bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Evaluation of an Outpatient Assessment of Postural Instability to Predict Risk of Falls in Patients with Parkinson's Disease Presenting for Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Brandmeir Nicholas J. , Brandmeir Cheryl L. , Kuzma Kristine , McInerney James 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundPostural instability (PI) and falls, major causes of morbidity in patients with PD, are often overlooked. DBS is a mainstay therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been purported to both worsen and improve PI. An effective PI evaluation that can predict fall risk in patients with PD presenting for DBS is needed.MethodsForty‐nine consecutive patients with PD were enrolled. Self‐reported falls were the gold standard. Tests evaluated were the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed‐Up‐and‐Go (TUG), Pull Test, and Biodex Balance System Sway Index on firm (SI‐FIRM) and soft (SI‐SOFT) surfaces.ResultsThe best single tests for fall risk were the BBS and SI‐FIRM, each with sensitivities of 79% and specificities of 60% and 65%, respectively. When the evaluation was combined into a composite measure requiring four positive tests out of five, the sensitivity was 72% and specificity was 80%.ConclusionsA simple, efficient outpatient physical therapy assessment is effective in diagnosing fall risk in patients with PD.
Nanoformulated copper/zinc superoxide dismutase reduces adipose inflammation in obesity
Authors: Perriotte‐Olson Curtis , Adi Nikhil , Manickam Devika S. , Westwood Rachel A. , Desouza Cyrus V. , Natarajan Gopalakrishnan , Crook Alexandra , Kabanov Alexander V. , Saraswathi Viswanathan 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveAn intimate association exists between oxidative stress and inflammation. Because adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is intricately linked to metabolic disorders, it was hypothesized that reducing oxidative stress would be effective in ameliorating AT inflammation in obesity.MethodsWild‐type mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HF) for 8 weeks followed by a 2‐week treatment with nanoformulated copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (NanoSOD). The mice were divided into: 1) chow diet, 2) HF, and 3) HF + NanoSOD.ResultsThe HF + NanoSOD‐treated mice showed a significant decrease in plasma and liver triglycerides when compared with HF‐fed mice. Interestingly, NanoSOD reduced the expression of macrophage and inflammatory markers in visceral AT (VAT) and stromal cells derived from VAT. Moreover, the activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways, in particular, the extracellular signal‐regulated kinases, was blunted in VAT on NanoSOD treatment. However, markers of oxidative stress were not altered significantly in the HF + NanoSOD group in the experimental conditions. Pretreatment of either macrophages or adipocytes significantly reduced the inflammatory response invoked in an in vitro coculture system, further supporting the role of NanoSOD in inhibiting obesity‐linked inflammation.ConclusionsThis data suggest that NanoSOD is effective not only in reducing AT macrophage accumulation and AT inflammation but also in promoting triglyceride metabolism in obesity.
Four‐locus gene interaction between IL13, IL4, FCER1B, and ADRB2 for asthma in Chinese Han children
Authors: Hua Li , Zuo Xian‐Bo , Bao Yi‐Xiao , Liu Quan‐Hua , Li Jing‐Yang , Lv Jie , Fang Ding‐Zhu , Lin Qian , Bao Jun , Ji Ruo‐Xu 
Published: November 2015

SummaryRationale: IL13, IL4, IL4RA, FCER1B, and ADRB2 are important inflammatory genes associated with immunoglobulin E levels. This study attempts to determine whether there are gene–gene interactions in the five genes among asthmatic children of Chinese Han nationality. Methods: Nine single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the five genes were genotyped in 1,000 asthmatic children and 1,000 healthy controls using TaqMan real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Multifactor–dimensionality reduction method was applied for the analysis. Results: A four‐way gene–gene interaction model consisting of IL13 rs20541, IL4 rs2243250, ADRB2 rs1042713, and FCER1B rs569108 was chosen as the optimal one for determining asthma susceptibility (testing balanced accuracy = 0.6089, cross‐validation consistency = 10/10, P = 6.98E−05). Each of the four SNPs was identified to have an independent association with childhood asthma (G allele of rs20541, odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, P = 1.23E−03; T allele of rs2243250, OR = 1.25, P = 3.81E‐03; A allele of rs1042713, OR = 1.29, P = 6.75E‐05; G allele of rs569108, OR = 1.27, P = 3.86E−03). Individuals homozygous for the risk alleles at all the four loci (rs20541 GG, rs2243250 TT, rs1042713 AA, and rs569108 GG) had a significantly higher risk of asthma compared with those without any risk homozygotes (OR = 13.55, P = 4.28E−03), and also greater than those with less than four risk homozygotes (OR = 10.09, P = 6.51E−03). Conclusions: Our results suggest that IL13 rs20541, IL4 rs2243250, ADRB2 rs1042713, and FCER1B rs569108, four SNPs with significant sole effect on asthma, interact to confer a higher risk for the disease in Chinese Han children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:364–371. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognition‐Based Visualization of the Dynamics of Conceptual Models: The Vivid OPM Scene Player
Authors: Bolshchikov Sergey , Somekh Judith , Mazor Shay , Wengrowicz Niva , Choder Mordechai , Dori Dov 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTModeling plays an increasingly important role in the lifecycle of systems. Complex dynamic systems are difficult to model, preventing users from deeply understanding their intricate behavior. Existing conceptual modeling languages contain behavioral diagrams aimed to describe how the modeled system changes over time. However, most of these diagram types are static and do not directly reflect the system's behavior in space and time in a manner that is close to conceived reality. Models that are inherently visual and dynamic can potentially provide system architects and designers, as well as prospective customers, with profound understanding of the behavior of the system under development without requiring knowledge of any specific modeling language. Based on this conjecture, which is supported by cognitive neuroscience, we present Vivid Object‐Process Methodology (OPM), a software module that generates and plays a “video clip” of the system under development from its OPM conceptual model. While requiring relatively little effort on the side of the modeler, this option explicates how the system behaves over time, providing a powerful tool for understanding and communicating complex systems dynamics. Testing Vivid OPM with human subjects, we found that it enhances the understandability of the system under study, especially in complex situations, where interaction is involved. The preliminary animation application we present can evolve into a powerful model‐based 3‐dimensional tool for visualizing systems of increasing complexity and sophistication, serving scientists,systems engineers, and students at all levels.
Pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic integration of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in buffalo calves
Authors: Daundkar Prashant S. , Vemu Bhaskar , Dumka Vinod K. , Sharma Suresh K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe present study was planned with an objective to test the pharmacokinetics of a new formulation of enrofloxacin (Flobac®SA) in buffalo calves. The drug was administered at the dose rate of 7.5 mg kg−1 body weight through the intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) route followed by plasma collection and analysis at different time intervals. After analysis, using High Performance Liquid Chromatography – Ultraviolet, various pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using visual fit for compartmental analysis, followed by integration with pharmacodynamic parameters against Escherichia coli and Pasteurella multocida. Although total area under plasma drug concentration time curve was higher through the i.v. route, mean residence time and metabolic conversion ratio was higher following administration by the i.m. route indicating longer persistence of the drug in body. Overall i.m. bioavailability of the parent compound with its metabolite was found to be 91%. Upon, Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic integration, all the parameters indicated significant antibacterial activity. It can be concluded that the dose of enrofloxacin used in the present study can be administered to contain infections caused by P. multocida and E. coli in buffalo calves.
Rrp6: Integrated roles in nuclear RNA metabolism and transcription termination
Authors: Fox Melanie J. , Mosley Amber L. 
Published: November 2015

The yeast RNA exosome is a eukaryotic ribonuclease complex essential for RNA processing, surveillance, and turnover. It is comprised of a barrel‐shaped core and cap as well as a 3′–5′ ribonuclease known as Dis3 that contains both endo‐ and exonuclease domains. A second exonuclease, Rrp6, is added in the nucleus. Dis3 and Rrp6 have both shared and distinct roles in RNA metabolism, and this review will focus primarily on Rrp6 and the roles of the RNA exosome in the nucleus. The functions of the nuclear exosome are modulated by cofactors and interacting partners specific to each type of substrate. Generally, the cofactor TRAMP (Trf4/5–Air2/1–Mtr4 polyadenylation) complex helps unwind unstable RNAs, RNAs requiring processing such as rRNAs, tRNAs, or snRNAs or improperly processed RNAs and direct it toward the exosome. In yeast, Rrp6 interacts with Nrd1, the cap‐binding complex, and RNA polymerase II to aid in nascent RNA processing, termination, and polyA tail length regulation. Recent studies have shown that proper termination and processing of short, noncoding RNAs by Rrp6 is particularly important for transcription regulation across the genome and has important implications for regulation of diverse processes at the cellular level. Loss of proper Rrp6 and exosome activity may contribute to various pathologies such as autoimmune disease, neurological disorders, and cancer. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:91–104. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1317This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Processing > 3' End Processing
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
To edit or not to edit: regulation of ADAR editing specificity and efficiency
Authors: Deffit Sarah N. , Hundley Heather A. 
Published: November 2015

Hundreds to millions of adenosine (A)‐to‐inosine (I) modifications are present in eukaryotic transcriptomes and play an essential role in the creation of proteomic and phenotypic diversity. As adenosine and inosine have different base‐pairing properties, the functional consequences of these modifications or ‘edits’ include altering coding potential, splicing, and miRNA‐mediated gene silencing of transcripts. However, rather than serving as a static control of gene expression, A‐to‐I editing provides a means to dynamically rewire the genetic code during development and in a cell‐type specific manner. Interestingly, during normal development, in specific cells, and in both neuropathological diseases and cancers, the extent of RNA editing does not directly correlate with levels of the substrate mRNA or the adenosine deaminase that act on RNA (ADAR) editing enzymes, implying that cellular factors are required for spatiotemporal regulation of A‐to‐I editing. The factors that affect the specificity and extent of ADAR activity have been thoroughly dissected in vitro. Yet, we still lack a complete understanding of how specific ADAR family members can selectively deaminate certain adenosines while others cannot. Additionally, in the cellular environment, ADAR specificity and editing efficiency is likely to be influenced by cellular factors, which is currently an area of intense investigation. Data from many groups have suggested two main mechanisms for controlling A‐to‐I editing in the cell: (1) regulating ADAR accessibility to target RNAs and (2) protein–protein interactions that directly alter ADAR enzymatic activity. Recent studies suggest cis‐ and trans‐acting RNA elements, heterodimerization and RNA‐binding proteins play important roles in regulating RNA editing levels in vivo. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:113–127. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1319This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Recognition
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
Clinical Application of Fiber Visualization with LIC Maps Using Multidirectional Anisotropic Glyph Samples (A-Glyph LIC)
Authors: Höller M. , Ehricke H.-H. , Synofzik M. , Klose U. , Groeschel S. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Recently, a fiber visualization method for high-angular resolution diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data was proposed using a multiple-kernel line integral convolution (LIC) algorithm and an anisotropic spot pattern. This processing routine leads to high contrast color-coded LIC maps that are capable of visualizing local anisotropy information and regional fiber architecture. In this paper, we evaluate and validate this method by applying it to simulated datasets and to in vivo diffusion MRI data of children and adults with different disease conditions and healthy volunteers. Compared to routine clinical fiber visualization (color-coded fractional anisotropy, FA maps, and fiber tractography), it has the advantage of visualizing complex local fiber architecture in a fully automated way. The results indicate that this method is capable of reliably delineating normal fiber architecture and fibers infiltrated, displaced, or disrupted by lesions and is therefore a promising tool in the clinical context.
Random Mixing: An Approach to Inverse Modeling for Groundwater Flow and Transport Problems
Authors: Bárdossy András , Hörning Sebastian 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a novel methodology for inverse modeling of groundwater flow and transport problems in a Monte Carlo framework, i.e., multiple solutions to the inverse problem are generated. The methodology is based on the concept of random mixing of spatial random fields. The conditional target hydraulic transmissivity field is obtained as a linear combination of unconditional spatial random fields. The corresponding weights of the linear combination are selected such that the spatial variability of the hydraulic transmissivities as well as the actual observed transmissivity values are reproduced. The constraints related to the hydraulic head and contaminant concentration observations are nonlinear. In order to fulfill these constraints, a specific property of the presented approach is used. A connected domain of fields fulfilling all linear constraints is identified. This domain includes an infinite number of realizations, and in this domain, the head and concentration deviations are minimized using standard continuous optimization techniques. The methodology uses spatial copulas to describe the spatial dependence structure. A combination with multiple point statistics allows inversion under specific structural constraints.
Chemoradiatie bij het spierinvasieve blaascarcinoom
Authors: Meijer Richard P. 
Published: November 2015

Samenvatting
Bij steeds meer tumortypen wordt een multimodulaire behandeling toegepast, bestaande uit systeemtherapie (neoadjuvante chemotherapie) gecombineerd met lokale therapie (chirurgie of radiotherapie), om de prognose te verbeteren. Voor patiënten met een spierinvasief blaascarcinoom, biedt een multimodulaire therapie middels transurethrale tumorresectie, gevolgd door chemoradiatie, een blaassparende behandelmogelijkheid. Door deze behandeling zal een aanzienlijke groep ook op langere termijn een goede ziektevrije overleving hebben, een goede blaasfunctie behouden en slechts beperkte gastro-intestinale klachten ervaren. Echter, een nauwgezette follow-up met beeldvorming en cystoscopie zal nodig zijn om eventuele recidiefziekte tijdig op te sporen en te kunnen behandelen.
De Bosniak-classificatie voor niercysten: tijd voor een volgende verandering?
Authors: Lamers Romy E.D. , Zaccai Kèren , Schoots Ivo G. , Verhagen Paul C.M.S. 
Published: November 2015

Samenvatting
In 1986 introduceerde Morton Bosniak een classificatie voor niercysten gebaseerd op computed tomography (CT). In de loop der jaren is de classificatie enkele keren aangepast. Nu zijn er vijf categorieën (I, II, IIF, III en IV). Bij categorie I en II is er geen controle of behandeling nodig, bij IIF is het advies surveillance, bij III en IV wordt behandeling geadviseerd. Interobservervariabiliteit wordt slechts in enkele studies gerapporteerd en is hoog. Recentere publicaties incorporeren een MRI-scan en contrastechografie in de Bosniak-classificatie. Beide zijn voor het vaststellen van doorbloeding gevoeliger dan een CT-scan en kunnen daarom leiden tot upgrading. Bij een Bosniak III-cyste is er in ongeveer de helft van de gevallen sprake van een maligniteit. Het betreft dan meestal cysteuze niercelcarcinomen, die klinisch milder verlopen dan solide tumoren. In onze ogen zijn er goede argumenten om bij Bosniak III-cysten < 4 cm surveillance toe te passen, net zoals tot nu toe gebruikelijk is bij Bosniak IIF. Het risico op tumorprogressie is bij Bosniak III-tumoren zeer klein en overbehandeling wordt beperkt. Het wordt dan wel belangrijk om het onderscheid tussen categorie III en IV preciezer te definiëren.
Results of the 2015 AORN Salary and Compensation Survey
Authors: Bacon Donald R. , Stewart Kim A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAORN conducted its 13th annual compensation survey for perioperative nurses in June and July 2015. A multiple regression model was used to examine how a number of variables, including job title, education level, certification, experience, and geographic region, affect nurse compensation. Comparisons between the 2015 data and data from previous years are presented. The effects of other forms of compensation (eg, on‐call compensation, overtime, bonuses, shift differentials, benefits) on base compensation rates also are examined. Additional analyses explore the effect of the economic downturn on the perioperative work environment.
Guideline Implementation: Radiation Safety
Authors: Fencl Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBecause radiologic technology is used in a variety of perioperative procedures and settings, it is essential for perioperative RNs to be knowledgeable of the risks related to radiation and the ways to adequately protect patients and health care providers from unintended radiation exposure. The updated AORN “Guideline for radiation safety” provides guidance on preventing injury from ionizing radiation exposure during therapeutic, diagnostic, and interventional procedures. This article focuses on key points of the guideline to help perioperative personnel practice radiation safety. The key points address the requirements for an organization's radiation safety program, measures used to keep radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable, proper handling and testing of radiation protection devices, and considerations for protecting employees and patients who are pregnant and who will be exposed to radiation. Perioperative RNs should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance when writing and updating policies and procedures.
Free Flap Procedures for Reconstruction After Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Kini Erin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPatients with head and neck cancer are seeking improved surgical procedures to avoid severe defects that result from head and neck cancer resection. Free flap reconstruction provides vascularized tissue that has been transferred from a distant donor site on a patient's body to a recipient site, markedly improving wound closure and protecting structures of the head and neck. This article discusses free flap procedures for reconstruction after head and neck cancer resection, including the following procedure phases: airway protection and neck dissections, tumor resection, flap harvest, microvascular anastomosis of the flap, and reconstruction and closure. The article also explains specific risk factors for patients undergoing free flap procedures that have been identified in the literature and include procedure length, hypothermia, and pressure injuries. Each of these factors is discussed regarding its specific effect on this patient population, and the nursing interventions to reduce these risks are identified.
Neonatal hyperoxia induces alterations in neurotrophin gene expression
Authors: Sengoku T. , Murray K.M. , Wilson M.E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEach year in the United States, nearly 500,000 infants a year are born prematurely. Babies born before 35 weeks gestation are often placed on ventilators and/or given supplemental oxygen. This increase in oxygen, while critical for survival, can cause long‐term damage to lungs, retinas and brains. In particular, hyperoxia causes apoptosis in neurons and alters glial activity. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are members of the neurotrophin family of proteins that function to promote the growth, differentiation and development of the nervous system. We hypothesized that hyperoxia can alter the regulation of these genes and by doing so adversely affect the development of the brain. We predicted that mice exposed to hyperoxic conditions would have differences in BDNF and GDNF mRNA expression and relative level of methylated promoter regions coinciding with differences in the relative levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3a mRNA expression. To test this hypothesis, newborn C57Bl/6 mice and their littermates were placed in hyperoxic or normoxic conditions from postnatal day 7 to 12. There were significant decreases in BDNF mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex following hyperoxia, but a significant increase in the isocortex. GDNF mRNA expression was significantly increased in both the isocortex and prefrontal cortex following hyperoxia. DNMT1 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the isocortex but significantly increased in the prefrontal following hyperoxia. Together these data suggest that short‐term exposure to hyperoxic conditions can affect the regulation and expression of BDNF and GDNF potentially leading to alterations in neural development.
Direct topological factorization for topological flows
Authors: MEYEROVITCH TOM 
Published: November 2015

This paper considers the general question of when a topological action of a countable group can be factored into a direct product of non-trivial actions. In the early 1980s, D. Lind considered such questions for $\mathbb{Z}$-shifts of finite type. In particular, we study direct factorizations of subshifts of finite type over $\mathbb{Z}^{d}$ and other groups, and $\mathbb{Z}$-subshifts which are not of finite type. The main results concern direct factors of the multidimensional full $n$-shift, the multidimensional $3$-colored chessboard and the Dyck shift over a prime alphabet. A direct factorization of an expansive $\mathbb{G}$-action must be finite, but an example is provided of a non-expansive $\mathbb{Z}$-action for which there is no finite direct-prime factorization. The question about existence of direct-prime factorization of expansive actions remains open, even for $\mathbb{G}=\mathbb{Z}$.