bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil biochar amendment affects the diversity of nosZ transcripts: Implications for N2O formation
Authors: Harter Johannes , El-Hadidi Mohamed , Huson Daniel H. , Kappler Andreas , Behrens Sebastian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMicrobial nitrogen transformation processes such as denitrification represent major sources of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Soil biochar amendment has been shown to significantly decrease N2O emissions in various soils. However, the effect of biochar on the structure and function of microbial communities that actively perform nitrogen redox transformations has not been studied in detail yet. To analyse the community composition of actively denitrifying and N2O-reducing microbial communities, we collected RNA samples at different time points from a soil microcosm experiment conducted under denitrifying conditions and performed Illumina amplicon sequencing targeting nirK, typical nosZ and atypical nosZ mRNA transcripts. Within 10 days, biochar significantly increased the diversity of nirK and typical nosZ transcripts and resulted in taxonomic shifts among the typical nosZ-expressing microbial community. Furthermore, biochar addition led to a significant increase in transcript production among microbial species that are specialized on direct N2O reduction from the environment. Our results point towards a potential coupling of biochar-induced N2O emission reduction and an increase in microbial N2O reduction activity among specific groups of typical and atypical N2O reducers. However, experiments with other soils and biochars will be required to verify the transferability of these findings to other soil-biochar systems.
‘Candidatus Cochliophilus cryoturris’ (Coxiellaceae), a symbiont of the testate amoeba Cochliopodium minus
Authors: Tsao Han-Fei , Scheikl Ute , Volland Jean-Marie , Köhsler Martina , Bright Monika , Walochnik Julia , Horn Matthias 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFree-living amoebae are well known for their role in controlling microbial community composition through grazing, but some groups, namely Acanthamoeba species, also frequently serve as hosts for bacterial symbionts. Here we report the first identification of a bacterial symbiont in the testate amoeba Cochliopodium. The amoeba was isolated from a cooling tower water sample and identified as C. minus. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy revealed intracellular symbionts located in vacuoles. 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis identified the endosymbiont as member of a monophyletic group within the family Coxiellaceae (Gammaprotebacteria; Legionellales), only moderately related to known amoeba symbionts. We propose to tentatively classify these bacteria as ‘Candidatus Cochliophilus cryoturris’. Our findings add both, a novel group of amoeba and a novel group of symbionts, to the growing list of bacteria-amoeba relationships.
Violation of the virial theorem and generalized equipartition theorem for logarithmic oscillators serving as a thermostat
Authors: Chen Kai , He Dahai , Zhao Hong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA logarithmic oscillator has been proposed to serve as a thermostat recently since it has a peculiar property of infinite heat capacity according to the virial theorem. In order to examine its feasibility in numerical simulations, a modified logarithmic potential has been applied in previous studies to eliminate the singularity at the origin. The role played by the modification has been elucidated in the present study. We argue that the virial theorem is practically violated in finite-time simulations of the modified log-oscillator illustrated by a linear dependence of kinetic temperature on energy. Furthermore, as far as a thermalized log-oscillator is concerned, our calculation based on the canonical ensemble average shows that the generalized equipartition theorem is broken if the temperature is higher than a critical temperature. Finally, we show that log-oscillators fail to serve as thermostats for their incapability of maintaining a nonequilibrium steady state even though their energy is appropriately assigned.
Exosomal microRNAs in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) breast milk: potential maternal regulators for the development of newborn cubs
Authors: Ma Jideng , Wang Chengdong , Long Keren , Zhang Hemin , Zhang Jinwei , Jin Long , Tang Qianzi , Jiang Anan , Wang Xun , Tian Shilin , Chen Li , He Dafang , Li Desheng , Huang Shan , Jiang Zhi , Li Mingzhou 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe physiological role of miRNAs is widely understood to include fine-tuning the post-transcriptional regulation of a wide array of biological processes. Extensive studies have indicated that exosomal miRNAs in the bodily fluids of various organisms can be transferred between living cells for the delivery of gene silencing signals. Here, we illustrated the expression characteristics of exosomal miRNAs in giant panda breast milk during distinct lactation periods and highlighted the enrichment of immune- and development-related endogenous miRNAs in colostral and mature giant panda milk. These miRNAs are stable, even under certain harsh conditions, via the protection of extracellular vesicles. These findings indicate that breast milk may facilitate the dietary intake of maternal miRNAs by infants for the regulation of postnatal development. We also detected exogenous plant miRNAs from the primary food source of the giant panda (bamboo) in the exosomes of giant panda breast milk that were associated with regulatory roles in basic metabolism and neuron development. This result suggested that dietary plant miRNAs are absorbed by host cells and subsequently secreted into bodily fluids as potential cross-kingdom regulators. In conclusion, exosomal miRNAs in giant panda breast milk may be crucial maternal regulators for the development of intrinsic ‘slink’ newborn cubs.
A Russian Dolls ordering of the Hadamard basis for compressive single-pixel imaging
Authors: Sun Ming-Jie , Meng Ling-Tong , Edgar Matthew P. , Padgett Miles J. , Radwell Neal 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSingle-pixel imaging is an alternate imaging technique particularly well-suited to imaging modalities such as hyper-spectral imaging, depth mapping, 3D profiling. However, the single-pixel technique requires sequential measurements resulting in a trade-off between spatial resolution and acquisition time, limiting real-time video applications to relatively low resolutions. Compressed sensing techniques can be used to improve this trade-off. However, in this low resolution regime, conventional compressed sensing techniques have limited impact due to lack of sparsity in the datasets. Here we present an alternative compressed sensing method in which we optimize the measurement order of the Hadamard basis, such that at discretized increments we obtain complete sampling for different spatial resolutions. In addition, this method uses deterministic acquisition, rather than the randomized sampling used in conventional compressed sensing. This so-called ‘Russian Dolls’ ordering also benefits from minimal computational overhead for image reconstruction. We find that this compressive approach performs as well as other compressive sensing techniques with greatly simplified post processing, resulting in significantly faster image reconstruction. Therefore, the proposed method may be useful for single-pixel imaging in the low resolution, high-frame rate regime, or video-rate acquisition.
Combination of RAD001 (everolimus) and docetaxel reduces prostate and breast cancer cell VEGF production and tumour vascularisation independently of sphingosine-kinase-1
Authors: Alshaker Heba , Wang Qi , Böhler Torsten , Mills Robert , Winkler Mathias , Arafat Tawfiq , Kawano Yoshiaki , Pchejetski Dmitri 
Published: June 2017

AbstractResistance to docetaxel is a key problem in current prostate and breast cancer management. We have recently discovered a new molecular mechanism of prostate cancer docetaxel chemoresistance mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/sphingosine-kinase-1 (SK1) pathway. Here we investigated the influence of this pathway on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and tumour vascularisation in hormone resistant prostate and breast cancer models. Immunofluorescent staining of tumour sections from human oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer patients showed a strong correlation between phosphorylated P70S6 kinase (mTOR downstream target), VEGF and SK1 protein expression. In hormone-insensitive prostate (PC3) and breast (MDA-MB-231 and BT-549) cancer cell lines the mTOR inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) has significantly inhibited SK1 and VEGF expression, while low dose (5 nM) docetaxel had no significant effect. In these cell lines, SK1 overexpression slightly increased the basal levels of VEGF, but did not block the inhibitory effect of RAD001 on VEGF. In a human prostate xenograft model established in nude mice, RAD001 alone or in combination with docetaxel has suppressed tumour growth, VEGF expression and decreased tumour vasculature. Overall, our data demonstrate a new mechanism of an independent regulation of SK1 and VEGF by mTOR in hormone-insensitive prostate and breast cancers.
Hydrogen sulfide stimulates CFTR in Xenopus oocytes by activation of the cAMP/PKA signalling axis
Authors: Perniss Alexander , Preiss Kathrin , Nier Marcel , Althaus Mike 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as a signalling molecule which affects the activity of ion channels and transporters in epithelial cells. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an epithelial anion channel and a key regulator of electrolyte and fluid homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the regulation of CFTR by H2S. Human CFTR was heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes and its activity was electrophysiologically measured by microelectrode recordings. The H2S-forming sulphur salt Na2S as well as the slow-releasing H2S-liberating compound GYY4137 increased transmembrane currents of CFTR-expressing oocytes. Na2S had no effect on native, non-injected oocytes. The effect of Na2S was blocked by the CFTR inhibitor CFTR_inh172, the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor MDL 12330A, and the protein kinase A antagonist cAMPS-Rp. Na2S potentiated CFTR stimulation by forskolin, but not that by IBMX. Na2S enhanced CFTR stimulation by membrane-permeable 8Br-cAMP under inhibition of adenylyl cyclase-mediated cAMP production by MDL 12330A. These data indicate that H2S activates CFTR in Xenopus oocytes by inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity and subsequent stimulation of CFTR by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. In epithelia, an increased CFTR activity may correspond to a pro-secretory response to H2S which may be endogenously produced by the epithelium or H2S-generating microflora.
Intraoperative imaging of hepatic cancers using γ-glutamyltranspeptidase-specific fluorophore enabling real-time identification and estimation of recurrence
Authors: Miyata Yoichi , Ishizawa Takeaki , Kamiya Mako , Yamashita Suguru , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Ushiku Aya , Shibahara Junji , Fukayama Masashi , Urano Yasuteru , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: June 2017

Abstractγ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is upregulated in a variety of human cancers including primary and secondary hepatic tumors. This motivated us to use γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG), a novel fluorophore emitting light at around 520 nm following enzymatic reaction with GGT, as a tool for the intraoperative identification of hepatic tumors. gGlu-HMRG was topically applied to 103 freshly resected hepatic specimens. Fluorescence imaging using gGlu-HMRG identified hepatic tumors with the sensitivity/specificity of 48%/96% for hepatocellular carcinoma, 100%/100% for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and 87%/100% for colorectal liver metastasis. High gGlu-HMRG fluorescence intensity was positively associated with the incidence of microscopic vascular invasion in HCC and the risk of early postoperative recurrence in CRLM. These results suggest that gGlu-HMRG imaging could not only be a useful intraoperative navigation tool but also provide information related to postoperative disease recurrence.
The role of organic acids on microbial deterioration in the Radix pseudostellariae rhizosphere under continuous monoculture regimes
Authors: Wu Hongmiao , Wu Linkun , Zhu Quan , Wang Juanying , Qin Xianjin , Xu Jiahui , Kong Lufei , Chen Jun , Lin Sheng , Umar Khan Muhammad , Amjad Hira , Lin Wenxiong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA three-year field monoculture trial of Radix pseudostellariae and complementary laboratory studies were conducted to further elucidate the underlying mechanism responsible for significant decreases in the biomass yield and quality of R. pseudostellariae under continuous monoculture regimes. HPLC analysis indicated that continuous monoculture soil was rich in organic acids, which had cumulative effects over time. Further analysis suggested that the application of a mixture of organic acids significantly promoted growth of pathogenic fungi, and increased the expression of chemotaxis-related gene (cheA) and biofilm formation of the specific pathogenic Kosakonia sacchari. However, opposite reactions were observed in the case of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus pumilus. Concurrently, the present results revealed that the mixed organic acids stimulated the production of toxins, as well as H2O2 in the pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, the presence of organic acids reflecting environmental conditions under monocropping had negative effects on the expression of the biocontrol-related genes, which resulted in attenuated antagonistic activities of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to suppress mycelial growth of the pathogenic fungi. These results help to unveil the mechanisms associated with how accumulated organic acids differentially mediate deterioration of soil microbial composition and structure in monocropping system.
Differential effects of a post-anthesis heat stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain proteome determined by iTRAQ
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Pan Jiajia , Huang Xiuwen , Guo Dandan , Lou Hongyao , Hou Zhenghong , Su Meng , Liang Rongqi , Xie Chaojie , You Mingshan , Li Baoyun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHeat stress, a major abiotic stressor of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), often results in reduced yield and decreased quality. In this study, a proteomic method, Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation Isobaric (iTRAQ), was adopted to analyze the protein expression profile changes among wheat cultivar Jing411 under heat stress. Results indicated that there were 256 different proteins expressed in Jing411 under heat stress. According to the result of gene annotation and functional classification, 239 proteins were annotated by 856 GO function entries, including growth and metabolism proteins, energy metabolism proteins, processing and storage proteins, defense-related proteins, signal transduction, unknown function proteins and hypothetical proteins. GO enrichment analysis suggested that the differentially expressed proteins in Jing411 under heat stress were mainly involved in stimulus response (67), abiotic stress response (26) and stress response (58), kinase activity (12), and transferase activity (12). Among the differentially expressed proteins in Jing411, 115 were attributed to 119 KEGG signaling/metabolic pathways. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis in Jing411 showed that heat stress mainly affected the starch and sucrose metabolism as well as protein synthesis pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein interaction network indicated that there were 8 differentially expressed proteins that could form an interaction network in Jing411.
Toxocariasis in Children: An Update on Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Ramadan Manar , El-Sayed Nagwa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractToxocariasis, a parasitic infection, carries a major health risk in children, especially in the developing countries. Children are the most infected group because of their undeveloped immune system, their higher exposure to infection, and the frequency of reinfections depending on the factors related to their hygienic and behavioral habits. Many human infections are asymptomatic, with only eosinophilia and positive serology. However, several complications were associated with this neglected disease. These complications depend on the organs invaded by migrating Toxocara larvae, the degree of the larvae burden, and the strength of the host immune response. This review aims at giving an update on clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of toxocariasis in children. The pediatricians should merge this information into their clinical diagnosis to defeat this neglected disease by establishing the correct diagnosis and treatment.
Association Between Years of Experience and Ankle Joint Disorder in Male Student Basketball Players Based on Ultrasonography
Authors: Fukushima Yaeko 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Purpose The goal of the study was to survey ankle joint disorder in male senior high school and college student basketball players based on the results of an ultrasonographic medical check-up of the ankle joint.
Materials and Methods The subjects were 17 senior high school student and 19 college student basketball players. Ultrasonography, evaluation of ATFL injury, and examination of the talocrural joint region were performed. The subjects were grouped based on the presence or absence of old ATFL injury, and subjects with ATFL injury were classified by the injured region: fibular insertion site, parenchyma, and talar insertion site. The talocrural joint region was evaluated based on the areas of the lateral margin, central region, and medial margin, and sites with an irregular bone contour and osteophyte were counted individually. The questionnaire asked about the patients’ history of ankle injuries.
Results A questionnaire survey revealed that 70–79% of all subjects had experienced a sprain at least once and 21–29% had frequently sprained the left or right foot 10 or more times in the past. On ultrasonography, there was no significant difference in ligament injury or injured site between the senior high school and college students, but the number of osteochondral findings in the talocrural joint region was significantly higher in the college students. In addition, the number of injured sites significantly increased in those with 10 or more years of playing experience.
Conclusion These results suggest that disorder of the talocrural joint region progresses with an increase in years of experience in student basketball players who do not take specific preventive measures against this injury.
Pflanzenschätze für die Haut
Authors: Huber Ellen 
Published: June 2017

SummaryHeilpflanzen mit antibakteriellen und entzündungshemmenden Eigenschaften haben großes Potenzial für den Einsatz in der Wundheilung und Hautregeneration. Die Erfahrung zeigt, dass pflanzliche Zubereitungen seltener zu Resistenzbildung führen als klassische Antibiotika. Viele Pflanzen sind jedoch in Vergessenheit geraten. Darunter die hier vorgestellten: Schmalblättriges Weidenröschen, Kleine Braunelle und Vogelknöterich.
Grammatical categories at the Lexicon-Syntax-Semantics interface
Authors: Romeu Juan 
Published: June 2017

Although it is descriptively useful to classify lexical items into grammatical categories, this classification is not theoretically accurate and it requires a more fine-grained analysis.
This is possible by means of a model like the one presented in this article. In it, each node of a universal syntactic structure encodes an indecomposable semantic component (which can be altered by modifiers). Lexical items lexicalize different chunks of the structure. The category to which they are related and the differences between elements belonging to the same category depend on the chunk they lexicalize.
I show that prepositions, for instance, lexicalize different chunks of the structure around the node Rel(ation) (only Rel, Rel and a modifier or only a modifier of Rel). This explains the different behavior of lexical items included under the label preposition (as can be seen, for instance, in their different possibilities of combination).
The moral virtue of open-mindedness
Authors: Song Yujia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper gives a new and richer account of open-mindedness as a moral virtue. I argue that the main problem with existing accounts is that they derive the moral value of open-mindedness entirely from theepistemicrole it plays in moral thought. This view is overly intellectualist. I argue that open-mindedness as a moral virtue promotes our flourishing alongside others in ways that are quite independent of its role in correcting our beliefs. I close my discussion by distinguishing open-mindedness from what some might consider its equivalent: empathy and tolerance.
R&D Concentration Under Endogenous Fixed Costs: Evidence from Genetically Modified Corn Seed
Authors: Anderson Benjamin C. , Sheldon Ian M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe examine the role of fixed costs in research and development (R&D) in the market for genetically modified (GM) corn seed. In a mixed model of horizontal differentiation by genetic traits and vertical differentiation by productivity, we derive the empirically testable lower bounds to R&D concentration when R&D investments and market entry are jointly determined. When R&D investments translate into higher product quality, industries are said to be characterized by endogenous fixed costs such that the lower bound to R&D concentration increases with market size, but is less than the lower bound to market concentration based on sales. Using data on field trial applications of GM corn seed, we estimate the lower bound to R&D concentration, and find evidence of endogenous fixed costs with R&D concentration that is significantly greater than perfectly competitive levels. These endogenous fixed costs imply that concentration in the agricultural biotechnology industry is occurring due to the nature of R&D investment in product quality and not through anticompetitive practices. Adjusting for past merger and acquisition activity significantly raises the lower bound for infinitely‐sized markets, but has no impact upon current market sizes, implying the industry may still undergo additional consolidation.