bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying semantic animacy: How much are words alive?
Authors: RADANOVIĆ JELENA , WESTBURY CHRIS , MILIN PETAR 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe main goal of this study, which comprised two experimental tasks and three normative studies, was to describe the underlying distribution of semantic animacy, with the focus on Serbian and English. Animacy was measured using three normative techniques. The cognitive effects of obtained measures were tested in two experiments conducted in both Serbian and English: a visual lexical decision task and a semantic categorization task. Results suggest that semantic animacy is a graded property. A high correlation between Serbian and English measures suggests that semantic animacy might be language independent, most likely because of its biological grounding. As for its behavioral correlates, animacy does not affect lexical decision times but it does codetermine the categorization speed: the category decision gradually slows as a function of the degree of animacy. These results were consistent across two languages under research scrutiny. We thus conclude that animacy is a continuous aspect of meaning.
From fighting depression to conquering tumors: a novel tricyclic thiazepine compound as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor
Authors: Mu Y , Liu Y , Xiang J , Zhang Q , Zhai S , Russo D P , Zhu H , Bai X , Yan B 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA novel tricyclic thiazepine derivative, 6-(p-tolyl)benzo[f] pyrido[2,3-b][1,4] thiazepine 11,11-dioxide (TBPT), exhibits potent inhibitory effects in two non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines, H460 and its drug-resistant variant, H460TaxR, while exhibiting much less toxic effects on normal human fibroblasts. After five injections of TBPT at a dose of 60 mg/kg, it inhibits H460TaxR tumor growth in xenografted mouse models by 66.7% without causing observable toxicity to normal tissues. Based on gene perturbation data and a series of investigations, we reveal that TBPT is not a P-glycoprotein substrate and it inhibits microtubule formation by targeting tubulin, thereby causing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M stage and eventually inducing apoptosis. This redeployment of anti-depressant compound scaffold for anticancer applications provides a promising future for conquering drug-resistant tumors with fewer side effects.
Generation and transplantation of reprogrammed human neurons in the brain using 3D microtopographic scaffolds
Authors: Carlson Aaron L. , Bennett Neal K. , Francis Nicola L. , Halikere Apoorva , Clarke Stephen , Moore Jennifer C. , Hart Ronald P. , Paradiso Kenneth , Wernig Marius , Kohn Joachim , Pang Zhiping P. , Moghe Prabhas V. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCell replacement therapy with human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons has the potential to ameliorate neurodegenerative dysfunction and central nervous system injuries, but reprogrammed neurons are dissociated and spatially disorganized during transplantation, rendering poor cell survival, functionality and engraftment in vivo. Here, we present the design of three-dimensional (3D) microtopographic scaffolds, using tunable electrospun microfibrous polymeric substrates that promote in situ stem cell neuronal reprogramming, neural network establishment and support neuronal engraftment into the brain. Scaffold-supported, reprogrammed neuronal networks were successfully grafted into organotypic hippocampal brain slices, showing an ∼3.5-fold improvement in neurite outgrowth and increased action potential firing relative to injected isolated cells. Transplantation of scaffold-supported neuronal networks into mouse brain striatum improved survival ∼38-fold at the injection site relative to injected isolated cells, and allowed delivery of multiple neuronal subtypes. Thus, 3D microscale biomaterials represent a promising platform for the transplantation of therapeutic human neurons with broad neuro-regenerative relevance.
Optically responsive supramolecular polymer glasses
Authors: Balkenende Diederik W. R. , Monnier Christophe A. , Fiore Gina L. , Weder Christoph 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe reversible and dynamic nature of non-covalent interactions between the constituting building blocks renders many supramolecular polymers stimuli-responsive. This was previously exploited to create thermally and optically healable polymers, but it proved challenging to achieve high stiffness and good healability. Here we present a glass-forming supramolecular material that is based on a trifunctional low-molecular-weight monomer ((UPyU)3TMP). Carrying three ureido-4-pyrimidinone (UPy) groups, (UPyU)3TMP forms a dynamic supramolecular polymer network, whose properties are governed by its cross-linked architecture and the large content of the binding motif. This design promotes the formation of a disordered glass, which, in spite of the low molecular weight of the building block, displays typical polymeric behaviour. The material exhibits a high stiffness and offers excellent coating and adhesive properties. On account of reversible dissociation and the formation of a low-viscosity liquid upon irradiation with ultraviolet light, rapid optical healing as well as (de)bonding on demand is possible.
Multiplexed single-molecule force spectroscopy using a centrifuge
Authors: Yang Darren , Ward Andrew , Halvorsen Ken , Wong Wesley P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe present a miniature centrifuge force microscope (CFM) that repurposes a benchtop centrifuge for high-throughput single-molecule experiments with high-resolution particle tracking, a large force range, temperature control and simple push-button operation. Incorporating DNA nanoswitches to enable repeated interrogation by force of single molecular pairs, we demonstrate increased throughput, reliability and the ability to characterize population heterogeneity. We perform spatiotemporally multiplexed experiments to collect 1,863 bond rupture statistics from 538 traceable molecular pairs in a single experiment, and show that 2 populations of DNA zippers can be distinguished using per-molecule statistics to reduce noise.
Polarized three-photon-pumped laser in a single MOF microcrystal
Authors: He Huajun , Ma En , Cui Yuanjing , Yu Jiancan , Yang Yu , Song Tao , Wu Chuan-De , Chen Xueyuan , Chen Banglin , Qian Guodong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHigher order multiphoton-pumped polarized lasers have fundamental technological importance. Although they can be used to in vivo imaging, their application has yet to be realized. Here we show the first polarized three-photon-pumped (3PP) microcavity laser in a single host–guest composite metal–organic framework (MOF) crystal, via a controllable in situ self-assembly strategy. The highly oriented assembly of dye molecules within the MOF provides an opportunity to achieve 3PP lasing with a low lasing threshold and a very high-quality factor on excitation. Furthermore, the 3PP lasing generated from composite MOF is perfectly polarized. These findings may eventually open up a new route to the exploitation of multiphoton-pumped solid-state laser in single MOF microcrystal (or nanocrystal) for future optoelectronic and biomedical applications.
Intra-articular injection of synovial mesenchymal stem cells improves cartilage repair in a mouse injury model
Authors: Mak J. , Jablonski C. L. , Leonard C. A. , Dunn J. F. , Raharjo E. , Matyas J. R. , Biernaskie J. , Krawetz R. J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractControversy remains whether articular cartilage has an endogenous stem/progenitor cell population, since its poor healing capacity after injury can lead to diseases such as osteoarthritis. In the joint environment there are mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) in the synovial membrane and synovial fluid that can differentiate into cartilage, but it is still under debate if these cells contribute to cartilage repair in vivo. In this study, we isolated a Sca-1 positive, chondrogenesis capable population of mouse synovial MSCs from C57BL6 and MRL/MpJ “super-healer” strains. Intra-articular injection of Sca-1 + GFP + synovial cells from C57BL6 or MRL/MpJ into C57BL6 mice following cartilage injury led to increased cartilage repair by 4 weeks after injury. GFP expression was detected in the injury site at 2 weeks, but not 4 weeks after injury. These results suggest that synovial stem/progenitor cells, regardless of strain background, have beneficial effects when injected into an injured joint. MSCs derived from MRL/MpJ mice did not promote an increased repair capacity compared to MSCs derived from non-healing C57BL6 controls; however, MRL/MpJ MSCs were observed within the defect area at the time points examined, while C57BL6 MSCs were not.
A new hand-held microfluidic cytometer for evaluating irradiation damage by analysis of the damaged cells distribution
Authors: Wang Junsheng , Fan Zhiqiang , Zhao Yile , Song Younan , Chu Hui , Song Wendong , Song Yongxin , Pan Xinxiang , Sun Yeqing , Li Dongqing 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSpace radiation brings uneven damages to cells. The detection of the distribution of cell damage plays a very important role in radiation medicine and the related research. In this paper, a new hand-held microfluidic flow cytometer was developed to evaluate the degree of radiation damage of cells. The device we propose overcomes the shortcomings (e.g., large volume and high cost) of commercial flow cytometers and can evaluate the radiation damage of cells accurately and quickly with potential for onsite applications. The distribution of radiation-damaged cells is analyzed by a simultaneous detection of immunofluorescence intensity of γ-H2AX and resistance pulse sensor (RPS) signal. The γ-H2AX fluorescence intensity provides information of the degree of radiation damage in cells. The ratio of the number of cells with γ-H2AX fluorescence signals to the total numbers of cells detected by RPS indicates the percentage of the cells that are damaged by radiation. The comparison experiment between the developed hand-held microfluidic flow cytometer and a commercial confocal microscope indicates a consistent and comparable detection performance.
Applications using high-Tc superconducting terahertz emitters
Authors: Nakade Kurama , Kashiwagi Takanari , Saiwai Yoshihiko , Minami Hidetoshi , Yamamoto Takashi , Klemm Richard A. , Kadowaki Kazuo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUsing recently-developed THz emitters constructed from single crystals of the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ, we performed three prototype tests of the devices to demonstrate their unique characteristic properties for various practical applications. The first is a compact and simple transmission type of THz imaging system using a Stirling cryocooler. The second is a high-resolution Michelson interferometer used as a phase-sensitive reflection-type imaging system. The third is a system with precise temperature control to measure the liquid absorption coefficient. The detailed characteristics of these systems are discussed.
Heteroepitaxial growth of Pt and Au thin films on MgO single crystals by bias-assisted sputtering
Authors: Tolstova Yulia , Omelchenko Stefan T. , Shing Amanda M. , Atwater Harry A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe crystallographic orientation of a metal affects its surface energy and structure and has profound implications for surface chemical reactions and interface engineering, which are important in areas ranging from optoelectronic device fabrication to catalysis. However, it can be very difficult and expensive to manufacture, orient and cut single crystal metals along different crystallographic orientations, especially in the case of precious metals. One approach is to grow thin metal films epitaxially on dielectric substrates. In this work, we report on growth of Pt and Au films on MgO single crystal substrates of (100) and (110) surface orientation for use as epitaxial templates for thin film photovoltaic devices. We develop bias-assisted sputtering for deposition of oriented Pt and Au films with sub-nanometer roughness. We show that biasing the substrate decreases the substrate temperature necessary to achieve epitaxial orientation, with temperature reduction from 600 to 350 °C for Au and from 750 to 550 °C for Pt, without use of transition metal seed layers. In addition, this temperature can be further reduced by reducing the growth rate. Biased deposition with varying substrate bias power and working pressure also enables control of the film morphology and surface roughness.
Enhanced spontaneous functional connectivity of the superior temporal gyrus in early deafness
Authors: Ding Hao , Ming Dong , Wan Baikun , Li Qiang , Qin Wen , Yu Chunshui 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEarly auditory deprivation may drive the auditory cortex into cross-modal processing of non-auditory sensory information. In a recent study, we had shown that early deaf subjects exhibited increased activation in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) bilaterally during visual spatial working memory; however, the changes in the organization of the STG related spontaneous functional network and their cognitive relevance are still unknown. To clarify this issue, we applied resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging on 42 early deafness (ED) and 40 hearing controls (HC). We also acquired the visual spatial and numerical n-back working memory (WM) information in these subjects. Compared with hearing subjects, the ED exhibited faster reaction time of visual WM tasks in both spatial and numerical domains. Furthermore, ED subjects exhibited significantly increased functional connectivity between the STG (especially of the right hemisphere) and bilateral anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulated cortex. Finally, the functional connectivity of STG could predict visual spatial WM performance, even after controlling for numerical WM performance. Our findings suggest that early auditory deprivation can strengthen the spontaneous functional connectivity of STG, which may contribute to the cross-modal involvement of this region in visual working memory.
Three chromosomal rearrangements promote genomic divergence between migratory and stationary ecotypes of Atlantic cod
Authors: Berg Paul R. , Star Bastiaan , Pampoulie Christophe , Sodeland Marte , Barth Julia M. I. , Knutsen Halvor , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Jentoft Sissel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIdentification of genome-wide patterns of divergence provides insight on how genomes are influenced by selection and can reveal the potential for local adaptation in spatially structured populations. In Atlantic cod – historically a major marine resource – Northeast-Arctic- and Norwegian coastal cod are recognized by fundamental differences in migratory and non-migratory behavior, respectively. However, the genomic architecture underlying such behavioral ecotypes is unclear. Here, we have analyzed more than 8.000 polymorphic SNPs distributed throughout all 23 linkage groups and show that loci putatively under selection are localized within three distinct genomic regions, each of several megabases long, covering approximately 4% of the Atlantic cod genome. These regions likely represent genomic inversions. The frequency of these distinct regions differ markedly between the ecotypes, spawning in the vicinity of each other, which contrasts with the low level of divergence in the rest of the genome. The observed patterns strongly suggest that these chromosomal rearrangements are instrumental in local adaptation and separation of Atlantic cod populations, leaving footprints of large genomic regions under selection. Our findings demonstrate the power of using genomic information in further understanding the population dynamics and defining management units in one of the world’s most economically important marine resources.
Joint effects of diabetic-related genomic loci on the therapeutic efficacy of oral anti-diabetic drugs in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Chen Miao , Zhang Rong , Jiang Feng , Wang Jie , Peng Danfeng , Yan Jing , Wang Shiyun , Wang Tao , Bao Yuqian , Hu Cheng , Jia Weiping 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPrevious pharmacogenomic studies of oral anti-diabetic drugs have primarily focused on the effect of a single site. This study aimed to examine the joint effects of multiple loci on repaglinide or rosiglitazone efficacy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. A total of 209 newly diagnosed T2DM patients were randomly assigned to treatment with repaglinide or rosiglitazone for 48 weeks. The reductions in fasting glucose (ΔFPG), 2h glucose (Δ2hPG) and glycated hemoglobin (ΔHbA1c) levels were significantly associated with genetic score that was constructed using the sum of the effect alleles both in the repaglinide (P = 0.0011, 0.0002 and 0.0067, respectively) and rosiglitazone cohorts (P = 0.0002, 0.0014 and 0.0164, respectively) after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index and dosage. Survival analyses showed a trend towards a greater attainment rate of target HbA1c level in individuals with a high genetic score in the repaglinide cohort and rosiglitazone cohort (Plog-rank = 0.0815 and 0.0867, respectively) when the attainment of treatment targets were defined as more than 20% decrease of FPG, 2hPG and HbA1c levels after treatment. In conclusion, we identified the joint effects of several T2DM-related loci on the efficacy of oral anti-diabetic drugs; moreover, we built a model to predict the drug efficacy.
Comparison of the cryo-tolerance of vitrified gorgonian oocytes
Authors: Tsai Sujune , Yang Vivian , Lin Chiahsin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCoral reefs have been declining considerably in recent years because of changes to the environment and climate. The cryopreservation of coral gametes is an essential alternative method that yields immense success in preserving corals. This study focuses on developing vitrification techniques for Junceella fragilis and Ellisella robusta oocytes and presents a comparison on the cryotolerance of their vitrified oocytes. The results revealed that these coral oocytes could be preserved for a longer period in equilibration solution 2 and vitrification solution (VS) 2 at 5 °C than at 26 °C. Oocyte viability decreased significantly when VS2 was used for >4 min at 26 °C compared with the control. Cryoprotectant tolerance was higher in E. robusta oocytes than in J. fragilis oocytes. However, E. robusta was determined to be more cryo-tolerant, with differences attributed to their habitats, thus making E. robusta is likely a superior candidate species for further study. The results of this study on the effects of coral cryopreservation provide a foundation for developing protocols further for the cryopreservation of the oocytes of gorgonian corals.
Altered social attention in anorexia nervosa during real social interaction
Authors: Dalmaso Mario , Castelli Luigi , Scatturin Pietro , Carli Lorenza , Todisco Patrizia , Palomba Daniela , Galfano Giovanni 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe capacity to devote attentional resources in response to body-related signals provided by others is still largely unexplored in individuals with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Here, we tested this capacity through a novel paradigm that mimics a social interaction with a real partner. Healthy individuals (Experiment 1) and individuals with AN (Experiment 2) completed a task with another person which consisted in performing, alternatively, rapid aiming movements to lateralised targets. Generally, this task leads to a form of Inhibition of Return (IOR), which consists of longer reaction times when an individual has to respond to a location previously searched by either himself (individual IOR) or by the partner (social IOR) as compared to previously unexplored locations. IOR is considered as an important attentional mechanism that promotes an effective exploration of the environment during social interaction. Here, healthy individuals displayed both individual and social IOR that were both reliable and of the same magnitude. Individuals with AN displayed a non-significant individual IOR but a reliable social IOR that was also significantly stronger than individual IOR. These results suggest the presence of a reduced sensitivity in processing body-related stimuli conveyed by oneself in individuals with AN which is reflected in action-based attentional processes.
Smaller-loss planar SPP transmission line than conventional microstrip in microwave frequencies
Authors: Zhang Hao Chi , Zhang Qian , Liu Jun Feng , Tang Wenxuan , Fan Yifeng , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTransmission line is a basic component in all passive devices, integrated circuits and systems. Microstrip is the most popular transmission line in the microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies and has been widely used in current electronic devices, circuits and systems. One of the important issues to be solved in such applications is the relatively large transmission loss of microstrip. Here, we propose a method to reduce the loss of microwave transmission line based on the designable wavenumber of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Using this characteristic, we analyze and experimentally demonstrate the low-loss feature of the SPP transmission line through the perturbation method and S-parameter measurements, respectively. Both simulation and experimental results show that the SPP transmission line has much smaller transmission loss than traditional microstrip with the same size in the microwave frequencies. Hence, the spoof SPP transmission line may make a big step forward in the low-loss circuits and systems.
MEMS‐based platinum–platinum rhodium film temperature sensor on alumina substrate
Authors: Zhang Jiubin , Cheng Ping , Zhang Congchun , Ding Guifu , Duan Li , Shao Jing , Wang Qiang 
Published: March 2016

The platinum–platinum rhodium thin film thermocouples (TFTCs) were fabricated on the alumina substrate by the micromachining technology, which could operate at the temperature up to 1300°C. The thermoelectric output voltage was measured in the temperature range of 50–1300°C. The maximum thermoelectric voltage of the TFTC was 14.8 mV at 1300°C, which was in accordance with that of the standard wire thermocouple approximately. The voltage–temperature curves of the heating and cooling process overlapped very well without a hysteresis, which kept constant after the device underwent five heating–cooling cycles. The lifetime of the film sensor at 1300°C was up to 14 h. The sensitive films were characterised by scanning electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction techniques.
Breaking temporal symmetries for emission and absorption
Authors: Hadad Yakir , Soric Jason C. , Alu Andrea 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Antennas, from radiofrequencies to optics, are forced to transmit and receive with the same efficiency to/from the same direction. The same constraint applies to thermophotovoltaic systems, which are forced to emit as well as they can absorb, limiting their efficiency. In this paper, we show that it is possible to efficiently overcome these bounds using temporally modulated traveling-wave circuits. Beyond the basic physics interest of our theoretical and experimental findings, we also prove that the proposed temporally modulated antenna can be efficiently used to transmit without being forced to listen to echoes and reflections, with important implications for radio-wave communications. Similar concepts may be extended to infrared frequencies, with relevant implications for energy harvesting.