bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of the HAS‐BLED Score in Risk Stratifying Patients on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Post 12 Months After Drug‐Eluting Stent Placement
Authors: Shah Ruchit R. , Pillai Ajay , Omar Abdullah , Zhao John , Arora Vishal , Kapoor Deepak , Poommipanit Paul 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCurrent guidelines recommend continuation of dual anti‐platelet therapy (DAPT) for 12 months after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Recent studies have shown benefit in continuing DAPT beyond 12 months but at the risk of increase bleeding. To date, there has been little data on risk stratifying patients to determine who can continue DAPT beyond 12 months at minimal bleeding risk. Methods: All patients who underwent drug‐eluting stent (DES) placement from January 1, 2013 to September 30, 2014 were reviewed. Patients who had follow‐up for at least 12 months, placement of 2nd generation everolimus‐coated DES, and were on DAPT for at least 12 months were included. Patients with a history of atrial fibrillation, follow‐up time less than 12 months, or were on concurrent oral anticoagulation therapy were excluded. Results: Five hundred thirty‐one patients were analyzed as described above. Two hundred two patients included in our study with 7 patients in the bleeding cohort and 195 patients in no‐bleed cohort. The HAS‐BLED score in patients who had a bleeding episode vs. those who did not was 3.29 vs. 2.24 (P value of 0.0009). Although not statistically significant, patients who had a bleeding episode were more likely to have renal dysfunction, alcohol use, be on prasugrel, and be on 325mg of aspirin. Conclusion: The study shows that the HAS‐BLED score can be of utility in risk stratifying patients in determining who can continue DAPT beyond 12 months. Furthermore, a HAS‐BLED score of less than 2 may help guide extended DAPT beyond 12 months at minimal bleeding risk. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The New Application of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Modified with Nafion and Lead Films for Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine and Paracetamol
Authors: Tyszczuk‐Rotko Katarzyna , Sadok Ilona 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA new voltammetric procedure for the simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA) and paracetamol (PA) using boron doped diamond electrode modified with Nafion and lead films (PbF/Nafion/BDDE) was investigated. The use of this electrode resolved the overlapped voltammetric waves of DA and PA into well‐defined peaks with peak to peak separation of about 320 mV. Under the optimized experimental conditions in differential pulse voltammetric technique, DA and PA gave a linear response over the ranges 2.0×10−7–1.0×10−4 mol L−1*(R2=0.9996) and 5.0×10−7–1.0×10−3 mol L−1 (R2=0.9979), respectively. The detection limits were found to be 5.4×10−8 mol L−1 for DA and 1.4×10−7 mol L−1 for PA. They are lower, comparable or in some cases a little bit higher than those obtained using other electrochemical sensors. However, the proposed procedure of the sensor preparation is much simpler than procedures described in the literature with a lower detection limit. The proposed procedure was successfully applied to the determination of PA in some commercial pharmaceuticals as well as to the simultaneous determination of DA and PA in human urine, whole blood and serum samples directly without any separation steps.
A Review of Hydrogen/Halogen Flow Cells
Authors: Cho Kyu Taek , Tucker Michael C. , Weber Adam Z. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFlow batteries provide an energy‐storage solution for various grid‐related stability and service issues that arise as renewable‐energy‐generation technologies are adopted. Among the most promising flow‐battery systems are those using hydrogen/halogen redox couples, which promise the possibility of meeting the cost target of the US Department of Energy (DOE), due to their fast and reversible kinetics and low materials cost. However, significant critical issues and barriers for their adoption remain. In this review of halogen/hydrogen systems, technical and performance issues, and research and development progress are reviewed. The information in this review can be used as a technical guide for research and development of related redox‐flow‐battery systems and other electrochemical technologies.
Sensitivity‐guided decision‐making for wind farm micro‐siting
Authors: Ulker Fatma , Allaire Douglas , Willcox Karen 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis paper presents a quantitative risk assessment for design and development of a renewable energy system to support decision‐making among design alternatives. Throughout the decision‐making phases, resources are allocated among exploration and exploitation tasks to manage the uncertainties in design parameters and to adapt designs to new information for enhanced performance. The resource allocation problem is formulated as a sequential decision feedback loop for a quantitative analysis of exploration and exploitation trade‐offs. We support decision‐making by tracking the evolution of uncertainties, the sensitivity of design alternatives to the uncertainties, and the performance, reliability, and robustness of each design. This is achieved by analyzing the uncertainties in the wind resource, the turbine performance and operation, and the models that define the power curve and wake deficiency. Comparison of the performance, reliability, and robustness of aligned and staggered turbine layouts before and after wind assessment experiments aids in improving micro‐siting decisions. The results demonstrate that design decisions can be supported by efficiently allocating resources towards improved estimates of achievable design objectives and by quantitatively assessing the risk in meeting those objectives. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical and statistical approach for evaluating the effects of a river barrage on river–aquifer interactions
Authors: Oh Yun‐Yeong , Hamm Se‐Yeong , Yoon Heesung , Kim Gyoo‐Bum 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe construction of a river barrage can increase groundwater levels upstream of the barrage during the rainy season. Analytical and statistical approaches were applied to evaluate the relationship between groundwater and river water at the Changnyeong–Haman river barrage in Korea using time series data of water level and electrical conductivity from June 2011 to September 2014. An artificial neural network based time series model was designed to filter out the effect of rainfall from the groundwater level data in the study area. Aquifer diffusivity and river resistance were estimated from the analytical solution of a one‐dimensional unit step response function by using the filtered groundwater level data. River resistance increased in response to groundwater level fluctuations. Cross‐correlation analyses between the groundwater and the river water showed that the lag time increased during the observation period for both the water level and the electrical conductivity while the cross‐correlation function declined for the same period. The results indicated that a constant river stage maintained at the river barrage can weaken the hydrologic stress and reduce the exchange of material between the river and the adjacent aquifer because of the deposition of fine sediment on the river bottom and walls. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the flow regime alterations in the middle reach of the Yangtze River associated with dam construction: potential ecological implications
Authors: Wang Yuankun , Rhoads Bruce L. , Wang Dong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHydrological regimes strongly influence the biotic diversity of river ecosystems by structuring physical habitat within river channels and on floodplains. Modification of hydrological regimes by dam construction can have important consequences for river ecosystems. This study examines the impacts of the construction of two dams, the Gezhouba Dam and the Three Gorges Dam, on the hydrological regime of the Yangtze River in China. Analysis of hydrological change before and after dam construction is investigated by evaluating changes in the medians and ranges of variability of 33 hydrological parameters. Results show that the hydrological impact of the Gezhouba Dam is relatively small, affecting mainly the medians and variability of low flows, the rate of rise, and the number of hydrological reversals. The closure of the Three Gorges Dam has substantially altered the downstream flow regime, affecting the seasonal distribution of flows, the variability of flows, the magnitude of minimum flows, low‐flow pulses, the rate of rise, and hydrological reversals. These changes in flow regime have greatly influenced the aquatic biodiversity and fish community structure within the Yangtze River. In particular, populations of migratory fish have been negatively impacted. The results help to identify the magnitudes of hydrological alteration associated with the construction of dams on this important large river and also provide useful information to guide strategies aimed at restoration of the river's ecosystems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exosomal Long Noncoding RNAs are Differentially Expressed in the Cervicovaginal Lavage Samples of Cervical Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhang Jin , Liu Shuang‐Chun , Luo Xin‐Hua , Tao Guo‐Xian , Guan Ming , Yuan Hong , Hu Da‐Kang 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundAs the second leading cause of cancer morbidity and death in women, cervical cancer remains an important public health problem worldwide. Novel biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for the early detection and diagnosis of cervical cancer are urgently needed. Increasing evidence shows that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in cancer tissues and may serve as diagnostic markers. In multiple tumor types, exosomes harboring lncRNAs are actively released from tumor cells. In this study, we investigate the potential association of exosomal lncRNA expression with cervical cancer.MethodsCervicovaginal lavage specimens were collected from patients with cervical cancer and cancer‐free volunteers who are HPV‐positive or HPV‐negative. Exosomes in these specimens were isolated by ultracentrifugation and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The exosomal lncRNAs HOTAIR, MALAT1, and MEG3 were quantified by qRT‐PCR.ResultsExpression of HOTAIR, MALAT1 and MEG3 was predominantly observed in cervical cancer‐derived exosomes in cervicovaginal lavage samples. The expression levels of lncRNAs were significantly different in exosomes isolated from cervical cancer patients compared to normal controls.ConclusionsOur data suggest that lncRNAs in exosomes isolated from cervicovaginal lavage are differentially expressed in cervical cancer patients and cancer‐free volunteers. Exosomal lncRNAs may have great potential to be used for the early detection and diagnosis of cervical cancer, and serve as convenient and noninvasive biomarkers.
Ascitic Calprotectin is a Novel and Accurate Marker for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Authors: Fernandes Samuel Raimundo , Santos Patrícia , Fatela Narcisa , Baldaia Cilénia , Tato Marinho Rui , Proença Helena , Ramalho Fernando , Velosa José 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a known complication of advanced cirrhosis and presents a high mortality rate. A polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count >250/μl in the ascitic fluid is the current gold standard for diagnosing SBP.AimWe evaluated the accuracy of a point‐of‐care test (POCT) for ascitic calprotectin in diagnosing patients with SBP.MethodsEighty‐eight patients admitted with decompensation of liver cirrhosis were studied including 41 patients (46.6%) with SBP. Ascitic calprotectin was measured using a quantitative POCT developed by Bühlmann®.ResultsCalprotectin levels correlated with PMN cell count and other inflammatory markers and were significantly higher in patients with SBP. An optimal cutoff of calprotectin above 1.57 μg/ml presented high sensitivity (87.8%), specificity (97.9%), and positive (97.3%) and negative (90.2%) predictive values for diagnosing SBP. Using calprotectin selectively in patients with a serum albumin‐ascites gradient above 11 g/l further increased the sensitivity and negative predictive values of the test.ConclusionAscitic calprotectin appears to be a reliable method for diagnosing SBP in patients with liver cirrhosis. It may present an alternative to other conventional diagnostic methods.
Food safety in Thailand. 3: Pesticide residues detected in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), queen of fruits
Authors: Phopin Kamonrat , Wanwimolruk Sompon , Prachayasittikul Virapong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDFor developing countries like Thailand, regulation of pesticide usage exists, but it is not fully enforced. Therefore, pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits have not been well monitored. This study aimed to determine the pesticide residues in mangosteen fruits sold in Thailand. The mangosteen samples (n = 111) were purchased and the contents of 28 pesticides were analysed by GC‐MS/MS method.RESULTSOf the pesticides tested, eight were found in 100% of the mangosteen samples. However, in 97% of these samples, either chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, metalaxyl or profenofos was detected exceeding their maximum residue limits (MRLs), representing a 97% rate of pesticide detection above the MRL. This rate is much higher than those found in other fruits sold in developed countries. However, this conclusion excludes the fresh Thai mangosteens grown for export, as these are generally cultivated and harvested to GAP standards. Since the edible part of the mangosteen is the pulp, washing the fruits with running water can reduce the risk of pesticide residues contaminating the pulp which would be eaten by the consumer.CONCLUSIONThe findings strongly suggest that routine monitoring of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables is required to reduce the health risks associated with consuming contaminated food. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of climate change on methane emissions from seafloor sediments in the Arctic Ocean: A review
Authors: James Rachael H. , Bousquet Philippe , Bussmann Ingeborg , Haeckel Matthias , Kipfer Rolf , Leifer Ira , Niemann Helge , Ostrovsky Ilia , Piskozub Jacek , Rehder Gregor , Treude Tina , Vielstädte Lisa , Greinert Jens 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLarge quantities of methane are stored in hydrates and permafrost within shallow marine sediments in the Arctic Ocean. These reservoirs are highly sensitive to climate warming, but the fate of methane released from sediments is uncertain. Here, we review the principal physical and biogeochemical processes that regulate methane fluxes across the seabed, the fate of this methane in the water column, and potential for its release to the atmosphere. We find that, at present, fluxes of dissolved methane are significantly moderated by anaerobic and aerobic oxidation of methane. If methane fluxes increase then a greater proportion of methane will be transported by advection or in the gas phase, which reduces the efficiency of the methanotrophic sink. Higher freshwater discharge to Arctic shelf seas may increase stratification and inhibit transfer of methane gas to surface waters, although there is some evidence that increased stratification may lead to warming of sub‐pycnocline waters, increasing the potential for hydrate dissociation. Loss of sea‐ice is likely to increase wind speeds and sea‐air exchange of methane will consequently increase. Studies of the distribution and cycling of methane beneath and within sea ice are limited, but it seems likely that the sea‐air methane flux is higher during melting in seasonally ice‐covered regions. Our review reveals that increased observations around especially the anaerobic and aerobic oxidation of methane, bubble transport, and the effects of ice cover, are required to fully understand the linkages and feedback pathways between climate warming and release of methane from marine sediments.
Parameterization of natural phytoplankton photo‐physiology: Effects of cell size and nutrient concentration
Authors: Giannini Maria Fernanda Colo , Ciotti Áurea Maria 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEstimating phytoplankton primary productivity through non‐invasive photosystem II (PSII) photo‐physiology is desirable as a result of high throughput in situ assessment. However, interpretation of photo‐physiological parameters remains challenging where fundamental relationships between photosynthetic processes and carbon fixation rates need to be quantified. Photosynthetic rates vary across phytoplankton taxa, and in particular cell size constrains the efficiency of converting absorbed light into fixed carbon. This study therefore aimed to examine the relationships between phytoplankton community size and photo‐physiological parameters, including the functional absorption cross‐section for PSII at 452 nm (σPSII(452)) and the maximal (Fv/Fm) and effective (
) PSII efficiencies, key to estimates of PSII primary productivity (so‐called electron transfer rates, ETRPSII). Data from meso‐oligotrophic waters in southeastern Brazil show that environmental factors did not explain patterns in the distribution of phytoplankton dominant community size at the temporal scale studied, however, the dominant size was responsible for the major variability of photo‐physiological parameters.
was significantly higher for larger groups, while Fv/Fm was positively and σPSII(452) negatively correlated to the community size, although only significant when the communities were exposed to nutrient levels above the overall median conditions. This dependence is likely due to the high variability in nutrient availability inherent to this system, operating over scales of hours to days, precluding steady‐state growth of the phytoplankton community. This study proposes a novel dominant size‐based parameterization of an ETRPSII model for communities exposed to nutrients concentration above median values, and discusses ETRPSII as a tool to estimate primary production across highly hydrodynamic regions.
Effect of Diffusion and Migration on the Selectivity of a Polymer Inclusion Membrane Containing Dicyclohexano‐18‐crown‐6
Authors: Casadellà Anna , Galama Anne Haye , Schaetzle Olivier , Loos Katja 
Published: May 2016

Ion transport and selectivity are compared across a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) containing dicyclohexano‐18‐crown‐6 (DCH18C6, K+ selective) under two driving forces: concentration gradient (diffusion) and electrical potential gradient (migration). The K+ flux is much larger under diffusion (140 mmol cm−2 h−1) than under migration (≈4 mmol cm−2 h−1). The selectivity of NH4
+ over K+ is 86.0 for diffusion and 1.0 for migration. The selectivity of Na+ over K+ is 21.4 for diffusion and 1.16 for migration. Migration transport might induce a change in the orientation of DCH18C6 and reduce selectivity. Therefore, it is more favorable to apply diffusion rather than migration.
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Interplay between Mechanical Fatigue and Network Structure and Their Effects on Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Thin Silicone Films with Varying Stoichiometric Imbalance
Authors: Zhang Mengjia , Denes Istvan , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: May 2016

Thin silicone films for applications as dielectric electroactive polymer (DEAP) are fatigued under mechanical cycling (Wöhler tests) until rupture. The silicones are based on linear vinyl‐terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) cross‐linked with tetrafunctional methylhydrosiloxane–dimethylsiloxane copolymer. Stoichiometric imbalance of the hydrosilane to vinyl groups is varied (1.3, 1.7, and 3). Complementary, all silicones are compounded with silicone oil (55 wt%) and silica (4.5 wt%). Changes in cross‐linking density, elastic modulus, dielectric permittivity, and dielectric breakdown are examined. The fatigued specimens show increased cross‐linking density due to mechanically induced secondary cross‐linking of excessive hydrosilane groups. This leads to significant changes in the elastic modulus and permittivity of the material, which can negatively affect the performance of the DEAP device. The “critical loading conditions,” where the fatigued specimens show maximum changes in properties, are found to depend on excess hydrosilane content.image
On the Generation of Polyether‐Based Coatings through Photoinduced C,H Insertion Crosslinking
Authors: Schuler Anne‐Katrin , Prucker Oswald , Rühe Jürgen 
Published: May 2016

In this work, the synthesis of a photoreactive polyether and its subsequent photochemical attachment to various substrates is described. Poly(bisphenol A‐co‐epichlorohydrin) is chosen as an example for a technologically important class of polymers and modified in a polymeranalogous reaction with photoreactive benzophenone units. During brief UV activation, benzophenone forms reactive intermediates, which are able to formally insert into any aliphatic C,H bond, eventually forming a crosslinked polymer film. During the formation process the emerging polyether networks additionally bind to (practically) any organic molecule present at the substrate surface. This way in one reaction step directly a surface‐attached polymer network is obtained. The examples, which are shown, include silane‐covered oxidic surfaces and unmodified polyolefins. When appropriate masks are used, brief UV irradiation is sufficient to generate crosslinked, surface‐attached polyether microstructures on a broad spectrum of substrate materials. The described strategy allows the generation of one‐component polymer coatings from standard commodity polymers under very simple process conditions, which can be lithographically structured and covalently attached to a broad spectrum of substrates, comprising even chemically rather inert materials.
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Improvement of the Thermal Stability of TEMPO‐Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibrils by Heat‐Induced Conversion of Ionic Bonds to Amide Bonds
Authors: Lavoine Nathalie , Bras Julien , Saito Tsuguyuki , Isogai Akira 
Published: May 2016

Improving thermal stability of TEMPO‐oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs) is a major challenge for the development and preparation of new nanocomposites. However, thermal degradation of TOCNs occurs at 220 °C. The present study reports a simple way to improve thermal stability of TOCNs by the heat‐induced conversion of ionic bonds to amide bonds. Coupling amine‐terminated polyethylene glycol to the TOCNs is performed through ionic bond formation. Films are produced from the dispersions by the casting method. Infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis confirm conversion of ionic bonds to amide bonds for the modified TOCN samples after heating. As a result, improvement of TOCNs' thermal stability by up to 90 °C is successfully achieved.
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