bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microarthropod responses to fire: vegetation cover modulates impacts on Collembola and Acari assemblages in Mediterranean area
Authors: Santorufo Lucia , Memoli Valeria , Zizolfi Monica , Santini Giorgia , Di Natale Gabriella , Trifuoggi Marco , Barile Rossella , De Marco Anna , Maisto Giulia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
In the Mediterranean region, fire is a recurring disturbance that impacts both surface and underground organisms. While the effects on plants and surface animals are well-studied, the consequences for soil microarthropods are often overlooked. This research addresses the microarthropod responses to fire by comparing post-fire Collembola and Acari assemblages in soils with different vegetation covers. Three years post-fire, surface soils were sampled within the Vesuvius National Park (Southern Italy) from a total of 24 sites, comprising 6 sites each under holm oak (HO), pine (P), black locust (BL), and herbaceous (H) vegetation. Within each vegetation cover, sites were further categorized into three unburnt (NB) and three burnt (B) sites for comprehensive analysis. Collembola and Acari were extracted, identified at the family and suborder level, respectively and analyzed for density and taxa richness.

Results
The results highlighted that fire alone did not impact microarthropod communities, but its effects varied according to the vegetation covers. Microarthropod abundance declined in burnt soils under P, and increased in burnt soils under BL. Furthermore, eu-edaphic organisms (Onychiuridae, Oribatida), typical of stable environments, decreased in soils under P, and increased in soils under black locust.

Conclusions
Fire impact on microarthropod communities changed according to the vegetation covers, highlighting the importance of considering vegetation type when managing post-fire landscapes. The rapid recovery of microarthropod communities under some vegetation covers suggests that fire may not universally impair soil biodiversity in Mediterranean environments.
Black Internationalism, Print Culture, and Political Education in Claude McKay’s Banjo
Authors: Miller-Likhethe Mae 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Over three decades ago, Robert Hill, the celebrated archivist and historian of the Universal Negro Improvement Association movement, argued that “the history of the audience is what’s missing in the history of black radicalism.” Building on Hill’s provocation, this article theorizes modes of diasporic readership through the literature of the Jamaican communist and literary giant Claude McKay’s novel Banjo. Through a close reading of two scenes in which the novel’s characters engage in conversations about Black periodicals and embrace the contradictions within them, the article offers a provisional framework for exploring modes of readership and political education through print culture. Banjo must be read in part as an extension of McKay’s political journalism and within his broader efforts to bridge Black nationalist and communist movements throughout the interwar period. Drawing on speculative and literary approaches to archival research, the article argues that the renewed emphasis on heterogeneity, ephemeral encounters, and place making depicted within Banjo can open up new lines of inquiry toward redressing the methodological challenges and textual silences surrounding the question of the audience and the study of radical print cultures within traditional archives.
Fighting Fascism on Empire’s Doorstep
Authors: Wood Tony 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
From 1936 to 1939, the Cuban magazine Mediodía brought together Communists, socialists, and other progressives in a common battle against fascism, imperialism, and racism. Published in Havana, Mediodía was centrally concerned with Cuban domestic politics, in particular with struggles for democratic representation and for racial and gender equality. But for the magazine’s editors, these battles could not be disconnected from the broader turbulence afflicting the world in the 1930s, from the Spanish Civil War to the Japanese occupation of China and the Nazi threat in Europe. As a case study in imaginative radical publishing, Mediodía would be worthy enough of scholarly attention. But it also provides a compelling window onto Cuba’s Popular Front politics of the 1930s. Not only were the antifascist, antiracist convergences reflected in Mediodía’s pages formative for a generation of Cubans; they also anticipated the ideological alliances that shaped the island’s trajectory after the 1959 revolution.
Congress Militant
Authors: Nieftagodien Noor 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The article considers the pivotal organizing role of the revolutionary paper Congress Militant for the Marxist Workers’ Tendency of the African National Congress from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s, a period characterized by mass popular struggles against apartheid, violence, and political negotiations. Congress Militant was instrumental in shaping the internal life of the Tendency, from being a space of reportage of local struggles and political analyses to contributing to the development of a community of revolutionary cadres who belonged to national and international organizations. It was also the principal public vehicle for the propagation of the Tendency’s politics, serving as a tool of intervention in numerous campaigns and in recruitment. As such, the paper offers a window into the history of the changing politics of one socialist organization during the tumultuous years of the early 1990s in South Africa, including its criticisms of the compromises made by the ANC leadership during the negotiations.
Manasheer al-Intifada
Authors: Hastings Thayer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Communiqués were central to the coordination of the mass popular uprising that challenged Israeli rule over Palestinians from 1987 until the early 1990s. These short political texts were called manasheer or bayanat al-Intifada, in Arabic. This essay demonstrates a methodology for engaging with the body of intifada bayanat as a source by focusing on the first of these serialized communiqués, which was distributed early in the first Intifada on January 8, 1988.
Evolutionary shifts in the thermal biology of a subterranean mammal: the effect of habitat aridity
Authors: Merchant Hana N. , Hart Daniel W. , Bennett Nigel C. , Janse van Vuuren Andries K. , Freeman Marc T. , McKechnie Andrew E. , Faulkes Chris G. , Mordaunt Nathan D. , Portugal Steven J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Subterranean mammals representing a single subspecies occurring along an aridity gradient provide an appropriate model for investigating adaptive variation in thermal physiology with varying levels of precipitation and air temperature. This study examined the thermal physiological adaptations of common mole-rats (Cryptomys hottentotus hottentotus) across five populations along an aridity gradient, challenging the expectation that increased aridity would lead to reduced metabolic rate, lower body temperatures and broader thermoneutral zones. No significant, consistent differences in metabolic rate, body temperature or thermal conductance were observed between populations, suggesting uniform thermoregulatory mechanisms across habitats. Instead, behavioural strategies such as huddling and torpor may play a more prominent role than physiological adaptations in managing temperature regulation and water balance. The study also observed osmoregulatory differences, with populations employing distinct behavioural cooling strategies in response to water availability. These results underscore the need for further research into the responses of subterranean species to climate change, particularly in understanding how increasing global temperatures and aridification might influence species distribution if they lack the physiological capacity to adapt to future climatic conditions.
Natural variability and individuality of walking behavior in Drosophila
Authors: Godesberg Vincent , Bockemühl Till , Büschges Ansgar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Insects use walking behavior in a large number of contexts, such as exploration, foraging, escape and pursuit, or migration. A lot is known about how nervous systems produce this behavior in general and also how certain parameters vary with regard to walking direction or speed, for instance. An aspect that has not received much attention is whether and how walking behavior varies across individuals of a particular species. To address this, we created a large corpus of kinematic walking data of many individuals of the fruit fly Drosophila. We only selected instances of straight walking in a narrow range of walking speeds to minimize the influence of high-level parameters, such as turning and walking speed, aiming to uncover more subtle aspects of variability. Using high-speed videography and automated annotation, we captured the positions of the six leg tips for thousands of steps and used principal components analysis to characterize the postural space individuals used during walking. Our analysis shows that the largest part of walking kinematics can be described by five principal components (PCs). Separation of these five PCs into a 2D and a 3D subspace divided the description of walking behavior into invariant features shared across individuals and features that relate to the specifics of individuals; the latter features can be regarded as idiosyncrasies. We also demonstrate that this approach can detect the effects of experimental interventions in an unbiased manner and that general aspects of individuality, such as the individual walking posture, can be described.
The dual timescales of gait adaptation: initial stability adjustments followed by subsequent energetic cost adjustments
Authors: Brinkerhoff Sarah A. , Sánchez Natalia , Culver Meral N. , Murrah William M. , Robinson Austin T. , McCullough J. Danielle , Miller Matthew W. , Roper Jaimie A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Gait adaptation during bipedal walking allows people to adjust their walking patterns to maintain balance, avoid obstacles and avoid injury. Adaptation involves complex processes that function to maintain stability and reduce energy expenditure. However, the processes that influence walking patterns during different points in the adaptation period remain to be investigated. We assessed split-belt adaptation in 17 young adults aged 19–35. We also assessed individual aerobic capacity to understand how aerobic capacity influences adaptation. We analyzed step lengths, step length asymmetry (SLA), mediolateral margins of stability, positive, negative and net mechanical work rates, as well as metabolic rate during adaptation. Dual-rate exponential mixed-effects regressions estimated the adaptation of each measure over two timescales; results indicate that mediolateral stability adapts over a single timescale in under 1 min, whereas mechanical work rates, metabolic rate, step lengths and SLA adapt over two distinct timescales (3.5–11.2 min). We then regressed mediolateral margins of stability, net mechanical work rate and metabolic rate on SLA during early and late adaptation phases to determine whether stability drives early adaptation and energetic cost drives late adaptation. Stability predicted SLA during the initial rapid onset of adaptation, and mechanical work rate predicted SLA during the latter part of adaptation. Findings suggest that stability optimization may contribute to early gait changes and that mechanical work contributes to later changes during adaptation. A final sub-analysis showed that aerobic capacity levels &lt;36 and &gt;43 ml kg−1 min−1 resulted in greater SLA adaptation, underscoring the metabolic influences on gait adaptation. This study illuminates the complex interplay between biomechanical and metabolic factors in gait adaptation, shedding light on fundamental mechanisms underlying human locomotion.
Sensitivity and specificity of electrodiagnostic parameters in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Mazaheri Shahir , Poorolajal Jalal , Mazaheri Alireza 
Published: October 2024

AimsThe sensitivity and specificity of electrodiagnostic parameters in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) have been reported differently, and this study aims to address this gap.MethodsThis case-control study was conducted on 57 cases with CTS and 58 controls without complaints, such as pain or paresthesia on the median nerve. The main assessed electrodiagnostic parameters were terminal latency index (TLI), residual latency (RL), median ulnar F-wave latency difference (FdifMU), and median sensory latency-ulnar motor latency difference (MSUMLD).ResultsThe mean age in cases and controls were 50.7 years (SD 9.9) and 47.9 years (SD 12.1), respectively. The CTS severity was mild in 20 patients (34.4%), moderate in 19 patients (32.8%), and severe in 19 patients (32.8%). The sensitivity and specificity of the electrodiagnostic parameters in diagnosing CTS were as follows: TLI 75.4% and 87.8%; RL 85.9% and 82.5%; FdifMU 87.9% and 82.9%; and MSUMLD 94.8% and 60.0%, respectively.ConclusionOur findings indicated that electrodiagnostic parameters are significantly associated with the clinical manifestation of CTS, and are associated with high diagnostic accuracy in CTS diagnosis. However, further studies are required to highlight the role of electrodiagnostic parameters and their combination in CTS detection.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(10):898–903.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of Talaromycosis marneffei associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in AIDS patients
Authors: Zhang Qinzhi , Zhang Huihua , Guo Pengle , Lin Weiyin , Xu Feilong , Tang Xiaoping , Li Linghua 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an inflammatory reaction that occurs in HIV/AIDS patients after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Along with immune system recovery, IRIS can overreact to existing infections or latent pathogens, causing symptoms that mimic those infections. Few studies elucidated the clinical features and prognosis of Talaromycosis marneffei (TSM)-associated IRIS in HIV/AIDS patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of TSM-associated IRIS by retrospectively analyzing the clinical data of HIV/AIDS patients with TSM.Methodology/Principal findingsA total of 224 HIV/AIDS inpatients with TSM were enrolled, aged between 19 and 81 years. Among them, 86.6% were male and 13.4% were female, of which 24 (10.7%) patients developed IRIS. In IRIS group, the median time from ART initiation to IRIS occurrence was 9.0 days (IQR, 5.0–16.8 days), with 87.5% (21/24) occurring within 2 weeks. Primary clinical manifestations included recurrent fever and exacerbation of pulmonary infection. At the onset of IRIS, 54.2% (13/24) patients were treated with intravenous dexamethasone, and 12.5% (5/24) patients were treated with oral prednisone for 1–3 weeks. No significant differences in baseline characteristics or ART regimens were observed between IRIS and non-IRIS groups; however, patients in IRIS group had higher levels of CRP, CD4+count, and CD4+/CD8+ratio than non-IRIS group (equivalent time point: 1–2 weeks after ART initiation) at IRIS onset. The IRIS group exhibited longer hospital stays and higher readmission rates, but equivalent mortality rates compared with non-IRIS group.Conclusions/SignificanceIRIS is a common complication in HIV/AIDS patients with TSM, often occurring within 2 weeks after ART initiation and exhibiting more pronounced immune reconstitution. The occurrence of IRIS significantly extended the hospitalization duration and increased the rate of readmission but had no influence on the mortality rate.
Latent factors affecting safer injection practices that can reduce infections and how education can improve them
Authors: Park Jung Wan , Park Samel , Lee Eunjung , Kim Tark , Kim Eu Suk , Kim Bongyoung , Yoo So Yeon , Han Su Ha , Kim Tae Hyong 
Published: October 2024

Background
The incidence of healthcare-associated infections, particularly injection-related infections, can increase patient comorbidities even in countries with adequate medical resources. Although there are clear guidelines for injection practices to prevent infections, their application in clinical settings is insufficient. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify factors affecting injection practices associated with reduced infections by conducting surveys targeting practicing healthcare providers involved in administering injections at each healthcare organization and performing data analysis.

Methods
We administered a survey to healthcare providers responsible for injection practices at each healthcare organization that included items related to infection-safe injection practice guidelines. All survey questions were reviewed by an expert panel of infectious disease and infection control nurses. Survey contents were subjected to exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis, and multivariable robust regression tests to determine the impact of each factor and their correlations.

Results
A total of 842 questionnaires were analyzed. Each questionnaire was classified into four factors: reuse and contamination, compliance with aseptic technique, exchange of infusion set, and use of multidose vials. Nurses with higher careers showed more compliance. Education within one year and awareness of each item of the questionnaire had positive associations with proper injection practice.

Conclusions
Education is thought to be the most important factor in good injection practices that could reduce infections. Relevant knowledge through timely training is expected to have a positive impact on performance and compliance related to safe injections.
Primary care physicians’ perspectives on adults with diabetes and the recommended hepatitis B vaccine: A qualitative study
Authors: Müller Douwné L. , Stuckey Heather , Flores Eileen S. , Wang Li , Godfrey Thomas , Calo William A. , Yingst Jessica 
Published: October 2024

Background
People with diabetes are at an increased risk of contracting the hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination rates among adults with diabetes are low. Factors influencing HepB vaccination have not been adequately explored.

Aims
The study aims to identify and understand the barriers adults with diabetes have in receiving the recommended HepB vaccine from the physicians’ perspective.

Methods
This study used semi-structured interviews to ascertain the perspective of 11 primary care physicians (PCPs) in a large academic medical group about HepB vaccination among their patients with Type 1 and 2 diabetes. Thematic analysis yielded descriptions of barriers and strategies that could potentially impact HepB vaccination among adults with diabetes.

Results
Physician responses related to four themes: (1) Conflicting perceptions about HBV risk and the CDC recommendation for adults with diabetes; (2) PCPs don’t perceive HepB vaccination as important as other adult vaccines and prioritize vaccination based on risk exposure; (3) PCPs’ perceived barriers to HepB vaccination among adults with diabetes; and (4) Physician recommended strategies to increase HepB vaccination among adults with diabetes.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that physicians are generally aware of the existence of the CDC guidelines, but not all physicians recommend the HepB vaccine to adults with diabetes. This is because of a wide variation in treatment concerning glucose monitoring or insulin injection due to varying opinions about actual risk. We also identified barriers adults with diabetes have in receiving the HepB vaccine and strategies to increase HepB vaccination.
HLA DQA1*05 and Risk of Antitumor Necrosis Factor Treatment Failure and Anti-Drug Antibody Development in Children With Crohn's Disease
Authors: Adler Jeremy , Galanko Joseph A. , Ammoury Rana , Benkov Keith J. , Bousvaros Athos , Boyle Brendan , Cabrera José M. , Chun Kelly Y. , Dorsey Jill , Ebach Dawn R. , Firestine Ann M. , Gulati Ajay S. , Herfarth Hans H. , Jester Traci W. , Kaplan Jess L. , Leibowitz Ian , Linville Tiffany M. , Margolis Peter A. , Minar Phillip , Molle-Rios Zarela , Moses Jonathan , Olano Kelly , Pashankar Dinesh S. , Pitch Lisa , Saeed Shehzad A. , Samson Charles M. , Sandberg Kelly , Steiner Steven J. , Strople Jennifer A. , Sullivan Jillian S. , Wali Prateek D. , Kappelman Michael D. 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQA1*05 has been associated with the development of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) to tumor necrosis factor antagonists (anti-TNFα) and treatment failure among adults with Crohn's disease (CD). However, findings from other studies have been inconsistent with limited pediatric data.

METHODS:
We analyzed banked serum from patients with CD aged <21 years enrolled in clinical outcomes of Methotrexate Binary Therapy in practice, a multicenter, prospective randomized trial of anti-TNFα monotherapy vs combination with methotrexate. The primary outcome was a composite of factors indicative of treatment failure. The secondary outcome was ADA development.

RESULTS:
A trend toward increased treatment failure among HLA DQA1*05-positive participants was not significant (hazard ratio 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–2.62; P = 0.08). After stratification by HLA DQA1*05 and by methotrexate vs placebo, patients who were HLA DQA1*05 negative and assigned to methotrexate experienced less treatment failures than HLA DQA1*05-positive patients on placebo (hazard ratio 0.31, 95% CI 0.13–0.70; P = 0.005). A trend toward increased ADA development among HLA DQA1*05-positive participants was not significant (odds ratio 1.96, 95% CI 0.90–4.31, P = 0.09). After further stratification, HLA DQA1*05-negative participants assigned to methotrexate were less likely to develop ADA relative to HLA DQA1*05-positive patients on placebo (odds ratio 0.12, 95% CI 0.03–0.55; P = 0.008).

DISCUSSION:
In a randomized trial of children with CD initiating anti-TNFα, 40% were HLA DQ-A1*05 positive, which was associated with a trend toward increased risk of both treatment failure and ADA. These risks were mitigated, but not eliminated, by adding oral methotrexate. HLA DQ-A1*05 is an important biomarker for prognosis and risk stratification.