bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Hospitalizations for Serious Infections in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in the US Between 1993 and 2013
Authors: Jinno Sadao , Lu Na , Jafarzadeh S. Reza , Dubreuil Maureen 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThe epidemiology of hospitalizations with infections among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unknown, despite an increase in RA treatments that confer a risk of infection.MethodsWe examined National Inpatient Sample data from 1993–2013. We identified hospitalizations among adults with RA, defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes (714.xx) in any secondary diagnosis field. We evaluated 5 infections as the primary diagnosis: pneumonia, sepsis, urinary tract infection (UTI), skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), and opportunistic infections (OIs). The primary outcome was the proportion of hospitalizations for each infection among all hospitalizations with a secondary diagnosis of RA.ResultsThere were 792,921 hospitalizations for infection with a secondary diagnosis of RA, with the rates increasing from 90 to 206 per 100,000 persons from 1993–2013. The proportion of hospitalizations decreased for pneumonia (from 5.4% to 4.6%), UTI (from 0.4% to 0.38%), and OIs (from 0.44% to 0.26%). The proportion of hospitalizations for SSTIs increased slightly (from 2.3% to 2.5%), while hospitalizations for sepsis more than tripled (from 1.9% to 6.4%).ConclusionBetween 1993 and 2013, the proportion of hospitalizations for infections among RA patients appeared to decline for pneumonia and OIs, with a slight decrease in UTI, a slight increase in SSTIs, and a substantial increase in hospitalizations with sepsis. Our results are consistent with previous reports that the sensitivity of sepsis coding has increased over time.
Patients’ Attitudes and Experiences of Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis: A Qualitative Synthesis
Authors: Kelly Ayano , Tymms Kathleen , Tunnicliffe David J. , Sumpton Daniel , Perera Chandima , Fallon Kieran , Craig Jonathan C. , Abhayaratna Walter , Tong Allison 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveNonadherence to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) results in increased disease activity and symptoms and poorer quality of life. We aimed to describe patients’ attitudes and experiences of DMARDs in RA and SpA to inform strategies to improve medication adherence.MethodsDatabases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) were searched to January 2016. Thematic synthesis was used to analyze the findings.ResultsFrom 56 studies involving 1,383 adult patients (RA [n = 1,149], SpA [n = 191], not specified [n = 43]), we identified 6 themes (with subthemes): intensifying disease identity (severity of sudden pharmacotherapy, signifying deteriorating health, daunting lifelong therapy), distressing uncertainties and consequences (poisoning the body, doubting efficacy, conflicting and confusing advice, prognostic uncertainty with changing treatment regimens), powerful social influences (swayed by others’ experiences, partnering with physicians, maintaining roles, confidence in comprehensive and ongoing care, valuing peer support), privilege and right of access to biologic agents (expensive medications must be better, right to receive a biologic agent, fearing dispossession), maintaining control (complete ownership of decision, taking extreme risks, minimizing lifestyle intrusion), and negotiating treatment expectations (miraculous recovery, mediocre benefit, reaching the end of the line).ConclusionPatients perceive DMARDs as strong medications with alarming side effects that intensify their disease identity. Trust and confidence in medical care, positive experiences with DMARDS among other patients, and an expectation that medications will help maintain participation in life can motivate patients to use DMARDs. Creating a supportive environment for patients to voice their concerns may improve treatment satisfaction, adherence, and health outcomes.
High Quality Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductor Thin Films with Remarkably Enhanced Luminescence and Defect Suppression via Quaternary Alkyl Ammonium Salt Based Treatment
Authors: Naphade Rounak , Zhao Baodan , Richter Johannes M. , Booker Edward , Krishnamurthy Shrreya , Friend Richard H. , Sadhanala Aditya , Ogale Satishchandra 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSignificant enhancement in the luminescence and superior photophysical properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 thin films prepared via simple single step spin coating process involving a novel additive mediated solvent extraction step is reported. This process results in significantly lower disorder in CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskites with Urbach energies reducing from ≈35 to ≈17 meV, which is the lowest reported value to date. The additive mediated process also results in a remarkable improvement in the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) from 1% to 30%. Coupled with the overall increase in surface roughness, a significant increase in the internal PLQY from 7% to 77% is estimated, indicating the superior quality of the treated thin films. The resultant high quality CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskites with remarkable photophysical properties can be used in realizing highly efficient optoelectronic devices. Highly efficient light emitting diodes using these perovskites are demonstrated here.
Cycloisomerization of Oxindole‐Derived 1,5‐Enynes: A Calcium(II)‐Catalyzed One‐Pot, Solvent‐free Synthesis of Phenanthridinones, 3‐(Cyclopentenylidene)indolin‐2‐ones and 3‐Spirocyclic Indolin‐2‐ones
Authors: Yaragorla Srinivasarao , Pareek Abhishek , Dada Ravikrishna 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCalcium‐catalyzed regioselective synthesis of oxindole‐derived 1,5‐enynes, followed by cycloisomerization, from readily accessible 3‐hydroxy‐3‐(alkynyl)indolin‐2‐ones and styrenes in one‐pot, under solvent‐free conditions is described. This method offers the synthesis of diverse molecules: phenanthridinones, 3‐(cyclopentenylidene)indolin‐2‐ones, and 3‐spirocyclic indolin‐2‐ones are obtained through cascade reactions including cross‐dehydrative‐coupling, [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement, carbocyclization, isomerization, oxidative‐ring rearrangement, and Diels‐Alder cycloaddition. In addition, this method features atom‐ and step‐economy, broad substrate scope, and high yields.magnified image
Highly Efficient and Durable Pd Hydride Nanocubes Embedded in 2D Amorphous NiB Nanosheets for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Lu Yizhong , Wang Jiong , Peng Yuecheng , Fisher Adrian , Wang Xin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA highly efficient and durable electrocatalyst of Pd hydride nanocubes encapsulated within 2D amorphous Ni‐B nanosheets is reported. The PdH0.43 nanocubes are first synthesized via a simple N,N‐dimethylformamide thermal treatment. The as‐synthesized PdH0.43 nanocubes are then encapsulated in 2D amorphous NiB nanosheets by NaBH4 reduction in the presence of nickel species. During the NaBH4 treatment, the PdH0.43 can be further transformed into PdH0.706 due to the presence of endogenous H2. Electrochemical studies demonstrate that the degree of hydride of Pd nanocubes (PdHx) plays an important role in the enhancement of their oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. With increasing x value, both the activity and stability increase significantly. At 0.90 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, the ORR activity of PdH0.706 @Ni‐B reaches 1.05 A mgPd−1, which is nearly five times higher than that of the state‐of‐the‐art Pt catalysts. Accelerated durability tests show that even after 10 000 potential cycles, there is negligible shift in their half‐wave potential and no shape and structure change occurs, indicating the incorporation of amorphous 2D Ni‐B nanosheets can greatly improve their stability without compromising their activity. The present study illustrates the importance of high degree of hydride and presence of amorphous Ni‐B nanosheets on the enhancement of ORR activity for Pd‐based electrocatalyst.
Total Syntheses of Cystobactamids and Structural Confirmation of Cystobactamid 919‐2
Authors: Cheng Bichu , Müller Rolf , Trauner Dirk 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe cystobactamids are a family of antibacterial natural products with unprecedented chemical scaffolds that are active against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogens. Herein, we describe the first total synthesis of cystobactamid 919‐2 from three fragments. Our convergent synthesis enabled both the confirmation of the correct structure and the determination of the absolute configuration of cystobactamid 919‐2.
Manganese(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Ketones Using a Defined Chiral PNP Pincer Ligand
Authors: Garbe Marcel , Junge Kathrin , Walker Svenja , Wei Zhihong , Jiao Haijun , Spannenberg Anke , Bachmann Stephan , Scalone Michelangelo , Beller Matthias 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA new chiral manganese PNP pincer complex is described. The asymmetric hydrogenation of several prochiral ketones with molecular hydrogen in the presence of this complex proceeds under mild conditions (30–40 °C, 4 h, 30 bar H2). Besides high catalytic activity for aromatic substrates, aliphatic ketones are hydrogenated with remarkable selectivity (e.r. up to 92:8). DFT calculations support an outer sphere hydrogenation mechanism as well as the experimentally determined stereochemistry.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Homogeneous Chondroitin Sulfate Oligosaccharides
Authors: Li Jine , Su Guowei , Liu Jian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChondroitin sulfate (CS) is a sulfated polysaccharide that plays essential physiological roles. Here, we report an enzyme‐based method for the synthesis of a library of 15 different CS oligosaccharides. This library covers 4‐O‐sulfated and 6‐O‐sulfated oligosaccharides ranging from trisaccharides to nonasaccharides. We also describe the synthesis of unnatural 6‐O‐sulfated CS pentasaccharides containing either a 6‐O‐sulfo‐2‐azidogalactosamine or a 6‐O‐sulfogalactosamine residue. The availability of structurally defined CS oligosaccharides offers a novel approach to investigate the biological functions of CS.
Entdeckung und Totalsynthese von natürlichen Cystobactamid‐Derivaten mit herausragender Aktivität gegen Gram‐negative Pathogene
Authors: Hüttel Stephan , Testolin Giambattista , Herrmann Jennifer , Planke Therese , Gille Franziska , Moreno Maria , Stadler Marc , Brönstrup Mark , Kirschning Andreas , Müller Rolf 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDie Entdeckung und Entwicklung neuer Antibiotika ist sehr anspruchsvoll, da synthetische Grundstrukturen häufig nicht die benötigten pharmazeutischen Eigenschaften aufweisen und die Auffindung neuartiger Naturstoffe langwierig ist. Wir beschreiben hier die Entdeckung neuer Cystobactamide mit signifikant verbesserten Bioaktivitätsprofilen, was durch die intensive Untersuchung myxobakterieller Produzentenstämme ermöglicht wurde. Einige dieser Derivate zeigen Aktivitäten im niedrigen μg ml−1‐Bereich gegen klinische Isolate von Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa sowie Fluorchinolon‐resistente Enterobacteriaceae, was im Fall bisher bekannter Cystobactamide nicht beobachtet wurde. Unsere Studien liefern Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Beziehungen und verdeutlichen, wie Resistenzmechanismen durch natürliche Strukturvielfalt außer Kraft gesetzt werden können. Das vielversprechendste Derivat 861‐2 wurde totalsynthetisch hergestellt, was den Weg für eine chemische Optimierung der Grundstruktur ebnet.
Macroscopic Polarization Enhancement Promoting Photo‐ and Piezoelectric‐Induced Charge Separation and Molecular Oxygen Activation
Authors: Huang Hongwei , Tu Shuchen , Zeng Chao , Zhang Tierui , Reshak Ali H. , Zhang Yihe 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEfficient photo‐ and piezoelectric‐induced molecular oxygen activation are both achieved by macroscopic polarization enhancement on a noncentrosymmetric piezoelectric semiconductor BiOIO3. The replacement of V5+ ions for I5+ in IO3 polyhedra gives rise to strengthened macroscopic polarization of BiOIO3, which facilitates the charge separation in the photocatalytic and piezoelectric catalytic process, and renders largely promoted photo‐ and piezoelectric induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) evolution, such as superoxide radicals (.O2−) and hydroxyl radicals (.OH). This work advances piezoelectricity as a new route to efficient ROS generation, and also discloses macroscopic polarization engineering on improvement of multi‐responsive catalysis.
Synthesis, characterization and computational study of CuI nanoparticles immobilized on modified poly (styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) as a green, efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles via click reaction
Authors: Ebrahimpour‐Malamir Fatemeh , Hosseinnejad Tayebeh , Mirsafaei Razieh , Heravi Majid M. 
Published: July 2017

Poly (styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) (SMA) was modified by reactionwith4‐amino‐2‐methyl‐10H‐thiene [2,3‐b][1,5]‐benzodiazepine (ATD) hydrochloride, providing an imide with the appropriate sites for the coordination of Cu(I)ions. This modified SMA was reacted with CuI to obtain immobilized Cu(I) NPs. This Cu(I) NPs (CuI/SMI‐TD) was fully characterized by conventional techniques such as FT‐IR, NMR, SEM, TEM, EDAX and ICP‐AES analysis. The SEM and TEM images clearly showed CuI NPs as spherical shapes and the size of particles is 30‐60 nm. Moreover, a quantitative description for experimental features of CuI/SMI‐TD was presented via computational assessment for the interactions between copper metal ions and coordination sites of SMI‐TD ligand. The catalytic activity of this new catalyst was examined in the regioselective synthesis of 1,4‐disubstituted‐1,2,3 triazoles in a classical copper‐catalyzed reaction a so‐called click reaction. The catalyst showed highly efficient catalytic activity, excellent reusability, high yield and more importantly excellent, regioselectivity. The catalyst was recoverable through simple filtration and can be reused at least five times without significant loss of catalytic activity. The heterogeneous nature of the catalyst was confirmed based on the hot filtration test and ICP‐AES analysis.
A facile strategy to improve the encapsulation efficiency of polymer microcapsules containing water‐soluble salt cores
Authors: Zuo Mingming , Zhang Long , Yuan Xuzhou , Li Yuchen , Liu Tianqing 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTTo increase the encapsulation efficiency of microcapsules composed of water‐soluble salt cores and hydrophobic material shells, we herein reported a facile and versatile strategy to improve the hydrophobicity of water‐soluble salts [i.e., ammonium persulfate (APS)] by surface modification of APS using oleic acid or silane coupling agent, respectively. The results confirmed that the hydrophobicity of the two modified APS had been successfully improved compared with that of non‐modified APS. Moreover, the two modified APS could be effectively encapsulated into hydrophobic polystyrene and the encapsulation efficiency of the resulting microcapsules goes up significantly. This study was expected to drive progress in the preparation technology of microcapsules which comprise water‐soluble salts as cores and hydrophobic polymer materials as shells in many industrial application fields. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45294.
Chemical modification and structural rearrangements of polyketone‐based polymer membrane
Authors: Ataollahi Narges , Girardi Fabrizio , Cappelletto Elisa , Vezzù Keti , Di Noto Vito , Scardi Paolo , Callone Emanuela , Di Maggio Rosa 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTAlternating polyketones constitute a very interesting class of polymers, which can be modified for the preparation of functional polymers. The chemical modification of polyketone using 1,2‐diaminopropane was used to prepare a conductive membrane. This paper is focused on the synthesis and structural rearrangements of polyamine for preparing anion‐exchange membranes by the solvent casting technique. According to the Paal‐Knorr mechanism, 1,4‐dicarbonyl of polyketone reacts with 1,2‐diaminopropane to form a pyrrole ring along the polyketone backbone. In addition, the so‐modified polyamines can undergo structural rearrangements to form N‐substituted pyrrole crosslinked with dihydropyridine units. The conversion degree and the N content are quite low. The pathway reactions have been proposed on the basis of1H‐NMR, ultraviolet–visible, and Fourier transform infrared results. Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction techniques were used to study the morphological, thermal, and structural characteristics of the modified polyketone, as well as the correspondoing membrane. The experimental results indicated that the membrane is a potential candidate for energy conversion technology. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 45485.
Preparation of organo‐soluble co‐polyimides using N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone as the solvent via one‐pot high‐temperature polymerization
Authors: Tan Wenjun , Li Zhentao , Dong Jie , Wang Qianqian , Cheng Yang , Zhao Xin , Zhang Qinghua 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTA series of organo‐soluble co‐polyimides (co‐PIs) were successfully synthesized from 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylic‐dianhydride (BTDA), 1,4‐bis‐(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethyl‐phemoxy)‐benzene (p‐6FAPB) and 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐5‐aminobenzimidazole (BIA) via the one‐pot high‐temperature polymerization using N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) as the solvent. The imidization reaction of poly(amic acid)s in solution state was discussed in detail by attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectra (ATR‐FTIR), and the results illustrate that the introduced benzimidazole moiety has a catalytic activity on the imidization process. The number‐average molecular weights and polydispersity index of these PIs measured by gel permeation chromatography range from 1.11 × 105 to 2.20 × 105 and 1.82 to 3.84, respectively. The prepared co‐PIs exhibit sufficient solubility in some polar solvents and high optical transparency. Meanwhile, these co‐PI films show good mechanical performances, and the strength and modulus of the sample with the molar ratio of p‐6FAPB/BIA = 5/5 reach 183 MPa and 4.71 GPa, respectively. Moreover, the obtained co‐PIs possess high glass transition temperatures (Tg) (above 260 °C) and good thermal stability with 5% weight loss temperature in the range of 502–531 °C in the nitrogen atmosphere. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45497.
Investigation of miscibility and phase structure of a novel blend of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/acrylic rubber (ACM) and its nanocomposite with nanosilica
Authors: Hesami Mahdis , Jalali‐Arani Azam 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTIn this work, a novel polymer blend containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a biocompatible and biodegradable thermoplastic and acrylic rubber (ACM) is prepared and the miscibility and phase structure of the blend and its nanocomposite (PLA/ACM/nanosilica) are investigated through theoretical and experimental methods. To predict the phase diagram of the blend, a compressible regular solution model was employed, in which an upper critical solution temperature was observed. The model predicted that PLA/ACM blends are immiscible over the whole composition range at temperatures below 260 °C. Performing scanning force microscopy on the blend showed phase separated structures for the blends containing different amounts of the PLA and ACM. This was in accordance with the results of dynamic mechanical analysis, which revealed two distinct glass transition temperatures for the studied blends. The effect of nanometer sized silica particle on morphology and rheological properties of these blends was also investigated. Scanning force microscopy results showed much reduction of droplet size in the blends containing 2 wt % nanosilica. This was attributed to the suppression effect of nanosilica on the droplets coalescences. Rheological measurements confirmed the interaction of both components with the silica nanofiller. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45499.
Metal ion sorption by chitosan–tripolyphosphate beads
Authors: Giraldo Juan D. , Rivas Bernabé L. , Elgueta Elizabeth , Mancisidor Aritz 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTHeavy metal removal from wastewater is crucial for the proper management of discharged water from mining operations. This residual water is typically unusable for other purposes such as for human/animal, crop, or industrial consumption. Eco‐friendly adsorption materials are necessary to ensure the sustainable treatment of this wastewater. Therefore, the sorption of Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ions onto chitosan–tripolyphosphate (CTPP) beads was investigated using real mining wastewater and prepared ion metal solutions. The effects of pH, contact time, temperature, selectivity, and maximum sorption capacity in successive batches at different concentrations were studied. The optimum sorption of cations, except for copper (pH 3) was found at pH 5. Equilibrium in the adsorption of all metals was reached at 24 h of contact. Studies of the maximum sorption capacity at different concentrations showed that the CTPP beads could adsorb 158, 55, 47, and 47 mg/g of Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II), respectively. Experimental data for the sorption of Pb(II) were optimally correlated with the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic parameters such as the changes in enthalpy (ΔH0), entropy (ΔS0), and free energy (ΔG0) were determined. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45511.
Electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of carbon black modified polyolefinic blends influenced by phase inversion
Authors: Mysiukiewicz Olga , Sterzyński Tomasz , Ławniczak Paweł , Rogodzińska Maria 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTElectrically conductive polymer composites (CPCs) containing a carbonaceous filler and a polymeric matrix have been widely researched and utilized. Immiscible polymers are often used as the matrix of CPCs, which leads to segregated structures, hence low percolation threshold and good conductivity of a material. Polymeric blends often show low mechanical properties due to the lack of affinity of the resins. A way to improve toughness of a CPC and maintain good electrical properties is mixing two immiscible yet compatible resins. In our case one of them was polyethylene and the other was an olefinic conductive thermoplastic elastomer. In this study, a correlation between conductivity, mechanical properties, and morphology of conductive blends was analyzed. Results of tensile test, conductivity measurements, and differential scanning calorimetry were juxtaposed with information of phase morphology of the blends. A relationship of drastic changes of different properties of the blends and phase inversion point was found. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45512.