bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidencia Económica de las Salvaguardias en el Ecuador en el Sector de la Alimentación Período 2014 - 2016
Authors: Barreno-Benavides Luis 
Published: November 2017

El objetivo del presente artículo es indicar la incidencia económica en el sector alimenticio por efecto de las salvaguardias aplicadas a las importaciones de alimentos en el Gobierno ecuatoriano durante el período 2014 - 2016. Se han analizado temas relacionados como comercio exterior, aranceles, salvaguardias, por ser el sector de la alimentación el afectado se abordó la seguridad alimentaria, los tipos de productos alimenticios que forman parte de la oferta alimentaria de un país, así como el entorno y aplicación de medidas políticas y su impacto económico. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron demostrar que en el sector de alimentos, las importaciones en las partidas afectadas por las salvaguardias ascendió a 564.6 millones de dólares, de los cuales la incidencia directa en la economía de la sociedad ecuatoriana fue un incremento en el pago de 142,4 millones de dólares por efecto de la aplicación de las salvaguardias en los productos alimenticios importados, lo que afectó directamente a la economía de los ecuatorianos y a la disminución del nivel de vida por la reducción de la oferta alimentaria del país.
Evaluación de las Competencias Conductuales Emprendedoras en Jóvenes Estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas de la UTE-Quito
Authors: Benalcázar-Atiencia Iván 
Published: November 2017

Para realizar la evaluación de las competencias conductuales (CCE) en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas de la UTE, se aplicó el test de comportamiento conductual desarrollado bajo la teoría motivacional de David McClelland. El test de autoevaluación de las CCE, es un cuestionario de 55 preguntas en escala de Likert (1-5), dónde se evalúa diez características denominadas competencias conductuales. Los resultados de la investigación arrojan que las competencias que obtuvieron el mejor puntaje o más desarrolladas en los jóvenes estudiantes son: fijarse metas y exigir eficiencia y calidad; siendo las competencias con menos puntaje o menos desarrolladas, ser persuasivo y construir redes, correr riesgos calculados y planificar sistemáticamente; concluyendo que los estudiantes se han fijado una meta común que es culminar su carrera, lo hacen con eficiencia y calidad, sin embargo se observa que no están convencidos de lo que quieren, no les interesa construir redes de apoyo, no corren ningún riesgo y tampoco planifican, características propias de un emprendedor las mismas que hay que desarrollar en los estudiantes, a través de construir una cultura de emprendimiento.
Solar Drying: A Means of Improving the Quality of Peanuts in Ghana
Authors: Akoto Esther Y. , Klu Yaa A. K. , Lamptey Maxwell , Asibuo James Y. , Heflin Mark , Phillips Robert , Jordan David , Rhoads Jamie , Hoisington David , Chen Jinru 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
An indirect, passive, wooden dryer, with a galvanized steel panel (4.5 m2) and four wire mesh shelves (2.62 m2 each), was constructed in Kumasi, Ghana. The dryer was evaluated for its capacity in drying of freshly-harvested in-shell peanuts on a single layer (8.5 Kg), and then up-scaled to four layers (4x18 Kg). Equal amounts of peanuts, dried simultaneously on a concrete floor under the open sun, served as comparisons. The moisture content of solar dried peanuts decreased from 35.85-5.25% and 32.00 %-4.25% in the single-layer and four-layer drying, respectively, in 4 days. Faster drying rates were observed when peanuts had relatively higher moisture contents with R2 values ranging from 0.72-0.95. The average daily solar radiation ranged from 360-592.99 W/m2 and daily energies generated were from 42.24-69.16 MJ. The drying efficiency ranged from 1.50-6.47% in the single-layer drying and 23.07-24.93% in the four-layer drying whereas the thermal efficiency was 3.15-21.60% in the single-layer drying and 3.08-24.93% in the four-layer drying. Peanuts from the solar dryer had lower free fatty acid and peroxide values but higher germination percentage compared to open sundried peanuts. The study suggests that solar drying can be used effectively for improving peanut safety and preserving peanut quality in Ghana.
Risk of ovarian function recovery should be considered when switching from treatment with adjuvant tamoxifen to aromatase inhibitor therapy in women with chemotherapy‐induced amenorrhea
Authors: Chung Clement 
Published: November 2017

Key Points

In this study, the risk of a return to menses and/or premenopausal estradiol/follicle‐stimulating hormone levels by 30 months after a switch from adjuvant tamoxifen to aromatase inhibitor therapy in women with postmenopausal estradiol levels at the time of the switch was 15.2% (38 of 250 patients) for women who had chemotherapy‐induced amenorrhea and were aged younger than 50 years at the time of breast cancer diagnosis.
The risk was 1.2% (1 in 79 women) for women who were aged 50 to 54 years but still were premenopausal at the time of breast cancer diagnosis.
A Numerical Simulation of Coronal Waves Interacting with Coronal Holes. I. Basic Features
Authors: Piantschitsch Isabell , Vršnak Bojan , Hanslmeier Arnold , Lemmerer Birgit , Veronig Astrid , Hernandez-Perez Aaron , Čalogović Jaša , Žic Tomislav 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We have developed a new numerical code that is able to perform 2.5D simulations of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave propagation in the corona, and its interaction with a low-density region, such as a coronal hole (CH). We show that the impact of the wave on the CH leads to different effects, such as reflection and transmission of the incoming wave, stationary features at the CH boundary, or formation of a density depletion. We present a comprehensive analysis of the morphology and kinematics of primary and secondary waves, i.e., we describe in detail the temporal evolution of density, magnetic field, plasma flow velocity, phase speed, and position of the wave amplitude. Effects like reflection, refraction, and transmission of the wave strongly support the theory that large-scale disturbances in the corona are fast MHD waves and distinguish that theory from the competing pseudo-wave theory. The formation of stationary bright fronts was one of the main reasons for the development of pseudo-waves. Here, we show that stationary bright fronts can be produced by interactions of an MHD wave with a CH. We find secondary waves that are traversing through the CH and we show that one part of these traversing waves leaves the CH again, while another part is being reflected at the CH boundary inside the CH. We observe a density depletion that is moving in the opposite direction of the primary wave propagation. We show that the primary wave pushes the CH boundary to the right, caused by the wave front exerting dynamic pressure on the CH.
Neutron Stars: A Novel Equation of State with Induced Surface Tension
Authors: Sagun Violetta V. , Lopes Ilídio 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A novel equation of state with the surface tension induced by particles’ interactions was generalized to describe the properties of the neutron stars (NSs). In this equation the interaction between particles occurs via the hard core repulsion by taking into account the proper volumes of particles. Recently, this model was successfully applied to the description of the properties of nuclear and hadron matter created in collisions of nucleons. The new approach is free of causality problems and is fully thermodynamically consistent, which enables us to use it for the investigation of the strongly interacting matter phase-diagram properties in a wide range of temperatures and baryon densities, including NSs. Here, we have calculated the mass–radius relations for a compact star using the Tolmann–Oppenheimer–Volkov (TOV) equation for two sets of parameters that satisfy the existing constraints. Accordingly, we found parameter values that are in good agreement with the same ones obtained from the nuclear–nuclear collision data analysis. The astrophysical constraints suggest that the hard core radius of baryons can vary between 0.425 fm and 0.476 fm.
Sunspot Number Second Differences as a Precursor of the Following 11-year Sunspot Cycle
Authors: Podladchikova Tatiana , Van der Linden Ronald , Veronig Astrid M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Forecasting the strength of the sunspot cycle is highly important for many space weather applications. Our previous studies have shown the importance of sunspot number variability in the declining phase of the current 11-year sunspot cycle to predict the strength of the next cycle when the minimum of the current cycle has been observed. In this study we continue this approach and show that we can remove the limitation of having to know the minimum epoch of the current cycle, and that we can already provide a forecast of the following cycle strength in the early stage of the declining phase of the current cycle. We introduce a method to reliably calculate sunspot number second differences (SNSD) in order to quantify the short-term variations of sunspot activity. We demonstrate a steady relationship between the SNSD dynamics in the early stage of the declining phase of a given cycle and the strength of the following sunspot cycle. This finding may bear physical implications on the underlying dynamo at work. From this relation, a relevant indicator is constructed that distinguishes whether the next cycle will be stronger or weaker compared to the current one. We demonstrate that within 24–31 months after reaching the maximum of the cycle, it can be decided with high probability (0.96) whether the next cycle will be weaker or stronger. We predict that sunspot cycle 25 will be weaker than the current cycle 24.
Kinetic Features in the Ion Flux Spectrum
Authors: Vafin S. , Riazantseva M. , Yoon P. H. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
An interesting feature of solar wind fluctuations is the occasional presence of a well-pronounced peak near the spectral knee. These peaks are well investigated in the context of magnetic field fluctuations in the magnetosheath and they are typically related to kinetic plasma instabilities. Recently, similar peaks were observed in the spectrum of ion flux fluctuations of the solar wind and magnetosheath. In this paper, we propose a simple analytical model to describe such peaks in the ion flux spectrum based on the linear theory of plasma fluctuations. We compare our predictions with a sample observation in the solar wind. For the given observation, the peak requires ∼10 minutes to grow up to the observed level that agrees with the quasi-linear relaxation time. Moreover, our model well reproduces the form of the measured peak in the ion flux spectrum. The observed lifetime of the peak is about 50 minutes, which is relatively close to the nonlinear Landau damping time of 30–40 minutes. Overall, our model proposes a plausible scenario explaining the observation.
The Survey of Water and Ammonia in the Galactic Center (SWAG): Molecular Cloud Evolution in the Central Molecular Zone
Authors: Krieger Nico , Ott Jürgen , Beuther Henrik , Walter Fabian , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Meier David S. , Mills Elisabeth A. C. , Contreras Yanett , Edwards Phil , Ginsburg Adam , Henkel Christian , Henshaw Jonathan , Jackson James , Kauffmann Jens , Longmore Steven , Martín Sergio , Morris Mark R. , Pillai Thushara , Rickert Matthew , Rosolowsky Erik , Shinnaga Hiroko , Walsh Andrew , Yusef-Zadeh Farhad , Zhang Qizhou 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The Survey of Water and Ammonia in the Galactic Center (SWAG) covers the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Milky Way at frequencies between 21.2 and 25.4 GHz obtained at the Australia Telescope Compact Array at ∼0.9 pc spatial and ∼2.0 km s−1 spectral resolution. In this paper, we present data on the inner ∼250 pc (1.°4) between Sgr C and Sgr B2. We focus on the hyperfine structure of the metastable ammonia inversion lines (J, K) = (1, 1)–(6, 6) to derive column density, kinematics, opacity, and kinetic gas temperature. In the CMZ molecular clouds, we find typical line widths of 8–16 km s−1 and extended regions of optically thick (τ > 1) emission. Two components in kinetic temperature are detected at 25–50 K and 60–100 K, both being significantly hotter than the dust temperatures throughout the CMZ. We discuss the physical state of the CMZ gas as traced by ammonia in the context of the orbital model by Kruijssen et al. that interprets the observed distribution as a stream of molecular clouds following an open eccentric orbit. This allows us to statistically investigate the time dependencies of gas temperature, column density, and line width. We find heating rates between ∼50 and ∼100 K Myr−1 along the stream orbit. No strong signs of time dependence are found for column density or line width. These quantities are likely dominated by cloud-to-cloud variations. Our results qualitatively match the predictions of the current model of tidal triggering of cloud collapse, orbital kinematics, and the observation of an evolutionary sequence of increasing star formation activity with orbital phase.
Serendipitous Discovery of an Optical Emission-line Jet in NGC 232
Authors: López-Cobá C. , Sánchez S. F. , Cruz-González I. , Binette L. , Galbany L. , Krühler T. , Rodríguez L. F. , Barrera-Ballesteros J. K. , Sánchez-Menguiano L. , Walcher C. J. , Aquino-Ortíz E. , Anderson J. P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We report the detection of a highly collimated linear emission-line structure in the spiral galaxy NGC 232 through the use of integral field spectroscopy data from the All-weather MUse Supernova Integral field Nearby Galaxies survey. This jet-like feature extends radially from the nucleus and is primarily detected in [O iii]λ5007 without clear evidence of an optical continuum counterpart. The length of the radial structure projected on sky reaches ∼3 kpc, which makes NGC 232 the second-longest emission-line jet reported. The ionized gas presents extreme [O iii]/Hβ and [N ii]/Hα line ratios, increasing along the jet-like structure. We discuss three possible scenarios to explain the observed structure: (i) direct ionization of infalling material from the intergalactic medium by the AGN, (ii) photoionization by an undetected optical counterpart of the radio jet, and (iii) fast shock ionization due to the lateral expansion of the radio jet across the interstellar medium. Our analysis favors in situ ionization.
A Novel Pkhd1 Mutation Interacts with the Nonobese Diabetic Genetic Background To Cause Autoimmune Cholangitis
Authors: Huang Wenting , Rainbow Daniel B. , Wu Yuehong , Adams David , Shivakumar Pranavkumar , Kottyan Leah , Karns Rebekah , Aronow Bruce , Bezerra Jorge , Gershwin M. Eric , Peterson Laurence B. , Wicker Linda S. , Ridgway William M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We previously reported that NOD.c3c4 mice develop spontaneous autoimmune biliary disease (ABD) with anti-mitochondrial Abs, histopathological lesions, and autoimmune T lymphocytes similar to human primary biliary cholangitis. In this article, we demonstrate that ABD in NOD.c3c4 and related NOD ABD strains is caused by a chromosome 1 region that includes a novel mutation in polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (Pkhd1). We show that a long terminal repeat element inserted into intron 35 exposes an alternative polyadenylation site, resulting in a truncated Pkhd1 transcript. A novel NOD congenic mouse expressing aberrant Pkhd1, but lacking the c3 and c4 chromosomal regions (NOD.Abd3), reproduces the immunopathological features of NOD ABD. RNA sequencing of NOD.Abd3 common bile duct early in disease demonstrates upregulation of genes involved in cholangiocyte injury/morphology and downregulation of immunoregulatory genes. Consistent with this, bone marrow chimera studies show that aberrant Pkhd1 must be expressed in the target tissue (cholangiocytes) and the immune system (bone marrow). Mutations of Pkhd1 produce biliary abnormalities in mice but have not been previously associated with autoimmunity. In this study, we eliminate clinical biliary disease by backcrossing this Pkhd1 mutation onto the C57BL/6 genetic background; thus, the NOD genetic background (which promotes autoimmunity) is essential for disease. We propose that loss of functional Pkhd1 on the NOD background produces early bile duct abnormalities, initiating a break in tolerance that leads to autoimmune cholangitis in NOD.Abd3 congenic mice. This model is important for understanding loss of tolerance to cholangiocytes and is relevant to the pathogenesis of several human cholangiopathies.
Gait and Quiet-Stance Performance Among Adolescents After Concussion-Symptom Resolution
Authors: Berkner Justin , Meehan William P. , Master Christina L. , Howell David R. 
Published: November 2017

Context:
Concussions affect a large number of US athletes each year. Returning an athlete to activity once self-reported symptoms have resolved can be problematic if unrecognized neurocognitive and balance deficits persist. Pairing cognitive and motor tasks or cognitive and quiet-stance tasks may allow clinicians to detect and monitor these changes postconcussion.

Objective:
To prospectively examine adolescent athletes' gait and quiet-stance performance while concurrently completing a cognitive task acutely after concussion and after symptom resolution.

Design:
Case-control study.

Setting:
Sport concussion clinic.

Patients or Other Participants:
Thirty-seven athletes (age = 16.2 ± 3.1 years; 54% female) were diagnosed with a concussion, and their performance was compared with that of a group of 44 uninjured control participants (age = 15.0 ± 2.0 years; 57% female).

Intervention:
Participants diagnosed with a concussion completed a symptom inventory and single- and dual-task gait and quiet-stance evaluations within 21 days of injury and then again after symptom resolution. Gait and postural-control measurements were quantified using an inertial sensor system and analyzed using multivariate analyses of covariance.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, single-task and dual-task gait measures, quiet-stance measures, and cognitive task performance.

Results:
At the initial postinjury examination, single-task gait stride length (1.16 ± 0.14 versus 1.25 ± 0.13 m, P = .003) and dual-task gait stride length (1.02 ± 0.13 m versus 1.10 ± 0.13 m, P = .011) for the concussion group compared with the control group, respectively, were shorter. After symptom resolution, no single-task gait differences were found, but the concussion group demonstrated slower gait velocity (0.78 ± 0.15 m/s versus 0.92 ± 0.14 m/s, P = .005), lower cadence (92.5 ± 12.2 steps/min versus 99.3 ± 7.8 steps/min, P &lt; .001), and a shorter stride length (0.99 ± 0.15 m versus 1.10 ± 0.13 m, P = .003) during dual-task gait than the control group. No between-groups differences were detected during quiet stance at either time point.

Conclusions:
Acutely after concussion, single-task and dual-task stride-length alterations were present among youth athletes compared with a control group. Although single-task gait alterations were not detected after symptom resolution, dual-task gait differences persisted, suggesting that dual-task gait alterations may persist longer after concussion than single-task gait or objective quiet-stance alterations. Dual-task gait assessments may, therefore, be a useful component in monitoring concussion recovery after symptom resolution.
Source apportionment of carbonaceous chemical species to fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and biogenic emissions by a coupled radiocarbon–levoglucosan marker method
Authors: Salma Imre , Németh Zoltán , Weidinger Tamás , Maenhaut Willy , Claeys Magda , Molnár Mihály , Major István , Ajtai Tibor , Utry Noémi , Bozóki Zoltán 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. An intensive aerosol measurement and sample collection campaign was conducted in central Budapest in a mild winter for 2 weeks. The online instruments included an FDMS-TEOM, RT-OC/EC analyser, DMPS, gas pollutant analysers and meteorological sensors. The aerosol samples were collected on quartz fibre filters by a low-volume sampler using the tandem filter method. Elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), levoglucosan, mannosan, galactosan, arabitol and mannitol were determined, and radiocarbon analysis was performed on the aerosol samples. Median atmospheric concentrations of EC, OC and PM2.5 mass were 0.97, 4.9 and 25 µg m−3, respectively. The EC and organic matter (1.6  ×  OC) accounted for 4.8 and 37 %, respectively, of the PM2.5 mass. Fossil fuel (FF) combustion represented 36 % of the total carbon (TC  =  EC + OC) in the PM2.5 size fraction. Biomass burning (BB) was a major source (40 %) for the OC in the PM2.5 size fraction, and a substantial source (11 %) for the PM10 mass. We propose and apply here a novel, straightforward, coupled radiocarbon–levoglucosan marker method for source apportionment of the major carbonaceous chemical species. The contributions of EC and OC from FF combustion (ECFF and OCFF) to the TC were 11.0 and 25 %, respectively, EC and OC from BB (ECBB and OCBB) were responsible for 5.8 and 34 %, respectively, of the TC, while the OC from biogenic sources (OCBIO) made up 24 % of the TC. The overall relative uncertainty of the OCBIO and OCBB contributions was assessed to be up to 30 %, while the relative uncertainty for the other apportioned species is expected to be below 20 %. Evaluation of the apportioned atmospheric concentrations revealed some of their important properties and relationships among them. ECFF and OCFF were associated with different FF combustion sources. Most ECFF was emitted by vehicular road traffic, while the contribution of non-vehicular sources such as domestic and industrial heating or cooking using gas, oil or coal to OCFF was substantial. The mean contribution of BB to EC particles was smaller by a factor of approximately 2 than that of road traffic. The main formation processes of OCFF, OCBB and OCBIO from volatile organic compounds were jointly influenced by a common factor, which is most likely the atmospheric photochemistry, while primary organic emissions can also be important. Technological improvements and control measures for various BB appliances, together with efficient education and training of their users, in particular on the admissible fuel types, offer an important potential for improving the air quality in Budapest, and likely in other cities as well.
User Authentication in Smartphones for Telehealth
Authors: Smith Katherine A. , Zhou Leming , Watzlaf Valerie J.M. 
Published: November 2017

Many functions previously conducted on desktop computers are now performed on smartphones. Smartphones provide convenience, portability, and connectivity. When smartphones are used in the conduct of telehealth, sensitive data is invariably accessed, rendering the devices in need of user authentication to ensure data protection. User authentication of smartphones can help mitigate potential Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) breaches and keep sensitive patient information protected, while also facilitating the convenience of smartphones within everyday life and healthcare. This paper presents and examines several types of authentication methods available to smartphone users to help ensure security of sensitive data from attackers. The applications of these authentication methods in telehealth are discussed. Keywords: Authentication, Biometrics, HIPAA, Mobile security, Telehealth