bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interference
Authors: Guenther B. D. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The sum of solutions of the wave equation is also a solution. This property of the wave equation is called the superposition principle. The physical consequence of this principle is the observation of bright and dark bands of light called fringes when a number of waves coexist in a region in space. The bright regions occur when a number of waves add together to produce an intensity maximum of the resultant wave; this is called constructive interference. Destructive interference occurs when a number of waves add together to produce an intensity minimum of the resultant wave. Techniques for adding waves are used in this chapter to develop a theoretical explanation of the interference patterns produced by a number of simple physical systems, such as two slits, a thin dielectric layer, and a Fabry–Perot cavity. The design of dielectric layers for mirrors and antireflection coatings is also discussed.
Geometrical Optics
Authors: Guenther B. D. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The theory of geometrical optics as presented here is associated with rays that propagate at small angles where the sine of the angle can be replaced by the angle in radians. This is called the paraxial theory and it fails to describe the actual performance of an optical system. The departures of the paraxial predictions from actual performance are called aberrations, and the various types are introduced: spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, field curvature, and distortion. Geometrical optics and the concept of total reflection are used to derive a simple theory of guided waves. Some of the basic properties of guided waves are obtained using this simple theory. The Lagrangian formulation of geometrical optics is used to prove that rectilinear propagation is obtained when the propagation medium is homogeneous and to derive the propagation in an optical fiber with an index of refraction that varies in the radial direction.
Mythological Allusion in the Odyssey: Herakles and the Bow of Odysseus
Authors: Schein Seth L. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Mythological allusion helps to define the subject matter of the Odyssey and its poetic genre, in contrast to that of the Iliad and its genre. In the Iliad, mythological allusion typically works to exclude other than the poem’s distinctive themes and values; in the Odyssey, they contribute to the poem’s inclusion of other than its own distinctive ways of narrating and evaluating its characters’ actions and sufferings. The story of the bow at Od. 21.11–41 is a good example of the Odyssean mode of allusion. The bow is a symbol of Odysseus’ ethical complexity and distinctive heroic identity: it associates him with the positive and negative features of Herakles as hero model and betrayer of his guest friend, and also is the instrument and symbol of Odysseus’ rightful domestic and political authority, as affirmed by his victory in the bride contest for Penelope and morally questionable slaughter of the Suitors.
Divine and Human in the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite
Authors: Schein Seth L. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite (HHAphr) artfully combines a series of contrasts between humanity and divinity with cosmic history in a special kind of religious poetry that is unique in archaic Greek epic as we know it. The Iliad, Odyssey, and Works and Days are concerned mainly with the human condition, the Theogony and most of the Homeric Hymns with the gods and the genesis of the cosmic order. Only HHAphr and the Homeric Hymn to Demeter (HHDem) make divinity and humanity coequal poetic themes, and only HHAphr ends with the goddess’s defeat and a radical diminution of her power, even as her gifts enable Anchises to transcend the limits of mortality through sexual pleasure, fertility, and a royal lineage. Close attention to diction, style, and narrative technique clarifies how artfully the poem celebrates ‘the works of Aphrodite’ by narrating her simultaneous defeat and triumph and those of Anchises.
Homeric Intertextuality: Two Examples
Authors: Schein Seth L. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This chapter illustrates how the Odyssey gains poetic force form its intertextuality with the Iliad, or with the poetic tradition behind the Iliad. In my first example, each poem uses the same formulaic verse, evoking the same traditional theme. The Iliad does so en passant, while the Odyssey self-consciously integrates the verse and its thematic resonance into the account of the fight between Odysseus and the beggar Iros in Book 18. In my second example, the Odyssey clearly alludes in Book 22 to a heroic attitude and way of speaking that are characteristically Iliadic and, in particular, Achillean. It thus represents Odysseus’ heroism at this point in the poem as uncharacteristically and significantly Achillean. It is unclear whether the Odyssey refers intertextually to the Iliad as we know it or to a traditional kind of heroic mood and values on which the Iliad too drew to characterize its main hero.
Measuring the dynamics of global business cycle connectedness
Authors: Diebold Francis X. , Yilmaz Kamil 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUsing a connectedness measurement technology fundamentally grounded in modern network theory, the chapter measures real output connectedness for a set of six developed countries, from 1962 to 2010. It shows that global connectedness is sizable and time-varying over the business cycle, and it studies the nature of the time variation relative to the ongoing discussion about the changing nature of the global business cycle. It also shows that connectedness corresponding to transmissions to others from the United States and Japan is disproportionately important. The data used in this analysis is quite different to earlier works; industrial production indexes at monthly intervals allows the connectedness of business cycle shocks to be captured much faster.
Estimation of radiation risk in presence of classical additive and Berkson multiplicative errors in exposure doses
Authors: Masiuk S. V. , Shklyar S. V. , Kukush A. G. , Carroll R. J. , Kovgan L. N. , Likhtarov I. A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this paper, the influence of measurement errors in exposure doses in a regression model with binary response is studied. Recently, it has been recognized that uncertainty in exposure dose is characterized by errors of two types: classical additive errors and Berkson multiplicative errors. The combination of classical additive and Berkson multiplicative errors has not been considered in the literature previously. In a simulation study based on data from radio-epidemiological research of thyroid cancer in Ukraine caused by the Chornobyl accident, it is shown that ignoring measurement errors in doses leads to overestimation of background prevalence and underestimation of excess relative risk. In the work, several methods to reduce these biases are proposed. They are new regression calibration, an additive version of efficient SIMEX, and novel corrected score methods.
Introduction to Symposium on Time Series Error Correction Methods in Political Science
Authors: Box-Steffensmeier Janet , Helgason Agnar Freyr 
Published: January 2016

In recent years, political science has seen a boom in the use of sophisticated methodological tools for time series analysis. One such tool is the general error correction model (GECM), originally introduced to political scientists in the pages of this journal over 20 years ago (Durr 1992; Ostrom and Smith 1992) and re-introduced by De Boef and Keele (2008), who advocate its use for a wider set of time series data than previously considered appropriate. Their article has proven quite influential, with numerous papers justifying their methodological choices with reference to De Boef and Keele's contribution.Grant and Lebo (2016) take issue with the increasing use of the GECM in political science and argue that the methodology is widely misused and abused by practitioners. Given the recent surge of research conducted using error correction methods, there is every reason to take their suggestions seriously and provide a fuller discussion of the points they raise in their paper. The present symposium serves such a role. It consists of Grant and Lebo's critique, a detailed response by Keele, Linn, and Webb (2016b), and shorter comments by Esarey (2016), Freeman (2016), and Helgason (2016). Finally, Lebo and Grant (2016) and Keele, Linn, and Webb (2016a) reflect on the contributions made in the symposium, as well as discuss outstanding issues.
Node-link mapping, an asset?
Authors: Melton Vanessa , Ledwith Sue 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of node-link mapping (NLM) on the effectiveness of a structured treatment for dual diagnosis for men living in a low-secure environment.Design/methodology/approach– In total, 15 participants were recruited and randomly allocated to one of two conditions. The control group, treatment as usual (TAU) or the treatment group, TAU with NLM. Outcome measures used were: a qualitative evaluation form, The Alcohol and Illegal Drugs Decisional Balance Scale and the Brief Situational Confidence Questionnaire.Findings– Results indicate no statistically significant difference for either group on the pre- and post-treatment outcome measures used. Qualitative data indicated that those using NLM reported the intervention as useful and instructive more often.Research limitations/implications– The results gained were only a snapshot of the intervention straight after treatment and did not take into account any long-term benefits of therapy such as substance use relapse rates. The outcome measures used may not have been properly understood by all respondents, or reflect practical change. The NLM tool may not have been used as confidently as TAU. The TAU condition needs to be reviewed to improve effectiveness, and NLM to be included to improve the accessibility. A study comparing other outcome tools needs to be completed. Training for staff using NLM may require coaching.Originality/value– This paper has a high/low originality. It highlights a number of advantages to NLM when comparing this to TAU.
Dual diagnoses among detained female systematic offenders
Authors: Blaauw Eric , Strijker Gytha , Boerema Yentl , Veersma Eric , van der Meer-Jansma Margreet , Anthonio Gabriel 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of psychopathology including substance use disorders in a sample of detained female systematic offenders.

Design/methodology/approach
– All case files of female systematic offenders who had been subjected to a special court order for systematic offenders in the period 2004-2014 were studied. A total of 81 fairly complete case files were selected for the study. These were all systematic offenders as they had been sentenced for at least 25 offences with an average of 102 offences over a period of 17.5 years.

Findings
– All except one woman were addicted to substances in the past year, with an average duration of addiction of 21 years. In addition, 53 per cent were diagnosed with another DSM Axis I disorder and 73 per cent were diagnosed with a personality disorder. Furthermore, 32-59 per cent were found to have intellectual dysfunctions. In total, 12 per cent had one type of the above disorders, 43 per cent two types, 31 per cent three types and 14 per cent all four types. The prevalence rates of these disorders were higher than those reported in other prison studies.

Research limitations/implications
– It is concluded that female systematic offenders can be characterised as problematic in many respects. Even in such a problematic group treatment can be provided.

Originality/value
– The present study is the only study that provides prevalence data of mental disorders among female systematic offenders.
Project delivery systems for nZEB projects
Authors: Kantola Mikko , Saari Arto 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The paper aims to reveal the most functioning project delivery systems for nearly zero-energy building (nZEB) projects. The focus is set to reveal the qualities of the systems that support the nZEB goals and sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach
– Research method used in this paper is inductive reasoning. The reasoning is based on existing literature, and conclusions are drawn by combining pieces of that literature.

Findings
– The state-of-the-art heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and insulation requirements of nZEB technology and the lack of experience in the industry regarding nZEB projects suggest that modern collaboration-based project delivery systems should be favoured. The authors found that the most suitable project delivery system for a standard nZEB project is the integrated project delivery (IPD), which binds the financial goals of the main parties together via a reimbursement solution: target pricing. The authors also found the construction management (CM) at-risk system a suitable solution, especially if it is modified by adding the tools utilised in the IPD approach, thereby making it an IPD lite system.

Originality/value
– The paper has value for the entire construction industry in Finland and European Union (EU). The owners and construction companies can use the findings in their development efforts towards nZEB construction. The EU 2020 nZEB degree makes all the findings concerning practicalities of nZEB projects valuable due to the lack of time and the lack of experience in the industry.
Risk analysis in maintainability of high-rise buildings under tropical conditions using ensemble neural network
Authors: De Silva Nayanthara , Ranasinghe Malik , De Silva Chathura Ranjan 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The aim of this research study is to develop a risk-based framework that can quantify maintainability to forecast future maintainability of a building at early stages as a decision tool to minimize increase of maintenance cost.

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey-based approach was used to explore the risk factors in the domain of maintainability risks under tropical environmental conditions. The research derived ten risk factors based on 58 identified causes related to maintainability issues as common to high-rise buildings in tropical conditions. Impact of these risk factors was evaluated using an indicator referred to as the “maintenance score (MS)” which was derived from the “whole-life maintenance cost” involved in maintaining the expected “performance” level of the building. Further, an ensemble neural network (ENN) model was developed to model the MS for evaluating maintainability risks in high-rise buildings.

Findings
– Results showed that predictions from the model were highly compatible and in the same order when compared with calculations based on actual past data. It further showed that, maintainability of buildings could be improved if the building was designed, constructed and managed properly by controlling their maintainability risks.

Originality/value
– The ENN model was used to analyze maintainability of a high-rise building. Thus, it provides a useful tool for designers, clients, facilities managers/maintenance managers and users to analyze maintainability risks of buildings at early stages.
IJPDLM’s 45th anniversary: a retrospective bibliometric analysis and future directions
Authors: Ellinger Alexander  E. , Chapman Karen 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– After 40 years, IJPDLM received its first impact factor from Web of Science in 2010. This anniversary editorial provides a retrospective bibliometric assessment of IJPDLM over its initial five years as a Web of Science journal (2011-2015). First, IJPDLM’s citation metrics are compared to those for the Web of Science journal subject category of Management. Next, IJPDLM’s most cited articles, best papers and special issues together with the international diversity of the journal’s author base from 2011 to 2015 are reviewed. The analysis also presents the journals that cite IJPDLM most frequently, as well as the journals most frequently cited in IJPDLM. Finally, IJPDLM is compared to peer journals in the logistics and SCM field on various scholarly metrics including impact factor, five-year impact factor, h5-index, number of citations received and self-citation rate. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Retrospective bibliometric analysis of IJPDLM from 2011 to 2015.

Findings
– Boosted by the journal’s admission to Web of Science in 2010, IJPDLM has made steady progress toward fulfilling the mission of providing its constituents with timeliness, inclusiveness and impact.

Practical implications
– The comparison of IJPDLM’s scholarly metrics with those of peer journals and journals in the Web of Science Management category will be of interest and value to logistics and SCM researchers.

Originality/value
– The retrospective overview and celebration of IJPDLM’s progress over the last five years and future directions will be of interest to the journal’s stakeholders and prospective authors.
Temporal effects of information from social networks on online behavior
Authors: Ha Hong-Youl , John Joby , John J. Denise , Chung Yong-Kyun 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the temporal effects of perceptions of information obtained from social networks (SNS) on online shopping behavior using trust as a mediator. The model adopts the two dimensional view of trust: cognitive and affective trust. The direct effects and indirect effects of information perceptions on behavioral intentions are empirically explored using a longitudinal approach. Specifically, we investigate the comparative roles of cognitive and affective trust on the influence of perceptions of information from SNS on online shopping behavior.Design/methodology/approach– The study was fielded at two points in time (TandT+1) that were approximately 14 months apart. The survey (T) was distributed via e-mail to 1,484 prospects. From this mailing, 297 prospects who had not replied and another 145 with missing data were removed, leaving 1,042 respondents. In all, 14 months later, the survey (T+1) was e-mailed to these 1,042 respondents who took part in the survey at time pointT. At time pointT+1, only 341 respondents from the original sample responded. After excluding those with missing values, the final sample included 313 respondents.Findings– The results show significant carryover effects from timeTto timeT+1 in perceptions of information obtained from a social network, in behavioral intentions and in both dimensions of trust. Furthermore, the study revealed that over time, the influence of affective trust is greater than that of cognitive trust, both in its effect on behavioral intentions as well as in its mediating role between information perceptions and behavioral intentions.Originality/value– The study contributes to the literature on the mediating roles of cognitive and affective trust in the development of behavioral intentions on over time in the social network environment.
Googling environmental issues
Authors: Qin Jie , Peng Tai-Quan 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– Queries as a pioneering measure of public attention on various social issues have elicited considerable scholarly attention. The purpose of this paper is to address two fundamental questions, as follows: first, how do we identify niche queries that internet users search for on specific social issues?; and second, what are the measurement properties of queries data in gauging public attention on social issues?Design/methodology/approach– The present study uses public attention on environmental issues in the USA as the empirical setting of research. An iterative framework is developed to identify niche queries to measure public attention on environmental issues. The measurement properties of queries data are assessed by comparing the dynamics of public attention on environmental issues captured by queries data with that measured by the “most important problem” (MIP) question in Gallup opinion polls.Findings– A list of 39 niche queries that internet users search for on environmental issues is identified. The dynamics of public attention on environmental issues determined by the search trends of these 39 queries is found to positively correlate with that measured by Gallup MIP polls, whereas both dynamics can forecast each other well in a 12-month time frame.Originality/value– The findings of the study possess methodological and practical implications. The study shows that queries data are complementary to, rather than substitutes of, public opinion polls in measuring public attention on environmental issues. The iterative framework developed in the study can be applied in future studies to help researchers identify valid queries to measure public attention on other social issues, as it can minimize researchers’ subjective biases in selecting search queries. Policymakers and environmentalists can utilize our approach to monitor the status of public attention on environmental issues and implement campaigns to mobilize favorable public opinion when the decline of public attention is predicted by the trends of web search queries.
Which UGC features drive web purchase intent? A spike-and-slab Bayesian Variable Selection Approach
Authors: Owusu Richard A , Mutshinda Crispin M , Antai Imoh , Dadzie Kofi Q , Winston Evelyn M 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify user-generated content (UGC) features that determine web purchase decision making.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors embed a spike-and-slab Bayesian variable selection mechanism into a logistic regression model to identify the UGC features that are critical to web purchase intent. This enables us to make a highly reliable analysis of survey data.

Findings
– The results indicate that the web purchase decision is driven by the relevance, up-to-dateness and credibility of the UGC information content.

Research limitations/implications
– The results show that the characteristics of UGC are seen as positive and the medium enables consumers to sort information and concentrate on aspects of the message that are similar to traditional word-of-mouth (WOM). One important implication is the relative importance of credibility which has been previously hypothesized to be lower in the electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) context. The results show that consumers consider credibility important as the improved technology provides more possibilities to find out about that factor. A limitation is that the data are not fully representative of the general population but our Bayesian method gives us high analytical quality.

Practical implications
– The study shows that UGC impacts consumer online purchase intentions. Marketers should understand the wide range of media that provide UGC and they should concentrate on the relevance, up-to-dateness and credibility of product information that they provide.

Originality/value
– The analytical quality of the spike- and- slab Bayesian method suggests a new way of understanding the impact of aspects of UGC on consumers.