bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Energy‐Density Aqueous Magnesium‐Ion Battery Based on a Carbon‐Coated FeVO4 Anode and a Mg‐OMS‐1 Cathode
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Ye Ke , Zhu Kai , Cang Ruibai , Yan Jun , Cheng Kui , Wang Guiling , Cao Dianxue 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPorous FeVO4 is prepared by hydrothermal method and further modified by coating with carbon to obtain FeVO4/C with a hierarchical pore structure. FeVO4/C is used as an anodic electrode in aqueous rechargeable magnesium‐ion batteries. The FeVO4/C material not only has improved electrical conductivity as a result of the carbon coating layer, but also has an increased specific surface area as a result of the hierarchical pore structure, which is beneficial for magnesium‐ion insertion/deinsertion. Therefore, an aqueous rechargeable magnesium‐ion full battery is successfully constructed with FeVO4/C as the anode, Mg‐OMS‐1 (OMS=octahedral molecular sieves) as the cathode, and 1.0 mol L−1 MgSO4 as the electrolyte. The discharge capacity of the Mg‐OMS‐1//FeVO4/C aqueous battery is 58.9 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1; this value is obtained by calculating the total mass of two electrodes and the capacity retention rate of this device is 97.7 % after 100 cycles, with almost 100 % coulombic efficiency, which indicates that the system has a good electrochemical reversibility. Additionally, this system can achieve a high energy density of 70.4 Wh kg−1, which provides powerful evidence that an aqueous magnesium‐ion battery is possible.
Hybrid Surfactants with N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Heads as a Multifunctional Platform for Interfacial Catalysis
Authors: Donner Adrian , Hagedorn Kay , Mattes Lorenz , Drechsler Markus , Polarz Sebastian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractProcessing of substrates with different solvent compatibility is a persistent problem in homogeneous catalysis, in particular when one starting compound is water soluble and the other is not. A promising concept reported in the literature is micellar catalysis. However, the process of developing catalysts that are surfactants at the same time is still in its early stages. We report the synthesis of a new surfactant system with an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) moiety as a head group. Characteristic surfactant properties such as the formation of micelles or liquid crystals is documented. The new surfactant ligand forms coordination compounds with various metals, most importantly Pd2+, in square planar geometry. In addition, the Pd‐NHC compound shows surfactant features, and can be used successfully for C−C cross‐coupling reactions (Suzuki, Heck). The boost in catalytic activity by one order of magnitude compared to analogous but non‐amphiphilic species is reported.
The FOXA2 transcription factor is frequently somatically mutated in uterine carcinosarcomas and carcinomas
Authors: Le Gallo Matthieu , Rudd Meghan L. , Urick Mary Ellen , Hansen Nancy F. ,   National Institutes of Health Intramural Sequencing Center Comparative Sequencing Program, Merino Maria J. , Mutch David G. , Goodfellow Paul J. , Mullikin James C. , Bell Daphne W. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDUterine carcinosarcomas (UCSs) are a rare but clinically aggressive form of cancer. They are biphasic tumors consisting of both epithelial and sarcomatous components. The majority of uterine carcinosarcomas are clonal, with the carcinomatous cells undergoing metaplasia to give rise to the sarcomatous component. The objective of the current study was to identify novel somatically mutated genes in UCSs.METHODSWe whole exome sequenced paired tumor and nontumor DNAs from 14 UCSs and orthogonally validated 464 somatic variants using Sanger sequencing. Fifteen genes that were somatically mutated in at least 2 tumor exomes were Sanger sequenced in another 39 primary UCSs.RESULTSOverall, among 53 UCSs in the current study, the most frequently mutated of these 15 genes were tumor protein p53 (TP53) (75.5%), phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) (34.0%), protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit A, alpha (PPP2R1A) (18.9%), F‐box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7) (18.9%), chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4 (CHD4) (17.0%), and forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) (15.1%). FOXA2 has not previously been implicated in UCSs and was predominated by frameshift and nonsense mutations. One UCS with a FOXA2 frameshift mutation expressed truncated FOXA2 protein by immunoblotting. Sequencing of FOXA2 in 160 primary endometrial carcinomas revealed somatic mutations in 5.7% of serous, 22.7% of clear cell, 9% of endometrioid, and 11.1% of mixed endometrial carcinomas, the majority of which were frameshift mutations.CONCLUSIONSCollectively, the findings of the current study provide compelling genetic evidence that FOXA2 is a pathogenic driver gene in the etiology of primary uterine cancers, including UCSs. Cancer 2018;124:65‐73. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Handling translucent specimens in an opaque Kubelka–Munk Environment
Authors: Tomsia Thomas P. , Fairman Hugh S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractComputer‐color matching usually employs a subset of Kubelka–Munk equations which require that each specimen analyzed be at complete hiding. This set of equations is preferred because they are simpler than their counterpart equations that operate at incomplete hiding. On the other hand, in coatings and plastics very often colorant specimens must be utilized that, either because of their nature or concentration, fail to qualify as being at complete hiding. This communication examines techniques for handling such cases and makes recommendations for obtaining the theoretical opaque reflectance of the specimens from measurements over both black and white. In addition, the article recommends a new relationship that more aptly characterizes the contrast ratios required than previous methods have done.
Comparative Study of Molecular Basket Sorbents Consisting of Polyallylamine and Polyethylenimine Functionalized SBA‐15 for CO2 Capture from Flue Gas
Authors: Wang Dongxiang , Wang Xiaoxing , Song Chunshan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPolyallylamine (PAA)‐based molecular basket sorbents (MBS) have been studied for CO2 capture in comparison with polyethylenimine (PEI)‐based MBS. The characterizations including N2 physisorption, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that PAA (Mn=15 000) is more rigid and has more steric hindrance inside SBA‐15 pores than PEI owing mainly to its different polymer structure. The effects of temperature and PAA loading on the CO2 sorption capacity of PAA‐based MBS have been examined by TGA by using 100 % CO2 gas stream and compared with PEI/SBA‐15. It was found that the capacity of the PAA/SBA‐15 sorbent increased with increasing temperature. The optimum capacity of 88 mgCO2 gsorb−1 was obtained at 140 °C for PAA(50)/SBA‐15 whereas the optimum sorption temperature was 75 and 90 °C for PEI‐I(50)/SBA‐15 (PEI‐I, Mn=423) and PEI‐II(50)/SBA‐15 (PEI‐II, Mn=25 000), respectively. The capacity initially increased with the increase of PAA loading and then dropped at high amine contents, owing to the increased diffusion barrier. The highest CO2 capacity of 109 mgCO2 gsorb−1 was obtained at a PAA loading of 65 wt %, whereas the PAA(50)/SBA‐15 sorbent gave the best amine efficiency of 0.23 molCO2 molN−1. The effect of moisture was examined in a fixed‐bed flow system with simulated flue gas containing 15 % CO2 and 4.5 % O2 in N2. It was found that the presence of moisture significantly enhanced CO2 sorption over PAA(50)/SBA‐15 and greatly improved its cyclic stability and regenerability. Compared with PEI/SBA‐15, PAA/SBA‐15 possesses a better thermal stability and higher resistance to oxidative degradation. However, the CO2 sorption rate over the PAA(50)/SBA‐15 sorbent was much slower.
BiVO4 Fern Architectures: A Competitive Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dubal Deepak P. , Patil Deepak R. , Patil Santosh S. , Munirathnam N. R. , Gomez‐Romero Pedro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe development of high‐performance anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is currently subject to much interest. In this study, BiVO4 fern architectures are introduced as a new anode material for LIBs. The BiVO4 fern shows an excellent reversible capacity of 769 mAh g−1 (ultrahigh volumetric capacity of 3984 mAh cm−3) at 0.12 A g−1 with large capacity retention. A LIB full cell is then assembled with a BiVO4 fern anode and LiFePO4 (LFP, commercial) as cathode material. The device can achieve a capacity of 140 mAh g−1 at 1C rate, that is, 81 % of the capacity of the cathode and maintained to 104 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 8C, which makes BiVO4 a promising candidate as a high‐energy anode material for LIBs.
Evolutionarily significant units of the critically endangered leaf frog Pithecopus ayeaye (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) are not effectively preserved by the Brazilian protected areas network
Authors: de Magalhães Rafael Félix , Lemes Priscila , Camargo Arley , Oliveira Ubirajara , Brandão Reuber Albuquerque , Thomassen Hans , Garcia Paulo Christiano de Anchietta , Leite Felipe Sá Fortes , Santos Fabrício Rodrigues 
Published: September 2017

AbstractProtected areas (PAs) are essential for biodiversity conservation, but their coverage is considered inefficient for the preservation of all species. Many species are subdivided into evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) and the effectiveness of PAs in protecting them needs to be investigated. We evaluated the usefulness of the Brazilian PAs network in protecting ESUs of the critically endangered Pithecopus ayeaye through ongoing climate change. This species occurs in a threatened mountaintop ecosystem known as campos rupestres. We used multilocus DNA sequences to delimit geographic clusters, which were further validated as ESUs with a coalescent approach. Ecological niche modeling was used to estimate spatial changes in ESUs’ potential distributions, and a gap analysis was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the Brazilian PAs network to protect P. ayeaye in the face of climate changes. We tested the niche overlap between ESUs to gain insights for potential management alternatives for the species. Pithecopus ayeaye contains at least three ESUs isolated in distinct mountain regions, and one of them is not protected by any PA. There are no climatic niche differences between the units, and only 4% of the suitable potential area of the species is protected in present and future projections. The current PAs are not effective in preserving the intraspecific diversity of P. ayeaye in its present and future range distributions. The genetic structure of P. ayeaye could represent a typical pattern in campos rupestres endemics, which should be considered for evaluating its conservation status.
The effect of human‐modified landscape structure on forest grouse broods in two landscape types
Authors: Huhta Esa , Helle Pekka , Nivala Vesa , Nikula Ari 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe population sizes and the breeding success of Finnish tetraonids have been decreasing for decades. In this study, the presence of a grouse hen with a brood in a landscape was used to indicate habitat‐related breeding success. We combined the locations of 938 black grouse (Tetrao tetrix), 388 capercaillie (T. urogallus), and 917 hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia) broods after the breeding season in mid‐August with landscape data by employing Geographic Information System and grouse data derived from the Finnish wildlife triangle censuses conducted during 1997–2004. Two large study areas with different landscape structures, northern forest‐mire area and southern cultivated area, were selected for the investigation. The presence of grouse broods was positively related to the amount of old coniferous mixed forest. Grouse broods may prefer this forest habitat because of a rich understorey cover and a rich bilberry field layer offering a diversity of insects as food. Broods had a strong positive response to the amount of forest habitat. The effect of forest fragmentation on the broods’ distribution did not increase even with decreasing forest habitat. We suggest that there are several ecological causes for the observed spatial correlations. Predation on nests and broods by generalist predators is presumably high in human‐modified open and semi‐open landscapes. Against our expectations, the effect of landscape composition on grouse broods was more marked in the northern than in the southern study area, most likely because predator populations are more food‐regulated in the north. This finding supports the alternative prey hypothesis. Further, large drained and reforested peatland mire areas had a negative impact on grouse broods in the north. In the drainage areas, decreased availability of vegetation cover and insect food, increased predation risk, and drowning of chicks in ditches may increase brood mortality.
The native‐exotic species richness relationship varies with spatial grain of measurement and environmental conditions
Authors: Tarasi Dennis D. , Peet Robert K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBiological invasions can have dramatic impacts on communities and biodiversity, and are critical considerations in conservation and management decisions. We present a novel analysis to determine how exotic species success varies with community richness and scale of measurement. Using 5,022 plots representing natural vegetation of the Carolinas, we calculated native and exotic species richness of all vascular plants at five grain sizes. To avoid spatial pseudoreplication, we randomly selected unique subplots from each larger plot, re‐selecting 100 times to develop an empirical distribution of the native‐exotic richness relationship (NERR). Because observed NERRs vary with spatial scale, we developed separate scale‐specific null‐model distributions to compare to the empirical data. For each spatial scale, we compared the empirical distribution of 100 slopes to the null distribution containing 99 permutations of species origin per empirical slope. We also analyzed the dataset according to broad assignments corresponding to environmental conditions, using the formation type assigned to each community. The plots followed across most scales the general trend that exotic richness increases with native richness. At the smallest scale, however, the NERR was negative. The slope of the NERR is significantly higher than the null model at the largest observed scale and significantly lower than the null model at the smallest two observed scales. The NERR for most formations follows the general pattern with scale for the entire dataset. Warm temperate forests expressed essentially 0 slope at the largest spatial grain, decreasing to a negative relationship at 1 m2 and smaller. Temperate freshwater marshes and wet meadows and shrublands expressed a positive relationship at all spatial grains, demonstrating that unique environmental and biogeographic conditions differentially affect exotic species. Further, these results indicate that exotic species are unevenly distributed across natural communities and that community assembly processes vary with scale.
Protonation of Coordinated Dinitrogen Using Protons Generated from Molecular Hydrogen
Authors: Tamizmani Masilamani , Sivasankar Chinnappan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Chinnappan Sivasankar from Pondicherry University, India. The cover image shows a novel strategy to make an N–H bond from dinitrogen and molecular hydrogen at room temperature and 1àatm pressure.
High‐Temperature‐Endurable, Flexible Supercapacitors: Performance and Degradation Mechanism
Authors: Qin Bin , Wang Xueting , Sui Dong , Zhang Tengfei , Zhang Miao , Sun Zhenhe , Ge Zhen , Xie Yuqing , Zhou Ying , Ren Yuxin , Han Yu , Ma Yanfeng , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCurrent state‐of‐the‐art supercapacitors all have a limited operational temperature, and thus, extension of the temperature range is in high demand. In this work, high‐temperature‐endurable, flexible supercapacitors were fabricated by a very simple method and by using commercially available, low‐cost materials. The device could be operated efficiently at 120 °C, and even after 10 000 cycles at an operation voltage of 2.5 V, approximately 75 % of its capacitance was retained. Furthermore, its performance remained essentially unchanged even under high bending conditions. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that there were three factors causing capacitance fading and an increase in the internal resistance. The first one was fusion of the separator during high‐temperature electrochemical charging/discharging, which led to an increase in the internal resistance. The second factor was decomposition of the separator, which resulted in the accumulation of deposits on the surfaces of the positive and negative electrodes. The third factor was that possible physical separation of the active materials on the positive electrode from the current collector led to a drastic increase in internal resistance.
Optimization of peroxone reaction rate using metaheuristic approach in the dearomatization and discoloration process
Authors: Alizadeh Kordkandi Salman , Mohaghegh Motlagh Amir 
Published: September 2017

The main objective of this research focused on the optimization of apparent reaction rate constants (kapp) for degradation of a diazo compound, reactive yellow 42 (RY42) using peroxone reaction. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was adopted to evaluate the effects of initial RY42 concentration, influent ozone mass flow rate, initial ozone (O3)/peroxide hydrogen ratio (H2O2), and pH on the discoloration rate constant. A proposed model by ANN was chosen after analysis of the topology based on R‐square (R2) and mean squared error (MSE) criteria followed by coupling the obtained best net with a novel evolutionary algorithm named Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA). Although the relative importance of pH and O3/H2O2 on kapp was at the same level (about 18%), initial dye concentration (34%), and influent ozone mass flow rate (30%) were the most important factors. A systematic ANN‐COA approach indicated that the optimum values of pH and O3/H2O2 for 150 mg L−1 of RY42 were 7.5 and 1.44 L h−1, respectively, resulted in relatively different kapp for decolorization (0.18 min−1) and dearomatization (0.056 min−1). To confirm the validity of kinetic analysis, the predicted values were correlated with experimental values, which indicated the high degree of accuracy (R2= 0.98) for optimization of the peroxone process. This research with the experimental and modeling studies can be used as a guide for the design of full‐scale treatment processes for various types of industrial wastewater containing aromatic compounds with diazo groups. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 695–702, 2018
Novel contaminants identified in fish kills in the Red River watershed, 2011–2013
Authors: Jones-Lepp Tammy L. , Taguchi Vince , Sovocool Wayne , Betowski Don , DeArmond Patrick , Schumacher Brian , Winnik Witold , McMillin Rick , Armstrong Chris 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Provisional molecular weights and chemical formulas were assigned to 4 significant previously unidentified contaminants present during active fish kills in the Red River region of Oklahoma. The provisional identifications of these contaminants were determined using high-resolution liquid chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS), LC-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LC-FTICRMS), and LC-ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-ITMS). Environmental water samples were extracted using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method, and sediment samples were extracted using a modified sonication liquid extraction method. During screening of the samples, 2 major unknown chromatographic peaks were detected at m/z 624.3 and m/z 639.3. The peak at m/z 639.3 was firmly identified, through the use of an authentic standard, as a porphyrin, specifically chlorin-e6-trimethyl ester, with m/z 639.31735 (M + H)+ and molecular formula C37H43N4O6. The other major peak, at m/z 624.3 (M + H)+, was identified as an amide-containing porphyrin. It was discovered that the amide compound was an artifact created during the SPE process by reaction of ammonium hydroxide at 1 of 3 potential reaction sites on chlorin-e6-trimethyl ester. Other unique nontargeted chemicals were also detected and the importance of their identification is discussed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:336–344. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Abstract
Effects of household washing on bacterial load and removal of Escherichia coli from lettuce and “ready‐to‐eat” salads
Authors: Uhlig Elisabeth , Olsson Crister , He Jiayi , Stark Therese , Sadowska Zuzanna , Molin Göran , Ahrné Siv , Alsanius Beatrix , Håkansson Åsa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCustomer demands for fresh salads are increasing, but leafy green vegetables have also been linked to food‐borne illness due to pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7. As a safety measure, consumers often wash leafy vegetables in water before consumption. In this study, we analyzed the efficiency of household washing to reduce the bacterial content. Romaine lettuce and ready‐to‐eat mixed salad were washed several times in flowing water at different rates and by immersing the leaves in water. Lettuce was also inoculated with E. coli before washing. Only washing in a high flow rate (8 L/min) resulted in statistically significant reductions (p < .05), “Total aerobic count” was reduced by 80%, and Enterobacteriaceae count was reduced by 68% after the first rinse. The number of contaminating E. coli was not significantly reduced. The dominating part of the culturable microbiota of the washed lettuce was identified by rRNA 16S sequencing of randomly picked colonies. The majority belonged to Pseudomonadaceae, but isolates from Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceaceae were also frequently found. This study shows the inefficiency of tap water washing methods available for the consumer when it comes to removal of bacteria from lettuce. Even after washing, the lettuce contained high levels of bacteria that in a high dose and under certain circumstances may constitute a health risk.
Fluid Dynamic Modeling for Microbial Fuel Cell Based Biosensor Optimization
Authors: Massaglia G. , Gerosa M. , Agostino V. , Cingolani A. , Sacco A. , Saracco G. , Margaria V. , Quaglio M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe present work investigates the fluid dynamic distribution in two different geometries of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), a squared shape MFC and a drop‐like one, and explores their use as possible biosensors. For both architectures, air‐cathode single chamber microbial fuel cells (SCMFCs) with an inner volume of 12.5 mL have been developed. Simulations based on Navier‐Stokes equations were used to investigate the motion of fluid, i.e., the electrolyte, inside the MFCs. The aim was to define the effective exposed area for each introduced architecture, and to correlate this parameter to the variation of the device performances in terms of current densities, together with their response to the variation of sodium acetate concentration. For this purpose, the fluid dynamic simulations have been implemented using two different flow rate values, namely, 12.5 mL h−1 and 100 mL h−1. The experimental amperometric response of drop‐like SCMFCs and squared shape SCMFCs, fabricated by 3D printing, have been correlated with the variation of sodium acetate concentration and the relative sensitivity analyzed. The optimized drop‐like SCMFC showed the better behavior, with an effective concentration of sodium acetate close to the nominal one and an improved sensitivity for high flow rates.