bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Outcomes in Patients Receiving Lung Transplant
Authors: Amubieya Olawale , Weigt Sam , Shino Michael Y. , Jackson Nicholas J. , Belperio John , Ong Michael K. , Norris Keith 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceElevated ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution exposure has been associated with poor health outcomes across several domains, but its associated outcomes among lung transplant recipients are poorly understood.ObjectiveTo investigate whether greater PM2.5 exposure at the zip code of residence is associated with a higher hazard for mortality and graft failure in patients with lung transplants.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used panel data provided by the United Network for Organ Sharing, which includes patients receiving transplants across all active US lung transplant programs. Adult patients who received lung transplants between May 2005 and December 2016 were included, with a last follow-up of September 10, 2020. Data were analyzed from September 2022 to May 2023.ExposureZip code–level annual PM2.5 exposure was constructed using previously published North American estimates.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was time to death or lung allograft failure after lung transplant. A gamma shared frailty Cox proportional hazards model was used to produce unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) to estimate the association of zip code PM2.5 exposure at the time of transplant with graft failure or mortality.ResultsAmong 18 265 lung transplant recipients (mean [SD] age, 55.3 [13.2] years; 7328 female [40.2%]), the resident zip code’s annual PM2.5 exposure level was greater than or equal to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard of 12μg/m3 for 1790 patients (9.8%) and less than the standard for 16 475 patients (90.2%). In unadjusted analysis, median graft survival was 4.87 years (95% CI, 4.57-5.23 years) for recipients living in high PM2.5 areas and 5.84 years (95% CI, 5.71-5.96 years) for recipients in the low PM2.5 group. Having an annual PM2.5 exposure level greater than or equal to the EPA standard 12 μg/m3 was associated with an increase in the hazard of death or graft failure (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.18; P &amp;lt; .001) in the unadjusted analysis and after adjusting for covariates (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.15; P = .02). Each 1 μg/m3 increase in exposure was associated with an increase in the hazard of death or graft failure (adjusted HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02; P = .004) when treating PM2.5 exposure as a continuous variable.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, elevated zip code–level ambient PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased hazard of death or graft failure in lung transplant recipients. Further study is needed to better understand this association, which may help guide risk modification strategies at individual and population levels.
Handheld Cellphone Use and Risky Driving in Adolescents
Authors: McDonald Catherine C. , Rix Kevin , Ebert Jeffrey P. , Aryal Subhash , Xiong Ruiying , Wiebe Douglas J. , Delgado M. Kit 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceHandheld cellphone use while driving is associated with increased motor vehicle crash risk among adolescents.ObjectiveTo examine the association of handheld cellphone use while driving with kinematic risky driving (KRD) events—hard braking and rapid acceleration—in adolescent drivers.Design, Setting, ParticipantsAdolescents aged 16.50 to 17.99 years licensed 365 days or less in Pennsylvania were eligible to participate in this cross-sectional study. Enrollment occurred from July 29, 2021, to June 6, 2022. Participants downloaded a smartphone telematics cellphone app to record driving data for 60 days.ExposuresTrip characteristics, including frequency, length, and duration; presence of speeding; frequency and duration of handheld cellphone use; time of day; and presence of precipitation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresKinematic risky driving events per 100 miles driven. Zero-inflated Poisson regression models examined whether individual characteristics and trip characteristics were associated with KRD. Incidence rate ratios were computed.ResultsOf 405 adolescents who responded to recruitment, 151 enrolled, 140 completed study procedures, and 119 with 12 360 trips were included in the analytic sample (60 female participants [50.4%]; mean [SD] age, 17.2 [0.4] years). Adolescents drove a mean (SD) of 103.8 (65.7) trips, 565.0 (487.3) miles, and 25.1 (19.3) hours. Adolescents had minimal night trips (1.5% [192]), and few trips with precipitation present (9.0% [1097]). Speeding occurred in 43.9% (5428) of the trips and handheld cellphone use occurred in 34.1% (4214) of the trips. Kinematic risky driving events occurred in 10.9% (1358) of the trips at a rate of 2.65 per 100 miles. In adjusted models, increased KRD events were associated with handheld cellphone use (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.62; 95% CI, 1.53-4.48), speeding (IRR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.06-4.26), and minutes driving (IRR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.02). Trips at night, precipitation presence, licensure for less than 6 months, and sex were not associated with increased KRD events.ConclusionsIn this cross-sectional study of adolescent drivers, trips with handheld cellphone use and speeding were associated with higher rates of KRD, while individual characteristics were not. The findings suggest that smartphone telematics apps provide an opportunity to observe behaviors as well as surveil changes due to intervention efforts.
Virus‐Assembled Biofunctional Microarrays with Hierarchical 3D Nano‐Reticular Network
Authors: Tian Lei , Khan Shadman , Shakeri Amid , Jackson Kyle , Saif Ahmed T. , Bayat Fereshteh , He Leon , Gu Jimmy , Li Yingfu , Didar Tohid F. , Hosseinidoust Zeinab 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical wrinkled materials built with biological entities have so far remained exclusive to nature. Herein, multiscale functional ultraporous 3D bio‐networks of bioprinted phage‐built wrinkled microarrays are created through establishing a universal heat‐ and solvent‐independent substrate‐shrinkage method induced by high‐pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD). This method results in diverse wrinkled patterns on soft materials and is particularly powerful for solvent‐ and heat‐sensitive biomaterials, for which other methods have failed. The phage nanofilaments (7 nm width) self‐assemble into orderly‐aligned submicron bundles (100 nm width), which crimp into tunable microscale wrinkles (0.7–5.0 µm width) on size‐controllable micro‐arrays (200–600 µm width) exhibiting a four‐level hierarchical nano‐reticular structure. The HPCD method also protects the bioactivity of biorecognition molecules loaded into the microarrays, leading to the design of bacteria‐sensing chips, made with in‐house deoxyribozyme‐loaded 3D phage microarrays. The developed bacteria‐sensing chips achieve a limit of detection that is 100 × more sensitive with greater reproducibility compared to two‐dimensional (2D) microdot arrays and correctly identify Legionella pneumophila in contaminated water samples collected from industrial cooling towers, highlighting phage‐built wrinkled networks as a platform for bottom‐up assembly of biological building blocks into biofunctional material.
Hybrid Antibacterial Surfaces: Combining Laser‐Induced Periodic Surface Structures with Polydopamine‐Chitosan‐Silver Nanoparticle Nanocomposite Coating
Authors: Wang Yimeng , Dong Yuhang , Quan Yuhua , Wackerow Stefan , Abdolvand Amin , Zolotovskaya Svetlana A. , Zhao Qi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBacterial biofilm‐associated infections are a persistent and growing problem, further exacerbated by the rapid development of antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains. Antibacterial surfaces hold great potential for controlling the survival, growth, and transmission of bacterial pathogens. This study demonstrates the synergetic integration of laser‐assisted topographical surface modification with coating solutions to simultaneously engage both chemical and nano‐/micro‐topography‐sensitive bacterial attachment mechanisms. The developed mechano‐chemo bactericidal surface combines laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on titanium (Ti) with a polydopamine‐chitosan‐silver nanoparticles (PCA) composite coating. The antibacterial performance of this hybrid surface against Gram‐negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) exceeds the benchmark performance achieved by either surface modification approach alone. The hybrid surface demonstrates superior resistance to biofilm formation, offering a viable route for large‐scale production of antimicrobial surfaces with enhanced functionality and superior long‐term performance.
Functionalization of cellulose pentamine as a promising nano‐amorphous sorbent for Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) ions recovery
Authors: Mubark Amal E. , Falila Nagwa I. , Mohamed Basma T. , Salem Hend M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to the rising worldwide need for commercial zirconium and hafnium metals, various research studies have been conducted to investigate their extraction from ores and recovery from other waste products. By chorinating cellulose and then aminating it with tetraethylene pentamine, a cellulose‐tetraethylene pentamine (Cell‐TEPA) nanosorbent was synthesized, which resulted in active groups responsible for binding processes with the appropriate metal ions using a straightforward approach. The composition, chemical characteristics, and physical attributes of the Cell‐TEPA nanosorbent were comprehensively examined using a range of equipment, such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM–EDX), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). When bound to the Cell‐TEPA nanosorbent, Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) exhibited the highest absorption capacities of 70.4 and 38.2 mg/g, respectively. The most favourable sorption conditions were achieved with a feed solution pH of 1.5, a stirring period of 45 min, a metal ion concentration of 100 mg/L, and room temperature (25 ± 2°C). The adsorption data were consistent with both the Langmuir isothermal model and the pseudo‐2nd‐order reaction model. The Cell‐TEPA nanosorbent effectively extracted zirconium and hafnium ions from leach liquors derived from Wadi Rahba ore sample and Abu Khashaba concentrate sample, demonstrating their potential for future applications.
Bioinformatics analysis of G protein subunit gamma transduction protein 2‐autophagy axis in CD11b+ dendritic cells as a potential regulator to skew airway neutrophilic inflammation in asthma endotypes
Authors: Ji Xiaoying , Zhou Yaoliang , He Shendong , Chen Hongda , Zhang Xianming , Chen Zhifeng , Cai Jinwen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease with two main clinical endotypes: type 2 (T2) high and low asthma. The plasticity and autophagy in dendritic cells (DCs) influence T helper (Th)2 or Th17 differentiation to regulate asthma endotypes. Enhanced autophagy in DCs fosters Th2 differentiation in allergic environments, while reduced autophagy favors Th17 cell differentiation in sensitized and infected environments. Autophagy regulation in DCs involves interaction with various pathways like G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), or phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathway. However, specific molecules within DCs influencing asthma endotypes remain unclear.MethodsGene expression data series (GSE) 64896, 6858, 2276, and 55247 were obtained from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CD103+ and CD11b+ DCs after induction by ovalbumin (OVA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were analyzed using GEO2R. DEGs were examined through Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analyses. The hub gene network was construct with STRING database and Cytoscape. Autophagy differences in DCs and the selected hub gene in GSE6858, GSE2276, and GSE55247 were evaluated using student t tests.ResultsOur analysis identified 635 upregulated and 360 downregulated genes in CD11b+ DCs, compared to CD103+ DCs. These DEGs were associated with “PI3K‐AKT signaling pathway,” “Ras signaling pathway,” and so forth. Thirty‐five hub genes were identified, in which G protein subunit gamma transduction protein 2 (Gngt2) in CD11b+ DCs exhibited a relatively specific increase in expression associated with autophagy defects under the induction environment similar to T2 low asthma model. No significant difference was found in lung Gngt2 expression between T2 high asthma model and control group.ConclusionOur analysis suggested Gngt2 acted as an adapter molecule that inhibited autophagy, promoting Th17‐mediated airway inflammation via the GPCR pathway in a T2 low asthma mice model. Targeting this pathway provides new asthma treatment strategies in preclinical research.
EMP1 knockdown mitigated high glucose‐induced pyroptosis and oxidative stress in rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Han Ying , Gong Jin , Pan Min , Fang Zhoufei , Ou Xiaowen , Cai Wenqin , Peng Xiane 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of EMP1 action in high glucose (HG)‐induced H9c2 cardiac cell pyroptosis and oxidative injury. Rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 were exposed to 33 mM glucose for 24, 48, or 72 h to induce cytotoxicity. EMP1‐siRNA, NLRP3 agonist Nigericin, and pcNDA‐RAS were used to treat H9c2 cells under HG conditions. Cell Counting Kit (CCK)‐8 assay showed that cell proliferation was decreased following HG induction, which was rescued by EMP1 knockdown. Our results also suggested that EMP1 siRNA transfection significantly decreased the apoptosis and pyroptosis of HG‐induced cells, as indicated by the reduction of NLRP3 IL‐1β, ASC, GSDMD, cleaved‐caspase1 and cleaved‐caspase3 levels in HG‐induced H9c2 cells. In addition, EMP1 knockdown alleviated HG‐induced mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. NLRP3 activation reversed the inhibitory effects of EMP1 knockdown on pyroptosis and oxidative stress in HG‐induced H9c2 cells. Mechanistically, we found that EMP1 knockdown suppressed the RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling pathway in HG‐induced H9c2 cells. RAS overexpression blocked the protective effect of EMP1 knockdown on HG‐induced H9c2 cell apoptosis, pyroptosis, and oxidative injury. Our findings suggest that EMP1 knockdown treatment might provide a novel therapy for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
miR‐195‐5p inhibits cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by regulating DNA damage via targeting E2F7
Authors: Wu Huanghui , Zheng Biaolong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) emerges as one of the most lethal malignant tumors worldwide. Platinum‐based combination chemotherapy remains one of the main methods for patients with advanced LUAD. Due to the resistance, the effect of this chemotherapy was not satisfactory. Therefore, studying the mechanism of cisplatin (DDP) resistance is essential for promoting the effect of this therapeutic strategy. Therefore, this work sought to probe the impact of E2F Transcription Factor 7 (E2F7) on LUAD resistance and the molecular regulatory mechanism. The mRNA expression level of the target gene E2F7 in LUAD was predicted by bioinformatics analysis, and regulatory miRNA upstream of the target gene was identified. The mRNA and protein expression of E2F7 in LUAD cells was detected through quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot, respectively. The expression of miR‐195‐5p in LUAD cells was measured via qRT‐PCR. E2F7 high and low expression groups underwent enrichment analysis by utilizing Gene Set Enrichment Analysis software. The targeting relationship of miR‐195‐5p and E2F7 was validated by conducting a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. The cell viability was tested through cell counting kit‐8. The cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry. DNA damage level was determined via Comet assay and Western blot assay. The findings indicated that the mRNA and protein levels of E2F7 were high in LUAD. MiR‐195‐5p was the regulatory miRNA upstream of E2F7, and lowly expressed in LUAD. The cell experiments suggested that E2F7 advanced the DDP resistance of LUAD cells by repressing DNA damage. Finally, the rescue assay manifested that miR‐195‐5p overexpression could abate inhibition of E2F7 overexpression on the DNA damage and the DDP sensitivity of LUAD cells. MiR‐195‐5p raised the DDP sensitivity of LUAD cells by advancing the DNA damage in LUAD cells via inhibition of E2F7.
Exposure‐Efficacy Analysis and Dopamine D2 Receptor Occupancy in Adults with Schizophrenia after Treatment with the Monthly Intramuscular Injectable Risperidone ISM
Authors: Lindauer Andreas , Snoeck Eric , Laveille Christian , Ayani Ignacio , de Monasterioguren Lourdes Ochoa Díaz , Almendros Marcos , Martínez‐González Javier , Anta Lourdes , Gutierro Ibón 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDopamine D2 receptor occupancy (D2RO) significantly influences the clinical effectiveness and safety of many antipsychotic drugs. Maintaining a D2RO range of 65%–80% provides the best antipsychotic effects while minimizing adverse reactions. Data from a Phase III trial were used to establish an exposure–response relationship for monthly intramuscular Risperidone ISM (75 and 100 mg) or placebo administered to adults with schizophrenia. Pharmacodynamic analysis was based on an Emax model for Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) developed in NONMEM. Plasma concentrations of the active moiety were derived using a previously developed population pharmacokinetic model, which was used for D2RO simulations in conjunction with a published Emax model. The optimal D2RO range (65%–80%) was reached for the median within hours following the first injection of both Risperidone ISM doses. At steady state, median D2RO for both doses remained above 65% throughout the 28‐day dosing period and demonstrated lower variability than oral risperidone. PANSS response did not differ significantly between dose groups, most likely because active moiety concentrations had already reached the plateau of the concentration–response relationship. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis showed a profound placebo effect (−11.7%), and an additional maximal drug effect (−6.6%) resulting in a total PANSS improvement over time of −18.3%. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling quantified a PANSS improvement over time after Risperidone ISM administration. The response was not significantly different in either dose group, likely because D2RO was already above the proposed efficacy threshold (65%) within 1 h after the first Risperidone ISM injection and remained above this level following repeated administrations.
In‐situ fabrication of poly‐l‐lactide & its application as a glass fiber polymer composites using resin transfer molding
Authors: Kim Seon‐Ju , Pandey Kalpana , Poddar Deepak , Yoo Hyeong Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA detailed investigation was employed on the manufacturing process of Glass Fiber (GF) reinforced poly‐L‐lactide (PLLA) composites (GFRP) during in‐situ PLLA polymerization using Resin Transfer Molding (RTM). The lower viscosity of lactide, in comparison to PLLA, led to a strong interaction between PLLA and GF as a result of improved penetration into the fiber matrix, resulting in a high conversion rate of 100% for GFRP and 91.9% for PLLA. GF incorporation into the composite material resulted in an improved crystallinity of 55.65% for GFRP, where PLLA showed crystallinity of 36.5%. A GFRP composite with exceptional mechanical properties, including 122.3 MPa tensile strength and 4.485 GPa modulus, was achieved. Both surface and bulk erosion were seen during the breakdown of these composites. These composites seem to be a viable substitute for metallic implants in biological applications.Highlights
In situ, resin transfer molding of poly‐l‐lactide and GF composite.
Higher volume fraction such as 40% w/v loading of GF into composites.
1% conversion of GFRP is achieved.
GFRP shows the machinal strength of 122 MPa and harness of 4.2 GPa.
Biocompatibility of GFRP composites in body stimulated conditions.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children prenatally exposed to opioid maintenance treatment: A population‐based study
Authors: Hasan Mennatullah , Meador Kimford J. , Brothers Todd N. , Wang Shuang , Lewkowitz Adam K. , Ward Kristina E. , Slaughter Jonathan L. , Zhang Yichi , Wen Xuerong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOpioid maintenance treatment (OMT), with methadone or buprenorphine, is a key approach for managing opioid use disorder (OUD) during pregnancy. Despite buprenorphine's superior short‐term outcomes, its long‐term effects remain understudied. This study aims to evaluate the effects of prenatal OMT exposure on the incidence of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) considering timing effect.MethodsA retrospective cohort study using Rhode Island Medicaid data linked to vital statistics from 2008 to 2018 was conducted. The study included pregnancies having live birth from 2008 to 2016 with continuous Medicaid insurance and OUD diagnosis within 3 months preceding conception until delivery. At least one buprenorphine dispensing or a claim of methadone was required for exposure definition. Exposure was evaluated during early (0–90 days) or late (>90 days) gestation, or at any pregnancy phase. NDDs, including autism, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disabilities, speech/language disorders, developmental coordination disorder, intellectual disability, and behavioral disorders, were identified using validated algorithms. Applying Cox proportional‐hazard models with propensity score overlap weighting, adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were calculated, mitigating potential confounders. Children were followed up from birth until NDD diagnosis, disenrollment, or study end.ResultsOf 416 mother–child dyads with OUD, 40% used methadone and 20% had buprenorphine exposure during pregnancy. NDDs were observed in 36% of children with early methadone exposure compared to 17% in the early buprenorphine exposed group (aHR: 2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42–5.35). Further comparison to late buprenorphine exposure, late methadone exposure was associated with higher NDD risk (aHR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.09–3.86). Compared to unexposed group, children exposed to methadone during early and late periods showed higher NDD incidences (aHR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.51–3.60 and aHR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.54–3.80, respectively).DiscussionThe study suggests that buprenorphine is a good treatment option for OUD during pregnancy due to minimal long‐term neurodevelopmental impacts on children. However, further extensive research is necessary to rule‐out potential confounding.
Empowering the next‐generation climate scientists: insights from the 2023 Forecasters' WEB exchange program/hackathon at KNUST, Ghana
Authors: Aryee J. N. A. , Mensah C. , Ayitah D. E. , Adjei A. D. , Forson K. P. , Tanko A. A. , Asenso S. , Nketsiah D. , Okofo Dartey E. , Prempeh N. A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Forecasters’ WEB of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology and University of Energy and Natural Resources collaborated on a pioneering exchange program/hackathon to address climate change challenges. Aimed at educating students, the program covered forecasting techniques, scientific programming and featured mentor sessions. Participants analysed historical climate change in Africa, revealing temperature increases and no clear precipitation patterns. The program showcased successful outcomes, emphasizing the importance of skill development and collaboration. The paper highlights the program strengths, limitations and outcomes, emphasizing its role in cultivating next generation of climate scientists.