bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyethylene glycol plus paraffin vs. Polyethylene glycol alone: Which is more effective in treating pediatric functional constipation? A Randomized controlled clinical trial.
Authors: Bozorgi Sepideh Jame , Sajjadei Nooshin , Hashemi Mojtaba , Kharkeshi Marzieh Mohammadi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Pediatric functional constipation is a prevalent issue that causes significant personal and societal burdens. While managing painful defecation is crucial in controlling the vicious cycle of stool withholding and altered rectal physiology, current approaches have addressed stool consistency rather than focusing on this critical outcome.
Aim
We aim to assess if adding paraffin to PEG affects painful defecation and other constipation outcomes in children with chronic functional constipation. Paraffin, with its lubricating mechanism, is hypothesized to improve stool passage and reduce pain during defecation.
Methods
We randomized 148 children with chronic functional constipation to receive either PEG plus paraffin or PEG alone for three months. We assessed painful defecation, number of defecation per week, and stool consistency as primary outcomes at baseline and after the intervention period. Secondary outcomes included nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and incontinence. We used the t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and repeated measures analysis to compare means in our data, and we used the chi-squared test to compare categorical data between groups. We utilized IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software for data analysis, and a p-value of 0.05 or lower was considered statistically significant. We also calculated effect sizes as mean difference and NNT in addition to their 95% confidence interval using MedCalc.
Results
Our study demonstrates that adding paraffin to PEG significantly improves painful defecation in children with chronic functional constipation. In contrast, it did not considerably impact stool consistency or the number of defecations.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that paraffin can be a valuable adjunct to PEG in managing painful defecation, a crucial aspect of constipation treatment.
Trial Registration
The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/66979) with registration number ID IRCT20141209020258N179 on 01.01.2023.
The association between Vapor Pressure Deficit and arthritis: The evidence from CHARLS
Authors: Ye Shuchao , Ye Damei , Lin Changyi , Lu Dongming , You Xuelan , Xu Chaoyan , Wu Yongyang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To explore the relationship between atmospheric humidity index and arthritis.
Methods
This prospective cohort study uses data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011–2020) and the first 1 km high-resolution atmospheric humidity index dataset in China. Non-arthritis subjects from 2011 were selected for the study. Atmospheric humidity index was the primary exposure factor, and arthritis incidence was the outcome. A logistic regression risk model and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to analyze the relationship between atmospheric humidity index and arthritis. Subgroup analysis was conducted using stratified logistic regression to confirm the stability of the results.
Results
A total of 6,300 without preexisting arthritis were included, during which 1,784 were diagnosed with arthritis over a 10-year follow-up period. Individuals diagnosed with arthritis had lower Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) levels in their living environment (5.17 ± 0.83 vs. 5.27 ± 0.83, p < 0.0001) compared to the non-arthritis group. The five logistic regression risk models all show that there is a linear relationship between VPD and arthritis, and even after VPD is classified, this result has not changed. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis indicated no nonlinear relationship between VPD and arthritis incidence (P-nonlinearity > 0.05). Interestingly, we observed that arthritis incidence significantly decreased with higher VPD levels (p < 0.05). Using a VPD median of 5.24 as the cutoff, the relationship was more pronounced in low VPD environments (OR = 0.835 [0.711, 0.980], OR = 0.805 [0.680, 0.953], OR = 0.807 [0.681, 0.956], OR = 0.76 [0.618, 0.934], OR = 0.763 [0.620, 0.938]). The final subgroup analysis indicated a significant interaction between residence and the VPD-arthritis relationship (P < 0.001). In rural populations, higher VPD levels significantly reduced arthritis incidence (OR = 0.787 [0.721, 0.858]).
Conclusion
Increased vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is associated with a lower incidence of new arthritis cases. Rural residents should pay particular attention to weather changes to reduce arthritis risk.
Perampanel reduces seizure frequency in patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy for a long term
Authors: Yamagishi Hirokazu , Osaka Hitoshi , Muramatsu Kazuhiro , Kojima Karin , Monden Yukifumi , Mitani Tadahiro , Asakura Yuta , Wakae Keizo , Nagai Kohei , Tajima Toshihiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Seizures in patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are often highly resistant to various antiseizure medications. Perampanel (PER) is a novel antiseizure medication that non-competitively inhibits the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor and is expected to reduce seizure frequency not only for focal seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) but also for other seizure types. This study aimed to clarify the long-term therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of PER in patients with DEEs. We analyzed data regarding patients’ background characteristics, medication retention, trends in seizure frequency, and adverse events obtained from 16 patients with DEEs who had been on PER treatment for 60 months. The retention rates were 56.3% and 43.8% at 12 and 60 months, respectively. At 60 months after PER initiation, the rate of patients with > 50% seizure reduction was 38.5%, 38.5%, 36.4%, 60.0%, 40%, and 66.7% among patients with focal seizures, atypical absence seizures, tonic seizures, GTCS, atonic seizures, and myoclonic seizures, respectively. The frequency of adverse events was 75.0%. PER showed long-term efficacy in various seizure types. PER is a promising treatment option for patients with DEEs.
Associations of Weekend Warrior and Other Leisure-time Physical Activity Patterns with the Risk of Insulin Resistance——Evidence from NHANES 2007-2018
Authors: Fang  , Kai  
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a critical precursor to various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to explore the relationship between weekend warrior (WW) and other LTPA patterns with IR risk among American adults.
Methods: Data from 6 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2007-2008 to 2017-2018) were analyzed, with the final sample consisting of 10150 adults. Participants were assessed for IR using 6 indices: HOMA-IR, QUICKI, TyG index, TG/HDL-c, METS-IR, and TyG-BMI. LTPA patterns were determined using self-reported frequency and duration based on the global physical activity questionnaire and then categorized into inactive, insufficiently active, weekend warrior and regularly active. Analyses of variances and Rao-Scott adjusted chi-square tests were employed to compare the characteristics across LTPA patterns, and multivariate weighted logistic regression models were conducted to explore the associations of LTPA patterns and IR risk. Weighted restricted cubic splines were utilized to examine the dose-response associations of LTPA patterns and IR risk.
Results: The final sample included 10150 participants representative for approximately 170.4 million adults, with WW prevalence being 4.66%. Both WW and regularly active adults exhibited lower IR risk compared to inactive participants, and no significant differences in IR risk between weekend warriors and regularly active participants were observed. The relationship between LTPA pattern and IR risk was consistent across different subgroups, and 3 interaction effects were observed. Significant nonlinear relationships between LTPA and IR risk were only observed in TyG and TyG-BMI indices.
Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of WW and regular physical activity in mitigating IR risk, highlighting that even less frequent but intense physical activity can confer significant metabolic benefits.
A New One Parameter Unit Distribution: Median Based Unit Rayleigh (MBUR): Parametric Quantile Regression Model
Authors: Attia Iman Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Parametric quantile regression is illustrated for the one parameter new unit Rayleigh distribution called Median Based Unit Rayleigh distribution (MBUR) distribution. The estimation process using reparameterized maximum likelihood function is highlighted with real dataset example. The inference and goodness of fit is also explored.
Impact of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Symptoms and Well-Being in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients: a Scoping Review.
Authors: Sanchez-Cala Maria Andrea , Polania Santiago Adolfo , Lopez Maria Alejandra , Porto Estefania , Pardo Guillermo , Vallejo Isabella , Medina Laura , Cuevas Maria Isabel , Gonzalez-Ballesteros Lina Maria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that significantly affects patient’s quality of life. It is characterized by a complex interplay of physical symptoms and psychological stress, with notable impact on daily function. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has emerged as a promising intervention, targeting the psychological aspects of IBS to manage symptoms and improve life quality. Recognizing its potential and effectiveness as a treatment modality, considering the varied presentations of IBS across different populations.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of CBT in the management of IBS symptoms among adults, focusing on the reduction of symptom severity, improvement in quality of life, and decrease in associated psychological distress.
Methods: This Scoping Review adopted an exhaustive search strategy across both published and unpublished literature. It began with an initial focus on databases such as PubMed, followed by a broader search across EMBASE, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LiLACS (BVS), PsycArticles (PsycNet), and ProQuest.
Results: All 21 selected studies demonstrated that CBT had a positive impact on reducing abdominal pain and frequency in patients with IBS. Additionally, four studies directly assessed quality of life, showing significant improvements in this aspect.
Conclusion: The reviewed literature highlights the significant role of CBT in IBS. CBT has been shown to improve gastrointestinal symptoms, reduce psychological distress and improve quality of life. It enhances self-efficacy and coping mechanisms by addressing cognitive distortions. Studies confirm that CBT leads to better clinical outcomes compared to educational support, with neurobiological findings showing reduced limbic activity, linked to decreased anxiety and symptoms. However, access to CBT remains limited, underscoring the need to address these barriers in standard IBS care.
Effects of Multiple Spices and Processing Methods on Pork Organoleptic Quality
Authors: Ekpo J. S. , Okon U. M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study evaluated the organoleptic quality of pork combined with various spices and subjected to different processing methods. Four distinct spices (turmeric, African nutmeg, ginger, and garlic) representing the treatments were utilized in conjunction with two processing methods, namely cooking and grilling, to assess the effects on sensory attributes such as flavour, aroma, texture, and overall acceptability. The study was laid in a randomized complete block design with a sensory panel comprising twenty participants who evaluated samples of pork treated with different spice and processing combinations. Results showed (p<0.05) effects of the spices on the flavour, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability of pork. However, the garlic group received the lowest level of acceptance by consumers. Grilling also proved to give a high acceptance rate in the processed pork. It was however concluded that the overall acceptability of pork was improved with the addition of spices. Turmeric, African nutmeg and ginger are recommended for use in the processing of pork as it poses no risk of rejection by consumers. Grilling can be adopted as a processing method for pork as it presents no negative impact on the sensory perception of consumers.
The Environmental Burden of the United States’ Bitcoin Mining Boom
Authors: Guidi Gianluca , Dominici Francesca , Steinsultz Nat , Dance Gabriel , Henneman Lucas , Richardson Henry , Castro Edgar , Bargagli-Stoffi Falco J. , Delaney Scott 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Bitcoin mines—massive computing clusters generating cryptocurrency tokens—consume vast amounts of electricity. The amount of fine particle (PM2.5) air pollution created because of their electricity consumption, and its effect on environmental health, is unknown. In this study, we located the 34 largest mines in the United States in 2022, identified the electricity-generating plants that responded to them, and pinpointed communities most harmed by Bitcoin mine-attributable air pollution.
From mid-2022 to mid-2023, the 34 mines consumed 32.3 terawatt-hours of electricity—33% more than Los Angeles—85% of which came from fossil fuels. We estimated that 1.9 million Americans were exposed to ≥0.1 μg/m3 of additional PM2.5 pollution from Bitcoin mines, which were often hundreds of miles away from communities they affected. Americans living in four regions—including New York City and near Houston—were exposed to the highest Bitcoin mine-attributable PM2.5 concentrations (≥0.5 μg/m3) with the greatest health risks.
Cambio climático, geopolítica y conflictos: un desafío para la seguridad internacional y nacional
Authors: Ibarra Sarlat Rosalía 
Published: October 2024

El fenómeno climático es concebido como un “multiplicador de amenazas” que extrema inestabilidades existentes y exacerba conflictos en los ámbitos internacional y nacional, generando el vínculo: cambio climático y seguridad. De ahí que la securitización climática sea integrada cada vez más en las estrategias de seguridad nacional; tal es el caso de Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea. No obstante, en el ámbito internacional es un proceso actualmente en discusión en el Consejo de Seguridad de Naciones Unidas, debido a las graves implicaciones políticas que puede conllevar. En este contexto, este estudio analiza diversas teorías en torno a la evolución del objeto de la seguridad, con la finalidad de determinar las bases conceptuales del proceso de securitización climática, para así determinar cuáles son las amenazas directas e indirectas que se perciben contra la seguridad internacional y nacional; cómo y por qué la crisis climática se convierte en un problema de seguridad, y de qué tipo de seguridad se trata; quién tiene el interés en securitizar este fenómeno, para qué y quién se beneficia. Las respuestas a estas preguntas nos aproximan a dilucidar los pros y contras: desplazados climáticos y competencia por el control de recursos estratégicos para la transición energética.
Uma análise semântico-argumentativa de textos de alunos do 8º ano: o trabalho com o gênero carta do leitor em sala de aula
Authors: Souza André Felipe Pereira de , Brito Áustria Rodrigues 
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo discute como é construí­da a argumentação, na produção do gênero carta do leitor, realizada por alunos de uma escola pública de ensino fundamental. O objetivo é verificar como os operadores argumentativos foram utilizados pelos sujeitos de pesquisa nessa escrita, além de observar como o uso adequado dessas ferramentas contribuiu para o propósito comunicativo do gênero exposto. A base teórica que fundamentou o trabalho parte, principalmente, dos postulados de Bakhtin (1997) e Bronckart (2012) para o estudo dos gêneros numa perspectiva sociointeracionista da linguagem. Para discutir sequência textual e argumentação, recorremos í s ideias de Koch (2011), Koch e Travaglia (1993), Marcuschi (2008), dentre outros. O recurso metodológico usado foi uma sequência de atividades sobre a estrutura composicional, o tema e o estilo do gênero carta de leitor. Após essas aplicações, que resultaram nas produções iniciais dos alunos, procedemos uma análise qualitativa dos elementos constituintes da argumentação. Na esteira das constatações desse estudo, verificamos que os textos produzidos ainda apresentam, considerando os elementos da sequência argumentativa, uma argumentação com uso limitado dos operadores ou pouca variação no uso desses elementos linguí­sticos caracterí­sticos de tal sequência. Diante desse cenário, é importante refletir, no contexto da educação básica, sobre a necessária revisão teórico-metodológica para o ensino da argumentação.
Revisão colaborativa de textos argumentativos em plataformas digitais no Ensino Médio da Cedaf/UFV
Authors: De Moura Rocha Sí­lvio Rodrigo 
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo é fruto de um trabalho de produção e revisão de textos em plataformas digitais desenvolvido na Central de Ensino e Desenvolvimento Agrário de Florestal (Cedaf), instituição vinculada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) com estudantes do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio, cujo objetivo era a construção de textos argumentativos conforme as competências linguí­sticas avaliadas na prova de redação do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem). Nesse sentido, este artigo cumpre muito mais o papel de relato de experiência docente do que de resultado de pesquisa, já que, à medida que os discentes alcançavam resultados satisfatórios de desenvolvimento das competências linguí­stico-argumentativas, este docente percebeu que a metodologia utilizada em sala de aula, para a condução do processo de escrita dos estudantes, poderia ser estudada com acurácia cientí­fica. Assim, os textos argumentativos dos estudantes foram produzidos considerando-se, metodologicamente, a primeira versão como ponto de partida para processos de revisão colaborativa on-line entre os próprios estudantes, o que engendrou novas versões até que o texto pudesse chegar í s mãos do professor para correção avaliativa. Os resultados aqui apresentados indicam a eficácia do método de revisão entre pares, embora também apontem certa homogeneização das produções após a versão revisada.
O processo de (re)escrita do gênero artigo de opinião com estudantes do 9º ano de uma escola pública de Goiás
Authors: Assis Lara Roberta Silva , Moura Rodrigo Milhomem de , Fernandes Eliane Marquez da Fonseca 
Published: October 2024

Por muito tempo, em nossa sociedade, o ensino/aprendizagem de Lí­ngua Portuguesa se caracterizou pelas práticas descontextualizadas do ensino de gramática. Reconhecendo esse aspecto, neste trabalho, temos como objetivos discutir a escrita como uma prática social e dialógica, e analisar duas produções do gênero artigo de opinião e suas respectivas reescritas, produzidas por estudantes do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Nosso trabalho está fundamentado na filosofia da linguagem do Cí­rculo de Bakhtin (BAKHTIN, 2011, 2013; SOBRAL, 2009; VOLÓCHINOV, 2017) e nas posições de escrita e reescrita (MENEGASSI, 1998, 2001; FERNANDES, 2007; PASSARELLI, 2012). Para tanto, partimos de um estudo qualitativo-interpretativista (ANDRÉ, 2005; BORTONI-RICARDO, 2008; DENZIN; LINCOLN, 2006). A pesquisa é um recorte da dissertação de mestrado "Escrita e reescrita: as relações dialógicas entre ensino e aprendizagem", que foi realizada em uma escola pública de Goiânia, em 2019. O gênero discursivo estudado pelos/as educandos/as foi o artigo de opinião e o tema para a produção escrita foi "A prática de bullying e cyberbullying no ambiente escolar". A pesquisa contou com a participação de estudantes de quatro turmas de 9º ano, totalizando, aproximadamente, 120 educandos/as e da professora de Lí­ngua Portuguesa das referidas turmas. Para este estudo, selecionamos apenas dois artigos, a tí­tulo de delimitação. Observamos durante nossas análises dos dois textos, que os/as estudantes conseguiram estabelecer relações dialógicas com a primeira versão da produção, realizando acréscimos, substituições e deslocamentos.
Redação Enem – um olhar sobre a estase argumentativa
Authors: Silva Ana Gabriela Moreira e , Damasceno-Morais Rubens 
Published: October 2024

Com base nos pressupostos metodológicos do Modelo Dialogal da Argumentação (PLANTIN 2008, 2016; GRÁCIO, 2010, 2012), analisa-se a construção da estase argumentativa, ou o conflito de opiniões, nas redações ENEM selecionadas e que se enquadram na situação "˜ferir os direitos humanos"™ das edições de 2015 e 2016. Nessa perspectiva, considerar-se-á a interação entre a banca examinadora e o/a candidato/a e a nota atribuí­da ao/í estudante tendo como objeto de análise sete trechos de redações Enem 2015 que se enquadraram na situação "ferir os direitos humanos" ao tratarem do tema "A persistência da violência contra a mulher" e outros 9 trechos de redações Enem 2016 no mesmo cenário, cujo tema era "Caminhos para combater a intolerância religiosa no Brasil". Quanto ao alicerce teórico, reúnem-se aspectos da perspectiva dialogal da argumentação, principalmente o conceito de estase argumentativa, retomado por Christian Plantin, bem como os conceitos de topoi e doxai. Tal alicerce foi utilizado para análise dos 16 excertos disponibilizados pelo INEP com o objetivo de verificar como a construção de um ponto de vista que fira os direitos humanos gera a estase argumentativa e, ainda, como ocorre simultaneamente a interrupção de tal estase pelo processo de correção. As correlações aqui percebidas e observadas possuem importância no âmbito discursivo, pois concretizam, a partir dos conceitos mobilizados, uma análise que busca enxergar a imbricação do campo da argumentação com aspectos do Modelo Dialogal, tais como aqueles relativos à constituição dos atores da argumentação e da estase argumentativa.
The Diffusion of Double Entry Bookkeeping before 1800—Establishing a New Research Agenda
Authors: Sangster Alan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
This paper adopts a traditional critical-historical research methodology focusing on context and function to investigate and explain the factors that led to widespread adoption and diffusion of double entry bookkeeping within and beyond its Italian roots before 1800. It finds double entry facilitated use of credit in the face of shortage of coinage. Its use spread among moneychanger-bankers at regional fairs across northern Italy, and from there to merchants and into communities of that region. Migration of Italian international-merchant-bankers across Europe led to its diffusion into clearing at the major international trade and financial markets they controlled, together with the system of bills of exchange they devised to facilitate settlement of obligations. Its use became mandatory at fairs along with bills of exchange, diffusing into the permanent early modern centers of trade and finance in Amsterdam and London, while increasing availability of resources to learn the method completed the process.