bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining perceived organizational politics among Indian managers
Authors: Agarwal Upasna A. 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to test the effects of perception of organizational politics (POPS) on work outcomes–work engagement, innovative work behaviour and turnover intention. Mediating role of work engagement and the moderating role oflocusof control (LOC) on perceived organizational politics–outcome (innovative work behaviour and turnover intention) relationship was investigated.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered from a sample of 302 full-time managerial employees in India. Results suggest that perceived organizational politics is significantly related to intention to quit and innovative work behaviour, and this relationship is partially mediated by work engagement. LOC moderates the organizational politics–work outcomes (work engagement and innovative work behaviour) relationship.FindingsThe current research demonstrates that availability of a work environment, where there are unfair decisions, nepotism and favoritism, is an impediment to engagement, innovative work behaviour and retention of managers. It behooves of top management therefore focusing on reducing POPS and subsequent deficits in motivation by providing clear feedback regarding which behaviours their organization desires.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focused on POPS as reported by the employees and not on actual political behaviours. As the study did not cover all sectors, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution.Originality/valueThe study extended the current research stream of perceived organizational politics research to one of the underrepresented developing Asian countries, India. The study also contributes in terms of its sample characteristics. Managerial employees working across different sectors, served as the setting of our empirical study.
Formation of strategic networks under high uncertainty of a megaproject
Authors: Jussila Anssi , Mainela Tuija , Nätti Satu 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the formation of strategic networks between second-tier actors in the context of a construction megaproject. The research question addressed is: How do second-tier strategic networks form in high uncertainty projects?Design/methodology/approachThis is a qualitative single-case study, which examines strategic network formation in the context of a nuclear power plant construction project. Focused interviews with parties involved or having an interest in the megaproject were used as the primary data collection method.FindingsThe conditions for network formation in a megaproject context are specified with a focus on the determinants of uncertainty. A total of six second-tier network types with different formation conditions and potential roles in the project are characterized.Research limitations/implicationsAnalyzing the prerequisites of strategic network formation and examining the characteristics of various networks (that are either planned, taking shape or existing between the companies) in this specific context creates a basis for further study of network formation over network levels.Practical implicationsThe formation of strategic networks is critical for many actors in the construction and related industries who are willing to participate in large projects. With the help of our findings, managers are able to define opportunities to orchestrate early phase network formation processes in uncertain circumstances, such as megaprojects.Originality/valueThe contribution of this paper lies in the close examination of strategic network formation from the second-tier actor perspective under circumstances of high uncertainty related to the early phases of megaprojects. Likewise, the illustration of different types of evolving nets in different phases of uncertain projects offers a contribution to the present discussion on strategic nets.
Empathy, nonverbal immediacy, and salesperson performance: the mediating role of adaptive selling behavior
Authors: Limbu Yam B. , Jayachandran C. , Babin Barry J. , Peterson Robin T. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
Previous studies that examined the role of empathy and nonverbal immediacy on business-to-business (B2B) salesperson performance is limited in scope and yielded inconclusive evidence. Grounded in Plank and Greene’s (1996) framework of salesperson effectiveness, this paper aims to empirically investigate the mediating role of adaptive selling behavior through which empathy and nonverbal immediacy influence sales force performance and the form of empathy (cognitive or affective) that has the most beneficial role in improving relationship (versus outcome) salesperson performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Using cross-sectional data that were collected from 422 pharmaceutical sales representatives, this study used structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships.

Findings
Adaptive selling behavior mediates the effect of perspective taking empathy and empathic concern on relationship performance. However, the impact of empathy on outcome performance is not significant through adaptive selling behavior, but perspective taking empathy has a direct influence on outcome performance. Contrary to expectations, nonverbal immediacy is not mediated by adaptive selling behavior but has a direct and positive impact on relationship performance.

Research limitations/implications
The results of this study have several implications for recruitment, training and assessment of salespeople in a B2B context. Based on the empirical evidence, it is highlighted that firms may use different forms of empathy and nonverbal cues to promote adaptive selling behavior that impact sales force performance (i.e. outcome or relationship).

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study which simultaneously examines the mediating role of adaptive selling behavior in the relationship between three antecedent variables that relate to sales force empathy and nonverbal communication (i.e. perspective taking empathy, empathic concern and nonverbal immediacy) and two aspects of B2B sales performance (relationship and outcome).
The role and impact of firm’s strategic orientations on launch performance: significance of relationship orientation
Authors: Matikainen Minna , Terho Harri , Parvinen Petri , Juppo Anne 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThis study examines the role and relative impact of market orientation, product orientation and relationship orientation on new product launch performance, investigating product advantage and market-based assets as alternative mediating mechanisms, which link these strategic orientations to launch performance.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data from the pharmaceutical industry are used to test hypotheses in the research model using partial least squares modeling.FindingsFindings show that while each examined strategic orientation relates positively to launch performance, their performance effects and related mechanisms vary significantly. Results demonstrate a firm’s relationship orientation is the strongest predictor of launch performance, and accumulated market-based assets represent an alternative relational mediator besides product advantage linking firms’ orientations and launch performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical study is based on cross-sectional data collected in one specific industry sector. The authors encourage researchers to confirm the key findings in different industry and other contextual settings.Practical implicationsNew product launch can be effectively managed as a relational activity. Firms benefit from paying explicit attention to strategic orientations and relationships. Especially, top management should foster a relationship-oriented organizational culture, develop relational competences and fully use the firm’s accumulated market-based assets for increased launch performance.Originality/valueThe study extends knowledge on the role of strategic orientations in launch performance by highlighting the significance of relationship orientations and providing novel knowledge on the key mediating mechanisms between strategic orientations and launch performance.
Collaborative culture and relationship strength roles in collaborative relationships: a supply chain perspective
Authors: Kumar Gopal , Banerjee Rabindra Nath , Meena Purushottam Lal , Ganguly Kunal 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to model and investigate collaborative culture and relationship strength roles in supply chain collaboration. This research highlights critical role played by culture and relationship strength in collaboration.Design/methodology/approachDrawing from relational view, a conceptual model is developed with the help of literature, and the model is validated with data collected in India using partial least squares method.FindingsResults and analyses revealed that culture and relationship strength significantly and strongly influence each collaborative activity. The relationship strength fully mediates between collaborative culture and supply chain performance. The research also finds that the relationship strength partially mediates between collaborative culture and market-based information sharing, operational resource planning and sharing. In the long-term, collaborative culture drives relationship strength and the element enhances collaborative activities.Originality/valueThis research attempted to explore collaborative culture and relationship strength which are crucial for collaborative relationship. Many mediation effects are studied which increase the understanding and give insights for its implementation. Its theoretical and practical implications are highlighted. This knowledge has enough potential to lead collaborative relationships towards success.
Opportunities and opportunism with high-status B2B partners in emerging economies
Authors: Gould A. Noel , Liu Annie H. , Yu Yang 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThis study examines the potential of foreign business-to-business (B2B) firms to select high-status local partners in emerging markets to achieve positive relationship outcomes. Because a domestic firm’s high status may also promote opportunism, the study also examines if the foreign B2B firms may mitigate such behavior through either or both transaction-specific investments (TSIs) and socialization.Design/methodology/approachThe research is conducted via a model that suggests a positive correlation between high local partner status and the focal relationship outcomes and the moderating effects of structural TSIs and social governance systems. The model was developed and empirically tested using data collected from 96 foreign firms operating in China.FindingsUsing multiple regressions, the findings suggest that foreign B2B firms are likely to achieve more beneficial relationship outcomes with high-status local partners. Standing alone, foreign B2B firms’ TSIs mitigate the positive relationship outcomes, whereas their socialization with the high-status partners enhances the beneficial outcomes. Most importantly, combining socialization with TSIs increases beneficial outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThis study adds to B2B marketing, status theory and the application of transaction cost economics (TCE) and social exchange theory to foreign-local B2B exchange relationships in emerging markets. The findings confirm the attractiveness of high status in emerging markets by exploring how the selection, formation and chosen B2B governance processes may lead to competing outcomes of opportunism or success. Future research will benefit from simultaneously securing data from both sides of the dyad.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests that foreign B2B firms consider high status as a key criterion in selecting local partners in emerging markets and the importance of managing high-status partners’ potential opportunism by effective governance mechanisms.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to apply and explore the workings of status theory in the foreign-local B2B partner selection process and relationship outcomes in emerging markets and thereby contributes to B2B marketing, status theory and both TCE and social exchange theories in the focal foreign-local B2B context.
Whole grain foods: is sensory liking related to knowledge, attitude, or intake?
Authors: Magalis Robin M. , Giovanni Maria , Silliman Kathryn 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The health benefits of whole grains are well established, yet intake remains below recommendations. Knowledge and familiarity with whole grains may increase short-term intake, but sensory properties can limit consumption. These factors usually are researched separately, thus, this study aims to explore the relationships among sensory liking, knowledge, attitudes and intake.

Design/methodology/approach
This cross-sectional study had 69 college students participate in four tasks: sensory liking of whole vs refined grain bread, rice, pasta and tortillas; bitter taster status; knowledge and attitudes; and intake of whole grains.

Findings
Whole wheat bread and tortillas were liked, as well as their refined grain counterparts. However, white rice and pasta were liked significantly more than the whole grain products (p < 0.05), which are less familiar to most people. Higher consumers of whole grain foods preferred those samples to the refined product for some sensory attributes (p < 0.05). Bitter taster status was not related to sensory preferences. Understanding and recognition of whole grains was low, but attitudes were generally positive. Whole grain intake was overestimated by the food frequency questionnaire because of problems with the instrument and also subjects’ lack of understanding about these foods.

Research limitations/implications
The link between preference and consumption warrants further study. The survey used to measure whole grain intake was a limitation and demonstrates the need for an accurate and efficient tool. Although knowledge about whole grains is limited, the positive attitudes expressed by participants can strategically inform outreach. If people believe that they consume more whole grains than they actually do, they may have a false sense of security. Further research with different age groups and a wider variety of foods is needed.

Practical implications
Participants overestimated their consumption of whole grain foods, indicating that consumers may think that they are meeting recommended amounts but they are actually deficient in whole grain intake; thus, improved education and promotional efforts are needed.

Originality/value
Few studies examine the inter-relationships among sensory preference, bitter taster status, knowledge, attitude and intake of whole grains.
Retention of bioactive compounds in fresh fenugreek leaves during storage under modified atmosphere packaging
Authors: Sidhu Gagandeep Kaur , Kaur Preetinder , Singh Manpreet 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) leaves have received an enormous demand due to their uses in traditional Indian preparations. It is a green leafy vegetable that is highly perishable in nature, due to high respiration rate; consequently, sensory as well as nutrient loss occurs at a very high rate. The aim of this research was to enhance the shelf life of fresh fenugreek leaves under modified atmosphere and determine the effect of different physiochemical parameters on storability of fenugreek leaves.

Design/methodology/approach
Fresh fenugreek leaves were stored in polypropylene (PP) film package under four different treatments, viz., T1: perforated (one perforation), T2: perforated (two perforation, 0.3 mm each), T3: non-perforated and T4: control sample. The control samples were kept in packages under ambient conditions. All packed samples were stored at 15°C temperature and 75 per cent relative humidity (RH). The quality was determined on the basis of retention of pigments, flavonoids, antioxidants, ascorbic acid and total phenols. The sensory evaluation of the stored samples was also carried out at regular intervals.

Findings
The results of this study indicated that the quality of fresh fenugreek leaves in PP (34 μm) non-perforated package (T3) stored at 15°C and 75 per cent RH was superior to those packed under other treatments on the basis of color retention, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, total phenols and overall acceptability. The produce could be safely stored for 9 days without any adverse effect on bioactive compounds.

Originality/value
Factors leading to deterioration of quality of fresh fenugreek leaves like pigments and phenolic content were largely influenced by in-pack gaseous atmosphere inside the polymeric film packages. Modified atmosphere packaging with different treatments for enhancing shelf life and retention of bioactive compound of fenugreek was carried out in the work.
In vitro digestibility and pasting properties of epichlorohydrin modified cassava starch
Authors: Horianski Marta Aurelia , Peralta Juan Manuel , Brumovsky Luis Alberto 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of epichlorohydrin (ECH) concentration and reaction time on the food-grade resistant starch production and its pasting properties by using native cassava starch of Misiones-Argentina origin.

Design/methodology/approach
Cassava starch was modified using ECH (0.30 and 0.15 per cent) during 4 or 8 h. Digestibility was evaluated by determining resistant starch as total dietary fiber. Pasting properties and the cross-linking degree were studied using a micro-viscoamylograph (Brabender).

Findings
Resistant starch content was not influenced by ECH concentration and reaction time. Cross-linking was detected at higher reaction times (8 h) and ECH concentrations (0.30 per cent), where a decrease in viscosity peaks by more than 80 per cent was observed. Both pasting temperature and breakdown were increased, whereas a decrease in retrogradation was detected.

Practical implications
Starches can be suitable for different food applications. This is because of the ability to modify its pasting properties and the invariability of the in vitro digestibility of cassava starch as a result of using ECH (at concentrations approved by local and regional legislation) and reaction times of 4 and 8 h.

Originality/value
Information related to the modification of cassava starch using ECH is scarce or not available nowadays in literature.
Effect of different thistle flower ecotypes as milk-clotting in Serra da Estrela cheese
Authors: Correia Paula , Vítor André , Tenreiro Marlene , Correia Ana Cristina , Madanelo João , Guiné Raquel 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
Thistle flower (Cynara cardunculus) aqueous extracts, as rich source of milk-clotting peptidases, have been widely used for cheeses marketed under the Registry of the Protected Designation of Origin, as it is the case of Serra da Estrela cheese, manufactured from raw ewes’ milk and without addition of any commercial starter culture. This paper aims at studying the influence of six different ecotypes of thistle flowers in cheese properties during the ripening and of final products.

Design/methodology/approach
Cheeses were produced with different thistle flower extracts and then the clotting time, weight and colour of cheeses, as well as texture properties and sensorial characteristics, were evaluated.

Findings
The clotting time varied from 47 to 66 min, and the weight loss along ripening varied between 32 and 40 per cent. There was some influence of thistle flower ecotype on the colour during ripening and in the final product. The results of texture analysis revealed significant differences between the thistle ecotypes: crust firmness varying from 2.4 to 5.6 N; inner firmness from 0.82 to 1.82 N; stickiness from −0.5 to −1.60 N; adhesiveness from −3.0 to −11.3 N.s; and Ecotype C was particularly distinguishable. Sensorial evaluation revealed differences among the cheeses, with Ecotype C receiving the highest score for global appreciation.

Originality/value
The usage of different extracts of thistle flower to produce Serra da Estrela cheese with different properties is a novelty, and it allows the possibility of manipulating this parameter in the future so as to produce cheeses with specific characteristics, addressed to different consumer targets.
Success despite the stress: violet‐green swallows increase glucocorticoids and maintain reproductive output despite experimental increases in flight costs
Authors: Rivers James W. , Newberry Gretchen N. , Schwarz Carl J. , Ardia Daniel R. 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Glucocorticoid steroid hormones play a central role in regulating the metabolic state of animals, especially when they cope with unanticipated stressors in their environment. The cort‐adaptation hypothesis predicts that baseline concentrations of glucocorticoids are adjusted upward to match energetic needs and promote fitness when individuals are faced with physiological challenges, including those associated with reproduction.

We tested the cort‐adaptation hypothesis in the violet‐green swallow (Tachycineta thalassina) by experimentally increasing flight costs during the offspring rearing period. Individual females were assigned to one of three treatments: light feather clipping (removal of four wing feathers), heavy feather clipping (removal of eight wing feathers) or a sham‐clip control.

We measured baseline corticosterone and body mass immediately prior to implementing treatments during the offspring rearing period and then 10 days after initial manipulations took place. We also quantified risk‐taking behaviour, offspring feeding rate and the number of offspring fledged. Finally, we examined how treatments influenced offspring phenotype via measurements of nestling body mass and baseline corticosterone, as both measures have been associated with post‐fledging survival.

We found that handicapped females significantly increased baseline corticosterone between the two sampling periods, with the magnitude of change in the light clipping and heavy clipping treatments 2·5× and 6·1× greater than controls, respectively. All individuals lost mass between the two sampling periods, but the degree of loss was greater for females in both clipping treatments relative to unmanipulated controls.

In contrast, we found no evidence of treatment differences in female risk‐taking, offspring provisioning or in the number of offspring fledged. Offspring raised by females in both handicapped treatments did have significantly elevated baseline corticosterone relative to those in control broods, but we detected no treatment differences in offspring body mass.

Our study found that handicapped females increased circulating glucocorticoids and were able to maintain critical parental care behaviours and raise a similar number of offspring as unmanipulated controls. Thus, increases in baseline cort of handicapped females appeared to have allowed them to maintain fitness despite increased physiological challenges, providing support for the cort‐adaptation hypothesis.

A Lay Summary is available for this article.