bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there a role for newer biomarkers in chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder management?
Authors: Tan Sven‐Jean , Cai Michael MX 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe current management of Chronic Kidney Disease‐Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD‐MBD) relies largely on clinical judgement and assessment of biochemical parameters including serum calcium, phosphate and intact parathyroid hormone concentrations. In the past two decades, there has been a leap in the understanding of the pathophysiology of CKD‐MBD, leading to the discovery of novel biomarkers. The potential utility of these markers in this clinical setting is an area of intense investigation. In the absence of any guidelines aiding the clinician's understanding and application of these markers, we summarise the current available literature surrounding fibroblast growth factor‐23, α‐Klotho, sclerostin and serum calcification propensity testing and their respective assays in the context of CKD‐MBD management.
Is serum phosphate a useful target in patients with chronic kidney disease and what is the role for dietary phosphate restriction?
Authors: Toussaint Nigel D , Holt Stephen G 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA complex system of endocrine and paracrine signals exists to control phosphate balance. Dysregulation of these systems in patients with chronic kidney disease has serious clinical consequences. Whilst observational studies have shown associations between higher serum phosphate levels and poor clinical outcomes, the direction of causality has not been demonstrated. Whether there is a target level of serum phosphate remains controversial and no randomized trials to date have proved that strategies to lower extracellular phosphate actually improve clinical outcomes. Serum phosphate provides only a partial measure of overall phosphate balance and, importantly, calcification risk. Changes in dietary phosphate may be a modifiable source of phosphate in humans, although better methods for assessment of dietary phosphate intake are required. Individuals consume large amounts of phosphate in processed foods, rich in phosphate additives, and there is interest in restricting dietary phosphate as a matter of public health, although the association between dietary phosphate and serum phosphate is modest at best. Interventional studies are needed to provide supportive evidence of any potential advantages of dietary phosphate restriction before such measures can be recommended.
Is there a role or target value for nutritional vitamin D in chronic kidney disease?
Authors: Lim Wai H , Duncan Emma L 
Published: April 2017

AbstractVitamin D is important for bone health in the general population but the value of vitamin D supplementation, and the role of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D independently of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitmain D, in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in those who require dialysis, remains uncertain. Supplementation may improve some biochemical parameters, such as reducing PTH levels in patients to CKD‐stage 4 who have vitamin D deficiency; but it remains to be established whether the role of nutritional vitamin D in maintaining bone health in the general population can be extrapolated to the CKD population. There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend conclusively that nutritional vitamin D supplementation should be prescribed to individuals with CKD who have 25‐hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, either for skeletal or non‐skeletal health outcomes.
Obesity and addiction: can a complication of surgery help us understand the connection?
Authors: Ivezaj V. , Stoeckel L. E. , Avena N. M. , Benoit S. C. , Conason A. , Davis J. F. , Gearhardt A. N. , Goldman R. , Mitchell J. E. , Ochner C. N. , Saules K. K. , Steffen K. J. , Stice E. , Sogg S. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryObesity is a multifactorial, chronic disease that has proven difficult to treat. An increased understanding of aetiological mechanisms is critical to the development of more effective obesity prevention and treatment strategies. A growing body of empirical evidence has demonstrated parallels between obesity, overeating and substance abuse, including shared behavioural, psychological and neurophysiological factors implicated in the excessive intake of both food and substances of abuse. Several different lines of research have recently emerged that hold the potential to shed light on the connection between obesity, food reward and addiction, with studies examining changes in alcohol use/misuse after weight loss surgery providing a particularly interesting perspective on these interrelationships. However, these lines of investigation have proceeded in relative isolation, and relevant research findings have yet to be integrated in a synthesized, comprehensive manner. To provide an opportunity to achieve such a synthesis, a scientific symposium was convened at the Radcliffe Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Invited participants were researchers working in diverse domains related to the intersection between obesity and addiction. Extensive discussion was generated suggesting novel research directions. In this article, we summarize and synthesize the symposium participants' ongoing research in this area, incorporating additional relevant research holding potential clues regarding the connections between obesity, weight loss surgery and addiction.
Flower colour polymorphism in the Mediterranean Basin: occurrence, maintenance and implications for speciation
Authors: Narbona E. , Wang H. , Ortiz P. L. , Arista M. , Imbert E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFlower colour polymorphism (FCP) is the occurrence of at least two discrete flower colour variants in the same population. Despite a vast body of research concerning the maintenance and evolutionary consequences ofFCP, only recently has the spatial variation in morph frequencies among populations been explored. Here we summarise the biochemical and genetic basis ofFCP, the factors that have been proposed to explain their maintenance, and the importance ofFCPand its geographic variation in the speciation process. We also review the incidence ofFCPin the environmentally heterogeneous Mediterranean Basin. Nearly 88% of MediterraneanFCPspecies showed anthocyanin‐based polymorphisms. Concerning the evolutionary mechanisms that contribute to maintainFCP, selection by pollinators is suggested in some species, but in others, selection by non‐pollinator agents, genetic drift or gene flow are also found; in some cases different processes interact in the maintenance ofFCP. We emphasise the role of both autonomous selfing and clonal reproduction inFCPmaintenance. Mediterranean polymorphic species show mainly monomorphic populations with only a few polymorphic ones, which generate clinal or mosaic patterns of variation inFCP. No cases of species with only polymorphic populations were found. We posit that different evolutionary processes maintaining polymorphism the Mediterranean Basin will result in a continuum of geographic patterns in morph compositions and relative frequencies ofFCPspecies.
Chronic periodontitis and implant dentistry
Authors: Smith Michael M. , Knight Ellie T. , Al‐Harthi Latfiya , Leichter Jonathan W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDental implants are regularly placed in patients with a history of periodontitis, even though peri‐implant tissues are susceptible to the same host‐modulated plaque‐induced factors that initiate and sustain periodontitis. This article endeavors to clarify the evidence regarding the history of periodontitis as a risk factor for implant success and survival, and the role of supportive periodontal therapy in maintaining implants for individuals with a history of periodontitis.
Effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal tissues
Authors: Antoun Joseph S. , Mei Li , Gibbs Kelsi , Farella Mauro 
Published: April 2017

AbstractReduced periodontal support is a challenge that clinicians often face during rehabilitation of compromised dentition. The close and intricate relationship between the periodontal tissues and the processes of tooth movement suggest that adjunct orthodontic therapy may play an important role in overcoming these problems. On the other hand, excessive movement of teeth beyond the anatomic boundaries of the alveolar process is commonly believed to contribute to further destruction of the periodontal tissues. This review evaluates the clinical effects of various orthodontic tooth movements on the surrounding periodontal soft tissues and alveolar bone. Another objective was to identify possible patient and treatment‐related factors that may influence the response of periodontal tissue to specific orthodontic treatments. Particular emphasis is placed on specific tooth movements, such as extrusion, intrusion, space closure and arch expansion. Limitations of current research are also highlighted and discussed.
Surgical management in dentistry: the interdisciplinary relationship between periodontology and oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Tong Darryl C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSurgical procedures of the oral cavity can be performed by a number of dental specialists and clinicians. Because of the limited number of surgical procedures that can be performed inside the oral cavity, the boundaries between specialties may become indistinct and lead to confusion for general dentists in terms of patient referrals. In this article, what the two surgical specialties of dentistry (i.e. periodontology and oral and maxillofacial surgery) have to offer is highlighted, together with clinical examples to illustrate the interdisciplinary relationship between them.
A comparison of clinical characteristics of older adults treated with antidepressants in general and psychiatric hospitals in Asia
Authors: Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Xiang Yu‐Tao , Ungvari Gabor S. , Ng Chee H. , Chiu Helen F.K. , Yim Larina C.L. , Si Tian‐Mei , Chee Kok‐Yoon , Avasthi Ajit , Grover Sandeep , Chong Mian‐Yoon , Sim Kang , Kanba Shigenobu , He Yan‐Ling , Lee Min‐Soo , Yang Shu‐Yu , Udomratn Pichet , Kallivayalil Roy A. , Tanra Andi J. , Maramis Margarita M. , Shen Winston W. , Sartorius Norman , Mahendran Rathi , Teng Jia‐Ying , Tan Chay‐Hoon , Shinfuku Naotaka 
Published: April 2017

AimThis study compared the demographics, clinical characteristics, and antidepressant prescription patterns between Asian patients aged 50 years and older attending psychiatric hospitals and those attending general hospitals.MethodsIn total, 955 patients (604 in general hospitals, 351 in psychiatric hospitals) aged 50 years or older treated with antidepressants in 10 Asian countries and territories were examined. Patients’ demographics, clinical features, and prescriptions of psychotropic drugs were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure.ResultsBinary logistic regression revealed that high income and diagnosis of schizophrenia were independently associated with psychiatric hospital treatment, whereas outpatient care, diagnosis of anxiety disorders, and multiple major medical conditions were independently associated with general hospital treatment. In addition, tetracyclic and noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants were more likely to be prescribed in general hospitals.ConclusionOlder adults treated with antidepressants showed different demographic and clinical features between general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals in Asia.
Effectiveness of seed sowing techniques for sloped restoration sites
Authors: Tamura Nicole , Lulow Megan E. , Halsch Chris A. , Major Matthew R. , Balazs Kathleen R. , Austin Paige , Huxman Travis E. , Kimball Sarah 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPractitioners are challenged with choosing among many potentially effective methods for sowing seed in ecological restoration projects to achieve sufficient native plant establishment. We tested the effectiveness of seed sowing techniques on moderate and steep slopes in a Mediterranean climate by measuring native seedling density immediately following germination, as well as plant density, recruitment success, and soil movement through the second growing season. We calculated cost effectiveness of different methods as the native plant density per dollar spent sowing seed. While all sowing techniques resulted in significant native establishment compared with unseeded controls, hydro seeding on moderate slopes was the most cost effective (native seedlings established per dollar spent). Although all steep‐sloped seeding techniques resulted in high densities of native species, all methods also resulted in significant soil loss. Shrubs preferred hand seeding followed by jute netting on steep slopes, while forbs reached greatest densities with hydro seeding on moderate slopes. Seedlings of species with heavy seeds were present in greater densities than species with lighter seeds in imprint sowing treatments. The “best” seed sowing technique varied depending on slope and metric of success (native density, species richness, shrub density, or forb density). Different combinations of slope, technique, and success metric resulted in significantly different project costs, which implies opportunities for savings given careful decision‐making relative to mitigation needs on heterogeneous landscapes. Evaluations of techniques for restoring slopes are limited, yet critical for expanding the area capable of being restored and the application of limited conservation funding.
Induced pluripotent stem cells reduce neutrophil chemotaxis via activating GRK2 in endotoxin‐induced acute lung injury
Authors: Su Vincent Yi‐Fong , Chiou Shih‐Hwa , Lin Chi‐Shiuan , Chen Wei‐Chih , Yu Wen‐Kuang , Chen Yen‐Wen , Chen Cheng‐Yu , Yang Kuang‐Yao 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveWe investigated the effect of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in moderating neutrophil chemotaxis in endotoxin‐induced acute lung injury (ALI).MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice at 8–12 weeks of age were studied. Murine iPSCs were delivered through the tail veins of mice 4 h after intratracheal instillation of endotoxin. Lung histopathological findings, neutrophil counts in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), bone marrow (BM) cell distribution, expression of chemokine receptors and regulatory signalling pathways were analysed after 24 h. Human neutrophils isolated from acute respiratory distress syndrome patients were used in a cell migration assay.Results
iPSCs significantly decreased the histopathological changes of ALI in mice compared to treatment with control cells. Numbers and activity levels of neutrophils in BALF were reduced in iPSC‐treated ALI mice. The iPSC therapy restored neutrophil counts in the peripheral blood of ALI mice, but the percentages of mature neutrophils in BM were similar between iPSC‐treated and ‐untreated groups. The iPSCs mediated a downregulation of the chemotactic response to endotoxin by reducing chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) expression on mouse peripheral blood neutrophils. This result was confirmed by an in vitro human neutrophil migration assay. In addition, iPSCs or conditioned medium from iPSCs enhanced expression of G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) on the surface of blood neutrophils in ALI mice.Conclusion
iPSCs reduce neutrophil chemotaxis in endotoxin‐induced ALI. These effects are associated with an enhancement of GRK2 activity and reduction of CXCR2 expression.
Estimation and Prediction in the Presence of Spatial Confounding for Spatial Linear Models
Authors: Page Garritt L. , Liu Yajun , He Zhuoqiong , Sun Donchu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn studies that produce data with spatial structure, it is common that covariates of interest vary spatially in addition to the error. Because of this, the error and covariate are often correlated. When this occurs, it is difficult to distinguish the covariate effect from residual spatial variation. In ani.i.d.normal error setting, it is well known that this type of correlation produces biased coefficient estimates, but predictions remain unbiased. In a spatial setting, recent studies have shown that coefficient estimates remain biased, but spatial prediction has not been addressed. The purpose of this paper is to provide a more detailed study of coefficient estimation from spatial models when covariate and error are correlated and then begin a formal study regarding spatial prediction. This is carried out by investigating properties of the generalized least squares estimator and the best linear unbiased predictor when a spatial random effect and a covariate are jointly modelled. Under this setup, we demonstrate that the mean squared prediction error is possibly reduced when covariate and error are correlated.
Risk Factors Proximate to Suicide and Suicide Risk Assessment in the Context of Denied Suicide Ideation
Authors: Berman Alan L. 
Published: April 2017

Health care providers have significant opportunities to identify individuals at near‐term risk for suicide, but lack empirical data on near‐term risk factors. This study aimed to identify dynamic, state‐related risk factors observed by clinical practitioners within the last 30 days of life of 157 patients who died by suicide and to compare these near‐term risk factors among patients who denied versus responded positively to having suicide ideation (SI) when last asked by a clinical practitioner prior to their death. Risk factors charted for the majority of all decedents were a history of prior suicide ideation and/or suicide attempt, current anxiety/agitation and sleep problems, current interpersonal problems or job/financial strain, current comorbid diagnoses, current social isolation/withdrawal, and a family history of mental disorder. Two‐thirds of patients denied having SI when last asked and one‐half of these patients were dead by suicide within 2 days. Decedents who denied having SI were quite similar in charted diagnoses, symptoms, behaviors, and environmental circumstances to decedents who responded affirmatively to having SI. Reliance on verbalized or reported SI as a gateway to a suicide risk assessment is questioned and the need for better understanding near‐term risk for suicide, particularly in the absence of stated SI, is highlighted.
Recovery from Talaromyces marneffei involving the kidney in a renal transplant recipient: A case report and literature review
Authors: Peng Juan , Chen Zhiyong , Cai Ruiming , Huang Xianen , Lin Liying , Liang Weixiang , Xiong Zhongtang , Chen Juan , Chen Hui , Yang Yuexin , Liu Shaoyan , Jiang Qingping 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTalaromyces marneffei is an emerging opportunistic infection among immunocompromised patients. We observe the first native case of disseminated T. marneffei involving the kidney in a renal transplant recipient in mainland China. We describe the comprehensive clinical course, and ultrasound imaging of renal transplant biopsy, pathologic images, and electron microscopy observation of the biopsy specimen, highlighting the relevance of biopsy findings and the blood culture. We also focus on the treatment and good outcome of the patient. Then we review the literature and show the additional 10 reported cases of T. marneffei in renal transplant recipients. In addition, we discuss the new methods of rapid diagnosis of T. marneffei. In brief, timely diagnosis and proper treatment of T. marneffei infection is important in renal transplant recipients.
Successful multiple organ donation after donor brain death due to Actinomyces israelii meningitis
Authors: Lagunes Leonel , Len Oscar , Sandiumenge Alberto , Martínez‐Saez Elena , Pumarola Tomás , Bodro Marta , Macías Antonio , Silva Jose T. , Nuvials F. Xavier , Charco Ramon , Moreso Francesc , Pont Teresa 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe increasing gap between availability of solid organs for transplantation and the demand has led to the inclusion of donor organs that, according to current guidelines, may be discarded, some of them because of the possibility for transmission of infection to the recipients. We present the first report, to the best of our knowledge, of a case of a brain‐dead donor with a localized and treated Actinomyces israelii central nervous system infection who, after a thorough evaluation, provided organs for successful transplant procedures in four recipients. There was no evidence of transmission of infection within a 6‐month follow‐up. Relative contraindications must be individualized in order to expand the number of real organ donors, emphasizing caution in rare causes for brain death in which patients should be thoroughly evaluated for possible donation.
A removable virus vector suitable for plant genome editing
Authors: Chujo Tetsuya , Yoshikawa Manabu , Ariga Hirotaka , Endo Masaki , Toki Seiichi , Ishibashi Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2017

SummaryPlant genome editing is achieved by the expression of sequence‐specific nucleases (SSNs). RNA virus vector‐mediated expression of SSNs is a promising approach for transgene integration‐free targeted mutagenesis in plants. However, the removal of virus vectors from infected plants is challenging because no antiviral drugs are available against plant viruses. Here, we developed a removable RNA virus vector that carries the target site of tobacco microRNA398 (miR398) whose expression is induced during shoot regeneration. In the inoculated leaves in which expression of miR398 is not induced, insertion of the miR398 target site did not affect the practicability of the virus vector. When shoots were regenerated from the infected leaves, miR398 was expressed and viral RNA was eliminated. The virus vector successfully expressed SSNs in inoculated leaves, from which virus‐free genome‐edited plants were regenerated via tissue culture.
Effect of dalteparin administration on thrombin generation kinetics in healthy dogs
Authors: Gara‐Boivin Carolyn , de Castillo Jérôme R.E. , Dunn Marilyn E. , Bédard Christian 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundDalteparin is used to prevent thrombotic complications in dogs. Measurement of anti‐factor Xa (anti‐FXa) activity is currently used for monitoring therapy, but remains a nonfunctional test. The calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) could be a suitable approach for functional monitoring.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that the CAT will detect decreased endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) in healthy dogs receiving dalteparin.MethodsTwenty‐four healthy adult Beagles were randomly allocated to 4 equal groups. A single subcutaneous (SC) dose of 50 U/kg, 100 U/kg, or 150 U/kg of dalteparin was given. Platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) was collected over a 24‐hour period and evaluated by thrombin generation (TG) via CAT, anti‐FXa activity, and APTT. Analysis was performed with a repeated‐measures general linear mixed model, and the treated groups were compared to a placebo group.ResultsTime, dose, and time–dose interaction significantly affected ETP (P < .0001 for all effects), peak (P < .0001 for all effects), rate index (P < .0006 for all effects), and anti‐FXa activity (P < .0001 for all effects). No significant time trend was detected in the control group. Dogs receiving the 100 U/kg dalteparin SC injection showed the most homogeneous response of ETP inhibition among treated groups. The % inhibition of ETP from baseline increased nonlinearly as a function of anti‐FXa activity (r2 = .8186).ConclusionsThe CAT assay can be employed to measure the effects of dalteparin at different doses in healthy dogs, showing sensitivity to time‐ and dose‐dependent changes in ETP and other TG variables. Further investigation of the CAT as a tool for monitoring low molecular weight heparin therapy in dogs is warranted.