bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of the interatrial septum: Insights obtained from cardiac computed tomographic angiography
Authors: Tahara Atsuko , Motoyama Sadako , Malik Shaista , Tahara Nobuhiro , Imaizumi Tsutomu , Saremi Farhood , Sanz Javier , Seto Arnold , Narula Jagat , Krishnan Subramaniam C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe previously described a septal variant termed left atrial septal pouch (LASP). Present in a third of hearts, it results from incomplete fusion of the septum primum (SP) and septum secundum (SS). We assessed the prevalence of LASP using 64‐section multidetector computed tomography and further characterized the different variants. Among 864 scans, 770 were of sufficient quality for assessment (428 male, aged 59.2 ± 11.7 years). They were classified on the basis of the degrees of fusion of the SP and SS into a completely fused septum (CFS), patent foramen ovale (PFO), or LASP. The lengths of the SS, SP, and overlapping SP, the maximal length of the foramen ovale (FO) floor, and the atrial dimensions were compared. A PFO was seen in 181 patients (23.5%), a LASP in 242 (31.4%), and a CFS in 339 (44.0%). There were significant differences in the length of the SS (PFO—13.6 ± 4.3 mm, LASP—17.6 ± 4.8 mm, CFS—14.3 ± 7.7 mm, p < 0.001). Hearts with LASPs had a longer overlapping SP than those with PFOs (PFO—6.3 ± 4.5 mm, LASP—13.1 ± 5.2 mm, p < 0.001). The maximal lengths of the FO floor showed differences in short axis (SAX) view (PFO—21.7 ± 4.5 mm, LASP—15.3 ± 4.3 mm, CFS—16.3 ± 4.3 mm, p < 0.001). Hearts with PFO and LASP showed similar SP lengths (27.3 ± 6.6 mm vs. 26.4 ± 6.6 mm, p = 0.10). There was a positive linear correlation between the length of the SS and the overlapping SP (R2 = 0.28, p < 0.001) with a weaker negative correlation between the SS length and maximal length of the FO floor (R2 = 0.02, p < 0.001). The groups showed similar atrial dimensions and volumes. Present in a third of patients, hearts with LASP have longer SS and overlapping SP.
Impact of metallic nanoparticles on gut microbiota modulation in colorectal cancer: A review
Authors: Kumar Akash , Pramanik Jhilam , Batta Kajol , Bamal Pooja , Gaur Mukesh , Rustagi Sarvesh , Prajapati Bhupendra G. , Bhattacharya Sankha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer. Ongoing research aims to uncover the causes of CRC, with a growing focus on the role of gut microbiota (GM) in carcinogenesis. The GM influences CRC development, progression, treatment efficacy, and therapeutic toxicities. For example, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Escherichia coli can regulate microbial gene expression through the incorporation of human small noncode RNA and potentially contribute to cancer progression. Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have both negative and positive impacts on GM, depending on their type. Several studies state that titanium dioxide may increase the diversity, richness, and abundance of probiotics bacteria, whereas other studies demonstrate dose‐dependent GM dysbiosis. The MNPs offer cytotoxicity through the modulation of MAPK signaling pathways, NF‐kB signaling pathways, PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, extrinsic signaling pathways, intrinsic apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest at G1, G2, or M phase. MNPs enhance drug delivery, enable targeted therapy, and may restore GM. However, there is a need to conduct well‐designed clinical trials to assess the toxicity, safety, and effectiveness of MNPs‐based CRC therapies.
Study on the Desalination and Regeneration Performance of PBA/AC Electrode Enhanced by MCDI
Authors: Wang Xiaobing , Song Xingliang , Jiang Xiaoxue , Jin An , Li Dong , Gu Junfeng , Wang Lu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe research focuses on desalting and regenerating wastewater using membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) systems with Prussian blue analog and activated carbon electrodes in batch experiments. The experimental results show that the optimized operational parameters for achieving superior deionization regeneration performance in membrane capacitors comprise a voltage magnitude of −1.6 V, a desorption flow rate of 30 mL min−1, and an electrode regeneration duration of 25 min. The MCDI system achieves a desorption amount of 45.87 mg g−1, a remarkable regeneration rate of 99.23 % under the optimized operating conditions. The MCDI system demonstrates a desorption amount and regeneration rate that are 22.56 mg g−1 and 17.47 % higher, respectively, compared to the traditional capacitive deionization system.
Pd‐Catalyzed Thiotritylation Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Bromides and Iodides to Access Sulfur Functional Groups
Authors: Liu Yue , Okazoe Takashi , Gatzenmeier Tim , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSulfur‐containing functional groups (SFGs) are increasingly important for modern medicinal chemistry and their large structural diversity provides many opportunities for lead optimization. In an effort to simplify the access to the full set of SFGs, we report herein a versatile strategy utilizing (hetero)aryl trityl sulfides (ArSCPh3) as the common precursors. We developed a mild and high yielding Pd‐catalyzed thiotritylation cross‐coupling methodology to afford ArSCPh3 compounds from (hetero)aryl bromides and iodides. Efficient chemoselective derivatizations provided access to eight different SFGs and sulfur(VI) fluorine exchange (SuFEx) hubs, which open up further downstream derivatizations towards the full set of SFGs. Thereby obtainable sulfur motifs include aryl sulfur pentafluorides (ArSF5), aryl tetrafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl chlorides (ArSF4Cl), aryl sulfonimidoyl fluorides (ArS(O)(NR)F), aryl sulfonyl fluorides (ArSO2F), aryl sulfonic acids (ArSO3H), and aryl sulfinyl fluorides (ArSOF), which are all valuable functional groups in modern drug discovery.
Total Synthesis of the Humulene‐Derived Sesquiterpenoid (‐)‐Integrifolian‐1,5‐dione
Authors: Zimmer Anne , Fürstner Alois 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe oxygenated sesquiterpenoid (‐)‐integrifolian‐1,5‐dione, which originates from a plant that finds widespread use in South American traditional medicine, is distinguished by a rigid bicyclic framework consisting of a cyclopropane that is cis‐annulated to a cyclodecane ring. The first total synthesis of this demanding target is described, which relies on a highly selective cyclopropanation reaction of an α‐stannylated‐α‐diazoester catalyzed by a heteroleptic dirhodium paddlewheel complex, followed by an unprecedented Stille‐type cross coupling of the resulting stannylated cyclopropane with methyl iodide as the electrophilic partner to form the all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter at one of the bridgehead positions. Equally decisive was the bicyclization strategy based on lactonization/ring expansion that ultimately allowed the strained ten‐membered carbocycle to be forged.
Neurochemical Characterization of Dopaminoceptive Cells in Song Control Nuclei of Canaries and Their Activation During Song Production: A Multiplex Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Study
Authors: Haakenson Chelsea M. , Balthazart Jacques , VanRyzin Jonathan W. , Marquardt Ashley E. , Ashton Sydney E. , McCarthy Margaret M. , Ball Gregory F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHighly sensitive in situ hybridization procedures (RNAScope) were used to quantify the expression of three dopamine receptors (Drd1, Drd2, and Drd3) in two song control nuclei (HVC and the Area X of the basal ganglia) that are known to receive dopaminergic inputs and in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) of male and female canaries. Both sexes were treated with testosterone to ensure they would sing actively. We also determined the excitatory versus inhibitory phenotype of the cells expressing these receptors as well as their activation following a period of song production. The three receptor types were identified in each brain area, with the exception of Drd3 in Area X. The density of cells expressing each receptor varied as a function of receptor type and brain area. Surprisingly few sex differences were detected; they do not seem to explain the sex differences in testosterone‐induced song. Overall, the density of Drd‐positive cells was much lower in PAG than in the two song control nuclei. In HVC, the majority of cells expressing the three receptor subtypes were VGlut2‐positive, whereas colocalization with Vglut2 occurred in few cells in Area X and in an intermediate proportion of cells in PAG. The number of inhibitory cells expressing dopamine receptors was limited. Most dopaminoceptive cells in Area X did not express either excitatory or inhibitory markers. Finally, cellular activation during singing behavior, as measured by the expression of Egr1, was observed in cells expressing each of the three dopamine receptor subtypes, except Drd3 in the PAG.
A competent CCHFMO with AMDH for QoS improvisation and efficient route protection in MANET
Authors: Ahirwar Gajendra Kumar , Agarwal Ratish , Pandey Anjana 
Published: October 2024

SummaryThe ability of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) to be used as communication tools in a variety of industries, including healthcare, the military, smart traffic, and smart cities, has drawn special consideration. Traditional Manet's multicast routing methods seem to be inappropriate to massive with Adaptive systems because the problem is NP‐complete, resulting in an enchanting QoS restrictions. In order to conquer that the paper proficiently introduces the Conglomerate Crumb Horde Formicary Meta‐Heuristic (CCHFMO) with Asymmetrical Meander Diffie‐Hellman (AMDH) to tackle the major obstacles are multicast routing problems and lack of data protection. Initially, the fusion of crumb horde optimization (CHO) and formicary optimization (FO) is exploited to strengthen QoS limitations and reduce QoS data loss. However, the massive and dynamic nature of the network with the combination of more QoS restrictions, deficient security has become extremely difficult. Therefore, the research work establishes the asymmetrical meander Diffie‐Hellman (AMDH) to significantly improve performance and concealment while ensuring channel security during data transfer. Finally, the results demonstrated that by employing the novel optimization approaches, the MANET can increase data protection while still achieving high transmission rates and sophistication of communication. As a consequence, it adequately explicates the article to improve QoS performances.
Assessment of Edge Modification of Nanographene
Authors: Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarboxy groups on the edges of nanographene (NG) enable functionalization for realizing NG‐organic hybrid materials. Therefore, assessment of the edge‐functionalization of the electronic structures of NGs is valuable for the rational design of functional carbon materials. In this study, the structures of model NGs comprising 174 carbon atoms with armchair edges and various functional groups at the edges were computed. To achieve the greatest possible similarity between the computed structure and the real one, the carbon framework was designed based on experimental observations. The functional groups can be accessed via suitable chemical reactions. The computations predicted that although the conversion of carboxyl groups with electron‐withdrawing/donating groups influences the orbital energies, the HOMO‐LUMO (H−L) gap is not significantly affected, except in a few cases. Among the evaluated examples, π‐extension had the greatest influence on the H−L gap. Interestingly, for the Pd2+‐coordinated NG, the participation of the low‐lying LUMO localized on Pd2+ in the surface‐to‐metal transitions seemingly narrowed the H−L gap, and a surface‐to‐ligand transition was observed.
Rational Design Dithieno[3,2‐f:2′,3′‐h]Quinoxaline‐Based Polymers with Optimized Molecular Configuration and Charge Transfer for High‐Performance All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Kang Xiao , Jing Xin , Wang Jianxiao , Li Hongxiang , Sun Mingliang , Bao Xichang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to poor planarity and weak intermolecular interactions of acceptor units which have two‐dimensional configuration, the development of related polymers is slow. In this work, we synthesized a dithieno[3,2‐f:2’,3’‐h]quinoxaline‐based unit substituted with fluorinated thiophene, which can effectively expand the area of the acceptor unit. Then, it paired with three different benzodithiophene‐based donor units, and three new polymers of PQTF‐BT, PQTF‐BTCl and PQTF‐DTCl were obtained. PQTF‐BT with thiophene side chain exhibits appropriate aggregation and crystallization performance, and the PQTF‐BT:PY‐IT all‐polymer solar cells exhibit high device efficiency of 15.54 %. Meanwhile, PQTF‐BTCl with chlorination strategy on thiophene side chain further enhances the open‐circuit voltage of related devices. However, it has negative impact on the miscibility and charge transfer of the material, leading to a poor efficiency of 8.71 % in the PQTF‐BTCl:PY‐IT device. To reinforce miscibility, PQTF‐DTCl with expanded backbone planarity was further studied. However, the big dihedral angles of the donor side chains disrupted the effective stacking of the molecules, resulting in great recovery of device performance to 13.42 %. This work provides research ideas for the design of polymers with two‐dimensional configuration side chain and match selection of donor units.
Green Rate‐Splitting Multiple Access for Multicell and Rate Fairness Maximization
Authors: Hu Guangwu , Kumari Saru , Amoon Mohammed , Chen Chien‐Ming 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the green design of rate‐splitting multiple access (RSMA) for multicell, multiantenna downlink communication systems to maximize rate fairness under quality of service (QoS) constraints. An optimization framework is developed to minimize the weighted sum power consumption by jointly optimizing transmit beamformers, power allocation, and common/private rate split while ensuring per‐user minimum rate requirements. The algorithm design explicitly considers the rate fairness among users via a newly proposed green fairness index. The nonconvex transceiver design problems are transformed into tractable forms and efficiently solved by applying tools from alternating optimization and successive convex approximation. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed green RSMA optimization framework can effectively balance the throughput among cell‐edge and cell‐center users, hence combating the near‐far effect. Simulation results show that at 20‐dB SNR, green RSMA achieves over 20% and 50% sum rate improvement compared with NOMA and OMA, respectively. Moreover, green RSMA maintains high fairness among users, even when the channel conditions are disparate. When the weakest user is located 120 m from the base station, green RSMA exhibits a 21.2% higher fairness index than NOMA, showcasing its ability to ensure equitable service quality across users. The framework also achieves substantial energy efficiency gains, consuming less power while providing higher data rates than baseline schemes. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of green RSMA in enhancing spectral efficiency, user fairness, and energy efficiency in multicell, multiantenna communication systems, making it a promising solution for sustainable and high‐performance wireless networks.
Ethical principles for ecology and environmental ethics: What ecology can learn about applied ethics from biomedical ethics
Authors: Spike Elizabeth , Spike Jeffrey P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article uses a familiar and successful framework to organize and systematize the ethics of ecology and environmental science. Mid‐level principles have helped make the field of bioethics well understood and enabled it to influence laws, policies, and clinical decision‐making. We propose that a new set of principles could do the same for the larger field of environmental ethics. As was true with bioethics, the principles chosen need to already be well‐established. The insight is that to offer a complete analysis of a case or situation one must consider all of the principles. Thus one must choose a small set of mutually exclusive and jointly exhaustive principles. While there are thousands of articles using each of our principles, no one has identified them as a set of principles that can be easily taught and used to resolve dilemmas. Thus this article can help advance ecological and environmental ethics. Each of the four principles is briefly defined, and a little of their history and some current examples provided for each. The principles are: The Precautionary Principle, Biodiversity, Environmental Justice, and Sustainability. As a group they represent a complete picture of the ethical territory we must deal with in every value‐laden choice, clarifying why disagreements happen and what is at stake when trade‐offs must be made.
Gut microbiota‐related modulation of immune mechanisms in post‐infarction remodelling and heart failure
Authors: Roessler Johann , Zimmermann Friederike , Heidecker Bettina , Landmesser Ulf , Haghikia Arash 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe immune system has long been recognized as a key driver in the progression of heart failure (HF). However, clinical trials targeting immune effectors have consistently failed to improve patient outcome across different HF aetiologies. The activation of the immune system in HF is complex, involving a broad network of pro‐inflammatory and immune‐modulating components, which complicates the identification of specific immune pathways suitable for therapeutic targeting. Increasing attention has been devoted to identifying gut microbial pathways that affect cardiac remodelling and metabolism and, thereby impacting the development of HF. In particular, gut microbiota‐derived metabolites, absorbed by the host and transported to the peripheral circulation, can act as signalling molecules, influencing metabolism and immune homeostasis. Recent reports suggest that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in modulating immune processes involved in HF. Here, we summarize recent advances in understanding the contributory role of gut microbiota in (auto‐)immune pathways that critically determine the progression or alleviation of HF. We also thoroughly discuss potential gut microbiota‐based intervention strategies to treat or decelerate HF progression.
Pain profiles and variability in temporal summation of pain and conditioned pain modulation in pain‐free individuals and patients with low back pain, osteoarthritis, and fibromyalgia
Authors: Petersen Kristian Kjær‐Staal , O'Neill Søren , Blichfeldt‐Eckhardt Morten Rune , Nim Casper , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Vægter Henrik Bjarke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPain profiles (e.g. pro‐ and anti‐nociceptive) can be developed using quantitative sensory testing (QST) but substantial variability exists. This study describes the variability in temporal summation of pain (TSP) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in chronic musculoskeletal pain patients, proposes cut‐off values, and explores the association with clinical pain intensity.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis in which TSP and CPM were assessed using cuff algometry in pain‐free subjects (n = 69), and patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP, n = 267), osteoarthritis (n = 134), and fibromyalgia (n = 101). Using TSP and CPM from the pain‐free subjects as a reference, four distinct pain profiles TSP (low/high) and CPM (low/high) were created, and differences in clinical pain between pain profiles were explored.ResultsIndividual data revealed large inter‐person variability. High TSP and low CPM were found in fibromyalgia (p < 0.01) and osteoarthritis (p < 0.01) but not cLBP when compared to pain‐free subjects. The proportion of patients classified into the distinct pain profiles was significantly different (p < 0.001) with the largest proportion in the high TSP and low CPM group in fibromyalgia (52.5%) and osteoarthritis (41.4%). Clinical pain was not significantly different comparing the pain profiles, and no significant correlations were observed between clinical pain and TSP or CPM.ConclusionThese results demonstrated substantial inter‐person variability in TSP and CPM in patients with different chronic pain conditions and pain‐free subjects. The proportion of patients with a pro‐nociceptive profile appears larger in fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis, but we found no association to clinical pain.Significant StatementThis analysis shows that there is variability when assessing TSP and CPM in both pain‐free subjects and patients with chronic pain. A cut‐off for determining when a person is pain‐sensitive is proposed, and data based on this cut‐off approach suggest that significantly more patients with osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia are pain‐sensitive (i.e. higher TSP and lower CPM) compared to pain‐free subjects. This analysis does not find an association between pain sensitivity and clinical pain.
Anatomy of a hotspot: Cisplatin hotspots in the tdk gene of Escherichia coli
Authors: Young Courtney , Lee Mackenzie , Ge Zoe , Shin Jeana , Bursulaya Bella , Sorensen Dana , Saud Arnav , Sridharan Ananya , Gonick Ava , Phi Nhu , Nguyen Kelly , Bhalli Shawal , Hiranandani Jyotsna , Miller Jeffrey H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe previously reported that certain sub‐regions of the thyA gene of Escherichia coli are more mutable than others when many different mutagens and mutators are analyzed (Mashiach et al., Mutation Research Fundamental Molecular Mechansims of Mutagenesis, 821: 111702, 2021). In this study, we focus on a single mutagen, cisplatin and verify that mutations occur preferentially at specific 3 bp sequences, but only when they appear in certain subregions of the gene. Moreover, we show that hotspots for some premutational lesions are camouflaged by the preferential repair effected by the uvrA,B,C‐encoded excision repair system, even when they appear on the same strand. We do this by using a novel reporter gene in E. coli, the tdk gene that codes for thymidine deoxykinase, and we describe some of the advantages of utilizing this detection system.