bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variation Amongst and Within The Native Provenances of Pinus radiata D. Don in South-eastern Australia. 2.Wood Density and Stiffness to Age 26 Years
Authors: Raymond Carolyn A. , Henson M. , Joe B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTwo progeny trials of native provenances of Pinus radiata, representing the 1978 seed collection, were assessed for wood density and standing tree acoustic velocity. One trial, planted in 1980 in southern New South Wales, Australia contains all five provenances. The second trial, planted in the same region in 1982 contains only the island provenances. Results for extracted wood density, assessed from pith to bark in 5 ring segments, and standing tree acoustic velocity, measured at age 24 or 26 years, are reported. Large differences between the mainland and island provenance were apparent for wood density and stiffness. The mainland provenances were very similar for density and followed the “normal” pattern of change with a gradual increase from the pith, followed by a plateauing around age 20. Neither of the island provenances followed this pattern of change in density: Cedros had stable density across the 4 inner most segments and Guadalupe had stable density for the inner two segments followed by a linear increase. Juvenile density was higher in both the island provenances than the mainland provenances. The island provenances differed from each other for standing tree acoustic velocity, with velocity being higher in Guadalupe provenance. Heritabilities for wood density and acoustic velocity (average 0.37) were higher than those for tree growth and form. Across the stem radius, heritability of density was variable with some segments having zero heritabilities in some provenances, particularly Cambria, Cedros and Guadalupe. Heritability for acoustic velocity was highest for Cambria and the island provenances. Within the mainland provenances, little difference was found between populations for either wood density or acoustic velocity. Density and standing tree acoustic velocity were negatively genetically correlated with tree diameter. Differences in provenance means were greater for acoustic velocity than for density in the outermost segment. Provenance rankings also differed, with the rankings for acoustic velocity being similar to those for density in the 2nd segment from the bark. The genetic correlations between density and velocity reached a maximum for 3rd segment. These results indicate that outerwood density is not the sole driver of acoustic velocity, and that the sound wave is perhaps not travelling through the outer most wood, but is penetrating some distance into the tree.
Comparative Performance of Corymbia Hybrids and Parental Species in Subtropical Queensland and Implications for Breeding and Deployment
Authors: Lee David J. , Huth J. R. , Brawner J. T. , Dickinson G. R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEighty six full-sib Corymbia F1 hybrid families (crosses between C. torelliana and four spotted gum taxa: C. citriodora subsp. variegata, C. citriodora subsp. citriodora, C. henryi and C. maculata), were planted in six trials across six disparate sites in south-eastern Queensland to evaluate their productivity and determine their potential utility for plantation forestry. In each trial, the best-growing 20% of hybrid families grew significantly faster (P = 0.05) than open-pollinated seedlots of the parent species Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata, ranging from 107% to 181% and 127% to 287% of the height and diameter respectively. Relative performance of hybrid families growing on more than one site displayed consistency in ranking for growth across sites and analysis showed low genotype-by-environment interaction. Heritability estimates based on female and male parents across two sites at age six years for height and diameter at breast height, were high (0.62 ± 0.28 to 0.64 ± 0.35 and 0.31 ± 0.21 to 0.69 ± 0.37 respectively), and low to moderate (0.03 ± 0.04 to 0.33 ± 0.22) for stem straightness, branch size, incidence of ramicorns, and frost and disease resistance traits at ages one to three years. The proportion of dominance variance for height and diameter had reduced to zero by age six years. Based on these promising results, further breeding and pilot-scale family forestry and clonal forestry deployment is being undertaken. These results have also provided insights regarding the choice of a future hybrid breeding strategy.
Population Genetic Structure of Laurus nobilis L. Inferred From Transferred Nuclear Microsatellites
Authors: Marzouki H. , Nasri N. , Jouaud B. , Bonnet C. , Khaldi A. , Bouzid S. , Fady B. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Species with fragmented populations and low population size often display low within-population genetic diversity and strong among-population differentiation. Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), common laurel, has a scattered distribution throughout the Mediterranean, with only few autochthonous populations. Our goal was to elucidate if this species has range-wide genetic structure and if planted material can be traced back to its origin. Genetic diversity was investigated using 4 polymorphic nuclear microsatellites (nSSR) transferred from two species of Lauraceae. Sixty-six laurel trees were selected from 7 widely separated populations within the Mediterranean distribution area of the species. A total of 34 alleles (9 alleles per locus on average) were found. Mean genetic diversity within-population (Hs), was 0.558. Genetic differentiation among populations (GST = 0.243) was high compared to that of other angiosperms. Laurus nobilis can be separated into two main gene pools, one from western (Tunisia, Algeria and France) and the other from eastern Mediterranean (Turkey). The Algerian, Tunisian and French populations presented a strong genetic similarity, compatible with the fact that North African laurel populations could be recently introduced from north-western Mediterranean stock.
DNA Methylation in Acacia mangium In vitro and Ex-vitro Buds, in relation to their Within-shoot Position, Age and Leaf Morphology of the Shoots
Authors: Monteuuis O. , Baurens F. C. , Goh D. K. S. , Quimado M. , Doulbeau S. , Verdeil J. L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
DNA methylation was analyzed in Acacia mangium Willd. buds collected from in vitro and field growing shoots from the same clone and its juvenile offspring. Shoot tips from in vitro microshoots showed higher levels of DNA methylation for juvenile (23.4%) than for mature (21.8%) plant material, irrespective of their morphology. Likewise, under the same in vitro conditions, the apical buds collected from microshoots exhibiting the juvenile morphology displayed higher DNA methylation rates (23.2%) than those characterized by the mature phyllode morphological type (22.1%), regardless of the age of the plant material source. In outdoor conditions, apical buds collected from mature tree growing shoots were significantly less methylated (20.9%) than the resting axillary buds located just underneath (25.2%) and than the apical buds from the in vitro microshoots of the same clone and mature-like phyllode morphology (22.6%). Overall, the DNA methylation levels found for our Acacia mangium plant materials were consistent with those reported for other Angiosperms, but showed, similarly to other recent findings in different species, that DNA methylation in plants does not always increase with ageing. This was discussed in relation to other phase-related traits and more particularly foliage characteristics, which are conspicuous markers of ageing in this heteroblastic species.
Energy Drink Doses of Caffeine and Taurine Have a Null or Negative Effect on Sprint Performance
Authors: Jeffries Owen , Hill Jessica , Patterson Stephen D. , Waldron Mark 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Jeffries, O, Hill, J, Patterson, SD, and Waldron, M. Energy drink doses of caffeine and taurine have a null or negative effect on sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3475–3481, 2020—This study investigated the effects of caffeine and taurine coingestion on repeat-sprint cycling performance and associated physiological and perceptual responses. In a double-blind, cross-over, repeated measures study, 11 male subjects (age 21 ± 2 years; stature 178 ± 7 cm; body mass 80 ± 13 kg) completed 10 × 6-second sprints on a cycle ergometer, each separated by 24 seconds, one hour after ingesting: caffeine (80 mg) and taurine (1 g), equivalent to the amount observed in popular commercial energy drinks, or placebo (maltodextrin ∼1 g) in a gelatine capsule. Performance was measured on a cycle ergometer, whereas blood lactate concentration (B[la]), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and heart rate (HR) were measured at baseline (pre-exercise) and after sprints 5 and 10. Magnitude-based inferences revealed likely, trivial differences in peak power and unclear, trivial intersprint fatigue index after ingestion of the caffeine and taurine supplement. Intrasprint fatigue was greater in the caffeine and taurine condition at sprint 10 (likely, small) and possibly smaller in sprints 6–9. The caffeine and taurine supplement had a likely large effect on HR at baseline (effect size = 0.94) and increases in B[la] after sprints 5 (likely small) and 10 (possibly small). There was no effect of the supplement on RPE (unclear, trivial). Administration of caffeine and taurine at doses equivalent to commercial energy drinks did not improve repeat-sprint cycling performance and seemed to induce greater fatigue within selected sprints, particularly at the end of the trial. This undesirable performance effect occurs in parallel with increased HR and glycolytic metabolic bi-products.
Physical Characteristics of Youth Elite Golfers and Their Relationship With Driver Clubhead Speed
Authors: Coughlan Daniel , Taylor Matthew J.D. , Jackson Joanna , Ward Nicholas , Beardsley Chris 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Coughlan, D, Taylor, M, Jackson, J, Ward, N, and Beardsley, C. Physical characteristics of youth elite golfers and their relationship with driver clubhead speed. J Strength Cond Res 34(1): 212–217, 2020—Increased clubhead speed (CHS) has a strong relationship with golf performance and is related to athletic qualities in adult golfers. Research investigating the youth golfer is limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between strength and power on CHS in youth golfers. A correlational design was used to assess relationships between CHS and anthropometric, strength, and power measurements. Thirty-six male and 33 female golfers aged 13–17 took part in this study. Male golfers showed significant relationships between CHS and handicap (HCP) (r = −0.50), seated medicine ball throw to the left (SMBTL) (r = 0.67), and right (SMBTR) (r = 0.61), rotational medicine ball throw to the left (RMBTL) (r = 0.71), and right RMBTR (r = 0.62). Female golfers showed significant relationships between CHS and HCP (r = −0.52), mass (r = 0.72), countermovement jump power (r = 0.60), RMBTL (r = 0.57), RMBTR (r = 0.56). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis identified 77% of the variance in CHS could be explained through SMBTL and RMBTL in males. In females, 84% of the variance in CHS could be explained through mass, RMBTR, and height. This study demonstrated relationships between CHS and body mass and upper-, lower-, and full-body concentric dominant power exercises. This study could aid in the development of training interventions for youth golfers.
Heroin Contaminated with Fentanyl Dramatically Enhances Brain Hypoxia and Induces Brain Hypothermia
Authors: Solis Ernesto , Cameron-Burr Keaton T. , Kiyatkin Eugene A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhile opioid abuse is an established medical and public health issue, the increased availability of highly potent synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, has given rise to acute health complications, including a comatose state and death during drug overdose. Since respiratory depression that leads to acute hypoxia is the most dangerous complication of opioid drug use, we examined the effects of intravenous heroin and heroin contaminated with 10% fentanyl on oxygen levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) monitored using high-speed amperometry in freely moving rats. Additionally, we examined the effects of heroin, fentanyl, and their mixture on locomotion and temperatures in the NAc, temporal muscle, and skin. Both fentanyl and heroin at human-relevant doses (400 and 40 μg/kg, respectively) induced rapid, strong and transient decreases in NAc oxygen, indicative of brain hypoxia. When the heroin-fentanyl mixture was injected, the NAc hypoxic response was greatly potentiated in its duration, suggesting sustained hypoxia. In contrast to modest, monophasic brain temperature increases caused by heroin alone, the heroin-fentanyl mixture induced a biphasic temperature response, with a prominent postinjection decrease resulting from peripheral vasodilation. This hypothermic effect, albeit much smaller and more transient, was typical of fentanyl injected alone. Our findings indicate that accidental use of fentanyl instead of heroin, or even a relatively minor contamination of “street heroin” with fentanyl, poses great danger for acute health complications, including a comatose state and death.
Stimulation of the Locus Ceruleus Modulates Signal-to-Noise Ratio in the Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Manella Laura C. , Petersen Nicholas , Linster Christiane 
Published: October 2017

Norepinephrine (NE) has been shown to influence sensory, and specifically olfactory processing at the behavioral and physiological levels, potentially by regulating signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). The present study is the first to look at NE modulation of olfactory bulb (OB) in regards to S/Nin vivo. We show, in male rats, that locus ceruleus stimulation and pharmacological infusions of NE into the OB modulate both spontaneous and odor-evoked neural responses. NE in the OB generated a non-monotonic dose–response relationship, suppressing mitral cell activity at high and low, but not intermediate, NE levels. We propose that NE enhances odor responses not through direct potentiation of the afferent signal per se, but rather by reducing the intrinsic noise of the system. This has important implications for the ways in which an animal interacts with its olfactory environment, particularly as the animal shifts from a relaxed to an alert behavioral state.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSensory perception can be modulated by behavioral states such as hunger, fear, stress, or a change in environmental context. Behavioral state often affects neural processing via the release of circulating neurochemicals such as hormones or neuromodulators. We here show that the neuromodulator norepinephrine modulates olfactory bulb spontaneous activity and odor responses so as to generate an increased signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the olfactory bulb. Our results help interpret and improve existing ideas for neural network mechanisms underlying behaviorally observed improvements in near-threshold odor detection and discrimination.
Neuromedin B Expression Defines the Mouse Retrotrapezoid Nucleus
Authors: Shi Yingtang , Stornetta Ruth L. , Stornetta Daniel S. , Onengut-Gumuscu Suna , Farber Emily A. , Turner Stephen D. , Guyenet Patrice G. , Bayliss Douglas A. 
Published: October 2017

The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) consists, by definition, of Phox2b-expressing, glutamatergic, non-catecholaminergic, noncholinergic neurons located in the parafacial region of the medulla oblongata. An unknown proportion of RTN neurons are central respiratory chemoreceptors and there is mounting evidence for biochemical diversity among these cells. Here, we used multiplexedin situhybridization and single-cell RNA-Seq in male and female mice to provide a more comprehensive view of the phenotypic diversity of RTN neurons. We now demonstrate that the RTN of mice can be identified with a single and specific marker,Neuromedin BmRNA (Nmb). Most (∼75%) RTN neurons express low-to-moderate levels ofNmband display chemoreceptor properties. Namely they are activated by hypercapnia, but not by hypoxia, and express proton sensors, TASK-2 and Gpr4. TheseNmb-low RTN neurons also express varying levels of transcripts forGal,Penk, andAdcyap1, and receptors for substance P, orexin, serotonin, and ATP. A subset of RTN neurons (∼20–25%), typically larger than average, express very high levels ofNmbmRNA. TheseNmb-high RTN neurons do not expressFosafter hypercapnia and have low-to-undetectable levels ofKcnk5orGpr4transcripts; they also expressAdcyap1, but are essentially devoid ofPenkandGaltranscripts. In male rats,Nmbis also a marker of the RTN but, unlike in mice, this gene is expressed by other types of nearby neurons located within the ventromedial medulla. In sum,Nmbis a selective marker of the RTN in rodents;Nmb-low neurons, the vast majority, are central respiratory chemoreceptors, whereasNmb-high neurons likely have other functions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCentral respiratory chemoreceptors regulate arterial PCO2by adjusting lung ventilation. Such cells have recently been identified within the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a brainstem nucleus defined by genetic lineage and a cumbersome combination of markers. Using single-cell RNA-Seq and multiplexedin situhybridization, we show here that a single marker,Neuromedin BmRNA (Nmb), identifies RTN neurons in rodents. We also suggest that >75% of theseNmbneurons are chemoreceptors because they are strongly activated by hypercapnia and express high levels of proton sensors (Kcnk5andGpr4). The other RTN neurons express very high levels ofNmb, but low levels ofKcnk5/Gpr4/pre-pro-galanin/pre-pro-enkephalin, and do not respond to hypercapnia. Their function is unknown.
Caracterización de la implementación de herramientas de Lean Manufacturing: Estudio de caso en algunas empresas colombianas
Authors: Marulanda Grisales Natalia , González Gaitán Henry Helí , León Gonzalo Emilio 
Published: October 2017

Aunque la aplicación de herramientas de lean manufacturing tiene un crecimiento sostenido a nivel mundial, en Colombia su uso aun es reducido. Por ende, el propósito del presente artículo es realizar un estudio de caso en cinco compañías ubicadas en Colombia que han implementado la filosofía lean a nivel productivo y administrativo. Para tal fin, se empleó una metodología de carácter cualitativo y cuantitativo, basada en entrevista e interlocución con los líderes de procesos. Entre los principales hallazgos, se encontró que las herramientas más empleadas son las 5s con el 100% y TPM con el 80%. La de menor uso es producción sincrónica con un 20%. Aunque las cinco compañías han realizado capacitaciones en esta filosofía, solo el 40% del personal consultado conoce la definición de lean. No obstante, el 80% de las organizaciones participantes manifestaron tener programas de mejora que facilitan la motivación y empoderamiento del personal.
Ciberdemocracia: Comunicación política en Twitter
Authors: Gómez Céspedes Liliana María 
Published: October 2017

Este trabajo se realiza dentro del proyecto #Ciberdemocracia patrocinado por la Universidad Sergio Arboleda (Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicación), con el fin de conocer ¿qué transformaciones se dan en la comunicación política de una comunidad de práctica por medio de la participación en ecosistemas digitales? Para ello, se planteó una metodología mixta de enfoque cualitativo con carácter aplicado y alcance descriptivo-interpretativo, usando como método de investigación el paradigma hermenéutico interpretativo con medios digitales y la ciberetnografía. La población de estudio fue la de visitantes y residentes digitales interesados o no en la política y en cualquier nivel de conocimiento sobre el tema. Como principales hipótesis se plantearon: que twitter no ha cambiado la forma en la que los políticos se comunican con los ciudadanos y que debido al poco conocimiento de temas políticos de estos últimos ellos no logran ser escuchados por los primeros. La hipótesis de trabajo fue comprobada a lo largo del estudio.
Evolución de la gestión de la comunicación, empresas de energía eléctrica (Colombia)
Authors: Tristancho Cediel Graciela 
Published: October 2017

En la última década la gestión de la Comunicación ha evolucionando favorablemente en el interior de las empresas colombianas del sector de la energía. Han pasado de ser solo oficinas de información, las cuales atendían a los medios de comunicación con notas de prensas, y/o a consumidores, proveedores, clientes, usuarios y demás público externo e interno. El presente trabajo pretende conocer las estrategias que han permitido la evolución de la relación con estos públicos, los cuales exigen cada dia mayor atención y participación, y quienes requieren ser integrados en procesos de comunicación, con estrategias, diálogo, e investigación, para tipificarles, conocerles, y construir con ellos procesos de comunicación. La presente es una investigación descriptiva de la evolución de la comunicación en tres empresas colombianas del sector de la energía en los última años; contiene un diagnóstico de la comunicación existente, y de las estrategias de comunicación utilizadas, las cuales han cobrado realce en la productividad y en los resultados de las compañías en mención, y en donde la comunicación se ha fortalecido, ampliado y consolidado. Como técnicas de recolección de datos, ralizadas entre el 2009 y 2010, se complementó la información obtenida a través de la técnica de la observación directa, mediante la realización de una encuesta electrónica de opinión y entrevistas dirigidas a directores del área de comunicación, quienes en su momento solicitaron no mencionar sus nombres.
Chaotic and regular motion around objects with quadrupolar and octupolar deformation
Authors: López-Suspes Framsol , Reina Jerson I. , González Guillermo A. 
Published: October 2017

Movimiento regular y caótico de partículas de prueba en campos gravitacionales axialmente simétricos debido a cuerpos con deformación cuadru polar y octupolares estudiado usando superficies de sección de Poincaré. Encontramos que la inclusi´on del término octupolar induce una distorsión en las curvas KAM correspondiente a trayectorias regulares, así como un aumento en la caoticidad. El hecho de que la activación del momento octupolar incremente la caoticidad y lleve a la aparición de regiones inestables, puede ser visto aún en el caso correspondiente a de formación oblata, la cual comúnnmente presenta movimiento regular. Así, los resultados aquí obtenidos son la generalización, para el caso de gravedad Newtoniana, de los obtenidos previamente por Heiss, W.D., Nazmitdinov, R.G. & Radu, S. (1994) y Li,J. (1998) paraosciladores armónicos.