bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of risk premium in farm technology adoption as a climate change adaptation strategy in the dryland systems of India
Authors: Kakumanu Krishna Reddy , Kuppanan Palanisami , Ranganathan C.R. , Shalander Kumar , Amare Haileslassie 
Published: December 2016

PurposeChanging climate has increasingly become a challenge for smallholder farmers. Identification of technical, institutional and policy interventions as coping and adaptation strategies and exploring risks of their adoption for smallholder farms are the important areas to consider. The aim of the present study was to carry out an in-depth analysis of adaptation strategies followed and the associated risk premium in technology adoption.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out in the dryland systems of three Indian states – Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan – and was based on a survey of 1,019 households in 2013. The flexible moment-based approach was used for estimating the stochastic production function, which allowed estimation of the relative risk premium that farmers are willing to pay while adopting the technologies to avoid crop production risks.FindingsIn all the three states, the risk premium (INR ha−1) was higher for farm mechanization compared to supplemental irrigation, except in the case of Andhra Pradesh. The higher the level of technology adoption, the higher the risk premium that households have to pay. This can be estimated by the higher investment needed to build infrastructure for farm mechanization and supplemental irrigation in the regions. The key determinants of technology adoption in the context of smallholder farmers were climatic shocks, investment in farm infrastructure, location of the farm, farm size, household health status, level of education, married years, expected profit and livestock ownership.Originality/valueQuantification of the risk premium in technology adoption and conducting associated awareness programs for farmers and decision-makers are important to strengthen evidence-based adoption decisions in the dryland systems of India.
Developing a joint outcomes contracting model for integrated health and social care for older people
Authors: Billings Jenny , Davis Alison 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Current debates surrounding the NHS contract in England are suggesting that it is in need of change to support an integrated health and social care transformation agenda that meets the needs of an ageing chronically ill population. The purpose of this paper is to describe a three-phase project in England that sought to develop and validate a whole systems contracting model for integrated health and social care focusing on older people with long-term conditions, and based on joint outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
A participative mixed-method approach for the development of the contracting model was used; this consisted of a literature review, a design phase drawing on consensus method through stakeholder discussions and an international validation phase.

Findings
The final contracting model consists of four overarching and interrelated core elements: outcomes; partnership, collaboration and leadership; financial: incentives and risk; and legal criteria. Each core element has a series of more detailed contracting criteria, followed by further specifications attached to each criteria.

Research limitations/implications
While the policy environment appears to be conducive to change and encourages the adoption of new ways of thinking, there are difficulties with the implementation of new innovative models that challenge the status quo, and this is discussed.

Practical implications
The paper concludes with reflections on the way forward for local development and implementation.

Originality/value
There is currently much discussion for the need to realign contracting for integrated care that has a better fit for the transformation agenda, but until now, there have been no attempts to develop a whole systems approach that focusses on joint outcomes. This research bridges the gap but recognizes the challenges to implementation.
OD, change management, and the a priori: introducing parrhesia
Authors: Sementelli Arthur Jay 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a Foucauldian concept into the theory and practice of OD and change management. The piece challenges Habermasian a priori assumptions about organizational diagnosis and intervention.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper.FindingsLiterature points to the benefit of considering the possibility of parrhesiastic behavior in change management and organization development as part of a broader set of diagnostic tools.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should engage in practice driven test cases, interview practicing change managers, and refine the concept for use as a diagnostic tool.Practical implicationsIncluding discussions of parrhesia in change management and OD study and practices can better prepare change professionals for the realities of contemporary organizational practices.Originality/valueTo date, the links developed in this manuscript have not been made in the management literature, though it builds upon emerging literature in critical management studies and human resource management. It has the potential to influence both theory and practices of both OD and change management.
Recent trends in microwave assisted synthesis of fluorescent dyes
Authors: Elgemeie Galal H. , Masoud Doaa M. 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to focus on the most popular technique nowadays, the use of microwave irradiation in organic synthesis; in a few years, most chemists will use microwave energy to heat chemical reactions on a laboratory scale. Also, many scientists use microwave technology in the industry. They have turned to microwave synthesis as a frontline methodology for their projects. Microwave and microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has emerged as a new “lead” in organic synthesis.Design/methodology/approachUsing microwave radiation for synthesis and design of fluorescent dyes is of great interest, as it decreases the time required for synthesis and the synthesized dyes can be applied to industrial scale.FindingsThe technique offers many advantages, as it is simple, clean, fast, efficient and economical for the synthesis of a large number of organic compounds. These advantages encourage many chemists to switch from the traditional heating method to microwave-assisted chemistry.Practical implicationsThis review highlights applications of microwave chemistry in organic synthesis for fluorescent dyes. Fluorescents are a fairly new and very heavily used class of organics. These materials have many applications, as a penetrant liquid for crack detection, synthetic resins, plastics, printing inks, non-destructive testing and sports ball dyeing.Originality/valueThe aim value of this review is to define the scope and limitation of microwave synthesis procedures for the synthesis of novel fluorescent dyes via a simple and economic way.
Photocatalytic activity of ZnO-MnO2 core shell nanocomposite in degradation of RhB dye
Authors: Pung Swee-Yong , Chan Yim-Leng , Sreekantan Srimala , Yeoh Fei-Yee 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to synthesize a semiconductor photocatalyst which responds to both UV light and visible light in removal of organic dyes.

Design/methodology/approach
ZnO nanoparticles were pre-synthesised via sol-gel method using zinc nitrate tetrahydrate and methanamine at 90°C for 20 h. Subsequently, the as-synthesised ZnO nanoparticles were filtered, washed and dried. To synthesize ZnO-MnO2 core shell nanocomposites (CSNs), 2:3 M ratio of KMnO4 and MnSO4 solution was stirred for an hour. Next, ZnO nanoparticles were added into the solution. The solution was heated at 160°C for 3 h for the formation of ZnO-MnO2 CSNs. The structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO-MnO2 CSNs were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometer and PL spectroscopy, respectively.

Findings
The photodegradation efficiencies of rhodamine B (RhB) dye by ZnO-MnO2 CSNs as photocatalysts are 87.1 per cent under UV irradiation and 76.6 per cent under visible light irradiation, respectively. Their corresponding rate constants are 0.016 min−1 under UV irradiation and 0.013 min−1 under visible light irradiation. It can be concluded that N-deethylation was the dominant step during the photodegradation of RhB dye as compared to cycloreversion. The ZnO-MnO2 CSNs demonstrated good photostability after three consecutive runs.

Originality/value
ZnO-MnO2 CSN photocatalyst which could response to UV and visible light in degradation of RhB dye was synthesised using sol-gel method. The analysis shows that N-deethylation was the key photodegradation mechanism of RhB by ZnO-MnO2 CSN.
Synthesis and characterisation of heatproof polyester polyols used in polyurethane adhesive
Authors: Xu Tingting , Zhang Cuifeng , Chen Lijun 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Presently, a wide range of polyurethane adhesives can be obtained using different kinds of polyols and isocyanates. However, the applied temperature of the polyurethane adhesive is not more than 80°C. The film of polyurethane adhesive will be softened and deformed when its applied temperature is more than 100°C. Thus, the mechanical property of the polyurethane adhesive is decreased clearly, which limits its further application. The purpose of the study is to improve the heat resistance of polyols, especially polyester polyols and its resultant polyurethane adhesives.

Design/methodology/approach
The more rigid benzene ring is introduced into the polyester polyols to improve the heat resistance of its resultant polyurethane adhesive.

Findings
The more rigid benzene ring has ben introduced into the polyester polyols and the heat resistance of its resultant polyurethane adhesive is improved.

Originality/value
The polyester polyols with more rigid benzene ring have been prepared successfully by the vacuum melting method when diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, ethanediol, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, sebacic acid and adipic acid are used as raw materials and tetra-isopropyl titanate is adopted as the catalyst.
Polyurethane based finishing of cotton fabric for imparting multifunctional properties by using central composite design
Authors: Raza Zulfiqar Ali , Rehman Aisha , Masood Rashid 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to overcome discomfort associated with it, a resin finish was applied in conjunction with hydrophilic polyurethane.

Design/methodology/approach
The process variables included concentrations of polyurethane and resin finishes, and pH under central composite design (CCD). The fabric specimens were assessed for crease recovery angle (CRA), tensile strength and moisture management properties.

Findings
Some models were developed for prediction of CRA and overall moisture management capability (OMMC) of treated fabric. It was observed that polyurethane concentration showed a parabolic relationship with CRA and a direct relationship with OMMC, whereas resin concentration showed a parabolic relationship with CRA and an inverse relationship with OMMC. Increase in pH from acidic to alkaline resulted in a decrease in CRA but an increase in OMMC. The untreated specimen had the highest tensile strength, whereas the specimen treated with polyurethane showed the least tensile strength loss, and the one treated with resin showed the highest loss in tensile strength.

Practical implications
As the polyurethane-based finish is soft and hydrophilic, so it was expected that it would overcome the uncomfortable feature of durable press finish, and with its flexibility, the strength losses might reduce.

Originality/value
This is the first report about the investigation of effects of increasing flexibility of the cross-link by incorporating polyurethane compounds into a typical dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea durable press resin formulation.
Dental Age Estimation: Pattern Recognition of Root Canal Widths of Mandibular Molars. A Novel Mandibular Maturity Marker at the 18‐Year Threshold
Authors: Roberts Graham J. , Lucas Victoria S. , Andiappan Manoharan , McDonald Fraser 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe final stage of third molar development is used to assign a subject to above the 18‐year threshold. Some subjects exhibiting this final stage are less than 18 years. Radiographs from 1000 females and 1000 males age 16.00–25.99 years were examined. Each half‐year age band comprised 50 females and 50 males. Three categories of root canal widths (RCW) of theLL6,LL7, andLL8 [FDI36, 37, and 38] were defined. Reproducibility was achieved by re‐assessing the same subjects 12 months apart. For females, the minimum value forRCW‐A was 16.33 years,RCW‐B 17.23 years, andRCW‐C 18.45 years. For males, the minimum values wereRCW‐A 17.16 years,RCW‐B 18.29 years, andRCW‐C 18.16 years. The presence ofRCW‐C in a female, and the presence ofRCW‐B orRCW‐C in a male is compelling evidence that the subject is above the 18‐year threshold.
No clinically meaningful weight changes in a young cohort following total joint arthroplasty at 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Formby Peter M. , Purcell Richard L. , Baird Michael , Wagner Matthew , Goodlett Ronald P. , Mack Andrew W. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundTotal joint arthroplasty (TJA) is one of the most successful operations. There is little in the literature regarding weight change following TJA, particularly in a young cohort.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 181 primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and 185 primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients was conducted. We reviewed preoperative and post‐operative weights and post‐operative body mass index at 3 and 6 months, 1 year, 2 and 3 years. We evaluated expected versus actual weight gain, and performed subgroup analyses of obese versus non‐obese patients and active duty versus civilian patients. We used a minimal clinically meaningful weight change from baseline of ≥5%.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐one (41.3%) patients were active duty military service members with the mean age of 53 ± 11.1 years. In TKA patients, statistically significant differences were found in mean weights at 3 months (−1.8%, P ≤ 0.0001) and 2 years (+1.9%, P = 0.0006). In THA patients, statistically significant weight gains were found at 6 months (+1.1%, P = 0.006). For obese TKA patients, significant weight changes were observed at 3 months (−2.5%, P ≤ 0.0001), and none in the obese THA group. There were no statistical or clinically meaningful weight changes in the non‐obese TKA or THA groups. There was a clinically meaningful weight gain in active duty TKA patients at 3 years (5.18%, P = 0.17).ConclusionDespite a theoretical ability to lose weight following TJA, patients maintain their preoperative weight following TJA. We found a clinically meaningful weight gain at 3 years post‐operatively only in active duty TKA patients. Overall, however, we found no clinically significant weight changes following TJA at 3‐year follow‐up.
Lower urinary tract imaging in pelvic fracture: an 11‐year review of genitourinary complications and clinical outcomes
Authors: Choi Wilson , Rhee Handoo , Chung Eric 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundDiagnostic cysto‐urethrogram (CUG) is accepted as the standard of imaging for lower urinary tract (LUT) injuries in patients with pelvic fracture. This study evaluates the prevalence of LUT trauma and adequacy of diagnostic CUG in the initial assessment of patients with pelvic fractures.MethodsA retrospective review on all patients admitted with pelvic trauma between 2002 and 2012 was undertaken following ethics approval. Patient demographics such as pelvic fracture pattern, genitourinary injury, diagnostic imaging tests and clinical outcomes were reviewed.ResultsA total of 99 patients were identified during the 11 years. Nine patients were excluded due to prior LUT imaging at another hospital. Of the 90 patients, macroscopic haematuria was present in 63 patients (70%), and LUT injury was diagnosed in 42 patients (46.6%). LUT imaging was performed in 30 patients (33.3%) – four patients with urethrogram alone, 17 had cystogram alone and nine patients underwent CUG. An oblique view was included in five of 20 studies (25%) performed with direct fluoroscopy. Adequate bladder filling was present in 17 of 26 bladder imaging studies (65.3%). LUT injury was missed in seven of 90 patients (7.8%) due to the absence of imaging. This consisted of one patient with urethral injury and six patients with bladder injury, all of whom experienced delays in treatment. Long‐term genitourinary dysfunction was present in three of seven patients with delayed diagnosis.ConclusionIncomplete CUG in the assessment of pelvic fracture can result in treatment delay and genitourinary dysfunction.
Exploring the relevance of single‐gender group formation: What we learn from a massive open online course (MOOC)
Authors: Bayeck Rebecca Yvonne , Hristova Adelina , Jablokow Kathryn W. , Bonafini Fernanda 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper reports the results of an exploratory study on participants’ perception of the importance of single‐gender grouping in a massive open online course (MOOC) delivered through the Coursera platform. Findings reveal that female and male learners’ perception of single‐gender grouping differs. Female students more than males indicated less preference for single‐gender grouping. Views on single‐gender grouping also differed across regions, suggesting the effect of participants’ regions of origin on their opinions about single‐gender grouping. Moreover, an interaction was established between participants’ region and gender. In particular, our study reveals that men in the “Asia and Pacific” region tended—more than men and women from other regions of the world—to give more importance to single‐gender grouping in this MOOC. In addition, younger participants cared less about single‐gender groups compared to older respondents. This study sheds light on our understanding of the importance of gender and age importance in online learning environments such as MOOCs. The findings also point to the role gender and age may play as MOOCs continue to gain in popularity and to adopt collaborative approaches to teaching and learning.
Which students benefit most from a flipped classroom approach to language learning?
Authors: Chuang Hsueh‐Hua , Weng Chih‐Yuan , Chen Ching‐Huei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractResearch has shown that the potential benefits of a flipped classroom could be diminished by the way students perceive and prepare information prior to class. This study aims to explore individual characteristics, such as learner motivation, self‐efficacy and epistemology beliefs, that might have an impact on learning outcomes in a flipped classroom. Data were collected using four instruments during a 7‐week flipped classroom conducted from mid‐September 2014 to mid‐November 2014 with a total enrolment of 85 students (10 females and 75 males) in the required course, Applied English for Vocational Education. After controlling for pre‐test and other covariates (eg, gender, grade and experience), an analysis based on structural equation modeling showed a positive and significant (β = 0.12, p < 0.05) indirect effect of instrumentality (promotion) on the change in test scores through averaged quiz scores. Beliefs had a significant positive effect on change in scores between pre‐ and post‐tests (β = 0.20, p < 0.05). Findings revealed that language learners with a high level of motivation in instrumentality (promotion) followed quiz mechanisms closely and thus benefited most from the flipped classroom. Learners with high beliefs exhibited improvement in the post‐tests without doing well in quizzes. The implications for a flipped language learning classroom are discussed, including multiple strategies for regulating learners of different personal traits to preview the online course content before class.
The severity of anaemia depletes cerebrovascular dilatory reserve in children with sickle cell disease: a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Kosinski Przemyslaw D. , Croal Paula L. , Leung Jackie , Williams Suzan , Odame Isaac , Hare Gregory M. T. , Shroff Manohar , Kassner Andrea 
Published: December 2016

SummaryOvert ischaemic stroke is one of the most devastating complications in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). The compensatory response to anaemia in SCD includes an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) by accessing cerebrovascular dilatory reserve. Exhaustion of dilatory reserve secondary to anaemic stress may lead to cerebral ischaemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate CBF and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with SCD and to correlate these with haematological markers of anaemia. Baseline CBF was measured using arterial spin labelling. Blood‐oxygen level‐dependent MRI in response to a CO2 stimulus was used to acquire CVR. In total, 28 children with SCD (23 not on any disease‐modifying treatment, 5 on chronic transfusion) and 22 healthy controls were imaged using MRI. Transfusion patients were imaged at two time points to assess the effect of changes in haematocrit after a transfusion cycle. In children with SCD, CBF was significantly elevated compared to healthy controls, while CVR was significantly reduced. Both measures were significantly correlated with haematocrit. For transfusion patients, CBF decreased and CVR increased following a transfusion cycle. Lastly, a significant correlation was observed between CBF and CVR in both children with SCD and healthy controls.
Measurement Issues: Large effect sizes do not mean most people get better – clinical significance and the importance of individual results
Authors: Jensen Scott A. , Corralejo Samantha M. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundThis paper seeks to compare group statistical analysis with effect size, group measures of clinical significance (Reliable Change Index and normative comparison), and individual analysis of clinical significance.MethodMeasures of variables important to parenting and child behavior improvement (Parenting Scale, Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory, and Parenting Stress Index [PSI]) were administered pre and post for a 9‐ to 10‐week group Behavioral Parent Training Intervention. Analysis compares traditional group statistical significance testing with group measure of clinical significance and individual analysis of clinical significance.ResultsAll three measures demonstrated statistically significant differences from pre to post, with large effect sizes. Group measures of clinical significance, however, demonstrated meaningful change only on the PSI, while individual analysis showed improvements of 54% of participants at best and 0% at worst.ConclusionsIndividual analysis of clinical significance provides valuable information in treatment outcomes and should be included as a standard practice in outcomes research.