bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Field Development and Control Yields Accelerated, More Reliable, Production: A North Sea Case Study
Authors: Sefat M. Haghighat , Muradov K. M. , Davies D. R. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Intelligent (I-) wells equipped with Interval Control Valves (ICVs) add downhole (zonal) control and multiple flow monitoring sensors to the capabilities of Conventional (C-) Wells. They reduce the well count and accelerate the field's production ramp-up by managed, commingled production from multiple reservoir layers (or zones). This early NPV gain during the plateau period is easily lost if optimum flow control management is not practiced. Optimal C- and I- field management and control during this period is a complicated optimization problem using multiple reservoir simulation models generated to address limited knowledge of the reservoir.
This study discusses the application of a state-of-the-art robust optimization framework that addresses the challenging problem of I-field control under reservoir uncertainty to develop an optimum well and zone management strategy. A stochastic gradient estimation method optimizes a utility function to account for the reservoir description uncertainty. This framework enabled identification of the optimum control scenario for a recent, real North Sea field development using a single, high-end workstation.
The field development plan requires drilling 21 C-wells - 14 producers and 7 injectors. Six of these C-producers penetrate two separate reservoirs; presenting the opportunity to replace them with three I-production wells with controlled, commingled production. Reducing the number of wells via a partial I-well field development scenario resulted in an increased, early-time, NPV and accelerated plateau production. Robust, proactive optimization of these wells ensured that the early NPV gain was maintained. It extended the oil production plateau in all reservoir model realizations. The field NPV increased by up to 4.5% when compared to a "no-proactive-production-control" scenario. The larger gains in the field NPV, as a result of robust proactive optimization, were achieved by the less favorable, reservoir simulation realizations - reducing the uncertainty associated with the profitability of the field development.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Oilfield Operation and Intervention
Authors: Akanji L. T. , Ofi I. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Oilfield operation and production management particularly in extreme geographic location is still a challenge from optimisation and cost-effectiveness points of view. Further, data handling and storage attract huge capital investments with little realisation of ultimate goal of effective and efficient handling and management. In this work, we propose an artificial intelligence technique of oilfield operation monitoring and intervention. Real time data generated from remote and challenging oilfields is used to decipher the performance of operational processes. We integrate the meta-heuristic optimisation searching speed of an enhanced algorithm with the robustness of fuzzy logic reasoning; based on the degree of membership functions rather than exact or extreme conditions, and the learning capability of neural networks, to derive the required intelligence. This allows a predictive and proactive intervention in oilfield operations and management.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-associated Angioedema Treated with c1-esterase Inhibitor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Erickson Davis Lynn , Coop Christopher Albert 
Published: August 2016

Case Report A 59-year old man currently on >5 years of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) therapy presented to the emergency department with angioedema of the tongue and difficulty swallowing. After receiving conventional therapy of antihistamine, steroids, and epinephrine, the patient's condition continued to deteriorate, with imminent intubation. The patient was treated with a C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) and experienced rapid resolution of symptoms, which avoided airway complications. Discussion Although no therapy has been approved for the treatment of ACEI–associated angioedema (AAE), the conventional therapy (antihistamine, steroids, and epinephrine) often proves ineffective in this bradykinin-mediated angioedema. There are drugs approved and used for hereditary angioedema that may be effective in the acute phase of ACEI-AAE that may prevent the need for further interventions, such as intubation and tracheotomy. These drugs include icatibant, ecallantide, fresh frozen plasma, and C1-INH. Conclusion The literature and clinical evidence indicate C1-INH can be effectively used in the treatment of ACEI-AAE to halt the progression of the condition, prevent airway compromise and the need for intervention, and lead to rapid resolution of symptoms.
PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF COLOR CHANGE IN THE SAND FLOUNDER SCOPTHALAMUS AQUOSUS1
Authors: Scott George T. 
Published: August 2016

An elucidation of the mechanisms of chromatophore control in teleost fishes involves consideration of the participation of the nervous system (pigment concentrating and dispersing fibers) and an evaluation of influences mediated by pituitary hormones. The sand flounder, Scopthalamus aquasus Norman (Lophosetta muculatu Gill) was investigated by neurological and pharmacological methods.Nerve cutting, blocking and stimulation experiments revealed unequivocally functional pigment aggregating but not dispersing fibers.Acetyl choline and eserine when injected into the spinal cord bring about excitation of pigment concentrating nerve fibers but have no local effect on melanocytes. Drugs causing local pigment aggregation are aromatic ethyl amines or hydrazines. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are extremely active. The most potent pigment dispersing drugs were certain phenothiazine tranquilizers.Pretreatment with pyrogallol markedly potentiated epinephrine and norepinephrine but raised the effective dose of five of the drugs having pigment dispersing properties.The pharmacological data suggest a catechol amine as the transmitter at concentrating nerve fiber endings, and that the enzyme catechol‐o‐methyl transferase is involved in the physiology of color change in the sand flounder.
NOTES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FRESHWATER MUSSEL ANODONTA IMPLICATA SAY AND THE ALEWIFE POMOLBUS PSEUDOHARENGUS (WILSON)1
Authors: Dawnport Demorest , Warmuth Maryanna 
Published: August 2016

“Were there more connections between us that needed exploration?”—John Hay: The Run.An ecological relationship between the freshwater mussel Anodonta implicata Say and the alewife Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Wilson) is described. Evidence is presented that the parasitic larvae (glochidia) of A. implicata cannot, in the process of attachment, “discriminate” between the tissues of P. pseudoharengus and those of other fishes that may move with the alewives during the run but have a much wider distribution. The conclusion is reached that if, as most evidence appears to indicate, the relationship between the two animals is nevertheless a species‐specific one, the parasitic stage of A. implicata cannot complete its development on the tissues of other fishes to which it can be caused to attach experimentally and, further, that this stage can be of no greater duration than the time spent in freshwater by an individual alewife.
Carbon flux by suspended and sinking particles around the barrier reef of Palau, western Pacific
Authors: Hata Hiroshi , Suzuki Atsushi , Maruyama Tadashi , Kurano Norihide , Miyachi Sigetoh , Ikeda Yutaka , Kayanne Hajime 
Published: August 2016

Suspended and sinking particles were studied around a barrier reef of the Palau Islands in the western Pacific. Concentrations of particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic nitrogen (PON), and chlorophyll a were high in reef waters and decreased toward the open ocean. At the reef edge, concentrations of organic particles in outgoing waters were higher than those in incoming waters, indicating net export of organic matter. Sediment trap observations conducted off the barrier reef showed a larger vertical flux of POC at an inshore station (2.5 km off the reef edge) than that at an offshore station (20 km), attributable to the net export of organic particles. Organic/inorganic carbon ratios of particles trapped at a depth of 45 m in the lagoon were smaller than those of suspended particles in surface water, suggesting a rapid decomposition of organic matter during sedimentation and a resuspension of carbonate‐dominant bottom sediments.We estimate that 7% of the gross community production in the reef is deposited in the lagoon zone, 4% is exported to the open ocean, and 0.6% is transferred below the thermocline (150 m depth) in the ocean.
Estimating photosynthetic activity in microbial mats in an ice‐covered Antarctic lake using automated oxygen microelectrode profiling and variable chlorophyll fluorescence
Authors: Hawes Ian , Giles Hilke , Doran Peter T. 
Published: August 2016

An automated oxygen microprofiler measured a positive flux of oxygen from microbial mats in ice‐covered Lake Hoare, Antarctica, from noon, at a photon flux of 20 µmol m−2 s−1, through to midnight (< 2 µmol photons m−2 s−1). Daily average oxygen flux was 200 µmol m−2 h−1; and, whereas it was maximal at noon, when a 10 mm broad concentration peak was observed 5 mm below the mat surface, flux correlated only weakly with irradiance. In contrast, relative electron transfer rate, estimated from variable chlorophyll fluorescence, suggested a linear relationship between photosystem activity and irradiance. This contradiction arose because of the conjunction of photosynthetic production of oxygen deep into these transparent, gelatinous mats (diel oxygen change was observed to 17 mm depth) and oxygen diffusion rates too slow to allow equilibration of oxygen concentration profiles with instantaneous production and consumption of oxygen. To confirm this, we developed a mathematical simulation of oxygen dynamics that included diffusion, photosynthesis, and respiration. The simulation further indicated that (1) net oxygen evolution is light limited is and confined to the upper few millimeters of the mat, (2) below 5–7 mm, respiration balanced photosynthesis, (3) below 17 mm, respiration and photosynthesis approached zero, even though organic carbon and dissolved oxygen were present, and (4) photosynthesis deep into the mat was dependent on high light transmission through the gelatinous matrix. These conclusions are consistent with current understanding of mat growth dynamics and point to approaches for long‐term analysis of microbial mat productivity.
Roesmiddelen en regulering: oude wijn in nieuwe regels?
Authors: Decorte Tom , Zaitch Damián 
Published: August 2016

Pleasurable substances and regulation: old wine in new rules?
In contrast with the critical, innovative ideas developed between the 1960s and the 1980s regarding the way we deal with illegal drugs in our societies, the current dominant approaches frame the issue of drugs as a matter of crime, public order, and control. Pleasurable substances have always existed and always will, and so the efforts to cope with them. However, we witness today remarkable developments at local, national and international levels in the fields of drug policies (on cannabis for example), drug trafficking (new routes, new actors) and drug use (new substances, new drug cultures), all of which deserve our attention and push us to think beyond the repressive paradigm. This contribution, which also serves as an introduction for this special issue of ToCC on drugs, aims to present an overview of the main developments taking place, and challenges ahead, within the three above-mentioned fields. There are new markets and trends in the use of legal and illegal pleasurable substances, particularly regarding synthetic drugs (amphetamines, methamphetamines and new psychoactive substances or NPS), tobacco and alcohol. Illegal drugs are supplied from changing countries and through new routes, while retailing increasingly takes place through the so-called cryptomarkets (online). Effective policies are rendered impossible by the fundamental repression paradox: the more intensive and effective the repression, the larger the profits of drug traffickers and the balloon effects (displacement). Despite the harms and negative effects of repressive policies have extensively been documented, a societal debate towards the regulation of illegal drugs is hindered by the use of false dichotomies or presuppositions, by the use of ethical or moral appeals, or by lack of political will. Also the debate in the media is static, superficial and full of clichés. Scientific research on drugs also follows specific agendas and it is focussed on particular aspects of the problem. Changes to end the ‘war on drugs’, certainly regarding cannabis, are however underway in many places at local and national level (Uruguay, Canada, US, Spain, etc.), this despite UN bureaucracies and international conventions that fiercely resist those changes.
“A liberdade dentro da fé”: cristianismo, poesia e contemporaneidade em Murilo Mendes
Authors: Santos Luciano Costa 
Published: August 2016

<p class="intTextoResumo">Murilo Mendes se sobressai como um dos mais inventivos poetas brasileiros contemporâneos de matriz modernista. Por isso, causou estranheza a publicação de “Tempo e Eternidade” (1935), sob o lema “Restauremos a poesia em Cristo”, cuja impostação aparentemente reativa sugere haver o poeta renegado sua condição moderna e, ao menos, restringido a vocação artística. Não obstante, tal viragem estético-existencial intensifica características estilísticas e abre outras zonas de sensibilidade e horizontes temáticos em sua poesia, operando uma transfiguração simbólica que nem lhe desfibra o élan criador, nem doma sua insubmissa virulência. A “restauração” da poesia “em Cristo” não capitula a liberdade criadora do poeta a uma férrea ordem metafísica prévia, mas propicia-lhe o encontro com uma inaudita potência redentora de sentido que lhe dá novos e definitivos motivos para cantar. Ao conciliar liberdade e fé, criação e reverência e, por extensão, homem e Deus, tempo e eternidade etc., convertendo a suposta contradição em tenso e fecundo contraste, a poesia de Murilo Mendes descortina uma promissora perspectiva de leitura do mistério cristão que aqui denominamos <em>transmoderna</em>, a qual, sem ser anti-moderna ou “reacionária” – por assumir a aventura da liberdade na vertigem dos tempos atuais –, vai além do paradigma moderno, ao retirar o sujeito de sua esterilizante auto-suficiência e abri-lo a um permanente diálogo com a transcendência.Tal chave hermenêutica é demonstrada a partir de uma abordagem das principais fases e obras do autor. </p>
Stable reconnection at the dusk flank magnetopause
Authors: Gomez R. G. , Vines S. K. , Fuselier S. A. , Cassak P. A. , Strangeway R. J. , Petrinec S. M. , Burch J. L. , Trattner K. J. , Russell C. T. , Torbert R. B. , Pollock C. , Young D. T. , Lewis W. S. , Mukherjee J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe dusk flank magnetopause was surveyed with instruments on board the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft on 28 August 2015 between 13:55 UT and 14:15 UT during a period of persistent southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) with varying dawn‐dusk component. Plasma measurements (500 eV electrons, > 2 keV ions) revealed the existence of at least one active reconnection region that persisted throughout the interval. The reconnection region convected equatorward despite the poleward and tailward magnetosheath flow, which ranged from slightly sub‐Alfvénic to slightly super‐Alfvénic throughout the interval. These results suggest that magnetic reconnection moved in response to changes in the IMF clock angle rather than the magnetosheath flow, which is corroborated using predictions of the maximum magnetic shear model.
Sensitivity of stress inversion of focal mechanisms to pore pressure changes
Authors: Martínez‐Garzón Patricia , Vavryčuk Václav , Kwiatek Grzegorz , Bohnhoff Marco 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe investigate the sensitivity of stress inversion from focal mechanisms to pore pressure changes. Synthetic tests reveal that pore pressure variations can cause apparent changes in the retrieved stress ratio R relating the magnitude of the intermediate principal stress with respect to the maximum and minimum principal stresses. Pore pressure and retrieved R are negatively correlated when R is low (R < 0.6). The spurious variations in retrieved R are suppressed when R > 0.6. This observation is independent of faulting style, and it may be related to different performance of the fault plane selection criterion and variability in orientation of activated faults under different pore pressures. Our findings from synthetic data are supported by results obtained from induced seismicity at The Geysers geothermal field. Therefore, the retrieved stress ratio variations can be utilized for monitoring pore pressure changes at seismogenic depth in stress domains with overall low R.
The unusual 2013–2015 drought in South Korea in the context of a multicentury precipitation record: Inferences from a nonstationary, multivariate, Bayesian copula model
Authors: Kwon Hyun‐Han , Lall Upmanu , Kim Seong‐Joon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecently, the Korean peninsula faced severe drought for more than 3 years (2013–2015). Drought in this region is characterized by multidecadal variability, as seen from one of the longest systematic records available in Asia from 1770 to 2015. This paper explores how the return period of the 2013–2015 drought varies over this historical period to provide a context for the changing climate and drought severity in the region. A nonstationary, multivariate, Bayesian copula model for drought severity and duration is developed and applied. Given the wetting trend over the last 50 years, the recent drought appears quite extreme, while such droughts were common in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Deliquescent phenomena of ambient aerosols on the North China Plain
Authors: Kuang Y. , Zhao C. S. , Ma N. , Liu H. J. , Bian Y. X. , Tao J. C. , Hu Min 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this study, we report that the deliquescent phenomena of ambient aerosols on the North China Plain are frequently observed using a humidified nephelometer system. The deliquescence relative humidity (RH) primarily ranges from 73% to 81%, with an average of 76.8%. The observed deliquescent phenomena of ambient aerosols exhibit distinct diurnal patterns and are highly correlated with ammonium sulfate. The diurnal variations of ammonium and nitrate may play significant roles on occurrences of observed deliquescent phenomena. The frequently observed deliquescent phenomena of ambient aerosols in this paper imply that current parameterization schemes that describe the RH dependence of particle light scattering may result in a significant bias when estimating aerosol effects on climate.
Subsurface circulation and mesoscale variability in the Algerian subbasin from altimeter‐derived eddy trajectories
Authors: Escudier Romain , Mourre Baptiste , Juza Mélanie , Tintoré Joaquín 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAlgerian eddies are the strongest and largest propagating mesoscale structures in the Western Mediterranean Sea. They have a large influence on the mean circulation, water masses and biological processes. Over 20 years of satellite altimeter data have been analyzed to characterize the propagation of these eddies using automatic detection methods and cross‐correlation analysis. We found that, on average, Algerian eddy trajectories form two subbasin scale anticlockwise gyres that coincide with the two Algerian gyres which were described in the literature as the barotropic circulation in the area. This result suggests that altimetry sea surface observations can provide information on subsurface currents and their variability through the study of the propagation of deep mesoscale eddies in semienclosed seas. The analysis of eddy sea level anomalies along the mean pathways reveals three preferred areas of formation. Eddies are usually formed at a specific time of the year in these areas, with a strong interannual variability over the last 20 years.
Fate and transport of dissolved methane and ethane in cretaceous shales of the Williston Basin, Canada
Authors: Jim Hendry M. , Lee Barbour S. , Schmeling Erin E. , Mundle Scott O. C. , Huang M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBaseline characteristics of dissolved methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) and their stable isotopes in thick, low hydraulic conductivity, Cretaceous shales were determined using high‐resolution core profiling at four sites in the Williston Basin (WB), Canada. Positive correlations with the conservative natural tracer Cl− reflected a lack of measureable production or consumption of gases in the shale to the depth investigated (150 m below ground, BG) and suggest CH4 and C2H6 concentrations near the interface with overlying Quaternary sediments are controlled by lateral migration and dilution in permeable zones. Curvilinear increasing concentrations with depth in the shale at all sites coupled with 1‐D solute transport modeling suggest long‐term (over millions of years) upward diffusion of CH4 and C2H6 from deeper WB sources, likely the Second White Speckled Shale Formation (SWSS; ∼790 m BG). δ13C‐CH4 profiles in the shale are consistent with upward diffusional fractionation of isotopes from the SWSS. Distinct CH4 and C2H6 isotope values of gases in the shales versus 13C‐enriched thermogenic isotopic signatures of CH4 and C2H6 in deeper oil‐producing WB intervals could be used to identify fugitive gases originating deeper in the Basin.
Dispersion und Wasserstoffbrücken bestimmend – Warum die Verdampfungsenthalpien von aprotischen größer als die von protischen ionischen Flüssigkeiten sind
Authors: Zaitsau Dzmitry H. , Emel'yanenko Vladimir N. , Stange Peter , Schick Christoph , Verevkin Sergey P. , Ludwig Ralf 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDispersionskräfte sind dominant bei der molekularen Assoziation in Kohlenwasserstoffen. In Lösung können diese schwachen Wechselwirkungskräfte nur schwer abgeschätzt werden. Die Analyse der Wechselwirkungsenergien und die quantitative Bestimmung der Dispersionskräfte sind besonders für polare Substanzen wie die ionischen Flüssigkeiten (ILs) eine Herausforderung. Dabei herrscht in ILs eine subtile Balance zwischen Coulomb‐Wechselwirkung, Wasserstoffbrücken und Dispersionskräften. Anhand von Verdampfungsenthalpien, Ferninfrarot‐Spektroskopie und quantenchemischen Berechnungen wurden die Wechselwirkungsenergien zwischen Kationen und Anionen in aprotischen (AILs) und protischen (PILs) ionischen Flüssigkeiten analysiert. Die stärkere Wechselwirkungsenergie in PILs wird durch die starken und gerichteten Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen Kationen und Anionen bestimmt, während die höheren Verdampfungsenthalpien der AILs auf die zunehmenden Dispersionswechselwirkungen zwischen den Ionenpaaren zurückzuführen sind.
Synthesis of epoxy curing agents containing different ring structures and properties investigation of the cured resins
Authors: Li Tingting , Liu Xiaoqing , Jiang Yanhua , Ma Songqi , Zhu Jin 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTTwo kinds of aliphatic epoxy curing agents containing ring structures were synthesized from rosin acid and isosorbide, respectively. They were cured with diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DER331) and the ultimate propertied of the cured resins were investigated. For comparison, the petroleum‐based curing agent containing planar benzene ring was synthesized from terephthalic acid. The chemical structures of the synthesized curing agents were identified by Fourier transform‐infrared and H‐nuclear magnetic resonance. The ultimate properties of the cured epoxy resins were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. Especially, the effects of ring structure on their shape memory properties were studied in terms of shape fixity, shape recovery, and shape recovery time. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44219.