bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REVIEW: Story telling as the hub of investigative reporting
Authors: Obijiofor Levi 
Published: March 2017

Review of: Story-based Inquiry: A manual for investigative journalists, by Mark Lee Hunter, Nils Hanson, Rana Sabbagh, Luuk Sengers, Drew Sullivan, Flemming Tait Svith and Pia Thordsen. Paris: UNESCO. 2011, 87 pp. ISBN 9789231041891 (pbk).In this book, Story-based inquiry: A manual for investigative journalists, authors Mark Lee Hunter, Nils Hanson, Rana Sabbagh, Luuk Sengers, Drew Sullivan, Flemming Tait Svith and Pia Thordsen present detailed, systematic and practical processes and procedures through which journalists can engage in investigative reporting. The authors acknowledge that, like all human activities, investigation consumes time, money and energy, but at the end it is worth the effort. This manual, published by the UNESCO head office in Paris, represents a major contribution to the literature on investigative journalism.
Islamisasi dan Perkembangan Kerajaan Hoamoal di Seram Bagian Barat
Authors: Handoko Wuri 
Published: March 2017

Hoamoal kingdom is one of the Islamic empire in the Moluccas Islands, precisely in Ceram which has an important role in the movement of Islamization in Central Moluccas region. This study with emphasis on archaeological survey method to collect physical data or artefaktual, then do the processing and analys is of data to explain the influence of Islam in the region. This study aims to look at developments in the history of the Kingdom Hoamoal Islam and trade in the region of Central Moluccas, and saw its role in supporting the Islamization movement in the region. The result showed that the growth of the Kingdom Hoamoal explanation can not be separated from the influence of Ternate in the form of Islamization and trade networks. Kerajaan Hoamoal adalah salah satu kerajaan Islam di wilayah Kepulauan Maluku, tepatnya di Pulau Seram yang memiliki peran penting dalam gerak Islamisasi di wilayah Maluku Tengah. Penelitian ini dengan menekankan pada metode survei arkeologi untuk mengumpulkan data fisik atau artefaktual, kemudian melakukan pengolahan dan analisis data untuk menjelaskan pengaruh Islam di wilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perkembangan Kerajaan Hoamoal dalam sejarah perkembangan Islam dan perdagangan di wilayah Maluku Tengah, serta melihat perannya dalam menunjang gerak Islamisasi di wilayah tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh penjelasan bahwa berkembangnya Kerajaan Hoamoal tidak terlepas dari pengaruh Ternate dalam membentuk jaringan Islamisasi dan perdagangan.
Survei Arkeologis di Kawasan Halmahera Bagian Tengah
Authors: Ririmasse Marlon NR 
Published: March 2017

Halmahera is one main island in the northeast region of Wallacea. Having a uniquely environmental profile, Halmahera also serves as a home for a long cultural historical process of this region. Including for archaeological studies. Numbers of preliminary studies have been conducted to understand the dynamic of region’s culture in the past. Unfortunately, the quantity and the depth of these studies have not equivalent to the colossal potential of Halmahera’s culture history. This research is a part of the efforts to contribute in completing our knowledge on the dynamics of culture history in Halmahera. Focus of this research is to identify the archaeological potential in the geographic area of Central Halmahera. The opening of the large scale nickel mines in this region which is potentially threaten the preservation of the cultural heritage is the main consideration in chosing the research locus. Prelimenary survey has been adopted as an approach in this research. This study found that the region of Central Halmahera is a high potentially area for archaeological research according to the large coverage of the karst area in this region. Rescue and preservation action of sites in the mining area is absolutely necessary in order to maintaining the existence of all cultural heritage in the region.Halmahera merupakan salah satu daratan utama di timur laut kawasan Wallasea. Tidak hanya memiliki profil lingkungan yang khas, Halmahera juga merupakan rumah bagi proses panjang sejarah budaya kawasan. Termasuk bagi studi arkeologis. Berbagai kajian awal telah dilakukan untuk memahami dinamika budaya masa lalu di wilayah ini. Meski demikian kuantitas dan kedalamannya kiranya belum berbanding lurus dengan potensi raya sejarah budaya Halmahera sebagai sebuah kawasan. Kajian ini merupakan bagian dari upaya dalam berkontribusi melengkapi pengetahuan terkait dinamika sejarah budaya di wilayah Halmahera. Fokus penelitian diarahkan untuk menemukan segenap potensi arkeologis dalam lingkup geografis Halmahera Bagian Tengah. Pembukaan tambang nikel berskala besar di wilayah ini yang mengancam kelestarian warisan budaya menjadi salah satu pertimbangan utama dalam penentuan lokus. Survei penjajakan diadopsi sebagai metode dalam kajian ini. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa wilayah Halmahera Tengah memiliki potensi tinggi secara arkeologis mengacu pada bentang luas kawasan karst yang potensial sebagai hunian masa lalu dan segenap jejak tradisi yang masih melekat dalam keseharian masyarakat. Tindakan penyelamatan dan pelestarian atas situs-situs dalam pertambangan nikel mutlak diperlukan untuk menjaga eksistensi segenap warisan budaya dalam kawasan.
25 anos de investigação na FEUP no domínio dos geossintéticos
Authors: Lurdes Lopes Maria 
Published: March 2017

Neste trabalho resume-se a investigação (no domínio dos geossintéticos) desenvolvida ao longo de 25 anos na Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP) com base, fundamentalmente, nos projetos de investigação financiados. Para cada projeto são indicados os objetivos da investigação correspondente e os indicadores de realização mais relevantes, nomeadamente: patentes, protótipos, instalações piloto, aplicações computacionais e dissertações de doutoramento. As dissertações de mestrado mencionadas no texto resumem-se às que contribuíram de modo relevante para os indicadores atrás referidos. Apenas as publicações alvo de prémios Revista Geotecnia são mencionadas no texto.
Nuclear characteristics of epoxy resin as a space environment neutron shielding
Authors: Adeli R. , Shirmardi S. P. , Mazinani S. , Ahmadi S. J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In recent years many investigations have been done for choosing applicable light neutron shielding in space environmental applications. In this study, we have considered the neutron radiation-protective characteristics of neat epoxy resin, a thermoplastic polymer material and have compared it with various candidate materials in neutron radiation protection such as Al 6061 alloy and Polyethylene. The aim of this investigation is the effect of type of moderator for fast neutron, notwithstanding neutron absorbers fillers. The nuclear interactions and the effective dose at shields have been studied with the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code (MCNP), using variance reductions to reduce the relative error. Among the candidates, polymer matrix showed a better performance in attenuating fast neutrons and caused a lower neutron and secondary photon effective dose.
Development of a parallel processing couple for calculations of control rod worth in terms of burn-up in a WWER-1000 reactor
Authors: Noori-Kalkhoran O. , Ahangari R. , Shirani A. S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this study a code based method has been developed for calculation of integral and differential control rod worth in terms of burn-up for a WWER-1000 reactor. Parallel processing of WIMSD-5B, PARCS V2.7 and COBRA-EN has been used for this purpose. WIMSD-5B has been used for cell calculation and handling burn-up of core at different days. PARCS V2.7 has been used for neutronic calculation of core and critical boron concentration search. Thermal-hydraulic calculation has been performed by COBRA-EN. A Parallel processing algorithm has been developed by MATLAB to couple and transfer suitable data between these codes in each step. Steady-State Power Picking Factors (PPFs) of the core and Control rod worth have been calculated from Beginning Of Cycle (BOC) to 289.7 Effective full Power Days (EFPDs) in some steps. Results have been compared with Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) results. The results show great similarity and confirm the ability of developed coupling in calculation of control rod worth in terms of burn-up.
Exact solution of the neutron transport equation in spherical geometry
Authors: Anlı F. , Akkurt A. , Yıldırım H. , Ateş K. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Solution of the neutron transport equation in one dimensional slab geometry construct a basis for the solution of neutron transport equation in a curvilinear geometry. Therefore, in this work, we attempt to derive an exact analytical benchmark solution for both neutron transport equations in slab and spherical medium by using PN approximation which is widely used in neutron transport theory.
Size control synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles and its application as ZnO-water based nanofluid in heat transfer enhancement in light water nuclear reactor
Authors: Sharma D. , Pandey K. M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A novel and facile approach for size-tunable synthesis of ZnO nanoparticle (NPs) is reported. Size-tuning was attained by using PEG (polyethylene glycol) of molecular weights 400 and 4 000. ZnO NPs was synthesized using homogeneous chemical precipitation followed by hydrothermal. Here triethylamine (TEA) was used as a hydroxylating agent. As-synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Synthesized ZnO nanoparticle was used for the preparation of ZnO-water based nanofluid and its application in heat transfer enhancement in light water nuclear reactor. In this work, ZnO-water based nanofluid of different volume concentration (1 percnt;, 2 percnt; and 3 percnt;) and particle size of 10 nm and 20 nm is used for enhancement in heat transfer in annular channel by using two phase approach. The particle size of 10 nm gives better result for enhancing the heat transfer rate in comparison to 20 nm particle size in nuclear reactor.
La biodiversité des oiseaux nicheurs et de leurs biotopes
Authors: Lebreton Philippe 
Published: March 2017

L'ornithologie bénéficie d'une certaine commodité d'inventaire, permettant d'illustrer le concept de biodiversité déjà largement mis en œuvre sous la forme plus empirique de «richesse» (spécifique, générique, etc.). Des exemples sont présentés à divers niveaux biogéographiques ; les résultats accordent à l'avifaune un caractère d'indicateur écologique pour les formations végétales et les paysages, rejoignant notre propre perception de l'environnement. Globalement, le constat évolutif de biodiversité avienne est qualifiable d'équilibré, à défaut d'être «franchement positif », les progressions l'emportant généralement sur les régressions. Les progressions concernent le tiers de l'avifaune en Rhône-Alpes et seulement le quart en France ; au même niveau national, elles sont voisines des régressions, ainsi qu'en Dombes, district soumis au syndrome agro-cynégétique. Mais où Rhône-Alpes l'emporte, c'est par un niveau de régression inférieur de moitié environ à celui des autres niveaux, et par son taux de progression. Dans divers contextes biogéographiques et humains (Dombes, Vanoise), la biodiversité avienne et son évolution s'expriment très différemment selon les groupes : Canards vs Hérons ; Galliformes vs Rapaces diurnes. Les causes sont complexes, dépendant de paramètres écologiques et anthropiques, mais aussi du hasard ou d'un dynamisme propre aux oiseaux concernés.
A propos de méthodologie :
Pour cerner la biodiversité, l'ornithologue rencontre deux difficultés méthodologiques : de simples listes spécifiques permettent aisément de comparer (en présence / absence) plusieurs situations homologues et d'en déduire un classement qualitatif. Inversement, des visées plus fondamentales ou gestionnaires exigent des relevés quantitatifs, certes plus instructifs mais d'obtention coûteuse et / ou délicate. Un double compromis, «semi-quantitatif», peut être proposé : la multiplication des relevés dans une même station permet d'accéder à la fréquence de ses espèces ; l'obtention d'indices (relatifs) d'abondance autorise la comparaison de stations distinctes, toutes choses voisines par ailleurs. Un autre problème est d'harmoniser les relevés puis les données avec d'autres disciplines, pour accéder aux niveaux biocénotiques de la biodiversité. Des choix sont à faire selon les visées, les contextes, les moyens... et le caractère de chacun.
Investigating the polar ionosphere during the development of neutral density enhancements on 24–25 September 2000
Authors: Horvath Ildiko , Lovell Brian C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe focus on the well‐known northern daytime neutral density spikes detected by CHAMP on 25 September 2000 and related coupled magnetospheric‐ionospheric‐thermospheric processes. We investigate the underlying magnetic events and resultant thermospheric variations plus the state of the ionospheric polar region by employing multi‐instrument CHAMP and DMSP data. Results show the unfolding of a weak (SYM‐HMin ≈ −27 nT; ~0345 UT) magnetic storm during which these northern density spikes occurred. Some smaller southern daytime density spikes were also detected prior to this storm on the previous day. All these density spikes were detected in or near polar convection flow channels (FCs). Each FC was characterized by strong antisunward zonal ion drifts that excited the zonal and meridional neutral winds leaving the signature of FC in the CHAMP neutral wind measurements and thus providing direct observational evidence of FC underlying the density spike. Additional to the small‐scale field‐aligned current (SS‐FAC) filaments, the sudden intensifications of ionospheric closure current in the FC fueled the thermosphere and contributed to the development of upwelling and density spike. Some smaller density increases occurred due to the weak intensification of ionospheric closure currents. Equatorward (poleward) directed meridional neutral winds strengthened (weakened) the density spike by moving the neutral density up and along (down and against) the upwelling fueled by the ionospheric closure current and SS‐FAC filaments.
Nucleation of dynamic slip on a hydraulically fractured fault
Authors: Azad M. , Garagash D. I. , Satish M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis work is concerned with the relationship between hydraulic fracturing injection into a fault and the possibility of a seismic slip. The results of this study show that the nucleation of dynamic slip on a fault with slip‐weakening friction is only weakly dependent on the magnitude of the stress perturbation ahead of the propagating hydraulic fracture (HF), or the HF propagation regime, and is mainly controlled by the hydraulic fracture length (i.e., the size of the fully unloaded fault segment at a given time). The growth of the fault slipping patch remains stable when the background shear stress τ0 is smaller than the residual fault strength τr under ambient conditions. Otherwise (τ0>τr), nucleation of dynamic slip takes place when the hydraulic fracture grows to the critical size ℓc, which is vanishingly small
for critically stressed faults (i.e., when the background stress approaches the fault peak strength,
) and is diverging as
when the stability boundary is approached (
). Our solution for the critical HF size allows to infer the corresponding fluid injection volume that may lead to slip instability on a fault with given frictional properties and background stress.
Projected changes in significant wave height toward the end of the 21st century: Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Aarnes Ole Johan , Reistad Magnar , Breivik Øyvind , Bitner‐Gregersen Elzbieta , Ingolf Eide Lars , Gramstad Odin , Magnusson Anne Karin , Natvig Bent , Vanem Erik 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWind field ensembles from six CMIP5 models force wave model time slices of the northeast Atlantic over the last three decades of the 20th and the 21st centuries. The future wave climate is investigated by considering the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. The CMIP5 model selection is based on their ability to reconstruct the present (1971–2000) extratropical cyclone activity, but increased spatial resolution has also been emphasized. In total, the study comprises 35 wave model integrations, each about 30 years long, in total more than 1000 years. Here annual statistics of significant wave height are analyzed, including mean parameters and upper percentiles. There is general agreement among all models considered that the mean significant wave height is expected to decrease by the end of the 21st century. This signal is statistically significant also for higher percentiles, but less evident for annual maxima. The RCP8.5 scenario yields the strongest reduction in wave height. The exception to this is the north western part of the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea, where receding ice cover gives longer fetch and higher waves. The upper percentiles are reduced less than the mean wave height, suggesting that the future wave climate has higher variance than the historical period.
Ekman circulation in the Arctic Ocean: Beyond the Beaufort Gyre
Authors: Ma Barry , Steele Michael , Lee Craig M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractData derived from satellite‐based observations, with buoy‐based observations and assimilations, are used to calculate ocean Ekman layer transport and evaluate long‐term trends in the Arctic Ocean over the period 1979–2014. The 36 year mean of upwelling (downwelling) is 3.7 ± 2.0 (–4.0 ± 2.2) Sv for the entire Arctic Basin, with ∼0.3 Sv net downwelling contributed mostly by the Canadian region. With regard to long‐term trends, the annual mean upwelling (downwelling) over the entire Arctic Basin is increasing at a linear rate of 0.92 (–0.98) Sv/decade. The Canada/Alaska coasts and Beaufort and Laptev Seas are regions of greatest Ekman transport intensification. The central Arctic Ocean and Lincoln Sea also have an increasing trend in transport. The Canadian and Eurasian regions each account for about half the total vertical Ekman variations in the Arctic Basin.
Optimization of intra‐voxel incoherent motion measurement in diffusion‐weighted imaging of breast cancer
Authors: Chen Wenjing , Zhang Juan , Long Dan , Wang Zhenchang , Zhu Jian‐Ming 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to optimize intra‐voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) measurement in diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) of breast cancer by separating perfusion and diffusion effects through the determination of an optimal threshold b‐value, thus benign and cancerous breast tissues can be accurately differentiated using IVIM‐derived diffusion and perfusion parameters.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐eight patients, with biopsy‐confirmed breast cancers, were studied with a 3T MRI scanner, using T1‐weighted dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI images, and diffusion‐weighted images with nine b‐values, ranging from 0 to 1000 s/mm². IVIM‐derived parameter maps for tissue diffusion coefficients D, perfusion fraction f, and pseudo‐diffusion coefficients D* were computed using the segmented fitting method with optimized threshold b‐value, and the sum of squared residuals (SSR) were calculated for IVIM‐derived parameters in different breast lesions.ResultsThe IVIM analysis method developed in this work can separate perfusion and diffusion effects with the optimal threshold b‐value of 300 s/mm², and the results of diffusion and perfusion parameters from IVIM analysis can be used to differentiate pathological changes in breast tissues. It was found that the averages and standard deviations of the diffusion and perfusion parameters, D, f, D*, are the following, for malignant, benign and normal breast tissues respectively: D (0.813 ± 0.225 × 10−3 mm2/s, 1.437 ± 0.538 × 10−3 mm2/s, 1.838 ± 0.213 × 10−3 mm2/s), f (10.73 ± 3.44%, 7.86 ± 3.70%, 8.92 ± 3.72%), D* (15.23 ± 12.17×10−3 mm²/s, 12.02 ± 3.19 × 10−3 mm2/s, 12.03 ± 7.21 × 10−3 mm2/s).ConclusionIVIM‐derived diffusion and perfusion parameter maps depend highly on the choice of threshold b‐value. Using the methodology developed in this work, and with the optimized threshold b‐value, the diffusion and perfusion parameters of breast tissues can be accurately assessed, making IVIM MRI a technique of choice for differential diagnosis of breast cancer.
Ladungen verschieben Protonierungen: Neutronenbeugung zeigt, dass Anilin und 2‐Aminopyridin protoniert an Trypsin binden
Authors: Schiebel Johannes , Gaspari Roberto , Sandner Anna , Ngo Khang , Gerber Hans‐Dieter , Cavalli Andrea , Ostermann Andreas , Heine Andreas , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWasserstoffatome sind entscheidend bei der Vermittlung von Protein‐Ligand‐Wechselwirkungen. Sie bestimmen die Qualität entstehender H‐Brückennetzwerke und definieren Protonierungszustände gebundener Liganden. Die strukturelle Visualisierung von H‐Atomen ist röntgenkristallographisch nur selten möglich. Hier wurden die Wasserstoffpositionen von Anilin und 2‐Aminopyridin im an die Serinprotease Trypsin gebundenen Zustand durch Neutronenbeugung untersucht. Die resultierenden Strukturen wurden mit der höchsten bisher für Proteine mit >100 Aminosäuren erzielten Auflösung erhalten. Dies ermöglicht die exakte Beschreibung der Protonierungszustände und Wechselwirkungen mit umgebenden Wassermolekülen. Trotz seines niedrigen pKa‐Werts von 4.6 und einem Abstand von 3.6 Å zum geladenen Asp189 am Boden der S1‐Tasche liegt die Aminogruppe von Anilin protoniert vor. Hingegen wird in 2‐Aminopyridin das Pyridin‐N‐Atom protoniert, obwohl dessen Aminogruppe um 1.6 Å näher an Asp189 liegt. Folglich ist, abgesehen von Ladungs‐Ladungs‐Abständen, die Stabilität der möglichen Tautomere ausschlaggebend für den erhaltenen Bindungsmodus und damit entscheidend für die Vorhersage von Bindungsmodi.
A DNAzyme Feedback Amplification Strategy for Biosensing
Authors: Liu Meng , Zhang Qiang , Chang Dingran , Gu Jimmy , Brennan John D. , Li Yingfu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe report a signal amplification strategy termed DNAzyme feedback amplification (DFA) that takes advantage of rolling‐circle amplification (RCA) and an RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme (RCD). DFA employs two specially programmed DNA complexes, one composed of a primer and a circular template containing the antisense sequence of an RCD, and the other composed of the same circular template and an RNA‐containing substrate for the RCD. RCA is initiated at the first complex to produce RCD elements that go on to cleave the substrate in the second complex. This cleavage event triggers the production of more input complexes for RCA. This reaction circuit continues autonomously, resulting in exponential DNA amplification. We demonstrate the versatility of this approach for biosensing through the design of DFA systems capable of detecting a microRNA sequence and a bacterium, with sensitivity improvements of 3–6 orders of magnitude over conventional methods.