bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole‐body MRI reveals high incidence of osteonecrosis in children treated for Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Littooij Annemieke S. , Kwee Thomas C. , Enríquez Goya , Verbeke Jonathan I. M. L. , Granata Claudio , Beishuizen Auke , de Lange Charlotte , Zennaro Floriana , Bruin Marrie C. A. , Nievelstein Rutger A. J. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryOsteonecrosis is a well‐recognized complication in patients treated with corticosteroids. The incidence of osteonecrosis in children treated for Hodgkin lymphoma is unknown because prospective whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are lacking in this patient population. Paediatric patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma who were treated according to a uniform paediatric Hodgkin protocol were eligible for inclusion in this prospective study. Whole‐body MRI was performed in all 24 included patients (mean age 15·1 years, 12 girls) both before treatment and after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, and in 16 patients after completion of chemotherapy. Osteonecrosis was identified in 10 patients (41·7%, 95% confidence interval: 22·0–61·4%), with a total of 56 osteonecrotic sites. Osteonecrosis was detected in 8 patients after 2 cycles of OEPA (vincristine, etoposide, prednisone, doxorubicin), and in 2 additional patients after completion of chemotherapy. Epiphyseal involvement of long bones was seen in 4 of 10 children. None of the patients with osteonecrosis had any signs of bone collapse at the times of scanning. Whole‐body MRI demonstrates osteonecrosis to be a common finding occurring during therapy response assessment of paediatric Hodgkin lymphoma. Detection of early epiphyseal osteonecrosis could allow for treatment before bone collapse and joint damage may occur.
PERSONALITY TRAITS AND THE PERCEPTION OF MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS: SURVEY EVIDENCE
Authors: Orland Andreas 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTI examine the determinants of both perceived inflation and unemployment in one single survey and include Big Five traits in the analysis. This is the first survey on this topic in Germany. My sample consists of 1771 students from different fields and levels. Using PhD students’ estimates as a reference, I create categories for underestimation and overestimation of both variables. Multinomial logit regressions show that females overestimate both variables. Education and news consumption reduce misestimation. A higher level of Neuroticism is related with a higher probability to overestimate unemployment. Overstating (understating) one indicator is associated with overstating (understating) the other.
Cannabimimetic phytochemicals in the diet – an evolutionary link to food selection and metabolic stress adaptation?
Authors: Gertsch Jürg 
Published: November 2016

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a major lipid signalling network that plays important pro‐homeostatic (allostatic) roles not only in the nervous system but also in peripheral organs. There is increasing evidence that there is a dietary component in the modulation of the ECS. Cannabinoid receptors in hominids co‐evolved with diet, and the ECS constitutes a feedback loop for food selection and energy metabolism. Here, it is postulated that the mismatch of ancient lipid genes of hunter‐gatherers and pastoralists with the high‐carbohydrate diet introduced by agriculture could be compensated for via dietary modulation of the ECS. In addition to the fatty acid precursors of endocannabinoids, the potential role of dietary cannabimimetic phytochemicals in agriculturist nutrition is discussed. Dietary secondary metabolites from vegetables and spices able to enhance the activity of cannabinoid‐type 2 (CB2) receptors may provide adaptive metabolic advantages and counteract inflammation. In contrast, chronic CB1 receptor activation in hedonic obese individuals may enhance pathophysiological processes related to hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, hepatorenal inflammation and cardiometabolic risk. Food able to modulate the CB1/CB2 receptor activation ratio may thus play a role in the nutrition transition of Western high‐calorie diets. In this review, the interplay between diet and the ECS is highlighted from an evolutionary perspective. The emerging potential of cannabimimetic food as a nutraceutical strategy is critically discussed.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc
News shocks and labour market dynamics in matching models
Authors: Theodoridis Konstantinos , Zanetti Francesco 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe enrich a baseline real business cycle (RBC) model with search and matching frictions on the labour market and real frictions that are helpful in accounting for the response of macroeconomic aggregates to shocks. The analysis allows shocks to have an unanticipated and a news (i.e., anticipated) component. The Bayesian estimation of the model reveals that the model that includes news shocks on macroeconomic aggregates produces a remarkable fit of the data. News shocks in stationary and non‐stationary TFP, investment‐specific productivity and preference shocks significantly affect labour market variables and explain a sizeable fraction of macroeconomic fluctuations at medium‐ and long‐run horizons. Historically, news shocks have played a relevant role for output, but they have had a limited influence on unemployment.
The early intervention message: perspectives of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Edwards A. , Brebner C. , McCormack P. , MacDougall C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is strong evidence that early intervention (EI) can improve outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and consequently, the importance of EI has been widely promoted to families of children with ASD. However, the perspectives of parents of children with ASD regarding the EI message have not been widely examined.MethodsThis study used qualitative methods to explore parental perspectives on the EI message. Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 14 participants from 12 family units to explore the perspectives of parents of children with ASD on the EI message. Thematic analysis was undertaken on the data.ResultsThree central themes were constructed following data analysis: (i) parents' initial perceptions of EI following their child's diagnosis with ASD; (ii) the consequences (both positive and negative) of the EI message; and (iii) parents' perspectives on life after EI. The results of this study indicated that parents were acutely aware of the importance of EI, and although this provided parents with hope immediately post‐diagnosis, it also placed pressure on parental decision‐making regarding which intervention approaches to access for their children with ASD.ConclusionsThe results of this study highlight the importance of carefully considering how health messages, specifically the importance of EI, are communicated to families of children with ASD. Furthermore, the findings of this study also highlight the need for allied health professionals to communicate openly with parents about the anticipated outcomes of EI programmes.
Causes and Consequences of Children's Forgiveness
Authors: van der Wal Reine C. , Karremans Johan C. , Cillessen Antonius H. N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlthough the topic of forgiveness has received much attention in research with adults, little is known about the precursors of forgiveness in children. This is unfortunate because research suggests that the capacity to forgive is associated with numerous beneficial outcomes, such as improved social relationships and psychological well‐being. In this article, we examine the determinants and consequences associated with children's propensity to forgive. In the first part, we focus on four determinants: the role of children's characteristics, the relationship between victim and offender, the peer group, and family background. We propose that these determinants—together and on their own—predict children's forgiveness. In the second part, we provide an overview of the consequences of children's forgiveness, both at intrapersonal and interpersonal levels. We close with suggestions for research.
Multimodal analysis based on high‐field magnetic resonance and motor evoked potentials: A case report of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Nakane Shunya , Furutani Kaori , Harada Masafumi , Urushihara Ryo , Matsui Naoko , Izumi Yuishin , Kaji Ryuji 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging is widely used in the evaluation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Diffusion tensor imaging can provide information about structural changes in MS that is inaccessible with other magnetic resonance imaging techniques.Case presentationWe describe the case of a 13‐year‐old girl presenting with muscle weakness in the right lower limb related to a relapse of MS. The patient underwent full tensor imaging with a high‐field magnetic resonance imaging unit and motor evoked potential recording at the phases of relapse and remission. In the diffusion tensor tractography, tracing the left pyramidal tract fiber bundles was improved at relapse compared with at remission. Central motor conduction times and latency were normal at both relapse and remission, but amplitude levels for cortical motor stimulation were higher during remission than relapse. The findings of diffusion tensor imaging reflected the motor evoked potentials results and clinical course.ConclusionsWe tested a new technique that provides visualization of the pyramidal tracts in a patient with MS. Tractography was shown to be a clinically feasible technique that correlates well with clinical symptoms and motor evoked potentials.
Ten‐year all‐cause mortality and its association with vision among Indigenous Australians within Central Australia: the Central Australian Ocular Health Study
Authors: Liu Ebony , Ng Soo K , Kahawita Shyalle , Andrew Nicholas H , Henderson Tim , Craig Jamie E , Landers John 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundNo studies to date have explored the association of vision with mortality in Indigenous Australians. We aimed to determine the 10‐year all‐cause mortality and its associations among Indigenous Australians living in Central Australia.DesignProspective observational cohort study.ParticipantsA total of 1257 (93.0%) of 1347 patients from The Central Australian Ocular Health Study, over the age of 40 years, were available for follow‐up during a 10‐year period.MethodsAll‐cause mortality and its associations with visual acuity, age and gender were analysed.Main Outcome MeasuresAll‐cause mortality.ResultsAll‐cause mortality was 29.3% at the end of 10 years. Mortality increased as age of recruitment increased: 14.2% (40–49 years), 22.6% (50–59 years), 50.3% (60 years or older) (χ = 59.15; P < 0.00001). Gender was not associated with mortality as an unadjusted variable, but after adjustment with age and visual acuity, women were 17.0% less likely to die (t = 2.09; P = 0.037). Reduced visual acuity was associated with increased mortality rate (5% increased mortality per one line of reduced visual acuity; t = 4.74; P < 0.0001) after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes and hypertension.ConclusionsThe 10‐year all‐cause mortality rate of Indigenous Australians over the age of 40 years and living in remote communities of Central Australia was 29.3%. This is more than double that of the Australian population as a whole. Mortality was significantly associated with visual acuity at recruitment. Further work designed to better understand this association is warranted and may help to reduce this disparity in the future.
Climate and season: the effects on ophthalmic diseases
Authors: Qassim Ayub , Viki Mthulisi , Ng Soo Khai , Jersmann Hubertus , Casson Robert J 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSeasonal changes and climate have a significant impact on human health. Diseases influenced by temperature and climate conditions are likely to undergo dynamic pattern shifts with consequent impact on human health. A number of infectious and non‐infectious ophthalmic diseases are influenced by temperature and seasonality. Awareness of this is important from public and global health perspective in addition to resource allocation strategies. We examine the evidence for a seasonal pattern to ophthalmic diseases and assess the possible impact of climate change.
Reexamining CEO duality: The surprisingly problematic issues of conceptualization and measurement
Authors: Gove Steve , Junkunc Marc , Bruyaka Olga , Kabbach de Castro Luiz Ricardo , Larraza‐Kintana Martin , Mingo Santiago , Song Yue , Thakur Wernz Pooja 
Published: November 2016

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueWhile corporate governance research is the beneficiary of advances in research methodologies and statistical techniques, less attention has been placed on variable measurement. This paper draws into question the conceptualization and measurement of CEO duality by highlighting its largely unrecognized instability and the challenges instability imposes on measuring dichotomous variables. CEO duality is widely used in corporate governance research and frequently operationalized dichotomously as a dummy variable. We present examples of the frequent changes in duality within organizations which challenge our current view of CEO duality.Research Findings/InsightsWe find that the instability of CEO duality in practice varies considerably at both the national and within‐firm levels. We find that a mismatch exists between the current conceptualization of CEO duality, actual patterns of data, and the measures used by governance researchers. The paper draws attention to the limits of conceptualizing and measuring what is seemingly dichotomous data, reviews these in research and in practice, and provides examples, recommendations and assessments of alternate ways existing data can be used.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur results draw into question the reliance on a simple dichotomous conceptualization and operationalization of CEO duality in governance research. Data limitations of corporate governance research may be alleviated by directly assessing stability of duality within firms and reimagining concepts in ways that can be measured using existing data.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsCEO duality, a legal but discouraged governance structure, may be changed intentionally or result from a variety of temporary firm‐level factors. Assessing the longitudinal patterns in duality and underlying causes for temporary changes in duality should be incorporated into evaluations of firm governance structures.
Barriers to the use of a federal travel grant by living kidney donors
Authors: Hays Rebecca E. , Thomas Amy Elaine , Mathias Erin , Mezrich Joshua , Mandelbrot Didier A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLiving organ donation involves significant out‐of‐pocket costs, which burden donor candidates and may be an obstacle to donation. There is a single US grant (the National Living Donor Assistance Center—NLDAC) to cover live donor travel costs. Although there may be center‐specific variability in grant utilization, prospective donors—and their intended recipients—must also meet eligibility criteria. In fact, the NLDAC grant is used by <10% of US live donors annually. We studied 154 consecutive kidney donor clinic evaluations (November 1, 2014‐August 30, 2015) to determine eligibility and usage patterns during the evaluation process. Of these, 63 (41%) were local, had travel benefits, or declined. Of the remaining 91 prospective donors who might have benefited from grant support, only 29 (32%) obtained the grant. The other 62 (68%) did not meet eligibility screening. The major reason prospective donors were ineligible was that the recipient's household income was outside the required means test (ie, >300% of the federal poverty level) (n=51; 82%). The remaining exclusions (n=11; 18%) included being a nondirected donor, not meeting residency requirements, and “other.” Expanding NLDAC eligibility criteria—by broadening the recipient means test or by taking steps to eliminate it from the NLDAC charter—would reduce financial burdens associated with live donation.
Higher dose of CD34+ peripheral blood stem cells is associated with better survival after haploidentical stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients
Authors: Chen Yao , Xu Lan‐Ping , Liu Kai‐Yan , Chen Huan , Chen Yu‐Hong , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Wang Yu , Wang Feng‐Rong , Han Wei , Wang Jing‐Zhi , Yan Chen‐Hua , Huang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHaploidentical stem cell transplantation (SCT) is increasingly used to treat pediatric patients with malignant or nonmalignant hematological disorders. The CD34+ dose of bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) has been shown to be an important determinant of the transplant outcome in adults under various preparative regimens. However, knowledge of the effect of the CD34+ dose in pediatric haploidentical SCT is limited. We analyzed the data of 348 pediatric patients (aged 2‐18 years) with acute or chronic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and other hematological disorders that received a transplant between 2002 and 2012. The results of multivariate analysis showed that PBSC CD34+ counts greater than 1.01 × 106 kg−1 improved platelet engraftment, improved overall survival, and reduced nonrelapse mortality. In contrast, a higher PBSC CD34+ dose did not affect the incidence of acute or chronic graft‐versus‐host disease, including engraftment syndrome. These data suggest that a PBSC CD34+ dose greater than 1.01 × 106 kg−1 is optimal for pediatric haploidentical SCT.
Novel hepato‐preferential basal insulin peglispro (BIL) does not differentially affect insulin sensitivity compared with insulin glargine in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Porksen Niels , Linnebjerg Helle , Garhyan Parag , Lam Eric C. Q. , Knadler Mary P. , Jacober Scott J. , Hoevelmann Ulrike , Plum‐Moerschel Leona , Watkins Elaine , Gastaldelli Amalia , Heise Tim 
Published: November 2016

AimsBasal insulin peglispro (BIL) is a novel PEGylated basal insulin with a flat pharmacokinetic and glucodynamic profile and reduced peripheral effects, which results in a hepato‐preferential action. In Phase 3 trials, patients with T1DM treated with BIL had lower prandial insulin requirements, yet improved prandial glucose control, relative to insulin glargine (GL). We hypothesized that this may be because of an enhanced sensitivity to prandial insulin with BIL resulting from lower chronic peripheral insulin action.Materials and methodsTwo open‐label, randomized, 2‐period crossover clinical studies were conducted in 28 patients with T1DM and 24 patients with T2DM. In each study period, patients received once‐daily, individualized, stable, subcutaneous doses of BIL or GL for 5 weeks before a euglycaemic 2‐step hyperinsulinemic clamp procedure (with [6,6‐
2H2
]‐glucose in 12 of the patients with T1DM). M‐values were derived from the clamp procedure for all patients, with rate of glucose appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) and insulin sensitivity index (SI) determined from the clamps with [6,6‐
2H2
]‐glucose.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between BIL and GL in key measures of hepatic (% Ra suppression during the low‐dose insulin infusion; 78.7% with BIL, 81.8% with GL) or peripheral (M‐value and M/I during the high‐dose insulin infusion, Rd and SI) insulin sensitivity in patients with T1DM or T2DM.ConclusionsThe need to reduce prandial insulin observed with BIL during phase 3 trials cannot be explained by the differential effects of BIL and GL on sensitivity to prandial insulin in either T1DM or T2DM.
Quarantine host range testing of Pseudophilothrips ichini, a potential biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia, in North America and Hawaii
Authors: Wheeler Gregory S. , Manrique Veronica , Overholt William A. , McKay Fernando , Dyer Kirsten 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBrazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae), is an invasive weed of natural and agricultural areas of Florida, Hawaii, and Texas (USA). Biological control presents an environmentally safe and cost‐effective control method for invasive populations of this weed. Though many potential agents have been tested for specificity, nearly all have been rejected due to a broad host range. However, one species, a thrips Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), shows promise from field observations and quarantine host range tests. A series of no‐choice, choice, and multiple‐generation tests was conducted on 127 plant taxa (including five mango and four pistachio varieties) from 45 families and 33 orders. In no‐choice starvation tests, the thrips fed and produced offspring on the target weed (124 F1 adults per plant), whereas no or few (<4 F1 adults per plant) were obtained on non‐target species. The primary exception was another exotic invasive tree Schinus molle L., on which an average 20 F1 thrips adults were produced. No‐choice tests indicated that small numbers of F1 offspring were produced on nine other non‐target plant species. The numbers of F1 offspring produced on these plants were <3% of those produced on the target weed. In choice tests, on average two or fewer F1 adults were produced on four non‐target species tested, compared with 64 F1 adults on the target weed. Multiple‐generation tests indicated that three generations of thrips were maintained only on the target weed and S. molle with no differences between these two plant species or across generations. Thus, this thrips species has a narrow host range that includes the two invasive Schinus spp. tested here. If released, the thrips P. ichini will constitute safe and potentially effective biological control of Brazilian peppertree in North America and Hawaii.
A false‐positive food chain error associated with a generic predator gut content ELISA
Authors: Hagler James R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractConventional prey‐specific gut content ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assays are useful for identifying predators of insect pests in nature. However, these assays are prone to yielding certain types of food chain errors. For instance, it is possible that prey remains can pass through the food chain as the result of a secondary predator (hyperpredator) consuming a primary predator that had previously consumed the pest. If so, the pest‐specific assay will falsely identify the secondary predator as the organism providing the biological control services to the ecosystem. Recently, a generic gut content ELISA was designed to detect protein‐marked prey remains. That assay proved to be less costly, more versatile, and more reliable at detecting primary predation events than a prey‐specific PCR assay. This study examines the chances of obtaining a ‘false positive’ food chain error with the generic ELISA. Data revealed that the ELISA was 100% accurate at detecting protein‐marked Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) remains in the guts of two (true) primary predators, Hippodamia convergens Guérin‐Méneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Collops vittatus (Say) (Coleoptera: Melyridae). However, there was also a high frequency (70%) false positives associated with hyperpredators, Zelus renardii Kolenati (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), that consumed a primary predator that possessed protein‐marked L. hesperus in its gut. These findings serve to alert researchers that the generic ELISA, like the PCR assay, is susceptible to food chain errors.