bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi Fibre Arrangement and Wage Inequality: Firm and State‐level Evidence from India and a Theoretical Model
Authors: Kar Mausumi , Kar Saibal 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe phased elimination of Multi Fibre Arrangements (MFA) for textile and apparel has been one of the most compelling trade policy reforms that removed a system of bilateral quotas. The reform brought in significant changes in the industrial structures for exporters from the south, including India. Has the labour‐intensive high‐employment textile and clothing industry in India benefited from this global move towards freer trade? For India, the industry has witnessed unprecedented market concentration of export‐oriented firms. Firm‐level empirical estimate illustrates that workers in the export‐oriented firms in India are adversely affected due to withdrawal of quota. Accumulation of net fixed assets and growth of sales impart positive impact on firm‐level wages that cannot outweigh negative impact due to fall in exports. We also find negative impact of profit on aggregate wage bill for the industry with firms spread over 11 major states in India. We show that the mean deviation of industry‐level wage is positively and significantly associated with mean deviation of the number of factories at the state level and negatively with profit. Finally, a brief analytical exercise obtains conditions under which joint withdrawal of quota and import tariff could raise the aggregate labour income in developing countries, in general.
The Effect of Aggregation Bias: AnNTB‐modelling Analysis of Turkey's Agro‐food Trade with theEU
Authors: Bektasoglu Beyhan , Engelbert Tanja , Brockmeier Martina 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe explore how different data aggregation levels affect the gravity estimates of non‐tariff barriers (NTBs) in the agro‐food sector, and we examine their related impacts on policy simulations of an expansion to the European Union (EU) that would include Turkey. We calculate two sets of ad valorem equivalents (AVEs) ofNTBs using the gravity approach to disaggregated and aggregated Central Product Classification data for 15 Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) agro‐food sectors. We find that theAVEs ofNTBs vary substantially across products and that using aggregated data primarily results in greater effects ofNTBs. In a second step, we incorporate theAVEs ofNTBs into theGTAPmodel to evaluate Turkey'sEUmembership and conclude that aggregation bias has considerable effects on both the estimation ofNTBs and the general equilibrium simulation results. Utilising different data aggregation levels leads to a great variability of trade costs ofNTBs and, hence, to misleading trade and welfare effects.
Comparison of quantitative Y‐90 SPECT and non‐time‐of‐flight PET imaging in post‐therapy radioembolization of liver cancer
Authors: Yue Jianting , Mauxion Thibault , Reyes Diane K. , Lodge Martin A. , Hobbs Robert F. , Rong Xing , Dong Yinfeng , Herman Joseph M. , Wahl Richard L. , Geschwind Jean‐François H. , Frey Eric C. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeRadioembolization with yttrium‐90 microspheres may be optimized with patient‐specific pretherapy treatment planning. Dose verification and validation of treatment planning methods require quantitative imaging of the post‐therapy distribution of yttrium‐90 (Y‐90). Methods for quantitative imaging of Y‐90 using both bremsstrahlung SPECT and PET have previously been described. The purpose of this study was to compare the two modalities quantitatively in humans.MethodsCalibration correction factors for both quantitative Y‐90 bremsstrahlung SPECT and a non‐time‐of‐flight PET system without compensation for prompt coincidences were developed by imaging three phantoms. The consistency of these calibration correction factors for the different phantoms was evaluated. Post‐therapy images from both modalities were obtained from 15 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent hepatic radioembolization using Y‐90 glass microspheres. Quantitative SPECT and PET images were rigidly registered and the total liver activities and activity distributions estimated for each modality were compared. The activity distributions were compared using profiles, voxel‐by‐voxel correlation and Bland–Altman analyses, and activity‐volume histograms.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation of difference in the total activity in the liver between the two modalities was 0% ± 9% (range −21%–18%). Voxel‐by‐voxel comparisons showed a good agreement in regions corresponding roughly to treated tumor and treated normal liver; the agreement was poorer in regions with low or no expected activity, where PET appeared to overestimate the activity. The correlation coefficients between intrahepatic voxel pairs for the two modalities ranged from 0.86 to 0.94. Cumulative activity volume histograms were in good agreement.ConclusionsThese data indicate that, with appropriate reconstruction methods and measured calibration correction factors, either Y‐90 SPECT/CT or Y‐90 PET/CT can be used for quantitative post‐therapy monitoring of Y‐90 activity distribution following hepatic radioembolization.
Focused ultrasound neuromodulation of cortical and subcortical brain structures using 1.9 MHz
Authors: Kamimura Hermes A. S. , Wang Shutao , Chen Hong , Wang Qi , Aurup Christian , Acosta Camilo , Carneiro Antonio A. O. , Konofagou Elisa E. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeUltrasound neuromodulation is a promising noninvasive technique for controlling neural activity. Previous small animal studies suffered from low targeting specificity because of the low ultrasound frequencies (<690 kHz) used. In this study, the authors demonstrated the capability of focused ultrasound (FUS) neuromodulation in the megahertz‐range to achieve superior targeting specificity in the murine brain as well as demonstrate modulation of both motor and sensory responses.MethodsFUS sonications were carried out at 1.9 MHz with 50% duty cycle, pulse repetition frequency of 1 kHz, and duration of 1 s. The robustness of the FUS neuromodulation was assessed first in sensorimotor cortex, where elicited motor activities were observed and recorded on videos and electromyography. Deeper brain regions were then targeted where pupillary dilation served as an indicative of successful modulation of subcortical brain structures.ResultsContralateral and ipsilateral movements of the hind limbs were repeatedly observed when the FUS was targeted at the sensorimotor cortex. Induced trunk and tail movements were also observed at different coordinates inside the sensorimotor cortex. At deeper targeted‐structures, FUS induced eyeball movements (superior colliculus) and pupillary dilation (pretectal nucleus, locus coeruleus, and hippocampus). Histological analysis revealed no tissue damage associated with the FUS sonications.ConclusionsThe motor movements and pupillary dilation observed in this study demonstrate the capability of FUS to modulate cortical and subcortical brain structures without inducing any damage. The variety of responses observed here demonstrates the capability of FUS to perform functional brain mapping.
Isotope independent determination of PET/CT modulation transfer functions from phantom measurements on spheres
Authors: Prenosil George A. , Klaeser Bernd , Hentschel Michael , Fürstner Markus , Berndt Michael , Krause Thomas , Weitzel Thilo 
Published: September 2016

PurposeA PET/CT system's imaging capabilities are best described by its point spread function (PSF) in the spatial domain or equivalently by its modulation transfer function (MTF) in the spatial frequency domain. Knowing PSFs or MTFs is a prerequisite for many numerical methods attempting to improve resolution and to reduce the partial volume effect. In PET/CT, the observed PSF is a convolution of the system's intrinsic imaging capabilities including image reconstruction (PSF0) and the positron range function (PRF) of the imaged β+ emitting isotope. A PRF describes the non‐Gaussian distribution of β+ annihilation events around a hypothetical point source. The main aim was to introduce a new method for determining a PET/CT system's intrinsic MTF (MTF0) from phantom measurements of hot spheres independently of the β+ emitting isotope used for image acquisition. Secondary aim was to examine non‐Gaussian and nonlinear MTFs of a modern iterative reconstruction algorithm.MethodsPET/CT images of seven phantom spheres with volumes ranging from 0.25 to 16 ml and filled either with 18F or with 68Ga were acquired and reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP). MTFs were modeled with linear splines. The spline fit iteratively minimized the mean squared error between the acquired PET/CT image and a convolution of the thereof derived PSF with a numerical representation of the imaged hot phantom sphere. For determining MTF0, the numerical sphere representations were convolved with a PRF, simulating a fill with either 18F or 68Ga. The MTFs determined by this so‐called MTF fit method were compared with MTFs derived from point source measurements and also compared with MTFs derived with a previously published PSF fit method. The MTF fit method was additionally applied to images reconstructed by a vendor iterative algorithm with PSF recovery (Siemens TrueX).ResultsThe MTF fit method was able to determine 18F and 68Ga dependent MTFs and MTF0 from FBP reconstructed images. Root‐mean‐square deviation between fit determined MTFs and point source determined MTFs ranged from 0.023 to 0.039. MTFs from Siemens TrueX reconstructions varied with size of the imaged sphere.ConclusionsMTF0 can be determined regardless of the imaged isotope, when using existing PRF models for the MTF fit method presented. The method proves that modern iterative PET/CT reconstruction algorithms have nonlinear imaging properties. This behaviour is not accessible by point source measurements. MTFs resulting from these clinically applied algorithms need to be estimated from objects of similar geometry to those intended for clinical imaging.
Proton computed tomography using a 1D silicon diode array
Authors: Wang Peng , Cammin Jochen , Bisello Francesca , Solberg Timothy D. , McDonough James E. , Zhu Timothy C. , Menichelli David , Teo Boon‐Keng Kevin 
Published: September 2016

PurposeProton radiography (PR) and proton computed tomography (PCT) can be used to measure proton stopping power directly. However, practical and cost effective proton imaging detectors are not widely available. In this study, the authors investigated the feasibility of proton imaging using a silicon diode array.MethodsA one‐dimensional silicon diode detector array (1DSDA) was aligned with the central axis (CAX) of the proton beam. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) slabs were used to find the correspondence between the water equivalent thickness (WET) and 1DSDA channel number. Two‐dimensional proton radiographs were obtained by translation and rotation of a phantom relative to CAX while the proton nozzle and 1DSDA were kept stationary. A PCT image of one slice of the phantom was reconstructed using filtered backprojection.ResultsPR and PCT images of the PMMA cube were successfully acquired using the 1DSDA. The WET of the phantom was measured using PR data. The resolution and maximum error in WET measurement are 2.0 and 1.5 mm, respectively. Structures down to 2.0 mm in size could be resolved completely. Reconstruction of a PCT image showed very good agreement with simulation. Limitations in spatial resolution are attributed to limited spatial sampling, beam collimation, and proton scatter.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the feasibility of using silicon diode arrays for proton imaging. Such a device can potentially offer fast image acquisition and high spatial and energy resolution for PR and PCT.
Genome Sequence of Bacillus cereus Group Phage SalinJah
Authors: Erill Ivan , Caruso Steven M. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Myoviridae
Bacillus cereus
group bacteriophage SalinJah was isolated from soil collected in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. SalinJah, a cluster C phage with a broad host range, suggests the need to create a new subcluster with SalinJah and Helga as founding members.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Environmentally Isolated Acinetobacter pittii Strain IPK_TSA6.1
Authors: Lee Yunmi , Jang Soojin 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter pittii
is an opportunistic pathogen frequently isolated from
Acinetobacter
infections other than those from
Acinetobacter baumannii
. Multidrug resistance in
A. pittii
, including resistance to carbapenems, has been increasingly reported worldwide. Here, we report the 4.14-Mbp draft genome sequence of
A. pittii
IPK_TSA6.1 that was isolated from a nonhospital setting.
Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus carnosus LTH 3730
Authors: Müller Anne , Klumpp Jochen , Schmidt Herbert , Weiss Agnes 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Specific strains of the apathogenic coagulase-negative species
Staphylococcus carnosus
are frequently used as meat starter cultures, as they contribute to color formation and the production of aroma compounds. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
S. carnosus
LTH 3730, a strain isolated from a fermented fish product.
Draft Genome Sequences of Four Hospital-Associated Pseudomonas putida Isolates
Authors: Mustapha Mustapha M. , Marsh Jane W. , Ezeonwuka Chinelo D. , Pasculle Anthony W. , Pacey Marissa P. , Querry Ashley M. , Muto Carlene A. , Harrison Lee H. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

We present here the draft genome sequences of four
Pseudomonas putida
isolates belonging to a single clone suspected for nosocomial transmission between patients and a bronchoscope in a tertiary hospital. The four genome sequences belong to a single lineage but contain differences in their mobile genetic elements.
Complete Genome Sequences of Campylobacter jejuni Strains OD267 and WP2202 Isolated from Retail Chicken Livers and Gizzards Reveal the Presence of Novel 116-Kilobase and 119-Kilobase Megaplasmids with Type VI Secretion Systems
Authors: Marasini Daya , Fakhr Mohamed K. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Genome sequences of
Campylobacter jejuni
strains OD267 and WP2202, isolated from chicken livers and gizzards, showed the presence of novel 116-kb and 119-kb megaplasmids, respectively. The two megaplasmids carry a type VI secretion system and tetracycline resistance genes. These are the largest sequenced
Campylobacter
plasmids to date.
Draft Genome Sequences of the Probiotic Enterococcus faecalis Symbioflor 1 Clones DSM16430 and DSM16434
Authors: Fritzenwanker Moritz , Chakraborty Anindita , Hain Torsten , Zimmermann Kurt , Domann Eugen 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

The probiotic Symbioflor 1 is a historical concoction of 10 isolates of
Enterococcus faecalis
. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed two groups: one comprising eight identical clones (DSM16430, DSM16432, DSM16433, DSM16435 to DSM16439) and a further two isolates (DSM16431, DSM16434) with marginally different profiles. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the draft genome sequences of representative isolates.
Effectiveness of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a scoping review
Authors: Hudon Catherine , Chouinard Maud-Christine , Lambert Mireille , Dufour Isabelle , Krieg Cynthia 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveFrequent users of healthcare services are a vulnerable population, often socioeconomically disadvantaged, who can present multiple chronic conditions as well as mental health problems. Case management (CM) is the most frequently performed intervention to reduce healthcare use and cost. This study aimed to examine the evidence of the effectiveness of CM interventions for frequent users of healthcare services.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesAn electronic literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE, Scopus and CINAHL databases covering January 2004 to December 2015. A specific search strategy was developed for each database using keywords ‘case management’ and ‘frequent use’.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesTo be included in the review, studies had to report effects of a CM intervention on healthcare use and cost or patient outcomes. Eligible designs included randomised and non-randomised controlled trials and controlled and non-controlled before–after studies. Studies limited to specific groups of patients or targeting a single disease were excluded. Three reviewers screened abstracts, screened each full-text article and extracted data, and discrepancies were resolved by consensus.ResultsThe final review included 11 articles evaluating the effectiveness of CM interventions among frequent users of healthcare services. Two non-randomised controlled studies and 4 before–after studies reported positives outcomes on healthcare use or cost. Two randomised controlled trials, 2 before–after studies and 1 non-randomised controlled study presented mitigated results. Patient outcomes such as drug and alcohol use, health locus of control, patient satisfaction and psychological functioning were evaluated in 3 studies, but no change was reported.ConclusionsMany studies suggest that CM could reduce emergency department visits and hospitalisations as well as cost. However, pragmatic randomised controlled trials of adequate power that recruit the most frequent users of healthcare services are still needed to clearly confirm its effectiveness.
Trichomonas vaginalis infection is uncommon in the British general population: implications for clinical testing and public health screening
Authors: Field Nigel , Clifton Soazig , Alexander Sarah , Ison Catherine A , Khanom Rumena , Saunders Pamela , Hughes Gwenda , Heath Laura , Beddows Simon , Mercer Catherine H , Tanton Clare , Johnson Anne M , Sonnenberg Pam 
Published: September 2016

IntroductionVariable use of new molecular assays, asymptomatic infections and a lack of population data mean that the population burden of Trichomonas vaginalis is uncertain. We investigated the age-specific prevalence of T. vaginalis within the sexually active British general population to inform testing strategies.MethodsBritain's third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyle (Natsal-3) is a probability sample survey of 15 162 individuals aged 16–74 years, undertaken during 2010–2012. Urine from 4386 participants aged 16–44 years reporting ≥1 lifetime sexual partner was tested for T. vaginalis using in-house real-time PCR.ResultsUrinary T. vaginalis was detected in seven women and no men providing urine samples, giving a weighted prevalence estimate of 0.3% (95% CI 0.1% to 0.5%) in sexually experienced women aged 16–44 years. Of the seven women with T. vaginalis detected, four were of black or mixed ethnicity (prevalence 2.7% (0.9% to 7.7%) in this group) and five reported recent partners of black or mixed ethnicity. Six of the women reported symptoms, and five reported sexual health clinic attendance in the past 5 years (prevalence in those reporting clinic attendance: 1.0% (0.4% to 2.3%)). The prevalence of a self-reported history of T. vaginalis (past 5 years) was 0.1% (0.0% to 0.2%) in women and 0.0% (0.0% to 0.2%) in men aged 16–44 years.ConclusionsOur British population prevalence estimates indicate that T. vaginalis is a rare infection. These data support policies that restrict asymptomatic screening for T. vaginalis and suggest deployment of molecular tests should be focused within clinical settings and guided by symptoms and local demography.
Endothelial Cells Require CD98 for Efficient Angiogenesis—Brief Report
Authors: Liao Zhongji , Cantor Joseph M. 
Published: September 2016

Objective—
CD98 regulates integrin signaling and is critical for tumor cell proliferation. It is also expressed on endothelial cells (EC), but its role in angiogenesis is unclear.

Approach and Results—
We used specific genetic targeting and antibody blockade approaches to examine the function of CD98 in EC proliferation, blood vessel growth, and tumor angiogenesis. It is upregulated on angiogenic ECs, and EC-specific deletion of CD98 in mice inhibited tumor growth, retinal angiogenesis, and EC proliferation. Reconstitution with CD98 mutants showed that integrin and CD98 interaction is necessary for EC survival and growth. Moreover, anti-CD98 treatment inhibited vessel formation and reversed EC-assisted tumor growth.

Conclusions—
Our findings demonstrate a requirement for CD98 in EC growth and suggest that CD98-specific reagents could have a dual anticancer effect: directly by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and indirectly by preventing tumor angiogenesis.
Sex Differences and Survival in Adults With Bicuspid Aortic Valves: Verification in 3 Contemporary Echocardiographic Cohorts
Authors: Michelena Hector I. , Suri Rakesh M. , Katan Ognjen , Eleid Mackram F. , Clavel Marie‐Annick , Maurer Mathew J. , Pellikka Patricia A. , Mahoney Douglas , Enriquez‐Sarano Maurice 
Published: September 2016

Background
Sex‐related differences in morbidity and survival in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) adults are fundamentally unknown. Contemporary studies portend excellent survival for BAV patients identified at early echocardiographic‐clinical stages. Whether BAV adults incur a survival disadvantage throughout subsequent echocardiographic‐clinical stages remains undetermined.

Methods and Results

Analysis was done of 3 different cohorts of consecutive patients with echocardiographic diagnosis of BAV identified retrospectively: (1) a community cohort of 416 patients with first BAV diagnosis (age 35±21 years, follow‐up 16±7 years), (2) a tertiary clinical referral cohort of 2824 BAV adults (age 51±16 years, follow‐up 9±6 years), and (3) a surgical referral cohort of 2242 BAV adults referred for aortic valve replacement (AVR) (age 62±14 years, follow‐up 6±5 years). For the community cohort, 20‐year risks of aortic regurgitation (AR), AVR, and infective endocarditis were higher in men (all
P
≤0.04); for a total BAV‐related morbidity risk of 52±4% vs 35±6% in women (
P
=0.01). The cohort's 25‐year survival was identical to that in the general population (
P
=0.98). AR independently predicted mortality in women (
P
=0.001). Baseline AR was more common in men (
P
≤0.02) in the tertiary cohort, with 20‐year survival lower than that in the general population (
P
<0.0001); age‐adjusted relative death risk was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05‐1.29) for men versus 1.67 (95% CI 1.38‐2.03) for women (
P
=0.001). AR independently predicted mortality in women (
P
=0.01). Baseline AR and infective endocarditis were higher in men (both ≤0.001) for the surgical referral cohort, with 15‐year survival lower than that in the general population (
P
<0.0001); age‐adjusted relative death risk was 1.34 (95% CI 1.22‐1.47) for men versus 1.63 (95% CI 1.40‐1.89) for women (
P
=0.026). AR and NYHA class independently predicted mortality in women (both
P
≤0.04).

Conclusions
Within evolving echocardiographic‐clinical stages, the long‐term survival of adults with BAV is not benign, as both men and women incur excess mortality. Although BAV‐related morbidity is higher in men in the community, and AR and infective endocarditis are more prevalent in men, women exhibit a significantly higher relative risk of death in tertiary and surgical referral cohorts, which is independently associated with AR.