bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Treatment Therapies for Pediatric Migraine: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Patniyot Irene R. , Gelfand Amy A. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveWe sought to conduct a qualitative systematic review to evaluate the safety and efficacy of available treatments for pediatric patients with migraine or benign primary headache in the emergency department, in an effort to inform future practice.MethodsScopus, Medline, and PubMed databases were searched for randomized controlled trials retrospective reviews, review articles, and case studies discussing migraine or benign primary headache management that were conducted in the emergency room or outpatient acute care setting in pediatric patients (less than 18‐years old). Meeting abstracts and cited references within articles were also evaluated. Multiple variables were recorded, including type of treatment, study design, dosing, primary outcome, and side effects. Therapeutic gain was calculated in studies with a placebo arm. Treatments were subjectively assessed based on methodology and number of trials for a particular therapy.ResultsThirty‐one studies were included in the final analysis. Of these, 17 were randomized controlled trials, 9 were retrospective reviews, and 5 were prospective chart review studies. One pertained to IV fluids, 2 to nonspecific analgesic use, 5 to dopamine receptor antagonists, 2 to valproic acid, 1 to propofol, 1 to magnesium, 1 to bupivicaine, 13 to triptan medications, and 3 to dihydroergotamine (DHE). Treatments considered effective for acute migraine or benign primary headache in the analgesic category include ibuprofen, and to a lesser degree acetaminophen. Ketorolac was not compared to other NSAIDs, but was found to be less effective than prochlorperazine. Of the phenothiazines, prochlorperazine was considered most effective. Of the triptan medications, almotriptan, rizatriptan, zolmitriptan nasal spray, sumatriptan nasal spray, and combination sumatriptan/naproxen are effective agents for acute treatment. Treatments considered probably effective included IV fluids, chlorpromazine, valproate sodium, injectable sumatriptan, and IV DHE. Treatments with oral zolmitriptan showed inconsistent results, while treatments considered ineffective included isolated oral sumatriptan and oral DHE. There is insufficient evidence to comment on propofol, magnesium, and bupivicaine efficacy.ConclusionsOf the available evidence, ibuprofen, prochlorperazine, and certain triptan medications are the most effective and safe agents for acute management of migraine and other benign headache disorders in the pediatric population. Additional studies in this population are needed, and should take into consideration variables such as dosing, co‐administered medications, treatment duration, and length of treatment effect.
Chickens and eggs—how should we interpret environment‐behavior associations?
Authors: Burt S. Alexandra 
Published: January 2016

As usual, the research published in this issue of the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry contains impressive state‐of‐the‐science studies of child and adolescent psychopathology and related issues. Breeman and colleagues, for example, found that children born before 32 weeks gestation or with a very low birth weight (<1,500 g) were not only more frequently diagnosed with Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during childhood, but continued to have an increased risk for attention problems up through early adulthood.
Are Infrared and Microwave Drying Suitable Alternatives for Moisture Determination of Meat Products?
Authors: Marques Ítalo Engers , Lucion Fernanda Bortoluzzi , Bizzi Cezar Augusto , Cichoski Alexandre José , Wagner Roger , de Menezes Cristiano Ragagnin , Barin Juliano Smanioto 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe analytical methods used for routine moisture determination are based on a loss on drying (LOD) approach performed by conventional heating in ovens, but infrared loss on drying (IRLOD) and microwave‐assisted loss on drying (MALOD) drying methods have been used to reduce the analysis time. MALOD speeds up water removal from meat products 64 times in comparison to LOD and provided similar results (agreement between 98 and 101%), but with lower energy consumption (<1 and 31 kWh for MALOD and LOD, respectively) and higher sample throughput (60 samples/h). Infrared thermographies showed temperature of 107.8C in MALOD, which is similar to those used in conventional ovens (105 and 120C). For IRLOD the results were generally lower and its use for meat products should be carefully considered. A fast and accurate analysis of moisture in meat products could be achieved using microwaves, saving time and energy expenditure in agreement to green analytical chemistry.Practical ApplicationsMoisture is a routine analysis performed in every industrial and academic laboratory interested on the study of meat and its products. However, different analytical methods are used for this purpose, and often different results are obtained. Therefore, in this study the performance of three methods based on loss on drying (using conventional, infrared or microwave heating) were evaluated. The results showed lower moisture content by the use of infrared balances for all samples and its use should be carefully evaluated to avoid systematic errors. Contrarily, the results obtained by the use of microwaves were comparable with those of conventional heating, but several advantages were found. The energy consumption was reduced at least 31 times and 15 samples could be processed simultaneously in only 15 min opening the possibility of use of this method to improve routine analysis or as an analytical technique for processing control.
Exploring morphological generality in the Old World monkey postcranium using an ecomorphological framework
Authors: Elton Sarah , Jansson Anna‐Ulla , Meloro Carlo , Louys Julien , Plummer Thomas , Bishop Laura C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNearly all primates are ecologically dependent on trees, but they are nonetheless found in an enormous range of habitats, from highly xeric environments to dense rainforest. Most primates have a relatively ‘generalised’ skeleton, enabling locomotor flexibility and facilitating other crucial functions, such as manual foraging and grooming. This paper explores the associations between habitat, locomotion and morphology in the forelimbs of cercopithecids (Old World monkeys), contextualising their skeletal ecomorphological patterns with those of other mammals, and complementing functional morphological analyses with phylogenetic comparative techniques. The ecomorphological signals present in the generalised primate postcranium, and how an ancestral arboreal ‘bauplan’ might be modified to incorporate terrestriality or exploit distinct arboreal substrates, are investigated. Analysis of ecomorphological variation in guenons indicates that terrestrialChlorocebusspecies retain core elements of a general guenon form, with modifications for terrestriality that vary by species. Adaptation to different modes of arboreality has also occurred inCercopithecus. The considerable morphological similarity in the guenons sampled emphasises the importance of generality in the primate postcranium – much forelimb variation appears to have emerged stochastically, with a smaller number of traits having a strong functional signal. Analysis of a broader sample of cercopithecids and comparison with felids, suids and bovids indicates that although the cercopithecid humerus has functional morphological signals that enable specimens to be assigned with a reasonable degree of certainty to habitat groups, there is considerable overlap in the specimens assigned to each habitat group. This probably reflects ecological dependence on trees, even in predominantly terrestrial species, as well as the multiple functions of the forelimb and, in some cases, wide geographic distributions that promote intraspecific variation. The use of phylogenetic correction reduced the discriminatory power of the models, indicating that, like allometry, phylogeny contains important ecomorphological information, and should not necessarily be factored out of analyses.
Pre‐soaking of the feed pellets: a trick for successful feed utilization in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Kanghae H. , Thongprajukaew K. , Phromkunthong W. , Plangsri S. , Jatupornpitukchat S. , Kittiwattanawong K. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryPre‐soaking of the feed pellets in water can improve feed utilization in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758), but the pre‐soaking has not previously been optimized. This study aimed to optimize the water amount used for pre‐soaking the pellets. The experiments followed a completely randomized design with three replications of each dietary treatment group. Initially 10‐day‐old green turtles (20–22 g body weight) were treated in an indoor aquaculture system for 3 months. The dietary treatment pellets were pre‐soaked with 0.3, 0.5 or 0.7 (v/w) relative amounts of water that are here termed soaking ratios. At the end of experiment, there were no significant differences in survival (96% on average) and growth (average body weight 75.34 g and specific growth rate 2%/day, on average) of turtles in three dietary treatments (p > 0.05). Feed utilization was the best in turtles fed with 0.7 pre‐soaked ratio, as indicated by significant reductions (p < 0.05) in the feeding rate (7.44% body weight/day) and the feed conversion ratio (1.12 g feed/g gain). Digestion was also improved by the induction of faecal digestive enzymes as well as the faecal thermal properties. The rapid growth did not negatively affect the general haematological parameters of reared turtles. These findings indicate that the pre‐soaking of feed pellets at the optimal soaking ratio (1:0.7 w/v of pellet to water) can contribute through improved feed utilization of green turtles.
The influence of population structure on gene expression and flowering time variation in the ubiquitous weed Capsella bursa‐pastoris (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Kryvokhyzha Dmytro , Holm Karl , Chen Jun , Cornille Amandine , Glémin Sylvain , Wright Stephen I. , Lagercrantz Ulf , Lascoux Martin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPopulation structure is a potential problem when testing for adaptive phenotypic differences among populations. The observed phenotypic differences among populations can simply be due to genetic drift, and if the genetic distance between them is not considered, the differentiation may be falsely interpreted as adaptive. Conversely, adaptive and demographic processes might have been tightly associated and correcting for the population structure may lead to false negatives. Here, we evaluated this problem in the cosmopolitan weed Capsella bursa‐pastoris. We used RNA‐Seq to analyse gene expression differences among 24 accessions, which belonged to a much larger group that had been previously characterized for flowering time and circadian rhythm and were genotyped using genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) technique. We found that clustering of accessions for gene expression retrieved the same three clusters that were obtained with GBS data previously, namely Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Moreover, the three groups were also differentiated for both flowering time and circadian rhythm variation. Correction for population genetic structure when analysing differential gene expression analysis removed all differences among the three groups. This may suggest that most differences are neutral and simply reflect population history. However, geographical variation in flowering time and circadian rhythm indicated that the distribution of adaptive traits might be confounded by population structure. To bypass this confounding effect, we compared gene expression differentiation between flowering ecotypes within the genetic groups. Among the differentially expressed genes, FLOWERING LOCUS C was the strongest candidate for local adaptation in regulation of flowering time.
PSMCanalysis of effective population sizes in molecular ecology and its application to black‐and‐whiteFicedulaflycatchers
Authors: Nadachowska‐Brzyska Krystyna , Burri Reto , Smeds Linnéa , Ellegren Hans 
Published: January 2016

AbstractClimatic fluctuations during the Quaternary period governed the demography of species and contributed to population differentiation and ultimately speciation. Studies of these past processes have previously been hindered by a lack of means and genetic data to model changes in effective population size (Ne) through time. However, based on diploid genome sequences of high quality, the recently developed pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) can estimate trajectories of changes inNeover considerable time periods. We applied this approach to resequencing data from nearly 200 genomes of four species and several populations of theFicedulaspecies complex of black‐and‐white flycatchers.Necurves of Atlas, collared, pied and semicollared flycatcher converged 1–2 million years ago (Ma) at anNeof ≈ 200 000, likely reflecting the time when all four species last shared a common ancestor. Subsequent separateNetrajectories are consistent with lineage splitting and speciation. All species showed evidence of population growth up until 100–200 thousand years ago (kya), followed by decline and then start of a new phase of population expansion. However, timing and amplitude of changes inNediffered among species, and for pied flycatcher, the temporal dynamics ofNediffered between Spanish birds and central/northern European populations. This cautions against extrapolation of demographic inference between lineages and calls for adequate sampling to provide representative pictures of the coalescence process in different species or populations. We also empirically evaluate criteria for proper inference of demographic histories usingPSMCand arrive at recommendations of using sequencing data with a mean genome coverage of ≥18X, a per‐site filter of ≥10 reads and no more than 25% of missing data.
Building Strength or Lending an Ear in Legal Conflicts: Dependence and Conflict Asymmetry as Distinct Predictors of Needs for Support
Authors: van Dijk Marian A. J. , Giebels Ellen , Zebel Sven 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBeing aware of psychological aspects of legal conflicts can benefit the efficiency of legal aid. We propose that needs for support may be particularly dependent upon the experience of asymmetry between conflict parties. We distinguish between two types of asymmetry and examine how they relate to different needs for support. We hypothesized that dependence asymmetry (being more dependent on the other party than vice versa) would predict a need for problem‐focused help. Conflict asymmetry (experiencing more conflict than the other side) was expected to increase the need for emotion‐focused help, particularly when people have a weak social network. We tested these hypotheses with a survey among 700 legal aid clients. Results showed that dependence asymmetry was indeed a strong and positive predictor of problem‐focused empowerment needs, whereas conflict asymmetry positively and significantly predicted the need for emotion‐focused help, particularly in the absence of wider social support.
Competitive and Harmonized R&D Policies for International R&D Alliances involving Asymmetric Firms
Authors: Falvey Rod , Teerasuwannajak Khemarat Talerngsri 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe examine R&D policies when a national firm forms an R&D alliance with a foreign competitor. Firms differ in R&D capabilities, select among three forms of R&D alliance and adopt a profit‐sharing rule if they coordinate their R&D decisions. When firms coordinate their R&D decisions and governments choose R&D policies independently, R&D taxes are chosen, but if governments harmonize their policies, they decide not to intervene. These policy outcomes affect the types of R&D alliance chosen. Agreements to share R&D information can outperform those with both coordination and sharing as a result of the R&D tax that coordination attracts.
Outcome after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement in 289 patients with minimum 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Sansone M. , Ahldén M. , Jónasson P. , Thomeé C. , Swärd L. , Öhlin A. , Baranto A. , Karlsson J. , Thomeé R. 
Published: January 2016

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common cause of hip pain and dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to report outcome 2 years after the arthroscopic treatment of FAI using validated outcome measurements. Two hundred and eighty‐nine patients (males = 190, females = 99) with a mean age of 37 years underwent arthroscopic surgery for FAI. Patients were included consecutively in a hip arthroscopy registry. The cohort was evaluated using online web‐based validated health‐related patient‐reported outcomes measurements, including the iHOT‐12, HAGOS, EQ‐5D, HSAS for physical activity level, VAS for overall hip function and overall satisfaction. The mean follow‐up time was 25.4 months. Pre‐operative scores compared with those obtained at follow‐up revealed statistically and clinically significant improvements (P < 0.05) for all measured outcomes; iHOT‐12 (43 vs 66), VAS for global hip function (50 vs 71), HSAS (2.9 vs 3.6), EQ‐5D index (0.58 vs 0.75), EQ‐VAS (67 vs 75) and HAGOS different subscales (56 vs 76, 51 vs 69, 60 vs 78, 40 vs 65, 29 vs 57, 33 vs 58). At the 2‐year follow‐up, 236 patients (82%) reported they were satisfied with the outcome of surgery. We conclude that arthroscopic treatment for FAI resulted in statistically and clinically significant improvements in outcome parameters.
A retrospective analysis of chemotherapy switch suggests improved outcome in surgically removed, biologically aggressive canine haemangiosarcoma
Authors: Finotello R. , Henriques J. , Sabattini S. , Stefanello D. , Felisberto R. , Pizzoni S. , Ferrari R. , Marconato L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHaemangiosarcoma (HSA) has an aggressive biological behaviour and carries a poor prognosis, with less than 10% of treated dogs surviving longer than 1 year. In this retrospective study a varied metronomic chemotherapy (MC) regimen preceded by adjuvant doxorubicin‐based maximum‐tolerated dose chemotherapy (MTDC) was compared with MTDC, in terms of efficacy [time to metastasis, (TTM) and survival time (ST)] and safety in dogs with biologically aggressive HSA. Dogs were eligible if they had no metastasis after MTDC and received either no further chemotherapy or MC maintenance. Twelve dogs received MTDC, and 10 received MC thereafter. Median TTM and ST were significantly longer for dogs receiving MTDC‐MC (not reached versus 150 days, P = 0.028; and not reached versus 168 days, P = 0.030, respectively). Treatment was well tolerated. MTDC followed by MC is safe and suggests improved TTM and ST in dogs with surgically removed, biologically aggressive HSA that are treated in the microscopic setting.
Plasmatic l‐lactate in pet rabbits: association with morbidity and mortality at 14 days
Authors: Ardiaca Maria , Dias Sara , Montesinos Andres , Bonvehi Cristina , Barrera Sara , Cuesta Marina 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe clinical relevance of plasmatic l‐lactate concentration (PLLC) is unknown in rabbits. Due to an entirely different metabolism of lactic acid, PLLC in rabbits can reach much higher concentrations than in other species.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to establish a reference interval (95% RI) for venous PLLC in pet rabbits and to assess its diagnostic and prognostic significance in ill pet rabbits.MethodsPlasmatic l‐lactate concentration was determined by an enzymatic colorimetric method. In the first study, healthy rabbits (n = 140) were the control group. The ill rabbits group (n = 405) included the deceased (n = 108) and the survivors (n = 266), depending on the outcome at day 14. In a second study, variation in the PLLC was determined in 25 boarding (control‐serial), 99 hospitalized (deceased‐serial [n = 27], and survivors‐serial [n = 72]) rabbits sampled at 0, 12, 24 and 48 hours.ResultsThe 95% RI for PLLC in controls was 2.1–15.2 mmol/L. On‐arrival PLLC in ill rabbits was not statistically different from those in the control group, but was significantly lower in deceased compared to survivors or controls. The range of PLLC variation differed significantly between control‐serial, deceased‐serial, and survivors‐serial groups. A better prognosis was associated with an increase of 3.3 mmol/L PLLC within 48 hours after arrival.ConclusionsContrary to the available information in other species, morbidity and mortality is associated with sustained low PLLC in pet rabbits, while a good prognosis is associated with an increase in PLLC. Monitoring PLLC in hospitalized rabbits is advisable.
Isolation of digital dermatitis treponemes from cattle hock skin lesions
Authors: Clegg Simon R. , Bell Jennifer , Ainsworth Stuart , Blowey Roger W. , Bell Nick J. , Carter Stuart D. , Evans Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundBovine hock lesions present a serious welfare and production issue on dairy farms worldwide. Current theories suggest that trauma is an important factor in the formation of hock lesions, although infection may also play a role in increasing their severity and duration.HypothesisDigital dermatitis (DD) lesions in dairy cows are strongly associated with specific treponeme bacteria which are opportunistic invaders of other skin regions. Hock lesions were tested to ascertain if they too contained treponemes.AnimalsSwab and tissue samples were taken from hock lesions from two farms in South West England.MethodsHock lesions were classified into two categories: open lesions, which were often bleeding and ulcerated, or were encrusted; and closed lesions, which were classified as hair loss with no skin breakage. PCR assays and bacterial isolation were used to detect treponemes in hock lesions.ResultsAll three phylogroups of digital dermatitis treponemes were detectable and isolated from open hock lesions only, with closed lesions showing no evidence of treponeme infection, either by PCR or bacterial culture. When analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the cultured treponeme DNA showed complete homology or was very similar to that found in foot lesions. Additionally, skin swabs from near the open hock wounds were also positive by PCR assay and isolation for the DD treponemes.Conclusions and clinical importanceIdentification of the contribution of these infectious agents will allow for more optimal treatments to be developed that reduce the prevalence and healing times of both hock and DD lesions.