bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal exposure to a Western‐style diet causes differences in intestinal microbiota composition and gene expression of suckling mouse pups
Authors: Steegenga Wilma T. , Mischke Mona , Lute Carolien , Boekschoten Mark V. , Lendvai Agnes , Pruis Maurien G. M. , Verkade Henkjan J. , van de Heijning Bert J. M. , Boekhorst Jos , Timmerman Harro M. , Plösch Torsten , Müller Michael , Hooiveld Guido J. E. J. 
Published: May 2016

ScopeThe long‐lasting consequences of nutritional programming during the early phase of life have become increasingly evident. The effects of maternal nutrition on the developing intestine are still underexplored.Methods and resultsIn this study, we observed (1) altered microbiota composition of the colonic luminal content, and (2) differential gene expression in the intestinal wall in 2‐week‐old mouse pups born from dams exposed to a Western‐style (WS) diet during the perinatal period. A sexually dimorphic effect was found for the differentially expressed genes in the offspring of WS diet‐exposed dams but no differences between male and female pups were found for the microbiota composition.Integrative analysis of the microbiota and gene expression data revealed that the maternal WS diet independently affected gene expression and microbiota composition. However, the abundance of bacterial families not affected by the WS diet (Bacteroidaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Lachnospiraceae) correlated with the expression of genes playing a key role in intestinal development and functioning (e.g. Pitx2 and Ace2).ConclusionOur data reveal that maternal consumption of a WS diet during the perinatal period alters both gene expression and microbiota composition in the intestinal tract of 2‐week‐old offspring.
Effect of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Use on Sedative Requirements in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Nigoghossian Caroline Der , Dzierba Amy L. , Etheridge Joshua , Roberts Russel , Muir Justin , Brodie Daniel , Schumaker Greg , Bacchetta Matthew , Ruthazer Robin , Devlin John W. 
Published: May 2016

Study ObjectivesTo compare sedative dose requirements during the 6‐hour period when they are greatest in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as well as the time from severe ARDS onset to reach this maximum sedation exposure, between patients with severe ARDS who were managed either with or without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Also, to explore factors other than ECMO use that may influence sedation requirements during this period of maximum sedation.DesignRetrospective comparative cohort analysis.Data SourcesTwo academic centers, one with an adult ECMO program and one without.PatientsConsecutive adults with severe ARDS who were receiving continuous‐infusion sedative therapy for at least 48 hours from the time of severe ARDS diagnosis and who were managed with ECMO (34 patients) or without ECMO (60 patients) between 2009 and 2013.Measurements and Main ResultsAmong patients managed with ECMO, the maximum median (interquartile range [IQR]) 6‐hr sedative exposure (in midazolam equivalents) was nearly twice as high (118 [IQR 48–225] mg vs 60 [37–99] mg, p=0.004) and was reached, on average, 3 days later (4 [IQR 1–8] vs 1 [IQR 0.5–6] days, p=0.003) than patients not managed with ECMO. Patients managed with ECMO were younger, had a higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and, in the 24 hours prior to the period of maximum sedative exposure, had a higher ratio of partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to fraction of inspired oxygen and were more likely to receive renal replacement and high‐dose fentanyl (2000 μg or more/24 hrs) therapy. An adjusted multivariable linear regression model using the natural logarithmic value of the maximum sedative exposure in a 6‐hour period revealed that patient age (p=0.04) and administration of high‐dose fentanyl in the 24 hours prior to the 6‐hour period of maximum sedative use (p<0.0001) were each independently associated with the maximum 6‐hour sedative requirement reached, but the use of ECMO was not (p=0.52).ConclusionAlthough the application of ECMO during severe ARDS resulted in a period of maximum sedation exposure that was both greater and took longer to reach, factors other than ECMO, particularly high‐dose opioid administration, appeared more likely to account for this maximum sedation use. Further research surrounding sedative requirements, clearance, and patient response during ECMO is required.
Ultrakalte Atome in zwei Dimensionen
Authors: Jochim Selim , Enss Tilman 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUltrakalte Quantengase ermöglichen es, prototypische Eigenschaften komplexer Systeme zu simulieren. Physikern an der Universität Heidelberg ist es auf diese Weise gelungen, die Zustandsgleichung ultrakalter Atome in zwei Dimensionen zu bestimmen. Mit diesem System lassen sich kontrolliert besondere Phasenübergänge untersuchen, die beispielsweise in geschichteten Materialien auftreten.
Swingin' the Primes
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Riemannsche Vermutung ist eine der berühmtesten Vermutungen der Mathematik. Wüsste man, dass sie stimmt, dann wüsste man zum Beispiel zugleich mehr über die Verteilung der Primzahlen unter den natürlichen Zahlen. Doch seit mehr als 150 Jahren beißt sich eine Unzahl von Wissenschaftlern an ihr die Zähne aus.
Analysis of the Hall‐effect data on Mn‐doped GaAs with taking into account the Hall factor for nearest‐neighbor hopping conduction
Authors: Kajikawa Yasutomo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe experimental data of the temperature‐dependent Hall‐effect measurements on Mn‐doped p ‐GaAs reported by Wolos et al. [Phys. Status Solidi C 6, 2769 (2009)], which exhibit the characteristic of nearest‐neighbor hoping (NNH) conduction, have been analyzed. For NNH conduction, it is assumed that the conductivity is expressed as σib (T) ∝︁ T−3/2 exp(−T0/T) while the Hall factor is expressed as Aib (T) ∝︁ T exp(−T0H/T), where T0 and T0H are adjustable parameters. It is found that kBT0 increases from 9 to 21 meV in proportion to the cube root of the substitutional Mn acceptor concentration, being consistent with the theory for NNH conduction. It is also found that KNNH = T0H/T0 decreases from 1.45 to 1.15 with increasing the substitutional Mn acceptor concentration from 0.8×1017 to 4×1017 cm‐3, being different from the concentration‐independent value of KNNH = 2/3 or 1/6 predicted by the theories. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Die Tragwerksinnovationen Johann Wilhelm Schwedlers (1823–1894)
Authors: Kurrer Karl‐Eugen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn seiner Gedächtnisrede vom 19. November 1894 auf Johann Wilhelm Schwedler (Bild 1) verglich Otto Sarrazin (1842–1921) den am 9. Juni 1894 Verstorbenen mit Werner von Siemens (1816–1892) und Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894): Schwedler sei Siemens und Helmholtz geistesverwandt und ebenbürtig, stellten sie doch die Theorie in den Dienst der Praxis. “Schwedlers Schaffen hatte überall streng wissenschaftliche Anschauung zur Grundlage, und ihm in erster Linie ist es zu danken, wenn im Bau‐ und Ingenieurwesen, namentlich auf dem von ihm besonders gepflegten Gebiete des Eisenbaues, die mathematisch‐physicalische Richtung zur vollen Geltung gebracht ist” [2, Sp. 2]. Mit der Verwissenschaftlichung der Technik durch Mathematik und Physik hebt Sarrazin den Hauptnenner im Schaffen von Siemens, Helmholtz und Schwedler hervor. Die Unterschiede liegen in ihrer jeweiligen Handlungsperspektive.Dies kann durch das Modell der Dreiheit von Industrie, Verwaltung und Wissenschaft veranschaulicht werden (Bild 2): Setzte sich das professionelle Handeln von Siemens aus der Verwissenschaftlichung der elektroindustriellen Praxis und Konstituierung einer Verbandspolitik zusammen (s. Bild 2a), so wurde das Alterswerk von Helmholtz durch den Zug zur Industrialisierung der Wissenschaft und zur verwalteten Wissenschaft geprägt (s. Bild 2c). Hier sei nur auf die 1887 von Siemens, Helmholtz und Karl Heinz Schellbach (1805–1892) angestoßene Gründung der Physikalisch‐Technischen Reichsanstalt verwiesen. Dagegen richtete sich Schwedlers Handeln aus der Perspektive eines Spitzenbeamten der preußischen Bauverwaltung in erster Linie auf die Wissenschaft und Industrie (s. Bild 2b). Wie kein anderer Baubeamter deutscher Zunge vor ihm bestimmte bei Schwedler die Wissenschaft das Verwaltungshandeln.1851 eröffnete Schwedler durch seine – unabhängig von Karl Culmann (1821–1881) (s. [5] u. [6]), Squire Whipple (1804–1888) [4, S. 1051f.] und Dimitry Ivanovich Jouravski (1821–1891) [3, S. 1055] – entwickelte Fachwerktheorie mit einem Paukenschlag die Etablierungsphase der Baustatik (1850–1875) [7]. Kurz zuvor gewann Schwedler den Wettbewerb um den Bau der ersten Kölner Rheinbrücke [8]. In den 1860er Jahren sind es drei bahnbrechende Tragwerksinnovationen Schwedlers, die ihn mit seinen zahlreichen Eisenbauten zur höchsten Instanz des Eisenbaues in Preußen werden ließen und diesem internationales Renommee verschafften: die Schwedler‐Kuppel, das Dreigelenksystem und der Schwedler‐Träger. Wer war diese Ingenieurpersönlichkeit, welche mit Wissenschaft dem Eisenbau seines Landes den Weg zur Weltspitze ebnete?
Integrating Early Writing Into Science Instruction in Preschool
Authors: Wheatley Barbara C. , Gerde Hope K. , Cabell Sonia Q. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractProviding children with early writing opportunities in preschool is a meaningful way to facilitate their language and literacy learning. Young children have an innate curiosity of the natural world around them that motivates their learning; therefore science experiences are logical areas in which to incorporate early writing opportunities. Encouraging preschoolers to write as part of science lessons can enhance their language and literacy skills as well as content knowledge. This article describes the symbiotic relationship between science and writing and provides examples of preschool writing activities within specific science applications. Additionally, children's literature examples are provided to strengthen the science and writing connection.
Non‐trauma Emergency Pancreatoduodenectomies: A Single‐Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Nentwich Michael F. , Reeh M. , Uzunoglu F. G. , Bachmann K. , Bockhorn M. , Izbicki J. R. , Vashist Y. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo retrospectively assess the frequency and indications for emergency pancreatoduodenctomies in a tertiary referral center.MethodsPancreatoduodenectomies between January 2005 and January 2014 were retrospectively assessed for emergency indications defined as surgery following unplanned hospital admission in less than 24 h. Data on indications and on the intraoperative as well as the post‐operative course were collected.ResultsOut of 583 pancreatoduodenectomies during the interval, a total of 10 (1.7 %) were performed as an emergency surgery. Indications included uncontrollable bleeding, duodenal and proximal jejunal perforations, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography‐related complications. Three of the 10 (30.0 %) patients died during the hospital course. In one patient, an intraoperative mass transfusion was necessary. No intraoperative death occurred. All but one patient were American Society of Anesthesiologists class three or higher. In two cases, the pancreatic remnant was left without anastomosis for second‐stage pancreatojejunostomy. Median operation time was 326.5 min (SD 100.3 min). Hospital stay of the surviving patients was prolonged (median 43.0 days; SD 24.0 days).ConclusionEmergency pancreatoduodenectomies are non‐frequent, have a diverse range of indications and serve as an ultima ratio to cope with severe injuries and complications around the pancreatic head area.
Genetic cause and prevalence of hydroxyprolinemia
Authors: Staufner Christian , Haack Tobias B. , Feyh Patrik , Gramer Gwendolyn , Raga Deepthi Ediga , Terrile Caterina , Sauer Sven , Okun Jürgen G. , Fang‐Hoffmann Junmin , Mayatepek Ertan , Prokisch Holger , Hoffmann Georg F. , Kölker Stefan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundHydroxyprolinemia is an inborn error of amino acid degradation that is considered a non‐disease. Known for more than 50 years, its genetic cause and prevalence have remained unclear. In MS/MS newborn screening, the mass spectrum of hydroxyproline cannot be differentiated from isoleucine and leucine causing false positive newborn screening test results for maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).MethodsWe studied two siblings with hydroxyprolinemia via exome sequencing and confirmed the candidate gene in five further individuals with hydroxyprolinemia, who were all characterized biochemically and clinically. The prevalence was calculated based on the number of individuals with hydroxyprolinemia detected via MS/MS newborn screening at our centre from 2003 to 2014.ResultsIn six cases, we identified homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in PRODH2 as the underlying genetic cause of hydroxyprolinemia. One individual was heterozygous for a deletion in PRODH2 and had an intermittent biochemical phenotype with partial normalization of hydroxyproline concentrations. In one further individual with persistent hydroxyprolinemia no mutation in PRODH2 was found, raising the possibility of another defect of hydroxyproline degradation yet to be identified as the underlying cause of hydroxyprolinemia. Plasma hydroxyproline concentrations were clearly elevated in all individuals with biallelic mutations in PRODH2. All studied individuals remained asymptomatic, giving further evidence that hydroxyprolinemia is a benign condition. The estimated prevalence of hydroxyprolinemia in Germany is about one in 47,300 newborns.ConclusionOur results establish mutations in PRODH2 as a cause of human hydroxyprolinemia via impaired dehydrogenation of hydroxyproline to delta1‐pyroline‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐carboxylic acid, and we suggest PRODH2 be renamed HYPDH. Hydroxyprolinemia is an autosomal‐recessively inherited benign condition. It is a frequent cause of false positive screening results for MSUD, the prevalence being about 2.5 times higher than that of MSUD.
Two Clades of Type‐1 Brassica napus Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Exhibit Differences in Acyl‐CoA Preference
Authors: Greer Michael S. , Pan Xue , Weselake Randall J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDiacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the acyl‐CoA‐dependent acylation of sn‐1, 2‐diacylglycerol to produce triacylglycerol, which is the main component of the seed oil of Brassica oilseed species. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences encoded by four transcriptionally active DGAT1 genes from Brassica napus suggests that the gene forms diverged over time into two clades (I and II), with representative members in each genome (A and C). The majority of the amino acid sequence differences in these forms of DGAT1, however, reside outside of motifs suggested to be involved in catalysis. Despite this, the clade II enzymes displayed a significantly enhanced preference for linoleoyl‐CoA when assessed using in‐vitro enzyme assays with yeast microsomes containing recombinant enzyme forms. These findings contribute to our understanding of triacylglycerol biosynthesis in B. napus, and may advance our ability to engineer DGAT1s with desired substrate selectivity properties.
The validity of the Memory Alteration Test and the Test Your Memory test for community‐based identification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Ozer Seline , Noonan Krist , Burke Melanie , Young John , Barber Sally , Forster Anne , Jones Roy 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigated the validity of two brief cognitive tests (Memory Alteration Test [M@T] and Test Your Memory [TYM] test) for identifying people with aMCI in the community.MethodsOlder people were invited to participate by their general practitioner practice. Eligible participants were assessed for aMCI using an operationalized approach to the Petersen criteria and the M@T and TYM.ResultsBoth tests demonstrated significant ability in discriminating between people with aMCI and controls (AUC = 0.91 for M@T and 0.80 for TYM [P < .001 for both]). M@T performed with higher sensitivity than TYM (85% vs. 63%) and similar specificity (84% vs. 87%). Both tests demonstrated moderate test‐retest reliability (κ = ∼0.5) and took <10 minutes to administer.DiscussionM@T and TYM are quick to administer. M@T demonstrated higher diagnostic test accuracy than TYM and could provide an efficient method for identifying aMCI in clinical and research settings.
Biotic invasion, niche stability, and the assembly of regional biotas in deep time: comparison between faunal provinces
Authors: Patzkowsky Mark E. , Holland Steven M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBiotic invasions in the fossil record provide natural experiments for testing hypotheses of niche stability, speciation, and the assembly and diversity of regional biotas. We compare ecological parameters (preferred environment, occupancy, median abundance, rank abundance) of genera shared between faunal provinces during the Richmondian Invasion in the Late Ordovician on the Laurentian continent. Genera that spread from one faunal province to the other during the invasion (invading shared genera) have high Spearman rank correlations (>0.5) in three of four ecological parameters, suggesting a high level of niche stability among invaders. Genera that existed in both regions prior to and following the invasion (noninvading shared genera) have low correlations (<0.3) and suggest niche shift between lineages that diverged at least 8 Myr earlier. Niche shift did not accumulate gradually over this time interval but appears to have occurred in a pulse associated with the onset of the Taconic orogeny and the switch from warm-water to cool-water carbonates in southern Laurentia.
Combination of soya protein and polydextrose reduces energy intake and glycaemic response via modulation of gastric emptying rate, ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 in Chinese
Authors: Soong Yean Yean , Lim Wen Xin , Leow Melvin Khee Shing , Siow Phei Ching , Teh Ai Ling , Henry Christiani Jeyakumar 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe short-term effect of soya protein, polydextrose and their combination on energy intake (EI) was investigated in Chinese. In total, twenty-seven healthy, normotensive and lean Chinese men aged 21–40 years were given four different soyabean curd preloads with or without polydextrose. The study was a repeated-measure, randomised, cross-over design. The consumption of high-protein soyabean curd alone or in addition with polydextrose as a preload led to greater reduction in EI at a subsequent meal. A similar observation was also found after intake of low-protein soyabean curd with polydextrose. The gut hormone responses mirrored the reduction in food intake. It appears that incorporation of polydextrose either with low- or high-protein soyabean curd could be a potential strategy to reduce EI and assist with weight management. The popular consumption of soyabean curd in Chinese makes it an ideal vehicle for incorporation of polydextrose. This evidence-based dietary approach can serve as a guideline for developing functional foods for weight reduction and weight maintenance.
COMMON LAW RIGHTS: BALANCING DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL EXIGENCIES
Authors: Bjorge Eirik 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe protection of human rights through common law principles and values has a greater potential than has been recognised hitherto. First, the adoption at common law of the proportionality test of interferences with rights shows that, when human rights are at issue, the courts will apply an exigent test, allowing interferences only if, amongst other things, a less intrusive measure could not have been used. Secondly, the principle of legality, along with common law constitutionalism as developed recently by the Supreme Court, now means that there is a common law pendant to the rule in s. 3(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998. Thirdly, in cases where the protection offered by the Act is displaced by obligations under the Charter of the United Nations, there is no displacement of common law rights, which continue to operate. Fourthly, common law rights are more open to the influences of the customary international law of human rights than are Convention rights. These factors combine to mean that the future of common law rights is an auspicious one.
The Lullingstone Mosaic Inscription — A Parody of Martial?
Authors: Cosh S.R. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe original poem inscribed above an image of Europa and the bull on the Lullingstone villa mosaic has long been recognised as referring to an episode in Ovid's Metamorphoses and making an allusion to Virgil's Aeneid. Here it is proposed that it is also a parody of a poem by Martial on the same subject and adds to the growing quantity of classical literature with which the fourth-century Romano-British elite are known to have been familiar.
A New Phallic Carving from Roman Catterick
Authors: Parker Adam , Ross Cath 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA phallic carving excavated by Northern Archaeological Associates in 2014 during investigations at Catterick, North Yorkshire, contained unique artistic features for a carving of this type in Roman Britain. Excavations were carried out as part of the A1 Leeming to Barton road upgrade scheme. The two features — a projecting line of ejaculate and an incised, triangular object — are here considered within the wider evidence base for phallic imagery in Roman Britain.
Filial Daughters? Agency and Subjectivity of Rural Migrant Women in Shanghai
Authors: Shen Yang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn China, continuous rural–urban migration on a massive scale disrupts the traditional rural patriarchal society and makes the temporary non-patrilocal way of residence possible. This new residential pattern has brought profound changes to the lives of migrants. Based on participant observation and interviewing, this article intends to explore the exercise of agency and the representation of subjectivity of female migrant workers in intimate relations after migration. By emphasizing the intergenerational relationship and partner relationships of both unmarried and married women, I demonstrate a complicated picture regarding the changing status of rural migrant women and show how these women both conform and challenge the social norm of filial obligations, through which their agency is exerted and subjectivity is crafted.