bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barley yellow dwarf virus in winter barley: Control in light of resistance issues and loss of neonicotinoid insecticides
Authors: Namara Louise Mc , Lacey Seán , Kildea Stephen , Schughart Maximilian , Walsh Lael , Doyle Deidre , Gaffney Michael T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBarley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is the most widespread viral disease of cereal crops vectored by aphids, causing stunting of the crop and significant yield loss. Management recommendations for autumn sown cereals has centred on the timely control of aphid vectors, particularly their management before the crop has reached Growth Stage 31 (stem elongation). In recent years two separate but related issues have emerged, (i) the detection of pyrethroid resistance in a single Sitobion avenae SA3 clone and (ii) the withdrawal of neonicotinoid insecticide seed dressing; widely used to manage aphids in the early development of cereal crops. A series of replicated field studies were conducted from 2016 to 2019 to ascertain if the pyrethroid insecticide is still effective in light of the SA3 clones' presence in aphid populations and if withdrawal of neonicotinoid seed dressings has negatively affected aphid management. Both disease levels and yields confirmed that the neonicotinoid, clothianidin, applied as a seed treatment significantly contributed to the management of BYDV in the different trials investigated. Results of this study demonstrate application of a foliar (lambda‐cyhalothrin or a sulfoxaflor) insecticide has a significant positive impact on yield. Foliar pyrethroid insecticides were as effective in protecting yield from BYDV as the neonicotinoid seed treatments. In the absence of neonicotinoid seed dressing, alternative insecticides still offer protection for winter barley crops against the aphid vectors of BYDV and associated yield loss. Furthermore, the presence of a pyrethroid resistant Sitobion avenae SA3 clone had no observable impact on field efficacy of the pyrethroid insecticide, lambda‐cyhalothrin in these trials. However, this needs continuous monitoring because of potential further increases in resistance levels or emergence of additional resistance mechanisms, which could render pyrethroid insecticides ineffective.
Impact of mechanical circulatory support on in‐hospital outcomes among patients with ventricular tachycardia requiring ablation
Authors: Hashimoto Kenji , Akkawi Abdul Rahman , Ghazal Mohamad , Briasoulis Alexandros , Kuno Toshiki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundVentricular tachycardia (VT) ablation is a high‐risk procedure, particularly due to the potential for hemodynamic instability. Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is increasingly utilized to manage these risks. This study investigated the in‐hospital outcomes of VT ablation with MCS use, emphasizing its impact on mortality and procedural complications.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients undergoing VT ablation from 2019 to 2020, using the National Inpatient Sample data. Patients aged 18 years and over were included. MCS includes a percutaneous left ventricular assist device (pLVAD), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and intraaortic balloon pump (IABP). We also conducted a subgroup analysis for patients experiencing cardiogenic shock (CS). The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality; secondary outcomes included acute kidney injury (AKI), AKI‐requiring dialysis, any bleeding events, gastrointestinal bleeding, ischemic stroke, heart transplant, and durable LVAD (dLVAD) utilization.ResultsWe included 14 450 patients, of whom 6.5% utilized MCS. The MCS group showed a higher in‐hospital mortality rate than the non‐MCS group (24% vs. 2%, p < 0.01). Secondary outcomes showed statistically higher rates in the MCS group compared to the non‐MCS groups. Stratification by MCS modality did not affect outcomes except that pLVAD was associated with lower rates of AKI. In the CS subgroup, the MCS group exhibited significantly higher mortality compared to the non‐MCS group (32% vs. 8.4%, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe use of MCS during VT ablation is associated with increased in‐hospital mortality, underscoring the severity of cases requiring such support. These findings show the need for careful assessment and optimal usage of MCS to enhance patient outcomes.
Notch‐1 regulates collective breast cancer cell migration by controlling intercellular junction and cytoskeletal organization
Authors: Zhang Yixi , Qin Xiang , Guo Ronghua , Sun Xiyue , Zhao Zihan , Guo Hanyu , Wang Meng , Li Shun , Li Tingting , Lv Dong , Liu Yiyao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPathological observations show that cancer cells frequently invade the surrounding normal tissue in collective rather than individual cell migration. However, general principles governing collective cell migration remain to be discovered. Different from individual cell migration, we demonstrated that the Notch‐1‐activation reduced collective cells speed and distances. In particular, Notch‐1‐activation induced cellular cytoskeletal remodelling, strengthened the intercellular junctions and cell‐matrix adhesions. Mechanistically, Notch‐1 activation prevented the phosphorylation of GSK‐3β and the translocation of cytoplasmic free β‐catenin to the nucleus, which increased E‐cadherin expression and tight intercellular junctions. Moreover, Notch‐1 signalling also activated the RhoA/ROCK pathway, promoting reorganization of F‐actin and contractile forces produced by myosin. Further, Notch‐1 activation increased cell adhesion to the extracellular substrate, which inhibited collective cell migration. These findings highlight that cell adhesions and cell–cell junctions contribute to collective cell migration and provide new insights into mechanisms of the modulation of Notch‐1 signalling pathway on cancer cell malignancy.
Incidental detection of non‐melanoma neoplasms in sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma staging: A retrospective case series
Authors: Agni Meghana , Fiorletta Quiroga Eleonora , Stevanovic Mirjana , Venkataraman Girish , Shalin Sara C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with malignant melanoma have an increased risk of developing secondary hematologic malignancy, and patients with hematologic malignancies have an increased risk of developing melanoma. Rarely, sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNBs) collected for melanoma staging might harbor lymphoma or even carcinoma, which may represent a second primary malignancy (SPM). Biopsied lymph node(s) might serve as the first site of recognition for a SPM. Yet, there has been little systematic investigation regarding the characteristics of incidental SPMs detected on SLNB for melanoma staging.MethodsA series of cases of lymphomas and carcinomas were detected incidentally during SLNB for melanoma staging from two tertiary academic centers between 2000 and 2021.ResultsFifteen cases of incidentally detected SPMs were reviewed, comprising 12 lymphomas and three carcinomas. The most common incidentally detected second malignancy was chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (60%, 9/15). There were three cases of incidentally detected metastatic carcinoma. Of all incidentally detected malignancies, 2/3 carcinomas and 4/12 lymphomas represented first‐time diagnoses of SPM in a melanoma patient. Forty percent of cases (6/15) also harbored metastatic melanoma in the sentinel lymph node.ConclusionsIt is possible to incidentally detect SPMs in SLNBs for melanoma staging. Early detection of SPMs in melanoma patients has implications for the treatment of both incidental SPM and melanoma.
Cross‐country inequalities in disease burden and care quality of chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus, 1990–2021: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2021
Authors: Shan Shiyi , Luo Zeyu , Yao Lingzi , Zhou Jiali , Wu Jing , Jiang Denan , Ying Jiayao , Cao Jin , Zhou Liying , Li Sheyu , Song Peige 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the trend of burden and care quality of chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus (CKD‐T2DM) and their cross‐country inequalities from 1990 to 2021.Materials and MethodsData were from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study. Disease burden and care quality were quantified using the disability‐adjusted life years rate and the quality‐of‐care index (QCI). Trend analyses of the age‐standardized disability‐adjusted life years rate (ASDR) and age‐standardized QCI from 1990 to 2021 were conducted using the estimated annual percentage change. The associations of disease burden and care quality with the socio‐demographic index (SDI) were explored. Cross‐country inequalities in disease burden and care quality were assessed using the slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the global ASDR for CKD‐T2DM increased, while the age‐standardized QCI slightly decreased, with an estimated annual percentage change of 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75, 0.87] and −0.08 (95% CI: −0.09, −0.07). The ASDR escalated with increasing SDI, reaching a peak at mid‐level SDI, followed by a decrease. The age‐standardized QCI was higher with increasing SDI. Globally, ASDR concentrated on countries/territories with a lower SDI. The SII of ASDR was −96.64 (95% CI: −136.94, −56.35) in 1990 and −118.15 (95% CI: −166.36, −69.94) in 2021, with a concentration index of −0.1298 (95% CI: −0.1904, −0.0692) in 1990 and −0.1104 (95% CI: −0.1819, −0.0389) in 2021. In 1990 and 2021, countries/territories at higher SDI levels exhibited increased age‐standardized QCI, indicated by an SII of 15.09 (95% CI: 10.74, 19.45) and 15.75 (95% CI: 10.92, 20.59), and a concentration index of 0.0393 (95% CI: 0.0283, 0.0503) and 0.0400 (95% CI: 0.0264, 0.0536).ConclusionsOur study highlights considerable disparities in the burden and care quality of CKD‐T2DM. Regions experiencing an increasing burden and a declining care quality simultaneously underscore the need for further research and tailored health interventions.
Tirzepatide, a dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist, exhibits favourable effects on pancreatic β‐cells and hepatic steatosis in obese type 2 diabetic db/db mice
Authors: Iwamoto Yuichiro , Kimura Tomohiko , Dan Kazunori , Iwamoto Hideyuki , Sanada Junpei , Fushimi Yoshiro , Katakura Yukino , Shimoda Masashi , Yamasaki Yuki , Nogami Yuka , Shirakiya Yoshiko , Nakanishi Shuhei , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaku Kohei , Kaneto Hideaki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTirzepatide, a dual agonist of glucagon‐like peptide receptor and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor, is expected to exhibit high clinical efficacy in obese type 2 diabetic patients. We evaluated the effects of tirzepatide on pancreatic β‐cells and the liver, an insulin‐target organ, in a mouse model of obese type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsObese type 2 diabetic db/db mice (BKS.Cg−/+ Leprdb/+ Leprdb/Jcl*) were used in this study. Starting at 7 weeks of age, mice were treated with tirzepatide (30 nmol/kg, subcutaneous injection twice a week) or semaglutide (200 nmol/kg, subcutaneous injection twice a week). The control group received phosphate‐buffered saline (40–50 μL/subcutaneous injection twice a week). After 4 weeks of drug administration, pancreatic β‐cells and the liver were removed and examined.ResultsCompared to the control group, blood glucose and body weight were significantly reduced in the group that received either tirzepatide or semaglutide (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Fasting insulin was significantly higher in the semaglutide and tirzepatide groups compared to the control group (p < 0.001). β‐Cell mass and quality of insulin granules in β‐cells similarly increased in the semaglutide and tirzepatide groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). The fat staining area in the liver in oil red O staining and the liver–spleen ratio in computed tomography showed improvement only in the tirzepatide group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.005, respectively). Liver macrophage M1/M2 ratio similarly improved with semaglutide and tirzepatide (p < 0.05).ConclusionTirzepatide and semaglutide exhibited similar potent glucose‐lowering effects. At concentrations used in the present experiments, tirzepatide exhibited more beneficial effects on β‐cell‐related gene expression, insulin granule count and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion compared to semaglutide. In addition, tirzepatide exhibited a stronger favourable effect on hepatic fat deposition and improved inflammation in the liver. This is the first report showing that tirzepatide, a novel diabetes drug, exhibits a superior effect on pancreatic β‐cells and the liver of obese type 2 diabetic mice.
The coexistence of low muscle mass and obesity evaluated by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, rather than low muscle mass or obesity alone, is associated with macrovascular but not microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Han , Su Weijuan , Zheng Zeyu , Li Jia , Wang Shunhua , Chen Zheng , Zhang Yuxian , Huang Bingkun , Lyu Fuping , Yan Fangfang , Huang Caoxin , Lin Mingzhu , Shi Xiulin , Li Xuejun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimThe prevalence of the coexistence of low muscle mass and obesity is increasing, particularly with a rising trend observed in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the association between the coexistence of low muscle mass and obesity and diabetic complications remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate these associations in patients with T2D.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was conducted, including 2387 hospitalized patients with T2DM. Data on demographic characteristics, biochemical parameters, diabetic complications and body composition was from electronic health records. The participants were categorized as control, low muscle mass, obesity and the coexistence of the low muscle mass and obesity groups according to the body compositions evaluated by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to assess the associations between the pattern of body composition and complications of diabetes.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounders, compared with patients in the control group, the odds ratios [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] of macrovascular complications of diabetes were 0.62 (95% CI, 0.27–1.39) for those in the low muscle mass group, 1.12 (95% CI, 0.59–2.11) in the obesity group, and 2.43 (95% CI, 1.16–5.07) in the coexistence of the low muscle mass and obesity group, respectively; the odds ratios (95% CIs) of microvascular complications of diabetes were 0.86 (95% CI, 0.52–1.43) for those in the low muscle mass group, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.53–1.26) in the obesity group, and 1.21 (95% CI, 0.69–2.15) in the coexistence of the low muscle mass and obesity group, respectively.ConclusionAccording to our findings, the coexistence of low muscle mass and obesity, rather than low muscle mass or obesity alone, was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of macrovascular complications in hospitalized patients with T2DM. This association was not observed for diabetic microvascular complications.
Analysing the influence of dapagliflozin on urinary tract infection vulnerability and kidney injury in mice infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Salamon Kristin , Linn‐Peirano Sarah , Simoni Aaron , de Dios Ruiz‐Rosado Juan , Becknell Brian , John Preeti , Schwartz Laura , Spencer John David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimSodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have revolutionized clinical medicine, but their association with urinary tract infection (UTI) risk remains debated. This study investigates the influence of dapagliflozin on UTI outcomes, focusing on kidney injury.Materials and MethodsFemale non‐diabetic C57BL/6J and C3H/HeOuJ mice, along with diabetic db/db mice, were orally administered dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) for 7 days before transurethral uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infection. Mice were killed either 24 h after UTI or after six additional days of dapagliflozin treatment. UPEC titers were enumerated, and kidney histopathology, injury, fibrosis and function were assessed.ResultsVehicle‐ and dapagliflozin‐treated C57BL/6J mice exhibited similar urine and bladder UPEC titers, with minimal kidney burden 24 h after UTI. In C3H/HeOuJ mice, UPEC burden was comparable in vehicle‐ and 1 mg/kg dapagliflozin‐treated groups both 24 h and 7 days after UTI. However, C3H/HeOuJ mice receiving 10 mg/kg dapagliflozin had increased UPEC titers in the urine, bladder and kidneys at both endpoints. Kidney injury and fibrosis markers, as well as kidney function, were similar in vehicle and dapagliflozin groups. In diabetic db/db mice receiving dapagliflozin, UPEC strain UTI89 titers were reduced 7 days after UTI compared to vehicle‐treated mice, but no difference in UPEC titers was observed when mice were infected with UPEC strain CFT073. Kidney injury and fibrosis markers and kidney function remained similar across treatment groups.ConclusionsDapagliflozin does not consistently influence UTI susceptibility and shows limited impact on kidney injury or fibrosis, suggesting SGLT2 inhibitors have minimal effects on UTI‐related kidney complications.
Developing an automated algorithm for identification of children and adolescents with diabetes using electronic health records from the OneFlorida+ clinical research network
Authors: Li Piaopiao , Spector Eliot , Alkhuzam Khalid , Patel Rahul , Donahoo William T. , Bost Sarah , Lyu Tianchen , Wu Yonghui , Hogan William , Prosperi Mattia , Dixon Brian E. , Dabelea Dana , Utidjian Levon H. , Crume Tessa L. , Thorpe Lorna , Liese Angela D. , Schatz Desmond A. , Atkinson Mark A. , Haller Michael J. , Shenkman Elizabeth A. , Guo Yi , Bian Jiang , Shao Hui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo develop an automated computable phenotype (CP) algorithm for identifying diabetes cases in children and adolescents using electronic health records (EHRs) from the UF Health System.Materials and MethodsThe CP algorithm was iteratively derived based on structured data from EHRs (UF Health System 2012–2020). We randomly selected 536 presumed cases among individuals aged <18 years who had (1) glycated haemoglobin levels ≥ 6.5%; or (2) fasting glucose levels ≥126 mg/dL; or (3) random plasma glucose levels ≥200 mg/dL; or (4) a diabetes‐related diagnosis code from an inpatient or outpatient encounter; or (5) prescribed, administered, or dispensed diabetes‐related medication. Four reviewers independently reviewed the patient charts to determine diabetes status and type.ResultsPresumed cases without type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis codes were categorized as non‐diabetes/other types of diabetes. The rest were categorized as T1D if the most recent diagnosis was T1D, or otherwise categorized as T2D if the most recent diagnosis was T2D. Next, we applied a list of diagnoses and procedures that can determine diabetes type (e.g., steroid use suggests induced diabetes) to correct misclassifications from Step 1. Among the 536 reviewed cases, 159 and 64 had T1D and T2D, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values of the CP algorithm were 94%, 98% and 96%, respectively, for T1D and 95%, 95% and 73% for T2D.ConclusionWe developed a highly accurate EHR‐based CP for diabetes in youth based on EHR data from UF Health. Consistent with prior studies, T2D was more difficult to identify using these methods.
Children and adolescent with suboptimal control of type 1 diabetes improve during the first 2 years on automated insulin delivery system
Authors: Kiilavuori Maaria , Varimo Tero , Tuomaala Anna‐Kaisa , Pulkkinen Mari‐Anne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsThis study investigates the influence of the automated insulin delivery system (AID) on glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who do not reach optimal glycaemic control with traditional treatment options.Materials and MethodsAll the patients aged 7 to 16 years with T1D who initiated the AID system between 24 October 2020 and 5 January 2022 in the Helsinki University Hospital and had haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels above 53 mmol/mol/7.0% (N = 79) were included. Time in tight range (TITR), time in range (TIR), HbA1c, mean sensor glucose (SG) value, time below range (TBR) and SG coefficient of variance (CV) were measured at 0, 3, 12 and 24 months. The changes in the outcome measures between the time points were included in the analyses, and statistically significant level was p‐value <0.01.ResultsAfter the initiation of AID, glycaemic control improved, and the effect lasted throughout the study period. Between 0 and 3 months, TITR and TIR increased (mean 11.7% [10.6], mean 18.1% [standard deviation [SD] 13.7], p < 0.001), whereas HbA1c and mean SG values decreased significantly (−8.3 mmol/mol [8.7]/−2.9% [2.9], p < 0.001, −1.8 mmol/L [1.7], p < 0.001). These effects were sustainable and were still visible at 12 and 24 months.ConclusionsGlycaemic control in patients not reaching treatment goals improved significantly after the initiation of the AID system, and the favourable effect lasted throughout the follow‐up. AID treatment could be an option for also those paediatric patients with T1D who do not have good skills in diabetes management.
Temperature and water content estimation in soils of the semi‐arid region of Brazil using finite difference and CFD
Authors: Pérez Daniel Milian , Gámez Rodríguez Abel , Ge Proenza Yaicel , Antonino Antonio Celso Dantas , Lima José Romualdo de Sousa , Neto Severino Martins dos Santos , Coutinho Artur Paiva , Correa Marcus Metri 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDetermining the temperature and water content of soil, at a given instant or along time, is fundamental to understand several soil‐related phenomena and processes. Evaporation, aeration, chemical‐reaction rates and types, biological processes such as germination and growth of seeds, root development, nutrient and water uptake by roots, and decomposition of organic matter by microbes, are all strongly influenced by soil temperature. On the other hand, infiltration of water through the soil surface allows soil to temporarily store water, making it available for uptake by plants and organisms living in soil. Furthermore, soil water content is closely related to physical and chemical properties of soil, such as oxygen content and demand, which impacts root breathing, microbial activity and soil chemical balance. The accurate evaluation of these two parameters and their interconnection is even relevant in semi‐arid regions, where climate conditions are particularly difficult, such as the north‐eastern zone of Brazil. Thus, the use of computational models and coupled approaches are imperative for rigorous descriptions. This work presents a contribution to estimate soil temperature and water content, by solving the heat transfer equation and the Richards equation, respectively, through finite differences. As input, the model uses the experimental material composition of the soil, the time‐dependent temperature profile at the surface and information about the regional rain regime. Three different numerical approaches were implemented: explicit, simple implicit and the Crank–Nicolson method. The calculations for temperature and water content of the soil obtained with these computational models were compared with the results from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The relative differences between the numerical methods were less than 0.006% by solving the heat transfer equation and less than 2.75% using the Richards equation. The maximum relative differences within the model, including both a constant and a variable water‐content profile, were 3.28%. The results from the computational model using the CFX tool have maximum relative differences of 0.6%, which contributes to verifying the accuracy of the implemented methods.