bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic determinants of the level of physical activity in residents of eastern Poland
Authors: BERGIER MICHAŁ , BERGIER BARBARA , Rocha Paulo , Niźnikowska Ewelina , Szepeluk Adam , Tomczyszyn Dorota , Baj-Korpak Joanna , Stelmach Marian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Post-industrial societies that benefit from the development of science, technology and subsequent inventions that relieve people of everyday duties, on the one hand, have more free time, but on the other hand face a greater temptation of laziness and lack of physical activity. Common diseases increasingly resulting from limited physical activity (PA) mean that physical activity is no longer just a way to spend free time, but a necessity in the field of health care. This necessity obliges us to undertake research that allows for recognizing factors influencing the level of physical activity in individual societies.
Objective
The conducted research aimed at identifying sociodemographic factors that would determine the level of physical activity in women and men from the Biała Podlaska district in eastern Poland.
Participants
The group consisted of 173 adults, including 71 women and 102 men from eastern Poland.
Methods
The presented research was conducted in the years 2018–2020 as part of the international EUPASMOS Plus project. The collected sociodemographic data of the respondents and the results of physical activity monitoring with the use of the GPAQ questionnaire and the RM42 accelerometer − 24/7 allowed for an analysis of the factors determining the physical activity undertaken by the respondents, as well as the comparison of the obtained data with the use of the above-mentioned tools.
Results
The results of the research on sociodemographic factors conditioning the physical activity of the examined persons, obtained from the objective tool (Acceleromete RM42) and a subjective one for measuring physical activity (GPAQ questionnaire) showed some discrepancies. However, the established consistency of the research results using the above-mentioned tools allows for formulating the following conclusions: women from the Biała Podlaska district are more active than men. Older people more often undertake PA of lower intensity, giving up high-intensity efforts. The respondents declaring a higher subjective assessment of their health are more physically active.
Conclusions
The results obtained are varied and depend on the used tool. They indicate an enormous importance of the tool used in the study on physical activity.
Using dead-reckoning to track movements and map burrows of fossorial species
Authors: Redcliffe James , Boulerice Jesse , Namir Itai , Wilson Rory , McShea William J. , Shamon Hila 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Researching the movement patterns of fossorial animals and mapping of burrow systems presents a significant challenge due to the difficulty of direct observation and the limitations of most tracking systems to collect location fixes underground. A potential solution is using archival tags combined with dead-reckoning, a technique employed in nautical navigation to track animal movement underwater and through dense vegetation. However, this method has not yet been applied to the mapping of complex burrow systems in fossorial species. Our study aims to test this approach by using accelerometers and magnetometers attached to collars on prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) The goal was to determine if dead-reckoning, based on vectors derived from speed and heading data, could accurately track prairie dog movements and, by extension, map the structure of their burrows. To evaluate this method, we deployed 12 tags on wild animals and recoded acceleration and magnetometer data at 40Hz and 16 Hz respectively.. Animals were forced to move through artificial burrows, plastic tubes, whose shape was known prior to tracking of wild movements. The former was used to validate dead reckoning trajectory estimation. We compared the accuracy of five techniques for estimating speed: Vectoral Dynamic Body Acceleration (VeDBA), Vectorial Static Body Acceleration (VeSBA), step count, and constant speed.
Results
Acceleration signals reliably indicated traveling behavior. Among the methods tested, the Vectorial sum of Dynamic Body Acceleration (VeDBA) proved to be the most accurate proxy for speed, with the smallest mean error. Additionally, the dead-reckoning process demonstrated sufficient precision, with an mean error of 15.38 cm, providing a clear representation of animal movements and the layout of burrows in free-roaming prairie dogs. The animals generally moved at speeds ranging from 0.01 to 1.42 m/s.
Conclusions
This work highlights the importance of dead-reckoning in studying space use by fossorial animals, essential for understanding how they interact with their environment, including vegetation and topography. Beyond environmental context, analyzing the specifics of animal movement—such as path tortuosity, speed, step lengths, and turn angles—is crucial for insights into species diffusion, foraging strategies, and vigilance. Additionally, research on immovable burrows offers a model for "city" construction, as prairie dog burrow networks, including ventilation, high-speed sections, predator escape routes, gathering spots, storage, and sleeping areas giving us a unique insight into the species societal needs and better predict the spread of disease.
The roles of feedback loops in the Caenorhabditis elegans rhythmic forward locomotion
Authors: Fang Tao , Zhao Peng , Wang Boyang , Rong Yi , Yuan Ye , Liu Jian , Huo Hong , Liu Zhuyong , Li Zhaoyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Rhythmic behaviors are of paramount importance in biological systems, particularly in animal locomotion. However, the circuit mechanisms underlying these behaviors remain incompletely understood. While the central pattern generator has been instrumental in explaining many rhythmic locomotion patterns, it is insufficient to account for the flexible tunability of frequency and amplitude in certain oscillatory movements. This suggests the involvement of additional, less understood circuits. This study employs calcium imaging and neuromechanical modeling to investigate the circuit mechanism responsible for sinusoidal forward locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate that a feedback loop circuit, consisting of motoneurons and muscles, governs the generation of oscillations and regulates rhythmic forward movement. This circuit is composed of both negative and positive feedback pathways, which together regulate oscillation dynamics. The negative feedback loop includes the muscle-to-motoneuron inhibitory signal, determining oscillation generation, whereas the positive feedback loop incorporates proprioceptive feedback from muscles to motoneurons. These feedback loops coordinate to modulate oscillation turnability, directing oscillatory activities into three distinct patterns: stable oscillation, unilateral oscillation, and non-oscillation. The oscillatory behavior of C. elegans typically involves a rhythmic alternation of dorsal and ventral muscles. Our neuromechanical model of the functional oscillatory unit reveals that asymmetric inputs from interneurons to motoneurons, as well as asymmetric connections from motoneurons to muscles, are essential for this switching mechanism. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the established role of central pattern generators, circuits formed by both positive and negative feedback loops may contribute to the generation of more flexible and modulatory rhythmic behaviors.
Predicting 30-Day hospital readmission using Hospital score and Lace index in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abbas Manzar , Arshad Hajra , Mahar Muhammad Umar , Hassan Javerya , Tahir Izza , Aziz Namra , Jafri Lena , Riaz Mehmood , Almas Aysha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Unplanned hospital readmissions not only negatively impact patients' quality of life but also pose a substantial burden on both the hospital and the individual. Hence, there is a growing need to identify and prevent avoidable readmissions, aiming to reduce mortality and enhance the quality of care. LACE and HOSPITAL scores are widely used tools to assess the risk of readmission. This study was conducted to determine if the HOSPITAL score and LACE index are fair predictors of 30-day readmission in adult patients admitted to the internal medicine service at a tertiary care centre in a Lower-Middle Income Country (LMIC) like Pakistan.
Design
This study employed a cross-sectional study design.
Setting
The study includes records of all patients admitted to the internal medicine service at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan during 5 years (2015–2020).
Participants
This study involved 38,602 patients, aged 18 and above who were admitted to internal medicine service through the emergency room or electively.
Outcome measures
Readmission to hospital within 30 days
Results
The study included a total of 38,602 unique patients, among whom 7.1% (2,822) were readmitted within 30 days of their index admission. The mean age of all patients was 55.8 years, (S.D. = 18.9), with males constituting 46.1% (n = 17,797). Patients readmitted within 30 days demonstrated a higher mean LACE index compared to those not readmitted (9.1 vs. 7.58, p < 0.001). Additionally, the mean HOSPITAL score was higher in patients readmitted within 30 days compared to those not readmitted (3.37 vs. 2.69, p < 0.001). An ROC (Receiver operating characteristic curve) evaluation of the LACE index and HOSPITAL score for this population showed a C statistic of 0.657 (95% CI) and 0.655, respectively, for hospital readmission
Conclusions
The LACE index and HOSPITAL scores demonstrated fair discrimination in predicting readmissions, suggesting their potential for improving early detection and intervention strategies to mitigate such occurrences. This study underscores the importance of developing and validating predictive models across various hospitals, taking into account the complex healthcare landscape of LMICs.
Successful experience of spontaneous labor after a single cesarean section
Authors: Hamad Maya Alhaj , Alaeid Shaza , Abdullah Raed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The birth plan for pregnant women with a history of cesarean delivery is controversial nowadays, as many pregnant women want to repeat cesarean delivery instead of vaginal delivery, and fears of complications make some obstetricians avoid vaginal delivery.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Zahrawi Hospital in Damascus, during the period 20/12/2023 to 10/7/2024. The patients' files at the hospital were studied, and their number was 306 patients after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results
The data of 306 pregnant women were studied, where 264 of them underwent a trial of labor and 42 underwent an elective cesarean section. The success rate of the trial of labor was (82.2%), compared to the failure rate of the trial of labor (17.8%). The majority of pregnant women in both groups had a body mass index of 25–29 kg/m2. Failure to complete vaginal delivery accounted for 61.7% of previous cesarean section indications in the group with current failed labor versus 34.6% in the group with successful labor. In the group with current failed labor, previous cesarean section indications such as elderly or high-risk pregnancy were higher than in the group with successful labor.
Conclusion
In this study, we found that the success rate of labor was 82.2%, with good cesarean scar in 64.5%.
The influence of statin therapy on the recurrence of early-stage estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Xiaowen , Gao Jia , Sun Yiming , Zhang Feng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Statins have been recognized for their significant role in mitigating drug resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer. A substantial body of research has indicated that statin usage is associated with a marked improvement in both overall survival rates and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) among patients. The objective of this research is to determine whether the use of statins influences the local recurrence in early-stage estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. This investigation could provide crucial insights into the potential of statins as an adjunct therapy to reduce the risk of recurrence in this patient population.
Materials and Methods: Our review encompassed three studies comparing the recurrence rates in stage I-III ER+ breast cancer patients who did and did not use statins. The endpoint focused on recurrence, with the inclusion criterion being studies that reported fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). Summary odds ratios (ORs) were derived using random-effects models. Publication bias and heterogeneity were evaluated through sensitivity analyses, Q statistic tests, and I² tests.
Results: Three population-based studies, comprising a total of 102,525 patients with ER+ breast cancer, were included in our analysis: 24,598 of whom were on statin therapy, and 77,349 were not. The pooled OR revealed a notably significant 52% reduction in the risk of recurrence for patients who used statins compared to those who did not (Summary OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.27–0.86). Our analysis of three population-based studies, which included a total of 102,525 ER+ breast cancer patients 24,598 on statin therapy and 77,349 not on statins demonstrates a significant 52% reduction in recurrence risk for those treated with statins. However, it is crucial to acknowledge the substantial heterogeneity present among the studies, as indicated by an I² of 96% and a highly significant chi-square test (P < 0.00001). In the Leave-One-Out Sensitivity Analysis, the meta-analysis results proved to be relatively stable with the exclusion of studies Sim Y 2022 and Borgquist S 2017. Nevertheless, the study by Ahern TP 2011 exerted a more significant influence on the overall effect size, suggesting a potential contribution to the observed heterogeneity. Regarding publication bias, Egger’s test yielded a P-value of 0.1964, indicating no evidence of small-study effects or publication bias in this meta-analysis.
Conclusion: The pooled OR for statin use compared to non-use is 0.48 with a 95% CI of [0.27, 0.86]. Despite the considerable variation in ORs and high heterogeneity, the conclusions drawn from the three studies are relatively consistent, indicating that the use of statins indeed reduces the recurrence rate in early-stage ER+ breast cancer patients.
Understanding Sustainable Entrepreneurship Through Bibliometrics Analysis
Authors: Kumari Ritu , Kumar Deepak 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This bibliometrics study aims to identify trends related to documents, authors, conceptual structure, and networks between different authors, institutions, and countries on green entrepreneurship. It also aims to identify future research directions. In this work, 356 publications were recovered from the WOS (Web of Science) record from the time of 2018 to 2022 were analyzed and conclusions were drawn using the ‘bibliometric R-package’ (biblioshiny) and ‘VOSviewer’. The UK and the USA are among the top countries that are primarily driving research on green entrepreneurship. Cohn B, Genus A, and Fichter K are among the authors who published numerous articles on green entrepreneurship, according to this bibliometrics study. The analysis was constructed based on keywords and concluded that the areas that are still undeveloped but have a high degree of relevance include, Research and Development, Innovation, Technology, education, industry, etc. The study highlights the lack of collaboration in green entrepreneurship, highlighting the need for collaboration among nations, organizations, and researchers. Furthermore, the business and management discipline dominate writings on green entrepreneurship, necessitating a broadening of focus and combining several professions. This bibliometric evaluation provides a thorough, organized, and impartial analysis of the green entrepreneurship sector, reducing bias. Drawing from citations, it broadens the scope of previous evaluations, identifies gaps, and sets future study objectives to spur new research streams.
The Classification of Land Use and Land Cover was conducted using the Manual Method in ArcGIS and using AI/ML in the Google Earth Engine for Salem District, Tamilnadu, India.
Authors: Junaid S. Mohammed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study examines the land use and land cover (LULC) classification in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India, using both a manual method in ArcGIS and an AI-driven approach in the Google Earth Engine (GEE). The manual method offers high accuracy but is labor intensive, while GEE uses cloud computing and machine learning for greater efficiency and scalability. The study compares the accuracy, efficiency, and applicability of both methods across different scales and temporal resolutions. The results showed that ArcGIS is better for detailed, small-scale work, while GEE excels in large-scale and dynamic analyses. This study identifies the strengths and limitations of each approach and suggests future research directions for environmental monitoring, urban planning, and emerging technologies.
Comparative Analysis of Linear Regression and Machine Learning Models for Dead Fuel Moisture Content Prediction in Golestan Province Forests, NE Iran
Authors: Alhaj-Khalaf Mhd. Wathek , Jouibary Shaban Shataee , Jahdi Roghayeh , Jolly William M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim of Study: This study evaluates the performance of machine learning models versus linear regression models in predicting Fuel Moisture Content (FMC) for different time-lag fuel classes (1-hr, 10-hr, and litter) in Golestan province, NE Iran.
Area of Study: The study was conducted across Golestan province, NE, Iran.
Material and Methods: The FMC data are collected from 235 plots, and The models of Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting (GBoost), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) have been employed in predicting FMC using meteorological variables and topographic features.
Main Results: Multivariable machine learning models outperformed univariate models. RF achieved the highest accuracy with an R²adj of 97.08 and a relative RMSE of 5.93% on training data and an R²adj of 87.99 with a relative RMSE of 10.44% on test data. SVM also performed well, with R²adj values of 85.40 for training data and 86.86 for test data. In contrast, linear regression models showed lower accuracy, with RH as the best univariate model, achieving an R²_adj of 66.70 and a relative RMSE of 18.90%. Multivariable regression models improved performance but still fell short of machine learning models.
Research Highlights: RH and VPD were identified as the most important variables for FMC prediction, particularly in fine fuels. Machine learning models demonstrated superior performance due to their ability to describe nonlinear relationships and handle high-dimensional data. Further research should explore incorporating additional environmental variables and expanding the study to other regions and fuel types to refine model accuracy.
Desafios de gestão da Atenção Primária à Saúde na pandemia de Covid-19: percepção de gestores
Authors: Aleluia Ítalo Ricardo Santos , De Sousa Maria Lidiany Tributino , Pereira Marcos , Penha Anna Flávia Bezerra , Brandão Valéria Marçal dos Santos , Carvalho Larissa de Queiroz , Mendonça Sandy Kerllen Almondes , Oliveira Tarcio de Almeida 
Published: September 2024

Este estudo buscou identificar os principais desafios de gestão da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) na pandemia de Covid-19, a partir da percepção de gestores do Sistema Único de Saúde de duas macrorregiões de saúde da Bahia. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo e exploratório mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas com 27 atores selecionados por conveniência e atuantes na gestão estadual, regional e municipal, complementados através de análise documental, entre julho de 2021 e fevereiro de 2022. Os resultados demonstraram que os desafios da gestão da atenção primária na pandemia de Covid-19 variaram do planejamento à gestão do sistema de saúde, destacando-se aspectos críticos e relativos à cooperação dos municípios com a gestão estadual, à infraestrutura e cobertura dos sistemas locais, à gestão, organização e prestação dos serviços primários. Evidenciou-se o papel central desse nível na mitigação da doença, mas a atenção básica não foi explorada em suas potencialidades, tornando-se imprescindível reconhecer a importância desse nível e o necessário fortalecimento de uma governança regional para fortalecer a APS.
Reflexões acerca das narrativas disseminadas pela extrema direita contemporânea a partir de Hannah Arendt
Authors: Costa Brotas Carmen Lúcia 
Published: September 2024

A desordem informacional que permeou acontecimentos recentes como as eleições brasileiras e americanas, a crise pandêmica e a refutação as questões climáticas apontadas por diversos cientistas evidencia complexo fenômeno que se apresenta com características transnacionais, uma vez que é vivenciado em sociedades de todos os continentes. Destarte, este cenário tem conduzido atores sociais e internacionais a refletirem acerca deste ambiente informacional, buscando compreender as suas causas e características e apontar medidas que possam mitigar os efeitos nocivos que eles são capazes de causar. A emergência da extrema direita em diversos países contribuiu para que este quadro se estabelecesse e fosse mantido. Assim, os entendimentos de Hannah Arendt acerca da relação entre verdade, mentira e política, bem assim as contribuições acerca da propaganda perpetrada pelos regimes totalitários por ela estudados - nazismo e bolchevismo - se revela pertinente referencial para a abordagem dos fenômenos causadores da desordem informacional na atualidade. Este artigo tem como propósito estabelecer o diálogo entre as compreensões de Arendt com o cenário contemporâneo, no qual se constata intensa disseminação de conteúdos inverídicos e desinformativos como é o caso das fake news e dos negacionismos. A pretensão deste trabalho é, portanto, identificar em que medida as conclusões arendtianas acerca da propaganda totalitária se aproximam/afastam do modelo comunicacional da extrema direita contemporânea. A pesquisa é qualitativa e documental e tem como escopo realizar análise de contexto a partir dos entendimentos arendtianos. Ao final se pode perceber pontos de aproximação entre os dois movimentos – totalitarismo e extrema direita contemporânea.