bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Sleep And Cognition Among Middle-Aged And Older Adults In Europe
Authors: Crowley Patrick , O'Donovan Mark , Flanagan Evelyn , O'Caoimh Rónán 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) is a supranational longitudinal study of community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults involving 29 countries, including all continental members of the European Union. We analysed wave 8 of SHARE (2019/2020) for associations between sleep and cognition.

Methods
The previously validated SHARE Cognitive Instrument (SHARE-Cog), which includes 10-word registration, verbal fluency and 10-word recall, was used to assess cognition. Together with data on impairment in activities of daily living and subjective perception of cognition, participants were divided into four groups: dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective memory complaint (SMC), normal cognition (NC). Survey-weighted generalised linear regression models were used to compare groups. To analyse the association between sleep duration and cognition, total hours of sleep was plotted on the x-axis and mean SHARE-Cog score on the y-axis.

Results
29,450 were included (55% female; mean age 68.27), categorised as: Dementia 4%, MCI 9%, SMC 14% and NC 73%. A characteristic ‘inverted U’ shaped association was observed between sleep duration and cognition. Compared to optimal sleep duration of seven hours, mean SHARE-Cog scores declined progressively with more or less sleep. Those with cognitive impairment were significantly more likely to report recent trouble sleeping: Dementia 47%; MCI 43%; SMC 46%; NC 30% (p &lt;0.001). Cognitive impairment was also significantly associated with increased use of medication to aid sleep (Dementia 17%; MCI 13%; SMC 8%; NC 4%, p &lt;0.001) and with daytime napping or resting (Dementia 72%; MCI 60%; SMC 45%; NC 41%, p &lt;0.001).

Conclusion
This analysis of a large population-based study confirmed an ‘inverted-U’ shaped association between sleep duration and cognition. Cognitive impairment was also significantly associated with increased reports of recent trouble sleeping, increased use of medication to aid sleep, and increased daytime napping or resting.
Performance of Human and Porcine Derived Acellular Dermal Matrices in Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction: A Long-term Clinicaland Histologic Evaluation
Authors: Gabriel Allen , Maxwell G Patrick , O’Rorke Erin , Harper John R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Human acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) remain the most used matrices in prosthetic breast reconstruction. However, the availability and cost of ADMs limit their use in prepectoral reconstruction—which requires large amounts of ADM—and alternative matrices are therefore being explored.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of human-porcine ADM constructs via clinical outcomes and histologic evidence of graft integration.

Methods
Consecutive patients undergoing tissue-expander/implant reconstructions with human-porcine ADM constructs were included. Biopsies of both ADMs were obtained at expander/implant exchange and evaluated for cellularization, vascularization, and inflammation. Postoperative complications were retrieved from patient records.

Results
Fifty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean [standard deviation] follow-up was 6.7 [0.56] years; minimum follow-up was 5 years. Any complication rate was 8.6%, including skin necrosis (6.9%), seroma (1.7%), expander/implant exposure (1.7%), and return to the operating room (2.6%). A total of 138 ADM biopsy specimens were obtained from 38 patients at expander/implant exchange. Histologic analyses revealed lower fibroblast infiltration and vascularization and higher inflammatory response in porcine vs human ADM specimens, consistent with published results in nonhuman primates. Despite these differences, there were no cases of graft rejection, capsular contracture, or expander/implant loss.

Conclusions
Porcine ADM performs clinically in a similar manner to human ADM, albeit with minor differences in cellular ingrowth and vascularization, suggesting that it may be an alternative to human ADM in prepectoral breast reconstruction.

Level of Evidence: 3
Revisiting ant-plant-pollinator interactions: plant fitness depends on mutualist identity
Authors: Calixto Eduardo S , Santos Danilo B , Lange Denise , Torezan-Silingardi Helena M , Del-Claro Kleber 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Two species may share a mutualistic interaction if the benefits gained by the interaction outweigh the costs incurred. In this study, we tested experimentally how the identity of ants (pinned) and floral visitors of an extrafloral nectary (EFN)-bearing plant can affect plant fitness. We quantified ant activity and floral visitor visitation overlap over time, floral visitor behaviour, amount of floral resources collected, and plant fitness as influenced by the ant species identity in an EFN-bearing plant from Brazilian Cerrado savanna, Qualea multiflora (Vochysiaceae). We found that: (i) ant activity and floral visitation overlap greatly in time; (ii) floral visitors vary in their response to the presence of ants; (iii) different ant species have different impacts on floral visitors; (iv) ants affected the amount of floral resources collected by pollinators, but their levels were contingent on ant identity; and (v) plant fitness components (fruit production, seed weight, and seed size) were most strongly affected by the largest and most aggressive ant species. Our results suggest that the balance of the trade-off between the beneficial effects of ant protection against herbivorous insects and the negative consequences for plant fitness by deterring pollinators depends on the species identity of both the ants and the floral visitors to the plant.
The paradoxical brain: paradoxes impact conflict perspectives through increased neural alignment
Authors: Levy Jonathan , Kluge Annika , Hameiri Boaz , Lankinen Kaisu , Bar-Tal Daniel , Halperin Eran 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Mental perspectives can sometimes be changed by psychological interventions. For instance, when applied in the context of intergroup conflicts, interventions, such as the paradoxical thinking intervention, may unfreeze ingrained negative outgroup attitudes and thereby promote progress toward peacemaking. Yet, at present, the evaluation of interventions’ impact relies almost exclusively on self-reported and behavioral measures that are informative, but are also prone to social desirability and self-presentational biases. In the present study, magnetoencephalography tracked neural alignment, before and after the paradoxical thinking intervention, during the processing of auditory narratives over the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and thereby evaluated the intervention’s potential to change individuals’ (n = 80) mental perspectives over the conflict. Compared to baseline, the conflict-targeted intervention yielded a specific significant increased neural alignment in the posterior superior temporal sulcus while processing incongruent as well as congruent political narratives of the conflict. This may be interpreted as a possible change in perspective over the conflict. The results and their interpretations are discussed in view of the critical added value of neuroimaging when assessing interventions to potentially reveal changes in mental perspectives or the way in which they are processed, even in contexts of entrenched resistance to reconsider one’s ideological stance.
Not only computing – also art
Authors: Lansdown John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
One of the pleasures oí being in a profession as young as computing is that it is possible to have met many of its founding figures: Konrad Zuse, for example, the German engineer who could fairly lay el aim to being the first to have made a computer; Edmund C. Berkeley, the US writer who recently visited the BCS; Stanley Gill, a pioneer who also did much to help start the Computer Arts Society; as well as numerous BCS members whom 1 see from time to time. Computing and mathematics became central to my interests too late for me to have met Alan Turing – but I do know some who were well-acquainted with him from their work at Bletchley during the war or, in the following ten years, at NPL or Manchester. I first became aware of him in the mid-fifties after reading his article on solvable and unsolvable problems in the Penguin Science News. This was published in February 1954 and, as he died in June 1954, it must have been one of his last works. But it was not until the publication of his mother Sara’s biography of him in 1959 that I realised what an important and interesting figure he was.
Some ideas on justifying OA systems
Authors: Chaplin Ed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective of this article is to offer some help to those attempting to justify (computer or IT based) office automation or office system projects; either on strict cost grounds or on cost acceptability terms. I do not repeat ‘computer or IT based’ in this article, but please infer this as applicable throughout. Also I am aiming mainly at projects that have not yet begun – so take the opportunity to do some measurements and calculations of the status quo beforehand. For those to whom this is ‘too late’, there may be a ‘next time’ and I do offer a glimmer of help to you towards the end of the article, Quite a few articles on benefit or cost justification have appeared in print, and quite a few OA systems have been introduced. I have drawn on many sources and what experience I have, to give an outline approach to the many who have not left the starting post.
Air Canada sends paper packing – by Car
Authors: Ker Niel R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
One man’s import is another man’s export. And nowadays there is an ever increasing chance that the goods which pass between them will travel by air Every item of air cargo, whether it is a single package or a major consignment, requires an air waybill and this document is vital at every stage in the journey; to the shipper, the forwarding agent, the carrier, the customs officials, the consignee. And to the carrier in particular, it is the key document which ensures he gets paid for carrying the goods as well as providing the proof of delivery in the event of a query.
Voice mail saves the day
Authors: Jones Maurice 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Over the last few years, voice mail has become a vital communications tool for many businesses. Whether you are on the phone, away from your desk or in a car, voice mail will ensure that messages get to you securely, accurately and in a form that you can easily access. Encouraged by their early experiences of voice mail, many companies are now starting to look at how PC-based voice processing technology can assist in other areas of their business. Total Oil Marine and BP Chemicals are two such companies.
Colourimetric changes experienced in three types of aligners according to the L’Eclairage Commission
Authors: Domingo-Jiménez Teresa , González-Olmo María José , Nieto-Moraleda Carolina , Pérez-Chicharro María , Romero-Maroto Martin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective was to compare the colourimetric increment (L*, a*, and b*) of three types of aligners after subjecting them to two stains and to evaluate the initial colourimetric characteristics.

Methods
A total of 120 aligners (40 Invisalign®, 40 Spark®, and 40 QuickSmile®) were immersed in two different agents (distilled water and coffee). Measurements were taken using a spectrophotometer before immersion (T0), after 12 hours (T1), and after 7 days (T2). Colour changes (ΔE*) were evaluated based on the International Commission of L’Eclairage, and subsequently converted to National Bureau of Standards units. The measurement was repeated three times. The intraclass correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test, and the independent t test were used (P ≤ .05).

Results
At T0, significant differences were observed for a*: Invisalign® and Spark® tended towards redder tones, whereas Quicksmile® leaned towards greener shades. Regarding b*, all aligners tended towards yellow, with Invisalign® exhibiting the least tendency. No differences were found in water between T1 and T0. In the intervals, T2-T1 and T2-T0, Spark® showed more noticeable changes, whereas for Invisalign® and Quicksmile®, the change was only slight. In coffee, a shift to another colour was detected in T1-T0, T2-T1, and T2-T0 for Invisalign®, whereas for other brands, it was barely noticeable except for T2-T0 in Spark®, where the change was appreciable. In coffee, Invisalign® tended towards darker values (L*), turning redder (a*), and more yellow (b*) in T2-T1 and T2-T0.

Conclusions
Invisalign® aligners initially presented a more reddish and less yellowish colour. In water, after 7 days, a noticeable colour change was found for Spark®. In coffee, a greater loss in brightness and a change to red and yellow were observed after 12 hours and 7 days for Invisalign®. This study highlights the importance of considering the impact of coffee on the colouring of aligners, especially with Invisalign®, which shows more noticeable changes.
Impact of age at intervention on three-dimensional RV functions post percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty
Authors: Elsayegh Ayah Tarek , Elfiky Azza Abdallah , Abdelkader Ehab Fahmy , Kamel Heba 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) is a common congenital heart disease that represents approximately 8%–10% of cardiac birth defects. Percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty is considered the procedure of choice whenever feasible. The impact of RV functions on outcomes in a broad range of conditions is well established, hence the importance of post-procedural long-term follow-up of RV volumes and functions.

Aim and objectives
To assess long-term RV functions and volumes by 3D echocardiography post-successful percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty and study the impact of age at intervention on 2D and 3D RV parameters.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional observational study on a cohort of 100 patients who had isolated congenital valvular pulmonary stenosis and had undergone successful balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty. The study included patients who had completed more than a year post-procedure and were present for routine follow-up echocardiography. Basic echocardiography was performed along with RV volumes and functions analysis using multi-beat full-volume 3D echocardiography.

Result
The study population consisted of 45 females (45.0%) and 55 males (55.0%) with ages ranging from 1.5–18 years and with a median (IQR) of [8.5 (4-10)]. 90 patients had normal RV functions by 2D RV S’, TAPSE, and FAC. By 3D analysis, RV EF was normal in 91 patients, indexed RV EDV was normal in 90 patients and high normal in 10 patients, indexed RV ESV was normal in 87 patients and high normal in 13 patients. When patients’ age at intervention was correlated to RV functions, age showed a significant negative correlation to 2D-derived as well as 3D-derived FAC and TAPSE with P values of 0.000, 0.011, 0.000, and 0.005 respectively. Moreover, age at intervention showed a positive statistically significant correlation to 3D-derived indexed RV EDV and indexed RV ESV with a P value of 0.000 and 0.000, and a significant negative correlation to 3D-derived RV EF with a P value of 0.000.

Conclusion
Percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty is an effective procedure in the long term, however, our preliminary data suggest that older age at intervention could have a negative impact on RV functions and volumes when assessed by 2D and 3D echocardiography. Further sub-analysis could be applied to confirm these findings and rule out any potential confounding factors.
Main predictor of post CABG mortality and morbidity at National Heart Institute
Authors: Al-Mutwakel Mohammed Ali Mohammed , Mohammed Zaid Ali 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
CABG significantly increases life expectancy.
Complete myocardial revascularization should be the main goal of the surgical intervention. CABG is a widely used therapeutic modality in the treatment of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.

Aim and objectives
To describe the clinical characteristics of patients undergoing first time, isolated CABG and relation to its early outcome, in National Heart Institute which is a tertiary center in Egypt.

Methods
A prospective observational study, single center was conducted in National Heart Institute between November 2018 and January 2021.

Result
The current prospective observational study included 511 consecutive patients. Regarding the final outcome of the study, mortality was recorded in 26 cases (5.1%) of the cases and MACCE was detected in 65 cases (12.7%) of the total cases. Mortality was significantly higher among diabetics (p value 0.004), uncontrolled DM with higher HbA1C (p&lt;0.001), dyslipidemias (p=0.010), higher NYHA class (p= 0.027), previous stent/PTCA (p&lt;0.001), higher BMI (p&lt;0.001), preoperative creatinine (p=0.028), Also that mortality was significantly higher among cases who underwent endarterectomy, those who needed high support or IABP, post CABG MI and low COP, postoperative stroke and positive MACCE cases. The P value was highly significant (&lt;0.001) for each of these factors. Also, mortality was significantly associated with higher cumulative XC time (p value = 0.041). Using logistic regression analysis, we found that endarterectomy, post CABG MI, postoperative neurological complications and aortic cross clamp time were independent risk factors for mortality among the included cases. MACCE was significantly higher among dyslipidemics, previous PTCA/stent, cases with endarterectomy, patients needing higher postoperative support or IABP, cases with post CABG MI, low COP or re-exploration, cases needing higher units of blood transfusion, postoperative neurological complications and postoperative pulmonary complications, reclosure of the sternum and higher ICU stay. The p value was highly significant (&lt;0.001) for each of these factors. Also, MACCE was significantly higher among patients with older age (p=0.001), higher BMI (p=0.003), lower creatinine clearance (p=0.033), higher HbA1C (p=0.001), recent MI cases (p=0.025), and total hospital stay (p=0.013). Using logistic regression analysis, we found that older age, dyslipidemia, previous PTCA/stent, endarterectomy, low COP, higher number of blood units needed, longer ICU duration and postoperative pulmonary complications were independent risk factors for MACCE among the studied cases.

Conclusion
Isolated coronary artery bypass surgery is generally performed successfully in the national heart institute with standard technique using warm or cold cardioplegia with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates compared to other international heart centers.
Loneliness in the Republic of Srpska: advocating for social prescribing
Authors: Stančić Sonja , Dimitrijević Strahinja , Vidović Dragana , Radić Arijana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study explores the potential implementation of social prescribing in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the approach is non-existent, and supporting structures are underdeveloped despite a recognized need for intervention. As social prescribing gains global recognition for improving health, the study investigates its feasibility in an uncharted area. The research assesses the necessity for social prescribing by examining loneliness rates and healthcare utilization in the Republic of Srpska, a region seldom studied in public health literature. Data from 1231 individuals aged 16–86 were collected in May 2021, marking the first initiative to gather information on loneliness and healthcare usage in the country. Loneliness rates in the Republic of Srpska were comparable to the UK. Using a negative binomial model, the study establishes significant links between loneliness, chronic health conditions, age, and healthcare service utilization. Loneliness, chronic health conditions, and age predict the use of general practitioner services. In the 44–54 and 65+ age groups, loneliness predicts accident and emergency service use. Specialist healthcare services are positively predicted by loneliness, having one chronic health condition, and being above 44 years of age. Notably, a COVID-19 diagnosis negatively predicts the use of all healthcare services. Gender and place of residence do not significantly impact healthcare service utilization. The study concludes that observed loneliness rates and correlated healthcare usage patterns in the Republic of Srpska indicate a need for social prescribing. The paper discusses the feasibility of implementing social prescribing in this particular case.
Identifying the sex chromosome and sex determination genes in the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Authors: Tidwell Jason P , Bendele Kylie G , Bodine Deanna M , Holmes V Renee , Johnston J Spencer , Saelao Perot , Lohmeyer Kimberly H , Teel Pete D , Tarone Aaron M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is globally one of the most economically important ectoparasites of cattle costing the agriculture industry billions of dollars annually. Resistance to chemical control measures has prompted the development of novel methods of control. Recent advancements in genetic control measures for human and other animal vectors have utilized sex determination research to manipulate sex ratios, which have shown promising results in mosquitoes, namely Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Here, we use R. (B.) microplus as a model to provide foundational research to allow similar avenues of investigation in ticks using R. (B.) microplus as a model. Karyotypes for R. (B.) microplus show an XX:XO sex determining system with the largest chromosome being the sex chromosome. Using flow cytometric methods, the size of the sex chromosome was estimated at 526.91 Mb. All measures to identify the sex chromosome within the cattle tick genome assembly associated sex chromosomal characteristics to 2 chromosomes. This discrepancy between the assembly and karyotypes of the tick led to generating a new genome assembly with a single adult male specimen. The 2 chromosomes in question aligned with a single scaffold within the new genome that had a length of 513.29 Mb and was the first time the sex chromosome was identified in an Ixodid genome assembly.
On the linear convergence of additive Schwarz methods for the p-Laplacian
Authors: Lee Young-Ju , Park Jongho 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We consider additive Schwarz methods for boundary value problems involving the $p$-Laplacian. While existing theoretical estimates suggest a sublinear convergence rate for these methods, empirical evidence from numerical experiments demonstrates a linear convergence rate. In this paper we narrow the gap between these theoretical and empirical results by presenting a novel convergence analysis. First, we present a new convergence theory for additive Schwarz methods written in terms of a quasi-norm. This quasi-norm exhibits behaviour akin to the Bregman distance of the convex energy functional associated with the problem. Secondly, we provide a quasi-norm version of the Poincaré–Friedrichs inequality, which plays a crucial role in deriving a quasi-norm stable decomposition for a two-level domain decomposition setting. By utilizing these key elements we establish the asymptotic linear convergence of additive Schwarz methods for the $p$-Laplacian.