bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Loss of TCR Repertoire Diversity in Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Wong Gabriel K. , Millar David , Penny Sarah , Heather James M. , Mistry Punam , Buettner Nico , Bryon Jane , Huissoon Aarnoud P. , Cobbold Mark 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Although common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) has long been considered as a group of primary Ab deficiencies, growing experimental data now suggest a global disruption of the entire adaptive immune response in a segment of patients. Oligoclonality of the TCR repertoire was previously demonstrated; however, the manner in which it relates to other B cell and T cell findings reported in CVID remains unclear. Using a combination approach of high-throughput TCRβ sequencing and multiparametric flow cytometry, we compared the TCR repertoire diversity between various subgroups of CVID patients according to their B cell immunophenotypes. Our data suggest that the reduction in repertoire diversity is predominantly restricted to those patients with severely reduced class-switched memory B cells and an elevated level of CD21lo B cells (Freiburg 1a), and may be driven by a reduced number of naive T cells unmasking underlying memory clonality. Moreover, our data indicate that this loss in repertoire diversity progresses with advancing age far exceeding the expected physiological rate. Radiological evidence supports the loss in thymic volume, correlating with the decrease in repertoire diversity. Evidence now suggests that primary thymic failure along with other well-described B cell abnormalities play an important role in the pathophysiology in Freiburg group 1a patients. Clinically, our findings emphasize the integration of combined B and T cell testing to identify those patients at the greatest risk for infection. Future work should focus on investigating the link between thymic failure and the severe reduction in class-switched memory B cells, while gathering longitudinal laboratory data to examine the progressive nature of the disease.
Gynecological cancers: A summary of published Indian data
Authors: Maheshwari Amita , Kumar Neha , Mahantshetty Umesh 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGynecological cancers are among the most common cancers in women and hence an important public health issue. Due to the lack of cancer awareness, variable pathology, and dearth of proper screening facilities in developing countries such as India, most women report at advanced stages, adversely affecting the prognosis and clinical outcomes. Ovarian cancer has emerged as one of the most common malignancies affecting women in India and has shown an increase in the incidence rates over the years. Although cervical cancer is on a declining trend, it remains the second most common cancer in women after breast cancer. Many researchers in India have published important data in the field of gynecologic oncology, covering all domains such as basic sciences, preventive oncology, pathology, radiological imaging, and clinical outcomes. This work has given us an insight into the in-depth understanding of these cancers as well as the demographics and survival rates in the Indian population. This aim of this review is to discuss the important studies done in India for all gynecological cancers.
Genitourinary cancers: Summary of Indian data
Authors: Yuvaraja T. B. , Waigankar Santosh , Bakshi Ganesh , Prakash Gagan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTumors of the genitourinary system are one of the most common tumors encountered in clinical practice. The associated morbidity and mortality and the significant proportion of affected middle-age individuals have a major bearing on the death-adjusted life years compared to other malignancies. Genitourinary system tumors encompass a very broad spectrum with regard to age, location, histology, and clinical outcomes. Advances in diagnostic imaging, surgical techniques, radiotherapy equipment, and generation of newer chemotherapeutic and targeted agents over the past few years have helped improving treatment outcome. Several focused groups within India have been working on a range of topics related to genitourinary system tumors, and a significant body of work from India in the recent years is being increasingly recognized throughout the world. The present article summarizes the key published work related to the epidemiology of genitourinary system tumors in the Indian setting. A PubMed search was made for locating and selecting articles relevant to the topic.
Acute leukemia in children: A review of the current Indian data
Authors: Arora Ramandeep Singh , Arora Brijesh 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAcute leukemias are the most common diagnostic group of childhood cancer. This review summarizes the published literature on reported current outcomes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from India. Overall survival in ALL ranged from 45% to 81% (commonly >60%) and event-free survival ranged from 41% to 70% (commonly >50%). Outcome data for AML was patchy with varying duration of follow-up, but it can be inferred that 50-80% of treated patients had experienced an event (toxic death, refractory disease or relapse). It is imperative that going forward focus should be on collaborative efforts, which promote treatment of patients on risk-stratified adapted protocols based on local infrastructure, improvement in supportive care and encourage prospective multi-center clinical trials.
Photosynthesis response by phytoplankton to sunlight variability1
Authors: Marra John , Heinemann Kristina 
Published: August 2016

Photosynthetic oxygen evolution and solar irradiance have been measured for phytoplankton cultures kept in a south‐facing window greenhouse. Sunrise‐sunset periods are considered; measurement and analytical techniques allow examination of a frequency range of ≈w0.2–3 cy · h−1, and, in one instance, up to 10 cy · h−1.On sunny days there are morning maxima and afternoon depressions in photosynthesis. Photosynthesis closely tracks irradiance on cloudy and variable days. Cross‐spectral analysis of data from variable days shows that photosynthesis responds to changes in irradiance (at 1–10 cy · h−1) rather than integrating past irradiance values. A physiological explanation suggested for this behavior concerns the redox characteristics of electron carriers involved in noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport. The ecological significance of the time‐dependent behavior of photosynthesis is that it compensates for the heterogeneous and uncertain light environment experienced by phytoplankton.
Interrater Reliability of the Revised Cognitive Performance Test (CPT): Assessing Cognition in People With Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Schaber Patricia , Stallings Emily , Brogan Collette , Ali Fouzia 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The rigor of occupation-based standardized assessments that rely on observational scoring procedures depends on proven reliability among test administrators. This study measured interrater reliability of the Cognitive Performance Test (CPT), a standardized, occupation-based assessment that measures cognitive–functional capacity in older adults with neurocognitive disorders. To capture a range of experience among test administrators, two sets of raters—four expert and three novice—scored video recordings of 10 patients administered the CPT. Interrater reliability results were strong among all raters (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = .93), with expert raters (ICC = .97) yielding higher coefficients than novice raters (ICC = .93). Spearman’s ρ correlation coefficients were high among all raters (rs = .92–1.00). Practitioners can be confident that results of the CPT give accurate and consistent information to the health care team, family members, and patients when administered with fidelity using standardized protocols.
Prevalence of dry eye disease in autoimmune thyroid disease and the association of dry eye with clinical signs of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy: observational, noncomparative, cross-sectional study
Authors: Tirakunwichcha Suppapong , Lerdchanapornchai Vipavee , Reinprayoon Usanee , Saonanon Preamjit , Snabboon Thiti 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a risk factor for dry eye disease. The prevalence of dry eye in AITD is not definitely known.

Objectives
To determine the prevalence of dry eye in AITD and its association with clinical signs of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).

Methods
We enrolled a cross-section of 92 patients with AITD between May 1 and August 31, 2013. All were examined to establish thyroid eye signs, and severity was classified as none, mild, and moderate-severe according to the European Group on Graves’ orbitopathy. Dry eye disease was verified using an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer test, and ocular surface fluorescein staining. Features of meibomian glands were inspected. This observational study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.in.th, No. TCTR20130713001.

Results
The prevalence of dry eye in AITD was 27% by OSDI questionnaire (95% confidence interval (CI), 16%-34%); 96% (95% CI, 93%-99%) by TBUT; 69% (95% CI, 62%-75%) by ocular surface staining; and 18% (95% CI, 12%-23%) using a Schirmer test, which associated dry eye and proptosis with an odds ratio (OR) of 9.3 (95% CI, 1.2-70.6, P = 0.031), and lagophthalmos by ocular surface staining with an OR of 5.8 (95% CI, 1.2-27.7, P = 0.026). Dry eye in patients with or without clinical signs of TAO was not significantly different.

Conclusions
The prevalence of dry eye varied by criteria, but was not different in AITD patients with or without TAO. Proptosis and lagophthalmos were associated more strongly with dry eye disease in AITD with TAO, than without.
Using the Asset-Building Model of Development in Teaching the Politics of Community Development in Appalachia
Authors: Hatcher William 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This teaching note discusses an undergraduate course on the politics of community development in Appalachia. The course teaches students that the economic issues facing Appalachia are the product of not only economics but also social and political factors. The goal of the course is to teach students the role that community development can play in the region. For the purposes of the course, community development is defined as the bettering of a community’s social, political, and economic assets (Green and Haines 2015). The course’s exploration of development in Appalachia is guided by this asset-building definition of community development. Throughout the semester, a focus is placed on how governments and non-profits affect community development in Appalachia.
Identifying and Evaluating the Criteria's Affecting of Customer ExperienceUsing Fuzzy Dematel Approach (Case Study: Branches of Bank Melli in Tehran)
Authors: Aghaei Mohammad , Anoushehi Reza 
Published: August 2016

Customer experience is one of the most important factors that maintains the customer for banks and turns him into a loyal customer in the competitive marketplace conditions. This concept includes any type of interaction, feelings, perceptions, reactions, thoughts and other related cases from customers about the organization especially in the circumstance of service organization. In this study, 7 factors were identified as key determinants or constructs in the customer experience that according to the methodology of use the technique of fuzzy dematel, the most influential factor is the diversity of services and facilities provided in the bank. Other affecting factors include staff and managers of banks dealing with customers and quickness and easiness of using the bank's services. The factors that are affected are the communication system with the customers in the bank, services environment in bank and advertising as well as the bank's reputation. According to the results, the most influential factor in the customer experience of the bank services is in fact the diversity of services and facilities provided by the bank and how the bank directors and staff deal with customers indicating that for customers the main services of bank and how the staff deal with them is very important and these two factors should be focused to increase better experience of customers.
Components of School-Based Management in the Educational Systems of Several Countries
Authors: Fallahi Kewmars , Matin Nematallah 
Published: August 2016

Manage school axis, as one of the Strategies of reform of education in the educational systems are in this solution wanted very much to the requests provides and decisions to the school for raising the level of education shown, experience of the school education axis, suggest this point is that what decisions to different levels of the school are close to access to society to attend enthusiastically with quality, guarantee more and the participation of people in the administration of schools in the framework of the policies of training adults national increase,. In the educational system school axis, passing through the administrative focus on the delete lack of concentration, subject to submission provides more from the center to the local and strategy more forward-thinking than simply hoping for programming textbooks based on local needs and participation of teachers and even students in the decisions related to school. In this check the chief aim" comparative compared solutions to manage school axis in the systems of different educational “It is using the method of descriptive name "Adapting the structure of the educational systems of the school of "and "comparison pivotal school" and "study of the schools in the system of training 30 countries of the world".
Bone lesions in Chinese POEMS syndrome patients: imaging characteristics and clinical implications
Authors: Wang Fengdan , Huang Xufei , Zhang Yan , Li Jian , Zhou Daobin , Jin Zhengyu 
Published: August 2016

Objective.Bone lesion is crucial for diagnosing and management of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein, and skin change (POEMS) syndrome, a rare plasma cell disorder. This study is to compare the effectiveness of X-ray skeletal survey (SS) and computed tomography (CT) for detecting bone lesions in Chinese POEMS syndrome patients, and to investigate the relationship between bone lesion features and serum markers.Methods.SS and chest/abdomen/pelvic CT images of 38 Chinese patients (26 males, 12 females, aged 21–70 years) with POEMS syndrome recruited at our medical center between January 2013 and January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Bone lesions identified by CT were further categorized according to the size (<5 mm, 5–10 mm, >10 mm) and appearance (osteosclerotic, lytic, mixed). The percentage of plasma cells in bone marrow smears, type of immunoglobulin, platelet (Plt), and levels of serum bone metabolic markers and inflammatory factors including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), beta-isomerized C-telopeptide (β-CTx), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were also recorded.Results.Of the 38 POEMS syndrome patients, the immunoglobulin heavy chain isotypes were IgA in 25 patients (65.8%; 25/38) and IgG in 13 patients (34.2%; 13/38), and the light chain isotypes wereλin 35 patients (92.1%; 35/38) andκin 3 patients (7.9%; 3/38). There were 23 patients with thrombocytosis. More patients with bone lesions were detected by CT than by SS (97.4% vs. 86.8%). The most commonly affected location was the pelvis (89.5%), followed by the spine, clavicle/scapula/sternum/ribs, skull, and long bones. Of the 38 POEMS syndrome patients, 35 (94.6%) had osteosclerotic and 32 (86.5%) had mixed lesions. Osteosclerotic lesions were typically scattered, variable in size, and plaque-like, whereas mixed lesions were pouch-shaped or soup bubble-like with a clear sclerotic margin and were generally larger. Although the majority of bone lesions were small in size, 23 (62.2%) had at least one lesion >10 mm. There was no correlation between serum marker levels and bone lesion patterns after Bonferroni correction (allP> 0.001).Conclusions.CT is more sensitive and accurate than SS in detecting bone lesions in POEMS syndrome.
Long-Term Use of Muscle Relaxant Medications for Chronic Pain
Authors: Oldfield Benjamin J. , Gleeson Brynna , Morford Kenneth L. , Adams Zoe , Funaro Melissa C. , Becker William C. , Merlin Jessica S. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceStricter opioid prescribing guidelines have increased prescriptions of skeletal muscle relaxants (SMRs) for chronic pain, but the efficacy of long-term use of SMRs for chronic pain is unknown.ObjectiveTo systematically review the effectiveness or efficacy of long-term use of SMRs for chronic pain.Evidence ReviewTwo reviewers systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane through December 4, 2023. They included articles published in English, Spanish, or Italian. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and cohort studies with comparator groups evaluating at least 1-month duration of SMRs for chronic pain were included. The reviewers dually reviewed data abstraction, risk-of-bias, and quality. They characterized studies by chronic pain syndrome: low back pain, fibromyalgia, headaches, painful cramps or spasticity, and other syndromes.FindingsA total of 30 RCTs with 1314 participants and 14 cohort studies with 1168 participants assessed SMRs for chronic pain. Studies were primarily short-term (4-6 weeks). Nine unique SMRs were represented by the studies identified. Eleven studies (25%) examined baclofen, 8 (18%) examined tizanidine, and 7 (16%) examined cyclobenzaprine. Evidence for effectiveness was strongest for SMRs used for trigeminal neuralgia, neck pain, and painful cramps; evidence suggested SMRs for fibromyalgia, low back pain, and other syndromes were not more beneficial than placebo. The most common adverse effects were sedation and dry mouth. RCTs had a low to moderate risk of bias, and the quality of cohort studies was fair to good.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review of long-term use of SMRs for chronic pain, findings suggest that their long-term use may benefit patients with painful spasms or cramps and neck pain; their long-term use for low back pain, fibromyalgia, and headaches did not appear to be beneficial. Clinicians should be vigilant for adverse effects and consider deprescribing if pain-related goals are not met.
Industry needs matter—Incorporating stakeholder interests in the selection of flower resources to support pollinators
Authors: Samnegård Ulrika , Jones Jeremy , Santos Karen C. B. S. , Goodwin Emma , Rocchetti Maurizio , Rader Romina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Most pollinator policy initiatives are focused on habitat restoration and increasing the availability of floral resources, yet the choice of plant species is not always compatible with farming system cultivation and management needs.

In this paper, we developed a framework for selecting plants to specifically meet stakeholder needs. We trialled 19 plant species and collected observational data on plant‐insect visitors, plant survival in the orchard environment and potential risks to crops and the environment. We used this framework to identify plants suitable to incorporate into blueberry cropping systems.

Practical implication: Our framework ensured plant choice based on informed decisions and allowed the selection of two plant species that aligned well with industry needs. Different plants may be optimal for different conservation aims, hence plants selected need ideally to be evaluated for their use by the flower‐visiting taxa, as well as align with industry growing practices and needs.
Efficient and Stable Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Effective Hydrolysis of Dichloride
Authors: Zhou Xin , Ren Zhenwei , Zheng Zhiyong , Luo Chengzhao , Chen Hua , Peng Huanxi , Hu Bin , Chen Yu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite the substantial progress in sky‐blue (480−495 nm) perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), the pure‐blue PeLEDs (<480 nm) merely show moderate performances. As a straightforward and effective facile way to obtain pure‐blue emission, the bromide‐chloride mixed perovskites have received considerable attention. However, the tricky issue of halide migration in the mixed halide perovskites makes a tough challenge to achieve efficient PeLEDs with stable electroluminescence (EL) spectra. Herein, the in situ treatment of Cl‐rich benzene phosphorus oxydichloride (BPOD) is proposed to achieve high‐quality pure‐blue perovskites by simultaneously enlarging the perovskite bandgap, passivating the halide vacancy defects, and immobilizing the halide ions through the hydrolysis products of chloride ions and phenylphosphonic acid. As a result, highly‐performed pure‐blue PeLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 9.3% at 477 nm, an impressive lifetime of 34.7 min at 104 cd m−2, and very stable EL spectra are achieved, which are superior to the conventional mixed halide PeLEDs based on lead‐chloride precursor, representing one of the best performances for mixed halide pure‐blue PeLEDs. Therefore, this work contributes a feasible and effective method for efficient and stable pure‐blue PeLEDs.
Extended Surface Bands Enabled Lasing Emission and Wavelength Switch from Sulfur Quantum Dots
Authors: Xiao Lian , Duan Rui , Zhou Xuehong , Liu Sihang , Du Quanchao , Ren Tianhua , Yeow Edwin Kok Lee , Ta Van Duong , Huang Yi , Sun Handong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe development of a lasing wavelength switch, particularly from a single inorganic gain material, is challenging but highly demanded for advanced photonics. Nonetheless, all current lasing emission of inorganic gain materials arises from band‐edge states, and the inherent fixed bandgap limitation of the band‐edge system leads to the inaccessibility of lasing wavelength switching from a single inorganic gain material. Here the realization of a single inorganic gain material‐based lasing wavelength switch is reported by proposing an alternative lasing emission strategy, that is, lasing emission from surface gain. Previous efforts to achieve surface‐gain‐enabled lasing emission have been hindered by the limited gain volume provided by surface states due to the broad emission bandwidth and/or low emission efficiency. This challenge is overcome by introducing extended surface bands onto the surface of sulfur quantum dots. The extended surface bands contribute to a high photoluminescence quantum yield and narrow emission bandwidth, thereby providing sufficient gain volume and facilitating stimulated emission. When combined with whispering gallery mode microcavity, surface gain enabled lasing emission manifests an ultralow threshold of 8.3 µJ cm−2. Remarkably, the reconfigurable perturbation to surface gain, facilitated by molecular affinity, allows for the realization of the lasing wavelength switch from a single inorganic gain material.