bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for Developing and Validating a Multivariable Prediction Model to Individualize the Risk of Recurrence of Bipolar Disorder in the Perinatal Period
Authors: Dias M. Casanova , Jones I. , Di Florio A. , Jones L. , Craddock N. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionFor women with bipolar disorder, childbirth is a high-risk period with 40–50% experiencing a recurrence and 20% developing a severe episode of postpartum psychosis. Bipolar episodes in the perinatal period affect women and their families.Managing bipolar disorder in pregnancy and postpartum is a challenge. There is lack of literature to inform that and an urgent need for more data.ObjectivesTo develop and validate a risk prediction model for individual prognosis of the risk of recurrence of bipolar disorder for women in the perinatal period.AimsTo provide evidence-based information to help women and the clinicians that look after them make decisions about their care, taking into account the most recent scientific knowledge and their individual characteristics.MethodsThe development of the model will be done in retrospective data from a large clinical cohort from the Bipolar Disorder Research Network (BDRN.org). The validation will be done in a prospectively recruited sample.Participants will be 2181 parous women with a lifetime diagnosis of bipolar disorder from BDRN and 300 prospectively recruited pregnant women with a history of postpartum psychosis or bipolar disorder.Predictors will be chosen based on clinical experience and literature, from data collected via semi-structured interview (in pregnancy and 3 months postpartum, medical and psychiatric notes) e.g. medication, smoking, parity, obstetric complications and sleep.ResultsN/A.ConclusionsWe will present the full prediction model (regression coefficients and model intercept) and report performance measures (with CIs).We will discuss its potential clinical use and implications for future research.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Disturbed Sleep and Activity in Toddlers with Early Signs of ADHD
Authors: Bundgaard A.K. , Bilenberg N. , Asmussen J. , Vigeholm Stokbæk N. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAttention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) is a frequent psychiatric disorder present in childhood, where sleep-problems are a prominent, pervasive and clinically important feature. However, our understanding of whether sleep-problems mimic or exacerbate daytime ADHD-symptom expression remains insufficient.ObjectiveResearch examining sleep and daily activity in toddlers with early signs of ADHD might help identify early risk factors.AimsTo investigate whether disturbed sleep patterns and daily activity level is associated with early signs of ADHD in toddlers.MethodsTwenty-four toddlers from the Danish Odense Child Cohort scoring above the 93rd percentile on the ADHD scale of the Child Behaviour Checklist for ages 1½–5 were categorized as cases and compared to 25 age and gender-matched controls scoring below the 50th percentile. Daytime and nocturnal activity for 49 toddlers were assessed through seven days of actigraphy. Parents completed Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the ADHD Rating Scale IV Preschool Version (ADHD-RS).ResultsActigraphic data revealed an increased night-to-night variability, prolonged total sleep time, fewer sleep interruptions and fewer minutes in moderate-to-vigorous-physical activity (MVPA) in cases compared to controls. Increased night-to-night variability was found significantly associated with higher total scores on both the CSHQ and ADHD-RS. Further, fewer minutes in MVPA were associated with a higher parent-reported motor activity on the ADHD-RS.ConclusionFindings show that early signs of ADHD are associated with irregular sleep patterns and lower daytime activity, as illustrated by actigraphy. Studies investigating early ADHD risk factors could lead to a preschool ADHD risk index to help guide future early intervention.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Effect of Cognition Enhancement Program Using Toy-robot for Children
Authors: Shin M.S. , Jeon H.J. , Park J.R. , Lee J. , Shin H.W. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to verify the effect of Cognition Enhancement Program (CEP) using toy-robot for children aged 5–10 years. We thought that CEP using toy-robot might be a more kids-friendly method for improving cognitive ability than traditional programs. The enhancement of cognitive functions such as attention, response inhibition, memory, and working memory after the cognition training were the focus of the study.MethodsOne hundred and twenty children aged 5 to 10 were ramdomly assigned to 3 groups: (1) experimental group receiving CEP training using toy-robot, (2) control group receiving previously developed internet-based cognitive training, (3) waiting list. The children of experiment and control groups received individual 8 training sessions. The effect of the program was measured with Smart Toyweb's cognitive assessment tools we had developed (smart device based assessment) as well as traditional neuropsychological tests throughout 3 times (pre-training, post-training, and 1-month follow-up).ResultsThe training is in progress since it started in October 2016. We observed some of children on the CEP training tend to show improvement of cognitive function. The final assessment is planned for February 2017.ConclusionsThe CEP using toy-robot could be very promising and useful in that it is a non-invasive and non-pharmacological treatment for children with attention or memory problem in home and clinical settings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Association Between Time Spent on Computer Tablets and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Among Children from 3 to 12 Years Old
Authors: Alhadi A. , Abid O.A. , Alsuhaibani K.A. , Alshehri K.A. , Alowaisheq R.A. , Backer N.B. Al 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionADHD is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in children. The worldwide prevalence is estimated to be between 2–18%. The exact cause of ADHD is still unknown, but some factors have been found to increase the risk of having ADHD like increase TV exposure time and video games.ObjectivesTo study the association between time spent on computer tablets (iPads or Android tablets) by children and ADHD.MethodsThis cross sectional study targeted children from 3 to 12 years old who use computer tablets. Two non-random sampling techniques were used to distribute self-administered questionnaires to one of the caregivers of 275 children, 36 of them installed an application in their children's computer tablets that measures the actual time spent by the children. The questionnaire contains demographics, validated Arabic ADHD rating scale and questions to assess the parental attitude. The SPSS package was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe results showed that the overall prevalence of ADHD is 22.2% and it is higher in males. There is no statistically significant association between ADHD and all variables except for the time spent on computer tablets, which showed that children using computer tablets more than the average time have an increased chance of having ADHD with an odds ratio of 1.9 with 95% confidence interval from 1.08 to 3.40.ConclusionThis study shows an association between time spent on computer tablets by children and ADHD. There is need for longitudinal studies to demonstrate the temporality and to confirm the association.
Changes in Utilization of Psychiatric Hospital Facilities in Denmark by Patients Diagnosed with Schizophrenia from 1970 Through 2012: The Advent of ‘revolving Door’ Patients
Authors: Jeppesen R.M. , Christensen T. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe Danish psychiatric system has gone through several structural changes in the last four decades. The deinstitutionalization of the mental healthcare system was implemented in Denmark in the late 1970s with the intention of increasing outpatient treatment. One of the aims in the reorganization was to treat the patient in the local environment rather than during long-term hospitalization.ObjectivesThis study focuses on the changes in the utilization of hospital facilities for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.AimsThe aims of this study were to analyze the development of admission/readmission, bed days and occupancy rates over four decades (1970–2012) in Denmark in schizophrenia treatment using admission statistics for in-patients only.MethodsUsing register data from secondary healthcare treatment of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in Denmark 1970–2012, we analyzed the development in the use of hospital facilities.ResultsOur major finding was a 220% increase between 1970 and 2012 in the total number of hospital admissions due to schizophrenia each year, while at the same time the number of annual schizophrenia bed days was reduced by 76%. Furthermore, the readmission rate within a year after discharge with a diagnosis of schizophrenia reached 70% in 2012 compared to 51% in 1970. Finally, the total bed occupancy continued to rise over the four decades and has exceeded 100% in several years since 1999.ConclusionThe findings indicate that the reorganization of the Danish mental healthcare system has created a problem of “revolving door” schizophrenia patients’ who since the 1970s have been increasingly hospitalized but for shorter periods.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Predicting Antidepressant Response from Genes
Authors: Corfitsen H. , Drago A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPharmacogenetics may inform an accurate prescribing of antidepressants by identifying the genetic background specifically responding to a certain drug. Despite decades of efforts though, pharmacogenetics appears to be still in its infancy.AimA clearer understanding of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics events in combination with the genetic and epigenetic controls of cells and molecular cascade must inform the future of personalised medicine.ObjectivesTo systematically review the current cutting edge knowledge about pharmacognetics in the search for the next groundbreaking biological key events that may provide the keys to future treatments.MethodsThe major online databases are systematically searched with common keywords by two independent researchers and conflicting findings are solved during regular meetings dedicated to the topic in object. Manual searching of single bibliographies is also put in place.ResultsGenes belonging to the serotoningeric, dopaminergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic systems are classic candidates for pharmacogenetics whose role was not confirmed by GWAS analyses, which, on the other hand, identified genes related to molecular pathways not associated with direct target of drugs used for the treatment of depression.ConclusionBoth hypothesis driven candidate genetic investigations and GWAS analyses have been conducted so far, leading to the identification of a handful of potential good candidates, but the replication rate of the positive association findings lags behind expectations. The current knowledge about the pharmacodyncamic and pharmacokinetic genetic determinants of antidepressant response is critically analysed and new candidates are presented discussed.
A molecular Pathway Analysis Informs the Genetic Risk for Arrhythmia During Antipsychotic Treatment
Authors: Fischer E.K. , Dyrby Andersen H. , Braun Jepsen M. , Drago A. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundArrhythmia is a potentially fatal side effect of antipsychotics. A biologic predictive tool to prevent it is missing.AimIdentification of a genetic profile at risk for antipsychotic induced arrhythmia.ObjectiveIdentifying a molecular pathway enriched for antipsychotic induced QT-modifications.MethodsSeven hundred and sixty-five SKZ individuals, M = 556, age = 40.93 ± 11.03 were included. QT-variation was a phase-specific created variable. A nested mixed regression served in R for clinical and molecular pathway analyses. Plink served for genetic analyses. Quality checking was standard, inflation factor was controlled by lambda values.ResultsQuetiapine and Perphenazine were associated with QT variation (P = 0.002; Estimate = 5.79 and P = 5.67e-06; Estimate = 8.96 respectively). No other significant association was detected. No inflation was detected. Axon guidance and Collagen biosynthesis (Table 1) were associated with QT variation at a conservative (adjusted) P value < 0.01.ConclusionsTwo molecular pathways were identified as possibly involved in QT modifications during antispsychotic treatment in SKZ patients. Previous evidence supports a role of the same pathways in cardiac disorders [1,2]. Interaction of specific SNPs with the drugs will be focus of further research.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A molecular Pathway Analysis Stresses the Role of Inflammation Towards Cognition in Schizophrenia
Authors: Fischer E.K. , Holm C. , Christensen M. , Drago A. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundCognitive processes are impaired in Schizophrenia (SKZ). The nature of such impairment escapes definition.AimIdentification of a genetic profile at risk of cognitive impairment.ObjectIdentifying a molecular pathways enriched for mutations associated with cognitive impairment.MethodsSeven hundred and sixty-five individuals from the CATIE, M = 556, mean age = 40.93 ± 11.03 were included. Verbal memory was outcome. R and Plink served for the analyses. Inflation factor was controlled by lambda values. Input for the pathway analysis were SNPs associated with outcome (P < 0.05) genomewide.ResultsGender (male, P = 2.34e–05;t = –4.26) and years of education (P = 1.57e–03;t = 6.502) were associated with verbal memory. Inflammation and oxidation were associated with outcome (Table 1, adj_P < 0.01).ConclusionsBeing male and poorly educated were associated with poorer verbal memory. Inflammation and the arachidonic acid pathway were enriched in mutations associated with poorer verbal memory. This finding is in line with previous reports [1,2,3].
The Differential Cognitive Deficits Between Patients with Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease and Patients with Early Stage Vascular Dementia
Authors: Park J.H. , Kyung Min K. , Byoung Sun J. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe study aims to examine whether cognitive deficits are different between patients with early stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) and patients with early stage vascular dementia (VaD) using the Korean version of the CERAD neuropsychological battery (CERAD-K-N).MethodsPatients with early stage dementia, global Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) 0.5 or 1 were consecutively recruited among first visitors to a dementia clinic, 257 AD patients and 90 VaD patients completed the protocol of the Korean version of the CERAD clinical assessment battery. CERAD-K-N was administered for the comprehensive evaluation of the neuropsychological function.ResultsOf the total 347 participants, 257 (69.1%) were AD group (CDR 0.5 = 66.9%) and 90 (21.9%) were VaD group (CDR 0.5 = 40.0%). Patients with very mild AD showed poorer performances in Boston naming test (BNT) (P = 0.028), word list memory test (P < 0.001), word list recall test (P < 0.001) and word list recognition test (WLRcT) (P = 0.006) than very mild VaD after adjustment of T score of MMSE-KC. However, the performance of trail making A (TMA) was more impaired in VaD group than in AD group. The performance of WLRcT (P < 0.001) was the worst among neuropsychological tests within AD group, whereas TMA was performed worst within VaD group.ConclusionsPatients with early-stage AD have more cognitive deficits on memory and language while patients with early-stage VaD show worse cognitive function on attention/processing speed. In addition, as the first cognitive deficit, memory dysfunction comes in AD and deficit in attention/processing speed in VaD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Does Participation in the Meeting Centre Support Programme Change the Stigma Experienced by People with Dementia?
Authors: Szcześniak D. , Urbańska K. , Farina E. , Saibene F.L. , Chattat R. , Evans S. , Evans S. , Brooker D. , Orrell M. , Hendriks I. , Meiland F. , Dröes R.M. , Rymaszewska J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe Meeting Centre Support Programme (MCSP) is a community-based approach to support people living with dementia and their families. It was developed in the Netherlands and has been implemented in other European Countries (Italy, Poland and the UK) within the JPND-MEETINGDEM project.AimsTo assess the relationship between background characteristics of people with dementia participating in MCSP, mood, quality of life (QoL) and experienced stigma, and to explore if and how the experienced stigma changed after 6 months of participation in MCSP.MethodsA pretest (M1) post-test (M7) control group design with matched groups regarding severity of dementia was applied. In each country, a minimum of 25 participants using MCSP were compared with people with dementia receiving ‘usual care’. Data were collected with the Stigma Impact Scale, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, Global Deterioration Scale and two QoL scales (QoL-AD & DQoL). Differences in background characteristics were taken into account in the analyses.ResultsThe preliminary analysis on 116 participants at baseline shows that the level of stigma was low to moderate. People felt more socially rejected in the UK than in Poland and Italy. The level of perceived stigmatization appeared negatively correlated with QoL areas and positively correlated with negative mood. Changes after 6 months will be presented.ConclusionsIt is expected that after 6 months people living with dementia participating in MCSP will experience less stigma, as in contrast with usual care MCSP promotes social integration of people with dementia and person-centered support.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Assessment of renal function based on cystatin C in elderly with dementia
Authors: Zamfir M.V. , Talașman A.A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAssessment of renal function in elderly with dementia is a difficult clinical problem due to the high prevalence of malnutrition and creatinine limits as a marker of glomerular filtration in this context.ObjectivesTo assess the correlation between renal function and dementia diagnosis.AimsTo highlight differences between methods of assessment of renal function based on creatinine and cystatin C.MethodsCross-sectional study. Patients institutionalized at Bucharest City-Center of Socio-Medical Services (a nursing home) from 04/2014 to 11/2014 were included in the study. Dementia diagnosis was established by a psychiatrist. We determined serum creatinine by Jaffe method and serum cystatin C by nephelometry. Renal function was determined using several formulas based on serum creatinine/cystatin C: Cockcroft–Gault, MDRD, creatinine CKDEPI/cystatin/creatinine + cystatin, Berlin Initiative Study (BIS1, BIS2), Lund-Malmo LM-LBM. To highlight a link between dementia and renal function, we determined Spearman correlation coefficients.ResultsThirty-one patients were included in the study, mean age 78.6 (63–97) years, 64% women. The diagnosis of dementia (1 = positive, 0 = negative) had the following statistically significant correlations: CKDEPIcystatin: rho = –0.390, P = 0.015; CKDEPI creatinine-cystatin: rho = –0.332, P = 0.032; BIS2: rho = –0.346, P = 0.02. We did not find statistically significant correlations between the diagnosis of dementia and formulas for assessing renal function based on creatinine only.ConclusionsElderly patients with dementia present decreased kidney function as determined by formulas based on cystatin/cystatin + creatinine, but not on creatinine alone. Assessment of renal function using cystatin C might represent a useful method for detection of renal dysfunction in these patients and for proper dosage of medication.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Relationships between leisure time physical activity, physical fitness and mental health among young adult males
Authors: Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K. , Vaara J. , Mäkinen J. , Vasankari T. , Kyröläinen H. 
Published: June 2017

Physical activity has been seen as an important tool to prevent both physical and mental disorders like depression and anxiety. However, previous research has mainly focused on mental health problems rather than positive mental health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and physical fitness with mental distress and positive mental health. The study sample consisted of 792 men (mean age 26 years) who participated in the study prior their military refresher-training course. Cardio-respiratory and muscle fitness tests were measured, and LTPA, positive mental health (Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, SWEMWBS) and mental distress were assessed with a questionnaire. Analysis of variance and linear regressions were used as statistical methods. Younger age and lower military education were associated with mental distress, whereas older age and higher military education were inversely associated with high positive mental health (flourishing). Moreover, individuals reporting vigorous LTPA at least 1–2 times per week had lower level of mental distress and were more commonly experiencing flourishing compared to their less physically active counterparts. Physical fitness (both aerobic and muscular) was associated with lower mental distress, but not with flourishing. In conclusion, leisure time physical activity and physical fitness may contribute to mental health. The present results highlight that even low amount of leisure-time physical activity may promote mental health and prevent mental disorders. Leisure time physical activity, rather than physical fitness, seems to be more essential for positive mental health.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.