bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The social wasp Polybia fastidiosuscula Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) uses herbivore‐induced maize plant volatiles to locate its prey
Authors: Saraiva N. B. , Prezoto F. , Fonseca M. das G. , Blassioli‐Moraes M. C. , Borges M. , Laumann R. A. , Auad A. M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSocial wasps in the Polybia genus are important for use as pest‐control agents in agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to investigate the behavioural responses of Polybia fastidiosuscula Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) to volatiles from maize, both constitutive volatiles and those induced by the herbivory of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). To assess the behavioural response of P. fastidiosuscula to S. frugiperda larvae, undamaged plants, S. frugiperda‐damaged plants, mechanically damaged plants, mechanically damaged plants plus regurgitant from larvae and extracts from various treatments, bioassays were conducted in a Y‐olfactometer. In addition, the volatiles from plants subjected to different treatments were collected via aeration, and they were quantified and identified. The wasps showed a greater preference for plants with damage induced either by larval feeding or by being mechanically damaged plus regurgitant than for undamaged plants or either larvae alone or mechanically damaged plants. Wasps were more attracted to extracts from plants + S. frugiperda larvae and to an extract from mechanically damaged plants + the regurgitant of larvae compared to hexane. The primary compounds induced by herbivory for 5–6 h after the beginning of the damage or regurgitant treatment were identified as α‐pinene, β‐myrcene, (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, limonene, (E)‐ocimene, linalool, DMNT, (E)‐β‐farnesene, TMTT and indole. The results presented here show that the social wasp P. fastidiosuscula uses herbivore‐induced plant volatiles from maize to locate its prey.
Susceptibility of cold hardy grapes to Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Pelton E. , Gratton C. , Guédot C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDrosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), known commonly as spotted wing drosophila, is a vinegar fly originating from South‐East Asia and a major pest to many soft‐skinned fruits. Due to the species recent arrival in North America in 2008, many fruit varieties are yet untested for susceptibility to infestation. While previous work has focused on Vitis vinifera, this study aimed to determine grape susceptibility of cold hardy varieties based on hybrids of V. labrusca, V. riparia and V. vinifera. Field sampling was conducted in Southern Wisconsin (USA) vineyards to establish adult and larval abundance and determine whether the number of adults caught in traps correlates with fruit infestation. Host susceptibility was further assessed through no‐choice bioassays of both intact and damaged fruits. The field study found D. suzukii adults present in all varieties, low larval abundance and no correlation between adult abundance and larval presence. Peak adult abundance occurred mid‐season between veraison and harvest, while larval infestation rates were highest near harvest. In laboratory no‐choice tests, significantly more eggs, larvae and adults occurred in damaged than undamaged grapes. In damaged grapes, larvae and adult abundance was comparable between varieties and to the highly susceptible control of undamaged raspberry; however, D. suzukii developed significantly faster in raspberry than grapes. Fruit characteristics (°Brix, titratable acidity, pH) in grapes were uncorrelated with D. suzukii performance. Together, these findings suggest that cold hardy grapes are overall resistant to D. suzukii if intact and highly susceptible if damaged.
Deficiency of TREK‐1 potassium channel exacerbates secondary injury following spinal cord injury in mice
Authors: Fang Yongkang , Huang Xiaojiang , Wan Yue , Tian Hao , Tian Yeye , Wang Wei , Zhu Suiqiang , Xie Minjie 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) involves complex pathological process which can be complicated by secondary injury. TREK‐1 is a member of the two‐pore domain potassium (K2P) channel family, which can be modulated by a number of physiological and pathological stimuli. Recent studies suggest that TREK‐1 plays an active role in depression, pain and neuroprotection. However, its role in the pathological process after SCI remains unclear. In this study, we tested the expression and function of TREK‐1 in spinal cord of mice after traumatic SCI. TREK‐1 was widely expressed in mice spinal cord, including astrocytes and neurons. Deficiency of TREK‐1 significantly exacerbated focal inflammatory responses as indicated by the increased accumulation of microglia/macrophage as well as pro‐inflammatory factor interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha expression. Meanwhile, TREK‐1 knockout mice showed enhanced reactive astrogliosis, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) production and decreased glutamate transporter‐1 expression compared to the wide‐type mice after SCI. Furthermore, TREK‐1 deficiency promoted neurons and oligodendrocytes apoptosis, aggravated demyelination, cavity formation and retarded motor recovery. In summary, our findings provide the first in vivo evidence suggesting that TREK‐1 may thereby constitute a promising therapeutic target to treat acute SCI.
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“An Economics of Capital”: Genealogies of Everyday Financial Conduct
Authors: Aitken Rob 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlthough recent forms of neoliberalism have been associated with everyday forms of ‘investment’, this paper argues that the financial conduct of everyday populations has long been an intense site of intervention. Drawing on the history of nineteenth and twentieth‐century Canadian government savings, annuities and tax deferral programs, this paper argues that everyday financial conduct has long been a key site of experimentation and innovation in practices of the self. These programs experiment with a language and practice of investment which emphasizes everyday conduct as a space of individual responsibility attached to diverse political goals. This suggests that enterprise as a mode of self and citizenship has a diverse and longer trajectory that predates neoliberalism. By extension, this paper conclude with a case for more diversified, complicated and historically‐situated analyses of ‘neoliberalism’.
Comparing self‐reported and clinically diagnosed unmet dental treatment needs using a nationally representative survey
Authors: Farmer J. , Ramraj C. , Azarpazhooh A. , Dempster L. , Ravaghi V. , Quiñonez C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the validity and diagnostic accuracy of self‐reported data compared with clinically assessed data for the ascertainment of clinical dental treatment needs in the Canadian population.MethodsA secondary analysis of data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007‐2009) was undertaken. Clinical treatment needs were classified into preventive and diagnostic, restorative, endodontic, periodontic, surgical, and orthodontic categories. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (NPVs), kappa statistics and likelihood ratios (LR) were calculated to compare self‐reported and clinically determined needs. Survey weights were applied to generate nationally representative findings of the Canadian population.ResultsGenerally across most dental need categories, agreement between self‐reported and clinically‐determined dental need was found to be moderate to poor (kappa <0.6). For most needs, self‐reported data was found to be highly specific (>90 percent) but not very sensitive. Low positive (<60 percent) and high NPVs (>80 percent) revealed that self‐reported information was found to be more precise in reassuring when most dental needs were not present, opposed to confirming needs that were required. High positive LRs were obtained for endodontic (+LR = 12.15) and orthodontic needs (+LR = 14.82), indicating good diagnostic accuracy of positive self‐report for these outcomes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that in general, self‐reports are poor estimates for normative dental treatment needs but do have some merit in confirming non‐needs. Exceptionally, self‐reports do have suitable diagnostic accuracy for predicting orthodontic and endodontic needs.
Extreme protomeric development in a burlingiid trilobite from Cambrian glacial erratics of Denmark
Authors: Ebbestad Jan Ove R. , Weidner Thomas 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPengia Geyer & Corbacho is a Cambrian burlingiid trilobite with fused trunk segments devoid of any articulation in the anamorphic and epimorphic phases of development. The type species is Pengia fusilis (Peng et al.) from the Wanshania wanshanensis Zone of China. Here we describe a second species, Pengia palsgaardia sp. nov., from the Lejopyge laevigata Zone of the Paradoxides forchhammeri Superzone. It comes from a glacial erratic in Denmark which probably originated in the Alum Shale Formation of Västergötland, Sweden. Pengia palsgaardia is a large burlingiid (~10 mm in length), with 14 fused segments in the trunk whose boundaries are marked by ridges. The axis is narrow, with the axial furrows faintly indicated or effaced across the median. Laterally along the axis and the tapering glabella, symmetrical globular lobes are developed that are pinched at their base. During ontogeny the glabellar furrows are pit‐like adaxially but shallow towards the axial furrow as the globular lobes develop. Their pit‐like appearance in Pengia palsgaardia and some other burlingiid species is not considered similar to the condition seen in oryctocephalid trilobites. A median preglabellar ridge resembling that of Schmalenseeia Moberg develops late in ontogeny but in early ontogeny the preglabellar field resembles that of Burlingia Walcott, Alumenella Geyer & Corbacho and Niordilobites Geyer & Corbacho. This gives Pengia a more basal position in the schmalenseeid lineage, outside the derived Schmalenseeia. In mature specimens the facial sutures in P. palsgaardia are fused, but an ocular suture may have been present. During ontogeny Pengia would have gone through the anamorphic and protomeric protaspid segmental conditions, but articulation between either the cephalon and pygidium, or pygidium and thoracic segments of the trunk never developed so it did not progress beyond the protaspid phase. This extreme protomeric development is considered to be a derived feature in Pengia.
Paracrine regulation of melanocyte genomic stability: a focus on nucleotide excision repair
Authors: Jarrett Stuart Gordon , Carter Katharine Marie , D'Orazio John August 
Published: February 2017

SummaryUV radiation is a major environmental risk factor for the development of melanoma by causing DNA damage and mutations. Resistance to UV damage is largely determined by the capacity of melanocytes to respond to UV injury by repairing mutagenic photolesions. The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is the major mechanism by which cells correct UV photodamage. This multistep process involves the basic steps of damage recognition, isolation, localized strand unwinding, assembly of a repair complex, excision of the damage‐containing strand 3′ and 5′ to the photolesion, synthesis of a sequence‐appropriate replacement strand, and finally ligation to restore continuity of genomic DNA. In melanocytes, the efficiency of NER is regulated by several hormonal pathways including the melanocortin and endothelin signaling pathways. Elucidating molecular mechanisms by which melanocyte DNA repair is regulated offers the possibility of developing novel melanoma‐preventive strategies to reduce UV mutagenesis, especially in UV‐sensitive melanoma‐prone individuals.
Multiple Regression, Longitudinal Data and Welfare in the 19th Century: Reflections on Yule (1899)
Authors: Plewis Ian 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe paper that G. U. Yule read to the Royal Statistical Society in 1899 is, by virtue of its application of multiple regression to observational data, a landmark in social statistics. It is also an illustration of the value of relating a change in an explanatory variable to a change in the response when wishing to draw causal conclusions. This paper returns to Yule's data and analysis from a 21st-century perspective. A range of multilevel and fixed effects models are fitted to the reconstructed data set and his conclusions are re-examined. The social and political contexts of Yule's work are also considered.
Cell tube block: a new technique to produce cell blocks from fluid cytology samples
Authors: Marcos Ricardo , Santos Marta , Marrinhas Carla , Caniatti Mario 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundCell blocks are widely used in human cytopathology. Several techniques have been proposed to convert fluid specimens into solid material, which after embedding in paraffin can be used for histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, or molecular testing. In contrast, only in the last few years, have cell blocks begun to be used in the veterinary field.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to present the production and features of cell tube blocks (CTB) with veterinary liquid samples.MethodsLiquid samples including cerebrospinal fluid, cutaneous cyst fluid, pericardial and pleural effusions, bronchoalveolar lavage, urine, and blood were centrifuged in a microhematocrit centrifuge. Capillary tubes were broken at the liquid–solid interface and fixed in 10% formalin for 24 hours. After paraffin embedding, sections ofCTBwere used for different stains including immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe morphology and cellular detail inCTBsections were comparable to conventional histologic sections and other existing cell block techniques. The use of special stains such as Gram, Giemsa, alcian blue, and periodic acid–Schiff was straightforward, and immunohistochemistry results with antibodies to pan‐cytokeratin,PAX‐5, andCD3 were considered good.ConclusionsTheCTBmethod was easily implementable under practice conditions (up to the fixation of the microhemtocrit tube), analogous to surgical biopsy submission for histology. Cell tube blocks can increase diagnostic accuracy when the technique is used in tandem after the cytologic evaluation, and the technique allows storage of fluids. Other advantages ofCTBwere the simplicity, low cost, and separation of erythrocytes from the nucleated cells, which was helpful in hemodiluted samples.
Design and analysis of miniature tri-axial fluxgate magnetometer
Authors: Zhi Menghui , Tang Liang , Qiao Donghai 
Published: February 2017

The detection technology of weak magnetic field is widely used in Earth resource survey and geomagnetic navigation. Useful magnetic field information can be obtained by processing and analyzing the measurement data from magnetic sensors. A miniature tri-axial fluxgate magnetometer is proposed in this paper. This miniature tri-axial fluxgate magnetometer with ring-core structure has a dynamic range of the Earth’s field ±[Formula: see text]65,000 nT, resolution of several nT. It has three independent parts placed in three perpendicular planes for measuring three orthogonal magnetic field components, respectively. A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is used to generate stimulation signal, analog-to-digital (A/D) convertor control signal, and feedback digital-to-analog (D/A) control signal. Design and analysis details are given to improve the dynamic range, sensitivity, resolution, and linearity. Our prototype was measured and compared with a commercial standard Magson fluxgate magnetometer as a reference. The results show that our miniature fluxgate magnetometer can follow the Magson’s change trend well. When used as a magnetic compass, our prototype only has [Formula: see text] deviation compared with standard magnetic compass.
Responses of Basal Melting of Antarctic Ice Shelves to the Climatic Forcing of the Last Glacial Maximum and CO2 Doubling
Authors: Obase Takashi , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Kusahara Kazuya , Hasumi Hiroyasu , Ohgaito Rumi 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Basal melting of the Antarctic ice shelves is an important factor in determining the stability of the Antarctic ice sheet. This study used the climatic outputs of an atmosphere–ocean general circulation model to force a circumpolar ocean model that resolves ice shelf cavity circulation to investigate the response of Antarctic ice shelf melting to different climatic conditions (i.e., to a doubling of CO2 and to the Last Glacial Maximum conditions). Sensitivity experiments were also conducted to investigate the roles of both surface atmospheric change and changes of oceanic lateral boundary conditions. It was found that the rate of change of basal melt due to climate warming is much greater (by an order of magnitude) than that due to cooling. This is mainly because the intrusion of warm water onto the continental shelves, linked to sea ice production and climate change, is crucial in determining the basal melt rate of many ice shelves. Sensitivity experiments showed that changes of atmospheric heat flux and ocean temperature are both important for warm and cold climates. The offshore wind change, together with atmospheric heat flux change, strongly affected the production of both sea ice and high-density water, preventing warmer water approaching the ice shelves under a colder climate. These results reflect the importance of both water mass formation in the Antarctic shelf seas and subsurface ocean temperature in understanding the long-term response to climate change of the melting of Antarctic ice shelves.
Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Phases Identified by Nonlinear Multivariate Empirical Orthogonal Function–Based Self-Organizing Map (ESOM) Analysis
Authors: Chu Jung-Eun , Wang Bin , Lee June-Yi , Ha Kyung-Ja 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This study develops an empirical orthogonal function (EOF)-based self-organizing map (SOM) (ESOM) analysis to identify the nonlinear characteristics of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO), which involves interactions between the summer mean circulation and the convectively coupled equatorial waves, which make BSISO evolution more complex than the Madden–Julian oscillation. The method utilizes the first five principal components of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and the zonal wind at 850 hPa (U850) and has the advantages of filtering out uncertainties from noise and being free from mathematical restrictions, such as orthogonality and linearity.
The ESOM analysis enables the detection of BSISO over the Asian summer monsoon region with eight phases. The four most distinguishable phases represent 1) a pair of stationary patterns with a dipole between the eastern Indian Ocean and the Philippine Sea (phases 1 and 5) and 2) a pair of propagating patterns with a northwest–southeast-tilted rain belt structure (phases 3 and 7). Phases 1 and 5 show an alternating seesaw oscillation throughout the summer with a 30–60-day period, whereas phases 3 and 7 peak in mid-June and early June denoting the monsoon rainy season and premonsoon period of Asian summer monsoon. ESOM captures that phases 1 and 5 happen more frequently and last longer than phases 3 and 7, whereas multivariate EOF analysis fails to describe this nonlinear occurrence. Phases 3 and phase 7 display distinct asymmetries in convective activity over the eastern Indian Ocean related to the relatively slow-growing and fast-decaying convective activity. The relationship with large-scale SST forcing is also discussed.
Postprocessing of GEFS Precipitation Ensemble Reforecasts over the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Region
Authors: Yang Xingchen , Sharma Sanjib , Siddique Ridwan , Greybush Steven J. , Mejia Alfonso 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The potential of Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and heteroscedastic censored logistic regression (HCLR) to postprocess precipitation ensembles is investigated. For this, outputs from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 11-member Global Ensemble Forecast System Reforecast, version 2 (GEFSRv2), dataset are used. As part of the experimental setting, 24-h precipitation accumulations and forecast lead times of 24 to 120 h are used, over the mid-Atlantic region (MAR) of the United States. In contrast with previous postprocessing studies, a wider range of forecasting conditions is considered here when evaluating BMA and HCLR. Additionally, BMA and HCLR have not yet been compared against each other under a common and consistent experimental setting. To compare and verify the postprocessors, different metrics are used (e.g., skills scores and reliability diagrams) conditioned upon the forecast lead time, precipitation threshold, and season. Overall, HCLR tends to slightly outperform BMA but the differences among the postprocessors are not as significant. In the future, an alternative approach could be to combine HCLR with BMA to take advantage of their relative strengths.
Endothelial protein C receptor polymorphisms and risk of sepsis in a Chinese population
Authors: Liang Yanbing , Huang Xia , Jiang Yujie , Qin Yueqiu , Peng Dingwei , Huang Yuqing , Li Jin , Sooranna Suren R , Pinhu Liao 
Published: February 2017

Objective To examine the potential relationship of EPCR polymorphisms and the risk of sepsis in a Chinese population. Methods Snapshot SNP genotyping assays and DNA sequencing methods were used to detect polymorphisms of the EPCR gene, rs2069948C/T (2532C/T) and rs867186A/G (6936A/G), in 64 patients with sepsis and in 113 controls. Soluble EPCR (sEPCR) was measured by ELISA. Results There were significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of EPCR gene rs2069948C/T and allele frequencies of rs867186A/G between male and female patients and controls. Females carrying rs2069948 C/T genotype or T allele and males carrying rs867186 A allele were associated with a significantly increased risk of sepsis. Plasma sEPCR levels of sepsis patients were higher than controls and showed no correlation with EPCR gene polymorphisms. Conclusions EPCR polymorphisms may be associated with increased risk of sepsis, but this has no effect on the release of sEPCR in patients with sepsis.
Delivering occupational therapy hand assessment and treatment sessions via telehealth
Authors: Worboys Tess , Brassington Melinda , Ward Elizabeth C , Cornwell Petrea L 
Published: February 2017

Introduction Telehealth offers a solution to assist delivery of occupational therapy (OT) services for hand therapy in rural and remote locations. However, there is currently no evidence to validate this service model. The aim of this study was to examine the validity of clinical decisions made during hand therapy sessions conducted via telehealth compared to a traditional clinical model (TCM) assessment, and explore patient and clinician satisfaction. Methods Eighteen patients referred for hand therapy to a rural/remote hospital-based outpatient service were assessed simultaneously via telehealth and a TCM assessment. An allied health assistant supported data collection at the patient end. Hand function was assessed using a range of objective measures, subjective scales and patient reported information. Minimal level of percent exact agreement (PEA) between the telehealth OT (T-OT) and the TCM-OT was set at ≥80%. Results Level of agreement for all objective measures (dynamometer and pinch gauge reading, goniometer flexion and extension, circumference in millimetres) ranged between 82% and 100% PEA. High agreement (>80% PEA) was also obtained for judgements of scar and general limb function, exercise compliance, pain severity and sensitivity location, activities of daily living and global ratings of change (GROC) scores. There was 100% PEA for overall recommendations. Minimal technical issues were experienced. Patient and clinician satisfaction was high. Discussion Clinical decisions made via telehealth were comparable to the TCM and consumers were satisfied with telehealth as a service option. Telehealth offers the potential to improve access to hand therapy services for rural and remote patients.