bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do the Stellar Disc and Thick Disc Stop?
Authors: Robin A.C. , Crézé M. , Mohan V. 
Published: July 2016

As part of a stellar population sampling program, a series of photometric probes at various field sizes and depths have been obtained in a low extinction window in the galactic anticentre direction. Very deep CCD frames probe the most external parts of the disc, providing strong evidence that the galactic density scale length for the old disc population is rather short (2.5 kpc) and drops abruptly beyond 5.5-6 kpc.Deeper frames in the I band allow to estimate photometric distances and confirm the position of the disk edge. A few stars are found at larger distances. Their number is exactly what we expect if the thick disk does not have any cutoff. We discuss the implications for the formation and evolution of the disc, for the star formation threshold, and for the origin of the thick disc population.
Parents’ preparedness for their infants’ discharge following first-stage cardiac surgery: development of a parental early warning tool
Authors: Gaskin Kerry L. , Barron David J. , Daniels Amanda 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore parental preparedness for discharge and their experiences of going home with their infant after the first-stage surgery for a functionally univentricular heart.BackgroundTechnological advances worldwide have improved outcomes for infants with a functionally univentricular heart over the last 3 decades; however, concern remains regarding mortality in the period between the first and second stages of surgery. The implementation of home monitoring programmes for this group of infants has improved this initial inter-stage survival; however, little is known about parents’ experiences of going home, their preparedness for discharge, and parents’ recognition of deterioration in their fragile infant.MethodThis study was conducted in 2011–2013; eight sets of parents were consulted in the research planning stage in September, 2011, and 22 parents with children aged 0–2 years responded to an online survey during November, 2012–March, 2013. Description of categorical data and deductive thematic analysis of the open-ended questions were undertaken.ResultsNot all parents were taught signs of deterioration or given written information specific to their baby. The following three themes emerged from the qualitative data:mixed emotions about going home,knowledge and preparedness, andsupport systems.ConclusionsParents are not adequately prepared for discharge and are not well equipped to recognise deterioration in their child. There is a role for greater parental education through development of an early warning tool to address the gap in parents’ understanding of signs of deterioration, enabling appropriate contact and earlier management by clinicians.
Kant's Third Critique: The Project of Unification
Authors: Gardner Sebastian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper offers a synoptic view of Kant's Critique of the Power of Judgement and its reception by the German Idealists. I begin by sketching Kant's conception of how its several parts fit together, and emphasize the way in which the specifically moral motivation of Kant's project of unification of Freedom and Nature distances it from our contemporary philosophical concerns. For the German Idealists, by contrast, the CPJ's conception of the opposition of Freedom and Nature as defining the overarching task of philosophy provides a warrant and basis for bold speculative programmes. The German Idealist development therefore presupposes Kant's failure in the CPJ to resolve the problem of the relation of Freedom and Nature. What is fundamentally at issue in the argument between Kant and his successors is the question of the correct conception of philosophical systematicity and in this context I reconstruct Kant's defence of his claim to philosophical finality.
Cellular mechanisms for cargo delivery and polarity maintenance at different polar domains in plant cells
Authors: Łangowski Łukasz , Wabnik Krzysztof , Li Hongjiang , Vanneste Steffen , Naramoto Satoshi , Tanaka Hirokazu , Friml Jiří 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe asymmetric localization of proteins in the plasma membrane domains of eukaryotic cells is a fundamental manifestation of cell polarity that is central to multicellular organization and developmental patterning. In plants, the mechanisms underlying the polar localization of cargo proteins are still largely unknown and appear to be fundamentally distinct from those operating in mammals. Here, we present a systematic, quantitative comparative analysis of the polar delivery and subcellular localization of proteins that characterize distinct polar plasma membrane domains in plant cells. The combination of microscopic analyses and computational modeling revealed a mechanistic framework common to diverse polar cargos and underlying the establishment and maintenance of apical, basal, and lateral polar domains in plant cells. This mechanism depends on the polar secretion, constitutive endocytic recycling, and restricted lateral diffusion of cargos within the plasma membrane. Moreover, our observations suggest that polar cargo distribution involves the individual protein potential to form clusters within the plasma membrane and interact with the extracellular matrix. Our observations provide insights into the shared cellular mechanisms of polar cargo delivery and polarity maintenance in plant cells.
Dome-shaped magnetic order competing with high-temperature superconductivity at high pressures in FeSe
Authors: Sun J. P. , Matsuura K. , Ye G. Z. , Mizukami Y. , Shimozawa M. , Matsubayashi K. , Yamashita M. , Watashige T. , Kasahara S. , Matsuda Y. , Yan J. -Q. , Sales B. C. , Uwatoko Y. , Cheng J. -G. , Shibauchi T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe coexistence and competition between superconductivity and electronic orders, such as spin or charge density waves, have been a central issue in high transition-temperature (Tc) superconductors. Unlike other iron-based superconductors, FeSe exhibits nematic ordering without magnetism whose relationship with its superconductivity remains unclear. Moreover, a pressure-induced fourfold increase of Tc has been reported, which poses a profound mystery. Here we report high-pressure magnetotransport measurements in FeSe up to ∼15 GPa, which uncover the dome shape of magnetic phase superseding the nematic order. Above ∼6 GPa the sudden enhancement of superconductivity (Tc≤38.3 K) accompanies a suppression of magnetic order, demonstrating their competing nature with very similar energy scales. Above the magnetic dome, we find anomalous transport properties suggesting a possible pseudogap formation, whereas linear-in-temperature resistivity is observed in the normal states of the high-Tc phase above 6 GPa. The obtained phase diagram highlights unique features of FeSe among iron-based superconductors, but bears some resemblance to that of high-Tc cuprates.
Direct detection of a single photon by humans
Authors: Tinsley Jonathan N. , Molodtsov Maxim I. , Prevedel Robert , Wartmann David , Espigulé-Pons Jofre , Lauwers Mattias , Vaziri Alipasha 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDespite investigations for over 70 years, the absolute limits of human vision have remained unclear. Rod cells respond to individual photons, yet whether a single-photon incident on the eye can be perceived by a human subject has remained a fundamental open question. Here we report that humans can detect a single-photon incident on the cornea with a probability significantly above chance. This was achieved by implementing a combination of a psychophysics procedure with a quantum light source that can generate single-photon states of light. We further discover that the probability of reporting a single photon is modulated by the presence of an earlier photon, suggesting a priming process that temporarily enhances the effective gain of the visual system on the timescale of seconds.
The anti-sigma factor RsrA responds to oxidative stress by reburying its hydrophobic core
Authors: Rajasekar Karthik V. , Zdanowski Konrad , Yan Jun , Hopper Jonathan T. S. , Francis Marie-Louise R. , Seepersad Colin , Sharp Connor , Pecqueur Ludovic , Werner Jörn M. , Robinson Carol V. , Mohammed Shabaz , Potts Jennifer R. , Kleanthous Colin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRedox-regulated effector systems that counteract oxidative stress are essential for all forms of life. Here we uncover a new paradigm for sensing oxidative stress centred on the hydrophobic core of a sensor protein. RsrA is an archetypal zinc-binding anti-sigma factor that responds to disulfide stress in the cytoplasm of Actinobacteria. We show that RsrA utilizes its hydrophobic core to bind the sigma factor σR preventing its association with RNA polymerase, and that zinc plays a central role in maintaining this high-affinity complex. Oxidation of RsrA is limited by the rate of zinc release, which weakens the RsrA–σR complex by accelerating its dissociation. The subsequent trigger disulfide, formed between specific combinations of RsrA’s three zinc-binding cysteines, precipitates structural collapse to a compact state where all σR-binding residues are sequestered back into its hydrophobic core, releasing σR to activate transcription of anti-oxidant genes.
The feeder system of the Toba supervolcano from the slab to the shallow reservoir
Authors: Koulakov Ivan , Kasatkina Ekaterina , Shapiro Nikolai M. , Jaupart Claude , Vasilevsky Alexander , El Khrepy Sami , Al-Arifi Nassir , Smirnov Sergey 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Toba Caldera has been the site of several large explosive eruptions in the recent geological past, including the world’s largest Pleistocene eruption 74,000 years ago. The major cause of this particular behaviour may be the subduction of the fluid-rich Investigator Fracture Zone directly beneath the continental crust of Sumatra and possible tear of the slab. Here we show a new seismic tomography model, which clearly reveals a complex multilevel plumbing system beneath Toba. Large amounts of volatiles originate in the subducting slab at a depth of ∼150 km, migrate upward and cause active melting in the mantle wedge. The volatile-rich basic magmas accumulate at the base of the crust in a ∼50,000 km3 reservoir. The overheated volatiles continue ascending through the crust and cause melting of the upper crust rocks. This leads to the formation of a shallow crustal reservoir that is directly responsible for the supereruptions.
Dynamic anoxic ferruginous conditions during the end-Permian mass extinction and recovery
Authors: Clarkson M. O. , Wood R. A. , Poulton S. W. , Richoz S. , Newton R. J. , Kasemann S. A. , Bowyer F. , Krystyn L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe end-Permian mass extinction, ∼252 million years ago, is notable for a complex recovery period of ∼5 Myr. Widespread euxinic (anoxic and sulfidic) oceanic conditions have been proposed as both extinction mechanism and explanation for the protracted recovery period, yet the vertical distribution of anoxia in the water column and its temporal dynamics through this time period are poorly constrained. Here we utilize Fe–S–C systematics integrated with palaeontological observations to reconstruct a complete ocean redox history for the Late Permian to Early Triassic, using multiple sections across a shelf-to-basin transect on the Arabian Margin (Neo-Tethyan Ocean). In contrast to elsewhere, we show that anoxic non-sulfidic (ferruginous), rather than euxinic, conditions were prevalent in the Neo-Tethys. The Arabian Margin record demonstrates the repeated expansion of ferruginous conditions with the distal slope being the focus of anoxia at these times, as well as short-lived episodes of oxia that supported diverse biota.
Salt marsh vegetation promotes efficient tidal channel networks
Authors: Kearney William S. , Fagherazzi Sergio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTidal channel networks mediate the exchange of water, nutrients and sediment between an estuary and marshes. Biology feeds back into channel morphodynamics through the influence of vegetation on both flow and the cohesive strength of channel banks. Determining how vegetation affects channel networks is essential in understanding the biological functioning of intertidal ecosystems and their ecosystem services. However, the processes that control the formation of an efficient tidal channel network remain unclear. Here we compare the channel networks of vegetated salt marshes in Massachusetts and the Venice Lagoon to unvegetated systems in the arid environments of the Gulf of California and Yemen. We find that the unvegetated systems are dissected by less efficient channel networks than the vegetated salt marshes. These differences in network geometry reflect differences in the branching and meandering of the channels in the network, characteristics that are related to the density of vegetation on the marsh.
Acute Kidney Injury Predicts Mortality after Charcoal Burning Suicide
Authors: Chen Yu-Chin , Tseng Yi-Chia , Huang Wen-Hung , Hsu Ching-Wei , Weng Cheng-Hao , Liu Shou-Hsuan , Yang Huang-Yu , Chen Kuan-Hsin , Chen Hui-Ling , Fu Jen-Fen , Lin Wey-Ran , Wang I-Kuan , Yen Tzung-Hai 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA paucity of literature exists on risk factors for mortality in charcoal burning suicide. In this observational study, we analyzed the data of 126 patients with charcoal burning suicide that seen between 2002 and 2013. Patients were grouped according to status of renal damage as acute kidney injury (N = 49) or non-acute kidney injury (N = 77). It was found that patients with acute kidney injury suffered severer complications such as respiratory failure (P = 0.002), myocardial injury (P = 0.049), hepatic injury (P < 0.001), rhabdomyolysis (P = 0.045) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (P = 0.028) than patients without acute kidney injury. Moreover, patients with acute kidney injury suffered longer hospitalization duration (16.9 ± 18.3 versus 10.7 ± 10.9, P = 0.002) and had higher mortality rate (8.2% versus 0%, P = 0.011) than patients without injury. In a multivariate Cox regression model, it was demonstrated that serum creatinine level (P = 0.019) and heart rate (P = 0.022) were significant risk factors for mortality. Finally, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with acute kidney injury suffered lower cumulative survival than without injury (P = 0.016). In summary, the overall mortality rate of charcoal burning suicide population was 3.2% and acute kidney injury was a powerful predictor of mortality. Further studies are warranted.
Yeast metabolic chassis designs for diverse biotechnological products
Authors: Jouhten Paula , Boruta Tomasz , Andrejev Sergej , Pereira Filipa , Rocha Isabel , Patil Kiran Raosaheb 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe diversity of industrially important molecules for which microbial production routes have been experimentally demonstrated is rapidly increasing. The development of economically viable producer cells is, however, lagging behind, as it requires substantial engineering of the host metabolism. A chassis strain suitable for production of a range of molecules is therefore highly sought after but remains elusive. Here, we propose a genome-scale metabolic modeling approach to design chassis strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae– a widely used microbial cell factory. For a group of 29 products covering a broad range of biochemistry and applications, we identified modular metabolic engineering strategies for re-routing carbon flux towards the desired product. We find distinct product families with shared targets forming the basis for the corresponding chassis cells. The design strategies include overexpression targets that group products by similarity in precursor and cofactor requirements, as well as gene deletion strategies for growth-product coupling that lead to non-intuitive product groups. Our results reveal the extent and the nature of flux re-routing necessary for producing a diverse range of products in a widely used cell factory and provide blueprints for constructing pre-optimized chassis strains.
Dislocations and deformation microstructure in a B2-ordered Al28Co20Cr11Fe15Ni26 high-entropy alloy
Authors: Feuerbacher Michael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHigh-entropy alloys are multicomponent metallic materials currently attracting high research interest. They display a unique combination of chemical disorder and crystalline long-range order and due to their attractive properties are promising candidates for technological application. Many high-entropy alloys possess surprisingly high strength, occasionally in combination with high ductility and low density. The mechanisms effecting these attractive mechanical properties are not understood. This study addresses the deformation mechanism of a Al28Co20Cr11Fe15Ni26 high-entropy alloy, which is a two-phase material, consisting of a B2-ordered matrix and disordered body-centred inclusions. We quantitatively analyse the microstructure and dislocations in deformed samples by transmission-electron-microscopic methods including weak-beam imaging and convergent-beam electron diffraction. We find that the deformation process in the B2 phase is dominated by heterogeneous slip of "Equation missing" screw dislocations gliding on "Equation missing" planes. The dislocations are perfect superdislocations of the B2 lattice and show no dissociation. This indicates that the antiphase-boundary energy in the structure is very high, inhibiting spread of the dislocation core. Along with the observation of a widely extending strain field associated to the dislocations, our results provide a possible explanation for the high strength of this high-entropy alloy as a direct consequence of its dislocation structure.
Age-specific haemosporidian infection dynamics and survival in Seychelles warblers
Authors: Hammers Martijn , Komdeur Jan , Kingma Sjouke A. , Hutchings Kimberly , Fairfield Eleanor A. , Gilroy Danielle L. , Richardson David S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractParasites may severely impact the fitness and life-history of their hosts. After infection, surviving individuals may suppress the growth of the parasite, or completely clear the infection and develop immunity. Consequently, parasite prevalence is predicted to decline with age. Among elderly individuals, immunosenescence may lead to a late-life increase in infection prevalence. We used a 21-year longitudinal dataset from one population of individually-marked Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis) to investigate age-dependent prevalence of the GRW1 strain of the intracellular protozoan blood parasite Haemoproteus nucleocondensus and whether infections with this parasite affect age-dependent survival. We analyzed 2454 samples from 1431 individuals and found that H. nucleocondensus infections could rarely be detected in nestlings. Prevalence increased strongly among fledglings and peaked among older first year birds. Prevalence was high among younger adults and declined steeply until ca 4 years of age, after which it was stable. Contrary to expectations, H. nucleocondensus prevalence did not increase among elderly individuals and we found no evidence that annual survival was lower in individuals suffering from an infection. Our results suggest that individuals clear or suppress infections and acquire immunity against future infections, and provide no evidence for immunosenescence nor an impact of chronic infections on survival.
Cardiac glycosides display selective efficacy for STK11 mutant lung cancer
Authors: Kim Nayoung , Yim Hwa Young , He Ningning , Lee Cheol-Jung , Kim Ju Hyun , Choi Jin-Sung , Lee Hye Suk , Kim Somin , Jeong Euna , Song Mee , Jeon Sang-Min , Kim Woo-Young , Mills Gordon B. , Cho Yong-Yeon , Yoon Sukjoon 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlthough STK11 (LKB1) mutation is a major mediator of lung cancer progression, targeted therapy has not been implemented due to STK11 mutations being loss-of-function. Here, we report that targeting the Na+/K+-ATPase (ATP1A1) is synthetic lethal with STK11 mutations in lung cancer. The cardiac glycosides (CGs) digoxin, digitoxin and ouabain, which directly inhibit ATP1A1 function, exhibited selective anticancer effects on STK11 mutant lung cancer cell lines. Restoring STK11 function reduced the efficacy of CGs. Clinically relevant doses of digoxin decreased the growth of STK11 mutant xenografts compared to wild type STK11 xenografts. Increased cellular stress was associated with the STK11-specific efficacy of CGs. Inhibiting ROS production attenuated the efficacy of CGs, and STK11-AMPK signaling was important in overcoming the stress induced by CGs. Taken together, these results show that STK11 mutation is a novel biomarker for responsiveness to CGs. Inhibition of ATP1A1 using CGs warrants exploration as a targeted therapy for STK11 mutant lung cancer.
Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis in Chinese Children aged 1–7 ys
Authors: Guo Yifeng , Li Ping , Tang Jianping , Han Xiuping , Zou Xiaoyan , Xu Gang , Xu Zigang , Wei Fenglei , Liu Qiang , Wang Min , Xiao Fengli , Zong Wenkai , Shen Chunping , Li Jianhong , Liu Jianzhong , Luo Yongqi , Chang Jing , Sheng Nan , Dong Chun , Zhang Duo , Dai Xing , Zhou Jinjie , Meng Chi , Niu Hongxi , Shi Xuemei , Zhang Xinglian , Xiang Juan , Xu Haitao , Ran Qin , Zhou Yi , Li Ming , Zhang Hui , Cheng Ruhong , Gao Xinghua , Wang Hua , Gu Heng , Ma Lin , Yao Zhirong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPrevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) is increasing worldwide. Up to date, there has been no face-to-face nation-wide study in China. We aim to explore the prevalence of clinical diagnosed AD in children aged 1–7 ys in China. Twelve metropolises were chosen from different areas of China. In each region, we selected 4–10 kindergartens and 2–5 vaccination clinics randomly. A complete history-taking and skin examination were performed by dermatologists. The definite diagnosis of AD and the severity were determined by two or three dermatologists. All criteria concerned in UK diagnosis criteria, characteristic presentation of AD and atypical manifestations were recorded in detail. A total of 13998 children from 84 kindergartens and 40 vaccination clinics were included. The prevalence of AD was 12.94% by clinical diagnosis of dermatologists overall, with 74.6% of mild AD. Comparatively, prevalence of AD based on UK diagnostic criteria was 4.76%. This is the first face-to-face nation-wide study in Chinese children aged 1–7 ys, revealing that the prevalence of AD in children is closer to that of wealthier nations.