bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Endogenous FVIII Release following Strenuous Exercise in Non-severe Haemophilia: A Review
Authors: Venema C.L. , Schutgens R.E.G. , Fischer K. 
Published: December 2017

Introduction Non-severe haemophilia A is characterized by coagulation Factor VIII activity (FVIII:C) levels of 1 to 40 IU/dL. It has been reported that strenuous exercise increases the plasma FVIII:C in haemophilia A patients. This review highlights current knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms of endogenous FVIII release following strenuous exercise.
Methods A literature search was performed to include relevant studies with data on pathophysiological mechanisms of FVIII release following strenuous exercise in haemophilia.
Results The source of the released FVIII is most likely endothelial cells (ECs) from different vascular beds. ECs from human lung, lymph, heart, intestine, skin and pulmonary artery can release and even produce FVIII in response to activation by epinephrine. Ex vivo evidence suggests that FVIII is co-stored with von Willebrand factor in Weibel–Palade bodies in some forms of non-severe haemophilia. The β-adrenergic receptor pathway is involved in increased FVIII levels following strenuous exercise.
Conclusion The current available ex vivo and in vivo evidence suggests that endogenous FVIII is released by ECs from different vascular beds in response to epinephrine following strenuous exercise in patients with non-severe haemophilia.
Fifty Years since the 1967 Annexation of East Jerusalem: Israel, the United States, and the First United Nations Denunciation
Authors: Friesel Ofra 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIsrael’s annexation of East Jerusalem was condemned for the first time by the un one week after it took place in unga Resolution 2253. The United States chose to abstain rather than join the denunciation of Israel’s application of its domestic law to East Jerusalem. The claim I wish to make is that the us abstention did not spring from indifference to the question of sovereignty over East Jerusalem, as has previously been contested. The us perceived the Israeli move as contrary to international law, and an obstacle to the possibility of achieving a peaceful resolution to the conflict. Thus, the us abstention was in disregard of a un member state’s responsibility to ‘take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace’, and contributed to the failure of the un peaceful conflict resolution mechanism to achieve a peaceful resolution to the dispute over East Jerusalem.
Russophobia in DotA 2
Authors: Wagener Albin 
Published: December 2017

Online gaming has been a fascinating field of study for the last ten years, especially in the field of socialization (Kolo & Baur, 2004) or even language use and language learning (Thorne, Black & Sykes, 2009). It has become clear that gamers are able to perform processes of identification in completely new ways in these particular contexts, yet forums linked to specific games become a new source of metapragmatic or metadiscursive utterances. Through their experiences in the game, users make comments, assumptions and draw conclusions in order to ‘do identity’ and separate themselves from Others. The aim of this paper will be to analyse the discourses produced in a corpus of forum discussions linked to “DotA 2”, a popular MOBA (multiplayer online battle arena) game where players from every country of the world gather, which leads to specific forms of discrimination—especially towards Russian gamers. In order to analyse these discursive productions and their semantic and pragmatic impacts, we will use three different approaches in order to triangulate our results: a lexicometric analysis (Garric & Capdevielle-Mougnibas, 2009), the semantic study of argumentative possibilities (Galatanu, 2009) and the mobilization of the proximization model (Cap, 2010), in order to understand the semantic variations and dynamics that are at use when gamers publish discourses about Russian players. In particular, we wish to explore how these precise discourses about Russian players are drawing on pragmatics of common sense (Sarfati, 2011), insofar as they rely on prediscourses (Paveau, 2006) to maintain pragmatic effects which imply cognitive impacts on speakers (Maillat & Oswald, 2009) as well as on the interdiscourses at use (Garric & Longhi, 2013).
Convective-Scale Perturbation Growth across the Spectrum of Convective Regimes
Authors: Flack David L. A. , Gray Suzanne L. , Plant Robert S. , Lean Humphrey W. , Craig George C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Convection-permitting ensembles have led to improved forecasts of many atmospheric phenomena. However, to fully utilize these forecasts the dependence of predictability on synoptic conditions needs to be understood. In this study, convective regimes are diagnosed based on a convective time scale that identifies the degree to which convection is in equilibrium with the large-scale forcing. Six convective cases are examined in a convection-permitting ensemble constructed using the Met Office Unified Model. The ensemble members were generated using small-amplitude buoyancy perturbations added into the boundary layer, which can be considered to represent turbulent fluctuations close to the grid scale. Perturbation growth is shown to occur on different scales with an order of magnitude difference between the regimes [O(1) km for cases closer to nonequilibrium convection and O(10) km for cases closer to equilibrium convection]. This difference reflects the fact that cell locations are essentially random in the equilibrium events after the first 12 h of the forecast, indicating a more rapid upscale perturbation growth compared to the nonequilibrium events. Furthermore, large temporal variability is exhibited in all perturbation growth diagnostics for the nonequilibrium regime. Two boundary condition–driven cases are also considered and show similar characteristics to the nonequilibrium cases, implying that caution is needed to interpret the time scale when initiation is not within the domain. Further understanding of perturbation growth within the different regimes could lead to a better understanding of where ensemble design improvements can be made beyond increasing the model resolution and could improve interpretation of forecasts.
Ethnic density of regions and psychiatric disorders among ethnic minority individuals
Authors: Emerson Scott Daniel , Minh Anita , Guhn Martin 
Published: December 2017

Background: Ethnic minorities form an increasingly large proportion of Canada’s population. Living in areas of greater ethnic density may help protect mental health among ethnic minorities through psychosocial pathways such as accessibility to culturally appropriate provision of mental health care, less discrimination and a greater sense of belonging. Mood and anxiety disorders are common psychiatric disorders. Aim: This study examined whether ethnic density of regions was related to mood and anxiety disorders among ethnic minorities in Canada. Method: Responses by ethnic minority individuals to the 2011–2014 administrations of the Canadian Community Health Survey ( n =  33,201) were linked to health region ethnic density data. Multilevel logistic regression was employed to model the odds of having mood and/or anxiety disorders associated with increasing region-level ethnic density and to examine whether sense of community belonging helped explain variance in such associations. Analyses were adjusted for individual-level demographic factors as well as region-level socio-economic factors. Results: Higher ethnic density related to lower odds of mood and/or anxiety disorders for Canadian-born (but not foreign-born) ethnic minorities. Sense of community belonging did not help explain such associations, but independently related to lower odds of mood and/or anxiety disorders. These findings remained after adjusting for regional population density and after excluding (rural/remote) regions of very low ethnic density. Conclusion: Ethnic density of regions in Canada may be an important protective factor against mental illness among Canadian-born ethnic minorities. It is important to better understand how, and for which specific ethno-cultural groups, ethnic density may influence mental health.
Primary Surgery vs Radiotherapy for Early Stage Oral Cavity Cancer
Authors: Ellis Mark A. , Graboyes Evan M. , Wahlquist Amy E. , Neskey David M. , Kaczmar John M. , Schopper Heather K. , Sharma Anand K. , Morgan Patrick F. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Day Terry A. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to determine the effect of primary surgery vs radiotherapy (RT) on overall survival (OS) in patients with early stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). In addition, this study attempts to identify factors associated with receiving primary RT.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingNational Cancer Database (NCDB, 2004‐2013).Subjects and MethodsReviewing the NCDB from 2004 to 2013, patients with early stage I to II OCSCC were identified. Kaplan‐Meier estimates of survival, Cox regression analysis, and propensity score matching were used to examine differences in OS between primary surgery and primary RT. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with primary RT.ResultsOf the 20,779 patients included in the study, 95.4% (19,823 patients) underwent primary surgery and 4.6% (956 patients) underwent primary RT. After adjusting for covariates, primary RT was associated with an increased risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.97; 99% confidence interval [CI], 1.74‐2.22). On multivariable analysis, factors associated with primary RT included age ≥70 years, black race, Medicaid or Medicare insurance, no insurance, oral cavity subsite other than tongue, clinical stage II disease, low‐volume treatment facilities, and earlier treatment year.ConclusionPrimary RT for early stage OCSCC is associated with increased mortality. Approximately 5% of patients receive primary RT; however, this percentage is decreasing. Patients at highest risk for receiving primary RT include those who are elderly, black, with public insurance, and treated at low‐volume facilities.
Biomarkers of cardiometabolic health and nutritional status in individuals with positive celiac disease serology
Authors: Jamnik Joseph , Jenkins David JA , El-Sohemy Ahmed 
Published: December 2017

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by damage to the intestinal mucosa and nutrient malabsorption in severe cases. However, it remains unclear whether nutrient deficiencies and other adverse health effects are prevalent in individuals with positive CD serology identified through screening studies. Objective: The objective was to determine whether biomarkers of cardiometabolic health and nutritional status differ between those with positive and negative CD serology identified in a screening study of Canadian adults. Methods: Participants ( n=2832) were from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study and the Toronto Healthy Diet Study. Individuals were screened for CD-specific anti-tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies. Lipid profiles as well as concentrations of six carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, and zeaxanthin), three tocopherols (α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol), retinol, ascorbic acid, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were cross-sectionally compared between those with positive and negative CD serology using general linear mixed models. Results: Individuals with positive CD serology ( n=23) had significantly lower levels of HDL-cholesterol ( p=0.008) and apolipoprotein-AI ( p=0.02), a higher ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ( p=0.006), and a higher apolipoprotein-B/AI ratio ( p=0.03) than those with negative CD serology. Positive CD serology was also associated with significantly lower concentrations of retinol ( p=0.006) in fully adjusted models. Those with positive CD serology had lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in unadjusted models ( p=0.01), but not in fully adjusted models ( p=0.08). Conclusions: Individuals with undiagnosed CD may have unfavorable lipid profiles and be at elevated risk for inadequacy of certain fat-soluble vitamins, but not widespread nutrient deficiencies.
Differential Motion and Compression Between the Plantaris and Achilles Tendons: A Contributing Factor to Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy?
Authors: Stephen Joanna M. , Marsland Daniel , Masci Lorenzo , Calder James D.F. , Daou Hadi El 
Published: December 2017

Background: The plantaris tendon (PT) has been thought to contribute to symptoms in a proportion of patients with Achilles midportion tendinopathy, with symptoms improving after PT excision. Hypothesis: There is compression and differential movement between the PT and Achilles tendon (AT) during ankle plantarflexion and dorsiflexion. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Eighteen fresh-frozen cadaveric ankles (mean ± SD age: 35 ± 7 years, range = 27-48 years; men, n = 9) were mounted in a customized testing rig, where the tibia was fixed but the forefoot could be moved freely. A Steinmann pin was drilled through the calcaneus, enabling a valgus torque to be applied. The soleus, gastrocnemius, and plantaris muscles were loaded with 63 N with a weighted pulley system. The test area was 40 to 80 mm above the os calcis, corresponding to where the injury is observed clinically. Medially, the AT and PT were exposed, and a calibrated flexible pressure sensor was inserted between the tendons. Pressure readings were recorded with the ankle in full dorsiflexion, full plantarflexion, and plantargrade and repeated in these positions with a 5 N·m torque, simulating increased hindfoot valgus. The pressure sensor was removed and the PT and AT marked with ink at the same level, with the foot held in neutral rotation and plantargrade. Videos and photographs were taken to assess differential motion between the tendons. After testing, specimens were dissected to identify the PT insertion. One-way analysis of variance and paired t tests were performed to make comparisons. Results: The PT tendons with an insertion separate from the AT demonstrated greater differential motion through range (14 ± 4 mm) when compared with those directly adherent to the AT (2 ± 2 mm) ( P < .001). Mean pressure between the PT and AT rose in terminal plantarflexion for all specimens ( P < .001) and was more pronounced with hindfoot valgus ( P < .001). Conclusion: The PT inserting directly into the calcaneus resulted in significantly greater differential motion as compared with the AT. Tendon compression was elevated in terminal plantarflexion, suggesting that adapting rehabilitation tendon-loading programs to avoid this position may be beneficial. Clinical Relevance: The insertion pattern of the PT may be a factor in plantaris-related midportion Achilles tendinopathy. Terminal range plantarflexion and hindfoot valgus both increased AT and PT compression, suggesting that these should be avoided in this patient population.
Multi-functional magnetic nanoparticles as an effective drug carrier for the controlled anti-tumor treatment
Authors: Li Zhi , Zhang Junya , Guo Xiaonan , Guo Xinhong , Zhang Zhenzhong 
Published: December 2017

Because of the complications and mutability of cancers, combination of chemotherapy and other therapy with multi-mechanisms would be a bright future for the treatment of cancer. Thus, development of multi-functional tumor-targeted drug delivery systems with two or more than two functions should be of great significance. In the study, the Fe3O4@C nanoparticles linked with thermoresponsive copolymer (MTC-NPs) were synthesized, after that, the magnetic properties and photothermal effects of MTC NPs were evaluated. Compared to the pure water, MTC-NPs absorbed more energy and transform it into heat under the 808 nm laser irradiation, and the temperature could increase over 60℃. In addition, the grafted copolymer with coil-to-globule transition acts as a gatekeeper for the temperature-controlled release of mitoxantrone molecules. The super paramagnetic behavior of MTC-NPs certified by the hysteresis loop gives a negligible coercivity at room temperature. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that the synergistic combination of magnetic targeting, drug controlled release, and thermochemotherapy improve the anti-tumor efficacy with lower side effects. This nanoparticle is a great potential drug carrier in anti-tumor drugs, which can improve the effect of hyperthermia, increase target distribution in tumor, and enhance curative effect for tumor while reducing normal tissue toxicity.
A Conceptual and Clinical Model of Youth Violence in America
Authors: Ahmad Aqueil 
Published: December 2017

This work is based on the assumption that youth violence continues to be a serious problem in American society. It is exacerbated by the history of violence, cultural factors, and the nature and quality of interpersonal relations encountered by youth in their daily lives. The metaphor of “a nation at war with itself” is used to highlight the fact that more Americans are regularly killed by other Americans at home than those killed in foreign wars. These conditions set the stage for the development of a psycho-social model of youth violence in America today. The model is a take-off from the author's earlier hypothesis that all violence may be construed as a powerful reaction to overcome powerlessness. It identifies four correlates of powerlessness: disconnection, anonymity, selfishness, and lack of adult-youth communication about violence. These variables are subsequently integrated into an explanatory and predictive device for one category of violence only, homicides committed by youth. The model may, however, apply to other categories of interpersonal violence as well. It is dedicated to the urgent task of curbing youth violence in America, and by implication, in other similar cultural contexts.
How I treat disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Levi Marcel , Scully Marie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition characterized by systemic activation of coagulation, potentially leading to thrombotic obstruction of small and midsize vessels, thereby contributing to organ dysfunction. At the same time, ongoing consumption of platelets and coagulation proteins results in thrombocytopenia and low concentrations of clotting factors, which may cause profuse hemorrhagic complications. DIC is always secondary to an underlying condition, such as severe infections, solid or hematologic malignancies, trauma, or obstetric calamities. A reliable diagnosis of DIC can be made through simple scoring algorithms based on readily available routine hemostatic parameters. The cornerstone of supportive treatment of this coagulopathy is management of the underlying condition. Additionally, administration of heparin may be useful, and restoration of physiological anticoagulants has been suggested, but has not been proven successful in improving clinically relevant outcomes so far. In patients with major bleeding or at risk for hemorrhagic complications, administration of platelet concentrates, plasma, or coagulation factor concentrates should be considered.
Temporal stability of multitrigger and episodic viral wheeze in early childhood
Authors: Spycher Ben D. , Cochrane Cara , Granell Raquel , Sterne Jonathan A.C. , Silverman Michael , Pedersen Eva , Gaillard Erol A. , Henderson John , Kuehni Claudia E. 
Published: December 2017

The distinction between episodic viral wheeze (EVW) and multitrigger wheeze (MTW) is used to guide management of preschool wheeze. It has been questioned whether these phenotypes are stable over time. We examined the temporal stability of MTW and EVW in two large population-based cohorts.We classified children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n=10 970) and the Leicester Respiratory Cohorts ((LRCs), n=3263) into EVW, MTW and no wheeze at ages 2, 4 and 6 years based on parent-reported symptoms. Using multinomial regression, we estimated relative risk ratios for EVW and MTW at follow-up (no wheeze as reference category) with and without adjusting for wheeze severity.Although large proportions of children with EVW and MTW became asymptomatic, those that continued to wheeze showed a tendency to remain in the same phenotype: among children with MTW at 4 years in the LRCs, the adjusted relative risk ratio was 15.6 (95% CI 8.3–29.2) for MTW (stable phenotype) compared to 7.0 (95% CI 2.6–18.9) for EVW (phenotype switching) at 6 years. The tendency to persist was weaker for EVW and from 2–4 years. Results were similar across cohorts.This suggests that MTW, and to a lesser extent EVW, tend to persist regardless of wheeze severity.
Report from the 2016 CrossConnects workshop: improving data mobility & management for bioinformatics
Authors: Mace Kathryn Petersen , Jacobson Daniel , Gore Brooklin , Rotman Lauren , Schopf Jennifer , Hester Mary , Radulovic Predrag , Barnett William 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDue to significant declines in the price of genome sequencing technology, the bioinformatics sciences are experiencing a massive upswing in data generation resulting in an increasing need for data distribution and access. The sheer number of biological areas of study, many of which benefit from the scientific breakthroughs of one another, are adding to the increase of shared data usage. The need for effective data management, analysis, and access are becoming more critical. While there are commonalities facing both precision medicine and metagenomics, each area has its own unique challenges and needs. A workshop was held in April 2016 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory that brought together scientists from both fields, along with experts in computing and networking. Presenters and attendees discussed current research and pressing data issues facing the bioinformatics field today and in the near future.