bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Good collateral circulation predicts favorable outcomes in intravenous thrombolysis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Leng X. , Lan L. , Liu L. , Leung T. W. , Wong K. S. 
Published: August 2016

Background and purposeBaseline collateral status has been correlated with outcomes of acute ischaemic stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in previous studies. We carried out the current systematic review and meta‐analysis to synthesize currently available evidence regarding such correlations.MethodsFull‐text articles published since 2000 were retrieved and screened. The overall effect sizes of good versus poor collateral status over a series of outcomes and certain baseline features were estimated by random‐effects models and presented in risk ratios (RRs) or mean differences.ResultsOverall, 28 (3057 patients) and 14 (1584 patients) studies were included in qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. Compared with poor pre‐treatment collateral status, good collaterals showed a beneficial effect over the primary outcome of a favorable functional outcome at 3 or 6 months [RR, 2.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.94–3.09; P < 0.001] in acute ischaemic stroke patients receiving IVT treatment. However, such an effect tended to be different between studies with prescribed time windows of 3, 4.5 and > 4.5 h (up to 7 h), with the RRs being 2.21, 2.48 and 5.00, respectively (I2 = 53%). Good pre‐treatment collaterals were also associated with a smaller infarct size at baseline, and a lower rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and a higher rate of neurological improvement early after IVT treatment.ConclusionsThe present study has demonstrated the prognostic value of baseline collateral circulation for outcomes of acute ischaemic stroke patients receiving intravenous reperfusion therapies, studied with different time windows of up to 7 h after ictus for IVT therapy.
Circadian oscillations of KaiA‐KaiC and KaiB‐KaiC complex formations in an in vitro reconstituted KaiABC clock oscillator
Authors: Murakami Reiko , Mutoh Risa , Ishii Ketaro , Ishiura Masahiro 
Published: August 2016

The circadian clock is an endogenous biological mechanism that generates autonomous daily cycles in physiological activities. The phosphorylation levels of KaiC oscillated with a period of 24 h in an ATP‐dependent clock oscillator reconstituted in vitro from KaiA, KaiB and KaiC. We examined the complex formations of KaiA and KaiB with KaiC in the KaiABC clock oscillator by fluorescence correlation spectrometry (FCS) analysis. The formation of KaiB‐containing protein complex(es) oscillated in a circadian manner, with a single peak at 12 h and single trough at 24 h in the circadian cycle, whereas that of KaiA‐containing protein complex(es) oscillated with two peaks at 12 and 24 h. FCS and surface plasmon resonance analyses showed that the binding affinity of KaiA for a mutant KaiC with Ala substitutions at the two phosphorylation sites considered to mimic the nonphosphorylated form of KaiC (np‐KaiC) was higher than that for a mutant KaiC with Asp substitutions at the two phosphorylation sites considered to mimic the completely phosphorylated form of KaiC (cp‐KaiC). The results from the study suggest that a KaiA‐KaiB‐cp‐KaiC ternary complex and a KaiA‐np‐KaiC complex were formed at 12 and 24 h, respectively.
Psychometric field testing of the HemoLatin‐QoL questionnaire
Authors: Remor E. 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThe present work aims to describe the psychometric field testing of the Latin American Hemophilia‐Specific Quality of Life Assessment Measure for Adults (the HemoLatin‐QoL questionnaire) in 306 adults (age range 16–80) with haemophilia living in seven Latin American countries (i.e. Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Nicaragua, Panama, Uruguay and Venezuela).MethodsThe HemoLatin‐QoL questionnaire is a patient‐reported outcomes instrument that evaluates relevant health‐related quality‐of‐life domains for haemophilia, selected by an exploratory qualitative study with patients, and taking into account healthcare specialists in haemophilia also. Psychometric examination involved the assessment of the data quality, scaling assumptions, reliability (internal consistency and test–retest) and evidences for validity (dimensionality, convergent and external‐related clinical criterion).ResultsA 27‐item version with a six‐factor structure (e.g. physical functioning, pain, emotional functioning, social functioning, mental health, environment conditions) was psychometrically tested using exploratory factor analysis. The instrument and its subscales fulfilled the construct (dimensionality, convergent and criterion‐related) validity hypotheses. The criteria for adequate internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the HemoLatin‐QoL instrument were also met.ConclusionThe HemoLatin‐QoL showed acceptable psychometric properties with respect to responses from haemophilia patients. The questionnaire is now available for adult assessment and is ready for use in research in Latin America.
Australian Girls' Reading in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: A Survey of the Necessary Approaches
Authors: Lowe Bronwyn 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAlthough the history of girlhood has attracted growing attention around the world, there still remains a lot to uncover, particularly in the Australian context. This article addresses the history of girls' reading habits in the first half of the twentieth century: examining where progress has been made in this area, and looking at avenues for further discussion – particularly in the examination of gender roles and in notions of growing up. This article argues that in completing a history of girls' reading habits, new light can be shed on these important areas of study. The article also addresses questions of methodology, examining autobiographies and memoirs as a particularly rich source for memories about girls' reading.
Presentation for care and antenatal management of HIV in the UK, 2009−2014
Authors: French CE , Thorne C , Byrne L , Cortina‐Borja M , Tookey PA 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesDespite very low rates of vertical transmission of HIV in the UK overall, rates are higher among women starting antenatal antiretroviral therapy (ART) late. We investigated the timing of key elements of the care of HIV‐positive pregnant women [antenatal care booking, HIV laboratory assessment (CD4 count and HIV viral load) and antenatal ART initiation], to assess whether clinical practice is changing in line with recommendations, and to investigate factors associated with delayed care.MethodsWe used the UK's National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood for 2009−2014. Data were analysed by fitting logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsA total of 5693 births were reported; 79.5% were in women diagnosed with HIV prior to that pregnancy. Median gestation at antenatal booking was 12.1 weeks [interquartile range (IQR) 10.0–15.6 weeks] and booking was significantly earlier during 2012–2014 vs. 2009–2011 (P < 0.001), although only in previously diagnosed women. Overall, 42.2% of pregnancies were booked late (≥ 13 gestational weeks). Among women not already on treatment, antenatal ART commenced at a median of 21.4 (IQR18.1–24.5) weeks and started significantly earlier in the most recent time period (P < 0.001). Compared with previously diagnosed women, those newly diagnosed during the current pregnancy booked later for antenatal care and started antenatal ART later (both P < 0.001). Multivariable analyses revealed demographic variations in access to or uptake of care, with groups including migrants and parous women initiating care later.ConclusionsAlthough women are accessing antenatal and HIV care earlier in pregnancy, some continue to face barriers to timely initiation of antenatal care and ART.
Elvitegravir concentrations in seminal plasma in HIV‐1‐infected men
Authors: Imaz A , Niubó J , Kashuba AD , Ferrer E , Sykes C , Rozas N , Acerete L , Vila A , Podzamczer D 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to quantify elvitegravir (EVG) concentrations in the semen of HIV‐1‐infected men receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) consisting of an elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir (EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF) single‐tablet regimen.MethodsA phase IV, cross‐sectional study was carried out including HIV‐1‐infected male adults with suppressed plasma HIV‐1 RNA who switched ART to EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF. Total EVG concentrations at the end of the dosing interval (C24 h) and HIV‐1 RNA were measured in paired seminal plasma (SP) and blood plasma (BP) samples 4 weeks after switching to EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF. Validated liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) was used to quantify EVG concentrations, and HIV‐1 RNA was determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsTen men were included. Their median age was 40 years (range 24–47 years), the median time on ART was 50 months (range 10–186 months), the median time with plasma HIV‐1 RNA < 40 copies/mL was 37 months (range 7–113 months), and the median CD4 count was 737 cells/μL (range 190–1122 cells/μL). Four weeks after switching to EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF, all subjects had HIV‐1 RNA < 40 copies/mL in both BP and SP. Median EVG C24 h was 277 ng/mL (range 64.8–1790 ng/mL) in BP and 169 ng/mL (range 12.8–792 ng/mL) in SP. A significant correlation was observed between BP and SP EVG concentrations (Spearman rho 0.952; P < 0.001). The median SP:BP EVG concentration ratio was 0.39 (range 0.20–0.92). EVG C24 h in SP was at least 23‐fold the in vitro protein‐unbound 50% effective response (EC50) of HIV‐1 clinical isolates (0.04–0.55 ng/mL). In all but one individual, EVG C24 h in SP was also higher than the blood plasma protein binding‐adjusted 95% inhibitory concentration (IC95) of wild‐type HIV‐1 (45 ng/mL).ConclusionsSeminal EVG concentrations in HIV‐infected men treated with EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF sufficed to contribute to maintaining HIV‐1 RNA suppression in this compartment.
Direct‐acting antivirals in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected and HCV/HIV‐coinfected patients: real‐life safety and efficacy
Authors: Milazzo L , Lai A , Calvi E , Ronzi P , Micheli V , Binda F , Ridolfo AL , Gervasoni C , Galli M , Antinori S , Sollima S 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesClinical trials of all‐oral direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection reported high response rates in HCV/HIV coinfection, similar to those obtained in HCV monoinfection. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of these regimens in a clinical practice setting.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, all the HCV‐monoinfected and HCV/HIV‐coinfected patients undergoing HCV treatment with all‐oral DAA regimens in a routine clinical setting from December 2014 to December 2015 were included in the analysis. Sustained virological response 12 weeks after the end of therapy (SVR12) and reported adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. Resistance‐associated variants (RAVs) were analysed in a subgroup of patients at baseline and at the time of viral rebound in those with virological failure.ResultsOne‐hundred and nine patients (51 HCV‐infected and 58 HCV/HIV‐coinfected) were enrolled in the study. Sixty per cent had cirrhosis and 52% were pegylated interferon and ribavirin (pegIFN/RBV)‐experienced. Thirty‐six per cent received ombitasvir + paritaprevir/ritonavir + dasabuvir, 25% sofosbuvir + daclatasvir, 16% sofosbuvir + simeprevir, 17% sofosbuvir + ribavirin and 6% sofosbuvir + ledipasvir; ribavirin was used in 57% of subjects. The SVR12 rate was 91% and 96% in HIV‐infected and uninfected patients, respectively (P = 0.44). The 4‐week HCV viral decline was similar in the two groups. RAVs were found at baseline in 23 of 49 patients and did not affect SVR12. No predictors of SVR12 were identified in our cohort.ConclusionsTreatment with all‐oral DAA combinations of patients infected with HCV and with HCV/HIV under real‐life conditions led to high and similar rates of SVR12. Moreover, the historical factors associated with a sustained virological response to pegIFN/RBV were not predictive of the response to all‐oral DAAs.
Gateways to the West, Part I: Education in the Shaping of the West
Authors: Beadie Nancy , Williamson-Lott Joy , Bowman Michael , Frizell Teresa , Guzman Gonzalo , Hyun Jisoo , Johnson Joanna , Nicholas Kathryn , Phillips Lani , Wellington Rebecca , Yoshida La'akea 
Published: August 2016

In 1950, theDenver Catholic Registerpublished an article describing and challenging the varieties of “prejudice” that a military pilot moving from base to base in the United States might encounter. To “successfully transact business” in the vicinity of various “metropolitan landing fields,” the writer admonished, the veteran must:Remember to be not too sanguine about people of Oriental ethnic origin when talking with a merchant in Seattle, that he must speak about the Jew with a slight sneer in Eastern cities, that the Colored person must be “kept in his place” in Houston, that in reservation country the Indian must be treated as a man would treat a child and that in the San Antonio-Los Angeles-Denver triangle it is wiser to remember that the Mexican-American is a second-class citizen.
Satisfaction of health‐care providers with electronic health records and perceived barriers to its implementation in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Bani‐issa Wegdan , Al Yateem Nabeel , Al Makhzoomy Ibtihal Khalaf , Ibrahim Ali 
Published: August 2016

The integration of electronic health records (EHRs) has shown promise in improving health‐care quality. In the United Arab Emirates, EHRs have been recently adopted to improve the quality and safety of patient care.A cross‐sectional survey of 680 health‐care providers (HCPs) was conducted to assess the satisfaction of HCPs in the United Arab Emirates with EHRs' impact on access/viewing, documentation and medication administration and to explore the barriers encountered in their use. Data were collected over 6 months from April to September 2014.High overall satisfaction with EHRs was reported by HCPs, suggesting their acceptance. Physicians reported the greatest overall satisfaction with EHRs, although nurses showed significantly higher satisfaction with the impact on medication administration compared with other HCPs. The most significant barriers reported by nurses were lack of belief in the value of EHRs for patients and lack of adequate computer skills.Given the large investment in technology, additional research is necessary to promote the full utilization of EHRs. Nurses need to be aware of the value of EHRs for patient care and be involved in all stages of EHR implementations to maximize its meaningful use for better clinical outcomes.
NOD1 in the modulation of host–microbe interactions and inflammatory bone resorption in the periodontal disease model
Authors: Chaves de Souza João Antônio , Frasnelli Sabrina Cruz Tfaile , Curylofo‐Zotti Fabiana de Almeida , Ávila‐Campos Mário Julio , Spolidório Luis Carlos , Zamboni Dario Simões , Graves Dana T. , Rossa Carlos 
Published: August 2016

SummaryPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by destruction of non‐mineralized and mineralized connective tissues. It is initiated and maintained by a dysbiosis of the bacterial biofilm adjacent to teeth with increased prevalence of Gram‐negative microorganisms. Nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) is a member of the Nod‐like receptors (NLRs) family of proteins that participate in the activation of the innate immune system, in response to invading bacteria or to bacterial antigens present in the cytoplasm. The specific activating ligand for NOD1 is a bacterial peptidoglycan derived primarily from Gram‐negative bacteria. This study assessed the role of NOD1 in inflammation‐mediated tissue destruction in the context of host–microbe interactions. We used mice with whole‐genome deletion of the NOD1 gene in a microbe‐induced periodontitis model using direct injections of heat‐killed Gram‐negative or Gram‐negative/Gram‐positive bacteria on the gingival tissues. In vitro experiments using primary bone‐marrow‐derived macrophages from wild‐type and NOD1 knockout mice provide insight into the role of NOD1 on the macrophage response to Gram‐negative and Gram‐negative/Gram‐positive bacteria. Microcomputed tomography analysis indicated that deletion of NOD1 significantly aggravated bone resorption induced by Gram‐negative bacteria, accompanied by an increase in the numbers of osteoclasts. This effect was significantly attenuated by the association with Gram‐positive bacteria. In vitro, quantitative PCR arrays indicated that stimulation of macrophages with heat‐killed Gram‐negative bacteria induced the same biological processes in wild‐type and NOD1‐deficient cells; however, expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators was increased in NOD1‐deficient cells. These results suggest a bone‐sparing role for NOD1 in this model.
Intermittent Capture of the Left Bundle With Permanent His Bundle Pacing: Mechanistic Insights and Implications for an Emerging Field
Authors: FRIEDMAN DANIEL J. , HJORTH MARKUS A. , SUN ALBERT Y. , ATWATER BRETT D. 
Published: August 2016

LBBB and His Bundle PacingWe present a case of a patient with elevated His lead capture thresholds and intermittent recruitment of the left bundle. The patient underwent a noninvasive electrophysiology study and was determined to have a left bundle branch block due to postrepolarization refractoriness. The nature of bundle branch block can have important implications for optimal patient selection and device programming in the emerging field of His bundle pacing.
Does body mass index impact on muscle wasting and recovery following critical illness? A pilot feasibility observational study
Authors: Segaran E. , Wandrag L. , Stotz M. , Terblanche M. , Hickson M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundCritical illness is associated with muscle loss, weakness and poor recovery. The impact that illness and the ensuing metabolic response has on obese patients is not known. Objectives were to test if obese patients lose less muscle depth compared to non‐obese patients; if a reduction in muscle depth was associated with reduced strength and recovery; and to assess the feasibility of these methods with a range of body mass index's (BMI).MethodsA prospective observational pilot study of muscle depth in critically ill patients categorised by BMI was performed. Muscle depth changes were assessed by ultrasound on study days 1, 3, 5, 7, 12 and 14. Strength was measured via handgrip dynamometry and Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score on waking and at discharge from the intensive care unit. Level of dependency was measured with the Barthel index.Results44 critically ill patients; 17 had normal BMI, 10 were overweight and 17 were obese. The three groups did not differ in baseline characteristics, except obese patients had significantly greater initial muscle depth. Muscle depth loss was similar between the BMI groups at each of the time points. Handgrip and MRC sum score were only possible in a small number of patients because of reduced alertness and weakness. Majority were deemed fully dependent based on the Barthel index.ConclusionsObese patients lost muscle depth in a comparable manner to non‐obese patients, suggesting that BMI may not prevent muscle depth loss. It was not possible to determine the effect on strength because the clinical condition of patients precluded reliable measurements.
Drug Coated Balloon Is Less Effective for Treatment of DES In‐Stent Restenosis Both in Native Coronary Arteries and Saphenous Vein Grafts: Results From a Bicenter Registry
Authors: Resch Markus , Ostheim Patrick , Endemann Dierk H. , Debl Kurt , Buchner Stefan , Birner Christoph , Maier Lars S. , Kerber Sebastian , Luchner Andreas , Griese Daniel P. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe paclitaxel drug coated balloon (DCB) is an established treatment for bare metal stent (BMS) in‐stent restenosis (ISR) in native coronary arteries. The evidence of DCB‐application for drug eluting stent (DES) ISR both in native coronaries and saphenous vein grafts (SVG) is limited. Aim of our study was to compare the differential efficacy of DCB for treatment of BMS‐ and DES‐ISR in native coronary vessels and SVGs.Methods and ResultsN = 135 DCB‐treated patients with available follow up (FU) angiography were included in this retrospective study. Patients received treatment between April 2009 and March 2013 at 2 tertiary care hospitals in Germany. DCB was applied in BMS‐ISR (n = 65; 48%) and DES‐ISR (n = 70; 52%). DCB‐treated lesions were located in native coronary arteries (n = 110; 81%; BMS‐ISR: n = 58; 53%; DES‐ISR: n = 52; 47%) and SVGs (n = 25; 19%; BMS‐ISR: n = 7, 28%; DES‐ISR: n = 18, 72%). Median FU was 12 months. Endpoints were binary restenosis and target lesion revascularization (TLR). Binary restenosis (29% vs. 57%; P < 0.01) and TLR (18% vs. 46%; P < 0.01) were significantly more frequent in DES‐ISR versus BMS‐ISR. In SVGs, TLR was required in 72% (DES‐ISR) versus 14% (BMS‐ISR); P = 0.02. In the Kaplan–Meier‐analysis freedom from both endpoints was significantly decreased in the DES‐lesions both in the total population (binary restenosis P < 0.01; TLR P < 0.01) and native coronaries (binary restenosis P = 0.02; TLR P = 0.04).ConclusionsDCB treatment is less effective in DES‐ISR than in BMS‐ISR. The diminished efficacy of DCB treatment is even more pronounced in DES‐ISR located within degenerated SVGs.
Predictors of nonresponse to fluid restriction in hyponatraemia due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis
Authors: Winzeler B. , Lengsfeld S. , Nigro N. , Suter‐Widmer I. , Schütz P. , Arici B. , Bally M. , Blum C. , Bock A. , Huber A. , Müller B. , Christ‐Crain M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundFluid restriction (FR), the first‐line treatment for hyponatraemia due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD), often does not lead to successful correction of hyponatraemia. Therefore, predictive markers of treatment response are desirable. We evaluated routinely measured serum (s) and urine (u) parameters, s‐copeptin and s‐mid‐regional pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide (s‐MR‐proANP), as possible predictors of FR response.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, we included patients with profound hyponatraemia (s‐sodium <125 mmol L−1) due to SIAD. Patients were classified as FR responders (increase in s‐sodium concentration of >3 mmol L−1 within 24 h) or nonresponders (increase of ≤3 mmol L−1 within 24 h). Initial laboratory parameters were compared between groups with logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf 106 SIAD patients analysed, 82 underwent treatment with FR; 48 (59%) patients showed a successful response to FR and 34 (41%) were considered nonresponders. High levels of u‐sodium and u‐osmolality were significantly associated with nonresponse to FR [odds ratio (OR) 15.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.4–95.8, P = 0.004 and OR 34.8, 95% CI 1.2–1038.8, P = 0.041, respectively). The association of u‐sodium and nonresponse remained significant also after adjustment for diuretic use. Lower levels of s‐MR‐proANP were associated with nonresponse (OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.003–0.3, P = 0.004), whereas s‐copeptin was not significantly associated with response to FR.ConclusionEasily measured laboratory parameters, especially u‐sodium, correlate with therapeutic response and identify patients most likely to fail to respond to FR. Measurement of these parameters may facilitate early treatment choice in patients with SIAD.