bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Achieving Accountable, Open and Transparent Government as Illustrated in the Case of Bulgaria
Authors: Katsamunska Polya , Rosenbaum Allan 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Because of its importance as an institution, ensuring the accountability and openness of government is a central concern of all democratic societies. In this article, we first examine various means of achieving accountable government, both in general terms and as regards specific strategies. We identify three general categories of mechanisms to encourage governmental accountability with a particular emphasis upon openness and transparency. We then review both prior and new policies being implemented by the government of Bulgaria to achieve an accountable, open and transparent government. Particular attention is given to efforts to limit corruption in Bulgarian government through the introduction of new policies in the areas of openness and transparency.
“All Data is Credit Data”
Authors: Rosamond Emily 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis essay examines new means of measuring creditworthiness, reputation and character online and briefly considers the implications for contemporary art. New technologies for determining creditworthiness abound; for instance, companies in the so-called fintech (financial technology) industry, provide new methods for granting credit to the underbanked, using big data analytics and psychometric testing. Similarly, Rachel Botsman and others envision a future in which reputation becomes a kind of currency, following its bearers from platform to platform. Together, the world of consciously projected reputation-images online and the fintech industry’s inconspicuous measurement of creditworthiness form a conscious/ unconscious couplet of character measurement apparatuses. Character, in these data analytic worlds, acts as a lived fiction, a representation of futurity online that determines in advance one’s level of access to markets and social spheres. How might these emerging conditions change the ways in which artworks understand – and perhaps resist – the demand to be “good” characters online? Some possible artistic responses to this world of character measurement include questioning the correlative logics of measurement itself and testing the limits of creditworthy character traits, in order to demonstrate that credit must always rely on a set of locally shared assumptions as to what might be considered “desirable” behaviour.
Between Nostalgia and History in the US South: Fictions of the Black Waiter on Film
Authors: Kelting Lily 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

In this essay, I examine frictions between the past, present and future which, in the tension between them, generate fictions which conflate not only Southern nostalgia with history but undergird American exceptionalism more broadly. These fictions generated by the rubbing together of past and present are not only nostalgic for a past that never existed but actively anti-historical, supplanting discrete periods in the history of the U.S. South (such as slavery, the Jim Crow Era, and the present day) with an intentionally confounded “temporal estrangement”. To trace the fault-lines at which nostalgia and history chafe against each other, I focus on the figure of the black waiter.
As to my choice of the word black instead of African-American: as this article focuses explicitly on racial divides in American Southern history, I have chosen to use the word black rather than African-American. I see this move as a way to emphasize the lived consequences of racial difference for black Americans in the time period I analyze here – effects which, like the murder of Booker Wright, do not live in the hybrid space of the hyphen.
My primary case study is Paula Deen’s legal deposition, taken in Savannah in 2013 after almost three years of legal proceedings. But in order to situate Deen’s fictions more fully within and beyond the context of the U.S. South, I read this deposition through and against two films, one largely-forgotten documentary, Mississippi: An Inside Story and one blockbuster, Forrest Gump.
Appearance of a Robot Affects the Impact of its Behaviour on Perceived Trustworthiness and Empathy
Authors: Złotowski Jakub , Sumioka Hidenobu , Nishio Shuichi , Glas Dylan F. , Bartneck Christoph , Ishiguro Hiroshi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn increasing number of companion robots have started reaching the public in the recent years. These robots vary in their appearance and behavior. Since these two factors can have an impact on lasting human–robot relationships, it is important to understand their effect for companion robots.We have conducted an experiment that evaluated the impact of a robot’s appearance and its behaviour in repeated interactions on its perceived empathy, trustworthiness and anxiety experienced by a human. The results indicate that a highly humanlike robot is perceived as less trustworthy and empathic than a more machinelike robot. Moreover, negative behaviour of a machinelike robot reduces its trustworthiness and perceived empathy stronger than for highly humanlike robot. In addition, we found that a robot which disapproves of what a human says can induce anxiety felt towards its communication capabilities. Our findings suggest that more machinelike robots can be more suitable as companions than highly humanlike robots. Moreover, a robot disagreeing with a human interaction partner should be able to provide feedback on its understanding of the partner’s message in order to reduce her anxiety.
Influence of titanium dioxide modification on the antibacterial properties
Authors: Rokicka Paulina , Markowska-Szczupak Agata , Kowalczyk Łukasz , Kowalska Ewa , Morawski Antoni W. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Antibacterial properties of 15 titania photocatalysts, mono- and dual-modified with nitrogen and carbon were examined. Amorphous TiO2, supplied by Azoty Group Chemical Factory Police S.A., was used as titania source (Ar-TiO2, C-TiO2, N-TiO2 and N,C-TiO2 calcined at 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C). The disinfection ability was examined against Escherichia coli K12 under irradiation with UV and artificial sunlight and in dark conditions. It has been found the development of new photocatalysts with enhanced interaction ability with microorganisms might be a useful strategy to improve disinfection method conducted under artificial sunlight irradiation. The efficiency of disinfection process conducted under artificial sunlight irradiation with carbon (C-TiO2) and carbon/nitrogen (N,C-TiO2) photocatalysts was similar as obtained under UV irradiation. Furthermore, during dark incubation, any toxicity of the photocatalyst was noted.
Oxidative decomposition of methanol in a vibroacoustic fluidized bed of Ag-coated cenosphere core-shell catalyst
Authors: Berkowicz Gabriela , Żukowski Witold , Baron Jerzy 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The paper presents results of a study of oxidative decomposition of methanol in a fluidized bed of silver catalyst. The process of methanol oxidation was carried out on Ag-coated cenospheres core-shell catalyst. The catalyst was obtained by precipitation of silver from methanolic solution of silver nitrate on cenospheres. Cenospheres are lightweight, inert, hollow spheres, which can be easily introduced into a fluidized bed. Application of the catalyst in a form of fluidized bed should ensure good temperature equalization which is very important at low temperatures due to the possibility of generation of formaldehyde. It turned out that local hot points occur in that kind of a catalyst (in the form of a fluidized bed but with very low density), thus use of additional acoustic wave is necessary to ensure good control over the temperature of the process. The products of the process of methanol oxidation were monitored on-line by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The catalyst has proven to be highly active in the oxidative decomposition of methanol. Full of methanol conversion in reaction of complete oxidation was achieved at 350°C.
Feasibility of municipal solid waste (MSW) as energy sources for Saudi Arabia’s future Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants
Authors: Agboola Phillips O. , Saleh Jehad 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) generates between 1.4–1.75 kg/person/day of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) that accounts for over 16 million tons of MSW/year. The solid waste collected from different sources is dumped in landfills, thereby creating environmental concerns. In this paper, the potential of solid waste as an energy source (Waste to Energy (WTE)) for Reverse Osmosis (RO) water purification was evaluated. The KSA is known for its acute fresh water shortages and uses desalination technology in meeting its daily water requirements; a process that is energy intensive. The evaluation of the energy content of MSW shows a potential to produce about 927 MW in 2015, based on a total mass burn, and about 1,692 MW in 2032. The MSW-WTE plants can produce about 1.5% of the targeted 120 GW of energy for 2032. For the R.O system, it will give approximately 16.8% of the daily fresh water needed for total mass burn and 2.4% with the recycling option.
Efficient method for Knoevenagel condensation in aqueous solution of amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs)
Authors: Ossowicz Paula , Rozwadowski Zbigniew , Gano Marcin , Janus Ewa 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This work reports on the use of the amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) which have been used as catalysts in Knoevenagel condensation of various aldehydes with malononitrile. For research we use tetrabutylammonium ionic liquids based on eight natural amino acids. The reaction was carried out in an aqueous medium. Using water as solvent provided efficient and simple method of isolation of pure product with high yield. Moreover, amino acid ionic liquid dissolved in water could be reused many times without any loss of its catalytic activity. The influence of the anion was studied. Moreover the effect of technological parameters such as: the temperature, the catalyst content, and the reaction time on yield of reaction were investigated.
Cerebral mTOR signal and pro-inflammatory cytokines in Alzheimer’s disease rats
Authors: Wang Xu , Li Guang-Jian , Hu Hai-Xia , Ma Chi , Ma Di-Hui , Liu Xiao-Liang , Jiang Xiao-Ming 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
As a part of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been reported to play a crucial role in regulating cognition and can be used as a neuronal marker. Neuro-inflammation is also a cause of the pathophysiological process in AD. Thus, we examined the protein expression levels of mTOR and its downstream pathways as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) in the brain of AD rats. We further examined the effects of blocking mTOR on PICs, namely IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Our results showed that the protein expression of p-mTOR, mTOR-mediated phosphorylation of 4E-binding protein 4 (4E-BP1) and p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase 1 (S6K1) pathways were amplified in the hippocampus of AD rats compared with controls. Blocking mTOR by using rapamycin selectively enhanced activities of IL-6 and TNF-α signaling pathways, which was accompanied with an increase of Caspase-3, indicating cellular apoptosis and worsened learning performance. In conclusion, our data for the first time revealed specific signaling pathways engaged in the development of AD, including a regulatory role by the activation of mTOR in PIC mechanisms. Stimulation of mTOR is likely to play a beneficial role in modulating neurological deficits in AD.Targeting one or more of these signaling molecules may present with new opportunities for treatment and clinical management of AD
Complex Visual Motion Representation in Mouse Area V1
Authors: Palagina Ganna , Meyer Jochen F. , Smirnakis Stelios M. 
Published: January 2017

Rodent visual cortex has a hierarchical architecture similar to that of higher mammals (Coogan and Burkhalter, 1993; Marshel et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2012). Although notable differences exist between the species in terms or receptive field sizes and orientation map organization (Dräger, 1975; Gattass et al., 1987; Van den Bergh et al., 2010), mouse V1 is thought to respond to local orientation and visual motion elements rather than to global patterns of motion, similar to V1 in higher mammals (Niell and Stryker, 2008; Bonin et al., 2011). However, recent results are inconclusive: some argue mouse V1 is analogous to monkey V1 (Juavinett and Callaway, 2015); others argue that it displays complex motion responses (Muir et al., 2015). We used type I plaids formed by the additive superposition of moving gratings (Adelson and Movshon, 1982; Movshon et al., 1985; Albright and Stoner, 1995) to investigate this question. We show that mouse V1 contains a considerably smaller fraction of component-motion-selective neurons (∼17% vs ∼84%), and a larger fraction of pattern-motion-selective neurons (∼10% vs <1.3%) compared with primate/cat V1. The direction of optokinetic nystagmus correlates with visual perception in higher mammals (Fox et al., 1975; Logothetis and Schall, 1990; Wei and Sun, 1998; Watanabe, 1999; Naber et al., 2011). Measurement of optokinetic responses to plaid stimuli revealed that mice demonstrate bistable perception, sometimes tracking individual stimulus components and others the global pattern of motion. Moreover, bistable optokinetic responses cannot be entirely attributed to subcortical circuitry as V1 lesions alter the fraction of responses occurring along pattern versus component motion. These observations suggest that area V1 input contributes to complex motion perception in the mouse.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTArea V1 in the mouse is hierarchically similar but not necessarily identical to area V1 in cats and primates. Here we demonstrate that area V1 neurons process complex motion plaid stimuli differently in mice versus in cats or primates. Specifically, a smaller proportion of mouse V1 cells are sensitive to component motion, and a larger proportion to pattern motion than are found in area V1 of cats/primates. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that mice exhibit bistable visual perception of plaid stimuli, and that this depends, at least in part, on area V1 input. Finally, we suggest that the relative proportion of component-motion-selective responses to pattern-motion-selective responses in mouse V1 may bias visual perception, as evidenced by changes in the direction of elicited optokinetic responses.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Diabetes mellitus, a state of low bone turnover – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hygum Katrine , Starup-Linde Jakob , Harsløf Torben , Vestergaard Peter , Langdahl Bente L 
Published: January 2017

Objective
To investigate the differences in bone turnover between diabetic patients and controls.

Design
A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
A literature search was conducted using the databases Medline at PubMed and EMBASE. The free text search terms ‘diabetes mellitus’ and ‘bone turnover’, ‘sclerostin’, ‘RANKL’, ‘osteoprotegerin’, ‘tartrate-resistant acid’ and ‘TRAP’ were used. Studies were eligible if they investigated bone turnover markers in patients with diabetes compared with controls. Data were extracted by two reviewers.

Results
A total of 2881 papers were identified of which 66 studies were included. Serum levels of the bone resorption marker C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (−0.10 ng/mL (−0.12, −0.08)) and the bone formation markers osteocalcin (−2.51 ng/mL (−3.01, −2.01)) and procollagen type 1 amino terminal propeptide (−10.80 ng/mL (−12.83, −8.77)) were all lower in patients with diabetes compared with controls. Furthermore, s-tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes (−0.31 U/L (−0.56, −0.05)) compared with controls. S-sclerostin was significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes (14.92 pmol/L (3.12, 26.72)) and patients with type 1 diabetes (3.24 pmol/L (1.52, 4.96)) compared with controls. Also, s-osteoprotegerin was increased among patients with diabetes compared with controls (2.67 pmol/L (0.21, 5.14)).

Conclusions
Markers of both bone formation and bone resorption are decreased in patients with diabetes. This suggests that diabetes mellitus is a state of low bone turnover, which in turn may lead to more fragile bone. Altered levels of sclerostin and osteoprotegerin may be responsible for this.
Leibniz, complexidade e incompletude
Authors: Chaitin Gregory J. , Chaitin Virginia Maria F. Gonçalves 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo é uma versão traduzida, revisada e expandida do artigo de G. J. Chaitin publicado em língua inglesa no American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers em 2009, uma palestra proferida em junho de 2008 na Universidade de Roma “Tor Vergata”, cujos trechos preservados aparecem aqui em primeira pessoa. Discutimos as ideias de Leibniz sobre a complexidade, e os desenvolvimentos três séculos mais tarde.
Definindo boato
Authors: Müller Felipe de Matos 
Published: January 2017

Neste ensaio, eu analisarei criticamente três definições de boato. Na primeira seção, eu considerarei a explicação de C. A. J. Coady (2006), na qual o boato é um caso de testemunho aparente, mas não é um caso de testemunho genuíno. Na segunda seção, eu considerarei a definição de boato oferecida por David Coady (2006), na qual o boato se espalha em uma larga cadeia sem status oficial. Na terceira seção, eu considerarei a definição de boato de Axel Gelfert (2013), na qual o boato não tem corroboração independente de evidência de primeira mão ou de fonte oficial. Na quarta e última seção, eu proporei uma definição, na qual o boato é um caso de testemunho genuíno sem confirmação oficial, cuja fonte original foi perdida ou nunca existiu.
O romance de Ricardo Lísias: janelas escancaradas para o sujeito hipermoderno
Authors: Munari Ana Cláudia , Silva Taíssi Alessandra Cardoso da 
Published: January 2017

A partir da análise dos romances de Ricardo Lísias e da sua produção autocrítica, este trabalho busca entender algumas relações entre a literatura de autoficção e a publicização do sujeito autor imerso no universo midiático. Partindo de uma revisão bibliográfica que conceitua os objetos aqui circunscritos e de uma apreciação anterior sobre a produção literária de jovens escritores brasileiros selecionados pela revista Granta em 2012, estreitamos nossa focalização no movimento do romancista em direção à escrita de si e à autorreferência. Nesse sentido, analisamos e contextualizamos a modalidade de escritura denominada autoficção, especialmente no que tange às aproximações entre as instâncias do narrador e do autor e entre biografemas e ficção (FIGUEIREDO, 2013; KLINGER, 2012), e evocamos estudos da Sociologia e da Comunicação de modo a caracterizar a sociedade da qual emerge o corpus deste estudo (LIPOVESTKY, 2004; SANTAELLA, 2012). A partir desse contexto, investigamos as obras literárias – O céu dos suicidas (2012), Divórcio (2013) e Delegado Tobias (2014) – e as narrativas midiáticas de Ricardo Lísias e identificamos nelas estratégias da publicidade.********************************************************************The novel by Ricardo Lísias: wide open windows to the subject hypermodernAbstract: Through the analysis of the novels of Ricardo Lísias and its self-critical production, this work intends to understand some relationships between the self-fiction literature and the popularization of the subject author immersed in the media universe. Starting from a literature review that conceptualizes the objects herein bounded and an earlier assessment of the literary production of young Brazilian writers selected by Granta magazine in 2012, we strengthened ur focus on the novelist's movement toward the writing itself nd self-reference. Pursuing this aim, we analyzed and contextualized the form of writing named autofiction, especially with regard to the similarities between instances of the narrator and the author and between biographema and fiction (FIGUEIREDO, 2013; KLINGER, 2012). We also evoked Sociology and Media Studies to characterize the society of which emerges the corpus of this study (LIPOVESTKY, 2004; SANTAELLA, 2012). From these premises, we investigated the literary works – Céu dos suicidas (Heaven suicide, 2012), Divórcio (Divorce, 2013) and Delegado Tobias (Tobias, the police chief, 2014) – and the media narratives of Ricardo Lísias and finally we identified his advertising strategies.Keywords: Self-ficction; Contemporary literature; Hypermodernity; Ricardo Lísias
Otra vida de Rodrigo Lacerda, una novela de crisis
Authors: Hernández Ascensión Rivas 
Published: January 2017

La novela Otra vida de Rodrigo Lacerda representa a la perfección una de las formas de crisis que habitan el mundo contemporáneo. Se parte de un espacio y de un tiempo específicos (la terminal de autobuses de una gran ciudad dos horas antes del inicio de un viaje), en realidad un lugar –inhóspito y de paso– y un tiempo metafóricos que sirven de marco a una crisis de consecuencias terribles para los personajes. Se trata de una crisis familiar que afecta a un matrimonio brasileño de clase media que puede ser extrapolada, como de hecho lo es, a cualquier individuo y a las sociedades civilizadas en los albores del siglo XXI.********************************************************************Outra vida de Rodrigo Lacerda, um romance de criseResumo: O romance Outra vida escrito por Rodrigo Lacerda representa perfeitamente uma das formas de crise que habitam o mundo contemporâneo. O romance parte de um espaço e um tempo específicos, o terminal de ônibus de uma cidade grande duas horas antes do início de uma viagem. É um lugar inóspito e de passagem, e é também uma contagem regressiva. Na verdade, o espaço e o tempo funcionam como o quadro de uma crise terrível para os personagens. Trata-se de uma crise familiar que afeta um casal de classe média, mas também representa uma crise global que afeta qualquer indivíduo em qualquer sociedade civilizada no alvorecer do século XXI.Palavras-chave: Romance de crise; Crise pessoal e global; Perspectiva narrativa; Análise********************************************************************Rodrigo Lacerda’s Outra vida, a crisis novelAbstract: Rodrigo Lacerda’s Outra vida is a novel that deals with the crisis of contemporary world. The story is about a couple whose members go through personal problems, and takes place in a big city bus station for just two hours. Time and space are metaphorical in this novel, and represent quite well space and time in contemporary world: inhospitable and overwhelming. In adition, this familiar crisis represents a crisis of global impact in the civilized societies of the twenty-first century.Keywords: Crisis novel; Personal and global crisis; Narrative point of view; Analysis