bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role models and professional development in dentistry: an important resource
Authors: Mohamed Osama O. , Gallagher J. E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of role models, and their differing influence in early, mid‐ and late careers, has been identified in the process of professional development of medical doctors. There is a paucity of evidence within dentistry on role models and their attributes.AimTo explore the views of early career dentists on positive and negative role models across key phases of professional development, together with role models’ attributes and perceived influence.MethodsThis is a phenomenological study collecting qualitative data through semi‐structured interviews based on a topic guide. Dentists in junior (core training) hospital posts in one academic health science centre were all invited to participate. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework analysis.ResultsTwelve early career stage dentists, 10 of whom were female, reported having role models, mainly positive, in their undergraduate and early career phases. Participants defined role models’ attributes in relation to three distinct domains: clinical attributes, personal qualities and teaching skills. Positive role models were described as “prioritising the patient's best interests”, “delivering learner‐centred teaching and training” and “exhibiting a positive personality”, whilst negative role models demonstrated the converse. Early career dentists reported having largely positive dentist role models during‐ and post‐dental school and report their impact on professional values and aspirations, learning outcomes and career choice.ConclusionThe findings suggest that these early career dentists in junior hospital posts have largely experienced and benefitted from positive role models, notably dentists, perceived as playing an important and creative influence promoting professionalism and shaping the career choices of early career stage dentists.
What does the U.S. Medicare administrative claims database tell us about initial antiepileptic drug treatment for older adults with new‐onset epilepsy?
Authors: Martin Roy C. , Faught Edward , Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Richman Joshua , Funkhouser Ellen , Piper Kendra , Juarez Lucia , Dai Chen , Pisu Maria 
Published: February 2017

SummaryObjectiveDisparities in epilepsy treatment are not uncommon; therefore, we examined population‐based estimates of initial antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in new‐onset epilepsy among racial/ethnic minority groups of older US Medicare beneficiaries.MethodsWe conducted retrospective analyses of 2008–2010 Medicare administrative claims for a 5% random sample of beneficiaries augmented for minority representation. New‐onset epilepsy cases in 2009 had ≥1 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) 345.x or ≥2 ICD‐9 780.3x, and ≥1 AED, AND no seizure/epilepsy claim codes or AEDs in preceding 365 days. We examined AED use and concordance with Quality Indicators of Epilepsy Treatment (QUIET) 6 (monotherapy as initial treatment = ≥30 day first prescription with no other concomitant AEDs), and prompt AED treatment (first AED within 30 days of diagnosis). Logistic regression examined likelihood of prompt treatment by demographic (race/ethnicity, gender, age), clinical (number of comorbid conditions, neurology care, index event occurring in the emergency room (ER)), and economic (Part D coverage phase, eligibility for Part D Low Income Subsidy [LIS], and ZIP code level poverty) factors.ResultsOver 1 year of follow‐up, 79.6% of 3,706 new epilepsy cases had one AED only (77.89% of whites vs. 89% of American Indian/Alaska Native [AI/AN]). Levetiracetam was the most commonly prescribed AED (45.5%: from 24.6% AI/AN to 55.0% whites). The second most common was phenytoin (30.6%: from 18.8% Asians to 43.1% AI/AN). QUIET 6 concordance was 94.7% (93.9% for whites to 97.3% of AI/AN). Only 50% received prompt AED therapy (49.6% whites to 53.9% AI/AN). Race/ethnicity was not significantly associated with AED patterns, monotherapy use, or prompt treatment.SignificanceMonotherapy is common across all racial/ethnic groups of older adults with new‐onset epilepsy, older AEDs are commonly prescribed, and treatment is frequently delayed. Further studies on reasons for treatment delays are warranted. Interventions should be developed and tested to develop paradigms that lead to better care.
Home is Where You Know Your Volatility – Local Investor Sentiment and Stock Market Volatility
Authors: Schneller D. , Heiden S. , Hamid A. , Heiden M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUsing a new variable to measure investor sentiment we show that the sentiment of German and European investors matters for return volatility in local stock markets. A flexible empirical similarity (ES) approach is used to emulate the dynamics of the volatility process by a time-varying parameter that is created via the similarity of realized volatility and investor sentiment. Out-of-sample results show that the ES model produces significantly better volatility forecasts than various benchmark models for DAX and EUROSTOXX. Regarding other international markets no significant difference between the forecasts can be observed.
Fighting Terrorism: Empirics on Policy Harmonisation
Authors: Asongu Simplice , Nwachukwu Jacinta 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper models the feasibility of common policy initiatives against global terrorism, as well as timelines for their enforcement. The empirical evidence is based on 78 developing countries for the period 1984-2008. Domestic, transnational, unclear and total terrorism variables are used. Absolute (or unconditional) and conditional catch-ups are estimated using Generalised Method of Moments. We establish consistently that, the rate of catch-up is higher in domestic terrorism relative to transnational terrorism. The time to full catch-up required for the implementation of common policies without distinction of nationality is found to be in a horizon of 13-20 years for domestic terrorism and 24-28 years for transnational terrorism. Hence, from a projection date of 2009, in spite of decreasing cross-country differences in terrorists’ attacks, there is still a long way to go before feasible common policy initiatives can be fully implemented without distinction of nationality. The paper is original by its contribution to the empirics of conflict resolution through decreasing cross-country differences in terrorism tendencies. Policy implications are discussed.
Comparison between clinical gait and daily‐life gait assessments of fall risk in older people
Authors: Brodie Matthew A. , Coppens Milou J. , Ejupi Andreas , Gschwind Yves J. , Annegarn Janneke , Schoene Daniel , Wieching Rainer , Lord Stephen R. , Delbaere Kim 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimFalls are a leading cause of disability in older people. Here we investigate if daily‐life gait assessments are better than clinical gait assessments at discriminating between older people with and without a history of falls.MethodsA total of 96 independent‐living participants (age 75.5 ± 7.8) underwent sensorimotor, psychological and cognitive assessments, and the Timed Up and Go and 10‐m walk tests. Participants wore a small pendant sensor device for a week in their home environment, from which the new remote assessments of daily‐life gait were determined.ResultsDuring daily‐life, fallers had significantly lower gait quality (lower gait endurance, higher within‐walk variability and lower between‐walk adaptability), but not reduced gait quantity (total steps) or gait intensity (mean cadence). In the clinic, fallers had slower Timed Up and Go, but not 10‐m walk test times. After adjusting for demographics, only the daily‐life assessments of gait endurance and within‐walk variability remained significant. Reduced daily‐life gait assessments were significantly correlated with older age, higher body mass index, multiple medications, disability, more concern about falling, poor executive function and higher physiological fall risk.ConclusionsThe new daily‐life gait assessments were better than the clinical gait assessments at identifying fall risk in our sample of independent living older people. However, further research is required to validate these findings in other populations or those living in residential aged care. Daily‐life gait was not only associated with demographics and physiological capacity, but also general health, executive function and the ability to undertake a variety of activities of daily living without excessive concern about falling. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2274–2282.
Evolution of crustal deformation in the northeast–central Japanese island arc: Insights from fault activity
Authors: Miyakawa Ayumu , Otsubo Makoto 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe evaluated fault activity in northeast–central Japan based on fault orientation, regional stress field, and slip tendency analysis for active and non‐active faults (i.e. faults for which Quaternary activity has not been identified). Slip tendency is generally higher along active faults than non‐active faults, although a high slip tendency was observed along some non‐active faults, indicating their potential to become active. The potential for fault activity along non‐active faults can be modeled using the temporal evolution from non‐active to active during long‐term crustal deformation. The density of potentially active faults varies spatially across the study areas and reflects the temporal evolution of crustal deformation in northeast–central Japan.
An application of the Health Action Process Approach model to oral hygiene behaviour and dental plaque in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances
Authors: Scheerman Janneke F. M. , van Empelen Pepijn , van Loveren Cor , Pakpour Amir H. , van Meijel Berno , Gholami Maryam , Mierzaie Zaher , van den Braak Matheus C. T. , Verrips Gijsbert H. W. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model addresses health behaviours, but it has never been applied to model adolescents’ oral hygiene behaviour during fixed orthodontic treatment.AimThis study aimed to apply the HAPA model to explain adolescents’ oral hygiene behaviour and dental plaque during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 116 adolescents with fixed appliances from an orthodontic clinic situated in Almere (the Netherlands) completed a questionnaire assessing oral health behaviours and the psychosocial factors of the HAPA model. Linear regression analyses were performed to examine the factors associated with dental plaque, toothbrushing, and the use of a proxy brush.ResultsStepwise regression analysis showed that lower amounts of plaque were significantly associated with higher frequency of the use of a proxy brush (R2 = 45%), higher intention of the use of a proxy brush (R2 = 5%), female gender (R2 = 2%), and older age (R2 = 2%). The multiple regression analyses revealed that higher action self‐efficacy, intention, maintenance self‐efficacy, and a higher education were significantly associated with the use of a proxy brush (R2 = 45%).ConclusionDecreased levels of dental plaque are mainly associated with increased use of a proxy brush that is subsequently associated with a higher intention and self‐efficacy to use the proxy brush.
Scheduling aspects in keyword extraction problem
Authors: Zimniewicz Michał , Kurowski Krzysztof , Węglarz Jan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe amount of big data collected during human–computer interactions requires natural language processing (NLP) applications to be executed efficiently, especially in parallel computing environments. Scalability and performance are critical in many NLP applications such as search engines or web indexers. However, there is a lack of mathematical models helping users to design and apply scheduling theory for NLP approaches. Moreover, many researchers and software architects reported various difficulties related to common NLP benchmarks. Therefore, this paper aims to introduce and demonstrate how to apply a scheduling model for a class of keyword extraction approaches. Additionally, we propose methods for the overall performance evaluation of different algorithms, which are based on processing time and correctness (quality) of answers. Finally, we present a set of experiments performed in different computing environments together with obtained results that can be used as reference benchmarks for further research in the field.
An application of the ELECTRE TRI‐C method to characterize government performance in OECD countries
Authors: Costa Ana Sara , Rui Figueira José , Vieira Carlos Rodrigues , Vieira Isabel Viegas 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn the 2010 Toronto summit, the leaders of the G‐20 countries agreed on the implementation of urgent fiscal consolidation plans, following the expansionary policies adopted to curb the recessionary effects of the financial crisis. Unprecedented cuts in public expenditures have taken place, particularly in the European Union periphery, reviving the discussion on the optimal size of the public sector. Supporters of fiscal restraint defend that bigger governments tend to be more inefficient, its opponents assume that government size determines the effectiveness of its performance. However, the social and economic impacts from contractionary fiscal policies ultimately depend on the level of public sector efficiency. Relatively inefficient governments have more scope to consolidate without compromising social welfare. In this paper, we adopt a multiple decision aiding approach, not previously employed for the assessment of complex macroeconomic performances, and employ the ELECTRE TRI‐C outranking method to categorize OECD countries on a set of criteria representing the quality of their public sectors. We then compare the obtained classifications with the share of each government's expenditures on GDP, to identify distinct levels of efficiency. Our analysis suggests that various countries exhibit a margin for efficiency gains, attenuating the social and economic effects of fiscal consolidation policies.
Global patterns in the divergence between phylogenetic diversity and species richness in terrestrial birds
Authors: Voskamp Alke , Baker David J. , Stephens Philip A. , Valdes Paul J. , Willis Stephen G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe conservation value of sites is often based on species richness (SR). However, metrics of phylogenetic diversity (PD) reflect a community's evolutionary potential and reveal the potential for additional conservation value above that based purely on SR. Although PD is typically correlated with SR, localized differences in this relationship have been found in different taxa. Here, we explore geographical variation in global avian PD. We identify where PD is higher or lower than expected (from SR) and explore correlates of those differences, to find communities with high irreplaceability, in terms of the uniqueness of evolutionary histories.LocationGlobal terrestrial.MethodsUsing comprehensive avian phylogenies and global distributional data for all extant birds, we calculated SR and Faith's PD, a widely applied measure of community PD, across the terrestrial world. We modelled the relationship between avian PD for terrestrial birds and its potential environmental correlates. Analyses were conducted at a global scale and also for individual biogeographical realms. Potential explanatory variables of PD included SR, long‐term climate stability, climatic diversity (using altitudinal range as a proxy), habitat diversity and proximity to neighbouring realms.ResultsWe identified areas of high and low relative PD (rPD; PD relative to that expected given SR). Areas of high rPD were associated with deserts and islands, while areas of low rPD were associated with historical glaciation. Our results suggest that rPD is correlated with different environmental variables in different parts of the world.Main conclusionsThere is geographical variation in avian rPD, much of which can be explained by putative drivers. However, the importance of these drivers shows pronounced regional variation. Moreover, the variation in avian rPD differs substantially from patterns found for mammals and amphibians. We suggest that PD adds additional insights about the irreplaceability of communities to conventional metrics of biodiversity based on SR, and could be usefully included in assessments of site valuation and prioritization.
Impact of Remote Monitoring on Long‐Term Prognosis in Heart Failure Patients in a Real‐World Cohort: Results From All‐Comers COMMIT‐HF Trial
Authors: KUREK ANNA , TAJSTRA MATEUSZ , GADULA‐GACEK ELZBIETA , BUCHTA PIOTR , SKRZYPEK MICHAL , PYKA LUKASZ , WASIAK MICHAL , SWIETLINSKA MALGORZATA , HAWRANEK MICHAL , POLONSKI LECH , GASIOR MARIUSZ , KOSIUK JEDRZEJ 
Published: February 2017

Remote Monitoring in Real‐World CohortBackgroundRandomized controlled trials demonstrate that remote monitoring (RM) of implantable cardioverter–defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices (CRT‐Ds) may improve quality of care and prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients. However, the impact of RM on long‐term mortality in a real‐world cohort is still not well examined.Methods and ResultsThis study was designed as a matched cohort study based on the COMMIT‐HF trial––a single‐center, ongoing prospective observational registry (NCT02536443). Complete patient demographics, medical history, in‐hospital results, hospitalizations, and mortality data were collected based on institutional registries and healthcare providers’ records. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on RM presence and matched by means of propensity scores according to clinical characteristics. The primary endpoint of this study was the long‐term all‐cause mortality. Out of 1,429 consecutive patients, 822 patients with a first implantation of an ICD/CRT‐D were included in the analysis. The final matched study population contained 574 patients in RM and in a control group. Although demographic and echocardiographic parameters as well as pharmacological treatments were similar in both groups, a significantly lower 1‐year mortality was detected in the RM group (2.1% vs. 11.5%, P < 0.0001). This was also maintained during a 3‐year follow‐up (4.9% vs. 22.3%, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that RM was associated with an improved prognosis (hazard ratio 0.187, 95% confidence interval 0.075–0.467, P = 0.0003).ConclusionRM of HF patients with ICDs/CRT‐Ds significantly reduced long‐term mortality in a real‐world clinical condition.
Echocardiographic Predictors of Long‐Term Survival in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: What Is the Optimal Metric?
Authors: RICKARD JOHN , BARANOWSKI BRYAN , WILSON TANG W.H. , GRIMM RICHARD A. , NIEBAUER MARK , CANTILLION DANIEL , WILKOFF BRUCE L. , VARMA NIRAJ 
Published: February 2017

Reverse Remodeling Survival CRTBackgroundMultiple definitions of reverse ventricular remodeling (RVR) employing various changes in left ventricular end‐systolic (LVESV) or diastolic volumes (LVEDVs) or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have been used in determining cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response, making comparability across studies difficult. We compared different metrics to each other, and in combination, in terms of association with long‐term outcomes.MethodsWe collected clinical and echocardiographic data on 436 patients undergoing CRT. LVEF was assessed via a combined volumetric and visual assessment. Volumes were manually traced. Using a nested multivariate model of a priori determined predictors of long‐term survival free of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or heart transplant, multiple definitions of RVR were added to the model individually to determine which provided the best model fit.ResultsOver a mean follow‐up of 5.4 ± 2.3 years, there were 198 endpoints (10 LVADs, 15 heart transplants, and 173 deaths). When added to a nested model controlling for multiple potential confounders, all definitions of RVR were significantly associated with improved survival. Changes in LVEF and LVESV were superior to changes in LVEDV. A combination metric of an LVEF improvement ≥ 5% and LVESV reduction ≥ 10% was the best overall metric for model fit.ConclusionsChanges in LVESV and LVEF are better predictors of long‐term outcome following CRT compared to changes in LVEDV. Adding an assessment of LVEF to reduction in LVESV ≥ 10% provided the best overall definition for RVR in predicting CRT outcomes.
Explaining the sex difference in dyslexia
Authors: Arnett Anne B. , Pennington Bruce F. , Peterson Robin L. , Willcutt Erik G. , DeFries John C. , Olson Richard K. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundMales are diagnosed with dyslexia more frequently than females, even in epidemiological samples. This may be explained by greater variance in males’ reading performance.MethodsWe expand on previous research by rigorously testing the variance difference theory, and testing for mediation of the sex difference by cognitive correlates. We developed an analytic framework that can be applied to group differences in any psychiatric disorder.ResultsMales’ overrepresentation in the low performance tail of the reading distribution was accounted for by mean and variance differences across sex. There was no sex difference at the high performance tail. Processing speed (PS) and inhibitory control partially mediated the sex difference. Verbal reasoning emerged as a strength in males.ConclusionsOur results complement a previous finding that PS partially mediates the sex difference in symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and helps explain the sex difference in both dyslexia and ADHD and their comorbidity.
Association between poor psychosocial conditions and diabetic nephropathy in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ninomiya Hiroyo , Katakami Naoto , Matsuoka Taka‐aki , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Nishizawa Hitoshi , Maeda Norikazu , Otsuki Michio , Imagawa Akihisa , Iso Hiroyasu , Ohira Tetsuya , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionIt is suggested that a positive psychosocial condition has a good effect on health and glycemic control. However, there has been no research to evaluate the association between positive psychosocial factors and diabetic nephropathy (DN). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between psychosocial factors and DN in patients with type 2 diabetes.Material and MethodsTo assess psychosocial condition, six indicators (happiness score, Life Orientation Test‐revised score as an indicator of dispositional optimism, laughter frequency, self‐awareness of stress, social network and social support) were assessed by a self‐administered questionnaire, and associations between these psychosocial indicators and the presence of DN were examined.ResultsA cross‐sectional analysis of patients with (n = 123) and without DN (n = 220) showed that a high score for happiness (odds ratio [OR] per 1 standard deviation 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–0.89, P = 0.003), high Life Orientation Test‐revised score (OR per 1 standard deviation 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.98, P = 0.035), less self‐awareness of stress (OR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.34–0.90, P = 0.017), high connection of social network (OR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35–0.87, P = 0.010) and high social support (OR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38–0.96, P = 0.035) were associated with a reduced risk of prevalence of DN. Similar results were observed even after adjustment for the following conventional risk factors of DN: age, sex, duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c, hypertension, dyslipidemia and current smoking.ConclusionsThe present study showed that five out of six prespecified indicators of psychosocial condition were significantly associated with the presence of DN in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.