bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Educator's Dual Role: Expressing Ideals While Educating in Nonideal Conditions
Authors: Morton Jennifer M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this essay, Jennifer Morton discusses educators as central examples of agents who engage in ideal and nonideal ways of thinking. The educator, as a representative of the political community, is tasked with two aims. The first is nurturing students with the skills and knowledge they need for the world as they will find it. In pursuing this goal, the educator is assuming certain social facts, some of them unjust, that constitute the present nonideal world. The second aim is civic — educating future citizens. Insofar as the educator is involved in pursuing this goal, his or her role is to work at making certain future social facts true, in the hope of making the future slightly more ideal. Morton argues that if we think of these two aims instrumentally, they can come into conflict. She does not suggest a resolution to this conflict, but rather develops an alternative expressive account of the civic role of the educator. Ideal thinking by educators, Morton maintains, should be thought of as constituting an expression of respect toward their fellow citizens here and now. Ultimately, she argues that this expressive component of the educator's job is crucial to the educator's role in the political community.
The MOOC and the Multitude
Authors: Curinga Matthew X. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMassive open online courses (MOOCs) take university lectures and other educational materials and make them available for free as online “courses.” Liberal and neoliberal MOOC supporters laud these courses for opening up education to the world while incorporating market dynamics to improve quality and drive down costs. Skeptics claim MOOCs are a bald attempt to privatize higher learning, thus creating an apartheid educational system with traditional universities serving the wealthy while everyone else is left with cut‐rate online learning. This essay draws on the political theory of autonomist Marxism, arguing that MOOCs are capital's defensive reaction to the threats of resistant universities on one side, and unmanageable Internet‐based learning on the other. It then looks at which MOOC designs would support education for the “multitude,” which is the term used by autonomist Marxism to describe an autonomous, diverse, networked political body.
The Dangers of Pipeline Thinking: How the School‐To‐Prison Pipeline Metaphor Squeezes Out Complexity
Authors: McGrew Ken 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this essay Ken McGrew critically examines the school‐to‐prison pipeline metaphor and associated literature. The origins and influence of the metaphor are compared with the origins and influence of the competing prison industrial complex concept. Specific weaknesses in the pipeline literature are examined. These problems are described as resulting, in part, from the influence that the pipeline metaphor has on the thinking of those who follow it. McGrew argues that addressing the weaknesses in the literature, abandoning the metaphor, and adopting a more complex theoretical orientation grounded in critical scholarship, will enable educational scholars to better capture the relational nature of the social phenomena being described while simultaneously making their work more useful to emerging movements for social justice.
Host record of the myrmecophilous carabid genus Cryptocephalomorpha (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pseudomorphinae) with description of a new species from Thailand
Authors: Maruyama Munetoshi , Komatsu Takashi , Sakchoowong Watana 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCryptocephalomorpha siamensis sp. nov. is described from Thailand. The type series was collected from a nest of myrmicine ant, Pheidole singaporensis, which is the first exact host record of the genus Cryptocephalomorpha. Collecting circumstances and observed behavior are reported.
Taxonomic review of the genus Zethus Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam with descriptions of four new species
Authors: Nguyen Lien Thi Phuong , Carpenter James M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA taxonomic review of the genus Zethus from Vietnam is presented, including eight species. Four species, Z. tumidus sp. nov., Z. tansoneus sp. nov., Z. angulatus sp. nov. and Z. propodeus sp. nov. are described. Two species, Z. malayanus and Z. trimaculatus, are recorded from Vietnam for the first time. Redescriptions of Z. dolosus and Z. trimaculatus are also provided with figures. A key to species is presented.
The diagnostic utility of 3D‐ESI rotating and moving dipole methodology in the pre‐surgical evaluation of MRI‐negative childhood epilepsy due to focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Russo Angelo , Lallas Matt , Jayakar Prasanna , Miller Ian , Hyslop Ann , Dunoyer Catalina , Resnick Trevor , Duchowny Michael 
Published: July 2016

SummaryObjectiveThis study investigates whether a combined rotating dipole (RD) and moving dipole (MD) solution enhances three‐dimensional electroencephalography (EEG) source imaging (3D‐ESI) localization in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–negative pediatric patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD).MethodsWe retrospectively selected 14 MRI‐negative patients with FCD from a cohort of 60 pediatric patients previously used to evaluate the diagnostic utility of 3D‐ESI in epilepsy surgery. Patients were younger than 18 years at time of surgery and had at least 1 year of outcome data. RD and MD models were constructed for each interictal spike or sharp wave, and it was determined whether each inverse algorithm localized within the surgical resection cavity (SRC). We also compared the 3D‐ESI findings and surgical outcome with positron emission tomography (PET) and ictal single photon emission computed tomography (iSPECT).ResultsRD analyses revealed a high concordance with the SRC (78.6%), particularly for temporal lobe resection (100.0%), and showed superior localization compared to PET and iSPECT, with the highest correlation in FCD type I and temporal lobe resection. Furthermore, the RD method was superior to iSPECT in FCD type II cases and to PET in extratemporal resections. RD and MD results were comparable, but in 18.2% of patients with FCD type I with localizing RDs, the MD solution was only partially within the SRC; in all of these patients 3D‐ESI also correlated with superior surgical outcome compared to PET and iSPECT, especially when RD and MD solutions were analyzed together.Significance3D‐ESI in MRI‐negative cases showed superior localization compared to iSPECT or PET, especially in FCD type I and temporal lobe epilepsy, and correlated with superior surgical outcome compared to iSPECT and PET at 1 year and 2 years postoperatively, especially when RD and MD solutions were analyzed together. These findings suggest that 3D‐ESI based on a combined RD‐MD solution improves surgical accuracy in MRI‐negative patients with FCD.
Headache, neck manipulation and stroke: the atlanto‐axial triad
Authors: Homola Samuel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDiscussion of neck manipulation generates controversy and raises many questions. To date, the prevailing medical opinion is that upper neck manipulation is unsafe. Many case reports associating neck manipulation with stroke provide good reason not to recommend or submit to upper neck manipulation. Headache is one of the most common conditions treated by manipulating the upper cervical spine where vertebral and internal carotid arteries are most susceptible to injury that may curtail flow of blood to the brain. Physicians and lay persons who have questions about the benefits and dangers of neck manipulation may find this article helpful in evaluating relevant literature that may be confusing or flawed by confirmation bias and misinformation.
The flexibility of a homeodomain transcription factor heterodimer and its allosteric regulation by DNA binding
Authors: Mathiasen Lisa , Valentini Erica , Boivin Stephane , Cattaneo Angela , Blasi Francesco , Svergun Dmitri I. , Bruckmann Chiara 
Published: July 2016

Transcription factors are known to modify the DNA that they bind. However, DNA can also serve as an allosteric ligand whose binding modifies the conformation of transcriptional regulators. Here, we describe how heterodimer PBX1:PREP1, formed by proteins playing major roles in embryonic development and tumorigenesis, undergoes an allosteric transition upon DNA binding. We demonstrate through a number of biochemical and biophysical methods that PBX1:PREP1 exhibits a structural change upon DNA binding. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), circular dichroism (CD), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and limited proteolysis demonstrate a different shape, α‐helical content, thermodynamic behavior, and solution environment of the holo‐complex (with DNA) compared to the apo‐complex (without DNA). Given that PBX1 as such does not have a defined DNA selectivity, structural changes upon DNA binding become major factors in the function of the PBX1:PREP1 complex. The observed changes are mapped at both the amino‐ and carboxy‐terminal regions of the two proteins thereby providing important insights to determine how PBX1:PREP1 dimer functions.DatabaseSmall‐angle scattering data are available in SASBDB under accession numbers SASDAP7, SASDAQ7, and SASDAR7.
Spatial dynamics of juvenile anchovy in the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Boyra Guillermo , Peña Marian , Cotano Unai , Irigoien Xabier , Rubio Anna , Nogueira Enrique 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn autumn 2009, the implementation of two successive acoustic surveys targeting juvenile anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay allowed us to monitor the changes in the spatial distribution and aggregation patterns of juveniles of this species during 45 days under fairly stable meteorological conditions. Juvenile anchovy changed its biological condition and behavior in a different manner in two distinct areas. In the Spanish sector, the juveniles migrated 20 nautical miles (n.mi.) towards the coast, but they remained on the shelf and near the surface during the whole surveyed period. As the advance towards the shelf break progressed, their area of distribution decreased, their density increased and the juveniles spread in fewer but heavier shoals. In the French sector, the juveniles also migrated from slope waters towards the coast at a similar velocity, but they crossed the shelf break into the continental shelf, where they increased their mean depth significantly until gradually adopting the typical nyctemeral migrations of adult anchovy. The mean length of the juveniles that adopted the nyctemeral migrations was significantly higher than that of the juveniles remaining at the surface, suggesting that body size is relevant to accomplish this change. Besides, the stronger temperature gradients between the shelf and oceanic waters in the Spanish sector, favored by a narrow shelf, may have acted as a barrier influencing the distinct observed spatial patterns in the two areas.
Exposure to a heat wave under food limitation makes an agricultural insecticide lethal: a mechanistic laboratory experiment
Authors: Dinh Khuong V. , Janssens Lizanne , Stoks Robby 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExtreme temperatures and exposure to agricultural pesticides are becoming more frequent and intense under global change. Their combination may be especially problematic when animals suffer food limitation. We exposedCoenagrion puelladamselfly larvae to a simulated heat wave combined with food limitation and subsequently to a widespread agricultural pesticide (chlorpyrifos) in an indoor laboratory experiment designed to obtain mechanistic insights in the direct effects of these stressors in isolation and when combined. The heat wave reduced immune function (activity of phenoloxidase,PO) and metabolic rate (activity of the electron transport system,ETS). Starvation had both immediate and delayed negative sublethal effects on growth rate and physiology (reductions in Hsp70 levels, total fat content, and activity levels ofPOandETS). Exposure to chlorpyrifos negatively affected all response variables. While the immediate effects of the heat wave were subtle, our results indicate the importance of delayed effects in shaping the total fitness impact of a heat wave when followed by pesticide exposure. Firstly, the combination of delayed negative effects of the heat wave and starvation, and the immediate negative effect of chlorpyrifos considerably (71%) reduced larval growth rate. Secondly and more strikingly, chlorpyrifos only caused considerable (ca. 48%) mortality in larvae that were previously exposed to the combination of the heat wave and starvation. This strong delayed synergism for mortality could be explained by the cumulative metabolic depression caused by each of these stressors. Further studies with increased realism are needed to evaluate the consequences of the here‐identified delayed synergisms at the level of populations and communities. This is especially important as this synergism provides a novel explanation for the poorly understood potential of heat waves and of sublethal pesticide concentrations to cause mass mortality.
Role of Acupuncture in the Treatment or Prevention of Migraine, Tension‐Type Headache, or Chronic Headache Disorders
Authors: Coeytaux Remy R. , Befus Deanna 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo summarize the current evidence that evaluates the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment or prevention of migraine, tension‐type headache, and chronic headache disorders.MethodsFindings from selected systematic reviews and meta‐analyses are summarized.ResultsRecently published systematic reviews and meta‐analyses demonstrate that acupuncture is associated with improved clinical outcomes compared to routine care only, medical management, and sham acupuncture 2 months after randomization. The evidence in support of acupuncture's comparative effectiveness at longer follow‐up periods is mixed. Cost effectiveness analyses conducted in the United Kingdom and Germany suggest that acupuncture is a cost‐effective treatment option in those countries. There are few or no cost‐effectiveness studies of acupuncture in the United States.DiscussionThis brief review of the current, published evidence does not include a discussion of potential risks or adverse events associated with acupuncture. There is also the question of the extent to which placebo effects might contribute to acupuncture's clinical effectiveness. From a purely comparative effectiveness perspective, however, the evidence from clinical trials and meta‐analyses makes a compelling case in support of a potentially important role for acupuncture as part of a treatment plan for patients with migraine, tension‐type headache, and several different types of chronic headache disorders.
Somatostatin receptors in resected hepatocellular carcinoma: status and correlation with markers of poor prognosis
Authors: Lequoy Marie , Desbois‐Mouthon Christèle , Wendum Dominique , Gupta Vandana , Blachon Jean‐Luc , Scatton Olivier , Dumont Sylvie , Bonnemaire Mireille , Schmidlin Fabien , Rosmorduc Olivier , Fartoux Laetitia 
Published: July 2016

AimsTo investigate the status of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods and resultsTranscript and protein levels of SSTR2, SSTR3 and SSTR5 were investigated, with real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and manual and automated immunohistochemistry (IHC), in 53 resected HCCs and paired non‐tumour tissues. SSTR1, SSTR4, SSTR5TMD4 and SSTR5TMD5 were analysed with real‐time PCR. SSTR3 and SSTR5 transcripts were expressed in ~25% of HCCs, but not in adjacent non‐tumour tissues. SSTR1 and SSTR2 transcripts were overexpressed in 42% and 32% of HCCs, respectively. SSTR4, SSTR5TMD4 and SSTR5TMD5 were not detected. Membrane staining for SSTR2 was detected in 38% of HCCs, whereas SSTR5 protein was detectable in only 11% of HCCs. SSTR3 protein was detected in the majority of HCCs and adjacent non‐tumour liver tissues, but membrane staining was <20% of that in HCCs. The results obtained with the two IHC methods were highly correlated (P < 0.0001). Statistical analyses also showed a positive correlation between SSTR2 membrane staining and cytokeratin 19 expression (P = 0.04), serum α‐fetoprotein level (P = 0.002), and poor differentiation (P = 0.05).ConclusionsMembrane SSTR2 is detected reliably in HCCs by IHC, and is a potential therapeutic target, as it is coexpressed with markers of poor prognosis.
Assessing people with dementia: the role of the aged care assessment team and memory clinics
Authors: Rozsa M. , Ford A. , Flicker L. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundA cross‐sectional survey of all patients reviewed by the aged care assessment team (ACAT) service and memory clinics between 1 January and 31 December 2012. The ACAT catchment included an estimated 14 325 people over the age of 70.AimsTo determine the numbers and outcomes of assessments for cognitive problems by the ACAT and hospital memory clinics for patients within a single ACAT catchment area.MethodsData collected included patient demographics, diagnoses, referral and pharmacological treatment. Flow of referrals to the services that diagnose and manage dementia, and the number of incident dementia cases diagnosed in 2012 were determined.ResultsThe ACAT service assessed 1005 patients from the catchment, of which 241 patients already had a diagnosis of dementia. When compared with the estimated dementia prevalence in Australia, 19% of prevalent dementia cases (n = 1260) within the catchment were reviewed by the ACAT. The two memory clinics saw a combined 186 new referrals (91 and 95 respectively) from within the catchment, with a total of 82 patients (22 and 60 respectively) receiving a new diagnosis of dementia. Using Australian estimates of dementia incidence, this would suggest 29% of 286 incident cases were managed through these memory clinics.ConclusionsGeriatric services are responsible for the assessment and management of a large proportion of the estimated number of patients with dementia in this catchment area. Further resourcing and standardisation of the pathways to dementia assessment is required in Australia in order to diagnose and manage effectively people with dementia.
Achalasia: Outcome in children
Authors: Meyer Anell , Catto‐Smith Anthony , Crameri Joe , Simpson Di , Alex George , Hardikar Winita , Cameron Donald , Oliver Mark 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundOesophageal achalasia is well‐recognized but relatively rare in children, occasionally appearing as the “triple A” syndrome (with adrenal insufficiency and alacrima). Treatment modalities, as in adult practice, are not curative, often needing further interventions and spurring the search for better management. The outcome for syndromic variants is unknown. We sought to define the efficacy of treatments for children with achalasia with and without triple A syndrome.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of presentation and outcomes for 42 children with achalasia presenting over three decades to a major pediatric referral center. Long term impact of the diagnosis was assessed by questionnaire.ResultsWe identified 42 children including six with triple A syndrome. The median overall age at diagnosis was 10.8 years and median follow‐up 1593 days. Initial Heller myotomy in 17 required further interventions in 11 (65%), while initial treatment with botulinum toxin (n = 20) was ultimately followed by myotomy in 17 (85%). Ten out of 35 patients who underwent myotomy required a repeat myotomy (29%). Patients with triple A syndrome developed symptoms earlier, but had delayed diagnosis, were more underweight at diagnosis and at last follow up. Questionnaire results suggested a significant long term deleterious impact on the quality of life of children and their families.ConclusionMany children with achalasia relapse after initial treatment, undergoing multiple, different procedures, despite which symptoms persist and impact on quality of life. Symptoms develop earlier in patients with triple A syndrome, but the diagnosis is delayed and this has substantial nutritional impact.
Growth status of children with autism spectrum disorder: a case–control study
Authors: Barnhill K. , Gutierrez A. , Ghossainy M. , Marediya Z. , Marti C. N. , Hewitson L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundChildren with autism spectrum disorder are at risk of a compromised dietary intake and nutritional status that could impact growth over both the short and long term. The limited body of published research addressing this concern has been contradictory and inconclusive to date.MethodsThis case–control study investigated the height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and other anthropometric measurements of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Eighty‐six children with ASD and 57 healthy controls participated in the study. Caregivers of participants who met the inclusion criteria completed a health history questionnaire, provided information on dietary intake and feeding behaviour, and completed a nutrition physical with a healthcare professional, which provided all of the anthropometric measurements required for the study.ResultsBody mass index and BMI Z‐scores for females with ASD and corresponding healthy controls were significantly different. Female participants with ASD had significantly lower BMI and BMI Z‐scores than control participants. The prevalence of risk for failure‐to‐thrive status was consistent across ASD subjects and controls. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was consistent across ASD subjects and controls. Children with ASD comprised 60% of the total number of children across BMI categories and mid‐arm muscle circumference percentile ranges, which is consistent with the proportion of children in the overall sample.ConclusionsMore research is needed to fully assess physical status and potential growth concerns of children with ASD. A full physical assessment should be a component of primary care for all children with ASD.
The nutrition and food‐related roles, experiences and support needs of female family carers of malnourished older rehabilitation patients
Authors: Marshall S. , Reidlinger D. P. , Young A. , Isenring E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo improve perceived value of nutrition support and patient outcomes, the present study aimed to determine the nutrition and food‐related roles, experiences and support needs of female family carers of community‐dwelling malnourished older adults admitted to rehabilitation units in rural New South Wales, Australia, both during admission and following discharge.MethodsFour female family carers of malnourished rehabilitation patients aged ≥65 years were interviewed during their care‐recipients’ rehabilitation admission and again at 2 weeks post‐discharge. The semi‐structured interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed reflecting an interpretative phenomenological approach by three researchers. A series of ‘drivers’ relevant to the research question were agreed upon and discussed.ResultsThree drivers were identified. ‘Responsibility’ was related to the agency who assumed responsibility for providing nutrition support and understanding family carer obligation to provide nutrition support. ‘Family carer nutrition ethos’ was related to how carer nutrition beliefs, knowledge and values impacted the nutrition support they provided, the high self‐efficacy of family carers and an incongruence with an evidence‐based approach for treating malnutrition. ‘Quality of life’ was related to the carers’ focus upon quality of life as a nutrition strategy and outcome for their care‐recipients, as well as how nutrition support impacted upon carer burden.ConclusionsRehabilitation units and rehabilitation dietitians should recognise and support family carers of malnourished patients, which may ultimately lead to an improved perceived benefit of care and patient outcomes. Intervention research is required to make strong recommendations for practice.