bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
الأوقاف على الحرمين الشَّريفين في العالم الإسلامي: الواقع والمشكلات والحلول
Authors: Bashir Mohammed Sharif 
Published: May 2017

<p dir="RTL" align="center">الملخص</p><h2 dir="RTL">يهدفُ هذا البحثُ إلى التعرف على واقع أوقاف الحرمين الشَّريفين، ويُحاولُ أنْ يُقدم تحليلاً للمشكلات والتحديات التي تواجهها، كما يهدفُ البحثُ إلى بيان المقصود بمصطلح أوقاف الحرمين الشَّريفين، ويوضح أهمية الوقف عليهما وضرورة تطويره، ويناقشُ البحثُ الحلول المُمكنة للتغلب على تلك المشكلات، وكيفية الاستجابة للتحديات الماثلة، استخدم البحثُ المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في التّعريف بالأوقاف على الحرمين الشَّريفين، وتحليل المشكلات والتحديات المتعلقة ببعض الجوانب الإدارية والتنظيمية والاستثمارية للأوقاف على الحرمين الشَّريفين، وتوصل البحث إلى نتائج مهمة من بينها أسباب المشكلات القائمة والحلول الممكنة التي ستؤدي إلى تحسين واقع الأوقاف على الحرمين الشَّريفين، كما يقدم البحث مقترحات عملية لتطوير أساليب الإدارة والاستثمار لأوقاف الحرمين الشَّريفين<strong>.</strong></h2><p dir="RTL">الكلمات المفتاحية: الوقف الإسلامي، اٌوقاف الحرمين الشَّريفين، مصارف الأوقاف، استثمار الوقف، إدارة الوقف.</p><p>Abstract:</p><p>This paper aims at recognizing the reality of the endowments of the Two Holy Mosques, through endowments definition of the Two Holy Mosques. It also identifies the most important problems and challenges, and discusses the investment and administrative aspects related to the endowments of the Two Holy Mosques. The present paper employs descriptive and analytical approaches. The main findings highlighted the most important challenges and difficulties for the endowments the Two Holy Mosques. This paper presents some useful policies and recommendations to develop and improve the investment and management of the endowments of the Two Holy Mosques.</p><p>Keywords: Islamic <em>Waqf, Awaqf</em> of the Two Holy Mosques, <em>Waqf</em> beneficiaries, endowment investment, endowment management. </p>
De ‘Trabalhador Migrante’ a ‘Cidadão Sul-Americano’: uma análise da política migratória multilateral
Authors: Gallegos Jacques Ramírez 
Published: May 2017

ResumoO presente artigo examina o tratamento dos assuntos migratórios na América do Sul de uma perspectiva multilateral. A tese central do texto é que tanto a CAN como o Mercosul tiveram uma visão unidimensional do assunto, na qual prevalecem os enfoques econômico-comerciais e veem os migrantes como “mão de obra”. Ao contrário dessa visão esta a UNASUL, que vem pensando o tema de maneira integral, superando a histórica divisão entre “migrantes desejáveis” e “não desejáveis” e recuperando a categoria de cidadania sul-americana como um elemento central para a integração regional.Palavras-chaves: migração, multilateralismo, integração, cidadania sul-americana. De ‘Trabajador Migrante’ a ‘Ciudadano Suramericano’: un análisis de la política migratoria multilateralResumenEl presente artículo examina el tratamiento de los asuntos migratorios en América del Sur desde una perspectiva multilateral. La tesis central del texto es que tanto la CAN (Comunidad Andina de Naciones) como MERCOSUR (Mercado Común del Sur) han tenido una mirada unidimensional donde prevalecen los enfoques económico comerciales y ven a los migrantes como ‘mano de obra’. Por el contrario, desde la UNASUR (Unión de Naciones Suramericanas) se ha pensando el tema de manera integral superando la histíricoa división entre ‘migrantes deseables’ y ‘no deseables’ y recuperando la categoría de ciudadanía suramericana como un elemento central para la integración regional.Palabras Claves: migración, multilateralismo, integración, ciudadania suramericana From 'Migrant Worker' to 'South American Citizen': an analysis of multilateral migration policySummaryThis article examines the treatment of migratory issues in South America from a multilateral perspective. The central argument holds that both the CAN (the Community of Andean Nations), and the MERCOSUR have a vision of migratory issues that is largely dictated by the prevalence of economic and commercial interests; a maniquean perspective that has reduced the role of migrants to that of a source of labor. UNASUR (Union of South American Nation), however, has set itself apart from other regional counterparts by approaching migratory issues from a more holistic perspective, thus overcoming the historical division between desireable and undesireable migrants, and thus recuperating the invaluable notion of South American citizenship as a bedrock of regional integration. Keywords: migration, multilateralism, integration, Sout Amerian citizenship.
Population Health Management: Is There Any Role for Orthopaedics?
Authors: Boden Scott D. , Smith Brian T. , Handley Matthew 
Published: May 2017

Abstract:
The next phase of health-care reform will accelerate the formation of integrated delivery systems and the creation of value and savings through population health management. Accomplishing this goal requires 3 key factors, including (1) enabling groups of physicians and hospitals to legally work together to cover a broad geographic area, (2) the formation of integrated delivery systems that cover the low to high-acuity and post-acute care spectrums, and (3) identifying mechanisms through which a subspecialty can impact the health of a population of patients.
At first glance, it would be easy to assume that this is largely a primary care initiative and that orthopaedic surgeons cannot influence population health since they often just repair things after they have broken or worn out. This symposium will challenge that assumption and demonstrate the potential for orthopaedic surgeons to play a major role in population health management. Some of the mechanisms include implementing shared decision-making for elective procedures, reducing premature/unnecessary imaging and subspecialty referrals, improving bone health (osteoporosis prevention and fall risk assessment), and developing payment methodologies to reward population-based, rather than individual-based, positive musculoskeletal outcomes.
Retracted Publications in Orthopaedics
Authors: Rai Rahul , Sabharwal Sanjeev 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Retracted publications are a crucial, yet overlooked, issue in the scientific community. The purpose of our study was to assess the prevalence, characteristics, and trends of retracted publications in the field of orthopaedics.

Methods:
Five databases were utilized to identify retracted publications in orthopaedics. The cited articles were assessed for various characteristics, including reason for retraction, based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines and trends over time.

Results:
From 1984 to June 4, 2016, 59 of 229,502 orthopaedic publications were retracted (3 per 10,000 articles). There was a spike in the prevalence (22 of 59) of retracted articles in 2015. When compared with the total number of retracted publications identified through PubMed, the field of orthopaedics represented 1.4% of all retracted publications. The original version of 47 of these 59 retracted publications was still available on the respective journal’s web site; 14 (30%) of these were not noted as having been retracted. The mean time from electronic publication to retraction was 19.4 ± 23.3 months. The mean number of citations of a retracted publication after the date of retraction was 9.3 ± 19.3. Reasons for retraction included plagiarism (32%), misconduct (27%), redundant publication (22%), miscalculation or experimental error (8%), and unethical research (0%); the reason for retraction was not stated for 10% of the publications. There was no correlation between a journal’s impact factor and the mean number of months to retraction (p = 0.564).

Conclusions:
While uncommon, the retraction of publications within the field of orthopaedics may be increasing. The most often cited reasons for retraction were plagiarism, misconduct, and redundant publication. Retracted articles continue to be cited in the literature after retraction.

Clinical Relevance:
Greater awareness of the COPE guidelines within the orthopaedic community and more efficient means to prevent the citation of retracted articles are needed.
New Steel Plate for Liquefied-Natural-Gas Storage Tank
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: May 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 183286, “New Steel Plate for LNG Storage Tank,” by T. Kagaya, H. Furuya, T. Kamo, Y. Takahashi, H. Wakamatsu, and T. Nagao, Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal; H. Nishigami and S. Tomita, Osaka Gas; and S. Hirai and M. Mitsumoto, Toyo Kanetsu, prepared for the 2016 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 7–10 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
For more than 50 years, 9% Ni steel with excellent mechanical properties at a cryogenic temperature of less than –162°C has been used as inner-tank material for liquefied-natural-gas (LNG) storage tanks. However, a reduction of the nickel content in steel can save construction costs of LNG storage tanks. A new steel plate for LNG storage tanks has been developed by optimizing chemical composition and applying recent thermomechanical-control-process (TMCP) technology.
Introduction
With demand for LNG rising, construction of above-ground LNG storage tanks is expected to increase. 9% Ni steel plate has excellent strength and cryogenic toughness. For LNG storage tanks, a double-integrity structure has been proposed to prevent peremptory destruction (Fig. 1).
Although a high safety standard is demanded for such steel plates, in terms of saving construction costs of LNG tanks, a reduction in the amount of nickel used was desired. The new steel plate, equivalent to conventional 9% Ni steel, has been developed by adopting a TMCP to obtain the refined microstructure and a large amount of retained austenite.
Development of New Steel Concept. In the development of the new steel, key technologies are application of the TMCP and optimization of chemical compositions. The properties of the base plate and welded joint of the new steel are equivalent to those of 9% Ni steel, with excellent brittle-crack-initiation resistance and brittle-crack-propagation-arresting capability.
A TMCP is a production process wherein the rolling temperature and cooling rate after rolling are controlled. TMCP technology, which improves strength, toughness, and weldability, was developed for use in shipbuilding steel or line-pipe steel. TMCP technology has been applied to plates for offshore structures, high-rise buildings, bridges, and several other structural applications. Microstructures obtained with TCMP technology are finer than those obtained with conventional processes.
The production process of the new steel is a combination of controlled rolling, accelerated cooling, and appropriate heat treatment (intermediate heat treatment, known as lamellarizing). A very fine martensitic microstructure is formed by controlling the previous austenite grain size in the heating process and rolling conditions in the uncrystallized zone and quenching in the accelerated cooling process after rolling. Retained austenite, which improves toughness, is also formed by lamellarizing and tempering after direct quenching. The amount of retained austenite of the new steel is greater than that of 9% Ni steel.
Technology Focus: High-Pressure/High-Temperature Challenges (April 2017)
Authors: Ziegler Robert 
Published: May 2017

Technology Focus
As I begin my term as reviewer for the High-Pressure/High-Temperature (HP/HT) Challenges feature in JPT, I look forward to reading the best work produced by our skilled and dedicated members and to following in the footsteps of the late Mike Payne, whose excellent work I know our readers and members appreciated. In my first feature, I elected to focus on selecting papers that offered a somewhat different theme than is often seen in the majority of papers presented at HP/HT conferences. Instead of selecting papers that were dedicated to material selection, I considered works that concentrated upon best practices and recently developed technologies that make operations in these difficult environments more efficient and far safer for crews and for the environment itself. The three papers I have chosen draw from a variety of locations (Malaysia, Vietnam, and the UAE) and illustrate methods of ensuring optimal cost savings and enhanced safety in HP/HT projects.
The first of these papers focuses on identification of pore-pressure uncertainties especially detrimental in HP/HT scenarios, requiring the appropriate contingencies in well planning, and offers an integrated approach to predict and weather these uncertainties. The second paper reviews best practices in managed-pressure-drilling systems for HP/HT wells, with respect to cost savings and increased drilling performance in the current low-oil-price scenario. The final paper discusses completion with expandable liner hangers in HP/HT environments, allowing the essential rotation and reciprocation during cementing while establishing an instantaneous seal at the liner lap after setting.
I hope that you enjoy these important papers that reflect our members’ innovation, dedication, and technical expertise.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
OTC 26663 Innovative Multitechnologies Collaboration for Ultra-HP/HT Offshore Fracturing Stimulation by Arya B. Christiawan, Schlumberger, et al.
IADC/SPE 178857 A Challenging HP/HT Operation Supported by Dynamic Real-Time Simulation, Forecasting, and 3D Visualization by Josef Nabavi, eDrilling, et al.
SPE/IADC 179184 MPD Application for Ultra-HP/HT Wellbore by Craig Starkey, Chevron, et al.
Uncertainty Quantification for History-Matching Problems
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: May 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 181611, “Uncertainty Quantification for History-Matching Problems With Multiple Best Matches Using a Distributed Gauss-Newton Method,” by Guohua Gao, SPE, Jeroen C. Vink, SPE, Chaohui Chen, SPE, Mohammadali Tarrahi, SPE, and Yaakoub El Khamra, Shell, prepared for the 2016 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dubai, 26–28 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
It is critically important for decision making and an extremely challenging task to quantify the uncertainty of model parameters and production forecasts properly after conditioning to production data. This paper presents a novel approach to generate approximate conditional realizations using the distributed Gauss-Newton (DGN) method together with a multiple local Gaussian approximation technique. Results are compared with those obtained from other approaches, such as randomized maximum likelihood (RML), ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), and Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC).
Introduction
It is well-known that oil- and gasfield development is a high-risk venture. Uncertainties originating from geological models (e.g., structure, stratigraphy, channels, and geobodies) are coupled with uncertainties of reservoir models (e.g., distribution of permeability and porosity in the reservoir) and uncertainties of economic parameters (e.g., oil and gas prices and costs associated with drilling and other operations). It is critically important to properly quantify the uncertainty of such parameters and their effect on production forecasts and economic evaluations. Recently, multiobjective-optimization techniques have been developed to maximize expectations of some economic indicators (e.g., net present value) and, at the same time, to minimize associated uncertainty or risk.
Because of limited access to the subsurface reservoir (e.g., it is impossible to measure the permeability and porosity at the location of each gridblock of a simulation model), reservoir properties have quite large uncertainties. In a greenfield, before starting production, available data are limited to static data or hard data such as core data, well-log data, well-testing data, and sometimes seismic data. Hence, it is necessary to generate multiple realizations of structural and petrophysical models with limited information, on the basis of prior estimates of the relative probability of each realization. Then, uncertainty in reservoir performance or production forecasting can be quantified (e.g., with design of experiment or with other techniques).
Generally, production profiles generated by running reservoir-simulation models with these prior realizations or unconditional realizations do not honor production data. Uncertain model parameters, such as permeability and porosity, potentially in each gridblock, have to be tuned so that the modified reservoir models are able to generate production profiles that are compatible with production data (e.g., by use of assisted history matching).
Analysis of Sandface-Temperature-Transient Data for Slightly Compressible, Single-Phase Reservoirs
Authors: Onur Mustafa , Cinar Murat 
Published: May 2017

Summary
This paper presents new semilog-straight-line and temperature-derivative methods for interpreting and analyzing sandface-temperature transient data from constant-rate drawdown and buildup tests conducted in infinite-acting reservoirs containing slightly compressible fluid of constant compressibility and viscosity. The procedures are dependent on the analytical solutions accounting for Joule-Thomson (J-T) heating/cooling, adiabatic-fluid expansion, and conduction and convection effects. The development of the analytical solutions is dependent on the fact that the effects of temperature changes on pressure-transient data can be neglected so that the pressure-diffusivity and thermal-energy-balance equations can be decoupled. The analytical solutions are verified by and are found in excellent agreement with the solutions of a commercial nonisothermal reservoir simulator. It is shown that drawdown and buildup sandface-temperature data may exhibit three infinite-acting radial-flow (IARF) periods (represented by semilog equations): one at early times reflecting the adiabatic expansion/compression effects, another at intermediate times reflecting the J-T expansion in the skin zone if skin exists, and the third at late times reflecting J-T expansion effects in the nonskin zone. Performing semilog analyses by use of these IARF regimes gives estimates of permeability of skin and nonskin zones as well as the radius of the skin zone, assuming that the J-T coefficient of the fluid and the viscosity are known. Parameters such as skin-zone permeability and radius are not readily accessible from conventional pressure-transient analysis (PTA) from which only the skin factor and nonskin-zone permeability can be obtained. The applicability of the proposed analysis procedure is demonstrated by considering synthetic and field-test data. The results indicate that the analysis procedure provides reliable estimates of skin-zone and nonskin-zone permeability and skin-zone radius from drawdown or buildup temperature data jointly with pressure data.
A Discrete, Arbitrarily Oriented 3D Plane-Source Analytical Solution to the Diffusivity Equation for Modeling Reservoir Fluid Flow
Authors: Bao Anqi , Hazlett Randy D. , Krishna Babu D.. 
Published: May 2017

Summary
A highly accurate and efficiently computable analytical solution to the diffusivity equation is presented for modeling fluid flow into a 3D, arbitrarily oriented plane sink within a box-shaped, anisotropic medium with Neumann boundary conditions. The plane sink represents a gathering system for a well stimulated by means of hydraulic fracturing. Our plane-source Neumann function arises from analytic double integration of the point-source solution to the diffusivity equation along two vectors, forming a parallelogram. A Neumann boundary condition is achieved by means of the method of images, resulting in triple infinite summations that are reduced with mathematical identities to a combination of closed-form expressions and infinite sums with exponential damping. Our solution forecasts time-dependent behavior of fractured wells, useful in interpreting field experiments for the characterization of fracturing efficacy, reservoir size, and matrix fluid-transport properties.
We demonstrate our model with two applications. One is pressure-transient analysis with identified flow regimes from a pressure vs. time plot. The other is pseudosteady-state (PSS) pressure mapping, simulating inflow from multiple fractures along the trajectory of a single horizontal well, which is achieved with superposition theory and adjustment of flux strength of each plane source to achieve a common pressure at each well/fracture intersection.
High‐Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detected X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy: A Powerful New Structural Tool in Environmental Biogeochemistry Sciences
Authors: Proux Olivier , Lahera Eric , Del Net William , Kieffer Isabelle , Rovezzi Mauro , Testemale Denis , Irar Mohammed , Thomas Sara , Aguilar‐Tapia Antonio , Bazarkina Elena F. , Prat Alain , Tella Marie , Auffan Mélanie , Rose Jérôme , Hazemann Jean‐Louis 
Published: May 2017

The study of the speciation of highly diluted elements by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is extremely challenging, especially in environmental biogeochemistry sciences. Here we present an innovative synchrotron spectroscopy technique: high‐energy resolution fluorescence detected XAS (HERFD‐XAS). With this approach, measurement of the XAS signal in fluorescence mode using a crystal analyzer spectrometer with a ∼1‐eV energy resolution helps to overcome restrictions on sample concentrations that can be typically measured with a solid‐state detector. We briefly describe the method, from both an instrumental and spectroscopic point of view, and emphasize the effects of energy resolution on the XAS measurements. We then illustrate the positive impact of this technique in terms of detection limit with two examples dealing with Ce in ecologically relevant organisms and with Hg species in natural environments. The sharp and well‐marked features of the HERFD–X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectra obtained enable us to determine unambiguously and with greater precision the speciation of the probed elements. This is a major technological advance, with strong benefits for the study of highly diluted elements using XAS. It also opens new possibilities to explore the speciation of a target chemical element at natural concentration levels, which is critical in the fields of environmental and biogeochemistry sciences.Core Ideas
Study shows high‐resolution spectroscopic data for an improved speciation determination.
Speciation of trace elements down and below the μg g−1 level is shown.
Measurements are made in vivo or at natural concentration.