bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailored text‐messaging versus standard Quitline telephone counselling for smoking cessation among people who smoke from a low‐socio‐economic status background in Australia: A study protocol for a non‐inferiority randomized controlled trial (The Quit By Phone Study)
Authors: Howard Bridget C. , Donnelly Sorcha , McRobbie Hayden , Barker Daniel , Petrie Dennis , Stockings Emily , Brown Jamie , Naughton Felix , Whittaker Robyn , Shakeshaft Anthony , Patel Kieran , Anderson Jack , Thomas Dennis , West Robert , Courtney Ryan J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsSignficant inequalities in tobacco smoking exist, with higher smoking rates among people from low‐socio‐economic status (low‐SES) populations. Tailored technology‐based programs for low‐SES smoking populations have the potential for high reach, but require effectiveness data from large‐scale trials. This trial among Australians who smoke from a low‐SES background will determine the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of tailored text‐message (TTM) support compared with standard Quitline (SQL) telephone support service.Design, setting and participantsThis is a two‐arm, parallel group, randomized, non‐inferiority trial with allocation concealment and blinded outcome assessment in an Australian population within the greater Sydney region in New South Wales. Participants are adults who smoke daily (n = 1246), are interested in quitting and currently receiving a government pension or allowance, and will be recruited via advertisements.Intervention and comparatorParticipants will be randomized (1:1 ratio) to receive either 12 months of TTM quit support or enrolment in SQL telephone support.MeasurementsAssessments will be completed at baseline (telephone interview), within 1 month (check‐in call), at 3 months (on‐line questionnaire) and 12 months (telephone interview) post‐randomization. The primary outcome will be 6‐month continuous abstinence verified by carbon monoxide breath test at 12‐month follow‐up. The study will test whether TTM is non‐inferior to SQL by a non‐inferiority margin of 2%, i.e. the quit rate in the TTM group will be no worse than 2% less than the quit rate in the SQL group. Secondary outcomes will include self‐reported continuous and point prevalence abstinence and acceptability and cost‐effectiveness of TTM versus SQL.ConclusionShould the tailored text‐message support prove non‐inferior and more cost‐effective than Quitline for this population, this will provide an opportunity for the upscaling of an effective, inexpensive and tailored quit support service. The trial findings will inform cessation treatment policy for priority populations in Australia and globally.
Emotion regulation and psychopathology: Investigating differential associations between emotion regulation skills and psychological symptoms using a network approach
Authors: Trautmann Sebastian , Muehlhan Markus , Berking Matthias , Miethe Sandra , Wigger Janna , Dragan Małgorzata 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesEmotion regulation plays an important role in the development and maintenance of psychopathology. However, the question whether specific ER skills are related to specific psychological symptoms has rarely been studied, but has important implications for targeted interventions. This analysis aims to explore potential differential associations between various ER skills and psychological symptoms using a network analysis approach.MethodsRoutine data from a transdiagnostic clinical sample of 716 patients (460 females, 256 males) from an outpatient clinic for psychotherapy were analysed. Nine ER skills were assessed with the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire, and nine symptom dimension scores were obtained using the Brief Symptom Inventory. A regularized partial correlation network models including ER skills and individual symptom domains were calculated. Bridge expected influence was calculated to estimate the strength of association of each ER skill with psychological symptoms.ResultsOnly the following ER skills were most strongly related to psychological symptoms (bridge expected influence): Tolerance, Confrontation and Modification. All other ER skills were indirectly connected to symptom severity through these four skills. The strongest direct edges between ER skills and symptoms were Modification—Depression, Confrontation—Obsession‐Compulsion and Tolerance—Interpersonal Sensitivity, which were significantly stronger than the vast majority of other associations between ER skills and psychological symptoms.ConclusionsThese exploratory findings provide valuable targets for future studies to investigate specific associations between ER skills and psychological symptoms which could help to improve outcome monitoring and efficacy of interventions targeting ER.
Haematological features of telomere biology disorders diagnosed in adulthood: A French nationwide study of 127 patients
Authors: Maillet François , Galimard Jacques‐Emmanuel , Borie Raphaël , Lainey Elodie , Larcher Lise , Passet Marie , Plessier Aurélie , Leblanc Thierry , Terriou Louis , Lebon Delphine , Alcazer Vincent , Cathebras Pascal , Loschi Michael , Wadih Abou‐Chahla , Marcais Ambroise , Marceau‐Renaut Alice , Couque Nathalie , Lioure Bruno , Soulier Jean , Ba Ibrahima , Socié Gérard , Peffault de Latour Regis , Kannengiesser Caroline , Sicre de Fontbrune Flore 
Published: September 2024

SummaryData on haematological features of telomere biology disorders (TBD) remain scarce. We describe haematological, extra‐haematological characteristics and prognosis of 127 genetically confirmed TBD patients diagnosed after the age of 15. Ninety‐three index cases and 34 affected relatives were included. At diagnosis of TBD, 76.3% of index cases had haematological features, half pulmonary features and a third liver features. At diagnosis, bone marrow failure (BMF) was present in 59 (46.5%), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in 22 (17.3%) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in 2 (1.6%) while 13 (10.2%) developed or worsened bone marrow involvement during follow‐up. At diagnosis, compared to MDS/AML patients, BMF patients were younger (median 23.1 years vs. 43.8, p = 0.007), and had a better outcome (4‐year overall survival 76.3% vs. 31.8%, p < 0.001). While frequencies and burden of cytogenetical and somatic mutations increased significantly in myeloid malignancies, some abnormalities were also observed in patients with normal blood counts and BMF, notably somatic spliceosome variants. Solid cancers developed in 8.7% patients, mainly human papillomavirus‐related cancers and hepatocellular carcinomas. TBD is a multiorgan progressive disease. While BMF is the main haematological disorder, high‐risk myeloid malignancies are common, and are, together with age, the only factors associated with a worse outcome.
Exploring the Impact of Math Anxiety and Task Difficulty on Pupil Dilation in Adults and Young Children
Authors: Galeano Laura , Gredebäck Gustaf 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigated the relations between self‐reported math anxiety, task difficulty, and pupil dilation in adults and very young children during math tasks of varying difficulty levels. While task difficulty significantly influenced pupillary responses in both groups, the association between self‐reported math anxiety and pupil dilation differed across age cohorts. The children exhibited resilience to the effects of math anxiety, hinting at additional influential factors such as formal math education experiences shaping their relations to mathematics and their impact on cognitive processes over time. Contrary to expectations, no significant association between self‐reported math anxiety and pupil dilation during task anticipation was found in either group. In adults, math anxiety influenced pupil dilation exclusively during the initial phase of task processing indicating heightened cognitive load, but this influence diminished during sustained task processing. Theoretical implications emphasize the need for exploring individual differences, cognitive strategies, and the developmental trajectory of math anxiety in very young children.
Latent Relations at Steady‐state with Associative Nets
Authors: Shabahang Kevin D. , Yim Hyungwook , Dennis Simon J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractModels of word meaning that exploit patterns of word usage across large text corpora to capture semantic relations, like the topic model and word2vec, condense word‐by‐context co‐occurrence statistics to induce representations that organize words along semantically relevant dimensions (e.g., synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, etc.). However, their reliance on latent representations leaves them vulnerable to interference, makes them slow learners, and commits to a dual‐systems account of episodic and semantic memory. We show how it is possible to construct the meaning of words online during retrieval to avoid these limitations. We implement a spreading activation account of word meaning in an associative net, a one‐layer highly recurrent network of associations, called a Dynamic‐Eigen‐Net, that we developed to address the limitations of earlier variants of associative nets when scaling up to deal with unstructured input domains like natural language text. We show that spreading activation using a one‐hot coded Dynamic‐Eigen‐Net outperforms the topic model and reaches similar levels of performance as word2vec when predicting human free associations and word similarity ratings. Latent Semantic Analysis vectors reached similar levels of performance when constructed by applying dimensionality reduction to the Shifted Positive Pointwise Mutual Information but showed poorer predictability for free associations when using an entropy‐based normalization. An analysis of the rate at which the Dynamic‐Eigen‐Net reaches asymptotic performance shows that it learns faster than word2vec. We argue in favor of the Dynamic‐Eigen‐Net as a fast learner, with a single‐store, that is not subject to catastrophic interference. We present it as an alternative to instance models when delegating the induction of latent relationships to process assumptions instead of assumptions about representation.
Adults Adapt to Child Speech in Causative Semantics
Authors: You Guanghao , Daum Moritz M. , Stoll Sabine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCausation is a core feature of human cognition and language. How children learn about intricate causal meanings is yet unresolved. Here, we focus on how children learn verbs that express causation. Such verbs, known as lexical causatives (e.g., break and raise), lack explicit morphosyntactic markers indicating causation, thus requiring that the child generalizes the causal meaning from the context. The language addressed to children presumably plays a crucial role in this learning process. Hence, we tested whether adults adapt their use of lexical causatives to children when talking to them in day‐to‐day interactions. We analyzed naturalistic longitudinal data from 12 children in the Manchester corpus (spanning from 20 to 36 months of age). To detect semantic generalization, we employed a network approach with semantics learned from cross‐situational contexts. Our results show an increasing trend in the expansion of causative semantics, observable in both child speech and child‐directed speech. Adults consistently maintain somewhat more intricate causative semantic networks compared to children. However, both groups display evolving patterns. Around 28–30 months of age, children undergo a reduction in the degree of causative generalization, followed by a slightly time‐lagged adjustment by adults in their speech directed to children. These findings substantiate adults' adaptation in child‐directed speech, extending to semantics. They highlight child‐directed speech as a highly adaptive and subconscious teaching tool that facilitates the dynamic processes of language acquisition.
Postoperative Fluid Accumulation is Associated With Underestimation of AKI Severity in Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kuhnert Stefan , Sommerlad Janine , Gall Henning , Weder Max M. , Wolff Matthias , Eberle Sebastian , Sander Michael , Reichert Martin , Koch Christian , Askevold Ingolf , Hecker Andreas , Padberg Winfried , Ostermann Marlies , Mehta Ravindra , Ronco Claudio , Birk Horst‐Walter , Seeger Werner , Mayer Konstantin , Hecker Matthias , Husain‐Syed Faeq 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPost‐lung transplantation (LTx) fluid accumulation can lead to dilution of serum creatinine (SCr). We hypothesized that fluid accumulation might impact the diagnosis, staging, and outcome of posttransplant acute kidney injury (AKI).MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed data from 131 adult LTx patients at a single German lung center between 2005 and 2018. We assessed the occurrence of AKI within 7 days posttransplant, both before and after SCr‐adjustment for fluid balance (FB), and investigated its impact on all‐cause mortality. Transient and persistent AKIs were defined as return to baseline kidney function or continuation of AKI beyond 72 h of onset, respectively.ResultsAKI was diagnosed in 58.8% of patients according to crude SCr values. When considering FB‐adjusted SCr values, AKI severity was underestimated in 20.6% of patients, that is, AKI was detected in an additional 6.9% of patients and led to AKI upstaging in 23.4% of cases. Patients initially underestimated but detected with AKI only after FB adjustment had higher mortality compared to those who did not meet AKI criteria (hazard ratio [HR] 2.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06, 8.36; p = 0.038). Persistent AKI was associated with higher mortality than transient AKI, regardless of using crude or adjusted SCr values (p < 0.05). Persistent AKI emerged as an independent risk factor for mortality (HR 2.35; 95% CI 1.29, 4.30; p = 0.005).ConclusionAdjusting for FB and evaluating renal recovery patterns post‐AKI may enhance the sensitivity of AKI detection. This approach could help identify patients with poor prognosis and potentially improve outcomes in lung transplant recipients.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03039959, NCT03046277.
O‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) modification: Emerging pathogenesis and a therapeutic target of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Qi Bingxue , Chen Yang , Chai Siyang , Lu Xiaodan , Kang Li 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsO‐Linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) modification, a unique post‐translational modification of proteins, is elevated in diabetic nephropathy. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which O‐GlcNAcylation of proteins contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic nephropathy, as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting O‐GlcNAc modification for its treatment.MethodsCurrent evidence in the literature was reviewed and synthesized in a narrative review.ResultsHyperglycemia increases glucose flux into the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, which activates glucosamino‐fructose aminotransferase expression and activity, leading to the production of O‐GlcNAcylation substrate UDP‐GlcNAc and an increase in protein O‐GlcNAcylation in kidney cells. Protein O‐GlcNAcylation regulates the function of kidney cells including mesangial cells, podocytes, and proximal tubular cells, and promotes renal interstitial fibrosis, resulting in kidney damage. Current treatments for diabetic nephropathy, such as sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, delay disease progression, and suppress protein O‐GlcNAcylation.ConclusionsIncreased protein O‐GlcNAcylation mediates renal cell damage and promotes renal interstitial fibrosis, leading to diabetic nephropathy. Although the full significance of inhibition of O‐GlcNAcylation is not yet understood, it may represent a novel target for treating diabetic nephropathy.
Weak Local Adaptation to Climate in Seedlings of a Deciduous Conifer Suggests Limited Benefits and Risks of Assisted Gene Flow
Authors: Roskilly Beth , Aitken Sally 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAssisted migration provides a potential solution to mitigate the increasing risks of forest maladaptation under climate change. Western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) is a deciduous conifer species undergoing assisted migration beyond its natural range in British Columbia into areas that have become suitable based on climatic niche modelling. We established a seedling common garden experiment in raised beds in a warm location outside the natural range for three growing seasons, with 52 natural populations from across the species range and 28 selectively bred families from British Columbia. Intraspecific genetic variation in growth, phenology and cold hardiness was analyzed to test for signals of local adaptation and the effects of selective breeding to better understand the implications for assisted migration and breeding for future climates. We found weak differentiation among populations in all traits, with the proportion of additive genetic variance (QST) ranging from 0.10 to 0.28. Cold hardiness had the weakest population differentiation and exhibited no clines with geographic or climatic variables. Selective breeding for faster growth has maintained genetic variation in bud flush phenology and cold hardiness despite delaying bud set. The weak signals of local adaptation we found in western larch seedlings highlights that assisted gene flow among populations is likely to have limited benefits and risks for mitigating maladaptation with climate change. Our findings suggest that assisted migration outside of the range and selective breeding may be important management strategies for western larch for future climates.
Enzymatic hydrolysis and biological activities of Konjac glucomannan hydrolysate in different degree of polymerisation
Authors: Pomsang Pachara , Ayuni Dwi , Phumsombat Putthapong , Eugelio Fabiola , Fanti Federico , Compagnone Dario , Borompichaichartkul Chaleeda 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe study explores the enhanced functional and bioactive properties of Konjac Glucomannan Hydrolysate (KGMH) by partially degrading Konjac Glucomannan (KGM) using β‐mannanase over 60 min. KGM concentrations (40% and 50% w/w) were treated with 200–300 U g−1 of the enzyme over 60 min. The hydrolysis of KGM was monitored by colorimetry, with DP values ranging from 4.20 to 6.16 for 40% KGM and 4.10 to 4.60 for 50% KGM. MALDI‐TOF‐MS analysis confirmed typical oligosaccharides with DP values from 2 to 9 and some acetyl substitutions. The optimal conditions of 40% KGM with 250 U g−1 enzyme and varying hydrolysis times produced KGMHs with a wide range of DPs, demonstrating in vitro antioxidant and anti‐glycation activities. The results showed significant bioactivities (P < 0.05) positively correlated with lower DP values. This study emphasises the potential of KGMH as a novel functional food ingredient, highlighting its bioactive properties and the significant impact of DPs on the biological functionality of saccharides.
Effect of enzymes on baking quality of wheat dough and storage quality of toast bread
Authors: Yin Liwen , Wei Yanmei , Wu Wendi , Peng Yuxue , Ding Wenping , Xiao Shensheng , He Binbin , Wang Xuedong , Wu Yan 
Published: September 2024

SummaryToast is a nutrient‐rich consumer staple with a unique taste. However, retrogradation affects its storage quality and shelf life. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of enzymes on the baking quality of wheat dough and the storage quality of baked bread. Fungal α‐amylase (FAM), lipase (LIP), and maltose amylase (MAM) were added to wheat dough under quadruple fermentation to evaluate their effects on the quality of wheat dough and toasted bread during storage. FAM reduced the water absorption and stability of wheat flour, whereas LIP and MAM improved its properties. Moreover, all three enzymes increased the fermentation height and gas‐holding capacity of the dough, resulting in toast with a larger specific volume and low hardness. Toast containing 15 mg kg−1 MAM had the highest number of air holes and the best elasticity. Furthermore, 9 mg kg−1 FAM, 45 mg kg−1 LIP, and 15 mg kg−1 MAM retarded the retrogradation of toast during storage, reduced its hardness, and decreased the short‐range order and relative crystallinity. These findings indicate that enzymes can delay retrogradation in toast to extend its shelf life. These results further suggest that enzymes inhibit recrystallisation to delay toast ageing. Thus, this study provides theoretical references for the practical application of enzymes in bakery products.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on the dependence structure and risk spillovers in global stock markets
Authors: Zhao Mingguo , Park Hail 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study employs the MS‐GARCH‐EVT‐vine copula model to examine changes in the dependence structure and risk spillovers among global stock markets during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our results indicate that the dependence structure of global stock markets exhibits intercontinental clustering characteristics. Specifically, the Hong Kong, French and US stock markets serve as the central nodes in the Asia‐Pacific, European and American regions, respectively. Furthermore, the COVID‐19 pandemic has reduced the number of stock markets directly linked to central nodes and exacerbated the synchronized decline in global stock markets. Additionally, the COVID‐19 pandemic has increased risk spillovers among global stock markets outside China, altering the direction of intercontinental risk contagion. These findings are significant for policy makers to prevent cross‐border risk spillovers and for investors to enhance their risk management strategies.
Unravelling Morpho‐Physiological Mechanism and Candidate Genes Associated With Salinity Tolerance in Superior Haplotypes of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Singh Sonia , Yadav Shashank Kumar , Arya Sunder Singh , Jacob Sherry R. , Gautam Raj Kumar , Singh Gyanendra Pratap , Kaur Vikender 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe lack of suitable genetic resources for saline regions and the complexity of the traits involved impede the progress in crop breeding for salt tolerance. The present investigation was carried out using 27 diverse barley genotypes chosen based on the assessment of salt tolerance potential within the barley mini‐core collection at the National Genebank of India. The genotypes were exposed to salinity stress (200 mM NaCl) and were examined for morpho‐agronomic, physiological traits and salt uptake parameters. Exposure to salt stress resulted in a significant decline in all parameters ranging from 5.94% in relative water content to 80.04% in shoot K+/Na+ ratio compared to the control in the evaluated accessions. Moreover, the grain yield and its key attribute hundred‐grain weight decreased substantially by 65.35% and 48.62%, respectively, under saline treatment. The majority of the resilient accessions managed to uphold a higher K+/Na+ ratio ranging from 0.51 in EC0578359 to 1.19 EC0578251 in contrast to vulnerable germplasm (<0.56) under saline circumstances. The analysis of haplotype variants disclosed allelic diversity linked with two promising candidate genes, HVA1 and HvHKT2, recognised for conferring salt tolerance. Examination of nucleotide sequences revealed that the HVA1 remained considerably conserved among the evaluated genotypes as the majority of the SNPs (single‐nucleotide polymorphisms) were synonymous. Conversely, for HvHKT2, a significant level of genetic variation led to the identification of two primary haplotypic clusters—Hap1 associated with sensitivity to salinity and Hap2 linked with tolerant traits. Hap2 predominantly consisted of In/Dels which caused a modification in the overall protein length alongside the phospho‐variant allelic form of the HKT2 gene, further enhancing the biological specificity and functional stress response in a spatiotemporal fashion. These haplotype clusters correlated with favourable traits could be utilised for trait integration into breeding populations, thereby expediting the enhancement of superior salt‐tolerant barley cultivars.