bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
II. Transport of Nearly Incompressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence from 1 to 75 au
Authors: Adhikari L. , Zank G. P. , Hunana P. , Shiota D. , Bruno R. , Hu Q. , Telloni D. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The thermal plasma beta in the solar wind and the solar corona is of the order of

and

. Zank et al. developed 2D and slab turbulence transport model equations of the order of

and

using nearly incompressible (NI) theory. We solve the Zank et al. NI MHD coupled turbulence transport equations for the inhomogeneous solar wind from 1 to 75 au, and compare the numerical solutions to Voyager 2 observations. We find that (1) the 2D turbulent energies are larger than the slab energies throughout the heliosphere; (2) the 2D turbulent energies decrease more slowly than the slab turbulent energies within ∼4 au, while the slab energies increase and the 2D energies flatten in the outer heliosphere; (3) the 2D normalized cross-helicity decreases faster than the slab normalized cross-helicity within ∼4 au; (4) the 2D normalized residual energy is more magnetically dominated than the slab; (5) the variance of density fluctuations decreases more rapidly than

within ∼10 au, and more slowly in the outer heliosphere; and (6) the observed variance in magnetic field fluctuations as a function of the thermal plasma beta is described by the two-component turbulence transport model. In summary, the NI MHD two-component Zank et al. turbulence transport model captures the behavior of the forward, backward, and total energies in the fluctuating Elsässer variables, the variance in the magnetic field, kinetic energy, and density fluctuations, the cross-helicities and residual energies, the thermal temperature and plasma beta, and the various correlation lengths.
No Evidence for Feedback: Unexceptional Low-ionization Winds in Host Galaxies of Low Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei at Redshift z ∼ 1
Authors: Yesuf Hassen M. , Koo David C. , Faber S. M. , Prochaska J. Xavier , Guo Yicheng , Liu F. S. , Cunningham Emily C. , Coil Alison L. , Guhathakurta Puragra 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We study winds in 12 X-ray AGN host galaxies at

. We find, using the low-ionization Fe ii
λ2586 absorption in the stacked spectra, that the probability distribution function (PDF) of the centroid-velocity shift in AGNs has 50th (median), 16th, and 84th percentiles of (−87, −251, +86) km s−1 respectively. The PDF of the velocity dispersion in AGNs has 50th (median), 84th, and 16th percentiles of (139, 253, 52) km s−1 respectively. The centroid velocity and the velocity dispersions are obtained from a two-component (ISM+wind) absorption-line model. The equivalent width PDF of the outflow in AGNs has 50th (median), 84th, and 16th percentiles of (0.4, 0.8, 0.1) Å. There is a strong ISM component in Fe ii

absorption (with (1.2, 1.5, 0.8) Å, implying the presence of a substantial amount cold gas in the host galaxies. For comparison, star-forming and X-ray undetected galaxies at a similar redshift, matched roughly in stellar mass and galaxy inclination, have a centroid-velocity PDF with percentiles of (−74, −258, +90) km s−1, and a velocity-dispersion PDF with percentiles of (150, 259, 57) km s−1. Thus, winds in the AGN are similar to star formation-driven winds, and are too weak to escape and expel substantial cool gas from galaxies. Our sample doubles the previous sample of AGNs studied at

and extends the analysis to

. A joint reanalysis of the

AGN sample and our sample yields consistent results to the measurements above.
Kiloparsec-scale Simulations of Star Formation in Disk Galaxies. IV. Regulation of Galactic Star Formation Rates by Stellar Feedback
Authors: Butler Michael J. , Tan Jonathan C. , Teyssier Romain , Rosdahl Joakim , Van Loo Sven , Nickerson Sarah 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Star formation from the interstellar medium of galactic disks is a basic process controlling the evolution of galaxies. Understanding the star formation rate (SFR) in a local patch of a disk with a given gas mass is thus an important challenge for theoretical models. Here we simulate a kiloparsec region of a disk, following the evolution of self-gravitating molecular clouds down to subparsec scales, as they form stars that then inject feedback energy by dissociating and ionizing UV photons and supernova explosions. We assess the relative importance of each feedback mechanism. We find that H2-dissociating feedback results in the largest absolute reduction in star formation compared to the run with no feedback. Subsequently adding photoionization feedback produces a more modest reduction. Our fiducial models that combine all three feedback mechanisms yield, without fine-tuning, SFRs that are in excellent agreement with observations, with H2-dissociating photons playing a crucial role. Models that only include supernova feedback—a common method in galaxy evolution simulations—settle to similar SFRs, but with very different temperatures and chemical states of the gas, and with very different spatial distributions of young stars.
The Demographics of Rocky Free-floating Planets and their Detectability by WFIRST
Authors: Barclay Thomas , Quintana Elisa V. , Raymond Sean N. , Penny Matthew T. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Planets are thought to form via accretion from a remnant disk of gas and solids around a newly formed star. During this process, material in the disk either remains bound to the star as part of either a planet, a smaller celestial body, or makes up part of the the interplanetary medium; falls into the star; or is ejected from the system. Herein we use dynamical models to probe the abundance and properties of ejected material during late-stage planet formation and estimate their contribution to the free-floating planet population. We present 300 N-body simulations of terrestrial planet formation around a solar-type star, with and without giant planets present, using a model that accounts for collisional fragmentation. In simulations with Jupiter and Saturn analogs, about one-third of the initial (∼5 M
⊕) disk mass is ejected, about half in planets more massive than Mercury but with a mass lower than 0.3 M
⊕, and the remainder in smaller bodies. Most ejections occur within 25 Myr, which is shorter than the timescale typically required for Earth-mass planets to grow (30–100 Myr). When giant planets are omitted from our simulations, almost no material is ejected within 200 Myr and only about 1% of the initial disk is ejected by 2 Gyr. We show that about 2.5 terrestrial-mass planets are ejected per star in the Galaxy. We predict that the space-borne microlensing search for free-floating planets from the Wide-Field Infra-Red Space Telescope will discover up to 15 Mars-mass planets, but few free-floating Earth-mass planets.
Helium Reionization Simulations. II. Signatures of Quasar Activity on the IGM
Authors: La Plante Paul , Trac Hy , Croft Rupert , Cen Renyue 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We have run a new suite of simulations that solve hydrodynamics and radiative transfer simultaneously to study helium ii reionization. Our suite of simulations employs various models for populating quasars inside of dark matter halos, which affect the He ii reionization history. In particular, we are able to explore the impact that differences in the timing and duration of reionization have on observables. We examine the thermal signature that reionization leaves on the intergalactic medium (IGM), and measure the temperature-density relation. As previous studies have shown, we confirm that the photoheating feedback from helium ii reionization raises the temperature of the IGM by several thousand kelvin. To compare against observations, we generate synthetic Lyα forest sightlines on-the-fly and match the observed effective optical depth

of hydrogen to recent observations. We show that when the simulations have been normalized to have the same values of

, the effect that helium ii reionization has on observations of the hydrogen Lyα forest is minimal. Specifically, the flux PDF and the one-dimensional power spectrum are sensitive to the thermal state of the IGM, but do not show direct evidence for the ionization state of helium. We show that the peak temperature of the IGM typically corresponds to the time of 90%–95% helium ionization by volume, and is a relatively robust indicator of the timing of reionization. Future observations of helium reionization from the hydrogen Lyα forest should thus focus on measuring the temperature of the IGM, especially at mean density. Detecting the peak in the IGM temperature would provide valuable information about the timing of the end of helium ii reionization.
Caregiver Perceptions of a Telehealth Wellness Program
Authors: Serwe Katrina M. , Hersch Gayle I. , Pickens Noralyn Davel , Pancheri Karen 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We sought to understand caregivers’ experience of an education-based wellness program delivered using telehealth.
METHOD. In this qualitative pilot study, 4 caregivers participated in a focus group after completing a 6-wk telehealth program. Data analysis involved open coding, thematic analysis, and coding triangulation.
RESULTS. Two major themes emerged. The first, “I feel like I am now prepared,” included the subthemes of strategies for caregiver self-maintenance, the understanding that caregiving is a normal process, and the value of a group experience. The second theme, “It was just a good interaction,” included the subthemes of benefits of telehealth, challenges of telehealth, and process of learning the technology.
CONCLUSION. Participant discussion of the content learned and the value of group support indicated that telehealth was effective in both promoting learning and facilitating relationships. Even with challenges, participants reported an overall positive experience. Telehealth holds promise for increasing access to health promotion programs.
Expanding the Implementation of the Americans With Disabilities Act for Populations With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: The Role of Organization-Level Occupational Therapy Consultation
Authors: Umeda Caroline J. , Fogelberg Donald J. , Jirikowic Tracy , Pitonyak Jennifer S. , Mroz Tracy M. , Ideishi Roger I. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) provides standards and guidance for accessibility and accommodations that remove barriers to facilitate community social participation for individuals with disabilities. However, ADA implementation does not yet fully address the diverse access needs of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), who continue to face barriers to community social participation. This article explores the potential for occupational therapy practitioners to provide organization-level consultation as a means of maximizing community social participation among people with IDD. Case examples of occupational therapy practitioners working with community organizations are presented to illustrate organization-level consultation that addresses access needs across diverse community contexts. The relevance of supporting community social participation within the context of health equity is discussed, and key next steps, including developing population-based outcome measures, addressing reimbursement considerations, and developing best practices for organization-level consultation, are outlined.
Vil de fortsatt kunne være der?
Authors: Fossum Egil 
Published: May 2017

De kristne i Midtøsten er i dag under press fra mange ulike hold. En konsekvens av dette er emigrasjon. Er den kristne tilstedeværelsen i Midtøsten i ferd med å forsvinne? Vil de som blir igjen gå inn i sin historiske rolle som “dhimmis”; et tolerert, men underlegent minoritetssamfunn?
La plume et l’aile. L’épopée aéronautique française, entre presse et édition (1908-1945)
Authors: Simard-Houde Mélodie 
Published: May 2017

Au début du xxe siècle, l’invention de l’aviation a fasciné les foules et suscité un important continent d’écrits documentaires (reportages, témoignages, souvenirs de pilotes, histoires vulgarisées, biographies). Afin d’approfondir la connaissance de cette production et les liens qu’elle révèle entre la presse et l’édition dans la France des années 1908 à 1945, cet article tente une cartographie de la littérature aéronautique documentaire. Celle-ci s’intéresse principalement, d’une part, aux profils-types, aux trajectoires et aux réseaux sociaux des médiateurs (écrivains, journalistes et aviateurs), et, d’autre part, aux lieux éditoriaux qu’ils investissent, notamment les collections thématiques et spécialisées. De ce recensement émerge le rôle de la ligne idéologique et des réseaux politiques d’extrême-droite chez les éditeurs (Baudinière et les Nouvelles Éditions latines) qui ont le plus investi la littérature aéronautique.
Les représentations sociales de la démocratie : réflexivité, effervescence et conflit
Authors: Gingras1 Anne-Marie , Dudas Adriana , Paquin Magali , Foisy2 Marc 
Published: May 2017

Cet article porte sur la « démocratie sociale », un concept qui ressort avec force dans notre recherche sur les représentations sociales sur la démocratie. Nous avons interviewé 110 personnes ayant accès à l’espace public dans le but de saisir leur compréhension de la démocratie, de ses diverses dimensions et des principaux enjeux qui l’affectent. La démocratie sociale, ou démocratie comme état de société, s’oppose à la démocratie institutionnelle (pratiques politiques institutionnelles et État de droit) à l’égard de laquelle les critiques abondent. La démocratie sociale comporte deux volets : d’une part, l’insistance sur l’effervescence et la réflexivité qui s’incarnent dans l’organisation collective et dans le débat et la communication et, d’autre part, l’assimilation de la démocratie au conflit qui est pensé en termes de normalité et de processus. Cependant, la démocratie sociale a besoin d’un acteur, le citoyen, qui, comme le montrent les travaux en sciences sociales depuis des décennies, ne répond pas à l’appel de la construction de la démocratie.
Single‐ and Multiple‐Day Dosing Studies to Investigate High‐Dose Pharmacokinetics of Epelsiban and Its Metabolite, GSK2395448, in Healthy Female Volunteers
Authors: Mahar Kelly M. , Enslin Mary Beth , Gress Angie , Amrine‐Madsen Heather , Cooper Melisa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOpen‐label single‐ and double‐blind repeat‐dose studies in healthy female volunteers were conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety/tolerability of epelsiban total daily doses ranging from 600 to 900 mg. In 1 study (n = 12), epelsiban was dosed at 300 or 450 mg twice daily (every 12 hours) for a single day. In the repeat‐dose double‐blind study, epelsiban and placebo were administered to 31 subjects as 200 mg 3 times daily, 300 mg 3 times daily (TID), or 450 mg twice daily (BID) for 14 days. After both single and 14 daily repeat doses, the PK profiles for epelsiban and its metabolite, GSK2395448, remained linear at all administered doses. The exposures at a given total daily dose were also similar between BID and TID dosing regimens. Exposure (AUC0–τ), based on dosing intervals, for both epelsiban and GSK2395448 was similar. However, compared with morning dosing, Cmax was lower after evening dosing, possibly because of a food effect. The highest accumulation of epelsiban and GSK2395448 exposures (AUC0–τ) was approximately 34% for each after repeat dosing, consistent with the short half‐life. At total daily doses of 600 and 900 mg, epelsiban was generally well tolerated, and there were no significant safety concerns identified.
Tremor‐Dominant Pantothenate Kinase‐associated Neurodegeneration
Authors: Rohani Mohammad , Shahidi Gholamali , Alavi Afagh , Lang Anthony E. , Yousefi Niloufar , Razme Said , Fasano Alfonso 
Published: May 2017

AbstractView Supplementary Video1View Supplementary Video2View Supplementary Video3Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) includes a rare and heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by iron deposition in the basal ganglia. Pantothenate kinase‐associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is the most common NBIA and has 2 main presentations: typical and atypical, the latter rarely presents with tremor. Our reported patients underwent full neurologic examination, standard brain magnetic imaging, and genetic testing for PKAN. Three patients who had “tremor‐dominant” PKAN with a relatively benign course were reported, including 1 with dystonic tremor and 2 with parkinsonian tremor. All 3 patients had homozygous mutations in the PANK2 gene and typical eye of the tiger sign on brain imaging. PKAN (and NBIA in general) may be a potential cause of tremor, thus emphasizing the need to consider this diagnosis even in patients with a clinical diagnosis of essential, dystonic, or parkinsonian tremor.
MRI evaluation of regional and longitudinal changes in Z‐spectra of injured spinal cord of monkeys
Authors: Wang Feng , Zu Zhongliang , Wu Ruiqi , Wu Tung‐Lin , Gore John C. , Chen Li Min 
Published: May 2017

PurposeIn principle, MR methods that exploit magnetization transfer (MT) may be used to quantify changes in the molecular composition of tissues after injury. The ability to track such changes in injured spinal cord may allow more precise assessment of the state of neural tissues.MethodsZ‐Spectra were obtained from the cervical spinal cord before and after a unilateral dorsal column lesion in monkeys at 9.4T. The amplitudes of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) effects from multiple proton pools, along with nonspecific semisolid MT effects from immobile macromolecules, were quantified using a five‐peak Lorenzian fitting of each Z‐spectrum.ResultsAbnormal tissues/cysts that formed around lesion sites exhibited relatively low correlations between their Z‐spectra and that of normal gray matter (GM). Compared with normal GM, cysts showed strong CEST but weak semisolid MT and NOE effects after injury. The abnormal tissues around lesion sites were heterogeneous and showed different regional Z‐spectra. Different regional correlations between proton pools were observed. Longitudinally, injured spinal cord tissue exhibited remarkable recovery in all subjects.ConclusionCharacterization of multiple proton pools from Z‐spectra permitted noninvasive, regional, quantitative assessments of changes in tissue composition of injured spinal cord over time. Magn Reson Med 79:1070–1082, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Proteomics in Cell Division
Authors: Üretmen Kagıalı Zeynep Cansu , Şentürk Aydanur , Özkan Küçük Nazlı Ezgi , Qureshi Mohammad Haroon , Özlü Nurhan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCell division requires a coordinated action of the cell cycle machinery, cytoskeletal elements, chromosomes, and membranes. Cell division studies have greatly benefitted from the mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomic approaches for probing the biochemistry of highly dynamic complexes and their coordination with each other as a cell progresses into division. In this review, the authors first summarize a wide‐range of proteomic studies that focus on the identification of sub‐cellular components/protein complexes of the cell division machinery including kinetochores, mitotic spindle, midzone, and centrosomes. The authors also highlight MS‐based large‐scale analyses of the cellular components that are largely understudied during cell division such as the cell surface and lipids. Then, the authors focus on posttranslational modification analyses, especially phosphorylation and the resulting crosstalk with other modifications as a cell undergoes cell division. Combining proteomic approaches that probe the biochemistry of cell division components with functional genomic assays will lead to breakthroughs toward a systems‐level understanding of cell division.
New approaches towards the understanding of integral membrane proteins: A structural perspective on G protein‐coupled receptors
Authors: Grisshammer Reinhard 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThree‐dimensional structure determination of integral membrane proteins has advanced in unprecedented detail our understanding of mechanistic events of how ion channels, transporters, receptors, and enzymes function. This exciting progress required a tremendous amount of methods development, as exemplified here with G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs): Optimizing the production of GPCRs in recombinant hosts; increasing the probability of crystal formation using high‐affinity ligands, nanobodies, and minimal G proteins for co‐crystallization, thus stabilizing receptors into one conformation; using the T4 lysozyme technology and other fusion partners to promote crystal contacts; advancing crystallization methods including the development of novel detergents, and miniaturization and automation of the lipidic cubic phase crystallization method; the concept of conformational thermostabilization of GPCRs; and developing microfocus X‐ray synchrotron technologies to analyze small GPCR crystals. However, despite immense progress to explain how GPCRs function, many receptors pose intractable hurdles to structure determination at this time. Three emerging methods, serial femtosecond crystallography, micro electron diffraction, and single particle electron cryo‐microscopy, hold promise to overcome current limitations in structural membrane biology.
The zinc finger domain of RING finger protein 141 reveals a unique RING fold
Authors: Miyamoto Kazuhide , Uechi Airi , Saito Kazuki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHuman RING finger protein 141 (RFP141) is a germ cell‐specific transcription factor during spermatogenesis. We synthesized a compact construct encoding the C‐terminal zinc finger of RFP141 (RFP141C peptide). Herein we determined the solution structure of the RFP141C peptide by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Moreover, NMR data and the chemical modification of cysteine residues demonstrated that the RFP141C peptide binds to two zinc atoms in a cross‐brace arrangement. The Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool database predicted the structure of RFP141C as a RING finger. However, the actual structure of the RFP141C peptide adopts an atypical compact C3HC4‐type RING fold. The position and range of the helical active site of the RFP141C structure were elucidated at the atomic level. Therefore, structural analysis may allow RFP141C to be used for designing an artificial RING finger possessing specific ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme (E2)‐binding capabilities.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of radiative recombination lifetimes in nonpolar InGaN/GaN quantum dots
Authors: Kanta Patra Saroj , Wang Tong , Puchtler Tim J. , Zhu Tongtong , Oliver Rachel A. , Taylor Robert A. , Schulz Stefan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present here a combined experimental and theoretical analysis of the radiative recombination lifetime in a‐plane (110) InGaN/GaN quantum dots. The structures have been grown by modified droplet epitaxy and time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements have been performed to gain insight into the radiative lifetimes of these structures. This analysis is complemented by multi‐band calculations. To account for excitonic effects, the theory is coupled with self‐consistent Hartree calculations. Special attention is paid to the impact of the quantum dot size on the results. Our calculations show that the residual built‐in fields in these nonpolar structures are compensated by the attractive Coulomb interaction, leading to the situation that the oscillator strength is almost unaffected by changes in the quantum dot size. Furthermore, our theoretical studies reveal that the radiative lifetimes are one order magnitude lower than values for c‐plane systems of identical size and shape. Our theoretical findings are consistent with experimental results. Also, the calculated lifetimes are comparable in magnitude to the measured values. The majority of the measured dots produce lifetime values of 250–300 ps, highlighting the potential of these nanostructures for future high‐speed single‐photon emitters.