bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic comparison of five tanshinones in normal and arthritic rats after oral administration of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan or its single herb extract by UPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Ma Wen , Peng Yan , Wang Weihui , Bian Qiaoxia , Wang Nannan , Lee David Y.‐W. , Dai Ronghua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA fast, sensitive and reliable ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation and pharmacokinetic study of five tanshinones (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, tanshinone IIB, dihydrotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone), the bio‐active ingredients of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXLD) in rat plasma. After liquid–liquid extraction, chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Shim‐pack XR‐ODS column (75 × 3.0 mm, 2.2 µm particles) and eluted with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile–0.05% formic acid aqueous solution (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min, and the total run time was 7.0 min. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry equipped with an electrospray ionization source in positive ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode. The lower limits of quantification were 0.050–0.400 ng/mL for all the analytes. Linearity, precision and accuracy, the mean extraction recoveries and matrix effects all satisfied criteria for acceptance. This validated method was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of five bio‐active components in rat plasma after oral administration of HLXLD or Salvia miltiorrhiza extract in normal and arthritic rats. The results showed that there were different pharmacokinetic characteristics among different groups. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frankincense Revisited, Part I: Comparative Analysis of Volatiles in Commercially Relevant Boswellia Species
Authors: Niebler Johannes , Buettner Andrea 
Published: March 2016

The genus Boswellia comprises many species which are famous for their production of frankincense, a fragrant gum resin. In the published literature, manifold studies on the volatiles and semivolatiles in individual samples of these gum resins exist, yet very few studies have investigated multiple samples. Contradictory results with regard to the volatile composition exist in literature. In this first part of the study, a large sample set (n = 46) of mostly commercially obtained gum resins and essential oils was investigated by solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 216 compounds were identified or tentatively identified from the four commercially relevant species, namely B. sacra, B. serrata, B. papyrifera, and B. frereana, and the statistical evaluation of the resulting chemical profiles allowed a clear distinction between the species by their volatile profile. With only few exceptions, the designated species was found to be in accordance with the composition reported in reliable literature sources and detected in botanically identified samples. Chemotaxonomic marker substances were suggested to facilitate the differentiation of commercial gum resins or essential oils based on their volatile profile.
Centrifugal pump performance when handling highly non‐Newtonian clays and tailings slurries
Authors: Furlan John , Visintainer Robert , Sellgren Anders 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRecent loop testing performed at the GIW Hydraulic Lab[1,2] has provided pump performance data for two highly non‐Newtonian slurries with significantly different characteristics: a high clay content slurry with minimal coarse solids; and a typical, low clay content, two‐component tailings slurry. The importance of air removal in the sump and pipe loop was demonstrated using a simple, yet novel de‐aeration system. In addition to the measurement of performance losses, determination of the upper limit of “pumpability” for these slurries relative to their concentration and associated yield stress was investigated. However, once the slurry was de‐aerated, no limits could be found, other than those dictated by suction side losses (NPSHA) or excessive pipeline friction gradients, indicating that the only true limit in practice is one of system economics, i.e. pump operating and capital cost.Experimentally measured pump head and efficiency were compared against corresponding predictions from two different models: the Walker and Goulas technique[3] and the Graham et al. technique,[4] with special focus given to the dependence of the losses on pump rotary speed.
Global Well‐Posedness of Incompressible Elastodynamics in Two Dimensions
Authors: Lei Zhen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe prove that for sufficiently small initial displacements in some weighted Sobolev space, the Cauchy problem of the systems of incompressible isotropic Hookean elastodynamics in two space dimensions admits a uniqueness global classical solution. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association between high serum carcinoembryonic antigen and clinical state of male anorexia nervosa: A case report
Authors: Ochi Shinichiro , Shimizu Hideaki , Ueno Shu‐ichi 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric disorder, which is not yet fully understood. Several studies reported that AN was associated with disruption of cytokine network. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein related to its network, used as a tumor marker of adenocarcinoma, and suggested to stimulate monocytes and macrophages to release proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we report a 41‐year‐old male suffering from AN who was suspected of having a malignant tumor due to markedly elevated serum CEA levels. However, on further examinations, he was discovered to have no malignant tumors, and, interestingly, his CEA levels actually decreased as his clinical state of AN improved. Furthermore, it was found that his CEA levels were elevated proportionally to his clinical state of AN and that his body mass index was significantly correlated with serum CEA levels. Therefore, it is suggested that inflammatory responses may be associated with the clinical state of AN. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:428–431).
Effects of mesopotamian marsh (iraq) desiccation on the cultural knowledge and livelihood of marsh arab women
Authors: Al‐mudaffar fawzi Nadia , Goodwin Kelly P. , Mahdi Bayan A. , Stevens Michelle L. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this study, we evaluate ecological and cultural resiliency in response to desertification of the Mesopotamian Marshes of Southern Iraq. Our research illustrates that the desiccation of the marshes has caused a drastic change in how Marsh Arab women interact with their environment; specifically, in comparison to the predesiccation period, women’s roles are increasingly limited to domestic rather than marsh‐dependent activities. With the exception of raising water buffalo and limited horticulture activities, most families today have little opportunity to utilize women’s ability to generate income by applying their traditional ecological knowledge and skills. Furthermore, these women are no longer transmitting their marsh‐specific knowledge and skills to the next generation, and these valuable and ancient cultural memories are being lost. Upstream dam construction, drought, and regional climate change is depriving Marsh Arab communities of marsh ecosystem services such as potable water, water buffalo forage, fish yields, and reed production. In marsh areas, where enough water remains to sustain ecosystem services (such as in Chibayish and the Iraq Marshlands National Park), cultural knowledge has been retained and passed on to the next generations. We recommend that programs be implemented to preserve these traditional skills, to develop a market for handicrafts to support women and their families, and to support cultural knowledge. Otherwise, with the passing of the older generation, these remnants of ancient Sumerian knowledge systems and traditional ways of life will soon be forgotten.
Numerical investigation of the influence of the driving frequency during pile installation of tubular piles
Authors: Heins Evelyn , Hamann Thorben , Grabe Jürgen , Hannot Stephan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNumerical investigation of the influence of the driving frequency during pile installation of tubular piles: Offshore and nearshore structures are predominantly founded by the use of open‐ended profiles. The installation of open‐ended profiles into the subsoil is usually done using the impact pile driving technique. To make the installation process more efficient, especially when considering the penetration velocity of the pile and the noise level, a new pile driving method was developed by IHC IQIP, formerly known as IHC Hydrohammer B.V. The influence of the standard driving method in comparison to the new driving technique is investigated in this contribution. This is done using the Finite Element Method (FEM) including a two‐phase model for fully saturated soil.Numerische Untersuchung zum Einfluss der Schlagfrequenz beim Einbringen von Rohrpfählen. Für die Gründung von Offshore‐ und Nearshore‐Anlagen werden vorwiegend offene Profile verwendet. Die Einbringung der offenen Profile in den anstehenden Boden erfolgt meist schlagend. Um den Pfahlinstallationsprozess insbesondere hinsichtlich Einbringgeschwindigkeit und Schallemission effizienter zu gestalten, wurde von IHC IQIP, früher bekannt als IHC Hydrohammer B.V., eine neue Schnellschlagramme entwickelt. In diesem Beitrag soll der Einfluss der Standardramme im Vergleich zur Schnellschlagramme untersucht werden. Dies geschieht mithilfe der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode (FEM) unter Berücksichtigung eines Zweiphasenmodells für den wassergesättigten Boden.Dieser Artikel wurde aus technischen Problemen doppelt veröffentlicht 10.1002/gete.201600014.
General and specialized brain correlates for analogical reasoning: A meta‐analysis of functional imaging studies
Authors: Hobeika Lucie , Diard‐Detoeuf Capucine , Garcin Béatrice , Levy Richard , Volle Emmanuelle 
Published: March 2016

AbstractReasoning by analogy allows us to link distinct domains of knowledge and to transfer solutions from one domain to another. Analogical reasoning has been studied using various tasks that have generally required the consideration of the relationships between objects and their integration to infer an analogy schema. However, these tasks varied in terms of the level and the nature of the relationships to consider (e.g., semantic, visuospatial). The aim of this study was to identify the cerebral network involved in analogical reasoning and its specialization based on the domains of information and task specificity. We conducted a coordinate‐based meta‐analysis of 27 experiments that used analogical reasoning tasks. The left rostrolateral prefrontal cortex was one of the regions most consistently activated across the studies. A comparison between semantic and visuospatial analogy tasks showed both domain‐oriented regions in the inferior and middle frontal gyri and a domain‐general region, the left rostrolateral prefrontal cortex, which was specialized for analogy tasks. A comparison of visuospatial analogy to matrix problem tasks revealed that these two relational reasoning tasks engage, at least in part, distinct right and left cerebral networks, particularly separate areas within the left rostrolateral prefrontal cortex. These findings highlight several cognitive and cerebral differences between relational reasoning tasks that can allow us to make predictions about the respective roles of distinct brain regions or networks. These results also provide new, testable anatomical hypotheses about reasoning disorders that are induced by brain damage. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1953–1969, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cerebral infarction after intraarterial and intravenous chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A retrospective analysis using a Japanese inpatient database
Authors: Suzuki Sayaka , Yasunaga Hideo , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Saito Yuki , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of cerebral infarction after intraarterial chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains uncertain.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) database from 2010 to 2013. We performed a 1:4 propensity score‐matched analysis between patients undergoing intraarterial or intravenous CRT, and determined the association between cerebral infarction and intraarterial CRT.ResultsAmong patients with head and neck cancer receiving platinum‐based chemotherapy and concurrent radiotherapy, we identified 776 patients with intraarterial CRT and 7157 with intravenous CRT. The occurrence of cerebral infarction was significantly higher in the intraarterial CRT group than in the intravenous CRT group: 1.4% (11 of 775) versus 0.4% (12 of 3100; p = .002). There was no significant difference in mucosal toxicity or febrile neutropenia.ConclusionAbout 10% of patients received intraarterial CRT. Intraarterial CRT was associated with a higher incidence of cerebral infarction than was intravenous CRT. This result is useful when considering the procedure‐related risks and the potential benefits of intraarterial CRT. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1354–1358, 2016
Primary surgery for advanced‐stage laryngeal cancer: A stage and subsite‐specific survival analysis
Authors: Harris Brianna N. , Bhuskute Aditi A. , Rao Shyam , Farwell D. Gregory , Bewley Arnaud F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundTreatment recommendations for advanced‐stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have evolved significantly over the last 2 decades.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database with advanced‐stage laryngeal SCC treated between 2004 and 2012.ResultsA total of 6797 patients were identified in the SEER database who met inclusion criteria, with 2051 patients undergoing primary surgery and 4746 patients undergoing primary radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly better for patients treated with primary surgery when compared using Kaplan–Meier curves and a Cox multivariate regression. When survival analysis was repeated for patients stratified by T classification, N classification, and subsite, OS and DSS benefits from primary surgery were observed for patients with T3 and T4a tumors, N0 neck disease, or supraglottic primaries.ConclusionPatients with advanced‐stage laryngeal SCC with T3 and T4a tumors, N0 neck disease, or supraglottic primaries have the greatest chance of survival when treated with primary surgery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1380–1386, 2016
Effect of binder‐free graphene–cetyltrimethylammonium bromide anode on the performance of microbial fuel cells
Authors: Xue Lixian , Yang Na , Ren Yueping , Li Xiufen , Shi Yugang , Hua Zhaozhe , Wang Xinhua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDGraphene has been widely used as an anode modification material to enhance the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The hydrophobicity of graphene and the insulation of the binders used in the electrode preparation were two adverse factors for performance enhancement of the graphene (G) anodes. In this work, binder‐free graphene–cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) anodes (G‐CTAB‐2.5, G‐CTAB‐5 and G‐CTAB‐10) prepared with low loadings of CTAB treated graphene were fabricated through a simple strategy and their performance tested in single‐chamber MFCs.RESULTSThe biofilms on the positively charged and hydrophilic G‐CTAB anodes had higher electrocatalytic activity and more diverse microbial populations than those on the G anode. The G‐CTAB‐5 anode showed the best performance, and the maximum output power density (Pmax) of the MFC was 731.3 mW m−2 which was 3.7 times higher than that of the MFC with the G anode.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that the G‐CTAB anode with very low graphene loading exhibited excellent performance. This work provides new prospects for the development of better graphene anodes to further enhance the performance of MFCs. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Development and morphological variation of the axial and appendicular skeleton in hylidae (Lissamphibia, Anura)
Authors: Soliz Mónica , Ponssa María Laura 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe axial and appendicular skeleton, the associated musculature and tendons form a functional system related to specific modes of locomotion in anurans. Many transformations in the structures linked with the locomotor function of the adult occur during larval stages and metamorphosis. In this study, we present the larval ontogeny and adult morphology of the axial and appendicular skeletons of 14 species of frogs in the family Hylidae with different locomotor modes and habitat uses. Among Hylidae, a diversity of shapes, locomotory types occurs (e.g., walker, swimmer, jumper, hopper) and different habitat types occupied (shrubby, terrestrial, aquatic, arboreal). Many elements complete differentiation at the end of metamorphosis; others, such as sesamoids, still show an incomplete development at that stage. Sixty seven characters were scored and optimized in an available phylogeny. Nine characters of developmental timing and adult osteology are optimized as synapomorphies of specific groups. Some characters appear to be related to the locomotor type (e.g., the sacro‐urostyle region configuration is highly linked with the jumping mode; nonexpanded diapophyses would related to aquatic habitat use). Nevertheless, the functional interpretations are quite particular to this family. Monophyletic clades are also groups with shared locomotory modes or habitat uses. Hence, the hypothesis of common ancestry or adaptation can be evaluated, taking into account the analysis level of the phylogenetic context, so that, when a character is inherited via common ancestry, it necessarily means that functional constraints could also be inherited. Here, we outline the basis for further work on: postmetamorphic development as a fundamental period for the complete differentiation of structures related to a full locomotor functionality; the biomechanical performance in relationship to the variation in ligaments and sesamoids; the importance of analyzing these topics within the frame of heterochrony. J. Morphol. 277:786–813, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemotherapy following radium‐223 dichloride treatment in ALSYMPCA
Authors: Sartor Oliver , Hoskin Peter , Coleman Robert E. , Nilsson Sten , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Petrenciuc Oana , Staudacher Karin , Thuresson Marcus , Parker Christopher 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDRadium‐223 prolongs overall survival in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and symptomatic bone metastases, regardless of prior docetaxel. Whether or not chemotherapy can be safely administered following radium‐223 treatment is of clinical importance. An exploratory analysis of prospectively collected data, from the ALSYMPCA (ALpharadin in SYMptomatic Prostate CAncer) patient subgroup who received chemotherapy after radium‐223 or placebo treatment, was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of chemotherapy following radium‐223.METHODSIn ALSYMPCA, CRPC patients with symptomatic bone metastases and no visceral metastases were randomized 2:1 to receive six injections of radium‐223 (50 kBq/kg IV) or placebo plus best standard of care, stratified by prior docetaxel, baseline alkaline phosphatase, and current bisphosphonate use. In this exploratory analysis, chemotherapy agents administered following study treatment were identified; timing and duration were calculated. Hematologic safety was reviewed, and overall survival analyzed.RESULTSOverall, 142 radium‐223 and 64 placebo patients received subsequent chemotherapy; most common were docetaxel (70% radium‐223, 72% placebo) and mitoxantrone (16% radium‐223, 20% placebo). The majority of patients (61% radium‐223, 58% placebo) had received prior docetaxel. Radium‐223 patients started subsequent chemotherapy later than placebo patients; chemotherapy duration was similar between groups. In radium‐223 and placebo patients receiving subsequent chemotherapy, median hematologic values (hemoglobin, neutrophils, and platelets) remained nearly constant up to 18 months following start of chemotherapy, regardless of prior docetaxel treatment. A low percentage of patients in both groups had grades 3–4 hematologic values (<10%). Platelet count decline, from last measurement before chemotherapy, was numerically greater in radium‐223 versus placebo patients. Median overall survivals from start of chemotherapy were 16.0 and 15.8 months following radium‐223 and placebo, respectively.CONCLUSIONSChemotherapy following radium‐223, regardless of prior docetaxel, is feasible and appears to be well tolerated in patients with CRPC and symptomatic bone metastases. Prostate 76:905–916, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. The Prostate published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surgical Non‐governmental Organizations: Global Surgery’s Unknown Nonprofit Sector
Authors: Ng‐Kamstra Joshua S. , Riesel Johanna N. , Arya Sumedha , Weston Brad , Kreutzer Tino , Meara John G. , Shrime Mark G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundCharitable organizations may play a significant role in the delivery of surgical care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). However, in order to quantify their collective contribution, to account for the care they provide in national surgical plans, and to maximize coordination between organizations, a comprehensive database of these groups is required. We aimed to create such a database using web‐available data.MethodsWe searched for organizations that meet the United Nations Rule of Law definition of non‐governmental organizations and provide surgery in LMICs. We termed these surgical non‐governmental organizations (s‐NGOs). We screened multiple sources including a listing of disaster relief organizations, medical volunteerism databases, charity commissions, and the results of a literature search. We performed a secondary review of each eligible organization’s website to verify inclusion criteria and extracted data.ResultsWe found 403 s‐NGOs providing surgery in all 139 LMICs, with most (61 %) incorporating surgery into a broader spectrum of health services. Over 80 % of s‐NGOs had an office in the USA, the UK, Canada, India, or Australia, and they most commonly provided surgery in India (87 s‐NGOs), Haiti (71), Kenya (60), and Ethiopia (55). The most common specialties provided were general surgery (184), obstetrics and gynecology (140), and plastic surgery (116).ConclusionsThis new catalog includes the largest number of s‐NGOs to date, but this is likely to be incomplete. This list will be made publicly available to promote collaboration between s‐NGOs, national health systems, and global health policymakers.