bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsed electromagnetic fields promote osteogenesis and osseointegration of porous titanium implants in bone defect repair through a Wnt/β-catenin signaling-associated mechanism
Authors: Jing Da , Zhai Mingming , Tong Shichao , Xu Fei , Cai Jing , Shen Guanghao , Wu Yan , Li Xiaokang , Xie Kangning , Liu Juan , Xu Qiaoling , Luo Erping 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTreatment of osseous defects remains a formidable clinical challenge. Porous titanium alloys (pTi) have been emerging as ideal endosseous implants due to the excellent biocompatibility and structural properties, whereas inadequate osseointegration poses risks for unreliable long-term implant stability. Substantial evidence indicates that pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), as a safe noninvasive method, inhibit osteopenia/osteoporosis experimentally and clinically. We herein investigated the efficiency and potential mechanisms of PEMF on osteogenesis and osseointegration of pTi in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that PEMF enhanced cellular attachment and proliferation and induced well-organized cytoskeleton for in vitro osteoblasts seeded in pTi. PEMF promoted gene expressions in Runx2, OSX, COL-1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. PEMF-stimulated group exhibited higher Runx2, Wnt1, Lrp6 and β-catenin protein expressions. In vivo results via μCT and histomorphometry show that 6-week and 12-week PEMF promoted osteogenesis, bone ingrowth and bone formation rate of pTi in rabbit femoral bone defect. PEMF promoted femoral gene expressions of Runx2, BMP2, OCN and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Together, we demonstrate that PEMF improve osteogenesis and osseointegration of pTi by promoting skeletal anabolic activities through a Wnt/β-catenin signaling-associated mechanism. PEMF might become a promising biophysical modality for enhancing the repair efficiency and quality of pTi in bone defect.
A mutagenic study identifying critical residues for the structure and function of rice manganese transporter OsMTP8.1
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Jiyu , Wang Lihua , Ma Gang , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa) MTP8.1 (OsMTP8.1) is a tonoplast-localized manganese transporter of the cation diffusion facilitator family. Here we present a structure-function analysis ofOsMTP8.1 based on the site-directed and random mutagenesis and complementation assays in manganese hypersensitive yeast, in combination with three-dimensional (3D) structure modeling based on the crystal structure of theEscherichia coliCDF family member,EcYiiP. Two metal-binding sites are conserved inOsMTP8.1 withEcYiiP, one is between transmembrane helices TM2 and TM5, the other is the cytoplasmic C-terminus. In addition to these two metal-binding sites, there may exist other Mn-binding sites such as that at the very end of the CTD. Two residues (R167 and L296) may play an important role for the hinge-like movement of CTDs. Several mutations such as E357A and V374D may affect dimer formation and S132A may induce a conformational change, resulting in a loss of transport function or modification in metal selectivity. The N-terminus ofOsMTP8.1 was not functional for Mn transport activity and the real function of NTD remains to be investigated in the future. The findings of the present study illustrate the structure-function relationship ofOsMTP8.1 in Mn transport activity, which may also be applied to other plant Mn-CDF proteins.
Enhanced Capacitance of Hybrid Layered Graphene/Nickel Nanocomposite for Supercapacitors
Authors: Mohd Zaid Norsaadatul Akmal , Idris Nurul Hayati 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this work, Ni nanoparticles were directly decorated on graphene (G) nanosheets via mechanical ball milling. Based on transmission electron microscopy observations, the Ni nanoparticles were well dispersed and attached to the G nanosheet without any agglomerations. Electrochemical results showed that the capacitance of a G/Ni nanocomposite was 275 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1, which is higher than the capacitance of bare G (145 F g−1) and bare Ni (3 F g−1). The G/Ni electrode also showed superior performance at a high current density, exhibiting a capacitance of 190 F g−1 at a current density of 5 A g−1 and a capacitance of 144 F g−1 at a current density of 10 A g−1. The equivalent series resistance for G/Ni nanocomposites also decreased. The enhanced performance of this hybrid supercapacitor is best described by the synergistic effect, i.e. dual charge-storage mechanism, which is demonstrated by electrical double layer and pseudocapacitance materials. Moreover, a high specific surface area and electrical conductivity of the materials enhanced the capacitance. These results indicate that the G/Ni nanocomposite is a potential supercapacitor.
Carotid plaque and bone density and microarchitecture in psoriatic arthritis: the correlation with soluble ST2
Authors: Shen Jiayun , Shang Qing , Wong Chun-Kwok , Li Edmund K. , Kun Emily W. , Cheng Isaac T. , Li Martin , Li Tena K. , Zhu Tracy Y. , Yu Cheuk-Man , Qin Ling , Tam Lai-Shan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients have increased risk of both atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. Previous studies revealed that IL-33/ST2 axis may be related to both conditions; however, these associations were never evaluated in a single patients’ group. Here we explored the association among plasma levels of IL-33 and its decoy receptor soluble ST2 (sST2), carotid plaque determined by ultrasound and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD)/microstructure of distal radius measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in 80 PsA patients (55% male; 53.0 ± 10.1 years). Plasma sST2 levels were significantly higher in 33 (41%) patients with carotid plaques (11.2 ± 4.5 vs 7.7 ± 3.7 ng/ml, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, sST2 was an independent explanatory variable associated with carotid plaques (OR = 1.296, 95% CI: [1.091,1.540]; P = 0.003). After adjustment for the osteoporotic risk factors, sST2 was significantly associated with higher cortical porosity (β = 0.184, [0.042,0.325]; P = 0.012) and cortical pore volume (2.247, [0.434,4.060]; P = 0.016); and had a trend to be associated with lower cortical vBMD (−2.918, [−6.111,0.275]; P = 0.073). IL-33 was not associated with carotid plaque or vBMD/microstructure. In conclusion, plasma sST2 levels were independently correlated with both carotid plaque and compromised cortical vBMD/microstructure in PsA patients. IL-33/ST2 axis may be a link between accelerated atherosclerosis and osteoporosis in PsA.
Metamaterial-enhanced vibrational absorption spectroscopy for the detection of protein molecules
Authors: Bui Tung S. , Dao Thang D. , Dang Luu H. , Vu Lam D. , Ohi Akihiko , Nabatame Toshihide , Lee YoungPak , Nagao Tadaaki , Hoang Chung V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFrom visible to mid-infrared frequencies, molecular sensing has been a major successful application of plasmonics because of the enormous enhancement of the surface electromagnetic nearfield associated with the induced collective motion of surface free carriers excited by the probe light. However, in the lower-energy terahertz (THz) region, sensing by detecting molecular vibrations is still challenging because of low sensitivity, complicated spectral features, and relatively little accumulated knowledge of molecules. Here, we report the use of a micron-scale thin-slab metamaterial (MM) architecture, which functions as an amplifier for enhancing the absorption signal of the THz vibration of an ultrathin adsorbed layer of large organic molecules. We examined bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a prototype large protein molecule and Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and 3,3′-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide (DTTCI) as examples of small molecules. Among them, our MM significantly magnified only the signal strength of bulky BSA. On the other hand, DTTCI and Rh6G are inactive, as they lack low-frequency vibrational modes in this frequency region. The results obtained here clearly demonstrate the promise of MM-enhanced absorption spectroscopy in the THz region for detection and structural monitoring of large biomolecules such as proteins or pathogenic enzymes.
Chemically Inhomogeneous RE-Fe-B Permanent Magnets with High Figure of Merit: Solution to Global Rare Earth Criticality
Authors: Jin Jiaying , Ma Tianyu , Zhang Yujing , Bai Guohua , Yan Mi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe global rare earth (RE) criticality, especially for those closely-relied Nd/Pr/Dy/Tb in the 2:14:1-typed permanent magnets (PMs), has triggered tremendous attempts to develop new alternatives. Prospective candidates La/Ce with high abundance, however, cannot provide an equivalent performance due to inferior magnetic properties of (La/Ce)2Fe14B to Nd2Fe14B. Here we report high figure-of-merit La/Ce-rich RE-Fe-B PMs, where La/Ce are inhomogeneously distributed among the 2:14:1 phase. The resultant exchange coupling within an individual grain and magnetostatic interactions across grains ensure much superior performance to the La/Ce homogeneously distributed magnet. Maximum energy product (BH)max of 42.2 MGOe is achieved even with 36 wt. % La-Ce incorporation. The cost performance, (BH)max/cost, has been raised by 27.1% compared to a 48.9 MGOe La/Ce-free commercial magnet. The construction of chemical heterogeneity offers recipes to develop commercial-grade PMs using the less risky La/Ce and also provides a promising solution to the REs availability constraints.
Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide inhibits osteoporosis by promoting osteoblast formation and blocking osteoclastogenesis through Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway
Authors: Du Li , Nong Meng-Ni , Zhao Jin-Min , Peng Xiao-Ming , Zong Shao-Hui , Zeng Gao-Feng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBone homeostasis is maintained by a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Osteoporosis occurs when osteoclast activity surpasses osteoblast activity. Our previous studies showed the plant-derived natural polysaccharide (Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide or PSP) had significant anti-ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis effects in vivo, but the mechanisms of PSP’s anti-osteoporosis effect remains unclear. In this study, we assessed PSP’s effect on the generation of osteoblast and osteoclast in vitro. This study showed that PSP promoted the osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) without affecting BMPs signaling pathway. This effect was due to the increased nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, resulting in a higher expression of osteoblast-related genes. Furthermore, the study showed PSP could inhibit the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and exert prophylatic protection against LPS-induced osteolysis in vivo. This effect was also related to the increased nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, resulting in the decreased expression of osteoclast-related genes. In conclusion, our results showed that PSP effectively promoted the osteogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs and suppressed osteoclastogenesis; therefore, it could be used to treat osteoporosis.
High frequency characterisation of wood‐fill PLA for antenna additive manufacturing application
Authors: Mirzaee M. , Noghanian S. 
Published: August 2016

High‐frequency characterisation of the wood‐fill filament for three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology and its feasibility in small‐size antenna manufacturing based on additive manufacturing (AM) technology is focused. A Keysight 85070E high performance dielectric probe was utilised to characterise the wood‐fill material for a wide frequency range. The real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity for the various 3D printed samples were measured from 20 MHz to 20 GHz, and the corresponding loss tangent was calculated accordingly. A dipole antenna embedded on the wood‐fill 3D printed substrate was designed, simulated, and fabricated at the centre frequency of 2.4 GHz. Three different conductive materials were utilised for the conductor part of the antenna.
High‐frequency vibration characteristic of Pb0.97La0.02(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 anti‐ferroelectric thick films cantilever
Authors: An Kun , Zhang Hui , Chou Xiujian , Xue Chenyang , Zhang Wendong 
Published: August 2016

A Pb0.97La0.02(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 anti‐ferroelectric thick‐film micro‐cantilever applying micro‐machining technology based silicon was designed and fabricated to meet the requirements of high‐frequency vibration energy application. The anti‐ferroelectric cantilevers showed the high‐frequency vibration characteristics with the strain generated due to the anti‐ferroelectric–ferroelectric transformation. The maximum vibration velocity and displacement of the cantilever tip of 600 μm (L) × 60 μm (W) × 10 μm (H) were 4.22 m/s and 23.5 μm. The first response frequency was up to 28.6 kHz at 42 V transitions voltage induced when the anti‐ferroelectric material layer was strained, significantly larger than the typical piezoelectric cantilevers. The five‐size different cantilevers fabricated in one chip had mostly the same sharp voltage, owing to the same thickness of anti‐ferroelectric material layer. The vibration frequency increased with the decrease of the cantilever length, while the vibration velocity and displacement had the opposite trends. It can be seen that the silicon‐based anti‐ferroelectric cantilever with a high vibration frequency shows a more incomparable vibration than other cantilevers of other materials, which can be regarded as a new direction for micro‐electro‐mechanical system vibration devices.
The price of complexity in financial networks
Authors: Battiston Stefano , Caldarelli Guido , May Robert M. , Roukny Tarik , Stiglitz Joseph E. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Estimating systemic risk in networks of financial institutions represents, today, a major challenge in both science and financial policy making. This work shows how the increasing complexity of the network of contracts among institutions comes with the price of increasing inaccuracy in the estimation of systemic risk. The paper offers a quantitative method to estimate systemic risk and its accuracy.
PLEKHG3 enhances polarized cell migration by activating actin filaments at the cell front
Authors: Nguyen Trang Thi Thu , Park Wei Sun , Park Byung Ouk , Kim Cha Yeon , Oh Yohan , Kim Jin Man , Choi Hana , Kyung Taeyoon , Kim Cheol-Hee , Lee Gabsang , Hahn Klaus M. , Meyer Tobias , Heo Won Do 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Polarized cell migration plays a pivotal role in the development and repair of tissues. PI3K, Rho GTPases, and actin filaments are known to be involved in a positive feedback loop that induces and maintains cell polarity. Here, we show that the pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G3 (PLEKHG3) selectively binds to newly polymerized actin and that this interaction exerts a positive regulatory effect on PLEKHG3 activity that enhances and sustains the cell front. A lack of PLEKHG3 ablates cell polarity, resulting in a decrease in cell migration. These findings provide the missing link that explains how Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and actin polymerization are coupled by a positive feedback loop to ensure the stability of cell polarity.
Catalytic strategy for carbon−carbon bond scission by the cytochrome P450 OleT
Authors: Grant Job L. , Mitchell Megan E. , Makris Thomas Michael 
Published: August 2016

Significance
The biocatalytic production of hydrocarbons from abundant natural resources provides a means to expand the current fuel inventory. The recently identified cytochrome P450, OleT, synthesizes 1-alkenes from fatty acids through a carbon−carbon scission reaction that is highly atypical for the enzyme superfamily. Rapid kinetics studies reveal two critical reaction cycle intermediates that define the catalytic strategy used by OleT and highlight the functional versatility of P450 enzymes.
Baseplate assembly of phage Mu: Defining the conserved core components of contractile-tailed phages and related bacterial systems
Authors: Büttner Carina R. , Wu Yingzhou , Maxwell Karen L. , Davidson Alan R. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Many phages use a contractile tail to inject their genomes into the host bacterial cell. These complex assemblages are capable of specifically recognizing the cell surface, contracting upon cell binding, penetrating the cell wall, and creating a channel in the cell membrane through which the phage genome can pass. Remarkably, bacteria have co-opted phage tails and adapted them into protein-injecting nanomachines directed at other bacteria and even eukaryotic cells. Here, we elucidate the composition and assembly pathway of the baseplate of the contractile-tailed phage Mu. Our work demonstrates that the “simple” Mu-like baseplates are the only baseplate type encoded in phage genomes integrated within bacteria, and these baseplates are thus the most likely evolutionary precursors of the tail-derived bacterial nanomachines.
Agrarian transformation in the Near East and North Africa: influences from the work of Lionel Cliffe
Authors: Bush Ray 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis article explores the influences of the work of Lionel Cliffe in developing a radical rural political economy. A number of key themes in Cliffe’s work are reviewed in order to explore how they have helped to shape a view of rural development that is based, amongst other things, on listening to farmers and exploring why both government policy and often radical interventions fail to deliver the promises of improvements to rural conditions of existence. Case studies from the Near East and North Africa (NENA) highlight absences in policy intervention particularly in the areas of conflict, environmental transformation and economic reform.
Effect of Huperzine A on Aβ-induced p65 of astrocyte in vitro
Authors: Xie Lushuang , Jiang Cen , Wang Zhang , Yi Xiaohong , Gong Yuanyuan , Chen Yunhui , Fu Yan 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Its pathology often accompanies inflammatory action, and astrocytes play important roles in such procedure. Rela(p65) is one of significant message factors in NF-κB pathway which has been reported high expression in astrocyte treated by Aβ. HupA, an alkaloid isolated from Chinese herb Huperzia serrata, has been widely used to treat AD and observations reflected that it improves memory and cognitive capacity of AD patients. To reveal its molecular mechanisms on p65, we cultured astrocytes, built Aβ-induced AD model, treated astrocytes with HupA at different concentrations, assayed cell viability with MTT, and detected p65 expression by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Our results revealed that treatment with 10 μM Aβ1–42 for 24 h induced a significant increase of NF-κB in astrocytes; HupA significantly down-regulated p65 expression induced by Aβ in astrocytes. This study infers that HupA can regulate NF-κB pathway to treat AD.
Forms of interdisciplinarity in four sport science research centres in Europe
Authors: Camy Jean , Fargier Patrick , Perrin Claire , Belli Alain 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInterdisciplinarity is often presented as a significant element of sport science. We present here the results of an investigation conducted in four European Sport Science Research Centres applying interdisciplinarity. Four main dimensions, that we have called “forms”, have been investigated. The “scientific”, “organisational”, “academic” and “societal” forms cover a wide range of activities run by these Centres. We have compared their situations using indicators. Globally they present quite similar combinations of forms, with dominant roles in the construction of interdisciplinarity played by the organisational and societal forms. The scientific form is never quite supported by an epistemological setting and the academic form, mostly characterised by the position of the university, plays an influential role when it is hostile to that kind of research. Following Klein classification, all of them remain at a multidisciplinary stage, one of them exploring interdisciplinary tracks in some research projects. The development of a common culture and a curiosity regarding disciplines other than its own is a key factor for a sustainable situation, as is the capacity to secure long‐term financial resources, often linked to a high academic recognition for the director(s).
Modelling third harmonic ion cyclotron acceleration of deuterium beams for JET fusion product studies experiments
Authors: Schneider M. , Johnson T. , Dumont R. , Eriksson J. , Eriksson L.-G. , Giacomelli L. , Girardo J.-B. , Hellsten T. , Khilkevitch E. , Kiptily V.G. , Koskela T. , Mantsinen M. , Nocente M. , Salewski M. , Sharapov S.E. , Shevelev A.E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Recent JET experiments have been dedicated to the studies of fusion reactions between deuterium (D) and Helium-3 (3He) ions using neutral beam injection (NBI) in synergy with third harmonic ion cyclotron radio-frequency heating (ICRH) of the beam. This scenario generates a fast ion deuterium tail enhancing DD and D3He fusion reactions. Modelling and measuring the fast deuterium tail accurately is essential for quantifying the fusion products. This paper presents the modelling of the D distribution function resulting from the NBI+ICRF heating scheme, reinforced by a comparison with dedicated JET fast ion diagnostics, showing an overall good agreement. Finally, a sawtooth activity for these experiments has been observed and interpreted using SPOT/RFOF simulations in the framework of Porcelli’s theoretical model, where NBI+ICRH accelerated ions are found to have a strong stabilizing effect, leading to monster sawteeth.
Executive Summary: 2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Clinical Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Galgiani John N. , Ampel Neil M. , Blair Janis E. , Catanzaro Antonino , Geertsma Francesca , Hoover Susan E. , Johnson Royce H. , Kusne Shimon , Lisse Jeffrey , MacDonald Joel D. , Meyerson Shari L. , Raksin Patricia B. , Siever John , Stevens David A. , Sunenshine Rebecca , Theodore Nicholas 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
It is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. Infectious Diseases Society of America considers adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient's individual circumstances.
Coccidioidomycosis, also known as San Joaquin Valley fever, is a systemic infection endemic to parts of the southwestern United States and elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere. Residence in and recent travel to these areas are critical elements for the accurate recognition of patients who develop this infection. In this practice guideline, we have organized our recommendations to address actionable questions concerning the entire spectrum of clinical syndromes. These can range from initial pulmonary infection, which eventually resolves whether or not antifungal therapy is administered, to a variety of pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications. Additional recommendations address management of coccidioidomycosis occurring for special at-risk populations. Finally, preemptive management strategies are outlined in certain at-risk populations and after unintentional laboratory exposure.