bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Back‐up procedures following complicated gastric pull‐up procedure for esophageal reconstruction: Salvage with intestinal flaps
Authors: Sacak Bulent , Orfaniotis Georgios , Nicoli Fabio , Liu En‐Wei , Ciudad Pedro , Chen Shih‐Heng , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundGastric pull‐up (GPU) is the most common procedure for restoring the continuity of the alimentary tract. Yet, complications because of anastomotic problems are reported to be as high as 25% after this procedure. Managing the neck with anastomotic leakage or stricture following failed GPU and/or radiotherapy is formidable. We report our method, basic algorithm and results with the complicated GPU procedure management with intestinal transfers .Patients and methodsNineteen cases referred to our department with complicated esophageal reconstruction following GPU procedure were included in this report. Of the19 patients, 18 had undergone GPU procedure for reconstruction after cancer resection (mean age 55 years) and one for idiopathic esophagitis (mean age 45years). Fifteen patients presented with severe stricture formation and 4 patients with leakage from the anastomotic site. Average time between the GPU and salvage procedures was 7.3 months for patients with stricture formation and 15.5 days for patients with leakage. Pedicled colon interposition (n = 8) was used when the upper end of the gastric tube was located below the sternoclavicular junction. A free jejunal flap (n = 11) was utilized when defects were located at the neck (above the sternoclavicular junction).ResultsIn all patients salvage procedures with intestinal flap transfer were successful with complete flap survival. Post‐operative period was uneventful except of two patients with pedicled colon interposition who presented minor leakage post‐operatively (10.5%). This was treated with conservative means, leading to spontaneous healing. The average follow‐up for the patients with tumor resection was 11.8 months (range: 6 to 30) after the salvage procedure. All patients resumed smooth oral intake eventually. There were 16 patients who could feed with solid diet, whereas three patients were able to tolerate only soft diet.ConclusionIntestinal tissues can be safely and successfully transferred as salvage procedures, with meticulous technique, careful patient selection and individual flap design. While gastric pull‐up remains a good procedure for esophageal reconstruction, the methods described in this report are useful as back‐up armaments in complicated cases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:567–572, 2016.
Ingestion of frying fat leads to activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced unfolded protein response in the duodenal mucosa of pigs
Authors: Ringseis Robert , Kynast Anna Marie , Couturier Aline , Most Erika , Eder Klaus 
Published: December 2015

ScopeIngestion of oxidized fats (OF) causes activation of stress signaling pathways such as nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the intestine. Activation of this pathway is mediated by ER stress‐induced unfolded protein response (UPR). Herein, we hypothesized that ingestion of OF causes ER stress‐induced UPR in duodenal mucosa of pigs.Methods and resultsSix‐wk‐old cross‐bred pigs received either a control diet with fresh fat or a diet with OF for 29 days. Pigs fed OF exhibited increased phosphorylation of the ER stress downstream target eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α and induction of several genes involved in ER stress‐induced UPR and Nrf2 target genes in duodenal mucosa. No signs of an impaired intestinal barrier function or a systemic inflammatory response could be found in pigs fed OF.ConclusionActivation of ER stress‐induced UPR by OF in the duodenal mucosa in pigs might be interpreted as a cytoprotective response to stress factors associated with ingestion of OF. Given the similarities between pigs and humans with respect to digestive physiology, it is possible that regular ingestion of fried foods containing OF activates the ER stress‐induced UPR also in the intestinal mucosa of humans.
Selection of sand models and identification of parameters using an enhanced genetic algorithm
Authors: Jin Yin‐Fu , Yin Zhen‐Yu , Shen Shui‐Long , Hicher Pierre‐Yves 
Published: December 2015

SummaryNumerous constitutive models of granular soils have been developed during the last few decades. As a consequence, how to select an appropriate model with the necessary features based on conventional tests and with an easy way of identifying parameters for geotechnical applications has become a major issue. This paper aims to discuss the selection of sand models and parameters identification by using genetic algorithm. A real‐coded genetic algorithm is enhanced for the optimization with high efficiency. Models with gradually varying features (elastic‐perfectly plastic modelling, nonlinear stress–strain hardening, critical state concept and two‐surface concept) are selected from numerous sand models as examples for optimization. Conventional triaxial tests on Hostun sand are selected as the objectives in the optimization. Four key points are then discussed in turn: (i) which features are necessary to be accounted for in constitutive modelling of sand; (ii) which type of tests (drained and/or undrained) should be selected for an optimal identification of parameters; (iii) what is the minimum number of tests that should be selected for parameter identification; and (iv) what is the suitable and least strain level of objective tests to obtain reliable and reasonable parameters. Finally, a useful guide, based on all comparisons, is provided at the end of the discussion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends in surgical management and pre‐operative urodynamics in female medicare beneficiaries with mixed incontinence
Authors: Chughtai Bilal , Hauser Nicholas , Anger Jennifer , Asfaw Tirsit , Laor Leanna , Mao Jialin , Lee Richard , Te Alexis , Kaplan Steven , Sedrakyan Art 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveWe sought to examine the surgical trends and utilization of treatment for mixed urinary incontinence among female Medicare beneficiaries.MethodsData was obtained from a 5% national random sample of outpatient and carrier claims from 2000 to 2011. Included were female patients 65 and older, diagnosed with mixed urinary incontinence, who underwent surgical treatment identified by Current Procedural Terminology, Fourth Edition (CPT‐4) codes. Urodynamics (UDS) before initial and secondary procedure were also identified using CPT‐4 codes. Procedural trends and utilization of UDS were analyzed.ResultsUtilization of UDS increased during the study period, from 38.4% to 74.0% prior to initial surgical intervention, and from 28.6% to 62.5% preceding re‐intervention. Sling surgery (63.0%) and injectable bulking agents (28.0%) were the most common surgical treatments adopted, followed by sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) (4.8%) and Burch (4.0%) procedures. Re‐intervention was performed in 4.0% of patients initially treated with sling procedures and 21.3% of patients treated with bulking agents, the majority of whom (51.7% and 76.3%, respectively) underwent injection of a bulking agent. Risk of re‐intervention was not different among those who did or did not receive urodynamic tests prior to the initial procedure (8.5% vs. 9.3%)ConclusionsSling and bulk agents are the most common treatment for MUI. Preoperative urodynamic testing was not related to risk of re‐intervention following surgery for mixed urinary incontinence in this cohort. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:422–425, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prematurity, Birth Weight, and Socioeconomic Status Are Linked to Atypical Diurnal Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Activity in Young Adults
Authors: Winchester Suzy Barcelos , Sullivan Mary C. , Roberts Mary B. , Granger Douglas A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn a prospective, case‐controlled longitudinal design, 180 preterm and fullterm infants who had been enrolled at birth participated in a comprehensive assessment battery at age 23. Of these, 149 young adults, 34 formerly full‐term and 115 formerly preterm (22 healthy preterm, 48 with medical complications, 21 with neurological complications, and 24 small for gestational age) donated five saliva samples from a single day that were assayed for cortisol to assess diurnal variation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Analyses were conducted to determine whether prematurity category, birth weight, and socioeconomic status were associated with differences in HPA axis function. Pre‐ and perinatal circumstances associated with prematurity influenced the activity of this environmentally sensitive physiological system. Results are consistent with the theory of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease and highlight a possible mechanism for the link between prematurity and health disparities later in life. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic study of low‐temperature imidization of poly(amic acid)s and preparation of colorless, transparent polyimide films
Authors: Yu Hwan‐Chul , Jung Jae‐Woo , Choi Ju‐Young , Chung Chan‐Moon 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTConventional synthesis of polyimides includes high‐temperature (160–350 °C) imidization of poly(amic acid)s. In the present work, imidization has been carried out at much lower temperatures (40–160 °C). 1,2,4,5,‐cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (HPMDA) or pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) was polymerized with an aromatic diamine, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDPM), to give poly(amic acid)s, which were then imidized chemically. Imidization was more than 90% complete even at the very low imidization temperature of 40 °C. It was found that the imidization occurs in two steps: an initial rapid cyclization and a subsequent slower cyclization. The activation energy for the rapid process was determined to be 4.3 kJ/mol, and that of the slower process, 4.8 kJ/mol. As the imidization temperature decreases, the transmittance of the resulting polyimides tends to gradually increase, the cutoff wavelength decreases and the color becomes pale. A partially aliphatic polyimide based on HPMDA and DDPM prepared at 40 °C yielded thin films that were highly transparent and colorless, and had good flexibility, solubility and thermal stability. The polyimide films prepared in this study may be good candidates for flexible, transparent plastic substrates in the display industry. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1593–1602
Pulmonary function and fitness years after treatment for hypersensitivity pneumonitis during childhood
Authors: Sisman Yagmur , Buchvald Frederik , Blyme Anne Katrine , Mortensen Jann , Nielsen Kim Gjerum 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBackgroundHypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune‐mediated diffuse lung disease. Significant improvement in lung function and diffusing capacity after treatment was previously demonstrated, while long‐term data focusing specifically on peripheral airway impairment and peak oxygen uptake (fitness) are lacking. Hence, the aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive study to determine the stability of pulmonary function and fitness in patients previously diagnosed with HP.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional follow‐up study with inclusion of longitudinal data if available in patients previously diagnosed with biopsy and high‐resolution computed tomography‐verified HP during childhood. We performed multiple breath wash‐out (LCI2.5), spirometry (FEV1), bronchiodilator responsiveness test, diffusing capacity (DLCO and DLCO/VA), body‐plethysmography (TLC), and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). St. George Respiratory Questionnaire was used as a measure of respiratory quality of life.ResultsTwenty two patients were assessed. LCI2.5 was abnormal in 47.4% compared to abnormal FEV1 in only 9.1% and without significant bronchiodilator responsiveness. DLCO and TLC were abnormal in 40.9 and 13.6%, respectively, while DLCO/VA was within normal range. Only 11.1% demonstrated abnormal VO2peak. All longitudinally assessed outcomes remained unchanged between end of treatment and time of follow up.ConclusionsA large proportion of patients previously diagnosed with HP had abnormal LCI2.5 in contrast to normal spirometry. Spirometric outcomes, TLC, and diffusing capacity were persistently slightly reduced, but stable, and VO2peak was excellent at time of follow‐up. Long‐term prognosis in children with HP appears favorable although persistent peripheral airway involvement of unknown clinical significance was demonstrated in almost half of the patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:830–837. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative mass spectrometric and immunoassay‐based proteome analysis in serum of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients
Authors: Oonk Stijn , Spitali Pietro , Hiller Monika , Switzar Linda , Dalebout Hans , Calissano Mattia , Lochmüller Hanns , Aartsma‐Rus Annemieke , Hoen Peter A. C.’t , van der Burgt Yuri E. M. 
Published: December 2015

PurposeDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe and fatal neuromuscular disease. With the current developments on novel therapeutic strategies for DMD, the need to carefully monitor disease progression or regression upon treatment using molecular markers has become urgent.Experimental design2D LC protein fractionation was performed on patient serum samples, followed by LC‐MS/MS‐based identifications with label‐free quantifications.ResultsProtein signatures were compared between patients and healthy (child and adult) controls and between ambulant and nonambulant patients. Various myofibrillar proteins demonstrated differences between DMD patients and controls, likely due to leakiness and breakdown of muscle fibers. Previously reported biomarkers, such as muscle‐derived titin, myosin, and carbonic anhydrase I (CA1), were verified. MS‐based results were compared with ELISA for vitamin D binding protein (GC), fibulin‐1 (FBLN1), gelsolin (GSN), and carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1).Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe combined results of MS‐ and ELISA‐based quantifications indicated more studies are needed to validate this serum protein signature for DMD patients. With these data promising candidate biomarkers have been identified for a rare genetic disease using serum proteome analysis.
The influence of liver‐extract on the oxygen consumption of mammalian erythrocytes: I. Properties of the constituents of the system
Authors: Overbeek G. A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractVarious aspects of the reaction of Michaelis and Salomon (increased oxygen consumption of mammalian erythrocytes after the addition of liver‐extract) have been studied and compared with the methylene‐blue respiration of the erythrocytes.The most important facts are the following:1) Each of the individual components of the system could be made a limiting factor by increasing the concentration of the other components. In methylene‐blue respiration both components are limiting factors at all concentrations.2) Erythrocytes of man and the rabbit reacted with liver‐extract; those of hogs sometimes did. Rat erythrocytes did not react. An interesting correlations between this reactivity and the blood catalase level was demonstrated No difference was observed in the behaviour of erythrocytes from rabbits and rats with methylene‐blue as an activator.3) In contradiction with current literature, no abnormal reaction of erythrocytes of patients, suffering from pernicious anaemia, was found.4) The intactness of the cell proved to be in no way necessary, though other authors suppose that it is. Haemolysed erythrocytes, freed from cell‐remnants reacted like a suspension of erythrocytes, provided the haemoglobin concentration was of the same magnitude. Methylene‐blue does not increase the oxygen consumption of haemolysed erythrocytes.5) The active principle of the liver‐extract proved to be thermolabile and destroyable by irradiation with ultraviolet light.6) Antianaemic liver preparations were inactive.7) Oxygen consumption was increased in the presence of fluoride. This effect is probably caused by an inhibition of glycolysis and therefore suggests consumption of carbohydrates (Pasteur‐Meyerhof reaction).8) Carbon dioxide was produced during the reaction. The respiratory quotient was about 0.9.
Arsenite‐induced endoplasmic reticulum‐dependent apoptosis through disturbance of calcium homeostasis in HBE cell line
Authors: Chen Chengzhi , Gu Shiyan , Jiang Xuejun , Zhang Zunzhen 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTCalcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous cell signal responsible for multiple fundamental cellular functions, including apoptosis. Whether the homeostasis of Ca2+ is involved in arsenite‐induced apoptosis remains unclear. In this study, we observed that arsenite significantly elevated the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. By using the Ca2+‐ATPase inhibitor, thapsigargin, and the inositol 1,4,5‐ trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) inhibitor, heparin, we further confirmed that the disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ homeostasis caused Ca2+ overload in the cells. Moreover, loss of ER Ca2+ homeostasis also led to ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and NF‐κB activation. Importantly, pretreatment of cells with heparin remarkably attenuated the elevated cell apoptosis induced by arsenite, but inhibition of ER Ca2+ uptake with thapsigargin exacerbated arsenite‐induced cell damage significantly. Together, we demonstrated for the first time that arsenite disturbed the Ca2+ homeostasis in ER, which subsequently led to ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and NF‐κB nuclear translocation, and thus consequently triggering cell apoptosis. Our findings indicate regulation of disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis in ER may be a potential strategy for prevention of arsenite toxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 197–216, 2017.
Impact of EMG Changes in Continuous Vagal Nerve Monitoring in High‐Risk Endocrine Neck Surgery
Authors: Brauckhoff Katrin , Vik Renate , Sandvik Lorentz , Heimdal John‐Helge , Aas Turid , Biermann Martin , Brauckhoff Michael 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundContinuous vagal intraoperative neuromonitoring (CIONM) of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) may reduce the risk of RLN lesions during high‐risk endocrine neck surgery such as operation for large goiter potentially requiring transsternal surgery, advanced thyroid cancer, and recurrence.MethodsFifty‐five consecutive patients (41 female, median age 61 years, 87 nerves at risk) underwent high‐risk endocrine neck surgery. CIONM was performed using the commercially available NIM‐Response 3.0 nerve monitoring system with automatic periodic stimulation (APS) and matching endotracheal tube electrodes (Medtronic Inc.). All CIONM events (decreased amplitude/increased latency) were recorded.ResultsAPS malfunction occurred on three sides (3 %). A total of 138 CIONM events were registered on 61 sides. Of 138, 47 (34 %) events were assessed as imminent (13 events) or potentially imminent (34 events) lesions, whereas 91 (66 %) were classified as artifacts. Loss of signal was observed in seven patients. Actions to restore the CIONM baseline were undertaken in 58/138 (42 %) events with a median 60 s required per action. Four RLN palsies (3 transient, 1 permanent) occurred: one in case of CIONM malfunction, two sudden without any significant previous CIONM event, and one without any CIONM event. The APS vagus electrode led to temporary damage to the vagus nerve in two patients.ConclusionsCIONM may prevent RLN palsies by timely recognition of imminent nerve lesions. In high‐risk endocrine neck surgery, CIONM may, however, be limited in its utility by system malfunction, direct harm to the vagus nerve, and particularly, inability to indicate RLN lesions ahead in time.
Normal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Anterolateral Knee Ligament with a T2/T1-Weighted 3-Dimensional Sequence: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Klontzas Michail E. , Maris Thomas G. , Zibis Aristeidis H. , Karantanas Apostolos H. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose The anatomy of the lateral knee compartment has been recently further explored with description of the anterolateral knee ligament (ALL). The purpose of this study was to confirm the presence of ALL on cadaveric knees and to describe its normal anatomy in young healthy volunteers, utilizing a high-resolution 3-dimensional (3D) pulse sequence. Methods Dissection was performed on 9 cadaveric knees in order to confirm the presence of ALL. Conventional 2-dimensional sequences of 10 knees at 1.5 T and 10 knees at 3 T, with a slice thickness of 2-4 mm, were reviewed for the presence of ALL. A 3D T2/T1-weighted gradient echo sequence (constructive interference in steady state [CISS]), yielding in-plane resolution of 0.4 mm × 0.4 mm × 0.4 mm, was applied in 14 healthy volunteers (26 knees). All 3D images were manipulated using multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and the presence and width of ALL were recorded. Results Cadaveric dissection disclosed the presence of ALL in 8 of 9 knees. Conventional knee MR imaging depicted ALL only on coronal images (18 of 20) whereas the CISS revealed ALL on 24 of 26 studied knees (92.3%). ALL has a mean thickness of 1.1 ± 0.27 mm measured on coronal MR images. Conclusions ALL can be thoroughly assessed in young healthy individuals with the use of high-resolution 3D MR imaging with MPR at 1.5 T.
Heat-flux enhancement by vapour-bubble nucleation in Rayleigh–Bénard turbulence
Authors: Narezo Guzman Daniela , Xie Yanbo , Chen Songyue , Fernandez Rivas David , Sun Chao , Lohse Detlef , Ahlers Guenter 
Published: December 2015

We report on the enhancement of turbulent convective heat transport due to vapour-bubble nucleation at the bottom plate of a cylindrical Rayleigh–Bénard sample (aspect ratio 1.00, diameter 8.8 cm) filled with liquid. Microcavities acted as nucleation sites, allowing for well-controlled bubble nucleation. Only the central part of the bottom plate with a triangular array of microcavities (etched over an area with diameter of 2.5 cm) was heated. We studied the influence of the cavity density and of the superheat $T_{b}-T_{on}$ ($T_{b}$ is the bottom-plate temperature and $T_{on}$ is the value of $T_{b}$ below which no nucleation occurred). The effective thermal conductivity, as expressed by the Nusselt number $\mathit{Nu}$, was measured as a function of the superheat by varying $T_{b}$ and keeping a fixed difference $T_{b}-T_{t}\simeq 16$ K ($T_{t}$ is the top-plate temperature). Initially $T_{b}$ was much larger than $T_{on}$ (large superheat), and the cavities vigorously nucleated vapour bubbles, resulting in two-phase flow. Reducing $T_{b}$ in steps until it was below $T_{on}$ resulted in cavity deactivation, i.e. in one-phase flow. Once all cavities were inactive, $T_{b}$ was increased again, but they did not reactivate. This led to one-phase flow for positive superheat. The heat transport of both one- and two-phase flow under nominally the same thermal forcing and degree of superheat was measured. The Nusselt number of the two-phase flow was enhanced relative to the one-phase system by an amount that increased with increasing $T_{b}$. Varying the cavity density (69, 32, 3.2, 1.2 and $0.3~\text{mm}^{-2}$) had only a small effect on the global $\mathit{Nu}$ enhancement; it was found that $\mathit{Nu}$ per active site decreased as the cavity density increased. The heat-flux enhancement of an isolated nucleating site was found to be limited by the rate at which the cavity could generate bubbles. Local bulk temperatures of one- and two-phase flows were measured at two positions along the vertical centreline. Bubbles increased the liquid temperature (compared to one-phase flow) as they rose. The increase was correlated with the heat-flux enhancement. The temperature fluctuations, as well as local thermal gradients, were reduced (relative to one-phase flow) by the vapour bubbles. Blocking the large-scale circulation around the nucleating area, as well as increasing the effective buoyancy of the two-phase flow by thermally isolating the liquid column above the heated area, increased the heat-flux enhancement.