bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audiometric Profiles Across a Clinical Population of Children With Hyperacusis
Authors: Jahn Kelly N. , Wiegand-Shahani Braden M. , Lobarinas Edward 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
Hyperacusis (sound sensitivity) is well documented among adults, but little is known about hyperacusis in children. Here, we assess relationships among the presence of hyperacusis, audiometric profiles, and nonauditory factors in a pediatric clinical population.

Method:
A retrospective review of clinical records from 329 children, ages 2–17 years, was performed to assess the prevalence of hyperacusis and correlations among hearing status, behavioral or communication concerns, and the presence of hyperacusis.

Results:
In 329 study participants, 18% reported hyperacusis (58% male and 42% female). No significant sex or age differences were found. Hyperacusis was more likely to occur alongside normal hearing or with unilateral hearing loss relative to bilateral hearing loss. Among children with hyperacusis, there was a high prevalence of audiovestibular problems, mental health concerns, speech and language delays, difficulty in school, and behavioral problems. Tinnitus was also found to be comorbid with hyperacusis, but the comorbidity was less than that reported in adults.

Conclusions:
This study identified common hearing profiles and critical comorbidities in a large clinical cohort of children with hyperacusis. These results demonstrate the urgent need for standardized multidisciplinary assessment and treatment protocols for pediatric hyperacusis.
Word Learning in Bilingual Children at Risk for Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Kan Pui Fong 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare the novel word learning skills between Cantonese–English bilingual children at risk for developmental language disorder (DLD) and their typically developing (TD) peers.

Method:
Participants were 24 Cantonese–English bilingual preschool children at risk for DLD and 38 TD children. Each participant was presented with eight novel words in Cantonese (first language [L1]) and eight in English (second language [L2]) over eight weekly sessions. Children's existing lexical knowledge was measured using the moving-average number of different words in language samples in L1 and L2.

Results:
Bilingual children at risk for DLD were scored lower than their TD peers for both languages over time. The role of lexical knowledge in children's word learning differed between the TD and DLD groups: Lexical knowledge in L1 was a predictor of L1 word learning in TD children, while lexical knowledge in L2 predicted L2 word learning in children at risk for DLD. In addition, significant cross-linguistic effects were found from L2 to L1 for both groups.

Conclusions:
This study underscores the complexity of novel word learning in bilingual children at risk for DLD. Clinically, these findings suggest the value of tracking learning trajectories in bilingual children across both languages.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication Assessment for Children on the Autism Spectrum: Protocol Development and Content Validation
Authors: Lund Shelley K. , Quach Wendy , Weissling Kristy , McKelvey Miechelle 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
Previous research has shown that many speech-language pathologists (SLPs) lack confidence in conducting augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) evaluations. The AAC Clinical Assessment Project team developed a protocol to help guide SLPs to complete AAC assessments for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This article describes the creation and content validation of the protocol.

Method:
Two studies were conducted. The first study developed the content of the protocol using information from previous research, observation of two AAC clinical specialists, and interviews with these specialists. In the second study, five specialists in AAC and ASD provided content validation by rating the appropriateness of each item in the protocol. Advisory group meetings were held with the specialists to discuss how to edit the protocol based on the survey results.

Results:
The final protocol contains a description of each area to be assessed, a rationale for assessing it, and suggested methods to conduct the assessment.

Conclusions:
The final version of the protocol has excellent content validity. Future research will evaluate the feasibility of using the protocol in clinical practice and whether using the protocol improves the clinical decision making of SLPs when planning AAC assessments.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27156207
Novel design method for cascade control structure of electric drives: Closed‐form expressions for control gains via pole placement
Authors: Budai Csaba , Tóth‐Katona Tamás , Stumpf Péter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCascade control structures with inner current and outer speed loop, usually utilizing PI controllers, are widely used for electrical drives to meet high‐quality requirements. The present paper introduces design guidelines via pole placement for achieving control gains both in continuous and discrete time preserving the original cascade control structure with the initially applied controllers. This paper also presents an additional prefilter design to eliminate the undesirable effect of the reference integrals. The paper presents closed‐form expressions for the control gains as the function of desired damping ratios, the natural angular frequency of the control loop, and machine parameters to achieve the desired system dynamics. The proposed design methodology is demonstrated on brushed DC and permanent magnet synchronous machines.
StackGuard+$\text{StackGuard}^+$: Interoperable alternative to canary‐based protection of stack smashing
Authors: Kim Kangmin , Kim Jeong‐Nyeo , Lee Seungkwang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel software‐based approach to enhancing stack smashing protection in C/C++ applications, specifically targeting return‐oriented programming attacks, which remain a significant threat to firmware and software security. Traditional canary‐based protections are vulnerable to brute‐force and format string attacks. Additionally, many stack protection mechanisms require access to the source code or recompilation, complicating the security of existing binaries. This paper proposes a new method, aptly named , that modifies the canary‐based protection mechanism by altering the code responsible for canary insertion and verification. This change ensures the integrity of the return address while maintaining the original code size, allowing for seamless interoperability without the need for recompilation or additional hardware. The approach can be automated using a Python script, which modifies existing canary‐based binaries with only 26 bytes of machine code on the 86‐64 platform. Moreover, this approach can be easily adapted to other platforms, including 86 and ARM64.
Wideband beam domain sparse Bayesian learning passive focusing localisation algorithm
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Hong , Ma Qiming , Du Shuanping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo address the challenges of large‐aperture sonar systems passive localisation, this paper proposes the application of sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) for passive target localisation in the wideband beam domain. The proposed algorithm aims to overcome the issues of massive computational requirements for two‐dimensional SBL scanning and increased localisation errors due to interference energy leakage. The wideband beam domain SBL focusing localisation algorithm is developed by constructing an azimuth‐range two‐dimensional transformation matrix to preprocess array data, which effectively reduces the computational load of SBL processing while suppressing strong interference energy leakage in passive sonar operating environments, thus improving the range resolution and parameter estimation accuracy of focusing localisation. Simulation and sea trial data analyses demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm, with results indicating its superior performance compared to existing algorithms.
Comprehensive transcriptome and scRNA‐seq analyses uncover the expression and underlying mechanism of SYNJ2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yuan‐Ping , Huang Zhi‐Guang , Luo Jia‐Yuan , He Juan , Shi Lin , Chen Gang , Chen Si‐Yuan , Deng Yu‐Wen , Yang Yi‐Jia , Tang Yi‐Jun , Pang Yu‐Yan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSynaptojanin 2 (SYNJ2) has crucial role in various tumors, but its role in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains unexplored. This study first detected SYNJ2 protein expression in PTC using immunohistochemistry method and further assessed SYNJ2 mRNA expression through mRNA chip and RNA sequencing data and its association with clinical characteristics. Additionally, KEGG, GSVA, and GSEA analyses were conducted to investigate potential biological functions, while single‐cell RNA sequencing data were used to explore SYNJ2's underlying mechanisms in PTC. Meanwhile, immune infiltration status in different SYNJ2 expression groups were analyzed. Besides, we investigated the immune checkpoint gene expression and implemented drug sensitivity analysis. Results indicated that SYNJ2 is highly expressed in PTC (SMD = 0.66 [95% CI: 0.17–1.15]) and could distinguish between PTC and non‐PTC tissues (AUC = 0.74 [0.70–0.78]). Furthermore, the study identified 134 intersecting genes of DEGs and CEGs, mainly enriched in the angiogenesis and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways. Subsequent analysis showed the above pathways were activated in PTC epithelial cells. PTC patients with high SYNJ2 expression showed higher sensitivity to the six common drugs. Summarily, SYNJ2 may promote PTC progression through angiogenesis and EMT pathways. High SYNJ2 expression is associated with better response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
UV-Schutz bei sportlicher Aktivität im Freien
Authors: Fieber Vera , Weigmann-Faßbender Sandra , Stölzel Friederike , Breitbart Eckhard W. , Hofbauer Christine , Beck Heidrun , Bornhäuser Martin , Knauthe Nadja 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Frühjahr und Sommer verlagern viele Menschen das Training nach draußen.
Frische Luft stärkt das Immunsystem, Sonnenstrahlen spenden Wärme und
Lebenskraft. Die UV-Strahlung der Sonne schädigt jedoch auch das Erbgut der
Hautzellen und kann so Sonnenbrand verursachen. Durch die Schädigung des Erbguts
steigt außerdem das Hautkrebsrisiko. Klimawandelbedingt wird die Bedeutung der
Prävention von Hautkrebs in den kommenden Jahren noch weiter zunehmen. Bei
körperlicher Aktivität im Freien ist deshalb der richtige UV-Schutz wichtig –
beim Sportunterricht ebenso wie im Breiten- und Leistungssport oder bei
bewegungstherapeutischen Interventionen. Die Mittagsstunden im Schatten
verbringen, schützende Kleidung sowie Sonnenbrille und Kopfbedeckung tragen und
Sonnenschutzmittel verwenden – diese Maßnahmen werden bereits ab einem mittleren
UV-Index von 3 bis 5 empfohlen. In Deutschland sind diese Maßnahmen regelmäßig
von April bis September notwendig. Eine vollständige Vermeidung der UV-Strahlung
ist nicht möglich und aufgrund der gesundheitsfördernden Wirkung bei einer
angemessenen Dosis auch nicht wünschenswert. Um das Risiko von zu viel
UV-Strahlung zu reduzieren, können Sportlehrer*innen, -therapeut*innen,
-mediziner*innen und Trainer*innen für das Thema UV-Schutz sensibilisieren sowie
für sich und Sporttreibende schützende Trainings- und Wettkampfbedingungen
schaffen. Für die Praxis gibt es im Rahmen der Kampagne CLEVER IN SONNE UND
SCHATTEN für Sportvereine und Sportbetonte Schulen die kostenfreien Materialien
der „Clever in Sonne und Schatten“-Programme des Nationalen Centrums für
Tumorerkrankungen Dresden (NCT/UCC) und der Deutschen Krebshilfe. Empfehlungen
zum UV-Schutz speziell für Patient*innen mit einer onkologischen Erkrankung
finden sich im kostenfreien Material „Aktiv leben mit Krebs“. Um auch die
individuelle Beratung von Sporttreibenden zum UV-Schutz und zur Prävention von
Hautkrebs zu fördern, planen die Autor*innen die Entwicklung von Materialien für
eine UV-Schutz-Beratung im Rahmen von Sportgesundheitsuntersuchungen.
Hämaturie
Authors: Liebmann Nora , Dittrich Katalin 
Published: October 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBlut im Urin ist sowohl für unsere kleinen Patient:innen als auch deren Eltern häufig besorgniserregend. Meist verbirgt sich hinter einer Hämaturie jedoch eine harmlose und leicht zu behandelnde Erkrankung. Für Kinderärzt:innen besteht die Herausforderung darin, diejenigen Patient:innen zu identifizieren, die einer sofortigen Intervention unterzogen werden müssen. Dieser Artikel soll eine Übersicht über die vielfältigen Hämaturieursachen geben und Möglichkeiten aufzeigen, wesentliche Differenzialdiagnosen mittels klinischer Untersuchung, Urindiagnostik und Sonografie voneinander abzugrenzen. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels soll das klinische Vorgehen exemplarisch dargestellt werden.
Proteinurie in der Pädiatrie – Diagnostik und Therapieoptionen
Authors: Marczak Emilia , Hempel Olga , Ziegelasch Niels , Dittrich Katalin 
Published: October 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGProteinurie ist einer der häufigen Befunde bei pädiatrischen Patienten. Vielfach handelt es sich um einen vorübergehenden, harmlosen Zustand, der durch Fieber oder körperliche Anstrengung verursacht wird. Eine anhaltende oder ausgeprägte Proteinurie muss jedoch zügig weiter abgeklärt werden, da dies ein frühes Anzeichen einer relevanten Nierenschädigung sein kann. Zudem wird die Proteinurie als Progressionsfaktor und starker Prädiktor für das Fortschreiten von Nierenerkrankungen gewertet. Bereits die chronische Ausscheidung geringer Proteinmengen ist nachweislich mit einem erhöhten Risiko für terminales Nierenversagen verbunden. Erfreulicherweise kann das Ausmaß der glomerulären Proteinurie – unabhängig von ihrer Genese – medikamentös beeinflusst werden. Studien haben bestätigt, dass sogar bei genetisch bedingten Nierenerkrankungen mit Proteinurie der Verlust der Nierenfunktion allein durch Reduktion der Proteinausscheidung signifikant verlangsamt werden kann. Daher ist die frühe Identifizierung von Patienten mit Proteinurie bereits im Kindesalter von großer Relevanz.
Pd/IHept-Catalyzed Regioselective Annulation of 2-Fluoroallyl Carbonates with Enaminones: Synthesis of Fully Substituted Pyrroles
Authors: Lv Leiyang , Li Zhiping , Qian Huijun , Liu Wenhao , Su Junqi , Shi Zhengjun , Hu Meng-Yang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Pd/IHept-catalyzed regioselective annulation of 2-fluoroallyl carbonates with enaminones has been developed. This method allows the efficient synthesis of a variety of fully substituted pyrroles with high regioselectivity. Experimental data demonstrate that the fluorinated alkene intermediate is initially formed, which then undergoes C–F cleavage/annulation to give the pyrrole products. Furthermore, it is evident that both the substitution and annulation steps necessitate the participation of the Pd/IHept catalyst.
Safety Clearance and Artifact Testing of a Nitinol Breast Biopsy Clip in an Ultra-High Resolution (7 Tesla) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Environment
Authors: Dong William , Ramchandran Kanchna , Galloy Adam E. , Nino Marco A. , Kleingartner Marla , Piaszynski John , Raghavan Madhavan L. , Phadke Sneha , Magnotta Vincent A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background The lack of safety clearance of several metallic breast biopsy clips in 7 Tesla (T) poses a significant hurdle to using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in clinical management or cancer research.
Aims This article assesses the Ultracor Twirl clip for safety and imaging artifacts in a 7T MRI scanner.
Setting and Design This study can be categorized as a phantom study.
Materials and Methods Tests for magnetic susceptibility (translational attraction and torque), MRI-related heating, and artifacts were conducted based on the American Society for Testing and Materials standards. The magnetic susceptibility tests evaluated the scanner's magnetic force that can cause clip movement and rotation. The heating test was conducted with customized MRI parameters of short TR and maximum echo-train length, designed to induce temperature change. The artifact test, using T1-weighted spin and gradient echo imaging sequences, evaluated potential image misrepresentations (localized signal loss) caused by the clip's metallic properties.
Statistical Tests None.
Results and Conclusion The magnetic susceptibility tests indicated no noticeable translational or rotational force exerted by the MRI scanner. The heating test indicated no significant temperature change (<0.3°C) in the testing gel when the clip was absent/present, both within the safety threshold (<1°C). The artifact test's clip images all contained an artifact (largest radius = 10.7 mm). These cumulative results indicate that this clip is safe in 7T scanners. Scanning at least 10.7 mm away from the clip avoids potential signal loss in the region of interest.
Intravenous Direct Thrombin Inhibitors for Acute Venous Thromboembolism or Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia with Thrombosis in Children: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Kiskaddon Amy L. , Branstetter Josh , Williams Pam , Ignjatovic Vera , Memken Amanda , Wilhoit Kristopher , Goldenberg Neil A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntravenous direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) are used for thromboembolic disorders. This systematic review aims to characterize intravenous DTI agents, dosing, monitoring strategies (or use), bleeding, and mortality, in pediatric patients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT). MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane's CENTRAL were searched from inception through July 2023. Case series, retrospective studies, and prospective studies providing per-patient or summary data for patients < 18 years of age with VTE or HITT treated with an intravenous DTI were included. Selection and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. Sixteen studies (7 case reports, 1 case series, 5 retrospective studies, 3 prospective studies) with 85 patients were included. Target conditions included acute VTE in 54 (64%) and HITT in 31 (36%) patients. Bivalirudin, argatroban, and lepirudin were used in 52 (61%), 27 (32%), and 6 (7%) patients, respectively. Fifty-two (61%) patients received a bolus dose, and weighted mean infusion rates for bivalirudin, argatroban, and lepirudin were 0.2 mg/kg/hr, 1.2 mcg/kg/min, and 0.15 mg/kg/hr, respectively. The activated partial thromboplastin time was utilized for monitoring in 82 (96%) patients. Complete or partial thrombus resolution was reported in 53 (62%) patients, mortality in 6 (7%) patients, and bleeding complications in 14 (16%) patients. In this systematic review involving 85 pediatric patients treated with an intravenous DTI for acute VTE or HITT, bivalirudin was the most commonly utilized agent, with a rate of resolution over 60% despite a high acuity in the population studied. Prospective collaborative studies are warranted to establish optimal dosing and further characterize VTE and bleeding outcomes.
Acute Kidney Injury after Isolated Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Slaughter John C. , Davenport Daniel L. , Saha Sibu P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is among the most serious of the common postoperative complications of cardiac surgeries, which can increase the short- and long-term morbidity and mortality of patients. This study aimed to examine possible risk factors that lead to AKI. We sought to compare our AKI rates to national averages in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) reported by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). We reviewed our institution's data for renal failure in CABG procedures performed between January 1, 2020, and June 30, 2023. From the database, we identified 1,068 CABG patients and reviewed demographics, nonmodifiable conditions, and modifiable risk factors. The STS database uses the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage renal disease definition for renal failure. Of our patient sample, 14 (1.3%) experienced renal failure. The national rate for AKI after isolated CABG was 1.9% in 2023. Chronic lung disease was a risk factor for AKI development. The mean perfusion, cross-clamp, ventilator times, and hospital stay increased in AKI patients. All patients who suffered from AKI had undergone perioperative blood transfusion. Our single-center experience with renal failure is slightly better than the national average. In our population, chronic lung disease and lower preoperative ejection fractions were associated with increased rates of AKI. Modifiable risk factors in our population included perioperative blood transfusion and increased perfusion/cross-clamp times. Lastly, AKI patients spent longer time on ventilators, increased lengths of stay, and increased postoperative mortality.
Unusual Variations and Atypical Presentations of Diverticulitis
Authors: Kling Sarah , Kripalani Simran , Vu Joceline V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, we describe four unusual variations of diverticulitis: nonsigmoid colonic diverticulitis, giant colonic diverticulum, segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis, and small bowel diverticulitis. We discuss the epidemiology, presentation, and treatment of these types and how they differ from the presentation of typical sigmoid diverticulitis. We also review unusual presentations of typical sigmoid diverticulitis, including hematogenous liver abscess, necrotizing soft-tissue infection, and genitourinary fistula. Diverticulitis is a heterogeneous disease, and understanding the range of its presentations will facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.
A Case of the Uncommon Cause of Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Coronary Fistula and Coronary Stenosis, Which One to Intervene?
Authors: Sinurat Markz R.M.P. , Taofan Taofan , Tobing Daniel P.L. , Atmadikoesoemah Celly A. , Sinurat Sandi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe report a case of chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) that had two completely distinct mechanisms in one patient. We applied comprehensive diagnostic tools using noninvasive and invasive physiology and imaging tests before, during, and after the intervention procedure to evaluate the outcome. The patient had previously visited many physicians and was diagnosed with noncardiac chest pain. He was referred to our department due to the increased frequency and intensity of angina pectoris. After a careful diagnosis, we found a nonsignificant stenosis (50%) in the mid-left anterior descending (mid-LAD) artery and an unexpectedly high-flow coronary artery fistula from the LAD to the main pulmonary artery (MPA). We tried a combination therapy with escalation of the anti-ischemic therapy but failed. He was rehospitalized with unstable angina pectoris. After a comprehensive physiology and imaging test, our team decided to perform fistula embolization with detachable coils and defer stenting in the mid-LAD artery. After the intervention procedure, his angina subsided, and his exercise capacity was remarkably improved. Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) evaluation in 3 months revealed all coils in situ and improved cardiac function. We postulate that comprehensive diagnostic tools are required to select appropriate management and prevent unnecessary procedures.