bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Trends of Human Trafficking in Ethiopia: The Case of Metema Woreda
Authors: Tafere Megbaru Abeje , Engdaw Besfat 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Human trafficking, as an illegal movement of people using coercions, frauds, and forces, is considered modern-day slavery. The world nowadays is experiencing severe socio-economic and cultural problems as a result of human trafficking. This study examines the trends of human trafficking in Metema Woreda, Ethiopia. The study also investigates actors and modus operandi of human trafficking in Metema woreda. A qualitative research method was employed—both descriptive and case study research designs were also used. Accordingly, primary data were collected by conducting key informant interviews with residents, victims, and public officials. Secondary data were collected from state documents, records, reports, articles, and official statistics. The collected data were thematically analysed. The study finally concludes that despite there had been increasing trends in the past, the current trend of human trafficking in Metema shows slight decreasing. The study identified traffickers, political leaders, shekaba, shekama, residents of transit places, government officials, and security forces as actors facilitating the human trafficking process. Moreover, extreme poverty and high unemployment rates are driving forces that make individuals, particularly young women, become victims of human trafficking. Generally, the study recommends the local and higher governments to address human trafficking by enforcing laws more effectively, implementing robust local security measures, generating employment prospects, and alleviating poverty. The study also recommends the local community to stop collaborating the illegal traffickers and stand for fight against the human trafficking.
A case report of human infection with avian influenza H10N3 with a complex respiratory disease history
Authors: Zhao Zhenxi , Luo Siyi , Gao Yudong , Dai Min , Yan Jun , Yang Ying , Li Hongwei , Zhang Yan , Mao Zhipeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
On March 16th 2024, the first case of Human infection with avian influenza H10N3 since the end of the global COVID-19 Pandemic was reported in Kunming, China. To enhance comprehension of the source of infection and risk factors of the H10N3 virus infection, this case report summarizes the clinical features, epidemiological investigation, and laboratory test results. Provides recommendations for the prevention and control of Human infection with avian influenza H10N3.

Case presentation
A 51-year-old male with a history of COVID-19 infection and a smoking habit of 30 years, worked in livestock breeding and was exposed to sick and dead poultry before falling ill with fever and chills on 28th February 2024. A week later, he was diagnosed with severe pneumonia, influenza, and respiratory failure by the Third People's Hospital of Kunming(KM-TPH). He was discharged on 17th April and none of his 6 close contacts showed any symptoms of illness. Environmental samples taken from the epidemic spot revealed that peacock feces tested positive for avian influenza sub-type H9 and waterfowl specimens showed positive results for avian influenza sub-type H5. Gene sequencing conducted on positive specimens from the patient's respiratory tract by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) showed a high degree of similarity (98.6–99.5%) with the strain responsible for the second global case of human infected with H10N3 (reported from Zhejiang, China 2022).

Conclusions
According to the available epidemiological information, there is limited evidence to suggest that H10N3 viruses are excessively lethal. However, adaptive site mutations have been observed in the H10N3 isoform of mammals. While it is unlikely that the H10N3 virus will spread among humans, the possibility of additional cases cannot be entirely ruled out. Symptoms of human infection with H10N3 avian influenza are similar to those of common respiratory infections, which may result in them being overlooked during initial clinical consultations. Therefore, it is essential to improve surveillance of the H10 sub-type of avian influenza and to increase the awareness of hospital-related workers of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin.
Trends and inequalities in antenatal care coverage in Benin (2006–2017): an application of World Health Organization’s Health Equity Assessment Toolkit
Authors: Aboagye Richard Gyan , Okyere Joshua , Ackah Josephine Akua , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Between 2006 and 2017, antenatal care (ANC) coverage in Benin declined, potentially exacerbating inequalities and substantiating the need for health inequality monitoring. This study examines inequalities in ANC attendance in Benin, disaggregated by women’s age, educational level, economic status, place of residence, region of residence, and the extent to which they have changed over time.

Methods
Three rounds of the Benin Demographic and Health Surveys (2006, 2011–12, and 2017–18) were analyzed to examine inequalities in ANC coverage. An exploratory descriptive approach was adopted for the analysis. Simple [difference (D) and ratio (R)] and complex [population attributable risk (PAR) and population attributable fraction (PAF)] measures of inequalities were computed using the World Health Organization’s Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (WHO’s HEAT) online platform. The measures were computed separately for each of the three surveys, and their estimates were compared.

Results
The findings revealed an 8.4% decline in at least four ANC visits between 2006 and 2017–18. The decline occurred irrespective of age, educational status, economic status, place of residence, and region. Region-related inequalities were the largest and increased slightly between 2006 (D = 54.6; R = 2.6; PAF = 47.8, PAR = 29.0) and 2017–18 (D = 55.8; R = 3.1; PAF = 57.2, PAR = 29.8). Education (2006: D = 31.3, R = 1.6, PAF = 40.5, PAR = 24.5; 2017–18: D = 25.2, R = 1.6, PAF = 34.9, PAR = 18.1) and rural-urban (2006: D = 16.8, R = 1.3, PAF = 17.8, PAR = 10.8; 2017–18: D = 11.2, R = 1.2, PAF = 13.1, PAR = 6.8) inequalities reduced while economic status inequalities did not improve (2006: D = 48, R = 2.2, PAF = 44.5, PAR = 26.9; 2017–18: D = 43.9, R = 2.4, PAF = 45.0, PAR = 23.4). Age inequalities were very minimal.

Conclusion
ANC inequalities remain deeply ingrained in Benin. Addressing their varying levels requires comprehensive strategies that encompass both supply—and demand-side interventions, focusing on reaching uneducated women in the poorest households and those residing in rural areas and Atacora.
Uncovering the key working mechanisms of a complex community-based obesity prevention programme in the Netherlands using ripple effects mapping
Authors: Huiberts Irma , Collard Dorine , Singh Amika , Hendriks Mara , Chinapaw Mai J. M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Much remains unknown about how complex community-based programmes can successfully achieve long-term impact. More insight is needed to understand the key mechanisms through which these programmes work. Therefore, we conducted an in-depth study in five communities that implemented the Healthy Youth, Healthy Future (JOGG) approach, a Dutch community-based obesity prevention programme. We aimed to identify perceived outcomes and long-term impacts among local stakeholders and explore potential causal pathways and working mechanisms.

Methods
We used ripple effects mapping (REM), a qualitative participatory method to map outcomes and identify causal pathways, in five communities. We involved 26 stakeholders, professionals and policy-makers affiliated with the local JOGG approach, spread over eight REM sessions and conducted individual interviews with 24 additional stakeholders. To uncover working mechanisms, we compared outcomes and causal pathways across communities.

Results
Over 5–9 years of implementation, participants perceived that JOGG had improved ownership of local stakeholders, health policies, intersectoral collaboration and social norms towards promoting healthy lifestyles. Causal pathways comprised small initial outcomes that created the preconditions to enable the achievement of long-term impact. Although exact JOGG actions varied widely between communities, we identified five common working mechanisms through which the JOGG approach contributed to causal pathways: (1) creating a positive connotation with JOGG, (2) mobilizing stakeholders to participate in the JOGG approach, (3) facilitating projects to promote knowledge and awareness among stakeholders while creating successful experiences with promoting healthy lifestyles, (4) connecting stakeholders, thereby stimulating intersectoral collaboration and (5) sharing stakeholder successes that promote healthy lifestyles, which gradually created a social norm of participation.

Conclusions
The JOGG approach seems to work through activating initial stakeholder participation and bolstering the process towards ownership, policy change, and intersectoral collaboration to promote healthy lifestyles. Key working mechanisms can inform further development of JOGG as well as other complex community-based prevention programmes.
The effects of a quality improvement project to reduce caesarean sections in selected private hospitals in Brazil
Authors: do Carmo Leal Maria , Domingues Rosa Maria Soares Madeira , Fonseca Thaís Cristina Oliveira , Leite Tatiana Henriques , Figueiró Ana Claudia , Pereira Ana Paula Esteves , Theme-Filha Mariza Miranda , da Silva Ayres Bárbara Vasques , Scott Oliver , de Cássia Sanchez Rita , Borem Paulo , de Maio Osti Maria Carolina , Rosa Marcos Wengrover , Andrade Amanda S. , Filho Fernando Maia Peixoto , Nakamura-Pereira Marcos , Torres Jacqueline Alves 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Brazil is one of the countries with the highest rates of caesarean sections (CS), reaching almost 90% of births in the private sector. A quality improvement project called “Adequate Childbirth Project (PPA)” was conceived to reduce CS in the private sector. This project consisted of four primary components: “Governance”, “Participation of Women”, “Reorganization of Care” and “Monitoring”. This paper aims to evaluate: (1) which specific activities of the PPA had the largest effect on the probability of a woman having a vaginal delivery; (2) which primary component of the PPA had the largest effect on the probability of vaginal delivery and (3) which scenarios combining the implementation of different activities planned in the PPA had a higher effect on the probability of vaginal delivery.

Methods
A sample of 12 private hospitals participating in the PPA was evaluated. We used a Bayesian Network (BN) to capture both non-linearities and complex cause-effect relations. The BN integrated knowledge from experts and data from women to estimate 26 model parameters. The PPA was evaluated in 2473 women belonging to groups 1–4 of the Robson classification, who were divided into two groups: those participating or not participating in the PPA.

Results
The probability of a woman having a vaginal delivery was 37.7% higher in women participating in the PPA. The most important component of the project that led to an increase in the probability of vaginal delivery was “Reorganization of Care”, leading to a 73% probability of vaginal delivery among women in labor. The activity that had the greatest effect on the type of delivery was access to best practices during labor, with a 72% probability of vaginal delivery. Considering the 12 scenarios combining the different activities of the PPA, the best scenarios included: a non-scheduled delivery, access to information about best practices, access to at least 4 best practices during labor and respect of the birth plan, with an 80% probability of vaginal delivery in the best combinations.

Conclusion
PPA has been shown to be an effective quality improvement program, increasing the likelihood of vaginal delivery in private Brazilian hospitals.
Update to the study protocol: minimisation of dialysis risk in hospital patients with chronic kidney disease (MinDial): a multicentre, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Stelzer D. , Binder H. , Glattacker M. , Graf E. , Hahn M. , Hollenbeck M. , Kaier K. , Kowall B. , Kuklik N. , Metzner G. , Mueller N. , Seiler L. , Stolpe S. , Blume C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis document reports a brief update to the previously published protocol of the MinDial study.Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00029691. Registered on 12 Sept. 2022, https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00029691.
Effect of perioperative sigh ventilation on postoperative hypoxemia and pulmonary complications after on-pump cardiac surgery (E-SIGHT): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Zhichang , Cheng Qiyu , Huang Shenglun , Sun Jie , Xu Jingyuan , Xie Jianfeng , Cao Hailong , Guo Fengmei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Postoperative hypoxemia and pulmonary complications remain a frequent event after on-pump cardiac surgery and mostly characterized by pulmonary atelectasis. Surfactant dysfunction or hyposecretion happens prior to atelectasis formation, and sigh represents the strongest stimulus for surfactant secretion. The role of sigh breaths added to conventional lung protective ventilation in reducing postoperative hypoxemia and pulmonary complications among cardiac surgery is unknown.

Methods
The perioperative sigh ventilation in cardiac surgery (E-SIGHT) trial is a single-center, two-arm, randomized controlled trial. In total, 192 patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross-clamp will be randomized into one of the two treatment arms. In the experimental group, besides conventional lung protective ventilation, sigh volumes producing plateau pressures of 35 cmH2O (or 40 cmH2O for patients with body mass index > 35 kg/m2) delivered once every 6 min from intubation to extubation. In the control group, conventional lung protective ventilation without preplanned recruitment maneuvers is used. Lung protective ventilation (LPV) consists of low tidal volumes (6–8 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) setting according to low PEEP/FiO2 table for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The primary endpoint is time-weighted average SpO2/FiO2 ratio during the initial post-extubation hour. Main secondary endpoint is the severity of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) computed by postoperative day 7.

Discussion
The E-SIGHT trial will be the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of perioperative sigh ventilation on the postoperative outcomes after on-pump cardiac surgery. The trial will introduce and assess a novel perioperative ventilation approach to mitigate the risk of postoperative hypoxemia and PPCs in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Also provide the basis for a future larger trial aiming at verifying the impact of sigh ventilation on postoperative pulmonary complications.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06248320. Registered on January 30, 2024. Last updated February 26, 2024.
Comparing hospitalized adult patients with chronic anorexia nervosa with versus without prior hospitalizations
Authors: Martinelli Mary K. , Schreyer Colleen C. , Guarda Angela S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder, from which recovery is often protracted. The role of prior specialized inpatient treatment on subsequent treatment attempts for adults with chronic AN and predictors of treatment response for severe and enduring AN (SE-AN) are needed to improve outcomes.

Method
Participants (N = 135) with chronic AN (ill ≥7 years) admitted to an integrated inpatient-partial hospitalization eating disorders (ED) unit with prior ED hospitalization(s) (+ PH; n = 100) were compared to those without prior ED hospitalizations (-PH; n = 35) on admission characteristics (BMI, length of illness, outpatient ED treatment history, symptomatology (ED, anxiety, and depressive), history of suicide attempts or non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI)), treatment motivation and recovery self-efficacy, and discharge outcomes (discharge BMI, rate of weight gain, length of stay, clinical improvement).

Results
Groups were similar with regard to age, years ill, and admission BMI. The + PH group had lower desired weight, lifetime nadir BMI and self-efficacy for normative eating, and higher state and trait anxiety than the -PH group. +PH were also more likely to endorse history of NSSI and suicide attempt. Regarding discharge outcomes, most patients achieved weight restoration at program discharge (mean discharge BMI = 19.8 kg/m2). Groups did not differ on rate of weight gain, likelihood of attending partial hospital, partial hospital length of stay, program discharge BMI, or likelihood of clinical improvement (p’s > 0.05) although inpatient length of stay was longer for the + PH group.

Conclusions
Participants with chronic AN + PH exhibited more severe psychiatric comorbidity and lower self-efficacy for normative eating than AN -PH, however short-term discharge outcomes were similar. Future research should determine whether weight restoration and targeting comorbidities impacts relapse risk or need for rehospitalization among chronic and severe + PH. Despite similar illness durations, those with chronic AN -PH may be able to transition to partial hospital earlier. Conversely there is risk of undertreatment of chronic AN + PH given the recent shift promoting briefer self-directed admissions for adults with SE-AN. Research comparing + PH and -PH adults with chronic AN may facilitate efforts to individualize care and characterize relapse risk following intensive treatment.
Abscopal effect: from a rare phenomenon to a new frontier in cancer therapy
Authors: Wang Xueying , Zhang Haoyu , XinZhang  , Liu Yong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) controls local lesions, meantime it has the capability to induce systemic response to inhibit distant, metastatic, non-radiated tumors, which is referred to as the “abscopal effect”. It is widely recognized that radiotherapy can stimulate systemic immune response. This provides a compelling theoretical basis for the combination of immune therapy combined with radiotherapy(iRT). Indeed, this phenomenon has also been observed in clinical treatment, bringing significant clinical benefits to patients, and a series of basic studies are underway to amplify this effect. However, the molecular mechanisms of immune response induced by RT, determination of the optimal treatment regimen for iRT, and how to amplify the abscopal effect. In order to amplify and utilize this effect in clinical management, these key issues require to be well addressed; In this review, we comprehensively summarize the growing consensus and emphasize the emerging limitations of enhancing the abscopal effect with radiotherapy or immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the prospects and barriers to the current clinical translational applications.
Measuring unit for synchronously collecting air dose rate and measurement position
Authors: Kawabata Kuniaki , Imabuchi Takashi , Shirasaki Norihito , Suzuki Soichiro , Ito Rintaro , Aoki Yuto , Omori Takazumi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper describes a measuring unit for synchronously collecting the air dose rate and measurement position for efficient dosimetry surveying and data logging. The developed prototype comprises a three-dimensional light detection and ranging-based mapping part and dosimetry part, which are integrated into a single measuring unit through an embedded computer that installs a ROS (robot operating system) framework. The unit can function as a standalone system with embedded batteries. Since it is portable, on-line data gathering in the workspace can be realized, thereby maintaining consistency between the air dose rate and measurement position. In this paper, we describe the functional requirements for the measuring unit, the prototype system configuration, and the experimental results obtained in the mockup environment and nuclear facility to discuss its performance.
Risk of Incident Melanoma Among Individuals With Low-Count Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis
Authors: Vallejo Bryan A. , Ansari Ahmed , Parikh Sameer A. , Achenbach Sara J. , Rabe Kari G. , Norman Aaron D. , Olson Janet E. , Kay Neil E. , Braggio Esteban , Hanson Curtis A. , Vachon Celine M. , Cerhan James R. , Baum Cristian L. , Shanafelt Tait D. , Slager Susan L. 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)–phenotype monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is a premalignant condition that is roughly 500-fold more common than CLL. It is unknown whether the two-fold increased risk of developing melanoma associated with CLL extends to individuals with MBL.

METHODS
Using the Mayo Clinic Biobank, we identified participants who were 40 years or older with no previous hematological malignancies, who resided in the 27 counties around Mayo Clinic, and who had available biospecimens for screening. Eight-color flow cytometry was used to screen for MBL. Individuals with MBL were classified as low-count MBL (LC-MBL) or high-count MBL on the basis of clonal B-cell percent. Incident melanomas were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes and confirmed via medical records review. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI.

RESULTS
Of the 7,334 participants screened, 1,151 were identified with a CD5-positive MBL, of whom 1,098 had LC-MBL. After a median follow-up of 3.2 years (range, 0-13.5), 131 participants developed melanoma, of whom 36 individuals were positive for MBL. The estimated 5-year cumulative incidence of melanoma was 3.4% and 2.0% among those with and without MBL, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, and history of previous melanoma, individuals with MBL exhibited a 1.86-fold (95% CI, 1.25 to 2.78) risk of melanoma. This elevated risk persisted when analysis was restricted to those without a history of melanoma (HR, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.30 to 3.23]). Individuals with LC-MBL had a 1.92-fold (95% CI, 1.29 to 2.87) increased risk of developing melanoma overall and a 2.74-fold increased risk (95% CI, 1.50 to 5.03) of melanoma in situ compared with those without MBL.

CONCLUSION
LC-MBL is associated with an approximately two-fold increased risk of melanoma overall and a 2.74-fold increased risk of melanoma in situ.
The Endless Hustle; or, Saul Goodman Out of Time
Authors: Szalay Michael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This essay argues that the alternating rhythms with which AMC's Better Call Saul moves though time, and the alternating temporal frames of reference with which it represents Saul Goodman's “hustling” specifically, represent self-conscious efforts to clarify the narrative affordances of the serial television medium. These temporal experiments also elucidate the felt endlessness of waged work in the context of go-nowhere careers. In both capacities, Better Call Saul adumbrates formal and thematic concerns central not only to Breaking Bad, but also to twenty-five years of prestige TV.