bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient extension of three-step optimal iterative scheme into with memory and its stability
Authors: Kumar Nishant , Cordero Alicia , Jaiswal J. P. , Torregrosa Juan R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this research paper, a novel approach is presented to solving nonlinear equations by modifying an existing optimal eight-order method. The proposed method introduces a three-step iterative process with memory, aiming to enhance the convergence rate without requiring additional function evaluations. To achieve this acceleration, the method incorporates a combination of a single parameter and double self-accelerating parameters. The values of these parameters are estimated using a Hermite interpolating polynomial technique. By leveraging this estimation approach, the convergence order of the original iterative method without memory is increased from eight to eleven. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the proposed method through numerous examples. These examples serve to support the theoretical findings and demonstrate its stability and the superior convergence rate achieved by the three-step with memory approach.
Vom Symptom zur Diagnose: Nykturie
Authors: Cermak Stefanie , Brunaiova Lujza 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Nykturie ist eines der häufigsten Symptome in der urologischen Praxis. Die Prävalenz der Nykturie steigt mit dem Alter. In Anbetracht der aktuellen demografischen Situation ist davon auszugehen, dass die Prävalenz und somit Relevanz im klinischen Alltag weiter ansteigen. Die Nykturie kann durch verschiedene Ursachen bedingt sein, die unterschiedliche Organsysteme betreffen. Eine genaue Definition der Nykturie sowie die Identifikation der führenden Ätiologie sind entscheidend für eine zielführende Therapie und die Linderung der Symptome. Eine enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Hausärzten, Urologen und Ärzten anderer Fachdisziplinen ist hierfür unerlässlich. Nykturiespezifische Fragebögen können bei der Diagnosestellung helfen und eine Einschätzung des Einflusses auf die Lebensqualität ermöglichen. Bei der Therapieentscheidung sollte der Einfluss der Nykturie auf die Lebensqualität berücksichtigt werden. Es ist wichtig, realistische Erwartungen zu vermitteln und Patienten darüber aufzuklären, dass die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten der Nykturie begrenzt sein können.
Delayed neurological deficit due to a medially misplaced thoracic pedicle screw during adolescent idiopathic scoliosis correction: a complication 6 years in the making
Authors: Suggala Sudhir , Dyess Garrett A. , Darbin Olivier , Menger Richard P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Neurological deficits developing years after pedicle screw misplacement is a rare phenomenon. Here, we report level IV evidence of a previously asymptomatic medial thoracic pedicle screw resulting in paraparesis after a motor vehicle accident.

Methods
A 21-year-old male presented with acute onset of paraparesis following a motor vehicle collision. Six years prior this incident, the patient underwent a thoracolumbar fusion T4-L4 for AIS performed by an outside orthopedic surgeon. CT scan and CT myelogram illustrated decreased spinal canal diameter and cord compression from a medial T8 pedicle screw.

Results
Surgical removal of the misplaced pedicle screw resulted in a gradual complete recovery sustained over a period of 2 years. This case is compared to those reported in the literature review between 1981 and 2019 concerning delayed neurological deterioration related to misplaced pedicle screw.

Conclusion
This case reports a delayed neurological deficit implicating a misplaced pedicle screw. This phenomenon remains rare since 5 cases were reported in the literature over the last 4 decades. It calls into focus the need for confirmation of safe instrumentation during the intraoperative period. It also illustrates the potential difficult decision-making in regard to asymptomatic misplaced instrumentation.

Level of evidence
IV
A hydrogen sulphide-releasing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, ATB-346, significantly attenuates human myometrial contractions
Authors: Mijušković Ana , Wray Susan , Arrowsmith Sarah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Spontaneous preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Tocolytics are drugs used to inhibit uterine contractions in cases of imminent preterm birth, however, few are effective in stopping labour once initiated and all have side effects. Combination approaches involving drugs that target multiple signalling pathways that regulate contractions may increase efficacy, reduce dosage and improve tolerability. Both non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S)-releasing compounds can reduce myometrial contractions. In a novel approach we evaluated the tocolytic properties of ATB-346–a H2S-releasing derivative of the NSAID naproxen, shown clinically to reduce pain and inflammation in arthritis.

Methods
Using organ baths, paired strips of human myometrium were exposed to increasing concentrations of ATB-346, or equimolar concentrations (10µM and 30µM) of the parent drug, naproxen, or the H2S-releasing moiety, 4-hydroxy-thiobenzamide (TBZ), alone. The ability of ATB-346 versus the individual components of ATB-346 to decrease ex vivo spontaneous contractions was investigated, and the potency was compared to a known H2S donor, Na2S.

Results
Acute application of Na2S produced a concentration-dependent decrease in force amplitude and force integral (area under the curve) of contraction. ATB-346 produced a more profound decrease in contraction compared to equimolar concentrations of naproxen or TZB alone and was more potent than the equivalent concentration of Na2S.

Conclusions
ATB-346 exhibits potent tocolytic properties in human myometrium. These exciting results call for further exploration of ATB-346, with a view to repurposing this or similar drugs as novel therapies for delaying preterm labour.
Computational aspects of the geometric mean of two matrices: a survey
Authors: Bini Dario A. , Iannazzo Bruno 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlgorithms for the computation of the (weighted) geometric mean G of two positive definite matrices are described and discussed. For large and sparse matrices the problem of computing the product $$y=Gb$$

y
=
G
b

, and of solving the linear system $$Gx=b$$

G
x
=
b

, without forming G, is addressed. An analysis of the conditioning is provided. Substantial numerical experimentation is carried out to test and compare the performances of these algorithms in terms of CPU time, numerical stability, and number of iterative steps.
The role of radiomics analysis in the assessment of renal nodules on CT
Authors: Zannotti Alice , Borgheresi Alessandra , Mariotti Francesco , Giacomelli Gloria , Tola Elisabetta , Cesari Elisa , Marchegiani Marzia , Sternardi Francesca , Cimadamore Alessia , Agostini Andrea , Galosi Andrea Benedetto , Giovagnoni Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To develop a radiomics model for the characterization of renal nodules on CT.

Methods
Patients who underwent surgical resection of renal nodules, with preoperative CT (LightSpeed VCT, GE) with contrast agent (Iopamidol 370; 1.5 ml/kg) and availability of a histopathological report, were retrospectively included. Renal lesions were segmented by two radiologists in consensus, in the arterial phase on the axial section with greater diameter. The radiomics analysis was performed with validated software (PyRadiomics on Syngo.via Frontier, Siemens) by applying normalization, resampling (1,1,1), setting bin width (15), and applying padding (2). The extracted features were used for training and testing machine learning models (random forest and support vector machine (end point: clear cell carcinoma, ccRCC).

Results
45 patients were included (mean age 56 years; 34/45 ccRCC). SVM e RF models obtained an AUC of 0.84 and accuracy of 0.87 and 0.80, respectively, in the testing phase.

Conclusion
Radiomics analysis is feasible and effective in the characterization of renal lesions on CT.
Impact of a tracheal aspirate culture diagnostic test stewardship intervention in a tertiary care PICU
Authors: Chiotos Kathleen , Lee Giyoung , Sydney Guy , Woods-Hill Charlotte , Wolfe Heather , Stinson Hannah R. , Piccione Joseph , Blumenthal Jennifer , Keim Garrett , Li Yun , Traynor Danielle , Dudhia Aaditya , Doll Ashlee , Harris Rebecca , Gerber Jeffrey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjective:To assess the impact of a diagnostic test stewardship intervention focused on tracheal aspirate cultures.Design:Quality improvement intervention.Setting:Tertiary care pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Patients:Mechanically ventilated children admitted between 9/2018 and 8/2022.Methods:We developed and implemented a consensus guideline for obtaining tracheal aspirate cultures through a series of Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. Change in culture rates and broad-spectrum antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) per 100 ventilator days were analyzed using statistical process control charts. A secondary analysis comparing the preintervention baseline (9/2018–8/2020) to the postintervention period (9/2020–8/2021) was performed using Poisson regression.Results:The monthly tracheal aspirate culture rate prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (9/2018–3/2020) was 4.6 per 100 ventilator days. A centerline shift to 3.1 cultures per 100 ventilator days occurred in 4/2020, followed by a second shift to 2.0 cultures per 100 ventilator days in 12/2020 after guideline implementation. In our secondary analysis, the monthly tracheal aspirate culture rate decreased from 4.3 cultures preintervention (9/2018–8/2020) to 2.3 cultures per 100 ventilator days postintervention (9/2020–8/2021) (IRR 0.52, 95% CI 0.47–0.59, P < 0.01). Decreases in tracheal aspirate culture use were driven by decreases in inappropriate cultures. Treatment of ventilator-associated infections decreased from 1.0 to 0.7 antibiotic courses per 100 ventilator days (P = 0.03). There was no increase in mortality, length of stay, readmissions, or ventilator-associated pneumonia postintervention.Conclusion:A diagnostic test stewardship intervention was both safe and effective in reducing the rate of tracheal aspirate cultures and treatment of ventilator-associated infections in a tertiary PICU.
El Estado disperso: Relaciones ciudadanía-Estado en el Ecuador durante la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Hill Michael D. , Fernández-Salvador Consuelo , Navarrete Mateo , Cuito Emilia 
Published: September 2024

Resumen
Este artículo teoriza las relaciones entre la ciudadanía y el Estado ecuatoriano durante el primer año y medio de la pandemia COVID-19. Basado en una metodología cualitativa de entrevistas, las perspectivas de los participantes revelan relaciones contradictorias con el gobierno características de los estados de seguridad neoliberales, pero también de patrones (pos)coloniales persistentes de exclusión racista y clasista: por un lado, un sentido de abandono del Estado, particularmente en salud pública y educación; y por otro lado, la fuerza represiva del Estado en su uso de medidas militares y policiales y de estados de excepción. Proponemos el término estado disperso para referirnos a estas tendencias opuestas de simultánea ausencia y presencia estatal. Argumentamos que las respuestas ciudadanas a la ausencia estatal incluyen cierta aceptación del retorno de las funciones educativas y sanitarias a comunidades, hogares e individuos, provocando de todas maneras nuevas formas de adaptación y creatividad cultural. En cuanto a la presencia represiva del Estado, los participantes expresaron apoyo considerable hacia medidas estatales autoritarias, frecuentemente justificadas por discursos esencialistas sobre el carácter de la ciudadanía nacional.
A Novel Surface Energy Balance Method for Thermal Inertia Studies of Terrestrial Analogs
Authors: Koeppel Ari H. D. , Edwards Christopher S. , Edgar Lauren A. , Nowicki Scott , Bennett Kristen A. , Gullikson Amber , Piqueux Sylvain , Eifert Helen , Chapline Daphne , Rogers A. Deanne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSurface thermal inertia derived from satellite imagery offers a valuable tool for remotely mapping the physical structure and water content of planetary regolith. Efforts to quantify thermal inertia using surface temperatures on Earth, however, have consistently yielded large uncertainties and suffered from a lack of reproducibility. Unlike dry or airless bodies, Earth's abundant water and dense atmosphere lead to dynamic thermophysical conditions that are a greater challenge to model than on a world like Mars. In this work, an approach was developed using field experiments to inform and fine‐tune a thermophysical model of terrestrial sediment and calculate an inherent thermal inertia value with higher precision and less initial knowledge of the sediment than has previously been achieved remotely on Earth. A thermal inertia derived for a basaltic tephra site in Northern Arizona was replicated within 1% between different field seasons, demonstrating reproducibility. Model‐derived values were validated in situ by two different thermophysical field probes to within 8% of the measured mean values. Analog studies such as this hold the promise of improved interpretations of surface materials on Mars, and an accurate thermal model for Earth is the key step to enabling translation between the two worlds.
Strong Effects of Chorus Waves on Radiation Belts Expected for Future Magnetic Superstorms
Authors: Santolík Ondřej , Shprits Yuri , Kolmašová Ivana , Wang Dedong , Taubenschuss Ulrich , Turčičová Marie , Hanzelka Miroslav 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProcesses in the radiation belts under extreme geomagnetic conditions involve the interplay between acceleration and loss processes, both of which can be caused by wave‐particle interactions. Whistler mode waves play a critical role in these interactions, and up to now their properties during extreme events remained poorly sampled and understood. We employ extensive databases of spacecraft observations to specify their distribution. We show that under extreme geomagnetic conditions, lower‐band whistler mode chorus waves have a net effect of accelerating ultra‐relativistic electrons, which results in an increase of fluxes at multi‐MeV energies by several orders of magnitude. During future magnetic superstorms, the radiation levels in the outer zone could therefore experience a substantial increase beyond what has been previously observed during the space age.
Evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet Over the Next Three Centuries From an ISMIP6 Model Ensemble
Authors: Seroussi Hélène , Pelle Tyler , Lipscomb William H. , Abe‐Ouchi Ayako , Albrecht Torsten , Alvarez‐Solas Jorge , Asay‐Davis Xylar , Barre Jean‐Baptiste , Berends Constantijn J. , Bernales Jorge , Blasco Javier , Caillet Justine , Chandler David M. , Coulon Violaine , Cullather Richard , Dumas Christophe , Galton‐Fenzi Benjamin K. , Garbe Julius , Gillet‐Chaulet Fabien , Gladstone Rupert , Goelzer Heiko , Golledge Nicholas , Greve Ralf , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar , Han Holly Kyeore , Hillebrand Trevor R. , Hoffman Matthew J. , Huybrechts Philippe , Jourdain Nicolas C. , Klose Ann Kristin , Langebroek Petra M. , Leguy Gunter R. , Lowry Daniel P. , Mathiot Pierre , Montoya Marisa , Morlighem Mathieu , Nowicki Sophie , Pattyn Frank , Payne Antony J. , Quiquet Aurélien , Reese Ronja , Robinson Alexander , Saraste Leopekka , Simon Erika G. , Sun Sainan , Twarog Jake P. , Trusel Luke D. , Urruty Benoit , Van Breedam Jonas , van de Wal Roderik S. W. , Wang Yu , Zhao Chen , Zwinger Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6) is the primary effort of CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project–Phase 6) focusing on ice sheets, designed to provide an ensemble of process‐based projections of the ice‐sheet contribution to sea‐level rise over the twenty‐first century. However, the behavior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet beyond 2100 remains largely unknown: several instability mechanisms can develop on longer time scales, potentially destabilizing large parts of Antarctica. Projections of Antarctic Ice Sheet evolution until 2300 are presented here, using an ensemble of 16 ice‐flow models and forcing from global climate models. Under high‐emission scenarios, the Antarctic sea‐level contribution is limited to less than 30 cm sea‐level equivalent (SLE) by 2100, but increases rapidly thereafter to reach up to 4.4 m SLE by 2300. Simulations including ice‐shelf collapse lead to an additional 1.1 m SLE on average by 2300, and can reach 6.9 m SLE. Widespread retreat is observed on that timescale in most West Antarctic basins, leading to a collapse of large sectors of West Antarctica by 2300 in 30%–40% of the ensemble. While the onset date of retreat varies among ice models, the rate of upstream propagation is highly consistent once retreat begins. Calculations of sea‐level contribution including water density corrections lead to an additional ∼10% sea level and up to 50% for contributions accounting for bedrock uplift in response to ice loading. Overall, these results highlight large sea‐level contributions from Antarctica and suggest that the choice of ice sheet model remains the leading source of uncertainty in multi‐century projections.
Chromosome X-wide association study in case control studies of pathologically confirmed Alzheimer’s disease in a European population
Authors: Simmonds Emily , Leonenko Ganna , Yaman Umran , Bellou Eftychia , Myers Amanda , Morgan Kevin , Brookes Keeley , Hardy John , Salih Dervis , Escott-Price Valentina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough there are several genome-wide association studies available which highlight genetic variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), often the X chromosome is excluded from the analysis. We conducted an X-chromosome-wide association study (XWAS) in three independent studies with a pathologically confirmed phenotype (total 1970 cases and 1113 controls). The XWAS was performed in males and females separately, and these results were then meta-analysed. Four suggestively associated genes were identified which may be of potential interest for further study in AD, these are DDX53 (rs12006935, OR = 0.52, p = 6.9e-05), IL1RAPL1 (rs6628450, OR = 0.36, p = 4.2e-05; rs137983810, OR = 0.52, p = 0.0003), TBX22 (rs5913102, OR = 0.74, p = 0.0003) and SH3BGRL (rs186553004, OR = 0.35, p = 0.0005; rs113157993, OR = 0.52, p = 0.0003), which replicate across at least two studies. The SNP rs5913102 in TBX22 achieves chromosome-wide significance in meta-analysed data. DDX53 shows highest expression in astrocytes, IL1RAPL1 is most highly expressed in oligodendrocytes and neurons and SH3BGRL is most highly expressed in microglia. We have also identified SNPs in the NXF5 gene at chromosome-wide significance in females (rs5944989, OR = 0.62, p = 1.1e-05) but not in males (p = 0.83). The discovery of relevant AD associated genes on the X chromosome may identify AD risk differences and similarities based on sex and lead to the development of sex-stratified therapeutics.
Comparing efficacies of various papain-based enzyme agents and 2.4% sodium hypochlorite gel in chemomechanical caries removal: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alsayed M. H. D. Baraa , Karkoutly Mawia , Achour Hassan , Abboud Souad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacies of Papacarie Duo gel, Brix 3000, Selecti-Solve gel, 2.4% sodium hypochlorite gel, and conventional rotary-mechanical method in caries removal and to evaluate the patient comfort.

Methods
It was a single-blinded, randomized, parallel-group, active-controlled trial with five arms. It was conducted at the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Damascus University. Seventy-five specimens were randomly allocated into five groups: chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR) using Selecti-Solve gel (G1), BRIX3000 (G2), Papacarie DUO gel (G3), or 2.4% sodium hypochlorite gel (G4), and caries excavation using conventional rotary-mechanical method (G5) (control group). The trial considered healthy patients aged 18–40. Permanent molars with class I carious lesions extending to the middle third of dentin with no pulpal and/or periodontal pathology were included. The efficacy of caries removal was considered the primary outcome measure, and the secondary outcome measures were treatment time, volumetric measurement of the cavity, and pain assessment.

Results
The majority (73.30%) of cases from BRIX3000 and conventional rotary-mechanical method groups showed complete caries removal (p = 0.982). The mean time of caries removal was the highest (17.45 ± 4.42) in the 2.4% sodium hypochlorite gel group (p < 0.05), and the lowest (6.33 ± 1.69) was in the conventional rotary-mechanical method group (p < 0.05). The mean cavity volume was the highest (18.97 ± 9.76) in the Papacarie DUO gel group, and the lowest (14.87 ± 4.76) was in the 2.4% sodium hypochlorite gel group (p = 0.506). The conventional rotary-mechanical group exhibited the highest mean score (5.40 ± 1.72) of pain (p < 0.05). However, the mean score (2.67 ± 1.11) of pain reported reduced in the BRIX3000 group.

Conclusions
CMCR agents could be a potential substitute for conventional rotary instrumentation methods, taking into account the long working time.
Bone targeted nano-drug and nano-delivery
Authors: Wu Yilun , Sun Bing , Tang Ying , Shen Aining , Lin Yanlin , Zhao Xiaohui , Li Jingui , Monteiro Michael J. , Gu Wenyi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere are currently no targeted delivery systems to satisfactorily treat bone-related disorders. Many clinical drugs consisting of small organic molecules have a short circulation half-life and do not effectively reach the diseased tissue site. This coupled with repeatedly high dose usage that leads to severe side effects. With the advance in nanotechnology, drugs contained within a nano-delivery device or drugs aggregated into nanoparticles (nano-drugs) have shown promises in targeted drug delivery. The ability to design nanoparticles to target bone has attracted many researchers to develop new systems for treating bone related diseases and even repurposing current drug therapies. In this review, we shall summarise the latest progress in this area and present a perspective for future development in the field. We will focus on calcium-based nanoparticle systems that modulate calcium metabolism and consequently, the bone microenvironment to inhibit disease progression (including cancer). We shall also review the bone affinity drug family, bisphosphonates, as both a nano-drug and nano-delivery system for bone targeted therapy. The ability to target and release the drug in a controlled manner at the disease site represents a promising safe therapy to treat bone diseases in the future.