bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural solutions for water management of the future: freshwater protected areas at the 6th World Parks Congress
Authors: Dudley Nigel , Harrison Ian J. , Kettunen Marianne , Madgwick Jane , Mauerhofer Volker 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Freshwater biodiversity continues to decline. Protected areas are recognized as critical tools in its conservation.
Concurrently, despite global efforts to ensure water supplies, billions of people remain without access to pure water. Conversely, flooding kills tens of thousands of people each year.
While designated primarily for nature conservation, protected areas supply a range of other ecosystem services to human society. The natural infrastructure they protect should be seen as a key component of water security and improved conservation of ecosystems, and recognized and invested in as a critical tool for water provision and regulation in the landscape.
At the 2014 World Parks Congress delegates identified actions needed to maximize the potential of protected areas to contribute to water services:

Knowledge and capacity building: strengthening technical expertise and capacity building with respect to the role of protected areas in water security.

Valuation: to drive positive change in protected area management.

Policy frameworks: covering legal, institutional, economic and social factors that produce a good synergy between protected area management and water security.

Pricing policy: integrating all the information from valuation of the role of protected areas in terms of water supply, regulation and quality.

Water security: considering natural infrastructure as a key investment in addressing water related risks and a legitimate component of water security strategies.

Partnerships: strengthening these across sectors with a wider group of stakeholders to promote the conservation and management of freshwater ecosystems in protected areas.

Learning lessons from successful water management: by identifying knowledge requirements for legal, institutional, economic and social factors that synergize protected area management and water security management.

None of these steps is technically impossible. Providing the right mixture of policies, legislation, economic and social approaches remains the main challenge for their achievement.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Analysis of Morphometric Qualities of Bulbus Oculi in Cataract Patients: A Comparative Biometric Study
Authors: Atesoglu Sibel , Senol Deniz , Balsak Selahattin , Alakus Mehmet Fuat , Ozbag Davut , Dag Umut 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTCataract is considered to be the primary reason for curable blindness that is caused by progressive loss of lens transparency and affects millions of people around the world. This study aims to analyze the changes in morphometric qualities of bulbus oculi (BO) as well as its morphometric measurements such as anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), vitreous length (VL), axial length (AL), etc. depending on age and gender in cataract patients through comparison with healthy eyes. 200 eyes with cataract were separately analyzed in five different categories of ages for males and females at the ages of 40–89. Biometric measurements of a total of 128 eyes (64 males and 64 females) were used as the control group. The study revealed a strong negative relation between age and ACD and a strong positive relation between age and LT in males and females for healthy eyes and eyes with cataract (P < 0.05). No significant relation was found for VL and AL in either gender (P > 0.05). A significant decrease was observed in ACD with aging while a positive correlation with age was detected in LT. We believe that the data obtained from this study will serve as a guide for BO interventions, diagnose and treatment stages and training of physician assistants. Anat Rec, 299:1308–1312, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Derivatizing Tribenzothiophene‐Fused Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes with Tunable Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Liu Yi , Marszalek Tomasz , Müllen Klaus , Pisula Wojciech , Feng Xinliang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA series of trisbenzothieno[1,2:7,8:13,14]hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes were synthesized and characterized by a combination of NMR, 2D NMR, MALDI‐TOF MS, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and 2D‐WAXS measurement. By structural modulation like decoration of electro‐donating alkoxyl chain, and conversion from an electron‐rich thiophene ring into an electron‐poor thiophene‐S,S‐dioxide moiety, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of the hexabenzocoronenes derivatives can be effectively tuned which is further verified by the DFT calculations and cyclic voltammetry.
Chemical spots and oscillatory diffusion modes in magnetic stars
Authors: Urpin V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe stars of the middle main sequence often have spot‐like chemical structures at their surfaces. We consider diffusion caused by electric currents and argue that such current‐driven diffusion can form chemical inhomogeneities in a plasma. The considered mechanism can contribute to a formation of element spots in Hg‐Mn and Ap‐stars. Due to the Hall effect, diffusion in the presence of electric currents can be accompanied by the propagation of a particular type of magnetohydrodynamic modes in which only the impurity number density oscillates. Such modes exist if the magnetic pressure is much greater than the gas pressure and can be the reason for variations of the abundance peculiarities in stars. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cyclic variations of the period and luminosity of SV Camelopardalis
Authors: Manzoori D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNew standardized V ‐band light curves (LCs) for the eclipsing binary SV Cam have been modeled using the PHOEBE program (v. 0.31a). Absolute parameters of the stellar components were then determined, enabling them to be positioned on the mass‐radius diagram. Analysis of eclipse minima timing data (O – C diagrams) indicated two cyclic periods of 48.0 and 23.3 yr. These cyclic variations of the orbital period are interpreted in terms of motion of a third body around the system and magnetic activity cycle modulating the orbital period of SV Cam via the Applegate (1992) mechanism. The use of the Applegate model for SV Cam has been checked by examining the long term brightness variation and calculating some important parameters of this system. The results of these calculations favor the modulation of the orbital period by the Applegate mechanism. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A novel 2q14.1q14.3 deletion involving GLI2 and RNU4ATAC genes associated with partial corpus callosum agenesis and severe intrauterine growth retardation
Authors: Goumy Carole , Gay‐Bellile Mathilde , Salaun Gaelle , Kemeny Stephan , Eymard‐Pierre Eleonore , Biard Marie , Pebrel‐Richard Celine , Vanlieferinghen Philippe , Francannet Christine , Tchirkov Andrei , Laurichesse Helene , Rouzade Charles , Gouas Laetitia , Vago Philippe 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundMicrodeletions encompassing chromosome bands 2q14.1q14.3 are rare. To date, eight reports of relatively large deletions of this region (∼20 Mb) but only two small deletions (<6 Mb) have been reported. These deletions can cause a variable phenotype depending on the size and location of the deletion. Cognitive disability, facial dysmorphism, and postnatal growth retardation are the most common phenotypic features.CaseWe report on a novel 5.8 Mb deletion of 2q14.1q14.3 identified by array comparative genomic hybridization in a fetus with severe intrauterine growth retardation and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. The deletion contained 24 coding genes including STEAP3, GLI2, and RNU4ATAC and was inherited from the mild affected mother. A sibling developmental delay and similar dysmorphic facial features was found to have inherited the same deletion.ConclusionThis case emphasizes the variable expressivity of the 2q14 microdeletion and reinforces the hypothesis that agenesis of corpus callosum, microcephaly, developmental delay, and distinctive craniofacial features may be part of the phenotypic spectrum characterizing the affected patients. We suggest that GLI2 is a dosage‐sensitive gene that may be responsible for the agenesis of corpus callosum observed in the proband. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:793–797, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large‐scale expansion of human skin‐derived precursor cells (hSKPs) in stirred suspension bioreactors
Authors: Surrao Denver C. , Boon Kathryn , Borys Breanna , Sinha Sarthak , Kumar Ranjan , Biernaskie Jeff , Kallos Michael S. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTHuman skin‐derived precursor cells (hSKPs) are multipotent adult stem cells found in the dermis of human skin. Incorporation of hSKPs into split‐thickness skin grafts (STSGs), the current gold standard to treat severe burns or tissue resections, has been proposed as a treatment option to enhance skin wound healing and tissue function. For this approach to be clinically viable substantial quantities of hSKPs are required, which is the rate‐limiting step, as only a few thousand hSKPs can be isolated from an autologous skin biopsy without causing donor site morbidity. In order to produce sufficient quantities of clinically viable cells, we have developed a bioprocess capable of expanding hSKPs as aggregates in stirred suspension bioreactors (SSBs). In this study, we found hSKPs from adult donors to expand significantly more (P < 0.05) at 60 rpm in SSBs than in static cultures. Furthermore, the utility of the SSBs, at 60 rpm is demonstrated by serial passaging of hSKPs from a small starting population, which can be isolated from an autologous skin biopsy without causing donor site morbidity. At 60 rpm, aggregates were markedly smaller and did not experience oxygen diffusional limitations, as seen in hSKPs cultured at 40 rpm. While hSKPs also grew at 80 rpm (0.74 Pa) and 100 rpm (1 Pa), they produced smaller aggregates due to high shear stress. The pH of the media in all the SSBs was closer to biological conditions and significantly different (P < 0.05) from static cultures, which recorded acidic pH conditions. The nutrient concentrations of the media in all the SSBs and static cultures did not drop below acceptable limits. Furthermore, there was no significant build‐up of waste products to limit hSKP expansion in the SSBs. In addition, hSKP markers were maintained in the 60 rpm SSB as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. This method of growing hSKPs in a batch culture at 60 rpm in a SSB represents an important first step in developing an automated bioprocess to produce substantial numbers of clinically viable hSKPs aimed at regenerating the dermis to improve healing of severe skin wounds. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2725–2738. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The anterior versus posterior hippocampal oscillations debate in human spatial navigation: evidence from an electrocorticographic case study
Authors: Duarte Isabel C. , Castelhano João , Sales Francisco , Castelo‐Branco Miguel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionHippocampal oscillations have been regularly described as playing a dominant role in spatial memory and navigation in rodents. In humans, the relative role of anterior versus posterior rhythms during navigational memory is not established.MethodsHere, we tested this hypothesis using direct brain ECoG recordings in the anterior and posterior hippocampus of a patient, in a navigational task requiring spatial memory. We assessed multiple oscillatory bands during encoding and retrieval phases.ResultsWe found navigation related 1–3.5 Hz activity during retrieval, both in the anterior and posterior hippocampus. Activity between 4 and 8 Hz was identified during both encoding and retrieval, only in the anterior hippocampus.ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with the view that an anterior/posterior functional gradient is present in the hippocampus, and involves two distinct neuronal networks, supporting either encoding or retrieval processes. Although this is a single case scenario, these findings suggest that neural oscillations during spatial navigation do vary across hippocampal subregions, as a function of encoding versus retrieval processes during the mnemonic process. In this single case study, the results point to the presence of a dual involvement of multiple frequency bands across hippocampal subregions during encoding and retrieval. Although these results need generalization, they provide a new perspective on distinct physiological properties of the anterior and posterior hippocampus in human spatial navigation during encoding and retrieval.
Long‐term acclimatization to high‐altitude hypoxia modifies interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity in the adult brain
Authors: Chen Ji , Li Jinqiang , Han Qiaoqing , Lin Jianzhong , Yang Tianhe , Chen Ziqian , Zhang Jiaxing 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundStructural and functional networks can be reorganized to adjust to environmental pressures and physiologic changes in the adult brain, but such processes remain unclear in prolonged adaptation to high‐altitude (HA) hypoxia. This study aimed to characterize the interhemispheric functionally and structurally coupled modifications in the brains of adult HA immigrants.MethodsWe performed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in 16 adults who had immigrated to the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (2300–4400 m) for 2 years and in 16 age‐matched sea‐level (SL) controls. A recently validated approach of voxel‐mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) was employed to examine the interhemispheric resting‐state functional connectivity. Areas showing changed VMHC in HA immigrants were selected as regions of interest for follow‐up DTI tractography analysis. The fiber parameters of fractional anisotropy and fiber length were obtained. Cognitive and physiological assessments were made and correlated with the resulting image metrics.ResultsCompared with SL controls, VMHC in the bilateral visual cortex was significantly increased in HA immigrants. The mean VMHC value extracted within the visual cortex was positively correlated with hemoglobin concentration. Moreover, the path length of the commissural fibers connecting homotopic visual areas was increased in HA immigrants, covarying positively with VMHC.ConclusionsThese observations are the first to demonstrate interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity resilience in the adult brain after prolonged HA acclimatization independent of inherited and developmental effects, and the coupled modifications in the bilateral visual cortex indicate important neural compensatory mechanisms underlying visual dysfunction in physiologically well‐acclimatized HA immigrants. The study of human central adaptation to extreme environments promotes the understanding of our brain's capacity for survival.
Structural Insights into Conformation Differences between DNA/TNA and RNA/TNA Chimeric Duplexes
Authors: Anosova Irina , Kowal Ewa A. , Sisco Nicholas J. , Sau Sujay , Liao Jen‐yu , Bala Saikat , Rozners Eriks , Egli Martin , Chaput John C. , Van Horn Wade D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThreose nucleic acid (TNA) is an artificial genetic polymer capable of heredity and evolution, and is studied in the context of RNA chemical etiology. It has a four‐carbon threose backbone in place of the five‐carbon ribose of natural nucleic acids, yet forms stable antiparallel complementary Watson–Crick homoduplexes and heteroduplexes with DNA and RNA. TNA base‐pairs more favorably with RNA than with DNA but the reason is unknown. Here, we employed NMR, ITC, UV, and CD to probe the structural and dynamic properties of heteroduplexes of RNA/TNA and DNA/TNA. The results indicate that TNA templates the structure of heteroduplexes, thereby forcing an A‐like helical geometry. NMR measurement of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for individual base pair opening events reveal unexpected asymmetric “breathing” fluctuations of the DNA/TNA helix. The results suggest that DNA is unable to fully adapt to the conformational constraints of the rigid TNA backbone and that nucleic acid breathing dynamics are determined from both backbone and base contributions.
Base‐Free Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes Catalyzed by Micro‐Mesoporous Iron Oxide
Authors: Datta Kasibhatta J. , Rathi Anuj K. , Gawande Manoj B. , Ranc Vaclav , Zoppellaro Giorgio , Varma Rajender S. , Zboril Radek 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn efficient and practical protocol for the transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes was developed, which uses flower‐shaped micro‐mesoporous iron oxide (MMIO) with formic acid as the reducing agent and tris[(2‐diphenylphosphino)‐ethyl]phosphine as the ligand in the absence of an additional base. The recyclable catalytic system enables the reduction of the nitro group in a broad range of substrates to yield valuable amines and shows a high tolerance to sensitive functional groups.
Mechanism and Origins of Ligand‐Controlled Selectivity of Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Cycloadditions of Vinylaziridines with Alkynes
Authors: Zhang Xinwen , Zou Hongyan , Huang Genping 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this report, the mechanism of the rhodium‐catalyzed intermolecular cycloaddition of vinylaziridines with alkynes is investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. The calculations show that the reaction is initiated by a C−N oxidative addition to form the Rh–allyl complex, from which the migratory insertion of the alkyne into the Rh−N bond was found to take place in a 1,2‐fashion. The subsequent competing direct C−C reductive elimination and alkenyl isomerization/ C−C reductive elimination led to the [3+2] and [5+2] cycloadditions, respectively. The experimentally observed ligand‐controlled selectivity is reproduced quite well by the calculations. Importantly, it turns out that the steric repulsion between the ligand and the alkenyl moiety has a profound impact on the direct C−C reductive elimination and the alkenyl isomerization, which enables the selectivity switch between the [3+2] and [5+2] cycloaddition upon change of ligand.
Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide Nanofibers with a Significantly Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Ghosh Monoj , Lohrasbi Mehdi , Chuang Steven S. C. , Jana Sadhan C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMesoporous TiO2 nanofibers with controlled diameter, crystal size, and anatase versus rutile crystal structures are produced by calcination at 500–700 °C of precursor nanofibers of polyvinylpyrrolidone and titanium isopropoxide, obtained from a scalable gas jet fiber spinning process. These TiO2 nanofibers are used in the photocatalytic oxidation of gas‐phase ethanol at room temperature on exposure to UV irradiation. The experimental trends are analyzed using electron–hole (e‐h) charge recombination inferred from high‐intensity photoluminescence emission spectra, specific surface area, crystallinity, and the proportions of anatase and rutile phases. The nanofibers show a photocatalytic activity that is up to an order of magnitude higher than that of commercial‐grade P25 TiO2 nanoparticles because of slower e‐h recombination phenomena in the former. The results show that ethanol undergoes complete oxidation into CO2 and H2O on the nanofibers without the accumulation of the intermediate products acetaldehyde and formic acid.
Lithium–Oxygen Cells: An Analytical Model to Explain Key Features in the Discharge Voltage Profiles
Authors: Rinaldi Ali , Wijaya Olivia , Hoster Harry 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLithium–oxygen (Li–O2) cells are popular because of their potentially high energy density. A characteristic fingerprint of a given cell is the voltage profile during constant‐current discharge. We suggest that the typical initial dip and the following increase of the voltage result from a temporary increase and slow decrease in the concentration of dissolved superoxide, respectively, feeding into the Nernst equation. The steady‐state superoxide concentration decreases as the surface area of the solid precipitation product (Li2O2) increases. Importantly, these products bury the electrochemically active carbon surface. Assuming that the electrochemical step only occurs on bare carbon, the Tafel equation provides an expression for the increasing overpotential as a result of the shrinking effective electrode area. This boils the discharge voltage profile down to the sum of two logarithms, grasping all relevant features in the recorded discharge voltage profiles.
Development and Characterization of High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Cells based on Layered Oxide and Hard Carbon
Authors: Keller Marlou , Vaalma Christoph , Buchholz Daniel , Passerini Stefano 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by members of the “Electrochemistry for Batteries” group at the Helmholtz Institute Ulm (Germany). The image exemplifies the use of sodium‐ion cells with good overall electrochemical performance and their successful application in the power grid of the future. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201600152.
Synthesis and Metalation of Doubly o‐Phenylene‐Bridged Cyclic Bis(dipyrrin)s with Highly Bent Skeleton of Dibenzoporphyrin(2.1.2.1)
Authors: Kuzuhara Daiki , Furukawa Wataru , Kitashiro Aya , Aratani Naoki , Yamada Hiroko 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFacile synthesis of dibenzoporphyrins(2.1.2.1) has been successfully reported by the simple condensation reaction of o‐dipyrrolylbenzene with various aldehydes in the presence of a Lewis acid. This reaction enables the preparation of various dibenzoporphyrin(2.1.2.1) derivatives with p‐substituted phenyl groups, five‐membered heterocycles, and ethynyl groups at the meso‐positions. Dibenzoporphyrins(2.1.2.1) consist of two dipyrrin units that are connected by o‐phenylene bridges, which adopt highly bent saddle‐shaped structures; this was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. We found that dibenzoporphyrin(2.1.2.1) can be described as a 20π antiaromatic conjugated system, but practically, it is not an antiaromatic macrocycle, which we revealed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The redox potentials had good correlations with Hammett substituent constant (σp) of the substituents at the meso‐positions. The free‐base dibenzoporphyrin(2.1.2.1) was able to form the metal complexes with nickel(II), copper(II), palladium(II), platinum(II), and tin(IV) ions. These results suggested that dibenzoporphyrin(2.1.2.1) derivatives can be utilized as novel macrocyclic dianionic tetradentate ligands for various metal ions to give complexes with varying optical and electrochemical properties.