bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bimodal role of endogenous interleukin-6 in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice
Authors: Tagawa Yoh-ichi , Matthys Patrick , Heremans Hubertine , Dillen Chris , Zaman Zahur , Iwakura Yoichiro , Billiau Alfons 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Acute concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis in mice is an animal model for hepatic injury induced by activated T cells. The evolution of hepatic involvement can be followed from hour to hour by measuring serum transaminase levels. We investigated the possible role of endogenous interleukin-6 (IL-6) in this model. We found serum IL-6 levels and splenic IL-6 mRNA during Con A-induced hepatitis to be significantly lower in interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-deficientmice, which are resistant against the Con A-induced syndrome, than in wild-type ones, suggesting that systemic IL-6 production favors development of hepatic injury. However, IL-6-deficient mice proved to be more susceptible to the disease than wild-type mice, indicating that endogenous IL-6 plays a predominantly hepatoprotective role. Experiments in which wild-type mice were treated with anti-IL-6 antibodies, before or after Con A challenge, allowed us to reconcile these contrasting observations. The antibody injections resulted in a biphasic alteration of serum IL-6 levels, initial neutralization being followed by rebound increased levels due to accumulation of IL-6 in the form of antigen-antibody complexes. The effect of antibody on disease severity differed depending on the time of injection. Antibody injection at 2.5 h post Con A resulted in delayed disease manifestation, whereas treatment initiated before Con A resulted in accelerated disease. We conclude that endogenous IL-6 plays a bimodal role. IL-6 present before Con A challenge as well as that induced in the very early phase after Con A injection triggers hepatoprotective pathways. Continuation of IL-6 production beyond this early phase, by some other pathway, seems to be harmful to hepato-cytes. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67: 90–96; 2000.M
AP-1 activity is negatively regulated by cannabinol through inhibition of its protein components, c-fos and c-jun
Authors: Faubert Barbara L , Kaminski Norbert E 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Regulation of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) complex is very intricate because it involves phosphorylation state, protein-protein, and protein-DNA interactions. In these studies, the regulation of AP-1 activity, with emphasis on c-fos and c-jun regulation, was investigated using cannabinol (CBN) in primary mouse splenocytes in vitro. Cannabinoid compounds exhibit immunosuppressive actions that are putatively mediated through Gi-protein coupled receptors that negatively regulate adenylate cyclase. However, recent studies suggest that cannabi-noids modulate other signaling cascades. Indeed, we demonstrate that CBN inhibited binding to AP-1-containing sites from the interleukin-2 promoter. This inhibition of binding was, in part, due to decreased nuclear expression of c-fos and c-jun. We further determined that the effects of CBN were due to posttranslational modifications of these phosphoproteins and showed that CBN inhibited the activation of ERK MAP kinases. Thus, cannabinoid-induced immunosuppression involves disruption of the ERK signaling cascade. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67: 259–266; 2000.
The interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor superfamily: signal generators for pro-inflammatory interleukins and microbial products
Authors: Bowie Andrew , O'Neill Luke A J 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor/Tolllike receptor (TLR) superfamily is a recently defined and expanding group of receptors that participate in host responses to injury and infection. The superfamily is defined by the Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain, which occurs in the cytosolic region of family members, and is further subdivided into two groups based on homology to either the Type I IL-1 receptor or Drosophila Toll receptor extracellular domain. The former group includes the receptor for the important Th1 cytokine IL-18, and T1/ST2, which may have a role in Th2 cell function. The latter group includes six mammalian TLRs, including TLR2 and TLR4, that largely mediate the host response to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Whether bacterial products are actual ligands for TLRs, or whether they generate ligands via as yet unidentified pattern recognition receptors, has yet to be determined. Signaling pathways activated via the TIR domain trigger the activation of downstream kinases, and transcription factors such as NF-κB, and involve the adaptor protein MyD88, which itself contains a TIR domain. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67: 508–514; 2000.
Specific association of increased cyclin-dependent kinase 5 expression with monocytic lineage of differentiation of human leukemia HL60 cells
Authors: Chen Fei , Rao Jie , Studzinski George P 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Hematopoietic cell differentiation takes place in phenotypically recognizable stages characterized by morphology as well as by the expression of enzymes and surface markers. It is recognized that differentiation results from an interaction of environmental cues, such as cytokines and hormones, with internal cellular programs, but the precise mechanisms are not entirely clear. HL60 cells, a human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line with promyelocytic features, provide a model for such studies because they behave like stem cells, which can differentiate into two different lineages, granulocytic or monocytic/macrophage, depending on the inducer. Protein levels and kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) were reported [F. Chen and G. P. Studzinski (1999) Exp. Cell Res. 249, 422, 1999] to increase in HL60 cells induced to monocytic differentiation by 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3), but the specificity of the association of Cdk5 with the monocytic phenotype has not been established. We show here that up-regulation of Cdk5 does not occur in granulocytic differentiation, whereas inhibition of Cdk5 activity by olomoucine, or its expression by a plasmid construct expressing antisense Cdk5, switches the 1,25D3-induced monocytic phenotype (a combination of positive nonspecific esterase reaction, expression of the CD14 marker, and morphology) to general myeloid phenotype (positive nitro-blue tetrazolium reaction, CD11b marker and morphology). The transcriptional up-regulation of Cdk5 by 1,25D3 was not inhibited by olomoucine. These findings show that in human myeloid cells up-regulation of Cdk5 is specifically associated with the monocytic phenotype. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67: 559–566; 2000.
Performance analysis of a digital fiber optic link incorporating gain‐levered laser diode transmitter
Authors: Piramasubramanian S. , Ganesh Madhan M. , Sindhuja A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper, digital modulation performance of two‐section, multiple quantum well gain‐levered laser diode in a fiber optic link is analyzed. This study involves numerical simulation of gain‐levered laser diode along with single‐mode fiber for evaluating gigabit rate digital transmission. The optical link performance is analyzed by evaluating the eye diagram, extinction ratio, and quality factor for different bit rates, modulation current, and fiber lengths. The results are compared with unlevered or normal laser diode–based fiber optic link with similar operating conditions. A 12‐dB improvement in extinction ratio is obtained for gain‐levered laser diode when the longer section and shorter section currents are kept as 30 and 0.5 mA, respectively. The Q parameter is found to increase with increasing modulation current in the gain‐levered case, and a maximum Q factor of 11 is obtained for a modulation current of 5 mA. The Q value is improved by a factor of 8 and 5 at 1‐ Gbps and 10‐Gbps data rates, respectively, under gain‐levered condition, when compared to normal laser diode–based link.
Synthesis of polydopamine‐functionalized magnetic graphene and carbon nanotubes hybrid nanocomposites as an adsorbent for the fast determination of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples
Authors: Chen Kun , Jin Rongrong , Luo Chen , Song Guoxin , Hu Yaoming , Cheng Hefa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA novel adsorbent made of polydopamine‐functionalized magnetic graphene and carbon nanotubes hybrid nanocomposite was synthesized and applied to determine 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by magnetic solid phase extraction in water samples. FTIR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy consistently indicate that the synthesized adsorbents are made of core–shell nanoparticles well dispersed on the surface of graphene and carbon nanotubes. The major factors affecting the extraction efficiency, including the pH value of samples, the amount of adsorbent, adsorption time and desorption time, type and volume of desorption solvent, were systematically optimized. Under the optimum extraction conditions, a linear response was obtained for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between concentrations of 10 and 500 ng/L with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9958 to 0.9989, and the limits of detection (S/N = 3) were between 0.1 and 3.0 ng/L. Satisfactory results were also obtained when applying these magnetic graphene/carbon nanotubes/polydopamine hybrid nanocomposites to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in several environmental aqueous samples.
Rapid characterization of chlorogenic acids in Duhaldea nervosa based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–linear trap quadropole‐Orbitrap‐mass spectrometry and mass spectral trees similarity filter technique
Authors: Liu Lianghong , Zhang Jiayu , Zheng Binjie , Guan Ying , Wang Liting , Chen Lei , Cai Wei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDuhaldea nervosa (Wallich ex Candolle) A. Anderberg has been traditionally used as a food spice and also in folk medicine for treating traumatic injury and relieving rheumatism, especially accelerating the healing of a fracture. However, so far as we are aware, the chemical constituents have not been fully investigated. In this study, a practical method of mass spectral trees similarity filter, a data‐mining technique, was developed and evaluated for the rapid detection and identification complicated constituents based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–linear trap quadropole‐Orbitrap‐mass spectrometry. Finally, a total of 47 chlorogenic acids, including 19 monoacyl‐quinic acids, 22 diacyl‐quinic acids, and six triacyl‐quinic acids, were unambiguously or tentatively identified based on their accurate mass measurement, chromatographic retention, MSn spectra, and bibliography data. To our best knowledge, it is the first time to report the chlorogenic acids of D. nervosa, which would be beneficial for the further material basis and quality research. Meanwhile, this mass spectral trees similarity filter method could be envisioned to exhibit a wide application for the identification of complicated components from botanical extracts.
Dynamic coronary MR angiography in a pig model with hyperpolarized water
Authors: Lipsø Kasper Wigh , Hansen Esben Søvsø Szocska , Tougaard Rasmus Stilling , Laustsen Christoffer , Ardenkjær‐Larsen Jan Henrik 
Published: January 2018

PurposeTo investigate dynamic coronary MR angiography using hyperpolarized water as a positive contrast agent. Hyperpolarization can increase the signal by several orders of magnitude, and has recently been translated to human cardiac application. The aim was to achieve large 1H signal enhancement to allow high‐resolution imaging of the coronary arteries.MethodsProtons in D2O were hyperpolarized by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. A total of 18 mL of hyperpolarized water was injected into the coronary arteries of healthy pigs (N = 9; 3 injections in 3 animals). The MRI images were acquired with a gradient‐echo sequence in an oblique slab covering the main left coronary arteries with 0.55 mm in‐plane resolution. The acquisition time was 870 ms per frame.ResultsA more than 200‐fold signal enhancement compared with thermally polarized water at 3 T was obtained. Coronary angiographic images with a signal‐to‐noise ratio from the left main stem of 269 ± 169 and coronary sharpness from the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery of 0.31 ± 0.086 mm−1 were obtained. Dynamic images were acquired over a 10 s time window.ConclusionHyperpolarized water MR angiography of the coronary arteries in a large animal model with high signal‐to‐noise ratio and high spatial and temporal resolution was obtained. Magn Reson Med 80:1165–1169, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Preparation of mixed matrix membranes based on polyimide and aminated graphene oxide for CO2 separation
Authors: Ge Bao‐Sheng , Wang Tao , Sun Hai‐Xiang , Gao Wen , Zhao Hao‐Ru 
Published: January 2018

The aminated graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by the functionalization of pristine GO with ethylenediamine and then dispersed into the poly(amic acid) (the precursor of polyimide [PI]) solution followed by the chemical imidization to successfully fabricate the PI/amine‐functionalized GO mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) using in‐situ polymerization method. Chemical structure and morphology of the GO before and after amine modification were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectrum, Fourier transform infrared, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that fine dispersion of GO throughout PI matrix was achieved, which indicates that the in‐situ polymerization approach can enhance the interfacial interaction between the GO and the PI matrix, and then improve the dispersion of carbon material in the polymer matrix. Compared with the conventional solution mixture method, the MMMs prepared with in‐situ polymerization method showed excellent CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 selectivity. The MMMs doped with 3 wt.% aminated GO exhibited maximum gas separation performance with a CO2 permeability of 12.34 Barrer and a CO2/N2 selectivity of 38.56. These results suggest that the amino groups on GO have strong interaction with the CO2 molecules, which can significantly increase the solubility of polar gas. Our results provide an easy and efficient way to prepare MMMs with good mechanical behavior and excellent gas separation performance.
Reduced lysosomal clearance of autophagosomes promotes survival and colonization of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Zhang Lin , Hu Wei , Cho Chi H , Chan Francis KL , Yu Jun , Fitzgerald J Ross , Cheung Cynthia KY , Xiao Zhan G , Shen Jing , Li Long F , Li Ming X , Wu Justin CY , Ling Thomas KW , Chan Jason YK , Ko Ho , Tse Gary , Ng Siew C , Yu Sidney , Wang Maggie HT , Gin Tony , Ashktorab Hassan , Smoot Duane T , Wong Sunny H , Chan Matthew TV , Wu William KK 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEvasion of autophagy is key for intracellular survival of bacteria in host cells, but its involvement in persistent infection by Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium identified to invade gastric epithelial cells, remains obscure. The aim of this study was to functionally characterize the role of autophagy in H. pylori infection. Autophagy was assayed in H. pylori‐infected human gastric epithelium and the functional role of autophagy was determined via genetic or pharmacological ablation of autophagy in mouse and cell line models of H. pylori infection. Here, we showed that H. pylori inhibited lysosomal function and thereby promoted the accumulation of autophagosomes in gastric epithelial cells. Importantly, inhibiting autophagosome formation by pharmacological inhibitors or genetic ablation of BECN1 or ATG5 reduced H. pylori intracellular survival, whereas inhibition of lysosomal functions exerted an opposite effect. Further experiments demonstrated that H. pylori inhibited lysosomal acidification and the retrograde trafficking of mannose‐6‐phosphate receptors, both of which are known to positively regulate lysosomal function. We conclude that H. pylori subverts autophagy into a pro‐survival mechanism through inhibition of lysosomal clearance of autophagosomes. Disruption of autophagosome formation offers a novel strategy to reduce H. pylori colonization in human stomachs. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thiol‐ene photofunctionalization of 1,4‐polymyrcene
Authors: Matic Aleksandar , Schlaad Helmut 
Published: January 2018

Abstract1,4‐Polymyrcene was synthesized by anionic polymerization of β‐myrcene and was subjected to photochemical functionalization with various thiols (i.e. methyl thioglycolate, methyl 3‐mercaptopropionate, butyl 3‐mercaptopropionate, ethyl 2‐mercaptopropionate and 2‐methyl‐2‐propanethiol) using benzophenone/UV light as the radical source. The yield of thiol addition to the trisubstituted double bonds of 1,4‐polymyrcene decreased in the order 1° thiol (ca 95%) > 2° thiol (ca 80%) > 3° thiol (<5%), due to the reversibility of the thiol‐ene reaction. Remarkably, thiol addition to the side‐chain double bonds was 8 − 10 times (1° thiol) or 24 times (2° thiol) faster than to the main‐chain double bonds, which can be explained by the different accessibility of the double bonds and steric hindrance. Despite the use of a 10‐fold excess of thiol with respect to myrcene units, the thiol‐ene addition was accompanied by chain coupling reactions, which in the extreme case of 3° thiol (or in the absence of thiol) resulted in the formation of insoluble crosslinked material. As an example, a methyl‐thioglycolate‐functionalized 1,4‐polymyrcene was saponified/crosslinked to give submicron polyelectrolyte particles in dilute alkaline solution. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Energy Back Transfer Induced Color Controllable Upconversion Emissions in La2MoO6:Er3+/Yb3+ Nanocrystals for Versatile Applications
Authors: Du Peng , Luo Laihui , Yu Jae Su 
Published: January 2018

AbstractColor controllable Er3+/Yb3+‐codoped La2MoO6 upconverting nanocrystals are successfully synthesized via a facile sol‐gel method. Under the irradiation of 980 nm light, the entire samples exhibit dazzling upconversion (UC) emissions arising from the intra‐4f transitions of Er3+ ions and the UC emission intensity is strongly dependent on the Yb3+ ion concentration. Moreover, by controlling the Yb3+ ion concentration, the emission color is changed from green to yellow and finally to red as a result of the energy back transfer from Er3+ to Yb3+ ions, which is further verified by the theoretically discussion based on the steady‐state rate expressions. The optical thermometric properties of the prepared nanocrystals based on the (2H11/2,4S3/2) thermally coupled levels of Er3+ ions are systematically studied by analyzing the temperature‐dependent green UC emission spectra in the range of 303–663 K. The maximum sensor sensitivity of resultant nanocrystals is determined to be 0.0083 K−1 at 510 K. Furthermore, the emitting color of the synthesized nanocrystals relies on the temperature. In addition, the heating effect induced by the excitation pump power is also investigated and the host lattice temperature is enhanced from 319 to 404 K with raising the pump power from 159 to 757 mW.
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: Broader cognitive deficits revealed by parent controls
Authors: Zelko Frank A. , Stewart Tracey M. , Brogadir Cindy D. , Rand Casey M. , Weese‐Mayer Debra E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate neurocognitive deficits in children with Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) by comparing them to their parents, since parents comprise a particularly suitable control group matched on disease‐extrinsic factors that can influence neurocognitive functioning. We compared CCHS patients to their parents and to population norms, hypothesizing that they would obtain lower intelligence test scores than both groups. We also compared patient‐parent differences against patient‐normative differences, to determine whether the two analytic approaches would yield different results.MethodsWe administered an intelligence screening, the Shipley‐2, to 21 school‐aged patients (age 14.2 ± 5.5 years) with PHOX2B mutation‐confirmed CCHS and their parents. Patients also received detailed clinical intellectual assessments using the Wechsler scales.ResultsCCHS patients scored significantly below parents on Shipley‐2 indices of intelligence, vocabulary, and abstraction, with a trend for perceptual reasoning. The CCHS patients scored significantly below population norms on indices of abstraction and perceptual reasoning. Patient‐parent differences were significantly larger than patient‐normative differences for vocabulary scores. CCHS patients scored significantly below population norms on Wechsler indices of intelligence, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed.ConclusionsCCHS may affect a broader range of cognitive abilities than previous research based on comparisons to population norms has indicated. Comparisons of CCHS children to their parents reveal deficits of vocabulary and abstract reasoning which have not been previously identified. A full understanding of the neurocognitive impact of CCHS requires comparisons between patients and other individuals such as friends, parents, or siblings who closely resemble them on disease‐extrinsic characteristics.
Assessment of the dissipation, pre‐harvest interval and dietary risk of carbosulfan, dimethoate, and their relevant metabolites in greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Geng Yue , Jiang Linjie , Zhang Yanwei , He Zeying , Wang Lu , Peng Yi , Wang Yuehua , Liu Xiaowei , Xu Yaping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe dissipation behavior, pre‐harvest interval and dietary risk of carbosulfan, dimethoate, and their relevant metabolites were investigated in greenhouse cucumber in Tianjin, northern China, to ensure raw consumption safety.RESULTSCarbosulfan was metabolized to carbofuran, dibutylamine, 3‐hydroxycarbofuran and 3‐ketocarbofuran, and dimethoate was degraded to omethoate in cucumber fruits and leaves. The dissipation of carbosulfan, carbofuran, 3‐hydroxycarbofuran and dimethoate fitted first‐order kinetics well, with R2 ranging from 0.912 to 0.992, and their half‐lives were 2.6, 2.7, 2.4 and 5.2 days in cucumber fruits and 2.8, 3.0, 4.6 and 2.5 days in leaves, respectively. The estimated daily intakes of the active ingredients and their relevant metabolites were 0.1–4% of the corresponding acceptable daily intakes. Acute oral exposure to carbofuran (a metabolite of carbosulfan) represented 367% of the acute reference dose (ARfD) for 1–6‐year‐old Chinese children and 227% for the general Chinese population.CONCLUSIONA minimum pre‐harvest interval of 12 days for carbosulfan is proposed to ensure safe consumption of cucumber. The slow dissipation rate of omethoate in cucumber reveals that a longer pre‐harvest interval (≥ 27 days) is necessary to prevent dietary risk when dimethoate is applied to cucumber. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry