bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neural basis of attentional selection in goal-directed memory retrieval
Authors: Sabo Melinda , Wascher Edmund , Schneider Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGoal-directed memory reactivation involves retrieving the most relevant information for the current behavioral goal. Previous research has linked this process to activations in the fronto-parietal network, but the underlying neurocognitive mechanism remains poorly understood. The current electroencephalogram (EEG) study explores attentional selection as a possible mechanism supporting goal-directed retrieval. We designed a long-term memory experiment containing three phases. First, participants learned associations between objects and two screen locations. In a following phase, we changed the relevance of some locations (selective cue condition) to simulate goal-directed retrieval. We also introduced a control condition, in which the original associations remained unchanged (neutral cue condition). Behavior performance measured during the final retrieval phase revealed faster and more confident responses in the selective vs. neutral condition. At the EEG level, we found significant differences in decoding accuracy, with above-chance effects in the selective cue condition but not in the neutral cue condition. Additionally, we observed a stronger posterior contralateral negativity and lateralized alpha power in the selective cue condition. Overall, these results suggest that attentional selection enhances task-relevant information accessibility, emphasizing its role in goal-directed memory retrieval.
The regulatory status of health apps that employ gamification
Authors: Freyer Oscar , Wrona Kamil J. , de Snoeck Quentin , Hofmann Moritz , Melvin Tom , Stratton-Powell Ashley , Wicks Paul , Parks Acacia C. , Gilbert Stephen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSmartphone applications are one of the main delivery modalities in digital health. Many of these mHealth apps use gamification to engage users, improve user experience, and achieve better health outcomes. Yet, it remains unclear whether gamified approaches help to deliver effective, safe, and clinically beneficial products to users. This study examines the compliance of 69 gamified mHealth apps with the EU Medical Device Regulation and assesses the specific risks arising from the gamified nature of these apps. Of the identified apps, 32 (46.4%) were considered non-medical devices; seven (10.1%) were already cleared/approved by the regulatory authorities, and 31 (44.9%) apps were assessed as likely non-compliant or potentially non-compliant with regulatory requirements. These applications and one approved application were assessed as on the market without the required regulatory approvals. According to our analysis, a higher proportion of these apps would be classified as medical devices in the US. The level of risk posed by gamification remains ambiguous. While most apps showed only a weak link between the degree of gamification and potential risks, this link was stronger for those apps with a high degree of gamification or an immersive game experience.
Predictive model of castration resistance in advanced prostate cancer by machine learning using genetic and clinical data: KYUCOG-1401-A study
Authors: Shiota Masaki , Nemoto Shota , Ikegami Ryo , Tatarano Shuichi , Kamoto Toshiyuki , Kobayashi Keita , Sakai Hideki , Igawa Tsukasa , Kamba Tomomi , Fujimoto Naohiro , Yokomizo Akira , Naito Seiji , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The predictive power of the treatment efficacy and prognosis in primary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for advanced prostate cancer is not satisfactory. The objective of this study was to integrate genetic and clinical data to predict castration resistance in primary ADT for advanced prostate cancer by machine learning (ML).

Methods
Clinical and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) data obtained in the KYUCOG-1401-A study (UMIN000022852) that enrolled Japanese patients with advanced prostate cancer were used. All patients were treated with primary ADT. A point-wise linear (PWL) algorithm, logistic regression with elastic-net regularization, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting were the ML algorithms used in this study. Area under the curve for castration resistance and C-index for prognoses were calculated to evaluate the utility of the models.

Results
Among the three ML algorithms, the area under the curve values to predict castration resistance at 2 years was highest for the PWL algorithm with all the datasets. Three predictive models (clinical model, small SNPs model, and large SNPs model) were created by the PWL algorithm using the clinical data alone, and 2 and 46 SNPs in addition to clinical data. C-indices for overall survival by the clinical, small SNPs, and large SNPs models were 0.636, 0.621, and 0.703, respectively.

Conclusion
The results demonstrated that the SNPs models created by ML produced excellent prediction of castration resistance and prognosis in primary ADT for advanced prostate cancer, and will be helpful in treatment choice.
Structural basis for the type I-F Cas8-HNH system
Authors: Li Xuzichao , Liu Yanan , Han Jie , Zhang Lingling , Liu Zhikun , Wang Lin , Zhang Shuqin , Zhang Qian , Fu Pengyu , Yin Hang , Zhu Hongtao , Zhang Heng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Cas3 nuclease is utilized by canonical type I CRISPR-Cas systems for processive target DNA degradation, while a newly identified type I-F CRISPR variant employs an HNH nuclease domain from the natural fusion Cas8-HNH protein for precise target cleavage both in vitro and in human cells. Here, we report multiple cryo-electron microscopy structures of the type I-F Cas8-HNH system at different functional states. The Cas8-HNH Cascade complex adopts an overall G-shaped architecture, with the HNH domain occupying the C-terminal helical bundle domain (HB) of the Cas8 protein in canonical type I systems. The Linker region connecting Cas8-NTD and HNH domains adopts a rigid conformation and interacts with the Cas7.6 subunit, enabling the HNH domain to be in a functional position. The full R-loop formation displaces the HNH domain away from the Cas6 subunit, thus activating the target DNA cleavage. Importantly, our results demonstrate that precise target cleavage is dictated by a C-terminal helix of the HNH domain. Together, our work not only delineates the structural basis for target recognition and activation of the type I-F Cas8-HNH system, but also guides further developments leveraging this system for precise DNA editing.
STEMI-Äquivalente im EKG – eine fallbasierte Darstellung
Authors: Stegmeier Philipp , Martinez Pereyra Valeria , Ong Peter 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungBei Patienten mit Verdacht auf einen Myokardinfarkt zählt das 12-Kanal-Ruhe-EKG zu einer unverzichtbaren Basisdiagnostik. Eine besonders wichtige Bedeutung hat dabei das Erkennen von ST-Streckenhebungen, das zu einer sofortigen koronaren Revaskularisation führen sollte. Darüber hinaus gibt es STEMI-Äquivalente im EKG, deren Darstellung Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist.
Der Stellenwert funktioneller Outcome-Parameter des afferent
visuellen Systems bei neuroinflammatorischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Manthey Luca Magdalena , Buenrostro Gilberto Solorza , Paul Friedemann , Oertel Frederike Cosima 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungStörungen des afferenten visuellen Systems sind seit Langem bei diversen
neurologischen Erkrankungen beschrieben. Somit ist auch die Untersuchung des
visuellen Systems ein wesentlicher Aspekt der neurologischen Untersuchung. Neben
der strukturellen Darstellung der Sehbahn, z. B. mittels der
Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) oder der Optischen Kohärenztomografie (OCT),
bieten funktionelle Parameter schnell und gut zugängliche Informationen über die
Integrität und Funktionalität des visuellen Systems. Zusätzlich zur fokussierten
Untersuchung und Differentialdiagnostik klinischer Sehstörungen, bieten diese
Parameter auch die Möglichkeit, subklinische Prozesse zu erfassen und damit
frühzeitige therapeutische Interventionen zu ermöglichen. Dieser Artikel gibt
eine Übersicht über funktionelle Parameter des afferenten visuellen Systems und
demonstriert deren klinische Relevanz beispielhaft anhand von
neuroimmunologischen Erkrankungen, wie Multipler Sklerose (MS) und Neuromyelitis
Optica Spektrum Erkrankungen (NMOSD).
Additional over-the-scope-clip closure can shorten endoscopic vacuum therapy for postoperative upper gastrointestinal leakage
Authors: Brand Markus , Reimer Stanislaus , Kollmann Lars , Weich Alexander , Gruber Maximilian , Flemming Sven , Meining Alexander , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Lock Johann Friso , Seyfried Florian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has become the most effective therapeutic option for upper gastrointestinal leakage. Despite its efficiency, this treatment can necessitate a long hospitalization. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether additional use of an over-the-scope-clips (OTSC) closure after successful EVT can shorten leakage therapy.
Patients and methods All patients treated with EVT for leakages in the upper gastrointestinal tract at our center from 2012 to 2022 were divided into two propensity matched cohorts (EVT+OTSC vs. EVT only). The EVT+OTSC patients received OSTC application at the end of successful EVT directly after removal of the last sponge. The primary endpoint was the time interval from leakage diagnosis until discharge. Secondary endpoints included EVT efficacy, complications, and nutritional status at discharge.
Results A total of 84 matched patients were analyzed. EVT efficacy was 100% in both groups. The time interval from leakage until discharge was significantly shorter in the EVT+OTSC vs. EVT group (33 [19–48] vs. 46 days [29–77] P = 0.004). No patient in the EVT+OTSC group required additional procedures for leakage management, whereas five (12%) in the EVT group needed additional stent placement (P = 0.021). More patients could be discharged on sufficient oral nutrition in the EVT+OTSC group (98% vs. 60%; P < 0.001).
Conclusions The addition of OTSCs after successful EVT is safe and has the potential to shorten leakage therapy, enabling earlier discharge along with better functional outcomes.
Randomisierte, placebokontrollierte Pilotstudie zur Kinesiotapeanlage
im ambitionierten Radsport während des Trainings – Effekte auf Nackenschmerz und
Beweglichkeit der Halswirbelsäule
Authors: Tscharnke Tim , Loudovici-Krug Dana , Best Norman 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund  Das Applizieren einer Kinesiotapeanlage (KTA) gilt als
etabliertes Verfahren, um Schmerzzuständen entgegenzuwirken. Gegenstand dieser
Pilotstudie ist die Frage, ob eine KTA dazu beitragen kann, durch Rennradfahren
induzierte Nackenschmerzen zu reduzieren und die zervikale Beweglichkeit zu
erhalten.
Materialien und Methodiken  In dieser prospektiven und einfach
verblindeten Pilotstudie wurden 33 Teilnehmende an mehrtägigen Radsportevents
mit durch das Training hervorgerufenen Nackenschmerzen und
Rotationseinschränkungen des Kopfes berücksichtigt. Die Teilnehmenden wurden in
zwei Gruppen randomisiert und erhielten eine KTA bzw. eine Placebotapeanlage vor
dem Training. Die Daten wurden jeweils zwei Tage vor und nach der
Trainingseinheit erhoben. Ermittelt wurden die Druckschmerzschwellen an drei
unterschiedlichen Lokalisationen des oberen Rückens, die Rotation der
Halswirbelsäule sowie die Schmerzwahrnehmung mittels visueller Analogskala
(VAS), derenerrechnete Differenzen den primären Endpunkt abbildeten. Der
Vergleich erfolgte mittels Tests auf Signifikanz. Zudem wurden demographische
Parameter und die Trainingsleistung in den letzten zwölf Monaten
berücksichtigt.
Ergebnisse  Signifikante Unterschiede konnten in der VAS (p<0,002)
festgestellt werden. Bezüglich der passiven Rotation der Halswirbelsäule und der
Druckschmerzschwelle konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede nachgewiesen
werden.
Schlussfolgerung  Diese Pilotstudie liefert Hinweise, die den Nutzen von
KTA zur Prävention von mechanisch induzierten Nackenschmerzen im Radsport
bestätigen könnte. Profitieren konnten in dieser Studie auch Teilnehmende aus
der Kontrollgruppe. Weitere Forschung mit dem Fokus auf Nackenschmerzen und der
Anwendung einer geeigneten Tapeanlage ist zu empfehlen, um zuverlässige Aussagen
zur Effektivität treffen zu können.
Enhancing Suicide Attempt Risk Prediction Models with Temporal Clinical Note Features
Authors: Krause Kevin J. , Davis Sharon E. , Yin Zhijun , Schafer Katherine M. , Rosenbloom Samuel Trent , Walsh Colin G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of enhancing a structured-data-based suicide attempt risk prediction model with temporal Concept Unique Identifiers (CUIs) derived from clinical notes. We aimed to examine how different temporal schemes, model types, and prediction ranges influenced the model's predictive performance. This research sought to improve our understanding of how the integration of temporal information and clinical variable transformation could enhance model predictions.
Methods We identified modeling targets using diagnostic codes for suicide attempts within 30, 90, or 365 days following a temporally grouped visit cluster. Structured data included medications, diagnoses, procedures, and demographics, whereas unstructured data consisted of terms extracted with regular expressions from clinical notes. We compared models trained only on structured data (controls) to hybrid models trained on both structured and unstructured data. We used two temporalization schemes for clinical notes: fixed 90-day windows and flexible epochs. We trained and assessed random forests and hybrid long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks using area under the precision recall curve (AUPRC) and area under the receiver operating characteristic, with additional evaluation of sensitivity and positive predictive value at 95% specificity.
Results The training set included 2,364,183 visit clusters with 2,009 30-day suicide attempts, and the testing set contained 471,936 visit clusters with 480 suicide attempts. Models trained with temporal CUIs outperformed those trained with only structured data. The window-temporalized LSTM model achieved the highest AUPRC (0.056 ± 0.013) for the 30-day prediction range. Hybrid models generally showed better performance compared with controls across most metrics.
Conclusion This study demonstrated that incorporating electronic health record-derived clinical note features enhanced suicide attempt risk prediction models, particularly with window-temporalized LSTM models. Our results underscored the critical value of unstructured data in suicidality prediction, aligning with previous findings. Future research should focus on integrating more sophisticated methods to continue improving prediction accuracy, which will enhance the effectiveness of future intervention.
Assessment of Bond Strength of Different Bonding Systems to Eroded Dentin Using Sonic Activation: In Vitro Study
Authors: Mohammad Mustafa H. , Thyab Samer A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective Bonding to dentin is a great challenge, and erosion makes it difficult. This study evaluated the effect of sonic agitation on bond strength to eroded dentin using total etch (TE) and self-etch (SE) adhesive systems.
Material and Methods A 96-sound human maxillary premolar teeth were prepared to obtain a flat dentin surface, randomly divided into two groups of 48 teeth each. One group was erosive demineralized with 0.05-M citric acid solution to produce an erodedlike dentin surface using de- and remineralization cycles, and the other group was considered a control with no erosive treatment. Each group was bonded with two different bonding strategies, TE (Single Bond 2) and SE (AdheSE One F). Each bonding system was applied with and without sonic activation, and the effect of bond agitation on shear bond strength (SBS) was tested after the application of composite to bonded dentin surface under shear load (0.5 mm/min). Two samples from each group were randomly selected for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation of the hybrid layer quality. An independent sample t-test was used to assess the effect of erosion, activation, and adhesive type on the SBS. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Result Concerning dentin substrate type, eroded dentin has lower SBS mean values than sound dentin, although it was not significant. Regarding the bonding strategy, TE produced higher SBS values than the SE bonding strategy; it was significant only in sound dentin; despite the bonding strategy and the substrate dentin type, sonic activation produced a significant rise in SBS values except when the SE bonding strategy was applied to eroded dentin where the rise was of no significant value (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Sonic agitation effectively improves the SBS value of composite bonded to eroded and sound dentin in both TE and SE strategies.
The womb as a wild mother beast
Authors: Cohen-Hanegbi Naama , Erez Guy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article traces the roots of a metaphor that compares the aching womb to a forest or wild beast. A close examination of the metaphor, which appears in a chapter on uterine pains in Gilbert of England’sCompendium medicinae,opens a window into ideas that circulated in twelfth- and thirteenth-century Latin thought about human and animal maternal affection. After mapping out the medical tradition in which this singular metaphor appears, we turn to bestiaries, encyclopedias, literature, biblical commentaries, and sermons to situate this metaphor in a broader cultural context. By awakening the metaphor of the wild beast/womb, we identify a notion of embodied motherly love that circulated in medieval learned Latin Europe. These findings, in turn, shed new light on the role of animal-human discourse during the period, and reveal a compassionate approach to miscarriage and loss within medieval medicine.
Simulating temperature and tautomeric effects for vibrationally resolved XPS of biomolecules: Combining time-dependent and time-independent approaches to fingerprint carbonyl groups
Authors: Wei Minrui , Zuo Junxiang , Tian Guangjun , Hua Weijie 
Published: September 2024

Carbonyl groups (C=O) play crucial roles in the photophysics and photochemistry of biological systems. O1s x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy allows for targeted investigation of the C=O group, and the coupling between C=O vibration and O1s ionization is reflected in the fine structures. To elucidate its characteristic vibronic features, systematic Franck–Condon simulations were conducted for six common biomolecules, including three purines (xanthine, caffeine, and hypoxanthine) and three pyrimidines (thymine, 5F-uracil, and uracil). The complexity of simulation for these biomolecules lies in accounting for temperature effects and potential tautomeric variations. We combined the time-dependent and time-independent methods to efficiently account for the temperature effects and to provide explicit assignments, respectively. For hypoxanthine, the tautomeric effect was considered by incorporating the Boltzmann population ratios of two tautomers. The simulations demonstrated good agreement with experimental spectra, enabling differentiation of two types of carbonyl oxygens with subtle local structural differences, positioned between two nitrogens (O1) or between one carbon and one nitrogen (O2). The analysis provided insights into the coupling between C=O vibration and O1s ionization, consistently showing an elongation of the C=O bond length (by 0.08–0.09 Å) upon O1s ionization.
Worldvolume fermions as baryons in holographic quantum chromodynamics with instantons
Authors: Li Si-wen , Li Hao-qian , Zhang Yi-peng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigated worldvolume fermions on the flavor brane in the D0–D4/D8 model, which is holographically equivalent to four-dimensional quantum chromodynamics with instantons or equivalently with a theta angle. The action involving the worldvolume fermions was obtained by the T-duality rules in string theory, and we accordingly derived their effective five-dimensional and canonical four-dimensional forms by using the systematic dimensional reduction and decomposition of the spinor. Subsequently, we used the AdS/CFT dictionary to evaluate the two-point correlation function as the spectral function for the worldvolume fermions and interpreted the fermions as baryons by analyzing their quantum number with the baryon vertex in holography. In this sense, the interacted action involving the worldvolume fermions and gauge field on the flavor brane was finally derived in holography, which describes the various interactions of mesons and baryons with instantons in the large-N limit. Therefore, this study provides a holographic picture to describe baryons and their interactions based on string theory, particularly in the presence of instantons or a theta angle.
Effective spin dynamics of spin-orbit coupled matter-wave solitons in optical lattices
Authors: Dey Kajal Krishna , Sekh Golam Ali 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We consider matter–wave solitons in spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensates embedded in an optical lattice and study the dynamics of the soliton within the framework of Gross–Pitaevskii equations. We express spin components of the soliton pair in terms of nonlinear Bloch equations and investigate the effective spin dynamics. It is seen that the effective magnetic field that appears in the Bloch equation is affected by optical lattices, and thus the optical lattice influences the precessional frequency of the spin components. We make use of numerical approaches to investigate the dynamical behavior of density profiles and center-of-mass of the soliton pair in the presence of the optical lattice. It is shown that the spin density is periodically varying due to flipping of spinors between the two states. The amplitude of spin-flipping oscillation increases with lattice strength. We find that the system can also exhibit interesting nonlinear behavior for chosen values of parameters. We present a fixed point analysis to study the effects of optical lattices on the nonlinear dynamics of the spin components. It is seen that the optical lattice can act as a control parameter to change the dynamical behavior of the spin components from periodic to chaotic.