bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of equilibrative nucleoside transporter(s) to intestinal basolateral and apical transports of anticancer trifluridine
Authors: Takahashi Koichi , Yoshisue Kunihiro , Chiba Masato , Nakanishi Takeo , Tamai Ikumi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTrifluridine (FTD) exhibits anticancer activities after its oral administration despite its hydrophilic nature. It was previously reported that concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) 1 mediates the apical uptake of FTD in human small intestinal epithelial cells (HIECs). In the present study, FTD was also identified as a substrate for equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) 1 and ENT2 in transporter gene‐transfected cells. An immunocytochemical analysis revealed that ENT1 was expressed at the basolateral and apical membranes of HIECs. Cellular accumulation increased in the presence of S‐(4‐nitrobenzyl)‐6‐thioinosine (NBMPR), an ENT selective inhibitor. Cytotoxicity in HIEC monolayers at low FTD concentrations was increased by NBMPR, and this may have been due to inhibition of the ENT‐mediated basolateral transport of FTD by NBMPR. These results suggest that ENTs reduce the intestinal cytotoxicity of FTD by facilitating its basolateral efflux. On the other hand, the intracellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of FTD in HIECs were decreased at higher concentrations of FTD by NBMPR, and this may have been due to the NBMPR inhibition of the apical uptake of FTD, which has been suggested to be mediated by CNTs and ENTs. In conclusion, ENTs were responsible for intestinal transepithelial permeation by mediating the basolateral efflux of FTD after its uptake by CNT1 from the apical side, resulting in decreases in its intracellular accumulation and intestinal toxicity in humans. Equilibrative nucleoside transporters may also partially contribute to the low‐affinity uptake of FTD across the apical membrane along with high‐affinity CNT1.
Comparative genomics and transcriptomics analysis‐guided metabolic engineering of Propionibacterium acidipropionici for improved propionic acid production
Authors: Guan Ningzi , Du Bin , Li Jianghua , Shin Hyun‐dong , Chen Rachel R. , Du Guocheng , Chen Jian , Liu Long 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAcid stress induced by the accumulation of organic acids during the fermentation of propionibacteria is a severe limitation in the microbial production of propionic acid (PA). To enhance the acid resistance of strains, the tolerance mechanisms of cells must first be understood. In this study, comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted on wild‐type and acid‐tolerant Propionibacterium acidipropionici to reveal the microbial response of cells to acid stress during fermentation. Combined with the results of previous proteomic and metabolomic studies, several potential acid‐resistance mechanisms of P. acidipropionici were analyzed. Energy metabolism and transporter activity of cells were regulated to maintain pH homeostasis by balancing transmembrane transport of protons and ions; redundant protons were eliminated by enhancing the metabolism of certain amino acids for a relatively stable intracellular microenvironment; and protective mechanism of macromolecules were also induced to repair damage to proteins and DNA by acids. Transcriptomic data indicated that the synthesis of acetate and lactate were undesirable in the acid‐resistant mutant, the expression of which was 2.21‐fold downregulated. In addition, metabolomic data suggested that the accumulation of lactic acid and acetic acid reduced the carbon flow to PA and led to a decrease in pH. On this basis, we propose a metabolic engineering strategy to regulate the synthesis of lactic acid and acetic acid that will reduce by‐products significantly and increase the PA yield by 12.2% to 10.31 ± 0.84 g/g DCW. Results of this study provide valuable guidance to understand the response of bacteria to acid stress and to construct microbial cell factories to produce organic acids by combining systems biology technologies with synthetic biology tools.
Identification of absorbed constituents and in vivo metabolites in rats after oral administration of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii by ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Feng Xinchi , Huo Xiaoguang , Liu Hongxia , Chai Liwei , Ding Liqin , Qiu Feng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe calyces of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii (Chinese Lantern, JDL) are well‐known as traditional Chinese medicine owing to its various therapeutic effects. However, the bioactive constituents responsible for the pharmacological effects of JDL and their metabolites in vivo are still unclear to date. In this paper, an ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS/MS) method was established to identify absorbed constituents and in vivo metabolites in rat biological fluids after oral administration of JDL. Based on the proposed strategy, 33 compounds were observed in dosed rat biosamples. Twelve of 33 compounds were indicated as prototype components of JDL, and 21 compounds were predicted to be metabolites of JDL. Finally, the metabolic pathways were proposed, which were glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation and dehydroxylation for flavonoid constituents and sulfonation and hydroxylation for physalin consitituents. This is the first systematic study on the absorbed constituents and metabolic profiling of JDL and will provide a useful template for screening and characterizing the ingredients and metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine.
Simultaneous determination of usnic, diffractaic, evernic and barbatic acids in rat plasma by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Wang Hanxue , Yang Tao , Cheng Xuemei , Kwong Sukfan , Liu Chenghai , An Rui , Li Guowen , Wang Xinhong , Wang Changhong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUsnea longissima Ach. (Usnea) is used in pharmaceuticals, food and cosmetics. Evernic acid (EA), barbatic acid (BA), diffractaic acid (DA) and usnic acid (UA) are the most typical ingredients in U. longissima and exert a wide variety of biological functions. The study aimed to develop a sensitive method for simultaneous analysis of EA, BA, DA and UA in rat plasma and was applied to pharmacokinetic studies after consumption of UA and ethanol extract from U. longissima (UE). The samples were separated on a BEH C18 column by gradient elution with 0.5% formic acid in water and in methanol. The relative molecular masses of analytes were obtained in full‐scan range from 50.0 to 750.0 m/z under negative ionization mode by UPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap MS. All validation parameters, such as lower limit of quantitation, linearity, specificity, precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability, were within acceptable ranges and the method was appropriate for biological specimen analysis. The pharmacokinetic results indicated that the absolute bioavailabilities of UA after oral administration of UA and UE reached 69.2 and 146.9%, respectively. Compared with UA in UE, the relative bioavailability of DA, BA and EA reached 103.7, 10.4 and 0.7% after oral administration of UE.
l‐Dopa/carbidopa intestinal gel and subthalamic nucleus stimulation: Effects on cognition and behavior
Authors: Valldeoriola Francesc , Santacruz Pilar , Ríos José , Compta Yaroslau , Rumià Jordi , Muñoz José Esteban , Martí María José , Tolosa Eduardo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveIn Parkinson's disease (PD), effects on behavior and cognition of levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) and subthalamic stimulation (STN‐DBS) and their practical consequences remain controversial. This study was designed to analyze the possible effects of these therapies on cognition and behavior after 1 year follow‐up.MethodsThis was an open‐label, nonrandomized prospective study for pre‐ and postintervention analyses. Twenty‐four patients were considered eligible to be candidates for complex therapies such as STN‐DBS or LCIG; 23 patients treated with standard medication were included as controls. Several cognitive, behavioral, and motor scales were administered before and at 6 and 12 months after the intervention.ResultsPatients treated with LCIG experienced significant improvement in specific neuropsychological functions when compared with patients receiving STN‐DBS and conventional medical treatment after 1 year from the onset of the intervention. In this study, no significant cognitive or behavioral changes occurred in patients treated with subthalamic stimulation when compared to patients receiving conventional medical treatment at 1 year follow‐up.ConclusionsPatients treated with LCIG may significantly improve some specific neuropsychological functions when compared with patients receiving STN‐DBS and with patients receiving conventional medical treatment after 1 year from the intervention; there are not significant cognitive or behavioral changes in patients treated with STN‐DBS when compared to PD patients receiving conventional medical treatment after 1 year from the intervention. The outcomes showed in the study can help to the selection of the appropriate candidates for STN‐DBS and LCIG.
Cardiac tamponade occurred after endoscopic submucosal dissection: conservative management of the esophagopericardial fistula
Authors: Bona Davide , Saino Greta Isabella , Medda Massimo , Panizzo Valerio , Micheletto Giancarlo 
Published: October 2017

Key Clinical MessageWe describe the case of an esophagopericardial fistula generated after endoscopic submucosal dissection in a patient affected by a superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma immediately treated with percutaneous pericardial drainage and placement of a partially covered self‐expanding metal stent that has been removed using the stent‐in‐stent technique after 35 days.
Nickel‐Substituted Copper Hexacyanoferrate as a Superior Cathode for Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Wanfeng , Zhang Fang , Xiang Xingde , Zhang Xiucheng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCopper‐based hexacyanoferrates have received important interest as cathode candidates for aqueous sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), owing to the room‐temperature synthesis route, fast reaction kinetics, and high working potential. However, they suffer from insufficient cycling performance in medium aqueous electrolytes. Herein, a nickel‐substituted copper hexacyanoferrate (Na2Cu0.6Ni0.4[Fe(CN)6]) is reported as a superior cathode for aqueous SIBs, which is developed by studying the effect of Ni substitution on the electrochemical properties of Na2Cu1‐xNix[Fe(CN)6] (0≤x≤1) series. It exhibits a reversible capacity of 62 mAh g−1 and an average working potential of 0.62 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at a current rate of 0.5 C. Even though being cycled at a high current rate of 10 C, it can achieve a discharge capacity of 56 mAh g−1 and render a capacity retention of 96 % after 1000 cycles. Relative to most previously reported cathode materials, the material shows superior overall performance including improved specific energy, outstanding high‐rate capability, and excellent cycling performance. This indicates that Na2Cu0.6Ni0.4[Fe(CN)6] is a promising cathode candidate for aqueous SIBs.
WO3 Mesoporous Nanobelts towards Efficient Photoelectrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Song Kai , Gao Fengmei , Yang Weiyou , Wang Enyan , Wang Zhenxia , Hou Huilin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the present work, we reported the exploration of photoanodes based on mesoporous WO3 nanobelts through a foaming‐assisted electrospinning strategy. The introduced polyvinylpyrrolidone in the raw solutions played a determining role on the formation of the nanobelts, enabling their fabrication in a controlled manner. The as‐fabricated mesoporous WO3 nanobelts exhibited a photocurrent density of 311 μA cm−2 and incident photon‐to‐current eﬃciency of 6.5 % at 350 nm and 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl under simulated sunlight illumination, which are 2.3 times to that of cylindrical nanofibers. Furthermore, our discovery confirmed that, in comparison to the conventionally cylindrical nanofibers, the nanobelts with a rectangular cross section could be a better candidate for constructing photoanodes with enhanced photoelectrochemical efficiency and stability.
Study of oil‐soluble and water‐soluble drag reducing polymers in multiphase flows
Authors: Alsurakji Ihab , Al‐Sarkhi Abdelsalam , Atiqullah Muhammad , Alhems Luai , El Nakla Meamer 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMultiphase flow industrial applications require reduced frictional pressure drop (drag) and lower operating costs. Drag reducing polymers (DRPs), which do not require additional infrastructure, meet this requirement. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of water‐soluble polar ZETAG® 8165 and nonpolar oil‐soluble polyisobutylene (PIB) DRPs on pressure gradient and percentage drag reduction using two‐phase air‐water and air‐oil flows, and three‐phase air‐oil‐water flow. The conduit comprised a 22.5 mm I.D. and 2.48 m long horizontal pipe. The fluid flow pattern and DRP shear stability were also studied. The functional mechanism of DRP, not adequately addressed in the literature, was especially revisited. This work suggests that the resultant interaction between the DRP state and the external environment dictates its ability for dampening turbulent eddies, streamlining the velocity field, and eventually increasing the thickness of the laminar sublayer. The DRP state includes its chemical structure and hydrodynamic size. On the other hand, the external environment comprises fluid flow pattern, polarity, phase morphology, and intensity of turbulence. Hence, the functional mode of a DRP is more involved than what the literature usually reports. ZETAG® 8165, having longer branches and ion‐pairs around the backbone, showed less shear degradation than the fairly straight‐chain PIB. The effects of these structural differences were also well‐reflected in their varying abilities to transpose flow pattern, and reduce drag and pressure gradient. For a given DRP, the air flow rate promoted or demoted the DRP performance, depending on the experimental design.
Expression patterns of ion channels and structural proteins in a multimodal cell type of the avian optic tectum
Authors: Lischka Katharina , Ladel Simone , Luksch Harald , Weigel Stefan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe midbrain is an important subcortical area involved in distinct functions such as multimodal integration, movement initiation, bottom‐up, and top‐down attention. Our group is particularly interested in cellular computation of multisensory integration. We focus on the visual part of the avian midbrain, the optic tectum (TeO, counterpart to mammalian superior colliculus). This area has a layered structure with the great advantage of distinct input and output regions. In chicken, the TeO is organized in 15 layers where visual input targets the superficial layers while auditory input terminates in deeper layers. One specific cell type, the Shepherd's crook neuron (SCN), extends dendrites in both input regions. The characteristic feature of these neurons is the axon origin at the apical dendrite. The molecular identity of this characteristic region and thus, the site of action potential generation are of particular importance to understand signal flow and cellular computation in this neuron. We present immunohistochemical data of structural proteins (NF200, Ankyrin G, and Myelin) and ion channels (Pan‐Nav, Nav1.6, and Kv3.1b). NF200 is strongly expressed in the axon. Ankyrin G is mainly expressed at the axon initial segment (AIS). Myelination starts after the AIS as well as the distribution of Nav channels on the axon. The subtype Nav1.6 has a high density in this region. Kv3.1b is restricted to the soma, the primary neurite and the axon branch. The distribution of functional molecules in SCNs provides insight into the information flow and the integration of sensory modalities in the TeO of the avian midbrain.
Opposing expression gradients of calcitonin‐related polypeptide alpha (Calca/Cgrpα) and tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) in type II afferent neurons of the mouse cochlea
Authors: Wu Jingjing Sherry , Vyas Pankhuri , Glowatzki Elisabeth , Fuchs Paul Albert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractType II spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are small caliber, unmyelinated afferents that extend dendritic arbors hundreds of microns along the cochlear spiral, contacting many outer hair cells (OHCs). Despite these many contacts, type II afferents are insensitive to sound and only weakly depolarized by glutamate release from OHCs. Recent studies suggest that type II afferents may be cochlear nociceptors, and can be excited by ATP released during tissue damage, by analogy to somatic pain‐sensing C‐fibers. The present work compares the expression patterns among cochlear type II afferents of two genes found in C‐fibers: calcitonin‐related polypeptide alpha (Calca/Cgrpα), specific to pain‐sensing C‐fibers, and tyrosine hydroxylase (Th), specific to low‐threshold mechanoreceptive C‐fibers, which was shown previously to be a selective biomarker of type II versus type I cochlear afferents (Vyas et al., ). Whole‐mount cochlear preparations from 3‐week‐ to 2‐month‐old CGRPα‐EGFP (GENSAT) mice showed expression of Cgrpα in a subset of SGNs with type II‐like peripheral dendrites extending beneath OHCs. Double labeling with other molecular markers confirmed that the labeled SGNs were neither type I SGNs nor olivocochlear efferents. Cgrpα starts to express in type II SGNs before hearing onset, but the expression level declines in the adult. The expression patterns of Cgrpα and Th formed opposing gradients, with Th being preferentially expressed in apical and Cgrpα in basal type II afferent neurons, indicating heterogeneity among type II afferent neurons. The expression of Th and Cgrpα was not mutually exclusive and co‐expression could be observed, most abundantly in the middle cochlear turn.
Artificial Photosynthetic Systems for CO2 Reduction: Progress on Higher Efficiency with Cobalt Complexes as Catalysts
Authors: Wang Feng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe conversion of CO2 into fuels or value‐added chemicals is currently a field of great research interest. Molecular cobalt catalysts have long been used as mediators of reductive transformations of CO2. In this Minireview, the cobalt complex‐based photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction are discussed and summarized, alongside progress on the design of new molecular cobalt catalysts and their performance in photocatalysis.
Regulation of glycosaminoglycan biogenesis is critical for sensitive‐period‐dependent vocal ontogeny
Authors: Mencio Caitlin P. , My Tran Vy , Quintero Maritza V. , Koketsu Mamoru , Goller Franz , Kuberan Balagurunathan 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIn the brain, the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a central role during neural development and thus modulates critical‐period regulated behavioral ontogeny. The major components of the ECM are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including chondroitin sulfate (CS). However, the specific roles of GAGs in behavioral development are largely unknown. It has been shown that xylosides affect the biological functions of GAGs through modulating GAG biosynthesis. Particularly, xylosides affect GAG biosynthesis through priming of GAG chains (priming activity), competing with endogenous core proteins that carry GAG initiation sites (decoy activity), or both. Using birdsong as our model, we investigated, for the first time, how xyloside‐mediated modulation of GAG biogenesis affects song development. Xylosides infused into motor cortex of juvenile birds alter song development by specifically affecting ontogeny of the stereotyped sequence rather than the acoustic structure of syllables. Further analyses reveal that observed changes can be attributed to the priming activity rather than the decoy activity of xylosides. Collectively, these results suggest that regulation of GAG biogenesis through chemical biology approaches may allow promising therapeutic interventions of critical‐period‐dependent central nervous system plasticity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1401–1412, 2017
Disruption of behavior and brain metabolism in artificially reared rats
Authors: Aguirre‐Benítez Elsa L. , Porras Mercedes G. , Parra Leticia , González‐Ríos Jacquelina , Garduño‐Torres Dafne F. , Albores‐García Damaris , Avendaño Arturo , Ávila‐Rodríguez Miguel A. , Melo Angel I. , Jiménez‐Estrada Ismael , Mendoza‐Garrido Ma. Eugenia , Toriz César , Diaz Daniel , Ibarra‐Coronado Elizabeth , Mendoza‐Ángeles Karina , Hernández‐Falcón Jesús 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTEarly adverse life stress has been associated to behavioral disorders that can manifest as inappropriate or aggressive responses to social challenges. In this study, we analyzed the effects of artificial rearing on the open field and burial behavioral tests and on GFAP, c‐Fos immunoreactivity, and glucose metabolism measured in anxiety‐related brain areas. Artificial rearing of male rats was performed by supplying artificial milk through a cheek cannula and tactile stimulation, mimicking the mother's licking to rat pups from the fourth postnatal day until weaning. Tactile stimulation was applied twice a day, at morning and at night, by means of a camel brush on the rat anogenital area. As compared to mother reared rats, greater aggressiveness, and boldness, stereotyped behavior (burial conduct) was observed in artificially reared rats which occurred in parallel to a reduction of GFAP immunoreactivity in somatosensory cortex, c‐Fos immunoreactivity at the amygdala and primary somatosensory cortex, and lower metabolism in amygdala (as measured by 2‐deoxi‐2‐[18fluoro]‐d‐glucose uptake, assessed by microPET imaging). These results could suggest that tactile and/or chemicalstimulifrom the mother and littermates carry relevant information for the proper development of the central nervous system, particularly in brain areas involved with emotions and social relationships of the rat. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1413–1429, 2017
Semi‐quantitative analysis of tramadol, dextromethorphan, and metabolites in decomposed skeletal tissues by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Cornthwaite H. M. , Labine L. , Watterson J. H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe use of filtration/pass‐through extraction (FPTE) and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–qTOF–MS) to detect tramadol (TRAM), dextromethorphan (DXM), and metabolites from skeletal remains is described. Rats (n=5) received 50 mg/kg tramadol and were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation approximately 30 minutes post‐dose. Rats (n=4) received 75 mg/kg dextromethorphan and were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation approximately 45 minutes post‐dose. Remains decomposed to skeleton outdoors and vertebral bones were collected. Bones were cleaned, dried, and pulverized to a fine powder. Bones underwent dynamic methanolic extraction followed by FPTE before analysis using UPLC–qTOF–MS. Recovery was at least 90% of maximal value within the first 10 minutes of methanolic extraction for all samples assayed. Analytical response was measured over the concentration range of 1–500 ng/mL, with precision and bias <20% in triplicate analyses of all calibrators, and a limit of detection of 1 ng/mL for TRAM, DXM, and all metabolites. The vertebral bone analyzed using this method detected TRAM, DXM, and their respective metabolites in all samples analyzed.