bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer arrays incorporating anodically bondable low temperature co‐fired ceramic for small diameter ultrasonic endoscope
Authors: Yildiz Fikret , Matsunaga Tadao , Haga Yoichi 
Published: August 2016

A process for the fabrication of a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT), with a resonance frequency of 2.88 MHz, using an anodically bondable custom‐designed low temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate with a 60 μm via diameter made of Au is presented. Fabrication of CMUTs with a high fill factor on the LTCC via with a pitch distance of 150 μm is good candidate for medical applications of a miniaturised ring shape CMUT endoscope. Electrical connection between the front side where the device is fabricated and the backside of the LTCC can be achieved with horizontal and vertical interconnects. Investigation of limitations with respect to the device dimensions and experimental fabrication results are discussed. CMUT arrays on LTCC provide a simplified fabrication process with advantages of LTCC architecture compared with typical glass counterparts used in the microelectromechanical systems field.
Effects of magnesium and chlorine co‐doping on the structural and electrochemical performance of the spinel LiMn2O4 cathode materials
Authors: Zeng Xiaoxiong , Wu Jinghe , Hu Qishan 
Published: August 2016

The lithium‐ion battery cathode materials spinel LiMn2O4 and LiMg0.05Mn1.95O3.9Cl0.1 samples are synthesised by solid state reaction route, the effects of magnesium and chlorine co‐doping on the structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of material LiMn2O4 are studied by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, electron diffraction spectroscope and galvanostatic charge–discharge, respectively. The results indicate that appropriate amount doping of magnesium and chlorine does not change the spinel structure of LiMn2O4, and the results reveal that the LiMg0.05Mn1.95O3.9Cl0.1 has an initial discharge capacity of 125.2 mAh/g at 0.2C, and the capacity retention is still as high as 89.3% even after 100 cycles, which is significantly higher than 79.6% of LiMn2O4. Especially, the LiMg0.05Mn1.95O3.9Cl0.1 shows the discharge capacity of 91.2 mAh/g at 10C, which higher than that of LiMn2O4 (64.3 mAh/g). The LiMg0.05Mn1.95O3.9Cl0.1 exhibits excellent cycling performance and rate capability than that of LiMn2O4. Thus, this is a very effective way for comprehensive improving LiMn2O4 electrochemical performance.
Comparison of Electrofishing and Gill Nets for Sampling Cichlid Species
Authors: Bies Jason M. , Fox Cynthia N. , Neal J. Wesley 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Introduced cichlid species are increasingly more common in tropical freshwater systems and expanding in range, often with negative consequences to receiving systems. To better understand, monitor, and manage these populations, investigators need improved cichlid sampling protocols. In this study, electrofishing and gill nets were compared for their effectiveness at collecting cichlid species during diel sampling in a Puerto Rico reservoir containing five cichlid species. Both gears were fished simultaneously during day and night periods in January and July. Species composition, species length frequencies, and overall cichlid catch per person-hour were compared. This study suggests that electrofishing, particularly at night, may be a more appropriate gear for sampling cichlid species in the littoral zone of reservoirs, as gill nets were more time intensive, had more variable catch rates, and exhibited considerable selectivity. Gill nets were highly selective for Red Devil Cichlid Amphilophus labiatus and Butterfly Peacock Bass Cichla ocellaris and were size-selective for Butterfly Peacock Bass. Electrofishing captured 37.7 cichlids/person-hour, compared with 13.7 cichlids/person-hour for gill nets. However, cichlid capture efficiency was low and variable, and therefore electrofishing catch rate should not be used as a measure of relative abundance.
Received November 10, 2015; accepted April 20, 2016Published online August 19, 2016
Different Dietary Lipid Sources Affect Plasma Lipid Composition but Not Stress Tolerance or Growth of Hybrid Striped Bass
Authors: Trushenski Jesse , Aardsma Matthew 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
To determine whether dietary lipid sources used in regimens to replace fish oil differentially impact the production performance and physiological status of hybrid Striped Bass (White Bass Morone chrysops × Striped Bass M. saxatilis), the growth performance and stress response of fish raised on diets containing oil from fish, canola, corn, or flaxseed were evaluated. Production performance was unaffected by diet. Net-chasing and handling stress challenges elicited changes in hematology consistent with the generalized stress response, and there was a significant main effect of stressor exposure (P &lt; 0.01) on both plasma cortisol and osmolality, as well as a main effect of lipid source (P &lt; 0.05) on plasma osmolality. Across diets, cortisol and osmolality levels were highest 1 h after stressor exposure (411 ng/mL and 385 mOsm/kg, respectively) but decreased significantly by 4 h poststressor (169 ng/mL and 332 mOsm/kg, respectively). The plasma lipid fatty acid (FA) profile was influenced by diet and generally reflected the FA profile in the feed. However, higher levels of saturated and monounsaturated FAs and lower levels of polyunsaturated FAs were typically observed shortly after stressor exposure. Although differences in hematology were associated with differences in lipid source and stressor exposure, neither obvious impairment of physiological function nor gross effects (i.e., morbidity and mortality) were observed.
Study of NBI-driven chirping mode properties and radial location by the heavy ion beam probe in the TJ-II stellarator
Authors: Melnikov A.V. , Eliseev L.G. , Castejón F. , Hidalgo C. , Khabanov P.O. , Kozachek A.S. , Krupnik L.I. , Liniers M. , Lysenko S.E. , de Pablos J.L. , Sharapov S.E. , Ufimtsev M.V. , Zenin V.N. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) were studied in low magnetic shear flexible heliac TJ-II (B
0  =  0.95 T, R
0  =  1.5 m,

〈
a
〉

=  0.22 m) neutral beam injection (NBI) heated plasmas (P
NBI  ⩽  1.1 MW, E
NBI  =  32 keV) using the heavy ion beam probe (HIBP). L-mode hydrogen plasmas heated with co-, counter- and balanced-NBI and electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) were investigated in various magnetic configurations with rotational transform ι(a)/2π  =  1/q ~ 1.5–1.6. The HIBP diagnostic is capable of simultaneously measuring the oscillations of the plasma electric potential, density and poloidal magnetic field. In earlier studies chirping modes have been observed with 250 kHz  <  f
AE  <  380 kHz in combined ECR and NBI heated plasmas at low density

n
¯

e

=  (0.3–1.5)  ×  1019 m−3. In this paper we report the observation of chirping modes obtained with NBI only in plasmas with densities similar to those of earlier studies and obtained after lithium evaporation in the vacuum vessel. The absence of ECRH in the discharges studied here shows that ECRH is not a necessary ingredient to obtain chirping modes in TJ-II but rather a tool for obtaining low-density discharges. Using the HIBP we deduce that the location of the AE chirping mode is  −0.8  <  ρ  <  0.8. Chirping modes have a specific spatial structure: electric potential perturbations have a ballooning character, while the density and B
pol perturbations are nearly symmetric for both ECRH  +  NBI and NBI-only plasmas. On TJ-II, the dominant effect on the nonlinear evolution of the AE from the chirping state to the steady-frequency state is the magnetic configuration, determined by the vacuum ι and plasma current I
pl.
Prosthetic Heart Valves in Pregnancy, Outcomes for Women and their Babies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lawley C.M. , Lain S.J. , Algert C.S. , Ford J.B. , Figtree G.A. , Roberts C.L. 
Published: August 2016

(BJOG. 2015;122(11):1446–1455)
An increased incidence of adverse outcomes (maternal mortality, miscarriage, thromboembolism, and obstetric hemorrhage) has been reported among pregnant women with prosthetic heart valves. Infants born to these women are also at increased risk of perinatal mortality, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age, and congenital malformations. There have been advances in prosthetic heart valve design and medical care, leading to improved outcomes for patients with prosthetic valves. Review of the available data on recent outcomes in parturients with prosthetic heart valves is therefore required. The primary objective of this systematic review was to assess the risk of an adverse outcome in pregnant women with prosthetic heart valve(s) over the last 20 years (1995 to 2014). Absolute risk of adverse outcomes by prosthetic type and/or location was also evaluated as a secondary objective.
Lumbar Neuraxial Ultrasound for Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Perlas A. , Chaparro L.E. , Chin K.J. 
Published: August 2016

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016;41(2):251–260)
Using an ultrasound to examine a patient’s spine prior to the administration of spinal or epidural anesthesia is a new development in regional anesthesia. Such an examination allows anesthesiologists to observe the underlying anatomy and helps improve the accuracy of needle placement. Previous reports have described spinal and epidural techniques that use ultrasound for real-time guidance, which is distinct from this ultrasound-assisted approach. This review assessed the evidence in favor of preprocedural neuraxial ultrasound as a supplementary procedure to lumbar spinal and epidural anesthesia in adults.
The Impact of Socioeconomic Position on Severe Maternal Morbidity Outcomes Among Women in Australia: A National Case-control Study
Authors: Lindquist A. , Noor N. , Sullivan E. , Knight M. 
Published: August 2016

(BJOG. 2015;122(12):1601–1609)
Research conducted in Australia in 2000 determined that although there had been improvements in the health of the population over previous years, increased inequalities for socioeconomically related mortality had occurred for some conditions. Studies in other developed countries, such as the United Kingdom, have suggested that socioeconomic position may be a risk factor for poorer pregnancy outcomes. Identifying high-risk parturients is critical for the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes because it allows targeted interventions and intensive clinical management of specific groups of women. The Australasian Maternal Outcomes Surveillance System is based on the methodology of the UK Obstetric Surveillance System and enables research and surveillance for a range of pregnancy complications across Australia and New Zealand. This study aimed to explore the independent impact of socioeconomic position on selected severe maternal morbidities among women in Australia.
Risk Factors for and Prediction of a Difficult Neuraxial Block: A Cohort Study of 73,579 Patients from the Danish Anaesthesia Database
Authors: Stendell L. , Lundstrøm L.H. , Wetterslev J. , Itenov T.S. , Rosenstock C.V. 
Published: August 2016

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015;40(5):545–552)
Administering epidural, spinal, or combined epidural-spinal anesthesia can be challenging due to a variety of anatomical, technical, and pharmacological factors. As a difficult neuraxial block can result in complications, it is important that anesthesiologists be able to anticipate such an occurrence and take the necessary steps to resolve the situation. The purpose of this study was to determine how common difficult neuraxial blocks are and investigate the potential factors that might contribute to them. The investigators also sought to determine the efficacy of an accumulated risk score used to predict a difficult neuraxial block.
Antenatal Blood Pressure for Prediction of Preeclampsia, Preterm Birth, and Small for Gestational Age Babies: Development and Validation in 2 General Population Cohorts
Authors: Macdonald-Wallis C. , Silverwood R.J. , de Stavola B.L. , Inskip H. , Cooper C. , Godfrey K.M. , Crozier S. , Fraser A. , Nelson S.M. , Lawlor D.A. , Tilling K. 
Published: August 2016

(BMJ. 2015;351:h5948)
Preeclampsia is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and is associated with adverse outcomes, such as maternal and fetal mortality, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm birth. The aim of this study was to determine whether the addition of routine antenatal blood pressure measurements between 20 and 36 weeks of gestation could improve the predictive value of existing prediction models for preeclampsia and its associated adverse outcomes, which only include a blood pressure measurement from the first antenatal visit.
Progression From Severe Sepsis in Pregnancy to Death: A UK Population-based Case-control Analysis
Authors: Mohamed-Ahmed O. , Nair M. , Acosta C. , Kurinczuk J.J. , Knight M. 
Published: August 2016

(BJOG. 2015;122(11):1506–1515)
Sepsis continues to be a significant cause of maternal mortality. A better understanding of the factors associated with sepsis progressing to death could help physicians identify those patients at highest risk and develop policies and management strategies that could decrease mortality. The primary aim of this study was to identify the demographic, socioeconomic, medical, obstetric, and management factors associated with progression from pregnancy related severe sepsis to death.
Human Lumbar Ligamentum Flavum Anatomy for Epidural Anesthesia: Reviewing a 3D MR-based Interactive Model and Postmortem Samples
Authors: Reina M.A. , Lirk P. , Puigdellívol-Sánchez A. , Mavar M. , Prats-Galino A. 
Published: August 2016

(Anesth Analg. 2016;122:903–907)
The ligamentum flavum (LF) is an important structure for sensing loss of resistance, which is the technique used to find the epidural space when administering epidural anesthesia. However, due to individual variations, midline gaps, and inherent anatomical characteristics, there can be variations in the structure of the LF that make it difficult to accurately determine loss of resistance. The authors created an interactive 3-dimensional (3D) model of the spine using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images from healthy patients. In this article, they compared this reconstruction to results from cadavers to test the model and better determine the shape and structure of the LF.
Unilateral Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Catheter for the Treatment of Abdominal Wall Pain in Pregnancy
Authors: Miller E.C. , Szeto M. , Boet S. 
Published: August 2016

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015;40:720–722)
A transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block anesthetizes the abdominal wall from T6 to L1 and is often used on patients recovering from a variety of abdominal surgeries. This case report describes the use of a TAP block to manage abdominal wall pain in a pregnant patient, something which has not been reported until now.
Distinct Cortical Signatures Associated with Sedation and Respiratory Rate Depression by Morphine in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Montandon Gaspard , Cushing Sharon L. , Campbell Fiona , Propst Evan J. , Horner Richard L. , Narang Indra 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Opioid analgesia is an essential component of perioperative care, but effective analgesia can be limited by excessive sedation and respiratory depression. The cortical signatures associated with sedation by opioids and the relationship between changes in cortical activity and respiratory function are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to identify the electroencephalogram signatures of sedation and respiratory changes induced by morphine in a pediatric population after elective surgery.

Methods
After otologic surgery, patients (14.8 ± 2.8 yr, n = 10) stayed overnight for pain relief with morphine (3 to 10 mg), hydration, and clinical observation. Electroencephalogram activity and polysomnography were performed before and after morphine, and electroencephalogram spectral properties and cardiorespiratory activities were analyzed.

Results
Compared to wakefulness and non–rapid eye movement sleep, morphine reduced high-frequency β1 (13.5 to 20 Hz) and β2 (20 to 30Hz) electroencephalogram powers (n = 10) and decreased coherence between frontal and occipital β2 electroencephalogram activities (n = 9), therefore indicating that morphine induced a deep sedative state. Morphine also reduced respiratory rate by 8.3% (n = 10). Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between the reduction in β1 electroencephalogram activity and the depression in respiratory rate induced by morphine (R = 0.715, n = 10). With significant reduction in β1 power, respiratory rate was decreased by more than 25%, suggesting that reduction in cortical arousal is associated with the severity of respiratory rate depression.

Conclusions
Analgesic doses of morphine are associated with reduction in respiratory rate when accompanied by reduction in β1 electroencephalogram power, indicating a powerful effect of cortical arousal state per se in respiratory rate depression by morphine.
Unilateral Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Dysplasia in a Patient With Two Cervices
Authors: Gujral Harneet , Bennett Jennifer A. , Wright Kelly N. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
In a uterine didelphys with two cervices, cervical screening may not reveal the same abnormalities.

CASE:
We present a patient with a uterine didelphys with two cervices in a single vagina after resection of a longitudinal vaginal septum at age 12. She presented with abnormal Pap test results with the right and left cervices discordant from each other. Despite both cervices sharing stroma in the midline, her right cervix was negative for human papillomavirus (HPV) and dysplasia, while her left cervix was HPV positive with high-grade cervical dysplasia on an excisional specimen.

CONCLUSION:
Uterine didelphys with shared bilateral cervices will not necessarily share the same HPV status or have concordant dysplasia.
Surgical Management of a Heterotopic Cesarean Scar Pregnancy With Preservation of an Intrauterine Pregnancy
Authors: Vetter Monica Hagan , Andrzejewski Joseph , Murnane Alan , Lang Christopher 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
Spontaneously conceived heterotopic pregnancies are rare. A heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy involves an intrauterine pregnancy and a second pregnancy in the cesarean scar. Treatment approaches include both medical and surgical management. We present a surgical approach to the treatment of a heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy with preservation of an intrauterine gestation.

CASE:
A 29-year-old woman, gravida 4 para 1021, presented at 5 weeks of gestation with spotting. Ultrasonography revealed a heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy. The patient underwent resection of the ectopic pregnancy through minilaparotomy in an attempt to conserve the intrauterine pregnancy. She subsequently delivered an early-term neonate.

CONCLUSION:
Laparotomy with resection of the ectopic pregnancy is an option for treatment of an early heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy when the patient desires conservation of the intrauterine pregnancy. Excision was not associated with pregnancy complications.
Simulation Training for Forceps-Assisted Vaginal Delivery and Rates of Maternal Perineal Trauma
Authors: Gossett Dana R. , Gilchrist-Scott Douglas , Wayne Diane B. , Gerber Susan E. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the association of a forceps simulation training curriculum for obstetrics residents on rates of severe perineal lacerations after forceps deliveries.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study. We created a novel simulation curriculum for forceps-assisted vaginal delivery based on the best practices of local experts, and trained all residents beginning in 2013. We then retrospectively reviewed all forceps deliveries performed in the 2.5 years after initiation of the training and the 7.5 years before the training program. We identified patients who experienced a severe perineal laceration (third- or fourth-degree) and examined the relationship of resident training status and perineal laceration. Known risk factors for lacerations were identified and a multilevel multivariable model was created including these factors as well as resident training.

RESULTS:
During the study period, we identified 6,058 forceps-assisted vaginal deliveries. We examined temporal trends in rates of forceps of severe perineal laceration. We identified a decrease in severe lacerations between 2005 and 2008, ending 5 years before the initiation of the training curriculum. These years were censored from the data, yielding a baseline observational period of 4,279 deliveries with no significant trend in laceration rate. Univariate analysis reveals a 22% reduction in severe perineal laceration (odds ratio [OR] 0.78; P=.005) among women delivered by residents who had completed forceps simulation training compared with women delivered by residents who had not. After adjusting for known maternal and delivery risk factors for perineal laceration, the magnitude of the reduction increased to 26% in the full data set model (OR 0.74; P=.002).

CONCLUSION:
A forceps simulation curriculum for obstetrics residents was associated with a significant reduction in severe perineal lacerations.
Association of Recorded Estimated Fetal Weight and Cesarean Delivery in Attempted Vaginal Delivery at Term
Authors: Froehlich Rosemary J. , Sandoval Grecio , Bailit Jennifer L. , Grobman William A. , Reddy Uma M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Varner Michael W. , Thorp John M. , Prasad Mona , Tita Alan T.N. , Saade George , Sorokin Yoram , Blackwell Sean C. , Tolosa Jorge E. ,   MSCE, for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the association between documentation of estimated fetal weight, and its value, with cesarean delivery.

METHODS:
This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter observational cohort of 115,502 deliveries from 2008 to 2011. Data were abstracted by trained and certified study personnel. We included women at 37 weeks of gestation or greater attempting vaginal delivery with live, nonanomalous, singleton, vertex fetuses and no history of cesarean delivery. Rates and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for women with ultrasonography or clinical estimated fetal weight compared with women without documentation of estimated fetal weight. Further subgroup analyses were performed for estimated fetal weight categories (less than 3,500, 3,500–3,999, and 4,000 g or greater) stratified by diabetic status. Multivariable analyses were performed to adjust for important potential confounding variables.

RESULTS:
We included 64,030 women. Cesarean delivery rates were 18.5% in the ultrasound estimated fetal weight group, 13.4% in the clinical estimated fetal weight group, and 11.7% in the no documented estimated fetal weight group (P<.001). After adjustment (including for birth weight), the adjusted OR of cesarean delivery was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–1.58, P<.001) for women with ultrasound estimated fetal weight and 1.08 for clinical estimated fetal weight (95% CI 1.01–1.15, P=.017) compared with women with no documented estimated fetal weight (referent). The highest estimates of fetal weight conveyed the greatest odds of cesarean delivery. When ultrasound estimated fetal weight was 4,000 g or greater, the adjusted OR was 2.15 (95% CI 1.55–2.98, P<.001) in women without diabetes and 9.00 (95% CI 3.65–22.17, P<.001) in women with diabetes compared to those with estimated fetal weight less than 3,500 g.

CONCLUSION:
In this contemporary cohort of women attempting vaginal delivery at term, documentation of estimated fetal weight (obtained clinically or, particularly, by ultrasonography) was associated with increased odds of cesarean delivery. This relationship was strongest at higher fetal weight estimates, even after controlling for the effects of birth weight and other factors associated with increased cesarean delivery risk.