bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensuring ethical maternal care: addressing episiotomy trends in Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Manal , Niazi Muhammad Adan Zaman Khan , Bajwa Alishba 
Published: October 2024

Madam,
The use of routine episiotomies, particularly those performed without consent, is a concerning and escalating trend during childbirth in Pakistan. An Episiotomy is a surgical incision in the pelvic floor to enlarge the vaginal opening during labour. The incision is performed under local anaesthetic with scissors. It is deemed necessary only under certain conditions: abnormal progression of labour, suspected foetal distress, vacuum or forceps childbirth, and shoulder dystocia.1,2 Despite the WHO’s recommendation of an episiotomy rate of less than 10% to be considered safe, the rates are disproportionately high in Pakistan. This prompts the need for improved maternal care that is responsible, accountable, and consensual.3
The need for respectful maternal care is crucial in Pakistan. A study conducted in Rawalpindi analysed data from 124798 deliveries and found an 80% incidence of routine episiotomies during normal vaginal deliveries in primigravida cases.3 Another cross-sectional study conducted in Karimabad on 235 patients, also revealed an alarming prevalence of episiotomies, with a rate of 78%.4 These rates differ significantly from those of other countries, such as 17% in New Zealand and 36.5% in Norway, underscoring the potential overuse of episiotomies beyond medical need in Pakistan. Cultural beliefs and a lack of adequately trained staff likely exacerbate this disparity.2,3 Furthermore, increasing episiotomy rates can adversely impact emotional well-being, cause perineal trauma, difficulty in breastfeeding, infection, and delayed healing.2 The intensity of these impacts and the high incidence of episiotomy highlight the need for comprehensive reforms in maternal care practices to ensure the safety and well-being of women.
To address this issue, it is imperative to adopt a multifaceted approach that prioritizes informed consent and aims to curb the increasing trend of episiotomies. A commonly presumed benefit of an episiotomy is the prevention of advanced tears; yet, a randomized control trial on 676 patients found no association between decreased use of episiotomy and significant prevalence of severe tears.5 This stresses the need to shift to a policy of selective episiotomies like that implemented in Vietnam. The approach encompasses allocating a budget for routine training of staff, regularly recording rates of episiotomy/tears and including updated guidance about the use of episiotomies within the curriculum.2 Furthermore, when performing an episiotomy patients must be fully informed and individually consented, written or verbal. Opt-out consent may apply in emergencies.1 Such interventions can help ensure higher maternal care standards within Pakistan.
Penerapan Teknologi Augmented Reality sebagai Media Pembelajaran Komponen Elektronika: Mata Kuliah Elektronika Dasar
Authors: Kurniawan Dedi , Putra Ade 
Published: October 2024

This study aims to apply Augmented Reality (AR) technology as a learning media for electronic components using Android. Augmented Reality technology is growing rapidly and is used in various fields such as education. By using Android devices as a platform, users can integrate Augmented Reality into applications that can be used for the introduction of electronic components, by pointing the camera to the marker in the application, augmented reality and information about the function of the electronic component will appear. In this study, the authors used the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method which is a structured approach to designing, developing, and releasing creative and effective multimedia content. In the research that has been done, the results obtained are augmented reality applications for the introduction of android-based electronic components.
Peluang Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani di Kecamatan Abung Selatan dengan Usahatani Bawang Merah
Authors: Lestari Sri Puji , Sari Yuni Elmita , Putro Ungki Prabowo , Bakti Aji Setiya 
Published: October 2024

Bawang merah merupakan komoditas pertanian hortikultura yang dibutuhkan dalam kegiatan rumah tangga sehari-hari. Kebutuhan bawang merah yang tinggi merupakan prospek untuk pengembangan usahatani bawang merah. Namun harga bawang merah yang fluktuatif akan mempengaruhi pendapatan yang diperoleh oleh petani. Pendapatan adalah bagian penting dalam kegiatan usahatani yang menunjukkan apakah usahatani yang dilakukan petani memberikan manfaat lebih atau tidak kepada petani. Komoditas pertanian baru di suatu wilayah akan mampu berkembang apabila dapat memberikan insentif kepada petani. Pemerintah Kabupaten Lampung Utara berupaya mengembangkan tanaman bawang merah dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan lokal bawang merah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeatahui tingkat pendapatan usahatani bawang merah di Kecamatan Abung Selatan dan untuk mengetahui kelayakan usahatani bawang merah di Kecamatan Abung Selatan. Rata-rata pendapatan usahatani bawang merah di Kecamatan Abung Selatan, Kabupaten Lampung Utara atas biaya sebesar Rp 5.439.354,17 per usahatani, dan rata-rata pendapatan atas biaya total sebesar Rp 2.165.931,55 per usahatani. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa usahatani bawang merah di Kecamatan Abung Selatan berpeluang meningkatkan pendapatan petani.Nilai R/C rasio usahatani bawang merah di Kecamatan Abung Selatan, Kabupaten Lampung Utara adalah 2,36 (atas biaya tunai) dan 1,30 (atas biaya total). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan usahatani bawang merah layak untuk diusahakan.
CONSTRAINTS TO THE RIGHTS AND PROTECTION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN NIGERIA
Authors: Akpambang Enobong Mbang Akpambang , Akanle Kemisola Busayo Akanle 
Published: October 2024

Persons with disabilities (PWDs) have been known to suffer various attitudinal and environmental barriers which hinder them from fully participating in their communities on equal terms with others. To address this predicament, Nigeria signed, ratified, and domesticated a number of global and regional instruments on disability rights, including the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and its Optional Protocol. The essence of these instruments recognised by Nigeria are restatements of the centrality, inseparability, and correlation of all human rights and the necessity for PWDs to be assured of their full protection and enjoyment of fundamental liberties on an equal basis with others without prejudices. Unfortunately, discrimination and marginalisation against PWDs in Nigeria still persist. The crux of this article is to identify the constraints faced by PWDs in the pursuit of their guaranteed rights in Nigeria. This issue is vital because it is not enough for the Nigerian government to put in place normative framework endorsing the rights and protection of PWDs; such laws must indeed be implemented. The article adopted the normative legal research and analytical methods by examining various legal instruments on the protection of the rights of PWDs in Nigeria. The findings revealed that the inability of PWDs to access physical structures, social, economic, academic, and healthcare facilities are some of the constraints faced by PWDs. It is recommended, inter alia, that all laws and governmental policies must align with the endorsement of the rights and protection of PWDs and violators should be sanctioned appropriately.
In or out of reach? Long-term trends in the reach of health assessments in the Swedish occupational setting
Authors: Ekblom-Bak Elin , Lindwall Magnus , Eriksson Linnea , Stenling Andreas , Svartengren Magnus , Lundmark Robert , Kallings Lena , Hemmingsson Erik , Väisänen Daniel 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the reach of a large-scale health assessment delivered by the occupational health service in Sweden for almost 30 years.
METHODS: A total of 418 286 individuals who participated in a health assessment (Health Profile Assessment, HPA) between 1995–2021 were included. A comparative sample was obtained from Statistics Sweden, comprising the entire working population for each year (4 962 127–6 011 829 unique individuals per time period). Sociodemographic and work organization characteristics were compared between the HPA and comparative population for six different periods. Under- and overrepresented groups in the private and public sectors were identified using the most recent data (2015–2021).
RESULTS: With negative per cent indicating underrepresentation, the most notable changes over time in representation in the HPA population compared to the comparative were observed for women (-1.2% to -12.8%), private sector employees (-9.4% to 14.9%), individuals with ≥3 years of employment (14.5% to 0.9%), in personal care (0.8% to -8.8%) and manufacturing (0.7% to 6.4%) occupations. Consistently overrepresented groups (median representation across periods) included individuals who had a single income source (6.3%) and were middle-aged (10.8%), born in Sweden (5.9%), associate professionals (8.7%), and employed in companies with high operating profit (17.9%) and low staff turnover (14.3%). Conversely, individuals with low income (-34.0%) and employed in small companies/organizations (-10.9%) were consistently underrepresented. Middle-aged women in education occupations were most underrepresented in the public sector, while in the private sector, it was young women in service and shop sales occupations.
CONCLUSIONS: This health assessment has reached many professionals, including hard-to-reach groups, but did not fully represents the Swedish workforce throughout the years.
An electro-elastic contact problem with an internal state variable
Authors: Douib Bachir , Ahmed Abdelaziz Azeb , Aoun Mohammed Salah Mesai 
Published: October 2024

We consider a mathematical model which describes the quasistatic process of contact between a piezoelectric body and an electrically conductive foundation. General models for elastic materials with piezoelectirec effect, called electro-elastic materials. This paper is devoted to the study of the model involving a frictionless contact between an electro-elastic body characterized by long memory and a conductive adhesive foundation. The process is mechanically quasistatic and electrically static. We model the material with a general nonlinear electro-elastic constitutive law with internal state variable and the contact with normal compliance and unilateral constraint, where the adhesion is taken into account and a regularized electrical conductivity condition. The main feature of these models consists of the fact that their variational formulation is given by a history-dependent quasivariational inequality for the displacement field and a linear variational equation for the electric potential. A weak formulation for the model is given in the form of a coupled system for the displacement, the stress, the electric displacement, the electric potential, the bonding and the variable state internal fields. We derive a variational formulation for the problem and then, under a smallness assumption on the data, we prove the existence of a unique weak solution to the model. We also investigate the behavior of the solution with respect the electric data on the contact surface and prove its unique weak solution. The proof is based on nonlinear evolution equations with monotone operators, differential equations and Banach fixed point arguments.
Effect of Orijin Bitters, Aqueous Extracts of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Calyx and Zingiber Officinale Roscoe Rhizome on the Liver of adult wistar rats
Authors: David Sarah , Godfrey Duru  , Abigail Abraham  , Shelong D. Guteng  
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Orijin bitters, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale roscoe are consumed for medicinal properties and their effects were evaluated in this study on adult wistar rats’ liver.
METHODOLOGY: Thirty rats were divided into 6 groups, 5 in each. Group 1 received distilled water, group 2, 70cl/70kg/bw orijin bitters, group 3 orijin bitters and 200mg/kg/bw Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous extract, group 4 orijin bitters and 500mg/kg/bw Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous extract, group 5 orijin bitters and 200mg/kg/bw officinale rhizome aqueous extract, group 6 orijin bitters and 500mg/kg/bw Zingiber officinale rhizome aqueous extract. After administration, the rats were sacrificed and the liver harvested for biochemical and histological analysis.
RESULTS: Aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphate increased in group 2 while alanine transaminase decreased. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase increased in most treatment groups while alkaline phosphate decreased. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Orijin bitters distorted the liver tissue while Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale roscoe extracts resulted in restoration.
CONCLUSION: Orijin bitters may possess toxicity to the liver. Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx and Zingiber officinale roscoe rhizome due to antioxidants present ameliorated the effect.
CUPPING THERAPY IN COVID-19
Authors: Febriyanto Angga , Achmad Ridla , Khoirul Muhammad Fajri , Septadina Indri Seta 
Published: October 2024

COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2). Covid-19 has a very high transmission rate. Covid-19 has different manifestations in each person, most people infected with this virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. There are many studies linking several treatments with the cure of COVID-19, either symptomatic treatment or causative treatment. One of the studies currently being developed is the effectiveness of cupping therapy on COVID-19. Cupping is an alternative medicine that uses vacuum cups placed over the skin to create negative pressure to produce suction. Medically, cupping therapy has been shown to have a positive impact on various diseases including migraine, CTS (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome), hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, and others. Based on research, simply cupping therapy can cause an increase in blood flow so that it can lead to increased healing in several diseases. In addition, cupping also has antipyretic properties that can reduce fever symptoms in many diseases. Based on the explanation above, cupping therapy is effective as a complementary treatment in patients infected with COVID-19. Thus, this paper aims to determine the mechanism and effectiveness of cupping therapy against COVID-19.

ABSTRAK
COVID-19 adalah penyakit pernapasan yang sangat menular disebabkan oleh coronavirus yang dikenal sebagai SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2). Covid-19 memiliki tingkat penularan yang sangat tinggi dengan manifestasi yang berbedabeda pada setiap orang., Kebanyakan orang yang terinfeksi virus ini akan mengalami penyakit pernapasan ringan hingga sedang dan sembuh tanpa memerlukan perawatan khusus. Ada banyak studi yang menghubungkan beberapa pengobatan dengan kesembuhan penyakit covid-19, baik pengobatan yang bersifat simptomatik atau pengobatan yang bersifat kausatif. Salah satu penelitian yang kini tengah dikembangkan adalah efektifitas terapi bekam pada penyakit covid-19. Bekam merupakan pengobatan alternatif yang menggunakan cangkir (vacuum cups) yang diletakkan di atas kulit untuk menciptakan tekanan negatif sehingga menghasilkan hisapan. Secara medis terapi bekam telah terbukti memiliki dampak yang positif pada berbagai penyakit yang diantaranya migrain, CTS (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome), hipertensi, rheumatoid arthritis, migrain, dan lain-lain. Bekam dapat menyebabkan peningkatan aliran darah sehingga dapat menyebabkan peningkatan penyembuhan pada beberapa penyakit. (diganti dengan mekanisme belam pada covid-19) Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, terapi bekam efektif sebagai pengobatan komplementer pada pasien yeng terinveksi covid-19. Dengan demikian, penulisan makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mekanisme dan efektifitas terapi bekam terhadap covid-19.
MANFAAT MADU TERHADAP IMUNITAS TUBUH DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENGOBATAN ISLAM
Authors: Eka Putri Nandya Ayuningtiyas , Wulandari Diah Anik , Widada Wahyudi 
Published: October 2024

In Islamic medicine, honey is considered to have immunity benefits. Some conclusions that can be drawn from Islamic teachings and related traditions are: In QS. In QS. An-Nahl verse 69, it can be understood that honey is considered a medicine that has healing properties for humans. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) mentioned that “There is a cure for every disease in honey” (HR. Bukhari). Islam teaches a holistic approach to health, including physical, mental, and spiritual aspects. In this regard, honey can be considered part of a healthy lifestyle that aligns with Islamic principles. Honey is high in nutrients, antioxidants, and antimicrobial substances that can help boost the immune system. Regular consumption of honey is believed to help protect the body from various diseases, such as phenolic antioxidants that have high active power and can increase the body's resistance to oxidative stress. honey is also an immunomodulator that can increase immunity against bacterial and viral infections.
ABSTRAK
Dalam perspektif pengobatan Islam, madu dianggap memiliki manfaat terhadap imunitas tubuh. Beberapa kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari ajaran Islam dan hadis-hadis terkait adalah: Dalam QS. An-Nahl ayat 69 dapat diambil pemahaman bahwa madu dianggap sebagai obat yang memiliki sifat penyembuhan bagi manusia. Nabi Muhammad SAW menyebutkan bahwa "Ada obat pada setiap penyakit dalam madu" (HR. Bukhari). Islam mengajarkan pendekatan holistik terhadap kesehatan, yang mencakup baik aspek fisik, mental, maupun spiritual. Dalam hal ini, madu dapat dianggap sebagai bagian dari gaya hidup sehat yang sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip Islam. Madu mengandung nutrisi, antioksidan yang tinggi, dan zat antimikroba yang dapat membantu meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Konsumsi madu secara teratur diyakini dapat membantu melindungi tubuh dari berbagai penyakit, seperti antioksidan fenolat yang memiliki daya aktif tinggi serta bisa meningkatkan perlawanan tubuh terhadap tekanan oksidasi (oxidative stress). madu juga merupakan imunomodulator yang dapat menaikan imunitas terhadap infeksi bakteri dan virus.
PERAN BEKAM PADA TITIK AZH-ZAHR DALAM KEBERHASILAN PROSES RELAKTASI PADA IBU MENYUSUI
Authors: Pribadi Sintin Khotijah , Aslihati Munifah 
Published: October 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Indonesian government have supported breastfeeding for 2 years. However, in the course of breastfeeding, there are several causes that make the breastfeeding process stop and make the baby not get enough nutrition, increasing the risk of stunting. With the increasing public awareness about breastfeeding and the incessant prevention of stunting, mothers who have stopped or not breastfeeding want to return to breastfeeding their babies in the process of relactation. The main factors that influence the success of relactation are strong motivation from the mother and breastfeeding stimulation. Cupping, which is now one of the traditional health services developed in Indonesia, is an order of the Prophet and is included in the best treatment methods. Cupping at the azh-zhahr point in the back area will stimulate the breast glands through the hypothalamus-pituitary-oxytocin pathway in the secretion and production of breast milk. Cupping on the 4 azh-zhahr points in the waist area will stimulate sympathetic nerves that suppress estrogen secretion which inhibits prolactin secretion in milk production. Cupping in general will stimulate the release of beta endorphin which suppresses stress reactions due to anxiety experienced by mothers in the relactation process so that it will create a sense of confidence to return to breastfeeding. Thus it is expected that cupping at the point of azh-zhahr can play an important role in the success of the relactation process in breastfeeding mothers.

ABSTRAK
World Health Organization (WHO) dan pemerintah Indonesia telah mendukung menyusui selama 2 tahun. Namun dalam perjalanan menyusui, terdapat beberapa penyebab yang membuat proses menyusui terhenti dan menjadikan bayi tidak mendapatkan gizi yang cukup sehingga meningkatkan resiko stunting. Dengan meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat tentang menyusui dan gencarnya pencegahan stunting, ibu yang sempat terhenti atau tidak menyusui ingin kembali menyusui bayinya dalam proses relaktasi. Faktor utama yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan relaktasi ini adalah motivasi kuat dari ibu dan stimulasi menyusui. Bekam yang kini menjadi salah satu pelayanan kesehatan tradisional yang berkembang di Indonesia, merupakan perintah Rasulullah dan termasuk dalam metode pengobatan terbaik. Bekam pada titik azh-zhahr di area punggung akan menstimulasi kelenjar payudara melalui jalur hipotalamus-hipofisis-oksitosin dalam pengeluaran dan produksi ASI. Pembekaman pada 4 titik azh-zhahr di area pinggang akan menstimulasi saraf simpatetis yang menekan sekresi estrogen yang menghambat sekresi prolaktin dalam produksi ASI. Bekam secara umum akan merangsang pelepasan beta endorphin yang menekan reaksi stress akibat kecemasan yang dialami ibu dalam proses relaktasi sehingga akan menimbulkan rasa kepercayaan diri untuk kembali menyusui. Dengan demikian diharapkan bekam pada titik azh-zhahr dapat berperan penting dalam keberhasilan proses relaktasi pada ibu menyusui.
MINTAQALARDA SANOAT TARMOG‘INI RIVOJLANTIRISHISH IMKONIYATLARI
Authors: Sh.Sh. Fayzieva  
Published: October 2024

Jahonning rivojlangan mamlakatlarida iqtisodiyotning agrar va sanoat tarmoqlari o‘rnini xizmat ko‘rsatish sohalari egallayotgan davrda rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlar iqtisodiyotida sanoatning jozibadorligi ortib bormoqda. Iqtisodiyotni modernizatsiyalash sharoitida sanoat majmuasi moddiy ishlab chiqarishning asosiy bo‘g‘ini sifatida ularni kelgusi taraqqiyot bosqichiga olib chiquvchi yetakchilik vazifasini bajaradi. Bugungi kunda sanoat majmuasi tarmoqlari mamlakatni ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy rivojlantirish va makroiqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta’minlashda dolzarb ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. В данной статье освещена роль промышленного комплекса Кашкадарьинской области в экономике региона, а также обоснованы направления развития производственной сети в перспективе. Представлены вопросы, поднятые в работах экономистов, и объемы производства промышленной продукции в регионах. В статье также используются методы научной абстракции, анализа и синтеза, индукции и дедукции.
MАMLАKАTIMIZ HUDUDDLАRIDА SUV RESURSLАRIDАN SАMАRАLI FОYDАLАNISHNING EKОNОMETRIK TАHLILI
Authors: Berdiev Аnvаr Аbdivаlievich  
Published: October 2024

Ushbu mаqоlаdа mаmlаkаtimiz hududlаridа suvdаn fоydаlаnishni bоshqаrish sаmаrаdоrligi yоritilgаn. Suv хо‘jаligini bоshqаrishning iqtisоdiy usullаrini tаkоmillаshtirish kо‘p jihаtdаn qishlоq хо‘jаligini suv bilаn tа’minlаshning teхnik vа iqtisоdiy zаruriyаti hisоbgа оlingаn hоldа suv uchun tо‘lоv tаrifini belgilаsh usuligа bоg‘liqligi, teхnik jihаtdаn suv tа’minоti tizimi kо‘plаb хо‘jаliklаrаrо vа хо‘jаlik ichki kаnаllаrni, tumаn vа tumаnlаrаrо meliоrаtiv tizimlаrni о‘z ichigа оlаdigаn tizimning о‘zining murаkkаbligi bilаn tаvsiflаngаn. О‘zbekistоndа suvni bоshqаrish sаmаrаdоrligigа tа’sir etuvchi оmillаrning bоg‘liqligi regressiоn tаhlil аsоsidа о‘rgаnildi.