bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Transgenic Rat for Specifically Inhibiting Adult Neurogenesis
Authors: Snyder Jason S. , Grigereit Laura , Russo Alexandra , Seib Désirée R. , Brewer Michelle , Pickel James , Cameron Heather A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe growth of research on adult neurogenesis and the development of new models and tools have greatly advanced our understanding of the function of newborn neurons in recent years. However, there are still significant limitations in the ability to identify the functions of adult neurogenesis in available models. Here we report a transgenic rat (TK rat) that expresses herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase in GFAP+ cells. Upon treating TK rats with the antiviral drug valganciclovir, granule cell neurogenesis can be completely inhibited in adulthood, in both the hippocampus and olfactory bulb. Interestingly, neurogenesis in the glomerular and external plexiform layers of the olfactory bulb was only partially inhibited, suggesting that some adult-born neurons in these regions derive from a distinct precursor population that does not express GFAP. Within the hippocampus, blockade of neurogenesis was rapid and nearly complete within 1 week of starting treatment. Preliminary behavioral analyses indicate that general anxiety levels and patterns of exploration are generally unaffected in neurogenesis-deficient rats. However, neurogenesis-deficient TK rats showed reduced sucrose preference, suggesting deficits in reward-related behaviors. We expect that TK rats will facilitate structural, physiological, and behavioral studies that complement those possible in existing models, broadly enhancing understanding of the function of adult neurogenesis.
Spontaneous resolution of avascular necrosis of femoral heads following cure of Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Pazderska A , Crowther S , Govender P , Conlon K C , Sherlock M , Gibney J 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a rare presenting feature of endogenous hypercortisolism. If left untreated, complete collapse of the femoral head may ensue, necessitating hip replacement in up to 70% of patients. The majority of the described patients with AVN due to endogenous hypercortisolaemia required surgical intervention. A 36-year-old female, investigated for right leg pain, reported rapid weight gain, bruising and secondary amenorrhoea. She had abdominal adiposity with violaceous striae, facial plethora and hirsutism, atrophic skin, ecchymosis and proximal myopathy. Investigations confirmed cortisol excess (cortisol following low-dose 48h dexamethasone suppression test 807nmol/L; 24h urinary free cortisol 1443nmol (normal<290nmol)). Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) was <5.0pg/mL. CT demonstrated subtle left adrenal gland hypertrophy. Hypercortisolaemia persisted after left adrenalectomy. Histology revealed primary pigmented micronodular adrenal disease. Post-operatively, right leg pain worsened and left leg pain developed, affecting mobility. MRI showed bilateral femoral head AVN. She underwent right adrenalectomy and steroid replacement was commenced. Four months after surgery, leg pain had resolved and mobility was normal. Repeat MRI showed marked improvement of radiological abnormalities in both femoral heads, consistent with spontaneous healing of AVN. We report a case of Cushing’s syndrome due to primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease, presenting with symptomatic AVN of both hips. This was managed conservatively from an orthopaedic perspective. Following cure of hypercortisolaemia, the patient experienced excellent recovery and remains symptom free 4 years after adrenalectomy. This is the first report of a favourable outcome over long-term follow-up of a patient with bilateral AVN of the hip, which reversed with treatment of endogenous hypercortisolaemia.

Learning points

AVN of femoral head can be a presenting feature of hypercortisolism, both endogenous and exogenous.
Rarely, treatment of hypercortisolaemia can reverse AVN without the need for orthopaedic intervention.
Primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease is a rare cause of ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome.
A Novel Strategy for Exploitation of Host RNase E Activity by a Marine Cyanophage
Authors: Stazic Damir , Pekarski Irena , Kopf Matthias , Lindell Debbie , Steglich Claudia 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that infection of Prochlorococcus MED4 by the cyanophage P-SSP7 leads to increased transcript levels of host endoribonuclease (RNase) E. However, it has remained enigmatic whether this is part of a host defense mechanism to degrade phage messenger RNA (mRNA) or whether this single-strand RNA-specific RNase is utilized by the phage. Here we describe a hitherto unknown means through which this cyanophage increases expression of RNase E during phage infection and concomitantly protects its own RNA from degradation. We identified two functionally different RNase E mRNA variants, one of which is significantly induced during phage infection. This transcript lacks the 5′ UTR, is considerably more stable than the other transcript, and is likely responsible for increased RNase E protein levels during infection. Furthermore, selective enrichment and in vivo analysis of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) during infection revealed that phage antisense RNAs (asRNAs) sequester complementary mRNAs to form dsRNAs, such that the phage protein-coding transcriptome is nearly completely covered by asRNAs. In contrast, the host protein-coding transcriptome is only partially covered by asRNAs. These data suggest that P-SSP7 orchestrates degradation of host RNA by increasing RNase E expression while masking its own transcriptome from RNase E degradation in dsRNA complexes. We propose that this combination of strategies contributes significantly to phage progeny production.
What Do We Mean When We Say, “Structural Racism”? A Walk down West Florissant Avenue, Ferguson, Missouri
Authors: Johnson Walter 
Published: May 2016

Walter Benjamin describes the concept of “presence of mind” as a way of thinking about and being in time that is at once, historical, prophetic, and actively engaged in the fullness of the moment. Its achievement is a bodily art as much as a mental one; it is the sort of understanding that comes from walking down the street.The street I want to walk along today is West Florissant Avenue, in Ferguson, Missouri. There on August 4, 2014, Emerson Electric announced third-quarter sales of $6.3 billion, down about 1 percent from the second quarter, but undergirded by a record backlog of orders. A quarter mile to the northeast, five days later, Officer Darren Wilson killed Michael Brown. While the distance between the spot on Canfield Drive where Michael Brown died and the corporate headquarters of Emerson Electric is so small that the shots fired by Officer Wilson must have been audible in the company lunchroom, I do not want to draw too direct a line between them. I do not want to suggest that Emerson Electric is responsible for the murder of Michael Brown, at least not according to any conventional understanding of responsibility in our society. I do, however, want to use the proximity of Emerson’s corporate headquarters and the shooting of Michael Brown to suggest something about the framing determinants of historical events: ways the relationship between the past and the future is hedged in, limited, perhaps even determined by past histories and the habits of mind they support. After explaining what I mean on a fairly abstract level, with reference to the long history of the United States, I narrow the aperture a bit to think about the history of racism and real estate, of white supremacy and wealth, of structural racism with particular attention to the history of twentieth-century Saint Louis. I then, finally, return to Ferguson, the recent past, and the notion of “presence of mind.”
Identification and distribution of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum) in Cundinamarca (Colombia)
Authors: Ángel D. Jorge E. , Martínez H. Julián , Santamaria G. Mikol , Parada P. Sandra , Ebratt R. Everth 
Published: May 2016

The main purpose of this study was to determine the presence, distribution and characterization of whiteflies in thirteen tomato-crop producing municipalities in Cundinamarca (Colombia). Immature stages were collected and taken to the laboratory until adults emerged in order to establish their taxonomic identification. The mitochondrial regions were amplified with specific primers, which allowed for the allocation of biotypes in Bemisia tabaci. Genetic similarity analysis was performed in Trialeurodes vaporariorum using RAPD and phylogenetic analysis of the gene sequences mtCOI. The presence of T. vapo- rariorum was established in 100% of the municipalities visited and B. tabaci biotype B was detected in 32%, coexisting with T. vaporariorum. A wide distribution of T. vaporariorum was determined between 653 and 2,680 m a.s.l. B. tabaci was found between 653 and 1,940 m a.s.l distributed in four municipalities in the Sumapaz, lower Magdalena, and Rio Negro provinces. The RAPD analysis established high genetic similarity between the T. vaporariorum insects. The phylogenetic analysis did not allow for the resolution of structured groups inside the analyzed T. vaporariorum samples.
Disseminated subcutaneous rhinosporidiosis masquerading soft tissue tumor: a rare presentation
Authors: Govindaraman Padmanaban K. , M. Senthilkumar , N. Arumugam , Arshad Abu A. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by <em>Rhinosporidium seeberi</em>. It primarily affects nasal cavity. Cutaneous manifestation of the disease is rare. Here we report a case of disseminated subcutaneous rhinosporidiosis, clinically and radiologically suspected to be a soft tissue tumor, which was diagnosed by FNAC and confirmed by histopathological examination. </p>
Orthodontic treatment need of adolescents in the island community of Haida Gwaii, Canada
Authors: Karim Asef , Aleksejuniene Jolanta , Yen Edwin H. K. , Brondani Mario , Kazanjian Arminée 
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need according to the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON) among schoolchildren of the island community of Haida Gwaii in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Two elementary and two high schools in Haida Gwaii were approached for census sampling. Out of 535 schoolchildren, 215 (90 boys and 125 girls) agreed to participate (40.2% response) in this cross-sectional epidemiological study. A trained examiner assessed orthodontic treatment need in children employing the ICON score and the ICON complexity grade. The mean age (N = 215) was 12.9 ± 2.8 years. Of the examined schoolchildren, 67% had Aboriginal ancestry (at least one Aboriginal parent). The mean ICON score (N = 215) was 43.5 ± 26.2. There were no statistically significant differences in ICON scores for gender (t test, p = 0.207), ethnicity (t tests: paternal ethnicity, p = 0.886 and maternal ethnicity, p = 0.389), or school (ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni adjustment, p = 0.317). Overall, 43.7% of the surveyed Haida Gwaii adolescents needed orthodontic treatment (ICON > 43). Based on the ICON complexity grade, 31% of the schoolchildren had moderate to very difficult malocclusions; therefore, specialty orthodontic services are recommended in this remote community.
The healing relationship in Indigenous patients' pain care: Influences of racial concordance and patient ethnic salience on healthcare providers' pain assessment
Authors: Johnson-Jennings Michelle , Tarraf Wassim , González Hector M. 
Published: May 2016

Indigenous persons suffer from among the highest rates of chronic pain in the United States. Using a relationship-centered medical decision-making framework, this study sought to examine the influence of Indigenous racial concordance and patient ethnic salience on providers’ assessment of pain. From May to October 2010, pre-identified healthcare providers working exclusively with Indigenous patients in the United States were randomly assigned an online clinical case vignette presenting an Indigenous patient reporting chronic lower back pain. A 2 × 2 analysis of variance, between-subjects design, was conducted with the predictor variables racial concordance and patient ethnic salience on the outcome measure of providers’ ratings of patient’s pain on a visual analogue scale. We found a significant interactional effect between racial concordance and patient ethnic salience on providers’ pain assessment ratings. Indigenous providers tended to rate the patient with higher Indigenous ethnic salience more congruently with the self-reported pain ratings, perhaps due to perceived similarities and lowered unconscious bias. This is the first known study to examine racial concordance of the healthcare provider and ethnic salience of the patient in pain care. This study informs healthcare provider practice and consideration of patients’ racial/cultural attributes and possible influence on assessment bias, which may be particularly relevant among Indigenous patients. More research is needed to identify specific interventions to improve cultural awareness and sensitivity for Indigenous persons who suffer from pain.
Лімфоцитарні кейлони-новий клас природних антиоксидантів
Authors: Garkava Kateryna 
Published: May 2016

Проведено аналіз біологічних властивостей лімфоцитарних нейлонів — регуляторів клітинної проліферації. Показано перспективність створення з них нових антиоксидантних препаратів для корекції та нормалізації імунологічної реакції організму в сучасних несприятливих екологічних умовах.
Вейвлет-алгоритм для визначення дефектів підшипників у газотурбінному двигуні
Authors: Enchev Sergiy , Tovkach Sergiy 
Published: May 2016

Розглянуто систему виявлення зароджуваних дефектів підшипників у газотурбінних двигунах за рахунок підвищення надійності та ремонтопридатності літака. Описано діагностичну систему підшипників газотурбінного двигуна, яка об'єднує інформацію з різних сучасних методів аналізу вібрації для досягнення надійного їх стану. Наведено обчислювальний алгоритм для визначення потужності коливання частоти і гармонік із використанням вейвлет-перетворення. Показано, що неперервне вейвлет-перетворення з використанням комплексного вейвлета Морле можливо застосовувати для виявлення гармонік, які подані в потужності сигналу. Алгоритм виявлення частоти розроблено з вейвлет-скалограм і хребтів. Зазначено, що необхідною умовою є розрізнення сусідніх частот. Запропоновано метод миттєвої частотної ідентифікації для визначення компонентів частот. Алгоритм на основі дискретного вейвлет-перетворення використано для зменшення шуму вейвлет-хребтів.
Hospitalization for Nipple Confusion
Authors: Praborini Asti , Purnamasari Hani , Munandar Agusnawati , Wulandari Ratih Ayu 
Published: May 2016

Background: The World Health Organization has encouraged all facilities providing maternity services and care for newborn infants to adopt the “10 steps” of successful breastfeeding. This includes not giving artificial teats to breastfeeding infants because they may cause nipple confusion. We present a multimodal hospitalization protocol for infants with nipple confusion, a multimodal relactation method that supports breastfeeding couplets.Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of hospitalization as an intervention for nipple confusion.Method: Data related to nipple confusion in patients hospitalized between January and December 2012 at Kemang Medical Care, Jakarta, Indonesia, was reviewed. Survival analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between infant age and intervention outcomes.Results: There were 58 cases of nipple confusion during the study period. Most subjects (96.6%) totally rejected breast contact. Forty-six cases (79.3%) used bottles because of tongue-tie. The length of hospitalization varied from 1 (56.9%) to 5 days (3.4%). Fifty-three cases (91.4%) were able to successfully breastfeed using our protocol. Younger babies had greater breastfeeding success.Conclusion: Hospitalization for nipple confusion with multimodal management is effective for treating nipple confusion. Tongue-tie can lead to difficulties in initiating breastfeeding, and early introduction to artificial teats can lead to nipple confusion. Early detection and treatment is desirable.
Clinical and Immunoinflammatory Evaluation of One‐Stage Full‐Mouth Ultrasonic Debridement as a Therapeutic Approach for Smokers With Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis: A Short‐Term Follow‐Up Study
Authors: De Genaro Modanese Danielle , Tiosso‐Tamburi Renato , Furletti de Goes Vivian Fernandes , de Cássia Bergamaschi Cristiane , Martinez Elizabeth Ferreira , Napimoga Marcelo Henrique , Peruzzo Daiane Cristina 
Published: May 2016

Background: This study aims to evaluate the effect of one‐stage full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement (OSFMUD) on clinical and immunoinflammatory parameters in smokers with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP).Methods: Fourteen smoking and 14 non‐smoking patients with GAgP were selected. After initial supragingival therapy, patients were treated by OSFMUD. Full‐mouth parameters evaluated were: 1) plaque index (PI); 2) bleeding scores (BS); 3) probing depth (PD); and 4) clinical attachment level (CAL). Clinical evaluation was performed, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected for selected sites (ss) at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months. GCF was analyzed via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for: 1) receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κ B ligand (RANKL); 2) osteoprotegerin (OPG); 3) interleukin (IL)‐6; and 4) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, whereas secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T‐cells (SOFAT) was evaluated by Western blotting.Results: Significant reduction (P <0.05) was observed between baseline and 6 months for: 1) PI; 2) BS; and 3) PD, with no difference between smoking and non‐smoking patients (P >0.05). Regarding CAL, only non‐smoking patients showed a significant decrease (P <0.05). Significant reduction (P <0.05) was observed in both groups for: 1) PIss; 2) PDss; 3) bleeding on probing; and 4) relative CAL. Smoking and non‐smoking patients presented significantly decreased levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α over time (P <0.05); however, no difference was observed between groups (P >0.05). RANKL was significantly different (P <0.05) only for non‐smokers at 6 months, whereas OPG was not significant (P >0.05). SOFAT expression was significantly lower (P <0.05) after OSFMUD for non‐smokers only.Conclusion: Considering the clinical and immunoinflammatory parameters evaluated in this short‐term follow‐up study, it can be concluded that OSFMUD can be used as an alternative treatment for smokers with GAgP.
Apple‐ and Hop‐Polyphenols Inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis‐Mediated Precursor of Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9 Activation and Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Inaba Hiroaki , Tagashira Motoyuki , Kanda Tomomasa , Murakami Yukitaka , Amano Atsuo , Matsumoto‐Nakano Michiyo 
Published: May 2016

Background: Recent epidemiologic studies have revealed a significant association between periodontitis and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Furthermore, periodontitis is markedly associated with orodigestive cancer mortality, whereas Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) infection has been identified as a specific and potentially independent microbial factor related to increased risk of orodigestive cancer death. The authors previously reported that Pg induced the precursor form of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (proMMP‐9) production via proteinase‐activated receptor (PAR)‐related pathways, after which proMMP‐9 was activated by gingipains to enhance cellular invasion of SAS cells. In the present study, effects of selected polyphenols as inhibitors of cellular invasion caused by Pg gingipains in SAS cells are examined.Methods: OSCC cells were infected with Pg strains including gingipain mutants. To evaluate effects of inhibitors: 1) apple polyphenol (AP); 2) hop bract polyphenol (HBP); 3) high‐molecular‐weight fractions of HBP (HMW‐HBP); 4) low‐molecular‐weight fractions of HBP (LMW‐HBP); 5) epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg); 6) KYT‐1 (Arg‐gingipain inhibitor); and KYT‐36 (Lys‐gingipain inhibitor) in combination are used. PAR2 and PAR4 mRNA expressions are examined using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and signaling pathways are evaluated by western blotting analysis.Results: KYT‐1/KYT‐36, AP, HBP, and HMW‐HBP significantly inhibited PAR2 and PAR4 mRNA expressions, proMMP‐9 activation, and cellular invasion. Furthermore, AP, HBP, and HMW‐HBP reduced activation of heat shock protein 27 and Ets1 and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor‐kappa B, whereas EGCg and LMW‐HBP did not.Conclusion: These results suggest that AP, HBP, HMW‐HBP are potent inhibitors of proMMP‐9 activation and cellular invasion mediated with Pg in OSCC cells.
Long‐Term Outcomes of Immediate Implant Placement Into Infected Sockets in Association With Immediate Loading: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , Piñas Laura , Alkhraisat Mohammad Hamdan 
Published: May 2016

Background: There is a paucity of studies examining long‐term outcomes of immediate loading of dental implants immediately placed into infected sites. This study aims to evaluate long‐term outcomes of immediate loading of postextraction implants placed in infected sites.Methods: Patients were selected if they had postextraction implants in the anterior maxilla that were inserted in the period from December 2006 to June 2015 and immediately loaded. Information collected about patients included: 1) demographic data; 2) implant details; 3) soft tissue stability; and 4) prosthodontics data. Marginal bone loss (BL) and implant and prosthesis survival rates were calculated.Results: Thirty patients (mean age: 56 years) had 43 implants immediately inserted into infected sites and immediately loaded. Implants were inserted at torque ≥35 Ncm. Mean follow‐up time was 6 years (range: 1 to 8 years), and 65% of implants had a follow‐up time >5 years. No implant failure occurred, and implant success rate was 93%. Proximal BL was 1.42 mm (range: 0.21 to 5.61 mm). Three prosthetic complications (all fracture of veneer material) occurred.Conclusions: Immediate loading of implants inserted into fresh and infected extraction sockets is not a risk factor for implant survival. However, stability of peri‐implant soft and hard tissues indicates the need to take measures that minimize loss.
Socioeconomic and cultural features of consensual unions in Brazil
Authors: Covre-Sussai Maira 
Published: May 2016

Consensual unions are a well-known practice among the lower social strata in Latin America. However, this type of union is increasing in the region, among higher educated groups and in countries where they were never widespread, such as in Brazil. This study uses couples’ data from the demographic census available at IPUMS (N=193,689) to identify the socioeconomic and cultural features of consensual unions in Brazil. The effects of women’s education, couple’s income, children, and religion on nuptial behavior are analyzed. Utilizing logistic multilevel analysis, special attention is paid to the effect of differences in the cultural environment of states in the five major regions in which these unions occur. Results indicate that socioeconomic factors affect the incidence of consensual unions in Brazil. Consensual unions are more common among lower income couples and less educated women, but are also found among the upper classes. Cultural diversity between Brazilian states is also reflected in nuptial behavior. Significant variance at the state level is partially explained by the ethnic composition of each state.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/S0102-309820160004