bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of lung clearance index in a clinical setting in pre-school children
Authors: Downing Barrett , Irving Samantha , Bingham Yvonne , Fleming Louise , Bush Andrew , Saglani Sejal 
Published: July 2016

Lung function testing in pre-school children in the clinical setting is challenging. Most cannot perform spirometry and many infant lung function tests require sedation. Lung clearance index (LCI) derived from the multiple-breath washout (MBW) test has been shown to be sensitive to early disease changes but may be time consuming and so a shortened test (LCI0.5) may be more feasible in young children. We sought to establish feasibility of MBW in unsedated pre-school children in a clinic setting and hypothesised use of LCI0.5would increase success rates.116 pre-school children (28 healthy controls and 88 with respiratory disease), median age 4.0 years (range 2–6 years), underwent MBW tests unsedated in a clinic setting, using sulfur hexafluoride as a tracer gas and an adapted photoacoustic gas analyser.81 (70%) out of 116 children completed LCI and 72% completed LCI0.5measurement. Test success increased significantly in patients over 3 years (0% at <2.5 years, 33% at 2.5–3 years and 70% at >3 years, p<0.0001). LCI was elevated in those with respiratory disease compared with healthy controls.MBW is feasible in a clinic setting in unsedated pre-schoolers, particularly in those >3 years old, and LCI is raised in those with respiratory disease. Use of LCI0.5did not increase success rate in pre-schoolers.
Expression and knockdown of zebrafish folliculin suggests requirement for embryonic brain morphogenesis
Authors: Kenyon Emma J. , Luijten Monique N. H. , Gill Harmeet , Li Nan , Rawlings Matthew , Bull James C. , Hadzhiev Yavor , van Steensel Maurice A. M. , Maher Eamonn , Mueller Ferenc 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is a dominantly inherited familial cancer syndrome characterised by the development of benign skin fibrofolliculomas, multiple lung and kidney cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax and susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma. BHD is caused by mutations in the gene encoding Folliculin (FLCN). Little is known about what FLCN does in a healthy individual and how best to treat those with BHD. As a first approach to developing a vertebrate model for BHD we aimed to identify the temporal and spatial expression of flcn transcripts in the developing zebrafish embryo. To gain insights into the function of flcn in a whole organism system we generated a loss of function model of flcn by the use of morpholino knockdown in zebrafish.

Results
flcn is expressed broadly and upregulated in the fin bud, somites, eye and proliferative regions of the brain of the Long-pec stage zebrafish embryos. Together with knockdown phenotypes, expression analysis suggest involvement of flcn in zebrafish embryonic brain development. We have utilised the zFucci system, an in vivo, whole organism cell cycle assay to study the potential role of flcn in brain development. We found that at the 18 somite stage there was a significant drop in cells in the S-M phase of the cell cycle in flcn morpholino injected embryos with a corresponding increase of cells in the G1 phase. This was particularly evident in the brain, retina and somites of the embryo. Timelapse analysis of the head region of flcn morpholino injected and mismatch control embryos shows the temporal dynamics of cell cycle misregulation during development.

Conclusions
In conclusion we show that zebrafish flcn is expressed in a non-uniform manner and is likely required for the maintenance of correct cell cycle regulation during embryonic development. We demonstrate the utilisation of the zFucci system in testing the role of flcn in cell proliferation and suggest a function for flcn in regulating cell proliferation in vertebrate embryonic brain development.
Line search fixed point algorithms based on nonlinear conjugate gradient directions: application to constrained smooth convex optimization
Authors: Iiduka Hideaki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper considers the fixed point problem for a nonexpansive mapping on a real Hilbert space and proposes novel line search fixed point algorithms to accelerate the search. The termination conditions for the line search are based on the well-known Wolfe conditions that are used to ensure the convergence and stability of unconstrained optimization algorithms. The directions to search for fixed points are generated by using the ideas of the steepest descent direction and conventional nonlinear conjugate gradient directions for unconstrained optimization. We perform convergence as well as convergence rate analyses on the algorithms for solving the fixed point problem under certain assumptions. The main contribution of this paper is to make a concrete response to an issue of constrained smooth convex optimization; that is, whether or not we can devise nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithms to solve constrained smooth convex optimization problems. We show that the proposed fixed point algorithms include ones with nonlinear conjugate gradient directions which can solve constrained smooth convex optimization problems. To illustrate the practicality of the algorithms, we apply them to concrete constrained smooth convex optimization problems, such as constrained quadratic programming problems and generalized convex feasibility problems, and numerically compare them with previous algorithms based on the Krasnosel’skiĭ-Mann fixed point algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithms dramatically reduce the running time and iterations needed to find optimal solutions to the concrete optimization problems compared with the previous algorithms.
Short-term effects of vacuum massage on epidermal and dermal thickness and density in burn scars: an experimental study
Authors: Meirte Jill , Moortgat Peter , Anthonissen Mieke , Maertens Koen , Lafaire Cynthia , De Cuyper Lieve , Hubens Guy , Van Daele Ulrike 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background
Vacuum massage is a non-invasive mechanical massage technique invented to treat burns and scars. To date, no effects of vacuum massage on thickness and density of human scar tissue have been reported. The process in which external stimuli are converted into biochemical responses in the cell is known as mechanotransduction. In the skin endothelial cells, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM) sense mechanical stimuli (created by vacuum massage) and may promote intracellular processes leading to matrix remodelling. Since mechanotransduction could be a plausible working mechanism for vacuum massage as an anti-scarring therapy, this study aims to investigate the short-term effects of vacuum massage on thickness and density of epidermis and dermis in burn scars in order to find proof of ECM remodelling.

Methods
A one group experimental study was performed. Patients with burn scars on upper extremities, lower extremities, and trunk were recruited for participation in this study. The DUB®cutis 22 MHz ultrasound scanner was used to assess thickness and density of the epidermal and dermal skin layers. After baseline measurements, vacuum massage was performed according to a pre-defined protocol. Measurements were carried out at 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h post-intervention.

Results
Thirteen scar sites from 9 different patients were investigated. In 8 out of the 13 scar sites, a disruption of the epidermis was noticed after the vacuum massage. Five minutes after the intervention, epidermal density decreased statistically significantly (p = .022) and dermal thickness increased (p = .018). Both changes lasted for more than 1 h, but after 2 h, the changes were no longer statistically significant. Dermal density decreased significantly (p = .048) immediately after the intervention, and this decrease was still present after 2 h (p = .011).

Conclusions
Preliminary results show that the disruption of the epidermis may indicate that vacuum massage could be able to actually breach the skin barrier. The statistically significant changes in the dermal layers could suggest an increased ECM production after vacuum massage.
Baseline characteristics and treatment-emergent risk factors associated with cerebrovascular event and death with risperidone in dementia patients
Authors: Howard Robert , Costafreda Sergi G. , Karcher Keith , Coppola Danielle , Berlin Jesse A. , Hough David 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundUse of antipsychotics to treat behavioural symptoms of dementia has been associated with increased risks of mortality and stroke. Little is known about individual patient characteristics that might be associated with bad or good outcomes.AimsWe examined the risperidone clinical trial data to look for individual patient characteristics associated with these adverse outcomes.MethodData from all double-blind randomised controlled trials of risperidone in dementia patients (risperidone n = 1009, placebo n = 712) were included. Associations between characteristics and outcome were analysed based on crude incidences and exposure-adjusted incidence rates, and by time-to-event analyses using Cox proportional hazards regression. Interactions between treatment (risperidone or placebo) and characteristic were analysed with a Cox proportional hazards regression model with main effects for treatment and characteristic in addition to the interaction term.ResultsBaseline complications of depression (treatment by risk factor interaction on cerebrovascular adverse event (CVAE) hazard ratio (HR): P = 0.025) and delusions (P = 0.043) were associated with a lower relative risk of CVAE in risperidone-treated patients (HR = 1.47 and 0.54, respectively) compared to not having the complication (HR = 5.88 and 4.16). For mortality, the only significant baseline predictor in patients treated with risperidone was depression, which was associated with a lower relative risk (P<0.001). The relative risk of mortality was increased in risperidone patients treated with anti-inflammatory medications (P = 0.021).ConclusionsOnly anti-inflammatory medications increased mortality risk with risperidone. The reduced risks of CVAE in patients with comorbid depression and delusions, and of mortality with depression, may have clinical implications when weighing the benefits and risks of treatment with risperidone in patients with dementia.
THE LEGITIMIZATION OF INSTITUTIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY IN THE POLITICO-LEGAL SPACE OF RUSSIA: PECULIARITIES OF MENTAL MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Мордовцев Андрей , Mordovtsev Andrey 
Published: July 2016

The article highlighted the structural elements of mental measurement processes and factors of legitimation of State authority in the domestic political and legal space. The focus is on the two alternative models of post-Soviet State-legal construction, both conservative and Liberal, which largely determines the logic of national
statehood at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries. In this context, the
author highlights the specificity of the legitimation of power institutions,
identifies the basic parameters of its study, raises questions
about the possible prospects for the modernization of the power relations
in the context of Russian culture-civilizational identity.
THOUGHTS OF THE CONTENTS AND PROSPECTS OF LEGAL INSTITUTE OF REDISTRIBUTION OF MUNICIPAL POWERS
Authors: Соловьев Сергей , Solovyev Syergyey 
Published: July 2016

This research paper is about the conceptual, theoretical and practical aspects of legal institute of authority redistribution between local government bodies and the bodies of the Russian Federation state power. Prerequisites for introduction, the content and an expert estimates of specified legal Institute prospects are
investigated in the paper. From the goal-setting theory position in the study the main objectives for which achievement the local selfgovernment was included in the state system mechanism of the Russian Federation are formulated and author&#180;s vision of hierarchy of these purposes is offered. Considering the hierarchy of local
self-government objectives attempt to estimate the prospects of improvement
the authority redistribution mechanism between local self-government bodies and the bodies of the Russian Federation state power is made and also to formulate the prediction of rather probabilistic results of analyzed legal institute introduction to the
local self-government modern system. Research is executed with financial support of RGNF. Project «Improvement of System of the Conceptual and Ideological Bases
of Local Government Fixed in Legal System of the Russian Federation
» No. 16-03-50015.
Exploring manual handling practices by informal carers
Authors: Thomas Kate E , Broady Timothy R , James Carole L 
Published: July 2016

Background/Aims: Manual handling is a significant component in the role of an informal carer. This research aimed to understand the manual handling needs and practices of informal primary carers. Methods: This qualitative study utilised semi-structured face-to-face interviews to gather data from one male and female carer living in the community with a spouse with Parkinson's disease. Using comparative thematic analysis, categories and themes emerged from the detailed descriptions of the lived experiences. Findings: Three main themes emerged from the data: 1. Carer experience: manual handling was a daily task, however care recipients sometimes assisted in a modified environment; and carers utilised previous experiences; 2. Equipment: a variety of prescribed and non-prescribed equipment was used, however limited training was provided; 3. Perceived needs: identified needs included education on manual handling techniques, physical exercises for carers, equipment information, financial assistance for equipment and increased formal support. Conclusions: A lack of assistance for Australian informal carers with manual handling in relation to information provision, training and awareness of equipment and supports was highlighted. There is a need for increased carer awareness of services and support group networks, as well as for health professionals to deliver relevant advice to carers as part of service provision to care recipients.
Influence of a Carbon Tax on Low-Carbon Trade Competitiveness of the Paper-Making Industry
Authors: Lin Weiming , Zheng Yi , Dai Yongwu 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Policies to constrain carbon emissions, such as the carbon tax, have made low-carbon trade competitiveness (LCTC) a significant tendency in research concerning industrial international competitiveness. However, few empirical studies have analyzed the influence of a carbon tax on LCTC. We combined the trade competitiveness index and industrial carbon productivity to construct an industrial LCTC index that can analyze carbon emissions performance and international competitiveness. We then used the LCTC index to build a dynamic panel model with its potential factors, which was estimated by system generalized method of moments method based on panel data of 38 countries between 1995 and 2009. We found evidence that a carbon tax exerts an indirect positive influence on the LCTC of the paper-making industry by stimulating technological innovation. The policy implications suggest that, considering the increasingly intensified countermeasures against carbon leakage, governments should strengthen the promotion mechanism of technological innovation to guarantee the positive effects of a carbon tax.
Effect of Thermal Treatment on Functional Groups and Degree of Cellulose Crystallinity of Eucalyptus Wood (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla)
Authors: Cheng Xi Yi , Li Xian Jun , Xu Kang , Huang Qiong Tao , Sun Hong Nan , Wu Yi Qiang 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In this study, eucalyptus wood was subjected to thermal treatment with super-heated steam under various conditions. The effects of temperature and exposure time on the functional groups and degree of cellulose crystallinity of the eucalyptus wood (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) were analyzed. The results showed that the thermal treatment caused significant changes in the chemical composition and structure of wood. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) absorption peaks of the hydroxyl group decreased from 3,425 to 3,250 cm−1 for all thermally treated samples. Higher treatment temperature and extended exposure led to the lower methyl levels, with almost no methyl present at 220°C. The aromatic ring first increased and then decreased with increasing temperature and exposure time. The carbonyl group maintained the same intensity, with small fluctuations, across the different thermal treatment conditions. Compared with the untreated wood sample, the X-ray diffraction peak position of thermally treated samples shifted slightly left from 22.02° to 21.06°, and the distance between crystal planes increased. The degree of cellulose crystallinity of eucalyptus wood was affected significantly by treatment temperature with a confidence level of 99 percent.
Influence of Environmental Factors on Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Plywood Tested by a Rapid Detection Method
Authors: Qifan Wang , Jun Shen , Yang Zhao , Wanjun Liu 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
At certain concentrations, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may harm people's health. This article introduces a new rapid detection method for testing VOCs released from three-layer plywood. A Micro-Chamber/Thermal Extractor was used to analyze the effect of environmental factors on release characteristics of VOCs in the stable phase, and a single-factor experiment was used to analyze the release of VOCs under different temperatures, relative humidity levels, and ratios of air exchange rate–to–loading factor, by using the rapid sampling device together with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, and esters were the main components of VOC emissions released from three-layer plywood. The percentage of VOC components in the stable phase changed as the single factors changed. Temperature has the greatest impact on the percentage of VOC components. The VOC concentration increased as temperature and relative humidity increased but decreased as the ratio of air exchange rate–to–loading factor increased. Temperature had a greater impact on VOC release from three-layer plywood than did relative humidity or the air exchange rate–to–loading factor ratio.
‘He should have put them in the freezer’: Creating and connecting through shared reading
Authors: Jones Susan , Harvey Kevin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Shared reading involves reading short stories, poems, novels and plays aloud with groups of people who meet in a range of settings. Readings are conducted by a facilitator, after which the group members share their responses to the texts. The social and therapeutic benefits of shared reading have been well-documented, often with an emphasis on the role of literature in improving the well-being of individuals. In this article, we bring together our backgrounds in the study of sociolinguistics and literacy education to discuss the work of an inner city shared reading group with which we are both involved. The emphasis in the shared reading we present is on the members’ active and agentive participation in the co-construction of meaning through shared reading and the discussion of texts. We argue that a focus on the collaborative aspect of shared reading contributes to understanding of the role it can play in supporting inclusive, participatory arts practice in communities.
The Melbourne East Monash General Practice Database (MAGNET): Using data from computerised medical records to create a platform for primary care and health services research
Authors: Mazza Danielle , Pearce Christopher , Turner Lyle Robert , De Leon-Santiago Maria , McLeod Adam , Ferriggi Jason , Shearer Marianne 
Published: July 2016

The Melbourne East MonAsh GeNeral PracticE DaTabase (MAGNET) research platform was launched in 2013 to provide a unique data source for primary care and health services research in Australia. MAGNET contains information from the computerised records of 50 participating general practices and includes data from the computerised medical records of more than 1,100,000 patients. The data extracted is patient-level episodic information and includes a variety of fields related to patient demographics and historical clinical information, along with the characteristics of the participating general practices. While there are limitations to the data that is currently available, the MAGNET research platform continues to investigate other avenues for improving the breadth and quality of data, with the aim of providing a more comprehensive picture of primary care in Australia
Endocrown: a conservative approach
Authors: Menezes-Silva Rafael , Espinoza Carlos Andres Villavicencio , Atta Maria Tereza , Navarro Maria Fidela de Lima , Ishikiriama Sergio Kiyoshi , Mondelli Rafael Francisco Lia 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT The purpose of this clinical case description article was to present the planning sequence, indication, treatment and performance to obtain a crown of the Endocrown type. This clinical case description article illustrates a therapeutic option for functional and esthetic rehabilitation of a devitalized mandibular molar, presenting a small amount of remaining coronal tooth structure, by means of cementing a pure porcelain crown of the Endocrown type (Adhesive Endodontic Crown). A 39-year-old woman presented to the Graduate clinic of the Bauru Dental School (FOB), University of São Paulo (USP), with the complaint that tooth #36 had an extensive and unsatisfactory composite resin restoration. The lithium disilicate-based system of monolithic porcelain was used with the lost wax technique. This therapy promoted the stability and retention of the indirect restoration, without the need for performing reconstruction of the above mentioned tooth, either by means of a cast metal core or reconstruction with intracanal post, thereby reducing the treatment time. After the tooth preparation, the provisional restoration was done with acrylic resin to determine if the retention and stability of the remaining tooth was adequate to receive the indirect Endocrown restoration. The characteristics of the internal and external walls of the dental remnants, cervical termination, impression-taking, laboratory stages and adhesive cementation will be discussed. The major advantage of indicating an endocrown is the use of the dental remnants itself, particularly the pulp chamber, to promote retention and stability in cases without adequate height for performing complete dental and crown reconstruction.KeywordsAdhesive endodontic crown; Devitalized tooth; Lithium dissilicate.