bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Multimedia Education on Patients' Knowledge and Behavior on Fall Prevention
Authors: Nasiri Shamsi , Daneshvar Samira , Emami Habib , Nasiri Fatemeh , Batebi Dina , Bahrambeygi Fatemeh 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Falls are considered a serious problem among hospital events. Patients in hospitals are at risk for falls due to unfamiliar and potentially high-risk environments, weak physical conditions, and medicines that may increase fall risk.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE:
There is some evidence that patient education is an important component of multifactorial interventions for falls prevention. Given that patient education has an effective role in falls preventions at hospitals, the purpose of this study was to evaluate multimedia education for preventing falls.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A quasi-experimental design was used to investigate the effectiveness of educational materials in fall prevention program at Masih Daneshvari hospital. The study was conducted in four models of a patient education program. Patients' knowledge and skill of fall prevention in the hospital were tested on admission (pretest) and day 7 (posttest). The intervention was delivered after admission in all groups.

RESULTS:
There were 204 patients in four intervention groups and 50 patients in the control group. The comparison of the intervention groups with the control group showed that the changes in knowledge and behavior in the group that used multimedia education were significantly higher compared to traditional education.

CONCLUSION:
The findings of the present study suggest that patient education can be considered one of the main strategies to prevent falls, especially in a hospital setting. Further, the use of multimedia education simultaneously with face-to-face training has a synergistic effect and increases the effectiveness of fall prevention education programs.
Elucidating the Mechanism of Anthocyanidins in Selected Axonal Regeneration Pathways In silico
Authors: Nas John Sylvester , Del Callar Iris Kate , Mendoza Katlyn Keila , Verde Precious Dianne , Carapatan Francheska Anne , Abesamis Lana Gabrielle , Hermano Jasmine Grace , Navarette Angelica , Baldovino Jorlyn Anne 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Anthocyanidins are plant pigments known for their protective effect against inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Axonal degeneration has been a hallmark of several neurodegenerative and neuropathic illnesses.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE:
Recently, several studies have attempted to stimulate axonal regeneration by targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Nogo, and transforming growth factor (TGF) pathways.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
To illuminate an understanding of the potential of anthocyanidins to promote axon regeneration, we investigated anthocyanidins' physicochemical properties, binding affinity, and noncovalent interactions with enzymes downstream of mTOR, Nogo, and TGF beta (TGF-β) pathways that are known to inhibit axonal regeneration.

RESULTS:
We discovered that the six anthocyanidins we examined have favorable blood-brain barrier permeability and high estimated oral bioavailability. Most of the anthocyanidins exhibited the highest binding affinity with GSK3, Ret4, and TGF-βR1 in the mTOR-, Nogo-, TGF-β pathway. These compounds demonstrated a high number of hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds with the selected proteins, which may explain the high binding affinity.

CONCLUSION:
Although our findings are inconclusive due to the limitation of the in silico study, the binding affinity of anthocyanidins with these inhibitory enzymes may modulate them. However, it does not ensure axonal regrowth, necessitating additional in vivo and in vitro research.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens in Al-Shomali General Hospital, Babylon, Iraq
Authors: Alhusayni Ali Abedulameer , Obayes Al-Khikani Falah Hasan , Aljaburi Hassanin Khalil , Ali Alkareawiu Bassim Abed , Abadi Raheem Malallah 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a group of common diseases that are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. Antibiotics are often effective therapy, although antibiotic resistance is increasing. The study aimed to isolated pathogenic bacteria from UTI patients attended to Al-Shomali General Hospital and to detect the antibiotic susceptibility rate to isolated bacteria.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The bacterial identification and antibacterial susceptibility of this work were done in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Al-Shomali General Hospital for the period between March 1, 2022, and June 1, 2022. Bacteria have been diagnosed by morphology and biochemical tests as well as using some selective and differential media. The results were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 26 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

RESULTS:
A total of 124 positive urine cultures were studied that showed 101 (81.4%) females and 23 (18.5%) males. The data revealed the most predominant of uropathogen isolates were Escherichia coli (34%), Staphylococcus aureus (31%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (13%), Enterococcus spp. (11%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%), Klebsiella spp. (3%), Micrococcus spp. (2%), and Proteus mirabilis (2%). Antibiotic resistance in this study shows the most bacteria resistance for an antibiotic is P. mirabilis (81%), P. aeruginosa (76%), Enterococcus spp. (66%), S. aureus (65%), E. coli (54%), S. saprophyticus (52%), Micrococcus spp. (48%), and Klebsiella spp. (44%).

CONCLUSIONS:
In UTI infections, resistant bacteria are becoming increasingly prevalent, with a high proportion of multidrug-resistant isolates. Furthermore, the meropenem, imipenem, and amikacin seemed to be more effective against bacterial UTI infection in this setting.
The Effect of Virtual Reality Technology on Reducing Pain and Stress During Arterial Catheter Placement
Authors: Fadaizadeh Lida , Sanaat Mohammad , Taheri Seyed Mohammad Jafar , Sistani Marjan 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Different pharmacological ways for pain and stress control exists, but still, there is space for alternative therapeutic methods and researchers are looking for novel ways to achieve this goal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of virtual reality (VR) in reducing pain and stress during minor interventions such as arterial line placement.

METHODS:
In this study, patients who were candidates for arterial catheter placement before anesthesia induction were selected. Eligible patients were randomly divided into case and control groups. After obtaining consent from both groups and applying local anesthesia, the procedure was performed while displaying a film by VR camera for case group. After the procedure, pain, stress, and satisfaction levels were asked from patients. Pain score was measured by Visual Analog Scale score and during the procedure, vital signs were recorded to detect changes.

RESULTS:
The results in case and control patients showed that 47.5% of patients in case group and 22.5% of patients in control group had pain (P value = 0.019). Considering stress, respectively, 32.5% and 45% of the patients in the control and case groups reported positive (P = 0.251). Intergroup comparison of vital signs showed no significant difference between the case and control groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
According to the results, patients in case group experienced more pain and stress in comparison to the control group which shows that using the new technology was not quite acceptable. Therefore, we recommend the patients experience and be familiarized with the new device in normal condition before using it for procedures.
Scorpion Envenomations in Algeria
Authors: Selmane Schehrazad , Lhadj Mohamed 
Published: September 2024

CONTEXT:
Due to its climatic and ecological characteristics, Algeria shelters a diverse scorpion fauna and scorpion envenomations represent an actual public health issue.

AIMS:
The purpose of this retrospective study was to bring word on the trend, spatial distribution, and spatial clustering of scorpion envenomations in Algeria.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The Moran's I statistic was used to analyse the global spatial autocorrelation and the first order Queen's contiguity rule was used to specify the spatial neighborhood relationship.

RESULTS:
A total of 1,274,154 scorpion sting accidents including 2347 deaths have been recorded from 1991 to 2020. In 2019, the incidence was 116.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, and only 3 of Algeria's 48 provinces were free of scorpion sting accidents. 47% of sting cases occurred in the Sahara, 46% in the high plateaus and 7% in the Tell and all southern provinces had an incidence varying between 162 and 827 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The incidence rates exhibited spatial autocorrelation globally; all Moran index values ranged between 0.49 and 0.66 and all z-scores were greater than the critical value at 0.05 level of significance. The most significant hot spots were located in the Sahara and the high plateaus and the most significant cold spots were located in the tell.

CONCLUSIONS:
There is a need to reframe the set objectives and the actions to be carried out taking into account spatial clustering, seasonality, and species spatial distribution. A good management can be achieved by active public participation at all levels of planning, decision-making, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
Nitrofurantoin Sensitivity among Escherichia coli and Gram-Positive Cocci Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Obayes Al-Khikani Falah Hasan , Alhusayni Ali Abedulameer , Jasim Sabreen Hamdan 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:Urine samples constitute a major proportion of the samples tested in routine diagnostic laboratories. Nitrofurination used to treat urinary tract infection (UTI) for both Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Resistance to UTI is growing with time, so continuous evaluation of antibiotic is urgent.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Mid-stream urine samples were collected from patients suspected with UTI. All these samples were inoculated on culture media aerobically at 37°C for overnight. A total of 100 bacteria of bothEscherichia coliand Gram-positive cocci were diagnosed by general diagnostic bacteriological methods. Disc diffusion method used for antibiotic sensitivity test; two discs were tested, nitrofurination 300 μg and ceftazidime 30 μg. All the statistical analyses were done using SPSS 26 software and the Excel app.RESULTS:From the total of 100-positive specimens, the female was high prevalence with 72 specimens (72%), whereas males were just 28 specimens (28%) significantly (P< 0.0001). Nitrofurination was very sensitive inE. coliat 90.6% compared to G+ cocci at 33.3% (P< 0.0001). Ceftazidime showed no differences betweenE. coli28.1% and G+ cocci 27.8% (P= 0.97).CONCLUSION:Nitrofurination is effective in bothE. coliand G+ ve cocci, but it is more effective against Gram-negative bacteria(E. coli)90.6% than G+ ve cocci 33.3% significantly (P< 0.0001). There is no significant correlation between ceftazidime and nitrofurantoin (r= −0.07,P= 0.44).
In silico Characterization of Toxicophores Found in Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and its Molecular Interaction with Kidney and Liver Enzymes
Authors: B. Nas John Sylvester , Panaga Corrinnette L. , Florendo Mikaela G. , Gacutan Daves T. , V. Dator Alyanna Celine , G. Cesario Mary Ann , R. Delos Santos Rina Andrea , P. Mendez James Patrick , Jose Mariel C. , C. Tamaña Eliana Rachelle 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) is known for its various therapeutic claims. However, the abuse and misuse of herbal medicine is not uncommon. This study investigates the potential toxicophores present in lemongrass plant extract and their binding interaction with kidney and liver enzymes in silico.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Phytochemicals were identified from 74 articles from various databases. The toxic substructures, oral bioavailability, and clearance of these phytochemicals were characterized virtually. The binding affinity of these phytochemicals to different liver and kidney enzymes, namely gamma-glutamyl transferase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione synthase, renin, human alkaline phosphatase, and 1-alpha-hydroxylase, was predicted and visualized.

RESULTS:
There were twenty distinct phytochemicals present in lemongrass leaf extract identified from various research articles. Of these twenty phytochemicals, only five were determined to be both hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic despite the majority being found to have high oral bioavailability and low liver and renal clearance. Moreover, isoorientin, which has high liver and renal clearance, was the only phytochemical with a high binding affinity to the liver enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase and kidney enzyme renin. Meanwhile, the rest of the phytochemicals did not demonstrate high binding affinity to the other liver and kidney enzymes, despite having low clearance.

CONCLUSION:
Overall, these findings suggest that 13 of the phytochemicals identified may not affect the selected enzymes but may influence other liver and kidney enzymes due to their low liver and renal clearance.
Moraxella catarrhalis in People with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Moore John E. , Rendall Jacqueline C. , Millar Beverley Cherie 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
The gammaproteobacteria, Moraxella
catarrhalis (MC) is commonly isolated from respiratory specimens from people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), although its prevalence and clinical significance in cystic fibrosis (CF) remains largely unreported in international patient registries and the wider scientific literature.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to examine the time-to-first-isolation of MC and to correlate this with patient gender and CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation type.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The microbiology of respiratory specimens from 100 adult (≥18 years) PwCF was examined (50 females; 50 males; mean age 24.6 years ± 6.25 (Standard deviation [SD]) from birth to present, equating to 2455 patient-years. Time-to-first-isolation was determined and correlated with (i) CFTR mutation type and (ii) PwCF gender.

RESULTS:
MC was isolated from 27 (27/100 [27%] adult CF patients [18 female/9 males]); (i) F508del/F508del homozygous (55.6%; 15/27) and (ii) F508del/other heterozygous (37.0%; 10/27) and (iii) Other (7.4%; 2/27). The median and mean time to the first isolation of MC was 60 months and 71.8 months (SD = 66.2 months; standard error of the mean = 12.7 months), respectively; shortest time was 1 month, the longest time was 254 months. The highest rate of MC isolation was from 2 years until 10 years and by the age of 18 years, approximately 96.3% of positive patients had recorded their first MC isolate. By 21.2 years, all positive patients had recorded their first MC isolation. There was no statistical significance in the time-to-first-isolation of MC in relation to the CFTR mutation group or with patient gender.

CONCLUSIONS:
MC is commonly isolated from respiratory specimens of PwCF. This work represents an advance in biomedical science as it identifies time points in the person with CF’s disease staging, which may allow mitigating infection prevention interventions to be established, as well as vigilance to help prevent MC acquisition.
Drying Diverse Temperatures alters the Physico-Chemical and Phytochemical Properties of Moringa Flowers
Authors: Selvakumar P. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:Moringa flowers are most excellent suited for both raw and lightly cooked application such as frying or simmer. Moringa flowers are a good quality foundation of vitamin A, a nutrient that can facilitate boost the immune system and guard overall vision health. Moringa oleifera contains vital nutrients such as minerals, vitamins and phytochemicals such as tannins and flavonoids.AIMS AND OBJECTIVE:The present work aims to study the optimization and quality attributes retention in moringa flower through freeze dryer (FD) because the conventional drying process takes more time and energy which also affects the product quality and safety.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Different solvents, such as ethanol, chloroform, hexane, acetone and ethyl acetate, were used to determine the presence of phytochemicals (alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and saponins) in the moringa flower.RESULTS:From Qualitative and quantitative screenings of moringa flower, the phytochemicals were highly present in methanol and ethanol extracts. Dried moringa flower powder was prepared by using fresh moringa flower, steam blanched for 2-5 min and then sulfated at 0.1% for 10 min. After that, the dehydration process was performed at different temperatures (45, 55 and 65°C) in an FD drier. FD dried moringa flower powder at 55°C was found maximum physicochemical properties and higher retention of phytochemical with special reference to β – carotene (55.41 mg), total antioxidant (460.18 mg), flavonoids (19.34 mg/RE), phenol (234.13 mg/GAE), vitamin C (485.09 mg).CONCLUSION:According to the findings of this study, FD drying is one of the best drying techniques for preserving nutritional quality features while also being efficient and cost-effective for the entire food processing industry.
In silico screening and characterization of novel natural peptides as spike protein inhibitors of novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)
Authors: Satpathy Raghunath , Dash Namrata 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
The present work is a computational approach to discover the novel peptides that can interact and inhibit the action of spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of 193 numbers probable naturally occurring antiviral peptides were retrieved from the antimicrobial database. The three-dimensional structure of all the peptides was predicted by the Chimera tool followed by energy minimization. Similarly, the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 chain A (PDB ID 6VBY) structure was obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and used as the receptor.

RESULTS:
Protein–protein docking was performed for all the peptides followed by some screening criteria that resulted in three numbers of potential peptides such as CAP11 binds to a receptor-binding domain (RBD), mytilin B to S1/S2 cleavage regions, and mBD-1 as N-terminal-binding domain of spike protein. Further screening and evaluation of solubility and the toxic properties of the peptides it was obtained that the peptide molecules CAP11 and mytilin B are nontoxic. Further, the RBD-binding nature of CAP11 peptide was evaluated comparatively by taking the human ACE2 protein and RBD region of the wild-type SARS-CoV-2, triple mutant, South African mutant (B.1.351), by using molecular docking followed by interface analysis. It was predicted that the CAP11 peptide was able to bind perfectly with the RBD domain of both wild type and triple mutant one but not to the South African mutant.
Irisin and Atherogenic Index of Plasma Novel Markers in Diabetic Patients with and without Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Falih Israa Qusay , Isaa Maryam Qusay , Akram Raghda Shams 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:
Skeletal muscle tissue and adipose tissue cells initiate for creating and releasing semi warning protein hormones that are characteristic signals for the possibility of heart attacks, which resulted in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in the blood due to insulin resistance. The study aims to high lighting on the accompany health problems of type 2 diabetes patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Ninety males and females were shared in this study, their ages ranged from 40 to 55 years, and they were divided into three groups: 30 were type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with MS, 30 were T2DM without MS, and 30 were from the group of healthy controls. Enzymatic assays were estimated, and blood samples tests included: fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, irisin level, and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated.

RESULTS:
A highly statistically significant increase (P < 0.001) of irisin level (96.80 ± 27.05 ng/mL) was find in patients who had T2DM with MS whom have the highest body mass index and waist value, but irisin level had (67.66 ± 19.41 ng/mL) in T2DM without the MS group. While the normal value of irisin level (27.97 ± 9.29 ng/mL) had be recorded in the control group.

CONCLUSION:
Irisin secretion is related to MS problems, and the possibility of targeting this hormone as a marker, particularly in the detection of heart diseases. A high AIP value demonstrates an association between elevated irisin levels and the accelerated potential with cardiovascular disease.
Activity of Crystal Violet and Albert Stains against Escherichia coli
Authors: Al-Khikani Falah Hasan Obayes , Abdulah Hawraa Majed , Hamza Haydar Mohammed , Kareem Douaa Thameer , Hameed Duaa Ali , Husien Hawraa Hamza , Abbas Hussein Khudair , Hadi Haider Abdelali 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Escherichia
coli (E. coli) developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, making them difficult to treat with standard therapies. Hence, using alternative strategies such as dyes to treat E. coli is urgent.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

E. coli was isolated from the urinary tract by culturing urine specimens in three media (blood agar, MacConkey agar, and eosin methylene blue agar). The well diffusion method was used to evaluate the activity of crystal violet (CV) and Albert stains as well as disc diffusion method after overnight incubation for antibiotic sensitivity test of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin as control agents; the diameter of the inhibited growth is measured in millimeter. All the statistical analysis was done using SPSS 26 software.

RESULTS:
Out of the 20 participants in the study, 70% were women, while 30% were males. Both CV and gentamicin revealed 90% activity against isolates, while Albert stain reagents 1 and 2 showed 65% and 55% activity against isolated E. coli, respectively. Ciprofloxacin was sensitive in 65% of isolates. The mean of CV 19 ± 7.5 mm was more active than gentamicin 15.56 ± 6.72 mm significantly (P = 0.04). No significant differences in activity of both ciprofloxacin and CV was detected (P = 0.64).

CONCLUSIONS:
Both CV and Albert stains have antibacterial activity against E. coli that may be developed in clinical use.
Adverse Drug Reactions in Psychiatry Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Sidhu Jaspreet Kaur , Jakhar Kiran , Chopra Deepti , Dhote Aditi , Babber Vishakha , Shadman Mohammad , Tripathi C. D. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Psychiatric disorders are chronic in nature which require medications for a long duration. These medications have been associated with many adverse events. Failure to recognize an adverse drug reaction (ADR) exposes the patient to continuing risk of ADR, leading to a significant impact on patient's quality of life. Thus, the present study carried out to identify the pattern of ADRs reported due to psychotropic medication.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted to analyze ADRs reported from the psychiatry department of a tertiary care teaching hospital from October 2021 to March 2022.

Findings:
A total of 137 ADRs were identified from 102 patients. Majority of the ADRs were reported from antidepressants, with paroxetine being the leading offending drug. The central nervous system was most commonly affected, and dizziness (13.13%) was the most common ADR noted. On causality assessment, 97 ADRs (70.8%) were of “possible” type. Almost half of the patients with ADRs (47.5%) recovered spontaneously. No ADR encountered turned out to be fatal.

Conclusion:
The present study revealed that the majority of ADRs reported from psychiatry OPD were mild in nature. We reinforce the identification of ADR is crucial in the hospital setting process as it gives an insight into the risk-benefit ratio for rational use of the drug.