bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“When That Wounds Are Evil Healed”: Revisiting Pleonastic That in Early English Medical Writing
Authors: Martín Javier Calle 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe origin of pleonastic that can be traced back to Old English, where it could appear in syntactic constructions consisting of a preposition + a demonstrative pronoun (i.e., for py pat, for pæm pe) or a subordinator (i.e., op pat). The diffusion of this pleonastic form is an Early Middle English development as a result of the standardization of that as the general subordinator in the period, which motivated its use as a pleonastic word in combination with many kinds of conjunctions (i.e., now that, if that, when that, etc.) and prepositions (i.e., before that, save that, in that) (Fischer 1992: 295). The phenomenon increased considerably in Late Middle English, declining rapidly in the 17th century to such an extent that it became virtually obliterated towards the end of that same century (Rissanen 1999: 303-304). The list of subordinating elements includes relativizers (i.e., this that), adverbial relatives (i.e., there that), and a number of subordinators (i.e., after, as, because, before, beside, for, if, since, sith, though, until, when, while, etc.). The present paper examines the status of pleonastic that in the history of English pursuing the following objectives: (a) to analyse its use and distribution in a corpus of early English medical writing (in the period 1375-1700); (b) to classify the construction in terms of genre, i.e., treatises and recipes; and (c) to assess its decline with the different conjunctive words. The data used as source of evidence come from The Corpus of Early English Medical Writing, i.e., Middle English Medical Texts (MEMT for the period 1375-1500) and Early Modern English Medical Texts (EMEMT for the period 1500-1700). The use of pleonastic that in medical writing allows us to reconsider the history of the construction in English, becoming in itself a Late Middle English phenomenon with its progressive decline throughout the 16th and 17th centuries.
Measures in Medieval English Recipes – Culinary Vs. Medical
Authors: Bator Magdalena , Sylwanowicz Marta 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe present paper deals with an analysis of medieval culinary and medical recipes. A major feature which will be of interest is the use of measure terms. The research has been based on material from 14thand 15thcentury recipe collections. First, the major weight and measure systems which were used in the Middle English period will be presented. Then, the measure terms used in the analysed texts are collected and categorised into three groups: specific, non-specific, and container-related terms. The study, apart from showing the variety of measure terms used at the time, also compares two types of recipes, i.e., medical and culinary.
Adverbial Markers of Epistemic Modality Across Disciplinary Discourses: A Contrastive Study of Research Articles in Six Academic Disciplines
Authors: Rozumko Agata 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEpistemic adverbs, like other markers of epistemic modality, are concerned with the speaker’s assessment of the truth value of the proposition. In other words, they indicate that the speaker considers certain situations as possible, impossible, probable, certain, or uncertain. At the same time, they signal the author’s presence in the text, and invite the reader to make his/her own conclusions and interpretations. The use of modal markers has been demonstrated to differ across academic disciplines, but the specific differences concerning the use of epistemic adverbs have not been studied systematically. This paper investigates the use of epistemic adverbs in research articles representing six disciplines belonging to three different branches of science: the humanities (linguistics and literary studies), the social sciences (law and sociology), and the natural sciences (physics and medicine), with the aim of establishing discipline-specific tendencies in their use. The study is based on a corpus of 160 research articles compiled by the author. It begins with an attempt at delimiting the category of epistemic adverbs in English. After that, a list of the most frequent epistemic adverbs in the subcorpora of all the disciplines is established and discussed. The study demonstrates that frequent use of epistemic adverbs is largely a property of research articles in the humanities and social sciences. Medical and physics research articles use them significantly less often. The most frequent epistemic adverbs in the research articles under analysis include indeed, perhaps, clearly, certainly, of course, arguably, possibly, and reportedly. Some adverbs appear to be associated with specific disciplines, e.g., clearly (physics, linguistics, sociology, medicine), indeed (linguistics, literary studies, sociology), possibly, reportedly (medicine), arguably (law). The association of individual adverbs with specific disciplines may serve as an important clue to the understanding of their functions, in particular in the case of the less frequent ones, such as arguably and reportedly, which remain significantly understudied. The findings may also prove useful in teaching English for academic purposes.
First evidence and quantification of quercetin derivatives in dogberries (Cornus sanguinea L.)
Authors: Popović Zorica , Bajić-Ljubičić Jasna , Matić Rada , Bojović Srdjan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Aim

C. sanguinea L. is a widespread European shrubby species. It is a potential source of biologically active compounds, especially antioxidants, as indicated by the dogberries’ black color. The aim of the present study was to determine the content of several quercetin derivatives in the dogberries and to evaluate phytogeographical variability of these compounds.

Materials and methods
The dogberries were collected in the middle of September at two natural habitats of this species: Mt. Avala and Lake Zlatar, Serbia. The extract obtained from fresh fruits was subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis to identify and quantify the content of five quercetin derivatives: quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (Q-3-O-GlcA), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (Q-3-O-Gal), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (Q-3-O-Rut), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q-3-O-Glc) and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Q-3-O-Rha).

Results
All of examined quercetin derivatives were detected in extract of fresh dogberries and their contents were in the following order: Q-3-O-GlcA>Q-3-O-Gal>Q-3-O-Rut>Q-3-O-Glc>Q-3-O-Rha. The average amount of Q-3-O- Rut varied significantly and depended on the geographic origin of the fruit sample.

Conclusions
These results indicate that dogberries could be a potential source of natural antioxidants, and encourage further investigation of this species considering that it has not yet been exploited in either nutrition or as a source of important pharmacological compounds.
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a diagnostic marker for malignant thyroid diseases
Authors: Zeren Sezgin , Özbay İsa , Bayhan Zülfü , Koçak Fatma Emel , Ucar Bercis Imge , Kahraman Cüneyt , Düzgün Şükrü Aydın , Koçak Cengiz 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a good marker of malignant diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate NLR as a diagnostic marker of thyroid cancer in patients with malignant thyroid diseases compared to those with benign thyroid diseases.

Methods
Two hundred and fifty three patients were divided into two groups: benign and malignant thyroid disease patients. Malignant thyroid disease group was not sub-grouped further into differentiated and undifferentiated. The preoperative complete blood count and biochemical parameters, including NLR, were evaluated.

Results
The mean neutrophil count was found to be significantly higher, whereas the mean lymphocyte count was found to be significantly lower in the malignant group which includes 40 of the patients. As a result, NLR was significantly higher in the malignant group than in the benign group (p<0.001).

Conclusion
This is the first study to show the value of NLR as a marker for malignant thyroid diseases including all subtypes.
Aeroengine Performance Prediction Based on Double-Extremum Learning Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Zheng Bo , Li Yan-Feng , Guo Junyu , Huang Hong-Zhong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo predict the performance parameter changing trend of an aeroengine, a novel double-extremum learning particle swarm optimization (DELPSO) algorithm is proposed. Inspired by human learning behavior, this algorithm simulates this behavior, including the strategies of collective learning, private tutoring, and research behavior, so that obtained final solutions would be in the global optimal area or its neighbor area as close as possible. Meanwhile, to improve the prediction performance, a nonlinear mapping function is designed to describe the feature relationship between inputs and outputs of historical data. Based on the DELPSO, the fitness function synthetically considers the changing trend and the prediction error and can adaptively select optimal parameters of the nonlinear mapping function. The experimental results demonstrate that the DELPSO has globally stable and reliable performance. To validate the prediction performance of the proposed DELPSO, it is also applied to an aeroengine. Its good prediction performance indicates that the proposed DELPSO is an important reference for maintenance decision-making of aeroengines.
The Logistic of Empty Containers′ Return in the Liner-Shipping Network
Authors: Belayachi Naima , Gelareh Shahin , Yachba Khadidja , Bouamrane Karim 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The Maritime Transport is a favoured tool regarding the universal exchanges because it has gone through several evolutions. Indeed, the containerization is considered as one of the most remarkable improvements in the shipping. The containers are rented by shipping companies. However, these companies meet an empty container availability problem at some ports of Maritime Transport Network (MTN) to satisfy the demands of clients. The objective of this work is to solve the problem of the imbalance of the distribution of containers and look for empty containers at less cost to meet the demands of clients. As a result, the authors propose an application to represent the MTN, and provide a balanced distribution of containers. The work presented in this article is based on a heuristic method by neighbourhood. It allows the process of the clients' demands and transfers of full containers as well as the research of empty containers by optimizing the cost of theirs return.
On The Problem of Constructing Routes, Part I: Preface
Authors: Gertsbakh Ilya B. , Liu Tao , Ceder Avishai 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This is a preface of the translation of the 1967 paper by Linis and Maksim, “On the problem of constructing routes” (in Russian) (in the Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Aviation Engineering, Issue 102, pp. 36-45). It marks 50-year to the deficit function (DF) model initially developed in this 1967 work; the DF model then paved the way to further research of vehicle-fleet management in terms of optimal routing and scheduling. The merit of this translation is to describe the roots of the DF modelling to enable further studies to emerge with more contributions.
„Perestrojka“ in der sowjetischen Besatzungspolitik 1947
Authors: John Jürgen , Scherstjanoi Elke 
Published: July 2017

Vorspann
Konfrontiert mit zahlreichen politischen und ökonomischen Problemen, schlug die Sowjetische Militäradministration in Deutschland nach den Landtagswahlen und Regierungsbildungen in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone um die Jahreswende 1946/47 einen Kurs interner Reformen ein, um ihr Image und das Verhältnis zur deutschen Seite zu verbessern. Jürgen John und Elke Scherstjanoi präsentieren Schlüsseldokumente zu einer Besprechung am 10. Januar 1947 in Weimar, bei der der sowjetische Verwaltungschef Thüringens, Ivan S. Kolesničenko, die ihm unterstellten Besatzungsoffiziere auf die neuen Aufgaben einschwor.
The ternary phases CuLi2−x
Sb, Cu2−x
Li1+x
Sb, and Cu2−x
Li1−x
Sb and their structural relations to binary alloys in the systems Cu−Sb and Li−Sb
Authors: Beutl Alexander , Effenberger Herta S. , Flandorfer Hans 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In the course of studies on the phase relations in the system Cu−Li−Sb at 400 °C the ternary compounds CuLi2−x
Sb, Cu2−x
Li1+x
Sb and Cu2−x
Li1−x
Sb were synthesized by melting processes followed by long-time annealing procedures. They were chemically as well as structurally characterized. Powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction investigations proved that CuLi2−x
Sb crystallizes cubic (space group F4̅3m, a=6.248(2) Å) and Cu2−x
Li1−x
Sb hexagonal (space group P63/mmc, a=4.3415(8) Å, c=7.448(2) Å). For Cu2−x
Li1+x
Sb the average structure is cubic (space group Fm3̅m, a=6.169(2) Å). However, it was not possible to unravel split reflections seen in the single-crystal diffraction images. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns gave a hint for tetragonal symmetry (a=4.3832(1) Å, c=6.0512(2) Å). It is assumed, that Cu2−x
Li1+x
Sb is formed from Cu-rich CuLi2−x
Sb in a second order transition reaction during cooling; single domains could not be separated. The three title compounds show close structural relations among each other as well as to the binary compounds Li3Sb (P63/mmc and Fm3̅m modifications), β-Cu3Sb (Fm3̅m), η-Cu2Sb (P4/nmm) and δ-Cu4Sb (P63/mmc). In all cases, the Sb atoms are in a fully ordered ccp or hcp arrangement. In between are the Cu and Li atoms. They exhibit an extensive disorder due to both, mixed and partial occupations making the alloy system Cu–Li–Sb a candidate for electrode materials to be used in Li-ion batteries.
Bright-Dark MixedN-Soliton Solution of Two-Dimensional Multicomponent Maccari System
Authors: Han Zhong , Chen Yong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBased on the KP hierarchy reduction method, we construct the general bright-dark mixedN-soliton solution of the two-dimensional (2D) (M+1)-component Maccari system comprised ofM-component short waves (SWs) and one-component long wave (LW) with all possible combinations of nonlinearities. We firstly consider two types of mixedN-soliton solutions (two-bright-one-dark and one-bright-two-dark solitons in SW components) to the (3+1)-component Maccari system in detail. Then by extending our analysis to the (M+1)-component Maccari system, its generalm-bright-(M–m)-dark mixedN-soliton solution is obtained. The formula obtained also contains the general all-bright and all-darkN-soliton solutions as special cases. For the two-bright-one-dark mixed soliton solution of the (3+1)-component Maccari system, it can be shown that solioff excitation and solioff interaction take place in the two SW components supporting bright solitons, whereas the SW component supporting dark solitons and the LW component possess V-type solitary and interaction.
A [Mo2O2S2]-based ring system incorporating tartrate as the bridging ligand: synthesis, structure and catalytic activity of Cs4[Mo2O2(μ-S)2]2(μ4-tart)2 (tart=[C4H2O6]4−)
Authors: Qian Ting-Ting , Cui Yu-Jie , Xin Zhifeng , Jia Ai-Quan , Zhang Qian-Feng 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Treatment of [Mo2S2O2(H2O)6]2+ with racemic tartaric acid (tartH4) in the presence of sodium hydroxide and cesium chloride in aqueous solution led to the isolation of a new tetra-molybdenum ring cluster Cs4[Mo2O2(μ-S)2]2(μ4-tart)2. The cyclic cluster polyanion consists of two dinuclear [Mo2O2(μ-S)2]2+ moieties and two bridging tart4− ligands. The cyclic polyoxothiomolybdate cluster, supported on the mesoporous silica SBA-15, was tested for heterogenerous catalysis in thiophene hydrodesulfurization.
Reactive Wetting Controlled by Very Small Vertical Temperature Gradients in a Chemical Transport Mini Reactor
Authors: Dobbe Christian , Grotjahn Robin , Gebensleben Tim , Alphei Lukas David , Becker Verena , Becker Jörg August 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Reactive wetting of quartz by silicon is an ideal model system for the understanding and control of reactive wetting effects. Very slow and well controlled reactive spreading of a small silicon droplet on quartz can be achieved and observed in a new type of chemical transport mini reactor equipped with a video microscope setup operating in the melting point vicinity of silicon at Tm=1685 K. The spreading velocities are investigated in dependence of a very small temperature gradient that causes a slight chemical gradient and induces a slow oxygen transport through the system. The oxygen source is a SiO2 substrate at the temperature TA. From here the oxygen is transported upwards through the liquid silicon droplet and is released to the gas phase in form of SiO-molecules. The SiO-molecules are transported towards a cooler SiO2 substrate at TB where SiO2-nano whiskers are formed via a vapor–liquid–solid-growth mechanism. In this way the oxygen drain is located in the gas phase above the droplet. The source reaction drives the reactive spreading process. By reducing the temperature difference ΔT=TB−TA<0 a very small chemical potential difference ΔμO=μOB−μOA<0 of the oxygen between the sessile droplet at position A and the whiskers at position B can be created and adjusted. The velocity of the moving triple line is then measured in dependence of ΔμO and expressed by a power law. The results are explained in terms of an irreversible thermodynamic model that couples the dynamics of the triple line to an ongoing solid state reaction in the underlying substrate, where a thin solid silicon suboxide gradient layer forms between substrate and melt. By fitting the data to the model formula one can determine reactive contributions to the tensions at the triple line and investigate these quantities in the limit ΔμO→−0.
Vorbeugende Leistungen für Kinder und Jugendliche in Zeiten knapper Kassen
Authors: Grohs Stephan , Reiter Renate 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Severe fiscal constraints form the background for local social policy reform in many German municipalities since the early 2000s. According to a widespread thesis, local governments retreat from voluntary action in the field of social prevention and concentrate on their obligatory functions. The article addresses two questions: First, in how far can we really observe this trade-off between voluntary and obligatory functions? Second, what explains potential deviations from this “austerity thesis” and variation in the scope of local social policy?
Präventive Sozialpolitik?
Authors: Kaps Petra , Marquardsen kai 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Since 2011 German municipalities are responsible for organizing the „BuT-Leistungen“. Ex negativo BuT-Leistungen should prevent children from low-income households from social exclusion, while ex positivo they are intended to expand future chances of participation in society by granting access to socio-cultural activities and education. Based on case studies, our article asks how municipalities strategically shape BuT-Leistungen to become more or less preventative.
Die Rolle der Kommunen in der Pflegepolitik
Authors: Brüker Daniela , Kaiser Petra , Leiber Simone , Leitner Sigrid 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Ideally, preventive social policy measures do not only target children or young adults but complement the whole live course. In a first step, this article develops a conception of preventive care policy addressing (older) persons in need of care as well as their caregivers in Germany. In a second step, the role of municipalities – recently subject to political reform at the federal level – in supporting such a preventive approach to care provision is discussed. On the basis of a literature and social legislation review as well as expert interviews the authors point out that realigning local care policies in a preventive way is conditional on the transfer of steady resources from the federal and state governments to the level of municipalities.
Prognostic Value of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with Stanford Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Oz Kursad , Iyigun Taner , Karaman Zeynep , Çelik Ömer , Akbay Ertan , Akınc Okan , Akınc Okan , Erkanli Korhan 
Published: July 2017

Background: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a prognostic predictor in a wide range of cardiovascular disease. Acute aortic dissection (AD) is an uncommon but fatal cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated both prognostic factors in patients with AD and whether NLR can be a predictor for mortality. Methods: We analyzed retrospectively the data of 57 patients with AD who had undergone emergent surgery in our hospital and included 128 consecutive patients with chest pain admitted to the emergency room as a control group. Also, patients who were operated on due to aortic dissection as another subgroup were compared to NLR values. Baseline clinical features, cardiovascular risk factors, and surgical and laboratory parameters were obtained from the hospital database. Results: Patients with AD had higher NLR than the control group (1.7 ± 0.5 versus 7.6 ± 3.3, P < .001). In the AD group, 15 deaths occurred and non-survivors had significantly higher NLR, compared to survivors (11.6 ± 2.4 versus 6.6 ± 2.3, P < .001). In multivariate analysis, high NLR (odds ratio [OR] 1.913, 95% CI 1.030-1.081, P = .04) and cross-clamp time (OR 1.265, 95% CI 1.003-1.596, P = .04) were determined as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. In receiver operating characteristics curve analyses, the NLR > 9.3 predicted the mortality in AD with a specificity of 91% and a sensitivity of 86% (P < .001).Conclusion: This study shows that high NLR can be used as a marker for prognosis in short-term mortality of patient with AD. Additionally, increased lactate level in perioperative period, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time, and additional cardiac procedures are strong independent predictors of short-term mortality in patients with acute AD.
Hirtelen szívhalál sarcoidosis következtében
Authors: Sejben István , Som Zoltán , Cserni Gábor 
Published: July 2017

Abstract: Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology, which is characterized by bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and pulmonary disease. Clinically detected cardiac involvement occurs in 5% of sarcoid patients, although cardiac manifestations are discovered in 25% of the cases at autopsy. Sarcoid heart disease frequently causes atrioventricular block. The authors present the case of a 44-year-old man with bradycardia. On admission, second degree Mobitz II, then third degree atrioventricular block was diagnosed. Coronarography showed normal coronary arteries. 2.5 years following artificial Biotronik Entovis DR type pacemaker implantation, sudden cardiac death occurred. Autopsy revealed sarcoidosis with cardiac, pulmonary, splenic, renal and lymph node involvement. In case of young or middle-aged patients with atrioventricular block, it is best to search for other causes if the most common coronary origin can be excluded. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(27): 1067–1070.