bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of a concentrated buprenorphine formulation in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis)
Authors: Gleeson Molly D. , Guzman David Sanchez-Migallon , Knych Heather K. , Kass Philip H. , Drazenovich Tracy L. , Hawkins Michelle G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics and sedative effects of 2 doses of a concentrated buprenorphine formulation after SC administration to red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis).
ANIMALS 6 adult red-tailed hawks.
PROCEDURES Concentrated buprenorphine (0.3 mg/kg, SC) was administered to all birds. Blood samples were collected at 10 time points over 24 hours after drug administration to determine plasma buprenorphine concentrations. After a 4-week washout period, the same birds received the same formulation at a higher dose (1.8 mg/kg, SC), and blood samples were collected at 13 time points over 96 hours. Hawks were monitored for adverse effects and assigned agitation-sedation scores at each sample collection time. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.
RESULTS Mean time to maximum plasma buprenorphine concentration was 7.2 minutes and 26.1 minutes after administration of the 0.3-mg/kg and 1.8-mg/kg doses, respectively. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations were > 1 ng/mL for mean durations of 24 and 48 hours after low- and high-dose administration, respectively. Mean elimination half-life was 6.23 hours for the low dose and 7.84 hours for the high dose. Mean agitation-sedation scores were higher (indicating some degree of sedation) than the baseline values for 24 hours at both doses. No clinically important adverse effects were observed.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Concentrated buprenorphine was rapidly absorbed, and plasma drug concentrations considered to have analgesic effects in other raptor species were maintained for extended periods. Most birds had mild to moderate sedation. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of these doses of concentrated buprenorphine in red-tailed hawks.
Effects of stacked wedge pads and chains applied to the forefeet of Tennessee Walking Horses for a five-day period on behavioral and biochemical indicators of pain, stress, and inflammation
Authors: Everett James B. , Schumacher Jim , Doherty Thomas J. , Black Randi A. , Amelse Lisa L. , Krawczel Peter , Coetzee Johann F. , Whitlock Brian K. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of stacked wedge pads and chains applied to the forefeet of Tennessee Walking Horses on behavioral and biochemical indicators of pain, stress, and inflamation.
ANIMALS 20 Tennessee Walking Horses.
PROCEDURES Horses were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: keg shoes (control; n = 10) or stacked wedge pads and exercise with chains (10). Ten days before treatment application, an accelerometer was attached at the left metatarsus of each horse to record daily activity. Horses were exercised for 20 minutes daily, beginning on day -7. On day 0, exercise ceased, the forefeet were trimmed, and the assigned treatment was applied. From days 1 through 5, horses were exercised as before. Blood samples for measurement of plasma cortisol, substance P, and fibrinogen concentrations were collected on days -5, 1, and 5 before and after exercise and every 30 minutes thereafter for 6 hours.
RESULTS No significant differences in plasma concentrations of cortisol, substance P, and fibrinogen were detected between groups. Although lying behaviors changed after shoes were applied, these behaviors did not differ significantly between groups. Shoeing appeared to have altered behavior to a greater extent than did the type of treatment applied.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Application of stacked wedge pads and chains to the forefeet of horses for a 5-day period as performed in this study evoked no acute or subacute stress or nociceptive response as measured. Although these findings should not be extrapolated to the long-term use of such devices in Tennessee Walking Horses performing the running walk, the data should be considered when making evidence-based decisions relating to animal welfare and the use of stacked wedge pads and chains.
Kinematic analysis of the thoracic limb of healthy dogs during descending stair and ramp exercises
Authors: Kopec Nadia L. , Williams Jane M. , Tabor Gillian F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the kinematics of the thoracic limb of healthy dogs during descent of stairs and a ramp with those during a trot across a flat surface (control).
ANIMALS 8 privately owned dogs.
PROCEDURES For each dog, the left thoracic limb was instrumented with 5 anatomic markers to facilitate collection of 2-D kinematic data during each of 3 exercises (descending stairs, descending a ramp, and trotting over a flat surface). The stair exercise consisted of 4 steps with a 35° slope. For the ramp exercise, a solid plank was placed over the steps to create a ramp with a 35° slope. For the flat exercise, dogs were trotted across a flat surface for 2 m. Mean peak extension, peak flexion, and range of movement (ROM) of the shoulder, elbow, and carpal joints were compared among the 3 exercises.
RESULTS Mean ROM for the shoulder and elbow joints during the stair exercise were significantly greater than during the flat exercise. Mean peak extension of the elbow joint during the flat exercise was significantly greater than that during both the stair and ramp exercises. Mean peak flexion of the elbow joint during the stair exercise was significantly greater than that during the flat exercise.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that descending stairs may be beneficial for increasing the ROM of the shoulder and elbow joints of dogs. Descending stair exercises may increase elbow joint flexion, whereas flat exercises may be better for targeting elbow joint extension.
Comparison of three computed tomographic angiography protocols to assess diameters of major arteries in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus)
Authors: Yu Pin Huan , Lee Yen Lin , Chen Chia Li , Chi Chau-Hwa 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate 3 contrast medium infusion (CMI) protocols for CT angiography (CTA) and measurement of major artery diameters in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus).
ANIMALS 9 African grey parrots with no detectable cardiovascular disease.
PROCEDURES Each bird was anesthetized and underwent placement of an IV catheter in the left basilic vein and 16-slice CTA scanning (started at peak aortic enhancement) with each of 3 CMI protocols at ≥ 1-month intervals. Protocol 1 involved catheter flushing with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and IV infusion of iopamidol (2 mL) followed by saline solution (0.2 mL; total infused volume, 5 mL). Protocol 2 involved IV infusion of iopamidol (2 mL) followed by saline solution (0.4 mL; total infused volume, 2.4 mL). Protocol 3 involved catheter flushing with saline solution and IV administration of iopamidol (2 mL; total infused volume, 4.8 mL). The diameters of 6 major arteries were measured by 2 observers, and intra- and interobserver agreement, time-enhancement variables, and patient factors affecting contrast medium enhancement were assessed.
RESULTS Among the 3 CMI protocols, CTA-derived arterial diameters differed significantly. Measurements obtained with protocol 2 were significantly larger than those obtained with the other protocols. Uniformity of the time-enhancement variables differed among CMI protocols. Patient factors had nonsignificant effects on contrast medium enhancement.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Of the CMI protocols assessed, a 2-phase CMI protocol with a post-CMI saline solution flush was the most reliable for CTA-derived measurements of the major thoracic and abdominal arteries in African grey parrots. However, further technique modification is needed.
Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of anatomic landmarks in small to medium-sized brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Döring Sophie , Arzi Boaz , Barich Catherine R. , Hatcher David C. , Kass Philip H. , Verstraete Frank J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic yield of dental radiography (Rad method) and 3 cone-beam CT (CBCT) methods for the identification of predefined anatomic landmarks in brachycephalic dogs.
ANIMALS 19 client-owned brachycephalic dogs admitted for evaluation and treatment of dental disease.
PROCEDURES 26 predefined anatomic landmarks were evaluated separately by use of the RAD method and 3 CBCT software modules (serial CBCT slices and custom cross sections, tridimensional rendering, and reconstructed panoramic views). A semiquantitative scoring system was used, and mean scores were calculated for each anatomic landmark and imaging method. The Friedman test was used to evaluate values for significant differences in diagnostic yield. For values that were significant, the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used with the Bonferroni-Holm multiple comparison adjustment to determine significant differences among each of the 6 possible pairs of diagnostic methods.
RESULTS Differences of diagnostic yield among the Rad and 3 CBCT methods were significant for 19 of 26 anatomic landmarks. For these landmarks, Rad scores were significantly higher than scores for reconstructed panoramic views for 4 of 19 anatomic landmarks, but Rad scores were significantly lower than scores for reconstructed panoramic views for 8 anatomic landmarks, tridimensional rendering for 18 anatomic landmarks, and serial CBCT slices and custom cross sections for all 19 anatomic landmarks.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CBCT methods were better suited than dental radiography for the identification of anatomic landmarks in brachycephalic dogs. Results of this study can serve as a basis for CBCT evaluation of dental disorders in brachycephalic dogs.
Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of dental disorders in small to medium-sized brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Döring Sophie , Arzi Boaz , Hatcher David C. , Kass Philip H. , Verstraete Frank J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic yield of dental radiography (Rad method) and cone-beam CT (CBCT) methods for the identification of 31 predefined dental disorders in brachycephalic dogs.
ANIMALS 19 client-owned brachycephalic dogs admitted for evaluation and treatment of dental disease.
PROCEDURES 31 predefined dental disorders were evaluated separately and scored by use of dental radiography and 3 CBCT software modules (serial CBCT slices and custom cross sections, tridimensional rendering, and reconstructed panoramic views). A qualitative scoring system was used. Dental disorders were grouped into 10 categories for statistical analysis. Point of reference for presence or absence of a dental disorder was determined as the method that could be used to clearly identify the disorder as being present. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated with the McNemar χ2 test of marginal homogeneity of paired data.
RESULTS When all 3 CBCT methods were used in combination, the diagnostic yield of CBCT was significantly higher than that of dental radiography for 4 of 10 categories (abnormal eruption, abnormally shaped roots, periodontitis, and tooth resorption) and higher, although not significantly so, for all categories, except for 1 (loss of tooth integrity).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CBCT provided more detailed information than did dental radiography. Therefore, CBCT would be better suited for use in diagnosing dental disorders in brachycephalic dogs.
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of novel midazolam gel formulations following buccal administration to healthy dogs
Authors: Aldawsari Mohammed F. , Lau Vivian W. , Babu Ramapuram J. , Arnold Robert D. , Platt Simon R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the physiochemical properties and pharmacokinetics of 3 midazolam gel formulations following buccal administration to dogs.
ANIMALS 5 healthy adult hounds.
PROCEDURES In phase 1 of a 2-phase study, 2 gel formulations were developed that contained 1% midazolam in a poloxamer 407 (P1) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (H1) base and underwent rheological and in vitro release analyses. Each formulation was buccally administered to 5 dogs such that 0.3 mg of midazolam/kg was delivered. Each dog also received midazolam hydrochloride (0.3 mg/kg, IV). There was a 3-day interval between treatments. Blood samples were collected immediately before and at predetermined times for 8 hours after drug administration for determination of plasma midazolam concentration and pharmacokinetic analysis. During phase 2, a gel containing 2% midazolam in a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose base (H2) was developed on the basis of phase 1 results. That gel was buccally administered such that midazolam doses of 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg were delivered. Each dog also received midazolam (0.3 mg/kg, IV). All posttreatment procedures were the same as those for phase 1.
RESULTS The H1 and H2 formulations had lower viscosity, greater bioavailability, and peak plasma midazolam concentrations that were approximately 2-fold as high, compared with those for the P1 formulation. The mean peak plasma midazolam concentration for the H2 formulation was 187.0 and 106.3 ng/mL when the midazolam dose administered was 0.6 and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that buccal administration of gel formulations might be a viable alternative for midazolam administration to dogs.
Comparison of the percentage of the C3-C7 vertebral canal occupied by the spinal cord in small-breed dogs with that in Doberman Pinschers and Great Danes with and without cervical spondylomyelopathy
Authors: de A. Bonelli Marília , da Costa Ronaldo C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the percentage of the C3-C7 vertebral canal occupied by the spinal cord in small-breed dogs with that in Doberman Pinschers and Great Danes with and without cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM).
ANIMALS 30 small-breed dogs (body weight, < 15 kg), 15 clinically normal Doberman Pinschers, 15 Doberman Pinschers with CSM, 15 clinically normal Great Danes, and 15 Great Danes with CSM.
PROCEDURES In a retrospective study, sagittal and transverse T2-weighted MRI images of the cervical (C3 to C7) vertebral column obtained from dogs that met study criteria and were free of extensive abnormalities that could affect the spinal cord diameter between January 2005 and February 2015 were reviewed. The area and height of the vertebral column and spinal cord were measured at the cranial and caudal aspect of each vertebra from C3 to C7, and the percentage of the vertebral canal occupied by the spinal cord at each location was calculated and compared among groups of dogs.
RESULTS Mean percentage of the vertebral canal occupied by the spinal cord was greatest for small-breed dogs and lowest for Great Danes, but did not differ between Doberman Pinschers and small-breed dogs at approximately half of the locations evaluated or between Doberman Pinschers with and without CSM or between Great Danes with and without CSM.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that the percentage of the vertebral canal occupied by the spinal cord, although expected to increase with vertebral canal stenosis, may not have a primary role in the pathogenesis of CSM.
Evaluation of ADAMTS17 in Chinese Shar-Pei with primary open-angle glaucoma, primary lens luxation, or both
Authors: Oliver James A. C. , Rustidge Sophie , Pettitt Louise , Jenkins Christopher A. , Farias Fabiana H. G. , Giuliano Elizabeth A. , Mellersh Cathryn S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the coding regions of ADAMTS17 for potential mutations in Chinese Shar-Pei with a diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary lens luxation (PLL), or both.
ANIMALS 63 Shar-Pei and 96 dogs of other breeds.
PROCEDURES ADAMTS17 exon resequencing was performed on buccal mucosal DNA from 10 Shar-Pei with a diagnosis of POAG, PLL, or both (affected dogs). A candidate causal variant sequence was identified, and additional dogs (53 Shar-Pei [11 affected and 42 unaffected] and 95 dogs of other breeds) were genotyped for the variant sequence by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Total RNA was extracted from ocular tissues of 1 affected Shar-Pei and 1 ophthalmologically normal Golden Retriever; ADAMTS17 cDNA was reverse transcribed and sequenced, and ADAMTS17 expression was evaluated by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assay.
RESULTS All affected Shar-Pei were homozygous for a 6-bp deletion in exon 22 of ADAMTS17 predicted to affect the resultant protein. All unaffected Shar-Pei were heterozygous or homozygous for the wild-type allele. The variant sequence was significantly associated with affected status (diagnosis of POAG, PLL, or both). All dogs of other breeds were homozygous for the wild-type allele. The cDNA sequencing confirmed presence of the expected variant mRNA sequence in ocular tissue from the affected dog only. Gene expression analysis revealed a 4.24-fold decrease in the expression of ADAMTS17 in ocular tissue from the affected dog.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results supported that the phenotype (diagnosis of POAG, PLL, or both) is an autosomal recessive trait in Shar-Pei significantly associated with the identified mutation in ADAMTS17.
Analisis Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Peserta Didik Terhadap Pembelajaran Fisika Kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Titian Teras Muaro Jambi
Authors: Sari Novita , Suryanti Krisna , Manurung Santy Meilisa , Sintia Sintia 
Published: December 2017

<p class="StyleE-JournalKeywordsNotItalic">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran terhadap motivasi pembelajaran fisika kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Titian Teras. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tingkat motivasi belajar termasuk dalam kriteria sedang. Penelitian tentang motivasi belajar siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA TitianTeras MuaroJambi, menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tingkat motivasi belajar termasuk dalam kriteria sedang untuk siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA TitianTeras MuaroJambi .Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kontribusi terhadap pencapaian nilai rata-rata siswa, salah satunya motivasi belajar. Motivasi belajar sangat penting dalam proses pembelajaran karena proses belajar membutuhkan interaksi dan partisipasi aktif dari peserta didik untuk berhasil.</p><p class="StyleE-JournalKeywordsNotItalic"> </p>
The first report of chemical and biological study of essential oil from Begonia reniformis leaf (Begoniaceae)
Authors: Da Silva Anne G. M. , Silva Marcilio W. F. , Bezerra Giselle B. , Ramos Clécio Souza 
Published: December 2017

Species of the genus Begonia are expensive ornamental plants. There have been few reports of chemical studies with the Begonia species. Here we report the first chemical and biological study of essential oil for a species of Begonia. The essential oil of the Begonia reniformis leaf obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed via GC-MS and twenty-one compounds were identified. Sesquiterpenes silphiperfol-4,7(14)-diene and β-vetispirene were the major ones with a percentage of 15.7 and 21.0%, respectively. The oil showed weak activity against bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 625μg/mL for each of the two bacteria.
Optimization of a homogeneous ternary solvent system for the quantification of lead in crystal sugar samples
Authors: Chagas Júnior Olair , Côrrea Silviana , Melo Isabela Cristina Silva , Lobo Fabiana Aparecida , De Almeida Alex Magalhães 
Published: December 2017

During sugar production, contamination of the sugar by potentially toxic metals may occur. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods to quantify these contaminants. An analytical method for the monitoring of lead in sugar samples was developed with the use of homogeneous ternary system of solvents and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The ternary system was optimized using multivariate experiments and the best condition was: 10% water, 80% ethanol and 10% methyl isobutyl ketone. As the complexing agent, monosodium 4- (2-pyridylazo) resorcinol was used. The calibration curve was linear from 0.64 to 5.0 mg.L-1, ABS = 0.0873 [Pb2 +] - 0.0032 and R² = 0.9988. The limit of quantification was 0.53 mg.L-1 and limit of detection was 0.45 mg.L-1 with 95% confidence level, the standard addition curve was linear, ABS = 0.0736 [Pb2+] + 0.0846 And R² = 0.9971. Three samples were analyzed in triplicate and the concentration of lead obtained ranged from 84,741 ± 3,700 mg.Kg-1; 69.926 ± 11.837 mg.Kg-1 and 76.444 ± 7.1111 mg.Kg-1. For the standard addition curve, the concentration found was approximately 230,000 mg.kg-1. Considering the Brazilian standard, the lead concentration should not exceed 2.00 mg.Kg-1, thus, it is concluded that the values obtained were not within the norm for this metal.
Hipertensión ocular asociada a malformaciones craneofaciales: Síndrome de Axenfeld-Rieger (SAR): Reporte de un caso
Authors: Arcos Marisa , Espinoza Marin Diego Alejandro , Escandon Cordero Jose Antonio 
Published: January 2018

RESUMEN
Introducción: Las anomalías del desarrollo de la cámara anterior ocular y su ángulo que se deben a un desarrollo defectuoso de las estructuras que conforman la salida normal del humor acuoso, incluyen el SAR, cuya prevalencia es de uno cada 200.000 individuos. Se asocia a glaucoma secundario, en un 50% de los casos.
Paciente y método: Reporte de un caso: Paciente de sexo femenino, de 20 años, con hipoplasia de maxilar inferior y alteraciones dentarias, consulta por dificultad en la visión. Examen Físico: Agudeza Visual sin corrección Ojo Derecho (OD): cuenta dedos 2mts, Ojo Izquierdo (OI) 1/10. Biomicroscopia: embriotoxon posterior en ambos ojos (AO). Cámara formada, pupilas reactivas. Presión intraocular (PIO): OD= 36; OI=37. Gonioscopía: ángulo abierto, embriotoxon AO. Fondo de Ojo: Papilas de aspecto normal, tortuosidad vascular.
Discusión: La presencia de embriotoxon posterior con PIO aumentada, y de alteraciones maxilares y dentales nos lleva al diagnóstico clínico de SAR.
Conclusión: Es de suma importancia para médicos clínicos, pediatras, odontologos y oftalmólogos el conocimiento de la patología y de sus manifestaciones, para lograr una identificación precoz de los pacientes que permitan un seguimiento adecuado, previniendo lesiones causadas por el glaucoma secundario, con una mejoría de la calidad de vida de los mismos.