bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Skeletal-Related Events in Patients With Advanced and Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated With Hormone Therapy in a Low- and Middle-Income Country
Authors: Aisuodionoe-Shadrach Oseremen , Abu Sadiq N. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract 16 Background: Skeletal-related events (SREs) are fractures, radiotherapy to bone, or spinal cord compression that occurs concurrently with or after the first bone metastasis in men with prostate cancer (PC) and may result from hormone therapy (HT). In this work, we report the incidence of SREs in patients with PC who are treated with HT and highlight the burden of advanced and metastatic PC in a practice in a low- and middle-income country. Methods: Retrospective data was of newly diagnosed patients with PC with SREs who were treated with androgen deprivation therapy at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria, between January 2012 and December 2015. Results: Of 219 cases reviewed, 142 patients (64.8%) had American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IV PC and so commenced treatment with HT, with > 50% of these patients being older than 65 years (mean [standard deviation], 68.3 [± 9.5] years). Serum prostate-specific antigen range was 1.4 to 2,461.58 ng/mL (mean [standard deviation], 113.7 [± 288.9] ng/mL). Twenty-nine patients (20.5%) had one or more SREs: spinal cord compression (19.1%), pathological fractures (1.4%), and radiotherapy to the affected bone (1.4%) being the most common. Fifty additional patients (35.2%) had bone pain with localization to the lumbosacral spine in > 50% of them, whereas two patients with pathologic fractures had internal fixation and bone radiotherapy, respectively. HT was orchiectomy, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (LHRH), antiandrogens, and complete androgen blockade (orchiectomy plus antiandrogens) in 14 (9.8%), 3 (2.1%), 44 (30.9%), and 81 (57%) patients, respectively. Conclusion: That 65% of our patients had advanced or metastatic PC at first diagnosis lends credence to late presentation with increased morbidity and mortality of PC in our environment where penetration of radiotherapy services and access to LHRH is significantly low, as evidenced by patients who had complete androgen blockade that was treated with orchiectomy plus antiandrogens. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from either author.
Effective Global Cancer Care Requires Radiation Therapy: Defining a Path From No Radiotherapy to Radiotherapy of High Quality Globally
Authors: Coleman C. Norman , Pistenmaa David , Jaffray David , Gospodarowicz Mary , Vikram Bhadrasain , Myers Steve , Vretenar Maurizio , Amaldi Ugo , Dosanjh Manjit 
Published: April 2017

Abstract 46 Background: The increasing global burden of cancer in health disparity regions is now well recognized. To appropriately address the need, the full spectrum of cancer care is required, including cancer control plans, cancer registries, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, multidisciplinary care, and follow-up. Radiation therapy is required for curative treatment, particularly for solid tumors, and for palliation. The Global Task Force for Radiation for Cancer Control, created by the Union for International Cancer Control, demonstrated that radiotherapy is economically beneficial and affordable (Lancet Oncol. 2015 16:1153-86). Recognizing that many low- and middle-income countries have inadequate or no radiation therapy and that there is a need globally for at least 5,000 radiation therapy machines, a well-designed implementation plan is necessary. This includes attention to the potential danger from misuse or mishandling of cobalt-60 and the potential for remote networking to ensure high-quality treatment. Methods: Experts with a broad range of interests and representatives from public and private sectors met at an International Cancer Expert Corps–sponsored workshop on the CERN campus on November 7 and 8, 2016, to consider future options, including innovative technology, a software and systems approach to dealing with the complexity of radiation therapy, and the need for ongoing education and training. Discussions included replacement of cobalt-60 units over time for security and safety reasons. Results: The International Cancer Expert Corps–CERN workshop produced criteria for what could be a newly designed linear accelerator. Three task groups were established to address technology/software solutions, education and training, and economic issues. Conclusion: The workshop report is forthcoming and the task groups will work to define short- and long-term solutions to this major global shortfall. This workshop represents a potential watershed moment for augmenting global cancer care by bringing together expertise and potential investment at the scope needed to address the gap in radiation treatment capacity. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST C. Norman Coleman No relationship to disclose David Pistenmaa No relationship to disclose David Jaffray Consulting or Advisory Role: IBA Mary Gospodarowicz No relationship to disclose Bhadrasain Vikram No relationship to disclose Steve Myers No relationship to disclose Maurizio Vrentenar No relationship to disclose Ugo Amaldi No relationship to disclose Manjit Dosanjh No relationship to disclose
Preferred Information Sources and Needs of Patients With Cancer on Disease Symptoms and Management: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Belachew Sewunet Admasu , Mekuria Abebe Basazn , Erku Daniel Asfaw 
Published: April 2017

Abstract 3 Background: The provision of appropriate information to patients with cancer has a weighty impact on heightening the quality of cancer care across the whole community of patients with cancer. Diagnosis and management of cancer require patients to be aware of their disease. This study aimed at identifying the information needs of patients with cancer, their preferences for the means of receiving health information, and the perceived level of satisfaction of existing possibilities for acquiring cancer-related information in Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional survey was administered to 556 patients with cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy in the oncology wards of Gondar University Referral Hospital and Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital. Data were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: Information regarded as most important by the majority of patients (67.26%) concerned that of the specific type of cancer (name and stage of cancer), followed by information on the adverse effects of chemotherapy and their management (63.29%) and prognosis (survival; 51.8%). Doctors, overwhelmingly, were the source of information about cancer (88.8%), followed by nurses (34%). The majority of respondents (70.3%) were not satisfied at all or only a little satisfied, whereas 15.6% of respondents reported that they were “quite” or “very” satisfied with the existing possibilities for acquiring information regarding cancer. Conclusion: Medical practitioners other than doctors and nurses, such as clinical pharmacists, should support and identify measures that can enhance patient satisfaction regarding existing possibilities for acquiring information about cancer. Periodic assessment of the information requirements of a patient with cancer is also crucial, considering the ever-changing dynamics of priorities of such information desires. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.
Leveraging HIV Research and Implementation for Cancer and Noncommunicable Diseases in Malawi
Authors: Mipando Mwapatsa , Mkandawire Nyengo , Masiye Jones , Wroe Emily , Dullie Luckson , Mataya Ron , Muula Adamson , Mwapatsa Victor , Dzamalala Charles , Masamba Leo , Tomoka Tamiwe , Moses Agnes , Chinula Lameck , Kaimila Bongani , Mulima Gift , Nyasosela Richard , Ngoma Jonathan , Chunda Lilian , Namarika Dan , Kamiza Steve , Nyirenda Moffat , Crampin Amelia , Gordon Stephen , Eckerle Michelle , Ware Russell , Berman Josh , van Oesterhout Joep , Sclafani Joe , El-Mallawany Nader Kim , Wasswa Peter , Kazembe Peter , Dadabhai Sufia , Taha Taha , Kumwenda Johnstone , McCollum Eric , Damania Blossom , Charles Anthony , Fedoriw Yuri , Dittmer Dirk , Hosseinipour Mina , Hoffman Irving , Phiri Sam , Gopal Satish 
Published: April 2017

Abstract 33 Background: Enabled by collaboration and political stability, Malawi is a global leader for HIV research and implementation. We undertook this work to identify ways to leverage successes in HIV treatment and research for cancer and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Methods: Over more than two decades, investment from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other funders has allowed Malawi participation in international HIV networks. As these sought to address HIV-positive cancer, investment occurred to increase pathology, improve cancer registration, scale up cervical cancer screening, and improve nursing and pharmacy skills for chemotherapy administration. This allowed Malawi to participate in multinational clinical trials for HIV-positive Kaposi sarcoma treatment and cervical cancer prevention. Building on this, Malawi was one of six countries in 2014 to receive an NIH U54 consortium award for HIV-positive malignancies and was one of six countries added to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) AIDS Malignancy Consortium. In 2016, expanding beyond HIV-positive cancer, Malawi was one of three countries invited to join a new NCI–International Agency for Research on Cancer esophageal cancer consortium, one of five recipients of a new NCI Burkitt lymphoma award, and one of six recipients of a new NCI P20 grant for a regional center of research excellence for NCDs. Malawi is also one of 11 countries to convene a Lancet noncommunicable diseases and injury poverty commission for NCDs and injury. Finally, partners have improved surveillance and treatment for hypertension, diabetes, injury, and sickle cell anemia, in part, through a national Knowledge Translation Platform for HIV-NCD integration. With this support and funding, career development opportunities are embedded for Malawian NCD researchers. Results: Building on successes in HIV treatment and research, Malawi has become a global leader for cancer and NCD research and implementation. Conclusion: Continue developing a multilateral national platform for NCD research and implementation that is globally impactful and can lead to measurable outputs for individual cancer and NCD focus areas. Funding: National Institutes of Health. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.
Phased Implementation Model of Resource-Stratified Guidelines for Breast Cancer Control
Authors: Dvaladze Allison , Duggan Catherine , Gralow Julie R. , Anderson Benjamin O. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract 59 Background: Review of breast cancer control efforts in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has identified the need for a model to bridge the gap between evidence-based planning and implementation or scale-up of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment programs. We undertook this work to develop an evidence-based framework to guide systematic implementation of resource-stratified, effective, and sustainable systems to improve breast health care delivery in LMICs. Methods: On the basis of survey data and site visits, Breast Cancer Initiative 2.5 (BCI2.5) partners developed a phased implementation model for breast cancer management in LMICs. The model outlines an adaptable framework for step-wise implementation of health system requirements across the continuum of care, with successful and systematic management of clinically detectable (palpable) breast disease being a prerequisite to population-based screening. Prerequisites: Standardized protocols, guidelines, and trained health care workforce. Phase 1: Systematic triage and diagnosis of palpable breast disease; phase 2: adapted stage-appropriate treatment planning; phase 3: scaling-up of clinical breast exam to promote downstaging of clinically detectable disease; and phase 4: upgrading of image-based diagnostic systems and management of nonpalpable disease. Once these systems are in place, mammographic screening can be initiated. Results: Successful implementation of the Breast Health Global Initiative resource-stratified guidelines in northern Peru from 2011 to 2016 followed this phased implementation strategy and demonstrated that this approach can help advance specific aspects of a comprehensive cancer control plan in a systematic fashion, surmounting what may seem to be overwhelming barriers to improving early diagnosis. Conclusion: By using this model, BCI2.5 partners, in collaboration with the Government of Tanzania, are developing recommendations to inform the design, implementation, and scale-up of a breast cancer early diagnosis and treatment platform that can be achieved if adequately resourced and implemented in a phased fashion. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Allison Dvaladze Consulting or Advisory Role: Pfizer Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Roche Catherine Duggan No relationship to disclose Julie R. Gralow Consulting or Advisory Role: Novartis, Genentech, Eli Lilly, Bayer, Pfizer Research Funding: Genentech (Inst), Novartis (Inst), Amgen (Inst) Benjamin O. Anderson Consulting or Advisory Role: Pfizer Research Funding: Pfizer, Roche
Tumor Burden in Bangladesh: A Pathology-Based Tumor Registry Overview
Authors: Shahriar Mohammad Hasan , Kamal Mohammad , Islam Tariqul , Rakibuz-Zaman Muhammad , Ahsan Habibul 
Published: April 2017

Abstract 15 Background: Cancer is a public health concern in both developed and developing countries. Appropriate prevention and surveillance of cancer deserves urgent attention as incidence of the disease is expected to double in the next 20 to 25 years in most developing nations. Given the dearth of basic cancer-related data in Bangladesh and feasibility considerations, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, in collaboration with University of Chicago, has continued a pathology-based tumor registry in Bangladesh for the last 4 years (from 2012 to present) at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. We undertook this work to assess the incidence and prevalence of major cancers in Bangladesh according to a histopathology-based cancer registry by establishing a functional network among pathologists working at different government and private sectors as well as to collect tissue and paraffin blocks from patients. Methods: Basic epidemiologic and socioeconomic data were obtained via questionnaire from all patients (N = 13,040 patients; collected from 2012 to 2014) who came to the department laboratory for diagnostic purposes. Histopathologic and/or cytopathologic data were obtained from the department database. Results: Middle-aged (30 to 50 years) adults are more vulnerable (62%) than other extreme age groups to the development of different tumors, including cancer. Women (61.11%) are more prone to develop tumors than men (39.89%). Low socioecomic status (86.73%) and poor education level (less than grade 5; 69.48%) have a key impact on the development of tumors in Bangladesh. In terms of occupation, housewife (49%) is the most vulnerable group compared with all others. Skin tumor (55.6%) is the most common benign tumor among men, and breast tumor (33.28%) among women. In the case of malignancy, uterine malignancy (23.38%) is the most common in women, and mouth and oral cavity cancer (11.7%) in men. The uterus (13.18%) is the most common tumor site, followed by breast (10.69%), among all cases. Conclusion: Although such an effort underestimates the true occurrence of cancers in this population, these data are valuable for formulating any plan or program for epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of cancers at the local and/or national level. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.
Cancer 101 in Minimum and Medium State Prisons: A Model for Preventing Cancer Among Incarcerated Men
Authors: Valera Pamela 
Published: April 2017

Abstract 40 Background: Incarcerated men generally have not been the focus of cancer health studies, despite the strong need for cancer health prevention interventions. Mounting evidence suggests that approximately 60% to 80% of incarcerated adults in the United States have histories of tobacco use compared with 15% of the general adult population. Tobacco use is still a major risk factor for a variety of chronic health problems, including certain cancers and heart disease. Smoking tobacco products daily elicits carcinogens that affect bodily tissues, thereby increasing smokers’ chances of developing cancer-related disparities. I undertook this work to adapt the Cancer 101—a cancer education resource to improve cancer knowledge, survival rates, and cancer control in vulnerable populations—for incarcerated men in correctional settings. Methods: Three state prisons were enrolled in a cancer education program that provided current smokers and ex-smokers information about cancer and tobacco dependence. Men were recruited by using several approaches: through announcements that were displayed in all cell blocks, word of mouth, and invitation directly from prison guards and administrative staff. Ten modules of Cancer 101 were provided for 8 weeks. At each session, pretest and post-test assessments were administered with each module. Results: Participants increased their cancer knowledge and were provided information about the health risks of tobacco products. Current smokers indicated cigarette smoking was helpful in curbing appetite, managing stress, anxiety, disappointment, and boredom. Conclusion: Cancer education classes in state prisons may be useful in increasing cancer knowledge and improving awareness about making better health choices. Cancer health programs are urgently needed in state prisons to empower inmates to take control of their bodies and prevent the risk of developing cancer during incarceration. Funding: National Institute of Health/National Cancer Institute Grant No. K22CA197066. AUTHOR'S DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Pamela Valera No COIs from the author.
Leveraging the National Cancer Institute Cancer Centers Program to Advance Cancer Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Outcomes of Two Funding Initiatives
Authors: Vogel Amanda L. , Silkensen Shannon L. , Hidalgo Catherine 
Published: April 2017

Abstract 45 Background: The National Cancer Institute Cancer Centers Program is one of the anchors of the US cancer research effort. The National Cancer Institute’s Center for Global Health (CGH) has supported several initiatives that leverage this national resource to advance cancer research and related activities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In 2013, CGH awarded 1-year contracts to 15 cancer centers and partner institutions in LMICs to advance cancer research capacity in LMICs through research, training, and capacity building in a range of areas, including informatics, data sharing, and biorepositories. In 2015, CGH awarded 2-year administrative grant supplements to 10 cancer centers and partner institutions in LMICs to support cancer prevention and control research. Domains included clinical and translational research, detection and diagnosis, surveillance and registries, knowledge sharing, implementation science, informatics and mHealth, and malignancies associated with HIV and chronic infection. The aim of this work was to assess the outcomes and impacts of these investments, including scientific progress, capacity development for cancer research and related activities in LMICs, and capacity development for future partnerships among cancer centers and LMIC institutions, as well as to reflect on how initiative characteristics, such as scope and mechanism, influence outcomes and impacts. Methods: We performed qualitative content analysis of progress reports and final reports. Results: Findings highlight the outcomes and impacts of these investments in partnerships among cancer centers and LMIC institutions, and shed light on the influence of funding initiative characteristics. Conclusion: Findings reflect the value of these investments to advance cancer research and related activities in LMICs, and help to inform future CGH engagement with cancer centers. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.
Clinical Impact of a Global Pathology Outreach Program to Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Tan Serena Y. , Soane Caroline , Lopez-Pineda Arturo , Bhatt Ami S. , Stock Frances , Zambrano Eduardo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract 31 Background: Diagnostic resources are often limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Transportability of diagnostic specimens facilitates outreach services, potentially giving LMICs access to state-of-the-art services, which results in more precise therapies. The aim of this work was to evaluate the clinical impact of our ongoing international outreach consult service and to identify specific challenges that LMICs face, with the ultimate goal of guiding focused interventions to address needs in LMICs. Methods: Cases received were catalogued, noting demographics, anatomic site, and initial and final diagnoses. Differences between initial and final diagnoses were categorized as minor or major discrepancies with or without clinical impact affecting management and prognosis. A fifth reclassification category was created for cases in which only a broad diagnosis was initially achieved, and for which more definitive classification was subsequently provided. Results: Five hundred forty-five cases were identified. Initial histopathologic diagnoses were available for 318. Of these, 196 (62%) had discrepant definitive diagnoses, including 165 (52%) with clinical impact. Of those with clinical impact, 95 (58%) were reclassifications, 55 (33%) were major discrepancies, and 15 (9%) were minor differences. Of discrepancies with clinical impact, hematopathology cases were most frequent (40; 24%), then neuropathology (28; 17%), soft tissue (27; 16%), bone (18; 11%), and developmental tumors (18; 11%). Conclusion: Global outreach pathology consult services to LMICs have significant clinical and social impact, which is reflected by one half of the cases reviewed resulting in major change or reclassification in diagnoses that significantly impacted clinical management. Although distribution of discrepant diagnoses in this series may reflect a pediatric referral bias, they also provide insight into particular challenges that are faced by pathologists and clinicians from LMICs as a result of limited access to ancillary techniques, such as immunohistochemistry or molecular diagnostics. In addition, many cases were un- or misdiagnosed because of lack of expertise in certain areas. These trends suggest that, other than direct consultative diagnostic support, concerted efforts to improve laboratory infrastructure, resources, and training in LMICs would be efficacious in the long run. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.