bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Do Persons With Disabilities and/or Complex Health Conditions Perceive Oral Health? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bogner Marie‐Sophie , Scambler Sasha , Eschevins Caroline , Faulks Denise 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis qualitative study aimed to explore the experience and perception of the mouth, oral health, functioning and the social environment amongst adults with disabilities and complex health conditions.MethodsPurposive sampling using the maximum variation strategy was performed to select participants with a wide range of experiences in terms of demographics, disability and health conditions. Consent was sought, and semi‐structured interviews were conducted, recorded and transcribed verbatim. Within the interpretivist tradition, a phenomenological approach was used to describe the lived, contextualised experience of people in relation to their mouths, as described by participants. Thematic analysis was undertaken.ResultsEighteen participants with disabilities and complex health conditions were interviewed. Twelve individuals had an intellectual disability. Three main themes were identified: perception of the mouth and oral health; symptomatic perceptions and responses to oral health problems; and inter‐relationships between the mouth, oral health and the socio‐medical environment. The mouth had a central place in the lives of the participants, but its importance was only recognised when oral health problems interfered with daily life, function, social relationships, family life or autonomy. Certain social determinants of health were identified: social exclusion, financial insecurity, lack of autonomy, nutrition and negotiation of services. Oral problems were perceived as an additional burden to those with disabilities or complex health conditions.ConclusionThis study provided insight into the daily lives of adults with disabilities and complex health conditions. It helps to fill the gaps in the existing literature regarding the perceptions of the mouth and oral health, connecting oral function, general health and social environment for this population.Trial RegistrationThis study was registered into ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04815434)
Featured Cover
Authors: Li Ruikun , Zhu Jie , Wang Shuo , Li Xueyuan , Li Songhang 
Published: October 2024

The cover image is based on the article Effects of sterilization and disinfection methods on digitally designed surgical implant guide accuracy: An in vitro study by Ruikun Li et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.13350.
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Microglial priming by IFN‐γ involves STAT1‐mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: He Haili , Zhang Xiaomei , He Hui , Xu Gaojie , Li Liangyuan , Yang Chengyan , Liu Yu‐e , You Zili , Zhang Jinqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory and immune responses in the brain that contribute to various neuropsychiatric disorders may begin as microglial “priming”. Interferon (IFN)‐γ is known to cause microglial priming, but the mechanism is unclear.MethodsWe examined the effects of IFN‐γ on gene expression, microglial activation, inflammatory and immune responses and activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome in primary microglia and in the brains of mice.ResultsOur results showed that treating microglial cultures with IFN‐γ induced a hedgehog‐like morphology and upregulated markers of microglial activation (CD86, CD11b) and pro‐inflammatory molecules (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, iNOS), while downregulating markers of microglial homeostasis (CX3CR1, CD200R1), anti‐inflammatory molecules (MCR1, Arg‐1) and neurotrophic factors (IGF‐1, BDNF). IFN‐γ also upregulated markers of NLRP3 inflammasome activation (NLRP3, caspase‐1, gasdermin D, IL‐18). This particular transcriptional profiling makes IFN‐γ‐primed microglia with exaggerated responses upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The level of NLRP3, caspase‐1, gasdermin D, IL‐1β, IL‐18, TNF‐α and iNOS in microglia cultures treated with both IFN‐γ and LPS were highest than with either one alone. Injecting IFN‐γ into the lateral ventricle of mice induced similar morphological and functional changes in hippocampal microglia as in primary microglial cultures. The effects of IFN‐γ on NLRP3 inflammasome and microglia from cultures or hippocampus were abolished when STAT1 was inhibited using fludarabin. Injecting mice with IFN‐γ alone or together with LPS induced anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors and impaired hippocampus‐dependent spatial memory; these effects were mitigated by fludarabin.ConclusionsIFN‐γ primes microglia by activating STAT1, which upregulates genes that activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Inhibiting the IFN‐γ/STAT1 axis may be a way to treat neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders that involve microglial priming.
Prevalence of dumping and hypoglycaemia symptoms after bariatric surgery: A questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jans Anders , Rask Eva , Ottosson Johan , Szabo Eva , Stenberg Erik 
Published: October 2024

SummaryDumping and post‐bariatric hypoglycaemia (PBH) are side effects that occur after bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dumping and PBH symptoms before Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years after surgery in a Swedish population. A cross‐sectional single‐centre study was performed at Lindesberg Hospital, Region Örebro County, Sweden, between 2020 and 2023. The Swedish version of the Dumping Severity Scale (DSS‐Swe) questionnaire, which includes eight items regarding dumping symptoms and six items regarding hypoglycaemia symptoms, was used. A total of 742 DSS‐Swe questionnaires were included. The average age at surgery was 42.0 years (standard deviation [SD] = 11.9), and the average body mass index was 41.8 kg/m2 (SD = 5.9). The surgical methods consisted of RYGB (66.3%) and SG (33.7%). The proportion of RYGB patients with highly suspected dumping increased from 4.9% before surgery to 26.3% (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 7.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.08–17.52) at the 5‐year follow‐up. PBH symptoms increased from 1.4% before surgery to 19.3% at the 5‐year follow‐up (adjusted OR = 17.88, 95% CI = 4.07–78.54). For SG patients, no significant increase in dumping or PBH symptoms was observed. In patients with persistent type 2 diabetes (T2D), there were no cases of highly suspected hypoglycaemia following RYGB or SG. Symptoms of dumping and PBH were common after RYGB, while no clear increase was observed after SG. Persistent T2D seems to be a protective factor against PBH symptoms.
Vorhersage von Psoriasis‐Arthritis bei Patienten mit Plaque‐Psoriasis durch neuartiges Nomogramm
Authors: Tan Minjia , Chen Junchen , Cheng Jiaomei , Hu Jingjin , Hu Kun , Yang Jing , Li Xingyu , Zhang Mi , Zhu Wu , Liao Liqiu , Kuang Yehong 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungZielDie Erstellung eines Vorhersagemodells für Psoriasis‐Arthritis (PsA) anhand klinischer und sonographischer Charakteristika bei Patienten mit Plaque‐Psoriasis (PsP).Patienten und MethodenDemographische, klinische und sonographische Daten von Patienten mit PsP und PsA wurden zwischen Mai 2019 und Dezember 2022 erfasst.ErgebnisseInsgesamt umfasste die Schulungskohorte 212 Patienten mit PsP und 123 Patienten mit PsA und die Validierungskohorte 91 Patienten mit PsP und 49 Patienten mit PsA. Mittels multivariater logistischer Regression wurden Nagelpsoriasis (Odds‐Ratio [OR] 1,88, 95%‐KI: 1,07–3,29), Synovitis (OR 18,23, 95%‐KI: 4,04–82,33), Enthesitis (OR 3,71, 95%‐KI: 1,05–13,14) und Knochenerosion (OR 11,39, 95%‐KI: 3,05–42,63) als effektive Prädiktoren für PsA identifiziert. Die Fläche unter der Kurve betrug für die Schulungskohorte 0,750 (95%‐KI, 0,691–0,806) und für die Validierungskohorte 0,804 (95%‐KI, 0,723–0,886). Der Hosmer‐Lemeshow‐Test zur Anpassungsgüte zeigte sowohl für die Schulungskohorte (p = 0,970) als auch für die Validierungskohorte (p = 0,967) eine gute Übereinstimmung. Außerdem wiesen die Kalibrierungskurven bei beiden Kohorten auf eine gute Kalibrierung hin. Laut Entscheidungskurvenanalyse hatte das Vorhersagemodell einen guten klinischen Nutzen.SchlussfolgerungenWir haben auf Grundlage von Nagelpsoriasis, Synovitis, Enthesitis und Knochenerosion ein quantitatives, intuitives und praktisches Vorhersagemodell zur Bewertung des PsA‐Risikos bei Patienten mit Plaque‐Psoriasis entwickelt.
Krankheit Vitiligo – Ein Positionspapier zur Stigmatisierung, Einschränkung der Lebensqualität und psychosozialen Komorbidität
Authors: Böhm Markus , Sommer Rachel , Gieler Uwe , Staubach Petra , Zink Alexander , Apfelbacher Christian , Peters Eva M. J. 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungVitiligo ist eine häufige Erkrankung, die mit einem meist sichtbaren Pigmentverlust der Haut einhergeht. Der wichtigste Vertreter ist die nicht‐segmentale Vitiligo (NSV). Ihr liegt pathogenetisch eine autoimmunvermittelte Zerstörung der Melanozyten zugrunde. Die Erkrankung führt zu Stigmatisierung und signifikanter Einschränkung der Lebensqualität. Unter Missachtung der psychosozialen Belastung wird die Vitiligo manchmal nur als kosmetisches Problem betrachtet und laut eines globalen Surveys im Durschnitt erst nach 2,4 Jahren diagnostiziert. Es kommt zu erheblicher Krankheitslast bis hin zur Suizidalität. Stigmatisierung begünstigt die Entwicklung psychischer Komorbidität wie Angst‐ und depressive Störungen. Deren Prävalenz variiert je nach Land und Studie (0,1%–67,9%). Die Daten für Deutschland sind heterogen und basieren weitgehend auf Schätzwerten. Aufgrund der psychosozialen Einflussfaktoren, der entzündlichen Komponente und einer höheren Inzidenz somatischer Begleiterkrankungen ergibt sich die Frage, ob die NSV zu den entzündlichen Systemerkrankungen zu zählen ist. Wir empfehlen zur Optimierung der Versorgung neben der Krankheitsaktivität auch die Erhebung der Lebensqualität als Standard in die Routineversorgung einzuführen und frühzeitig auf psychische Komorbidität zu screenen, um eine fachgerechte Behandlung einzuleiten bevor Krankheitsverläufe chronifizieren und kumulative (zum Teil irreversible) Beeinträchtigungen entstehen. Ziel ist eine personalisierte und patientenorientierte integrierte Versorgung, die den Gesundheitszustand der Betroffenen nachhaltig verbessert.
RUSSELL REVIEW Soil carbon stewardship: Thinking in circles
Authors: Janzen H. Henry 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe words we choose to describe our research ultimately directs its course. A dominant term in soil science now, is ‘sequestration’, referring to the removal of carbon (C) from air and its irreversible seclusion in soil, ideally as stable soil organic carbon (SOC). An emerging view, however, now sees SOC as an inherently dynamic assemblage of forms, all potentially vulnerable to decay, with no discrete, measurable fraction holding C in ‘sequestered’ form. Rather than speaking of C ‘sequestration’, then, we might refer instead to SOC ‘stewardship’. This word, now, enfolds the entire spectrum of SOC, not merely some elusive ‘persistent’ or ‘stable’ fraction, perhaps redirecting inquiry; for example, does C need to be ‘sequestered’ in stable form for SOC to serve as effective repository of excess atmospheric CO2? ‘Stewardship’ explicitly accepts the relentless turnover of SOC, emphasizing the need to manage not only fixed stocks of C, but also the cyclical flows of C through ecosystems that drive their functions. Among other benefits, ‘stewardship’ might motivate us to consider all functions of SOC (not only climate mitigation), consider the entire C cycle (not only enhancing soil C), and preserve existing troves of SOC (not only augmenting them in selected places.) Perhaps most fundamentally, by its etymology, ‘stewardship’ poses a compelling, timeless question: for whom do we steward SOC? Asking why look after SOC, not only reflects our own underlying quest for resilience, but also expands our potential audience and entices the more creative minds that must succeed us. Although ‘stewardship’ may elicit new and fruitful inquiry, we may need to look for words even more evocative, more alluring, more true to our mandate of living well within the circling C that must always sustain us.
The first AI‐based Chatbot to promote HIV self‐management: A mixed methods usability study
Authors: Ma Yuanchao , Achiche Sofiane , Tu Gavin , Vicente Serge , Lessard David , Engler Kim , Lemire Benoît ,   MARVIN chatbots Patient Expert Committee, Laymouna Moustafa , de Pokomandy Alexandra , Cox Joseph , Lebouché Bertrand 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe developed MARVIN, an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based chatbot that provides 24/7 expert‐validated information on self‐management‐related topics for people with HIV. This study assessed (1) the feasibility of using MARVIN, (2) its usability and acceptability, and (3) four usability subconstructs (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude towards use, and behavioural intention to use).MethodsIn a mixed‐methods study conducted at the McGill University Health Centre, enrolled participants were asked to have 20 conversations within 3 weeks with MARVIN on predetermined topics and to complete a usability questionnaire. Feasibility, usability, acceptability, and usability subconstructs were examined against predetermined success thresholds. Qualitatively, randomly selected participants were invited to semi‐structured focus groups/interviews to discuss their experiences with MARVIN. Barriers and facilitators were identified according to the four usability subconstructs.ResultsFrom March 2021 to April 2022, 28 participants were surveyed after a 3‐week testing period, and nine were interviewed. Study retention was 70% (28/40). Mean usability exceeded the threshold (69.9/68), whereas mean acceptability was very close to target (23.8/24). Ratings of attitude towards MARVIN's use were positive (+14%), with the remaining subconstructs exceeding the target (5/7). Facilitators included MARVIN's reliable and useful real‐time information support, its easy accessibility, provision of convivial conversations, confidentiality, and perception as being emotionally safe. However, MARVIN's limited comprehension and the use of Facebook as an implementation platform were identified as barriers, along with the need for more conversation topics and new features (e.g., memorization).ConclusionsThe study demonstrated MARVIN's global usability. Our findings show its potential for HIV self‐management and provide direction for further development.
Unemployed and then? The role of non‐standard employment in labour market trajectories after unemployment
Authors: Lietzmann Torsten , Hohmeyer Katrin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNon‐standard employment (NSE) might offer employment opportunities for unemployed workers, who would not find a job otherwise and can improve their human capital while working in NSE instead of being unemployed. NSE thus could serve as a bridge to regular, permanent employment. However, these stepping stone effects might not occur in a segmented labour market, when the accumulated human capital is not useful for regular jobs or NSE is not a positive signal to potential employers. Using German administrative data and sequence and cluster analysis, this article examined the labour market trajectories of initially unemployed individuals between 2012 and 2015 over a 4‐year period with a focus on four common forms of NSE. The results indicate that NSE is not limited to marginal groups but 62% of the initially unemployed belong to a cluster with a substantial share of NSE. Furthermore, while most individuals stay in NSE, some regular full‐time employment occurs after NSE.
First‐principle calculations, crystal growth, and broadband near‐infrared luminescence of Nd:Y2Mg3(SiO4)3 single crystal
Authors: Li Lin , Zhang Peixiong , Li Zhen , Chen Zhenqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study successfully grew Y2Mg3(SiO4)3 (YMS) single crystals doped with Nd3+ ions via laser heated pedestal growth method for the first time. Based on first‐principle calculations, the structural relaxation, energy band structure, density of states, and optical properties of YMS and Nd:YMS crystals with multiple disordered structures were calculated for the first time. The refractive index of the YMS crystal was obtained to be 1.83. The optical properties including absorption spectra, near‐infrared (NIR) luminescence spectra, and fluorescence lifetime at 1080 nm (Nd3+: 4F3/2→4I11/2) were characterized and analyzed based on the grown Nd:YMS single crystal. The crystal was found to have an ultra‐wide half‐height width (46.99 nm) of emission cross‐section, and a fluorescence lifetime of 220.38 µs, making it a luminescence material with excellent comprehensive performance.
Nanomechanical properties of RENbO4 (RE = La, Gd, Dy, Y, Yb) ceramics: A comprehensive investigation by nano indentation
Authors: Jiang Xiang , Chen Lin , Zhang Di , Yan Shixiao , Sun Xiaoliang , Wang Jiankun , Li Baihui , Xue Guiyu , Feng Jing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExcellent mechanical properties are indispensable for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), including high hardness and low modulus, as well as excellent creep and wear resistance. This study focuses on nanomechanical properties of RENbO4 (RE = La, Gd, Dy, Y, Yb), and the effects of microstructures on their properties are analyzed. The evolutions of hardness and modulus of RENbO4 are studied based on the changes of RE3+ ionic radius, and the shorter bond lengths lead to the higher hardness and modulus due to the increasing bonding strength. The existence of ferroelastic domains causes the presence of pop out during nanoindentation, which affects the elastic and plastic work. Based on the load‐displacement curves, we further analysis the creep behavior and wear resistance of RENbO4 ceramics, and the results show that these two parameters show a negative correlation. Among the studied RENbO4 ceramics, YbNbO4 exhibits the best mechanical properties, and the used methods in current paper can be employed to screen materials with outstanding properties for various applications.
Low thermal stress and excellent gas tightness in BaO‒CaO‒Al2O3‒B2O3‒SiO2 glass‐ceramic for long‐term ITSOFC application
Authors: Ren Haishen , Ge Wenjie , Chen Le , Peng Haiyi , Meng Fancheng , Lin Huixing , Jin Ye 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe increased coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch and mechanical performance degradation of glass‐based sealant‐induced thermal stress are critical issues for long‐term application of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). In this work, the double effect of MgO particle on dispersion strengthening, inhibition low‐CTE phase transformation, thermal stress, and leakage rate in BaO‒CaO‒Al2O3‒B2O3‒SiO2 (BCABS) glass‐ceramic were investigated and analyzed. The low‐CTE mono‐BaAl2Si2O8 phase was suppressed by the MgO particle reacting with BCABS glass‐ceramic. Consequently, the CTE for BCABS glass‐ceramic without MgO decreases from 11.47 at 1 h to 10.18 ×10−6/°C at 1000 h and reduction rate is higher than 10%, bring about the thermal stress of sealant itself and interface had tripled (200 MPa) and leakage rate was high than 0.06 sccm/cm after 250 h. However, the CTE of 20 wt% MgO‐reinforced BCABS glass‐ceramic sealant only declined about 4.0% for 1000 h, resulting in slow increase or even decrease in the thermal stress (low than 60 MPa) and maintaining stable leakage rate below 0.04 sccm/cm for 1000 h with three thermal cycles. This study was useful for identifying optimal CTE matching and elastic modulus of glass‐based sealant for efficient and stable long‐term operation of SOFC.
X‐ray–induced multicolor long afterglow and photostimulated luminescence from Pr3+‐doped Sr3(PO4)2
Authors: Zhang Jiaxu , Liu Runyao , Fu Xiaoyan , Yi Jian , Lin Tongyan , Liu Zewen , Chen Naihui , Zhang Hongwu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, X‐ray–induced multicolor long afterglow and photostimulated luminescence from Sr3(PO4)2: Pr3+ was reported. The Rietveld refinement results have confirmed the as‐prepared sample was pure Sr3(PO4)2 phase with hexagonal crystal system. And Sr3(PO4)2: Pr3+ showed an excellent X‐ray–induced long afterglow luminescent performance. Under the excitation of X‐ray, the sample showed multicolor long afterglow luminescence from UVC to red region located at 268, 359, 466, 548, 604.3 and 685 nm, which can be ascribed to 4f5d‐3H4, 4f5d‐ 1D2, 4f5d‐3P0, 3P0→3H5 and 1D2→3H4, respectively. And the strongest afterglow emission intensity appeared at 468 nm. Furthermore, only 30 s X‐ray irradiation can induce 12 h afterglow emission, which afterglow emission intensity of 468 nm still reached 3.71 × 104 cps and was about 37.1 times stronger than the background intensity. In particular, the relation between 268 nm afterglow emission intensity and 468 nm afterglow emission intensity showed good linearity. And the UVC afterglow emission can be easily “observed” via the visible afterglow light. Furthermore, Sr3(PO4)2: Pr3+ possessed an excellent photostimulated luminescence (PSL) under the excitation of 980 nm NIR laser and the PSL intensity of the 12 circle still arrived at 1.26 × 105 cps, which was about 37.1 times stronger than the afterglow emission intensity after 5 h decay. All these results showed that the as‐prepared Sr3(PO4)2: Pr3+ phosphor was an excellent X‐ray–induced long afterglow luminescence phosphor, which possessed large potential applications in the medical field.
Whose misbehavior is inexcusable—And which one? Job‐related discrimination against ethnic minority and majority women
Authors: Ball Elena , Niedlich Claudia , Steffens Melanie C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBased on the model of intersectional invisibility, we tested the consequences of work‐related misbehavior for women of Turkish and German descent (i.e., misbehavior involving mistakes that are stereotypically associated with masculine or feminine traits, eliciting negative evaluations). Across a series of four preregistered experiments (Ns = 746, plus two pre‐registered experiments in an Additional Supplement), we investigated evaluations of female targets in a male‐typed, highly qualified job context. We focus on exclusion and promotion decisions. A single‐paper meta‐analysis substantiates findings across samples who have different experiences regarding racism and in personnel selection. Our findings reveal a nuanced picture: Misbehavior associated with stereotypically feminine traits led to more negative consequences for Turkish women than for German women, resulting in more frequent exclusion and less frequent promotion for Turkish women. In contrast, misbehavior associated with stereotypically masculine traits led to more favorable outcomes for Turkish than German women. Thus, revealing a complex relationship between type of misbehavior and ethnicity, we identify leader prototypes as an explanatory mechanism, rather than aversive racism or shifting standards. Results suggest that Turkish women are discriminated against most for showing stereotypically feminine behavior confirming gendered racialized steretoypes, but may experience less backlash when showing counter‐stereotypical behavior than German women. We find double standards in evaluations of highly qualified women of Turkish versus German descent, with interactions with the type of misbehavior suggesting complex interplays of gender, ethnicity, and information provided about the individual in career advancement and exclusion.