bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A TERMINATOR, A TRANSFORMER, AND JOB MEET: CREATOR–CREATED RELATIONS IN FILM AND SCRIPTURE
Authors: Jones E. Allen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this essay, I set the book of Job in dialogue with a number of films from the robot science fiction subgenre. It is my intention to show that both sets of literature are deeply engaged with questions related to how creators and created things can interact, and that they deal with these questions in ways that illuminate and complement each other. The study proceeds in three phases. First, I develop a typology of robot science fiction as I see it in Hollywood cinematic presentation. Second, I turn to unpack God's response to Job's complaint in Job 38. In this section, I focus particularly on God's self‐description through constructive and parental metaphors. Finally, I suggest how reading these texts together can sharpen our understanding of the way in which the biblical narrative addresses relational dynamics between a creating God and humans as created beings.
STIRPICULTURE: SCIENCE‐GUIDED HUMAN PROPAGATION AND THE ONEIDA COMMUNITY
Authors: Prince Alexandra 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBetween 1869 and 1879, the communal Christian group the Oneida Community undertook a pioneering eugenics experiment called “stirpiculture” in upstate New York. Stirpiculture resulted in the planned conception, birth, and communal rearing of fifty‐eight children, bred from selected members of the Oneida Community. This article concerns how the Oneida Community's unique approach to religion and science provided the framework for the creation, process, and eventual dissolution of the stirpiculture experiment. The work seeks to expand current understanding of the early history of eugenics in the United States by placing its practice more than two decades earlier than is generally considered. Additionally, this article situates the Community's leader John Humphrey Noyes as an early eugenics and social scientific thinker. Finally, the treatment provides a case study for the transitional period in mid to late nineteenth century America whereby scientific modes of epistemology were accommodated within or supplanted by theological worldviews.
ASTROPHYSICS AND CREATION: PERCEIVING THE UNIVERSE THROUGH SCIENCE AND PARTICIPATION
Authors: Benz Arnold O. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractI explore how the notion of divine creation could be made understandable in a worldview dominated by empirical science. The crucial question concerns the empirical basis of belief in creation. Astronomical observations have changed our worldview in an exemplary manner. I show by an example from imaginative literature that human beings can perceive stars by means other than astronomical observation. This alternative mode may be described as “participatory perception,” in which a human experiences the world not by objectifying separation as in science, but by personal involvement. I relate such perceptions to “embodied cognitive science,” a topical interdisciplinary field of research in philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience. Embodied cognitions initiate processes that can convey personal experiences of the stars. Such cognitions may involve religious apprehensions and give rise to sophisticated values. It is argued that the knowledge available through astrophysics and interpretation of the universe as divine creation represent two different ways of perceiving the same reality and should thus be seen as mutually complementary.
THE “SCIENTIFIC MIRACLE OF THE QUR’ĀN,” PSEUDOSCIENCE, AND CONSPIRACISM
Authors: Bigliardi Stefano 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article, after tracing a precise classification of the exegetical trend known as iʿjāz ʿilmī, summarizes and discusses the criticism leveled at it and examines how the “scientific interpretation” of the Qur’ān is liable to blend with pseudoscience and conspiracy theories to the detriment of a solid harmonization of science and religion and of a genuine appreciation of natural science. Furthermore, the article offers some practical ideas that can be implemented in order to effectively and fairly address iʿjāz ʿilmī in the Muslim world.
RELIGION AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AS EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATIONS
Authors: Szocik Konrad 
Published: February 2017

AbstractScholars employing an evolutionary approach to the study of religion and religious beliefs search for ultimate explanations of the origin, propagation, and persistence of religious beliefs. This quest often pairs in debate two opposing perspectives: the adaptationist and “by‐product” explanations of religion and religious beliefs. The majority of scholars prefer the by‐product approach, which is agnostic and even doubtful of the usefulness of religious beliefs. Despite this pervasive negativity, it seems unwarranted to deny the great usefulness of religious beliefs—particularly concerning their past utility. Instead, adaptationist explanations of religion and religious beliefs must be re‐established as interesting and useful approaches to the study of religious beliefs.
POETIC NATURALISM: SEAN CARROLL, SCIENCE, AND MORAL OBJECTIVITY
Authors: Kaufman Whitley 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPhysicist Sean Carroll has developed a new theory of the fundamental nature of reality, which he calls “Poetic Naturalism,” with the stated goal of developing a theory of what is real that is consistent with the findings of natural science. Carroll claims to prove that morality cannot be seen as objectively true. This essay argues that Carroll's conclusion is not convincing; there is no good reason to reject moral objectivity within a purely naturalistic worldview.
FAITH, BELIEF, AND THE COMPATIBILITY OF RELIGION AND SCIENCE
Authors: Recker Doren 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRecent attacks on the compatibility of science and religion by the “militant modern atheists” (Jerry Coyne, Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Sam Harris, Christopher Hitchens) have posed serious challenges for anyone who supports the human importance of religious faith (particularly their identification of “faith” with “believing without evidence”). This article offers a critical analysis of their claims compared with those who do not equate faith with belief. I conclude that (i) the militant modern atheist interpretation of faith undervalues transformative religious experiences, (ii) that more people of faith hold it for this reason than their opponents acknowledge, and (iii) that meaningful dialogue between religion and science is both possible and desirable.
BIBLICAL AND THEISTIC ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE EVOLUTIONARY ARGUMENT AGAINST NATURALISM
Authors: Nieminen Petteri , Boudry Maarten , Ryökäs Esko , Mustonen Anne‐Mari 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlvin Plantinga's evolutionary argument against naturalism states that evolution cannot produce warranted beliefs. In contrast, according to Plantinga, Christian theism provides (I) properly functioning cognitive faculties in (II) an appropriate cognitive environment, in accordance with (III) a design plan aimed at producing true beliefs. But does theism fulfill criteria I–III? Judging from the Bible, God employs deceit in his relations with humanity, rendering our cognitive functions unreliable (I). Moreover, there is no reason to suppose that God's purpose would be to produce true beliefs in humans (III). Finally, from the theistic/religious perspective, it is impossible to tell whether observations have natural or supernatural causes, which undermines an appropriate cognitive environment (II). Reliable identification of deceit or miracles could alleviate these problems, but the theistic community has failed to resolve this issue. Dismissal of parts of the Bible, or attempts to find alternative interpretations, would collapse into skepticism or deism. Thus, Plantinga's problem of epistemic warrant backfires on theism.
FOOD ETHICS: A CRITIQUE OF SOME ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES ON GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD
Authors: al‐Attar Mariam 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article critiques some Islamic approaches to food ethics and the debate over genetically modified (GM) food. Food ethics is a branch of bioethics, and is an emerging field in Islamic bioethics. The article critically analyzes the arguments of the authors who wrote in favor of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) from an Islamic perspective, and those who wrote against GMOs, also from an Islamic perspective. It reveals the theological and the epistemological foundations of the two main approaches. Moreover, it provides an attempt to critique what is perceived as an exclusivist and legalistic trend adopted by some authors. It argues that an alternative approach that acknowledges the priority of reason in ethics and is at the same time rooted in Islamic tradition would be more inclusive and constructive.
IS MY FEELING YOUR PAIN BAD FOR OTHERS? EMPATHY AS VIRTUE VERSUS EMPATHY AS FIXED TRAIT
Authors: Peterson Gregory R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to (1) critique the primary arguments given by Paul Bloom and Jesse Prinz against empathy, and (2) to argue instead that empathy is best understood as a virtue that plays an important but complicated role in the moral life. That it is a virtue does not mean that it always functions well, and empathy sometimes contributes to behavior that is partial and unfair. In some of their writings, both Bloom and Prinz endorse the view that empathy is a fixed trait, but there is little reason to think this, and the studies that they cite do not support this view. Further, a number of recent studies suggest the opposite: our empathic reactions are malleable and subject to environmental effects and learning. Although our capacities for cognitive and emotional empathy are clearly not sufficient for being moral, I argue that they are functionally necessary traits that, like other virtues, must be cultivated correctly.
Investigation and Thermal Analysis of Friction Stir Welding Process Parameters of AA6061 Plates
Authors: Shukla Jalay , Echempati Raghu , Vyasa Rupal , Badheka Vishvesh 
Published: February 2017

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process in which a non-consumable rotating tool with a specially designed pin and shoulder is inserted into the abutting edges of sheets or plates to be joined and subsequently traversed along the joint line. In FSW, a pin tool with different shapes spins against the edges of two metal pieces of same or different thickness positioned next to each other. As the pin travels along, it creates friction that generates heat, mixes, and joins the alloys without melting them. To optimize the process, several researchers created pins of different shape, and geometry, and used them in FSW but varied the depth, rotational speed, and tilt angle of the pins. Statistical analysis has been used to identify the most optimum combination of tool and weld parameters that could support high-speed production. Many studies support that the faster FSW is carried out, the stronger (better weld quality) the resulting welds will be.
The objective of this paper is to predict the effects of some of the process parameters on the performance of the aluminum alloy components joined using ANSYS simulation tool. Although not reported in this paper, the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the welded members have been measured in the laboratory. The goal is to gain an understanding of how FSW can be used to successfully join aluminum alloys and to study the effect of the various process parameters on the process. The material used is AA6061 as it is one of the popular choices for automotive applications. Experiments have been conducted to validate some of the simulation results from ANSYS software.
A Novel Incremental Bending Process of Complex Curved Sheet Metal
Authors: Zuo Qiyang , He Kai , Sun Zhigang , Xu Hui , Li Wei , Li Wei , Dang Xiaobing , Du Ruxu 
Published: February 2017

The bending of complex curved sheet metals of ship hull has long been a challenge in shipbuilding yard on account of some inherent defects of the traditional forming processes such as the line heating. This paper presents a novel incremental bending process based on punching to obtain complex curved steel plates in order to take the place of those inefficient traditional forming processes of ship hull.
The presented incremental bending process is carried out by a series of stepping punches, so it is also defined as incremental punching in this work. By means of this process, the blank plate that is fixed and held by a flexible supporting system can incrementally be bent to the target shape by a press tool with a planned tool trajectory one step after another. Meanwhile, in order to improve geometric accuracy of the formed work-piece, a 3D scanning feedback system is applied to measure the deformation of the work-piece during the forming process. Three dimensional shape of the formed work-piece can be imaged and rebuilt with a large amount of point cloud data by the 3D scanning feedback system. Then the difference between the rebuilt model of the formed work-piece and the target CAD-model can be acquired, which can be used for feedback control of the forming accuracy if necessary.
To validate the presented forming process, an original incremental punching prototype was designed and manufactured, which is mainly composed of a 3-axis CNC machine, a flexible supporting system and a 3D scanning feedback system. A forming experiment of a gradual curvature steel plate was carried out using this prototype and is discussed in detail in this paper in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed incremental bending process of complex curved steel plate.
Development of a Force Sensing Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization Device
Authors: Alotaibi Ahmed M. , Anwar Sohel , Loghmani M. Terry , Chien Stanley 
Published: February 2017

Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) is a form of massage using rigid manufactured or cast devices. The delivered force, which is a critical parameter in massage during IASTM, has not been measured or standardized for most clinical practices. In addition to the force, the angle of treatment and frequency play an important role during IASTM. As a result, there is a strong need to characterize the delivered force to a patient, angle of treatment, and stroke frequency.
This paper proposes a novel mechatronic design for a specific instrument from Graston Technique® (Model GT-3), which is a frequently used tool to clinically deliver localize pressure to the soft tissue. The design uses a 3D load cell, which can measure all three force components force simultaneously. The overall design is implemented with an IMUduino microcontroller chip which can also measure tool orientation angles and provide computed stroke frequency.
The prototype of the mechatronic IASTM tool was validated for force measurements using an electronic plate scale that provided the baseline force values to compare with the applied force magnitudes measured by the device. The load cell measurements and the scale readings were found to be in agreement within the expected degree of accuracy. The stroke frequency was computed using the force data and determining the peaks during force application. The orientation angles were obtained from the built-in sensors in the microchip.
A New Propelled Wing Aircraft Configuration
Authors: Trancossi Michele , Stewart Jill , Pascoa Jose C. 
Published: February 2017

This paper investigates by an energetic approach possible new configurations of aircrafts, which can rival in low speed operations against helicopters. It starts from an effective energy balance of helicopters during fundamental operations: takeoff, horizontal flight, hovering, and landing. The energy state of a helicopter can be written as:
E = ½ mV2 + mgh + ½ I ω2 (1)
where m is mass of helicopter, I is total rotor inertia, ω is rotor rotational speed. By taking the partial derivative with respect to time of equation 1, the power is expressed as
dE/dt = ΔP = mV dV/dt + mg dh/dt (2)
By optimizing the energy balance of the helicopter a new aircraft configuration has been obtained that allow a very high lift even at very low speed, but drastically reducing the energy consumption during horizontal flight. The total power required is obtained by rotor power and overall efficiency factor (η) and HPreq total = η HPreq rotor.
By equations (1) and (2) it has been produced a preliminary optimization in different operative conditions considering a speed range from 0.5 (hovering conditions) to 50 m/s. By an accurate balance of the results, it has been identified that the most disadvantageous situation for a helicopter is forward flight. A new powered wing architecture has been specifically studied for replicating the behaviour of helicopters. Preliminary it has been defined by starting from the energy equations the main characteristics of the propelled wing. From those numerical results it has been defined a new configuration of propelled wing and the new aircraft configuration which allow adequate performance against helicopter. Those wings take a large advantage of two not common features: symmetry with respect to a vertical axis and possibility of optimizing the shape for specific missions.
It has been designed and optimized in different configurations by CFD. In particular, an accurate analysis of fluiddynamic of the system allows quantifying the different effects that allows realizing an extraordinary ratio between lift and thrust producing an effective vehicle that can rival against helicopter also at very low speeds with a morphing configuration that will be presented in the final paper because of patenting reasons. Results show that the proposed innovative aircraft configuration allows hovering and very low speed flight. In particular, the conditions and the design for this kind of operation are presented even if still in initial design stage. The presented aircraft architecture can also allow inverting the direction of motion just by inverting the direction of the thrust. In this case, it will allow overcoming completely the performances of helicopters. The energetic balance of flight has been evaluated and the advantages with respect to helicopters have been finally expressed with surprising results.
A Comparison of Ammonia Measurements Using Fourier Transform Infrared and Tuneable Diode Laser Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Nilton , El-Hamalawi Ashraf , Barrett Richard , Wheatley Andrew , Robinson Jonathan 
Published: February 2017

Current diesel engine after-treatment systems such as Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) use ammonia (NH3) to reduce Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) into Nitrogen (N2) and water. However, if the reaction between NH3 and NOx is unbalanced, it can lead either to NH3 or NOx being released into the environment. As NH3 is classified as a hazardous compound on the environment, its accurate measurement is essential.
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Tuneable Diode Laser (TDL) spectroscopy are two of the methods that can measure raw emissions from engine exhaust pipes, especially NH3. However, it is difficult to suggest which method is the right one for measuring NH3 from engine exhausts.
This paper compares the effectiveness of FTIR and TDL methods for NH3 measurement from diesel engine exhausts, based on tests conducted under well-controlled laboratory conditions. The concentration of NH3 from a diesel engine was measured under both a steady-state test cycle and a transient test cycle. The NH3 readings from FTIR and TDL were analysed, for comparison of precision, response time and their accuracy. It was shown that both techniques were suitable with attention to the different sampling procedures to avoid absorption.
Development of Hybrid Electromagnetic and Mechanical Stimulation System for Enhancement of Nerve Axonal Extension
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuya , Morita Yusuke , Nakamachi Eiji 
Published: February 2017

Recently, the electromagnetic and mechanical stimulation have been recognized as the effective extracellular environmental factor to enhance the defected peripheral nerve tissue regeneration. We designed and fabricated a bioreactor device, which can load the uniform AC magnetic field (ACMF) and the uniform tensile strain to stimulate PC12 nerve cell. For ACMF stimulation system, we used the pole piece structure to enable the uniform ACMF and in-situ microscopic observation. We confirmed the uniformity of magnetic field in the experiments. Further, the uniform strain in the stretch stimulation device was confirmed, even a slightly deviation from the designed strain was observed. It was a negligible small error.
Next, we validated the effectiveness of PC12 axonal extension enhancement by two stimulation methodologies, ACMF and the cyclic stretch, under individual and combined stimulation conditions. ACMF showed a best enhancement effect on axonal extension, such as 70 μm at 96 h culture period, which rate is larger than the case of control. On the other hand, the stretch stimulation caused the exfoliation of cells. Hybrid stimulation succeeded to inhibit the exfoliation. However, the extensional rate was less than the case of ACMF. These results can be used to fabricate a bioreactor of nerve cell regeneration.
Efficient Manufacturing Methods for Hybrid Metal-Polymer Components
Authors: Landgrebe Dirk , Müller Roland , Haase Rico , Scholz Peter , Riemer Matthias , Albert Andre , Grützner Raik , Schieck Frank 
Published: February 2017

Lightweight design for automotive applications gains more and more importance for future products, independent from the powertrain concept. One of the key issues in lightweight design is to utilize the right material for the right application using the right value at the right place. This results irrevocably in a multi-material design.
In order to increase the efficiency in manufacturing car components, the number of single parts in a component is decreased by increasing the complexity. Examples for the state of the art are tailored welded blanks in cold forming, tailored tempering in press hardening or metallic inlays in injection molding of polymers.
The challenge for future production scenarios of multi-material components is to combine existing technologies for metal- and polymer-based applications in efficient hybrid process chains.
This paper shows initial approaches of hybrid process chains for efficient manufacturing of hybrid metal-polymer components. These concepts are feasible for flat as well as for tubular applications. Beside the creation of the final geometric properties of the component by a forming process, integrated joining operations are increasingly required for the efficiency of the production process and the performance characteristics of the final component. Main target of this production philosophy is to create 100% ready-to-install components. This is shown in three examples for hybrid process combinations.
The first example deals with the combination of metal forming and injection molding of polymers. Example number two is the application of hybrid metal-polymer blanks. Finally, example number three shows the advantages of process integrated forming and joining of single basic components.