bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single‐shot T2 mapping protocol based on echo‐split gradient‐spin‐echo acquisition and parametric multiplexed sensitivity encoding based on projection onto convex sets reconstruction
Authors: Chu Mei‐Lan , Chang Hing‐Chiu , Oshio Koichi , Chen Nan‐kuei 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo develop a high‐speed T2 mapping protocol that is capable of accurately measuring T2 relaxation time constants from a single‐shot acquisition.TheoryA new echo‐split single‐shot gradient‐spin‐echo (GRASE) pulse sequence is developed to acquire multicontrast data while suppressing signals from most nonprimary echo pathways in Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (CPMG) echoes. Residual nonprimary pathway signals are taken into consideration when performing T2 mapping using a parametric multiplexed sensitivity encoding based on projection onto convex sets (parametric‐POCSMUSE) reconstruction method that incorporates extended phase graph modeling of GRASE signals.MethodsThe single‐shot echo‐split GRASE‐based T2 mapping procedure was evaluated in human studies at 3 Tesla. The acquired data were compared with reference data obtained with a more time‐consuming interleaved spin‐echo echo planar imaging protocol. T2 maps derived from conventional single‐shot GRASE scans, in which nonprimary echo pathways were not appropriately addressed, were also evaluated.ResultsUsing the developed single‐shot T2 mapping protocol, quantitatively accurate T2 maps can be obtained with a short scan time (<0.2 seconds per slice).ConclusionAccurate T2 mapping with minimal signal contamination from CPMG high‐order echo pathways can be achieved by the developed method that integrates single‐shot echo‐split GRASE acquisition and parametric‐POCSMUSE reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 79:383–393, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Comparison of perfusion signal acquired by arterial spin labeling–prepared intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI and conventional IVIM MRI to unravel the origin of the IVIM signal
Authors: Zhang Xingxing , Ingo Carson , Teeuwisse Wouter M. , Chen Zhensen , van Osch Matthias J. P. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeApplications of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging in the brain are scarce, whereas it has been successfully applied in other organs with promising results. To better understand the cerebral IVIM signal, the diffusion properties of the arterial blood flow within different parts of the cerebral vascular tree (i.e., different generations of the branching pattern) were isolated and measured by employing an arterial spin labeling (ASL) preparation module before an IVIM readout.MethodsASL preparation was achieved by T1‐adjusted time‐encoded pseudo‐continuous ASL (te‐pCASL). The IVIM readout module was achieved by introducing bipolar gradients immediately after the excitation pulse. The results of ASL‐IVIM were compared with those of conventional IVIM to improve our understanding of the signal generation process of IVIM.ResultsThe pseudo‐diffusion coefficient D* as calculated from ASL‐IVIM data was found to decrease exponentially for postlabeling delays (PLDs) between 883 ms and 2176 ms, becoming relatively stable for PLDs longer than 2176 ms. The fast compartment of the conventional IVIM‐experiment shows comparable apparent diffusion values to the ASL signal with PLDs between 1747 ms and 2176 ms. At the longest PLDs, the observed D* values (4.0 ± 2.8 × 10−3 mm2/s) are approximately 4.5 times higher than the slow compartment (0.90 ± 0.05 × 10−3 mm2/s) of the conventional IVIM experiment.ConclusionThis study showed much more complicated diffusion properties of vascular signal than the conventionally assumed single D* of the perfusion compartment in the two‐compartment model of IVIM (biexponential behavior). Magn Reson Med 79:723–729, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
A one‐step biomarker quantification methodology for DCE‐MRI of adnexal masses: Capturing kinetic pattern from early to late enhancement
Authors: Fathi Kazerooni Anahita , Nabil Mahnaz , Haghighat Khah Hamidreza , Parviz Sara , Gity Masoumeh , Saligheh Rad Hamidreza 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo develop a one‐step quantification approach that accounts for joint preprocessing and quantification of whole‐range kinetics (early and late‐phase washout) of dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI of indeterminate adnexal masses.MethodsPreoperative DCE‐MRI of 43 (24 benign, 19 malignant) sonographically indeterminate adnexal masses were analyzed prospectively. A five‐parameter sigmoid function was implemented to model the enhancement curves calculated within regions of interest. Diagnostic performance of five‐parameter sigmoid model parameters (P1 through P5) was compared with pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling, semiquantitative analysis, and three‐parameter sigmoid. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐tailed student's t‐test.ResultsThe results revealed that P2, representing the enhancement amplitude, is significantly higher, and P5, indicating the terminal phase, is generally negative in malignant lesions (P < 0.001). P2 (sensitivity = 79%, specificity = 87.5%, accuracy = 84%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 91%) outperforms classification performances of PK and semiquantitative parameters. A combination of P2 and P5 shows comparable performance (sensitivity = 79%, specificity = 87.5%, accuracy = 84%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 92%) to that of the combination of PK parameters, whereas the five‐parameter sigmoid function maintains fewer assumptions than PK.ConclusionsThe presented one‐step quantification approach is helpful for accurate discrimination of benign from malignant indeterminate adnexal masses. Accordingly, P2 has considerably high diagnostic performance and terminal slope (P5), as a previously overlooked feature, contributes more than widely accepted early‐enhancement kinetic features. Magn Reson Med 79:1165–1171, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Investigation into the effect of fault properties on wave transmission
Authors: Mohammadi H.R. , Mansouri H. , Bahaaddini M. , Jalalifar H. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe estimation of wave transmission across the fractured rock masses is of great importance for rock engineers to assess the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines. Presence of fault, as a major discontinuity, in the jointed rock mass can significantly impact on the peak particle velocity and transmission of blast waves, particularly where a fault contains a thick infilling with weak mechanical properties. This paper aims to study the effect of fault properties on transmission of blasting waves using the distinct element method. First, a validation study was carried out on the wave transmission across a single joint and different rock mediums through undertaking a comparative study against analytical models. Then, the transmission of blast wave across a fault with thick infilling in the Golgohar iron mine, Iran, was numerically studied, and the results were compared with the field measurements. The blast wave was numerically simulated using a hybrid finite element and finite difference code which then the outcome was used as the input for the distinct element method analysis. The measured uplift of hanging wall, as a result of wave transmission across the fault, in the numerical model agrees well with the recorded field measurement. Finally, the validated numerical model was used to study the effect of fault properties on wave transmission. It was found that the fault inclination angle is the most effective parameter on the peak particle velocity and uplift. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐ and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients treated with laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. Is it a safe procedure for all patients?
Authors: Zacharakis Dimitrios , Grigoriadis Themos , Bourgioti Charis , Pitsouni Eleni , Protopapas Athanasios , Moulopoulos Lia A. , Athanasiou Stavros 
Published: May 2017

IntroductionLaparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSCP) is a reference operation for apical compartment prolapse repair. Aim of this study is to describe the early and midterm postoperative MRI findings of the lumbosacral region (LSR) in patients undergoing LSCP and to detect any imaging changes that the presence of the mesh may cause on patients with preexisting degenerative disease of the LSR.MethodsPatients with POP‐Q grade III and IV uterovaginal or vaginal vault prolapse who were considered eligible for LSCP were invited to participate. An MRI of the LSR was performed preoperatively and then 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Patients with vaginal vault prolapse underwent LSCP, while women with uterovaginal prolapse were treated with the vaginally assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (VALS).ResultsA total of 30 patients were included in the study; 18 (60%) underwent LSCP and 12 (40%) VALS. On preoperative MRIs, 83.3% (25/30) of patients had degenerative changes and 70% (21/30) reported having low back pain (LBP). Postoperative MRIs did not reveal any imaging changes compared to the preoperative MRI findings both for patients with or without preexisting degenerative abnormalities of the LSR. No significant changes in the LBP score were observed postoperatively.ConclusionsAny bone marrow or soft‐tissue changes at MRIs of the LSR early after the insertion of a synthetic mesh, does not constitute an expected postoperative finding and should raise the suspicion of an ongoing inflammatory or infectious spinal process (spondylodiscitis). Additionally, LSCP seems to be a safe surgical approach for women with preexisting degenerative disease of the LSR.
Security in IoT network based on stochastic game net model
Authors: Kaur Rajbir , Kaur Navroop , Sood Sandeep K. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe growing prevalence of Internet of Things (IoT) ushers itself with various security concerns. Being complex in nature, traditional security countermeasures cannot be applied directly to IoT networks. Addressing this problem, this paper aims to combine the capabilities of 2 traditional methods namely, game theory (GT) and stochastic Petri nets (SPN), such that the resultant model is compatible for complex IoT networks. Game theory does not have enough modeling capability to cope up with complexity of IoT networks. However, it has an advantage of providing a priori idea of attacker's actions and strategies with the help of Nash equilibrium. This information is used by administrators to devise appropriate action plan to detect and prevent attacks on network. On the other hand, SPN is a dynamic, scalable and probabilistic model, which overcomes the limitations of GT. Nevertheless, it is not able to compute best strategies (Nash equilibrium) of attacker. Therefore, this paper proposes stochastic game net (SGN)–based model for security in IoT, which combines the advantages of SPN and GT. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that this is the first attempt to define SGN for handling security issues in IoT. Simulations performed using OPNET tool show that SGN shows 5.94% and 5.91% improvement in terms of confidentiality, 6.4% and 8% improvement in terms of integrity, and 6.7% and 8.9% improvement in terms of availability over SPN and GT, respectively.
A screening tool for predicting gatekeeping behaviour
Authors: Snowden Austyn , Young Jenny 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo develop a typology and screening tool for gatekeeping behaviours by nurses responsible for recruitment in palliative care research.DesignConcurrent analysis.MethodTwo focus groups were conducted in 2015 with nine qualified hospice community nurses involved in recruitment to a trial in palliative care. The literature was searched for research into gatekeeping from 2000–2016. All narrative examples of gatekeeping activity were coded using gerunds. Common codes were then grouped and interpreted as a social process.ResultsGatekeeping is normal and should be expected. A continuum typology emerged, ranging from unintentional to active disengagement. Justification ranged from forgetting to deliberately not mentioning the study for fear of burdening patients. Viewing gatekeeping as a continuum allowed for the creation of a screening tool designed to collaboratively discuss and hence mitigate specific types of gatekeeping behaviour before they occur. This is a unique international contribution to this persistent issue.
Pyrene‐cored covalent organic polymers by thiophene‐based isomers, their gas adsorption, and photophysical properties
Authors: Li Changfeng , Li Peixian , Chen Linjiang , Briggs Michael E. , Liu Ming , Chen Kai , Shi Xiaoxiao , Han Deman , Ren Shibin 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTTwo new pyrene‐cored covalent organic polymers (COPs), CK‐COP‐1 and CK‐COP‐2, were synthesized via the one‐step polymerization of two thiophene‐based isomers, 1,3,6,8‐tetra(thiophene‐2‐yl) pyrene (L1) and 1,3,6,8‐tetra(thiophene‐3‐yl) pyrene (L2). The resulting pyrene‐cored COPs exhibit rather different surface areas of 54 m2 g−1 and 615 m2g−1 for CK‐COP‐1 and CK‐COP‐2, respectively. The CO2 uptake capacities of CK‐COP‐1 and CK‐COP‐2 also show different values of 2.85 and 9.73 wt % at 273 K, respectively. Furthermore, CK‐COP‐2 offers not only a larger CO2 adsorption capacity but also a better CO2/CH4 selectivity at 273 K compared with CK‐COP‐1. CK‐COP‐1 and CK‐COP‐2 also exhibit considerable differences in their photophysical property. The different structure and properties of CK‐COPs could be attributed to the isomer effect of their corresponding thiophene‐based monomers. © 2017 Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2383–2389
Synthesis of borosiloxane/polybenzoxazine hybrids as highly efficient and environmentally friendly flame retardant materials
Authors: Gao Sheng , Liu Ying , Feng Shengyu , Lu Zaijun 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA series of novel borosiloxane/polybenzoxazine hybrids were synthesized through the copolymerization of 3,3′‐phenylmethanebis(3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3‐benzoxazine) and phenol‐functionalized borosiloxane (BSi‐OH) oligomer. The structures were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance and fourier transform infrared. The thermal and flame retardant properties of hybrids were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and oxygen index instrument. The results showed that the addition of BSi‐OH oligomer is not only highly efficient in environmentally friendly flame retardancy of polybenzoxazine, but also enhances its thermal property. Only 25 wt % content of BSi‐OH oligomer was able to increase the glass transition temperature, 5% weight loss temperature (Td5), 10% weight loss temperature (Td10), and limited oxygen index (LOI) value from original 211 °C, 374 °C, 395 °C, and 29.5 °C to 244 °C, 408 °C, 448 °C, and 40.1, respectively. This work provides a facile and useful method for the preparation of new polybenzoxazines possessing highly efficient and environmentally friendly flame retardance as well as heat resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2390–2396
Lattice dynamics and thermophysical properties of h.c.p. Re and Tc from the quasi‐harmonic approximation
Authors: Palumbo Mauro , Dal Corso Andrea 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report first‐principles phonon frequencies and anharmonic thermodynamic properties of h.c.p. Re and Tc calculated within the quasi‐harmonic approximation, including Grüneisen parameters, temperature‐dependent lattice parameters, thermal expansion, and isobaric heat capacity. We discuss the differences between a full treatment of anisotropy and a simplified approach with a constant ratio. The results are systematically compared with the available experimental data and an overall satisfactory agreement is obtained.
Nature nominee quercetin's anti‐influenza combat strategy—Demonstrations and remonstrations
Authors: Gansukh Enkhtaivan , Muthu Manikandan , Paul Diby , Ethiraj Gopal , Chun Sechul , Gopal Judy 
Published: May 2017

SummaryNature's providences are rather the choicest remedies for human health and welfare. One such is quercetin, which is nature's nominee for cancer cure and recently demonstrated against influenza attack. Quercetin is highly recognized for its anticancer applications. This review emphasizes on yet another gift that this compound has to offer for mankind, which is none other than combating the deadly evasive influenza virus. The chemistry of this natural bioflavonoid and its derivatives and its modus operandi against influenza virus is consolidated into this review. The advancements and achievements made in the anti‐influenza clinical history are also documented. Further, the challenges facing the progress of this compound to emerge as a predominant anti‐influenza drug are discussed, and the future perspective for breaking its limitations through integration with nanoplatforms is envisioned.
The Greedy Independent Set in a Random Graph with Given Degrees
Authors: Brightwell Graham , Janson Svante , Luczak Malwina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe analyse the size of an independent set in a random graph onnvertices with specified vertex degrees, constructed via a simple greedy algorithm: order the vertices arbitrarily, and, for each vertex in turn, place it in the independent set unless it is adjacent to some vertex already chosen. We find the limit of the expected proportion of vertices in the greedy independent set as(the jamming constant), expressed as an integral whose upper limit is defined implicitly, valid whenever the second moment of a random vertex degree is uniformly bounded. We further show that the random proportion of vertices in the independent set converges in probability to the jamming constant as. The results hold under weaker assumptions in a random multigraph with given degrees constructed via the configuration model. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 51, 565–586, 2017
Helical Mesoporous Tantalum Oxide Nanotubes: Formation, Optical Activity, and Applications
Authors: He Yangyang , Yang Yonggang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNanomaterials with helical morphologies have attracted much attention owing to their potential applications as nanosprings, chirality sensors and in chiral optics. Single‐handed helical Ta2O5 nanotubes prepared through a supramolecular templating approach are described. The handedness is controlled by that of the organic self‐assemblies of chiral low‐molecular‐weight gelators (LMWGs). The chiral LMWGs self‐assemble into single‐handed twisted nanoribbons through H‐bonding, hydrophobic association, and π‐π stacking. The Ta2O5 nanotubes are formed by the adsorption and polycondensation of Ta2O5 oligomers on the surfaces and edges of the twisted organic nanoribbons followed by removal of the template. The optical activity of the nanotubes is proposed to originate from the chiral defects on the inner surfaces of the tubular structures. Single‐handed twisted LiTaO3 nanotubes can also be prepared using Ta2O5 nanotubes.
What is new in CDG?
Authors: Jaeken Jaak , Péanne Romain 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are one group among the disorders of glycosylation. The latter comprise defects associated with hypoglycosylation but also defects with hyperglycosylation. Genetic diseases with hypoglycosylation can be divided in primary congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) and in genetic diseases causing secondary hypoglycosylation. This review covers the human CDG highlights from the last 3 years (2014–2016) following a summary of the actual status of CDG. It expands on 23 novel CDG namely defects in SLC39A8, CAD, NANS, PGM3, SSR4, POGLUT1, NUS1, GANAB, PIGY, PIGW, PIGC, PIGG, PGAP1, PGAP3, VPS13B, CCDC115, TMEM199, ATP6AP1, ATP6V1A, ATP6V1E1, TRAPPC11, XYLT1 and XYLT2. Besides, it discusses novel phenotypes of known CDG (DHDDS‐CDG, ALG9‐CDG, EXT2‐CDG, PIGA‐CDG, PIGN‐CDG), the elucidation of putative glycosyltransferase disorders as O‐mannosylglycan synthesis disorders (TMEM5‐CDG, ISPD‐CDG, FKTN‐CDG, FKRP‐CDG), a novel CDG mechanism, advances in diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment and finally an updated list of the 104 known CDG.
Women Left Behind? Poverty and Headship in Africa
Authors: Milazzo Annamaria , van de Walle Dominique 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Two stylized facts about poverty in Africa motivate this article: female-headed households tend to be poorer, and poverty has been falling in the aggregate since the 1990s. These facts raise two questions. First, how have female-headed households fared? Second, what role have they played in Africa’s impressive recent aggregate growth and poverty reduction? Using data covering the entire region, we reexamine the current prevalence and characteristics of female-headed households and ask whether their prevalence has been rising, what factors have been associated with such changes since the mid-1990s, and whether poverty has fallen equiproportionately for male- and female-headed households. Lower female headship is associated with higher gross domestic product. However, other subtle transformations occurring across Africa—changes in marriage behavior, family formation, health, and education—are positively related to female headship, resulting in a growing share of female-headed households. This shift has been happening alongside declining aggregate poverty incidence. However, rather than being left behind, female-headed households have generally seen faster poverty reduction. As a whole, this group has contributed substantially to the reduction in poverty despite their smaller share in the population.
Clinical benefits of deep sedation with a supraglottic airway while monitoring the bispectral index during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hida Satoru , Takemoto Masao , Masumoto Akihiro , Mito Takahiro , Nagaoka Kazuhiro , Kumeda Hiroshi , Kawano Yuki , Aoki Ryota , Kang Honsa , Tanaka Atsushi , Matsuo Atsutoshi , Hironaga Kiyoshi , Okazaki Teiji , Yoshitake Kiyonobu , Tayama Kei‐ichiro , Kosuga Ken‐ichi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI) under sedation has proven to be a useful strategy for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsTo evaluate the clinical benefits of respiratory management using supraglottic airways (SGAs) under deep sedation while monitoring the bispectral (BIS) index during the PVAI and the durations from admission to the catheterization room to starting the radiofrequency energy delivery (Time α), and from starting the radiofrequency energy delivery to completion of the PVAI (Time β), X‐ray time, frequency of dislocations of the three‐dimensional maps (D3DM), procedure‐related complications, and proportion of an AF‐free rate 15 months after the PVAI (PAFFR) in patients who received deep sedation without SGAs (Group A: n=48) and those with SGAs (Group B: n=51) were evaluated.ResultsThere were no significant differences in patient characteristics, Time α (77±3 versus 78±2 min; p=0.816), complications of cardiac tamponade (2% versus 2%; p=0.966), or PAFFR (81% versus 88%; p=0.313) between the two groups. However, the Time β (84±4 versus 67±3; p=0.001), X‐ray time (53±2 versus 34±2; p<0.001), and minor complications of nasal bleeding (25% versus 0%; p=0.001) were significantly shorter and lower in Group B than in Group A, in accordance with a reduction in the hypoxia (15% versus 0%; p=0.007) and D3DM (31% versus 8%; p=0.003).ConclusionsThese results may demonstrate the clinical benefits of deep sedation with SGAs while monitoring the BIS index without any hypoxia during PVAI in patients with AF.