bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustaining the emergency wireless multihop infrastructure by distributed sharing of energy consumption
Authors: Teng Rui , Li Huan‐Bang , Miura Ryu 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTWireless multihop infrastructures (WMIs) facilitate low‐cost and quick deployable network infrastructures for emerging applications in emergency responses and smart cities. Cooperative sharing of energy consumption is essential for network sustainability. This paper studies the problem of cooperative sharing of routing services in an emergency WMI (E‐WMI) by examining the regulation of route switching from perspectives of network‐wide and long‐time energy efficiency. A key idea in the regulation of route switching is employing explicit routing terms among base stations in an E‐WMI, allowing tolerance of temporary imbalance of energy consumption in the network. A routing term refers to a period for a base station to continuously serve routing in an E‐WMI. By taking into account the specific features of E‐WMIs, this paper overcomes the challenging problems of complexity and difficulty in examining the explicit route switching and energy distribution in multihop networks. We find that there exists the optimal routing term and number of route switching for the long‐time energy efficiency. With the optimal routing terms, a network can take a principle of distributed energy sharing by route switching management rather than only applying end‐to‐end energy‐efficient routing that does not have a long‐time management of network energy consumption.
Antibacterial and antifouling properties of a polyurethane surface modified with perfluoroalkyl and silver nanoparticles
Authors: Xu Deqiu , Su Yuling , Zhao Lili , Meng Fancui , Liu Chang , Guan Yayuan , Zhang Jiya , Luo Jianbin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInspired by mussel‐adhesion phenomena in nature, a simple, mild surface modification process was elaborated to endow the polyurethane (PU) substrate with antibacterial/antifouling properties. In the present study, polydopamine was coated directly onto polyurethane surfaces. AgNO3 was then added and absorbed onto the surface by the active catechol and amine groups of the polydopamine coating. Meanwhile, the adsorbed Ag+ ions were reduced in situ into metallic silver nanoparticles by the “bridge” of the polydopamine coating which yielded a coating with good antimicrobial properties. Finally, 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H‐perfluorodecanethiol (CF3(CF2)7CH2CH2SH, F‐SH) was attached on the PDA coating via the Michael addition reaction. The hydrophobic F‐SH layer above the antibacterial layer yielded a surface with excellent antifouling properties. Preliminary antibacterial assays indicate that the coated surfaces show enhanced antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (Gram‐negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram‐positive bacteria). Platelet adhesion was significantly reduced for the F‐SH‐coated PU film. These results suggest that the modified PU could be used as an antibacterial material for future biomedical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 531–538, 2017.
Injectable dopamine‐modified poly(α,β‐aspartic acid) nanocomposite hydrogel as bioadhesive drug delivery system
Authors: Gong Chu , Lu Caicai , Li Bingqiang , Shan Meng , Wu Guolin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHydrogel systems based on cross‐linked polymeric materials with adhesive properties in wet environments have been considered as promising candidates for tissue adhesives. The 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is believed to be responsible for the water‐resistant adhesive characteristics of mussel adhesive proteins. Under the inspiration of DOPA containing adhesive proteins, a dopamine‐modified poly(α,β‐aspartic acid) derivative (PDAEA) was successfully synthesized by successive ring‐opening reactions of polysuccinimide (PSI) with dopamine and ethanolamine, and an injectable bioadhesive hydrogel was prepared via simply mixing PDAEA and FeCl3 solutions. The formation mechanism of the hydrogel was investigated by ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectroscopic, Fourier transformation infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopic, visual colorimetric measurements and EDTA immersion methods. The study demonstrated that the PDAEA‐Fe3+ hydrogel is a dual cross‐linking system composed of covalent and coordination crosslinks. The PDAEA‐Fe3+ hydrogel is suitable to serve as a bioadhesive agent according to the rheological behaviors and the observed significant shear adhesive strength. The slow and sustained release of the model drug curcumin from the hydrogel in vitro demonstrated the hydrogel could also be potentially used for drug delivery. Moreover, the cytotoxicity tests in vitro suggested the prepared polymer and hydrogel possessed excellent cytocompatibility. All the results indicated that the dopamine modified poly(α,β‐aspartic acid) derivative based hydrogel was a promising candidate for bioadhesive drug delivery system. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1000–1008, 2017.
Porous 3D implants of degradable poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate used to enhance regeneration of rat cranial defect
Authors: Shumilova A. A. , Myltygashev M. P. , Kirichenko A. K. , Nikolaeva E. D. , Volova T. G. , Shishatskaya E. I. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe study describes preparation and testing of porous 3D implants of natural degradable polymer of 3‐hydroxybutyric acid P(3HB) for regeneration of bone tissue defects. The ability of the P(3HB) implants to favor attachment and facilitate proliferation and directed differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was studied in the culture of MSCs isolated from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Tissue‐engineered hybrid systems (grafts) constructed using P(3HB) and P(3HB) in combination with osteoblasts were used in experiments on laboratory animals (n = 48) with bone defect model. The defect model (5 mm in diameter) was created in the rat parietal bone, and filling of the defect by the new bone tissue was monitored in the groups of animals with P(3HB) implants, with commercial material, and without implants (negative control). Computed tomography (CT) and histologic examination showed that after 120 days, in the group with the osteoblast‐seeded P(3HB) implants, the defect was completely closed; in the group with the cell‐free P(3HB) implants, the remaining defect was no more than 10% of the initial one (0.5 mm); in both the negative and positive controls, the size of the defect was about 1.0–1.2 mm. These results suggest that P(3HB) has good potential as osteoplastic material for reconstructive osteogenesis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 566–577, 2017.
Irreversible Deterioration of Cortical and Trabecular Microstructure Associated With Breastfeeding
Authors: Bjørnerem Åshild , Ghasem-Zadeh Ali , Wang Xiaofang , Bui Minh , Walker Susan P , Zebaze Roger , Seeman Ego 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Estrogen deficiency associated with menopause is accompanied by an increase in the rate of bone remodeling and the appearance of a remodeling imbalance; each of the greater number of remodeling transactions deposits less bone than was resorbed, resulting in microstructural deterioration. The newly deposited bone is also less completely mineralized than the older bone resorbed. We examined whether breastfeeding, an estrogen-deficient state, compromises bone microstructure and matrix mineral density. Distal tibial and distal radial microarchitecture were quantified using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in 58 women before, during, and after breastfeeding and in 48 controls during follow-up of 1 to 5 years. Five months of exclusive breastfeeding increased cortical porosity by 0.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3–0.9), reduced matrix mineralization density by 0.26% (95% CI 0.12–0.41) (both p &lt; 0.01), reduced trabecular number by 0.22 per mm (95% CI 0.15–0.28), and increased trabecular separation by 0.07 mm (95% CI 0.05–0.08) (all p &lt; 0.001). Relative to prebreastfeeding, at a median of 2.6 years (range 1 to 4.8) after cessation of breastfeeding, cortical porosity remained 0.58 SD (95% CI 0.48–0.68) higher, matrix mineralization density remained 1.28 SD (95% CI 1.07–1.49) lower, and trabeculae were 1.33 SD (95% CI 1.15–1.50) fewer and 1.06 SD (95% CI 0.91–1.22) more greatly separated (all p &lt; 0.001). All deficits were greater than in controls. The results were similar at distal radius. Bone microstructure may be irreversibly deteriorated after cessation of breastfeeding at appendicular sites. Studies are needed to establish whether this deterioration compromises bone strength and increases fracture risk later in life. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
PlGF Knockdown Decreases Tumorigenicity and Stemness Properties of Spheroid Body Cells Derived from Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Mahmoodi Fatemeh , Akrami Hassan 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTPlacental growth factor (PlGF) a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor family regulates some cell processes such as survival, growth of vascular endothelial cells, invasiveness, and also involves in pathological angiogenesis and metastasis in most cancers. Cancer stem cells are believed to be the main reason for the tumor relapse and resistance to therapy. These cells have various characteristics as same as normal tissue‐specific adult stem cells including self‐renewability and potent to differentiate into various cell types. However, the function of PlGF in gastric cancer stem cells is not well understood. We have investigated the effect of PlGF knockdown on the tumorigenicity and stem cell properties of spheroid body cells derived from two human gastric cancer cell lines. In this study, we isolated spheroid body cells which have stemness properties from MKN‐45 and AGS without using growth factors. Validation of spheroid body cells was confirmed by various methods. Then the effects of PlGF knockdown were investigated on in vitro tumorigenicity, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, and transcription levels of stemness markers of spheroid body cells. Our findings indicated that isolation of spheroid body cells from MKN‐45 and AGS cells without using growth factors is an easy and inexpensive method to isolate cancer stem cells and knockdown of PlGF in spheroid body cells reduced in vitro tumorigenicity and stemness properties of spheroid body cells such as Self‐renewal ability, colony forming, migratory, and MMPs activities and decreased ability to differentiation and angiogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 851–859, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conversion of methanol to light olefins over H‐MCM‐22 dealuminated with different methods
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Hui , Liu Guangbo , Gao Kun , Wu Jinhu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn the post‐oil society, the methanol‐to‐olefin (MTO) conversion is a successful non‐oil route for the production of ethene, propene and butene, which are important chemicals in modern chemical industry. Recently, the global demand for propene increased, which makes high propene selectivity attractive in the MTO conversion. However, looking for an effective catalyst is the main challenge.ResultsH‐MCM‐22 zeolite was dealuminated with nitric acid, oxalic acid and ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AHFS). Then, the parent and dealumianted samples were examined in the MTO reaction. The results showed that the total acid amounts decreased and the distribution of Brőnsted acid sites in the pores of H‐MCM‐22 were reregulated after the different dealumination procedures. The results of thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of the spent samples demonstrated that H‐MCM‐22 (10A) dealumination with 10 mmol L−1 AHFS solution had the lowest coking rate and coke selectivity, which makes it exhibit the longest lifetime (54 h), and highest propene and butene selectivity (71.8%).ConclusionDealumination with AHFS is an effective method for H‐MCM‐22. Because it can eliminate almost all the extra‐framework aluminum (AlEF) species and concentrate the Brőnsted acid sites in the sinusoidal channels which promote the propene and butene formation with a resistance to carbonaceous deposition in the MTO reaction. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Isobutyrate biosynthesis via methanol chain elongation: converting organic wastes to platform chemicals
Authors: Chen Wei‐Shan , Huang Shengle , Strik David PBTB , Buisman Cees JN 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIsobutyrate is a platform chemical that is currently produced from a non‐renewable fossil‐based feedstock. This study aimed at developing a renewable isobutyrate production process by using methanol chain elongation, a novel bioprocess that uses organic waste as primary feedstocks and an undefined reactor microbiome as the catalyst.RESULTSA continuous anaerobic bioreactor experiment was first performed using a synthetic medium containing acetate, butyrate and methanol, all of which are common derivatives from organic residues. Continuous isobutyrate (2.0 g L−1 day−1) and caproate formation (0.2 g L−1 day−1) from methanol, acetate and butyrate were demonstrated. A batch test to synthesise isobutyrate from a real organic waste, i.e. acidified supermarket waste (ASW), was performed. Up to 6.2 g L−1 isobutyrate was formed which accounted for 63% of all identified products.CONCLUSIONIn this study, a proof‐of‐principle for isobutyrate production from organic waste via methanol chain elongation was demonstrated. The continuous accumulation or supply of butyrate, the suppression of methanogenic activity and methanol addition were shown to be of use to provide conditions for isobutyrate formation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Extreme precipitation events and their relationship with ENSO and MJO phases over northern South America
Authors: Shimizu Marília Harumi , Ambrizzi Tércio , Liebmann Brant 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTSeveral droughts and floods in Amazonia and Northeast Brazil have occurred in recent years and projections from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change indicate an increase of these extreme events. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the phenomena associated with extreme rainfall events in the Amazon. However, recent studies have indicated that the basic response of ENSO is dependent on the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) phase. Hence, this study analyses the MJO influence on precipitation extreme events over northern South America in El Niño and La Niña years. Extreme precipitation events over northern South America for the rainy season (December–May) were obtained through a composite analysis of the combinations of ENSO and MJO phases. Most of the dry extreme events occurred during El Niño periods, while wet extreme events were more recurrent during La Niña or neutral years. However, the results showed that the MJO convection could enhance or weaken the basic response of ENSO on extreme precipitation events. Moreover, dry/wet extreme events over both Amazon and Northeast Brazil are favoured when MJO convection over Indonesia is enhanced (MJO phases 4 and 5)/suppressed (MJO phase 2). Additionally, the interannual variability of the extreme events showed an increasing linear trend for dry extreme events and a decreasing linear trend for wet extreme events. The results presented here contribute to a better understanding of the climate variability and will be helpful for the forecast of ENSO effects on extreme events over northern South America.
Ceratonia siliqua L. (immature carob bean) inhibits intestinal glucose absorption, improves glucose tolerance and protects against alloxan‐induced diabetes in rat
Authors: Rtibi Kaïs , Selmi Slimen , Grami Dhekra , Saidani Khouloud , Sebai Hichem , Amri Mohamed , Eto Bruno , Marzouki Lamjed 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study was designed to investigate the effects of immature carob pod aqueous extract (ICPAE) on intestinal glucose absorption in vitro and in vivo using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as well as the potential antidiabetic effect in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats. OGTT was carried by administration of glucose (2 g kg−1, p.o.) and after treatment with extract (50, 100 and 200 mg kg−1 body weight). Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg kg−1). However, the extracts at various doses or glibenclamide (GLB, 10 mg kg−1 body weight) were given by oral administration for 2 weeks.RESULTSICPAE (50–2000 µg mL−1) exerted dose‐dependent reduction of sodium‐dependent glucose transport across isolated mice jejunum and the maximal inhibition exceeded 50%.The ICPAE treatment improved glucose tolerance. More importantly, ICPAE at various doses showed a significant reduction in blood glucose and biochemical profiles in diabetic rats.CONCLUSIONOur findings confirm that the degree of maturity of carob characterized by a different phytochemical composition may be responsible for these actions. Therefore, these compounds may be used as a food supplement in hyperglycemia and diabetes treatments. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Risk of progressive hearing loss in untreated superior semicircular canal dehiscence
Authors: Patel Neil S. , Hunter Jacob B. , O'Connell Brendan P. , Bertrand Natalie M. , Wanna George B. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivePatients with incidental or minimally symptomatic superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) are usually observed, without surgical repair. However, it remains unknown whether a labyrinthine fistula of the superior semicircular canal is associated with progressive conductive or sensorineural hearing loss over time.Study DesignRetrospective review at two tertiary care academic referral centers.MethodsAdults analyzed were diagnosed with SSCD by high‐resolution temporal bone computed tomography and vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing and observed with a minimum of two sequential audiograms. Patients with other potential causes of hearing impairment were excluded.ResultsA total of 40 ears in 30 adult patients (median age: 59 years; 63% female) were analyzed. Median audiometric follow‐up was 23 months (range 1–136 months). None experienced a sudden hearing loss over the follow‐up period. In patients with audiometric follow‐up of at least 20 months (median 34 months), the median change in air‐conduction pure tone average and air–bone gap was 0.9 decibels (dB) per year (interquartile range [IQR] 0–2.1) and 0.7 dB per year (IQR 0–2.0), respectively. Speech discrimination scores did not differ when comparing median initial (100%) and median final (98%) scores (P = 0.77). There was no statistically significant change in bone‐conduction thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz over the period of observation.ConclusionThe risk of progressive hearing loss with observed SSCD is low during short‐ and intermediate‐term follow‐up. Further studies are necessary to determine whether late hearing loss occurs. Such information may be critical toward patient counseling regarding the need for and timing of surgery.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:1181–1186, 2017
OCT for Process Monitoring of Laser Transmission Welding
Authors: Schmitt Robert , Ackermann Philippe 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNon‐destructive monitoring of laser transmission welding of polymers is a crucial topic in different production areas. Process parameter deviation may result in product failure. Current monitoring often relies on post process or inline methods which are not able to give a qualitative process feedback. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables tomographic measurements of transparent material structures (weld seam and defects; Fig. 1) with a few microns resolution. It provides high accuracy for monitoring and quality assurance of pre, inline and post process situations.
Comparison of the Suspended Sediment Dynamics in Two Loess Plateau Catchments, China
Authors: Zhao Guangju , Yue Xiaoli , Tian Peng , Mu Xingmin , Xu Wenlong , Wang Fei , Gao Peng , Sun Wenyi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractChanges in runoff and sediment loads are of great importance for the management of river basins and the implementation of soil and water conservation measures. This study compared the suspended sediment dynamics in the Huangfuchuan and Yanhe catchments on the Loess Plateau. Both annual runoff and sediment load displayed significant reductions from 1955 to 2012. The decreasing rates were −0·88 mm a−1 and −2·72 Mg ha−1 a−1 in the Huangfuchuan catchment, respectively, and ‐0.31 mm a−1 and −1·20 Mg ha−1 a−1 in the Yanhe catchment. A total of 183 and 195 events, respectively, were selected to assess the suspended sediment dynamics in both catchments during the periods of 1971–1989 and 2006–2012. The results showed a good linear relationship between the sediment yield and runoff depth in both catchments from 1971 to 1989 and a relatively worse relationship in the Yanhe catchment from 2006 to 2012. The magnitude and frequency of the hyper‐concentrated sediment flow obviously decreased in the 2000s compared with that between 1971 and 1989. A hysteresis analysis suggested that complex and counter‐clockwise loops were the dominant patterns. Various soil and water conservation measures (e.g., afforestation, grassing, terraces, and check dams) played a critical role in runoff and sediment load changes in both catchments. The two catchments showed obvious heterogeneities in runoff and sediment yield because of different lithologies, soil types, and vegetation. The results of this study provide valuable information on suspended sediment dynamics and could be used to improve soil erosion control measures on the Loess Plateau. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The importance of physical transport and oxygen consumption for the development of a metalimnetic oxygen minimum in a lake
Authors: Kreling Julika , Bravidor Jenny , Engelhardt Christof , Hupfer Michael , Koschorreck Matthias , Lorke Andreas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAlthough the occurrence of metalimnetic oxygen minima (MOM) in lakes during summer stratification was described by early limnologists, not much is known about the processes leading to its formation. Generally, dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption and net transport contribute to the observed DO decrease, but the latter was rarely considered in former studies. To examine the importance of both processes to MOM development in Lake Arendsee, Germany, we measured DO concentration and temperature with high spatial and temporal resolution during a complete stratification period. Vertical turbulent diffusivities were estimated from temporal changes of the heat content of the lake. The MOM development was not caused by locally enhanced DO consumption rates, but rather by a combination of vertical gradients in DO concentration and consumption. A vertical DO mass balance revealed that net DO transport into the metalimnion was in the same order of magnitude as DO consumption in the MOM. We found that DO consumption was governed by microbial respiration and the vertical variations of DO depletion rates in the metalimnion could be explained by a minor contribution of temperature and a higher contribution of turbidity, implying that the downward flux of particulate organic carbon promoted the MOM development. The intensive metalimnetic respiration in lakes forming a MOM can be expected to accelerate nutrient cycling close to the photic zone and thus, may further stimulate primary production.