bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression profile of urothelial transcription factors in bladder biopsies with interstitial cystitis
Authors: Kaga Kanya , Inoue Ken‐ichi , Kaga Mayuko , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Yamanishi Tomonori 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo characterize interstitial cystitis pathology based on the expression profile of urothelial tissue‐specific master transcription factors.MethodsBladder carcinoma cell lines derived from the urothelial stem cells (epithelial or mesenchymal) were used to identify candidate urothelial master transcription factors. Gene expression was measured with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. From the initial screening of 170 transcription factors (human homologs of Drosophila segmentation genes and known master transcription factors from a database), 28 transcription factors were selected. Subsequently, messenger ribonucleic acid from bladder biopsies of interstitial cystitis patients was purified, and gene expression levels of known urothelial marker genes and candidate master transcription factors were measured. Multivariate expression data were analyzed with spss software.ResultsFactor analysis decomposed the expression profile into four axes: principal axis 1 included retinoic acid receptors and 17 candidate master transcription factors. Principal axis 2 included KRT5 and five candidates. Principal axis 3 included transcription factor TP63 and two candidates. Principal axis 4 included SHH and two candidates. Principal component analysis segregated biopsies from Hunner's lesion in the principal component 1 (retinoic acid)/principal component 2 (SOX13)/principal component 3 (TP63) space.ConclusionsUrothelial master transcription factors could serve as novel diagnostic markers and potentially explain the molecular pathology of interstitial cystitis.
Electrical isolation of the left atrial appendage by Maze‐like catheter substrate modification: A reproducible strategy for pulmonary vein isolation nonresponders?
Authors: Bordignon Stefano , Perrotta Laura , Dugo Daniela , Bologna Fabrizio , Nagase Takahiko , Fuernkranz Alexander , Chun K.R. Julian , Schmidt Boris 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe ablation strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF) despite pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is controversial. Left atrial appendage isolation (LAAI) may contribute to improve outcome. We describe an ablation approach (“Maze‐like”‐LAAI) that (1) modifies the underlying LA substrate by linear ablation (2) eliminates the LAA as a putative AF trigger site and (3) incorporates an unambiguous procedural endpoint. The role of LAA closure (LAAC) after LAAI was investigated.MethodsPatients with atrial tachyarrhythmias nonresponsive to PVI underwent a LAAI ablation procedure. LAAI was achieved by combining (a) an anterior line, (b) a LA roof line and (c) a mitral isthmus line. Patients continued oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy or underwent LAAC ≥6 weeks after LAAI.ResultsMaze‐like LAAI was attempted in our center in 107 of 3,611 AF ablation procedures (2.9%) and achieved in 88 of 107 patients (82%). In 8 of 107 (7%) patients cardiac tamponade occurred, all managed conservatively. During follow‐up sinus rhythm was established in 65% at 1 year. After LAAI, 45 patients remained on OAC and 40 underwent LAAC. In both groups 1 patient experienced a bleeding complication. Thromboembolism exclusively occurred in the OAC group in 3 (7%) patients.ConclusionLAA isolation by Maze‐like substrate modification may be considered a viable option for PVI non‐responders. It offers a reproducible approach with an unambiguous procedural endpoint and leads to a favorable clinical outcome. However, extensive LA ablation increased the risk of tamponade. Consecutive LAA occlusion may offer a nonpharmacologic strategy to overcome the high thromboembolic risk associated with absent mechanical LAA contraction.
Clinical nutrition counselling service in the veterinary hospital: retrospective analysis of equine patients and nutritional considerations
Authors: Vergnano D. , Bergero D. , Valle E. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryNutrition plays a very important role in the healthy and in the ill horse. Although research in this field clearly shows that incorrect nutritional practices may lead to severe pathologies, inappropriate feeding plans often continue to be used. A clinical nutrition counselling (CNC) service could thus be of great use to both horse owners and veterinarians. The aim of this study was to provide information on equine patients referred to theCNCservice of the University of Turin and to provide standard dietary protocols as used in our Veterinary Teaching Hospital for the most common nutrition‐related pathologies. The data were obtained by retrospective analysis of the nutritional records of referred equine patients. The data collected included information about anamnesis, nutritional assessment, current diet, referring person and follow‐up of each patient. Sixty‐one horses were included in the study. The majority were adult males. The most common breeds were the Italian Saddle Horse and the Friesian Horse. Old horses (>19 years) had a statistically lowerBCSthan brood mares or other adult horses (p < 0.01). The most common nutritional pathologies were chronic weight loss (CWL), chronic diarrhoea (CD) and equine gastric ulcer syndrome. All horses received first‐cut meadow hay; 85% also ate concentrates. Young horses (<2 years) received more hay as a percentage of body weight (BW) than old horses or adults. The hay percentage ofBWper day given to animals withCWLwas statistically higher than those withCD(p < 0.01). The concentrate percentage ofBWgiven to old horses was statistically lower compared to that given to young horses (p < 0.05). The concentrate percentage ofBWper day given to horses with colic was statistically higher than that given to horses withCD(p < 0.05). 28% of cases were referred by the owner and 72% by a veterinarian. Follow‐up evaluation was deemed to be ‘good’ in 92% cases and ‘poor’ in 8%. In summary, theCNCservice could provide an epidemiological observatory to study the prevalence of nutritional issues in the equine population.
Feed intake patterns of sport ponies and warmblood horses following iso‐energetic intake of pelleted fibre‐rich mixed feed, muesli feed and semicrushed oat grains
Authors: Bochnia M. , Boesel M. , Bahrenthien L. , Wensch‐Dorendorf M. , Zeyner A. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe aim of the study was to compare diverse feed intake patterns in sport ponies and warmblood‐type horses after feeding iso‐energetic amounts of three different concentrates: a pelleted fibre‐rich mixed feed (PF), a muesli feed (MF) and semicrushed oat grains (OG). Four sport ponies and six warmblood‐type horses received the concentrates and meadow hay according to maintenance (0.52 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) kg body weight (BW)0.75/day). Both breeds were allocated at random to three groups and received once daily for 8 days either OG (1 g starch/kg BW/meal) or iso‐energetic quantities of PF and MF according to a crossover design. On the 8th day, feed intake patterns (chewing frequency (CF) in number of chewings (NC), NC/s), feed intake time (FITDM, min/kg dry matter (DM); FIT(neutral detergent fibre) NDF, min/kg NDF) and chewing intensity (CI, NC/kg DM) were measured using modified halters. In warmbloods, PF tended to be ingested faster than MF and OG (10.3 ± 1.9, 13.0 ± 1.3, 14.4 ± 2.0 min/kg DM, respectively; p = 0.05). In ponies, a similar trend was observed (13.5 ± 2.5, 13.6 ± 2.0 and 15.4 ± 1.1 min/kg DM, respectively; p > 0.05). Ponies needed more time to ingest PF than warmbloods (p < 0.05). The CF of ponies was affected by the type of concentrate (PF and MF 1.43 ± 0.11 vs. OG 1.28 ± 0.093 NC/s; p < 0.05). The results indicate that concentrate intake of breeds follows a similar pattern and that breed differences were limited to PF only. In both breeds, PF induced chewing patterns different from those observed for OG and/or MF. However, an interpretation of these differences needs to take into consideration the diverse chemical compositions of the concentrates. Upcoming studies should address the throwback regarding PF and also examine the metabolic consequences of concentrate intake in ponies.
Applying a General Measure of Frailty to Assess the Aging Related Needs of Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: McKenzie Katherine , Ouellette‐Kuntz Hélène , Martin Lynn 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAdults with intellectual and developmental disabilities often experience premature aging and high levels of frailty. Frailty characterizes health complexities and identifies adults with increased risks for adverse outcomes. This paper compared the prevalence of frailty amongst adults (aged 18–99 years) with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities. Frailty was measured using the Frailty Marker, based on the Adjusted Clinical Groups‐Predicative Model, and was compared between a cohort of 51,138 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities and a random sample of 3,272,080 adults without intellectual developmental disabilities. Approximately 9% of persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities were frail, compared to only 3% of persons without intellectual and developmental disabilities. Women, older adults, and adults with mental illness or addiction(s), were more likely to be frail. Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities are increasingly vulnerable as they age. However, to appropriately characterize frailty in this population, measures should be more inclusive of health characteristics and fluctuations that are related to frailty. Future research should investigate alternative measures of frailty for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including measures derived from standardized health assessments, to meet the needs of the aging population.
Spectrum of hepatitis B and renal involvement
Authors: Shah Apurva S. , Amarapurkar Deepak N. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRenal involvement in hepatitis B occurs in various spectrums and its knowledge is important for clinicians in management of patients. The renal diseases most commonly associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection include membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and Polyarteritis nodosa. The widespread use of hepatitis B vaccination has decreased the incidence of HBV‐related renal diseases. The incidence of HBV infection in dialysis patients has significantly decreased over the past few decades because of screening of blood products for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody, implementation of infection control measures and hepatitis B vaccination. The definition of acute kidney injury has been recently modified in cirrhotic population, helping in prognosis and prediction of mortality. The most common etiologies of acute kidney injury in this cirrhotic population, which account for 80% to 90% of all cases, include volume depletion, acute tubular necrosis and hepatorenal syndrome. Treatment with oral nucleoside/tide analogues (NA) brought a new paradigm in the management of HBsAg positive glomerulonephritis, kidney transplant recipients and dialysis patients, resulting in effective viral suppression, reduced hepatic complications and improved patient survival, without compromising renal allograft outcome. NAs are cleared by the kidneys and therefore their dosage has to be adjusted in all patients with impaired renal function. This article reviews the recent knowledge of the pathogenesis and treatment of HBV‐related glomerulonephritis and discusses the management of hepatitis B in patients on dialysis, kidney transplant recipients and cirrhotics, which is continuously evolving.
Diagnosability of mtDNA with Random Forests: Using sequence data to delimit subspecies
Authors: Archer Frederick I. , Martien Karen K. , Taylor Barbara L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe examine the use of an ensemble method, Random Forests, to delimit subspecies using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences. Diagnosability, a measure of the ability to correctly determine the taxon of a specimen of unknown origin, has historically been used to delimit subspecies, but few studies have explored how to estimate it from DNA sequences. Using simulated and empirical data sets, we demonstrate that Random Forests produces classification models that perform well for diagnosing subspecies and species. Populations with strong social structure and relatively low abundances (e.g., killer whales, Orcinus orca) were found to be as diagnosable as species. Conversely, comparisons involving subspecies that are abundant (e.g., spinner and spotted dolphins, Stenella longirostris and S. attenuata), are only as diagnosable as many population comparisons. Estimates of diagnosability reported in subspecies and species descriptions should include confidence intervals, which are influenced by the sample sizes of the training data. We also stress the importance of reporting the certainty with which individuals in the training data are classified in order to communicate the strength of the classification model and diagnosability estimate. Guidance as to ideal minimum diagnosability thresholds for subspecies will improve with more comprehensive analyses; however, values in the range of 80%–90% are considered appropriate.
Magnetic compression anastomosis for postoperative biliary atresia
Authors: Matsuura Rei , Ueno Takehisa , Tazuke Yuko , Tanaka Natsumi , Yamanaka Hiroaki , Takama Yuichi , Nakahata Kengo , Yamamichi Taku , Maeda Noboru , Osuga Keigo , Yamanouchi Eigoro , Okuyama Hiroomi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe report a case of successful magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) for obstructed cyst‐jejunostomy in a young woman who had undergone surgery for type 1 biliary atresia (BA) on day 78 of life. A 16‐year‐old girl was admitted with obstructive jaundice. Jaundice resolved with percutaneous trans‐hepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) but contrast medium injected from the PTCD tube did not flow through the anastomosis. Magnets were placed on each side of the anastomosis, in the cyst and the jejunum, to compress the partition. On postoperative day (POD) 6, the anastomosis was recanalized and the PTCD tube placed trans‐anastomotically until POD 245. The patient remained free from jaundice after removal of the PTCD tube. MCA can be a useful and less invasive procedure for treating biliary tract anastomotic obstruction in patients with BA.
Group 2 ILCs: A way of enhancing immune protection against human helminths?
Authors: Nausch N. , Mutapi F. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryGroup 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play crucial roles in type 2 immune responses associated with allergic and autoimmune diseases, viral and helminth infections and tissue homoeostasis. Experimental models show that in helminth infections ILC2s provide an early source of type 2 cytokines and therefore are essential for the induction of potentially protective type 2 responses. Much of our knowledge of ILC2s in helminth infections has come from experimental mouse models with very few studies analysing ILC2s in natural human infections. In attempts to harness knowledge from paradigms of the development of protective immunity in human helminth infections for vaccine development, the role of ILC2 cells could be pivotal. So far, potential vaccines against human helminth infections have failed to provide effective protection when evaluated in human studies. In addition to appropriate antigen selection, it is apparent that more detailed knowledge on mechanisms of induction and maintenance of protective immune responses is required. Therefore, there is need to understand how ILC2 cells induce type 2 responses and subsequently support the development of a protective immune response in the context of immunizations. Within this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the biology of ILC2s, discuss the importance of ILC2s in human helminth infections and explore how ILC2 responses could be boosted to efficiently induce protective immunity.
Higher‐level phylogeny of diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) based on larval characters
Authors: MICHAT MARIANO C. , ALARIE YVES , MILLER KELLY B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA comprehensive higher‐level phylogeny of diving beetles (Dytiscidae) based on larval characters is presented. Larval morphology and chaetotaxy of a broad range of genera and species was studied, covering all currently recognized subfamilies and tribes except for the small and geographically restricted Hydrodytinae, where the larva is unknown. The results suggest several significant conclusions with respect to the systematics of Dytiscidae including the following: monophyly of all currently recognized subfamilies, although Dytiscinae when considered in a broad context is rendered paraphyletic by Cybistrinae; currently recognized tribes are monophyletic except for Agabini, Hydroporini and Laccornellini; inter‐subfamily and inter‐tribe relationships generally show weak support, except for a few well supported clades; three distinct clades are recognized within Dytiscinae [Dytiscini sensu lato (i.e. including the genera Dytiscus Linnaeus and Hyderodes Hope), Hydaticini sensu lato, and Cybistrini]; and recognition of Pachydrini as a distinct tribe. Other less robust results include: Methlini sister to the rest of Hydroporinae; relative basal position of Laccornini, Hydrovatini and Laccornellini within Hydroporinae; close relationship of Agabinae and Copelatinae; Matinae nested deep within Dytiscidae, as sister to a large clade including Colymbetinae, Coptotominae, Lancetinae and Dytiscinae sensu lato; the sister‐group relationship of Agabetini and Laccophilini is confirmed. The results presented here are discussed and compared with previous phylogenetic hypotheses based on different datasets, and the evolution of some significant morphological features is discussed in light of the proposed phylogeny. All suprageneric taxa are diagnosed, including illustrations of all relevant synapomorphies, and a key to separate subfamilies and tribes is presented, both in traditional (paper) format and as an online Lucid interactive identification key.
Utility of the urine reagent strip leucocyte esterase assay for the diagnosis of meningitis in resource‐limited settings: meta‐analysis
Authors: Bortcosh William , Siedner Mark , Carroll Ryan W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveDiagnosis of bacterial meningitis often requires cytometry, chemistry and/or microbiologic culture capabilities. Unfortunately, laboratory resources in low‐resource settings (LRS) often lack the capacity to perform these studies. We sought to determine whether the presence of white blood cells in CSF detected by commercially available urine reagent strips could aid in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.MethodsWe searched PubMed for studies published between 1980 and 2016 that investigated the use of urine reagent strips to identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis. We assessed studies in any language that enrolled subjects who underwent lumbar puncture and had cerebrospinal fluid testing by both standard laboratory assays and urine reagent strips. We abstracted true‐positive, false‐negative, false‐positive and true‐negative counts for each study using a diagnostic threshold of ≥10 white blood cells per microlitre for suspected bacterial meningitis and performed mixed regression modelling with random effects to estimate pooled diagnostic accuracy across studies.ResultsOur search returned 13 studies including 2235 participants. Urine reagent strips detected CSF pleocytosis with a pooled sensitivity of 92% (95% CI: 84–96), a pooled specificity of 98% (95% CI: 94–99) and a negative predictive value of 99% when the bacterial meningitis prevalence is 10%.ConclusionsUrine reagent strips could provide a rapid and accurate tool to detect CSF pleocytosis, which, if negative, can be used to exclude diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in settings without laboratory infrastructure. Further investigation of the diagnostic value of using protein, glucose and bacteria components of these strips is warranted.
Перспективи застосування апротиніну в щелепно-лицевій хірургії та стоматології (огляд літератури)
Authors: Paterega N. I. 
Published: June 2017

The article adduces the current experience of using of the aprotinin (inhibitor of proteolisis and kininogenesis) in the clinical medicine. We also highlighted the mechanism of its influence on the organizm and described the indications for it use with therapeutic purposes after surgical pain syndrome. We confirmed the effectivness of drugs based on aprotinin for the treatment in various pathological conditions, because of its anti-inflammatory, antifibrinolitic, antishock action. Nowadays, the drugs which contain the main active substance as aprotinin are used for the prevention and treatment of pancreatitis, pancreonecrosis, hyperfibrinolitic bleeding, complications after thrombolytic therapy and in cardiac surgery. Injection of aprotinin before surgery helps to prevent the development of diffuse bleeding during operation. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of aprotinin has multivalent character. The ability of aprotinin to reduce the production of proinflammatory interleukines and at the same time stimulates the appearance of anti-inflammatory interleukins that allows to use it for reducing of surgery trauma and postoperative pain syndrome. In addition, we presented the results of local application of products containing aprotinin ("Gordoх", "Contrical", "Tachokomb", "Aerus"), used by the physiotherapy. In this article we analyzed recent literature data on the use of aprotinin in clinical dental practice and maxillofacial surgery (treatment of the maxillofacial area soft tissue inflammation, complications of bone fractures, impacted lower third molars surgery). The ability of the aprotinin to reduce the symptoms of inflammation, improve microcirculation, heal postoperative wounds and its positive impact on haemodynamics makes it an alternative to dexamethasone while dealing with the pain and swelling. All above mentioned serves as a base for more widespread application of aprotinin in practical of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery.