bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using and choosing digital health technologies: a communications science perspective
Authors: Ovretveit John , Wu Albert , Street Richard , Thimbleby Harold , Thilo Friederike , Hannawa Annegret 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore a non-technical overview for leaders and researchers about how to use a communications perspective to better assess, design and use digital health technologies (DHTs) to improve healthcare performance and to encourage more research into implementation and use of these technologies.

Design/methodology/approach
Narrative overview, showing through examples the issues and benefits of introducing DHTs for healthcare performance and the insights that communications science brings to their design and use.

Findings
Communications research has revealed the many ways in which people communicate in non-verbal ways, and how this can be lost or degraded in digitally mediated forms. These losses are often not recognized, can increase risks to patients and reduce staff satisfaction. Yet digital technologies also contribute to improving healthcare performance and staff morale if skillfully designed and implemented.

Research limitations/implications
Researchers are provided with an introduction to the limitations of the research and to how communications science can contribute to a multidisciplinary research approach to evaluating and assisting the implementation of these technologies to improve healthcare performance.

Practical implications
Using this overview, managers are more able to ask questions about how the new DHTs will affect healthcare and take a stronger role in implementing these technologies to improve performance.

Originality/value
New insights into the use and understanding of DHTs from applying the new multidiscipline of communications science. A situated communications perspective helps to assess how a new technology can complement rather than degrade professional relationships and how safer implementation and use of these technologies can be devised.
Work(er)-driven innovation
Authors: Smith Raymond 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe focus on innovation as a foundational element of enhanced organisational performance has led to the promoting and valuing of greater levels of employee participation in innovation processes. An emergent concept of employee-driven innovation could be argued to have hindered understandings of the creative and transformative nature of work and the kinds of work and learning practices that all workers engage in as part of their routine occupational practices. The purpose of this paper is to propose that a stronger focus on work-learning as workers’ personal enactment of the collective activities that comprise their occupational practice and its circumstances can clarify the nature of innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on an extended ethnographic study (18 months) of 12 employees from four different workplaces and who were engaged in a variety of different occupational practices.FindingsThe argument is advanced through discussion of four kinds of innovation that were identified through examining the work-learning practices of restaurant, gymnasium, computing and fire service workers. They are personal heuristics, test benching, efficiencies and shared needs.Originality/valueThese innovation forms illuminate personal work-learning practices and offer means of explaining innovation as a foundational factor of work, suggesting that work that supports these work-learning practices can enhance organisational innovation.
Toward more practical measurement of teamwork skills
Authors: Brock Sabra E. , McAliney Peter J. , Ma Chun Hui , Sen Ashis 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to take a fresh look at how well instruments commonly used to calibrate teamwork skills reflect the reality of today’s workplace. Given the number of teamwork skills instruments that have been available for many decades, the question was, why still are so many workplace teams not successful?Design/methodology/approachThis practitioner exploration identified insights from a small group of experienced Indian managers on what makes a successful team. It compares these insights to the dimensions identified in one readily available practitioner-developed teamwork skills instrument and to those characteristics identified in the literature.FindingsThe match was less than perfect between the criteria these experienced managers used to predict team success and the combination of the dimensions in the literature and what the tool measured. Analysis indicated these managers felt that successful teams indeed required good communication among members (as identified in the literature), but they added the specificity that the element of communication characterized as effective listening was a key contributor to team success. Additionally, they did not just exhibit effective conflict resolution techniques (as identified in the literature), but also relied upon debate, discussion, flexibility, trust and cohesiveness. The findings also suggested the importance of understanding each other’s strengths and weaknesses and of giving credit, which were not included on the instrument used.Originality/valueGiven the growing importance of diverse international teams and the continued high failure rate of many teams, there is a need to take a fresh look at evaluating insights of successful team members using the additional lenses of culture, technology-enhanced communications and distributed work approaches. These insights should be compared to those skills that have been historically measured by instruments commonly used to calibrate teamwork skills and described in the literature. If the measuring tools are accurate, why do so many teams fail? If instruments are to be useful in guiding improvement of teamwork skills, they need to calibrate the specific skills that differentiate success from failure in today’s real world.
“Through the looking glass: envisioning new library technologies” educational trends that will impact library technology
Authors: Fernandez Peter 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This column takes a big picture look at some of the technology-related trends in education to identify potential opportunities for libraries.

Design/methodology/approach
In particular, it is inspired by the 2016 NMC Horizon Report, which attempts to identify and describe emerging technologies likely to have an impact on learning, teaching and creative inquiry in education.

Findings
Although this report was created in the context of higher education, it impacts all libraries that support lifelong learning. In fact, some of the concepts considered in the report, such as digital literacy and makerspaces, are already well integrated into the operations of many libraries.

Originality/value
This column’s focus will be on the concepts of personalized learning, competing models of education and the blending of informal and formal learning, and it will examine how libraries can use related technologies to position themselves to best assist their patrons in the future.
A putative Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor domain protein from Helicobacter pylori is dimeric in solution and interacts with human Toll‐like receptor adaptor myeloid differentiation primary response 88
Authors: Kaplan‐Türköz Burcu 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori, an important human pathogen, is capable of causing persistent infection with minimal immune response. The first line of defense during H. pylori infection is through gastric epithelial cells that present TLR, A family of bacterial proteins that share homology with the Toll/IL‐1 receptor (TIR) domain were identified. Bacterial TIR proteins (BTP) mimic human TIR domain proteins and act on myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) signaling pathways to suppress TLR signaling. H. pylori may also produce a similar protein. A putative H. pylori BTP was found based on sequence homology. The corresponding gene hp1437 was inserted into an expression vector in fusion with an N‐terminal cleavable 6his‐tag. The recombinant protein, 6his‐HP1437, was purified using nickel affinity chromatography with a yield of 8 mg/L culture. Oligomerization of HP1437 was investigated by size‐exclusion chromatography. It was found that HP1437 forms dimers in solution similar to other BTPs. Furthermore, glutathione S‐transferase pull down assays identified an interaction between HP1437 and human TIR domain adaptor MyD88. These findings suggest that HP1437 has the characteristic features of BTPs and may play a direct role in reducing immune response against H. pylori by binding to MyD88 and pave the way for an in‐depth characterization of this putative novel H. pylori virulence factor.
Serologic evidence of Brucella infection in pinnipeds along the coast of Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of Japan
Authors: Abe Erika , Ohishi Kazue , Ishinazaka Tsuyoshi , Fujii Kei , Maruyama Tadashi 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBrucella infection in Hokkaido was serologically surveyed in four species of pinnipeds inhabiting Cape Erimo during 2008–2013 and the Shiretoko Peninsula in 1999 by ELISA using Brucella abortus and B. canis as antigens. Anti‐Brucella positive sera showed higher absorbance to B. abortus than B. canis in almost all samples. Anti‐B. abortus antibodies were detected in serum samples from 24% (n = 55) of Western Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina stejnegeri) in Cape Erimo and from 66% (n = 41) of spotted seals (P. largha), 15% (n = 20) of ribbon seals (Histriophoca fasciata) and 18% (n = 17) of Western Steller's sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus jubatus) in the Shiretoko Peninsula. Anti‐Brucella antibodies were detected at higher absorbance in 1‐ to 4‐year‐old harbor seals than in the pups and mature animals, suggesting either that Brucella infection mainly occurs after weaning or that it is maternally transmitted to pups with premature or suppressed immunity. Anti‐Brucella antibodies were detected in both immature and mature spotted seals and ribbon seals, with higher absorbance in the former. The antibodies were detected only in mature Western Steller's sea lions. Western blot analysis of the serum samples showed some differences in band appearances, namely discrete versus smeary, and in the number of bands, indicating that multiple different Brucella may be prevalent in pinnipeds in Hokkaido. Alternatively, the Brucella of pinnipeds may have some intra‐species diversity.
Drug Recognition Evaluation and Chemical Confirmation of a 25C‐NBOMe‐Impaired Driver
Authors: Rajotte James W. , Palmentier Jean‐Paul F.P. , Wallage Helena Rachelle 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis case report details an individual arrested for drug‐impaired driving after leaving the scene of multiple motor vehicle collisions and evading police. The driver was examined by a drug recognition expert and failed the drug recognition evaluation. The driver admitted to using cocaine, marijuana, an antidepressant medication and “N‐bomb,” a novel psychoactive substance that possesses hallucinogenic properties. Toxicological analyses at the Centre of Forensic Sciences’ Toronto laboratory revealed only the substance 2‐[4‐chloro‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl]‐N‐[(2‐methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine (25C‐NBOMe) in the accused's urine. This is the first report in which 25C‐NBOMe was identified through DRE and toxicological analyses in a drug‐impaired driver.
Introducing Human Mandible Identification [(hu)MANid]: A Free, Web‐BasedGUIto Classify Human Mandibles
Authors: Berg Gregory E. , Kenyhercz Michael W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractStatistical programs have revolutionized the way in which forensic anthropologists conduct casework by allowing practitioners to use computationally complex analytics at the click of a button. Importantly, the products of these statistical programs are reproducible and contain measures of error or uncertainty, thereby strengthening conclusions. This paper is an introduction to (hu)MANid, a free, web‐based application that uses linear and mixture discriminant function analyses to classify human mandibles into one of many worldwide and/or periodic reference groups. The mechanics, development, and use of the application will be discussed. Further, the program was tested against other software to compare model performances and classifications. Total correct classifications among the test cases and programs were identical. Ten mandibles were tested using both statistical procedures. Mixture discriminant analysis improved classification by an average of 9.3% and correctly identified three more mandibles thanLDA. Therefore, we believe (hu)MANid will be an asset to the anthropological community.
Diet, dietary selectivity and density of South American grey fox, Lycalopex griseus, in Central Chile
Authors: MUÑOZ‐PEDREROS Andrés , YÁÑEZ José , NORAMBUENA Heraldo V. , ZÚÑIGA Alfredo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe South American grey fox Lycalopex griseus is a canid widely distributed in southern South America; however, some aspects of its biology are still poorly known. We studied the diet and density of L. griseus in the Lago Peñuelas Biosphere Reserve, in Central Chile. The trophic niche breadth was B = 6.16 (Bsta = 0.47) and prey diversity was H′ = 2.46 (Hmax′ = 3.17, J′ = 0.78). The highest proportions of prey consumed in the diet were Oryctolagus cuniculus (52.21%) and other mammals (32.78%). We compared these results with a latitudinal gradient of diet results for this species in Chile. L. griseus eats mostly mammals (>90% of total prey), consuming the rodent Phyllotis darwini and reptiles in the northern zone; Oryctolagus cuniculus, Octodon degus and Abrocoma bennetti in the central zone; Abrothrix spp. and lagomorphs in the southern zone; and Lepus capensis and Ovis aries in the austral zone. The estimated density of L. griseus in Lago Peñuelas NR was 1.3 foxes/km2.
Physiological study of the anorectal reflex in patients with functional anorectal and defecation disorders
Authors: Thiruppathy Kumaran , Mason John , Akbari Khalid , Raeburn Amanda , Emmanuel Anton 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVEFecal incontinence (FI) and constipation can arise from a variety of alterations of anorectal function. This study aimed to investigate the components of the anorecal reflex in patients with these symptoms and to determine the functional significance of various physiological parameters.METHODSAltogether 21 healthy volunteers (controls) and 78 FI‐predominant and 74 constipation‐predominant patients were recruited and administered Wexner incontinence and constipation questionnaires. All participants underwent standardized anorectal physiology assessments.RESULTSPatients with passive FI had lower resting sphincter pressures than controls (38 cmH2O vs 87 cmH2O,
P
< 0.05), while those with urge FI had lower squeeze pressures than controls (37 cmH2O vs 119 cmH2O,
P
< 0.05). Patients with urge FI had lower maximal tolerable volumes (100 mL vs 166 mL,
P
< 0.05). Patients with slow‐transit constipation had elevated rectal electrosensitivity thresholds compared with controls (31.4 mA vs 20.2 mA,
P
< 0.05), and rectal mucosal blood flow than patients with evacuation difficulty and controls (107 vs 162 flux units (FU) [evacuation difficulty] vs 169 FU [controls],
P
< 0.05). Only patients with passive FI were associated with reflex abnormalities (prolonged recovery phase (1.2 ms vs 0.5 ms,
P
< 0.05) and total duration of reflex (6.3 ms vs 4.3 ms,
P
< 0.05).CONCLUSIONSAnorectal motor, sensory and reflex abnormalities are seen in distinct patterns in patients with FI and constipation. This would suggest distinct physiological differences that may predict the potential for different neuromodulation treatment and behavioral modalities in these conditions.
Rate of positive autoimmune markers in Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 carriers: a case‐control study from Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Ghezeldasht Sanaz , Hedayati‐Moghaddam Mohammad Reza , Habibi Meysam , Mollahosseini Farzad , Rafatpanah Houshang , Miri Rahele , Hatef Fard MohammadReza , Sahebari Maryam 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimHuman T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) infection with high prevalence in the north‐east of Iran, particularly in Mashhad, can lead to adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and a variety of autoimmune diseases. The aim of the study was to examine the presence of autoimmune markers in HTLV carries.MethodsSerum samples were obtained from blood donors in Mashhad, northeastern Iran. One hundred and five HTLV‐1 positive (cases) and 104 age‐ and sex‐matched HTLV‐1 negative donors (controls) were assessed for presence of serum autoimmune markers by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe mean ages of cases and controls were 40.8 ± 9.4 and 41.5 ± 9.3 years, respectively (P = 0.5). In the case group, 81.9% and in the control group 83.7% were male (P = 0.74). The frequency of positive antinuclear antibodies and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in the serum of the two groups were not significantly different (P = 0.68 and P = 0.62, respectively). Only one antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐positive case (1%) was observed in the group and no anti‐phospholipid immunoglobulin G positivity was observed. The frequency of rheumatoid factor (RF) was greater in case group than in the control group, although the difference was not significant (P = 0.08). The amount of RF in all 12 RF positive sera were higher than normal levels (33–37 IU/mL).ConclusionBecause we failed to detect any significant relation between serum autoimmune markers and HTLV‐1 infection, and because of the relatively low prevalence of autoimmune diseases, it could be concluded that healthy HTLV‐1 carriers do not produce rheumatologic‐related auto‐antibodies more than the healthy population.
Association between genetic variants in the human leukocyte antigen‐B/MICA and Takayasu arteritis in Chinese Han population
Authors: Wen Xiaoting , Chen Si , Li Jing , Li Yuan , Li Liubing , Wu Ziyan , Yuan Hui , Tian Xinping , Zhang Fengchun , Li Yongzhe 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTakayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare autoimmune disease with ethnic differences. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) showed novel genetic variants in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region were associated with TA. The present study aimed to investigate the linkage between these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and TA in a Chinese Han population.MethodsFour hundred and twelve patients from multiple centers and 597 healthy controls were genotyped using the Sequenom MassArray iPLEX platform. The association between these SNPs and various clinical symptom of TA was also investigated.ResultsOur study showed a higher risk allele frequency of rs12524487 in TA patients compared to healthy controls (26.6% vs. 21.7%, odds ratio [OR] 1.31, 95% CI 1.06–1.61). The other SNP rs9366782 in HLA‐B/MICA (major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide‐related sequence A) showed association with TA ischemic brain disease (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.16–2.73, Pc = 0.03). However, rs3763288 and rs114202986 in MICA were negatively related to TA either as a whole or in any clinical features. Meanwhile, ATGT(rs9366782, rs12524487, rs3763288 and rs114202986) were the risk haplotypes (Pc = 2.48 × 10−10).ConclusionsOur findings indicated that rs12524487 in HLA‐B/MICA was a genetic risk factor for TA in a Chinese Han population and rs9366782 in this region was associated with ischemic brain disease in TA but not TA susceptibility.
Comparing the adverse effects of platinum in combination with etoposide or irinotecan in previously untreated small‐cell lung cancer patients with extensive disease: A network meta‐analyses
Authors: Chen Yujie , Chen Lingxiao , Zhong Diansheng 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe safety of front‐line chemotherapies for the treatment of extensive stage small‐cell lung cancer (ED‐SCLC) is uncertain. We carried out a network meta‐analysis to compare the toxicity of different therapies for ED‐SCLC.MethodsWe searched EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL and clinicaltrials.gov. We performed network meta‐analysis on hematological (anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia) and non‐hematological toxicities (diarrhea, infection, and nausea and vomiting).ResultsNine studies with 2317 patients were included. Etoposide with carboplatin (EC) was associated with a higher incidence of anemia (odds ratio [OR] 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–3.63), leukopenia (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.25–5.72), neutropenia (OR 12.08, 95% CI 2.13–68.66), and thrombocytopenia (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.27–5.85) compared with irinotecan with carboplatin (IC). Similarly, etoposide with cisplatin (EP) was associated with a higher incidence of anemia (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.13–2.56), leukopenia (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.34–5.28), neutropenia (OR 5.70, 95% CI 2.93–11.10), and thrombocytopenia (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.66–6.38) compared with irinotecan with cisplatin (IP). EC was associated with a lower incidence of diarrhea (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.10–0.68) compared with IC, and EP was associated with a lower incidence of diarrhea (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.03–0.25) and nausea and vomiting (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33–0.84) than IP.ConclusionsHematological toxicities were most common in EC‐treated patients, while the lowest incidence occurred with IP treatment. The IP regimen was associated with the highest incidence of toxicities of the digestive tract, while the lowest incidence occurred with EC treatment.
Identifying Low‐risk Patients for Early Discharge From Emergency Department Without Using Subjective Descriptions of Chest Pain: Insights From Providing Rapid Out of Hospital Acute Cardiovascular Treatment (PROACT) 3 and 4 Trials
Authors: Sepehrvand Nariman , Zheng Yinggan , Armstrong Paul W. , Welsh Robert C. , Ezekowitz Justin A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundSeveral accelerated diagnostic protocols (ADPs) have been developed to allow emergency department (ED) physicians to identify appropriate patients for safe early discharge after presentation with symptom of chest pain. Most ADPs require chest pain to be described and modify the algorithm based on the subjective chest pain characteristics. We investigated the performance of three established major ADPs simplified by eliminating the need for chest pain as a descriptor.MethodsWe pooled patients from PROACT‐3 and ‐4 trials, in which patients presenting to emergency medical services with chest pain or dyspnea were enrolled. The simplified Vancouver Chest Pain Rule (sVCPR), the simplified Emergency Department Assessment of Chest Pain Score (sEDACS) ADP and the Accelerated Diagnostic protocol to Assess Patients with chest pain using contemporary troponins as the only biomarker (ADAPT‐ADP) were compared using the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (NPV). The primary outcome of interest was 30‐day major adverse cardiac events (MACE); the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) occurring within 30 days after ED presentation was also explored.ResultsA total of 1,081 patients were included (median age = 67 years, 53% male, median GRACE score = 113) of which 222 ACS diagnoses and 150 cardiac events occurred within 30 days after index ED presentation. The sVCPR, sEDACS ≥ 3, and ADAPT‐ADP, respectively, identified 9.7, 13.3, and 4.1% of patients as low risk with a sensitivity and NPV of 100% for the primary outcome of 30‐day MACE. The sEDACS‐ADP identified 24.2% of patients as low risk with a cut‐point score of 4 (sensitivity of 98.0% and NPV of 98.8%). The sVCPR, sEDACS ≥ 3, and ADAPT‐ADP, respectively, had NPVs of 98.1, 95.8, and 93.3% in identifying patients at higher risk of ACS diagnosis within 30 days after index ED visit.ConclusionThe diagnostic protocols performed well without their chest pain characteristics component. Further studies are suggested to explore the performance of ADPs when these simplified ADPs are combined with high‐sensitive troponin assays.