bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Assessment and Machine Learning-Based Future Forecasting of Groundwater Hydro chemical Dynamics and Drawdown Variability
Authors: Maqbool Sheraz , Khan Muhammad Imran , Raza Aamir , Saddique Naeem , Saddique Qaisar , Dong Liu , Tariq Muhammad Abdur Rehman , Ghani Mubarra Tahreem , Mujahid Maha , Buttar Noman Ali 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Pakistan's groundwater resources are vital to the country's water supply, yet increasingly threatened by issues such as over-extraction, inadequate management practices, and insufficient conservation regulations. This study was conducted to examine spatiotemporal aquifer behavior, fluctuations in drawdown levels, and water quality parameters like pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Salts (TDS), Calcium, Magnesium, Total Hardness (TH), Bicarbonates and Chlorides by using geospatial techniques to address sustainable groundwater resource management needs. For future forecasting four machine learning (ML) models were used; Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Random Forest (RF). Observed data were obtained from Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) Faisalabad from year 2013 to 2023 which included 29 inline field area well stations and 25 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) well stations, and weather data from the Terra Climate dataset. Groundwater drawdown patterns and quality changes over time were analyzed by GIS-based spatial analysis by utilizing historical data to train and test predictive models for 2024-2028. The XGBoost model demonstrated exceptional performance in predicting drawdown pre-monsoon (8.35m) and post-monsoon (7.65m) until 2028 and hydro chemical quality, with an average R-squared value of 0.86, RMSE below 0.08, and MAE under 0.05 for both. The study's spatial analysis revealed significant seasonal variations, with post-monsoon increases in mineral concentrations due to intensified leaching processes and identified a concerning rise in chloride levels after 2022, linked to anthropogenic activities. These findings underscored the importance of advanced machine learning techniques, particularly XGBoost, in accurately forecasting groundwater dynamics and hydro chemical quality.
Quantification of ochratoxin A in a coffee sample utilizing an electrochemical aptasensor fabricated through encapsulation of toluidine blue within a Zn- based metal-organic framework
Authors: Amini–Nogorani Elaheh , Zare Hamid R. , Jahangiri–Dehaghani Fahime , Benvidi Ali 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Due to the widespread presence of mycotoxins and their significant impact on both health and the economy, there is a clear need for a fast and cost-effective analytical tool to measure these harmful substances. In response to this, an electrochemical aptasensor has been developed specifically for the sensitive and selective determination of ochratoxin A (OTA), one of the most important mycotoxins. The aptasensor utilizes a glassy carbon electrode that has been modified with toluidine blue (TB) encapsulated in a Zn-based metal organic framework (TB@Zn-MOF). The results demonstrate that in the presence of OTA, the peak current of the differential pulse voltammogram (DPV) related to TB oxidation is notably decreased. The changes in the oxidation peak current of TB encapsulated in Zn-MOF, both in the absence and presence of OTA, serve as an analytical signal for accurately measuring its concentration. With the proposed aptasensor, OTA can be measured within a linear concentration range of 1.0 × 10− 4 − 200.0 ng mL-1, with a detection limit of 2.1×10− 5 ng mL-1. Furthermore, this aptasensor design is suitable for measuring OTA concentration in coffee powder samples. This represents the first report to utilize TB@Zn-MOF in designing an applicable aptasensor to OTA measurement. The high porosity of the Zn-MOF allows for a large number of TB molecules to be encapsulated in its cavities, while its large surface area enables more OTA aptamers to be immobilized on the electrode surface. These two key features significantly enhance the sensitivity of the aptasensor in measuring OTA concentration.
Impact of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet on the interannual variability of the South China Sea summer monsoon onset and associated precursory thermal forcing role of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Song Chengyu , Wang Jing , Liu Yanju , Ding Yihui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) data, this study investigates the meteorological anomalies tied to the interannual variability of the South China Sea summer monsoon onset (SCSSMO), and its relationship with the change of the subtropical westerly jet position (SWJP), and the potential influence of the precursory thermal forcing over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP). The results show that during the earlier (later) SCSSMO years, there exist significant cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation anomalies over the South China Sea (SCS) and its adjoining areas, featuring enhanced (suppressed) precipitation. The earlier SCSSMO years correspond to the southward-shifted upper-level subtropical westerly jet position to the north of the SCS. This favors the occurrence of non-geostrophic southward winds in the upper troposphere, the occurrence of upper-level divergence (convergence) and low-level convergence ascending (divergence) over the SCS and its nearby areas (Yangtze River basin) on the south (north) side of the jet axis, and the strengthening of the meridional circulation anomaly with anomalous ascending over the low-latitude and descending over the middle-latitude East Asia. Further analysis suggests that the anomalous heating over the eastern TP is significantly related to the SCSSMO and the change of SWJP. When the previous first-two-pentad heating anomalies over the eastern TP are positive, an anomalous anticyclonic circulation is formed in the upper troposphere, stimulating an eastward-propagating wave train. This, in turn, generates an anomalous cyclonic circulation downstream of the TP in the upper troposphere. As a result, the subtropical upper-level westerly jet downstream of TP shifts southward, which further affected the variation of atmospheric circulation over East Asia, ultimately leading to the earlier SCSSMO.
Licensing Exam Pass Rate Disparities in Marriage and Family Therapy: Using an Analysis of Predictive Factors to Inform a More Equitable Licensing Exam Process
Authors: Lyness Kevin , Gehart Diane , Hannigan Brian , Birge Barrie , Ross Sheiketha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This article describes the findings of a study that explored potential factors that influence the pass rate for those taking marriage and family therapy (MFT) licensing exams, both the national and California exams. An online, national survey was conducted to determine factors associated with passing the MFT licensing exams. The survey included measures of test anxiety, coping strategies, perceived stress, and experience of discrimination. The demographic results included patterns of racial and age disparities similar to those reported by the Association of Social Work Boards (2022), especially for Black respondents. Specific and readily implemented recommendations for making the current exams more equitable include (a) changing the phrasing of questions, (b) clarifying and reducing the scope of the content, (c) reducing the number of questions during the 4-hour period, and (d) ensuring adequate accommodations for disabilities.
Smart Driver Assistance: Real-Time Drowsiness Detection Using CNN and Computer Vision
Authors: Thampi Lidiya Lilly , Kashyap Kanchan Lata , T Neethu C , Reddy Ariveeti Karthikeya , Khan Ibrahim Ahmed , Aswathy M A , Kumar Abhishek , Kumar Sunny 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The primary aim of this research is to identify driver drowsiness to prevent car accidents and improve road safety. This study explores and proposes potential solutions to mitigate drowsiness-related accidents and enhance overall road security by monitoring the indicators such as driver’s eye, mouth, and head movements. An algorithm has been developed to track these movements. This work includes analyzing CNN and computer vision models for eye detection, yawn detection, and head movement. The CNN models are trained by using MRL and YawDD datasets for eye and mouth tracking. In the computer vision approach, Dlib and MediaPipe library functions are used for tracking facial landmarks. In this approach also, three features namely, head & eye movements, and yawns are considered for drowsiness detection. Highest accuracy of 84.53% and 96.42% is obtained using CNN approach for MRL Eye and YawDD Dataset, respectively. Performance of the computer vision based approach is better as compared to CNN method.
Crystal structure of an AT-hook motif bound to DNA and inhibition by antikinetoplastid minor groove binders
Authors: Nué-Martínez J. Jonathan , Maturana Marta , Lagartera Laura , Gutiérrez Juan-Antonio Rodríguez , Boer Roeland , Campos J. Lourdes , Saperas Núria , Dardonville Christophe 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

High mobility group (HMG) proteins are intrinsically disordered nuclear non-histone chromosomal proteins that play an essential role in many biological processes by regulating the expression of numerous genes in eukaryote cells. HMGA proteins contain three DNA binding motifs, the “AT-hooks”, that bind preferentially to AT-rich sequences in the minor groove of B-form DNA. Understanding the interactions of AT-hook domains with DNA is very relevant from a medical point of view because HMGA proteins are involved in different conditions including cancer and parasitic diseases. We present here the first crystal structure (1.40 Å resolution) of the HMGA AT-hook 1 domain, bound to the minor groove of AT-rich DNA. The binding affinity and thermodynamics of binding were studied in solution with surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-biosensor and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments. AT-hook 1 forms an entropy-driven 2:1 complex with (TTAA)2-containing DNA with relatively slow kinetics of association/dissociation. We show that N-phenylbenzamide-derived antikinetoplastid compounds (1–3) bind strongly and specifically to the minor groove of AT-DNA and compete with AT-hook 1 for binding. These findings provide clues regarding a mode of action of DNA minor groove binding compounds that are relevant to major neglected tropical diseases such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiases.
Channel Estimator Endorsed Rate AdaptationAlgorithm for IEEE 802.11 Standards
Authors: C SMERA , J SANDEEP 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Rate adaptation is an essential mechanism in the WLAN network to enhance network performance. The latest amendments of IEEE 802.11 standards introduced a large number of rate levels. Traditional rate adaptation algorithms are inadequate to manage large rate search space and the interference created by an increasing number of devices. In this paper, a new rate adjustment approach, ChannelEstimator Endorsed Rate Adaptation (CEERA) is designed, implemented, andanalysed using a network simulation tool. This algorithm used the Block acknowledgment and RSSI effectively to identify the channel conditions. A weighted value obtained by processing these two parameters was used for rate selection. The research was simulated using NS3 for different network scenarios. Results were evident for the improved performance of the CEERA algorithm when compared with the RaCa. The result also shows that it consumes lower energy than the RaCA with improved packet delivery ratio and throughput.
MJO representation in the Community Earth System Model 2 Large Ensemble: detection, seasonality and amplitude
Authors: Henderson Gina R , Hottovy Scott , Barrett Bradford S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the leading mode of tropical intraseasonal variability in the atmosphere and impacts weather and climate, both locally in the tropics as well as globally through tropical–extratropical interactions. Various metrics have been used to classify the intensity and character of the MJO. One popular metric is the Real-time Multivariate MJO (RMM) index, which is based on an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of zonal winds at 850 hPa and 200 hPa and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). To date, many climate models have struggled to reproduce a realistic MJO RMM signal, due to issues associated with model tropical convective schemes and failure to capture the eastward propagation of the MJO circulation. In this study, we assess the seasonality and amplitude of the MJO in the CESM2 Large Ensemble version 2 (CESM2-LE) experiment. We reproduce the RMM index from model output to explore the utility of OLR versus precipitation in MJO representation. Overall, we find that the model climatologies of MJO look similar to those present in the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis (for winds) and NOAA polar-orbiting satellites (for OLR). Both OLR and precipitation are found to be good indicators of MJO activity. When considering MJO amplitude over four categories (inactive, RMM < 1.0; active, RMM > 1.0; very active, RMM > 1.5; and extremely active, RMM > 2.5) the CESM2-LE model tends produce more inactive and fewer very active MJO events. Dynamically, MJO events in the CESM2-LE model are slower to propagate and weaker than observed. This is further demonstrated by model tendencies for strong MJO events to transition to weaker events faster than observed, particularly over the Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent.
Post-harvest Quality of Red Bell Pepper: Effect of Ozonized Mist and Protective Film
Authors: Sitoe Eugénio da Piedade Edmundo , Usberti Franciane Colares Souza , Aguiar Rosa Helena , Pedro Cesar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of ozonized mist and protective film in preserving red peppers during storage. Ozonized mist was applied at 20.10 mg L⁻¹ and 2.0 L min⁻¹ for 5, 10, and 15 minutes, with and without a protective film, and compared to untreated controls and chlorine treatment. Stored at 25°C and 60% relative humidity for 21 days, peppers treated with ozonized mist exhibited significant reductions in mold and yeast counts, with the 15-minute treatment achieving reductions of 4.00 logs for molds and 4.34 logs for yeasts, surpassing chlorine treatment. The protective film effectively minimized mass loss and preserved the peppers’ commercial appearance. Importantly, the combination of ozonized mist and protective film did not significantly affect the peppers’ physico-chemical quality. These findings suggest that ozonized mist and protective film are effective for reducing post-harvest losses in bell peppers, offering practical benefits for the storage sector.
CMFF_VS：A Video Summarization Extraction Model based on Cross-modal Feature Fusion
Authors: Xin Chaoqun , Wang Mingyang , Zhao Xianhao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Video summarization aims to present the most relevant and important information in the video stream in the form of a summary. Most existing researches focus on the selection process of keyframes, determining the importance of video frames by obtaining dependency information between them. However, these works overlook the feature extraction process of video frames. In fact, rich and reliable video frame features are an important basis for determining whether video frames can be selected correctly. This article proposes a cross-modal video summarization extraction model CMFF_VS by extracting deep semantic information from video frames. CMFF_VS model utilizes the mutual enhancement of video modality and text modality to extract richer semantic information of video frames, thereby providing necessary features for the subsequent video frame selection process. To solve the alignment problem between semantic information of two modalities, CMFF_VS introduces a cross-modal attention mechanism, which utilizes the semantic correlation of modalities to achieve cross-modal semantic fusion. At the same time, CMFF_VS introduces the ASPP module to extract and fuse multi-scale semantic features of individual modalities, enriching the capture of advanced semantic information for each modality. The experimental results show that compared with the state-of-art unimodal and multimodal video summarization models, CMFF-VS achieves the best performance, indicating that the cross-modal deep feature extraction and fusion strategy proposed in CMFF-VS is reasonable and effective.
Ransomware Classification Using BTLS Algorithm and Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Wasoye Samuel , Stevens Michael , Morgan Christopher , Hughes David , Walker James 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Ransomware attacks have become one of the most severe threats in cybersecurity, causing significant financial and operational damage to organisations worldwide. The ability to accurately classify ransomware, especially in real-time, is critical to limiting the impact of these attacks, yet existing detection methods often struggle with the rapid evolution of ransomware variants. A novel approach is proposed through the integration of the Binary Transformation and Lightweight Signature (BTLS) algorithm with machine learning models, aiming to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of ransomware detection. The BTLS algorithm allows for the extraction of both static and dynamic features from ransomware samples, enabling more comprehensive analysis and classification. The experimental results demonstrate that the combined feature sets significantly improved classification accuracy, while the reduction in false positives highlights the algorithm’s practicality for real-world deployment. The proposed system offers a scalable solution capable of adapting to novel ransomware variants, addressing the limitations of traditional detection techniques and advancing the state of machine learning-driven cybersecurity solutions.
Computation of Separate Product and Ratio Exponential Estimators Under Neutrosophic Stratified Sampling: Application to Climate Data
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Patkar Vedangee Gunesh , Kulkarni Hemant , Vishwakarma Gajendra K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Within the confines of this article, we unveil a ground-breaking methodology, introducing for the first time product, product and ratio exponential estimators within the framework of neutrosophic stratified sampling an endeavour that integrates auxiliary variables. A comprehensive analysis has been executed theoretically, and through artificial and real data to assess the bias and mean square error (MSE) of these novel estimators, reaching up to the first-order approximation. Our findings unequivocally showcase the superior performance of these estimators in comparison to conventional unbiased counterparts. Additionally, our research underscores the heightened reliability inherent in neutrosophic stratified estimators when juxtaposed with classical stratified estimators.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 62D05, 62A86.
Role of Vitamins in Therapeutic and Targeting Approaches for Prostate Cancer: An Overview
Authors: Panda Pritish Kumar , Saraf Shivani , Verma Amit , Jain Ankit , Bidla Pooja Das , Raikwar Sarjana , Kumari Priyanka , Jain Sanjay K. 
Published: September 2024

:
Vitamins play a crucial role in cellular functions like cell cycling and proliferation, differentiation,
and apoptosis. These also help in the induction of cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis.
They can inhibit normal prostatic epithelial cell growth and might be helpful for the prevention of
prostate cancer (PCa). Many essential vitamins including the fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin
D, vitamin E, and vitamin K) and the water-soluble vitamins (vitamin B complexes and vitamin
C) have a huge impact on the inhibition of growth and progression of PCa. Vitamins show anticancer
properties and are involved in regulatory processes like the DNA repairing process,
which inhibit the growth of PCa. Consumption of multivitamins prevents methylation of cancer
cells and possesses an enormous potential that can be applied for the prevention as well as in the
management of PCa. They have a great role in the inhibition of different signalling pathways involved
in PCa. Moreover, they have also displayed a significant role in targeting of PCa with various
nanocarrier systems. This review encompasses the recent studies about the individual actions
of different vitamins and vitamin analogs, the combination of vitamins, and their efficient functions
in various therapeutic and targeting approaches for PCa.
Revolutionizing Skin Cancer Treatment: The Rise of PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 as Key Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Sharma Neha , Mazumder Rupa , Rai Pallavi 
Published: September 2024

:
Skin cancer is a significant health concern, affecting millions of individuals globally on
an annual basis. According to data from the World Health Organization, it stands as the most prevalent
form of cancer within the white population. Current treatments for skin cancer typically involve
a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. However, these methods often
come with drawbacks, such as side effects and potential scarring. Therefore, there is a growing
need for alternative treatments that can offer effective results with fewer adverse effects, driving
ongoing research in skin cancer therapy. The advancement of immune checkpoint inhibitors has
been facilitated by a more profound comprehension of the interplay between tumors and the immune
system, along with the regulatory mechanisms governing T-cells. As cancer treatment continues
to evolve, immunotherapy is emerging as a powerful strategy, leading to a growing interest
in the role of immunological checkpoints in skin cancer. Various types of immune checkpoints
and their expression, including PD-1, PDL-1, CTLA-4, lymphocyte activation gene 3, and B7-H3,
along with their blockers and monoclonal antibodies, have been established for various cancers.
PD-1, PDL-1, and CTLA-4 are crucial immune system regulators, acting as brakes to prevent T--
cell overactivation and potential autoimmunity. However, tumors can exploit these checkpoints to
evade immune detection. Inhibiting these immune checkpoints can enhance the body's ability to
recognize and attack cancer cells. This review focuses on the characteristics of PD-1, PDL-1, and
CTLA-4 immune checkpoints, their mechanism of action, and their role in skin cancer. Additionally,
it summarizes the ongoing clinical trials sponsored or conducted by various pharmaceutical
companies and provides insights into the latest patent data.