bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fructose and glucose combined with free fatty acids induce metabolic disorders in HepG2 cell: A new model to study the impacts of high‐fructose/sucrose and high‐fat diets in vitro
Authors: Zhao Liang , Guo Xiaoxuan , Wang Ou , Zhang Hongjuan , Wang Yong , Zhou Feng , Liu Jia , Ji Baoping 
Published: January 2016

ScopeThis work investigated the underlying mechanism of high‐fructose/sucrose and high‐fat diets, which rapidly induce metabolic syndrome in vivo, via a new cell model.Methods and resultsGlucose and/or fructose were used to induce the human hepatoma cell (HepG2) in the presence of palmitic acid, oleic acid, or combined fatty acids (CFA) for 24 h. The alterations in lipid and uric acid production, glucose metabolism, oxidative status, and related genes and proteins were monitored. The cell model that featured metabolic disorders was established by treatment of 10 mM glucose and 15 mM fructose plus 1 mM CFA. Results showed that palmitic acid mainly induced insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and triglyceride (TG) secretion, whereas oleic acid mainly contributed to intracellular TG. Fructose was mainly responsible for uric acid and cholesterol production. In addition, fructose synergistically elevated the intra‐ and extracellular TG and extracellular malonaldehyde with glucose and CFA. Regulations of genes and proteins associated with carbohydrate metabolism and lipogenesis partially explained the action of fructose in inducing the metabolic disorders in cell.ConclusionThe combination of glucose, fructose, and CFA could successfully induce metabolic disorders in HepG2 cells, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hyperuricemia, and oxidative stress.
Rapid quantitative T2 mapping of the prostate using three‐dimensional dual echo steady state MRI at 3T
Authors: Dregely Isabel , Margolis Daniel A. J. , Sung Kyunghyun , Zhou Ziwu , Rangwala Novena , Raman Steven S. , Wu Holden H. 
Published: January 2016

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a rapid three‐dimensional (3D) quantitative T2 mapping method for prostate cancer imaging using dual echo steady state (DESS) MRI at 3T.MethodsIn simulations, DESS‐T2 mapping in the presence of T1 and
variations was evaluated. In a phantom and in healthy volunteers (n = 4), 3D DESS‐T2 mapping was compared with a two‐dimensional turbo spin echo (TSE) approach. In volunteers and a pilot patient study (n = 29), quantitative T2 in normal prostate anatomical zones and in suspected cancerous lesions was evaluated.ResultsThe simulated bias for DESS‐T2 was < 2% (5%) for typically observed T1 (
) variations. In phantoms and in vivo, high correlation of DESS‐T2 and TSE‐T2 (r2 = 0.98 and 0.88, P < 0.001) was found. DESS‐T2 in the normal peripheral zone and transition zone was 115 ± 26 ms and 64 ± 7 ms, respectively, in healthy volunteers and 129 ± 39 ms and 83 ± 12 ms, respectively, in patients. In suspected cancerous lesions, DESS‐T2 was 72 ± 14 ms, which was significantly decreased from the normal peripheral zone (P < 0.001) but not from the transition zone.ConclusionRapid 3D T2 mapping in the entire prostate can be performed in 1 min using DESS MRI. Magn Reson Med 76:1720–1729, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Noninvasive and repetitive measurement of cellular metabolite from human osteosarcoma cells (MG‐63) using 3.0 tesla proton (1H) MR spectroscopy
Authors: Kang Bok‐Man , Mun Chi‐Woong , Chun Song‐I , Kim Tae‐hyung , Son Doo‐Beum , Kim Hong‐Dae 
Published: January 2016

PurposeThis study suggests a noninvasive and repetitive measurement method using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy to monitor changes in cellular metabolites within a single sample.MethodsLongitudinal acquisition of cellular metabolites from three‐dimensional cultured human osteosarcoma (MG‐63) cells was conducted using 3.0 Tesla 1H MRS for 2 weeks at three time points: days 1, 7, and 14. During the MR spectroscopy (MRS) scan, cell specimen temperatures were kept constant at 37°C by a lab‐developed magnetic resonance compatible thermostatic device. A DNA assay and live/dead staining of the cell specimens were carried out at each time point to verify the MRS measurements.ResultsCell viability in the proposed device did not significantly differ from that of cells in a conventional incubator (P = 0.946). Cell proliferation and choline concentration increased during the first week, but remained constant during the second week. Lactate did not change during the first week, but increased during the second week. Likewise, cell viability remained constant until day 7, then decreased.ConclusionThe proposed MRS technique results in a survivable environment for longitudinal studies of cells and provides a new way to measure metabolomic changes over time in single specimens of cells. Magn Reson Med 76:1912–1918, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
On the accuracy and precision of cardiac magnetic resonance T2 mapping: A high‐resolution radial study using adiabatic T2 preparation at 3 T
Authors: Bano Wajiha , Feliciano Hélène , Coristine Andrew J. , Stuber Matthias , van Heeswijk Ruud B. 
Published: January 2016

PurposeThe goal of this study was to characterize the accuracy and precision of cardiac T2 mapping as a function of different factors including low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), imaging in systole, and off‐resonance frequencies.MethodsBloch equation and Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine the influence of SNR and the choice of T2 preparation echo time (TET2prep) increments on the accuracy and precision of high‐resolution radial cardiac T2 mapping at 3.0 T. Healthy volunteers were scanned to establish the difference in precision and inter‐ and intraobserver variability between T2 mapping in diastole and systole, as well as the effect of SNR and off‐resonance frequencies on the accuracy of T2 maps.ResultsThe simulations demonstrated that a TET2prep increment of ∼0.75 times the T2 value of interest optimally increases the precision of the T2 fit. Systolic T2 maps were found to have a higher precision (P = 0.002), but similar inter‐ and intraobserver variability compared with diastolic T2 maps, whereas off‐resonance frequencies beyond ± 100 Hz cause a significant decrease in both accuracy and precision (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis evaluation of the accuracy and precision of cardiac T2 mapping characterizes the major vulnerabilities of the technique and will help guide protocol definition of studies that include T2 mapping. Magn Reson Med 77:159–169, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal noise variance of a receive radiofrequency coil as a respiratory motion sensor
Authors: Andreychenko A. , Raaijmakers A.J.E. , Sbrizzi A. , Crijns S.P.M. , Lagendijk J.J.W. , Luijten P.R. , van den Berg C.A.T. 
Published: January 2016

PurposeDevelopment of a passive respiratory motion sensor based on the noise variance of the receive coil array.MethodsRespiratory motion alters the body resistance. The noise variance of an RF coil depends on the body resistance and, thus, is also modulated by respiration. For the noise variance monitoring, the noise samples were acquired without and with MR signal excitation on clinical 1.5/3 T MR scanners. The performance of the noise sensor was compared with the respiratory bellow and with the diaphragm displacement visible on MR images. Several breathing patterns were tested.ResultsThe noise variance demonstrated a periodic, temporal modulation that was synchronized with the respiratory bellow signal. The modulation depth of the noise variance resulting from the respiration varied between the channels of the array and depended on the channel's location with respect to the body. The noise sensor combined with MR acquisition was able to detect the respiratory motion for every k‐space read‐out line.ConclusionWithin clinical MR systems, the respiratory motion can be detected by the noise in receive array. The noise sensor does not require careful positioning unlike the bellow, any additional hardware, and/or MR acquisition. Magn Reson Med 77:221–228, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cost efficiency of mobile in‐network caching
Authors: Zhang Nan , Kimmerlin Maël , Costa‐Requena Jose , Hämmäinen Heikki 
Published: January 2016

SummaryMobile data volume is growing with an annual compound rate of 61% between 2014 and 2019. To cope with the data volume growth, a more dynamic and flexible network is needed. Caching has been deployed by both mobile network operators and content providers to reduce the load on centralized data centers and gateways. In addition, software‐defined networking (SDN) is a prominent solution to more flexibly and efficiently utilize the available network resources, especially in the mobile backhaul. However, installation of cache servers into the network means additional capital expenditure (CAPEX) and their daily operations incur operational expenses (OPEX). Thus, the change in cost of deploying and operating in‐network caching compared with data center caching is modeled in this paper using a Finnish Long‐Term Evolution reference network. In addition, this paper simulates both the SDN‐optimized in‐network caching system and data center caching, the results of which are utilized in the cost model. The simulation results show that, on average, in‐network caching compared with caching only in data centers reduces traffic load by 45% in the network and 6% in the gateways. The cost modeling indicates that in‐network caching reduces network‐related CAPEX by 1.53% and OPEX by 0.49% compared with caching only in data centers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlates of self‐rated attachment in patients with cancer and their caregivers: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nissen Kathrine G. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the association between an anxious/avoidant attachment style and psychosocial variables in patients with cancer and their caregivers.MethodsPsycINFO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS were searched for empirical studies published in peer‐reviewed journals between 1994 and 2015, and unpublished data from one cohort were added. Meta‐analyses synthesized results from studies investigating the correlates of attachment styles, measured with validated scales, among patients with cancer or their caregivers.ResultsThirteen studies (k = 13) were included in the quantitative synthesis (including unpublished data from one cohort). Anxious attachment was associated with depression (r = 0.29, CI 0.19–0.38, I2 = 76%), anxiety (r = 0.34, CI 0.13–0.52, I2 = 69%), and social support (r = −0.39, CI −0.55–0.21, I2 = 87%). Avoidant attachment was associated with depressive symptoms (r = 0.20, CI 0.15–0.25, I2 = 16%), anxiety (r = 0.13, CI 0.01–0.24, I2 = 4%), and social support (r = −0.28, CI −0.42–0.14, I2 = 75%).ConclusionsPatients with cancer and their caregivers showing high levels of insecure attachment are at risk of experiencing higher levels of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and poor social support. Findings suggest that clinicians' awareness of attachment styles may serve as important clinical insight to improve treatment outcomes. Large‐scale studies and longitudinal studies are required to investigate distinct longitudinal pathways in cancer‐related distress across different attachment styles Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of file‐based deduplication in digital forensics
Authors: Neuner Sebastian , Schmiedecker Martin , Weippl Edgar 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOver the last decades, the increasing amount of storage became a pressing problem for forensic investigators. This is caused by the computerization of everyday life and the associated increasing number of different devices in typical households. Considering multi‐terabyte storage on the suspects' side, even more storage requirements emerge on the side of the investigator for secure backup and working copies. In this paper, we improve the standardized forensic process by proposing to rigorously use file deduplication across devices as well as file whitelisting in investigations in order to reduce the amount of data that needs to be stored for analysis as early as during data acquisition. These improvements happen in an automatic fashion and are completely transparent to the forensic investigator. They may furthermore be added without negative effects to the chain of custody or artifact validity in court and are evaluated in a realistic use case. Additionally, we illustrate the effectivity of our proposed approach on a real‐world corpus by showing a notable reduction in number of reduced files as well as storage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cryptanalysis of a certificateless aggregate signature scheme
Authors: Wang Liangliang , Chen Kefei , Long Yu , Wang Huige 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn aggregate signature refers to a signature, by which n signatures σ1,...,σn corresponding to n messages m1,...,mn and n users u1,...,un can be transformed into a single short signature
. Besides, anyone can be convinced by the single short signature that the n messages m1,...,mn were definitely signed by the n users u1,...,un correspondingly. The concept of certificateless cryptography is proposed, so as to settle the key escrow problem in ID‐based cryptography and eliminate the demand for certificates in certified cryptography. A certificateless signature scheme was proposed by Chen et al. in 2014, which was extended into a certificateless aggregate signature scheme. In this paper, two attacks are firstly provided, so as to indicate that the certificateless signature scheme is insecure against a Type I adversary and a Type II adversary. And then, it is demonstrated that the certificateless aggregate signature scheme is not able to achieve the security levels they claimed due to the weaknesses of the certificateless signature scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Being the CEO's boss: An examination of board chair orientations
Authors: Krause Ryan 
Published: January 2016

Research summary: Scholars have traditionally conceptualized board leadership as a dichotomous construct. A combined CEO and board chair position is interpreted as reflecting a more collaborative approach to corporate governance, whereas separate positions are interpreted as ensuring greater board control. I challenge this conceptualization and posit that a separate board chair can be oriented toward collaboration as well as—or in place of—control. I analyze newly available data from corporate proxy statements to identify these two board chair orientations and test competing perspectives on how they impact profitability growth in a sample of S&P 500 firms. The results indicate that board leadership is a more nuanced phenomenon than the extant literature would suggest.Managerial summary: What is the role of the board chair when not the CEO? Corporate governance experts assert the board chair's role is to monitor and control the CEO. Yet, board chairs often play another, more collaborative role. Board chairs frequently provide advice and guidance to CEOs and relieve CEOs of board leadership burdens, enabling the CEOs to focus on their primary responsibilities. In this study, I examine the effect of board chair orientations on financial performance and find that, as with separating or joining the CEO and board chair positions, the profitability implications of the selected orientation are far from universal. Board chairs must consider their firm's performance context in order to get the most out of a particular approach to being the CEO's boss. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemokine CCL15 Mediates Migration of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Toward Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gao Yun , Zhou Zhong , Lu Sen , Huang Xinli , Zhang Chuanyong , Jiang Runqiu , Yao Aihua , Sun Beicheng , Wang Xuehao 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the ability to migrate toward tumor sites and are regarded as promising gene delivery vehicles for cancer therapeutics. However, the factors that mediate this tropism have yet to be completely elucidated. In this study, through cytokine array analysis, chemokine CCL15 was found to be the most abundant protein differentially expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines compared with a normal liver cell line. Serum CCL15 levels in HCC patients determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were shown to be profoundly elevated compared with healthy controls. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that CCL15 expression was much stronger in HCC tumor tissues than in adjacent nontumor tissues. Transwell migration assay suggested that CCL15 may be involved in chemotaxis of human MSCs (hMSCs) toward HCC in vitro and that this chemotactic effect of CCL15 is mediated via CCR1 receptors on hMSCs. Orthotopic animal models of HCC were established to investigate the role of CCL15 in hMSCs migration toward HCC in vivo. Both histological and flow cytometric analysis showed that significantly fewer hMSCs localized within 97H-CCL15-shRNA xenografts compared with 97H-green fluorescent protein xenografts after intravenous delivery. Finally, the possible effects of hMSCs on HCC tumor growth were also evaluated. Coculture experiments showed that hMSCs had no apparent effect on the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro In addition, systemic administration of hMSCs did not affect HCC tumor progression in vivo. Our data in this study help to elucidate the mechanism underlying the homing capacity of hMSCs toward HCC.
Bioengineering of noncoding RNAs for research agents and therapeutics
Authors: Ho Pui Yan , Yu Ai‐Ming 
Published: January 2016

The discovery of functional small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs and small interfering RNAs, in the control of human cellular processes has opened new avenues to develop RNA‐based therapies for various diseases including viral infections and cancers. However, studying ncRNA functions and developing RNA‐based therapeutics relies on access to large quantities of affordable ncRNA agents. Currently, synthetic RNAs account for the major source of agents for RNA research and development, yet carry artificial modifications on the ribose ring and phosphate backbone in sharp contrast to posttranscriptional modifications present on the nucleobases or unmodified natural RNA molecules produced within cells. Therefore, large efforts have been made in recent years to develop recombinant RNA techniques to cost‐effectively produce biological RNA agents that may better capture the structure, function, and safety properties of natural RNAs. In this article, we summarize and compare current in vitro and in vivo methods for the production of RNA agents including chemical synthesis, in vitro transcription, and bioengineering approaches. We highlight the latest recombinant RNA approaches using transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and optimal ncRNA scaffold (OnRS), and discuss the applications of bioengineered ncRNA agents (BERAs) that should facilitate RNA research and development. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:186–197. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1324This article is categorized under:

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses In Vitro and In Silico
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
First Report of Metamict Alluaudite (A Sodium Iron Manganese Phosphate Mineral) from Pisangan, Ajmer District, Rajasthan
Authors: Singh Yamuna , Viswanathan R. , Mundra K. L. , Jagadeesan P. , Sharma A. K. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract:
For the first time we report alluaudite from India, which is metamict and is hosted in a zoned pegmatite, near Pisangan, Ajmer district, Rajasthan. Alluaudites known till date, all over the world, are non-metamict type. Therefore, the alluaudite reported from the area is the first locality in the world for the metamict-type of alluaudite. The most conspicuous features exhibited by the alluaudite are various types of cracks in different directions and shapes, including its isotropic nature. The calculated crystallographic parameters of the reported alluaudite are: a0 = 11.9874 Å, b0 = 12.5144 Å, and c0 = 6.4136 Å, β = 114.240 with unit-cell volume (V) = 877.31 Å3, which are in agreement with the values of alluaudite standard. Geochemical data indicates high content of P (32.30% P2O5), Fe (30.2% Fe2O3), Mn (10.62% MnO), besides Mg (7.71% MgO), Ca (5.60% CaO), Na (3.40% Na2O) and Si (2.30% SiO2), and appreciable amount of water of hydration (3.50% LOI). It is highly radioactive due to uranium (2.28% U3O8) and thorium (185 ppm Th). Calculated structural formula of the alluaudite is Na1+0.59Ca2+0.54Mn2+0.80Mg2+1.02Fe3+2.03Al3+0.037U4+0.043P5+2.45O12. The chondrite-normalised plot shows enrichment of HREE relative to LREE with pronounced negative Eu-anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.46). Such a high negative Eu-anomaly suggests extremely fractionated nature of the host pegmatite.
Lack of Comprehensive Outbreak Detection in Hospitals
Authors: Baker Meghan A. , Huang Susan S. , Letourneau Alyssa R. , Kaganov Rebecca E. , Peeples Jennifer R. , Drees Marci , Platt Richard , Yokoe Deborah S. 
Published: January 2016

Timely identification of outbreaks of hospital-associated infections is needed to implement control measures and minimize impact. Survey results from 33 hospitals indicated that most hospitals lacked a formal cluster definition and all targeted a very limited group of prespecified pathogens. Standardized, statistically based outbreak detection could greatly improve current practice.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(4):466–468
South American Prehistory: a review
Authors: Pericot L. 
Published: January 2016

These two articles which deal respectively with the chronological basis of Patagonian prehistory and with its rock pictures, are by the well-known prehistorian who today is Professor of Prehistory in the Faculty of Philosophy and Literature in the University of Buenos Aires. They set out a scheme of outstanding importance for the prehistory of Patagonia which strengthens our opinion, already backed by evidence from all over America, of the great antiquity of Man in the New World.It is inevitable that, when a European archaeologist has transferred his activities to the New World, he should see everything with European eyes, and look for parallels with the cultures he knew in the Old World. Thus it is natural that, in the few years which Professor Menghin has spent in Argentina, his untiring energy should have produced finds and theories of undoubted interest. These are summarized in a table in the first article, which boldly attempts to correlate the cultures of Patagonia with those of the Upper Palaeolithic and later periods in Europe.
Upland Houses: The Influence of Mountain Terrain on British Folk Building
Authors: Walton James 
Published: January 2016

The difficulty of building in mountainous country has resulted in similar solutions over a very wide area, and certain houses and farm buildings in western Britain have many features in common with those in Scandinavia, the Vosges, the Black Forest, Switzerland, Spain, Macedonia and even in the Himalayas. The most obvious method of building in hilly terrain is to create a level platform either entirely by excavation or by excavating the upper portion and using the earth removed to build up the lower part of the platform. A single-storeyed building on such a levelled site may then be identical with any lowland type.Primitive ‘platform’ sites dating from the Dark Ages have been recorded from several parts of Wales, notably those excavated by Aileen Fox on Gelligaer Common, Glamorgan. These homesteads, each consisting of from one to three buildings erected on platforms levelled into the hillside, were sited on a little shelf at the junction of the moorland plateau and the valley scarp at an elevation of about 1,300 feet. Each house was divided into two parts by an almost central cross-passage and the ridge-pole was supported by two or more upright posts. Dark Age and medieval houses of the platform type are known from twenty-six sites in Glamorgan, three in Radnorshire and two near Llanbadarn Fynydd, whilst many smaller homesteads of a similar character have been discovered in Caernarvonshire by Hemp and Gresham.