bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of solvents on apically extruded debris and irrigant during root canal retreatment using reciprocating instruments
Authors: Keskin C. , Sariyilmaz E. , Sariyilmaz O. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of several solvents on the weight of apically extruded debris and irrigant during retreatment using a novel agar gel model.MethodsOrange oil, turpentine oil and chloroform were used as solvents. Eighty single straight‐rooted extracted human mandibular premolar teeth with a single root canal were divided into four groups (n = 20). All specimens were root canal‐filled and weighed prior to their insertion into a prepared 1.5% agar gel model. The mean initial weights were measured by subtracting the weight of the specimen from the weight of the test apparatus and recorded. Following the removal of the coronal 4 mm of root filling, the test solvent was applied onto the root filling. No solvent was used in the control group. A Reciproc R25 instrument was used to remove the root filling in all groups. Apically extruded debris and test solvent were collected during retreatment procedures. The mean weights of apically extruded debris and irrigant were calculated by subtracting the mean initial weights from the weights of test apparatus without the Teflon tape and the specimen following the retreatment procedures. Data were statistically analysed using one‐way analysis of variance.ResultsUse of solvents resulted in significantly less extruded debris and irrigant compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Chloroform extruded significantly more debris than orange oil and turpentine oil (P < 0.05).ConclusionUse of solvents during root filling removal was associated with less apically extruded debris and irrigant when compared to no solvent.
Fish pollutants MeHg and Aroclor cause permanent structural damage in male gonads and kidneys after prepubertal exposure
Authors: Garcia Mariana S. , Constantino Dulce Helena J. , Silva Ana P. G. , Perobelli Juliana E. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThis study investigated whether or not prepubertal exposure to the fish contaminants methylmercury (MeHg) and the polychlorinated bisphenol Aroclor in low doses interferes with the histomorphometry of the testes, epididymis, liver and kidneys in rats. Wistar male rats, 21 days old, were allocated into the following: control (n = 17, received corn oil), MeHg (n = 17, received MeHg at 0.5 mg/kg/day), Aroclor (n = 17, received Aroclor at 1.0 mg/kg/day), low mix (n = 18, received MeHg at 0.05 mg/kg/day and Aroclor at 0.1 mg/kg/day), high mix (n = 18, received MeHg at 0.5 mg/kg/day and Aroclor at 1.0 mg/kg/day). Dosing continued from post natal day (PND) 23 to 53, by gavage. Euthanasia was performed on PND 53; or, after an interval of 62 days without exposure to chemicals, on PND 115. The degree of maturation of the seminiferous epithelium was delayed in chemical‐exposed groups and testicular interstitial oedema was observed at adulthood. The pattern of male gonad organization was changed in the Aroclor group on PND 53 and in all treated groups at adulthood. The animals from Aroclor, low mix and high mix groups showed a reduction in the number of Sertoli cells. Histological evidence of renal injury was observed in all chemical‐exposed groups in both ages. A probable target for MeHg and Aroclor in the reproductive system was Sertoli cells, in which possible dysfunctions could be linked to the other testicular alterations. Curiously, the main deleterious effects were late outcomes, along with the absence of synergistic interaction of MeHg and Aroclor in the parameters investigated. In conclusion, fish pollutants MeHg and Aroclor caused permanent structural damage in male gonads and kidneys after prepubertal exposure, without showing clear chemical interactions.
Validation of ADAM10 metalloprotease as a Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin functional receptor in Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)
Authors: Ruiz‐Arroyo V. M. , García‐Robles I. , Ochoa‐Campuzano C. , Goig G. A. , Zaitseva E. , Baaken G. , Martínez‐Ramírez A. C. , Rausell C. , Real M. D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis parasporal crystal proteins (Cry proteins) are insecticidal pore‐forming toxins that bind to specific receptor molecules on the brush border membrane of susceptible insect midgut cells to exert their toxic action. In the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), a coleopteran pest, we previously proposed that interaction of Cry3Aa toxin with a CPB ADAM10 metalloprotease is an essential part of the mode of action of this toxin. Here, we annotated the gene sequence encoding an ADAM10 metalloprotease protein (CPB‐ADAM10) in the CPB genome sequencing project, and using RNA interference gene silencing we demonstrated that CPB‐ADAM10 is a Cry3Aa toxin functional receptor in CPB. Cry3Aa toxicity was significantly lower in CPB‐ADAM10 silenced larvae and in vitro toxin pore‐forming ability was greatly diminished in lipid planar bilayers fused with CPB brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) prepared from CPB‐ADAM10 silenced larvae. In accordance with our previous data that indicated this toxin was a substrate of ADAM10 in CPB, Cry3Aa toxin membrane‐associated proteolysis was altered when CPB BBMVs lacked ADAM10. The functional validation of CPB‐ADAM10 as a Cry3Aa toxin receptor in CPB expands the already recognized role of ADAM10 as a pathogenicity determinant of pore‐forming toxins in humans to an invertebrate species.
Chronic oedema: a prevalent health care problem for UK health services
Authors: Moffatt Christine J , Keeley Vaughan , Franks Peter J , Rich Anna , Pinnington Lorraine L 
Published: December 2016

AbstractChronic oedema (CO) is a major clinical problem worldwide, which has many important secondary consequences for health, activity and participation. Effective treatment planning and organisation of services is dependent on an understanding of the condition and its epidemiology. This cross‐sectional study was designed to estimate the point prevalence of CO within the health services of one UK urban population and to determine the proportions that have concurrent leg ulceration.Patients with CO in all anatomic sites were ascertained by health care professionals in one acute and one community hospital, all relevant outpatient and community nursing services, general practices and all nursing/residential homes in one urban catchment area (Derby City). The presence and distribution of oedema was confirmed through a brief clinical examination. A battery of demographic and clinical details was recorded for each case.Within the study population of Derby City residents, 971 patients were identified with CO [estimated crude prevalence 3·93 per 1000, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3·69–4·19]. The prevalence was the highest among those aged 85 or above (28·75 per 1000) and was higher among women (5·37 per 1000) than men (2·48 per 1000). The prevalence among hospital inpatients was 28·5%. Only five (3%) patients in the community population had oedema related to cancer or cancer treatment. Of the 304 patients identified with oedema from the Derby hospitals or community health services, 121 (40%) had a concurrent leg ulcer.Prevalence statistics and current demographic trends indicate that CO is a major and growing health care problem.
Antihypertensive medication adherence and blood pressure control among central Alabama veterans
Authors: Piercefield Emily W. , Howard Molly E. , Robinson Michael H. , Kirk Cain Eric , Ragan Addison P. , Reese Sondra D. 
Published: December 2016

Medication nonadherence is associated with adverse outcomes. To evaluate antihypertensive medication adherence and its association with blood pressure (BP) control, the authors described population adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medication (proportion of days covered ≥80%) and BP control (mean BP <140/90 mm Hg) among central Alabama veterans during the fiscal year 2015. Overall, 75.1% of patients receiving antihypertensive medication were considered adherent, and 66.1% had adequate BP control. Patients adherent to antihypertensive medication were more likely to have adequate BP control compared with patients classified as nonadherent (67.4% vs 62.0%; adjusted odds ratio 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–1.44 [P<.0001]). Among patients who had uncontrolled BP, 73.6% were considered adherent to medication. Adherence to antihypertensive medication was associated with adequate BP control; however, a substantial proportion of patients with inadequate BP control were also considered adherent. Interventions to increase BP control could address more aggressive medication management to achieve BP goals.
Periodontitis is not associated with metabolic risk during the fourth decade of life
Authors: Shearer Dara M. , Thomson W. Murray , Broadbent Jonathan M. , Mann Jim , Poulton Richie 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo examine associations between periodontitis and developmental trajectories of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) during the third and fourth decades in an initially healthy sample.Materials and methodsHbA1c data collected at ages 26, 32 and 38 in the prospective Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study were used to assign study members (n = 893) to trajectories applying group‐based trajectory modelling (GBTM). The model allowed the statistical linking of baseline demographic, smoking and waist‐height ratio covariates to group membership probability; and added a time‐varying covariate (periodontitis) to the trajectories themselves to examine whether events that occurred during the course of the trajectory altered its course.ResultsThree HbA1c trajectory groups were identified: “Low” (n = 98, 11.0%); “Medium” (n = 482, 54.0%); and “High” (n = 313, 35.0%) with mean HbA1c of 29.6, 34.1 and 38.7 mmol/mol, respectively, at age 38. Having periodontitis at 32 and 38 was associated with an upward shift in the trajectories. However, none of the associations were statistically significant.ConclusionsPeriodontitis was not found to be associated with dysglycaemia over 12 years from early adulthood into early middle age. This suggests that any influence periodontitis may have on dysglycaemia develops later in life.
A harsh parenting team? Maternal reports of coparenting and coercive parenting interact in association with children's disruptive behaviour
Authors: Latham Rachel M. , Mark Katharine M. , Oliver Bonamy R. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundParenting and coparenting are both important for children's adjustment, but their interaction has been little explored. Using a longitudinal design and considering two children per family, we investigated mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of coparenting as moderators of associations between their coercive parenting and children's disruptive behaviour.MethodsMothers and fathers from 106 ‘intact’ families were included from the Twins, Family and Behaviour study. At Time 1 (Mchild age = 3 years 11 months, SDchild age = 4.44 months) parents reported on their coercive parenting and children's disruptive behaviour via questionnaire; at Time 2 (Mchild age = 4 years 8 months, SDchild age = 4.44 months) perceptions of coparenting and the marital relationship were collected by telephone interview. Questionnaire‐based reports of children's disruptive behaviour were collected at follow‐up (Mchild age = 5 years 11 months, SDchild age = 5.52 months). Multilevel modelling was used to examine child‐specific and family‐wide effects.ResultsConservative multilevel models including both maternal and paternal perceptions demonstrated that maternal perceptions of coparenting and overall coercive parenting interacted in their prediction of parent‐reported child disruptive behaviour. Specifically, accounting for perceived marital quality, behavioural stability, and fathers’ perceptions, only in the context of perceived higher quality coparenting was there a positive association between mother‐reported overall coercive parenting and children's disruptive behaviour at follow‐up.ConclusionsWhen combined with highly coercive parenting, maternal perceptions of high quality coparenting may be detrimental for children's adjustment.
Observed fearlessness and positive parenting interact to predict childhood callous‐unemotional behaviors among low‐income boys
Authors: Waller Rebecca , Shaw Daniel S. , Hyde Luke W. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundCallous‐unemotional behaviors identify children at risk for severe and chronic antisocial behavior. Research is needed to establish pathways from temperament and parenting factors that give rise to callous‐unemotional behaviors, including interactions of positive versus harsh parenting with child fearlessness.MethodsMultimethod data, including parent reports and observations of parent and child behavior, were drawn from a prospective, longitudinal sample of low‐income boys (N = 310) with assessments at 18, 24, and 42 months, and at ages 10–12 years old.ResultsParent‐reported callous‐unemotional, oppositional, and attention‐deficit factors were separable at 42 months. Callous‐unemotional behaviors at 42 months predicted callous‐unemotional behaviors at ages 10–12, accounting for earlier oppositional and attention‐deficit behaviors and self‐reported child delinquency at ages 10–12. Observations of fearlessness at 24 months predicted callous‐unemotional behaviors at 42 months, but only when parents exhibited low observed levels of positive parenting. The interaction of fearlessness and low positive parenting indirectly predicted callous‐unemotional behaviors at 10–12 via callous‐unemotional behaviors at 42 months.ConclusionsEarly fearlessness interacts with low positive parenting to predict early callous‐unemotional behaviors, with lasting effects of this person‐by‐context interaction on callous‐unemotional behaviors into late childhood.
Urinary Incontinence in Older Women: The Role of Body Composition and Muscle Strength: From the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
Authors: Suskind Anne M. , Cawthon Peggy M. , Nakagawa Sanae , Subak Leslee L. , Reinders Ilse , Satterfield Suzanne , Cummings Steve , Cauley Jane A. , Harris Tamara , Huang Alison J. ,   Health ABC Study
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate prospective relationships between body composition and muscle strength with predominantly stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) in older women.DesignProspective community‐dwelling observational cohort study (Health, Aging, and Body Composition study).ParticipantsWomen initially aged 70 to 79 recruited from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Memphis, Tennessee (N = 1,475).MeasurementsUrinary incontinence was assessed using structured questionnaires. Body mass index (BMI), grip strength, quadriceps torque, and walking speed were assessed using physical examination and performance testing. Appendicular lean body mass (ALM) and whole‐body fat mass were measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsAt baseline, 212 (14%) women reported at least monthly predominantly SUI and 233 (16%) at least monthly predominantly UUI. At 3 years, of 1,137 women, 164 (14%) had new or persistent SUI, and 320 (28%) had new or persistent UUI. Women had greater odds of new or persistent SUI if they demonstrated a 5% or greater decrease in grip strength, (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.60, P = .047) and lower odds of new or persistent SUI if they demonstrated a 5% or greater decrease in BMI (AOR = 0.46, P = .01), a 5% or greater increase in ALM corrected for BMI (AOR = 0.17, P = .004), or a 5% or greater decrease in fat mass (AOR = 0.53, P = .01). Only a 5% or greater increase in walking speed was associated with new or persistent UUI over 3 years (AOR = 1.54, P = .04).ConclusionIn women aged 70 and older, changes in body composition and grip strength were associated with changes in SUI frequency over time. In contrast, changes in these factors did not influence UUI. Findings suggest that optimization of body composition and muscle strength is more likely to modify risk of SUI than of UUI in older women.
Functional Outcomes After Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Suskind Anne M. , Walter Louise C. , Zhao Shoujun , Finlayson Emily 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo understand outcomes of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or transurethral laser incision of the prostate (TULIP) for the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction in men with high levels of functional dependence, which are poorly understood.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingU.S. nursing homes (NHs).ParticipantsMale NH residents aged 65 and older who underwent TURP or TULIP in the United States between 2005 and 2008 (N = 2,869).MeasurementsChanges in activities of daily living (ADLs), Foley catheter status, and survival up to 12 months after surgery were examined. Multivariate regression was used to determine risk of having a Foley catheter 1 year after surgery.ResultsSixty‐one percent of the cohort had a Foley catheter before the procedure. Of men with a Foley catheter at baseline, 64% had a Foley catheter, 4% had no Foley catheter, and 32% had died by 1‐year after the procedure. Having a Foley catheter at baseline (risk ratio (RR) = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.29–1.50) and poor baseline functional status (RR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.18–1.52 for individuals in the worst quartile of function) were associated with greater risk of having a Foley catheter at 1‐year.ConclusionPoor baseline functional status and having a Foley catheter preoperatively were associated with greater risk of TURP or TULIP failure, as measured by the presence of a Foley catheter at 1 year. Preoperative measurement of ADLs may aid in surgical decision‐making in this population.
Defining the radiation chemistry during liquid cell electron microscopy to enable visualization of nanomaterial growth and degradation dynamics
Authors: WOEHL T.J. , ABELLAN P. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryWe present a critical review of methods for defining the chemical environment during liquid cell electron microscopy investigation of electron beam induced nanomaterial growth and degradation. We draw from the radiation chemistry and liquid cell electron microscopy literature to present solution chemistry and electron beam–based methods for selecting the radiolysis products formed and their relative amount during electron irradiation of liquid media in a transmission electron microscope. We outline various methods for establishing net oxidizing or net reducing reaction environments and propose solvents with minimal overall production of radicals under the electron beam. Exemplary liquid cell electron microscopy experiments in the fields of nanoparticle nucleation, growth, and degradation along with recommendations for best practices and experimental parameters are reported. We expect this review will provide researchers with a useful toolkit for designing general chemistry and materials science liquid cell electron microscopy experiments by ‘directing’ the effect of the electron beam to understand fundamental mechanisms of dynamic nanoscale processes as well as minimizing radiation damage to samples.
Handwriting difficulties of children with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 1A
Authors: Kunovsky Daniel , Cordier Reinie , Bray Paula , Burns Joshua 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHand weakness and impaired manual dexterity have been reported in children with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A). This early onset of upper limb involvement might explain frequent clinical referrals for assessment and treatment of impaired handwriting performance. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of CMT1A on handwriting speed and legibility, and identify demographic, anthropometric, and physical measures that might relate to handwriting performance. Handwriting speed (Handwriting Speed Test), handwriting legibility (Evaluation Tool of Children's Handwriting‐Cursive), and hand strength (hand‐held dynamometry of tip pinch, lateral pinch and grip) were assessed in 30 children with CMT1A (aged 8–17 years) and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Children with CMT1A exhibited 34% slower handwriting speed (p < 0.0001) with 4% reduced legibility (p = 0.001) and 37–48% lower hand strength (p < 0.0001). All measures of strength, age, height, and weight were positively associated with handwriting speed (r = 0.39–0.79, p < 0.01). None of these factors related to handwriting legibility (p > 0.05). Regression modelling identified a diagnosis of CMT1A, lateral pinch weakness and younger age as significant independent predictors of slower handwriting speed, explaining 78% of the variance. Children with CMT1A have considerable handwriting difficulties, primarily with speed, and substantial associated hand and finger weakness. Understanding the cause–effect relationship between strength and function might provide modifiable targets for upper limb intervention.
Nurses’ comfort level with spiritual assessment: a study among nurses working in diverse healthcare settings
Authors: Cone Pamela H , Giske Tove 
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectivesTo gain knowledge about nurses’ comfort level in assessing spiritual matters and to learn what questions nurses use in practice related to spiritual assessment.BackgroundSpirituality is important in holistic nursing care; however, nurses report feeling uncomfortable and ill‐prepared to address this domain with patients. Education is reported to impact nurses’ ability to engage in spiritual care.DesignThis cross‐sectional exploratory survey reports on a mixed‐method study examining how comfortable nurses are with spiritual assessment.MethodIn 2014, a 21‐item survey with 10 demographic variables and three open‐ended questions were distributed to Norwegian nurses working in diverse care settings with 172 nurse responses (72 % response rate). SPSS was used to analyse quantitative data; thematic analysis examined the open‐ended questions.Results/FindingsNorwegian nurses reported a high level of comfort with most questions even though spirituality is seen as private. Nurses with some preparation or experience in spiritual care were most comfortable assessing spirituality. Statistically significant correlations were found between the nurses’ comfort level with spiritual assessment and their preparedness and sense of the importance of spiritual assessment. How well‐prepared nurses felt was related to years of experience, degree of spirituality and religiosity, and importance of spiritual assessment.ConclusionMany nurses are poorly prepared for spiritual assessment and care among patients in diverse care settings; educational preparation increases their comfort level with facilitating such care. Nurses who feel well prepared with spirituality feel more comfortable with the spiritual domain.Relevance to clinical practiceBy fostering a culture where patients’ spirituality is discussed and reflected upon in everyday practice and in continued education, nurses’ sense of preparedness, and thus their level of comfort, can increase. Clinical supervision and interprofessional collaboration with hospital chaplains and/or other spiritual leaders can facilitate tailor spiritual assessment of patients based on patient concerns and view of life.