bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of the invasive fungusAustropuccinia psidii(myrtle rust) on three Australian Myrtaceae species of coastal swamp woodland
Authors: Fernandez Winzer Laura , Carnegie Angus J. , Pegg Geoff S. , Leishman Michelle R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExotic fungal pathogens can substantially affect individuals and populations of susceptible native plant species, potentially resulting in changes in community structure and composition.Austropuccinia psidii(myrtle rust) is a pathogenic fungus native to South America that affects species in the plant family Myrtaceae. The pathogen was introduced accidentally to Australia and first detected inNSWin April 2010. Ecological impacts have been poorly studied in the native range ofA. psidiiand even less in its Australian introduced range. In order to assess the potential impact ofA. psidiion coastal swamp woodland, two glasshouse experiments were conducted using three co‐occurring species:Melaleuca quinquenervia,Leptospermum laevigatumandBaeckea linifolia. Plants of each species were grown individually (Experiment 1) and in mixed species assemblages (Experiment 2), with half inoculated withA. psidiiand the other half remaining as controls. Infection level was assessed and impact on seedling survival and growth recorded. In both experimentsL. laevigatumandM. quinquenerviaseedlings were heavily infected and showed high degrees of susceptibility with negative effects on growth (height, biomass and number of leaves). In contrast, noB. linifoliaseedling presented visible symptoms of disease, although seedlings showed reduced growth.Melaleuca quinquenerviaseedlings had greater infection levels and suffered greater growth reductions thanL. laevigatumin both experiments. However, there was no significant difference in the relative abundance of the three species in the mixed‐species experiment. This study provides a better understanding of the potential impacts ofA. psidiiin this vegetation community and has significant implications for the conservation and management of Australian Myrtaceae‐dominated plant communities generally.
Absence of bony patella in the white‐eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris): Morphology and diagnostic imaging
Authors: Inamassu L. R. , Mamprim M. J. , Dadalto C. R. , Cavaletti F. C. , Mello M. C. , Schimming B. C. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryPatella, the kneecap, is the best known and largest of the sesamoid bones and is present in the quadriceps femoris tendon. Typical patella appears in all extant mammals, with the exception of some marsupials and bats. No description about the white‐eared opossum stifle was found in the available literature up to now. Thus, the knee joints of 16 Didelphis albiventris were examined by gross anatomy, histology, radiography and computed tomography images to determine the presence or absence of ossified patella in this animal. The most remarkable observation in white‐eared opossum is the absence of a bony patella. The femoral trochlea is shallow, and the lateral gastrocnemius sesamoids are shown up in all opossums. The quadriceps femoris tendon is composed mainly of dense regular connective tissue with a classic fibrocartilage pad on the superficial surface of the tendon. The absence of a true patella seems to be typical for marsupials.
Increased attention‐deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in atopic dermatitis are associated with history of antihistamine use
Authors: Schmitt J. , Buske‐Kirschbaum A. , Tesch F. , Trikojat K. , Stephan V. , Abraham S. , Bauer A. , Nemat K. , Plessow F. , Roessner V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiologic evidence indicates a relevant association between atopic dermatitis (AD) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Underlying mechanisms and ways to best identify subgroups of AD patients at risk for ADHD are poorly understood.Aims of the studyTo compare sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics of children with AD, ADHD, comorbid AD/ADHD and age‐matched healthy controls and to investigate aspects of AD related to ADHD symptoms.MethodsApplying a factorial design, we investigated 4 groups of children aged 6‐12 years: AD‐only (ie, without ADHD), ADHD‐only (ie, without AD), AD + ADHD and healthy controls (HC; ie, no AD/no ADHD). Using validated instruments, ADHD symptoms and other behavioural problems, quality of life, parenting stress and sleeping problems were compared between groups. In children with AD‐only, clinical signs (objective SCORAD), symptoms (POEM, VAS pruritus, VAS sleeping problems) and previous treatment of AD were assessed to investigate disease patterns related to ADHD symptoms.ResultsCompared to HC (n = 47), children with AD‐only (n = 42), ADHD‐only (n = 34) and comorbid AD + ADHD (n = 31) had significantly increased behavioural problems and decreased quality of life. Children with AD‐only had significantly higher levels of ADHD symptoms than HC. In children with AD‐only, previous use of antihistamines was significantly associated with increased ADHD symptoms (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.04‐3.39). Current clinical signs and AD symptoms were unrelated to the level of ADHD symptoms.ConclusionsEven if the clinical diagnosis of ADHD is excluded, children with AD show increased levels of ADHD symptoms. Further investigations need to determine whether early antihistamine exposure is a major risk factor for ADHD or a surrogate for previous AD severity and/or associated sleeping problems.
Change in Axial Rotation of the Femur in the Resting Supine Position Following Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Uemura Keisuke , Takao Masaki , Hamada Hidetoshi , Sakai Takashi , Sugano Nobuhiko 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStem anteversion in the setting of total hip arthroplasty (THA) is usually measured by referencing the posterior condylar line (PCL). However, stem anteversion may not express the functional torsion of the femur if a consistent horizontal tilt in the PCL is observed after THA. Herein, the horizontal tilt of the PCL at the resting neutral position of the hip was retrospectively measured in 53 THA patients from three computed tomography (CT) datasets: (i) preoperative (preop‐CT), (ii) 3 weeks after THA (1st postop‐CT), and (iii) more than 2 years after THA (2nd postop‐CT). Factors including sex, surgical approach, change in femoral anteversion, leg length, leg lateral length, and pelvic sagittal tilt, were analyzed to determine if they were predictors for the rotational change in PCL, and the number of cases in which the horizontal tilt of the PCL remained within 10° in the three CT images was calculated. Comparing the preop‐CT to the 1st postop‐CT demonstrated that the PCL underwent internal rotation by (mean ± standard deviation) 13.1° ± 8.6°; only leg lateralization was significantly correlated to the change in PCL (β = 0.278, P = 0.046). Comparing the preop‐CT to the 2nd postop‐CT demonstrated that the PCL was internally rotated by 9.7° ± 9.3°; no factors were correlated to the change in PCL. There were only 12 hips (23%) in which the horizontal tilt of the PCL remained within 10°. In conclusion, the PCL in the resting position was internally rotated shortly after THA and remained internally rotated from the preoperative position at two or more years following THA. Thus, stem anteversion measured by referencing the PCL may not represent functional torsion of the femur.
A systematic analysis of online broadcasts of suicidality in China
Authors: Li Ang , Huang Xiaoxiao , Zhu Tingshao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionThis study attempts to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of online broadcasts of suicidality in China.MethodsA total of 193 incidents were identified by systematically searching for relevant news reports on the internet. A content analysis on these news reports was conducted to obtain information on the characteristics of each individual incident.ResultsOf these incidents, the ratio of males to females was 1:1.7 (age: 24.6 ± 6.1 years old). Approximately 45.4% and 70.8% of incidents were located in the region of Eastern China and Southern China, respectively, and 15.7% of incidents were unemployed. The most common suicide method was wrist cutting (57.5%), and the most common suicide location was at home (35.2%). Instant messaging apps (52.8%) were most frequently used for broadcasting suicidal thoughts and actions. Relationship breakup (61.1%) was reported as the leading cause of suicide. Furthermore, of the 193 incidents, 19 indicated that they suffered from a mental disorder, and 12 revealed that they had a history of suicide attempts. There were significant gender, age, regional, and occupational differences across the categories.DiscussionThis study indicates that in China, suicide prevention programmes need to target internet users.
Pharmacological vs. classical approaches in the design of first in man clinical drug trials
Authors: van den Bogert Cornelis A. , Cohen Adam F. , Leufkens Hubert G. M. , van Gerven Joop M. A. 
Published: October 2017

AimsThe aims of the present study were to investigate the role of pharmacology in the design of first‐in‐man (FIM) trials in the Netherlands, and to evaluate the change in design approaches between 2007 and 2015.MethodsAll FIM drug trials approved by all Dutch Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in 2007 and in 2015 were selected. The original trial protocols, investigator's brochures and investigational medicinal product dossiers were the data sources. The following four design elements were assessed on the justification of the chosen approaches: preclinical information, dose calculation, endpoints, and dose escalation.ResultsIn 2007, the Dutch IRBs approved 21 FIM trials, and in 2015 they approved 34 FIM trials (55 in total). Seven out of 21 (33%) of the FIM trials from 2007, and 14 out of the 34 (41%) FIM trials from 2015 discussed only the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level or no‐observed‐effect level as preclinical information. Furthermore, five of the 21 (24%) 2007 FIM trials and 12 of the 34 (35%) 2015 FIM trials used unexplained allometric scaling. Pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters were measured in 15 of the 21 (71%) 2007 FIM trials and in 31 of the 34 (91%) of the 2015 FIM trials, and allometric scaling was only guided by safety/tolerability in 11 of the 20 (55%) dose escalation trials in 2007 and in nine of the 33 (27%) dose escalation trials in 2015.ConclusionsTrial protocols and investigator's brochures commonly lack pharmacokinetic/PD approaches. Investigators, sponsors and IRBs should require an upfront consideration of pharmacology in these aspects for all FIM trials.
A prospectus for ethical analysis of ageing individuals' responsibility to prevent cognitive decline
Authors: Forlini Cynthia , Hall Wayne 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAs the world's population ages, governments and non‐governmental organizations in developed countries are promoting healthy cognitive ageing to reduce the rate of age‐related cognitive decline and sustain economic productivity in an ageing workforce. Recommendations from the Productivity Commission (Australia), Dementia Australia, Government Office for Science (UK), Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues (USA), Institute of Medicine (USA), among others, are encouraging older adults to engage in mental, physical, and social activities. These lifestyle recommendations for healthy cognitive ageing are timely and well supported by scientific evidence but they make implicit normative judgments about the responsibility of ageing individuals to prevent cognitive decline. Ethical tensions arise when this individual responsibility collides with social and personal realities of ageing populations. First, we contextualize the priority given to healthy cognitive ageing within the current brain‐based medical and social discourses. Second, we explore the individual responsibility by examining the economic considerations, medical evidence and individual interests that relate to the priority given to healthy cognitive ageing. Third, we identify three key ethical challenges for policymakers seeking to implement lifestyle recommendations as an effective population‐level approach to healthy cognitive ageing. The result is a prospectus for future in‐depth analysis of ethical tensions that arise from current policy discussions of healthy cognitive ageing.
Toward personal and emotional connectivity in mobile higher education through asynchronous formative audio feedback
Authors: Rasi Päivi , Vuojärvi Hanna 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study aims to develop asynchronous formative audio feedback practices for mobile learning in higher education settings. The development was conducted in keeping with the principles of design‐based research. The research activities focused on an inter‐university online course, within which the use of instructor audio feedback was tested, analyzed and developed further. Participants in this study were students (n = 50) from four Finnish universities who enrolled in the 7‐week course. The teaching approach of the course could best be characterized as collaborative case‐based mobile learning. Furthermore, we employed a novel formative audio feedback practice that has been inspired by and follows the peer‐review practices employed by scientific journals. In particular, we wanted to find out how students experienced the use of audio feedback in terms of utility, emotional support and learning. Research data was gathered through a questionnaire to the course students, transcribed audio feedback provided for the students and students' performance results. The study indicates that the novel formative audio feedback practice was successful in promoting the emotional engagement of students and personal connectivity between students and instructors. Furthermore, the audio feedback proved effective in terms of assignment revisions, and also in terms of students' self‐reports of the meaning of the audio feedback for learning. The majority of students welcomed the audio feedback, and also expressed a wish for the integrated use of text and audio. Therefore, in future implementations, we will integrate the audio and written feedback.
Effects of the kinase inhibitor sorafenib on heart, muscle, liver and plasma metabolism in vivo using non‐targeted metabolomics analysis
Authors: Jensen Brian C , Parry Traci L , Huang Wei , Beak Ju Youn , Ilaiwy Amro , Bain James R , Newgard Christopher B , Muehlbauer Michael J , Patterson Cam , Johnson Gary L , Willis Monte S 
Published: October 2017

Background and PurposeThe human kinome consists of roughly 500 kinases, including 150 that have been proposed as therapeutic targets. Protein kinases regulate an array of signalling pathways that control metabolism, cell cycle progression, cell death, differentiation and survival. It is not surprising, then, that new kinase inhibitors developed to treat cancer, including sorafenib, also exhibit cardiotoxicity. We hypothesized that sorafenib cardiotoxicity is related to its deleterious effects on specific cardiac metabolic pathways given the critical roles of protein kinases in cardiac metabolism.Experimental ApproachFVB/N mice (10 per group) were challenged with sorafenib or vehicle control daily for 2 weeks. Echocardiographic assessment of the heart identified systolic dysfunction consistent with cardiotoxicity in sorafenib‐treated mice compared to vehicle‐treated controls. Heart, skeletal muscle, liver and plasma were flash frozen and prepped for non‐targeted GC–MS metabolomics analysis.Key ResultsCompared to vehicle‐treated controls, sorafenib‐treated hearts exhibited significant alterations in 11 metabolites, including markedly altered taurine/hypotaurine metabolism (25‐fold enrichment), identified by pathway enrichment analysis.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese studies identified alterations in taurine/hypotaurine metabolism in the hearts and skeletal muscles of mice treated with sorafenib. Interventions that rescue or prevent these sorafenib‐induced changes, such as taurine supplementation, may be helpful in attenuating sorafenib‐induced cardiac injury.
Models for assessing local‐scale co‐abundance of animal species while accounting for differential detectability and varied responses to the environment
Authors: Brodie Jedediah F. , Helmy Olga E. , Mohd‐Azlan Jayasilan , Granados Alys , Bernard Henry , Giordano Anthony J. , Zipkin Elise 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe developed a new modeling framework to assess how the local abundance of one species influences the local abundance of a potential competitor while explicitly accounting for differential responses to environmental conditions. Our models also incorporate imperfect detection as well as abundance estimation error for both species. As a case study, we applied the model to four pairs of mammal species in Borneo, surveyed by extensive and spatially widespread camera trapping. We detected different responses to elevation gradients within civet, macaque, and muntjac deer species pairs. Muntjac and porcupine species varied in their response to terrain ruggedness, and the two muntjac responded different to river proximity. Bornean endemic species of civet and muntjac were more sensitive than their widespread counterparts to habitat disturbance (selective logging). Local abundance within several species pairs was positively correlated, but this is likely due to the species having similar responses to (unmodeled) environmental conditions or resources rather than representing facilitation. After accounting for environment and correcting for false absences in detection, negative correlations in local abundance appear rare in tropical mammals. Direct competition may be weak in these species, possibly because the ‘ghost of competition past’ or habitat filtering have already driven separation of the species in niche space. The analytical framework presented here could increase basic understanding of how ecological interactions shape patterns of abundance across the landscape for a range of taxa, and also provide a powerful tool for forecasting the impacts of global change.
Dust mite induces multiple polar T cell axes in human skin
Authors: Malik K. , Ungar B. , Garcet S. , Dutt R. , Dickstein D. , Zheng X. , Xu H. , Estrada Y. D. , Suárez‐Fariñas M. , Shemer A. , Krueger J. G. , Guttman‐Yassky E. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundHouse dust mite/HDM atopy patch test/APT elicits positive reactions in a high fraction of atopic dermatitis/AD and healthy individuals. Experimental systems for new‐onset/chronic AD are needed to support rapid therapeutic development, particularly since animal models representing human AD are lacking. While HDM APT has been considered to simulate AD, its suitability to model AD's emerging Th2/Th22 phenotype with Th1 and Th17 components is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess whether HDM APT reproduces AD.MethodsPositive HDM APTs (n = 15) from patients with and without AD were evaluated, using genomic and immunohistochemistry studies, against intrapersonal control skin.ResultsAPT lesions showed higher T cell and dendritic cell infiltrates vs. controls. Seven hundred and forty‐three up‐ and 326 downregulated genes were differentially expressed in HDM APT (fold change >2 and false discovery rate < 0.05), with increased expression of Th2, Th9, Th17/Th22 polar cytokines (i.e. IL‐5, IL‐13, IL‐9, IL‐17, IL‐22).ConclusionWhile HDM caused significant Th2 skewing, it also illustrated differences in Th2 induction and barrier defects; thus, HDM APT does not fully simulate AD. Given its widespread availability and sensitization rates, HDM may potentially be a useful tool that represents select aspects of AD, psoriasis, or contact dermatitis.
A comparison of TRECs and flow cytometry for naive T cell quantification
Authors: Adams S P , Kricke S , Ralph E , Gilmour N , Gilmour K C 
Published: October 2017

SummaryAssessment of thymic output by measurement of naive T cells is carried out routinely in clinical diagnostic laboratories, predominantly using flow cytometry with a suitable panel of antibodies. Naive T cell measurements can also be made using molecular analyses to quantify T cell receptor excision circle (TRECs) levels in sorted cells from peripheral blood. In this study we have compared TRECs levels retrospectively with CD45RA+CD27+ T cells and also with CD45RA+CD31+ T cells in 134 patient samples at diagnosis or during follow-up. Both panels provide naive T cell measurements that have a strongly positive correlation with TRECs numbers and are suitable for use with enumerating naive T cell levels in a clinical laboratory.
Combining multiple biomarkers differentiates between active SJIA, SJIA-MAS and EBV-HLH
Authors: Weaver L K 
Published: October 2017

Summary
Cytokine storm syndromes are a clinically heterogeneous group of conditions resulting from a maladaptive host response to an inflammatory trigger. These syndromes lead to rapid progression of immune-mediated damage to healthy tissues resulting in life-threatening multi-system organ failure. Prompt recognition of disease and medical intervention to limit damage to healthy tissues is essential to prevent cytokine storm morbidity and mortality. However, the diagnosis of cytokine storm syndromes is challenging, given the clinical heterogeneity in disease presentations. Therefore, expeditious and readily available tests to diagnose disease and differentiate between the various types of cytokine storm syndromes are of clinical utility. The recently published work of Shimizu and colleagues brings us closer to making this a reality.
Disagreement in normative IGF‐I levels may lead to different clinical interpretations and GH dose adjustments in GH deficiency
Authors: Varewijck A.J. , van der Lely A.J. , Neggers S.J.C.M.M. , Hofland L.J. , Janssen J.A.M.J.L. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIntroduction and BackgroundNormative data for the iSYS IGF‐I assay have been published both in the VARIETE cohort and by Bidlingmaier et al.ObjectiveTo investigate whether normative data of the VARIETE cohort lead to differences in Z‐scores for total IGF‐I and clinical interpretation compared to normative data of Bidlingmaier et al.DesignWe used total IGF‐I values previously measured by the IDS‐iSYS assay in 102 GH‐deficient subjects before starting GH treatment and after 12 months of GH treatment. Z‐scores were calculated for all samples by using the normative data of the VARIETE cohort and by the normative data reported by Bidlingmaier et al.ResultBefore GH treatment, Z‐scores calculated by using the normative data of the VARIETE cohort were significantly lower than those calculated by the normative data of Bidlingmaier et al: −2.40 (−4.52 to +1.31) (mean [range]) vs. −1.41 (−3.14 to +1.76); P < .001). After 12 months of GH treatment, again the Z‐scores based on the normative data of the VARIETE cohort were significantly lower than those based on the normative data of Bidlingmaier et al: −0.65 (−4.32 to +2.79) vs 0.21 (−3.00 to +3.28); P < .001).ConclusionIGF‐I Z‐scores in 102 GH‐deficient subjects differed significantly when normative data from two different sources were used. In daily clinical practice, this would most likely have led to different clinical interpretations and GH dose adjustments.