bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE OPTICS OF REFRACTIVE SUBSTRUCTURE
Authors: Johnson Michael D. , Narayan Ramesh 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Newly recognized effects of refractive scattering in the ionized interstellar medium have broad implications for very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at extreme angular resolutions. Building upon work by Blandford & Narayan, we present a simplified, geometrical optics framework, which enables rapid, semi-analytic estimates of refractive scattering effects. We show that these estimates exactly reproduce previous results based on a more rigorous statistical formulation. We then derive new expressions for the scattering-induced fluctuations of VLBI observables such as closure phase, and we demonstrate how to calculate the fluctuations for arbitrary quantities of interest using a Monte Carlo technique.
THE CHEMISTRY OF INTERSTELLAR ARGONIUM AND OTHER PROBES OF THE MOLECULAR FRACTION IN DIFFUSE CLOUDS
Authors: Neufeld David A. , Wolfire Mark G. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a general parameter study in which the abundance of interstellar argonium (ArH+) is predicted using a model for the physics and chemistry of diffuse interstellar gas clouds. Results have been obtained as a function of UV radiation field, cosmic-ray ionization rate, and cloud extinction. No single set of cloud parameters provides an acceptable fit to the typical ArH+, OH+, and

abundances observed in diffuse clouds within the Galactic disk. Instead, the observed abundances suggest that ArH+ resides primarily in a separate population of small clouds of total visual extinction of at most 0.02 mag per cloud, within which the column-averaged molecular fraction is in the range

, while OH+ and

reside primarily in somewhat larger clouds with a column-averaged molecular fraction ∼0.2. This analysis confirms our previous suggestion that the argonium molecular ion is a unique tracer of almost purely atomic gas.
THE OPTICAL VARIABILITY OF SDSS QUASARS FROM MULTI-EPOCH SPECTROSCOPY. III. A SUDDEN UV CUTOFF IN QUASAR SDSS J2317+0005
Authors: Guo(郭恒潇) Hengxiao , Malkan Matthew A. , Gu Minfeng , Li Linlin , Prochaska J. Xavier , Ma Jingzhe , You Bei , Zafar Tayyaba , Liao Mai 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We have collected near-infrared to X-ray data of 20 multi-epoch heavily reddened SDSS quasars to investigate the physical mechanism of reddening. Of these, J2317+0005 is found to be a UV cutoff quasar. Its continuum, which usually appears normal, decreases by a factor 3.5 at 3000 Å, compared to its more typical bright state during an interval of 23 days. During this sudden continuum cut-off the broad emission line fluxes do not change, perhaps due to the large size of the broad-line region (BLR), r

23/(1+z) days. The UV continuum may have suffered a dramatic drop out. However, there are some difficulties with this explanation. Another possibility is that the intrinsic continuum did not change but was temporarily blocked out, at least toward our line of sight. As indicated by X-ray observations, the continuum rapidly recovers after 42 days. A comparison of the bright state and dim states would imply an eclipse by a dusty cloud with a reddening curve having a remarkably sharp rise shortward of 3500 Å. Under the assumption of being eclipsed by a Keplerian dusty cloud, we characterized the cloud size with our observations, however, which is a little smaller than the 3000 Å continuum-emitting size inferred from accretion disk models. Therefore, we speculate that this is due to a rapid outflow or inflow with a dusty cloud passing through our line of sight to the center.
COMPRESSIVE COHERENT STRUCTURES AT ION SCALES IN THE SLOW SOLAR WIND
Authors: Perrone D. , Alexandrova O. , Mangeney A. , Maksimovic M. , Lacombe C. , Rakoto V. , Kasper J. C. , Jovanovic D. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a study of magnetic field fluctuations in a slow solar wind stream, close to ion scales, where an increase of the level of magnetic compressibility is observed. Here, the nature of these compressive fluctuations is found to be characterized by coherent structures. Although previous studies have shown that current sheets can be considered the principal cause of intermittency at ion scales, here we show for the first time that, in the case of the slow solar wind, a large variety of coherent structures contributes to intermittency at proton scales, and current sheets are not the most common. Specifically, we find compressive (

), linearly polarized structures in the form of magnetic holes, solitons, and shock waves. Examples of Alfvénic structures (

) are identified as current sheets and vortex-like structures. Some of these vortices have

, as in the case of Alfvén vortices, but the majority of them are characterized by

. Thanks to multi-point measurements by the Cluster spacecraft, for about 100 structures we could determine the normal, the propagation velocity, and the spatial scale along this normal. Independently of the nature of the structures, the normal is always perpendicular to the local magnetic field, meaning that k
⊥ ≫ k
∥. The spatial scales of the studied structures are found to be between two and eight times the proton gyroradius. Most of them are simply convected by the wind, but 25% propagate in the plasma frame. Possible interpretations of the observed structures and the connection with plasma heating are discussed.
MEGAMASER DISKS REVEAL A BROAD DISTRIBUTION OF BLACK HOLE MASS IN SPIRAL GALAXIES
Authors: Greene J. E. , Seth A. , Kim M. , Läsker R. , Goulding A. , Gao F. , Braatz J. A. , Henkel C. , Condon J. , Lo K. Y. , Zhao W. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We use new precision measurements of black hole (BH) masses from water megamaser disks to investigate scaling relations between macroscopic galaxy properties and supermassive BH mass. The megamaser-derived BH masses span 106–108

M

⊙

, while all the galaxy properties that we examine (including total stellar mass, central mass density, and central velocity dispersion) lie within a narrower range. Thus, no galaxy property correlates tightly with

M

BH

in ∼L* spiral galaxies as traced by megamaser disks. Of them all, stellar velocity dispersion provides the tightest relation, but at fixed

σ

*

the mean megamaser

M

BH

are offset by −0.6 ± 0.1 dex relative to early-type galaxies. Spiral galaxies with non-maser dynamical BH masses do not appear to show this offset. At low mass, we do not yet know the full distribution of BH mass at fixed galaxy property; the non-maser dynamical measurements may miss the low-mass end of the BH distribution due to an inability to resolve their spheres of influence and/or megamasers may preferentially occur in lower-mass BHs.
‘Hope Kept in Heaven’ in Colossians and 1 Peter
Authors: Wilson Alistair I. 
Published: July 2016

In Colossians 1:5, Paul (who is assumed to be the author for the purposes of this article) writes of ‘the hope stored up for you in heaven’ (New International Version [NIV]). This text appears to present hope (ἐλπίς) as an objective reality, which can be ‘stored up’ in heaven, rather than a description of the subjective attitude of Christian believers. This article attempts to clarify the content of the term hope in this particular text by means of careful attention to the immediate context of the verse (particularly the connection between ‘hope’ and ‘gospel’). Attention will also be paid to the use of the term ἐλπίς on two further occasions (Col 1:23; 1:27) and to other texts, which might be understood to be conceptually related to ‘hope’ without using that explicit terminology (particularly the reference to Christ appearing in 3:1–4). It is also argued that further light can be shed on Colossians 1:5 by considering texts in 1 Peter (particularly 1:3, but also 1:13, 21 and 3:5, 15 where ἐλπίς or the cognate verb is used). I will then reflect on any similarities and/or differences between the presentations of the concept of hope in these two canonical documents and draw some conclusions for New Testament theology.
Een slachtoffer heeft JHWH in het Noorderland (Jer 46:10)
Authors: Peels Hendrik G.L. 
Published: July 2016

For the Lord will offer sacrifice in the land of the North (Jer 46:10). The present article ‘For the Lord will offer sacrifice in the land of the North (Jer 46:10)’ combines two focal points of my research, namely the issue of the Old Testament image of God and the interpretation of the book of Jeremiah. In Jeremiah 46:2–12, the first oracle against Egypt sketches a frightening picture of the destruction of Egypt’s army, which was crushingly defeated by the Babylonians at Carchemish. The destruction is represented as a sacrificial meal, at which the divine sword feasts on the flesh and the blood of God’s enemies. In order to adequately understand the purport of his prophetic interpretation, I present a contextual exegesis of the pericope. It is read in its literary context and against its historical background. After a concise analysis of its structure and a detailed exegesis of the pivotal verse (46:10), I conclude with a theological evaluation concerning the meaning and significance of this eerie prophecy.
Fulfilled through the prophets
Authors: McCuistion Paul R. 
Published: July 2016

Matthew’s use of plēróō to contextualise the Hebrew prophets validates his thesis that Jesus is the Christ, son of David, son of Abraham (1:1).1 To demonstrate this concept, this article examines seven of Matthew’s fulfilment statements (1:22; 2:15; 2:17–18; 4:14–16; 8:17; 12:17–21; 21:4–5) introduced by a varied formula of fulfilled through the prophet(s). The article emphasises the Christological element of Matthew’s thesis, focusing on Jesus as the Messiah. This is accomplished by means of a critical review of seven fulfilment statements, identifying their Christological context to support Matthew’s thesis.
Mixed ƒ-divergence for Multiple Pairs of Measures
Authors: Werner Elisabeth , Ye Deping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the concept of the classical ƒ-divergence for a pair of measures is extended to the mixed ƒ-divergence formultiple pairs ofmeasures. The mixed ƒ-divergence provides a way to measure the diòerence between multiple pairs of (probability) measures. Properties for the mixed ƒ-divergence are established, such as permutation invariance and symmetry in distributions. An Alexandrov–Fenchel type inequality and an isoperimetric inequality for the mixed ƒ-divergence are proved.
The Effect of Burnout on Medical Errors and Professionalism in First-Year Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Kwah Jason , Weintraub Jennifer , Fallar Robert , Ripp Jonathan 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Burnout is a common issue in internal medicine residents, and its impact on medical errors and professionalism is an important subject of investigation.

Objective
To evaluate differences in medical errors and professionalism in internal medicine residents with and without burnout.

Methods
A single institution observational cohort study was conducted between June 2011 and July 2012. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory to generate subscores for the following 3 domains: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and sense of personal accomplishment. By convention, burnout was defined as a high emotional exhaustion or depersonalization subscore. Medication prescription error rate was the chosen measure of medical errors. Professionalism was measured cumulatively through examining discharge summaries completed within 48 hours, outpatient charts completed within 72 hours, and the average time to review outpatient laboratory tests.

Results
Of a total of 54 eligible first-year residents, 53 (98%) and 32 (59%) completed the initial and follow-up surveys, respectively. Residents with year-end burnout had a lower rate of medication prescription errors (0.553 versus 0.780, P = .007). Discharge summaries completed within 48 hours of discharge (83.8% versus 84.0%, P = .93), outpatient charts completed within 72 hours of encounter (93.7% versus 94.3%, P = .31), and time (minutes) to review outpatient laboratory test results (72.3 versus 26.9, P = .28) were similar between residents with and without year-end burnout.

Conclusions
This study found a small decrease in medical errors in residents with year-end burnout compared to burnout-free residents and no difference in selected measures of professionalism.
Systems and Design. Intangibles para el proceso de diseño en el marco de la sociedad del conocimiento
Authors: Matovelle Villamar Ruth Genoveva , Lecuona López Manuel Ramón 
Published: July 2016

Hoy vivimos en la llamada “sociedad del conocimiento”, la cual ha generado grandes trasformaciones en el quehacer empresarial. Las empresas han pasado de un sistema productivo, basado en factores materiales, a un sistema económico constituido por factores cognitivos, creativos e informativos que contribuyen cada vez más a la riqueza de las empresas. En este contexto, el objetivo del artículo es identificar las nuevas formas de conocimiento que transforman, específicamente, la dimensión empresarial y su vinculación con los componentes intangibles, cuyo tratamiento se convierte en insumos del proceso de diseño. Para su desarrollo, se optó por una inves­tigación descriptiva de la literatura existente, que permita crear un estado del arte para así conocer qué aspectos se han investigado y cuales permanecen desconocidos. En este sentido, se pudo evidenciar que el mayor reto para las empresas es la gestión apropiada del conocimiento, para de este modo alcanzar un posicionamiento competitivo y asegurar su supervivencia. La disciplina de diseño desempeña un papel estelar en la consecución de este objetivo, pues, bajo una visión sistémica, realiza la función transformadora de buscar nuevas estrategias, que le permitan identificar y mejorar la gestión de los intangibles empresariales, con la clara intención de innovar y optimizar el diseño de lo tangible.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.2997
The Design-driven Material Innovation Methodology
Authors: Lecce Chiara , Ferrara Marinella 
Published: July 2016

The paper here proposed introduces the Design-driven Material Innovation Methodology as a systematic approach in new material-product development processes as a possible strategic tool for design schools, practitioners and SMEs. Scientists and engineers are problem solver, but to engender innovations of success requires not only technological exploitations but also a broader understanding of materials meaningful application for consumers. For the design language, material performances are based in technological performance and also on experience, perception and cultural values. Nowadays the design knowledge and skills are approaching us to a new materials research scenario where creative communities, scientists and material industries are becoming deeply engaged in the creative challenge to achieve material functionality and meanings. Considering these and others factors, the Design Department of Politecnico di Milano promoted in October 2014 the Material Design Culture Research Center (MADEC) funded by FARB (University Funds for Basic Research). Within the MADEC research program, one critical point has been the identification of a specific methodology able to integrate tailor-made materials during the design process, in order to create new scenarios of concepts material and product. So, the Design-driven Material Innovation Methodology arose to enhance new products innovation starting from a specific material and suggesting a method able to manage the entire design process. After a brief forward of the method theoretical premises, the paper will analyzes the seven steps (Data collection about materials, Sensing, Sensemaking, Envisioning, Specifying, Setting up, Placing) suggested by the method associated with a selection of case studies to help its comprehension.Actually the DdMIM is part of the Design for Enterprises, the winner project of the Tender Capabilities for Design-Driven Innovation in European SMEs funded by EASME (Executive Agency for SMEs-European Commission). D4E is a consortium estabilished between MIP- Politecnico di Milano, D’Appolonia and ADIPER and will be a three years long European training program in order to help SMEs to manage a design process for product and services innovation where different actors like materials scientists, suppliers, creative communities and consumers are getting engaged.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3243
Rural development and sustainable innovation how systemic design approach can contribute to the growth of marginal regions
Authors: Bicocca Miriam 
Published: July 2016

The objective of the project is to reach sustainable development in rural areas through Design Aapproaches. Sustainable means that matches the three dimensions, people, planet and profit. Sustainable development consists of goals and strategies that together provide alternative tracks to conventional development, offering improved livelihoods to the poor in ways that promote both their empowerment and the conservation or improvement of key natural resources so that the basis of productive activities can be maintained into the future (Lele 1991; Pretty 1998). The topic of rural development is relevant becouse of the quantity of people, poor or extremely poor, living in rural territories. More than 3 billion people live in rural areas. Design rarely deals with rural development and with the definition of a system that can facilitate the growth and the development of the territory. If it does, it usually focuses on products or services. The most important futures, which globally all rural areas share in common, are remoteness and isolation. Many rural sociologists argue that small structure and cooperation are important strengths that contribute to ethic and social identity. The central role that play territorial context and relationships in the Systemic Design Approach (SDA) makes it a very effective approach to support and encourage rural development in a sustainable way. Applying the SDA, it is possible to manage local resources and local products in a way that allows the economic strengthening of the farmers and communities that live in the territory. The Systemic Design team of the Deparment of Architecture and Design (DAD) of Politecnico di Torino has been engaged for years into the develop of the Systemic Design Approach, that can be summed up by five principles (Bistagnino, 2011): Output &gt; Input: the output (waste) of a system becomes the input (resource) for another one Relationships that generate the system, each one contributes to the system Auto-generation systems sustain themselves by reproducing automatically Act locally: context is fundamental because it values local resources (humans, cultures and materials) and it helps to modify local problems in new opportunities Man at the centre of the project: Man is connected to social, cultural and ethic environment It is essential to start from the current state of the art, that allows to define strengths and weaknesses, before to design the system, made of flows between actors.
Ecodesign assessment information an important tool for the design of new elements for building construction
Authors: González Madariaga Francisco Javier , Rosa Sierra Luis A. , Gómez Gómez Jaime F. 
Published: July 2016

This paper reports some aspects about a new wallboard panel for building construction, a few facts from the materials research involved in the wallboard production and the design process carried on are reported too. The research done on the new panel eventually became in a whole new building construction system but more specific technical information about the system and the panel´s technical profile can be found in other publications, here has been privileged the discussion about the environmental impact produced by the new system´s in a whole. The flat panel is produced mainly with a nucleus of gypsum and water plaster, during its process that mixture has been enriched with agave dry fibers and polystyrene expanded plastic particles those materials cooperate to produce a light and resistant flat building construction product, both materials, dry fibers and plastic are materials recovered from the urban waste flow, this is a environmental benefit by itself. Wallboards samples were produced according several formulas and under different conditions, after they all were tested in labs. The project named “Design a building construction system based on an innovative flat panel produced with gypsum plaster, expanded plastic particles and agave dry fibers as reinforcement” is a six stages research project: a) Background, b) Preliminary lab works, c) Experimental stage 1, d). Experimental stage 2, e) Design and product development, and, f). Eco design assessment. Today all of project stages show a great advance, and the research team works on a detailed design for a new building construction system. As can be noticed in the project’s framework, one of the main objectives for the system is to reach a less ecological impact than other similar products. In order to verify that those goals have been reached, an Ecodesign assessment was carried on by the research team. In this paper the assessment procedure and some data output are brought to discussion.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3368
Desarrollo de proceso para elaboración de horma personalizada mediante el uso de herramientas de manufactura flexible.
Authors: Neri Ledezma Sergio , Santana Madrigal Gloria , García Álvarez Norberto 
Published: July 2016

El presente proyecto busca la generación de un nuevo sistema para el desarrollo de componentes para la elaboración de zapatos mediante la implementación de sistemas computacionales para el diseño, desarrollo, evaluación y fabricación del producto. Particularmente se busca el desarrollo de hormas para menores con padecimientos de Malformaciones Congénitas (MC), que permita a través de su elaboración, la eventual confección de calzado personalizado ajustado a la morfología de las extremidades. El caso del presente proyecto, busca atender la malformación de pie equino; alteración que compromete el eje transversal, permitiendo con ello, coadyuvar a las técnicas terapéuticas convencionales para el tratamiento de este tipo de anomalías estructurales y/o funcionales. La metodología utilizada para tal fin, se basa en la aplicación de las herramientas de manufactura flexible (escáner 3D, digitalizador, software CAD, CAE e impresión 3D) para el desarrollo de productos industriales. El resultado obtenido, es un par de hormas adecuadas al padecimiento referido, generando una posibilidad importante de abrir un nicho de mercado en el desarrollo y comercialización de este tipo de insumos que aportan valor a un sector industrial todavía tradicional; método y producto que permiten mejorar mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas y su inclusión en la sociedad.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3735