bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peran Perbankan Nasional dalam Pembiayaan Sektor Pertanian di Indonesia
Authors: Ashari NFN 
Published: October 2017

<strong>English</strong><br />Agricultural sector has a very strategic role in the national development. Nevertheless, the agricultural sector still deals with some problems, e.g. lack of capital for farmers and agricultural business. National banks, theoretically, have a significant potential for agricultural financing because of their core business as the financial intermediary institution. However, the facts show that national banking credit to the agricultural sector is still limited, that is less than 6 percent. This paper aims to review potential, role and the constraint of national banks in financing the agricultural sector. The study shows that the lack of financing in the agricultural sector by national banks caused by high risk in the agricultural sector, complicated term in credit proposal, poor management of agricultural businesses due to its micro-small scale, and limited competence of bank in the field of agricultural finance. The government tries to increase agricultural finance through increasing budget allocation to this sector, improving effectiveness of state budget funds, or formulating an alternative financing scheme in accordance with the characteristics of agriculture. <br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Sektor pertanian memainkan peran sangat strategis dalam pembangunan nasional. Walaupun demikian, sektor pertanian masih dihadapkan pada beberapa permasalahan, diantaranya kurangnya permodalan petani dan pelaku usaha pertanian. Perbankan nasional, secara teori memiliki potensi besar sebagai pendukung pembiayaan pertanian karena secara legal formal merupakan lembaga intermediasi keuangan. Namun, fakta menunjukkan penyaluran kredit perbankan nasional ke sektor pertanian masih sangat kecil yaitu di bawah 6 persen. Tulisan ini bertujuan melakukan review terhadap potensi dan peran serta berbagai permasalahan yang dihadapi perbankan nasional dalam pembiayaan di sektor pertanian. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa minimnya pembiayaan di sektor pertanian oleh perbankan disebabkan beberapa hal, diantaranya: risiko pembiayaan yang tinggi, persyaratan yang ketat dalam pengajuan kredit, kelemahan manajemen usaha pertanian yang umumnya berskala mikro-kecil, serta keterbatasan kompetensi perbankan di bidang pertanian. Pemerintah telah berupaya untuk meningkatkan pembiayaan ke sektor pertanian, diantaranya dengan memperbesar alokasi anggaran ke sektor pertanian, peningkatan efektivitas dana APBN, mendorong perbankan lebih ekpansif dalam pembiayaan pertanian, maupun merumuskan skim pembiayaan alternatif yang sesuai dengan karakteristik pertanian.
Application of Nanotechnology in EOR, Polymer-Nano Flooding the Nearest Future of Chemical EOR
Authors: Elkady Mohammed 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Oil reserve is the commercial oil which can be produced with current technology. Nanotechnology can enhance the ultimate oil recovery factor as we will show in many pervious experimental works such as improving CO2 flooding, improving heat transfer for heavy oil, interfacial tension reduction, wettability alteration through contact angle, reducing oil viscosity, Nano fluid flooding at reservoir condition and using Nano fluid slug.
In this paper we will show experimental work related to using Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles with polyacrylamide to make a new technique in chemical EOR methods called (Polymer-Nano flooding). Polymer-Nano flooding after polymer flooding can increase R.F with more than 2% of OOIP.
Polymer-Nano flooding on a sample saturated with oil gave a R.F 66.29 %of OOIP slightly below the value of R.F (67.16 %of OOIP) of polymer flooding but with more than 40% cost reduction.
Polymer-Nano flooding can alter the wettability through decreasing the value of Kw@Sor and that made the value of the intersection point of Kro & Krw curves increase which means that the rock became more water wet.
O Impacto do Ciberativismo no Processo de Empoderamento: o uso de redes sociais e o exercício da cidadania
Authors: Da Fonseca Stêvenis Moacir Moura , Silva Andréa Pereira da , Teixeira Filho José Gilson De Almeida 
Published: October 2017

Este artigo aborda o impacto do ciberativismo no processo de empoderamento da sociedade civil. Dentro deste contexto o objetivo principal foi o de descrever como os cidadãos utilizam as redes sociais para exercer sua cidadania. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se por meio de abordagem quanti-qualitativa, com base na realização de entrevistas qualitativas e a aplicação de um questionário <em>online </em>respondido por 221 ciberativistas comprometidos com a problemática socioambiental da cidade do Recife, <em>locus </em>da pesquisa. Para a análise dos dados qualitativos, foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Entretanto, a amostra se restringiu apenas a dois ciberativistas dos mais atuantes, enquanto para os dados quantitativos foi utilizada a estatítica por meio da amostra infinita. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que a utilização das TICs tem promovido um revigoramento do papel do cidadão na esfera pública.
The combined effects of carbon/nitrogen ratio, suspended biomass, hydraulic retention time and dissolved oxygen on nutrient removal in a laboratory-scale anaerobic–anoxic–oxic activated sludge biofilm reactor
Authors: Manu D. S. , Kumar Thalla Arun 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The current trend in sustainable development deals mainly with environmental management. There is a need for economically affordable, advanced treatment methods for the proper treatment and management of domestic wastewater containing excess nutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) which can cause eutrophication. The reduction of the excess nutrient content of wastewater by appropriate technology is of much concern to the environmentalist. In the current study, a novel integrated anaerobic–anoxic–oxic activated sludge biofilm (A2O-AS-biofilm) reactor was designed and operated to improve the biological nutrient removal by varying reactor operating conditions such as carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, suspended biomass, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and dissolved oxygen (DO). Based on various trials, it was seen that the A2O-AS-biofilm reactor achieved good removal efficiencies with regard to chemical oxygen demand (95.5%), total phosphorus (93.1%), ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH4+-N) (98%) and total nitrogen (80%) when the reactor was maintained at C/N ratio of 4, suspended biomass of 3 to 3.5 g/L, HRT of 10 h, and DO of 1.5 to 2.5 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of suspended and attached biofilm showed a dense structure of coccus and bacillus bacteria with the diameter ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 μm. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results indicated phosphorylated macromolecules and carbohydrates mix or bind with extracellular proteins in exopolysaccharides.
Influence of Severe Carotid Stenosis on Cognition, Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Life
Authors: Pucite Elina , Krievina Ildze , Miglane Evija , Erts Renars , Krievins Dainis 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Carotid artery disease is not just a causal risk factor of ischemic stroke, but may predispose patients to depressive symptoms and low health related quality of life (HRQoL).

Objectives:
The objectives of the present study were to assess the association between severe carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and cognitive impairment, frequency of depressive symptoms and status of HRQoL.

Methods:
Cross - sectional study involved 55 patients with severe CAS and 54 patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). Cognitive impairment was assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), depressive symptoms - PHQ-9 scale. HRQoL was measured using Medical Outcome Survey Short Form version 2 (SF-36v2).

Results:
Median MoCA score 24 [23;26] was significantly lower in patients with severe CAS than in patients with PAD - 26 [25-28],(p=0.005; effect size r=0.3). There was no statistically significant difference of median PHQ-9 scores the in CAS group (median PHQ-9 score 4.0 [5]) and in the PAD group (median PHQ-9 score 5.5 [7]), (p=0.08, effect size r=0.18). Mean SF-36v2 scores were similar in CAS and PAD groups except for bodily pain (p=0.001, Cohen's d value = 0.77) and vitality (p=0.02, Cohen's d value = 0.49).

Conclusion:
In summary, our findings indicate that severe CAS could play a role in cognitive decline. Further studies should be conducted using larger patient cohorts without ischemic brain lesions and with balanced vascular risk profiles to investigate impact of CAS on cognition. There was no association between severe CAS and depressive symptoms in the present study. As patients with severe CAS did not exhibit physical symptoms, HRQoL was better for those patients than for patients with lower extremity PAD.
Distribuição geográfica e diversidade de passalidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) no sudeste da Mata Atlântica (Brasil). Geographic Distribution and Diversity of Passalidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from the Atlantic Rainforest of Southeastern (Brazil).
Authors: Mattos Ingrid , M. Mermudes José Ricardo 
Published: October 2017

RESUMO. A fauna de Passalidae é pouco conhecida no Sudeste do Brasil, uma região com domínio de Mata Atlântica que inclui uma fitofisionomia tropical típica da costa brasileira, com elementos distintos de geologia e geografia. O estudo foi conduzido em sete unidades de conservação do bioma de Mata Atlântica e forneceu uma lista das espécies de Passalinae com mapas de distribuição dos gêneros para a região Sudeste. A diversidade de Passalidae do Sudeste do Brasil incluiu 44 espécies, das quais 37 apresentam registros nas áreas de conservação com base no material coletado que recuperou 30 espécies. Passalus (Pertinax) convexus Dalman, 1817, Passalus (Passalus) denticollis Kaup, 1869 e Passalus (Passalus) punctiger Lepeletier &Serville, 1825 foram as espécies mais abundantes, representando 49% dos indivíduos coletados. Passalus (Pertinax) convexus é a espécie mais abundante no bioma do Sudeste. Com base em uma ampla amostra de material examinado de diversas instituições, assinalamos 25 novas localidades, sendo 11 novos registros para estados do Brasil e sete registros para outros países da América do Sul, promovendo acréscimos para a distribuição das espécies do Sudeste do Brasil. Passalus nasutus Percheron, 1835 tem novos comentários taxônomicos para elucidar um problema com Passalus (Passalus) curtus Kaup, 1869, onde o primeiro é restrito ao Brasil e o segundo a Colômbia.ABSTRACT. The Passalidae fauna is poorly known in the southeasternof Brazil, a region with Atlantic Forest thatincludes typical tropical phyto-physiognomies of the Brasilian coast, with distinctive geology and geography. This is the first study in seven areas of conservation of the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil, and intends to list the species of Passalinae. Actually, the diversity of Passalidae fauna from southeastern of Brazil increase to 44 species, of which 30 were collected and are accurately recorded in remnants of Atlantic Forest biome. Passalus (Pertinax) convexus Dalman, 1817, Passalus (Passalus) denticollis Kaup, 1869 and Passalus (Passalus) punctiger Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 were the most abundant, representing over 49% of individuals. Passalus (Pertinax) convexus is one of the most typical species from the Atlantic Forest biome in the Southeast. Based on a large sample of material examined from several institutions, we found 25 new locations, 11 new records for the states of Brazil and seven records to other countries in South America, promoting additions to the distribution of species in Southeast Brazil. Passalus nasutus Percheron, 1835 have new unambiguous comemmts to elucidate Passalus (Passalus) curtus Kaup, 1869, where the former species is restricted to Brazil and the latter is restricted to Colombia.
Diphylla ecaudata y Diaemus youngi, biología y comportamiento. Diphylla ecaudata and Diaemus youngi, Biology and behavior
Authors: Corrêa Scheffer Karin , Fernandes De Barros Rodrigo , Iamamoto Keila , Mori Enio , Miyuki Asano Karen , M. Achkar Samira , Estevez Garcia Andrea Isabel , De Oliveira Lima Jonas Yoshitaka , De Oliveira Fahl Willian 
Published: October 2017

RESUMEN. En la presente revisión se presentan algunos aspectos de la biología y comportamiento de las especies de quirópteros hematófagos Diphylla ecaudata y Diaemus youngi. Y se analizan las principales características anatómicas que permiten hacer la diferenciación de estas especies con Desmodus rotundus. Es notable la falta de información sobre las dos primeras especies y la necesidad de capacitación para la correcta identificación de las mismas, lo que redundará en un direccionamiento más específico para controlar las poblaciones de Desmodus rotundus.ABSTRACT. This review presents some aspects about the biology and behavior of the hematophagous bats Diphylla ecaudata and Diaemus youngi. It is notable the lack of information regarding both species, and the need of training in order to identify them properly from Desmodus rotundus. We analyze the main anatomical features that allow differentiation of these species. This will result in a more specific control of Desmodus rotundus populations.
Academic outcomes and accommodations following adolescent sport-related concussion: a pilot study
Authors: Russell Kelly , Selci Erin , Chu Stephanie , Rozbacher Adrian , Ellis Michael 
Published: October 2017

Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine academic achievement, absenteeism and school accommodations following adolescent sport-related concussion (SRC). Methods: A case-series was conducted among grade 8–12 students who suffered an SRC. The primary outcomes were change in pre- and post-concussion overall, core report card grade point average (GPA) and absenteeism due to concussion. The most helpful school accommodations were tabulated. Results: Pre- and post-concussion GPA was obtained from 33 students – 16 (48%) developed persistent post-concussion symptoms (symptoms lasting >4 weeks). There was no significant difference in pre- and post-concussion grades among students with a SRC for overall (p = 0.75) or core (p = 0.56) GPA. The median number of missed school days was 4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2–8). Allowing for physical and cognitive rest was identified as the most helpful accommodation (30%). Conclusion: Larger studies should investigate the role that school accommodations and development of persistent post-concussion symptoms have on academic outcomes.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT TERHADAP PEMENUHAN PERAWATAN SPIRITUAL PASIEN DI RUANG INTENSIF
Authors: Wardah Wardah , Febtrina Rizka , Dewi Eka 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>Spiritual is the belief of a person in relation to the Almighty and the Creator which is the basic need of every human being. Spiritual needs are met will contribute to the recovery of patients, especially patients in critical or terminal condition. But constrained various factors one of them is what knowledge and how nursing care that can be applied in meeting the spiritual needs of patients. This research was conducted at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Arifin Achmad Hospital Pekanbaru, Riau, involving 22 ICU nurses as respondents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of increased knowledge on the fulfillment of the spiritual needs of patients. The study design was quasy experiments (without pre and posttest control group design). Statistical tests performed using alternatives test wilcoxon rank. Results showed that there was an increase in the average value of the fulfillment of spiritual needs of patients by nurses from 55.23 before the intervention became 57.18 after intervention. but there is no significant influence between the increase of knowledge on the improvement of the spiritual needs of patients with p-value 0.372&gt; α = 0.05</em><em></em></p><p> </p><p>Spiritual adalah keyakinan seseorang dalam hubungannya dengan yang Maha Kuasa dan Maha Pencipta yang merupakan kebutuhan dasar setiap manusia. Kebutuhan spiritual yang terpenuhi akan memberikan kontribusi pada kesembuhan pasien, khususnya pasien dalam kondisi kritis atau terminal. Penerapan asuhan keperawatan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan spiritual yang diberikan bertujuan agar klien merasa seimbang dan memiliki semangat hidup sehingga klien dapat meraih ketenangan jiwa, kestabilan, ketenangan beribadah, penurunan kecemasan dan kesembuhan. Namun terkendala berbagai faktor salah satunya adalah pengetahuan apa dan bagaimana asuhan keperawatan yang dapat diterapakan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan spiritual pasien. Penelitian ini dilakukan di ruang Intensif(ICU) RSUD Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru, Riau, dengan melibatkan perawat ICU sebanyak 22 orang sebagai responden. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh peningkatan pengetahuan terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan spiritual pasien, Intervensi dilakukan berupa workshop spiritual bagi perawat. Desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Quasy Eksperimen (Pre dan Posttest without Control Group Design). Uji satatistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan Uji alternatif wilcoxon rank. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan nilai rata-rata pemenuhan kebutuhan spiritual pasien oleh perawat dari 55,23 sebelum intervensi menjadi 57,18 dengan nilai p-value 0,372&gt; α=0,05.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat pengaruh antara peningkatan pengetahuan dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan spiritual pasien</p>
THE SOURCE OF ERRORS IN INDONESIAN-ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Authors: Utami Silvia 
Published: October 2017

<p>This research aimed to identify types of translation errors and to find out the sources of errors (interlingual and intralingual errors) in Indonesian-English translation written by the students. The type of this research was descriptive research which used Error Analysis procedures to identify and analyze the students’ error. The findings showed that the types of grammatical errors made by the students in their translation were three types, namely global errors, local errors, and other errors. The most frequent error made by the students was local errors and the fewest error made by the students was other errors. Then, this research revealed that mostly errors occurred in students’ translation were caused by intralingual error. Meanwhile, only few errors were caused by interlingual error. The errors occured due students’ incomplete knowledge of the target language.</p>
MUTU ORGANOLEPTIK DAN KIMIA ABON IKAN GABUS (CHANNA STRIATA) YANG DISUBSTITUSI SUKUN (ARTOCARPUS ALTILIS)
Authors: Dara Widia , Arlinda Arlinda 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>The aim of research was to determine the effect of substitution breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) organoleptic quality and chemical content shredded. This research is experimental, with five treatments. Organoleptic tests carried snake head with breadfruit substitution processed into shredded. The study was conducted using a CRD (completely randomized design) with five treatments and two replications. Analyses were performed using analysis of variance to see the effect of adding breadfruit between treatments. If the results differ significantly (F count&gt; F table) then continued with DNMRT test at 5% level. Chemical proximate analysis conducted shredded. Shredded most preferred is the treatment of C made from snake head 83.37% and 16.33% breadfruit. The protein content decreased with increasing number of substitutions breadfruit, otherwise the fiber content increases. Chemical Ingredients shredded were 438 Calories, 31.5% carbohydrate, 19.8% protein, 25.9% fat, 8% ash content and moisture content of 14.8% and 1,12 g fiber. Shredded is made of snake head 83.37% and 16.33% breadfruit meet standard SII shredded. Except for the water content is still rather high (14.8%) is in excess of the permitted standards SII shredded by 10%.</em></p>
La Teledetección satelital y los sistemas de protección ambiental
Authors: Sacristán Romero Francisco 
Published: October 2017

La Teledetección ofrece grandes posibilidades para la realización de progresos en el conocimiento de la naturaleza, aunque todavía no se ha logrado todo lo que de ella se esperaba debido a que se deben realizar perfeccionamientos en el nivel de resolución espacial, espectral y temporal de los datos. Además, es necesario un mayor rigor científico en la interpretación de los resultados obtenidos, tratando de no extraer conclusiones definitivas de los estudios medioambientales realizados mediante técnicas de Teledetección. Los modelos que se elaboran para interpretar los datos de Teledetección, deberán tener como objetivo eliminar los efectos ocasionados por la variabilidad en las condiciones de captación, la distorsión provocada por la atmósfera, y la influencia de parámetros tales como la posición del Sol, pendiente, exposición, y altitud. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/16578953.701
Situación y necesidad de la pequeña y mediana empresa
Authors: Cala Hederich Álvaro 
Published: October 2017

Hoy en día se considera que la actividad de las Pymes es muy importante para la economía Colombiana. Después de los noventa, se reconoció que en Colombia existía gran cantidad de Pymes desconocidas y dispersas, que no tenían ningún tipo de protección o ayuda, no obstante estaban contribuyendo sustancialmente al Producto Interno Bruto. Se estima que hay un número por encima de un millón de Pymes que aportan más del 50% del Producto Interno bruto, y generan la mayor parte del empleo nacional. Existen una gran mayoría sin ninguna clase de registro. Solamente una pequeña parte están registradas y cumplen todos los requerimientos legales. La Escuela de Negocios y Ciencias Empresariales de la Universidad Sergio Arboleda, ha decidido desarrollar investigaciones sobre la realidad de la Pyme colombiana, con el objetivo de ampliar el conocimiento y el potencial de estas pequeñas empresas. Tener información precisa sobre esas compañías es algo difícil porque la gran mayoría al no encontrarse registradas no generan información o estadísticas sobre ellas. Entonces, la Universidad planea investigar todo el universo de las Pymes, a través de encuestas, utilizando buenas metodologías y realizando correctos análisis. Los resultados obtenidos podrán aportar buenas recomendaciones para el establecimiento de políticas económicas y sociales. El presente ensayo formula once propuestas puntuales sobre acciones benéficas en favor de las Pymes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/16578953.703
LA HISTORIA DEL CONTROL DE LAS ADMINISTRACIONES PÚBLICAS EN LA COLONIA
Authors: Malagón Pinzón Miguel 
Published: October 2017

Este artículo planea la hipótesis de que los actos de gobierno tuvieron control en la Colonia. Argumento que va en contravía con la tradición mayoritaria de nuestro Derecho Administrativo que establece que el control sobre la Administración Pública se inició en el siglo XX con la recepción de modelo francés. También se hace énfasis en la distinción que operó en Hispanoamericana ente competencias del gobierno y competencias de justicia, que ocasionó que las primeras fueran justificables, ante la Revolución Francesa. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/16578953.705
En busca de nosotros mismos Acerca de la necesidad de la sabiduría para el hombre de hoy
Authors: Beatriz Irizar Liliana 
Published: October 2017

En medio de una sociedad que nos invita constantemente a la extroversión cabe preguntarnos si el encuentro con nosotros mismos a través de una actitud “interior” y reflexiva no puede representar un factor clave para detener, en alguna medida, el proceso de deshumanización que descompone a Occidente. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/16578953.716