bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile‐encoding reconstruction for multiple‐acquisition balanced steady‐state free precession imaging
Authors: Ilicak Efe , Senel Lutfi Kerem , Biyik Erdem , Çukur Tolga 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe scan‐efficiency in multiple‐acquisition balanced steady‐state free precession imaging can be maintained by accelerating and reconstructing each phase‐cycled acquisition individually, but this strategy ignores correlated structural information among acquisitions. Here, an improved acceleration framework is proposed that jointly processes undersampled data across N phase cycles.MethodsPhase‐cycled imaging is cast as a profile‐encoding problem, modeling each image as an artifact‐free image multiplied with a distinct balanced steady‐state free precession profile. A profile‐encoding reconstruction (PE‐SSFP) is employed to recover missing data by enforcing joint sparsity and total‐variation penalties across phase cycles. PE‐SSFP is compared with individual compressed‐sensing and parallel‐imaging (ESPIRiT) reconstructions.ResultsIn the brain and the knee, PE‐SSFP yields improved image quality compared to individual compressed‐sensing and other tested methods particularly for higher N values. On average, PE‐SSFP improves peak SNR by 3.8 ± 3.0 dB (mean ± s.e. across N = 2–8) and structural similarity by 1.4 ± 1.2% over individual compressed‐sensing, and peak SNR by 5.6 ± 0.7 dB and structural similarity by 7.1 ± 0.5% over ESPIRiT.ConclusionPE‐SSFP attains improved image quality and preservation of high‐spatial‐frequency information at high acceleration factors, compared to conventional reconstructions. PE‐SSFP is a promising technique for scan‐efficient balanced steady‐state free precession imaging with improved reliability against field inhomogeneity. Magn Reson Med 78:1316–1329, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Gradient and shim pre‐emphasis by inversion of a linear time‐invariant system model
Authors: Vannesjo S. Johanna , Duerst Yolanda , Vionnet Laetitia , Dietrich Benjamin E. , Pavan Matteo , Gross Simon , Barmet Christoph , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe goal of this contribution is to enhance the fidelity and switching speed of gradient and shim fields by advancing pre‐emphasis toward broadband and full cross‐term correction.Theory and MethodsThe proposed approach is based on viewing gradient and shim chains as linear, time‐invariant (LTI) systems. Pre‐emphasis is accomplished by inversion of a broadband digital system model. In the multiple‐channel case, it amounts to a matrix of broadband filters that perform concerted self‐ and cross‐term correction. This approach is demonstrated with gradients and shims up to the third order in a 7 Tesla whole‐body MR system.ResultsPre‐emphasis by LTI model inversion is first verified by studying settling speeds and response behavior without and with the correction. It is then demonstrated for rapid shim updating, achieving substantially enhanced fidelity of field dynamics and shim settling within approximately 1 ms. In single‐shot echo‐planar imaging (EPI) acquisitions in vivo, this benefit is shown to translate into enhanced geometric fidelity.ConclusionsThe fidelity of gradient and shim dynamics can be greatly enhanced by pre‐emphasis based on inverting a general LTI system model. Permitting shim settling on the millisecond scale, broadband multiple‐channel pre‐emphasis promises to render higher‐order shimming fully versatile at the level of MRI sequence design. Magn Reson Med 78:1607–1622, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Synthesis and characterization of novel semiaromatic copolyamides bearing both polar hydroxyl and unsaturated allyl substituents
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Qi Xiang , Zhang Fei , Zhu Yingdan , Wan Xinhua 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTA series of novel semiaromatic (co)polyamides, poly(octylene terephthalamide)‐ran‐poly[octylene 2,5‐bis(allyloxy)terephthalamide] (APA8T‐x, x represents the molar fraction of allyloxy containing structure unit), were prepared via the interfacial polymerization of 1,8‐diaminooctane, terephthaloyl chloride, and 2,5‐bis(allyloxy)terephthaloyl chloride. The polymerization conditions were optimized in terms of the yields and the molecular weights of the resultant polymers. These polymers were converted to the target macromolecules, poly(octylene terephthalamide)‐ran‐poly[octylene (2,5‐dihydroxy‐3,6‐diallyl)terephthalamide] (CRPA8T‐x), through solid state Claisen rearrangement reaction, as characterized by 1H NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopies. While APA8T‐x was only soluble in very limited solvents, the solubility of CRPA8T‐x in polar solvents improved remarkably, especially for those with high counit content. Due to the polarity of hydroxyl group, CRPA8T‐x showed an improved hydrophilicity than APA8T‐x. The treatment of aramid fibers with CRPA8T‐x, as sizing agents, enhanced obviously their interfacial adhesion toward epoxy resin. The fibers sized with 0.5 wt% CRPA8T‐75 solution in the mixture of 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane and phenol (40:60, w/w) exhibited a maximum increase of 60% in interfacial shear strength than the naked fibers. The easy preparation and the facility for the further modification through the dual functional substituents may greatly widen the application of semiaromatic polyamides. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 690–698
Therapeutic laryngoscopy during exercise: A novel non‐surgical therapy for refractory EILO
Authors: Olin J. Tod , Deardorff Emily H. , Fan Elizabeth M. , Johnston Kristina L. , Keever Valerie L. , Moore Camille M. , Bender Bruce G. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundExercise‐induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) may affect as many as 6% of the adolescent population, with some patients experiencing symptoms refractory to conservative interventions.ObjectivesThis report describes therapeutic laryngoscopy during exercise, a novel, non‐surgical intervention that harnesses real‐time laryngoscopy video as biofeedback to control laryngeal aperture during high‐intensity exercise. Additionally, we quantitate patient‐reported perceptions of procedure safety, tolerability, learning value, and effectiveness.MethodsClinical EILO patients with symptoms refractory to conventional respiratory retraining and other therapies were referred for the procedure which features laryngoscopy video as biofeedback during serial physician‐guided 1‐min exercise sprints. We quantify perceptions of procedure safety, tolerability, learning value, and effectiveness through questionnaires offered to all patients as well as observers of the procedure.ResultsForty‐one patients and 37 parent observers were approached for feedback; 88% of patients and 95% of observers consented to participation. Patients and observers reported perceptions of safety and tolerability (81% and 86%, respectively), learning value (78% and 91%, respectively), and effectiveness (58% and 80%, respectively) with patient age predicting some responses. Seventy‐five percent of patients noted that “Since the procedure, my breathing during exercise has improved,” and 85% of this group noted that therapeutic laryngoscopy during exercise was “the most important therapy leading to my breathing improvement.” The procedure also provided insight into the psychological experience of patients, a domain not clinically apparent prior to the procedure.ConclusionsOur data support further study of therapeutic laryngoscopy during exercise as a possible intervention for patients with refractory EILO. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:813–819. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implementation of cystic fibrosis clinical pathways improved physician adherence to care guidelines
Authors: Singh Sachinkumar B. , Shelton Annie U. , Greenberg Barbara , Starner Timothy D. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIntroductionThere is significant variability in clinical outcomes, including growth and lung function, between the various cystic fibrosis (CF) centers. No specific or unique therapeutic practices have been identified to account for these differences. However, more uniform care within centers was associated with better outcomes. The objective of this study was to implement clinical pathways for diagnosis and treatment of nutritional failure and lung inflammation in order to achieve better health care provider adherence to center‐specific, agreed‐on practices.MethodsAgreed‐on clinical pathway treatment plans for both nutrition and lower airway inflammation were implemented on January 1, 2010. The primary outcome measure was to evaluate if patients’ diagnoses and treatments were consistent with the agreed‐on clinical pathways.ResultsThe proportion of clinic visits from baseline to 18 months post‐intervention where the provider completely followed nutrition clinical pathway increased from 57.72% to 79.49% (P = 0.049) and the proportion for lower airway inflammation clinical pathway increased from 65.85% to 86.32% (P = 0.035). The use of nutritional diagnosis and documentation of associated clinical pathway in the clinical plan increased from 16.26% to 61.54% and 56.10% to 94.87%, respectively. Similarly, diagnosis of lower airway inflammation and documentation related to their treatment plans increased from 1.63% to 43.59% and 30.08% to 87.18%, respectively.ConclusionImplementation of clinical pathways for nutrition and lower airway inflammation issues resulted in more uniform care of CF patients. Having objective criteria for diagnoses and agreed‐on treatment plans for each of those diagnoses allowed for monitoring and individual feedback. Increases in utilization of correct diagnoses and discussion of specific therapeutic interventions in the clinic notes were associated with increased adherence to clinical pathways. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:175–181. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of the Level of Anastomosis on Reflux Esophagitis Following Esophagectomy with Gastric Tube Reconstruction
Authors: Sakai Makoto , Sohda Makoto , Miyazaki Tatsuya , Yoshida Tomonori , Kumakura Yuji , Honjo Hiroaki , Hara Keigo , Yokobori Takehiko , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundAmong patients who undergo gastric tube reconstruction after esophagectomy, it is generally accepted that the incidence of reflux esophagitis (RE) is significantly lower in patients with neck anastomosis than in those with intrathoracic anastomosis. However, the true impact of the level of anastomosis on RE currently remains unclear.MethodsWe examined 53 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer underwent radical esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction and neck anastomosis. The level of anastomosis was assessed by measuring the distance from the sternal notch to the stapled ring by computed tomography. The relative level of anastomosis was calculated by the distance from the sternal notch to the most caudal side of the stapled ring (mm)/height (cm).ResultsThe relative level of anastomosis in 30 (56.6%) patients showed <0, which indicated that anastomosis in these patients was located at a lower level than the sternal notch. The mean relative level of anastomosis was significantly lower in patients with RE (grade A to D) than in those without RE (grade N) (−0.062 vs. −0.012 mm/cm, respectively; p = 0.043). RE was more severe with a lower relative level of anastomosis (p for trends = 0.044).ConclusionsThe level of anastomosis in patients with gastric tube reconstruction following esophagectomy was associated with the incidence of RE. The displacement of anastomosis into the thoracic cavity was detected in approximately half of the patients with neck anastomosis. RE was more severe with a lower level of anastomosis, even in patients with neck anastomosis.
Strategies for manipulation of oxygen utilization by the electron transfer chain in microbes for metabolic engineering purposes
Authors: Bennett George N , San Ka-Yiu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMicroaerobic growth is of importance in ecological niches, pathogenic infections and industrial production of chemicals. The use of low levels of oxygen enables the cell to gain energy and grow more robustly in the presence of a carbon source that can be oxidized and provide electrons to the respiratory chain in the membrane. A considerable amount of information is available on the genes and proteins involved in respiratory growth and the regulation of genes involved in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. The dependence of regulation on sensing systems that respond to reduced quinones (e.g. ArcB) or oxygen levels that affect labile redox components of transcription regulators (Fnr) are key in understanding the regulation. Manipulation of the amount of respiration can be difficult to control in dense cultures or inadequately mixed reactors leading to inhomogeneous cultures that may have lower than optimal performance. Efforts to control respiration through genetic means have been reported and address mutations affecting components of the electron transport chain. In a recent report completion for intermediates of the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway was used to dial the level of respiration vs lactate formation in an aerobically grown E. coli culture.
Social clustering in 5th-c. Constantinople: the evidence of the Notitia
Authors: Anderson Benjamin 
Published: October 2016

Clustering of residents of similar social status, ethnic or religious identity, or geographical origin into distinct areas of a city is a “common, but by no means universal, attribute of urban neighborhoods”. Different cities within a single culture and era exhibit diversity in the occurrence and nature of clustering: “there is no such thing as a ‘typical’ pattern of clustering within, say, Medieval cities or Islamic cities”.The existence and nature of clustering in Roman cities have rarely been the object of systematic study, and most contributions have focused on textual evidence for clustering in the city of Rome. A recent consideration of Rome under the Principate findsno evidence for strong clustering along social lines. The evidence points rather to the reverse: social mixing, at all levels.Similarly, a study of the neighborhoods of Augustan Rome observes that,although areas of the city might develop reputations as more or less desirable, ancient Rome was not generally segregated by class. Apartment buildings for poorer residents existed alongside the houses of more affluent residents in almost every quarter of the city.
E1A enhances cellular sensitivity to DNA-damage-induced apoptosis through PIDD-dependent caspase-2 activation
Authors: Radke Jay R , Siddiqui Zeba K , Figueroa Iris , Cook James L 
Published: October 2016

AbstractExpression of the adenoviral protein, E1A, sensitizes mammalian cells to a wide variety of apoptosis-inducing agents through multiple cellular pathways. For example, E1A sensitizes cells to apoptosis induced by TNF-superfamily members by inhibiting NF-kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent gene expression. In contrast, E1A sensitization to nitric oxide, an inducer of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, is not dependent upon repression of NF-κB-dependent transcription but rather is dependent upon caspase-2 activation. The latter observation suggested that E1A-induced enhancement of caspase-2 activation might be a critical factor in cellular sensitization to other intrinsic apoptosis pathway-inducing agents. Etoposide and gemcitabine are two DNA damaging agents that induce intrinsic apoptosis. Here we report that E1A-induced sensitization to both of these agents, like NO, is independent of NF-κB activation but dependent on caspase-2 activation. The results show that caspase-2 is a key mitochondrial-injuring caspase during etoposide and gemcitabine-induced apoptosis of E1A-positive cells, and that caspase-2 is required for induction of caspase-3 activity by both chemotherapeutic agents. Expression of PIDD was required for caspase-2 activation, mitochondrial injury and enhanced apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, E1A-enhanced sensitivity to injury-induced apoptosis required PIDD cleavage to PIDD-CC. These results define the PIDD/caspase-2 pathway as a key apical, mitochondrial-injuring mechanism in E1A-induced sensitivity of mammalian cells to chemotherapeutic agents.
Disposal of iron by a mutant form of lipocalin 2
Authors: Barasch Jonathan , Hollmen Maria , Deng Rong , Hod Eldad A. , Rupert Peter B. , Abergel Rebecca J. , Allred Benjamin E. , Xu Katherine , Darrah Shaun F. , Tekabe Yared , Perlstein Alan , Wax Rebecca , Bruck Efrat , Stauber Jacob , Corbin Kaitlyn A. , Buchen Charles , Slavkovich Vesna , Graziano Joseph , Spitalnik Steven L. , Bao Guanhu , Strong Roland K. , Qiu Andong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIron overload damages many organs. Unfortunately, therapeutic iron chelators also have undesired toxicity and may deliver iron to microbes. Here we show that a mutant form (K3Cys) of endogenous lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is filtered by the kidney but can bypass sites of megalin-dependent recapture, resulting in urinary excretion. Because K3Cys maintains recognition of its cognate ligand, the iron siderophore enterochelin, this protein can capture and transport iron even in the acidic conditions of urine. Mutant LCN2 strips iron from transferrin and citrate, and delivers it into the urine. In addition, it removes iron from iron overloaded mice, including models of acquired (iron-dextran or stored red blood cells) and primary (Hfe−/−) iron overload. In each case, the mutants reduce redox activity typical of non-transferrin-bound iron. In summary, we present a non-toxic strategy for iron chelation and urinary elimination, based on manipulating an endogenous protein:siderophore:iron clearance pathway.
In situ single-atom array synthesis using dynamic holographic optical tweezers
Authors: Kim Hyosub , Lee Woojun , Lee Han-gyeol , Jo Hanlae , Song Yunheung , Ahn Jaewook 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEstablishing a reliable method to form scalable neutral-atom platforms is an essential cornerstone for quantum computation, quantum simulation and quantum many-body physics. Here we demonstrate a real-time transport of single atoms using holographic microtraps controlled by a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. For this, an analytical design approach to flicker-free microtrap movement is devised and cold rubidium atoms are simultaneously rearranged with 2N motional degrees of freedom, representing unprecedented space controllability. We also accomplish an in situ feedback control for single-atom rearrangements with the high success rate of 99% for up to 10 μm translation. We hope this proof-of-principle demonstration of high-fidelity atom-array preparations will be useful for deterministic loading of N single atoms, especially on arbitrary lattice locations, and also for real-time qubit shuttling in high-dimensional quantum computing architectures.
The Cardamine hirsuta genome offers insight into the evolution of morphological diversity
Authors: Gan Xiangchao , Hay Angela , Kwantes Michiel , Haberer Georg , Hallab Asis , Ioio Raffaele Dello , Hofhuis Hugo , Pieper Bjorn , Cartolano Maria , Neumann Ulla , Nikolov Lachezar A. , Song Baoxing , Hajheidari Mohsen , Briskine Roman , Kougioumoutzi Evangelia , Vlad Daniela , Broholm Suvi , Hein Jotun , Meksem Khalid , Lightfoot David , Shimizu Kentaro K. , Shimizu-Inatsugi Rie , Imprialou Martha , Kudrna David , Wing Rod , Sato Shusei , Huijser Peter , Filatov Dmitry , Mayer Klaus F. X. , Mott Richard , Tsiantis Miltos 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFinding causal relationships between genotypic and phenotypic variation is a key focus of evolutionary biology, human genetics and plant breeding. To identify genome-wide patterns underlying trait diversity, we assembled a high-quality reference genome of Cardamine hirsuta, a close relative of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We combined comparative genome and transcriptome analyses with the experimental tools available in C. hirsuta to investigate gene function and phenotypic diversification. Our findings highlight the prevalent role of transcription factors and tandem gene duplications in morphological evolution. We identified a specific role for the transcriptional regulators PLETHORA5/7 in shaping leaf diversity and link tandem gene duplication with differential gene expression in the explosive seed pod of C. hirsuta. Our work highlights the value of comparative approaches in genetically tractable species to understand the genetic basis for evolutionary change.
Synthesis of Micelles Guided Magnetite (Fe3O4) Hollow Spheres and their application for AC Magnetic Field Responsive Drug Release
Authors: Mandal Goswami Madhuri 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper reports on synthesis of hollow spheres of magnetite, guided by micelles and their application in drug release by the stimulus responsive technique. Here oleyelamine micelles are used as the core substance for the formation of magnetite nano hollow spheres (NHS). Diameter and shell thickness of NHS have been changed by changing concentration of the micelles. Mechanism of NHS formation has been established by investigating the aliquot collected at different time during the synthesis of NHS. It has been observed that oleyelamine as micelles play an important role to generate hollow-sphere particles of different diameter and thickness just by varying its amount. Structural analysis was done by XRD measurement and morphological measurements, SEM and TEM were performed to confirm the shape and size of the NHS. FTIR measurement support the formation of magnetite phase too. Frequency dependent AC magnetic measurements and AC magnetic field stimulated drug release event by these particles provide a direction of the promising application of these NHS for better cancer treatment in near future. Being hollow & porous in structure and magnetic in nature, such materials will also be useful in other applications such as in removal of toxic materials, magnetic separation etc.
Clinical analysis of HIV/AIDS patients with drug eruption in Yunnan, China
Authors: Li Yu-Ye , Jin Yong-Mei , He Li-Ping , Bai Jin-Song , Liu Jun , Yu Min , Chen Jian-Hua , Wen Jing , Kuang Yi-Qun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDrug eruption is the most common clinical presentation in patients with HIV/AIDS. The systemic clinical and risk factors associated with drug eruption remain unknown. A retrospective analysis in HIV/AIDS patients with drug eruption was carried out with demographic data, epidemiological data, clinical characteristics, laboratory data and follow-up data. The risk factors correlated with prognosis were assessed by case control analysis. A total of 134 out of 1817 HIV/AIDS patients (7.4%) presented drug eruptions. The major class of sensitizing drug was HAART drugs (47.7%), followed by antibiotics (47.0%). Nevirapine (39.6%) was the most common sensitizing drug in the HAART regimens. The patients received HAART or had allergic history were prone to develop drug eruption. The alanine aminotransferase, albumin, globulin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lymphocytes, red blood cells (RBC) and eosinophils of the drug eruption patients were significantly different the control patients. The allergic history, opportunistic infection, viral load, CD4 cell count, high globulin and low albumin were the risk factors correlated with death in HIV/AIDS patients with drug eruption. It is proposed that patients with higher viral loads, higher globulin levels and lower white blood cells (WBC) should be given special attention for the prevention of complications and death.