bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating multiple criteria for the characterization ofPsammotettixpopulations in European cereal fields
Authors: Abt I. , Derlink M. , Mabon R. , Virant-Doberlet M. , Jacquot E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe wheat dwarf disease is among the most damaging diseases in cereals. Its aetiological agent is theWheat dwarf virus(WDV), which is exclusively transmitted from plant to plant by leafhoppers from the genusPsammotettix(Hemiptera, Cicadellidae). The parameters linked to the WDV/Psammotettixpathosystem are still poorly understood. We studiedPsammotettixindividuals collected in wheat and barley fields in France and, as a comparison, from grassland at agroecological interface in West Slovenia. Species identity of males and females has been determined using multiple criteria. In the first step, the characterization of the collected individuals included recordings of vibrational signals used in mating behaviour and morphometric analyses. In addition, a 442 nt sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxydase I (COI) gene was obtained for some individuals and compared to COI sequences of thePsammotettixleafhoppers available in public databases. In the cereal fields in France,Psammotettix alienuswas the most numerous species; however, it sometimes occurred together withPsammotettix confinis, while in the grasslands in Slovenia, the third syntopic species inPsammotettixcommunity wasPsammotettix helvolus. The temporal parameters of theP. alienusmale calling song that were measured in this study were very similar to those measured in a previous study. The local biotic and/or abiotic parameters most likely influence the life history ofPsammotettixleafhoppers, and the proportion of viruliferous individuals collected in cereal fields was 14.9%, while leafhoppers collected in Slovenia were virus-free. Taken together, results show that more detailed information on population structure ofPsammotettixleafhoppers is crucial for providing an insight into the epidemiology of wheat dwarf disease.
Broadening End-of-Life Comfort to Improve Palliative Care Practices in Long Term Care
Authors: Sussman Tamara , Kaasalainen Sharon , Mintzberg Susan , Sinclair Shane , Young Laurel , Ploeg Jenny , Bourgeois-Guérin Valérie , Thompson Genevieve , Venturato Lorraine , Earl Marie , Strachan Patricia , You John J. , Bonifas Robin , McKee Margaret 
Published: July 2017

RÉSUMÉCette étude qualitative canadienne rapporte les résultats de 19 groupes de discussion comprenant 117 participants, incluant des bénéficiaires, des familles et des membres du personnel. Elle avait pour objectifs : 1) d’explorer les soins palliatifs offerts en soins de longue durée (SLD) en vue de faire face aux tensions associées à la prestation de soins aux personnes qui sont encore bien vivantes et celles en fin de vie dans une même communauté de soins et 2) d’identifier des améliorations qui pourraient être apportées aux pratiques en soins palliatifs afin de mieux répondre aux besoins de tous les bénéficiaires en vie ou mourants dans les établissements de SLD, ainsi que celles des familles et du personnel qui leur apportent du soutien. Notre étude a montré que les perspectives liées au confort en fin de vie du personnel en SLD, celles des bénéficiaires et de leurs familles étaient appliquaient à ceux qui se trouvaient en fin de vie ou aux familles qui les soutenaient. Cette compréhension du confort limitait l’intégration des principes de soins palliatifs lors des derniers jours de vie des bénéficiaires. Les résultats de notre étude ont aussi suggéré que le fait de recueillir les perceptions des bénéficiaires liées au confort en fin de vie, de partager l’information à propos de la mort d’un bénéficiaire d’une manière plus personnelle, et de s’assurer que les bénéficiaires, leurs familles et le personnel aient des occasions de participer dans les soins de confort pour les bénéficiaires mourants pouvaient accroître le confort en fin de vie et soutenir une plus grande intégration des principes de soins palliatifs en SLD.
Differentiation between wild-type and vaccines strains of varicella zoster virus (VZV) based on four single nucleotide polymorphisms
Authors: JIN L. , XU S. , MAPLE P. A. C. , XU W. , BROWN K. E. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryVaricella–zoster virus (VZV) infection (chickenpox) results in latency and subsequent reactivation manifests as shingles. Effective attenuated vaccines (vOka) are available for prevention of both illnesses. In this study, an amplicon-based sequencing method capable of differentiating between VZV wild-type (wt) strains and vOka vaccine is described. A total of 44 vesicular fluid specimens collected from 43 patients (16 from China and 27 from the UK) with either chickenpox or shingles were investigated, of which 10 had received previous vaccination. Four sets of polymerase chain reactions were set up simultaneously with primers amplifying regions encompassing four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), ‘69349-106262-107252-108111’. Nucleotide sequences were generated by Sanger sequencing. All samples except one had a wt SNP profile of ‘A-T-T-T’. The sample collected from a patient who received vaccine 7–10 days ago, along with VZV vaccine preparations, Zostavax and Baike-varicella gave a SNP profile ‘G-C-C-C’. The results show that this method can distinguish vaccine-derived virus from wt viruses from main four clades, (clades 1–4) and should be of utility worldwide.
Epidemiology and hospital readmission associated with complications ofStaphylococcus aureusbacteremia in pediatrics over a 25-year period
Authors: LE J. , DAM Q. , TRAN T. , NGUYEN A. , ADLER-SHOHET F. C. , KIM S. , SCHMIDT K. , LIEBERMAN J. M. , BRADLEY J. S. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYWe sought to comprehensively assess the prevalence and outcomes of complications associated withStaphylococcus aureusbacteremia (SAB) in children. Secondarily, prevalence of methicillin resistance and outcomes of complications from methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA)vs.methicillin-susceptibleS. aureusSAB were assessed. This is a single-center cross-sectional study of 376 patients ⩽18 years old with SAB in 1990–2014. Overall, 197 (52%) patients experienced complications, the most common being osteomyelitis (33%), skin and soft tissue infection (31%), and pneumonia (25%). Patients with complications were older (median 3vs.0·7 years,P= 0·05) and more had community-associated SAB (66%vs.34%,P= 0·001). Fewer patients with complications had a SAB-related emergency department or hospital readmission (10%vs.19%,P= 0·014). Prevalence of methicillin resistance increased from 1990–1999 to 2000–2009, but decreased in 2010–2014. Complicated MRSA bacteremia resulted in more intensive care unit admissions (66%vs.47%,P= 0·03) and led to increased likelihood of having ⩾2 foci (58%vs.26%,P< 0·001). From multivariate analysis, community-associated SAB increased risk and concurrent infections decreased risk of complications (odds ratio (OR) 1·82 (1·1–3·02),P= 0·021) and (OR 0·58 (0·34–0·97),P= 0·038), respectively. In conclusion, children with SAB should be carefully evaluated for complications. Methicillin resistance remains associated with poor outcomes but have decreased in overall prevalence.
Conservation status of threatened and endemic birds of New Britain, Papua New Guinea
Authors: DAVIS ROBERT A. , DUTSON GUY , SZABO JUDIT K. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryNew Britain in the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea supports 14 endemic bird species and together with New Ireland, forms an Endemic Bird Area that supports 38 restricted range species. Extensive conversion of lowland forest to oil palm plantations resulted in the loss of over 20% of forest under 100 m altitude between 1989 and 2000. However the rate of loss has subsequently slowed (2.2% loss across all altitudes between 2002 and 2014), and much forest remains at higher altitudes: 72% of New Britain remained forested (including secondary forest) in 2014. Despite the ongoing high threat and rich endemic bird fauna, the state of knowledge of the conservation status of birds in New Britain is very poor. We use an unprecedented dataset based on 415 hours of bird surveys conducted in oil palm plantations, as well as primary and secondary forests at all altitudes, to revise the IUCN status of New Britain’s birds. These data indicate that six species of elevated conservation concern are less dependent on old-growth forest than previously assessed. We recommend reduced population size estimates for one species, New Britain KingfisherTodiramphus albonotatus.We recommend increased population size estimates for seven species: Pied Cuckoo-doveReinwardtoena browni, Yellowish Imperial PigeonDucula subflavescens, Green-fronted Hanging ParrotLoriculus tener, Blue-eyed CockatooCacatua opthalmica, Violaceous CoucalCentropus violaceous, New Britain BoobookNinox odiosaand New Britain ThrushZoothera talaseae. Despite our comprehensive surveys, Slaty-backed GoshawkAccipiter luteoschistaceus, New Britain SparrowhawkAccipiter brachyurus, New Britain BronzewingHenicophaps foersteriand Golden Masked-owlTyto aurantiaremain very rarely recorded and require further assessment. With ongoing habitat loss, particularly in lowland areas, New Britain’s birds urgently require more attention.
Acute Care Referral Systems in Liberia: Transfer and Referral Capabilities in a Low-Income Country
Authors: Kim Jimin , Barreix Maria , Babcock Christine , Bills Corey B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionFollowing two decades of armed conflict in Liberia, over 95% of health care facilities were partially or completely destroyed. Although the Liberian health system has undergone significant rehabilitation, one particular weakness is the lack of organized systems for referral and prehospital care. Acute care referral systems are a critical component of effective health care delivery and have led to improved quality of care and patient outcomes.ProblemThis study aimed to characterize the referral and transfer systems in the largest county of Liberia.MethodsA cross-sectional, health referral survey of a representative sample of health facilities in Montserrado County, Liberia was performed. A systematic random sample of all primary health care (PHC) clinics, fraction proportional to district population size, and all secondary and tertiary health facilities were included in the study sample. Collected data included baseline information about the health facility, patient flow, and qualitative and quantitative data regarding referral practices.ResultsA total of 62 health facilities—41 PHC clinics, 11 health centers (HCs), and 10 referral hospitals (RHs)—were surveyed during the 6-week study period. In sum, three percent of patients were referred to a higher-level of care. Communication between health facilities was largely unsystematic, with lack of specific protocols (n=3; 5.0%) and standardized documentation (n=26; 44.0%) for referral. While most health facilities reported walking as the primary means by which patients presented to initial health facilities (n=50; 81.0%), private vehicles, including commercial taxis (n=37; 60.0%), were the primary transport mechanism for referral of patients between health facilities.ConclusionThis study identified several weaknesses in acute care referral systems in Liberia, including lack of systematic care protocols for transfer, documentation, communication, and transport. However, several informal, well-functioning mechanisms for referral exist and could serve as the basis for a more robust system. Well-integrated acute care referral systems in low-income countries, like Liberia, may help to mitigate future public health crises by augmenting a country’s capacity for emergency preparedness.KimJ, BarreixM, BabcockC, BillsCB. Acute care referral systems in Liberia: transfer and referral capabilities in a low-income country. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):642–650.
Journalists’ Occupational Stress: A Comparative Study between Reporting Critical Events and Domestic News
Authors: Monteiro Susana , Marques-Pinto Alexandra 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNowadays, journalism is considered a stressful occupation, not only due to the stress perceived in journalists’ daily work but also due to the critical, potentially traumatic events they report. However, research on journalists’ occupational stress in both these professional settings is still scarce. This study aims to characterize and compare occupational stress variables perceived by journalists in their daily work and in critical scenarios. Taking the Holistic Model of Occupational Stress by Nelson and Simmons (2003) as a framework, 25 Portuguese journalists, all with experience in reporting critical events, were interviewed on their perceptions of some core variables of the model: occupational stressors, distress and eustress emotional reactions, and the consequences of these experiences on their well-being. Differences among these core variables, according to the number of deployments to a critical event, were statistically analysed in order to ascertain whether repeated exposure to trauma influenced journalists’ occupational stress perceptions. The data content analysis showed that occupational stressors and emotional reactions differed across settings, while the consequences associated with journalists’ experiences were perceived as being mainly negative in both occupational contexts. Significant differences were identified in some of these variables according to the number of deployments to a critical event (p< .05). These findings may contribute to a reflection on the role of media organizations in preparing and supporting journalists in their work performance, and on the promotion of occupational health within the scope of journalists’ daily work and critical events. The article closes with considerations for future studies.
DNMT1-maintained hypermethylation of Krüppel-like factor 5 involves in the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Fu Rong-Jie , He Wei , Wang Xiao-Bo , Li Lei , Zhao Huan-Bin , Liu Xiao-Ye , Pang Zhi , Chen Guo-Qiang , Huang Lei , Zhao Ke-Wen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the major subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that is resistant to conventional radiation and chemotherapy. It is a challenge to explore effective therapeutic targets and drugs for this kind of cancer. Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) exerts diverse functions in various tumor types. By analyzing cohorts of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data sets, we find that KLF5 expression is suppressed in ccRCC patients and higher level of KLF5 expression is associated with better prognostic outcome. Our further investigations demonstrate thatKLF5genomic loci are hypermethylated at proximal exon 4 and suppression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression by ShRNAs or a methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-CdR can recover KLF5 expression. Meanwhile, there is a negative correlation between expressions of KLF5 and DNMT1 in ccRCC tissues. Ectopic KLF5 expression inhibits ccRCC cell proliferation and migration/invasionin vitroand decreases xenograft growth and metastasisin vivo. Moreover, 5-Aza-CdR, a chemotherapy drug as DNMTs’ inhibitor that can induce KLF5 expression, suppresses ccRCC cell growth, while knockdown of KLF5 abolishes 5-Aza-CdR-induced growth inhibition. Collectively, our data demonstrate that KLF5 inhibits ccRCC growth as a tumor suppressor and highlight the potential of 5-Aza-CdR to release KLF5 expression as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of ccRCC.
Influence of the asymmetric excited state decay on coherent population trapping
Authors: Borges H. S. , Oliveira M. H. , Villas-Boas C. J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractElectromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an optical phenomenon which allows a drastic modification of the optical properties of an atomic system by applying a control field. It has been largely studied in the last decades and nowadays we can find a huge number of experimental and theoretical related studies. Recently a similar phenomenon was also shown in quantum dot molecules (QDM), where the control field is replaced by the tunneling rate between quantum dots. Our results show that in the EIT regime, the optical properties of QDM and the atomic system are identical. However, here we show that in the strong probe field regime, i.e., “coherent population trapping” (CPT) regime, it appears a strong discrepancy on the optical properties of both systems. We show that the origin of such difference relies on the different decay rates of the excited state of the two systems, implying in a strong difference on their higher order nonlinear susceptibilities. Finally, we investigate the optical response of atom/QDM strongly coupled to a cavity mode. In particular, the QDM-cavity system has the advantage of allowing a better narrowing of the width of the dark state resonance in the CPT regime when compared with atom-cavity system.
3-D imaging reveals four extraordinary cases of convergent evolution of acoustic communication in crickets and allies (Insecta)
Authors: Desutter-Grandcolas Laure , Jacquelin Lauriane , Hugel Sylvain , Boistel Renaud , Garrouste Romain , Henrotay Michel , Warren Ben H. , Chintauan-Marquier Ioana C. , Nel Patricia , Grandcolas Philippe , Nel André 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhen the same complex trait is exhibited by closely related species, a single evolutionary origin is frequently invoked. The complex stridulatory apparatus present in the forewings of extant crickets, mole crickets, katydids, and prophalangopsids, is currently interpreted as sharing a single common origin due to their similarity and unique function. An alternative hypothesis of convergent evolution in these ensiferan groups has challenged this common view, but remained controversial because of competing interpretations of wing venation. Here we propose another hypothesis for the widely and long debated homology of ensiferan stridulatory apparatus, performing the first 3D reconstruction of hidden structures at the wing bases. This approach allowed defining the homology of each vein from its very origin rather than after its more distal characteristics, which may be subjected to environmental pressure of selection. The stridulatory apparatus involves different veins in these four singing clades. In light of the most recent phylogenetic evidence, this apparatus developed four times in Ensifera, illustrating extraordinary convergent evolutions between closely related clades, by far exceeding the number of evolutionary steps ever proposed for calling ability in this group.
Common biological phenotypes characterize the acquisition of platinum-resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Sonego Maura , Pellizzari Ilenia , Dall’Acqua Alessandra , Pivetta Eliana , Lorenzon Ilaria , Benevol Sara , Bomben Riccardo , Spessotto Paola , Sorio Roberto , Gattei Valter , Belletti Barbara , Schiappacassi Monica , Baldassarre Gustavo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStandard of care for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) patients relies on platinum-based therapy. However, acquired resistance to platinum occurs frequently and predicts poor prognosis. To understand the mechanisms underlying acquired platinum-resistance, we have generated and characterized three platinum-resistant isogenic EOC cell lines. Resistant cells showed 3-to 5- folds increase in platinum IC50. Cross-resistance to other chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in the treatment of EOC patients was variable and dependent on the cell line utilized. Gene expression profiling (GEP) of coding and non-coding RNAs failed to identify a common signature that could collectively explain the mechanism of resistance. However, we observed that all resistant cell lines displayed a decreased level of DNA platination and a faster repair of damaged DNA. Furthermore, all platinum resistant cell lines displayed a change in their morphology and a higher ability to grown on mesothelium. Overall, we have established and characterized three new models of platinum-resistant EOC cell lines that could be exploited to further dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to platinum. Our work also suggests that GEP studies alone, at least when performed under basal culture condition, do not represent the optimal way to identify molecular alterations linked to DNA repair pathway defects.
Ecological Network Inference From Long-Term Presence-Absence Data
Authors: Sander Elizabeth L. , Wootton J. Timothy , Allesina Stefano 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEcological communities are characterized by complex networks of trophic and nontrophic interactions, which shape the dy-namics of the community. Machine learning and correlational methods are increasingly popular for inferring networks from co-occurrence and time series data, particularly in microbial systems. In this study, we test the suitability of these methods for inferring ecological interactions by constructing networks using Dynamic Bayesian Networks, Lasso regression, and Pear-son’s correlation coefficient, then comparing the model networks to empirical trophic and nontrophic webs in two ecological systems. We find that although each model significantly replicates the structure of at least one empirical network, no model significantly predicts network structure in both systems, and no model is clearly superior to the others. We also find that networks inferred for the Tatoosh intertidal match the nontrophic network much more closely than the trophic one, possibly due to the challenges of identifying trophic interactions from presence-absence data. Our findings suggest that although these methods hold some promise for ecological network inference, presence-absence data does not provide enough signal for models to consistently identify interactions, and networks inferred from these data should be interpreted with caution.
Characterisation of lung macrophage subpopulations in COPD patients and controls
Authors: Dewhurst Jennifer A. , Lea Simon , Hardaker Elizabeth , Dungwa Josiah V. , Ravi Arjun K. , Singh Dave 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLung macrophage subpopulations have been identified based on size. We investigated characteristics of small and large macrophages in the alveolar spaces and lung interstitium of COPD patients and controls. Alveolar and interstitial cells were isolated from lung resection tissue from 88 patients. Macrophage subpopulation cell-surface expression of immunological markers and phagocytic ability were assessed by flow cytometry. Inflammatory related gene expression was measured. Alveolar and interstitial macrophages had subpopulations of small and large macrophages based on size and granularity. Alveolar macrophages had similar numbers of small and large cells; interstitial macrophages were mainly small. Small macrophages expressed significantly higher cell surface HLA-DR, CD14, CD38 and CD36 and lower CD206 compared to large macrophages. Large alveolar macrophages showed lower marker expression in COPD current compared to ex-smokers. Small interstitial macrophages had the highest pro-inflammatory gene expression levels, while large alveolar macrophages had the lowest. Small alveolar macrophages had the highest phagocytic ability. Small alveolar macrophage CD206 expression was lower in COPD patients compared to smokers. COPD lung macrophages include distinct subpopulations; Small interstitial and small alveolar macrophages with more pro-inflammatory and phagocytic function respectively, and large alveolar macrophages with low pro-inflammatory and phagocytic ability.