bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programmable Intelligent DNA Nanoreactors (iDNRs) for in vivo Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Shen Ying , Cai Rongkai , Wu Liang , Han Kun , Yang Yu , Mao Dongsheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the rapid advancement of DNA technology, intelligent DNA nanoreactors (iDNRs) have emerged as sophisticated tools that harness the structural versatility and programmability of DNA. Due to their structural and functional programmability, iDNRs play an important and unique role in in vivo tumor diagnosis and therapy. This review provides an overview of the structural design methods for iDNRs based on advanced DNA technology, including enzymatic reaction‐mediated and enzyme‐free strategies. This review also focuses on how iDNRs achieve intelligence through functional design, as well as the applications of iDNRs for in vivo tumor diagnosis and therapy. In summary, this review summarizes current advances in iDNRs technology, discusses existing challenges, and proposes future directions for expanding their applications, which are expected to provide insights into the development of the field of in vivo tumor diagnostics and targeted therapies.
Green Conversion of Epoxides to Cyclic Carbonates by Copper Nanocrystals Fabricated on Jute Tartaric Acid Composite Surface
Authors: Barman Sankar , Ghosh Sushobhan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of copper nanocrystals on tartaric acid jute composite surface is reported. The formation of nanocrystals is detected by FT IR, Powder X‐ray diffraction, SEM, and TEM analysis. The average size of the nanocrystals is found to be 500 nm. The reaction of the copper nanocrystals with CO2 resulted in a decrease in the size of the nanoparticles. Cycloaddition reaction of epoxides to cyclic carbonate is efficiently carried out by the copper nanocrystals on tartaric acid jute composite surface (CUNPJT) without using any cocatalyst and solvent. To the best of author's knowledge, this is the first example of copper nanocrystals catalyzing the cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxide.
Polyoxometalates@Metal–Organic Frameworks: Synthesis Strategies, Nanostructure Modulation and Application in Biomass Conversion
Authors: Yan Kai , Yu Zhihao , Wang Yuanyu , Guo Mengyan , Xiong Jian , Zhang Rui , Li Xiaoyun , Lu Xuebin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBiomass is a rich and renewable source of carbon, and its rational and effective utilization is important for achieving green and sustainable carbon neutrality. POMs@MOFs composites have outstanding catalytic advantages in biomass catalysis due to their abundant and adjustable catalytic active sites as well as excellent acid catalytic activity. This review covers the current development of POMs@MOFs composites in biomass catalysis. Firstly, the current mainstream synthesis strategies of POMs@MOFs, including one‐step in situ synthesis methods as well as post‐loading methods, are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are analyzed. In addition, the nanostructure modulation strategies of POMs@MOFs composites, including the design of geometrical structures, the selection of active sites and the modulation of surface properties, are highlighted. For the biomass valorization over POMs@MOFs composites, the application in the catalytic conversion of biomass‐derived polysaccharides, monosaccharides, furan compounds, organic acids, ketones, and esters acids is highlighted. Finally, the future prospects and challenges for the development of POMs@MOFs composites in biomass catalysis are presented.
Phase Effects in Zirconia Catalysed Glucose Conversion to 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)furfural
Authors: Liu Yang , Forster Luke , Mavridis Aristarchos , Merenda Andrea , Ahmed Mohamed , D'Agostino Carmine , Konarova Muxina , Seeber Aaron , Della Gaspera Enrico , Lee Adam F. , Wilson Karen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) is a key biomass derived platform chemical used to produce fuel precursors or additives and value‐added chemicals, synthesised by the cascade isomerisation of glucose and subsequent dehydration of reactively formed fructose to HMF over Lewis and Bronsted acid catalysts, respectively. Zirconia is a promising catalyst for such reactions; however, the impact of acid properties of different zirconia phases is poorly understood. In this work, we unravel the role of the zirconia crystalline phase in glucose isomerisation and fructose dehydration to HMF. The Lewis acidic monoclinic phase of zirconia is revealed to preferentially facilitate glucose isomerisation, while the nanoparticulate tetragonal phase possesses Brønsted acid sites which favour fructose dehydration. Synergy between both zirconia phases facilitates cascade HMF production, with both catalysts investigated as physical mixtures in batch and flow reactor configurations. Using a physical mixture of only 15 wt % m‐ZrO2 with 85 wt % t‐ZrO2 in either batch or packed bed reactor configuration is sufficient to reach equilibrium conversion of glucose for subsequent dehydration by the t‐ZrO2 component. Under continuous flow, a six‐fold increase in HMF production was obtained when operating with a physical mixture of m‐ and t‐ZrO2 compared to that from a single bed of t‐ZrO2.
Bi‐Functional Interfacial Modification Enables Highly‐Exposed Zn(002) Crystal Facet Towards Durable Zn Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Jingyi , Zeng Li , Luo Dan , Du Dayue , Yu Huaibo , He Hanna , Zhang Chuhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractZn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered growing interest in large‐scale energy storage devices for the high safety, high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. Nevertheless, their widespread applications are significantly impeded by dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution and corrosion reactions of Zn anodes. Herein, a bi‐functional polyacrylic acid (PAA) modified‐Zn anode (Zn‐PAA) is designed to concurrently inhibit Zn dendrite formation and alleviate side reactions for durable ZIBs. The bi‐functional PAA coating not only selectively acid‐etches the active Zn crystal facets to guide the planar deposition along the highly‐exposed Zn(002) crystal facet, but also facilitate uniform Zn deposition through coordination between the polymer functional groups and Zn2+. Meanwhile, the electrically‐insulated PAA protective layer effectively separates Zn anodes from the electrolyte and modulates the solvation structure of Zn2+.6H2O, significantly suppressing side reactions. Consequently, the assembled Zn‐PAA//Zn‐PAA symmetrical cell delivers an outstanding cycling stability of 1600 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. The assembled KVO//Zn‐PAA full cell shows exceptional cycling stability over 1500 cycles at 2.0 A g−1 with a high Coulombic efficiency approaching 100 %. The facile bi‐functional surface modification strategy, which enables to finely tune the crystal facet texture and ion distribution manner, opens up a groundbreaking path towards safe and durable ZIBs.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of β‐Sulfenylated Ketones and Esters
Authors: Hanek Kamil , Duch Agata , Frąckowiak Dawid , Żak Patrycja 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor the first time, ball milling has been employed in the solvent‐free synthesis of sulfur‐functionalized materials from thiols and α,β‐unsaturated ketones and esters, using potassium carbonate as a transition metal‐free catalyst. This environmentally friendly protocol makes use of easily accessible reagents to prepare thirty β‐sulfenylated carbonyl compounds with yields exceeding 91 % under ambient air and solvent‐free conditions. Additionally, this innovative synthetic strategy enables the modification of chalcones, compounds with significant medicinal and synthetic potential. The reactions are efficient and easily scalable to gram quantities, offering substantial benefits for practical applications.
A Survey of Phase Shifters for Microwave Phased Array Systems
Authors: Kebe M. , Yagoub M. C. E. , Amaya R. E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPhased Array Systems (PASs) are extensively used in radar and telecommunication systems for diverse applications, including military surveillance and wireless broadband communication. Besides, they are becoming increasingly indispensable in modern applications such as multi‐function phased array radars for weather monitoring and aircraft tracking or high‐throughput satellite systems, which aim to provide fast broadband connectivity in remote areas. Despite the numerous advantages of phased array systems with RF phase shift, including high signal‐to‐noise and signal‐to‐interference ratios, as well as low complexity, they present a few limitations, including high cost and large chip areas. The cost and size of PASs are mainly dependent on the RF phase shifters, which are essential to their operation. This article describes the different types of phase shifters (mechanical, ferromagnetic/magnetic, electromechanical, and electronic). It compares their performance metrics, highlighting that electronic phase shifters are the most common type used in modern PASs. In this regard, a comparative study of different subcategories of electronic phase shifters, such as the switched‐type, reflective‐type, loaded‐transmission line, and vector‐sum phase shifters, are explored along with their advantages, drawbacks and state‐of‐art techniques used to address their limitations. Therefore, this article may serve as a reference for research milestones on RF phase shifters.
VCII‐Based Immittance Simulators: Generalized Parallel Configurations
Authors: Shrivastava Meghana , Bhaskar Data Ram , Kumar Pragati 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, four new generalized configurations of grounded parallel‐type immittance simulators are proposed. These circuits implement parallel resistor–inductor (RL), parallel resistor–capacitor (RC), parallel capacitor–frequency‐dependent negative resistance (CD), and capacitance multiplier configurations utilizing only two second‐generation voltage conveyors (VCII±) as active elements along with three impedances, without the need for specific matching conditions. The applicability of the proposed parallel RL and capacitance multiplier configurations as a second‐order high‐pass filter (HPF) and a first‐order low‐pass filter (LPF), respectively, is also demonstrated. These applications illustrate the versatility and utility of the proposed structures. Frequency, transient, and Monte Carlo analysis utilizing the CMOS VCII± in the SPICE simulation tool have also been performed to validate the feasibility of the presented circuits. Further validation is carried out through layout design in Cadence Virtuoso, employing 0.18‐μm CMOS technology. Both presimulation and postsimulation results are presented for a thorough assessment of the proposed circuits. Also, the claimed theory is verified by experimental results based on the VCII implementation with commercially available IC AD844.
Early Adversity Affects Cerebellar Structure and Function—A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies
Authors: Mundorf Annakarina , Merklein Sarah A. , Rice Laura C. , Desmond John E. , Peterburs Jutta 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRecent research has highlighted cerebellar involvement in cognition and several psychiatric conditions such as mood and anxiety disorders and schizophrenia. Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder have been linked to reduced cerebellar volume as well. Cerebellar alterations are frequently present after early adversity in humans and animals, but a systematic integration of results is lacking. To this end, a systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases using the keywords “early adversity OR early life stress” AND “cerebellum OR cerebellar.” A total of 45 publications met the inclusion criteria: 25 studies investigated human subjects and 20 reported results from animal models. Findings in healthy subjects show bilateral volume reduction and decreased functional connectivity within the cerebellum and between the cerebellum and frontal regions after adversity throughout life, especially when adversity was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. In clinical populations, adults demonstrate increased cerebellar volume and functional connectivity after adversity, whereas pediatric patients show reduced cerebellar volume. Animal findings reveal cerebellar alterations without necessarily co‐occurring pathological behavior, highlighting alterations in stress hormone receptor levels, cell density, and neuroinflammation markers. Cerebellar alterations after early adversity are robust findings across human and animal studies and occur independent of clinical symptoms.
Seascape Genetics and Distinct Intraspecific Diversification of the Decapod Nephrops norvegicus in the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Mašanović Marina , Žuvić Luka , Žužul Iva , Talijančić Igor , Šegvić‐Bubić Tanja 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNorway lobster Nephrops norvegicus, a prized decapod crustacean species, is found at different depths across the East Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Despite management efforts, the stocks are globally characterised as overexploited. In the present study, the impact of biogeographical boundaries on the phylogeographical and demographic population status was investigated within the Adriatic Sea, addressing important genetic indices for decapod functional conservation management. Central Mediterranean, Adriatic Sea A total of 482 individuals of Nephrops divided into the 12 samples were collected across biogeographical range of the Adriatic Sea. Using the mtDNA D‐loop and microsatellite markers, methods of phylogeography and seascape genetics were applied to infer offshore versus coastal population divergence, demography and structure. Significant findings include genetic differentiation between offshore and coastal samples, with higher diversity indices in open waters. The limited gene flow observed between these two areas emphasises the self‐sustained nature of coastal populations. Recent demographic changes in coastal populations reflect geographical constraints, fishing pressures and fluctuations in self‐recruitment success. Additionally, the study reveals historical biogeographic events shaping the Adriatic populations, with evidence suggesting lineage divergence during the upper Pleistocene and postglacial recolonisation from southern Adriatic refugia. The role of biogeographical conditions in shaping genetic structure and limited gene flow between inshore and offshore areas underscore the need for improved management strategies, emphasising the importance of marine protected areas in conserving coastal populations and maintaining overall genetic diversity of the Norway lobster in the Adriatic Sea. Genomic monitoring within current management practices is recommended.
Trade‐Offs Between Forage Availability, Accessibility, and Predation Risk on Winter Foraging Strategies of Wood Bison (Bison bison athabascae)
Authors: Rawleigh Garrett J. , Edwards Mark A. , Epperson Darren , Nielsen Scott E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTOptimal foraging theory (OFT) and the energy maximization hypothesis (EMH) have long been essential when examining wildlife habitat selection. At high latitudes and altitudes, animals in winter face greater limitations in availability and accessibility of forage. Here we explore the foraging behavior of wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) during winter within the Ronald Lake bison herd in northeastern Alberta, Canada, and examine the trade‐offs they face due to limitations in forage abundance and availability (snow conditions), as well as the need to minimize predation risk. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) location data collected from 70 female wood bison to identify winter foraging sites and craters selected by bison to access forage beneath the snow. Within wetlands used by bison we selected 190 pairs of used (foraged) and random (available) sites to test eight a priori hypotheses explaining how bison traded‐off between forage availability, accessibility, and minimizing predation risk. We found with matched‐paired logistic regression that Carex atherodes was 1.21‐times more likely to be selected per unit increase in ground cover, compared to 1.17‐times per unit ground cover for C. aquatilis and C. utriculata. However, all Carex species showed an increase in selection when cover was > 50% cover within individual craters. While the importance of Carex was clear, forage site selection was still inversely related to snow depth. There is also a neutralizing combined effect of snow depth and Carex species ground cover which suggests that bison maximized their energy return by avoiding areas with deep snow (> 30 cm) that demanded intensive cratering, even when highly selected forage was accessible beneath. Avoidance of forage areas with deep snow demonstrates that wood bison employed a foraging strategy that considers both forage availability and environmental conditions, with snow depth being a limiting factor. We highlight the relationship between optimal foraging based on food availability and the trade‐offs within an energy restrictive winter season, furthering the understanding of how large herbivores forage strategically to maximize energy intake in northern environments.
Oligonucleotides Containing 8,1′‐Ethano‐2′‐deoxyadenosine: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Hanashiro Honoka , Ito Yuta , Fuchi Yasufumi , Hari Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOligonucleotides containing 8,1′‐ethano‐2′‐deoxyadenosine (ethano‐dA) were synthesized in which the adenine base (ethA) is fixed in the syn conformation. Ethano‐dA phosphoramidite was synthesized by using a 1,5‐hydrogen‐atom transfer/radical cyclization process and introduced into oligonucleotides, which were successfully obtained by employing the 4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl‐off synthesis mode. The duplex‐forming ability of the oligonucleotides containing ethano‐dA was evaluated. In the antiparallel Watson–Crick duplex, the ethA formed stable base pairs with thymine and guanine, in which two Hoogsteen‐type hydrogen bonds could be formed. By contrast, the parallel Hoogsteen duplex containing the ethA:thymine base pair showed thermal stability comparable to that containing a natural adenine:thymine base pair because ethA and thymine can form two Watson–Crick‐type hydrogen bonds. These results indicated that ethano‐dA may be helpful for elucidating the function of adenine bases through the syn conformation in DNA.
Real meat shows good performance in maintaining colonic barrier function at a recommended amount of intake in mice
Authors: Xie Yunting , Cai Linlin , Ibeogu Isaiah Henry , Zhou Guanghong , Li Chunbao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of real meat and plant‐based meat analogs on intestinal barrier function. Methods including PacBio sequencing, HPLC, histological observation, western blotting, and RT‐qPCR were jointly applied. The results indicated that the 20‐day intake of real meat and plant‐based meat analogs did not induce pathological changes in the colon of mice. However, when the feeding period was extended to 68 days, inflammatory infiltration was observed in the colon tissue of mice fed plant‐based meat analogs. In contrast, the intake of real meat for 68 days performed better in maintaining colonic barrier function by reducing cell apoptosis, increasing the number of goblet cells and mucin secretion, and upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins. High‐throughput sequencing revealed that the intake of real meat significantly altered the composition of the gut microbiota, reducing pro‐inflammatory bacteria (such as Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio, or Colidextribacter) or pathogenic bacteria (such as Mucispirillum and Helicobacter) while increasing beneficial bacteria (such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, or Roseburia). Additionally, the consumption of real meat markedly decreased protein fermentation in the colon, leading to lower levels of cadaverine, putrescine, and spermine. These changes associated with real meat consumption reduced the activation of the pro‐inflammatory pathway (lipopolysaccharide/Toll‐like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B), ultimately maintaining colonic homeostasis in mice. Collectively, the findings suggest that the proper intake of real meat is more beneficial for colon health in mice compared to plant‐based meat analogs.
Accessing the growth of heat‐resistant mold ascospores in potato dextrose agar, isolated from a processed fruit jam—Dependence of temperature, pH, and sugar concentration
Authors: Alam Mahabub , Sarkar Animesh , Sayem A. S. M. , Biswas Rahul , Hasan M. M. Mahdi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeat‐resistant molds (HRM) pose a significant threat to food industries due to their ability to survive in high temperatures (pasteurization range) and grow in a variety of environments. To understand how inhibiting variables affect HRM growth, this study evaluated the impact of high sugar concentration (50–60°Brix), low pH (3.5–4.5), and temperature (5–15) on the time (tv) to develop detectable colonies (colony diameter = 2 mm) of three HRM strains (Byssochlamys nivea, Byssochlamys fulva, Neosartorya fischeri) isolated from mixed fruit products. The study found that all HRM strains had relatively short periods of time to develop detectable colonies at 50°Brix, while no visible growth was observed at 60°Brix. Byssochlamys nivea was found to be the most susceptible to low temperatures, requiring up to 43 days to develop detectable colonies at 10°C and unable to grow at colder temperatures. The tv varied from 6 to 27 days based on pH and isolates. HRM's resistance to high sugar concentrations and ability to grow in cold environments pose a threat to the microbiological safety of fruit products. The evaluated data were fitted to several statistical distribution models to support further research on the quantitative microbiological risk in processed fruit products. This study provides valuable insights into how inhibiting variables affect HRM growth and can inform efforts to minimize their impact on fruit‐based product quality and safety.
Exploring Jalisco's water quality: A comprehensive web tool for limnological and phytoplankton data
Authors: Camarena‐Orozco Cristofer , Carrillo Eduardo Juárez , González Martha Alicia Lara , Guerra‐Castro Edlin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive dataset of hydrological information gathered from five key eastern basins in Jalisco, Mexico. The dataset encompasses approximately 50 limnological variables and phytoplankton counts specifically for one of these basins. Water‐quality data were collected by the State Water Commission of Jalisco, adhering to the methods outlined in the Official Mexican Norm ‘NOM‐127’. Monthly samplings were conducted to assess environmental variables such as pH, temperature, oxygen, nutrients and heavy metals. Monitoring has been ongoing for three basins since 2009, while the remaining two basins have been monitored since 2015 and 2020. Phytoplankton data were obtained from monthly samples taken by the University of Guadalajara between 2014 and 2019 in Lake Cajititlán. The original data were cleaned and organized using tidy data principles, with codes accessible on GitHub. To facilitate data exploration and visualization, we developed a user‐friendly web application with the Shiny package in R. This application enables users to explore the dataset through summary statistics tables, time series plots and phytoplankton community analysis. The dataset is accessible on Zenodo. The presented data hold significance for environmental and water‐quality assessment and applications in machine learning, neural network models, community ecology and broader environmental research. Notably, the raw data, publicly accessible from the State Water Commission of Jalisco, have been previously utilized for these purposes. This dataset offers value due to its diverse limnological and phytoplankton variables, an extended time frame of availability, a curated and streamlined accessibility process and the inclusion of a web application for intuitive exploration and visualization.