bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of postoperative opioid analgesia using clinical‐experimental parameters and electroencephalography
Authors: Gram M. , Erlenwein J. , Petzke F. , Falla D. , Przemeck M. , Emons M.I. , Reuster M. , Olesen S.S. , Drewes A.M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundOpioids are often used for pain treatment, but the response is often insufficient and dependent on e.g. the pain condition, genetic factors and drug class. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify biomarkers to enable selection of the appropriate drug for the individual patient, a concept known as personalized medicine. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) and clinical parameters can provide some guidance for response, but better and more objective biomarkers are urgently warranted. Electroencephalography (EEG) may be suitable since it assesses the central nervous system where opioids mediate their effects.MethodsClinical parameters, QST and EEG (during rest and tonic pain) was recorded from patients the day prior to total hip replacement surgery. Postoperative pain treatment was performed using oxycodone and piritramide as patient‐controlled analgesia. Patients were stratified into responders and non‐responders based on pain ratings 24 h post‐surgery. Parameters were analysed using conventional group‐wise statistical methods. Furthermore, EEG was analysed by machine learning to predict individual response.ResultsEighty‐one patients were included, of which 51 responded to postoperative opioid treatment (30 non‐responders). Conventional statistics showed that more severe pre‐existing chronic pain was prevalent among non‐responders to opioid treatment (p = 0.04). Preoperative EEG analysis was able to predict responders with an accuracy of 65% (p = 0.009), but only during tonic pain.ConclusionsChronic pain grade before surgery is associated with the outcome of postoperative pain treatment. Furthermore, EEG shows potential as an objective biomarker and might be used to predict postoperative opioid analgesia.SignificanceThe current clinical study demonstrates the viability of EEG as a biomarker and with results consistent with previous experimental results. The combined method of machine learning and electroencephalography offers promising results for future developments of personalized pain treatment.
Self‐image and schadenfreude: Pleasure at others' misfortune enhances satisfaction of basic human needs
Authors: Brambilla Marco , Riva Paolo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe present research tested whether observing the failure of another individual and experiencing schadenfreude (i.e., pleasure at others' misfortune) enhance the satisfaction of basic psychological needs in terms of self‐esteem, control, belongingness, and meaningful existence. Considering hypothetical scenarios (Experiments 1 and 4), real‐life experiences (Experiment 2), and ostensibly real interactions (Experiment 3), four experiments revealed that individuals reported higher levels of need satisfaction when another's setback occurred in a competitive circumstance rather than in a non‐competitive circumstance. Moreover, the increased feeling of schadenfreude accounted for the effect of observing the misfortune befalling a competitor on the subsequent satisfaction of human needs. Results are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications for research on schadenfreude, and future research directions are outlined.
On Patient Well‐being and Professional Authority
Authors: Solomon Mildred Z. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTwo papers in this issue address the limits of surrogates’ authority when making life‐and‐death decisions for dying family members or friends. Using palliative sedation as an example, Jeffrey Berger offers a conceptual argument for bounding surrogate authority. Since freedom from pain is an essential interest, when imminently dying, cognitively incapacitated patients are in duress and their symptoms are not manageable in any other way, clinicians should be free to offer palliative sedation without surrogate consent, although assent should be sought and every effort made to work with surrogates as harmoniously as possible. Ellen Robinson and her colleagues report on the implementation of a policy at Massachusetts General Hospital that supports do‐not‐resuscitate orders when cardiopulmonary resuscitation is likely to be ineffective or harmful, even if surrogates disagree. The “Doing No Harm” policy at MGH allows for what MGH calls a “medically indicated DNR” and what in some other places is called “a unilateral DNR”—the writing of an order not to provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation, regardless of surrogate disapproval. These kinds of DNR policies have emerged in some hospitals across the country and for much the same reason that Berger provides in his argument regarding palliative sedation. I support the reasoning and the policies in both the Berger and Robinson papers. However, as the authors would most likely agree, the problems they aim to remedy are not simply about the scope of surrogate and professional authority. They are also symptoms of inattention to professional obligations and system failures.
Care under the Influence
Authors: Fins Joseph J. , Knowlton Samantha F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA forty‐year‐old man is brought to the emergency room by his wife at five in the morning, two hours after he fell down the stairs at home, hitting his head and injuring his arm. He tells the ER physician that he got up to get a drink of water and tripped in the dark. His speech is slurred, and he smells strongly of alcohol. Lab results reveal elevated liver enzymes, and his blood alcohol level is 0.1. His medical history is unremarkable. When asked about his alcohol consumption, he says he usually has one or two drinks a night with dinner but that he drinks more on holidays and special occasions. He admits he had more to drink than usual last night because it had been a stressful day at work, but he is vague about how much he drank. His wife takes the ER physician aside and describes a very different situation. She says that her husband regularly has three or four drinks a night. She always goes to bed before he does and thinks he stays up later so he can continue to drink. She says that he often has no memory of conversations they had the night before and is concerned because he makes work‐related calls at night. When asked what he does for a living, she hesitates, and then answers that he is an internist. He does not work at this hospital but works at one of its affiliated clinics.The ER doctor is concerned that his patient is an impaired physician. Yet when the admitting hospitalist, to whom he explains the situation, asks if he really wants to “go there,” he shrugs his shoulders. “I suppose,” she replies, “you might as well call an ethics consult.”
Maternal c‐reactive protein and oxidative stress markers as predictors of delivery latency in patients experiencing preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Ryu Hyun Kyung , Moon Jong Ho , Heo Hyun Ji , Kim Jong Woon , Kim Yoon Ha 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of maternal serum c‐reactive protein (CRP), lipid peroxide, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), to predict the interval between membrane rupture and delivery in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).MethodsThe present prospective study included patients with singleton pregnancies experiencing PPROM at earlier than 34 weeks of pregnancy who underwent spontaneous vaginal delivery between August 1, 2010 and July 31, 2013 at Chonnam National University Hospital, Republic of Korea. Patients were categorized based on whether delivery occurred within 3 days of PPROM or after. CRP levels, lipid peroxide (using malondialdehyde levels), ORAC, protein carbonyl, and other potential risk factors were compared between the groups.ResultsThere were 72 patients included. Maternal serum CRP levels, malondialdehyde levels, and Bishop Score were higher in patients who underwent delivery within 3 days (all P<0.05); ORAC levels were lower among these patients (P=0.002). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that CRP, malondialdehyde, and ORAC levels were predictive of delivery within 3 days after PPROM.ConclusionMaternal serum CRP, malondialdehyde, and ORAC levels at admission were useful in predicting the latent period in patients with PPROM.
RETRACTED: Association of biochemical markers with the severity of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Maged Ahmed M. , Aid Gamal , Bassiouny Nehal , Eldin Doaa S. , Dahab Sherif , Ghamry Nevein K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between pre‐eclampsia severity and biochemical and ultrasonography markers.MethodsA retrospective study was undertaken of women with severe pre‐eclampsia (group 1, n=90), mild pre‐eclampsia (group 2, n=90), or a normal pregnancy (group 3, n=90) who attended a hospital in Egypt in October 2013–April 2015. Associations between pre‐eclampsia and biochemical, cardiotocography, and ultrasonography markers were investigated.ResultsThere were significant differences between the groups in C‐reactive protein (331.44±112.38, 251.43±59.05, and 23.81±16.19 nmol/L; P≤0.05 for all), platelet count (113.40±36.72, 172.93±57.60, and 212.68±70.00×109/L; P≤0.05 for group 1 comparisons), alanine transaminase (52.24±14.83, 38.34±13.12, and 23.11±6.92 U/L; P≤0.05 for group 1 comparisons), and serum uric acid (600.80±117.19, 481.83±118.97, and 243.89±53.54 μmol/L; P=0.050 for group 3 comparisons). Cardiotocography score was worse among women with severe pre‐eclampsia than among those in the other two groups (P=0.039 for both comparisons). Biophysical profile score and umbilical artery resistance index differed by group (P≤0.05 for all). Middle cerebral artery resistance index was lower among women with severe pre‐eclampsia (P≤0.05).ConclusionThe levels of C‐reactive protein, blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, and alanine transaminase, and the platelet count were linked with the presence and severity of pre‐eclampsia.
Does breech delivery in an upright position instead of on the back improve outcomes and avoid cesareans?
Authors: Louwen Frank , Daviss Betty‐Anne , Johnson Kenneth C. , Reitter Anke 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare breech outcomes when mothers delivering vaginally are upright, on their back, or planning cesareans.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was undertaken of all women who presented for singleton breech delivery at a center in Frankfurt, Germany, between January 2004 and June 2011.ResultsOf 750 women with term breech delivery, 315 (42.0%) planned and received a cesarean. Of 269 successful vaginal deliveries of neonates, 229 in the upright position were compared with 40 in the dorsal position. Upright deliveries were associated with significantly fewer delivery maneuvers (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.31–0.68) and neonatal birth injuries (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.58), second stages that were 42% shorter on average (1.02 vs 1.77 hours), and nonsignificantly decreased serious perineal lacerations (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.05–3.99). When upright position was used almost exclusively, the cesarean rate decreased. Serious fetal and neonatal morbidity potentially related to birth mode was low, and similar for upright vaginal deliveries compared with planned cesareans (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.10–19.11). Three neonates died; all had lethal birth defects. Forceps were never required.ConclusionUpright vaginal breech delivery was associated with reductions in duration of the second stage of labor, maneuvers required, maternal/neonatal injuries, and cesarean rate when compared with vaginal delivery in the dorsal position.
Tertiary‐level study of the implementation of a technique checklist for cesarean deliveries at a university hospital in Uruguay
Authors: Viroga Stephanie , Vitureira Gerardo , Artucio Santiago , Lauría Washington 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the adherence of healthcare providers to cesarean‐delivery techniques before and after the introduction of a technique checklist at a university hospital.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional cohort study included data from all cesarean deliveries at Gynecology Clinic B of the University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay, between January 1 and December 31, 2011. The data were grouped based on whether delivery occurred before or after the implementation of the checklist and were compared across a range of cesarean‐delivery techniques.ResultsData from 296 cesarean deliveries were included; 130 from before implementation and 166 from after. After the implementation of the checklist, complete adherence to all techniques was observed in 28 (16.9%) deliveries. Following the introduction of the checklist, the odds of prophylactic cefazolin (OR 8.35, 95% CI 3.74–20.9), chlorhexidine (OR 8.98, 95% CI 3.72–23.7), cord traction for the third stage of labor (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.33–3.85), and double‐layer hysterorrhaphy (OR 3.65, 95% CI 2.09–6.55) being properly applied increased compared with before the implementation of the checklist.ConclusionsOverall adherence to the prescribed techniques was low. The implementation of this checklist improved the odds of several techniques being applied by between two‐ and eight‐fold.
INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEM CYBER SECURITY AND THE CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES
Authors: Weiss Joe 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIndustrial control systems (ICSs) are critical to the operation of a modern society. ICS design is to be reliable and safe, rather than cyber secure. There is insufficient understanding of ICS cyber threats and what makes them different from traditional IT malware. ICSs throughout the world monitor and control electric grids, power plants, water and waste water systems, chemical plants, refineries, pipelines, manufacturing, transportation, and other physical processes. ICSs are systems of systems requiring cyber security to address the networks, the control centers, field devices, communication protocols, software, and firmware of each device.Cyber incidents, defined by US Presidential Policy Directive (PPD) 41 (https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/07/26/presidential-policy-directive-united-states-cyber-incident), are electronic communications between systems that can impact confidentiality, integrity, and/or availability. As of November 2016, I have a database of more than 900 actual ICS cyber incidents. Most of the incidents were not malicious and most were not identified as being cyber‐related. Cyber attacks against ICSs have been rare. The most famous attack was Stuxnet (http://www.langner.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/To-kill-a-centrifuge.pdf). In December 2015, the Ukrainian electric grid was cyber attacked and more than 230,000 customers lost power (https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/alerts/IR-ALERT-H-16-056-01). The test at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in March 2007 (Swearingen et al. 2013) demonstrated the Aurora vulnerability. Aurora exploits a physical gap in protection of the electric grid affecting ALL substations. It uses the protective devices as the vehicle for the attack, which effectively removes any protection. It also uses the electric infrastructure against itself and its customers. The US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) inadvertently made the true nature of the Aurora vulnerability public in July 2014 (https://www.muckrock.com/foi/united-states-of-america-10/operation-aurora-11765/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter#1212530-14f00304-documents, May 22, 2014). Most publicly available information about Aurora has been misleading which resulted in most utilities not taking actions to prevent this real threat. The reason for the explanation about Aurora is the Ukrainian cyber attack used step 1 of the 2 steps of Aurora – remotely opening the breakers. The attackers chose not to go to Step 2 – reclosing the breakers out‐of‐phase with the grid.
CYBERSECURITY AND THE CRITICAL VULNERABILITY OF THE DUTCH WATER CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors: de Liefde Berber , de Liefde Jan 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTEveryone can imagine what will happen when the Internet undergoes a major cyber attack or when it is no longer possible to get money out the automated teller machine (ATM). The consequences of a cyber attack for water barriers, locks and sluices, retaining structures, pumping stations and tunnels are not visible to most Dutch people, or a thought for most people anywhere in the world. Depending on the season and the level of the water, the mainland in the Netherlands will flood or will be in a drought if the water control system is inoperable due to cyber attack, and thus the mainland will be unprotected by retaining structures or pumping stations, that are controlled via the Internet. Transportation on water or road will stop by locks, sluices, and tunnels. The effect will be that stores and companies do not receive stock. In the worst case, the import and export of the Netherlands will be on hold; this will have a major impact on the Dutch economy, because we depend on the trading.This article will examine the cyber effects in relation to many critical water and transportation systems of the Netherlands. The second part of the article will give an idea of which measures the Dutch government prescribed to the different contracting parties involved during design, realisation, operation, and maintenance of the infrastructure systems. The last part gives you a glimpse in the consequences of these measures for each of the phases of development, realisation, and maintenance executed by private companies.
A HUMAN‐FOCUSED, HOLISTIC MODEL OF COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
Authors: McDermott Tom , Folds Dennis , Hutto C.J. , Nadolski Molly 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a model‐based systems engineering framework used to integrate physical, socio‐ecological, and psychological factors of community resilience in urban areas. The first year of a multi‐year project, the use of systems engineering methods to produce a combined human development and infrastructure development model for city resilience building provides an interesting case study for evolving systems engineering methods. The project used a sociotechnical‐modeling framework to capture social factors of community sustainability and resilience in the context of critical infrastructure renewal. Two system constructs of human capital, standard of living, and subjective well‐being, were linked to environmental, infrastructure, economic, and institutional factors to represent human capital aspects of community resilience at multiple scales. The framework identified causal relationships between individual micro‐scale indicators of infrastructure and social program development, and aggregate effects of human capital development. The goal is to define a full set of evaluation factors and computer‐based decision analysis tools for macro‐scale decision criteria for social, behavioral, and economic decision‐making in community infrastructures.
Hypophosphatasia: Enzyme Replacement Therapy Brings New Opportunities and New Challenges
Authors: Whyte Michael P 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is caused by loss-of-function mutation(s) of the gene that encodes the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Autosomal inheritance (dominant or recessive) from among more than 300 predominantly missense defects of TNSALP (ALPL) explains HPP's broad-ranging severity, the greatest of all skeletal diseases. In health, TNSALP is linked to cell surfaces and richly expressed in the skeleton and developing teeth. In HPP,TNSALP substrates accumulate extracellularly, including inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), an inhibitor of mineralization. The PPi excess can cause tooth loss, rickets or osteomalacia, calcific arthropathies, and perhaps muscle weakness. Severely affected infants may seize from insufficient hydrolysis of pyridoxal 5ʹ-phosphate (PLP), the major extracellular vitamin B6. Now, significant successes are documented for newborns, infants, and children severely affected by HPP given asfotase alfa, a hydroxyapatite-targeted recombinant TNSALP. Since fall 2015, this biologic is approved by regulatory agencies multinationally typically for pediatric-onset HPP. Safe and effective treatment is now possible for this last rickets to have a medical therapy, but a number of challenges involving diagnosis, understanding prognosis, and providing this treatment are reviewed herein. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
To Pad or Not to Pad: Towards Better Sanitary Care for Women in Indian Slums
Authors: Garikipati Supriya , Boudot Camille 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA number of programmes have recently been initiated to popularise the use of sanitary pads among poor women in developing countries. In this light, we review the prevailing menstrual practices in different contexts across India, as well as the initiatives undertaken to improve sanitary care. We also report findings from a study amongst women in slums of Hyderabad. We find high usage of sanitary pads (56 to 64 percent), suggesting that development initiatives have percolated down to the urban poor. Furthermore, we find that although a large number of cloth users (57 percent) are willing to change practice, an overwhelming number of them (94 percent) elicit a preference for re‐usable cloth pads. This suggests a disengagement with public policy discourses on menstrual care that have so far focused singularly on promotion of sanitary pads. We draw upon these results to comment on better sanitary care for women slum dwellers in a rapidly urbanising context. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On My Terms: Sharing a Story of Hypocrisy and Transformation
Authors: Clauss‐Ehlers Caroline S. , Parham William D. 
Published: January 2017

The 4th interviewee for the Hearing Our Elders series is Mr. Bob Zellner. Mr. Zellner's experience growing up in the segregated South underscores a commitment to stand up to obstacles and societal norms, even when to do so was life threatening. His experiences remind us of a historical time not too long ago that, to hear, one might think could never happen. And yet, witnessing his experience in the context of modern‐day struggles portrayed in the civil rights movement; the 2016 Tennessee denial of service law for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer individuals; and the 2016 Orlando shooting outside a gay nightclub reminds us that the historical events of Mr. Zellner's past are not too distant from the present. The interview captures 6 themes: being nonconforming in the face of punitive measures, living a purposeful life, pushing beyond comfort zones, early experiences as resilience building, self‐evaluation as a cornerstone for commitment, and giving meaning to grief.El señor Zellner creció en una comunidad segregada del sur, y su experiencia subraya su compromiso para enfrentar obstáculos y normas sociales, aunque hacerlo pueda poner en riesgo la vida. Sus vivencias nos recuerdan un periodo histórico no muy lejano que hoy podría parecer inconcebible. Y aun así, contemplar sus experiencias en el contexto de las luchas actuales del movimiento por los derechos civiles (como la ley de 2016 en Tennessee que permitía denegar servicios a personas lesbianas, gais, bisexuales, transexuales y queer; y el tiroteo de 2016 en Orlando en un club gay) nos recuerda que los eventos históricos del pasado del señor Zellner no están tan alejados del presente. La entrevista captura 6 temas: el inconformismo frente a medidas punitivas, vivir la vida con decisión, salir de las zonas de confort, experiencias tempranas como factores de resiliencia, la autoevaluación como cimiento del compromiso, y darle sentido al sufrimiento.