bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing the initiation and early implementation of health promotion interventions: a study of a parental support programme in primary care
Authors: Westerlund Anna , Garvare Rickard , Nyström Monica E. , Eurenius Eva , Lindkvist Marie , Ivarsson Anneli 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundMental health problems are increasing among children and adolescents worldwide, and parental support programmes have been suggested as one preventive intervention. However, the actual impact and low rates of adoption and sustainability of prevention programmes have proven to be a concern, and thus, further studies on their implementation are needed.AimThis study focused on the initial implementation of the International Child Development Programme (ICDP) in primary care. The aim was to investigate the involved actors’ views on factors likely to affect implementation and the strategies used to manage them.DesignA case study design with a mixed‐methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative data from questionnaires and interviews was used.MethodsEighty‐two professionals at different positions in the involved organisations participated. Directed content analysis was used for analyses, focusing on perceived levels of importance and the manifestation of implementation factors.FindingsInterviews and questionnaires provided descriptions of factors influencing the initial ICDP implementation. Uncertainty on how to manage important factors and vague change strategies was reported. Discrepancies in the perceived levels of importance versus manifestation were found regarding several factors, including hands‐on support, time and resources, communication and information, a comprehensive plan of action, follow‐ups, and external and internal collaborations. Manifested factors were a need for change, motivation and the ICDP's compatibility with existing norms, values and practices.ConclusionsImplementing a parental support programme in a complex setting will benefit from being preceded by a thorough examination of the intervention and the target context and the development of clear implementation strategies based on the results of that examination. This study provides insights into how and by whom knowledge on implementation is applied during the launch of a health promotion programme, and these insights might help increase the rate of adoption and the use of such programmes and thereby increase their effectiveness.
Impact of cord blood banking technologies on clinical outcome: a Eurocord/Cord Blood Committee (CTIWP), European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and NetCord retrospective analysis
Authors: Saccardi Riccardo , Tucunduva Luciana , Ruggeri Annalisa , Ionescu Irina , Koegler Gesine , Querol Sergio , Grazzini Giuliano , Lecchi Lucilla , Nanni Costa Alessandro , Navarrete Cristina , Pouthiers Fabienne , Larghero Jerome , Regan Donna , Freeman Taryn , Bittencourt Henrique , Kenzey Chantal , Labopin Myriam , Baudoux Etienne , Rocha Vanderson , Gluckman Eliane 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDTechniques for banking cord blood units (CBUs) as source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been developed over the past 20 years, aimed to improve laboratory efficiency without altering the biologic properties of the graft. A large‐scale, registry‐based assessment of the impact of the banking variables on the clinical outcome is currently missing.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 677 single cord blood transplants (CBTs) carried out for acute leukemia in complete remission in centers affiliated with the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation were selected. An extensive set of data concerning CBU banking were collected and correlations with clinical outcome were assessed. Clinical endpoints were transplant‐related mortality, engraftment, and graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD).RESULTSThe median time between collection and CBT was 4.1 years (range, 0.2‐16.3 years). Volume reduction (VR) of CBUs before freezing was performed in 59.2% of available reports; in half of these the frozen volume was less than 30 mL. Cumulative incidences of neutrophil engraftment on Day 60, 100‐day acute GVHD (II‐IV), and 4‐year chronic GVHD were 87, 29, and 21 ± 2%. The cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) at 100 days and 4‐year NRM were, respectively, 16 ± 2 and 30 ± 2%. Neither the variables related to banking procedures nor the interval between collection and CBT influenced the clinical outcome.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate a satisfactory validation of the techniques associated with CBU VR across the banks. Cell viability assessment varied among the banks, suggesting that efforts to improve the standardization of CBU quality controls are needed.
Associations of ABO, D, and Lewis blood groups and HLA Class I and Class II alleles with West Nile virus Lineage 2 disease outcome in Greece, 2010 to 2013
Authors: Politis Constantina , Parara Myrsini , Kremastinou Jenny , Hasapopoulou Eleni , Iniotaki Aliki , Siorenta Alexandra , Richardson Clive , Papa Anna , Kavallierou Lilian , Asariotou Marina , Katsarou Olga , Mougiou Athina , Dadiotis Lukas , Alexandropoulou Zafeiria , Megalou Angelica , Magoula Evangelia , Papadopoulou Margarita , Pervanidou Danai , Baka Agoritsa , Hadjichristodoulou Christos 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDWest Nile virus (WNV) infection, commonly asymptomatic, may cause mild West Nile fever (WNF) or potentially fatal neuroinvasive disease (WNND). An outbreak of 262 cases of the new Lineage 2 strain in Greece in 2010 continued with high mortality (17%) in WNND. The objective was to investigate ABO, D, and Lewis blood groups, as well as HLA Class I and Class II alleles, in relation to WNV Lineage 2 disease morbidity.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA cohort of 132 Greek WNV cases in 2010 to 2013 (65% male; mean age 64 years; 41% WNF, 59% WNND) was compared to 51,339 healthy WNV‐negative blood donors and 246 healthy subjects.RESULTSBlood group A was more common in WNV cases (51%) than blood donors (39%) and group O less common (32% vs. 42%). D negativity within group A was higher in WNV than in blood donors (18% vs. 10%, p = 0.044). The frequency of secretors (Lewis(a–b+)) was 60% in WNV and 68% in donors (p = 0.16). HLA alleles C*08, DRB1*O4:O5, and DQB1*O2 occurred significantly less frequently in WNV than controls (p < 0.05 unadjusted for multiple testing) and DRB1*10:O1 more frequently (p = 0.039).CONCLUSIONThis first study of symptomatic WNV Lineage 2 suggests A/D negativity as a new risk factor associated with WNV infection and level of morbidity. Further studies are required of the possibility that HLA C*08, DRB1*O4:O5, and DQB1*O2 are protective alleles and DRB1*10:O1 a “susceptible” allele to WNV infection and the role of secretor status in relation to WNV infection.
Level raising mod 2 and arbitrary 2-Selmer ranks
Authors: Le Hung Bao V. , Li Chao 
Published: June 2016

We prove a level raising mod $\ell =2$ theorem for elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$. It generalizes theorems of Ribet and Diamond–Taylor and also explains different sign phenomena compared to odd $\ell$. We use it to study the 2-Selmer groups of modular abelian varieties with common mod 2 Galois representation. As an application, we show that the 2-Selmer rank can be arbitrary in level raising families.
Training-Load-Guided vs Standardized Endurance Training in Recreational Runners
Authors: Schumann Moritz , Botella Javier , Karavirta Laura , Häkkinen Keijo 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:To compare the effects of a standardized endurance-training program with individualized endurance training modified based on the cumulative training load provided by the Polar training-load feature.Methods:After 12 wk of similar training, 24 recreationally endurance-trained men were matched to a training-load-guided (TL, n = 10) or standardized (ST, n = 14) group and continued training for 12 wk. In TL, training sessions were individually chosen daily based on an estimated cumulative training load, whereas in ST the training was standardized with 4–6 sessions/wk. Endurance performance (shortest 1000-m running time during an incremental field test of 6 × 1000 m) and heart-rate variability (HRV) were measured every 4 wk, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was measured during an incremental treadmill test every 12 wk.Results:During weeks 1–12, similar changes in VO2max and 1000-m time were observed in TL (+7% ± 4%, P = .004 and –6% ± 4%, P = .069) and ST (+5% ± 7%, P = .019 and –8% ± 5%, P < .001). During wk 13–24, VO2max statistically increased in ST only (3% ± 4%, P = .034). The 1000-m time decreased in TL during wk 13–24 (–9% ± 5%, P = .011), but in ST only during wk 13–20 (–3% ± 2%, P = .003). The overall changes in VO2max and 1000-m time during wk 0–24 were similar in TL (+7% ± 4%, P = .001 and –9% ± 5%, P = .011) and ST (+10% ± 7%, P < .001 and –13% ± 5%, P < .001). No between-groups differences in total training volume and frequency were observed. HRV remained statistically unaltered in both groups.Conclusions:The main finding was that training performed according to the cumulative training load led to improvements in endurance performance similar to those with standardized endurance training in recreational endurance runners.
Predicting High-Power Performance in Professional Cyclists
Authors: Sanders Dajo , Heijboer Mathieu , Akubat Ibrahim , Meijer Kenneth , Hesselink Matthijs K. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:To assess if short-duration (5 to ~300 s) high-power performance can accurately be predicted using the anaerobic power reserve (APR) model in professional cyclists.Methods:Data from 4 professional cyclists from a World Tour cycling team were used. Using the maximal aerobic power, sprint peak power output, and an exponential constant describing the decrement in power over time, a power-duration relationship was established for each participant. To test the predictive accuracy of the model, several all-out field trials of different durations were performed by each cyclist. The power output achieved during the all-out trials was compared with the predicted power output by the APR model.Results:The power output predicted by the model showed very large to nearly perfect correlations to the actual power output obtained during the all-out trials for each cyclist (r = .88 ± .21, .92 ± .17, .95 ± .13, and .97 ± .09). Power output during the all-out trials remained within an average of 6.6% (53 W) of the predicted power output by the model.Conclusions:This preliminary pilot study presents 4 case studies on the applicability of the APR model in professional cyclists using a field-based approach. The decrement in all-out performance during high-intensity exercise seems to conform to a general relationship with a single exponential-decay model describing the decrement in power vs increasing duration. These results are in line with previous studies using the APR model to predict performance during brief all-out trials. Future research should evaluate the APR model with a larger sample size of elite cyclists.
Optimization of a Class of Tryptophan Dendrimers That Inhibit HIV Replication Leads to a Selective, Specific, and Low-Nanomolar Inhibitor of Clinical Isolates of Enterovirus A71
Authors: Rivero-Buceta Eva , Sun Liang , Martínez-Gualda Belén , Doyagüez Elisa G. , Donckers Kim , Quesada Ernesto , Camarasa María-José , Delang Leen , San-Félix Ana , Neyts Johan , Leyssen Pieter 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Tryptophan dendrimers that inhibit HIV replication by binding to the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 have unexpectedly also proven to be potent, specific, and selective inhibitors of the replication of the unrelated enterovirus A71. Dendrimer 12, a consensus compound that was synthesized on the basis of the structure-activity relationship analysis of this series, is 3-fold more potent against the BrCr lab strain and, surprisingly, inhibits a large panel of clinical isolates in the low-nanomolar/high-picomolar range.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Clonality of Clinical Ureaplasma Isolates in the United States
Authors: Fernández Javier , Karau Melissa J. , Cunningham Scott A. , Greenwood-Quaintance Kerryl E. , Patel Robin 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Ureaplasma urealyticum
and
Ureaplasma parvum
are pathogens involved in urogenital tract and intrauterine infections and also in systemic diseases in newborns and immunosuppressed patients. There is limited information on the antimicrobial susceptibility and clonality of these species. In this study, we report the susceptibility of 250 contemporary isolates of
Ureaplasma
(202
U. parvum
and 48
U. urealyticum
isolates) recovered at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. MICs of doxycycline, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and levofloxacin were determined by broth microdilution, with MICS of the last three interpreted according to CLSI guidelines. Levofloxacin resistance was found in 6.4% and 5.2% of
U. parvum
and
U. urealyticum
isolates, respectively, while 27.2% and 68.8% of isolates, respectively, showed ciprofloxacin MICs of ≥4 μg/ml. The resistance mechanism of levofloxacin-resistant isolates was due to mutations in
parC
, with the Ser83Leu substitution being most frequent, followed by Glu87Lys. No macrolide resistance was found among the 250 isolates studied; a single
U. parvum
isolate was tetracycline resistant.
tet
(M) was found in 10
U. parvum
isolates, including the single tetracycline-resistant isolate, as well as in 9 isolates which had low tetracycline and doxycycline MICs. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) performed on a selection of 46 isolates showed high diversity within the clinical
Ureaplasma
isolates studied, regardless of antimicrobial susceptibility. The present work extends previous knowledge regarding susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, resistance mechanisms, and clonality of
Ureaplasma
species in the United States.
Discovery and Analysis of Natural-Product Compounds Inhibiting Protein Synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Hu Yanmei , Keniry Megan , Palmer Stephanie O. , Bullard James M. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Bacterial protein synthesis is the target for numerous natural and synthetic antibacterial agents. We have developed a poly(U) mRNA-directed aminoacylation/translation (A/T) protein synthesis system composed of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases (PheRS), ribosomes, and ribosomal factors from
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. This system has been used for high-throughput screening of a natural-compound library. Assays were developed for each component of the system to ascertain the specific target of inhibitory compounds. In high-throughput screens, 13 compounds were identified that inhibit protein synthesis with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.3 to >80 μM. MICs were determined for the compounds against the growth of a panel of pathogenic organisms, including
Enterococcus faecalis
,
Escherichia coli
,
Haemophilus influenzae
,
Moraxella catarrhalis
,
P. aeruginosa
,
Staphylococcus aureus
, and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
. Three of the compounds were observed to have broad-spectrum activity and inhibited a hypersensitive strain of
P. aeruginosa
with MICs of 8 to 16 μg/ml. The molecular target of each of the three compounds was determined to be PheRS. One compound was found to be bacteriostatic, and one compound was bactericidal against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The third compound was observed to be bacteriostatic against Gram-positive and bactericidal against Gram-negative bacteria. All three compounds were competitive with the substrate ATP; however, one compound was competitive, one was uncompetitive, and one noncompetitive with the amino acid substrate. Macromolecular synthesis assays confirm the compounds inhibit protein synthesis. The compounds were shown to be more than 25,000-fold less active than the control staurosporine in cytotoxicity MTT testing in human cell lines.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical and Economic Outcomes from the Implementation of Hospital-Based Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs
Authors: Karanika Styliani , Paudel Suresh , Grigoras Christos , Kalbasi Alireza , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

The implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) is a promising strategy to help address the problem of antimicrobial resistance. We sought to determine the efficacy of ASPs and their effect on clinical and economic parameters. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar looking for studies on the efficacy of ASPs in hospitals. Based on 26 studies (extracted from 24,917 citations) with pre- and postimplementation periods from 6 months to 3 years, the pooled percentage change of total antimicrobial consumption after the implementation of ASPs was −19.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = −30.1 to −7.5), and the use of restricted antimicrobial agents decreased by −26.6% (95% CI = −52.3 to −0.8). Interestingly, in intensive care units, the decrease in antimicrobial consumption was −39.5% (95% CI = −72.5 to −6.4). The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (−18.5% [95% CI = −32 to −5.0] for carbapenems and −14.7% [95% CI = −27.7 to −1.7] for glycopeptides), the overall antimicrobial cost (−33.9% [95% CI = −42.0 to −25.9]), and the hospital length of stay (−8.9% [95% CI = −12.8 to −5]) decreased. Among hospital pathogens, the implementation of ASPs was associated with a decrease in infections due to methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(risk difference [RD] = −0.017 [95% CI = −0.029 to −0.005]), imipenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(RD = −0.079 [95% CI = −0.114 to −0.040]), and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
Klebsiella
spp. (RD = −0.104 [95% CI = −0.153 to −0.055]). Notably, these improvements were not associated with adverse outcomes, since the all-cause, infection-related 30-day mortality and infection rates were not significantly different after implementation of an ASP (RD = −0.001 [95% CI = −0.009 to 0.006], RD = −0.005 [95% CI = −0.016 to 0.007], and RD = −0.045% [95% CI = −0.241 to 0.150], respectively). Hospital ASPs result in significant decreases in antimicrobial consumption and cost, and the benefit is higher in the critical care setting. Infections due to specific antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and the overall hospital length of stay are improved as well. Future studies should focus on the sustainability of these outcomes and evaluate potential beneficial long-term effects of ASPs in mortality and infection rates.
First Report of
bla
IMP-14
on a Plasmid Harboring Multiple Drug Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131
Authors: Stoesser Nicole , Sheppard Anna E. , Peirano Gisele , Sebra Robert P. , Lynch Tarah , Anson Luke W. , Kasarskis Andrew , Motyl Mary R. , Crook Derrick W. , Pitout Johann D. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

The
bla
IMP-14
carbapenem resistance gene has largely previously been observed in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Acinetobacter
spp. As part of global surveillance and sequencing of carbapenem-resistant
Escherichia coli
, we identified a sequence type 131 strain harboring
bla
IMP-14
within a class 1 integron, itself nested within an ∼54-kb multidrug resistance region on an epidemic IncA/C
2
plasmid. The emergence of
bla
IMP-14
in this context in the ST131 lineage is of potential clinical concern.
Extensive Shared Chemosensitivity between Malaria and Babesiosis Blood-Stage Parasites
Authors: Paul Aditya S. , Moreira Cristina K. , Elsworth Brendan , Allred David R. , Duraisingh Manoj T. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

The apicomplexan parasites that cause malaria and babesiosis invade and proliferate within erythrocytes. To assess the potential for common antiparasitic treatments, we measured the sensitivities of multiple species of
Plasmodium
and
Babesia
parasites to the chemically diverse collection of antimalarial compounds in the Malaria Box library. We observed that these parasites share sensitivities to a large fraction of the same inhibitors and we identified compounds with strong babesiacidal activity.
Determination of MIC Breakpoints for Second-Line Drugs Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment in China
Authors: Zheng Xubin , Zheng Rongrong , Hu Yi , Werngren Jim , Forsman Lina Davies , Mansjö Mikael , Xu Biao , Hoffner Sven 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Our study aims to identify the clinical breakpoints (CBPs) of second-line drugs (SLDs) above which standard therapy fails in order to improve multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment. MICs of SLDs were determined for
M. tuberculosis
isolates cultured from 207 MDR-TB patients in a prospective cohort study in China between January 2010 and December 2012. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to identify the CBPs predictive of treatment outcome. Of the 207 MDR-TB isolates included in the present study, the proportion of isolates above the critical concentration recommended by WHO ranged from 5.3% in pyrazinamide to 62.8% in amikacin. By selecting pyrazinamide as the primary node (CBP, 18.75 mg/liter), 72.1% of sputum culture conversions at month four could be predicted. As for treatment outcome, pyrazinamide (CBP, 37.5 mg/liter) was selected as the primary node to predict 89% of the treatment success, followed by ofloxacin (CBP, 3 mg/liter), improving the predictive capacity of the primary node by 10.6%. Adjusted by identified confounders, the CART-derived pyrazinamide CBP remained the strongest predictor in the model of treatment outcome. Our findings indicate that the critical breakpoints of some second-line drugs and PZA need to be reconsidered in order to better indicate MDR-TB treatment outcome.
Chemically Attenuated Blood-Stage Plasmodium yoelii Parasites Induce Long-Lived and Strain-Transcending Protection
Authors: Raja Amber I. , Cai Yeping , Reiman Jennifer M. , Groves Penny , Chakravarty Sumana , McPhun Virginia , Doolan Denise L. , Cockburn Ian , Hoffman Stephen L. , Stanisic Danielle I. , Good Michael F. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe development of a vaccine is essential for the elimination of malaria. However, despite many years of effort, a successful vaccine has not been achieved. Most subunit vaccine candidates tested in clinical trials have provided limited efficacy, and thus attenuated whole-parasite vaccines are now receiving close scrutiny. Here, we test chemically attenuatedPlasmodium yoelii17X and demonstrate significant protection following homologous and heterologous blood-stage challenge. Protection against blood-stage infection persisted for at least 9 months. Activation of both CD4+and CD8+T cells was shown after vaccination; however,in vivostudies demonstrated a pivotal role for both CD4+T cells and B cells since the absence of either cell type led to loss of vaccine-induced protection. In spite of significant activation of circulating CD8+T cells, liver-stage immunity was not evident. Neither did vaccine-induced CD8+T cells contribute to blood-stage protection; rather, these cells contributed to pathogenesis, since all vaccinated mice depleted of both CD4+and CD8+T cells survived a challenge infection. This study provides critical insight into whole-parasite vaccine-induced immunity and strong support for testing whole-parasite vaccines in humans.