bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swelling Properties and Environmental Responsiveness of a Superabsorbent Composite Microsphere Based on Starch-g-Poly(acrylic acid)/Organo-Mordenite
Authors: Gao P.-Q. , Zhang Y. , Zhao L. , Chen Y.-Z. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-mordenite superabsorbent composite microsphere, was prepared by grafting partially neutralized acrylic acid onto starch in the presence of organo-mordenite as an inorganic component. The morphology was characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The swelling properties of the superabsorbent composite microsphere were evaluated in distilled water, various NaCl solutions, solutions with different pH values, and urea solutions. Swelling kinetics of the superabsorbent composite microsphere in above environments were discussed by means of a Schott's second-order model. The results showed that the incorporation of 10 wt% organo-mordenite enhanced the water absorbency by 144% (from 268 to 655 g · g−1) and possessed the maximum swelling absorbency (75 g · g−1) in the 0.9% NaCl solution and (667 g · g−1) in 0.04 mol · l−1 urea solution. Moreover, swelling of starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-mordenite (with 10 wt% organo-mordenite) in distilled water and in all other environments followed Schott's second order kinetics. Swelling was extremely environmental-responsive to the concentration of the NaCl solution, the pH values, and urea solutions, respectively. The overall results inferred that the novel superabsorbent composite can be exploited for many potential applications.
Study on Permeability of Porous Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Authors: Jiang B.-Y. , Zhou M.-Y. , Weng C. , Li C.-F. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In recent years, porous materials are gaining in popularity for engineering applications, due to their special characteristics, such as low density, large specific surface area, and excellent permeability. In this study, powder processing technique was used to prepare ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene UHMWPE porous materials. Sintering temperature was obtained by combining differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and tensile tests. The surface morphology of sintering necks and tensile fracture were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, single factor tests and orthogonal experiments were conducted to optimize three main processing parameters for a better permeability. It is found that the proper sintering temperature range would be from 143 to 153.1°C. According to the significance of influence, processing factors come in the sequence of the particle size, the compaction strength and the sintering temperature. Porous materials were successfully prepared, under the optimized parameters as the particle size >250 μm, the compaction strength of 2.5 MPa and the sintering temperature of 152°C.
Devulcanization of Scrap Tire Rubber with Supercritical CO2: A Study of the Effects of Process Parameters on the Properties of Devulcanized Rubber
Authors: Meysami M. , Tzoganakis C. , Mutyala P. , Zhu S. H. , Bulsari M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A continuous extrusion devulcanization process has been developed by using supercritical CO2. Experiments have been carried out on an industrial scale twin screw extruder to study the effects of processing conditions on the properties of devulcanized rubber. Using a fractional factorial design in three levels, the effects of process temperature, screw speed, and feed rate on the sol fraction, degree of devulcanization, Mooney viscosity, and tensile properties of devulcanized rubber have been investigated. The significance of the effects of the processing conditions decreases in the following order: flow rate, screw speed, and process temperature. Similar trends are noted for different responses with the exception of tensile properties. The observed relationship between the sol fraction and the degree of crosslinking in the rubber samples before and after devulcanization points to a highly selective disruption of the sulfur crosslinks in the rubber network during devulcanization rather than a random network scission. Mooney viscosity has been found to be in excellent agreement with the network structure properties, sol fraction, and degree of devulcanization.
A Generalized 2D Output Model of Polymer Melt Flow in Single-Screw Extrusion
Authors: Pachner S. , Löw-Baselli B. , Affenzeller M. , Miethlinger J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The multidimensional output-pressure behavior of non-Newtonian fluids in single-screw extrusion can only be determined by using numerical methods. We present two methods which employ mathematical models building on analytic equations developed using an evolutionary heuristic optimization algorithm. Both allow fast and stable calculation of the 2-dimensional throughput–pressure gradient relationship of single-screw extruders, rendering cost-intensive CFD simulations of the output-pressure behavior redundant. A performed error analysis showed that our methods yield good approximations of the numerically determined data.
Modification Induced by Gamma Irradiation in Polystyrene/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends
Authors: Nouh S. A. , Benthami K. , Elfadl A. Abou , El-Nabarawy Huda A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The influence of gamma irradiation on the structural and optical properties of polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA = 50/50 w/w %) blend films have been investigated. A dose range of 20 kGy to 400 kGy is covered. Applying the viscometry technique, the dose dependence of the intrinsic viscosity was investigated. In addition, the variation of refractive index with gamma dose was studied. The observed increase in the intrinsic viscosity from 0.45 up to 0.69 and the refractive index in the high dose range indicates that the predominant induced process by gamma irradiation is crosslinking, which reduces the free volume and increases the average molecular weight leading to a more compact structure of PS/PMMA samples. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopies were applied to identify the chemical structure and to investigate the major process that is induced by irradiation. Moreover, using UV-vis spectroscopy, optical energy gap, Urbach energy and color changes were evaluated. The results reveal that the optical energy gap has arisen from direct transitions. The color intensity ΔE was significantly decreased with increasing the dose up to 400 kGy.
The Friends and Family Test in general practice in England: a qualitative study of the views of staff and patients
Authors: Manacorda Tommaso , Erens Bob , Black Nick , Mays Nicholas 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThe Friends and Family Test (FFT) was introduced into general practices in England in 2015 to provide staff with information on patients’ views of their experience of care.AimTo examine the views of practice staff and patients of the FFT, how the results are used, and to recommend improvements.Design and settingA qualitative study of a national representative sample of 42 general practices.MethodSemi-structured interviews with 43 clinicians, 48 practice managers, and 27 patient representatives. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analysed thematically.ResultsAlthough the FFT imposed little extra work on practices, it was judged to provide little additional insight over existing methods and to have had minimal impact on improving quality. Staff lacked confidence in the accuracy of the results given the lack of a representative sample and the risk of bias. The FFT question was judged to be inappropriate as in many areas there was no alternative practice for patients to choose, patients’ individual needs would not be the same as those of their friends and relatives, and an overall assessment failed to identify any specific aspects of good- or poor-quality care. Despite being intended to support local quality improvement, there was widespread unease about the FFT, with many responders perceiving it as a tool for national bodies to monitor general practices.ConclusionIf the use of a single-item questionnaire is to continue, changes should be made to the wording. It should be focused on stimulating local quality improvement, and practice staff should be supported to use the results effectively.
Discovery of Ram-pressure Stripped Gas around an Elliptical Galaxy in Abell 2670
Authors: Sheen Yun-Kyeong , Smith Rory , Jaffé Yara , Kim Minjin , Yi Sukyoung K. , Duc Pierre-Alain , Nantais Julie , Candlish Graeme , Demarco Ricardo , Treister Ezequiel 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Studies of cluster galaxies are increasingly finding galaxies with spectacular one-sided tails of gas and young stars, suggestive of intense ram-pressure stripping. These so-called “jellyfish” galaxies typically have late-type morphology. In this paper, we present Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) observations of an elliptical galaxy in Abell 2670 with long tails of material visible in the optical spectra, as well as blobs with tadpole-like morphology. The spectra in the central part of the galaxy reveal a stellar component as well as ionized gas. The stellar component does not have significant rotation, while the ionized gas defines a clear star-forming gas disk. We argue, based on deep optical images of the galaxy, that the gas was most likely acquired during a past wet merger. It is possible that the star-forming blobs are also remnants of the merger. In addition, the direction and kinematics of the one-sided ionized tails, combined with the tadpole morphology of the star-forming blobs, strongly suggests that the system is undergoing ram pressure from the intracluster medium. In summary, this paper presents the discovery of a post-merger elliptical galaxy undergoing ram-pressure stripping.
L’ethnographie de la période communiste et l’étude de la ville
Authors: Hysa Armanda , de Rapper Gilles 
Published: April 2017

Cet article rappelle comment les études urbaines furent marginalisées lors de l’émergence de l’ethnologie institutionnelle en Albanie au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, au profit des études rurales qui correspondaient mieux à la valorisation idéologique du « populaire » et de l’« authentique ». Certaines enquêtes furent cependant menées en milieu urbain et trois textes importants concernant les villes de Tirana, Elbasan et Korçë sont analysés ici. Malgré leurs limitations, dues en grande partie à l’orientation donnée à l’ethnologie par les institutions, ces travaux possèdent aujourd’hui une valeur historique et offrent des perspectives stimulantes pour le développement actuel des études urbaines.
La chanson de Korçë
Authors: Minga Mikaela , Muller Sylvie 
Published: April 2017

Kënga Korçare , la chanson de Korçë est un style musical qui porte le nom de la ville où il se pratique. Le lien étroit que cette ville a tissé avec « sa chanson » est riche d’enseignements pour qui veut enquêter sur les interactions entre la création musicale et la condition urbaine. Cet article s’intéresse principalement au passé musical de la ville, en recourant aux archives, mais aussi à l’enquête de terrain.
Pyramid Firms and Value Transformation in Postsocialist Albania
Authors: Musaraj Smoki 
Published: April 2017

Avec leur effondrement, les entreprises nommées « firmes pyramidales » ( firma piramidale ) en Albanie ont englouti les économies de centaines de milliers d’investisseurs et ont mené le pays au bord de la guerre civile. Cet article étudie comment et pourquoi les investisseurs se sont engagés dans ces plans financiers frauduleux. Plus précisément, il analyse la façon dont ces entreprises ont mobilisé les réseaux de parenté, ainsi que les versements opérés par les migrants, quand du fait des transformations consécutives à la chute du socialisme au début des années 1990, l’émigration est devenue massive. Alors que la situation économique était instable et l’accès au financement très limité, ces firmes offraient un « seuil de conversion de la valeur » : elles mobilisaient différentes formes de richesse (relations familiales, versements, travail) et permettaient, ou plutôt promettaient la création de nouvelles formes de valeur financière, sociale et culturelle.
Les Jeux nautiques atlantiques.
Authors: Fuchs Julien 
Published: April 2017

Les Jeux nautiques atlantiques, qui rassemblent annuellement des centaines de jeunes sportifs issus des régions et pays celtiques de la zone Atlantique, paraissent originaux parmi les « Jeux sportifs régionaux ». Faisant initialement de l’imbrication sport/culture un point central, ces Jeux ont connu un processus de sportivisation singulier. Construits sur l’idéal d’une maritimité partagée et promouvant des formes de compétition sportive qui n’oublient pas la logique de l’échange interculturel, ils se veulent lieux d’expérimentation et d’innovation pour le modèle sportif contemporain.
Valuing Non-Fatal Health Risks: Monetary and Health-Utility Measures
Authors: K. Hammitt James 
Published: April 2017

Les indicateurs évaluant les politiques environnementales, sanitaires et de prévention doivent être cohérents avec les préférences des individus affectés, mais également avec les préférences sociales quant à la distribution des risques sanitaires dans la population. Deux types de mesures sont largement employées : monétaires (comme le consentement à payer) ou fondées sur des états de santé pondérés par l’utilité (comme les années de vie ajustées de la qualité ou de l’incapacité), les deux étant sommées pour toute la population. Les secondes, en imposant plus de structure que les premières, font souvent apparaître les préférences individuelles comme incohérentes. Pour la même raison, elles permettent toutefois de limiter les erreurs cognitives et les autres sources d’incohérence propres à l’évaluation monétaire. Cet article présente des preuves empiriques et théoriques permettant de comparer ces deux types d’indicateurs et d’étudier leurs covariations.
Prédiction de l’usage des sols sur un zonage régulier à différentes résolutions et à partir de covariables facilement accessibles
Authors: Chakir Raja , Laurent Thibault , Ruiz-Gazen Anne , Thomas-Agnan Christine , Vignes Céline 
Published: April 2017

Nous évaluons dans quelle mesure nous pouvons prédire l’usage des sols (usage urbain, usage agricole, forêts, prairies et sols naturels) au niveau des points de l’enquête Teruti-Lucas à partir de covariables facilement accessibles. Notre approche comporte deux étapes : la première permet de modéliser l’usage du sol au niveau des points Teruti-Lucas et la deuxième propose une méthode pour en déduire l’utilisation des sols sur un maillage défini par des carreaux. Le modèle de la première étape fournit des prédictions à un niveau fin. La deuxième étape agrège ces prédictions sur les carreaux du maillage en comparant plusieurs méthodes. Nous envisageons différents maillages réguliers du territoire en carreaux pour étudier la qualité de restitution en fonction de la résolution. Nous montrons qu’avec des variables facilement accessibles on obtient une qualité de prédiction acceptable au niveau point et que l’amélioration de la qualité est importante dès la première étape d’agrégation. Classification JEL : C21, C25, C38, Q15, R14.
Le bachelor en soins infirmiers : entre professionnalisation et professionnalité en Suisse et en Belgique
Authors: Graber Myriam , Haberey-Knuessi Véronique 
Published: April 2017

La pénurie de soignants prévisible, en Suisse comme en Europe, accentue une problématique pour les politiques sanitaires. Elle pose les questions de prise en charge des patients, de la qualité des soins, des conditions permettant de favoriser l’engagement des professionnels, la pérennité de cet engagement. La formation des infirmières, en Hautes Écoles Spécialisées de Suisse Occidentale et en Belgique, est indirectement concernée par les mesures de rationalisation à l’œuvre dans les systèmes de santé. Dans ce contexte, des tensions apparaissent entre deux logiques : celle de la professionnalisation relevant de logiques économiques, et celle de la professionnalité entendue comme construction du sujet dans sa profession. La formation est un endroit privilégié pour examiner ces tensions et leurs enjeux. Les résultats de la recherche démontrent l’existence de lieux de tension que les étudiants rencontrent entre leur processus de professionnalisation et leur professionnalité émergente, tensions qui se répercutent également sur les autres piliers de la professionnalisation que sont : engagement, motivation reconnaissance. Cette étude qualitative se base sur des entretiens biographiques, des analyses de portfolio, de projets professionnels, de rapports de stage (évaluation des compétences par les professionnels), auprès de 43 étudiants bachelor, troisième année de formation en Suisse et en Belgique.
A New Mobile Learning Model in the Context of the Smart Classrooms Environment: A Holistic Approach
Authors: Al-Hunaiyyan Ahmed , Al-Sharhan Salah , Alhajri Rana 
Published: April 2017

This paper introduces a comprehensive mobile learning (m-learning) model in the context of smart classrooms environment as a part of a holistic approach to implement an efficient Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) Environment. In this new model, the mobile learning components, as a crucial part of the smart classroom, systematically integrate the “mobile tools” with the teaching-learning practices. However, there are many challenges to generalize such kind of learning to any educational system. A major reason for these challenges is the lack of an integrated model in a holistic approach of the smart classroom and TEL environment. Another critical challenge is designing and developing an efficient m-learning in a smart classroom and inside smart school environment which is due to the complex environment that incorporates many pedagogical and technological elements. The proposed model in this paper is based on an integrated m-learning framework to implement a holistic e-learning approach capable of overcoming these challenges.
Lis1 Regulates Germinal Center B Cell Antigen Acquisition and Affinity Maturation
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Cai Zhenming , Zhang Le , Yin Yuye , Chen Xufeng , Chen Chao , Zhang Yang , Zhai Sulan , Long Xuehui , Liu Xiaolong , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The germinal center (GC) is the site where activated B cells undergo rapid expansions, somatic hypermutation, and affinity maturation. Affinity maturation is a process of Ag-driven selection. The amount of Ag acquired and displayed by GC B cells determines whether it can be positively selected, and therefore Ag acquisition has to be tightly regulated to ensure the efficient affinity maturation. Cell expansion provides sufficient quantity of GC B cells and Abs, whereas affinity maturation improves the quality of Abs. In this study, we found that Lis1 is a cell-intrinsic regulator of Ag acquisition capability of GC B cells. Lack of Lis1 resulted in redistribution of polymerized actin and accumulation of F-actin at uropod; larger amounts of Ags were acquired and displayed by GC B cells, which presumably reduced the selection stringency. Affinity maturation was thus compromised in Lis1-deficient mice. Consistently, overexpression of Lis1 in GC B cells led to less Ag acquisition and display. Additionally, Lis1 is required for GC B cell expansion, and Lis1 deficiency blocked the cell cycle at the mitotic phase and GC B cells were prone to apoptosis. Overall, we suggest that Lis1 is required for GC B cell expansion, affinity maturation, and maintaining functional intact GC response, thus ensuring both the quantity and quality of Ab response.
Cytomorphologic features distinguishing Bethesda category IV thyroid lesions from parathyroid
Authors: Sung Simon , Saqi Anjali , Margolskee Elizabeth M. , Crapanzano John P. 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Thyroid follicular cells share similar cytomorphological features with parathyroid. Without a clinical suspicion, the distinction between a thyroid neoplasm and an intrathyroidal parathyroid can be challenging. The aim of this study was to assess the distinguishing cytomorphological features of parathyroid (including intrathyroidal) and Bethesda category IV (Beth-IV) thyroid follicular lesions, which carry a 15%–30% risk of malignancy and are often followed up with surgical resection.

Methods:
A search was performed to identify “parathyroid” diagnoses in parathyroid/thyroid-designated fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) and Beth-IV thyroid FNAs (follicular and Hurthle cell), all with diagnostic confirmation through surgical pathology, immunocytochemical stains, Afirma® analysis, and/or clinical correlation. Unique cytomorphologic features were scored (0-3) or noted as present versus absent. Statistical analysis was performed using R 3.3.1 software.

Results:
We identified five FNA cases with clinical suspicion of parathyroid neoplasm, hyperthyroidism, or thyroid lesion that had an eventual final diagnosis of the parathyroid lesion (all female; age 20–69 years) and 12 Beth-IV diagnoses (11 female, 1 male; age 13–64 years). The following cytomorphologic features are useful distinguishing features (P value): overall pattern (0.001), single cells (0.001), cell size compared to red blood cell (0.01), nuclear irregularity (0.001), presence of nucleoli (0.001), nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio (0.007), and nuclear chromatin quality (0.028).

Conclusions:
There are cytomorphologic features that distinguish Beth-IV thyroid lesions and (intrathyroidal) parathyroid. These features can aid in rendering correct diagnoses and appropriate management.
The Roles of Ti Particles in Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Electrochemically Assembled Ni-Ti Composite Coatings
Authors: Zhao Yuantao , Wang Lianbo , Qin Zhenbo , Wang Chengxi , Xu Zhou , Jiang Chuanhai , Ji Vincent 
Published: April 2017

The influences of co-deposited Ti particles on corrosion behavior of electrodeposited Ni-Ti coatings were investigated. The co-deposited Ti particles caused the refined crystallite size and random-oriented texture of Ni-Ti coating. In 3.5 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, the buried Ti particles in Ni matrix blocked the corrosion path and rapid intercrystalline corrosion. The inert TiO2 could form on the exposed Ti particles and hinder localized corrosion. In 10 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, Ni matrix crystallites, refined by co-deposited Ti particles, contributed to formation of the passive Ni(OH)2 film. The corrosion current of Ni-Ti coating decreased by about one order of magnitude in both solutions with respect to pure Ni coating, demonstrating the co-deposited Ti particles greatly improved the corrosion resistance of Ni-Ti composite coatings. Finally, a corrosion mechanism was built to explain the co-deposited Ti particles improved corrosion resistance of the Ni-Ti composite coatings.
The Environmental Documentary
Authors: Duvall John A. 
Published: April 2017

The Environmental Documentary provides the first extensive coverage of the most important environmental films of the decade, including their approach to their topics and their impacts on public opinion and political debate. While documentaries with themes of environmental activism date back at least to Pare Lorenz's films of the 1930s, no previous decade has produced the number and quality of films that engage environmental issues from an activist viewpoint. The convergence of high profile issues like climate change, fossil fuel depletion, animal abuse, and corporate malfeasance has combined with the miniaturization of high quality recording equipment and the expansion of documentary programming to produce an unprecedented number of important and influential documentary productions.
The text examines the processes of production and distribution that have produced this explosion in documentaries. The films range from a high-profile Hollywood production with theatrical distribution like An Inconvenient Truth, to shorter independently produced films like The End of Suburbia that have reached a small audience of activists through video distribution, interviews with many of the filmmakers, and word of mouth.