bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commentary on: Sexual and Gender Minority Health Disparities as a Social issue: How Stigma and Intergroup Relations Can Explain and Reduce Health Disparities
Authors: Link Bruce G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe broadly defined field of stigma research has made enormous advances since the watershed moment created by the publication of Goffman's (1963) influential essay. Advances have been made in the conceptualization of what stigma is, how stigmatizing circumstances differ one from another and what the origins of stigma are thought to be. Beyond this useful expansion of concepts has been a robust development of methods aimed at operationalizing important stigma dimensions. In this commentary I point out how several of the papers in this special issue further elaborate and deepen the concepts and measures that have developed since Goffman. But this special issue goes further by bringing an intergroup relations orientation to bear in a focused way. Like other major advances such as concepts and theories associated with “minority stress” and “structural stigma” the current project portends a new set of lenses for further understanding the origins and consequences of stigma.
Combination of cheminformatics and bioinformatics to explore the chemical basis of the rhizomes and aerial parts of Dioscorea nipponica Makino
Authors: Li Xu-zhao , Zhang Shuai-nan , Yang Xu-yan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objectives
This study was aimed to explore the chemical basis of the rhizomes and aerial parts of Dioscorea nipponica Makino (DN).

Methods
The pharmacokinetic profiles of the compounds from DN were calculated via ACD/I-Lab and PreADMET program. Their potential therapeutic and toxicity targets were screened through the DrugBank's or T3DB's ChemQuery structure search.

Key findings
Eleven of 48 compounds in the rhizomes and over half of the compounds in the aerial parts had moderate or good human oral bioavailability. Twenty-three of 48 compounds in the rhizomes and 40/43 compounds from the aerial parts had moderate or good permeability to intestinal cells. Forty-three of 48 compounds from the rhizomes and 18/43 compounds in the aerial parts bound weakly to the plasma proteins. Eleven of 48 compounds in the rhizomes and 36/43 compounds of the aerial parts might pass across the blood–brain barrier. Forty-three 48 compounds in the rhizomes and 18/43 compounds from the aerial parts showed low renal excretion ability. The compounds in the rhizomes possessed 391 potential therapeutic targets and 216 potential toxicity targets. Additionally, the compounds from the aerial parts possessed 101 potential therapeutic targets and 183 potential toxicity targets.

Conclusions
These findings indicated that combination of cheminformatics and bioinformatics may facilitate achieving the objectives of this study.
The reliability of pigment pattern‐based identification of wild bottlenose dolphins
Authors: Bichell Lena Marie Vetters , Krzyszczyk Ewa , Patterson Eric M , Mann Janet 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLong‐term studies often rely on natural markings for individual identification across time. The primary method for identification in small cetaceans relies on dorsal fin shape, scars, and other natural markings. However, dorsal fin markings can vary substantially over time and the dorsal fin can become unrecognizable after an encounter with a boat or shark. Although dorsal fins have the advantage in that they always break the water surface when the cetacean breathes, other physical features, such as body scars and pigmentation patterns can supplement. The goal of this study was to explore the use of dorso‐lateral pigment patterns to identify wild bottlenose dolphins. We employed photographic pigment matching tests to determine if pigmentation patterns showed (1) longitudinal consistency and (2) bilateral symmetry using a 30 yr photographic database of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus). We compared experienced dolphin researchers and inexperienced undergraduate student subjects in their ability to accurately match images. Both experienced and inexperienced subjects correctly matched dolphin individuals at a rate significantly above chance, even though they only had 10 s to make the match. These results demonstrate that pigment patterns can be used to reliably identify individual wild bottlenose dolphins, and likely other small cetacean species at other sites.
The built environment and older adults: A literature review and an applied approach to engaging older adults in built environment improvements for health
Authors: Tuckett Anthony G. , Banchoff Ann W. , Winter Sandra J. , King Abby C. 
Published: September 2017

Aims and objectivesThis paper presents a review of the literature about the built environment as it impacts the health of older people. It then introduces the gerontological nurse and researcher to the Our Voice framework for engaging older people as citizen scientists in order to empower them as agents of change in improving their local built environment and ultimately advancing community health.BackgroundCommunity‐level strategies to promote successful ageing in place are critical both to optimising health outcomes and containing healthcare costs. Such strategies must take into account the influence of the built environment both on individual health behaviours and on overall community health. At the same time, the perspectives and experiences of older people themselves ought to inform policies and practices in a systematic way.DesignIntegrative literature review.MethodA wide scan of English language articles published in the EMBASE, PubMed and CINAHL bibliographic databases was conducted. Additional articles were sourced by mining relevant reference lists (i.e., snowball sampling). Papers included were published between 2005 and 2016.ResultsThree distinct components emerged from the review: the impact of the built environment on health—in particular the health of older persons; citizen science and its applicability for older people research; and the promise of the Our Voice citizen science framework to activate changes in the built environment that improve older peoples’ health.ConclusionThe ageing of the world's population brings with it an increased population‐level risk of chronic disease and disability. We present the Our Voice framework, developed by researchers at Stanford University, as a promising strategy for engaging and empowering older people as citizen scientists, as a framework to apply to gerontological nursing and improving community health.Implications for practiceGerontology nurses are encouraged to: (i) Recognise the impact of the built environment and other community‐level factors on the health of their patients. (ii) Encourage older adults to take an active role in documenting features of their environments that promote or hinder healthy living. (iii) Support policies and programmes that promote healthy environments.
Two‐year extractability of novel left ventricular, active fixation leads in the sheep model
Authors: Adler Stuart , Kirchhof Nicole , Thompson Amy E. , Foerster Laurie , Marquard Kyle R. , Hine Douglas S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundA cardiac lead with a side helix for active fixation to the coronary vein wall (Attain Stability®, Model 20066, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) recently received CE Mark. The lead is designed to improve left ventricular (LV) placement and reduce dislodgement rates. The extractability of this active fixation LV lead has not been studied extensively.MethodsSeventeen sheep were implanted with either an LV lead with a side helix (Model 20066, Model 20096, Medtronic) or a unipolar LV lead (Model 4193, Medtronic) as a control. Leads were extracted at approximately 26, 52, or 118 weeks. Standard extraction methodology was employed with quantitative traction up to 907 g (2 lbs.) using a locking stylet. Gross pathology and histology of the heart with particular attention to the lead tracts were performed.ResultsAll leads were successfully removed in their entirety and required significantly less than 1 kg of traction force. The side helix disengaged from the vein as designed and resulted in no complications. No cardiac tissue was observed on any extracted lead. Gross pathology and histology were devoid of any helix‐induced lesions in the vascular structures. The epicardium over the side helix was normal and the fibrotic reaction around the helix was not significantly different from that around the nonhelix portions of the study leads or the control lead.ConclusionExtraction of the side helix, active fixation LV lead from the coronary veins in the sheep model is safe, without procedural complexity, and free of complications after long‐term LV lead implant duration.
Acquired progressive lymphangioma: Case report with partial response to imiquimod 5% cream
Authors: Salman Andac , Sarac Gonca , Can Kuru Burce , Cinel Leyla , Yucelten Ayse Deniz , Ergun Tulin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAcquired progressive lymphangioma (APL), or benign lymphangioendothelioma, is an unusual entity derived from vascular structures. Clinically and histopathologically it may resemble Kaposi's sarcoma and well‐differentiated angiosarcoma, causing a diagnostic problem. We report an individual with APL initially diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma who underwent unnecessary laboratory testing. Imiquimod 5% cream stopped the progression of the lesion. Awareness of this rare entity may prevent patients from undergoing excessive testing. Imiquimod may be used as a safe, effective treatment option.
Moral agency, autonomy, and heteronomy in early Confucian philosophy
Authors: Seok Bongrae 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper discusses Confucian notions of moral autonomy and moral agency that do not follow strict and ideal notions of autonomy that one can find in many Western theories of moral philosophy. In Kantian deontology, for example, one's autonomy, specifically one's rational will to follow universal moral rules, is a necessary condition of moral agency and moral responsibility. In Confucian moral philosophy, however, this type of strict moral autonomy is rarely observed. A Confucian moral agent is often depicted as a partially heteronomous individual who often accepts and follows others' moral authority and considers external contingencies in her moral deliberations. Yet active moral agency is maintained in Confucian philosophy. In this paper, I will explain and analyze a partially heteronomous but active form of moral agency in Confucian moral philosophy. First, I will survey different notions of moral autonomy and explore philosophical theories of partial autonomy and heteronomy. Second, I will discuss, on the basis of interactive, responsive, and situated notions of the self, how Confucian moral agency can be explained without strict standards of autonomy. In Confucianism, morality or virtuosity reflects the relational, responsive, and situated nature of human being that resonates with other human beings and their environmental contingencies. Mencius, for example, acknowledges and discusses interactive or relational nature of moral action and the dependency of the moral self on external conditions of life without giving up active moral effort and full moral responsibility. Third, based on my analysis of moral autonomy and responsibility in early Confucian philosophy, I will argue that Confucian moral philosophy provides a unique way of understanding moral agency, not through self‐enclosed independency but through relational and interactive interdependency of communal agency.
Precision estimation of the angular resolution of terrestrial laser scanners
Authors: Chen Xijiang , Yu Kegen , Zhang Guang , Hua Xianghong , Wu Hao , An Qing 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAngular resolution is the key factor governing the level of identifiable detail within a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) point cloud; its uncertainty is related to the sensitivity of distinguishing fine details. The angular resolution was evaluated using the precision of the sampling angle and laser‐spot diameter of 14 commercially available TLS systems (both pulse‐ and phase‐based). To verify the effectiveness of the developed angular‐resolution precision assessment method, a Riegl VZ‐400 and a Surphaser 25HSX TLS were used to scan a sculptured Chinese character. The results show that a Riegl VZ‐400 can identify detail better than a Surphaser 25HSX. The proposed assessment method is useful for determining the sensitivity of a TLS when recording finely detailed object features.
Robust feature matching for geospatial images via an affine‐invariant coordinate system
Authors: Li Jiayuan , Hu Qingwu , Ai Mingyao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFeature matching is a crucial stage for many photogrammetric and remote sensing applications. This paper proposes a novel and robust feature‐matching method based on a normalised barycentric coordinate system (NBCS), which is superior to a Cartesian system for this task. A scale‐invariant feature transform (SIFT) is performed to provide initial matches containing both correct matches (inliers) and false matches (outliers), with a focus on model estimation from contaminated observations (matches with outliers). An affine‐invariant coordinate system calledNBCSis defined based on ratios of areas. The two feature points of a correct match have the same coordinates underNBCSwhile false correspondences do not. This principle is adapted into a hypothesise‐and‐verify framework. The proposed method is robust, efficient and effective. Extensive experiments on real geospatial image pairs show that it significantly outperforms six other state‐of‐the‐art approaches. The source code and datasets used in this paper have been made public.
Ozone‐induced stomatal sluggishness changes stomatal parameters of Jarvis‐type model in white birch and deciduous oak
Authors: Hoshika Y. , Watanabe M. , Carrari E. , Paoletti E. , Koike T. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Stomatal ozone flux is closely related to ozone injury to plants. Jarvis‐type multiplicative model has been recommended for estimating stomatal ozone flux in forest trees. Ozone can change stomatal conductance by both stomatal closure and less efficient stomatal control (stomatal sluggishness). However, current Jarvis‐type models do not account for these ozone effects on stomatal conductance in forest trees.

We examined seasonal course of stomatal conductance in two common deciduous tree species native to northern Japan (white birch: Betula platyphylla var. japonica; deciduous oak: Quercus mongolica var. crispula) grown under free‐air ozone exposure. We innovatively considered stomatal sluggishness in the Jarvis‐type model using a simple parameter, s, relating to cumulative ozone uptake (defined as POD: phytotoxic ozone dose).

We found that ozone decreased stomatal conductance of white birch leaves after full expansion (−28%). However, such a reduction of stomatal conductance by ozone fell in late summer (−10%). At the same time, ozone reduced stomatal sensitivity of white birch to VPD and increased stomatal conductance under low light conditions. In contrast, in deciduous oak, ozone did not clearly change the model parameters.

The consideration of both ozone‐induced stomatal closure and stomatal sluggishness improved the model performance to estimate stomatal conductance and to explain the dose–response relationship on ozone‐induced decline of photosynthesis of white birch. Our results indicate that ozone effects on stomatal conductance (i.e. stomatal closure and stomatal sluggishness) are crucial for modelling studies to determine stomatal response in deciduous trees, especially in species sensitive to ozone.
Genotyping of the ABCG2 gene using Matrix‐Associated Laser Desorption/Ionisation, Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Tanaka M. , Kamada I. , Takahashi J. , Kimura T. , Tani Y. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of genotyping of the ABCG2 gene using MALDI‐TOF MS and to estimate the allele frequency in the Japanese population.BackgroundJr (a−) phenotype has a prevalence of approximately 0·05% among Japanese blood donors; DNA‐based genotyping was conducted to investigate the molecular basis of the Jr (a−) phenotype along with serological typing. To detect all SNPs of the ABCG2 gene, a high‐throughput SNP genotyping platform is needed.MethodsOverall, 1004 Jr (a−) blood samples were collected from blood donors in Japan and pre‐genotyped. To detect the SNPs of the ABCG2 gene using MALDI‐TOF MS, polymerase chain reaction and unextend primer were designed. In total, 205 Jr (a−) samples were genotyped using MALDI‐TOF MS analysis.ResultsThe SNPs of 1004 Jr (a−) samples were identified using the HRM analysis and DNA sequencing, and 799 of 1004 (80%) Jr (a−) samples had the homozygous for c.376 T. The designed primers for MALDI‐TOF MS perfectly detected the SNPs of the ABCG2 gene. A total of 205 Jr (a−) samples were genotyped using MALDI‐TOF MS. Calling failures occurred in only two samples with the mutations c.736CT to c.376C and c.421C to c.421CA. The concordance rate between the pre‐genotyped and MALDI‐TOF MS‐based genotyping results was very high (99·02%) for all ABCG2 alleles.ConclusionsJr (a‐) Japanese donors had almost the homozygous for c.376 T. However, detections of more than 20 SNPs of the ABCG2 gene for the JR blood group genotyping are needed. MALDI‐TOF MS‐based genotyping was highly concordant with the pre‐genotyped results for all ABCG2 alleles.
Liquid phase condensation in cell physiology and disease
Authors: Shin Yongdae , Brangwynne Clifford P. 
Published: September 2017

Phase separation and cellular organization
Cells are compartmentalized to allow distinct processes to occur in membrane-delimited organelles. But similar spatial restriction of cellular components in membrane-less intracellular assemblies or condensates also appears to occur—much like oil droplets in water. These compartments contribute to multiple biological processes and regulatory mechanisms. Shin and Brangwynne review the protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions that result in formation of these structures. They explain known and potential functions of such structures in a range of examples, from signaling and local control of biochemical reactants to spatial segregation. In disease, such aggregation may go awry and contribute to neurodegenerative syndromes associated with inappropriate protein aggregation.

Science
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A Selective Bottleneck Shapes the Evolutionary Mutant Spectra of Enterovirus A71 during Viral Dissemination in Humans
Authors: Huang Sheng-Wen , Huang Yi-Hui , Tsai Huey-Pin , Kuo Pin-Hwa , Wang Shih-Min , Liu Ching-Chuan , Wang Jen-Ren 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTRNA viruses accumulate mutations to rapidly adapt to environmental changes. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) causes various clinical manifestations with occasional severe neurological complications. However, the mechanism by which EV-A71 evolves within the human body is unclear. Utilizing deep sequencing and haplotype analyses of viruses from various tissues of an autopsy patient, we sought to define the evolutionary pathway by which enterovirus A71 evolves fitness for invading the central nervous system in humans. Broad mutant spectra with divergent mutations were observed at the initial infection sites in the respiratory and digestive systems. After viral invasion, we identified a haplotype switch and dominant haplotype, with glycine at VP1 residue 31 (VP1-31G) in viral particles disseminated into the integumentary and central nervous systems.In vitroviral growth and fitness analyses indicated that VP1-31G conferred growth and a fitness advantage in human neuronal cells, whereas VP1-31D conferred enhanced replication in human colorectal cells. A higher proportion of VP1-31G was also found among fatal cases, suggesting that it may facilitate central nervous system infection in humans. Our data provide the first glimpse of EV-A71 quasispecies from oral tissues to the central nervous system within humans, showing broad implications for the surveillance and pathogenesis of this reemerging viral pathogen.IMPORTANCEEV-A71 continues to be a worldwide burden to public health. Although EV-A71 is the major etiological agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease, it can also cause neurological pulmonary edema, encephalitis, and even death, especially in children. Understanding selection processes enabling dissemination and accurately estimating EV-A71 diversity during invasion in humans are critical for applications in viral pathogenesis and vaccine studies. Here, we define a selection bottleneck appearing in respiratory and digestive tissues. Glycine substitution at VP1 residue 31 helps viruses break through the bottleneck and invade the central nervous system. This substitution is also advantageous for replication in neuronal cellsin vitro. Considering that fatal cases contain enhanced glycine substitution at VP1-31, we suggest that the increased prevalence of VP1-31G may alter viral tropism and aid central nervous system invasion. Our findings provide new insights into a dynamic mutant spectral switch active during acute viral infection with emerging viral pathogens.
Pharmacokinetics of Tecarfarin and Warfarin in Patients with Severe Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Albrecht Detlef , Turakhia Mintu , Ries Daniel , Marbury Thomas , Smith William , Dillon Debbie , Milner Peter , Midei Mark 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) complicates warfarin anticoagulation partially through its effect on CYP2C9 activity. Tecarfarin, a novel vitamin K antagonist, is not metabolized by CYP2C9. To evaluate the effect of CKD on their metabolism, we measured PK parameters of warfarin and tecarfarin in subjects with and without CKD. CKD subjects with estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min not on dialysis (n = 13) were matched to healthy volunteers (HVs) (n = 10). Each subject was randomized to either warfarin 10 mg or tecarfarin 30 mg and was later crossed over to the other drug. PK parameters were measured following each drug. Mean plasma concentrations of (S)-warfarin and (R,S)-warfarin were higher (44 and 27%, respectively) in the subjects with CKD than in the healthy subjects. Both of these values fell outside of the 90% confidence interval of equivalence. For tecarfarin, the difference was less than 15% higher. Elimination half-life (t 1/2) increased by 20% for (S)-warfarin and by 8% for (R,S)-warfarin and decreased by 8% for tecarfarin. The mean plasma concentration for tecarfarin's inactive metabolite ATI-5900 increased by approximately eightfold. CKD increased the effect of CYP2C9 genetic variation on (S)-warfarin and (R,S)-warfarin metabolism. Tecarfarin exposure was similar between the HVs and the CKD subjects regardless of CYP2C9 genotype. There were neither serious adverse events (SAEs) nor treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) for any subject in the study. CKD inhibits metabolism of (S)-warfarin and (R,S)-warfarin, but not tecarfarin. The safety of repeated dosing of tecarfarin in CKD patients remains unknown. However, if the PK findings of this single-dose study are present with repeated dosing, tecarfarin may lead to dosing that is more predictable than warfarin in CKD patients who require anticoagulation therapy.