bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting 5-Year Risk of RRT in Stage 3 or 4 CKD: Development and External Validation
Authors: Schroeder Emily B. , Yang Xiuhai , Thorp Micah L. , Arnold Brent M. , Tabano David C. , Petrik Amanda F. , Smith David H. , Platt Robert W. , Johnson Eric S. 
Published: December 2016

Background and objectives
Only a minority of patients with CKD progress to renal failure. Despite the potential benefits of risk stratification in the CKD population, risk prediction models are not routinely used. Our objective was to develop and externally validate a clinically useful and pragmatic prediction model for the 5-year risk of progression to RRT in stage 3 or 4 CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We used a retrospective cohort design. The development cohort consisted of 22,460 Kaiser Permanente Northwest members with stage 3 or 4 CKD (baseline 2002–2008). The validation cohort consisted of 16,553 Kaiser Permanente Colorado members with stage 3–4 CKD (baseline 2006–2008). The final model included eight predictors: age, sex, eGFR, hemoglobin, proteinuria/albuminuria, systolic BP, antihypertensive medication use, and diabetes and its complications.

Results
In the Northwest and Colorado cohorts, there were 737 and 360 events, and observed 5-year Kaplan–Meier risks of 4.72% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 4.38 to 5.06) and 2.57% (95% CI, 2.30 to 2.83), respectively. Our prediction model performed extremely well in the development cohort, with a c-statistic of 0.96, an R2 of 79.7%, and good calibration. We had similarly good performance in the external validation cohort, with a c-statistic of 0.95, R2 of 81.2%, and good calibration. In the external validation cohort, the observed risk was slightly lower than the predicted risk in the highest-risk quintile. Using the top quintile of predicted risk as a cutpoint gave a sensitivity of 92.2%.

Conclusions
We developed a pragmatic prediction model and risk score for predicting the 5-year RRT risk in stage 3 and 4 CKD. This model uses variables that are typically available in routine primary care settings, and can be used to help guide important decisions such as timing of referral to nephrology and fistula placement.
Biomechanics of an orthosis-managed cranial cruciate ligament-deficient canine stifle joint predicted by use of a computer model
Authors: Bertocci Gina E. , Brown Nathan P. , Mich Patrice M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of an orthosis on biomechanics of a cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient canine stifle joint by use of a 3-D quasistatic rigid-body pelvic limb computer model simulating the stance phase of gait and to investigate influences of orthosis hinge stiffness (durometer).
SAMPLE A previously developed computer simulation model for a healthy 33-kg 5-year-old neutered Golden Retriever.
PROCEDURES A custom stifle joint orthosis was implemented in the CrCL-deficient pelvic limb computer simulation model. Ligament loads, relative tibial translation, and relative tibial rotation in the orthosis-stabilized stifle joint (baseline scenario; high-durometer hinge]) were determined and compared with values for CrCL-intact and CrCL-deficient stifle joints. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of orthosis hinge stiffness on model outcome measures.
RESULTS The orthosis decreased loads placed on the caudal cruciate and lateral collateral ligaments and increased load placed on the medial collateral ligament, compared with loads for the CrCL-intact stifle joint. Ligament loads were decreased in the orthosis-managed CrCL-deficient stifle joint, compared with loads for the CrCL-deficient stifle joint. Relative tibial translation and rotation decreased but were not eliminated after orthosis management. Increased orthosis hinge stiffness reduced tibial translation and rotation, whereas decreased hinge stiffness increased internal tibial rotation, compared with values for the baseline scenario.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Stifle joint biomechanics were improved following orthosis implementation, compared with biomechanics of the CrCL-deficient stifle joint. Orthosis hinge stiffness influenced stifle joint biomechanics. An orthosis may be a viable option to stabilize a CrCL-deficient canine stifle joint.
Ability of clinicopathologic variables and clinical examination findings to predict race elimination in endurance horses
Authors: Fielding C. Langdon , Meier Chloe A. , Fellers Greg K. , Magdesian K. Gary 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare results of point-of-care laboratory testing with standard veterinary clinical examination findings at a single time point during endurance competition to identify horses at risk for elimination.
ANIMALS 101 endurance horses participating in the 2013 Western States 160-km (100-mile) endurance ride.
PROCEDURES At the 58-km checkpoint, blood samples were collected from all horses. Samples were analyzed for pH, Pco2, base excess, anion gap, PCV, and whole blood concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, total carbon dioxide, BUN, glucose, and bicarbonate. Corrected electrolyte and PCV values were calculated on the basis of plasma total protein concentration. Immediately following the blood sample collection, each horse underwent a clinical examination. In addition to standard examination variables, an adjusted heart rate was calculated on the basis of the variable interval between entry into the checkpoint and heart rate recording. A combination of stepwise logistic regression, classification and regression tree analysis, and generalized additive models was used to identify variables that were associated with overall elimination or each of 3 other elimination categories (metabolic elimination, lameness elimination, and elimination for other reasons).
RESULTS Corrected whole blood potassium concentration and adjusted heart rate were predictive for overall elimination. Breed, plasma total protein concentration, and attitude were predictive for elimination due to metabolic causes. Whole blood chloride concentration and corrected PCV were predictive for elimination due to lameness. Corrected PCV was predictive for elimination due to other causes.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that for horses in endurance competition, a combination of breed and clinical examination and laboratory variables provided the best prediction of overall elimination.
Expanded endonasal endoscopic resection of anterior fossa meningiomas: report of 13 cases and meta-analysis of the literature
Authors: Van Gompel Jamie J. , Frank Giorgio , Pasquini Ernesto , Zoli Matteo , Hoover Jason , Lanzino Giuseppe 
Published: December 2016

Object
Transnasal endoscopic (TNE) approaches have been proposed for the resection of anterior cranial base meningiomas. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the results of endoscopic resection of anterior cranial fossa meningiomas by reviewing available published data in addition to the authors' experience with 13 cases.

Methods
The literature was searched via OVID to identify all available disaggregate data pertaining to anterior fossa meningiomas treated primarily by TNE. In addition, the authors reviewed the records of a personal series of 13 patients who underwent TNE removal of parasellar meningiomas through a pure TNE approach.

Results
Meta-analysis from studies included a total of 69 patients with adequate disaggregated data to summarize. Mean age (± SD) at surgery was 53.3 ± 13.0 years (range 27–80 years); 78% of the patients were women. Tumor size was skewed toward smaller lesions, with a mean volume of 24.4 ± 2.9 cm3. Intraoperative impressions were of gross-total resection in 76% of cases. The most common complication reported was CSF leakage, occurring in 32% of the cases (22 of 69). The rate of CSF leakage was not affected by size (p = 0.52), location of tumor (p = 0.9), or age (p = 0.56). There was 1 death overall. The mean duration of follow-up was 21 ± 18 months.

Conclusions
Transnasal endoscopic resection of anterior cranial base meningiomas is feasible in selected cases. Reported resection rates are adequate, although the follow-up in the reported series is too short (mean 21 months) to make definitive conclusions regarding the long-term effectiveness. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage is a common complication, although it appears not to be associated with additional morbidity except for the need for reoperation. Long-term results are necessary before considering TNE resection as a valid alternative, in selected cases, to the more established transcranial techniques.
Surgical decision-making strategies in tuberculum sellae meningioma resection
Authors: Bowers Christian A. , Altay Tamer , Couldwell William T. 
Published: December 2016

Object
Although the transcranial route (TCR) has been the traditional approach for removing tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs), the use of the microscopic and/or more recently the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach (ETSA) has gained acceptance for selected cases. In this study, the authors present their experience with the ETSA and the TCR and examine the criteria most important for deciding the optimal approach in a particular case.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed recent cases of TSMs treated surgically by the senior author via either the TCR or the ETSA or both. Demographic information, clinical presentation, and clinical and radiological outcomes of the patients were evaluated.

Results
Twenty-seven patients underwent removal of a TSM during a recent period. Gross-total or near-total resection was achieved in 20 (91%) of 22 patients who underwent resection via the TCR and in 3 (60%) of 5 patients who underwent the ETSA. Among the patients in whom gross- or near-total resection was achieved, recurrence was observed in only 1 patient, whose tumor was removed via the ETSA.

Conclusions
In the majority of patients, the TCR provided complete resection of the tumor without compromising the safety of the procedure. In select cases of tumors with a reasonable size and location (midline and/or extending into the sphenoid sinus) as well as no involvement of inaccessible neurovascular and bony elements via this approach, the ETSA could also be a viable option.
Cyst-ventricle stent as primary or salvage treatment for posterior fossa arachnoid cysts
Authors: Fulkerson Daniel H. , Vogel Todd D. , Baker Abdul A. , Patel Neal B. , Ackerman Laurie L. , Smith Jodi L. , Boaz Joel C. 
Published: December 2016

Object
The optimal treatment of symptomatic posterior fossa arachnoid cysts is controversial. Current options include open or endoscopic resection, fenestration, or cyst-peritoneal shunt placement. There are potential drawbacks with all options. Previous authors have described stenting a cyst into the ventricular system for supratentorial lesions. The current authors have used a similar strategy for posterior fossa cysts.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective review of 79 consecutive patients (1993–2010) with surgically treated intracranial arachnoid cysts.

Results
The authors identified 3 patients who underwent placement of a stent from a posterior fossa arachnoid cyst to a supratentorial ventricle. In 2 patients the stent construct consisted of a catheter placed into a posterior fossa arachnoid cyst and connecting to a lateral ventricle catheter. Both patients underwent stent placement as a salvage procedure after failure of open surgical fenestration. In the third patient a single-catheter cyst-ventricle stent was stereotactically placed. All 3 patients improved clinically. Two patients remained asymptomatic, with radiographic stability in a follow-up period of 1 and 5 years, respectively. The third patient experienced initial symptom resolution with a demonstrable reduction of intracystic pressure. However, he developed recurrent headaches after 2 years.

Conclusions
Posterior fossa cyst–ventricle stenting offers the benefits of ease of surgical technique and a low morbidity rate. It may also potentially reduce the incidence of shunt-related headaches by equalizing the pressure between the posterior fossa and the supratentorial compartments. While fenestration is considered the first-line therapy for most symptomatic arachnoid cysts, the authors consider cyst-ventricle stenting to be a valuable additional strategy in treating these rare and often difficult lesions.
Use of waste plastic aggregation in concrete as a constituent material
Authors: Hossain MB , Bhowmik P , Shaad KM 
Published: December 2016

The amount of Plastics consumed annually has been growing increasingly in Bangladesh. Consequently, waste plastic recycling has become one of the major challenges in recent times. The present study has selected waste PET, a polymer compound of Polyethylene Terephthalate, to investigate its possible use as plastic aggregate in concrete application. The shredded waste plastic was used in concrete with partial replacement of 5%, 10% and 20% by volume of conventional coarse aggregate. Four types of concrete specimens including one without plastic aggregate, for comparison purpose, were prepared. All the concrete specimens were tested for its different mechanical properties after a curing period of 7, 21 and 28 days. Various physical properties of all aggregates and fresh concrete properties were also tested in the laboratory. The specific gravity of waste plastic aggregate was found 1.4 and the maximum density of concrete containing plastic aggregate was 115 lb/ft3. The density of concrete specimens containing plastic aggregate decreased with the addition of more amount of plastic aggregate. It was found that the concrete specimen containing waste PET at 10% volume showed higher compressive strength and higher modulus of elasticity than other specimens. The splitting tensile strength was about 8-11% of compressive strength. The flexural strength of concrete specimens containing plastic aggregate was lower than that of concrete without plastic aggregate. It was found that the strength of concrete containing PET aggregate falls in the category of lightweight concrete in terms of their strength, specific gravity and density. Thus, the waste PET aggregate could be effectively used to reduce the unit weight of concrete which results in a reduction in the dead weight of a structural concrete. Furthermore, it is concluded that the use of waste PET in concrete provides some advantages such as reduction in the use of conventional aggregate, disposal of wastes, prevention of environmental pollution, and energy saving.Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 383-391, 2016
KINEMATICS OF ULTRA-HIGH-VELOCITY GAS IN THE EXPANDING MOLECULAR SHELL ADJACENT TO THE W44 SUPERNOVA REMNANT
Authors: Yamada Masaya , Oka Tomoharu , Takekawa Shunya , Iwata Yuhei , Tsujimoto Shiho , Tokuyama Sekito , Furusawa Maiko , Tanabe Keisuke , Nomura Mariko 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We mapped the ultra-high-velocity feature (the “Bullet”) detected in the expanding molecular shell associated with the W44 supernova remnant using the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m telescope and the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment 10 m telescope. The Bullet clearly appears in the CO J = 1–0, CO J = 3–2, CO J = 4–3, and HCO+
J = 1–0 maps with a compact appearance (0.5 × 0.8 pc2) and an extremely broad-velocity width (ΔV ≃ 100 km s−1). The line intensities indicate that the Bullet has a higher density and temperature than those in the expanding molecular shell. The kinetic energy of the Bullet amounts to 1048.0 erg, which is approximately 1.5 orders of magnitude greater than the kinetic energy shared to the small solid angle of it. Two possible formation scenarios with an inactive isolated black hole are presented.
Le défaut de l’excès, l’excès du défaut
Authors: Obadia Lionel 
Published: December 2016

Cet article entend proposer un bref aperçu de développements significatifs sur le plan théorique et méthodologique, à propos des questions de la « croyance » et du « croire » dans les sciences humaines et sociales. Il met plus particulièrement l’accent sur les conditions et les processus par lesquels le concept de croyance a été remis au goût du jour dans les programmes des sciences sociales, en dépit d’une relative imprécision et d’usages dispersés. L’article interroge au final les raisons du renouveau du concept de croyance, et expose quelques-unes des perspectives les plus importantes sur ce thème.
Les signes qui ne trompent pas
Authors: Klein Boris 
Published: December 2016

Si les réformations protestantes n’ont pas entraîné un « désenchantement du monde », elles ont été à l’origine d’un nouveau discours critique sur l’excès en matière de croyances et de pratiques, appuyé sur la notion de superstition. Débordant du cadre de la théologie, ce discours a profondément affecté les conceptions de la matière et de la Nature, ouvrant de nouveaux débats sur ce qu’il était possible et acceptable de croire, avec des implications profondes pour le domaine des sciences.
Objets incertains et croyances ambiguës
Authors: Balzamo Nicolas 
Published: December 2016

À la question de savoir si les fidèles confondaient les images de culte et les êtres qu’elles représentaient, les théologiens des débuts de l’époque moderne ont généralement répondu par la négative. Le cas des images miraculeuses de la Vierge est une invitation à examiner ce postulat. Les sources montrent en effet, que, pour de nombreux croyants, ces images étaient des êtres à l’ontologie imprécise : sans être réellement la Vierge, elles étaient cependant beaucoup plus que de simples représentations de celle-ci.
Croyances et superstitions en Iran au xvii e siècle
Authors: Chabrier Aurélie 
Published: December 2016

Pour nombre de missionnaires, l’Iran safavide semble offrir la possibilité d’étendre la foi chrétienne aux chiites iraniens car ils sont sensibles, contrairement à leurs voisins ottomans, à la « raison ». Pour ce faire, il suffirait de les débarrasser des superstitions et des erreurs imputables à leur religion comme autant de scories indésirables. Toutefois, une connaissance plus approfondie du terrain permet à certains voyageurs de mieux appréhender le chiisme duodécimain, avec ses rites et ses croyances spécifiques.
Finlande : le droit d’asile menacé ?
Authors: Tervonen Taïna 
Published: December 2016

En 2015, la Finlande a accueilli dix fois plus de demandeurs d’asile que les années précédentes, dans un contexte politique très particulier : cinq mois avant les premières arrivées, le parti populiste des Vrais Finlandais était entré au gouvernement. Si l’accueil des demandeurs d’asile a pu être organisé rapidement, la législation ne cesse de se durcir.
Le Royaume-Uni, la tentation d’une île
Authors: Monforte Pierre 
Published: December 2016

Depuis la fin des années 1990, les gouvernements britanniques qui se sont succédé ont multiplié les réformes législatives visant à renforcer les contrôles aux frontières, à restreindre les droits des demandeurs d’asile et des réfugiés, et à rendre la vie quotidienne des étrangers toujours plus difficile sur le sol britannique. La « crise migratoire » n’a pas infléchi la ligne du gouvernement, obnubilé par l’idée qu’une ouverture des frontières aux exilés fuyant la guerre en Syrie pourrait créer un « appel d’air ».
La Hongrie, chien de garde de l’Europe
Authors: Cantat Céline 
Published: December 2016

Le référendum qui s’est tenu le 2 octobre dernier, appelant les Hongrois à se prononcer sur l’accueil des réfugiés, s’inscrit dans un long processus de criminalisation des migrants et des réfugiés. La campagne raciste qui l’a entouré fait partie d’une stratégie répressive mise en œuvre par le gouvernement hongrois depuis plusieurs années. Cette politique de militarisation et de sécurisation, qui répond aux injonctions de l’UE de contrôle de ses frontières extérieures, s’accompagne de dérives nationalistes et xénophobes, mais aussi de mouvements de protestation et de solidarité.
Italie, l’urgence au quotidien
Authors: Prestianni Sara 
Published: December 2016

En Italie, des centres d’identification – hotspots – ont été mis en place pour faire le tri entre les « bons » migrants et les autres. La prise d’empreintes – parfois sous la contrainte – y est quasi systématique pour permettre, conformément au règlement « Dublin », de renvoyer les migrants depuis les autres pays vers l’Italie. Malgré la saturation de son système d’accueil et le coût de son fonctionnement, malgré l’hécatombe en Méditerranée, le gouvernement italien n’a émis aucune revendication de réforme de l’« approche hotspot ».
L’étranger malade : une cause devenue digne d’être défendue
Authors: Musso Sandrine 
Published: December 2016

L’« étranger malade » est protégé de l’expulsion depuis 1997 et a accès à un titre de séjour « de plein droit » depuis 1998. Cette avancée juridique a été permise par la rencontre entre deux associations dont l’expertise juridique s’est forgée sur le terrain : le Comité national contre la double peine et Act Up. Retour sur un segment de l’histoire sociale de l’épidémie de sida.
Fanon et les mouvements étudiants sud-africains en 2015
Authors: Gibson Nigel C. 
Published: December 2016

Partant d’une réflexion sur les mouvements étudiants, cet article s’intéresse à ce que l’on a appelé le « moment fanonien » de l’Afrique du Sud. L’article adopte une posture critique vis-à-vis des usages réducteurs de l’œuvre de Fanon faisant de lui un penseur manichéen – des usages reproduits en partie par certaines avant-gardes autoproclamées, patriarcales et nationalistes, de ces mouvements. Le texte conclut en soulignant l’émergence de positionnements critiques au sein même des mouvements, ouvrant la possibilité d’une politique décoloniale et subalterne.
Fanon au temps présent. L’assignation au regard
Authors: Cherki Alice 
Published: December 2016

À l’ère de la mondialisation néolibérale, des guerres réduisant les hommes à des objets, où la parole subjective dérange, la pensée de Frantz Fanon – qui analyse les effets de la domination de l’homme par l’homme dans tous les registres du réel, politique, sociologique, anthropologique et subjectif, et trace une voie vers une véritable décolonisation de l’« être » – est d’une étrange actualité. Et ce d’autant plus que Fanon, indissociablement psychiatre, penseur du racisme et des luttes de libération, a mis en garde contre les régressions ethniques, les replis identitaires, et, plus encore, contre les conséquences psychiques, sur plusieurs générations, des traumatismes de guerre, des tortures et autres violences déshumanisantes.
Un espoir contrarié, un destin à réaliser. Que reste-t-il de Fanon en Algérie ?
Authors: Terranti Idriss 
Published: December 2016

Figure éminente de la révolution algérienne, Frantz Fanon a largement contribué à son internationalisation et à la mise en valeur de son contenu libérateur. Paradoxalement, alors que sa pensée partout dans le monde est mobilisée pour éclairer et impulser les luttes économiques, politiques et idéologiques pour l’affranchissement de toute forme de domination, elle subit en Algérie, depuis l’indépendance, une marginalisation et une « silenciation ». Cette contribution présente notre perception des circonstances historiques, politiques et idéologiques à l’origine de la marginalisation de l’œuvre de Fanon, à la fois dans le champ politique et psychiatrique, tout en mettant en évidence le mouvement de réappropriation de sa pensée par des élites d’horizons idéologiques divers. Elle vise à comprendre et à offrir des perspectives à la crise durable dans laquelle se trouve l’Algérie depuis le début des années 1990.