bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of alloimmune response by commensal gut microbiota and potential new avenues to influence the outcome of allogeneic transplantation by modification of the ‘gut culture’
Authors: Kanangat S. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryHost defence response against microbial infections was the foundation for the Science of Immunology. Now, we know the mechanisms of such host defence which include innate immune responses that is generally nonspecific but effective in many cases and lead to more specific responses called adaptive immune response. The gene loci of class I, II and III of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play a major role in directing the adaptive immune responses by presenting processed antigens to T and B cells to induce appropriate antigen‐specific cellular and or humoral immune responses. In humans, these are commonly referred to as human leucocyte antigens class I/II‐HLA I/II). The class III region, the gamma region in the MHC complex, is mostly associated with regulation of immune responses along with genes associated with complement activation. The adaptive immune responses are orchestrated by T and B cells that are tuned to respond to antigens that are normally foreign to the body, because these cells are educated to avoid self‐antigens by a process of thymic education and selection of the T cells that are mostly non‐self‐reactive which also helps the B cells in eliciting specific immune responses to non‐self‐antigens. A by‐product of this is the ability of the T and B cells to elicit strong immune responses to foreign HLA/MHC (alloimmune response), which developed into the field of histocompatibility testing for allogeneic transplantation of stem cells and organs. Now, we are beginning to learn that such alloimmune responses can be influenced by the microbiota that symbiotically live in our body especially on the mucosal surfaces and on the skin. This review deals with new and emerging data on how the commensal mucosal and skin microbiota influence the immune homeostasis, and how manipulating the commensal microbiota of the mucosa and skin could influence the survival and long‐term functions of the allografts. Also, alterations of the microbiota by the inevitable immunosuppression prior to and following allogeneic transplantation could contribute towards the outcome of the allografts by alloimmune responses generated due to microbial antigen vs HLA cross‐reactivity.
Identification and characterization a novel HLA‐A allele, A*02:355, by sequence‐based typing in a Chinese potential donor
Authors: Nie X‐M. , Zhang Y. , Qiao W‐B. , Zhu C‐F. , Zhao Y‐R. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe new allele A*02:355 differs from A* 02:03:01 at positions 98 (T→A) and 102(A→C) resulting in an amino acid exchange F9→T. Interallelic sequence exchange is more likely the mechanism of its origination. The amino acid replacement influences the HLA peptide binding cleft and might have significant functional effects.
Managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers: A concept analysis
Authors: Gunawan Joko , Aungsuroch Yupin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA variety of terms are used interchangeably to define managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers. This has resulted in a degree of ambiguity in the way managerial competence is described. The aim of this concept analysis is to clarify what is meant by managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers internationally, what attributes signify it, and what its antecedents and consequences are. The Walker and Avant concept analysis approach was applied. The attributes of managerial competence include developing self, planning, organizing, leading, managing legal and ethical issues, and delivering health care. Antecedents to managerial competence include internal and external factors. Consequences include nurse performances, nurse and patient outcomes, intention to stay of nurses, and nurse and patient satisfaction. This analysis helps first‐line nurse managers to understand the concept and determine where the responsibility lies in establishing a definition of managerial competence. It is recommended that middle and top managers should be aware of the internal and external factors as antecedents of the concept. Further research is needed to illuminate the attributes of managerial competence in relation to antecedents and the potential effect upon the consequences, and the need to establish managerial competence evaluation.
Long‐term treatment outcomes in immature permanent teeth by revascularisation using MTA and GIC as canal‐sealing materials: a retrospective study
Authors: Peng Chufang , Yang Yuan , Zhao Yuming , Liu He , Xu Zheng , Zhao Dianhong , Qin Man 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundPulp revascularisation with MTA sealing has been accepted as an alternative treatment for non‐vital immature permanent teeth. Successful revascularisation cases with GIC sealing were also reported, but lack of long‐term researches.AimTo evaluate long‐term outcomes of revascularisation using MTA and GIC as canal‐sealing materials in non‐vital immature permanent teeth.DesignClinical and radiographic data of 60 non‐vital immature permanent teeth treated with revascularisation (36.8 ± 12.4 months of follow‐up) were reviewed. Of these, 28 teeth were sealed with MTA, and 32 with GIC. Tooth survival, success rate, and increases in root length and dentine wall thickness were evaluated.ResultsTeeth in MTA group showed a similar survival rate (96%) to GIC group (100%). The success rate in MTA group (93%) was greater than that in GIC group (59%). Eight of fourteen failed teeth due to recurrent apical disease (seven teeth in GIC group and one in MTA group) achieved complete root development. There was no statistically significant difference in root length or dentine wall thickness increase between the groups.ConclusionsLong‐term outcome of revascularisation in non‐vital immature permanent teeth sealed with GIC was not as good as that with MTA. Although more recurrent apical disease developed, results on root development were acceptable in GIC sealed cases.
Public primary and secondary skin cancer prevention, perceptions and knowledge: an international cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Seité S. , del Marmol V. , Moyal D. , Friedman A.J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer is continuing to increase worldwide, with sun exposure serving as the primary external aetiologic force in its development. Despite noticeable public health efforts, there continue to be gaps in public awareness and primary and secondary prevention mechanisms. This survey study sought to investigate preventative behaviours regarding sun exposure and skin cancer detection at an international scale.MethodsA questionnaire was submitted, both online and by telephone, to a representative sample (based on official demographic statistics on gender, age and region) of people aged from 15 to 65 originating from 23 countries. Questions dealt with demographics, sun exposure and protection, risk knowledge, self‐examination, medical advice seeking. Data were then gathered and analysed at different levels.ResultsA total of 19 569 respondents were recruited. Overall, sunscreen and sunglasses were the most used measures for sun protection. There were however difference between countries and geographical areas. Some high‐risk countries in terms of sun exposure (according to their location to Equator) exhibited higher rates of primary preventative behaviours, in particular Australia, Chile and Greece. There were also discrepancies between countries regarding secondary prevention through self‐examination and medical advice seeking. Young people, men, individuals belonging to a lower socio‐economic class or having a lower education level were all least likely to know or follow primary and secondary preventive measures.ConclusionWe found imperfections and geographical inequality both regarding primary and secondary prevention of skin cancer. Our study provides insights that could help to target populations more effectively through information campaigns embedded into the global needed endeavour aiming to reduce mid‐ and long‐term development of skin cancer.
The Two Hundred and Fifty Year Transition: How the American Empire Became Capitalist
Authors: Parisot James 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper aims to rethink United States history from the colonial era through the Civil War and Reconstruction by examining how capitalism and empire joined together as the logic of expansion increasingly became driven by the logic of capital over approximately two hundred and fifty years. Specifically, it argues that (what became) the United States originated as a ‘society with capitalism’ and became a ‘capitalist society’. This transition was a highly complex and uneven process as a variety of social forms developed and interacted, and in which there was not one road to capitalism, but a variety, depending on the historical circumstance. To accomplish this, first, the article reviews the Marx‐Weber debate to develop a theoretical and methodological approach to the historical sociology of capitalism. The remainder of the paper focuses on narrating an empirical interpretation of the transition to capitalism including the diversity of labor forms capital historically utilized.
Relationship between motor proficiency and body composition in 6‐ to 10‐year‐old children
Authors: Marmeleira José , Veiga Guida , Cansado Hugo , Raimundo Armando 
Published: January 2017

AimThe aim of this study is to examine the relationship between motor skill competence and body composition of 6‐ to 10‐year‐old children.MethodsSeventy girls and 86 boys participated. Body composition was measured by body mass index and skinfold thickness. Motor proficiency was evaluated through the Bruininks‐Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency‐Short Form, which included measures of gross motor skills and fine motor skills.ResultsSignificant associations were found for both sexes between the percentage of body fat and (i) the performance in each gross motor task, (ii) the composite score for gross motor skills and (iii) the motor proficiency score. The percentage of body fat was not significantly associated with the majority of the fine motor skills items and with the respective composite score. Considering body weigh categories, children with normal weight had significantly higher scores than their peers with overweight or with obesity in gross motor skills and in overall motor proficiency.ConclusionsChildren's motor proficiency is negatively associated with body fat, and normal weight children show better motor competence than those who are overweight or obese. The negative impact of excessive body weight is stronger for gross motor skills that involve dynamic body movements than for stationary object control skills; fine motor skills appear to be relatively independent of the constraints imposed by excessive body weight.
Documenting family history in children with hypercholesterolaemia: A lost opportunity
Authors: Sorubarajan Tharmarajah , Lewis Barry D , Burnett John R , Martin Andrew C 
Published: January 2017

AimTo determine whether information about a family history of hypercholesterolaemia or early cardiovascular disease was documented by paediatricians in children and adolescents with elevated low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol levels.MethodsRetrospective chart review of all children with a LDL‐cholesterol level ≥95th percentile (3.4 mmol/L) and ≥99th percentile (3.8 mmol/L) at a tertiary paediatric hospital in 2014.ResultsOf 86 children with a LDL‐cholesterol level ≥3.4 mmol/L, only 18 (20.9%) had documentation of a family history of hypercholesterolaemia or early cardiovascular disease. In those 18, 13 (72.2%) had a family history of hypercholesterolaemia and 11 (61.1%) a family history of early cardiovascular disease. Increasing the LDL‐cholesterol cut‐off level to ≥3.8 mmol/L (n = 46) did not improve documentation of a family history (9/46, 19.6%).ConclusionsIn patients with elevated LDL‐cholesterol levels, paediatricians rarely document a positive or negative family history of hypercholesterolaemia or early cardiovascular disease. This represents a lost opportunity to diagnose children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia.
In-vitro cytotoxicity and combination effects of the docetaxel-conjugated and doxorubicin-conjugated poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-folate-based polymeric micelles in human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Hami Zahra , Rezayat Seyed Mahdi , Gilani Kambiz , Amini Mohsen , Ghazi-Khansari Mahmoud 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Objectives
The pH-sensitive doxorubicin (DOX)-conjugated and docetaxel (DTX)-conjugated poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-folate (PLA-PEG-FOL)-based polymeric micelles were developed and characterized in this study.

Key findings
The drugs were released from the micelles (particle size, ~185 nm) in a pH-dependent manner. The drug-conjugated PLA-PEG-FOL micelles showed higher cellular uptake than nontargeting ones. Single agent and combination in-vitro cytotoxicity studies were also performed using the two drugs in both free and their micellar forms in SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells using three different cytotoxicity assays. Like the free drugs, DOX-conjugated and DTX-conjugated targeting micelles showed significant cytotoxic effects in SKOV3 cell line. Moreover, the drug-conjugated targeting micelles improved cytotoxicity compared to the FOL-free ones. Different ratios of IC50 of free drugs were used for combination therapy, and synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects were evaluated. The synergistic effect was observed in specific DOX : DTX mixing ratios, which result in the increase in therapeutic efficacy using low doses of each test compound without formulation related side effects.

Conclusions
The prepared micelles may provide appropriate delivery systems for doxorubicin and docetaxel in both single and combination therapies.
The Effect of increasing levels of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seed on the performance, ruminal fermentation, antioxidant status and milk fatty acid profile of Saanen dairy goats
Authors: Sharifi M. , Bashtani M. , Naserian A. A. , Farhangfar H. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis study was conducted to examine the effect of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seed (DPS) on the performance, ruminal fermentation, antioxidant status and milk fatty acid (FA) profile of dairy goats. Eight multiparous Saanen dairy goats, averaging 97 ± 7 days in milk (DIM) and 2150 ± 130 g of milk production, were used in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square design. Experimental diets contained 0% (control), 6% (DPS6), 12% (DPS12) and 18% (DPS18) of DPS. Dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, and the composition and digestibility of the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and crude protein (CP) were not affected by the diets. Adding DPS to the diet increased linearly total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in milk and blood (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in milk and blood. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities in the blood, ruminal pH, NH3‐N, ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, butyrate, isovalerate and valeric acid concentration had no significant effect among the diets. The propionate acid concentration decreased linearly as DPS was added to the diet, and DPS18 had minimum propionate acid concentration (p < 0.05). The inclusion of DPS18 to diets increased linearly the proportion of C18:0 (compared to control) as well as cis‐18:1, trans‐18:1 (compared to control and DPS6) and decreased C14:1 (compared to control) in milk fat (p < 0.05). The concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in DPS18 was higher than other diets (p = 0.04). The results of this study implied that replacing DPS with a part of dairy goats’ ration had no negative effects on the performance of the animals and could also improve the antioxidant activity and increase the concentration of CLA in their milk.
Quality of Colonoscopy Performed in Rural Practice: Experience From the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative and the Oregon Rural Practice‐Based Research Network
Authors: Holub Jennifer L. , Morris Cynthia , Fagnan Lyle J. , Logan Judith R. , Michaels LeAnn C. , Lieberman David A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeColon cancer screening is effective. To complete screening in 80% of individuals over age 50 years by 2018 will require adequate colonoscopy capacity throughout the country, including rural areas, where colonoscopy providers may have less specialized training. Our aim was to study the quality of colonoscopy in rural settings.MethodsThe Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative (CORI) and the Oregon Rural Practice‐based Research Network (ORPRN) collaborated to recruit Oregon rural practices to submit colonoscopy reports to CORI's National Endoscopic Database (NED). Ten ORPRN sites were compared to non‐ORPRN rural (n = 11) and nonrural (n = 43) sites between January 2009 and October 2011. Established colonoscopy quality measures were calculated for all sites.ResultsNo ORPRN physicians were gastroenterologists compared with 82% of nonrural physicians. ORPRN practices reached the cecum in 87.4% of exams compared with 89.3% of rural sites (P = .0002) and 90.9% of nonrural sites (P < .0001). Resected polyps were less likely to be retrieved (84.7% vs 91.6%; P < .0001) and sent to pathology (77.1% vs 91.3%; P < .0001) at ORPRN practices compared to nonrural sites. The overall polyp detection (39.0% vs 40.3%) was similar (P = .217) between ORPRN and nonrural practices. Of exams with polyps, the rate for largest polyp on exam 6‐9 mm was 20.8% at ORPRN sites, compared to 26.8% at nonrural sites (P < .0001), and for polyps >9mm 16.6% vs 18.7% (P = .106).ConclusionORPRN sites performed well on most colonoscopy quality measures, suggesting that high‐quality colonoscopy can be performed in rural settings.
Support and Sabotage: A Qualitative Study of Social Influences on Health Behaviors Among Rural Adults
Authors: Sriram Urshila , Morgan Emily H. , Graham Meredith L. , Folta Sara C. , Seguin Rebecca A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeSocial environments exert an important influence on health behaviors, yet evidence from rural‐specific contexts is limited. This study explored how social relationships influence health‐related behaviors among midlife and older rural adults at increased risk of chronic disease.MethodsSeventeen focus groups were conducted with 125 sedentary, overweight/obese adults (aged 40‐91 years) residing in “medically underserved” rural Montana towns in 2014. Groups were stratified by age (40‐64 and ≥65) and gender. Transcripts were examined thematically using NVivo software according to social influences on diet, physical activity, and tobacco use. Analyses were conducted in 2015‐2016.ResultsAttitudes and actions of family members and friends were key influences on health behaviors, in both health‐promoting and health‐damaging ways. In these small, isolated communities, support from and accountability to family and friends were common facilitators of behavior change and maintenance. However, expectations to conform to social norms and traditional gender roles (eg, caregiving duties) often hindered healthy lifestyle changes.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that health behavior interventions targeting adults in rural settings need to consider and, if possible, integrate strategies to address the impact of social relationships in both supporting and sabotaging behavior change and maintenance.
EumicrobeDBLite: a lightweight genomic resource and analytic platform for draft oomycete genomes
Authors: Panda Arijit , Sen Diya , Ghosh Arup , Gupta Akash , C. Mathu Malar , Prakash Mishra Gyan , Singh Deeksha , Ye Wenwu , Tyler Brett M. , Tripathy Sucheta 
Published: January 2017

SummaryWe have developed EumicrobeDBLite—a lightweight comprehensive genome resource and sequence analysis platform for oomycete organisms. EumicrobeDBLite is a successor of the VBI Microbial Database (VMD) that was built using the Genome Unified Schema (GUS). In this version, GUS has been greatly simplified with the removal of many obsolete modules and the redesign of others to incorporate contemporary data. Several dependences, such as perl object layers used for data loading in VMD, have been replaced with independent lightweight scripts. EumicrobeDBLite now runs on a powerful annotation engine developed at our laboratory, called ‘Genome Annotator Lite’. Currently, this database has 26 publicly available genomes and 10 expressed sequence tag (EST) datasets of oomycete organisms. The browser page has dynamic tracks presenting comparative genomics analyses, coding and non‐coding data, tRNA genes, repeats and EST alignments. In addition, we have defined 44 777 core conserved proteins from 12 oomycete organisms which form 2974 clusters. Synteny viewing is enabled by the incorporation of the Genome Synteny Viewer (GSV) tool. The user interface has undergone major changes for ease of browsing. Queryable comparative genomics information, conserved orthologous genes and pathways are among the new key features updated in this database. The browser has been upgraded to enable user upload of GFF files for quick view of genome annotation comparisons. The toolkit page integrates the EMBOSS package and has a gene prediction tool. Annotations for the organisms are updated once every 6 months to ensure quality. The database resource is available at www.eumicrobedb.org.
The transcriptional regulatory network mediated by banana (Musa acuminata) dehydration‐responsive element binding (MaDREB) transcription factors in fruit ripening
Authors: Kuang Jian‐Fei , Chen Jian‐Ye , Liu Xun‐Cheng , Han Yan‐Chao , Xiao Yun‐Yi , Shan Wei , Tang Yang , Wu Ke‐Qiang , He Jun‐Xian , Lu Wang‐Jin 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Fruit ripening is a complex, genetically programmed process involving the action of critical transcription factors (TFs). Despite the established significance of dehydration‐responsive element binding (DREB) TFs in plant abiotic stress responses, the involvement of DREBs in fruit ripening is yet to be determined.

Here, we identified four genes encoding ripening‐regulated DREB TFs in banana (Musa acuminata), MaDREB1, MaDREB2, MaDREB3, and MaDREB4, and demonstrated that they play regulatory roles in fruit ripening.

We showed that MaDREB1–MaDREB4 are nucleus‐localized, induced by ethylene and encompass transcriptional activation activities. We performed a genome‐wide chromatin immunoprecipitation and high‐throughput sequencing (ChIP‐Seq) experiment for MaDREB2 and identified 697 genomic regions as potential targets of MaDREB2. MaDREB2 binds to hundreds of loci with diverse functions and its binding sites are distributed in the promoter regions proximal to the transcriptional start site (TSS). Most of the MaDREB2‐binding targets contain the conserved (A/G)CC(G/C)AC motif and MaDREB2 appears to directly regulate the expression of a number of genes involved in fruit ripening. In combination with transcriptome profiling (RNA sequencing) data, our results indicate that MaDREB2 may serve as both transcriptional activator and repressor during banana fruit ripening.

In conclusion, our study suggests a hierarchical regulatory model of fruit ripening in banana and that the MaDREB TFs may act as transcriptional regulators in the regulatory network.