bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Graphene Oxide Wrapped Mesoporous Hierarchical TiO2‐CdS as a Photoanode for High‐Performance Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Wang Chengxiang , Yuan Zhimin , Zhang Luyuan , Yin Longwei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Longwei Yin from Shandong University, China. The cover image shows the TiO2/CdS heterojunction structure on a reduced graphene oxide nanosheet, which serves as electron‐transport network and current‐collection board under solar radiation.
Spatiotemporal characterization of hydration process of asymmetric polymeric wound dressings for decubitus ulcers
Authors: Górska Anna , Dorożyński Przemyslaw , Węglarz Władysław P. , Jasiński Krzysztof , Kurek Mateusz , Jachowicz Renata , Klaja Jolanta , Kulinowski Piotr 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPressure ulcers belong to the most chalenging clinical problems. As hydration level of such wounds is important for optimal healing, preparation of new wound dressing (WD) materials for pressure ulcers requires thorough in vitro evaluation as prerequisite to final in vivo testing. The aims of the study were to: (a) develop a simple method of preparation of asymmetric polymeric membrane, (b) to propose a set of in vitro methods for membrane characterization during hydration. A polyvinyl alcohol asymmetric membrane with homogeneous skin layer and porous spongy layer was developed with nonadhesive properties and ability to absorb and retain the water. Complementary methods, including magnetic resonance imaging, allowed quantitative assessment of spatiotemporal aspects of membrane hydration, that is, global water uptake; swelling; local hydration in terms of proton density mapping; spatial distribution of T2 relaxation time; Young's modulus; piercing resistance. The proposed method of initial wound dressing evaluation seems to be promising to compare various WD formulations, to assess the time required to prepare WD membrane to be applied to the wound and to assess how long WD retains desired working properties. The developed asymmetric membrane seems to be a good candidate for further evaluation. It was found that: Young's modulus of hydrated membrane was comparable to those of human skin; asymmetrical structure was retained during the entire hydration period; each layer had its own distinct, hydration related, properties and their spatiotemporal evolution; relatively slow changes of membrane properties during the potential WD application time‐span of several hours was observed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 843–853, 2018.
Spatial Differences in the Distribution of Bone Between Femoral Neck and Trochanteric Fractures
Authors: Yu Aihong , Carballido-Gamio Julio , Wang Ling , Lang Thomas F , Su Yongbin , Wu Xinbao , Wang Manyi , Wei Jie , Yi Chen , Cheng Xiaoguang 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

There is little knowledge about the spatial distribution differences in volumetric bone mineral density and cortical bone structure at the proximal femur between femoral neck fractures and trochanteric fractures. In this case-control study, a total of 93 women with fragility hip fractures, 72 with femoral neck fractures (mean ± SD age: 70.6 ± 12.7 years) and 21 with trochanteric fractures (75.6 ± 9.3 years), and 50 control subjects (63.7 ± 7.0 years) were included for the comparisons. Differences in the spatial distributions of volumetric bone mineral density, cortical bone thickness, cortical volumetric bone mineral density, and volumetric bone mineral density in a layer adjacent to the endosteal surface were investigated using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based statistical parametric mapping (SPM). We compared these spatial distributions between controls and both types of fracture, and between the two types of fracture. Using VBM, we found spatially heterogeneous volumetric bone mineral density differences between control subjects and subjects with hip fracture that varied by fracture type. Interestingly, femoral neck fracture subjects, but not subjects with trochanteric fracture, showed significantly lower volumetric bone mineral density in the superior aspect of the femoral neck compared with controls. Using surface-based SPM, we found that compared with controls, both fracture types showed thinner cortices in regions in agreement with the type of fracture. Most outcomes of cortical and endocortical volumetric bone mineral density comparisons were consistent with VBM results. Our results suggest: 1) that the spatial distribution of trabecular volumetric bone mineral density might play a significant role in hip fracture; 2) that focal cortical bone thinning might be more relevant in femoral neck fractures; and 3) that areas of reduced cortical and endocortical volumetric bone mineral density might be more relevant for trochanteric fractures in Chinese women. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor is correlated with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wan Chunfu , Li Zhihua 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine secreted by macrophages. This study is performed to investigate whether serum MIF is correlated with atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsTotally, 186 AF patients and 103 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. AF patients were then divided into paroxysmal AF, persistent AF, and permanent AF subgroups.ResultsThere were higher serum MIF concentrations in AF patients than in healthy subjects. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that serum MIF was associated with AF. Permanent AF patients exhibited higher serum MIF concentrations than persistent and paroxysmal AF subgroups. Elevated serum MIF concentrations were found in persistent AF patients compared with paroxysmal AF patients. Moreover, serum MIF concentrations were associated with left atrial diameter after Spearman correlation analysis.
Comparison of three rapid influenza diagnostic tests with digital readout systems and one conventional rapid influenza diagnostic test
Authors: Ryu Sook Won , Suh In Bum , Ryu Se‐Min , Shin Kyu Sung , Kim Hyon‐Suk , Kim Juwon , Uh Young , Yoon Kap Jun , Lee Jong‐Han 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundRapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) show variable sensitivities in clinical settings. We aimed to compare three digital RIDTs and one conventional RIDT.MethodsWe assessed 218 nasopharyngeal swabs from patients between neonates and 90 years old in 2016. Three digital RIDTs were BUDDI, Sofia Influenza A+B Fluorescence Immunoassay, Veritor System Flu A+B assay. One conventional test was the SD Bioline Influenza Ag A/B/A(H1N1/2009). All test results were compared with those from the Anyplex Flu A/B Typing Real‐time Detection real‐time PCR. The four RIDTs were tested with diluted solutions from the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) to compare lower detection limit. Cross‐reactivity of four RIDTs within other respiratory viruses was identified.ResultsFor influenza A, BUDDI, Sofia, Veritor, and Bioline showed 87.7%, 94.5%, 87.7%, and 72.6% sensitivity, and 100%, 97.7%, 96.5%, and 100% specificity. For influenza B, BUDDI, Sofia, Veritor, and Bioline showed 81.7%, 91.7%, 81.7%, and 78.3% sensitivity, and 100%, 95.3%, 100%, and 100% specificity, respectively. Each RIDT could detect diluted NIBSC solution, according to the level of dilution and specific influenza subtypes. Cross‐reactivity of four RIDTs with other respiratory viruses was not noted.ConclusionsSofia showed the highest sensitivity for influenza A and B detection. BUDDI and Veritor showed higher detection sensitivity than a conventional RIDT for influenza A detection, but similar results for influenza B detection. Further study is needed to compare the test performance of RIDTs according to specific, prevalent influenza subtypes.
Age‐old care and support practices in Southern Africa functioning robustly as sophisticated social technology interventions
Authors: Ebersöhn Liesel , Loots Tilda , Mampane Ruth , Omidire Funke , Malan‐van Rooyen Marlize 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHigh‐need contexts, such as those in postcolonial Southern Africa, require interventions that provide psychosocial and socioeconomic care and support. This comparative case study uses the lens of indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) to supplement predominantly Western knowledge of care and support interventions. Participatory reflection and action (PRA) were used in 7 conveniently selected Southern African regions reflective of bounded systems with high adversity and likely to portray indigenous belief systems on a regional basis (n = 430; elders = 240; youth = 190; men = 150 and women = 280). Interactive PRA sessions, focusing on generating narratives about traditional care and support strategies, were recorded and analyzed. It emerged that the IKS care and support interventions still being practised are fundamentally relational and pragmatic pathways of resource management, and include reciprocal donations, shared savings in societies, and partnerships and borrowing/lending. Rather than being outdated vestiges of previous times, these age‐old structures continue to function as robust and sophisticated social technologies of care and support.
Diagnosis and treatment of macrocytic anemias in adults
Authors: Nagao Takayo , Hirokawa Makoto 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnemia is one of the most common health problems in the primary care setting. Macrocytosis in adults is defined as a red blood cell (RBC) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) >100 femtoliter (fL). Macrocytic anemias are generally classified into megaloblastic or nonmegaloblastic anemia. Megaloblastic anemia is caused by deficiency or impaired utilization of vitamin B12 and/or folate, whereas nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemia is caused by various diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), liver dysfunction, alcoholism, hypothyroidism, certain drugs, and by less commonly inherited disorders of DNA synthesis. Macrocytic anemias are treated with cause‐specific therapies, and it is crucial to differentiate nonmegaloblastic from megaloblastic anemia. Because MDS and myeloid neoplasms commonly affect the elderly, primary care physicians may encounter more cases of macrocytic anemias in the near future, as the older population increases. When MDS is suspected along with leukocytopenia and/or thrombocytopenia with anemia, a hematology consultation may be appropriate.
Efficacy of a new microvibration sensation measurement device at detecting diabetic peripheral neuropathy using a newly devised finger method
Authors: Danjo Junichi , Sawada Hideyuki , Uchida Keiji , Danjo Sonoko , Nakamura Yu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTo investigate the efficacy of the finger method using a new microvibration sensation measurement device in the evaluation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). A cross‐sectional study of 52 type 2 diabetic outpatients was performed. Patients were evaluated for DPN using American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, and the finger method. Patients were classified into probable DPN or non‐DPN groups, according to ADA criteria. The finger method measured peripheral neuropathy vibration (PNV) score of index and middle fingers using the new device in three procedures: PNV 1, PNV 4, and PNV 8. PNV scores ranged from 1 to 30 and were compared between the two groups. The PNV scores were significantly higher in the DPN group (P < .01). The PNV scores for right fingers of DPN and non‐DPN groups were 10.2 ± 7.4 and 3.4 ± 3.3 by PNV 1, 20 ± 4.9 and 10.7 ± 5.3 by PNV 4, and 23.2 ± 4.9 and 14.6 ± 7.8 by PNV 8. Our data suggest that the finger method performed with the new device is useful in the evaluation of DPN.
A cardiovascular prescreening protocol for unmonitored in‐office laryngology procedures
Authors: Madden Lyndsay L. , Ward John , Ward Anne , Young VyVy N. , Smith Libby J. , Lott David G. , Bryson Paul C. , Clary Matthew S. , Weissbrod Phillip A. , Bock Jonathan M. , Blumin Joel H. , Rosen Clark A. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesCurrently, there are no cardiovascular (CV) preprocedure screening parameters for patients undergoing in‐office laryngeal procedures (IOLP). Studies have shown significant changes in CV measures for IOLP. The aim was to develop and evaluate a pre‐IOLP CV screening protocol.MethodsReview of IOLP literature and consultation with an anesthesiologist and cardiologist led to the development of CV parameters and questions related to four metabolic equivalents (METS) of work as a patient‐screening tool before IOLP. A separate cohort was screened with only a modified CV protocol. All patients were screened for heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) elevation prior to the procedure. Need for further CV evaluation was characterized as systolic blood pressure BP >160, diastolic BP >100, and/or HR >110 beats/minute. Patients whose BP/HR exceeded these values were referred to their primary care physician (PCP) before re‐screening. If parameters were exceeded again at the second screen, then the procedure was done under monitored anesthesia care.ResultsThe first study phase included 56 patients. The fail rate was 40% largely related to four METS of work. The second study phase included 440 patients. The screen fail rate was 15 patients of 572 (2.6%). Of these, 12 patients of 132 (9.1%) failed the initial screen and were sent to their PCP for further evaluation, and five of 440 (1.4%) patients failed on the day of the procedure. Overall, five of 440 (1.5%) patients would qualify to have their site of service changed for their laryngology procedure from an unmonitored to a monitored setting due to the prescreening criteria.ConclusionFew patients needed further workup based upon the in‐office CV parameters set in this study. Patients with CV risk factors were identified by the screening protocol. Having established hemodynamic parameters in place may improve the safety of IOLP with a very low physician burden.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 127:1845–1849, 2017
Combined endonasal and eyelid approach for management of extensive frontal sinus inverting papilloma
Authors: Albathi Monirah , Ramanathan Murugappan , Lane Andrew P. , Boahene Kofi D. O. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesSinonasal inverting papilloma (IP) is a benign but locally aggressive mucosal neoplasm with a high recurrence rate. Extension into the frontal sinus presents surgical challenges for endonasal resection. This study presents an orbitofrontal approach for managing extensive IP.Study DesignCase series.MethodsFour patients seen between 2012 and 2016 with biopsy‐proven IP with lateral frontal sinus extension underwent a combined endonasal and transpalpebral approach for tumor resection.Patient demographic data, preoperative characteristics, imaging, and follow‐up data were compiled through retrospective chart review. Patients were selected for this approach when the tumor extended to the posterior frontal sinus wall, lateral frontal sinus recess, and orbit. Tumors were first approached endonasally until the frontal recess was reached. A Draf IIB or Draf III procedure was then performed to gain better exposure. Orbitofrontal exposure was achieved through an upper eyelid incision. Miniorbitofrontal craniotomy window was designed based on tumor location. Resection of the frontal and orbital extension was enhanced by endoscopic‐assisted dissection through the orbitofrontal window.ResultsThe transpalpebral approach provided access to all walls of the ipsilateral frontal sinus, the intersinus septum, and the medial aspect of the contralateral sinus. Complete tumor resection was achieved in all patients. There were no orbital complications, no visible eyelid asymmetry or scarring, and all patients had preserved forehead sensation. There were no recurrences on follow‐up.ConclusionCombining a transpalpebral orbitofrontal craniotomy with the endonasal approach allows complete resection of invasive IP with extension into the frontal sinus. This is achieved with great cosmetic results.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:3–9, 2018
Room Temperature Sensing Achieved by GaAs Nanowires and oCVD Polymer Coating
Authors: Wang Xiaoxue , Ermez Sema , Goktas Hilal , Gradečak Silvija , Gleason Karen 
Published: April 2017

Novel structures comprised of GaAs nanowire arrays conformally coated with conducting polymers (poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) or poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene‐co‐3‐thiophene acetic acid) display both sensitivity and selectivity to a variety of volatile organic chemicals. A key feature is room temperature operation, so that neither a heater nor the power it would consume, is required. It is a distinct difference from traditional metal oxide sensors, which typically require elevated operational temperature. The GaAs nanowires are prepared directly via self‐seeded metal–organic chemical deposition, and conducting polymers are deposited on GaAs nanowires using oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD). The range of thickness for the oCVD layer is between 100 and 200 nm, which is controlled by changing the deposition time. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates an edge‐on alignment of the crystalline structure of the PEDOT coating layer on GaAs nanowires. In addition, the positive correlation between the improvement of sensitivity and the increasing nanowire density is demonstrated. Furthermore, the effect of different oCVD coating materials is studied. The sensing mechanism is also discussed with studies considering both nanowire density and polymer types. Overall, the novel structure exhibits good sensitivity and selectivity in gas sensing, and provides a promising platform for future sensor design.
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Ion condensation onto self‐assembled nanofibers
Authors: Deiss‐Yehiely Elad , Ortony Julia H. , Qiao Baofu , Stupp Samuel I. , Olvera de la Cruz Monica 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTSelf‐assembled peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers are a class of supramolecular materials with promising applications in nanotechnology. Alignment of nanofibers, which is essential for biomaterials applications, is achieved at low salt concentrations in the PA nanofiber suspensions. Regardless of its importance, the effect of ion concentration on the properties of these nanostructures remains unexplored. Using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, canonical PA nanostructures are investigated to elucidate the relationship between counterion condensation and morphological changes. Simulations reveal that nanofibers with the highest cross‐section density have expanded radii. This expansion decreases the accessible volume for sodium counterions and diminishes the counterion translational entropy, while also reducing the total electrostatic potential. Interestingly, we show that the competition between these effects leads to a fraction of condensed counterions independent of the fiber radius. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 901–906
3D printed conductive patterns based on laser irradiation
Authors: Shin Injoo , Park Minsoo 
Published: April 2017

In recent years, there has been significant interest in simple and affordable technologies that produce 3D printed embedded electronics and interconnects, in order to increase the functionality of these structures. This study describes the development of 3D printing processes for conductive patterns using 3D printing of metal particle dispersed polymer. This fabrication method is based on 3D molded interconnect device (MID) technology with laser direct structuring. The pattern on 3D printed structure is selectively activated by laser ablation and acquires high conductivity after electroless plating. The method described can be used to directly print a variety of customized and fully‐functional product prototypes using a general ME (material extrusion)‐type polymer 3D‐printer based on laser irradiation.The schematic of the suggested manufacturing method. With proper laser processing, the surface of 3D printed substrate is selectively activated as a seed layer and acquires high conductivity after electroless plating.
Tightness–looseness: A new framework to understand consumer behavior
Authors: Li Ren , Gordon Sarah , Gelfand Michele J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPrevious cross‐cultural research in the field of consumer behavior has focused almost exclusively on cultural values. In this article, we expand on this tradition by integrating research on tightness‐looseness (TL)—the strength of social norms and tolerance for deviance—into consumer behavior research. We first examine how TL influences persuasion in advertising, suggesting that advertising themes in loose cultures will focus on the promotion of ideals, permissiveness, and norm deviance, whereas advertising themes in tight cultures will emphasize prevention focus, uniformity, and norm abidance. Next, we examine brand‐consumer relationships and product diffusion and discuss how they may vary across tight and loose cultures. Finally, we explore the implications of TL for consumer well‐being by examining different strategies for encouraging healthy decision‐making across tight and loose cultures. Taken together, the integration of TL and CB research constitutes an exciting frontier for theory, research, and practice.
Trust, Ethnicity and Integrity in East Africa: Experimental Evidence from Kenya and Tanzania
Authors: Burbidge Dominic , Cheeseman Nic 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPolitical economy comparisons of Kenya and Tanzania have often found the political salience of ethnicity to be far higher in the former than the latter, with a negative impact on intercommunal trust. This difference has tended to be explained on the basis of the different kinds of leadership that the two countries experienced after independence. However, these findings have typically been demonstrated using aggregate or survey data. This paper assesses the salience of ethnicity at the individual level for the first time, deploying monetized two-round trust games in urban Kenya and Tanzania. The experimental games isolate the comparative impact of common knowledge of ethnicity and integrity among a quasi-random selection of 486 citizens. Verifying previous findings, we observe higher levels of trust and trustworthiness in Tanzania as compared with Kenya. Further, in comparison with Kenya, any shared knowledge of ethnic identities in Tanzania leads players to transfer fewer resources, while common knowledge that both players are “honest” led to higher transfers there than in Kenya. These results provide robust evidence of higher levels of trust in Tanzania, and of the negative effect in that country of common knowledge of ethnicity on levels of cooperation. The findings demonstrate the way in which political context can shape the impact of ethnic diversity, and encourage further experimental research that looks at the intersubjective dynamics of social cooperation.