bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Image and Quality of Life in Adolescents with Craniofacial Conditions
Authors: Crerand Canice E. , Sarwer David B. , Kazak Anne E. , Clarke Alexandra , Rumsey Nichola 
Published: January 2016

Objective To evaluate body image in adolescents with and without craniofacial conditions and to examine relationships between body image and quality of life. Design Case-control design. Setting A pediatric hospital's craniofacial center and primary care practices. Participants Seventy adolescents with visible craniofacial conditions and a demographically matched sample of 42 adolescents without craniofacial conditions. Main Outcome Measure Adolescents completed measures of quality of life and body image including satisfaction with weight, facial and overall appearance, investment in appearance (importance of appearance to self-worth), and body image disturbance (appearance-related distress and impairment in functioning). Results Adolescents with craniofacial conditions reported lower appearance investment ( P < .001) and were more likely to report concerns about facial features ( P < .02) compared with nonaffected youth. Females in both groups reported greater investment in appearance, greater body image disturbance, and lower weight satisfaction compared with males ( P < .01). Within both groups, greater body image disturbance was associated with lower quality of life ( P < .01). The two groups did not differ significantly on measures of quality of life, body image disturbance, or satisfaction with appearance. Conclusions Body image and quality of life in adolescents with craniofacial conditions are similar to nonaffected youth. Relationships between body image and quality of life emphasize that appearance perceptions are important to adolescents’ well-being regardless of whether they have a facial disfigurement. Investment in one's appearance may explain variations in body image satisfaction and serve as an intervention target, particularly for females.
Structural Fat Grafting to Improve Reconstructive Outcomes in Secondary Cleft Lip Deformity
Authors: Jones Christine M. , Morrow Brad T. , Albright William B. , Long Ross E. , Samson Thomas D. , Mackay Donald R. 
Published: January 2016

Objective To describe the technique and results of structural fat grafting in cleft lip revision, including patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcome. Design Retrospective case series Setting Multidisciplinary cleft care center. Patients All patients who underwent structural fat grafting between June 2006 and September 2012 for cleft lip revision, with appropriate photographic follow-up included. Twenty-two cases were reviewed; 18 had sufficient data to be included. Interventions Patients underwent structural fat grafting for cleft lip revision, most commonly injecting fat under deficient philtral columns, the nostril base, and upper lip. Main Outcome Measures Blinded observers rated outcomes using the Asher-McDade nasolabial appearance rating scale. Patients completed questionnaires assessing their satisfaction. A paired Student's t-test was used to test outcomes for significance (alpha = 0.05). Results Patients were an average of 16 years old (range 6-43); average length of follow up was 11.7 months. Overall symmetry and aesthetics were improved based on the nasal form ( P = 0.006) and vermillion border (P - 0.04) when rated using the Asher-McDade scale. No complications were recorded. Patients were significantly happier with their appearance after fat grafting (P < 0.001) and were uniformly positive when questioned about the ease of the surgery and rate of recovery. Conclusions Structural fat grafting is a safe and effective way to improve symmetry and enhance facial proportions in patients with cleft lip. Given the high degree of patient satisfaction, few complications, and durable results, fat grafting offers many advantages in cleft lip revision.
National Estimates of and Risk Factors for Inpatient Revision Surgeries for Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Thompson Jeffrey A. , Heaton Pamela C. , Kelton Christina M.L. , Sitzman Thomas J. 
Published: January 2016

Objective To provide national estimates of the number and cost of primary and revision cleft lip and palate surgeries in the U.S. and to determine patient and hospital characteristics associated with disproportionate use of revision surgery. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study using data obtained from the 2003, 2006, and 2009 Kids’ Inpatient Database. Setting Inpatient. Patients Children with CL, CP, or CLP undergoing inpatient cleft lip and/or palate surgery. Interventions Inpatient cleft lip and/or palate surgery. Main Outcome Measures Orofacial cleft surgery estimates, estimates of primary versus revision surgeries, and estimated inflation-adjusted hospitalization costs. Results In 2009, there were a total of 2824 and 5431 hospitalizations for cleft lip and palate surgeries, respectively. Revision surgery accounted for 24.2% of cleft lip surgeries and 36.8% of cleft palate surgeries. Children with CLP (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.48-2.38), a syndromic diagnosis (OR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.16-1.87), or private insurance (OR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.41-2.09) were more likely to undergo cleft lip revision surgery. Similar risk factors were found for children undergoing cleft palate revision. Mean cost per hospitalization ranged from $7564 to $8393 in 2009, depending on surgery type, and did not change significantly (in 2009 U.S. $) between 2003 and 2009. Conclusions Interventions to reduce revision surgery by improving results of primary surgery should be targeted in the population of identified high-risk (e.g., syndromic) patients. In addition, the association of health insurance status with revision surgery highlights the need to understand and address the impact of economic disparities on cleft care delivery.
Fetal Development of Human Oral Epithelial Pearls with Special Reference to Their Stage-Dependent Changes in Distribution
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Jin Zhe Wu , Shibata Shunichi , Yang Jae Do , Murakami Gen , Rodríguez-Vázquez José Francisco , Cho Baik Hwan 
Published: January 2016

Objective To access detailed distribution and age-dependent changes of oral epithelial pearls. Design Investigation and analysis with human fetal serial sections. Setting Institute of Embryology. Methods This study examined serial frontal sections of the upper and lower jaws of 19 human fetuses at 12 to 18 weeks and of the lower jaws of four late-stage fetuses. Results The upper jaw contained more than 20 midline and more than 60 lateral pearls greater than 20 μm in diameter, whereas the lower jaw contained fewer than 30 pearls of the same size. Midline pearls in the upper jaw were often cylindrical or rugby-ball shaped, whereas all pearls in the lower jaw were small and spherical. Epithelial pearls in the upper jaw started developing along the upper midline until 12 weeks; lateral pearls and additional midline pearls (or strictly, paramedian pearls) developed until 15 weeks. In the lower jaw, however, pearl development started at 18 weeks and was almost always from the dental lamina. Some of the fetuses assessed had an open nasopalatine canal without a duct, but there was no fibrous connection between this canal and pearls. Similarly, the lip frenulum or incisive suture was not connected with these pearls. Conclusion The timing and sequence of development suggest that postfusion rupture of the palate by midline pearls was unlikely.
Knotweed Management Strategies in North America with the Advent of Widespread Hybrid Bohemian Knotweed, Regional Differences, and the Potential for Biocontrol Via the PsyllidAphalara itadoriShinji
Authors: Clements David R. , Larsen Todd , Grenz Jennifer 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInvasive species with distributions that encompass much of the North American environment often demand a range of management approaches, for several key reasons. Firstly, the North American environment includes a large number of highly variable habitats in terms of climatic, edaphic, and landscape features. Secondly, these regional habitat differences are accentuated by jurisdictions within Canada and the United States, whereby approaches and available resources differ at local, regional, and national scales. Another important consideration is whether an invasive species or complex also possesses genetic variation. All three of these factors render the knotweed complex in North America a highly variable target for management. In this paper we review existing knowledge of the variable nature of knotweed species (Fallopia japonica(Houtt.) Ronse Decr.,Fallopia sachalinensis(F. Schmidt ex Maxim) Ronse Decr., andFallopia×bohemica, (Chrtek and Chrtková) J. P. Bailey in North America, and evaluate how herbicidal, mechanical and biological control measures must account for this genetic variation, as well as accounting for regional differences and the potential northward expansion of knotweed under climate change. The imminent release of the psyllid,Aphalara itadoriShinji as a biological control agent in North America must also navigate regional and genetic differences. Prior European experience dealing with the three knotweed species should prove useful, but additional research is needed to meet the emerging challenge posed byF.×bohemicain North America, including the possibility of glyphosate resistance. Managers also face challenges associated with posttreatment restoration measures. Furthermore, disparities in resources available to address knotweed management across the continent need to be addressed to contain the rapid spread of this highly persistent and adaptable species. Linking practitioners dealing with knotweed “on the ground” with academic research is a crucial step in the process of marshalling all available resources to reduce the rapidly spreading populations of knotweed.
The Femoral Prosthesis Fracture Analysis around Femur after Hip Replacement
Authors: Xu Yuehao 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To<strong> </strong>investigate the clinical effects of patients with femoral prosthesis fracture phenomena after the application of locking plate fixation for hip replacement surgery. <strong>Method: </strong>78 cases of postoperative patients with periprosthetic femoral fracture phenomenon after hip replacement were selected and divided randomly into a control and treatment group, respectively, with an average of 39 cases per group. The control group was treated with the shape memory alloy inner ring fixing technology whereas the locking plate fixation was applied for the treatment group. <strong>Result:</strong> Fracture treatment around the femoral prosthesis in patients of treated group was better in comparison to the control group. Significantly, the treatment group revealed shorter duration of hospitalization, the recovery of limb weight-bearing capacity and the healing process as compared to the control group. Harris scores were significantly higher in the treated group in contrast to the control group. Additionally, lower adverse reaction rate was found in the treatment group as compared to the control group. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Obviously, patient who have femoral periprosthetic fracture phenomena after receiving hip replacement were likelihood to be treated with the locking plate fixation technique.</p>
Clinical Control and Study of Bleeding after Tooth Extraction
Authors: Li Hua 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To explore the clinical prevention and treatment of hemorrhage after tooth extraction. <strong>Method:</strong> Between March 2013 and April 2014, 352 patients in our hospital experiencing hemorrhage after tooth extraction were observedwith the clinical data retrospectively analyzed and the causes of bleeding summarized. A specific control scheme was developed. 148 patients were selected from July 2014 to August 2015 in our hospital for tooth extractions. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, the observation group and the control group, consisted of 74 patients in each group. The control group was treated with routine extraction methods and the observation group was treated with new extraction methods. <strong>Results:</strong> There were 3 cases of tooth extraction hemorrhage in the observation group accounting for 4.1%, including alveolar hemorrhage in 1 case, granulation or foreign body hemorrhage in 2 cases;with all cases of haemorrhage within 12 h of extraction. In the control group, there were18 hemorrhage cases, accounting for 24.3%, including alveolar hemorrhage in 4 cases,bleeding gums in 3 cases, granulation or foreign body hemorrhage in 5 cases and othercauses of bleeding in 6 cases; with all cases of haemorrhage within 24 h of extraction.Satisfaction survey results showed that the satisfaction of the observation group was 4,higher than the control group by 98.6%.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> After tooth extraction, the effectsof bleeding and treatment were notable, and thus this approach can be further promoted.</p>
The Application and Practice of Humanistic Care in the Emergency Department
Authors: Fu Yuehuan 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To study the application of humanized nursing in the emergency room, hence seek more suitable care model for emergency nursing. <strong>Methods:</strong> By reviewing the 521 patients visited to the hospital emergency department in April 2013 to May 2014, the patients were divided into control group and experimental group in accordance with the principle of voluntary and the principle of random. The control group has a total of 260 patients with normal nursing model. The experimental group has a total of 261 patients with the humanized nursing mode. Patients satisfaction degree was investigated after the nursing care. <strong>Results:</strong> The satisfaction questionnaire Results show that the satisfaction degree of experimental group patients was significantly higher than the control group patients (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Humanistic nursing can effectively improve the emergency department patients satisfaction degree, help to improve the quality of service, and has value for clinical promotion.</p>
Discussion on Application of Humanized Nursing Care in the Respiratory Department
Authors: Wang Yongqin 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore humanized nursing care in the Respiratory Department. <strong>Method: </strong>Humanized nursing is offered to 143 patients who have been cured in the Respiratory Department of one hospital from January 2015 to May 2015, comprising 67 males and 76 females with age from 51 to 72. <strong>Result:</strong> The above humanized nursing has obvious effects on 143 patients (100%), has effect on 141 patients (98.6%) and no effects on two patients (1.40%) with the overall effective rate of 98.60%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Humanized nursing has good implementation effects in the Respiratory Department, improves life quality and satisfaction degree in nursing, so it is worth promoting clinically.</p><div><div><p> </p></div></div>
Progress on the Modern Nursing of Pneumonia Pathogenic Bacteria of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia
Authors: Li Yanping 
Published: January 2016

<p>The mortality of newborns due to pulmonary infection remains high, which raises a problem for modern nursing management. With the emerging and gradual maturity of the newborn major, the wide application of ventilator for newborns in the intensive care unit (ICU) becomes the important factor in the successful salvage of high-risk newborns. This has presented a problem, however, due to misoperation and other factors. This paper starts from the angles of diagnosis criteria and morbidity of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia (VAP) to analyse the pathogenic bacteria of VAP and the progress, to provide some thoughts for the development trend of modern nursing of VAP. </p>
Research on Urban Branch Road System Construction under the Perspective of Eco-friendly Traffic
Authors: Luo Jiajia , Ji Linqiang , Wang Jinhe 
Published: January 2016

<p>With constant development of urbanization, urban traffic has become the most urgent problem in the contemporary metropolis. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend to positively improve the human-oriented sustainable urban eco-friendly traffic system. The urban branch road constitutes a part of urban road that will be mostly neglected while it plays a positive supportive role to the eco-friendly traffic. This article makes a contrast and analysis to the coordinated relationship between branch road network and eco-friendly traffic in same areas of Germany and Dalian City and concludes the branch road network’s assurance role to the eco-friendly traffic, points out deficiency of branch road network and low density in China. The development of eco-friendly traffic, raises a series of improvement measures to the urban branch road system.</p><p> </p>
Difficulties and Countermeasures on Fire Protection Design of Large Commercial Building
Authors: Han Wuyi 
Published: January 2016

<p>Large commercial building has gradually become the main trend in commercial buildings recently. In current national fire protection design specification, the lacking of targeted measures for the fire protection design on such building will bring obsession to building designers during the specific engineering design, and it can easily lead to non-compliance with national specification. Therefore, we propose relevant state departments to publish state technical standard on fire control against fire protection design of large commercial building. Based on the collected information, data and conducted experiments, standardize the fire protection design of such buildings, will effectively avoiding formation of major fire potential. </p>
The intensity of negative emotions in pregnant women during hospitalization
Authors: Lewicka Magdalena , Wójcik Małgorzata , Sulima Magdalena , Makara-Studzińska Marta 
Published: January 2016

WstępWystępowanie lęku i depresji u kobiet z ciążą o przebiegu fizjologicznym ma związek ze zmianami w trzech obszarach: biologicznym, psychicznym i społecznym. Komplikacje w przebiegu ciąży oraz konieczność hospitalizacji dodatkowo potęgują nasilenie negatywnych emocji u ciężarnych, dlatego ważne jest, aby podczas hospitalizacji, identyfikować pacjentki z objawami lęku, stresu lub depresji oraz wskazać czynniki, które mogą wpływać na wystąpienie negatywnych emocji.Materiał i metodyBadania analizy nasilenia negatywnych emocji przeprowadzono wśród 305 ciężarnych hospitalizowanych. Narzędziem badawczym był samodzielnie opracowany kwestionariusz ankiety do oceny charakterystyki badanych ciężarnych oraz Skala Depresji, Lęku i Stresu (DASS – Depression Anxiety Stress Scale). Uzyskane wyniki badań poddano analizie statystycznej.WynikiŚrednia wartość poziomu stresu w badanej grupie według skali DASS wynosiła 12,15 ± 8,15 pkt, depresji 6,63 ± 6,62 pkt, a lęku 8,54 ± 6,26 pkt. Nie stwierdzono istotnie statystycznej zależności między nasileniem stresu i depresji a sytuacją położniczą badanych ciężarnych.WnioskiW badanej grupie kobiet nie stwierdzono zaburzeń depresyjnych, natomiast stwierdzono, że ciężarne hospitalizowane cechuje łagodne nasilenie lęku. Sytuacja położnicza nie warunkuje nasilenia negatywnych emocji wśród pacjentek z ciążą wysokiego ryzyka. Istotny wpływ na nasilenie lęku ma jedynie fakt planowania ciąży lub nie. Kobiety, które nie planują ciąży, mają istotnie wyższy poziom lęku aniżeli ciężarne, dla których obecna ciąża jest planowana. Personel medyczny powinien identyfikować ciężarne w trakcie hospitalizacji, u których występuje podwyższony poziom lęku w celu wdrożenia działań psychoprofilaktycznych. Okazanie pacjentkom troski i udzielenie wsparcia, zwłaszcza emocjonalnego, może prowadzić do zminimalizowania negatywnych emocji i zwiększenia skuteczności leczenia.
Financial Reporting Quality of Chinese Reverse Merger Firms: The Reverse Merger Effect or the Weak Country Effect?
Authors: Chen Kun-Chih , Cheng Qiang , Lin Ying Chou , Lin Yu-Chen , Xiao Xing 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we examine why Chinese reverse merger (RM) firms have lower financial reporting quality than U.S. IPO firms. We find that the financial reporting quality of U.S. RM firms is similar to that of matched U.S. IPO firms, but Chinese RM firms exhibit lower financial reporting quality than Chinese ADR firms. We also find that Chinese RM firms exhibit lower financial reporting quality than U.S. RM firms. These results indicate that the use of the RM process is associated with poor financial reporting quality only in firms from China, where legal enforcement and investor protection are weak. In addition, we find that compared with Chinese ADR firms, Chinese RM firms have weaker bonding incentives (as measured by CEO turnover-performance sensitivity) and poorer corporate governance. These factors, in turn, contribute to the lower financial reporting quality of Chinese RM firms. Overall, our results suggest that the less scrutinized RM process allows the Chinese firms with weak bonding incentives and poor governance to gain access to U.S. capital markets, resulting in poor financial reporting quality.
JEL Classifications: G15; G24; G34; G38.
International Archival Auditing and Assurance Research: Trends, Methodological Issues, and Opportunities
Authors: Simnett Roger , Carson Elizabeth , Vanstraelen Ann 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARY
We present a comprehensive review of the 130 international archival auditing and assurance research articles that were published in eight leading accounting and auditing journals for 1995–2014. In order to support evidence-based international standard setting and regulation, and to identify what has been learned to date, we map this research to the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board's (IAASB) Framework for Audit Quality. For the areas that have been well researched, we provide a summary of the findings and outline how they can inform standard setters and regulators. We also observe a significant evolution in international archival research over the 20 years of our study, as evidenced by the measures of audit quality, data sources used, and approaches used to address endogeneity concerns. Finally, we identify some challenges in undertaking international archival auditing and assurance research and identify opportunities for future research. Our review is of interest to researchers, practitioners, and standard setters/regulators involved in international auditing and assurance activities.