bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A “Goldilocks” Approach to Hearing-Aid Self-Fitting: User Interactions
Authors: Boothroyd Arthur , Mackersie Carol 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate user reactions to custom software designed for self-adjustment of amplification.

Method
“Goldilocks” software was developed to allow user exploration and selection of preferred levels of overall output, low-frequency cut, and high-frequency boost while listening to preprocessed speech. Thirteen hearing-aid users and 13 nonusers self-adjusted before and after taking a speech perception test incorporated into the software.

Results
All 26 participants were able to complete the 2 adjustments and the intervening test in an average of 6.5 min—20 of them from on-screen instructions without experimenter help. Relative to a generic starting condition, the average participant opted to increase overall output, reduce low-frequency cut, and increase high-frequency boost. The first and second self-selected values were highly correlated, but there was evidence of further increases of overall volume and high-frequency boost after speech perception testing with the initial adjustment. There was no evidence that prior hearing-aid experience affected the ability to understand or complete the self-fitting process.

Conclusions
This approach to hearing-aid self-fitting can be a speedy, reliable, and feasible alternative to, or supplement to, conventional fitting procedures, but many questions remain to be answered.
Ecological Momentary Assessment: Feasibility, Construct Validity, and Future Applications
Authors: Timmer Barbra H. B. , Hickson Louise , Launer Stefan 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
This research assessed the feasibility and construct validity of ecological momentary assessment in capturing the hearing experiences of adults with mild hearing impairment in natural environments.

Method

Twenty-nine adults between the ages of 55 and 79 years (
M
= 69 years) answered multiple surveys on a smartphone app over a 2-week trial. Participants also wore 1 environmental classifier and a streamer allowing bidirectional communication between smartphone and classifier. Surveys were triggered based on defined criteria, or by the participants. A paper-based self-report questionnaire was administered before and after the trial.

Results
Feasibility was indicated by high compliance rates, with a total of 1,128 surveys completed. Of these, 72% were completed during a listening event, 26% within 1 hr, and only 2% of the surveys more than 1 hr after the listening event. The mean survey completion time was 1 min 40 s. Mean pre- and post-trial self-report scores were not significantly different, indicating no reactivity. Construct validity was indicated by the close agreement between subjective ratings of listening situations and objective data from the hearing aid classifier.

Conclusions
Ecological momentary assessment is a feasible and valid research methodology for older adults with mild hearing impairment. The methodology has potential as a clinical counseling and outcome tool.
Findings From EuroTrak Surveys From 2009 to 2015: Hearing Loss Prevalence, Hearing Aid Adoption, and Benefits of Hearing Aid Use
Authors: Bisgaard Nikolai , Ruf Stefan 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze data from the EuroTrak surveys performed from 2009 to 2015 in Germany, France, and the United Kingdom to identify factors that could account for the growth in hearing aid sales over that period.

Method
Data of 132,028 people—approximately 15,000 for each of the 3 countries at 3-year intervals—were collected using a questionnaire. The sample in each country was weighted using the respective country age–gender populations to get balanced results. Furthermore, 11,867 persons with self-reported hearing impairment filled in a comprehensive questionnaire on hearing status and related matters; 4,631 were hearing aid owners. Data were pooled over the 3 countries for each of the years 2009, 2012, and 2015 and analyzed for developments over the 6-year period. In certain cases, data were pooled across countries and years. The analysis focused on hearing loss prevalence, hearing aid adoption rates, satisfaction with hearing aids, and benefits of hearing aid use.

Results
Hearing loss prevalence was stable over the period around 10%—slightly higher for men than for women. Hearing aid adoption overall increased from 33% to 37%, and bilateral use increased from 55% to 69%. Intervals between hearing aid renewals decreased. These factors contribute to increased hearing aid sales. Bilateral users are more satisfied with the hearing aid product features (76%) and performance (72%) and use their hearing aids 9.1 hr per day, compared with unilateral users where the corresponding numbers are 71%, 67%, and 7.8 hr, respectively. Satisfaction with hearing aid product features and performance in general is slightly increasing; hearing aid users are 14.5% less exhausted at the end of the day compared with nonusers with similar hearing loss and exhibit less depressive and forgetfulness symptoms.

Conclusions
The prevalence of self-reported hearing loss is 10.6% and stable, and hearing aid adoption has increased, particularly of bilateral fittings that are more satisfactory and exhibit higher daily use patterns. Higher uptake of hearing aids contributes to growing hearing aid sales.
Relation Between Listening Effort and Speech Intelligibility in Noise
Authors: Krueger Melanie , Schulte Michael , Zokoll Melanie A. , Wagener Kirsten C. , Meis Markus , Brand Thomas , Holube Inga 
Published: October 2017

PurposeSubjective ratings of listening effort might be applicable to estimate hearing difficulties at positive signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) at which speech intelligibility scores are near 100%. Hence, ratings of listening effort were compared with speech intelligibility scores at different SNRs, and the benefit of hearing aids was evaluated.MethodTwo groups of listeners, 1 with normal hearing and 1 with hearing impairment, performed adaptive speech intelligibility and adaptive listening effort tests (Adaptive Categorical Listening Effort Scaling; Krueger, Schulte, Brand, & Holube, 2017) with sentences of the Oldenburg Sentence Test (Wagener, Brand, & Kollmeier, 1999a, 1999b; Wagener, Kühnel, & Kollmeier, 1999) in 4 different maskers. Model functions were fitted to the data to estimate the speech reception threshold and listening effort ratings forextreme effortandno effort.ResultsListeners with hearing impairment showed higher rated listening effort compared with listeners with normal hearing. For listeners with hearing impairment, the ratingextreme effort,which corresponds to negative SNRs, was more correlated to the speech reception threshold than the ratingno effort,which corresponds to positive SNRs. A benefit of hearing aids on speech intelligibility was only verifiable at negative SNRs, whereas the effect on listening effort showed high individual differences mainly at positive SNRs.ConclusionThe adaptive procedure for rating subjective listening effort yields information beyond using speech intelligibility to estimate hearing difficulties and to evaluate hearing aids.
Field Monitoring of Otoacoustic Emissions During Noise Exposure: Pilot Study in Controlled Environment
Authors: Nadon Vincent , Bockstael Annelies , Botteldooren Dick , Voix Jérémie 
Published: October 2017

PurposeIn spite of all the efforts to implement workplace hearing conservation programs, noise-induced hearing loss remains the leading cause of disability for North American workers. Nonetheless, an individual's susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss can be estimated by monitoring changes in hearing status in relation to the level of ambient noise exposure.The purpose of this study was to validate an approach that could improve workplace hearing conservation practices. The approach was developed using a portable and robust system designed for noisy environments and consisted of taking continuous measurements with high temporal resolution of the health status of the inner ear using otoacoustic emissions (OAEs).MethodA pilot study was conducted in a laboratory, exposing human subjects to industrial noise recordings at realistic levels. In parallel, OAEs were measured periodically using the designed OAE system as well as with a commercially available OAE system, used as a reference.ResultsVariations in OAE levels were analyzed and discussed along with the limitations of the reference and designed systems.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the monitoring of an individual's OAEs could be useful in monitoring temporary changes in hearing status induced by exposure to ambient noise and could be considered as a new tool for effective hearing conservation programs in the workplace.
Introduction: Hearing Across the Lifespan (HEAL) 2016
Authors: Kramer Sophia E. , Tognola Gabriella , Humes Larry E. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
This introduction overviews this special issue on the Hearing Across the Lifespan (HEAL) conference, which was held in Cernobbio, Italy, June 2–4, 2016.
Enhancing Auditory Selective Attention Using a Visually Guided Hearing Aid
Authors: Kidd Gerald 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Listeners with hearing loss, as well as many listeners with clinically normal hearing, often experience great difficulty segregating talkers in a multiple-talker sound field and selectively attending to the desired “target” talker while ignoring the speech from unwanted “masker” talkers and other sources of sound. This listening situation forms the classic “cocktail party problem” described by Cherry (1953) that has received a great deal of study over the past few decades. In this article, a new approach to improving sound source segregation and enhancing auditory selective attention is described. The conceptual design, current implementation, and results obtained to date are reviewed and discussed in this article.

Method
This approach, embodied in a prototype “visually guided hearing aid” (VGHA) currently used for research, employs acoustic beamforming steered by eye gaze as a means for improving the ability of listeners to segregate and attend to one sound source in the presence of competing sound sources.

Results
The results from several studies demonstrate that listeners with normal hearing are able to use an attention-based “spatial filter” operating primarily on binaural cues to selectively attend to one source among competing spatially distributed sources. Furthermore, listeners with sensorineural hearing loss generally are less able to use this spatial filter as effectively as are listeners with normal hearing especially in conditions high in “informational masking.” The VGHA enhances auditory spatial attention for speech-on-speech masking and improves signal-to-noise ratio for conditions high in “energetic masking.” Visual steering of the beamformer supports the coordinated actions of vision and audition in selective attention and facilitates following sound source transitions in complex listening situations.

Conclusions
Both listeners with normal hearing and with sensorineural hearing loss may benefit from the acoustic beamforming implemented by the VGHA, especially for nearby sources in less reverberant sound fields. Moreover, guiding the beam using eye gaze can be an effective means of sound source enhancement for listening conditions where the target source changes frequently over time as often occurs during turn-taking in a conversation.

Presentation Video

http://cred.pubs.asha.org/article.aspx?articleid=2601621
Der zerebrale Notfall – wichtige anästhesiologische Aspekte
Authors: Schott Martin , Stein Klaus-Peter , Bauer Martin 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDer zerebrale Notfall ist eine häufige Notfallsituation – und das Gehirn unterscheidet sich durch seine Unersetzbarkeit und minimale Ischämietoleranz von allen anderen Organen. Dieser Beitrag verwendet bewusst den Begriff des zerebralen Notfalls und will sich so von einzelnen Erkrankungsbildern lösen. Der Fokus liegt auf der anästhesiologischen Praxis, aber auch auf dem „Notfall in uns“, den jeder Notfall für das Behandlungsteam bedeuten kann.
Polytraumamanagement – Behandlung des Schwerverletzten in Schockraum und OP
Authors: von Rüden Christian , Bühren Volker , Perl Mario 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDie qualitativ hochwertige Therapie schwerverletzter Patienten ist anspruchsvoll und nur dann erfolgversprechend, wenn sie am Unfallort beginnt und in der Primär-, Postprimär- und Intensivbehandlung bis zur frühzeitig beginnenden multimodalen Rehabilitation interdisziplinär und interprofessionell durchgeführt wird, um die zum Teil lebensbedrohlichen Verletzungen behandeln zu können.
Maximal Fat Oxidation is Related to Performance in an Ironman Triathlon
Authors: Frandsen Jacob , Vest Stine , Larsen Steen , Dela Flemming , Helge Jørn 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) measured during a progressive exercise test on a cycle ergometer and ultra-endurance performance. 61 male ironman athletes (age: 35±1 yrs. [23–47 yrs.], with a BMI of 23.6±0.3 kg/m2 [20.0–30.1 kg/m2], a body fat percentage of 16.7±0.7% [8.4–30.7%] and a VO2peak of 58.7±0.7 ml/min/kg [43.9–72.5 ml/min/kg] SEM [Range]) were tested in the laboratory between 25 and 4 days prior to the ultra-endurance event, 2016 Ironman Copenhagen. Simple bivariate analyses revealed significant negative correlations between race time and MFO (r2=0.12, p<0.005) and VO2peak (r2=0.45, p<0.0001) and a positive correlation between race time and body fat percentage (r2=0.27, p<0.0001). MFO and VO2peak were not correlated. When the significant variables from the bivariate regression analyses were entered into the multiple regression models, VO2peak and MFO together explained 50% of the variation observed in race time among the 61 Ironman athletes (adj R2=0.50, p<0.001). These results suggests that maximal fat oxidation rate exert an independent influence on ultra-endurance performance (>9 h). Furthermore, we demonstrate that 50% of the variation in Ironman triathlon race time can be explained by peak oxygen uptake and maximal fat oxidation.
Lower Limb Force, Velocity, Power Capabilities during Leg Press and Squat Movements
Authors: Padulo Johnny , Migliaccio Gian , Ardigò Luca , Leban Bruno , Cosso Marco , Samozino Pierre 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aim was to compare lower-limb power, force, and velocity capabilities between squat and leg press movements. Ten healthy sportsmen performed ballistic lower-limb push-offs against 5-to-12 different loads during both the squat and leg press. Individual linear force-velocity and polynomial power-velocity relationships were determined for both movements from push-off mean force and velocity measured continuously with a pressure sensor and linear encoder. Maximal power output, theoretical maximal force and velocity, force-velocity profile and optimal velocity were computed. During the squat, maximal power output (17.7±3.59 vs. 10.9±1.39 W·kg−1), theoretical maximal velocity (1.66±0.29 vs. 0.88±0.18 m·s−1), optimal velocity (0.839±0.144 vs. 0.465±0.107 m·s−1), and force-velocity profile (−27.2±8.5 vs. −64.3±29.5 N·s·m−1·kg−1) values were significantly higher than during the leg press (p=0.000, effect size=1.72–3.23), whereas theoretical maximal force values (43.1±8.6 vs. 51.9±14.0 N·kg−1, p=0.034, effect size=0.75) were significantly lower. The mechanical capabilities of the lower-limb extensors were different in the squat compared with the leg press with higher maximal power due to much higher velocity capabilities (e.g. ability to produce force at high velocities) even if moderately lower maximal force qualities.
Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Offspring of Hypertensive Parents During Exercise
Authors: Almeida Leonardo , Peçanha Tiago , Mira Pedro , Souza Livia , da Silva Lílian , Martinez Daniel , Freitas Isabelle , Laterza Mateus 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOffspring of hypertensive parents present autonomic dysfunction at rest and during physiological maneuvers. However, the cardiac autonomic modulation during exercise remains unknown. This study tested whether the cardiac autonomic modulation would be reduced in offspring of hypertensive parents during exercise. Fourteen offspring of hypertensive and 14 offspring of normotensive individuals were evaluated. The groups were matched by age (24.5±1.0 vs. 26.6±1.5 years; p=0.25) and BMI (22.8±0.6 vs. 24.2±1.0 kg/m2; p=0.30). Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed simultaneously during 3 min at baseline followed by 3-min isometric handgrip at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction. Cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated using heart rate variability. Primary variables were subjected to two-way ANOVA (group vs. time). P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Blood pressure and heart rate were similar between groups during exercise protocol. In contrast, offspring of hypertensive subjects showed a reduction of SDNN (Basal=34.8±3.5 vs. 45.2±3.7 ms; Exercise=30.8±3.3 vs. 41.5±3.9 ms; p group=0.01), RMSSD (Basal=37.1±3.7 vs. 52.0±6.0 ms; Exercise=28.6±3.4 vs. 41.9±5.3 ms; p group=0.02) and pNN50 (Basal=15.7±4.0 vs. 29.5±5.5%; Exercise=7.7±2.4 vs. 18.0±4.3%; p group=0.03) during the exercise protocol in comparison with offspring of normotensive parents. We concluded that normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents exhibit impaired cardiac autonomic modulation during exercise.
Medizinischer Einsatz von Cannabis bei Tumorerkrankungen
Authors: Bagar Tanja , Perdija Željko 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungEndocannabinoide und Phytocannabinoide spielen eine wichtige Rolle beim Tumorwachstum und der Tumorprogression. Auch wenn es aufgrund der
Komplexität der beteiligten Signalpfade noch viel zu entdecken gibt, besteht kein Zweifel, dass Endo- und Phytocannabinoide bei der
Zellproliferation, beim Zellzyklus und der Apoptose eine entscheidende Rolle spielen.Die klinischen Erfahrungen zum Einsatz von Cannabinoiden bei Tumorpatienten zeigen vielversprechende Ergebnisse, z. B. Verringerung von
Komplikationen, Verbesserung der Lebensqualität, geringere Tumorprogression. Allerdings ist der Einsatz von Cannabis in der Onkologie von
falschen Vorstellungen und oft unrealistischen Erwartungen seitens der Patienten geprägt.Die Autoren geben eine Übersicht zu den bisherigen Forschungsergebnissen und einen Ausblick auf die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der
Praxis.
Advanced second language learners experience difficulties processing reduced word pronunciation variants
Authors: Ernestus Mirjam , Dikmans Mirte E. , Giezenaar Ghislaine 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Words are often pronounced with fewer segments in casual conversations than in formal speech. Previous research has shown that foreign language learners and beginning second language learners experience problems processing reduced speech. We examined whether this also holds for advanced second language learners. We designed a dictation task in Dutch consisting of sentences spliced from casual conversations and an unreduced counterpart of this task, with the same sentences carefully articulated by the same speaker. Advanced second language learners of Dutch produced substantially more transcription errors for the reduced than for the unreduced sentences. These errors made the sentences incomprehensible or led to non-intended meanings. The learners often did not rely on the semantic and syntactic information in the sentence or on the subsegmental cues to overcome the reductions. Hence, advanced second language learners also appear to suffer from the reduced pronunciation variants of words that are abundant in everyday conversations.
Keeping up with the monolinguals
Authors: Liu Liquan , Han Mengru , Kager René 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPrevious studies investigating possible differences between monolingual and bilingual infants’ vocabulary development have produced mixed results. The current study examines the size of the total receptive and expressive vocabulary, total conceptual vocabulary, and specific Dutch vocabulary of two hundred 8- to 18-month-old monolingual and bilingual infants born and living in the Netherlands. Families completed a Dutch version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Developmental Inventories. Results illustrate that bilingual infants keep up with monolinguals even in Dutch receptive and expressive vocabulary sizes, showing no trace of delay in the development of the socially dominant language. The overall findings constitute an extension of work on vocabulary acquisition and challenge existing theories that suggest a developmental delay among bilingual learners. The equal pace of development between the monolingual and bilingual groups provides new insights into the influence and perhaps advantages of early bilingual language acquisition.
How does coping change with development? A review of childhood and adolescence sport coping research
Authors: Holt Nicholas L. , Hoar Sharleen , Fraser Shawn N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt is important to study how children and adolescents cope with stressors in sport because effective coping enhances sport experiences and prevents psychological and physiological problems that can lead to sport withdrawal. The purpose of this review was to summarize the existing child and adolescent coping research to establish how coping changes with development in the achievement context of sport. We reviewed and summarized relevant coping research published from 1980 to 2004 using a ‘content analysis’ approach to identify consistencies and limitations in this literature. Four content areas were examined: coping responses, gender differences, consistency of coping/coping style, and coping effectiveness. Ways in which coping changes with development from childhood to adolescence were examined within each of these content areas. Fundamental future research questions and implications for research design are presented.
SeqBox: RNAseq/ChIPseq reproducible analysis on a consumer game computer
Authors: Beccuti Marco , Cordero Francesca , Arigoni Maddalena , Panero Riccardo , Amparore Elvio G , Donatelli Susanna , Calogero Raffaele A 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Summary
Short reads sequencing technology has been used for more than a decade now. However, the analysis of RNAseq and ChIPseq data is still computational demanding and the simple access to raw data does not guarantee results reproducibility between laboratories. To address these two aspects, we developed SeqBox, a cheap, efficient and reproducible RNAseq/ChIPseq hardware/software solution based on NUC6I7KYK mini-PC (an Intel consumer game computer with a fast processor and a high performance SSD disk), and Docker container platform. In SeqBox the analysis of RNAseq and ChIPseq data is supported by a friendly GUI. This allows access to fast and reproducible analysis also to scientists with/without scripting experience.

Availability and implementation
Docker container images, docker4seq package and the GUI are available at http://www.bioinformatica.unito.it/reproducibile.bioinformatics.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.