bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tackling transparency in UK politics: application of large language models to clustering and classification of UK parliamentary divisions
Authors: Lilley Joshua , Townley Stuart 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor a healthier democracy in the UK, novel methods of visualising political data are key to improving transparency, and encouraging engagement. The paper proposes a visualisation tool, using Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT3.5 and GPT4, to conduct Natural Language Processing (NLP) in a novel methodology. We investigate partisan voting profiles, specifically of the Conservative, Labour, and Liberal Democrat parties along 11 predetermined dimensions, ranging from Immigration and Borders, over Welfare and Social Housing, to European Union and Foreign Affairs. Higher order dimensions reveals shifts in party preference over time, while clear trends of more extreme voting behaviour can be seen across parties between 2016 and 2023. The novel visualisation methodology reveals that voting behaviour has become more polarised along party lines, with Labour becoming more left-wing and Conservatives becoming more right-wing regarding most political topics. Liberal Democrats voting behaviour has typically been those of an opposition party, albeit becoming somewhat more extreme.
Modification of activated carbon to enhance the absorption of PCDD/F and dl-PCBs emissions in flue gas in South Africa
Authors: Themba Nomathemba , Sibali Linda L. , Chokwe Tlou B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractActivated carbon (AC) adsorption is commonly used for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) removal from flue gas. However, the AC available in the market predominantly possesses a substantial specific surface area and numerous micropores leading to significant variations in their adsorption characteristics. In this study, three types of activated carbon (AC) impregnated with different activating agents, namely K2CO3, KOH, and H3PO4 were evaluated for their effectiveness in removing PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs compounds. For dl-PCBs, AC impregnated with H3PO4 resulted in a substantial reduction of PCB concentrations with an impressive 98% reduction achieved. Impregnation with KOH proved even more effective attaining a remarkable 99% reduction. In contrast, impregnation with K2CO3 while still effective achieved a slightly lower reduction rate of 95%. For PCDD/F, LACH3PO4 showed selectivity in achieving high reductions across both CDD and CDF congeners however proved effective in reducing the ∑PCCDF from 403.94 ng/Nm3 to 3.463 ng/Nm3 and ∑TEQ from 41.34 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 to 0.35 ng I-TEQ Nm3. LACKOH proved effective in reducing the ∑PCCDF from 540.45 ng/Nm3 to 0.25 ng/Nm3 and ∑TEQ from 57.42 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 to 0.12 ng I-TEQ Nm3 obtaining the overall removal efficiency of 99.5%. While the LACKOH injections were successful in the absorption of PCDD/Fs from the gas phase, it was observed that certain PCDD/F congeners became desorbed and entrapped within the ash necessitating further treatment of the ash residue. The ash underwent a thermal treatment first at 300 °C and 500 °C. The thermal treatment at 500 °C achieved a remarkable degradation of 99.7% removal efficiency rendering the ash and residue safe for disposal in a landfill site.
Graphical Abstract
Personalization of pharmacotherapy with sirolimus based on volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) in pediatric renal transplant recipients—from LC-MS/MS method validation to clinical application
Authors: Kocur Arkadiusz , Czajkowska Agnieszka , Rębis Kamila , Rubik Jacek , Moczulski Mateusz , Kot Bartłomiej , Sierakowski Maciej , Pawiński Tomasz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The benefits of pharmacotherapy with sirolimus (SIR) in pediatric transplant recipients are well established. Traditionally, whole blood samples have been used to measure SIR concentrations. Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) is an alternative sampling strategy suitable for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM). In this study, we developed and validated two liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for determining SIR concentrations in whole blood (WB) and capillary whole blood samples collected using a VAMS-Mitra™ device.

Methods
We used protein precipitation during WB sample preparation and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with methyl tert-butyl ether for VAMS sample preparation to optimise the analyte extraction process. The described validation protocols were cross-validated, confirming the equivalence of the whole-blood and VAMS-based methods. Furthermore, the developed methods were evaluated in two three-level rounds of an external proficiency-testing scheme.

Results
The analytical methods were successfully validated within the calibration range of SIR (0.5–60 ng/ml). The validation parameters met the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology (IATDM&CT) acceptance criteria. No hematocrit (tested in the range of 24.3–64.1%), matrix, or carry-over effects were observed. Cross-validation confirmed the interchangeability between VAMS-LC-MS/MS and WB-LC-MS/MS methods. The developed methods were successfully implemented for SIR determination in 140 clinical samples (70 each of WB and VAMS) from pediatric renal transplant recipients, demonstrating their practicality and reliability.

Conclusion
The VAMS-based method has been rigorously tested and is clinically equivalent to the reference WB-LC-MS/MS method. Additionally, clinical validation confirmed the utility of the presented methods for TDM of the SIR in the pediatric population after renal transplantation.

Graphical abstract
Usages of metaheuristic algorithms in investigating civil infrastructure optimization models; a review
Authors: Ghaemifard Saeedeh , Ghannadiasl Amin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOptimization is the process of creating the best possible outcome while taking into consideration the given conditions. The ultimate goal of optimization is to maximize or minimize the desired effects to meet the technological and management requirements. When faced with a problem that has several possible solutions, an optimization technique is used to identify the best one. This involves checking different search domains at the right time, depending on the specific problem. To solve these optimization problems, nature-inspired algorithms are used as part of stochastic methods. In civil engineering, numerous design optimization problems are nonlinear and can be difficult to solve via traditional techniques. In such points, metaheuristic algorithms can be a more useful and practical option for civil engineering usages. These algorithms combine randomness and decisive paths to compare multiple solutions and select the most satisfactory one. This article briefly presents and discusses the application and efficiency of various metaheuristic algorithms in civil engineering topics.
Sport von Jugendlichen in der Freizeit vor dem Hintergrund gesellschaftlicher Trends
Authors: Burrmann Ulrike , Dreiskämper Dennis , Henning Lena 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund von gesellschaftlichen Trends, die sich mit der Scholarisierung von Freizeit, Versportung jugendlicher Körper und Fitnesssport als neuem Sporttrend verschlagworten lassen, wird untersucht, welchen Stellenwert sportliche Aktivitäten in der Freizeit von Jugendlichen einnehmen und wie attraktiv der Sportverein im Vergleich zu anderen Sportsettings ist. Vor allem werden zeitliche Veränderungen in den Blick genommen. Zurückgegriffen wird auf Daten einer bundesweit repräsentativen Jugendsportstudie, die im Sommer 2023 als Online-Umfrage mit 1978 13- bis 17-Jährigen im Rahmen des Move-For-Health-Projekts (MFH) durchgeführt wurde. Die MFH-Daten werden mit der 2012 durchgeführten Studie „Jugend und Sport – Online“ verglichen, die Daten einer Zufallstichprobe von 1662 Altersgleichen enthält. Als Ergebnisse lassen sich festhalten: „Sportmachen“ nimmt nach wie vor einen großen Stellenwert bei Jugendlichen ein. 60 % der Befragten geben an, regelmäßig sportlich aktiv zu sein. Etwa 42 % der Jugendlichen sind in einem Sportverein aktiv, 13 % nutzen kommerzielle Sportangebote, 27 % gehen ihren Sportaktivitäten auch informell nach. Alles in allem weisen die Befunde darauf hin, dass die skizzierten gesellschaftlichen Trends mit einem veränderten Freizeit- und Sportverhalten von jungen Menschen einhergehen. Insbesondere die seit vielen Jahrzehnten postulierte These von der Versportung des Jugendalters scheint nach der Pandemie allerdings etwas ins Wanken geraten zu sein. Die Sportbeteiligung von Jugendlichen in der Freizeit ist deutlich gesunken. Inwieweit sich diese Entwicklungen fortsetzen oder kurzfristige Folgen der Pandemie sind, sollte weiter beobachtet werden.
Prädiktoren von regelmäßiger sportlicher Aktivität, Sportvereinsmitgliedschaft und mentaler Gesundheit von Jugendlichen – Ergebnisse der für Deutschland repräsentativen Move For Health-Studie
Authors: Henning Lena , Burrmann Ulrike , Göttlich Eva , Dreiskämper Dennis 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Zahl der Jugendlichen mit verminderter Lebensqualität und psychischen Auffälligkeiten hat sich auf einem hohen Niveau stabilisiert (Ravens-Sieberer et al. 2023a). Sportliche Aktivität ist positiv mit der mentalen Gesundheit von Jugendlichen assoziiert (Kohake et al. 2024), was auf das Potenzial sportlicher Aktivität für die Gesundheitsförderung hindeutet. Allerdings zeigen Studien (Kuntz et al. 2018), dass bestimmte Ungleichheitsmerkmale die sportliche Aktivität und mentale Gesundheit beeinflussen.Im Rahmen des vom BMFSFJ geförderten Projekts Move For Health wurden erstmals seit zwölf Jahren deutschlandweit repräsentative Daten zur sportlichen Aktivität von Jugendlichen und ihrer mentalen Gesundheit erhoben. Zusammenhänge sowie die Bedeutung von vertikalen (z. B. Bildung, Armut) und horizontalen Ungleichheitsmerkmalen (z. B. Alter, Geschlecht, Migrationsgeschichte, Familienstand, körperliche Beeinträchtigung) auf die sportliche Aktivität und mentale Gesundheit wurden bei 1978 Jugendlichen (13–17 Jahre; M = 15,0, SD = 1,4; weiblich: 51,2 %) mithilfe von Korrelations- und Regressionsanalysen überprüft. Dabei wurden auch bislang noch wenig untersuchte Ungleichheitsmerkmale einbezogen (z. B. Diagnose eines Förderbedarfs). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sportliche Aktivität und mentale Gesundheit schwach korrelieren. Eine geringere Bildung der Eltern, der Bezug staatlicher Unterstützungsleistung, ein diagnostizierter Förderbedarf, keine Vollerwerbstätigkeit in der Familie und ein höheres Alter verringern die Wahrscheinlichkeit für sportliche Aktivität. Der Bezug staatlicher Unterstützungsleistungen, ein diagnostizierter Förderbedarf und weibliches Geschlecht verringern die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine gute mentale Gesundheit. Längsschnittdaten sind nötig, um die Richtung des Zusammenhangs zwischen sportlicher Aktivität und mentaler Gesundheit zu untersuchen. Interventionen zur Förderung von sportlicher Aktivität und mentaler Gesundheit sollten gezielt auf weniger aktive Zielgruppen ausgerichtet sein und nicht dem „One-fits-all“-Prinzip folgen.
Macroeconomic Influences on Recycling in Europe: An Econometric Investigation
Authors: Holmen Rasmus Bøgh , Carvelli Gianni , Razminienė Kristina , Tvaronavičienė Manuela 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile the circular economy has garnered significant attention over the last two decades, few studies have explored the relationship between recycling and macroeconomic conditions. This paper aims to elucidate how macroeconomic factors influence and correlate with recycling indicators, focusing on European waste management. First, we analyze how macroeconomic indicators impact key circular economy indicators related to waste management, considering 27 European countries from 2000 to 2019, categorized into Western, Southern, and Eastern Europe. An ordinary least squares model serves as a baseline for comparison with a fixed effects model and a model with regional and time dummies. As a response to Ferrante and Germani's (2020) call for more research on causal studies of this kind, we also address reverse causality both by testing for panel data Granger causality and by applying the dynamic panel data approach developed by Arellano and Bond (1991). Second, we investigate variations in circular economic performance across European regions and countries, both before and after controlling for the macroeconomic context. The empirical analysis reveals a substantial correlation between circular economy indicators and key macroeconomic conditions, but we do not find evidence supporting causal impacts from macroeconomic circumstances in the short run. Regional examinations unveil disparities in circular economic performance, with Western Europe generally surpassing Southern and Eastern Europe. However, these patterns align more closely when considering the macroeconomic context. The methodologies employed in the study may prove valuable for future research on the circular economy and its relation to macroeconomic influences.
Phenomenal explanationism and non-inferential justification
Authors: Piazza Tommaso 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this note, I argue that McCain and Moretti’s account of non-inferential justification is subject to the subjective point of view objection, and that for this reason, it does not provide an internalistically acceptable alternative to the account of this justification supplied by Huemer’s Phenomenal Conservatism (PC). Moreover, I contend that PC’s account is not afflicted by the same problem and that it does not generate the over-intellectualization and regress problem. Finally, contra McCain and Moretti, I argue that the non-inferential justification described by PC does not engender a form of vicious epistemic circularity, and so that it does not raise the reflective awareness problem.
Perception, problems, and risks to climate change adaptation: A study adjacent to sundarbans mangrove forest, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Akramul , Das Biplab Chandra , Ali Eakub , Dey Tanmoy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe south-western coastal area of Bangladesh proximity to Sundarbans is a hot spot of climate change. The perception and problems along with associated risks to the adaptation of climate change are not well understood. However, the present study was conducted in 2020–2021 through a multistage sampling technique, questionnaire survey, and focus group discussions (FGD). In addition, the Likert scale and the INFORM model are used to understand perceptions, problems, and extent of risks response to climate change adaptation in the study area. This study illustrates that early-aged illiterate, medium families (5–7 in numbers) and $ 18.45–$ 36.88 per month income level are more susceptible to the adaptation of climate change. The majority of the respondents are dependent on natural resources, such as rainwater (67.3%), dried leaves (65.4%, and fishing from Sundarbans (80.6%). Besides, most of the respondents experienced disasters (66.7%), water logging and salinity (65.05%), waterborne diseases (89.5%), and monetary problems (81%), which forced them to stay in a more critical lifestyle. The perception level was high in the unconcerned level (77.15%) followed by concerned (11.4%) and very concerned (9.5%), while only 1.95% showed neutral and none of them were very concerned. Likewise, in the study region, respondents are confronted with a variety of risks and exposure (42%), vulnerabilities (33%), and lack of capacity (25%). Also, significant differences in perception level and no significant differences were observed in risk level in this study. These findings insights into the necessity of educational and financial interventions to optimize identified risks and problems and increase the perception level of effective policy-making processes and adaptation strategies to the adaptation of climate change.
Recycling of RAP (Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement) as aggregate for structural concrete: experimental study on physical and mechanical properties
Authors: Russo Nicoletta , Filippi Andrea , Carsana Maddalena , Lollini Federica , Redaelli Elena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe replacement of natural aggregate in concrete with artificial and/or recycled one has recently gained attention as meaningful strategy to reduce the environmental impact of structural concrete and promote circular economy principles. This study investigated the possibility to use Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), in the “as received conditions”, as a partial or complete substitution of natural aggregate for structural concrete. RAP aggregate was firstly characterized in terms of grain size distribution, density, assessment of fines, chloride content, moisture content and water absorption. Subsequently, a total of twenty-four concrete mixes were designed, considering two cement types, two w/c ratios and several aggregate substitution percentages. For each mix, properties at the fresh and hardened state were investigated, such as workability, density and total open porosity, compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, and electrical resistivity. Results showed that RAP has a good potential to be used in reinforced concrete, provided that different water absorption and moisture content are considered in the mix design. RAP concrete was characterized by a lower density and increased total open porosity; however, an accurate tailoring of the concrete recipe could compensate the strength loss for several applications. Other properties, such as electrical resistivity and the relationship between dynamic modulus of elasticity and compressive strength did not result significantly altered by the presence of RAP.
Innovate for Impact: Young Adults Education and Empowerment for Climate Action
Authors: Rap Shelley , Bodas Moran 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change is a significant driver of disasters, such as tropical storms, floods, drought and loss of biodiversity, amplifying their frequency and severity worldwide. The annual incidence of extreme weather-related events increases with growing human exposure to risks. The Sendai Framework and its associated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognise the interlinkages between disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation and sustainable development. However, despite the best intentions of disaster planners, the current efforts are suboptimal in promoting implementation. Education is a critical goal to achieve sustainable development. Environmental Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) seeks to equip students with the knowledge, skills, values and agency necessary to address the complex challenges of climate change and global warming. One example of such an educational programme is the “Speak to Me in Numbers” programme. This interdisciplinary ESD programme educates 9th graders in SDG-related scientific content through scientific data analysis. It strives to inspire students to develop their agency and become responsible future citizens by taking local climate action to bring about sustainable development in their communities. Empowered young people who become agents that bring about global changes are crucial in the context of the climate crisis. However, such efforts should be undertaken cautiously to avoid doing more harm than good by evoking climate anxiety. These implications are discussed.
The Materiality of Children’s Imaginative Sense-making in Climate Change Education
Authors: Wong Chin Chin , Kumpulainen Kristiina , Renlund Jenny , Byman Jenny 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, we discuss our investigation of children’s imaginative sense-making and its materiality in climate change education. Drawing on a new materialist approach, our research contributes to knowledge about the material significance in children’s sense-making related to climate change. During a project called Riddle of the Spirit in a Finnish primary school, we invited children to explore the concepts of global warming and carbon dioxide through narrative, playful and multimodal activities. Inspired by postqualitative methods, our relational analysis, based on video materials, maps and examines two episodes of children’s small group inquiry. Our findings unfold the material–discursive intra-actions, through which a prop turned into a whale’s head, the Titanic film appeared, and water and carbon dioxide became important to children’s bodies. With these specific events, the study illustrates how various materials conjoined and came to matter in the children’s sense-making of the concepts.
Vortex shedding and induced forces in unsteady flow
Authors: Graham M. , Li J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis survey paper is concerned with vortex shedding from bodies in unsteady flow due either to time dependent motion of the body in a still fluid or unsteady motion of the fluid about a fixed body. The fluid is treated as incompressible, and the main emphasis is on starting flows and oscillatory flows. Much of the discussion describes 2D flow around sections of long or slender bodies. The first part of the paper covers the inviscid flow scaling of the forces induced by vortex shedding in time dependent flows which drive the shedding. This is followed by application of Wu’s impulse integral of the moment of vorticity to predict the forces induced by vortex shedding from a body in both inviscid and viscous flows. Vortex shedding phenomena involving small amplitude, high-frequency oscillatory flow such as vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and fluid-structure interaction (FSI) are not included in this discussion as in these cases the unsteady flow controls rather than drives the vortex shedding and they are well covered elsewhere.The second part of the paper describes a vortex force mapping (VFM) method derived by considering the Lamb–Gromyko formulation for the pressure contribution which allows the integral of the vorticity field to be restricted to regions which are not far from the body. It is applied to both inviscid and viscous flows. The section finishes with discussion of application of the VFM to the calculation of forces induced on bodies from flow field measurements, such as particle image velocimetry (PIV).
Class inequality, power, and trust in private companies: evidence from Latin America
Authors: Pérez-Ahumada Pablo , Gutiérrez-Crocco Francisca , Astorga-Pinto Charo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the last few years, legitimacy has proven to be a fundamental power resource for the business class. Building on the idea of “discursive power,” investigations have demonstrated that when the business class successfully shapes public discourses and public opinion, its power increases. With this article, we contribute to this research by showing that businesses’ success in building discursive power, as expressed in individual trust in private companies, is limited by individual- and macro-level factors associated with class inequality, class politics, and power. Using data from 15 Latin American countries (2005–2015), we show that in the period studied, the propensity to trust private companies was significantly lower among those in underprivileged class positions (e.g., working-class people or the informal self-employed) and among those who identify with the political left and have less confidence in political institutions. At the macro level, trust in companies was lower in countries ruled by the left or in countries where inequality rose or where citizens’ trust in political institutions improved. At the end of this article, we identify three patterns of business legitimacy in Latin America and show how our results contribute to the recent research on trust, class, and power.