bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of decompression and micro-jetting in shock wave synthesis experiments
Authors: Schlothauer T , Schimpf C , Schwarz M R , Heide G , Kroke E 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In a set of shock experiments under comparable porosities at pressures of about 35 GPa the melting behavior of porous copper was investigated. All experiments were performed with the impedance corrected sample recovery system and different degrees of decompression were used. It was possible to reduce the degree of molten metal in parts of the sample after sample recovery down to zero. The avoiding of melting was possible only by avoiding larger degrees of adiabatic decompression. This behavior implies a complete dependence of the melting on the release path for porous copper under the given conditions. The zones, where the melting processes are avoided, include also areas with intense micro jetting. Because also in these zones melting does not occur, it is possible that the melting curve of copper along the Hugoniot is not yet solved. The experiments have verified, that it is possible to use equation-of-state calculations for the solid state only, concerning the pressure area of currently commercial interest for the production of nitrides and diamond with copper-powder as pressure medium. Furthermore in this work the role of different parts of the sample recovery capsule is described to improve the comparability of shock wave synthesis experiments. On the other hand, the experimentally results given in this work show significant differences to data, obtained by a number of simulations.
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: Yocum Denise 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
This article describes an uncommon presentation of a subdural empyema in a young man. Because the patient's initial presentation consisted of nonspecific abdominal complaints, subdural empyema was not initially considered. However, a thorough medical history, including recent travel history, and appropriate multidisciplinary consultation, were key to reaching the correct diagnosis.
Patient characteristics associated with primary care PA and APRN roles
Authors: Everett Christine M. , Morgan Perri , Jackson George L. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Physician assistants (PAs) and advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) can perform multiple roles on primary care teams, but limited research describes the patients they serve. We sought to identify patient characteristics associated with roles of primary care PAs and APRNs.

Methods:
We analyzed adult respondents to the 2010 Health Tracking Household Survey with a primary care usual provider (physician, PA, or APRN). The dependent variable is the PA or APRN role. Explanatory variables include sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes toward use, delayed care, and perceived health.

Results:
Compared with respondents seen by physicians only, respondents seen by a PA or APRN in any role were more likely to be younger, female, living in rural areas, and put off needed medical care. Respondents seen by a PA or APRN as their usual provider were more likely to report better health. Patients seen by a PA or APRN in a supplemental role reported being sicker, more educated, and attitudinally less likely to use healthcare.

Conclusions:
PAs and APRNs perform different roles for different types of patients.
User-Centered Design and Printed Educational Materials: A Focus Group Study of Primary Care Physician Preferences
Authors: Grudniewicz Agnes , Bhattacharyya Onil , McKibbon K. Ann , Straus Sharon E. 
Published: November 2016

Introduction:
It is challenging for primary care physicians (PCPs) to review and apply the growing amount of clinical evidence available. Printed educational materials (PEMs), which synthesize evidence, are often ineffective at improving knowledge, possibly due to poor design and limited uptake. In this study, we collected PCP preferences for the design and content of physician-oriented PEMs and determined key attributes that may increase their usability and uptake.

Methods:
We held 90-minute focus groups with PCPs in Toronto, ON, Canada. Focus groups included discussion about whether and how participants use PEMs, feedback on three examples of PEMs, and a discussion on general format and design preferences in PEMs. We analyzed focus group transcripts using a thematic analysis and summarized results in a list of user preferences.

Results:
Four focus groups were held with 13 PCPs. We found that participants only read PEMs relevant to their patients and prefer short, concise documents, with links to sources that can provide more detailed information. Simplicity of materials was important, with many participants preferring PEMs without lengthy backgrounds or scientific explanations. Most participants wanted to see key messages highlighted to easily assess the relevance of the materials to their practice. Some participants shared physician-oriented PEMs with patients.

Discussion:
This study shows that PCPs may prefer shorter, simpler, and more concise documents that have less scientific detail but provide references to further information sources. It is important to understand end user preferences for the design and content of these materials to enhance their uptake.
Death During Simulation: A Literature Review
Authors: Heller Benjamin J. , DeMaria Samuel , Katz Daniel , Heller Joshua A. , Goldberg Andrew T. 
Published: November 2016

Introduction:
One of the goals of simulation is to teach subjects critical skills and knowledge applicable to live encounters, without the risk of harming actual patients. Although simulation education has surged in medical training over the last two decades, several ethically challenging educational methods have arisen. Simulated death has arisen as one of these challenging issues and currently there is no consensus regarding how to best manage this controversial topic in the simulated environment. The goal of this review is to analyze how simulated mortality has been used and discover whether or not this tool is beneficial to learners.

Methods:
In May 2016, the authors performed a literature search on both Pubmed and the Cochrane database using multiple variations of keywords; they then searched bibliographies and related articles.

Results:
There were 901 articles acquired in the initial search. The authors eliminated articles that were not relevant to the subject matter. After adding articles from bibliographies and related articles, the authors included the 43 articles cited in this article.

Discussion:
As a result, the authors of this article believe that death, when used appropriately in simulation, can be an effective teaching tool and can be used in a responsible manner.
A Theory-Based Study of Factors Explaining General Practitioners' Intention to Use and Participation in Electronic Continuing Medical Education
Authors: Hadadgar Arash , Changiz Tahereh , Dehghani Zahra , Backheden Magnus , Mirshahzadeh Nahidalsadat , Zary Nabil , Masiello Italo 
Published: November 2016

Introduction:
Electronic modes of continuing medical education (eCME) can provide an appropriate and scalable way of updating the knowledge and skills of general practitioners (GPs). To optimize the adoption of eCME and develop efficient and cost-effective eCME programs, factors explaining GPs' intention to use eCME must first be elucidated.

Methods:
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework, we developed a questionnaire and administered it to GPs in seven CME seminars in Isfahan, Iran, in 2014. Three domains of GPs' intention to use eCME were measured: attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms. We used linear and logistic regression to identify the main predictors of intention and behavior.

Results:
GPs who had high score in perceived behavioral control and a more positive attitude toward e-learning had a higher intention to adopt it for CME. In contrast, subjective norms (eg, social pressures to use eCME) were not a predictor. Attitude toward usefulness of eCME was the main predictor of being an actual eCME user.

Discussion:
Perceived behavioral control and attitude constitute the main predictors of the intention to use eCME. Establishing discussions forums and strengthening organizational support for eCME through an increased awareness among clinical superiors and CME managers would be expected to increase GPs' intention to use eCME.
Associations of Anthropometric, Behavioral, and Social Factors on Level of Body Esteem in Peripubertal Girls
Authors: Szamreta Elizabeth A. , Qin Bo , Ohman-Strickland Pamela A. , Devine Katie A. , Stapleton Jerod L. , Ferrante Jeanne M. , Bandera Elisa V. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT:Objective:Lower body esteem may decrease self-esteem and lead to adverse health effects in children. This study explored the role of anthropometric, behavioral, and social factors on body esteem in peripubertal girls.Method:We evaluated associations of body esteem (measured by the Revised Body Esteem Scale) with body mass index (BMI), mother's BMI, puberty, physical activity, role models for appearance, and screen time among girls (ages 9 and 10) participating in the Jersey Girl Study (n = 120). Linear models were used to evaluate differences in body esteem scores.Results:Overweight/obese girls had a significantly lower mean body esteem score compared with underweight/healthy weight girls {14.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.53–15.27) vs. 17.17 (95% CI: 16.87–17.43)}. Girls who were physically active for at least 7 hours per week had a significantly higher body esteem score than those who were less active, after adjusting for BMI (17.00 [95% CI: 16.62–17.32] vs. 16.39 [95% CI: 15.82–16.86]). Girls whose mothers were overweight/obese, who had entered puberty, and who cited girls at school or females in the media as role models had lower body esteem scores, but differences disappeared after adjusting for girl's BMI. A trend of higher body esteem scores was found for girls whose mothers were role models.Conclusion:Lower BMI and higher levels of physical activity are independently associated with higher body esteem score. Having classmates or girls/women in the media as role models may detrimentally affect girls' body esteem, but having mothers as role models may have a positive effect.
The Assessment of the Risk of Unplanned Extubation in an Adult Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Aydoğan Semine , Kaya Nurten 
Published: November 2016

Background:
In order to plan and implement nursing intervention to reduce the incidence rate of unplanned extubation problem in the intensive care unit (ICU), it is necessary to determine the risk factors of unplanned extubation and the patients under risk.

Aims:
This study was undertaken with the aim of evaluating the risk of unplanned extubation of endotracheal tube in adult ICU.

Design:
This was a case-control study.

Methods:
The population constituted patients hospitalized in the adult ICU during 1-year period in a university hospital. The sample from this population was composed of patients whose extubation was unplanned (30 patients) and the randomly selected patients (60 patients) who were intubated at the same time in the ICU for each patient whose extubation was unplanned. In data collection, the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II were utilized.

Findings:
According to the findings, the variables such as sex, age, mechanical ventilation period, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Glasgow Coma Scale scores did not have any effect on the unplanned extubation, but variables such as internal medicine diseases and Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale did have an effect. It was also revealed that there was no extubation plan in most of the unplanned extubation group, the nurse was anticipating the unplanned extubation, the patient was intubated again, and a complication occurred.

Conclusion:
The patients who are provided inadequate sedation and analgesia and who have problems in their respiratory system are under risk of unplanned extubation.

Relevance to Clinical Practice:
In order to prevent unplanned extubation, an adequate amount of sedation and private nursing care should be provided to patients in the ICU.
Team-Based Learning Improves Staff Nurses’ Knowledge of Open- and Closed-Chest Cardiac Surgical Resuscitation
Authors: McRae Marion E. , Chan Alice , Lee Ai Jin , Hulett Renee , Coleman Bernice 
Published: November 2016

Background:
There are few reports of the use of 1-session team-based learning (TBL) in hospital settings and none to teach cardiac surgical resuscitation (CSR).

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate whether 1-session TBL is an effective method to increase nursing knowledge of CSR.

Methods:
The participating subjects viewed a PowerPoint presentation about CSR prior to the learning session. Participants completed a 16-item individual readiness assessment test. Immediately after, participants in groups of 3 completed the same 16-item test as a team using the Immediate Feedback Assessment Technique form. Participants were asked open-ended questions about their concerns with CSR, which were analyzed with a grounded theory approach.

Results:
The sample consisted of 60 subjects (54 completing all phases). Team-based learning significantly increased scores from 36.93 (SD, 8.49) to 50.89 (SD, 5.29), t
53 = −13.05, P < .001. There was a significant increase in scores (t
46 = 2.13, P = .04) among the noncohesive groups from baseline (52.88 [SD, 3.29]) versus the cohesive groups (50.38 [SD, 4.73]). The qualitative data indicated that the subjects had worries/concerns and lack of self-confidence around CSR.

Discussion:
Team-based learning is a feasible method to use for single-session education where team building is also required. Noncohesive groups may benefit from TBL, from discussing divergent viewpoints to reach a consensus. Additional studies are needed to compare preferences for TBL with other teaching methods.
CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHYLIKE MIMICKING MULTIFOCAL VITELLIFORM MACULAR DYSTROPHY: AN OCULAR SIDE EFFECT OF MITOGEN/EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL–REGULATED KINASE INHIBITORS
Authors: Giuffrè Chiara , Miserocchi Elisabetta , Modorati Giulio , Carnevali Adriano , Marchese Alessandro , Querques Lea , Querques Giuseppe , Bandello Francesco 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
To describe a case of multiple detachments of the neurosensory retina mimicking multifocal vitelliform macular dystrophy after chemotherapy with mitogen/extracellular signal–regulated kinase inhibitor for metastatic ovarian cancer.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 38-year-old woman presented to our clinic for eye examination before the initiation of chemotherapy with trametinib. One month after starting treatment, the patient complained of vision loss and metamorphopsia in both eyes. Best-corrected visual acuity decreased from 20/20 at baseline to 20/32 in both eyes, and fundus examination revealed multiple detachments of the neurosensory retina with vitelliformlike appearance, involving the central macula and the posterior pole with a circular distribution along the retinal vascular arcades. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed widespread thickening of the interdigitation zone, particularly in areas with and without detachments, and also some hyporeflective fluid accumulating beneath the detached retina. Mitogen/extracellular signal–regulated kinase inhibitor therapy was discontinued, and after 1 week, best-corrected visual acuity recovered to 20/20 bilaterally, with complete resolution of the serous retinal detachments and normalization of interdigitation zone.

Conclusion:
The development of a central serous chorioretinopathylike retinopathy is a relatively common secondary event of mitogen/extracellular signal–regulated kinase inhibitors therapy, and typically, it resolves after the discontinuation of the treatment. Our case is peculiar in that the lesions were bilateral, involving the central macula and the posterior pole with a circular distribution along the retinal vascular arcades and in that the interdigitation zone showed a widespread thickening at spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, mimicking multifocal vitelliform macular dystrophy.
Measurement of Radial Peripapillary Capillary Density in the Normal Human Retina Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum , Sivaswamy Jayanthi , Gamalapati Jahnavi Sai , Agraharam Satish Gooty , Balakrishna Nagalla 
Published: November 2016

Aim:
To image the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and measure its capillary density (CD) in the normal human retina.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-two normal participants underwent OCTA imaging with RTVue XR 100 Avanti OCT. The angioflow enface RPCs network was extracted from OCTA and 8 peripapillary sectors with a sector angle of 45 degrees were selected for quantitative analysis: superior nasal, superior temporal, temporal upper, temporal lower, nasal upper, nasal lower, inferior nasal, and inferior temporal. CD was measured within a 3.4-mm circle diameter around the optic nerve head (ONH) using the Bar-Selective Combination of Shifted Filter Responses method.

Results:
Using OCTA, the RPC network was visualized with excellent detail as a distinctive pattern of parallel, long, uniform-diameter vessels around ONH, oriented parallel to the retinal nerve fiber layer. The mean overall RPC density within the circle diameter of 3.4 mm around ONH was 0.21±0.053 (95% confidence interval: 0.204-0.216). The CD at the superior temporal (0.243±0.045) and inferior temporal (0.242±0.047) sectors was higher (P<0.05) when compared with the other sectors. Age, sex (P=0.7), and disc size (P=0.3) did not have a significant effect on CD measurement.

Conclusions:
We imaged and describe a reproducible method to measure the RPC density, which would help us to understand the role of this vascular bed in the functioning of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Our study demonstrated that there was symmetry in superior and inferior corresponding pair sectors with respect to the horizontal meridian and symmetry between paired sectors at the nasal and temporal poles with respect to the vertical meridian.
Effect of Cyclopentolate on In Vivo Schlemm Canal Microarchitecture in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Rosman Michael S. , Skaat Alon , Chien Jason L. , Ghassibi Mark P. , Sarimiye Tarela F. , Ritch Robert , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Park Sung Chul 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
To characterize the in vivo effect of cyclopentolate on the microstructure of Schlemm canal (SC) in healthy eyes.

Methods:
For healthy subjects, 81 serial horizontal enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography B-scans (interval between scans, ∼35 μm) of the nasal corneoscleral limbal area were obtained before and 1 hour after cyclopentolate 1% administration in 1 eye. The structures of aqueous and blood vessels in each scan were used as landmarks to select 50 overlapping scans between the 2 sets of 81 serial scans (before and after cyclopentolate administration). The SC cross-sectional area was measured in each of the 50 selected scans. After 3-dimensional reconstruction, SC volume was determined.

Results:
Twelve eyes (12 healthy subjects) were imaged successfully before and after cyclopentolate administration. Mean age was 27.8±4.9 years (range, 25 to 38 y). Following cyclopentolate administration, mean intraocular pressure did not change significantly (13.9±1.5 to 14.2±1.5 mm Hg; P=0.19). Mean SC cross-sectional area decreased by 17%, from 3563±706 to 2959±460 μm2 (P<0.001). Mean SC volume in the overlapping area (approximately 1.7 mm of circumferential length of SC) decreased from 6,164,061±1,220,787 to 5,119,462±794,763 μm3 (P<0.001). The decrease in the mean SC cross-sectional area after cyclopentolate administration was greater in eyes with larger baseline SC cross-sectional area (P<0.001, R=0.873).

Conclusions:
Cyclopentolate causes a reduction in SC dimensions in healthy eyes. Future studies are warranted to determine the exact mechanism(s) of this change.
Impact of a general practitioners’ strike and of terrorist attacks on a call centre
Authors: Reuter Paul-Georges , Orsini Charlotte , Grave Mélanie , Linval Frédéric , Akodad Hayatte , Goix Laurent , Adnet Frédéric , Lapostolle Frédéric 
Published: November 2016

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the impact of the same-day GPs’ strike and terrorist attacks on a call centre’s activity.

Methods
We compared the number of calls received, the number of patient’s medical files (PMFs) created and the number of mobile ICU (MICU) dispatched per hour on Friday, 13 November, to the repository established on the five previous Fridays. As previously published, the variation criterion was set to an activity variation above 20% for more than 2 h.

Results
On Friday, 13 November, 1745 calls were received compared with 1455 calls, on average, for the five previous Fridays. The number of calls received increased after the terrorist attacks (≤90%) and remained above the threshold for 3 h. The number of PMFs exceeded the threshold from 10:00 a.m. to 05:00 p.m., but was not affected by the attacks. The number of MICUs dispatched exceeded the threshold (>500%) in the first hour after the attacks.

Conclusion
The GPs’ strike and the terrorist attacks did not impact our call centre’s activity in the same manner. The strike increased the number of PMFs without increasing the number of calls received. The attacks increased the number of calls received and MICU dispatched without increasing the number of PMFs. Many markers are at the disposal of call centres to evaluate the impact of healthcare events.
Pneumatosis Intestinalis Due to Child Abuse
Authors: Deutsch Stephanie Anne , Christian Cindy W. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) and the presence of portal venous gas (PVG) are commonly considered pathognomonic for necrotizing enterocolitis in the neonatal period; however, these 2 radiographic findings have been documented in all age groups in a variety of clinical settings and medical conditions including respiratory, cardiac, rheumatologic, gastrointestinal disorders, and traumatic injury. In children, intramural dissection of intestinal gas in the absence of clinical symptoms suggestive of necrotizing enterocolitis should raise concern for a traumatic etiology, including injuries sustained from child physical abuse. Several pediatric cases of traumatic PI and PVG have been reported; however, these cases described additional, associated abdominal injury or featured toddlers — a single case report of accidental abdominal trauma resulted in PVG in a preterm infant.
1
We report the case of a neonatal victim of child physical abuse presenting with PI and PVG in the absence of other evidence of abdominal trauma.
Time-dependent-asymmetric-linear-parsimonious ancestral state reconstruction
Authors: Didier Gilles 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe time-dependent-asymmetric-linear parsimony is an ancestral state reconstruction method which extends the standard linear parsimony (a.k.a. Wagner parsimony) approach by taking into account both branch lengths and asymmetric evolutionary costs for reconstructing quantitative characters (asymmetric costs amount to assuming an evolutionary trend toward the direction with the lowest cost).A formal study of the influence of the asymmetry parameter shows that the time-dependent-asymmetric-linear parsimony infers states which are all taken among the known states, except for some degenerate cases corresponding to special values of the asymmetry parameter. This remarkable property holds in particular for the Wagner parsimony.This study leads to a polynomial algorithm which determines, and provides a compact representation of, the parametric reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree, that is for all the unknown nodes, the set of all the possible reconstructed states associated to the asymmetry parameters leading to them. The time-dependent-asymmetric-linear parsimony is finally illustrated with the parametric reconstruction of the body size of cetaceans.