bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ‘Hunt for Noses’: Contextualizing the Woḍeyar Predilection for Nose-cutting
Authors: Simmons Caleb 
Published: June 2016

In this article, the evidence of Mysore’s ‘hunt for noses’ within the broader context of nose-cutting in South Asia was examined, namely through the lenses of punishment, humiliation, ritual offerings, and as a military practice. In order to do so, a variety of sources from dharma śastric literature and folk narratives, which mentioned nose-cutting, were briefly examined to provide a fuller picture of the many meanings latent within the practice that associate nose amputation with punishment, and as a public mark of humiliation. The Mysore case, however, does not conform to usual characterization of nose amputation in secondary literature. The practice of nose-cutting in Mysore is shown to contain aspects of these broader connotations, but Mysore’s practice of nose amputation also remains specific to the Mysore context as an amalgamation of the variety of meanings from the broader Indian context with local military and ritual practice. This article, therefore, is an attempt to build a conceptual framework—a Foucauldian archaeology—through which we can see how the Mysore practice of nose-cutting was meaningful within South Indian medieval politics.
Evaluation of changes in prescription medication use after a residential treatment programme for borderline personality disorder
Authors: Broadbear Jillian H , Nesci Julian , Thomas Rosemary , Thompson Katherine , Beatson Josephine , Rao Sathya 
Published: June 2016

Objective: Residential patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder were evaluated to determine whether borderline personality disorder-focused psychotherapy reduced prescribing, personality disorder and co-morbid symptom severity. Method: Psychotropic prescriptions were measured at admission, discharge and 1 year later in 74 female participants with one or more personality disorder diagnosis and co-morbid mood disorders. Changes in pharmacotherapy were examined in the context of improvements in borderline personality disorder and/or co-morbid disorder symptom severity. Residential treatment included individual and group psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV was used to confirm the borderline personality disorder diagnosis and associated co-morbid conditions. The Beck Depression Inventory was completed at each time point. Results: A significant reduction in the incidence and severity of self-rated depression as well as clinician assessed personality disorder, including borderline personality disorder, was accompanied by a reduction in prescription of psychoactive medications. Conclusions: Three to six months of intensive borderline personality disorder-specific psychotherapy showed lasting benefit with regard to symptom severity of personality disorders (borderline personality disorder in particular) as well as depressive symptoms. This improvement corresponded with a reduction in prescriptions for psychoactive medications, which is consistent with current thinking regarding treatment for borderline personality disorder.
Successful rechallenge with clozapine after treatment associated eosinophilia
Authors: McArdle Peter A , Siskind Dan J , Kolur Uday , Parker Stephen , Korman Nicole , Purushothaman Subramanian 
Published: June 2016

Objective: Eosinophilia has been associated with the use of clozapine. Where clozapine associated eosinophilia develops, and is associated with organ specific damage, clozapine is usually ceased. In cases of treatment associated eosinophilia without evidence of organ specific damage, clozapine would also typically be withdrawn. There are small numbers of reports in the literature describing patients who have had a successful rechallenge of clozapine having previously stopped treatment due to eosinophilia without associated organ specific inflammation. We report the case of a man who underwent a successful retrial of clozapine. Method: Case from authors’ clinical practice reviewed. Results: We present the case of a young man with treatment resistant schizophrenia who underwent a successful re-challenge of clozapine, having previously ceased treatment due to an eosinophilia associated with treatment. Conclusion: We believe that the current report provides further evidence that it may be unnecessary to cease treatment in all patients who develop an eosinophilia without organ dysfunction whilst on clozapine. Furthermore, where clozapine has been ceased due to an eosinophilia without evidence of organ specific inflammation, clozapine rechallenge with increased haematological monitoring should be considered.
Disability progression in aggressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Menon Suresh , Zhu Feng , Shirani Afsaneh , Oger Joel , Freedman Mark S , Tremlett Helen 
Published: June 2016

Objective: To examine disease progression in ‘aggressive’ multiple sclerosis (MS), British Columbia, Canada (1980–2009). Methods: Aggressive (or ‘malignant’) MS was defined as Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ⩾6 within 5 years from onset. The first EDSS ⩾6 was termed ‘baseline’. Within 2, 3 and 5 years post-baseline, patients were categorized as follows: ‘worsened’ or ‘improved’, relative to baseline EDSS (the remainder exhibited no change or had no new scores). The associations between patient characteristics (sex, relapsing onset/primary progressive, onset age, onset symptoms, disease duration, cumulative prior relapses and baseline EDSS) and worsening in disability were examined longitudinally using logistic regression. Results: Of the 225/4341 (5.2%) aggressive/malignant MS patients, 134 (59.6%) were female, 167 (74.2%) were relapsing onset, 94 (41.8%) had received disease-modifying drugs at some point and the mean follow-up was 8.7 years. The proportion of patients who ‘worsened’ increased from 40.4% to 57.8%, while those who ‘improved’ varied little (range, 8.9%–10.2%). The odds of worsening increased with disease duration (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22–1.52) and the presence of primary progressive (vs relapsing-onset) MS (AOR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.01–3.38). Conclusion: Apart from disease duration and a primary progressive course, no clinically useful associations of subsequent disease worsening in patients with aggressive/malignant MS were identified.
Effect of high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation on antibody responses against Epstein–Barr virus in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Røsjø Egil , Lossius Andreas , Abdelmagid Nada , Lindstrøm Jonas C , Kampman Margitta T , Jørgensen Lone , Sundström Peter , Olsson Tomas , Steffensen Linn H , Torkildsen Øivind , Holmøy Trygve 
Published: June 2016

Background: Elevated antibody levels against Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and a poor vitamin D status are environmental factors that may interact in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) aetiology. Objectives: To examine effects of high-dose oral vitamin D3 supplementation on antibody levels against EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) in RRMS. Methods: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D) and immunoglobulin G antibody levels against EBNA1 (whole protein and amino acid 385–420 fragment), EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) were measured in 68 RRMS patients enrolled in a 96-week randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial of oral vitamin D3 supplementation (20,000 IU/week) (NCT00785473). Results: The mean 25(OH)D level more than doubled in the vitamin D group and was significantly higher than in the placebo group at study conclusion (123.2 versus 61.8 nmol/L, p < 0.001). Compared to the placebo group, both anti-EBNA1 protein and fragment antibody levels decreased in the vitamin D group from baseline to week 48 ( p = 0.038 and p = 0.004, respectively), but not from baseline to week 96. Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect antibodies against VCA, CMV or VZV. Conclusion: The results indicate that high-dose oral vitamin D3 supplementation can affect humoral immune responses against the latent EBV antigen EBNA1 in RRMS.
The effect of combat experience on adult attachment: A stepfamily perspective
Authors: Turner Ryan D , Wood David S , Parks D Aaron , Shafer Kevin 
Published: June 2016

Summary Social science researchers have long examined the impact of combat experience on individual and family outcomes, but doing so within a stepfamily context has yet to be done. Drawn from a sample of young adults living in the USA, this study examines the effect of emerging adults’ combat experience on the relationship between their childhood attachment with a biological parent in a stepfamily setting and their adult attachment style with a romantic partner. Findings Results of multiple regression analysis indicate that a secure parent–child relationship within a stepfamily reduces the likelihood of exhibiting more characteristics of avoidant attachment style in adulthood. However, when interacted with combat experience, a secure parent-child relationship significantly increases the likelihood of exhibiting more characteristics of avoidant attachment in adulthood. Applications Results from this study advance previous research findings on the effect of wartime experience on individual outcomes by examining postcombat deployment attachment styles for individuals who were raised in a stepfamily context. Incorporating these findings into social work research and practice can help clinicians more effectively prevent service members’ maladaptive postdeployment attachment styles and treat individuals and families affected by them.
Care coordination in adult social care: Exploring service characteristics within the non-statutory sector in England
Authors: Sutcliffe Caroline , Jasper Rowan , Hughes Jane , Abendstern Michele , Challis David 
Published: June 2016

Summary As a result of national policy in respect of social care of adults in England, the non-statutory sector is increasingly more evident in the provision of care services previously undertaken by local government, including the delivery of care coordination for older people. However, little is currently known about the scope, content, or quality of services providing care coordination within this sector. This article reports the findings from a postal survey undertaken in January 2014 of non-statutory organisations in England providing care coordination services and investigates variations in their key attributes. Organisations providing care coordination services were identified using various strategies to create a database of services. Questionnaires encompassing several areas of enquiry were mailed to managers of care coordination services identified from the database. Findings There was similarity in the operation of the care coordination services sampled. Many were small-scale services, contract-funded, and providing short-term support. Volunteer staff were a feature of most services. All services worked to written protocols and standards and almost all levied no charge. Many shared information with healthcare or local authority staff with user consent. Service user satisfaction was measured and used for service improvement. Application This is one of the first studies undertaken in England to investigate the provision of care coordination by the non-statutory sector and to identify patterns of variation in key service attributes. Implications for commissioners, service providers, workforce, and social workers are further discussed. The findings provide baseline data against which future developments can be measured.
Improvement of insulin sensitivity in response to exercise training in type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with vascular endothelial growth factor A expression
Authors: Wagner Henrik , Fischer Helene , Degerblad Marie , Alvarsson Michael , Gustafsson Thomas 
Published: June 2016

Purpose: Insulin sensitivity changes in response to exercise training demonstrate a large variation. Vascular endothelial growth factor A could promote increased insulin sensitivity through angiogenesis. We investigated associations between changes in expression of key genes and insulin sensitivity, aerobic capacity and glycaemic control following exercise training in diabetes mellitus type 2. Methods: Subjects with diabetes mellitus type 2 underwent 12 weeks of structured exercise. Euglycaemic clamp, exercise test and HbA1c were performed. Muscle biopsies were obtained for mRNA expression. Results: A total of 16 subjects completed the study. Change in vascular endothelial growth factor A expression was positively associated with an increase in insulin sensitivity ( p = 0.004) and with a decrease in HbA1c ( p = 0.034). Vascular endothelial growth factor A receptor-1 expression showed similar associations. Conclusion: The variation in physical adaptation to exercise training in diabetes mellitus type 2 was associated with changes in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A in muscle. This difference in induced gene expression could contribute to the variation in exercise training effects on insulin sensitivity. Measures of capillary blood flow need to be assessed in future studies.
Mycolactone-mediated neurite degeneration and functional effects in cultured human and rat DRG neurons
Authors: Anand U , Sinisi M , Fox M , MacQuillan A , Quick T , Korchev Y , Bountra C , McCarthy T , Anand P 
Published: June 2016

Background Mycolactone is a polyketide toxin secreted by the mycobacterium Mycobacterium ulcerans, responsible for the extensive hypoalgesic skin lesions characteristic of patients with Buruli ulcer. A recent pre-clinical study proposed that mycolactone may produce analgesia via activation of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R). In contrast, AT2R antagonist EMA401 has shown analgesic efficacy in animal models and clinical trials for neuropathic pain. We therefore investigated the morphological and functional effects of mycolactone in cultured human and rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and the role of AT2R using EMA401. Primary sensory neurons were prepared from avulsed cervical human DRG and rat DRG; 24 h after plating, neurons were incubated for 24 to 96 h with synthetic mycolactone A/B, followed by immunostaining with antibodies to PGP9.5, Gap43, β tubulin, or Mitotracker dye staining. Acute functional effects were examined by measuring capsaicin responses with calcium imaging in DRG neuronal cultures treated with mycolactone. Results Morphological effects: Mycolactone-treated cultures showed dramatically reduced numbers of surviving neurons and non-neuronal cells, reduced Gap43 and β tubulin expression, degenerating neurites and reduced cell body diameter, compared with controls. Dose-related reduction of neurite length was observed in mycolactone-treated cultures. Mitochondria were distributed throughout the length of neurites and soma of control neurons, but clustered in the neurites and soma of mycolactone-treated neurons. Functional effects: Mycolactone-treated human and rat DRG neurons showed dose-related inhibition of capsaicin responses, which were reversed by calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine and phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-Methylxanthine, indicating involvement of cAMP/ATP reduction. The morphological and functional effects of mycolactone were not altered by Angiotensin II or AT2R antagonist EMA401. Conclusion Mycolactone induces toxic effects in DRG neurons, leading to impaired nociceptor function, neurite degeneration, and cell death, resembling the cutaneous hypoalgesia and nerve damage in individuals with M. Ulcerans infection.
Fibrous Dysplasia in the Calcaneus
Authors: Bartley Justin , Munroe Scott M. , Ward Russell A. 
Published: June 2016

Fibrous dysplasia in the calcaneus is extremely rare; the most common locations of monostotic fibrous dysplasia of extremity bones being the proximal femoral shaft, tibia, humerus, and radius. An extensive literature search has revealed only 3 case reports that have been published concerning this topic, the most recent published in 2003. This is a case report of fibrous dysplasia in the calcaneus of a young male, including a discussion of the classical presentation of fibrous dysplasia and how this case differed. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case study
Are Bone Bruise Characteristics and Articular Cartilage Pathology Associated with Inferior Outcomes 2 and 6 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?
Authors: Lattermann Christian , Jacobs Cale A. , Reinke Emily K. , Scaramuzza Erica A. , Huston Laura J. , Dunn Warren R. , Spindler Kurt P. 
Published: June 2016

Objective To determine (1) if bone bruise characteristics seen on magnetic resonance imaging are associated with patient-reported outcomes prior to and following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and (2) if the combined presence of bone bruises with articular cartilage pathology results in inferior 2- or 6-year outcomes. Design Bone bruise volume and severity were measured on 81 patients’ preoperative magnetic resonance imaging in the medial and lateral femoral condyle (MFC, LFC) and medial and lateral tibial plateau (MTP, LTP) using the Costa-Paz classification and a modified version of Roemer and Bohndorf’s technique. The relationships between bone bruise volume and severity with Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were assessed, and pre- and postoperative KOOS and IKDC scores were compared between those with bone bruises either with or without combined local articular cartilage pathology. Results All 81 patients had a bone bruise in at least 1 region and 70 (86%) had bone bruises in ≥2 regions. LTP bruises were the most common (76/81, 94%), followed by the LFC (66, 81%), MTP (46, 57%), and MFC (20, 25%). Neither bone bruise volume nor severity was associated with inferior postoperative outcomes. The subset of 17 patients with bone bruises and combined articular cartilage pathology were 3.4 times more likely to be symptomatic at 6-year follow-up than those without articular cartilage pathology ( P = 0.04). Conclusions The volume and severity of preoperative bone bruises alone were not associated with 2- or 6-year outcomes; however, bone bruises combined with local articular cartilage pathology appear to be more symptomatic after ACL reconstruction.
Surveillance of Bosniak IIF renal cysts: Rationalising follow-up policy
Authors: Raslan Mutie , Tolofari Sotonye K , Bromby Adam , Costa Diogo , Maddineni Satish B , Cowie Alistair , O’Dwyer Catherine , O’Flynn Kieran J 
Published: June 2016

Objectives: To assess the clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with Bosniak IIF renal cysts, in order to rationalise our surveillance policy. Patients and methods: We identified all patients diagnosed with a Bosniak IIF cyst between September 2011 and September 2014. Patient demographics, duration, frequency and modality of surveillance were recorded. Changes in the size, appearance or characteristics of the cyst(s) were recorded, as well as any subsequent surgery and histology. We also estimated the overall cost of imaging and follow up. Results: We identified 198 patients. The majority of IIF cysts were incidental findings (86.5%), with 56% of cysts > 3 cm at diagnosis. Median follow-up time was 27 months. We found that 98% of cysts were unchanged in their Bosniak score and 66% did not change in size. We followed up on 86 patients (43%) beyond two years: None had radiological progression. Four patients (2%) underwent partial nephrectomy secondary to radiological progression: One (0.5%) had histological malignancy. Features of malignancy were noticed in the first 24 months of the follow-up period. Conclusions: Radiological progression of Bosniak IIF cysts is low and progression to malignancy lower still, typically occurring within 24 months of diagnosis. Our data suggested that ceasing radiological follow-up surveillance after a minimum of two years of stable surveillance could be considered. Rational follow-up protocols for Bosniak IIF cysts would have significant cost-saving implications for the National Health Service (NHS) and alleviate pressure on radiology and urology services.
Synthetic tetracycline-controllable shRNA targeting long non-coding RNA HOXD-AS1 inhibits the progression of bladder cancer
Authors: Li Jianfa , Zhuang Chengle , Liu Yuchen , Chen Mingwei , Chen Yincong , Chen Zhicong , He Anbang , Lin Junhao , Zhan Yonghao , Liu Li , Xu Wen , Zhao Guoping , Guo Yinglu , Wu Hanwei , Cai Zhiming , Huang Weiren 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proved to act as key molecules in cancer development and progression. Dysregulation of lncRNAs is discovered in various tumor tissues and cancer cells where they can serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Long non-coding RNA HOXD-AS (HOXD cluster antisense RNA 1) has recently been identified to be involved in the development of several cancers including neuroblastoma, adenocarcinomas and breast cancer. However, the role of HOXD-AS1 in bladder cancer remains unknown.

Methods
The synthetic tetracycline-controllable shRNA was used to modulate the level of HOXD-AS1 by adding different concentrations of doxycycline (dox). RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression level of HOXD-AS1. Cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay and EdU incorporation experiment when HOXD-AS1 was knocked down. We used wound-healing assay for detecting the effect of HOXD-AS1 on cell migration. Eventually, cell apoptosis was determined by caspase 3 ELISA assay and flow cytometry assay.

Results
In this study, we found that the expression level of HOXD-AS1 was significantly increased in bladder cancer tissues and cells. Furthermore, high expression of HOXD-AS1 was significantly related to tumor size, histological grade and TNM stage. In vitro assays confirmed that knockdown of HOXD-AS1 suppressed cell proliferation/migration and increased the rate of apoptotic cell in bladder cancer cells. At last, we used the important element of synthetic biology, tetracycline(tet)-controllable switch, to construct tet-controllable shRNA vectors which can modulate the expression of HOXD-AS1 in a dosage-dependent manner.

Conclusions
Our research suggested that high expression of HOXD-AS1 may be involved in the bladder cancer carcinogenesis through inhibiting the phenotypes and activating endogenous cancer-related molecular pathways. Therefore, HOXD-AS1 may act as an oncogene and provide a potential attractive therapeutic target for bladder cancer. In addition, the synthetic tetracycline-controllable shRNA may provide a novel method for cancer research in vitro assays.