bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing Effect on Performance of RH0345, Merit 75WP, Tempo 2, and Dursban Pro for Management of Black Cutworm of Creeping Bentgrass, 1996
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatment plots were 6X10 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times at Uni versity Park, PA. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 208 ml of water/60 ft2 or delivering 0.92 gal/1,000 ft2. At the 1st treatment on 23 Aug, the following soil and environmen tal conditions existed: air temperature, 66°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 62°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 97%; amount of thatch 0.125-0.25 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 58.2% sand, 33.9% silt, 7.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 18.6%; or ganic matter, 2.7%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.8%; time of application, early morning; and clear skies. A total of 0.8 inch of rain fell between late evening on 23 Aug through early morning on 24 Aug. At the 2nd treatment on 6 Sep, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature 67°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 65°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 65°F; RH, 87%; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25 inch; soil textural class, sand) loam; soil particle size analysis: 58.2% sand, 33.9% silt, 7.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 26.9%; organic matter, 2.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH 6.4; time of application, early morning; and overcast skies. A total of 2.7 inches of rainfall was recorded over a 72-h interval following the second treat ment on 6 Sep; however, the area did have 8 h drying time prior to the latter rainfall. Evaluation was done on 9 Sep and 12 Sep by counting the number o: black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 30 ml Lemon Joy™ dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water. An average of 16/yd2 cutworm larvae was recorded on 4 Sep following infestation of the experimental area with 2nd and 3rt instar black cutworms. The entire experimental area was covered with bird netting until posttreatment counts were recorded on 9 Sep.
Control of Black Cutworm on a Bentgrass Nursery, 1996
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Carney Bryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted at Amherst Country Club, Amherst, NH. All treatments were applied on 27 Sept to a bentgrass nursery. The treatments were laid out in an RCB design with 1 ft buffers between plots. All liquid formulations were applied with a 2-wheel bicycle-type CO2 boom sprayer equipped with 4 spray heads, fitted with a 50-mesh strainer and an 8004 fan-type nozzle. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/ 1000ft2 delivered at 40psi. Granular formulations were evenly dispersed using large plastic salt shakers. All granulars were irrigated with 1/2 inch of water. No liquid formulations were irrigated. BCW larvae were predominantly 4th instar. Weather conditions were as follows: air temp, 50°F; sky, cloudy; wind, calm. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 55°F; at 1-inch depth, 53°F; at 2-inch depth, 53°F; texture, loam; sand, 60%; silt, 20%; clay, 20%; soil pH, 5.7; dry matter, 80%; moisture, 20%; organic matter, 4%. The trial was rated on 4 Oct by applying to each plot a mixture of Joy dish soap and water to force live larvae to the surface for counting.
Influence of Post-Application Irrigation on Control of Annual White Grubs on a Golf Course Fair-Way, 1996
Authors: Baxendale F.P. , Weinhold A.P. , Weinhold K.A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted in Lincoln, NE on a golf course fairway. The turf (20% Kentucky bluegrass and 80% perennial rye) was maintained at a mowing height of 11/16 inch. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.375 to 0.50 inch. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 4%; soil pH, 6.2; water pH, 7.0. Environmental conditions at the time of application were as follows: soil moisture 12% by wt.; air temperature 72°F; soil temperature 72°F; relative humidity 43%; wind direction and velocity 6° at 7 mph. Plots were 6 X 10 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 3 replications. Insecticides were applied once on 9 Jul and twice on 11 Jul. Liquids were applied using a CO2 sprayer with a TeeJet® 8002 nozzle at 30 psi and delivering 2 gal/1000 square feet. A pre-calibrated Gandy 24H12 drop spreader was used to apply granular insecticides. Post-application irrigations were applied as follows: 09 Jul application, none; 11 Jul, first application, 0.35 inch; 11 Jul, second application with syringe, approximately 0.125 inch. Normal irrigation was resumed after 48 h. Precipitation between application and evaluation totaled 11.3 inches. Treatments were evaluated 57 DAT on 4 SEP by removing from each plot three, 8-inch diam turf-soil cores (1.05 ft2 total area) to a depth of 3 inches and counting the number of surviving grubs. Insecticides were applied prior to the onset of masked chafer oviposition.
Effects of Timing on Efficacy of Halofenozide (RH034S) and Imidacloprid (Merit) Against White Grubs, 1996
Authors: Held D. , Potter D. A. , Williamson C. , Kunkel B. , Kreuger B. , Mason N. , Eliason E. , Keathley C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was conducted on mature, low-maintenance Kentucky bluegrass turf at the University of Kentucky Spindletop Farm, near Lexington. The turf was on a Maury silt loam soil (Ph = 6.4) with negligible thatch. Plots (6 X 6 ft) were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied once a month in Jun, Jul, and Aug. Granular formulations were preweighed, mixed with dry sand, and applied by gloved hand. Liquid applications were applied at 50 gpa using a low volume, CO2 sprayer equipped with 4 Spraying System 8004 Tee Jet nozzles that delivered 2109 g pressure per cm2. The whole site received 1/2 inch irrigation as soon as the last treatment was applied. Conditions during application were 85, 86 and 89°F, respectively, with winds &lt; 10 mph for all applications. The site received natural rainfall between treatments as well as post-treatment irrigation after all applications. Plots were sampled on 17 Sep by cutting a 3 X 1.5 foot strip, about 3 inches deep, from the center of each plot with a motorized sod cutter. Sod was rolled back, broken apart, and examined for grubs which were counted and identified.
Codling Moth Control in Pears, 1996
Authors: Steenwyk R. A. Van , Nomoto R. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted on mature ‘Bartlett’ pear trees in a commercial orchard near Fairfield, Calif. Eighteen treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Each replicate consisted of an individual tree. Treatments were applied with a hand-held orchard sprayer operating at 200 psi and delivering 200 gpa of finished spray (2.87 gal/tree). Application timings were based on degree days (DD). DD were calculated with a 31 Mar biofix for the first generation and 17 Jun for the second generation using a single sine horizontal cutoff model with a lower threshold of 50°F and upper threshold of 88°F. Air temperatures were taken from the IMPACT weather station in Cordelia. Target degree-day timings and “actual timing-date” in parentheses were: V-71639 and CGA-59205 at 100 (104-10 Apr) and 500 DD (523-14 May) from 1st biofix; CM-001 at 200 (216-25 Apr) and 600 DD (699-28 May) from 1st biofix and 200 DD (280-1 Jul) from 2nd biofix; CM002/X, Brigade and Azinphos-M (grower standard) at 250 (288-29 Apr) and 650 DD (699-28 May) from 1st biofix and 250 DD (280-1 Jul) from 2nd biofix. Due to rain on 15 through 18 May and again on 21 May and high winds through 25 May, the 600 DD and 650 DD applications were postponed until 28 May (699 DD). In addition, V-71639 and CGA-59205, which were applied on 14 May, were retreated on 28 May. Control of the first CM generation was evaluated on 6 Jun by inspecting 50 fruit from the bottom of the tree canopy and 50 fruit from the top of the three canopy per replicate. Control of the second CM generation was evaluated at commercial harvest on 22 Jul by inspecting a maximum of 125 fruit from the bottom of the tree canopy and 125 fruit from the top of the tree canopy per replicate. Control of motile TSM, ERM and PP nymphs was evaluated weekly from 18 Jun through 16 Jul by sampling 10 exterior and 10 interior leaves/replicate. The leaves were brushed and the motile TSM, ERM and PP nymphs were counted under magnification (20X).
Annual Bluegrass Weevil Management on a Golf Course Fairway with Chlorpyrifos and Bifenthrin Formulations, 1996
Authors: Heller P.R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (70%) and Kentucky bluegrass (30%) in Bedford County, PA. Applications were made when flowering dogwood was in full bloom. Treatment plots were 6 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with four 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 272 ml of water/36 ft2 or delivering 2 gal water/1,000 ft2. At the treatment time (14 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 57°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 64°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 60°F; RH, 35%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.50 inch; soil textural class, loam; soil particle size analysis: 27.4% sand, 46.9% silt, 25.8% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 46.6%; organic matter, 6.8%; water pH, 7; soil pH, 5.9; application time, mid-afternoon; and clear skies. The experimental area was irrigated with 0.1 inch 24 hr after treatment. Post-treatment counts were made on 20 Jun. Annual bluegrass weevil control was evaluated by removing three 4-inch cup cutter sod samples from each replicate and recording I the total number of annual bluegrass weevil life stages (larva, pupa, adult) per sample. Totals were then converted to a ft2 count.
Bluegrass Billbug Larval Control in Lawn Turf, 1996
Authors: Shetlar D. J. , Belcher M. , Niemczyk H.D. , Richmond D.S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted on the Ohio State University Agricultural and Technical Institute front lawn at Wooster, OH. Insecticides and a biological control agent were applied on 2 Jul to plots 4 X 6 ft arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times with the replicates separated by 3 ft. Spray treatments were applied using a CO2 sprayer with TeeJet™ 8004VS nozzles at 25 psi pressure that delivered a volume of 3.1 gal/1000 ft2. Granular treatments were applied using a shaker jar. Entomopathogenic nematodes were applied by placing the desired amount of infective juveniles per plot into a sprinkling can with 2.0 gal of water. All treatments were irrigated after application with ⅜-inch of water immediately after application. Environmental conditions at the time of treatment were as follows: Turf: slight slope, moderately dense, 3-inch height, surface dry, 80% Kentucky bluegrass and 20% perennial ryegrass. Thatch: none. Soil: dry, 85°F at 1.0 inch, 83°F at 3.0 inch, clay loam Weather: partly cloudy, 83°F, 5-15 mph wind. Evaluation was done on 16 Aug (14DAT) by counting the number of BGB larvae and pupae extracted from four 4.25-inch diam turf and soil cores pulled from each plot. Each core was pulled from a spot where a BGB frass-filled turf stem was detected.
The Effect of Irrigation on the Control of Ants with Dursban, 1996
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Carney Bryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted on a fairway at Indian Mound Country Club, Ossipee, NH. The initial count of ant hills was taken on 27 Jun, prior to treatment applications. The layout was an RCB design, using 15 X 7 ft plots and allowing 1-ft buffers between plots. Irrigated plots were watered (0.5 inch) by hand after application. A second application was made on 18 Jul (21 DAT) using identical irrigation program for all treatments. Ant hill counts were taken every 7 days for 6 consecutive weeks after initial application. The treatments were applied using a 2-wheel bicycle-type CO2 boom sprayer equipped with 4 spray heads fitted with a 50-mesh strainer and an 8004 fan-type nozzle. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/1000ft2 delivered at 40 psi. Weather conditions at 1st treatment were as follows: air temp, 67°F; sky, cloudy; wind, calm. At the time of 2nd application, weather conditions were as follows: air temp, 64°F; sky, cloudy, wind, calm. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 68°F; at 1-inch depth, 65°F; at 2 inches, 65°F; soil texture, loam; sand, 40%; silt, 43%; clay, 17%; soil pH, 5.3; dry matter, 72%; moisture, 28%; organic matter, 9%.
Insecticidal Control of Chinch Bugs on Buffalograss, 1996
Authors: Heng-Moss T.M. , Baxendale F.P. , Weinhold K.A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for control of chinch bugs on a buffalograss field near Murdock, NE. The turf (100% buffalograss) was normally not mowed, but was cut to a height of 2 inches prior to insecticide applications. Thatch/debris accumulation in the plot area was 0.25 inch. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6-7; water pH, 7.0. Environmental conditions at the time of treatment were as follows: soil moisture 18% by wt; air temperature 81 °F: soil temperature 92°F; relative humidity 60%; wind direction and velocity 120° at 5 mph. Plots were 6 X 6 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 30 Aug 1996. Granular treatments were applied by using a pre-calibrated 24H12 Gandy spreader. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO2 sprayer with a TeeJet® 8002 nozzle at 30 psi and delivering 2 gal finished spray/1000 ft2. Following applications, plots were irrigated with 0.125 inch of water. A total of 3.38 inches of rain fell during the post-treatment period. Treatments were evaluated 7, 14 and 21 DAT (9, 13, and 20 Oct) by removing from each plot three, 4.25 inch diam turf-soil cores (0.3 ft2 total area) to a depth of 1 inch. Cores were placed in Berlese funnels and extracted chinch bugs were counted after 48 hr.
Summer Management of Hairy Chinch Bug with Dursban Pro, Dursban Turf, and Experimental Formulations on Established Fescue Turfgrass, 1996
Authors: Heller P.R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue in Somerset, PA. Treat ment plots were 4 X 6 ft arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer wit] 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 182 ml of water/24 ft2 or delivering 2 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (24 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 78°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 76°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 72°F; RH, 72%; amount of thatch, 0.75 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 32.9% sand, 50.9% silt, 16.2% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 19.4%; organic matter, 6.7%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.7; application time, late morning; and partly cloudy skies. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6-inch diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10 min period 7 DAT (31 Jul), 13 DAT (6 Aug), and 29 DAT (22 Aug). Two flotation samples were taken randomly from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.
Management of Scarab White Grubs with Formulations of RH-0345, Imidacloprid, and Trichlorfon on a Low Maintenance Turfgrass Area, 1996
Authors: Heller P.R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine fescue (80%) and weeds (20%) in Lewistown, Pa. Treatment plots were 8 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 726 ml of water/48 ft2 or delivering 4 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (28 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 70°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 76°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 74°F; RH, 94.0%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: % sand, 25.2; % silt, 59.7; % clay, 15.1; organic matter, 3.8%; 26.2% soil moisture (oven dry weight); water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.8; application time, mid-morning; and skies overcast. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.20 inch of water. Post-treatment counts were made on 1 Oct. Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of scarab white grubs/ft2 was recorded.
Management of Scarab White Grubs with Single and Split Applications of Bifenthrin 0.3% ME, Oftanol 21, Dursban Pro, and Dylox 6.2G on a Low Maintenance Turfgrass Area, 1996
Authors: Heller P.R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area consisted primar ily of fine fescue (80%) and weeds (20%) in Lewistown, PA. Treatment plots were 8 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Granulai formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker, and top dressing sand was added to facilitate product distribution. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 726 ml of water/48 ft2 oi delivering 4 gal/1000 ft2. At the 1st treatment time (5 Sep), the following soil and environmental conditions existed; air temperature, 81°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 78°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 72°F; RH, 79%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis; % sand, 14.6; % silt, 59.5; % clay, 25.9; organic matter, 3.3%; 28.8% soil moisture (oven dry weight); water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.0; application time, mid-morning; and skies overcast. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.18 inch followed by 0.20 inch of rainfall. At the 2nd treatment time (19 Sep), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 67°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 64°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 64°F; RH, 62%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: % sand, 14.6; % silt, 59.5: % clay, 25.9; organic matter, 3.3%; 34.5% soil moisture (oven dry weight); water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.8; application time, mid-morning; and clear skies Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated in with 5 gal of water/48 ft2 with a hand-held sprinkling can. Post-treatment counts were made on 4 Oct. Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of scarab white grubs/ft2 was recorded.
Twospotted Spider Mite on Marigold in the Greenhouse, 1996
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In late May 1996, 108, 6-inch-tall marigolds were planted in 6 inch pots at the Pesticide Research Center, Michigan State University. The plants were infested with twospotted spider mites, raised on bean plants in the laboratory, by placing 3 infested leaves on each test plant. Pretreatment counts were made on 13 Jun by collecting 4 leaves from each plant and counting the number of mites on the underside of each leaf with a dissecting microscope. The plants were then blocked by the pretreatment counts. All treatments were sprayed on 19 Jun with an R&D CO2 sprayer with an 8008 flat fan nozzle at 50 psi to first runoff. Each treatment was replicated 6 times with each replicate being an individual plant. Reps 1-3 were of the variety ‘Orange Boy’ and reps 4-6 were of the variety ‘Little Devil Yellow’. Post-treatment counts were made on 21 Jun, 25 Jun, 1 Jul and 9 Jul in the same manner as the pretreatment counts.
Control of Tobacco Budworm with Foliar-Applied Insecticides, Trial 1, 1996
Authors: Gerace Daniel , Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were established on 6 Aug ir flower beds which were located in the median of an urban boulevard. Landmarks were used to delineate plots approximately 6 X 3 ft each prior to treatment. The experimental design was a RCB with four replications. Treatments were applied using hand-held spray bottles at a rate of 3 fl oz of insecticide solution per plot. Thuricide, Pyrethrin, Bioneem, and Naturalis-O were applied weekly after sampling was performed. Sevimol, Talstar and Scimitar were applied twice, first on 6 Aug and again on the 29 Aug. Two different cultivars of petunias were present in the plots, the blue cultivar had an average density of 140 full blooms/yd2 and the pink cultivar had an average density of 235 full blooms/yd2. The number of damaged blooms in the center sq yd of eaci plot was counted weekly throughout the course of the experiment. Bloom damage was reflected in holes in flowers and buds, and/or ragged edges. Eval uation on 14 Aug included damage that was already caused prior to treatment application.
Control of Silverleaf Whitefly on Poinsettia Under Greenhouse Conditions, Fall 1996
Authors: Redak R. A. , Bethke J. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Poinsettias, obtained as rooted cuttings, were planted in 15 cm pots and allowed 12 wk growth (30-40 cm tall) before use. The plants were fertilized once with Osmocote (14-14-14) and irrigated every other day for three minutes by drip system. Silverleaf whiteflies and a parasitoid, Encarsia formosa (Gahan), were present in the greenhouse as the plants grew. By the time we conducted the trial, the plants were moderately infested with whiteflies. A leaf near the top of the plant containing young nymphs and parasitized nymphs was chosen to monitor the efficacy of selected pesticides. A 2.5 cm diam circle was drawn on the abaxial leaf surface, and the number of live and parasitized whitefly nymphs were recorded. A pre-treatment count was taken on 10 Oct and was followed by the treatment application. A second treatment application was applied one wk later. Post-treatment counts of live, dead, and parasitized whitefly nymphs were taken weekly for two wks following the first application. Treatments were applied using a backpack sprayer at approximately 25 psi. A RCB design was used with 5 replicates per treatment. An ANOVA was performed on the data set, and Ryan’s Q (P = 0.05) was used to separate the means.
Honeylocust Spider Mite Efficacy on Honeylocust, 1996
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
On 24 Jul, twenty 12 ft tall honeylocust trees in 10 gal pots were sampled for honeylocust spider mite. These plants were grown in container media for at least one year before being moved in June to a nursery holding area at the Entomology Field House on the campus of Michigan State University. The plants were blocked by the precounts taken on 24 Jul. On 2 Aug, treatments were applied to first run-off in all 5 replicates with a SOLO mistblower. Replicates were individual trees. 400 mis of finished spray was applied to each tree. In addition to the precounts on 24 Jul, counts were taken on 5 Aug, 9, 15, 22 and 30 Aug by removing 10 leaves randomly, and counting the number of mites on the underside of each leaf with a dissecting microscope.