bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling surface nuclear magnetic resonance at high-noise environments using a pre-polarization pulse
Authors: Lin Tingting , Yang Yujing , Teng Fei , Müller-Petke Mike 
Published: November 2017

Summary
The technique of surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR) has been widely used for hydrological investigations in recent years. Unfortunately, the detected SNMR signals are limited to tens of nanovolts and are thus susceptible to environmental noise. While pre-polarization pulses to enhance the detected signal amplitudes are common in laboratory applications, SNMR field testing has only utilized excitation pulses until now. In conducting measurements in China, we demonstrate that adding a pre-polarization field to the SNMR pulse sequence is feasible and allows for the reliable detection of SNMR signals in noisy scenarios that otherwise prohibit signal detection. We introduce a forward modelling for pre-polarization using SNMR and present a three-layer model obtained from inverse modelling that satisfies the observed data from the field experiment. We expect this development to open up new applications for SNMR technology, especially in high-noise level places, such as active mines.
Property Lines in the Mind: Consumers’ Psychological Ownership and Their Territorial Responses
Authors: Kirk Colleen P , Peck Joann , Swain Scott D 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPsychological ownership, or the feeling that something is mine, has garnered growing attention in marketing. While previous work focuses on the positive aspects of psychological ownership, this research draws attention to the darker side of psychological ownership—territorial behavior. Results of five experimental studies demonstrate that when consumers feel psychological ownership of a target, they are prone to perceptions of infringement and subsequent territorial responses when they infer that another individual feels ownership of the same target. Potential infringers are held less accountable when they acknowledge ownership prior to engaging in otherwise threatening behaviors, and when they could not be expected to know that a target is owned, as it was not clearly marked. In addition, high narcissists are subject to a psychological ownership metaperception bias, and are thus more apt than low narcissists to perceive infringement. A multitude of territorial responses are documented for both tangible (coffee, sweater, chair, pizza) and intangible (a design) targets of ownership. Further, consumers infer the psychological ownership of others from signals of the antecedents of psychological ownership: control, investment of self, and intimate knowledge. Theoretical implications for territoriality and psychological ownership are discussed, along with managerial implications and areas for future research.
Renal Decapsulation Prevents Intrinsic Renal Compartment Syndrome in Ischemia-Reperfusion–Induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Physiologic Approach*
Authors: Cruces Pablo , Lillo Pablo , Salas Camila , Salomon Tatiana , Lillo Felipe , González Carlos , Pacheco Alejandro , Hurtado Daniel E. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
Acute kidney injury is a serious complication with unacceptably high mortality that lacks of specific curative treatment. Therapies focusing on the hydraulic behavior have shown promising results in preventing structural and functional renal impairment, but the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. Our goal is to assess the effects of renal decapsulation on regional hemodynamics, oxygenation, and perfusion in an ischemic acute kidney injury experimental model.

Methods:
In piglets, intra renal pressure, renal tissue oxygen pressure, and dysoxia markers were measured in an ischemia-reperfusion group with intact kidney, an ischemia-reperfusion group where the kidney capsule was removed, and in a sham group.

Results:
Decapsulated kidneys displayed an effective reduction of intra renal pressure, an increment of renal tissue oxygen pressure, and a better performance in the regional delivery, consumption, and extraction of oxygen after reperfusion, resulting in a marked attenuation of acute kidney injury progression due to reduced structural damage and improved renal function.

Conclusions:
Our results strongly suggest that renal decapsulation prevents the onset of an intrinsic renal compartment syndrome after ischemic acute kidney injury.
Plasma 7-Hydroxymethotrexate Levels Versus Methotrexate to Predict Delayed Elimination in Children Receiving High-Dose Methotrexate
Authors: Fabresse Nicolas , Devictor Bénédicte , Pissier Christel , Chambost Hervé , Lacarelle Bruno , Michel Gérard , Solas Caroline 
Published: November 2017

Background:
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OHMTX) and creatinine and to evaluate the predictive value of 7-OHMTX levels on delayed elimination at 24 and 48 hours. In addition, differences in methotrexate (MTX), 7-OHMTX levels, and MTX metabolism using the ratio MTX/7-OHMTX were determined according to age.

Methods:
The authors included a total of 106 cycles, corresponding to 33 patients (mean age: 9.8 years, range: 2–18 years) suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and osteosarcoma and receiving high-dose MTX (HD-MTX). Plasma MTX, 7-OHMTX, and creatinine at T24 and T48 hours were measured.

Results:
Children older than 14 years had significantly higher MTX levels at T48 hours (1.25 versus 0.5 μmol/L, P < 0.05) and a higher MTX/7-OHMTX ratio (0.63 versus 0.20, P < 0.05) than children younger than 6 years. Plasma 7-OHMTX at T24 and T48 hours was positively correlated with serum creatinine and creatinine ratio at T24 and T48 hours. MTX levels provided a better specificity and sensitivity at both 24 and 48 hours than 7-OHMTX to predict delayed MTX elimination. A MTX threshold close to 0.83 μmol/L at T48 hours improved specificity from 58% to 82% and keeps sensitivity at 100%. The authors identified a cut-off at 65 μmol/L for MTX at T24 hours with a good sensitivity (75%) and specificity above 50%.

Conclusions:
These results confirm the concentration-dependent nephrotoxicity of 7-OHMTX. Children older than 14 years old had a higher MTX levels at 48 hours and a higher MTX/7-OHMTX ratio, suggesting a faster metabolism in younger children. This study identified a higher and more specific MTX threshold at T48 hours compared to those currently used, and a new threshold at T24 hours.
Systematic Review of Salivary Versus Blood Concentrations of Antituberculosis Drugs and Their Potential for Salivary Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: van den Elsen Simone H. J. , Oostenbrink Lisette M. , Heysell Scott K. , Hira Daiki , Touw Daan J. , Akkerman Onno W. , Bolhuis Mathieu S. , Alffenaar Jan-Willem C. 
Published: November 2017

Background:Therapeutic drug monitoring is useful in the treatment of tuberculosis to assure adequate exposure, minimize antibiotic resistance, and reduce toxicity. Salivary therapeutic drug monitoring could reduce the risks, burden, and costs of blood-based therapeutic drug monitoring. This systematic review compared human pharmacokinetics of antituberculosis drugs in saliva and blood to determine if salivary therapeutic drug monitoring could be a promising alternative.Methods:On December 2, 2016, PubMed and the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge were searched for pharmacokinetic studies reporting human salivary and blood concentrations of antituberculosis drugs. Data on study population, study design, analytical method, salivary Cmax, salivary area under the time–concentration curve, plasma/serum Cmax, plasma/serum area under the time–concentration curve, and saliva–plasma or saliva–serum ratio were extracted. All included articles were assessed for risk of bias.Results:In total, 42 studies were included in this systematic review. For the majority of antituberculosis drugs, including the first-line drugs ethambutol and pyrazinamide, no pharmacokinetic studies in saliva were found. For amikacin, pharmacokinetic studies without saliva–plasma or saliva–serum ratios were found.Conclusions:For gatifloxacin and linezolid, salivary therapeutic drug monitoring is likely possible due to a narrow range of saliva–plasma and saliva–serum ratios. For isoniazid, rifampicin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, and clarithromycin, salivary therapeutic drug monitoring might be possible; however, a large variability in saliva–plasma and saliva–serum ratios was observed. Unfortunately, salivary therapeutic drug monitoring is probably not possible for doripenem and amoxicillin/clavulanate, as a result of very low salivary drug concentrations.
Comparison of Antifactor Xa and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Monitoring for Heparin Dosing in Vascular Surgery Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Rizk Elsie , Wilson Allison D. , Murillo Michelle U. , Putney David R. 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Vascular surgery patients often require anticoagulation with intravenous unfractionated heparin monitored through antifactor Xa (anti-Xa) levels or the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). This study compares the 2 monitoring strategies in terms of major bleeding events in the vascular surgery population.

Methods:
This was a single-center, retrospective study that included patients treated with a pharmacy-managed heparin protocol monitored by either anti-Xa or aPTT after vascular surgery. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients experiencing major bleeding events after procedure. Secondary outcomes evaluated minor bleeding episodes, postprocedure packed red blood cell transfusions, and the incidence of thrombotic events. In a secondary analysis, simultaneously measured anti-Xa and aPTT values were identified and analyzed for discordance.

Results:
Major bleeding occurred in 12/72 patients (17%) on the anti-Xa–monitored protocol versus 5/62 patients (8%) on the aPTT-monitored protocol (P = 0.19). Minor bleeding episodes were documented in 10% of the patients in the anti-Xa group versus 6% in the aPTT group (P = 0.54). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in packed red blood cell transfusions and thrombotic events. Of 109 pairs of simultaneously measured anti-Xa and aPTT values, 39 pairs (36%) showed relatively high aPTT values compared with corresponding anti-Xa levels. Nine patients who had these discordant test results experienced bleeding while their heparin drip was titrated based on lower anti-Xa values.

Conclusions:
The use of anti-Xa levels for heparin titration showed higher rates of major bleeding complications in vascular surgery patients compared with aPTT monitoring, but no significant difference was identified in this study. Vascular surgery patients with relatively high aPTT to anti-Xa values may have an increased risk of bleeding complications when heparin is titrated based on anti-Xa levels.
Life Values as an Intrinsic Guide for Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Program Engagement
Authors: Ellis Jordan M. , Whited Matthew C. , Freeman John Taylor , Corson Ansley T. , Jameson John Paul , Greenway Stacey , Sager David M. , Midgette Emily P. , Varju Eliza V. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
Participation in cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation (CVPR) programs can lead to improved functional abilities and improved quality of life, but attendance and adherence to these programs remain suboptimal. Behavioral therapies have emphasized the importance of life value identification as a guide for goal setting and behavior change for both psychological and physical health conditions. Individuals who choose to engage in behaviors that align with their life values are thought to be intrinsically reinforced. The purpose of the following qualitative study was to interview patients enrolled in CVPR about their own life values and motivating factors related to healthy behavior changes.

Methods:
Thirty cardiac or pulmonary patients were recruited from a CVPR program and participated in a semistructured interview about their life values and motivating factors related to program engagement. The data were transcribed and analyzed thematically.

Results:
Participants identified a wide range of values related to program engagement, and only half of the participants endorsed health as a value. The most frequently endorsed life values included being active, family, and independence. The interviews indicated that, although patients make lifestyle changes in the program to improve their physical health, there are often other values that primarily guide their choice to engage in and maintain lifestyle behaviors.

Conclusions:
Life values can serve as a powerful guide for individual behavior change. The present study suggests that the piloting of brief values interventions early in CVPR treatment is warranted and has the potential to improve patient outcomes.
Chemical Burns of the Eye: The Role of Retinal Injury and New Therapeutic Possibilities
Authors: Dohlman Claes H. , Cade Fabiano , Regatieri Caio V. , Zhou Chengxin , Lei Fengyang , Crnej Alja , Harissi-Dagher Mona , Robert Marie-Claude , Papaliodis George N. , Chen Dongfeng , Aquavella James V. , Akpek Esen K. , Aldave Anthony J. , Sippel Kimberly C. , D'Amico Donald J. , Dohlman Jan G. , Fagerholm Per , Wang Liqiang , Shen Lucy Q. , González-Andrades Miguel , Chodosh James , Kenyon Kenneth R. , Foster C. Stephen , Pineda Roberto , Melki Samir , Colby Kathryn A. , Ciolino Joseph B. , Vavvas Demetrios G. , Kinoshita Shigeru , Dana Reza , Paschalis Eleftherios I. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To propose a new treatment paradigm for chemical burns to the eye - in the acute and chronic phases.

Methods:
Recent laboratory and clinical data on the biology and treatment of chemical burns are analyzed.

Results:
Corneal blindness from chemical burns can now be successfully treated with a keratoprosthesis, on immediate and intermediate bases. Long term outcomes, however, are hampered by early retinal damage causing glaucoma. New data suggest that rapid diffusion of inflammatory cytokines posteriorly (TNF-α, etc) can severely damage the ganglion cells. Prompt anti-TNF-α treatment is markedly neuroprotective. Long term profound reduction of the intraocular pressure is also vital.

Conclusion:
A new regimen, in addition to standard treatment, for severe chemical burns is proposed. This involves tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibition promptly after the accident (primarily for retinal neuroprotection), prophylactic maximal lowering of the intraocular pressure (starting immediately), and keratoprosthesis implantation in a later quiet state.
Successful Management of Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis With Minimally Invasive Mediastinal Interventions
Authors: Kline David A. , Booher Katelyn J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis is a rare and often lethal complication of odontogenic infections despite modern medical advances. We report a case of Ludwig angina leading to descending necrotizing mediastinitis complicated by jugular septic thrombophlebitis and suppurative pericarditis successfully treated with newer, minimally invasive mediastinal interventions.
Danger in Paradise
Authors: Dobosz Anna , Jagarlamudi Rajasekhar , Ferguson Eric , Otto Michael , Kothari Neelay 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Salmonella-causing osteomyelitis of the sacroiliac joint in healthy young adults is extremely rare. We report a case of a young healthy woman who presented with fever and low back pain after a trip. She was subsequently found to have Salmonella oranienburg bacteremia and associated sacroiliac osteomyelitis. After prolonged parenteral and oral antibiotics, she recovered without complications.
Hyperammonemia as a Manifestation of Mycobacterium tilburgii Infection
Authors: ten Doesschate Thijs , Meinders Arend-Jan , Voorn Geert Paul , Kummer Jean Alain , Moeniralam Hazra 
Published: November 2017

Background

Mycobacterium tilburgii is an opportunistic pathogen that has only been described 11 times in the literature. Hyperammonemia as a resulting symptom of a mycobacterial infection has only been reported once. We describe a patient with a disseminated M. tilburgii infection, leading to hyperammonemia.

Case Presentation
A 57-year-old man was referred with stupor, rapidly declining to coma. Hyperammonemia was found as the underlying cause. Ammonia-lowering interventions had an overall disappointing effect. Frequent causes of hyperammonemia were excluded. Finally, a disseminated opportunistic M. tilburgii infection was diagnosed by using 16sRNA sequencing. A combination of antimicrobial drugs was started, after which ammonia level declined and consciousness improved. Unfortunately, it failed to eradicate the infection. The patient died od pneumonia and multiorgan failure.

Conclusions
Hyperammonemia requires an urgent response to prevent cerebral damage. M. tilburgii is not cultivable and diagnosis is performed using 16S RNA sequencing. Long-term antimicrobial drugs are required for eradication.
Neisseria meningitidis Causing Acute Epiglottitis in an Adult
Authors: Raja Nadeem Sajjad 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
With the advent of vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae serotype B, acute epiglottitis in children has significantly decreased in the past several decades. As a result, now most cases of acute epiglottitis occur in adult population. Neisseria meningitidis epiglottitis is rare in humans. We report a case of acute epiglottitis caused by N. meningitidis in an 82-year-old patient from East Sussex Healthcare Trust, United Kingdom. This patient presented to our emergency department with odynophagia, sore throat, pyrexia, and respiratory distress. Examination revealed severe swelling in the epiglottis and surrounding areas. The airway was secured rapidly by intubation. Blood culture yielded N. meningitidis serotype W135. The patient was treated with appropriate antibiotics and discharged well. All contacts and the health care personnel who were involved in the management of this patient, who met with the prophylaxis criteria, received chemoprophylaxis. This patient was similar to those previously reported (11 cases) in the literature in terms of the following: (a) clinical presentation, (b) intubation to secure airway, (c) responding well to the antimicrobial therapy, (d) received steroids, and (e) discharged well. We also describe the epidemiological features of 11 patients with acute epiglottitis caused by N. meningitidis.
Factor Structure of the Quality of Life Scale for Mental Disorders in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: CHIU En-Chi , LEE Shu-Chun 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
The Quality of Life for Mental Disorders (QOLMD) scale was designed to measure health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with mental illness, especially schizophrenia. The QOLMD contains 45 items, which are divided into eight domains. However, the factor structure of the QOLMD has not been evaluated, which restricts the interpretations of the results of this scale.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factor structures (i.e., unidimensionality, eight-factor structure, and second-order model) of the QOLMD in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods:
Two hundred thirty-eight outpatients with schizophrenia participated. We first conducted confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the unidimensionality of each domain. After the unidimensionality of the eight individual domains was supported, we examined the eight-factor structure and second-order model.

Results:
The results of unidimensionality showed sufficient model fit in all of the domains with the exception of the autonomy domain. A good model fit was confirmed for the autonomy domain after deleting two of the original items. The eight-factor structure for the 43-item QOLMD showed an acceptable model fit, although the second-order model showed poor model fit.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
Our results supported the unidimensionality and eight-factor structure of the 43-item QOLMD. The sum score for each of the domains may be used to reflect its domain-specific function. We recommend using the 43-item QOLMD to capture the multiple domains of HRQOL. However, the second-order model showed an unsatisfactory model fit. Furthermore, caution is advised when interpreting overall HRQOL using the total score for the eight domains.
Graduate Medical Education Funding and Curriculum in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Authors: Perret Danielle , Knowlton Tiffany , Worsowicz Gregory 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This national survey highlights graduate medical education funding sources for physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residency programs as well as perceived funding stability, alignment of the current funding and educational model, the need of further education in postacute care settings, and the practice of contemporary PM&R graduates as perceived by PM&R department/division chairs. Approximately half of the reported PM&R residency positions seem to be funded by Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services; more than 40% of PM&R chairs believe that their residency program is undersized and nearly a quarter feel at risk for losing positions. A total of 30% of respondents report PM&R resident experiences in home health, 15% in long-term acute care, and 52.5% in a skilled nursing facility/subacute rehabilitation facility. In programs that do not offer these experiences, most chairs feel that this training should be included. In addition, study results suggest that most PM&R graduates work in an outpatient setting. Based on the results that chairs strongly feel the need for resident education in postacute care settings and that most graduates go on to practice in outpatient settings, there is a potential discordance for our current Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services graduate medical education funding model being linked to the acute care setting.
Brief Report: Frequency of Monitoring Kidney Function in HIV-Uninfected Persons Using Daily Oral Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Pre-exposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Mugwanya Kenneth K. , Baeten Jared M. , Wyatt Christina , Mugo Nelly R. , Celum Connie L. , Ronald Allan , Kiarie John , Katabira Elly , Heffron Renee ,   for the Partners PrEP Study and Partners Demonstration Project Teams
Published: November 2017

Background:
Wide-scale implementation of oral tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention is now policy in many settings. However, the optimal frequency for monitoring kidney function remains uncertain. We investigated the impact of 6-monthly compared with 3-monthly creatinine clearance (CrCl) monitoring on the identification of moderate kidney dysfunction, defined as CrCl <60 mL/min.

Methods:
Data were from 2 prospective daily oral PrEP studies in Kenya and Uganda: the Partners PrEP Study, a randomized safety, and efficacy trial of PrEP that conducted 3-monthly CrCl monitoring (n = 4404) and the Partners Demonstration Project (n = 954), an open-label delivery study of PrEP that used 6-monthly monitoring. CrCl ≥60 mL/min was required for enrollment in both studies. Abnormal results were followed with confirmatory testing within approximately 1 week. Follow-up was for up to 24 months.

Results:
Of 5358 participants included in the analysis, 87% were younger than 45 years, a third were female, and 21% had a baseline CrCl between 60 and 90 mL/min. Confirmed CrCl <60 mL/min events were rare, occurring in 52 individuals (<1%) in 24 months. The 12-month cumulative proportion of persons with CrCl <60 mL/min was 0.2% with 3-monthly screening and 0.5% with 6-monthly screening. Older age (>45 years), lower weight (<55 kg), elevated blood pressure (>140 mm Hg), and baseline CrCl between 60 and 90 mL/min were independently associated with CrCl decline <60 mL/min during follow-up.

Conclusions:
In these 2 PrEP studies, with generally young participants, the occurrence and pattern of clinically relevant decline in CrCl were not qualitatively different based on 3- or 6-monthly CrCl monitoring schedule. These data suggest that for most persons receiving PrEP for up to 24 months, less frequent CrCl monitoring would be safe and reduce required expenditures for repeat confirmatory testing.