bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similarity in General Cognitive Ability, Creativity, and Cognitive Style in a Sample of Adolescent Russian Twins
Authors: Grigorenko E.L. , LaBuda M.C. , Carter A.S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractData on five tests of general and specific cognitive abilities, cognitive styles, and creativity, obtained from members of 60 identical and 63 fraternal Russian adolescent twin pairs, are presented. All tests are adaptations of standardized instruments widely used outside of the Soviet Union. Identical and fraternal twin correlations for general cognitive ability yielded a lower estimate of heritability (0.29) than generally found in other countries worldwide (0.52) although the twin correlations themselves are fairly comparable to figures from other countries and cultures — 0.83 and 0.69 for Russian identical and fraternal twin pairs, respectively, vs 0.86 and 0.60 for non-Russian identical, and fraternal twin pairs. Twin correlations for other cognitive-related abilities assessed were also comparable to correlations obtained outside the Soviet Union with the exception of creativity which yielded higher within-pair resemblance than reported in previous twin studies.
Zygosity, Placental Membranes and Weinberg's Rule in a Danish Consecutive Twin Series
Authors: Husby H. , Holm N.V. , Gernow A. , Thomsen S.G. , Kock K. , Gürtler H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe usual assumption that monochorionic twins are monozygotic has recently been questioned, based on blood group discordance in 3 of 12 monochorionic pairs. Therefore, this study evaluates the validity of zygosity diagnosis based on examination of placental membranes, and at the same time evaluates Weinberg's differential rule in a Danish consecutive twin series. All twin pairs, 265 like-sexed and 87 unlike-sexed pairs, born at Odense University Hospital, Denmark, from 1 January 1980 through 31 August 1988, were ascertained. In 229 like-sexed pairs, zygosity was determined by serological methods, and in 190 of these, the fetal membranes could be reliably classified. Fiftynine monochorionic twin pairs were identified and none of those pairs were discordant for any genetic markers. Therefore, we conclude that monochorionic twins can be considered monozygotic. The distribution of monozygotic and dizygotic pairs was in accordance with Weinberg's rule.
Twin Studies in Auto-immune Disease
Authors: Leslie R.D.G. , Hawa M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractImmune-mediated diseases affect up to 5% of the population and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. These diseases can be organ specific, such as insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) and non-organ specific, such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Identical and non-identical twins have been used to establish whether these diseases are determined by genetic or environmental factors. The results of these studies have been collated in a new section of the Mendel Institute in Rome.Diseases included in these studies included IDDM, RA, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Myasthenia. Striking differences in concordance rates between identical and non-identical twins in all these studies suggest that genetic factors are important in causing these diseases. All the diseases are known to be associated with HLA genes on chromosome 6 which may account for some or all of the genetic susceptibility. However, in the majority of pairs the affected twin has an unaffected co-twin. These observations suggest that non-genetically determined factors, probably environmental factors and not somatic mutations, are critical. The study of unaffected co-twins, who are at high disease-risk, has allowed the identification of changes which precede and predict the clinical disease. The immune-mediated destruction in many of these diseases is probably caused by T-lymphocytes. Twin studies have shown the importance of genetic factors in determining T-cell responses. Identical twins should, therefore, provide the perfect test bed to assess the role of T-cells in immune-mediated diseases.
An Epidemiologic Study on the Correlation between Clinical Symptomatology and Modality of Birth in Twins, 1990 to 1993
Authors: Cannatelli L. , Gitto E. , Prudente D. , Cordaro V. , Cordaro S. , Liotta C. , Barberi I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe neonatal intensive care of twins has seen many changes over later years. In fact, major improvements in prenatal evaluation and neonatal management techniques have greatly increased the possibility of survival for infants at risk, especially those born from multiple pregnancies. Our study reports the results of a retrospective survey for the years 1990 to 1993, on the outcome of 76 twin infants (ie. 11,4% of the 661 newborns admitted to our unit over that period) correlating the clincial symptoms observed with the modality of birth.
Studio delle Modificazioni Morfo-Funzionali delle Cellule Endoteliali in Gravidanze Gemellari
Authors: Staffolani R. , Biagini G. , Pugnaloni A. , Salvolini E. , Cester N. , Romanini C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLe gravidanze gemellari sono caratterizzate da riduzioni delle dimensioni del feto accompagnati dai corrispondenti riduzioni placentari, come precedentemente riportato. Anche modificazioni sono state evidenziate a carico degli altri annessi embrionali, mentre varie sono le problematiche non risolte. Pertanto noi abbiamo voluto valutare le caratteristiche morfofunzionali delle vene ombelcali cordonali di gemelli dicoriali confrontandoli con quelle di gravidanze normali a termine. Sono stati analizzati i cordoni ombelicali di gravidanze a termine e da una gravidanza gemellare dicoriale recisi dalla placenta subito dopo il parto. È stata utilizzata la microscopia elettronica a trasmissione (TEM) e a scansione (SEM). Per l'indagine immuno istochimica è stata impiegata la tecnica del complesso avidina-biotina perossidasi. Le cellule endoteliali sono state ottenute con il metodo di Jaffe e per gli studi di fluorescenza è stata utilizzata la sonda l-(4 trimetilaminofenil) 6 fenil-1,3,5 — esatriene (TMA-DPH).Nei cordoni ombelicali ottenuti da gravidanze normali a termine esse presentano una completa fase di differenziamento. Abbiamo infatti osservato: 1) elementi modicamente appiattiti, 2) protrusioni citoplasmatiche, 3) vescicole di pinocitosi e citoplasmatiche, 4) aggregati di lisomi, 5) corpi di Weibel e Palade, 6) nucleo lenticolare, 7) nucleo evidente con predominante eucromatina. La tonaca media appare ricca di fibrocellule muscolari lisce ricche di filamenti di tipo contrattile. Nei gemelli le celule endoteliali appaiono globose con aspetti di attività cellulare come anche confermato dagli studi biochimici. Le cellule muscolari sottostaminali risultano assai ricche di reticolo ergastoplasmatico e con fenotipo sintetico.In conclusione per quanto concerne il cordone ombelicale quanto da noi osservato istochimicamente ultrastrutturalmente biochimicamente pare sottolineare uno stato di minor maturità delle gravidanze gemellari rispetto ai controlli normali a termine.
Popliteal Aneurysm in Middle-Aged Identical Twins
Authors: Vigliotti G. , Franco E. , Cimino G. , Valitutti P. , Russo R. , Angrisani P. , Stabile M. , Munno A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFamilial aggregation of isolated abdominal aortic and isolated intracranial aneurysms have been described. Therefore, districtual aneurysm without a systemic genetic disease (e.g. Marfan, Ehlers Danlos etc.) can have a genetic basis. The authors are reporting on the development, in the sixth decade of life, of popliteal aneurysm in two identical twins E.U. and E.C. Zygosity was established on the basis of blood-group determinations, HLA haplotypes and cytogenetic variants. Mild clinical symptoms (intermittent claudication, calf cramps) had begun in E.C. at 21 years of age. Later, at 52 years of age, a thrombosis of the aneurysmatic sac on one side required surgical treatment. E.U. showed no clinical symptoms until the age of 60, when, within the interval of a few months, bilateral thrombosis had developed. The weight difference in the two subjects (E.C. 72 Kg, E.U. 64 Kg) may explain the difference between them as regards the age of onset of symptoms and body sides (one or both) affected. Angiographic, macroscopic and histologic aspects are documented. On surgical intervention, the aneursym was found at the biforcation of the popliteal artery, but no anomalous insertion of gas-trocnemii appeared to cause pressure on the artery leading to aneurysmatic dilatation. The aneurysmatic sac measured 2.5 cm in diameter and on histological examination, using haematoxylin-eosin and Van Gieson stain, showed fragmented elastic, collagen fibres.
Physical Growth of Japanese Twins
Authors: Ooki S. , Asaka A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe present study aimed at clarifying the characteristics of twins' physical growth. First, 557 pairs of normal Japanese twins were analyzed according to the following three life stages: (1) intrauterine growth, (2) body weight and height from birth to 6 years, and (3) body weight and height at school age (from 6 to 11 years). The following results were obtained. 1. Intrauterine growth of twins was very different from that of singletons, especially as regards weight, so twins should be estimated by twin standards. 2. Size deficit at birth was appropriately recovered over the first 6 years. 3. No size deficit was observed by school age. Second, the similarity of bodyweight and height according to zygosity was analyzed using 605 pairs of normal Japanese twins, 427 monozygotic (MZ), 113 same-sexed dizygotic (DZ) and 65 opposite-sexed DZ pairs. The similarity between MZ and DZ pairs was almost the same at birth. However, MZ pairs became increasingly more similar with age, whereas DZ pairs became more dissimilar. This tendency was very clearly seen through early infancy, thus suggesting that genetic factors became more apparent during this life stage.
Changing Trends in Twinning
Authors: Goswami R. , Goswami H.K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBirth statistics (on 13,887.943 births) from 11 Indian States indicate a fall in the dizygotic twinning rate and a rise in the monozygotic twinning rate over the decade between 1982 and 1991. These figures seem to reverse the trend of the period 1960-1982. One plausible explanation is offered by the age-data on mothers, which indicate that twins of different sex are more frequently born to mothers above the age of 35. Since extensive family planning measures have reduced the upper age-limit of mothers, the birth-rate of twins of different sex has also fallen. Due to the increased proportion of twins of the same sex, Weinberg's differential method will therefore report a decline in the dizygotic twinning rate, wherever the mean age of mothers has fallen (i.e. most mothers do not reproduce after the age of 35).
Birth Defects in Twins: Study in a Spanish Population
Authors: Ramos-Arroyo M.A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe risk for specific defects among twins compared to singletons was studied using data collected by the Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECEMC). A total of 136 twins had a major and/or minor congenital defect. The overall rate of congenital defects in twins (2.37%) did not deviate significantly from the rate in singletons (2.21%). Like-sex (LS) and male-male (MM) twin pairs had a slightly higher rate of birth defects than unlike-sex (US) and female-female (FF) pairs, respectively. Defects of the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and genitourinary system were significantly more frequent in LS twins than in singletons, with relative risks of 2.8, 2.5 and 1.6, respectively. No significantly increased risk was found among US twins. Among defects of the central nervous system, the rates of anencephaly, encephalocele and hydrocephaly were significantly higher in total and LS twins; however, no significantly increased risk for spina bifida was observed when compared to singletons. MM twins were also 1.9 times more likely to have hypospadias, but the risk among males of male-female (FM) pairs was decreased.
Selection Bias in Disease-Related Twin Studies — Data on 11,154 Adult Finnish Twin Pairs from a Nationwide Panel
Authors: Romanov K. , Koskenvuo M. , Kaprio J. , Sarna S. , Heikkilä K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe effect of migration on pairwise concordance for disease was assessed in 11,154 twin pairs of the Finnish Twin Cohort Study by comparing the pairs living in the same province to the pairs which members were living in different provinces of Finland. The cumulative incidence of psychosis and hypertension for the years 1972-1985 were analyzed. The cumulative concordance of psychosis for those MZ twin pairs living in the same province were higher than for those MZ pairs living further apart. Similar findings were found among DZ pairs for psychosis. The cumulative concordance of hypertension was only slightly higher among those MZ and DZ pairs living in the same province compared with pairs living in different provinces. These results indicate an overestimation of concordance of psychosis caused by selective migration. This bias in twin studies is likely to influence heritability estimates in a sample of limited geographical area.
Chronological Changes in Genetic Variance and Heritability of Anthropometric Characteristics Among Chinese Twin Infants
Authors: Chen C.J. , Yu M.W. , Wang C.J. , Tong S.L. , Tien M. , Lee T.Y. , Lue H.C. , Huang F.Y. , Lan C.C. , Yang K.H. , Wang H.C. , Shih H.Y. , Liu C.Y. , Chen J.S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn order to examine the chronologic changes in genetic variance and heritability of anthropometric characteristics of Chinese infants in Taiwan, a total of 521 pairs of same-sexed twin neonates given birth in four major general teaching hospitals in Taipei City were studied. Based on the placental pattern and 12 red blood cell antigens, 428 MZ and 93 DZ twin pairs were identified and followed up to the age of one year. There was no significant genetic variance for all anthropometric characteristics adjusted for sex and gestational week before the age of six months. After adjusting for sex and gestational week, a significant genetic variance was observed at the age of six months, with heritability values of 0.51 (weight), 0.63 (head circumference), 0.77 (chest circumference), and 0.53 (arm circumference), as well as at one year, although with considerably lower heritability values. This implies that growth is dynamically determined by both genetic and environmental factors during infancy.
An Agenda for Meeting the Special Needs of Multiple Birth Families
Authors: Malmstrom P.M. , Biale R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOver 80,000 multiple birth babies are born each year in the U.S. Their families must cope with a constellation of complex physical and psychosocial challenges, which jeopardizes their health and functioning. The demands of twin pregnancy and the parenting of twins, triplets, quadruplets, quintuplets or more puts these families at disproportionately high risk for infant mortality, birth defects, child abuse, substance abuse, financial problems and marital problems. Health and social service resources must be developed to alleviate the stresses associated with multiple birth and to empower parents to cope well. Guidelines for policies, parent education, professional training and service delivery developed for the California Department of Health Service, Maternal and Child Health Branch, are here offered for the consideration of policy makers and public health planners.
Multiple Regression Analysis of Twin Data: Etiology of Deviant Scores versus Individual Differences
Authors: DeFries J.C. , Fulker D.W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe multiple regression analysis of twin data in which a cotwin's score is predicted from a proband's score and the coefficient of relationship (the basic model) provides a statistically powerful test of genetic etiology. When an augmented model that also contains an interaction term is fitted to the same data set, direct estimates of heritability (h2) and the proportion of variance due to shared environmental influences (c2) are obtained. A simple transformation of selected twin data prior to regression analysis facilitates direct estimates of h2g (an index of the extent to which the difference between the mean of probands and that of the unselected population is heritable) and a test of the hypothesis that the etiology of deviant scores differs from that of variation within the normal range.
Twinning Rate in Scandinavia, Germany and the Netherlands During Years of Privation
Authors: Eriksson A.W. , Bressers W.M.A. , Kostense P.J. , Pitkänen K.J. , Mielke J.H. , Jorde L.B. , Tas R.F.J. , Fellman J.O. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTwinning rates were studied in Swedes, Åland Islanders, Finns, Germans, and Dutch during years of starvation when death rates were two to three times higher than average. In contrast to the situation among some animals, this study suggests that nutrition above a certain threshold is unimportant for human reproduction, including twinning. The twinning rates for these different populations display marked temporal differences, but low values in the twinning rate are not consistently associated with periods of epidemics, famine, or similar nutritional stress. After years of privation and/or separation of spouses, a rapid “catch-up effect” can often be seen in the twinning rates, as well as marriage and birth rates. Psychoendocrine factors and interparental immunological conditions that may be involved in this phenomenon are discussed.
U.S. Regional Changes in Twinning Rates
Authors: Allen Gordon 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe rise in twinning rates previously reported for U.S. between 1964 and 1987 after adjustment for maternal age and birth order occurred in each of the nine conventional geographic divisions except the Pacific States. Differences and consistencies in rank order among the divisions with respect to crude and adjusted twinning rates and other demographic parameters may hold clues to yet unidentified influences in twinning.
Conjoined Twins in Japan, 1979-1985
Authors: Imaizumi Yoko 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNation-wide data in Japan on the 112 sets of conjoined twins from fetal deaths and from postnatal deaths during 1979-1985 were analysed. Female conjoined twins accounted for 60% of cases. The incidence rate of conjoined twins remained Constant except in 1985. Overall incidence rate was 10 per million births. Maternal age effect was found in mothers over the age of 40, where the highest incidence rate was obtained. The incidence rate of conjoined twins increased with birth order. There was no seasonal variation in the time of conception.
New Case of an EEC-Like Syndrome in Twins
Authors: Schmidt M. , Salzano F.M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA patient wrongly referred as a possible victim of thalidomide showed the three classical cardinal features of the EEC syndrome, plus severe mental retardation, an unusual finding in this condition. His twin brother was similarly affected, and died at four months of age due to complications caused by the malformations. Their normal parents were first cousins. The concordance of the manifestation in the twins and the parents' consanguinity suggest that they had the recessive form of the EEC syndrome.
Demographic Parameters and Twinning: A Study in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Bertranpetit J. , Marin A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTwinning rates for the years 1975-79 in Catalonia (Spain) are presented. Crude rates are very low: 7.62 per 1,000 maternities, the DZTR and the MZTR being 3.74 and 3.88 respectively. Standardized rates remain very low. Sex ratio among twin couples is also very low (0.49 male vs 0.51 female births). A multiple linear stepwise regression on the twinning rates shows MZ rates to be influenced by birth order and father's age, and the DZ rates by mother's age and birth order.
Twinning in Greece
Authors: Kataki A. , Kouvatsi A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMean MZ and DZ twinning rates in seven big Greek cities were 3.2 and 4.75 per 1,000 maternities, respectively, during the 1980-1985 period. The seasonal variations in twinning frequencies are not significant. The total twinning rate in Greece shows a decreasing trend from 1956 to 1985.
The Effect of Twins on Family Relationships
Authors: Sandbank Audrey C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe results of the Bene Anthony Family Relations Test on 53 pairs of twins and 30 older siblings, as well as an analysis of personality inventories from their parents, are presented. It is shown that weight and birth order can affect not only personality and the way in which twins interact with each other, but can also affect family interaction. Particular attention has been given to the effect on and of the preceding sibling.
Grief in Multifetal Death
Authors: Sainsbury Mary Kay 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe grief process is examined within the framework of multifetal pregnancy in a variety of demise situations. The case studies examined were obtained from approximately 120 lettere and interviews with families predominantly of higher order multiple births, who have experienced either partial or total loss in their pregnancy or afterwards. Objective and subjective factors were addressed. Results indicate the steps of the grief response are worked through in the same order as a singleton demise, but differ in intensity, duration, and frequency, depending on the individual circumstances, type of loss, gestational age, and the parents' backgrounds, expectations and beliefs. A unique feature discovered is that the entire grieving process, from shock through acceptance, appears to be completely experienced twice, with a large percentage of parents experiencing all of the stages three or more times. The general conclusion of the study is that the grieving pattern in multifetal death indeed follows a cycle and pattern of its own and requires special considerations.
The European Multiple Birth Study (EMBS)
Authors: Vlietinck R. , Papiernik E. , Derom C. , Grandjean H. , Thiery M. , Derom R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe more that twin and other multiple pregnancies are investigated, the more it becomes mandatory that collaborative studies are set up in order to attain the criticai number of cases needed to achieve meaningful and reliable results. The European Multiple Birth Study (EMBS) aims to study two aspects of twin and multiple pregnancy: 1) management of pregnancy and labour, with emphasis on the prevention of preterm delivery; 2) accurate determination of zygosity, a prerequisite for the proper use of the twin method in a variety of fields, eg, congenital malformations, genetics, clinical investigations, etc. The rationale, the methods and the organisation of the study are described and discussed.
Management of Triplet Pregnancy
Authors: Pons J.C. , Mayenga J.M. , Plu G. , Forman R.G. , Papiernik E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBased on the outcome of 21 triplet pregnancies from Antoine Béclère Hospital, early diagnosis in the major requirement for improving rates of fetal survival in multiple pregnancies. The outcome was better in mothers with spontaneous ovulation than in those with induced ovulations. Elective cesarean section in proposed.