bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rescheduling arc routing problem
Authors: Monroy‐Licht Marcela , Amaya Ciro Alberto , Langevin André , Rousseau Louis‐Martin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the rescheduling arc routing problem is introduced. This is a dynamic routing and scheduling problem that considers adjustments to an initial routing itinerary when one or more vehicle failures occur during the execution stage and the original plan must be modified. We minimize the operational and schedule disruption costs. Formulations based on mixed‐integer programming are presented to compare different policies in the rerouting phase. A solution strategy is developed when both costs are evaluated and it is necessary to find a solution quickly. Computational tests on a large set of instances compare the different decision‐maker policies.
Local and global constraint consistency in personnel rostering
Authors: Smet Pieter , Salassa Fabio , Vanden Berghe Greet 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPersonnel rostering is a challenging combinatorial optimization problem in which shifts are assigned to employees over a scheduling period while subject to organizational, legislative, and personal constraints. Academic models for personnel rostering typically abstractly conceptualize complex real‐world problem characteristics. Often only one isolated scheduling period is considered, contradicting common practice where personnel rostering inherently spans multiple dependent periods. The state of the art offers no systematic approach to address this modeling challenge, and consequently, few models capture the requirements imposed by practice. The present paper introduces the concepts of local and global consistency in constraint evaluation processes and proposes a general methodology to address these challenges in integer programming approaches. The impact of inconsistent constraint evaluation is analyzed in a case study concerning rostering nurses in a hospital ward, of which the data have been made publicly available. The results demonstrate that the proposed methodology approximates the optimal solution.
Development of bullous pemphigoid during the haemodialysis of a young man: case report and literature survey
Authors: Osipowicz Katarzyna , Kalinska‐Bienias Agnieszka , Kowalewski Cezary , Wozniak Katarzyna 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHaemodialysis is the most frequent form of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with end‐stage renal disorder (ESRD). Patients with ESRD frequently develop skin problems, mainly xerosis, pruritus and hyperpigmentation, as well as bullous diseases, mainly porphyria or pseudoporphyria and, in some cases, bullous pemphigoid (BP). BP is the most common autoimmune sub‐epidermal blistering disease, and it predominantly affects elderly people. Clinically, BP is characterised by generalised pruritic, bullous eruptions and urticaria‐like lesions. Usually, BP is an idiopathic disorder; however, in some cases, underlying internal disorders are present, like diabetes or neurological disorders. Herein, we present a 33‐year‐old man with ESRD, maintained on haemodialysis, who developed BP. There are only six cases with BP provoked by the placement of a fistula for haemodialysis. BP in the current patient was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and indirect immunofluorescence using BIOCHIP. The patient responded promptly to tertracycline and 0·05% clobetasol propionate lesionally. However, the relationship between BP and the fistula for haemodialisys still remains unknown. It is highly likely that the skin injury associated with fistula placement was responsible for the alteration of the basement membrane zone (BMZ) and the stimulation of the immune system, leading to BP development. To explain the real role of fistula placement as a provocative factor in BP, other such cases are required for assessment.
Low‐level stretching accelerates cell migration into a gap
Authors: Toume Samer , Gefen Amit , Weihs Daphne 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe observed that radially stretching cell monolayers at a low level (3%) increases the rate at which they migrate to close a gap formed by in vitro injury. Wound healing has been shown to accelerate in vivo when deformations are topically applied, for example, by negative pressure wound therapy. However, the direct effect of deformations on cell migration during gap closure is still unknown. Thus, we have evaluated the effect of radially applied, sustained (static) tensile strain on the kinematics of en mass cell migration. Monolayers of murine fibroblasts were cultured on stretchable, linear‐elastic substrates that were subjected to different tensile strains, using a custom‐designed three‐dimensionally printed stretching apparatus. Immediately following stretching, the monolayer was ‘wounded’ at its centre, and cell migration during gap closure was monitored and quantitatively evaluated. We observed a significant increase in normalised migration rates and a reduction of gap closure time with 3% stretching, relative to unstretched controls or 6% stretch. Interestingly, the initial gap area was linearly correlated with the maximum migration rate, especially when stretching was applied. Therefore, small deformations applied to cell monolayers during gap closure enhance en mass cell migration associated with wound healing and can be used to fine‐tune treatment protocols.
Ebola virus disease: caring for patients in Sierra Leone – a qualitative study
Authors: Andertun Sara , Hörnsten Åsa , Hajdarevic Senada 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to describe Norwegian healthcare staffs’ experiences of participating in care of patients with Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone.BackgroundEbola is one of the most feared viruses known. Ebola virus disease is highly contagious with high mortality. The few qualitative studies made on experiences among healthcare professionals have highlighted problems as lack of protective resources, insufficient personnel and risk of societal stigmatization.DesignDescriptive study with qualitative approach.MethodIndividual narrative and focus group interviews were obtained during 2015 with eight nurses and one physician who had worked in Ebola care in Sierra Leone. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultThe analysis resulted in the two themes: ‘Experiencing security by learning to manage risks’; and ‘Developing courage and growth by facing personal fears’. Subthemes were: ‘Relying on safeguard actions’, ‘Managing risk of contagion’, ‘Developing strategies for care despite risks’, ‘Constantly reminded of death’, ‘Successively defeating fears’ and last, ‘Increasing motivation through meaningfulness’. The participants described the reliance on training, organized effort, strict guidelines and equipment. They were respectful of the risk of transmission, made risk assessments, took responsibility, handled risky situations and were reminded of suffering and death.ConclusionDespite challenges, the hazardous work with Ebola virus disease patients was experienced as meaningful which was an important motivator. Safe care was central in working with Ebola patients, but the care relation was challenged.
A promoter polymorphism rs2075824 within IMPA2 gene affecting the transcription activity: possible relationship with schizophrenia
Authors: Li Jia , Huang Sheng , Dai Hui‐Rong , Wang Juan , Lin Li‐Hui , Xiao Hui , Peng Xia , Li Fei , Wang Yu‐Ping , Yuan Jian‐Min , Li Li 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPrevious studies with biological and genetic evidence indicate that the myo‐inositol monophosphatase 2 (IMPA2) gene may influence schizophrenia. We performed a genetic association study in Han Chinese cohorts. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms within IMPA2 promoter region (rs971363, rs971362, rs2075824, rs111410794 and rs111610121), as well as one (rs45442994, in intron 1) that was positively associated in another study, were selected for genotyping in 1397 patients with schizophrenia and 1285 mentally healthy controls. Genotype and allele frequencies were assessed by gender stratification. Interestingly, rs2075824 showed a strong association with schizophrenia (P = 4.1 × 10−4), and the T allele was more frequent in cases than controls [P = 5.6 × 10−5, OR (95% CI) = 1.26 (1.13–1.41)]. In vitro promoter assay showed that the transcription activity of the T allele promoter was higher than that of the C allele promoter and the T allele of rs2075824 contributed to risk for schizophrenia. By stratifying males and females, we found a gender‐specific association for IMPA2 and schizophrenia: the T allele of rs2075824 was more frequent in male cases compared with male controls [P = 1.4 × 10−4, OR (95% CI) = 1.33 (1.15–1.55)]. Our data suggest that a promoter polymorphism of IMPA2 possibly contributed to risk for schizophrenia by elevating transcription activity in Han Chinese individuals.
Local population density and group composition influence the signal‐preference relationship in Enchenopa treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae)
Authors: Fowler‐Finn K. D. , Cruz D. C. , Rodríguez R. L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMany animals exhibit social plasticity – changes in phenotype or behaviour in response to experience with conspecifics that change how evolutionary processes like sexual selection play out. Here, we asked whether social plasticity arising from variation in local population density in male advertisement signals and female mate preferences influences the form of sexual selection. We manipulated local density and determined whether this changed how the distribution of male signals overlapped with female preferences – the signal preference relationship. We specifically look at the shape of female mate preference functions, which, when compared to signal distributions, provide hypotheses about the form of sexual selection. We used Enchenopa binotata treehoppers, a group of plant‐feeding insects that exhibit natural variation in local densities across individual host plants, populations, species and years. We measured male signal frequency and female preference functions across the density treatments. We found that male signals varied across local social groups, but not according to local density. By contrast, female preferences varied with local density – favouring higher signal frequencies in denser environments. Thus, local density changes the signal–preference relationship and, consequently, the expected form of sexual selection. We found no influence of sex ratio on the signal–preference relationship. Our findings suggest that plasticity arising from variation in local group density and composition can alter the form of sexual selection with potentially important consequences both for the maintenance of variation and for speciation.
Brain size evolution in pipefishes and seahorses: the role of feeding ecology, life history and sexual selection
Authors: Tsuboi M. , Lim A. C. O. , Ooi B. L. , Yip M. Y. , Chong V. C. , Ahnesjö I. , Kolm N. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBrain size varies greatly at all taxonomic levels. Feeding ecology, life history and sexual selection have been proposed as key components in generating contemporary diversity in brain size across vertebrates. Analyses of brain size evolution have, however, been limited to lineages where males predominantly compete for mating and females choose mates. Here, we present the first original data set of brain sizes in pipefishes and seahorses (Syngnathidae) a group in which intense female mating competition occurs in many species. After controlling for the effect of shared ancestry and overall body size, brain size was positively correlated with relative snout length. Moreover, we found that females, on average, had 4.3% heavier brains than males and that polyandrous species demonstrated more pronounced (11.7%) female‐biased brain size dimorphism. Our results suggest that adaptations for feeding on mobile prey items and sexual selection in females are important factors in brain size evolution of pipefishes and seahorses. Most importantly, our study supports the idea that sexual selection plays a major role in brain size evolution, regardless of on which sex sexual selection acts stronger.
The distribution of Athetis lepigone and prediction of its potential distribution based on GARP and MaxEnt
Authors: Wang Y. Q. , Ma J. F. , Li X. Q. , Wang Y. F. , Cao S. , Xie A. T. , Ye S. F. , Dong B. X. , Zhao W. X. , Qin Y. X. , Xia F. , Zheng Z. Y. , Zhu X. M. , Jiang J. Y. , Dong Z. P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAthetis lepigone (Möschler) is a new agronomic pest which has caused serious damages to summer maize in China. In order to effectively monitor it, it is necessary to carry‐out a worldwide investigation on its potential geographical distribution. In this study, we give two ecological niche models, Genetic Algorithm for Rule‐set Production and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt), to predict the potential geographical distribution of A. lepigone. The results indicate that the suitable areas for A. lepigone are mainly in China (Beijing, Tianjin, central and southern Hebei, northern Jiangsu, Shandong, most of Henan, northern Anhui, central and southern Shanxi, central and southern Shaanxi, small parts of north‐west in Hubei, eastern Gansu, parts of Ningxia, western of Xinjiang and Dandong, and Liaoning) and other Asian countries (South Korea, North Korea and Japan). Parts of Europe (south‐western Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovenia, and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, parts of Austria, western Poland, the Czech Republic, Germany, northern Italy, Denmark, western Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, southern Finland and Sweden) are also highly suitable for A. lepigone. In addition, in the states of the USA including Michigan, New York, Chicago, Missouri, Ohio, Illinois and Indiana are also favourable for its occurrence although till now no reports about of this species has been recorded. A jackknife test in MaxEnt showed that the mean temperature of the driest quarter was the most important environmental variable affecting the distribution of this pest.
Chemical and biological stress factors on the activation of nucleopolyhedrovirus infections in covertly infected Spodoptera exigua
Authors: Virto C. , Navarro D. , Tellez M. M. , Murillo R. , Williams T. , Caballero P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFollowing the consumption of baculovirus occlusion bodies (OBs), insects may succumb to lethal disease, but the survivors can harbour sublethal covert infections and may develop, reproduce and transmit the infection to their offspring. The use of different chemical and biological stressors was examined to determine whether they could be used to activate covert infections in populations of Spodoptera exigua larvae infected by the homologous nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV). Treatment of covertly infected S. exigua second instars with Tinopal UNPA‐GX, hydroxylamine, paraquat, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki crystals, spores or mixtures of crystals + spores, or a heterologous nucleopolyhedrovirus (Chrysodeixis chalcites SNPV) did not result in the activation of SeMNPV covert infections. Similarly, virus treatments involving permissive NPVs did not result in greater mortality in covertly infected insects compared with the virus‐free controls. In contrast, 0.1% copper sulphate, 1% iron (II) sulphate and 1 mg/l sodium selenite treatments resulted in 12–41% lethal polyhedrosis disease in covertly infected larvae. A greenhouse trial using copper sulphate and sodium selenite as activation factors applied to covertly infected S. exigua larvae on sweet pepper plants resulted in very low levels of SeMNPV activation (<3%). These results highlight the important roles of copper, iron and selenium in insect immunity and baculovirus‐induced disease. However, these substances seem unlikely to prove useful for the activation of covert SeMNPV infections in S. exigua larvae under greenhouse conditions.
Mycobacteria in aquarium fish: results of a 3‐year survey indicate caution required in handling pet‐shop fish
Authors: Kušar D , Zajc U , Jenčič V , Ocepek M , Higgins J , Žolnir‐Dovč M , Pate M 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFish are commonly infected with non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), which should be regarded as potential pathogens when handling aquarium fish and equipment. This study examined 107 aquarium fish from pet shops. Cultivation of the fish samples using different selective media was conducted for identification ofNTM. Isolates were identified using the GenoType Mycobacterium common mycobacteria and additional species assays, sequencing of the 16SrRNAandrpoBgenes, and real‐timePCRassay for identification ofMycobacterium (M.) marinum. Among the investigated fish, 79.4% (85/107) were positive for mycobacteria, with 8.2% (7 of 85) having two mycobacterial species present. Among the positive fish, the common pathogensM. marinum,Mycobacterium fortuitum(M. fortuitumgroup) andMycobacterium chelonaewere identified in approx. 90% of fish and otherNTMspecies in 10%, includingMycobacterium peregrinum/septicum,Mycobacterium gordonae,Mycobacterium arupense,Mycobacterium kansasii,Mycobacterium ulceransandMycobacterium setense. The well‐known human pathogenM. marinumwas present in 10.6% of the positive fish (9 of 85). The species of mycobacteria identified in the study are not only recognized as aquarium fish pathogens, but can also cause pathology in humans. Microbiological and clinical communities should therefore be sensitized to the role ofNTMin infections associated with exposure to aquarium fish.
Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir‐based interferon‐free therapies for hepatitis C in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Qu Yundong , Guo Ying , Li Tao , Ye Qian , Sun Chao , Wang Lei , Yang Baohua 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground and AimThe aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir‐based interferon‐free therapies in liver transplantation recipients with hepatitis C virus infection recurrence.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL on the Cochrane Library without time or language limitation. The search strategy used was “sofosbuvir AND transplantation.” Sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12) rate, incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) and/or adverse events, discontinuation rate with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled with random‐effects model.ResultsTwenty‐two studies (1730 patients) were included for our meta‐analysis. The pooled SVR12 rate was 90.1% (95% CI 86.4–93.4%, I2 = 81.6%). SVR12 rate was higher in patients with mild fibrosis than in patients with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis (RR = 1.072, 95% CI 1.031–1.115, I2 = 3.6%). For patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1, the pooled SVR12 rate was 91.9% (95% CI 89.2–94.2%, I2 = 53.3%). The pooled SAEs incidence was 8.3% (95% CI 5.6–11.5%, I2 = 78.4%). The pooled discontinuation rate because of adverse events or SAEs was 3.3% (95% CI 1.8–5.2%).ConclusionsSofosbuvir‐based interferon‐free therapy is an effective and well‐tolerated treatment strategy for patients with hepatitis C virus infection recurrence after liver transplantation.
Etiology and outcome in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Study on 4747 patients in the central region of Iran
Authors: Minakari Mohammad , Badihian Shervin , Jalalpour Pooyan , Sebghatollahi Vahid 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground and AimUpper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a threatening condition leading to urgent hospitalization. This study aims to investigate etiology and outcome in UGIB patients in Iran.MethodsMedical records of GIB patients admitted to Alzahra referral hospital (in Isfahan) during 2010–2015 were retrospectively reviewed for demographic data, comorbidities, history of smoking and taking non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), presenting symptoms, endoscopic findings, therapeutic endoscopy, blood products' infusion, surgical intervention, rebleeding, and mortality.ResultsA total of 4747 patients were enrolled in the study (69.2% men, mean age = 55.46 ± 21.98 years). Hematemesis was the most frequent presenting symptom (63.5%). Peptic ulcer (duodenal ulcer in most cases) was seen as the main reason for UGIB (42.4%). Rebleeding (present in 16.5% of patients) was found to be more frequent in patients with older age, presenting sign of hematochezia and hypotension, history of taking NSAIDs and smoking, presence of comorbidities, history of bleeding because of UGI tract neoplasm and esophageal varices, history of needing blood products' infusion, and history of therapeutic endoscopy or surgical intervention (P < 0.005). We found that mortality (5.5% in total) was also higher in the same group of patients that were seen to have a higher tendency for rebleeding (P < 0.005).ConclusionPeptic ulcers are the most common cause of UGIB. Comorbidities, hemodynamic instability, high‐risk endoscopic stigmata, history of smoking and taking NSAIDs, gastric and esophageal malignancies, may be important predisposing factors for rebleeding and mortality in patients with UGIB.
An evaluation of diabetes targeted apps for Android smartphone in relation to behaviour change techniques
Authors: Hoppe C. D. , Cade J. E. , Carter M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundMobile applications (apps) could support diabetes management through dietary, weight and blood glucose self‐monitoring, as well as by promoting behaviour change. The present study aimed to evaluate diabetes apps for content, functions and behaviour change techniques (BCTs).MethodsDiabetes self‐management apps for Android smartphones were searched for on the Google Play Store. Ten apps each from the following search terms were included; ‘diabetes’, ‘diabetes type 1’, ‘diabetes type 2’, ‘gestational diabetes’. Apps were evaluated by being scored according to their number of functions and BCTs, price, and user rating.ResultsThe mean (SD) number of functions was 8.9 (5.9) out of a possible maximum of 27. Furthermore, the mean (SD) number of BCTs was 4.4 (2.6) out of a possible maximum of 26. Apps with optimum BCT had significantly more functions [13.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.9–15.9] than apps that did not (4.7; 95% CI = 3.2–6.2; P < 0.01) and significantly more BCTs (5.8; 95% CI = 4.8–7.0) than apps without (3.1; 95% CI = 2.2–4.1; P < 0.01). Additionally, apps with optimum BCT also cost more than other apps. In the adjusted models, highly rated apps had an average of 4.8 (95% CI = 0.9–8.7; P = 0.02) more functions than lower rated apps.Conclusions‘Diabetes apps’ include few functions or BCTs compared to the maximum score possible. Apps with optimum BCTs could indicate higher quality. App developers should consider including both specific functions and BCTs in ‘diabetes apps’ to make them more helpful. More research is needed to understand the components of an effective app for people with diabetes.