bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication adherence and glycemic control among newly diagnosed diabetes patients
Authors: Lin Lee-Kai , Sun Yan , Heng Bee Hoon , Chew Daniel Ek Kwang , Chong Phui-Nah 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPoor medication adherence can have negative consequences for the patients, the provider, the physician, and the sustainability of the healthcare system. To our knowledge, the association between medication adherence and glycemic control among newly diagnosed diabetes patients has not been studied. This study aims to bridge the gap.MethodThis is a retrospective cohort study of 2463 patients managed in the National Healthcare Group in Singapore with newly diagnosed diabetes. Patients were followed up for the first two years from their first medication dispensed for measuring medication adherence, proportion of days covered (PDC); and for another three years for investigating outcomes of glycemic control, emergency department visit, and hospitalization. Multivariable regressions were performed to study the association between medication adherence and the outcomes as well as the risk factors of poor adherence.ResultsThe prevalence of medication adherence (PDC≥80%) was 65.0% (95% CI 63.1% to 66.9%) among newly diagnosed diabetes patients in Singapore. Male, Indian, or patients without hypertension or dyslipidemia were associated with poorer medication adherence. The HbA1c level of poor adherent patients (PDC <40%) increased by 0.4 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.5) over the two years, and they were also more likely to have hospitalization (OR 2.6,95% CI 1.7 to 3.8) or emergency department visit (OR 2.4,95% CI 1.7 to 3.4) compared with the fully adherent patients (PDC=100%).ConclusionsThe medication adherence in the early stage of diabetes is important for maximizing the effectiveness of pharmaceutical therapy. Health policies or interventions targeting the improvement of medication adherence among newly diagnosed diabetes patients are in need.
Tablet technology in medical education in South Africa: a mixed methods study
Authors: Lazarus L , Sookrajh R , Satyapal K S 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to establish the use of mobile devices by learners at a selected medical school. Distribution of mobile devices was an inaugural initiative implemented by our college.DesignA mixed methodology design using a questionnaire comprising both open-ended and close-ended questions was analysed from 179 (60 male; 119 female) second year medical students registered for the Anatomy course. Open-ended questions were analysed using a thematic approach by identifying emergent ideas and concepts. Close-ended questions were analysed using SPSS V.21.0.Setting and participantsSecond year medical students at a medical school in South Africa.ResultsThree main themes emerged, namely, (a) mobile device engagement, (b) advantages and (c) challenges affecting use of mobile devices. A majority of learners accessed their tablets for lecture notes; more females were inclined to access these devices than males. Challenges experienced included poor wifi connectivity on and off the university campus; some students were not keen on the idea of mobile devices and preferred traditional methods of teaching.ConclusionsMobile devices have been adopted by learners at our university. Uses of technology outlined are related to Eraut's intentions of informal learning. Integrating tablets into classes had a positive effect on student access to course material.
PIM-Check: development of an international prescription-screening checklist designed by a Delphi method for internal medicine patients
Authors: Desnoyer Aude , Blanc Anne-Laure , Pourcher Valérie , Besson Marie , Fonzo-Christe Caroline , Desmeules Jules , Perrier Arnaud , Bonnabry Pascal , Samer Caroline , Guignard Bertrand 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesPotentially inappropriate medication (PIM) occurs frequently and is a well-known risk factor for adverse drug events, but its incidence is underestimated in internal medicine. The objective of this study was to develop an electronic prescription-screening checklist to assist residents and young healthcare professionals in PIM detection.DesignFive-step study involving selection of medical domains, literature review and 17 semistructured interviews, a two-round Delphi survey, a forward/back-translation process and an electronic tool development.Setting22 University and general hospitals from Canada, Belgium, France and Switzerland.Participants40 physicians and 25 clinical pharmacists were involved in the study.Agreement with the checklist statements and their usefulness for healthcare professional training were evaluated using two 6-point Likert scales (ranging from 0 to 5).Primary and secondary outcome measuresAgreement and usefulness ratings were defined as: >65% of the experts giving the statement a rating of 4 or 5, during the first Delphi-round and >75% during the second.Results166 statements were generated during the first two steps. Mean agreement and usefulness ratings were 4.32/5 (95% CI 4.28 to 4.36) and 4.11/5 (4.07 to 4.15), respectively, during the first Delphi-round and 4.53/5 (4.51 to 4.56) and 4.36/5 (4.33 to 4.39) during the second (p<0.001). The final checklist includes 160 statements in 17 medical domains and 56 pathologies. An algorithm of approximately 31 000 lines was developed including comorbidities and medications variables to create the electronic tool.ConclusionPIM-Check is the first electronic prescription-screening checklist designed to detect PIM in internal medicine. It is intended to help young healthcare professionals in their clinical practice to detect PIM, to reduce medication errors and to improve patient safety.
Non-pharmacological interventions for management of fatigue among children with cancer: systematic review of existing practices and their effectiveness
Authors: Bhardwaj Tushti , Koffman Jonathan 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesFatigue is common among children living with cancer, particularly in advance stages. Little is known about the effectiveness of non-pharmacological approaches to manage this complex and distressing symptom among children. Thus, the present paper aim to critically examine the effectiveness and setting for non-pharmacological interventions to manage fatigue among children with cancer.MethodsSix electronic databases were screened first in February 2013 and at second instance in March 2015. They include PsycINFO, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and Cochrane library. All databases were systematically searched for literature on fatigue and cancer, limited to children (as age group) and English language.Results1498 articles were identified, of which six were reviewed. Three types of interventions for managing fatigue were identified including (1) complementary and alternative medicine (healing touch/massage therapy), (2) exercise-based interventions and (3) nursing-based interventions. Most interventions were delivered during active treatment and in hospital settings where parents were involved to optimise participation. Despite fatigue scores being lower among intervention groups, no study findings were observed as being statistically significant.ConclusionFatigue is common among children treated for and living with cancer. The most appropriate setting to deliver non-pharmacological interventions to manage fatigue appears to be in hospital. However, in absence of any strong evidence, professionals need to be cautious about existing non-pharmacological interventions. Future research must adopt more rigorous research designs that are adequately powered using validated measures to identify potential benefits. In addition, researchers may wish to test psychosocial interventions shown to be of benefit in adults.
Electronic and optical properties of GaN under pressure: DFT calculations
Authors: Javaheri Sahar , Boochani Arash , Babaeipour Manuchehr , Naderi Sirvan 
Published: August 2017

Optical and electronic properties of ZB, RS and WZ structures of gallium nitride (GaN) are studied in equilibrium and under pressure using the first-principles calculation in the density functional theory (DFT) framework to obtain quantities like dielectric function, loss function, reflectance and absorption spectra, refractive index and their relation parameters. The electronic properties are studied using EV-GGA and GGA approximations and the results calculated by EV-GGA approximation were found to be much closer to the experimental results. The interband electron transitions are studied using the band structure and electron transition peaks in the imaginary part of the dielectric function; these transitions occur in three structures from N-2p orbital to Ga-4s and Ga-4p orbitals in the conduction band. Different optical properties of WZ structure were calculated in two polarization directions of (100) and (001) and the results were close to each other. Plasmon energy corresponding to the main peak of the energy-loss function in RS with the value of 26 eV was the highest one, which increased under pressure. In general, RS shows more different properties than WZ and ZB.
Dual Targeting of Insulin Receptor and KIT in Imatinib-Resistant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Chen Weicai , Kuang Ye , Qiu Hai-Bo , Cao Zhifa , Tu Yuqing , Sheng Qing , Eilers Grant , He Quan , Li Hai-Long , Zhu Meijun , Wang Yuexiang , Zhang Rongqing , Wu Yeqing , Meng Fanguo , Fletcher Jonathan A. , Ou Wen-Bin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Oncogenic KIT or PDGFRA receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) mutations are compelling therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), and treatment with the KIT/PDGFRA inhibitor imatinib is the standard of care for patients with metastatic GIST. Most GISTs eventually acquire imatinib resistance due to secondary mutations in the KIT kinase domain, but it is unclear whether these genomic resistance mechanisms require other cellular adaptations to create a clinically meaningful imatinib-resistant state. Using phospho-RTK and immunoblot assays, we demonstrate activation of KIT and insulin receptor (IR) in imatinib-resistant GIST cell lines (GIST430 and GIST48) and biopsies with acquisition of KIT secondary mutations, but not in imatinib-sensitive GIST cells (GIST882 and GIST-T1). Treatment with linsitinib, a specific IR inhibitor, inhibited IR and downstream intermediates AKT, MAPK, and S6 in GIST430 and GIST48, but not in GIST882, exerting minimal effect on KIT phosphorylation in these cell lines. Additive effects showing increased apoptosis, antiproliferative effects, cell-cycle arrest, and decreased pAKT and pS6 expression, tumor growth, migration, and invasiveness were observed in imatinib-resistant GIST cells with IR activation after coordinated inhibition of IR and KIT by linsitinib (or IR shRNA) and imatinib, respectively, compared with either intervention alone. IGF2 overexpression was responsible for IR activation in imatinib-resistant GIST cells, whereas IR activation did not result from IR amplification, IR mutation, or KIT phosphorylation. Our findings suggest that combinatorial inhibition of IR and KIT warrants clinical evaluation as a novel therapeutic strategy in imatinib-resistant GISTs. Cancer Res; 77(18); 5107–17. ©2017 AACR.
FBW7 Loss Promotes Chromosomal Instability and Tumorigenesis via Cyclin E1/CDK2–Mediated Phosphorylation of CENP-A
Authors: Takada Mamoru , Zhang Weiguo , Suzuki Aussie , Kuroda Taruho S. , Yu Zhouliang , Inuzuka Hiroyuki , Gao Daming , Wan Lixin , Zhuang Ming , Hu Lianxin , Zhai Bo , Fry Christopher J. , Bloom Kerry , Li Guohong , Karpen Gary H. , Wei Wenyi , Zhang Qing 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The centromere regulates proper chromosome segregation, and its dysfunction is implicated in chromosomal instability (CIN). However, relatively little is known about how centromere dysfunction occurs in cancer. Here, we define the consequences of phosphorylation by cyclin E1/CDK2 on a conserved Ser18 residue of centromere-associated protein CENP-A, an essential histone H3 variant that specifies centromere identity. Ser18 hyperphosphorylation in cells occurred upon loss of FBW7, a tumor suppressor whose inactivation leads to CIN. This event on CENP-A reduced its centromeric localization, increased CIN, and promoted anchorage-independent growth and xenograft tumor formation. Overall, our results revealed a pathway that cyclin E1/CDK2 activation coupled with FBW7 loss promotes CIN and tumor progression via CENP-A–mediated centromere dysfunction. Cancer Res; 77(18); 4881–93. ©2017 AACR.
Lack of Association for Reported Endocrine Pancreatic Cancer Risk Loci in the PANDoRA Consortium
Authors: Campa Daniele , Obazee Ofure , Pastore Manuela , Panzuto Francesco , Liço Valbona , Greenhalf William , Katzke Verena , Tavano Francesca , Costello Eithne , Corbo Vincenzo , Talar-Wojnarowska Renata , Strobel Oliver , Zambon Carlo Federico , Neoptolemos John P. , Zerboni Giulia , Kaaks Rudolf , Key Timothy J. , Lombardo Carlo , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Gioffreda Domenica , Hackert Thilo , Khaw Kay-Tee , Landi Stefano , Milanetto Anna Caterina , Landoni Luca , Lawlor Rita T. , Bambi Franco , Pirozzi Felice , Basso Daniela , Pasquali Claudio , Capurso Gabriele , Canzian Federico 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are rare neoplasms for which very little is known about either environmental or genetic risk factors. Only a handful of association studies have been performed so far, suggesting a small number of risk loci.
Methods: To replicate the best findings, we have selected 16 SNPs suggested in previous studies to be relevant in PNET etiogenesis. We genotyped the selected SNPs (rs16944, rs1052536, rs1059293, rs1136410, rs1143634, rs2069762, rs2236302, rs2387632, rs3212961, rs3734299, rs3803258, rs4962081, rs7234941, rs7243091, rs12957119, and rs1800629) in 344 PNET sporadic cases and 2,721 controls in the context of the PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) consortium.
Results: After correction for multiple testing, we did not observe any statistically significant association between the SNPs and PNET risk. We also used three online bioinformatic tools (HaploReg, RegulomeDB, and GTEx) to predict a possible functional role of the SNPs, but we did not observe any clear indication.
Conclusions: None of the selected SNPs were convincingly associated with PNET risk in the PANDoRA consortium.
Impact: We can exclude a major role of the selected polymorphisms in PNET etiology, and this highlights the need for replication of epidemiologic findings in independent populations, especially in rare diseases such as PNETs. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(8); 1349–51. ©2017 AACR.
Periodontal Disease and Incident Cancer Risk among Postmenopausal Women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Cohort
Authors: Nwizu Ngozi N. , Marshall James R. , Moysich Kirsten , Genco Robert J. , Hovey Kathleen M. , Mai Xiaodan , LaMonte Michael J. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Wactawski-Wende Jean 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground: Periodontal pathogens have been isolated from precancerous and cancerous lesions and also shown to promote a procarcinogenic microenvironment. Few studies have examined periodontal disease as a risk factor for total cancer, and none have focused on older women. We examined whether periodontal disease is associated with incident cancer among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.Methods: Our prospective cohort study comprised 65,869 women, ages 54 to 86 years. Periodontal disease information was obtained via self-report questionnaires administered between 1999 and 2003, whereas ascertainment of cancer outcomes occurred through September 2013, with a maximum follow-up period of 15 years. Physician-adjudicated incident total cancers were the main outcomes and site-specific cancers were secondary outcomes. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. All analyses were conducted two-sided.Results: During a mean follow-up of 8.32 years, 7,149 cancers were identified. Periodontal disease history was associated with increased total cancer risk (multivariable-adjusted HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08–1.20); findings were similar in analyses limited to 34,097 never-smokers (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04–1.22). Associations were observed for breast (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03–1.23), lung (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.14–1.51), esophagus (HR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.64–6.53), gallbladder (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.01–2.95), and melanoma skin (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02–1.48) cancers. Stomach cancer was borderline (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.94–2.67).Conclusions: Periodontal disease increases risk of total cancer among older women, irrespective of smoking, and certain anatomic sites appear to be vulnerable.Impact: Our findings support the need for further understanding of the effect of periodontal disease on cancer outcomes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(8); 1255–65. ©2017 AACR.
Bap1 and Pbrm1: Determinants of Tumor Grade and mTOR Activation in VHL-Deficient Mouse Models of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Leung Janet Y. , Kim William Y. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Summary: Large genome sequencing efforts have identified frequent mutations in the histone-modifying and chromatin-remodeling genes BAP1 and PBRM1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Gu and colleagues model these genetic events in mice and report that dual inactivation of Vhl with either Bap1 or Pbrm1 results in faithful genetically engineered murine models of ccRCC. Moreover, their work establishes that Bap1 and Pbrm1 are determinants of tumor grade and mTORC1 activation and provocatively suggests that the cell of origin of ccRCC may lie in PAX8-expressing Bowman capsule cells. Cancer Discov; 7(8); 802–4. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Gu et al., p. 900.
Role of NOX2-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in NK Cell–Mediated Control of Murine Melanoma Metastasis
Authors: Aydin Ebru , Johansson Junko , Nazir Faisal Hayat , Hellstrand Kristoffer , Martner Anna 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe NADPH oxidase of myeloid cells, NOX2, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate pathogens and malignant cells. NOX2-derived ROS have also been proposed to dampen functions of natural killer (NK) cells and other antineoplastic lymphocytes in the microenvironment of established tumors. The mechanisms by which NOX2 and ROS influence the process of distant metastasis have only been partially explored. Here, we utilized genetically NOX2-deficient mice and pharmacologic inhibition of NOX2 to elucidate the role of NOX2 for the hematogenous metastasis of melanoma cells. After intravenous inoculation of B16F1 or B16F10 cells, lung metastasis formation was reduced in B6.129S6-Cybbtm1DinK (Nox2-KO) versus Nox2-sufficient wild-type (WT) mice. Systemic treatment with the NOX2-inhibitor histamine dihydrochloride (HDC) reduced melanoma metastasis and enhanced the infiltration of IFNγ-producing NK cells into lungs of WT but not of Nox2-KO mice. IFNγ-deficient B6.129S7-Ifngtm1Ts/J mice were prone to develop melanoma metastases and did not respond to in vivo treatment with HDC. We propose that NOX2-derived ROS facilitate metastasis of melanoma cells by downmodulating NK-cell function and that inhibition of NOX2 may restore IFNγ-dependent, NK cell–mediated clearance of melanoma cells. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(9); 804–11. ©2017 AACR.
Geoquímica e estrutura dos ortognaisses das ilhas do Balneário Barra do Sul e de São Francisco do Sul, litoral norte do Estado de Santa Catarina
Authors: Baldin Michelangelo Tissi , Barros Carlos Eduardo de Mesquita , Cury Leonardo Fadel 
Published: August 2017

As rochas das ilhas do Balneário Barra do Sul afloram na porção nordeste do Estado de Santa Catarina e estão distribuídas ao longo de uma faixa alongada segundo a direção geral N15-20E. As rochas estudadas compreendem a região norte do Cinturão Dom Feliciano, situam-se a leste da Microplaca Luís Alves e são enquadradas no Complexo São Francisco do Sul (Terreno Paranaguá). Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de cartografia detalhada, petrografia, geoquímica e análise estrutural. Nas ilhas dos Remédios e Feia afloram granodiorito e monzogranitomilonitizado de aspecto gnáissico. Duas fases de cisalhamento dúctil foram identificadas: a primeira associada à tectônica de cavalgamento e a segundade natureza transcorrente sinistral. Essas rochas têm assinatura cálcio-alcalina e álcali-cálcica, com termos metaluminosos a fracamente peraluminosos, semelhantes aos granitos do tipo I-Cordilheirano, gerados em arco magmático continental.
Avaliação de suscetibilidade à erosão e movimentação gravitacional de massa no Parque Estadual do Juquery, Franco da Rocha (SP)
Authors: Amorim Danilo Gonçalves de Araújo , Zaine José Eduardo , Rodrigues Flávio Henrique 
Published: August 2017

A área de realização do estudo é o Parque Estadual do Juquery (PEJ), localizado no município de Franco da Rocha, Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, caracterizada por uma área de proteção de remanescente de cerrado. Essa unidade de conservação tem registrado problemas causados por processos de inundação, movimentos de massa e erosão hídrica. Baseado nesse histórico, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a suscetibilidade aos processos erosivos lineares (sulco, ravina e boçoroca) e de movimentos de massa, e fornecer subsídios ao planejamento e à gestão do meio físico da unidade. O mapeamento, realizado na escala de 1:20.000, subdividiu a área em 6 unidades geológico-geotécnicas, cujos resultados fomentaram a avaliação da suscetibilidade aos processos geológicos analisados. A avaliação de suscetibilidade considerou a possibilidade de ocorrência de processos morfodinâmicos em relação às características geológico-geotécnicas e foi realizada de forma qualitativa, adotando o método de análise gráfica, fundamentado na análise combinatória de variáveis de interesse. Para tanto, recorreu-se a técnicas de geoprocessamento, levantamentos de campo e análises gráficas. Como resultados, são apresentados os mapas de suscetibilidade aos processos erosivos e aos movimentos gravitacionais de massa. O mapa para processos erosivos aponta que 95% da área possuem moderada suscetibilidade e que 5%, alta suscetibilidade; já para processos de movimentos de massa 88% possuem baixa suscetibilidade e 12%, moderada suscetibilidade. Foram identificados dois pontos de interesse: uma boçoroca no extremo oeste e um trecho da estrada com ravinas. Conclui-se, portanto, que os processos erosivos representam o principal problema geológico-geotécnico do PEJ, visto que são decorrentes das características naturais do meio físico (geologia, geomorfologia e pedologia) e agravados pela ausência de cobertura vegetal e precariedade das estradas e trilhas.