bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking, cessation, and cessation counseling in patients with cancer: A population‐based analysis
Authors: Ramaswamy Apoorva T. , Toll Benjamin A. , Chagpar Anees B. , Judson Benjamin L. 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDSmoking is known to be carcinogenic and an important factor in the outcome of cancer treatment. However, to the authors' knowledge, smoking habits and smoking cessation counseling in patients with cancer have been poorly studied. The authors sought to analyze smoking habits among Americans diagnosed with cancer in a nationally representative dataset.METHODSThe cancer supplement of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) in 2010 was used to obtain information regarding self‐reported smoking behavior in a representative sample of the US population. Cancer history, smoking history, quitting behavior, cessation counseling, cessation approaches, and sociodemographic variables were analyzed.RESULTSA total of 27,157 individuals were interviewed for the NHIS in 2010, representing 216,052,891 individuals, 7,058,135 of whom had ever smoked and 13,188,875 of whom had been told that they had cancer. Approximately 51.7% of individuals diagnosed with cancer and who were active smokers reported being counseled to quit smoking by a health professional within the previous 12 months. Cancer survivors were no more likely to quit smoking than individuals in the general population. Those diagnosed with a tobacco‐related cancer were found to be no more likely to report quitting smoking than those with other types of cancers. Rates of quitting did not appear to vary based on the type of smoking cessation method used (P = .50).CONCLUSIONSPatients with cancer, including those diagnosed with a tobacco‐related cancer, do not appear to be more likely to quit smoking than the general population. Only approximately one‐half of patients with cancer who smoke are counseled to quit. Smoking cessation in patients with cancer is an important area for intervention and investigation. Cancer 2016;122:1247–53. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Baseline glucocorticoids are drivers of body mass gain in a diving seabird
Authors: Hennin Holly L. , Wells‐Berlin Alicia M. , Love Oliver P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLife‐history trade‐offs are influenced by variation in individual state, with individuals in better condition often completing life‐history stages with greater success. Although resource accrual significantly impacts key life‐history decisions such as the timing of reproduction, little is known about the underlying mechanisms driving resource accumulation. Baseline corticosterone (CORT, the primary avian glucocorticoid) mediates daily and seasonal energetics, responds to changes in food availability, and has been linked to foraging behavior, making it a strong potential driver of individual variation in resource accrual and deposition. Working with a captive colony of white‐winged scoters (Melanitta fusca deglandi), we aimed to causally determine whether variation in baseline CORT drives individual body mass gains mediated through fattening rate (plasma triglycerides corrected for body mass). We implanted individuals with each of three treatment pellets to elevate CORT within a baseline range in a randomized order: control, low dose of CORT, high dose of CORT, then blood sampled and recorded body mass over a two‐week period to track changes in baseline CORT, body mass, and fattening rates. The high CORT treatment significantly elevated levels of plasma hormone for a short period of time within the biologically relevant, baseline range for this species, but importantly did not inhibit the function of the HPA (hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal) axis. Furthermore, an elevation in baseline CORT resulted in a consistent increase in body mass throughout the trial period compared to controls. This is some of the first empirical evidence demonstrating that elevations of baseline CORT within a biologically relevant range have a causal, direct, and positive influence on changes in body mass.
A Study of Route Assignment Strategy Based on Anticipatory Stigmergy
Authors: KANAMORI RYO , TAKAHASHI JUN , ITO TAKAYUKI 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYIn this paper, we evaluate how to provide or control traffic information based on anticipatory stigmergy. Managing traffic congestion is one of the main issues for smart cities, and many efforts have been made to address it from the perspective of IT and transportation research. Recently, dynamic coordination methods have been made possible by using shorter term traffic information that can be gathered by probe vehicles or smartphones. Some attempts have been made to handle short‐term traffic information in which a stigmergy‐based approach is employed as an indirect communication method for cooperation among distributed agents and for managing traffic congestion. One drawback of these approaches is that handling near‐future congestion remains difficult because stigmergies basically represent past information. Therefore, we propose anticipatory stigmergy for sharing information about the near future and adequate driver allocation. All vehicles submit their near‐future intentions as anticipatory stigmergy in order to search for routes. Preliminary results demonstrate that anticipatory stigmergy with an assignment strategy functions well.
Charge‐Transfer Salts Based on a Dissymmetrical Cyano‐Substituted Tetrathiafulvalene Donor
Authors: Oliveira Sandrina , Santos Isabel C. , Lopes Elsa B. , Coutinho Joana T. , Pereira Laura C. J. , Belo Dulce , Rabaça Sandra , Almeida Manuel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThree salts of the dissymmetrical TTF derivative cyanobenzene‐ethylenedithio‐tetrathiafulvalene (CNB‐EDT‐TTF) with different anions, namely, (CNB‐EDT‐TTF)2[M(mnt)2] [M = Ni (1), Au (2); mnt = maleonitriledithiolate] and (CNB‐EDT‐TTF)FeBr4 (3) were prepared and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical conductivity measurements. Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural with a crystal structure characterized by segregated chains of side‐by‐side donor dimers and acceptors, and compound 3 presents donors in dimerized stacks. In spite of the different structural types and stoichiometries, all of these compounds have C–N···H pairing interactions associated with R22(10) synthons between donors in nearby chains. All compounds are poor semiconductors, and the magnetic susceptibility of 1 is dominated by the contribution of the paramagnetic [Ni(mnt)2] anions with small antiferromagnetic interactions. The magnetic susceptibility of 3 is dominated by the paramagnetic FeBr4 anions and follows a Curie–Weiss law with a Weiss temperature θ = –19 K, which denotes significant antiferromagnetic interactions that are most likely mediated by the donors.
α‐Phosphonovinyl Arylsulfonates: An Attractive Partner for the Synthesis of α‐Substituted Vinylphosphonates through Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Reactions
Authors: Fang Yewen , Zhang Li , Jin Xiaoping , Li Jinjian , Yuan Meijuan , Li Ruifeng , Wang Tong , Wang Tao , Hu Hanjun , Gu Juejun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that a variety of α‐phosphonovinyl arylsulfonates with electron‐neutral, ‐donating, and ‐withdrawing groups on the phenyl ring could be conveniently and efficiently prepared. In the presence of a Pd(OAc)2/SPhos‐based catalyst, various organoboron compounds could be employed as the nucleophilic coupling partners, such as organoboronic acids, boronate esters, and organotrifluoroborates. The newly developed O‐centered electrophiles could couple with a multitude of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkylboron reagents, to give α‐substituted vinylphosphonates in moderate to excellent yields. Generally, the Suzuki reaction is tolerant of extensive substitution at the aromatic ring of both electrophilic and nucleophilic coupling partners. As in the case of the Suzuki reaction of 8‐quinolineboronic acid, proper choice of α‐phosphonovinyl arylsulfonates is critical to efficient coupling. Moreover, the prospect for application of this method to complex synthesis has been demonstrated through the coupling of estrone‐derived arylborons. The present protocol also features mild conditions and high efficiency.
Amygdala responses to quetiapine XR and citalopram treatment in major depression: the role of 5‐HTTLPR‐S/Lg polymorphisms
Authors: Ramasubbu Rajamannar , Burgess Ashley , Gaxiola‐Valdez Ismael , Cortese Filomeno , Clark Darren , Kemp Anne , Goodyear Bradley , Macqueen Glenda , Bech‐Hansen N. Torben , Foster Jane , Diwadkar Vaibhav A. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesGenotype and drug pharmacology may contribute to variations in brain response to antidepressants. We examined the impact of two antidepressants with differential actions on serotonin transporter and the 5‐HHTLPR‐S/Lg polymorphisms on amygdala responses in major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsCaucasians with MDD were given either citalopram or quetiapine extended release for 8 weeks. Patients were genotyped for 5‐HTTLPR. Clinical efficacy was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. fMRI responses to negative emotional faces were acquired at baseline, week 1 and week 8. The outcome measure was change in amygdala responses at week 8.ResultsCitalopram had no effect on amygdala responses in MDD patients with S/Lg alleles at weeks 1 and 8 compared with baseline, whereas it induced changes in amygdala responses in LL homozygotes. By contrast, quetiapine decreased amygdala responses at both time points in S/Lg carriers, and changes in amygdala responses at week 8 correlated with a reduction in depression scores. The small number of LL homozygotes in quetiapine group was a limitation. Efficacy of both treatments was comparable.ConclusionsThese preliminary data suggest that pharmacological mechanisms and genetics need to be considered in the development of neuroimaging markers for the evaluation of antidepressant treatments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrological response of an afforested catchment in a Mediterranean humid mountain area: a comparative study with a natural forest
Authors: Nadal‐Romero Estela , Cammeraat Erik , Serrano‐Muela María Pilar , Lana‐Renault Noemí , Regüés David 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe effects of afforestation on water resources are still controversial. The aim of this paper is to (i) analyse the hydrological response of an afforested area in the Central Pyrenees and (ii) compare the hydrological response of an afforested area with the response observed in a natural undisturbed forest. The Araguás catchment was cultivated until the 1950s, and then afforested with pines in an effort to control the active degradation processes. The hydrological response was variable and complex, because the discharge was generated by a combination of distinct runoff processes. The hydrological response showed that (i) afforestation produced moderate peak discharges, stormflows and recession limbs, and long rising limbs; (ii) no one single variable was able to explain the hydrological response: rainfall volume and intensity did not explain the hydrological response and antecedent rainfall and initial discharge (indicating antecedent moisture conditions) did play an important role; (iii) seasonal differences were observed suggesting different runoff generating processes; and (iv) the effect of forest cover on peak discharges became less important as the size of the hydrological event increased. The stormflow coefficient showed a clear seasonal pattern with an alternation between a wet period, when the catchment was hydrologically responsive, and a dry summer period when the catchment rarely responded to any event, and two transitional periods (wetting and drying). Compared with a natural forest, the afforested area recorded greater flows and peak discharges, faster response times and shorter recession limbs. Afforestation reduces the water yield and the number of floods compared with non‐vegetated areas and abandoned lands. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fecal Calprotectin: Diagnostic Accuracy of the Immunochromatographic CalFast Assay in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Radillo Oriano , Pascolo Lorella , Martelossi Stefano , Dal Bo Sara , Ventura Alessandro 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundFecal calprotectin is a noninvasive marker for bowel diseases and it is high valuable to follow disease activity in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of the recently introduced immunochromatographic assay CalFast in comparison to the well‐known ELISA tests for calprotectin assay to obtain a rapid diagnosis of bowel inflammation in pediatric patients.MethodsCalFast was tested in parallel to the classic ELISA tests CalPrest and PhiCal (gold standards for the calprotectin determination) on 148 fecal samples from pediatric subjects including 104 healthy subjects, 29 with CD, and 15 with UC.ResultsIn this study, the sensitivity and specificity of CalFast, CalPrest, and PhiCal were 86.4%, 88.6%, and 93.2% and 86.6%, 74%, and 64.4%, respectively. The area under the curve, obtained from receiver operating characteristic analysis, indicated the lack of significant difference among all the kits used.ConclusionThe immunochromatographic assay demonstrated good diagnostic predictive values, comparable to those of the ELISA methods, and may represent a valid alternative in order to save operators' time. The test, in fact, has a short turnaround time and does not need a specific ELISA instrumentation.
Gamma scintigraphy and biodistribution of 99mTc‐cefotaxime sodium in preclinical models of bacterial infection and sterile inflammation
Authors: Ilem‐Ozdemir Derya , Asikoglu Makbule , Ozkilic Hayal , Yilmaz Ferda , Hosgor‐Limoncu Mine , Ayhan Semin 
Published: February 2016

99mTc‐cefotaxime sodium (99mTc‐CEF) was developed and standardized under varying conditions of reducing and antioxidant agent concentration, pH, radioactivity dose, and reducing agent type. Labeling studies were performed by changing the selected parameters one by one, and optimum labeling conditions were determined. After observing the conditions for maximum labeling efficiency and stability, lyophilized freeze dry kits were prepared accordingly.Simple method for radiolabeling of CEF with 99mTc has been developed and standardized. Labeling efficiency of 99mTc‐CEF was assessed by both radio thin‐layer chromatography and radio high‐performance liquid chromatography and found higher than 90%. The labeled compound was found to be stable in saline and human serum up to 24 h. Two different freeze dry kits were developed and evaluated. Based on the data obtained from this study, both products were stable for 6 months with high labeling efficiency. The prepared cold kit was found sterile and pyrogen free. The bacterial infection and sterile inflammation imaging capacity of 99mTc‐CEF was evaluated. Based on the in vivo studies, 99mTc‐CEF has higher uptake in infected and inflamed thigh muscle than healthy thigh muscle.
Does the morphology of the ear of theChinese bamboo rat (Rhizomys sinensis) show “Subterranean” characteristics?
Authors: Pleštilová Lucie , Hrouzková Ema , Burda Hynek , Šumbera Radim 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn spite of the growing interest in rodents with subterranean activity in general and the spalacids (Spalacidae) in particular, little is known about the biology of most members of this clade, such as the Chinese bamboo rat (Rhizomys sinensis). Here, we analyzed the ear morphology ofR. sinensiswith respect to hearing specialization for subterranean or aboveground modes of communication. It is well‐known that ecology and style of life of a particular species can be reflected in morphology of its ear, its hearing and vocalization, so we expect that such information could provide us insight into its style of life and its sensory environment. The ratio between the eardrum and stapedial footplate areas, which influences the efficiency of middle ear sound transmission, suggests low hearing sensitivity, as is typical for subterranean species. The cochlea had 3.25 coils and resembled species with good low frequency hearing typical for subterranean mammals. The length of the basilar membrane was 18.9 ± 0.8 mm and its width slowly increased towards the cochlear apex from 60 to 85 μm. The mean density of outer hair cells was 344 ± 22 and of inner hair cells 114 ± 7.3 per 1 mm length of the organ of Corti, and increased apically. These values (except for relatively low hair cell density) usually characterize ears specialized for low frequency hearing. There was no evidence for an acoustic fovea. Apart of low hair cell density which is common in aboveground animals, this species has also relatively large auricles, suggesting the importance of sound localization during surface activity. The ear of the Chinese bamboo rat thus contains features typical for both aboveground and subterranean mammals and suggests that this spalacid has fossorial habits combined with regular aboveground activity. J. Morphol. 277:575–584, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted imaging analysis of diffusion and microperfusion in grading gliomas and comparison with arterial spin labeling for evaluation of tumor perfusion
Authors: Shen Nanxi , Zhao Lingyun , Jiang Jingjing , Jiang Rifeng , Su Changliang , Zhang Shun , Tang Xiangyu , Zhu Wenzhen 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo determine the utility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging in grading gliomas and compare IVIM perfusion metrics with arterial spin labeling (ASL)‐derived cerebral blood flow (CBF).Materials and MethodsFifty‐two patients with pathologically confirmed gliomas underwent IVIM and ASL imaging at 3.0T. IVIM perfusion‐related diffusivity (D*), perfusion fraction (f), product of f and D*(f×D*), true diffusivity (D), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were obtained to distinguish glioma grades. The CBF derived from pseudocontinuous ASL within the solid tumor was compared and correlated with IVIM perfusion metrics for grading of gliomas. Values were also normalized to the contralateral normal‐appearing white matter. Receiver‐operating characteristic was performed to determine diagnostic efficiency. The reliability was estimated with intraclass coefficient, coefficient of variance, and Bland–Altman plots.ResultsIVIM perfusion metrics and CBF were significantly higher in the high‐grade than the low‐grade gliomas (P < 0.001), ADC and D were significantly lower in the high‐grade than the low‐grade gliomas (P < 0.001). f×D* differed significantly between grades II through IV (P < 0.05 for all). The other metrics showed significant difference between grade II and grade III (P < 0.05 for all). Area under the curve (AUC) was largest for f×D* in distinguishing high‐grade from low‐grade gliomas (AUC = 0.979, P < 0.001) and between grade II and grade III (AUC = 0.957, P < 0.001). f×D* improved diagnostic performance of CBF in grading gliomas and showed strong correlation with CBF (r = 0.696, P < 0.001).ConclusionIVIM‐derived metrics are promising biomarkers in preoperative grading gliomas. IVIM imaging may be an additive method to ASL and ADC for evaluating tumor perfusion and diffusion. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:620–632.
Parkinson's disease‐related fatigue: A case definition and recommendations for clinical research
Authors: Kluger Benzi M. , Herlofson Karen , Chou Kelvin L. , Lou Jau‐Shin , Goetz Christopher G. , Lang Anthony E. , Weintraub Daniel , Friedman Joseph 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTFatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Since fatigue was first described as a common feature of PD 20 years ago, little progress has been made in understanding its causes or treatment. Importantly, PD patients attending the 2013 World Parkinson Congress voted fatigue as the leading symptom in need of further research. In response, the Parkinson Disease Foundation and ProjectSpark assembled an international team of experts to create recommendations for clinical research to advance this field. The working group identified several areas in which shared standards would improve research quality and foster progress including terminology, diagnostic criteria, and measurement. Terminology needs to (1) clearly distinguish fatigue from related phenomena (eg, sleepiness, apathy, depression); (2) differentiate subjective fatigue complaints from objective performance fatigability; and (3) specify domains affected by fatigue and causal factors. We propose diagnostic criteria for PD‐related fatigue to guide participant selection for clinical trials and add rigor to mechanistic studies. Recommendations are made for measurement of subjective fatigue complaints, performance fatigability, and neurophysiologic changes. We also suggest areas in which future research is needed to address methodological issues and validate or optimize current practices. Many limitations in current PD‐related fatigue research may be addressed by improving methodological standards, many of which are already being successfully applied in clinical fatigue research in other medical conditions (eg, cancer, multiple sclerosis). © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
On the stability of fissured slopes subject to seismic action
Authors: Utili S. , Abd A.H. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryA set of analytical solutions achieved by the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and the pseudo‐static approach is presented for the assessment of the stability of homogeneous c, ϕ slopes manifesting vertical cracks and subject to seismic action. Rotational failure mechanisms are considered for slopes with cracks of either known or unknown depth and location. A validation exercise was carried out based on numerical limit analyses and displacement‐based finite‐element analyses with strength reduction technique.Charts providing the stability factor for fissured slopes subject to both horizontal and vertical accelerations for any combination of c, ϕ and slope inclination are provided. The effect of the direction of the vertical acceleration on slope stability is specifically analysed. Yield seismic coefficients are also provided.When the presence of cracks within the slope can be ascertained with reasonable confidence, maps showing the zones within the slope where they have no destabilising effect are provided.Finally, Newmark's method was employed to assess the effect of cracks on earthquake induced displacements. To this end, displacement coefficients are provided in chart form as a function of the slope characteristics. Two examples of slopes subjected to known earthquakes are illustrated. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.