bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Dimensional Reduced-Order Models for Statistical Response and Uncertainty Quantification: Two-Layer Baroclinic Turbulence
Authors: Qi Di , Majda Andrew J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Accurate uncertainty quantification for the mean and variance about forced responses to general external perturbations in the climate system is an important subject in understanding Earth’s atmosphere and ocean in climate change science. A low-dimensional reduced-order method is developed for uncertainty quantification and capturing the statistical sensitivity in the principal model directions with largest variability and in various regimes in two-layer quasigeostrophic turbulence. Typical dynamical regimes tested here include the homogeneous flow in the high latitudes and the anisotropic meandering jets in the low latitudes and/or midlatitudes. The idea in the reduced-order method is from a self-consistent mathematical framework for general systems with quadratic nonlinearity, where crucial high-order statistics are approximated by a systematic model calibration procedure. Model efficiency is improved through additional damping and noise corrections to replace the expensive energy-conserving nonlinear interactions. Model errors due to the imperfect nonlinear approximation are corrected by tuning the model parameters using linear response theory with an information metric in a training phase before prediction. Here a statistical energy principle is adopted to introduce a global scaling factor in characterizing the higher-order moments in a consistent way to improve model sensitivity. The reduced-order model displays uniformly high prediction skill for the mean and variance response to general forcing for both homogeneous flow and anisotropic zonal jets in the first 102 dominant low-wavenumber modes, where only about 0.15% of the total spectral modes are resolved, compared with the full model resolution of 2562 horizontal modes.
The Relationship between Boundary Layer Stability and Cloud Cover in the Post-Cold-Frontal Region
Authors: Naud Catherine M. , Booth James F. , Del Genio Anthony D. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Using NASA Aqua MODIS and AIRS data, the relationship between low-level cloud cover (cloud top below the 700-hPa level) and boundary layer stability is explored in post-cold-frontal conditions. A linear relationship is found between seasonal cloud cover and two separate measures of inversion strength, the lower-tropospheric stability (LTS) and the estimated inversion strength (EIS), for two specific regions in the North Atlantic and Pacific in quiescent and weakly subsiding conditions. The relationship barely changes when considering dynamically active and subsiding post-cold-frontal conditions for the same regions. To explore the generality of this result and increase sample size, cold-front-centered composites of cloud cover and stability are constructed. The Northern and Southern Hemisphere seasonal cloud cover and stability distributions in the post-cold-frontal regions are then compared. A fairly good correlation between cloud cover and EIS is found in both hemispheres across all seasons, suggesting that a linear relationship between cloud cover and inversion strength proposed for quiescent conditions exists also in more dynamically active subsiding post-cold-frontal conditions. However, for a given season and hemisphere, the correlation between cloud cover and EIS degrades in post-cold-frontal regions, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. At these scales, other large-scale factors tend to correlate better with cloud cover.
Slow Preconditioning for the Abrupt Convective Jump over the Northwest Pacific during Summer
Authors: Zhou Wenyu , Xie Shang-Ping , Zhou Zhen-Qiang 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The rapid intensification of convective activity in mid-July over the northwest Pacific marks the final stage of the Asian summer monsoon, accompanied by major shifts in regional rainfall and circulation patterns. An entraining plume model is used to investigate the physical processes underlying the abrupt convective jump. Despite little change in sea surface temperature (SST), gradual lower-troposphere mixing leads to a threshold transition in the model as follows. Before mid-July, although SST is already high (29°C), the convective plume is inhibited by the capping inversion above the trade cumulus boundary layer. As the lower troposphere is gradually mixed, the boundary layer top rises with reduced atmospheric stability and increased humidity in the lower troposphere. These factors weaken the inhibition effect of the inversion on the entraining plume. As soon as the plume is able to overcome the inversion barrier, it can rise all the way to the upper troposphere. This marks an abrupt threshold transition to a deep convection regime with heavy rainfall. The convective available potential energy (CAPE) of the entraining plume is found to be a better indicator of the rainfall intensity compared to the conventional undiluted CAPE. The latter fails to capture the onset by neglecting interactions between convective clouds and the environment. Current general circulation models (GCMs) fail to capture the abrupt convective jump and instead simulate a rather smooth seasonal evolution of rainfall. Compared to observations, GCMs simulate a higher trade cumulus top with excessive mixing in the lower troposphere. Convection is no longer inhibited by the inversion barrier, and rainfall simply follows the smooth variation of SST.
The influence of insoles with a peroneal pressure point on the electromyographic activity of tibialis anterior and peroneus longus during gait
Authors: Ludwig Oliver , Kelm Jens , Fröhlich Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundPeroneus longus acts as a foot evertor and pronator, thus ensuring stability of the talocrural joint by curbing inversion movement of the rearfoot. Increased activation of the peroneus longus muscle in the stance phase could have a stabilising effect on the ankle joint. This study aimed to determine whether the activity of the peroneus longus muscle could be increased by the targeted use of a specially formed lateral pressure element in a customised orthopaedic insole.MethodsThis was a laboratory‐based study that utilised a randomised crossover design. Thirty‐four healthy participants walked along a walkway in neutral footwear wearing a control insole or a sensorimotor insole with a lateral pressure point adjacent to the tendon of the peroneus longus muscle. The electromyographic muscle activity of the peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles was measured using surface electromyography. Contact with the ground was recorded via two pressure sensors under the sole of the shoe. Muscle activity during the stance phase was analysed in the time and amplitude domains and compared statistically with paired t‐tests for both insole types.ResultsIn 27 out of the 34 participants, an additional activity peak of the peroneus longus muscle was observed in the loading response phase with the sensorimotor insole, which reached its maximum at 29.7 % (±4.5 %) of the stance phase. When averaged over all 34 participants, the integrated electromyographic output for the peroneus longus in the mid‐stance phase revealed a significant higher activity (p < 0.001, post hoc power = 0.98, effect size: Cohen's d = 0.71) with the sensorimotor insole (18.1 ± 11.3 % MVCs) than with the control insole (11.2 ± 7.7 % MVCs). No significant effects were established for the other gait phases or for the tibialis anterior.ConclusionsAn increase of muscle activity of the peroneus longus muscle was observed during the loading response and mid‐stance phase, when orthopedic insoles with a lateral pressure point were worn. We conclude that the pressure point changes afferent information and leads to an increased peroneus longus activation in the time interval in which the pressure point exerted pressure on the peroneal tendon.
Pulsatile Cortisol Feedback on ACTH Secretion Is Mediated by the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Modulated by Gender
Authors: Roelfsema Ferdinand , Aoun Paul , Veldhuis Johannes D. 
Published: August 2016

Context:
Factors that regulate physiological feedback by pulses of glucocorticoids on the hypothalamic-pituitary unit are sparsely defined in humans in relation to gluco- or mineralocorticoid receptor pathways, gender, age, and the sex steroid milieu.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to test (the clinical hypothesis) that glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptor-selective mechanisms differentially govern pulsatile cortisol-dependent negative feedback on ACTH output (by the hypothalamo-pituitary unit) in men and women studied under experimentally defined T and estradiol depletion and repletion, respectively.

Setting:
The study was conducted at the Mayo Center for Translational Science Activities.

Subjects:
Healthy middle-aged men (n = 16) and women (n = 25) participated in the study.

Interventions:
This was a randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo- and saline-controlled study of pulsatile cortisol infusions in low cortisol-clamped volunteers with and without eplerenone (MR blocker) and mifepristone (GR blocker) administration under a low and normal T and estradiol clamp. During frequent sampling, a bolus of CRH-arginine vasopressin was infused to assess corticotrope responsiveness.

Analytical Methods and Outcomes:
Deconvolution and approximate entropy of ACTH profiles were measured.

Results:
Infusion of cortisol (but not saline) pulses diminished ACTH secretion. The GR antagonist, mifepristone, interfered with negative feedback on both ACTH burst mass and secretion regularity. Eplerenone, an MR antagonist, exerted no detectable effect on the same parameters. Despite feedback imposition, CRH-arginine vasopressin-stimulated ACTH secretion was also increased by mifepristone and not by eplerenone. Withdrawal vs addback of sex steroids had no effect on ACTH secretion parameters. Nonetheless, ACTH secretion was greater (P = .006) and more regular (P = .004) in men than women.

Conclusion:
Pulsatile cortisol feedback on ACTH secretion in this paradigm is mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor, in part acting at the level of the pituitary, and influenced by sex.
Confidence Calibration in a Multiyear Geopolitical Forecasting Competition
Authors: Moore Don A. , Swift Samuel A. , Minster Angela , Mellers Barbara , Ungar Lyle , Tetlock Philip , Yang Heather H. J. , Tenney Elizabeth R. 
Published: August 2016

This research examines the development of confidence and accuracy over time in the context of forecasting. Although overconfidence has been studied in many contexts, little research examines its progression over long periods of time or in consequential policy domains. This study employs a unique data set from a geopolitical forecasting tournament spanning three years in which thousands of forecasters predicted the outcomes of hundreds of events. We sought to apply insights from research to structure the questions, interactions, and elicitations to improve forecasts. Indeed, forecasters’ confidence roughly matched their accuracy. As information came in, accuracy increased. Confidence increased at approximately the same rate as accuracy, and good calibration persisted. Nevertheless, there was evidence of a small amount of overconfidence (3%), especially on the most confident forecasts. Training helped reduce overconfidence, and team collaboration improved forecast accuracy. Together, teams and training reduced overconfidence to 1%. Our results provide reason for tempered optimism regarding confidence calibration and its development over time in consequential field contexts. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Going to market! An exploration of markets in social care
Authors: Mulkeen Majella 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOne of the most striking reconfigurations of Irish social care has been the entry of private for-profit companies into a sector previously regarded as outside the market. This article examines the policy context that has given rise to these developments and the impact of marketisation on both the quality of care provision and the employment conditions of the workforce. Whether for-profit provision of care is a positive development is the subject of intense debate, and the arguments for and against are outlined alongside a range of empirical evidence. International research evidence is not convincing about the capacity of markets to deliver on quality or efficiencies. The article concludes with recommendations for further research to enable analysis and debate in the Irish context.
Towards a more person-centred home care service: A study of the preferences of older adults and home care workers
Authors: Dempsey Catherine , Normand Charles , Timonen Virpi 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the views of older home care recipients on the care that they receive and the preferences of the home help staff to work more flexible times, in order to provide a more person-centred service for the older person. A mixed-methods design was used, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The qualitative phase involved five focus groups (total participants: n=23), to gain information on the recipients’ views on the home help received and how the service may become more person-centred. The quantitative phase involved sending postal questionnaires to Health Service Executive (HSE) home help employees (n=202) and to home help employees from a voluntary home help agency in Dublin South West (n=147). The findings from the qualitative phase of the research highlighted that the recipients were mainly satisfied with the service received but would like more communication with home help managers, and to be consulted regarding their care to allow for a more person-centred service. Companionship was also identified as a need for the older person. Data from the quantitative analysis indicated that home help employees, particularly in the HSE, are willing to work outside current contracted hours; for example, 8 p.m. to midnight midweek, or on Sunday evenings. Therefore, the future possibility of recruiting HSE home help staff to work more flexible hours needs to be considered to allow for a more person-centred home help service.
Interfacing informal and formal help systems: Historical pathways to the Meitheal model
Authors: Cassidy Anne , Devaney Carmel , McGregor Caroline , Landy Fergal 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMeitheal is a national practice model which aims to ensure that the needs and strengths of children and their families are effectively identified, understood and responded to in a timely manner. The aim of this article is to consider some of the notable learning from the historical background and context in the development of children and family services. The discussion draws together four interrelated themes: the interaction between the voluntary and statutory systems, the interface of family and child oriented services, balancing formal and informal responses to child welfare, and early intervention and prevention services. The complexity of this endeavour is emphasised through identifying the core considerations required at the levels of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model. The article concludes with a commentary on how the future of child welfare in Ireland may be influenced through this attempt at a reorientation of children and family services towards early intervention, prevention, partnership and participation.
Computed tomography in diagnosis and staging of the retroperitoneal tumors
Authors: Osman R. , Sarbu V. , Osman S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The main role of retroperitoneal tumor diagnosis is the imaging examination. Diagnostic imaging is essential for describing and predicting lesion integrity limits adjacent organs.
Methods. The results are based on a sample of 53 patients admitted in the Urology Clinic and investigated during the period 1 January 2005 - 31 December 2014. Results. CT scan for retroperitoneal tumor: vascular tumors are diagnosed in 100% of cases, while endocrine tumors and lymphomas values are between 50-66.67% in terms of a positive diagnosis. In 54.71% of cases studied was identified retroperitoneal tumor invasion into adjacent structures (29 patients), and for 12 cases (22.64%) CT scan was not conclusive enough. CT scan investigation to identify metastasis has statistical significance (p <0.01) according to the different types of retroperitoneal tumors, there were on average 35% for highlighting values of peritumoral lymph nodes and 13% for metastases. The relationship between retroperitoneal tumor size detected by CT (coefficient R =0.736) than those found intraoperative CT examination reveals that tends to underestimate the retroperitoneal tumor size.
Conclusions. Imaging diagnosis is mainframe of positive diagnosis for retroperitoneal tumors. CT scanning bring data not only on tumor location, but also about the nature of injuries (cystic or solid), presence or absence of necrosis, invasion of adjacent structures and abdominal metastases.
Promotion of Family Reading in the Context of Children’s Early Reading Literacy Development
Authors: Tamášová Viola , Šulganová Zuzana 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The proposed study deals with early reading literacy development of pre-school age children. A special attention is paid to the promotion of reading in family environment. Children’s relationship to reading starts developing before entering school, therefore, we consider families, alongside with intentional reading development in kindergartens, to be the basic indicators of the development of children’s relationship to reading and to books in general. The results of our quantitative research reflect the current situation in reading literacy development of pre-school age children in Slovakia, in particular families, and from the point of view of both the participating parents and their children.
The unusual yin-yang fashion of RIZ1/RIZ2 contributes to the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cui Yuantao , Ding Min , Dong Shangwen , Wang Yuanguo , Zhang Peng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRetinoblastoma protein-interacting zinc finger gene RIZ encodes two different protein products, RIZ1 and RIZ2. Observations suggest that RIZ1 is a tumor suppressor, while RIZ2 acts as a negative regulator of RIZ1 and may play a positive role in oncogenesis. The imbalance amount of RIZ1 and RIZ2 may be involved in cancer development. In this study we detected the expression levels of RIZ1 and RIZ2 mRNA in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue specimens, reexpressed RIZ1 in the human ESCC cell line EC109 in which RIZ1 mRNA level was not detected, examined the changes of RIZ1 and RIZ2 mRNA expression, investigated the changes of proliferation, and apoptosis of the cells. We found that RIZ1 mRNA expression is commonly decreased or at undetectable level in human esophageal squamous cancer tissue specimens compared to the normal tissue specimens, while RIZ2 is usually expressed. With the forced expression of RIZ1, RIZ2 mRNA expression did not change, The ESCC cell proliferation was inhibited and apoptosis was induced. This unusual yinyang fashion of RIZ1/RIZ2 may contribute to the progression of ESCC.
Discrete Path Selection and Entropy Based Sensor Node Failure Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Spoorthi K. , Snehanshu Saha , Archana Mathur 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Exertion of wireless sensor networks has been increasing in recent years, and it imprints in almost all the technologies such as machine industry, medical, military and civil applications. Due to rapid growth in electronic fabrication technology, low cost, efficient, multifunctional and accurate sensors can be produced and thus engineers tend to incorporate many sensors in the area of deployment. As the number of sensors in the field increases, the probability of failure committed by these sensors also increases. Hence, efficient algorithms to detect and recover the failure of sensors are paramount. The current work concentrates mainly on mechanisms to detect sensor node failures on the basis of the delay incurred in propagation and also the energy associated with sensors in the field of deployment. The simulation shows that the algorithm plays in the best possible way to detect the failure in sensors. Finally, the Boolean sensing model is considered to calculate the network coverage of the wireless sensor network for various numbers of nodes in the network.
Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian Optimization of Urban Transportation Network with Application to Sofia Traffic Optimization
Authors: Balabanov Aleksey , Stoilov Todor , Boneva Yordanka 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The paper defines and solves a Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) optimization problem addressing real time control policy of Urban Transportation Network (UTN). The paper presents UTN model definition, analysis and LQG optimization problem definition, resulting in special problem structure. A real application for UTN situated in Sofia, Bulgaria along Yosif Gurko street was provided for testing this control policy.
Lexeme-based collexeme analysis with DepCluster
Authors: Tang Xuri 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper introduces a tool for lexeme-based collexeme analysis. The tool uses cluster analysis to generate the typical constructions of a given lexeme and computes the collostruction strength of the constructions. These two functions enable the tool to facilitate efficient studies of lexeme–construction interactions in large-scale data. As a case study, the paper examines the lexeme “cause”. It shows that the tool provides strong statistical evidence that confirms earlier findings about the negative semantic prosody of the lexeme. In addition, the collexeme analyses with the tool show that the lexeme is typically used in attitudinal constructions. The case study demonstrates that the tool can enhance the efficiency, comprehensiveness and granularity in lexeme-based collexeme analysis.
Integrals of logarithmic and hypergeometric functions
Authors: Sofo Anthony 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Integrals of logarithmic and hypergeometric functions are intrinsically connected with Euler sums. In this paper we explore many relations and explicitly derive closed form representations of integrals of logarithmic, hypergeometric functions and the Lerch phi transcendent in terms of zeta functions and sums of alternating harmonic numbers.
Upgrading Probability via Fractions of Events
Authors: Frič Roman , Papčo Martin 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The influence of “Grundbegriffe” by A. N. Kolmogorov (published in 1933) on education in the area of probability and its impact on research in stochastics cannot be overestimated. We would like to point out three aspects of the classical probability theory “calling for” an upgrade: (i) classical random events are black-and-white (Boolean); (ii) classical random variables do not model quantum phenomena; (iii) basic maps (probability measures and observables { dual maps to random variables) have very different “mathematical nature”. Accordingly, we propose an upgraded probability theory based on Łukasiewicz operations (multivalued logic) on events, elementary category theory, and covering the classical probability theory as a special case. The upgrade can be compared to replacing calculations with integers by calculations with rational (and real) numbers. Namely, to avoid the three objections, we embed the classical (Boolean) random events (represented by the f0; 1g-valued indicator functions of sets) into upgraded random events (represented by measurable {0; 1}-valued functions), the minimal domain of probability containing “fractions” of classical random events, and we upgrade the notions of probability measure and random variable.