bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of KPNB1 as a Cellular Target of Aminothiazole Derivatives with Anticancer Activity
Authors: Kim Yong‐Hak , Ha Siyoung , Kim Jungwon , Ham Seung Wook 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe found that aminothiazole derivative (E)‐N‐(5‐benzylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐3‐(furan‐2‐yl)acrylamide (1) has strong anticancer activity, and undertook proteomics approaches to identify the target protein of compound 1, importin β1 (KPNB1). A competitive binding assay using fluorescein‐labeled 1 showed that 1 has strong binding affinity for KPNB1 (Kd: ∼20 nm). Furthermore, through western blotting assays for KPNB1, KPNA2, EGFR, ErbB2, and STAT3, we confirmed that 1 has inhibitory effects on the importin pathway. KPBN1 appears to be overexpressed in several cancer cells, and siRNA‐induced inhibition of KPNB1 shows significant inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, while leaving non‐cancerous cells unaffected. Therefore, compound 1 is a promising new lead for the development of KPNB1‐targeted anticancer agents. Fluorescein‐labeled 1 could be a useful quantitative probe for the development of novel KPNB1 inhibitors.
Conversion of raw lignocellulosic biomass into branched long‐chain alkanes through three tandem steps
Authors: Li Chunrui , Ding Daqian , Xia Qineng , Liu Xiaohui , Wang Yanqin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSynthesis of branched long‐chain alkanes from renewable biomass has attracted intensive interest in recent years, but the feedstock for this synthesis is restricted to platform chemicals. Here, we develop an effective and energy‐efficient process to convert raw lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., corncob) into branched diesel‐range alkanes through three tandem steps for the first time. Furfural and isopropyl levulinate (LA ester) were prepared from hemicellulose and cellulose fractions of corncob in toluene/water biphasic system with added isopropanol, which was followed by double aldol condensation of furfural with LA ester into C15 oxygenates and the final hydrodeoxygenation of C15 oxygenates into branched long‐chain alkanes. The core point of this tandem process is the addition of isopropanol in the first step, which enables the spontaneous transfer of levulinic acid (LA) into the toluene phase in the form of LA ester through esterification, resulting in LA ester co‐existing with furfural in the same phase, which is the basis for double aldol condensation in the toluene phase. Moreover, the acidic aqueous phase and toluene can be reused and the residues, including lignin and humins in aqueous phase, can be separated and carbonized to porous carbon materials.
The Effect of Experimental Thyroid Dysfunction on Markers of Oxidative Stress in Rat Pancreas
Authors: Sajadian Mojtaba , Hashemi Mohammad , Salimi Saeedeh , Nakhaee Alireza 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Preclinical Research

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of thyroid dysfunction on markers of oxidative stress in rat pancreas. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were, respectively, induced in rats via administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) and L‐thyroxine sodium salt in drinking water for 45 days. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathioen peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), xanthine oxidase (XO), and nonenzymatic markers of oxidative stress including malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total thiols (T‐SH) were determined in the rat pancreas. In hyperthyroid rats, pancreatic CAT, SOD, GPx, GR, XO, G6PD activities were increased compared with those in hypothyroid and control groups. There were no differences in activities of antioxidant enzymes between hypothyroid and control rats. Pancreatic MDA and PC in hyperthyroid rats increased compared with hypothyroid and the control animals. Whereas, hyperthyroid rats had decreased levels of tissue GSH and T‐SH compared with hypothyroid and the control groups. The findings showed that only GSH level has decreased significantly in the hypothyroid group compared with control groups. In conclusion, our results showed that experimental hyperthyroidism induces oxidative stress in pancreas of rats, but hypothyroidism has no major impact on oxidative stress markers. Drug Dev Res 77 : 199–205, 2016.   © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topical Anti‐Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Multiple Applications of S(+)‐Flurbiprofen Plaster (SFPP) in a Rat Adjuvant‐Induced Arthritis Model
Authors: Sugimoto Masanori , Toda Yoshihisa , Hori Miyuki , Mitani Akiko , Ichihara Takahiro , Sekine Shingo , Kaku Shinsuke , Otsuka Noboru , Matsumoto Hideo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Preclinical Research

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of multiple applications of S(+)‐flurbiprofen plaster (SFPP), a novel Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) patch, for the alleviation of inflammatory pain and edema in rat adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA) model as compared to other NSAID patches. The AIA model was induced by the injection of Mycobacterium butyricum and rats were treated with a patch (1.0 cm × 0.88 cm) containing each NSAID (SFP, ketoprofen, loxoprofen, diclofenac, felbinac, flurbiprofen, or indomethacin) applied to the paw for 6 h per day for 5 days. The pain threshold was evaluated using a flexion test of the ankle joint, and the inflamed paw edema was evaluated using a plethysmometer. cyclooxygenase (COX)−1 and COX‐2 inhibition was evaluated using human recombinant proteins. Multiple applications of SFPP exerted a significant analgesic effect from the first day of application as compared to the other NSAID patches. In terms of paw edema, SFPP decreased edema from the second day after application, Multiple applications of SFPP were superior to those of other NSAID patches, in terms of the analgesic effect with multiple applications. These results suggest that SFPP may be a beneficial patch for providing analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects clinically. Drug Dev Res 77 : 206–211, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Drug Development Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nuclear locus divergence at the early stages of speciation in the Orchard Oriole complex
Authors: Sturge Rachel J. , Cortés‐Rodríguez M. Nandadevi , Rojas‐Soto Octavio R. , Omland Kevin E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAs two lineages diverge from one another, mitochondrialDNAshould evolve fixed differences more rapidly than nuclearDNAdue to its smaller effective population size and faster mutation rate. As a consequence, molecular systematists have focused on the criteria of reciprocal monophyly in mitochondrialDNAfor delimiting species boundaries. However, mitochondrial gene trees do not necessarily reflect the evolutionary history of the taxa in question, and even mitochondrial loci are not expected to be reciprocally monophyletic when the speciation event happened very recently. The goal of this study was to examine mitochondrial paraphyly within the Orchard Oriole complex, which is composed ofIcterus spurius(Orchard Oriole) andIcterus fuertesi(Fuertes' Oriole). We increased the geographic sampling, added four nuclear loci, and used a range of population genetic and coalescent methods to examine the divergence between the taxa. With increased taxon sampling, we found evidence of clear structure between the taxa for mitochondrialDNA. However, nuclear loci showed little evidence of population structure, indicating a very recent divergence betweenI. spuriusandI. fuertesi. Another goal was to examine the genetic variation within each taxon to look for evidence of a past founder event within theI. fuertesilineage. Based on the high amounts of genetic variation for all nuclear loci, we found no evidence of such an event – thus, we found no support for the possible founding ofI. fuertesithrough a change in migratory behavior, followed by peripheral isolates speciation. Our results demonstrate that these two taxa are in the earliest stages of speciation, at a point when they have fixed differences in plumage color that are not reflected in monophyly of the mitochondrial or nuclearDNAmarkers in this study. This very recent divergence makes them ideal for continued studies of species boundaries and the earliest stages of speciation.
Estimating species richness using environmental DNA
Authors: Olds Brett P. , Jerde Christopher L. , Renshaw Mark A. , Li Yiyuan , Evans Nathan T. , Turner Cameron R. , Deiner Kristy , Mahon Andrew R. , Brueseke Michael A. , Shirey Patrick D. , Pfrender Michael E. , Lodge David M. , Lamberti Gary A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe foundation for any ecological study and for the effective management of biodiversity in natural systems requires knowing what species are present in an ecosystem. We assessed fish communities in a stream using two methods, depletion‐based electrofishing and environmental DNA metabarcoding (eDNA) from water samples, to test the hypothesis that eDNA provides an alternative means of determining species richness and species identities for a natural ecosystem. In a northern Indiana stream, electrofishing yielded a direct estimate of 12 species and a mean estimated richness (Chao II estimator) of 16.6 species with a 95% confidence interval from 12.8 to 42.2. eDNA sampling detected an additional four species, congruent with the mean Chao II estimate from electrofishing. This increased detection rate for fish species between methods suggests that eDNA sampling can enhance estimation of fish fauna in flowing waters while having minimal sampling impacts on fish and their habitat. Modern genetic approaches therefore have the potential to transform our ability to build a more complete list of species for ecological investigations and inform management of aquatic ecosystems.
Consequences of elevated temperature and pCO2 on insect folivory at the ecosystem level: perspectives from the fossil record
Authors: Currano Ellen D. , Laker Rachel , Flynn Andrew G. , Fogt Kari K. , Stradtman Hillary , Wing Scott L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPaleoecological studies document the net effects of atmospheric and climate change in a natural laboratory over timescales not accessible to laboratory or ecological studies. Insect feeding damage is visible on well‐preserved fossil leaves, and changes in leaf damage through time can be compared to environmental changes. We measured percent leaf area damaged on four fossil leaf assemblages from the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, that range in age from 56.1 to 52.65 million years (Ma). We also include similar published data from three US sites 49.4 to ~45 Ma in our analyses. Regional climate was subtropical or warmer throughout this period, and the second oldest assemblage (56 Ma) was deposited during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a geologically abrupt global warming event caused by massive release of carbon into the atmosphere. Total and leaf‐chewing damage are highest during the PETM, whether considering percent area damaged on the bulk flora, the average of individual host plants, or a single plant host that occurs at multiple sites. Another fossil assemblage in our study, the 52.65 Ma Fifteenmile Creek paleoflora, also lived during a period of globally high temperature and pCO2, but does not have elevated herbivory. Comparison of these two sites, as well as regression analyses conducted on the entire dataset, demonstrates that, over long timescales, temperature and pCO2 are uncorrelated with total insect consumption at the ecosystem level. Rather, the most important factor affecting herbivory is the relative abundance of plants with nitrogen‐fixing symbionts. Legumes dominate the PETM site; their prevalence would have decreased nitrogen limitation across the ecosystem, buffering generalist herbivore populations against decreased leaf nutritional quality that commonly occurs at high pCO2. We hypothesize that nitrogen concentration regulates the opposing effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on insect abundance and thereby total insect consumption, which has important implications for agricultural practices in today's world of steadily increasing pCO2.
Terrestrial ecosystem health under long‐term metal inputs: modeling and risk assessment
Authors: Xu Li , Lofts Stephen , Lu Yonglong 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Metal contamination of soils may pose long‐term risks to ecosystem health if not properly managed. Future projection of contamination trends, coupled with ecological assessment, is needed to assess such risks. This can be achieved by coupling dynamic models of soil metal accumulation and loss with risk assessment on the basis of projected metal levels. In this study, we modeled the long‐term dynamics of Cu, Zn, and Cd in agricultural topsoils of a northern Chinese catchment (Guanting reservoir) and related projected metal levels to 2060 to ecological risk. Past metal dynamics were simulated using historical metal inputs from atmospheric deposition, irrigation, fertilizers, and animal manures. Modeling future dynamics was done using scenarios of projected metal input rates. Ecological risk assessment was done using the Potentially Affected Fraction () approach to estimate the combined toxic pressure due to the three metals. Modeled labile soil metals agreed well with measurements from monitoring in 2009 following adjustment of the porewater dissolved organic concentration. Metals were predicted to be largely retained in the topsoil. Projections were sensitive to changes in imposed soil pH, organic matter, and porewater dissolved organic carbon. Modeling suggests that decreases in input rates to between 5% and 7.5% of 2009 levels are required to prevent further accumulation. Computed s suggest zinc makes the greatest contribution to ecological risk. Under the most conservative estimate of , the threshold of potential ecological risk was reached before 2060 in two of the three future input scenarios.
Distributed satisfaction‐aware relay assignment: a novel matching‐game approach
Authors: Liu Dianxiong , Xu Yitao , Xu Yiwei , Ding Cheng , Xu Kun , Xu Yuhua 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBased on matching game theory, this paper puts forward a novel‐distributed relay‐assignment approach to optimise the throughput satisfaction of source nodes, which is scarcely investigated in former works. The assignment problem is modelled as a matching market, where source nodes apply to relay nodes according to their throughput requirements, in the meantime, relay nodes obtain pay offs by assisting source nodes to transmit data. The proposed game appears in the category of matching games with both peer effects and dynamic quotas. The choice of each source node is related to not only the quality of channel gain but also the results of other source nodes choices. Dynamic quotas of matching game are considered because of the limited resource of relay nodes and dynamic requirements of source nodes, which adds difficulty of relay assignment. To address this issue, a novel self‐organising matching approach is proposed. Then, the proposed algorithm is proved to converge to a two‐sided stable matching between source nodes and relay nodes. Shown in the simulation results, the proposed distributed matching algorithm outperforms the existing schemes in terms of both global satisfaction and fairness within a reasonable convergence time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of subduction components on magma composition in back‐arc basins: a comparison between the Mariana and Okinawa troughs
Authors: Zhao Guangtao , Luo Wenqiang , Lai Zhiqing , Tian Liyan , Xu Cuiling 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNew Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic data of seven basalt samples from the middle Mariana Trough were analysed together with existing geochemical data of basalts from the middle Mariana Trough (MMT), the northern Mariana Trough (NMT), the middle Okinawa Trough (MOT), and the southern Okinawa Trough (SOT). Basalts from the Mariana and Okinawa troughs have similarities to island arc lavas and are enriched in large ion lithophile elements but depleted in high field strength elements compared with normal mid‐ocean ridge basalt (N‐MORB). The Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions of the back‐arc basin basalts maybe modelled by a mixing between end‐member components of N‐MORB‐like mantle and enriched mantle end‐member. Modelling results suggest that as the degree of back‐arc extension increases, the proportion of subduction components in the source magma decreases. The compositions of SOT basalts can be explained by the mixing of subduction components in the proportion 16%, followed by MOT at 14%, NMT at 7%, and MMT at 4%. This result indicates that the contribution of subduction components to the composition of source magmas for back‐arc basalts is closely related to the tectonic evolution of the entire back‐arc system. The proportions of subduction components in basaltic magma sources can be used as an indicator of the extent of evolution of a back‐arc basin or the development of a back‐arc spreading system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Lure of Work‐Life Benefits: Perceived Person‐Organization Fit As A Mechanism Explaining Job Seeker Attraction To Organizations
Authors: Firfiray Shainaz , Mayo Margarita 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDrawing from person‐organization (P‐O) fit theory, we explain how the provision of work‐life benefits (WLBs) increases job seeker attraction to organizations during the early recruitment stage because of a perceived value fit between job seekers and the organization. Our results from an experimental study using a sample of 189 MBA students who belonged to two generational groups (Millennials and Gen Xers) and were seeking employment during a period of economic recession support our expectations. We found that job seekers develop higher P‐O fit perceptions for organizations that supplement standard pay with WLBs in their recruitment materials compared with organizations that supplement standard pay with health care benefits or offer only standard pay. In turn, such organizations are assessed as more attractive prospective employers. We also found that generational group moderated the path between P‐O fit and job seeker attraction such that Millennial job seekers were more likely to be attracted toward organizations with which they had strong fit perceptions than their Gen X counterparts. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Steroid Hormone Receptor Coregulators in Endocrine Cancers
Authors: Obeid Jean‐Pierre , Zafar Nawal , El Hokayem Jimmy 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCoregulators span a broad and extensive domain in modulating cellular transcriptional activity. Studies have established a dynamic role for such coregulators in various endocrine cancers. Steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) play a pivotal role in such endocrine cancers, and interact abundantly with transcriptional coregulators in altering gene expression. Several families of coregulators have implications in propagating the development, progression and invasion of breast, prostate, and other hormone‐responsive cancers. This mini‐review aims to discuss different classes of coregulators involved in endocrine cancers and highlight unique information regarding each family with relevance to mechanism, intervention, and novel directions being investigated. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(7):504–515, 2016
Preclinical safety study of a recombinant Streptococcus pyogenes vaccine formulated with aluminum adjuvant
Authors: HogenEsch Harm , Dunham Anisa , Burlet Elodie , Lu Fangjia , Mosley Yung‐Yi C. , Morefield Garry 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA recombinant vaccine composed of a fusion protein formulated with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is under development for protection against diseases caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. The safety and local reactogenicity of the vaccine was assessed by a comprehensive series of clinical, pathologic and immunologic tests in preclinical experiments. Outbred mice received three intramuscular injections of 1/5th of the human dose (0.1 ml) and rabbits received two injections of the full human dose. Control groups received adjuvant or protein antigen. The vaccine did not cause clinical evidence of systemic toxicity in mice or rabbits. There was a transient increase of peripheral blood neutrophils after the third vaccination of mice. In addition, the concentration of acute phase proteins serum amyloid A and haptoglobin was significantly increased 1 day after injection of the vaccine in mice. There was mild transient swelling and erythema of the injection site in both mice and rabbits. Treatment‐related pathology was limited to inflammation at the injection site and accumulation of adjuvant‐containing macrophages in the draining lymph nodes. In conclusion, the absence of clinical toxicity in two animal species suggest that the vaccine is safe for use in a phase I human clinical trial. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of optical attenuation imaging using optical coherence tomography for monitoring of scars undergoing fractional laser treatment
Authors: Es'haghian Shaghayegh , Gong Peijun , Chin Lixin , Harms Karl‐Anton , Murray Alexandra , Rea Suzanne , Kennedy Brendan F. , Wood Fiona M. , Sampson David D. , McLaughlin Robert A. 
Published: May 2016

We demonstrate the use of the near‐infrared attenuation coefficient, measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT), in longitudinal assessment of hypertrophic burn scars undergoing fractional laser treatment. The measurement method incorporates blood vessel detection by speckle decorrelation and masking, and a robust regression estimator to produce 2D en face parametric images of the attenuation coefficient of the dermis. Through reliable co‐location of the field of view across pre‐ and post‐treatment imaging sessions, the study was able to quantify changes in the attenuation coefficient of the dermis over a period of ∼20 weeks in seven patients. Minimal variation was observed in the mean attenuation coefficient of normal skin and control (untreated) mature scars, as expected. However, a significant decrease (13 ± 5%, mean ± standard deviation) was observed in the treated mature scars, resulting in a greater distinction from normal skin in response to localized damage from the laser treatment. By contrast, we observed an increase in the mean attenuation coefficient of treated (31 ± 27%) and control (27 ± 20%) immature scars, with numerical values incrementally approaching normal skin as the healing progressed. This pilot study supports conducting a more extensive investigation of OCT attenuation imaging for quantitative longitudinal monitoring of scars.
En face 2D OCT attenuation coefficient map of a treated immature scar derived from the pre‐treatment (top) and the post‐treatment (bottom) scans. (Vasculature (black) is masked out.) The scale bars are 0.5 mm.magnified imageEn face 2D OCT attenuation coefficient map of a treated immature scar derived from the pre‐treatment (top) and the post‐treatment (bottom) scans. (Vasculature (black) is masked out.) The scale bars are 0.5 mm.