bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image‐based background phase error correction in 4D flow MRI revisited
Authors: Busch Julia , Giese Daniel , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo correct background phase errors in phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), image‐based correction by referencing through stationary tissue is widely used. The aim of the present study was a detailed assessment of background phase errors in 4D Flow MRI and limitations of image‐based correction.Materials and MethodsIn a phantom study, 4D Flow MRI data were acquired for typical settings on two clinical 3T MR systems. Background errors were analyzed with respect to their spatial order and minimum requirements regarding the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and the amount of stationary tissue for image‐based correction were assessed. For in vivo evaluation, data of the aorta were acquired on one 3T MR system in five healthy subjects including subsequent scans on the stationary phantom as reference.ResultsBackground errors were found to exhibit spatial variation of first‐ to third‐order. For correction, a minimum SNR of 20 was needed to achieve an error of less than 0.4% of the encoding velocity. The minimum amount of stationary tissue was strongly dependent on the spatial order requiring at least 25%, 60%, and 75% of stationary tissue for first‐, second‐, and third‐order correction. In vivo evaluation showed that with 35–41% of stationary tissue available only first‐order correction yielded a significant reduction (P < 0.01).ConclusionBackground phase errors can range from first to third spatial order in 4D Flow MRI requiring correction with appropriate polynomials. At the same time, the limited amount of stationary tissue available in vivo limits image‐based background phase correction to first spatial order.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1516–1525.
Real‐time multislice MRI during continuous positive airway pressure reveals upper airway response to pressure change
Authors: Chen Weiyi , Gillett Emily , Khoo Michael C.K. , Davidson Ward Sally L. , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo determine if a real‐time magnetic resonance imaging (RT‐MRI) method during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can be used to measure neuromuscular reflex and/or passive collapsibility of the upper airway in individual obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects.Materials and MethodsWe conducted experiments on four adolescents with OSA and three healthy controls, during natural sleep and during wakefulness. Data were acquired on a clinical 3T scanner using simultaneous multislice (SMS) RT‐MRI during CPAP. CPAP pressure level was alternated between therapeutic and subtherapeutic levels. Segmented airway area changes in response to rapid CPAP pressure drop and restoration were used to estimate 1) upper airway loop gain (UALG), and 2) anatomical risk factors, including fluctuation of airway area (FAA).ResultsFAA significantly differed between OSA patients (2–4× larger) and healthy controls (Student's t‐test, P < 0.05). UALG and FAA measurements indicate that neuromuscular reflex and passive collapsibility varied among the OSA patients, suggesting the presence of different OSA phenotypes. Measurements had high intrasubject reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient r > 0.7).ConclusionSMS RT‐MRI during CPAP can reproducibly identify physiological traits and anatomical risk factors that are valuable in the assessment of OSA. This technique can potentially locate the most collapsible airway sites. Both UALG and FAA possess large variation among OSA patients.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1400–1408.
Development of the curvilinear coordinate method for the computation of quasi‐static fields induced by an eddy current probe scanning a 3D conductor of complex shape characterized by an arbitrary 2D surface
Authors: Prémel D. , Granet G. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis paper deals with the development of a semi‐analytical model for the fast computation of the quasi‐static field induced by any eddy current probe in a 3D conductor of complex shape. The workpiece is considered as a planar half‐space mock‐up with an interface air conductor characterized by an arbitrary 2D surface a(x, y). The curvilinear coordinate method consists in introducing a change of coordinates to be able to write analytically and easily the boundary conditions at the interface air‐metal. Due to the novel generalized metric space, the covariant form of Maxwell equations must be considered. The curvilinear coordinate method is widely used in the optical community for the analysis the diffraction phenomenon on gratings. The method has been applied recently for eddy current calculations in the planar case for 2.5D configurations characterized by a 3D eddy current probe and a 2D layered stratified conducting media. By an extension to 3D problems, this work constitutes the preliminary task for the development of a complete numerical model, which has the capability to address very complex eddy current nondestructive testing configurations such as a stratified layered media constituted by a set rough interfaces. For that purpose, the modal formalism is described for the first time in the 3D case, and several numerical experiments show the validity and the efficiency of the fast numerical model in comparison to the finite element method.
Varved sediment responses to early Holocene climate and environmental changes in Lake Meerfelder Maar (Germany) obtained from multivariate analyses of micro X‐ray fluorescence core scanning data
Authors: Martin‐Puertas Celia , Tjallingii Rik , Bloemsma Menno , Brauer Achim 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTWe present an early Holocene record from Lake Meerfelder Maar in Germany for in‐depth interpretation of depositional changes in annually laminated lake sediments as proxies for climatic and local environmental changes. We characterized the compositional changes in the sediment record using Ward's clustering analyses of the micro X‐ray fluorescence core scanning data and linked these to microfacies descriptions. The down‐core distribution of the clusters allowed us to define boundaries that represent variations of a comprehensive element assemblage occurring at 11 555, 11 230, 10 650, 10 515 and 9670 varve a BP. Our main results show that during the Early Holocene the long‐term vegetation reorganization and evolution of the lake's catchment played a predominant role for sediment deposition. Abrupt shifts occurred at the Younger Dryas/Holocene and the Preboreal/Boreal biostratigraphical boundaries. We do not observe clear signals corresponding to known short‐term climatic oscillations described in the North Atlantic region such as the Preboreal Oscillation. A unique and intriguing episode in the history of the lake of predominantly organic deposition and very low amounts of allochthonous sediments occurred between 10 515 and 9670 varve a BP and is related to hydrological thresholds.
Analysis of standard chromaticity gamut area metrics
Authors: Masaoka Kenichiro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIt is herein proposed to measure display gamut sizes by employing the International Telecommunication Union—Radiocommunication Sector Recommendation BT.2020 (Rec. 2020) area‐coverage ratios in the xy chromaticity diagram rather than the standard gamut area metrics that use the horseshoe‐shaped spectrum chromaticity area as the target in the u′v′ chromaticity diagram. It is more reasonable to use the Rec. 2020 gamut than the spectrum gamut as the target because the Rec. 2020 area‐coverage ratios in the xy diagram are better correlated than the spectrum area‐coverage ratios with the volume‐coverage ratios of object color gamuts that are visually significant in displaying natural scenes.
Super multi‐view 3D displays reduce conflict between accommodative and vergence responses
Authors: Mizushina Haruki , Nakamura Junya , Takaki Yasuhiro , Ando Hiroshi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA conflict between accommodation and vergence is one possible cause of visual fatigue and discomfort while viewing conventional three‐dimensional displays. Previous studies have proposed the super multi‐view (SMV) display technique to solve the vergence–accommodation conflict, in which two or more parallax images enter the pupil of the eye with highly directional rays. We simultaneously measured accommodative, vergence, and pupillary responses to SMV three‐dimensional displays to examine whether they can reduce the conflict. For comparison, responses to two‐view stereo images and real objects were also measured. The results show that the range of the accommodative response was increased by the SMV images compared with the two‐view images. The slope of the accommodation–vergence response function for the SMV images was similar to that for the real objects rather than the two‐view images. We also found that enhancement of the accommodative range by the SMV images is noticeable with binocular viewing, indicating that vergence‐induced accommodation plays an important role in viewing SMV displays. These results suggest that SMV displays induced a more natural accommodative response than did conventional, two‐view stereo displays. As a result, SMV displays reduced the vergence–accommodation conflict.
The current status of human laryngeal transplantation in 2017: A state of the field review
Authors: Krishnan Giri , Du Charles , Fishman Jonathan M. , Foreman Andrew , Lott David G. , Farwell Gregory , Belafsky Peter , Krishnan Suren , Birchall Martin A. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesHuman laryngeal allotransplantation has long been contemplated as a surgical option following laryngectomy, but there is a paucity of information regarding the indications, surgical procedure, and patient outcomes. Our objectives were to identify all human laryngeal allotransplants that have been undertaken and reported in the English literature and to evaluate the success of the procedure.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, Current Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science and Scopus, and the Gray literature.Review MethodsA comprehensive search strategy was undertaken across multiple databases. Inclusion criteria were case reports of patients who had undergone human laryngeal allotransplantation. Information regarding indications, operative techniques, complications, graft viability, and functional outcomes were extracted.ResultsA total of 5,961 articles, following removal of duplicates, matched the search criteria and were screened, with five case reports relating to two patients, ultimately fulfilling the entry criteria.ConclusionsTwo laryngeal transplants have been reported in the medical literature. Although both patients report improved quality of life relating to their ability to communicate with voice, further research is necessary to shape our understanding of this complicated operation, its indications, and its functional outcomes. Laryngoscope, 127:1861–1868, 2017
Laboratory assessment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A case‐control study
Authors: Fasano Tommaso , Pertinhez Thelma A. , Tribi Lorenzo , Lasagni Daniela , Pilia Annalisa , Vecchia Luigi , Baricchi Roberto , Bianchin Giovanni 
Published: February 2017

Objectives/HypothesisSudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is an otologic emergency that affects five to 30 subjects per 100,000/year. The cause of SSHL remains unknown or uncertain in 70% to 90% of cases, and treatment decisions are usually made without knowing the etiology.Study DesignProspective case‐control study.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐one idiopathic SSHL patients were recruited from January 2014 to June 2015 in concordance with the Statements of Clinical Practice Guideline and divided into groups according to the disease severity. A clinical laboratory assessment was completed on blood samples collected from SSHL patients and control subjects. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between laboratory data and SSHL basis.ResultsOnly a few SSHL patients were positive for autoimmunity or viral infection. Statistically significant (P < .05) higher levels of blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), lipoprotein (a), and factor VIII were found in SSHL patients compared to controls. Furthermore, blood glucose, HbA1C, uric acid, factor VIII, and homocysteine were significantly associated to disease severity.ConclusionsGluco‐metabolic, lipidic, and coagulative laboratory data support the vascular hypothesis for SSHL and its severity.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 127:2375–2381, 2017
Can contaminated water be rendered safe for nasal saline irrigations?
Authors: Ordemann Allison G. , Stanford James K. , Sullivan Donna C. , Reed J. Mark 
Published: February 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare sterile water to three methods of sterilization (carbon filtration, boiling, and ultraviolet [UV] light) for preparation of nasal saline irrigants free of bacterial and amebic contaminants.Study DesignBench‐top translational research and cost comparison.MethodsSterile water was compared to common sterilization methods. Sterile water was contaminated with known concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Moraxella catarrhalis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Legionella pneumophila, and Naegleria fowleri. Test samples were subjected to boiling, carbon filtration, or ultraviolet light (UV) and then cultivated on appropriate media. Controls included samples of sterile water (negative control) and untreated test samples (positive control).ResultsCarbon filtration reduced but did not eliminate the number of organisms present in test samples. Boiling test samples for 5 minutes and UV light treatment resulted in sterilization of all organisms. Negative (sham contaminated) samples produced no growth, whereas positive (untreated) samples grew numerous organisms as expected. A cost comparison between bottled water and UV water sterilization (with SteriPEN Ultra) became equal in less than 2 years of consistent use.ConclusionsCarbon filtration reduces contamination but does not sterilize water and is thus unsafe for preparation of nasal saline irrigant. Boiling and UV treatment resulted in sterilization and are equivalent to purchased sterile water. Ultraviolet treatment was found to be safe, convenient, and a cost‐effective alternative to purchased sterile water.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:1513–1519, 2017
Impacts of disease severity on postoperative complications in children with sleep‐disordered breathing
Authors: Kang Kun‐Tai , Chang I‐Sheng , Tseng Chia‐Chen , Weng Wen‐Chin , Hsiao Tzu‐Yu , Lee Pei‐Lin , Hsu Wei‐Chung 
Published: February 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the effects of diseases severity on postoperative complications following adenotonsillectomy (T&A) in children with sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB).Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsChildren aged <18 years were enrolled and underwent T&A for treating SDB. Polysomnography was used to classify the disease severity: primary snoring (apnea‐hypopnea index [AHI] <1), mild (AHI = 1–5), moderate (AHI = 5–10), and severe obstructive sleep apnea [OSA] (AHI ≥10). Postoperative bleeding was graded using a severity scale (level I, self‐reported bleeding; level II, requiring inpatient admission; level III, requiring reoperation). Primary bleeding is defined as hemorrhage occurring within the initial 24 postoperative hours. Perioperative respiratory complications are defined as oxygen saturation of less than 90%, 92%, or 95% in the recovery room. Major respiratory complications include laryngospasm, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and intubation at recovery stage.ResultsA total of 610 children were included, of whom 42 (6.9%), eight (1.3%), and six (1.0%) children showed levels I, II, and III postoperative bleeding, respectively. Only one child had primary bleeding. The incidence and timing of postoperative bleeding did not differ significantly for children with different OSA severities. The rate of perioperative respiratory complications ranged from 1.6% to 14.3% on the basis of their definitions. The Cochran‐Armitage test supported the trend that perioperative respiratory complications increase with the AHI. Six children developed major respiratory complications, which were not significantly associated with OSA severity.ConclusionsChildren with severe OSA have increased risks of perioperative respiratory complications. However, OSA severity does not influence major respiratory complications or postoperative bleeding in children.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:2646–2652, 2017
Direct measurements of the light dependence of gross photosynthesis and oxygen consumption in the ocean
Authors: Bailleul Benjamin , Park Jisoo , Brown Christopher M. , Bidle Kay D. , Lee Sang Hoon , Falkowski Paul G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe measured the light dependence of gross photosynthesis and oxygen uptake rates by membrane inlet mass spectrometry in two open ocean regions: the Amundsen Sea (Antarctica), dominated by Phaeocystis antarctica, and the North Atlantic, dominated by Emiliania huxleyi. In the North Atlantic, respiration was independent of irradiance and was higher than the gross photosynthetic rate at all irradiances. In contrast, in the Amundsen Sea, oxygen uptake processes were light dependent; dark respiration was one order of magnitude lower than the maximal gross photosynthetic rate, but the oxygen uptake rate increased by 10 fold at surface irradiances. Our results suggest the light dependence of oxygen uptake in Amundsen Sea has two sources: one is independent of photosynthesis, and is possibly associated with the photo‐reduction of O2 mediated by dissolved organic matter; the second reflects the activity of an oxidase fueled in the light with photosynthetic electron flow. Our results highlight the importance of improving our understanding of oxygen consuming reactions in the euphotic zone.
Rigid spine syndrome associated with sensory‐motor axonal neuropathy resembling Charcot–Marie‐Tooth disease is characteristic of Bcl‐2‐associated athanogene‐3 gene mutations even without cardiac involvement
Authors: Noury Jean‐Baptiste , Maisonobe Thierry , Richard Pascale , Delague Valérie , Malfatti Edoardo , Stojkovic Tanya 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Bcl‐2‐associated athanogene‐3 (BAG3) mutations have been described in rare cases of rapidly progressive myofibrillar myopathies. Symptoms begin in the first decade with axial involvement and contractures and are associated with cardiac and respiratory impairment in the second decade. Axonal neuropathy has been documented but usually not as a key clinical feature. Methods: We report a 24‐year‐old woman with severe rigid spine syndrome and sensory‐motor neuropathy resembling Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT). Results: Muscle MRI showed severe fat infiltration without any specific pattern. Deltoid muscle biopsy showed neurogenic changes and discrete myofibrillar abnormalities. Electrocardiogram and transthoracic echocardiography results were normal. Genetic analysis of a panel of 45 CMT genes showed no mutation. BAG3 gene screening identified the previously reported c.626C>T, pPro209Leu, mutation. Discussion: This case indicates that rigid spine syndrome and sensory‐motor axonal neuropathy are key clinical features of BAG3 mutations that should be considered even without cardiac involvement. Muscle Nerve, 57: 330–334, 2018
A carpal tunnel grading system including combined sensory index‐diagnosed mild cases: Relation to presenting features and outcomes
Authors: Zeidman Lawrence A. , Pandey Dilip K. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Prior studies have demonstrated superiority of the combined sensory index (CSI) algorithm in diagnosing mild carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and have compared presenting symptoms to CTS grade. However, CTS symptoms, signs, and outcomes, including CSI‐diagnosed cases, have not been compared with CTS grade. Methods: We retrospectively studied 294 CTS hands from 2010 to 2013; stratified them into mild, moderate, and severe grades; and analyzed the association between CTS grade and presenting symptoms/signs and outcomes. Results: Sensorimotor symptoms (P = 0.017) and signs (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with CTS grade. Regardless of CTS grade, 94% of hands improved with surgery compared with 42% with conservative treatment (P < 0.001). Even in mild CTS, 100% improved with surgery vs. 33% with conservative management (P = 0.011). Discussion: These results corroborate prior studies that compared symptoms to CTS grade and suggest that more objective signs associate even better. CTS grades associate with outcomes, but additional studies are required. Muscle Nerve 57: 45–48, 2018
Acid‐Responsive N‐Heteroacene‐Based Material Showing Multi‐Emission Colors
Authors: Isoda Kyosuke 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn acid‐responsive N‐heteroacene‐based material has been prepared, which shows a blue emission color in a film. The protonation of this material in a thin film gives rise to remarkable changes in luminescent color compared to that in solution states. As the protonation of N‐heteroacene molecules in films gradually occurs, their emission color can be tuned by adjusting the exposure time of the thin films to HCl vapor.
Smokeless GAP‐RDX Composite Rocket Propellants Containing Diaminodinitroethylene (FOX‐7)
Authors: Jensen Tomas L. , Unneberg Erik , Kristensen Tor E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractComposite rocket propellants prepared from nitramine fillers (RDX or HMX), glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) binder and energetic plasticizers are potential substitutes for smokeless double‐base propellants in some rocket motors. In this work, we report GAP‐RDX propellants, wherein the nitramine filler has been partly or wholly replaced by 1,1‐diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethylene (FOX‐7). These smokeless propellants, containing 60% energetic solids and 15% N‐butyl‐2‐nitratoethylnitramine (BuNENA) energetic plasticizer, exhibited markedly reduced shock sensitivity with increasing content of FOX‐7. Conversely, addition of FOX‐7 reduced the thermochemical performance of the propellants, and samples without nitramine underwent unsteady combustion at lower pressures (no burn rate catalyst was added). The mechanical characteristics were quite modest for all propellant samples, and binder‐filler interactions improved slightly with increasing content of FOX‐7. Overall, FOX‐7 remains an attractive, but less than ideal, substitute for nitramines in smokeless GAP propellants.
Sliding mode fault‐tolerant control of uncertain system: A delta operator approach
Authors: Gao Yabin , Wu Ligang , Shi Peng , Li Hongyi 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the sliding mode control of uncertain nonlinear systems against actuator faults and external disturbances based on delta operator approach. The nonlinearity, actuator fault, and external disturbance are considered in this study, and the bounds of Euclidean norms of the nonlinearity and the specific lower and upper bounds of the actuator faults and the disturbances are unknown knowledge. Our attention is mainly focused on designing a sliding mode fault‐tolerant controller to compensate the effects from the nonlinearity, unknown actuator fault, and external disturbance. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, a novel‐adaptive fault‐tolerant sliding mode control law is deigned such that the resulting closed loop delta operator system is finite‐time convergence and the actuator faults can be tolerated, simultaneously. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control design scheme. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.