bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations of the hematologic cells in synthetic cannabinoid users
Authors: Guzel Derya , Yazici Ahmet Bulent , Yazici Esra , Erol Atila 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundFunctions, morphology, distributions, and index of the circulating cells are the most useful parameters that indicate various inflammatory and toxic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of these parameters in patients diagnosed with (synthetic) cannabis use disorder.MethodsThis study included a total of 40 patients in the study group (SG) with synthetic cannabis use; and 40 healthy individuals as the control group (CG). Participants, who had hematological disorders and other chronic diseases, were excluded from the study. All hematological parameters of SG were compared with CG. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values were calculated and compared between groups.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of WBC, MCH, RDW, MCV, MPV, and NEU, LYM%, MONO% parameters (P<.05). MPW and LYM% were significantly lower in SG compared to CG. WBC, MCH, RDW, MCV, MPV, MONO, and NEU parameters were significantly higher in SG compared to CG (P<.05). UIBC and TIBC levels were significantly higher in SG compared to CG (P<.001). Although there was statistically significant difference between groups in terms of NLR, there was no significant difference for PLR values.ConclusionOur data suggested that chronic use of cannabinoids can lead to deterioration of hematopoietic cells. Chronic use of cannabinoids was consistent with subthreshold/subclinical megaloblastic anemia with iron deficiency. Inflammatory cells, especially neutrophil and monocyte counts were higher in SG compared to CG. Thus, recovery of subclinical hematological parameters should be considered in cannabis use disorder patients.
Mechanical properties and structure‐function relationships of human chondrocyte‐seeded cartilage constructs after in vitro culture
Authors: Middendorf Jill M. , Griffin Darvin J. , Shortkroff Sonya , Dugopolski Caroline , Kennedy Stephen , Siemiatkoski Joseph , Cohen Itai , Bonassar Lawrence J. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTAutologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) is a widely recognized method for the repair of focal cartilage defects. Despite the accepted use, problems with this technique still exist, including graft hypertrophy, damage to surrounding tissue by sutures, uneven cell distribution, and delamination. Modified ACI techniques overcome these challenges by seeding autologous chondrocytes onto a 3D scaffold and securing the graft into the defect. Many studies on these tissue engineered grafts have identified the compressive properties, but few have examined frictional and shear properties as suggested by FDA guidance. This study is the first to perform three mechanical tests (compressive, frictional, and shear) on human tissue engineered cartilage. The objective was to understand the complex mechanical behavior, function, and changes that occur with time in these constructs grown in vitro using compression, friction, and shear tests. Safranin‐O histology and a DMMB assay both revealed increased sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in the scaffolds with increased maturity. Similarly, immunohistochemistry revealed increased lubricin localization on the construct surface. Confined compression and friction tests both revealed improved properties with increased construct maturity. Compressive properties correlated with the sGAG content, while improved friction coefficients were attributed to increased lubricin localization on the construct surfaces. In contrast, shear properties did not improve with increased culture time. This study suggests the various mechanical and biological properties of tissue engineered cartilage improve at different rates, indicating thorough mechanical evaluation of tissue engineered cartilage is critical to understanding the performance of repaired cartilage. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2298–2306, 2017.
On Measuring and Reducing Selection Bias With a Quasi‐Doubly Randomized Preference Trial
Authors: Joyce Ted , Remler Dahlia K. , Jaeger David A. , Altindag Onur , O'Connell Stephen D. , Crockett Sean 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRandomized experiments provide unbiased estimates of treatment effects, but are costly and time consuming. We demonstrate how a randomized experiment can be leveraged to measure selection bias by conducting a subsequent observational study that is identical in every way except that subjects choose their treatment—a quasi‐doubly randomized preference trial (quasi‐DRPT). Researchers first strive to think of and measure all possible confounders and then determine how well these confounders as controls can reduce or eliminate selection bias. We use a quasi‐DRPT to study the effect of class time on student performance in an undergraduate introductory microeconomics course at a large public university, illustrating its required design elements: experimental and choice arms conducted in the same setting with identical interventions and measurements, and all confounders measured prospectively to treatment assignment or choice. Quasi‐DRPTs augment randomized experiments in real‐world settings where participants choose their treatments.
Identification of Fibulin‐1 as a Human Bone Marrow Stromal (HS‐5) Cell‐Derived Factor That Induces Human Prostate Cancer Cell Death
Authors: Lertsuwan Kornkamon , Choe Leila H. , Marwa Irene R. , Lee Kelvin , Sikes Robert A. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDPrevious studies showed that human bone marrow stromal HS‐5 cells secreted unidentified factor(s) inducing PCa cell death. Herein, the HS‐5‐derived factor (HS‐5 DF) was characterized and identified.METHODSConditioned media from confluent HS‐5 cells were collected and modified for biochemical characteristic testing of HS‐5 DF. Cell survival was measured by apoptosis assay and live/dead assay. Fibulin‐1 was identified from gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The validation of Fibulin‐1 as a HS‐5 DF was done by immunoprecipitation (IP) and genetic knockdown by CRISPR/Cas9 system.RESULTSHS‐5 DF was trypsin and heat sensitive, but pH stable. The tentative size of the factor fell between 30 kDa and 100 kDa. TGF‐β1 treatment led to a suppression of HS‐5 DF activity, a property consistent with bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Examination of TGF‐β1 down regulated proteins led to identification of fibulin‐1 as a candidate for the DF. IP of Fibulin‐1 from HS‐5 CM and CRISPR knockdown of Fibulin‐1 showed a significant reduction of HS‐5 CM‐derived PCa cell death. These results strongly support a role for fibulin‐1 in HS‐5 bone marrow stromal cell induction of PCa cell death.CONCLUSIONOur data indicate that Fibulin‐1 functions as a HS‐5 bone marrow stromal cell‐derived factor inducing prostate cancer cell death. Prostate 77:729–742, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unusual (+/–)‐electrospray ionization induced fragmentation: Structural elucidation of an in‐process synthetic intermediate of doravirine (MK‐1439) using liquid chromatography/high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry and two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Sheng Huaming , Lexa Katrina W. , Zhang Li‐Kang , Yang Rong‐Sheng , Wright Timothy J. , Sherry Benjamin D. , Helmy Roy , Martin Gary E. 
Published: February 2017

RationaleDuring the development of a novel synthetic route to doravirine (1), a human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV‐1) nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), an unanticipated reaction intermediate, methyl (Z)‐2‐(3‐chloro‐5‐cyanophenoxy)‐5‐(3‐(3‐chloro‐5‐cyanophenoxy)‐2‐oxo‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)pyridin‐1(2H)‐yl)‐5‐ethoxy‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)pent‐2‐enoate (2), was isolated. Moreover, an unusual electrospray ionization (ESI)‐induced fragmentation was observed for 2. Hence, efforts were made towards the understanding of the structure of 2, which was crucial for the understanding of the reaction mechanism.MethodsThe isolated impurity was fully characterized by liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS/MS), hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange, and an ensemble of two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D‐NMR) techniques. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also conducted.ResultsAn unusual ESI‐induced fragmentation was observed for intermediate 2, giving an ion for half of the molecule in the positive ion mode, with the other half of the molecule affording an ion in the negative ion mode.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this unique ESI‐induced fragmentation has not been previously reported in the literature. The underlying mechanism was explored and is supported by DFT calculations, which could greatly help the structural characterization of unknown impurities with similar structural features using ESI‐MS in the future. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nuchal translucency scans complicated by nuchal cord – Are we measuring correctly?
Authors: Carroll Scott , Parange Nayana 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the affect nuchal cord (NC) may have on nuchal translucency (NT) thickness. To identify the sonographic features of NC complication in NT scans and to determine how these features are interpreted by sonographers complying to current Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) NT imaging guidelines.MethodsRetrospective review of 200 consecutive NT scans was performed by three FMF accredited sonographers in a 6 month period. Where a single measurement, at the thickest portion of the NT was used for combined first trimester screening (CFTS) calculation a ‘standard’ NT measurement was said to have occurred. A nuchal cord, nuchal translucency (NCNT) measurement was said to have occurred if any single image displayed two NT measurements, with calipers placed measuring NT thickness above and below the NC.ResultsThe combined data from the three sonographers showed no significant deviation from the current FMF NT for crown rump length (CRL) database range.ConclusionNC was found to add only 0.3 mm to NT thickness when the median NT without NC was compared to the mean of the highest NT value (either above or below cord. Separation of the NT into separate compartments, or a slight indentation in the outer NT skin line is not always due to the presence of NC and may be the result of beam shape artefact.
Nonylphenol increases tumor formation and growth by suppressing gender‐independent lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage activation
Authors: Lee Jae‐Wook , Han Hae‐Kyoung , Park Sojin , Moon Eun‐Yi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNonylphenol (NP) is a well‐known endocrine disruptor that influences sexual and reproductive development. Here, we investigated whether NP affects immune responses that are associated with tumor initiation and progression. When spleen cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A in the presence of 10−4 M NP, the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes was reduced compared with that in controls, in a gender‐independent fashion. While 10−4 M NP also decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS‐stimulated bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs), no changes in NO production were detected following treatment with 10−5 M NP. LPS‐stimulated expression of iNOS, COX2, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in BMDMs was reduced after 6 or 18 hours of incubation with 10−5 M NP. Furthermore, when mice were pre‐exposed to NP for 7 days prior to the injection of B16F10 melanoma cells, the rates of tumor nodule formation and relative tumor growth were higher than those in the control group. In vivo immunosuppressive effect was also clarified by the inhibition of proliferation in B/T lymphocyte and cytokine production in peritoneal macrophages from the mice pretreated with NP for 7 days. Taken together, these data demonstrate that NP could affect the immune responses of lymphocytes and macrophages, leading to the suppression of their tumor‐preventing ability. This suggests that individuals at high risk for tumor development should avoid frequent exposure to NP and other endocrine disruptors.
Summarizing US Wildlife Trade with an Eye Toward Assessing the Risk of Infectious Disease Introduction
Authors: Smith K. M. , Zambrana-Torrelio C. , White A. , Asmussen M. , Machalaba C. , Kennedy S. , Lopez K. , Wolf T. M. , Daszak P. , Travis D. A. , Karesh W. B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize the role of the USA in the global exchange of wildlife and describe high volume trade with an eye toward prioritizing health risk assessment questions for further analysis. Here we summarize nearly 14 years (2000–2013) of the most comprehensive data available (USFWS LEMIS system), involving 11 billion individual specimens and an additional 977 million kilograms of wildlife. The majority of shipments contained mammals (27%), while the majority of specimens imported were shells (57%) and tropical fish (25%). Most imports were facilitated by the aquatic and pet industry, resulting in one-third of all shipments containing live animals. The importer reported origin of wildlife was 77.7% wild-caught and 17.7% captive-reared. Indonesia was the leading exporter of legal shipments, while Mexico was the leading source reported for illegal shipments. At the specimen level, China was the leading exporter of legal and illegal wildlife imports. The number of annual declared shipments doubled during the period examined, illustrating continually increasing demand, which reinforces the need to scale up capacity for border inspections, risk management protocols and disease surveillance. Most regulatory oversight of wildlife trade is aimed at conservation, rather than prevention of disease introduction.
Las dimensiones espaciales de la segregación residencial en la ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán, a principios del siglo XXI
Authors: Domínguez Aguilar Mauricio 
Published: February 2017

Si bien la noción segregación residencial posee un fuerte e intrínseco carácter espacial, el análisis de sus dimensiones suele suscitar discrepancias respecto de sus aproximaciones analíticas y métodos. Tomando como caso de estudio la ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán, en este trabajo se analizan las dimensiones espaciales de la actual segregación residencial de la ciudad desde dos aproximaciones analíticas. La primera (cuantitativa), a través del cálculo y análisis de índices de segregación a un grupo de formas de estratificación (variables) que son representativas de los cuatro enfoques básicos de aproximación al estudio de la segregación residencial. La segunda (mixta), a través de la construcción e interpretación de un modelo cartográfico del actual patrón espacial de segregación residencial de la ciudad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la complementariedad de ambos métodos, al tiempo que aportan nuevas evidencias que cuestionan algunas de las creencias populares acerca de la segregación residencial en Mérida.
Fonctions qui opèrent sur les espaces de Besov et de Triebel
Authors: Bourdaud Gérard 
Published: February 2017

Let

F

be a function which acts, via left composition, on the Besov – or Triebel – space

\mathrm{E}_{p}^{s}(ℝ^{n})\:(s > 0)

. We prove that

F

is locally Lipschitz, if

\mathrm{E}_{p}^{s}(ℝ^{n})\:

is imbedded into

L^∞(ℝ^n)

, and globally Lipschitz if not; these conditions are necessary and sufficient when

0 < s < 1

.

Résumé

Soit

F

une fonction qui opère, par composition à gauche, sur l’espace de Besov – ou de Triebel –

\mathrm{E}_{p}^{s}(ℝ^{n})\:(s > 0)

. On montre que

F

est localement lipschitzienne si

\mathrm{E}_{p}^{s}(ℝ^{n})\:

s’injecte dans

L^∞(ℝ^n)

, globalement lipschitzienne sinon. Ces conditions sont nécessaires et suffisantes pour

0 < s < 1

.
On the existence of surfaces with prescribed mean curvature and boundary in higher dimensions
Authors: Duzaar Frank 
Published: February 2017

Given a Lipschitz continuous function

H : \mathbf R^{n + 1} → \mathbf R

, we construct hypersurfaces in

\mathbf R^{n + 1}

with prescribed mean curvature

H

which satisfy a Plateau boundary condition provided the mean curvature function

H

satisfies a certain isoperimetric condition. For

n ≦ 6

these surfaces are free from interior singularities.

Résumé

Étant donné une fonction continue lipschitzienne

H : \mathbf R^{n + 1} → \mathbf R

, nous construisons des hyper-surfaces dans

\mathbf R^{n + 1}

avec une courbure moyenne imposée

H

qui satisfait une condition frontière de Plateau pourvu que la fonction de courbure moyenne

H

satisfasse une certaine condition isopérimétrique. Pour

n ≦ 6

, ces surfaces n’ont pas de singularités intérieures.
The Dirichlet-problem for harmonic maps from the disk into a lorentzian warped product
Authors: Greco Carlo 
Published: February 2017

In this paper we prove the existence and the regularity of a harmonic map from the disk of

\mathbf R^2

into the Lorentz manifold

\mathrm{S}^{2} \times _{\mathrm{\beta }}^{\:}\mathbf{R}_{\:}^{\:}

, with a given boundary condition. Since the energy functional is not bounded from below, we search for its critical points which are not minima.

Résumé

Dans cet article, on démontre l’existence et la régularité d’une fonction harmonique du disque de

\mathbf R^2

dans une variété de Lorentz

\mathrm{S}^{2} \times _{\mathrm{\beta }}^{\:}\mathbf{R}_{\:}^{\:}

, dont la valeur est prescrite sur la frontière du disque. Puisque la fonctionnelle de l’énergie n’est pas bornée inférieurement, on cherche des points critiques de cette fonctionnelle qui ne sont pas des minima.
Palliative Care Discussions in Multiple System Atrophy: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Dayal Anita M. , Jenkins Mary E. , Jog Mandar S. , Kimpinski Kurt , MacDonald Penny , Gofton Teneille E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjective: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is an incurable neurodegenerative illness in which progressive symptoms, including stridor and acute laryngeal obstruction, occur. Advanced care planning and palliative care discussions in people living with MSA are not well defined. The aim of the present study is to evaluate advanced care planning and current practices in palliative care in MSA to identify opportunities for improving quality of care. Methods: The study is a retrospective chart review assessing the focus and timing of palliative care discussions in people living with MSA. Some 22 charts were reviewed. Results: A total of 22 patients were included. The most common symptoms were parkinsonism, orthostatic hypotension, GI/GU dysfunction, ataxia and gait impairment. Six patients had stridor. Of the palliative care discussions that took place, the most common topics were diagnosis, symptoms or symptom management, and prognosis. In the majority of patients who died and who had a do-not-attempt-resuscitation order, discussions surrounding resuscitation and goals of care took place only hours before death. Conclusions: There is no standard approach to advanced care planning and palliative care discussions in people living with MSA. We propose a framework to guide advanced care planning and palliative care discussions in MSA.
Firn Model Intercomparison Experiment (FirnMICE)
Authors: LUNDIN JESSICA M.D. , STEVENS C. MAX , ARTHERN ROBERT , BUIZERT CHRISTO , ORSI ANAIS , LIGTENBERG STEFAN R.M. , SIMONSEN SEBASTIAN B. , CUMMINGS EVAN , ESSERY RICHARD , LEAHY WILL , HARRIS PAUL , HELSEN MICHIEL M. , WADDINGTON EDWIN D. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTEvolution of cold dry snow and firn plays important roles in glaciology; however, the physical formulation of a densification law is still an active research topic. We forced eight firn-densification models and one seasonal-snow model in six different experiments by imposing step changes in temperature and accumulation-rate boundary conditions; all of the boundary conditions were chosen to simulate firn densification in cold, dry environments. While the intended application of the participating models varies, they are describing the same physical system and should in principle yield the same solutions. The firn models all produce plausible depth-density profiles, but the model outputs in both steady state and transient modes differ for quantities that are of interest in ice core and altimetry research. These differences demonstrate that firn-densification models are incorrectly or incompletely representing physical processes. We quantitatively characterize the differences among the results from the various models. For example, we find depth-integrated porosity is unlikely to be inferred with confidence from a firn model to better than 2 m in steady state at a specific site with known accumulation rate and temperature. Firn Model Intercomparison Experiment can provide a benchmark of results for future models, provide a basis to quantify model uncertainties and guide future directions of firn-densification modeling.
On a Pleistocene human occupation at Pedra Furada, Brazil
Authors: Meltzer David J. , Adovasio James M. , Dillehay Tom D. 
Published: February 2017

The last decades of fieldwork have not decisively upset the long-held view that the settlement of the Americas occurred in the very latest Pleistocene, as marked in North America by the Clovis archaeological horizon at about 11,200 years ago, and by a variety of contemporaneous South American industries. Yet there are several sites that may prove to be older, among them Pedra Furada, in the thorn forest of northeastern Brazil, a large and remarkable rock-shelter, whose Pleistocene deposits have been interpreted as containing clear evidence of human occupation.This paper offers a considered view of Pedra Furada from three archaeologists with a wide range of experiences in sites of all ages in the Americas and elsewhere, but who also share a special interest and expertise in the issues Pedra Furada has raised: Meltzer from long study of the peopling of the Americas and the frame of thinking within which we address that issue (Meltzer 1993a; 1993b); Adovasio from his intensive excavations and analysis of the Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Pennsylvania, the prime North American pre-Clovis candidate (Adovasio et al. 1990; Donahue & Adovasio 1990); and Dillehay from his work at the Monte Verde site in Chile, a site in which extraordinary preservation has produced a rich archaeological record with radiocarbon ages in excess of 12,500 years b.p. (Dillehay 1989a; in press). At the invitation of the Pedra Furada team, the three travelled to Brazil last December to participate in an international conference on the peopling of the Americas, and see first-hand the evidence from Pedra Furada.
Archaeology and identity in south Asia — interpretations and consequences
Authors: Coningham Robin , Lewer Nick 
Published: February 2017

Whilst archaeological discoveries initiated by the Europeans have long encouraged a pride in India's past among its educated elite, there is even less evidence of nationalism influencing the practice of Indian Archaeology. TRIGGER 1995: 271In 1995 Bruce Trigger dismissed the role of nationalism within the archaeology of south Asia (1995: 271), apparently ignoring even the archaeological nature of the crest of the new Indian republic — the Sarnath lion; and his comments have acted as a catalyst for this special number of papers, many of which explore the very real relationship between the south Asian nation-state and archaeology. We have expanded Trigger's tripartite division of nationalist, colonialist or imperialist archaeology (1984), to reflect the aspirations of additional units such as regions, religious groups and individual communities over the last 200 years. In so doing we have used the concept of identity, as offered by Northrup (1989: 63), to encompass these disparate groups:Identity is the tendency for human beings, individually and in groups, to establish, maintain and protect a sense of self-meaning, predictability and purpose. It encompasses a sense of self-definition at multiple levels.