bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Brace in ACL Surgery: Force Quantification in an In Vivo Study
Authors: LaPrade Robert F. , Venderley Melanie B. , Dahl Kimi D. , Dornan Grant J. , Turnbull Travis Lee 
Published: July 2017

Background: A need exists for a functional anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) brace that dynamically supports the knee joint to match the angle-dependent forces of a native ACL, especially in the early postoperative period. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to quantify the posteriorly directed external forces applied to the anterior proximal tibia by both a static and a dynamic force ACL brace. The proximal strap forces applied by the static force brace were hypothesized to remain relatively constant regardless of knee flexion angle compared with those of the dynamic force brace. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Seven healthy adult males (mean age, 27.4 ± 3.4 years; mean height, 1.8 ± 0.1 m; mean body mass, 84.1 ± 11.3 kg) were fitted with both a static and a dynamic force ACL brace. Participants completed 3 functional activities: unloaded extension, sit-to-stand, and stair ascent. Kinematic data were collected using traditional motion-capture techniques while posteriorly directed forces applied to the anterior aspect of both the proximal and distal tibia were simultaneously collected using a customized pressure-mapping technique. Results: The mean posteriorly directed forces applied to the proximal tibia at 30° of flexion by the dynamic force brace during unloaded extension (80.2 N), sit-to-stand (57.5 N), and stair ascent (56.3 N) activities were significantly larger, regardless of force setting, than those applied by the static force brace (10.1 N, 9.5 N, and 11.9 N, respectively; P < .001). Conclusion: The dynamic force ACL brace, compared with the static force brace, applied significantly larger posteriorly directed forces to the anterior proximal tibia in extension, where the ACL is known to experience larger in vivo forces. Further studies are required to determine whether the physiological behavior of the brace will reduce anterior knee laxity and improve long-term patient outcomes. Clinical Relevance: ACL braces that dynamically restrain the proximal tibia in a manner similar to physiological ACL function may improve pre- and postoperative treatment.
The Relationship Between Method of Viewing Lectures, Course Ratings, and Course Timing
Authors: Burton William B , Ma Terence P , Grayson Martha S 
Published: July 2017

Background: In recent years, medical schools have provided students access to video recordings of course lectures, but few studies have investigated the impact of this on ratings of courses and teachers. This study investigated whether the method of viewing lectures was related to student ratings of the course and its components and whether the method used changed over time. Methods: Preclinical medical students indicated whether ratings of course lectures were based primarily on lecture attendance, video capture, or both. Students were categorized into Lecture, Video, or Both groups based on their responses to this question. The data consisted of 7584 student evaluations collected over 2 years. Results: Students who attended live lectures rated the course and its components higher than students who only viewed the video or used both methods, although these differences were very small. Students increasingly watched lectures exclusively by video over time: in comparison with first-year students, second-year students were more likely to watch lectures exclusively by video; in comparison with students in the first half of the academic year, students in the second half of the academic year were more likely to watch lectures exclusively by video. Conclusions: With the increase in use of lecture video recordings across medical schools, attention must be paid to student attitudes regarding these methods.
Postoperative atrial fibrillation: Target for stroke prevention?
Authors: Thijs Vincent , Lemmens Robin , Farouque Omar , Donnan Geoffrey , Heidbuchel Hein 
Published: July 2017

Purpose A substantial number of patients without a history of atrial fibrillation who undergo surgery develop one or more episodes of atrial fibrillation in the first few days after the operation. We studied whether postoperative transient atrial fibrillation is a risk factor for future atrial fibrillation, stroke and death. Method We performed a narrative review of the literature on epidemiology, mechanisms, risk of atrial fibrillation, stroke and death after postoperative atrial fibrillation. We reviewed antithrombotic guidelines on this topic and identified gaps in current management. Findings Patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation are at high risk of developing atrial fibrillation in the long term. Mortality is also increased. Most, but not all observational studies report a higher risk of stroke. The optimal antithrombotic regimen for patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation has not been defined. The role of lifestyle changes and of surgical occlusion of the left atrial appendage in preventing adverse outcomes after postoperative atrial fibrillation is not established. Conclusion Further studies are warranted to establish the optimal strategy to prevent adverse long-term outcomes after transient, postoperative atrial fibrillation.
The role of family and school-level factors in bullying and cyberbullying: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bevilacqua Leonardo , Shackleton Nichola , Hale Daniel , Allen Elizabeth , Bond Lyndal , Christie Deborah , Elbourne Diana , Fitzgerald-Yau Natasha , Fletcher Adam , Jones Rebecca , Miners Alec , Scott Stephen , Wiggins Meg , Bonell Chris , Viner Russell M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background
Bullying and cyberbullying are common phenomena in schools. These negative behaviours can have a significant impact on the health and particularly mental health of those involved in such behaviours, both as victims and as bullies. This UK study aims to investigate student-level and school-level characteristics of those who become involved in bullying and cyberbullying behaviours as victims or perpetrators.

Methods
We used data from 6667 Year 7 students from the baseline survey of a cluster randomized trial in 40 English schools to investigate the associations between individual-level and school-level variables with bullying victimization, cyberbullying perpetration, and cyberbullying victimization. We ran multilevel models to examine associations of bullying outcomes with individual-level variables and school-level variables.

Results
In multilevel models, at the school level, school type and school quality measures were associated with bullying risk: students in voluntary-aided schools were less likely to report bullying victimization (0.6 (0.4, 0.9) p = 0.008), and those in community (3.9 (1.5, 10.5) p = 0.007) and foundation (4.0 (1.6, 9.9) p = 0.003) schools were more likely to report being perpetrators of cyberbullying than students in mainstream academies. A school quality rating of “Good” was associated with greater reported bullying victimization (1.3 (1.02, 1.5) p = 0.03) compared to ratings of “Outstanding.”

Conclusions
Bullying victimization and cyberbullying prevalence vary across school type and school quality, supporting the hypothesis that organisational/management factors within the school may have an impact on students’ behaviour. These findings will inform future longitudinal research investigating which school factors and processes promote or prevent bullying and cyberbullying behaviours.

Trial registration
Trial ID: ISRCTN10751359 Registered: 11/03/2014 (retrospectively registered).
Clay barriers for protecting historic buildings from ground moisture intrusion
Authors: Michette Martin , Lorenz Rüdiger , Ziegert Christof 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Conservators and architects working with built heritage at risk from ground moisture intrusion face a difficult choice. Leaving the building unprotected can lead to moisture related deterioration; installing vertical and/or horizontal barriers using standard materials requires chemical or mechanical intervention with the historic fabric. The use of compacted clay to form a barrier is commonplace in some areas of environmental engineering, and can be applied to built heritage conservation. Naturally occurring or slightly modified soils were traditionally used for protecting buildings in a number of vernacular techniques. Knowledge of what types of soils are suitable for use could provide certain regions with a low-cost, low-impact alternative for protecting historic buildings. Three commercially available products previously shown to have low hydraulic conductivity were analysed in order to identify waterproofing mechanisms; these included two specialised bentonite–sand mixtures and a Saxonian glacial till.

Results
The till relies on a high proportion of densely agglomerated fine grains to achieve a low permeability when consolidated, possibly assisted by the presence of calcite. The specialised mixtures rely on an engineered grain size distribution, with practically no silt sized grains, and a fraction of sodium bentonites capable of forming colloidal suspension when compacted. All materials showed a low risk of shrinkage when compacted at optimum moisture content.

Conclusion
Different mechanisms appear to account for the low hydraulic conductivities found in clay barrier material. The implication is that a range of soil material may be suitable for protecting built heritage from ground moisture intrusion and its associated decay mechanisms. The suitability of glacial till may present large areas of Northern Europe with locally available barrier material.
Modification and optimization of electrospun gelatin sheets by electron beam irradiation for soft tissue engineering
Authors: Lee Jae Baek , Ko Young-Gwang , Cho Donghwan , Park Won Ho , Kwon Oh Hyeong 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Crosslinked gelatin nanofibers are one of the widely used scaffolds for soft tissue engineering. However, modifying the biodegradation rate of chemically crosslinked gelatin is necessary to facilitate cell migration and tissue regeneration. Here, we investigated the optimal electron beam (e-beam) irradiation doses with biodegradation behavior on changes in the molecular weight, morphology, pore structure, and cell proliferation profiles of electrospun nanofibrous gelatin sheets.

Methods
The molecular weights of uncrosslinked gelatin nanofibers were measured using gel permeation chromatography. The morphology and pore structure of the gelatin scaffolds were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and a porosimeter. Biodegradation tests were performed in phosphate-buffered saline solutions for 4 weeks. Cell proliferation and tissue regeneration profiles were examined in fibroblasts using WST-1 assays and hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results
Crosslinked gelatin nanofiber sheets exposed to e-beam irradiation over 300 kGy showed approximately 50% weight loss in 2 weeks. Gelatin scaffolds exposed to e-beam irradiation at 100–200 kGy showed significantly increased cell proliferation after 7 days of incubation.

Conclusions
These findings suggested that the biodegradation and cell proliferation rates of gelatin nanofiber scaffolds could be optimized by varying e-beam irradiation doses for soft tissue engineering.
Aproximación a la orientación al mercado y sus consecuencias en unidades básicas de actuación pública: El caso del servicio de fomento de la economía social vasca
Authors: Morandeira Arca Jon , De Elizagarate Gutiérrez Victoria , Bakaikoa Azurmendi Baleren 
Published: July 2017

La mayor parte de los estudios realizados, sino todos, en materia de orientación al servicio del público se han centrado en el ámbito institucional o nivel jerárquico de decisión estratégica. Por ello y teniendo en cuenta que la orientación al mercado puede variar entre distintos niveles de una misma organización, este trabajo tiene como objetivo el análisis de la orientación al servicio del público en una unidad básica de actuación pública dentro de un Gobierno, es decir, en un nivel jerárquico de la esfera táctica y operativa de la actuación pública. El análisis de la orientación al servicio del público y sus consecuencias en el rendimiento, se ha realizado sobre la unidad básica de actuación pública de fomento de la Economía Social del País Vasco.
El Sector No Lucrativo español ante las nuevas herramientas de fundraising: el crowdfunding social, antesala de la sociedad mecenas?
Authors: Sajardo Moreno Antonia , Pérez Sempere Salvador 
Published: July 2017

El Sector No Lucrativo en España se ha venido desarrollando tradicionalmente al abrigo del apoyo público, tanto para el desarrollo de sus actividades, como respecto de su propio mantenimiento interno. Durante la profunda crisis económica, vivida desde 2007, el retroceso que éste ha sufrido en el volumen de aportaciones, procedentes tanto de las arcas públicas, como de las donaciones privadas, así como la mayor reticencia financiadora por parte de la banca tradicional, lo han situado, de facto, en un escenario de profunda debilidad financiera. Consecuentemente, su rol como fuerza económica y social se ha visto sustancialmente reducido. Todos estos factores, le han avocado a la búsqueda de un nuevo marco de financiación, un marco diferente que surge en el mismo seno del nuevo paradigma digital en el que la ciudadanía del siglo xxi se halla inmersa, y del cual emergen nuevos y originales espacios para el desarrollo de la filantropía. El mayor exponente en estos espacios lo constituye el crowdfunding, que propicia el surgimiento de colectivos de ciudadanos financiadores en torno a en torno a valores y objetivos concretos y afines. En este contexto se asiste al nacimiento de un nuevo concepto que define certeramente este novedoso modelo filantrópico: la sociedad mecenas. El objeto de este trabajo es analizar las potencialidades del crowdfunding que justifican su opción por el Sector No Lucrativo, como alternativa de fundraising en la financiación de su proyectos sociales.
Enhancement and Restoration of Microscopic Images Corrupted with Poisson's Noise Using a Nonlinear Partial Differential Equation-based Filter
Authors: Srivastava Rajeev , Gupta JRP , Parthasarathy Harish 
Published: July 2017

<p>An inherent characteristic of the many imaging modalities such as fluorescence microscopy and other microscopic modalities is the presence of intrinsic Poisson noise that may lead to degradation of the captured image during its formation. A nonlinear complex diffusion-based filter adapted to Poisson noise is proposed in this paper to restore and enhance the degraded microscopic images captured by imaging devices having photon limited light detectors. The proposed filter is based on a maximum a posterior approach to the image reconstruction problem. The formulation of the filtering problem as maximisation of a posterior is useful because it allows one to incorporate the Poisson likelihood term as a data attachment which can be added to an image prior model. Here, the Gibb's image prior model-based on energy functional defined in terms of gradient norm of the image is used. The performance of the proposed scheme has been compared with other standard techniques available in literature such as Wiener filter, regularised filter, Lucy-Richardson filter and another proposed nonlinear anisotropic diffusion-based filter in terms of mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, correlation parameter and mean structure similarity index map.The results shows that the proposed complex diffusion-based filter adapted to Poisson noise performs better in comparison to other filters and is better choice for reduction of intrinsic Poisson noise from the digital microscopic images and it is also well capable of preserving edges and radiometric information such as luminance and contrast of the restored image.</p><p><strong>Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(5), pp.452-461</strong><strong><strong>, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.1181</strong></strong></p>
High Dynamic Range Color Image Enhancement Using Fuzzy Logic and Bacterial Foraging
Authors: Verma Om Prakash , Madasu V. K. , Shantaram V. 
Published: July 2017

<p>High dynamic range images contain both the underexposed and the overexposed regions. The enhancement of the underexposed and the overexposed regions is the main concern of this paper. Two new transformation functions are proposed to modify the fuzzy membership values of under and the overexposed regions of an image respectively.For the overexposed regions, a rectangular hyperbolic function is used while for the underexposed regions, an S-function is applied. The shape and range of these functions can be controlled by the parameters involved, which are optimized using the bacterial foraging optimization algorithm so as to obtain the enhanced image. The hue, saturation, and intensity (HSV) color space is employed for the purpose of enhancement, where the hue component is preserved to keep the original color composition intact. This approach is applicable to a degraded image of mixed type. On comparison, the proposed transforms yield better results than the existing transformation functions17 for both the underexposed and the overexposed regions.</p><p><strong>Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(5), pp.462-472</strong><strong><strong>, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.1184</strong></strong></p>
Habitat Predicts Levels of Genetic Admixture inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Tilakaratna Viranga , Bensasson Douda 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGenetic admixture can provide material for populations to adapt to local environments, and this process has played a crucial role in the domestication of plants and animals. The model yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been domesticated multiple times for the production of wine, sake, beer, and bread, but the high rate of admixture between yeast lineages has so far been treated as a complication for population genomic analysis. Here, we make use of the low recombination rate at centromeres to investigate admixture in yeast using a classic Bayesian approach and a locus-by-locus phylogenetic approach. Using both approaches, we find that S. cerevisiae from stable oak woodland habitats are less likely to show recent genetic admixture compared with those isolated from transient habitats such as fruits, wine, or human infections. When woodland yeast strains do show recent genetic admixture, the degree of admixture is lower than in strains from other habitats. Furthermore, S. cerevisiae populations from oak woodlands are genetically isolated from each other, with only occasional migration between woodlands and local fruit habitats. Application of the phylogenetic approach suggests that there is a previously undetected population in North Africa that is the closest outgroup to the European S. cerevisiae, including the domesticated Wine population. Careful testing for admixture in S. cerevisiae leads to a better understanding of the underlying population structure of the species and will be important for understanding the selective processes underlying domestication in this economically important species.
El enfriamiento como alternativa para una buena conservación de la leche a nivel de las fincas
Authors: Garnica Patricio 
Published: July 2017

En nuestro país a nivel de hatos lecheros (fincas) existe la falta de conocimiento<br />de una técnica de manejo y conservación del recurso lácteo lo cual lleva a una disminución de su calidad, por la contaminación, debido al tiempo que transcurre desde el momento del ordeño hasta su comercialización, ya sea directamente al consumidor o a las plantas procesadoras, que en la gran mayoría de los casos se mantiene a la temperatura ambiente en un periodo aproximado de doce a dieciséis horas, lapso en el cual se realiza la división celular y la acción microbiana, produciendo su acidificación.
Framework for an Evidence-Based Physical Activity Intervention: Promoting Healthy Communities
Authors: Bruno Laura E. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose: Identifying best practices in successful community based intervention programs is critical to improving the health concerns that currently afflict our nation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a community-based physical activity (PA) intervention program in order to share an evidence-based framework that can be used in community settings, including academic communities. The specific objectives of this study were to determine the effectiveness of a community based PA intervention program, specifically noting changes in perceived levels of (a) self-esteem, (b) body size satisfaction, (c) frequency of physical activity and (d) commitment levels the longer a participant engaged in the program.Method: The cross-sectional, quantitative self-report survey design utilized a 29-item web-based questionnaire. A sample of participants (N = 383 (Mage = 43 years; SD = 7 years; 100% women) from the Mullica Hill Women’s Triathlon Club self-selected to participate. Results: Independent sample t-tests ascertained that the longer a participant engaged in the program, the more her perceived self-esteem improved and the more committed she became to PA. Chi square goodness of fit analyses further demonstrated that a woman’s age impacted her level of satisfaction with her body. Conclusions: Opportunities to participate in a community based intervention program should be extended throughout all communities in an effort to improve holistic well-being. Further, type and duration as well as point of data collection of such programs should be differentiated in future research.