bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Data Portrait of Cisgender, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming Populations in the United States: A Research Note
Authors: Stacey Lawrence 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The transgender population is a critically underresearched population in the United States, owing to rare measures on national and state-level surveys that ask about sex and gender or transgender identification. Consequently, we know relatively less about the sociodemographic, socioeconomic, family, and health lives of gender minorities. In this research note, I use population-level data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to provide a data portrait of cisgender, transgender, and gender-nonconforming populations on a range of sociodemographic (e.g., sexual identity, race and ethnicity), socioeconomic (e.g., education, homeownership), family (e.g., union status), and health (e.g., number of poor mental health days) characteristics. Results reveal that gender minorities are younger than cisgender men and cisgender women and are disproportionately sexual minorities and people of color. Gender minority groups also experience lower socioeconomic status, report drastically different family lives, and bear the burden of worse health compared with cisgender people. I conclude by contending that descriptive research of this nature can illuminate compositional differences between cisgender and gender minority populations, provide rationales for adjusting for certain characteristics, and highlight potential explanatory mechanisms to make better sense of well-established findings (e.g., the transgender health disadvantage).
Precision in situ cryogenic correlative light and electron microscopy of optogenetically positioned organelles
Authors: Tillu Vikas A. , Redpath Gregory M. I. , Rae James , Ruan Juanfang , Yao Yin , Cagigas Maria L. , Whan Renee , Hardeman Edna C. , Gunning Peter W. , Ananthanarayanan Vaishnavi , Parton Robert G. , Ariotti Nicholas 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Unambiguous targeting of cellular structures for in situ cryo-electron microscopy in the heterogeneous, dense and compacted environment of the cytoplasm remains challenging. Here, we have developed a cryogenic correlative light and electron microscopy (cryo-CLEM) workflow that utilizes thin cells grown on a mechanically defined substratum for rapid analysis of organelles and macromolecular complexes by cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). We coupled these advancements with optogenetics to redistribute perinuclear-localised organelles to the cell periphery, allowing visualisation of organelles that would otherwise be positioned in cellular regions too thick for cryo-ET. This reliable and robust workflow allows for fast in situ analyses without the requirement for cryo-focused ion beam milling. Using this protocol, cells can be frozen, imaged by cryo-fluorescence microscopy and be ready for batch cryo-ET within a day.
Minimal Impact of Age on Adaptive Bone Formation in the Distal Tibia of US Army Basic Combat Trainees: The ARMI Study
Authors: Guerriere Katelyn I. , Hussian Ian M. , Bartlett Paul M. , Castellani Colleen M. , Walker Leila A. , Taylor Kathryn M. , Smith Nathaniel I. , Staab Jeffery S. , Pasiakos Stefan M. , Gaffney-Stomberg Erin , Popp Kristin L. , Bouxsein Mary L. , Fraley Amy L. , McClung James P. , Friedl Karl E. , Proctor Susan P. , Foulis Stephen A. , Hughes Julie M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although bone formation has been observed in the distal tibia of trainees during Basic Combat Training (BCT), some animal studies have demonstrated greater mechanosensitivity in the juvenile compared to the mature skeleton. How age affects skeletal adaptations to military training is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if skeletal adaptations to US Army BCT differ by age.

Methods
We enrolled 2085 trainees (1303 males, 782 females). High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to assess total, cortical, and trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) and the microarchitecture of the distal tibia before and after 8 wk of BCT. Generalized linear models were used to compare mean percent change (95% confidence interval (CI)) in each bone parameter by age group (<20, 20–25, 26–29, and ≥30 yr) and to evaluate differences in bone parameter changes between age groups (effect estimates (95% CI)). Models were stratified by sex with multivariable adjustment.

Results
Male and female trainees in all age groups had increases in total BMD, trabecular BMD, and trabecular bone volume fraction from baseline (P < 0.01 for all). Male and female trainees also had increases in trabecular thickness from baseline in all groups (P < 0.05) except females ≥30 yr old. Female trainees 20–25 yr old had a significantly larger increase in trabecular thickness than those <20 yr old (effect estimate (95% CI), 0.33% (0.02%–0.64%); P < 0.05). Trabecular microarchitecture was largely not otherwise different between age groups for either sex. Male and female trainees <20 yr old had greater changes in cortical BMD compared to older age groups (males, P < 0.01; females, P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusion
Trainees <20 yr old experience the greatest improvements in cortical BMD at the distal tibia during US Army BCT, suggesting that adaptive bone formation in cortical bone may be attenuated with skeletal maturity. However, the mechanosensitivity of trabecular bone to exercise training remains intact regardless of age.
Mechanistic Insight into Physical Activity Pleiotropy in Cancer Prevention
Authors: Bullard Brooke M. , VanderVeen Brandon N. , Cardaci Thomas D. , Carson James A. , Murphy E. Angela 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Although improvements in prevention and screening have curbed the incidence of some cancers, the global burden of cancer is substantial and continues to grow. The sustained high prevalence of many cancers reveals the need for additional strategies to reduce occurrence. Observational studies have linked physical inactivity to the risk of 13 different cancers. Indeed, physical activity can reduce the occurrence of several cancers by more than 20%, whereas sedentary behavior can increase cancer risk. Thus, physical activity presents a viable lifestyle intervention to reduce the global burden of cancer, and current research efforts are focused on establishing the effective physical activity mode and intensity for cancer prevention. Preclinical cancer studies have provided insight into the mechanisms mediating these effects. There is growing evidence that physical activity can 1) reduce the risk of obesity and, by extension, metabolic dysregulation; 2) improve immune surveillance and reduce inflammation; 3) enrich the colonic environment by favoring beneficial microbes and reducing transit time; and 4) regulate sex hormones. This graphical review describes the current state of knowledge on the benefits of physical activity for cancer prevention and associated plausible mechanisms.
Multisymptom Burden in Cancer Survivors: Benefits of Physical Activity
Authors: Cardaci Thomas D. , VanderVeen Brandon N. , Bullard Brooke M. , Carson James A. , Murphy E. Angela 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
In contrast with other leading causes of mortality, the cancer death rate in the United States continues to decline, reflecting improvements in prevention, screening, and treatment. Despite these advances, there has been limited development of strategies to counter the unwanted and debilitating effects associated with cancer and its treatments. Indeed, syndromes including cachexia, cardiotoxicity, fatigue, and mucositis among others plague cancer survivors, leading to poor life quality and premature mortality. The systemic nature of these impairments creates a strong rationale for treatment strategies to mitigate syndromes affecting cancer survivors. Currently, however, there are limited treatments approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to counter the debilitating side effects of cancer and cancer treatments. In noncancer clinical populations, physical activity is a well-established strategy to increase muscle mass, improve cardiovascular health, enhance energy levels, and promote gut health. Although physical activity programs are widely encouraged for cancer survivors, researchers are just beginning to understand the physiological basis of their positive effects and how they can be maximized for different cancer populations and treatments. This graphical review describes the benefits of physical activity and associated mechanisms for ameliorating select side effects of cancer and its therapeutics.
The Dark Side of Alcohol: Implications for Muscle Growth, mTOR Pathway, and Athletic Recovery
Authors: Dobosz Anna , Zduńczyk Wiktoria , Dubińska Michalina , Paduch-Jakubczyk Wiktoria , Bilska Wiktoria , Żydek Ada , Ciułek Urszula 
Published: September 2024

Introduction and Objective: Alcohol is a prevalent substance in many cultures, often associated with socializing, relaxation, and even post-exercise rituals. Despite its widespread use, the effects of alcohol on muscle recovery and hypertrophy are not well understood by the general public. Emerging research suggests that alcohol may have negative health effects on these factors. Understanding the interaction between alcohol consumption and resistance training is crucial for athletes and individuals aiming to optimize their fitness outcomes.
The main aim of this article is to show clinicians, patients and, above all, athletes, the negative effects of alcohol on training and leading a healthy lifestyle.
Review and Methods: Review and summary of studies and meta-analysis of studies available in open-source format on Google Scholar, Web of Science and PubMed.
Abbreviated Description of the State of Knowledge: Resistance training is a proven method for increasing muscle mass and strength through the process of hypertrophy, where muscle protein synthesis (MPS) exceeds muscle protein breakdown (MPB). The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a key role in regulating MPS and hypertrophy.
Summary: Alcohol has been shown to impair muscle protein synthesis, primarily through its negative effects on the mTOR signaling pathway, which is crucial for muscle growth. Additionally, alcohol disrupts sleep quality, further hindering recovery and performance.
Case Article—Optimizing Transportation and Equity in a District Zoning Problem for ORville Public Schools
Authors: Sullivan Kelly M. , Bennett Milburn Ashlea 
Published: September 2024

This case asks students to solve a multiobjective optimization decision problem applied to school district zoning. In the case, residential areas in a school district must be assigned to middle schools having capacity limits. The operational considerations on the decision are the weighted distances traveled between students’ residences and their assigned middle school campuses. The ethical considerations pertain to equity in education and are measured using the numbers of economically disadvantaged students assigned to each middle school. This problem, including its two objectives, is motivated by a real zoning problem faced by a school district. Publicly available data from the school district and its rezoning efforts are used to populate the case. To complete the case, students model and solve an optimization problem both with and without the ethical considerations included. In doing so, they observe how ethical considerations can change the outputs generated by the optimization model. Evidence is provided from student surveys to indicate how completion of the case impacts perceptions of the importance of and understanding of how to include ethical considerations in optimization modeling. Results indicate statistically significant increases in those perceptions. Supplemental Material: The Teaching Note and DataAndMetricsDemo Excel workbook are available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials .
Volatile organic compound detection of Buruli ulcer disease: Headspace analysis of Mycobacterium ulcerans and used gauzes of Buruli-compatible ulcers
Authors: Chudy Stan F. J. , Phanzu Delphin M. , Kolk Arend H. J. , Sopoh Ghislain E. , Barogui Yves T. , Tzfadia Oren , Eddyani Miriam , Fissette Krista , de Jong Bouke C. , Brinkman Paul 
Published: September 2024

Diagnosing Buruli ulcer (BU) is complicated by limited access to the sensitive IS2404 qPCR. Experienced clinicians report a distinct odour of Buruli ulcers. We explored the potential of headspace analysis by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Mycobacterium ulcerans both in vitro and clinically.
This study was conducted in two phases: a discovery and validation phase. During the discovery phase, VOCs that enable identification of M. ulcerans cultures were determined. During the validation phase, these VOCs were evaluated in clinical samples for which we used gauzes from patients with skin ulcerations in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Seven M. ulcerans headspace samples were compared with four from sterile growth medium and laboratory environmental air. The univariate analysis resulted in the selection of 24 retained VOC fragments and a perfect differentiation between cultures and controls. Sixteen of 24 fragments were identified, resulting in eleven unique compounds, mainly alkanes. Methylcyclohexane was the best performing compound. Based on these 24 fragments, headspace samples originating from gauzes of 50 open skin lesions (12 qPCR positive and 38 negative) were analysed and an AUC of 0.740 (95%-CI 0.583–0.897) was obtained. As this is an experimental study, future research has to confirm whether the identified compounds can serve as novel biomarkers.
Unveiling viral pathogens in acute respiratory disease: Insights from viral metagenomics in patients from the State of Alagoas, Brazil
Authors: de Campos Gabriel Montenegro , Santos Hazerral de Oliveira , Lima Alex Ranieri Jerônimo , Leite Anderson Brandão , Ribeiro Gabriela , Todão Bernardino Jardelina de Souza , do Nascimento Jean Phellipe Marques , Souza Juliana Vanessa Cavalcante , de Lima Loyze Paola Oliveira , Lima Marlon Breno Zampieri , de Araújo Mykaella Andrade , Giovanetti Marta , Kallas Esper Georges , Sampaio Sandra Coccuzzo , Elias Maria Carolina , Slavov Svetoslav Nanev 
Published: September 2024

Background
Respiratory illness affects individuals across all age demographics on a global scale, often precipitated by viral infections. The symptomatic manifestations of these diseases bear clinical resemblance, complicating the accurate determination of their etiological origins. Furthermore, the diagnostic panels for respiratory pathogens used within local medical practices, may not encompass the full spectrum of viral agents responsible for such ailments. Consequently, a significant number of clinically important viral pathogens may remain undetected.

Methods and findings
In the light of this, we conducted a metagenomic examination of 66 nasopharyngeal swab specimens, obtained from patients presenting with acute respiratory conditions yet tested negative by the standard diagnostic panels available locally. These specimens were obtained from the Public Health Laboratory, Maceio, State of Alagoas. Our findings indicate a predominant diagnostic escape of rhinoviruses and notably enterovirus D68. Moreover, our study identified a substantial quantity of sequence reads attributed to human respirovirus 3 (human parainfluenza 3) along with various herpresviruses including human herpesvirus-1, Epstein-Barr virus (Human herpesvirus-4), Human herpesviruses 6 and 7 and human parvovirus B19 (B19V). Notably, the metagenomic analysis uncovered a widespread presence of the emerging human vientovirus FB in most of sample pools, though its clinical importance remains to be elucidated.

Conclusions
The obtained results in this study underscore the invaluable role of viral metagenomics in the identification of underrecognized viruses bearing clinical relevance. Furthermore, it offers insights into the dissemination of these pathogens within the studied area, thereby informing public health strategies aimed at enhancing diagnostic accuracy and improving patient care.
Sex disparities in the associations of overall versus abdominal obesity with the 10-year cardiovascular disease risk: Evidence from the Indonesian National Health Survey
Authors: Sigit Fathimah S. , Tahapary Dicky L. , Riyadina Woro , Djokosujono Kusharisupeni 
Published: September 2024

Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of disability-adjusted life years in Indonesia. Although obesity is a known risk factor for CVDs, the relative contributions of overall versus abdominal obesity are less clear. We aimed to estimate the 10-year CVD risks of the Indonesian population and investigate the separate and joint associations of overall and abdominal obesity with these risks.

Methods
Using nationally representative data from the Indonesian Health Survey (n = 33,786), the 10-year CVD risk was estimated using the Framingham Score. The score was calculated as %-risk, with >20% indicating high risk. Overall obesity was measured by BMI, while abdominal obesity was measured by waist circumference. We performed sex-stratified multivariable linear regressions to examine the associations of standardized units of BMI and waist circumference with the 10-year CVD risk, mutually adjusted for waist circumference and BMI.

Results
Mean (SD) 10-year CVD risks were 14.3(8.9)% in men and 8.0(9.3)% in women, with 37.3% of men and 14.1% of women having high (>20%) risks. After mutual adjustment, one SD in BMI and waist circumference were associated with 0.75(0.50–1.01) and 0.95(0.72–1.18) increase in the %-risk of CVD in men, whereas in women, the β(95% CIs) were 0.43(0.25–0.61) and 1.06(0.87–1.26).

Conclusion
Abdominal fat accumulation showed stronger associations with 10-year CVD risks than overall adiposity, particularly in women. Although men had higher overall CVD risks, women experienced more detrimental cardiovascular effects of obesity. Raising awareness of abdominal/visceral obesity and its more damaging cardiovascular effects in women is crucial in preventing CVD-related morbidity and mortality.
The wound healing and hypoglycemic activates of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) leaf extract and saponins in diabetic and normal rats
Authors: Anbar Hanan S. , Shehab Naglaa Gamil , Yasin Ayah , Shaar Lana Mazen , Ashraf Ruba , Rahi Zahraa , Alamir Raneem , Alsabbagh Deema , Thabet Aya , Altaas Israa , Lozon Yosra A. , El Rouby Nadia M. M. , Shahiwala Aliasgar 
Published: September 2024

Introduction
Indigenous plants have historically been crucial in treating human diseases across various cultures worldwide. Research continues to uncover new therapeutic uses for indigenous plants, from treating infectious diseases to managing chronic conditions such as diabetes and wound care. This study aimed to examine the effect of palm tree leaves "Phoenix dactylifera L" extract and its topical film formulation on wound healing and blood glucose levels.

Methods
Palm leaves were collected, authenticated, powdered, and extracted with ethanol by cold maceration. Saponins were isolated. The dried extract was analyzed using reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography to identify the phytochemicals present. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (40mg/kg). Rats with blood glucose levels ≥ 200 mg/dl were used to determine the reduction in blood glucose with or without the oral extract. Incision and excision wounds were induced in both diabetic and normal rats. Topical films containing extract or saponin and inert films were applied to the wounds every other day, and wound sizes were recorded until the wound was completely healed.

Results
The presence of six flavonoids, Naringin, Rutin, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Apigenin, and Catechin, and five phenolic acids, Syringic acid, p Coumaric acid, Caffeic acid, Ferulic acid, Ellagic acid were detected in the dried extract. A significant reduction in blood sugar in diabetic rats and wound diameter in the treated group compared to the control group in both diabetic and normal rats was observed, confirming the promising role of palm leaf extract on diabetes and wound care. Macroscopic, morphometric, and histological data suggested that the cutaneous wound healing in rats treated with the leaf extract was better and faster than the control or inert groups.

Conclusions
Our research findings highlight the marked effect of Phoenix dactylifera extract as a supportive or alternative treatment for both hyperglycemia and incision or excision wounds. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms of action.
Exploring parents’ experiences, attitudes and understanding of gastro-oesophageal reflux in infants
Authors: McVicar Kathryn , Szatkowski Lisa , Ojha Shalini , Tunster Simon , Bains Manpreet 
Published: September 2024

Background
Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) affects nearly half of infants. Parents play a crucial role in management but more understanding of their attitudes and experiences is needed to inform future education, support and research. This study aims to explore parental experiences, attitudes and understanding of the symptoms, diagnosis and management of infant GOR.

Methods
Qualitative semi-structured interviews with 9 parents of infants with GOR in the UK, analysed by thematic analysis.

Results
8 participants were mothers and median age was 34 years. Over half identified as White ethnicity. Parents described that GOR can affect all aspects of life, including mental wellbeing and bonding with their baby. Medications are time-consuming to prepare and can cause challenging side effects such as constipation. It is crucial that health professionals manage parental expectations in that treatments are not curative and symptoms do not last forever. Attitudes about healthcare professionals varied: some were perceived as dismissive, whilst some showed understanding. There were differences depending on whether the child was a first or second born child, with more understanding shown where the child was not the parents’ first born. Parents felt more education could be beneficial for parents and clinicians.

Conclusions
Infant GOR can affect infants and parents in a variety of ways, impacting both physical and mental health. Parents play a vital role in the management of infant reflux, but there is lack of consistency of information and levels of knowledge among healthcare professionals vary. More education could be beneficial, and further research is needed into health professionals’ perceptions and fathers’ experiences.