bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reporting sharp injuries among Surgeons in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt
Authors: Mortada Eman Mohamed 
Published: March 2016

Background and rationale of the study: Although Sharps injuries are a preventable hazard faced by medical personnel in the operating room yet it continues to be one of the hidden problems among HCP. The potential consequence of such injuries includes transmission of blood-borne pathogens with detrimental effects. Despite the advances in technology and increased awareness of medical staff, annually around 600 thousand to one million workers are affected thus considered as one of the most serious threats facing health care workers specially surgeon.Methodology: a cross sectional study of Zagazig University Hospitals surgical departments. Using a sample composed of 287 surgeons randomly chosen from different surgical departments. A questionnaire assessed in addition to personal and professional characteristics, the history of sharp injuries, types of instrument causing the injury, their post exposure prophylaxis including reporting. The results: There were total 287 surgeons participated in this study. (47%) of the respondent surgeons had been exposed to at least one episode of sharp injury in the preceding 3 months and most of the exposures (68%) occurred in the operation room. The injury was mainly caused during suturing (83%). The commonest devices, accused in most of the injuries were suturing needle and scalpel (74 and 59%). The majority of the surgeons (62%) didn’t report the SI and it was largely explained by the majority of the sampled respondents (89%) were not aware of the reporting system existing in their hospital.Conclusions: The most common reason of underreporting in our study was the lack of awareness that all injuries must be reported.Recommendations: The observed high level of under reporting reflects the need for education on prevention. Our results can guide in planning an education program for the surgeons to increase awareness about dangers of sharp injuries and help improve the reporting strategy and other potential prevention interventions for of sharp injuries.
EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FRUCTOSE-1,6-DIPHOSPHATE IN TREATING OF OCULAR ISCHEMIC SYNDROME
Authors: Makhkamova Dilbar 
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FDP in patients with ocular ischemic syndrome.Material and methods. The material for this study is based on results of a comprehensive examination and treatment of 53 patients with a diagnosis OIS. The average age of the patients was 57,8 ± 6,82 year. 19 of them women, 34 men. 27 patients entered to the main group (1) which received standard therapy in combination with intravenous FDP (fructose 1,6-bisphosphate). 26 patients in the control group (2) received standard treatment.Results. In applying the FDP combined with comprehensive therapy in the main group resulted in increased of visual acuity by 32.8%, parameters of retinal sensitivity by 17.8%, reducing the area of scotomas compared with patients of the control group. Optical coherence tomography registered significant changes in the dynamics in patients of the main group - reducing the edema and restoration of RNFL and ONH. Recovery of visual function may have contributed neuroprotective activity of the drug FDP by a protective effect on nerve tissue, reducing the effects of hypoxic stress.Conclusions. The use of standard therapy in combination with FDP in the treatment of ocular ischemic syndrome has a positive effect on the course of the disease, thereby, increase of visual acuity, a decrease in sectoral loss in vision fields, the positive dynamics OCT parameters, improving hemodynamic parameters at Doppler imaging in dynamics.
‘Tension’ and ‘care’ as cornerstones of criteria for poetic-visual inquiry as arts-based educational research
Authors: Yuan Yanyue , Hickman Richard 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This article aims to address a number of interrelated issues concerning criteria for arts-based research. We start by responding to current discussions and debates over criteria, with a tacit goal of redefining the nature and goal of emerging visions of doing qualitative-oriented research. After reviewing some emerging frameworks for judging qualitative-oriented research and arts-based studies, we explore the prospect of integrating poetic elements into visual inquiry. This feeds into our suggestion of poetic-visual inquiry as a form of arts-based research, which we elaborate through three existing studies. In relation to this, we raise tension and care as two keys for thinking through researchers’ consciousness when carrying out arts-based research.
Comparison of Physiological Variables Between the Elliptical Bicycle and Run Training in Experienced Runners
Authors: Klein Ian E. , White Jason B. , Rana Sharon R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Klein, IE, White, JB, and Rana, SR. Comparison of physiological variables between the elliptical bicycle and run training in experienced runners. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 2998–3006, 2016—A novel outdoor elliptical bicycle (EBIKE) has been designed to elicit running-similar physiological adaptations while reducing the impact forces that commonly lead to injury. Various cross-training methods have been used to reduce injury risk, restore or maintain fitness, and prevent detraining. The purpose of this study was to compare 4 weeks of EBIKE-only training to run-only training on maximal oxygen consumption, ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point, running economy, and 5,000 m time trial times. Twelve experienced runners (age, 22.33 ± 3.33 years; running experience, 9.25 ± 4.53 years) completed 4 weeks of randomly assigned EBIKE or run training. Physiological and performance testing procedures were repeated, and subjects then performed a second matched 4-week training period in a crossover design. Ventilatory threshold was significantly greater after EBIKE (p ≤ 0.05; 41.60 ± 6.15 ml·kg−1·min−1) and run training (p ≤ 0.05; 42.33 ± 6.96 ml·kg−1·min−1) compared with the initial time point (40.17 ± 6.47 ml·kg−1·min−1). There were no significant group differences (p > 0.05) for these variables at any time point. In conclusion, EBIKE-only training yielded similar physiological and performance maintenance or improvements compared with run-only training. These results suggest that EBIKE training can be an effective cross-training method to maintain and improve certain physiological and performance variables in experienced runners over a 4-week period.
Presencias de lo Cotidiano. Objetos y Creatividad en el Arte Moderno y Contemporáneo: Aproximación al Caso de Antoni TÃ pies
Authors: Macaya Albert 
Published: March 2016

Los objetos de uso cotidiano, en el arte moderno y contemporáneo, han formado parte tanto del proceso creativo como de las propias producciones de numerosos artistas. La relación entre objetos y creatividad es multidimensional y ha dado lugar a algunas de las más sugerentes propuestas artísticas de las últimas décadas. En este artículo, se analizan las distintas dimensiones y sentidos que ha adquirido los objetos en el quehacer de los artistas. Esbozamos dos grandes direcciones en la presencia de objetos en el arte reciente: la de las miradas a objetos cotidianos que los hacen aparecer bajo una nueva luz, y la que involucra a un determinado objeto en un juego de significados en que éste adquiere sentidos totalmente nuevos.Tras un breve repaso de algunos referentes históricos, nos centramos en el caso de la presencia de objetos en el trabajo de Antoni TÃ pies, que nos permitirá explorar un rico entramado de relaciones posibles de los objetos con modos de significado y formas culturales diversas.
Gasoline Multiphase and Multicomponent Partitioning in the Vadose Zone: Dynamics and Risk Longevity
Authors: Lari Kaveh Sookhak , Johnston Colin D. , Davis Greg B. 
Published: March 2016

Core Ideas
Multiphase multicomponent simulations revealed subsurface gasoline spillage dynamics.
We showed how the release dynamics affect gasoline composition and partitioning.
We discussed health risks associated with the release dynamics.
We estimated the risk longevity of different gasoline components in all phases.
The multiphase and multicomponent dynamics of the release of light nonaqueous‐phase liquid (LNAPL) petroleum hydrocarbons into the subsurface determines the longevity of health and environmental risks. Gasoline is of particular concern, with a wide range of volatilities and solubilities. A Darcy‐scale, three‐dimensional, multiphase and multicomponent approach simulated the effects of the release depth and duration (20–500 d) on the distribution, partitioning, and fate of gasoline components, highlighting major changes in composition and mass during the initial release period. The simulated release occurred at either the ground surface (shallow) or immediately above the water table (deep). The LNAPL mass losses were directly related to the duration of the release. As much as 20% of the initial LNAPL mass was lost from shallow releases mainly as a result of ongoing volatilization of C4–C6 alkanes in the vadose zone over the release period. This was up to 59% higher than the deep releases, mostly resulting from the greater penetration of the deep release below the water table. Over the longer term, the mole fraction of the components within the LNAPL plume from the shallow releases asymptoted to values observed for a weathered gasoline sampled from the field. The mole fraction of toluene increased from 13 to 17% and short‐chain alkanes decreased from 49 to 19%. Interestingly, the particular balance of partitioning processes left the benzene mole fraction approximately constant over the time of release and for an appreciable period beyond. This has important implications for long‐term risk in the vapor and water phases.
Modeling of Horizontal Water Redistribution in an Unsaturated Soil
Authors: Zhuang Luwen , Hassanizadeh S. Majid , van Genuchten Martinus Th. , Leijnse Anton , Raoof Amir , Qin Chaozhong 
Published: March 2016

Core Ideas
A recent laboratory experiment of horizontal water redistribution was simulated.
Two different models were separately used to reproduce the measured data.
Interfacial area model results showed better agreement with experimental data.
When two soil samples with the same hydraulic properties but different initial water saturations are brought into contact, water will redistribute horizontally between the samples until some equilibrium is reached. The part with a higher initial saturation undergoes drainage while imbibition occurs in the other part. Hysteresis will not allow water to redistribute evenly between the two parts. In this study we used two different modeling approaches to analyze a recent experiment related to the water redistribution process. In one approach, we assumed applicability of the standard Richards equation with a hysteretic capillary pressure–saturation relationship (including scanning curves). This approach assumes continuity in the water pressure and flux across the contact surface between the two sides. In the second approach, we used an extended two‐phase flow formulation based on rational thermodynamics principles and involving the air–water specific interfacial area. For this approach, we used continuity in the Gibbs free energy for air–water interfaces and the interfacial area flux as additional conditions at the contact surface. We employed two different initial conditions: uniform initial saturation for each side and slightly nonuniform initial saturation distributions consistent with the measured water contents. We compared results of both models with measurements. The Richards equation with full hysteresis could not reproduce the measured saturation distribution unless an unrealistic value of the imbibition retention curve was assigned. The interfacial area model compared well with the experimental data after optimization of some of the model parameters.
CD44 Antibody Inhibition of Macrophage Phagocytosis Targets Fcγ Receptor– and Complement Receptor 3–Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Amash Alaa , Wang Lin , Wang Yawen , Bhakta Varsha , Fairn Gregory D. , Hou Ming , Peng Jun , Sheffield William P. , Lazarus Alan H. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Targeting CD44, a major leukocyte adhesion molecule, using specific Abs has been shown beneficial in several models of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The mechanisms contributing to the anti-inflammatory effects of CD44 Abs, however, remain poorly understood. Phagocytosis is a key component of immune system function and can play a pivotal role in autoimmune states where CD44 Abs have shown to be effective. In this study, we show that the well-known anti-inflammatory CD44 Ab IM7 can inhibit murine macrophage phagocytosis of RBCs. We assessed three selected macrophage phagocytic receptor systems: Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), complement receptor 3 (CR3), and dectin-1. Treatment of macrophages with IM7 resulted in significant inhibition of FcγR-mediated phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized RBCs. The inhibition of FcγR-mediated phagocytosis was at an early stage in the phagocytic process involving both inhibition of the binding of the target RBC to the macrophages and postbinding events. This CD44 Ab also inhibited CR3-mediated phagocytosis of C3bi-opsonized RBCs, but it did not affect the phagocytosis of zymosan particles, known to be mediated by the C-type lectin dectin-1. Other CD44 Abs known to have less broad anti-inflammatory activity, including KM114, KM81, and KM201, did not inhibit FcγR-mediated phagocytosis of RBCs. Taken together, these findings demonstrate selective inhibition of FcγR and CR3-mediated phagocytosis by IM7 and suggest that this broadly anti-inflammatory CD44 Ab inhibits these selected macrophage phagocytic pathways. The understanding of the immune-regulatory effects of CD44 Abs is important in the development and optimization of therapeutic strategies for the potential treatment of autoimmune conditions.
Single Word Insertions as Code-Switching or Established Borrowing?
Authors: Hadei Marzieh 
Published: March 2016

<p class="1"><span lang="X-NONE">The present study aims to show whether or not English single word insertions in Persian can be considered as code-switching or established borrowing. A mixed method design is chosen for the study. Data for the present study were collected from 12 Persian-English bilingual speakers in different tape-recorded spontaneous conversations. The findings of the study revealed that English single word insertions cannot be considered as established borrowing for several reasons: a) They are not integrated phonologically into the Persian frame b) They behave similarly to phrasal insertions with different Persian markers c) They are not fixed in the mental lexicon of the bilingual Persian-English speakers and are used without any awareness and d) English verbs cannot integrate into the Persian frame- neither morphologically nor syntactically. <span>Overall, the present study agrees with Myers-Scotton’s (2002) </span>that borrowing arises originally as code-switching, and borrowed forms and code-switched forms tend to fall across a continuum.</span></p>
Development of a 0.5 T magnetic‐core alternating‐field demagnetizer
Authors: Schillinger W. E. , Morris E. R. , Coe R. S. , Finn D. R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe have constructed an alternating‐field (AF) demagnetizer with a magnetic core in a passively air‐cooled coil that can routinely operate at fields up to 0.5 T, almost 3 times higher than we could attain before in our commercial instrument. The field is powered by a commercial 1 kW power amplifier and is transverse to the bore, uniform to ±2% over a 25 mm paleomagnetic sample, and compatible with our existing sample handler for automated demagnetization and measurement. Even harmonics are ≤1 ppm of the fundamental and so generate negligible anhysteretic remanence. The much higher peak alternating field, 2 and 5 times that commonly available in air‐core solenoidal and Helmhotz coil configurations, respectively, enables successful AF demagnetization of many samples that could not be completely demagnetized with commercially available equipment. This capability is especially useful for high‐coercivity sedimentary and igneous rocks and extraterrestrial materials that contain magnetic minerals that alter during thermal demagnetization. In addition to the benefits, this instrument brings to our own research, a much broader potential impact is that it could replace the transverse coils of most automated AF demagnetization systems in use today, whether for discrete or continuous U‐channel measurements, which are commonly limited to peak fields of ∼100 mT. Manual and tumbling demagnetizers would benefit as well by the ∼2 times increase in maximum field over those that can be attained by commercial solenoidal coils. Furthermore, we expect that it and similarly designed magnetic‐core instruments will be capable of attaining even higher fields, of order 1 T.
Scales and properties of cold filaments in the Benguela upwelling system off Lüderitz
Authors: Hösen Elisabeth , Möller Judith , Jochumsen Kerstin , Quadfasel Detlef 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Benguela upwelling system is one of the four strongest upwelling systems in the world. Meso‐scale and submeso‐scale structures like eddies and filaments build up at the front between the cold upwelled water and the warm surface water offshore. From three and a half years of satellite data (MODIS) of sea surface temperature (SST) more than 450 filaments were identified and used for extensive statistics of the scales, the occurrence frequency and the location of filaments in the Lüderitz upwelling cell and its vicinity. In situ data of SST, sea surface salinity and profiles of temperature, salinity and velocity collected during six cruises between September 2011 and February 2014 provide information on the properties of filaments and on their vertical structure. The occurrence of the filaments shows a maximum in austral summer and a minimum in September similar to the seasonal intensity of the upwelling. Within the Lüderitz cell, filaments have a meridional extent between 5 km and 80 km, an offshore extent between 20 km and more than 500 km and a vertical extent between 70 m and 180 m. The temperature within the filaments is 0.25 – 2.5°C lower than the ambient temperature and their salinity is up to 0.6 lower than the ambient salinity. Within the filaments westerly currents with velocities up to 30 cm/s were observed. Mean filament properties and occurrence result in an offshore volume transport of 3 Sv and a heat transport anomaly of −3 × 1013W.
Changes in interannual climate sensitivities of terrestrial carbon fluxes during the 21st century predicted by CMIP5 Earth System Models
Authors: Liu Yongwen , Wang Tao , Huang Mengtian , Yao Yitong , Ciais Philippe , Piao Shilong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTerrestrial carbon fluxes are sensitive to climate change, but the interannual climate sensitivity of the land carbon cycle can also change with time. We analyzed the changes in responses of net biome production (NBP), net primary production (NPP), and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) to interannual climate variations over the 21st century in the Earth System Models (ESMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5. Under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5, interannual temperature sensitivities of NBP (γTempNBP), NPP (γTempNPP), and Rh (γTempRh) remain relatively stable at global scale, yet with large differences among ESMs and spatial heterogeneity. Modeled γTempNPP and γTempRh appear to increase in parallel in boreal regions, resulting in unchanged γTempNBP. Tropical γTempNBP decreases in most models, due to decreasing γTempNPP and relatively stable γTempRh. Across models, the changes in γTempNBP can be mainly explained by changes in γTempNPP rather than changes in γTempRh, at both global and regional scales. Interannual precipitation sensitivities of global NBP (γPrecNBP), NPP (γPrecNPP), and Rh (γPrecRh) are predicted not to change significantly, with large differences among ESMs. Across models, the changes in γPrecNBP can be mainly explained by changes in γPrecNPP rather than changes in γPrecRh in temperate regions, but not in other regions. Changes in the interannual climate sensitivities of carbon fluxes are consistent across RCPs 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5 but larger in more intensive scenarios. More effort should be considered to improve terrestrial carbon flux responses to interannual climate variability, e.g., incorporating biogeochemical processes of nutrient limitation, permafrost dynamics, and microbial decomposition.
Mean spectral characteristics of acoustic gravity waves in the thermosphere‐ionosphere determined from Dynasonde data
Authors: Negrea Cătălin , Zabotin Nikolay A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWave‐like disturbances have been observed in the ionospheric plasma for several decades using a wide range of remote sensing techniques. In this paper, the use of Dynasonde‐derived ionospheric “tilt” measurements is demonstrated to determine the dominant features of the underlying acoustic gravity wave spectrum and its height variation. The diurnal ionospheric variability introduces data gaps of varying length and distribution at any constant height level. This excludes the use of conventional fast Fourier transform techniques for spectral calculations. To obtain a complete and accurate image of the height variability of the wave activity in the thermosphere‐ionosphere, a method is required that would provide physically comparable results at all altitudes, regardless of the variations in sampling. In addition, the true geophysical variability should be distinguished from overlapping noise. The proposed solution is a combination of the well‐known Lomb‐Scargle and Welch methods, with the dataset of interest being divided into several overlapping subintervals and the mean spectrum calculated using results for those subintervals for which the power spectral density integral equals the time domain variance within a preset tolerance. The choice of the tolerance value is justified by means of numerical simulations using synthetic data similar to the tilt measurements. The proposed method is verified using a 10 day long dataset obtained with the Wallops Island Dynasonde. Results obtained with this method are compared in this paper with those obtained with a basic implementation and with a filtering method based on the amount of available data. A considerable reduction in the number of artifacts is observed with the use of this innovative approach, allowing reliable conclusions to be derived regarding the acoustic gravity wave spectrum and its height variability.
A numerical study of large‐scale ionospheric modulation due to the thermal process by powerful wave heating
Authors: Zhou Chen , Ni Binbin , Wang Xiang , Liu Moran , Xu Xiang , Wang Chen , Shi Run , Gu Xudong , Zhang Yuannong , Zhao Zhengyu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe present a three‐dimensional numerical model of large‐scale ionospheric electron density and temperature modulation by powerful electromagnetic waves by incorporating the transport equations and the three‐dimensional ray‐tracing algorithm. Based on this numerical model, the changes of ionospheric electron density and temperature at nighttime are investigated. The simulation results present (1) the ionospheric electron temperature enhancement due to the energy absorption; (2) the ionospheric electron density depletion at the reflection region and enhancement at the upper/lower region along the field line due to the thermal pressure; and (3) large‐scale field‐aligned irregularities (FAIs) due to the thermal self‐focusing instability with transverse scale of ~10 km. The results are quantitatively consistent with the previous theoretical predictions and experimental observations, which indicate that the thermal processes play an important role in the ionospheric electron density/temperature modulation and large‐scale FAI generation.