bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target‐Selective Fluorescence Imaging and Photocytotoxicity against H2O2 High‐Expressing Cancer Cells Using a Photoactivatable Theranostic Agent
Authors: Takagi Ryoma , Takeda Ayano , Takahashi Daisuke , Toshima Kazunobu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA purpose‐designed and synthesized H2O2‐reactive and photoactivatable theranostic agent 1 consisting of 1) an arylboronic acid moiety, 2) pro‐fluorophore moiety, and 3) photoactivatable moiety (photosensitizer), selectively and effectively reacted with H2O2 while simultaneously releasing resorufin for fluorescence detection under neutral aqueous conditions. In addition, 1 was cell‐permeable, and exhibited effective photocytotoxicity against fluorescently visualized cells only upon photoirradiation. The results also showed that 1 produced a selective fluorescence response to H2O2, even in living cultured cells.
Reading comprehension of ambiguous sentences by school‐age children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Davidson Meghan M. , Ellis Weismer Susan 
Published: August 2017

Weak central coherence (processing details over gist), poor oral language abilities, poor suppression, semantic interference, and poor comprehension monitoring have all been implicated to affect reading comprehension in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study viewed the contributions of different supporting skills as a collective set of skills necessary for context integration—a multi‐component view—to examine individual differences in reading comprehension in school‐age children (8–14 years) with ASD (n = 23) and typically developing control peers (n = 23). Participants completed a written ambiguous sentence comprehension task in which participants had to integrate context to determine the correct homonym meaning via picture selection. Both comprehension products (i.e., offline representations after reading) and processes (i.e., online processing during reading) were evaluated. Results indicated that children with ASD, similar to their TD peers, integrated the context to access the correct homonym meanings while reading. However, after reading the sentences, when participants were asked to select the meanings, both groups experienced semantic interference between the two meanings. This semantic interference hindered the children with ASD's sentence representation to a greater degree than their peers. Individual differences in age/development, word recognition, vocabulary breadth (i.e., number of words in the lexicon), and vocabulary depth (i.e., knowledge of the homonym meanings) contributed to sentence comprehension in both children with ASD and their peers. Together, this evidence supports a multi‐component view, and that helping children with ASD develop vocabulary depth may have cascading effects on their reading comprehension. Autism Res 2017, 10: 2002–2022. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryLike their peers, children with ASD were able to integrate context, or link words while reading sentences with ambiguous words (words with two meanings). After reading the sentences, both groups found it hard to pick the correct meaning of the ambiguous sentence and this decision was more difficult for the participants with ASD. Older children, children with better word reading abilities, and children with higher vocabularies were better at understanding ambiguous sentences. Helping children with ASD to develop richer vocabularies could be important for improving their reading comprehension.
Pasireotide and octreotide in the treatment of severe late dumping syndrome
Authors: Mohammadi Alireza , Sulaiman Raashda A. , Grossman Ashley B. 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessageHypoglycemia due to late dumping is a significant problem postoesophagectomy but may not always be diagnosed sufficiently early. It can be difficult to treat and may severely compromise quality of life. The combination of diazoxide and octreotide or more probably pasireotide may transform the patient's life and should be considered in all problematic cases.
Which is the best in carbamazepine overdose?
Authors: Karaman Kıvanç , Türkdoğan Kenan Ahmet , Deniz Ahmet Tunç , Çanakçı Selçuk Eren 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessageIntravenous lipid emulsion treatment is safer, faster, and easier to apply and could be a powerful alternative to extracorporeal treatment methods in carbamazepine intoxication.
Hemivertebra of the cervical spine: an uncommon background for neck pain, cervical scoliosis, and torticollis
Authors: Kapetanakis Stylianos , Gkasdaris Grigorios , Nastoulis Evangelos , Stavrev Vladimir 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessageA 15‐year‐old female patient presented with neck pain accompanied by cervical scoliosis, on the existence of torticollis. Although rare, hemivertebra of the cervical spine is a congenital deformation associated with these three clinical features.
Anion‐Functionalized Pillararenes for Efficient Sulfur Dioxide Capture: Significant Effect of the Anion and the Cavity
Authors: Lin Wenjun , Zhou Xiuyuan , Cai Jingsong , Chen Kaihong , He Xi , Kong Xueqian , Li Haoran , Wang Congmin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA series of anion‐functionalized pillararenes were prepared and applied in the capture of SO2 through incorporating an anion with different basicity into pillararenes. A high SO2 absorption capacity up to 15.9 mmol g−1 and excellent reversibility were achieved by tuning the basicity of the anion and the size of the cavity. Spectroscopic investigations and DFT calculations indicated that high SO2 capacity originated from multiple sites interaction between SO2 and the anion, where SO2 chemical absorption was significant strengthened by the cavity, because the anion was confined in the window of the cavity and the window was electron‐deficient. Interestingly, a phase transition occurred during absorption and desorption process. The method proposed in this work provided an efficient strategy for improving gas absorption through a simple functionalization of the supermolecule, which was also very important for some other fields such as polymers and materials.
Bridging Coordination of Vinylarenes to Pd3‐ or Pd4 Cluster Sites
Authors: Ishikawa Yuki , Kimura Seita , Yamamoto Koji , Murahashi Tetsuro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThough the M3‐ or M4 face of palladium clusters may serve as the active binding site of substrates, it has been difficult to elucidate their substrate binding modes in solution. Here, it was proved that a soluble Pd3‐ or Pd4 sheet cluster accommodates vinylarenes at its bridging coordination site in an unusual mode in palladium chemistry; that is, for the former, the coordination of the arene moiety precedes that of olefin moiety; for the latter, vinylarene coordinates to a distorted Pd4 sheet through oxidative π‐addition of its styrene moiety.
Peptide Macrocycles Developed from Precisely Regulated Multiple Cyclization of Unprotected Peptides
Authors: Wang Jinghui , Zha Mirao , Fei Qianran , Liu Weidong , Zhao Yibing , Wu Chuanliu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPeptide macrocycles have been attractive scaffolds for the development of ligands and inhibitors to proteins, which have the potential of being developed as potent drugs. Novel strategies for peptide macrocyclization should be of particular interest to peptide drug design and discovery. Herein, an efficient strategy for designing and synthesizing macrocyclic peptides, which relies on the precisely regulated and efficient one‐pot cyclization of unprotected peptides with 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (4F‐2CN), is reported. The peptide bicycles can be considered as novel structurally hyperconstrained peptide macrocycles constrained with a rigidifying ring‐closing moiety, consisting of an N‐terminal 6‐membered ring and C‐terminal 13‐membered ring fused with the benzene ring of 4F‐2CN. These novel macrocyclic peptide scaffolds would be intriguing and promising scaffolds for developing macrocyclic peptide inhibitors and targeting ligands for many proteins.
Diversity and distribution of genetic variation in gammarids: Comparing patterns between invasive and non‐invasive species
Authors: Baltazar‐Soares Miguel , Paiva Filipa , Chen Yiyong , Zhan Aibin , Briski Elizabeta 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBiological invasions are worldwide phenomena that have reached alarming levels among aquatic species. There are key challenges to understand the factors behind invasion propensity of non‐native populations in invasion biology. Interestingly, interpretations cannot be expanded to higher taxonomic levels due to the fact that in the same genus, there are species that are notorious invaders and those that never spread outside their native range. Such variation in invasion propensity offers the possibility to explore, at fine‐scale taxonomic level, the existence of specific characteristics that might predict the variability in invasion success. In this work, we explored this possibility from a molecular perspective. The objective was to provide a better understanding of the genetic diversity distribution in the native range of species that exhibit contrasting invasive propensities. For this purpose, we used a total of 784 sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA‐COI) collected from seven Gammaroidea, a superfamily of Amphipoda that includes species that are both successful invaders (Gammarus tigrinus, Pontogammarus maeoticus, and Obesogammarus crassus) and strictly restricted to their native regions (Gammarus locusta, Gammarus salinus, Gammarus zaddachi, and Gammarus oceanicus). Despite that genetic diversity did not differ between invasive and non‐invasive species, we observed that populations of non‐invasive species showed a higher degree of genetic differentiation. Furthermore, we found that both geographic and evolutionary distances might explain genetic differentiation in both non‐native and native ranges. This suggests that the lack of population genetic structure may facilitate the distribution of mutations that despite arising in the native range may be beneficial in invasive ranges. The fact that evolutionary distances explained genetic differentiation more often than geographic distances points toward that deep lineage divergence holds an important role in the distribution of neutral genetic diversity.
Tocopherols and Polyphenols in Pumpkin Seed Oil Are Moderately Affected by Industrially Relevant Roasting Conditions
Authors: Van Hoed Vera , Sampaio Klicia A. , Felkner Barbara , Bavec Franc , Scippo Marie‐Louise , Brose François , Bavec Martina , Verhé Roland 
Published: August 2017

Traditionally, pumpkin seed oil is obtained by pressing the seeds after a roasting pretreatment, at temperatures up to 150 °C. However, the appropriate temperatures and roasting times are under discussion. In this study, oils from seeds roasted at different temperatures (60–150 °C) are compared with oil from non‐roasted seeds. At higher roasting temperatures, lower roasting times are required to release the oil. Both, for tocopherols and phenolic compounds, no decreasing trend with the increasing roasting temperature are observed. In contrast, the oil from non‐roasted seeds have relatively low levels of tocopherols and phenolics and lacked the typical aroma. Levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are very low, ranging from not detected in oil from non‐roasted seeds to 13.8 μg kg−1 in the oil from seeds roasted at 150 °C. Therefore, the choice between the studied roasting conditions may depend rather on sensory evaluations than on the content of antioxidants or of PAHs. Practical Applications: The process of the production of virgin pumpkin oil is based on a thermal treatment of the ground seeds, favoring the separation of the lipid fraction, and giving a typical aroma of the roasted oil. Results of this research provide important information regarding the influence of roasting conditions on the quality and safety of the oil. Roasting pumpkin seeds increased the tocopherol and phenols content in the pumpkin oil, with no significant formation of PAHs. The information will be valuable and important for not only for the pumpkin oil production, but also for all the seeds submitted to a roasting treatment before extraction.Pumpkin seed oil is traditionally produced in several European countries and commonly used in salad dressing. The production of pumpkin seed oil frequently includes roasting of the seeds at high temperatures, which may influence the amount of phenolic compounds and the final nutritional quality of the oil. The roasting of the pumpkin seeds is necessary to obtain the desired color, flavor, and taste characteristics. At higher roasting temperatures, lower roasting times are required to release the oil. Both, for tocopherols and phenolic compounds, no decreasing trend with the increasing roasting temperature is observed.
A Statistical Model for Estimating the Effects of Oil Droplet Size and Oil Fraction in Microcapsules on Oxidation of Oil
Authors: Miyagawa Yayoi , Kikuchi Kohshi , Yamamoto Shuichi , Shiga Hirokazu , Yoshii Hidefumi , Adachi Shuji 
Published: August 2017

Based on a two‐dimensional percolation theory and an autocatalytic rate expression for oil autoxidation, a statistical model is proposed to estimate the effects of the oil droplet size and the volume fraction of oil within the microcapsule on the oxidation of microencapsulated oil, by means of computational simulations. The model can address both the unique oxidation steps for microencapsulated oil: The rapid progress of oxidation at the early stage of storage and the leveling off of the oxidation after prolonged storage. The simulation also demonstrates that the reduction of the oil droplet size retards the oxidation of microencapsulated oil as well as lowering of the oil fraction within the microcapsule. Practical Applications: A statistical model is proposed to simulate oxidation process of microencapsulated oil. The simulation enable us to reasonably design oil microencapsulation.Based on a two‐dimensional percolation theory and an autocatalytic rate expression for oil autoxidation, a statistical model is proposed to estimate the effects of the oil droplet size and the volume fraction of oil within the microcapsule on the oxidation of microencapsulated oil, by means of computational simulations.
Connecting the dots: Illusory pattern perception predicts belief in conspiracies and the supernatural
Authors: van Prooijen Jan‐Willem , Douglas Karen M. , De Inocencio Clara 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA common assumption is that belief in conspiracy theories and supernatural phenomena are grounded in illusory pattern perception. In the present research we systematically tested this assumption. Study 1 revealed that such irrational beliefs are related to perceiving patterns in randomly generated coin toss outcomes. In Study 2, pattern search instructions exerted an indirect effect on irrational beliefs through pattern perception. Study 3 revealed that perceiving patterns in chaotic but not in structured paintings predicted irrational beliefs. In Study 4, we found that agreement with texts supporting paranormal phenomena or conspiracy theories predicted pattern perception. In Study 5, we manipulated belief in a specific conspiracy theory. This manipulation influenced the extent to which people perceive patterns in world events, which in turn predicted unrelated irrational beliefs. We conclude that illusory pattern perception is a central cognitive mechanism accounting for conspiracy theories and supernatural beliefs.
Increased energy expenditure during posture maintenance and exercise in early Parkinson disease
Authors: Margaliot Kalifa Tal , Ziv Nadav , Bergman Hagai , Nusair Samir , Arkadir David 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundEvidence for the effects of Parkinson disease on energy expenditure is incomplete and contradictory. A number of studies showed increased resting energy expenditure among patients with Parkinson disease whereas others did not. It was hypothesized that energy expenditure increases during exercise, based on findings in patients with a variable regime of anti‐parkinsonian therapies and at different stages of the disease. However, energy expenditure during posture maintenance has been neglected. To better understand these issues, we studied energy expenditure in a homogenous population of Parkinson patients in an early stage of the disease and different states of activity.MethodsOxygen consumption was assessed in a group of 10 males with early Parkinson disease without dopaminergic treatment and controls matched for age and body composition. Oxygen consumption was measured at rest, during trunk unsupported sitting, and during exercise at different intensities (unloaded and loaded cycling).ResultsResting energy expenditure was similar between groups. Higher energy consumption was observed during maintenance of trunk posture at rest and during light intensity aerobic exercise (P < .05 for all conditions). The increment in energy expenditure associated with increased physical demand tended to be steeper in Parkinson disease.ConclusionResting energy expenditure is normal in Parkinson disease. However, energy expenditure increases during physical activity and even during the maintenance of unsupported posture among patients with Parkinson disease.
Quantifying the role of the snowpack in generating water available for run‐off during rain‐on‐snow events from snow pillow records
Authors: Trubilowicz Joel W. , Moore R. Dan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRain‐on‐snow events have generated major floods around the world, particularly in coastal, mountainous regions. Most previous studies focused on a limited number of major rain‐on‐snow events or were based primarily on model results, largely due to a lack of long‐term records from lysimeters or other instrumentation for quantifying event water balances. In this analysis, we used records from five automated snow pillow sites in south coastal British Columbia, Canada, to reconstruct event water balances for 286 rain‐on‐snow events over a 10‐year period. For large rain‐on‐snow events (event rainfall >40 mm), snowmelt enhanced the production of water available for run‐off (WAR) by approximately 25% over rainfall alone. For smaller events, a range of antecedent and meteorological factors influenced WAR generation, particularly the antecedent liquid water content of the snowpack. Most large events were associated with atmospheric rivers. Rainfall dominated WAR generation during autumn and winter events, whereas snowmelt dominated during spring and summer events. In the majority of events, the sensible heat of rain contributed less than 10% of the total energy consumed by snowmelt. This analysis illustrated the importance of understanding the amount of rainfall occurring at high elevations during rain‐on‐snow events in mountainous regions.
Comparison of risk factors and complications in patients by stratified mastectomy weight: An institutional review of 1041 consecutive cases
Authors: Chattha Anmol , Bucknor Alexandra , Kamali Parisa , Van Veldhuisen Charlotte L. , Flecha‐Hirsch Renata , Sharma Ranjna , Tobias Adam M. , Lee Bernard T. , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: August 2017

Background and ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the specific complication rates, reconstructive differences, and delineate the pertinent independent risk factors in patients with different mastectomy weights.MethodsA retrospective chart review of consecutive patients undergoing mastectomy between 2010 and 2015 was performed. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were collected. Patients were divided into three groups: those with mastectomy weight <500, 500‐1000, and >1000 g.ResultsDuring the study period, a total of 704 consecutive patients and 1041 total mastectomy surgeries had complete mastectomy specimen weight data. Of these, 437 breasts were in the <500 g specimen group, 425 were included in the 500‐1000 g group and 179 in the >1000g group. The rate of overall complications between the three mastectomy weight groups (<500, 500‐1000, and >1000 g) was statistically significant (14.0%, 17.6%, and 25.7%; P = 0.002, respectively) and were higher with increased mastectomy weights. Notably, in patients with breast mastectomy weight >1000 g, autologous reconstruction had significantly reduced rates of overall complications (AOR = 0.512, P = 0.048).ConclusionComplication rates were lower in women with larger breast weights undergoing autologous reconstruction, warranting potential use of autologous free flap breast reconstruction in women with large mastectomy specimen weights when possible.
A study of 853 high grade osteosarcomas from a single institution—Are outcomes in Indian patients different?
Authors: Puri Ajay , Byregowda Suman , Gulia Ashish , Crasto Saniya , Chinaswamy Girish 
Published: August 2017

AimsTo review outcomes of 853 patients of primary high grade osteosarcoma operated with curative intent between January 2006 to December 2013.MethodsAll patients underwent appropriate surgical resection after preoperative chemotherapy (non methotrexate based). Excised specimen was analyzed for margins and response to chemotherapy. We analysed various factors (sex, age, size, site, type of surgery, pathologic fractures, margin status, and chemotherapy induced necrosis) for their impact on outcomes.ResultsFive year overall survival (OS) for entire cohort was 49% and event free survival (EFS) was 42%. Seventy hundred thirty‐eight non metastatic patients had OS of 53% and EFS of 47% at 5 years. The 3 year OS and EFS of the metastatic patients was 22% and 9%, respectively. Analysis of 738 non metastatic patients demonstrated that chemotherapy induced necrosis, size of tumor (< / >8 cms), type of surgery (limb salvage vs amputation) significantly affected overall survival. Local recurrence was 9%. Site of tumor (long bone vs pelvis), type of surgery and chemotherapy induced necrosis influenced local recurrence.ConclusionsOur patients appeared to have poorer survival compared to most Western data, possibly attributable to large tumors. In contrast to existing data, males (71%) were predominantly affected and only patients with 100% necrosis qualified as good responders regarding OS.