bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioglass® 45S5‐based composites for bone tissue engineering and functional applications
Authors: Rizwan M. , Hamdi M. , Basirun W. J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBioglass® 45S5 (BG) has an outstanding ability to bond with bones and soft tissues, but its application as a load‐bearing scaffold material is restricted due to its inherent brittleness. BG‐based composites combine the amazing biological and bioactive characteristics of BG with structural and functional features of other materials. This article reviews the composites of Bioglass®in combination with metals, ceramics and polymers for a wide range of potential applications from bone scaffolds to nerve regeneration. Bioglass®also possesses angiogenic and antibacterial properties in addition to its very high bioactivity; hence, composite materials developed for these applications are also discussed. BG‐based composites with polymer matrices have been developed for a wide variety of soft tissue engineering. This review focuses on the research that suggests the suitability of BG‐based composites as a scaffold material for hard and soft tissues engineering. Composite production techniques have a direct influence on the bioactivity and mechanical behavior of scaffolds. A detailed discussion of the bioactivity,in vitroandin vivobiocompatibility and biodegradation is presented as a function of materials and its processing techniques. Finally, an outlook for future research is also proposed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3197–3223, 2017.
Restructured low‐fat cooked ham containing liquid whey fortified with lactulose
Authors: Oliveira Cristiane A , Massingue Armando A , Moura Ana Paula R , Fontes Paulo Rogério , Ramos Alcinéia LS , Ramos Eduardo M 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurrent health concerns have driven consumers to request products with nutritional and physiological advantages, which can be achieved by using prebiotic ingredients. Lactulose is a prebiotic with excellent functional properties and can be easily incorporated into meat products through the addition of liquid whey. This study investigated the technological and sensorial quality of restructured cooked ham elaborated without liquid whey added (control) and with liquid whey containing different contents (0, 30, 60 and 100 g kg−1) of lactulose.RESULTSLiquid whey did not change any technological or sensorial characteristics of the product, but the general acceptability decreased due to addition of lactulose. Samples with higher lactulose concentrations had lower moisture content, pH and refreezing loss and increased carbohydrate content. Control and whey added samples had higher lightness and lower intense color than samples with lactulose. Liquid whey additions with higher lactulose content increased hardness and chewiness of the samples.CONCLUSIONRestructured cooked hams formulated with liquid whey and 30 g kg−1 of lactulose had minimal effects on the technological properties and sensory characteristics and, due to the possible benefits conferred by the prebiotic, is a potential alternative to provide meat products with prebiotic activity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Accelerated three‐dimensional multispectral MRI with robust principal component analysis for separation of on‐ and off‐resonance signals
Authors: Levine Evan , Stevens Kathryn , Beaulieu Christopher , Hargreaves Brian 
Published: July 2017

PurposeTo enable highly accelerated distortion‐free MRI near metal by separating on‐ and off‐resonance to exploit the redundancy of slice‐phase encoding for the dominant on‐resonance component.MethodsMultispectral MRI techniques resolve off‐resonance distortions by a combination of limited excitation bins and additional encoding. Inspired by robust principal component analysis, a novel compact representation of multispectral images as a sum of rank‐one and sparse matrices corresponding to on‐ and off‐resonance respectively is described. This representation is used in a calibration‐free and model‐free reconstruction for data with an undersampling pattern that varies between bins. Retrospective undersampling was used to compare the proposed reconstruction and bin‐by‐bin compressed sensing. Hip images were acquired in eight patients with standard and prospectively undersampled three‐dimensional multispectral imaging, and image quality was evaluated by two radiologists on a 5‐point scale.ResultsExperiments with retrospective undersampling showed that the enhanced sparsity afforded by the separation greatly reduces reconstruction errors and artifacts. Images from prospectively undersampled multispectral imaging offered 2.6–3.4‐fold (18–24‐fold overall) acceleration compared to standard multispectral imaging with parallel imaging and partial‐Fourier acceleration with equivalence in all qualitative assessments within a tolerance of one point (P < 0.004).ConclusionThree‐dimensional multispectral imaging can be highly accelerated by varying undersampling between bins and separating on‐ and off‐resonance. Magn Reson Med 79:1495–1505, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Nurse managers’ attributes to promote change in their wards: a qualitative study
Authors: Kodama Yoshimi , Fukahori Hiroki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the processes that nurse managers use to promote change in their wards.DesignQualitative research.MethodsA grounded theory approach was used. Participants were 23 nurse managers and 17 nurses in Japan. Interviews were conducted between March 2014 – December 2015. Mainly, nurse managers’ data was analysed.ResultsThe change process led by the nurse managers was depicted as a four‐phased process of “having beliefs and empathizing with staff nurses to achieve goals explored by self.” Four attributes of nurse managers, “having both micro and macro perspectives,” “respecting own beliefs and external standards,” “being proactive,” and “having empathy for staff nurses,” were identified as indispensable factors promoting change in their wards.Nursing administrators should support the cultivation of nurse managers’ attributes for successful change.
The impact of non‐invasive prenatal testing on anxiety in women considered at high or low risk for aneuploidy after combined first trimester screening
Authors: Richmond Zara , Fleischer Ron , Chopra Maya , Pinner Jason , D'Souza Mario , Fridgant Yelena , Hyett Jonathan 
Published: July 2017

What's already known about this topic?

High‐risk combined first trimester screening results may create high levels of state anxiety.
This anxiety usually resolves upon receipt of a normal karyotype result through invasive testing. However, invasive testing itself provokes anxiety.
What does this study add?

Both high‐risk and low‐risk combined first trimester screening populations demonstrated similar trait anxiety levels and experienced a statistically significant reduction in state anxiety to similar final levels after they received a low‐risk non‐invasive prenatal testing result.
Effect of the tether length upon Truce‐Smiles rearrangement reactions
Authors: Fuss David , Wu Yu Qi , Grossi Michael R. , Hollett Joshua W. , Wood Tabitha E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis report examines the effect of substrate design upon the Truce‐Smiles rearrangement, an intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The length of the molecular spacer that tethers the carbanion nucleophile to the substituted benzene ring was found to have a strong influence on the ability of the substrate to undergo the reaction successfully. Our experimental results show highest yield of desired aryl migration product for substrates designed with a 3‐atom tether, which proceed through a 5‐membered spirocyclic intermediate. The results are interpreted in comparison with a survey of Truce‐Smiles rearrangements described in the literature and found to be consistent. Computational studies support the observed reactivity trend and suggest an explanation of a favorable combination of ring strain and electrostatic repulsion leading to optimal reactivity of the substrate designed with a 3‐atom tether. Comparison of our results with trends for related ring‐closing reactions illustrate the unique electrostatic features of the system studied herein.
Early versus late‐applied constraint‐induced movement therapy: A multisite, randomized controlled trial with a 12‐month follow‐up
Authors: Stock Roland , Thrane Gyrd , Anke Audny , Gjone Ragna , Askim Torunn 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and PurposeA direct comparison between the effects of constraint‐induced movement therapy (CIMT) applied early after stroke and that of CIMT applied in the chronic phase has not been conducted. This study aimed to compare the long‐term effects of CIMT applied 6 months after stroke with the results of CIMT applied within 28 days post‐stroke.MethodsThis study was a single‐blinded, multicentre, randomized controlled trial with a crossover design. Forty‐seven patients received CIMT either early (within 28 days) or 6 months after stroke. Both groups received standard rehabilitation and were tested at 5 time points. The primary outcome measure was Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT); the secondary measures were Nine‐Hole Peg Test (NHPT), the Fugl‐Meyer Assessment (FMA) of the upper extremity, Stroke Impact Scale, and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS).ResultsCompared with baseline data, both groups showed significant improvements in the primary and secondary outcome measures after 12 months. No significant differences between the 2 treatment groups were found before and after the delayed intervention group received CIMT at 6 months and during the 12‐month follow‐up. Both groups recovered considerably and showed only minor impairment (median FMA score of 64) after 6 months. The early intervention group showed an initially faster recovery curve of WMFT, NHPT, and MRS scores.DiscussionIn contrast to most CIMT studies, our study could not find an effect of CIMT applied 6 months after stroke. Our results indicate that commencing CIMT early is as good as delayed intervention in the long term, specifically in this group of patients who might have reached a ceiling effect during the first 6 months after stroke. Nevertheless, the early CIMT intervention group showed a faster recovery curve than the delayed intervention group, which can be a clinically important finding for patients in the acute phase.
The Hsp40 J‐domain modulates Hsp70 conformation and ATPase activity with a semi‐elliptical spring
Authors: Bascos Neil Andrew D. , Mayer Matthias P. , Bukau Bernd , Landry Samuel J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRegulatory protein interactions are commonly attributed to lock‐and‐key associations that bring interacting domains together. However, studies in some systems suggest that regulation is not achieved by binding interactions alone. We report our investigations on specific physical characteristics required of the Hsp40 J‐domain to stimulate ATP hydrolysis in the Hsp40‐Hsp70 molecular chaperone machine. Biophysical analysis using isothermal titration calorimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals the importance of helix rigidity for the maintenance of Hsp40 function. Our results suggest that the functional J‐domain acts like a semi‐elliptical spring, wherein the resistance to bending upon binding to the Hsp70 ATPase modulates the ATPase domain conformational change and promotes ATP hydrolysis.
Platelet-Derived Mitochondria Display Embryonic Stem Cell Markers and Improve Pancreatic Islet β-cell Function in Humans
Authors: Zhao Yong , Jiang Zhaoshun , Delgado Elias , Li Heng , Zhou Huimin , Hu Wei , Perez-Basterrechea Marcos , Janostakova Anna , Tan Qidong , Wang Jing , Mao Mao , Yin Zhaohui , Zhang Ye , Li Ying , Li Quanhai , Zhou Jing , Li Yunxiang , Martinez Revuelta Eva , Maria García-Gala Jose , Wang Honglan , Perez-Lopez Silvia , Alvarez-Viejo Maria , Menendez Edelmiro , Moss Thomas , Guindi Edward , Otero Jesus 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Diabetes is a major global health issue and the number of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases annually across multiple populations. Research to develop a cure must overcome multiple immune dysfunctions and the shortage of pancreatic islet β cells, but these challenges have proven intractable despite intensive research effort more than the past decades. Stem Cell Educator (SCE) therapy—which uses only autologous blood immune cells that are externally exposed to cord blood stem cells adhering to the SCE device, has previously been proven safe and effective in Chinese and Spanish subjects for the improvement of T1D, T2D, and other autoimmune diseases. Here, 4-year follow-up studies demonstrated the long-term safety and clinical efficacy of SCE therapy for the treatment of T1D and T2D. Mechanistic studies found that the nature of platelets was modulated in diabetic subjects after receiving SCE therapy. Platelets and their released mitochondria display immune tolerance-associated markers that can modulate the proliferation and function of immune cells. Notably, platelets also expressed embryonic stem cell- and pancreatic islet β-cell-associated markers that are encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Using freshly-isolated human pancreatic islets, ex vivo studies established that platelet-releasing mitochondria can migrate to pancreatic islets and be taken up by islet β cells, leading to the proliferation and enhancement of islet β-cell functions. These findings reveal new mechanisms underlying SCE therapy and open up new avenues to improve the treatment of diabetes in clinics.
The pernicious problem of streambed colmation: a multi‐disciplinary reflection on the mechanisms, causes, impacts, and management challenges
Authors: Wharton Geraldene , Mohajeri Seyed Hossein , Righetti Maurizio 
Published: July 2017

The accumulation of fine sediments in rivers is a pernicious problem with wide‐ranging consequences for the healthy functioning of rivers throughout the world. It is linked to a range of landuse changes and human activities that have increased sediment inputs leading to elevated fine sediment loads that exceed the sediment transport capacities of rivers. Surficial deposits of fine material can also create the conditions for fine sediment to move into and accumulate within the coarser bed substrate, a process known as colmation and the focus of this review. Colmation, also referred to as clogging, fine sediment infiltration, fine sediment deposition, ingress, infilling, intrusion of fines, siltation, and the surface–subsurface exchange of particles, is particularly damaging to river habitats and ecosystems. It causes degradation through the physical effects of reduced porosity and flow connectivity and the biogeochemical changes arising from the hydraulic and hydrological impacts and the effects of sediment‐bound contaminants, all of which can impact on river ecology. Different aspects of the phenomenon of colmation have been studied across a number of disciplines and over several decades and this paper synthesizes this wide literature to provide a multidisciplinary perspective on the mechanisms, causes, and impacts of colmation and discusses some key management challenges. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1231. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1231This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Science of Water > Water Quality
Wastewater irrigation: past, present, and future
Authors: Zhang Yucui , Shen Yanjun 
Published: July 2017

With population growth and social and economic development, water shortage is becoming a serious issue worldwide. As a key alternative water resource, wastewater can be used in agriculture to compensate for water shortages. Wastewater irrigation has a long development history and has undergone different phases in developing and developed countries. Untreated wastewater irrigation can come with numerous environmental problems. Strong management practices, such as the application of suitable treated and irrigated technologies, can be used to reap substantial benefits while minimizing risks. We discussed the major challenges associated with wastewater irrigation and its future use to help improve wastewater irrigation practices around the world.This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation
Subdifferential‐based implicit return‐mapping operators in Mohr‐Coulomb plasticity
Authors: Sysala Stanislav , Čermák Martin , Ligurský Tomáš 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe paper is devoted to constitutive solution, limit load analysis and Newton‐like methods in elastoplastic problems containing the Mohr‐Coulomb yield criterion. Within the constitutive problem, we introduce a self‐contained derivation of the implicit return‐mapping solution scheme using a recent subdifferential‐based treatment. Unlike conventional techniques based on Koiter's rules, the presented scheme a priori detects a position of the unknown stress tensor on the yield surface even if the constitutive solution cannot be found in a closed form. This eliminates blind guesswork from the scheme and enables to analyze properties of the constitutive operator. It also simplifies the construction of the consistent tangent operator, which is important for the semismooth Newton method when applied to the incremental boundary‐value elastoplastic problem. The incremental problem in Mohr‐Coulomb plasticity is combined with limit load analysis. Beside a conventional direct method of incremental limit analysis, a recent indirect one is introduced and its advantages are described. The paper contains 2D and 3D numerical experiments on slope stability with publicly available Matlab implementations.
Sonocrystallization of Interesterified Fats with 20 and 30% of Stearic Acid at the sn‐2 Position and Their Physical Blends
Authors: Kadamne Jeta V. , Ifeduba Ebenezer A. , Akoh Casimir C. , Martini Silvana 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPhysical blends (PB) of high oleic sunflower oil and tristearin with 20 and 30% stearic acid and their interesterified (IE) products where 20 and 30% of the fatty acids are stearic acid at the sn‐2 position crystallized without and with application of high intensity ultrasound (HIU). IE samples were crystallized at supercooling temperatures (ΔT) of 12, 9, 6, and 3 °C while PB were crystallized at ΔT = 12 °C. HIU induced crystallization in PB samples, but not in the IE ones. Induction in crystallization with HIU was also observed at ΔT = 6 and 3 °C for IE C18:0 20 and 30% and at ΔT = 9 °C only for the 30% samples. Smaller crystals were obtained in all sonicated samples. Melting profiles showed that HIU induced crystallization of low melting triacylglycerols (TAGs) and promoted co‐crystallization of low and high melting TAGs. In general, HIU significantly changed the viscosity, G′, and G″ of the IE 20% samples except at ΔT = 12 °C. While G′ and G″ of IE 30% did not increase significantly, the viscosity increased significantly at ΔT = 9, 6, and 3 °C from 1526 ± 880 to 6818 ± 901 Pa.s at ΔT = 3 °C. The improved physical properties of the sonicated IE can make them good contenders for trans‐fatty acids replacers.
The development of the Norwegian wrasse fishery and the use of wrasses as cleaner fish in the salmon aquaculture industry
Authors: Blanco Gonzalez Enrique , de Boer Femke 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNorway leads the world aquaculture production of Atlantic salmonSalmo salarand farmed Norwegian Atlantic salmon is currently consumed around the globe. However, sea lice infestation is a major problem faced by the salmon aquaculture industry in Norway and elsewhere. The use of wild-caught cleaner fish, mainly wrasses, has been recommended over the other available methods as the most economical and environmentally friendly option to control sea lice infestation in salmon farming. Here, we review the development of the Norwegian wrasse fishery and the use of wrasses as cleaner fish. In this document, we address the sea lice problem and introduce the main wrasse species employed as cleaner fish, document the cleaning behaviour of wrasses, present the development of a new wrasse fishery associated with the salmon aquaculture industry, and finally, we identify the main challenges associated with the intensive use of wild-caught cleaner wrasses and provide some insight for future directions of the wrasse fishery and further development of aquaculture techniques to supply salmon facilities with domesticated cleaner fish.
A Subtle Difference: On Ending One's Own Life in Muslim Religious Thought
Authors: HARTUNG JAN-PETER 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the focus of this article is the complex problem to validate the deliberate disposal of a Muslim's own life for an Islamically sustained cause – popularmodus operandiin the contemporary religiously inspired militant contexts – from a range of religious perspectives. While the general tenor suggest that such an action constitutes deliberate suicide(qatl nafsah)and is to be firmly rejected, the eschatological concept of ‘martyrdom’(istishhād)adds an alternative interpretation that allows for a positive and even commendable appraisal of such an act.It is shown here that, from the formative period of Islam onwards, Muslim exegetes, theologians, jurists and philosophers have struggled to come to some kind of agreement over what delineates ‘suicide’ from ‘martyrdom’. Underlying all those attempts is the question what constitutes ‘life’: it appears that the substantial differences in the appraisal of a Muslim's disposal of her or his own life are, in fact, rooted in different conceptions of ‘life’ itself. It is shown how the dismissal of such acts as ‘suicide’ or endorsement as ‘martyrdom’ was, and is, sustained by complex theological and philosophical arguments, including those of volition versus predetermination, as well as such on vegetative growth versus the eudemonistic ‘good life’. Depending on which view is being adopted, one and the same act of disposing one's own life can either be consistently denounced as religiously reprehensible, or equally consistently as religiously commendable.
A Haystack Heuristic for Autoimmune Disease Biomarker Discovery Using Next-Gen Immune Repertoire Sequencing Data
Authors: Apeltsin Leonard , Wang Shengzhi , von Büdingen H.-Christian , Sirota Marina 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLarge-scale DNA sequencing of immunological repertoires offers an opportunity for the discovery of novel biomarkers for autoimmune disease. Available bioinformatics techniques however, are not adequately suited for elucidating possible biomarker candidates from within large immunosequencing datasets due to unsatisfactory scalability and sensitivity. Here, we present the Haystack Heuristic, an algorithm customized to computationally extract disease-associated motifs from next-generation-sequenced repertoires by contrasting disease and healthy subjects. This technique employs a local-search graph-theory approach to discover novel motifs in patient data. We apply the Haystack Heuristic to nine million B-cell receptor sequences obtained from nearly 100 individuals in order to elucidate a new motif that is significantly associated with multiple sclerosis. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the Haystack Heuristic in computing possible biomarker candidates from high throughput sequencing data and could be generalized to other datasets.