bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective modes in three-dimensional magnonic vortex crystals
Authors: Hänze Max , Adolff Christian F. , Schulte Benedikt , Möller Jan , Weigand Markus , Meier Guido 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCollective modes in three-dimensional crystals of stacked permalloy disks with magnetic vortices are investigated by ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. The size of the arrangements is increased step by step to identify the different contributions to the interaction between the vortices. These contributions are the key requirement to understand complex dynamics of three dimensional vortex crystals. Both vertical and horizontal coupling determine the collective modes. In-plane dipoles strongly influence the interaction between the disks in the stacks and lead to polarity-dependent resonance frequencies. Weaker contributions discern arrangements with different polarities and circularities that result from the lateral coupling of the stacks and the interaction of the core regions inside a stack. All three contributions are identified in the experiments and are explained in a rigid particle model.
Tunable nanoplasmonic sensor based on the asymmetric degree of Fano resonance in MDM waveguide
Authors: Zhan Shiping , Peng Yongyi , He Zhihui , Li Boxun , Chen Zhiquan , Xu Hui , Li Hongjian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe first report a simple nanoplasmonic sensor for both universal and slow-light sensing in a Fano resonance-based waveguide system. A theoretical model based on the coupling of resonant modes is provided for the inside physics mechanism, which is supported by the numerical FDTD results. The revealed evolution of the sensing property shows that the Fano asymmetric factor p plays an important role in adjusting the FOM of sensor and a maximum of ~4800 is obtained when p = 1. Finally, the slow-light sensing in such nanoplasmonic sensor is also investigated. It is found that the contradiction between the sensing width with slow-light (SWS) and the relevant sensitivity can be resolved by tuning the Fano asymmetric factor p and the quality factor of the superradiant mode. The presented theoretical model and the pronounced features of this simple nanoplasmonic sensor, such as the tunable sensing and convenient integration, have significant applications in integrated plasmonic devices.
Gut microbiota-involved mechanisms in enhancing systemic exposure of ginsenosides by coexisting polysaccharides in ginseng decoction
Authors: Zhou Shan-Shan , Xu Jun , Zhu He , Wu Jie , Xu Jin-Di , Yan Ru , Li Xiu-Yang , Liu Huan-Huan , Duan Su-Min , Wang Zhuo , Chen Hu-Biao , Shen Hong , Li Song-Lin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOral decoctions of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) serve for therapeutic and prophylactic management of diseases for centuries. Small molecules and polysaccharides are the dominant chemicals co-occurred in the TCM decoction. Small molecules are well-studied by multidisciplinary elaborations, whereas the role of polysaccharides remains largely elusive. Here we explore a gut microbiota-involved mechanism by which TCM polysaccharides restore the homeostasis of gut microbiota and consequently promote the systemic exposure of concomitant small molecules in the decoction. As a case study, ginseng polysaccharides and ginsenosides in Du-Shen-Tang, the decoction of ginseng, were investigated on an over-fatigue and acute cold stress model. The results indicated that ginseng polysaccharides improved intestinal metabolism and absorption of certain ginsenosides, meanwhile reinstated the perturbed holistic gut microbiota, and particularly enhanced the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroides spp., two major metabolic bacteria of ginsenosides. By exploring the synergistic actions of polysaccharides with small molecules, these findings shed new light on scientization and rationalization of the classic TCM decoctions in human health care.
Y-shaped ZnO Nanobelts Driven from Twinned Dislocations
Authors: Shi Yuan , Bao Shuhan , Shi Run , Huang Chengzi , Amini Abbas , Wu Zefei , Zhang Linfei , Wang Ning , Cheng Chun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractY-shaped ZnO nanobelts are fabricated by a simple thermal evaporation method. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) investigation shows that these ZnO nanobelts are crystals with twinned planes {11–21}. Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction studies show that the two sides of twinned nanobelts are O-terminated towards the twinned boundary and Zn-terminated outwards. The two branches of twinned ZnO nanobelts grow along [11–26] from the trunk and then turn to the polarization direction [0001]. The featured Y-shape morphology and TEM characterizations indicate that the growth of these novel nanostructures is driven by an unusual twinned dislocation growth mechanism.
Ultrafast Microwave Nano-manufacturing of Fullerene-Like Metal Chalcogenides
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhang Lin , Wang Ruigang , Poyraz Selcuk , Cook Jonathan , Bozack Michael J. , Das Siddhartha , Zhang Xinyu , Hu Liangbing 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMetal Chalcogenides (MCs) have emerged as an extremely important class of nanomaterials with applications ranging from lubrication to energy storage devices. Here we report our discovery of a universal, ultrafast (60 seconds), energy-efficient, and facile technique of synthesizing MC nanoparticles and nanostructures, using microwave-assisted heating. A suitable combination of chemicals was selected for reactions on Polypyrrole nanofibers (PPy-NF) in presence of microwave irradiation. The PPy-NF serves as the conducting medium to absorb microwave energy to heat the chemicals that provide the metal and the chalcogenide constituents separately. The MCs are formed as nanoparticles that eventually undergo a size-dependent, multi-stage aggregation process to yield different kinds of MC nanostructures. Most importantly, this is a single-step metal chalcogenide formation process that is much faster and much more energy-efficient than all the other existing methods and can be universally employed to produce different kinds of MCs (e.g., MoS2, and WS2).
Frog Virus 3 dissemination in the brain of tadpoles, but not in adult Xenopus, involves blood brain barrier dysfunction
Authors: De Jesús Andino Francisco , Jones Letitia , Maggirwar Sanjay B. , Robert Jacques 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhile increasing evidence points to a key role of monocytes in amphibian host defenses, monocytes are also thought to be important in the dissemination and persistent infection caused by ranavirus. However, little is known about the fate of infected macrophages or if ranavirus exploits immune privileged organs, such as the brain, in order to establish a reservoir. The amphibian Xenopus laevis and Frog Virus 3 (FV3) were established as an experimental platform for investigating in vivo whether ranavirus could disseminate to the brain. Our data show that the FV3 infection alters the BBB integrity, possibly mediated by an inflammatory response, which leads to viral dissemination into the central nervous system in X. laevis tadpole but not adult. Furthermore, our data suggest that the macrophages play a major role in viral dissemination by carrying the virus into the neural tissues.
Microglial activation induces neuronal death in Chandipura virus infection
Authors: Verma Abhishek Kumar , Ghosh Sourish , Pradhan Sreeparna , Basu Anirban 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNeurotropic viruses induce neurodegeneration either directly by activating host death domains or indirectly through host immune response pathways. Chandipura Virus (CHPV) belonging to family Rhabdoviridae is ranked among the emerging pathogens of the Indian subcontinent. Previously we have reported that CHPV induces neurodegeneration albeit the root cause of this degeneration is still an open question. In this study we explored the role of microglia following CHPV infection. Phenotypic analysis of microglia through lectin and Iba-1 staining indicated cells were in an activated state post CHPV infection in cortical region of the infected mouse brain. Cytokine Bead Array (CBA) analysis revealed comparatively higher cytokine and chemokine levels in the same region. Increased level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Nitric Oxide (NO) and Reactive Oxygen species (ROS) in CHPV infected mouse brain indicated a strong inflammatory response to CHPV infection. Hence it was hypothesized through our analyses that this inflammatory response may stimulate the neuronal death following CHPV infection. In order to validate our hypothesis supernatant from CHPV infected microglial culture was used to infect neuronal cell line and primary neurons. This study confirmed the bystander killing of neurons due to activation of microglia post CHPV infection.
Efficient upconversion luminescence from Ba5Gd8Zn4O21:Yb3+, Er3+ based on a demonstrated cross-relaxation process
Authors: Mi Chao , Wu Jianhong , Yang Yanmin , Han Boning , Wei Jun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUnder 971 nm excitation, bright green and red emissions from Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped Ba5Gd8Zn4O21 phosphor can be observed, especially the intense red emission in highly doped samples. The experimental results indicate that Ba5Gd8Zn4O21:Yb3+, Er3+ emits stronger upconversion luminescence than NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ under a low excitation power and a maximum upconversion power efficiency of 2.7% for Ba5Gd8Zn4O21:Yb3+, Er3+ was achieved. More significantly, to explain the red emission enhanced with the dopant concentration, this paper presents a possible cross-relaxation process and demonstrates it based on the rate equation description and temporal evolution. In view of the strong upconversion luminescence, colour tunable ability and stable chemical nature, Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped Ba5Gd8Zn4O21 phosphor could be an excellent candidate for efficient upconversion luminescence generation.
Robust ultrasensitive tunneling-FET biosensor for point-of-care diagnostics
Authors: Gao Anran , Lu Na , Wang Yuelin , Li Tie 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFor point-of-care (POC) applications, robust, ultrasensitive, small, rapid, low-power and low-cost sensors are highly desirable. Here, we present a novel biosensor based on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible silicon nanowire tunneling field-effect transistor (SiNW-TFET). They were fabricated “top-down” with a low-cost anisotropic self-stop etching technique. Notably, the SiNW-TFET device provided strong anti-interference capacity by applying the inherent ambipolarity via both pH and CYFRA21-1 sensing. This offered a more robust and portable general protocol. The specific label-free detection of CYFRA21-1 down to 0.5 fgml−1 or ~12.5 aM was achieved using a highly responsive SiNW-TFET device with a minimum sub-threshold slope (SS) of 37 mVdec−1. Furthermore, real-time measurements highlighted the ability to use clinically relevant samples such as serum. The developed high performance diagnostic system is expected to provide a generic platform for numerous POC applications.
Long-range doublon transfer in a dimer chain induced by topology and ac fields
Authors: Bello M. , Creffield C. E. , Platero G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe controlled transfer of particles from one site of a spatial lattice to another is essential for many tasks in quantum information processing and quantum communication. In this work we study how to induce long-range transfer between the two ends of a dimer chain, by coupling states that are localized just on the chain’s end-points. This has the appealing feature that the transfer occurs only between the end-points – the particle does not pass through the intermediate sites–making the transfer less susceptible to decoherence. We first show how a repulsively bound-pair of fermions, known as a doublon, can be transferred from one end of the chain to the other via topological edge states. We then show how non-topological surface states of the familiar Shockley or Tamm type can be used to produce a similar form of transfer under the action of a periodic driving potential. Finally we show that combining these effects can produce transfer by means of more exotic topological effects, in which the driving field can be used to switch the topological character of the edge states, as measured by the Zak phase. Our results demonstrate how to induce long range transfer of strongly correlated particles by tuning both topology and driving.
miR-8-3p regulates mitoferrin in the testes of Bactrocera dorsalis to ensure normal spermatogenesis
Authors: Tariq Kaleem , Metzendorf Christoph , Peng Wei , Sohail Summar , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGenetics-enhanced sterile insect techniques (SIT) are promising novel approaches to control Bactrocera dorsalis, the most destructive horticultural pest in East Asia and the Pacific region. To identify novel genetic agents to alter male fertility of B. dorsalis, previous studies investigated miRNA expression in testes of B. dorsalis. One miRNA, miR-8-3p was predicted to bind the 3′UTR of putative B. dorsalis mitoferrin (bmfrn). The ortholog of bmfrn in D. melanogaster is essential for male fertility. Here we show that bmfrn has all conserved amino acid residues of known mitoferrins and is most abundantly expressed in B. dorsalis testes, making miR-8-3p and mitoferrin candidates for genetics-enhanced SIT. Furthermore, using a dual-luciferase reporter system, we show in HeLa cells that miR-8-3p interacts with the 3′UTR of bmfrn. Dietary treatments of adult male flies with miR-8-3p mimic, antagomiR, or bmfrn dsRNA, altered mitoferrin expression in the testes and resulted in reduced male reproductive capacity due to reduced numbers and viability of spermatozoa. We show for the first time that a mitoferrin is regulated by a miRNA and we demonstrate miR-8-3p as well as bmfrn dsRNA to be promising novel agents that could be used for genetics-enhanced SIT.
Rare Helicobacter pylori Virulence Genotypes in Bhutan
Authors: Matsunari Osamu , Miftahussurur Muhammad , Shiota Seiji , Suzuki Rumiko , Vilaichone Ratha-korn , Uchida Tomohisa , Ratanachu-ek Thawee , Tshering Lotay , Mahachai Varocha , Yamaoka Yoshio 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBoth the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of gastric cancer are high in Bhutan. The high incidence of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer suggest the phylogeographic origin of an infection with a more virulent strain of H. pylori. More than 90% of Bhutanese strains possessed the highly virulent East Asian-type CagA and all strains had the most virulent type of vacA (s1 type). More than half also had multiple repeats in East Asian-type CagA, which are rare in other countries and are reported characteristictly found in assciation with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer consistent with Bhutanese strains having multiple H. pylori virulence factors associated with an increase in gastric cancer risk. Phylogeographic analyses showed that most Bhutanese strains belonged to the East Asian population type with some strains (17.5%) sharing East Asian and Amerindian components. Only 9.5% belonged to the European type consistant with H. pylori in Bhutan representing an intermediate evolutionary stage between H. pylori from European and East Asian countries.
Ingestion of genetically modified yeast symbiont reduces fitness of an insect pest via RNA interference
Authors: Murphy Katherine A. , Tabuloc Christine A. , Cervantes Kevin R. , Chiu Joanna C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRNA interference has had major advances as a developing tool for pest management. In laboratory experiments, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is often administered to the insect by genetic modification of the crop, or synthesizedin vitroand topically applied to the crop. Here, we engineered genetically modified yeast that express dsRNA targetingy-TubulininDrosophila suzukii. Our design takes advantage of the symbiotic interactions betweenDrosophila, yeast and fruit crops. Yeast is naturally found growing on the surface of fruit crops, constitutes a major component of theDrosophilamicrobiome and is highly attractive toDrosophila.Thus, this naturally attractive yeast biopesticide can deliver dsRNA to an insect pest without the need for genetic crop modification. We demonstrate that this biopesticide decreases larval survivorship and reduces locomotor activity and reproductive fitness in adults, which are indicative of general health decline. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that yeast can be used to deliver dsRNA to an insect pest.
Costs and trade-offs of grazer-induced defenses in Scenedesmus under deficient resource
Authors: Zhu Xuexia , Wang Jun , Chen Qinwen , Chen Ge , Huang Yuan , Yang Zhou 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe green alga Scenedesmus obliquus can form inducible defensive morphs under grazing threat. Costs and trade-offs of inducible defense are expected to accompany the benefits of defensive morphs, but are hard to detect under nutrient-sufficient experimental conditions. To test the existence of costs associated with inducible defense, we cultured S. obliquus along resource availability gradients in the presence or absence of infochemical cues from Daphnia, and measured the strength of defensive colony formation and fitness characters. Under the lowest phosphorous concentration, the expression of inducible defensive colony resulted in decreased growth rate, which provides direct evidence for physiological costs. Along the gradient reduction of phosphorous concentration or light intensity, inducible defense in S. obliquus showed a decreasing trend. However, the photosynthetic efficiency of S. obliquus was barely affected by its defense responses, suggesting that the negative correlations between resource availability and colony formation of this alga may be due to resource-based trade-offs in the allocation of limited resources. Thus, our results indicated that expression of inducible defense of S. obliquus was impaired under insufficient phosphorus or light. Furthermore, under severe phosphate deficiency, obvious physiological costs of inducible defense could be detected even though defensive colony formation also decreased significantly.
Silencing MicroRNA-155 Attenuates Cardiac Injury and Dysfunction in Viral Myocarditis via Promotion of M2 Phenotype Polarization of Macrophages
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Zhang Mengying , Li Xueqin , Tang Zongsheng , Wang Xiangmin , Zhong Min , Suo Qifeng , Zhang Yao , Lv Kun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMacrophage infiltration is a hallmark feature of viral myocarditis. As studies have shown that microRNA-155 regulates the differentiation of macrophages, we aimed to investigate the role of microRNA-155 in VM. We report that silencing microRNA-155 protects mice from coxsackievirus B3 induced myocarditis. We found that microRNA-155 expression was upregulated and localized primarily in heart-infiltrating macrophages and CD4+ T lymphocytes during acute myocarditis. In contrast with wildtype (WT) mice, microRNA-155−/− mice developed attenuated viral myocarditis, which was characterized by decreased cardiac inflammation and decreased intracardiac CD45+ leukocytes. Hearts of microRNA-155−/− mice expressed decreased levels of the IFN-γ and increased levels of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. Although total CD4+ and regulatory T cells were unchanged in miR-155−/− spleen proportionally, the activation of T cells and CD4+ T cell proliferation in miR-155−/− mice were significantly decreased. Beyond the acute phase, microRNA-155−/− mice had reduced mortality and improved cardiac function during 5 weeks of follow-up. Moreover, silencing microRNA-155 led to increased levels of alternatively-activated macrophages (M2) and decreased levels of classically-activated macrophages (M1) in the heart. Combined, our studies suggest that microRNA-155 confers susceptibility to viral myocarditis by affecting macrophage polarization, and thus may be a potential therapeutic target for viral myocarditis.
Crosstalk between the lipopolysaccharide and phospholipid pathways during outer membrane biogenesis in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Emiola Akintunde , Andrews Steven S. , Heller Carolin , George John 
Published: March 2016

Significance
This work examines the relationship between bacterial phospholipid biosynthesis and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) regulation. Because LPS is a potent endotoxin in addition to being essential for the survival of gram-negative bacteria, our experimental findings are of importance to the fields of microbiology, immunology, and drug design. In addition, the computational aspect of this work represents an in-depth kinetic model comprising 81 chemical reactions; hence, computational and systems biologists would find our work useful. Furthermore, recent interests in the field of biofuel production by bacteria also imply that our study can help elucidate mechanisms for increased saturated or unsaturated fatty acids synthesis. Consequently, our work appeals to a broad range of disciplines.
A short-term zinc-deficient diet decreases bone formation through down-regulated BMP2 in rat bone
Authors: Suzuki Takako , Katsumata Shin-ichi , Matsuzaki Hiroshi , Suzuki Kazuharu 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We investigated the effects of a short-term dietary zinc deficiency on bone metabolism. Zinc deficiency increased the mRNA expression of zinc uptake transporters such as Zip1, Zip13, and Zip14 in bone. However, zinc deficiency might not maintain zinc storage in bone, resulting in a decrease in bone formation through downregulation of the expression levels of osteoblastogenesis-related genes.
Party Capability and the US Courts of Appeals
Authors: Szmer John , Songer Donald R. , Bowie Jennifer 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhile many studies have examined party capability theory, few have empirically examined the potential causal mechanisms underlying the theory. We do this by combining quantitative analyses with qualitative data drawn from interviews with over 60 US courts of appeals judges. We find that the “haves,” or repeat players, hire better lawyers and that these lawyers independently contribute to the success of the repeat players. We also find that the advantages of the haves extend to all parties, though to a lesser extent than the advantages enjoyed by the US government. These results remain robust after controlling for ideology.
Gap phenomena and curvature estimates for conformally compact Einstein manifolds
Authors: Li Gang , Qing Jie , Shi Yuguang 
Published: March 2016

In this paper we obtain first a gap theorem for a class of conformally compact Einstein manifolds with a renormalized volume that is close to its maximum value. We also use a blow-up method to derive curvature estimates for conformally compact Einstein manifolds with large renormalized volume. The major part of this paper is the study of how a property of the conformal infinity influences the geometry of the interior of a conformally compact Einstein manifold. Specifically we are interested in conformally compact Einstein manifolds with conformal infinity whose Yamabe invariant is close to that of the round sphere. Based on the approach initiated by Dutta and Javaheri we present a complete proof of the relative volume inequality
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