bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Interleukin-1 Alpha
Authors: Mauro Adolfo G. , Mezzaroma Eleonora , Torrado Juan , Kundur Priyanka , Joshi Priyashma , Stroud Kelsey , Quaini Federico , Lagrasta Costanza A. , Abbate Antonio , Toldo Stefano 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) released by dying cells is an alarmin that activates the innate immunity. We hypothesized that after myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, IL-1α amplifies the myocardial damage by activating the inflammasome and caspase-1.

Methods:
Adult male CD1 mice were used. The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 30 minutes, after 24 hours of reperfusion. An IL-1α blocking antibody (15 μg/kg intraperitoneally) or matching vehicle was given after reperfusion. A subgroup of mice underwent sham surgery. We assessed the effects of IL-1α blockade on caspase-1 activity, infarct size, cardiac troponin I serum levels, and left ventricular fractional shortening, 24 hours after I/R.

Results:
I/R led to inflammasome formation, and IL-1α blockade significantly reduced inflammasome formation, reflected by a >50% reduction in caspase-1 activity versus vehicle (P = 0.03). IL-1α blockade also reduced the infarct size (−52% infarct expressed as percentage of area at risk, and −79% for cardiac troponin I serum levels, P < 0.001 vs. vehicle) and preserved the left ventricular fractional shortening (31 ± 3% vs. 25 ± 2%, P < 0.001 vs. vehicle).

Conclusion:
IL-1α blockade after I/R reduces the inflammasome activation, decreases the infarct size, and preserves the left ventricular function. IL-1α blockade may therefore represent a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce I/R injury.
Treatment of Radial Nonunion with Corticocancellous Bone Graft and Fascia of Anterolateral Thigh Free Flap: The Wrap Technique
Authors: Cherubino Mario , Ronga Mario , Sallam Davide , Fagetti Alessandro , Valdatta Luigi , Cherubino Paolo 
Published: December 2016

Summary:
The management of nonunion of the forearm bones is a challenging task. Multiple factors have been associated with the establishment of forearm nonunion, such as the fracture position and complexity, general condition of the patient, and the previously utilized surgical technique. The optimal surgical treatment of a bone gap remains a subject of discussion. Autogenous corticocancellous bone grafts and vascularized bone flaps have been used with differing results. The authors describe a technique for the treatment of posttraumatic nonunion of the radius with a 5-cm bone gap using the free anterolateral thigh fascial flap wrapped around a tricortical iliac bone graft. The fracture healed after 5 weeks. The use of a vascularized tissue wrapped around the bone graft resulted in a well-healed bone and no signs of resorption after 2 years of follow-up. A bone graft wrapped by a fascial flap could magnify the restorative effect on the bone defect because of its dual role of constructing vascularization and inducing tissue regeneration.
GORE-TEX VASCULAR GRAFT FOR MACULAR BUCKLING IN HIGH MYOPIA EYES
Authors: Wu Pei-Chang , Sheu Jiunn-Jye , Chen Yi-Hao , Chen Yung-Jen , Chen Chih-Hsin , Lee Jong-Jer , Huang Chih-Ling , Chen Chueh-tan , Kuo Hsi-Kung 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate a new application of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) vascular graft for use in macular buckling surgery for treatment of highly myopic eyes.

Methods:
The Gore-Tex vascular graft was used as a macular buckling material in eight consecutive cases of myopic macular diseases which included fovea detachment, foveoschisis, or macular hole retinal detachment.

Results:
Retinal reattachment was achieved in all cases except one which had partial resolution (88%). The postoperative best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/2000 to 20/100 depending on the degree preexisting macular degeneration, and significant better than the preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (P = 0.048, paired t-test). During the follow-up period, which ranged from 8 months to 3 years, no eye developed buckle-related complications such as infection or dislocation.

Conclusion:
The initial pilot results from this series using a Gore-Tex graft for macular buckling is promising. Throughout the follow-up period, the Gore-Tex was well tolerated in the highly myopic eyes. Large scale and long-term follow-up is warranted.
EN-FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING IN A CASE OF CHOROIDAL RUPTURE
Authors: Mase Tomoko , Ishiko Satoshi , Tani Tomofumi , Yoshida Akitoshi 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To report a case of choroidal rupture resulting due to blunt trauma using en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 22-year-old man sustained a blunt trauma to his right eye. At the initial examination, four lesions with a subretinal hemorrhage were observed during a fundus examination of the macular area including the fovea, but the findings under the lesions were unclear. The authors observed the extent of the minute findings noninvasively by en-face OCT imaging from the initial examination. Six months after the trauma, the fine crescent-shaped lines seen by angiography and OCT B-scan images were consistent with findings observed on the en-face OCT images.

Conclusion:
The en-face OCT imaging would be useful to examine the pathological changes in a choroidal rupture noninvasively during frequent follow-up examinations in a case of choroidal rupture.
Mid-Term Results of a Single Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segment for Mild to Moderate Progressive Keratoconus
Authors: Miraftab Mohammad , Hashemi Hassan , Hafezi Farhad , Asgari Soheila 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To study the mid-term effects of implanting a single intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) for treatment of mild to moderate progressive keratoconus.

Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted on patients with progressive keratoconus treated with ICRS. The mean follow-up time was 15.2 ± 8.8 (range, 7–26) months before and 27.8 ± 7.5 (range, 18–35) months after surgery. Patients received no other treatment during this time. Of the cases studied, 59.1% had inferior keratoconus.

Results:
Thirty eyes of 30 patients with a mean age of 27.5 ± 4.6 years were included in the study. Corrected distance visual acuity decreased by 1 line during the preoperative follow-up and improved by 2 lines after surgery (P < 0.05). Maximum keratometry (Kmax) of the anterior (2.39 ± 0.75 D) and posterior (0.33 ± 0.32 D) corneas at 3 mm and anterior Kmax at 8 mm (2.39 ± 0.95 D) decreased after treatment (all P < 0.05). The posterior Q value shifted toward a more oblate curvature (0.50 ± 0.52, P = 0.023). Decreases in anterior elevation at the thinnest point (5.22 ± 7.21 μm) and posterior corneal central elevation (8.89 ± 11.26 μm) were significant (both P < 0.05). Corneal thickness at the center (11.11 ± 12.38 μm) and thinnest point (15.89 ± 12.75 μm) increased after treatment (all P < 0.001). Other significant changes included postoperative decreases in the keratoconus index (0.12 ± 0.06), index of height decentration (0.06 ± 0.05), index of surface variance (27.32 ± 13.08), index of vertical asymmetry (0.42 ± 0.21), index of height asymmetry (8.42 ± 20.57), and an increase in the center keratoconus index (0.01 ± 0.02) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that ICRS implantation provides favorable mid-term outcomes in treatment of mild and moderate progressive keratoconus and can improve corneal indices compared with their preoperative states.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Outcomes of In-hospitalized Vestibular Rehabilitation in Patients With Intractable Dizziness
Authors: Goto Fumiyuki , Nomura Kyoko , Taka Fumiaki , Arai Miki , Sugaya Nagisa 
Published: December 2016

Objective:
To analyze somatic and psychological factors affecting the outcomes of in-hospital vestibular rehabilitation in patients with intractable dizziness.

Materials and Methods:
The study involved 138 patients with persistent dizziness caused by peripheral vestibular dysfunction. They were hospitalized and taught to conduct a vestibular rehabilitation program for 30 minutes by themselves three times a day over 5 days. They were then instructed to continue performing the program every day after discharge. Several questionnaires were conducted immediately before, and 1 month after, the treatment. For example, the dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), the somatosensory catastrophizing scale (SSCS), and indexes of depression and anxiety. Posturography was also performed. The main outcome was the difference between the DHI scores before and after rehabilitation. Body sway was objectively evaluated using static posturography.

Results:
The vestibular rehabilitation significantly improved the DHI score, the SSCS score, depression, and anxiety. Multivariate analysis indicated that the improvement in the DHI score was poorer in patients who showed high SSCS score before intervention. A higher prevalue of the DHI was associated with greater improvements in this perceived handicap after the rehabilitation. Small body sway pre-rehabilitation was related to positive effects on the DHI score in patients with a high prevalue of the DHI.

Conclusion:
The vestibular rehabilitation contributed to the improvement of perceived handicap due to dizziness, catastrophization of bodily sensation, and emotional distress. Patients who catastrophized their bodily sensations before vestibular rehabilitation saw smaller improvements in perceived handicap due to dizziness.
The Resilience in Illness Model Part 2: Confirmatory Evaluation in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer
Authors: Haase Joan E. , Kintner Eileen K. , Robb Sheri L. , Stump Timothy E. , Monahan Patrick O. , Phillips Celeste , Stegenga Kristin A. , Burns Debra S. 
Published: December 2016

Background:Empirically derived and tested models are necessary to develop effective, holistic interventions to improve positive health outcomes in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer, yet few exist. This article is the second of 2 articles reporting on evaluation of the Resilience in Illness Model (RIM) as a predictive model to guide positive health research and practice.Objective:The aim of this study was to report the confirmatory model evaluation of the RIM.Methods:A confirmatory evaluation of RIM was done using baseline data from a sample of 113 AYA aged 11 to 24 years who were undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant and enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention to enhance resilience. Data were analyzed using latent variable structural equation modeling.Results:Goodness-of-fit indices supported RIM as a confirmed model that accounted for large amounts of variance in the outcomes of self-transcendence (62%) and resilience (72%), and in 3 of 5 mediators, specifically social integration (74%), courageous coping (80%), and hope-derived meaning (87%), as well as small to moderate amounts of variance in the remaining mediators of defensive coping (1%) and family environment (35%).Conclusions:Findings establish the RIM as a plausible predictive framework for explaining ways AYA with cancer transcend their illness and achieve resilience resolution and for guiding intervention studies in this population. Additional research is needed to explore RIM’s transferability based on stage of illness, other chronic diseases, and cultural diversity.Implications for Practice:Results support the RIM as an appropriate guide for developing and evaluating interventions to foster positive adjustment in AYA with cancer.
Caesarean Section Rates and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes After Induction of Labour Versus Expectant Management in Women With an Unripe Cervix: A Secondary Analysis of the HYPITAT and DIGITAT Trials
Authors: Bernardes T. P. , Broekhuijsen K. , Koopmans C. M. , Boers K. E. , van Wyk L. , Tajik P. , van Pampus M. G. , Scherjon S. A. , Mol B. W. , Franssen M. T. , van den Berg P. P. , Groen H. 
Published: December 2016

(Abstracted from BJOG 2016;123:1501–1508)
Between 20% and 25% of pregnancies require induction of labor (IOL), especially in situations that indicate better outcomes for mother and child if the pregnancy is not further prolonged. However, the effectiveness of IOL is subject to considerable debate because of concerns regarding the associated high rates of cesarean deliveries in women with an unripe cervix.
Six-Month Follow-up of Supervised Spinal Stabilization Exercises for Low Back Pain in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Zapata Karina A. , Wang-Price Sharon S. , Sucato Daniel J. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the effectiveness of 8 weeks of weekly spinal stabilization exercises compared with 1-time treatment in participants with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and low back pain at a 6-month follow-up.

Methods:
Thirty-two participants were evaluated at a 6-month follow-up. The supervised group received weekly spinal stabilization exercises. The unsupervised group received a 1-time treatment and home exercise program.

Results:
Both groups improved in all outcome measures. The supervised group had significantly reduced Numeric Pain Rating Scale and Improved Global Rating of Change scores, but had no differences in the revised Oswestry Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, or Patient-Specific Functional Scale scores in comparison with the unsupervised group.
Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Children With Brain Tumors
Authors: Sparrow Jessica , Zhu Liang , Gajjar Amar , Mandrell Belinda N. , Ness Kirsten K. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of a 3-week constraint-induced movement therapy program in children with brain tumors and upper extremity hemiplegia and to describe resultant change in extremity use.

Methods:
Affected arm use, health-related quality of life, and parent-reported feasibility of program participation were measured before and after the intervention and at a 3-month follow-up visit.

Results:
All 9 participants completed the entire study. The quality and amount of affected arm use improved significantly; gains were maintained at the 3-month follow-up evaluation. Some parents (44%) reported that program participation was difficult; however, all reported satisfaction with the program. Participants did not experience negative changes in health-related quality of life during the intervention, indicating that they tolerated the program well.

Conclusions:
Findings suggest that a child with hemiplegia as a result of a brain tumor can adhere to and benefit from a constraint-induced movement therapy program.
Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients Receiving Dolutegravir
Authors: Fettiplace Anna , Stainsby Chris , Winston Alan , Givens Naomi , Puccini Sarah , Vannappagari Vani , Hsu Ricky , Fusco Jennifer , Quercia Romina , Aboud Michael , Curtis Lloyd 
Published: December 2016

Introduction:
Psychiatric symptoms (PSs) are reported to occur frequently in people living with HIV and may be associated with specific antiretrovirals. We analyzed PSs observed with dolutegravir (DTG) and other frequently prescribed anchor drugs.

Methods:
Selected PSs (insomnia, anxiety, depression, and suicidality) occurring in HIV-positive patients during DTG treatment across 5 randomized clinical trials (3 double-blind), in the Observational Pharmaco-Epidemiology Research & Analysis (OPERA) cohort, and among cases spontaneously reported to ViiV Healthcare were analyzed.

Results:
In clinical trials, PSs were reported at low and similar rates in patients receiving DTG or comparators [atazanavir, darunavir, efavirenz, or raltegravir (RAL)]. Insomnia was most commonly reported. The highest rates were observed in SINGLE (DTG 17%, efavirenz 12%), with consistently lower rates in the other trials (DTG: 3%–8% versus comparator: 3%–7%). More efavirenz-treated patients withdrew because of PSs than patients treated with other anchor drugs. In OPERA, history of PSs at baseline was lowest in efavirenz-treated patients compared with patients treated with DTG, RAL, or darunavir. Despite baseline differences, prevalence and incidence during treatment were similar across the 4 anchor drugs. Withdrawal rates for PSs were lowest for DTG (0%–0.6%) and highest for RAL (0%–2.5%). Spontaneously reported events were similar in nature to clinical trial data.

Conclusions:
Analysis of 3 different data sources shows that, similar to other frequently prescribed anchor drugs to treat HIV infection, PSs are also reported in DTG-treated patients. These events are reported with low frequency and rarely necessitate DTG discontinuation.
Brief Report: The Relationship Between Injection Drug Use Risk Behaviors and Markers of Immune Activation
Authors: Deren Sherry , Cleland Charles M. , Lee Haekyung , Mehandru Saurabh , Markowitz Martin 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:
High levels of immune activation are reported for people who inject drugs. Studies of the relationship between injection behaviors and immune activation have yielded mixed results, in part due to lack of control for hepatitis C virus in analyses. This study, of 48 HIV-seronegative people who inject drugs, examines this relationship controlling for hepatitis C virus viremia. Frequency of injection was positively related to markers of immune activation (soluble CD14, %CD8+CD38+HLADR+ T cells), as was duration of injection (high-specificity C-reactive protein and d-dimer). Sharing injection equipment was not related to markers studied. Findings suggest that efforts to encourage injection cessation or reduction in frequency can have positive health benefits through reducing immune activation.
Brief Report: The Impact of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir on HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Japanese Hemophilia Patients With 1, 4, and Mixed-Genotype HCV
Authors: Nagao Azusa , Hanabusa Hideji 
Published: December 2016

Introduction:
Approximately 80% of patients with hemophilia who received nonheated coagulation factor concentrates in the early 1980s were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and approximately 40% of them were infected with HIV.

Aim:
We evaluated the efficacy and safety of administering ledipasvir (LDV)/sofosbuvir (SOF) to Japanese patients with hemophilia.

Methods:
Forty-three patients with hemophilia with genotype 1 or 4 HCV were treated with LDV/SOF for 12 weeks. The efficacy, safety, and results of the laboratory tests were evaluated.

Results:
Twenty patients were coinfected with HIV and HCV. The sustained virological response (SVR) at 12 weeks after therapy was 90% in HIV-positive patients and 100% in HIV-negative patients. The efficacy of LDV/SOF was not significantly different between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients (P = 0.12). However, the rate of SVR at 12 weeks after therapy in the patients with cirrhosis was significantly lower than that in patients without cirrhosis (P = 0.005). Overall, 20 patients (46%) had adverse events, and while the severity of most was mild to moderate, 3 were serious, including 1 death in the HIV-positive group. All patients completed treatment with no alterations in the antiretroviral regimen. No significant abnormalities in the renal function were detected in patients taking an antiretroviral regimen of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.

Conclusions:
In this cohort study, LDV/SOF was effective and safe, but the SVR in patients with cirrhosis was lower than that in the noncirrhosis group. Thus, patients with hemophilia with genotype 1/4 HCV should be treated as early as possible before the onset of cirrhosis.
Cancer Measurement at Ultrasound
Authors: Catalano Orlando 
Published: December 2016

AbstractReliable and reproducible tumor measurement is fundamental in the oncologic decision making. In this article, we first highlight the importance of a precise tumor measurement, reviewing the correct modality of measuring tumor lesions at ultrasound. Then we analyze the measurement discrepancies between ultrasound and pathology as well as the discrepancies reported between ultrasound and other imaging modalities. Thereafter, basing on the existent literature and on our experience, we discuss the factors influencing the tumor size measurements at ultrasound. Finally, we illustrate the current strategies to improve the effectiveness of cancer lesions measurement.
Incidence of a Bifid Mandibular Condyle in Dry Mandibles
Authors: Nikolova Silviya Yanakieva , Toneva Diana Hristova , Lazarov Nikolai Elenkov 
Published: December 2016

Background:
A bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) is a rare anatomical variation with an etiology not fully understood. Although there are numerous case reports regarding it, purposeful epidemiological investigations on the BMC frequency among different groups are scarce. This study aims to investigate the incidence and laterality of BMC among series of adult males from Bulgaria and perform a morphometric analysis of it.

Materials and methods:
A series of 500 dry intact mandibles from adult males was investigated. The condyles were macroscopically observed and when skulls were available, the corresponding mandibular fossae were also inspected. In the cases when bifid condyles were found, 27 measurements were taken.

Results:
Bifid mandibular condyle was observed in 4 (0.8%) mandibles. All of the cases were unilateral, 2 on the right side (0.4%) and 2 on the left (0.4%). The condyles were divided into medial and lateral heads by a sagittal fissure or a notch.

Conclusion:
The established frequency of BMC was comparable with those reported in Turkish and Korean populations. The lack of injury marks and traces implies a developmental etiology of this condition.
Persistent Interictal Musical Hallucination in a Patient With Mesial Temporal Sclerosis-Related Epilepsy: First Case Report and Etiopathological Hypothesis
Authors: Borelli Paolo , Vedovello Marcella , Braga Massimiliano , Pederzoli Massimo , Beretta Sandro 
Published: December 2016

Musical hallucination is a disorder of complex sound processing of instrumental music, songs, choirs, chants, etc. The underlying pathologies include moderate to severe acquired hearing loss (the auditory equivalent of Charles Bonnet syndrome), psychiatric illnesses (depression, schizophrenia), drug intoxication (benzodiazepines, salicylate, pentoxifylline, propranolol), traumatic lesions along the acoustic pathways, and epilepsy. The hallucinations are most likely to begin late in life; 70% of patients are women. Musical hallucination has no known specific therapy. Treating the underlying cause is the most effective approach; neuroleptic and antidepressant medications have only rarely succeeded.
Musical hallucination in epilepsy typically presents as simple partial seizures originating in the lateral temporal cortex. To our knowledge, no formal report of musical hallucination in the interictal state has been published before. In contrast, other interictal psychotic features are a relatively common complication, especially in patients with long-standing drug-resistant epilepsy.
We describe a 62-year-old woman with a long history of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy whose musical hallucination was solely interictal. We speculate on the possible link between temporal epilepsy and her hallucination. We hypothesize that, as a result of her epileptic activity-induced damage, an imbalance developed between the excitatory and inhibitory projections connecting the mesial temporal cortex to the other auditory structures. These structures may have generated hyperactivity in the lateral temporal cortex through a “release” mechanism that eventually resulted in musical hallucination.