bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Faint Flux-limited Lyα Emitter Sample at z ∼ 0.3*
Authors: Wold Isak G. B. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Barger Amy J. , Cowie Lennox L. , Rosenwasser Benjamin 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We present a flux-limited sample of z ∼ 0.3 Lyα emitters (LAEs) from Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) grism spectroscopic data. The published GALEX z ∼ 0.3 LAE sample is pre-selected from continuum-bright objects and thus is biased against high equivalent width (EW) LAEs. We remove this continuum pre-selection and compute the EW distribution and the luminosity function of the Lyα emission line directly from our sample. We examine the evolution of these quantities from z ∼ 0.3 to 2.2 and find that the EW distribution shows little evidence for evolution over this redshift range. As shown by previous studies, the Lyα luminosity density from star-forming (SF) galaxies declines rapidly with declining redshift. However, we find that the decline in Lyα luminosity density from z = 2.2 to z = 0.3 may simply mirror the decline seen in the Hα luminosity density from z = 2.2 to z = 0.4, implying little change in the volumetric Lyα escape fraction. Finally, we show that the observed Lyα luminosity density from AGNs is comparable to the observed Lyα luminosity density from SF galaxies at z = 0.3. We suggest that this significant contribution from AGNs to the total observed Lyα luminosity density persists out to z ∼ 2.2.
The Optical–Mid-infrared Extinction Law of the l = 165° Sightline in the Galactic Plane: Diversity of the Extinction Law in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium
Authors: Wang Shu , Jiang B. W. , Zhao He , Chen Xiaodian , de Grijs Richard 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Understanding the effects of dust extinction is important to properly interpret observations. The optical total-to-selective extinction ratio,

, is widely used to describe extinction variations in ultraviolet and optical bands. Since the

extinction curve adequately represents the average extinction law of diffuse regions in the Milky Way, it is commonly used to correct observational measurements along sightlines toward diffuse regions in the interstellar medium. However, the

value may vary even along different diffuse interstellar medium sightlines. In this paper, we investigate the optical–mid-infrared (mid-IR) extinction law toward a very diffuse region at

in the Galactic plane, which was selected based on a CO emission map. Adopting red clump stars as extinction tracers, we determine the optical–mid-IR extinction law for our diffuse region in two APASS bands (

), three XSTPS-GAC bands (

), three 2MASS bands (

), and two WISE bands (

). Specifically, 18 red clump stars were selected from the APOGEE–RC catalog based on spectroscopic data in order to explore the diversity of the extinction law. We find that the optical extinction curves exhibit appreciable diversity. The corresponding

ranges from 1.7 to 3.8, while the mean

value of 2.8 is consistent with the widely adopted average value of 3.1 for Galactic diffuse clouds. There is no apparent correlation between

value and color excess

in the range of interest, from 0.2 to 0.6 mag, or with specific visual extinction per kiloparsec,

.
Symmetry Parameter Constraints from a Lower Bound on Neutron-matter Energy
Authors: Tews Ingo , Lattimer James M. , Ohnishi Akira , Kolomeitsev Evgeni E. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We propose the existence of a lower bound on the energy of pure neutron matter (PNM) on the basis of unitary-gas considerations. We discuss its justification from experimental studies of cold atoms as well as from theoretical studies of neutron matter. We demonstrate that this bound results in limits to the density-dependent symmetry energy, which is the difference between the energies of symmetric nuclear matter and PNM. In particular, this bound leads to a lower limit to the volume symmetry energy parameter S
0. In addition, for assumed values of S
0 above this minimum, this bound implies both upper and lower limits to the symmetry energy slope parameter L
,which describes the lowest-order density dependence of the symmetry energy. A lower bound on neutron-matter incompressibility is also obtained. These bounds are found to be consistent with both recent calculations of the energies of PNM and constraints from nuclear experiments. Our results are significant because several equations of state that are currently used in astrophysical simulations of supernovae and neutron star mergers, as well as in nuclear physics simulations of heavy-ion collisions, have symmetry energy parameters that violate these bounds. Furthermore, below the nuclear saturation density, the bound on neutron-matter energies leads to a lower limit to the density-dependent symmetry energy, which leads to upper limits to the nuclear surface symmetry parameter and the neutron-star crust–core boundary. We also obtain a lower limit to the neutron-skin thicknesses of neutron-rich nuclei. Above the nuclear saturation density, the bound on neutron-matter energies also leads to an upper limit to the symmetry energy, with implications for neutron-star cooling via the direct Urca process.
Mrk 421 after the Giant X-Ray Outburst in 2013
Authors: Kapanadze B. , Dorner D. , Romano P. , Vercellone S. , Kapanadze S. , Tabagari L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We present the results of the Swift observations of the nearby BL Lac object Mrk 421 during 2013 November–2015 June. The source exhibited a strong long-term variability in the 0.3–10 keV band, with a maximum-to-minimum flux ratio of 13, and underwent X-ray flares by a factor of 1.8–5.2 on timescales of a few weeks or shorter. The source showed 48 instances of intraday flux variability in this period, which sometimes was observed within the 1 ks observational run. It was characterized by fractional amplitudes of 1.5(0.3)%–38.6(0.4)% and flux doubling/halving times of 2.6–20.1 hr. The X-ray flux showed a lack of correlation with the TeV flux on some occasions (strong TeV flares were not accompanied by comparable X-ray activity and vice versa), indicating that the high-energy emission in Mrk 421 was generated from an emission region more complex than a single zone. The best fits of the 0.3–10 keV spectra were mainly obtained using the log-parabola model, showing a strong spectral variability that generally followed a “harder-when-brighter” trend. The position of the synchrotron spectral energy distribution peak showed an extreme range from a few eV to ∼10 keV that happens rarely in blazars.
A 13CO Detection in a Brightest Cluster Galaxy
Authors: Vantyghem A. N. , McNamara B. R. , Edge A. C. , Combes F. , Russell H. R. , Fabian A. C. , Hogan M. T. , McDonald M. , Nulsen P. E. J. , Salomé P. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We present ALMA Cycle 4 observations of CO(1-0), CO(3-2), and 13CO(3-2) line emission in the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of RXJ0821+0752. This is one of the first detections of 13CO line emission in a galaxy cluster. Half of the CO(3-2) line emission originates from two clumps of molecular gas that are spatially offset from the galactic center. These clumps are surrounded by diffuse emission that extends 8 kpc in length. The detected 13CO emission is confined entirely to the two bright clumps, with any emission outside of this region lying below our detection threshold. Two distinct velocity components with similar integrated fluxes are detected in the 12CO spectra. The narrower component (60 km s−1 FWHM) is consistent in both velocity centroid and linewidth with 13CO(3-2) emission, while the broader (130–160 km s−1), slightly blueshifted wing has no associated 13CO(3-2) emission. A simple local thermodynamic model indicates that the 13CO emission traces 2.1 × 109 M
⊙ of molecular gas. Isolating the 12CO velocity component that accompanies the 13CO emission yields a CO-to-H2 conversion factor of α
CO = 2.3 M
⊙ (K km s−1)−1, which is a factor of two lower than the Galactic value. Adopting the Galactic CO-to-H2 conversion factor in BCGs may therefore overestimate their molecular gas masses by a factor of two. This is within the object-to-object scatter from extragalactic sources, so calibrations in a larger sample of clusters are necessary in order to confirm a sub-Galactic conversion factor.
La fabrication de l’homme nouveau Khmer rouge et djihadiste
Authors: Sironi Françoise 
Published: October 2017

L’étude comparée entre deux systèmes de production de radicalisations meurtrières, khmer rouge hier, celui de l’Etat Islamique aujourd’hui, montre que les mécanismes psychologiques à l’œuvre sont identiques. Ils reposent sur la mobilisation et l’instrumentalisation des facteurs suivants : les contextes géopolitiques locaux et globaux, les mensonges politiques, une mystification de la fondation, les émotions politiques, la fabrication d’hommes systèmes, le recrutement d’enfants et d’adolescents et les initiations traumatiques aux violences meurtrières. Les deux systèmes constituent une théopathie sacrificielle.
Religiosité contre radicalisation religieuse dans la mondialité
Authors: Bennabi Bensekhar Malika 
Published: October 2017

On ne peut comprendre les évolutions actuelles dans les modalités du « croire » en islam qu’en se replaçant dans le cadre des interactions à l’échelle du monde. La conflictualité de ces interactions tient, entre autres, aux inégalités des rapports dans le monde, à sa bipolarisation et à une histoire coloniale antérieure. C’est à ce contexte qu’il faut référer pour comprendre les pressions exercées pour un retour à « la foi des ancêtres » sur certains jeunes adultes, ou même adolescents, français et liés à l’islam. Des entraves à leur inclusion dans la société, auxquelles s’ajoutent des apories identitaires, peuvent induire une position particulière dans la relation à la spiritualité, voire même les inciter à un retour vers une orthodoxie, en réalité ré-inventée. La trajectoire d’une radicalisation religieuse, celle d’Oum Hobeïd, nous démontre que les messages de radicalisation sont fondés sur une contestation de l’ordre du monde. Ils prennent une valeur de rébellion, comportent des illusions de revanche, de rédemption, de dignité, et d’égalité absolue au-delà de la mort. Ils donnent aussi l’illusion d’une fraternité nouvelle.
Modalités de familiarisation des élèves à la littérature de fiction, de manière à éviter l’échec scolaire
Authors: Casangiu Larisa Ileana , Iftime Alina 
Published: October 2017

En ce qui concerne les œuvres de fiction, certaines séquences sont en fait des métaleçons , si nous considérons que le contenu entier constitue une leçon de vie, en mode utopique, dans l’esprit de la fiction. Nous nous proposons une recherche expérimentale de type amélioratif (recherche-développement, qualitative), basée sur l’hypothèse suivante : il est allégué que, grâce à la littérature de fiction (que nous rendons accessible aux élèves/enfants d’âge scolaire), les élèves auront une attitude positive envers l’alphabétisation et le désir de connaissance dans un cadre institutionnalisé.
Les dispositifs de lutte contre l’échec scolaire Expérience au sein du Collège Pie 10 à Châtelineau (Belgique)
Authors: Lahdily Soumia 
Published: October 2017

Les défis auxquels est confrontée l’école sont nombreux. Dès lors, si elle souhaite les affronter, elle doit nécessairement se penser différemment. C’est ce que le Collège Pie 10 à Châtelineau tente de faire au quotidien. Voilà presque dix ans que l’établissement a repensé son organisation jusqu’à modifier les rythmes scolaires. Mais pas seulement. Cette école tente également à son échelle de prévenir le décrochage scolaire. Dans ce sens, elle a mis sur pied un dispositif interne d’accrochage scolaire, sorte de sas d’écoute où le jeune peut, s’il le souhaite, être accompagné par un intervenant social. L’idée a mûri et la spécificité du travail s’est peu à peu précisée. Cet article tente donc de rendre compte du projet des nouveaux rythmes scolaires ainsi que du travail d’accrochage réalisé au sein du dispositif.
Sobre la reconstitución del pensamiento crítico
Authors: Hinkelammert Franz 
Published: October 2017

Rebuilding critical thought implies its critic. But this critic can not be a rupture with that critical thought, but rethinking those elements that have been put apart by others. For that reason, this must be an inner critic, not an external one. That explains why it must be necessarily a self-critic.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 115, 2008: 35-64
Elementos marxistas para la crítica de la ortodoxia neoclásica del comercio internacional
Authors: Góchez Sevilla Roberto 
Published: October 2017

Since the decade of 80’s, trade liberalization policies have become predominant. Such policies are aimed to reach eventually an ideal “free trade”. Neo-Classic orthodoxy may admit that there are initial problems on free trade, assuming them as momentary problems for some sectors. Some contemporary authors have contributed to update the marxist economic theory. Their contributions are important in order to build a theoretic core, based upon the marxist theory of value-labor, due to the potentialities that such analytic frame offers to understand the real current dynamics.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 115, 2008: 87-108
Utopía y dignidad: acercamiento a la mística-política de Ernst Bloch
Authors: López de Goicoechea Zabala Javier 
Published: October 2017

The following essay is an overview to the works of Ernst Bloch, who contributed to contemporary Marxism. The author of The principie of hope claims for the need for utopia. His thought is characterized by a militant optimism on humankind.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 115, 2008: 163-175
Políticas sociales y desarrollo: una exploración sociológica
Authors: Alfaro Salvador Orlando 
Published: October 2017

In the last two decades, social programs became a mechanism of social control, through which the actors with most power have a strong influence to legitimate their perspectives and ideologies in the poverty zones in a context characterized by a development model inspired in the ruling Neo-Liberalism. In this context, this paper discusses some of the most relevant issues regarding social policies in Latin America and its social effects.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 117, 2008: 463-477
Oxygen-limited metabolism in the methanotroph Methylomicrobium buryatense 5GB1C
Authors: Gilman Alexey , Fu Yanfen , Hendershott Melissa , Chu Frances , Puri Aaron W. , Smith Amanda Lee , Pesesky Mitchell , Lieberman Rose , Beck David A.C. , Lidstrom Mary E. 
Published: October 2017

The bacteria that grow on methane aerobically (methanotrophs) support populations of non-methanotrophs in the natural environment by excreting methane-derived carbon. One group of excreted compounds are short-chain organic acids, generated in highest abundance when cultures are grown under O2-starvation. We examined this O2-starvation condition in the methanotroph Methylomicrobium buryatense 5GB1. The M. buryatense 5GB1 genome contains homologs for all enzymes necessary for a fermentative metabolism, and we hypothesize that a metabolic switch to fermentation can be induced by low-O2 conditions. Under prolonged O2-starvation in a closed vial, this methanotroph increases the amount of acetate excreted about 10-fold, but the formate, lactate, and succinate excreted do not respond to this culture condition. In bioreactor cultures, the amount of each excreted product is similar across a range of growth rates and limiting substrates, including O2-limitation. A set of mutants were generated in genes predicted to be involved in generating or regulating excretion of these compounds and tested for growth defects, and changes in excretion products. The phenotypes and associated metabolic flux modeling suggested that in M. buryatense 5GB1, formate and acetate are excreted in response to redox imbalance. Our results indicate that even under O2-starvation conditions, M. buryatense 5GB1 maintains a metabolic state representing a combination of fermentation and respiration metabolism.
The Iceland Plate Boundary Zone: Propagating Rifts, Migrating Transforms, and Rift‐Parallel Strike‐Slip Faults
Authors: Karson J. A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnlike most of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, the North America/Eurasia plate boundary in Iceland lies above sea level where magmatic and tectonic processes can be directly investigated in subaerial exposures. Accordingly, geologic processes in Iceland have long been recognized as possible analogs for seafloor spreading in the submerged parts of the mid‐ocean ridge system. Combining existing and new data from across Iceland provides an integrated view of this active, mostly subaerial plate boundary. The broad Iceland plate boundary zone includes segmented rift zones linked by transform fault zones. Rift propagation and transform fault migration away from the Iceland hotspot rearrange the plate boundary configuration resulting in widespread deformation of older crust and reactivation of spreading‐related structures. Rift propagation results in block rotations that are accommodated by widespread, rift‐parallel, strike‐slip faulting. The geometry and kinematics of faulting in Iceland may have implications for spreading processes elsewhere on the mid‐ocean ridge system where rift propagation and transform migration occur.
Ammonia in Jupiter's Troposphere From High‐Resolution 5 μm Spectroscopy
Authors: Giles Rohini S. , Fletcher Leigh N. , Irwin Patrick G. J. , Orton Glenn S. , Sinclair James A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractJupiter's tropospheric ammonia (NH3) abundance is studied using spatially resolved 5 μm observations from the cryogenic high‐resolution infrared spectrograph (CRIRES) at the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope. The high‐resolving power (R = 96,000) allows the line shapes of three NH3 absorption features to be resolved. We find that within the 1–4 bar pressure range, the NH3 abundance decreases with altitude. The instrument slit was aligned north‐south along Jupiter's central meridian, allowing us to search for latitudinal variability. There is considerable uncertainty in the large‐scale latitudinal variability, as the increase in cloud opacity in zones compared to belts can mask absorption features. However, we do find evidence for a strong NH3 enhancement at 4–6°N, consistent with a localized “ammonia plume” on the southern edge of Jupiter's North Equatorial Belt.
Laboratory Measurements of X‐Ray Emissions From Centimeter‐Long Streamer Corona Discharges
Authors: da Silva C. L. , Millan R. M. , McGaw D. G. , Yu C. T. , Putter A. S. , LaBelle J. , Dwyer J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe provide extensive evidence that runaway electron acceleration and subsequent bremsstrahlung X‐ray emission are a common feature in negative electrical discharges with voltages as low as 100 kV, indicating that all negative lightning could potentially produce runaway electrons. Centimeter long streamer corona discharges produce bursts of X‐ray radiation, emitted by a source highly compact in space and time, leading to photon pileup. Median photon burst energies vary between 33 and 96 keV in 100 kV discharges. Statistical analysis of 5,000+ discharges shows that X‐rays are observed in as many as 60% of the triggers, depending on the configuration. X‐ray detection is more frequent when streamers are not followed by a spark, the detector is oriented perpendicular to the gap, and a thicker anode is used. In an 8‐cm‐long gap, X‐rays are produced when runaway electrons hit the anode, and the electron acceleration is not necessarily correlated with streamer collisions.
Collision‐Induced Melting in Collisions of Water Ice Nanograins: Strong Deformations and Prevention of Bouncing
Authors: Nietiadi Maureen L. , Umstätter Philipp , Alabd Alhafez Iyad , Rosandi Yudi , Bringa Eduardo M. , Urbassek Herbert M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCollisions between ice grains are ubiquitous in the outer solar system. The mechanics of such collisions is traditionally described by the elastic contact theory of adhesive spheres. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to study collisions between nanometer‐sized amorphous water ice grains. We demonstrate that the collision‐induced heating leads to grain melting in the interface of the colliding grains. The large lateral deformations and grain sticking induced considerably modify available macroscopic collision models. We report on systematic increases of the contact radius, strong grain deformations, and the prevention of grain bouncing.
Why and How to Write a High‐Impact Review Paper: Lessons From Eight Years of Editorial Board Service to Reviews of Geophysics
Authors: Moldwin Mark B. , Florindo Fabio , Okin Gregory , Robock Alan , Rohling Eelco J. , Cardenas Bayani , Carlton Annmarie , Chen Kate Huihsuan , Crucifix Michel , Gettelman Andrew , Hubbard Alun , Katsura Tomoo , Painter Thomas H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHigh‐impact review papers describe and synthesize the current state of the art, the open questions and controversies, and provide ideas for future investigations. They are written not only for a specific scientific discipline but also for the broader Earth and space science community. They not only summarize the literature, but they also create a framework from which to understand the progress, problems, and connections between different communities, observations, models, and approaches. Here we describe how to write a high‐impact review paper, and why you should consider writing one for Reviews of Geophysics.
Probabilistic Solar Wind Forecasting Using Large Ensembles of Near‐Sun Conditions With a Simple One‐Dimensional “Upwind” Scheme
Authors: Owens Mathew J. , Riley Pete 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLong lead‐time space‐weather forecasting requires accurate prediction of the near‐Earth solar wind. The current state of the art uses a coronal model to extrapolate the observed photospheric magnetic field to the upper corona, where it is related to solar wind speed through empirical relations. These near‐Sun solar wind and magnetic field conditions provide the inner boundary condition to three‐dimensional numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models of the heliosphere out to 1 AU. This physics‐based approach can capture dynamic processes within the solar wind, which affect the resulting conditions in near‐Earth space. However, this deterministic approach lacks a quantification of forecast uncertainty. Here we describe a complementary method to exploit the near‐Sun solar wind information produced by coronal models and provide a quantitative estimate of forecast uncertainty. By sampling the near‐Sun solar wind speed at a range of latitudes about the sub‐Earth point, we produce a large ensemble (N = 576) of time series at the base of the Sun‐Earth line. Propagating these conditions to Earth by a three‐dimensional MHD model would be computationally prohibitive; thus, a computationally efficient one‐dimensional “upwind” scheme is used. The variance in the resulting near‐Earth solar wind speed ensemble is shown to provide an accurate measure of the forecast uncertainty. Applying this technique over 1996–2016, the upwind ensemble is found to provide a more “actionable” forecast than a single deterministic forecast; potential economic value is increased for all operational scenarios, but particularly when false alarms are important (i.e., where the cost of taking mitigating action is relatively large).