bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health disorders among homeless, substance‐dependent men who have sex with men
Authors: Fletcher Jesse B. , Reback Cathy J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsHomelessness is associated with increased prevalence of mental health disorders, substance use disorders and mental health/substance use disorder comorbidity in the United States of America. Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) living in the United States are at increased risk for homelessness, and have also evidenced elevated mental health and substance use disorder prevalence relative to their non‐MSM male counterparts.Design and MethodsSecondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial estimating the diagnostic prevalence of substance use/mental health disorder comorbidity among a sample of homeless, substance‐dependent MSM (DSM‐IV verified; n = 131).ResultsThe most prevalent substance use/mental health disorder comorbidities were stimulant dependence comorbid with at least one depressive disorder (28%), alcohol dependence comorbid with at least one depressive disorder (26%) and stimulant dependence comorbid with antisocial personality disorder (25%).Discussion and ConclusionsDiagnostic depression and antisocial personality disorder both demonstrated high rates of prevalence among homeless, substance‐dependent (particularly stimulant and alcohol dependent) MSM. [Fletcher JB, Reback CJ. Mental health disorders among homeless, substance‐dependent men who have sex with men. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;36:555‐559].
Accounting for intimate partner violence perpetration. A cross‐cultural comparison of English and Brazilian male substance users' explanations
Authors: Radcliffe Polly , d'Oliveira Ana Flávia Pires Lucas , Lea Susan , dos Santos Figueiredo Wagner , Gilchrist Gail 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThis paper describes how substance use features in the accounts of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators in treatment in England and Brazil. The aim of the research was to better understand cross cultural constructions of IPV perpetration amongst men in treatment for substance use.Design and MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 40 men in community substance use treatment in Sao Paolo, Brazil and London and the South East of England who had reported IPV perpetration in a questionnaire survey. A thematic, narrative analysis was carried out of men's explanations for IPV perpetration.FindingsThree types of narratives were distinguished: (i) disputes, centred on substance use, that escalate to IPV perpetration; (ii) IPV perpetration that is explained by uncharacteristic loss of control, as a result of intoxication; and (iii) IPV perpetration provoked by a perceived betrayal, in which substance use is incidental. In all types of accounts hegemonic principles of male and female roles and behaviour provided a context for and make IPV perpetration explicable.Discussion and ConclusionsSubstance use and IPV are culturally constructed and contextually defined. Understanding the meaning‐making of substance using IPV perpetrators has implications for the treatment of both substance abuse and IPV. [Radcliffe P, d'Oliveira AFPL, Lea S, dos Santos Figueiredo W, Gilchrist G. Accounting for intimate partner violence perpetration. A cross‐cultural comparison of English and Brazilian male substance users' explanations. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:64–71]
The effect of aortic area measurement site on the energy loss coefficient: a comparison between echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography angiography in patients with aortic stenosis
Authors: Yaari Dotan , Rubinshtein Ronen , Sachner Robert , Gaspar Tamar , Adawi Salim , Jaffe Ronen , Asmer Ihab , Ganaeem Majdi , Shiran Avinoam 
Published: August 2016

AimThe energy loss coefficient (ELCo) has been suggested as a more accurate indicator of aortic stenosis (AS) severity as compared to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) aortic valve area (AVA). There are little data regarding the optimal location for aortic area (Aa) measurement needed for ELCo calculation and the agreement of ELCo with direct anatomical AVA measurement. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal site of Aa measurement for calculation of the ELCo, using cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) AVA planimetry as the reference standard.MethodsWe analyzed 69 patients with AS who underwent both CCTA and TTE. ELCo and CCTA planimetry AVA were compared using multiple sites for CCTA Aa measurement (sinus, sinotubular junction, or ascending aorta).ResultsCCTA AVA was 0.96±0.46 cm2. ELCo was 0.95±0.43 cm2 using sinotubular junction Aa, 0.92±0.41 cm2 using sinus Aa, and 0.91±0.4 cm2 using the ascending aorta (P=.84, P=.13, and P=.08 compared to CCTA AVA). There was good agreement between CCTA AVA and ELCo using all Aa locations (0.89–0.90). On subgroup analysis of 16 patients most likely to be affected by pressure recovery (aortic diameter<3 cm and AVA ≥1 cm2), ELCo using the sinotubular junction Aa showed the best agreement with CCTA AVA as compared to the other Aa locations (0.84 vs 0.75–0.77).ConclusionsELCo using Aa measurement at the sinotubular junction showed the best agreement with CCTA AVA. We therefore recommend using the sinotubular junction Aa for ELCo calculation.
Hearing, feeling or seeing a beat recruits a supramodal network in the auditory dorsal stream
Authors: Araneda Rodrigo , Renier Laurent , Ebner‐Karestinos Daniela , Dricot Laurence , De Volder Anne G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHearing a beat recruits a wide neural network that involves the auditory cortex and motor planning regions. Perceiving a beat can potentially be achieved via vision or even touch, but it is currently not clear whether a common neural network underlies beat processing. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test to what extent the neural network involved in beat processing is supramodal, that is, is the same in the different sensory modalities. Brain activity changes in 27 healthy volunteers were monitored while they were attending to the same rhythmic sequences (with and without a beat) in audition, vision and the vibrotactile modality. We found a common neural network for beat detection in the three modalities that involved parts of the auditory dorsal pathway. Within this network, only the putamen and the supplementary motor area (SMA) showed specificity to the beat, while the brain activity in the putamen covariated with the beat detection speed. These results highlighted the implication of the auditory dorsal stream in beat detection, confirmed the important role played by the putamen in beat detection and indicated that the neural network for beat detection is mostly supramodal. This constitutes a new example of convergence of the same functional attributes into one centralized representation in the brain.
Within‐and among‐year germination in Sonoran Desert winter annuals: bet hedging and predictive germination in a variable environment
Authors: Gremer Jennifer R. , Kimball Sarah , Venable D. Lawrence 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn variable environments, organisms must have strategies to ensure fitness as conditions change. For plants, germination can time emergence with favourable conditions for later growth and reproduction (predictive germination), spread the risk of unfavourable conditions (bet hedging) or both (integrated strategies). Here we explored the adaptive value of within‐ and among‐year germination timing for 12 species of Sonoran Desert winter annual plants. We parameterised models with long‐term demographic data to predict optimal germination fractions and compared them to observed germination. At both temporal scales we found that bet hedging is beneficial and that predicted optimal strategies corresponded well with observed germination. We also found substantial fitness benefits to varying germination timing, suggesting some degree of predictive germination in nature. However, predictive germination was imperfect, calling for some degree of bet hedging. Together, our results suggest that desert winter annuals have integrated strategies combining both predictive plasticity and bet hedging.
Genomic signatures among Oncorhynchus nerka ecotypes to inform conservation and management of endangered Sockeye Salmon
Authors: Nichols Krista M. , Kozfkay Christine C. , Narum Shawn R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractConservation of life history variation is an important consideration for many species with trade‐offs in migratory characteristics. Many salmonid species exhibit both resident and migratory strategies that capitalize on benefits in freshwater and marine environments. In this study, we investigated genomic signatures for migratory life history in collections of resident and anadromous Oncorhynchus nerka (Kokanee and Sockeye Salmon, respectively) from two lake systems, using ~2,600 SNPs from restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq). Differing demographic histories were evident in the two systems where one pair was significantly differentiated (Redfish Lake, FST = 0.091 [95% confidence interval: 0.087 to 0.095]) but the other pair was not (Alturas Lake, FST = −0.007 [−0.008 to −0.006]). Outlier and association analyses identified several candidate markers in each population pair, but there was limited evidence for parallel signatures of genomic variation associated with migration. Despite lack of evidence for consistent markers associated with migratory life history in this species, candidate markers were mapped to functional genes and provide evidence for adaptive genetic variation within each lake system. Life history variation has been maintained in these nearly extirpated populations of O. nerka, and conservation efforts to preserve this diversity are important for long‐term resiliency of this species.
Chemical evolution of metamorphic fluids in the Central Alps, Switzerland: insight from LA‐ICPMS analysis of fluid inclusions
Authors: Rauchenstein‐Martinek K. , Wagner T. , Wälle M. , Heinrich C. A. , Arlt T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe chemical evolution of fluids in Alpine fissure veins (open cavities with large free‐standing crystals) has been studied by combination of fluid inclusion petrography, microthermometry, LA‐ICPMS microanalysis, and thermodynamic modeling. The quartz vein systems cover a metamorphic cross section through the Central Alps (Switzerland), ranging from subgreenschist‐ to amphibolite‐facies conditions. Fluid compositions change from aqueous inclusions in subgreenschist‐ and greenschist‐facies rocks to aqueous–carbonic inclusions in amphibolite‐facies rocks. The fluid composition is constant for each vein, across several fluid inclusion generations that record the growth history of the quartz crystals. Chemical solute geothermometry, fluid inclusion isochores, and constraints from fluid–mineral equilibria modeling were used to reconstruct the pressure–temperature conditions of the Alpine fissure veins and to compare them with the metamorphic path of their host rocks. The data demonstrate that fluids in the Aar massif were trapped close to the metamorphic peak whereas the fluids in the Penninic nappes record early cooling, consistent with retrograde alteration. The good agreement between the fluid–mineral equilibria modeling and observed fluid compositions and host‐rock mineralogy suggests that the fluid inclusions were entrapped under rock‐buffered conditions. The molar Cl/Br ratios of the fluid inclusions are below the seawater value and would require unrealistically high degrees of evaporation and subsequent dilution if they were derived from seawater. The halogen data may thus be better explained by interaction between metamorphic fluids and organic matter or graphite in metasedimentary rocks. The volatile content (CO2, sulfur) in the fluid inclusions increases systematically as function of the metamorphic grade, suggesting that the fluids have been produced by prograde devolatilization reactions. Only the fluids in the highest grade rocks were partly modified by retrograde fluid–rock interactions, and all major element compositions reflect equilibration with the local host rocks during the earliest stages of postmetamorphic uplift.
Recombinant porcine sequence factor VIII (rpFVIII) for acquired haemophilia A: practical clinical experience of its use in seven patients
Authors: Tarantino M. D. , Cuker A. , Hardesty B. , Roberts J. C. , Sholzberg M. 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionA recombinant porcine factor VIII B‐domain‐deleted product (rpFVIII; OBIZUR, Baxalta Incorporated, Deerfield, IL 60015, USA) was recently approved for treatment of bleeding episodes in adults with acquired haemophilia A (AHA) in the United States. To date, no clinical experience outside the registration study has been reported.AimTo describe early clinical experience using rpFVIII for AHA.MethodsA retrospective chart review of seven patients with AHA treated with rpFVIII at four institutions from November 2014 to October 2015.ResultsThe time to diagnosis of AHA ranged from 5 days to 6 weeks. Six major and one other bleed were treated with rpFVIII following unsatisfactory bypassing agent (BPA) therapy. Good haemostatic efficacy was seen in five of seven cases. rpFVIII loading doses of 100 (n = 6) or 200 U kg−1 (n = 1) increased FVIII activity from <1 to 9% at baseline to 109–650% within 0.25–7 h in six of seven cases. Subsequent median doses ranged from 30 to 100 U kg−1 for 3–26 days. No rpFVIII‐related adverse events were reported. Three patients survived with inhibitor eradication, one with persistent inhibitor, two died with inhibitors present and one was discharged and later died from unrelated causes.ConclusionsrpFVIII showed good haemostatic efficacy with no recurrences in most cases, with consumption substantially less than in the registration study. Treatment decisions were based on FVIII activity levels and clinical assessment. The ability to titrate rpFVIII dose using FVIII activity was considered advantageous compared with BPA therapy. Notable delays in diagnosis were observed.
Direct influence of systemic desensitization by resiniferatoxin on the activities of Aδ‐ and C‐fibers in the rat primary bladder mechanosensitive afferent nerves
Authors: Aizawa Naoki , Fukuhara Hiroshi , Fujimura Tetsuya , Homma Yukio , Igawa Yasuhiko 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo examine whether systemic resiniferatoxin treatment can desensitize the single‐unit afferent activities of Aδ‐ and C‐fibers in rat primary bladder mechanosensitive afferent nerves.MethodsFemale Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups (resiniferatoxin‐treated: n = 9, vehicle‐treated: n = 9). Resiniferatoxin (0.3 mg/kg) or its vehicle (10% ethanol) was injected subcutaneously after the first eye‐wipe behavior test with capsaicin. The second eye‐wipe behavior test was carried out 48 h after the injection under urethane (1.2 g/kg intraperitoneally) anesthesia. The bladder mechanosensitive single‐unit afferent activities originating from the left L6 dorsal roots were identified by electrical stimulation of the left pelvic nerve and bladder distension, and classified by conduction velocity as either Aδ‐fibers or C‐fibers. The single‐unit afferent activity measurements were carried out with constant bladder filling with saline (0.1 mL/min, <30 cmH2O).ResultsAfter resiniferatoxin treatment, but not vehicle treatment, eye‐wipe behavior with capsaicin was completely abolished. A total of 104 single afferent fibers were isolated (Aδ‐fibers: n = 41, C‐fibers: n = 63). Single‐unit afferent activities of both Aδ‐fibers and C‐fibers in response to bladder filling in the resiniferatoxin‐treated group were significantly lower than those in the vehicle‐treated group. These differences were observed throughout the filling phase in Aδ‐fibers and during the initial half of the filling phase in C‐fibers.ConclusionsThe present results show the existence of resiniferatoxin desensitization‐resistant mechanosensitive Aδ‐ and C‐fibers in rat primary bladder afferent nerves, suggesting that systemic resiniferatoxin treatment might induce non‐specific partial desensitization or denervation of mechanosensitive capsaicin‐insensitive Aδ‐ and C‐fibers of the rat bladder.
Viruses are frequently present as the infecting agent in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients presenting to hospital
Authors: Biancardi E. , Fennell M. , Rawlinson W. , Thomas P. S. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundViral causes of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are well recognised but only recently have rapid tests become available.AimsTo identify respiratory viruses in the general population and those associated with hospitalisation in AECOPD using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA), and the relationship between symptoms, viral detection and inflammatory markers.MethodsA review of viruses detected in the general population in a health district between August 2014 and July 2015, using multiplex PCR for viruses from NPA samples. In addition, a single hospital, retrospective audit of patients admitted with suspected AECOPD was conducted.ResultsOf the 8811 NPA tested, 5599 (64%) were positive for at least one virus and 2069 of these were obtained from adults. In adults, the most common viruses identified were Influenza A (31%), Rhinovirus (27%) and respiratory syncytial virus A/B (10%). Most patients with AECOPD (102 of 153) had NPA sent for viral PCR testing and 59 (58%) were positive. The most common viruses identified were Influenza A (31%), Rhinovirus (24%) and respiratory syncytial virus A/B (17%) with co‐infecting bacteria cultured in 22 sputum samples. Patients with influenza‐like symptoms were more likely to have a positive viral PCR than those without symptoms (P < 0.004). The median C‐reactive protein on admission was lower in the virus‐infected than uninfected AECOPD (28 vs 60 mg/L, P < 0.026).ConclusionThe spectrum of viruses detected in patients with AECOPD is similar to that of the general population. Viruses are more likely to be identified in patients with AECOPD who present with influenza‐like symptoms and a low C‐reactive protein.
Quantity and Quality of Gestural Input: Caregivers’ Sensitivity Predicts Caregiver–Infant Bidirectional Communication Through Gestures
Authors: Vallotton Claire D. , Decker Kalli B. , Kwon Alicia , Wang Wen , Chang TzuFen 
Published: August 2016

Children's use of pointing and symbolic gestures—early communication skills which predict later language—is influenced by frequency of adults’ gestures. However, we wonder whether, like language, the sensitivity of adult–child interactions is also important for encouraging child gesturing, rather than simply quantity of adult gestural input. Furthermore, children's use of gestures influences qualities of adult–child interaction, eliciting greater responsiveness and richer communication. Thus, we investigated the moderating role of nonparental caregiver sensitivity on the relationship between caregivers’ and infants’ use of pointing and symbolic gestures. We observed 10 infants (ages 6–19 months) over 8 months with a total of 24 student caregivers completing short‐term internships, recording adult and child use of pointing and symbolic gestures. We used longitudinal growth models to examine change in gesturing and moderating roles of caregiver sensitivity in the relations between caregiver and child gesturing behavior. Caregivers’ sensitivity moderated effects of caregivers’ symbolic gestures on infants’ pointing and symbolic gestures, and the effects of infants’ pointing and symbolic gesture frequency on caregivers’ gesture use. Thus, caregivers’ gestures are most effective in supporting child gestures when in the context of sensitive interactions. Sensitivity is central to supporting children's early communicative behaviors, including pointing and symbolic gestures.
An inertia model for the adoption of new farming practices
Authors: Anastasiadis Simon , Chukova Stefanka 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNutrient emissions from agricultural land are now widely recognized as one of the key contributors to poor water quality in local lakes, rivers, and streams. Nutrient trading for nonpoint sources, including farms, has been suggested as a regulatory tool to improve and protect water quality. However, farmers' attitudes suggest that they are resistant to adopting the unfamiliar technologies and farm management practices that may be required under such a scheme. This study develops a model of farmers' resistance to change and demonstrates how this affects their adoption of new mitigation technologies under nutrient trading regulation. We present the model and derive some of its properties in the two‐farmer case.
Recurrent lipoatrophic panniculitis of children
Authors: Torrelo A. , Noguera‐Morel L. , Hernández‐Martín A. , Clemente D. , Barja J.M. , Buzón L. , Azorín D. , de Jesús A.A. , López‐Robledillo J.C. , Colmenero I. , Kutzner H. , Goldbach‐Mansky R. , Requena L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent panniculitis in children with lipoatrophy has been loosely described and reported under different names, but has never been systematically evaluated by immunohistochemical stains.ObjectiveTo depict the profile of children with recurrent idiopathic panniculitis.MethodsStudy of clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features in five cases with recurrent idiopathic panniculitis.ResultsFive children with repeated attacks of painful subcutaneous nodules in association with fever, malaise and abdominal pain or arthralgia, with subsequent lipoatrophy were reviewed. In two patients, extensive involvement led to loss of the cutaneous fatty tissue. Laboratory abnormalities included increased acute phase reactants, leukocytosis with mild neutrophilia, microcytic anaemia and elevated liver enzymes. Histopathology showed lobar panniculitis without vasculitis and with a mixed infiltrate, composed of neutrophils, mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, macrophages and myeloid cells. Neutrophils and myeloid cells were more prominent in early lesions, whereas macrophages predominated in late stages, leading to lipophagia and lipoatrophy. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for myeloperoxidase around the necrotic adipocytes in early stages and CD68/PGM1 macrophages in late stages. Intense STAT1 staining was observed in the inflammatory infiltrate. All patients improved with methotrexate and corticosteroids.ConclusionWe present five cases of lobar panniculitis and lipoatrophy in childhood. The clinico‐pathologic presentation shares features with other autoinflammatory diseases.