bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of conditional centiles of middle cerebral artery pulsatility index and cerebroplacental ratio in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcomes
Authors: Karlsen Henriette O. , Ebbing Cathrine , Rasmussen Svein , Kiserud Torvid , Johnsen Synnøve L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionCentiles of middle cerebral artery pulsatility index and cerebroplacental ratio are useful for predicting adverse perinatal outcomes. A ‘conditional centile’ is conditioned by a previous measurement reflecting degree of individual change over time. Here we test whether such centiles are independent predictors and whether their combination improves prediction.Material and methodsThis prospective longitudinal study included 220 pregnant women diagnosed with or at risk of having a small‐for‐gestational‐age fetus. Serial Doppler measurements of the umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery pulsatility indexs were used to calculate cerebroplacental ratio. Preterm birth, operative delivery due to fetal distress, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, 5‐min Apgar score <7, newborn hypoglycemia, and perinatal mortality were considered adverse outcomes. Possible associations were analyzed by log‐binomial regression analysis.ResultsSerial Doppler measurements of the middle cerebral artery were available in 207 participants and cerebroplacental ratio in 205. Conditional centiles ≤5 and ≤10 for both middle cerebral artery pulsatility index and cerebroplacental ratio were associated with increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes. However, only the combination of cerebroplacental ratio centile and conditional centile ≤10 showed a better performance in the prediction of operative delivery due to fetal distress (p = 0.032), admission to neonatal intensive care unit (p = 0.048), and the combined variable “any adverse outcomes” (p = 0.034) compared with the use of centile ≤10 alone.ConclusionsConditional centile for middle cerebral artery pulsatility index and cerebroplacental ratio ≤5 and ≤10 are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. When adding conditional centile to conventional centile for cerebroplacental ratio, the prediction improved compared with the use of conventional centile alone.
Human umbilical and fetal cerebral blood flow velocity waveforms following maternal glucose loading: a cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Haugen Guttorm , Bollerslev Jens , Henriksen Tore 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionOur aim was to study umbilical and fetal cerebral arterial blood flow velocity waveforms related to fetal biometric measures and maternal body mass index, glucose levels and parity following maternal oral glucose loading.Material and methodsThe study had an experimental design in a cross‐sectional observational study including 105 low‐risk pregnancies (30–32 weeks of gestation). Ultrasound Doppler measurements of umbilical and middle cerebral arterial (UA and MCA) velocity waveforms were performed before and at 2 h after completed 75‐g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). We assessed changes in UA and MCA pulsatility indices (PI).ResultsMCA PI was significantly reduced following OGTT (p < 0.001); these changes were not related to changes in fetal heart rate (r = −0.11, p = 0.278). UA PI was also significantly reduced following OGTT (p = 0.033); these changes were related to fetal heart rate (r = −0.47, p < 0.001). This reduction was not significant (p = 0.230) when the PI values were adjusted for fetal heart rate. The ratio MCA PI to UA PI was reduced (p = 0.001). The effect of OGTT on MCA PI was not related to fetal abdominal circumference whereas the effect on the adjusted UA PI values was correlated to abdominal circumference (r = −0.20, p = 0.045) but not to abdominal circumference Z‐score (r = −0.16, p = 0.115). The influence of OGTT on the Doppler parameters as well as heart rates was not related to prepregnant body mass index, glucose levels before or after OGTT, parity, fetal sex or gestational age.ConclusionsMaternal glucose loading seems to decrease fetal cerebral blood flow impedance independent of fetal size.
Intestinal Conditioning After Cardiac Arrest: The Use of Normothermic Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Non‐Heart‐Beating Animal Model
Authors: Guo Mingxiao , Yao Danhua , Li Linlin , Lu Chunlei , Li Yousheng , Li Jieshou 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe effect of normothermic extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (NECMO) on small bowel preservation in a clinically relevant large animal model of expected donation after cardiac death (eDCD) was evaluated. Thirty domestic crossbred donor pigs were divided into five groups. The first group served as the live donation (LD) group, the second group served as the donation after cardiac death (DCD) group, and the remaining were further assigned into three subgroups: E1 group (1 h NECMO support), E3 group (3 h NECMO support), and E5 group (5 h NECMO support). Pathology, electron microscopy, energy metabolism, cell apoptosis, and tight junction (TJ) protein expression level of intestinal mucosa and the level of plasma d‐lactic acid were evaluated in normal, cardiac death and at the end of extracorporeal support, respectively. The mean arterial pressure and PaO2 were maintained over 60 and 267 mm Hg during NECMO support, respectively. One hour of extracorporeal support could improve the energy status in intestines of the DCD group. Although the histologic damage and apoptosis of the E1 group had no significant difference with those of the LD and DCD groups (P > 0.05), the levels of intestinal mucosa TJ protein decreased (P < 0.05), and plasma d‐lactic acid increased progressively (P < 0.05). With the extension of extracorporeal support, the degree of intestinal mucosa damage and intestinal permeability gradually increased, as well as the content of adenosine triphosphate in intestinal mucosa. The normothermic extracorporeal support for 1 h in DCD is beneficial for improving the energy status and viability of the bowel. However, the integrity of intestinal mucosa was destroyed gradually as extracorporeal support time went by. And the activation of intestinal epithelial apoptosis and hyperoxia might be the factors that lead to intestinal mucosa injury.
Treatment of severe recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation in HIV infected patients using sofosbuvir‐based therapy
Authors: Campos‐Varela I. , Moreno A. , Morbey A. , Guaraldi G. , Hasson H. , Bhamidimarri K. R. , Castells L. , Grewal P. , Baños I. , Bellot P. , Brainard D. M. , McHutchison J. G. , Terrault N. A. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackgroundFor liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co‐infection, recurrence after LT is associated with a higher risk of graft loss than for HCV mono‐infected patients. Prior HCV treatment options were limited by side effects and drug–drug interactions.AimTo evaluate treatment outcomes with sofosbuvir (SOF)‐based therapy among HIV/HCV coinfected liver transplant recipients.MethodsAccess to SOF and ribavirin (RBV) prior to regulatory approval was attained via an international compassionate access program for transplant recipients with a life expectancy of 1 year or less in the absence of HCV treatment. This report focuses on the short and longer term outcomes in HCV‐HIV co‐infected liver transplant recipients.ResultsTwenty patients were treated, nine with early severe recurrence and 11 with cirrhosis. Eleven patients received SOF and RBV, one SOF, RBV and Peg‐interferon, three SOF, RBV and simeprevir and five SOF, RBV and daclatasvir. Of the 18 patients who completed treatment, 16 (89%) achieved sustained virological response 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12). Liver function tests (including bilirubin and albumin) improved significantly over time. Nineteen serious adverse events occurred in eight (40%) patients, none of them related to SOF. Two patients died during treatment and another, 1 year after the end of therapy, due to progressive end‐stage liver disease. Importantly, HIV suppression was not compromised. No significant drug‐drug interactions were reported.ConclusionsSofosbuvir‐based regimens are safe, well‐tolerated and provide high rates of SVR in HCV‐HIV co‐infected patients with severe recurrence after‐liver transplant.
Effects of Osteoporosis‐Inducing Drugs on Vitamin D‐Related Gene Transcription and Mineralization in MG‐63 and Saos‐2 Cells
Authors: Wegler Christine , Wikvall Kjell , Norlin Maria 
Published: April 2016

AbstractVitamin D3 is important for calcium and phosphate homeostasis. To exert its effects, vitamin D3 has to be enzymatically activated into 1,25D3 (1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3). Regulation by endogenous vitamin D metabolites of the activation and inactivation of 1,25D3 is important to maintain adequate amounts of active vitamin D3. Vitamin D deficiency and low bone mineral density have been linked to treatments with antiretroviral drugs and glucocorticoids. However, the causes of drug‐induced osteoporosis remain unclear. The antiretroviral drugs efavirenz and ritonavir as well as the glucocorticoid dexamethasone were included in this study. Their effects on transcription of vitamin D‐regulating enzymes in MG‐63 cells were investigated. Ritonavir and dexamethasone both induced transcription of CYP27B1, the enzyme responsible for the formation of 1,25D3. Efavirenz, however, suppressed CYP27B1 expression. When administered together with endogenous vitamin D metabolites, dexamethasone and efavirenz counteracted the 1,25D3‐mediated up‐regulation of CYP24A1, which inactivates 1,25D3. This suggests that the drugs may interfere with local regulation of the vitamin D metabolizing system in osteoblasts. Studies on mineralization were performed in MG‐63 cells and Saos‐2 cells by measuring calcium concentrations accumulated over time. The effects of efavirenz, ritonavir and dexamethasone and/or vitamin D metabolites were examined. 1,25D3 induced mineralization in both cell lines. Efavirenz administered alone did not affect mineralization but suppressed the inducing effects of 1,25D3 on mineralization in both MG‐63 cells and Saos‐2 cells. In summary, the results suggest that antiretroviral drugs and glucocorticoids may adversely affect bone by interference with the vitamin D system in osteoblasts.
Adherence to prophylaxis and bleeding outcome in haemophilia: a multicentre study
Authors: Schrijvers LieSbeth H. , Beijlevelt ‐ van der Zande Marlene , Peters Marjolein , Lock Janske , Cnossen Marjon H. , Schuurmans Marieke J. , Fischer Kathelijn 
Published: April 2016

SummaryPrevention of bleeding and joint damage in severe haemophilia is dependent on adherence to prophylactic replacement therapy. The aim of this study was to assess adherence to prophylaxis, including associations with age, bleeding and clotting factor consumption (CFC). In three Dutch haemophilia centres, semi‐structured interviews about adherence to prophylaxis in the previous 2 weeks were conducted with patients or parents of a child with haemophilia. Patients were classified, according to pre‐specified definitions, as adherent, sub‐optimally adherent or non‐adherent based on missing, timing, and dose of infusions. Association of annual bleeding rates, mean CFC, person performing the infusion (parents verus patients) with adherence categories were analysed. Overall, 241 patients with haemophilia using prophylaxis were studied. Parents were more adherent (66%; n = 48/73) than patients (43%; n = 72/168). Sub‐optimal adherence occurred in 29% of parents and 37% of patients and was characterized by changes in timing of infusion (mostly from morning to evening), while missing <6% of infusions. Non‐adherence occurred less often: in 5% of parents and 20% of patients. Reduced adherence was associated with lower CFC, but not with joint bleeding. In conclusion, non‐adherence in haemophilia was relatively rare, yet 1/3 of patients struggled to administer prophylaxis at the appropriate time of day.
Specific cytotoxic T‐cell immune responses against autoantigens recognized by chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells
Authors: Zaleska Joanna , Skorka Katarzyna , Zajac Malgorzata , Karczmarczyk Agnieszka , Karp Marta , Tomczak Waldemar , Hus Marek , Wlasiuk Paulina , Giannopoulos Krzysztof 
Published: April 2016

Mounting evidence suggests that autoreactivity and inflammatory processes are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Cytoskeletal proteins, including non‐muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (MYHIIA), vimentin (VIM) and cofilin‐1 (CFL1), exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells have been identified as autoantigens that are recognized by the specific B‐cell receptors of the CLL cells. In 212 CLL patients analysed with quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reactionwe found CFL1 overexpression and low expression of MYH9 in comparison with healthy volunteers. We detected specific cytotoxic immune responses for peptides derived from MYHIIA in 66·7%, VIM in 87·5% and CFL1 in 62·5% CLL patients in an Enzyme‐Linked ImmunoSpot assay. Low frequencies of autoreactive peptide‐specific T cells were detected against MYHIIA, VIM and CFL1 in CLL patients ex vivo; most of the detected cells had an effector‐memory phenotype. Our findings support the existence of cytotoxic immune responses against three autoantigens that have been identified as targets of CLL clonotypic B‐cell receptors. The presence of autoreactive CD8+ T cells against MYHIIA, VIM and CFL1 in CLL patients indicates the involvement of antigen‐specific autoreactive T cells in the pathogenesis of CLL.
Generating Supplier Benefits through Buyer‐Enabled Knowledge Enrichment: A Social Capital Perspective
Authors: Preston David S. , Chen Daniel Q. , Swink Morgan , Meade Laura 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIn accordance with the tenets of social capital theory, the knowledge‐based view of the firm, and absorptive capacity theory we provide an integrative research model that sheds light on how suppliers can derive benefits from a strong relationship with key buyers. In particular, we examine three research questions that address: (i) the interrelationships among the three dimensions of buyer–supplier social capital (structural, cognitive, relational); (ii) the mechanism through which buyer–supplier social capital can influence supplier performance; and (iii) the contingency factors that influence the key relationships in the main model. We empirically validate the research model using data collected from a North America‐based major electronic components distributor (i.e., the buyer) and 166 of its suppliers. The findings of our data analysis indicate that structural and cognitive social capital influence relational social capital. The findings also support that relational social capital allows for the transfer of knowledge from the buyer to the supplier, which in turn leads to greater supplier cost efficiency and innovation. However, the influence of buyer–supplier relational social capital appears to be less important in lengthier buyer–supplier relationships. The analysis also indicates that the benefits derived from a supplier's knowledge enrichment are significantly greater when the supplier possesses greater exploitative capacity. These findings provide important extensions to theory describing buyer–supplier relationships, as well as providing clear prescriptions for suppliers and relationship managers.
Risk factors for necrobiosis lipoidica in Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hammer E. , Lilienthal E. , Hofer S. E. , Schulz S. , Bollow E. , Holl R. W. ,   for the DPV Initiative and the German BMBF Competence Network for Diabetes Mellitus
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimsTo compare the clinical and metabolic characteristics of patients with Type 1 diabetes and necrobiosis lipoidica with those of patients with Type 1 diabetes who do not have necrobiosis lipoidica. A multicentre analysis was performed.MethodsClinical and laboratory data were obtained from 64 133 patients (aged 0–25 years) with Type 1 diabetes with and without necrobiosis lipoidica who were registered in the German/Austrian Diabetes Prospective Documentation Initiative registry. Data were analysed using multivariable regression modelling. Age, diabetes duration, treatment year and sex were considered as confounding factors.ResultsResults adjusted for demographic variables are presented. In patients with necrobiosis lipoidica, metabolic control was worse (HbA1c 72 vs. 67 mmol/mol, 8.7% vs. 8.3%; P = 0.0065) and the duration of diabetes was longer [6.24 (3.28–9.97) vs. 5.11 (2.08–8.83) years; P = 0.014; not adjusted]. Patients with necrobiosis lipoidica required higher insulin doses than those without (1.02 vs. 0.92 U/kg/day; P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the frequency of microvascular complications (microalbuminuria and retinopathy) between the groups. Furthermore, 24.8% and 17.5% of patients with Type 1 diabetes with and without necrobiosis lipoidica, respectively, had elevated thyroid antibodies (P = 0.051). Necrobiosis lipoidica was correlated with coeliac disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes (3.4% vs. 1.0%; P = 0.0035).ConclusionsOur data indicate a strong correlation between hyperglycaemia and the development of necrobiosis lipoidica. We postulate that the underlying pathogenic processes differ from those leading to microalbuminuria and retinopathy, and additional immunological mechanisms may play a role.
Protection of cultured dopamine neurons from MPP+ requires a combination of neurotrophic factors
Authors: Jaumotte Juliann D. , Wyrostek Stephanie L. , Zigmond Michael J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractParkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, caused in part by the loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Neurotrophic factors have been shown to increase the basal survival of DA neurons in vitro, as well as to protect the neurons from some toxins under certain in vitro conditions and in animal models. Although these factors have often been tested individually, they have rarely been studied in combinations. We therefore examined the effect of such combinations after acute exposure to the toxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+) using dissociated postnatal rat midbrain cultures isolated from SN and ventral tegmental area (VTA). We found that significant loss of DA neurons in the SN occurred with an LC50 of between 1 and 10 μm, whereas the LC50 of DA neurons from the VTA was approximately 1000‐fold higher. We did not observe neuroprotection against MPP+ by individual exposure to glial cell‐line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) or growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) at concentrations of 100 or 500 ng/mL. Combinations of two, three or four neurotrophic factors were also ineffective. However, when the SN cultures were exposed to a combination of all five neurotrophic factors, each at a concentration of 100 ng/mL, we observed a 30% increase in DA neuron survival in the presence of 10 and 500 μm MPP+. These results may be relevant to the use of neurotrophic factors as therapeutic treatments for Parkinson's disease.
Effect of storage time and temperature on the results of analysis of synovial and mesothelial fluids
Authors: Hughes K. J. , Rendle D. I. , Higgins S. , Barron R. , Cowling A. , Love S. , Durham A. E. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryReasons for performing studyDelays between collection and laboratory analysis of equine body fluid samples are common in practice; however, the effects of delays on the accuracy of results and diagnostic interpretation are unknown.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of storage time and temperature combination on protein and cell parameters of equine synovial and mesothelial cavity fluids and determine whether any changes affect clinicopathological interpretation.Study designIn vitro experiment.MethodsBody fluid samples obtained from horses during diagnostic investigation were divided into 7 aliquots and total protein concentration (TP), total nucleated cell count (TNCC) and neutrophil morphology were analysed immediately (T0) and at 24 (T24), 48 (T48) and 72 h (T72) after storage at 4 or 22°C. Linear mixed models were used to analyse effects of fluid type and storage conditions onTP,TNCCand neutrophil morphology grade. Changes in interpretation of samples over time and diagnostic performance at each analysis point were recorded.ResultsA total of 32 samples were collected from 23 horses. Storage had no effect onTP. Cell count was influenced by fluid type and was significantly reduced at T72for storage at 4°C and T24, T48and T72for 22°C (P<0.001). Neutrophil morphology grade was significantly greater at T24, T48and T72than at T0for both 4 and 22°C (P<0.001). For 9 samples, the diagnostic interpretation changed over time. Specificity and positive predictive value at each analysis point was 100%; however, sensitivity and negative predictive value decreased with greater storage duration and temperature.ConclusionsAlterations in theTNCCand neutrophil morphology of body fluid samples occur when analysis is delayed, especially with higher storage temperatures, and may influence interpretation and clinical decision‐making. Body fluid samples should be analysed as soon as possible after collection to minimise preanalytical errors due to storage.
Land‐use change to bioenergy: grassland to short rotation coppice willow has an improved carbon balance
Authors: Harris Zoe M. , Alberti Giorgio , Viger Maud , Jenkins Joe R. , Rowe Rebecca , McNamara Niall P. , Taylor Gail 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe effect of a transition from grassland to second‐generation (2G) bioenergy on soil carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) balance is uncertain, with limited empirical data on which to validate landscape‐scale models, sustainability criteria and energy policies. Here, we quantified soil carbon, soilGHGemissions and whole ecosystem carbon balance for short rotation coppice (SRC) bioenergy willow and a paired grassland site, both planted at commercial scale. We quantified the carbon balance for a 2‐year period and captured the effects of a commercial harvest in theSRCwillow at the end of the first cycle. Soil fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) did not contribute significantly to theGHGbalance of these land uses. Soil respiration was lower inSRCwillow (912 ± 42 g C m−2 yr−1) than in grassland (1522 ± 39 g C m−2 yr−1). Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) reflected this with the grassland a net source of carbon with meanNEEof 119 ± 10 g C m−2 yr−1andSRCwillow a net sink, −620 ± 18 g C m−2 yr−1. When carbon removed from the ecosystem in harvested products was considered (Net Biome Productivity),SRCwillow remained a net sink (221 ± 66 g C m−2 yr−1). Despite theSRCwillow site being a net sink for carbon, soil carbon stocks (0–30 cm) were higher under the grassland. There was a largerNEEand increase in ecosystem respiration in theSRCwillow after harvest; however, the site still remained a carbon sink. Our results indicate that once established, significant carbon savings are likely inSRCwillow compared with the minimally managed grassland at this site. Although these observed impacts may be site and management dependent, they provide evidence that land‐use transition to 2G bioenergy has potential to provide a significant improvement on the ecosystem service of climate regulation relative to grassland systems.