bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Murine hypothalamic destruction with vascular cell apoptosis subsequent to combined administration of human papilloma virus vaccine and pertussis toxin
Authors: Aratani Satoko , Fujita Hidetoshi , Kuroiwa Yoshiyuki , Usui Chie , Yokota Shumpei , Nakamura Ikuro , Nishioka Kusuki , Nakajima Toshihiro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractVaccination is the most powerful way to prevent human beings from contracting infectious diseases including viruses. In the case of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, an unexpectedly novel disease entity, HPV vaccination associated neuro-immunopathetic syndrome (HANS), has been reported and remains to be carefully verified. To elucidate the mechanism of HANS, we applied a strategy similar to the active experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) model - one of the most popular animal models used to induce maximum immunological change in the central nervous system. Surprisingly, mice vaccinated with pertussis toxin showed neurological phenotypes that include low responsiveness of the tail reflex and locomotive mobility. Pathological analyses revealed the damage to the hypothalamus and circumventricular regions around the third ventricle, and these regions contained apoptotic vascular endothelial cells. These data suggested that HPV-vaccinated donners that are susceptible to the HPV vaccine might develop HANS under certain environmental factors. These results will give us the new insight into the murine pathological model of HANS and help us to find a way to treat of patients suffering from HANS.
Climate variations of Central Asia on orbital to millennial timescales
Authors: Cheng Hai , Spötl Christoph , Breitenbach Sebastian F. M. , Sinha Ashish , Wassenburg Jasper A. , Jochum Klaus Peter , Scholz Denis , Li Xianglei , Yi Liang , Peng Youbing , Lv Yanbin , Zhang Pingzhong , Votintseva Antonina , Loginov Vadim , Ning Youfeng , Kathayat Gayatri , Edwards R. Lawrence 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe extent to which climate variability in Central Asia is causally linked to large-scale changes in the Asian monsoon on varying timescales remains a longstanding question. Here we present precisely dated high-resolution speleothem oxygen-carbon isotope and trace element records of Central Asia’s hydroclimate variability from Tonnel’naya cave, Uzbekistan and Kesang cave, western China. On orbital timescales, the supra-regional climate variance, inferred from our oxygen isotope records, exhibits a precessional rhythm, punctuated by millennial-scale abrupt climate events, suggesting a close coupling with the Asian monsoon. However, the local hydroclimatic variability at both cave sites, inferred from carbon isotope and trace element records, shows climate variations that are distinctly different from their supra-regional modes. Particularly, hydroclimatic changes in both Tonnel’naya and Kesang areas during the Holocene lag behind the supra-regional climate variability by several thousand years. These observations may reconcile the apparent out-of-phase hydroclimatic variability, inferred from the Holocene lake proxy records, between Westerly Central Asia and Monsoon Asia.
Increase phosphorus availability from the use of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) green manure in rice (Oryza sativa L.) agroecosystem
Authors: Gao Xiaoye , Shi Dongyan , Lv Aimin , Wang Shengyin , Yuan Shili , Zhou Peng , An Yuan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlfalfa is a good green manure source, but its effect on rice growth has not been fully elucidated. Two green manure species, alfalfa and broad bean (Vicia faba L.), and two N fertilizer levels, alone or combination, were applied to a rice field. The results indicated that alfalfa had more pronounced effects on increasing soil labile phosphorus (P) fractions (including NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi), P uptake and soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase) than broad bean and N fertilizer. The transformation of NaHCO3-Po to labile P regulated by alfalfa played a significant direct and indirect effect on grain yield. Although a much lower N input from alfalfa addition, a similar grain yield with N fertilizer treatment was achieved, and the integration of alfalfa with N fertilizer produced the highest grain yield and P availability, which was associated with the highest urease, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase activity in soil. These results indicate that alfalfa green manure had a great ability of increasing grain yield through enhancing P availability in rice paddy, which could give us a way to reduce N fertilizer application by enhancing P availability.
Cinetics: Fueling Entrepreneurial Innovations through Crowdfunding
Authors: Li Zhuoxin , Jarvenpaa Sirkka L. , Pattan Nisha 
Published: November 2016

The case examines how the founder of a startup company came up with the entrepreneurial idea and used Kickstarter as a platform to establish and grow his company. The case describes in detail the history of the company and charts out the crowdfunding campaigns that provided the company the initial funding. The case concludes at the point at which the founder is considering different funding options to scale the company even further. The case can be used in a variety of classes including digital business, open innovation, strategic IT management, digital innovation and entrepreneurship, and digital marketing.
Chitin oligosaccharide deacetylase from Shewanella baltica ATCC BAA-1091
Authors: Hirano Takako , Shiraishi Haruka , Ikejima Masafumi , Uehara Rie , Hakamata Wataru , Nishio Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Chitin oligosaccharide deacetylase (COD) from bacteria that have been examined so far typically comprise two carbohydrate-binding domains (CBDs) and one polysaccharide deacetylase domain. In contrast, Shewanella baltica ATCC BAA-1091 COD (Sb-COD) has only one CBD, yet exhibits chitin-binding properties and substrate specificities similar to those of other CODs.
Application study of 1,2-α-l-fucosynthase: introduction of Fucα1-2Gal disaccharide structures on N-glycan, ganglioside, and xyloglucan oligosaccharide
Authors: Sugiyama Yuta , Katoh Toshihiko , Honda Yuji , Gotoh Aina , Ashida Hisashi , Kurihara Shin , Yamamoto Kenji , Katayama Takane 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We have recently generated a highly efficient 1,2-α-l-fucosynthase (BbAfcA N423H mutant) by protein engineering of 1,2-α-l-fucosidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM 1254. This synthase could specifically introduce H-antigens (Fucα1-2Gal) into the non-reducing ends of oligosaccharides and in O-linked glycans in mucin glycoprotein. In the present study, we show an extended application of the engineered 1,2-α-l-fucosynthase by demonstrating its ability to insert Fuc residues into N- and O-glycans in fetuin glycoproteins, GM1 ganglioside, and a plant-derived xyloglucan nonasaccharide. This application study broadens the feasibility of this novel H-antigen synthesis technique in functional glycomics.
Study of instability driving inward particle flux during the formation of transport barriers at the edge of the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Kong D.F. , Lan T. , Liu A.D. , Yu C.X. , Zhao H.L. , Shen H.G. , Yan L.W. , Dong J.Q. , Xu M. , Zhao K.J. , Cheng J. , Duan X.R. , Liu Y. , Chen R. , Sun X. , Xie J.L. , Li H. , Liu W.D. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
An electrostatic coherent mode with a frequency of

20
∼
100

kHz can be observed during the formation of transport barriers in high-confinement-mode plasma in the HL-2A tokamak, using reciprocating Langmuir probes. The mode drives a strong inward particle flux measured directly with four-tip probes with values comparable to the particle flux at the striking point in the divertor, which has also been validated by the measurement of other diagnostics. Several characteristics simultaneously indicate that the mode is an ion mode excited at the edge, which plays an important role in the formation of transport barriers besides particle diffusion.
Early Prescription Opioid Use for Musculoskeletal Disorders and Work Outcomes
Authors: Carnide Nancy , Hogg-Johnson Sheilah , Côté Pierre , Irvin Emma , Van Eerd Dwayne , Koehoorn Mieke , Furlan Andrea D. 
Published: November 2016

Objectives:
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a common source of work disability. Opioid prescribing for MSDs has been on the rise, despite a lack of data on effectiveness. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to determine whether early receipt of opioids is associated with future work outcomes among workers with MSDs compared with other analgesics, no analgesics, or placebo.

Methods:
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to 2014 and reference lists were scanned. Studies were included if opioids were prescribed within 12 weeks of MSD onset. Eligible outcomes included absenteeism, work status, receiving disability payments, and functional status. Two reviewers independently reviewed articles for relevance, risk of bias, and data extraction using standardized forms. Data synthesis using best evidence synthesis methods was planned.

Results:
Five historical cohort studies met the inclusion criteria, all including workers filing wage compensation claims. Four studies demonstrated a significant association between early opioids and prolonged work disability. One study found a shorter time between prescriptions to be associated with shorter work disability. However, all studies were found to be at a high risk of bias and a best evidence synthesis could not be conducted. The main limitations identified were with exposure measurement and control of confounding.

Discussion:
Current literature suggests that opioids provided within the first 12 weeks of onset of an MSD are associated with prolonged work disability. However, the conclusions of these studies need testing in a high-quality study that addresses the methodological shortcomings identified in the current review.
Evaluation of Functional Visual Acuity in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Ozeki Naoki , Yuki Kenya , Shiba Daisuke , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
We evaluated the association between functional visual acuity (FVA) and visual fields in glaucoma patients.

Patients and Methods:
Forty-seven patients with glaucoma were enrolled (28 men, 19 women; mean age: 65.2±7.3 y; range: 38 to 82 y), and their 94 eyes were studied. Inclusion criteria were having glaucomatous optic disc abnormalities, visual field loss with glaucoma, and a best-corrected visual acuity in each eye of 1.0 (equivalent to Snellen 20/20) or better. FVA and visual maintenance ratio evaluations were made with an AS-28 FVA measurement system. To assess FVA, Landolt optotypes were displayed sequentially for 2 seconds each, and the size was reduced when the patient gave the correct answer. Humphrey automated perimetry was performed to determine mean deviation (MD) and foveal threshold, and these values were used to evaluate associations between FVA and visual field. Mean and SD was calculated for all parameters for statistical comparisons.

Results:
The MD values were −10.1±7.3 (range: −29.87 to 1.05) dB, and foveal thresholds were 34.8±2.8 (mean±SD, range: 25 to 41) dB. The logMAR FVA values were 0.14±0.17 (range: −0.14 to 0.73), and the visual maintenance ratios were 0.92±0.06 (range: 0.73 to 1.02). Linear regression analysis of the logMAR FVA values and visual field gave a MD of R=0.26 (P=0.01), and a foveal threshold of R=0.51 (P<0.001). The corresponding figures for the visual maintenance ratio and visual field were MD: R=0.25 (P=0.01) and foveal threshold: R=0.48 (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
The results of the current study showed that the logMAR FVA and visual maintenance ratio correlated moderately with foveal threshold.
Future directions in chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy
Authors: Maude Shannon L. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review
The impact of immunotherapy has grown exponentially in the past 5 years. Principle illustrations are encouraging results with engineered T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). This experimental therapy is developing simultaneously in pediatric and adult clinical trials, making this field particularly relevant and exciting for pediatric oncologists.

Recent findings
CAR-modified T cells targeting CD19 have produced dramatic antitumor responses in patients with relapsed/refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clinical trials from several institutions, in both children and adults, using distinct CAR T cell products have demonstrated similar high complete remission rates of 61–93%, with durable remissions observed. Although the development of CARs for other malignancies has lagged behind, research into novel approaches to overcome inherent challenges is promising.

Summary
Clinical trials of CAR-modified T cells have produced unprecedented results and are anticipated to have a broader impact as this approach expands into other indications, including other cancers and frontline therapy. The potential for long-term disease control, if fully realized, will have a transformative impact on the field.
Ambivalent Precarity: Career Trajectories and Temporalities in Highly Skilled Sports Labor Migration from West Africa to Northern Europe
Authors: Agergaard Sine , Ungruhe Christian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTransnational migrants are often considered to be the core of the new global precariat. On the one hand, migrants are particularly likely to become precariats, due to the outsourcing of precarious work to migrant workers and the attribution of precarious citizenship status to migrants. On the other hand, labor migrants’ accounts show that this precarity is not exclusively based on oppression, misery, and exploitation, but that labor migration is also driven by hope and the imagination of a better future; hardships may even open up new opportunities. This article aims to scrutinize the ambivalence of precarity and the ways in which precarization processes also appear in highly skilled labor migration (in this case sought‐after jobs as transnational athletes). The article draws on material from multisited field studies among aspiring and current soccer migrants. The experiences and conditions are described for female and male soccer players who originate from various West African settings and move to Northern European locations. The analysis finds ambivalent precarization processes at various points of the career. The temporality of precarization processes becomes apparent when comparing the large number of young men and women who strive to migrate to the few individuals who become professional players abroad but often struggle with occupational challenges after their careers. The article ends by suggesting an engagement with the ambivalences of precarious work in future studies, both in sport and other vocational sectors.
Numerical Investigation of Flow Structure and Heat Transfer Produced by a Single Highly Confined Bubble in a Pressure-Driven Channel Flow
Authors: Willard John R. , Hollingsworth D. Keith 
Published: November 2016

Confined bubbly flows in millimeter-scale channels produce significant heat transfer enhancement when compared to single-phase flows. This enhancement has been demonstrated in experimental studies, and some of these studies conclude that the enhancement persists even in the absence of active nucleation sites and bubble growth. This observation leads to the hypothesis that the enhancement is driven by a convective phenomenon in the liquid phase around the bubble instead of sourcing from microlayer evaporation or active nucleation. Presented here is a numerical investigation of flow structure and heat transfer due to a single bubble moving through a millimeter-scale channel in the absence of phase change. The simulation includes thermal boundary conditions designed to match those of a recent experiment. The channel is horizontal with a uniform-heat-generation upper boundary condition and an adiabatic lower boundary condition. The Lagrangian framework allows the simulation of a channel of arbitrary length using this smaller computational domain. The fluid phases are modeled using the Volume-of-Fluid method with full geometric reconstruction of the liquid/gas interface. The liquid around the bubble moves as a low-Reynolds-number unsteady laminar flow.
In a square region from the trailing edge of the contact line to one nominal bubble diameter behind the bubble, the area-averaged Nusselt number is, at its greatest, 4.7 times the value produced by a single-phase flow. Bubble shape and speed compare well to observations from the recent experiment.
The heat transfer enhancement can be attributed to flow structures created by bubble motion. Multiple regions have been observed and are differentiated by their respective vortex characteristics. The primary region exists directly behind the bubble and exhibits the highest enhancement in heat transfer. It contains channel-spanning vortices that move cold fluid along the centerline and edge of the vortices from near the far wall of the channel to the heated wall. The cold fluid delivered by this motion tends to thin the thermal gradient region near the wall and directly behind the bubble and results in the highest local heat transfer coefficients. This vortex drives a bulk exchange of fluid across the channel and elongates the area of heat transfer enhancement to several bubble diameters. The secondary region is a set of vortices that exist to the side and slightly behind the bubble. These vortices rotate at a shallow angle to the primary flow direction and are weaker than those in the other regions.
Flow and Heat Transfer Study of an Impinging Piezoelectric Fan Over a Vertical Surface
Authors: Habibi Parsa Shadi , Ghaffari Omidreza , Solovitz Stephen , Arik Mehmet 
Published: November 2016

Piezoelectric fans are low-form-factor cooling devices, which have gained recent attention for electronics cooling. These devices feature a vibrating blade, which sheds vortices from its tip during its motion. The performance of a piezoelectric fan is based on its location, orientation, and operating condition. Thus, we investigated the heat transfer and flow field of an impinging flow produced by a piezoelectric fan.
The heat transfer tests are conducted using a vertical, 2.54 cm × 2.54 cm copper heater, which is configured with the piezoelectric fan positioned along its centerline. The fan is operated at its fundamental frequency of 60 Hz, where it achieves maximum heat transfer and fan deflection. There is significant heat transfer degradation with increasing heater-to-fan spacing and off-resonance operating conditions.
To better understand this thermal performance, we require information about the flow field produced by this pulsating flow. Hence, we performed particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the flow field for free and impinging cases with different heater-to-fan spacing. We used instantaneous and time-averaged PIV to depict the response in a region within approximately two times the fan oscillation amplitude. In this region, there was a stagnation flow close to the heater, which would result in significant heat transfer. However, this flow also featured high-magnitude velocity vectors towards the sides of the heater rather than towards its center, which would likely result in non-uniform heat transfer.
Non-Boiling Heat Transfer of Air/Water Mist Flow in a Square Duct With Orthogonal Ribs
Authors: Huang Yi-Hsuan , Chen Chiao-Hsin , Liu Yao-Hsien 
Published: November 2016

Heat transfer of mist flow in a rib-roughened square duct was experimentally determined using infrared thermography. The mist flow was generated by introducing fine dispersed water droplets into the air stream. A constant heat flux was applied to the surface during the test and the surface temperature was kept below the boiling point. The heat transfer measurement was performed on a heated surface located inside a vertical square duct with a hydraulic diameter of 4cm. The air/water mist flow was carried upward by air flow from a blower placed at the bottom of the duct. The flow passed through a flow straightener and entered the heated region of the square duct. The Reynolds numbers of the carrier fluid were 7900, 16000 and 24000.
The results showed that mist flow cooling achieved higher heat transfer rates compared to the air cooling. Thin liquid films formed on the heated surface by the mist flow and the evaporation from the droplets and liquid film contributed to a higher heat removal rate. The heat transfer enhancement on the smooth surface by the mist flow was 4 to 6 times higher compared to the air flow.
Rib turbulators were typically applied in channel walls for heat transfer enhancement in gas turbine blades or heat exchangers. Ribs caused flow reattachment and promoted flow mixing. The higher Nusselt number induced by flow reattachment can be visualized using infrared thermography. For the ribbed case, the heat transfer contours were reported based the regions between ribs. Square brass ribs were used and the rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio was 0.05. The rib pitch-to-height ratios were 10 and 20 in the current study.
For the mist flow in the ribbed duct, the intense flow mixing and secondary flow caused by the ribs blew away liquid films on the surface. The heat transfer enhancement near the reattachment region was mainly influenced by the droplet impingement on the surface. In the ribbed duct, the heat transfer enhancement from using the mist flow was 2.5 to 3.5 times higher compared to the air flow.
Numerical Investigation on a Latent Thermal Energy Storage With Aluminum Foam
Authors: Buonomo Bernardo , Ercole Davide , Manca Oronzio , Nardini Sergio 
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a numerical investigation on Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System (LHTESS) based on a phase change material (PCM) in a metal foam is accomplished. A vertical shell and tube LHTESS made with two concentric aluminum tubes is investigated. The internal surface of the hollow cylinder is at a constant temperature above the PCM melting temperature to simulate the heat transfer from a hot fluid. The other external surfaces are assumed adiabatic. The phase change of the PCM is modeled with the enthalpy porosity theory while the metal foam is considered as a porous media that obeys to the Darcy-Forchheimer law. Local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) model is assumed to analyze the metal foam and some comparison are accomplished with the local thermal equilibrium model assumption. The governing equations are solved employing the Ansys-Fluent 15 code. Numerical simulations for PCM, PCM in the porous medium in LTE and in LTNE assumptions are obtained. Results as a function of time for the charging phase are carried out for different porosities and assigned pore per inch (PPI).
The results show that at high porosity the LTE and LTNE models have the same melting time while at low porosity the LTNE has a larger melting time. Moreover, the presence of metal foam improves significantly the heat transfer in the LHTESS giving a very faster phase change process with respect to pure PCM, reducing the melting time more than one order of magnitude.