bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disruption of HSD17B12 in mouse hepatocytes leads to reduced body weight and defect in the lipid droplet expansion associated with microvesicular steatosis
Authors: Heikelä Hanna , Mairinoja Laura , Ruohonen Suvi T. , Rytkönen Kalle T. , de Brot Simone , Laiho Asta , Koskinen Satu , Suomi Tomi , Elo Laura L. , Strauss Leena , Poutanen Matti 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe function of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 12 (HSD17B12) in lipid metabolism is poorly understood. To study this further, we created mice with hepatocyte‐specific knockout of HSD17B12 (LiB12cKO). From 2 months on, these mice showed significant fat accumulation in their liver. As they aged, they also had a reduced whole‐body fat percentage. Interestingly, the liver fat accumulation did not result in the typical formation of large lipid droplets (LD); instead, small droplets were more prevalent. Thus, LiB12KO liver did not show increased macrovesicular steatosis with the increasing fat content, while microvesicular steatosis was the predominant feature in the liver. This indicates a failure in the LD expansion. This was associated with liver damage, presumably due to lipotoxicity. Notably, the lipidomics data did not support an essential role of HSD17B12 in fatty acid (FA) elongation. However, we did observe a decrease in the quantity of specific lipid species that contain FAs with carbon chain lengths of 18 and 20 atoms, including oleic acid. Of these, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine have been shown to play a key role in LD formation, and a limited amount of these lipids could be part of the mechanism leading to the dysfunction in LD expansion. The increase in the Cidec expression further supported the deficiency in LD expansion in the LiB12cKO liver. This protein is crucial for the fusion and growth of LDs, along with the downregulation of several members of the major urinary protein family of proteins, which have recently been shown to be altered during endoplasmic reticulum stress.
MicroRNAs in metabolic dysfunction‐associated diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Ma Ningning , Tan Jiaxin , Chen Yingfen , Yang Liu , Li Man , He Yong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction‐associated diseases often refer to various diseases caused by metabolic problems such as glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. With the improvement of living standards, the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases has become a severe public health problem, including metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD), diabetes and obesity. These diseases are both independent and interdependent, with complex and diverse molecular mechanisms. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the molecular mechanisms and find effective therapeutic targets of these diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of metabolic homoeostasis due to their multitargets and network regulatory properties within the past few decades. In this review, we discussed the latest progress in the roles of miRNA‐mediated regulatory networks in the development and progression of MASLD, ALD, diabetes and obesity.
What Are We Made For? Mobilizing Medical Education Research for Impact
Authors: Sukhera Javeed , Fung Cha-Chi , Teherani Arianne , Wyatt Tasha R. , Schumacher Daniel J. , Leep Hunderfund Andrea N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
During the past several decades, medical education research has advanced in many ways. However, the field has struggled somewhat with translating knowledge into practice. The field has tremendous potential to generate insights that may improve educational outcomes, enhance teaching experiences, reduce costs, promote equity, and inform policy. However, the gap between research and practice requires attention and reflection. In this commentary, the authors reflect on ways that medical education researchers can balance relevance and rigor, while discussing a potential path forward. First, medical education research can learn from implementation science, which focuses on adopting and sustaining best practices in real-world settings. Second, gaining a deeper understanding of the complex and dynamic ways that medical education contexts may influence the uptake of research findings into practice would facilitate the translation and mobilization of knowledge into practical settings. Third, moving from unilateral knowledge translation to participatory knowledge mobilization and engaging diverse stakeholders as active participants in the research process can also enhance impact and influence research findings. Overall, for medical education research to effect meaningful change, it must transition from producing generalizable findings to generating context-specific insights and embracing participatory knowledge mobilization. This shift will involve rethinking traditional research approaches and fostering collaboration with knowledge users to cocreate and implement innovative solutions tailored to their unique settings.
More than pacemakers and defibrillators: perioperative management of implantable devices for patient safety
Authors: Harbell Monica W. , Kraus Molly B. , Lopez-Ruiz Andrea , Gerasimov Madina , Maloney Jillian A. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
The use of implantable medical devices (IMDs) continues to increase with estimates that 10% of the American population will have an IMD in their lifetime. IMDs require special considerations for management in the perioperative period to ensure optimal patient care and patient safety. This review summarizes the current perioperative considerations for IMDs.

Recent findings
This review summarizes perioperative recommendations for spinal cord stimulators, deep brain stimulators, peripheral nerve stimulators, vagus nerve stimulators, muscle stimulators, intrathecal drug delivery systems, implantable infusion pumps, artificial pancreas devices, continuous glucose monitors, and cochlear implants. There are multiple publications and guidelines regarding the perioperative considerations of cardiac implantable electronic devices; thus, this review excludes those devices. This review includes recommendations on management of the device perioperatively, the potential complications, and postoperative care of the device.

Summary
There are very few guidelines regarding the perioperative management of IMDs. Given the significant impact that these devices have on patient care and safety, evidence-based guidelines should be established.
Educating for success: ambulatory anesthesia training
Authors: Cormier Nicholas R. , Hyman Jaime B. , O’Rourke Michael 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
This article explores the unique intersection of the challenges confronting ambulatory anesthesiology education and charts a trajectory forward. The proportion of ambulatory, nonoperating room (NORA), and office-based surgical cases continues to rise; however, the requirements for trainees in these settings have remained static. The rapid evolution of the field combined with a limited workforce also makes continuing education essential, and we discuss the current and future states of ambulatory anesthesia education.

Recent findings
Although numerous resources are available across an array of platforms to foster both trainee education and continuing education for practicing anesthesiologists, there is a paucity of current literature evaluating the impact of new curricula developed specifically for ambulatory, NORA, or office-based anesthesiology (OBA).

Summary
We begin with an appraisal of the current state of ambulatory anesthesiology training and evaluate the gap between current graduate medical education and trends in ambulatory surgery. We then develop a vision for an ideal state of future ambulatory education for residents as well as anesthesiologists in practice and highlight the priorities necessary to reach this vision.
The electronic health record: does it enhance or distract from patient safety?
Authors: Tewfik George , Rivoli Steven , Methangkool Emily 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
The electronic health record (EHR) is an invaluable tool that may be used to improve patient safety. With a variety of different features, such as clinical decision support and computerized physician order entry, it has enabled improvement of patient care throughout medicine. EHR allows for built-in reminders for such items as antibiotic dosing and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.

Recent findings
In anesthesiology, EHR often improves patient safety by eliminating the need for reliance on manual documentation, by facilitating information transfer and incorporating predictive models for such items as postoperative nausea and vomiting. The use of EHR has been shown to improve patient safety in specific metrics such as using checklists or information transfer amongst clinicians; however, limited data supports that it reduces morbidity and mortality.

Summary
There are numerous potential pitfalls associated with EHR use to improve patient safety, as well as great potential for future improvement.
Indications and Long-Term Outcomes of Intercalary Reconstruction Techniques for Diaphyseal Bone Tumors
Authors: Barber Helena F. , Kahan Lindsey G. , McDonald Douglas , English D. Ian 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
Intercalary reconstruction after resection of diaphyseal bone tumors allows for adjacent-joint preservation; however, despite implant advancements they continue to experience high failure rates. Free fibular autograft (FFA), allograft interposition, and metallic endoprostheses are used, but there is no consensus on optimal construct.

Methods:
We conducted an IRB-approved retrospective review of patients who underwent intercalary reconstruction for oncologic indications at a single institution (1999 to 2022). Inclusion criteria included intercalary reconstruction with FFA, allograft, or endoprosthesis for oncologic indications and with minimum follow-up of 3 months. Primary outcome was implant survival. Secondary outcomes included complication type, rate, and timing, resection length, distance from articular surface, and failure modes.

Results:
Thirty-five patients met inclusion criteria, 23 men and 12 women. Reconstructive options included: FFA (N=8), endoprosthesis (N=16), and allograft (N=11). Average follow-up was 3.9 years. Average patient age was 41.8 years; FFA patients were younger than endoprosthesis patients (P=0.0002). FFAs were closer to the articular surface than endoprostheses (P=0.0003). Overall implant survival was 36.6% at 21 years; median survival was 2.04 years. Overall complication rate was 65.7%, with no difference between groups. Ten patients (28.5%) ultimately ended with a joint-sacrificing operation.

Conclusions:
This study supports the existing literature’s reported high rate of complication and implant failure of intercalary reconstructions. Salvage options are available, including those for secondary joint-sparing operations; however, they often result in a joint-sacrificing endoprosthesis limiting function and longevity. With patients having improved life expectancy for both metastatic and primary bone tumors, implant optimization is critical.
Growth of a Movement Through Spiritual Leadership
Authors: Solari-Twadell P. Ann , McDermott Mary Ann , Schweitzer Roberta , Tippe Carol 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT:
Faith community nursing often is anchored in a community through local networks that support the development of both the ministry and the faith community nurse. Such local networks are established and sustained through the leadership of faith community nurses (FCNs). A research study interviewed nurses recognized as foundational to the development of FCNs in the United States from 1984 to 2000. The Waterwheel Model of Spiritual Leadership was used as a construct for interviewing 24 FCN leaders discovered through Delphi methodology. An adaptation of Colazzi's method of qualitative analysis was used to analyze data collected in videotaped format. Three predominant themes emerged that may be instrumental to developing future FCN leaders and growth of this specialty nursing practice.
Teaching Application of 3D-printed Models for Nasal Analysis
Authors: Wamkpah Nneoma S. , Cristel Robert T. , O’Connor Zachary , Hanick Andrea , Nguyen Dennis , Chi John J. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
A major challenge in learning rhinoplasty is correlating patients’ external and internal nasal structures. We aim to explore the application of three dimensional (3D)-printed models of nasal bony-cartilaginous structures in identifying accurate nasal anatomy.

Methods:
Otolaryngology—head and neck surgery and plastic and reconstructive surgery residents matched patient photograph models, described relative nasal bony-cartilaginous anatomy, completed pre- and postactivity self-evaluations (based on otolaryngology “nasal deformity” milestones including “anatomy,” “function,” “aesthetic,” and “etiology”), and rated the 3D-printed models’ usefulness. Descriptive statistics were measured.

Results:
Thirty-seven residents correctly matched four of six model-photograph pairs and correctly described 15 of 30 anatomic relationships, on average. There was a moderate, statistically significant correlation between postgraduate year and number of correctly matched model-photograph pairs (Spearman rho = 0.58, 95% CI 0.24–0.79) and total items correct (Spearman rho = 0.61, 95% CI 0.28–0.81). Self-ratings on milestones decreased postexercise in all subcategories except “function.” From 0 (low) to 100 (high), learners found the exercise useful (median 85 of 100) with a high recommendation for future use (median 87 of 100).

Conclusions:
Three-dimensional printed models are a valuable tool for understanding nasal anatomy. Continued standardization of designs and assessments of their educational utility will enhance their broader dissemination and implementation.
HKDC1 promotes liver cancer stemness under hypoxia through stabilizing β-catenin
Authors: Fan Li , Tian Cheng , Yang Wentao , Liu Xiaoli , Dhungana Yogesh , Yang Wenjian , Tan Haiyan , Glazer Evan S. , Yu Jiyang , Peng Junmin , Ma Lichun , Ni Min , Zhu Liqin 
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:
Hexokinases (HKs), a group of enzymes catalyzing the first step of glycolysis, have been shown to play important roles in liver metabolism and tumorigenesis. Our recent studies identified hexokinase domain containing 1 (HKDC1) as a top candidate associated with liver cancer metastasis. We aimed to compare its cell-type specificity with other HKs upregulated in liver cancer and investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying its involvement in liver cancer metastasis.

Approach and Results:
We found that, compared to HK1 and HK2, the other 2 commonly upregulated HKs in liver cancer, HKDC1 was most strongly associated with the metastasis potential of tumors and organoids derived from 2 liver cancer mouse models we previously established. RNA in situ hybridization and single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed that HKDC1 was specifically upregulated in malignant cells in HCC and cholangiocarcinoma patient tumors, whereas HK1 and HK2 were widespread across various tumor microenvironment lineages. An unbiased metabolomic profiling demonstrated that HKDC1 overexpression in HCC cells led to metabolic alterations distinct from those from HK1 and HK2 overexpression, with HKDC1 particularly impacting the tricarboxylic acid cycle. HKDC1 was prometastatic in HCC orthotopic and tail vein injection mouse models. Molecularly, HKDC1 was induced by hypoxia and bound to glycogen synthase kinase 3β to stabilize β-catenin, leading to enhanced stemness of HCC cells.

Conclusions:
Overall, our findings underscore HKDC1 as a prometastatic HK specifically expressed in the malignant compartment of primary liver tumors, thereby providing a mechanistic basis for targeting this enzyme in advanced liver cancer.
Thyroid function and preeclampsia: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Chu , Sheng Jingjing , Zhang Yawei , Lyu Qiaofei , Yang Liwei , Zhong Zixing 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Thyroid dysfunction has been associated with preeclampsia (PE) during pregnancy, but the observational results are conflicting. Our study aims to investigate the causal association and direction between genetically predicted effects of thyroid function on PE and vice versa via two large summary genetic data.

Methods:
We conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data from two primarily European cohorts: the ThyroidOmics Consortium and the FinnGen Biobank. We applied the random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) as our main analysis. MR-Egger and weighted median were used for sensitivity analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the R program (version 4.3.0) with the two-sample package (version 0.5.6).

Results:
The results suggest that genetically predicted hyperthyroidism is causally associated with PE during pregnancy [β = 0.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.12; P = 0.02], and genetically predicted hypothyroidism is also causally associated with PE during pregnancy (β = 0.11, 95% CI: 1.03–1.21; P = 0.01). These effects were further confirmed with sensitivity analysis. Conversely, preeclampsia is not associated with the risk of thyroid dysfunction in the reverse MR results: thyroid-stimulating hormone (β = 0.00, P = 0.92), free thyroxine (FT4) (β = −0.01, P = 0.56), triiodothyronine (FT3) (β = −0.00, P = 0.72), FT3/FT4 (β = −0.01, P = 0.38), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (β = −0.01, P = 0.64), hyperthyroidism (β = −0.11, P = 0.29) and hypothyroidism (β = 0.04, P = 0.12).

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that hyper-/hypo-thyroidism causally affected preeclampsia, while PE is not causally associated with thyroid dysfunctions.
Quantification of physiological effect of respiration on automated measurement of blood pressure among normotensive adult individuals
Authors: Mondal Soumyajit , Mukherjee Kalarab , Ghosh Ankita , Ahmed Farhad , Ghosh Tandra 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Accurate blood pressure measurement necessitates meticulous methodology, as even minor variations like speaking or sitting can impact the readings. Additionally, respiration plays a role in blood pressure, exhibiting a dip during inhalation and a subsequent increase during exhalation. However, the influence of breathing patterns, duration, and rate on blood pressure remains largely unexplored.

Methods:
In this study, we have attempted to quantify the changes in blood pressure and heart rate (HR) of normotensive individuals while performing predefined respiratory patterns – slow, medium, and fast (respiratory rates of 5, 10, and 20/m, respectively). For each respiratory pattern, age-matched and gender-matched (18–40 years) volunteered normotensive individuals were selected as volunteers. Baseline readings were recorded and each volunteer was randomly allotted a respiratory pattern. The volunteers performed the assigned respiratory pattern while the BP and HR were recorded.

Results:
A fall in both SBP and DBP was observed in all three patterns of respiration. There was no inter-pattern difference in the blood pressure change. A novel finding in our study was a trend of respiratory rate and HR – the change in HR linearly increased with a rise in respiratory rate difference. We also proposed a linear regression equation for this increase in HR with the increase in respiratory rate which was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The findings suggest the decline in blood pressure is independent of the respiratory pattern employed. The study also demonstrates that the HR is a linear function of respiratory rate.
Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C is associated with blood pressure in ex-preterm children and adolescents
Authors: Chainoglou Athanasia , Sarafidis Kosmas , Taparkou Anna , Farmaki Evangelia , Chrysaidou Katerina , Gidaris Dimos , Kollios Konstantinos , Kotsis Vasilios , Stabouli Stella 
Published: September 2024

Background:
As preterm birth is a risk factor for hypertension (HTN), biomarkers for early prediction of HTN in childhood is an emerging need. The aims of the study were to evaluate serum biomarkers in ex-preterm children and examine for associations with office peripheral and central SBP (cSBP), ambulatory BP parameters and pulse wave velocity (PWV).

Methods:
This case–control study included children and adolescents born prematurely (ex-preterms) and at full term (controls). All participants underwent office and ambulatory BP monitoring, assessment of cSBP, PWV and serum biomarkers at the same visit. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), matrix metalloproteinase-2, metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) and Cystatin C (CysC) were measured using ELISA.

Results:
The study population included 52 ex-preterm individuals and 26 controls. Mean age was 10.7 ± 3.6 years. NGAL, MMP-2, MMP-9, and CysC levels were similar between the ex-preterm and the control group. In the ex-preterm group, NGAL is associated with office SBP z score (β = 1.007, 95% CI 1.001–0.014, P = 0.049), CysC with office DBP z score (β = 1.003, 95% CI 1.001–0.005, P = 0.018) and cSBP z score (β = 1.003, 95% CI 1.001–0.005, P = 0.006) independently of age, sex and BMI z score. Among ex-preterm children and adolescents 17% had ambulatory HTN and 31% had white-coat HTN. NGAL levels were higher in ex-preterm children with WCH compared with children with normal BP [57.9 (IQR 50.8) versus 34.6 (IQR 46.2)], P = 0.018].

Conclusion:
WCH is common in ex-preterm children and adolescents and is associated with higher NGAL levels and CysC presents positive association with cSBP. The findings in this study provides preliminary evidence that NGAL and CysC may have a role in predicting the risk of developing hypertension later in life. Further studies are warranted.