bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pediatric Decannulation Protocol
Authors: Wirtz Nicholas , Tibesar Robert J. , Lander Timothy , Sidman James 
Published: February 2016

Objectives(1) Describe an institutional protocol that focuses on the essential steps for decannulation of pediatric patients with long‐term tracheostomies. (2) Discuss the preliminary observations of the safety of this protocol in regard to decannulation failures and successes in a selected patient population.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingA tertiary pediatric hospital.SubjectsSubjects were pediatric patients with chronic tracheostomies undergoing decannulation. Ages ranged from 1 to 17 years old. Indications for initial tracheostomy included chronic lung disease, airway obstruction, and trauma.MethodsSubjects underwent decannulation attempt following a specific protocol. The protocol consisted of operative laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy. If the airway was deemed adequate for decannulation at that time, the tracheotomy tube was removed, and the child was monitored overnight; the patient was considered for discharge the following day if no complications arose. No routine capping, downsizing, or polysomnography was performed.ResultsThirty‐five patients fit the criteria and were decannulated within 24 hours of endoscopy. Successful decannulation served as the primary outcome. Of the 35 decannulated patients, 54% (n = 19) were discharged the day following decannulation and another 37% (n = 13) on postdecannulation day 2. There were no acute failures or readmissions. Average inpatient stay for those decannulated was 1.8 days.ConclusionThis study describes the preliminary observations of a decannulation protocol in a small subset of patients. The protocol resulted in no acute failures and offers a conservative approach to resource utilization, making it unique when compared with other published protocols.
Interim Positron Emission Tomography Response–Adapted Therapy in Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Results of the Phase II Part of the HD0801 Study
Authors: Zinzani Pier Luigi , Broccoli Alessandro , Gioia Daniela Maria , Castagnoli Antonio , Ciccone Giovannino , Evangelista Andrea , Santoro Armando , Ricardi Umberto , Bonfichi Maurizio , Brusamolino Ercole , Rossi Giuseppe , Anastasia Antonella , Zaja Francesco , Vitolo Umberto , Pavone Vincenzo , Pulsoni Alessandro , Rigacci Luigi , Gaidano Gianluca , Stelitano Caterina , Salvi Flavia , Rusconi Chiara , Tani Monica , Freilone Roberto , Pregno Patrizia , Borsatti Eugenio , Sacchetti Gian Mauro , Argnani Lisa , Levis Alessandro 
Published: February 2016

Purpose The clinical impact of positron emission tomography (PET) evaluation performed early during first-line therapy in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma, in terms of providing a rationale to shift patients who respond poorly onto a more intensive regimen (PET response-adapted therapy), remains to be confirmed. Patients and Methods The phase II part of the multicenter HD0801 study involved 519 patients with advanced-stage de novo Hodgkin lymphoma who received an initial treatment with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) and who underwent an early ifosfamide-containing salvage treatment followed by stem-cell transplantation if they showed a positive PET evaluation after two cycles of chemotherapy (PET2). The primary end point was 2-year progression-free survival calculated for both PET2-negative patients (who completed a full six cycles of ABVD treatment) and PET2-positive patients. Overall survival was a secondary end point. Results In all, 103 of the 512 evaluable patients were PET2 positive. Among them, 81 received the scheduled salvage regimen with transplantation, 15 remained on ABVD (physician’s decision, mostly because of minimally positive PET2), five received an alternative treatment, and two were excluded because of diagnostic error. On intention-to-treat analysis, the 2-year progression-free survival was 76% for PET2-positive patients (regardless of the salvage treatment they received) and 81% for PET2-negative patients. Conclusion Patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma for whom treatment was at high risk of failing appear to benefit from early treatment intensification with autologous transplantation, as indicated by the possibility of successful salvage treatment in more than 70% of PET2-positive patients through obtaining the same 2-year progression-free survival as the PET2-negative subgroup.
A literature review on accounting education in Turkey, etichal values, and occupational ethics<p>Türkiye’de muhasebe eğitimi, etik değerler ve meslek etiği üzerine literatür taraması
Authors: Peker Ali Aykut , Özdemir Şefik , Polat Yusuf , Karakışla Enver 
Published: February 2016

In this study, the basic ethical approaches in accounting are discussed by referring the concepts of accounting education, ethics, professional ethics, professional ethics training, accounting ethics education. Also it is devoted to fundamental ethical principles held by various institutions and organizations in Turkey and the World. The literature review are conducted on the studies carried out about the professional ethics in Turkey, accounting ethics, accounting ethics education and ethical principles. The purpose of this work is to try to create a perspective for the future within the scope of accounting ethics education and accounting ethics committees in Turkey. If examining the studies in Turkey within the code of ethics and accounting education, it is seen that the professionals and business owners generally exhibit behaviors consistent with ethical principles, but for exceptions there are reasons of gaps in legislation and pressure from payers. Studies show that people are more prone to the unethical behavior who are men by gender variable, youngs by age variable and low-income people by level of income variable. As examining the education variable, the results demonstrate that the level of education is lower in the parties done unethical behavior, the education received is not effective and efficient and the institutions offering education do not give importance sufficiently to the ethical education. ÖzetBu çalışmada muhasebe eğitimi, etik, meslek etiği, meslek etiği eğitimi, muhasebe etiği eğitimi kavramlarından bahsedilerek muhasebe de yer alan temel etik yaklaşımların bahsedilmiştir. Ayrıca Türkiye’de çeşitli kurum ve kuruluşlar tarafından düzenlenen ve tüm dünyada da benzer şekilde var olan temel etik ilkelerden bahsedilmiştir. Türkiye’de meslek etiği, muhasebe etiği, muhasebe etik eğitimi ve etik ilkeler üzerine yapılan çalışmalar üzerine literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de muhasebe etik kurulları ve muhasebe etik eğitimi kapsamında geleceğe ilişkin bir perspektif oluşturmaya çalışmaktır. Muhasebe eğitimi ve etik kodlar kapsamında Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde, genel itibariyle meslek mensupları ve işletme sahiplerinin etik ilkelere uygun davranışlar sergiledikleri, etik dışı davranışlarda bulunanların ise bunun nedeni olarak mükelleflerin baskısı ve yasal mevzuattaki boşlukları göstermişlerdir. Çalışmalarda cinsiyet değişkenine göre erkeklerin, yaş değişkenine göre gençlerin, gelir düzeyi değişkenine göre ise geliri düşük düzeyde olanların etik dışı davranışlara daha fazla yöneldikleri belirlenmiştir. Eğitim değişkenine bakıldığında ise etik dışı davranışlarda bulunan tarafların eğitim seviyesinin daha düşük olduğu, alınan eğitimlerin etkili ve verimli olamadığı ve bu eğitimi veren kurumların etik eğitimine gerekli önemi vermediği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Factors Affecting the Hematological Parameters in Different Goat Breeds from Italy
Authors: Arfuso Francesca , Fazio Francesco , Rizzo Maria , Marafioti Simona , Zanghì Elisa , Piccione Giuseppe 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Hematological parameters in healthy goats show several variations in relation to breed, age, reproductive status, environmental factors and management conditions. Therefore, there is the need to investigate these factors and how they affect the animal’s hematology. The aims of this study were to establish hematological reference values of five Italian goat breeds at different age classes (1–2, 3–4 and over 5 years) considered in autumn and to evaluate the effects of some factors (breed, age and environmental conditions). Ninety-six dried female Aspromontana goats, 102 Girgentana goats, 99 Messinese goats, 96 Maltese goats and 108 Argentata dell’Etna goats, clinically healthy, were used. Blood samples were collected from each animal and analyzed for Red Blood Cell (RBC), White Blood Cell (WBC), Hemoglobin concentration (Hb), Hematocrit (Hct), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and Platelets (PLT). Statistical analysis showed the effect of breed (P<0.05) on all studied parameters and the effect of age (P<0.05) on: RBC and Hb in Messinese goats; Hct in Girgentana, Maltese and Argentata dell’Etna goats; MCV and MCHC in Argentata dell’Etna goats; WBC in Aspromontana goats; and PLT in Girgentana and Messinese goats. The findings of the present study may serve as reference values for hematology of Italian goat breeds studied in autumn which could help veterinarians to interpret laboratory data appropriately and to monitor animal health status in order to improve the management and conservation of these breeds.
Effects on Productive Performance, Tibia Calcium and Phosphorous Retention, and Liver Enzymes Activity of Acidified and Alkalinized Diets in Broiler Chicken
Authors: Nourmohammadi Rouhollah , Khosravinia Heshmatollah , Afzali Nazar , Manafi Milad 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A 35-day experiment was carried out to study the effects of acidified and alkalinized diets on zootechnical indices, tibial calcium and phosphorous retention, bone mineralization and liver enzymes activity using 250 Ross 308 male broiler chicks. Five treatments consisting of a control diet (CD), CD acidified using 10, 20 and 30 g/kg citric acid (CA) and CD alkalinized with Ca (OH)2 (8.9 g/kg in growth period and 8.6 g/kg in finisher period) were examined in 5 replicates of 10 birds each from day 7 up to day 42 of age. Inclusion of 30 g/kg CA significantly increased body weight, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed efficiency, tibia ash, tibia Ca content, at day 42 of age (P<0.05). Serum alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were elevated in the birds fed with the 30 g/kg CA-treated diet at day 42 of age (P<0.05). Alkalinized diet significantly reduced ADFI, tibia ash, tibial P and Ca contents, bone breaking strength and plasma Ca concentration (P<0.05). It was concluded that the diet acidified with 30 g/kg CA promoted productive performance and tibia mineralization in broiler chicken. Alkalinized diet suppressed growth performance of the birds perhaps through disrupted mineral absorption and altered liver enzymes activity.
The Political Economics of the New Silk Road
Authors: Sárvári Balázs , Szeidovitz Anna 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
What has now been coined the term XXI Century Silk Road had evolved from a speech given by Chinese premier Xi Jinping in Kazakhstan in 2013. It was initially a plan aimed at promoting the bilateral relations of China and its neighbors; however, the initiative had since then traversed the region’s borders and become a global project.
This paper examines the Silk Road Economic Belt initiative in light of Chinese-EU relations. It reviews the initiation of the Silk Road Project and focuses on its political economic analysis through investigating the potential routes the Belt can take, the EU-Chinese trade and investment standings as well as the global political context that the increased cooperation and connection is likely to influence.
The paper uses the Modern Silk Road concept as an example of China’s foreign policy in the wake of globalization and the emergence of a new multipolar world order. To set the stage we will begin with a political-economic approach of the New Silk Road. Highlighting the possibilities of Chinese high culture, which accommodate global governance, we state that the Modern Silk Road project is one of its materialized forms. The concept of the New Silk Road (together with the Eurasian Union) denies the previous era of corruption and personality cult and indicates a milestone in the development of China, proving that it is already a globally responsible power (Värk, 2015).
Even if transport by land is significantly more expensive than transportation by sea, the New Silk Road may have significant advantages: It may take only two weeks, saving potentially a week in shipping time, and diversify China’s dependence on sea transport that could reduce the importance of its regional diplomatic conflicts. Already these aspects show that the purpose of the Modern Silk Road is basically not to explore cost-efficiency but to contribute to the establishment of a new, multipolar world order. The fact that the Modern Silk Road is a supply-driven concept in spite of the historical one underlines this argument. Even if politics dominate, henceforward directing the economic activities, we will nonetheless examine the China-Eastern European relations through the lenses of trade and investment as well.
After the initial analysis and description of the Silk Road Economic Belt as a tool of Chinese foreign policy, the paper goes on to examine the potential routes the railway takes from China to Europe. It reviews the trade and investment ties that the two entities share and assesses how this initiative contributes to the rise of Europe and China beside the USA. Lastly, it outlines how various regional and global powers are affected by the renewal of the Silk Road.
Derivation of level-specific reference change values (RCV) from a health screening database and optimization of their thresholds based on clinical utility
Authors: Kawano Reo , Ichihara Kiyoshi , Wada Takashi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground:Reference change values (RCV) are used for judging the significance of changes between any two measurements. Based on the within-individual CV (CVI), RCV is conventionally computed as the 95% confidence limit (CL) of the changes:$RCV = 1.96 \times \sqrt 2 C{V_I}.$However, the appropriateness of assuming a constantCVIand using the 95% CL for RCV remains controversial.Methods:The level-specificCVIand RCV were estimated for 20 screening tests using a database composed of results from 13,545 health-screening attendees over a 17-year period, after preliminary exclusion of individuals taking medications or having unusual changes in body mass index (BMI). A rational CL for RCV was explored in reference to a clinical score for the metabolic syndrome, sMS, which was derived based on a logistic regression model consisting of tests related to metabolic syndrome. The effect of adjusting CL for the RCV on diagnostic efficacies of detecting between-year change in sMS was evaluated.Results:Test level dependency ofCVIwas apparent for some screening tests which have distributions with prominent skewing. The use of level-specific RCV was thus essential for them. The sensitivity for detecting a critical change in sMS based on the RCV set at 95%CL was extremely low in the majority of tests. However, by lowering CL stepwise from 95 to 75%, the sensitivity improved greatly without much change in specificity and positive predictive value. Loss-and-gain analysis showed that CL for RCV set around 80% gave the lowest loss, assuming a policy of reducing false negative judgment.Conclusions:Level specificCVIand RCV were necessary in tests with skewed distributions. RCV using 80%–90% CL is suitable in health screening for diseases that require early intervention for changes.
A technical and clinical evaluation of a new assay for inhibin A and its use in second trimester Down syndrome screening
Authors: Wilson Georgina , Liitti Päivi , Pölönen Tuukka , Sairanen Mikko , Spencer Kevin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground:The objective of the study was to compare a new AutoDELFIA®Inhibin A kit (B064-102) with the Access Inhibin A kit (A36097) using clinical specimens and to evaluate the AutoDELFIA®Inhibin A assay performance in screening for Down syndrome in the second trimester of pregnancy.Methods:Using clinical samples, we performed a method comparison between new and existing inhibin A kits and assessed AutoDELFIA®Inhibin A kit precision performance. Normal median values for the second trimester of pregnancy were also determined. Finally, we evaluated the screening performance of the AutoDELFIA®Inhibin A kit together with other second trimester biomarkers for the detection of Down syndrome.Results:The two methods showed a high degree of correlation (r=0.99, Pearson and Spearman correlation), and the average relative level difference between the methods at a concentration range of 41.7–1925 pg/mL was 19.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) from 17.6% to 21.5%]. The acceptable precision of the AutoDELFIA®Inhibin A kit was demonstrated: the within-lot CV% varied from 1.9% to 3.9%. The screening performance results show that AutoDELFIA®Inhibin A when added to a combination of other second trimester serum markers [human alpha foetoprotein (hAFP), free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (free hCGβ) and unconjugated estriol (uE3) or hAFP and free hCGβ] improves the detection rate of screening in both combinations.Conclusions:The performance of the AutoDELFIA®Inhibin A assay is highly acceptable for routine laboratory use for screening Down syndrome in the second trimester of pregnancy.
Czech Study of Public Policy in the Perspective of Three Dominant Approaches
Authors: Novotný Vilém 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The Velvet Revolution in 1989 did not represent only a fundamental change of the political regime, but also the beginnings of contemporary Czech study of public policy and policy expertise. This article aims to present its significant institutional aspects on the basis of a systematic analysis drawing on deLeon, Trent and Stein’s models of (sub)discipline development. It assumes that the development of a field of study is driven by the interaction between its inner dynamics and the surrounding environment (society, state and international academic community). The article identifies three dominant approaches in the configuration of the Czech field - Prague public policy, Brno political science and Brno social policy - and it focuses on their supporting infrastructure, frames of reference and contacts with the international academic community. Finally, it outlines the study’s development stages, revealing that Czech study of public has been quickly catching up with its Western counterparts.
Public Policy Programmes and Policy Analysis Instruction in the Czech Republic
Authors: Veselý Arnošt , Zelinková Anna 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to provide the first systematic review of instruction in public policy programmes (PPP) in the Czech Republic and examine the role and nature of policy analysis therein. First, the Czech higher education system is briefly described. Second, an overview of PPP in the Czech Republic is provided. This analysis is based upon a publicly available list of degree programmes accredited by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, an internet search, e-mail correspondence with public policy and policy analysis instructors, and syllabuses. It is shown that while a diverse set approaches is used, the classical “positivist” perspective is clearly dominant. Third, using survey data (N = 192) we analyse the views of Public and Social Policy graduates on the importance of competences in practice and the quality of actually learnt competences. Last, preliminary conclusions on public policy/policy analysis instruction in the Czech Republic are discussed. It is shown that public policy instruction is rather fragmented and is institutionalized under different disciplines. The respondents were most satisfied with gaining skills in the areas of policy analysis, ability to orient oneself and acquire new knowledge, and strategic and analytical thinking. In contrast, they were least satisfied with acquiring organizational skills, practical professional experience and skills, and computer literacy.
Radiated Information Infiltration Channel Concerning Programme Based Solutions for Information Protection Prior to its Non-Invasive Acquisition
Authors: Kubiak Ireneusz 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The methods for protection of non-public information against electromagnetic infiltration are very important issue that requires constant development of technological advancement of the devices on which such information is processed. The current methods are the solutions regarding construction of the devices and organisation oriented solutions that are related mainly to physically limiting access to such information. The new area concerning electromagnetic protection of processed information by means of electricity is the programme based methods. These, however, do not deal with the issues of cryptographic information protection. The programme based protection uses special shapes of fonts, which having passed through the Radiated Information Infiltration Channel (RIIC) make reading of protected data impossible. This is achieved through eliminating specific character elements (roots, sheriffs, arcs) and maximising the degree of similarity between them. However, the assimilation should not make the original characters, i.e. those displayed on the screen of the device that processes these data harder to differentiate between them.
Yet, is maximising the degree of similarity between the characters of a safe font decisive for electromagnetic security?
The article presents two font solutions of similar character shape, which are however much different from one another in terms of their degree of recognisability on the output of the RIIC due to structural detail. This shows that maximising similarity between characters in their original form does not have to increase the degree of resistance to recognition of the secondary characters.
Failure Issues in WiFi Networks Applied in Intelligent Home Systems
Authors: Lech Piotr , Purczyński Jan , Kornatowski Eugeniusz , Włodarski Przemysław 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article presents current research on failure issues in the IEEE 802.11g wireless network that can be easily applied in the intelligent home system. Different systems in different communication models coexisted with each other in the same time of operation. As a result of many observations the new statistical model of communication system failures was developed. During normal operation there should be no connection loss in the ideal case. However, when transmitting devices are located on the edge of the wireless network range, the connection could be lost. The problem of reconnections cannot be ignored in the process of automation devices control, especially when dealing with sensitive data transmitted using e.g. Internet of Things technologies. One of the possible scenarios that could take place after link failure is the stability loss of the system or issues with data integrity. All research presented in this work could help in performing new computer simulations, and as a consequence - by appropriate designing of queueing systems - preventing data loss.
Segmentation of Dishes for Customer Service Automation in a Self-service Canteen
Authors: Kryjak Tomasz , Krol Damian , Gorgon Marek 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The article describes research on dishes segmentation for the purposes of customer service process automation in a self-service canteen. The project assumptions and a prototype test stand are presented. The developed empty workspace detection and tray position determination algorithms are discussed. Finally, the chosen dishes segmentation algorithm is described and justified.