami Hiroki , Umetsu Satoko , Uchida Chiaki , Inaba Wataru , Abe Makoto , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Kudo Kazuhiro , Itabashi Chieko , Yagihashi Soroku , Hakamada Kenichi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPrevalence of pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDC) is nearly twice in patients with diabetes mellitus, but the reason for this close association remains obscure. Recently promoter methylation of E-cadherin1 (CDH1) and CDKN2A genes, encoding E-cadherin and P16 respectively, are invoked in development of PDC. It is still unclear whether diabetes affects such epigenetic changes and malignant behavior in PDC. In this study, we studied whether diabetes influences the clinico-pathological profile and methylation status of CDH1 and CDKN2A genes in patients with PDC. PDC subjects were divided into 3 groups; 59 cases without diabetes (non-DM), 17 cases with short-term diabetes (short-DM)(diabetes duration 3 yrs>) and 33 cases with long-term diabetes (long-DM)(≧3 yrs). Compared to non-DM or short-DM, long-DM was associated with a higher histological grade of malignancy and a higher tumor stage. Promoter methylation of both CDH1 and CDKN2A was encountered more frequently in PDC patients with long-DM than non-DM or short DM. Cases with CDH1 promoter methylation showed reduced E-cadherin expression and worsened survival. We consider that the presence of long-DM has a negative impact on the prognosis of PDC patients which may be relevant to a high frequency of promoter methylation of CDH1.
Electron beam induced removal of PMMA layer used for graphene transfer
Authors: Son B. H. , Kim H. S. , Jeong H. , Park Ji-Yong , Lee Soonil , Ahn Y. H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate the development of an effective technique to remove the poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) layer used for transferring graphene synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This was achieved utilizing electron-beam bombardment and following developing processes, prior to the use of conventional organic solvents. Field-effect transistors were fabricated on the transferred graphene in order to explore their Dirac points and carrier motilities in the ambient condition - the results were then compared with those from the conventional wet chemical treatment. It was found that the Dirac points were located close to the zero gate bias when compared to those from the acetone and the acetic acid treatments. Most significantly, the field-effect mobility reached as high as 6770 cm2/Vs and 7350 cm2/Vs on average for holes and electrons, respectively, which is more than seven times improvement in comparison to conventional acetone treatments for CVD-grown graphene devices.
Analysis of ENSO’s response to unforced variability and anthropogenic forcing using CESM
Authors: Vega-Westhoff Benjamin , Sriver Ryan L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUnderstanding how the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may change with climate is a major challenge, given the internal variability of the system and relatively short observational record. Here we analyze the effect of coupled internal variability on changes in ENSO under anthropogenic global warming using the Community Earth System Model (CESM). We present results from a ~5000 year control run with constant pre-industrial conditions and a 50-member climate change ensemble experiment, consisting of historical hindcasts (1850–2005) and future projections to 2100 following representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5). Given this large single-model ensemble, we are able to use simple statistical analyses to compare the effects of anthropogenic climate change with the effects of natural modulations in ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) metrics, as well as how internal variability may change with global warming. Changes in eastern Pacific ENSO SST metrics due to climate change are secondary to the model’s natural modulations; however, central Pacific ENSO amplitude significantly decreases, to an extent comparable with natural modulations. We also assess the sensitivity of internal variability estimates to ensemble size. The primary role of natural modulations in this ensemble highlights the importance of careful assessment of ocean-atmosphere internal variability in ENSO projections.
Environmental conditions during winter predict age- and sex-specific differences in reproductive success of a trans-Saharan migratory bird
Authors: López-Calderón C. , Hobson K. A. , Marzal A. , Balbontín J. , Reviriego M. , Magallanes S. , García-Longoria L. , de Lope F. , Møller Anders P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have linked winter habitat with subsequent breeding phenology and physical condition of migratory birds, but few have found delayed effects of winter habitat on subsequent reproductive success. The aim of this study was to test if African winter habitat is related to subsequent reproductive success of house martins (Delichon urbicum) breeding at a colony in Spain. We measured stable isotope (δ2H, δ13C, δ15N) values from feathers moulted in West Africa and used confirmatory path analysis to test if isotopic values of winter-grown feathers were related to reproductive success through the mediation of breeding phenology and body condition. We conducted separate analyses for males, females and age classes (yearlings vs ≥ 2 years old). Experienced males wintering in habitats of higher rainfall (as inferred from lower feather δ2H values) were in better body condition and produced more offspring during the subsequent breeding season. In contrast, we did not find any effect of winter habitat on reproductive success of young males or females. These findings provide evidence consistent with a complex causal link between winter habitat quality and subsequent breeding success of long-distance migratory songbirds.
Alternating-magnetic-field induced enhancement of diffusivity in Ni-Cr alloys
Authors: Li Chuanjun , He Shengya , Engelhardt Hannes , Zhan Tongjun , Xuan Weidong , Li Xi , Zhong Yunbo , Ren Zhongming , Rettenmayr Markus 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFor applying an alternating magnetic field (AMF) in materials processing it is of high significance to understand the physical mechanisms behind the change in diffusivity in the AMF. In this work, the effect of the AMF on interdiffusion in a Ni-Cr alloy was investigated with a diffusion couple. The interdiffusion coefficient was found to increase with increasing AMF intensity. The faster diffusivity is a consequence of the enhancement of the dislocation density in the diffusion couples that was confirmed by the broadening of X-ray diffraction peaks. The higher dislocation density is attributed to the magnetoplastic effect (MPE). Theoretical considerations on the relation of MPE, dislocation density and diffusivity are in agreement with the experimental results.
The stringent response promotes biofilm dispersal in Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Díaz-Salazar Carlos , Calero Patricia , Espinosa-Portero Rocío , Jiménez-Fernández Alicia , Wirebrand Lisa , Velasco-Domínguez María G. , López-Sánchez Aroa , Shingler Victoria , Govantes Fernando 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBiofilm dispersal is a genetically programmed response enabling bacterial cells to exit the biofilm in response to particular physiological or environmental conditions. In Pseudomonas putida biofilms, nutrient starvation triggers c-di-GMP hydrolysis by phosphodiesterase BifA, releasing inhibition of protease LapG by the c-di-GMP effector protein LapD, and resulting in proteolysis of the adhesin LapA and the subsequent release of biofilm cells. Here we demonstrate that the stringent response, a ubiquitous bacterial stress response, is accountable for relaying the nutrient stress signal to the biofilm dispersal machinery. Mutants lacking elements of the stringent response – (p)ppGpp sythetases [RelA and SpoT] and/or DksA – were defective in biofilm dispersal. Ectopic (p)ppGpp synthesis restored biofilm dispersal in a ∆relA ∆spoT mutant. In vivo gene expression analysis showed that (p)ppGpp positively regulates transcription of bifA, and negatively regulates transcription of lapA and the lapBC, and lapE operons, encoding a LapA-specific secretion system. Further in vivo and in vitro characterization revealed that the PbifA promoter is dependent on the flagellar σ factor FliA, and positively regulated by ppGpp and DksA. Our results indicate that the stringent response stimulates biofilm dispersal under nutrient limitation by coordinately promoting LapA proteolysis and preventing de novo LapA synthesis and secretion.
ALMA view of RX J1131-1231: Sub-kpc CO (2-1) mapping of a molecular disk in a lensed star-forming quasar host galaxy
Authors: Paraficz D. , Rybak M. , McKean J. P. , Vegetti S. , Sluse D. , Courbin F. , Stacey H. R. , Suyu S. H. , Dessauges-Zavadsky M. , Fassnacht C. D. , Koopmans L. V. E. 
Published: December 2017

We present ALMA 2-mm continuum and CO (2-1) spectral line imaging of the gravitationally lensed z = 0.654 star-forming/quasar composite RX J1131-1231 at 240–400 mas angular resolution. The continuum emission is found to be compact and coincident with the optical emission, whereas the molecular gas forms a complete Einstein ring, which shows strong differential magnification. The de-lensed source structure is determined on 400-parsec-scales resolution using a Bayesian pixelated visibility-fitting lens modelling technique. The reconstructed molecular gas velocity-field is consistent with a large rotating disk with a major-axis FWHM ~9.4 kpc at an inclination angle of i = 54° and with a maximum rotational velocity of 280 km s−1. From dynamical model fitting we find an enclosed mass within 5 kpc of M(r < 5 kpc) = (1.46 ± 0.31) × 1011 M⊙. The molecular gas distribution is highly structured, with clumps that are co-incident with higher gas velocity dispersion regions (40–50 km s−1) and with the intensity peaks in the optical emission, which are associated with sites of on-going turbulent star-formation. The peak in the CO (2-1) distribution is not co-incident with the AGN, where there is a paucity of molecular gas emission, possibly due to radiative feedback from the central engine. The intrinsic molecular gas luminosity is L′CO = 1.2 ± 0.3 × 1010 K km s−1 pc2 and the inferred gas mass is MH2 = 8.3 ± 3.0 × 1010 M⊙, which given the dynamical mass of the system is consistent with a CO–H2 conversion factor of α = 5.5 ± 2.0 M⊙ (K km s−1 pc2)−1. This suggests that the star-formation efficiency is dependent on the host galaxy morphology as opposed to the nature of the AGN. The far-infrared continuum spectral energy distribution shows evidence for heated dust, equivalent to an obscured star-formation rate of SFR = 69−25+41 × (7.3/μIR) M⊙ yr−1, which demonstrates the composite star-forming and AGN nature of this system.
A De Novo Xp11.23 Duplication in a Girl with a Severe Phenotype: Expanding the Clinical Spectrum
Authors: Arican Pinar , Cavusoglu Dilek , Gencpinar Pinar , Ozyilmaz Berk , Ozdemir Taha , Dundar Nihal 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Xp11.22–p11.23 duplication syndrome was described in 2009 by Giorda et al and is characterized by intellectual disability, speech delay, and electroencephalography anomalies. We report a case of a 23-month-old girl who presented with epilepsy and global developmental delay and who had a small duplication at Xp11.23. The case we present here is the first case showing the clinical features of Xp11.22–p11.23 duplication syndrome only involving synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint (SSX) genes: SSX1, SSX3, SSX4, and SSX9. This case report contributes to an expanding clinical spectrum of Xp11.22–p11.23 duplication syndrome.
Pen Cap Aspirations: Maneuvering for Successful Extraction
Authors: Rao Suhith , Mahajan Jai 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAim of this study was to analyze the therapeutic approach with enhanced success of bronchoscopy. We retrospectively analyzed the results of bronchoscopic extraction of pen cap aspirations in our unit from 2000 to 2014. Out of 239 bronchoscopies performed for foreign bodies in airways, there were 8 cases of pen cap aspirations. All 8 were males and age ranged from 5 to 11 years. Seven cases had definitive history, while one patient had a history of chronic respiratory ailment. The foreign bodies were lodged in right and left bronchi in four cases each and seven had their open-end toward the proximal airways. Bronchoscopic extraction was successful in seven patients. The maneuver of rotating the optical forceps by 90 degrees so as to align the pen cap with the vocal cords resulted in success in all the cases. One patient underwent thoracotomy and bronchotomy for removal. Pen cap aspirations occur in school-going children. Aligning the optical forceps with vocal cords during extraction avoids the need for tracheostomy or thoracotomy.
Subthalamic Nucleus: Neuroanatomical Review
Authors: Magalhães Marcelo José Silva de , Reis Claudiojanes dos , Sousa Juliana Rabelo da Silva , Marques Victória Souza , Gonçalves Tayná Cardoso , Ribeiro Iara Cristina Vieira , Cardoso Leide Daiana Silveira , Guimarães Victor Caribé Crosland , Marques Frederico Gustavo de Souza , Pereira Sarah Dias 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDiscovered in 1865 by Jules Bernard Luys, the subthalamic nucleus is a set of small nuclei located in the diencephalon, inferior to the thalamus and superior to the substantia nigra, that can be visualized in a posterior coronal section. Histologically, it consists of neurons compactly distributed and filled with a large number of blood vessels and sparse myelinated fibers. This review presents an analysis of this anatomical region, considering what is most recent in the literature. Subthalamic neurons are excitatory and use glutamate as the neurotransmitter. In healthy individuals, these neurons are inhibited by nerve cells located in the side globus pallidus. However, if the fibers that make up the afferent circuit are damaged, the neurons become highly excitable, thus causing motor disturbances that can be classified as hyperkinetic, for example ballism and chorea, or hypokinetic, for example Parkinson disease (PD). The advent of deep brain stimulation has given the subthalamic nucleus great visibility. Studies reveal that the stimulation of this nucleus improves the motor symptoms of PD.
A Systematic Review of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma in Urogynaecology
Authors: Combaz-Söhnchen Nina , Kuhn Annette 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMycoplasma species relevant to the urogenital tract include mycoplasma hominis, mycoplasma genitalia and ureaplasma urealyticum. Their occurrence in the context of urogynaecological disease has been demonstrated in urethritis, cystitis and upper renal tract infections. Their role in hyperactive bladder and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome is controversial. All the above-mentioned microorganisms can occur as commensals or as potential pathogens. In most cases their role in any particular pathology cannot be proven, only presumed. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise current knowledge on the influence of mycoplasma and ureaplasma in urogynaecological pathology and to provide clinical guidance on diagnosis (when and how is pathogen detection indicated?) and treatment. 377 relevant articles were analysed. In summary: a urethral swab for PCR analysis of the three bacteria should be performed in the context of symptomatic sterile leukocyturia, chronic urethritis and suspected hyperactive bladder or interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Symptomatic women should be treated strictly according to results of the antibiogram.
Bewegungstherapie der oberen Extremitäten mit einem Roboterball bei Schlaganfallpatienten – Ergebnisse einer randomisierten kontrollierten Crossover-Studie
Authors: Neuendorf Tilo , Zschäbitz Daniel , Nitzsche Nico , Schulz Henry 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der Schlaganfall ist für die betroffenen Patienten häufig mit motorischen Einschränkungen der oberen Extremitäten verbunden. Ein Ziel der anschließenden Rehabilitation ist die möglichst selbstständige Bewältigung der vielfältigen Aufgaben des täglichen Lebens. Neue Therapieverfahren nutzen verschiedene Hardwarekomponenten, um digitale Therapieinhalte umzusetzen. Diese können eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zu etablierten Standardverfahren darstellen.
Ziel der Arbeit In dieser Studie soll der Effekt eines innovativen bewegungstherapeutischen Therapiekonzepts mit einem Roboterball auf motorische Parameter bei Schlaganfallpatienten überprüft werden.
Material und Methoden An der Crossover-Studie nahmen 25 Patienten (60,0 ± 10,0 Jahre, 172,5 ± 13,8 cm, 79,5 ± 13,8 kg, 89,8 ± 72,6 Monate post-stroke) teil. Der Interventions- sowie der Kontrollzeitraum umfassten jeweils 12 Wochen. Das Training mit dem Roboterball erfolgte als Ergänzung zur Standardtherapie zweimal pro Woche für jeweils 45 min. Verschiedene spielerische Inhalte wurden mithilfe von einem Tablet und einem Smartphone durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Die isometrische Greifkraft konnte um 4,5 ± 3,6 kg (p = 0,000) erhöht werden. Die unilaterale Geschicklichkeit im Roundblock-Test verbesserte sich um 7,5 ± 6,3 gültige Versuche (p = 0,000). Die durch den QuickDASH-Fragebogen erhobene subjektive Gesundheitswahrnehmung der Patienten verbesserte sich um 12,4 ± 13,0 Punkte (p = 0,001).
Diskussion Die zusätzliche Therapie mit dem Roboterball konnte die Funktionsfähigkeit der oberen Extremitäten bei chronischen Schlaganfallpatienten verbessern sowie deren subjektive Gesundheitswahrnehmung positiv beeinflussen. Hingegen stagnierte die Leistungsfähigkeit bei alleiniger Standardtherapie. Moderat betroffene Patienten profitierten am stärksten. Sehr stark ausgeprägte motorische oder kognitive Symptomatik führte teilweise zum Dropout. Die Ergebnisse sollten mit größeren Stichproben verifiziert werden.
Comparison of Long and Short High-Intensity Interval Exercise Bouts on Running Performance, Physiological and Perceptual Responses
Authors: Valstad Sverre , von Heimburg Erna , Welde Boye , van den Tillaar Roland 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study compared the effects of long (4×4 min) and short intervals (4×8×20 s) of high-intensity interval exercise bouts (HIIT) on running performance, physiological and perceptual responses, and excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). Twelve healthy college students (8 men, 4 women; mean age=22±2 years) performed long (90–95% of peak heart rate) and short intervals (maximal intensity) of high-intensity training (running on a non-motorized treadmill) with the same total duration on separate days. The total volume of consumed oxygen during recovery was the same in both cases (P=0.21), whereas the short intervals of high-intensity training were performed at a faster mean running velocity (3.5±0.18 vs. 2.95±0.07 m/s) and at a lower RPEbreath compared with the long intervals of high-intensity training. The blood lactate concentration also tended to be lower during the short intervals of high-intensity training, indicating that short-interval training was perceived to be easier than long-interval training, even though the cardiovascular and metabolic responses are similar. Furthermore, EPOC lasted significantly longer (83.4±3.2 vs. 61.3±27.9 min, P=0.016) and tended to be higher (8.02±4.22=vs. 5.70±3.75 L O2, P=0.053) after short intervals than after long intervals of training.
Intimate constraints: a feminist political economy analysis of biological reproduction and parenting in high-support housing in Ontario
Authors: Haley Tobin LeBlanc 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTo date there has been little consideration of the role of housing programs in conditioning the intimate lives of people living with mental illness labels. This article employs a Feminist Political Economy lens with insights from Mad & Disability Studies to interrogate the intimate constraints experienced by some residents in high-support mental health housing in Ontario, Canada. It demonstrates that long-standing medicalized notions of mental illness and system-wide anxiety over the social and financial costs of the reproduction of disabled bodies give rise to these intimate constraints, specifically limitations and control over biological reproduction and parenting practices. In this way, the mechanisms of intimate constraint within high-support housing are not merely holdovers from a time gone by, but are rather part of a mental health care system guided by the principles of neoliberalism under which neo-eugenics is regularly enacted. This is a timely contribution, as the province of Ontario is currently planning to expand the supportive housing system within which high-support housing is situated and because high-support housing in Ontario is rarely studied in relation to feminist political economy and/or mental health care. This article draws on documentary review of governmental and third-sector materials and 38 semi-structured interviews with service providers and residents in the high-support housing system in Ontario. It situates intimate constraints within the long history of eugenics and neo-eugenics in Ontario and Canada, and the classed, raced, and gendered hierarchy of human bodies that is taking on new forms under neoliberalism.
Gender disparities in colloquium speakers at top universities
Authors: Nittrouer Christine L. , Hebl Michelle R. , Ashburn-Nardo Leslie , Trump-Steele Rachel C. E. , Lane David M. , Valian Virginia 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Recently, research has focused on identifying gender gatekeepers—people or practices that may (unintentionally) engage in, create, or maintain gender disparities. In the current research, we examine gender differences in academic colloquium speakers. Colloquium talks lead to enhancement of a researcher’s reputation, networks, research collaborations, and sometimes result in job offers. Results from our three studies indicate that women are underrepresented relative to men as colloquium speakers across six disciplines. To examine the role of self-selection, we find that women neither decline talk invitations at greater rates nor question the importance of talks more than men do. Finally, we show that the presence of women as colloquium chairs (and potentially committee members) increases the likelihood of having female colloquium speakers.