bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unacylated ghrelin promotes adipogenesis in rodent bone marrow via ghrelin O-acyl transferase and GHS-R1a activity: evidence for target cell-induced acylation
Authors: Hopkins Anna L. , Nelson Timothy A. S. , Guschina Irina A. , Parsons Lydia C. , Lewis Charlotte L. , Brown Richard C. , Christian Helen C. , Davies Jeffrey S. , Wells Timothy 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDespite being unable to activate the cognate ghrelin receptor (GHS-R), unacylated ghrelin (UAG) possesses a unique activity spectrum that includes promoting bone marrow adipogenesis. Since a receptor mediating this action has not been identified, we re-appraised the potential interaction of UAG with GHS-R in the regulation of bone marrow adiposity. Surprisingly, the adipogenic effects of intra-bone marrow (ibm)-infused acylated ghrelin (AG) and UAG were abolished in male GHS-R-null mice. Gas chromatography showed that isolated tibial marrow adipocytes contain the medium-chain fatty acids utilised in the acylation of UAG, including octanoic acid. Additionally, immunohistochemistry and immunogold electron microscopy revealed that tibial marrow adipocytes show prominent expression of the UAG-activating enzyme ghrelin O-acyl transferase (GOAT), which is located in the membranes of lipid trafficking vesicles and in the plasma membrane. Finally, the adipogenic effect of ibm-infused UAG was completely abolished in GOAT-KO mice. Thus, the adipogenic action of exogenous UAG in tibial marrow is dependent upon acylation by GOAT and activation of GHS-R. This suggests that UAG is subject to target cell-mediated activation – a novel mechanism for manipulating hormone activity.
The combined effects of sampling parameters on the sorbent tube sampling of phthalates in air
Authors: Jo Sang-Hee , Kim Ki-Hyun , Kwon Kyenghee 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe adsorption properties of various sorbent materials were investigated to assess the factors affecting biases in the sorbent tube (ST) sampling of airborne phthalates. The recovery of phthalates was assessed critically in relation to four key sampling parameters: (1) three types of sorbent materials (quartz wool (QW), glass wool (GW), and quartz wool plus Tenax TA (QWTN)), (2) the concentration level of phthalate standards, (3) purge flow rate, and (4) purge volume for analysis based on a ‘sorbent tube-thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (ST-TD-GC-MS)’ system. Among these parameters, the type of ST was the most influential in determining the recovery of phthalates. For a given ST type, the recovery of phthalates tends to improve with increases in the concentration level of standards. In case of QW and QWTN tubes, the breakthrough of phthalates was not observed up to the maximum purge volume (100 L) tested in this work; however, in case of GW, the recovery decreased drastically to 60% even at a purge volume of 1 L for low molecular weight phthalates. The results of our study demonstrate that accurate analysis of airborne phthalates can be achieved through proper control of key sampling parameters, particularly the choice of sorbent material.
Ash aggregation enhanced by deposition and redistribution of salt on the surface of volcanic ash in eruption plumes
Authors: Mueller Sebastian B. , Ayris Paul M. , Wadsworth Fabian B. , Kueppers Ulrich , Casas Ana S. , Delmelle Pierre , Taddeucci Jacopo , Jacob Michael , Dingwell Donald B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInteractions with volcanic gases in eruption plumes produce soluble salt deposits on the surface of volcanic ash. While it has been postulated that saturation-driven precipitation of salts following the dissolution of ash surfaces by condensed acidic liquids is a primary mechanism of salt formation during an eruption, it is only recently that this mechanism has been subjected to detailed study. Here we spray water and HCl droplets into a suspension of salt-doped synthetic glass or volcanic ash particles, and produce aggregates. Deposition of acidic liquid droplets on ash particles promotes dissolution of existing salts and leaches cations from the underlying material surface. The flow of liquid, due to capillary forces, will be directed to particle-particle contact points where subsequent precipitation of salts will cement the aggregate. Our data suggest that volcanically-relevant loads of surface salts can be produced by acid condensation in eruptive settings. Several minor and trace elements mobilised by surface dissolution are biologically relevant; geographic areas with aggregation-mediated ash fallout could be “hotspots” for the post-deposition release of these elements. The role of liquids in re-distributing surface salts and cementing ash aggregates also offers further insight into the mechanisms which preserve well-structured aggregates in some ash deposits.
Sequence analysis of pooled bacterial samples enables identification of strain variation in group A streptococcus
Authors: Weldatsadik Rigbe G. , Wang Jingwen , Puhakainen Kai , Jiao Hong , Jalava Jari , Räisänen Kati , Datta Neeta , Skoog Tiina , Vuopio Jaana , Jokiranta T. Sakari , Kere Juha 
Published: March 2017

AbstractKnowledge of the genomic variation among different strains of a pathogenic microbial species can help in selecting optimal candidates for diagnostic assays and vaccine development. Pooled sequencing (Pool-seq) is a cost effective approach for population level genetic studies that require large numbers of samples such as various strains of a microbe. To test the use of Pool-seq in identifying variation, we pooled DNA of 100 Streptococcus pyogenes strains of different emm types in two pools, each containing 50 strains. We used four variant calling tools (Freebayes, UnifiedGenotyper, SNVer, and SAMtools) and one emm1 strain, SF370, as a reference genome. In total 63719 SNPs and 164 INDELs were identified in the two pools concordantly by at least two of the tools. Majority of the variants (93.4%) from six individually sequenced strains used in the pools could be identified from the two pools and 72.3% and 97.4% of the variants in the pools could be mined from the analysis of the 44 complete Str. pyogenes genomes and 3407 sequence runs deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive respectively. We conclude that DNA sequencing of pooled samples of large numbers of bacterial strains is a robust, rapid and cost-efficient way to discover sequence variation.
Synthesis of Sr2Si5N8:Ce3+ phosphors for white LEDs via efficient chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Yang Che-Yuan , Som Sudipta , Das Subrata , Lu Chung-Hsin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNovel chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process was successfully developed for the growth of Sr2Si5N8:Ce3+ phosphors with elevated luminescent properties. Metallic strontium was used as a vapor source for producing Sr3N2 vapor to react with Si3N4 powder via a homogeneous gas-solid reaction. The phosphors prepared via the CVD process showed high crystallinity, homogeneous particle size ranging from 8 to 10 μm, and high luminescence properties. In contrast, the phosphors prepared via the conventional solid-state reaction process exhibited relative low crystallinity, non-uniform particle size in the range of 0.5–5 μm and relatively lower luminescent properties than the phosphors synthesized via the CVD process. Upon the blue light excitation, Sr2−xCexSi5N8 phosphors exhibited a broad yellow band. A red shift of the emission band from 535 to 556 nm was observed with the increment in the doping amount of Ce3+ ions from x = 0.02 to x = 0.10. The maximum emission was observed at x = 0.06, and the external and internal quantum efficiencies were calculated to be 51% and 71%, respectively. Furthermore, the CVD derived optimum Sr1.94Ce0.06Si5N8 phosphor exhibited sufficient thermal stability for blue-LEDs and the activation energy was calculated to be 0.33 eV. The results demonstrate a potential synthesis process for nitride phosphors suitable for light emitting diodes.
Magnetic control of Goos-Hänchen shifts in a yttrium-iron-garnet film
Authors: Yu Wenjing , Sun Hua , Gao Lei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe investigate the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifts reflected and transmitted by a yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) film for both normal and oblique incidence. It is found that the nonreciprocity effect of the MO material does not only result in a nonvanishing reflected shift at normal incidence, but also leads to a slab-thickness-independent term which breaks the symmetry between the reflected and transmitted shifts at oblique incidence. The asymptotic behaviors of the normal-incidence reflected shift are obtained in the vicinity of two characteristic frequencies corresponding to a minimum reflectivity and a total reflection, respectively. Moreover, the coexistence of two types of negative-reflected-shift (NRS) at oblique incidence is discussed. We show that the reversal of the shifts from positive to negative values can be realized by tuning the magnitude of applied magnetic field, the frequency of incident wave and the slab thickness as well as the incident angle. In addition, we further investigate two special cases for practical purposes: the reflected shift with a total reflection and the transmitted shift with a total transmission. Numerical simulations are also performed to verify our analytical results.
Corticosterone activity during early weaning reprograms molecular markers in rat gastric secretory cells
Authors: Zulian Juliana Guimarães , Hosoya Larissa Yukari Massarenti , Figueiredo Priscila Moreira , Ogias Daniela , Osaki Luciana Harumi , Gama Patricia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGastric epithelial cells differentiate throughout the third postnatal week in rats, and become completely functional by weaning time. When suckling is interrupted by early weaning (EW), cell proliferation and differentiation change in the gastric mucosa, and regulatory mechanisms might involve corticosterone activity. Here we used EW and RU486 (glucocorticoid receptor antagonist) to investigate the roles of corticosterone on differentiation of mucous neck (MNC) and zymogenic cells (ZC) in rats, and to evaluate whether effects persisted in young adults. MNC give rise to ZC, and mucin 6, Mist1, pepsinogen a5 and pepsinogen C are produced to characterize these cells. We found that in pups, EW augmented the expression of mucins, Mist1 and pepsinogen C at mRNA and protein levels, and it changed the number of MNC and ZC. Corticosterone regulated pepsinogen C expression, and MNC and ZC distributions. Further, the changes on MNC population and pepsinogen C were maintained until early- adult life. Therefore, by using EW as a model for altered corticosterone activity in rats, we demonstrated that the differentiation of secretory epithelial cells is sensitive to the type of nutrient in the lumen. Moreover, this environmental perception activates corticosterone to change maturation and reprogram cellular functions in adulthood.
The identification of prototypical argumentative patterns in the justification of judicial decisions
Authors: Feteris Eveline T. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this contribution I identify prototypical patterns in the justification of judicial decisions. From a pragma-dialectical perspective, I explain the nature and rationale for the argumentative patterns from the perspective of the institutional function of legal justification and I distinguish different argumentative patterns in clear cases and hard cases in the justification of judicial decisions.
Argumentative patterns using symptomatic argumentation in OTC-medicine advertisements
Authors: Snoeck Henkemans A. Francisca 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the analysis given inSnoeck Henkemans (2016)of argumentative patterns in over-the-counter medicine advertisements is extended by providing more insight into the argumentative patterns resulting from the support of two types of claims: the claim that the medicinal product is safe and the claim that there is no better alternative for the product. It is first established which types of argument are prototypically used to support these claims. Then it is investigated what kind of extensions might result from arguers’ attempts to further support those arguments. Finally, it is explained how the argumentative patterns revolving around the ‘safety’ and ‘no better alternative’ claims can be seen as the result of advertisers’ strategic choices in selecting and presenting their arguments within the institutional constraints applying to the activity type of over-the-counter advertisements.
Gray Triggerfish Reproductive Biology, Age, and Growth off the Atlantic Coast of the Southeastern USA
Authors: Kelly‐Stormer Amanda , Shervette Virginia , Kolmos Kevin , Wyanski David , Smart Tracey , McDonough Chris , Reichert Marcel J. M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Gray Triggerfish Balistes capriscus supports fisheries on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. We utilized fishery‐independent samples to assess the age structure, growth, sex ratio, size and age at maturity, spawning season, and spawning frequency of the Gray Triggerfish population off the southeastern U.S. Atlantic coast. From 1991 to 2012, 7,685 samples were collected, ranging in FL from 82 to 578 mm and ranging in age from 0 to 13 years. Our study provides key life history information for an exploited population and is the first to comprehensively describe age, growth, and reproduction for a Balistes species. We documented that the Gray Triggerfish is sexually dimorphic, with adult males attaining larger sizes at age and a larger maximum size than females. Sex‐specific growth curves were fitted, yielding the following von Bertalanffy equations: FLt = 419[1 – e–0.54(t + 0.61)] for males and FLt = 352[1 – e–0.94(t + 0.22)] for females. This species is characterized by a medium size at maturity (the smallest mature female was 179 mm FL; the smallest mature male was 183 mm FL) and relatively early age at maturity (the youngest mature female and male were age 0). Some shifts in population attributes coincided with a period of increased fishing pressure. Due to tighter regulations on snapper and grouper fisheries, the Gray Triggerfish has become a more targeted species. Fisheries biologists and managers should continue to evaluate potential impacts and establish management regulations that consider the region‐specific reproductive season, size and age at maturity, and sex‐specific differences in growth documented in this study.Received April 20, 2016; accepted January 9, 2017 Published online March 30, 2017
The Impact of Different Hatchery Rearing Environments on Smolt‐to‐Adult Survival of Spring Chinook Salmon
Authors: Beckman Brian R. , Harstad Deborah L. , Spangenberg Dina K. , Gerstenberger Ryan S. , Brun Chris V. , Larsen Donald A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of differing hatchery rearing environments on smolting, early male maturation, and smolt‐to‐adult return rates (SARs) in Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. In this investigation, SARs were compared for spring Chinook Salmon from Hood River stock reared at three different hatcheries and then released into the Hood River, replicated over three separate years (2010–2012). Differences in SARs were found both between rearing groups and release years. Smolts reared at Pelton Ladder had consistently higher SARs than those reared at either Parkdale or Carson hatcheries. Smolt length at release was positively correlated to SARs across years and rearing groups. In addition, multiple regression models suggested that attributes related to smolt quality were positively related to SARs while the minijack rate was negatively related to SAR. Migration of smolts downstream after release was also assessed. Larger smolts were faster downstream migrants and migration rate was positively related to subsequent SAR. Differences in smolt quality and SAR between rearing groups is attributed to differing patterns of growth in the different hatchery environments. The best‐performing smolts came from rearing groups that experienced a strong seasonal change in growth rate: relatively high growth in the summer, reduced growth and depletion of energetic stores in the autumn and winter, and then increased growth again in the spring. This pattern of seasonal anabolic and catabolic changes has been termed the wild fish template, and generating this physiological pattern generally may be applicable to hatchery‐reared Chinook Salmon.Received August 3, 2016; accepted December 20, 2016 Published online March 30, 2017
Kart: a divide-and-conquer algorithm for NGS read alignment
Authors: Lin Hsin-Nan , Hsu Wen-Lian 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides a great opportunity to investigate genome-wide variation at nucleotide resolution. Due to the huge amount of data, NGS applications require very fast and accurate alignment algorithms. Most existing algorithms for read mapping basically adopt seed-and-extend strategy, which is sequential in nature and takes much longer time on longer reads.

Results
We develop a divide-and-conquer algorithm, called Kart, which can process long reads as fast as short reads by dividing a read into small fragments that can be aligned independently. Our experiment result indicates that the average size of fragments requiring the more time-consuming gapped alignment is around 20 bp regardless of the original read length. Furthermore, it can tolerate much higher error rates. The experiments show that Kart spends much less time on longer reads than other aligners and still produce reliable alignments even when the error rate is as high as 15%.

Availability and Implementation
Kart is available at https://github.com/hsinnan75/Kart/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Information technology to support patient engagement: where do we stand and where can we go?
Authors: Walker Daniel M , Sieck Cynthia J , Menser Terri , Huerta Timothy R , Scheck McAlearney Ann 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objective
Given the strong push to empower patients and make them partners in their health care, we evaluated the current capability of hospitals to offer health information technology that facilitates patient engagement (PE).

Materials and Methods
Using an ontology mapping approach, items from the American Hospital Association Information Technology Supplement were mapped to defined levels and categories within the PE Framework. Points were assigned for each health information technology function based upon the level of engagement it encompassed to create a PE-information technology (PE-IT) score. Scores were divided into tertiles, and hospital characteristics were compared across tertiles. An ordered logit model was used to estimate the effect of characteristics on the adjusted odds of being in the highest tertile of PE-IT scores.

Results
Thirty-six functions were mapped to specific levels and categories of the PE Framework, and adoption of each item ranged from 23.5 to 96.7%. Hospital characteristics associated with being in the highest tertile of PE-IT scores included medium and large bed size (relative to small), nonprofit (relative to government nonfederal), teaching hospital, system member, Midwest and South regions, and urban location.

Discussion
Hospital adoption of PE-oriented technology remains varied, suggesting that hospitals are considering how technology can create partnerships with patients. However, PE functionalities that facilitate higher levels of engagement are lacking, suggesting room for improvement.

Conclusion
While hospitals have reached modest levels of adoption of PE technologies, consistent monitoring of this capacity can identify opportunities to use technology to facilitate engagement.
The binarity of Galactic dwarf stars along with effective temperature and metallicity
Authors: Gao Shuang , Zhao He , Yang Hang , Gao Ran 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The fraction of binary stars fb is one of most valuable tools to probe the star formation and evolution of multiple systems in the Galaxy. We focus on the relationship between fb and stellar metallicity [Fe/H] by employing the differential radial velocity (DRV) method and the large sample observed by the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). Main-sequence stars from A- to K-type in the third data release of LAMOST are selected to estimate fb. Contributions to a profile of DRV from the radial velocity (RV) error of single stars σRV and the orbital motion of binary stars are evaluated from the DRV profile. We employ 365 911 stars with randomly repeating spectral observations to present a detailed analysis of fb and σRV in the two-dimensional space of Teff and [Fe/H]. The A-type stars are more likely to be companions in binary star systems than other stars. Furthermore, the reverse correlation between fb and [Fe/H] can be shown statistically, which suggests that fb is a joint function of Teff and [Fe/H]. At the same time, σRV of the sample are fitted for different Teff and [Fe/H]. Metal-rich cold stars in our sample have the best RV measurement.
THE RECOGNITION OF CAVITARY RETINOBLASTOMA TUMORS
Authors: Chaudhry Shabana , Onadim Zerrin , Sagoo Mandeep S. , Reddy M. Ashwin 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
To assess the role of consolidating adjuvant therapy for cavitary retinoblastoma and to understand if there is any phenotype–genotype correlation.

Methods:
Patients with retinoblastomas having ophthalmoscopically visible cavities between 2004 and 2014 in whom 4 to 6 cycles of systemic chemotherapy were given.

Results:
Eighteen eyes of 17 patients displayed cavitary retinoblastomas. This represented 6.8% of 250 patients. Mean age at diagnosis was 13 months; 5 unilateral (29%) and 12 bilateral (71%). The mean (median, range) number of retinoblastoma tumors per eye was 2 (2; 1–6). The number of cavities per tumor was 3 (2, 1–6). Intratumoral cavities were seen in the superficial portion of the tumor in 10 eyes (55%). The cavities became visible in eight eyes (44%) and collapsed in eight eyes (44%). Two eyes required enucleation because of relapse in noncavitary tumors. Germline mutations were detected in 14 patients (82%) of whom four demonstrated mosaicism (29%); only one had a low penetrant mutation. The mean follow-up period was 40 (35, 6–120) months.

Conclusion:
Cavitary retinoblastomas can be detected after systemic chemotherapy with cavities becoming visible after mean two cycles of chemotherapy (secondary cavitary retinoblastoma). The etiology is uncertain. They remain stable and do not require aggressive adjuvant therapy. There was no evident phenotype–genotype correlation with mosaicism noted in 29%.