bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor in Numbers: A Contribution to a Social History of Social Statistics in Contemporary Argentina
Authors: DANIEL CLAUDIA , VOMMARO GABRIEL 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article examines how poverty came to be identified as the key category of the new social question in Argentina during its post-1983 transition to democracy. It pays special attention to the conformation of an expert group at the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (National Institute of Statistics and Censuses, INDEC), which focused on the construction of statistical instruments aimed at describing the social reality of poverty. Through practices of objectification and classification carried out by those experts, poverty was made into a measurable object, at the same time that it was publicly instituted as a political-moral problem and as an object of state action.
Alternative strategies for amphibian conservation: a response to Muths & Fisher
Authors: Andreone Franco 
Published: November 2016

The so-called amphibian crisis is mostly managed by IUCN through the Species Survival Commission Amphibian Specialist Group in collaboration with the Amphibian Survival Alliance, and its management is considered to be the most important implementation of the Amphibian Conservation Action Plan (Gascon et al., 2007). In the Amphibian Conservation Action Plan meeting held in 2005 several actions were planned and the investment needed for amphibian conservation was estimated. More than a decade later, however, much remains to be done, especially in response to heterogeneous emergencies that could cause amphibian extinctions. In this context Muths & Fisher (2015) suggest an alternative approach.
Low dairy calcium intake is associated with overweight and elevated blood pressure in Polish adults, notably in premenopausal women
Authors: Skowrońska-Jóźwiak Elżbieta , Jaworski Maciej , Lorenc Roman , Karbownik-Lewińska Małgorzata , Lewiński Andrzej 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveDietary Ca is now being recognized to play an important role not only in skeletal integrity, but also in the regulation of energy and metabolism. The aim of the present study was to estimate the relationship of dairy Ca intake with BMI and blood pressure (BP) in a sample derived from the Polish population.DesignCa intake was calculated from an interviewer-administered semi-quantitative FFQ. BMI was calculated from measured weight and height, and BP was measured by a physician.SettingCross-sectional epidemiological study on osteoporosis risk factors in Poland.SubjectsRandomly selected healthy adult persons (n1259; 750 women and 509 men).ResultsDairy Ca intake was significantly lower in individuals with overweight/obesity (BMI≥25·00 kg/m2) and/or with elevated BP (systolic/diastolic ≥140/≥90 mmHg) than in those with normal body mass and BP, respectively. Ca intake was negatively correlated with BMI (r=−0·12,P<0·001), systolic BP (r=−0·11,P<0·001) and diastolic BP (r=−0·08,P<0·01). Daily dairy Ca intake below 1000 mg was a predictor for BMI≥25·0 kg/m2(OR=1·44,P<0·005). This relationship was stronger in women, particularly premenopausal women.ConclusionsThe obtained results indicate the role of low dairy Ca intake in the development of obesity and hypertension, notably in premenopausal women.
Consumption of energy-dense diets in relation to metabolic syndrome and inflammatory markers in Iranian female nurses
Authors: Azadbakht Leila , Haghighatdoost Fahimeh , Keshteli Ammar Hassanzadeh , Larijani Bagher , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between dietary energy density (DED) and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components and inflammatory markers.DesignCross-sectional study. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated dish-based semi-quantitative FFQ. DED was calculated by dividing energy intake (kcal/d) by the total weight of foods only (g/d). MetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. All associations were examined in the quartiles of DED, with higher quartiles indicating more energy-dense diets.SettingIsfahan, Iran.SubjectsFemale nurses (n 1036) aged >30 years.ResultsAfter controlling for potential confounders, individuals in the top quartile of DED had 78 % greater chance of MetS compared with those in the first (OR=1·78; 95 % CI 1·36, 2·98; P<0·001). Individuals in the highest quartile of DED were more likely to be abdominally obese (OR=1·51; 95 % CI 1·00, 2·63) and have hypertriacylglycerolaemia (OR=2·95; 95 % CI 1·58, 3·91) and low HDL cholesterol levels (OR=1·36; 95 % CI 1·17, 2·54) compared with those in the lowest quartile. Mean concentration of plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) across increasing quartiles of DED was 1·7, 1·7, 2·0, 2·4 mg/l (P for trend=0·04). Such increasing concentrations across increasing quartiles of DED were also seen for TNF-α (4·1, 4·5, 4·5, 4·8 ng/l; P for trend=0·03) and IL-6 (1·6, 1·6, 1·5, 2·5 ng/l; P for trend <0·01).ConclusionsConsumption of high-energy-dense foods was associated with increased chance of MetS, most of its features and inflammatory markers including hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6.
Genetic diversity of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit compositions in bread wheat landraces originated from Turkey
Authors: Temizgul Ridvan , Akbulut Mikail , Lafiandra Domenico 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFocusing on 116 bread wheat landraces, this study investigated high molecular weight glutenin allele polymorphism, gene diversity, genetic variation and linkage disequilibrium (LD) inGlu-1loci. To identify gluten alleles, sodium dodesyl sulphate-polyacrylamide, gel electrophoresis was used and for statistical analyses POPGENE software was employed. The results indicated that average genetic variation (h) was the highest inGlu-B1(0.6421) and the lowest inGlu-A1locus (0.4548); genetic similarity ratio (I) was the highest inGlu-B1(1.4170); the highest average genetic diversity (Ht) was observed inGlu-B1(0.6575) and the lowest diversity was observed inGlu-A1(0.4558). It was also observed that genetic diversity inGlu-1locus was largely due to intra-population variations. Inter-population gene flow was also calculated as 4.0051. Marmara and Southeastern Anatolia regions, the results further indicated, had the highest (2.8691) and lowest (0.1694) heterozygosity. Genetic erosion risk for Turkish bread wheat landraces was also seen to be high. Considering the mutual analyses of subunits of nationwide wheat landraces, it is possible to speculate about a limited migration between the landraces. LD of the landraces was largely because of this limited migration and/or epistatic natural selection. Since Turkey is known as the gene centre for major cereals including wheat, barley, rye and oat, where they diversified and spread throughout the world, studying the gluten allele diversity of Turkish bread wheat landraces is important. In addition, this study has revealed the applicability of LD, and neutrality tests to gluten protein diversity for the first time.
Genome editing in maize directed by CRISPR–Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes
Authors: Svitashev Sergei , Schwartz Christine , Lenderts Brian , Young Joshua K. , Mark Cigan A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTargeted DNA double-strand breaks have been shown to significantly increase the frequency and precision of genome editing. In the past two decades, several double-strand break technologies have been developed. CRISPR–Cas9 has quickly become the technology of choice for genome editing due to its simplicity, efficiency and versatility. Currently, genome editing in plants primarily relies on delivering double-strand break reagents in the form of DNA vectors. Here we report biolistic delivery of pre-assembled Cas9–gRNA ribonucleoproteins into maize embryo cells and regeneration of plants with both mutated and edited alleles. Using this method of delivery, we also demonstrate DNA- and selectable marker-free gene mutagenesis in maize and recovery of plants with mutated alleles at high frequencies. These results open new opportunities to accelerate breeding practices in a wide variety of crop species.
Long-distance transport of radioactive plume by nocturnal local winds
Authors: Yoshikane Takao , Yoshimura Kei , Chang Eun-Chul , Saya Akane , Oki Taikan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRadioactive plumes can spread far and wide depending on wind conditions. The plumes often frequently reached the Tokyo metropolitan area, which is approximately 200 km away from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, under spatially heterogeneous wind fields in March 2011. To reduce exposure to radioactive plumes, the behaviour of the plumes must be known. However, the transport mechanism of radioactive plumes is not fully understood. Using a regional climate model, we show that multiple diurnal cycle processes play a key role in the frequent transport of radioactive plumes to the Tokyo metropolitan area. The observed data and hindcast results indicate that the radioactive plume moves along the local winds, which comprise the northeasterly local wind (NELW) associated with the meso-scale low-pressure system (meso-low) and the northerly sea wind (NSW) during the night. The long-term analysis and sensitivity simulations also show the nocturnal processes that the NELW caused by the meso-low and the NSW are formed east of the Tokyo metropolitan area and from Fukushima offshore east of the Tokyo metropolitan area, respectively, when neither winter monsoons nor extra-tropical cyclones are predominant. These findings indicate that the radioactive plumes could reach faraway places frequently via nocturnal local processes.
PiHOG1, a stress regulator MAP kinase from the root endophyte fungus Piriformospora indica, confers salinity stress tolerance in rice plants
Authors: Jogawat Abhimanyu , Vadassery Jyothilakshmi , Verma Nidhi , Oelmüller Ralf , Dua Meenakshi , Nevo Eviatar , Johri Atul Kumar 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this study, yeast HOG1 homologue from the root endophyte Piriformospora indica (PiHOG1) was isolated and functionally characterized. Functional expression of PiHOG1 in S. cerevisiae ∆hog1 mutant restored osmotolerance under high osmotic stress. Knockdown (KD) transformants of PiHOG1 generated by RNA interference in P. indica showed that genes for the HOG pathway, osmoresponse and salinity tolerance were less stimulated in KD-PiHOG1 compared to the wild-type under salinity stress. Furthermore, KD lines are impaired in the colonization of rice roots under salinity stress of 200 mM NaCl, and the biomass of the host plants, their shoot and root lengths, root number, photosynthetic pigment and proline contents were reduced as compared to rice plants colonized by WT P. indica. Therefore, PiHOG1 is critical for root colonisation, salinity tolerance and the performance of the host plant under salinity stress. Moreover, downregulation of PiHOG1 resulted not only in reduced and delayed phosphorylation of the remaining PiHOG1 protein in colonized salinity-stressed rice roots, but also in the downregulation of the upstream MAP kinase genes PiPBS2 and PiSSK2 involved in salinity tolerance signalling in the fungus. Our data demonstrate that PiHOG1 is not only involved in the salinity response of P. indica, but also helping host plant to overcome salinity stress.
Influence of leaf vein density and thickness on hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) during water stress
Authors: Tabassum Muhammad Adnan , Zhu Guanglong , Hafeez Abdul , Wahid Muhammad Atif , Shaban Muhammad , Li Yong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe leaf venation architecture is an ideal, highly structured and efficient irrigation system in plant leaves. Leaf vein density (LVD) and vein thickness are the two major properties of this system. Leaf laminae carry out photosynthesis to harvest the maximum biological yield. It is still unknown whether the LVD and/or leaf vein thickness determines the plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant) and leaf photosynthetic rate (A). To investigate this topic, the current study was conducted with two varieties under three PEG-induced water deficit stress (PEG-IWDS) levels. The results showed that PEG-IWDS significantly decreased A, stomatal conductance (gs), and Kplant in both cultivars, though the IR-64 strain showed more severe decreases than the Hanyou-3 strain. PEG-IWDS significantly decreased the major vein thickness, while it had no significant effect on LVD. A, gs and Kplant were positively correlated with each other, and they were negatively correlated with LVD. A, gs and Kplant were positively correlated with the inter-vein distance and major vein thickness. Therefore, the decreased photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance in rice plants under water deficit conditions are related to the decrease in the major vein thickness.
An insecticide resistance-breaking mosquitocide targeting inward rectifier potassium channels in vectors of Zika virus and malaria
Authors: Swale Daniel R. , Engers Darren W. , Bollinger Sean R. , Gross Aaron , Inocente Edna Alfaro , Days Emily , Kanga Fariba , Johnson Reed M. , Yang Liu , Bloomquist Jeffrey R. , Hopkins Corey R. , Piermarini Peter M. , Denton Jerod S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInsecticide resistance is a growing threat to mosquito control programs around the world, thus creating the need to discover novel target sites and target-specific compounds for insecticide development. Emerging evidence suggests that mosquito inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels represent viable molecular targets for developing insecticides with new mechanisms of action. Here we describe the discovery and characterization of VU041, a submicromolar-affinity inhibitor of Anopheles (An.) gambiae and Aedes (Ae.) aegypti Kir1 channels that incapacitates adult female mosquitoes from representative insecticide-susceptible and -resistant strains of An. gambiae (G3 and Akron, respectively) and Ae. aegypti (Liverpool and Puerto Rico, respectively) following topical application. VU041 is selective for mosquito Kir channels over several mammalian orthologs, with the exception of Kir2.1, and is not lethal to honey bees. Medicinal chemistry was used to develop an analog, termed VU730, which retains activity toward mosquito Kir1 but is not active against Kir2.1 or other mammalian Kir channels. Thus, VU041 and VU730 are promising chemical scaffolds for developing new classes of insecticides to combat insecticide-resistant mosquitoes and the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases, such as Zika virus, without harmful effects on humans and beneficial insects.
Dynamics of adsorbed polymers on attractive homogeneous surfaces
Authors: Yang Qing-Hui , Luo Meng-Bo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDynamic behaviors of polymer chains adsorbed on an attractive, homogeneous surface are studied by using dynamic Monte Carlo simulations. The translational diffusion coefficient Dxy parallel to the surface decreases as the intra-polymer attraction strength EPP or the polymer-surface attraction strength EPS increases. The rotational relaxation time τR increases with EPS, but the dependence of τR on EPP is dependent on the adsorption state of the polymer. We find that τR decreases with increasing EPP for a partially adsorbed polymer but it increases with EPP for a fully adsorbed polymer. Scaling relations Dxy ~ N−α and τR ~ Nβ are found for long polymers. The scaling exponent α is independent of EPS for long polymers but increases with EPP from α = 1.06 at EPP = 0. While β ≈ 2.7 is also roughly independent of EPS for the adsorbed polymer at EPP = 0, but β increases with EPS at EPP > 0. Moreover, we find that β always decreases with increasing EPP. Our results reveal different effects of the attractive surface on the diffusion and rotation of adsorbed polymers.
Run-and-pause dynamics of cytoskeletal motor proteins
Authors: Hafner Anne E. , Santen Ludger , Rieger Heiko , Shaebani M. Reza 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCytoskeletal motor proteins are involved in major intracellular transport processes which are vital for maintaining appropriate cellular function. When attached to cytoskeletal filaments, the motor exhibits distinct states of motility: active motion along the filaments, and pause phase in which it remains stationary for a finite time interval. The transition probabilities between motion and pause phases are asymmetric in general, and considerably affected by changes in environmental conditions which influences the efficiency of cargo delivery to specific targets. By considering the motion of individual non-interacting molecular motors on a single filament as well as a dynamic filamentous network, we present an analytical model for the dynamics of self-propelled particles which undergo frequent pause phases. The interplay between motor processivity, structural properties of filamentous network, and transition probabilities between the two states of motility drastically changes the dynamics: multiple transitions between different types of anomalous diffusive dynamics occur and the crossover time to the asymptotic diffusive or ballistic motion varies by several orders of magnitude. We map out the phase diagrams in the space of transition probabilities, and address the role of initial conditions of motion on the resulting dynamics.
Forms and Lability of Phosphorus in Algae and Aquatic Macrophytes Characterized by Solution 31P NMR Coupled with Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Authors: Feng Weiying , Zhu Yuanrong , Wu Fengchang , He Zhongqi , Zhang Chen , Giesy John P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSolution Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy coupled with enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) with commercially available phosphatases was used to characterize phosphorus (P) compounds in extracts of the dominant aquatic macrophytes and algae in a eutrophic lake. Total extractable organic P (Po) concentrations ranged from 504 to 1643 mg kg−1 and 2318 to 8395 mg kg−1 for aquatic macrophytes and algae, respectively. Using 31P NMR spectroscopy, 11 Po species were detected in the mono- and diester region. Additionally, orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and phosphonates were also detected. Using EH, phytate-like P was identified as the prevalent class of enzyme-labile Po, followed by labile monoester- and diester-P. Comparison of the NMR and EH data indicated that the distribution pattern of major P forms in the samples determined by the two methods was similar (r = 0.712, p < 0.05). Additional 31P NMR spectroscopic analysis of extracts following EH showed significant decreases in the monoester and pyrophosphate regions, with a corresponding increase in the orthophosphate signal, as compared to unhydrolyzed extracts. Based on these quantity and hydrolysis data, we proposed that recycling of Po in vegetative biomass residues is an important mechanism for long-term self-regulation of available P for algal blooming in eutrophic lakes.
Performance error-related activity in monkey striatum during social interactions
Authors: Báez-Mendoza Raymundo , Schultz Wolfram 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMonitoring our performance is fundamental to motor control while monitoring other’s performance is fundamental to social coordination. The striatum is hypothesized to play a role in action selection, action initiation, and action parsing, but we know little of its role in performance monitoring. Furthermore, the striatum contains neurons that respond to own and other’s actions. Therefore, we asked if striatal neurons signal own and conspecific’s performance errors. Two macaque monkeys sitting across a touch-sensitive table in plain view of each other took turns performing a simple motor task to obtain juice rewards while we recorded single striatal neurons from one monkey at a time. Both monkeys made more errors after individually making an error but made fewer errors after a conspecific error. Thus, monkeys’ behavior was influenced by their own and their conspecific’s past behavior. A population of striatal neurons responded to own and conspecific’s performance errors independently of a negative reward prediction error signal. Overall, these data suggest that monkeys are influenced by social errors and that striatal neurons signal performance errors. These signals might be important for social coordination, observational learning and adjusting to an ever-changing social landscape.
Epidemiology Characteristics, Methodological Assessment and Reporting of Statistical Analysis of Network Meta-Analyses in the Field of Cancer
Authors: Ge Long , Tian Jin-hui , Li Xiu-xia , Song Fujian , Li Lun , Zhang Jun , Li Ge , Pei Gai-qin , Qiu Xia , Yang Ke-hu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBecause of the methodological complexity of network meta-analyses (NMAs), NMAs may be more vulnerable to methodological risks than conventional pair-wise meta-analysis. Our study aims to investigate epidemiology characteristics, conduction of literature search, methodological quality and reporting of statistical analysis process in the field of cancer based on PRISMA extension statement and modified AMSTAR checklist. We identified and included 102 NMAs in the field of cancer. 61 NMAs were conducted using a Bayesian framework. Of them, more than half of NMAs did not report assessment of convergence (60.66%). Inconsistency was assessed in 27.87% of NMAs. Assessment of heterogeneity in traditional meta-analyses was more common (42.62%) than in NMAs (6.56%). Most of NMAs did not report assessment of similarity (86.89%) and did not used GRADE tool to assess quality of evidence (95.08%). 43 NMAs were adjusted indirect comparisons, the methods used were described in 53.49% NMAs. Only 4.65% NMAs described the details of handling of multi group trials and 6.98% described the methods of similarity assessment. The median total AMSTAR-score was 8.00 (IQR: 6.00–8.25). Methodological quality and reporting of statistical analysis did not substantially differ by selected general characteristics. Overall, the quality of NMAs in the field of cancer was generally acceptable.
Challenges and constraints of dynamically emerged source and sink in atomtronic circuits: From closed-system to open-system approaches
Authors: Lai Chen-Yen , Chien Chih-Chun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhile batteries offer electronic source and sink for electronic devices, atomic analogues of source and sink and their theoretical descriptions have been a challenge in cold-atom systems. Here we consider dynamically emerged local potentials as controllable source and sink for bosonic atoms. Although a sink potential can collect bosons in equilibrium and indicate its usefulness in the adiabatic limit, sudden switching of the potential exhibits low effectiveness in pushing bosons into it. This is due to conservation of energy and particle in isolated systems such as cold atoms. By varying the potential depth and interaction strength, the systems can further exhibit averse response, where a deeper emerged potential attracts less bosonic atoms into it. To explore possibilities for improving the effectiveness, we investigate what types of system-environment coupling can help bring bosons into a dynamically emerged sink, and a Lindblad operator corresponding to local cooling is found to serve the purpose.
2 × VDD output buffer with 36.4% slew rate improvement using leakage current compensation
Authors: Wang C.‐C. , Tsai T.‐Y. , Lee T.‐J. , Ruan K.‐W. 
Published: November 2016

A 2 × VDD output buffer using leakage current compensation is demonstrated. With the proposed leakage current compensation circuit, the SR (slew rate) is improved 36.4–101.89% based on on‐silicon measurement results given different VDDIO (1.0/1.2/1.8 V) and temperatures (from 0 to 100°C). The data rate is 510/630/400 MHz for VDDIO at 1.8/1.2/1.0 V, respectively. Moreover, the reliability problem, the gate oxide overstress and the hot carrier degradation is avoided. The proposed design is implemented using a typical 90 nm CMOS process. The active area is 0.425 × 0.0563 mm. The SR is measured in the range from 0.766 to 2.585 V/ns.