bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D and calcium deficiency in otolaryngological diseases
Authors: Upadhyay Animesh A. , Bhide Poorva P. 
Published: September 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A prospective study to observe the prevalence of deficiency of vitamin D and calcium in out patients of otolaryngology clinic at R.C.S.M Government medical college, Kolhapur, India. The patients attending outpatient of otolaryngology clinic with various complaints and not responding to conventional treatment were advised for assessment of vitamin D [25 (OH)D] level in blood.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The age, sex, occupation, chief complaints, obesity and provisional diagnosis was noted in all cases. A total of 86 patients were examined, maximum patients were in the age group of 7-15 years. The chief complaints in majority of the patients were sore throat with recurrent upper respiratory tract infection. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Only three patient’s vitamin D levels were found to be within normal limits. In rest 83 (96.51%) it was either deficient 57 (66.28%) or insufficient 21 (24.42%).</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The incidence of vitamin D deficiency is extremely common in ear, nose and throat disease (ENT) patients. The results of vitamin supplementation were promising in cases of pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) with asthma, post operation of chronic suppurative otitis media, empirical supplementation of vitamin D in all ENT patients not responding to conventional treatment is worth trying.
Effects of adenotonsillectomy on humoral immunity
Authors: Subramaniam Vijayalakshmi , Pai Vidya , Mazumdar Mehjooba Roushan 
Published: September 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Adenotonsillectomy is one of the commonest surgical procedures performed by the otolaryngologists. The immunological effects of adenotonsillectomy have not been studied extensively. Some researchers have found decreased immunoglobulin levels after adenotonsillectomy while others have not reported any significant changes. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in humoral immunity in patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy before and after surgery as measured by serum immunoglobulin levels.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study designed was a prospective observational case-control study conducted at Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka. A total of 25 patients in the age range 5-15years who underwent adenotonsillectomy for chronic adenotonsillitis and 25 age and sex matched controls participated in the study. Serum immunoglobulin G, A and M (IgG, IgA and IgM) levels were estimated 24 hours prior and 4 weeks after adenotonsillectomy. The statistical analysis used was non-parametric tests.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Serum levels of IgG, A and M were found to be significantly higher in patients with chronic adenotonsillitis. The levels of all the three immunoglobulins decreased to normal one month post-operatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Removal of infected tissue and chronic antigenic stimulation resulted in restoration of serum immunoglobulin levels to normal. While chronic adenotonsillitis contributed to changes in humoral immunity as reflected by higher serum immunoglobulin levels, adenotonsillectomy enabled restoration of the immunoglobulin levels to normal.</p>
Development of Animal Husbandry and Dairying in Second Five Year Plan (1956 to 1961)
Authors: Kumari Kusum 
Published: September 2016

<p><em>After independence in 1947, the Government of India started organized plan for the development of the country. Visible impact was not felt during the 1<sup>st</sup> plan period. Regular famine, division of country created a situation where supply of food to country men was a major problem before the Government. According during the second five year plan emphases was given on the development of agriculture and animal husbandry sectors. The second five year plan started in 1956. An outlay of Rs 56 crores was provided by the Government of India for development of animal husbandry and dairying. The object of animal husbandry programme was to supply milk, meat and eggs in order to balance the customary Indian diets and to provide bullock power for agricultural operations.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>In addition to by Products of agricultural food crops, residuesgrazing areas had been the main stay for cattle. Increase in the requirements of agriculture land for food production for the human population, development of industries road &amp; buildings grazing areas have steadily diminished. Cattle raising had to undergo a basic change in the sense that its future would depend on mixed farming system. Most of the fodder have to be grown on the holding of the farmers.</em></p>
Dispute Settlement Patterns on The Village Chief Election In Indonesia (Lumajang Regency)
Authors: Fauziyah Fauziyah , Praptianingsih Sri 
Published: September 2016

In the year of 2013, Lumajang Regency carries out 159 village chief election (Pilkades). There are 4 disputes of Pilkades, and all about voice counting result of Pilkades. Local Regulation No. 24 year 2006 and Local Regulation No. 6 year 2012 do not state any matter of dispute in village headman election and mechanism of solution, but Local Government Regulation determines Watchdog Committee in the level of sub-district and Team of Village Governance Issues Completion in the level of District. Watchdog committee conducts supervision by preventive and repressive act. Supervision is done through preventive act in the form of communications and socialization to the village officer, Village Consultative Council (BPD), and Pilkades Committee about the importance of honest, fair and democratic Pilkades. Meanwhile, supervision is conducted through repressive act by facilitating the parties if dispute happened. As the result, committee executes the monitoring well, proven from 159 Pilkades, there was only 4 disputes, three among others can be resolved in non litigation process. Existence of Watchdog Committee is supported by the availability of budget coming from help of region budget (APBD) that is packed into village budget (APBDes), Rp.2.000.000 for every Pilkades.
Sero-Surveillance of Brucellosis in Cattle of Chitwan District, Nepal
Authors: Subedi Sabita , Prajapati Meera , Dhakal Bhojan 
Published: September 2016

A cross sectional study was conducted in Eastern and Western parts of Chitwan district from November 2015 to April, 2016 in two parts, the social study followed by biological to determine and compare the prevalence, distribution of antibodies, and level of awareness of farmers against Brucella abortus in cattle of the two regions of same district. Altogether blood samples of 92 cattle were taken for detection of Brucella antibodies by using RBPT test and the positive samples were further retested by Indirect ELISA test through ID Vet iELISA kit 2016. The samples which showed positive on both tests were confirmed as seropositive. Chi -square test and Fisher Exact test was used to find out the association between various variables. The result showed that 14.13% (13/92) and 10.86% (10/92) sample were positive by RBPT and iELISA test respectively. There was no significant prevalence differences (p>0.05) on location, age group, breed type, and method of service (artificial and natural) used in cattle. Comparing abortion with prevalence of Brucellosis, there was significant differences (p<0.05) in the result of both RBPT and iELISA test. Inferring from this result, there is association between the abortion and occurrence of Brucellosis. The higher significant prevalence differences (p<0.01) was according to the time of abortion where higher seropositivity was obtained in the cattle aborted on 5-7th month of pregnancy and cattle of 3rd parity. The study showed the existence of Brucellosis in Chitwan district with no adoption of any preventive measures against this disease, so here is current need of the strategies for its prevention and control in order to mitigate such overwhelming situation.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 365-371
Development of Formative Capstone Simulations to Prepare Novice Students for Initial Clinical Practicum
Authors: Ross Jennifer Gunberg , Bruderle Elizabeth , Meakim Colleen H. , Willens Joyce S. , Holmwood Joyce A. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Nursing students often describe initial clinical experiences as extremely anxiety producing. Anxiety can decrease performance ability and, consequently, increase the risk for patient harm. Strategies to decrease this anxiety related to clinical experiences are limited within the nursing education literature.

Method:
Faculty in a 4-year baccalaureate nursing program developed and implemented formative capstone simulation scenarios with standardized patients, integrating therapeutic communication, essential patient care skills, and clinical reasoning for novice nursing students prior to their entry into their first clinical practicum. This article discusses the rationale, development, and implementation of these formative capstone simulation scenarios.

Results:
Anecdotal student and faculty comments related to the formative capstone simulation scenarios were positive.

Conclusions:

Formative capstone simulation scenarios offer a method to prepare novice students for initial clinical practicum that is well received. Research is needed to formally examine the relationship between formative capstone simulation scenarios and student anxiety related to initial clinical practicum. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(10):587–589.]
Cokernels of Homomorphisms from Burnside Rings to Inverse Limits
Authors: Morimoto Masaharu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLet G be a finite group and let A(G) denote the Burnside ring of G. Then an inverse limit L(G) of the groups A(H) for proper subgroups H of G and a homomorphism res from A(G) to L(G) are obtained in a natural way. Let Q(G) denote the cokernel of res. For a prime p, let N(p) be the minimal normal subgroup of G such that the order of G/N(p) is a power of p, possibly 1. In this paper we prove that Q(G) is isomorphic to the cartesian product of the groups Q(G/N(p)), where p ranges over the primes dividing the order of G.
Le débat sur le style pastoral au xviiie siècle : Madame Deshoulières, modèle de l’élégiaque galant
Authors: Gladu Kim 
Published: September 2016

La querelle sur le genre pastoral, qui occupera la critique des années 1685 à 1730, suppose une entreprise de redéfinition générique selon laquelle les théoriciens chercheront de nouveaux modèles pouvant exemplifier la nouvelle pastorale française et galante qu’ils envisagent. C’est ainsi que la réception critique qu’on fera des oeuvres de Madame Deshoulières participera au développement d’un style champêtre moderne qui sera pleinement investi par les poètes de la fin du siècle. Dans cette optique, on verra s’affirmer un goût renouvelé pour l’élégie, genre généralement délaissé dans la première moitié du siècle, qui accompagnera cette fois la vogue en faveur d’une poésie sentimentaliste. Deux facteurs semblent alors avoir contribué à faire de Madame Deshoulières un modèle dans ce domaine : d’abord, elle constitue une figure marquante de ce passage du genre de l’élégie vers un mode élégiaque adossé à l’esthétique galante et rattaché à une promotion des genres mineurs ; ensuite, les qualités de naturel et de délicatesse qu’on accorde au style de la poétesse ont favorisé sa mise à profit dans le cadre d’une revalorisation de la sensibilité servant désormais de socle à la poésie pastorale en général et à l’élégie en particulier.
Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Elastographic Strain Ratio Measurements of Patellar and Achilles Tendons
Authors: Ağladıoğlu Kadir , Akkaya Nuray , Güngör Harun R. , Akkaya Semih , Ök Nusret , Özçakar Levent 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the sonographic and elastographic properties of patellar and Achilles tendons in smoking and nonsmoking otherwise healthy adults.MethodsWe conducted a level 3 case‐control analytical study. Smoking and nonsmoking volunteers (>18 years) without musculoskeletal system disorders were included in the study. Demographic characteristics and smoking habits (pack‐years) were recorded. Proximal, middle, and distal third thicknesses of the patellar and Achilles tendons were measured by B‐mode sonography. Strain ratio measurements of the same regions were measured by real‐time ultrasound elastography.ResultsA total of 69 participants (57 male and 12 female; mean age ± SD, 35.5 ± 7.8 years) were evaluated in the study. Smoking (n = 35) and nonsmoking (n = 34) groups had no significant differences in terms of age, body mass index, sex, and activity level (all P > .05). Proximal, middle, and distal thirds of the patellar and Achilles tendons were significantly thinner in the smoking group (all P < .05). Furthermore, strain ratio measurements in the same regions were significantly lower in the smoking group (all P< .05). Patellar tendon thicknesses and strain ratios had negative correlations with the smoking amount (all P < .05).ConclusionsThickness and strain ratio measurements of patellar and Achilles tendons were reduced (thinner and harder tendons) in smokers. Clinical implications of these morphologic and elastographic changes should be investigated in future studies.
Assessment of crosslink network and network defects of unfilled and filled ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer using solid state nuclear magnetic relaxation spectroscopy
Authors: Saleesung Thanisararat , Saeoui Pongdhorn , Sirisinha Chakrit 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTReinforced rubbers are complex compared to unfilled systems. There are differences in the mechanisms affecting network molecular structure as well as properties of the rubber materials. In this article investigation of crosslink network and untied network defects on a molecular level of unfilled and carbon black filled ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer was carried out using proton solid‐state double‐quantum NMR spectroscopy. The results show that the filled system demonstrates lower cure efficiency in conjunction with more noncoupled network defects than the unfilled one. In addition, the filled system yields the greater spatial heterogeneity because of the localization of the free radicals at the rubber–filler boundary. These strongly influence the mechanical properties of the filled rubber. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44224.
Biodegradation of PHBV/GNS nanocomposites by Penicillium funiculosum
Authors: Stieven Montagna Larissa , Amaral Montanheiro Thaís Larissa do , Chiodi Borges Aline , Yumi Koga‐Ito Cristiane , Paula Lemes Ana , Cerqueira Rezende Mirabel 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTBiodegradable polymer nanocomposites are an essential alternative to minimize the generation of polymeric solid waste that shows short shelf life and difficult degradation. In this study, nanocomposites based on poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were prepared by the incorporation of different contents, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 wt % of graphite nanosheets (GNS), using a solution casting method. The investigation of the PHBV samples biodegradation was made using filamentous fungi (Penicillium funiculosum) in solid medium. Characterization of the material was performed by weight loss, differential scanning calorimetry, carbonyl index determined by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, roughness, and scanning electron microscopy. Results revealed that PHBV/GNS nanocomposites can be totally degraded in the presence of Penicillium funiculosum; however, it will be necessary high incubation period. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44234.
Adsorption of methylene blue onto powdered activated carbon immobilized in a carboxymethyl sago pulp hydrogel
Authors: Dahlan Nuraina Anisa , Ng Si Ling , Pushpamalar Janarthanan 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe potential of crosslinked carboxymethyl sago pulp (CMSP) beads immobilized with powdered activated carbon (PAC) as an adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) adsorption was investigated. The finely powdered PAC had an excellent adsorption capacity for MB but was disadvantageous for the separation process from treated effluents. To ease the separation process, the CMSP medium could be advantageous for the process by acting an immobilizing medium for PAC. The MB adsorption reached equilibrium at the 14th hour, and further adsorption was studied to determine the effects of the CMSP concentration, PAC dosage, and pH. Different CMSP concentrations in the preparation of CMSP–PAC beads showed no significant differences; this proved that CMSP–PAC adsorbed more MB than CMSP did. The MB adsorption increased with increasing PAC concentration, whereas the CMSP–PAC beads disintegrated at pH 11.5. In the equilibrium study, the Langmuir isotherm fit well into the experimental data with a linear correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9837 and a maximum adsorption capacity of 250 mg/g. The kinetic study showed that pseudo‐second‐order kinetics accommodated the experimental data well with an R2 value of 0.9512 and a pseudo‐second‐order rate constant value of 3.61 × 10−3 min−1. The crosslinked CMSP–PAC beads have the potential to remove MB dye, and this could be exploited as an alternative to treating colored dye effluents produced by industries such as the textile, printing, and cosmetics industries. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44271.
Evaluating one's own practice whilst training: A systematic case study design in a further education setting
Authors: Noble Julia 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundResearch suggests using formal outcome assessment can provide additional validation for clinical judgement and aid practitioners in providing a better service for their clients; however, very few articles have been published by psychologists evaluating their own practice. As part of the values of a reflexive practitioner, it is important to evaluate practice systematically to inform future work.AimThis practitioner case study looks at the effect of therapy on client reported functioning, psychological distress and ratings of the therapeutic alliance using short standardised outcome measures (ORS, CORE‐10 and SRS).MethodologyThe participants were 13 clients in a higher education college during a 12‐month trainee counselling psychologist's placement.FindingsThere was an improvement in overall functioning (ORS) and rating of therapeutic alliance (SRS) (p < 0.05) with average scores moving from clinical to normal ranges from beginning to end of therapy. There was no therapeutic effect on CORE‐10. The effect sizes, d = 0.52 (ORS) and d = 0.32 (SRS), were beyond levels expected by natural recovery, in comparison with a waitlist effect size from previous research (d = 0.24).ImplicationsThis case study suggests helping profession trainees can have a positive impact on their clients even in the very early stages of their therapeutic career. A consideration of whether a quantitative case study should be an essential part of training is discussed, alongside the limitations of these findings and potential ethical dilemmas which might arise from case studies of this nature.
Root exudate cocktails: the link between plant diversity and soil microorganisms?
Authors: Steinauer Katja , Chatzinotas Antonis , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHigher plant diversity is often associated with higher soil microbial biomass and diversity, which is assumed to be partly due to elevated root exudate diversity. However, there is little experimental evidence that diversity of root exudates shapes soil microbial communities. We tested whether higher root exudate diversity enhances soil microbial biomass and diversity in a plant diversity gradient, thereby negating significant plant diversity effects on soil microbial properties. We set up plant monocultures and two‐ and three‐species mixtures in microcosms using functionally dissimilar plants and soil of a grassland biodiversity experiment in Germany. Artificial exudate cocktails were added by combining the most common sugars, organic acids, and amino acids found in root exudates. We applied four different exudate cocktails: two exudate diversity levels (low‐ and high‐diversity) and two nutrient‐enriched levels (carbon‐ and nitrogen‐enriched), and a control with water only. Soil microorganisms were more carbon‐ than nitrogen‐limited. Cultivation‐independent fingerprinting analysis revealed significantly different soil microbial communities among exudate diversity treatments. Most notably and according to our hypothesis, adding diverse exudate cocktails negated the significant plant diversity effect on soil microbial properties. Our findings provide the first experimental evidence that root exudate diversity is a crucial link between plant diversity and soil microorganisms.
Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of Hip Fractures and Non-Skeletal Fall Injuries in the Elderly: A Study From the Fractures and Fall Injuries in the Elderly Cohort (FRAILCO)
Authors: Wallander Märit , Axelsson Kristian F , Nilsson Anna G , Lundh Dan , Lorentzon Mattias 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Questions remain about whether the increased risk of fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is related mainly to increased risk of falling or to bone-specific properties. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the risk of hip fractures and non-skeletal fall injuries in older men and women with and without T2DM. We included 429,313 individuals (aged 80.8 ± 8.2 years [mean ± SD], 58% women) from the Swedish registry “Senior Alert” and linked the data to several nationwide registers. We identified 79,159 individuals with T2DM (45% with insulin [T2DM-I], 41% with oral antidiabetics [T2DM-O], and 14% with no antidiabetic treatment [T2DM-none]) and 343,603 individuals without diabetes. During a follow-up of approximately 670,000 person-years, we identified in total 36,132 fractures (15,572 hip fractures) and 20,019 non-skeletal fall injuries. In multivariable Cox regression models where the reference group was patients without diabetes and the outcome was hip fracture, T2DM-I was associated with increased risk (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) [95% CI] 1.24 [1.16–1.32]), T2DM-O with unaffected risk (1.03 [0.97–1.11]), and T2DM-none with reduced risk (0.88 [0.79–0.98]). Both the diagnosis of T2DM-I (1.22 [1.16–1.29]) and T2DM-O (1.12 [1.06–1.18]) but not T2DM-none (1.07 [0.98–1.16]) predicted non-skeletal fall injury. The same pattern was found regarding other fractures (any, upper arm, ankle, and major osteoporotic fracture) but not for wrist fracture. Subset analyses revealed that in men, the risk of hip fracture was only increased in those with T2DM-I, but in women, both the diagnosis of T2DM-O and T2DM-I were related to increased hip fracture risk. In conclusion, the risk of fractures differs substantially among patients with T2DM and an increased risk of hip fracture was primarily found in insulin-treated patients, whereas the risk of non-skeletal fall injury was consistently increased in T2DM with any diabetes medication. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.