bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Population Health Impacts of Community Interventions: The Case of Alcohol Outlets and Binge Drinking
Authors: Ahern Jennifer , Colson K. Ellicott , Margerson-Zilko Claire , Hubbard Alan , Galea Sandro 
Published: September 2016

A substitution estimator can be used to predict how shifts in population exposures might change health. We illustrated this method by estimating how an upper limit on alcohol outlet density might alter binge drinking in the New York Social Environment Study (n = 4000), and provided statistical code and sample data. The largest differences in binge drinking were for an upper limit of 70 outlets per square mile; there was a −0.7% difference in binge drinking prevalence for New York City overall (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.2%, −1.3%) and a −2.4% difference in binge drinking prevalence for the subset of communities the intervention modified (95% CI = −0.5%, −4.0%). A substitution estimator is a flexible tool for estimating population intervention parameters and improving the translation of public health research results to practitioners.
A Prospective Study of Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Mortality in Finland
Authors: Tanskanen Jussi , Anttila Timo 
Published: September 2016

Objectives. To estimate the simultaneous effects of social isolation and loneliness on mortality. Methods. We analyzed a representative Finnish sample (n = 8650) from the cross-sectional Living Conditions Survey of 1994, with a 17-year follow-up period (1995–2011), by using Cox regression models adjusted for several possible confounding variables. We examined the possible nonlinear threshold effect of social isolation on mortality. Results. The analyses revealed that social isolation predicted mortality even after we controlled for loneliness and control variables. The connection between social isolation and mortality was linear in nature and there was no synergistic effect between social isolation and loneliness. The effect of loneliness became nonsignificant when studied simultaneously with social isolation. Conclusions. This study reveals strong evidence for an adverse effect of social isolation on mortality. Social isolation and loneliness seem to have distinct pathways to mortality and health. The results imply that the risk of mortality exists along a continuum, affecting not only those who experience extreme social isolation, but also those who suffer from mild to progressively increasing intensity of isolation.
Defining Ethical Placemaking for Place-Based Interventions
Authors: Eckenwiler Lisa A. 
Published: September 2016

As place-based interventions expand and evolve, deeper reflection on the meaning of ethical placemaking is essential.I offer a summary account of ethical placemaking, which I propose and define as an ethical ideal and practice for health and for health justice, understood as the capability to be healthy.I point to selected wide-ranging examples—an urban pathway, two long-term care settings, innovations in refugee health services, and a McDonald's restaurant—to help illustrate these ideas.
Moderation of the Relation of County-Level Cost of Living to Nutrition by the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Authors: Basu Sanjay , Wimer Christopher , Seligman Hilary 
Published: September 2016

Objectives. To examine the association of county-level cost of living with nutrition among low-income Americans. Methods. We used the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (2012–2013; n = 14 313; including 5414 persons in households participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program [SNAP]) to examine associations between county-level cost-of-living metrics and both food acquisitions and the Healthy Eating Index, with control for individual-, household-, and county-level covariates and accounting for unmeasured confounders influencing both area of living and food acquisition. Results. Living in a higher-cost county—particularly one with high rent costs—was associated with significantly lower volume of acquired vegetables, fruits, and whole grains; greater volume of acquired refined grains, fats and oils, and added sugars; and an 11% lower Healthy Eating Index score. Participation in SNAP was associated with nutritional improvements among persons living in higher-cost counties. Conclusions. Living in a higher-cost county (particularly with high rent costs) is associated with poorer nutrition among low-income Americans, and SNAP may mitigate the negative nutritional impact of high cost of living.
Rim Fracture of a Tibial Base-Plate Due to Retained Cement as a Cause of Catastrophic Failure of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Sawatzke Alexander B. , Bollinger Alexander J. , Butler Paul D. , Roberts Karl C. 
Published: September 2016

Case:
We report a case of catastrophic implant failure due to fatigue fracture of a well-functioning unicompartmental knee arthroplasty at 7 years in an active 55-year-old man, who presented with sudden onset of atraumatic knee pain and effusion. The patient underwent revision to total knee arthroplasty. Intraoperative findings included a metallic fragment fractured off the rim of the tibial base-plate and cement retained in the tibial tray.

Conclusion:
Retained cement in the tibial tray resulted in increased tibial tray contact stresses and fatigue fracture of the rim of the tray, creating a free metallic loose body that produced symptoms.
Ambient Seismic Imaging Throughout the Unconventional Field’s Life Cycle
Authors: Lacazette Alfred , Laudon Carolan 
Published: September 2016

Technology Update
Newly developed ambient seismic imaging methods provide valuable information throughout the life cycle of an unconventional field. Methods developed by Global Geophysical Services enable new insights for exploration, development planning, fracture and refracture design, reservoir management, production forecasting, and reserves estimation.
Ambient seismic imaging has also been used to monitor conventional reservoirs, waterfloods, CO2 sequestration, mine stability, and water influx into mines. Additional applications include geothermal systems and induced seismicity monitoring.
Many assume that the term “ambient seismic” (imaging artificial or natural seismic emissions) is synonymous with “microseismic” (imaging earthquakes with a magnitude less than 0, i.e., microearthquakes or MEQs). However, advances in the understanding of natural and induced seismic emissions and new imaging and analytical methods have differentiated these terms.
Microseismic methods typically locate MEQs by use of classical seismological methods: polarization angles and arrival times of P and S waves. Thus, the term “microseismic” implies methods relying only on MEQs, the “dots-in-a-box” long familiar to fracturing engineers and development geologists.
In recent years, research has shown that the majority of the seismic energy radiated during a fracture treatment is in seismic phenomena other than MEQs. Other emission sources include longperiod, long-duration (LPLD) activity (Das and Zoback 2013a and 2013b), long-duration signals (LDS) (Sicking et al. 2014), and fluid resonance in the fracture system (Tary and van der Baan 2012).
These types of emissions cannot be analyzed with classical methods because they do not have distinct, noticeable first arrivals or recognizable P/S wave separation. Such emissions can persist or fade in and out for minutes to hours, rather than milliseconds, and therefore cannot be classified as distinct events such as MEQs. Furthermore, there may be other seismic phenomena that have yet to be identified and categorized.
Seismic emission tomography (SET) is an alternative to locating earthquakes with P and S wave arrivals and polarization angles. It is in wide use for surface monitoring and most recently for downhole monitoring. SET focuses total trace energy by means of ray tracing through the velocity model in short time steps (on the order of 100 ms), thus imaging energy from many types of seismic emissions, including MEQs, LPLD, LDS, fluid resonance, and possibly unknown phenomena.
Each computed SET time step produces a voxel-by-voxel depth image of seismic emissions in the same way that a 3D surface reflection seismic survey produces a 3D time image. MEQs located in individual time steps are termed “proxy hypocenters” because they represent brief, high-energy events. However, they are not identified uniquely as MEQs by classical methods.
University Research and Development Steady in Industry Downturn
Authors: Betz Jack 
Published: September 2016

R&D on Campus
University research and development is continuing at a steady rate, despite sustained low oil prices. For now, money allocated by the oil and gas industry in previous years is still available for many academic institutions. However, oil prices may eventually take a toll on funding if they remain low when it is time for companies to renew their existing commitments. “Next year is when we will look and see if we have our sponsors, or (determine if) some of them cannot continue,” said Manika Prasad, associate petroleum engineering professor at Colorado School of Mines. Other universities around the world are facing the same pressures and uncertainties.
University of Aberdeen
Located near the North Sea in one of the world’s major oil and gas capitals, the University of Aberdeen employs more than 150 professors working on energy-related research.
“We are not just an oil and gas school at Aberdeen, we have a very broad range of sciences being taught and worked on. So, sometimes the interaction between them produces something unusual,” said John Scrimgeour, executive director of the university’s Aberdeen Institute of Energy.
University of Alberta
For decades, operators have attempted to use buried electromagnetic coils as an alternative to steamflooding in heavy oil reservoirs, but they consume a great deal of energy and take a long time to work.
Tayfun Babadagli, who heads the University of Alberta’s Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery and Reservoir Characterization group, is leading research to make electromagnetic heating a practical process with the use of nanotechnology.
Colorado School of Mines
As the industry’s ability to create numerical models of the subsurface continues to improve, one fact remains unchanged: Models are only as accurate as the data used to create them.
Manika Prasad, associate professor of petroleum engineering at the Colorado School of Mines, started the Rock Physics and Petrophysics of Organics, Clay, Shale, and Sand initiative in 2011 to improve the accuracy of subsurface models by creating standards for rock physics and geomechanical data collection.
Texas A&M University
This year, Texas A&M University’s Crisman Institute for Petroleum Research has been shifting its research focus toward projects that will improve recovery in shale reservoirs.
The institute was founded in 1982 with the broad directive of producing advances in upstream technology. However, the industry demand for goal-based research that offers a higher return on investment has led the faculty to narrow its mission.
Using Big Data Analysis Tools To Understand Bad Hole Sections on the UK Continental Shelf
Authors: Johnston Joe , Guichard Aurelien 
Published: September 2016

Management
Research and analysis show that 90% of all data in the world today was created in the past 2 years alone. Already the growth of data volume outpaces the conventional capacity to analyze and understand, and the trend is only accelerating.
This trend is also occurring in the oil and gas industry with, for example, the continued growth in seismic channel counts, integration of multiphysics information, logging while drilling, and the constant flow of information from “intelligent wells” in “digital oil fields.”
Current data analysis and interpretation approaches follow well-established and rigid workflows, which study the same small set of relationships between entities. It is common, for example, to use core data in well log analysis or wellbore acoustic measurements in surface seismic interpretation. However, core data is never used alongside seismic data. As the data is growing in volume and variety, it is overwhelming traditional methods. What business opportunities are being missed?
Big Data
The term “big data” refers to more than simply a large volume of different types of data, both structured and unstructured, with varying degrees of accuracy. It also includes a suite of applications providing solutions and analysis. But big data is really a movement. The big data approach is said to be a data- centric method adept at uncovering otherwise invisible patterns and connections by linking disparate data types. It can search and analyze all data and size with great agility and without regard to user group or project area. Examples from other fields include a retailer analysis of buying patterns and automotive manufacturers predicting faults and failures.
Large volumes of data are nothing new to the oil and gas industry. The seismic business in particular has been successfully dealing with rapidly increasing volumes for a long time. For example, work by seismic equipment manufacturer Sercel suggests the channel count available for acquiring a seismic survey has been steadily increasing by one order of magnitude every 10 years.
Field-Development-Plan Optimization of a Giant Field for Recovery Improvement
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: September 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 171770, “Field-Development-Plan Optimization of a Giant Field for Plateau Extension and Recovery Improvement,” by Youcef Azoug, SPE, and Harshad Patel, Zakum Development Company, prepared for the 2014 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 10–13 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
To optimize the development plan of a giant carbonate reservoir offshore Abu Dhabi to extend the production plateau and improve recovery, detailed sector models were used to facilitate the large number of required simulation runs. The findings from those sector models were then incorporated in the full-field model (FFM). An optimized field-development plan is proposed, involving an infill drilling strategy and corresponding injection strategy. The injection strategy includes optimization of the future target reservoir pressure, to achieve the best field performance.
Introduction
The giant field discussed here was discovered in the 1960s. It is located offshore Abu Dhabi and is one of the largest oil fields in the world, covering an areal extent of 1200 km2, with an expected operating life exceeding 100 years. To ensure effective depletion of all regions of this very large field, the field has been managed by subdividing the reservoir into smaller regions. Fig. 1 shows a plan view of the reservoir and its subdivisions. The main crestal area of the reservoir is divided into 80 patterns. A target production rate has been established for each subdivision on the basis of the oil in place in that pattern/region.
Sector-Modeling Description and Strategy
Because of the large size of the FFM, long execution time is required; 5 to 6 days are typically required for each full simulation prediction case. A large number of predictions are needed to optimize development in such a large area. Therefore, to enable many runs in less time, this study was carried out with a combination of three tools: the FFM, 2D sector models, and 3D sector models.
Optimizing Vertical Well Placement
Vertical well placement in the reservoir is critical and guided by the water movement. The objective is to choose the best layers for the maximum-reservoir- contact (MRC) horizontal-well placement to ensure the best sweep efficiency and delay water breakthrough at the producers.
Several 2D sector models were created from different areas of the reservoir to study the water movement. In both the high-permeability and the low-permeability areas, the study concluded that the best placement for the horizontal drains for producers and injectors is in the bottom layers. This placement delayed water arrival and improved oil sweep.
Technology Focus: Tight Reservoirs (October 2015)
Authors: Kalfayan Leonard 
Published: September 2016

Technology Focus
When the October 2014 Tight Reservoirs feature went to press, the WTI crude oil price was at or near USD 100/bbl. When the feature was published, the price, although already declining, was still more than USD 80/bbl. And the October 2014 feature noted the fast-paced growth in exploration and development of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs and the associated need to determine how to accelerate and sustain longer-term production. Now, 1 year later and in a very different business climate with much lower hydrocarbon prices and greatly reduced well-drilling activity, there is a shift in focus. The need to understand, develop, and implement the means to increase reserves recovery (or to produce more from what we have while at the same time reducing costs) is now the priority.
In order to accomplish these more-prudent, more-sustainable objectives, increased attention is being placed on understanding fluid-flow behavior in tight and unconventional reservoirs, on perforating and stimulation optimization, on enhanced-oil-recovery methods applicable to such formations, and on modeling and forecasting economic production profiles and field economic limits in variable price environments. Estimates of tight-reservoir hydrocarbon reserves continue to vary with uncertainty. What is known with certainty, though, is that current recovery rates are low and the upside is substantial. So, overcoming the challenges to reach more-aggressive, stretch targets in recovery and cost efficiency will be well worth the effort. The present business environment, though painful, presents an opportunity for the future. But, as always, collaboration across and among operators, technology and service providers, and academia will be necessary.
The papers featured this month provide a few examples of innovation, technology advancements, and learnings that can be applied to achieve more-sustained and more-economic production and reserve recovery. JPT

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 171580 A New Methodology To Forecast Solution Gas Production in Tight Oil Reservoirs by Shaoyong Yu, ConocoPhillips Canada
SPE 171826 Perforating With Deep- Penetrating Guns Followed by Propellant Treatment Yields Results in Tight Reservoirs—UAE Case Study by M.N. Aftab, ADCO, et al.
SPE 172663 Impact of Perforation- Tunnel Orientation and Length in Horizontal Wellbores on Fracture- Initiation Pressure in Maximum-Tensile- Stress-Criterion Model for Tight Gas Fields in the Sultanate of Oman by Andreas Briner, PDO, et al.
Understanding Waterflood Response in Tight Oil Formations: A Saskatchewan Case Study
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: September 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 171671, “Understanding Waterflood Response in Tight Oil Formations: A Case Study of the Lower Shaunavon,” by Adrian Thomas, SPE, Anjani Kumar, SPE, and Kenny Rodrigues, SPE, Computer Modelling Group, and Ryan Sinclair, SPE, Colin Lackie, Angela Galipeault, and Mike Blair, Crescent Point Energy, prepared for the 2014 SPE/CSUR Unconventional Resources Conference—Canada, Calgary, 30 September–2 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
An 18-well numerical-simulation model was built to represent an operator’s Lower Shaunavon waterfloodpilot area. Numerical simulation was used, and a history match on the pilot area was performed. By use of parameters obtained from the history match, a representative model was built and a sensitivity study was performed on hydraulic-fracture spacing and well spacing in both primary-depletion and waterflood scenarios.
Modeling-Work-Flow Description
The Shaunavon is partitioned into lower and upper members. The lower member is an authigenic carbonate shelf, while the upper member has a strong clastic influence from the west. Oil is trapped hydrodynamically; the oil fairway crosses both stratigraphic and structural trends. The Lower Shaunavon is divided into four intervals in the study area. The lowest interval is a calcareous cryptocrystalline mudstone. Sitting above this interval is the B Marker, which is a slightly more energetic environment. The A Marker marks a regressive lag as a result of a sea-level drop. It consists of wackestone to some packstone rock and is bounded above and below by mudstones. The uppermost interval represents a high-energy environment.
A geological model was developed for the lower Shaunavon pilot area on the basis of well logs, petrophysical data, and surface maps. The model was developed further into a dynamic simulation model by incorporating pressure/volume/temperature data, relative permeability, well trajectory, well completion, and historical well-production and -injection information for all wells located within the pilot area.
A history match was performed on a single-well submodel to obtain improved values of reservoir hydraulic-fracture properties in the surrounding region. These values were applied to the full pilot area, and the model was simulated in an attempt to achieve a history match. Once the pilot area was history matched, forecast runs of an additional 50 years were performed to gauge future production along with future drilling scenarios. By use of the properties obtained through history matching, a new generalized model was built and different forecast scenarios were run to determine well spacing under both primary depletion and waterflood. For a discussion of reservoir-parameter selection and simulation-model setup, please see the complete paper.