bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic inequalities in limiting health and self-reported health in later life revisited
Authors: Evandrou Maria , Falkingham Jane , Feng Zhixin , Vlachantoni Athina 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundIt is well established that there are ethnic inequalities in health in the UK; however, such inequalities in later life remain a relatively under-researched area. This paper explores ethnic inequalities in health among older people in the UK, controlling for social and economic disadvantages.MethodsThis paper analyses the first wave (2009–2011) of Understanding Society to examine differentials in the health of older persons aged 60 years and over. 2 health outcomes are explored: the extent to which one's health limits the ability to undertake typical activities and self-rated health. Logistic regression models are used to control for a range of other factors, including income and deprivation.ResultsAfter controlling for social and economic disadvantage, black and minority ethnic (BME) elders are still more likely than white British elders to report limiting health and poor self-rated health. The ‘health disadvantage’ appears most marked among BME elders of South Asian origin, with Pakistani elders exhibiting the poorest health outcomes. Length of time resident in the UK does not have a direct impact on health in models for both genders, but is marginally significant for women.ConclusionsOlder people from ethnic minorities report poorer health outcomes even after controlling for social and economic disadvantages. This result reflects the complexity of health inequalities among different ethnic groups in the UK, and the need to develop health policies which take into account differences in social and economic resources between different ethnic groups.
A qualitative analysis of women's explanations for changing contraception: the importance of non-contraceptive effects
Authors: Wigginton Britta , Harris Melissa L , Loxton Deborah , Lucke Jayne C 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundWomen commonly report changing contraceptive methods because of side-effects. However, there is a lack of literature that has thoroughly examined women's perspectives, including why they changed contraception.AimUsing qualitative data from a contraceptive survey of young Australian women, we explored women's explanations for their recent changes in contraception.MethodA thematic analysis of 1051 responses to a question about why women recently changed contraception was conducted.ResultsThemes reflected reasons for changing contraception which included: both contraceptive and non-contraceptive (4%); relationship/sexual (9%); medical (11%); contraceptive (18%); non-contraceptive (41%). A minority of responses were uncoded (17%). Non-contraceptive effects (effects unrelated to pregnancy prevention) featured most frequently in women's reasons for changing contraception.ConclusionsWhile cessation of various contraceptives due to unwanted side-effects is a well-known phenomenon, this analysis provides evidence of the changing of contraception for its non-contraceptive effects and reframes the notion of ‘side-effects’.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: modern image-guided therapies
Authors: Puppala Sapna , Patel Rafiuddin , Yap Ki Sing , Patel Jai , Wah Tze , Snoddon Andrew 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The most common primary malignancy of the liver and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which presents a major global health problem due to its increasing incidence. Most cases of HCC are secondary to either infection (hepatitis B or C) or cirrhosis (alcohol being the most common cause). Clinical presentation is variable and the tumour can be an incidental finding. Treatment options for HCC and prognosis are dependent on many factors but most importantly tumour size and staging. The last two decades have revolutionised the treatment of HCC using image-guided techniques. The concepts of imaging and image-guided techniques are still young and not well described in standard textbooks and hence an up to date review article is essential. The clinical subspecialities may lack familiarity with image-guided techniques but are responsible for management of these patients before and after the treatment by interventional radiologists. This article reviews current image-guided techniques, evidence and outcomes and provides educational highlights and question and answers. The article provides an overview in a simple understandable manner to enable readers from various levels of practice and training to benefit from and apply in their practice.
Drumming up support for AP CS principles
Authors: Guzdial Mark 
Published: January 2016

The
Communications
Web site, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
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http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm
Mark Guzdial issues a "call to action" to encourage high schools to offer, and students to take, the Advanced Placement course in Computer Science Principles.
Raw Garlic Consumption and Lung Cancer in a Chinese Population
Authors: Myneni Ajay A. , Chang Shen-Chih , Niu Rungui , Liu Li , Swanson Mya K. , Li Jiawei , Su Jia , Giovino Gary A. , Yu Shunzhang , Zhang Zuo-Feng , Mu Lina 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background: Evidence of anticancer properties of garlic for different cancer sites has been reported previously in in vitro and in vivo experimental studies but there is limited epidemiologic evidence on the association between garlic and lung cancer.
Methods: We examined the association between raw garlic consumption and lung cancer in a case–control study conducted between 2005 and 2007 in Taiyuan, China. Epidemiologic data was collected by face-to-face interviews from 399 incident lung cancer cases and 466 healthy controls. We used unconditional logistic regression models to estimate crude and adjusted ORs (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Adjusted models controlled for age, sex, average annual household income 10 years ago, smoking, and indoor air pollution.
Results: Compared with no intake, raw garlic intake was associated with lower risk of development of lung cancer with a dose–response pattern (aOR for &lt;2 times/week = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.39–0.81 and aOR for ≥2 times/week = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.34–0.74; Ptrend = 0.0002). Exploratory analysis showed an additive interaction of raw garlic consumption with indoor air pollution and with any supplement use in association with lung cancer.
Conclusions: The results of the current study suggest that raw garlic consumption is associated with reduced risk of lung cancer in a Chinese population.
Impact: This study contributes to the limited research in human population on the association between garlic and lung cancer and advocates further investigation into the use of garlic in chemoprevention of lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(4); 624–33. ©2016 AACR.
Alternate Metabolic Programs Define Regional Variation of Relevant Biological Features in Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression
Authors: Brooks Samira A. , Khandani Amir H. , Fielding Julia R. , Lin Weili , Sills Tiffany , Lee Yueh , Arreola Alexandra , Milowsky Mathew I. , Wallen Eric M. , Woods Michael E. , Smith Angie B. , Nielsen Mathew E. , Parker Joel S. , Lalush David S. , Rathmell W. Kimryn 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has recently been redefined as a highly heterogeneous disease. In addition to genetic heterogeneity, the tumor displays risk variability for developing metastatic disease, therefore underscoring the urgent need for tissue-based prognostic strategies applicable to the clinical setting. We have recently employed the novel PET/magnetic resonance (MR) image modality to enrich our understanding of how tumor heterogeneity can relate to gene expression and tumor biology to assist in defining individualized treatment plans.
Experimental Design: ccRCC patients underwent PET/MR imaging, and these images subsequently used to identify areas of varied intensity for sampling. Samples from 8 patients were subjected to histologic, immunohistochemical, and microarray analysis.
Results: Tumor subsamples displayed a range of heterogeneity for common features of hypoxia-inducible factor expression and microvessel density, as well as for features closely linked to metabolic processes, such as GLUT1 and FBP1. In addition, gene signatures linked with disease risk (ccA and ccB) also demonstrated variable heterogeneity, with most tumors displaying a dominant panel of features across the sampled regions. Intriguingly, the ccA- and ccB-classified samples corresponded with metabolic features and functional imaging levels. These correlations further linked a variety of metabolic pathways (i.e., the pentose phosphate and mTOR pathways) with the more aggressive, and glucose avid ccB subtype.
Conclusions: Higher tumor dependency on exogenous glucose accompanies the development of features associated with the poor risk ccB subgroup. Linking these panels of features may provide the opportunity to create functional maps to enable enhanced visualization of the heterogeneous biologic processes of an individual's disease. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2950–9. ©2016 AACR.
Phase I Study of Apitolisib (GDC-0980), Dual Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Dolly Saoirse O. , Wagner Andrew J. , Bendell Johanna C. , Kindler Hedy L. , Krug Lee M. , Seiwert Tanguy Y. , Zauderer Marjorie G. , Lolkema Martijn P. , Apt Doris , Yeh Ru-Fang , Fredrickson Jill O. , Spoerke Jill M. , Koeppen Hartmut , Ware Joseph A. , Lauchle Jennifer O. , Burris Howard A. , de Bono Johann S. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Purpose: This first-in-human phase I trial assessed the safety, tolerability, and preliminary antitumor activity of apitolisib (GDC-0980), a dual inhibitor of class I PI3K, and mTOR kinases.
Experimental Design: Once-daily oral apitolisib was administered to patients with solid tumors for days 1 to 21 or 1 to 28 of 28-day cycles. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were assessed.
Results: Overall, 120 patients were treated at doses between 2 and 70 mg. The commonest ≥G3 toxicities related to apitolisib at the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) at 40 mg once daily included hyperglycemia (18%), rash (14%), liver dysfunction (12%), diarrhea (10%), pneumonitis (8%), mucosal inflammation (6%), and fatigue (4%). Dose-limiting toxicities (1 patient each) were G4 fasting hyperglycemia at 40 mg (21/28 schedule) and G3 maculopapular rash and G3 fasting hyperglycemia at 70 mg (21/28 schedule). The pharmacokinetic profile was dose-proportional. Phosphorylated serine-473 AKT levels were suppressed by ≥90% in platelet-rich plasma within 4 hours at the MTD (50 mg). Pharmacodynamic decreases in fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography uptake of &gt;25% occurred in 66% (21/32) of patients dosed at 40 mg once daily. Evidence of single-agent activity included 10 RECIST partial responses (PR; confirmed for peritoneal mesothelioma, PIK3CA mutant head-and-neck cancer, and three pleural mesotheliomas).
Conclusions: Apitolisib exhibited dose-proportional pharmacokinetics with target modulation at doses ≥16 mg. The RP2D was 40 mg once-daily 28/28 schedule; severe on-target toxicities were apparent at ≥40 mg, particularly pneumonitis. Apitolisib was reasonably tolerated at 30 mg, the selected dose for pleural mesothelioma patients given limited respiratory reserve. Modest but durable antitumor activity was demonstrated. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2874–84. ©2016 AACR.
Baseline Peripheral Blood Biomarkers Associated with Clinical Outcome of Advanced Melanoma Patients Treated with Ipilimumab
Authors: Martens Alexander , Wistuba-Hamprecht Kilian , Foppen Marnix Geukes , Yuan Jianda , Postow Michael A. , Wong Phillip , Romano Emanuela , Khammari Amir , Dreno Brigitte , Capone Mariaelena , Ascierto Paolo A. , Di Giacomo Anna Maria , Maio Michele , Schilling Bastian , Sucker Antje , Schadendorf Dirk , Hassel Jessica C. , Eigentler Thomas K. , Martus Peter , Wolchok Jedd D. , Blank Christian , Pawelec Graham , Garbe Claus , Weide Benjamin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Purpose: To identify baseline peripheral blood biomarkers associated with clinical outcome following ipilimumab treatment in advanced melanoma patients.
Experimental Design: Frequencies of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells (Treg), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), routine blood counts, and clinical characteristics were assessed in 209 patients. Endpoints were overall survival (OS) and best overall response. Statistical calculations were done by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis, including calibration and discrimination by C-statistics.
Results: Low baseline LDH, absolute monocyte counts (AMC), Lin−CD14+HLA-DR−/low-MDSC frequencies, and high absolute eosinophil counts (AEC), relative lymphocyte counts (RLC), and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+-Treg frequencies were significantly associated with better survival, and were considered in a combination model. Patients (43.5%) presenting with the best biomarker signature had a 30% response rate and median survival of 16 months. In contrast, patients with the worst biomarkers (27.5%) had only a 3% response rate and median survival of 4 months. The occurrence of adverse events correlated with neither baseline biomarker signatures nor the clinical benefit of ipilimumab. In another model, limited to the routine parameters LDH, AMC, AEC, and RLC, the number of favorable factors (4 vs. 3 vs. 2–0) was also associated with OS (P &lt; 0.001 for all pairwise comparisons) in the main study and additionally in an independent validation cohort.
Conclusions: A baseline signature of low LDH, AMC, and MDSCs as well as high AEC, Tregs, and RLC is associated with favorable outcome following ipilimumab. Prospective investigation of the predictive impact of these markers following ipilimumab and other treatments, e.g., PD-1 antibodies, is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2908–18. ©2016 AACR.
Da sala preta ao jardim
Authors: Lazzaratto Marcelo Ramos 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este artigo expõe a aproximação de um diretor teatral com a iluminação cênica, revelando o amálgama existente entre essas duas instâncias do trabalho criativo, através da análise dos procedimentos estéticos processados em três espetáculos dirigidos e iluminados pelo autor.</p>
Iluminação cênica: possibilidades de um sujeito em cena
Authors: Braccialli Felipe 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este artigo faz uma reflexão sobre a importância e as capacidades que a iluminação cênica tem no desenvolvimento da concepção de um espetáculo. Pensar em iluminação cênica é abrir um enorme leque de possibilidades para pesquisa e criação. O artigo aborda principalmente trabalhos nos quais esse recurso cênico é usado em cenas cômicas. Com base na experimentação prática realizada durante a pesquisa com alunos do Curso de Teatro da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (MG), foi possível refletir sobre as capacidades que a iluminação tem ao se potencializar como sujeito de uma situação cômica, a partir da relação criada entre o(a) ator(atriz) e a luminotécnica.</p>
Luz, gambiarras e corpo nômade
Authors: Souza Iara Regina Da Silva , Lima Wlad 
Published: January 2016

<p>O objetivo deste artigo é desenvolver uma primeira reflexão sobre o Caderno de Montagem da atuante Virginia Abasto. Produzido durante a criação da dramaturgia de luz Opus Lux, foi analisado a partir de uma perspectiva que entende registros dessa natureza como atos biográficos, como inacabamentos que falam de uma singularidade na criação, pela qual é possível conectar e acessar a rede inventiva da atuante nesse processo. Como principal malha de imersão teórica trabalhamos com os pressupostos teóricos de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari. Assim, o Caderno de Montagem é o mapa das afetações pelo qual entramos nas relações de desterritorialização do corpo provocada pelos dispositivos de luz e nas linhas de fuga reveladas pelos dispositivos de luz no corpo nômade.</p>
MORFOPEDOLOGIA E ZONEAMENTO VOLTADO À OCUPAÇÃO
Authors: Villela Fernando Nadal Junqueira , Manfredini Sidneide , Corrêa Aparecida Juliana Martins , Carmo Janaina Braga do 
Published: January 2016

O planejamento e adequada gestão dos recursos naturais requer o reconhecimento dos componentes da paisagem e das relações estruturais e funcionais que se estabelecem entre eles. Procedeu-se à confecção de uma carta morfopedológica do campus universitário da UFSCar no município de Sorocaba, Estado de São Paulo, como base para a definição de um zoneamento da aptidão do meio físico ao uso e à ocupação. A compartimentação morfopedológica relaciona satisfatoriamente as formas de relevo e os solos por meio de uma série de documentos cartográficos analisados de modo integrado (referentes à pedologia, à geologia, à morfologia, à declividade e à hipsometria) e da associação decorrente das análises empíricas e laboratoriais do solo. Tais análises possibilitaram a compreensão das inter-relações existentes entre os diferentes componentes da paisagem, proporcionando a definição dos compartimentos morfopedológicos utilizados para o zoneamento realizado. Este se constitui em um instrumento de diagnóstico e prognóstico essenciais ao planejamento e à gestão, com vistas à conservação da paisagem.
Interseções transculturais no Atlântico Negro: o caso Francisco Félix de Souza
Authors: Oliveira Paulo César 
Published: January 2016

O artigo parte das teorias de Paul Gilroy, em O Atlântico Negro, especialmente quando trata, no "Prefácio" á edição brasileira, dos "Padrões de fluxo e mobilidade que se caracterizam a aventura extranacional e a criativaidade intercultural", para estabelecer dfiálogos entre o romance The Viceroy of Ouidah, de Bruce Chatwin, e outras obras que veem no brasileiro Francisco Féliz de Souza uma personagem decisiva na configuração da presenaça brasileira na África daomeana.
Intracolonialismo ou "l’Animotion" do Atlântico negro
Authors: McGuirk Bernard 
Published: January 2016

Na linha canônica de Dostoevsky e Kafka o novelista angolano José Eduardo Agualusa nos brinda com protagonistas ou narradores menos propenso à porta-vozes que a animots. A proposição de Jacques Derrida “Ecce animot, [...] assumindo o título de um animal autobiográfico numa resposta arriscada, fabulosa ou quimérica à questão “Mas eu, quem sou eu?” é apropriada se quisermos perseguir o o re(p)t(il)elhar da história na construção da memória angolana. O “vendedor” que dá nome ao romance, o albino Félix Ventura (felicidade futura garantida?), é um homem com uma ocupação pouco usual. Se a sua linhagem não é suficientemente distinta, ele pode muda-la para você. Se sua família não é tão gloriosa quanto você gostaria, Félix Ventura pode te dar outra. Félix Ventura é um vendedor de passados. Mas quem o observa? Quem conta sua estória? Quem, ou o que, está na sua cola? Quem, ou o que, coloca o enredo em (ani)mo(t)vimento? L’animot juste ou juste l’animot? A proposta meditação acerca do intra-colonialismo pós-colonial angolano tem como foco a economia de passados transformados, lavados pela valência de cambiantes identidades. A análise da função do albino que explora a dimensão parda – um tom de cinza – de uma atlântica Angola pós-colonial que reinventa seu passado e reinscreve sua história; após intromissões falhadas de expansionismos soviéticos ou intervencionismos cubanos, agora envoltos numa língua globalizante de animosidade menos paralisante de animots que ousam se arriscar.
O contexto na crítica literária de Antonio Candido e Pier Paolo Pasolini. Elementos para uma comparação.
Authors: Maffia Gesualdo 
Published: January 2016

Comparação entre às análises críticas de Antonio Candido e Pier Paolo Pasolini, focada, respectivamente, nos ensaios O mundo provérbio e intervenção sobre o discurso indirecto livre. O objetivo é evidenciar algumas diferenças entre a crítica acadêmica e a crítica militante dos dois autores.
A fascinante máquina de Adriana Falcão
Authors: Lima Maria de Fátima Gonçalves 
Published: January 2016

A Máquina, de Adriana Falcão, em linguagem fluente e contemporânea, resgata o lirismo e o poder do mais clássico dos temas: o amor. Esse sentimento leva o protagonista a buscar o mundo das ideias de Platão e fazer sua amada ver o inteligível, incompreensível pela razão, que se concebe somente pela emoção. Por meio de imagens fascinantes o real desliza então para o imaginário ou vice-versa, numa reflexão sobre realizações, sonhos e perspectivas da juventude de alcançar voos cada vez mais altos na contemporaneidade.
Increased Peripheral Arterial Calcification in Patients Receiving Warfarin
Authors: Han Kum Hyun , O'Neill W. Charles 
Published: January 2016

Background
Matrix Gla protein is a vitamin K–dependent inhibitor of vascular calcification. Warfarin use is associated with increased breast arterial calcification, but whether this is reflective of other arteries or occurs in men is unclear. In this study, the prevalence of calcification in peripheral arteries was compared in patients with and without warfarin therapy.

Methods and Results

This retrospective matched cohort study assessed 430 patients with radiographs performed during or after warfarin therapy who were identified by a computerized search of medical records. Each patient was matched to a patient without warfarin exposure based on age, sex, and diabetes status. Patients with warfarin exposure <1 month, history of end‐stage renal disease, or serum creatinine >2.0 mg/dl were excluded. Radiographs were reviewed visually for arterial calcification. The prevalence of arterial calcification was 44% greater in patients with versus without warfarin use (30.2% versus 20.9%,
P
=0.0023) but not on radiographs performed before warfarin therapy (26.4% versus 22.4%, n=156) or prior to 5 years of warfarin therapy. The increase was noted only in the ankle and foot, was limited to a medial pattern of calcification, and was similar in men and women.

Conclusions
Warfarin use is associated with lower extremity arterial calcification in both men and women independent of age, sex, diabetes status, and other patient characteristics. This may have implications for the choice of therapies for long‐term anticoagulation.