bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Guanfacine and Phenylephrine on a Spiking Neuron Model of Working Memory
Authors: Duggins Peter , Stewart Terrence C. , Choo Xuan , Eliasmith Chris 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe use a spiking neural network model of working memory (WM) capable of performing the spatial delayed response task (DRT) to investigate two drugs that affect WM: guanfacine (GFC) and phenylephrine (PHE). In this model, the loss of information over time results from changes in the spiking neural activity through recurrent connections. We reproduce the standard forgetting curve and then show that this curve changes in the presence of GFC and PHE, whose application is simulated by manipulating functional, neural, and biophysical properties of the model. In particular, applying GFC causes increased activity in neurons that are sensitive to the information currently being remembered, while applying PHE leads to decreased activity in these same neurons. Interestingly, these differential effects emerge from network‐level interactions because GFC and PHE affect all neurons equally. We compare our model to both electrophysiological data from neurons in monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and to behavioral evidence from monkeys performing the DRT.
Extreme lymphocytosis with myelomonocytic morphology in a horse with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Meichner Kristina , Kraszeski Blaire H. , Durrant Jessica R. , Grindem Carol B. , Breuhaus Babetta A. , Moore Peter F. , Neel Jennifer A. , Linder Keith E. , Borst Luke B. , Fogle Jonathan E. , Tarigo Jaime L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old, 443‐kg Haflinger mare was presented to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a 2‐week history of lethargy and a 3‐day duration of anorexia, pyrexia, tachycardia, and ventral edema. Severe pitting edema, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and a caudal abdominal mass were noted on physical examination. An extreme leukocytosis (154.3 × 103/μL) and microscopic hematologic findings suggestive of myelomonocytic leukemia were observed. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal gammopathy and urine protein electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal light chain proteinuria. Necropsy and histopathology confirmed widespread neoplastic infiltration in many organs with a heterogenous population of cells; there was no apparent evidence of bone marrow involvement. Immunohistochemistry confirmed presence of a majority of B cells with a limited antigen expression, admixed with a lower number of T cells. Molecular clonality analysis of IgH2, IgH3, and kappa‐deleting element (KDE, B cell) on whole blood and KDE on infiltrated tissues revealed clonal rearrangements, and the KDE intron clones that amplified in blood and in infiltrated tissue were identical. In contrast, the clonality analysis of T‐cell receptor γ revealed no clonality on blood cells and infiltrated tissues. In conjunction with the histopathologic changes, the lesion was interpreted to be composed of neoplastic B cells with a reactive T‐cell population. Polymerase chain reaction testing for equine herpes virus 5 was negative. The final diagnosis was diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with a marked hematogenous component.
Heparinase‐modified thromboelastography in cats
Authors: Cuq Benoît , Dunn Marilyn E. , Bédard Christian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundEvaluation of underlying hemostatic function is challenging when feline patients are receiving an anticoagulant medication. Discontinuing the anticoagulant to obtain accurate results for hemostatic testing may lead to thrombotic complications. The addition of heparinase to blood samples may mitigate the effects of exogenous heparin and allow hemostatic testing.MethodsTissue factor (TF)‐activated thromboelastography (TEG) was performed using citrated whole blood from 19 cats. Assays were performed using citrated whole blood, with and without addition of unfractionated heparin to a concentration of 0.2 U/mL. For each blood sample, TEG assays were performed using a standard cup and a heparinase‐coated cup.Key FindingsFor TEG variables R, k, α‐angle, and MA, mean values were not statistically different when citrated blood was used with standard or heparinase‐coated cups. Heparinized blood assayed in standard cups displayed a significantly increased R and k, and significantly decreased α‐angle and MA when compared to heparinized blood assayed in heparinase‐coated cups. TEG variables for heparinized blood assayed in heparinase cups was not statistically different from those of the citrated whole blood without added heparin.SignificanceHeparinase modified, TF‐activated, TEG reverses heparin effects in feline‐citrated blood.
New aspects on the efficacy of high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulins in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Mayer B. , Depré F. , Ringel F. , Salama A. 
Published: December 2016

Background and ObjectivesThe clinical significance of autoimmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is reflected by bleeding and/or an increased bleeding risk due to low platelet counts. In most cases, treatment with high‐dose (1–2 g/kg body weight) intravenous immunoglobulin has been demonstrated to result in an increase in platelet counts after one day of treatment. Until now, there is little information on the true beginning of therapy effect in patients treated with high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin. In this study, we focused on the kinetic of platelet counts and cessation of bleeding within the first 24 h of treatment.Materials and methodsNineteen patients with chronic ITP were treated with high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin due to clinically relevant bleeding and/or for increased bleeding risk.ResultsAlthough the response was variable in treated patients, cessation of bleeding was observed within 12 h in all such affected patients (n = 7), even in patients with platelet counts that were not increased (n = 3). Furthermore, platelet counts were observed to increase already within 1 h in 10 (53%) patients and within 8 h in 12 (63%) patients.ConclusionsFrom a clinical perspective, the onset of therapeutic effects of intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with ITP may occur at an earlier stage and be superior to that previously expected. Failure to measure an increase in platelets in the circulation of ‘non‐responders’ may be explained by an increased consumption of platelets due to recognizable or unrecognizable bleeding in such affected patients.
The association of fever with transfusion‐associated circulatory overload
Authors: Parmar N. , Pendergrast J. , Lieberman L. , Lin Y. , Callum J. , Cserti‐Gazdewich C. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundFever is described in transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO), reflecting either comprehensive haemovigilance or an inflammatory pathobiology (such as congestion‐associated atheroma disruptions).MethodsHospital haemovigilance data (1/1/2010–31/12/2012) were reviewed for TACO cases (frequency and mode of referral). TACO with or without fever (TACO+F/−F) was examined for its association with patient age (as a surrogate for atheroma burden) and product age (as a surrogate for storage‐related pyrogens). Fever in allergic transfusion reactions was also compared.ResultsOf 972 reactions, 107 suspected cases of TACO (11%) were seen. TACO+F vs. TACO−F occurred in 42·1 vs. 57·9%, respectively. TACO+F cases were discovered in referrals to investigate either a fever (in 47·1%) or dyspnoea (in 52·9%). Among TACO+F cases, 24·4% had already been febrile, whereas 75·6% exhibited a new reaction‐associated fever. After excluding preexisting fevers, TACO+F occurred in 31·8% of TACO, compared with 8·2% of allergic reactions with fever, for an odds ratio of 5·2 (2·9–9·4 [95% CI]), P < 0·001. TACO+F/TACO−F showed no difference in median host age (69 vs. 64 years, P = 0·3), RBC age (22 days +F/−F, P = 0·9) or severity.ConclusionTransfusion‐associated circulatory overload disproportionately exhibits fever compared with allergic reactions. However, TACO+F did not associate with patient or product age, nor reflect severity. To better understand TACO+F, the fever‐congestion sequence merits attention. Further study is needed to see whether TACO+F occurs as reproducibly elsewhere, and in association with atherosclerosis in a better characterized cohort.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Cephalenchus (Tylenchomorpha, Nematoda)
Authors: Pereira Tiago J. , Qing Xue , Chang Kuei‐Fu , Mundo‐Ocampo Manuel , Cares Juvenil E. , Ragsdale Erik J. , Nguyen Chau N. , Baldwin James G. 
Published: December 2016

The phylogenetic position of Cephalenchus is enigmatic with respect to other tylench nematodes. In this study, Cephalenchus populations representing 11 nominal species were sampled worldwide for molecular and morphological characterization. Species identification was based on light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Molecular analyses were based on the genes (i.e. 18S, 28S, 5.8S) and internal transcribed spacers (ITS‐1 and ITS‐2) of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Phylogenetic analyses (i.e. full and reduced alignments) of either concatenated or single genes always supported the monophyly of Cephalenchus. A sister relationship between Cephalenchus and Eutylenchus excretorius was recovered by most analyses, although branch support varies depending on the dataset used. The position of Cephalenchus + E. excretorius within Tylenchomorpha nevertheless remains ambiguous, thus highlighting the importance of sampling additional genes as well as taxa. Placement of Cephalenchus + E. excretorius as sister of Tylenchinae or Boleodorinae could not be rejected on the basis of 18S and 28S rRNA genes. Within Cephalenchus, amphidial opening morphology shows congruence with molecular‐based phylogenetic relationships, whereas the number of lines in the lateral field is likely to be a convergent trait. Morphometric analyses clearly distinguished short tail from medium–long tail species, and SEM observations seem to suggest a relation between tail length and amphidial opening. In addition, molecular phylogenies support the non‐monophyly of Cephalenchus cephalodiscus, Cephalenchus cylindricus, Cephalenchus daisuce and Cephalenchus leptus. The known extent of Cephalenchus diversity is increased with the inclusion of two new species, and the biogeography of the genus is discussed.
Vertical Finger Displacement Is Reduced in Index Finger Tapping During Repeated Bout Rate Enhancement
Authors: Mora-Jensen Mark Holten , Madeleine Pascal , Hansen Ernst Albin 
Published: December 2016

The present study analyzed (a) whether a recently reported phenomenon of repeated bout rate enhancement in finger tapping (i.e., a cumulating increase in freely chosen finger tapping frequency following submaximal muscle activation in the form of externally unloaded voluntary tapping) could be replicated and (b) the hypotheses that the faster tapping was accompanied by changed vertical displacement of the fingertip and changed peak force during tapping. Right-handed, healthy, and recreationally active individuals (n = 24) performed two 3-min index finger tapping bouts at freely chosen tapping frequency, separated by 10-min rest. The recently reported phenomenon of repeated bout rate enhancement was replicated. The faster tapping (8.8 ± 18.7 taps/min, corresponding to 6.0 ± 11.0%, p = .033) was accompanied by reduced vertical displacement (1.6 ± 2.9 mm, corresponding to 6.3 ± 14.9%, p = .012) of the fingertip. Concurrently, peak force was unchanged. The present study points at separate control mechanisms governing kinematics and kinetics during finger tapping.
Perspectives of Female Collegiate Cross Country Runners on Eating Behaviors and Attitudes Toward Health: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Stickler Laurie , Armstrong Trisha , Polso Alyssa , Smith Melissa 
Published: December 2016

Context:Low energy availability has been identified through research as the cornerstone of the female athlete triad, yet reasons for nutritional choices among female collegiate athletes are poorly understood.Objective:To explore the perspectives of female collegiate cross country runners on eating behaviors and attitudes toward health.Design:Phenomenologic qualitative study with individual, semistructured interviews.Methods:Ten collegiate female cross country runners, ages 18–22, participated in the study. All interviews were audiotaped then transcribed. Three researchers independently coded data and developed themes and subthemes before meeting and negotiating findings.Results:The following four themes were identified: health behaviors, nutritional knowledge, internal and external factors, and health attitudes.Conclusions:This study contributes to understanding “the why” behind health behaviors of female collegiate cross country runners. This developmental understanding may assist in interpreting the behavioral causes of low energy availability; thus, both management and prevention of the triad may be aided by this information.
Convergence analysis of an unsupported micro-tunnel at the Meuse/Haute-Marne Underground Research Laboratory
Authors: Guayacán-Carrillo L.-M. , Sulem J. , Seyedi D. M. , Ghabezloo S. , Noiret A. , Armand G. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Convergence measurements recorded for one representative micro-tunnel (diameter
c.
0.7 m) in Callovo-Oxfordian claystone were analysed. The micro-tunnel was excavated in the direction of the horizontal principal major stress.
In situ
observations showed anisotropic convergence with the maximum and minimum values in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. The horizontal closure of walls was fitted on the basis of a semi-empirical convergence law. This law is a predictive model reflecting the global response of the ground to excavation works. As the convergence measurements were performed after the end of excavation, their evolution in time can only be related to the time-dependent behaviour of the ground and the effect of the face advance cannot be captured. It is shown that some parameters of the semi-empirical law did not change along the micro-tunnel. An easy and efficient method is thus proposed for the long-term prediction of wall closure by the fitting of a single parameter on recorded data. Comparison with a drift (diameter
c.
5 m) highlighted the influence of the support installation and the rate of excavation on the variation in the parameter values of the semi-empirical law. The vertical closure of the micro-tunnel walls, which showed a very weak evolution over time, was analysed based on the rate of convergence.
Geotherapeutics: the medicinal use of earths, minerals and metals from antiquity to the twenty-first century
Authors: Retsas Spyros 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In antiquity, therapeutic empiricism attributed medicinal properties to animal products, plants, minerals and metals, including the soil of specific geographical locations.
The therapeutic use of certain earths and metals is thoroughly documented in the works of Hippocrates, Dioscorides and Galen and was still practised in the eighteenth century by eminent physicians such as Sir Hans Sloane. Mercury and arsenical compounds have also been widely used since antiquity, the latter finding application in our times in the successful treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia.
Dicer maintains the identity and function of proprioceptive sensory neurons
Authors: O’Toole Sean M. , Ferrer Monica M. , Mekonnen Jennifer , Zhang Haihan , Shima Yasuyuki , Ladle David R. , Nelson Sacha B. 
Published: December 2016

Neuronal cell identity is established during development and must be maintained throughout an animal’s life (Fishell G, Heintz N. Neuron 80: 602–612, 2013). Transcription factors critical for establishing neuronal identity can be required for maintaining it (Deneris ES, Hobert O. Nat Neurosci 17: 899–907, 2014). Posttranscriptional regulation also plays an important role in neuronal differentiation (Bian S, Sun T. Mol Neurobiol 44: 359–373, 2011), but its role in maintaining cell identity is less established. To better understand how posttranscriptional regulation might contribute to cell identity, we examined the proprioceptive neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), a highly specialized sensory neuron class, with well-established properties that distinguish them from other neurons in the ganglion. By conditionally ablating Dicer in mice, using parvalbumin (Pvalb)-driven Cre recombinase, we impaired posttranscriptional regulation in the proprioceptive sensory neuron population. Knockout (KO) animals display a progressive form of ataxia at the beginning of the fourth postnatal week that is accompanied by a cell death within the DRG. Before cell loss, expression profiling shows a reduction of proprioceptor specific genes and an increased expression of nonproprioceptive genes normally enriched in other ganglion neurons. Furthermore, although central connections of these neurons are intact, the peripheral connections to the muscle are functionally impaired. Posttranscriptional regulation is therefore necessary to retain the transcriptional identity and support functional specialization of the proprioceptive sensory neurons. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have demonstrated that selectively impairing Dicer in parvalbumin-positive neurons, which include the proprioceptors, triggers behavioral changes, a lack of muscle connectivity, and a loss of transcriptional identity as observed through RNA sequencing. These results suggest that Dicer and, most likely by extension, microRNAs are crucially important for maintaining proprioception. Additionally, this study hints at the larger question of how neurons maintain their functional and molecular specificity.
Long-term Follow-up of Patients Having False-Positive Multitarget Stool DNA Tests after Negative Screening Colonoscopy: The LONG-HAUL Cohort Study
Authors: Cotter Thomas G. , Burger Kelli N. , Devens Mary E. , Simonson Julie A. , Lowrie Kari L. , Heigh Russell I. , Mahoney Douglas W. , Johnson David H. , Ahlquist David A. , Kisiel John B. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background: Studies of colorectal cancer screening by multitarget stool DNA (MT-sDNA) show false-positive (FP) rates of 7% to 13%. It is unclear whether FP patients are at increased long-term risk of adverse outcomes.
Methods: We compared subsequent clinical events among patients with apparent FP MT-sDNA with those in patients reported as true negative (TN). This was a retrospective cohort study of participants in pre-FDA approval MT-sDNA studies having nonadvanced or negative baseline colonoscopy findings from a single referral center. Per-protocol and calibrated cutoffs defined FP and TN groups. From the time of stool collection, we measured differences between FP and TN groups in time to death, subsequent cancer diagnosis, and onset of alarm symptoms.
Results: Of 1,050 eligible patients, only 6 were lost to follow-up. Median age was 65.6 years [interquartile range (IQR), 56.8–72.3]; 54% were female. Median follow-up time was 4 years (IQR, 3.5–5.3). Eight aerodigestive (lung and gastrointestinal tract) cancers occurred. FP status by calibrated, but not per-protocol, cutoffs was associated with subsequent aerodigestive cancer; however, cumulative incidence did not exceed SEER expectations from the general population. By any cutoff method, FP status was not associated with mortality or alarm symptoms.
Conclusions: Although FP status was associated with long-term aerodigestive cancers, new cases were not temporally related and did not exceed incidence estimates from general population.
Impact: These observations do not justify aggressive follow-up evaluation for patients with FP MT-sDNA at this time. Larger studies are needed to confirm these early findings. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 614–21. ©2016 AACR.
Cenas em jogo: a exacerbação da ambiguidade
Authors: Tardivo Renato 
Published: December 2016

O filme Jogo de cena (2007) habita a linha tênue entre ficção e não ficção e inaugura novas possibilidades contidas na linguagem documentário. Assim, o filme propõe uma discussão sobre a sua própria linguagem. Este artigo apresenta uma leitura de Jogo de cena e discute a oposição entre documentário e ficção, atentando-se para a presença do unheimlich descrito por Freud (1919/2010) e traduzido como aquilo que é estranho, não familiar, inquietante. Ainda reflete, a partir do documentário, a qualidade dos vínculos banalizados que estabelecemos na contemporaneidade – o trânsito banalizado do real ao artifício. Jogo de cena inverte esse trânsito, de modo a convocar o espectador a se implicar nas relações que estabelece. Desse modo, se podemos considerar toda ficção é um documentário, analogamente, todo documentário é uma ficção, pois as possibilidades de apreensão do real são um mistério.
Cystatin C Is a Crucial Endogenous Protective Determinant Against Stroke
Authors: Fang Zongping , Deng Jiao , Wu Zhixin , Dong Beibei , Wang Shiquan , Chen Xiaodan , Nie Huang , Dong Hailong , Xiong Lize 
Published: December 2016

Background and Purpose—
Endogenous neuroprotection can be induced by ischemic and nonischemic preconditioning. However, not all subjects that undergo preconditioning exhibit similar favorable outcome. This study is to explore the molecules responsible for this phenomenon and find new therapeutic targets for stroke.

Methods—
Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. High-throughput proteomic technique, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification, was used to screen differentially expressed proteins in the rats that developed ischemic tolerance from hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) preconditioning. The proteomic results were verified by Western blot and ELISA. Then, short interfering RNA and gene knockout rats were used to further determine the pivotal role of candidate proteins in HBO preconditioning–induced endogenous neuroprotection. Finally, lysosomal permeability was tested to elaborate the mechanism underlying this intrinsic neuroprotective effect.

Results—

Nine proteins differentially expressed in the serum of rats, which acquired benefits from HBO preconditioning, were screened and identified. Western blot and ELISA revealed that cystatin C (CysC) and mannose-binding lectin protein C were uniquely changed in rats with smaller infarction after HBO preconditioning and cerebral ischemia. Knockdown and knockout of CysC abolished HBO-induced neuroprotection. Moreover, HBO-induced endogenous CysC elevation preserved lysosomal membrane integrity after stroke in wild-type rats but not in CysC siRNA infusion or CysC
−
/−
rats. Most importantly, exogenous CysC also induced neuroprotection against ischemic/reperfusion injury.

Conclusions—
CysC is a crucial determinant contributing to endogenous neuroprotection. It is also a novel candidate for stroke treatment through maintaining lysosomal membrane integrity.