bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive high-resolution deep-brain photoacoustic imaging with a negatively focused fiber-laser ultrasound transducer
Authors: Xu Hexiang , Chen Zitao , Wu Yuhan , Hou Chengtian , Ma Jun , Guan Bai-Ou 
Published: October 2024

Noninvasive high-resolution deep-brain imaging is essential to fundamental cognitive process study and neuroprotective drugs development. Although optical microscopes can resolve fine biological structures with good contrast without exposure to ionizing radiation or a strong magnetic field, the optical scattering limits the penetration depth and hinders its capability for deep-brain imaging. Here, in vivo high-resolution imaging of the whole mouse brain is demonstrated by using a photoacoustic computed tomography system with a negatively focused fiber-laser ultrasound transducer. By leveraging the high flexibility and low bending loss of the optical fiber, a rationally designed negatively focused fiber laser cavity exhibits a low detection limit down to 5.4 Pa and a broad view angle of ∼120  deg, enabling mouse brain imaging with a penetration larger than 7 mm and a nearly isotropic spatial resolution of ∼130  μm. In addition, the negative curvature of the fiber laser reduces the working distance, which facilitates the development of a compact and portable linear scanning imaging system. In vivo imaging of a mouse model with intracerebral hemorrhage is also showcased to demonstrate its capability for potential biomedical and clinical applications. With high spatial resolution and large tissue penetration, the system may provide a noninvasive, user-friendly, and high-performance imaging solution for biomedical research and preclinical/clinical diagnosis.
Ultra-linear FMCW laser based on time-frequency self-injection locking
Authors: Zhang Jichen , Li Shangyuan , Zheng Xiaoping , Xue Xiaoxiao 
Published: October 2024

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) light sources are essential components for coherent light detection and ranging (LiDAR), which is ubiquitously utilized in autonomous driving, industrial monitoring, and geological remote sensing. Traditional FMCW LiDAR systems often face challenges in achieving high frequency-sweep linearity and large excursion, which are critical for accurate distance and velocity measurements. Here, we propose a self-injection locked laser with frequency-shifted feedback to generate ultra-linear and wideband FMCW light. A record-low relative frequency nonlinearity of 6.4×10−7 is achieved when the frequency excursion is 100 GHz and the repetition frequency is 1 kHz. In the LiDAR test, a range resolution of 1.6 mm and a velocity accuracy of 3 mm/s at 300 m distance are demonstrated, and those of 8.1 mm and 6 mm/s at 1 km distance are also obtained. The reported FMCW light source provides not only enhanced performance in coherent LiDAR, but also utilization potential in various high-precision measurement scenarios.
How to optimise creative art therapy to foster the mental health of refugee adolescents? A Delphi study protocol
Authors: Ramadan Mohannad , Nolan Ann , Hadfield Kristin , Bosqui Tania , Ryan Meg 
Published: October 2024

Objective
This study aims to identify the most recommended components of creative art therapy (CAT) to improve the mental health of refugee adolescents.

Design
A three-round Delphi design is proposed. The first round will include semi-structured interviews with a panel of 12 CAT professionals worldwide and 12 refugee adolescents aged 10–24 in Jordan with a history of participating in creative arts interventions. The hybrid approach of coding and thematic analysis will be conducted to develop statements on recommended CAT components from the interview narratives. In the second round, the same and newly enrolled 24 professionals and 24 refugee adolescents will be asked to rate the statements according to their importance, propose new statements, and add comments. A similar procedure will be followed in the third round, where panellists will rate new and old statements after perusing the feedback from the second round.

Main outcome measure
A statement will gain consensus and indicate essential components when rated ‘essential’ or ‘very important’ by > = 80% of panellists. Very important components are those with the same ratings by 60–79.9% of panellists.

Results
A list of essential and very important components, perspectives and suggestions will be provided to guide practice and intervention development.
Dual sensory impairments in companion dogs: Prevalence and relationship to cognitive impairment
Authors: Hopper Ryan G. , Bromberg Rachel B. , Salzman Michele M. , Peterson Kyle D. , Rogers Callie , Cameron Starr , Mowat Freya M. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Many older dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) develop cognitive impairment. Dog owners often describe impairments in multiple sensory functions, yet the relationships between sensory and cognitive function in older dogs is not well understood.

Methods
We performed assessments of dog vision and hearing, both clinically (n = 91, electroretinography and brainstem auditory evoked potential) and via validated questionnaire (n = 238). We determined prevalence of sole and dual hearing/vision impairments in younger (<8 years) and older (≥8 years) dogs. Impairment cutoffs were determined using data from young dogs. We assessed the relationships between questionnaire-assessed vision and/or hearing impairments and cognitive impairment using logistic regression.

Results
Younger and older dog groups had similar distributions of sex and purebred/mixed breed status. Sex had no relationship to prevalence of sensory impairments. Older dogs had higher prevalence of hearing, vision, and dual sensory impairments, assessed both clinically and by questionnaire (P<0.001), and cognitive impairment assessed by questionnaire (P<0.001). Dogs had higher prevalence of reported cognitive impairment when owners reported dual vision and hearing impairments (79–94%, versus 25–27% in dogs with no sensory impairments), which was most consistent in dogs aged ≥8 years. In these older dogs, dual vision/hearing impairments were associated with a significantly increased risk of cognitive impairment (1.8–2.0 odds ratio).

Conclusion
Dogs aged ≥8 years are at higher risk for dual hearing/vision impairments and associated cognitive impairments. The causal relationship between these impairments is not defined, but clinical consideration of these multimorbidity risks should be made in older dogs.
The value of using COVID-19 antibody tests as a potential approach to prioritize vaccination delivery
Authors: Alrabadi Nasr , Obeidat Haneen , Haddad Razan , Alyassin Noor , Alzoubi Karem H. , Obeidat Omar , Shteiwi Saif M. , Al-rabadi Daher , Al-faouri Ibrahim 
Published: October 2024

Background
The highly contagious novel COVID-19 virus has demonstrated a great challenge for healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. One of these challenges is the availability of vaccines in some countries or societies, especially in the early stages of the pandemic.

Objectives
This study aims to determine the level of natural immunity against COVID-19 infection among HCWs exposed to COVID-19 at the early stages of the pandemic and build a model to determine the groups that can benefit more from the scarce vaccination resources.

Methods
This study took place between January and March 2021, after the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, before spreading the variants of concern, such as the UK variant (Alpha B.1.1.7), and before starting the vaccine campaigns. This cross-sectional study collected serum samples from 251 vulnerable HCWs. The samples were tested for IgG antibodies against COVID-19 using commercial kits. The demographics and clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded using face-to-face interviews.

Results
COVID-19 IgG antibodies were detected in more than 40% of HCWs before vaccination. Those HCWs should have less priority than those without COVID-19 IgG. The seroprevalence of COVID-19 was higher in male HCWs and among nurses. There was no association between the participants’ immunity and smoking status or different blood groups. Most HCWs reported being infected with the virus during the first wave, mainly at the end of 2020. A limited number of HCWs reported infections between January 2021 and March 2021. All HCWs eventually received the COVID-19 vaccine, ignoring being previously infected.

Conclusion
The reported results emphasize the value of using immunity tests to prioritize the groups that may benefit the most from the limited vaccines, especially in developing countries with scarce resources where those with COVID-19 IgG antibodies should have less priority for the COVID-19 vaccine. The present results indicate that up to 40% of the delivered vaccines to HCWs who had COVID-19 antibodies could be prioritized more wisely in future pandemics.
Fluctuation of functional somatic disorders in a population-based cohort. The DanFunD study
Authors: Schovsbo Signe U. , Kårhus Line L. , Bjerregaard Anne A. , Petersen Marie W. , Frostholm Lisbeth , Fink Per , Carstensen Tina B. W. , Eplov Lene F. , Benros Michael E. , Brix Susanne , Madsen Anja L. , Linneberg Allan , Dantoft Thomas M. , Jørgensen Torben 
Published: October 2024

Background
Evidence of incidence of functional somatic disorders (FSD) is hampered by unclear delimitations of the conditions and little is known about the possible interchangeability between syndromes. Further, knowledge on remission and persistence of FSD in the general population is limited. We aimed to assess the natural course of various FSD over 5 years in the general population.

Methods
A follow-up study (Danish Study of Functional Disorders—DanFunD) was conducted in a random sample of the general population comprising 5,738 participants aged 18–76 years at baseline. Both at baseline and five-year follow-up, participants filled in validated questionnaires on symptoms to delimitate two approaches of FSD, the bodily distress syndrome (BDS) and four functional somatic syndromes (FSS): irritable bowel (IB), chronic fatigue (CF), chronic widespread pain (CWP), and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS).

Results
Both BDS and FSS showed a five-year incidence around 11%. Incidence of the individual FSS varied from 0.8% (MCS) to 5.7% (CF). BDS and FSS showed a remission proportion close to 50%. We found a high degree of interchangeability between each FSS varying from 15.0% to 23.4%.

Conclusion
We identified a marked fluctuation pattern of FSD during a five-year period, with a high degree of interchangeability between each FSS. The study stresses the importance of large population-based cohorts with transparent delimitation of FSD in future research to understand these complex conditions.
Prevalence of hypertension and factors associated with the utilization of primary health care services for hypertension among hypertensive population aged 40 years and above in Pyin Oo Lwin Township, Myanmar
Authors: Soe May Sabai , Hlaing Su Su , Mon Aye Sandar , Lynn Kyaw Thu 
Published: October 2024

Background
Utilization of hypertension services at primary health care levels has not been assessed at township level, since launching of PEN interventions in Myanmar. This study aimed to determine the factors associating with the utilization of primary health care services for hypertension among 40 years and above hypertensive population.

Methods
Community-based cross-sectional study was done in Pyin Oo Lwin Township, 2023. Multi stage sampling was conducted to recruit 40 years and above participants; response rate was 85%. Joint National Committee (JNC7) classification was used to define hypertension. Among hypertensive participants, descriptive analysis, Chi squared test and multiple logistic models were conducted, with a significance level of 0.05.

Results
Out of 1001 screening participants, prevalence of hypertension was 38.6% (386). Among 386 participants, 51.8% (200) utilized primary health care services provided by public health facilities. Rural residents (AOR = 2.79, CI = 1.68, 4.67), known hypertension (AOR = 4.36, CI = 2.39, 8.23), good perception on hypertension (AOR = 0.30, CI = 0.14, 0.62), perceived cost of travel as necessary (AOR = 0.57, CI = 0.35, 0.92) and awareness of available services (AOR = 4.11, CI = 2.55, 6.71) were associated with the utilization of primary health care services for hypertension.

Conclusion
This study provided context-specific scientific evidence to tackle existing problems of low utilization of PHC services for hypertension. Strengthening health care infrastructure for quality hypertension care at primary health care level was also recommended.
Medical Therapies for Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Pouch Disorders—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Syal Gaurav , Barnes Edward , Raffals Laura , Al Kazzi Elie , Haydek John , Agarwal Mansai , Singh Siddharth 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Pouchitis and Crohn's-like disease of the pouch (CLDP) are common in patients who undergo ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. We conducted separate systematic reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of available interventions to prevent and treat pouchitis and CLDP.

METHODS:
Through systematic literature reviews, we identified studies that evaluated the effectiveness of probiotics, antibiotics, 5-aminosalicylates, nonsystemic oral corticosteroids, and advanced therapies for prevention and treatment of pouchitis and CLDP for meta-analysis. Primary outcomes were occurrence of pouchitis for pouchitis prevention and clinical response for pouchitis and CLDP treatment. We estimated the relative effectiveness of these interventions using the existing placebo response rates or hypothetical spontaneous improvement rates derived from clinical trials of pouchitis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease.

RESULTS:
Probiotics were effective for primary (relative risk [RR] 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–0.62) and secondary prevention (RR 0.17; 95% CI 0.09–0.34) of pouchitis. Antibiotics were effective for treatment of acute and chronic pouchitis (12 cohorts; RR 1.67; 95% CI 1.34–2.01; response rate 65%; 95% CI 52–75) with ciprofloxacin and metronidazole-based regimens being more effective than rifaximin. Advanced therapies were effective for treatment of chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis (31 cohorts; RR 1.71; 95% CI 1.28–2.56; response rate 50%; 95% CI 43–57) and CLDP (10 cohorts; RR 2.49; 95% CI 1.87–3.73; response rate 74%; 95% CI 68–79) without significant difference between classes.

DISCUSSION:
Multiple medical interventions are effective for prevention and treatment of pouchitis and CLDP. Given the overall low quality of data, further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Influence of kilohertz frequency, burst duty cycle and burst duration on evoked torque, discomfort and muscle efficiency: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Modesto Karenina Arrais Guida , Raposo Priscila Karen Silva , da Silva Almeida Isabella , Vaz Marco Aurélio , Durigan João Luiz Quagliotti 
Published: October 2024

AbstractKilohertz‐frequency alternating currents (KFACs) have been indicated to minimize muscle atrophy and weakness. However, the optimal stimulation parameters still need to be determined.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of different KFACs on evoked torque, current efficiency, and perceived discomfort.DesignKFACs with frequencies of 1 kHz (Aussie current) and 2.5 kHz (Russian current), along with two duty cycles (10% and 20%), were randomly applied to the triceps surae muscle of healthy participants using a crossover design. The NMES intensity, NMES‐evoked torque, NMES efficiency, and NMES discomfort were measured in maximal and submaximal conditions. Statistical analyses were conducted using a two‐way mixed‐model ANOVA with repeated measures. Forty‐four participants were included.ResultsAussie currents produced higher evoked torque and efficiency in maximal and submaximal efforts, with higher perceived discomfort in maximal effort. Although the Australian current may cause greater discomfort at maximal efforts, it matches the Russian current in perceived discomfort at submaximal levels. The 20% duty cycle produced the highest efficiency in submaximal efforts.ConclusionIn both maximal and submaximal efforts, the Aussie current demonstrated superior NMES efficiency, yielding higher torque with lower amplitude than the Russian current. Clinicians should take these findings into consideration when prescribing KFACs to optimize clinical outcomes.
The Turning Point in Time from the Serbian Perspective: How to Turn the Digital Tide
Authors: Sofronijević Adam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To compare and contrast two points in time the article highlights the social impact of the WWW that was still hidden in 1989 and the social impact of the disappearance of the reading of printed books that is still hidden in 2024. These global points of interest for turning the tide are supplemented by some particulars from a Serbian perspective and a question: should world governments buy time for people to read printed books?
A Note on the Optimal Speed of Transition: Aghion and Blanchard Revisited
Authors: Nævdal Eric , Wagner Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This note illustrates, by reconsidering the seminal optimal speed-of-transition model of Aghion, P., and O. J. Blanchard. (1994. “On the Speed of Transition in Central Europe.” NBER Macroeconomics Annual 9: 283–319), that optimal transition paths, in general, exhibit nonlinearities and discontinuities. Aghion and Blanchard consider only an approximate solution with a constant unemployment rate over the transition process. The exact solution features an increasing unemployment rate with a discontinuity when the state sector is closed down at the optimally chosen endpoint of transition. Economic transition problems bear many similarities to scrap value problems with free terminal time, often encountered in resource economics. In relation to the transition to a green economy, the discussion in this note therefore casts doubt on the optimality of a green transition discussed in, e.g., the European Union in terms of politically specified rather than optimally designed milestones for emissions reductions, i.e., by −55 % compared to 1990 levels until 2030 and net zero until 2050.
Global education – Impressive results of Ian Donald school
Authors: Kurjak Asim , Chervenak Frank A. , Stanojević Milan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Ian Donald International School of Ultrasound bears testament to globalization in its most successful and worthwhile form. The school was founded in Dubrovnik in 1981. Since then, the growth has been meteoric and now consists of 126 branches throughout the world. The reason for this success has been the tireless and selfless efforts of the world’s leading authorities in ultrasound who are willing to dedicate their valuable time without reimbursement to teach sonologists and sonographers throughout the world. The teachers put national, religious, political, and other parochial considerations aside as they strive to improve the care of all women and fetal patients. Our politicians in all of the myriad countries represented in the school have much to learn from the purity of spirit that exists throughout the international family of Ian Donald schools. We believe that Ian Donald is smiling down from heaven at the School that bears his name. It is not overstating the fact to say that Donald’s innovation has changed the thinking of our age. The magnitude of this step alone is incalculable. Indeed, diagnostic ultrasound, more than any other modern technique, has made manifest that the fetus is an individual virtually from conception.
Biofluid biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease: past, present, and future
Authors: An Chengyu , Cai Huimin , Ren Ziye , Fu Xiaofeng , Quan Shuiyue , Jia Longfei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a gradually progressive neurodegenerative disease with tremendous social and economic burden. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is imperative for effective treatment or prevention of the disease. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers emerge as favorable diagnostic tools due to their relative accessibility and potential for widespread clinical use. This review focuses on the AT(N) biomarker system, which includes biomarkers reflecting AD core pathologies, amyloid deposition, and pathological tau, as well as neurodegeneration. Novel biomarkers associated with inflammation/immunity, synaptic dysfunction, vascular pathology, and α-synucleinopathy, which might contribute to either the pathogenesis or the clinical progression of AD, have also been discussed. Other emerging candidates including non-coding RNAs, metabolites, and extracellular vesicle-based markers have also enriched the biofluid biomarker landscape for AD. Moreover, the review discusses the current challenges of biofluid biomarkers in AD diagnosis and offers insights into the prospective future development.
Mie metasurfaces for enhancing photon outcoupling from single embedded quantum emitters
Authors: Prescott Samuel , Iyer Prasad P. , Addamane Sadhvikas , Jung Hyunseung , Luk Ting S. , Brener Igal , Mitrofanov Oleg 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Solid-state quantum emitters (QE) can produce single photons required for quantum information processing. However, their emission properties often exhibit poor directivity and polarisation definition resulting in considerable loss of generated photons. Here we propose and numerically evaluate Mie metasurface designs for outcoupling photons from an embedded and randomly-positioned QE. These Mie metasurface designs can provide over one order of magnitude enhancement in photon outcoupling with only several percent of photons being lost. Importantly, the Mie metasurfaces provide the enhancement in photon outcoupling without the need for strict QE position alignment and without affecting the intrinsic QE emission rate (Purcell enhancement). Electric dipole modes are key for achieving the enhancement and they offer a path for selective outcoupling for photons emitted with specific polarisation, including the out-of-plane polarisation. Mie metasurfaces can provide an efficient, polarisation-selective and scalable platform for QEs.
A novel investigation into time-fractional multi-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations within Aboodh transform
Authors: Almheidat Maalee , Yasmin Humaira , Al Huwayz Maryam , Shah Rasool , El-Tantawy Samir A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This investigation explores the analytical solutions to the time-fractional multi-dimensional Navier–Stokes (NS) problem using advanced approaches, namely the Aboodh residual power series method and the Aboodh transform iteration method, within the context of the Caputo operator. The NS equation governs the motion of fluid flow and is essential in fluid dynamics, engineering, and atmospheric sciences. Given the equation’s extensive and diverse applicability across several disciplines, we are motivated to conduct a thorough analysis to understand the complex dynamics associated with the nonlinear events it describes. For this purpose, we effectively handle the challenges posed by fractional derivatives by utilizing the Aboodh approach. This will enable us to obtain accurate analytical approximations for the time fractional multi-dimensional NS equation. By conducting thorough analysis and computational simulations, we provide evidence of the efficiency and dependability of the suggested methodologies in accurately representing the dynamic behavior of fractional fluid flow systems. This work enhances our comprehension of the utilization of fractional calculus in fluid dynamics and provides valuable analytical instruments for examining intricate flow phenomena. Its interdisciplinary nature ensures that the findings are applicable to various scientific and engineering fields, making the research highly versatile and impactful.