bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging the lithospheric structure beneath the Indian continent
Authors: Maurya S. , Montagner J.‐P. , Kumar M. Ravi , Stutzmann E. , Kiselev S. , Burgos G. , Rao N. Purnachandra , Srinagesh D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe present a high‐resolution 3‐D lithospheric model of the Indian plate region down to 300 km depth, obtained by inverting a new massive database of surface wave observations, using classical tomographic methods. Data are collected from more than 550 seismic broadband stations spanning the Indian subcontinent and surrounding regions. The Rayleigh wave dispersion measurements along ~14,000 paths are made in a broad frequency range (16–250 s). Our regionalized surface wave (group and phase) dispersion data are inverted at depth in two steps: first an isotropic inversion and next an anisotropic inversion of the phase velocity including the SV wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropy, based on the perturbation theory. We are able to recover most of the known geological structures in the region, such as the slow velocities associated with the thick crust in the Himalaya and Tibetan plateau and the fast velocities associated with the Indian Precambrian shield. Our estimates of the depth to the Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere boundary (LAB) derived from seismic velocity Vsv reductions at depth reveal large variations (120–250 km) beneath the different cratonic blocks. The lithospheric thickness is ~120 km in the eastern Dharwar, ~160 km in the western Dharwar, ~140–200 km in Bastar, and ~160–200 km in the Singhbhum Craton. The thickest (200–250 km) cratonic roots are present beneath central India. A low velocity layer associated with the midlithospheric discontinuity is present when the root of the lithosphere is deep.
Rainfall estimation by inverting SMOS soil moisture estimates: A comparison of different methods over Australia
Authors: Brocca Luca , Pellarin Thierry , Crow Wade T. , Ciabatta Luca , Massari Christian , Ryu Dongryeol , Su Chun‐Hsu , Rüdiger Christoph , Kerr Yann 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRemote sensing of soil moisture has reached a level of maturity and accuracy for which the retrieved products can be used to improve hydrological and meteorological applications. In this study, the soil moisture product from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite is used for improving satellite rainfall estimates obtained from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission multisatellite precipitation analysis product (TMPA) using three different “bottom up” techniques: SM2RAIN, Soil Moisture Analysis Rainfall Tool, and Antecedent Precipitation Index Modification. The implementation of these techniques aims at improving the well‐known “top down” rainfall estimate derived from TMPA products (version 7) available in near real time. Ground observations provided by the Australian Water Availability Project are considered as a separate validation data set. The three algorithms are calibrated against the gauge‐corrected TMPA reanalysis product, 3B42, and used for adjusting the TMPA real‐time product, 3B42RT, using SMOS soil moisture data. The study area covers the entire Australian continent, and the analysis period ranges from January 2010 to November 2013. Results show that all the SMOS‐based rainfall products improve the performance of 3B42RT, even at daily time scale (differently from previous investigations). The major improvements are obtained in terms of estimation of accumulated rainfall with a reduction of the root‐mean‐square error of more than 25%. Also, in terms of temporal dynamic (correlation) and rainfall detection (categorical scores) the SMOS‐based products provide slightly better results with respect to 3B42RT, even though the relative performance between the methods is not always the same. The strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm and the spatial variability of their performances are identified in order to indicate the ways forward for this promising research activity. Results show that the integration of bottom up and top down approaches has the potential to improve the quality of near‐real‐time rainfall estimates from remote sensing in the near future.
The kinetics of the ClOOCl catalytic cycle
Authors: Canty Timothy P. , Salawitch Ross J. , Wilmouth David M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe use simultaneous in situ observations of [ClO] and [ClOOCl] obtained in the Arctic polar vortex to evaluate the kinetics of the ClOOCl catalytic cycle. Available laboratory measurements of the ClOOCl absorption cross sections, the ClO + ClO + M reaction rate constant, and the ClO/ClOOCl equilibrium constant are considered, along with compendium evaluations of these kinetic parameters. We show that the most recent (year 2015) recommendations for the kinetics that govern the partitioning of ClO and ClOOCl put forth by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) panel are in extremely good agreement with the atmospheric observations of [ClO] and [ClOOCl]. Hence, we suggest that studies of polar ozone loss adopt these most recent recommendations. The most important difference with respect to calculations that rely on older recommendations is the temperature at which loss of O3 by the ClOOCl catalytic cycle terminates. The latest JPL recommendation for the equilibrium constant suggests that ClOOCl is less stable than previously assumed, resulting in an approximate 2°C downward shift in the termination temperature of polar ozone loss due to the ClOOCl catalytic cycle. Remaining uncertainties in our knowledge of the kinetics that govern the partitioning of ClO and ClOOCl within the activated vortex, and hence the efficiency of O3 loss by the ClOOCl cycle, will be best addressed by future laboratory determinations of the absolute cross section of ClOOCl at the peak (i.e., close to a wavelength of 245 nm) as well as reduced uncertainty in the rate constant of the ClO + ClO + M reaction.
Twenty five years of planetary science: Discoveries and new questions
Authors: Hauck Steven A. , Baratoux David , Stanley Sabine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis year marks the 25th anniversary of the first issue of JGR‐Planets. We are marking this occasion with a collection of review papers focused on enduring and fundamental themes in planetary science that have framed the past quarter century and will strongly influence research and exploration in the next quarter century. With topics covering bodies small and large, processes on and in solid planets and giant planets, in atmospheres, and around other stars, this collection samples the broad scope of planetary science and of JGR‐Planets.
Intermediate time scale response of atmospheric CO2 following prescribed fire in a longleaf pine forest
Authors: Viner B. , Parker M. , Maze G. , Varnedoe P. , Leclerc M. , Starr G. , Aubrey D. , Zhang G. , Duarte H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFire plays an essential role in maintaining the structure and function of longleaf pine ecosystems. While the effects of fire on carbon cycle have been measured in previous studies for short periods during a burn and for multiyear periods following the burn, information on how carbon cycle is influenced by such changes over the span of a few weeks to months has yet to be quantified. We have analyzed high‐frequency measurements of CO2 concentration and flux, as well as associated micrometeorological variables, at three levels of the tall Aiken AmeriFlux tower during and after a prescribed burn. Measurements of the CO2 concentration and vertical fluxes were examined as well as calculated net ecosystem exchange (NEE) for periods prior to and after the burn. Large spikes in both CO2 concentration and CO2 flux during the fire and increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration and reduced CO2 flux were observed for several weeks following the burn, particularly below the forest canopy. Both CO2 measurements and NEE were found to return to their preburn states within 60–90 days following the burn when no statistical significance was found between preburn and postburn NEE. This study examines the micrometeorological conditions during a low‐intensity prescribed burn and its short‐term effects on local CO2 dynamics in a forested environment by identifying observable impacts on local measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentration and fluxes.
The influence of daily meteorology on boreal fire emissions and regional trace gas variability
Authors: Wiggins E. B. , Veraverbeke S. , Henderson J. M. , Karion A. , Miller J. B. , Lindaas J. , Commane R. , Sweeney C. , Luus K. A. , Tosca M. G. , Dinardo S. J. , Wofsy S. , Miller C. E. , Randerson J. T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRelationships between boreal wildfire emissions and day‐to‐day variations in meteorological variables are complex and have important implications for the sensitivity of high‐latitude ecosystems to climate change. We examined the influence of environmental conditions on boreal fire emissions and fire contributions to regional trace gas variability in interior Alaska during the summer of 2013 using two types of analysis. First, we quantified the degree to which meteorological and fire weather indices explained regional variability in fire activity using four different products, including active fires, fire radiative power, burned area, and carbon emissions. Second, we combined daily emissions from the Alaskan Fire Emissions Database (AKFED) with the coupled Polar Weather Research and Forecasting/Stochastic Time‐Inverted Lagrangian Transport model to estimate fire contributions to trace gas concentration measurements at the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment‐NOAA Global Monitoring Division (CRV) tower in interior Alaska. Tower observations during two high fire periods were used to estimate CO and CH4emission factors. We found that vapor pressure deficit and temperature had a level of performance similar to more complex fire weather indices. Emission factors derived from CRV tower measurements were 134 ± 25 g CO per kg of combusted biomass and 7.74 ± 1.06 g CH4per kg of combusted biomass. Predicted daily CO mole fractions from AKFED emissions were moderately correlated with CRV observations (r = 0.68) and had a high bias. The modeling system developed here allows for attribution of emission factors to individual fires and has the potential to improve our understanding of regional CO, CH4, and CO2budgets.
Teachers' Ratings of Working Memory in English Language Learners: Do Laboratory Measures Predict Classroom Analogues?
Authors: Uppal Harpreet Kaur , Lee Swanson H. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis study investigated the relationship between teachers' classroom ratings of working memory (WM) and laboratory measures of WM of English language learners (ELLs) in the elementary grades. Multilevel modeling was used to identify whether teacher ratings accurately predicted ELL children's performance on WM tasks. The results indicated that teachers' ratings of WM were predicted by isolated components of WM even when measures of achievement, vocabulary and gender representation were entered into the analysis. Teacher ratings of WM were predictive of student performance on latent measures of Spanish short‐term memory and the executive component of WM. Entering inattention ratings into the analysis partialed out the influence of the executive component of WM, while leaving variance related to a language‐specific storage system as a significant predictor of teachers' classroom ratings of WM. The results suggest that classroom ratings of WM provide a valid analogue of student laboratory performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examining Measurement Invariance Across Gender in Self‐defining Autobiographical Memory Characteristics Using a Shortened Version of the Memory Experiences Questionnaire
Authors: Siedlecki Karen L. , Falzarano Francesca 
Published: October 2016

SummaryParticipants between the ages of 18 and 94 years (n = 279) provided ratings on different phenomenological memory characteristics regarding a self‐defining autobiographical memory by completing a slightly shortened version of the Memory Experiences Questionnaire. Results of a multi‐group invariance analyses across men and women provided evidence of configural, metric, scalar, and structural invariance across gender. These results help to empirically substantiate the assumption that memory phenomenology is invariant across gender. Subsequent latent means analysis found that women, as compared with men, rated their self‐defining memories as being more coherent, having greater emotional intensity, having greater sensory detail, having higher levels of vividness/time perspective, and being more likely to be from a first‐person perspective. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Passport Checks: Interactions Between Matching Faces and Biographical Details
Authors: McCaffery Jennifer M. , Burton A. Mike 
Published: October 2016

SummaryMatching unfamiliar faces is known to be a difficult task. However, most research has tested viewers' ability to match pairs of faces presented in isolation. In real settings, professionals are commonly required to examine photo ID that contains other biographical information too. In three experiments, we present faces embedded in passport frames and ask viewers to make face matching decisions and to check biographical information. We find that the inclusion of a passport frame reduces viewers' ability to detect a face mismatch. Furthermore, the nature of the face match influences biographical data checking—true matches lead to fewer detections of invalid data. In general, viewers were poor at spotting errors in biographical information. This pattern suggests that detection of fraudulent photo ID is even harder than current experimental studies suggest. Possible mechanisms for these effects are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phonetic Symbolism and Memory for Advertisements
Authors: Boltz Marilyn G. , Mangigian Grace M. , Allen Molly B. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis study investigated whether phonetic symbolism within brand names influences the memory of advertisements. Participants both saw and heard brand names with front vs. back vowels paired with small vs. large products in a congruent vs. incongruent fashion. When later given several unexpected memory tasks, it was found that congruent (vs. incongruent) pairings led to enhanced brand name and product recall as well as the efficiency of both brand name and paired recognition. These findings are consistent with a theory of cross‐modal processing involving perceptual unification. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased Incidence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Polymyositis: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Tseng Chia‐Chun , Chang Shun‐Jen , Tsai Wen‐Chan , Ou Tsan‐Teng , Wu Cheng‐Chin , Sung Wan‐Yu , Hsieh Ming‐Chia , Yen Jeng‐Hsien 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivePast studies have shown common pathologic characteristics and shared immunologic features between polymyositis (PM) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To explore the potential relationship between the 2 diseases, we performed a nationwide cohort study.MethodsWe identified all newly diagnosed patients with PM from Taiwan's Registry of Catastrophic Illness Database between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2011. Each PM patient was matched to ≤5 control patients from the National Health Insurance Research Database by sex, age, and entry date. Cumulative incidence of ALS was calculated by the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared using the log rank test. Cox hazard regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio of ALS.ResultsA total of 1,778 PM patients and 8,124 control patients were enrolled. PM patients had a higher cumulative incidence of ALS (P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation in being diagnosed with ALS in patients previously diagnosed with PM when stratified by sex. Consistent trends were conserved across different age strata. The strength of this association remained statistically significant after adjusting for sex, age, and concomitant autoimmune diseases (hazard ratio 25.72 [95% confidence interval 2.95–224.58]; P = 0.003).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that a diagnosis of PM increased the likelihood of a subsequent ALS diagnosis, independent of sex, age, and concomitant autoimmune diseases. Future studies are warranted to clarify the underlying biologic mechanisms and to translate them into clinical therapeutic options.
Task space consensus in networks of heterogeneous and uncertain robotic systems with variable time‐delays
Authors: Nuño Emmanuel , Aldana Carlos I. , Basañez Luis 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis work deals with the leader‐follower and the leaderless consensus problems in networks of multiple robot manipulators. The robots are non‐identical, kinematically different (heterogeneous), and their physical parameters are uncertain. The main contribution of this work is a novel controller that solves the two consensus problems, in the task space, with the following features: it estimates the kinematic and the dynamic physical parameters; it is robust to interconnecting variable‐time delays; it employs the singularity‐free unit‐quaternions to represent the orientation; and, using energy‐like functions, the controller synthesis follows a constructive procedure. Simulations using a network with four heterogeneous manipulators illustrate the performance of the proposed controller. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Vision for the Future of Community Psychology Education and Training
Authors: Jimenez Tiffeny R. , Sánchez Bernadette , McMahon Susan D. , Viola Judah 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAs we reflect on the founding vision of the field of community psychology in the United States, we assess our progress toward achieving, building upon, and refining this vision. We review early literature regarding the US vision of the field, provide a historical overview of education and training within the field, and provide recommendations to guide and strengthen our approach to education. Our recommendations include the following: 1) serve as a resource to communities, 2) promote a sense of community within our field, 3) diversify students, faculty, and leadership, 4) evaluate our efforts, 5) be current and relevant, 6) enhance the visibility and growth of our field, and 7) create globally minded and innovative CPists. We provide strategies for programs, faculty, linkages between researchers and practitioners, and the Society for Community Research and Action. We conclude that community psychology education and training continues to reflect the early vision; however, we believe we must make more intentional efforts to align with the mission and values of the field, and to engage in a critical analysis of our pedagogy. Enhancing and growing undergraduate and graduate education can facilitate the achievement of our goals to promote social justice, prevent and address social problems, and build community connections to become more effective, impactful, and global social change agents.
Enantioselective Alkylation of Glycine Imine Promoted by Amino‐Acid‐Derived Phosphonium Salts
Authors: Wen Shan , Li Xing , Lu Yixin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractChiral phosphonium salts derived from natural amino acids were prepared and applied to the asymmetric alkylation reaction of glycine imine with substituted benzyl bromides, and the desired alkylation products were obtained in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.
Erzeugung zweifach koordinierter Bor(I)‐Einheiten durch Fragmentierung eines molekularen Tetra‐Bor(I)‐Quadrats
Authors: Arrowsmith Merle , Auerhammer Dominic , Bertermann Rüdiger , Braunschweig Holger , Bringmann Gerhard , Celik Mehmet Ali , Dewhurst Rian D. , Finze Maik , Grüne Matthias , Hailmann Michael , Hertle Thomas , Krummenacher Ivo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDie Reduktion des Carbenboranaddukts [(cAAC)BBr2(CN)] (cAAC=1‐(2,6‐Diisopropylphenyl)‐3,3,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidin‐2‐yliden) verlief sauber zur Tetra(cyanoborylen)verbindung [(cAAC)B(CN)]4, welche einen zwölfgliedrigen (BCN)4‐Ring aufweist. Die Analyse der Kohn‐Sham‐Molekülorbitale zeigte eindeutige Boryleneigenschaften der BI‐Atome. Einerseits reduzierte [(cAAC)B(CN)]4 zwei Äquivalente AgCN unter Bildung von [(cAAC)B(CN)3], andererseits fragmentierte es in der Reaktion mit IMeMe (1,3,4,5‐Tetramethylimidazol‐2‐yliden) zu divalenten Bor(I)‐Einheiten und ergab dabei das entsprechende dreifach koordinierte, gemischte cAAC‐NHC‐Cyanoborylen. Das analoge cAAC‐Phosphan‐Cyanoborylen wurde durch die Reduktion von [(cAAC)BBr2(CN)] in Gegenwart eines Überschusses an Phosphan erhalten.
Multidimensional Mass Spectrometry of Synthetic Polymers and Advanced Materials
Authors: Wesdemiotis Chrys 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMultidimensional mass spectrometry interfaces a suitable ionization technique and mass analysis (MS) with fragmentation by tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) and an orthogonal online separation method. Separation choices include liquid chromatography (LC) and ion‐mobility spectrometry (IMS), in which separation takes place pre‐ionization in the solution state or post‐ionization in the gas phase, respectively. The MS step provides elemental composition information, while MS2 exploits differences in the bond stabilities of a polymer, yielding connectivity and sequence information. LC conditions can be tuned to separate by polarity, end‐group functionality, or hydrodynamic volume, whereas IMS adds selectivity by macromolecular shape and architecture. This Minireview discusses how selected combinations of the MS, MS2, LC, and IMS dimensions can be applied, together with the appropriate ionization method, to determine the constituents, structures, end groups, sequences, and architectures of a wide variety of homo‐ and copolymeric materials, including multicomponent blends, supramolecular assemblies, novel hybrid materials, and large cross‐linked or nonionizable polymers.
Characterization of the Cytochrome c Membrane‐Binding Site Using Cardiolipin‐Containing Bicelles with NMR
Authors: Kobayashi Hisashi , Nagao Satoshi , Hirota Shun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCytochrome (cyt) c transports electrons from Complex III to Complex IV in mitochondria. Cyt c is ordinarily anchored to the mitochondrial membrane through interaction with cardiolipin (CL), however its release into the cytosol initiates apoptosis. The cyt c interaction site with CL‐containing bicelles was characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Chemical shift perturbations in cyt c signals upon interaction with bicelles revealed that a relatively wide region, which includes the A‐site, the CXXCH motif, and the N‐ and C‐terminal helices, and contains multiple Lys residues, interacts cooperatively with CL. The specific cyt c–CL interaction increased with increasing CL molecules in the bicelles. The location of the cyt c interaction site for CL was similar to those for Complex III and Complex IV, thus indicating that cyt c recognizes lipids and partner proteins in a similar way. In addition to elucidating the cyt c membrane‐binding site, these results provide insight into the dynamic aspect of cyt c interactions in mitochondria.
Thermal Dehydrogenation of Methane by [ReN]+
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Li Jilai , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe thermal reaction of the diatomic rhenium nitride cation [ReN]+ with methane has been explored using FT‐ICR mass spectrometry complemented by high‐level quantum chemical calculations. Mechanistic aspects of the reaction have been addressed to uncover scenarios for the competitive generation of a methylene and a hydrogen cyanide ligand attached to the rhenium center. The role the nitrogen atom plays in the reactive [ReN]+/CH4 couple is elucidated, and the cause of the rather different reactivities of [ReN]+ and its lighter congener [MnN]+ is revealed.