bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colloidal processing: enabling complex shaped ceramics with unique multiscale structures
Authors: Franks George V. , Tallon Carolina , Studart André R. , Sesso Mitchell L. , Leo Silvia 
Published: January 2017

AbstractColloidal processing of fine ceramic powders enables the production of complex shaped ceramics with unique micro and macro structures which are not possible to produce via conventional dry processing routes. Because of this enhanced structural control and shaping capabilities, colloidal processing has been exploited to produce ceramic components with ever increasing complexity and functionalities. In this review, we revisit some of the research efforts on this topic to highlight its relevance and growing importance for the advanced manufacturing of functional ceramics. Selected examples of colloidal systems with increasing level of complexity are discussed to showcase the wide range of structures that can be generated through wet processing approaches. The historical development and background knowledge pertaining to colloids and surface interactions is first briefly reviewed. The major colloidal shape forming and additive manufacturing processes that utilize colloidal pastes and inks are then reviewed, highlighting the control of suspension rheology needed in these techniques. Next, methodologies that combine suspended particles with a pore‐forming phase are discussed as a means to produce porous ceramic materials. Further control over the interactions between anisotropic particles and their alignment in suspensions can be gained via externally applied fields (such as magnetic) to produce texturally aligned green bodies. This leads to bioinspired ceramics that can programmably morph into complex shaped objects upon sintering. Hierarchical porous structures with high mechanical efficiency are also shown as an example of the multiscale designs that can be generated through advanced colloidal processing. As drying of ceramic bodies is an inevitable consequence of wet colloidal processing, the current understanding of this critical processing step is reviewed. Finally, the gaps in knowledge in these fields are discussed to provide our perspective on where the field may support advances in ceramics in the future.
Population‐based cross‐sectional study on insulin resistance and insulin‐secretory capacity in Japanese school children
Authors: Nishimura Rimei , Sano Hironari , Onda Yoshiko , Tsujino Daisuke , Ando Kiyotaka , Ebara Futoshi , Matsudaira Toru , Ishikawa Shinichiro , Sakamoto Takuya , Tajima Naoko , Utsunomiya Kazunori 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionLittle information is available regarding the status of insulin resistance (IR) and insulin deficiency (ID), as well as their relationship with obesity in children using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) in a population‐based setting.Materials and MethodsThe study included a total of 445 ninth‐grade children participating in health check‐up programs implemented in Tsunan Town, Niigata, Japan (boys/girls, 252/193 [participation rates: 98.1/95.5%]). HOMA of insulin resistance ≥2.5 was defined as IR, and HOMA of β‐cell function <40 defined as ID.ResultsThe medians (25–75th percentiles) of HOMA of insulin resistance, HOMA of β‐cell function, Disposition Index and body mass index in boys were 1.2 (0.8–1.7), 64 (44–93), 52 (43–64) and 19.2 (18.0–20.7) kg/m2, respectively, vs 1.5 (1.0–2.0), 86 (63–120), 60 (50–74) and 20.4 (18.9–22.0) kg/m2, respectively, in girls. The HOMA of insulin resistance, HOMA of β‐cell function and Disposition Index values were significantly higher in the girls (P = 0.002, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Those with IR accounted for a significantly higher proportion of girls than boys (15.5/8.7%; P = 0.027); those with obesity accounted for 9.9/10.7% (boys/girls); and those with IR and obesity accounted for 2.4/4.7%. Those with ID accounted for a significantly higher proportion of boys than girls (20.6/8.8%; P = 0.001), whereas those with ID and obesity accounted for a very small proportion of either group (0.4/0.5%).ConclusionsThe presence of IR was higher among the girls. In contrast, ID was more frequent among the boys. The infrequent presence of ID among children might support the presence of non‐obese type 2 diabetes adults in Japan.
Bee visitation rates to cultivated sunflowers increase with the amount and accessibility of nectar sugars
Authors: Mallinger R. E. , Prasifka J. R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPollinators make foraging decisions based on numerous floral traits, including nectar and pollen rewards, and associated visual and olfactory cues. For insect‐pollinated crops, identifying and breeding for attractive floral traits may increase yields. In this study, we examined floral trait variation within cultivated sunflowers and its effects on bee foraging behaviours. Over 2 years, we planted different sunflower inbred lines, including male‐fertile and male‐sterile lines, and measured nectar volume, nectar sugar concentration and composition, and corolla length. During bloom, we recorded visits by both managed honey bees and wild bees. We then examined consistency in relative nectar production by comparing field results to those from a greenhouse experiment. Sunflower inbred lines varied significantly in all floral traits, including the amount and composition of nectar sugars, and in corolla length. Both wild bee and honey bee visits significantly increased with nectar sugar amount and decreased with corolla length, but appeared unaffected by nectar sugar composition. While wild bees made more visits to sunflowers providing pollen (male‐fertile), honey bees preferred plants without pollen (male‐sterile). Differences in nectar quantity among greenhouse‐grown sunflower lines were similar to those measured in the field, and bumble bees preferentially visited lines with more nectar in greenhouse observations. Our results show that sunflowers with greater quantities of nectar sugar and shorter corollas receive greater pollination services from both managed and wild bees. Selecting for these traits could thus increase sunflower crop yields and provide greater floral resources for bees.
Evaluation and Allocation of Greenhouse Gas Reductions in Industrial Symbiosis
Authors: Kim Hyeong‐Woo , Ohnishi Satoshi , Fujii Minoru , Fujita Tsuyoshi , Park Hung‐Suck 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIndustrial symbiosis (IS) exchanges have been recognized to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, though methods for quantification of GHG emissions in IS exchanges are varied, and no standardized methods are available. This article proposes a practical approach to quantify total and allocated GHG emissions from IS exchanges by integrating the GHG protocol and life cycle assessment. The proposed method expands the system boundaries to include all IS companies, and the functional flow is set to be the sum of the main products. The total impact of a company is allocated to the main product. Three by‐product impact allocation methods of cutoff, avoidance, and 50/50 are proposed, and the total and distributed impacts of the IS systems in an industrial park are theoretically derived. The proposed method was tested to quantify GHG reduction in a real IS exchange developed between Korea Zinc (a zinc smelter) and Hankook Paper (a paper mill company) in the Ulsan Eco‐Industrial Park initiative. The total reduction of GHG emissions in this IS exchange, 60,522 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year, was the same in the GHG protocol, whereas GHG distribution between two companies depended on the allocation method. Given that the reduction of GHG emissions from IS exchanges is the product of the collaboration of giving companies and receiving companies, the 50/50 allocation method is best from an equivalent‐responsibility and benefit‐sharing perspective. However, this study suggests a more practical implementation approach based on a flexible and negotiable method of allocating the total GHG reduction between stakeholders.
Social Life Cycle Assessment of a Concentrated Solar Power Plant in Spain: A Methodological Proposal
Authors: Corona Blanca , Bozhilova‐Kisheva Kossara P. , Olsen Stig I. , San Miguel Guillermo 
Published: January 2017

SummaryMeasuring the sustainability of goods and services in a systematic and objective manner has become an issue of paramount importance. Life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) is a holistic methodology whose aim is to integrate into a compatible format the analysis of the three pillars of sustainability, namely, economy, environment, and society. Social life cycle assessment (S‐LCA) is a novel methodology still under development, used to cover the social aspects of sustainability within LCSA. The aim of this article is to provide additional discussion on the practical application of S‐LCA by suggesting a new classification and characterization model that builds upon previous methodological developments. The structure of the social analysis has been adapted to maintain coherence with that of standard LCA. The application of this methodology is demonstrated using a case study—the analysis of power generation in a concentrated solar power plant in Spain. The inventory phase was completed by using the indicators proposed by the United Nations Environment Program/Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (UNEP/SETAC) Guidelines on S‐LCA. The impact assessment phase was approached by developing a social performance indicator that builds on performance reference points, an activity variable, and a numeric scale with positive and negative values. The social performance indicator obtained (+0.42 over a range of –2 to +2) shows that the deployment of the solar power plant increases the social welfare of Spain, especially in the impact categories of socioeconomic sustainability and fairness of relationships, whose results were 1.38 and 0.29, respectively.
What seals the I‐deal? Exploring the role of employees' behaviours and managers' emotions
Authors: Rofcanin Yasin , Kiefer Tina , Strauss Karoline 
Published: January 2017

Idiosyncratic deals (I‐deals) are work arrangements between an employee and a manager, aimed at meeting the employee's specific work‐related needs (Rousseau,,I‐deals: Idiosyncratic deals employees bargain for themselves, M. E. Sharpe, New York, NY). Studies to date have focused on the effects of successful I‐deal negotiations, but have paid little attention to what determines whether negotiated I‐deals are also obtained. We propose that managers play a crucial role in this process, and explore the role of managers' emotions in translating negotiation into obtainment. We suggest that I‐deals are more likely to be obtained when managers feel more positive and less negative about an employee's I‐deal process in the aftermath of the negotiation. We then aim to determine what shapes managers' emotions about the I‐deal process. Given that I‐deals are intended to be beneficial for the entire team (Rousseau,,I‐deals: Idiosyncratic deals employees bargain for themselves, M. E. Sharpe, New York, NY), we expect that managers feel more positive about the I‐deal process of employees who engage in socially connecting behaviours following their I‐deal negotiation. In contrast, managers feel more negative about the I‐deal process of employees who engage in socially disconnecting behaviours. Results from a two‐wave study of employees and their managers supported our hypotheses. Our findings contribute to research on I‐deals by distinguishing between the negotiation and obtainment of I‐deals and by highlighting the role of managers' emotions in translating negotiated I‐deals into obtainment and the importance of employees' socially connecting and disconnecting behaviours following I‐deal negotiations.Practitioner pointsI‐deals are individually negotiated work agreements between an employee and an employer about parts of their jobs or specific tasks. Previous research has predominantly focused on the negotiation of I‐deals.Yet, negotiated I‐deals may not always materialize. How managers feel about the I‐deal process of employees in the aftermath of the negotiation is a crucial factor in translating successfully negotiated I‐deals into obtained I‐deals.When managers feel more positive and less negative about the I‐deal process, they are more likely to facilitate the obtainment of employees' deals.Because I‐deals are supposed to benefit the entire team, managers' emotions about the I‐deal process are influenced by employees' behaviours following the negotiation. Managers are likely to feel more positive about an employee's I‐deal process if he/she displays socially connecting behaviours and more negative when the employee disconnects from others in the aftermath of I‐deal negotiations.
Somatosensory function in old age
Authors: Heft M. W. , Robinson M. E. 
Published: January 2017

SummarySensory decline is viewed as an inevitable consequence of the ageing process. However, reports of declines have not been a consistent finding across the sensory systems. Reports from psychophysical studies indicate that the most common declines with ageing are in vision and audition and, to a lesser degree, olfaction and gustation. Findings for the somatosensory system (mechanoreception, warming and cooling thermoreception and pain) are less conclusive. Factors that contribute to individual differences in sensory ratings beyond chronological ageing include stimulus factors including stimulus type and body location, response measures and instructions, systemic disease that may affect the peripheral or central nervous system and environmental factors that may affect the skin integrity.
Stripe Rust Resistance in Roegneria kamoji (Poaceae: Triticeae) and its Genetic Analysis
Authors: Zhao Fu‐Qiang , Li Qi , Chen Guo‐Yue , Li Jun , Kang Hou‐Yang , Wang Yi , Fan Xing , Sha Li‐Na , Zhou Yong‐Hong , Zhang Hai‐Qin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Roegneria kamoji accession ZY 1007 was resistant to the mixed predominant races of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) in China based on field tests at adult‐plant stage. The seedling resistance evaluation of ZY 1007 showed that it was resistant to stripe rust physiological strains CYR29, CYR33 and PST‐V26, which were the predominant races of Pst in China. The female parent R. kamoji cv. Gansi No.1 (susceptible to Pst) was crossed with ZY 1007 (resistant to Pst). Parents, F1 and F2 populations were tested in a field inoculated with the mixed urediniospores. ZY 1007 and all the observed 11 F1 hybrid plants were resistant, while plants of Gansi No.1 were susceptible. Among the 221 F2 plants, 168 plants were resistant and 53 were susceptible, and the segregation of resistant and susceptible plants fits 3R:1S ratio (χ2 = 0.074, P > 0.75). It confirmed that the resistance of stripe rust in ZY 1007 was controlled by a single dominant gene and temporarily designated as YrK1007.
Comparative DNA sequence analyses of Pyramimonas parkeae (Prasinophyceae) chloroplast genomes
Authors: Satjarak Anchittha , Graham Linda E. 
Published: January 2017

Prasinophytes form a paraphyletic assemblage of early diverging green algae, which have the potential to reveal the traits of the last common ancestor of the main two green lineages: (i) chlorophyte algae and (ii) streptophyte algae. Understanding the genetic composition of prasinophyte algae is fundamental to understanding the diversification and evolutionary processes that may have occurred in both green lineages. In this study, we sequenced the chloroplast genome of Pyramimonas parkeae NIES254 and compared it with that of P. parkeae CCMP726, the only other fully sequenced P. parkeae chloroplast genome. The results revealed that P. parkeae chloroplast genomes are surprisingly variable. The chloroplast genome of NIES254 was larger than that of CCMP726 by 3,204 bp, the NIES254 large single copy was 288 bp longer, the small single copy was 5,088 bp longer, and the IR was 1,086 bp shorter than that of CCMP726. Similarity values of the two strains were almost zero in four large hot spot regions. Finally, the strains differed in copy number for three protein‐coding genes: ycf20, psaC, and ndhE. Phylogenetic analyses using 16S and 18S rDNA and rbcL sequences resolved a clade consisting of these two P. parkeae strains and a clade consisting of these plus other Pyramimonas isolates. These results are consistent with past studies indicating that prasinophyte chloroplast genomes display a higher level of variation than is commonly found among land plants. Consequently, prasinophyte chloroplast genomes may be less useful for inferring the early history of Viridiplantae than has been the case for land plant diversification.
Hepatitis B surface antigen loss and clinical outcomes between HBeAg‐negative cirrhosis patients who discontinued or continued nucleoside analogue therapy
Authors: Hung C.‐H. , Wang J.‐H. , Lu S.‐N. , Hu T.‐H. , Lee C.‐M. , Chen C.‐H. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryWe investigated the incidence and predictors of post‐treatment hepatitis B virus (HBV) relapse and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss. After cessation of nucleoside analogue (NA) treatment in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative patients with cirrhosis. The rates of HBsAg loss and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in HBeAg‐negative patients with cirrhosis who continued NA treatment were compared with those who discontinued treatment. Patients with compensated cirrhosis who had discontinued NA treatment for at least 12 months (discontinuing group; n=73) and patients who continued entecavir treatment for at least 4 years (continuing group; n=158) were recruited. Serum HBsAg levels were analysed at the end of treatment (discontinuing group) or at 2.5‐3 years of treatment (continuing group). In the discontinuing group, the 6‐year cumulative incidence of post‐treatment virological relapse and HBsAg loss were 56.3% and 46.7%, respectively. The end‐of‐treatment HBsAg level of 300 IU/mL was a cut‐off value for subsequent post‐treatment HBsAg loss and sustained response. In the continuing group, HBsAg loss occurred in five of 158 patients. Cox regression analysis showed that HBsAg levels in the discontinuing group were independent predictors for HBsAg loss in all patients and 104 propensity score (PS)‐matched patients. There was no significant difference in HCC development between the groups in all patients and 104 PS‐matched patients. Two patients experienced post‐treatment alanine aminotransferase flare with hepatic decompensation, and neither of them died after retreatment. In conclusion, HBeAg‐negative patients with cirrhosis who discontinued NA treatment might have a higher rate of HBsAg loss and their risk of developing HCC did not increase compared with those who continued entecavir treatment.
Insufficient levels of the nrdAB‐encoded ribonucleotide reductase underlie the severe growth defect of the Δhda E. coli strain
Authors: Babu Vignesh M. P. , Itsko Mark , Baxter Jamie C. , Schaaper Roel M. , Sutton Mark D. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe ATP‐bound form of the Escherichia coli DnaA replication initiator protein remodels the chromosomal origin of replication, oriC, to load the replicative helicase. The primary mechanism for regulating the activity of DnaA involves the Hda and β clamp proteins, which act together to dramatically stimulate the intrinsic DNA‐dependent ATPase activity of DnaA via a process termed Regulatory Inactivation of DnaA. In addition to hyperinitiation, strains lacking hda function also exhibit cold sensitive growth at 30°C. Strains impaired for the other regulators of initiation (i.e., ΔseqA or ΔdatA) fail to exhibit cold sensitivity. The goal of this study was to gain insight into why loss of hda function impedes growth. We used a genetic approach to isolate 9 suppressors of Δhda cold sensitivity, and characterized the mechanistic basis by which these suppressors alleviated Δhda cold sensitivity. Taken together, our results provide strong support for the view that the fundamental defect associated with Δhda is diminished levels of DNA precursors, particularly dGTP and dATP. We discuss possible mechanisms by which the suppressors identified here may regulate dNTP pool size, as well as similarities in phenotypes between the Δhda strain and hda+ strains exposed to the ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor hydroxyurea.
Relationship of serum haemojuvelin and hepcidin levels with iron level and erythropoietin requirement in prevalent hepatitis C virus positive haemodialysis patients
Authors: El Said Heba W. , Abou Seif Khaled H. , Ahmed Yasser S. , Abou Elleil Hesham A. , El Said Tamer W. , Behairy Maha A. , Mohamed Mohamed M. , Ahmed Fatma A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimIron overload is frequently reported in haemodialysis (HD) patients particularly those with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Soluble haemojuvelin (sHJV) has recently emerged as one of the significant regulators of iron homeostasis and hepcidin expression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential associations of sHJV and hepcidin with inflammation, iron parameters and erythropoietin requirement in prevalent HD patients with HCV.MethodsSerum sHJV and hepcidin were measured in 60 prevalent HD patients with [group I (n = 30)] and without [group II (n = 30)] HCV, and controls (n = 30) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Parameters related to anaemia, iron metabolism, inflammation, sHJV and hepcidin were measured.ResultsSerum hepcidin in HCV positive versus negative groups was 89.40 ± 46.08 ng/mL and 224.1 ± 72.36 ng/mL, P = 0.000, respectively, while sHJV was 245 ± 1.338 ng/mL and 254 ± 0.762 ng/mL, P = 0.147, respectively in positive versus negative patients. In group I, hepcidin correlated with serum ferritin (r = −0.512 P = 0.005) and transferrin saturation (TSAT%) (r = 0.572, P = 0.000) and sHJV correlated with ferritin (r = 0.40, P 0.000), TSAT% (r = 0.450, P = 0.002) and a significant correlation also existed between sHJV and hepcidin (r = −0.259, P = 0.045). In the regression analysis, ferritin and TSAT% were able to predict sHJV; (standardized β = 0.52, P 0.001) and (standardized β = 0.48, P 0.010). Ferritin and sHJV were also able to predict hepcidin (standardized β = 0.627, P = 0.006) and (standardized β = 0.300, P = 0.007) in group I.ConclusionSoluble haemojuvelin levels seem to be associated with iron overload parameters and hepcidin levels in HCV positive HD patients.
Photo‐co‐carcinogenesis of Topically Applied Retinyl Palmitate in SKH‐1 Hairless Mice
Authors: Boudreau Mary D. , Beland Frederick A. , Felton Robert P. , Fu Peter P. , Howard Paul C. , Mellick Paul W. , Thorn Brett T. , Olson Greg R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCosmetic products that contain retinyl palmitate are popular as antiaging skin treatments; however, recent studies suggest a risk for enhanced skin tumor development with topical retinyl palmitate applications and exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). In this study, we investigated the potential of retinyl palmitate to enhanceUVR‐induced photo‐co‐carcinogenesis. Groups of 36 male and 36 femaleSKH‐1 hairless mice were exposed to simulated solar light (SSL) and treated with the control cream or creams containing retinyl palmitate, 5 days per week for 40 weeks. Other groups of mice were exposed toSSLand received no cream treatment or received cream treatments and were exposed to ultraviolet‐A or ultraviolet‐B. Mice were monitored for the development of skin tumors, and the incidences and multiplicities of squamous cell neoplasia were determined by histopathology. In both the absence and presence ofSSL, mice administered the control cream developed skin tumors earlier and had higher incidences and multiplicities of skin squamous cell neoplasms than mice that received no cream treatment. Compared to the control cream groups, mice exposed toSSLand administered the retinyl palmitate creams demonstrated earlier onsets of skin tumors and had increased incidences and multiplicities of squamous cell skin neoplasms.