bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzymatically synthesized megalo-type isomaltosaccharides enhance the barrier function of the tight junction in the intestinal epithelium
Authors: Hara Hiroshi , Kume Shunsuke , Iizuka Takahisa , Fujimoto Yoshinori , Kimura Atsuo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMegalo-type isomaltosaccharides are an enzymatically synthesized foodstuff produced by transglucosylation from maltodextrin, and they contain a mid-chain length polymer of D-glucose with α-1,6-glycoside linkages. The injection of a solution of megalo-type isomaltosaccharides (1–4%(w/v), average DP = 12.6), but not oligo-type isomaltosaccharides (average DP = 3.3), into the intestinal lumen dose-dependently reduced the transport rates of tight junction permeable markers in a ligated loop of the anesthetized rat jejunum. Application of the megalosaccharide also suppressed the transport of tight junction markers and enhanced transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Cholesterol sequestration by methyl-β-cyclodextrin in the Caco-2 monolayers abolished the effect of megalosaccharide. Treatment with anti-caveolin-1 and a caveolae inhibitor, but not clathrin-dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis inhibitors, suppressed the increase in TEER. These results indicate that isomaltosaccharides promote the barrier function of tight junctions in the intestinal epithelium in a chain-length dependent manner and that caveolae play a role in the effect.
Development and application of oxidative stress biomarkers
Authors: Osawa Toshihiko 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Oxidative stress may cause a wide variety of free radical reactions to produce deleterious modifications in membranes, proteins, enzymes, and DNA. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated by myeloperoxidase (MPO) can induce lipid peroxidation and also play an important role in the generation of reactive chlorinating and brominating species. As the universal biomarkers, chemical, and immunochemical approach on oxidatively modified and halogenated tyrosines has been carried out. As amido-type adduct biomarkers, chemical, and immunochemical evaluation of hexanoyl- and propanoyl-lysines, hexanoyl- and propanoyl-dopamines and phospholipids were prepared and developed for application of evaluation of novel antioxidative functional food factors. We have also involved in application of oxidatively modified DNAs such as 8-hydroxy- and 8-halogenated deoxyguanosines as the useful biomarkers for age-related diseases using both in vitro and in vivo systems. Application of these oxidative stress biomarkers for novel type of functional food development and recent approach for development of novel evaluation systems are also discussed.
Highlights of the São Paulo ISEV workshop on extracellular vesicles in cross‐kingdom communication
Authors: Soares Rodrigo P. , Xander Patrícia , Costa Adriana Oliveira , Marcilla Antonio , Menezes‐Neto Armando , Del Portillo Hernando , Witwer Kenneth , Wauben Marca , Nolte‐'T Hoen Esther , Olivier Martin , Criado Miriã Ferreira , da Silva Luis Lamberti P. , Abdel Baqui Munira Muhammad , Schenkman Sergio , Colli Walter , Alves Maria Julia Manso , Ferreira Karen Spadari , Puccia Rosana , Nejsum Peter , Riesbeck Kristian , Stensballe Allan , Hansen Eline Palm , Jaular Lorena Martin , Øvstebø Reidun , de la Canal Laura , Bergese Paolo , Pereira‐Chioccola Vera , Pfaffl Michael W. , Fritz Joëlle , Gho Yong Song , Torrecilhas Ana Claudia 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTIn the past years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become an important field of research since EVs have been found to play a central role in biological processes. In pathogens, EVs are involved in several events during the host–pathogen interaction, including invasion, immunomodulation, and pathology as well as parasite–parasite communication. In this report, we summarised the role of EVs in infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths based on the talks and discussions carried out during the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) workshop held in São Paulo (November, 2016), Brazil, entitled Cross‐organism Communication by Extracellular Vesicles: Hosts, Microbes and Parasites.
Study of lateral distribution of impurities on samples exposed in the ASDEX Upgrade using microbeam of 3He and 1H
Authors: Kelemen M , Založnik A , Vavpetič P , Pelicon P , Hakola A , Meisl G , Oberkofler M , Krieger K , Brezinsek S , Markelj S 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we present the use of focused MeV ion beams to study the distribution of deuterium (D), boron (B) and nitrogen (N) on tungsten (W) samples exposed in the divertor region of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak during 15N-seeded L-mode discharges in deuterium and during non-seeded H-mode discharges in helium. In both experiment samples of various surface roughness were exposed and analyzed: W coatings on milled or polished graphite substrates and bulk W samples, ranging from the roughest (milled) to the smoothest (bulk W), to study the effects of surface roughness on deposition profiles of D, B and N. In the case of samples from the 15N experiment, we found that D, N and B are distributed quite homogeneously over the sample on the micrometer scale with some small variation inside the analysed area. The surface densities show strong variations in the poloidal direction, with maximum values slightly above the strike point. The amounts of the retained (D, B, N) were strongly correlated with the surface roughness of the samples, being the highest on the rough samples. Samples originating from the He campaign showed inhomogeneous distribution of impurities with a distinct micro-scale structure, which is most pronounced on pre-damaged W samples, where a rough fuzz-like surface is created during the exposure in the GLADIS machine. We observe a distinct difference in behavior of deposited B profiles from both experiments with higher retention of B in the He experiment.
Analyzes of students’ higher-order thinking skills of heat and temperature concept
Authors: Budiarti Indah Slamet , Suparmi A. , Sarwanto  , Harjana  
Published: November 2017

Abstract
High order thinking skills refer to three highest domains of the revised Bloom Taxonomy. The aims of the research were to analyze the student’s higher-order thinking skills of heat and temperature concept. The samples were taken by purposive random sampling technique consisted of 85 high school students from 3 senior high schools in Jayapura city. The descriptive qualitative method was employed in this study. The data were collected by using tests and interviews regarding the subject matters of heat and temperature. Based on the results of data analysis, it was concluded that 68.24% of the students have a high order thinking skills in the analysis, 3.53% of the students have a high order thinking skills in evaluating, and 0% of the students have a high order thinking skills in creation.
Redistributive Land Reform and Structural Change in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan
Authors: İşcan Talan B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRedistributive land reforms implemented in post‐WWII Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan have often been considered a substantial stimulus for these countries’ subsequent economic growth. Before the reforms, there were a small number of large landlords and many small tenant cultivators, but after the reforms, tenancy effectively disappeared. This article assesses the impact of reforms on structural change and income per capita, and shows that reforms were responsible for at least half of the actual reallocation of labor out of agriculture in each of these countries in the aftermath of the reforms. By contrast, their impact on income per capita was small.
Deep coverage whole genome sequences and plasma lipoprotein(a) in individuals of European and African ancestries
Authors: Zekavat Seyedeh M. , Ruotsalainen Sanni , Handsaker Robert E. , Alver Maris , Bloom Jonathan , Poterba Tim , Seed Cotton , Ernst Jason , Chaffin Mark , Engreitz Jesse , Correa Adolfo , Metspalu Andres , Salomaa Veikko , Kellis Manolis , Daly Mark J. , Wilson James G. , Neale Benjamin M. , McCaroll Steven , Surakka Ida , Esko Tonu , Ganna Andrea , Ripatti Samuli , Kathiresan Sekar , Natarajan Pradeep ,   NHLBI TOPMed Lipids Working Group
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTLipoprotein(a), Lp(a), is a modified low-density lipoprotein particle where apolipoprotein(a) (protein product of theLPAgene) is covalently attached to apolipoprotein B. Lp(a) is a highly heritable, causal risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and varies in concentrations across ancestries. To comprehensively delineate the inherited basis for plasma Lp(a), we performed deep-coverage whole genome sequencing in 8,392 individuals of European and African American ancestries. Through whole genome variant discovery and direct genotyping of all structural variants overlappingLPA, we quantified the 5.5kb kringle IV-2 copy number (KIV2-CN), a knownLPAstructural polymorphism, and developed a model for its imputation. Through common variant analysis, we discovered a novel locus (SORT1) associated with Lp(a)-cholesterol, and also genetic modifiers of KIV2-CN. Furthermore, in contrast to previous GWAS studies, we explain most of the heritability of Lp(a), observing Lp(a) to be 85% heritable among African Americans and 75% among Europeans, yet with notable inter-ethnic heterogeneity. Through analyses of aggregates of rare coding and non-coding variants with Lp(a)-cholesterol, we found the only genome-wide significant signal to be at a non-codingSLC22A3intronic window also previously described to be associated with Lp(a); however, this association was mitigated by adjustment with KIV2-CN. Finally, using an additional imputation dataset (N=27,344), we performed Mendelian randomization ofLPAvariant classes, finding that genetically regulated Lp(a) is more strongly associated with incident cardiovascular diseases than directly measured Lp(a), and is significantly associated with measures of subclinical atherosclerosis in African Americans.
Genomic and geographic footprints of differential introgression between two highly divergent fish species
Authors: Souissi Ahmed , Bonhomme François , Manchado Manuel , Bahri-Sfar Lilia , Gagnaire Pierre-Alexandre 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInvestigating variation in gene flow across the genome between closely related species is important to understand how reproductive isolation builds up during the speciation process. An efficient way to characterize differential gene flow is to study how the genetic interactions that take place in hybrid zones selectively filter gene exchange between species, leading to heterogeneous genome divergence. In the present study, genome-wide divergence and introgression patterns were investigated between two sole species,Solea senegalensisandSolea aegyptiaca, using a restriction-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) approach to analyze samples taken from a transect spanning the hybrid zone. An integrative approach combining geographic and genomic clines methods with an analysis of individual locus introgression taking into account the demographic history of divergence inferred from the joint allele frequency spectrum was conducted. Our results showed that only a minor fraction of the genome can still substantially introgress between the two species due to genome-wide congealing. We found multiple evidence for a preferential direction of introgression in theS. aegyptiacagenetic background, indicating a possible recent or ongoing movement of the hybrid zone. Deviant introgression signals found in the opposite direction supported that the Mediterranean populations ofS. senegalensiscould have benefited from adaptive introgression. Our study thus illustrates the varied outcomes of genetic interactions between divergent gene pools that recently met after a long history of divergence.
Refactoring gene sequences for broad assembly standards compatibility
Authors: Shepherd Tyson R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFour cloning standards in synthetic biology are BioBrick, BglBrick, MoClo and GoldenBraid, with each requiring their constitutive parts be compatible with the associated restriction enzymes. To standardize parts for the broadest usage, it would be useful to synthesize genes that are simultaneously compatible with all 4 popular assembly strategies. Here it is shown that using a defined set of rules, implemented in a computational program, any protein coding sequence can be made compatible with all four standards by silent mutations. Using a coding sequence as an input, all BioBrick, BglBrick, MoClo, and GoldenBraid restriction sites and chi recombination hot spots can be destroyed with silent mutations that approximate the codon usage of the organism. As an application, all open reading frames in the model organisms Escherichia Coli and Bacillus Subtilis are computationally refactored, showing the feasibility of implementing this umbrella strategy for synthesizing genes with the broadest compatibility.
The mediating role of absorptive capacity on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and technological innovation capabilities
Authors: Aljanabi AbdulQadir Rahomee Ahmed 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the relationships between entrepreneurial orientation (EO), absorptive capacity (ACAP), and technological innovation capabilities (TIC) among industrial SMEs operating in an unstable environment. The research also aims to determine whether ACAP has a mediating role in the relation between EO and TIC.Design/methodology/approachA structural equation model was designed to examine the relationships. On the basis of a research framework, a self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data from SMEs owners in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. There were 432 out of 676 questionnaires returned and subsequently used for statistical analysis.FindingsThe outcomes of the present research indicate both EO and ACAP have significant effects on TIC. Furthermore, the outcomes suggest that ACAP has a mediation role in the nexus between EO and TIC and that indicates the ability of EO to strengthen TIC via ACAP.Originality/valueThe research contributes to the literature through three aspects. First, it provides some empirical evidence on the relationships between EO, ACAP and TIC of SMEs. Second, the research sheds light on the insights that firms can use externally generated knowledge as a mechanism to enhance their proactivity and willingness toward innovation. Third, for the innovation literature, it is valuable contribution to placing ACAP within the frame of EO. Thus, they can be advantageous to more development in innovation literature.
District stressors and teacher evaluation ratings
Authors: Lenhoff Sarah Winchell , Pogodzinski Ben , Mayrowetz David , Superfine Benjamin Michael , Umpstead Regina R. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeFederal and state policymakers in the USA have sought to better differentiate the performance of K-12 teachers by enacting more rigorous evaluation policies. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether these policies are working as intended and explore whether district stressors such as funding, enrollment, and governance are associated with outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examined teacher evaluation ratings from 687 districts in Michigan to identify the relationship between district stressors and two outcomes of interest to policymakers: frequency of high ratings and variation of ratings within districts. A qualitative index of variation was used to measure variation of the categorical rating variable.FindingsAbout 97 percent of teachers in Michigan are rated effective or highly effective, and variation measures indicate overwhelming use of only two ratings. Charter school districts have fewer teachers rated highly than traditional districts, and districts with higher fund balances have more teachers rated highly. Districts with increasing fund balances have higher variation.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that district stressors presumably unrelated to teacher performance may influence teacher evaluation ratings. State teacher evaluation reforms that give districts considerable discretion in designing their teacher evaluation models may not be sufficient for differentiating the performance of teachers.Originality/valueThis research is important as policymakers refine state systems of support for teacher evaluation and provides new evidence that current enactment of teacher evaluation reform may be limiting the value of evaluation ratings for use in personnel decisions.
Live long and prosper: the search for business longevity
Authors: Sharma Kamal , Dixit Mukund R. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss key aspects of the longevity of business enterprises across the world. It explores the parameters that set apart a company which had survived for more than 1,400 years from most large companies which survive for a fraction of this time.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper integrates observations from two important research papers on the topic, and from the author’s own research.

Findings
Contrary to expectations, long-surviving firms are usually conservative about change, exploit their opportunities rather than explore more, diversify in relevant areas, and co-operate even with their competitors to live long.

Research limitations/implications
To those companies that live long, age becomes a valuable resource in itself. Consumers see a continuous track record of a firm as a proxy for good quality, and long history can provide managers institutional memory to leverage toward further sustainability. “Long history” not only can provide anecdotes and stories to employees that exemplify the tacit core values of the firm but also, quite counter-intuitively, could be useful in transforming cultures and traditions.

Practical implications
Longevity challenge encompasses both continuity and change, but the experience filtered from many long-lived firms across the globe provides companies with insights that could inspire many more to live long and prosper.
Posturing your firm for the future: considering environmental uncertainty and managerial sentiment
Authors: Carini Gary R. , Norman Patricia M. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
All leaders must position their firms for future success. However, not all firms should search for information and craft their strategies in the same way. This paper aims to provide a framework, which suggests that firms should adopt different postures depending on extent of environmental uncertainty and whether leaders are optimistic or pessimistic about their firms’ abilities and futures.

Design/methodology/approach
This framework was designed by two strategy professors based on both strategy theory and their experience working with and observing firms over many years.

Findings
The framework’s four postures – versatile (high uncertainty, positive sentiment), inquisitive (high uncertainty, negative sentiment), focused (low uncertainty, positive sentiment), and vigilant (low uncertainty, negative sentiment) – call for different behavior as firms seek to understand environmental trends and take strategic actions. The dangers of each posture are briefly discussed.

Originality/value
This paper provides a simple framework to help executives better understand how their firms should search for and implement strategic actions for future success.
Dementia-friendly housing charter
Authors: Miles Sara , Pritchard-Wilkes Vanessa 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The dementia-friendly housing charter was developed by the sector in response to the Prime Minister’s challenge on dementia and a need for this resource within the housing sector. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the positive impact the housing sector can have on people living with dementia and identify resources available which the sector can use to support this.

Design/methodology/approach
The charter identifies relevant resources and examples of good practice to encourage their integration into all aspects of people, places and processes, the three “pillars” which the charter is built around. To develop the charter, people with dementia were engaged to identify the challenges they face and potential solutions that could be provided. The feedback of people with dementia highlighted the importance of design in housing to ensure it meets an individual’s needs as their dementia progresses. This could include adaptations such as sensor lights, plug sockets at arm level, wet rooms and open plan living. The importance of good quality training for staff was also highlighted.

Findings
There are a number of areas that were not included in the housing charter. Some were consciously not included, such as care homes, while others such as issues apparent when considering the wider agenda of equality are now being explored and will be incorporated.

Originality/value
In the first three months, over 600 copies of the charter were downloaded by a range of organisations including housing with care providers, local authorities and housing associations. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the charter will take place during Autumn 2017 to understand more about the success and limitations of the charter after which amends will be made if required.
Soil gross N ammonification and nitrification from tropical to temperate forests in eastern China
Authors: Wang Changhui , Wang Nannan , Zhu Jianxing , Liu Yuan , Xu Xiaofeng , Niu Shuli , Yu Guirui , Han Xingguo , He Nianpeng 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) ammonification and nitrification are two primary microbial processes controlling the availability of soil ammonium (NH4+), a key nutrient for vegetative growth. The large‐scale patterns of gross ammonification (GA) and gross nitrification (GN) rates represent soil microbial adaptations to different vegetative and environmental conditions. In this study, we investigated GA and GN rates in nine forest soils along a 3,700‐km north–south transect in eastern China.

We used 15N‐labelling techniques, along with field experiments and laboratory incubations, to assess in situ and potential rates of the GA and GN. The mean in situ GA rate was 4.9 ± 0.5 mg N kg−1 day−1, whereas the mean potential rate of GA was 32.0 ± 8.6 mg N kg−1 day−1. The mean in situ GN rate was 1.7 ± 0.3 mg N kg−1 day−1 (potential GN rate: 3.2 ± 0.6 mg N kg−1 day−1). GA was significantly higher than GN along the transect, and there were high variations in GA and GN among different forests. Significant relationships were identified between meteorological factors (temperature and precipitation) and the GA and GN rates during the sampling month (August 2013). However, the mean GA rate in primary forest was significantly lower in the Huzhong (HZ), Dongling (DL), Taiyue (TY) and Dinghu (DH) sites compared with other sites, whereas with the exception of the Liangshui (LS) sampling site, the mean GN rate in primary and secondary forests showed the same trends. Significant differences in GA rates were found between primary and secondary forests at the LS and Changbai (CB) sites, and differences were detected in GN rate at the HZ, LS and Jiulian (JL) sites.

Structural equation modelling analysis suggested that soil N contents, microbial biomass N pool sizes and bacterial abundance are the primary determinants of the in situ rates of GA and GN. The strong control of edaphic factors on GA and GN indicates a need to improve soil N models with more explicit representation of edaphic factors and their control on soil N transformations.

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