bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The financial needs vs. the realities of in situ conservation: an analysis of federal funding for protected areas in Brazil's Caatinga
Authors: de Oliveira Ana Paula Carneiro , Bernard Enrico 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn situ conservation is an effective strategy to protect biodiversity, and Brazil has one of the largest protected area (PA) systems in the world. However, the distribution of Brazilian PAs is uneven and the Caatinga drylands are poorly protected. As financial resources are essential for effectively managing PAs, we analyzed the Brazilian Government's budget allocated to 20 federal PAs in the Caatinga between 2008 and 2014, which ranged from 231,575 USD in 2008 to 13.5 Mi USD in 2011. Neither expenses, nor the availability of funds, were homogeneous among PAs or throughout the years. Land acquisition in a single PA consumed ~75% of the budget, and the two smallest PAs received proportionally the most money. Excluding land acquisition, the 20 PAs received 0.50 USD/ha/year. Funds were allocated not to biodiversity conservation per se but mainly to securing offices, cars, and equipment. From 2012 onwards, the PA budget was reduced. Even including salaries, the budget allocated for these PAs is ~13 times lower than what the Ministry of the Environment declared necessary for the basic operation of protected areas in Brazil, 1.5 times lower than values spent worldwide, up to 5 times lower than spent in Latin American and African parks, and up to 72 times lower than spent in the European Union, exposing one cause of the precarious situation of the Caatinga PAs.
Prognostic value of serum Epstein–Barr virus antibodies in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and undetectable pretreatment Epstein–Barr virus DNA
Authors: Yao Ji‐Jin , Lin Li , Jin Ya‐Nan , Wang Si‐Yang , Zhang Wang‐Jian , Zhang Fan , Zhou Guan‐Qun , Cheng Zhi‐Bin , Qi Zhen‐Yu , Sun Ying 
Published: June 2017

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Serum IgA antibodies against early antigen (EA‐IgA) and viral capsid antigen (VCA‐IgA) are the most commonly used to screen for NPC in endemic areas. However, the prognostic value of serum EA‐IgA and VCA‐IgA in patients with NPC is less clear. We hypothesize that serum EA‐IgA and VCA‐IgA levels have prognostic impact for survival outcomes in NPC patients with undetectable pretreatment EBV (pEBV) DNA. In this series, 334 patients with non‐metastatic NPC and undetectable pEBV DNA were included. Serum EA‐IgA and VCA‐IgA were determined by ELISA. After analysis, serum EA‐IgA and VCA‐IgA loads correlated positively with T, N, and overall stage (all P < 0.05). Serum EA‐IgA was not associated with survival outcome in univariable analyses. But patients with serum VCA‐IgA >1:120 had significantly inferior 5‐year progression‐free survival (80.4% vs 89.6%, P = 0.025), distant metastasis‐free survival (88.4% vs 94.8%, P = 0.050), and locoregional relapse‐free survival (88.4% vs 95.6%, P = 0.023; log–rank test). Multivariable analyses revealed that N stage was the only independent prognostic factor (all P < 0.05), but the VCA‐IgA became insignificant. Further analyses revealed that serum VCA‐IgA was not an independent prognostic factor in early N (N0–1) or advanced N (N2–3) stage NPC. In summary, although both EA‐IgA and VCA‐IgA correlate strongly with TNM stage, our analyses do not suggest that these antibodies are prognostic biomarkers in patients with NPC and undetectable pEBV DNA.
Prognostic significance of tumour regression grade after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for a cohort of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: an 8‐year retrospective single‐institutional study
Authors: Xu L. , Cai S. , Xiao T. , Chen Y. , Qiu H. , Wu B. , Lin G. , Sun X. , Lu J. , Zhou W. , Xiao Y. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimLocally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is frequently treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) to reduce the risk of local recurrence and improve survival. Tumour response to NACRT is variable and may influence the prognosis after subsequent surgery. This study compared the prognostic values of tumour regression grade (TRG) and neoadjuvant pathological (ypTNM) downstaging in patients with Stage II and III rectal cancer treated with NACRT followed by curative surgery.MethodThis study included 185 patients with LARC treated with long‐course radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions) plus 5‐fluorouracil over 5 weeks between 2005 and 2013. We used multivariate analysis to assess the relationship of Dworak's five‐tier TRG, ypTNM stage and ypTNM downstaging with clinicopathological factors, 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and 5‐year overall survival (OS).ResultsTotal regression (TRG4), good regression (TRG3), moderate regression (TRG2), minor regression (TRG1) and no regression (TRG0) were seen in 38 (20.6%), 65 (35.2%), 43 (23.2%), 28 (15.1%) and 11 (5.9%) patients, respectively. TNM downstaging following NACRT occurred in 109 (58.9%) patients. The 5‐year DFS rates after NACRT for TRG0, TRG1, TRG2, TRG3 and TRG4 were 0%, 58.5%, 66.4%, 80.4% and 82.6%, respectively (P < 0.001). The ypTNM stage correlated with 5‐year DFS (P = 0.004) but not 5‐year OS (P = 0.075). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that TRG was related to both DFS and OS (P < 0.001).ConclusionTRG measured on a five‐tier system was better than ypTNM stage for predicting outcome in patients with LARC treated with NACRT and surgery.
3D In vitro model of the re‐epithelialization phase in the wound‐healing process
Authors: Deshayes Nathalie , Bloas Fabienne , Boissout Florian , Lecardonnel Jennifer , Paris Maryline 
Published: June 2017

AbstractKeratinocytes of the basal layer function are to maintain tissue homoeostasis and to fulfil skin repair in response to an external aggression. In wound‐healing, during re‐epithelialization phase, epithelial precursor cells gradually migrate from the edges of the wound. The epidermal reconstruction model called standard model allows the vertical skin regeneration process (proliferation/differentiation) to being investigated, and keratinocyte function in preserving skin homoeostasis to being assessed. Here, we developed and characterized a 3D migration model, which introduces a step of keratinocytes migration such as the one observed in the phase of re‐epithelialization in wound‐healing process. We validated the added value and the discriminative potential of this model by demonstrating pro‐epithelializing effects of compounds. This new model allows the role of keratinocytes in different biomechanical and environmental requests to being better understood, and brings a new tool for compound screening and the study of mechanisms involved in skin regeneration.
Characterization of the chloroquine‐induced mouse model of pruritus using an automated behavioural system
Authors: Tarrasón Gema , Carcasona Carla , Eichhorn Peter , Pérez Bibiana , Gavaldà Amadeu , Godessart Núria 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPruritus is a major symptom of several dermatological diseases but has limited therapeutic options available. Animal models replicating the pathophysiology of pruritus are needed to support the development of new drugs. Induction of pruritus by chloroquine (CQ) in mice is widely used, although, as with similar models, it has low throughput and does not distinguish between antipruritic effects and confounding factors such as sedation. To overcome these issues, we incorporated into the model an automated system that measures both scratching and locomotor behaviour simultaneously. We combined this system with the determination of CQ levels in different tissues to understand the impact of the route of CQ administration on the pruritogenic response. We concluded that whereas oral CQ does not induce pruritus due to insufficient skin levels, the bell‐shaped curve of pruritus observed following subcutaneous administration is due to toxicity at high doses. We validated the model with several drugs currently used in humans: nalfurafine, aprepitant, cyproheptadine and amitriptyline. By comparing the effects of the drugs on both scratching and locomotor activity, we concluded that nalfurafine and aprepitant can exhibit efficacy at doses devoid of central effects, whereas central effects drove the efficacy of the other two drugs. This was further confirmed using non‐brain‐penetrant drugs. Moreover, as anticipated, anti‐inflammatory drugs showed no efficacy. In conclusion, the use of an automated integrated behavioural assessment in CQ‐induced pruritus makes the assay suitable for screening purposes and allows for a correct interpretation of the antipruritic effect of the compounds evaluated.
Benthic foraminifera contribution to fjord modern carbon pools: A seasonal study in Adventfjorden, Spitsbergen
Authors: Pawłowska J. , Łącka M. , Kucharska M. , Szymańska N. , Koziorowska K. , Kuliński K. , Zajączkowski M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the amount of organic and inorganic carbon in foraminifera specimens and to provide quantitative data on the contribution of foraminifera to the sedimentary carbon pool in Adventfjorden. The investigation was based on three calcareous species that occur commonly in Svalbard fjords: Cassidulina reniforme, Elphidium excavatum and Nonionellina labradorica. Our results show that the species investigated did not contribute substantially to the organic carbon pool in Adventfjorden, because they represented only 0.37% of the organic carbon in the sediment. However, foraminiferal biomass could have been underestimated as it did not include arenaceous or monothalamous taxa. Foraminiferal carbonate constituted up to 38% of the inorganic carbon in the sediment, which supports the assumption that in fjords where non‐calcifying organisms dominate the benthic fauna foraminifera are among the major producers of calcium carbonate and that they play crucial roles in the carbon burial process. The results presented in this study contribute to estimations of changes in foraminiferal carbon levels in contemporary environments and could be an important reference for palaeoceanographic studies.
Cooperative advertising programs: are accrual constraints necessary?
Authors: Chatterjee Punya , Karray Salma , Sigué Simon Pierre 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates how the use of an accrual constraint in a cooperative advertising program affects channel members' profits in a bilateral monopoly, as well as their pricing and advertising decisions. The main findings indicate that, compared to unconstrained cooperative advertising programs, when an accrual constraint is used and the manufacturer's contribution to the retailer's advertising costs exceeds the accrued cooperative advertising budget, the retailer reduces both her retail price and advertising efforts to the level where cooperative advertising is not offered; while the manufacturer also reduces his wholesale price and advertising efforts, but this time, the wholesale price remains higher than when there is no cooperative advertising. These strategic moves translate to less (more) profits for the manufacturer (retailer). The use of an accrual constraint is counterproductive for the manufacturer as the retailer uses the accrued advertising fund as a side payment rather than a direct incentive to invest more in advertising. The manufacturer and retailer are better off when unconstrained cooperative advertising programs are supplemented with other incentives, including side payments and advertising support services.
Thermal behavior of mullite between 4 K and 1320 K
Authors: Murshed Mohammad Mangir , Šehović Malik , Fischer Michael , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Schneider Hartmut , Gesing Thorsten M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe evolution of metric parameters of 2:1 and 3:2 mullites have been measured between 4 K and 1320 K using neutron and X‐ray powder diffraction. Negative thermal expansion was observed at low temperature for thea‐cell parameter and consequently for the cell‐volume, which is more pronounced for 2:1 mullite than those for 3:2 mullite. Each parameter is simulated using Grüneisen first‐order approximation for the zero pressure equation of state at 0 K, where the vibrational energy was calculated using microscopic approach. While theb‐ andc‐cell parameters require only one Debye term, a second Debye spectrum with negative Grüneisen parameter was required to fit thea‐cell parameter as well as the cell volume. At 4 K, 300 K and 1320 K the model, respectively, calculates the volume thermal expansion coefficients of 0.09x10−6K−1, 9x10−6K−1, and 17.3x10−6K−1for 2:1 mullite, and 0.09x10−6K−1, 8.7x10−6K−1, and 17.3x10−6K−1for 3:2 mullite. Temperature‐dependent Raman spectra and phonon density of states hint for the possible microscopic sources of the cell contraction at low temperature. A simple polynomial approach is presented to calculate the elastic stiffness coefficients of the 3:2 mullite, which are not available from experiments.
Aromatherapy Massage for Neuropathic Pain and Quality of Life in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Gok Metin Zehra , Arikan Donmez Ayse , Izgu Nur , Ozdemir Leyla , Arslan Ismail Emre 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to examine the effects of aromatherapy massage on neuropathic pain severity and quality of life (QoL) in patients suffering from painful diabetic neuropathy.Design and MethodsThis open‐label randomized controlled clinical study was conducted in a university hospital endocrine outpatient clinic in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 46 patients, randomly allocated to an intervention group (n = 21) and a control group (n = 25). The intervention group received aromatherapy massage three times per week for a period of 4 weeks. The control group received only routine care. Data were collected from patients using the Douleur Neuropathique questionnaire, the visual analog scale, and the Neuropathic Pain Impact on Quality of Life questionnaire.FindingsNeuropathic pain scores significantly decreased in the intervention group compared with the control group in the fourth week of the study. Similarly, QoL scores significantly improved in the intervention group in the fourth week of the study.ConclusionsAromatherapy massage is a simple and effective nonpharmacological nursing intervention that can be used to manage neuropathic pain and improve QoL in patients with painful neuropathy.Clinical RelevanceAromatherapy massage is a well‐tolerated, feasible, and safe nonpharmacological method that can be readily integrated into clinical settings by nursing staff. The essential oils rosemary, geranium, lavender, eucalyptus, and chamomile can be safely used by nurses in the clinical setting, if applicable. However, training and experience of nurses in aromatherapy massage is critical to achieving positive results.
Older Adult Residents' Perceptions of Daily Lives in Nursing Homes
Authors: Cho Eunhee , Kim Hyejin , Kim Jeongah , Lee Kyongeun , Meghani Salimah H. , Chang Soo Jung 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to explore older adults’ perceptions of their daily lives in South Korean nursing homes.DesignWe employed a qualitative descriptive study using semistructured interviews.MethodsWe conducted individual, semistructured interviews with 21 older adult residents from five nursing homes in South Korea and analyzed the data using thematic analysis.FindingsFive themes related to older adults’ perceptions of their daily lives in nursing homes emerged: enhanced comfort, aspiring to maintain physical and cognitive functions as human beings, desire for meaningful interpersonal relationships, feelings of confinement and limited autonomy, and acceptance of and adaptation to life in a facility. These themes indicated the positive and negative aspects of nursing home residence, and facilitators and challenges to enhancing older adult residents’ quality of life (QOL).ConclusionsPolicy, practice, and research endeavors are required to improve older adult residents’ QOL, such as adequate professional nursing care for physical and psychological comfort and residents’ health and functional status, sufficient activity programs and meaningful relationships, person‐centered care to enhance residents’ autonomy, and homelike environments.Clinical RelevanceThis study demonstrates that healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers should consider nursing home residents’ QOL to examine the quality of care within the setting and facilitate the development of appropriate strategies to improve QOL among this population.
Advice about infant feeding for allergy prevention: A confusing picture for Australian consumers?
Authors: Netting Merryn J , Allen Katrina J 
Published: June 2017

AimEarly feeding plays an important role in programming the immune system, particularly the risk of food allergy. There are many infant feeding guides published for consumers available in Australia, with most based on the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) 2012 Infant Feeding Guidelines for Health Workers and the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) Infant Feeding Advice for allergy prevention. We sought to compare allergy‐specific content of infant feeding educational material written for parents with these two documents.MethodsAustralian websites of children's hospitals, early child health organisations and consumer groups providing information about diet during pregnancy, breastfeeding and early infancy were compared with NHMRC and ASCIA guidelines.ResultsTwenty‐five sets of infant feeding information were identified. Food allergy was discussed in 18 resources. Recommended length of exclusive breastfeeding and timing of commencing solid foods was consistently around 6 months, with some variation in wording. Advice regarding to include and not delay introduction of common allergens into babies’ diets was generally consistent with NHMRC and ASCIA recommendations, however the audit identified some resources that still recommended delayed introduction of common allergens.ConclusionAs consumers have access to a plethora of health information it is imperative that information about infant feeding from health‐care authorities is simple, evidence‐based and consistent to avoid confusion. Use of consensus wording related to infant feeding guidelines to prevent allergies will provide clear messages related to the timing of introduction to solid foods and inclusion of allergens in the early diet.
Evaluation of the effects of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) in broiler diets
Authors: Pandi J. , Glatz P. , Forder R. , Komolong B. , Chousalkar K. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryCereal grains such as maize and wheat are used extensively in feed formulations for poultry as the primary source of carbohydrates. High cost of these grains in many developing countries necessitates the evaluation of other ingredients that are grown locally. Sweet potato is one such crop. The study was conducted as a proof of concept experiment to test the hypothesis that in the presence and absence of enzyme, sweet potato roots when included in diets of broiler chickens may affect the total metabolisable energy content of the diets which may exert certain influences on dry matter digestibility of these diets as well as impacting on production and certain gut parameters. A total of 120 chicks were raised on a commercial starter feed from day 0 to 19. On day 22, the birds were individually weighed and allocated to 96 single bird metabolism cages to conduct a 7‐day classical apparent metabolisable energy (AME) assay. The test diets contained 0% and 25% sweet potato flour (SPF) with and without enzyme supplementation (Rovabio Excel AP T‐flex) and replicated 24 times. AME of the control diet with and without enzyme was 14.05 and 13.91 MJ/kg whilst the AME of the SPF diets with and without enzymes were 13.45 and 13.43 MJ/kg respectively. AME of SPF was 12.08 MJ/kg. Birds fed the SPF had significantly reduced end weights (p = .002) and weight gains (p < .001) leading to significantly higher intake (p = .004) and FCRs (p < .001) in birds. These effects in growth parameters highlight the need to balance dietary protein and total amino acids when using SPF in broiler diets and may not be a negative effect of SPF per say as AME and dry matter digestibility of SPF diets were comparable to the control diet. The level of sucrase activity in the jejunum was significantly (p < .001) lower due to enzyme inclusion. Use of SPF in the current study did not negatively influence the activities of the brush border enzymes maltase and sucrase, gut morphology in the jejunum of broilers or the load of Enterobacteriaceae in the caecal of birds. This finding is promising in that the gut parameters associated with digestive capacity and gut health were not compromised with feeding of SPF to broilers.
The effect of feed supplementation with a copper‐glycine chelate and copper sulphate on selected humoral and cell‐mediated immune parameters, plasma superoxide dismutase activity, ceruloplasmin and cytokine concentration in broiler chickens
Authors: Jarosz Ł. S. , Marek A. , Grądzki Z. , Kwiecień M. , Kaczmarek B. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe varied bioavailability and different effects of organic forms of copper on the immune system of poultry have prompted the search for new feed additives based on copper compounds containing modified chelate complexes. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of inorganic and organic forms of copper on selected parameters of the cellular and humoral immune response in broiler chickens by determining the percentages of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ and CD25+ lymphocytes, cells with MHC Class II expression, and BU‐1+ cells, as well as the concentrations of SOD, IL‐2, IL‐10 and TNF‐α in the peripheral blood. The experiments were conducted using 500 one‐day‐old Ross 308 roosters divided into five groups. Cu was added in inorganic form (CuSO4), in inorganic form with the addition of phytase (CuSO4 + F), in organic form in combination with glycine (Cu‐Gly) and in organic form in combination with glycine and a phytase supplement (Cu‐Gly+F). The results of the study indicate an increase in the percentage of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD25+ T cells, and cells expressing MHC class II molecules, and in the concentration of ceruloplasmin, activity of superoxide dismutase and the concentration of IL‐2 in the groups that received copper, particularly copper‐glycine chelates. Based on the study, we can conclude that supplementation of poultry feed with copper chelates activates mainly the Th1 cellular immune response and the response of peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Furthermore, it promotes secretion of cytokines, which are involved in potentiation and regulation of the immune response in birds.