bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritable plant phenotypes track light and herbivory levels at fine spatial scales
Authors: Humphrey P.T. , Gloss A.D. , Frazier J. , Nelson–Dittrich A. C. , Faries S. , Whiteman N. K. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe biotic and the abiotic environment play a major role in shaping plant phenotypes and their geographic distributions. However, little is known about the extent to which plant phenotypes match local patterns of herbivory across fine-grained habitat mosaics, despite the strong effect of herbivory on plant fitness. Through a reciprocal transplant-common garden experiment with clonally propagated rhizomes, we tested for local phenotypic differentiation in bittercress (Brassicaceae:Cardamine cordifolia) plants collected across an ecotonal habitat mosaic. We found that bittercress in sunny meadows (high herbivory) and shaded understories (low herbivory) have diverged in heritable growth and herbivore resistance phenotypes. The expression of these differences was habitat dependent, mirroring patterns of adaptive divergence in phenotypic plasticity between plant populations in meadow and understory habitats at broader geographic scales, and showed no evidence for a constraint imposed by growth–defense tradeoffs. Most notably, plants derived from shade habitats exhibited a weaker shade-induced elongation response (i.e., shade avoidance syndrome, SAS) and reduced resistance to herbivory, relative to plants derived from sun habitats, when both were grown in shade common gardens. Greenhouse experiments revealed that divergent SAS phenotypes in shade conditions were expressed in offspring grown from seed as well. Finally, we observed partially non-overlapping flowering phenology between habitat-types in the field, which may be at least one factor that helps to reinforce habitat-specific phenotypic divergence. Altogether, our study illuminates how a native plant may cope with overlapping biotic and abiotic stressors across a fine-grained habitat mosaic.
Fibernet 2.0: An Automatic Neural Network Based Tool for Clustering White Matter Fibers in the Brain
Authors: Gupta Vikash , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Corbin Conor K. , Rashid Faisal , Thompson Paul M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe brain’s white matter fiber tracts are impaired in a range of common and devastating conditions, from Alzheimer’s disease to brain trauma, and in developmental disorders such as autism and neurogenetic syndromes. Many studies now examine the connectivity and microstructure of the brain’s neural pathways, spurring the development of algorithms to extract and measure tracts and fiber bundles. Clustering white matter (WM) fibers, from whole-brain tractography, into anatomically meaningful bundles is still a challenging problem. Existing tract segmentation methods use atlases or regions of interest (ROI) or unsupervised spectral clustering. Even so, atlas-based segmentation does not always partition the brain into a set of recognizable fiber bundles. Deep learning techniques can be applied to automatically segment and cluster white matter fibers. Here we propose a robust approach using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to learn shape features of the fiber bundles, which we then exploit to cluster WM fibers into bundles. In a range of tests across diverse fiber bundles, we illustrate the accuracy of our method, and its ability to suppress false positive fibers.
Distinct ‘safe zones’ at the nuclear envelope ensure robust replication of heterochromatic chromosome regions
Authors: Ebrahimi Hani , Masuda Hirohisa , Jain Devanshi , Cooper Julia Promisel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChromosome replication and transcription occur within a complex nuclear milieu whose functional subdomains are beginning to be mapped out. Here we delineate distinct domains of the fission yeast nuclear envelope (NE), focusing on regions enriched for the inner NE protein, Bqt4, or the lamin interacting domain protein, Lem2. Bqt4 is relatively mobile around the NE and acts in two capacities. First, Bqt4 tethers chromosome termini and thematlocus to the NE specifically while these regions are replicating. This positioning is required for robust chromatin replication. Second, Bqt4 mobilizes a subset of Lem2 molecules around the NE to promote pericentric heterochromatin maintenance. Opposing Bqt4-dependent Lem2 mobility are factors that stabilize Lem2 beneath the centrosome, where Lem2 plays a crucial role in kinetochore maintenance. Our data prompt a model in which Bqt4-rich nuclear subdomains are ‘safe zones’ in which collisions between transcription and replication are averted and heterochromatin is reassembled faithfully.
Auxiliary ATP binding sites power rapid unwinding by RecBCD
Authors: Zananiri Rani , Gaydar Vera , Yahalom Dan , Malik Omri , Rudnizky Sergei , Kaplan Ariel , Henn Arnon 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTRecBCD, responsible for the initiation of double stranded break repair in bacteria, is a processive DNA helicase with an unwinding rate approaching ∼1,600 bp·s−1. The mechanism enabling RecBCD to achieve such fast unwinding rate is not known. We employed a combination of equilibrium and time–resolved binding experiments, and ensemble and single molecule activity assays to uncover the molecular mechanism underlying RecBCD’s rapid catalysis. We report the existence of auxiliary binding sites, where ATP binds with lower affinity and with distinct chemical interactions as compared to the known catalytic sites. The catalytic rate of RecBCD is reduced both by preventing and by strengthening ATP binding to these sites, suggesting that the dynamics of ATP at these sites modulates the enzyme’s rate. We propose a model by which RecBCD achieves its fast unwinding rate by utilizing the weaker binding sites to increase the flux of ATP to its catalytic sites.
Bioassay of derived components from venom of Iranian medically important scorpions to identify the bradykinin potentiating factors
Authors: Goudarzi Hamid Reza , Nazari Ali , Noofeli Mojtaba , Samiani Maedeh 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe venom of animals, including snakes, scorpions and spiders is a complex combination of proteins, peptides, and other biomolecules as well as some minerals. Among the biomolecules, some peptides prevent converting of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 by inhibiting of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) and finally reducing the blood pressure in the victims. The aim of the present study was to isolate venom components of the three species of Iranian medically important scorpions and to study the bradykinin potentiating effect of them. Separation of the venom components for each scorpion was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The range of fractions (zones) obtained in several replicates on Guinea pig ileum and rat uterus tissues were performed using organ bath instrument. The bioassays were resulted in the peptides including Z1 and Z2 regions of venom chromatogram of the Hottentotta sulcyi, Z2 for Odontobutus doriea and Z2 and Z3 in Mesobutus eupeus venom demonstrated bradykinin potentiating effect.
Molecular identification of stone loaches of Choman River system, Tigris Basin, based on the Cytochrome b gene with an overview of the Cobitoidea Superfamily
Authors: Ghaderi Edris , Farahmand Hamid , Bahrami Kamangar Barzan , Nematollahi Mohammad A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMolecular data and phylogenetic relationships of four Choman loaches species (Oxynoemacheilus chomanicus, O. zagrosensis, O. kurdistanicus and Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi) recently morphologically described from western Iran were evaluated with 64 species from the Cobitoidea superfamily based on their cytochrome b sequences to exhibit the placement of the Choman loaches species within the Cobitoidea superfamily. A comparative analysis of Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) distances was accomplished using sequence divergences of Cobitoidea to calculate intra and interspecific in superfamily, family and genus taxa. The average intraspecific K2P genetic distances of Choman loaches species was 0.005 whereas this value was 0.016 for the Cobitoidea superfamily. Molecular phylogenetic relationships were assessed using Maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Dendrograms obtained by these methods revealed all four Choman loaches species as distinct species among other reported Nemacheilidae Spp. These species were clustered with Oxynoemacheilus and Turcinoemacheilus genera within other species in the Nemacheilidae family. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that Cobitoidea superfamily consists of nine families ((Gyrinocheilidae + Botiidae) + ((Catostomidae + Vaillentellidae) + ((Nemacheilidae + Cobitidae) + ((Ellopostomidae + Gastromyzontidae) + Balitoridae)))) and indicated Nemacheilidae is a valid and distinct family from Balitoridae.
Political economy of Malawi: contextual leadership in expanding entrepreneurial businesses
Authors: Scheepers Caren , White Lyal , Kitimbo Adrian 
Published: October 2017

Subject areaLeadership; Political Economy; Strategy; Entrepreneurship.Study level/applicabilityMasters in Business Administration (MBA); MPhil in Strategic Leadership.Case overviewOn 5 February 2016, South African entrepreneur Jannie Van Eeden faced a dilemma about whether to expand his current businesses or not. He had to choose between focusing exclusively on hospitality and tourism or dividing his time and resources between the tourism business and expanding his existing logistics business. Expansions to his logistics business would entail investing in a warehouse and supplying fresh produce to the lodges in the wider area of Lake Malawi where he was based. Van Eeden realised that he needed to take into account the political economy of Malawi in unpacking the contextual variables related to his decision. Various stakeholders’ roles are illustrated in the case, for example the government’s role in enabling entrepreneurial businesses as well as the investments made by foreign organisations and international donors.Expected learning outcomesDevelopment of leaders who can take contextually intelligent decisions. Insights into conducting Political Economy analysis to enable doing business in Africa.Supplementary materialsTeaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or emailsupport@emeraldinsight.comto request teaching notes.Subject codeCSS 7: Management Science.
The journey of Blitz: challenges lie in running the family business
Authors: Subramaiam Sloksana , Quoquab Farzana , Mohammad Jihad 
Published: October 2017

Subject area
This case can be used in teaching Marketing Management, Principles of Marketing and Consumer Behavior. More specifically, marketing strategies, growth strategies, market segmentation.

Study level/applicability
This case is designed for undergraduate and MBA students.

Case overview
This case illustrates the challenges a woman faces taking on the running of her family business, without any prior experience. Hema is a well-educated girl with a diploma in childhood education from UTM-Johor; she was happily working as a school teacher. Her parents are entrepreneurs Encik Sittumalai and Puan Rani. Her Mother Puan Rani set up a business in 2005, under the name of Blitz, producing and selling Indian cookies. In 2010, Blitz was one of the best homemade Indian cookies in the market of Johor Bahru, and supplied their products to five main Indian restaurants. In March 2012, Rani was diagnosed with final stage colon cancer and as a result the business was halted, and the organization was not able to pay employees’ salaries. Hema found herself left with no choice but to resign from her teaching job and take care of the family business.

Expected learning outcomes
From this case, it is expected that the students will be able to: understand the fundamental functions of marketing; learn about the four Ps of marketing including product, price, promotion and place; learn about different techniques and strategies to analyze organizations and market situation including SWOT and Porter’s five forces; gain knowledge about market segmentation and growth strategies; identify problems and challenges faced by a new manager in running a company; analyze a situation whereby a new manager needs to adapt to a new role, duties and responsibilities; analyze the external and internal environment using SWOT; understand competition using Porter’s 5 forces; think thoroughly, deeply and critically to make a decision that can solve the problem in hand.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.
Uber taxi cab-handling crisis communication
Authors: Maheshwari Nidhi 
Published: October 2017

Subject area
The case is written for MBA or senior undergraduate courses on communication global strategy, leadership or strategy implementation.

Study level/applicability
The case is written for MBA or senior undergraduate courses on communication global strategy, leadership or strategy implementation. The case can be taught towards the end of a communications course to learn about crisis communications and the importance of understanding the local institutional and socio-political contexts, including the media during a crisis. For a strategy implementation class, this case can be used in the segment focusing on action and leadership.

Case overview
An extremely difficult situation arose for Uber Cab, a US-based company operating in India, on December 8, 2014, when its taxi services were banned by the Delhi government due to growing anger over the suspected rape of a 27-year-old female executive by one of its drivers. Uber Cab claims that it offers the “safest rides on the road”, but this episode proved otherwise, as the accused was identified as a repeat offender. Initial interrogation by the police highlighted the negligence of the company regarding background checks and police verification while recruiting driver partners. The police further revealed that the driver did not have a Delhi Transport Authority-issued license. Furthermore, the company was not able to provide a call log to police, as such information was said to be gathered at the company’s headquarters in New York. To handle this situation, Uber Cab suspended its operations until the company could apply for a fresh registration and trade license. What was the significance of this incident to a brand like Uber Cab? Could its effect on the regulation of taxi services have been anticipated? How and when should the brand have reacted? Looking forward, what contingency planning would be appropriate? Should brand management, customer service management or the human resources department have been held accountable, or did the responsibility lie elsewhere in the organization?

Expected learning outcomes
The expected learning outcomes are as follows: to understand how institutional differences can create unintended consequences for an multinational enterprise working in an emerging market (early-stage institutions); to understand the critical role of a country manager in mobilizing the local organization and the headquarters to respond to a crisis; also, the role of the headquarters to provide flexibility and support to the local executive; and to understand the inevitable role of the local press in an organizational crisis, and the need for business leaders to deal with the press effectively.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human Resource Management.
The impacts of hotels’ error management culture on customer engagement behaviors (CEBs)
Authors: Wei Wei , Hua Nan , Fu Xiaoxiao , Guchait Priyanko 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Drawing upon an error management perspective, this study aims to examine how in the wake of an information security breach, a hotel’s error management culture influences customer engagement behaviors and trust. The potential moderating effects of the perceived error controllability are also assessed.

Design/methodology/approach
This study develops four experimental conditions concerning a privacy breach in Hotel A, where different levels of error controllability and error management culture are manipulated for testing hypotheses. Data collection is administered with the help of Amazon Mechanical Turk.

Findings
The findings from 235 former hotel guests show significant influences of error management culture on customer engagement behaviors, which are mediated by consumer trust. No moderating effect of the perceived error controllability is found.

Practical implications
This study stresses the significance of cultivating a high error management culture and communicating it to attract consumers. It also provides guidance to hoteliers for adopting effective error analysis and management approaches, improving customer engagement and, ultimately, enhancing the firm’s performance.

Originality/value
The results of this study expand the error management literature by studying the impacts of error management within the organization to its impacts on consumer-related outcomes. Further, this study contributes to the customer engagement literature by focusing on a series of customer engagement behaviors after a service failure scenario. Third, this study extends previous service failure and recovery literature to credence-related service encounters.
Female underperformance or goal orientated behavior?
Authors: Watson John , Stuetzer Michael , Zolin Roxanne 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of an owner’s growth goal on the relationship between the gender of new venture owners and the growth outcomes of their ventures.Design/methodology/approachThis is a quantitative study using a large, national database and structural equation modeling.FindingsThe findings indicate that the negative relationship between gender and growth outcomes is fully mediated by the growth goals of new venture owners, their available internal resources and the amount of time and money they are able (prepared) to invest in their new venture.Research limitations/implicationsThe research implications include the need to better understand the impact of goal setting on new venture performance outcomes.Practical implicationsThe government policies (for example, to stimulate firm growth) need to be designed by having a proper understanding of the various motives/goals that entrepreneurs might have when launching a new venture. Similarly, anyone providing advice to individuals involved in establishing a new venture should, before providing that advice, ensure that they have a clear understanding of the individual’s goals.Social implicationsSocial implications include a need to better understand the negative impact that lower available human and financial capital can have on the goals set by female new venture owners and the outcomes achieved by those ventures.Originality/valueThis research makes an original contribution to the literature by demonstrating: the impact of gender on human, social and financial capital; the influence of these resources on new venture goals; and, in turn, the influence of goals on new venture performance outcomes.
Gender diversity and innovation in mining – a corpus-based discourse analysis
Authors: Fältholm Ylva , Norberg Cathrine 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to gain increased knowledge about gender diversity and innovation in mining by analyzing how women are discursively represented in relation to these two concepts, and in doing so establish how diversity management is received and communicated in the industry.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on analysis of texts including references to gender diversity and innovation in mining found on the web. The tool used to retrieve the data has been WebCorpLive, a tool designed for linguistic analysis of web material.FindingsAlthough increased female representation is communicated as a key component in the diversity management discourse, based on the idea that diversity increases innovation and creativity, closer analysis of texts on diversity and innovation in mining shows that what women are expected to contribute with has little explicit connection with innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes with increased knowledge about diversity management by providing an example of how it is received in a traditionally male-dominated industry.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that for diversity management to have a real effect in mining, it needs to be based on gender equality and social justice motives, rather than on a business case rationale – the principal motive today. To enable this change, stereotypical gender patterns, as shown in this study, need to be made visible and problematized among policy makers, practitioners and actors on all levels of the industry.Originality valueThe study contributes with new knowledge about gender in the mining industry previously not attended to by using a method which so far has been sparsely used in discourse analysis, although pointed out as promising.
Challenging gender norms and practices through women’s entrepreneurship
Authors: Bianco M. Emilia , Lombe Margaret , Bolis Mara 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of women’s entrepreneurship to bring about greater gender equality. Understanding women’s entrepreneurship as a gendered process (Bird and Brush, 2002), the study presents the challenges encountered by women entrepreneurs as a result of gender ideologies. It documents structural barriers, discriminatory interactions and oppressive gender scripts and their effects on the women and their businesses. Acknowledging women’s possibilities for agency and resistance, the study analyzes how women entrepreneurs conform, contest or negotiate gender scripts and constraints, and looks at the consequences of these actions.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing from elements of social interactionism and the doing and undoing gender theories, the authors use a feminist theoretic framework to guide analysis of qualitative data from two focus groups conducted with 19 women entrepreneurs in Colombia.

Findings
Gender ideologies were manifested in the forms of interrelated structural barriers that restricted women entrepreneurs’ access to resources. Social interactions represented spaces in which gender ideologies were reinforced, but also spaces women used to produce changes through resistance and accommodation strategies. Entrepreneurship was associated with positive changes toward greater gender equality, although negative consequences were reported.

Research limitations/implications
Due to the limited sample, more studies across countries may be needed for the consolidation of a generalizable theoretical framework.

Originality/value
This study presents a feminist theoretic framework in dialogue with the lived experiences of women entrepreneurs. It observes the processes of change toward gender equality embedded in business development.
Making meaning as well as money: the experience of young female entrepreneurs
Authors: Lewis Kate V. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to focus on the meaning of entrepreneurial work for young female entrepreneurs. Specific domains of exploratory emphasis are: the link between the individual and the business; the entwinement of self-esteem and business outcomes; and the language of attachment.Design/methodology/approachFour longitudinal case studies using multiple in-depth, phenomenologically oriented interviews inform the paper.FindingsThe nature of the relationship between the entrepreneurs and their work was intense and all-encompassing. Further, this sample overlaid their stories with an emotional dimension that was inseparable from the narratives of “business life” and openly advocated this emotional way of working.Originality valueCoverage of age and gender in relation to entrepreneurship is virtually non-existent.