bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal Phosphides and Phosphates‐based Electrodes for Electrochemical Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Xin , Elshahawy Abdelnaby M. , Guan Cao , Wang John 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPhosphorus compounds, such as metal phosphides and phosphates have shown excellent performances and great potential in electrochemical energy storage, which are demonstrated by research works published in recent years. Some of these metal phosphides and phosphates and their hybrids compare favorably with transition metal oxides/hydroxides, which have been studied extensively as a class of electrode materials for supercapacitor applications, where they have limitations in terms of electrical and ion conductivity and device stability. To be specific, metal phosphides have both metalloid characteristics and good electric conductivity. For metal phosphates, the open‐framework structures with large channels and cavities endow them with good ion conductivity and charge storage capacity. In this review, we present the recent progress on metal phosphides and phosphates, by focusing on their advantages/disadvantages and potential applications as a new class of electrode materials in supercapacitors. The synthesis methods to prepare these metal phosphides/phosphates are looked into, together with the scientific insights involved, as they strongly affect the electrochemical energy storage performance. Particular attentions are paid to those hybrid‐type materials, where strong synergistic effects exist. In the summary, the future perspectives and challenges for the metal phosphides, phosphates and hybrid‐types are proposed and discussed.
Mesoporous NiS2 Nanospheres Anode with Pseudocapacitance for High‐Rate and Long‐Life Sodium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Sun Ruimin , Liu Sijie , Wei Qiulong , Sheng Jinzhi , Zhu Shaohua , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIt is of great importance to exploit electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with low cost, long life, and high‐rate capability. However, achieving quick charge and high power density is still a major challenge for most SIBs electrodes because of the sluggish sodiation kinetics. Herein, uniform and mesoporous NiS2 nanospheres are synthesized via a facile one‐step polyvinylpyrrolidone assisted method. By controlling the voltage window, the mesoporous NiS2 nanospheres present excellent electrochemical performance in SIBs. It delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 692 mA h g−1. The NiS2 anode also exhibits excellent high‐rate capability (253 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1) and long‐term cycling performance (319 mA h g−1 capacity remained even after 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1). A dominant pseudocapacitance contribution is identified and verified by kinetics analysis. In addition, the amorphization and conversion reactions during the electrochemical process of the mesoporous NiS2 nanospheres is also investigated by in situ X‐ray diffraction. The impressive electrochemical performance reveals that the NiS2 offers great potential toward the development of next generation large scale energy storage.
Mechanized proofs of opacity: a comparison of two techniques
Authors: Derrick John , Doherty Simon , Dongol Brijesh , Schellhorn Gerhard , Travkin Oleg , Wehrheim Heike 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Software transactional memory (STM) provides programmers with a high-level programming abstraction for synchronization of parallel processes, allowing blocks of codes that execute in an interleaved manner to be treated as atomic blocks. This atomicity property is captured by a correctness criterion called
opacity
, which relates the behaviour of an STM implementation to those of a sequential atomic specification. In this paper, we prove opacity of a recently proposed STM implementation: the Transactional Mutex Lock (TML) by Dalessandro et al. For this, we employ two different methods: the first method directly shows all histories of TML to be opaque (proof by induction), using a linearizability proof of TML as an assistance; the second method shows TML to be a refinement of an existing intermediate specification called TMS2 which is known to be opaque (proof by simulation). Both proofs are carried out within interactive provers, the first with KIV and the second with both Isabelle and KIV. This allows to compare not only the proof techniques in principle, but also their complexity in mechanization. It turns out that the second method, already leveraging an existing proof of opacity of TMS2, allows the proof to be decomposed into two independent proofs in the way that the linearizability proof does not.
Clinical Safety of Renaming Encapsulated Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Is NIFTP Truly Benign?
Authors: Parente David N. , Kluijfhout Wouter P. , Bongers Pim J. , Verzijl Raoul , Devon Karen M. , Rotstein Lorne E. , Goldstein David P. , Asa Sylvia L. , Mete Ozgur , Pasternak Jesse D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundRenaming encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (EFVPTC) to noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) was recently suggested to prevent the overtreatment, cost and stigma associated with this low‐risk entity. The purpose of this study is to document the incidence and further assess the clinical outcomes of reclassifying EFVPTC to NIFTP.MethodsWe searched synoptic pathologic reports from a high‐volume academic endocrine surgery hospital from 2004 to 2013. The standard of surgical pathology practice was based on complete submission of malignant thyroid nodules along with the nontumorous thyroid parenchyma. Rigid morphological criteria were used for the diagnosis of noninvasive EFVPTC, currently known as NIFTP. A retrospective chart review was conducted looking for evidence of malignant behavior.ResultsOne hundred and two patients met the strict inclusion criteria of NIFTP. The incidence of NIFTP in our cohort was 2.1% of papillary thyroid cancer cases during the studied time period. Mean follow‐up was 5.7 years (range 0–11). Five patients were identified with nodal metastasis and one patient with distant metastasis. Overall, six patients showed evidence of malignant behavior representing 6% of patients with NIFTP.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that the incidence of NIFTP is significantly lower than previously thought. Furthermore, evidence of malignant behavior was seen in a significant number of NIFTP patients. Although the authors fully support the de‐escalation of aggressive treatment for low‐risk thyroid cancers, NIFTP behaves as a low‐risk thyroid cancer rather than a benign entity and ongoing surveillance is warranted.
Research on the information transfer characteristics of dimensions in the product variant design process
Authors: Xu Xinsheng , Yan Tianhong , Ding Yangke 
Published: August 2017

AbstractProduct variant design, as one of the key enabling technologies of mass customization, is the transfer of variant information among mating parts from the perspective of informatics. A dimension constraint network (DCN) among mating parts carries on the task of transferring variant information. What are the information transfer characteristics of dimensions in a constraint network is a fundamental issue to plan the product variant design process reasonably. We begin by showing the natural dynamics of the DCN from two aspects: structure and uncertainty. The information efficiency of the DCN was proposed based on its simple path to specify the information transfer capability of the network. Based on this, the information centrality of the dimension was developed by measuring the efficiency loss of the DCN after the removal of a dimension from the network, which describes the information transfer capability of this dimension. Further, the information centrality of a part was derived. Using a spherical valve subassembly, we calculated the information centrality of the dimensions in a constraint network. We determined that the information centrality of dimension is highly correlated to its out-degree. An approach to plan the sequence of the part variant design according to its information centrality was proposed. We calculated the uncertainties of the DCN and its cumulative uncertainties under different sequences of the part variant design. Results indicate that part variant design under the descending information centrality of the parts minimizes the uncertainty of the DCN. This suggests a new method of planning the sequence of part variant design.
Discovery of a ROCK inhibitor, FPND, which prevents cerebral hemorrhage through maintaining vascular integrity by interference with VE-cadherin
Authors: Li Shang , Ai Nana , Shen Mingyun , Dang Yuanye , Chong Cheong-Meng , Pan Peichen , Kwan Yiu Wa , Chan Shun Wan , Leung George Pak Heng , Hoi Maggie Pui Man , Hou Tingjun , Lee Simon Ming-Yuen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHemorrhagic stroke occurs when a weakened vessel ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding brain, leading to high rates of death and disability worldwide. A series of complex pathophysiological cascades contribute to the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, and no therapies have proven effective to prevent hemorrhagic stroke. Stabilization of vascular integrity has been considered as a potential therapeutic target for hemorrhagic stroke. ROCKs, which belong to the serine/threonine protein kinase family and participate in the organization of actin cytoskeleton, have become attractive targets for the treatment of strokes. In this study, in vitro enzyme-based assays revealed that a new compound (FPND) with a novel scaffold identified by docking-based virtual screening could inhibit ROCK1 specifically at low micromolar concentration. Molecular modeling showed that FPND preferentially interacted with ROCK1, and the difference between the binding affinity of FPND toward ROCK1 and ROCK2 primarily resulted from non-polar contributions. Furthermore, FPND significantly prevented statin-induced cerebral hemorrhage in a zebrafish model. In addition, in vitro studies using the xCELLigence RTCA system, immunofluorescence and western blotting revealed that FPND prevented statin-induced cerebral hemorrhage by enhancing endothelial cell–cell junctions through inhibiting the ROCK-mediated VE-cadherin signaling pathway. As indicated by the extremely low toxicity of FPND against mice, it is safe and can potentially prevent vascular integrity loss-related diseases, such as hemorrhagic stroke.
TRAIL DR5-CTSB crosstalk participates in breast cancer autophagy initiated by SAHA
Authors: Han Han , Zhou Hui , Li Jing , Feng Xiuyan , Zou Dan , Zhou Weiqiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo investigate the ability of SAHA-induced TRAIL DR5-CTSB crosstalk to initiate the breast cancer autophagy, RTCA assay was performed to assess the effect of SAHA on breast cancer cells, and western blot and ELISA were used to verify the inductive effects on expression of CTSB. Breast cancer cells were transfected with TRAIL DR5 siRNA to block the function of TRAIL DR5. Cell viability and apoptosis of breast cancer cells were analyzed using a muse cell analyzer. The distribution of LC3-II in TRAIL DR5-silenced breast cancer cells treated with SAHA was observed by immunofluorescence microscopy, the mRNA levels of autophagy-related genes were detected by RNA microarray, and the activity of autophagy-related signaling pathways was screened by MAPK antibody array. Results indicated that SAHA did indeed repress the growth of breast cancer cell lines with inducing CTSB expression. Western blot and ELISA results indicated that TRAIL DR5 was involved in the expression of CTSB in SAHA-induced breast cancer cells. Cell viability and apoptosis assays showed that the inactivation of TRAIL DR5 can significantly inhibit the effects of SAHA. An immunofluorescence assay indicated that, with SAHA treatment, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells underwent apparent morphological changes. While SAHA was added in the TRAIL-DR5 blocked cells, the distribution of LC3-II signal was dispersed, the intensity of fluorescence signal was weaker than that of SAHA alone. RNA array indicated that SAHA significantly increased mRNA expression of autophagy marker LC3A/B whereas the change was significantly reversed in TRAIL DR5-silenced cells. The results of MAPK antibody array showed that SAHA and TRAIL DR5 could affect the activity of AKT1, AKT2, and TOR protein in breast cancer cells. These results provide more evidence that SAHA may stimulate TRAIL DR5-CTSB crosstalk, influence the activity of downstream TOR signalling pathway mainly through the AKTs pathway, and initiate the autophagy of breast cancer cells.
Modeling and measurement of curing properties of photocurable polymer containing magnetic particles and microcapsules
Authors: Yasui Masato , Ikuta Koji 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn microstereolithography, three-dimensional microstructures are created by scanning an ultraviolet laser on a photocurable resin and stacking several such layers to form the desired structure. By mixing different types of particles in the resin, the formed microstructures exhibit various physical properties. For example, the magnetism and density of the microstructure can be controlled by adding magnetic particles and microcapsules to the resin. This method has been used to fabricate magnetic micromachines. Although such functional resins are useful, the incorporated magnetic particles and microcapsules can affect the fabrication resolution, making it difficult to fabricate microstructures with high precision. Thus, it is necessary to understand the effects of such microparticles and microcapsules on the fabrication process. In this study, we propose a simple model of curing resins containing magnetic particles and microcapsules to explain the effects of the magnetic particles and microcapsules. The proposed model can explain the observed curing characteristics of a resin that contains particles for all concentrations as well as for different types of magnetic particles and microcapsules. Finally, using the proposed model, we discuss how to improve the characteristics of resins containing microparticles to realize the high-resolution fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures with desirable material properties.
Comparing structural and transcriptional drug networks reveals signatures of drug activity and toxicity in transcriptional responses
Authors: Sirci Francesco , Napolitano Francesco , Pisonero-Vaquero Sandra , Carrella Diego , Medina Diego L. , di Bernardo Diego 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe performed an integrated analysis of drug chemical structures and drug-induced transcriptional responses. We demonstrated that a network representing three-dimensional structural similarities among 5452 compounds can be used to automatically group together drugs with similar scaffolds, physicochemical parameters and mode-of-action. We compared the structural network to a network representing transcriptional similarities among a subset of 1309 drugs for which transcriptional response were available in the Connectivity Map data set. Analysis of structurally similar, but transcriptionally different drugs sharing the same MOA enabled us to detect and remove weak and noisy transcriptional responses, greatly enhancing the reliability of transcription-based approaches to drug discovery and drug repositioning. Cardiac glycosides exhibited the strongest transcriptional responses with a significant induction of pathways related to epigenetic regulation, which suggests an epigenetic mechanism of action for these drugs. Drug classes with the weakest transcriptional responses tended to induce expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, hinting at drug-induced drug resistance. Analysis of transcriptionally similar, but structurally different drugs with unrelated MOA, led us to the identification of a 'toxic' transcriptional signature indicative of lysosomal stress (lysosomotropism) and lipid accumulation (phospholipidosis) partially masking the target-specific transcriptional effects of these drugs. We found that this transcriptional signature is shared by 258 compounds and it is associated to the activation of the transcription factor TFEB, a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Finally, we built a predictive Random Forest model of these 258 compounds based on 128 physicochemical parameters, which should help in the early identification of potentially toxic drug candidates.
Toroidal response in all-dielectric metamaterials based on water
Authors: Stenishchev Ivan V. , Basharin Alexey A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe experimentally demonstrate for the first time the toroidal dipolar response in metamaterials based on clusters of cylindrical dielectric particles in microwave frequency range. Instead of expensive ceramic elements we used distilled water with permittivity at room temperature is about 75, while the dielectric loss tangent is not large at frequencies up to 4 GHz. Moreover, we show all-dielectric metamaterial consisting of water box with hollow tubes which is more practical for future applications. Our findings also demonstrate that the proposed ideas can be applicable in optics with low-index dielectrics.
No difference in plasticity between different ploidy levels in the Mediterranean herb Mercurialis annua
Authors: Sánchez Vilas Julia , Pannell John R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIncreased phenotypic plasticity for a number of plant traits has been suggested as a possible reason for the success and spread of polyploids. One such trait is a plant’s sex allocation (or gender), which influences its reproductive success directly as a function of the potentially heterogeneous mating prospects in the population. However, it is unknown how polyploidyper semight affect plasticity in a plant’s sex allocation. Although there have been numerous comparisons between diploid and (usually) tetraploid taxa, we know very little about how elevated ploidy above the diploid level might affect plasticity. Here, we ask whether different ploidy levels > 2x express different plasticity in the ruderal plantMercurialis annua. We grew tetraploid and hexaploid hermaphrodites under different levels of nutrient availability and compared their reaction norms for growth (above-ground biomass, SLA) and reproductive traits (reproductive effort, phenotypic gender). Overall, we found that an increase in ploidy level from 4x to 6x inM.annuais associated with an increase in the relative biomass allocated to seeds, measured as female reproductive effort. However, our study provides no support for the idea that increasing ploidy level increases the ability to express different phenotypes in response to changes in the environment.
Phase Behavior and Thermodynamic Model Parameters in Simulations of Extractive Distillation for Azeotrope Separation
Authors: Li Min , Xu Xicai , Li Xin , Ma Kang , Qin Bin , Zhu Zhaoyou , Wang Yinglong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractExtractive distillation (ED) processes for separating ternary mixtures of benzene-cyclohexane-toluene with dimethyl formamide (DMF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) were studied using Aspen Plus and PRO/II simulators. The Aspen Plus built-in binary interaction parameters for the toluene-DMF, benzene-NMP and cyclohexane-NMP systems resulted in inaccurate phase behavior calculations. The vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) for the three binary systems was regressed to illustrate the importance of using accurate model parameters. The obtained binary interaction parameters described the phase behavior more accurately compared with the built-in binary interaction parameters in Aspen Plus. In this study, the effects of the regressed and built-in binary interaction parameters on the ED process design are presented. The total annual cost (TAC) was calculated to further illustrate the importance of the regressed binary interaction parameters. The results show that phase behavior and thermodynamic model parameters should receive more attention during the research and development of ED processes.
Using the New CellCollector to Capture Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood in Different Groups of Pulmonary Disease: A Cohort Study
Authors: He Yutong , Shi Jin , Shi Gaofeng , Xu Xiaoli , Liu Qingyi , Liu Congmin , Gao Zhaoyu , Bai Jiaoteng , Shan Baoen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are promising biomarkers for clinical application. Cancer screening with Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) and CTC detections in pulmonary nodule patients has never been reported. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of the combined methods to screen lung cancer. Out of 8313 volunteers screened by LDCT, 32 ground-glass nodules (GGNs) patients and 19 healthy volunteers were randomly selected. Meanwhile, 15 lung cancer patients also enrolled. CellCollector, a new CTC capturing device, was applied for CTCs detection. In GGNs group, five CTC positive patients with six CTCs were identified, 15.6% were positive (range, 1–2). In lung cancer group, 73.3% of the analyzed CellCollector cells were positive (range, 1–7) and no “CTC-like” events were detected in healthy group. All CTCs detected from GGNs group were isolated from the CellCollector functional domain and determined by whole genomic amplification for next-generation sequencing(NGS) analysis. NGS data showed that three cancer-related genes contained mutations in five CTC positive patients, including KIT, SMARCB1 and TP53 genes. In four patients, 16 mutation genes existed. Therefore, LDCT combined with CTC analysis by an in vivo device in high-risk pulmonary nodule patients was a promising way to screen early stage lung cancer.
Dynamics of resilience of wheat to drought in Australia from 1991–2010
Authors: Huai Jianjun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlthough enhancing resilience is a well-recognized adaptation to climate change, little research has been undertaken on the dynamics of resilience. This occurs because complex relationships exist between adaptive capacity and resilience, and some issues also create challenges related to the construction, operation, and application of resilience. This study identified the dynamics of temporal, spatial changes of resilience found in a sample of wheat–drought resilience in Australia’s wheat–sheep production zone during 1991–2010. I estimated resilience using principal component analysis, mapped resilience and its components, distinguished resilient and sensitive regions, and provided recommendations related to improving resilience. I frame that resilience is composed of social resilience including on- and off-site adaptive capacity as well as biophysical resilience including resistance and absorption. I found that resilience and its components have different temporal trends, spatial shifts and growth ratios in each region during different years, which results from complicated interactions, such as complementation and substitution among its components. In wheat-sheep zones, I recommend that identifying regional bottlenecks, science-policy engagement, and managing resilience components are the priorities for improving resilience.