bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the challenges facing the handling of solid biomass feedstocks
Authors: Ilic Dusan , Williams Kenneth , Farnish Richard , Webb Erin , Liu Gary 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWith a major global emphasis on the management of waste, alternative resources and a shift to environmentally sustainable technologies, demand for large volumes of heterogeneous solid biomass feedstocks for energy or chemical use is expected to rise significantly. In transforming a sporadic supply of a low‐value, highly variable product, to continuous and controlled high throughput systems, a thorough understanding of the feedstock properties will increase in importance. Appropriate characterisation tests are necessary to define technical specification and selection criteria for handling equipment and to appraise the requirement and location for additional processes or pre‐treatment to be integrated into the handling chain. Such tests may also influence the material characteristics to be used in the conversion process. This paper discusses the main feedstock attributes associated with a number of handling chain phases and the approach to obtain them. The framework for a holistic approach to the characterisation and design of biomass feedstock handling systems for further development and practical implementation is also proposed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Recognition of clinical characteristics for population‐based surveillance of fetal alcohol syndrome
Authors: Andrews Jennifer G. , Galindo Maureen K. , Meaney F. John , Benavides Argelia , Mayate Linnette , Fox Deborah , Pettygrove Sydney , O'Leary Leslie , Cunniff Christopher 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundThe diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) rests on identification of characteristic facial, growth, and central nervous system (CNS) features. Public health surveillance of FAS depends on documentation of these characteristics. We evaluated if reporting of FAS characteristics is associated with the type of provider examining the child.MethodsWe analyzed cases aged 7–9 years from the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Surveillance Network II (FASSNetII). We included cases whose surveillance records included the type of provider (qualifying provider: developmental pediatrician, geneticist, neonatologist; other physician; or other provider) who evaluated the child as well as the FAS diagnostic characteristics (facial dysmorphology, CNS impairment, and/or growth deficiency) reported by the provider.ResultsA total of 345 cases were eligible for this analysis. Of these, 188 (54.5%) had adequate information on type of provider. Qualifying physicians averaged more than six reported FAS characteristics while other providers averaged less than five. Qualifying physicians reported on facial characteristics and developmental delay more frequently than other providers. Also, qualifying physicians reported on all three domains of characteristics (facial, CNS, and growth) in 97% of cases while others reported all three characteristics on two thirds of cases.ConclusionsDocumentation in medical records during clinical evaluations for FAS is lower than optimal for cross‐provider communication and surveillance purposes. Lack of documentation limits the quality and quantity of information in records that serve as a major source of data for public health surveillance systems.
A new fluorescent chemosensor for cadmium(II) based on a pyrene‐appended piperidone derivative and its β‐cyclodextrin complex
Authors: Poomalai Sumathi , Govindaraj Tamil Selvan , Soundrapandian Suganthi , Paulraj Mosae Selvakumar , Enoch Israel Vijayaraj Muthu Vijayan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe report, in this article, a piperidin‐4‐one derivative carrying pyrenyl fluorescent reporter groups which acts as a Cd2+ ion sensor. The compound is synthesized and characterized using IR and NMR spectral techniques. The compound forms an inclusion complex with β‐cyclodextrin. It selectively binds to Cd2+ ions in water and aqueous β‐cyclodextrin media. The stoichiometry of the host–guest complex of the compound with β‐cyclodextrin is 1:2. The ligand–metal ion binding stoichiometry is 1:1 both in water and in β‐cyclodextrin. The linear concentration range of detection of the metal ion is reported. Cyclodextrin complex formation does not affect the metal ion selectivity of the compound.
Luminescent thermometer based on Eu3+/Tb3+‐organic‐functionalized mesoporous silica
Authors: Kaczmarek Anna M. , Esquivel Dolores , Laforce Brecht , Vincze Laszlo , Van Der Voort Pascal , Romero‐Salguero Francisco J. , Van Deun Rik 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this work we investigate a mesoporous silica (MS) decorated with dipyridyl‐pyridazine (dppz) ligands and further grafted with a mixture of Eu3+/Tb3+ ions (28.45%:71.55%), which was investigated as a potential thermometer in the 10–360 K temperature range. The MS material was prepared employing a hetero Diels–Alder reaction: 3,6‐di(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine was reacted with the double bonds of vinyl‐silica (vSilica) followed by an oxidation procedure. We explore using the dppz‐vSilica material to obtain visible emitting luminescent materials and for obtaining a luminescent thermometer when grafted with Eu3+/Tb3+ ions. For the dppz‐vSilica@Eu,Tb material absolute sensitivity Sa of 0.011 K−1 (210 K) and relative sensitivity Sr of 1.32 %K−1 (260 K) were calculated showing good sensing capability of the material. Upon temperature change from 10 K to 360 K the emission color of the material changed gradually from yellow to red.
Genome Mining of the Lipopeptide Biosynthesis of Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 in Combination with Mass Spectrometry: Discovery of the Lipoheptapeptide Paenilipoheptin
Authors: Vater Joachim , Herfort Stefanie , Doellinger Joerg , Weydmann Max , Borriss Rainer , Lasch Peter 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPaenibacillus polymyxa strains are qualified for agro‐biotechnological uses such as plant growth promotion and for biocontrol strategies against deleterious phytopathogenic competitors in the soil depending on their attractive arsenal of bioactive compounds. Moreover, they are potent producers of antibiotics for medical applications. To identify new products of such organisms, genome mining strategies in combination with mass spectrometry are the methods of choice. Herein, we performed such studies with the Paenibacillus strain E681. Bioinformatic evaluation of its genome sequence revealed four gene clusters A–D encoding nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). Accordingly, four lipopeptide families were detected by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). Clusters A and D codify the well known fusaricidins and polymyxins. A yet‐unknown lipoheptapeptide was discovered and structurally characterized by de novo sequencing by using MALDI‐LIFT‐TOF/TOF MS. It was designated as paenilipoheptin. From structure predictions we infer that the production of this agent is encoded by gene cluster C. Gene cluster B encodes the synthesis of tridecaptins, a family of open‐chain lipotridecapeptides. Strain E681 produces new subspecies of such compounds (tridecaptins E) showing variations both in their fatty‐acid part as well as in their peptide part.
Centrifugal milling of wheat bran
Authors: Khalid Khairunizah Hazila , Manthey Frank , Simsek Senay 
Published: January 2018

Background and objectivesBran and germ are by‐products of wheat flour milling. These milling fractions generally consist of large flakes, and flour particles often adhere to the bran fragments. Commercially, flour particles are removed via bran finishers. The aims of the study were to, investigate the effect of the flour removal process on ground bran characteristics and to determine the milling parameters required to produce a high yield of fine bran flour. Different tempering levels (10%–16%) were applied to bran prior to size reduction using centrifugal mill. Mill parameters studied were mill rotor speed (6,000–15,000 rpm) and feed rate (6–12 g/min).FindingsResults showed that the bran and germ fraction contained 10% flour and the flour was 1.4‐fold higher in protein content compared with the bran. Ground bran moisture content was positively correlated with moisture level during tempering. Ground bran particle size increased as tempering level increased.ConclusionsOverall, ground bran milled from centrifugal mill at high mill rotor speed (12,000–15,000 rpm) with low tempering level (10%–12%) and low‐feed rate (6 g/min) produced ground bran with high yield of fine particle size (52%–59%) regardless whether flour was removed or not.Significance and noveltyHowever, recovering the flour from the bran fraction may be beneficial to increase the extraction rate of refined flour.
Significance of variables for discrimination: Applied to the search of organic ions in mass spectra measured on cometary particles
Authors: Varmuza Kurt , Filzmoser Peter , Hoffmann Irene , Walach Jan , Cottin Hervé , Fray Nicolas , Briois Christelle , Modica Paola , Bardyn Anaïs , Silén Johan , Siljeström Sandra , Stenzel Oliver , Kissel Jochen , Hilchenbach Martin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe instrument Cometary Secondary Ion Mass Analyzer (COSIMA) on board of the European Space Agency mission Rosetta to the comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko is a secondary ion mass spectrometer with a time‐of‐flight mass analyzer. It collected near the comet several thousand particles, imaged them, and analyzed the elemental and chemical compositions of their surfaces. In this study, variables have been generated from the spectral data covering the mass ranges of potential C‐, H‐, N‐, and O‐containing ions. The variable importance in binary discriminations between spectra measured on cometary particles and those measured on the target background has been estimated by the univariate t test and the multivariate methods discriminant partial least squares, random forest, and a robust method based on the log ratios of all variable pairs. The results confirm the presence of organic substances in cometary matter—probably a complex macromolecular mixture.
Roles of Amphipathicity and Hydrophobicity in the Micelle‐Driven Structural Switch of a 14‐mer Peptide Core from a Choline‐Binding Repeat
Authors: Zamora‐Carreras Héctor , Maestro Beatriz , Strandberg Erik , Ulrich Anne S. , Sanz Jesús M. , Jiménez M. Ángeles 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCholine‐binding repeats (CBRs) are ubiquitous sequences with a β‐hairpin core that are found in the surface proteins of several microorganisms such as S. pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Previous studies on a 14‐mer CBR sequence derived from the pneumoccal LytA autolysin (LytA239–252 peptide) have demonstrated a switch behaviour for this peptide, so that it acquires a stable, native‐like β‐hairpin conformation in aqueous solution but is reversibly transformed into an amphipathic α‐helix in the presence of detergent micelles. With the aim of understanding the factors responsible for this unusual β‐hairpin to α‐helix transition, and to specifically assess the role of peptide hydrophobicity and helical amphipathicity in the process, we designed a series of LytA239–252 variants affecting these two parameters and studied their interaction with dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles by solution NMR, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopies. Our results indicate that stabilising cross‐strand interactions become essential for β‐hairpin stability in the absence of optimal turn sequences. Moreover, both amphipathicity and hydrophobicity display comparable importance for helix stabilisation of CBR‐derived peptides in micelles, indicating that these sequences represent a novel class of micelle/membrane‐interacting peptides.
Inhibitor‐Directed Spin Labelling—A High Precision and Minimally Invasive Technique to Study the Conformation of Proteins in Solution
Authors: Yin Dongsheng M. , Hammler Daniel , Peter Martin F. , Marx Andreas , Schmitz Anton , Hagelueken Gregor 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPulsed electron–electron double resonance spectroscopy (known as PELDOR or DEER) has recently become a very popular tool in structural biology. The technique can be used to accurately measure distance distributions within macromolecules or macromolecular complexes, and has become a standard method to validate structural models and to study the conformational flexibility of macromolecules. It can be applied in solution, in lipid environments or even in cells. Because most biological macromolecules are diamagnetic, they are normally invisible for PELDOR spectroscopy. To render a particular target molecule accessible for PELDOR, it can be engineered to contain only one or two surface‐exposed cysteine residues, which can be efficiently spin‐labelled using thiol‐reactive nitroxide compounds. This method has been coined “site‐directed spin labelling” (SDSL) and is normally straight‐forward. But, SDSL can be very challenging for proteins with many native cysteines, or even a single functionally or structurally important cysteine residue. For such cases, alternative spin labelling techniques are needed. Here we describe the concept of “inhibitor‐directed spin labelling” (IDSL) as an approach to spin label suitable cysteine‐rich proteins in a site‐directed and highly specific manner by employing bespoke spin‐labelled inhibitors. Advantages and disadvantages of IDSL are discussed.
Semibatch Emulsion Polymerization of Vinylidene Fluoride
Authors: Brandl Florian , Beuermann Sabine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDie vielseitigen Eigenschaften von Polyvinylidenfluorid ermöglichen ein breites Anwendungsspektrum von der Automobilindustrie bis zur Medizin. Die halbkontinuierliche Emulsionspolymerisation von Vinylidenfluorid wurde untersucht. Die Rührergeschwindigkeit und der Reaktionsdruck wurden variiert, um einen effizienten Eintrag des gasförmigen Monomers in die Reaktionsmischung zu erzielen. Polymere mit enger Molmassenverteilung wurden aus Iodtransferpolymerisationen erhalten. Die Größen der Latexteilchen wurden mittels dynamischer Lichtstreuung und Feldemissionselektronenmikroskopie ermittelt.
Electrophysiological characteristics and catheter ablation of symptomatic focal premature atrial contractions originating from pulmonary veins and non‐pulmonary veins
Authors: Huang Xingfu , Chen Yanjia , Xiao Junhui , Zhao Hongxin , Chen Yizhen , Liu Shenrong , He Liwei , Huang Zheng , Zhou Haobin , Xu Dingli , Peng Jian 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundWe aimed to explore electrophysiological characteristics of premature atrial contractions (PACs) originating from pulmonary veins (PVs) and non‐PVs and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of catheter ablation for PACs.HypothesisSymptomatic PACs originated from different positions and whether could be ablated.MethodsSymptomatic, frequent, and drug‐refractory PAC patients were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent electrophysiological study and catheter ablation.ResultsA total of 81 patients were enrolled: 45 patients with PACs originating from PVs (group A), 24 patients with PACs originating from non‐PVs (group B), and 12 patients with PACs arising from both PVs and non‐PVs (group C). Twenty (44.4%) patients in group A, 6 (50.0%) patients in group C, and 3 (12.5%) patients in group B presented paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (P < 0.05). PV isolation was performed in groups A and C. Focal ablation or superior vena cava isolation was performed in groups B and C, depending on patient condition. PACs were abolished in all patients except one patient in group B. During a median follow‐up period of 21.3 ± 14.3 months, 40 (88.9%) patients in group A, 10 (83.3%) patients in group C, and 21 (87.5%) patients in group B were free of recurrence after initial ablation.ConclusionsFrequent PACs originating from PVs were associated with increased incidence of atrial fibrillation compared with PACs originating from non‐PVs. Catheter ablation yields a satisfactory success rate and could be a good choice for eliminating symptomatic, frequent, and drug‐refractory PACs.
Fertility preservation options in pediatric and adolescent patients with cancer
Authors: Burns Karen C. , Hoefgen Holly , Strine Andrew , Dasgupta Roshni 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe incidence of childhood cancer has steadily increased since the 1950s, with approximately 16,000 children diagnosed each year. However, with the advent of more effective multimodal therapies, childhood cancer survival rates have continued to improve over the past 40 years, with >80% of patients now surviving into adulthood. Fertility preservation (FP) has become an important quality‐of‐life issue for many survivors of childhood cancer. As a result, the therapeutic options have become less gonadotoxic over time and more patients are being offered FP options. This review examines the indications for consultation, male and female FP options both in the prepubertal patient and adolescent patient, and the unique ethical issues surrounding FP in this vulnerable population. Cancer 2018;124:1867‐76. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
A Bis(phenylethynyl)pyrene‐Based [3]Rotaxane as an Extremely Photostable Fluorescence Probe Suitable for Hard‐Edged Irradiation Experiments
Authors: Yoshizawa Atsushi , Inouye Masahiko 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWater‐soluble bis(phenylethynyl)pyrene‐based [3]rotaxanes were synthesized from a fluorescent core, two permethyl α‐cyclodextrins and two stopper molecules. The inner fluorophore was completely shielded with permethyl α‐cyclodextrin that does not interfere with the excitation or emission of the fluorophore. The system emitted only blue light attributable to monomeric pyrene under all conditions with high fluorescence quantum yields. The [3]rotaxane showed high photostability and could be excited with 405 nm light, a common laser wavelength of commercial microscopes. The [3]rotaxane was derivatized to its succinimidyl ester for labeling Lys residues of proteins. The fluorescent core was found to be stable against photoirradiation even after labeling. The [3]rotaxane‐type fluorophore may find application as a superior probe in fields such as super‐resolution microscopy and single‐molecule detection experiments in which significant photodurability is required.
Substrate Temperature Induced (020) Growth Facets of Nebulizer Sprayed BiVO4 Thin Films for Effective Photodegradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Ravidhas Chellathurai , Arivukarasan Dharmalingam , Venkatesh Ramadoss , Suresh Esther Santhoshi Monica , Anitha Balasubramanian , Josephine Arokiaraj Juliat , Ezhil Raj Arthur Ayyadurai Moses , Ravichandran Krishna Samy , Gopalakrishnan Chandrasekaran , Sanjeeviraja Chinnappanadar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe high‐efficient and visible‐light active monoclinic BiVO4 thin films with preferentially oriented (020) facets are successfully deposited by nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique. The role of substrate temperature over crystal growth facets and other physical properties of BiVO4 films are analyzed using XRD, HRTEM, UV spectrometer, and Raman analysis. The BiVO4 thin film deposited at 350 °C possesses broad absorbance in the visible region with highly exposed (020) facet is obtained. Room temperature photoluminescence analysis is used to understand the effective charge separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pair in BiVO4 thin films. It is worth to mention that the obtained monoclinic scheelite BiVO4 film with preferentially oriented (020) facet has large surface areas to produce greater number of reactive hydroxyl radicals, for the effective photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye. Total organic content (TOC) study is conducted to examine the mineralization of organic compounds present in rhodamine B dye.
Predator identity more than predator richness structures aquatic microbial assemblages in Sarracenia purpurea leaves
Authors: Canter Erin J. , Cuellar‐Gempeler Catalina , Pastore Abigail I. , Miller Thomas E. , Mason Olivia U. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe importance of predators in influencing community structure is a well‐studied area of ecology. However, few studies test ecological hypotheses of predation in multi‐predator microbial communities. The phytotelmic community found within the water‐filled leaves of the pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea, exhibits a simple trophic structure that includes multiple protozoan predators and microbial prey. Using this system, we sought to determine whether different predators target distinct microorganisms, how interactions among protozoans affect resource (microorganism) use, and how predator diversity affects prey community diversity. In particular, we endeavored to determine if protozoa followed known ecological patterns such as keystone predation or generalist predation. For these experiments, replicate inquiline microbial communities were maintained for seven days with five protozoan species. Microbial community structure was determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (iTag) and analysis. Compared to the control (no protozoa), two ciliates followed patterns of keystone predation by increasing microbial evenness. In pairwise competition treatments with a generalist flagellate, prey communities resembled the microbial communities of the respective keystone predator in monoculture. The relative abundance of the most common bacterial Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) in our system decreased compared to the control in the presence of these ciliates. This OTU was 98% similar to a known chitin degrader and nitrate reducer, important functions for the microbial community and the plant host. Collectively, the data demonstrated that predator identity had a greater effect on prey diversity and composition than overall predator diversity.
Gold(I) Catalyzed Enyne Cycloisomerization – A Roadmap to Privileged Heterocyclic Scaffolds
Authors: Lee Yen‐Chun , Kumar Kamal 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGold(I) catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction is one of the key transformations that remain underexplored to build molecular diversity and complexity. In this review, we summarize synthesis endeavors where enyne cycloisomerization chemistry was utilized to form structurally intriguing as well as biologically relevant heterocyclic scaffolds. To this goal, most of the efforts tend to exploit gold carbene type intermediates, often supporting a cyclopropane ring and transform them into new scaffolds. Various examples have been grouped together to highlight the role of presence or absence of external heteroatom nucleophiles in modulating reactive intermediates into novel molecular frameworks. The last section is devoted to the emerging role of gold(I) catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions in driving the divergent synthesis approaches wherein a common substrate can be transformed into distinct molecular scaffolds by merely varying reaction conditions or gold complexes.