bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration of NIRS for the Estimation of Fatty Acids in Brassica Juncea
Authors: Kaur Balraj , Sangha Manjeet K. , Kaur Gurpreet 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study was done to test whether near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) could be used as a quick substitute for measuring quality characteristics, i.e., a fatty acid profile over gas liquid chromatography. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy is a multi‐trait technique. In the present study, the fatty acid profiles of seeds of 200 genotypes of Brassica juncea were analysed by gas liquid chromatography. Near infrared reflectance spectra of intact seeds of the same samples were collected (400–2500 nm) on a NIR systems Model 6500 spectrophotometer. The spectra were subjected to scanning, mathematical processing, and statistical analysis using Win ISI software. Data were scored to remove redundancy. Spectra were treated as outliers with H > 3.0 (global H) and similar samples with H < 0.6 (neighbourhood H). Cross validation of the spectra was done using a modified partial least‐square method to develop the calibration equation. The calibration equation had good R2 values for oleic acid (R2 = 0.91), linoleic acid (R2 = 0.83), and erucic acid (R2 = 0.88). The internal validation was done to test the goodness of fit of the developed equation. The equation provided reliable estimations of these traits in internal validation with R2 values of 0.77, 0.68, 0.81 for the above quoted fatty acids, respectively. The external validation results also showed higher R2 values for oleic acid (0.89), linoleic acid (0.69), and erucic acid (0.90). The equation was less reliable for linolenic acid, which had R2 values of 0.53 in cross validation, 0.25 for internal validation, and 0.20 for external validation. The results indicated that NIRS could be used to rapidly determine oleic acid, linoleic acid, and erucic acid in intact B. juncea seeds.
Raman Spectroscopic Barcode Use for Differentiation of Vegetable Oils and Determination of Their Major Fatty Acid Composition
Authors: Velioglu Serap Durakli , Ercioglu Elif , Temiz H. Tumay , Velioglu H. Murat , Topcu Ali , Boyaci Ismail H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this study, differentiation of vegetable oils and determination of their major fatty acid (FA) composition were performed using Raman spectral barcoding approach. Samples from seven different sources (sunflower, corn, olive, canola, mustard, soybean and palm) were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. Second derivative of the spectral data was utilized to generate unique barcodes of oils. Chemometric analyses, namely, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) methods were used for data analysis. PCA was applied for classification of the samples according to the differences in their levels arising from their barcode data. A successful differentiation based on second derivative barcodes of Raman spectra (2D‐BRS) of vegetable oils was obtained. In addition, PLS method was applied on 2D‐BRS in order to determine the major FA composition of these samples. Coefficient of determination values for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, α‐linolenic, cis‐11 eicosenoic, erucic and nervonic acids were in the range of 0.970–0.989. Limit of detection and limit of quantification values were found to be satisfactory (0.09–8.09 and 0.30–26.95 % in oil) for these fatty acids . Advantages of both chemometric analysis and spectral barcoding approach have been utilized in the present study. Taking the second derivative of the Raman spectra has minimized background variability and sensitivity to intensity fluctuations. Spectral conversion to the barcodes has further increased the quality of information obtained from Raman spectra and also made it possible to improve the visualization of the data. Converting Raman spectra of oils into barcodes enables simpler presentation of the valuable information, and still allows further analysis such as classification of vegetable oils and prediction of their major fatty acids with high accuracy.
Estimating the Co-Development of Cognitive Decline and Physical Mobility Limitations in Older U.S. Adults
Authors: Bishop Nicholas J. , Eggum-Wilkens Natalie D. , Haas Steven A. , Kronenfeld Jennie J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study examines the co-development of cognitive and physical function in older Americans using an age-heterogeneous sample drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2008). We used multiple-group parallel process latent growth models to estimate the association between trajectories of cognitive function as measured by immediate word recall scores, and limitations in physical function as measured as an index of functional mobility limitations. Nested model fit testing was used to assess model fit for the separate trajectories followed by estimation of an unconditional parallel process model. Controls for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and chronic health conditions were added to the best-fitting parallel process model. Pattern mixture models were used to assess the sensitivity of the parameter estimates to the effect of selective attrition. Results indicated that favorable cognitive health and mobility at initial measurement were associated with faster decline in the alternate functional domain. The cross-process associations remained significant when we adjusted estimates for the influence of covariates and selective attrition. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were consistently associated with initial cognitive and physical health but had few relations with change in these measures.
Morbidity comparison of Primary and Completion Total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer in relation to the extent of Redo surgery
Authors: Khan Misbah , Syed Aamir Ali , Khan Amina Iqbal , Hussain Syed Raza , Zafar Waleed 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Total thyoidectomy has become the oncologic procedure of choice for differentiated thyroid cancers DTC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the post-operative morbidity rates, in relation to the surgical extent of primary and redo-thyroid surgeries.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 331 adult patients who underwent thyroid gland surgery for a diagnosed DTC were included. 213 patients had a completion thyroidectomy, while 117 received a primary total thyroidectomy. Among the redo surgery group, 108 had surgery on the previously unexplored side of neck only, while 105 had repeat exploration and thyroid resection on the previously operated side as well. Length of hospital stay, post-operative hypocalcaemia, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and tumour recurrence were used as primary outcome measures.

Results:
Comparing primary versus redo surgery, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of all four main outcome measures. After controlling for patient's age, T and N stage, length of follow up, and whether or not a neck node dissection was done, the opposite side only redo surgery was associated with a statistically significant shorter hospital stay and lesser risk of persistent hypocalcaemia. Performance of simultaneous neck dissections was found to be associated with longer hospital stay (P ≤ 0.01). Higher initial N stage has a higher likelihood of development of loco regional and metastatic recurrence (P < 0.05)

Conclusion:
Analysis of our data suggest that under uniform conditions of tumour stage, surgeon, demographics and T stage, there is no statistically significant difference in post-operative outcomes between primary or completion total thyroidectomy. However, less extensive surgery is associated with a better perioperative outcome.

Highlights:
Glutathione biosynthesis is upregulated at the initiation of MYCN‐driven neuroblastoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Carter Daniel R. , Sutton Selina K. , Pajic Marina , Murray Jayne , Sekyere Eric O. , Fletcher Jamie , Beckers Anneleen , De Preter Katleen , Speleman Frank , George Rani E. , Haber Michelle , Norris Murray D. , Cheung Belamy B. , Marshall Glenn M. 
Published: March 2016

The MYCN gene is amplified and overexpressed in a large proportion of high stage neuroblastoma patients and has been identified as a key driver of tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism by which MYCN promotes tumor initiation is poorly understood. Here we conducted metabolic profiling of pre‐malignant sympathetic ganglia and tumors derived from the TH‐MYCN mouse model of neuroblastoma, compared to non‐malignant ganglia from wildtype littermates. We found that metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of glutathione, the most abundant cellular antioxidant, were the most significantly upregulated metabolic pathway at tumor initiation, and progressively increased to meet the demands of tumorigenesis. A corresponding increase in the expression of genes involved in ribosomal biogenesis suggested that MYCN‐driven transactivation of the protein biosynthetic machinery generated the necessary substrates to drive glutathione biosynthesis. Pre‐malignant sympathetic ganglia from TH‐MYCN mice had higher antioxidant capacity and required glutathione upregulation for cell survival, when compared to wildtype ganglia. Moreover, in vivo administration of inhibitors of glutathione biosynthesis significantly delayed tumorigenesis when administered prophylactically and potentiated the anticancer activity of cytotoxic chemotherapy against established tumors. Together these results identify enhanced glutathione biosynthesis as a selective metabolic adaptation required for initiation of MYCN‐driven neuroblastoma, and suggest that glutathione‐targeted agents may be used as a potential preventative strategy, or as an adjuvant to existing chemotherapies in established disease.
Granitoid magmatism and metallogeny of the Lake Zone in Western Mongolia (by the example of the Bumbat-Hairhan area)
Authors: Rudnev S.N. , Izokh A.E. , Borisenko A.S. , Gas’kov I.V. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We present the results of a study of the geologic structure and age sequence of formation of the Late Neoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic plagiogranitoid and gabbroid associations in the Bumbat-Hairhan intrusive area of the Lake Zone in Western Mongolia. The petrogeochemical characteristics of the plagiogranitoids provide information about the conditions of formation of their parental melts at the island-arc and accretion–collision stages of the regional evolution. They also help to establish the main magma-generating sources as well as the major mechanisms of large-scale formation of granitoid melts and their relationship with ore generation processes. According to the trace-element and REE patterns and indicative ratios of these elements, the plagiogranitoids are subdivided into high- and low-alumina ones. Among the island-arc plagiogranitoids (551–524 Ma) of the Bumbat-Hairhan area, high-alumina varieties are the most widespread. They resulted from the partial melting of metabasites in equilibrium with garnet-containing restite at ≥ 15 kbar during their subsidence into the subduction zone. In geochemical features these plagiogranitoids are similar to high-Si adakites of different world regions. Island-arc low-alumina plagiogranitoids are scarcer. Their geochemical characteristics indicate that the parental melts were generated through the partial melting of metabasites in the lower part and/or in the basement of the island-arc system in equilibrium with amphibole-containing restite at ≤ 8 kbar. Plagiogranitoid associations of the accretion–collision stage (511–468 Ma) are the most widespread in the Bumbat-Hairhan area. They are subdivided into high- and low-alumina ones. According to the contents of trace elements and their indicative ratios, the low-alumina plagiogranitoids resulted from the partial melting of metabasites in equilibrium with plagioclase-containing restite at ≤ 8 kbar in the upper part of the collisional structure, and the high-alumina ones were generated through the melting of metabasites in the basement of thick crust in equilibrium with garnet-containing restite at ≥ 15 kbar. Geochronological studies in the Bumbat-Hairhan area revealed two stages of ore-generating processes spatially and temporally related to the formation of low-alumina plagiogranitoids. The early stage (518 ± 5 Ma), development of vein Cu (Au) mineralization, coincided in time with the formation of island-arc low-alumina plagiogranitoids of the Darbi massif (~ 524 Ma). The late stage (456 ± 4 Ma), formation of porphyry Cu-Mo (Au) mineralization, was synchronous with the formation of the low-alumina plagiogranites at the accretion-collision stage (~ 468 Ma).
Late Paleoproterozoic volcanic associations in the southwestern Siberian craton (Angara–Kan block)
Authors: Nozhkin A.D. , Turkina O.M. , Likhanov I.I. , Dmitrieva N.V. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We present data on the geologic setting, mineral composition, and conditions of metamorphism of volcanics of andesite–dacite–trachyrhyodacite, leucobasalt–basalt, basalt–andesite-basalt–trachyandesite, and basalt associations in the Yenisei amphibolite–gneiss complex of the Angara-Kan terrane. We have determined the age of zircon (SHRIMP II U–Pb dating) from two samples of volcanics of the andesite–dacite–trachyrhyodacite association. The volcanics formed in the Late Paleoproterozoic (~ 1.74 Ga) and were metamorphosed at 750 Ma. Inherited zircon and the Sm–Nd model age (2.4–2.5 Ga) of intermediate–felsic volcanics testify to their formation predominantly from the ancient crustal source. The Late Paleoproterozoic (1.78–1.74 Ga) sedimentation and volcanism in the Angara–Kan terrane followed the main collision events: high-temperature metamorphism (1.89–1.87 Ga) and formation of the first-phase granitoids of the Taraka massif (1.84 Ga). The volcanics have a predominantly bimodal character and belong to the tholeiitic and subalkalic series; this testifies to their formation in an extension setting. The formation of the volcanics of the Yenisei complex correlates with the intrusion of the intraplate granites of the Taraka massif, whereas the terrigenous sediments correlate with the sediments of the middle Subluk Group in the Urik–Iya graben. The rocks of the Yenisei complex are characterized by inhomogeneous metamorphism, which corresponds to the conditions of transition from epidote–amphibolite to amphibolite facies and to the whole PT-range of the amphibolite facies.
Ordovician deposits of the western slope of the Southern Urals and their correlation based on conodonts and chitinozoans
Authors: Mavrinskaya T.M. , Yakupov R.R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Biostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of Ordovician different-facies sections on the western slope of the Southern Urals are carried out based on conodonts and chitinozoans. Upper Ordovician conodonts are defined in the West Zilair zone, in the carbonate-terrigenous section near Nabiullino Village. They belong to important cosmopolitan taxa which allow distinguishing biostratigraphic units corresponding to the North Atlantic standard conodont scale. Successions of Middle and Upper Ordovician conodont and chitinozoan assemblages are identified in the terrigenous-siliceous sections of the East Zilair zone. Middle Ordovician chitinozoans are found in the Uraltau zone, in the metamorphic rocks of the Belekei Formation of the Suvanyak complex, previously assigned to the Precambrian. Most of the taxa in the conodont and chitinozoan assemblages have a good correlation potential due to their wide geographic range. A positive δ13C excursion of 3.3‰ was first recorded in the Nabiullino section (West Zilair zone), suggesting the initial phase of the HICE isotopic events in the Southern Urals. The development of shallow-water conodont biofacies at the top of the section suggests a sea level fall in the Late Ordovician.
Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Callovian–Volgian sediments and biofacies of the southwestern West-Siberian Lowland
Authors: Zaichikova E.V. , Levchuk L.K. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The study explored the taxonomic composition of foraminiferal assemblages from cores sampled in the Sil’ga and Yamal–Tyumen’ facies regions—the southern and southwestern West Siberian sedimentary basin. A complete sequence of biostratons was established for the Callovian–Kimmeridgian sediments of the southwestern West Siberian Lowland and was correlated with the units of the General Stratigraphic Scale. A number of biostratons have been revealed for the south of West Siberia. The biofacies analysis of the foraminiferal assemblages revealed that the Yamal–Tyumen’ facies region belonged to a relatively deep marine environment, far away from the Jurassic Sea littoral zone, in the Callovian through the Kimmeridgian and that the Sil’ga facies region was a relatively shallow marine environment in the Oxfordian through the Middle Volgian.
The effect of natural and anthropogenic factors on the evolution of remote lakes in East Siberia for the last 200 years
Authors: Fedotov A.P. , Vorobyeva S.S. , Bondarenko N.A. , Tomberg I.V. , Zhuchenko N.A. , Sezko N.P. , Stepanova O.G. , Melgunov M.S. , Ivanov V.G. , Zheleznyakova T.O. , Shaburova N.I. , Chechetkina L.G. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We performed a regional analysis of the effect of anthropogenic (acid precipitation) and natural (climatic changes, endogenous methane) factors on the hydrochemical composition and phytoplankton of mountain lakes in East Siberia for the last 210 years. The lacustrine diatom community responded to the intense acid precipitation that led to the acidification of lakes in Europe and North America in 1950–1985: Cyclotella-complex was partly replaced by more pH-tolerant species of diatoms, such as Aulacoseira lirata, A. italica, and Tabellaria flocculosa. This anthropogenic impact, however, was not dramatic for the ecosystem of mountain Lake Oron. The diatom records distinctly show a tendency for the reduction of lacustrine-alga population since the end of the Little Ice Age. We assume that the decrease in the Oron bioproductivity was mainly due to a deficit of nutrients caused by the inflow of ultrafresh waters from the thawing glaciers, snow patches, and seasonal snow cover of the Kodar Ridge during the Recent global warming in the Northern Hemisphere. In addition, the changes in the lake ecosystem might have been accelerated by emissions of endogenous methane.
Persistent innovation and the role of human resource management practices, work organization, and strategy
Authors: Chowhan James , Pries Fred , Mann Sara 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study makes a theoretical contribution by taking a persistent characteristics approach to explore the relationship between human resource management practices and innovation outcomes at the workplace-level. Innovators are categorized by the degree to which they are successful at achieving new product/processes and/or improved product/processes outcomes year over year. The human resource management practices explored include the use of highly qualified personnel, and skill-enhancing, motivation-enhancing, and opportunity-enhancing sub-bundles of practices. Further, work organization practices are also explored including integration and collaboration, introduction of organizational changes, and the use of technology. The findings indicate workplaces that set strategic goals related to innovation, that motivate their employees, that create opportunity for their employees to act, and that make greater use of technology tend to be more persistent innovators. These findings can contribute to the development of government policy, which seeks to improve innovation performance outcomes.
Examining associations between dietary patterns and metabolic CVD risk factors: a novel use of structural equation modelling
Authors: Castro Michelle Alessandra , Baltar Valéria Troncoso , Marchioni Dirce Maria , Fisberg Regina Mara 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe association between dietary patterns and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors has long been addressed but there is a lack of evidence towards the effects of the overall diet on the complex net of biological inter-relationships between risk factors. This study aimed to derive dietary patterns and examine their associations with metabolic cardiovascular risk factors following a theoretic model for the relationship between them. Participants included 417 adults of both sexes, enrolled to the cross-sectional population-based study performed in Brazil. Body weight, waist circumference, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, blood pressure, total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio, fasting plasma glucose and serum leptin were evaluated. Food consumption was assessed by two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls adjusted for the within-person variation of intake. A total of three dietary patterns were derived by exploratory structural equation modelling: ‘Traditional’, ‘Prudent’ and ‘Modern’. The ‘Traditional’ pattern had a negative and direct effect on obesity indicators (serum LEP, body weight and waist circumference) and negative indirect effects on total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio and fasting plasma glucose. The ‘Prudent’ pattern had a negative and direct effect on systolic blood pressure. No association was observed for the ‘Modern’ pattern and metabolic risk factors. In conclusion, the ‘Traditional’ and ‘Prudent’ dietary patterns were negatively associated with metabolic cardiovascular risk factors among Brazilian adults. Their apparent protective effects against obesity and high blood pressure may be important non-pharmacological strategies for the prevention and control of obesity-related metabolic disorders and CVD.
Cross-Listing Waves
Authors: Sarkissian Sergei , Schill Michael J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUsing a 57-year global foreign listing sample, we identify cross-listing waves at the host market, home market, and industry levels. Waves in host markets are often due to cross-listing waves in proximate home markets. Consistent with gravity-model implications and economic-synergy arguments of cross-listing decisions, cross-listing waves in a given host country coincide with the outperformance of the host and proximate home countries’ economies and financial markets. The valuation gains from listings associated with cross-listing waves are transitory, supporting the market-timing component in these decisions. Our results provide novel evidence of nonmonotonic market development across countries and over time.
N-terminal fusion of a toll-like receptor 2-ligand to aNeospora caninumchimeric antigen efficiently modifies the properties of the specific immune response
Authors: AGUADO-MARTÍNEZ ADRIANA , BASTO AFONSO P. , MÜLLER JOACHIM , BALMER VRENI , MANSER VERA , LEITÃO ALEXANDRE , HEMPHILL ANDREW 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYImmunoprophylactic products against neosporosis during pregnancy should induce an appropriately balanced immune response. In this respect, OprI, a bacterial lipoprotein targeting toll like receptor (TLR)2, provides promising adjuvant properties. We report on the manipulation of the innate and the T-cell immune response through the fusion of OprI with theNeospora caninumchimeric protein Mic3-1-R. In contrast to Mic3-1-R, OprI-MIC3-1-R significantly activated bone-marrow dendritic cells from naïve mice. Mice immunized with OprI-Mic3-1-R induced an immune response with mixed T helper (Th)1 and Th2 properties (high levels of both immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 and IgG2a and of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12(p70) and interferon-γresponses) whereas Mic3-1-R+saponin induced a clear Th2-biased response (low IgG2a and high IL-4 and IL-10). After mating and challenge withN. caninum, increased expression of interferon-γwas only found in placentas from OprI-Mic3-1-R immunized dams. However, no protection against vertical transmission and neonatal mortality was observed in either of the two groups. These results indicated that more exhaustive studies must be done to elucidate the immune mechanisms associated with transplacental transmission. Antigen linkage to TLR2-ligands, such as OprI, is a useful tool to investigate this enigma by reorienting the innate and adaptive immune responses against other candidate antigens in future studies.