bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression Profiles Suggest Iron Transport Pathway in the Lactating Human Epithelial Cell
Authors: Cai Chenxi , Eck Peter , Friel James K. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:The molecular background of iron excretion into breast milk has not been determined in humans. We determined the expression of known iron transporters in mRNA extracted from human milk fat globules to deduce which known transporters are responsible for iron excretion into human milk.Methods:The expression of iron transporters in mRNA from human milk fat globules and mouse mammary epithelial cell lines was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results:The expression of the transferrin receptor 1 (TFRC), divalent metal transporter 1 (SLC11A2), transferrin (TF), and lactoferrin (LTF) was confirmed in RNA isolated from the human milk fat globule. Similar expression was observed in the mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11 in resting and lactating phenotypes. No iron export protein could be determined in the RNA isolated from fat globules in human breast milk and a human mammary epithelial cell line.Conclusions:The lack of iron exporters in the human mammary epithelia, in conjunction with the presence of lactoferrin suggests that transmembrane transport is not a major route of iron excretion into human milk.
Splanchnic Oxygenation at First Enteral Feeding in Preterm Infants
Authors: Corvaglia Luigi , Martini Silvia , Battistini Barbara , Rucci Paola , Faldella Giacomo , Aceti Arianna 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTPreterm infants are at risk of developing gastrointestinal complications such as feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides continuous monitoring of abdominal oxygenation (ArSO2) and could help to predict gastrointestinal complications in preterm neonates. In this prospective observational study, ArSO2 patterns at first enteral feed were evaluated by NIRS in 61 clinically stable preterm infants. Splanchnic‐cerebral oxygenation ratio, which is a marker of gut hypoxia, was also calculated. ArSO2 and splanchnic‐cerebral oxygenation ratio were significantly lower both at baseline and after feeding administration in infants who later developed feeding intolerance (n = 23). NIRS could help the early prediction of gastrointestinal complications in high‐risk preterm infants.
Creating Individualized Symptom Management Goals and Strategies for Cancer-Related Fatigue for Patients With Recurrent Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Hagan Teresa L. , Arida Janet A. , Hughes Susan H. , Donovan Heidi S. 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common symptoms among women with recurrent ovarian cancer, yet it remains extremely difficult to manage. Symptom management typically requires patients to set goals and strategies to manage their CRF, but little is known about how to create individualized CRF symptom management goals and strategies.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to describe cancer patients’ goals and strategies for managing CRF along with their process of individualizing both.

Methods:
This study is a qualitative analysis with supportive quantitative description of a Web-based symptom management randomized clinical trial, the WRITE (Written Representational Intervention to Ease) Symptoms study. Researchers conducted a content analysis on 47 participants’ CRF symptom care plans to identify common themes in participants’ goals, categorize strategies, and describe the individualization process.

Results:
Four general themes were identified among participants’ CRF goals: (1) enjoying time with friends and family, (2) doing the things I enjoy, (3) having energy to be physically active, and (4) keeping up with what I need to do. Cancer-related fatigue strategies were categorized into 13 groups including conserving energy, increasing activity, and talking with healthcare providers. A multistep individualization process resulted in personally meaningful strategies.

Conclusions:
The process by which participants individualized their CRF strategies consisted of identifying, confirming, testing, and evaluating different CRF strategies and resulted in refined, specific, and individualized strategies intended to eventually ensure participants achieve their goal.

Implications for Practice:
Clinicians can assist patients in individualizing their CRF goals and strategies. Individualization of CRF goals and strategies assists patients in visualizing how improving CRF will impact their life.
Interventions for the Treatment of Aromatase Inhibitor–Associated Arthralgia in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Yang Gee Su , Kim Hee Jun , Griffith Kathleen A. , Zhu Shijun , Dorsey Susan G. , Renn Cynthia L. 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been established as successful adjuvant therapy for breast cancer survivors. Unfortunately, nearly half of women taking AIs report joint pain, AI-associated arthralgia (AIA). Aromatase inhibitor–associated arthralgia often results in noncompliance, which could lead to cancer recurrence.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to identify current pain management of AIA and to evaluate the study quality and effects of interventions.

Methods:
Nineteen articles published from 2000 to August 2015 were identified using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and additional records. Study quality was evaluated by the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Meta-analysis was used to obtain effect sizes of interventions on pain and subgroups.

Results:
Five types of interventions emerged: pharmacological approaches, acupuncture, nutritional supplementation, relaxation techniques, and physical exercise. Six studies were strong, 8 were moderate, and 5 were weak in quality. The overall effect size of the interventions on pain was large; pharmacological approaches, acupuncture, and relaxation techniques showed moderate to large effects on pain, whereas nutritional supplementation and physical exercise had no significant effects on it.

Conclusion:
The evidence was based on a body of research with moderate study quality. Although the overall effect of interventions is large, further investigation into the influence of nutrition and physical exercise is needed to better discern their potential for pain management.

Implication for Practice:
Oncology nurses may be able to implement such validated interventions as pain management modalities to mitigate the symptoms so that breast cancer survivors remain compliant with AIA therapy.
Continuing Bonds and Bereavement Adjustment Among Bereaved Mainland Chinese
Authors: Yu Wei , He Li , Xu Wei , Wang Jianping , Prigerson Holly Gwen 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Given the important role of continuing bonds (CBs) in bereavement adjustment, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between CBs and bereavement adjustment and identify influences on CB among bereaved mainland Chinese. The Continuing Bonds Scale, Prolonged Grief Questionnaire 13, and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory were administered to 273 bereaved participants. Findings in the current study suggest psychometric validity of the Continuing Bonds Scale in a mainland Chinese sample and confirm that externalized CB is positively associated with severity of grief symptoms, and internalized CB is positively associated with the respondent degree of posttraumatic growth and identifies influences on externalized CB and internalized CB. These findings clarify the complex influence of CB in grieving process and highlight the need of incorporating CB into grief counseling.
Safety and Acceptability of the PrePex Device When Used in Routine Male Circumcision Service Delivery During Active Surveillance in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mavhu Webster , Hatzold Karin , Ncube Getrude , Xaba Sinokuthemba , Madidi Ngonidzashe , Keatinge Jo , Dhodho Efison , Samkange Christopher A. , Tshimanga Mufuta , Mangwiro Tonderayi , Mugurungi Owen , Njeuhmeli Emmanuel , Cowan Frances M. 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Male circumcision devices have the potential to accelerate voluntary medical male circumcision roll-out, with PrePex being one promising device. Here, we present findings on safety and acceptability from active surveillance of the implementation of PrePex among 1000 males circumcised in Zimbabwe.

Methods:
The first 1000 men consecutively circumcised using PrePex during routine service delivery were actively followed up. Outcome measures included PrePex uptake, attendance for postcircumcision visits, and adverse events (AEs). A survey was conducted among 500 consecutive active surveillance clients to assess acceptability and satisfaction with PrePex.

Results:
A total of 2156 men aged 18 years or older were circumcised across the 6 PrePex active surveillance sites. Of these, 1000 (46.4%) were circumcised using PrePex. Among them, 4 (0.4%) self-removals that required surgery (severe AEs) were observed. Six (0.6%) removals by providers (moderate AEs) did not require surgery. A further 280 (28%) AEs were mild or moderate pain during device removal. There were also 12 (1.2%) moderate AEs unrelated to pain. All AEs resolved without sequelae. There was high adherence to follow-up appointments, with 97.7% of clients attending the scheduled day 7 visit. Acceptability of PrePex was high among survey participants, 93% indicated willingness to recommend the device to peers. Of note, 95.8% of respondents reported experiencing pain when the device was being removed. Additionally, 85.2% reported experiencing odor while wearing the device or during removal.

Conclusions:
Active surveillance of the first 1000 men circumcised using PrePex suggests that the device is both safe and acceptable when used in routine service delivery.
Factors Associated With Delayed Healing in a Study of the PrePex Device for Adult Male Circumcision in Kenya
Authors: Feldblum Paul J. , Odoyo-June Elijah , Bailey Robert C. , Jou Lai Jaim , Weiner Debra , Combes Stephanie , Hart Catherine , Fischer Shelly , Obiero Walter , Cherutich Peter 
Published: June 2016

Objectives:
To explore factors associated with healing requiring more than 6 weeks after placement of the PrePex device for adult medical male circumcision.

Methods:
We enrolled 427 men ages 18–49 years in an observational study of PrePex at 1 urban and 2 peripheral clinics in western Kenya. Participants were scheduled for device removal at day 7 and a follow-up visit at day 42 (allowable range, 40–44) at which the provider recorded wound status, with complete healing defined as a dry wound without any scab, later confirmed by site investigator review of digital penile photographs. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression to explore associations between selected demographic, surgical, and follow-up factors and delayed healing (not healed by day 42 visit).

Results:
Of the 427 men, 341 completing a day 42 visit with physical examination and recorded healing status were included. Fifty-four percent of included men were healed by day 42 visit. Factors associated with delayed healing in univariate analysis and remaining significant in the multivariate analysis were as follows: age 25 years or older [odds ratio (OR): 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4 to 2.4], an adverse event by day 44 (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.0), and severe pain during device removal (protective association: OR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5 to 0.99).

Conclusions:
Older age (25+ years), occurrence of an adverse event, and lesser self-reported pain at device removal were associated with delayed wound healing. If confirmed by larger surveillance studies, these results should be incorporated into the counseling given to male circumcision clients.
Innovative Methods of Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention—Getting the Right Evidence
Authors: Samuelson Julia , Hargreave Timothy , Ridzon Renee , Farley Tim 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:
World Health Organization recommends that countries with hyperendemic and generalized HIV epidemics implement voluntary medical male circumcision programs for HIV prevention. Innovative methods of male circumcision including devices have the potential to simplify the procedure, reduce time and cost, increase client acceptability, enhance safety, and expand the numbers of providers who may perform circumcision. We describe work led by World Health Organization and supported by global partners to define a pathway for the evaluation of efficacy and safety of male circumcision devices, to set priority criteria, and to establish a process to guide the use of devices in publicly funded voluntary medical male circumcision programs for HIV prevention. A device classification scheme, an expert Technical Advisory Group on Innovations in Male Circumcision, and a formal prequalification program have also guided considerations on safe use of devices. A rigorous approach was deemed appropriate given the intervention is for use among healthy men for public health purposes. The pathway and processes led to coordinated research, better standardization in research outcomes, and guidance that informed the research, introduction and implementation phases. The lessons learnt from this case study can inform evaluation and use of future public health innovations.
Safety Profile of PrePex Male Circumcision Device and Client Satisfaction With Adolescent Males Aged 13–17 Years in Zimbabwe
Authors: Tshimanga Mafuta , Hatzold Karin , Mugurungi Owen , Mangwiro Tonderayi , Ncube Getrude , Xaba Sinokuthemba , Chatikobo Pesanai , Gundidza Patricia , Samkange Christopher , Dhlamini Roy , Murwira Munyaradzi , Gwinji Gerald 
Published: June 2016

Background:
The safety and efficacy of the PrePex device for voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has been demonstrated in studies in Rwanda, Uganda, and Zimbabwe, leading to the conditional prequalification of the device for use in adults. Because the majority of VMMC clients in the 14 priority countries are adolescents under 18 years, research to establish the safety and efficacy of the device for males <18 years is required.

Methods:
One-arm, prospective study included 402 adolescents, aged 13–17 years, using PrePex device between August 2013 and January 2014 at a VMMC centre in Harare. Endpoints are number and grade of adverse events associated with device circumcision, time to complete wound healing, client satisfaction with the procedure, and outcome.

Results:
The rate of medical ineligibility among adolescent males was high; 237/402 (35.9%) of study participants had to be excluded based on medical reasons. The severe/moderate adverse event rate was low at 2/402 (0.5%). No device displacements/self-removals were observed. Time to complete wound healing was shorter than in adults; 367/398 (92.2%) adolescents had completed wound healing by day 35, whereas 90% of adults had completed wound healing by day 56 as demonstrated in previous studies. Overall, adolescents were highly satisfied with the results of their circumcision.

Conclusions:
The study demonstrates that the PrePex device can be safely used in adolescents aged 13–17 years. The significant proportion of males opting for surgical circumcision and the high medical ineligibility suggest that surgical circumcision needs to be provided alongside PrePex services in programs targeting young age groups.
Brief Report: Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Investigation of Single-Dose Oral Maraviroc in the Context of HIV-1 Pre-exposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Fox Julie , Tiraboschi Juan M. , Herrera Carolina , Else Laura , Egan Deirdre , Dickinson Laura , Jackson Akil , Olejniczak Natalia , Back David , Khoo Saye , Shattock Robin , Boffito Marta 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:
To investigate the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of single-dose maraviroc 300 mg in HIV-1 exposure compartments. Maraviroc concentrations in blood, secretions (vaginal, urethral, oral, and rectal), and tissue (vaginal and rectal) were measured, and ex vivo challenge was performed in 54 healthy volunteers to study protection from HIV infection. Maraviroc Cmax occurred within 4 hours in most compartments. Concentrations from 4 to 72 hours were above intracellular (IC) IC90 in all compartments, range 15–8095 ng/mL. Mean AUC0-72 compartment-to-plasma ratios were highest in the rectum (45–819) and urethra (144) compared with the female genital tract (1.6–4.8) and saliva (0.2). No sex differences in AUC0-72 or Cmax were observed. No ex vivo protection from HIV-1BaL occurred in rectal or vaginal tissue. Despite high and sustained concentrations, single-dose maraviroc was not protective against ex vivo challenge of vaginal/rectal tissue.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and black fungus in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis without severe lymphocytopenia
Authors: de Regt Marieke J. A. , Murk Jean-Luc , Schneider-Hohendorf Tilman , Wattjes Mike P. , Hoepelman Andy I. M. , Arends Joop E. 
Published: June 2016

Introduction:
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating brain infection caused by JC polyomavirus (JCV), primarily seen in patients with severely compromised cellular immunity. Clinical presentation varies depending on the affected white matter. PML prognosis is variable and effective treatments are lacking.

Case presentation:
A 75-year-old Chinese woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and rheumatoid arthritis, treated with low-dose methotrexate and prednisolone for 2.5 years, developed a Pleurostomophora richardsiae infection of her left arm. After 6 months of treating this rare black fungus infection with voriconazole, surgery and immunosuppression discontinuation, she presented with progressive afebrile encephalopathy with right-sided hemiparesis. There were no signs of inflammation or metabolic abnormalities. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse frontal white matter lesions and a cerebrospinal fluid PCR confirmed PML due to JC virus. Severe lymphopenia was never present, and at PML diagnosis, CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts were 454 mm−3 and 277 mm−3. CD8 T-cells were able to respond to JCV VP1 peptide stimulation with TNFα secretion. Peripheral B-cell count was only 8 mm−3. Mirtazapine and Maraviroc were started, but unfortunately, she rapidly deteriorated and died 5 weeks after PML diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Although peripheral lymphocyte counts were never low and CD4 T-cell count was close to normal, the persistent black fungus infection was a hallmark of severely compromised cellular immunity. The unexpected extremely low absolute B-cell count might suggest a protective role for B-cells. The paradoxical, clinical PML onset months after immunosuppressive discontinuation suggests that it was only discovered in the context of an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
Extensive genetic differentiation between homomorphic sex chromosomes in the mosquito vector,Aedes aegypti
Authors: Fontaine Albin , Filipović Igor , Fansiri Thanyalak , Hoffmann Ary A. , Cheng Changde , Kirkpatrick Mark , Rašić Gordana , Lambrechts Louis 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of sex-determination systems are of particular interest in insect vectors of human pathogens like mosquitoes because novel control strategies aim to convert pathogen-transmitting females into non-biting males, or rely on accurate sexing for the release of sterile males. InAedes aegypti,the main vector of dengue and Zika viruses, sex determination is governed by a dominant male-determining locus, previously thought to reside within a small, non-recombining, sex-determining region (SDR) of an otherwise homomorphic sex chromosome. Here, we provide evidence that sex chromosomes inAe. aegyptiare genetically differentiated between males and females over a region much larger than the SDR. Our linkage mapping intercrosses failed to detect recombination between X and Y chromosomes over a 123-Mbp region (40% of their physical length) containing the SDR. This region of reduced male recombination overlapped with a smaller 63-Mbp region (20% of the physical length of the sex chromosomes) displaying high male-female genetic differentiation in unrelated wild population from Brazil and Australia and in a reference laboratory strain originating from Africa. In addition, the sex-differentiated genomic region was associated with a significant excess of male-to-female heterozygosity and contained a small cluster of loci consistent with Y-specific null alleles. We demonstrate that genetic differentiation between sex chromosomes is sufficient to assign individuals to their correct sex with high accuracy. We also show how data on allele frequency differences between sexes can be used to estimate linkage disequilibrium between loci and the sex-determining locus. Our discovery of large-scale genetic differentiation between sex chromosomes inAe. aegyptilays a new foundation for mapping and population genomic studies, as well as for mosquito control strategies targeting the sex-determination pathway.
Crystal structure of a thiolase fromEscherichia coliat 1.8 Å resolution
Authors: Ithayaraja M. , Janardan N. , Wierenga Rik K. , Savithri H. S. , Murthy M. R. N. 
Published: June 2016

Thiolases catalyze the Claisen condensation of two acetyl-CoA molecules to give acetoacetyl-CoA, as well as the reverse degradative reaction. Four genes coding for thiolases or thiolase-like proteins are found in theEscherichia coligenome. In this communication, the successful cloning, purification, crystallization and structure determination at 1.8 Å resolution of a homotetramericE. colithiolase are reported. The structure ofE. colithiolase co-crystallized with acetyl-CoA at 1.9 Å resolution is also reported. As observed in other tetrameric thiolases, the presentE. colithiolase is a dimer of two tight dimers and probably functions as a biodegradative enzyme. Comparison of the structure and biochemical properties of theE. colienzyme with those of other well studied thiolases reveals certain novel features of this enzyme, such as the modification of a lysine in the dimeric interface, the possible oxidation of the catalytic Cys88 in the structure of the enzyme obtained in the presence of CoA and active-site hydration. The tetrameric enzyme also displays an interesting departure from exact 222 symmetry, which is probably related to the deformation of the tetramerization domain that stabilizes the oligomeric structure of the protein. The current study allows the identification of substrate-binding amino-acid residues and water networks at the active site and provides the structural framework required for understanding the biochemical properties as well as the physiological function of thisE. colithiolase.