bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tornado Frequency in the United States Related to Global Relative Angular Momentum
Authors: Gensini Vittorio A. , Marinaro Alan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Global relative angular momentum and the first time derivative are used to explain nearly an order of magnitude of the variability in 1994–2013 U.S. boreal spring tornado occurrence. When plotted in a phase space, the global wind oscillation (GWO) is obtained. This global index accounts for changes in the global budget of angular momentum through interactions of tropical convection anomalies and extratropical dynamics including the engagement of surface torques. It is shown herein that tornadoes are more likely to occur in low angular momentum base states and less likely to occur in high angular momentum base states. When excluding weak GWO days, a maximum average of 3.9 (E)F1+ tornadoes per day were found during phase 1. This decreases to a minimum of 0.9 (E)F1+ tornadoes per day during phase 5. Composite environmental analysis suggests that increases/decreases in tornado occurrence are closely associated with anomalies in tropospheric ingredients necessary for tornadic storms. In addition, tornado frequency days exceeding the 90th percentile are shown to be favored when the global relative angular momentum budget and first time derivative are negative (GWO phases 1 and 2), as are significant tornado events [(E)F2+]. Implications for using GWO as a predictor for tornado forecasting are also discussed.
Forewarned is Forearmed: Extended-Range Forecast Guidance of Recent Extreme Heat Events in Australia
Authors: Hudson D. , Marshall A. G. , Alves O. , Young G. , Jones D. , Watkins A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThere has been increasing demand in Australia for extended-range forecasts of extreme heat events. An assessment is made of the subseasonal experimental guidance provided by the Bureau of Meteorology’s seasonal prediction system, Predictive Ocean Atmosphere Model for Australia (POAMA, version 2), for the three most extreme heat events over Australia in 2013, which occurred in January, March, and September. The impacts of these events included devastating bushfires and damage to crops. The outlooks performed well for January and September, with forecasts indicating increased odds of top-decile maximum temperature over most affected areas at least one week in advance for the fortnightly averaged periods at the start of the heat waves and for forecasts of the months of January and September. The March event was more localized, affecting southern Australia. Although the anomalously high sea surface temperature around southern Australia in March (a potential source of predictability) was correctly forecast, the forecast of high temperatures over the mainland was restricted to the coastline. September was associated with strong forcing from some large-scale atmospheric climate drivers known to increase the chance of having more extreme temperatures over parts of Australia. POAMA-2 was able to forecast the sense of these drivers at least one week in advance, but their magnitude was weaker than observed. The reasonably good temperature forecasts for September are likely due to the model being able to forecast the important climate drivers and their teleconnection to Australian climate. This study adds to the growing evidence that there is significant potential to extend and augment traditional weather forecast guidance for extreme events to include longer-lead probabilistic information.
Assessing human-bat interactions around a protected area in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Rego Karlla Morganna da Costa , Zeppelini Caio Graco , Lopez Luiz Carlos Serramo , Alves Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Background
Bats are key components to the Neotropical forests. Unfortunately, their bad reputation is a major obstacle in their conservation as it creates fear and hostility towards them. Understanding this reputation acquired by bats and studying interactions between bats and humans has shown fundamental promise when creating strategies to forge a non-antagonistic coexistence between both parts and in the promotion of bat conservation in areas with ever-rising human occupation.

Methods
Ninety people were surveyed from three villages that were situated around a Biological Reserve in the state of Paraiba; located in Northern Brazil. The survey was completed using semi-structured interviews addressing villager’s knowledge of the biology and ecology of bats, their interactions with bats, potential medicinal uses, and their socioeconomic situation. Additionally, we sampled the bats that reside in or visit these villages.

Results
Bats were often considered harmful, dangerous and carriers of disease. Bats were often connected to hematophagia, as well. The respondents believe that impacts such as the deforestation are forcing bats into urban environments. With this research, we were able to register one of the few records of bats in popular medicine in Brazil.

Conclusion
The folklore and superstition surrounding bats can form an obstacle that affects their conservation. Environmental education is an important step in order to create a harmonious coexistence between humans and bats and to mitigate the impending conflicts between humanity and nature.
Emerging roles of PtdIns(4,5)P2 – beyond the plasma membrane
Authors: Tan Xiaojun , Thapa Narendra , Choi Suyong , Anderson Richard A. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Phosphoinositides are a collection of lipid messengers that regulate most subcellular processes. Amongst the seven phosphoinositide species, the roles for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] at the plasma membrane, such as in endocytosis, exocytosis, actin polymerization and focal adhesion assembly, have been extensively studied. Recent studies have argued for the existence of PtdIns(4,5)P2 at multiple intracellular compartments, including the nucleus, endosomes, lysosomes, autolysosomes, autophagic precursor membranes, ER, mitochondria and the Golgi complex. Although the generation, regulation and functions of PtdIns(4,5)P2 are less well-defined in most other intracellular compartments, accumulating evidence demonstrates crucial roles for PtdIns(4,5)P2 in endolysosomal trafficking, endosomal recycling, as well as autophagosomal pathways, which are the focus of this Commentary. We summarize and discuss how phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases, PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(4,5)P2-effectors regulate these intracellular protein and membrane trafficking events.
A three-dimensional model of the human blood-brain barrier to analyse the transport of nanoparticles and astrocyte/endothelial interactions
Authors: Sreekanthreddy Peddagangannagari , Gromnicova Radka , Davies Heather , Phillips James , Romero Ignacio A. , Male David 
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) model of the human blood-brain barrier in vitro, which mimics the cellular architecture of the CNS and could be used to analyse the delivery of nanoparticles to cells of the CNS. The model includes human astrocytes set in a collagen gel, which is overlaid by a monolayer of human brain endothelium (hCMEC/D3 cell line). The model was characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. A collagenase digestion method could recover the two cell types separately at 92-96% purity. Astrocytes grown in the gel matrix do not divide and they have reduced expression of aquaporin-4 and the endothelin receptor, type B compared to two-dimensional cultures, but maintain their expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein. The effects of conditioned media from these astrocytes on the barrier phenotype of the endothelium was compared with media from astrocytes grown conventionally on a two-dimensional (2D) substratum. Both induce the expression of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and claudin-5 in hCMEC/D3 cells, but there was no difference between the induced expression levels by the two media. The model has been used to assess the transport of glucose-coated 4nm gold nanoparticles and for leukocyte migration. TEM was used to trace and quantitate the movement of the nanoparticles across the endothelium and into the astrocytes. This blood-brain barrier model is very suitable for assessing delivery of nanoparticles and larger biomolecules to cells of the CNS, following transport across the endothelium.
Hydro-Physical Properties of Soil Treated with Rice Straw-Based Hydrogels
Authors: El-Hady Omar A. , Basta Altaf H. , El-Saied Houssni , Shaaban Said M. 
Published: November 2015

The Present work deals with evaluating rice straw (RS)-based hydrogels, as conditioners for improving the hydro-physical properties of sandy calcareous soils. In this respect, some hydro-physical properties of the soil were examined at the end of three successive growing seasons. Completely randomized field experiments, with three replications for each treatment, were conducted at El-Saff-Giza Governorate, Egypt (summer season 2010 using tomatoes v. cusstle rock, winter season 2010-2011 using wheat v. Seds 1 intercropped with onion v. Giza 20, and summer season 2011 using caw pea v. Bafb as indicator crops), The results obtained show that, applying the RS-based hydrogels provides: (a) Improving in soil structure, which was expressed by water stable structural units (> 0.25 mm in diameter), structural coefficient, dry stable structural units (> 0.84 mm in diameter) and wind erosion parameters. This improvement indicates the high resistance of the soil against both wind and water erosion, as well as destruction of the soil by tillage operations. Moreover, it leads to decrease soil bulk density and macroporosity (drainage pores) on the expense of micro ones. Therefore, water holding pores (the retained moisture in the soil) were increased. Increasing the retained moisture in the soil was noticed at all suctions under study (from 0-15atm). (B) Decreasing the mean diameter of soil pores and in turn its water transmitting properties, namely hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity for vertical flow of water through soil profile. (C) Doubling the rate of applied hydrogels from 2gkg-1 to 4gkg-1 soil leads to great improvement in hydro-physical properties of soil, whereas applying the later rate of hydrogel provides improvement in moisture retention of the treated soil to become over than the requirements of the growing plants. Also, it has adverse effect on the aeration of the root zone as a result of increasing the soil micro-porosity on the expense of its macro ones. Therefore, 2g hydrogel kg-1 soils is recommended dose to get use the RS-hydrogels as benefit soil conditioner, without adverse effects on growth, water and fertilizers efficiency by plants.
Continuity properties of solutions to the p-Laplace system
Authors: Alberico Angela , Cianchi Andrea , Sbordone Carlo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA sharp integrability condition on the right-hand side of the p-Laplace system for all its solutions to be continuous is exhibited. Their uniform continuity is also analyzed and estimates for their modulus of continuity are provided. The relevant estimates are shown to be optimal as the right-hand side ranges in classes of rearrangement-invariant spaces, such as Lebesgue, Lorentz, Lorentz–Zygmund, and Marcinkiewicz spaces, as well as some customary Orlicz spaces.
Screening immunofixation should replace protein electrophoresis as the initial investigation of monoclonal gammopathy: Point
Authors: Pretorius Carel J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe reliable detection of paraprotein in serum and urine is the primary purpose of electrophoretic procedures in clinical laboratories. Screening immunofixation electrophoresis (sIFE) employs a single application of antisera directed against heavy and light chains that facilitates the detection of paraproteins that migrate in the non-γ region or that are below the detection limit of protein electrophoresis. These paraproteins that are missed by routine electrophoresis occur in up to 27.3% of newly investigated and 13.6% of monitored patients. Small paraproteins missed by conventional electrophoretic techniques are clinically important in the diagnosis and monitoring of malignant plasma and B-cell disorders. The superior diagnostic performance of sIFE makes it suitable as the initial laboratory procedure to investigate paraproteins in complex serum and urine matrices.
Corrigendum to: Algebraic supergroups of Cartan type
Authors: Gavarini Fabio 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this note I fix a mistake in my previous paper [5]:
namely, the result concerning the uniqueness (up to isomorphisms) of such supergroups needs a new formulation and proof. By the same occasion, I explain more in detail the existence result which comes out of the construction of Chevalley supergroups.
Model of Reactive Transport within a Light Photocatalytic Textile
Authors: Robin Degrave , Arnaud Cockx , Philippe Schmitz 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper deals with the 3D-modeling of the reactive transport within a light photocatalytic textile used to decontaminate industrial effluents. The model consists of the coupling of fluid flow governing equations, species convection diffusion equations and a heterogeneous reaction equation. It is solved numerically on a Representative Volume Element (RVE) of the textile, i.e. at the microscopic scale regarding the industrial photocatalytic reactor using Comsol Multiphysics software. In a preliminary approach, the reactive transport model was first applied in a 2D simple geometry to verify its accuracy in terms of mass balance of the species. Then successive simulations using pseudo-periodic boundary conditions were performed in the RVE and the depollution efficiency along the textile length is analysed in terms of pollutant concentration. A sensitivity analysis was done to reveal the relative importance of the kinetic and hydrodynamic parameters in prediction of pollutant concentration fields in the RVE. It was found that a high adsorption rate associated with a low permeable fabric maximizes the amount of treated fluid. Finally the performances of a typical reactor composed of a stack of textiles were investigated. Results show a significant improvement of depollution efficiency of this particular configuration compared to single textiles in parallel.
Numerical Solutions for Groundwater Flow in Unsaturated Layered Soil with Extreme Physical Property Contrasts
Authors: Liu Chih-Yu , Ku Cheng-Yu , Huang Chi-Chao , Lin Der-Guey , Yeih Wei-Chung 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this paper, the numerical solutions for groundwater flow in unsaturated layered soil using the Richards equation are presented. A linearisation process for the nonlinear Richards equation to deal with groundwater flow in unsaturated layered soil is derived. To solve one-dimensional flow in the unsaturated zone of layered soil profiles, flux conservation and the continuity of pressure potential at the interface between two consecutive layers are considered in the numerical model. In addition, a novel method, named the dynamical Jacobian-inverse free method, incorporated with a two-side equilibration algorithm for solving ill-conditioned systems with extreme contrasts in hydraulic conductivity is proposed. The validity of the model is established in numerous test problems by comparing the numerical results with the analytical solutions. The results show that the proposed method can improve convergence and numerical stability for solving groundwater flow in unsaturated layered soil with extreme contrasts in hydraulic conductivity.
Why expressive suppression does not pay? Cognitive costs of negative emotion suppression: The mediating role of subjective tense-arousal
Authors: Szczygieł Dorota , Maruszewski Tomasz 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The aim of this paper was to contribute to a broader understanding of the cognitive consequences of expressive suppression. Specifically, we examined whether the deteriorating effect of expressive suppression on cognitive functioning is caused by tense arousal enhanced by suppression. Two experiments were performed in order to test this prediction. In both studies we tested the effect of expressive suppression on working memory, as measured with a backwards digit-span task (Study 1, N = 43) and anagram problem-solving task (Study 2, N = 60). In addition, in Study 2 we tested whether expressive suppression degrades memory of the events that emerged during the period of expressive suppression. Both studies were conducted in a similar design: Participants watched a film clip which evoked negative emotions (i.e. disgust in Study 1 and a combination of sadness and anxiety in Study 2) under the instruction to suppress those negative emotions or (in the control condition) to simply watch the film. The results of these experiments lead to three conclusions. First, the results reveal that expressive suppression degrades memory of the events that emerged during the period of expressive suppression and leads to poorer performance on working memory tasks, as measured with a backwards digit-span task and anagram problem-solving task. Second, the results indicate that expressive suppression leads to a significant increase in subjective tense arousal. Third, the results support our prediction that expressive suppression decreases cognitive performance through its effects on subjective tense arousal. The results of the Study 1 show that tense arousal activated during expressive suppression of disgust fully mediates the negative effect of suppression on working memory as measured with a backwards digit-span task. The results of Study 2 reveal that subjective tense arousal elicited while suppressing sadness and anxiety mediates both the effect of suppression on working memory - as measured with the anagram task - and memory of the events that occurred during the period of suppression.
The effect of emotions, promotion vs. prevention focus, and feedback on cognitive engagement
Authors: Wytykowska Agata , Gabińska Anna 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to explore the role of emotions, promotion-prevention orientation and feedback on cognitive engagement. In the experiment participants had the possibility to engage in a categorization task thrice. After the first categorization all participants were informed that around 75% of their answers were correct. After the second categorization, depending on the experimental condition, participants received feedback either about success or failure. Involvement in the third categorization was depended on participants’ decision whether to take part in it or not. Each time, before and after categorization, the emotional state was assessed. Results showed that promotion orientation predicted experiencing curiosity before the task, which in turn led to a higher cognitive engagement in the first categorization. Promotion and prevention orientation moderated the type of emotional response to positive feedback. Promotion orientation also predicted cognitive engagement after the feedback of success was provided. Generally results confirmed the positive effect of positive emotions as well as promotion orientation on cognitive engagement.
The psycholinguistic world of “zdziwienie” - “astonishment” and “zaskoczenie” - “surprise”
Authors: Jasielska Aleksandra 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The aim of the study was to answer the question whether the words “zaskoczenie” [phon. zaskɔˈʧ̑ɛ̃ɲɛ]- “surprise” and “zdziwienie” [phon. ʑʥ̑iˈvjɛ̇̃ɲɛ]- “astonishment”, which are treated in the Polish language as synonyms, possess a fixed pattern of application, and whether the colloquial context of using these words differs in terms of its emotional valence. The theoretical background for this investigation was the triadic approach to language cognition that includes perception, conceptualization and symbolization, and corresponding to this approach concept of mental representation of emotions. The obtained results have shown that people tend to use the word “zaskoczenie” to describe emotions that occur in positive situations, whereas the word “zdziwienie” is more frequently applied in negative situations. The observed emotive connotation of the investigated words has been explained by the rules of phonetic symbolism and implicative meaning of the words preserved in the popular/colloquial understanding.
Can recycling compensate for speeding on highways? Similarity and difficulty of behaviors as key characteristics of green compensatory beliefs
Authors: Byrka Katarzyna , Kaminska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
People believe that the effects of unecological behaviors may be compensated for by engaging in alternative conservation activities. The problem is, however, that those who hold such beliefs are less likely to engage in real behaviors. Understanding the structure of compensatory beliefs could potentially minimize this negative effect. In a pair of studies (qualitative and quantitative) we explored two aspects that appear key for compensatory beliefs 1) the similarity and 2) the relative difficulty of behaviors. We found that people spontaneously proposed compensatory behaviors which belonged to the same pro-ecological domain as the corresponding initial behaviors (Study 1). However, participants in the quantitative study agreed more often that they should compensate for one behavior with another when both behaviors belonged to the same cognitive category and simultaneously the compensatory behavior was relatively less demanding than the initial one (Study 2).
Buckling and layer failure of composite laminated cylinders subjected to hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Shen Ke Chun , Pan Guang , Lu JiangFeng 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The buckling and layer failure characteristics of composite laminated cylinders subjected to hydrostatic pressure were investigated through finite element analysis for underwater vehicle application. The Tsai-Wu failure criteria were used as the failure criteria for the buckling analysis. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to research the influence of the number of elements on the critical buckling pressure. ANSYS, a finite element program, successfully predicted the buckling pressure with 5.3–27.8% (linear) and 0.3–22.5% (nonlinear) deviation from experimental results. The analysis results showed that the cylinders can carry more pressure after a slight decrease in pressure and recovery of the supporting load. For layer failure analysis, it was found that the failure that occurred in the 0° layer was more serious than that in the 90° layer within the neighboring layers at the inner layers (nos. 1–7) and outer layers (nos. 8–24).
One-step preparation and characterization of core-shell SiO2/Ag composite spheres by pulse plating
Authors: Xiong Li , Huang Xiangping , Liu Ya , Pan Liqing 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A simple method of one-step pulse plating was used in the fabrication of core-shell SiO2/Ag composite spheres. Structural characteristics and morphologies of the prepared SiO2/Ag composite spheres are characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy. The Ag shell is uniformly coated on the surface of SiO2 spheres with the thickness of about 20 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum has revealed that PL of the core-shell samples is much stronger than that of bare SiO2 spheres. Raman spectrometer measurements show that the SiO2/Ag composite spheres have excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering performance. In addition, the current-voltage characteristic of SiO2/Ag composite spheres has improved at the same time.