bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharp Senses for Industrial Drones
Authors: Thümer Dirk 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also called drones, are going to be a big thing. Between drones for military reconnaissance and combat and the booming toy multicopter market there is a broad range of commercial UAV applications. A decisive factor for the quality and application possibilities of these drones is the built‐in sensor technology and thus the know‐how of specialists.
Small steps make meaningful change in transforming urban schools
Authors: Miranda Antoinette Halsell , Radliff Kisha M. , Della Flora Olympia A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUrban schools in the United States are generally viewed as having greater challenges than their suburban and rural counterparts. Most notably, they often have lower academic achievement and much of the educational reform movement has been aimed at urban schools in an attempt to close the achievement gap. Although much of the focus in recent years has been on the academic achievement gap, increasing focus is on mental health needs of students, especially urban students who often lack access to quality mental health care. Partnerships with outside agencies can provide urban schools with professionals to assist in addressing the mental health needs of students. A framework for developing sustainable community– and university–school partnerships, critical elements of systems level change to address achievement and behavioral gaps, and strategies for implementing school‐wide mental health supports are detailed with one inner city elementary school partnering with a local university.
Mass Spectrometry Analyses of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids
Authors: Acland Mitchell , Mittal Parul , Lokman Noor A. , Klingler‐Hoffmann Manuela , Oehler Martin K. , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMulticellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) are a powerful biological in vitro model, which closely mimics the 3D structure of primary avascularized tumors. Mass spectrometry (MS) has established itself as a powerful analytical tool, not only to better understand and describe the complex structure of MCTS, but also to monitor their response to cancer therapeutics. The first part of this review focuses on traditional mass spectrometry approaches with an emphasis on elucidating the molecular characteristics of these structures. Then the mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) approaches used to obtain spatially defined information from MCTS is described. Finally the analysis of primary spheroids, such as those present in ovarian cancer, and the great potential that mass spectrometry analysis of these structures has for improved understanding of cancer progression and for personalized in vitro therapeutic testing is discussed.
Candidate diagnostic miRNAs that can detect cancer in prostate biopsy
Authors: Paziewska Agnieszka , Mikula Michal , Dabrowska Michalina , Kulecka Maria , Goryca Krzysztof , Antoniewicz Artur , Dobruch Jakub , Borowka Andrzej , Rutkowski Piotr , Ostrowski Jerzy 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundWhile histopathological evaluation remains the gold standard for diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), sampling errors remain a frequent problem; therefore, use of tissue biomarkers that can distinguish between benign and malignant prostate disease is a potentially beneficial diagnostic strategy.MethodsDeep sequencing of the miRNA transcriptome of 14 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 60 cancerous and non‐cancerous prostate samples extracted from 34 cancer‐bearing prostates removed by prostatectomy was performed; of the latter 60 samples, 16, 21, and 23 samples contained <10%, >30%, and no dysplastic cells, respectively. The predictive value of selected miRNAs was then tested by quantitative reverse‐transcribed PCR (qRT‐PCR), using two separate chemistries, Exiqon and Taqman, to evaluate the tissue samples obtained by prostatectomy. Validation experiments were also performed for a subset of miRNAs by qRT‐PCR of 87 prostate core biopsies.ResultsWe identified 123 miRNAs significantly dysregulated in PCa (adjusted P‐values <0.05); 110 and 13 miRNAs were dysregulated only in cancerous samples and non‐cancerous samples extracted from cancer‐bearing prostates, respectively, while 31 were dysregulated regardless of the dysplastic cell content of the studied specimens. The clinical utility of eight selected miRNAs was analyzed using the same sample set with two qRT‐PCR chemistries. Measurable qRT‐PCR signals were obtained for seven and six miRNAs using the Exiqon and Taqman chemistries, respectively, and expression levels of six and four of these miRNAs differed significantly between BPH and PCa samples, regardless of dysplastic cell content. Validation experiments on core biopsies using qRT‐PCR confirmed differential expression between BPH and PCa of four miRNAs (miR‐187‐3p, miR‐183‐5p, miR‐32‐5p, and miR‐141‐5p) using the Exiqon and one miRNA (miR‐187‐3p) with the Taqman chemistry.ConclusionsOur sequencing analyses identified several candidate diagnostic miRNAs and confirmed some which have previously been reported as diagnostic in prostate malignancy. The results of this study suggest also that some of selected miRNAs can differentiate between non‐malignant and malignant prostates even when neoplastic cells are missing from the studied specimen.
Orange Peel Derived Activated Carbon for Fabrication of High‐Energy and High‐Rate Supercapacitors
Authors: Subramani Kaipannan , Sudhan Nagarajan , Karnan Manickavasakam , Sathish Marappan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOwing to our inevitable energy necessity, alternate energy resources have to be implemented in our energy storage systems to enervate the energy demands. On the consideration of the above statement, activated high surface area three‐dimensional (3D) nanoporous carbon derived from the orange peel bio‐waste has been studied for symmetric flexible and bendable solid state supercapacitor (SSC) with high energy density. The nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms revealed that the activated nano‐porous carbon exhibits a high specific surface area and average pore volume of 2160 m2/g and 0.779 cc/g with the uniform meso and microporous network. The fabricated symmetric cell using the activated porous carbon in aqueous electrolyte exhibits a high specific capacitance of 460 F/g at 1 A/g with an excellent electrochemical stability of 98% for 10000 cycles and virtuous rate performance at higher current densities. The fabricated aqueous symmetric device exhibits a high energy density and power density of 12 Wh/kg and 32.8 kW/kg, respectively. Similarly, the symmetric device in ionic liquid electrolyte shows a high cell voltage of 3 V and high energy and power density of 43 Wh/kg and 1185 W/kg, respectively. Also, fabricated all‐solid‐state flexible supercapacitor device exhibits a high energy and power density of 11.4 Wh/kg and 6.6 kW/kg, respectively. The flexible supercapacitor device was shown to light up a red light emitting diode (LED) for more than three minutes.
Innovative Sol‐Gel Routes for the Bottom‐Up Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Debecker Damien P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHeterogeneous catalysts can be prepared by different methods offering various levels of control on the final properties of the solid. In this account, we exemplify bottom‐up preparation routes that are based on the sol‐gel chemistry and allow to tailor some decisive properties of solid catalysts. First, an emulsion templating strategy is shown to lead to macrocellular self‐standing monoliths with a macroscopic 3D structure. The latter can be used as catalyst or catalyst supports in flow chemistry, without requiring any subsequent shaping step. Second, the aerosol‐assisted sol‐gel process allows for the one‐step and continuous production of porous mixed oxides. Tailored textural properties can be obtained together with an excellent control on composition and homogeneity. Third, the application of non‐hydrolytic sol‐gel routes, in the absence of water, leads to mixed oxides with outstanding textural properties and with peculiar surface chemistry. In all cases, the resulting catalytic performance can be correlated with the specificities of the preparation routes presented. This is exemplified in catalytic reactions in the fields of biomass conversion, petro chemistry, enantioselective organic synthesis, and air pollution mitigation.
Are statins beneficial for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension?
Authors: Wang Lei , Yang Ting , Wang Chen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition characterized by vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling with a poor prognosis. The current medical treatments available are supportive care therapy and pulmonary vascular‐targeted therapy. Targeted treatments for PH include prostacyclin analogs, endothelin receptor antagonists, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors; however, these treatments cannot reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling. Recently, many novel treatment options involving drugs such as statins have been emerging. In this review, we attempt to summarize the current knowledge of the role of statins in PH treatment and their potential clinical effects. Many basic researches have proved that statins can be helpful for the treatment of PH bothin vitroand in experimental models. The main mechanisms underlying the effects of statins are restoration of endothelial function, attenuation of pulmonary vascular remodeling, regulation of gene expression, regulation of intracellular signaling processes involved in PH, anti‐inflammatory responses, and synergy with other targeted drugs. Nevertheless, clinical researches, especially randomized controlled trials for PH are rare. The current clinical researches show contrasting results on the clinical effects of statins in patients with PH. Carefully designed randomized, controlled trials are needed to test the safety and efficacy of statins for PH treatment.
Labyrinthine and secondary wave instabilities of a miscible magnetic fluid drop in a Hele-Shaw cell
Authors: Li Huanhao , Kao Chun-Yi , Wen Chih-Yung 
Published: December 2017

A comprehensive experimental study is presented to analyse the instabilities of a magnetic fluid drop surrounded by miscible fluid confined in a Hele-Shaw cell. The experimental conditions include different magnetic fields (by varying the maximum pre-set magnetic field strengths,$H$, and sweep rates,$SR=\text{d}H_{t}/\text{d}t$, where$H_{t}$is the instant magnetic field strength), gap spans,$h$, and magnetic fluid samples, and are further coupled into a modified Péclect number$Pe^{\prime }$to evaluate the instabilities. Two distinct instabilities are induced by the external magnetic fields with different sweep rates: (i) a labyrinthine fingering instability, where small fingerings emerge around the initial circular interface in the early period, and (ii) secondary waves in the later period. Based on 81 sets of experimental conditions, the initial growth rate of the interfacial length,$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$, of the magnetic drop is found to increase linearly with$Pe^{\prime }$, indicating that$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$is proportional to the square root of the$SR$and$h^{3/2}$at the onset of the labyrinthine instability. In addition, secondary waves, which are characterised by the dimensionless wavelength$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}/h$, can only be triggered when the three-dimensional magnetic microconvection is strong enough to make$Pe^{\prime }$exceed a critical value, i.e.$Pe^{\prime }>19\,000$, where$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$is the wavelength of the secondary wave. In this flow regime of high$Pe^{\prime }$, the length scale of the secondary wave instability is found to be$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}=7\pm 1$, corresponding to the Stokes regime; meanwhile, in the flow regime of low$Pe^{\prime }$, the flow corresponds to the Hele-Shaw regime introduced by Fernandezet al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 451, 2002, pp. 239–260).
Transition to turbulence in the rotating-disk boundary-layer flow with stationary vortices
Authors: Appelquist E. , Schlatter P. , Alfredsson P. H. , Lingwood R. J. 
Published: December 2017

This paper proposes a resolution to the conundrum of the roles of convective and absolute instability in transition of the rotating-disk boundary layer. It also draws some comparison with swept-wing flows. Direct numerical simulations based on the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations of the flow over the surface of a rotating disk with modelled roughness elements are presented. The rotating-disk flow has been of particular interest for stability and transition research since the work by Lingwood (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 299, 1995, pp. 17–33) where an absolute instability was found. Here stationary disturbances develop from roughness elements on the disk and are followed from the linear stage, growing to saturation and finally transitioning to turbulence. Several simulations are presented with varying disturbance amplitudes. The lowest amplitude corresponds approximately to the experiment by Imayama et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 745, 2014a, pp. 132–163). For all cases, the primary instability was found to be convectively unstable, and secondary modes were found to be triggered spontaneously while the flow was developing. The secondary modes further stayed within the domain, and an explanation for this is a proposed globally unstable secondary instability. For the low-amplitude roughness cases, the disturbances propagate beyond the threshold for secondary global instability before becoming turbulent, and for the high-amplitude roughness cases the transition scenario gives a turbulent flow directly at the critical Reynolds number for the secondary global instability. These results correspond to the theory of Pier (J. Engng Maths, vol. 57, 2007, pp. 237–251) predicting a secondary absolute instability. In our simulations, high temporal frequencies were found to grow with a large amplification rate where the secondary global instability occurred. For smaller radial positions, low-frequency secondary instabilities were observed, tripped by the global instability.
Joint associations of dietary pattern and television viewing with CVD risk factors among urban men and women in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ye Qing , Hong Xin , Wang Zhiyong , Qin Zhenzhen , Li Chao , Lai Yichao , Xu Fei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the joint associations of dietary pattern and television viewing with risk factors of CVD among urban adults in China. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among urban adults in Nanjing, China. Five dietary patterns were identified based on a FFQ. Television time was obtained from a standard questionnaire and further classified into two categories (≤7, >7 h/week). Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate the OR and 95 % CI for the separate and joint associations of dietary patterns and television viewing with CVD risk factors. Compared with other dietary patterns, participants who followed the healthy traditional pattern had a lower likelihood of abdominal obesity (AO) (OR 0·52; 95 % CI 0·41, 0·67). Participants watching television no more than 7 h/week presented a 19 and 21 % lower likelihood for hypertension (HT) and elevated total cholesterol (ETC) than those with television time >7 h/week. Individuals who had less television time and a healthy dietary pattern had a lower OR for the presence of AO (OR 0·48; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·65), HT (OR 0·71; 95 % CI 0·66, 0·77), ETC (OR 0·72; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·91) and elevated TAG (OR 0·76; 95 % CI 0·61, 0·95), compared with those who followed other dietary patterns and television time >7 h/week. In conclusion, both healthy traditional pattern and less television time are jointly associated with reduced levels of CVD risk factors. It has important public health implications regarding the precision prevention of CVD at population level.
A systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures in paediatric otolaryngology
Authors: Powell J , Powell S , Robson A 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground:Recently, there has been increased emphasis on the development and application of patient-reported outcome measures. This drive to assess the impact of illness or interventions, from the patient's perspective, has resulted in a greater number of available questionnaires. The importance of selecting an appropriate patient-reported outcome measure is specifically emphasised in the paediatric population. The literature on patient-reported outcome measures used in paediatric otolaryngology was reviewed.Methods:A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the databases Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PsycInfo, using the terms: ‘health assessment questionnaire’, ‘structured questionnaire’, ‘questionnaire’, ‘patient reported outcome measures’, ‘PROM’, ‘quality of life’ or ‘survey’, and ‘children’ or ‘otolaryngology’. The search was limited to English-language articles published between 1996 and 2016.Results:The search yielded 656 articles, of which 63 were considered relevant. This included general paediatric patient-reported outcome measures applied to otolaryngology, and paediatric otolaryngology disease-specific patient-reported outcome measures.Conclusion:A large collection of patient-reported outcome measures are described in the paediatric otolaryngology literature. Greater standardisation of the patient-reported outcome measures used in paediatric otolaryngology would assist in pooling of data and increase the validation of tools used.
Creating an integrated protected area network in Chile: A GIS assessment of ecoregion representation and the role of private protected areas
Authors: SCHUTZ JESSICA 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYNational protected areas (NPAs) often exhibit biodiversity representation bias, do not adequately protect priority conservation areas (PCAs), and fail to meet conservation goals. Protected area (PA) discourse assumes private PAs (PPAs) are more systematically established than NPAs. The Chilean conservation community has proposed an integrated national–private PA network (IPAN) so PPA benefits can remedy NPA shortcomings. However, there has been no recent assessment of Chilean PPA ecoregion representation or data to support the usefulness of spending valuable resources creating an IPAN. Using the most recent Chilean private and national PA data, this study conducted a terrestrial ecoregion gap analysis under two scenarios. Scenario 1 assessed NPAs and nature sanctuaries. Scenario 2 assessed the IPAN. Both scenarios showed representation bias and failure to adequately protect PCAs or meet conservation goals. The IPAN fell short of expectations because PPAs exhibited bias similar to NPAs. The findings refute PA discourse by upending traditional beliefs regarding PPA effectiveness, and they identify a need to more critically assess the benefits of PPAs and IPANs on a country-by-country basis.
Multimedia listening comprehension: Metacognitive instruction or metacognitive instruction through dialogic interaction
Authors: Bozorgian Hossein , Fakhri Alamdari Ebrahim 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study is an attempt to investigate the effect of metacognitive instruction through dialogic interaction in a joint activity on advanced Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ multimedia listening and their metacognitive awareness in listening comprehension. The data were collected through (N=180) male and female Iranian advanced learners ranging from 16 to 24 years of age in three groups. The first two groups were experimental (n=60), trained through a structured intervention program focusing on metacognitive instruction through dialogic interaction (MIDI) and metacognitive instruction (MI) for 10 sessions. The learners in the experimental group were involved in 60 minutes of practice twice a week. The third group was a control group (n=60), trained through regular classroom listening activities without receiving the structured intervention program. Multimedia listening tests and the Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ) were used to track the advanced learners’ multimedia listening comprehension and metacognitive awareness. The results showed that metacognitive instruction through dialogic interaction did improve both the advanced learners’ multimedia listening comprehension and their metacognitive awareness in listening.
Lipidomics Reveals Cerebrospinal-Fluid Signatures of ALS
Authors: Blasco H. , Veyrat-Durebex C. , Bocca C. , Patin F. , Vourc’h P. , Kouassi Nzoughet J. , Lenaers G. , Andres C. R. , Simard G. , Corcia P. , Reynier P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the commonest adult-onset motor neuron disorder, is characterized by a survival span of only 2–5 years after onset. Relevant biomarkers or specific metabolic signatures would provide powerful tools for the management of ALS. The main objective of this study was to investigate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipidomic signature of ALS patients by mass spectrometry to evaluate the diagnostic and predictive values of the profile. We showed that ALS patients (n = 40) displayed a highly significant specific CSF lipidomic signature compared to controls (n = 45). Phosphatidylcholine PC(36:4), higher in ALS patients (p = 0.0003) was the most discriminant molecule, and ceramides and glucosylceramides were also highly relevant. Analysis of targeted lipids in the brain cortex of ALS model mice confirmed the role of some discriminant lipids such as PC. We also obtained good models for predicting the variation of the ALSFRS-r score from the lipidome baseline, with an accuracy of 71% in an independent set of patients. Significant predictions of clinical evolution were found to be correlated to sphingomyelins and triglycerides with long-chain fatty acids. Our study, which shows extensive lipid remodelling in the CSF of ALS patients, provides a new metabolic signature of the disease and its evolution with good predictive performance.
Computer-Aided Nodule Assessment and Risk Yield (CANARY) may facilitate non-invasive prediction of EGFR mutation status in lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Clay Ryan , Kipp Benjamin R. , Jenkins Sarah , Karwoski Ron A. , Maldonado Fabien , Rajagopalan Srinivasan , Voss Jesse S. , Bartholmai Brian J. , Aubry Marie Christine , Peikert Tobias 
Published: December 2017

AbstractComputer-Aided Nodule Assessment and Risk Yield (CANARY) is quantitative imaging analysis software that predicts the histopathological classification and post-treatment disease-free survival of patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung. CANARY characterizes nodules by the distribution of nine color-coded texture-based exemplars. We hypothesize that quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis of the tumor and tumor-free surrounding lung facilitates non-invasive identification of clinically-relevant mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. Comprehensive analysis of targetable mutations (50-gene-panel) and CANARY analysis of the preoperative (≤3 months) high resolution CT (HRCT) was performed for 118 pulmonary nodules of the adenocarcinoma spectrum surgically resected between 2006–2010. Logistic regression with stepwise variable selection was used to determine predictors of mutations. We identified 140 mutations in 106 of 118 nodules. TP53 (n = 48), KRAS (n = 47) and EGFR (n = 15) were the most prevalent. The combination of Y (Yellow) and G (Green) exemplars, fibrosis within the surrounding lung and smoking status were the best discriminators for an EGFR mutation (AUC 0.77 and 0.87, respectively). None of the EGFR mutants expressing TP53 (n = 5) had a good prognosis based on CANARY features. No quantitative features were significantly associated with KRAS mutations. Our exploratory analysis indicates that quantitative CT analysis of a nodule and surrounding lung may noninvasively predict the presence of EGFR mutations in pulmonary nodules of the adenocarcinoma spectrum.