bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of responses in visual cells of the leech
Authors: Fioravanti R. , Fuortes M. G. F. 
Published: December 2015

1. Potentials were recorded from the cytoplasm and from the vacuole of leech photoreceptors. Since the vacuole is lined with microvilli and is connected to the outside by narrow channels, the potential drops between vacuole and outside measure the current through the microvillar membrane.2. In darkness, the potential of the cytoplasm with respect to the outside is about — 45 mV while the potential of the vacuole is approximately zero.3. Following illumination the negativity of the cytoplasm decreases and the vacuole becomes negative relative to the outside.4. For dim intensities, the response to a flash of light may grow proportionately more than the intensity of the flash. This is probably due to development of a depolarizing local response.5. The resistance from the cytoplasm to the outside was about 150 MΩ in darkness and decreased to approximately 40 MΩ at the peak of the response to a bright flash (on average). Corresponding measurements from the vacuole gave 50 MΩ in darkness and 35 MΩ at the peak of the response.6. Charging curves produced by steps of constant currents applied to the cytoplasm or to the vacuole include two time constants (about 5 and 50 msec on average). The longer time constant decreases greatly with bright illumination.7. The results are consistent with the interpretation that the response to light is brought about by an increase of conductance of the microvillar membrane.
Membrane potentials of epithelial cells in rat small intestine
Authors: Barry R. J. C. , Eggenton Jacqueline 
Published: December 2015

1. Stripped sacs of rat jejunum in which the outer muscle layers had been removed were found to maintain substantial transport and electrical activities.2. Mucosal and serosal membrane potentials of epithelial cells of normal and stripped everted sacs of rat jejunum were recorded in vitro together with the transmural potential difference.3. The cell interior was negative relative to both serosal and mucosal fluids, the transmural potential being the sum of the two membrane potentials.4. Changes in the transmural potentials in the presence of actively transferred hexoses and amino acids were entirely due to variations in the serosal potential, the mucosal potential being unchanged.5. Serosal and transmural potential increases on the addition of galactose were consistent with Michaelis—Menten kinetics, giving apparent Km values of 14·9 and 14·1 m
M respectively.6. Phlorrhizin, ouabain, 2,4‐dinitrophenol and sodium fluoroacetate inhibited serosal potential changes in the presence of galactose.7. Osmotic potentials resulting from transmural osmotic gradients originated from the serosal layers of the tissue.8. The results are consistent with the concept of a serosally located, electrogenic sodium pump which is stimulated by actively transferred hexoses and amino acids. The sodium‐dependent entry mechanism at the mucosal membrane is non‐electrogenic.
Elementos para discusión sobre el estado actual de la propuesta curricular del programa de contaduría pública de la Universidad de Antioquia
Authors: Duque Roldán María Isabel , Ospina Zapata Carlos Mario 
Published: December 2015

<p align="LEFT">El programa de contaduría de la Universidad de Antioquia declara expresamente la utilización de un modelo pedagógico que combina elementos sociales y desarrollistas, <span style="font-family: Whitman-Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span>para lo cual se configuró un </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Whitman-Italic; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA"><span lang="JA">diseno curricular basado en la solucion </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Whitman-Italic; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA"><span lang="JA"><em>de problemas</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Whitman-Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span>, en el cual se contextualizan y problematizan </span></span>todos aquellos asuntos que son relevantes en la formación del contador público en Colombia. Este enfoque requiere: 1) la utilización de didácticas activas para que el estudiante se apropie del conocimiento de manera consciente, crítica y reflexiva y no se ejerza una mera transmisión de contenidos o normas y 2) la investigación como eje articulador, como camino que enriquece el trabajo que se hace en el aula. Este artículo presenta parte de los resultados de una investigación cualitativa que tiene como objetivo determinar el cumplimiento de los fundamentos conceptuales de la transformación curricular del programa y la cual combinó la indagación directa a los estudiantes y el análisis de los microcurrículos elaborados por los profesores y de sus prácticas en el aula. El trabajo realizado permite concluir que las didácticas utilizadas en su mayoría resultan propias de modelos pedagógicos instruccionales o tradicionales, que la investigación no ha logrado permear completamente la labor realizada en el aula y que diversos componentes de la propuesta se quedan a medio camino en su ejecutoria. Esto sin desconocer que se han logrado avances importantes en la formación de contadores públicos. </p>
Du reclamation act de 1902 aux megaprojets federaux. Une perspective sociohistorique sur la genèse des politiques hydriques aux USA: le cas de l’Ouest étasunien
Authors: Cortinas Muñoz Joan , Coeurdray Murielle , Poupeau Franck 
Published: December 2015

<p>Cet article se propose d’apporter un éclairage aux problèmes de pénurie d’eau que vit actuellement l’ouest des Etats-Unis. A travers un travail de reconstitution historique des politiques hydriques de la région, l’article défend l’idée que la pénurie d’eau actuelle doit se comprendre, en partie, comme le résultat de l’action des élites économiques, politiques et administratives qui ont conçu les politiques hydriques aux USA. Plus concrètement, la pénurie d’eau, au-delà du cycle de sécheresse actuel, est le résultat de la production d’une vision du développement économique traversée par des intérêts et des logiques contradictoires relatifs à l’exploitation des ressources naturelles, largement conçue comme un facteur déterminant de croissance.</p>
Pacing Behavior and Tactical Positioning in 500- and 1000-m Short-Track Speed Skating
Authors: Noorbergen Olaf S. , Konings Marco J. , Micklewright Dominic , Elferink-Gemser Marije T. , Hettinga Florentina J. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:To explore pacing behavior and tactical positioning during the shorter 500- and 1000-m short-track competitions.Methods:Lap times and intermediate rankings of elite 500- and 1000-m short-track-skating competitors were collected over the 2012–13 season. First, lap times were analyzed using a MANOVA, and for each lap, differences between sex, race type, final ranking, and stage of competition were determined. Second, Kendall tau-b correlations were used to assess relationships between intermediate and final rankings. In addition, intermediate rankings of the winner of each race were examined.Results:Top-placed athletes appeared faster than bottom-placed athletes in every lap in the 500-m, while in the 1000-m no differences were found until the final 4 laps (P < .05). Correlations between intermediate and final rankings were already high at the beginning stages of the 50-m (lap 1: r = .59) but not for the 1000-m (lap 1: r = .21).Conclusions:Although 500- and 1000-m short-track races are both relatively short, fundamental differences in pacing behavior and tactical positioning were found. A fast-start strategy seems to be optimal for 500-m races, while the crucial segment in 1000-m races seems to be from the 6th lap to the finish line (ie, after ± 650 m). These findings provide evidence to suggest that athletes balance between choosing an energetically optimal profile and the tactical and positional benefits that play a role when riding against an opponent, as well as contributing to developing novel insights in exploring athletic behavior when racing against opponents.
Ecological Validity and Reliability of the Rugby Sevens Simulation Protocol
Authors: Furlan Nicola , Waldron Mark , Osborne Mark , Gray Adrian J. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:To assess the ecological validity of the Rugby Sevens Simulation Protocol (R7SP) and to evaluate its interday reliability.Methods:Ten male participants (20 ± 2 y, 74 ± 11 kg) completed 2 trials of the R7SP, separated by 7 d. The R7SP comprised typical running and collision activities, based on data recorded during international rugby sevens match play. Heart rate (HR) was monitored continuously during the R7SP, and the participants’ movements were recorded through a 20-Hz global positioning system unit. Blood lactate and rating of perceived exertion were collected before and immediately after the 1st and 2nd halves of the R7SP.Results:The average activity profile was 117 ± 5 m/min, of which 27 ± 2 m/min was covered at high speed, with a calculated energetic demand of 1037 ± 581 J/kg, of which ~40% was expended at a rate above 19 W/kg. Mean HR was 88% ± 4% of maximal HR. Participants spent ~45% ± 27% of time above 90% of maximal HR (t >90%HRmax). There were no significant differences between trials, except for lactate between the halves of the R7SP. The majority of the measured variables demonstrated a between-trials coefficient of variation (CV%) lower than 5%. Blood lactate measurements (14–20% CV) and t >90%HRmax (26% CV) were less reliable variables. In most cases, the calculated moderate worthwhile change was higher than the CV%.Conclusions:The R7SP replicates the activity profile and HR responses of rugby sevens match play. It is a reliable simulation protocol that can be used in a research environment to detect systematic worthwhile changes in selected performance variables.
Draft Genome Sequence of Komagataeibacter intermedius Strain AF2, a Producer of Cellulose, Isolated from Kombucha Tea
Authors: dos Santos Renato Augusto Corrêa , Berretta Andresa Aparecida , Barud Hernane da Silva , Ribeiro Sidney José Lima , González-García Laura Natalia , Zucchi Tiago Domingues , Goldman Gustavo H. , Riaño-Pachón Diego M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Komagataeibacter intermedius
strain AF2, which was isolated from Kombucha tea and is capable of producing cellulose, although at lower levels compared to another bacterium from the same environment,
K. rhaeticus
strain AF1.
Genome Sequence of Rapid Beer-Spoiling Isolate Lactobacillus brevis BSO 464
Authors: Bergsveinson Jordyn , Pittet Vanessa , Ewen Emily , Baecker Nina , Ziola Barry 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

The genome of brewery-isolate
Lactobacillus brevis
BSO 464 was sequenced and assembly produced a chromosome and eight plasmids. This bacterium tolerates dissolved CO
2
/pressure and can rapidly spoil packaged beer. This genome is useful for analyzing the genetics associated with beer spoilage by lactic acid bacteria.
Molecular Characteristics of H6N6 Influenza Virus Isolated from Pigeons in Guangxi, Southern China
Authors: Li Meng , Xie Zhixun , Xie Zhiqin , Luo Sisi , Xie Liji , Huang Li , Deng Xianwen , Huang Jiaoling , Zhang Yanfang , Zeng Tingting , Wang Sheng 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an H6N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) isolated from a pigeon in Guangxi, southern China, in 2014. The eight RNA segment genes shared a high nucleotide identity (97 to 99%) with H6N6 subtypes of AIV isolated from ducks in the regions around Guangxi Province. The finding of this study will help us understand the ecology and molecular characteristics of H6 avian influenza virus in wild birds in southern China.
Transferring patients home to die: what is the potential population in UK critical care units?
Authors: Coombs Maureen A , Darlington Anne-Sophie E , Long-Sutehall Tracy , Pattison Natalie , Richardson Alison 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesMost people when asked, express a preference to die at home, but little is known about whether this is an option for critically ill patients. A retrospective cohort study was undertaken to describe the size and characteristics of the critical care population who could potentially be transferred home to die if they expressed such a wish.MethodsMedical notes of all patients who died in, or within 5 days of discharge from seven critical care units across two hospital sites over a 12-month period were reviewed. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were developed and applied to identify the number of patients who had potential to be transferred home to die and demographic and clinical data (eg, conscious state, respiratory and cardiac support therapies) collected.Results7844 patients were admitted over a 12-month period. 422 (5.4%) patients died. Using the criteria developed 100 (23.7%) patients could have potentially been transferred home to die. Of these 41 (41%) patients were diagnosed with respiratory disease. 53 (53%) patients were conscious, 47 (47%) patients were self-ventilating breathing room air/oxygen via a mask. 20 (20%) patients were ventilated via an endotracheal tube. 76 (76%) patients were not requiring inotropes/vasopressors. Mean time between discussion about treatment withdrawal and time of death was 36.4 h (SD=46.48). No patients in this cohort were transferred home.ConclusionsA little over 20% of patients dying in critical care demonstrate potential to be transferred home to die. Staff should actively consider the practice of transferring home as an option for care at end of life for these patients.
Flame acceleration due to wall friction: Accuracy and intrinsic limitations of the formulations
Authors: Demirgok Berk , Sezer Hayri , Akkerman V’yacheslav 
Published: December 2015

The analytical formulations on the premixed flame acceleration induced by wall friction in two-dimensional (2D) channels [Bychkov et al., Phys. Rev. E 72 (2005) 046307] and cylindrical tubes [Akkerman et al., Combust. Flame 145 (2006) 206] are revisited. Specifically, pipes with one end closed are considered, with a flame front propagating from the closed pipe end to the open one. The original studies provide the analytical formulas for the basic flame and fluid characteristics such as the flame acceleration rate, the flame shape and its propagation speed, as well as the flame-generated flow velocity profile. In the present work, the accuracy of these approaches is verified, computationally, and the intrinsic limitations and validity domains of the formulations are identified. Specifically, the error diagrams are presented to demonstrate how the accuracy of the formulations depends on the thermal expansion in the combustion process and the Reynolds number associated with the flame propagation. It is shown that the 2D theory is accurate enough for a wide range of parameters. In contrast, the zeroth-order approximation for the cylindrical configuration appeared to be quite inaccurate and had to be revisited. It is subsequently demonstrated that the first-order approximation for the cylindrical geometry is very accurate for realistically large thermal expansions and Reynolds numbers. Consequently, unlike the zeroth-order approach, the first-order formulation can constitute a backbone for the comprehensive theory of the flame acceleration and detonation initiation in cylindrical tubes. Cumulatively, the accuracy of the formulations deteriorates with the reduction of the Reynolds number and thermal expansion.
Mastering Situation Awareness
Authors: Gawlick Dieter , Chan Eric S. , Ghoneimy Adel , Liu Zhen Hua 
Published: December 2015

John Boyd recognized in the 1960's the importance of situation awareness for military operations and introduced the notion of the OODA loop (Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act). Today we realize that many applications have to deal with situation awareness: Customer Relationship Management, Human Capital Management, Supply Chain Management, patient care, power grid management, and cloud services management, as well as any IoT (Internet of Things) related application; the list seems to be endless. Situation awareness requires applications to support the management of data, knowledge, processes, and other services such as social networking in an integrated way. These applications additionally require high personalization as well as rapid and continuous evolution. They must provide a wide variety of operational and functional requirements, including real time processing.Handcrafting these applications is an almost impossible task requiring exhaustive resources for development and maintenance. Due to the resources and time involved in their development, these applications typically fall way short of the desired functionality, operational characteristics, and ease and speed of evolution. We - the authors - have developed a model enabling the development and maintenance of situation-aware applications in a declarative and therefore economical manner; we call this model KIDS - Knowledge Intensive Data-processing System.
Penfluridol: An Antipsychotic Agent Suppresses Metastatic Tumor Growth in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting Integrin Signaling Axis
Authors: Ranjan Alok , Gupta Parul , Srivastava Sanjay K. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Metastasis of breast cancer, especially to the brain, is the major cause of mortality. The inability of anticancer agents to cross the blood-brain-barrier represents a critical challenge for successful treatment. In the current study, we investigated the antimetastatic potential of penfluridol, an antipsychotic drug frequently prescribed for schizophrenia with anticancer activity. We show that penfluridol induced apoptosis and reduced the survival of several metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. In addition, penfluridol treatment significantly reduced the expression of integrin α6, integrin β4, Fak, paxillin, Rac1/2/3, and ROCK1 in vitro. We further evaluated the efficacy of penfluridol in three different in vivo tumor models. We demonstrate that penfluridol administration to an orthotopic model of breast cancer suppressed tumor growth by 49%. On the other hand, penfluridol treatment inhibited the growth of metastatic brain tumors introduced by intracardiac or intracranial injection of breast cancer cells by 90% and 72%, respectively. Penfluridol-treated tumors from all three models exhibited reduced integrin β4 and increased apoptosis. Moreover, chronic administration of penfluridol failed to elicit significant toxic or behavioral side effects in mice. Taken together, our results indicate that penfluridol effectively reduces the growth of primary TNBC tumors and especially metastatic growth in the brain by inhibiting integrin signaling, and prompt further preclinical investigation into repurposing penfluridol for the treatment of metastatic TNBC. Cancer Res; 76(4); 877–90. ©2015 AACR.
IL15 and T-cell Stemness in T-cell–Based Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Pilipow Karolina , Roberto Alessandra , Roederer Mario , Waldmann Thomas A. , Mavilio Domenico , Lugli Enrico 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Preclinical models revealed that the immune system can mediate rejection of established tumors, but direct evidence in humans has been limited to largely immunogenic tumors, such as melanoma. The recent success of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T-cell transfer immunotherapy in clinical trials has instilled new hope for the use of T-cell immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. IL15, a potent immunostimulatory cytokine, both potentiates host T-cells and natural killer (NK) cell immune responses and promotes the generation of long-lived memory T cells with superior functional capacity, with potential use in adoptive T-cell transfer protocols. IL15 has been recently tested in the clinic and showed dramatic effects at the level of responding NK and CD8+ memory T cells. The recent advances in the knowledge of IL15-dependent regulation of T-cell responses, gene expression, and metabolic adaptation have important implications for the use of IL15 in T-cell–based immunotherapy of cancer. Cancer Res; 75(24); 5187–93. ©2015 AACR.
Antithrombotic Effects of Nur77 and Nor1 Are Mediated Through Upregulating Thrombomodulin Expression in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Yang Ping , Wei Xin , Zhang Jian , Yi Bing , Zhang Guan-Xin , Yin Litian , Yang Xiao-Feng , Sun Jianxin 
Published: December 2015

Objective—
Thrombomodulin is highly expressed on the lumenal surface of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and possesses potent anticoagulant, antifibrinolytic, and anti-inflammatory activities in the vessel wall. However, the regulation of thrombomodulin expression in ECs remains largely unknown.

Approaches and Results—

In this study, we characterized nuclear receptor 4A family as a novel regulator of thrombomodulin expression in vascular ECs. We demonstrated that both nuclear receptors 4A, Nur77 and Nor1, robustly increase thrombomodulin mRNA and protein levels in human vascular ECs and in mouse liver tissues after adenovirus-mediated transduction of Nur77 and Nor1 cDNAs. Moreover, Nur77 deficiency and knockdown of Nur77 and Nor1 expression markedly attenuated the basal and vascular endothelial growth factor
165
–stimulated thrombomodulin expression. Mechanistically, we found that Nur77 and Nor1 increase thrombomodulin expression by acting through 2 different mechanisms. We showed that Nur77 barely affects thrombomodulin promoter activity, but significantly increases thrombomodulin mRNA stability, whereas Nor1 enhances thrombomodulin expression mainly through induction of Kruppel-like factors 2 and 4 in vascular ECs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that both Nur77 and Nor1 significantly increase protein C activity and inhibit tumor necrosis factor α–induced prothrombotic effects in human ECs. Deficiency of Nur77 increases susceptibility to arterial thrombosis, whereas enhanced expression of Nur77 and Nor1 protects mice from arterial thrombus formation.

Conclusions—
Our results identified nuclear receptors 4A as novel regulators of thrombomodulin expression and function in vascular ECs and provided a proof-of-concept demonstration that targeted increasing expression of Nur77 and Nor1 in the vascular endothelium might represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of thrombotic disorders.