bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Required Motor Abilities in Commonly Practiced Exercise Modes and Potential Training Effects Among Adults
Authors: Rinne Marjo B. , Miilunpalo Seppo I. , Heinonen Ari O. 
Published: August 2016

Background:There is a lack of knowledge of the motor abilities required in different exercise modes which are needed when counseling sedentary middle-aged people to start a physically active lifestyle.Methods:Nominal group technique was used to establish the consensus statement concerning motor abilities and physical fitness in 31 exercise modes.Results:Walking, running, jogging, and calisthenics were regarded as the most suitable exercise modes for most people with no specific requirements. The most demanding exercise modes of evaluated exercise modes were roller skating, downhill skiing, and martial arts, requiring all five motor abilities. Four abilities were necessary in skating, jazz dance, and ice hockey. When exercising is target-oriented, endurance is trained evidently in 27 out of 31 and muscle strength in 22 out of 31 exercise modes.Conclusions:The consensus statement gives theoretical basis for the components of motor abilities and physical fitness components in different exercise modes. The statement is instructive in order to promote health-enhancing physical activity among sedentary people. This study completes the selection of the exercise modes more detailed than current PA recommendation and guidelines for public health. A variety of exercise modes with one or none motor requirements is available to start. When amount and intensity of exercise is increased the training effects can be found in most components of motor ability and physical fitness.
Health Related Quality of Life by Level of Physical Activity in Arthritic Older Adults With and Without Activity Limitations
Authors: Freelove-Charton Julie , Bowles Heather R , Hooker Steven 
Published: August 2016

Background:This study examined the association between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and physical activity (PA) among adults with arthritis.Methods:National 2003 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey data for 51,444 adults, age ≥50 y, with physician-diagnosed arthritis were used to analyze the relationships between PA, self-reported health, HRQOL, and activity limitations related to arthritis.Results:The percentage of older adults with or without an activity limitation who reported fair/poor health or poor HRQOL was significantly higher in inactive persons compared to those who met PA recommendations (p < .0001). Older adults with and without limitations attaining either recommended or insufficient levels of PA were 39% to 70% less likely to report ≥14 unhealthy mental or physical days compared to inactive older adults (p < .0001).Conclusion:Participation in PA at the recommended level was strongly associated with improved perceived health and higher levels of HRQOL; however, participation in some PA was clearly better than being inactive. These data were consistent for persons with arthritis despite the presence of an activity limitation.
Weight Loss in a Community Initiative That Promotes Decreased Energy Intake and Increased Physical Activity and Dairy Consumption: Calcium Weighs-In
Authors: Wyatt Holly R. , Jortberg Bonnie T. , Babbel Christine , Garner Sara , Dong Fang , Grunwald Gary K. , Hill James O. 
Published: August 2016

Background:This project addresses the need to identify feasible, effective weight-management programs that can be implemented within communities. The controversial role of dairy products in weight-management programs is also explored.Methods:The “Calcium Weighs-In” weight-loss program placed equal emphasis on diet and physical activity and was delivered within a community intervention to promote dairy consumption in Calcium, New York. One hundred ninety-nine adults in Calcium, NY, participated in the weight-loss program. Weight loss, increase in dairy intake, increase in steps, decrease in blood pressure, decrease in waist circumference, and decrease in body mass index (BMI) were examined.Results:The mean weight loss for 116 subjects who completed the program was 6.0 ± 4.2 kg (mean ± SD, P < .0001) with a percent weight change of 6.4% ± 4.2% (P < .0001). An increase of 3582 ± 4070 steps (P < .0001), as well as an increase of 0.8 ± 1.2 dairy servings (P < .0001) was seen. Higher average dairy consumption was associated with greater weight loss and a greater decrease in waist circumference.Conclusion:The results show that effective weight-management programs can be implemented within communities. The results are also consistent with recommendations to include low-fat dairy products and a physical activity component in weight-management programs.
Interrelations of Socioeconomic Position and Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Wolin Kathleen Y. , Bennett Gary G. 
Published: August 2016

Background:The interrelations between various physical activity domains have received little empirical attention in the United States. Of particular interest, given the potential applicability to traditionally underserved communities, is the nature of the association between occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA).Methods:5448 adult men and women who participated in NHANES 1999–2000 were included in analyses. Linear regression was used to examine the bivariate and multivariable associations of OPA and education with LTPA. Generalized logit models were used to examine the association of education with OPA.Results:We found no association between education and LTPA. OPA was significantly positively associated with LTPA (P < .001). The association between OPA and LTPA was not strongest among those with low education and held only for men in gender-stratified analysis. Education was inversely associated with OPA (P < .001) in multivariable analysis.Conclusions:Our findings lend preliminary support to the hypothesis that OPA is an important determinant of LTPA, particularly in men. This provides additional support to calls for assessment of OPA, particularly among individuals of low social class.
Association of Age and Education With Different Types of Leisure-Time Physical Activity Among 4437 Finnish Adults
Authors: Borodulin Katja , Laatikainen Tiina , Lahti-Koski Marjaana , Jousilahti Pekka , Lakka Timo A. 
Published: August 2016

Background:The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of age and education with types of leisure-time physical activity in a population sample of Finnish adults.Methods:The sample, part of the National FINRISK Study, comprised 1940 men and 2497 women age 25 to 64 years. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect data on education and leisure-time physical activity. Overall leisure-time physical activity was further divided into conditioning and daily physical activity.Results:In men and women, age had an inverse association with conditioning physical activity but not with daily and overall leisure activity. Strong direct associations were found between education and conditioning and overall leisure activity.Conclusions:All age groups report fairly similar levels of overall and daily levels of leisure-time physical activity, but the levels differ across educational groups. In health promotion, more emphasis should be targeted to the population groups with lower education.
Inflated Perceptions of Physical Activity After Stroke: Pairing Self-Report With Physiologic Measures
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Michael Kathleen , Shaughnessy Marianne , Nahm Eun Shim , Kopunek Susan , Sorkin John , Orwig Denise , Goldberg Andrew , Macko Richard F. 
Published: August 2016

Background:Self-report measures of physical activity have well-known drawbacks, and physiologic measures alone do not account for behavioral variables important in the perception and performance of physical activity. Therefore, we considered multiple measures to quantify physical activity in community-dwelling men and women with chronic stroke.Methods:This analysis included data from a volunteer sample of 87 individuals at least 6 months poststroke. Physical activity was measured using self-report questionnaires, step activity monitors, self-efficacy expectations related to exercise, and VO2peak from treadmill testing, and a model of physical activity was tested.Results:Most of the variance in objective physical activity was explained by VO2peak, and most of the variance in subjective physical activity was explained by self-efficacy expectations. There were significant discrepancies between subjective and objective findings.Conclusion:This study helps to understand the perspective of stroke survivors with regard to physical activity.
Prevalence of Total Daily Walking Among US Adults, 2002–2003
Authors: Reis Jared P. , Macera Caroline A. , Ainsworth Barbara E. , Hipp Deborah A. 
Published: August 2016

Background:Walking for exercise is a popular leisure-time activity pursuit among US adults; however, little information is available about total daily walking.Methods:A nationally representative random sample of 10,461 US adults (4438 men and 6023 women) was surveyed via telephone between 2002 and 2003. Weekly frequency and daily duration of walking for all purposes in bouts of at least 10 min were measured. Regular walking was defined as walking ≥5 d/wk, ≥30 min/d.Results:Overall, 49% of adults (51% of men and 47% of women) were regular walkers, and approximately 17% reported no walking. Regular walking was significantly higher in employed adults and decreased with increasing age in women and body mass index in both sexes. Total walking was significantly higher among adults with lower levels of educational attainment and did not vary significantly by race/ethnicity.Conclusions:These results affirm the popularity of walking in the United States.
Leisure-Time Physical Activity Among US Adults 60 or More Years of Age: Results From NHANES 1999–2004
Authors: Hughes Jeffery P. , McDowell Margaret A. , Brody Debra J. 
Published: August 2016

Background:We examined leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in US adults 60 or more years of age. After determining the prevalence of 3 levels of LTPA (no LTPA, <150 minutes LTPA/wk, and ≥150 minutes of LTPA/wk), we examined the association of demographic variables and current health status with LTPA.Methods:Self-reported LTPA was examined by gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, family poverty income ratio, marital status, and self-reported health. Multiple logistic regression methods were used in the adjusted model.Results:Walking was the most frequently reported LTPA. Overall, 27% of adults achieved LTPA levels of 150 minutes or more per week. Male gender, younger age, non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, higher education attainment, higher income status, being married, and excellent self-reported health were associated with higher LTPA. The prevalence of no LTPA (52.5%) exceeded the Healthy People 2010 objective target of 20%.Conclusions:Our findings show that more than half of adults 60 or more years of age reported no LTPA and that levels of LTPA in the older population vary by demographic and health characteristics.
Tai Chi: Moving for Better Balance—Development of a Community-Based Falls Prevention Program
Authors: Li Fuzhong , Harmer Peter , Mack Karin A. , Sleet David , Fisher K. John , Kohn Melvin A. , Millet Lisa M. , Xu Junheng , Yang Tingzhong , Sutton Beth , Tompkins Yvaughn 
Published: August 2016

Background:This study was designed to develop an evidence- and community-based falls prevention program—Tai Chi: Moving for Better Balance.Methods:A mixed qualitative and quantitative approach was used to develop a package of materials for program implementation and evaluation. The developmental work was conducted in 2 communities in the Pacific Northwest. Participants included a panel of experts, senior service program managers or activity coordinators, and older adults. Outcome measures involved program feasibility and satisfaction.Results:Through an iterative process, a program package was developed. The package contained an implementation plan and class training materials (ie, instructor’s manual, videotape, and user’s guidebook). Pilot testing of program materials showed that the content was appropriate for the targeted users (community-living older adults) and providers (local senior service organizations). A feasibility survey indicated interest and support from users and providers for program implementation. A 2-week pilot evaluation showed that the program implementation was feasible and evidenced good class attendance, high participant satisfaction, and interest in continuing Tai Chi.Conclusions:The package of materials developed in this study provides a solid foundation for larger scale implementation and evaluation of the program in community settings.
Psychosocial Correlates of Exercise in Women With Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Craft Lynette L. , Perna Frank M. , Freund Karen M. , Culpepper Larry 
Published: August 2016

Background:Exercise effectively reduces symptoms of depression. However, correlates of regular exercise in depressed women are unknown. This study assessed psychosocial determinants of exercise in a sample of women with depressive symptoms.Methods:Sixty-one women completed demographic, depression, and exercise-related questionnaires.Results:The average Primary Health Ques-tionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression score was 12.1 (SD = 5.0), indicating moderate depressive symptoms. In the previous week, the women reported 12.8 metabolic equivalents (METs) of exercise. Low levels of self-efficacy and social support for exercise were also reported. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with barriers to exercise (r = .35, P < .01), and barriers were inversely related to exercise METs (r = –.37, P < .05). Barriers to activity and education level were significant determinants of exercise.Conclusions:Women with depressive symptoms report minimal exercise involvement, numerous barriers to exercise, and low exercise self-efficacy and social support for exercise.
Interunit and Intraunit Reliability of the RT3 Triaxial Accelerometer
Authors: Krasnoff Joanne B. , Kohn Michael A. , Choy Frankie K.K. , Doyle Julie , Johansen Kirsten , Painter Patricia L. 
Published: August 2016

Background:Interest in the quantification of physical activity is on the rise. Tri-axial accelerometry has frequently been used; however, research on the reliability of these devices is limited. We examine the interunit and intraunit reliability of 22 RT3 triaxial accelerometers using a performance-documented laboratory agitator.Methods:The RT3 units were tested while moving in 2 directions (antero-posterior, medio-lateral) and speeds (150 and 275 RPM) on a shaker with simultaneous documented performance output for three 24-hour periods.Results:Minimal shaker variance was recorded for all trials (coefficients of variation [CVs] < 0.52%). Our data demonstrate good reliability within RT3s (CVs < 1.81%) but poor reliability among the 22 units (CVs range = 9.5% to 34.7%).Conclusions:In longitudinal studies, each subject should use the same RT3 unit at each assessment. The use of multiple RT3 units in cross-sectional studies is not recommended because data interpretation would be compromised by the high between-unit variability.
Correlates of Leisure-Time Physical Activity Differ by Body-Mass-Index Status in Brazilian Adults
Authors: Hallal Pedro Curi , Reichert Felipe Fossati , Siqueira Fernando Vinholes , Dumith Samuel Carvalho , Bastos Juliano Peixoto , Silva Marcelo Cozzensa da , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues , Azevedo Mario Renato , Ekelund Ulf 
Published: August 2016

Objectives:The objective of this study was to evaluate physical activity (PA) levels in adults and their association with sex, age, and education level across categories of body mass index (BMI).Methods:We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study including 3100 individuals age ≥20 years living in Pelotas, Brazil. PA was assessed using the leisure-time section of the long International Physical Activity Questionnaire. “No PA” was defined as zero minutes of activity/week; “insuffcient PA” was defined as <150 minutes of activity/week; “high PA” was defined as ≥500 minutes of activity/week. BMI was categorized into normal (<25 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), and obesity (≥30 kg/m2).Results:The prevalence of insufficient PA was 71.6% among normal BMI subjects, 71.3% among overweight individuals, and 73.7% among obese ones (P = .67). No PA and high PA were also not associated with BMI. The associations between sex, age, and education level and PA levels tended to be stronger among normal-weight individuals compared with overweight and obese individuals. Among the obese, most associations were not significant. Among normal-weight individuals, higher PA levels were observed in men, young adults, and those with higher education.Conclusions:Variables associated with leisure-time PA differed between normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals. Studies on PA correlates might benefit from stratifying by BMI.
Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity in Mexican American Children at Home
Authors: McKenzie Thomas L. , Baquero Barbara , Crespo Noe C. , Arredondo Elva M. , Campbell Nadia R. , Elder John P. 
Published: August 2016

Background:Understanding home environments might shed light on factors contributing to reduced physical activity (PA) in children, particularly minorities. Few studies have used microlevel observations to simultaneously assess children’s PA and associated conditions in homes.Methods:Trained observers assessed PA and associated physical and social environmental variables in the homes of 139 Mexican American children (69 boys, 70 girls; mean age = 6 years) after school.Results:Children spent most time indoors (77%) and being sedentary (74%). Reduced PA was associated with viewing media, being indoors, and parents being present. Increased PA was associated with prompts for PA and other children being present. PA prompts differed by child gender and location and prompter age status.Conclusions:Children are frequently sedentary at home. Microlevel observations showed PA is associated with potentially modifiable social and physical factors, including spending time outdoors. Studies to determine whether interventions on these correlates can improve children’s PA are needed.
Participant Experiences in a Workplace Pedometer-Based Physical Activity Program
Authors: Lauzon Nicola , Chan Catherine B. , Myers Anita M. , Tudor-Locke Catrine 
Published: August 2016

Background:Limited process evaluation of pedometer-based interventions has been reported.Methods:Feedback via focus groups (n = 38) and exit questionnaires (n = 68) was used to examine participants’ experiences in a group-based, pedometer-based physical activity (PA) program delivered in the workplace.Results:The pedometer was described as a useful tool for increasing awareness of PA, providing motivation and visual feedback, and encouraging conversation and support among participants and others such as family and friends. Group meetings provided motivation and social support, as did participation by coworkers. Self-selected goals, self-selected PA strategies, and recording of steps/d were also important.Conclusions:Given the importance of social support as a mediating variable in changing PA behavior, future pedometer-based programs might benefit from including a group-based component.
Associations Between Aerobic and Muscular Fitness and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The Northern Ireland Young Hearts Study
Authors: Hoekstra Trynke , Boreham Colin A. , Murray Liam J. , Twisk Jos W.R. 
Published: August 2016

Background:It is not clear what the relative contribution is of specific components of physical fitness (aerobic and muscular) to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We investigated associations between aerobic fitness (endurance) and muscular fitness (power) and CVD risk factors.Methods:Data were obtained from the Young Hearts project, a representative sample of 12- and 15-year-old boys and girls from Northern Ireland (N = 2016). Aerobic fitness was determined by the 20-m shuttle run test, muscular fitness by the Sargent jump test. CVD risk factors included sum of skinfolds, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol, and TC:HDL ratio. Several linear regression analyses were conducted for 4 age and gender groups separately, with the risk factor as the outcome variable.Results:Significant associations between aerobic fitness and a healthy CVD risk profile were found. These observed relationships were independent of power, whereas the (few) relationships between muscular fitness and the risk factors were partly explained by endurance.Conclusions:Tailored, preventive strategies during adolescence, incorporating endurance rather than power sports, could be encouraged to help prevent CVD. This is important because existing studies propose that healthiness during adulthood is founded on healthiness in adolescence.
Progressive Improvement in Glucose Tolerance Following Lower-Intensity Resistance Versus Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Training in Older Women
Authors: DiPietro Loretta , Yeckel Catherine W. , Dziura James 
Published: August 2016

Background:Few studies have compared long-term moderate-intensity aerobic versus light-resistance training on serial improvements in glucose tolerance in older people.Methods:Healthy, inactive older (74 ± 5 [SD] years) women (N = 20) were randomized into either a high-volume, moderate-intensity aerobic (ATM, n = 12) or a lower-intensity resistance training (RTL, n = 8) group. Both groups exercised under supervision 4 times per week for 45- to 60-minute sessions over 9 months. Measurements of plasma glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed at baseline and at 3, 6, and 9 months 48 hours after the last exercise session.Results:We observed significant improvements in 2-hour glucose concentrations at 3, 6, and 9 months among women in the RTL (152 ± 42 vs 134 ± 33 vs 134 ± 24 vs 130 ± 27 mg · dL−1; P < .05), but not the ATM (151 ± 25 vs 156 ± 37 vs 152 ± 40 vs 155 ± 39 mg · dL−1) group. These improvements were accompanied by an 18% (P < .07) decrease in basal FFA concentrations in the RTL group, whereas basal and 30-minute FFA concentrations increased (P < .05) after training in the ATM group.Conclusions:These findings suggest that the net physiological benefits of exercise might have been blunted in the ATM group, owing to higher circulating levels of FFA, which might have temporarily interfered with insulin action.
Estimating Physical Activity From Incomplete Accelerometer Data in Field Studies
Authors: Alhassan Sofiya , Sirard John R. , Spencer Tirzah R. , Varady Ann , Robinson Thomas N. 
Published: August 2016

Background:The purpose of this study was to develop a data-driven approach for analyzing incomplete accelerometer data from field-base studies.Methods:Multiple days of accelerometer data from the Stanford Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies (N = 294 African American girls) were summed across each minute of each day to produce a composite weekday and weekend day. Composite method estimates of physical activity were compared with those derived from methods typically described in the literature (comparison methods).Results:The composite method retained 99.7% and 100% of participants in weekday and weekend-day analysis, respectively, versus 84.7% to 94.2% and 28.6% to 99.0% for the comparison methods. Average wearing times for the composite method for weekday and weekend day were 99.6% and 98.6%, respectively, 91.7% to 93.9% and 82.3% to 95.4% for the comparison methods. Composite-method physical activity estimates were similar to comparison-methods estimates.Conclusion:The composite method used more available accelerometer data than standard approaches, reducing the need to exclude periods within a day, entire days, and participants from analysis.