bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malnutrition in Patients With Cancer: Comparison of Perceptions by Patients, Relatives, and Physicians—Results of the NutriCancer2012 Study
Authors: Gyan Emmanuel , Raynard Bruno , Durand Jean‐Philippe , Lacau Saint Guily Jean , Gouy Sébastien , Movschin Marie Lespiau , Khemissa Faiza , Flori Nicolas , Oziel‐Taieb Sandrine , Bannier Braticevic Cécile , Zeanandin Gilbert , Hebert Christophe , Savinelli Francesco , Goldwasser François , Hébuterne Xavier ,   for the NutriCancer2012 Investigator Group
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground: Malnutrition is a critical predictor of toxicity and outcome in patients with cancer and may be perceived differently by patients, relatives, and physicians. Aims: To assess the prevalence of malnutrition in oncology departments and to compare it with the perceptions of nutrition status by patients themselves, their closest relatives, and attending physicians. Materials and Methods: A 1‐day multicentric cross‐sectional survey on the prevalence of malnutrition was conducted in different oncology departments using patient‐, relative‐, and physician‐specific questionnaires. Malnutrition was defined by a weight loss ≥5% within 1 month or ≥10% within 6 months, a body mass index ≤18.5 kg/m2 in patients aged <70 years or ≤21 kg/m2 in patients aged ≥70 years, and/or albuminemia <35 g/L. Questionnaires for assessing medical condition, knowledge of nutrition status, and perceptions of the impact of malnutrition on daily life were distributed to consenting patients, attending physicians, and closest relatives. Results: A total of 2197 patients were included, and 2071 and 976 questionnaires were collected from patients and relatives, respectively. Prevalence of malnutrition was 39%. Physicians overestimated malnutrition (44%), whereas patients and relatives underestimated it (22% and 23%, respectively, P < .001). Conversely, malnutrition‐associated symptoms were underestimated by physicians compared with patients and relatives. Conclusion: We found a prevalence of malnutrition of 39%: it was underestimated by patients and relatives and overestimated by physicians.
Correlation between Subjective Nasal Patency and Intranasal Airflow Distribution
Authors: Casey Kevin P. , Borojeni Azadeh A. T. , Koenig Lisa J. , Rhee John S. , Garcia Guilherme J. M. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives(1) Analyze the relationship between intranasal airflow distribution and subjective nasal patency in healthy and nasal airway obstruction (NAO) cohorts using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). (2) Determine whether intranasal airflow distribution is an important objective measure of airflow sensation that should be considered in future NAO virtual surgery planning.Study DesignCross‐sectional.SettingAcademic tertiary medical center and academic dental clinic.Subjects and MethodsThree‐dimensional models of nasal anatomy were created based on computed tomography scans of 15 patients with NAO and 15 healthy subjects and used to run CFD simulations of nasal airflow and mucosal cooling. Subjective nasal patency was quantified with a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE). Regional distribution of nasal airflow (inferior, middle, and superior) was quantified in coronal cross sections in the narrowest nasal cavity. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to quantify the correlation between subjective scores and regional airflows.ResultsHealthy subjects had significantly higher middle airflow than patients with NAO. Subjective nasal patency had no correlation with inferior and superior airflows but a high correlation with middle airflow (|r| = 0.64 and |r| = 0.76 for VAS and NOSE, respectively). Anterior septal deviations tended to shift airflow inferiorly, reducing middle airflow and reducing mucosal cooling in some patients with NAO.ConclusionReduced middle airflow correlates with the sensation of nasal obstruction, possibly due to a reduction in mucosal cooling in this region. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of intranasal airflow distribution in the sensation of nasal airflow.
Social Sciences between the Systems: The Ecuadorian University between Science, Education, Politics and Economy
Authors: Altmann Philipp 
Published: January 2017

Universities are, like all organizations, at the intersection of different functional subsystems. They are not only dedicated to research (science) and teaching (education) but are also place for communications that form part of politics, economics and so on. But, what happens to universities, and, more precisely, social sciences in university, if the social system they work in is not differentiated in the way the social sciences in the Global North are used to? What if there is no clear distinction between science and politics? Does academic autonomy lead in this situation to some kind of ‘university as a subsystem’, complete with its own code and autopoiesis? Or will the different subsystems de-differentiate increasingly, as predicted by Luhmann? This contribution will analyse social sciences in Ecuadorian universities as an example for organizations at the intersection of functional systems that are not fully differentiated. The development, the operative closure, the institutionalization and the self-production of a concrete discipline under constant pressure of other social systems will be analysed. The goal is a further insight into processes of differentiation in the Global South and the role of institutions in these processes. Part of this is the attempt to actualize and criticize Niklas Luhmann’s approach of systems theory to regions outside of the Global North. JEL: O300, Z130
Clinical Outcome of Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Combined With Simultaneous Capsular Repair
Authors: Nakagawa Shigeto , Iuchi Ryo , Mae Tatsuo , Mizuno Naoko , Take Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2017

Background: A capsular tear and humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament lesion are not uncommon findings in association with a Bankart lesion. However, there have been few reports regarding the prevalence of such capsular lesions and the postoperative recurrence after capsular repair. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study investigated the prevalence of capsular lesions and clarified their influence on the postoperative recurrence of instability. In addition, factors were identified that were associated with the occurrence of capsular lesions and the postoperative recurrence of instability. We hypothesized that clinical outcomes would be improved by combining arthroscopic Bankart repair with simultaneous capsular repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Capsular lesions were retrospectively examined through operative records, still pictures, and videos in 172 shoulders with traumatic anterior instability. First, the prevalence of capsular lesions and their severity were investigated. Then, postoperative recurrence was determined in shoulders observed for a minimum of 2 years. Finally, factors were assessed that were associated with the occurrence of capsular lesions and the postoperative recurrence of instability. Results: A capsular lesion was recognized in 37 shoulders (21.5%), being severe and mild in 20 and 17, respectively. All were repaired simultaneously with the arthroscopic Bankart procedure. After follow-up for at least 2 years, recurrence of instability was detected in 10 of 34 shoulders (29.4%), including 6 (31.6%) with severe capsular lesions and 4 (26.7%) with mild lesions. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in shoulders with a capsular lesion than in shoulders without a capsular lesion (18 of 120, 15%; P = .013), but there was no significant difference between severe and mild lesions. Regardless of the sport played, capsular lesions were significantly more frequent in patients ≥30 years old, patients with complete dislocation, and patients with a coexisting Hill-Sachs lesion. Postoperative recurrence of instability was significantly more frequent in patients <30 years and competitive athletes. Conclusion: In shoulders undergoing arthroscopic Bankart repair, capsular lesions were often present and were associated with higher postoperative recurrence of instability. While these lesions were more frequent in older patients, postoperative recurrence of instability was more likely in young competitive athletes.
Outcome of Hip Impingement Surgery: Does Generalized Joint Hypermobility Matter?
Authors: Naal Florian D. , Müller Aileen , Varghese Viju D. , Wellauer Vanessa , Impellizzeri Franco M. , Leunig Michael 
Published: January 2017

Background: Generalized joint hypermobility (JH) might negatively influence the results of surgical femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) treatment, as JH has been linked to musculoskeletal pain and injury incidence in athletes. JH may also be associated with worse outcomes of FAI surgery in thin females. Purpose: To (1) determine the results of FAI surgery at a minimum 2-year follow-up by means of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and failure rates, (2) assess the prevalence of JH in FAI patients and its effect on outcomes, and (3) identify other risk factors associated with treatment failure. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We included 232 consecutive patients (118 females; mean age, 36 years) with 244 hips surgically treated for symptomatic FAI between 2010 and 2012. All patients completed different PROMs preoperatively and at a mean follow-up of 3.7 years. Satisfaction questions were used to define subjective failure (answering any of the 2 subjective questions with dissatisfied/ very dissatisfied and/or didn’t help/ made things worse). Conversion to total hip replacement (THR) was defined as objective failure. JH was assessed using the Beighton score. Results: All PROM values significantly ( P < .001) improved from preoperative measurement to follow-up (Oxford Hip Score: 33.8 to 42.4; University of California at Los Angeles Activity Scale: 6.3 to 7.3; EuroQol−5 Dimension Index: 0.58 to 0.80). Overall, 34% of patients scored ≥4 on the Beighton score, and 18% scored ≥6, indicating generalized JH. Eleven hips (4.7%) objectively failed and were converted to THR. Twenty-four patients (10.3%) were considered as subjective failures. No predictive risk factors were identified for subjective failure. Tönnis grade significantly ( P < .001) predicted objective failure (odds ratio, 13; 95% CI, 4-45). There was a weak inverse association ( r = −0.16 to −0.30) between Beighton scores and preoperative PROM values. There were no significant associations between Beighton scores and postoperative PROM values or subjective failure rates, but patients who objectively failed had lower Beighton scores than did nonfailures (1.6 vs 2.6; P = .049). Conclusion: FAI surgery yielded favorable outcomes at short- to midterm follow-up. JH as assessed by the Beighton score was not consistently associated with subjective and objective results. Joint degeneration was the most important risk factor for conversion to THR. Although statistical significance was not reached, female patients with no joint degeneration, only mild FAI deformity, and higher Oxford scores at the time of surgery seemed to be at increased risk for subjective dissatisfaction.
An Exploratory Thematic Analysis of the Breastfeeding Experience of Students at a Canadian University
Authors: West Jenna Mackenzie , Power Jessica , Hayward Kathryn , Joy Phillip 
Published: January 2017

Background: The demographic of today’s university student includes breastfeeding mothers. Few studies have examined the breastfeeding experience that women face upon their return to school. Research aim: The purpose of this research was to explore the breastfeeding experience of students on a university campus. Methods: This qualitative study used semistructured interviews. Responses were audiotaped, transcribed, and coded according to common themes using MAXQDA software. Results: A total of eight women were interviewed for the study. All women reported “feelings of isolation” and expressed concern over “what will others think.” In addition, “nowhere to breastfeed” and “challenges of pumping” emerged as common barriers to breastfeeding. Regrettably, “forced decisions” emerged as a major theme, with four out of eight women reporting having to supplement with formula because they returned to school. Conclusion: Student breastfeeding mothers are faced with emotional and physical challenges upon their return to school. Lack of space to breastfeed or pump as well as lack of support on campus are the main reasons that students stop breastfeeding prematurely. A day care facility on campus that accepts young infants, a Baby-Friendly space, and enhanced education are required to support student mothers in their choice to breastfeed.
Ebola Virus and Marburg Virus in Human Milk Are Inactivated by Holder Pasteurization
Authors: Hamilton Spence Erin , Huff Monica , Shattuck Karen , Vickers Amy , Yun Nadezda , Paessler Slobodan 
Published: January 2017

Background: Potential donors of human milk are screened for Ebola virus (EBOV) using standard questions, but testing for EBOV and Marburg virus (MARV) is not part of routine serological testing performed by milk banks. Research aim: This study tested the hypothesis that EBOV would be inactivated in donor human milk (DHM) by standard pasteurization techniques (Holder) used in all North American nonprofit milk banks. Methods: Milk samples were obtained from a nonprofit milk bank. They were inoculated with EBOV (Zaire strain) and MARV (Angola strain) and processed by standard Holder pasteurization technique. Plaque assays for EBOV and MARV were performed to detect the presence of virus after pasteurization. Results: Neither EBOV nor MARV was detectable by viral plaque assay in DHM or culture media samples, which were pasteurized by the Holder process. Conclusion: EBOV and MARV are safely inactivated in human milk by standard Holder pasteurization technique. Screening for EBOV or MARV beyond questionnaire and self-deferral is not needed to ensure safety of DHM for high-risk infants.
The Mental Health Acute Assessment Team: a collaborative approach to treating mental health patients in the community
Authors: Faddy Steven C , McLaughlin Kevin J , Cox Peta T , Muthuswamy Senthil S 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Many models of community-based mental health crisis teams have been reported. We present our experience of an outreach team made up of a paramedic and mental health nurse. Methods: A proof-of-concept was conducted in Western Sydney. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients where the team were able to facilitate the most appropriate care. Results: Nearly 70% of patients were able to be treated outside the Emergency Department, with about two-thirds being transported directly to a mental health facility. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that our model of care is successful in enabling appropriate physical and mental health care for patients suffering an acute mental health crisis.
Incorporating active learning in psychiatry education
Authors: Kumar Sonia , McLean Loyola , Nash Louise , Trigwell Keith 
Published: January 2017

Objective:We aim to summarise the active learning literature in higher education and consider its relevance for postgraduate psychiatry trainees, to inform the development of a new Formal Education Course (FEC): the Master of Medicine (Psychiatry) at the University of Sydney.Method:We undertook a literature search on ‘active learning’, ‘flipped classroom’, ‘problem-based learning’ and ‘psychiatry education’.Results:The effectiveness of active learning pedagogy in higher education is well supported by evidence; however, there have been few psychiatry-specific studies. A new ‘flipped classroom’ format was developed for the Master of Medicine (Psychiatry).Conclusions:Postgraduate psychiatry training is an active learning environment; the pedagogical approach to FECs requires further evaluation.
A brief history of forensic mental health services in Western Australia
Authors: Martyr Philippa 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To scope the history of forensic mental health services in Western Australia since colonisation. Method: A range of primary sources, including archives, reports, and oral histories was consulted. Results: Forensic mental health services were identified as historically poorly managed, under-resourced, and inconsistently delivered. Conclusions: Current problems with forensic mental health services may be linked to historical factors.
IL-10 Gene Polymorphisms and Self-Medication With Over-the-Counter Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Walsh Stephen J. 
Published: January 2017

Background:Genetic influences on self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs merit investigation. For example, patients frequently use OTC nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat inflammation, but the inflammatory response is also affected by endogenous cytokines whose production varies across polymorphisms of their encoding genes. In the case of interleukin 10 (IL-10), literature suggests that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of the cytokine’s gene (-1082 A > G [rs1800896]) influences production with higher levels associated with G variant alleles.Objective:To demonstrate the feasibility of researching the role of genetics in self-medication by using existing national survey data to evaluate a possible association between OTC NSAID use and genotype at the -1082 SNP of the IL-10 gene.Methods:Statistical analyses were performed using data from 6,309 participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).Results:OTC NSAID use (aspirin or ibuprofen) in the previous month was significantly more common among persons with AG or GG genotypes at the -1082 SNP. Odds of use consistently increased relative to the number of G alleles. This trend remained statistically significant (odds ratio = 1.14 per additional G allele, p = .02, 95% confidence interval [1.02, 1.27]) after adjustment for confounding.Conclusions:Analysis of population-based genetic data suggests an association between a common self-medication behavior and a specific genetic polymorphism. These findings broadly demonstrate that NHANES data provide opportunities to investigate such associations and specifically imply that potential interrelationships among OTC NSAID use, IL-10 genotype, and IL-10 cytokine levels deserve further study.
Reduced brain atrophy rates are associated with lower risk of disability progression in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets
Authors: De Stefano Nicola , Giorgio Antonio , Battaglini Marco , De Leucio Alessandro , Hicking Christine , Dangond Fernando , Giovannoni Gavin , Sormani Maria Pia 
Published: January 2017

Background: Neuroimaging studies have used magnetic resonance imaging-derived methods to assess brain volume loss in multiple sclerosis (MS) as a reliable measure of diffuse tissue damage. Methods: In the CLARITY study ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00213135), the effect of 2 years’ treatment with cladribine tablets on annualized percentage brain volume change (PBVC/y) was evaluated in patients with relapsing MS (RMS). Results: Compared with placebo (–0.70% ± 0.79), PBVC/y was reduced in patients treated with cladribine tablets 3.5 mg/kg (–0.56% ± 0.68, p = 0.010) and 5.25 mg/kg (–0.57% ± 0.72, p = 0.019). After adjusting for treatment group, PBVC/y showed a significant correlation with the cumulative probability of disability progression (HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.571, 0.787; p < 0.001), with patients with lower PBVC/y showing the highest probability of remaining free from disability progression at 2 years and vice versa. Conclusions: Cladribine tablets given annually for 2 years in short-duration courses in patients with RMS in the CLARITY study significantly reduced brain atrophy in comparison with placebo treatment, with residual rates in treated patients being close to the physiological rates.
Theoretical Conversation and Conceptual Transplants Between Economics and Systems Theory: Towards an Interpretative Passe-partout of Functional Systems
Authors: Appignanesi Laura 
Published: January 2017

General systems theory is based on functional differentiation and operational closure, which make autopoiesis possible. However, in the current complex framework, the model proposed by Luhmann seems to need some supplements in order to explain the evolutionary dynamics of world society. While adopting a systemic approach and using its related theoretical tools, the focus is shifted from the inside of a system to its boundaries. The thesis proposed is the integration between the principle of functional differentiation and that of functional connectivity. To prove such an assumption and overcome the limitations of operational closure, the Luhmannian concept of ‘structural coupling’ is used, but theoretical tools borrowed from economics (trade-off, optimal point) are also employed. This interdisciplinary integration makes it possible to argue the shift of the sociological paradigm from ‘functionalism of differences’ towards ‘functionalism of links’. Constitutive and evolutionary dynamics seem to be connected with the optimum combination of the system’s openness and closure and the ability to establish intersystemic communication channels, where the latter determines resilience to the change factors of the environment. And it is this constant disposition to change that enables the reproduction of the social system. JEL: Z Other special topics: (Social System Theory)
Sagittal plane analysis of the spine and pelvis in degenerative lumbar scoliosis
Authors: Han Fei , Weishi Li , Zhuoran Sun , Qingwei Ma , Zhongqiang Chen 
Published: January 2017

Background: Previous studies have reported the normative values of pelvic sagittal parameters, but no study has analyzed the sagittal spino-pelvic alignment in degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and its role in the pathogenesis. Methods: Retrospective analysis was applied to 104 patients with DLS, together with 100 cases of asymptomatic young adults as a control group and another control group consisting of 145 cases with cervical spondylosis. The coronal and sagittal parameters were measured on the anteroposterior and lateral radiograph of the whole spine in the DLS group as well as in the two control groups. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the DLS group had a higher pelvic incidence (PI) value (50.5° ± 10.2°), than the normal control group (with PI 47.2° ± 8.8°) and the cervical spondylosis group (46.9° ± 9.1°). In DLS group, there were 38 cases (36.5%) complicated with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, who had higher PI values than patients without it. Besides, the lumbar lordosis (LL) and sacral slope (SS) of DLS group were lower; the scoliosis Cobb’s angle was correlated with pelvic tilt (PT); thoracic kyphosis was correlated with LL, SS, and PT; and LL was correlated with other sagittal parameters. Conclusion: Patients with DLS may have a higher PI, which may impact the pathogenesis of DLS. A high PI value is probably associated with the high prevalence of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis among DLS patients. In DLS patients, the lumbar spine maintains the ability of regulating the sagittal balance, and the regulation depends more on thoracic curve.