bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended discontinuous Galerkin methods for two‐phase flows: the spatial discretization
Authors: Kummer Florian 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis work discusses a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretization for two‐phase flows. The fluid interface is represented by a level set, and the DG approximation space is adapted such that jumps and kinks in pressure and velocity fields can be approximated sharply. This adaption of the original DG space, which can be performed ‘on‐the‐fly’ for arbitrary interface shapes, is referred to as extended discontinuous Galerkin. By combining this ansatz with a special quadrature technique, one can regain spectral convergence properties for low‐regularity solutions, which is demonstrated by numerical examples. This work focuses on the aspects of spatial discretization, and special emphasis is devoted on how to overcome problems related to quadrature, small cut cells, and condition number of linear systems. Temporal discretization will be discussed in future works. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a MALDI MS‐based platform for early detection of acute kidney injury
Authors: Carrick Emma , Vanmassenhove Jill , Glorieux Griet , Metzger Jochen , Dakna Mohammed , Pejchinovski Martin , Jankowski Vera , Mansoorian Bahareh , Husi Holger , Mullen William , Mischak Harald , Vanholder Raymond , Van Biesen Wim 
Published: April 2016

PurposeSeptic acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with poor outcome. This can partly be attributed to delayed diagnosis and incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Our aim was to develop an early predictive test for AKI based on the analysis of urinary peptide biomarkers by MALDI‐MS.Experimental designUrine samples from 95 patients with sepsis were analyzed by MALDI‐MS. Marker search and multimarker model establishment were performed using the peptide profiles from 17 patients with existing or within the next 5 days developing AKI and 17 with no change in renal function. Replicates of urine sample pools from the AKI and non‐AKI patient groups and normal controls were also included to select the analytically most robust AKI markers.ResultsThirty‐nine urinary peptides were selected by cross‐validated variable selection to generate a support vector machine multidimensional AKI classifier. Prognostic performance of the AKI classifier on an independent validation set including the remaining 61 patients of the study population (17 controls and 44 cases) was good with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.82 and a sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 76%, respectively.Conclusion and clinical relevanceA urinary peptide marker model detects onset of AKI with acceptable accuracy in septic patients. Such a platform can eventually be transferred to the clinic as fast MALDI‐MS test format.
Acibenzolar‐S‐methyl may prevent vector‐mediated flavescence dorée phytoplasma transmission, but is ineffective in inducing recovery of infected grapevines
Authors: Miliordos Dimitrios E , Galetto Luciana , Ferrari Ester , Pegoraro Mattia , Marzachì Cristina , Bosco Domenico 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcibenzolar‐S‐methyl (BTH), a functional analogue of salicylic acid (SA), is known to elicit a systemic resistance across a broad range of plant–pathogen interactions, but so far it has not been tested against flavescence dorée (FDP), one of the most devastating grapevine diseases. The aim of this work was to evaluate the activity of BTH in preventing FDP transmission by the insect vector and in inducing recovery of infected grapevines.RESULTSRepeated 2 mM applications of BTH to test grapevine cuttings (cv. Barbera) exposed to adults of the infectious vector Scaphoideus titanus Ball reduced the rate of infected plants. The effect was not recorded following similar BTH applications to highly susceptible young in vitro propagated vines. A high natural recovery rate (more than 70%) was observed over a 3 year period in field‐infected grapevines of the same cultivar. Under these conditions, BTH repeated applications over the whole period clearly failed to increase recovery of field‐infected grapevines.CONCLUSIONFollowing a 3 year experiment, it can be concluded that, although high doses and repeated applications of BTH reduced vector transmission of FDP, BTH was ineffective in inducing recovery of FDP‐infected grapevines cv. Barbera under field conditions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Synergistic Photocatalysis‐Catalytic Peroxidation of BiOBr/H2O2 System for 4‐Chlorophenol Degradation
Authors: Hou Rujing , Chen Xiaofang , Gao Yuan , Zhu Huijuan , Li Shiqing , Li Hexing , Huo Yuning 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe synergistic BiOBr/H2O2 system was developed to improve the visible‐light photo‐degradation activity of 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP). It was demonstrated that the BiOBr catalyst could decompose H2O2 molecular efficiently under visible light irradiations. Based on the trapping test, the main active species of ⋅O2− radicals in BiOBr/H2O2 system accelerated the efficient decomposition of H2O2 to form the ⋅OH radicals, which further reacted with the 4‐CP. In comparison, the photo‐induced holes were the main active species during the photo‐degradation of 4‐CP on the single BiOBr catalyst. Furthermore, the intermediate of both benzoquinone and hydroquinone during the 4‐CP photo‐degradation in the BiOBr/H2O2 system, was determined by the HPLC‐MS measurement, which was followed by the final decomposition to CO2. In addition, the high crystallization resulted in the stability of BiOBr in the BiOBr/H2O2 system, indicative of the potential practical application for the wastewater treatment.
Fluid–structure interaction computations for geometrically resolved rotor simulations using CFD
Authors: Heinz Joachim C. , Sørensen Niels N. , Zahle Frederik 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a newly developed high‐fidelity fluid–structure interaction simulation tool for geometrically resolved rotor simulations of wind turbines. The tool consists of a partitioned coupling between the structural part of the aero‐elastic solver HAWC2 and the finite volume computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver EllipSys3D. The paper shows that the implemented loose coupling scheme, despite a non‐conservative force transfer, maintains a sufficient numerical stability and a second‐order time accuracy. The use of a strong coupling is found to be redundant. In a first test case, the newly developed coupling between HAWC2 and EllipSys3D (HAWC2CFD) is utilized to compute the aero‐elastic response of the NREL 5‐MW reference wind turbine (RWT) under normal operational conditions. A comparison with the low‐fidelity but state‐of‐the‐art aero‐elastic solver HAWC2 reveals a very good agreement between the two approaches. In a second test case, the response of the NREL 5‐MW RWT is computed during a yawed and thus asymmetric inflow. The continuous good agreement confirms the qualities of HAWC2CFD but also illustrates the strengths of a computationally cheaper blade element momentum theory (BEM) based solver, as long as the solver is applied within the boundaries of the employed engineering models. Two further test cases encompass flow situations, which are expected to exceed the limits of the BEM model. However, the simulation of the NREL 5‐MW RWT during an emergency shut down situation still shows good agreements in the predicted structural responses of HAWC2 and HAWC2CFD since the differences in the computed force signals only persist for an insignificantly short time span. The considerable new capabilities of HAWC2CFD are finally demonstrated by simulating vortex‐induced vibrations on the DTU 10‐MW wind turbine blade in standstill. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stakeholder attitudes and beliefs toward wild pigs in Georgia and Illinois
Authors: Harper Erin E. , Miller Craig A. , Vaske Jerry J. , Mengak Michael T. , Bruno Susan 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTA variety of problems are associated with wild pigs (Sus scrofa; e.g., crop damage, habitat destruction, transfer of infectious diseases to livestock). We contrasted stakeholder attitudes and beliefs toward wild pigs in 2 U.S. states: 1 with a long‐established, widespread population of wild pigs (GA) and 1 with a recently established limited population (IL). We conducted mail surveys of farmers in the Southwest Cooperative Extension Service District in Georgia during January–February 2012 (n = 471, response rate = 39%) and Illinois farmers (n = 3,035, response rate = 58%) during July–September 2013. The surveys included 4 positive items (e.g., I enjoy seeing feral hogs around my property) and 3 negative statements (e.g., Feral hogs should be eliminated where ever possible). Survey participants in both states generally agreed with the negative statements about wild pigs and disagreed with positive aspects regarding wild pigs. In general, the level of consensus for these statements was similar for both states. These findings suggest farmers in a state with low populations of wild pigs (IL) shared beliefs and attitudes with farmers in a state with a long‐standing wild pig populations (GA). © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Culture, Citizenship Norms, and Political Participation: Empirical Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: CHANG WEN-CHUN 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the role of religion in shaping the norms of citizenship from a cultural perspective for an East Asian country that exhibits fundamental differences in social contexts from Western advanced democracies. Using data drawn from the Taiwan Social Change Survey, we find that the Eastern religions of Buddhism, Taoism, and Folk Religions are important for explaining the formation of the concept of being a good citizen. This study further examines the relationships between citizenship norms and various conventional and unconventional types of political participation. The empirical results herein suggest that duty-based citizenship and engaged citizenship have significant differences in their effects on political participation.
Making Policy with Bureaucrats and Experts: The Dilemma of Citizen Members in the Participatory Pension Reforms in Japan
Authors: KIM SUNIL 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDocumenting how the Japanese state responded to increasing social discontent during initiation of unpopular welfare reforms, this study examines the factors that hindered the political empowerment of civil society despite the timely introduction of participatory policymaking institutions. The Japanese government opted in the early 2000s to introduce a participatory method to initiate the unpopular pension reform. Deliberation councils were established to encourage open discussions among government policymakers and committee members, including citizen representatives. The final outcomes of the deliberations, however, were mostly about parametric adjustments and did not adequately consider the urgent demand of the general public. The participatory measure did not significantly improve the public's trust in the pension programs, but it did justify the government's reform initiatives. The welfare bureaucracy that set the goal, defined the scope of the agenda, and steered the discussions toward technical issues structurally restricted the voices of the citizen members in the deliberation councils. The lack of citizen advocacy groups, which could otherwise have effectively supported the citizen members on the committee, contributed to the limited roles and influences of the citizens. It is argued that the traditional conservative corporatism of Japan was reinforced during this time period, despite the introduction of the idea of participatory governance.
How can we be sure fracking will not pollute aquifers? Lessons from a major longwall coal mining analogue (Selby, Yorkshire, UK)
Authors: Younger Paul L. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTDevelopment of shale gas by hydraulic fracturing (‘fracking’) is opposed by campaigners who propose (inter alia) that freshwater aquifers could be polluted by upward migration of fractures and any fluids they contain. Prima facie hydrogeological analysis of this proposition has been undertaken. For it to occur, two conditions must be satisfied:
(i)sufficient hydraulic interconnection (i.e., a continuous permeable pathway); and(ii)a sustained driving head, oriented upwards.With regard to (i), shale gas developers have a major vested interest in avoiding creating such hydraulic connection, as it would result in uneconomically excessive amounts of water needing to be pumped from their wells to achieve gas production. In relation to (ii), nominal upward hydraulic gradients will typically only be developed during fracking for periods of a few hours, which is far too brief to achieve solute transport over vertical intervals of one or more kilometres; thereafter, depressurisation of wells to allow gas to flow will result in downward hydraulic gradients being maintained for many years. The proposition is therefore found to be unsupportable. Albeit for contrasting motivations, developers and environmental guardians turn out to have a strong common interest in avoiding inter-connection to aquifers.A powerful illustration of the potential long-term effects of fracking is provided by the hydrogeological history of underground coal mining in the UK. Where large-scale mining proceeded from the surface downwards, major hydraulic inter-connection of shallow and deep zones resulted in widespread water pollution. However, where new mines were developed at depth without connections to shallow old workings (as in the Selby Coalfield, Yorkshire), complete hydraulic isolation from the near-surface hydrogeological environment was successfully maintained. This was despite far greater stratal disruption and induced seismicity than shale gas fracking could ever produce. The lesson is clear: without hydrogeological connectivity to shallow aquifers, shale gas fracking per se cannot contaminate shallow ground water.
NMDA receptors are selectively partitioned into complexes and supercomplexes during synapse maturation
Authors: Frank René A. W. , Komiyama Noboru H. , Ryan Tomás J. , Zhu Fei , O’Dell Thomas J. , Grant Seth G. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHow neuronal proteomes self-organize is poorly understood because of their inherent molecular and cellular complexity. Here, focusing on mammalian synapses we use blue-native PAGE and ‘gene-tagging’ of GluN1 to report the first biochemical purification of endogenous NMDA receptors (NMDARs) directly from adult mouse brain. We show that NMDARs partition between two discrete populations of receptor complexes and ∼1.5 MDa supercomplexes. We tested the assembly mechanism with six mouse mutants, which indicates a tripartite requirement of GluN2B, PSD93 and PSD95 gate the incorporation of receptors into ∼1.5 MDa supercomplexes, independent of either canonical PDZ-ligands or GluN2A. Supporting the essential role of GluN2B, quantitative gene-tagging revealed a fourfold molar excess of GluN2B over GluN2A in adult forebrain. NMDAR supercomplexes are assembled late in postnatal development and triggered by synapse maturation involving epigenetic and activity-dependent mechanisms. Finally, screening the quaternary organization of 60 native proteins identified numerous discrete supercomplexes that populate the mammalian synapse.
Initial rigid response and softening transition of highly stretchable kirigami sheet materials
Authors: Isobe Midori , Okumura Ko 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe study, experimentally and theoretically, the mechanical response of sheet materials on which line cracks or cuts are arranged in a simple pattern. Such sheet materials, often called kirigami (the Japanese words, kiri and gami, stand for cut and paper, respectively), demonstrate a unique mechanical response promising for various engineering applications such as stretchable batteries: kirigami sheets possess a mechanical regime in which sheets are highly stretchable and very soft compared with the original sheets without line cracks, by virtue of out-of-plane deformation. However, this regime starts after a transition from an initial stiff regime governed by in-plane deformation. In other words, the softness of the kirigami structure emerges as a result of a transition from the two-dimensional to three-dimensional deformation, i.e., from stretching to bending. We clarify the physical origins of the transition and mechanical regimes, which are revealed to be governed by simple scaling laws. The results could be useful for controlling and designing the mechanical response of sheet materials including cell sheets for medical regeneration and relevant to the development of materials with tunable stiffness and mechanical force sensors.
Identification of miRNomes reveals ssc-miR-30d-R_1 as a potential therapeutic target for PRRS viral infection
Authors: Wang Chengmin , Zhang Yanyu , Luo Jing , Ding Hua , Liu Shelan , Amer Said , Xie Li , Lyv Wenting , Su Wen , Li Meng , Sun Qinmiao , Dai Jiayin , He Hongxuan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is known to cause reproductive disorders, such as abortion, in pregnant sows as well as immunosuppressive respiratory complications, leading to severe respiratory tract infections in young pigs. In this study, an in-depth analysis of the miRNomes in mock- and virus-infected pig lungs was carried out. We found that highly expressed ssc-miR-30d-R_1 was decreased in infected lungs, and reduced levels were significantly correlated with infection by PRRSV. Moreover, ssc-miR-30d-R_1 was shown to target Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and to suppress the production of immune cytokines through inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. ssc-miR-30d-R_1 significantly reduced viral infections and pathological changes in pig lungs in vivo. Our current study reveals the miRNomes of PRRSV-infected pig lungs and indicates that ssc-miR-30d-R_1 is potential therapeutic agent for controlling PRRSV infection.
Excretion of dengue virus RNA by Aedes aegypti allows non-destructive monitoring of viral dissemination in individual mosquitoes
Authors: Fontaine Albin , Jiolle Davy , Moltini-Conclois Isabelle , Lequime Sebastian , Lambrechts Louis 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSuccessful transmission of a vector-borne pathogen relies on a complex life cycle in the arthropod vector that requires initial infection of the digestive tract followed by systemic viral dissemination. The time interval between acquisition and subsequent transmission of the pathogen, called the extrinsic incubation period, is one of the most influential parameters of vector-borne pathogen transmission. However, the dynamic nature of this process is often ignored because vector competence assays are sacrificial and rely on end-point measurements. Here, we report that individual Aedes aegypti mosquitoes release large amounts of dengue virus (DENV) RNA in their excreta that can be non-sacrificially detected over time following oral virus exposure. Further, we demonstrate that detection of DENV RNA in excreta from individual mosquitoes is correlated to systemic viral dissemination with high specificity (0.9–1) albeit moderate sensitivity (0.64–0.89). Finally, we illustrate the potential of our finding to detect biological differences in the dynamics of DENV dissemination in a proof-of-concept experiment. Individual measurements of the time required for systemic viral dissemination, a prerequisite for transmission, will be valuable to monitor the dynamics of DENV vector competence, to carry out quantitative genetics studies and to evaluate the risk of DENV transmission in field settings.
LPS-induced NFκB enhanceosome requires TonEBP/NFAT5 without DNA binding
Authors: Lee Hwan Hee , Sanada Satoru , An Seung Min , Ye Byeong Jin , Lee Jun Ho , Seo Young-Kyo , Lee Changwook , Lee-Kwon Whaseon , Küper Christoph , Neuhofer Wolfgang , Choi Soo Youn , Kwon Hyug Moo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNFκB is a central mediator of inflammation. Present inhibitors of NFκB are mostly based on inhibition of essential machinery such as proteasome and protein kinases, or activation of nuclear receptors; as such, they are of limited therapeutic use due to severe toxicity. Here we report an LPS-induced NFκB enhanceosome in which TonEBP is required for the recruitment of p300. Increased expression of TonEBP enhances the NFκB activity and reduced TonEBP expression lowers it. Recombinant TonEBP molecules incapable of recruiting p300 do not stimulate NFκB. Myeloid-specific deletion of TonEBP results in milder inflammation and sepsis. We discover that a natural small molecule cerulenin specifically disrupts the enhanceosome without affecting the activation of NFκB itself. Cerulenin suppresses the pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages and sepsis without detectable toxicity. Thus, the NFκB enhanceosome offers a promising target for useful anti-inflammatory agents.
Cancer-specific binary expression system activated in mice by bacteriophage HK022 Integrase
Authors: Elias Amer , Spector Itay , Sogolovsky-Bard Ilana , Gritsenko Natalia , Rask Lene , Mainbakh Yuli , Zilberstein Yael , Yagil Ezra , Kolot Mikhail 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBinary systems based on site-specific recombination have been used for tumor specific transcription targeting of suicide genes in animal models. In these binary systems a site specific recombinase or integrase that is expressed from a tumor specific promoter drives tumor specific expression of a cytotoxic gene. In the present study we developed a new cancer specific binary expression system activated by the Integrase (Int) of the lambdoid phage HK022. We demonstrate the validity of this system by the specific expression of a luciferase (luc)reporter in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells and in a lung cancer mouse model. Due to the absence viral vectors and of cytotoxicity the Int based binary system offers advantages over previously described counterparts and may therefore be developed into a safer cancer cell killing system.
High-mobility ZrInO thin-film transistor prepared by an all-DC-sputtering method at room temperature
Authors: Xiao Peng , Dong Ting , Lan Linfeng , Lin Zhenguo , Song Wei , Luo Dongxiang , Xu Miao , Peng Junbiao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThin-film transistors (TFTs) with zirconium-doped indium oxide (ZrInO) semiconductor were successfully fabricated by an all-DC-sputtering method at room temperature. The ZrInO TFT without any intentionally annealing steps exhibited a high saturation mobility of 25.1 cm2V−1s−1. The threshold voltage shift was only 0.35 V for the ZrInO TFT under positive gate bias stress for 1 hour. Detailed studies showed that the room-temperature ZrInO thin film was in the amorphous state with low carrier density because of the strong bonding strength of Zr-O. The room-temperature process is attractive for its compatibility with almost all kinds of the flexible substrates, and the DC sputtering process is good for the production efficiency improvement and the fabrication cost reduction.