bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jenis-jenis nyamuk di daerah kawasan industri sidangoli, halmahera dan maluku utara
Authors: Soekirno Mardjan 
Published: December 2017

Mosquitoes Species in Industrial Area Sidangoli, Halmahera, and North Maluku. A Study about mosquitoes species in industrial area Sidangoli, Halmahera, North Maluku was carried out from June 1993 to march 1994, Collections of mosquito from various habitats were done by six methods : (1) Collections of larvae and pupae from various habitats and reared in laboratory, (2) Night man-biting collection, (3) Night animal-biting collections or resting collections around cattle shelter, (4) Morning indoor resting collections, (5) Light trap collections, (6) Space spraying collections. All mosquitoes collected were than brought and identification to each species in the laboratory. The result showed that in industrial area Sidangoli have been identified 18 species of mosquitoes, which consist of 2 species Aedes, 6 species Anopheles, 8 species Culex, and 2 species Mansonia.
Patogenitas cendawan entomopatogen Nomuraea rileyi (Farl.) Sams. terhadap hama Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Trizelia Trizelia 
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this research is to study the pathogenicity of Nomuraea rileyi (Farl.) Sams. to eggs and larvae of Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).The fungi were isolated from insect cadaver of S. exigua. Egg clusters and several instar larvae with different conidial concentrations (106 – 109 conidia/ml) were used in the experiment. The results of experiment showed that there was no effect of all concentrations of fungi on egg mortality. Mortality of S. exigua larvae was dependent on the instar and conidial concentration. Generally with increasing conidial concentrations, the mortality were also increasing.
Pembuatan formulasi ektrak kulit batang Calophyllum soulattri dan aktivitas residu terhadap larva Crocidolomia pavonana
Authors: Syahputra Edy , Prijono Djoko 
Published: December 2017

One option to lessen the problems arising from the use of synthetic insecticides is to exploit plants that have insecticidal activities, such as species of Calophyllum(Clusiaceae). The study has been conducted to prepare insecticidal formulation from C. soulattri bark extract and to evaluate their residual activity against C. pavonana. Formulation prepared by using emulsifier, solvent, and sticking agent. Colour, acidity and emulsion stability were recorded as physic-chemical character of formulation. The result showed that the formulation of C. soulattri bark extract was stable, and their pH was normal. Bioassay of residual activity was done using leaf-residual method. Formulation of bark extract of 66 EC sprayed in suspension concentration of 1% on potted broccoli plant had residual activity around 70.7%-72% with range of half-lives of 9.4-9.6 days.
Ketertarikan Anaxipha longipennis Serville (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) terhadap Beberapa Jenis Gulma di Sawah sebagai Tempat Bertelur
Authors: Karindah Sri , Purwaningsih Ardiyanti , Agustin Anis 
Published: December 2017

Jengkerik Anaxipha longipennis Serville (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) adalah salah satu predator generalis di habitat sawah yang menyukai telur pelipat daun padi dan serangga-serangga kecil lain seperti wereng-wereng padi. Jengkerik betina menyisipkan telurnya pada batang atau pelepah daun padi dan gulma-gulma di habitat sawah. Tempat bertelur yang disukai akan menjamin keberlanjutan keberadaan jengkerik di habitat sawah. Pada penelitian ini telah dicoba untuk mengetahui jenis gulma yang dipilih sebagai tempat bertelur selain pada tanaman padi. Tujuh belas species gulma dan padi telah dipaparkan pada 5 pasang jengkerik sebagai tempat bertelur pada suatu percobaan memilih secara bebas. Sembilan spesies gulma telah dipilih sebagai tempat bertelur oleh A. longipennis selain padi. Telur diletakkan paling banyak pada padi dan berturut-turut diikuti pada Monochoria vaginalis, Cyperus rotundus, C. iria, Echinochloa colonum, E. crusgalli, Eleusine indica, Fimbristylis miliacea, Imperata cylindrica, dan Limnocharis flava. Sedangkan Alternanthera sessilis, Ludwigia adscen-dens, Commelina diffusa, Leersia hexandra, Leptochloa chinensis, P. repens, Ageratum conyzoides dan Sonchus arvensis tidak dipilih oleh A. longipennis sebagai tempat bertelur.
Dispersant technical information sheets - compressing multifaceted toxicity and effectiveness data into a palatable form
Authors: Holland Rob , Varghese Geeva , Heathcote Lucy , Broje Victoria , Coolbaugh Tom 
Published: December 2017

Development of dispersant regulations by competent national authorities or appropriate government regulators forms a critical part of national oil spill contingency planning processes, in alignment with the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation, 1990 (OPRC Convention). Dispersant product approval requirements outline which dispersants are approved for use and how dispersants can be added to a list of approved dispersants by meeting the requirements of specific laboratory-based tests. The tests are designed to screen out least effective or more toxic dispersants and as such can only be used for comparative purposes only and not for assessment of actual impacts or efficiency at sea where mixing and especially exposure conditions would be very different. In many countries the testing requires 3 separate processes (effectiveness, toxicity and biodegradability) to be undertaken to ensure inclusion on an approved list. Outputs from these tests are sometimes in a format that can be difficult or misleading to present and/or interpret in a manner that can readily be disseminated to audiences varying technical and non technical knowledge.
The authors have set about to produce a trio of new dispersant technical information sheets that distil and convey a wide range of common regulatory requirements and product specific results for three widely used marine dispersants. These sheets were developed to bridge the gap between the new IOGP-IPIECA Good Practice Guides and the API Fact Sheet (no.4) to provide the user with a specific level of detail on toxicity and effectiveness to aid in dispelling commonly held beliefs on dispersant exposure effects and to communicate the key messages on laboratory based tests.
Target audiences for the information sheets vary from oil industry, government regulators and environmental protection agencies through to the global scientific/academic community, NGOs and the general public. The style and content are tailored such that complex information is presented in an easily absorbed manner (graphics and simple text) to ensure clarity, understanding and advocacy.
The poster will present the background, approach and final outputs of the work. Information sheets will be displayed and made available to viewers as part of the poster presentation.
Geographic Response Plans: Preparing for Inland Oil Spills in California Waterways
Authors: Burkholder Anna , Addassi Yvonne 
Published: December 2017

California emergency regulations governing the development of oil spill contingency plans and financial responsibility for inland facilities, pipelines, refineries and railroads became effective in 2015, with final regulation adoption scheduled for the fall of 2016. With the California Department of Fish and Wildlife's (CDFW) Office of Spill Prevention and Response's (OSPR) authority for oil spill prevention, preparedness, and response being extended to inland waters of the State, the need to develop Geographic Response Plans (GRP) for sensitive watersheds having relatively high oil spill risk has become a top priority. Previously developed GRPs in California have focused on waterways shared with Nevada and have not considered oil spill response, per se. Given the successful history with developing, implementing, and maintaining the California marine Area Contingency Plans (ACP), OSPR intends to implement a similarly effective GRP program.
GRP's will be driven primarily by access to sites along river systems and lakes where response activities are feasible. Current efforts are underway to complete a Feather River GRP. The Feather River GRP has been vetted through the regional Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) which is comprised of first responders, railroad representatives, and federal, State, and local government agencies. The process of developing GRP's for the State will consist of: 1) developing a consistent framework based on the Feather River GRP, as well as previously developed GRPs; 2) implementing a Statewide GRP Steering Committee; 3) developing partnerships with industry representatives, and federal, State and local agencies, including first responders (LEPC's and others) to ensure critical local expertise and information is incorporated.
With the emerging trend of oil by rail transportation, historical spill threats from other sources, and the promulgation of emergency regulations extending OSPR's oil spill preparedness activities to inland waters, the development of GRP's for at-risk watersheds is critical. The purpose of this poster is to provide an overview of the efforts to produce GRP's to provide oil spill response strategies for inland waters Statewide.
The Refugio Oil Spill Response: Case Study and Lessons’ Learned/Best Practices for the Future
Authors: Addassi Yvonne Najah , Yamamoto Julie , Cullen Thomas M. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
The Refugio Oil Spill occurred on May 19, 2015, due to the failure of an underground pipeline, owned and operated by a subsidiary of Plains All-American Pipeline near Highway 101 in Santa Barbara County. The Responsible Party initially estimated the amount of crude oil released at about 104,000 gallons, with 21,000 gallons reaching the ocean. A Unified Command (UC) was established consisting of Incident Commanders from the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR), Santa Barbara County, and Plains Pipeline with additional participation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and California State Parks. Within hours, the CDFW closed fisheries and the following day Governor Brown declared a state of emergency for Santa Barbara County. The released oil caused heavy oiling of both on and offshore areas at Refugio State Beach and impacted other areas of Santa Barbara and Ventura.
A number of factors created unique challenges for the management of this response. In addition to direct natural resource impacts, the closure of beaches and fisheries occurred days before the Memorial Day weekend resulting in losses for local businesses and lost opportunities for the public. The Santa Barbara community, with its history with oil spills and environmental activism, was extremely concerned and interested in involvement, including the use of volunteers on beaches. Also this area of the coast has significant tribal and archeologic resources that required sensitive handling and coordination. Finally, this area of California’s coast is a known natural seep area which created the need to distinguish spilled from ‘naturally occurring’ oil.
Most emergency responses, including oil spills, follow a similar pattern of command establishment, response and cleanup phases, followed by non-response phase monitoring, cleanup and restoration. This paper will analyze the Refugio oil spill response in three primary focus areas: 1) identify the ways in which this spill response was unique and required innovative and novel solutions; 2) identify the ways in which this response benefited from the ‘lessons’ learned from both the Deepwater Horizon and Cosco Busan oil spills; and 3) provide a summary of OSPR’s response evaluation report for Refugio, with specific focus on how the lessons learned and best practices will inform future planning efforts within California.
The Positives and Perils of Communicating with the Public
Authors: Lyden-Kluss Carleen 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In today’s age of 24/7/365 news cycles, the pace, outlets and breadth of news is faster and more comprehensive than ever before. Every citizen with a cell phone is a reporter, social media is beginning to dominate traditional news sources, and time has become an even more critical factor. There is an old maxim that you don’t want to be exchanging business cards in the middle of a crisis—and in today’s world of instant communications that is valuable time lost.
We have also seen the impact of poor media communications when both the Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon are featured in public relations classrooms as textbook cases of poor management (notwithstanding that the Deepwater Horizon was the largest marine spill in US history by a factor of 20 times, was politically charged, and had a continuous release with related imagery for 60+ days). The Exxon Corporation’s reputation was bound to suffer after the Exxon Valdez ran aground off Alaska and dumped 250,000 barrels of oil into Prince William Sound. But experts in public relations say that Exxon seriously worsened the damage to its public standing by failing to seize control of developments after the spill and establish itself as a company concerned about the problems it had caused (1). In the case of the Deepwater Horizon, people familiar with the inside of BP’s crisis control effort and outside experts say early on, BP didn’t have a public relations strategy. It failed to communicate the three key messages the public needed to hear: That BP was accountable for the disaster, was deeply concerned about the harm it caused and had a plan for what to do. Experts also agree that Hayward’s propensity to say the wrong thing made him the wrong choice to be the face of the crisis, and BP’s board took too long to figure that out. (2)
In a world that is increasingly “wired”, it is imperative to address the public in a responsible, prepared, professional and comprehensive fashion. Every posting is a permanent record of the narrative, if not the events themselves. It is critical to be in control of the narrative to take advantage of positive community engagement, and avoid community backlash, which could lead to interference, or at least a distraction, from the mission at hand, which is to manage an effective response and minimize the impact on lives, the environment, and property.
One of the most important, and lingering, aspects of a successful spill response is managing the public and the press. In the Deepwater Horizon, these aspects proved to be an enormous distraction to the responders, sucking valuable time and energy away from the response itself.
This paper covers the importance of addressing the public, fundamentals of the maritime industry, tools for addressing crisis media management in advance of an event, as well as community building activities that companies can deploy on a regional basis which will bolster a company’s reputation in the region, as well as build a sense of trust with communities that may be affected by an incident.
To Cooperate or Not? Why Working Together is Essential in the Arctic
Authors: Ly Johan Marius , Bergstrøm Rune , Bjerkemo Ole Kristian , Lunde Synnøve 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The Norwegian Arctic covers Svalbard, Bear Island, Jan Mayen and the Barents Sea. 80% of all shipping activities in the Arctic are within Norwegian territorial waters and the Exclusive Economic Zone. To reduce the risk for accidents, the Norwegian authorities have established several preventive measures. Among these are ship reporting systems, traffic separation schemes in international waters and surveillance capabilities. If an accident has occurred and an oil spill response operation must be organized - resources, equipment, vessels and manpower from Norwegian and neighboring states will be mobilized.
In 2015, the Norwegian Coastal Administration finalized an environmental risk-based emergency response analysis for shipping incidents in the Svalbard, Bear Island and Jan Mayen area. This scenario-based analysis has resulted in a number of recommendations that are currently being implemented to be better prepared for oil spill response operations in the Norwegian Arctic. Further, a large national oil spill response exercise in 2016 was based on one of these scenarios involving at sea and onshore oil spill response at Svalbard.
The 2016 exercise, working within the framework of the Agreement on Cooperation on Marine Oil Pollution Preparedness and Response in the Arctic between Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the USA (Arctic Council 2013), focused on a shipping incident in the Norwegian waters in the Barents Sea, close to the Russian border. Every year, as part of the Russian – Norwegian Oil Spill Response Agreement and the SAR Agreement in the Barents Sea, combined SAR and oil spill response exercises are organized. These are held every second year in Russia and every second year in Norway.
There is an expected increased traffic and possible increased risk for accidents in the Arctic waters. In order to build and maintain an emergency response system to this, cooperation between states, communities, private companies and other stakeholders is essential. It is important that all actors that operate and have a role in the Arctic are prepared and able to help ensure the best possible emergency response plans. We depend on one another, this paper highlights some of the ongoing activities designed to strengthen the overall response capabilities in the Arctic.
Effects of tip streaming on the prediction of droplet size distribution in the presence of dispersants during subsea blowouts
Authors: Zhao Lin , Gao Feng , Boufadel Michel C. , King Thomas , Robinson Brian , Lee Kenneth 
Published: December 2017

Abstract (2017-193)
With the presence of surfactants in the fluid mixture, tip streaming phenomenon often occurs where daughter droplets of micron or sub-micron size are ejected from thin threads of the droplet poles. Recent experimental and modeling studies of tip streaming phenomenon have been focusing on the formation of individual droplets. However, effects of tip streaming on the prediction of droplet formation during subsurface oil blowouts have not been thoroughly investigated. Due to the high intensity flow in the blowout, the amount of micron or sub-micron size droplets resulting from tip streaming could be substantial and cannot be ignored. In this study, a new empirical-numerical scheme is developed in the thoroughly-validated droplet formation model, VDROP-J, to account for the tip streaming phenomenon when dispersants are presence. Calibration of the new scheme and model validations are performed in association with the underwater oil jet experiments. The new model development improves the capability of VDROP-J model in application to the cases when dispersants are used, which would provide valuable information of droplet formation during subsea blowouts for decision makers and research groups.
State-of-the-Art Oil Spill Trajectory Prediction in Ice Infested Waters: A Journey from High Resolution Arctic-Wide Satellite Data to Advanced Oil Spill Trajectory Modeling-What You Need to Know
Authors: Beegle-Krause CJ , Nordam Tor , Reed Mark , Daae Ragnhild Lundmark 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIn ice covered waters, successful oil spill response requires predictions of where the oil and ice will travel. The International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP), Arctic Oil Spill Response Technology - Joint Industry Programme (JIP) funded research to improve oil spill response by leveraging new state-of-the-art ice forecasting into oil spill trajectory models. We present an overview of the systems and discuss how these advancements will provide responders with new information for spill preparedness and planning. The Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (NERSC) has developed two coupled ice-ocean models that cover the entire Arctic: TOPAZ4 and neXtSIM. TOPAZ4 uses both in situ ocean data and satellite data; the model also includes an ecosystem model. The neXtSIM model is a new high resolution (3km) coupled ice-ocean which uses daily sea ice thickness and concentration fields from satellites.SINTEF’s Oil Spill Contingency and Response (OSCAR) model can now use output from both TOPAZ and neXtSIM. The OSCAR user can view the ice conditions with the spill, and the oil trajectory is modified by the time dependent ice coverages. Case studies will be discussed that test the implementation for different areas of the Arctic. Through these case studies, we provide new types of information for spill responders. The OSCAR model also includes information on oil weathering in ice from extensive laboratory and flume data for oils in water with and without ice.Case Study 1: In the Beaufort Sea we compare observed ice drifter position time series with the ice drift calculated by the OSCAR model using input from the NERSC models. We then simulate a potential oil spill in the area.Case Study 2: The 2009 Joint Industry Project included fieldwork and modeling for oil released in marginal ice zone in the Barents Sea. In May 2009, 7000 liters of fresh Troll oil was released into the marginal ice zone to study the oil weathering, spreading and overall oil trajectory.
Evaluation of Oil Spill Modeling in Ice Against In Situ Drifter Data from the Beaufort Sea
Authors: French-McCay Deborah , Bakhsh Tayebeh Tajalli , Spaulding Malcolm L. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
While coupled ice-ocean models provide reliable hindcasts and large-scale predictions of ice conditions and movements in the Arctic, to date, operational models have not been implemented with sufficient spatial resolution or skill to define sea ice characteristics and dynamics needed for high resolution oil spill trajectory forecast modeling. Recently (2015) Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre (NERSC) researchers updated their modeling approach and rheology used for pack ice. They found that using the newly developed Elasto-Brittle (EB) model showed significant improvement in performance over the present Elastic-Viscous-Plastic (EVP) modeling approach used in the operational forecast and reanalysis versions of their TOPAZ4 coupled ice-ocean model. NERSC also integrated a wave-in-ice model (WIM) into a newly updated version of TOPAZ, to characterize waves in the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ). RPS ASA’s oil transport and fate models OILMAP and SIMAP (OIL/Spill Impact Model Application Package) were updated, integrating the NERSC ice modeling products for use in transport and oil weathering algorithms. Oil trajectory model simulations, using the existing publically-available TOPAZ4 and updated ice model products, were compared with available in situ drifter data for the Beaufort Sea from the International Arctic Buoy Programme (IABP). The goal was to evaluate model performance (skill) against drifters that were trapped in the pack ice where the EB/EVP rheology applies. The comparisons show that model-based trajectories increasingly diverged from observations over days and weeks due to cumulative errors. The model using EB rheology more closely agreed with the IABP observations than TOPAZ with EVP, and the updated TOPAZ showed improved model performance over TOPAZ4. However, model skill was degraded by time-averaging of ocean and ice model vectors before input to the oil spill model. Demonstrated improvement of oil-in-ice spill modeling would help meet the needs for Arctic oil spill response in the coming decades. While the accuracy of individual oil model trajectories projected weeks to months into the future would be expected to be low, in the event of a spill, forecasts could be updated frequently (on a time scale of hours to days) with satellite information, aircraft observations, drifter data, and other observations to improve reliability. The overall transport patterns and results of an ensemble of trajectories would provide useful information for planning and risk assessments based on typical current and ice movement patterns.