bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Look at Simultaneity
Authors: Peacock Kent A. 
Published: January 2016

In recent years there has been renewed discussion of the problem of temporal becoming (Maxwell 1985,1988; Dieks 1988; Stein 1991). The theme of this paper is that these discussions, timely and interesting as they are, do not go deeply enough into the question. I would like to suggest that a certain way of thinking about simultaneity, which as far as I know was first sketched in a science fiction novel by Robert A. Heinlein (1956), opens up a set of possibilities that deserve serious consideration.More precisely, I will address the following question: is there anything in the formal structure of Minkowski spacetime which corresponds to our intuitive albeit imprecise notion of a global “present”? It is generally assumed that because of the relativity of optical simultaneity the answer to this question is, resoundingly, no.
Scientific Explanation: From Covering Law to Covering Theory
Authors: Rohrlich Fritz 
Published: January 2016

The premise of the present paper is the primacy of understanding over
explanation. The question “is the act of explaining a goal in itself, or is
it a means to an end?” is here answered by “explaining is a pragmatic
concept and serves the purpose of responding credibly to a request for
understanding.” Explaining is secondary, understanding is primary.
Given this view of scientific explanation, one is faced with the
received view and the recent literature based on it. Models of explanation
cast into the covering law format do not necessarily ensure understanding,
nor do they necessarily provide sufficient information for
credibility.
After explicating this dissatisfaction (Section 2) I shall first clarify
what I mean by scientific theory, law, and model (Section 3) since these
concepts are crucial for the covering theory
model proposed in Section 4.
Newton's Opticks as Classic: On Teaching the Texture of Science
Authors: Sepper Dennis L. 
Published: January 2016

The opening paragraphs of Thomas Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions noted that different kinds of scientific writings have peculiar roles (Kuhn 1962). A textbook written for pedagogical purposes in a well-established scientific field gives a view of the field quite different from the actual history—an actual history that for the most part has to be reconstructed from the writings that originated the field. The originating writings correspond to the period of founding, to revolutionary science, whereas conventionalized textbooks belong to normal science.This is almost too well known to be rehearsed again. Certain works found a science, like Newton's Opticks or Watson and Crick's original papers on the double-helical structure of DNA; others come in their wake, not just textbooks used for beginners but all the future texts that contribute to the paradigm project embodied in the originals.
Meaning in a Material Medium
Authors: Baird Davis 
Published: January 2016

On September 3 and 4, 1821 Michael Faraday, age 30, performed a series of experiments which ultimately produced what were called “electromagnetic rotations.” Faraday showed how an appropriately organized combination of electric and magnetic elements would produce rotary motion. He invented the first electric motor.Faraday's work resulted in several “products.” He published several papers describing his discovery (Faraday 1821; 1821-2; 1822c). He wrote letters to many scientific colleagues (Faraday 1812-48, pp. 122-39). He built, or had built, several copies of an apparatus which, requiring no experimental knowledge or dexterity on the part of its user, would display the notable rotations (Faraday 1822a; 1822b). He shipped these to his scientific colleagues (Faraday 1812-48, pp. 128-9). It is this material product which I would like to focus on.For the presentation of this talk in New Orleans, I intended to have my own version of Faraday's first electric motor.
Enhancing disaster preparedness of specialty nurses on a national scale
Authors: Mitchell Marion L. , McKinnon Loretta , Aitken Leanne M , Weber Sarah , Birgan Sean , Sykes Sharon 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The number of disasters has increased by 30 per cent worldwide in the past 30 years. Nurses constitute the largest clinical group within a hospital and their ability to respond to disasters is crucial to the provision of quality patient care. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a four-year disaster preparedness partnership between two tertiary hospitals from the perspective of executive staff, senior clinical managers and specialist nurses. The national disaster response centre was situated in one hospital and the other hospital was located 3,500 km away.

Design/methodology/approach
– The intervention involved selected nurses working at the partner hospital to enable familiarisation with policies, procedures and layout in the event of a request for back-up in the event of a national disaster. A mixed-methods design was used to elicit the strengths and limitations of the partnership. Surveys, in-depth interviews and focus groups were used.

Findings
– In total, 67 participants provided evaluations including ten executive staff, 17 clinical management nurses and 38 nurses from the disaster response team. Improvements in some aspects of communication were recommended. The successful recruitment of highly skilled and committed nurses was a strength. A disaster exercise resulted in 79 per cent of nurses, able and willing to go immediately to the partner hospital for up to 14 days.

Research limitations/implications
– During the four year partnership, no actual disaster occurred that required support. This limited the ability to fully trial the partnership in an authentic manner. The disaster exercise, although helpful in trialling the processes and assessing nurse availability, it has some limitations.

Originality/value
– This innovative partnership successfully prepared specialist nurses from geographically distant hospitals for a disaster response. This together with a willingness to be deployed enhanced Australia’s capacity in the event of a disaster.
The role of urban planning and design in responding to climate change: the Brisbane experience
Authors: Kozlowski Marek , Yusof Yusnani Mohd 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the responses from the urban planning and design professions in Brisbane to the impacts of climate change and the implications of the 2011 flood. In the past decade, the ramifications of climate change have already left a scar on some of the urban regions round the world. The Australian continent has been regarded as one of the most affected regions in terms of climate change implications. The 2011 Queensland floods of historic proportion, which came after a decade of extreme drought, raised many questions about the future development of cities. For the past decades, Queensland’s economy was largely based on property-led development. The flood plain land situated along Brisbane River has been developed and overburdened with building infrastructure contributing to the magnification of the flood events.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research methodology is based on identification of the problem and the major objective. To address the objective, this study concentrated mainly on the use of qualitative research methods. The major qualitative research methods include literature review, qualitative analysis and observations. Brisbane, the capital of the Australian state of Queensland, has been selected as the case study area.

Findings
– The paper revealed strong regional and city-wide planning directives addressing climate change which has not yet been fully been translated at the local-neighbourhood level.

Originality/value
– This paper provides a deep insight analysis and evaluation of the design and planning measures currently used to combat the impacts of climate change.
Antecedents of online purchasing behaviour in the tourism sector
Authors: Berbegal-Mirabent Jasmina , Mas-Machuca Marta , Marimon Frederic 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of the paper is twofold. First, it investigates antecedents of online purchasing behaviour, taking into account the relationships between the constructs of service quality, perceived value and loyalty. Second, the study analyses up to what point men’s and women’s behaviours are similar.Design/methodology/approach– A survey was sent to the general public in Spain. Respondents were required to be consumers of online travel agencies. In total, 1,201 valid questionnaires were collected. No gender bias was detected in the sample. The data were analysed through Structural Equation Modelling to assess the proposed model. To determine non-invariant parameters across the two groups (men and women), a test for invariance was conducted.Findings– Both functional quality and hedonic quality are shown as antecedents for perceived value, and, in turn, perceived value impacts loyalty. The impact of loyalty on purchasing behaviour is significant, though weak. Gender differences are also examined and all parameters of the model are found to operate equivalently among men and women, indicating that both groups perform similarly.Practical implications– This paper highlights that the hedonic dimension of quality is important in adding value for customers. Accordingly, managers should reinforce this dimension and include it in their business strategy.Originality/value– Although the link between perceived quality and value-loyalty is well-established, there are still few studies that expand this link upstream or downstream. This paper analyses the next link in this chain.
Why should Indian businesses transition to Enterprise 2.0?
Authors: Wahi Ashok Kumar , Misra Rajnish Kumar , Shakeel Moonis 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
This study aims at examining the factors governing business benefits of moving to Enterprise 2.0. Web 2.0 has been around for more than a decade, and has been exploited by a lot of business organizations for improving their operations and profitability. However, the success rate has not been uniform.

Design/methodology/approach
Is there a pattern behind this successful adoption has been a matter of curiosity for most top management personnel. This paper goes into analyzing what factors govern this movement from Enterprise 1.0 to Enterprise 2.0 and uses structured equation modeling to predict the possibilities.

Findings
It concludes by demonstrating that business benefits to the organization are significantly linked to the usage of Web 2.0 tools.

Research limitations/implications
The paper has been done in India, and the authors expect that similar studies around the world will result in similar results.

Practical implications
Results of this paper emphasize the strong correlation between the use of Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 tools with business benefits obtained in terms of improved productivity of resources used and a higher level of information quality leading to better decision-making. Thus, transition to the Enterprise 2.0 state should be strived by all business organizations.

Originality/value
This is an original work of the authors.
Personal factors supporting intercultural communication in e-learning of information sciences
Authors: Uukkivi Anne 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the personal factors for both the students and the lecturers that support intercultural communication in library and information science (LIS) e-learning. Research was conducted to explore the factors supporting intercultural communication in LIS e-learning.Design/methodology/approach– Using case study, the opinion of students of two LIS curricula about the factors that support intercultural communication in e-learning has been determined. The data have been collected using e-interviews and document analysis. Document analysis and constant comparative analysis method were used for analysing collected data.Findings– Intercultural communication in the e-learning of LIS curriculum was supported by pedagogical, personal, cultural and technological factors. In this paper, the personal factors are emphasised. These factors are the supporting characteristics of the students and lecturers, their motivation, similarities between co-students and the competence of the students.Practical implications– Results of the research project are necessary to improve the curricula and to plan and conduct learning process. The results explain possibilities for supporting the students in international e-learning.Originality/value– The results of the present study concerning the personal factors and their respective support differed – when compared to previous studies – in the following aspects: LIS students brought forward the characteristics that support intercultural communication in e-learning, were willing to gain extra knowledge and skills and considered information literacy and knowledge about written communication important but, at the same time, less-often mentioned the problems emerging from lags.
Thermal tablet for the blind
Authors: Kos Andrzej , Boron Krzysztof , Brzozowski Ireneusz 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims present a thermal touch screen for the blind – a thermal tablet. A blind person using the device can imagine simple graphics or characters by touching flat thermal screen, which consists of reversible heat points, either warm or cold in different time. For the purpose, a thermal touch screen has been designed, fabricated and tested with a help of the blind.

Design/methodology/approach
– The screen contains 294 Peltier modules working as reversible small heat sources that keep pre-set different temperature. The tablet can easily present thermal images and characters generated directly by an interfaced PC. Design methodology is based on own authors’ patent.

Findings
– This paper presents original design and construction stages, as well as tests and usefulness of the device. The tests were carried out with participation of blind students who suggested how to tune the final parameters of the device in such a way that presentation and recognition of thermal information is easy and quick.

Originality/value
– The thermal tablet consists of original hardware and software. Both of them collaborate each other and make the tablet useful for the blind. It has been proved by series of tests.
Thermal resistance of high power LED influenced by ZnO thickness and surface roughness parameter
Authors: Subramani Shanmugan , Devarajan Mutharasu 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this research is to study the effect of thickness and surface properties of ZnO solid thin film for heat dissipation application in LED. Heat dissipation in electronic packaging can be improved by applying a thermally conductive interface material (TIM) and hence the junction temperature will be maintained. ZnO is one of the oxide materials and used as a filler to increase the thermal conductivity of thermal paste. The thickness of these paste-type material cannot be controlled which restricts the heat flow from the LED junction to ambient. The controlled thickness is only possible by using a solid thin-film interface material.

Design/methodology/approach
– Radio Frequency (RF)-sputtered ZnO thin film on Cu substrates were used as a heat sink for high-power LED and the thermal performance of various ZnO thin film thickness on changing total thermal resistance (R
th-tot) and rise in junction temperature were tested. Thermal transient analysis was used to study the performance of the given LED. The influence of surface roughness profile was also tested on the LED performance.

Findings
– The junction temperature was high (6.35°C) for 200 nm thickness of ZnO thin film boundary condition when compared with bare Cu substrates. Consecutively, low R
th-tot values were noticed with the same boundary condition. The 600 nm thickness of ZnO thin film exhibited high R
th-tot and interface resistance than the other thicknesses. Bond Line Thickness of the interface material was influenced on the interface thermal resistance which was decreased with increased BLT. Surface roughness parameter showed an immense effect on thermal transport, and hence, low R
th (47.6 K/W) value was noticed with low film roughness (7 nm) as compared with bare Cu substrate (50.8 K/W) where the surface roughness was 20.5 nm.

Originality/value
– Instead of using thermal paste, solid thin film ZnO is used as TIM and coated Cu substrates were used as a heat sink. The thickness can be controlled, and it is a new approach for reducing the BLT between the metal core printed circuit board and heat sink.
Association betweenAPOEpolymorphism and metabolic syndrome in Uyghur ethnic men
Authors: Sun YuPing , Wei Rong , Yan DanDan , Xu FeiLi , Zhang XiaoJin , Zhang Bei , Yimiti Delixiati , LI Hui , Sun HongYan , Hu Cheng , Luo Li , Yao Hua 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Uyghur ethnic men in Xinjiang, China.ParticipantsA total of 482 patients with MetS and 510 healthy sex-matched and age-matched controls were recruited from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. The participants were subjected to routine physical and blood biochemical tests, andAPOEgenotyping was performed.ResultsTheAPOE ε3/3was the predominant type, with a frequency of 71.8%, whileε2/2was less common thanε4/4in Uyghur males. The frequencies of theAPOE2, E3andE4alleles in Uyghur males were 8.5%, 80.0% and 11.5%, respectively. However, the distribution ofAPOEgenotypes was significantly different between the MetS and control groups (p<0.001). In the MetS group, the frequencies of theε2 andε4 alleles and the frequencies of theε2/2,ε2/3 and ε2/4genotypes were significantly lower than those of the control group. Those individuals without theε2 andε4 alleles had higher MetS prevalence than the other gene carriers, and the ORs of these individuals developing MetS were 1.5 and 1.27 compared to the gene carriers. Triglyceride, serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower and serum high-density lipoprotein was higher in theε2 carriers than theε3 carriers, and the prevalence of MetS, central obesity, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia was lower in theAPOE2 group than in theAPOE4 group. The risks of these individuals withε4 allele carriers getting these changes were 1.327, 1.780, 1.888, 1.428 and 2.571 times greater than those of ε2 allele carriers.ConclusionsAPOE4 is associated with many individual components of MetS, whereasAPOE2 was associated with a reduced risk of MetS at the univariate level in Uyghur ethnic men.
Esfera pública y redes sociales en Internet: ¿Qué es lo nuevo en Facebook?
Authors: Raimondo Anselmino Natalia , Reviglio María Cecilia , Diviani Ricardo 
Published: January 2016

Habitamos en sociedades altamente mediatizadas ya no sólo completamente atravesadas por la acción de los medios masivos de comunicación sino, también, por las nuevas tensiones que asume el proceso de mediatización a partir del desarrollo de las redes sociales en Internet. Al reconocer la naturaleza ambiental y constructiva de los medios masivos de comunicación es posible, también, considerar a la mediatización como modalidad nuclear de construcción de la esfera pública. En dicho contexto, este escrito inquiere sobre los modos en que el funcionamiento de Facebook y los discursos allí expuestos participan en la configuración de la esfera pública contemporánea, así como, además, sobre el grado de novedad que presenta dicha intervención respecto de la ejercida por los tradicionales medios masivos de comunicación. En función de articular las reflexiones expuestas con algunos de los ejes que ha asumido el debate teórico suscitado por el análisis que realizó Habermas sobre la génesis y las transformaciones estructurales de la vida pública, este texto se concentra en los siguientes tres aspectos: la gestión de la visibilidad, de la puesta en público o publicación; el lugar que ocupan el diálogo, la deliberación y el disenso; la condición múltiple y móvil de la esfera pública actual.
Practical prospects for boosting hepatic production of the “pro-longevity” hormone FGF21
Authors: McCarty Mark F. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21), produced mainly in hepatocytes and adipocytes, promotes leanness, insulin sensitivity, and vascular health while down-regulating hepatic IGF-I production. Transgenic mice overexpressing FGF21 enjoy a marked increase in median and maximal longevity comparable to that evoked by calorie restriction – but without a reduction in food intake. Transcriptional factors which promote hepatic FGF21 expression include PPARα, ATF4, STAT5, and FXR; hence, fibrate drugs, elevated lipolysis, moderate-protein vegan diets, growth hormone, and bile acids may have potential to increase FGF21 synthesis. Sirt1 activity is required for optimal responsiveness of FGF21 to PPARα, and Sirt1 activators can boost FGF21 transcription. Conversely, histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) inhibits PPARα’s transcriptional impact on FGF21, and type 1 deacetylase inhibitors such as butyrate therefore increase FGF21 expression. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) increases hepatic expression of both PPARα and Sirt1; acarbose, which increases intestinal GLP-1 secretion, also increases FGF21 and lifespan in mice. Glucagon stimulates hepatic production of FGF21 by increasing the expression of the Nur77 transcription factor; increased glucagon secretion can be evoked by supplemental glycine administered during post-absorptive metabolism. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has also been reported recently to promote FGF21 transcription. Bilirubin is known to be an agonist for this receptor, and this may rationalize a recent report that heme oxygenase-1 induction in the liver boosts FGF21 expression. There is reason to suspect that phycocyanorubin, a bilirubin homolog that is a metabolite of the major phycobilin in spirulina, may share bilirubin’s agonist activity for AhR, and perhaps likewise promote FGF21 induction. In the future, regimens featuring a plant-based diet, nutraceuticals, and safe drugs may make it feasible to achieve physiologically significant increases in FGF21 that promote metabolic health, leanness, and longevity.
Landholding and Agriculture in Late Ramesside Theban Documents
Authors: Antoine Jean-Christophe 
Published: January 2016

Summary:
Agriculture and land management are recurring topics in the Late Ramesside Letters. Eight of them completed with P Turin Cat 2084 and P Berlin 8523 illustrate the agricultural methods used for farming cereals, fruits and vegetables in the late New Kingdom. They show that although necessitating extra work, artificial irrigation was frequent on small parcels located on ı͗db, nḫb or ꜤmꜤm types of land. The two traditional categories of landholding, institutional and private, are distinguished, but their management overlapped when the landholder was involved in both systems. People farming the land pertained to the Necropolis workers, the memorial temple of Ramesses III, the Necropolis scribes household, or were sharecropper peasants living in countryside villages. Landholders behave as managerial landlords while technical terms specify the juridical frame within which subaltern people farmed the land. The land was assigned (swḏ) to them and they were responsible for fulfilling the “mission of the fields” (sḥn Ꜣḥt) at the risk of having their right to till the land withdrawn (nḥm) if they failed.