bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferotemporal cortex multiplexes behaviorally-relevant target match signals and visual representations in a manner that minimizes their interference
Authors: Roth Noam , Rust Nicole C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFinding a sought visual target object requires combining visual information about a scene with a remembered representation of the target to create a “target match” signal that indicates when a target is in view. Target match signals have been reported to exist within high-level visual brain areas including inferotemporal cortex (IT), where they are mixed with representations of image and object identity. However, these signals are not well understood, particularly in the context of the real-world challenge that the objects we search for typically appear at different positions, sizes, and within different background contexts. To investigate these signals, we recorded neural responses in IT as two rhesus monkeys performed a delayed-match-to-sample object search task in which target objects could appear at a variety of identity-preserving transformations. Consistent with the existence of behaviorally-relevant target match signals in IT, we found that IT contained a linearly separable target match representation that reflected behavioral confusions on trials in which the monkeys made errors. Additionally, target match signals were highly distributed across the IT population, and while a small fraction of units reflected target match signals as target match suppression, most units reflected target match signals as target match enhancement. Finally, we found that the potentially detrimental impact of target match signals on visual representations was mitigated by target match modulation that was approximately (albeit imperfectly) multiplicative. Together, these results support the existence of a robust, behaviorally-relevant target match representation in IT that is configured to minimally interfere with IT visual representations.
Silver fluoride as a treatment for the disease dental caries
Authors: Horst Jeremy A , Seto Jong 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe current paradigm of treatment for dental caries (tooth decay) in primary teeth is dangerous, fails to reach many children, and suffers high recurrence. Acceptance of the paradigm arises from a misperception that untreated caries in primary teeth is a threat to life. We show a linear relationship between age and deaths in the United States from 1999 through 2015 caused by dental caries, pulpal / periapical abscess, or facial cellulitis. The intercept of 6 years coincides with emergence of the first permanent tooth: it appears that caries in primary teeth is not a threat to life. Thus, treatment goals should be to avoid pain, which is not possible with operative dentistry, as it causes pain. Medical management of caries is a distinct treatment philosophy which employs topical minimally invasive therapies that treat the disease, and is not merely prevention. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a central agent to enable effective non-invasive treatment. The announcement of FDA Breakthrough Therapy designation suggests that SDF will become the first FDA approved drug for treating the disease dental caries. Since our last review, 4 clinical trials have been completed, which inform an update to the application protocol and frequency regimen. Suggestions from these studies are to skip the rinsing step due to demonstration of safety and concern of diminished effectiveness by dilution, and to start patients with an intensive regimen of multiple applications over the first few weeks. Breakthroughs in elucidating the impact of SDF on tooth structure and the plaque microbiome inform potential opportunities for bioengineering and understanding caries arrest, respectively. Dentists have been surprised by preference of this treatment over traditional invasive approaches. Renewed interest in this old material has delivered progress to optimize the judicious use of SDF, and enable a revolution in caries management – particularly for primary teeth.ONE SENTENCE SUMMARYAnesthesia is inappropriate for first-line treatment of early childhood caries now that safe topical treatments such as silver diamine fluoride are available.
A rapid and accurate approach for Prediction of interactomes from co-elution data (PrInCE)
Authors: Stacey R. Greg , Skinnider Michael A. , Scott Nichollas E. , Foster Leonard J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundAn organism’s protein interactome, or complete network of protein-protein interactions, defines the protein complexes that drive cellular processes. Techniques for studying protein complexes have traditionally applied targeted strategies such as yeast two-hybrid or affinity purification-mass spectrometry to assess protein interactions. However, given the vast number of protein complexes, more scalable methods are necessary to accelerate interaction discovery and to construct whole interactomes. We recently developed a complementary technique based on the use of protein correlation profiling (PCP) and stable isotope labeling in amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to assess chromatographic co-elution as evidence of interacting proteins. Importantly, PCP-SILAC is also capable of measuring protein interactions simultaneously under multiple biological conditions, allowing the detection of treatment-specific changes to an interactome. Given the uniqueness and high dimensionality of co-elution data, new tools are needed to compare protein elution profiles, control false discovery rates, and construct an accurate interactome.ResultsHere we describe a freely available bioinformatics pipeline, PrInCE, for the analysis of co-elution data. PrInCE is a modular, open-source library that is computationally inexpensive, able to use label and label-free data, and capable of detecting tens of thousands of protein-protein interactions. Using a machine learning approach, PrInCE offers greatly reduced run time, better performance, prediction of protein complexes, and greater ease of use over previous bioinformatics tools for co-elution data. PrInCE is implemented in Matlab (version R2015b). Source code and standalone executable programs for Windows and Mac OSX are available athttps://github.com/fosterlab/PrInCE,where usage instructions can be found. An example dataset and output are also provided for testing purposes.ConclusionsPrInCE is the first fast and easy-to-use data analysis pipeline that predicts interactomes and protein complexes from co-elution data. PrInCE allows researchers without bioinformatics proficiency to analyze high-throughput co-elution datasets.
Normal CA1 place fields but discoordinated network discharge in a Fmr1-null mouse model of fragile X syndrome
Authors: Sparks Fraser Todd , Talbot Zoe Nicole , Dvorak Dino , Curran Bridget Mary , Alarcon Juan Marcos , Fenton André Antonio 
Published: June 2017

SummarySilence of FMR1 causes loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and dysregulated translation at synapses, resulting in the intellectual disability and autistic symptoms of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). Synaptic dysfunction hypotheses for how intellectual disabilities like cognitive inflexibility arise in FXS, predict impaired neural coding in the absence of FMRP. We tested the prediction by comparing hippocampus place cells in wild-type and FXS-model mice. Experience-driven CA1 synaptic function and synaptic plasticity changes are excessive in Fmr1-null mice, but CA1 place fields are normal. However, Fmr1-null discharge relationships to local field potential oscillations are abnormally weak, stereotyped, and homogeneous; also discharge coordination within Fmr1-null place cell networks is weaker and less reliable than wild-type. Rather than disruption of single-cell neural codes, these findings point to invariant tuning of single-cell responses and inadequate discharge coordination within neural ensembles as a pathophysiological basis of cognitive inflexibility in FXS.
Control of recollection by slow gamma dominating mid-frequency gamma in hippocampus CA1
Authors: Dvorak Dino , Radwan Basma , Sparks Fraser T. , Talbot Zoe Nicole , Fenton André A. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBehavior is used to assess memory and cognitive deficits in animals like Fmrl-null mice that model Fragile X Syndrome, but behavior is a proxy for unknown neural events that define cognitive variables like recollection. We identified an electrophysiological signature of recollection in mouse dorsal CA1 hippocampus. During a shocked-place avoidance task, slow gamma (SG: 30-50 Hz) dominates mid-frequency gamma (MG: 70-90 Hz) oscillations 2-3 seconds before successful avoidance, but not failures. Wild-type but not Fmrl-null mice rapidly adapt to relocating the shock; concurrently, SG/MG maxima (SGdominance) decrease in wild-type but not in cognitively inflexible Fmrl-null mice. During SGdominance, putative pyramidal cell ensembles represent distant locations; during place avoidance, these are avoided places. During shock relocation, wild-type ensembles represent distant locations near the currently-correct shock zone but Fmrl-null ensembles represent the formerly-correct zone. These findings indicate that recollection occurs when CA1 slow gamma dominates mid-frequency gamma, and that accurate recollection of inappropriate memories explains Fmrl-null cognitive inflexibility.
Epidermal Wnt signalling regulates transcriptome heterogeneity and proliferative fate in neighbouring cells
Authors: Ghahramani Arsham , Donati Giacomo , Luscombe Nicholas M. , Watt Fiona M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCanonical Wnt/beta-catenin signalling regulates self-renewal and lineage selection within the mouse epidermis. Although the transcriptional response of keratinocytes that receive a Wnt signal is well characterised, little is known about the mechanism by which keratinocytes in proximity to the Wntreceiving cell are co-opted to undergo a change in cell fate. To address this, we performed single-cell mRNA-Seq on mouse keratinocytes co-cultured with and without the presence of beta-catenin activated neighbouring cells. We identified seven distinct cell states in cultures that had not been exposed to the beta-catenin stimulus and show that the stimulus redistributes wild type subpopulation proportions. Using temporal single-cell analysis we reconstruct the cell fate changes induced by neighbour Wnt activation. Gene expression heterogeneity was reduced in neighbouring cells and this effect was most dramatic for protein synthesis associated genes. The changes in gene expression were accompanied by a shift from a quiescent to a more proliferative stem cell state. By integrating imaging and reconstructed sequential gene expression changes during the state transition we identified transcription factors, including Smad4 and Bcl3, that were responsible for effecting the transition in a contact-dependent manner. Our data indicate that non cell-autonomous Wnt/beta-catenin signalling decreases transcriptional heterogeneity and further our understanding of how epidermal Wnt signalling orchestrates regeneration and self-renewal.
Opposing spatial gradients of inhibition and neural activity in mouse olfactory cortex
Authors: Large Adam M. , Vogler Nathan W. , Canto-Bustos Martha , Schick Paul , Oswald Anne-Marie M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe spatial representation of stimuli in primary sensory cortices is a convenient scaffold for elucidating the circuit mechanisms underlying sensory processing. In contrast, the anterior piriform cortex (APC) lacks topology for odor identity and appears homogenous in terms of afferent and intracortical excitatory circuitry. Here, we show that an increasing rostral-caudal (RC) gradient of inhibition onto pyramidal cells is commensurate with a decrease in active neurons along the RC axis following exploration of a novel odor environment. This inhibitory gradient is supported by somatostatin interneurons that provide an opposing, rostrally-biased, gradient of inhibition to interneurons. Optogenetic or chemogenetic modulation of somatostatin cells neutralizes the inhibitory gradient onto pyramidal cells. This suggests a novel circuit mechanism whereby opposing spatial gradients of inhibition and disinhibition regulate neural activity along the RC-axis. These findings challenge our current understanding of the spatial profiles of neural circuits and odor processing within APC.
Weighted area/angle distortion minimization for Mesh Parameterization
Authors: Mejia Daniel , Acosta Diego A. , Ruiz-Salguero Oscar 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Mesh Parameterization is central to reverse engineering, tool path planning, etc. This work synthesizes parameterizations with un-constrained borders, overall minimum angle plus area distortion. This study aims to present an assessment of the sensitivity of the minimized distortion with respect to weighed area and angle distortions.

Design/methodology/approach
A Mesh Parameterization which does not constrain borders is implemented by performing: isometry maps for each triangle to the plane Z = 0; an affine transform within the plane Z = 0 to glue the triangles back together; and a Levenberg–Marquardt minimization algorithm of a nonlinear F penalty function that modifies the parameters of the first two transformations to discourage triangle flips, angle or area distortions. F is a convex weighed combination of area distortion (weight: α with 0 ≤ α ≤ 1) and angle distortion (weight: 1 − α).

Findings
The present study parameterization algorithm has linear complexity [𝒪(n), n = number of mesh vertices]. The sensitivity analysis permits a fine-tuning of the weight parameter which achieves overall bijective parameterizations in the studied cases. No theoretical guarantee is given in this manuscript for the bijectivity. This algorithm has equal or superior performance compared with the ABF, LSCM and ARAP algorithms for the Ball, Cow and Gargoyle data sets. Additional correct results of this algorithm alone are presented for the Foot, Fandisk and Sliced-Glove data sets.

Originality/value
The devised free boundary nonlinear Mesh Parameterization method does not require a valid initial parameterization and produces locally bijective parameterizations in all of our tests. A formal sensitivity analysis shows that the resulting parameterization is more stable, i.e. the UV mapping changes very little when the algorithm tries to preserve angles than when it tries to preserve areas. The algorithm presented in this study belongs to the class that parameterizes meshes with holes. This study presents the results of a complexity analysis comparing the present study algorithm with 12 competing ones.
Practical expressions to calculate the main vertical actions on load-bearing columns/walls to Eurocode
Authors: Hassan Osama A.B. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The aim of this review study is to present useful and practical expressions to compute the design vertical actions on load-bearing columns/walls of typical building structures on the basis of EN 1991: Eurocode 1.

Design/methodology/approach
It is derived by a typical case in which wind actions, snow actions and permanents actions are loading a roof construction. The results are finally used to calculate the loading on columns/walls. Both ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state are considered.

Findings
From an instructive point of view, the advantage of this method is that it is simplified, general, not time-consuming, and it can be standardised to typical building structures.

Research limitations/implications
A number of example applications are introduced to illustrate the calculation procedure.

Practical implications
From an educational point of view, this problem is of interest to civil engineering students because the reviewed method is not cumbersome or time-consuming.

Social implications
From an engineering educational point of view, this problem is of interest to civil engineering students because the reviewed method is not cumbersome or time-consuming.

Originality/value
New formulated expressions to calculate the loadings on structural membranes based on Eurocode are presented.
Relative influence of authentic and transformational leadership of local union representatives on the adoption of union citizenship behaviors
Authors: Fortin-Bergeron Chloé , Doucet Olivier , Hennebert Marc-Antonin 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the different mediating processes by which authentic leadership and transformational leadership on the part of local union representatives influence members’ union citizenship behaviors (UCB) (i.e. UCBO and UCBI). Drawing from the social learning perspective, the authors suggest that authentic and transformational forms of leadership are associated with UCB through specific mechanisms i.e. member-representative value congruence and members’ collectivist orientation, respectively.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopts a cross-sectional design. Structural equation modeling and bootstrap analysis were used to test the hypotheses among 343 members of a Canadian union federation representing professionals in the education sector.FindingsThe results show that the influence of authentic leadership on UCB is explained through value congruence and the influence of transformational leadership is principally exerted through members’ collectivist orientation.Practical implicationsBy enhancing the understanding of the behavioral manifestations of local union leadership and its influential mechanisms, this research offers interesting avenues for union organizations that wish to develop and implement leadership training programs at the local level.Originality/valueOnly a handful of studies have investigated the relational antecedents of UCB, such as leadership. This research thus contributes to the UCB literature by extending the spectrum of examined local union leaders’ behaviors.
Role of the tumour necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/fibroblast growth factor‐inducible 14 (Fn14) axis in autoimmune thyroid disease
Authors: Peng Shiqiao , Yu Xiaohui , Zhao Xuemin , Wang Xinyi , Sun Xuren , Han Cheng , Shan Zhongyan , Li Chenyan , Teng Weiping 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBackgroundTNF‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), its receptor fibroblast growth factor‐inducible 14 (Fn14) and its scavenger receptor CD163 (sCD163) have known associations with many autoimmune diseases. However, the role of the TWEAK axis in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the TWEAK‐Fn14 axis in the pathogenesis of AITD.MethodsSerum levels of soluble TWEAK (sTWEAK) and sCD163 were measured in 38 patients with Graves’ disease (GD), 40 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and 40 healthy controls (HCs). Additionally, the mRNA expression of TWEAK and Fn14 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was explored, and the protein expression of TWEAK and Fn14 in thyroid glands surgically removed from 10 patients with GD, 10 patients with HT and 10 HCs was studied by immunohistochemical staining.ResultsThe results showed that the serum levels of sTWEAK were significantly reduced in patients with HT and inversely correlated with antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels. Additionally, high levels of sCD163 and a high sCD163/sTWEAK ratio were positively associated with the TPOAb levels in patients with HT and the thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) levels in patients with GD. TWEAK mRNA expression and protein expression were upregulated in thyroid glands and PBMCs from patients with HT.ConclusionExpression of the TWEAK‐Fn14 axis was upregulated in patients with AITD and might play a role in the pathogenesis of AITD.
Women's expectations and experiences of rupture of membranes and views of the potential use of reagent pads for detecting amniotic fluid
Authors: Spiby Helen , Borrelli Sara , Hughes Anita J 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimsTo explore first‐time mothers’ expectations and experiences regarding rupture of membranes at term and their views on the potential use of reagent pads that detect amniotic fluid.BackgroundThere is little information available on women's experiences of spontaneous rupture of membranes, or interest in using methods to confirm rupture of membranes (e.g. reagent pads).DesignDescriptive qualitative study, using focus groups and telephone interviews with women during pregnancy and after the birth of their first baby. Thematic analysis was undertaken to analyse women's responses.MethodsEthics committee approval was obtained. Twenty‐five women participated in the study of whom 13 contributed both during pregnancy and postpartum between October 2015–March 2016.FindingsThree overarching themes were identified from the data from women's expectations and experiences: uncertainty in how, when and where membranes may rupture; information which was felt to be limited and confirmation of rupture of membranes. The potential use of reagent pads met with varied responses.ConclusionWomen were interested in having facts and figures regarding rupture of membranes, such as characteristics of liquor; volume and probability of membranes rupturing spontaneously at term. Use of a pad as a means of confirmation was viewed as helpful, although the potential for increasing anxiety was raised.
Uncovering the decision‐making work of transferring dying patients home from critical care units: An integrative review
Authors: Lin Yanxia , Myall Michelle , Jarrett Nikki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimsTo understand how decisions are made to transfer dying patients home from critical care units.BackgroundMany people prefer a home death, but a high proportion die in critical care units. Transferring dying patients home is recognized to be complex but transfer decision‐making itself remains unclear.DesignIntegrative review.Data sourcesSeven bibliographic databases (origin–2015), grey literature and reference lists were searched.Review methodsAn integrative review method was used to synthesize data from diverse sources. Papers were selected through title and abstract screening and full‐text reviewing, using inclusion and exclusion criteria derived from review questions. Following quality appraisal, data were extracted and synthesized using normalization process theory as a framework.ResultsThe number of patients transferred home ranged from 1–346, with most papers reporting on the transfer of one or two patients. Four themes regarding transfer decision‐making work were generated: divergent views and practice, multiple stakeholders’ involvement in decision‐making, collective work and limited understanding of individuals’ experiences.ConclusionThe practice of transferring patients home to die and its decision‐making varies internationally and is usually influenced by the care system, culture or religion. It is less common to transfer patients home to die from critical care units in western societies. A better understanding of the decision‐making work was obtained but mainly from the perspective of hospital‐based healthcare professionals. Further research is needed to develop decision‐making practice guidance to facilitate patients’ wishes to die at home.