bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High iron in mouse olfactory ensheathing cells at the glia limitans in the olfactory bulb underlies MRI T2* hypointensity
Authors: Liu Li , Tao-Cheng Jung-Hwa , Rallapalli Hari , Dodd Stephen , Bouraoud Nadia , Koretsky Alan P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Brain iron is important for normal function, and aberrantly high iron is often associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Oligodendrocytes are a major source of iron in brain as are iron-laden activated macrophages and microglia. T2*-weighted MRI detected a large decrease in signal at the olfactory nerve layer (ONL) in normal young mice over the period of 3 to 12 weeks of age, consistent with iron accumulation in this region. This signal change was most prominent in the inner nerve fiber layer (iNFL). Iron histochemistry, ferritin immunohistology, and electron microscopy showed that there was high iron and ferritin in the olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) in the iNFL of ONL. The iron concentration in the iNFL was calculated to be approximately 2–3 mM based on MRI T2* relaxivity. The glomerular region near the high-iron iNFL had evidence of neuroinflammation markers of activated microglia and lipofuscin. Lipofuscin was found within the activated microglia as early as 6 weeks. In rats, MRI T2* signal loss in the ONL and high iron levels and lipofuscin were only detected in older rats (11 months) but not in young rats. These results indicate that mouse OECs develop high levels of iron at an early age. It is not clear if this iron is important for mouse OEC function or a result of phagocytic activity of OECs. The relation between iron and inflammation may be interesting to study in these young, healthy mice.
Kefir recovered depressive-like behaviour in CantonS lineage of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress protocol
Authors: Oliveira T.G.C. , Malta S.M. , Marson E.O. , Trovó A.G. , Justino A.B. , Bittar V.P. , Espindola F.S. , Tomiosso T.C. , Ueira-Vieira C. , Zanon R.G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is a widely accepted method for inducing depressive-like states in animal models. We decided to explore the effects of CUMS on the CantonS lineage of Drosophila melanogaster, which differs from the OregonR lineage in various ways. Additionally, we wanted to investigate the potential benefits of kefir in treating these chronically stressed flies, as previous research has shown promising results in using kefir components for depression treatment. To begin, we exposed male CantonS flies to a 10-day CUMS protocol and compared them to non-stressed flies. Within the stressed group, we had two subgroups: one treated with kefir (CUMS + Kefir group) and the other treated with sertraline (positive control). We then analysed various factors including serotonin levels, brain structure, markers of oxidative damage in lipids and proteins, and behavioural manifestations such as sociability, locomotor function, and anhedonic-like behaviour. Our results showed that flies exposed to CUMS experienced a decrease in serotonin levels without any signs of degeneration. They also exhibited reduced sociability, increased motor agitation, and decreased sucrose consumption, which are all indicative of stress-induced depressive-like behaviour. However, treatment with sertraline partially reversed these effects. Interestingly, treatment with kefir not only restored serotonin levels but also improved sociability and anhedonic-like behaviours. Additionally, flies in the CUMS + Kefir group had a longer lifespan compared to their untreated counterparts. These findings suggest that kefir has multiple advantageous effects on flies subjected to the 10-day CUMS protocol. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the CantonS lineage of D. melanogaster displays depressive-like manifestations after exposure to CUMS. Furthermore, kefir emerges as a powerful nutritional tool capable of reversing these effects and promoting beneficial outcomes in chronically stressed flies.
Is the Knowability Paradox Really the Paradox It Is Taken to Be?
Authors: Guldmann Finn 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
I first present the rudiments of the knowability paradox and state it in the usual formal style. Second, I present my intuition that it is not a paradox at all: it does not involve the contradiction it allegedly implies. Third, I point out where the argument for the paradox goes wrong.
A Danish Professor of Philosophy
Authors: Koch Carl Henrik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
On the occasion of the seventy-fifth birthday of Professor Dr. Phil. Finn Collin—whom I warmly congratulate while wishing him many more fruitful years of retirement—I would like to cast a glance back at one of his predecessors, Frithiof Brandt (1892–1968). Brandt held the position of professor in philosophy and psychology at the University of Copenhagen from 1922 to 1958. Today, Brandt is largely forgotten, but during his lifetime, he was a significant figure in Danish philosophy and psychology, and especially in Danish cultural life.
On Conceptual Entropy: Metaphors We Die From
Authors: Hvidtfeldt Rolf , Pedersen David Budtz 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the implications of conceptual entropy in interdisciplinary collaboration, examining perspectives from philosophy and contemporary social science. Conceptual entropy, the degree of disorder in a conceptual system, is analyzed from the viewpoints of those advocating for reducing ambiguity to achieve scientific precision, as well as those advocating for embracing ambiguity to reflect real-world complexity. We aim to demonstrate the need for conceptual clarity and thereby criticize deliberate conceptual vagueness. Semantic vagueness may arise due to fuzzy ontological mechanisms guarding the relevant object domain. However, vagueness may also result from the unwarranted use of metaphors. We address the risk of precision loss in interdisciplinary teams by proposing a framework for studying conceptual entropy. On this basis, we argue that ‘conceptual entropy’ is useful for reflecting on how unclear, messy, and ambivalent concepts and conceptual systems may lead to an accelerating state of semantic disorder and vagueness.
Automatic Identification of Three-Body Scatter Spike Based on Jensen–Shannon Divergence and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Meng Lei , Sang Youwei , Tang Jia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The three-body scatter spike (TBSS), an echo artifact in radar imagery, manifests as a weak, linear echo extending radially from a core of high reflectivity. Adequately, though not indispensably, indicating the presence of large hail in convective storms, the automatic identification of the TBSS proves advantageous in significantly improving the effectiveness of hailstorm detection. This study introduces an algorithm that synergizes Jensen–Shannon divergence (JSD) and support vector machine (SVM) for rapid TBSS detection in two decades’ worth of single-polarization radar data across China. The algorithm, tested on data from 50 S-band China Next Generation Weather Radar (CINRAD) in central and eastern China, utilized reflectivity factor images for sample extraction. An application in Chenzhou, China, demonstrates the algorithm’s efficacy in improving hailstorm detection resolution.

Significance Statement
In recent years, China’s hail recordkeeping, primarily based on manual observations at national surface meteorological stations, has suffered from limited spatial and temporal detail. However, the advent of the China Next Generation Weather Radar (CINRAD) network offers a new avenue for hailstorm detection. TBSS, a secondary but significant indicator for large hail in S-band radar, presents an opportunity for enhanced hail warning capabilities. By automating TBSS detection in radar archives spanning two decades, this research significantly enhances the resolution of hailstorm climatology, contributing to more effective hail disaster mitigation and management.
Advancing the Seasonal Outlook of the Wet Seasons of Florida
Authors: Misra Vasubandhu , Jayasankar C. B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, we introduce an ensemble approach to provide a probabilistic seasonal outlook of the length and seasonal rainfall anomaly of the wet season over Florida using the observed variations of the onset date of the season at the granularity of ∼10-km grid resolution (which is the spatial resolution of the observed rainfall data used for this work). The time series of daily precipitation at the grid resolution of NASA’s Global Precipitation Mission is randomly perturbed 1000 times to account for the uncertainty of synoptic to mesoscale variations on the diagnosis of the onset and demise date of the wet season. The strong covariability of the onset date with the seasonal length and seasonal rainfall anomaly of the wet season is then leveraged to provide the seasonal outlooks by monitoring the onset date of the wet season. This simple seasonal outlook is effective in predicting extreme tercile and even extreme pentile anomalies across Florida. We suggest that the proposed approach to the seasonal outlook of the wet season of Florida provides a viable alternative in the absence of strong external forcing like ENSO or tropical Atlantic variability that potentially limits the predictability of numerical climate models used for seasonal prediction.

Significance Statement
Earlier studies have shown that the seasonal prediction from the numerical climate models even at zero lead time has very limited prediction skills over the summer in Florida, which also coincides with the wettest part of the year. Florida’s wet season exhibits significant interannual variations, which exert its influence on water management decisions for subsequent drier seasons of the year. Therefore, strategies to improve this skill are highly relevant. We propose in this study that by monitoring the onset of the wet season variations, we can usefully provide a probabilistic seasonal outlook of the season over Florida. This is done by leveraging the observed linear relationships between the onset date variations with the length and the seasonal rainfall anomaly of the season. Furthermore, the outlook is provided at the spatial resolution of the observed dataset, which in this case is at 10-km grid resolution.
Correlation between anogenital distance and severity of hypospadias in male children
Authors: Omebe S. E. , Ademuyiwa A. O. , Elebute O. A. , Obasi A. A. , Ulebe A. O. , Afogu E. N. , Ekenze S. O. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have shown an association between anogenital distance (AGD) and types of hypospadias. This study aims to determine whether AGD can be used to predict the severity of hypospadias in male children.

Methods
We used a cross-sectional study design to evaluate (43) children with hypospadias. The severity of hypospadias based on the meatal position before surgery was classified using the meatal score of the glans-urethral meatal-shaft (GMS) classification into four groups of M1–M4. Three AGD parameters viz: ano-scrotal distance (ASD), the ano-penal distance 1 (APD1) and the ano-penal distance 2 (APD2) were measured using a digital calliper. The glanulomeatal distance 1 (GMD1) before and the glanulomeatal distance 2 (GMD2) after chordee correction were calculated for any change in the position of the meatus. Data were collected over 18 months and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) version 25 software. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results
The mean ano-scrotal distance (ASD), ano-penile distance 1 (APD1) and ano-penile distance 2 (APD2) were 35.0 ± 7.11 mm, 66.0 ± 13.0 mm and 82.05 ± 14.0 mm, respectively. The parameters of AGD and AGD index progressively decreased with increasing meatal score but these decreases were not statistically significant across the four categories of meatal score. Statistically significant, moderately negative correlations were observed between GMD2 and mean ASD (R = − 0.394, P ≤ 0.009), APD1 (R = − 0.308, P ≤ 0.045) and APD2 (R = − 0.391, P ≤ 0.010). There were also statistically significant predictive relationships between GMD2 (intra-operative meatal position) with ASD (R2 = 0.155, P ≤ 0.009), APD1 (R2 = 0.095, P ≤ 0.045) and APD2 (R2 = 0.153, P ≤ 0.010).

Conclusion
The study demonstrated a significant relationship between the AGD and meatal position. Therefore, AGD may be used to predict the intra-operative meatal position and hence, the severity of hypospadias before surgery.
Digital nomadism from the perspective of places and mobilities: a literature review
Authors: Bozzi Alberica 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDigital nomadism (DN), an emerging lifestyle based on remote working, digital technology, and leisure travels, has grown from a marginal phenomenon concerning isolated individuals in the early 2000s to a flourishing movement in less than two decades. In the post COVID-19 context of mainstream remote work, the number of digital nomads has risen sharply. Digital nomads are professionals who live, travel, and work online from multiple destinations with a reliable internet connection. In response to this rapid growth, both public and private actors have launched new initiatives targeting digital nomads (e.g. dedicated visa schemes and coliving spaces). Despite the proliferation of these initiatives, there is a lot to discover on digital nomads, including their demographics, travel patterns, and impacts. Based on a systematic literature review covering the last decade, this article explores DN from the perspective of places and mobilities. Findings show that places and mobilities largely shape definitions of DN, how nomads perceive their identity, and how they select travel destinations. Moreover, DN has many impacts on mobilities and places by creating demand for specific infrastructures and contributing to gentrification. In the post-pandemic context, research on DN is needed to address the challenges raised by new mobile lifestyles and remote work practices.
Georeferenced X (formerly twitter) data as a proxy of mobility behaviour: case study of Norway
Authors: Díez-Gutiérrez María , Babri Sahar , Dahl Erlend , Malmin Olav Kåre 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGeoreferenced messages on social media represent a powerful data source to gain a different perspective for estimating mobility behaviour, which is still mainly based on travel surveys. These data are openly available, yet few studies have explored their potential. This paper assesses the feasibility of large-scale Twitter data as a proxy of human mobility behaviour to complement traditional travel surveys, and for calibration and validation of transport models. Almost 12 million Tweets from more than 90,000 users were further analysed to detect the trip patterns at municipality level in Norway from 2012 to 2022. Results showed that the mobility patterns changed between 2014 and 2019 for the travel survey, as for 2019 most of the reported trips were short and concentrated in the densely populated areas of the country, where most respondents lived, triggering a lack of information for certain areas. In contrast, Twitter data presented a more stable data source along both years with similar population distribution and average trip length. Although Twitter data have limitations in relation to the socio-demographic information of the users, it could complement the travel survey given the broader spatial and temporal distribution of this large-scale data.
Organizational change: challenges for workplace psychosocial risks and employee mental health
Authors: Backhaus Insa , Lohmann-Haislah Andrea , Burr Hermann , Nielsen Karina , di Tecco Cristina , Dragano Nico 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Constant organizational change is the norm in many companies today. At present, evidence on the impact of organizational change on psychosocial risks at work and employee mental health is limited. We investigate organizational change and its association with psychosocial risks and mental health in three consecutive surveys covering 12 years.

Methods
The study was based on data from three cross-sectional waves (2006, 2012, 2018) of the German BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey, comprising 53,295 employees. Four change indicators (i.e., introduction of new software, changes in goods and services produced/provided, downsizing and restructuring), five indicators of psychosocial risks (i.e., time pressure, interruptions, multitasking, working to the limits of capability, and working very quickly) and four mental health indicators (i.e., sleep disturbances, nervousness, tiredness and depressive symptoms) were investigated. We applied Poisson regression analysis to examine associations between organizational change, psychosocial risks, and mental health.

Results
According to the pooled analysis of all three waves, the majority of employees reported having experienced at least one organizational change, such as downsizing or restructuring, between 2006 and 2018. Organizational change was negatively associated with psychosocial risks (e.g., working to the limits of one’s capability, PR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.48–1.86) and with employee mental health (PR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.61–2.04).

Conclusions
Organizational change is omnipresent in the modern economy. Our research suggests that transformation processes in organizations can bear risks to employees’ health as psychosocial risks increase. Therefore, companies planning organizational change should accompany such processes with occupational health and safety measures.
No effects of four weeks of combined brace and Schroth therapy in moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis on plantar pressure distribution
Authors: Ohlendorf Daniela , Schlegel Christian , Oremek Gerhard M. , Holzgreve Fabian , Wanke Eileen M. , Mauer-Grubinger Christian , Diaremes Panagiotis , Hülstrunk Christian , Zabar Omar , Groneberg David A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Positive effects of brace treatments in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients on gait were proven.

Aim
Therefore, this study examined whether the influence of brace therapy in combination with Schroth therapy influencing the plantar pressure distribution, pre and post intensive rehabilitative inpatient treatment.

Design
Prospective cohort study, longitudinal.

Setting
Scoliosis rehabilitation clinic “Asklepios Katharina-Schroth-Klinik” (Bad Sobernheim, Germany).

Population
Twenty (14f/6m) patients (12–16 years) had a medically diagnosed moderate idiopathic scoliosis (Cobb angle 20–50°, Median 30°) and an indication for combined brace and Schroth therapy with an inpatient stay (4 weeks) at the Asklepios Katharina Schroth Clinic (Germany).

Methods
At the beginning (T1) and at the end of the stay (T2), the plantar pressure distribution with (A) and without wearing a brace (B) was recorded (walking distance 10 m).

Results
No significant differences between the left and right foot were found at baseline (T1). The T1 - T2 comparison of one foot revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05 − 0.001, respectively) for (A): mean pressure right midfoot, loaded area total left foot, left midfoot, left inner ball of foot, right midfoot, impulse total right foot, right midfoot and for (B): mean pressure right midfoot, right outer ball of foot, loaded area total right foot, right heel, right midfoot, impulse right heel, right midfoot, right outer ball of foot.

Conclusions
A combined brace and Schroth therapy maintains the initial symmetrical plantar pressure distribution over the duration of four weeks since the significant differences fall within the range of measurement error.

Clinical rehabilitation impact
The insole measuring system can be used to objectively support therapeutic gait training as part of rehabilitation and to assess insole fitting based on foot shape. Due to its convenient handling and rapid data acquisition, it may be a suitable method for interim or follow-up diagnostics in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis.
New learning technique based on real-time kinematic feedback from an inertial sensor for manual therapy in shoulder joint: a randomised trial
Authors: Trinidad-Fernández Manuel , González-Molina Francisco , Roldán-Jiménez Cristina , Vaes Peter , González-Sánchez Manuel , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio Ignacio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Reducing teacher subjectivity and checking skill corrections have an impact on the manual therapy learning, one of the most crucial components of physical therapy clinical practise. The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of a kinematic real-time feedback strategy (KRTF) with an inertial sensor as a new methodology for the learning of glenohumeral joint mobilisation, comparing it with the traditional teaching method.

Methods
This study was a randomised trial. 59 undergraduate students without experience in manual therapy were randomised into two different groups (G1: Traditional methods group; G2: KRTF group). G1: students would practice the technique while an expert in manual therapy would supervise them. G2: could perform the mobilisation and observe the kinematic characteristics of the technique on a laptop. For the two movements that compose the mobilisation (angulation and translation), the result variables extracted were: maximum displacement, minimum displacement, area under the curve and the difference between the area under the curve of angulation and translation. In addition, the consistency of the measurement and reliability were calculated, too.

Results
Some significant differences were observed within groups, between groups and in the group x time interaction, the difference between the angulation and translation area. The synchronization of the movements in in the post comparison was better in G2 because the differences in the areas of both movements were significantly smaller (Mean Difference G1 vs. G2 = 1111.4°s (p > 0.05)).

Conclusions
After comparing the kinematic variables recorded between the two intervention groups analysed in the present study, we observed that the kinematic registers were significantly different between the two groups, with a higher evolution in the KRTF group compared to the traditional learning method. The effectiveness of KRTF was proved over the traditional teaching methods in facilitating the learning process of the glenohumeral joint mobilisation.

ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02504710, 22/07/2015.