bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of Lateral Malleolar Fractures Using the Compression Cerclage System
Authors: Cansü Eren , Unal Mehmet B. , Gurcan Serkan , Parmaksizoglu Fatih 
Published: October 2016

Background
Lateral malleolar fractures (Weber type B or OTA 44-B) account for 60% of all ankle fractures. To achieve anatomic restoration, surgical stabilization provides better results than conservative treatment. Various fixation methods are available to treat these fractures; however, the best method is still unknown. Our objectives were to present a new, useful, and efficient surgical technique for stabilizing lateral malleolar fractures and to analyze the outcomes of patients treated with the compression cerclage system.

Methods
The surgical technique consists of a Kirschner wire that is passed percutaneously and perpendicular to the fracture line, and a cerclage wire that is passed in a semi-circular fashion over the ends of the Kirschner wire on the lateral side of the bone, leaving loops on each side to allow bilateral compression while twisting both wires. We retrospectively evaluated patients treated with this technique, with or without additional fractures. Follow-up of &lt;24 months and bilateral ankle fractures were the exclusion criteria. Fractures were examined clinically and radiologically in comparison to the uninjured side and were rated according to the criteria reported by McLennon and Ungersma. Olerud and Molander ankle score was used to evaluate functional outcome.

Results
At the final follow-up, 15 out of 21 patients (9 women and 6 men; mean age, 48.2 years [range, 19–78 years]) were evaluated. The mean follow-up was 5.16 years (28–129 months). Five patients had an isolated lateral malleolar fracture; eight had lateral and medial malleolar fractures; and two had trimalleolar fractures. At the final follow-up, 11 patients were rated good functionally and four were fair, and all patients were rated good radiographically according to the criteria by McLennon and Ungersma. Mean Olerud and Molander ankle score was 93.3 (range, 80–100).

Conclusions
The compression cerclage system provides good functional and radiological outcomes in patients with lateral malleolus fractures. This method is useful, safe, and efficient with minimum hardware. It can be applied through limited soft-tissue stripping, which is especially important in patients with a high risk for wound complications.
Injection-insensitive lateral divergence in broad-area diode lasers achieved by spatial current modulation
Authors: Wang Tao , Tong Cunzhu , Wang Lijie , Zeng Yugang , Tian Sicong , Shu Shili , Zhang Jian , Wang Lijun 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
High-power broad-area (BA) diode lasers often suffer from low beam quality, broad linewidth, and a widened slow-axis far field with increasing current. In this paper, a two-dimensional current-modulated structure is proposed and it is demonstrated that it can reduce not only the far-field sensitivity to the injection current but also the linewidth of the lasing spectra. Injection-insensitive lateral divergence was realized, and the beam parameter product (BPP) was improved by 36.5%. At the same time, the linewidth was decreased by about 45% without significant degradations of emission power and conversion efficiency.
Spatial and temporal variations in creep rate along the El Pilar fault at the Caribbean‐South American plate boundary (Venezuela), from InSAR
Authors: Pousse Beltran Léa , Pathier Erwan , Jouanne François , Vassallo Riccardo , Reinoza Carlos , Audemard Franck , Doin Marie Pierre , Volat Matthieu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn eastern Venezuela, the Caribbean‐South American plate boundary follows the El Pilar fault system. Previous studies based on three GPS campaigns (2003–2005–2013) demonstrated that the El Pilar fault accommodates the whole relative displacement between the two tectonic plates (20 mm/yr) and proposed that 50–60% of the slip is aseismic. In order to quantify the possible variations of the aseismic creep in time and space, we conducted an interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series analysis, using the (NSBAS) New Small BAseline Subset method, on 18 images from the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS‐1) satellite spanning the 2007–2011 period. During this 3.5 year period, InSAR observations show that aseismic slip decreases eastward along the fault: the creep rate of the western segment reaches 25.3 ± 9.4 mm/yr on average, compared to 13.4 ± 6.9 mm/yr on average for the eastern segment. This is interpreted, through slip distribution models, as being related to coupled and uncoupled areas between the surface and ~ 20 km in depth. InSAR observations also show significant temporal creep rate variations (accelerations) during the considered time span along the western segment. The transient behavior of the creep is not consistent with typical postseismic afterslip following the 1997 Ms 6.8 earthquake. The creep is thus interpreted as persistent aseismic slip during an interseismic period, which has a pulse‐ or transient‐like behavior.
Passive rifting of thick lithosphere in the southern East African Rift: Evidence from mantle transition zone discontinuity topography
Authors: Reed Cory A. , Liu Kelly H. , Chindandali Patrick R. N. , Massingue Belarmino , Mdala Hassan , Mutamina Daniel , Yu Youqiang , Gao Stephen S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTo investigate the mechanisms for the initiation and early‐stage evolution of the nonvolcanic southernmost segments of the East African Rift System (EARS), we installed and operated 35 broadband seismic stations across the Malawi and Luangwa rift zones over a 2 year period from mid‐2012 to mid‐2014. Stacking of over 1900 high‐quality receiver functions provides the first regional‐scale image of the 410 and 660 km seismic discontinuities bounding the mantle transition zone (MTZ) within the vicinity of the rift zones. When a 1‐D standard Earth model is used for time‐depth conversion, a normal MTZ thickness of 250 km is found beneath most of the study area. In addition, the apparent depths of both discontinuities are shallower than normal with a maximum apparent uplift of 20 km, suggesting widespread upper mantle high‐velocity anomalies. These findings suggest that it is unlikely for a low‐velocity province to reside within the upper mantle or MTZ beneath the nonvolcanic southern EARS. They also support the existence of relatively thick and strong lithosphere corresponding to the widest section of the Malawi rift zone, an observation that is consistent with strain localization models and fault polarity and geometry observations. We postulate that the Malawi rift is driven primarily by passive extension within the lithosphere attributed to the divergent rotation of the Rovuma microplate relative to the Nubian plate, and that contributions of thermal upwelling from the lower mantle are insignificant in the initiation and early‐stage development of rift zones in southern Africa.
Version 1.3 AIM SOFIE measured methane (CH4): Validation and seasonal climatology
Authors: Rong P. P. , Russell J. M. , Marshall B. T. , Siskind D. E. , Hervig M. E. , Gordley L. L. , Bernath P. F. , Walker K. A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe V1.3 methane (CH4) measured by the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE) instrument is validated in the vertical range of ~25–70 km. The random error for SOFIE CH4 is ~0.1–1% up to ~50 km and degrades to ~9% at ∼ 70 km. The systematic error remains at ~4% throughout the stratosphere and lower mesosphere. Comparisons with CH4 data taken by the SCISAT Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment‐Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE‐FTS) and the Envisat Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) show an agreement within ~15% in the altitude range ~30–60 km. Below ~25 km SOFIE CH4 is systematically higher (≥20%), while above ~65 km it is lower by a similar percentage. The sign change from the positive to negative bias occurs between ~55 km and ~60 km (or ~40 km and ~45 km) in the Northern (or Southern) Hemisphere. Methane, H2O, and 2CH4 + H2O yearly differences from their values in 2009 are examined using SOFIE and MIPAS CH4 and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measured H2O. It is concluded that 2CH4 + H2O is conserved with altitude up to an upper limit between ~35 km and ~50 km depending on the season. In summer this altitude is higher. In the Northern Hemisphere the difference relative to 2009 is the largest in late spring and the established difference prevails throughout summer and fall, suggesting that summer and fall are dynamically quiet. In both hemispheres during winter there are disturbances (with a period of ~1 month) that travel downward throughout the stratosphere with a speed similar to the winter descent.
6‐TIPS‐β‐Cyclodextrin‐Modified Fe3O4 for Facile Enantioseparation of 1‐(1‐Naphthyl)ethylamine
Authors: Wang Lu , Liang Xiang‐Yong , Ding Li‐Sheng , Zhang Sheng , Li Bang‐Jing 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA new type of chiral magnetic nanoparticle was prepared from covalently linked magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and heptakis‐(6‐O‐triisopropylsilyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (6‐TIPS‐β‐CD). The resulting selectors (TIPS‐β‐CD‐MNPs) combined the good magnetic properties Fe3O4 and efficient chiral recognition ability of 6‐TIPS‐β‐CD. The enantioselectivity of TIPS‐β‐CD‐MNPs towards 1‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylamine was six times higher than that of the parent β‐CD modified Fe3O4 particles.
Incidence, risk factors and clinical implications of chyle leak after pancreatic surgery
Authors: Strobel O , Brangs S , Hinz U , Pausch T , Hüttner F J , Diener M K , Schneider L , Hackert T , Büchler M W 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
Chyle leak is a well known but poorly characterized complication after pancreatic surgery. Available data on incidence, risk factors and clinical significance of chyle leak are highly heterogeneous.

Methods
For this cohort study all patients who underwent pancreatic surgery between January 2008 and December 2012 were identified from a prospective database. Chyle leak was defined as any drainage output with triglyceride content of 110 mg/dl or more. Risk factors for chyle leak were assessed by univariable and multivariable analyses. The clinical relevance of chyle leak was evaluated using hospital stay and resolution by 14 days for short-term outcome and overall survival for long-term outcome.

Results
Chyle leak developed in 346 (10·4 per cent) of 3324 patients. Pre-existing diabetes, resection for malignancy, distal pancreatectomy, duration of surgery 180 min or longer, and concomitant pancreatic fistula or abscess were independent risk factors for chyle leak. Both isolated chyle leak and coincidental chyle leak (with other intra-abdominal complications) were associated with prolonged hospital stay. Some 178 (87·7 per cent) of 203 isolated chyle leaks and 90 (70·3 per cent) of 128 coincidental chyle leaks resolved with conservative management within 14 days. Initial and maximum drainage volumes were associated with duration of hospital stay and success of therapy by 14 days. Impact on survival was restricted to chyle leaks that persisted at 14 days in patients with cancer undergoing palliative surgery.

Conclusion
Chyle leak is a relevant complication, with an incidence of more than 10 per cent after pancreatic surgery, and has a major impact on hospital stay. Drainage volume is associated with hospital stay and success of therapy.
Long-term outcomes of a randomized clinical trial of supervised exercise, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or combined treatment for patients with intermittent claudication due to femoropopliteal disease
Authors: Mazari F A K , Khan J A , Samuel N , Smith G , Carradice D , McCollum P C , Chetter I C 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
The aim was to compare the long-term outcomes of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), a supervised exercise programme (SEP) and combined treatment (PTA + SEP) in patients with intermittent claudication owing to femoropopliteal disease.

Methods
Patients recruited to an RCT comparing these treatments were invited for long-term follow-up from 2010 to 2011. Indicators of limb ischaemia were recorded (ankle : brachial pressure index (ABPI) and treadmill walking distances). Duplex ultrasound imaging was also done. Patients completed Short Form 36 and VascuQol quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaires.

Results
Of 178 patients initially recruited to the trial, 139 were alive at the time of follow-up (PTA 46, SEP 47, PTA + SEP 46). Assessments were completed for 111 patients. Median time to follow-up was 5·2 (i.q.r. 3·8–7·4) years. Sixty-nine patients (62·2 per cent) were symptomatic; 18 (16·2 per cent) had experienced a major cardiovascular event since their last follow-up visit. Improvement was observed in ABPI in all groups. QoL outcomes were inconsistent across individual groups. PTA and PTA + SEP groups had a significantly higher ABPI than the SEP group. No significant difference was observed in treadmill walking distances, QoL outcomes, restenosis rates, and new ipsilateral and contralateral lesions on duplex imaging. Patients in all groups required reinterventions (PTA 14, SEP 10, PTA + SEP 6). The total number of reinterventions was higher after PTA (29) compared with SEP (17) and PTA + SEP (9), but failed to reach statistical significance.

Conclusion
PTA, SEP and combined treatment were equally effective long-term treatment options for patients with claudication owing to femoropopliteal disease. The addition of a SEP to PTA can reduce the rate of symptomatic restenosis and reintervention. Registration number: NCT00798850 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Biotransformation and metabolic profile of anemoside B4 with rat small and large intestine microflora by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wan Jin‐Yi , Zhang Yu‐Zhen , Yuan Jin‐Bin , Yang Feng‐Qing , Chen Yan , Zhou Lian‐Di , Zhang Qi‐Hui 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel is commonly used in Asia, and anemoside B4 (AB4) is its major saponin, with diverse pharmaceutical effects. Previous studies showed that intestinal flora plays an important role in the metabolism of herbs administered orally. In this study, the metabolic profile of AB4 with microflora in rat small and large intestines in vitro was investigated. Gut microflora was collected from different intestinal segments and anaerobically incubated with AB4 at 37°C for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. A total of 10 metabolites were detected and identified by ultra‐ performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, involving the products of oxygenation and deglycosylation reactions. Gut microflora in the large intestine generated more comprehensive metabolic pathways, which appears to be attributable to the wider range of bacterial types and numbers of bacteria. Human cancer cell lines SMMC‐7721, Hela and MCF‐7 were treated with metabolite pools by MTT assay, together with M6 as the greatest deglycosylation product. As a result, M6 exhibited a reduction in cell viability of SMMC‐7721 with an IC50 value of 22.28 ± 1.26 μg/mL. The present study provided scientific evidence for AB4 metabolism in small and large intestines, which is helpful to reveal the active forms of AB4 in vivo.
The Use of Social Psychology in Rural Development? Two Readings of Rural Business Owners' Values
Authors: Niska Miira , Vesala Hannu T. , Vesala Kari Mikko 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRural development refers to diverse attempts being made to address the problems of rural communities. In Finland, rural development leans heavily on entrepreneurship and small business development. Rural development processes have a strong social psychological component that entails that psychological knowledge is crucial for rural development agents. Nevertheless, psychological knowledge has also been criticised for simplifying highly complex development processes and overstating the role of internal psychological factors. In this paper, we argue that, regarding the relevance and utility of psychological knowledge, the question is not only how extensively different factors are taken into account but also how knowledge about psychological factors is read and interpreted. In this paper, we focus on Finnish rural business owners' values and demonstrate that value survey data can be read from two different social psychological perspectives: those of substantialism and relationalism. Although data and the conducted analyses are kept constant, the two readings produce differing types of knowledge of rural business owners' values; one reveals what business owners ‘truly’ are like and the other informs how to best communicate with business owners. Both readings are potentially useful for rural development work. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic pancreas tumor: a case report
Authors: Battal Muharrem , Kartal Kinyas , Tuncel Deniz , Bostanci Ozgur 
Published: October 2016

Key Clinical MessageInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) histologically characterized by fibroblastic and myofibroblastic proliferation with inflammatory infiltrate. The therapy adopted was Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy with a histological diagnosis of the inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. The disease that should be considered as the differential diagnosis is pancreatic cancer. The diagnosis and treatment of IMT is surgical resection.
Spilled‐Oil Sorbents Prepared by Recycling of Eutrophicated Aquatic Plants
Authors: Yin Tiantian , Zhang Xinying , Liu Xiaoyan , Chai Wenbo , Li Beibei , Wang Chaoqun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRecycling of four eutrophicated aquatic plants including Eichhornia crassipes, Herba Lysimachiae, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and Potamogeton crispus as spilled‐oil sorbents was investigated. The rough and hydrophobic structures of aquatic plants were observed by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. The four plants exhibited superior oil sorption capacities, especially the stalk of Eichhornia crassipes. Such high oil sorption was ascribed to their high capillarity and hydrophobic surface. The aquatic plants absorbed oil to reach adsorption saturation within one minute. The oil sorption capacity was significantly affected by particle size, but was hardly influenced by temperature. The results demonstrated that the aquatic plants could be applied as low‐cost and environment‐friendly spilled‐oil sorbents.
Alkalinity Initiated Decomposition of Mediating Imidazolium Ions in High Current Density CO2 Electrolysis
Authors: Neubauer Sebastian S. , Schmid Bernhard , Reller Christian , Guldi Dirk M. , Schmid Günter 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAqueous ionic liquid electrolytes featuring the promising 1,3‐dialkyl‐ and 1,2,3‐trialkyl‐imidazolium cations are reported in CO2 electrolysis up to 200 mA cm−2. A close‐to‐application flow cell setup equipped with silver gas diffusion electrode to overcome CO2 mass transport limitations was used. Faraday efficiencies for CO as high as 68 % were achieved, while inhibiting the hydrogen evolution reaction. Particular attention is paid to the stability of the ionic liquids, which is determined by 1H NMR spectroscopic measurements. The root cause of decomposition is the formation of hydroxide ions through reduction reactions. A high local pH arises that depends on the current density. The water content is also found to play a key role. An overall mechanism is proposed from analysis of the decomposition products including methylamine, ethylamine, formate, acetate and N1‐ethyl‐N2‐methylethane‐1,2‐diamine. Methylation of the susceptible C2 position of the imidazolium ring fails to stabilize the system under high conversion rate electrolysis conditions.
Crowded Star Mesogens: Guest‐Controlled Stability of Mesophases from Unconventional Liquid‐Crystal Molecules
Authors: Lehmann Matthias , Maier Philipp , Grüne Matthias , Hügel Markus 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe molecular design of crowded hexasubstituted star mesogens based on a benzene core and alternating substitution with oligo(phenylenevinylene) arms and aryl units generates free space between the conjugated arm scaffolds. Various arylcarboxy building blocks, decorated with alkoxy chains, have been incorporated in the void by mixing, hydrogen bonding or covalent bonds to the aryl groups. The mesogens assemble in columnar stacks ranging from soft crystals to rectangular and hexagonal columnar liquid crystals, revealed by polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray scattering and modelling. The stability of the mesophases is crucially influenced by the binding mode of the arylcarboxy guest building blocks. The origin of the variation in clearing temperature is unravelled by modelling, cohesive energy density considerations and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The control over the transition temperature is important for the formation of aligned thin films and thus for potential applications.
Triggering Emission with the Helical Turn in Thiadiazole‐Helicenes
Authors: Biet Thomas , Martin Kévin , Hankache Jihane , Hellou Nora , Hauser Andreas , Bürgi Thomas , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Aharon Tal , Caricato Marco , Crassous Jeanne , Avarvari Narcis 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroduction of heterocycles into the helical skeleton of helicenes allows modulation of their redox, chiroptical, and photophysical properties. This paper describes the straightforward preparation and structural characterization by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction of thiadiazole‐[7]helicene, which was resolved into M and P enantiomers by chiral HPLC, together with its S‐shaped double [4]helicene isomer, as well as the smaller congeners thiadiazole‐[5]helicene and benzothiadiazole‐anthracene. A copper(II) complex with two thiadiazole‐[5]helicene ligands was structurally characterized, and it shows the presence of both M and P isomers coordinated to the metal center. The emission properties of the heterohelicenes are highly dependent on the helical turn, as the [7]‐ and [5]helicene are poorly emissive, whereas their isomers, that is, the S‐shaped double [4]helicene and thiadiazole‐benzanthracene, are luminescent, with quantum efficiencies of 5.4 and 6.5 %, respectively. DFT calculations suggest quenching of the luminescence of enantiopure [7]helicenes through an intersystem‐crossing mechanism arising from the relaxed excited S1 state.
Nanoscale MnII‐Coordination Polymers for Cell Imaging and Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Sarkar Koushik , Dastidar Parthasarathi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA mixed ligand approach was exploited to synthesize a new series of MnII‐based coordination polymers (CPs), namely, CP1 {[Mn(μ‐dpa)(μ‐4,4′‐bp)]⋅MeOH}∞, CP2 {[Mn3(μ‐dpa)3(2,2′‐bp)2]}∞, CP3 {[Mn3(μ‐dpa)3(1,10‐phen)2]⋅2 H2O}∞, CP4 {[Mn(μ‐dpa)(μ‐4,4′‐bpe)1.5]⋅H2O}∞, CP5 {[Mn2(μ‐dpa)2(μ‐4,4′‐bpe)2]⋅
DEF}∞, and CP6 {[Mn(μ‐dpa)(μ‐4,4′‐bpe)1.5]⋅
DMA}∞ (dpa=3,5‐dicarboxyphenyl azide, 2,2′‐bp=2,2′‐bipyridine, 1,10‐phen=1,10‐phenanthroline, 4,4′‐bpe=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene, 4,4′‐bp=4,4′‐bipyridine, DEF=N,N‐diethylformamide, DMA=N,N‐dimethylacetamide), to develop multifunctional CPs. Various techniques, such as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SXRD), FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis, were employed to fully characterize these CPs. The majority of the CPs displayed a four‐connected sql topology, whereas CP4 and CP6 exhibited a two‐dimensional SnS network architecture, which was further entangled in a polycatenation mode. Compound CP1 displayed an open framework structure. The CPs were scaled down to the nanoregime in a ball mill for cell imaging studies. Whereas CP2 and CP4 were employed for cell imaging with RAW264.7 cells, CP1 was exploited for both cell imaging and heterogeneous catalysis in a cyanosilylation reaction.