bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Education in Western Australian Secondary Schools
Authors: Ross William 
Published: July 2016

This paper reports on research carried out to investigate the extent of environmental education in Western Australian secondary schools. The research found: a high level of support for environmental education amongst teachers, that environmental education was being pursued to some extent in all responding schools, that there existed areas of neglect which were often politically controversial and divisive contemporary issues, and that city schools were generally more involved in environmental education than country schools and public schools more than private schools.Barriers to the further implementation of environmental education in schools are identified and recommandations made to improve the availability and standard of environmental education in Western Australian secondary schools.
The Environmentally Educating Teacher: Synthesis of an Implementation Theory for Pre-service Courses
Authors: Scott Bill 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper sets out to establish a tentative implementation theory which can inform the work of teacher educators working with novice (student) teachers in their initial professional development related to environmental education. The paper begins with an exploration of the problem of how to encapsulate environmental education within pre-service programs by looking at attempts over the years to encourage and stimulate the professional development of the environmentally educated teacher through pre-service programs. The paper then reports on research carried out by the method of deliberative inquiry which examined the work of two environmental education initiatives: the OECD-funded ENSI project, a co-operative curriculum development program based in primary and secondary schools; and the European Union-funded EEITE program, a development initiative based in universities offering pre-service courses in eleven European Union member states. The paper discusses how ENSI'S aims and guiding principles and EEITE'S organizing principles, key elements and program characteristics were considered and a tentative implementation theory established. This theory, it is argued, constitutes a criterial framework of process skills and values which can inform and guide the inclusion of environmental education within pre-service teacher education programs. The paper ends with a call for a critique of the theory presented.
Social ecology and environmental education
Authors: Hutton Drew 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA world view is emerging in areas like peace education, environmental education, justice education and development education which cannot be understood simply by applying old assumptions to these areas. This world view involves a different ethical framework, a different epistemology and a different way of functioning in order to achieve goals. I call this new world view social ecology, a philosophy which has emerged as a result of the threats to our planet and which takes as its starting point such principles as ecological sustainability, non-violence, grass-roots democracy and social equality.
The character of Australian wetlands
Authors: Ingram Glen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAustralia is often called the dry continent. With good rains, however, parts of the arid interior can change into large wetlands. These are ephemeral. In the coastal regions, wetlands are usually perennial. Some of these are static in extent but most wetlands have dynamic boundaries. Some wetlands are very big but vastness is not a necessary characteristic. Puddles, pools, and ponds are very small, but nonetheless wetlands.
Overcoming despair and the alienation it produces
Authors: Fisher F.G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEnvironmental work deals in the most depressing of statistics — measures of damage to our planet and measures of apparent incapacity to change them. Years working to bring about changes in the way people deal with their environment can be very frustrating and ultimately debilitating. Some aspects of personal frustration and the despair it leads to are examined. The most advanced tools used by environmental scientists such as systems theory are themselves shown to be a source of frustration. A principal source of despair is shown to be frustrated expectations based on faulty world views.Suggestions toward resolving this outcome of concern are made. They involve personal work toward changing the expectations we have of our tools and the way we deal with reality. Evidence for the efficacy of such suggestions is taken from General System Theory itself. Deep Ecology and interpretations of twentieth century physics.
Why “Applied” Should be Included in the Name of Our Professional Association
Authors: Lee John E. 
Published: July 2016

So, here we are again, beating on a horse that, while not dead, is already out of the barn.When asked to speak to the question of whether the word “applied” should be in the title of our association, I understood that I was to make the case for including “applied” in addition to the word “agriculture,” not replacing it. I think focusing narrowly on either “applied” or ”agriculture” needlessly reduces our options, and, in my view, excludes the preferred option. My argument is for the title, Southern Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, or SAAEA. I am making a case for that change.
Relative Importance Rankings for Pork Attributes by Asian-Origin Consumers in California: Applying an Ordered Probit Model to a Choice-Based Sample
Authors: Chen Kevin , Ali Murad , Veeman Michele , Unterschultz Jim , Le Theresa 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper reports on a study examining the ranking of selected attributes of fresh pork by Asian-origin consumers in San Francisco, California. Freshness is ranked as the most important attribute, followed by the attributes of the color of meat, lowness in fat, and the whiteness of fat. The attributes of price, freedom from chemicals, and being USDA labelled were also ranked to be of importance. Empirical results from an ordered probit model, postulated to explain respondents' importance rankings of attributes, suggested that particular demographic and socio-economic characteristics of Asian-origin consumers influenced the importance rankings of selected pork attributes. The findings suggest that Asian-origin consumers should not be treated as a single homogenous niche group in marketing, since there are identifiable sub-groups of these consumers with specific attitudes and preferences.
Exploring Options for a New Farm Bill
Authors: Adams Gary M. , Richardson James W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThree farm programs to increase support by $6 billion per year are analyzed. Higher marketing loan (ML), higher AMTA payments, and Modified Supplemental Income (SIP) program are evaluated at the sector and farm levels. At the sector level impacts on supply, demand, and price are modest with acreage shifts of less than two million acres. At the farm level SIP was preferred by cotton farms and higher ML was preferred by farms producing soybeans. Higher AMTA payments were preferred by 3 of 11 farms. Overall, SIP was ranked first or second by 10 of 11 representative farms.
Globalization, Cropping Choices, and Profitability in American Agriculture
Authors: Blank Steven C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe paper discusses the linkages between the “globalization” of agricultural markets over recent decades and the decisions being made by individual farmers and ranchers in the United States. It is noted that technological advances lead to globalization of agricultural commodity markets and profit pressures. The continuing profit squeeze in agricultural production is having a significant effect on the cropping choices of America's farmers. When possible, acreage is being shifted out of low-revenue-generating crops and into higher-revenue-generating crops. This shift makes crop portfolios more risky over time, thus encouraging farmers to consider diversifying out of agriculture.
Determinants of Consumers' Use of Nutritional Information on Food Packages
Authors: Nayga Rodolfo M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study examines how sociodemographic characteristics of a household's main meal planner affect use of nutritional information concerning ingredients, health benefits, calories, sodium, vitamins/minerals, fiber, fat, cholesterol, and sugar content on food packages. Results generally suggest that well-educated, female main meal planners are more likely to use various types of nutritional information than others. Main meal planners who place more importance on nutrition but less importance on taste and those who have a higher perception of the healthfulness of their diet are more likely to use nutritional information on packages than others. Household size, race, employment status, urbanization, region, age, and income are also significant factors.
Employment in Agribusiness and Purchases of Agricultural Products: The Effects of Monetization in Yugoslavia
Authors: Miljkovic Dragan , Garcia Roberto J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEfforts to stabilize employment and output in the agricultural sector of Yugoslavia through monetization contributed to inflationary pressures. Granger causality tests suggest that increases in the rate of growth in the supply of money to subsidize state-owned agribusinesses were insufficient to maintain purchases of wheat and corn, but did cause purchases of cattle and swine. This result may be explained by producers having more flexibility in grain marketing (i.e., storage options and private buyers) and the perishability issues related to livestock marketing. The policy to maintain employment through monetization is shown to have been ineffective.
Decomposition Analysis of Factor Cost Shares: The Case of Greek Agriculture
Authors: Karagiannis Giannis , Katranidis Stelios , Velentzas Kostas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn alternative version of decomposition analysis, based on factor cost shares rather than input demand functions, is presented and applied to Greek agriculture. Decomposition analysis shows that most of the changes in factor cost shares during the period from 1973 to 1989 are attributed to technical change and factor substitution, while the role of the scale effect is small, except that of fertilizer. The decomposition analysis results are then used to analyze the implications of Greece's fertilizer and feed subsidy removal, which took place in 1990.
Effects of Reservoir Aquatic Plant Management on Recreational Expenditures and Regional Economic Activity
Authors: Bergstrom John C. , Jeff Teasley R. , Ken Cordell H. , Souter Ray , English Donald B. K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExotic aquatic plant management is a major concern for public reservoir management in many regions of the United States. A study was conducted to measure the effects of alternative aquatic plant management strategies on recreational expenditures and regional economic activity. The study area was Lake Guntersville, Alabama, and the local economy surrounding the lake. Lake Guntersville is one of the largest reservoirs in the Tennessee Valley Authority system. Results suggested that relatively moderate levels of aquatic plant control are associated with the highest levels of recreation-related economic effects on the economy surrounding Lake Guntersville.
Politics and Markets in the Articulation of Preferences for Attributes of the Rapidly Changing Food and Agricultural Sectors: Framing the Issues
Authors: Abdalla Charles W. , Shaffer James D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIndustrialization of the food and agricultural sectors changes the pattern of external effects. Participants helped or harmed in the process attempt to influence outcomes through markets and politics. Decisions about property rights and boundaries determine benefits and burdens and the relative cost of animal agriculture in different jurisdictions. Prescriptions to redefine property rights are influenced by selective perception of rights to share in the benefits and be protected from costs. Political choices about the appropriate jurisdiction (state versus local) for addressing environmental and nuisance effects of animal agriculture affect whose preferences count and will influence the development of these sectors.
Textile Manufacturers' Market Valuation of Cotton Fiber Attributes
Authors: Chen Changping , Ethridge Don E. , Fletcher Stanley M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study provides an analysis of the price-quality relationships of U.S. cotton using primary data collected from textile manufacturers, the end users of fiber. Hedonic prices of fiber attributes are estimated for three production regions—West, South Central, and South—over the 1992–95 study period. Results indicate that cotton price is determined by quality attributes and nonquality factors in the end-use market. There are similarities and differences in valuation of fiber attributes based on region of origin of the cotton.
On the Estimation of Advertising Effects for Branded Products: An Application to Spaghetti Sauces
Authors: Capps Oral , Seo Seong-Cheon , Nichols John P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUsing IRI Infoscan data pertaining to six types of spaghetti sauces and employing an extension of the demand systems framework developed by Duffy, estimates are obtained of own-price, cross-price, and total expenditure elasticities as well as own- and crossproduct advertising elasticities. We augment the Duffy model through the use of a polynomial inverse lag mechanism to deal with the carryover effects of advertising. We also account for the impacts of features in newspaper fliers, in-store displays, and coupons. Advertising efforts by industry leaders in spaghetti sauce produce positive own-advertising elasticities (ranging from .000058 to .0168) and negative cross-advertising elasticities (ranging from –.000003 to –.0094). Own-price elasticities are in the elastic range, and nearly all compensated cross-price effects are positive, indicative of Hicksian substitutes.
Southern Farmers' Exposure to Income Risk Under the 1996 Farm Bill
Authors: Knutson Ronald D. , Smith Edward G. , Anderson David P. , Richardson James W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the farm-level impacts of the 1996 farm bill on the South. Focus group perceptions of risk sources, observed acreage changes, and the farm-level impact of increased price risk are evaluated. Focus group respondents ranked price and yield as the two most important sources of risk, and diversification was ranked highly as a risk-management tool. Limited data suggest that acreage shifts among crops are occurring in the South, presumably aided by the 1996 farm bill. Higher probabilities of cash flow deficits are estimated for cotton and rice relative to feedgrain, wheat, and oilseed operations.
Import Prices and Hard Currency Constraints in Eastern Europe: Implications for Coarse Grain Imports and Production of Meat
Authors: Garcia Roberto J. , Miljkovic Dragan , Gómez Miguel I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe objectives of this study were (a) to determine the degree to which hard currency earnings constrained overall imports and coarse grain imports in command economies; (b) to measure the importance of import prices on grain imports and to trace the link of grain availability to meat production; and (c) to determine how economic and political reforms in the selected countries may have affected the hard currency constraint, the importance of import prices, and grain imports and meat production. The results indicate that import demand was constrained by earnings of hard currency, but was not responsive to world prices, and meat production was affected by total grain availability, including imports.
Recycling, International Trade, and the Distribution of Pollution: The Effect of Increased U.S. Paper Recycling on U.S. Import Demand for Canadian Paper
Authors: Michael Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe quantity of paper recycled in the U.S. has more than doubled since 1985. International trade theory predicts that this will lead to reduced imports of paper, and a shift in domestic production toward waste paper intensive outputs (e.g., newsprint) and away from higher grade products such as printing/writing paper. Import demand elasticities with respect to input prices were estimated for newsprint, printing/writing, and all paper utilizing 20 years of monthly data. The empirical results confirm the predictions of theory, and illustrate a channel through which recycling may be more beneficial for U.S. industry than the domestic environment.
An Examination of Trends in Geographic Concentration in U.S. Hog Production, 1974–96
Authors: Hubbell Bryan J. , Welsh Rick 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGeographic concentration in U.S. hog production from 1974-96 is investigated using a measure based on Theil's entropy index. For the U.S. as a whole, geographic concentration is occurring at a slow rate, both for hog farms and hog numbers. However, for particular states, primarily in the new Southern Atlantic production region, concentration is high and increasing at a rapid pace. Concentration was increasing for the 23-year period for 16 out of the 20 states in the analysis. Results indicate that geographic concentration by augmentation is occurring to the greatest degree in Arkansas, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania.
Regional Economic Growth and Income Distribution: County-Level Evidence from the U.S. South
Authors: Ngarambé Octavian , Goetz Stephan J. , Debertin David L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractChanges in income distribution are estimated for the U.S. South over the 1970 and 1980 decades using Gini coefficients for county-level, real family income. To explicitly investigate causal relationships between economic growth and inequality, a two-stage least squares model was estimated. In the 1970s, more rapid increases in inequality were associated with a reduced income growth rate, ceteris paribus, while in the 1980s, the opposite was true. Faster rates of income growth were associated with more rapid increases in inequality during the 1980s, but rates of income growth had no effect on changes in inequality during the 1970s.
A Note on Fixing Misbehaving Mathematical Programs: Post-Optimality Procedures and GAMS-Related Software
Authors: McCarl Bruce A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMathematical programming formulations can yield faulty answers. Models can be unbounded, infeasible, or optimal with unrealistic answers. This article presents techniques for theory-based discovery of the cause of faulty models. The approaches are demonstrated in the context of linear programming. They have been computerized and interfaced using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS), and are distributed free of charge through new GAMS versions and an online web page.
Does FCS Association Size Affect Credit Availability?
Authors: Dodson Charles , Duncan Marvin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn analysis of the characteristics of farm businesses by size of FCS direct lending association suggests that further consolidation of FCS lending should have limited negative impacts on credit availability. Commercial-sized farm businesses with FCS real estate debt appeared similar to those who obtained credit from competing lenders, but smaller associations and those with fewer stockholders per branch appeared to serve larger and more wealthy commercial-sized farms.
The Changing Political Environment for Tobacco—Implications for Southern Tobacco Farmers, Rural Economies, Taxpayers, and Consumers: Discussion
Authors: Sutton Russell W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper is a discussion of the Brown, Snell, and Tiller article. The economic accuracy, conciseness, and organization is noteworthy with the major strength being the analysis of the tobacco system with the absence of a Federal program. The base paper discusses economic consequences of the U.S. tobacco program, within-industry structural differences, and recent/potential future changes such as the buy-out, industry uncertainty, and the possibility of program elimination.
The Economic Impact of the Mercedes Benz Investment on the State of Alabama
Authors: Kebede Ellene , Ngandu Mudiayi Sylvain 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAs part of its strategy to attract new businesses, in 1994 the State of Alabama won the Mercedes Benz bid to establish an automobile assembly plant in Vance, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama at the cost of $222 to $253 million worth of incentives. The study assessed the economic impact of the Mercedes Benz investment using IMPLAN. The IMPLAN industry code 49, industrial construction, and industry code 384, motor vehicle, were used to project the impact of the investment for the construction and production phases respectively. The results from four scenarios indicated that the investment would generate sizable direct and indirect employment, income, output, and tax revenue for the state economy. From the estimated revenue, the pay-out period for the cost of the incentive would be from four to seven years. The scenarios also indicated that the increase in the volume of locally purchased automobile parts will increase the multiplier effects for the state economy. Currently, the direct benefits from suppliers accrue to other states with established suppliers networks. The finding also suggested a heavy concentration of the impact of Mercedes Benz plant in the north and northeast part of the state. These counties were also the beneficiaries of past agglomeration economies in terms of critical physical infrastructure and human resource development.
Hedging with Futures and Options under a Truncated Cash Price Distribution
Authors: Hanson Steven D. , Myers Robert J. , Hilker James H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMany agricultural producers face cash price distributions that are effectively truncated at a lower limit through participation in farm programs designed to support farm prices and incomes. For example, the 1996 Federal Agricultural Improvement Act (FAIR) makes many producers eligible to obtain marketing loans which truncate their cash price realization at the loan rate, while allowing market prices to freely equilibrate supply and demand. This paper studies the effects of truncated cash price distributions on the optimal use of futures and options. The results show that truncation in the cash price distribution facing an individual producer provides incentives to trade options as well as futures. We derive optimal futures and options trading rules under a range of different truncation scenarios. Empirical results highlight the impacts of basis risk and yield risk on the optimal futures and options portfolio.
The Supply of Storage under Heterogeneous Expectations
Authors: Frechette Darren L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExpected prices for storable commodities often lie below spot prices plus interest and marginal storage charges. Recently this gap has been explained as the value of a call option held by a representative storer whenever a positive probability exists that stocks could dwindle to zero. However, the probability of an aggregate stock-out is effectively zero in most markets most of the time. This paper presents an alternative model that explains the gap as an equilibrium between fundamentals traders and noise traders. Applications of the model suggest that rational agents make up 84 percent of the U.S. copper market, and more than 95 percent of the corn and wheat markets.
Leading Indicators of Regional Cotton Acreage Response: Structural and Time Series Modeling Results
Authors: Houston Jack E. , McIntosh Christopher S. , Stavriotis Paul A. , Turner Steve C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractResurgent cotton production compels better acreage forecasts for planning seed, chemical, and other input requirements. Structural models describe leading acreage response indicators, and forecasts are compared to time-series models. Cotton price, loan rate, deficiency payments, lagged corn acreage, the PIK program, and previous cotton yield significantly influence cotton acreage response.