bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing the History of Obscured Star Formation with the SIMBA Cosmological Galaxy Evolution Simulation
Authors: Zimmerman Dhruv T. , Narayanan Desika , Whitaker Katherine E. , Davé Romeel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We explore the cosmic evolution of the fraction of dust-obscured star formation predicted by the simba cosmological hydrodynamic simulations featuring an on-the-fly model for dust formation, evolution, and destruction. We find that up to z = 3, our results are broadly consistent with previous observational results of little to no evolution in obscured star formation. However, at z > 3 we find strong evolution at fixed galaxy stellar mass toward greater amounts of obscured star formation, in tension with high-redshift observations. We explain the trend of increasing obscuration at higher redshifts by evolving star-dust geometry, as the dust-to-stellar mass ratios remain relatively constant across cosmic time. We additionally see that at a fixed redshift, more massive galaxies have a higher fraction of their star formation obscured, which is explained by increased dust-to-stellar mass ratios at higher stellar masses. Finally, we estimate the contribution of dust-obscured star formation to the total star formation rate budget and find that the dust-obscured star formation history peaks around z ∼ 2−3, and becomes subdominant at z ≳ 5. The dominance of obscured star formation at redshifts z ≲ 4 is consistent with our results for the evolution of the obscured star formation fraction at fixed stellar mass to higher values at higher redshift because there exist fewer massive, heavily obscured galaxies at high redshift.
Constructing a Ciliate Slide Collection in Mexico: First Steps
Authors: Mayén-Estrada Rosaura , Durán-Ramírez Carlos 
Published: September 2024

Ciliophora is extremely diverse and probably the most studied group of heterotrophic protists, with cilia and a nuclear dimorphism (Simpson 2017). Records published in the 1920s identify 1026 species of ciliate protists (Alveolata: Ciliophora) in Mexico (Mayén-Estrada et al. 2020). Up to now, there has been no formal deposit of microscope slides in any collection in the country. The Protozoology Laboratory (at the Department of Comparative Biology in the Faculty of Sciences of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) houses ciliate-mounted slides that are the result of research projects and theses since the 1990s. We aim to check the condition and quality of the slides to formalize an institutional collection. To date, we have found slides documenting around 90 ciliate genera, including both free-living species and symbionts, collected in 13 states of the Mexican Republic (Fig. 1).
Slides contain representatives of the 11 classes proposed by Lynn (2008), with the genus Vorticella (Class Oligohymenophorea) distributed in 11 Mexican states, and the genus Bresslauides (Class Colpodea) only in one state. The slides were created with several stain and impregnation techniques (Figs 2, 3).
Our goal is to inform and share the challenges faced to maintain this collection and achieve its recognition, all while exploring the possibilities of sharing it with the scientific community as part of Mexican natural history and protistological biodiversity.
COVID-19 vaccine uptake among nursing officers: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka&nbsp;
Authors: Karunaratne Liyamini , Seneviwickrama Maheeka 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Vaccination against COVID-19 was considered an i mportant public health intervention to control the pandemic. However, the vaccine uptake was not satisfactory among Asian nurses and less explored in Sri Lankan setting. Objectives: To describe the compliance with the COVID-19 vacci ne among nurses in a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka with its associated factors Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2022, one year after the introduction of the COVID-19 vaccination to Sri Lanka. Stratified sampling method was used to select 415 nurses from District General Hospital Matara. Data collected using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire were summarized with descriptive statistics. Uptake of two primary doses and one booster dose was considered full compliance. The associations were evaluated with the Chi-squared test at p<0.05 significance level and adjusted f or confounders using multiple logistic regression. Results: With a 91.1% response rate (n=378), full compliance with the COVID-19 vaccine was noted among 51.8% (n=196). There had been an active demand for the first dose among 84.7% which declined to 70.9% and 26.7% by the second and booster doses, respectively. Only 107 (28.3%) were willi ng to accept another dose if recommended in the future. The most influential reason for vaccine uptake as reported by a majority was to prevent complications of COVID-19 disease. The most reported reason for reluctance was the vaccine’s inability to protect against new strains of the virus. Age, nursing qualifications, nursing grade and knowle dge on COVID-19 vaccine showed a significant association with vaccine uptake in bivariate analysis. However, onl y knowledge retained significant with vaccine uptake (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.9; 95% CI=1.2, 2.9; p=0.003) after adjusted for confounding effects using multiple logistic regression. Conclusions & Recommendations: There exists a gap in com pliance with COVID-19 vaccine among study participants. Targeted interventions should aim to empower and impr ove vaccine related knowledge among nurses in future vaccination programs.
Effectiveness of group work among the final radiography students of the National Diploma
Authors: Menwe Kealeboga P. , Hazell Lynne , Lawrence Heather A. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Group work is employed in higher education institutions to foster communication, collaborative learning, leadership qualities and teamwork skills. The rationale behind group work as a learning strategy is to ensure that graduates are equipped with teamwork skills.Aim: The aim of this study was to establish whether the final-year radiography students of the National Diploma curriculum in three universities in South Africa were exposed to effective group work.Setting: The study was conducted in three universities in South Africa, all of which offer diagnostic radiography programmes.Methods: This study used a non-experimental descriptive design to collect data. A purposive sampling technique was used to select participants. This was an attempt to conduct a census on 167 students, out of which 124 students responded to the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 74.25%.Results: The findings show that the majority (n = 81; 66.9%) of students did not enjoy group work, as 101 (81.5%) of them preferred less group projects. The results further demonstrated that participants rated factors such as co-operation, leadership, choice, diversity and effectiveness of group work neutral on the Likert scale.Conclusion: The study results imply that factors that contribute towards the effectiveness of group work should be incorporated into group activities in order for student radiographers to be exposed to effective group work. The gaps identified in this study indicate the need for a follow-up study within the current 4-year bachelor’s degree in radiography.Contribution: Identification of a gap in radiography education, which group work needs to be facilitated effectively.
Contextual entrepreneurship and gender: The case of Nigeria in relation to developed countries
Authors: Gutiérrez-Broncano Santiago , Jiménez-Estévez Pedro , Opute John , Díaz-García María-Cristina , Giraldo-Giraldo Camilo 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: There is a need to better understand the impact of different contexts depending on their economic and social development on women’s entrepreneurial experience, that is how belonging to certain cultures may affect women entrepreneurs’ experiences differently.Design/methodology/approach: Using interviews, this research explores the narratives of 35 women entrepreneurs in Nigeria (sub-Saharan Africa) in a context of scarcity and where the burden of care and support falls on women. It is important to understand how entrepreneurs feel and think about the barriers and catalysts they have encountered and their identity in specific contexts.Findings/results: In Nigeria, the discourse around women entrepreneurship revolves around personal characteristics that women should emphasise, such as self-confidence, self-efficacy and determination. Therefore, they build their identity in a communitarian and pluralistic way, which is not common in developed countries that are more individualistic.Practical implications: We cannot assume that a developed world perspective, however dominant, is well-equipped to explain entrepreneurship everywhere. In developing countries, women still must fight for their legitimacy as entrepreneurs, while in developed countries women show greater agency in trying to counteract the gendered construction of entrepreneurship.Originality/value: The article follows calls in the literature, specifically that dealing with women’s entrepreneurship, to contextualise the analysis, focus on developing countries and use a qualitative approach.
Investigation of neuroprotective effects of H2 by CiteSpace-based bibliometric analysis
Authors: Feng Yan , Wu Chuanjie , Song Baoying , Zhang Yang , Jiang Miaowen , Qi Zhengfei , Chen Le , Li Anzhi , Ye Hanming , Liu Biluo , Feng Yu , Ji Xunming , Ma Zhengfei , Li Ming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND AND AIMS:
Neuroprotection plays an important role in the treatment of brain disorders. In recent years, studies using rat models and clinical trials have demonstrated the positive effects of hydrogen treatment on neurological disorders and brain injuries. Hence, it is of great significance to shed light on this issue. In this article, CiteSpace is employed for visualization and bibliometric analysis of the research frontiers and evolving trends related to the neuroprotective effect of hydrogen.

METHODS:
All articles published from 2009 to 2023 that discussed the neuroprotective effects of hydrogen in cerebrovascular diseases were retrieved from the Web of Science. Using CiteSpace, a visualization analysis was conducted on aspects such as countries, institutions, authors, keywords, and Co cited references, which enables an intuitive observation of current research hotspots.

RESULTS:
After manual screening, a total of 106 articles were retrieved. Over time, The number of publications has increased annually. Regarding national contributions, the top three countries with the highest number of publications include China, the United States, and Japan. The Second Military Medical University is the institution that publishes the most articles and has significant influence in the field of hydrogen neuroprotection. Sun, Xuejun and Domoki, Ferenc were the most productive. The most common keywords include hydrogen, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Potential areas of focus for future research consist of early brain injury, hydrogen, ischemia-reperfusion injury and hypothermia treatment.

CONCLUSION:
The bibliometric study presented herein offers insights into the current status and trends of research on hydrogen in the field of cerebrovascular diseases. Future research trends suggest that hydrogen contributes significantly to the cerebrovascular domain through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. This study can aid researchers in identifying hot topics and exploring new research directions.
Successful Long-term Treatment with Modified Dose Pemigatinib in FGFR2-BICC1 Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Lai Kuan-Chang , Chen Ming-Huang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Patients with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) have a poor prognosis. Recent advances in molecular profiling offer hope by enabling targeted treatment for those with specific mutations, potentially increasing survival rates. Pemigatinib targets fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusions or rearrangements, providing a promising avenue for treatment. Here, we report the case of a 70-year-old woman diagnosed with advanced iCCA, characterized by FGFR2-Bicaudal family RNA binding protein 1 (BICC1) fusion, who received pemigatinib therapy. Despite adverse effects including mucositis and nail changes, she continued treatment following dose adjustments for over 18 months. This report highlights the importance of dose optimization in maintaining patients on therapy and preventing treatment discontinuation. Real-world patients are often more fragile than those in clinical trials, necessitating tailored dose adjustments. However, the literature on alternative dose modifications remains limited. This case represents the longest documented successful treatment of advanced iCCA with pemigatinib in Taiwan, emphasizing the potential efficacy of pemigatinib treatment in a real-world setting.
Spectrum of orbital fat necrosis in rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in post-COVID-19 patients
Authors: Agrawal Akanksha , Diwaker Preeti , Dixit Sonali , Rohatgi Jolly , Arora Vinod K 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is the most common presentation of mucormycosis. Sinonasal–orbital debridement with exenteration is a life-saving procedure in ROCM patients in view of severe involvement of sinuses and the eyeball. Following the second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there was a massive surge in mucormycosis cases in India in post-COVID-19 patients. Of over 300 cases of mucormycosis admitted in our hospital, many underwent exenteration and these specimens were evaluated histopathologically, where fat necrosis was found to be a prominent finding. The spectrum of fat necrosis in ROCM in orbital fat has not been described in literature. Hence, we sought to evaluate the significance and spectrum of orbital fat necrosis in ROCM.

Methods:
This 3-month retrospective study included 15 cases of ROCM which underwent exenteration. Clinical data, radiologic details, and histopathologic findings were tabulated. Sections were also subjected to Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Gomori’s methenamine silver (GMS) stains for confirming the fungus.

Results:
All 15 cases showed fat stranding on computed tomography (CT) scan. On histopathologic examination, various tissue reaction patterns observed included acute/chronic inflammatory infiltrate, suppurative granulomas with giant cells, coagulative and fat necrosis, broad aseptate fungal hyphae with or without angioinvasion, and neural invasion. Fungal hyphae were confirmed with PAS and GMS stains. The spectrum of fat necrosis observed in all the cases included 1) acute necrotizing fat necrosis, 2) ghost adipocytes with or without saponification, and 3) crystalline/gouty fat necrosis.

Conclusion:
Fat necrosis is a significant finding in ROCM, both on CT scan and histopathology. All three patterns of fat necrosis may be observed simultaneously in a case of ROCM.
Hypersecreting Jugulotympanicum Paraganglioma: A Rare Entity and Its Management
Authors: Malik Muhammad Fawwaz Meor Abdul , Abdullah Asma , Xiang Tan Choo , Ping Wong Yin , Budiman Maryam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Jugulotympanicum paraganglioma, a rare benign tumor originating from paraganglionic cells, typically afflicts females aged 50–60 years, with hypersecretion observed in only 2%–4% of cases. Before surgery, meticulous preoperative optimization is imperative, involving the administration of alpha- and beta-blockers to manage cardiovascular parameters. Surgical excision, preceded by angioembolization to reduce intraoperative bleeding risk, remains the preferred treatment modality. We present a case of a 33-year-old male with a catecholamine-secreting left jugulotympanicum paraganglioma, managed successfully with a collaborative effort from multiple disciplines. Intraoperative monitoring ensured hemodynamic stability despite transient hypotensive episodes, with the patient subsequently receiving radiotherapy and placed on surveillance protocols. This case underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive management for optimal outcomes in treating hypersecreting jugulotympanicum paraganglioma.
A study to evaluate nomophobia and social anxiety disorder among students
Authors: Bodepudi Sarath , Benerji Therissa , Kaur Ravneet , Pallekona Roshini , Kodali Madhavi , Parvathaneni Krishna Mohan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The term “nomophobia,” an abbreviation for “no-mobile-phone phobia,” is characterized by the fear/discomfort caused by the inability to use a smartphone. While the use of technology may provide innumerable benefits for users, it can also reinforce behavioral dysfunctions such as social avoidance. This study was conducted to screen for nomophobia among undergraduate medical students and evaluate its relationship with social anxiety disorder.

Aims:
To evaluate the relationship between nomophobia and social anxiety disorder among undergraduate medical students.

Methods:
Five hundred participants above 18 years of age and using a smartphone with a score of ≥21 on the Nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) were taken as subjects for the study. The NMP-Q and Liebowitz social anxiety scale were used to assess the levels of nomophobia and social anxiety, respectively.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.

Results:
Among the participants, 56.4% had moderate levels of nomophobia, 37.2% had mild, and 6.4% had severe nomophobia. Of those found to have social anxiety, 57.4% had moderate levels of social anxiety, 26.4% had severe, and 6.6% had very severe social anxiety. The level of nomophobia was found to be significantly associated with the average time spent daily using a smartphone. A highly significant association has also been observed between the level of nomophobia and the severity of social anxiety.

Conclusion:
Our results highlight the need for future investigations focusing on the association between nomophobia and social anxiety. Delineating these relationships can inform effective screening and mitigation strategies for social anxiety in tech-heavy environments.
Reinforcing the importance of reflective practices among medical students: The CBME way
Authors: Annadurai Kalaivani 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Reflective practice is a crucial component of medical education, fostering self-awareness and continuous improvement among medical students. Competency Based Medical Education emphasizes the development of specific competencies rather than traditional time-based training, ensuring that learners acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to provide high-quality patient care. Reflective practice, allows students to critically analyze their experiences, identify areas for improvement, and adapt their learning strategies accordingly. The incorporation of regular reflective practices in medical education helps students to develop a deeper understanding of their clinical experiences, promoting critical thinking, problem-solving skills, set personal learning goals, and monitor their progress. This process not only enhances their clinical skills but also contributes to their professional growth and emotional resilience, preparing them for the complexities of medical practice. To conclude, by integrating reflective practices into their education, medical students can cultivate a habit of self-reflection, leading to improved patient care and a more resilient healthcare workforce.
Post-inguinal herniotomy keloid in pediatric age groups – A case report with review of the literature
Authors: Narahari Janjala , Vepakomma Deepti 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Abnormal wound healing causes keloid formation. Keloids are the most challenging conditions for the surgeons and dermatologists despite their high prevalence. Keloids are often symptomatic and can have a cosmetic nuisance as well as significant psychosocial burden for the patient. Although multiple treatment modalities exist, no single treatment has proven widely effective. In fact, recurrence following treatment is generally the normal. Combination therapy is likely the optimal strategy. In this case report, we highlight the clinical features of post-herniotomy keloid in children, pathophysiology, and management of keloids.
Long-term morbidity post level III lymph nodal dissection in cancer breast patient: Institutional experience
Authors: Dwivedi Surjeet K. , Dinker Yateendra , Kumar Surendra , Dwivedi Sabita , Anshu Alok 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Breast cancer is one of the commonest cancers worldwide in females with a variable rate of incidences across countries and regions. The extent of axillary dissection has now been restricted to lower levels, i.e., Level I and II; however, there are certain instances where level III lymph nodal (LN) dissection is performed. NCCN 1.2022 for breast cancer management suggests level III LN dissection if gross disease is detected during axillary dissection. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) itself could lead to various complications which could be classified as early or late. Early sequelae include post-operative pain, neuralgia, hematoma, or seroma formation while late sequelae include upper limb lymphedema, restriction of arm movements, fibrosis, and contractures of the shoulder joint and shoulder girdle muscles, reduced muscle strength in the limb and shoulder or winging of the scapula.

Methods:
A prospective observational study was performed at a single tertiary care center where 70 consecutive breast carcinoma patients who underwent level III ALND were followed up for two years for their disabilities.

Results:
In our patient subset, most of the patients belonged to stage IIB. Patients were followed up among whom lymphedema was the predominant symptom which was seen in approximately 25% of the clientele and persisted even at the end of 24 months. Pain and shoulder stiffness rapidly recovered over time with minimal disability.

Conclusion:
Those patients who are considered for level III LN dissection should be counselled about the increased risk of associated disability especially ipsilateral lymphedema, which is most evident after one year.