bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Year in the Life of a Contaminated Heater-Cooler Unit With Mycobacterium chimaera?
Authors: Garvey Mark I. , Bradley Craig W. , Walker Jimmy 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE
Heater-cooler units (HCUs) have been shown to be a source of Mycobacterium chimaera infections. For the past year, weekly water samples have been taken from HCUs used at University Hospitals Birmingham (UHB) NHS Foundation Trust. We report the microbial contamination of the HCUs over a year detailing the decontamination regimes applied at UHB to reduce the microbial load.

DESIGN
Observational study

SETTING
UHB is a tertiary referral teaching hospital in Birmingham, United Kingdom, that provides clinical services to nearly 1 million patients every year. The UHB Cardiac department is one of the largest in the United Kingdom and provides treatment for adult patients with a wide range of cardiac diseases.

METHODS
Water samples taken from HCUs used at UHB for cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were sampled over a year to determine the number of microorganisms by membrane filtration. Various decontamination processes were employed throughout the year.

RESULTS
Varying total viable counts containing a wide variety of microorganisms were obtained from water inside the HCUs. No M. chimaera were isolated after replacement of the HCU internal tubing. Stringent decontamination regimes resulted in degradation of the HCUs and increased TVCs after several months.

CONCLUSION
More work is required to ensure effective decontamination processes to reduce the microbial load within the HCUs. Our studies indicate that weekly water sampling for TVC will be required indefinitely to monitor the water quality in these units as well as regular replacement of the tubing to control the build-up of biofilm.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:705–711
Susceptibility of Nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus to Chlorhexidine After Implementation of a Hospital-wide Antiseptic Bathing Regimen
Authors: Marolf Cole T. , Alter Roxanne , Lyden Elizabeth , Fey Paul D. , Rupp Mark E. 
Published: May 2017

Hospital use of chlorhexidine (CHX) containing antiseptics to decrease nosocomial infections may promote CHX resistance among pathogenic organisms. Nosocomial bloodstream-infecting Staphylococcus aureus isolates from before and after adoption of hospital-wide CHX bathing were tested for CHX susceptibility, and no decreased susceptibility or resistance-promoting genes were discovered.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:873–875
What is the Future of the Survey Course?
Authors: Gelvin James L. 
Published: May 2017

I want to kick off this discussion with three quotes and a statistic. The first quote is as follows: “The chief purpose [of historical education] is not to fill [someone's] head with a mass of material which he may perhaps put forward again when a college examiner demands its production.” The second—a line from a front page story in The New York Times—reads, “College freshmen throughout the nation reveal a striking ignorance of even the most elementary aspects of United States history.” And the third:
We have descended into what some consider the dark age of declining enrollments, professional unemployment, and a growing rejection of history by many students who seem to agree with Henry Ford that history is “bunk.” If we are going to have any real impact on individuals or society, we must do something besides just cover the material.
Finally, the statistic: in eight years alone, the number of students majoring in history dropped 40 percent.
PURE TIME PREFERENCE IN INTERTEMPORAL WELFARE ECONOMICS
Authors: Kelleher J. Paul 
Published: May 2017

Abstract:Several areas of welfare economics seek to evaluate states of affairs as a function of interpersonally comparable individual utilities. The aim is to map each state of affairs onto a vector of individual utilities, and then to produce an ordering of these vectors that can be represented by a mathematical function assigning a real number to each. When this approach is used in intertemporal contexts, a central theoretical question concerns therate of pure time preference, i.e. the evaluative weight to be applied to utility coming at different times. This article criticizes the standard philosophical account of pure time preference, arguing that it ascribes to economists a methodological commitment they need not accept. The article then evaluates three further objections to pure time preference, concluding that it might still be defensible under certain circumstances. I close by articulating a final argument that, if sound, would constitute a decisive objection to pure time preference as it currently figures in much intertemporal welfare economics.
Kant on Moral Satisfaction
Authors: Walschots Michael 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper gives an account of Kant’s concept of self-contentment (Selbstzufriedenheit), i.e. the satisfaction involved in the performance of moral action. This concept is vulnerable to an important objection: if moral action is satisfying, it might only ever be performed for the sake of this satisfaction. I explain Kant’s response to this objection and argue that it is superior to Francis Hutcheson’s response to a similar objection. I conclude by showing that two other notions of moral satisfaction in Kant’s moral philosophy, namely ‘sweet merit’ and the highest good, also avoid the objection.
Kant on God’s Intuitive Understanding: InterpretingCJ§76’s Modal Claims
Authors: Winegar Reed 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn §76 of the thirdCritique, Kant claims that an intuitive understanding would represent no distinction between possible and actual things. Prior interpretations of §76 take Kant to claim that an intuitive understanding would produce things merely in virtue of thinking about them and, thus, could not think of merely possible things. In contrast, I argue that §76’s modal claims hinge on Kant’s suggestion that God represents things in their thoroughgoing determination, including in their connection to God’s actual will. I conclude by using my interpretation to argue that §76’s modal claims do not entail Spinozism.
Multi-stability and the origin of microbial community types
Authors: Gonze Didier , Lahti Leo , Raes Jeroen , Faust Karoline 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The study of host-associated microbial community composition has suggested the presence of alternative community types. We discuss three mechanisms that could explain these observations. The most commonly invoked mechanism links community types to a response to environmental change; alternatively, community types were shown to emerge from interactions between members of local communities sampled from a metacommunity. Here, we emphasize multi-stability as a third mechanism, giving rise to different community types in the same environmental conditions. We illustrate with a toy model how multi-stability can generate community types and discuss the consequences of multi-stability for data interpretation.
The essential role of YAP O-GlcNAcylation in high-glucose-stimulated liver tumorigenesis
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Qiao Yongxia , Wu Qi , Chen Yan , Zou Shaowu , Liu Xiangfan , Zhu Guoqing , Zhao Yinghui , Chen Yuxin , Yu Yongchun , Pan Qiuhui , Wang Jiayi , Sun Fenyong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractO-GlcNAcylation has been implicated in the tumorigenesis of various tissue origins, but its function in liver tumorigenesis is not clear. Here, we demonstrate that O-GlcNAcylation can enhance the expression, stability and function of Yes-associated protein (YAP), the downstream transcriptional regulator of the Hippo pathway and a potent oncogenic factor in liver cancer. O-GlcNAcylation induces transformative phenotypes of liver cancer cells in a YAP-dependent manner. An O-GlcNAc site of YAP was identified at Thr241, and mutating this site decreased the O-GlcNAcylation, stability, and pro-tumorigenic capacities of YAP, while increasing YAP phosphorylation. Importantly, we found via in vitro cell-based and in vivo mouse model experiments that O-GlcNAcylation of YAP was required for high-glucose-induced liver tumorigenesis. Interestingly, a positive feedback between YAP and global cellular O-GlcNAcylation is also uncovered. We conclude that YAP O-GlcNAcylation is a potential therapeutic intervention point for treating liver cancer associated with high blood glucose levels and possibly diabetes.
Thermodynamic potential and phase diagram for multiferroic bismuth ferrite (BiFeO
3
)
Authors: Karpinsky Dmitry V. , Eliseev Eugene A. , Xue Fei , Silibin Maxim V. , Franz Alexandra , Glinchuk Maya D. , Troyanchuk Igor O. , Gavrilov Sergey A. , Gopalan Venkatraman , Chen Long-Qing , Morozovska Anna N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe construct a Landau–Ginzburg thermodynamic potential, and the corresponding phase diagram for pristine and slightly doped bismuth ferrite, a ferroelectric antiferromagnet at room temperature. The potential is developed based on new X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments complementing available data. We demonstrate that a strong biquadratic antiferrodistortive-type coupling is the key to a quantitative description of Bi1−x
La
x
FeO3 multiferroic phase diagram including the temperature stability of the antiferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and antiferrodistortive phases, as well as for the prediction of novel intermediate structural phases. Furthermore, we show that “rotomagnetic” antiferrodistortive–antiferromagnetic coupling is very important to describe the ferroelectric polarization and antiferrodistortive tilt behavior in the R3c phase of BiFeO3. The Landau–Ginzburg thermodynamic potential is able to describe the sequence of serial and trigger-type phase transitions, the temperature-dependent behavior of the order parameters, and the corresponding susceptibilities to external stimuli. It can also be employed to predict the corresponding ferroelectric and antiferrodistortive properties of Bi1−x
La
x
FeO3 thin films and nanoparticles by incorporating the gradient and surface energy terms that are strongly dependent on the shape, size, and preparation method.
Combined treatment with Metformin and 2-deoxy glucose induces detachment of viable MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Bizjak Maruša , Malavašič Petra , Dolinar Klemen , Pohar Jelka , Pirkmajer Sergej , Pavlin Mojca 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTriple naegative breast cancer has an increased rate of distant metastasis and consequently poor prognosis. To metastasize, breast cancer cells must detach from the main tumour mass and resist anoikis, a programmed cell death induced by lack of cell-extracellular matrix communication. Although cancer cells must detach to metastasize in vivo, the viability of floating cancer cells in vitro is rarely investigated. Here we show that co-treatment of anoikis-resistant MDA-MB-231 cells with metformin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) increased the percentage of floating cells, of which about 95% were viable. Floating cells resumed their proliferation once they were reseeded in the pharmacological compound-free medium. Similar effects on detachment were observed on anoikis-prone MCF-7 cells. Co-treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with metformin and 2-DG induced a strong activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which was reduced by AMPK inhibitor compound C that prevented detachment of MDA-MB-231 cells. However, direct AMPK activators A-769662 and AICAR did not have any major effect on the percentage of floating MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating that AMPK activation is necessary but not sufficient for triggering detachment of cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that separate analysis of floating and attached cancer cells might be important for evaluation of anti-cancer agents.
Photonic crystal and quasi-crystals providing simultaneous light coupling and beam splitting within a low refractive-index slab waveguide
Authors: Shi Jingxing , Pollard Michael E. , Angeles Cesar A. , Chen Ruiqi , Gates J. C. , Charlton M. D. B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCoupling between free space components and slab waveguides is a common requirement for integrated optical devices, and is typically achieved by end-fire or grating coupling. Power splitting and distribution requires additional components. Usually grating couplers are used in combination with MMI/Y-splitters to do this task. In this paper, we present a photonic crystal device which performs both tasks simultaneously and is able to couple light at normal incidence and near normal incidence. Our approach is scalable to large channel counts with little impact on device footprint. We demonstrate in normal incidence coupling with multi-channel splitting for 785 nm light. Photonic crystals are etched into single mode low refractive index SiON film on both SiO2/Si and borosilicate glass substrate. Triangular lattices are shown to provide coupling to 6 beams with equal included angle (60°), while a quasi-crystal lattice with 12-fold rotational symmetry yields coupling to 12 beams with equal included angle (30°). We show how to optimize the lattice constant to achieve efficient phase matching between incident and coupled mode wave vectors, and how to adjust operating wavelength from visible to infrared wavelengths.
Inkjet printing of NiO films and integration as hole transporting layers in polymer solar cells
Authors: Singh Arjun , Gupta Shailendra Kumar , Garg Ashish 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStability concerns of organic solar cell devices have led to the development of alternative hole transporting layers such as NiO which lead to superior device life times over conventional Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) buffered solar cells. From the printability of such devices, it is imperative to be able to print NiO layers in the organic solar cell devices with normal architecture which has so far remained unreported. In this manuscript, we report on the successful ink-jet printing of very thin NiO thin films with controlled thickness and morphology and their integration in organic solar cell devices. The parameters that were found to strongly affect the formation of a thin yet continuous NiO film were substrate surface treatment, drop spacing, and substrate temperature during printing. The effect of these parameters was investigated through detailed morphological characterization using optical and atomic force microscopy and the results suggested that one can achieve a transmittance of ~89% for a ~18 nm thin NiO film with uniform structure and morphology, fabricated using a drop spacing of 50 μm and a heat treatment temperature of 400 °C. The devices fabricated with printed NiO hole transporting layers exhibit power conversion efficiencies comparable to the devices with spin coated NiO films.
Capture the growth kinetics of CVD growth of two-dimensional MoS2
Authors: Zhu Dancheng , Shu Haibo , Jiang Feng , Lv Danhui , Asokan Vijayshankar , Omar Omar , Yuan Jun , Zhang Ze , Jin Chuanhong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the microscopic mechanism is fundamental for function-oriented controlled chemical vapor deposition growth of two-dimensional (2D) materials. In this work, we reveal the growth kinetics of 2D MoS2 by capturing the nucleation seeds, evolving morphology, edge structure, and edge terminations at the atomic scale during chemical vapor deposition growth using the transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The direct growth of few-layer and mono-layer MoS2 onto graphene-based transmission electron microscopy grids helped us to perform the subsequent transmission electron microscopy characterization without any solution-based transfer. Two seeding centers are observed: (i) Mo-oxysulfide (MoO
x
S2−y
) nanoparticles either in multi-shelled fullerene-like structures or as compact nanocrystals for the growth of fewer-layer MoS2; (ii) Mo-S atomic clusters. In the early stage growth, irregular polygons with two primary edge terminations, S-Mo Klein edges and Mo zigzag edges, appear approximately in equal numbers. The morphology evolves into a near-triangle shape in which Mo zigzag edges predominate. Results from density-functional theory calculations are consistent with the inferred growth kinetics, and thus support the growth mechanism we proposed. In general, the growth mechanisms found here should also be applicable in other 2D materials, such as MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2.
Investigating the Adequacy of Intervention Descriptions in Recent Speech-Language Pathology Literature: Is Evidence From Randomized Trials Useable?
Authors: Ludemann Arabella , Power Emma , Hoffmann Tammy C. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
To evaluate the completeness of intervention descriptions in recent randomized controlled trials of speech-language pathology treatments.

Method
A consecutive sample of entries on the speechBITE database yielded 129 articles and 162 interventions. Interventions were rated using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist. Rating occurred at 3 stages: interventions as published in the primary article, secondary locations referred to by the article (e.g., protocol papers, websites), and contact with corresponding authors.

Results
No interventions were completely described in primary publications or after analyzing information from secondary locations. After information was added from correspondence with authors, a total of 28% of interventions was rated as complete. The intervention elements with the most information missing in the primary publications were tailoring and modification of interventions (in 25% and 13% of articles, respectively) and intervention materials and where they could be accessed (18%). Elements that were adequately described in most articles were intervention names (in 100% of articles); rationale (96%); and details of the frequency, session duration, and length of interventions (69%).

Conclusions
Clinicians and researchers are restricted in the usability of evidence from speech-language pathology randomized trials because of poor reporting of elements essential to the replication of interventions.
Fear of Negative Evaluation, Trait Anxiety, and Judgment Bias in Adults who Stutter
Authors: Brundage Shelley B. , Winters Katherine L. , Beilby Janet M. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
Persons who stutter (PWS) and those with social anxiety disorder may exhibit fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and anxiety in social situations. However, the information processing biases that perpetuate these characteristics have had limited investigation. This study investigated judgment bias in social situations.

Method
Participants included 50 adults who stutter and 45 age- and gender-matched fluent persons who do not stutter (PWNS), who made up the control group. Participants completed the Interpretation and Judgmental Questionnaire (Voncken, Bögels, & deVries, 2003), and threat scores were calculated.

Results

There were no significant differences between PWS and PWNS in social threat or nonsocial threat scores. When the PWS group was divided on the basis of FNE and compared with PWNS participants without heightened anxiety (
n
= 35), the PWS with high FNE had significantly higher total social threat scores than the PWS with low FNE. The three groups did not differ in threat ratings for ambiguous or profoundly negative social situations.

Conclusions
Judgment bias in PWS is mediated by the magnitude of FNE present; not all PWS exhibit judgment bias for social situations. Treatment implications include the need for psychosocial support addressing the negative impacts on quality of life and restrictions on social engagement that stuttering may cause in some individuals.
Hydrothermal synthesis of porous K+ ‐containing flower‐like delte MnO2 with high specific capacitance
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Hui 
Published: May 2017

In this study, porous K+ ‐containing flower‐like delte‐MnO2 constructed by numerous thin two‐dimensional nanosheets was fabricated by a hydrothermal procedure. Its flower‐like morphology was revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The construction units, the ultrathin sheets, were observed from transmission electron microscopy. Its delte‐type crystal was characterised via X‐ray diffraction. Its porous structure was convinced through N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. The properties of delte‐MnO2 nanoflowers as an active electrode constituent for electrochemical capacitors were examined by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge in 1 mol l−1 Na2SO4 electrolyte, and a specific capacitance of 227.2 F g−1 was obtained at a current density of 0.05 A g−1. The obtained delte‐MnO2 shows a good long‐term stability, suggesting it is a potential electrode material for capacitors.
Extracellular Vesicles in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Alluri Ravi , Chaturvedi Shruti , McCrae Keith 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAntiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), particularly those directed against β2-glycoprotein I, cause activation of vascular cells (endothelial cells, platelets, monocytes) and release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes and microparticles (MPs). MPs, particularly endothelial MPs, have been most extensively studied in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Compared with healthy controls, patients with aPL have significantly higher levels of circulating endothelial and platelet MPs, including MPs expressing immunological and functional tissue factor. Although a consistent relationship of EVs with APS-related thrombosis and obstetric events has not yet been demonstrated, elevated levels of MPs occurring remote from thrombotic events suggest a chronic state of vascular activation in APS. In addition to being a marker of cellular activation, EVs express bioactive lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, particularly microribonucleic acid (microRNA). EVs may potentially play a pathogenic role in APS by stimulating thrombosis through tissue factor-dependent and independent mechanisms and by promoting vascular activation. Further research is needed to understand these mechanisms and to determine whether EVs may be a useful biomarker to identify patients with aPL at highest risk of clinical events.
Patient-Reported Outcomes following Single- and Multiple-Radius Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Mushtaq Nadeem , Isaac David , Dillow Katherine , Gill Paul , Liddle Alexander 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlthough single-radius (SR) designs of total knee replacement (TKR) have theoretical benefits, the clinical advantage conferred by such designs is unknown. The aim of this randomized, controlled study was to compare the short-term clinical outcomes of the two design rationales. A total of 105 knees were randomized to receive either a single radius (Scorpio, Stryker; SR Group) or multiple radius (AGC, Zimmer Biomet; MR group) TKR. Patient-reported outcomes (Oxford Knee Score [OKS] and Knee Society Score [KSS]) were collected at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year following surgery. No knees were revised. There was no difference in primary outcomes: OKS was 39.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.9–42.1) in the SR group and 38.1 (95% CI: 36.0–40.3) in the MR group (p = 0.40). KSS was 168.4 (95% CI: 159.8–177.0) in the SR group; 159.5 (95% CI 150.5–168.5) in the MR group (p = 0.16). There was a small but statistically significant difference in the degree of change of the objective subscale of the KSS, favoring the SR design (p = 0.04), but this is of uncertain clinical relevance. The reported benefits of SR designs do not provide demonstrable functional advantages in the short term.