bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Range Detection of the Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field Produced by Laptop’s AC Adapter
Authors: Brodić Darko , Amelio Alessia 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Human exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field represents a risk to their health. This paper takes into consideration the level of an extremely low-frequency magnetic field between 30 and 300 Hz emitted by an AC laptop adapter. The experiment consists of testing 17 different AC adapters for laptops. During the testing, laptops are operated in a normal operating conditions as well as under heavy load. The magnetic field measurement is conducted in the area around the AC adapter. Obtained data is evaluated according to the critical level of the magnetic field proposed by safety standards. Furthermore, data is classified by a K-medians method in order to determine the critical levels of the magnetic field exposure in the nearby area of the AC adapter. Obtained classifications are evaluated according to safety standards, giving a critical analysis of magnetic field areas at risk. Due to emission of a very strong magnetic field in certain areas, a recommendation for safety use of the AC adapter is proposed.
Comparison of Two Experiments Based on a Physical and a Torsion Pendulum to Determine the Mass Moment of Inertia Including Measurement Uncertainties
Authors: Klaus Leonard 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo determine the mass-moment-of-inertia properties of devices under test with particularly small mass moments of inertia (some 10−4kg m2), two measurement set-ups based on different measurement principles were developed. One set-up is based on a physical pendulum, the second set-up incorporates a torsion pendulum. Both measurement set-ups and their measurement principles are described in detail, including the chosen data acquisition and analysis. Measurement uncertainty estimations according to theGuide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement(GUM) were carried out for both set-ups by applying Monte Carlo simulations. Both set-ups were compared using the same three devices under test. For each measurement result, the measurement uncertainties were estimated. The measurement results are compared in terms of consistency and the resulting measurement uncertainties. For the given devices under test, the torsion pendulum set-up gave results with smaller measurement uncertainties compared to the set-up incorporating a physical pendulum.
Characterization of the Embryogenic Tissue of the Norway Spruce Including a Transition Layer between the Tissue and the Culture Medium by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Kořínek R. , Mikulka J. , Hřib J. , Hudec J. , Havel L. , Bartušek K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The paper describes the visualization of the cells (ESEs) and mucilage (ECMSN) in an embryogenic tissue via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxometry measurement combined with the subsequent multi-parametric segmentation. The computed relaxometry maps T
1 and T
2 show a thin layer (transition layer) between the culture medium and the embryogenic tissue. The ESEs, mucilage, and transition layer differ in their relaxation times T
1 and T
2; thus, these times can be used to characterize the individual parts within the embryogenic tissue. The observed mean values of the relaxation times T
1 and T
2 of the ESEs, mucilage, and transition layer are as follows: 1469 ± 324 and 53 ± 10 ms, 1784 ± 124 and 74 ± 8 ms, 929 ± 164 and 32 ± 4.7 ms, respectively. The multi-parametric segmentation exploiting the T
1 and T
2 relaxation times as a classifier shows the distribution of the ESEs and mucilage within the embryogenic tissue. The discussed T
1 and T
2 indicators can be utilized to characterize both the growth-related changes in an embryogenic tissue and the effect of biotic/abiotic stresses, thus potentially becoming a distinctive indicator of the state of any examined embryogenic tissue.
Measuring Light Air Ions in a Speleotherapeutic Cave
Authors: Roubal Z. , Bartušek K. , Szabó Z. , Drexler P. , Überhuberová J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The paper deals with a methodology proposed for measuring the concentration of air ions in the environment of speleotherapeutic caves, and with the implementation of the AK-UTEE-v2 ionmeter. Speleotherapy, in the context of its general definition, is the medical therapy that utilizes the climate of selected caves to treat patients with health problems such as asthma. These spaces are characterized by the presence of high air humidity and they make extreme demands on the execution of the measuring device, the Gerdien tube (GT in the following) in particular, and on the amplifier electronics. The result is an automated measuring system using a GT with low-volume air flow, enabling long-term measuring of air ion concentration and determination of spectral ion characteristics. Interesting from the instrumentation viewpoint are the GT design, active shielding, and execution of the electrometric amplifier. A specific method for the calculation of spectral ion characteristics and the mode of automatic calibration were proposed and a procedure of automatic measurement in the absence of attendants was set up. The measuring system is designed for studying and long-term monitoring of the concentration of light negative ions in dependence on climatic conditions and on the mobility of ions occurring in the cave.
An Experiment to Prove the Effect of Low-Level Magnetic Fields Resulting from Ionospheric Changes on Humans
Authors: Hanzelka M. , Dan J. , Šlepecky M. , Holcner V. , Dohnal P. , Kadlec R. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The investigation presented in the paper was performed in the laboratories of the Department of Theoretical and Experimental Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, between April 22 and June 26, 2014. We examined a homogeneous sample of male and female participants comprising a total of 49 persons aged 19 to 26. The time required for the measurement of psychophysiological parameters corresponded to 19 minutes, encompassing five stages: Basic (5 mins.), Color (2 mins.), Rest (5 mins.), Math (2 mins.), and Rest (5 mins.). All the measuring cycles were carried out using a BioGraph Infiniti device (Thought Technology, Ltd.). Generally, the impact of the environment upon living organisms constitutes a crucial problem examined by today’s science. In this context, the present article describes the results of an investigation focused on ionosphere parameter variation and its role in the basic function of the nervous system. The discussed research concentrates on the measurement and detection of changes in the region of very low electromagnetic field frequencies; the authors introduce and verify related theoretical and experimental procedures to define the effects that influence brain activity and the cardiovascular system.
Students’ orientations to communication across linguistic difference with international teaching assistants at an internationalizing university in the United States
Authors: Subtirelu Nicholas Close 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInstitutions of higher education (HEIs) in English-speaking countries have been engaged in internationalization for decades. Among the many factors driving their internationalization are commitments to increasing and celebrating diversity as well as a desire to foster cross-cultural cooperation. Nonetheless, the linguistic diversity of their multi-national student body and faculty poses challenges for HEIs, including the decades-old controversy surrounding international teaching assistants (ITAs) in the United States. Despite their commitments to respecting diversity, HEIs have generally adopted a deficit approach to ITAs’ language, framing it as ‘flawed’ and attributing communication problems to those ‘flaws’. I argue that, despite its more nuanced understanding of the issue, applied linguistics has adopted an implicit politics complicit with this dominant framing which leads researchers to ignore the student’s role in ITA-student communication. In response, I propose an alternative approach grounded in critical sociolinguistics. Working from this perspective, I examine students’ discourse about their international instructors, arguing that their statements suggest contrasting orientations to communication across linguistic difference. Some students seek to cooperate with their international instructors, while others prefer to avoid them. I examine their justifications for these orientations in detail and discuss implications for higher education policy.
The crystal structure of 4-chloro-3,5-dinitroaniline, C6H4ClN3O4
Authors: Jianlong Wang , Tianbei Zhang , Lizhen Chen 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
C6H4ClN3O4, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 14.1945(7) Å, b = 8.1107(3) Å, c = 15.3834(6) Å, β = 115.472(6)°, V = 1598.90(12) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0269, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0669, T = 105.6 K.
Crystal structure of 4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidin-2-yl)benzonitrile, C20H17N3
Authors: Zhang Min , Yuan Lin , Yuan Xian-You , Li Zhong-Yan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
C20H17N3, orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 11.371(11) Å, b = 12.144(12) Å, c = 11.718(11) Å, V = 1618(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0443, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1373, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of (tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine-κ4
N,N′,N′′,N′′′′)-chloranilato-κO,O′-zinc(II) – methanol (1/1), C25H22Cl2N4O5Zn
Authors: Yun Zhao , Lu Xu , Li-Fang Zhang 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
C25H22Cl2N4O5Zn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 16.302(3) Å, b = 11.324(2) Å, c = 14.636(3) Å, β = 111.43(3)°, V = 2515.1(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0511, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1109, T = 123(2) K.
Crystal structure of phenyl(2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidin-2-yl)methanone, C24H18N2O
Authors: Grimmer Craig D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
C24H18N2O, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 5.9227(7) Å, b = 16.462(2) Å, c = 18.150(2) Å, β = 98.372(2)°, V = 1750.8(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0353, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0942, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of halogen-bonded 2-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline—1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (2/1), C30H14Cl2F4I2N4
Authors: Wang Jian-Ge , Wang Weizhou 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
C30H14Cl2F4I2N4, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 17.3143(9) Å, b = 8.7081(4) Å, c = 19.6795(8) Å, β = 101.795(4)°, V = 2904.5(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0340, wR
ref (F2) = 0.0890, T = 293 K.
Microwave energy assisted carbonization of nanostructured conducting polymers for their potential use in energy storage applications
Authors: Poyraz Selcuk , Flogel Marissa , Liu Zhen , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Three well-established one-step approaches, namely, conducting polymer (CP) nanofiber (NF) synthesis by NF seeding, CP nanoclip (NC) synthesis by oxidative template, and microwave (MW) energy-assisted carbonization were systematically combined to prepare carbonaceous nanostructures from CPs, with great potential as the active material for energy storage purposes. Polypyrrole (PPy), as one of the most well-known and commonly studied members of the CP family was prepared in both NF and NC forms, as the sacrificial carbonization precursor, for different property comparison purposes. Due to conducting polymers’ high electron mobility and easily exciting nature under MW irradiation, both PPy NF and NC samples had vigorously interacted with MWs. The as-obtained carbonaceous samples from such interactions exhibited high thermal stabilities, competitive specific capacitance values and long-term stable electrochemical cyclic performances, which are crucial for the active materials used in energy storage applications. Thus, it is believed that, this well-established and well-studied process combination will dominate the large-scale manufacturing of the carbon-based, active energy storage materials from CPs.
The effect of magnesium ions on triphosphate hydrolysis
Authors: Barrozo Alexandre , Blaha-Nelson David , Williams Nicholas H. , Kamerlin Shina C. L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The role of metal ions in catalyzing phosphate ester hydrolysis has been the subject of much debate, both in terms of whether they change the transition state structure or mechanistic pathway. Understanding the impact of metal ions on these biologically critical reactions is central to improving our understanding of the role of metal ions in the numerous enzymes that facilitate them. In the present study, we have performed density functional theory studies of the mechanisms of methyl triphosphate and acetyl phosphate hydrolysis in aqueous solution to explore the competition between solvent- and substrate-assisted pathways, and examined the impact of Mg2+ on the energetics and transition state geometries. In both cases, we observe a clear preference for a more dissociative solvent-assisted transition state, which is not significantly changed by coordination of Mg2+. The effect of Mg2+ on the transition state geometries for the two pathways is minimal. While our calculations cannot rule out a substrate-assisted pathway as a possible solution for biological phosphate hydrolysis, they demonstrate that a significantly higher energy barrier needs to be overcome in the enzymatic reaction for this to be an energetically viable reaction pathway.
Producing Irony in Adolescence: A Comparison Between Face-to-Face and Computer-Mediated Communication
Authors: Aguert Marc , Laval Virginie , Gauducheau Nadia , Atifi Hassan , Marcoccia Michel 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The literature suggests that irony production expands in the developmental period of adolescence. We aimed to test this hypothesis by investigating two channels: face-to-face and computer-mediated communication (CMC). Corpora were collected by asking seventh and 11th graders to freely discuss some general topics (e.g., music), either face-to-face or on online forums. Results showed that 6.2% of the 11th graders’ productions were ironic utterances, compared with just 2.5% of the seventh graders’ productions, confirming the major development of irony production in adolescence. Results also showed that adolescents produced more ironic utterances in CMC than face-to-face. The analysis suggested that irony use is a strategy for increasing in-group solidarity and compensating for the distance intrinsic to CMC, as it was mostly inclusive and well-marked on forums. The present study also confirmed previous studies showing that irony is compatible with CMC.
Zing Zing Bang Bang:How Do You Know What She Really Meant. Gender Bias in Response to Irony: The Role of Who is Speaking to Whom
Authors: Milanowicz Anna , Kałowski Piotr 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLiterature points towards the role of context in irony interpretation and the existence of gender differences in language use. We decided to examine the influence of interlocutors’ gender stereotypes on interpreting and reacting to ironic criticism in conversation. To this end, we designed two experiments gathering participants’ responses to the same ironic utterances voiced both by women and by men in control and gender stereotype activation conditions. Results of the first experiment showed that women tended to use irony significantly more often when responding to a man than to another woman. The second, ongoing experiment will additionally examine participants’ response times and total time of utterance in respect to their addressee’s gender. The results are discussed with regard to the social comparison theory (Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, & Wetherell, 1987) and the linguistic intergroup bias theory (Wigboldus & Douglas, 2007).
“I Understand You, So I’ll Not Hurt You with My Irony”: Correlations Between Irony and Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Bajerski Michał 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Due to the growing interest not only in theoretical approaches to irony, but also in its pragmatic functions, the number of questions is increasing. One of them is: Is irony in any way connected to emotional intelligence? This paper outlines what irony is and how it is used in everyday conversations. Analysis of current studies in emotional intelligence highlights its influence over behavior and attitude. It led to an experiment where subjects (N = 80) where asked to fill an emotional intelligence questionnaire and an irony questionnaire. The results show that emotional intelligence is negatively correlated with the overall sum of ironic sentences and self-ironic sentences, and with the number of ironic praise sentences. Later, the implications of empirical findings are discussed.
The Role of Individual Differences and Situational Factors in Perception of Verbal Irony
Authors: Gucman Magda 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A study was conducted to analyze the influence of situational and individual factors on verbal irony perception. Participants (N = 144) rated smartness, criticality, humorousness, and offensiveness of ironic utterances and their literal equivalents. The utterances were put in various contexts, differing in terms of the structure of the interlocutors’ social ranks and the responsibility of the addressee for the described event. Additionally, participants’ state and trait of anxiety were measured using the Polish adaptation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Wrześniewski, Sosnowski, Jaworowska, & Fecenec, 2011) and their social competences were measured with the Social Competences Questionnaire (Matczak, 2007). Analyses showed that the structure of the interlocutors’ social ranks, the addressee’s responsibility, as well as the state and trait of anxiety can influence the perception of irony, although it does not always concern all of the variables rated herein. No link between social competences and irony perception was found.
Influence of Voice Intonation on Understanding Irony by Polish-Speaking Preschool Children
Authors: Zajączkowska Maria Katarzyna 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The main aim of the presented study was to investigate the influence of voice intonation on the comprehension of ironic utterances in 4- to 6-year-old Polish-speaking children. 83 preschool children were tested with the Irony Comprehension Task (Banasik & Bokus, 2012). In the Irony Comprehension Task, children are presented with stories in which ironic utterances were prerecorded and read by professional speakers using an ironic intonation. Half of the subjects performed the regular Irony Comprehension Task while the other half were given a modified version of the Irony Comprehension Task (ironic content was uttered using a non-ironic intonation). Results indicate that children from the ironic intonation group scored higher on the Irony Comprehension Task than children who heard ironic statements uttered using a neutral voice. Ironic voice intonation appeared to be a helpful cue to irony comprehension.
Young-School-Aged Children’s Use of Direct and Indirect Persuasion: Role of Intentionality Understanding
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Anna M. , Bosacki Sandra L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Recent research suggests that social cognitive abilities, particularly the theory of mind (ToM), play a role in the development of persuasion in early and middle childhood. This study investigated the relations between children’s intentionality understanding and early persuasive skills, especially the ability to use direct and indirect persuasive strategies in symmetric and asymmetric relational context. Ninety-five 5- to 7-year-olds participated in a narrative task that described persuasive situations with parents and peers and answered questions in intentionality understanding stories. Results showed that participants used indirect strategies less often than direct proposals. To persuade their parents, participants used more direct than indirect persuasive strategies, while this difference was not significant for peer persuasion. Correlation analysis revealed that independent of age and expressive language ability, intentionality understanding significantly predicted participants’ number of persuasive proposals and the use of direct and indirect bilateral persuasive strategies. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Comprehension of Ironic Utterances by Bilingual Children
Authors: Banasik Natalia , Podsiadło Kornelia 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This study investigates verbal irony comprehension by 6-year old bilingual children speaking Polish and English and living in the USA. Researchers have predominantly focused on monolingual populations when examining non-literal language in young children. This is the first exploratory study of how irony is comprehended by children growing up in a bilingual setting. Results suggest that 6-year olds from this population score high in decoding the intended meaning behind an ironic utterance and that there is a relation between this ability and the development of their theory of mind (ToM). Interestingly, the data suggests that in the tested sample, no difference could be observed between comprehension of sarcastic irony (i.e., irony containing the element of blame directed towards the addressee) and non-sarcastic irony (irony without criticism towards the interlocutor). The results may be a basis for assuming that irony comprehension may be different in bilingual, compared to monolingual, samples.
Irony Comprehension in the Nonnative Language Comes at a Cost
Authors: Bromberek-Dyzman Katarzyna , Rataj Karolina 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIrony as a communicative phenomenon continues to puzzle. One of the key questions concerns cognitive and linguistic mechanisms underpinning irony comprehension. Empirical research exploring how much time people need to grasp irony as compared to literal meanings, brought equivocal answers. In view of the timespan-oriented-approach’ inconclusiveness, we set to explore the efficiency of irony online processing in a limited-response-time paradigm. Additionally, we aimed to find out whether advanced nonnative users of a language, who have mastered ironic mode of thinking in their native language, get irony as efficiently in their nonnative as they do in their native language. Results show that participants were less efficient in processing irony than nonirony in both tested languages, yet the efficiency decreased in their nonnative language. These results license a claim that irony is a cognitively more demanding communicative phenomenon than literal meaning, and the effort invested in its comprehension increases in the nonnative language.
Cellulose modification and shaping – a review
Authors: Jedvert Kerstin , Heinze Thomas 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This review aims to present cellulose as a versatile resource for the production of a variety of materials, other than pulp and paper. These products include fibers, nonwovens, films, composites, and novel derivatized materials. This article will briefly introduce the structure of cellulose and some common cellulose derivatives, as well as the formation of cellulosic materials in the micro- and nanoscale range. The challenge with dissolution of cellulose will be discussed and both derivatizing and nonderivatizing solvents for cellulose will be described. The focus of the article is the critical discussion of different shaping processes to obtain a variety of cellulose products, from commercially available viscose fibers to advanced and functionalized materials still at the research level.