bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended Depth of Focus IOL Implantation in Patients with Previously Monofocal IOL Implantation in Contralateral Eye
Authors: Pershin К. B. , Pashinova N. F. , Tsygankov A. Iu. , Antonov E. A. , Kosova I. V. , Batalina L. V. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: to analysis the results of combined implantation of non-diffractive IOL with extended depth of focus and injector preloaded monofocal IOL.Patients and methods. 82 patients (164 eyes) after bilateral or combined implantation of AcrySof IQ Vivity (n = 72) and Clareon (n = 92) IOLs (Alcon, USA) with a mean follow-up of 6.2 ± 1.9 (6–8) months were included. 20 patients (40 eyes) with bilateral AcrySof IQ Vivity implantation formed group I, and 32 patients (64 eyes) with Clareon IOL implantation (n = 32) followed by Acrysof IQ Vivity implantation in the second (n = 32) formed group II. The comparison group (III) included 30 patients (60 eyes) with bilateral Clareon implantation. In group I, emmetropia was planned in the leading eye and myopia of 0.5–0.75 D in the nonleading eye; in groups II and III, emmetropia was planned in both eyes.Results. There was an increase in UCNVA from 0.29 ± 0.08 to 0.62 ± 0.14 in group I and from 0.22 ± 0.04 to 0.59 ± 0.11 in group II, UCIVA from 0.21 ± 0.08 in group I to 0.84 ± 0.18 in group II, UCDVA from 0.27 ± 0.09 to 0.92 ± 0.21 in group I and from 0.34 ± 0.10 to 0.89 ± 0.18 in group II during a maximum follow-up period of 6 months. There was an increase in BCNVA from 0.58 ± 0.04 to 0.68 ± 0.07 in group I and from 0.43 ± 0.04 to 0.64 ± 0.05 in group II, BCIVA from 0.55 ± 0.10 to 0, 91 ± 0.24 in group I and from 0.27 ± 0.04 to 0.7 ± 0.15 in group II, BCDVA — from 0.61 ± 0.12 to 1.0 ± 0.31 in group I and from 0.42 ± 0.09 to 0.9 ± 0.25 in group II. The differences between groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.1). In group III the values of UCDVA and UCIVA were significantly lower than in groups I and II (p < 0.05). Group I showed a decrease in spherical refractive equivalent from –2.50 ± 1.2 to –0.15 ± 0.59 in the follow-up period of 6 months, in group II — from –3.0 ± 1.2 to –0.25 ± 0.48, in group III from –1.75 ± 1.1 to –0.25 ± 0.41 (p > 0.1). When comparing the frequency of adverse optical phenomena between the groups, no significant differences were found (p > 0.1).Conclusion. For the first time in Russia, a comparative analysis of the results of EDOF and monofocal IOL implantation compared to bilateral EDOF IOL and monofocal IOL implantation in patients with presbyopia was performed. The absence of significant differences between the groups allows to justify the implantation of non-diffractive EDOF IOLs in paired eyes in patients with previously implanted monofocal IOLs who wish to reduce dependence on spectacle correction at intermediate and near distances.
Studying on Antifungal Activities of Streptomyces Isolated from Soil and Its Biocontrol Potential Against Fusarium of Chili’s Root Rot Disease
Authors: Nguyén Anh Dũng 
Published: October 2024

Seven Streptomyces strains from chili farm soil, including Strep-1, Strep-2, Strep-4, Strep-5, Strep-6, Strep-8, and Strep-10, were screened for their antifungal activities against Fusarium sp. of chili's root rot disease. The results showed that Streptomyces sp. Strep-4 and Streptomyces sp. Strep-8 performed potential abilities to control the pathogenic Fusarium of which means of antifungal efficacies were 43,88 ± 3,21% and 51,8 ± 2,54%, in turn. Extensive researches on the effects of inoculum factors on antifungal activity of Streptomyces sp. Strep-8 resulted that this strain spontaneously synthesized the antifungal compounds to control Fusarium in the culture condition with pH 7, 40oC of culture temperature, and 7 days of culture time. The results proved that Streptomyces sp. Strep-8 with its thermophilic ability not only provided significant inhibitory activity against pathogenic Fusarium sp. in vitro also promised to be a potential biological control agent to eliminate this fungus on fields. Moreover, using Streptomyces sp. Strep-8 as a biological control agent helps reduce the use of fungicides which contributes to boosting the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems worldwide.
Soekarno's Critique of the Fiqh Model in Traditional Pesantren
Authors: Kurniawan Syamsul , Fitriyani Feny Nida , Miftah Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

<p class="06IsiAbstrak">This article discusses the fiqh learning model of traditional pesantren which according to Soekarno is a very old-fashioned and does not follow the spirit of the times, tends to be shackling, dichotomous, and has not placed religion and science in a balanced position. As a result of the fiqh taught in traditional dichotomous pesantren, santri are less able to adapt to change. The reason is because they learn fiqh that tends to: one, limit it to matters relating to worship to God and how to build relationships with fellow humans only, while the outside of this is not a priority; two, not built on scientific reasoning; three, perspectives that are mostly rigid (black and white); and four, teaching patterns that tend to be indoctrination and anti-criticism. This article is important to reveal Soekarno's criticism of the fiqh model in traditional pesantren, which still exists today. This type of study is a literature study whose data is obtained from literature studies. This study also can be classified in the category of historical-factual studies, while in terms of its approach, this study is qualitative, while the method is descriptive-interpretative with content, language, and concept analysis models, especially to discuss what Soekarno criticised in relation to the fiqh model in traditional pesantren. </p>
High-Dose TXA Is Associated with Less Blood Loss Than Low-Dose TXA without Increased Complications in Patients with Complex Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Kim Andrew H. , Mo Kevin C. , Harris Andrew B. , Lafage Renaud , Neuman Brian J. , Hostin Richard A. , Soroceanu Alexandra , Kim Han Jo , Klineberg Eric O. , Gum Jeffrey L. , Gupta Munish C. , Hamilton D. Kojo , Schwab Frank , Burton Doug , Daniels Alan , Passias Peter G. , Hart Robert A. , Line Breton G. , Ames Christopher , Lafage Virginie , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Smith Justin S. , Bess Shay , Lenke Lawrence , Kebaish Khaled M. ,   on behalf of the International Spine Study Group
Published: October 2024

Background:
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is commonly utilized to reduce blood loss in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Despite its widespread use, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal dosing regimen. The aim of this study was to assess differences in blood loss and complications between high, medium, and low-dose TXA regimens among patients undergoing surgery for complex ASD.

Methods:
A multicenter database was retrospectively analyzed to identify 265 patients with complex ASD. Patients were separated into 3 groups by TXA regimen: (1) low dose (<20-mg/kg loading dose with ≤2-mg/kg/hr maintenance dose), (2) medium dose (20 to 50-mg/kg loading dose with 2 to 5-mg/kg/hr maintenance dose), and (3) high dose (>50-mg/kg loading dose with ≥5-mg/kg/hr maintenance dose). The measured outcomes included blood loss, complications, and red blood cell (RBC) units transfused intraoperatively and perioperatively. The multivariable analysis controlled for TXA dosing regimen, levels fused, operating room time, preoperative hemoglobin, 3-column osteotomy, and posterior interbody fusion.

Results:
The cohort was predominantly White (91.3%) and female (69.1%) and had a mean age of 61.6 years. Of the 265 patients, 54 (20.4%) received low-dose, 131 (49.4%) received medium-dose, and 80 (30.2%) received high-dose TXA. The median blood loss was 1,200 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 750 to 2,000). The median RBC units transfused intraoperatively was 1.0 (IQR, 0.0 to 2.0), and the median RBC units transfused perioperatively was 2.0 (IQR, 1.0 to 4.0). Compared with the high-dose group, the low-dose group had increased blood loss (by 513.0 mL; p = 0.022) as well as increased RBC units transfused intraoperatively (by 0.6 units; p < 0.001) and perioperatively (by 0.3 units; p = 0.024). The medium-dose group had increased blood loss (by 491.8 mL; p = 0.006) as well as increased RBC units transfused intraoperatively (by 0.7 units; p < 0.001) and perioperatively (by 0.5 units; p < 0.001) compared with the high-dose group.

Conclusions:
Patients with ASD who received high-dose intraoperative TXA had fewer RBC transfusions intraoperatively, fewer RBC transfusions perioperatively, and less blood loss than those who received low or medium-dose TXA, with no differences in the rates of seizure or thromboembolic complications.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Osteosarcoma and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in a Pediatric Patient with Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Sabzevari Soheil , Morris Carol D. , Hameed Meera R. , Prince Daniel E. 
Published: October 2024

Case:
Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer) is associated with extracolonic manifestations, but skeletal tumors are rare. Our patient, a 12-year-old boy with Lynch syndrome, developed osteosarcoma of the left femur. Treatment included cytotoxic chemotherapy, wide resection, and pembrolizumab. Two years later, he developed an aggressive lesion in the contralateral femur that was thought to be metastatic osteosarcoma but which histology revealed to be Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Conclusion:
This case underscores the importance of advanced testing in patients with osteosarcoma and poor response to chemotherapy, and of tissue sampling when patients with a primary malignancy develop new bone lesions.

Level of evidence:
IV
Unstable C2-3 Posterior Ligamentous Injury in a Pediatric Patient with Successful Nonoperative Treatment
Authors: Floyd Edward R. , Hardie Kyler A. , Menezes Arnold H. , Haft Geoffrey F. 
Published: October 2024

Case:
The authors present a case of a 6-year-old boy who was treated nonoperatively for an unstable C2-3 hyperflexion injury with posterior cervical ligamentous disruption 8 years ago. The patient was managed with cervical collar immobilization for 2.5 years with long-term follow-up demonstrating complete healing of posterior element disruption, normal sagittal vertebral alignment on dynamic imaging, and full return to activities of daily living and sports.

Conclusion:
Pediatric spine injuries up to the C2-3 level with posterior ligamentous disruption alone without neurological deficit may be successfully treated nonoperatively with careful long-term immobilization and close follow-up.
WITHDRAWN: The protective action of antioxidant and nitrogen fixation systems in soybean–Bradyrhizobium symbiosis under varying water conditions
Authors: Nyzhnyk Tetiana , Kiedrzyński Marcin , Kiedrzyńska Edyta , Kots Sergii , Zalewski Maciej 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Transcriptome signatures of the medial prefrontal cortex underlying GABAergic control of resilience to chronic stress exposure
Authors: Luscher Bernhard , Shao Meiyu , Banerjee Deepro , Girirajan Santhosh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Analyses of postmortem human brains and preclinical studies of rodents have identified somatostatin (SST)-positive interneurons as key elements that regulate the vulnerability to stress-related psychiatric disorders. Conversely, genetically induced disinhibition of SST neurons or brain region-specific chemogenetic activation of SST neurons in mice results in stress resilience. Here, we used RNA sequencing of mice with disinhibited SST neurons to characterize the transcriptome changes underlying GABAergic control of stress resilience. We found that stress resilience of male but not female mice with disinhibited SST neurons is characterized by resilience to chronic stress-induced transcriptome changes in the medial prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, the transcriptome of non-stressed stress-resilient male mice resembled the transcriptome of chronic stress-exposed stress-vulnerable mice. However, the behavior and the serum corticosterone levels of non-stressed stress-resilient mice showed no signs of physiological stress. Most strikingly, chronic stress exposure of stress-resilient mice was associated with an almost complete reversal of their chronic stress-like transcriptome signature, along with pathway changes indicating stress-induced enhancement of mRNA translation. Behaviorally, the mice with disinhibited SST neurons were not only resilient to chronic stress-induced anhedonia — they also showed an inversed anxiolytic-like response to chronic stress exposure that mirrored the chronic stress-induced reversal of the chronic stress-like transcriptome signature. We conclude that GABAergic dendritic inhibition by SST neurons exerts bidirectional control over behavioral vulnerability and resilience to chronic stress exposure that is mirrored in bidirectional changes in expression of putative stress resilience genes, through a sex-specific brain substrate.
Carbetocin versus Oxytocin in the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in caesarean section:A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study
Authors: Munazira Farah , Rahman Zarin , Lal Poonam , Ahmed Naaz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality. The prevention of PPH can be best done by active management of third stage of labour. Oxytocin is currently the uterotonic of choice.
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of Carbetocin 100 mcg intravenous and Oxytocin 10 IU intravenous infusion over 2 hours by measuring the total blood loss, need for additional uterotonic agents and need for blood transfusion. It is important to evaluate the efficacy of carbetocin compared to oxytocin in low income countries and especially in places where affordability of patients are a major concern.
Method: A prospective randomized comparative single blinded study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kurji Holy Family hospital, Patna, Bihar. Total 100 patients undergoing elective cesarean section fitting in the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated by sealed envelope system to either case study group A receiving Carbetocin 100 mcg intravenous and control study group B receiving Oxytocin 10 IU intravenous infusion. Three specific outcomes were measured: total blood loss, additional uterotonic use and the need for blood transfusion.
Results: In this study, Carbetocin was found to significantly reduce the total blood loss in comparison to oxytocin(p<0.0001), use of additional uterotonics was significantly less in Carbetocin group (p=0.023) , need for blood transfusion was less in Carbetocin group but not significantly (p=0.538).
Conclusion: Carbetocin has better efficacy in comparison to oxytocin in reducing the total blood loss, hence preventing PPH. The need for additional uterotonic agents is a less with Carbetocin use. The need for blood transfusion was also less with Carbetocin use but needs larger studies to be proved. Reduction in re-treatment , staffing requirements ,transfusion ,potential medication errors mitigate the higher index cost of Carbetocin. From a pharmacoeconomic perspective, in the context of cesarean section. Carbetocin may be cost-effective.
Giant-thermal-expansion martensitic alloys for ultrahigh-efficiency solid-state heat-pumping
Authors: Li Qiao , Deng Zhongzheng , Ahadi Aslan , Chu Kangjie , Yan Jie , Huang Kai , Hu Sixia , Ren Yang , He B.B. , Sun Qingping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Heating with less energy consumption and environmental impacts is a major challenge confronting the world. Solid-state heat-pumping using phase-transitional materials offer a promising green solution, but these materials′ coefficient of performance (COPmat) is only about 4 ~ 23, imposing an intrinsic restriction on the energy efficiency of developed devices. Here, we propose ultrahigh-efficiency heat-pumping via the reversible heat produced by anhysteretic linear elastic deformation of martensitic alloys. We discover that many of these alloys exhibit a large adiabatic temperature change (∆T_ad) when stressed along the crystallographic directions of intrinsic giant linear thermal expansion. Material-level heat-pumping through such thermoelastic effect is demonstrated using preferentially [100]-oriented Ti78Nb22 martensitic polycrystals, achieving a giant COPmat of 87 and a cyclically stable ∆T_ad of 5 K at 473 K. Our work opens a non-phase-transitional route towards energy-efficient solid-state heat-pumping.
Achieving Treatment Goals In Older Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Remarkable Insight
Authors: Yildirim Eda Çaliskan , Atag Elif , Semiz Huseyin Salih , Unal Olcun Umit , Uzun Mehmet , Aksoy Suleyman Ozkan , Durak Merih Guray , Karaoglu Aziz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is well-established for locally advanced breast cancer, even in the early stages, especially in HER2-positive and triple-negative cases. However, the effect of chronologic age on NAC response remains controversial. This study investigates the efficacy and outcomes of NAC in older patients with breast cancer, compared to a younger cohort, to address the current knowledge gap. 535 patients who received NAC followed by curative surgery from 2010 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. We evaluated breast and axillary downstaging, pathologic complete response (pCR), and post-treatment toxicities. Data were stratified by age, with patients aged 65 years and older representing the older group. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy was prevalent (97.6%) and favored younger patients who received a dose-dense anthracycline regimen (71.7% vs. 38.5%, p < 0.001). Surgical outcomes, breast and axillary downstaging, and the pathologic complete response showed no age-related differences. Grade 3–4 toxicity was higher in older patients (71% vs. 46.4%, p < 0.01). Older patients treated with NAC achieve comparable outcomes to younger patients, supporting personalized treatment. Chronologic age should not dictate treatment decisions, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluation for optimal geriatric patient care.
Activation of glial cells induces proinflammatory properties in brain capillary endothelial cells
Authors: Burkhart Annette , Helgudóttir Steinunn Sara , Mahamed Yahye A. , Fruergaard Mikkel B. , Holm-Jacobsen Julie N. , Haraldsdóttir Hulda , Dahl Sara E. , Pretzmann Freja , Routhe Lisa Greve , Lambertsen Kate , Moos Torben , Thomsen Maj Schneider 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), formed by brain endothelial cells (BECs) ensures a stable microenvironment inside the brain by regulating transport of blood-borne molecules to the brain. However, neurodegenerative diseases are often accompanied by neuroinflammation and BBB impairment mediated by activated glial cells through their release of proinflammatory cytokines. To study the effects of glial cells with respect to BECs activation, we aimed to develop an in vitro BBB model with inflammation by preactivating glial cells and subsequently studying their impact on BECs.
Methods
Primary mixed glial cells (MGCs) mainly containing astrocytes and microglia were lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated, after which the LPS-containing medium was removed. The glial cells were then co-cultured with differentiated, unstimulated primary mouse BECs in transwells meaning that the BECs were under influence solely from cytokines and other pro-inflammatory molecules released from the activated glial cells. The cytokine expression by MGCs and secretion to the culture medium were quantitated after LPS stimulation using qPCR and Meso Scale analysis. The effects of the inflammatory stimuli from MGCs on the BECs were then measured through changes in BBB integrity, evaluated by trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER), passive permeability and tight junction proteins alterations, and possibly altered expression of adhesion molecules. The effects of the indirect stimulation of the MGCs on BECs was further compared to the effects on BECs directly stimulated with LPS.
Results
LPS stimulation of MGCs significantly upregulated mRNA expression of interleukin 6, interleukin 1β, and tumor necrosis factor α and significantly increased the secretion of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g. IL-6, TNF-α, KC/ GRO (CXCL1) and IL-12p70. Proving that these cytokines influenced BECs, co-culturing BECs with pre-stimulated MGCs significantly affected the barrier integrity similar to direct stimulation with LPS of the BECs leading to lowering of TEER and increased permeability. Tight junction expression was unaltered, but with rearrangements of tight junction proteins. Expression of cell-adhesion molecules was significantly increased in BECs co-cultured with LPS-prestimulated MGCs when compared to that of directly stimulation with LPS.
Conclusion
Activating MGCs denotes a setting where glial cells influence and transform BECs into a proinflammatory phenotype .
The transition from a non-westernized to westernized gut microbiome in Indian-Immigrants and Indo-Canadians is associated with dietary acculturation
Authors: D’Aloisio Leah D. , Ballal Mamatha , Ghosh Sanjoy , Haskey Natasha , Abulizi Nijiati , Karimianghadim Ramin , Liu Chuyi , Sru Pacha , Nagarajan Lakshmipriya , Vasudevan Sudha , Shetty Vignesh , Purandare Mrudgandha , Bhaumik Ushasi , Howlader Debaki Ranjan , Pakpour Sepideh , Barnett Jacqueline , Gibson Deanna L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Indian immigration to westernized countries has surged in recent years, with this demographic facing a higher risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) after migration. Studying the gut microbiome is crucial to understanding the factors contributing to IBD, yet Indians remain underrepresented in microbiome research,
Objective: This study investigates the gut microbiome of Indians residing in India, Indian immigrants in Canada, and Canadians of Indian ancestry to understand the impact of westernization on their gut. Given the higher risk of IBD among Indo-Canadians, these results provide insight into how westernization of the gut microbiome may influence incidence of IBD. Stool samples were collected from healthy Indians in India, Indian Immigrants in Canada, Indo-Canadians, plus Canadian-borne individuals with European descent and Euro-Immigrants as non-Indian/westernized controls (N = 174). 16S rRNA gene and shotgun sequencing compared microbial taxa and functional profiles across groups. Dietary and demographic data were collected to assess lifestyle patterns.
Results: Indians and Indo-Immigrants had distinct gut microbiotas from westernized groups, with high abundances of Prevotella spp. and a CAZyme profile reflecting their traditional high complex carbohydrate diet. The Indian microbiome also showed characteristics of high bacterial cell turnover, pathogenic potential, and stress tolerance, indicating their gut may be better primed to handle stressors on the gut. Indo-Canadians displayed a transitional microbiome towards westernization, which followed a pattern of increasing dietary acculturation.
Conclusions: The shift from a non-westernized to westernized microbiome in Indo-Canadians highlights the significant influence that westernization and dietary acculturation has on the gut microbiome. Given that 44% of the Canadian population is made up of first- and second-generation immigrants and westernized practices are being adopted worldwide, future research should investigate the health implications that such microbiome transitions have on immigrant populations and newly industrialized nations.