bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between atopic dermatitis and hand eczema: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ruff S.M.D. , Engebretsen K.A. , Zachariae C. , Johansen J.D. , Silverberg J.I. , Egeberg A. , Thyssen J.P. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) and hand eczema (HE) are common chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin conditions that often co-occur.ObjectivesWhile several studies have addressed their relationship, the exact association estimate is unknown.MethodsWe systematically reviewed published literature on the association between AD and HE in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science using the following search terms: (atopic dermatitis OR atopic eczema) AND (hand dermatitis OR hand eczema). Meta-analyses were then performed to examine the association between AD and the point, 1-year and lifetime prevalence of HE, respectively.ResultsWe identified 35 relevant studies, of which 26 were included in the meta-analyses. AD was associated with an increased prevalence of HE with regard to point [odds ratio (OR) 2·35; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·47–3·76], 1-year (OR 4·29; 95% CI 3·13–5·88) and lifetime prevalence (OR 4·06; 95% CI 2·72–6·06). Furthermore, positive associations between AD and occupational HE were identified when assessing the 1-year (OR 4·31; 95% CI 2·08–8·91) and lifetime prevalence (OR 2·81; 95% CI 2·08–3·79). Similar positive associations were found in the general population studies, i.e. OR 4·19 (95% CI 3·46–5·08) and OR 5·69 (95% CI 4·41–7·36).ConclusionsImportant study limitations include the wide use of questionnaire studies, and lack of prospective studies as well as poor clinical phenotype descriptions. In conclusion, our systematic review and meta-analysis showed that patients with AD had a strongly increased prevalence of HE. Clinicians should continue to guide patients with AD away from occupations with a high risk of HE.
Is There a Downside to Anticipating the Upside? Children's and Adults’ Reasoning About How Prior Expectations Shape Future Emotions
Authors: Lara Karen Hjortsvang , Lagattuta Kristin Hansen , Kramer Hannah J. 
Published: November 2017

Four‐ to 10‐year‐olds and adults (N = 205) responded to vignettes involving three individuals with different expectations (high, low, and no) for a future event. Participants judged characters’ pre‐outcome emotions, as well as predicted and explained their feelings following three events (positive, attenuated, and negative). Although adults rated high‐expectation characters more negatively than low‐expectation characters after all outcomes, children shared this intuition starting at 6–7 years for negative outcomes, 8–10 years for attenuated, and never for positive. Comparison to baseline (no expectation) indicated that understanding the costs of high expectations emerges first and remains more robust across age than recognition that low expectations carry benefits. Explanation analyses further clarified this developing awareness about the relation between thoughts and emotions over time.
Coincidence of pollen season with the first fetal trimester together with early pet exposure is associated with sensitization to cat and dog allergens in early childhood: A Finnish population‐based study
Authors: Pyrhönen K. , Kulmala P. , Näyhä S. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundChildren whose 11th fetal week falls in pollen season (spring) reportedly have an increased risk of sensitization to food allergens. No such finding has been reported for pet allergens.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to (i) evaluate the incidence of pet (dog and cat) sensitization according to the season of the 11th fetal week and (ii) whether the association between pet exposure and respective sensitization is modified by the coincidence of the 11th fetal week with pollen season.MethodsThe study population comprised all children (born between 2001 and 2006) in the province of South Karelia, Finland (N = 5920). Their data of immunoglobulin E antibodies and skin prick tests to pet allergens (N = 538) were collected from patient records and linked with questionnaire data on pet exposure.ResultsThe seasonal incidence peak of cat sensitization was observed in children whose 11th fetal week occurred in June (7.4%) and that of dog sensitization in April (3.8%) and June (4.7%). The relative rate (RR) for cat sensitization was 2.92 (95% CI 1.40‐6.08) in children with cat exposure alone, 8.53 (4.07‐17.86) in children with cat and fetal pollen exposures and 0.61 (0.20‐1.83) in children exposed to pollen alone, compared with children without these exposures. The respective RRs for dog sensitization were 2.17 (1.13‐4.19), 4.40 (2.19‐8.83) and 1.65 (0.77‐3.53).Conclusions and clinical relevanceCoincidence of the first fetal trimester with pollen season strengthens the association between pet exposure and respective sensitization. Pollen exposure at early pregnancy may deviate immune system towards Th2‐type reactivity promoting development of specific allergy in case allergen exposure occurred. Therefore, primary prevention of allergic diseases may need to begin during early pregnancy.
Knockdown of ubiquitin D inhibits adipogenesis during the differentiation of porcine intramuscular and subcutaneous preadipocytes
Authors: Zhao Chen , Yao Xiangping , Chen Xiaochang , Wu Wenjing , Xi Fengxue , Yang Gongshe , Yu Taiyong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesIntramuscular fat (IMF) has a significant influence on porcine meat quality. Ubiquitin D (UBD) is involved in the management of diverse intracellular processes. However, its physiological functions in adipose cell differentiation and proliferation are still poorly defined.Materials and methodsIntramuscular and subcutaneous preadipocytes were isolated from the longissimus dorsi and neck subcutaneous deposits of Chinese native Guanzhong Black piglets (3‐5 days old), respectively. Lentivirus with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for UBD was applied to knockdown UBD expression. We used real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis to detect gene expression. Lipid droplets were dyed with Oil Red O, and cell proliferation was assessed using flow cytometry, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation and cell counting assays.ResultsLipogenesis through the Akt/mTOR pathway was inhibited when preadipocytes were transfected with UBD shRNA. The expression of adipogenic genes and the number of lipid droplets were obviously diminished. Moreover, repression of UBD attenuated cell proliferation. UBD downregulation resulted in cell cycle arrest because of a decreased proportion of S‐phase cells, and the expression of positive cell proliferation markers was significantly decreased.ConclusionThese observations illustrated that knockdown of UBD partially suppressed porcine intramuscular and subcutaneous preadipocyte adipogenesis through the Akt/mTOR signalling and inhibited cell proliferation, suggesting the essential role of UBD in the differentiation of preadipocytes.
Effect of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors on the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction
Authors: Szczepanik Amanda , Hulbert Amanda , Lee Hui‐Jie , Benedetti Clark , Snyder Laurie , Byrns Jennifer 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLung transplant recipients (LRs) have a reduced median 5‐year survival of approximately 55% primarily due to chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Statins have anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects that may facilitate CLAD prevention. This study sought to evaluate statin effect on CLAD development. Adult bilateral LRs from January 2004 to October 2013 were included. Statin group included recipients with early statin use and continued for minimum 6 months. Propensity score matching was performed for age, gender, and native lung disease to select matched nonstatin group. Competing risk approach was used to evaluate statin effect on CLAD development at 3 years while controlling for acute rejection and CMV pneumonitis. A total of 130 patients were included in each group. CLAD cumulative incidence at 3 years for statin and nonstatin groups was 20.6% (CI: 11.8%‐33.5%) and 22.4% (CI: 12.2%‐27.3%). Statin use was not associated with a decreased risk of CLAD (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.55‐1.59, P = .80) but was associated with a decreased risk of death (SHR: 0.45, CI: 0.22‐0.90, P = .024). At 3 years, patient survival was 81.7% in statin group and 68.3% in nonstatin group (P = .012). Statins did not significantly delay the time to development of CLAD in LR but did demonstrate a benefit in patient survival.
Patient‐reported outcome measures for young people with developmental disabilities: incorporation of design features to reduce cognitive demands
Authors: Schwartz Ariel E , Kramer Jessica M , Longo Angela L 
Published: November 2017

Use of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) may increase the involvement of young people with developmental disabilities in their healthcare decisions and healthcare‐related research. Young people with developmental disabilities may have difficulty completing PROMs because of extraneous assessment demands that require additional cognitive processes. However, PROM design features may mitigate the impact of these demands. We identified and evaluated six pediatric PROMs of self‐care and domestic life tasks for the incorporation of suggested design features that can reduce cognitive demands. PROMs incorporated an average of 6 out of 11 content, 7 out of 14 layout, and 2 out of 9 administration features. This critical review identified two primary gaps in PROM design: (1) examples and visuals were not optimized to reduce cognitive demands; and (2) administration features that support young people's motivation and self‐efficacy and reduce frustration were underutilized. Because assessment demands impact the validity of PROMs, clinicians should prospectively consider the impact of these demands when selecting PROMs and interpreting scores.What this paper adds

Patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) design features can reduce assessment demands related to cognitive processes.

Pediatric PROMs underutilize design features that decrease cognitive demands of self‐reporting.
Usefulness of left ventricular strain analysis in patients with takotsubo syndrome during acute phase
Authors: Dias Andre , Franco Emiliana , Rubio Manolo , Bhalla Vikas , Pressman Gregg S. , Amanullah Sarah , Hebert Kathy , Figueredo Vincent M. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundTakotsubo syndrome (TTS) is peculiar clinical condition often resembling an acute coronary syndrome and mostly affecting postmenopausal women after a stressful trigger. TTS was initially thought to be a relatively benign condition. However, current data have shown it may be associated with considerable inpatient morbidity and carry a small, but important, mortality risk.MethodsWe hypothesized that left ventricular (LV) regional and global longitudinal strain (GLS) assessed with 2D speckle tracking echocardiography could identify early systolic functional impairment and predict in‐hospital cardiovascular events. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study reviewing patients with the discharge diagnosis of TCM between 2003 and 2016 at our institution.ResultsOne hundred patients with TSS met the Modified Mayo Clinic criteria. Using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography, two independent cardiologists assessed the LV GLS as well as the longitudinal strain (LS) of 7 individual segments [basal‐septal (BS); mid‐septal (MS), apical‐septal (AS), apex, basal‐lateral (BL), mid‐lateral (ML), and apical‐lateral (AL)]. The inter‐observer variability was <5%. Mean age was 69.1 years, 87% were females, and 53% were African Americans. Mean initial LV EF was 32% ± 9.8%. In univariate analysis, patients with worse BL, ML, and GLS profiles (means: −5.7; −3.3, and −4, respectively) had higher in‐hospital mortality (P < .05). Worse BL and ML profiles (means: −8.6 and −7.3, respectively) were associated with higher prevalence of MACE (major adverse cardiovascular outcomes) (P < .05). In a multivariate analysis, mid‐lateral strain ≥ −7 and basolateral strain ≥ −10 were independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality and MACE + in‐hospital heart failure, respectively.ConclusionsAssessment of LV global and segmental longitudinal strain by speckle tracking has important prognostic value in the acute phase of TTS. Additional large‐scale studies will be needed to confirm our findings
Decreased platelet inhibition by P2Y12 receptor blockers in anaemia
Authors: Wadowski Patricia P. , Kopp Christoph W. , Koppensteiner Renate , Lang Irene M. , Pultar Joseph , Lee Silvia , Weikert Constantin , Panzer Simon , Gremmel Thomas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundAnaemic patients undergoing angioplasty and stenting are at an increased risk of ischaemic events, which may be caused by an inadequate response to antiplatelet therapy with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) P2Y12 inhibitors. In the current study, we investigated the associations between anaemia and on‐treatment platelet reactivity in clopidogrel‐treated (group 1, n = 306) and prasugrel‐/ticagrelor‐treated (group 2, n = 109) patients undergoing elective and acute angioplasty with stent implantation, respectively.Materials and methodsMonocyte‐platelet aggregate (MPA) formation was determined by flow cytometry in both groups. On‐treatment residual platelet reactivity in response to ADP was assessed by light transmission aggregometry (LTA) in both groups, and by the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay and the Impact‐R in group 1. P‐selectin expression was measured by flow cytometry in group 2.ResultsIn both groups, anaemia was associated with significantly higher MPA formation in response to ADP (both P ≤ .02). Moreover, by LTA maximal aggregation in response to ADP was significantly higher in patients with anaemia in both groups (both P < .05), and anaemic patients in group 1 had a significantly higher on‐treatment platelet reactivity by the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay and the Impact‐R than those without anaemia (both P < .001). In group 2, significantly higher platelet surface expression of P‐selectin was seen in anaemia after stimulation with ADP (P = .02).ConclusionAnaemia is associated with decreased platelet inhibition by ADP P2Y12 receptor antagonists after elective and acute percutaneous interventions with stent implantation. However, due to inconsistencies between different platelet function tests additional data are needed to clarify the role of anaemia for platelet inhibition.
Cytokine responses, microbial aetiology and short‐term outcome in community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Siljan William W. , Holter Jan C. , Nymo Ståle H. , Husebye Einar , Ueland Thor , Aukrust Pål , Mollnes Tom E. , Heggelund Lars 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe inflammatory response to community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is orchestrated through activation of cytokine networks and the complement system. We examined the association of multiple cytokines and the terminal complement complex (TCC) with microbial aetiology, disease severity and short‐term outcome.Materials and methodsPlasma levels of 27 cytokines and TCC were analysed in blood samples obtained at hospital admission, clinical stabilization and 6‐week follow‐up from 247 hospitalized adults with CAP. Fourteen mediators were included in final analyses. Adverse short‐term outcome was defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 30‐day mortality.ResultsCytokine and TCC levels were dynamic in the clinical course of CAP, with highest levels seen at admission for most mediators. Admission levels of cytokines and TCC did not differ between groups of microbial aetiology. High admission levels of IL‐6 (odds ratio [OR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18‐1.84, P = .001), IL‐8 (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.26‐2.55, P = .001) and MIP‐1β (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.36‐3.81, P = .002) were associated with a CURB‐65 severity score of ≥3, while IL‐6 (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.07‐1.74, P = .011) and MIP‐1β (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.03‐3.36, P = .040) were associated with a high risk of an adverse short‐term outcome.ConclusionsIn this CAP cohort, admission levels of IL‐6, IL‐8 and MIP‐1β were associated with disease severity and/or adverse short‐term outcome. Still, for most mediators, only nonsignificant variations in inflammatory responses were observed for groups of microbial aetiology, disease severity and short‐term outcome.
Lack of genetic population structure of slimy sculpin in a large, fragmented lake
Authors: Euclide Peter T. , Flores Natalie M. , Wargo Matthew J. , Kilpatrick C. William , Marsden J. Ellen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMost of what is known about sculpin population structure comes from research in streams; however, slimy sculpins are also a common benthic species in deep lakes. In streams, sculpins are considered to be a relatively inactive species, moving only small distances, and characteristically have high levels of genetic structure. We examined population genetic structure of slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) across multiple barriers and over distances up to 227 km in Lake Champlain (USA, Canada) and Lake Ontario (USA, Canada) to determine whether lake populations of sculpin are also highly structured. We predicted that slimy sculpin populations in Lake Champlain would be structured by six causeways as well as by distance, Lake Ontario populations would be structured only by distance, and differences between the lakes would be large relative to within‐lake differences. We examined microsatellite variation among 200 slimy sculpins from Lake Champlain and 48 slimy sculpins from Lake Ontario to evaluate patterns of population connectivity and structure. There was no indication of population substructuring within either lake but sculpin were genetically distinct between lakes. We conclude that there is a single, panmictic population of sculpin present in Lake Champlain and another potentially panmictic population in Lake Ontario, with no indication of genetic isolation by distance. Our results contrast with data from sculpin in streams, suggesting distance and habitat fragmentation exert little influence on population connectivity of benthic fish in lakes.
Distribution and clinical determinants of time‐to‐positivity of blood cultures in patients with neutropenia
Authors: Lambregts Merel M.C. , Warreman Eva B. , Bernards Alexandra T. , Veelken Hendrik , von dem Borne Peter A. , Dekkers Olaf M. , Visser Leo G. , de Boer Mark G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesBlood cultures (BCs) are essential in the evaluation of neutropenic fever. Modern BC systems have significantly reduced the time‐to‐positivity (TTP) of BC. This study explores the probability of bacteraemia when BCs have remained negative for different periods of time.MethodsAll adult patients with neutropenia and bacteraemia were included (January 2012‐February 2016). Predictive clinical factors for short (≤16 hours) and long (>24 hours) TTP were determined. The residual probability of bacteraemia was estimated for the scenario of negative BC 24 hours after collection.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 154 patients, accounting for 190 episodes of bacteraemia. Median age of 61 years, 60.5% were male. In 123 (64.7%) episodes, BC yielded a single Gram‐positive micro‐organism and in 49 (25.8%) a Gram‐negative micro‐organism (median TTP 16.7, 14.5 hours respectively, P < .01). TTP was ≤24 hours in 91.6% of episodes. Central line‐associated bacteraemia was associated with long TTP. The probability of bacteraemia if BC had remained negative for 24 hours was 1%‐3%.ConclusionsThe expected TTP offers guidance in the management of patients with neutropenia and suspected bacteraemia. The knowledge of negative BC can support a change in working diagnosis, and impact clinical decisions as soon as 24 hours after BC collection.
Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase terminates diazepam‐resistant status epilepticus in mice and its effects are potentiated by a ketogenic diet
Authors: Terrone Gaetano , Pauletti Alberto , Salamone Alessia , Rizzi Massimo , Villa Bianca R. , Porcu Luca , Sheehan Mark J. , Guilmette Edward , Butler Christopher R. , Piro Justin R. , Samad Tarek A. , Vezzani Annamaria 
Published: November 2017

SummaryObjectiveStatus epilepticus (SE) is a life‐threatening and commonly drug‐refractory condition. Novel therapies are needed to rapidly terminate seizures to prevent mortality and morbidity. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the key enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) and a major contributor to the brain pool of arachidonic acid (AA). Inhibiting of monoacylglycerol lipase modulates synaptic activity and neuroinflammation, 2 mediators of excessive neuronal activation underlying seizures. We studied the effect of a potent and selective irreversible MAGL inhibitor, CPD‐4645, on SE that was refractory to diazepam, its neuropathologic sequelae, and the mechanism underlying the drug's effects.MethodsDiazepam‐resistant SE was induced in adult mice fed with standard or ketogenic diet or in cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor knock‐out mice. CPD‐4645 (10 mg/kg, subcutaneously) or vehicle was dosed 1 and 7 h after status epilepticus onset in video–electroencephalography (EEG) recorded mice. At the end of SE, mice were examined in the novel object recognition test followed by neuronal cellloss analysis.ResultsCPD‐4645 maximal plasma and brain concentrations were attained 0.5 h postinjection (half‐life = 3.7 h) and elevated brain 2‐AG levels by approximately 4‐fold. CPD‐4645 administered to standard diet–fed mice progressively reduced spike frequency during 3 h postinjection, thereby shortening SE duration by 47%. The drug immediately abrogated SE in ketogenic diet–fed mice. CPD‐4645 rescued neuronal cell loss and cognitive deficit and reduced interleukin (IL)‐1β and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) brain expression resulting from SE. The CPD‐4645 effect on SE was similar in mice lacking CB1 receptors.SignificanceMAGL represents a novel therapeutic target for treating status epilepticus and improving its sequelae. CPD‐4645 therapeutic effects appear to be predominantly mediated by modulation of neuroinflammation.