bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jeremy Bernstein’s monologue
Authors: Yang C. N. 
Published: May 2017

There appeared recently on the web a monologue a by Jeremy Bernstein (1929– ) about how he had written his famous New Yorker article in 1962. The following is a transcription of the monologue: Since the recording on the web was not of good quality, the transcription probably contains mistakes. a Web of Stories, https://www.webofstories.com/play/jeremy.bernstein/1 .
High Plasma Glucagon Levels Correlate with Waist-to-Hip Ratio, Suprailiac Skinfold Thickness, and Deep Subcutaneous Abdominal and Intraperitoneal Adipose Tissue Depots in Nonobese Asian Indian Males with Type 2 Diabetes in North India
Authors: Anoop Shajith , Misra Anoop , Bhatt Surya Prakash , Gulati Seema , Mahajan Harsh , Prabakaran Gokulraj 
Published: May 2017

We aimed to correlate plasma glucagon levels with anthropometric measures and abdominal adipose tissue depots. Nonobese males (n=81; BMI < 25 kg/m2) with T2DM of less than one-year duration and nonobese males without diabetes (n=30) were evaluated for the following: anthropometry (BMI, waist circumference, W-HR, and truncal skinfolds), whole-body DEXA (for body fat and fat-free mass), and MRI scan (for volumes of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAT) including superficial and deep, intra-abdominal visceral adipose tissue (including intraperitoneal adipose tissue (IPAT), retroperitoneal adipose tissue, liver span and fatty liver, and pancreatic volume)). Plasma glucose and glucagon, serum insulin, hepatic transaminases, and lipid profile were measured. Significantly higher levels of fasting and postprandial glucagon (p<0.001) and fasting and postprandial insulin (p<0.001) were seen in patients with T2DM. The mean values of fasting and postprandial plasma glucagon levels were higher in T2DM patients with NAFLD (n=37) as compared to T2DM patients without NAFLD (n=44). Four independent predictors were derived for fasting glucagon levels in patients with T2DM, namely, W-HR, suprailiac skinfold thickness, IPAT, and deep SCAT (p<0.05; r2=0.84). These observations in Asian Indians may have significance for diabetes therapies which impact glucagon levels.
A Response to the Attempted Critique of the Scientific Phenomenological Method
Authors: Giorgi Amedeo 
Published: May 2017

Recently, a book (details are given below) was published, the sole purpose of which was to discourage researchers from using the scientific phenomenological method. The author (Paley, 1997; 1998; 2000) had previously been critical of nurses who had used the scientific phenomenological method but in the new book he goes after the originators of different methods of scientific phenomenological research and attempts to criticize them severely. In this review I defend only the scientific phenomenological method that is strictly based upon the thought of Edmund Husserl. Given the entirely negative project of only critiquing phenomenologically grounded scientific research, one would expect the author to be sensitive to the cautions historians and philosophers of science speak about when one attempts to criticize concepts and procedures that belong to a different research community. Paley, an empiricist, uses empirical criteria to criticize phenomenological work.Moreover, given the entirely negative project of critiquing phenomenologically grounded scientific research one would expect the author to be knowledgeable about phenomenology and the innovative research practices used by a new research community. However, (1) the author has only a thin, superficial understanding of phenomenology (e.g., it is not a technology; Paley, 2017, 109). One gets the impression that he only reads phenomenology in order to critique it. He displays an outsider’s understanding of it which means that his criticisms of it are faulty because he does not know how to think and dwell within the phenomenological framework; (2) he does not understand “discovery-oriented” research and he keeps judging such research according to criteria from the “context of verification” perspective which are the wrong criteria for “discovery-oriented” research; (3) he denigrates and reduces nursing research strategies because he interprets them to be based on pragmatic motivations only. He does not even grant that nurses can have authentic scientific motivations for seeking phenomenologically based methods; (4) he uses unfair rhetorical strategies in the sense that he uses strategies himself that he criticizes when others use them. The review below documents what has been summarized here.
Oropharyngeal Kaposi Sarcoma in Related Persons Negative for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Sikora Andrew G. , Shnayder Yelizaveta , Yee Herman , DeLacure Mark D. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor that can affect the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. Although KS is the most common malignancy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, it is rare in immunocompetent persons. We describe an unusual presentation of KS in 2 related individuals and describe our attempts to determine whether oropharyngeal KS is associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8).Methods: All relevant clinical and surgical information, including information on tumor histopathologic and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serologic tests, was abstracted from the patient charts and electronic databases. HHV-8 immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-fixed specimens.Results: Both patient 1 and patient 2 (the nephew of patient 1) were referred for workup of a tonsillar mass that was pathologically confirmed to be KS. In each case, HIV serologic testing was negative, and a screening immunologic workup, including a quantitative natural killer cell count, a B- and T-lymphocyte count, and immunoglobulin analysis, also yielded findings that were within normal limits. Immunohistochemistry performed on 1 pathological specimen showed positive staining for the presence of HHV-8, the etiologic agent of KS.Conclusions: The presence of oropharyngeal KS in 2 related HIV-negative individuals supports a role for genetic factors in susceptibility to KS, a common exposure to an infectious agent such as HHV-8, or both. Whereas most KS cases in industrialized countries are associated with immunodeficiency, clinical and laboratory data do not suggest that either of the patients described in this report are immunodeficient. Their susceptibility to KS may be secondary to a subtle inherited defect in host resistance to HHV-8, or another unknown factor.
Expression and Clinical Significance of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Type 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Yulin , Zhou Xuhong , Song Jian , Qiu Xiaoping , Li Jun , Ye Linfeng , Meng Xiaoping , Xia Dong 
Published: May 2017

Objectives: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and type 1 insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) receptors play an important role in the growth and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). They were separately found to be associated with prognosis in patients with NPC. To date, their expression correlation and clinicopathologic significance have never been specifically addressed in NPC. Methods: Seventy-five patients with NPC and 21 noncancerous nasopharyngeal epithelial samples were accrued between 1998 and 2006 in a single hospital. The expressions of EGF and IGF-1 receptors were detected by immunohistochemical staining in the 75 NPC samples and the 21 noncancerous samples. Furthermore, the messenger RNA and protein expressions were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the Western blot technique, respectively, in NPC cell lines and normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Results: The 5-year survival rates, assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method, were 71.4% and 66.6% in the EGF and IGF-1 receptor protein-negative groups, respectively, whereas they were only 28.6% and 33.3% in the receptor protein-positive groups. The levels of these two proteins significantly correlated with each other, and the overexpression rates of EGF and IGF-1 receptors were 65.3% and 56% in nasopharyngeal samples, respectively. Furthermore, both protein expressions were significantly higher in NPC patients with cervical lymph node or distant metastasis than in NPC patients without lymph node or distant metastasis. Recurrence more often appears in cases positive for both proteins than in cases negative for both proteins. The expression levels of the receptor messenger RNA and proteins were higher in several NPC cell lines than in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that both receptor proteins may play an important role in the invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of NPC. Both receptors are valuable markers for assessing the prognosis of NPC. Their expression at such high frequencies provides the basis of combined targeted therapy with specific pharmacologic inhibitors to enhance the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Characteristics of Experimental Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Surgical Injury in Dogs
Authors: Xu Wen , Han Demin , Hu Huiying , Fan Erzhong 
Published: May 2017

Objectives We characterized various recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injuries in dogs. Methods Sixteen dogs were classified as having complete injuries (transection) or incomplete injuries (ligation, half-section, and crush). The characteristics of nerve injuries were evaluated by endoscopic examination, laryngeal electromyography (LEMG), and histopathologic examination at 0 to 12 months after the injury. Results After the RLN injury, the average muscle fiber diameter and the average muscle bundle diameter of the affected muscles were decreased, and the average number of muscular cell nuclei per square inch increased. Fibrillation potentials were found 1 to 3 months after injury, and reinnervation potentials appeared 3 to 6 months after incomplete injury. For nerve transection and ligation, there was no reaction with LEMG instantly after injury involving vocal fold fixation. Vocal fold motion did not improve in members of the complete injury group, whereas all of the vocal folds in the members of the nerve ligation subgroup had limited activity in the later period. Various forms of vocal fold mobility were observed after injury in the half-section subgroup. Animals in the crush subgroup had normal EMG signals combined with abnormal LEMG signals with lower amplitudes after injury. Vocal fold fixation was not observed in this subgroup. Conclusions We found the causes of nerve injury, in order of decreasing severity, to be transection, ligation, half-section, and crush.
Unilateral True Vocal Fold Synkinesis Presenting with Airway Obstruction
Authors: Azadarmaki Roya , Mirza Natasha , Soliman Ahmed M. S. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives We present a case series of 10 patients with unilateral true vocal fold paralysis who presented with airway obstruction. Methods A retrospective review of the authors' patients at 2 institutions with unilateral true vocal fold motion impairment was carried out over a 10-year period. Of these, 10 patients were identified who presented with stridor and dyspnea as a result of synkinesis. Six cases were a result of thyroidectomy, 1 case resulted from recurrent laryngeal nerve section for spasmodic dysphonia, 1 case occurred after anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion, and in 2 cases no cause was identified. Results Three patients underwent tracheotomy. Two patients underwent partial arytenoidectomy. Seven patients underwent botulinum toxin injection; 2 were treated with breathing therapy, and in 1 case breathing therapy was recommended. Seven patients underwent treatment with more than 1 method. Conclusions Unilateral vocal fold paralysis may present with airway obstruction as a result of synkinesis. Treatment should be incremental and starts with breathing therapy and botulinum toxin injection. Partial arytenoidectomy or tracheotomy may be necessary for refractory cases.
Vocal Exercise versus Voice Rest following Botulinum Toxin Injections: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Paniello Randal C. , Edgar Julia D. , Perlmutter Joel S. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives The intensity of muscle activity immediately following intramuscular botulinum toxin injection may affect the clinical efficacy of the injection. We tested this effect in patients who underwent botulinum toxin injections for adductor spasmodic dysphonia. Methods Patients were studied over 3 to 5 injection cycles. Cycle 1 was the baseline control; cycle 2 was randomized between a 1-hour reading aloud task (“exercise”) and a 24-hour period of complete voice rest. For cycle 3, the patient completed the task not performed in cycle 2. Patients who were willing to continue for cycles 4 and 5 repeated the experiment at one half the injection dosage. Efficacy was determined with a battery of voice recordings and clinical outcomes instruments administered via telephone at 2- to 4-week intervals. The primary outcome measure was the result of the Voice-Related Quality of Life (VRQOL) instrument. Results Nine patients (8 women, 1 man) with a mean age of 60.8 years (range, 42 to 76 years) completed at least 3 injection cycles. The VRQOL results were significantly higher for cycles that followed the exercise task. The patients reported subjectively that these were some of the best injection cycles they had ever experienced. Some achieved equivalent results with the half-dose injection plus exercise. The VRQOL results after voice rest cycles were not significantly different from the patients' baseline cycles. Conclusions These results support the conclusion that a period of intense vocalization immediately following laryngeal botulinum toxin injections improves the efficacy of the injection. Possible mechanisms are proposed.
Bioengineered Trachea with Fibroblasts in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Okano Wataru , Nomoto Yukio , Wada Ikuo , Kobayashi Ken , Miyake Masao , Nakamura Tatsuo , Omori Koichi 
Published: May 2017

Objectives Although our group has had mostly successful results with clinical application of a tracheal prosthesis, delayed epithelial regeneration remains a problem. In our previous studies using rats, it was demonstrated that tracheal fibroblasts accelerated proliferation and differentiation of the tracheal epithelium in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of fibroblasts on epithelial regeneration in larger tracheal defects in rabbits. Methods We developed a bioengineered scaffold, the luminal surface of which was coated with fibroblasts. This scaffold was implanted into tracheal defects in 12 rabbits (bioengineered group), and scaffolds without fibroblasts were implanted in 12 rabbits (control group). The regenerated epithelium was histologically examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical studies. Results In the bioengineered group, a stratified squamous epithelium was observed on the surface 7 days after transplantation. However, in the control group, the scaffolds were exposed. Fourteen days after implantation, a columnar ciliated epithelium was observed in the bioengineered group. The average thickness of the regenerated epithelium in the bioengineered group was significantly greater than that in the control group. Conclusions This study indicated that fibroblasts had a stimulatory effect that hastened regeneration of the epithelium in large tracheal defects.
Atelocollagen Sponge as a Stem Cell Implantation Scaffold for the Treatment of Scarred Vocal Folds
Authors: Ohno Satoshi , Hirano Shigeru , Tateya Ichiro , Kanemaru Shin-Ichi , Umeda Hiroo , Suehiro Atsushi , Kitani Yoshiharu , Kishimoto Yo , Kojima Tsuyoshi , Nakamura Tatsuo , Ito Juichi 
Published: May 2017

Objectives Treatment of vocal fold scarring remains a therapeutic challenge. Our group previously reported the efficacy of treating injured vocal folds by implantation of bone marrow–derived stromal cells containing mesenchymal stem cells. Appropriate scaffolding is necessary for the stem cell implant to achieve optimal results. Terudermis is an atelocollagen sponge derived from calf dermis. It has large pores that permit cellular entry and is degraded in vivo. These characteristics suggest that this material may be a good candidate for use as scaffolding for implantation of cells. The present in vitro study investigated the feasibility of using Terudermis as such a scaffold. Methods Bone marrow–derived stromal cells were obtained from GFP (green fluorescent protein) mouse femurs. The cells were seeded into Terudermis and incubated for 5 days. Their survival, proliferation, and expression of extracellular matrix were examined. Results Bone marrow–derived stromal cells adhered to Terudermis and underwent significant proliferation. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated that adherent cells were positive for expression of vimentin, desmin, fibronectin, and fsp1 and negative for beta III tubulin. These findings indicate that these cells were mesodermal cells and attached to the atelocollagen fibers biologically. Conclusions The data suggest that Terudermis may have potential as stem cell implantation scaffolding for the treatment of scarred vocal folds.
Rational Diagnostic and Therapeutic Management of Deep Neck Infections: Analysis of 233 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Marioni Gino , Staffieri Alberto , Parisi Saverio , Marchese-Ragona Rosario , Zuccon Andrea , Staffieri Claudia , Sari Marianna , Speranzoni Chiara , de Filippis Cosimo , Rinaldi Roberto 
Published: May 2017

Objectives Although deep neck infections are less common nowadays because of the widespread use of antibiotics, they continue to carry significant morbidity and mortality rates. Methods Between 2000 and 2008, deep neck infections were treated in 233 patients at the University of Padova. Cases of peritonsillar abscess, superficial infections, infections due to external neck injuries, and infections in head and neck tumors were excluded. Clinical, radiologic, laboratory, and microbiological assessments were analyzed. Results The site of origin was identified in 189 of the 233 cases (81.1%), and the most common cause of deep neck infection was dental infection (39.5%). Intravenous antibiotic therapy was given to 78 patients, and 155 required both medical and surgical procedures. The bacteria most often isolated were gram-positive anaerobic cocci. None of our patients died of the deep neck infection or its complications. Conclusions It is worth emphasizing that airway support is the priority in patients with deep neck infections. Empirical antibiotic treatments must cover gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. Surgical exploration and drainage may be mandatory in selected cases at presentation or in cases that fail to respond to parenteral antibiotics within the first 24 to 48 hours. It is important to perform cultures during operation to establish the pathogen(s) involved and to obtain an antibiogram to tailor the antibiotic treatment.
Preoperative Embolization in Carotid Body Tumor Surgery: Is it Required?
Authors: Zeitler Daniel M. , Glick Joelle , Har-El Gady 
Published: May 2017

Objectives We compared estimated blood loss (EBL) in patients who underwent surgical excision of carotid body tumors (CBTs) after preoperative superselective angiography with embolization (PSE) with that in patients who underwent excision of CBTs without PSE. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of a consecutive case series in a single surgeon's practice within an academic tertiary care medical center. Twenty-five patients underwent surgical resection of a CBT from 1989 to 2009. From 1989 to 1996, 10 consecutive patients had PSE of the CBT, whereas the subsequent 15 patients (1996 to 2009) had no PSE. Demographic data including age, sex, and tumor size were collected. The EBL was obtained from intraoperative records and operative notes dictated at the time of surgery. Tumor size was based on preoperative radiographic measurements by a senior radiologist and the surgeon. Results In the 10 patients with PSE, the mean age was 41 years (range, 22 to 72 years) and the mean tumor size was 4.8 cm (range, 2.9 to 8.3 cm). The mean EBL was 305 mL (range, 50 to 1,000 mL); 2 patients had an EBL of more than 400 mL. In the 15 patients without PSE, the mean age was 43.7 years (range, 20 to 75 years) and the mean tumor size was 4.4 cm (range, 2.8 to 7.9 cm). The mean EBL was 265.6 mL (range, 40 to 900 mL); 2 patients had an EBL of more than 400 mL. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with regard to age, tumor size, or EBL. Conclusions Preoperative superselective angiography with embolization of a CBT does not lead to a significant reduction in intraoperative EBL.
Risk Factors for Hearing Loss after Pediatric Meningitis in Japan
Authors: Adachi Nodoka , Ito Ken , Sakata Hideaki 
Published: May 2017

Objectives We sought to identify predictors for hearing loss in Japanese children with meningitis. Methods We analyzed 155 cases of pediatric meningitis without other entities causing hearing loss in children admitted to Saitama Children's Medical Center between 1990 and 2005 for potential risk factors for hearing loss, using multiple logistic regression. Auditory brain stem response tests were performed to evaluate hearing loss. Results Of 155 children, 35 (23%) developed hearing loss (21 unilaterally and 14 bilaterally). Profound hearing loss (greater than 90 dB normal hearing level) occurred in 15 patients (9.7%; 4 unilaterally and 11 bilaterally). Of 112 patients with positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures, 27 (24%) developed hearing loss and 13 (12%) showed profound loss. Of 22 patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis, 11 (50%) developed hearing loss and 7 (32%) showed profound loss. Of 54 patients with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, 11 (20%) developed hearing loss and 4 (7.4%) showed profound loss. High serum C-reactive protein levels and cerebrospinal fluid cultures positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae were identified as significant risk factors for hearing loss. Conclusions A high serum C-reactive protein level was first identified as a risk factor for hearing impairment after pediatric meningitis.
Single-Stage Canal Wall-Down Tympanoplasty: Long-Term Results and Prognostic Factors
Authors: Redaelli De Zinis Luca Oscar , Tonni Daniela , Barezzani Maria Grazia 
Published: May 2017

Objectives We sought to identify factors associated with anatomic and functional results of canal wall–down tympanoplasty. Methods One hundred eighty-nine primary or relapsing cholesteatomas were consecutively operated on by a single surgeon. Cholesteatoma recurrence rates were evaluated. Predictive values of the patient, disease, and surgical characteristics on cholesteatoma recurrence were estimated. The effect of these variables on keratin pearl development, recurrent otorrhea or granulation tissue formation, and hearing function was tested. Results The mean follow-up was 8 years (range, 4 to 15 years). The cholesteatoma relapse rate (±SE) estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 2.1% ± 1.1%. No variables were associated with relapsing disease. The log-rank test showed a significantly higher probability of keratin pearls in male patients (16.7% versus 2.1%; p = 0.001), young patients (less than 16 years; 51.4% versus 6.2%; p = 0.0001),patients with unencapsulated cholesteatomas (19.5% versus 5.3%; p = 0.06), patients with petrous or accessory cellularity invasion (17.9% versus 7.1%; p = 0.02), and patients with overlay myringoplasty (25% versus 7.9%; p = 0.03). Recurrent otorrhea and granulation tissue were associated with homograft temporalis fascia myringoplasty (14.3% versus 3.8%; p = 0.04). The overall postoperative air-bone gap was within 20 dB in 30.7%; it was within 20 dB in 43.9% (47/107) for intact or reconstructed ossicular chains and in 13.4% (11/82) for nonreconstructed, eroded ossicular chains (p = 0.0001). The air-bone gap was within 20 dB in 42.6% (46/108) when the mucosa of the tympanic cavity was normal and in 14.8% (12/81) when there was granulation tissue within the tympanic cavity (p = 0.0001). Conclusions Single-stage canal wall–down tympanoplasty is an appropriate treatment for acquired tympanomastoid cholesteatoma.