bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired permeability and antimicrobial barriers in type 2 diabetes skin are linked to increased serum levels of advanced glycation end‐product
Authors: Kim Jae‐Hong , Yoon Na Young , Kim Dong Hye , Jung Minyoung , Jun Myungsoo , Park Hwa‐Young , Chung Choon Hee , Lee Kyohoon , Kim Sunki , Park Chang Seo , Liu Kwang‐Hyeon , Choi Eung Ho 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been increasing rapidly, and the disease has become a serious sociomedical problem. Many skin problems, such as xerosis, pruritus, skin infections and delayed wound healing, that might be related to chronic impairment of skin barrier function decrease the quality of life in patients with DM. However, the status of the permeability and antimicrobial barrier of the skin in DM remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate skin barrier impairment in patients with type 2 DM and its pathomechanisms using classic animal models of type 2 DM. Functional studies of the skin barrier and an analysis of stratum corneum (SC) lipids were compared between patients with type 2 DM and age‐ and sex‐matched non‐diabetes controls. Also, functional studies on the skin barrier, epidermal lipid analyses, and electron microscopy and biomolecular studies were performed using type 2 DM animal models, db/db and ob/ob mice. Patients with type 2 DM presented with epidermal barrier impairments, including SC hydration, which was influenced by blood glucose control (HbA1c level). In the lipid analysis of SC, ceramides, fatty acids and cholesterol were significantly decreased in patients with type 2 DM compared with controls. Type 2 DM murine models presented with severe hyperglycaemia, impairment of skin barrier homeostasis, decreases in epidermal proliferation and epidermal lipid synthesis, decreases in lamellar body (LB) and epidermal antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), an increase in receptors for advanced glycation end‐product (AGE) in the epidermis and an increase in serum AGE. Impairment of the skin barrier was observed in type 2 DM, which results in part from a decrease in epidermal proliferation. Serum AGE and its epidermal receptors were increased in type 2 diabetic mice which display impaired skin barrier parameters such as epidermal lipid synthesis, LB production, epidermal AMP and SC lipids.
Mammalian mitophagy – from in vitro molecules to in vivo models
Authors: Rodger Catherine E. , McWilliams Thomas G. , Ganley Ian G. 
Published: November 2017

The autophagic turnover of mitochondria, termed mitophagy, is thought to play an essential role in not only maintaining the health of the mitochondrial network but also that of the cell and organism as a whole. We have come a long way in identifying the molecular components required for mitophagy through extensive in vitro work and cell line characterisation, yet the physiological significance and context of these pathways remain largely unexplored. This is highlighted by the recent development of new mouse models that have revealed a striking level of variation in mitophagy, even under normal conditions. Here, we focus on programmed mitophagy and summarise our current understanding of why, how and where this takes place in mammals.
Crystal structure and catalytic characterization of the dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 (DHRS4) from Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kisiela Michael , Faust Annette , Ebert Bettina , Maser Edmund , Scheidig Axel J. 
Published: November 2017

The human dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 (DHRS4) is a tetrameric protein that is involved in the metabolism of several aromatic carbonyl compounds, steroids, and bile acids. The only invertebrate DHRS4 that has been characterized to date is that from the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. We have previously cloned and initially characterized this protein that was recently annotated as DHRS4_CAEEL in the UniProtKB database. Crystallization and X‐ray diffraction studies of the full‐length DHRS4_CAEEL protein in complex with diacetyl revealed its tetrameric structure and showed that two subunits are connected via an intermolecular disulfide bridge that is formed by N‐terminal cysteine residues (Cys5) of each protein chain, which increases the enzymatic activity. A more detailed biochemical and catalytic characterization shows that DHRS4_CAEEL shares some properties with human DHRS4 such as relatively low substrate affinities with aliphatic α‐diketones and a preference for aromatic dicarbonyls such as isatin, with a 30‐fold lower Km value compared with the human enzyme. Moreover, DHRS4_CAEEL is active with aliphatic aldehydes (e.g. hexanal), while human DHRS4 is not. Dehydrogenase activity with alcohols was only observed with aromatic alcohols. Protein thermal shift assay revealed a stabilizing effect of phosphate buffer that was accompanied by an increase in catalytic activity of more than two‐fold. The study of DHRS4 homologs in simple lineages such as C. elegans may contribute to our understanding of the original function of this protein that has been shaped by evolutionary processes in the course of the development from invertebrates to higher mammalian species.DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB under the accession numbers 5OJG and 5OJI.
Can bladder preservation therapy come to the center stage?
Authors: Inamoto Teruo , Ibuki Naokazu , Komura Kazumasa , Juri Hiroshi , Yamamoto Kiyohito , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Fujita Kazutoshi , Nonomura Norio , Narumi Yoshifumi , Azuma Haruhito 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDecision‐making in urological cancer care requires a multidisciplinary approach for refinement, but its impact on urothelial carcinoma of the bladder has not been fully addressed for the past three decades, except for the latest immunological checkpoint inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for metastatic muscle‐invasive bladder cancer that is resistant to platinum‐based chemotherapy. For the time being, radical cystectomy is the gold standard of curative therapy for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. Trimodal therapy that combines chemotherapy for the purpose of radiation sensitization, external beam radiotherapy and transurethral resection of bladder tumor has emerged as a potential alternative treatment option that preserves the bladder. In lack of randomized studies for bladder preservation therapy compared with surgery, the principles of management of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder have evolved in recent times, with an emphasis on bladder preservation. A number of bladder preservation techniques are available to the surgeon; however, appropriately selected patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer should be offered the opportunity to discuss various treatment options, including organ‐sparing trimodal therapy. The aim of the present study was to compare the primary outcomes of the available treatment methods and identify the sources of variance among studies. A review of various bladder preservation techniques in vogue for the management of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is discussed.
Negative pressure wound therapy in complex cranio‐maxillofacial and cervical wounds
Authors: Novelli Giorgio , Daleffe Francesco , Birra Gisella , Canzi Gabriele , Mazzoleni Fabio , Boni Pietro , Maino Clara , Giussani Carlo , Sozzi Davide , Bozzetti Alberto 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe care and the management of the healing of difficult wounds at the level of the skull‐facial face many problems related to patient compliance and the need to perform multiple dressings, with long periods of healing and, occasionally, a very long hospitalisation period. The introduction and evolution of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in the treatment of difficult wounds has resulted in better healing, with a drastic reduction in terms of time and biological costs to the patient and cost to the health care system. The main aim of this study is to describe and discuss, using out our experience, the usefulness of NPWT in the cranial‐facial‐cervical region. We studied 16 patients with complex wounds of the cranial‐facial‐cervical region treated with NPWT. We divided clinical cases in four groups: cervicofacial infectious disease, healing complications in oncological‐reconstructive surgery, healing complications of injury with exposure of bone and/or internal fixations and healing complications in traumatic injury with loss of substance. We evaluated complete or incomplete wound healing; application time, related also to hospitalisation time; days of intensive care unit (ICU) stay; management of the upper airways; timing of medication renewal; and patient comfort and compliance (on a scale of 1–5). Depression values were always between −75 and −125 mmHg in a continuous aspiration pattern. For every patient, we used the ActiVAC Therapy Unit, derived from the vacuum‐assisted closure system (Kinetic Concepts Inc., San Antonio, TX). Medication renewals were performed every 48–72 hours. The NPWT application time ranged from 4 to 22 days (mean of 11·57 day). Therapy was effective to gain a complete restitutio ad integrum in every patient included in the group of cervicofacial infectious disease. Therapy has, however, been well tolerated in our series; this is probably due to the decreased number of applications, the ease of use and the comfort of the system relative to traditional dressing. Results were satisfactory for most of cases treated; faster and more effective wound healing was achieved. The lower number of NPWT applications, relating to standard dressings, led to an increase in patient comfort and compliance and a decrease in the use of medical, and in some cases economic, resources according to international literature.
Creation of 3D terahertz photonic crystals by the direct writing technique with a TiO2 sol‐gel ink
Authors: Wang Rong , Yang Weiyi , Zhu Pengfei , Gao Shuang , Li Bo , Li Qi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThree‐dimensional TiO2 woodpile terahertz photonic crystals with feature size less than 100 μm were created by the direct writing technique with a TiO2 sol‐gel ink. With proper heat treatment, the rheological properties of the TiO2 sol‐gel ink were modulated to meet the requirement to construct 3D‐TPCs with feature size less than 100 μm by the direct writing technique. Well‐crystallized rutile TiO2 3D‐TPCs were obtained by the calcination process to provide the required high refractive indices, while the lattice periods of these TiO2 3D‐TPCs could be changed to tune their terahertz properties. With the increase of the lattice period, a shift of their THz photonic band gap peaks toward the lower frequency was observed in both the simulated and experimental investigations.
Taxonomic decomposition of the latitudinal gradient in species diversity of North American floras
Authors: Weiser Michael D. , Swenson Nathan G. , Enquist Brian J. , Michaletz Sean T. , Waide Robert B. , Zhou Jizhong , Kaspari Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimTo test the latitudinal gradient in plant species diversity for self‐similarity across taxonomic scales and amongst taxa.LocationNorth America.MethodsWe used species richness data from 245 local vascular plant floras to quantify the slope and shape of the latitudinal gradients in species diversity (LGSD) across all plant species as well as within each family and order. We calculated the contribution of each family and order to the empirical LGSD.ResultsWe observed the canonical LGSD when all plants were considered with floras at the lowest latitudes having, on average, 451 more species than floras at the highest latitudes. When considering slope alone, most orders and families showed the expected negative slope, but 31.7% of families and 27.7% of orders showed either no significant relationship between latitude and diversity or a reverse LGSD. Latitudinal patterns of family diversity account for at least 14% of this LGSD. Most orders and families did not show the negative slope and concave‐down quadratic shape expected by the pattern for all plant species. A majority of families did not make a significant contribution in species to the LGSD with 53% of plant families contributing little to nothing to the overall gradient. Ten families accounted for more than 70% of the gradient. Two families, the Asteraceae and Fabaceae, contributed a third of the LGSD.Main ConclusionsThe empirical LGSD we describe here is a consequence of a gradient in the number of families and diversification within relative few plant families. Macroecological studies typically aim to generate models that are general across taxa with the implicit assumption that the models are general within taxa. Our results strongly suggest that models of the latitudinal gradient in plant species richness that rely on environmental covariates (e.g. temperature, energy) are likely not general across plant taxa.
Environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity (alpha, beta and gamma components) in estuarine fish communities
Authors: Teichert Nils , Lepage Mario , Chevillot Xavier , Lobry Jérémy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimWe applied a diversity partitioning approach to identify the influence of multiple environmental factors on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of estuarine fish assemblages at different spatial scales. Our aim was to determine (1) how variation in γ‐diversity (estuary scale) is supported by changes in α‐ (local scale) and β‐components (dissimilarity between these two scales) for the three diversity facets and (2) how these diversity measures are related to biogeographic, hydroclimatic, marine, estuarine and land cover conditions.LocationFrench estuaries, North East Atlantic.TaxonFish communities.MethodsFish assemblages were sampled using standardized beam trawl surveys in 32 estuaries during spring and autumn (period 2005–2016). The Rao's quadratic entropy was used to decompose the γ‐diversity into α‐diversity and β‐diversity. For the three diversity facets, we used linear mixed models (LMMs) to determine the strength of the relationships between α‐, β‐ and γ‐diversities. Then, LMMs were applied to identify which environmental factors were the best predictors of diversity patterns.ResultsVariability in γ‐diversity is better explained by β‐diversity than by local (α‐) diversity for the three diversity facets. The relationship between γ‐ and α‐diversity revealed a saturation effect for both taxonomic and phylogenetic indices. The influence of the five categories of explanatory variables differed depending on the diversity facet and component. We found that marine conditions were the primary drivers of phylogenetic and functional α‐diversity, whereas β‐diversity was mainly influenced by estuarine characteristics. LMMs also evidenced a role of biogeographic, hydroclimatic and land cover conditions on β‐diversity.Main conclusionsOur results support the statement that fish diversity is chiefly supported by changes in species composition along estuarine gradients, while functional dissimilarity is limited in space and time. Although diversity is influenced by numerous environmental factors, the ecological connection with the marine ecosystem appears as a key component to promote local diversity.
Quality of development and reporting of dietetic intervention studies in primary care: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Ball L. E. , Sladdin I. K. , Mitchell L. J. , Barnes K. A. , Ross L. J. , Williams L. T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐quality research methodologies and clear reporting of studies are essential to facilitate confidence in research findings. The aim of the present study was to conduct an in‐depth examination of the methodological quality and reporting of studies included in a recent systematic review of dietitians’ effectiveness at providing individualised nutrition care to adult patients.MethodsThe methodological quality and reporting of 27 Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) were appraised using the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) Guidelines for complex interventions and the CONSORT checklist for reporting RCTs. A quality appraisal checklist was developed for each guideline/assessment tool aiming to evaluate the extent to which each study met the designated criteria. Excerpts from studies that best addressed criteria were collated to provide exemplary accounts of how criteria may be achieved in future studies.ResultsNone of the reviewed studies met more than half of the MRC Guidance criteria, indicating that there is clear room for improvement in reporting the methodological underpinnings of these studies. Similarly, no studies met all criteria of the CONSORT checklist, suggesting that there is also room for improvement in the design and reporting of studies in this field.ConclusionsDietitians, researchers and journal editors are encouraged to use the results and exemplary accounts from this review to identify key aspects of studies that could be improved in future research. Improving future research will enhance the quality of the evidence‐base that investigates the outcomes of dietary interventions involving dietitians.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in two captive golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)
Authors: de Carvalho Tatiane Furtado , de Paula Martins Pereira Marianna , Pessanha Angela Tinoco , Tinoco Herlandes Penha , Paixão Tatiane Alves , Santos Renato Lima 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTwo cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 2 female captive golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) are described. HCC was diagnosed in both, with pulmonary metastasis in one of them. Neoplastic cells were positive for hepatocyte‐specific antigen (HSA) by immunohistochemistry, confirming the diagnosis.
Acute care nurses' views on family participation and collaboration in fundamental care
Authors: Mackie Benjamin R , Marshall Andrea , Mitchell Marion 
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectivesTo understand the beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of nurses regarding family participation and collaboration in the care of their hospitalized adult relative.BackgroundFamily participation in care is known to enhance the quality of patient care. Nurses are uniquely placed to support such participation, including the delivery of fundamental care. However, nurses' attitudes and beliefs may help or hinder participation.DesignA mixed methods approach with an exploratory sequential design was used.SettingA regional referral hospital in Australia.ParticipantsNurses were eligible to participate in the study if they were permanent staff of the hospital, and who in their day‐to‐day work had direct contact with adult patients and their families on acute care wards.MethodsObserver‐as‐participant observation data and semi‐structured interviews were undertaken. 30 hr of observational data were gathered, and 14 nurses were interviewed. Data collection occurred between September and December 2016. Following separate analysis, data were triangulated.ResultsAnalysis uncovered two contrasting categories: (i) enacting family participation (four themes); and (ii) hindering family participation (five themes).ConclusionThe findings of our study demonstrated that the practices of nurses do not always align with healthcare policies, and strategies to support nurses to enact patient‐ and family‐centred practices are needed.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses can use these findings to make informed evidence‐based changes to the way they practice and communicate with families to ensure fundamental care is delivered.
Bidirectional associations between emotions and school adjustment
Authors: Hernández Maciel M. , Eisenberg Nancy , Valiente Carlos , Spinrad Tracy L. , Berger Rebecca H. , VanSchyndel Sarah K. , Silva Kassondra M. , Diaz Anjolii , Thompson Marilyn S. , Gal Diana E. , Southworth Jody 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the relations of children's (N = 301) observed expression of negative and positive emotion in classes or nonclassroom school contexts (i.e., lunch and recess) to school adjustment from kindergarten to first grade.MethodNaturalistic observations of children's emotional expressivity were collected, as were teachers' reports of children's school engagement and relationship quality with teachers and peers.ResultsIn longitudinal panel models, greater teacher–student conflict and lower student engagement in kindergarten predicted greater negative expressivity in both school contexts. School engagement and peer acceptance in kindergarten positively predicted first grade positive emotion in the classroom. Suggestive of possible bidirectional relations, there was also small unique prediction (near significant) from negative expressivity at lunch and recess to higher teacher–student conflict, from negative expressivity in the classroom to low peer acceptance, and from positive expressivity in the classroom to higher peer acceptance.ConclusionsThe pattern of findings suggests that the quality of experience at school uniquely predicts children's emotional expressivity at school more consistently than vice versa—a finding that highlights the important role of school context in young children's emotionality at school.
Let it go: Relationship autonomy predicts pro‐relationship responses to partner transgressions
Authors: Hadden Benjamin W. , Baker Zachary G. , Knee C. Raymond 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present research is to better understand how relationship autonomy—having more self‐determined reasons for being committed to a relationship—contributes to pro‐relationship responses to transgressions in romantic relationships (e.g., forgiveness and accommodation).MethodStudy 1 employed a cross‐sectional design (N = 350) and Study 2 used a weekly diary (N = 121) to test associations between relationship autonomy and pro‐relationship responses to transgressions. Studies 3 and 4 utilized dyadic designs (Study 3: N = 200 couples, 400 individuals; Study 4: N = 275 couples, 550 individuals) to determine how both partners' relationship autonomy is associated with pro‐relationship responses.ResultsResults revealed that relationship autonomy is robustly associated with pro‐relationship responses to transgressions, both as general tendencies and as responses to idiosyncratic transgressions. Results of actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) analyses in Studies 3 and 4 provide evidence that one's partner's relationship autonomy is important for promoting pro‐relationship responses as well. Study 4 also found that people perceive that partners respond better to transgressions if their partner is high in relationship autonomy.ConclusionsThis research provides consistent and compelling evidence that the degree of self‐determination underlying commitment is important for understanding how people respond to transgressions in their relationships, beyond their current levels of commitment.