bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization and kinetic study of N‐methyldiethanolamine‐based esterquats production
Authors: Abdul Aziz Haliza , Yusoff Rozita , Cheng Ngoh Gek , Idris Zainab , Syahirah Ramli Nur Aainaa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA sustainable alternative process for the production of bio‐based esterquats via heterogeneous transesterification of palm methyl ester and N‐methyldiethanolamine was developed. The transesterification process conditions over CaO/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). At 146°C, 83.2% di‐ester yield was obtained after 6 h when 4.1 wt% of the synthesized catalyst was used with 1.8:1 methyl ester/N‐methyldiethanolamine molar ratio. CaO/γ‐Al2O3 was able to be reused for 3 cycles without a significant deactivation. A kinetic model was proposed based on irreversible second‐order kinetics and it was the best‐fitted experimental data with an overall reaction rate constants ranging between 0.0892 and 0.695 L/mol.min and an activation energy of 48 kJ/mol. The first experimental investigation on kinetic can be applied to provide insights on large scale reactor design for bio‐based esterquats production. The synthesized esterquats was found to be readily biodegradable, as it reached the pass level of 60% of biodegradation within the period of incubation (28 days). It exhibits similar chemical and physical properties to the commercially available tallow‐based esterquats, thus offering a potential substitute for the animal fat‐based feedstock with the most abundantly available and renewable palm‐based oleochemicals.
No difference in clinical outcome between quadriceps tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with and without bone block: Results from the Danish Knee Ligament Registry
Authors: Lind Martin , Nielsen Torsten 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThe quadriceps tendon (QT) has recently gained increasing interest as an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) graft due to minimally invasive harvesting techniques and low donor site morbidity. QT grafts can be used both with a patella bone block and as complete soft tissue grafts. However, it is unknown whether the QT graft type affects clinical outcomes. This study used data from the Danish Knee Ligament Reconstruction Registry (DKRR) to compare revision rates, knee stability and subjective clinical outcomes in patients who underwent ACLR with QT graft with bone block (QT‐B) or soft tissue only (QT‐S).MethodsPatients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction with QT autografts documented in the DKRR were included and divided into the QT‐B (n = 925) and QT‐S (n = 659) groups. The clinical outcome was evaluated using objective‐instrumented knee stability, pivot shift test, knee injury osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and Tegner activity scores for the two cohorts performed at the 1‐year follow‐up. The overall revision rates were determined as well.ResultsRevision rates at 2 years were equally low in both graft groups at 2.8%. Similarly, post‐operative knee laxity was equal at 1.5 (1.4) and 1.6 (1.4) mm side‐to‐side laxity, respectively. However, QT‐B exhibited a reduced post‐operative positive pivot shift of 22% compared with 31% for QT‐S. Although the subjective outcomes were equal for the KOOS and Tegner activity scale scores at the 1‐year follow‐up, reduced improvements in KOOS were observed for QT‐B compared to QT‐S.ConclusionACL with a QT autograft harvested either with a bone block or as a soft tissue graft exhibited comparable revision rates and sagittal knee stability. Furthermore, ACL reconstruction using a QT graft with a bone block achieved better rotational stability with less pivot shift than ACL reconstruction using complete soft tissue QT grafts.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Real‐Time Wavefront Control of Multimode Fibers under Dynamic Perturbation
Authors: Wang Zhengyang , Luo Jiawei , Shen Yuecheng , Wu Daixuan , Liang Jiajun , Liang Jiaming , Chen Yujie , Zhang Zhiling , Qi Dalong , Yao Yunhua , Deng Lianzhong , Sun Zhenrong , Zhang Shian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMultimode fibers (MMFs), which transmit multiple spatial modes simultaneously, are essential in imaging, communication, and sensing. However, mode crosstalk significantly impairs the clarity of transmitted signals. Wavefront shaping has emerged as an effective strategy to minimize these distortions. Given the dynamic environmental conditions under which MMFs operate, rapid technological adaptation is crucial. A high‐speed full‐field wavefront shaping system designed for real‐time MMF control is developed. This system leverages probabilistic phase shaping, superpixel modulation, and a digital micromirror device (DMD) to achieve operational speeds of 38 ms per cycle for 400 spatial modes, translating to an average mode time of 95 µs. This rate sets a new record for DMD‐based systems, pushing hardware limits. The system supports continuous operation at 11 Hz and maintains high‐quality optical focus through MMFs under varying environmental conditions, with a focusing efficiency exceeding 50% of the theoretical maximum. Its compatibility with fluorescent guide stars enables transmission matrix characterization when direct access is unfeasible, broadening its applications. This high‐speed full‐field wavefront shaping system represents a significant breakthrough, enhancing the functionality and versatility of MMF‐based applications.
Investigating the Effects of Oil Additives on the Tribological Performance of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings: A Study With Hazelnut Oil in Boundary and Mixed Lubrication Regimes
Authors: Baş Hasan , Karabacak Yunus Emre 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the impact of oil additives on the performance of hydrodynamic journal bearings using hazelnut oil. Various additives, including titanium dioxide, hexagonal boron nitride and graphite, are mixed with hazelnut oil in specific concentrations. Experimental tests are conducted in boundary and mixed lubrication regimes using a specialised rig to simulate bearing operating conditions. The friction performance of these oil‐additive combinations is evaluated in terms of bearing load, rotating speed and oil temperature. The findings contribute to understanding hazelnut oil as a potential lubricant and optimising its formulation for specific applications, promoting environmentally friendly lubricants and sustainability.
Calibration‐free whole‐brain CEST imaging at 7T with parallel transmit pulse design for saturation homogeneity utilizing universal pulses (PUSHUP)
Authors: Völzke Yannik , Akbey Suzan , Löwen Daniel , Pracht Eberhard Daniel , Stirnberg Rüdiger , Gras Vincent , Boulant Nicolas , Zaiss Moritz , Stöcker Tony 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) measurements at ultra‐high field (UHF) suffer from strong saturation inhomogeneity. Retrospective correction of this inhomogeneity is possible to some extent, but requires a time‐consuming repetition of the measurement. Here, we propose a calibration‐free parallel transmit (pTx)‐based saturation scheme that homogenizes the saturation over the imaging volume, which we call PUlse design for Saturation Homogeneity utilizing Universal Pulses (PUSHUP).TheoryMagnetization transfer effects depend on the saturation . PUSHUP homogenizes the saturation by using multiple saturation pulses with alternating ‐shims. Using a database of maps, universal pulses are calculated that remove the necessity of time‐consuming, subject‐based pulse calculation during the measurement.MethodsPUSHUP was combined with a whole‐brain three‐dimensional‐echo planar imaging (3D‐EPI) readout. Two PUSHUP saturation modules were calculated by either applying whole‐brain or cerebellum masks to the database maps. The saturation homogeneity and the group mean CEST amplitudes were calculated for different ‐correction methods and were compared to circular polarized (CP) saturation in five healthy volunteers using an eight‐channel transmit coil at 7 Tesla.ResultsIn contrast to CP saturation, where accurate CEST maps were impossible to obtain in the cerebellum, even with extensive ‐correction, PUSHUP CEST maps were artifact‐free throughout the whole brain. A 1‐point retrospective ‐correction, that does not need repeated measurements, sufficiently removed the effect of residual saturation inhomogeneity.ConclusionThe presented method allows for homogeneous whole‐brain CEST imaging at 7 Tesla without the need of a repetition‐based ‐correction or online pulse calculation. With the fast 3D‐EPI readout, whole‐brain CEST imaging with 45 saturation offsets is possible at 1.6 mm resolution in under 4 min.
Mesh‐ and model adaptivity for NTFA and full‐field elasto‐plastic homogenization based on downwind and upwind approximations
Authors: Tchomgue Simeu Arnold , Mahnken Rolf 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo increase the quality of computational results for heterogeneous materials like fiber‐reinforced composites with Prandtl–Reuss‐type material laws, goal‐oriented measures of the adaptive finite element method coupled to model adaptivity is established. The former is an adaptive mesh refinement on the macroscale, which allows to control the spatial discretization errors. The latter is an efficient combination of a numerically low cost nonuniform transformation field analysis (NTFA) and numerically high cost full‐field elasto‐plastic homogenization methods on the microscale. The present contribution deals with the application of the concept of downwind and upwind approximations to a goal‐oriented a posteriori error estimator based on duality techniques by means of reduced order homogenization schemes like NTFA, and with accuracy and numerical efficiency of the proposed goal‐oriented adaptive framework. NTFA consists of an offline phase and an online phase. During the offline phase, some relevant information of the micro system under consideration is precomputed allowing a reduced set of equations to be solved in the online phase. Thus, NTFA leads to a quite efficient homogenization method but less accurate compared to the full‐field homogenization method which is characterized with a high computational demand for accounting nonlinear microstructural mechanisms. Due to nonlinearities and time‐dependency of plasticity, the estimation of error transport and error generation are obtained with a backward‐in‐time dual method despite a high demand on memory capacity. In this contribution, the dual problem is solved with a forward‐in‐time dual method that allows estimating the full error during the resolution of the primal problem without the need for extra memory capacity. Several numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive approach based on downwind and upwind approximations.
Performance analysis of the free surface lattice Boltzmann implementation in waLBerla
Authors: Plewinski Jonas , Alt Christoph , Köstler Harald , Rüde Ulrich 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe free‐surface lattice Boltzmann method uses a volume of fluid approach to simulate immiscible two‐fluid flow problems. It divides the simulation domain into three distinct phases—gas, fluid, and interface—where computation within the gas phase is disregarded. The interface delineates a one‐cell‐thick layer between the first two phases, validated physically for implementation in the HPC C++ multiphysics framework waLBerla but lacking an exhaustive performance analysis. This paper aims to shed light on node‐level performance on different architectures, employing continuous benchmarking, showing and analyzing weak scaling results on a modern HPC cluster, the Fritz supercomputer, and reporting energy consumption for the current implementation.
Characterizing medical decision‐making in sickle cell disease during childhood: Qualitative perspectives of caregivers
Authors: Blakey Ariel O. , Amaro Christina M. , Eilenberg Jenna Sandler , Brochier Annelise , Kavanagh Patricia L. , Garg Arvin , Drainoni Mari‐Lynn , Long Kristin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionSickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common genetic disorder among children. As the most common type of SCD, sickle cell anemia (SCA) is associated with severe complications across the lifespan. As parents/caregivers hold primary disease management responsibility during childhood, their involvement in disease management activities, including medical decision‐making, is critical to successful and timely management of pediatric SCD. However, the processes through which caregivers make SCD‐related decisions remain unknown. The current paper examined caregivers’ decision‐making processes and priorities when managing their child's SCD.MethodsParents and primary caregivers (N = 27) of children with SCA (ages 0–12) completed individual semi‐structured qualitative interviews exploring links between caregivers’ decision‐making and both daily and ongoing SCA management practices. Data were transcribed verbatim, cleaned, systematically coded, and analyzed using applied thematic analysis.ResultsParticipating caregivers were primarily Black or African American (88.9%), mothers (81.5%), publicly insured (55.6%), and single (51.9%). Caregivers described medical decision‐making across acute symptom response, preventive disease management, and treatment initiation and/or discontinuation. Across these contexts of disease management, caregivers overarchingly prioritized protecting and improving their child's quality of life. Caregivers’ medical decision‐making processes were influenced by their SCA management experience, acquisition of SCA knowledge, and trust in medical providers. The extent to which these influences impacted caregivers’ decision‐making varied based on disease severity, disease management experience, and time since diagnosis.DiscussionFindings highlight how processes underlying caregivers’ decision‐making are directly influenced and informed by caregivers’ lived experiences. Future work should develop provider‐initiated collaborative interventions to support medical decision‐making.
A systematic review of interventions for neurocognitive dysfunctions in patients and survivors of a pediatric brain tumor
Authors: Bullens Kristien , Sleurs Charlotte , Blommaert Jeroen , Lemiere Jurgen , Jacobs Sandra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to a high burden of neurocognitive impairment on patients with a pediatric brain tumor, interventions mitigating these symptoms are highly needed. Currently, evidence on the efficacy and feasibility of such interventions remains scarce. A systematic literature study was performed based on four different databases (PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, and PsycArticles). Resulting articles (n = 2232) were screened based on title and abstract, and full text. We included 28 articles, investigating cognitive effects of either a lifestyle intervention (n = 6), a cognitive training (n = 15), or pharmacological intervention (n = 7). The most frequently studied interventions were the Cogmed and methylphenidate. Most interventions showed short‐term efficacy. Fewer interventions also showed long‐term maintenance of positive results. Despite positive trends of these interventions, results are heterogeneous, suggesting relatively limited efficacy of existing interventions and more potential of more individualized as well as multimodal approaches for future interventions.
Influence of montmorillonite and attapulgite clays on the production of polyamide 6 membranes via hot‐press fusion method
Authors: Campos Aline de Almeida , Dias Rafael Agra , Araujo Bruna Aline , dos Santos Filho Edson Antônio , Moreira Francys Kley Vieira , Marini Juliano , Beatrice Cesar Augusto Gonçalves , Medeiros Vanessa da Nóbrega , Pessan Luiz Antonio , Araújo Edcleide Maria 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe membrane separation process represents an advance in this area, and the use of nanocomposites enables their improvement. Polyamide 6 (PA6) membranes were produced with attapulgite (ATP) and montmorillonite (MMT) clays by melting through the hot pressing of thin films. Subsequently, the membranes were characterized by thermogravimetry (TGA), showing a significant mass loss at 330°C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that the clay increased thermal stability. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was performed, confirming the presence of characteristic peaks of polyamide 6, and with the introduction of clay, there were changes in the shapes. Contact angle measurements showed that the clays increased the hydrophilicity of the membranes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the presence of clays modified the surface roughness. The tensile test showed that the clays decreased the strength of the nanocomposites. Oxygen permeation confirmed a decrease in the permeability of compositions containing clay compared with pure PA6 membranes. Studies aimed at understanding the interaction of gases with the membrane material represent a small part of research on the selective barrier. This work aimed to obtain flat membranes from polyamide 6/clay nanocomposites to separate gaseous mixtures using the thin film hot‐press fusion method.Highlights
PA6 membranes were produced with ATP and MMT clays via hot pressing of thin films.
Introduction of clay enhances thermal stability in PA6 membranes and reduce gas permeability.
ATP clay increases membrane stiffness; MMT decreases strength.
Membranes with PA6 and clays exhibit good water vapor selectivity.
Measurement invariance of scores on the Teacher Stress Scale: international sample of PreK‐12 teachers
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Kalkbrenner Michael T. , Schaner Riley 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTeaching is a stressful profession with a high turnover rate. Schools and related institutions need to take more action to support teachers and keep teacher stress at a manageable level. The continued research and practical effort require measures to examine teachers’ stress in a briefer and accurate manner. The Teacher Stress Scale is a recently developed brief measure to examine teacher stress with promising psychometric characteristics. The present study aims to further validate TSS scores with a large sample of teachers ranging from pre‐kindergarten to the 12th grade from the United States and United Kingdom. Findings of the internal structure validity, convergent validity, and the internal consistency reliability of TSS scores were examined. Specifically, the confirmatory factor analysis of the unidimensional model and the two‐dimensional model showed poor fit, but the bi‐factor model evidenced a strong fit. Factorial invariance testing yielded strong invariance between early education and secondary education teachers as well as satisfactory invariance between teachers from the United States and the United Kingdoms. The Inadequate School‐Based Support TSS subscale demonstrated convergent validity with other support measures, and the overall TSS showed acceptable internal consistency reliability evidence of scores. Limitations and implications of the TSS, as well as future research directions were discussed.
Linking effort‐reward imbalance to academic burnout among high school students: The roles of school connectedness and academic buoyancy
Authors: Gao Bin , Chai Xiaoyun , Shen Quanwei , Lu Jiamei , Li Li 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the context of examination‐oriented education and the pressure of college entrance examinations (known as the “Gaokao”), Chinese high school students often experience academic burnout. Previous research has shown that effort–reward imbalance (ERI) is an important predictor of academic burnout among high school students, but the underlying psychological mechanisms are not yet clear. To address this research gap, we surveyed 415 Chinese high school students (226 males and 189 females, mean age = 15.82 years, SD = 0.87), and a self‐report questionnaire including the ERI scale, school connectedness scale, academic buoyancy scale, and academic burnout scale was completed by all participants. The data were analyzed by SPSS 24.0 and the PROCESS macro and developed a moderated mediation model incorporating school connectedness and academic buoyancy. The results showed that (1) ERI was significantly and positively associated with academic burnout among high school students; (2) school connectedness partially mediated the relationship between ERI and academic burnout; (3) academic buoyancy moderated the link between ERI and school connectedness, as well as between ERI and academic burnout. These findings are not only valuable for understanding the underlying mechanisms linking ERI and academic burnout but also contribute to the development of intervention programs (e.g., interventions based on academic buoyancy) aiming at reducing high school students' academic burnout.
Pathological C‐terminal phosphomimetic substitutions alter the mechanism of liquid–liquid phase separation of TDP‐43 low complexity domain
Authors: Haider Raza , Shipley Brandon , Surewicz Krystyna , Hinczewski Michael , Surewicz Witold K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractC‐terminally phosphorylated TAR DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43) marks the proteinaceous inclusions that characterize a number of age‐related neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer's disease. TDP‐43 phosphorylation at S403/S404 and (especially) at S409/S410 is, in fact, accepted as a biomarker of proteinopathy. These residues are located within the low complexity domain (LCD), which also drives the protein's liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). The impact of phosphorylation at these LCD sites on phase separation of the protein is a topic of great interest, as these post‐translational modifications and LLPS are both implicated in proteinopathies. Here, we employed a combination of experimental and simulation‐based approaches to explore this question on a phosphomimetic model of the TDP‐43 LCD. Our turbidity and fluorescence microscopy data show that phosphomimetic Ser‐to‐Asp substitutions at residues S403, S404, S409 and S410 alter the LLPS behavior of TDP‐43 LCD. In particular, unlike the LLPS of unmodified protein, LLPS of the phosphomimetic variants displays a biphasic dependence on salt concentration. Through coarse‐grained modeling, we find that this biphasic salt dependence is derived from an altered mechanism of phase separation, in which LLPS‐driving short‐range intermolecular hydrophobic interactions are modulated by long‐range attractive electrostatic interactions. Overall, this in vitro and in silico study provides a physiochemical foundation for understanding the impact of pathologically relevant C‐terminal phosphorylation on the LLPS of TDP‐43 in a more complex cellular environment.