bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Twitter to mine sleep related information from people who declare a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder
Authors: Dinev Mladen , Belousov Maksim , Morris Rohan , Berry Natalie , Nenadic Goran 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesOur group has investigated the occurrence of psychotic(-like) experiences (PLEs) in Twitter posts, namely auditory hallucinations. Tweets classified as potentially related to auditory hallucinations were proportionately higher between 23:00 and 5:00 in comparison to tweets not classified. This may indicate a clinically significant relationship between sleep and PLEs in the general population, a notion supported by the literature. Based on our previous investigation, the current study aimed to explore whether this methodology could be amended to generate datasets regarding sleep experiences in people who self-report a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder.
ApproachThe current investigation seeks to establish if it is feasible to generate anonymised datasets regarding sleep by extracting information from the timelines of people who self-report a psychotic diagnosis. A text mining method was implemented that utilised rule-based semantic filters that aimed to identify self-reported diagnoses. This focused on occurrences of personal and possessive pronouns to detect the subjectivity of tweets, as well as potential diagnostic verb indicators and any mentions of other related factors. For each diagnostic tweet, we collected information from user timelines. A sleep-related classifier was then implemented, which used lexical features (e.g. bag-of-words, part-of-speech tags) to predict whether a given tweet refers to sleep-related experience.
ResultsAfter training the classifier on the bag-of-words model, the most informative words which contributed to the performance of the classifier were: ‘sleep’, ‘can’t awake’, ‘never’, ‘stress’. Part-of-speech tags (e.g. verbs, adverbs) were also important features. The classification accuracy of the ‘bag-of-words’ model was better than the ‘part-of-speech’ model.
Through the method outlined herein, we were able to improve the quality of the generated datasets in comparison to the previous investigation. This methodology also facilitated the mining of individual Twitter users timelines who stated a personal diagnosis. To this end, an additional filter was implemented to identify tweets regarding sleep experience. The potential relationship between sentiment and temporality expressed in diagnosis and sleep experiences are also discussed.
ConclusionsThe results from this study have implications for mental health research on Twitter. Specifically, the refinements in the methodology enabled retrieval of two high quality datasets regarding psychosis and sleep. Therefore it is feasible other psychosis-related phenomena (e.g. visual hallucinations, delusions, medication) could also be applied as separate filters to create one dataset of psychosis-related experiences within individuals diagnosed with psychosis.
Social Housing and Health in Manitoba
Authors: Smith Mark , Finlayson Greg , Martens Patricia , Dunn Jim , Prior Heather , Taylor Carole , Soodeen Ruth-Ann , Hinds Aynslie , Burchill Charles , Guenette Wendy 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectiveFourteen years of social housing data (1995-2008) were acquired from the provincial government. This allowed for an unprecedented opportunity to describe the population of individuals living in social housing and, through data linkage, to compare them to the rest of the province on a number of health and social indicators.
ApproachUsing data from the entire population of the province of Manitoba, Canada, cross-sectional comparison were made between those living in social housing and those not on 19 indicators of morbidity, mortality, health care utilization and social development. Regression models were developed to control for age, sex, region of residence, comorbidities, income and neighborhood level SES.
Results50% of the population in social housing are under the age 20, 75% are female and 50% of applicants receive some form of income assistance. As expected there are significant differences on most health status measures when compared to individuals not in social housing. However, after controlling for confounding factors most differences between the two groups disappear indicating that there is no independent effect of living in social housing. A few exceptions were noted on measures of total respiratory morbidity, mammography and high school completion rates, the later showing a very significant interaction with neighborhood level SES.
ConclusionDespite overall poor health status, after controlling for income and other confounding factors individuals in social housing score no worse on many measures of health care utilization and prevention. High school completion rates, in particular, showed a very strong interaction with neighborhood level SES. Policy implications of this research are discussed.
Policies to Optimize Physician Billing Data in Academic Alternative Relationship Payment Plans: Practices and Perspectives
Authors: Cunningham Ceara Tess , Quan Hude , Jette Nathalie , Noseworthy Tom , Decoster Carolyn 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesChanges in physician reimbursement policies may hinder the collection of billing claims in administrative databases. Various provincial academic alternative payment programs (APPs) use incentive- or punitive-based tools to motivate physicians to submit billing claims called shadow billings; however, these incentives are not well documented in the literature. We conducted a nation-wide survey and semi-structured face-to-face interviews in Alberta, Canada to determine existing policies and guidelines for incentivizing and promoting physician billing practices.
ApproachMail and online surveys were sent out to academic department head physicians in the following provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in the province of Alberta with managers, government stakeholders, and physicians/administrators from academic APPs and Fee-for-Service plans. Face-to-face interviews and responses by mail and email submission were summarized using content analysis grouped by question type.
ResultsIn total, there were 46 respondents (15 interviews, 26 mail/online). Content analysis revealed three primary perspectives, grouped at the level of individual physician, academic, and government. Across all of these unique perspectives, three primary themes emerged: 1) governance; 2) accountability; and 3) funding. Within these themes, findings were categorized as either (a) instruments or tools to promote physician billing in AAPPs; (b) enabling factors to support physician billing in AAPPs; and, (c) constraining factors impeding physician billing in AAPPs.
ConclusionAccording to the majority of our respondents, financial disincentives (i.e. income at risk, financial clawbacks) appear to be most effective as a mechanism to motivate physicians within an academic APP to submit their billings. However, key barriers to successful implementation and delivery of academic APPs include a lack of alignment between government stakeholders, academic leadership and APP physician members and differences in the organizational and accountability structures of APP plans between academic facilities. It is necessary in moving forward to achieve commonly defined standards and frameworks between the various APP models across provinces and academic institutions.
Effect of sampling period on the numbers of children and young people with a life limiting condition in stable, unstable, deteriorating and dying stages
Authors: Jarvis Stuart , Fraser Lorna 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine stage of condition (stable, unstable, deteriorating or dying) for children and young people (CYP) aged 0-25 years in Scotland with a life limiting condition (LLC) and to analyse the effects of different sampling periods on estimates of CYP in each group.
ApproachA national cohort of 20436 CYP with a LLC, resident in Scotland between 1 April 2009 and 30 March 2014, was identified from linked routinely collected healthcare data. Stage of condition was determined using the Scottish Morbidity Record (inpatient dataset), Scottish death register and Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network (PICANet) database. Transitions were defined as: unstable stage – an emergency inpatient admission that lasted 48 hours or more; unstable phase – any emergency PICU admission; dying – last 28 days before death. CYP were stable if alive and not in one of the other stages. Transitions between stages of condition were determined for each cohort member and most severe stage determined on a 1, 3, 6 and 12-month basis. Numbers in each stage were determined overall and by age group. A monthly mean of the daily numbers in each stage of condition was also determined.
ResultsOver 2200 CYP were unstable, deteriorating or dying in each year. In 2010/11, most severe stage of condition was stable for 10678 (83%); unstable for 1816 (14%); deteriorating for 253 (2%) and dying for 183 (1%). Over shorter periods the stable fraction increased: using a one month sampling period (April 2010) the most severe stages of condition were: 1990 (97%) of CYP stable, 367 (3%) unstable, 33 (0.3%) deteriorating and 17 (0.1%) dying. However, the yearly figures for instability were lower (e.g. 1816 were unstable as most severe stage in 2010/11) than the sum of monthly totals (summing monthly figures for 2010/2011, 4367 were unstable). On an average day (mean for April 2010) 12222 (99%) were stable; 135 (1%) unstable; 14 (0.1%) deteriorating and ≤5 (<0.1%) dying. The effects of changing sampling period were greatest for under 1 year olds.
ConclusionThe differences dependent on the sampling period show the degree of variability in the group of patients experiencing instability, with different individuals having periods of instability at different points in the year, but also some individuals having multiple episodes of instability. In informing healthcare provision and planning, it is important to understand these differences in numbers in each category across different time periods.
A species on a tightrope: Establishment limitations of an endangered lichen in a fragmented Mediterranean landscape
Authors: Cardós Juan Luis H. , Aragón Gregorio , Martínez Isabel 
Published: April 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Habitat loss and forest fragmentation affect the dispersal and establishment of species. Furthermore, populations growing far from the species’ optimal climate might be less viable because good‐quality habitat can be scarce and easily altered by smaller changes. The lichenPectenia plumbeahas oceanic climatic requirements, so in the Mediterranean region it needs the humidity provided by well‐preserved forests to thrive, but most of this habitat has disappeared and the remnants are fragmented. In central Spain, this species occupies only a small proportion of the existing forests, so we aimed to determine whether this scattered distribution is due to limitations on dispersal or establishment.METHODS:We selected a Mediterranean fragmented forest surface in central Spain and extracted environmental variables from 371 plots. We modeled the presence and abundance ofP. plumbeaand developed species distribution models (SDMs) to detect all the suitable habitats inside the Cabañeros National Park area.KEY RESULTS:Pectenia plumbeawas present in most of the habitats predicted as good‐quality and was generally absent from the poor‐quality zones (85.9% overall success). The abundance correlated fairly well with that predicted by the SDM (67%). Both models show thatP. plumbeais linked to high temperature and precipitation.CONCLUSIONS:Good‐quality habitat requirements forP. plumbeathat are similar to oceanic conditions are found only in specific forested, stony slopes derived from historical land management. This habitat is scarce, butP. plumbeahas successfully tracked all of these scattered areas via its high dispersal capacity.
AIM2 Inflammasome Is Critical for Influenza-Induced Lung Injury and Mortality
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Luo Jiadi , Alcorn John F. , Chen Kong , Fan Songqing , Pilewski Joseph , Liu Aizhong , Chen Wei , Kolls Jay K. , Wang Jieru 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome plays an important role in many viral and bacterial infections, but very little is known about its role in RNA virus infection, including influenza A virus (IAV). In this study, we have designed in vivo and in vitro studies to determine the role of AIM2 in infections with lethal doses of IAVs A/PR8/34 and A/California/07/09. In wild-type mice, IAV infection enhanced AIM2 expression, induced dsDNA release, and stimulated caspase-1 activation and release of cleaved IL-1β in the lung, which was significantly reduced in AIM2-deficient mice. Interestingly, AIM2 deficiency did not affect the transcription of caspase-1 and IL-1β. In addition, AIM2-deficient mice exhibited attenuated lung injury and significantly improved survival against IAV challenges, but did not alter viral burden in the lung. However, AIM2 deficiency did not seem to affect adaptive immune response against IAV infections. Furthermore, experiments with AIM2-specific small interfering RNA–treated and AIM2-deficient human and mouse lung alveolar macrophages and type II cells indicated a macrophage-specific function of AIM2 in regulation of IAV-stimulated proinflammatory response. Collectively, our results demonstrate that influenza infection activates the AIM2 inflammasome, which plays a critical role in IAV-induced lung injury and mortality. AIM2 might serve as a therapeutic target for combating influenza-associated morbidity and mortality without compromising the host antiviral responses.
The universal imperial power of the Christian Text and yet the vulnerability of its message
Authors: Meylahn Johann-Albrecht 
Published: April 2017

Is there anything outside the Christian Text or is the Christian Text all there is? The article will argue that the Christian Text has formed and shaped Western thinking to such an extent that it is impossible to think in the global world, co-created by various Western texts, without Christianity. The fact that the West colonised the world, and that today the Western media dominates the language of the global village, makes it nearly impossible to think outside the Christian Text and thus the universal domination by the Text. This article will first argue that for the Western-influenced world, there is nothing beyond the Christian Texts, and then it will argue that although this Text has universal (global) dominance, there is an interpretation of its central message as a message of weakness and vulnerability, which challenges (deconstructs) its imperialism. This leads towards the question: what is a possible praxis of such a universal and ‘imperial’ Text with its message of vulnerable weakness, specifically from a post-colonial context like South Africa?
A prospective study to compare the measured glomerular filtration rate compared to estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients undergoing definitive chemoradiation, with platinum agents for various malignancies
Authors: Rudresh A. H. , Asati Vikas , Lakshmaiah K. C. , Lokanatha D. , Babu Suresh , Rajeev L. K. , Lokesh K. N. , Babu Govind 
Published: April 2017

Context:
Renal function assessment is of paramount importance before using the platinum agents especially cisplatin. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation by diethyl-triamine-penta-acetic acid (DTPA) scan (measured GFR [mGFR]) is considered gold standard.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to know if we can replace the mGFR with the GFR estimation with Cockcroft–Gault formula (eGFR) in patients undergoing chemoradiation.

Settings and Design:
This is a prospective, descriptive study.

Subjects and Methods:
Patients who are planned for definitive chemoradiation will be eligible for the study. Renal function will be measured DTPA scan and Cockcroft–Gault (CG) formula. Subgroup analysis based on the weight, age, and sex will be done.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Demographic and renal function parameters were analyzed using summary measures. To test the significance of the difference between mGFR and cGFR, a paired t-test will be used; to look for an association between various estimates of renal function, the Pearson's correlation coefficient will be calculated using a two-tailed test.

Results:
Median mGFR of patients was 82.7 (range: 65–125 ml/min, standard deviation [SD] =14.0 ml/min) while the median eGFR as per the CG formula was 83.9 ml/min (range: 37–137 ml/min, SD = 24.4 ml/min). The median mGFR was only 1.2 ml/min lesser when measures by the CG formula with no significance difference between them (P = 0.66, 95% confidence interval: −4.5–6.3).

Conclusions:
We concluded that in resource-limited setting eGFR using CG formula can replace mGFR, especially in patients with age <60 years. Although weight did not showed a significant difference by two methods, a study with large sample is needed to confirm the result.
Introduction to the Living Building Challenge
Authors: Hassan Amira S. Ayoub 
Published: April 2017

I am working with the International Living Future Institute as an Ambassador Presenter, and recently I have become a Collaborative Facilitator in the Ambassador Network, providing educational resources for the Living Building Challenge. The Living Building Challenge is the visionary path to a restorative future, the description of which is provided by the Institute on the organization's website: www.livingbuildingchallenge.org. The Institute describes the Living Building Challenge in the following way.The Living Building Challenge defines the most advanced measure of sustainability in the built environment possible today and acts to minimize the gap between current limits and ideal solutions. This certification program covers all buildings at all scales and is a unified tool for transformative design, allowing us to envision a future that is socially just, culturally rich, and ecologically restorative. Whether your project is a single building, a park, a college campus, or even a complete neighborhood community, the Living Building Challenge provides a framework for design, construction, and the symbiotic relationship between people and all aspects of the built environment. The Institute has provided a very informative and inspiring one-hour PowerPoint presentation for ambassador presenters to use it as an educational tool. As this is a volunteer effort, the program was free of cost. The attendees are also eligible for one AIA/GBCI Learning Unit.
The contribution of human in the service of the sustainable green buildings – Gyms
Authors: Darabseh Monjed , Obeidat Islam 
Published: April 2017

Sustainable or green architecture is a general term describing the environmentally conscious design techniques in the field of architecture, which is a way of designing buildings. In a way it respects the environment, by reducing energy consumption, materials and resources while minimizing the effect of construction and its use on the environment, organizing the relationship with nature.There is an important role to be played in long-term sustainability in everyday life. There are many ways for saving energy in all areas of life; for example, we can find a way to use the energy generated by the sport machines that save energy.In this paper, we discuss the importance of designing gyms in a way that it saves energy, while working on spreading this type of gyms in all sustainable green buildings and making it one of the basic products for energy. For the success of this project and design, we must urge the human side to exercise.Q. What are the ingredients to be used for the success of this design?Q. What are the methods of awareness and goodness for using gyms as a daily use?Data on sustainable design were collected from published scientific research during the last five years, and applied the information obtained to design a sustainable gym.After studying numerous subjects about energy-saving and its importance especially in the gyms at sustainable green buildings, we concluded that the sport machines should be linked to power generators to convert kinetic energy to electrical energy to be used in these buildings. We get a sustainable green building using the human resource. The importance of sustainable design lies in designing gyms through energy-saving and productivity of sport equipment to provide a healthy and athletic environment within the gyms.
Current status of ‘ghaf trees’ Prosopis cineraria (sw.) D.c. in the State of Qatar
Authors: Elazazi Elsayed Mohamed , Al-Mohannadi Rashed , Al-Qahtani Maryam , Shahsil Nafeesath , Al-Kuwari Aisha , Al-Marri Masoud 
Published: April 2017

Climatic changes exert additional pressure on biodiversity, the impacts on native species include changes in distribution, and abundance. As well as the spread of exotic invasive Prosopis juliflora. This research aimed to surveying, evaluating the current status of Prosopis Cineraria trees in the State of Qatar, collecting seeds, determination seeds viability and conservation in the Qatar gene bank for short and long term-conservation. Three different sites were studied considered for natural distribution of P. cineraria trees in Qatar. Gene bank playing a vital role to survey, conservation and documentation of biodiversity of plant genetic resources of the flora of Qatar, international standard methods were used to conserving P. cineraria including seed bank, DNA bank, and herbarium. The results of our study indicated that the P. cineraria distributed in 3 main sites in the state of Qatar the first site in al ghafat “rawdat rashed” a stand of 7 trees, the trees very endangered by the hyper-arid stress, and over grazing. The second group in north of Qatar “rawdat makin or ghafat makin” this site have sporadic 11 trees in good growing conditions, but trees have threatened by exotic invasive P. juliflora and human activities. The third site on the road from north road to Al Zubarah historical site after 5.4 Km from Al-Ghwoyriyah, we recorded 7 small trees on this site with high threatened by P. juliflora community. The results showed the seeds that have been collected from north of Qatar from rawdat ghafat makin with high quality in the seed size, weight of 100 seeds, number of seeds in the legume, and seed showed with high germination percentage 98% after treatment with mechanical scarification by removing part of the seed coat. Long-term monitoring “2012–2016” of rawdat ghafat makin vegetation showed a general decline in the coverage and frequency of some native species and deterioration in wild ghaf P. Cineraria, on the other hand, we record rapidly growing of the invasive plant P. juliflora, increased number of seedlings, increased of plant distribution and plant cover of the soil. Finally, we recommended removing P. juliflora and protect P. cineraria in studied site in north of Qatar, based on our study results we got a permit from minister of ministry of municipality and environment to protect ghafat makin site.