bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iodine-125 Brachytherapy Prophylaxis after Radiofrequency Ablation Cannot Benefit Patients in High Risk of Locoregional Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence
Authors: Tu Jian-Fei , Ding Ya-Hui , Chen Li , Ying Xi-Hui , Zhang Deng-Ke , Wu Fa-Zong , Zhao Zhong-Wei , Ji Jian-Song , Zhang Wang-Gang , Zou Hai 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study evaluated if iodine-125 brachytherapy prophylaxis after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) prolongs time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) of patients in high risk of locoregional hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence. 116 patients with total tumor necrosis after RFA were divided into iodine-125 brachytherapy prophylaxis treatment group and control group. The primary endpoint was TTR, and secondary endpoints were OS and treatment-related adverse events. There were no significant differences among the baseline characteristics of two subgroups patients. The mean iodine-125 particles were 29.8 (26.59 ± 12.51 mCi) per patient. The mean follow-up was 25 months, and mean TTR of treatment and control groups were 21.7 and 15.9 months (P = 0.733); mean OS of two subgroups were 41.7 and 40.9 months (P = 0.316). There were no significant differences of 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-and 5-years TTR and OS and patients’ immunity pre- and 1 month post-treatment. Extrahepatic metastasis was found to have a statistically significant influence on TTR, and AFP, extrahepatic metastasis were found to have a statistically significant influence on OS by multivariate analysis. There was no major complications and procedure related death. Iodine-125 brachytherapy prophylaxis after RFA can’t improve TTR and OS of HCC patients who were in high risk of locoregional tumor recurrence.
LNA/DNA mixmer-based antisense oligonucleotides correct alternative splicing of the SMN2 gene and restore SMN protein expression in type 1 SMA fibroblasts
Authors: Touznik Aleksander , Maruyama Rika , Hosoki Kana , Echigoya Yusuke , Yokota Toshifumi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting motor neurons, and is currently the most frequent genetic cause of infant mortality. SMA is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. SMN2 is an SMN1 paralogue, but cannot compensate for the loss of SMN1 since exon 7 in SMN2 mRNA is excluded (spliced out) due to a single C-to-T nucleotide transition in the exon 7. One of the most promising strategies to treat SMA is antisense oligonucleotide (AON)-mediated therapy. AONs are utilized to block intronic splicing silencer number 1 (ISS-N1) on intron 7 of SMN2, which causes exon 7 inclusion of the mRNA and the recovery of the expression of functional SMN protein from the endogenous SMN2 gene. We developed novel locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based antisense oligonucleotides (LNA/DNA mixmers), which efficiently induce exon 7 inclusion in SMN2 and restore the SMN protein production in SMA patient fibroblasts. The mixmers are highly specific to the targeted sequence, and showed significantly higher efficacy than an all-LNA oligonucleotide with the equivalent sequence. These data suggest that use of LNA/DNA mixmer-based AONs may be an attractive therapeutic strategy to treat SMA.
Chronic high fat feeding restricts islet mRNA translation initiation independently of ER stress via DNA damage and p53 activation
Authors: Hatanaka Masayuki , Anderson-Baucum Emily , Lakhter Alexander , Kono Tatsuyoshi , Maier Bernhard , Tersey Sarah A. , Tanizawa Yukio , Evans-Molina Carmella , Mirmira Raghavendra G. , Sims Emily K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUnder conditions of high fat diet (HFD) consumption, glucose dyshomeostasis develops when β-cells are unable to adapt to peripheral insulin demands. Few studies have interrogated the molecular mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction at the level of mRNA translation under such conditions. We sought to address this issue through polyribosome profile analysis of islets from mice fed 16-weeks of 42% HFD. HFD-islet analysis revealed clear trends toward global reductions in mRNA translation with a significant reduction in the polyribosome/monoribosome ratio forPdx1mRNA. Transcriptional and translational analyses revealed endoplasmic reticulum stress was not the etiology of our findings. HFD-islets demonstrated evidence of oxidative stress and DNA damage, as well as activation of p53. Experiments in MIN-6 β-cells revealed that treatment with doxorubicin to directly induce DNA damage mimicked our observed effects in islets. Islets from animals treated with pioglitazone concurrently with HFD demonstrated a reversal of effects observed from HFD alone. Finally, HFD-islets demonstrated reduced expression of multiple ribosome biogenesis genes and the key translation initiation factor eIF4E. We propose a heretofore unappreciated effect of chronic HFD on β-cells, wherein continued DNA damage owing to persistent oxidative stress results in p53 activation and a resultant inhibition of mRNA translation.
Machine learning workflow to enhance predictions of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) through drug-gene interactions: application to drugs for cutaneous diseases
Authors: Raja Kalpana , Patrick Matthew , Elder James T. , Tsoi Lam C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) pose critical public health issues, affecting over 6% of hospitalized patients. While knowledge of potential drug-drug interactions (DDI) is necessary to prevent ADR, the rapid pace of drug discovery makes it challenging to maintain a strong insight into DDIs. In this study, we present a novel literature-mining framework for enhancing the predictions of DDIs and ADR types by integrating drug-gene interactions (DGIs). The ADR types were adapted from a DDI corpus, including i) adverse effect; ii) effect at molecular level; iii) effect related to pharmacokinetics; and iv) DDIs without known ADRs. By using random forest classifier our approach achieves an F-score of 0.87 across the ADRs classification using only the DDI features. We then enhanced the performance of the classifier by including DGIs (F-score = 0.90), and applied the classification model trained with the DDI corpus to identify the drugs that might interact with the drugs for cutaneous diseases. We successfully predict previously known ADRs for drugs prescribed to cutaneous diseases, and are also able to identify promising new ADRs.
Dynamical amplification of magnetoresistances and Hall currents up to the THz regime
Authors: Guimarães Filipe S. M. , dos Santos Dias Manuel , Bouaziz Juba , Costa Antonio T. , Muniz Roberto B. , Lounis Samir 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSpin-orbit-related effects offer a highly promising route for reading and writing information in magnetic units of future devices. These phenomena rely not only on the static magnetization orientation but also on its dynamics to achieve fast switchings that can reach the THz range. In this work, we consider Co/Pt and Fe/W bilayers to show that accounting for the phase difference between different processes is crucial to the correct description of the dynamical currents. By tuning each system towards its ferromagnetic resonance, we reveal that dynamical spin Hall angles can non-trivially change sign and be boosted by over 500%, reaching giant values. We demonstrate that charge and spin pumping mechanisms can greatly magnify or dwindle the currents flowing through the system, influencing all kinds of magnetoresistive and Hall effects, thus impacting also dc and second harmonic experimental measurements.
Chemosensory sensitivity reflects reproductive status in the ant Harpegnathos saltator
Authors: Ghaninia Majid , Haight Kevin , Berger Shelley L. , Reinberg Danny , Zwiebel Laurence J. , Ray Anandasankar , Liebig Jürgen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInsects communicate with pheromones using sensitive antennal sensilla. Although trace amounts of pheromones can be detected by many insects, context-dependent increased costs of high sensitivity might lead to plasticity in sensillum responsiveness. We have functionally characterized basiconic sensilla of the ant Harpegnathos saltator for responses to general odors in comparison to cuticular hydrocarbons which can act as fertility signals emitted by the principal reproductive(s) of a colony to inhibit reproduction by worker colony members. When released from inhibition workers may become reproductive gamergates. We observed plasticity in olfactory sensitivity after transition to reproductive status with significant reductions in electrophysiological responses to several long-chained cuticular hydrocarbons. Although gamergates lived on average five times longer than non-reproductive workers, the shift to reproductive status rather than age differences matched the pattern of changes in olfactory sensitivity. Decreasing sensillum responsiveness to cuticular hydrocarbons could potentially reduce mutually inhibitory or self-inhibitory effects on gamergate reproduction.
Bovine antibodies targeting primary and recurrent Clostridium difficile disease are a potent antibiotic alternative
Authors: Hutton Melanie L. , Cunningham Bliss A. , Mackin Kate E. , Lyon Shelley A. , James Meagan L. , Rood Julian I. , Lyras Dena 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe increased incidence of antibiotic resistant ‘superbugs’ has amplified the use of broad spectrum antibiotics worldwide. An unintended consequence of antimicrobial treatment is disruption of the gastrointestinal microbiota, resulting in susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens, such as Clostridium difficile. Paradoxically, treatment of C. difficile infections (CDI) also involves antibiotic use, leaving patients susceptible to re-infection. This serious health threat has led to an urgent call for the development of new therapeutics to reduce or replace the use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. To address this need, we have developed colostrum-derived antibodies for the prevention and treatment of CDI. Pregnant cows were immunised to generate hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC) containing antibodies that target essential C. difficile virulence components, specifically, spores, vegetative cells and toxin B (TcdB). Mouse infection and relapse models were used to compare the capacity of HBC to prevent or treat primary CDI as well as prevent recurrence. Administration of TcdB-specific colostrum alone, or in combination with spore or vegetative cell-targeted colostrum, prevents and treats C. difficile disease in mice and reduces disease recurrence by 67%. C. difficile-specific colostrum should be re-considered as an immunotherapeutic for the prevention or treatment of primary or recurrent CDI.
Multiplexed Spliced-Leader Sequencing: A high-throughput, selective method for RNA-seq in Trypanosomatids
Authors: Cuypers Bart , Domagalska Malgorzata A. , Meysman Pieter , Muylder Géraldine de , Vanaerschot Manu , Imamura Hideo , Dumetz Franck , Verdonckt Thomas Wolf , Myler Peter J. , Ramasamy Gowthaman , Laukens Kris , Dujardin Jean-Claude 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHigh throughput sequencing techniques are poorly adapted for in vivo studies of parasites, which require prior in vitro culturing and purification. Trypanosomatids, a group of kinetoplastid protozoans, possess a distinctive feature in their transcriptional mechanism whereby a specific Spliced Leader (SL) sequence is added to the 5′end of each mRNA by trans-splicing. This allows to discriminate Trypansomatid RNA from mammalian RNA and forms the basis of our new multiplexed protocol for high-throughput, selective RNA-sequencing called SL-seq. We provided a proof-of-concept of SL-seq in Leishmania donovani, the main causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in humans, and successfully applied the method to sequence Leishmania mRNA directly from infected macrophages and from highly diluted mixes with human RNA. mRNA profiles obtained with SL-seq corresponded largely to those obtained from conventional poly-A tail purification methods, indicating both enumerate the same mRNA pool. However, SL-seq offers additional advantages, including lower sequencing depth requirements, fast and simple library prep and high resolution splice site detection. SL-seq is therefore ideal for fast and massive parallel sequencing of parasite transcriptomes directly from host tissues. Since SLs are also present in Nematodes, Cnidaria and primitive chordates, this method could also have high potential for transcriptomics studies in other organisms.
Inhibition of Calpains Protects Mn-Induced Neurotransmitter release disorders in Synaptosomes from Mice: Involvement of SNARE Complex and Synaptic Vesicle Fusion
Authors: Wang Can , Xu Bin , Ma Zhuo , Liu Chang , Deng Yu , Liu Wei , Xu Zhao-Fa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOverexposure to manganese (Mn) could disrupt neurotransmitter release via influencing the formation of SNARE complex, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. A previous study demonstrated that SNAP-25 is one of substrate of calpains. The current study investigated whether calpains were involved in Mn-induced disorder of SNARE complex. After mice were treated with Mn for 24 days, Mn deposition increased significantly in basal nuclei in Mn-treated and calpeptin pre-treated groups. Behaviorally, less time spent in the center of the area and decreased average velocity significantly in an open field test after 24 days of Mn exposure. With the increase in MnCl2 dosage, intracellular Ca2+ increased significantly, but pretreatment with calpeptin caused a dose-dependent decrease in calpains activity. There were fragments of N-terminal of SNAP-25 protein appearance in Mn-treated groups, but it is decreased with pretreatment of calpeptin. FM1-43-labeled synaptic vesicles also provided evidence that the treatment with Mn resulted in increasing first and then decreasing, which was consistent with Glu release and the 80 kDa protein levels of SNARE complexes. In summary, Mn induced the disorder of neurotransmitter release through influencing the formation of SNARE complex via cleaving SNAP-25 by overactivation of calpains in vivo.
Psychosocial and Aesthetic Advantages of Reconstruction after Prophylactic Mastectomy: A Quality of Life and Aesthetic Analysis
Authors: Manahan Michele , Baltodano Pablo , Reinhardt Myrna , Xie Li , Muste Justin , Tajamal Rehan , Mohan Raja , Flores José , Drogt Carolyn , Cooney Carisa , Rosson Gedge 
Published: June 2017

Background Proper patient counseling regarding reconstruction after prophylactic mastectomy (PM) requires greater understanding of quality of life (QoL) and aesthetic outcomes. Our study evaluates these end points using the validated BREAST-Q and Garbay system.
Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of 1,254 mastectomy patients (July 2008 through July 2012). Of those with completed preoperative BREAST-Q and reconstruction with a minimum of 6-month follow-up, 18 underwent bilateral PM (BPM), 36 underwent contralateral PM (CPM), and 30 matched controls were selected who underwent unilateral therapeutic mastectomy (TM) with contralateral symmetry procedure. Preoperative and 6-month postreconstruction BREAST-Q scores were compared within and between groups. Subsequently, aesthetic evaluation of 21 of a group of randomly selected reconstructions (7 TM, 7 CPM, and 7 BPM) was performed by 14 plastic surgery researchers. Potential correlations between aesthetic evaluations and QoL outcomes were examined.
Results Demographic characteristics, preoperative satisfaction scores, and postoperative morbidity rates were similar among all three groups. Although reconstruction after BPM was associated with improved aesthetic outcomes (p < 0.001), a significant postoperative increase in satisfaction with breasts was noted only in the TM group (p = 0.006). CPM was associated with improved psychosocial well-being (p = 0.039) in our study. No further significant differences were noted.
Conclusion Although BPM with reconstruction is associated with higher aesthetic outcomes compared with CPM or TM, QoL is not significantly increased. Reconstruction after CPM, but not BPM, is associated with increased psychosocial well-being. These valuable findings should be taken into account during preoperative counseling regarding elective PMs.
Women with Symptomatic Preterm Birth Have a Distinct Cervicovaginal Metabolome
Authors: Anglim Laura , Romero Julie , Brown Amy , Elovitz Michal , Ghartey Jeny 
Published: June 2017

Objective The objective was to determine if women with symptoms of preterm labor who ultimately have a spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) have a distinct cervicovaginal (CV) metabolome compared with women who deliver at term.
Study Design A nested case–control study of women presenting with symptoms of preterm labor was performed. CV fluid was collected from women between 22 and 336/7 weeks' gestation. The CV metabolome was compared between women with sPTB (n = 20) and women who delivered at term (n = 30). Global biochemical profiles were determined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Welch's two-sample t-test was used to identify metabolites that differed significantly. Level of significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05.
Results Eighty-eight percent of women were African-American and none had a prior history of sPTB. A total of 301 metabolites were identified in CV fluid. Thirty metabolites were significantly different in women with preterm birth compared with term birth. Two metabolites (mannitol and methyl phosphate) were significantly upregulated, and the remaining 28 metabolites were significantly downregulated and consisted of medium chain-fatty acids and collagen degradation markers.
Conclusion The CV metabolome is significantly altered among women who present with preterm labor symptoms and ultimately have a sPTB.
Identifikation typischer Bewegungskontexte von Kindern als Ansatzpunkt für die
Bewegungsförderung
Authors: Wirsik N. , Sprengeler O. , Brandes M. , Pohlabeln H. 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungZur Prävention kindlichen Übergewichts ist es wichtig, typische Bewegungskontexte von Kindern zu
identifizieren, um so optimale Ansatzpunkte zur Bewegungsförderung zu ermitteln. Das im Folgenden
vorgestellte Projekt kombiniert dazu subjektive und objektive Messungen der körperlichen Aktivität von 2-
bis 10-jährigen Kindern aus der europaweiten IDEFICS-Studie. Die objektive Messung körperlicher Aktivität
erfolgte für N = 9980 Kinder mit Akzelerometern. Es wird hier ein Verfahren beschrieben, mit dem
Informationen aus Bewegungstagebüchern zu Nichttragezeiten berücksichtigt werden können, um so die
Akzelerometerdaten anzureichern und damit insgesamt die Beschreibung des kindlichen Bewegungsverhaltens
zu verbessern.
Umgang und Aufbereitung semikritischer Medizinprodukte in der HNO – eine prospektive Studie
Authors: Hülse Roland , Wenzel Angela , Sommer J. Ulrich , Hülse Manfred , Hörmann Karl 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungZahlreiche Gesetze, Vorgaben, Richtlinien und Empfehlungen regeln und beeinflussen den Umgang und die Aufbereitung semikritischer
Medizinprodukte in der HNO. Obwohl als vorrangig zu verwenden charakterisiert, wird nach wie vor in den meisten HNO-Kliniken und Praxen aus
Kosten- und Praktikabilitätsgründen die manuelle der maschinellen Aufbereitung vorgezogen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein optimiertes
Hygienekonzept erstellt. Es fand eine Bedarfsanalyse starrer Endoskope und des HNO-Instrumentariums bei ausschließlich maschineller
Aufbereitung statt. Erstmals wurden zudem patientenferne Tätigkeiten im Rahmen der Patientenuntersuchung zeitlich untersucht. Im Ergebnis
zeigt sich, dass patientenferne Tätigkeiten im Umgang mit dem HNO-Instrumentarium einen erheblichen Zeit- und damit auch Kostenfaktor in der
Patientenversorgung darstellen. Die nötigen Investitionen für eine rein maschinelle Aufbereitung des Instrumentariums und ins Besondere
starrer Endoskope sind erheblich, da die Durchlaufzeit und damit die Anzahl an vorzuhaltenden Endoskopen sehr hoch ist.
Irony performance and perception
Authors: Colston Herbert L. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Differing notions of things labeled as “irony”, and issues concerning their relative unity versus disunity are discussed. Accounts of verbal and situational irony in particular are considered as sharing the oft-mentioned but rarely agreed-upon form of contradiction that seems to potentially underlie all types of irony. This notion of contradiction is widened under the newly introduced umbrella term, “conjoined antonymy”, whereby contra-indicatedness is enhanced by the blatant and undeniable juxtaposition of the contradicting portions in ironic structures. Future directions for research exploring the variety if ironies and their commonality (and nuanced differences) are also proposed.
In defense of an ecumenical approach to irony
Authors: Willison Robert 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The term “irony” has such a broad and apparently diverse range of application that it’s difficult for researchers to coordinate on a single, operational concept of their target of investigation, suitable for designing and interpreting experiments aimed at uncovering irony’s nature. Restrictive strategies for addressing this difficulty advocate restricting the target of empirical irony studies to some scientifically tractable subset of the phenomena “irony” picks out in ordinary language. Ecumenical approaches, in contrast, retain the ambition to account for “irony” across its apparently diverse range of usage. In this paper, I highlight the limitations of the best developed restrictivist approaches, throwing into relief the potential value of ecumenical strategies still in early stages of development.
Irony has a metonymic basis
Authors: Athanasiadou Angeliki 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Irony often cooperates with many other figures like metonymy, metaphor, hyperbole, simile. Metonymy, is argued, constitutes the basis for irony. To this effect, two frequent types of constructions that exhibit irony are studied. The particular constructions that encourage and activate irony are the adjective-noun pair and the like-construction. In the former case, ironic evaluation is expressed by means of opposing scripts while in the latter, ironic evaluation is expressed by means of comparison where dissimilarity is evoked. In both cases, figuration is evoked by constructional aspects as well. Metonymy is the conceptual process which provides the foundation onto which irony, too, is built. It is highly responsible for the production and interpretation of ironic constructions.
Defaultness shines while affirmation pales
Authors: Giora Rachel , Meytes Dalia , Tamir Ariela , Givoni Shir , Heruti Vered , Fein Ofer 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The Defaultness Hypothesis (Giora et al., 2015c) maintains that it is Defaultness that reigns supreme, superseding all factors known to affect processing initially, such as degree of Non/literalness, Nonsalience, Context strength, or Affirmation. Here we focus on weighing degree of Defaultness against degree of Affirmation. We show that, as predicted, processing default, salient responses to familiar Negatives is faster than processing nondefault, low-salience responses to less-familiar Affirmative counterparts. We further show that, despite benefitting from equally strong contextual support, default nonsalient Negative Sarcasm is processed faster than nondefault nonsalient Affirmative Sarcasm.1 Using linguistic and pictorial contexts, we also demonstrate that it is Defaultness that accounts for Nondefaultness’ appeal, rendering it optimally innovative and hence pleasing. It is Defaultness, then, that singlehandedly affects both processing speed as well as likability.