bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educators' perceptions of a system‐informed positive education program: A study of most significant change
Authors: Burrowes Stephen , Gerace Adam , Benveniste Tessa , Burke Karena J. , Kelly David , Raymond Ivan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere are increasing calls for positive education to integrate holistic and system approaches to both the understanding and implementation of mental health and well‐being interventions across all levels of a school community. The purpose of this study was to examine educators' perspectives of the most significant changes that occurred at an Australian primary and secondary college following the delivery of a system‐informed positive education program (titled Resilient IMPACT). A multi‐stage evaluation was conducted, with educators providing written descriptions of the most significant perceived changes following program implementation, with 18 educators taking part in one of three focus groups to discuss these changes. Three main themes were identified from the focus groups: (1) Common and consistent language, which focused on the use of a language and communication framework for well‐being conversations; (2) Consideration and empathy, where understanding of emotions and demonstrating empathy for students were stressed across interactions; and (3) Community commitment, which involved the building of a holistic community approach to well‐being that is supportive and embedded in teaching practice. Findings support the need for holistic interventions in the school setting, focused upon the broader school community and a committed ‘well‐being first’ approach to foster positive relationships amongst educators and students to support both academic and psychological outcomes.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Potassium Bromate, a Possible Carcinogen, in Popular Baked Foodstuffs of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Mazharul , Besra Supath Xavier , Nishat Shahnaz Akhtar , Sultana Abida 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPotassium bromate (KBrO3), employed ubiquitously as an oxidizing agent in commonly consumed baked foods and as a flour improver to enhance dough quality, has been recognized as a possible human carcinogen. Despite stringent prohibitions in numerous nations eliciting substantial apprehension worldwide, notably in Bangladesh, the pervasive occurrence of KBrO3 in baked foods persists as a formidable public health quandary. This study aimed to investigate the presence of KBrO3 in five different popular baked foods comprising a total of 104 samples, such as bread (n = 39), cake (n = 33), burger buns (n = 13), pizza (n = 10), and naan (n = 9), collected from different districts across Bangladesh. The amounts of KBrO3 were quantified using UV–visible spectrophotometric method. A calibration curve was obtained with a satisfactory linearity and a correlation coefficient (R2) 0.998. The sensitivity was confirmed by limits of detection (LOD = 0.0180 mg L−1) and quantification (LOQ = 0.0548 mg L−1). The recovery rates for spiked samples were 87%–103%, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the measurements. KBrO3 concentrations varied significantly across the samples: BDL to 5.53 ± 0.24 mg kg−1 in breads, BDL to 6.18 ± 0.01 mg kg−1 in cakes, 0.86 ± 0.01 to 1.69 ± 0.01 mg kg−1 in burger buns, 0.92 ± 0.01 to 4.35 ± 0.01 mg kg−1 in pizzas, and BDL to 5.37 ± 0.02 mg kg−1 in naans. The concentrations of KBrO3 in bread, cake, burger buns, pizza, and naans surpass the recommended threshold established by the FDA factors of 276.5, 309.0, 84.5, 217.5, and 268.5, respectively. The study revealed particularly high levels of KBrO3 presence in the targeted baked foods in all of the sampling districts, highlighting a serious food safety concern in Bangladesh.
A georeferenced dataset of heavy metals occurrence in the soils of the Yangtze River Basin, China
Authors: Sun Yifan , Liu Dongsheng , Xie Long , Gao Zheng , Zhang Qi , Wang Luqi , Li Sen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the fine‐scale spatial distribution of heavy metal contamination is crucial for effective environmental capacity control and targeted treatment of polluted areas. This article presents the latest dataset on the occurrence of common heavy metals in the soils of the Yangtze River Basin. The dataset was compiled by reviewing peer‐reviewed literature published between 2000 and 2020. Rigorous quality control procedures were employed to ensure the accuracy of the data, including the extraction of detailed geographic locations and concentrations of heavy metals. The dataset includes 7867 records of heavy metal occurrences (Zn: 1045, Cu: 1140, Pb: 1261, Cr: 980, Cd: 1242, Ni: 649, As: 821, Hg: 729) in the soils of the Yangtze River Basin, distributed at four scale levels: province, prefecture, county, and township or finer. The results indicate that the distribution of heavy metal concentrations is relatively scattered, with higher concentrations in cities and regions with developed industry and agriculture. Cd has the highest exceedance rate (33.90%), indicating significant local contamination. Heavy metals, such as Zn at 11.96%, Ni at 12.63%, and As at 9.74%, also exceeded standard levels at certain sampling points. Cr had the lowest exceedance rate of 1.33%. This updated dataset provides essential information on the current status of heavy metals contamination in the soils of the Yangtze River Basin. It can be used for further ecological and health risk assessments and for developing strategies to remediate and prevent heavy metal contamination in the region.
Genetically Proxied Antidiabetic Drug Target and Primary Open‐Angle Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Tang Kefu , Wang Wenqiu , Chang Weiteng , Wu Xi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsObservational studies suggest that antidiabetic drugs may lower POAG risk; while the causal relationship remains unclear. Naturally occurring variation in genes encoding antidiabetics drug targets can be used as proxies to investigate long‐term therapeutic effect of these drugs on POAG risk.MethodsWe performed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization study to evaluate the potential effect of antidiabetic drug targets on POAG in Europeans and East Asians. To proxy antidiabetic drugs (ABCC8, PPARG, GLP1R, SLC5A2), we leveraged genetic variants located near or within drug target genes that were associated with HbA1c. The validity of our ancestry‐specific genetic instrument was checked with multipul positive control outcomes. Genetic summary statistics of POAG from the International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium, Global Biobank Meta‐analysis Initiative, and FinnGen consortia were analyzed for Europeans (38,164 cases and 1,576,179 controls) and East Asians (16,650 cases and 288,833 controls) separately. Inverse‐variance weighted random‐effects models were used as primary method.ResultsMR results provided consistent evidence of a protective effect of ABCC8 inhibition on POAG using data sets from IGG, GBMI, and FinnGen. Genetically predicted one‐standard deviation reduction in HbA1c from ABCC8 inhibition were significant associated with lower risk of POAG in Europeans (OR = 0.211, 95% CI: 0.133–0.333; p < 0.001) and East Asians (OR = 0.070, 95% CI: 0.011–0.459; p = 0.0056). The association between genetically predicted ABCC8 inhibition and risk of POAG was mainly mediated through intraocular pressure. No association was found for PPARG, SLC5A2, or GLP1R. Sensitivity analyses supported this observation.ConclusionsWe found a protective effect of genetically proxied ABCC8 inhibition on POAG risk in both Europeans and East Asians, highlighting ABCC8 as a promising candidate drug target for POAG, and mechanisms underlying the protective effect should also be investigated.
Factors influencing digital outsourcing companies to adopt digital work: An investigation using Q‐methodology
Authors: Nyoni Ntombiyokusa , Bvuma Stella , Marnewick Carl 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the perspectives of digital outsourcing companies to determine what motivates them to adopt digital work. The perspectives assist in formulating strategies for encouraging companies to outsource to digital workers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to (1) determine the perspectives of digital outsourcing companies regarding the adoption of digital work and (2) explore how digital work can contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 8. The study makes three contributions: methodological, practical, and theoretical. The methodological contribution is through Q‐methodology, which identifies patterns of perspectives and motivations of digital outsourcing companies. Four perspectives were identified through this methodology, two social perspectives (productivity‐oriented and digital worker‐oriented perspectives) and two emerging perspectives (platform‐oriented and flexible perspectives). The perspectives show that it is essential that digital workers are well equipped in terms of work ethics, technical skills, and other skills to ensure that these are aligned with the needs of digital outsourcing companies. Second, the study contributes to practical methods to motivate companies to outsource to digital workers. Lastly, the study provides new insights into the perspective of digital outsourcing companies, a topic that has received little attention, especially in the context of developing countries.
Genetic and antigenic characterization of influenza A(H3N2) virus after 13 consecutive years of influenza surveillance in Senegal, 2010–2022
Authors: Jallow Mamadou Malado , Barry Mamadou Aliou , Ndiaye Ndiendé Koba , Touré Cheikh Talibouya , Talla Cheikh , Kiori Davy , Sagne Samba Niang , Sy Sara , Goudiaby Deborah , Niang Mbayame Ndiaye , Diagne Moussa Moise , Fall Gamou , Loucoubar Cheikh , Dia Ndongo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite decades of influenza surveillance in many African countries, little is known about the evolutionary dynamics of seasonal influenza viruses. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological, genetic and antigenic profiles of A/H3N2 viruses in Senegal from 2010 to 2022. A/H3N2 infection was confirmed using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, a representative of A/H3N2 isolates was selected for genome sequencing. Predicted vaccine efficacy was measured using the Pepitope model. During the study period, 22638 samples were tested and influenza was detected in 31.8%, among which type A was confirmed in 78.1%. Of the Influenza A cases, the H3N2 subtype was detected in 29.8%, peaking at expected times during the rainy season. Genome sequencing of 123A/H3N2 isolates yielded 24 complete and 99 partial genomic sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulation of multiple clades of A/H3N2 in Senegal, including 2a.3, 3C.2 and 3C.3a. A/H3N2 isolates were mainly susceptible to the influenza antiviral drugs oseltamivir and zanamivir, but the primary adamantine‐resistance marker, S31N was encountered in all isolates. At least nine potential N‐linked glycosylation sites were predicted among A/H3N2 strains, six of which (at positions 24, 38, 79, 181, 262 and 301) remains conserved among all isolates. Antigenic distances between circulating strains and vaccine viruses indicated varying vaccine efficacies, from suboptimal to moderate protection. The findings emphasize the need to enhance local genomic and antigenic surveillance and further research on influenza epidemiology and genetic evolution in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Evaluation of CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models Based on Weather Types Applied to the South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Borato Luana , Härter Fetter Filho Antonio Fernando , Gomes da Silva Paula , Mendez Fernando Javier , da Fontoura Klein Antonio Henrique 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTChanges in climate in the South Atlantic region and adjacent regions have been described in numerous works using projections from global climate models from CMIP5 and CMIP6. This paper presents an evaluation of the ability of these models to reproduce the atmospheric circulation patterns (weather types) and their seasonal and inter‐annual variability. The analyses are performed based on the probability of occurrence of weather types in the historical period and in future projections. The scatter index and the relative entropy are the statistical parameters used to evaluate the models' performance in the historical period. Future projections consist of RCP2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios for the CMIP5 models and the SSP126, 245, 370 and 585 scenarios for the CMIP6 and are assessed at different time intervals: short term (2015–2039), mid‐term (2040–2069) and long term (2070–2100). The performance of projections is measured by analysing their consistency, that is, based on the similarity between projections of the same scenario in different models. The results show that the reproduction of the probability of occurrence of historical weather types and their seasonal and interannual variability was better performed by ACCESS1‐0, HadGEM2‐ES, HadGEM2‐CC, CMCC‐CM and MPI‐ESM‐P when assessing the models from CMIP5, and by HadGEM3‐GC31‐MM, ACCESS‐ESM1‐5, ACCESS‐ CM2 and MRI‐ESM‐P when assessing the models from CMIP6. As for future projections, only the BESM‐AO2‐5, GFDL‐ESM4 and HadGEM3‐GC31‐MM models showed inconsistency in one or more scenarios.
A Giant Optically Anisotropic Phosphate Driven by Mixed Valence Mercury Units
Authors: Li Peng‐Fei , Hu Chun‐Li , Mao Jiang‐Gao , Kong Fang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhosphate crystals are known for their low birefringence, a result of the symmetrical tetrahedral structure of PO4 groups. Attempts to increase their birefringence have traditionally involved the incorporation of highly anisotropic ions and groups. Yet, the majority of the modified phospates still exhibit a birefringence value below 0.1, due to the counteracting effects of anisotropic elements within the tetrahedral coordination. The present study has for the first time discovered a novel birefringence‐active HgI2HgIIO9 unit and successfully constructed a highly anisotropic layered structure, which ingeniously prevents the mutual cancellation of anisotropic effects. This synthesis of HgI2HgII(Te2O4)2(HPO4)2 confirms the effectiveness of this strategy, yielding a birefringence of 0.444 at 546 nm, which outperforms 99% of phosphate crystals and surpasses that of commercial counterparts like YVO4 (0.209@1064 nm) and CaCO3 (0.175@533 nm). Structural analysis and PAWED calculations indicate that the significant birefringence is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the HgI2HgIIO9 unit (23.76%), HPO4 tetrahaedron (24.24%) and TeO4 group (51.99%). This breakthrough paves the way for phosphates to meet the demands of modern technological advancements, expanding their potential applications in the field of anisotropic optics.
Optimal weighting strategies for maximizing contrast‐to‐noise ratio in photon counting CT images
Authors: Yang Yirong , Wang Sen , Stevens Grant M. , Fan Jiahua , Wang Adam S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhoton counting detectors (PCDs) with energy discrimination capabilities have the potential to generate grayscale CT images with improved contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) through optimal weighting of their spectral measurements.PurposeThis study evaluates the CNR performance of grayscale CT projections and images generated from spectral measurements of PCDs using three energy‐weighting strategies: pre‐log weighting, post‐log weighting, and material decomposition (MD) weighting. This study provides the expressions of optimal weights and maximum achievable CNR of these energy‐weighting strategies, which only require the knowledge of detected bin counts and do not require information of PCD energy responses or imaging techniques.MethodsWe defined and solved a generalized eigenvalue problem to obtain the maximum achievable CNR in the projection domain for low‐contrast tasks using three energy‐weighting strategies: pre‐log weighting (weighted sum of energy bin counts), post‐log weighting (weighted sum of line integrals), and MD weighting (weighted sum of basis material thicknesses, which is equivalent to virtual monoenergetic images [VMIs]). These expressions only contain energy bin counts from PCD measurements. We used a realistic PCD energy response model to simulate the detected bin counts and conducted Monte Carlo simulations of different contrast tasks and phantoms to evaluate the projection‐ and image‐domain CNR performance of these energy‐weighting strategies. Additionally, the total counts method (a special case of pre‐log weighting with unity weights) was included for comparison. We also conducted Gammex head and body phantom scans on an edge‐on‐irradiated silicon PCCT prototype to evaluate the image‐domain CNR performance of these energy‐weighting strategies.ResultsThe results show that pre‐log, post‐log, and MD weighting strategies generate approximately equal projection‐domain maximum achievable CNR, with a difference of less than 2%, and outperform the total counts method. These three energy‐weighting strategies also generate approximately equal image‐domain maximum CNR when the contrast task is located at the center of a homogeneous phantom. Pre‐log weighting generates the highest image‐domain CNR for an off‐center contrast task location or inhomogeneous phantoms while also outperforming the total counts method.ConclusionsWe derived the expression of projection‐domain maximum achievable CNR using three energy‐weighting strategies. Our results suggest that using pre‐log weighting strategies enables fast grayscale CT image generation with high CNR from spectral PCD measurements for inhomogeneous phantoms and off‐center region of interests (ROIs).
Managing Vitality, Sustainable Performance and Fatigue in Nursing Home Staff: A Multi‐Location Cross‐Sectional Survey Study: Empirical Research Quantitative
Authors: de Jonge Jan , Backhaus Ramona , Hamers Jan P. H. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimThis study examines the moderating role of specific job resources in the association between job demands, vigour, sustainable performance and fatigue in nursing home staff.DesignA multi‐location cross‐sectional survey study in line with the STROBE guidelines.MethodsOnline self‐completion questionnaires were distributed in the Summer of 2022. A total of 667 healthcare employees from 24 nursing home locations in the Netherlands participated in this study. Data were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis.ResultsJob resources were able to moderate the relation between job demands on the one hand, and vigour, sustainable performance and fatigue on the other. Regression analyses revealed that high cognitive job resources moderated (i.e., strengthened) the positive association between cognitive job demands and successively cognitive liveliness, physical strength and sustainable performance. Furthermore, high emotional job resources moderated (i.e., buffered) the positive relation between emotional job demands and emotional and cognitive fatigue, respectively.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that job resources are crucial for nursing home staff to deal with their high job demands. Maintaining a healthy balance between job demands and sufficient, matching, job resources to promote vigour and sustainable performance, as well as to prevent fatigue of staff, seems to be important.Implications for the ProfessionThere is an urgent need to train nursing home staff to cope better with increasing job demands. Because job demands cannot be reduced in many situations, this study revealed that the idea of boosting job resources instead is appealing to both staff and managers.Patient or Public ContributionDutch healthcare staff from 24 nursing home locations were involved in this study by responding to the online survey.
Comparison of Prior Distributions for the Heterogeneity Parameter in a Rare Events Meta‐Analysis of a Few Studies
Authors: Yao Minghong , Mei Fan , Zou Kang , Li Ling , Sun Xin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBayesian meta‐analysis is a promising approach for rare events meta‐analysis. However, the inference of the overall effect in rare events meta‐analysis is sensitive to the choice of prior distribution for the heterogeneity parameter. Therefore, it is crucial to assign a convincing prior specification and ensure that it is both plausible and transparent. Various priors for the heterogeneity parameter have been proposed; however, the comparative performance of alternative prior specifications in rare events meta‐analysis is poorly understood. Based on a binomial‐normal hierarchical model, we conducted a comprehensive simulation study to compare seven heterogeneity prior specifications for binary outcomes, using the odds ratio as the metric. We compared their performance in terms of coverage, median percentage bias, width of the 95% credible interval, and root mean square error (RMSE). We illustrate the results with two recently published rare events meta‐analyses of a few studies. The results show that the half‐normal prior (with a scale of 0.5), the prior proposed by Turner et al. for the general healthcare setting (without restriction to a specific type of outcome) and for the adverse event setting perform well when the degree of heterogeneity is not relatively high, yielding smaller bias and shorter interval widths with similar coverage and RMSE in most cases compared to other prior specifications. None of the priors performed better when the heterogeneity between‐studies were significantly extreme.
Tractor Mounted Grapevine Pruning System
Authors: Felicetti Matthew J. , Ross Robert , Putland Stuart , Bennett Stephen 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe pruning of grapevines is essential in managing and ensuring high‐quality fruit yields. This task traditionally requires a lot of labor and time to perform, which, given labor shortages, can significantly impact crop yield if it is not completed. Hence, this paper introduces a semi‐automated pruning system that can be mounted to a standard tractor and operated by a single user. We leverage LIDAR technology to determine the cutting position using a purpose‐built algorithm, a four‐bar mechanism with a rotary cutting head, and GPS to determine speed changes. We can demonstrate that our system can prune a cordon with minimal damage to the plant at a rate of 7.3 s/vine.
Supercritical CO2‐Guided Passivation Strategies for Oxygen Vacancy Modulation in LaMnO3
Authors: Tan Mingzhu , Fu Duo , Gao Bo , Liang Yuning , Xu Qun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of 2D magnetic materials and the modulation of intrinsic magnetism are essential for the exploration of new materials in the field of information storage. Despite its strong ferromagnetic properties, LaMnO3 is hindered by a high number of oxygen defects, which result in a relatively short lifetime when employed in electronic memory devices. Here the successful transformation of bulk LaMnO3 into a 2D structure using supercritical carbon dioxide.is reported. This technique enables the successful modulation of the magnetic properties of the material. Interestingly, it is found that the oxygen defect is repaired, which is in sharp contrast to conventional perovskites. These promising results demonstrate the potential of using the magnetic properties of LaMnO3, which is of great importance in the context of expanding its application in electronic devices.