bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Neurocognitive Mechanism Underpinning Awareness of Chronic Tinnitus
Authors: Trevis Krysta J. , Tailby Chris , Grayden David B. , McLachlan Neil M. , Jackson Graeme D. , Wilson Sarah J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTinnitus (ringing in the ears) is a common auditory sensation that can become a chronic debilitating health condition with pervasive effects on health and wellbeing, substantive economic burden, and no known cure. Here we investigate if impaired functioning of the cognitive control network that directs attentional focus is a mechanism erroneously maintaining the tinnitus sensation. Fifteen people with chronic tinnitus and 15 healthy controls matched for age and gender from the community performed a cognitively demanding task known to activate the cognitive control network in this functional magnetic resonance imaging study. We identify attenuated activation of a core node of the cognitive control network (the right middle frontal gyrus), and altered baseline connectivity between this node and nodes of the salience and autobiographical memory networks. Our findings indicate that in addition to auditory dysfunction, altered interactions between non-auditory neurocognitive networks maintain chronic tinnitus awareness, revealing new avenues for the identification of effective treatments.
Coevolution of Vertex Weights Resolves Social Dilemma in Spatial Networks
Authors: Shen Chen , Chu Chen , Guo Hao , Shi Lei , Duan Jiangyan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn realistic social system, the role or influence of each individual varies and adaptively changes in time in the population. Inspired by this fact, we thus consider a new coevolution setup of game strategy and vertex weight on a square lattice. In detail, we model the structured population on a square lattice, on which the role or influence of each individual is depicted by vertex weight, and the prisoner’s dilemma game has been applied to describe the social dilemma of pairwise interactions of players. Through numerical simulation, we conclude that our coevolution setup can promote the evolution of cooperation effectively. Especially, there exists a moderate value of δ for each ε that can warrant an optimal resolution of social dilemma. For a further understanding of these results, we find that intermediate value of δ enables the strongest heterogeneous distribution of vertex weight. We hope our coevolution setup of vertex weight will provide new insight for the future research.
Influences of anthropogenic land use on microbial community structure and functional potentials of stream benthic biofilms
Authors: Qu Xiaodong , Ren Ze , Zhang Haiping , Zhang Min , Zhang Yuhang , Liu Xiaobo , Peng Wenqi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStream ecosystems are the primary receivers of nutrient and organic carbon exported from terrestrial ecosystems and are profoundly influenced by the land use of the surrounding landscape. The aquatic impacts of anthropogenic land use are often first observed in stream benthic biofilms. We studied the benthic biofilms in streams flowing through forest (upstream) and anthropogenic land use (downstream) areas in southwestern China. The results showed that anthropogenic land use increased nutrient and organic carbon in both stream water and benthic biofilms, which are closely related to the differences in the microbial communities. The taxonomic dissimilarity of the communities was significantly correlated with the functional gene dissimilarity, and the upstream sites had more distinct functional genes. Network analysis showed that upstream sites had more highly connected microbial networks. Furthermore, downstream sites had higher relative abundances of anammox and denitrification suggesting stronger nitrogen removal than upstream sites. Increased nutrients in both the stream water and biofilms caused by anthropogenic land use had severe impacts on the nitrogen cycle in stream ecosystems. Downstream sites also had stronger carbon metabolism than upstream sites. This study provides insights into the influences of anthropogenic land use on microbial community structure and functions of stream benthic biofilms.
Atropine augments cardiac contractility by inhibiting cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 4
Authors: Perera Ruwan K. , Fischer Thomas H. , Wagner Michael , Dewenter Matthias , Vettel Christiane , Bork Nadja I. , Maier Lars S. , Conti Marco , Wess Juergen , El-Armouche Ali , Hasenfuß Gerd , Nikolaev Viacheslav O. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAtropine is a clinically relevant anticholinergic drug, which blocks inhibitory effects of the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine on heart rate leading to tachycardia. However, many cardiac effects of atropine cannot be adequately explained solely by its antagonism at muscarinic receptors. In isolated mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes expressing a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cAMP biosensor, we confirmed that atropine inhibited acetylcholine-induced decreases in cAMP. Unexpectedly, even in the absence of acetylcholine, after G-protein inactivation with pertussis toxin or in myocytes from M2- or M1/3-muscarinic receptor knockout mice, atropine increased cAMP levels that were pre-elevated with the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. Using the FRET approach and in vitro phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity assays, we show that atropine acts as an allosteric PDE type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor. In human atrial myocardium and in both intact wildtype and M2 or M1/3-receptor knockout mouse Langendorff hearts, atropine led to increased contractility and heart rates, respectively. In vivo, the atropine-dependent prolongation of heart rate increase was blunted in PDE4D but not in wildtype or PDE4B knockout mice. We propose that inhibition of PDE4 by atropine accounts, at least in part, for the induction of tachycardia and the arrhythmogenic potency of this drug.
Surgical Management and Prognostic Prediction of Adenocarcinoma of Jejunum and Ileum
Authors: Xie Xin , Zhou Zhangjian , Song Yongchun , Dang Chengxue , Zhang Hao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective study based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database to establish a novel nomogram prognostic prediction system and to estimate the association between overall survival and prognostic factors, as well as to explore surgical treatment strategies for adenocarcinoma of the jejunum and ileum. A total of 883 patients from the SEER database were included in this study. Eight potential prognostic factors were included in a nomogram model and discriminatory power and accuracy were examined using the Harrell’s C-index and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) index. In comparison with the AJCC TNM staging system, the nomogram prediction system was more accurate and homogeneous (Harrell’s C-index, 0.731 vs. 0.667; AIC index, 4852.9 vs. 4913.723). For surgical management, resection of more than 12 local lymph nodes could improve the likelihood of survival. This study demonstrates that our nomogram model is more accurate and homogeneous than the traditional AJCC TNM staging system, and proper surgical strategies for mesenteric lymphadenectomy improve overall survival.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Propionibacterium acnes in the Retinal Granulomas in Patients with Ocular Sarcoidosis
Authors: Nagata Kenji , Eishi Yoshinobu , Uchida Keisuke , Yoneda Kazuhito , Hatanaka Hiroki , Yasuhara Toru , Nagata Maho , Sotozono Chie , Kinoshita Shigeru 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe etiology of sarcoidosis is still obscure; however, Mycobacteria and Propionibacterium acnes are considered the most implicated etiological agent for sarcoidosis. To investigate whether P. acnes is an etiological agent for sarcoid uveitis, we analyzed the frequency of P. acnes detected within the biopsied retinas from patients with ocular sarcoidosis by immunohistochemistry with a P. acnes-specific monoclonal antibody (PAB antibody). Eleven patients (12 eyes) with sarcoid uveitis were enrolled in this study. Eight patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, two patients with non-sarcoid uveitis, and two patients with vitreoretinal lymphoma were enrolled as controls. In the sarcoidosis group, granulomas were mainly observed in the inner retinal layer filled with CD4+ cells and CD68+ cells, indicating the Th1 immune response. P. acnes, identified as round bodies that reacted with the PAB antibody, were present in 10/12 samples (83%) from 9/11 patients (82%) with sarcoidosis. These round bodies were scattered within the retinal granulomas mainly in the inner retinal layer. In the control group, no round bodies were detected. Our results suggested that P. acnes could be associated with sarcoid uveitis. We hypothesize that sarcoid granulomas may be formed by a Th1 immune response to P. acnes hematogenously transmitted to the retina.
On‐chip dual‐phase charge‐transfer relaxation oscillator with comparator offset cancellation
Authors: Ma Yanzhao , Cui Kai , Fang Song , Fan Xiaoya 
Published: November 2017

An on‐chip 23 kHz dual‐phase relaxation oscillator is presented. Charge‐transfer and comparator offset cancellation techniques have been proposed to achieve low power and high temperature stability. The circuit has been designed with 0.18 μm CMOS process. The oscillator has achieved an ultra‐low power of 130 nW, a supply voltage sensitivity of 0.8%/V over 1.2–1.8 V, and a temperature coefficient of 30 ppm/°C over to .
Fabrication and characterisation of Cu2 O nanorods array by anodic oxidation method
Authors: Lv Yanqun , Shi Baozhu , Su Xiaofa , Li Yunhui , Sun Jing , Shao Jing , Tian Lecheng , Ding Juan 
Published: November 2017

Cuprous oxide (Cu2 O) nanorods array was successfully fabricated on copper substrate by the anodic oxidation method. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the fabricated Cu2 O nanorods grew vertically from the substrate. The Cu2 O nanorods had an approximately average diameter and length of 40 and 400 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the photoelectric output property of Cu2 O nanorods array as a photoanode was investigated.
Current and Emerging Medical Treatments for Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Chwalisz Kristof , Taylor Hugh 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUterine fibroids (leiomyomata) are common uterine neoplasms that are often associated with detrimental symptoms, such as heavy menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and pressure-related symptoms, which often lead to surgical intervention, including hysterectomy. Although our understanding of the pathophysiology of uterine fibroids, particularly their dependency on progesterone and the role of growth factors, has increased during the past two decades, the medical options currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration are limited and are only used for short-term symptom management. A long-term, safe, and effective treatment is not yet available in the United States. However, emerging medical treatments that are currently under clinical development, including progesterone receptor modulators and oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists, offer hope of new long-term medical therapies for symptomatic uterine fibroids as an alternative to surgery. Herein, we discuss the current and emerging medical therapies for fibroids based on evidence from randomized clinical trials.
Minimally Invasive Approaches to the Surgical Management of Fibroids
Authors: Wu Harold , Wang Karen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUterine fibroids, as the most common benign neoplasm of the female reproductive tract, can significantly impact a woman's quality of life through abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and bulk symptoms. When medical therapy for symptomatic fibroids fails, surgery is the recommended treatment. While a hysterectomy through laparotomy was historically the first-line surgical approach for fibroids, multiple minimally invasive and uterine-sparing techniques are now available. An evidence-based literature review of the following minimally invasive approaches is detailed in this article: hysteroscopic myomectomy, laparoscopic and robotically assisted myomectomy, laparoscopic and robotically assisted hysterectomy, and ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation. For each approach, this review discusses the indications, patient selection, adjunct preoperative treatment modalities, instrumentation, techniques, and pertinent intraoperative considerations such as fluid management, interventions to reduce blood loss, antiadhesion barriers, and tissue extraction. Perioperative benefits, long-term outcomes including recurrence and fertility, and comparisons of outcomes among the various approaches are outlined as well. With continued technological advancements and surgical innovations, minimally invasive techniques will become the mainstay of surgical management for symptomatic fibroids to provide high-quality patient-centered care.
Uterine Fibroids: Burden and Unmet Medical Need
Authors: Al-Hendy Ayman , Myers Evan , Stewart Elizabeth 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUterine fibroids affect a wide cross-section of the population, with prevalence, symptom severity, and overall disease burden generally higher among black women, likely due to both genetic and environmental factors. Potential symptoms of uterine fibroids include painful and excessive uterine bleeding, interference with everyday life and self-image, and impaired fertility. Because of the high estimated prevalence and costs associated with treatments, the direct and indirect costs of uterine fibroids are substantial for both the health care system and the individual patient. Special patient populations—such as black women, women seeking to retain fertility, and women with asymptomatic fibroids—have particular treatment needs that require a variety of diagnostic methods and treatment options. Despite the widespread occurrence of uterine fibroids and newer treatment options, little high-quality data are available to formulate evidence-based guidelines that address these unmet patient needs. Specific areas in need of attention include improving diagnostic techniques, increasing patient access to early treatment, and identifying best practices for this diverse patient population.
Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound and Halo Immobilization Is an Effective Treatment for Nonunion Following Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of the Axis
Authors: Oda Kohtaroh , Ohba Tetsuro , Ebata Shigeto , Haro Hirotaka 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis case report describes a unique case involving traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis that resulted in nonunion, angulation, and displacement after conservative treatment with a cervical collar, but which was successfully achieved union with halo immobilization and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS). Halo immobilization of a traumatic spondylolisthesis in a 20-year-old patient, that previously failed to improve after wearing a cervical collar for 3 months, was immediately followed by treatment with a LIPUS device (SAFHS 4000J; Teijin Pharma, Tokyo, Japan) 20 minutes once daily to the right and left fracture sites which were located using fluoroscopic guidance. Radiographs and computed tomography showed conclusive evidence of bone union after 10 weeks of treatment with halo immobilization. No adverse events were observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing that the combination of halo immobilization and LIPUS therapy might be a safe, effective, and feasible method by which to treat cervical spine fractures.
Verdauung und Entzündung – schützen Nährstoffe vor Darmentzündungen?
Authors: Schmiedel Volker 
Published: November 2017

SummaryChronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen sind in den letzten Jahrzehnten enorm angestiegen. Dies wird auch auf eine veränderte Lebensweise, Ernährung und Nährstoffversorgung zugeführt. In diesem Artikel wird der Nutzen von Vitamin D, sekundären Pflanzeninhaltsstoffen, Selen, Zink und ω-3-Fettsäuren anhand zahlreicher Studien unter Beweis gestellt und praktische Tipps zu Diagnostik und Therapie gegeben.
Prävention durch Mikronährstoffe
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter 
Published: November 2017

SummaryNährstoffe sind für den Körper und seine Funktionen essenziell. Dementsprechend ist eine ausreichende Versorgung für die Gesundheit bedeutsam. Allerdings haben sich die Ernährung und damit auch die Zufuhr der Mikronährstoffe im Laufe der Zeit verändert und der Stoffwechsel sich entsprechend den Gegebenheiten angepasst.
Radiological Diagnoses in the Context of Emigration: Infectious diseases
Authors: Stojkovic Marija , Müller Jan , Junghanss Thomas , Weber Tim 
Published: November 2017

Background Globalization and emigration impact on the spectrum of diseases challenging health care systems. Medical practitioners have to particularly prepare for infectious diseases.
Methods The database of a health care center specialized on tropical medicine was screened for patients with history of migration and one of the following diagnoses: Cystic echinococcosis, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, visceral leishmaniosis, and neurocysticercosis. Representative casuistics were prepared from select case histories. Radiological pertinent knowledge was compiled based on literature search.
Results A small selection of frequently imported infectious diseases covers a considerable fraction of health care problems associated with migration. For cystic echinococcosis, schistosomiasis, and neurocysticercosis imaging is the most relevant diagnostic procedure defining also disease stages. Tuberculosis and visceral leishmaniosis are important differentials for malignant diseases.
Conclusion Imaging plays a meaningful role in diagnosis, treatment stratification, and follow-up of imported infectious diseases. Radiological skills concerning these diseases are important for providing health care for patients in context of migration.
Key Points
Citation Format
Host governments, national minorities, and minorities’ kin states: assessing the triadic nexus
Authors: Fedotov Egor 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEthnic politics necessarily entails conflict-ridden scenarios in which trust is broken and identities compromised, and as such, is an area in need of urgent scholarship. The notion that minority elites in ethnic politics in general take cues from their kin-states as well as host governments, in strategizing how to do politics, is the key idea behind ‘the triadic thesis’. The ethnographic study presented in this article shows, however, on the example of the minority elites’ speech-based or rhetorical acts regarding claim-making about these elites’ demands that the behaviors by the minority elites unfold autonomously from the above. The latter behaviors are either a politics of consensus or a politics of disengagement. Re-assessing the triadic nexus involving the relationships between host governments, national minorities and the latter’s kin-states therefore allows us to make more room for an agency-based perspective.
The question of politeness in political interviews
Authors: Macaulay Marcia 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This paper examines the question of politeness in political interviews, looking particularly at the use of loaded questions. Comparison is made between the two principal paradigms of politeness, Locher and Watts (2005) and Brown and Levinson (1987). The paper focuses on the interviewing style of Steven Sackur (HARDtalk, BBC) who employs loaded questions in his political interviews in keeping with the analysis of Walton (1991) who argues that loaded questions can function as a ‘reasonable’ means to constrain the response of an interviewee and in turn further discourse. Sackur employs loaded questions selectively to convey and reinforce a presupposition to which an interviewee is not committed. In so doing, he is able to constrain the contribution of his interviewee. Loaded questions are a linguistic means of (im)politeness used strategically by Sackur to further the discourse of his interviews.
Stereochemical assignment of the unique electron acceptor 5′-hydroxyphylloquinone, a polar analog of vitamin K1 in photosystem I
Authors: Kosugi Makiko , Lee Changwoo , Misaki Tomonori , Kashino Yasuhiro , Fujita Morifumi , Sugimura Takashi 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A unique electron-accepting analog of vitamin K1 found in photosystem I in several species of oxygenic photosynthetic microorganisms was confirmed to be 5′-hydroxyphylloquinone (1) through stereo-uncontrolled synthesis. Furthermore, the stereochemistry of 1 obtained from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 was assigned to be 5′S using proline-catalyzed stereocontrolled reactions.
Muscular fitness, Southern European Atlantic Diet and inflammation in adolescents. Azorean Physical Activity and Health Study II
Authors: Agostinis‐Sobrinho César , Brand Caroline , Moreira Carla , Lopes Luís , Oliveira‐santos José , Silva Pedro , Reis Gaya Anelise , Gaya Adroaldo , Mota Jorge , Santos Rute , Abreu Sandra 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHigh muscular fitness (MF) and high adherence to the Southern European Atlantic Diet (the SEADiet) have been associated with several positive metabolic outcomes. The purpose of the present study was two‐fold: (i) to explore the independent associations between MF and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels; and (ii) to investigate the combined impact of MF and SEADiet on the CRP levels in a sample of adolescents. A cross‐sectional school‐based study was conducted on 463 adolescents (272 girls) aged 15–18 years, from the Portuguese Azorean Archipelago. Anthropometric indicators (stature, body mass, waist circumference (WC)) were measured by standardized protocols and pubertal stages were assessed by Tanner criteria. Blood samples were taken after an overnight fast. MF was assessed by the curl‐up and push‐up tests (from the Fitnessgram test battery). Adherence to the SEADiet was assessed with a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Linear regression models showed that MF was inversely associated with hs‐CRP (unstandardized B = −0.127; p < .009), after adjustments for age, sex, and pubertal stage, adherence of SEADiet, total energy intake and low‐energy reporter and WC. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed a significant difference between the low adherence of SEADiet with low MF group and those with a high adherence of SEADiet and high MF (p < .05) (F(5, 453) = 2.238, p = .040). Our results showed that MF is inversely associated with hs‐CRP. In addition, the adolescents with Low adherence of SEADiet/Low MF group had high levels of hs‐CRP compared those who with high adherence of SEADiet/high MF group.
Activity measurements of the radionuclides 18F and 64Cu for the NIST, USA in the ongoing comparisons BIPM.RI(II)-K4.F-18 and BIPM.RI(II)-K4.Cu-64
Authors: Michotte C , Nonis M , Bergeron D , Cessna J , Fitzgerald R , Pibida L , Zimmerman B , Fenwick A , Ferreira K , Keightley J , Silva I Da 
Published: November 2017

In 2016, comparisons of activity measurements of 18F and 64Cu using the Transfer Instrument of the International Reference System (SIRTI) took place at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA). This is the first SIRTI comparison for 64Cu. Ampoules containing about 27 kBq of 18F and 100 kBq of 64Cu solutions were measured in the SIRTI for about 5 and 1.5 half-lives, respectively. The NIST standardized the activity in the ampoules by ionization chamber measurements traceable to 4π(LS)β−γ anticoincidence measurements. The comparisons, identifiers BIPM.RI(II)-K4.F-18 and BIPM.RI(II)-K4.Cu-64, are linked to the corresponding BIPM.RI(II)-K1.F-18 and BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cu-64 comparisons and degrees of equivalence with the respective key comparison reference values have been evaluated. The NIST replaces its earlier degree of equivalence for 18F obtained in the frame of the CCRI(II)-K3.F-18 comparison in 2001.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).