bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of high-quality total ribonucleic acid isolation from cartilaginous tissues for real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis
Authors: Peeters M. , Huang C. L. , Vonk L. A. , Lu Z. F. , Bank R. A. , Helder M. N. , Doulabi B. Zandieh 
Published: November 2016

Objectives Studies which consider the molecular mechanisms of degeneration and regeneration of cartilaginous tissues are seriously hampered by problematic ribonucleic acid (RNA) isolations due to low cell density and the dense, proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix of cartilage. Proteoglycans tend to co-purify with RNA, they can absorb the full spectrum of UV light and they are potent inhibitors of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Therefore, the objective of the present study is to compare and optimise different homogenisation methods and RNA isolation kits for an array of cartilaginous tissues. Materials and Methods Tissue samples such as the nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus (AF), articular cartilage (AC) and meniscus, were collected from goats and homogenised by either the MagNA Lyser or Freezer Mill. RNA of duplicate samples was subsequently isolated by either TRIzol (benchmark), or the RNeasy Lipid Tissue, RNeasy Fibrous Tissue, or Aurum Total RNA Fatty and Fibrous Tissue kits. RNA yield, purity, and integrity were determined and gene expression levels of type II collagen and aggrecan were measured by real-time PCR. Results No differences between the two homogenisation methods were found. RNA isolation using the RNeasy Fibrous and Lipid kits resulted in the purest RNA (A260/A280 ratio), whereas TRIzol isolations resulted in RNA that is not as pure, and show a larger difference in gene expression of duplicate samples compared with both RNeasy kits. The Aurum kit showed low reproducibility. Conclusion For the extraction of high-quality RNA from cartilaginous structures, we suggest homogenisation of the samples by the MagNA Lyser. For AC, NP and AF we recommend the RNeasy Fibrous kit, whereas for the meniscus the RNeasy Lipid kit is advised. Cite this article: M. Peeters, C. L. Huang, L. A. Vonk, Z. F. Lu, R. A. Bank, M. N. Helder, B. Zandieh Doulabi. Optimisation of high-quality total ribonucleic acid isolation from cartilaginous tissues for real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:560–568. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.511.BJR-2016-0033.R3.
Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow
Authors: Vaquero-Picado Alfonso , Barco Raul , Antuña Samuel A. 
Published: November 2016

Lateral epicondylitis, also known as ‘tennis elbow’, is a very common condition affecting mainly middle-aged patients. The pathogenesis remains unknown but there appears to be a combination of local tendon pathology, alteration in pain perception and motor impairment. The diagnosis is usually clinical but some patients may benefit from additional imaging for a specific differential diagnosis. The disease has a self-limiting course of between 12 and 18 months, but in some patients, symptoms can be persistent and refractory to treatment. Most patients are well-managed with non-operative treatment and activity modification. Many surgical techniques have been proposed for patients with refractory symptoms. New non-operative treatment alternatives with promising results have been developed in recent years. Cite this article: Vaquero-Picado A, Barco R, Antuña SA. Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:391-397. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000049.
Changes in electrical activity of heart during ischemic–reperfusion injury modified by the administration of antidepressants
Authors: Vicen M. , Gulač P. , Stankovičová T. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The aim of our work was to investigate the effect of amitriptyline, citalopram and venlafaxine on the heart during ischemic- reperfusion (l-R) injury. Amitriptyline prolonged both QRS complex and QTc interval duration; citalopram and venlafaxine prolonged only QTc interval duration. Amitriptyline worked most proarrhythmogenic, citalopram least; venlafaxine increased the heart rate during ischemia; however, prolonged QTc interval at the beginning of reperfusion was followed by serious dysrhythmias.
Effect of Chronic Social Stress on Endothelial Function of the Mesenteric Artery of Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Kaprinay B. , Bernatova I. , Sotnikova R. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The aim of the work was to study the effect of chronic social stress induced by increased population density, “crowding stress” on blood pressure and endothelial function of arteries of male normotensive Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Based on the results, we assume that social stress-induced reduction in endothelium-dependent relaxation and increased blood pressure of SHR rats is most likely associated with decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide.
Anti-Platelet Fraction Isolated from Galega Officinalis
Authors: Atanasov A. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
A fraction from crude extract of Galega officinalis has been purified by column chromatography on Sephadex G-25, Sepharose 4B, DEAE-Cellulose and Sephadex G-100. The final purification factor of the fraction is 120. The peak in elution profile after Sephadex G-150 shows a molecular weight of 100-140 kDa. The isolated fraction appears to have 74% polysaccharides and 23% of proteins. No loss of activity of the final fraction is observed after storage for several months at 4°C and in lyophilized condition. The fraction compounds inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen and thrombin.
The Effect of the Antioxidant Drug U-74389G on Albumin Levels during Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats
Authors: Τsompos C. , Panoulis C. , Τοutouzas K. , Triantafyllou A. , Ζografos G. , Papalois A. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
This experimental study examined the effect of the antioxidant drug U-74389G on a rat model and particularly in a liver ischemia - reperfusion protocol. The effects of that molecule were studied biochemically using blood mean albumin levels. 40 rats of mean weight 231.875 g were used in the study. Albumin levels were measured at 60th min of reperfusion (groups A and C) and at 120th min of reperfusion (groups B and D). The drug U-74389G was administered only in groups C and D. U-74389G administration significantly decreased the predicted albumin levels by 3.63% ± 0.87% (p = 0.0001). Reperfusion time non-significantly increased the predicted albumin levels by 0.72% ± 1.04% (p = 0.4103). However, U-74389G administration and reperfusion time together significantly decreased the predicted albumin levels by 2.02% ± 0.54% (p = 0.0005). U-74389G administration whether it interacted or not with reperfusion time has significant decreasing short - term effects on albumin levels. It seems that the antioxidant capacity is associated with albumin catabolism.
Caustic Injury In Adults – A Study For 3 Year Period
Authors: Radenkova-Saeva J. , Loukova A. , Tsekov Ch. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The aim of the study is to present the results of a 3-year clinico-epidemiological investigation of caustic injury in adults. The study includes 43 patients with acute corrosive ingestion, hospitalized in the Toxicology Clinic, University Hospital “N. I. Pirogov”, Sofia, Bulgaria, for the period 01.01. 2010-31.12.2012. The methods used include: clinical observation and examination, clinical laboratory, imaging, and psychiatric methods and tests. 43 patients between the ages of 22 and 82 with acute corrosive ingestions have been observed. Eleven were male (25.6%) and 32 female (74.4%). All ingestions were intentional. Alkaline agents were used by all of the patients. The severity of poisonings varied from moderate to extremely severe. Different complications were seen in 82% of the cases - severe bleeding, perforation, fistula or/and stricture formation. Two of the patients have undergone surgical intervention - coloesophagoplastic - and have recovered completely. The motivation in different age groups was also studied. Psychiatric comorbidity occurred in patients as depressive and schizoaffective disorder, as well as existential crises. Acute corrosive ingestions by alkaline agents cause severe pathology. The severity and complex character of the injuries require good coordination between different medical specialists.
Apical Microleakage of four Materials after Root End Resection (In Vitro Study)
Authors: Radeva E. , Usunov T. , Ivanov I. , Genchev G. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryHermetic sealing of the apical area after root end resection is essential to the success of endodontic surgery. To compare microleakage after root end resection of the two bioceramic sealers without retrograde filling - Total Fill BC Sealer and MTA Fillapex, and two materials for retrograde filling-MTA and Biodentine, using the method of penetration of dye - 2% methylene blue. Forty eight extracted single-rooted human teeth were used in this study. The resection was made at 3 mm from the root tip at an angle of 90 degree to the long axis of the tooth. The teeth were divided into 4 groups: 1st group (n = 9) - root canal obturation with Total Fill BC Sealer without retrograde filling; 2nd group (n = 8) - root canal obturation with MTA Fillapex without retrograde filling. 3rd group (n = 10) - retrograde ultrasonic cavity preparation and filling with MTA. 4th group (n = 8) - retrograde ultrasonic cavity preparation and filling with Biodentine. The outer surface of the root was covered with two layers of varnish, with the exception of the apical 3 mm and then immersed in 2% methylene blue for 72 h. The degree of penetration of the dye is measured in millimeters. The data was entered and processed with the statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0. We reject the null hypothesis when p < 0.05. With significantly higher value is the arithmetic mean of the group with the root canal obturation with Total Fill BC Sealer without retrograde filling - 2,01 mm; versus a retrograde filling with MTA - 0,68 mm and Biodentin - 0,51 mm; and no statistically significant difference with the group root canal obturation with MTA Fillapex - 1,76 mm. In the four material microleakage dye was observed, but to varying degrees.
Construction of a common element for the set of solutions of fixed point problems and generalized equilibrium problems in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Khan Muhammad Aqeel Ahmad 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and analyse an iterative algorithm for the approximation of a common solution for a finite family of k-strict pseudocontractions and two finite families of generalized equilibrium problems in the setting of Hilbert spaces. Strong convergence results of the proposed iterative algorithm together with some applications to solve the variational inequality problems are established in such setting. Our results generalize and improve various existing results in the current literature.
Decolorization Kinetics of Acid Azo Dye and Basic Thiazine Dye in Aqueous Solution by UV/H2O2 and UV/Fenton: Effects of Operational Parameters
Authors: Baffoun Ayda , El Ghali Amel , Hachani Imen 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The photochemical decolorization of two dyes, namely Acid Yellow 54 and Basic Blue 9, was studied using the UV/H2O2 and UV/Fenton processes. The effects of the amount of H2O2 and FeSO4 as well as the initial pH solution on decolorization kinetics of both the dyes were investigated. The pseudo-first order kinetic model was applied to predict the decolorization of the selected dyes at the different operational conditions and results showed that this model fitted very well with the experimental data. The obtained results also showed the efficiency of UV/Fenton process to quickly degrade aqueous effluents polluted by Acid Yellow 54 and Basic Blue 9 compared to the UV/H2O2 process.
Ephemeral wetland communities of Isoëto-Nano-Juncetea class – new data from south-eastern Poland
Authors: Krawczyk Rafał , Cwener Anna , Michalczuk Wiaczesław , Zubel Robert 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Vegetation data (70 relevés) of ephemeral wetlands collected in both permanent and temporal water basins were analyzed. Numerical classification of the data revealed two distinct subsets, the first comprised communities of Eleocharition ovatae Philippi 1968 alliance, the second combined communities dominated by Alisma lanceolatum, Isolepis supina or Elatine alsinastrum (Alisma lanceolatum group). Phytocoenoses of Eleocharition ovatae were widely distributed in the study area and developed, most frequently, on exposed bottoms of fishponds. This group could be divided into four types of communities. Patches representing Alisma lanceolatum group were found only in mid-field depressions periodically filled with water and concentrated in Volhynian Upland. In this group, two lower vegetation units were distinguished.
Proline, Soluble Sugar, Leaf Starch and Relative Water Contents of Four Maize Varieties in Response to Different Watering Regimes
Authors: Anjorin F.B. , Adejumo S.A. , Agboola L. , Samuel Y.D. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of four maize varieties to different simulated watering regimes in term of proline, starch and soluble sugar contents as well as relative water content. Maize seeds were planted in 64 plastic pots of 20 litre capacity, arranged in a factorial fitted in completely randomized design (CRD), with four replications in the screen house of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (I.A.R&T), Moor Plantation Ibadan. The watering was done based on the designated field capacities (FC) of 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Fresh leaf samples were collected five weeks after planting and at the end of each stress period. The proline, soluble sugar, leaf starch and the relative water contents in the leaves were estimated. The results obtained showed that watering regime significantly influenced the leaf starch, soluble sugar, proline and relative water contents. The varieties also differ significantly in the proline, soluble sugar content, leaf starch and the relative water contents. Watering regime and variety interaction was significant for soluble sugar, starch, proline and the relative water content. Highest soluble sugar of 1.28 mg/g and proline of 35.70 μmol/g FW were obtained when FC was 25% and lowest when watering level was optimum. The starch and relative water contents were optimum under full watering (100% FC) and lowest when field capacity was 25%. Variations were observed with regards to different maize varieties. ART98SW6-OB accumulated the highest quantity of soluble sugar and proline under 25 and 50% field capacities alongside DTESYN, which is a drought tolerant maize variety. It could be concluded that water stress increased production of soluble sugar and proline, while water availability increases relative water content and favors starch accumulation. The consideration of these metabolites alongside other physiological features is a very fast and reliable method for drought tolerant plant selection even at the plant seedling growth stage.
Strategies to overcome misdiagnosis of type 1 myocardial infarction using high sensitive cardiac troponin assays
Authors: von Jeinsen Beatrice , Keller Till 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
High sensitive cardiac troponin assays have become the gold standard in the diagnosis of an acute type 1 myocardial infarction (MI) in the absence of ST-segment elevation. Several acute or chronic conditions that impact cardiac troponin levels in the absence of a MI might lead to a misdiagnosis of MI. For example, patients with impaired renal function as well as elderly patients often present with chronically increased cardiac troponin levels. Therefore, the diagnosis of MI type 1 based on the 99th percentile upper limit of normal threshold is more difficult in these patients. Different diagnostic approaches might help to overcome this limitation of reduced MI specificity of sensitive troponin assays. First, serial troponin measurement helps to differentiate chronic from acute troponin elevations. Second, specific diagnostic cut-offs, optimized for a particular patient group, like elderly patients, are able to regain specificity. Such an individualized use and interpretation of sensitive cardiac troponin measurements improves diagnostic accuracy and reduces the amount of misdiagnosed MI type 1.
The role of MRI and CT for diagnosis and work-up in suspected ACS
Authors: André Florian , Buss Sebastian J. , Friedrich Matthias G. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article describes the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and cardiac computed tomography (CCT) in the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Recent studies on the principles, diagnostic targets, clinical utility, accuracy, prognostic relevance and implications for clinical decision-making are discussed and current state-of-the-art and novel approaches are presented. The authors recognize that in ACS, time is of the essence and therefore put a special emphasis on the feasibility of tomographic cardiac imaging in realistic clinical settings.
Über Gewissen und Gewissheit
Authors: Emundts Dina 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper suggests an understanding of the concept of “Gewissen” (conscience) according to which Gewissen is best understood as a receptivity to moral principles that corresponds to certain moral feelings. In the first part of the paper this suggestion is spelled out and alternatives to it are discussed. As is shown in the second part, this suggestion goes back to the thought of Immanuel Kant, but it can be developed even if one does not follow Kant in his understanding of the categorical imperative as an a priori principle. However, if one does not follow Kant with respect to the status of the categorical imperative, there are some interesting consequences for our understanding of conscience and especially for our understanding of its relation to knowledge and certainty. These consequences are discussed in the third part of this paper.
Brief aus der Türkei
Authors: Rehberg Andrea 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This letter reports on the current state of philosophy in Turkey, describing in detail the academic landscape with its specificities and the principal traditions and fields of interest within the university faculty and amongst students. Furthermore, it gives an overview of the specific importance of political philosophy for Turkey, elaborating on how the Enlightenment, hierarchisation, polarisation and cultural conflict shape the country’s intellectual discussions and political practice. The letter closes with a short summary of problems plaguing the Turkish educational sector and contains some practical counsel to foreign philosophers wanting to work in Turkey or with Turkish philosophy students.
Kommunikative Vernunft
Authors: Habermas Jürgen , Demmerling Christoph , Krüger Hans-Peter 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Jürgen Habermas explicates the concept of communicative reason. He explains the key assumptions of the philosophy of language and social theory associated with this concept. Also discussed is the category of life-world and the role of the body-mind difference for the consciousness of exclusivity in our access to subjective experience. as well as the role of emotions and perceptions in the context of a theory of communicative action. The question of the redemption of the various validity claims as they are associated with the performance of speech acts is related to processes of social learning and to the role of negative experiences. Finally the interview deals with the relationship between religion and reason and the importance of religion in modern, post-secular societies. Questions about the philosophical culture of our present times are discussed at the end of the conversation.
Calibration Method for IATS and Application in Multi-Target Monitoring Using Coded Targets
Authors: Zhou Yueyin , Wagner Andreas , Wunderlich Thomas , Wasmeier Peter 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The technique of Image Assisted Total Stations (IATS) has been studied for over ten years and is composed of two major parts: one is the calibration procedure which combines the relationship between the camera system and the theodolite system; the other is the automatic target detection on the image by various methods of photogrammetry or computer vision. Several calibration methods have been developed, mostly using prototypes with an add-on camera rigidly mounted on the total station. However, these prototypes are not commercially available. This paper proposes a calibration method based on Leica MS50 which has two built-in cameras each with a resolution of 2560 × 1920 px: an overview camera and a telescope (on-axis) camera. Our work in this paper is based on the on-axis camera which uses the 30-times magnification of the telescope. The calibration consists of 7 parameters to estimate. We use coded targets, which are common tools in photogrammetry for orientation, to detect different targets in IATS images instead of prisms and traditional ATR functions. We test and verify the efficiency and stability of this monitoring method with multi-target.
A Case Study on the Role of the Finnish Defence Forces in the Transport Sector
Authors: Juntunen Jouni , Juntunen Mari , Autere Vesa 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study the significance of buyers for the transport sector, and in this particular case, the role of the Finnish Defence Forces. The theoretical model is tested with survey data (N = 460) collected from Finnish transport operators that do business with the Finnish Defence Forces. The data is analysed using structural equation modelling. Analyses reveal that the military forces are an important actor in the transport sector in Finland. Firstly, the military forces buy a lot of logistics services and secondly, the military forces train a significant amount of what are considered skilful truck drivers. Furthermore, seeing as there are some elements of economic protectionism in the military forces’ buying behaviour, the military forces are an excellent context in which to study loyalty and partnership in business relationships. The military forces can, for instance, improve operator satisfaction with the transport sector and help domestic hauliers compete against cabotage operations, and in doing so, also improve the military forces’ capability to maintain security of supply.
The Hidden Grand Narrative of Western Military Policy: A Linguistic Analysis of American Strategic Communication
Authors: Jantunen Saara , Huhtinen Aki-Mauri 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Strategic communication has replaced information warfare. As Art of War has been replaced by science, the representations of war and the role of the military have changed. Both war and military forces are now associated with binary roles: destruction vs. humanity, killing vs. liberating. The logic behind ‘bombing for peace’ is encoded in the Grand Military Narrative. This narrative is hidden in American (and NATO) strategies such as Effects Based Operations, which rely heavily on technology. As people aim to rationalize the world with technology, they fail to take into account the uncertainty it brings. In warfare, that uncertainty is verbalized as “friendly fire”, “collateral damage” or simply as “accident”. Success and failure are up to technology. Technology is no longer a tool, but an ideology and an actor that not only ‘enables’ the military to take action, but legitimizes it.
This article aims to contribute to military studies by analyzing, in the spirit of critical discourse analysis, American ‘Grand Military Narrative’ and he standard and trends of rhetoric it creates. The article focuses on pinpointing some of the linguistic choices and discourses that define the so-called ‘techno-speak’, the product of modern techno-ideology. These discourses result in representations of techno-centered binary values, which steer military strategy and foreign policy.