bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of contrast medium injection technique on attenuation values of adrenal glands in healthy dogs during contrast-enhanced computed tomography
Authors: Blaser Alexandra , Dennler Matthias , Mosing Martina , Gent Thomas C. , Santner Guido , Imhasly Sandro , Boretti Felicitas S. , Reusch Claudia E. , Kircher Patrick , Sieber-Ruckstuhl Nadja S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of 3 contrast medium injection techniques on attenuation values for canine adrenal glands during contrast-enhanced CT.
ANIMALS 9 healthy Beagles.
PROCEDURES 3 protocols were evaluated in a randomized cross-over design study: 700 mg of iodine/kg at a constant injection rate over 20 seconds (full-dose constant rate), the same dose at a rate following an exponential decay curve over 20 seconds (full-dose decelerated rate), and 350 mg of iodine/kg at a constant injection rate over 10 seconds (half-dose constant rate). Multislice CT images were obtained before and at predetermined time points after the start of contrast medium injection.
RESULTS Median peak attenuation values were 129, 133, and 87 Hounsfield units with the full-dose constant rate, full-dose decelerated rate, and half-dose constant rate injection protocols, respectively. Peak attenuation differed significantly between the full-dose constant rate and half-dose constant rate injection protocols and between the full-dose decelerated rate and half-dose constant rate injection protocols. Median time to peak attenuation did not differ significantly among injection methods and was 30, 23, and 15 seconds for the full-dose constant rate, full-dose decelerated rate, and half-dose constant rate injections, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The dose of contrast medium and the timing of postinjection CT scanning were main determinants of peak attenuation for adrenal glands in healthy dogs; effects of the 3 injection protocols on attenuation were minor. The exponentially decelerated injection method was subjectively complex. A constant injection protocol delivering 700 mg of iodine/kg over 20 seconds, with scans obtained approximately 30 seconds after starting contrast medium injection, provided images with maximum adrenal gland attenuation values. (Am J Vet Res 2016;77:144–150)
Two-dimensional left atrium–to–aorta ratios and left ventricular M-mode transthoracic echocardiographic measurements in clinically normal adult Dachshunds
Authors: Lim Chee Kin , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Green Henry W. , Kirberger Robert M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the left atrium–to–aorta ratio (LA:Ao) and establish 95% prediction intervals for left ventricular M-mode transthoracic echocardiographic measurements in clinically normal adult Dachshunds.
ANIMALS 40 healthy Dachshunds.
PROCEDURES For each dog, 3 standard 2-D echocardiographic methods (diameter, circumference, and cross-sectional area) were used to measure the left atrium and aorta and calculate the LA:Ao from right parasternal short axis (RPSA) images obtained at the level of the aortic valve cusps. Left ventricular M-mode measurements were acquired from RPSA images obtained at the chordal level immediately below the mitral valve. Descriptive data were generated, and the 95% prediction intervals were calculated by use of an allometric scaling equation and linear regression and compared with those calculated on the basis of data obtained from dogs of multiple breeds in a previous study.
RESULTS The mean (SD) LA:Ao was 1.40 (0.13), 2.09 (0.17), and 2.85 (0.48) for the diameter, circumference, and cross-sectional area methods, respectively. The 95% prediction intervals for the left ventricular M-mode measurements determined by an allometric scaling equation on the basis of Dachshund-specific data were narrower than those determined on the basis of data obtained from dogs of multiple breeds. For that allometric equation, scaling exponents on the basis of Dachshund-specific data ranged from 0.129 to 0.397 and did not absolutely conform to the presumed index for linear measurements (ie, body weight0.333).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The LA:Aos and 95% prediction intervals calculated in this study can be used as preliminary guidelines for echocardiographic measurements of clinically normal Dachshunds.
Role of tissue factor expression in thrombin generation by canine tumor cells
Authors: Gruber Erika J. , Catalfamo James L. , Stokol Tracy 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure thrombin generation by high and low tissue factor (TF)–expressing canine cancer cell lines.
SAMPLE Canine cell lines CMT25 (high TF–expressing mammary gland tumor cell line) and HMPOS (low TF–expressing osteosarcoma cell line).
PROCEDURES Thrombin generation by cancer cells was measured in pooled normal canine plasma by use of calibrated automated thrombography without added trigger reagents. Results were expressed as lag time, time to peak thrombin concentration, peak thrombin concentration, and total thrombin concentration or thrombin generation potential. Corn trypsin inhibitor, hirudin, and annexin V were used to inhibit contact activation, thrombin formation, and phosphatidylserine activity, respectively. Pooled normal human plasma deficient in coagulation factors VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, or XII was used to assess the role of individual coagulation factors on thrombin generation.
RESULTS CMT25 generated significantly more thrombin than did HMPOS (mean ± SD, 3,555 ± 604nM thrombin•min and 636 ± 440nM thrombin•min, respectively). Thrombin generation of CMT25 was dependent on factor VII and phosphatidylserine and was independent of contact activation. In contrast, thrombin generation of HMPOS was attributed to contact activation.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE High TF-expressing canine mammary cancer cells generated thrombin in a plasma milieu in vitro in a factor VII- and phosphatidylserine-dependent manner. These findings support a role for TF in hypercoagulability detected in dogs with mammary gland tumors and potentially for other tumors that strongly express TF.
La réussite de Tom, mon défi
Authors: Loubère Béatrice 
Published: March 2016

Avoir un enfant différent a impliqué tout d’abord pour moi d’accepter ce constat. J’ai mis un certain temps à le faire. Ensuite, la culpabilité me tenaille en permanence et encore plus lorsque Tom ne progresse pas comme je le souhaiterai. Cette lutte pour l’aider me fait penser à la lutte qu’on peut mener contre une maladie grave, avec des hauts et des bas, des périodes de rémission. Tout est si fragile. Ce qui pourrait aider les familles à mon sens, cela serait entre autres que les enseignants reçoivent une formation adaptée afin de mieux pouvoir appréhender les difficultés des élèves qui ne sont pas « ordinaires ». J’ai aussi souvent entendu que Tom avait de la chance d’être autant soutenu. Pour moi, cela a toujours été une évidence mais j’ai au fond de moi de la colère car je me sens bien seule pour mener mon combat. Mon but est de le pousser au maximum de ses possibilités. L’objectif : qu’il trouve sa voie et qu’il réussisse sa vie d’adulte. Mon rêve : que Tom, dans quelques années, puisse revoir les personnes qui n’ont pas cru en lui et qu’il les surprenne en leur racontant l’homme qu’il est devenu. Et à ce moment-là, je pourrai dire que le défi qui était le mien a bien été relevé.
استخدام موقع UpToDate الطبي كمصدرًا لدعم القرار الطبي القائم والمبني على الدليل من قبل أعضاء هيئة التدريس بكلية الطب والعلوم الصحية بجامعة السلطان قابوس
Authors: Salem AL-Hinai Abdullah 
Published: March 2016

استخدام موقع UpToDate الطبي كمصدرًا لدعم القرار الطبي القائم والمبني على الدليل من قبل أعضاء هيئة التدريس بكلية الطب والعلوم الصحية بجامعة السلطان قابوسيمثل موقع UpToDate مصدرًا لدعم القرار الطبي القائم المبني على الدليل، حيث يقوم عليه متخصصون، ومن ثم يحظى بثقة الأطباء لاستخدامه كمرجع في اتخاذ قرارات الرعاية الصحية الصائبة. حيث أن هناك أكثر من 5100 طبيب، وكاتب، ومحرر، ومراجع، ممن يتمتعون بشهرة عالمية، ينتهجون عملية تحرير دقيقة، تهدف إلى تجميع أحدث المعلومات الطبية، وإدخالها في شكل توصيات موثوق بها ومبنية على الأدلة، والتي ثبتت جدارتها في تحسين رعاية المرضى وجودتها.
ويعتمد الأطباء على موقع (UpToDate) كمصدر أساسي لاكتساب المعرفة الطبية لهم في مجال الرعاية الطبية، ذلك أنه يُراعَى في المعلومة المتاحة على هذا الموقع أن تكون مبنيةً على الأدلة ومحدثةً دائمًا، وإلى جانب سعة وعمق المحتوى، فإن الموقع يتيح إمكانية دخول المشتركين عبر جوالاتهم، واستعراض الأدوات والرسومات البيانية، والمقالات التكميلية المتعلقة ببيانات المرضى، بين خدمات أخرى كثيرة.
ولأهمية الموقع في المجال الرعاية الطبية فقد ارتأت المكتبة الطبية بجامعة السلطان قابوس بالاشتراك بالموقع وإتاحته لكافة فئات الاطباء والمساعدين بما يخدم توجهاتهم الطبية ويعمل على تحديث خبراتهم الطبية، وتوسيع نتاجات بحوثهم العلمية، بما يحقق جودة الرعاية الطبية.
ولأهمية الموقع العلمية والبحثية وفي اتخاذ القرار الطبي فان الدراسة الحالية تهدف الى التعرف على واقع استخدام موقع UpToDate الطبي من قبل أعضاء هيئة التدريس بكلية الطب والعلوم الصحية بجامعة السلطان قابوس ،من حيث التعرف على مدى إسهام وأهمية الموقع في اتخاذ القرار الطبي، ومعرفة واقع استخدام الخصائص التي يوفرها الموقع.
تقنية مراكز المعلومات :استثمار خفي لقطاع الشركات
Authors: Mahmoud Mekawy Mohamed 
Published: March 2016

تقنية مراكز المعلومات :استثمار خفي لقطاع الشركات لاشك ان المعلومات اليوم تعبتر هي أساس صناعة القرار ، سواء القرار السياسي أو التجاري أو خلافه ، وبالقطع فان الاستثمار الامثل في أي مجال قائم في الاساس ليس فقط على الحصول على المعلومة ولكن قائم على توظيف وتطويع المعلومات الصحيحة والدقيقة ، وبناءا علي ذلك فقد فطن مؤخرا جزء كبير من قطاع الشركات في مصر الي أهمية تقنية المعلومات من حفظ واستدعاء بل وتوظيف المعلومات محل الاهتمام كل في مجاله ، وأفرد لها جزءا من الميزانية لتطوير قطاعات نظم المعلومات باعتبارها عقل ومرجعية وتاريخ الشركات وتوجهت الي مايعرف باقتصاد المعلومات.
والدراسة تقدم نموذجًا لقيمة وهوية المعلومات في إطار مجتمع المعلومات ، ثم تسقط هذه الاطلالة النظرية على النواحي التطبيقية في قطاع الشركات في مصر ومدي الاموال التي يمكن توفيرها من جراء استخدام تقنية المعلومات المستخدمة في إدارة الوثائق والمستندات والملفات.
وفي النهاية : تستخلص الدراسة عدة توصيات عملية ارشادية للشركات في إطار الاستثمار الامثل لكافة مواردها.
قيادة المعلومات الاستراتيجية : تجربتان والشاهد واحد
Authors: Qatr Mahmoud 
Published: March 2016

قيادة المعلومات الاستراتيجية : تجربتان والشاهد واحدتسعى هذه الورقة للإجابة على الأسئلة :
هل يمتلك المهنيون الكفايات المطلوبة والأدوات اللازمة لتمكينهم من إحداث التغيير في المكتبات ومؤسسات المعلومات الخاصة بهم ؟
هل هم قادرون من تحديد المعوقات ومحددات العمل التي تحول دون إحداث التغيير بل وجاهزون في التصدي لها ؟
كيف يمكنهم من مواجهة مقاومة التغيير سواء من قبل الإدارات العليا وأصحاب القرار أو زملاء العمل ؟
وذلك من خلال الإشارة إلى تجربتين شخصيتين للباحث كانت قضية قيادة المعلومات الاستراتيجية فيهما على المحك ، والتجربتين دارتا في النصف الأول من عام 2012 ، الأولى كانت أثناء قيادة قطاع المكتبات بجامعة حلوان وإصرار الإدارة العليا على مدار سنتين على اقتطاع مكتبات الكليات من الكليات وزرعها قسرياً بجسد المكتبة المركزية وكيف تم مواجهة ذلك والنتائج والدروس المستفادة .
والتجربة الثانية كانت أثناء قيادة المكتبة الوطنية (دار الكتب) ومحاولة تمكين منسوبيها من الأدوات والمهارات الكافية لإحداث التغيير المأمول بكافة إداراتها وأقسامها ، وكيف تمت إجهاض تلك المحاولة من قبل الإدارة العليا والوزارة التابعة لها المكتبة الوطنية .
كما تضم الورقة مجموعة من التوصيات الواجب القيام بها للخروج من هذا المأزق (الإداري/ السياسي) الذي يصادف الكثيرين من القيادات المهنية بمرافق المعلومات .. وتخلص الورقة إلى أن "الإرادة المهنية" لن يمكنها إحداث التغيير المنشود دون مساندة من "الإرادات السياسية" ببلادنا العربية.
Physical, Proximate and Anti-nutritional Composition of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) Seeds Varieties
Authors: Ajibola Ghaniyah O. , Olapade Abiodun A. 
Published: March 2016

The physical, proximate and anti-nutritional properties of five accessions of African yam bean (AYB) seeds (TSs 57, TSs 61, TSs 93, TSs 94 and TSs 116) obtained from Genetic Resource Centre (GRC) of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) were studied and compared. This was aimed at unraveling the nutritional importance of this crop to enhance its production and utilisation. The physical properties investigated include seed size, length to diameter ratio, seed weight, percentage of seed coat, bulk density and loose density. Proximate composition and anti-nutritional factors such as saponin, oxalate, phytate, alkaloids, tannin, trypsin inhibitor and hydrogen cyanide of these accessions processed flours were also examined. The results of physical properties indicated significant differences (P&lt;0.05) among the accessions except accessions TSs 93 and TSs 94 that did not differ in their lengths and diameters and also accessions TSs 61 and TSs 116 did not differ in their thicknesses. Results of proximate analysis revealed that crude fibre, fat and carbohydrate contents of the accessions were not significantly different from one another at (P&lt;0.05) except TSs 94 that differed in its carbohydrate and TSs 116 also differed in its crude fibre from others. Meanwhile, in terms of anti-nutritional factors, there existed no significant difference in saponin contents but there were significant differences in oxalate, phytate, alkaloids, tannin, trypsin inhibitor and hydrogen cyanide among the accessions tested.
Volcano deformation source parameters estimated from InSAR: Sensitivities to uncertainties in seismic tomography
Authors: Masterlark Timothy , Donovan Theodore , Feigl Kurt L. , Haney Matthew , Thurber Clifford H. , Tung Sui 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe eruption cycle of a volcano is controlled in part by the upward migration of magma. The characteristics of the magma flux produce a deformation signature at the Earth's surface. Inverse analyses use geodetic data to estimate strategic controlling parameters that describe the position and pressurization of a magma chamber at depth. The specific distribution of material properties controls how observed surface deformation translates to source parameter estimates. Seismic tomography models describe the spatial distributions of material properties that are necessary for accurate models of volcano deformation. This study investigates how uncertainties in seismic tomography models propagate into variations in the estimates of volcano deformation source parameters inverted from geodetic data. We conduct finite element model‐based nonlinear inverse analyses of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data for Okmok volcano, Alaska, as an example. We then analyze the estimated parameters and their uncertainties to characterize the magma chamber. Analyses are performed separately for models simulating a pressurized chamber embedded in a homogeneous domain as well as for a domain having a heterogeneous distribution of material properties according to seismic tomography. The estimated depth of the source is sensitive to the distribution of material properties. The estimated depths for the homogeneous and heterogeneous domains are 2666 ± 42 and 3527 ± 56 m below mean sea level, respectively (99% confidence). A Monte Carlo analysis indicates that uncertainties of the seismic tomography cannot account for this discrepancy at the 99% confidence level. Accounting for the spatial distribution of elastic properties according to seismic tomography significantly improves the fit of the deformation model predictions and significantly influences estimates for parameters that describe the location of a pressurized magma chamber.
Paired stable isotopologues in precipitation and vapor: A case study of the amount effect within western tropical Pacific storms
Authors: Conroy Jessica L. , Noone David , Cobb Kim M. , Moerman Jessica W. , Konecky Bronwen L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUnderstanding controls on the stable isotopic composition of precipitation and vapor in the West Pacific Warm Pool is vital for accurate representation of convective processes in models and correct interpretation of isotope‐based paleoclimate proxies, yet a lack of direct observational evidence precludes the utility of these isotopic tracers. Results from a measurement campaign at Manus Island, Papua New Guinea from 28 April to 8 May 2013 demonstrate variability in the stable isotopic composition (δD and δ18O) of precipitation and vapor in individual precipitation events and over a 10 day period. Isotope ratios in water vapor and precipitation progressively increased throughout the period of measurement, coincident with a transition from high to low regional convective activity. Vapor isotope ratios approached equilibrium with seawater during the quiescent period and likely reflected downwind advection of distilled vapor and re‐evaporation of rainfall during the period of regional convection. On a 5 min timescale across individual storms, isotope ratios in precipitation were strongly correlated with isotope ratios in surface vapor. However, individual precipitation isotope ratios were not strongly correlated with surface meteorological data, including precipitation rate, in all storms. Yet across all events, precipitation deuterium excess was negatively correlated with surface temperature, sea level pressure, and cloud base height and positively correlated with precipitation rate and relative humidity. Paired surface precipitation and vapor isotope ratios indicate condensation at boundary layer temperatures. The ratio of these paired values decreased with increasing precipitation rate during some precipitation events, suggesting rain re‐evaporation and precipitation in equilibrium with an isotopically distinct upper level moisture source. Results from the short campaign support the interpretation that isotope ratios in precipitation and vapor in the western tropical Pacific are indicators of regional convective intensity at the timescale of days to weeks. However, a nonstationary relationship between rain rate and stable isotope ratios in precipitation during individual convective events suggests that condensation, rain evaporation, moisture recycling, and regional moisture convergence do not always yield an amount effect relationship on intraevent timescales.
Statistical downscaling of North Atlantic tropical cyclone frequency and the amplified role of the Caribbean low‐level jet in a warmer climate
Authors: Jones Jhordanne J. , Stephenson Tannecia S. , Taylor Michael A. , Campbell Jayaka D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study assesses the skill of four statistical models in hindcasting North Atlantic annual tropical cyclone (TC) frequency over 1950–2008 with the aim of projecting future activity. Three of the models are motivated by operational statistical forecast schemes and are premised on standard hurricane predictors including sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and near‐surface zonal winds. The fourth model uses an SST gradient index previously proposed for Caribbean seasonal rainfall prediction. The statistical models, created from backward regression, explain 24–48% of the observed variability in 1950–2008 annual TC frequency. The future state of the predictors is extracted from the ECHAM5, HadCM3, MRI CGCM2.3.2a, and MIROC3.2 global climate model (GCM) simulations under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3. Models utilizing SST and near‐surface wind predictors suggest significant increases in mean annual frequency by 2–8 TCs by 2070–2090, compared to a single surface wind predictor model, indicating that positive trends in SSTs under global warming have a larger relative influence on projections than changes in the variability of the surface winds. Wind‐only models exhibit declines in TC frequency, while the SST gradient model yields little change relative to the present‐day mean. Backward regression reapplied against the 1990–2008 period, analogous to future warmer oceanic and atmospheric state relative to the earlier years in the record, retains only the Caribbean low‐level jet (CLLJ)‐type predictors, explaining up to 82% of TC frequency variability and suggesting a more dominant role for the CLLJ in a warmer climate. Projections using the new models show either a more conservative increase or a stronger decrease in frequency, consistent with a stronger CLLJ.
Generalization of the lightning electromagnetic equations of Uman, McLain, and Krider based on Jefimenko equations
Authors: Shao Xuan‐Min 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe fundamental electromagnetic equations used by lightning researchers were introduced in a seminal paper by Uman, McLain, and Krider in 1975. However, these equations were derived for an infinitely thin, one‐dimensional source current, and not for a general three‐dimensional current distribution. In this paper, we introduce a corresponding pair of generalized equations that are determined from a three‐dimensional, time‐dependent current density distribution based on Jefimenko's original electric and magnetic equations. To do this, we derive the Jefimenko electric field equation into a new form that depends only on the time‐dependent current density similar to that of Uman, McLain, and Krider, rather than on both the charge and current densities in its original form. The original Jefimenko magnetic field equation depends only on current, so no further derivation is needed. We show that the equations of Uman, McLain, and Krider can be readily obtained from the generalized equations if a one‐dimensional source current is considered. For the purpose of practical applications, we discuss computational implementation of the new equations and present electric field calculations for a three‐dimensional, conical‐shape discharge.
Pathological α‐synuclein in gastrointestinal tissues from prodromal Parkinson disease patients
Authors: Stokholm Morten Gersel , Danielsen Erik Hvid , Hamilton‐Dutoit Stephen Jacques , Borghammer Per 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveIt has been hypothesized that Lewy pathology initiates in the enteric nervous system years prior to debut of clinical motor symptoms in Parkinson disease patients. This study investigates whether Lewy pathology is present in various gastrointestinal tract tissues from Parkinson disease patients in the prodromal phase.MethodsWe used the Danish National Pathology Registry to identify archived paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks from 57 Parkinson disease patients (98 blocks) and 90 control subjects (98 blocks). We employed 2 different immunohistochemistry techniques visualizing aggregated α‐synuclein and phosphorylated α‐synuclein.ResultsThirty‐nine Parkinson disease patients contributed tissues obtained in the prodromal disease phase, whereas 18 Parkinson disease patients contributed tissues obtained solely after Parkinson diagnosis. Prodromal tissues were obtained on average 7.0 years prior to diagnosis (range = 20 years to 4 months), and postdiagnosis tissue on average 2.8 years after diagnosis (range = 2 days to 18 years). Phosphorylated α‐synuclein positivity was seen in 22 of 39 (56%) prodromal Parkinson disease subjects and 30 of 67 (45%) prodromal tissue blocks. These fractions were significantly higher compared to control subjects (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0032, respectively). In contrast, no significant difference was seen in the positivity rate between prodromal Parkinson disease patients and controls when using the aggregated α‐synuclein immunohistochemistry technique.InterpretationWe detected Lewy pathology in the gastrointestinal tract of patients up to 20 years prior to their Parkinson disease diagnosis. These findings are in accordance with a hypothesized prodromal disease phase spanning 10 to 20 years. Ann Neurol 2016;79:940–949