bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Eclampsia in Qatar 1991: 2000
Authors: Sharara H. A. , Othman S. Y. 
Published: February 2016

Objective: To measure the incidence and risk factors of eclampsia, establish how often it is preceded by preeclampsia, detect the clinical characteristics of women developing eclampsia, document the morbidity associated with eclampsia, determine the maternal case fatality rate and review the clinical features and management of this condition.
Method: A retrospective review of all cases of eclampsia which were managed in the Women's Hospital in the State of Qatar in the period between January 1991 to December 2000. Details were collected by reviewing the files of the patients from the medical record. Data were analyzed by either x2 analysis or the unpaired student “t” test as appropriate.
Result: Thirty nine cases of eclampsia were notified. The incidence of eclampsia in Qatar was 4.1 /10,000 maternities. Fourteen women (36%) had no antenatal care (ANC). However most convulsions occurred despite ANC (64%) and within one week of the woman's last visit to a doctor (58%). Thirty nine percent of the first seizures occurred in hospital, of which 23% developed before both proteinuria and hypertension had been developed. Twenty three percent of eclampsia occurred postpartum (PP), 51% antepartum (AP), and the remainder (26%) intrapartum (IP). There was no maternal fatality in Qatar but 23% of all women had at least one major complication. The rate of still birth (SB) andfirst week neonatal death (NND) was 76.2/1000 and 83.6/1000 respectively and the perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) was 153.8/1000. Preterm eclampsia was more common than term eclampsia (74% V 26%). Preterm eclampsia occurred more commonly AP (66%) and was associated with more maternal complications (26%) and fetuses that were small for gestational age (34%) as well as with higher rates of SB (10%) and first week NNDs (14%).
Conclusion: Eclampsia occurs in nearly one in 4000 maternities in Qatar and is associated with high incidence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Antepartum onset carries greater risks and preterm eclampsia is particularly dangerous to both mother and fetus.
Selected Abstracts From Other Journals
Authors: Hammoudeh M. , Gehani A. A. 
Published: February 2016

Objective: To define forces of youth soccer ball heading (headers) and determine whether heading causes retinal hemorrhage.
Setting: Regional Children's Hospital, youth soccer camp.
Patients: Male and female soccer players, 13 to 16 years old, who regularly head soccer balls.
Measurements: Dilated retinal examination, after 2-week header diary, and accelerometer measurement of heading a lofted soccer ball.
Results: Twenty-one youth soccer players, averaging 79 headers in the prior 2 weeks, and 3 players who did not submit header diaries lacked retinal hemorrhage. Thirty control subjects also lacked retinal hemorrhage. Seven subjects heading the ball experienced linear cranial accelerations of 3.7±1.3g. Rotational accelerations were negligible.
Conclusions: Headers, not associated with globe impact, are unlikely to cause retinal hemorrhage. Correctly executed headers did not cause significant rotational acceleration of the head, but incorrectly executed headers might.
Pregnancy Outcome in Grand and Great Grand Multiparity
Authors: Ahmed B. I. , Kenyab N. , Saleh N. , Azzam A. , Almohandi H. 
Published: February 2016

Objective: To study the obstetric performance and neonatal outcome of patients of extreme multiparity, Para 10 and more, compared to control group of Para 2 to 4.
Study Design: It is a retrospective comparative study. Data were collected from Medical Records ofpatients during the period from January-December 2000. The total number of deliveries during that period was 10,999. 240 patients records were reviewed, 120 records in each group.
Result: The incidence of great-grand multiparity was 1.09%. The incidence of lack of perinatal care among great grand multipara was statistically significant. However; there are no differences in the perinatal morbidity and mortality; also there was no difference in the rate of instrumental delivery and mal-presentation in the two groups. The duration of pregnancy is similar in the two groups. There was no difference in incidence of antepartum hemorrhage, rate of caesarean section rate. However; the only statically significant difference in the two groups was the increased incidence of large babies (macrosomia).
Conclusion: This study showed that extreme grand multiparity carry the added risk of macrosomia (> 4000mg), this was not reflected on any adverse perinatal outcome. However, the number of patients in this study is limited and it is difficult to draw firm conclusion.
Distribution of Risk Factors in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Ahwal M. S. , Al Ghamdi A. A. 
Published: February 2016

Objective: To identify the risk factors for Colorectal Cancer (CRC) at King AbdulAziz University Hospital (KAUH) in the western region of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: Clinical, pathological and risk factors data of all patients with CRC managed at KAUH, over a 10 years period (1993-2002) were collected and analyzed retrospec-tively. Risk factors, were then correlated with sex and race (Saudis vs Non- Saudis).
Results: Out of 90 patients evaluated, 5 were excluded because of incomplete data. Out of 85 patients, 45 (52.9%) patients were males, 40 (47.1%) females, 33 (38.8) Saudis and 52 (61.2%) were Non-Saudis. The Majority were Asians; 81 out of 85patients (95.3%) and4African (4.7%). Comparisons between males and females revealed no dif-ference for all the following risk factors; familial causes, polyps, Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), High fat low fiber diet, Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) use and Obesity. Comparisons between Saudis and Non-Saudis revealed no difference in all mentioned risk factors except for familial causes which was found higher among Saudis versus Non-Saudis (15.2% vs 1.9%, P = 0.031).
Conclusions: Risk factors for CRC are present in this study population especially dietary habits and obesity. Fa-milial risk factors were higher among Saudis than Non Saudis. The relative high frequency of some risk factors calls for family screening and surveillance.
A Social Profile on a Sample of Obese Adults in Baghdad City
Authors: Lafta R. , Hayyawi A. H. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Obesity should be recognized as a primary medical condition that is progressive, chronic and relaps-ing. Simply, obesity refers to an excess of body fat or adi-posity. The aim of this study is to explore some variables of social aspect of Iraqi obese.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four medical centers in Baghdad city from 15th October 2002 through February 2003. A sample of (400) adult obese aged (20-60)years of both sexes with inclusion and exclu-sion criteria was studied. A socio-demography data were collected by direct interview technique. Height and weight were measured, Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and subject of 30kg/m2 and more were considered as obese. Obese were classified into three classes.
Results: The peak of obesity (34%) was found at age (40-49) years. BMI distribution significantly associated with educational level of male but not of female. Marital state showed significant relationship with different classes of obesity for female but not for male. Obesity has no sig-nificant association with social relationships. The feeling of social acceptance was strongly associated with the de-gree of obesity. There was a significant difference between both sexes in their trials for dieting.
Conclusion: Both sexes of different age groups are affected with increased prevalence in middle age group. Obese have ordinary social relationship with others and a normal sexual relationship with partners. The obese con-sider obesity as being unwanted or dangerous status, still their trials to lose weight are not convincing. There are many barriers for not exercising in Iraqi obese.
The Effect of Collagen Removal on Penetration Depth of Dentin Adhesive System
Authors: Hieaway A. T. , Al Rubayi A. , Al Kaisy K.S. 
Published: February 2016

Thirty sound human upper premolars were used to evaluate the in vitro effect of collagen removal from the acid-etched dentin surface on the penetration depth of three types of dental adhesive systems. Standardised buccal and lingual class V cavities were made and the teeth were then subdivided randomly into six groups five teeth each. Three types of dental adhesive systems were used (syntac sprint, Vivadent-Liechtenstein. Syntac single component, Vivadent-Liechtenstein. PQ1> Ultra Dent-USA). The bonds were used with and without deproteinization (10% Sodium hypochlorite for one minute). The highest mean of penetration depth (10.15 jl) was recorded in the group where the PQ1 bond was used on acid-etched and NaOCl-treated dentin. The lowest mean of penetration depth (5.77jl) was recorded where the Syntac Single Component bond was used on the acid-etched dentin surface.
Conclusion: A one minute application of 10% sodium hypochlorite on conditioned dentin significantly increases the penetration depth regardless of the type of adhesive system used. Alcohol-containing systems showed the greatest penetration.
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: Incidence, Clinical Profile and Long-Term Prognosis in Qatar
Authors: Qaddoura R. H. , Hamad A. I. , Al Mansouri F. A. , El Shafei M. M. , Al Mannaei F. A. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is the most common optic neuropathy in patients over the age of 50 years. It has variable clinical features, prognosis and associated risk factors. As far as we know there are no published data about ION from other Arabic countries.
Objective: We describe the clinical presentation, associated risk factors and the prognosis in patients presenting to our hospital and compare our findings with USA studies.
Methods: In a hospital-based prospective study, consecutive patients with a diagnosis of ION seen between January 2001 and December 2004 were included. Detailed neuro-ophthalmic evaluation, laboratory and neuroradiological investigations were performed in all patients. The patients were followed up at the clinic for mean period of 18 months.
Results: Twenty-six patients, 21 males and 5 females (male to female ratio 4.2:1) were enrolled. Mean age was 50.3years. The incidence was calculated as 1/100,000/year. Anterior ION was the commonest type (88%). Vascular risk factors were common; e. g. diabetes mellitus (DM) (58%), hypertension (HTN) (42%), hypercholesterolemia (10%). Prevalence of disc-at-risk (small or absent physiological cup) was (16%) and of temporal arteritis was uncommon (4%). Brain MRI showed ischemic vascular changes in (29%).
Conclusion: The incidence of ION in Qatar is much less and showed male predominance when compared with data from USA. Anterior non-arteritic ION is the commonest type. Vascular risk factors were more common while prevalence of disc at-risk and temporal arteritis was less compared to USA studies while DM was higher. Therefore, controlling risk factors may reduce the incidence of ION.
Osteonecrosis Characteristics in Qatar
Authors: Sarakbi H. A. , Hammoudeh M. 
Published: February 2016

Osteonecrosis (ON) is a disease with significant morbidity, it is associated with multiple diseases. The aim of this study was to find out the characteristics of ON in Qatar.Methods: this is a retrospective study done at Hamad Medical Corporation, which is the main hospital in Qatar (Arabian Gulf) with 1300- bed capacity. Inpatients records from 1993 to 2003 with the diagnosis of ON and avascular necrosis (AVN) were reviewed. Patients’ characteristics were recorded.Results: 40patients records were reviewed;only 38 had complete records, the other two incomplete files excluded from the study. The patients'age ranged from 9 to 69 years old, 22 males and 16 female. Twenty patients were Qataris and eighteen were non-Qatari, Time to diagnosis ranged from six days to two years. Forty-seven total joints were affected (more than one joint was affected in eight patients). The hip was the most common site involved 39/ 47 and eight were a non-hip (four knees, three ankles and one wrist). Six (15.7%) patients were on steroids. Associated diseases were as follows: five (13%) patients had sickle cell anemia, seven (18.4%) patients had trauma, four (10.5%) patients had hematological diagnosis (one leukemia, one protein C deficiency, one polycythemia vera (PCV), and one TTP. One (2.6%) had nephrotic syndrome, one had reticular sarcoma of the femur; one had Hodgkin lymphoma with radiation, one patient had polymyositis, one had rheumatoid arthritis and one had systemic lupus erythematosus with nephritis. In 12 patients (31.5%) no obvious cause were found.Conclusions: this is the first study on ON in Qatar, there were some differences of the characteristics of our patients compared to others; notably less trauma and alcohol associations and more hematological association, this study may represent a local demographic data of ON in this region.
Maternal Intrapartum Antibiotic Use and Severity of Neonatal Infection in Qatar: A hospital-based cohort study
Authors: Lutfi S. A. , Salameh K. M. , Al Rifai H. A. , El Shafie E. 
Published: February 2016

To study the effect of intrapartum antibiotics on neonatal mortality and morbidity for infants with cultureproven neonatal sepsis the records were reviewed of all live born infants with culture positive neonatal septicemia admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Women's Hospital, Qatar between January 1st 2004 and April 30th 2005. Of 113 infants with culture-proven septicemia, 59 had received intrapartum antibiotics. Using univariate analysis, infants whose mothers had received intrapartum antibiotics were less likely to survive the septic episode (OR 0.09,95% CL 0.11-0.75, p = 0.009) and more likely to have severe septicemia (OR 4.38, 95% CI 1.74-11.02, p = 0.01) but gestational age adjusted estimates of survival and severe sepsis showed no difference between study and comparison groups. Being retrospective the study had certain limitations in variables but there is no clear evidence that intrapartum use of antibiotics plays a direct role in increasing mortality in septicemic infants.
Prolactin-Producing Adenoma. Clinical Presentation in Adult Sudanese Patients
Authors: Idris M. N. , Zibair M. A. , Salama H. A. , Ibrahim E. A. , Mirgani M. , Osman R. R. , Abadalatif M. , Sokrab T. O. 
Published: February 2016

Objectives: To describe the clinical features of prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma (prolactinoma) in adult patients.
Methods: In a prospective hospital-based study, adult patients with prolactinoma presenting to the National Center for Neurological diseases and the National Center for cancer in Khartoum, Sudan were enrolled in the period from January 2001 to February 2005. The diagnosis was based on finding a pituitary adenoma on cranial MRI and an associated elevated blood prolactin level above 200 pig/L. The size of the adenoma was classified as either microadenoma ( < 10 mm without sellar enlargement or extrasellar extension) ormacroadema (>10 mm). The hormone profile done on each patient included blood level of prolactinand other pituitary trophic hormones, free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine hormones.
Results: Sixteen (14 females and 2 males) were identified as having a prolactinoma. The female to male ratio was 7:1. Their mean age was 24 ± 5.1 years. The prolactinoma was macroadenoma in 9 cases and microademoma in 7. Galactorrhea, amenorrhea and infertility (primary or secondary) were the commonest presenting symptom followed by headache. Affection of the visual pathway, either as bitemporal hemianopia (41.2%) or optic atrophy (11.8%), was the major neurological deficit. The mean prolactin level in macroadenoma was 2053 ± 442.6 jig/L and in microadenoma was 853.6 ± 77.8 jig/L.
Conclusions: Our prolactinoma patients, when reaching the appropriate medical attention, are more likely having an expanded macroadeoma that is compromising the visual pathway. Early recognition and referral to specialized clinics is necessary and that should have a favorable prognostic implication.
Job Satisfaction and Stress Level of Primary Health Caregivers at Primary Health Centers in Qatar
Authors: Al Khalaf J.H. , Singh R. , Malallah M. , Al Jak E.A. 
Published: February 2016

Job satisfaction of Primary Health Caregivers is critical for the improvement of health systems. A cross-sectional study was conducted by means of a questionnaire to evaluate the job satisfaction and stress in 323 Primary Health Caregivers in Qatar, of whom 176 (54%) Physicians/General Practitioners responded. Similar numbers of males (85; 48%) and females (91; 52%) replied; most were non-Qatari, aged 30–45 years, married with children. The overall job satisfaction and stress were both below average. There were no significant differences in overall job satisfaction for nationality, sex, marital status and number of children, but female Qatari health caregivers were stressed more than their counterparts. There was a negative correlation between job satisfaction and stress level (r = − 0.29, p = 0.01). Qatari physicians were less satisfied with their salaries and the variety in their work and stress was greater in Qatari Health Caregivers than Non-Qatari counterparts.
Measles Outbreak in Qatar 2007
Authors: Ibrahim K. , Al Gibali O. , Sakran M. , Al Ansari K. 
Published: February 2016

To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristic of a measles outbreak in Qatar in 2007, the records of 21 2 confirmed cases of measles were analyzed retrospectively, confirmation being based on clinical suspicion of the disease with a positive measles IgM (170 cases) and /or exposure to a laboratory confirmed measles case during the infectious period (42 cases; epidemiologic link). Eighty five percent of the cases occurred between April and July. Seventeen percent were in infants < 1 year of age, 47% in children between 1-5 years of age, 24% in school age children < 10 year of age and 1 2% in children >10 years old. Vaccinations were up to date in 60% of cases, second dose missed in 30% and no vaccination in 10% because of travel outside the country, concurrent illness, or lack of transportation. Thirty one percent of the cases required admission, with a mean hospital stay of four days. Cases were reported predominantly in Pakistani and Qatari patients, living mainly in three areas within the capital, Abu Hammour, Al Rayyan, and Al Mamuora.
Conclusion: Status of vaccination in Qatar needs careful analysis and the vaccination schedule should be reviewed. Early administration of vaccine, increasing community awareness, a well-coordinated school-based immunization program and immunization campaigns are required to prevent future outbreaks.
Screening for Blood Lead Levels in Basrah, Southern Iraq
Authors: Al Naama L.M. , Hassan M.K. , Hehdi J.K. , Al Sadoon I.O. 
Published: February 2016

A prospective study over six months (from 1 July to 31 December 2002) measured the level of blood lead in individuals attending Primary Health Centers in the center District of Basrah Governorate. Six hundred and two individuals were selected randomly from those attending seventeen Primary Health Centers in the center of Basrah. Their ages ranged from 9-79 years. Of 602, Twenty six, 15 years of age or younger had mean blood lead levels (BLL) of 12.62+3.85 ug/ dl, those older than 15 years had levels of 11.20+3.4 ug /dl (p < 0.05). Males of different age groups showed a statistically significantly higher BLL compared to females (13.25+3.25 and 10.10+2.96 ug/ dl respectively), p < 0.0001. The center of Basrah was divided into 11 main areas; there was a statistically significant difference in BLL among individuals living in different areas, ranging from 7.26+2.81 |jg/ dl to 12.76+3.63 ug/dl. Individuals with higher education and smokers showed higher BLL (12.10+3.54 ug/dl, 13.81+3.57 ug/dl respectively) compared to those of lower education and non-smokers (11.11+3.23 ug/ dl, 10.93+3.26 ug/dl respectively), the differences were statistically significant. The sources of drinking water and frequency and amount of milk consumed/ week did not show a significant correlation with BLL. History of lead exposure (occupational) was statistically significantly associated with BLL (15.3+4.85 ug/ dl) for those exposed to higher concentration of lead compared to others (11.1 2+3.3 ug/dl), p < 0.0001. Amongst females using kohl (25.6%), the mean BLL was significantly higher (13.91+4.42 ug/dl), compared to non-users (9.88+2.68 ug/dl), p < 0.0001. No significant difference was observed among those exposed to paints. As adequate data on BLL in our country do not exist, especially for children, and as the number of children in this study was small, further studies are warranted to recognize the extent and risk factors for lead poisoning in children.
Outcome of Occlusion Treatment for Strabismic Amblyopia in Children Below 12 Years Old Age
Authors: Mahdi Al , Bener A 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjective:The aim of our study was to determine the related clinical factors affecting the outcome of occlusion treatment for Strabismic Amblyopia in Qatari children.Design:This is a retrospective descriptive study.Subjects and Methods: The study included 38 Qatari children with strabismic amblyopia who were treated with occlusion therapy. The survey was conducted among the Qatari children below 12 years of age during a 10 year period from 1992-2002. During this study period, 23 girls and 15 boys were treated for strabismic amblyopia.Results:A total of 38 Qatari children were treated during the 10 year period. Of these children, 39.5% were males and 60.5% females. After the treatment, it is found that their final visual acuity improved. 73.7% achieved 6/9 or more and 26.3% achieved less than 6/9. The initial visual acuity, the presence of anisometropia and compliance were found to be related to the outcome of amblyopia treatment. The age at the start of treatment was found unrelated to the outcome. It was further discovered that most vision loss from amblyopia can be reversed with the correct intervention.Conclusion:The results of the present study indicated that the main factors affecting the treatment of strabismic amblyopia are initial visual acuity, presence of anisometropia and compliance.
Growth Response to Growth Hormone (GH) Therapy in Children with and without GH Deficiency
Authors: Al Zyoud M. , Wegdee M. , Al Ali M. , Soliman A. , Al Humeedi N. , Al Khalaf F. 
Published: February 2016

The diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) needs consideration of both clinical and biological aspects such as auxological data, GH provocative tests and active metabolites of GH including IGF-I and IGFBP-3. In children with GHD, recombinant human GH (rhGH) replacement therapy has been used worldwide with minimal serious side effects. This study aimed to report the results of an investigations for GHD, to describe the growth responses to rhGH in deficient children compared to those without GH deficiency, to evaluate the relationship between clinical and biochemical responses, and to describe the experience of diagnosis and treatment with rhGH at Hamad General Hospital, the main hospital in Qatar where most short children are referred for further investigation. The clinical records of 116 short children were reviewed retrospectively. Forty-six failed the clonidine test and 42 of these also failed the glucagon test and were confirmed with GHD. These and 16 children without GDH were treated with rhGH (25 gg/kg/ day) and were evaluated in terms of growth response, HtSDS, changes of IGF-I concentration and the relationship between these parameters. Treatment with GH of short children with GHD does produce a satisfactory growth response but the HtSDS gain was significantly higher in those with GHD compared to children without GHD. Measurement of IGF-I was found not to be a useful diagnostic test in GHD.