bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MYRFis associated with encephalopathy with reversible myelin vacuolization
Authors: Kurahashi Hirokazu , Azuma Yoshiteru , Masuda Akio , Okuno Tatsuya , Nakahara Eri , Imamura Takuji , Saitoh Makiko , Mizuguchi Masashi , Shimizu Toshiaki , Ohno Kinji , Okumura Akihisa 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveReversible myelin vacuolization is associated with variable conditions including mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS), which is characterized by mildly impaired consciousness and transient splenial lesion. Familial and/or recurrent cases with a clinical diagnosis of MERS suggest the presence of genetic factors.MethodsWe examined a family in which the proband presented with a history of recurrent encephalopathy with extensive but reversible cerebral myelin vacuolization and neurological symptoms similar to those of MERS spanning 3 generations. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed in family members.ResultsEight rare nonsynonymous single‐nucleotide variants shared by all patients were identified. By filtering genes expressed in the corpus callosum, we identified a heterozygous c.1208A>G predicting p.Gln403Arg in the highly conserved DNA‐binding domain in the myelin regulatory factor (MYRF) gene. We subsequently screened the coding regions ofMYRFby Sanger sequencing in our cohort comprised of 33 sporadic cases with MERS and 3 cases in another family with extensive myelin vacuolization, and identified the same heterozygous c.1208A>G in all affected members in the second family. Luciferase assay revealed that transcriptional activity of the N‐terminal region ofMYRFwas significantly diminished by introducing the c.1208A>G variant.InterpretationMYRF is a transcriptional regulator that is necessary for oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin maintenance. Functional defects of MYRF are likely to be causally associated with encephalopathy with extensive myelin vacuolization. We propose the term “MYRF‐related mild encephalopathy with reversible myelin vacuolization.” Our findings provide a new perspective on the pathogenesis of myelin vacuolization. Ann Neurol 2018;83:98–106
Directed Evolution of an Artificial Imine Reductase
Authors: Hestericová Martina , Heinisch Tillman , Alonso‐Cotchico Lur , Maréchal Jean‐Didier , Vidossich Pietro , Ward Thomas R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractArtificial metalloenzymes, resulting from incorporation of a metal cofactor within a host protein, have received increasing attention in the last decade. The directed evolution is presented of an artificial transfer hydrogenase (ATHase) based on the biotin‐streptavidin technology using a straightforward procedure allowing screening in cell‐free extracts. Two streptavidin isoforms were yielded with improved catalytic activity and selectivity for the reduction of cyclic imines. The evolved ATHases were stable under biphasic catalytic conditions. The X‐ray structure analysis reveals that introducing bulky residues within the active site results in flexibility changes of the cofactor, thus increasing exposure of the metal to the protein surface and leading to a reversal of enantioselectivity. This hypothesis was confirmed by a multiscale approach based mostly on molecular dynamics and protein–ligand dockings.
Active Salt/Silica‐Templated 2D Mesoporous FeCo‐Nx‐Carbon as Bifunctional Oxygen Electrodes for Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Li Shuang , Cheng Chong , Zhao Xiaojia , Schmidt Johannes , Thomas Arne 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTwo types of templates, an active metal salt and silica nanoparticles, are used concurrently to achieve the facile synthesis of hierarchical meso/microporous FeCo‐Nx‐carbon nanosheets (meso/micro‐FeCo‐Nx‐CN) with highly dispersed metal sites. The resulting meso/micro‐FeCo‐Nx‐CN shows high and reversible oxygen electrocatalytic performances for both ORR and OER, thus having potential for applications in rechargeable Zn–air battery. Our approach creates a new pathway to fabricate 2D meso/microporous structured carbon architectures for bifunctional oxygen electrodes in rechargeable Zn–air battery as well as opens avenues to the scale‐up production of rationally designed heteroatom‐doped catalytic materials for a broad range of applications.
Catalytic Asymmetric Oxidative γ‐Coupling of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes with Air as the Terminal Oxidant
Authors: Næsborg Line , Corti Vasco , Leth Lars Astrup , Poulsen Pernille H. , Jørgensen Karl Anker 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA novel concept for catalytic asymmetric coupling reactions is presented. Merging organocatalysis with single‐electron oxidation by using a catalytic amount of a copper(II) salt and air as the terminal oxidant, we have developed a highly stereoselective carbon–carbon oxidative coupling reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The concept relies on the generation of a dienamine intermediate, which is oxidized to an open‐shell activated species that undergoes highly selective γ‐homo‐ and γ‐heterocoupling reactions. In the majority of examples presented, only a single stereoisomer was formed.
Analysis of the functions of the signal peptidase complex in the midgut of Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Guan Jingmin , Zhang Jie , Yuan Shenglei , Yang Bing , Clark Kevin D. , Ling Erjun , Huang Wuren 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSignal peptidase complexes (SPCs) are conserved from bacteria to human beings, and are typically composed of four to five subunits. There are four genes encoding SPC proteins in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. To understand their importance to insect development, double‐stranded RNA for each SPC gene was injected into red flour beetles at the early larval and adult stages. Knockdown of all four signal peptidase genes was lethal to larvae. Moreover, larvae had difficulty with old cuticle ecdysis. Knockdown of TcSPC12 alone did not affect pupal or adult development. When TcSPC12, TcSPC18, and TcSPC25 were knocked down in larvae, the melanization of hemocytes and midguts was observed. When knocked down in larvae and adults, TcSPC18 induced severe cell apoptosis in midguts, and the adult midgut lost the ability to maintain crypts after knockdown of TcSPC18, indicating its importance to midgut cell proliferation and differentiation. Knockdown of TcSPC22 or TcSPC25 also resulted in many apoptotic cells in the midguts. However, TcSPC12 appeared to be unimportant for midgut development. We conclude that TcSPC18 is essential for maintaining the adult midgut crypts.
Toxicity associated with intensive postinduction therapy incorporating clofarabine in the very high‐risk stratum of patients with newly diagnosed high‐risk B‐lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group study AALL1131
Authors: Salzer Wanda L. , Burke Michael J. , Devidas Meenakshi , Chen Si , Gore Lia , Larsen Eric C. , Borowitz Michael , Wood Brent , Heerema Nyla A. , Carroll Andrew J. , Hilden Joanne M. , Loh Mignon L. , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Winick Naomi J. , Carroll William L. , Hunger Stephen P. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDChildren, adolescents, and young adults with very high‐risk (VHR) B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) have poor outcomes, and novel therapies are needed for this subgroup. The AALL1131 study evaluated postinduction therapy using cyclophosphamide (CPM), etoposide (ETOP), and clofarabine (CLOF) for patients with VHR B‐ALL.METHODSPatients who were 1 to 30 years old and had VHR B‐ALL received modified Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Münster therapy after induction and were randomized to 1) CPM, cytarabine, mercaptopurine, vincristine (VCR), and pegaspargase (control arm), 2) CPM, ETOP, VCR, and pegaspargase (experimental arm 1), or 3) CPM, ETOP, CLOF (30 mg/m2/d × 5), VCR, and pegaspargase (experimental arm 2) during the second half of consolidation and delayed intensification.RESULTSThe rates of grade 4/5 infections and grade 3/4 pancreatitis were significantly increased in experimental arm 2. The dose of CLOF was, therefore, reduced to 20 mg/m2/d × 5, and myeloid growth factor was required after CLOF administration. Despite these changes, 4 of 39 patients (10.3%) developed grade 4 infections, with 1 of these patients developing a grade 5 acute kidney injury attributed to CLOF, whereas only 1 of 46 patients (2.2%) in experimental arm 1 developed grade 4 infections, and there were no grade 4/5 infections in the control arm (n = 20). Four patients in experimental arm 2 had prolonged cytopenias for >60 days, whereas none did in the control arm or experimental arm 1. Counts failed to recover for 2 of these patients, one having a grade 5 acute kidney injury and the other removed from protocol therapy; both events occurred 92 days after the start of consolidation part 2.CONCLUSIONSIn AALL1131, CLOF, administered with CPM and ETOP, was associated with unacceptable toxicity. Cancer 2018;124:1150‐9. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Bone biopsy protocol for advanced prostate cancer in the era of precision medicine
Authors: Sailer Verena , Schiffman Marc H. , Kossai Myriam , Cyrta Joanna , Beg Shaham , Sullivan Brian , Pua Bradley B. , Lee Kyungmouk Steve , Talenfeld Adam D. , Nanus David M. , Tagawa Scott T. , Robinson Brian D. , Rao Rema A. , Pauli Chantal , Bareja Rohan , Beltran Luis S. , Sigaras Alexandros , Eng Kenneth Wa , Elemento Olivier , Sboner Andrea , Rubin Mark A. , Beltran Himisha , Mosquera Juan Miguel 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDMetastatic biopsies are increasingly being performed in patients with advanced prostate cancer to search for actionable targets and/or to identify emerging resistance mechanisms. Due to a predominance of bone metastases and their sclerotic nature, obtaining sufficient tissue for clinical and genomic studies is challenging.METHODSPatients with prostate cancer bone metastases were enrolled between February 2013 and March 2017 on an institutional review board‐approved protocol for prospective image‐guided bone biopsy. Bone biopsies and blood clots were collected fresh. Compact bone was subjected to formalin with a decalcifying agent for diagnosis; bone marrow and blood clots were frozen in optimum cutting temperature formulation for next‐generation sequencing. Frozen slides were cut from optimum cutting temperature cryomolds and evaluated for tumor histology and purity. Tissue was macrodissected for DNA and RNA extraction, and whole‐exome sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed.RESULTSSeventy bone biopsies from 64 patients were performed. Diagnostic material confirming prostate cancer was successful in 60 of 70 cases (85.7%). The median DNA/RNA yield was 25.5 ng/μL and 16.2 ng/μL, respectively. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed successfully in 49 of 60 cases (81.7%), with additional RNA sequencing performed in 20 of 60 cases (33.3%). Recurrent alterations were as expected, including those involving the AR, PTEN, TP53, BRCA2, and SPOP genes.CONCLUSIONSThis prostate cancer bone biopsy protocol ensures a valuable source for high‐quality DNA and RNA for tumor sequencing and may be used to detect actionable alterations and resistance mechanisms in patients with bone metastases. Cancer 2018;124:1008‐15. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Flood Governance: A multiple country comparison of stakeholder perceptions and aspirations
Authors: Plummer Ryan , Baird Julia , Bullock Ryan , Dzyundzyak Angela , Dupont Diane , Gerger Swartling Åsa , Johannessen Åse , Huitema Dave , Lyth Anna , de Lourdes Melo Zurita Maria , Munaretto Stefania , Smith Timothy , Thomsen Dana 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFlooding is routinely among the most disastrous annual events worldwide with extensive impacts on human wellbeing, economies and ecosystems. Thus, how decisions are made about floods (i.e. flood governance) is extremely important and evidence shows that it is changing, with non‐governmental actors (civil society and the private sector) becoming involved in new and sometimes hybrid governance arrangements. This study investigates how stakeholders perceive floods to be governed and how they believe decision‐making ought to occur, with the intent of determining to what extent changing governance is evident on the ground and how well (or poorly) it aligns with desired governance arrangements. Flood governance stakeholders were surveyed in five flood‐prone geographical areas from Australia, Canada, Italy, the Netherlands and Sweden. The findings suggest that a reconfiguration of flood governance is underway with relatively little consensus regarding the specific arrangements and mechanisms in place during this transitionary period. Across the five cases, stakeholders indicated that they wanted flood governance to be organized at multiple levels, with strong government involvement and with diverse actor groups, and through mechanisms that match the involvement of these actors, with a lack of desirability for some specific configurations involving the private sector in particular. There was little alignment between stakeholder perceptions of governance currently in place and their desired arrangements, except for government involvement. Future research directions highlight the importance of the inclusion of stakeholder perspectives in assessing flood governance, and following the transition in flood governance over time. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Highly Oriented Magnetic Film Composed of Ga‐Substituted ε‐Iron Oxide and the Angular Dependence of the Magnetic Hysteresis Loops
Authors: Yoshikiyo Marie , Namai Asuka , Imoto Kenta , Tokoro Hiroko , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Shin‐ichi Ohkoshi from The University of Tokyo, Japan, and co‐workers. The cover image shows a crystallographically oriented film based on metal‐substituted ε‐iron oxide (ε‐Ga0.45Fe1.55O3) magnetic nanoparticles.
White matter integrity alterations in post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: O'Doherty Daniel C.M. , Ryder Will , Paquola Casey , Tickell Ashleigh , Chan Charles , Hermens Daniel F. , Bennett Max R. , Lagopoulos Jim 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition which can develop after exposure to traumatic stressors. Seventy‐five adults were recruited from the community, 25 diagnosed with PTSD along with 25 healthy and 25 trauma‐exposed age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Participants underwent clinical assessment and magnetic resonance imaging. A previous voxel based morphometry (VBM) study using the same subject cohort identified decreased grey matter (GM) volumes within frontal/subcortical brain regions including the hippocampus, amygdala, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). This study examines the microstructural integrity of white matter (WM) tracts connecting the aforementioned regions/structures. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we investigated the integrity of frontal/subcortical WM tracts between all three subject groups. Trauma exposed subjects with and without PTSD diagnosis were identified to have significant disruption in WM integrity as indexed by decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the uncinate fasciculus (UF), cingulum cingulate gyrus (CCG), and corpus callosum (CC), when compared with healthy non‐trauma‐exposed controls. Significant negative correlations were found between total Clinician Administered PTSD scale (CAPS) lifetime clinical subscores and FA values of PTSD subjects in the right UF, CCG, CC body, and right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). An analysis between UF and SLF FA values and VBM determined rostral ACC GM values found a negative correlation in PTSD subjects. Findings suggest that compromised WM integrity in important tracts connecting limbic structures such as the amygdala to frontal regions including the ACC (i.e., the UF and CCG) may contribute to impairments in threat/fear processing associated with PTSD.
Enhanced adsorption capacity for phosphate in wastewater from thermally activated flue gas desulfurization gypsum
Authors: Cheng Peng , Chen Dong , Liu Haibo , Zou Xuehua , Zhang Yaqing , Xie Jingjing , Qing Chengsong , Chen Tianhu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum was calcined as phosphate sorbent materials for the remediation of phosphate wastewater.RESULTSIn addition to the main crystalline phase of gypsum, FGD gypsum contains a small quantity of quartz, dolomite, calcite and magnesite. Moreover, FGD gypsum has a prismatic structure with a dense and smooth surface, whereas a pore structure and flaky structure appear with increasing calcination temperature. The kinetic adsorption process was well described by a pseudo‐second‐order model with a high correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.99). The adsorption isotherms indicated that phosphate removal can be fitted by the Langmuir model.CONCLUSIONSCalcination improved the performance of FGD gypsum towards phosphate sorption. The precipitation following chemical adsorption dominated the phosphate removal by the calcined FGD gypsum, and phosphate was ultimately immobilized by hydroxyapatite. Calcined FGD gypsum has excellent capacity for phosphate removal for three reasons: an enhanced content of active Ca by calcination, a novel nanoscale prismatic structure with a high specific surface area, and a favorable reactivity and alkaline environment produced by the decomposition of magnesite, dolomite and calcite. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of the expression of neurotransmitter and muscular genesis markers in the postnatal male mouse masseter and trigeminal ganglion during development
Authors: Kamata Hiroaki , Karibe Hiroyuki , Sato Iwao 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCalcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) is released by motor neurons and affects skeletal muscle fiber and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), an important marker of pain modulation. However, the expression of CGRP and TRPV1 in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) during changes and in feeding patterns has not been described. We used real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization to investigate the mRNA expression levels of CGRP and TRPV1 in the TG. The expression of myosin heavy‐chain (MyHC) isoforms was also investigated in the masseter muscle (MM) during the transition from sucking to mastication, an important functional trigger for muscle. The mRNA and protein levels of CGRP increased in the MM and TG from postnatal day 10 (P10) to P20 in male mice. The protein levels of TRPV1 were almost constant in the TG from P10 to P20, in contrast to increases in the MM. The mRNA abundance of TRPV1 in the TG and MM was increased from P10 to P20. The localization of an antisense probe was used to count CGRP cell numbers and found to differentiate the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerve divisions of the TG. In particular, the number of CGRP+ cells per 10,000 μm2 in the maxillary and mandibular divisions of the TG gradually changed from P10 to P20. The expression of CGRP and TRPV1 in the TG and MM and the patterns of expression of different MyHC isoforms were affected by changes in feeding during male mouse development.
Conversion of Face‐On Orientation to Edge‐On/Flat‐On in Induced‐Crystallization of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) via Functionalization/Grafting of Reduced Graphene Oxide with Thiophene Adducts
Authors: Agbolaghi Samira , Abbaspoor Saleheh , Massoumi Bakhshali , Sarvari Raana , Sattari Somaye , Aghapour Sahar , Charoughchi Somaiyeh 
Published: December 2017

AbstractReduced graphene oxide (rGO) is functionalized with 2‐thiophene acetic acid (rGO‐f‐TAA) and grafted with poly(3‐dodecylthiophene) (rGO‐g‐PDDT) and poly(3‐thiophene ethanol) (rGO‐g‐PTEt) to manipulate the orientation and patterning of crystallized poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT). P3HT chains prefer to interact with their thiophene rings with bared rGO surface, resulting in a conventional face‐on orientation. In these hybrids, beyond critical length of P3HT nanofibers developed onto rGO (>100 nm), an inclination occurs after solvent evaporation, thereby face‐on noninclined fibers change to edge‐on inclined ones. In P3HT/rGO‐f‐TAA supramolecular structures patterned with P3HT short nanofibrils (42–95 nm in length), the orientation of P3HT chains changes from face‐on to edge‐on, originating from strong interactions between hexyl side chains of P3HTs and 2‐thiophene acetic acid functional groups of rGO. Supramolecular structures based on grafted rGO demonstrate a patched‐like morphology composed of flat‐on P3HTs with main backbones perpendicular to substrate. Grafted polythiophenic oligomers onto rGO (rGO‐g‐PDDT and rGO‐g‐PTEt) provoke P3HT backbones to vertically attach to surface and remain perpendicular even after solvent evaporation. Flat‐on orientation acquired for rGO‐g‐PDDT and rGO‐g‐PTEt systems is the best for P3HT chains assembled onto rGO. Face‐on P3HT/rGO hybrids and, subsequently, edge‐on P3HT/rGO‐f‐TAA hybrids also reflect optical and supramolecular donor–acceptor properties based on ultraviolet–visible and photoluminescence analyses.
Technical Note: Comparison of first‐ and second‐generation photon‐counting slit‐scanning tomosynthesis systems
Authors: Berggren Karl , Cederström Björn , Lundqvist Mats , Fredenberg Erik 
Published: December 2017

PurposeDigital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is an emerging tool for breast‐cancer screening and diagnostics. The purpose of this study is to present a second‐generation photon‐counting slit‐scanning DBT system and compare it to the first‐generation system in terms of geometry and image quality. The study presents the first image‐quality measurements on the second‐generation system.MethodThe geometry of the new system is based on a combined rotational and linear motion, in contrast to a purely rotational scan motion in the first generation. In addition, the calibration routines have been updated. Image quality was measured in the center of the image field in terms of in‐slice modulation transfer function (MTF), artifact spread function (ASF), and in‐slice detective quantum efficiency (DQE). Images were acquired using a W/Al 29 kVp spectrum at 13 mAs with 2 mm Al additional filtration and reconstructed using simple back‐projection.ResultThe in‐slice 50% MTF was improved in the chest‐mammilla direction, going from 3.2 to 3.5 lp/mm, and the zero‐frequency DQE increased from 0.71 to 0.77. The MTF and ASF were otherwise found to be on par for the two systems. The new system has reduced in‐slice variation of the tomographic angle.ConclusionsThe new geometry is less curved, which reduces in‐slice tomographic‐angle variation, and increases the maximum compression height, making the system accessible for a larger population. The improvements in MTF and DQE were attributed to the updated calibration procedures. We conclude that the second‐generation system maintains the key features of the photon‐counting system while maintaining or improving image quality and improving the maximum compression height.