bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small bowel neuroendocrine tumors: Unique features and low lethality compared with small bowel adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Zhen , Xu Haibin , Li Luan , Leng Kaiming , Shi Guangjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimPopulation‐based studies comparing clinical characteristics and survival disparities between patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) and small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SBNETs) in the United States are limited.MethodsData for patients with SBA or SBNETs, obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database for the years between 2000 and 2018 were analyzed.ResultsBetween 2000 and 2018, the age‐adjusted incidence of SBA experienced a marginal increase whereas SBNETs demonstrated a significant increase, emerging as the predominant subtype of small bowel cancer (SBC). Diagnoses peaked at ages 65–69 years for SBA and 60–64 years for SBNETs, with the latter exhibiting a heightened age‐specific incidence and maintaining equilibrium in gender distribution. Clinicopathologic disparities revealed SBA's duodenal predilection, larger tumor size, and advanced stages, contrasting with SBNETs' ileal predilection, early‐stage presentation, and superior outcomes. SBNETs patients underwent surgery more frequently but received less chemotherapy and radiation than SBA patients. Factors intricately correlated with a diagnosis of SBNETs included female gender, White race, advanced age, marital status, recent diagnoses, superior tumor differentiation, smaller size, distal location, and early‐stage presentation. Survival analysis unveiled a remarkable 79% reduction in the mortality risk for SBNETs compared with SBA. Subgroup analysis further confirmed the consistently favorable survival advantages of SBNETs, highlighting the clinical relevance of histological classification in prognostication.ConclusionCompared with SBA, SBNETs exhibited distinctive clinicopathological features characterized by a higher inclination toward low‐grade and early‐stage manifestations, thereby contributing to superior survival outcomes.
‘It was hell on earth’: perspectives of people living with celiac disease on diagnostic delay
Authors: Fjorback Sofia Sif Overby , Eskildsen Fiona Ryom , Kårhus Line Lund , Linneberg Allan , Lund Anna Fowler , Schiøtz Michaela Louise , Grew Julie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCeliac disease (CD) is underdiagnosed and associated with diagnostic delays. This has long‐term consequences for the health and well‐being of people living with the condition. Little is known about the qualitative configurations of the assessment processes of people living with CD.MethodsUsing a thematic network analysis of 24 in‐depth interviews, this study explored the experiences of people living with CD related to their assessment processes leading to being diagnosed.ResultsA significant diagnostic delay (up to 26 years) was evident in many interviews. Factors contributing to diagnostic delay included limited knowledge about CD among general practitioners (GP) and in the general population, categorisations of symptoms as ‘typical’ or ‘atypical’ and psychosomatic explanations of symptoms. Diagnostic delay resulted in (1) decreased psychological well‐being due to severe symptoms, changes in self‐perception and self‐blame; (2) decreased physiological well‐being due to comorbidities; and (3) mistrust in the healthcare system, leading to an increase in informants' responsibility for expediting their assessment processes. This suggested the presence of a neoliberal tendency because informants felt they were primarily responsible for their assessment processes.ConclusionsWe encourage the implementation of initiatives to increase awareness of CD among GPs as well as more consistent and frequent use of the screening guideline due to variations in its clinical presentation. Increased awareness and consistency could reduce variations in assessment processes given GPs' varying knowledge about the condition.
Quality of birth care and risk factors of length of stay after birth: A machine learning approach
Authors: Cinaroglu Songul , Saylan Busra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimLength of stay (LOS) is an outcome measure and is assumed to be related to quality. The objective of this study is to examine the quality of birth care and risk factors associated with LOS after birth.MethodsA nationwide population‐based Turkish Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) was used for the year 2018. A total of 1849 women ages 15–49 were included. Explanatory factor analysis and machine learning predictors such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Neural Network, k‐Nearest Neighbor, and Naïve Bayes were used to identify the quality of birth care and risk factors associated with LOS after birth.ResultsAs a result of the explanatory factor analysis, factor structures of quality of birth care, antenatal check‐ups and supplements, and risk factors associated with birth were obtained using the Categorical Component Analysis method. The type of delivery, place of delivery, age, and type of place, which are under the quality of birth care, and risk factors associated with birth factors were found to be the variables that had the highest impact on LOS estimation. Random forest (Accuracy = 0.5789), support vector machine (radial) (Accuracy = 0.5766), and neural network (Accuracy = 0.5750) models outperformed, respectively.ConclusionType of delivery which is an indicator of quality of birth care is a strong predictor of LOS after birth according to the Random Forest model. We demonstrated that machine learning techniques offer precise LOS prediction after birth. Further studies assessing the effect of quality of birth care on predicting LOS at birth would be beneficial.
Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia and postpartum analgesia in Japan: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sakamaki Daisuke , Shiko Yuki , Ikeda Yusuke , Watanabe Kaede , Noguchi Shohei , Kawasaki Yohei , Mazda Yusuke 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aims to investigate the clinical practice of physicians working in obstetric setting toward postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery (CD) with neuraxial anesthesia.MethodsWe conducted this online survey to all active members of the Japan Society of Obstetric Anesthesiology and Perinatology (JSOAP), where leads academic society in obstetric anesthesia in Japan. The questionnaire was developed using the Delphi method. The survey included questions about routine practices for PONV prevention, the use of neuraxial opioids, optimal practices, and perceived obstacles. The email sent three times every 2 weeks as a reminder.ResultsA total of 1046 e‐mails were sent, and 307 JSOAP members responded to the survey (29.3%). More than half of responders (62.7%) used neuraxial opioids with intrathecal morphine being the most frequent. They had a higher rate of multimodal PONV prophylaxis compared with who did not use neuraxial opioids for postoperative analgesia (19.9% vs 6.7%). Metoclopramide was the commonest medication for PONV prevention, and there was a significant difference in the use of 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonists (19.9% vs. 8.6%, p = 0.012). We observed that 80% of physicians reported the routine administration of prophylaxis for PONV for CD. Among these, 20% indicated the use of two or more agents. Conversely, in the cohort not administering neuraxial opioids, only 6.7% reported the use of two or more agents.ConclusionThe online survey showed that the physicians using neuraxial opioids for CD had a higher proportion of multimodal PONV management involving two or more agents.
Tadalafil use is associated with a lower incidence of Type 2 diabetes in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Takayama Atsushi , Yoshida Satomi , Kawakami Koji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundTadalafil, commonly prescribed for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), may benefit patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for glycemic markers and complications. However, the association between the long‐term use of tadalafil and the incidence of T2DM has not been investigated.MethodsWe emulated a target trial of tadalafil use (5 mg/day) and the risk of T2DM using a population‐based claims database in Japan. Patients who initiated tadalafil or alpha‐blockers for BPH and had no history of diabetes diagnosis, no dispensing of glucose‐lowering drugs, and no history of hemoglobin A1c levels of ≥6.5% (47–48 mmol/mol) were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of T2DM. Pooled logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and 5‐year cumulative incidence differences (CIDs).ResultsA total of 5180 participants initiated tadalafil treatment and were compared with 20,049 patients who initiated alpha‐blockers. The median follow‐up time for each arm was 27.2 months (interquartile range [IQR], 12.0–47.9) in tadalafil users and 31.3 months (IQR, 13.7–57.2) in alpha‐blocker users. The incidence rates of T2DM in tadalafil and alpha‐blocker users were 5.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0–7.2) and 8.8 (95% CI, 7.8–9.8) per 1000‐person years, respectively. Initiation of tadalafil was associated with a reduced risk of T2DM (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.39–0.62; 5‐year CID, −0.031; 95% CI, −0.040 to −0.019).ConclusionThe incidence of T2DM was lower in men with BPH treated with tadalafil than in those treated with alpha‐blockers. Thus, tadalafil may be more beneficial than alpha‐blockers in preventing T2DM.
Families with more than one trans person: Investments and divestments in cisnormativity
Authors: Riggs Damien W. , Skelton Salem , Katz‐Wise Sabra L. , Sansfaçon Annie Pullen , Arora Manvi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how having more than one trans person in a family facilitates investments in or divestments from cisnormativity.BackgroundWhile there is now a robust body of literature on trans people's experiences with cisgender family members and vice versa, largely missing has been a focus on families where more than one person in the family is trans.MethodThis paper focuses on a subsample of 10 families from a large international qualitative longitudinal study conducted across six countries, focused on trans young people and their families. The paper draws on interviews conducted in 2022 and 2023 with families in which more than one family member was trans. Transcribed interviews were analyzed thematically.ResultsThe themes developed indicate that while for some families having multiple trans family members may mean that some cisgender family members invest further in cisnormativity, for other family members the existence of multiple trans family members may encourage divestments from cisnormativity, to the benefit of trans young people. Specifically, themes focus on multiple trans family members highlighting cisnormativity, and conversely, multiple trans family members indicating likelihood of support and offering a safe haven.ImplicationsThe paper concludes by emphasizing that while encouraging divestments from cisnormativity should not be the work of trans people, it is nonetheless important that research continues to investigate the experiences of families in which more than one person is trans.
Business, Conflict, and Peace: A Systematic Literature Review and Conceptual Framework
Authors: Joseph Jay , Maon François , Uribe‐Jaramillo Maria Teresa , Katsos John E. , Lindgreen Adam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is growing recognition that business activity can promote peacebuilding, yet contradictory claims have emerged about company roles in peace and conflict. The research field of business and peace has focused on this issue, as have scholars in related fields like political science, economics, law, and ethics. This has led to definitional variations, alongside unit and level of analysis differences, which generate contradictory claims that hamper future research on this critical topic. To reconcile extant research around companies and their place in peacebuilding scholarship, we undertake an organizational‐level examination of the field, cataloguing the research by scholars across disciplines through a systematic review of 215 publications. Our review maps the known ways by which businesses can engage in peacebuilding, while demonstrating how organizations exercise their agency to create heterogenous effects on peace and conflict. Our analysis highlights the need for businesses to advance peace‐positive ends across a range of activities to reduce the conflict‐causing effects of business. By showing that businesses, intentionally or not, create peace or conflict through their activities, this article issues a call to action for scholars and decision‐makers to advance knowledge concerning peacebuilding organizations.
Shrinking suitable habitat of a sub‐Arctic foundation kelp under future climate scenarios
Authors: Li Huiru , Qu Junmei , Zhang Zhixin , Kang Eun Ju , Edwards Matthew S. , Kim Ju‐Hyoung 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClimate change has profound effects on the distribution of kelp forests in the Arctic and sub‐Arctic. However, studies on the responses of kelps to climate change, particularly along the sub‐Arctic regions of the Alaska coast, are limited. Eualaria fistulosa is a foundational kelp species in the Aleutian Islands, with an east–west distribution that extends from Japan to southern southwest Alaska. In this study, we utilized a species distribution model (SDM) to explore changes in the future habitat suitability of E. fistulosa under contrasting Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. Our model exhibited relatively high predictive performance, validating our SDM predictions. Notably, the SDM results indicate that minimum sea surface temperature, annual range in sea surface temperatures, and annual mean current velocities are the three most important predictor variables determining E. fistulosa's distribution. Furthermore, the projected geographic distribution of Eualaria is generally consistent with its observed occurrence records. However, under high emission scenarios (SSP5‐8.5), E. fistulosa is predicted to contract its distribution range by 9.0% by 2100, with widespread disappearance along the southeast Alaskan coast and limited northward migration to Kamchatka Krai in Russia and Bristol Bay in Alaska. These findings contribute valuable insights for conservation strategies via addressing climate‐induced alterations in sub‐Arctic kelp distribution.
The effects of alternate‐day fasting on sleep and physical activity in poor sleeping adults: A randomized control trial
Authors: Deru Landon S. , Jacobsen Cameron G. , Gipson Elizabeth Z. , Graves Parker G. , Stevens Andrew J. , Duncan Garrett B. , Christensen William F. , Bailey Bruce W. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryUtilizing a randomized control design, 42 healthy adults (22.5 ± 2.8 years) participated in alternate‐day modified fasting over a 12‐day treatment period. Assessments of sleep included sleep time, efficiency, latency and wake after sleep onset, and assessments of physical activity included steps, energy expenditure, sedentary time, time spent in light physical activity and time spent in moderate‐to‐vigorous activity. Additional measurements included body composition and mood. The alternate‐day modified fasting group consumed 25.8% ± 0.3% fewer calories compared with the control group (p = 0.03). There were no differences between groups for change in body mass index (p = 0.87), total fat mass (p = 0.91) or total lean mass (p = 0.88). Daily energy expenditure did not differ between groups (p = 0.11). On fast days, participants spent 34.5 ± 12.7 more minutes sedentary (p = 0.01), took 1100 ± 362 fewer steps (p < 0.01), and engaged in 27.2 ± 8.4 fewer minutes of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (p = 0.00) compared with non‐fasting days. Sleep duration, efficiency, latency or wake after sleep onset were not different between conditions (p = 0.92, p = 0.10, p = 0.09 and p = 0.66, respectively). We conclude that alternate‐day modified fasting does not alter sleep time, efficiency, latency or wake after sleep onset in people reporting poor sleep quality, and does not alter overall physical activity. Although average daily physical activity is not altered, fasting in this manner does tend to result in more sedentary time and less physical activity with compensation on non‐fasting days.
Effect of Age on the Pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin Following Intravenous Administration in Calves
Authors: Corum Orhan , Yuksel Murat , Coskun Devran , Durna Corum Duygu , Kartal Serafettin , Cellat Mustafa , Uney Kamil 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after intravenous (IV) administration of a single dose of 10 mg/kg to calves of different ages. The study was carried on 1‐ (n = 6), 2‐ (n = 6), and 4‐month‐old (n = 6) Montofon calves. Plasma concentrations of marbofloxacin were measured using HPLC, and pharmacokinetic data were calculated by non‐compartmental analysis. The elimination half‐life (t
1/2ʎz
), volume of distribution at steady state (V
dss), total clearance (ClT), and area under the concentration‐versus time curve (AUC0–∞) values of marbofloxacin in 1‐month‐old calves were 10.62 h, 1.03 L/kg, 0.08 L/h/kg, and 127.90 h*μg/mL, respectively. While the t
1/2ʎz
(from 10.62 to 3.36 h) and AUC0–∞ (from 127.90 to 47.35 h*μg/mL) decreased in parallel with the age of the calves, ClT (from 0.08 to 0.21 L/h/kg) increased. The V
dss of marbofloxacin was higher in 1‐ and 2‐month‐old calves compared to 4‐month‐old calves. After IV administration of marbofloxacin at a dose of 10 mg/kg, an ƒAUC0–24/MIC90 ratio of ≥ 125 was obtained for bacteria with MIC90 values of ≤ 0.60, ≤ 0.39 and ≤ 0.27 μg/mL in 1‐, 2‐, and 4‐month‐old calves, respectively. These results show that the antibacterial effect of marbofloxacin, which has concentration‐dependent activity, decreases due to age‐related pharmacokinetic changes and that the 10 mg/kg dose should be reviewed according to the MIC90 value of the bacteria.
Order Effects in Second Language Learning
Authors: Romain Laurence , Milin Petar , Divjak Dagmar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe explore how general principles of learning apply to and combine with usage‐based approaches to language learning and teaching, with a focus on the effects of order of exposure to new information in second language (L2) instruction. Although the effects of input spacing and timing on memory and learning have been previously explored (see Rogers, 2020; Shintani, 2017, for an overview), the effects of order of exposure to the input remain understudied. In this study, we tested whether order of exposure to information in the L2 plays a role in L2 learning and whether an optimal order where the most reliable cues are introduced first ensures that foreign language learners are better equipped to form representations that allow flexible, yet accurate generalisations. We analysed data collected through a training study that teaches the English article system to first language (L1) speakers whose language does not have markers of definiteness.
The logic of ambitious legislators in fluid party systems
Authors: Mustillo Thomas , Polga‐Hecimovich John , Sánchez Francisco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClassic theories of political ambition assume relatively stable and programmatic party systems. However, in many parts of the world, ‘fluid’ or ‘inchoate’ party systems do not provide ambitious legislators with the electoral benefits associated with stable party brands. In this paper, we examine ambition in fluid party systems: What is the frequency of party switching for legislators who seek re‐election, and what are their characteristics? What incentives do parties create to push away or retain legislators? And which parties do ambitious legislators seek out? Using a systems approach, we argue that in fluid party systems, legislators' office‐seeking behavior is driven by their attitudes towards parties and their constituents, their prospective evaluation of party performance, and ideology. Incentives for politicians to switch parties act as negative feedback mechanisms which keep the party system stuck in a fluid state. We test the determinants of party switching using two data sources from Ecuador: a public records dataset of every legislator who earned re‐election from 1979 to 2021, and the Parliamentary Elites in Latin America (PELA) surveys of all legislators from 1994 to 2017. Both sources distinguish between switchers and non‐switchers. The results support the conclusion that ambitious legislators in fluid party systems are strategic actors that seek or keep parties to maximize their probability of re‐election—and thereby further exacerbate the party system's fluidity.
Data‐driven model for seismic assessment, design, and retrofit of structures using explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Shabbir Khurram , Noureldin Mohamed , Sim Sung‐Han 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRetrofitting building designs is crucial given the global aging infrastructure and increased in frequency of natural hazards like earthquakes. While traditional data‐driven models are widely used for predicting building conditions, there has been limited exploration of recent artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in structural design. This study introduces a novel explainable AI framework that utilizes data‐driven models for assessing, designing, and retrofitting of structures. The framework highlights the key global features of the model and further investigates them locally to adjust the input design parameters. It suggests the necessary changes in these inputs to achieve the desired structural performance. To achieve this, the framework employs interpretability techniques such as feature importance, feature interactions, Shapley Additive exPlanations, local interpretable model‐agnostic explanations, partial dependence plot (PDP), and individual conditional expectation to highlight the important features. Additionally, a novel counterfactual) technique is applied for the first time as a design tool in seismic assessment and retrofitting of structures. The effectiveness of this framework is validated on a real benchmark structure through nonlinear time history analysis and natural earthquakes. The results show that the proposed framework is highly effective, especially under design‐level earthquake conditions in achieving the necessary change in stiffness and strength of structures to meet the required seismic design objectives across different earthquake scenarios. This framework holds promise for wider adoption and applications in various other structural and civil engineering domains.
Break From Digital Screen Using Digital Detox Program in Nursing Students
Authors: Upendra Sheela , Kaur Jasneet 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the effectiveness of an 8‐week digital detox program on digital screen use among 300 nursing students and explored associations between screen use and demographic variables. A one‐group pretest posttest design was employed using the Social Media Addiction Scale Student Form. The digital detox program was implemented for 8 weeks. Digital hygiene, self‐reflection and goal setting, mental wellness, screen time management, physical health, interpersonal relationships, digital detox challenges, and hobby‐based activities. Chi‐square test was employed to determine the associations between digital screen use and demographic variables, respectively. t‐tests were conducted to compare the mean screen time across different demographic groups. Results showed that 42% of students had high social media use, while 20% had low use. The overall mean score of social media use decreased significantly from 64.13 to 47.79 postintervention (p < 0.05), indicating the program's effectiveness. The study suggests incorporating digital detox routines to balance technology use with health, productivity, and external connections.