bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psycho-social determinants of antenatal anxiety and depression in Pakistan: Is social support a mediator?
Authors: Waqas Ahmed , Raza Nahal , Wajid Lodhi Haneen , Muhammad Zerwah , Jamal Mehak , Suleman Abdul Rehman AR 
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Pregnancy is generally viewed as a time of fulfillment and joy, however, for many women, it can be a stressful event. In South Asia, it is associated with cultural stigmas revolving around gender discrimination, abnormal births and genetic abnormalities. It is also associated with several psychiatric problems in women, most notably, depression and anxiety.
Methodology: This cross sectional study was undertaken in four teaching hospitals in Lahore from February, 2014 to June, 2014. 500 Pregnant women presenting at the outdoors of obstetrics and gynecology department were interviewed. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: Demographics, Hospital anxiety and depression scale and social provision scale. Data was analyzed in SPSS v.20. Descriptive statistics were analyzed for demographics. Pearson Chi Square, Bivariate Correlations and linear regression were run to analyze associations of independent variables with scores on HAD scale and SPS.
Results: There were a total of 500 respondents. Mean age of respondents was 27.41 years (5.65). Anxiety levels of participants were categorized as Normal 145 (29%), borderline 110 (22%) and anxious 245 (49%). Depression levels were categorized as 218 (43.6%) normal, 123 (24.6%) borderline, and 159 (31.8%) depressed. Inferential analysis revealed that higher scores on HAD scale were significantly associated with lower scores on social provisions scale (SPS), rural background, history of harassment, abortion, C-sections and unplanned pregnancies (P < .05).
Social support also mediated the relationship between gender of previous offspring and scores on HAD scale. Women reporting higher numbers of female children were significantly associated with higher scores on HAD scale and lower on SPS scale. Whereas increasing number of male progeny were associated with low scores on depression subscale (P < .05).
Conclusion: Keeping in context the predominantly patriarchal socio-cultural setting, the predictors of antenatal anxiety and depression in Pakistan may differ from those of the developed countries. Rural women and working women showed higher levels of antenatal anxiety and depression, which contradicts studies from western countries. Our study revealed higher number of female progeny was associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety while male progeny had a protective influence. We, therefore, suggest that interventions designed to reduce antenatal anxiety and depression should take these unique factors, operating in developing countries and patriarchal societies, into account in their design and implementation.
Demographics and feeding ecology of whale sharks at Mafia Island, Tanzania
Authors: Cagua Edgar F , Cochran Jesse , Rohner Chris , Igulu Mathias M , Rubens Jason , Pierce Simon , Berumen Michael L 
Published: January 2018

Background. The Western Indian Ocean is a globally important region for the whale shark Rhincodon typus, with well-studied coastal aggregation sites in southern Mozambique, Seychelles and Djibouti. Here we present an overview of a new study at Mafia Island, Tanzania.
Methods. We monitored whale shark abundances on 103 boat trips from October 2012–March 2013. We also used passive acoustic telemetry (VEMCO® V16 tags) and photographic identification to monitor the residency times and local movements of 29 tagged individuals. Shark sizes were estimated using laser photogrammetry.
Results. In total we observed 87 individual sharks with a mean of 5.1 ± 5.2 (± SD) per trip and a peak in December of 8.2 ± 6.3. Total length ranged from 4.1 to 9.7 m and almost all sharks were immature. After boat-based visual observations dropped to zero in March 2013 (with the same ongoing sampling effort), the acoustic array still detected 75% of tagged sharks. Tagged individuals were detected by the acoustic array for 73 ± 40 days on average. They showed a strong site fidelity to a 15 km2 area in the inner part of the bay and then progressively moved offshore at the end of the season, matching a decrease in plankton abundance. Sharks were mostly observed feeding on dense patches of the pelagic shrimp Lucifer hansoni, often in association with planktivorous fishes. Photo IDs from 2007-09 and 2012-13 indicate that a large proportion of the juvenile individuals return to Mafia Island each spring-summer.
Conclusion. The size range and gender distribution of whale sharks at Mafia Island is similar to other coastal aggregations in the Indian Ocean, but the relatively high site fidelity and residency time stands in contrast.
A standardized, extensible framework for optimizing classification improves marker-gene taxonomic assignments
Authors: Bokulich Nicholas A , Rideout Jai Ram , Kopylova Evguenia , Bolyen Evan , Patnode Jessica , Ellett Zach , McDonald Daniel , Wolfe Benjamin , Maurice Corinne F , Dutton Rachel J , Turnbaugh Peter J , Knight Rob , Caporaso J Gregory 
Published: January 2018

Background: Taxonomic classification of marker-gene (i.e., amplicon) sequences represents an important step for molecular identification of microorganisms.
Results: We present three advances in our ability to assign and interpret taxonomic classifications of short marker gene sequences: two new methods for taxonomy assignment, which reduce runtime up to two-fold and achieve high precision genus-level assignments; an evaluation of classification methods that highlights differences in performance with different marker genes and at different levels of taxonomic resolution; and an extensible framework for evaluating and optimizing new classification methods, which we hope will serve as a model for standardized and reproducible bioinformatics methods evaluations.
Conclusions: Our new methods are accessible in QIIME 1.9.0, and our evaluation framework will support ongoing optimization of classification methods to complement rapidly evolving short-amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics technologies. Static versions of all of the analysis notebooks generated with this framework, which contain all code and analysis results, can be viewed at http://bit.ly/srta-010.
Testing Earthquake Links in Mexico From 1978 to the 2017M = 8.1 Chiapas andM = 7.1 Puebla Shocks
Authors: Segou Margarita , Parsons Tom 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTheM = 8.1 Chiapas and theM = 7.1 Puebla earthquakes occurred in the bending part of the subducting Cocos plate 11 days and ~600 km apart, a range that puts them well outside the typical aftershock zone. We find this to be a relatively common occurrence in Mexico, with 14% ofM > 7.0 earthquakes since 1900 striking more than 300 km apart and within a 2 week interval, not different from a randomized catalog. We calculate the triggering potential caused by crustal stress redistribution from large subduction earthquakes over the last 40 years. There is no evidence that static stress transfer or dynamic triggering from the 8 September Chiapas earthquake promoted the 19 September earthquake. Both recent earthquakes were promoted by past thrust events instead, including delayed afterslip from the 2012M = 7.5 Oaxaca earthquake. A repeated pattern of shallow thrust events promoting deep intraslab earthquakes is observed over the past 40 years.
Innovativer Mehrfachprüfstand zur zyklischen Beanspruchung großformatiger Betonprobekörper
Authors: Przondziono Robin , Schulte‐Schrepping Christoph , Breitenbücher Rolf 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn Betonbauwerken können zyklische Belastungen bereits lange vor einem Ermüdungsversagen zu Degradationserscheinungen im Mikrogefüge führen. In Kombination mit anderen Einwirkungen, z. B. alkalihaltige Taumittel oder Meerwasser, kann dadurch die Dauerhaftigkeit beeinträchtigt werden. Bei den zyklischen Belastungen ist zwischen lastabhängigen und lastunabhängigen zu unterscheiden. Lastunabhängige wiederkehrende Beanspruchungen stellen sich insbesondere durch thermische, in Sonderfällen auch durch hygrische Verformungen im Jahres‐ und Tagesgang ein. Lastabhängige zyklische Beanspruchungen können unterschiedlicher Natur sein, z. B. infolge Verkehr auf Fahrbahnen oder Brücken oder bei Windkraftanlagen infolge der Rotorblätter. Um den Einfluss der zyklischen Belastungen auf die Degradation und in Folge auf die Dauerhaftigkeit zeitraffend erfassen zu können, wurde am Lehrstuhl für Baustofftechnik der Ruhr‐Universität Bochum ein Mehrfachprüfstand für solche Beanspruchungen entwickelt. Dieser Prüfstand erlaubt eine praxisnahe Simulation zyklischer Lasten an großformatigen Betonkörpern. Die Entwicklung, das Funktionsprinzip sowie der erfolgreiche Einsatz des Mehrfachprüfstandes in mehreren Forschungsvorhaben werden in dieser Veröffentlichung dargestellt.
Size and Optically Tunable Ethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles as Carriers for Organic UV Filters
Authors: Hayden Douglas R. , Kibbelaar Heleen V. M. , Imhof Arnout , Velikov Krassimir P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOptically active nanoparticles (NPs) are potential building blocks for bottom‐up functional technology in applications such as displays, sensors, and sunscreens. For sunscreens in particular, NPs can be used as delivery systems for organic UV filters in order to minimise skin exposure to these molecules. Here, we investigate the synthesis of size‐tunable ethyl cellulose NPs (ECNPs) and their application as carriers for multiple organic UV filters. We prepared ECNPs with sizes of 50 to 165 nm via an antisolvent precipitation technique and investigate the incorporation of three commonplace organic UV filters – oxybenzone, avobenzone, and octinoxate – into the ECNPs. We found the particle loading varied greatly with each UV filter. Photodegradation of the UV filters remained unchanged upon incorporation into ECNPs and was not affected by co‐encapsulating the antioxidant α‐tocopherol. These results can significantly advance the development of environmentally friendly functionalized nanoparticles and UV‐protective coatings.
Methanol–Water Aqueous‐Phase Reforming with the Assistance of Dehydrogenases at Near‐Room Temperature
Authors: Shen Yangbin , Zhan Yulu , Li Shuping , Ning Fandi , Du Ying , Huang Yunjie , He Ting , Zhou Xiaochun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAs an excellent hydrogen‐storage medium, methanol has many advantages, such as high hydrogen content (12.6 wt %), low cost, and availability from biomass or photocatalysis. However, conventional methanol–water reforming usually proceeds at high temperatures. In this research, we successfully designed a new effective strategy to generate hydrogen from methanol at near‐room temperature. The strategy involved two main processes: CH3OH→HCOOH→H2 and NADH→HCOOH→H2. The first process (CH3OH→HCOOH→H2) was performed by an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and an Ir catalyst. The second procedure (NADH→HCOOH→H2) was performed by formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and the Ir catalyst. The Ir catalyst used was a previously reported polymer complex catalyst [Cp*IrCl2(ppy); Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, ppy=polypyrrole] with high catalytic activity for the decomposition of formic acid at room temperature and is compatible with enzymes, coenzymes, and poisoning chemicals. Our results revealed that the optimum hydrogen generation rate could reach up to 17.8 μmol h−1 gcat−1 under weak basic conditions at 30 °C. This will have high impact on hydrogen storage, production, and applications and should also provide new inspiration for hydrogen generation from methanol.
Voltammetric Detection of Catecholamine Metabolites Using Tröger's Base Modified Electrode
Authors: Shishkanova Tatiana V. , Broncová Gabriela , Fitl Přemysl , Král Vladimír , Barek Jiří 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe advantage of surface modification of voltammetric sensor for determination of catecholamine metabolites such as vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) is discussed. The amino‐substituted coumarin derivative of Tröger's base was deposi‐ted on a graphite screen‐printed electrode (poly(CTB)/G/SPE) cycling the electrode potential between 0 and 1.2 V in 5 mL CH2Cl2 containing 1×10−3 mol L−1 tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate and 20 μL 0.1 mol L−1 HCl. The poly(CTB) functions as both a selective recognition and pre‐concentrator agent for catecholamine metabolites. The high sensitivity of the voltammetric sensor coated by a poly(CTB) film toward VMA was achieved despite the high structural similarity between the two tested metabolites. We presume the voltammetric detection of these species is based on selective binding by a poly(CTB) film supported by its good adherence to the electrode substrate. The voltammetric signals of VMA were observable in the concentration range 10–100 μmol L−1 (LOD=0.2 μmol L−1) and 20–60 μmol L−1 (LOD=10 μmol L−1) in the model and synthethic urine samples, respectively.
Inhibition of Yeast Phagocytosis in Macrophage Cultures Treated With Slime Polysaccharide Purified From Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Grasso Robert J , Ganguly Rama , Breen John F 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study was initiated to determine whether purified slime polysacchar- ide(PSP) from P aeruginosa inhibits the ingestion of heat killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae particles in macrophage cultures. Relative to controls, direct phagocytosis assays revealed that the percentages of phagocytes and the numbers of ingested yeast particles per phagocyte decreased in a dose-dependent manner in PSP-treated cultures. Thus, PSP may act as a virulence factor in vivo by impairing the phagocytic capacity of macrophages.
The Effects of Hypothermia on Neutrophil Function In Vitro
Authors: Akriotis V , Biggar W D 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Hypothermia may be associated with compromised host defenses and serious bacterial infections in man. We have examined the effects of moderate hypothermia (29°C) on neutrophil function in vitro. At 29°C, neutrophil phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus was impaired. In contrast, neutrophil killing of Streptococcus faecalis was most affected by hypothermia. Phagocytosis, as measured by neutrophil ingestion of opsonized oil-red-O-particles, was reduced at 29°C over the 15 min of observation. Neutrophil metabolism linked to bactericidal pathways dependent on oxidative metabolism was reduced at 29°C. Hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP) activity in neutrophils early after stimulation with latex particles was reduced. After 2 hr HMP activity was similar at 29°C and 37°C. Neotetrazolium dye reduction was reduced early after latex stimulation of neutrophils and after 30 min it was similar to cells at 37°C. Leukocyte migration under agarose to bacterial-derived and formyl-methionyl- phenylalanine chemotactic factors was reduced by 50% and 70%, respectively. Migration to serum-derived chemotactic factor was reduced by only 20%. When cells were cooled to 29°C for 30 to 90 min and rewarmed, neutrophil function was normal. These effects of hypothermia on neutrophil function may explain, in part, the increased incidence of serious and frequently fatal bacterial infections in man.
Expression of 5′Nucleotidase Activity and Wheat-Germ Agglutinin Binding Sites in Mononuclear Phagocytes From Bone Marrow Cultures
Authors: de Water R , van der Meer J W M , van't Noordende J M , Onderwater J J M , van de Gevel J S , Ginsel L A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The question as to whether the various types of mononuclear phagocyte found in bone marrow cultures and recognized by specific peroxidatic (PO) activity patterns differ in the expression of binding sites for the lectin wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) and the activity of the ectoenzyme 5′nucleotidase (5′N) was investigated. Monoblasts, promonocytes, monocytes, and/or exudate macrophages, and exudate-resident macrophages generally showed a high level of WGA binding, and a considerably lower level was found in the PO-negative cells and in resident macrophages. 5′N activity was absent in monoblasts, promonocytes, and in the great majority of the monocytes and/or exudate macrophages, but was demonstrable in exudate-resident macrophages and resident macrophages, as well as in PO-negative macrophages after 4 days of culture. On the basis of the successive occurrence of the above-mentioned phenotypes in cultures, the possibility that this diversity in WGA binding and 5′N activity is related to modulation during cell differentiation is discussed. The present findings led to the conclusion that the PO-negative macrophages, whose origin was previously not entirely certain, are precursors of resident macrophages.
Interferon Production in Murine Macrophage-Like Cell Lines
Authors: Salo Richard J , Bleam Diana K , Greer Veronica L , Ortega Andrew P 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Five murine macrophage (MΦ)-like cell lines were examined to determine their suitability for the characterization of MΦ interferons (IFNs). The J774A.1, RAW 309 Cr.1, and RAW 264.7 cell lines produced 30–800 international units (IU)/ 106 cells when treated with 5–200 μg of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). No IFN was detected in LPS-treated P388D1 or PU5-1.8 cell cultures. All cell lines produced IFN when inoculated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV); however, only 15 IU/106 cells of acid stable IFN were produced in PU5-1.8 cell cultures in comparison to 4.2 × 103-1.7 × 104 IU/106 cells in the other cell lines. Most of the IFN was produced within 4 h in LPS-treated cell cultures and within 12 h in NDV-infected cell cultures. All IFNs were stable at pH 2.0 and were neutralized with antiserum against mouse L cell IFN. These cell lines appear competent for use in studying the synthesis, molecular weights, and regulatory functions of MΦ IFNs.
Human Leukemic Models of Myelomonocytic Development: A Review of the HL-60 and U937 Cell Lines
Authors: Harris Paul , Ralph Peter 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The human leukemic myeloblast HL-60 and monoblast U937 cell lines have made important contributions to the disciplines of cancer, hematology, and immunology. As sources of leukemic cells, they have been used for the study of neoplasia and therapeutics. As sources of hemic cells, they have been used for biochemical and biological analysis of regulation and differentiation in myelopoiesis. When stimulated with immunomodulatory factors, the cell lines develop properties of host-defense effector cells. They are also a source of cytokines that affect other cell types.
Induction of Macrophage Growth by the Lipid Moiety of Lipoprotein and Its Augmentation by Denaturation of the Lipoproteins
Authors: Yui Satoru , Mizuno Den'ichi , Yamazaki Masatoshi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Lipoprotein (d &lt; 1.21) isolated from mouse tumor ascitic fluid or mouse-serum induced growth of peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Lipoprotein fractions that stimulated macrophage growth were the chylomicron, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), whereas the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction did not. Lipids extracted from total lipoprotein also showed significant macrophage-growth-stimulating activity and lost this activity when hydrolyzed. The macrophage-growth-stimulating activity of the lipoprotein (d &lt; 1.21) was increased about ten times by heat treatment of the lipoprotein (100 °, 30 min). The HDL fraction that had no activity in the native form also showed activity after heat treatment. Lipoprotein-depleted ascitic fluid and simple proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) had no activity even after heat treatment. These results show that the lipid moiety of lipoproteins caused proliferation of macrophages and that denatured lipoproteins were more effective than native ones.
Enhanced Interleukin-1 Production by Human Monocyte Cell Lines Following Treatment With 5-Azacytidine
Authors: Kovacs Elizabeth J , Oppenheim Joost J , Carter Donald B , Young Howard A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Recent studies suggest that DNA modification, such as methylation of specific bases or substitution of altered bases, can play an important role in the control of eukaryotic gene expression. We chose to examine the effects of two DNA modifying agents, 5-azacytidine (AZA) and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), on interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene expression in the human monocyte cell lines THP-1 and U937.1. THP-1 produced IL-1 upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas U937.1 did not. Following treatment with AZA, U937.1 cells could be induced to produce IL-1 β mRNA and release IL-1, but only if a stimulus such as LPS was present. In addition, the level of IL-1 β mRNA produced and IL-1 released by THP-1 cells after induction could be doubled by treatment with AZA. In contrast, we were unable to alter IL-1 production by treatment of cells with BUdR in the absence or presence of inducers. These results suggest that the production of IL-1 may be, in part, regulated by methylation of DNA.
Partial Purification and Characterization of Formylpeptide Receptor From Rabbit Peritoneal Neutrophils
Authors: Huang Chi-Kuang 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The formylpeptide receptors from 40 × 109 cells of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils have been solubilized with digitonin and partially purified by sequential fMet-Leu-Phe-Sepharose affinity and wheat-germ agglutinin agarose affinity chromatography. The binding activity of the receptor toward [3H]fNle-Leu-Phe is difficult to restore fully after elution of the receptor from the fMet-Leu-Phe-Sepharose affinity column. A 2,000-fold purification of the receptor from the particulate fraction is achieved with a yield of about 23%. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Coomasie blue or silver staining of purified receptor preparations reveal a major polypeptide with an apparent Mr (50,000-70,000) and isoelectric points (pi 6.0 - 6.5) that coincides with the polypeptide labeled by the specific affinity cross-linking probe for formylpeptide receptor (125I-hexapeptide). The receptor has an apparent Stokes radius of 47 å when analyzed by gel filtration chromatography. Using synthetic peptides poly(Glu-Tyr) (4:1) as the substrates, a membrane-associated tyrosine protein kinase activity is detected and can be solubilized by digitonin. Subsequent analysis indicates that the tyrosine kinase activity is not derived from the receptor.
Complement Component C3 Secretion by Mouse Macrophage-Like Cell Lines
Authors: Goodrum Kenneth J 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Secretion of complement component C3 by the mouse macrophage-like cell lines PU5-1.8, J774A.1, RAW264.7, and P388D1 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for mouse C3. All cell lines secreted antigenically detectable C3 with the relative secreted C3/106 cells/24 h ranked as J774A.1 &gt; P388D1 PU5-1.8 &gt; &gt; RAW264.7.
C3 secretion was enhanced two- to fourfold in cultures of all cell lines when treated with lipopolysaccharide, streptococcal cell walls, or lymphokine-containing supernatant fluids of mitogen-stimulated spleen cells. A differential induction of C3 synthesis and secretion was indicated since secreted lysozyme and total cellular protein were not elevated in a manner comparable to C3. The relative inducibility of cell lines for C3 secretion in either lipopolysaccharide- or cell wall-treated cells could be ranked as PU5-1.8 &gt; P388D1 &gt; J774A.1 &gt; RAW264.7. C3 secretion was inhibited by cycloheximide or hydrocortisone. Mouse macrophage-like cell lines retain baseline and inducible C3 synthetic activities as do normal macrophages and can serve as homogeneous cultures in which to study regulation of complement biosynthesis.