bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motile behavior and predation risk in planktonic copepods
Authors: van Someren Gréve Hans , Almeda Rodrigo , Kiørboe Thomas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPredation is an important source of mortality in zooplankton but factors governing predation risk in marine food webs are still not well understood. Here, we examine the role of zooplankton behavior in determining predation risk. We first quantified motility of copepods with different feeding behaviors (ambush feeding, cruising, and feeding‐current feeding). Second, we estimated remote predator detection and escape characteristics of the studied copepods. Third, we proposed a simple behavior‐dependent encounter model to predict copepod predation risk from rheotactic predators. Finally, we compared our predictions with predation risk previously determined experimentally. For similar sized copepods, predicted predation risks were similar between feeding‐current feeders and cruising feeders, whereas predation was up to 8.5 times lower (range: 1.5–8.5) for ambush feeders. Predicted predation risks further differed between males and females depending on feeding behavior: in ambush feeders males actively search for non‐motile females and their predation risk was up to 6 times higher (range 1.2–6) than for females. In contrast, feeding current‐ and cruising feeders showed small differences in predation risk between genders. In all cases, predicted relative predation risks between particular behaviors were confirmed by empirical data from previous predation experiments. Our results demonstrate that prey behavior of zooplankton may lead to a predictable variation in predation risk from rheotactic predators of up to an order of magnitude, and therefore that individual behavior is an important factor in structuring zooplankton communities.
Oral administration of nasturtium affects peptide YY secretion in male subjects
Authors: Schiess Sonja , Platz Stefanie , Kemper Margrit , Schreiner Monika , Mewis Inga , Rohn Sascha , Bumke‐Vogt Christiane , Pivovarova Olga , Pfeiffer Andreas F.H. 
Published: March 2017

ScopeNasturtium plants contain the glucosinolate glucotropaeolin and its corresponding breakdown product benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), the latter being intensively studied with regard to cancer chemoprevention and anti‐inflammatory properties. In addition, recent research has shown that isothiocyanates are able to activate the release of several gut hormones in vitro and in rodent studies. Here, we tested the effects of a dietary nasturtium administration on circulating levels of gut hormones in humans.Methods and resultsMetabolically healthy males (n = 15) received a single oral dose of 10 g freeze‐dried nasturtium leaf material suspended in water or only water (control). Blood samples were taken every hour and serum concentrations of insulin, C‐peptide, glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1), glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and peptide (PYY) were analyzed. Oral nasturtium intake resulted in an increased release of PYY over a time period of 6 h whereas circulating levels of other hormones were not changed.ConclusionGiven the finding that nasturtium consumption enhances secretion of PYY, a key hormone involved in energy regulation, special diets containing nasturtium, or supplementation with nasturtium or BITC might be considered in the treatment of obesity.
A comparative simulation study of bayesian fitting approaches to intravoxel incoherent motion modeling in diffusion‐weighted MRI
Authors: While Peter T. 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo assess the performance of various least squares and Bayesian modeling approaches to parameter estimation in intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) modeling of diffusion‐weighted MRI data.MethodsSimulated tissue models of different type (breast/liver) and morphology (discrete/continuous) were used to generate noisy data according to the IVIM model at several signal‐to‐noise ratios. IVIM parameter maps were generated using six different approaches, including full nonlinear least squares (LSQ), segmented least squares (SEG), Bayesian modeling with a Gaussian shrinkage prior (BSP) and Bayesian modeling with a spatial homogeneity prior (FBM), plus two modified approaches. Estimators were compared by calculating the median absolute percentage error and deviation, and median percentage bias.ResultsThe Bayesian modeling approaches consistently outperformed the least squares approaches, with lower relative error and deviation, and provided cleaner parameter maps with reduced erroneous heterogeneity. However, a weakness of the Bayesian approaches was exposed, whereby certain tissue features disappeared completely in regions of high parameter uncertainty. Lower error and deviation were generally afforded by FBM compared with BSP, at the cost of higher bias.ConclusionsBayesian modeling is capable of producing more visually pleasing IVIM parameter maps than least squares approaches, but their potential to mask certain tissue features demands caution during implementation. Magn Reson Med 78:2373–2387, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Three‐dimensional quantification of vorticity and helicity from 3D cine PC‐MRI using finite‐element interpolations
Authors: Sotelo Julio , Urbina Jesús , Valverde Israel , Mura Joaquín , Tejos Cristián , Irarrazaval Pablo , Andia Marcelo E. , Hurtado Daniel E. , Uribe Sergio 
Published: March 2017

PurposeWe propose a 3D finite‐element method for the quantification of vorticity and helicity density from 3D cine phase‐contrast (PC) MRI.MethodsBy using a 3D finite‐element method, we seamlessly estimate velocity gradients in 3D. The robustness and convergence were analyzed using a combined Poiseuille and Lamb‐Ossen equation. A computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to compared our method with others available in the literature. Additionally, we computed 3D maps for different 3D cine PC‐MRI data sets: phantom without and with coarctation (18 healthy volunteers and 3 patients).ResultsWe found a good agreement between our method and both the analytical solution of the combined Poiseuille and Lamb‐Ossen. The computational fluid dynamics results showed that our method outperforms current approaches to estimate vorticity and helicity values. In the in silico model, we observed that for a tetrahedral element of 2 mm of characteristic length, we underestimated the vorticity in less than 5% with respect to the analytical solution. In patients, we found higher values of helicity density in comparison to healthy volunteers, associated with vortices in the lumen of the vessels.ConclusionsWe proposed a novel method that provides entire 3D vorticity and helicity density maps, avoiding the used of reformatted 2D planes from 3D cine PC‐MRI. Magn Reson Med 79:541–553, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Effects of Suspended Sediment Transport on Invertebrate Drift
Authors: Béjar M. , Gibbins C. N. , Vericat D. , Batalla R. J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInvertebrate drift plays an important role in river ecosystems. Although drift has been studied extensively, the relative importance of the various factors that initiate drift during disturbances remains unclear. Instream gravel mining releases fine sediment and so provides an opportunity to assess the influence of suspended sediment on drift, without the confounding effects of hydraulic changes and bed‐material entrainment associated with floods. This paper examines invertebrate drift responses to increases in suspended sediment during an episode of mining in a Pyrenean river. During short periods of mining activity, suspended sediment concentrations and thus suspended sediment loads (SSLs) increased one order of magnitude at downstream monitoring sections, with maxima similar to those observed during natural floods in the river. Maximum SSLs were recorded at the sections closest to the mining, with downstream transport patterns suggesting that the majority of suspended material was deposited within 1.5 km. Invertebrate drift rates, the number of taxa drifting and the taxonomic structure of the drift changed at sections close to the mining when suspended sediment concentrations and SSLs were high; such changes were not observed at the section 1.5 km downstream. There were significant relationships between SSL and drift, positive for some groups (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) and negative for others (Chironomidae). Our work shows that increases in suspended sediment alone are sufficient to trigger changes in drift, although further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, and especially to explain the varying responses shown by different taxonomic groups. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent developments in metal‐supported solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Krishnan Venkatesan Venkata 
Published: March 2017

Metal‐supported solid oxide fuel cells (MSCs) offer certain strategic advantages over the more conventional solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which comprise only ceramic materials. Since alloys such as ferritic steels are very similar in their coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) with ceramic components, viz., cerias, zirconias, and nickel oxide doped with either of them, they could provide excellent thermal cyclability while maintaining a strong interlayer bond. Therefore, in an anode‐supported cell the entire NiO‐ceramic support can be replaced by a ferritic steel porous support—the catalytically active NiO is therefore, a functional layer only. A huge savings in materials cost is achievable, because cerias and zirconias [usually doped with Y, Gd, Sm rare earth (RE) elements] are considerably more expensive that ferritic steels. Lowering the capital costs for SOFCs is an extensive global undertaking with US Department of Energy (DOE) laying down targets such as ~$ 200/kW for the stack itself, in order for SOFCs to become competitive with grid power costs and to offer a power source that promises 24 × 7 power supply for critical applications. This will eventually lead to a premier electricity generation device in the distributed power space, with the highest known electrical efficiencies (>50%). MSCs need very robust, high precision, and cost‐effective manufacturing techniques, which are scalable to high volumes. One of the main goals in this review is to showcase some of the work done in this area since the last review (2010), and to assess the technology challenges, and new solutions that have emerged over the past few years. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e246. doi: 10.1002/wene.246This article is categorized under:

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Multidisciplinary Approach to the Management of Esophageal Malignancies
Authors: Joseph Ranjit , Laks Shachar , Meyers Michael , McRee Autumn J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionA multidisciplinary approach in the management of complex malignancies is becoming more common, and likewise, adopting such an approach to the care of patients with locally advanced esophageal is recommended in order to optimize clinical outcomes.MethodsIn this review, we discuss both the surgical and medical oncology perspectives in the management of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. We review the data supporting the current standard‐of‐care approach, namely trimodality therapy with neoadjuvant chemo‐radiotherapy followed by surgery. Other aspects of managing these patients including the control of dysphagia and pain as well as nutritional support are discussed. Finally, we review data that support the importance of incorporating a multidisciplinary streamlined approach in the management of these patients.ResultsRather than having patients see each provider separately, a multidisciplinary approach to esophageal cancer allows for the seamless flow of communication and proactive management of the patient’s symptoms. These benefits include increasing the likelihood of evidence‐based decision making, shorter time to treatment, and increased patient quality of life, all of which can result in improved patient outcomes.ConclusionThe use of a multidisciplinary team can lead to a more accurate staging paradigm and thereby, better management decisions that translate to improved clinical outcomes. Therefore, optimizing the multidisciplinary approach for the care of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer is essential for successful and individualized patient care.
Choroidal thinning: Alzheimer's disease and aging
Authors: Cunha João Paulo , Proença Rita , Dias‐Santos Arnaldo , Melancia Diana , Almeida Rita , Águas Helena , Santos Bruno Oliveira , Alves Marta , Ferreira Joana , Papoila Ana Luísa , Louro Carlota , Castanheira‐Dinis António 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to measure and to compare macular choroidal thickness (CT) between patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients without AD, and elderly patients.MethodsCT was measured manually in 13 locations at 500‐μm intervals of a horizontal and a vertical section from the fovea. Linear regression models were used to analyze the data.ResultsFifty patients with a diagnosis of mild AD (73.1 years), 152 patients without AD (71.03 years), and 50 elderly without AD (82.14 years) were included. In the AD patients, CT was significantly thinner in all 13 locations (P < .001—comparing with age‐match group), and comparing with the elderly group, a more pronounced difference was found in two locations temporal to the fovea.DiscussionPatients with AD showed a significant choroidal thinning even when compared with elderly subjects. The reduction of CT may aid in the diagnoses of AD, probably reflecting the importance of vascular factors in their pathogenesis.
A prospective study of bipolar disorder vulnerability in relation to behavioural activation, behavioural inhibition and dysregulation of the Behavioural Activation System
Authors: Dempsey R.C. , Gooding P.A. , Jones S.H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground:The weak regulation, or “dysregulation”, of the Behavioural Activation System (BAS) is implicated in the development and recurrence of bipolar disorder. However, there has been a lack of prospective studies investigating the predictive role of BAS dysregulation in relation to bipolar-vulnerability. Furthermore, no studies have tested the prospective predictive utility of the DYS self-report measure of BAS dysregulation in an analogue sample. The goal of the current study was to redress this gap.Methods:Participants (n = 127) completed baseline self-report measures of mood symptoms (Internal States Scale [ISS]), the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS), behavioural activation, inhibition and dysregulation of BAS (BIS/BAS and DYS), and at six months, the Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ).Results:Linear regression analysis indicated a significant main effect of BAS Dysregulation, and a significant interaction between BIS and BAS Fun Seeking, on prospective MDQ scores whilst controlling for baseline mood symptoms and HPS scores. The interaction effect indicated that the relationship between high BAS Fun Seeking and follow-up MDQ scores was strongest when BIS scores were high, whilst the lowest MDQ scores were observed for a combination of low BAS Fun Seeking and high BIS. However, DYS scores were the stronger predictor of MDQ scores compared to the BAS Fun Seeking and BIS interaction.Conclusions:Bipolar-vulnerability is prospectively associated with heightened BAS Dysregulation, as measured by the DYS subscale, similar to prior findings in clinical samples. Further research investigating the longer-term associations between BAS Dysregulation with the development of clinically significant bipolar mood symptoms is required.
The t(8;14)(q24.1;q32) and its variant translocations
Authors: Angi Meenu , Kamath Vandana , Yuvarani S. , Meena J. , Sitaram Usha , Manipadam Marie Therese , Nair Sukesh , Ganapule Abhijeet , Fouzia N.A. , Abraham Aby , Viswabandya Auro , Poonkuzhali B. , George Biju , Mathews Vikram , Srivastava Alok , Srivastava Vivi M. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
The t(8;14)(q24.1;q32) and its variants – the t(2;8)(p12;q24.1) and t(8;22)(q24.1; q11.2) are associated with B-cell neoplasia and result in MYC/immunoglobulin (IG) gene rearrangement.

Patients and methods:
We correlated the cytogenetic, molecular and dinico-pathological findings of patients with 8q24 translocations seen in the Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, from January 2003 to December 2015.

Results:
There were 34 patients with 8q24 translocations (31, ALL and three myeloma). The t (8;14) was seen in 25 patients, t(8;22) in seven and t(2;8) in two. The salient findings were as follows: 85% males; 79% adults, median age 37 years; L3 morphology in 61%; mature B immunophenotype in 77%; extra-medullary disease in 41%; additional abnormalities in 28 (85%), notably, structural abnormalities of chromosome 1q (41%) and 13q (9%) and monosomy 13 (15%); complex karyotypes in 68%.
There were two double-hit lymphoma/leukemia, one with a t(14;18)(q32;q21) and the other with a t(3;14)(q27;q11.2), associated with nodal high grade B cell lymphoma and dermal leukemic infiltrates respectively.
Only 13 samples were processed for DNA PCR and all these samples were positive for MYC-IgH (c-gamma type) rearrangement. Only in one patient, in addition to c-gamma, c-alpha rearrangement was also detected.

Conclusion:
The frequency (1.7%) and distribution of these translocations in our series and the association with 1q and 13q abnormalities is similar to the literature. Trisomies 7 and 12 were seen in less than 10% of our patients.
A first-ever dedicated comprehensive review of incidence of epilepsy in South America and Caribbean
Authors: Bhalla Devender , Kapoor Saloni , Kapoor Ani , Lotfalinezhad Elham , Amini Fatemah , Bhatta Nanda , Srivastava Kavita , Tripathi Manjari 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn order to understand true incident burden of epilepsy in South America and Caribbean, several sources were searched in multiple languages using keywords and combinations. The results were presented as counts, proportions, means, and/or medians along with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). No information was found from Caribbean and no information was available from six South American countries. Based on 14 estimates, annual median incidence (N = 185319, 1984–2010, 7 in rural area) of epilepsy for South America was 115.2/100,000 (95% CI 61.0–133.4, range 0.0–410.0). Random-effect pooled annual epilepsy incidence was 84.8/100,000 (95% CI 65.2–104.5). The 25th and 75th percentile of annual epilepsy incidence were 62.2/100,000 and 130.9/100,000 respectively with an interquartile range (IQR) of 68.7. Between-study variance attributable to each explanatory factor was estimated to be: 38.8% from study year, 18.1% from urban-rural milieu, 15.4% from case size, and 0.6% from study size. Descriptively, on average, 445824 (between 236070 and 516258) new cases of epilepsy are possibly occurring every year in South America. In conclusion, Caribbean needs to come forward for its own epilepsy incidence data especially when risk from numerous factors such as substance abuse, mental health, etc. deems high. Epilepsy incidence in South America is likely to be slightly lower than previously reported although this varies considerably for each country. Inter-population differences are in-part (more than 50%) related to urban-rural differences and variations over time. Our work is especially important to monitor secular trends of epilepsy incidence especially when new data would emerge and countries continue to undergo transitions.
The midlife cognitive profiles of adults at high risk of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease: The PREVENT study
Authors: Ritchie Karen , Carrière Isabelle , Su Li , O'Brien John T. , Lovestone Simon , Wells Katie , Ritchie Craig W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionAlthough biomarker studies of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease suggest pathology to be present decades before diagnosis, little is known about cognitive performance at this stage.MethodsA sample of 210 adults (aged 40–59) of whom 103 have a parent diagnosed with dementia (family history subgroup) underwent computerized cognitive testing. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) status was determined, and 193 subjects had magnetic resonance imaging. Distance from dementia onset was estimated in relation to age of parental diagnosis, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia Risk Scores were calculated.ResultsLower hippocampal volumes (P = .04) were associated with poorer spatial location recall and higher Dementia Risk Scores with poorer visual recognition (P = .0005), and lower brain and hippocampal volume (P < .0001, P = .04, respectively). Family history subgroup participants closer to dementia onset had lower scores on visual working memory (P = .05), whereas those with an APOE ε4 allele performed better on form perception (P = .005).DiscussionMiddle‐aged adults at risk of dementia show evidence of poorer cognitive performance, principally in visuospatial functions.
Law, Legislation, and Consent in the Plantagenet Empire: Wales and Ireland, 1272–1461
Authors: Dodd Gwilym 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn recent years, scholars have begun to look afresh at the dynamics of English “imperial” power in the late medieval period, but the extent to which the English dominions were subject to English law and legislation––and the questions of why and how these influences varied between the regions and over an extended period of time––have been considered less systematically and rarely comparatively. With its focus on Wales and Ireland, this article explores the synergies and the strains that shaped attitudes towards the authority of the late medieval English crown and that ultimately determined the extent of England's influence beyond its borders. The article shows that these attitudes were often fundamentally conflicted and contradictory. It highlights the difficulties of the English crown in seeking to balance the elitist agenda of its English subjects, on the one hand, with its desire to bring the Welsh and Irish more squarely within the orbit of the English state system, on the other hand. And it shows how the dominions veered between welcoming and resisting the interference of the English crown. The discussion emphasizes how interaction between the English crown and the people of its dominions was shaped above all by dialogue and negotiation.
A Computer Vision Approach to Identify Einstein Rings and Arcs
Authors: Lee Chien-Hsiu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEinstein rings are rare gems of strong lensing phenomena; the ring images can be used to probe the underlying lens gravitational potential at every position angles, tightly constraining the lens mass profile. In addition, the magnified images also enable us to probe high-z galaxies with enhanced resolution and signal-to-noise ratios. However, only a handful of Einstein rings have been reported, either from serendipitous discoveries or or visual inspections of hundred thousands of massive galaxies or galaxy clusters. In the era of large sky surveys, an automated approach to identify ring pattern in the big data to come is in high demand. Here, we present an Einstein ring recognition approach based on computer vision techniques. The workhorse is the circle Hough transform that recognise circular patterns or arcs in the images. We propose a two-tier approach by first pre-selecting massive galaxies associated with multiple blue objects as possible lens, than use Hough transform to identify circular pattern. As a proof-of-concept, we apply our approach to SDSS, with a high completeness, albeit with low purity. We also apply our approach to other lenses in DES, HSC-SSP, and UltraVISTA survey, illustrating the versatility of our approach.