bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Seismic Activity From a Rock Cliff With Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Morin Alexi , Giroux Bernard , Gauthier Francis 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPassive seismic monitoring (PSM) is emerging as a tool for detecting rockfall events and pre‐failure seismicity. In this paper, the potential of PSM for rockfall monitoring is assessed through a case study carried out in Gros‐Morne, Eastern Québec, in a region with prominent roadside cliffs, where more than 500 fallen rocks are found on the main regional road each year. The proposed method relies on using sensitive STA‐LTA windows to detect a very large number of seismic events and build a comprehensive catalog. In total, more than 70,000 seismic events were detected over one year. Gaussian mixtures are used to partition the data set. Based on visual inspection of the data, a main working hypothesis is that the seismic events can be clustered into three groups. After analyzing the spatio‐temporal distribution of the events in each group, we find that the events of one cluster can be associated with anthropogenic activity. The frequency of occurrence of the events of the different clusters and their link with meteorological data is also examined through a regression exercise, to assess the importance of the meteorological variables as explanatory variables. The results allow us to postulate on the physical origins of the signals in the different clusters, attributing them to rockfall activity and wind‐induced seismic noise.
Opioid equipotency conversions for hospitalized infants: a systematic review
Authors: Ing Madeleine C. , Keane Olivia A. , Lakshmanan Ashwini , Kim Eugene , Lee Henry C. , Kelley-Quon Lorraine I. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHospitalized infants commonly receive opioids to reduce pain and minimize distress during invasive procedures. However, infant neurodevelopment is significantly impacted by cumulative and prolonged opioid exposures. While opioid conversion has been studied extensively in adults, no standardized equipotency opioid conversions exist for hospitalized infants and opioid stewardship efforts are inconsistent. We performed a systematic review to identify opioid dosing conversions commonly used in hospitalized infants <1 year of age, finding fourteen articles which documented or cited a calculation of cumulative opioid exposure. Morphine milligram equivalents (MME) conversion factors varied widely, with nine studies citing conversion equivalent equations commonly used in adults. Efforts to expand safe opioid stewardship to hospitalized infants will require evidence-based consensus for opioid equipotency dose conversions which acknowledge the unique physiology of infants.
Suppressed concentration quenching and tunable photoluminescence in Eu2+-activated Rb3Y(PO4)2 phosphors for full-spectrum lighting
Authors: Zhao Ming , Ge Yeping , Li Yurong , Song Xiaoyan , Xia Zhiguo , Zhang Xinping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHighly efficient inorganic phosphors are desirable for lighting-emitting diode light sources, and increasing the doping concentration of activators is a common approach for enhancing the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, the constraint of concentration quenching poses a great challenge for improving the PLQY. Herein, we propose a fundamental design principle by separating activators and prolonging their distance in Eu2+-activated Rb3Y(PO4)2 phosphors to inhibit concentration quenching, in which different quenching rates are controlled by the Eu distribution at various crystallographic sites. The blue-violet-emitting Rb3Y(PO4)2:xEu (x = 0.1%–15%) phosphors, with the occupation of Rb1, Rb2 and Y sites by Eu2+, exhibit rapid luminescence quenching with optimum external PLQY of 10% due to multi-channel energy migration. Interestingly, as the Eu concentration increases above 20%, Eu2+ prefer to occupy the Rb1 and Y sites with separated polyhedra and large interionic distances, resulting in green emission with suppressed concentration quenching, achieving an improved external PLQY of 41%. Our study provides a unique design perspective for elevating the efficiency of Eu2+-activated phosphors toward high-performance inorganic luminescent materials for full-spectrum lighting.
Measuring, processing, and generating partially coherent light with self-configuring optics
Authors: Roques-Carmes Charles , Fan Shanhui , Miller David A. B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOptical phenomena always display some degree of partial coherence between their respective degrees of freedom. Partial coherence is of particular interest in multimodal systems, where classical and quantum correlations between spatial, polarization, and spectral degrees of freedom can lead to fascinating phenomena (e.g., entanglement) and be leveraged for advanced imaging and sensing modalities (e.g., in hyperspectral, polarization, and ghost imaging). Here, we present a universal method to analyze, process, and generate spatially partially coherent light in multimode systems by using self-configuring optical networks. Our method relies on cascaded self-configuring layers whose average power outputs are sequentially optimized. Once optimized, the network separates the input light into its mutually incoherent components, which is formally equivalent to a diagonalization of the input density matrix. We illustrate our method with numerical simulations of Mach-Zehnder interferometer arrays and show how this method can be used to perform partially coherent environmental light sensing, generation of multimode partially coherent light with arbitrary coherency matrices, and unscrambling of quantum optical mixtures. We provide guidelines for the experimental realization of this method, including the influence of losses, paving the way for self-configuring photonic devices that can automatically learn optimal modal representations of partially coherent light fields.
Rational strategy for power doubling of monolithic multijunction III-V photovoltaics by accommodating attachable scattering waveguides
Authors: Lee Shin Hyung , Kim Hyo Jin , Kim Jae-Hyun , Park Gwang Yeol , Kim Sun-Kyung , Lee Sung-Min 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhile waveguide-based light concentrators offer significant advantages, their application has not been considered an interesting option for assisting multijunction or other two-terminal tandem solar cells. In this study, we present a simple yet effective approach to enhancing the output power of transfer-printed multijunction InGaP/GaAs solar cells. By utilizing a simply combinable waveguide concentrator featuring a coplanar waveguide with BaSO4 Mie scattering elements, we enable the simultaneous absorption of directly illuminated solar flux and indirectly waveguided flux. The deployment of cells is optimized for front-surface photon collection in monofacial cells. Through systematic comparisons across various waveguide parameters, supported by both experimental and theoretical quantifications, we demonstrate a remarkable improvement in the maximum output power of a 26%-efficient cell, achieving an enhancement of ~93% with the integration of the optimal scattering waveguide. Additionally, a series of supplementary tests are conducted to explore the effective waveguide size, validate enhancements in arrayed cell module performance, and assess the drawbacks associated with rear illumination. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of our proposed approach towards advancing multi-junction photovoltaics.
Neutrophil extracellular traps in homeostasis and disease
Authors: Wang Han , Kim Susan J. , Lei Yu , Wang Shuhui , Wang Hui , Huang Hai , Zhang Hongji , Tsung Allan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), crucial in immune defense mechanisms, are renowned for their propensity to expel decondensed chromatin embedded with inflammatory proteins. Our comprehension of NETs in pathogen clearance, immune regulation and disease pathogenesis, has grown significantly in recent years. NETs are not only pivotal in the context of infections but also exhibit significant involvement in sterile inflammation. Evidence suggests that excessive accumulation of NETs can result in vessel occlusion, tissue damage, and prolonged inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to the progression and exacerbation of various pathological states. Nevertheless, NETs exhibit dual functionalities in certain pathological contexts. While NETs may act as autoantigens, aggregated NET complexes can function as inflammatory mediators by degrading proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The delineation of molecules and signaling pathways governing NET formation aids in refining our appreciation of NETs’ role in immune homeostasis, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, metabolic dysregulation, and cancer. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the multifaceted roles of NETs in both homeostasis and disease, whilst discussing their potential as therapeutic targets. Our aim is to enhance the understanding of the intricate functions of NETs across the spectrum from physiology to pathology.
High-throughput identification of repurposable neuroactive drugs with potent anti-glioblastoma activity
Authors: Lee Sohyon , Weiss Tobias , Bühler Marcel , Mena Julien , Lottenbach Zuzanna , Wegmann Rebekka , Sun Miaomiao , Bihl Michel , Augustynek Bartłomiej , Baumann Sven P. , Goetze Sandra , van Drogen Audrey , Pedrioli Patrick G. A. , Penton David , Festl Yasmin , Buck Alicia , Kirschenbaum Daniel , Zeitlberger Anna M. , Neidert Marian C. , Vasella Flavio , Rushing Elisabeth J. , Wollscheid Bernd , Hediger Matthias A. , Weller Michael , Snijder Berend 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain cancer, has a dismal prognosis, yet systemic treatment is limited to DNA-alkylating chemotherapies. New therapeutic strategies may emerge from exploring neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological vulnerabilities of glioblastoma. To this end, we systematically screened repurposable neuroactive drugs in glioblastoma patient surgery material using a clinically concordant and single-cell resolved platform. Profiling more than 2,500 ex vivo drug responses across 27 patients and 132 drugs identified class-diverse neuroactive drugs with potent anti-glioblastoma efficacy that were validated across model systems. Interpretable molecular machine learning of drug–target networks revealed neuroactive convergence on AP-1/BTG-driven glioblastoma suppression, enabling expanded in silico screening of more than 1 million compounds with high patient validation accuracy. Deep multimodal profiling confirmed Ca2+-driven AP-1/BTG-pathway induction as a neuro-oncological glioblastoma vulnerability, epitomized by the anti-depressant vortioxetine synergizing with current standard-of-care chemotherapies in vivo. These findings establish an actionable framework for glioblastoma treatment rooted in its neural etiology.
Individual use of self-medication and other remedies in COVID-19 outpatients in Western-Pomerania
Authors: Stüdemann Svea , Schäfer Eik , Hahnenkamp Klaus , Tzvetkov Mladen V. , Engeli Stefan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe analyzed data from positively tested COVID-19 outpatients to describe self-medication with OTC drugs and use of other remedies against symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We specifically considered their type and frequency, as well as associations with patient characteristics, and reasons for use. Data were collected between May 1, 2020 and February 22, 2021 with two questionnaires in an observational cohort study with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive adult outpatients in the district of Western Pomerania in Germany. 523 out of 710 outpatients (74%; 340 women and 183 men) reported using drugs and other remedies to relieve COVID-19-symptoms. Overall, participants reported utilization of 1282 finished dosage products or remedies, including 213 different ingredients. In the population of 710 outpatients, utilization of ibuprofen (26%), acetaminophen (21%), metamizole (14%), and acetylsalicylic acid (10%) was most commonly reported. Phytopharmaceuticals, herbal and animal products as well as vitamins and minerals were also frequently reported. Among the 523 participants who used drugs and other remedies, most commonly mentioned reasons for use were headache (40%), other kinds of pain (e.g. myalgia; 37%), fever (24%) and cough (16%). Our analysis showed that a majority of the participants tried to alleviate COVID-19-symptoms using drugs and other remedies. Especially analgesic and antipyretic agents, followed by herbal medicines, were used very frequently.Trial registration: German Register for Clinical Studies DRKS00021672, first registration on December 1st, 2020.
Characterization of the AGR2-NPM3 axis uncovers the AGR2 involvement in PD-L1 regulation in colorectal cancer
Authors: Martisova Andrea , Faktor Jakub , Sosolikova Tereza , Klemesova Iveta , Kolarova Tamara , Holcakova Jitka , Hrstka Roman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite extensive research, the molecular role of AGR2 in the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully characterized. We used quantitative mass spectrometry (SWATH MS) to identify differentially expressed proteins in paired CRC cell models of the SW480 and SW620 cell lines in response to AGR2 protein level manipulation. Relying on the results from SWATH MS and subsequent immunochemical validation, we selected NMP3 as the top candidate protein associated with AGR2 in CRC tumour cells in our screen. RT‒qPCR and immunochemical analysis confirmed the involvement of AGR2-mediated regulation of NPM3 at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Since PD-L1 is a constituent of the NPM3 regulatory axis, we aimed to correlate the changes in PD-L1 to the differential expression of AGR2 in our cell models. We found that AGR2 positively regulates PD-L1 levels in both SW480 and SW620 cell lines; additionally, several different CRC patient transcriptome cohorts confirmed the association of AGR2 with PD-L1. Our work reveals a new AGR2-NPM3 regulatory axis and the involvement of AGR2 in the regulation of PD-L1, which paves the way for the association of AGR2 with immune evasion in CRC cells.
Self-Improved Language Production in Nonfluent Aphasia Through Automated Recursive Self-Feedback
Authors: Imaezue Gerald C. , Tchernichovski Ofer , Goral Mira 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Persons with nonfluent aphasia (PWNA) use feedback from external agents (e.g., speech-language pathologists) and self-feedback to improve their language production. The extent to which PWNA can improve their language production using their self-feedback alone is underexplored. In a proof-of-concept study, we developed an automated recursive self-feedback procedure to demonstrate the extent to which two PWNA who used self-feedback alone improved their production of sentences from trained and untrained scripts. In the current study, we use the Rehabilitation Response Specification System as a framework to replicate our initial findings.

Method:
We tested the effects of two treatments: script production with recursive self-feedback and script production with external feedback in four persons with chronic nonfluent aphasia. We compared the effects of treatment by measuring percent script produced, speaking rate, and speech initiation latency of trained and untrained scripts. The participants received the treatments remotely through mini tablets using two versions of a mobile app we developed. All the participants received each treatment intensively for 14 sessions across 2–3 weeks. We estimated clinical improvements of production of sentences from trained and untrained scripts through nonoverlap of all pairs analysis of performance pretreatment and posttreatment.

Results:
Both treatments improved PWNA's language production. Recursive self-feedback improved speaking rate and speech initiation latency, which generalized to untrained scripts in all participants. External feedback treatment did not generalize to improvement in speaking rate in two participants.

Conclusions:
Our findings confirm our initial evidence that PWNA can self-improve their sentence production from scripts through recursive self-feedback. This novel procedure enables PWNA to autonomously enhance their language production over time. Given the evidence and the mechanics of the procedure, we propose that its utility is not constrained by linguistic idiosyncrasies across cultures. Consequently, it has the potential to bypass linguistic barriers to aphasia care.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27007060
Effects of Modified Video-Implemented Script Training for Aphasia in the Three Variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Montagut Núria , Borrego-Écija Sergi , Herrero Jorge , Castellví Magdalena , Balasa Mircea , Lladó Albert , Grasso Stephanie M. , Sánchez-Valle Raquel 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by worsening of speech and/or language. Script training intervention promotes automatized speech production via repeated practice of scripted content. This study evaluated the acceptability, feasibility, and effects of a modified version of Video-Implemented Script Training for Aphasia (VISTA) in the three PPA variants and compared outcomes by intervention modality (teletherapy vs. in person).

Method:

Thirteen bilingual (Spanish–Catalan) participants were included (semantic variant,
n
= 5; logopenic variant,
n
= 5; nonfluent/agrammatic variant,
n
= 3; teletherapy,
n
= 7). Using a nonrandomized design, intervention was administered in participants' dominant language. Participants were trained on an individualized script twice per week, over 8 weeks. Performance on measures related to script accuracy, content, and subjective ratings of production quality was evaluated at baseline, immediately post, and at 3 and 6 months post-intervention.

Results:
No significant differences were observed on the basis of intervention modality. Participants demonstrated significant improvements from pre- to post-intervention in script production, synonym production, keywords, and global quality on the trained script. Maintenance was observed when comparing performance at post-intervention relative to 3- and 6-month follow-up for script and synonym production. Significant improvement in production quality of the untrained topic was observed following intervention. Different patterns of benefit were observed by PPA variant.

Conclusions:
Modified VISTA was acceptable and effective across the three PPA variants, as evidenced by improvements on a broader array of outcome measures than those previously reported. Findings also provide further support for provision for teletherapy in individuals with PPA.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26999326
Smart transportation solutions for faster emergency medical services response using an enhanced whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Gupta Hina , Amir Mohammad , Zaheeruddin  , Ahmad Furkan , Alblushi Ishaq G. Muhammad , Khalid Haris M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEmergency Medical Services (EMS) are vital for providing timely out‐of‐hospital care during medical emergencies. This research aims to optimize ambulance services by strategically allocating resources to minimize response time. A modified Whale Optimization Algorithm (mWOA) is introduced to achieve this goal, focusing on providing 24 × 7 services to every patient in need. The, conducted in Southern Delhi, India, considers the uncertain and stochastic nature of demand and traffic. The results demonstrate a 14.6% improvement in average EMS‐based response time, highlighting the effectiveness of the mWOA algorithm in enhancing ambulance allocation strategies. The results obtained using different algorithms are compared with those obtained using mWOA. The experiment outcomes demonstrate that the mWOA has higher efficiency and superiority than alternative algorithms regarding convergence rate and stability.
Micro‐motion parameters extraction of rotating target based on analytical solution in vortex electromagnetic wave radar
Authors: Yuan Hang , Chen Yi‐Jun , Luo Ying , Liang Jia , Liu Ying‐Xi , Wang Dan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe linear Doppler effect and angular Doppler effect in vortex electromagnetic wave radar echoes can be used to extract comprehensive micro‐motion parameters. However, the analytical solution of micro‐motion parameters for rotating targets in vortex EM wave radar has not been obtained. To solve the above problems, the analytical solution of micro‐motion parameters is derived, and a micro‐motion parameter extraction method is proposed. Firstly, the shape and properties of the angular Doppler curve in various cases are discussed. Subsequently, the properties of three points on the angular Doppler curve are derived. The micro‐motion parameters are obtained based on the three points. The simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can greatly reduce the computational complexity and improve the accuracy of micro‐motion parameter extraction.
Double‐hierarchy heterogeneous structural detection of a subspace signal for distributed multiple‐input multiple‐output radar
Authors: Li Weiping , Chen Weichao , Zuo Lei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe authors consider the problem of adaptive target detection in the background of interference and heterogeneous disturbance, for a multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar system equipped with widely separated distributed antennas. The signal of interest and the interference lie in two corresponding subspaces that are mutually linearly independent. Therein, both the coordinates of two subspaces are unknown. For MIMO radar system, the disturbances of transmit‐receive pairs are heterogeneous, namely, each transmit‐receive pair has different statistics. And the disturbance in one transmit‐receive pair is non‐homogeneous. Therefore a double‐hierarchy heterogeneous disturbance is proposed. By resorting to a two‐step procedure, a double‐hierarchy heterogeneous structural detector (MIMO‐GLRTdh) is proposed in accordance with generalised likelihood ratio test for distributed MIMO radar to suppress interference and disturbance. In real scenarios, the certain structure property, existing in the covariance matrix of disturbance, such as the structural persymmetry or Toeplitz property, may be useful. Furthermore, the authors incorporate the structural persymmetry or Toeplitz property to design two structural detectors (PerMIMO‐GLRTdh and ToeMIMO‐GLRTdh), and study the impact of structure on detectors. Simulation results show that the presented detectors can acquire better detection performance and strong anti‐interference ability. In addition, the results indicate that the detection performance of distributed MIMO radar can be improved by the structure in training‐limited situations.