bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caracterización del interfaz forestal/urbano empleando LiDAR como herramienta para la estimación del riesgo de daños por incendios forestales
Authors: Robles A. , Rodríguez-Garrido M. A. , Alvarez-Taboada M. F. 
Published: February 2016

<p>Galicia (NO de España), afectada por alto número de incendios forestales, debería cumplir la normativa vigente en relación a la distancia entre masas forestales y edificaciones. Este trabajo tiene como objetivos identificar y caracterizar las masas forestales y clasificar las edificaciones en función del riesgo en caso de incendio para un área de 36 km<sup>2</sup> del municipio de Forcarei (Pontevedra). A partir de los datos LiDAR se obtuvo la imagen de intensidades, modelos espaciales (MDT: Modelo Digital del Terreno, MDS: Modelo Digital de Superficies y MANO: Modelo de Alturas Normalizadas de Objetos) y dos estadísticos para la caracterización de las masas forestales (densidad de pies dominantes por hectárea y altura promedio de dominantes). La identificación de las masas forestales se realizó con un método de clasificación orientado a objetos empleando la imagen de intensidades, el modelo de alturas y ortofotografía de la zona, obteniéndose coeficiente kappa de grado de correspondencia de 0,82 en la validación. Las masas forestales se reclasificaron en función de la magnitud de un posible incendio, basándose en la densidad y la altura promedio de la masa. Se generó la cartografía de las masas según la magnitud de un posible incendio, obteniéndose que 1,18 km<sup>2</sup> serían susceptibles de incendios de baja magnitud, 3,75 km<sup>2</sup> de magnitud media y 2,25 km<sup>2</sup> de elevada. Se determinó si las edificaciones de la zona cumplían la legislación relativa a los 30 metros de distancia mínima a la masa forestal, clasificando el riesgo de daños de aquellas que no cumplían en caso de incendio forestal. El resultado fue que el 43,01% de las edificaciones cumplía la normativa, el 9,95% situación de riesgo muy bajo, el 25,74% en riesgo bajo, el 12,37% en medio y que el 8,93% estaba en una situación de riesgo alto o muy alto.</p>
A comparative study of regression methods to predict forest structure and canopy fuel variables from LiDAR full-waveform data
Authors: Crespo-Peremarch P. , Ruiz L.A. , Balaguer-Beser A. 
Published: February 2016

<p>Los métodos de regresión se utilizan ampliamente en el ámbito forestal para la predicción y el cartografiado de las variables de estructura y combustibilidad. En este artículo se evalúan diferentes modelos de regresión (lineal, no lineal, árboles de regresión y ensemble). Como variables independientes se utilizaron métricas extraídas de datos LiDAR full-waveform, mientras que los valores de las variables dependientes se generaron a partir de modelos basados en datos de campo obtenidos para 78 parcelas de 16 m de radio. Se llevaron a cabo transformaciones de las variables dependientes e independientes con selección de atributos para evaluar su influencia en la predicción de la variable respuesta. Con el fin de verificar diferencias significativas y ordenar los modelos de regresión se emplearon los tests no paramétricos de Wilcoxon y Friedman, y el análisis post-hoc o los tests de comparación post-hoc por pares, como el de Nemenyi, para el test de Friedman. Las regresiones basadas en la transformación de la variable dependiente, como raíz cuadrada o logaritmo, o en la transformación de las variables independientes, obtuvieron un incremento de la R<sup>2</sup> de hasta un 6% con respecto a la regresión lineal. Mediante el método CART (Classification and Regression Tree) se obtuvieron resultados discretos, si bien su uso puede estar indicado para la categorización o estratificación. Con el método basado en la transformación de la variable dependiente mediante raíz cuadrada se consiguieron los mejores resultados comparativos en la predicción de variables forestales, excepto para el volumen. Sin embargo, su uso no siempre implica una mejora significativa con respecto a los otros métodos de regresión usados en este trabajo.</p>
Sedimentological processes and environmental variability at Lake Ohrid (Macedonia, Albania) between 637 ka and the present
Authors: Francke Alexander , Wagner Bernd , Just Janna , Leicher Niklas , Gromig Raphael , Baumgarten Henrike , Vogel Hendrik , Lacey Jack H. , Sadori Laura , Wonik Thomas , Leng Melanie J. , Zanchetta Giovanni , Sulpizio Roberto , Giaccio Biagio 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Lake Ohrid (Macedonia, Albania) is thought to be more than 1.2 million years old and host more than 300 endemic species. As a target of the International Continental scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), a successful deep drilling campaign was carried out within the scope of the Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid (SCOPSCO) project in 2013. Here, we present lithological, sedimentological, and (bio-)geochemical data from the upper 247.8 m composite depth of the overall 569 m long DEEP site sediment succession from the central part of the lake. According to an age model, which is based on 11 tephra layers (first-order tie points) and on tuning of bio-geochemical proxy data to orbital parameters (second-order tie points), the analyzed sediment sequence covers the last 637 kyr. The DEEP site sediment succession consists of hemipelagic sediments, which are interspersed by several tephra layers and infrequent, thin (< 5 cm) mass wasting deposits. The hemipelagic sediments can be classified into three different lithotypes. Lithotype 1 and 2 deposits comprise calcareous and slightly calcareous silty clay and are predominantly attributed to interglacial periods with high primary productivity in the lake during summer and reduced mixing during winter. The data suggest that high ion and nutrient concentrations in the lake water promoted calcite precipitation and diatom growth in the epilimnion during MIS15, 13, and 5. Following a strong primary productivity, highest interglacial temperatures can be reported for marine isotope stages (MIS) 11 and 5, whereas MIS15, 13, 9, and 7 were comparably cooler. Lithotype 3 deposits consist of clastic, silty clayey material and predominantly represent glacial periods with low primary productivity during summer and longer and intensified mixing during winter. The data imply that the most severe glacial conditions at Lake Ohrid persisted during MIS16, 12, 10, and 6, whereas somewhat warmer temperatures can be inferred for MIS14, 8, 4, and 2. Interglacial-like conditions occurred during parts of MIS14 and 8.
The Effective Factors for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Adults: A Need Assessment Study Based on Trans-Theoretical Model
Authors: Hazavehei Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Shahabadi Sara , Karami Manoochehr , Saidi Mohammad Reza , Bashiriyan Saeed , Akhgar Masoome , Hashemi Seyedeh Zeinab 
Published: February 2016

<p><strong>Introduction</strong><strong>: </strong>The World Health Organization recommended consuming at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables (FV) per day in order to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The purpose of this study is to determine the influential factors related to intake of FV among adults in Kermanshah city based on Transtheoritical Model.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> This is a cross-sectional study which is conducted in Kermanshah city. Participants (n=1230) are selected by multi stage sampling; 30-50 year olds people covered by health centers. In order to collect data, we used a TTM-based questionnaire. The results are analyzed using SPSS-16 and Lisrel 8, with P&lt; 0.05 as statistically significant level.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the participants is 37.75 and 65% of them are women .The mean score of knowledge is 2.4; that is, 80% of men and 78% of women in this study are in poor knowledge about FV consumption. In case of fruit and vegetable consumption behavior, 50% and 61% of participants are in pre-contemplation/contemplation stage, respectively. The average number of fruit servings is 1.42 and the average number of vegetable servings is 0.99 per day. Also, ANOVA test results showed a significant correlation between constructs of TTM and stages of change so that individuals' progress through stages of change from pre-contemplation to maintenance added on the scores of self-efficiency, processes of change, and decisional balance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicated that, TTM constructs such as self-efficacy, processes of change, and decisional balance are good predictors for FV consumption. </p>
Reliability and Validity of the Korean-Parental Self-Efficacy with Eczema Care Index
Authors: Lee Hyejung , Son Hae Kyoung , Kim Ji Su , Han Man Yong , Noh Geunwoong 
Published: February 2016

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atopic dermatitis is a global problem affecting children, and its prevalence in Korea is steadily increasing. Since it is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease, caregiver management of young children's atopic dermatitis is crucial for positive treatment outcomes. A factor that contributes to adherence to recommended prescriptions is parents’ self-efficacy. However, accurate measurements of parental self-efficacy in relation to disease-specific task management are scarce.</p><p><strong>Objecti</strong><strong>ves</strong><strong>:</strong> This study<strong> </strong>examined the psychometric properties of the Korean language version of the Parental Self-Efficacy with Eczema Care Index (K-PASECI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred twenty five mothers of children younger than 13 years old who had atopic dermatitis were recruited from three tertiary hospitals across Korea. The K-PASECI was developed in accordance with the published guidelines. Psychometric testing included factor analysis, internal consistency testing, and concurrent validity analysis by comparing K-PASECI domains with parenting self-efficacy subscales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure that explained 69.4% of the variance. The four factors were as follows; managing a child’s symptoms and behaviour, communicating with medical staff, managing medication, and using moisturizer as part of routine management. The findings showed acceptable internal consistency (<em>α</em>=.94) and a moderate positive correlation with parenting self-efficacy (r=.48, <em>p&lt;</em>.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The K-PASECI, a reliable and valid scale for measuring self-efficacy in parents caring for children with atopic dermatitis, may be used in clinical and research settings to measure parents’ self-efficacy in Korea, as well as in other English-speaking countries. </p>
Двум смертям не бывать, а одной не миновать: Sovijaus sakmė ir jos paralelės rytų slavų folklore
Authors: Lemeškin Ilja 
Published: February 2016

Straipsnis yra skirtas Sovijaus sakmei – kūriniui, dėl kurio kilmės – sakytinės arba verstinės-rašytinės – iki šiol diskutuojama (Tatjana Vilkul, I. Lemeškin, Sergejus Temčinas, Dainius Razauskas, Artūras Dubonis). Siužeto paralelės, tirtinos rytų slavų folklore bei senojoje istoriografijoje, pagrindžia tautosakinį sakmės pobūdį.
Low Total Cholesterol Levels and Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task
Authors: Gendle Mathew H. , Flashburg Alyssa G. , Higgins Kristi L. , Oristian Kristianne M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Very low levels of systemic total cholesterol (TC) may have adverse neurological consequences, and there is a lack of research investigating how TC levels are related to specific aspects of behavior and cognition. This study examined the relationship between low TC levels and performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a standardized measure of decision making. Fasting plasma TC levels were measured in 61 healthy female university undergraduates, various demographic and health measures were obtained, and each participant completed the IGT. Individuals with TC &lt; 140 mg/dL performed significantly more poorly on the IGT than those with TC ≥ 140 mg/dL (p  = 0.01). On the IGT, participants with TC levels &lt; 140 mg/dL persisted in preferentially responding to task stimuli with large and immediate monetary gains, despite the fact that these gains were yoked to increasing and unpredictable losses over time. This difference cannot be attributed to dissimilarities in BMI or general health between the groups. These findings indicate that TC levels &lt; 140 mg/dL are associated with significant impairments in decision making and heightened behavioral impulsivity. Negative cognitive and behavioral outcomes with “real-world” relevance may be associated with very low TC levels.
Study of the Blood Supply Fraction of the Ascending Aorta and Its Effect in Diagnosing Early Ascending Aortic Atherosclerosis
Authors: Wang Kun , Cao Tiesheng , Zhao Lianbi , Yang Yong , Feng Yang , Duan Yunyou , Yuan Lijun , Xing Changyang , Ren Huari 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the capacity of blood storage of certain large arteries during diastole, we first studied the ascending aorta by echocardiography. The concept of the blood supply fraction of the ascending aorta was then introduced to evaluate elastic retraction of the ascending aortic wall and determine its role in diagnosing early atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta.MethodsFirst, we enrolled 120 healthy volunteers and divided them into 3 groups according to age: 20 to 35 years (B1 group), 36 to 50 years (B2 group), and 51 to 65 years (B3 group); there were 40 volunteers in each group. We used echocardiography to measure the blood supply fraction in each volunteer and compared the results for each group. Then we enrolled 40 patients (51–65 years) with early atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta, measured the blood supply fraction of each, and compared the results with the B3 group.ResultsThe mean blood supply fractions ± SD in the B1, B2, and B3 groups were 21.75% ± 1.53%, 20.76% ± 1.62%, and 18.44% ± 1.19%, respectively. The fraction in the B3 group was significantly lower than those in the B1 and B2 groups (P < .01). The fraction in the patients with early atherosclerosis was 14.92% ± 1.01%, which was obviously lower than that in the B3 group (P < .01).ConclusionsThe blood supply fraction of the ascending aorta decreases with age, and it could be used as a parameter for diagnosis of early atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta.
Ex Vivo Human Placental Perfusion Model for Analysis of Fetal Circulation in the Chorionic Plate
Authors: Gordon Zoya , Glaubach Lilia , Elad David , Zaretsky Uri , Jaffa Ariel J. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to develop an ex vivo placental perfusion model to assess changes in the umbilical artery systolic‐to‐diastolic (S/D) ratio due to progressive occlusion of the placental arterial system.MethodsEx vivo human placentas were connected to a computerized pulse duplicator mimicking pulsatile flow from the fetal heart. Doppler sonographic measurements were conducted on the umbilical and chorionic arteries of 25 mature placentas. Simulation of placental occlusion was performed by progressive ligature of the chorionic arteries, including one umbilical artery. The correlation between the umbilical artery S/D ratio and the severity of simulated placental occlusion was analyzed.ResultsThe normal mean S/D ratio ± SD decreased gradually along the chorionic plate from 2.66 ± 0.47 at the cord insertion to 1.90 ± 0.59 in generation IV of the chorionic vessels. The Doppler index initially increased slowly with simulated placental occlusion. Only when all 4 generations were occluded was the umbilical artery S/D ratio elevated. Complete occlusion of one umbilical artery resulted in a 39% increase in the umbilical artery S/D ratio.ConclusionsThis unique model combining Doppler sonography with perfusion of an ex vivo placenta can be used for a better understudying of pathologic placental blood flow circulation.
Guidelines for Performing Dermatologic Ultrasound Examinations by the DERMUS Group
Authors: Wortsman Ximena , Alfageme Fernando , Roustan Gaston , Arias-Santiago Salvador , Martorell Antonio , Catalano Orlando , Scotto di Santolo Maria , Zarchi Kian , Bouer Marcio , Gonzalez Claudia , Bard Robert , Mandava Anitha , Gaitini Diana 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo support standardization for performing dermatologic ultrasound examinations.MethodsAn international working group, called DERMUS (Dermatologic Ultrasound), was formed, composed of physicians who have been working on a regular basis and publishing in peer‐reviewed articles on dermatologic ultrasound. A questionnaire on 5 critical issues about performance of the examinations was prepared and distributed by e‐mail. The areas of discussion included technical aspects, main areas of application, minimum number of examinations per year required for assessing competence, qualifications of the personnel in charge of the examination, and organization of courses. Final recommendations were approved on the basis of the agreement of more than 50% of the members.ResultsThe minimum frequency recommended for performing dermatologic examinations was 15 MHz. Routine use of color Doppler ultrasound and the performance of spectral curve analysis for assessing the main vascularity of lesions were suggested. Three‐dimensional reconstructions were considered optional. The main dermatologic applications were benign tumors, skin cancer, vascular anomalies, cosmetic field, nail disorders, and inflammatory diseases. The minimum number of examinations per year suggested by the group for assessing competence was 300. A physician and not a sonographer was recommended to be the person in charge of performing the examination. On course organization, a minimum of 2 levels of complexity (basic and advanced) was suggested.ConclusionsThere is a need to standardize the performance and quality of dermatologic ultrasound examinations. The present guidelines written by an international group of specialists in the field may support this objective.
Rapidly restoring biological soil crusts and ecosystem functions in a severely disturbed desert ecosystem
Authors: Chiquoine Lindsay P. , Abella Scott R. , Bowker Matthew A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRestoring biological soil crusts (biocrusts) in degraded drylands can contribute to recovery of ecosystem functions that have global implications, including erosion resistance and nutrient cycling. To examine techniques for restoring biocrusts, we conducted a replicated, factorial experiment on recently abandoned road surfaces by applying biocrust inoculation (salvaged and stored dry for two years), salvaged topsoil, an abiotic soil amendment (wood shavings), and planting of a dominant perennial shrub (Ambrosia dumosa). Eighteen months after treatments, we measured biocrust abundance and species composition, soil chlorophyll a content and fertility, and soil resistance to erosion. Biocrust addition significantly accelerated biocrust recovery on disturbed soils, including increasing lichen and moss cover and cyanobacteria colonization. Compared to undisturbed controls, inoculated plots had similar lichen and moss composition, recovered 43% of total cyanobacteria density, had similar soil chlorophyll content, and exhibited recovery of soil fertility and soil stability. Inoculation was the only treatment that generated lichen and moss cover. Topsoil application resulted in partial recovery of the cyanobacteria community and soil properties. Compared to untreated disturbed plots, topsoil application without inoculum increased cyanobacteria density by 186% and moderately improved soil chlorophyll and ammonium content and soil stability. Topsoil application produced 22% and 51% of the cyanobacteria density g−1 soil compared to undisturbed and inoculated plots, respectively. Plots not treated with either topsoil or inoculum had significantly lower cyanobacteria density, soil chlorophyll and ammonium concentrations, and significantly higher soil nitrate concentration. Wood shavings and Ambrosia had no influence on biocrust lichen and moss species recovery but did affect cyanobacteria composition and soil fertility. Inoculation of severely disturbed soil with native biocrusts rapidly restored biocrust communities and soil stability such that restored areas were similar to undisturbed desert within three years. Using salvaged biocrust as inoculum can be an effective tool in ecological restoration because of its efficacy and simple implementation. Although salvaging biocrust material can be technically difficult and potentially costly, utilizing opportunities to salvage material in planned future disturbance can provide additional land management tools.
Forest restoration treatments have subtle long‐term effects on soil C and N cycling in mixed conifer forests
Authors: Ganzlin Peter W. , Gundale Michael J. , Becknell Rachel E. , Cleveland Cory C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDecades of fire suppression following extensive timber harvesting have left much of the forest in the intermountain western United States exceedingly dense, and forest restoration techniques (i.e., thinning and prescribed fire) are increasingly being used in an attempt to mitigate the effects of severe wildfire, to enhance tree growth and regeneration, and to stimulate soil nutrient cycling. While many of the short‐term effects of forest restoration have been established, the long‐term effects on soil biogeochemical and ecosystem processes are largely unknown. We assessed the effects of commonly used forest restoration treatments (thinning, burning, and thinning + burning) on nutrient cycling and other ecosystem processes 11 yr after restoration treatments were implemented in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosavar.scopulorum)/Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesiivar.glauca) forest at the Lubrecht Fire and Fire Surrogates Study (FFS) site in western Montana, USA. Despite short‐term (<3 yr) increases in soil inorganic nitrogen (N) pools and N cycling rates following prescribed fire, long‐term soil N pools and N mineralization rates showed only subtle differences from untreated control plots. Similarly, despite a persistent positive correlation between fuels consumed in prescribed burns and several metrics of N cycling, variability in inorganic N pools decreased significantly since treatments were implemented, indicating a decline in N spatial heterogeneity through time. However, rates of net nitrification remain significantly higher in a thin + burn treatment relative to other treatments. Short‐term declines in forest floor carbon (C) pools have persisted in the thin + burn treatment, but there were no significant long‐term differences among treatments in extractable soil phosphorus (P). Finally, despite some short‐term differences, long‐term foliar nutrient concentrations, litter decomposition rates, and rates of free‐living N fixation in the experimental plots were not different from control plots, suggesting nutrient cycles and ecosystem processes in temperate coniferous forests are resilient to disturbance following long periods of fire suppression. Overall, this study provides forest managers and policymakers valuable information showing that the effects of these commonly used restoration prescriptions on soil nutrient cycling are ephemeral and that use of repeated treatments (i.e., frequent fire) will be necessary to ensure continued restoration success.