bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apgar Score Components at 5 Minutes: Risks and Prediction of Neonatal Mortality
Authors: Cnattingius Sven , Norman Mikael , Granath Fredrik , Petersson Gunnar , Stephansson Olof , Frisell Thomas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Apgar score consists of five components: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and colour. Although the Apgar score has been used for 60 years, the specific contribution of the Apgar score components with respect to risks and prediction of neonatal mortality remains unknown. Likewise, the value of reduced scores (including less than five Apgar score components) has rarely been investigated.MethodsIn a population‐based cohort study of 148 765 liveborn singleton infants in Sweden 2008–2013, we investigated components of Apgar score at 5 min with respect to relative risks and prediction (using ROC curves, sensitivity, and positive predictive values) of neonatal mortality.ResultsReduced values (0–1) of heart rate, respiratory effort, and colour were independently associated with increased relative risks of neonatal mortality. For the full Apgar score, the sensitivity and positive predictive values of neonatal mortality (cut‐off ≤3) were by gestational age: ≤31 weeks: 56.1% and 49.2%; 32–36 weeks: 25.0% and 18.2%; and ≥37 weeks: 35.2% and 9.3%, respectively. When only heart rate and respiratory effort were considered (range 0–4; cut‐off ≤2), corresponding values were 66.7% and 34.9%; 37.5% and 13.0%; and 46.3% and 7.6%, respectively.ConclusionsA reduced Apgar score has generally the same predictability of neonatal mortality as the full Apgar score. The full Apgar score or reduced scores may be better predictors of neonatal mortality in very preterm infants (≤31 weeks) than in infants with longer gestations.
Persistence of native and exotic plants 10 years after prairie reconstruction
Authors: Larson Diane L. , Bright JB , Drobney Pauline , Larson Jennifer L. , Vacek Sara 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrairie reconstructions are a critical component of preservation of the imperiled tallgrass prairie ecosystem in the Midwestern United States. Sustainability of this endeavor depends on establishment of persistent cover of planted native species and resistance to noxious weeds. The goal of this study was to understand the influence of early reconstruction practices on long‐term outcomes. Twelve replicates of three planting methods (dormant‐season broadcast, growing‐season broadcast, and growing‐season drill) and three seed mix richness levels (10, 20, or 34 species), fully crossed in a completely randomized design were planted in 2005 on nine former agricultural fields located in Iowa and Minnesota. Cover by species was estimated in 2005–2007, 2010, and 2015. In 2015, cover of planted species, native nonplanted species, and exotic species were similar to those recorded in 2010. Cover of the noxious weed Cirsium arvense had also declined by an average of 49% without herbicide from a peak in 2007 to low stable levels from 2010 to 2015. Richness of planted forbs, on the other hand, were still increasing in high‐richness broadcast treatments (e.g. 17–59% increase 2010–1015 in Minnesota). Two results in 2015 are reasons for concern: cover of planted species is only slightly over 50% in both Minnesota and Iowa, though with forbs still increasing, this may improve; and the cool‐season exotic grasses Poa pratensis and Bromus inermis are increasing at both Minnesota and Iowa sites. Control of these invasive grasses will be necessary, but care will be needed to avoid negative impacts of control methods on natives.
Endurance training selectively increases high‐density lipoprotein‐bound sphingosine‐1‐phosphate in the plasma
Authors: Książek M. , Charmas M. , Klusiewicz A. , Zabielski P. , Długołęcka B. , Chabowski A. , Baranowski M. 
Published: May 2017

Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lysosphingolipid that is found in relatively high concentration in human plasma. Erythrocytes, endothelial cells, and activated platelets are the main sources of circulating S1P. The majority of plasma S1P is transported bound to high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and albumin. In recent years, HDL‐bound S1P attracted much attention due to its cardioprotective and anti‐atherogenic properties. We have previously found that endurance‐trained athletes are characterized by higher plasma S1P concentration compared to untrained individuals. This finding prompted us to examine the effect of endurance training on S1P metabolism in blood. Thirteen healthy, untrained, male subjects completed an 8‐week training program on a rowing ergometer. Three days before the first, and 3 days after the last training session, blood samples were drawn from an antecubital vein. We found that total plasma S1P concentration was increased after the training. Further analysis of different plasma fractions showed that the training selectively elevated HDL‐bound S1P. This effect was associated with activation of sphingosine kinase in erythrocytes and platelets and enhanced S1P release from red blood cells. We postulate that increase in HDL‐bound S1P level is one of the mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular diseases.
Cover Image, Volume 15, Issue 2
Authors: Azakami D. , Nakahira R. , Kato Y. , Michishita M. , Kobayashi M. , Onozawa E. , Bonkobara M. , Kobayashi M. , Takahashi K. , Watanabe M. , Ishioka K. , Sako T. , Ochiai K. , Omi T. 
Published: May 2017

The cover image, by D. Azakami et al., is based on the Original Article The canine prostate cancer cell line CHP‐1 shows over‐expression of the co‐chaperone small glutamine‐rich tetratricopeptide repeat‐containing protein α, DOI: 10.1111/vco.12199.
image
Utility of an immunocytochemical assay using aqueous humor in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis
Authors: Felten Sandra , Matiasek Kaspar , Gruendl Stefanie , Sangl Laura , Hartmann Katrin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveIn cats suffering from feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) without effusion, antemortem diagnosis is challenging. Uveitis is common in these cats. It was the aim of this study to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of an immunocytochemical assay (ICC) in aqueous humor of cats suspected of havingFIP.Animals studiedThe study included 26 cats with immunohistochemically confirmedFIPand 12 control cats for whichFIPwas suspected due to similar clinical or laboratory changes, but which suffered from other diseases confirmed via histopathology.ProceduresAll aqueous humor samples were collected postmortem by paracentesis.ICCwas carried out as avidin–biotin complex method. Sensitivity, specificity, and the overall accuracy including 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated.ResultsImmunocytochemistry was positive in 16 of 25 cats withFIPand 2 of 11 control cats (one cat with lymphoma, one with pulmonary adenocarcinoma). Aqueous humor samples of one cat withFIPand of one control cat were excluded from statistical analysis. Sensitivity was 64.0% (95%CI: 42.5–82.0); specificity 81.8% (95%CI: 48.2–97.7); and overall accuracy 69.4% (95%CI: 51.9–83.7).ConclusionsAs false‐positive results occurred and specificity is most important in the diagnosis ofFIP, the diagnostic utility ofICCin aqueous humor is limited. Further studies are required to clarify the origin of false‐positiveICCresults.
Topical 1% propranolol cream promotes cutaneous wound healing in spontaneously diabetic mice
Authors: Zheng Zhifang , Liu Yishu , Yang Yu , Tang Jianbing , Cheng Biao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a constant threat to diabetic patients and can lead to amputations and even death. Intralesional administration of propranolol in diabetic wounds has not been reported previously. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of propranolol cream in diabetic wounds. Fifty‐six spontaneously diabetic mice were divided into the propranolol group and the control group. After preparing full‐thickness wounds on the back of the mice, 1% propranolol cream was topically applied to wounds in the experimental group and 0% propranolol cream in controls. The wound sizes were measured and calculated against the original area. The wounds were analyzed up to 21 days after injury. At all evaluation time‐points, the wound size (%) in the propranolol group was significantly smaller than in the controls. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) protein expression increased in the experimental vs. control group. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was significantly lower in the experimental vs. control group whereas NG2 proteoglycan was increased throughout the study. However, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)‐9 expression was at first significantly higher in the experimental vs. control group then the MMP‐9 protein level in the control group increased and surpassed that in the experimental group. In conclusion, intralesional administration of 1% propranolol cream promotes reepithelialization and regulates abnormal angiogenesis in diabetic wounds. Propranolol cream may become a new drug for the treatment of DFUs.
The metabelian birational -adic section conjecture for varieties
Authors: Pop Florian 
Published: May 2017

We generalize the $\mathbb{Z}/p$metabelian birational $p$-adic section conjecture for curves, as introduced and proved in Pop [On the birational$p$-adic section conjecture, Compos. Math. 146 (2010), 621–637], to all complete smooth varieties, provided $p>2$. The condition $p>2$ seems to be of technical nature only, and might be removable.
Experiences of the home-dwelling elderly in the use of telecare in home care services: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Karlsen Cecilie , Ludvigsen Mette S. , Moe Carl E. , Haraldstad Kristin , Thygesen Elin 
Published: May 2017

Review question/objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to identify and synthesize the best evidence on the home-dwelling elderly's experiences with the use of telecare in home care services. Furthermore, the study will identify experiences with telecare devices and examine what beliefs the home-dwelling elderly hold regarding the impact of telecare on the ability to age in place.
Review question 1: How do the home-dwelling elderly experience the use of telecare in the context of home care services?
Review question 2: How do the home-dwelling elderly experience telecare devices?
Review question 3: What beliefs do the home-dwelling elderly hold regarding the impact of telecare on the ability to age in place?
Functional status and physical impairments of adult patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus admitted to hospital: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Roos Ronel , van Aswegen Heleen , Mudzi Witness 
Published: May 2017

Research question/objective:
The objectives of this scoping review are to describe the physical impairments and subsequent level of function of adult individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) admitted to an acute care hospital, determine the outcome measures used by rehabilitation professionals when evaluating said impairments and level of function in the population of interest, and identify the rehabilitation interventions offered to individuals while in hospital as a means of addressing these physical impairments and individuals’ functional status.
Specifically, the research questions are:What are the physical impairments experienced by adult individuals infected with HIV admitted to hospital and their subsequent level of function?Which outcome measures are used by rehabilitation professionals when evaluating physical impairments and level of function of adult individuals infected with HIV when in hospital?What rehabilitation interventions are offered when addressing physical impairments and functional status of adult individuals infected with HIV when in hospital?

The current scoping review will comprehensively identify the physical impairments of people living with HIV when admitted to an acute care hospital and highlight the subsequent influence on their level of function as a means of emphasizing the disability present. Findings regarding the rehabilitation interventions offered could inform clinical practice as a means of mapping which interventions are offered to address the related physical impairments and thus highlight areas for future research.
A Single Negative Result for
van
Quantitative PCR on Enrichment Broth Can Replace Five Rectal Swab Cultures in Screening for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
Authors: Fonville J. M. , van Herk C. M. C. , Das P. H. A. C. , van de Bovenkamp J. H. B. , van Dommelen L. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

The increased incidence of infections by vancomycin-resistant
Enterococcus
(VRE) causes an accumulation of patients who are either colonized with VRE or flagged as potentially colonized with VRE. Since such patients require precautionary isolation upon admission to a hospital, rapid methods to establish VRE colonization status would improve patient care and optimize hospital operation. We evaluated
van
quantitative PCR (qPCR) on one enrichment broth as a VRE-screening approach. We obtained 255 sets of five rectal specimens from 243 patients. The specimens were cultured using an amoxicillin-containing enrichment broth. Subsequently, a chromogenic agar was incubated and suspect colonies were inoculated on a blood agar plate and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF), followed by a vancomycin Etest in cases in which
Enterococcus
spp. were detected. The culturing results were compared with the outcome of
van
qPCR on all enrichment broths of the first rectal swab. The
van
qPCR was positive for 43% of the sample sets (
vanA
,
n
= 5;
vanB
,
n
= 101;
vanA
and
vanB
,
n
= 3). Based on culture data, 20 (7.8%) of the sets were VRE positive in at least one of five samples. The negative predictive value of
van
qPCR on the first enrichment broth was 99.3%. With a cutoff quantification cycle (

C
q

) value of >35 to discriminate negative and positive samples, 87% of the negative patients can be identified within a day after obtaining the sample, compared to 7 days in the culturing approach. VRE screening using qPCR on one enrichment broth can quickly identify non-VRE-colonized patients and therefore decrease costs and limit unnecessary isolation restrictions.
Comparison of the Vitek MS and Bruker Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Systems for Identification of Rhodococcus equi and Dietzia spp
Authors: de Alegría Puig Carlos Ruiz , Pilares Lilian , Marco Francesc , Vila Jordi , Martínez-Martínez Luis , Navas Jesús 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Rhodococcus equi
causes pyogranulomatous pneumonia in domesticated animals and immunocompromised humans.
Dietzia
spp. are environmental bacteria that have rarely been associated with human infections.
R. equi
and
Dietzia
spp. are closely related actinomycetes. Phenotypic discrimination between
R. equi
and
Dietzia
on the basis of their Gram stain morphology and colony appearance is problematic. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a fast, reliable, and cost-effective method for identification of a wide variety of microorganisms. We have evaluated the performance of Bruker Biotyper versus that of Vitek MS for identification of a collection of 154 isolates identified at the source as
R. equi
that includes isolates belonging to the genus
Dietzia
. PCR amplification of the
choE
gene, encoding a cholesterol oxidase, and 16S rRNA sequencing were considered the reference methods for
R. equi
identification. Biotyper identified 131 (85.1%) of the 154 isolates at the species level, and this figure increased to 152 (98.7%) when the species cutoff was reduced from a score of ≥2.000 to ≥1.750. Vitek MS correctly identified at the species level 130 (84.4%) isolates as long as bacteria were extracted with ethanol but only 35 (22.7%) isolates when samples were prepared by direct extraction from colonies. The two systems allowed differentiation between
R. equi
and
Dietzia
spp., but identification of all
Dietzia
sp. isolates at the species level needed sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.
Structural Definition of Duck Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules That Might Explain Efficient Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Immunity to Influenza A Virus
Authors: Wu Yanan , Wang Junya , Fan Shuhua , Chen Rong , Liu Yanjie , Zhang Jianhua , Yuan Hongyu , Liang Ruiying , Zhang Nianzhi , Xia Chun 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA single dominantly expressed allele of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) may be responsible for the duck's high tolerance to highly pathogenic influenza A virus (HP-IAV) compared to the chicken's lower tolerance. In this study, the crystal structures of duck MHC I (Anpl-UAA*01) and duck β2-microglobulin (β2m) with two peptides from the H5N1 strains were determined. Two remarkable features were found to distinguish theAnpl-UAA*01 complex from other known MHC I structures. A disulfide bond formed by Cys95and Cys112and connecting the β5 and β6 sheets at the bottom of peptide binding groove (PBG) inAnpl-UAA*01 complex, which can enhance IAV peptide binding, was identified. Moreover, the interface area between duck MHC I and β2m was found to be larger than in other species. In addition, the two IAV peptides that display distinctive conformations in the PBG, B, and F pockets act as the primary anchor sites. Thirty-one IAV peptides were used to verify the peptide binding motif ofAnpl-UAA*01, and the results confirmed that the peptide binding motif is similar to that of HLA-A*0201. Based on this motif, approximately 600 peptides from the IAV strains were partially verified as the candidate epitope peptides forAnpl-UAA*01, which is a far greater number than those for chicken BF2*2101 and BF2*0401 molecules. Extensive IAV peptide binding should allow for ducks with thisAnpl-UAA*01 haplotype to resist IAV infection.IMPORTANCEDucks are natural reservoirs of influenza A virus (IAV) and are more resistant to the IAV than chickens. Both ducks and chickens express only one dominant MHC I locus providing resistance to the virus. To investigate how MHC I provides IAV resistance, crystal structures of the dominantly expressed duck MHC class I (pAnpl-UAA*01) with two IAV peptides were determined. A disulfide bond was identified in the peptide binding groove that can facilitateAnpl-UAA*01 binding to IAV peptides.Anpl-UAA*01 has a much wider recognition spectrum of IAV epitope peptides than do chickens. The IAV peptides bound byAnpl-UAA*01 display distinctive conformations that can help induce an extensive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. In addition, the interface area between the duck MHC I and β2m is larger than in other species. These results indicate that HP-IAV resistance in ducks is due to extensive CTL responses induced by MHC I.
Prognostic factors for musculoskeletal injury identified through medical screening and training load monitoring in professional football (soccer): a systematic review
Authors: Hughes T , Sergeant JC , Parkes M , Callaghan M 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesTo identify prognostic factors and models for spinal and lower extremity injuries in adult professional/elite football players from medical screening and training load monitoring processes.MethodsThe MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, SPORTDiscus electronic bibliographic databases and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from inception to July 2016. Searches were limited to original research, published in peer reviewed journals of any language. The Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool was used for appraisal and the modified GRADE approach was used for synthesis. Prospective and retrospective cohort study designs of spinal and lower extremity injury incidence were found from populations of adult professional/elite football players, between 16 and 40 years. Non-football or mixed sports were excluded.Results858 manuscripts were identified. Removing duplications left 551 studies, which were screened for eligibility by title and abstract. Of these, 531 studies were not eligible and were excluded. The full text of the remaining 20 studies were obtained; a further 10 studies were excluded. 10 studies were included for appraisal and analysis, for 3344 participants.ConclusionsDue to the paucity and heterogeneity of the literature, and shortcomings in methodology and reporting, the evidence is of very low or low quality and therefore cannot be deemed robust enough to suggest conclusive prognostic factors for all lower limb musculoskeletal injury outcomes identified. No studies were identified that examined spinal injury outcomes or prognostic models.
The heart of the matter: cardiac assessment in professional footballers
Authors: Speers C , Seth A , Patel K , Gillett M , Rakhit D 
Published: May 2017

AimSudden cardiac death is the leading medical cause of death during exercise.1Our objective was to retrospectively analyse the routine cardiac assessment of professional footballers to aid physician management and improve player safety.MethodsFootballers from five professional clubs between March 2012 and October 2014 were included (n=265). All were performed in line with the recommendations of the Football Association Cardiology Committee, incorporating clinical examination, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography and health questionnaire.2Data was retrospectively collected, inspected and analysed using Excel spreadsheets. Findings were classified as ‘normal’ or ‘not normal’, and not normal assessments were further broken down into ‘clear-cut pathology’ (pathology with widely accepted guidance on management) or ‘grey screen’.ResultsFootballers were aged 13 to 37 years, with 69% aged over 18 and 31% under. The majority of the review population was White European (66%). Of the review population 11% had ‘not normal’ assessments, of these assessments 83% were considered grey screens (by Consultant Cardiologist) requiring further investigation or surveillance. Overall clear-cut pathology was identified in 2%.ConclusionsA high proportion of the players (9%) had grey screens. The majority of these were due to ECG or structural abnormalities, which are clinically challenging to differentiate from physiological adaptation of the athletic heart and potentially fatal conditions. The extent to which these findings put the athlete at risk of a life threatening cardiac event is un-?quantified. Team physician’s need to be aware of managing the on-going risk with these patients and ensure suitable ?follow up and assessment on a regular basis to mitigate this.