bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blue-Light Transmittance of Esthetic Monolithic CAD/CAM Materials With Respect to Their Composition, Thickness, and Curing Conditions
Authors: Stawarczyk B , Awad D , Ilie N 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARY
Determining the amount of blue light (360-540nm) passing through nine monolithic computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials depends on material thickness, initial irradiance, and the distance between the curing unit and the specimen's surface. A total of 180 specimens of two thicknesses (1 mm and 2 mm, n=10/subgroup) were fabricated from TelioCAD, VITA CAD-Temp (VCT), experimental nanocomposite, LAVA Ultimate (LU), VITA ENAMIC (VE), VITA MarkII (VM), IPS EmpressCAD (IEC), IPS e.maxCAD (IEM), and CELTRA DUO (CD). The irradiance passing through the CAD/CAM materials and thicknesses was measured using a light-emitting-diode curing unit with standard-power, high-power, and plasma modes by means of a USB4000 spectrometer. The curing unit was placed directly on the specimen's surface at 2- and 4-mm distances from the specimen's surface. Data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis and one-way analysis of variance with the post hoc Scheffé test (p&lt;0.05). The highest transmitted irradiance was measured for VM and LU, followed by VCT and IEC, while the lowest values showed VE, followed by IEM and CD. The highest transmitted irradiance was recorded by exposing the material to the plasma mode, followed by the high- and standard-power modes. The measured irradiance was decreased by increasing the specimen's thickness from 1 to 2 mm. Fewer differences were measured when the curing unit was placed at 0 or 2 mm from the specimen's surface, and the irradiance passing through the specimens was lower at a distance of 4 mm.
Effect of Insufficient Light Exposure on Polymerization Kinetics of Conventional and Self-adhesive Dual-cure Resin Cements
Authors: Jang Y , Ferracane JL , Pfeifer CS , Park JW , Shin Y , Roh BD 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARY
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of insufficient light exposure on the polymerization of conventional and self-adhesive dual-cure resin cements under ceramic restorations.
Methods: Two conventional dual-cure resin cements (Rely-X ARC, Duolink) and two self-adhesive resin cements (Rely-X U200, Maxcem Elite) were polymerized under different curing modes (dual-cure or self-cure), curing times (20 and 120 seconds), and thickness of a ceramic overlay (2 and 4 mm). Polymerization kinetics was measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the initial 10 minutes and after 24 hours. Data were analyzed using mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA/Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test, and paired t-test (α=0.05).
Results: When light-curing time was set to 20 seconds, the presence of the ceramic block significantly affected the degree of conversion (DC) of all resin cements. Especially, the DC of the groups with 20 seconds of light-curing time under 4 mm of ceramic thickness was even lower than that of the self-cured groups at 24 hours after polymerization (p&lt;0.05). However, when light-curing time was set to 120 seconds, a similar DC compared with the group with direct light exposure (p&gt;0.05) was achieved in all dual-cure groups except Maxcem Elite, at 24 hours after polymerization.
Conclusions: For both conventional and self-adhesive dual-cure resin cements, insufficient light exposure (20 seconds of light-curing time) through thick ceramic restoration (4 mm thick) resulted in a DC even lower than that of self-curing alone.
Earthquake in Nepal: A Miserable Environmental Hazard Visited by Nature
Authors: Dube Shiva Kant 
Published: September 2016

Indian and Tibetan tectonic plates and therefore lies in a seismically active region. Historical data evidence the occurrence of destructive great earthquakes in the past. Earthquakes are caused mainly due to disequilibrium in any part of the crust of the earth. If we look at the world distribution of earthquake, it appears that the earthquake belts are closely associated with the weaker zones of the seismotectonics of the region. It is an instrument for seismic surveillance allowing a fast post-earthquake rescue operation. This paper incorporates a case of earthquake occurred in April, 2015 as one of the environmental hazards visited by nature which proved disastrous causing massive loss of lives and properties to the vulnerable regions. It can be taken as a lesson to mitigate massive loss of lives and properties selecting isostatically proper land structure and constructing safe settlements for habitat in Nepalese context.Academic Voices Vol.5 2015: 56-66
Association between shunt-responsive idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and alcohol
Authors: Hickman Thu-Trang , Shuman Matthew E. , Johnson Tatyana A. , Yang Felix , Rice Rebecca R. , Rice Isaac M. , Chung Esther H. , Wiemann Robert , Tinl Megan , Iracheta Christine , Chen Grace , Flynn Patricia , Mondello Mary Beth , Thompson Jillian , Meadows Mary-Ellen , Carroll Rona S. , Yang Hong Wei , Xing Hongyan , Pilgrim David , Chiocca E. Antonio , Dunn Ian F. , Golby Alexandra J. , Johnson Mark D. 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVEIdiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is characterized by ventriculomegaly, gait difficulty, incontinence, and dementia. The symptoms can be ameliorated by CSF drainage. The object of this study was to identify factors associated with shunt-responsive iNPH.METHODSThe authors reviewed the medical records of 529 patients who underwent shunt placement for iNPH at their institution between July 2001 and March 2015. Variables associated with shunt-responsive iNPH were identified using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Detailed alcohol consumption information was obtained for 328 patients and was used to examine the relationship between alcohol and shunt-responsive iNPH. A computerized patient registry from 2 academic medical centers was queried to determine the prevalence of alcohol abuse among 1665 iNPH patients.RESULTSBivariate analysis identified associations between shunt-responsive iNPH and gait difficulty (OR 4.59, 95% CI 2.32–9.09; p < 0.0001), dementia (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.14–2.80; p = 0.01), incontinence (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.13–2.76; p = 0.01), and alcohol use (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.23–3.16; p = 0.03). Borderline significance was observed for hyperlipidemia (OR 1.56, 95% CI 0.99–2.45; p = 0.054), a family history of hyperlipidemia (OR 3.09, 95% CI 0.93–10.26, p = 0.054), and diabetes (OR 1.83, 95% CI 0.96–3.51; p = 0.064). Multivariate analysis identified associations with gait difficulty (OR 3.98, 95% CI 1.81–8.77; p = 0.0006) and alcohol (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.10–3.39; p = 0.04). Increased alcohol intake correlated with greater improvement after CSF drainage. Alcohol abuse was 2.5 times more prevalent among iNPH patients than matched controls.CONCLUSIONSAlcohol consumption is associated with the development of shunt-responsive iNPH.
The force pyramid: a spatial analysis of force application during virtual reality brain tumor resection
Authors: Azarnoush Hamed , Siar Samaneh , Sawaya Robin , Zhrani Gmaan Al , Winkler-Schwartz Alexander , Alotaibi Fahad Eid , Bugdadi Abdulgadir , Bajunaid Khalid , Marwa Ibrahim , Sabbagh Abdulrahman Jafar , Del Maestro Rolando F. 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVEVirtual reality simulators allow development of novel methods to analyze neurosurgical performance. The concept of a force pyramid is introduced as a Tier 3 metric with the ability to provide visual and spatial analysis of 3D force application by any instrument used during simulated tumor resection. This study was designed to answer 3 questions: 1) Do study groups have distinct force pyramids? 2) Do handedness and ergonomics influence force pyramid structure? 3) Are force pyramids dependent on the visual and haptic characteristics of simulated tumors?METHODSUsing a virtual reality simulator, NeuroVR (formerly NeuroTouch), ultrasonic aspirator force application was continually assessed during resection of simulated brain tumors by neurosurgeons, residents, and medical students. The participants performed simulated resections of 18 simulated brain tumors with different visual and haptic characteristics. The raw data, namely, coordinates of the instrument tip as well as contact force values, were collected by the simulator. To provide a visual and qualitative spatial analysis of forces, the authors created a graph, called a force pyramid, representing force sum along the z-coordinate for different xy coordinates of the tool tip.RESULTSSixteen neurosurgeons, 15 residents, and 84 medical students participated in the study. Neurosurgeon, resident and medical student groups displayed easily distinguishable 3D “force pyramid fingerprints.” Neurosurgeons had the lowest force pyramids, indicating application of the lowest forces, followed by resident and medical student groups. Handedness, ergonomics, and visual and haptic tumor characteristics resulted in distinct well-defined 3D force pyramid patterns.CONCLUSIONSForce pyramid fingerprints provide 3D spatial assessment displays of instrument force application during simulated tumor resection. Neurosurgeon force utilization and ergonomic data form a basis for understanding and modulating resident force application and improving patient safety during tumor resection.
Prediction based on preoperative opioid use of clinical outcomes after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions
Authors: Villavicencio Alan T. , Nelson E. Lee , Kantha Vinod , Burneikiene Sigita 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE
Opioid analgesics have become some of the most prescribed drugs in the world, despite the lack of long-term studies evaluating the benefits of opioid medications versus their risks associated with chronic use. In addition, long-term opioid use may be associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative opioid use predicted inferior clinical outcomes among patients undergoing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for symptomatic lumbar degenerative disc disease.

METHODS
The authors of this observational study prospectively enrolled 93 patients who underwent 1-level to 2-level TLIFs in 2011–2014; the patient cohort was divided into 2 groups according to preoperative opioid use or no such use. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores for low-back pain and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index scores, and the scores of the mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) on the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey were used to assess pain, disability, and health-related quality of life outcomes, respectively. The clinical scores for the 2 groups were determined preoperatively and at a 12-month follow-up examination.

RESULTS
In total, 60 (64.5%) patients took prescribed opioid medications preoperatively. Compared with those not taking opioids preoperatively, these patients had significantly higher VAS scores for low-back pain (p = 0.016), greater disability (p = 0.013), and lower PCS scores (p = 0.03) at the 12-month follow-up. The postoperative MCS scores were also significantly lower (p = 0.035) in the opioid-use group, but these lower scores were due to significantly lower baseline MCS scores in this group. A linear regression analysis did not detect opioid dose–related effects on leg and back pain, disability, and MCS and PCS scores, suggesting that poorer outcomes are not significantly correlated with higher opioid doses taken by the patients.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of opioid medications to control pain before patients underwent lumbar fusion for degenerative lumbar conditions was associated with less favorable clinical outcomes postoperatively. This is the first study that has demonstrated this association in a homogeneous cohort of patients undergoing TLIF; this association should be studied further to evaluate the conclusions of the present study.
Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01406405 (clinicaltrials.gov)
Dietary effects of different organic acids on growth and nutrient digestibility of broiler
Authors: Ndelekwute EK , Enyenihi GE , Unah UL , Madu HC 
Published: September 2016

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of organic acids (acetic, butyric, citric and formic acids) on growth and nutrient digestibility of broilers. One hundred fifty (150) day old Hubbard chicks were used. There were five dietary treatments such viz Diet 1 as control contained no organic acid, diets 2, 3, 4, and 5 contained 0.25% acetic, butyric, citric and formic acids, respectively. Each treatment was replicated three times having 10 birds arranged in completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were given ad libitum. Feeding of organic acid diets lasted for 7 weeks starting from the second week. At the starter phase, formic acid improved live weight. Feed and water intakes were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by butyric acid. Feed: gain ratio was improved by formic acid. At the finisher phase, live weight was significantly (P<0.05) improved by the acids except butyric acid. Feed intake, daily gain and feed: gain ratio were not significant (P>0.05). Crude protein and ether extracts digestibility were improved by all the organic acids (P<0.05). It is therefore concluded that 0.25% formic acid could be added to broiler diets.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (2): 10-17
Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh
Authors: Zahan Nahida Akther , Hossain Md. Akram , Shamsuzzaman AKM , Musa AKM , Mahamud Md. Chand , Paul Shyamol Kumar , Ahmed Salma , Sumona Asma Azad , Begum Zohra , Alam Mahabubul , Islam Mohammad Jahidul 
Published: September 2016

The study was done to detect different exotoxins among the strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College in collaboration with the Department of Medicine under the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh between the periods from July, 2006 to June, 2007. A total of 40 S. aureus isolates investigated in this study were identified by standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates to Oxacillin was carried out by disk diffusion method as per recommendation of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Any isolate showing resistance to Oxacillin was tested again by agar dilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Methicillin. All strains were also tested for mecA gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for confirmation of Methicillin resistance. Enterotoxin (A-D) and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) were detected by Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination (RPLA) test. Out of 40 S. aureus isolates, 7 (17.5%) Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 1 (2.5%) Methicillin Sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) produced Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SE-A) and 1 MRSA isolate was positive for TSST-1. In case of combined toxin production among the S. aureus isolates, 2 (5%) MSSA were found to produce SE-A and SE-B, 2 (5%) MSSA produced SE-C and SE-D, and 1 (2.5%) MRSA, 1 (2.5%) MSSA produced SE-C and TSST-1.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2008; 02 (02): 3-6
Pattern of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infections and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile at Chittagong Medical College Hospital
Authors: Mazed MA , Hussain Anwar , Akter Nasima , Sultan Tipu , Dewanje Arup Kanti 
Published: September 2016

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common nosocomial infection among hospitalized patients. Area-specific monitoring studies aimed to gain knowledge about the type of pathogens responsible for UTIs and resistance pattern of the causative agents may help clinicians to choose correct treatment regimen. So, the present study was aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance of urinary pathogens isolated at Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) during January to June, 2007. Out of 360 clinical samples of urine collected, 175 (48.61%) showed significant bacterial growth. The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (66, 37.71%), Klebsiella species (60, 34.29%), Proteus species (17, 9.71%) and Pseudomonas species (16, 9.14%). Members of the Enterobacteriaceae were 80%-100% sensitive to Imipenem while they were found variably sensitive to other commonly used antibiotics. Pseudomonas species were 100% sensitive to Imipenem, 75% to Amikacin, and 50% to Ceftazidime. Staphylococcus aureus was found 100% sensitive to Vancomycin, 80% to Gentamicin and Amikacin each, and 55% to Oxacillin. Enterococcus species were 80% sensitive to Imipenem, 60% to Ciprofloxacin, 50% to Vancomycin and Amikacin each. The clinicians should use Imipenem selectively in cases of un-responsiveness to commonly used antibiotics.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2008; 02 (02): 17-21
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from an Urban Referral Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Rahman M Mushfequr , Haq J Ashraful , Morshed MAH Golam , Huq Farida 
Published: September 2016

The present study was to assess the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated bacteria in an urban referral hospital in Dhaka City. A total of 393 bacterial strains were isolated from various specimens over a l0-months period. The majority of the organisms were Escherichia coli Q3.33oh) followed by Klebsiella species (27.480 ), Staphylococcas aureus (l7.Oioh),Lcinetobacter species (8.l4yo), Pseudomonas species (7.l2Yo), and others. The thirdgeneration Cephalosporins Hke Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime and Cefotaxime were sensitive against 45-66yo isolated Enterobacteriaceae. The first- and second-generation Cephalosporins were less effective. The sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin of various Enterobacteriaceae was only between 33-4Oo compared to 52.8-67.9Vo against Gentamicin. Majority of the Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to Ampicillin, whereas almost all of the Enterobacteriaceae (94-100%o) were sensitive to Imipenem. Ahont97.UY;s Acinetobacter species were susceptible to Imipenem. Sensitivity of the organism (Acinetobacter) to third-generation Cephalosporins ranged between 50-560 , whereas 40.60/o were found sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. The sensitivity to Chloramphenicol, Co-trimoxazole, Cephalexin and Ampicillin ranged between 9.3oh to 34.30 . About 93.0%o of Pseudomonas species were sensitive to Imipenem. The rate of susceptibility to Gentamicin and Netilmicin was higher than those of the Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone (67.80/o and, 53.57o vs, 39.2yo), About 707o of isolated S. aureus were resistant to OxacilHn but all were sensitive to Vancomycin. The result of this study would help the physicians to make a judicious choice of,.anti.biotics for therapeutic purposes.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2008; O2 (02):7-ll
Invitation à une nouvelle réflexion sur les fondations grecques en Libye
Authors: Costanzi Michela 
Published: September 2016

Les établissements grecs en Libye sont traditionnellement présentés comme des colonies que Cyrène aurait fondées après 580 av. J.-C. Or cette datation est aujourd’hui mise en doute par les céramologues : la présence grecque dans la région est bien attestée à la fin du VIIe s. av. J.-C., à une époque à peu près contemporaine de celle de la fondation de Cyrène elle-même. En revanche, la filiation cyrénéenne de ces établissements n’est jamais remise en question, malgré le témoignage de vases de différentes provenances, et surtout en l’absence totale, dans les sources littéraires, de la moindre indication faisant de Cyrène une métropole régionale. L’origine de cette idée traditionnelle est probablement à chercher dans l’Antiquité : c’est une Scholie de la IVe Pythique de Pindare qui, la première et, en réalité, la seule, parle de Cyrène comme métropole d’autres cités. Mais l’importance donnée par Hérodote à Cyrène a contribué à fixer l’idée selon laquelle cette cité était seule en mesure d’essaimer dans la région, bien que l’auteur des Enquêtes ne le dise jamais ni ne le laisse entendre, et même si Cyrène, dont il relaie pourtant la propagande, ne semble jamais l’avoir revendiqué.
Ce constat permet d’interpréter d’une manière nouvelle les sources littéraires sur les établissements grecs de la région et de proposer un nouveau scénario pour la colonisation grecque de la Libye.
EXPLORING A CHEMICAL ROUTE FOR THE FORMATION OF STABLE ANIONS OF POLYYNES [CnH− (n = 2, 4)] IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS
Authors: Gianturco F. A. , Satta M. , Mendolicchio M. , Palazzetti F. , Piserchia A. , Barone V. , Wester R. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Using quantum chemical methods, we investigate the possible outcomes of

reactions with acetylene and diacetylene molecules. We find both reactions to be exothermic reactions without barriers, yielding stable anions of the corresponding polyynes:

and

. We show in this work that the computed chemical rates in the case of the formation of the

anion would be larger than those existing for the direct radiative electron attachment (REA) process, the main mechanism generally suggested for their formation. In the case of the

anion, however, the present chemical rates of formation at low T are even lower than those known for its REA process, both mechanisms being inefficient for its formation under astrochemical conditions. The present results are discussed in view of their consequences on the issue of the possible presence of such anions in the ISM environments. They clearly indicate the present chemical route to

formation to be inefficient at the expected temperatures of a dark molecular cloud, whereas this is found not to be the case for the

, in line with the available experimental findings.
Créer pour ne plus détruire
Authors: Vissler Lena 
Published: September 2016

Un texte d’une étudiante qui découvre le monde de la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse. Un texte pour essayer de comprendre pourquoi la délinquance des mineurs et surtout pourquoi autant de jeunes franchissent les portes de la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse ; : des points communs entre les jeunes rencontrés à la pjj et de la découverte de leur monde singulier à une possible solution à travers les mains qui créent pour ne plus détruire.
The gospel in context: Hiebert’s critical contextualisation and charismatic movements in Sierra Leone
Authors: Bangura Joseph B. 
Published: September 2016

This article examines the process of contextualisation adopted by charismatic movements (CMs) in Sierra Leone. In it I use Hiebert’s model of critical contextualisation to evaluate the biblical depth and cultural sensitivity of the CMs’ contextualisation. Three ongoing cultural issues are especially highlighted as crucial and are used as the point of departure in the discussions: initiation ceremonies, polygamous marriage practices and ancestral rituals. The article concludes that, whilst the danger of syncretism is likely to occur where uncritical forms of contextualisation are employed, the CMs in Sierra Leone are attempting to address themes that are concurrent with the African sensibilities of its followers. This is an effort to build authentic forms of Christianity that are faithful to Holy Scripture and relevant to the setting in which they are developed.
Ouderlinge met preekvergunning: ‘n Herlewing van Dordtse Kerkorde artikel 8?
Authors: Strauss Piet 
Published: September 2016

Elders with consent to preach: A revival of Church order of Dordt (DCO) art 8? There seems to be a need for members other than trained ministers to preach in Reformed Churches. This need comes to the fore especially during periods in which traditional academically trained ministers are lacking. The well-known Synod of Dordt (1618–1619) made provision for members with extraordinary (singular) gifts to become ministers of the Word. In this it was continuing a practice in the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands of the 16th century. Other reformed churches followed. In the Dutch Reformed Church elders with the necessary abilities who are trained in short spells are nowadays also used to preach the Word. This article investigates the latter in the light of the former and the content of article 8 of the Church order of Dordt (DCO).