bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for menopausal vasomotor symptoms
Authors: Holt Kathryn M. , Thompson Amy N. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Some of the most bothersome symptoms associated with menopause are the vasomotor symptoms (VMS), characterized by transient elevations in body temperature associated with a narrowing of the thermoneutral zone and an abnormal firing rate of thermosensitive neurons in the hypothalamus. These VMS have traditionally been treated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT); however, after a trial suggesting an association between HRT and a number of serious adverse events, alternative therapies for VMS are being studied. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the available literature regarding the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the alleviation of VMS associated with menopause.

Methods
PubMed and Ovid/MEDLINE keyword searches were conducted. Literature was reviewed for inclusion if it included any SSRI or SNRI for menopausal symptoms published prior to August 31, 2014.

Results
Seven studies were included in this review article. No articles were found directly comparing HRT to either SSRIs or SNRIs. Multiple agents within these two classes have been studied for VMS in menopausal and postmenopausal women.

Discussion
Vasomotor symptoms related to the perimenopausal and postmenopausal period can lead to significant physical distress, often requiring medical intervention. Traditional therapies for VMS of menopause have been dominated by the use of HRT. There are conflicting data regarding the use of SSRIs and SNRIs for patients with vasomotor symptoms related to menopause, and these agents may not be ideal for all patients. These agents may be considered as an alternative in patients who have a contraindication or are concerned about using hormonal therapies.
The response of SST to insolation and ice sheet variability from MIS 3 to MIS 11 in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lions)
Authors: Cortina Aleix , Sierro Francisco Javier , Flores José Abel , Martrat Belen , Grimalt Joan O. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHere we present a sea surface temperature (SST) record based on the Uk′37 index from the PRGL1 borehole (Promess1) drilled on the upper slope of the Gulf of Lions (GL). This is the first continuous and high‐resolution record in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea from marine oxygen isotope stage 3 (MIS) 3 to MIS 11. Due the location of the GL, the SST proxy can be considered to be a reliable tool to study the climate link between high latitude and midlatitude. During glacial inceptions, the northern ice sheet signal via cold northwesterly winds was first recorded in our study area in comparison with southern locations, highlighting the strong sensitivity of this location to high‐latitude dynamics. Moreover, the amplitude of the millennial‐scale variability in the western Mediterranean basin seems to be the result of both ice sheet and insolation variability.
Modulation of outer bank erosion by slump blocks: Disentangling the protective and destructive role of failed material on the three‐dimensional flow structure
Authors: Hackney Christopher , Best Jim , Leyland Julian , Darby Stephen E. , Parsons Daniel , Aalto Rolf , Nicholas Andrew 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe three‐dimensional flow field near the banks of alluvial channels is the primary factor controlling rates of bank erosion. Although submerged slump blocks and associated large‐scale bank roughness elements have both previously been proposed to divert flow away from the bank, direct observations of the interaction between eroded bank material and the 3‐D flow field are lacking. Here we use observations from multibeam echo sounding, terrestrial laser scanning, and acoustic Doppler current profiling to quantify, for the first time, the influence of submerged slump blocks on the near‐bank flow field. In contrast to previous research emphasizing their influence on flow diversion away from the bank, we show that slump blocks may also deflect flow onto the bank, thereby increasing local shear stresses and rates of erosion. We use our measurements to propose a conceptual model for how submerged slump blocks interact with the flow field to modulate bank erosion.
Stratocumulus to cumulus transition in the presence of elevated smoke layers
Authors: Yamaguchi Takanobu , Feingold Graham , Kazil Jan , McComiskey Allison 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe transition from stratocumulus to cumulus clouds in the presence of elevated light‐absorbing smoke layers is investigated with idealized large‐eddy simulations. A smoke layer is placed 1 km above stratocumulus top and evolves with the cloud fields over the course of a 3 day simulation. The simulations presented vary the smoke‐generated heating and the moisture content of the smoke layer. A control case without smoke is simulated for comparison. On day 2 of the transition, when still above cloud, smoke generates a more broken cloud field than the control case, depending weakly on the strength of the aerosol heating but strongly on the water vapor content in the smoke layer. Following nighttime recovery and contact with the stratocumulus, smoke hinders the transition by strengthening the inversion, limiting boundary layer deepening and reducing precipitation‐related breakup. This modulation delays the transition, which may extend the stratocumulus deck westward, with concomitant implications for climate forcing.
Precipitation and floodiness
Authors: Stephens E. , Day J. J. , Pappenberger F. , Cloke H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThere are a number of factors that lead to nonlinearity between precipitation anomalies and flood hazard; this nonlinearity is a pertinent issue for applications that use a precipitation forecast as a proxy for imminent flood hazard. We assessed the degree of this nonlinearity for the first time using a recently developed global‐scale hydrological model driven by the ERA‐Interim/Land precipitation reanalysis (1980–2010). We introduced new indices to assess large‐scale flood hazard, or floodiness, and quantified the link between monthly precipitation, river discharge, and floodiness anomalies at the global and regional scales. The results show that monthly floodiness is not well correlated with precipitation, therefore demonstrating the value of hydrometeorological systems for providing floodiness forecasts for decision‐makers. A method is described for forecasting floodiness using the Global Flood Awareness System, building a climatology of regional floodiness from which to forecast floodiness anomalies out to 2 weeks.
Featureless spectra on the Moon as evidence of residual lunar primordial crust
Authors: Yamamoto S. , Nakamura R. , Matsunaga T. , Ogawa Y. , Ishihara Y. , Morota T. , Hirata N. , Ohtake M. , Hiroi T. , Yokota Y. , Haruyama J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe report the global distribution of areas exhibiting no absorption features (featureless or FL) on the lunar surface, based on the reflectance spectral data set obtained by the Spectral Profiler onboard Kaguya/SELENE. We found that FL sites are located in impact basins and large impact craters in the Feldspathic Highlands Terrane, while there are no FL sites in the Procellarum regions nor the South Pole‐Aitken basin. FL sites in each impact basin/crater are mainly found at the peak rings or rims, where the purest anorthosite (PAN) sites are also found. At the local scale, most of the FL and PAN points are associated with impact craters and peaks. Most of the FL spectra show a steeper (redder) continuum than the PAN spectra, suggesting the occurrence of space weathering effects. We propose that most of the material exhibiting a FL spectrum originate from space weathered PAN. Taking into account all the occurrence trends of FL sites on the Moon, we propose that both the FL and PAN materials were excavated from the primordial lunar crust during ancient basin formations below the megaregolith in the highlands. Since the FL and PAN sites are widely distributed over the lunar surface, our new data may support the existence of a massive PAN layer below the lunar surface.
Use of Low‐Literacy Decision Aid to Enhance Knowledge and Reduce Decisional Conflict Among a Diverse Population of Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Barton Jennifer L. , Trupin Laura , Schillinger Dean , Evans‐Young Gina , Imboden John , Montori Victor M. , Yelin Edward 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveDespite innovations in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), adherence is poor and disparities persist. Shared decision making (SDM) promotes patient engagement and enhances adherence; however, few tools support SDM in RA. Our objective was to pilot a low‐literacy medication guide and decision aid to facilitate patient‐clinician conversations about RA medications.MethodsRA patients were consecutively enrolled into 1 of 3 arms: 1) control; patients received existing medication guide prior to clinic visit, 2) adapted guide prior to visit, and 3) adapted guide prior to plus decision aid during visit. Outcomes were collected immediately postvisit, at 1‐week, and at 3‐ and 6‐month interviews. Eligible adults had to have failed at least 1 disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug and fulfill 1 of the following: age >65 years, immigrant, non–English speaker, less than high school education, limited health literacy, and racial/ethnic minority. Primary outcomes were knowledge of RA medications, decisional conflict, and acceptability of interventions.ResultsThe majority of 166 patients were immigrants (66%), non–English speakers (54%), and had limited health literacy (71%). Adequate RA knowledge postvisit in arm 3 was higher (78%) than arm 1 (53%; adjusted odds ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.2, 6.1). Among patients with a medication change, there was lower (better) mean decisional conflict in arms 2 and 3 (P = 0.03). There were no significant differences in acceptability.ConclusionA low‐literacy medication guide and decision aid was acceptable, improved knowledge, and reduced decisional conflict among vulnerable RA patients. Enhancing knowledge and patient engagement with decision support tools may lead to medication choices better aligned with RA patients’ values and preferences.
Regioselective Access to Sultam Motifs through Cobalt‐Catalyzed Annulation of Aryl Sulfonamides and Alkynes using an 8‐Aminoquinoline Directing Group
Authors: Planas Oriol , Whiteoak Christopher J. , Company Anna , Ribas Xavi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe use of cobalt as catalyst in direct CH activation protocols as a replacement for more expensive second row transition metals is currently attracting significant attention. Herein we disclose a facile cobalt‐catalyzed CH functionalization route towards sultam motifs through annulation of easily prepared aryl sulfonamides and alkynes using 8‐aminoquinoline as a directing group. The reaction shows broad substrate scope with products obtained in a highly regioselective manner in good to excellent isolated yields. Mechanistic insights suggest the formation of a Co(III)‐aryl key species via a rate‐determining arene CH activation during the annulation reaction.magnified image
Catalytic, Enantioselective Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction of Furan‐Based Dienoxy Silanes: A Chemodivergent Approach to γ‐Valerolactone Flavan‐3‐ol Metabolites and δ‐Lactone Analogues
Authors: Curti Claudio , Brindani Nicoletta , Battistini Lucia , Sartori Andrea , Pelosi Giorgio , Mena Pedro , Brighenti Furio , Zanardi Franca , Del Rio Daniele 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe asymmetric synthesis of a set of hydroxyphenyl γ‐valerolactones was achieved starting from 2‐silyloxyfuran and alkoxy‐substituted benzaldehydes as common precursors. Key synthesis steps included an enantioselective vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction and a Barton–McCombie deoxygenation. Five enantioenriched γ‐valerolactone targets were obtained in 5–6 steps, 18–63% overall yields and 82–98 % ee, paving the way for the straightforward entry to this class of biologically effective and poorly available flavan‐3‐ol metabolites. In parallel, an unprecedented one‐pot reductive ring expansion process was fortuitously discovered, yielding racemic δ‐lactone analogues from phenolic butanolide precursors.magnified image
Impaired Porphyromonas gingivalis–Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor Production by Dendritic Cells Typifies Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Santegoets Kim C. M. , Wenink Mark H. , Braga Felipe A. Vieira , Cossu Marta , Lamers‐Karnebeek Femke B. G. , van Riel Piet L. C. M. , Sturm Patrick D. J. , van den Berg Wim B. , Radstake Timothy R. D. J. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveThe prevalence of periodontitis is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the severity of periodontitis can affect the level of arthritis. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the main bacteria involved in periodontitis. Our aim was to determine if there are differences in the innate immune response against P gingivalis between healthy controls and RA patients.MethodsMonocyte‐derived dendritic cells (DCs) from healthy controls, RA patients, and patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) were stimulated with P gingivalis, a range of other bacteria, and Toll‐like receptor agonists. Cytokine production was determined, and blocking studies were performed to determine which receptors were involved in differential recognition of P gingivalis. Effects on T cell cytokines were also determined in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).ResultsUpon stimulation with P gingivalis, RA patient DCs produced less tumor necrosis factor as compared to healthy control DCs, which was not observed in PsA patients or upon stimulation with other bacteria. In addition, P gingivalis–mediated activation of RA patient PBMCs showed a clear reduction of interferon‐γ production. Among the various possible underlying mechanisms investigated, only blockade of CR3 abolished the difference between RA patients and healthy controls, suggesting the involvement of CR3 in this process.ConclusionImmune cells from RA patients display a reduced response to P gingivalis, which has functional consequences for the immune response. This may result in prolonged survival of P gingivalis, possibly driving autoantibody formation and a self‐perpetuating loop of chronic inflammation. The possible role of CR3 in this process warrants further investigation.
Brief Report: Patterns and Secular Trends in Use of Immunomodulatory Agents During Pregnancy in Women With Rheumatic Conditions
Authors: Desai Rishi J. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Bateman Brian T. , Hernandez‐Diaz Sonia , Mogun Helen , Gopalakrishnan Chandrasekar , Patorno Elisabetta , Kim Seoyoung C. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo describe patterns and secular trends in the use of immunomodulatory agents in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), or ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsWe identified a cohort of women with SLE, RA, PsA, or AS enrolled in public (Medicaid, 2001–2010) or private (Optum Clinformatics, 2004–2012) health insurance, and we included women filling prescriptions for immunomodulatory agents (including steroids, nonbiologic disease‐modifying agents, and biologic agents) in the 3‐month period immediately prior to their pregnancies. The proportion of women continuing or discontinuing individual agents during pregnancy was reported. Annual prescription fill rates, estimated after accounting for patient characteristics and random variability from year to year in mixed‐effects regression models, were used to conduct time trends analysis.ResultsWe included 2,645 women being treated with immunomodulatory agents prior to pregnancy. More women with PsA or AS stopped filling prescriptions for immunomodulatory agents during pregnancy (61%) than women with SLE (26%) or women with RA (34.5%). From the first to the third trimester, the proportions of women filling prescriptions for immunomodulatory agents decreased across all indications. Overall, steroids and hydroxychloroquine were the most frequently used agents in pregnancy (48.4% and 27.1%, respectively). The rates (reported per 100 deliveries in our cohort) for steroid prescription fills during pregnancy decreased significantly from 54.4 in 2001 to 42.4 in 2012, while rates for biologic agents increased from 5.1 in 2001 to 16.6 in 2012 (P < 0.001 for both trends).ConclusionSteroids and hydroxychloroquine remain the most widely prescribed treatment options in pregnancy, but the use of biologic agents is becoming increasingly common.
Modular Synthesis of Spirocyclic Germafluorene–Germoles: A New Family of Tunable Luminogens
Authors: Shynkaruk Olena , He Gang , McDonald Robert , Ferguson Michael J. , Rivard Eric 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe zirconium‐mediated synthesis of a new class of air‐stable spirocyclic germafluorene–germole (SGG) luminogens is reported. These species contain ring‐fused germafluorene and germole units that display color‐tunable fluorescence when peripheral aryl substituents are appended. Three distinct pathways are introduced for SGG modification (Stille, Suzuki–Miyaura, and zirconocene‐mediated couplings), which enable the preparation of new libraries of molecular and polymeric SGG light‐emitters with tunable luminescence and desirable thermal‐ and photo‐stability.
Click Chemistry Mediated Functionalization of Vertical Nanowires for Biological Applications
Authors: Vutti Surendra , Schoffelen Sanne , Bolinsson Jessica , Buch‐Månson Nina , Bovet Nicolas , Nygård Jesper , Martinez Karen L. , Meldal Morten 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSemiconductor nanowires (NWs) are gaining significant importance in various biological applications, such as biosensing and drug delivery. Efficient and controlled immobilization of biomolecules on the NW surface is crucial for many of these applications. Here, we present for the first time the use of the CuI‐catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition and its strain‐promoted variant for the covalent functionalization of vertical NWs with peptides and proteins. The potential of the approach was demonstrated in two complementary applications of measuring enzyme activity and protein binding, which is of general interest for biological studies. The attachment of a peptide substrate provided NW arrays for the detection of protease activity. In addition, green fluorescent protein was immobilized in a site‐specific manner and recognized by antibody binding to demonstrate the proof‐of‐concept for the use of covalently modified NWs for diagnostic purposes using minute amounts of material.
Interaction of an Iridium(III)–Bibenzimidazole Complex with Anions – Implications for Luminescent Sensing
Authors: Rommel Sebastian A. , Sorsche Dieter , Dixit Apoorva , Rau Sven 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIridium(III) complex [Ir(ppy)2(tmBBI‐H2)](PF6) (IrBBI‐H2) has been exploited as an anion receptor. In this complex, the cis‐diamine function of the bibenzimidazole is coupled in such a way to the photophysics of the iridium metal core that the photophysics is influenced by hydrogen bonds in the ligand periphery. Systematic studies on the complex reveal that IrBBI‐H2 is a convenient sensor for various anions under aerobic conditions and interacts with Cl–, Br–, I–, and HSO4– by forming hydrogen bonds. Whereas H2PO4– is only capable of mono‐deprotonating IrBBI‐H2, a stepwise process is operative when F– and OAc– are added: formation of the mono‐deprotonated complex IrBBI‐H with a low anion concentration, followed by the appearance of double‐deprotonated complex IrBBI– in the presence of higher anion concentration. The interaction of various anions with IrBBI‐H2 has been investigated by emission spectroscopy or NMR titration. According to the conditions chosen, strong binding interactions in the form of a 2:1 complex/anion ratio between the less basic anions and the complex, and a virtually stoichiometric reaction to their respective ion pairs, were observed.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 28a‐Homothiolupanes and 28a‐Homothiolupane Saponins
Authors: Sidoryk Katarzyna , Korda Anna , Rárová Lucie , Oklešťková Jana , Pakulski Zbigniew , Strnad Miroslav , Cmoch Piotr , Gwardiak Katarzyna , Karczewski Romuald 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA concise synthesis of 28a‐homo‐28a‐thiolupane triterpenes and the corresponding saponins containing D‐mannose, D‐idose, L‐arabinose and L‐rhamnose moieties was elaborated. New triterpenes were obtained from readily available 3‐O‐allylbetulinal by elongation of the carbon chain by Wittig reaction, followed by hydrolysis of the enol ether, reduction of the elongated aldehyde and nucleophilic substitution of the corresponding mesylate with thiocyanate ion. Saponins were obtained by glycosylation of triterpenes with classical Schmidt donors. The cytotoxic activities of the new homothiolupane compounds were evaluated in vitro, revealing that some triterpenes and the corresponding saponins exhibited interesting cytotoxic activity profiles against human cancer cell lines. An unexpected influence of the allyl protecting group on the cytotoxicity of homothiobetulin derivatives was revealed. These results open the way to the synthesis of various lupane‐type derivatives containing sulfur in the lupane side chain as potential anticancer compounds.
Sulfonium Salts of Iodine(I) Species as Efficient Reagents for the Regioselective Bisfunctionalisation of ­Glycals and Enol Ethers
Authors: Reddy Thurpu Raghavender , Rao Dodla Sivanageswara , Babachary Kalvacherla , Kashyap Sudhir 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA new sulfonium‐salt‐based iodine(I) reagent system for the vicinal functionalisation of glycals and enol ethers has been developed. The unprecedented iodine(I) complex, Me3SI(OAc)2, generated in situ from Me3SI and PhI(OAc)2, effectively promoted the one‐pot iodocarboxylation using carboxylic acids, and iodoazidation using NaN3 or TMSN3 (trimethylsilyl azide). The scope and generality of the new reagent was probed for a wide range of substrates, including various substituted aromatic carboxylic acids, heterocyclic, alicyclic, and aliphatic carboxylic acids, and amino acids to obtain various functionalised glycoconjugates in high yields (99 %) and with diastereoselectivities up to 100 %.
Acetylenic Scaffolding with Subphthalocyanines
Authors: Gotfredsen Henrik , Jevric Martyn , Kadziola Anders , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA new boron subphthalocyanine (SubPc) derivative with a terminal alkyne substituent on the central boron atom was prepared by substitution of a triflate at the boron atom with but‐3‐yn‐1‐ol. This compound was shown to be a versatile building block for metal‐catalyzed coupling reactions, such as modified Glaser–Hay, Cadiot–Chodkiewicz, and Sonogashira reactions as well as the copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). For example, metal‐catalyzed reactions provided access to a SubPc dimer containing a butadiyne bridging unit, two different SubPc‐fullerene dyads as well as two cross‐conjugated SubPc‐tetraethynylethene (TEE) scaffolds. These TEEs containing two silyl‐protected alkyne units are potential building blocks for further acetylenic scaffolding. The work shows how the axial position is post‐functionalized in steps not involving a substitution reaction at the central boron atom, which is otherwise often used as the terminal step in axial functionalization of SubPcs.