bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surfactant Proteins-A and -D Attenuate LPS-Induced Apoptosis in Primary Intestinal Epithelial Cells (IECs)
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Meng Qinghe , Yepuri Natesh , Wang Guirong , Xi Xiuming , Cooney Robert N. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
SP-A/D KO mice with sepsis demonstrate more severe lung, kidney, and gut injury/apoptosis than WT controls. We hypothesize SP-A and SP-D directly regulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and gut apoptosis during sepsis.

Methods:
Primary IECs were established from SP-A/D KO or C57BL/6 WT mice, stimulated with LPS and harvested at 24 h. IECs from WT mice were treated with SP-A, SP-D, or vehicle for 20 h, then LPS for 24 h. Apoptosis, cleaved caspase-3 levels and the ratio of BAX/Bcl-2 were assayed. The role of P38 MAPK was examined using the P38 MAPK-agonist U46619 and inhibitor SB203580 in LPS-treated cells. p-P38 MAPK/t-P38 MAPK, TLR4, and CD14 were measured by Western Blot.

Results:
LPS-induced apoptosis, caspase-3 levels, BAX/Bcl-2, and p-P38/t-P38 MAPK were increased in SP-A/D KO IECs. SP-A and SP-D attenuate LPS-induced increase in apoptosis, cleaved caspase-3, BAX/Bcl-2, and p-P38/t-P38 MAPK in WT IECs. U46619 increased apoptosis, caspase-3, and BAX/Bcl-2 in IECs which was attenuated by SP-A/D. SB203580 attenuates the LPS-induced increase in apoptosis, caspase-3, and BAX/Bcl-2 in WT IECs. Addition of SP-A or SP-D to SB203580 completely ameliorates LPS-induced apoptosis. The LPS-induced increase in TLR4 and CD14 expression is greater in IECs from SP-A/D KO mice and treatment of WT IECs with SP-A or SP-D prevents the LPS-induced increase in TLR4 and CD14.

Conclusions:
SP-A and SP-D attenuate LPS-induced increases in apoptosis, caspase-3, and BAX/Bcl-2 in IECs. Attenuation of LPS-induced activation of TLR4 and P38 MAPK signaling pathways represents potential mechanisms for the protective effects of SP-A/D on apoptosis.
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Then and Now: An Updated Systematic Review of the Progress and Short-term Outcomes Over the Last 5 Years
Authors: Emile Sameh H. , Elfeki Hossam , Elalfy Khaled , Abdallah Emad 
Published: June 2017

Introduction and Aim:
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is considered one of the most popular bariatric surgeries of the present time. This review aimed to evaluate the progress and short-term outcomes of LSG over the last 5 years.

Methods:
The systematic review of electronic databases revealed 27 relevant articles, which were carefully assessed. The data extracted from the studies were analyzed and compared with data reported by a previous review published in 2010.

Results:
A total of 5218 patients were included in this review with a mean age of 41.1. The average preoperative body mass index (43.8±8) significantly dropped at 12 months to 30.7±3.9. The average percentage of excess weight loss at 1 year was 67.3. The mean rates of remission of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were 81.9%, 66.5%, and 64.1%, respectively. The mean complication rate across the studies was 8.7% and the average mortality rate was 0.3%. A significant drop in postoperative body mass index, higher percentage of excess weight loss, and significantly lower overall complication rate were observed in comparison with the previous systematic review.

Conclusions:
LSG continues to achieve satisfactory weight loss and improvement of obesity-related comorbidities with acceptably low morbidity and mortality rates.
Laparoscopic Total Extraperitoneal (TEP) Inguinal Hernia Repair Using 3-dimensional Mesh Without Mesh Fixation
Authors: Aliyazicioglu Tolga , Yalti Tunc , Kabaoglu Burcak 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Approximately one fifth of patients suffer from inguinal pain after laparoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair. There is existing literature suggesting that the staples used to fix the mesh can cause postoperative inguinal pain. In this study, we describe our experience with laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia surgery using 3-dimensional mesh without mesh fixation, in our institution.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 300 patients who had undergone laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair with 3-dimensional mesh in VKV American Hospital, Istanbul from November 2006 to November 2015 were studied retrospectively. Using the hospital’s electronic archive, we studied patients’ selected parameters, which are demographic features (age, sex), body mass index, hernia locations and types, duration of operations, preoperative and postoperative complications, duration of hospital stays, cost of surgery, need for analgesics, time elapsed until returning to daily activities and work.

Results:
A total of 300 patients underwent laparoscopic TEP hernia repair of 437 inguinal hernias from November 2006 to November 2015. Of the 185 patients, 140 were symptomatic. Mean duration of follow-up was 48 months (range, 6 to 104 mo). The mean duration of surgery was 55 minutes for bilateral hernia repair, and 38 minutes for unilateral hernia repair. The mean duration of hospital stay was 0.9 day. There was no conversion to open surgery. In none of the cases the mesh was fixated with either staples or fibrin glue. Six patients (2%) developed seroma that were treated conservatively. One patient had inguinal hernia recurrence. One patient had preperitoneal hematoma. One patient operated due to indirect right-sided hernia developed right-sided hydrocele. One patient had wound dehiscence at the umbilical port entry site. Chronic pain developed postoperatively in 1 patient. Ileus developed in 1 patient.

Conclusions:
Laparoscopic TEP inguinal repair with 3-dimensional mesh without mesh fixation can be performed as safe as repair with tack fixation.
Does prehospital management by doctors affect outcome in major trauma? A systematic review
Authors: Wilson Stephanie Laura , Gangathimmaiah Vinay 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND
There is substantial variation worldwide in prehospital management of trauma and the role of doctors is controversial. The objective of this review was to determine whether prehospital management by doctors affects outcomes in major trauma, including the prespecified subgroup of severe traumatic brain injuries when compared with management by other advanced life support providers.

METHODS
EMBASE, MEDLINE(R), PubMed, SciELO, Trip, Web of Science, and Zetoc were searched for published articles. HSRProj, OpenGrey, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched for unpublished data. Relevant reference lists were hand-searched. There were no limits on publication year, but articles were limited to the English language. Authors were contacted for further information as required. Quality was assessed using the Downs and Black criteria. Mortality was the primary outcome, and disability was the secondary outcome of interest. Studies were subjected to a descriptive analysis alone without a meta-analysis due to significant study heterogeneity. All searches, quality assessment, data abstraction, and data analysis was performed by two reviewers independently.

RESULTS
Two thousand thirty-seven articles were identified, 49 full-text articles assessed and eight studies included. The included studies consisted of one randomized controlled trial with 375 participants and seven observational studies with over 4,451 participants. All included studies were at a moderate to high risk of bias. Six of the eight included studies showed an improved outcome with prehospital management by doctors, five in terms of mortality and one in terms of disability. Two studies found no significant difference.

CONCLUSION
There appears to be an association between prehospital management by doctors and improved survival in major trauma. There may also be an association with improved survival and better functional outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury. Further high-quality evidence is needed to confirm these findings.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic review, level III.
Big for small: Validating brain injury guidelines in pediatric traumatic brain injury
Authors: Azim Asad , Jehan Faisal S. , Rhee Peter , O’Keeffe Terence , Tang Andrew , Vercruysse Gary , Kulvatunyou Narong , Latifi Rifat , Joseph Bellal 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND
Brain injury guidelines (BIG) were developed to reduce overutilization of neurosurgical consultation (NC) as well as computed tomography (CT) imaging. Currently, BIG have been successfully applied to adult populations, but the value of implementing these guidelines among pediatric patients remains unassessed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the established BIG (BIG-1 category) for managing pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) without NC (no-NC).

METHODS
We prospectively implemented the BIG-1 category (normal neurologic examination, ICH ≤ 4 mm limited to one location, no skull fracture) to identify pediatric TBI patients (age, ≤ 21 years) that were to be managed no-NC. Propensity score matching was performed to match these no-NC patients to a similar cohort of patients managed with NC before the implementation of BIG in a 1:1 ratio for demographics, severity of injury, and type as well as size of ICH. Our primary outcome measure was need for neurosurgical intervention.

RESULTS
A total of 405 pediatric TBI patients were enrolled, of which 160 (NC, 80; no-NC, 80) were propensity score matched. The mean age was 9.03 ± 7.47 years, 62.1% (n = 85) were male, the median Glasgow Coma Scale score was 15 (13–15), and the median head Abbreviated Injury Scale score was 2 (2–3). A subanalysis based on stratifying patients by age groups showed a decreased in the use of repeat head CT (p = 0.02) in the no-NC group, with no difference in progression (p = 0.34) and the need for neurosurgical intervention (p = 0.9) compared with the NC group.

CONCLUSION
The BIG can be safely and effectively implemented in pediatric TBI patients. Reducing repeat head CT in pediatric patients has long-term sequelae. Likewise, adhering to the guidelines helps in reducing radiation exposure across all age groups.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/care management, level III.
Functional movement disorders
Authors: Barbey Anita , Aybek Selma 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
The review highlights the clinical presentation of functional movement disorders (FMDs) and presents current evidence on bedside signs and paraclinical tests to differentiate them from other neurological disorders.

Recent findings
FMDs are diagnosed by the presence of positive clinical signs as emphasized in the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 classification criteria. Bedside signs are numerous, and a subset of them has been validated in controlled studies. This review summarizes evidence from the literature on specificity and sensibility of positive clinical signs for FMDs. The value of rule-in paraclinical tests to confirm the diagnosis is also presented. Recent developments in neuroscience with pathophysiological mechanisms and current treatment strategies are also discussed.

Summary
FMDs represent a field of neurology that is currently rapidly growing in terms of research. Clinicians should be aware that highly reliable signs exist for the diagnosis and that early multidisciplinary treatment should be offered.
Poor livestock keepers: ecosystem–poverty–health interactions
Authors: Grace Delia , Lindahl Johanna , Wanyoike Francis , Bett Bernard , Randolph Tom , Rich Karl M. 
Published: June 2017

Humans have never been healthier, wealthier or more numerous. Yet, present success may be at the cost of future prosperity and in some places, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, poverty persists. Livestock keepers, especially pastoralists, are over-represented among the poor. Poverty has been mainly attributed to a lack of access, whether to goods, education or enabling institutions. More recent insights suggest ecosystems may influence poverty and the self-reinforcing mechanisms that constitute poverty traps in more subtle ways. The plausibility of zoonoses as poverty traps is strengthened by landmark studies on disease burden in recent years. While in theory, endemic zoonoses are best controlled in the animal host, in practice, communities are often left to manage disease themselves, with the focus on treatment rather than prevention. We illustrate this with results from a survey on health costs in a pastoral ecosystem. Epidemic zoonoses are more likely to elicit official responses, but these can have unintended consequences that deepen poverty traps. In this context, a systems understanding of disease control can lead to more effective and pro-poor disease management. We illustrate this with an example of how a system dynamics model can help optimize responses to Rift Valley fever outbreaks in Kenya by giving decision makers real-time access to the costs of the delay in vaccinating. In conclusion, a broader, more ecological understanding of poverty and of the appropriate responses to the diseases of poverty can contribute to improved livelihoods for livestock keepers in Africa.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘One Health for a changing world: zoonoses, ecosystems and human well-being’.
One Health contributions towards more effective and equitable approaches to health in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Cleaveland S. , Sharp J. , Abela-Ridder B. , Allan K. J. , Buza J. , Crump J. A. , Davis A. , Del Rio Vilas V. J. , de Glanville W. A. , Kazwala R. R. , Kibona T. , Lankester F. J. , Lugelo A. , Mmbaga B. T. , Rubach M. P. , Swai E. S. , Waldman L. , Haydon D. T. , Hampson K. , Halliday J. E. B. 
Published: June 2017

Emerging zoonoses with pandemic potential are a stated priority for the global health security agenda, but endemic zoonoses also have a major societal impact in low-resource settings. Although many endemic zoonoses can be treated, timely diagnosis and appropriate clinical management of human cases is often challenging. Preventive ‘One Health’ interventions, e.g. interventions in animal populations that generate human health benefits, may provide a useful approach to overcoming some of these challenges. Effective strategies, such as animal vaccination, already exist for the prevention, control and elimination of many endemic zoonoses, including rabies, and several livestock zoonoses (e.g. brucellosis, leptospirosis, Q fever) that are important causes of human febrile illness and livestock productivity losses in low- and middle-income countries. We make the case that, for these diseases, One Health interventions have the potential to be more effective and generate more equitable benefits for human health and livelihoods, particularly in rural areas, than approaches that rely exclusively on treatment of human cases. We hypothesize that applying One Health interventions to tackle these health challenges will help to build trust, community engagement and cross-sectoral collaboration, which will in turn strengthen the capacity of fragile health systems to respond to the threat of emerging zoonoses and other future health challenges. One Health interventions thus have the potential to align the ongoing needs of disadvantaged communities with the concerns of the broader global community, providing a pragmatic and equitable approach to meeting the global goals for sustainable development and supporting the global health security agenda.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘One Health for a changing world: zoonoses, ecosystems and human well-being’.
Structural drivers of vulnerability to zoonotic disease in Africa
Authors: Dzingirai Vupenyu , Bukachi Salome , Leach Melissa , Mangwanya Lindiwe , Scoones Ian , Wilkinson Annie 
Published: June 2017

This paper argues that addressing the underlying structural drivers of disease vulnerability is essential for a ‘One Health’ approach to tackling zoonotic diseases in Africa. Through three case studies—trypanosomiasis in Zimbabwe, Ebola and Lassa fever in Sierra Leone and Rift Valley fever in Kenya—we show how political interests, commercial investments and conflict and securitization all generate patterns of vulnerability, reshaping the political ecology of disease landscapes, influencing traditional coping mechanisms and affecting health service provision and outbreak responses. A historical, political economy approach reveals patterns of ‘structural violence’ that reinforce inequalities and marginalization of certain groups, increasing disease risks. Addressing the politics of One Health requires analysing trade-offs and conflicts between interests and visions of the future. For all zoonotic diseases economic and political dimensions are ultimately critical and One Health approaches must engage with these factors, and not just end with an ‘anti-political’ focus on institutional and disciplinary collaboration.This article is part of the themed issue ‘One Health for a changing world: zoonoses, ecosystems and human well-being’.
Musical Imagery Involves the Wernicke’s Area in Bilateral and Anti-Correlated Network Interactions in Musicians
Authors: Zhang Yizhen , Chen Gang , Wen Haiguang , Lu Kun-Han , Liu Zhongming 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMusical imagery is a human experience of imagining music without actually hearing it. The neural basis of such a mental ability is unclear, especially for musicians capable of accurate and vivid musical imagery due to their musical training. Here, we visualized an 8-min symphony as a silent movie, and used it as real-time cues for musicians to continuously imagine the music for multiple synchronized sessions during functional magnetic resonance imaging. The activations and networks evoked by musical imagery were compared with those when the subjects directly listened to the same music. The musical imagery and perception shared similar responses at bilateral secondary auditory areas and Wernicke’s area for encoding the musical feature. But the Wernicke’s area was involved in highly distinct network interactions during musical imagery vs. perception. The former involved positive correlations with a subset of the auditory network and the attention network, but negative correlations with the default mode network; the latter was confined to the intrinsic auditory network in the resting state. Our results highlight the important role of the Wernicke’s area in forming vivid musical imagery through bilateral and anti-correlated network interactions, challenging the conventional view of segregated and lateralized processing of music vs. language.
Generic assembly patterns in complex ecological communities
Authors: Barbier Matthieu , Arnoldi Jean-Franois , Bunin Guy , Loreau Michel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe study of ecological communities often involves detailed simulations of complex networks. But our empirical knowledge of these networks is typically incomplete, and the space of simulation models and parameters is vast, leaving room for uncertainty in theoretical predictions. Here, we show that a large fraction of this space of possibilities exhibits generic behaviors that are robust to modelling choices. We consider a wide array of model features, including interaction types and community structures, known to generate different dynamics for a few species. We combine these features in large simulated communities, and show that equilibrium diversity, functioning and stability can be predicted analytically using a random model parameterized by a few statistical properties of the community. We give an ecological interpretation of this “disordered” limit where structure fails to emerge from complexity. We also demonstrate that some well-studied interaction patterns remain relevant in large ecosystems, but their impact can be encapsulated in a minimal number of additional parameters. Our approach provides a powerful framework for predicting the outcomes of ecosystem assembly and quantifying the added value of more detailed models and measurements.
Persistent one-way walking in a circular arena inDrosophila melanogasterCanton-S strain
Authors: Xiao Chengfeng , Qiu Shuang , Robertson R Meldrum 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe describe persistent one-way walking ofDrosophila melanogasterin a circular arena. Wild-type Canton-S adult flies walked in one direction, counter-clockwise or clockwise, for minutes, whereas white-eyed mutantw1118changed directions frequently. Locomotion in the circular arena could be classified into four components: counter-clockwise walking, clockwise walking, nondirectional walking and pausing. Genetic analysis revealed that while wild-type genetic background was associated with reduced directional change and reduced numbers of one-way (including counterclockwise and clockwise) and nondirectional walks, thewhite(w+) locus promoted persistent oneway walking by increasing the maximal duration of one-way episodes. The promoting effect ofw+was further supported by the observations that (1)w+duplicated to the Y chromosome, (2) four genomic copies ofmini-whiteinserted on the autosomes, and (3) pan-neuronal overexpression of the White protein increased the maximal duration of one-way episodes, and that RNAi knockdown ofw+in the neurons decreased the maximal duration of one-way episodes. These results suggested a pleiotropic function ofw+in promoting persistent one-way walking in the circular arena.
GFF3sort: a novel tool to sort GFF3 files for tabix indexing
Authors: Zhu Tao , Liang Chengzhen , Meng Zhigang , Guo Sandui , Zhang Rui 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground:The traditional method of visualizing gene annotation data in JBrowse is converting GFF3 files to JSON format, which is time-consuming. The latest version of JBrowse supports rendering sorted GFF3 files indexed by tabix, a novel strategy that is more convenient than the original conversion process. However, current tools available for GFF3 file sorting have some limitations and their sorting results would lead to erroneous rendering in JBrowse.Results:We developed GFF3sort, a script to sort GFF3 files for tabix indexing. Specifically designed for JBrowse rendering, GFF3sort can properly deal with the order of features that have the same chromosome and start position, either by remembering their original orders or by conducting parent-child topology sorting. Based on our test datasets from seven species, GFF3sort produced accurate sorting results with acceptable efficiency compared with currently available tools.Conclusions:GFF3sort is a novel tool to sort GFF3 files for tabix indexing. We anticipate that GFF3sort will be useful to help with genome annotation data processing and visualization.