bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individuelle und gesellschaftliche Aspekte des E-Zigaretten-Konsums aus der Perspektive der Konsumierenden: Ein qualitativer Ansatz
Authors: Lehmann Kirsten , Kuhn Silke , Reimer Jens 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Sowohl der Bekanntheitsgrad als auch die Nutzung von elektronischen Zigaretten (E-Zigaretten) sind in den vergangenen Jahren rapide angestiegen. Der gesundheitliche Nutzen eines Umstiegs von Tabakprodukten auf E-Zigaretten sowie das bisher ungeklärte Langzeitrisiko des Konsums führten zu einem Public Health-Dilemma.
Methodik Qualitative explorative Inhaltsanalyse der Freitexte von 1969 aktuell E-Zigaretten konsumierenden Personen, die an einer Online-Befragung zu Konsumgewohnheiten und Motiven von E-Zigarettennutzenden teilgenommen haben.
Ergebnisse 4 Hauptthemen wurden identifiziert: E-Zigaretten im (1) politischen sowie im (2) gesellschaftlichen Kontext, (3) Motive und subjektiver Nutzen des Konsums und (4) E-Zigaretten Equipment. Aufgrund der wahrgenommenen positiven gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen des Umstiegs von Tabakprodukten auf E-Zigaretten und der Erleichterung, nicht mehr tabakabhängig zu sein, wird ein freier Zugang zu E-Zigaretten gefordert. Eine Regulierung hinsichtlich des Jugendschutzes und mit Blick auf die Sicherheit von Geräten und der Qualität des Liquids wird befürwortet.
Diskussion Die befragten E-Zigaretten-Konsumierenden bieten sich als Partner bei politischen Entscheidungen und für Forschungsfragen an.
Intra- and Inter-Day Reliability of Body Composition Assessed by a Commercial Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Meter
Authors: Bosquet Laurent , Niort Thomas , Poirault Maxime 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the intra- and inter-day reliability of body composition measurements provided by a commercial multifrequency bioelectrical impedance meter. Eighteen healthy, well-trained students in physical education from the same ethnic group were assessed on four consecutive days, both in the morning and in the evening. Indexes provided by the device were gathered in four categories: tissular, metabolic, hydric and ionic blocks. There was no systematic bias between repeated measures, regardless of time of day. Relative reliability was high to very high in the morning (0.72<ICC<0.99) and moderate to very high in the afternoon (0.61<ICC<0.99). Absolute reliability varied substantially between indexes (1.5%<SEM<15%). The minimum difference considered as real was proportionally altered, since it ranged from 4.2 to 41.5%. In conclusion, body composition assessed with a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance meter requires a highly standardized protocol and adjusting the cut-off value for each parameter to ascertain during athlete follow-up that a real change has occurred. This assessment should preferably be scheduled in the morning in order to decrease these cut-off values.
The development and typology of number suppletion in adjectives
Authors: Nurmio Silva 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper looks at the cross-linguistically rare phenomenon of number suppletion in adjectives. I consider how such suppletion arises by looking at six known examples with a special focus on the Brittonic languages (Breton, Cornish and Welsh), which are discussed as an extended case study. Three generalisations are suggested on the basis of the typological study. First, adjectives denoting size (“small” and “big”) are at the centre of this phenomenon. Second, where the etymology of the adjectives is known, the plural member of the suppletive pair for “small” develops from a lexeme denoting something having been divided into or consisting of small parts. These lexemes can also be used with some singular nouns and in such cases they denote the component structure of the referent. Finally, adjectives with number suppletion tend to mark plural number consistently in environments in which plural marking is otherwise optional or rare.
Where do antipassive constructions come from?
Authors: Sansò Andrea 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of this article is to provide an overview of the main sources of antipassive constructions based on a 120-language sample. The sample includes the 48 languages with an antipassive in the WALS (Polinsky 2013) + 72 further languages in which an antipassive or a functionally equivalent construction is attested (e.g., deobjective constructions, unspecified object constructions, etc.). The diachronic sources of antipassives are identified drawing on two kinds of evidence: (i) etymological reconstructions based on the comparative method; (ii) synchronic resemblance between (some features of) the source construction and (some features of) the target construction. Four main diachronic sources are recurrent in the sample: (i) agent nominalizations; (ii) generic/indefinite items filling the object position (e.g., “person” for animate objects, “(some)thing” for inanimate objects); (iii) action nominalizations, sometimes accompanied by a light verb like “do”; and (iv) morphemes encoding reflexive/reciprocal actions. For each of these sources, a diachronic scenario is proposed through which the antipassive construction might have come into existence. The article also explores the hypothesis that at least some of the functional and structural differences among antipassive constructions across languages may be explained by taking into account the diachronic sources of these constructions.
Questions d’adaptation culturelle au niveau des stratégies de communication des entreprises
Authors: Rentel Nadine 
Published: July 2017

Résumé
L’ouverture des entreprises sur l’international dans un monde globalisé peut être considérée comme un défi en termes de conception de stratégies de communication. Dans ce contexte, les entreprises doivent tenir compte de la question du degré d’adaptation de leurs messages aux préférences, voire aux habitudes de réception de la cible. Il est donc question de savoir si, dans la sphère numérique, nous avons affaire à une manifestation de différentes traditions esthétiques, cognitives et rhétoriques s’adressant à une cible nationale ou si, dans le contexte de la mondialisation des discours numériques, l’on peut parler d’un nivellement des différences culturelles et linguistiques. Dans cette contribution, nous étudierons la représentation sur Internet de banques (et d’assureurs) en France et en Allemagne, destinée à une clientèle cible française d’un côté et à une clientèle allemande de l’autre. Notre objectif est de décrire les particularités des sites web au niveau de leur structure, des thématiques abordées ainsi que de l’usage de stratégies linguistiques visant à convaincre les récepteurs. Vu le caractère multimodal des sites web, un accent sera mis sur la conception des éléments visuels. Nos réflexions se basent sur un corpus de cinq sites web de banques (et d’assureurs) dans les deux pays. Les données ont été collectées en septembre 2016.
Subtitling for a global audience
Authors: Candel-Mora Miguel Ángel , González-Pastor Diana M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTED.com is a platform to share ideas through influential talks in video format on topics that range from science and technology to business that engages volunteers from all over the world to help transcribe, subtitle and translate their scripts in more than 100 languages. The justification to engage volunteer transcribers is that transcribed talks can reach a wider audience because they are accessible for hearing impaired individuals, can be indexed in search engines and can achieve TED’s mission of spreading ideas by making transcripts available for translation through TED’s Open Translation Project.Therefore, talks transcribers play a crucial role in the overall translation workflow and dissemination process as they are responsible for transcribing the contents and foundations of what will be later on translated into different languages. The objective of this paper is to analyse a corpus of talks originally delivered in different variants of Spanish to identify the most common strategies used by volunteer transcribers to handle local or idiomatic expressions and culturally biased items to reach the maximum audience possible and facilitate translation.
A case for clustering speakers and linguistic variables
Authors: Meyerhoff Miriam , Klaere Steffen 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We undertake a detailed analysis of a sample of over 10,000 utterances from 18 speakers in a corpus of Bequia English and apply constrained cluster analysis to discern patterns that identify the linguistic signatures for different villages and to see how individuals pattern in relation to the rest of their village. The analysis of multiple variables provides a richer picture of both group and individual than any one variable does and holds promise for better understanding the mysterious mechanisms by which variation between individuals scales up to variation between groups.
Inter-individual variation among young children growing up in a bidialectal community
Authors: Francot R. J. , den Heuij K. Van , Blom E. , Heeringa W. , Cornips L. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study focuses on the relationship between dialect use and the acquisition of standard Dutch vocabulary by young children in the Dutch province of Limburg.1 The results of a newly-developed dialect expressive vocabulary task show extensive inter-individual variation that does not support a dichotomous distinction between monolingual and bidialectal children. The children’s dialect vocabulary scores are neither positively nor negatively associated with their results on a standardized receptive Dutch vocabulary task. Thus, the acquisition of a dialect does not hinder or facilitate the acquisition of standard Dutch vocabulary.
Syntactic doubling and variation
Authors: Tirard Aurore 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper analyses a case of syntactic doubling in Romani: the full doubling of the definite article in NPs including an adjective. This structure (dnda) is similar to the Greek polydefiniteness and displays the same grammatical optionality. A task was designed to trigger its use and submitted to Albanian Romani native speakers. The results show that an evolution in the nominal constituent order has taken place in contrastive contexts, whereby the community is still split into subgroups experiencing different patterns of language change. This doubling (dnda) has been used as a kind of bridge from the canonical word order (dan) to a new one (dna). Social factors show that this process has been favoured by contact with Albanian and/or Greek.
The Concept of ‘Worker’ in European Labour Law: Fragmentation, Autonomy and Scope
Authors: Kountouris Nicola 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article offers a critical analysis of the concept of ‘worker’ in European Labour Law as predominantly shaped by the CJEU on the basis of its jurisprudence in the area of free movement of workers. It suggests that, while nominally broad, this concept suffers from many of the strictures arising from the traditional binary divide between employment and self-employment on which it is essentially premised. Having analysed the residual fragmentation and legitimacy problems arising from a rather incomplete development of this area of EU law, the article advocates a broader concept of ‘worker’ shaped by reference to the fundamental rights language embraced by various regional and international labour and human rights mechanisms, including the Social Charter, the European Convention on Human Rights and the International Labour Organisation. The article concludes by identifying a number of possible reform options that may serve the purpose of establishing a suitably broad and autonomous concept of ‘worker’ for the purposes of EU labour law, and by offering a cursory analysis of some recent EU Pillar of Social Rights initiatives.
Meaningful Mediation Analysis: Plausible Causal Inference and Informative Communication
Authors: Pieters Rik 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Statistical mediation analysis has become the technique of choice in consumer research to make causal inferences about the influence of a treatment on an outcome via one or more mediators. This tutorial aims to strengthen two weak links that impede statistical mediation analysis from reaching its full potential. The first weak link is the path from mediator to outcome, which is a correlation. Six conditions are described that this correlation needs to meet in order to make plausible causal inferences: directionality, reliability, unconfoundedness, distinctiveness, power, and mediation. Recommendations are made to increase the plausibility of causal inferences based on statistical mediation analysis. Sweetspot analysis is proposed to establish whether an observed mediator-outcome correlation falls within the region of statistically meaningful correlations. The second weak link is the communication of mediation results. Four components of informative communication of mediation analysis are described: effect decomposition, effect size, difference testing, and data sharing. Recommendations are made to improve the communication of mediation analysis. A review of 166 recently published mediation analyses in the Journal of Consumer Research, a reanalysis of two published datasets, and Monte Carlo simulations support the conclusions and recommendations.
Novel Method of Measuring Canal Dehiscence and Evaluation of its Potential as a Predictor of Symptom Outcomes After Middle Fossa Craniotomy
Authors: Lagman Carlito , Beckett Joel S , Chung Lawrance K , Chen Cheng Hao Jacky , Voth Brittany L , Gaonkar Bilwaj , Gopen Quinton , Yang Isaac 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is an osseous defect of the arcuate eminence of the petrous temporal bone. Strategies for measuring dehiscence size are variable, and the usefulness of such parameters remains in clinical equipoise.

OBJECTIVE
To present a novel method of measuring dehiscence volume and to evaluate its potential as a predictor of symptom outcomes after surgical repair of SSCD.

METHODS
High-resolution computed tomographic temporal bone images were imported into a freely available segmentation software. Dehiscence lengths and volumes were ascertained by independent authors. Inter-rater observer reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to evaluate for relationships between dehiscence size and symptoms (pre- and post-operative).

RESULTS
Thirty-seven dehiscences were segmented using the novel volumetric assessment. Cronbach's alpha for dehiscence lengths and volumes were 0.97 and 0.95, respectively. Dehiscence lengths were more variable as compared to dehiscence volumes (σ2 8.92 vs σ2 0.55, F = 1.74). The mean dehiscence volume was 2.22 mm3 (0.74, 0.64-0.53 mm3). Dehiscence volume and headache at presentation were positively correlated (R
pb = 0.67, P = .03). Dehiscence volume and vertigo improvement after surgery were positively correlated, although this did not reach statistical significance (R
pb = 0.46, P = .21).

CONCLUSION
SSCD volumetry is a novel method of measuring dehiscence size that has excellent inter-rater reliability and is less variable compared to dehiscence length, but its potential as a predictor of symptom outcomes is not substantiated. However, the study is limited by low power.
Primary Drivers of Adult Cervical Deformity: Prevalence, Variations in Presentation, and Effect of Surgical Treatment Strategies on Early Postoperative Alignment
Authors: Passias Peter G , Jalai Cyrus M , Lafage Virginie , Lafage Renaud , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Ramchandran Subaraman , Horn Samantha R , Poorman Gregory W , Gupta Munish , Hart Robert A , Deviren Vedat , Soroceanu Alexandra , Smith Justin S , Schwab Frank , Shaffrey Christopher I , Ames Christopher P ,   International Spine Study Group (Littleton, Colorado)
Published: July 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Primary drivers (PDs) of adult cervical deformity (ACD) have not been described in relation to pre- and early postoperative alignment or degree of correction.

OBJECTIVE
To define the PDs of ACD to understand the impact of driver region on global postoperative compensatory mechanisms.

METHODS
Primary cervical deformity driver/vertebral apex level were determined: CS = cervical; CTJ = cervicothoracic junction; TH = thoracic; SP = spinopelvic. Patients were evaluated if surgery included PD apex, based on the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV): CS: LIV ≤ C7, CTJ: LIV ≤ T3, TH: LIV ≤ T12. Cervical and thoracolumbar alignment was measured preoperatively and 3 mo (3M) postoperatively. PD groups were compared with analysis of variance/Pearson χ2, paired t-tests.

RESULTS
Eighty-four ACD patients met inclusion criteria. Thoracic drivers (n = 26) showed greatest preoperative cervical and global malalignment against other PD: higher thoracic kyphosis, pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL), T1 slope C2-T3 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and C0-2 angle (P < .05). Differences in baseline-3M alignment changes were observed between surgical PD groups, in PI-LL, LL, T1 slope minus cervical lordosis (TS-CL), cervical SVA, C2-T3 SVA (P < .05). Main changes were between TH and CS driver groups: TH patients had greater PI-LL (4.47° vs −0.87°, P = .049), TS-CL (−19.12° vs −4.30, P = .050), C2-C7 SVA (−18.12 vs −4.30 mm, P = .007), and C2-T3 SVA (−24.76 vs 8.50 mm, P = .002) baseline-3M correction. CTJ drivers trended toward greater LL correction compared to CS drivers (−6.00° vs 0.88°, P = .050). Patients operated at CS driver level had a difference in the prevalence of 3M TS-CL modifier grades (0 = 35.7%, 1 = 0.0%, 2 = 13.3%, P = .030). There was a significant difference in 3M chin-brow vertical angle modifier grade distribution in TH drivers (0 = 0.0%, 1 = 35.9%, 2 = 14.3%, P = .049).

CONCLUSION
Characterizing ACD patients by PD type reveals differences in pre- and postoperative alignment. Evaluating surgical alignment outcomes based on PD inclusion is important in understanding alignment goals for ACD correction.
Sparse recovery: from vectors to tensors
Authors: Wang Yao , Meng Deyu , Yuan Ming 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecent advances in various fields such as telecommunications, biomedicine and economics, among others, have created enormous amount of data that are often characterized by their huge size and high dimensionality. It has become evident, from research in the past couple of decades, that sparsity is a flexible and powerful notion when dealing with these data, both from empirical and theoretical viewpoints. In this survey, we review some of the most popular techniques to exploit sparsity, for analyzing high-dimensional vectors, matrices and higher-order tensors.
Extended Second Window of Protection of Sevoflurane-induced Preconditioning
Authors: Behmenburg Friederike , Boekholt Yvonne , van Caster Patrick , Dorsch Marianne , Heinen André , Hollmann Markus W. , Huhn Ragnar 
Published: July 2017

Abstract:
Late preconditioning (LPC) can be induced by volatile anesthetics and initiates cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury for 3–4 days. We investigated the possibility to extend the time window of sevoflurane-induced LPC by repeated sevoflurane administration. An in vivo rat model of regional myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury was used. Myocardial infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining at the end of the experiment. In the first series of experiments, male Wistar rats were randomized to 5 groups (each n = 8). Control animals were not treated further. Animals in the preconditioning groups inhaled sevoflurane for 60 minutes (1 MAC) 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively, before myocardial ischemia. Based on the findings of the first experimental series, another 6 groups of animals were investigated. Again, control animals were left untreated; all other animals received a second sevoflurane stimulus 72 hours after the first sevoflurane treatment, and myocardial ischemia was induced 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively, after the second sevoflurane treatment to investigate, whether the cardioprotective effect could be extended. Sevoflurane reduced infarct size after 24, 48, and 72 hours (each P < 0.05 vs. control) but not after 96 hours. The repeated administration of sevoflurane 72 hours after the first stimulus extended the time window of protection for additional 72 hours (each P < 0.05 vs. control). There was no myocardial protection 4 days after the second preconditioning stimulus. The time window of sevoflurane-induced LPC can be extended by an additional sevoflurane stimulus up to 72 hours after the initial sevoflurane exposure.
Lightheadedness After Concussion: Not All Dizziness is Vertigo
Authors: Heyer Geoffrey L. , Young Julie A. , Fischer Anastasia N. 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
To characterize the presence and degree of postconcussion lightheadedness in relation to postconcussion vertigo and dizziness, and to determine whether lightheadedness influences overall symptom duration.

Design:
Prospective, cohort design.

Setting:
Nationwide Children's Hospital, Sports Concussion Clinic.

Participants:
Five hundred ten patients (9-19 years of age) within 30 days of concussion injury.

Main Outcome Measures:
Patient ratings (scale 0-6) of multiple postconcussion symptoms including lightheadedness, vertigo, and dizziness, reported from the day of clinic evaluation and recalled from the day of concussion.

Results:
Postconcussion lightheadedness occurred commonly relative to vertigo. Lightheadedness was recalled more than vertigo (70.8% vs 48.6%, P < 0.001) on concussion day and reported more than vertigo (47.1% vs 24.1%, P < 0.001) on the day of clinic evaluation. Principal component analysis demonstrated strong correlations among lightheadedness, vertigo, balance difficulties, difficulty concentrating, mental fogginess, and difficulty remembering, relative to other postconcussion symptoms. When present on the day of clinic evaluation, these highly correlated symptoms predicted prolonged concussion recovery [P = 0.028; Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.2]. Female sex (P = 0.04; HR = 1.23), emotional symptoms recalled from the day of concussion (P = 0.007; HR = 1.23), and cephalalgic symptoms (P < 0.001; HR = 1.34) reported on the day of clinic evaluation also predicted prolonged concussion recovery.

Conclusions:
Not all postconcussion dizziness is vertigo. Postconcussion lightheadedness is common and, when present at the time of clinic evaluation, can influence concussion recovery.

Clinical Relevance:
Distinguishing postconcussion lightheadedness from vertigo may help to inform clinical treatment and concussion research design. This study adds to the growing body of evidence that supports an association between concussion and autonomic dysfunction.