bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexually dimorphic gene expressions in eels: useful markers for early sex assessment in a conservation context
Authors: Geffroy Benjamin , Guilbaud Florian , Amilhat Elsa , Beaulaton Laurent , Vignon Matthias , Huchet Emmanuel , Rives Jacques , Bobe Julien , Fostier Alexis , Guiguen Yann , Bardonnet Agnès 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEnvironmental sex determination (ESD) has been detected in a range of vertebrate reptile and fish species. Eels are characterized by an ESD that occurs relatively late, since sex cannot be histologically determined before individuals reach 28 cm. Because several eel species are at risk of extinction, assessing sex at the earliest stage is a crucial management issue. Based on preliminary results of RNA sequencing, we targeted genes susceptible to be differentially expressed between ovaries and testis at different stages of development. Using qPCR, we detected testis-specific expressions of dmrt1, amh, gsdf and pre-miR202 and ovary-specific expressions were obtained for zar1, zp3 and foxn5. We showed that gene expressions in the gonad of intersexual eels were quite similar to those of males, supporting the idea that intersexual eels represent a transitional stage towards testicular differentiation. To assess whether these genes would be effective early molecular markers, we sampled juvenile eels in two locations with highly skewed sex ratios. The combined expression of six of these genes allowed the discrimination of groups according to their potential future sex and thus this appears to be a useful tool to estimate sex ratios of undifferentiated juvenile eels.
A 16-bit Coherent Ising Machine for One-Dimensional Ring and Cubic Graph Problems
Authors: Takata Kenta , Marandi Alireza , Hamerly Ryan , Haribara Yoshitaka , Maruo Daiki , Tamate Shuhei , Sakaguchi Hiromasa , Utsunomiya Shoko , Yamamoto Yoshihisa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMany tasks in our modern life, such as planning an efficient travel, image processing and optimizing integrated circuit design, are modeled as complex combinatorial optimization problems with binary variables. Such problems can be mapped to finding a ground state of the Ising Hamiltonian, thus various physical systems have been studied to emulate and solve this Ising problem. Recently, networks of mutually injected optical oscillators, called coherent Ising machines, have been developed as promising solvers for the problem, benefiting from programmability, scalability and room temperature operation. Here, we report a 16-bit coherent Ising machine based on a network of time-division-multiplexed femtosecond degenerate optical parametric oscillators. The system experimentally gives more than 99.6% of success rates for one-dimensional Ising ring and nondeterministic polynomial-time (NP) hard instances. The experimental and numerical results indicate that gradual pumping of the network combined with multiple spectral and temporal modes of the femtosecond pulses can improve the computational performance of the Ising machine, offering a new path for tackling larger and more complex instances.
Large Area Fabrication of Semiconducting Phosphorene by Langmuir-Blodgett Assembly
Authors: Kaur Harneet , Yadav Sandeep , Srivastava Avanish. K. , Singh Nidhi , Schneider Jörg J. , Sinha Om. P. , Agrawal Ved V. , Srivastava Ritu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPhosphorene is a recently new member of the family of two dimensional (2D) inorganic materials. Besides its synthesis it is of utmost importance to deposit this material as thin film in a way that represents a general applicability for 2D materials. Although a considerable number of solvent based methodologies have been developed for exfoliating black phosphorus, so far there are no reports on controlled organization of these exfoliated nanosheets on substrates. Here, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, a mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and deoxygenated water is employed as a subphase in Langmuir-Blodgett trough for assembling the nanosheets followed by their deposition on substrates and studied its field-effect transistor characteristics. Electron microscopy reveals the presence of densely aligned, crystalline, ultra-thin sheets of pristine phosphorene having lateral dimensions larger than hundred of microns. Furthermore, these assembled nanosheets retain their electronic properties and show a high current modulation of 104 at room temperature in field-effect transistor devices. The proposed technique provides semiconducting phosphorene thin films that are amenable for large area applications.
The brain, obesity and addiction: an EEG neuroimaging study
Authors: De Ridder Dirk , Manning Patrick , Leong Sook Ling , Ross Samantha , Sutherland Wayne , Horwath Caroline , Vanneste Sven 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObesity is among the greatest challenges facing healthcare systems with 20% of the world’s population afflicted. Great controversy exists whether obesity can be regarded as an addictive disorder or not. Recently the Yale Food Addiction Scale questionnaire has been developed as a tool to identify individuals with traits of addiction towards food. Using clinical and source localized EEG data we dichotomize obesity. Brain activity in food-addicted and non-food-addicted obese people is compared to alcohol-addicted and non-addicted lean controls. We show that food addiction shares common neural brain activity with alcohol addiction. This ‘addiction neural brain activity’ consists of the dorsal and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal area and precuneus. Furthermore, common neural obesity neural brain activity exists as well. The ‘obesity neural brain activity’ consists of dorsal and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate extending into the precuneus/cuneus as well as the parahippocampal and inferior parietal area. However food-addicted differ from non-food-addicted obese people by opposite activity in the anterior cingulate gyrus. This food addiction and non-food-addiction obesity dichotomy demonstrates there is at least 2 different kinds of obesity with overlapping network activity, but different in anterior cingulate cortex activity.
Enhanced superconductivity in aluminum-based hyperbolic metamaterials
Authors: Smolyaninova Vera N. , Jensen Christopher , Zimmerman William , Prestigiacomo Joseph C. , Osofsky Michael S. , Kim Heungsoo , Bassim Nabil , Xing Zhen , Qazilbash Mumtaz M. , Smolyaninov Igor I. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOne of the most important goals of condensed matter physics is materials by design, i.e. the ability to reliably predict and design materials with a set of desired properties. A striking example is the deterministic enhancement of the superconducting properties of materials. Recent experiments have demonstrated that the metamaterial approach is capable of achieving this goal, such as tripling the critical temperature TC in Al-Al2O3 epsilon near zero (ENZ) core-shell metamaterial superconductors. Here, we demonstrate that an Al/Al2O3 hyperbolic metamaterial geometry is capable of a similar TC enhancement, while having superior transport and magnetic properties compared to the core-shell metamaterial superconductors.
A novel animal model for skin flap prelamination with biomaterials
Authors: Zhou Xianyu , Luo Xusong , Liu Fei , Gu Chuan , Wang Xi , Yang Qun , Qian Yunliang , Yang Jun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSeveral animal models of skin flap construction were reported using biomaterials in a way similar to prefabrication. However, there are few animal model using biomaterials similar to prelamination, another main way of clinical skin flap construction that has been proved to be reliable. Can biomaterials be added in skin flap prelamination to reduce the use of autogenous tissues? Beside individual clinical attempts, animal model is needed for randomized controlled trial to objectively evaluate the feasibility and further investigation. Combining human Acellular Dermal Matrix (hADM) and autologous skin graft, we prelaminated flaps based on inguinal fascia. One, two, three and four weeks later, hADM exhibited a sound revascularization and host cell infiltration. Prelaminated skin flaps were then raised and microsurgically transplanted back to groin region. Except for flaps after one week of prelamination, flaps from other subgroups successfully reconstructed defects. After six to sixteen weeks of transplantation, hADM was proved to being able to maintain its original structure, having a wealth of host tissue cells and achieving full revascularization.To our knowledge, this is the first animal model of prelaminating skin flap with biomaterials. Success of this animal model indicates that novel flap prelamination with biomaterials is feasible.
Saliva protein biomarkers to detect oral squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk population in Taiwan
Authors: Yu Jau-Song , Chen Yi-Ting , Chiang Wei-Fan , Hsiao Yung-Chin , Chu Lichieh Julie , See Lai-Chu , Wu Chi-Sheng , Tu Hui-Tzu , Chen Hsiao-Wei , Chen Chia-Chun , Liao Wei-Chao , Chang Ya-Ting , Wu Chih-Ching , Lin Che-Yi , Liu Shyun-Yeu , Chiou Shu-Ti , Chia Shu-Li , Chang Kai-Ping , Chien Chih-Yen , Chang Su-Wei , Chang Chee-Jen , Young John D. , Pao Chia C. , Chang Yu-Sun , Hartwell Leland H. 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90% of oral cancers, and earlier detection efficiently increases the survival rate. Here, we used a comprehensive literature review to select candidates and used LC-multiple reaction monitoring-MS to qualitatively and quantitatively measure target proteins in saliva samples from individuals of the at-risk population in Taiwan. Statistical analysis of the results establishes a four-protein panel sufficient to detect 88.6% of early-stage patients and 91.6% of all patients with 80.4% specificity. This panel can also be used to evaluate the risk of malignant progression from high-risk oral potential malignant disorder. Our study offers a practical foundation for clinical trials examining the ability of this panel to enable early detection of OSCC, risk assessment for cancer development, and treatment monitoring.
Host specificity in parasitic plants—perspectives from
mistletoes
Authors: Okubamichael Desale Y. , Griffiths Megan E. , Ward David 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Host specificity has been investigated for centuries in mistletoes, viruses, insects, parasitoids, lice and flukes, yet it is poorly understood. Reviewing the numerous studies on mistletoe host specificity may contribute to our understanding of these plants and put into context the dynamics at work in root parasitic plants and animal parasites. The mechanisms that determine host specificity in mistletoes are not as well documented and understood as those in other groups of parasites. To rectify this, we synthesized the available literature and analyzed data compiled from herbaria, published monographs and our own field studies in South Africa. As for other groups of parasites, multiple factors influence mistletoe host specificity. Initially, pollination affects gene flow. Subsequently, seed dispersal vectors (birds and marsupials), host abundance and compatibility (genetic, morphological, physiological and chemical), history and environmental conditions affect the interaction of mistletoes and their hosts and determine host specificity. Mistletoe–host network analyses and a geographic mosaic approach combined with long-term monitoring of reciprocal transplant experiments, genetic analyses of confined mistletoe populations and comparative phylogenetic studies could provide further insights to our understanding of host specificity. Some of these approaches have been used to study animal–plant interactions and could be adopted to test and evaluate host specificity in mistletoes at local and larger geographic scales.
Extremely fast orbital decay of the black hole X-ray binary Nova Muscae 1991
Authors: González Hernández J. I. , Suárez-Andrés L. , Rebolo R. , Casares J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We present new medium-resolution spectroscopic observations of the black hole X-ray binary Nova Muscae 1991 taken with X-Shooter spectrograph installed at the 8.2-m VLT telescope. These observations allow us to measure the time of inferior conjunction of the secondary star with the black hole in this system that, together with previous measurements, yield an orbital period decay of $\skew4\dot{P}=-20.7\pm 12.7$ ms yr−1 (−24.5 ± 15.1 μs per orbital cycle). This is significantly faster than those previously measured in the other black hole X-ray binaries A0620-00 and XTE J1118+480. No standard black hole X-ray binary evolutionary model is able to explain this extremely fast orbital decay. At this rate, the secondary star would reach the event horizon (as given by the Schwarzschild radius of about 32 km) in roughly 2.7 Myr. This result has dramatic implications on the evolution and lifetime of black hole X-ray binaries.
Development of cross-correlation spectrometry and the coherent structures of maser sources
Authors: Takefuji Kazuhiro , Imai Hiroshi , Sekido Mamoru 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We have developed a new method of data processing for radio telescope observation data to measure time-dependent temporal coherence, and we have named it “cross-correlation spectrometry” (XCS). XCS is an autocorrelation procedure that expands time lags over the integration time and is applied to data obtained from a single-dish observation. The temporal coherence property of received signals is enhanced by XCS. We tested the XCS technique using the data of strong H2O masers in W 3 (H2O), W 49 N, and W 75 N. We obtained the temporal coherent lengths of the maser emission to be 17.95 ± 0.33 μs, 26.89 ± 0.49 μs, and 15.95 ± 0.46 μs for W 3 (H2O), W 49 N, and W 75 N, respectively. These results may indicate the existence of a coherent astrophysical maser.
Teaching Third Year Medical Students Communication and Empathy Skills: Be Explicit and Use Examples
Authors: Toy Eugene , Ownby Allison , Hamburger Marcelle , Hsieh Peggy , Hormann Mark , Butler Patricia 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND:
Physician communication and interpersonal skills (CIS) are increasingly recognized as important to patient care and patient satisfaction. To enhance our medical students' competence in this area, a 2-hour workshop was developed.

METHODS:
Over two consecutive days, third year medical students participated in a 2 hours workshop on interpersonal and communication skills (40-minute lecture, 80-minute standardized patient [SP] encounters). Lecture content was identical during the 2 days with the exception of two slides relating to empathy: on day 1, the empathy queries and statements were described generally with one example of each, whereas on day 2, five examples of specific questions and statements of empathy were provided. After the lecture, participants were directed to predetermined groups of four students to one SP. Each student was assigned a different patient scenario, and allowed 10 minutes to elicit a history. Standardized CIS assessment forms were filled out by the student interviewer (self-assessment), the other students in the group (peer assessment), and the SP. feedback was given after each students' encounter with the SP within their group.

RESULTS:
A total of 237 students consented to participate in the study. The demographics for day 1 and day 2 students were similar. Day 2 students scored better on the standardized patient CIS average cumulative scores (32.0±5.4 versus 28.3±6.2, P<.001), pass rate (78.0% versus 46.5%, P<.001), and proportion attaining exemplary status (27.6% versus 9.6%, P<.01). There were no differences in mean SP rated CIS scores within the day 1 subgroups or day 2 subgroups.

DISCUSSION:
Explicit and multiple examples of empathy queries and statements may be a key curricular component for teaching medical students and leads to improved communication and empathy scores.
A Perceptual Adaptive Learning Module Results in Improved Fetal Heart Rate Categorization
Authors: Wong Melissa , Krasne Sally 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND:
No published studies have evaluated the best method of teaching FHR interpretation. The PALM has been shown to improve learning in skills which require pattern recognition.

METHODS:
All subjects underwent a pretest and received a basic FHR physiology lecture. The subjects were then either exposed to the PALM or to additional lecture time reviewing the details of FHR categorization. All subjects then took a posttest, delayed test 6 weeks later, and survey.

RESULTS:
Sixteen subjects completed the PALM module and 19 were assigned to additional lecture. Only the PALM showed significant improvement in accuracy and fluency from the pretest to posttest (accuracy 35% versus 71%, P<.05; fluency 27% versus 65%, P<.05). Both interventions showed significant improvement in accuracy and fluency on the delayed test reflecting learning throughout the rotation. However, the PALM showed a significantly greater improvement as compared to the lecture group in both the posttest (accuracy 71% versus 47%, P<.05; fluency 65% versus 31%, P<.05) and the delayed test (fluency 58% versus 41%, P=.05).

DISCUSSION:
The PALM resulted in more accurate and fluent categorization of FHR tracings compared to traditional lecture methods, and the effect persisted on delayed testing.
A Regional Resident Readiness Course to Facilitate the Transition From Student to Doctor
Authors: Yu Hope , Evans Katherine , Hampton Brittany , Baecher-Lind Laura , Everett Elise 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND:
Given the variability in fourth year medical student experiences, educators are concerned that students are not equally prepared for internship. RRCs, or “bootcamps,” improve participant confidence and skills. For many medical schools, the low number of students entering Ob/Gyn does not justify investing in resources needed for a RRC. Institutional collaboration allows for resource consolidation, inter-professional education, and teaching innovation.

METHODS:
A 2-week curriculum was designed to meet M1 and CEPA objectives. The RRC included lecture, case- and team-based activities, and simulation training. Enrollees included thirteen fourth-year medical students from three New England medical schools. Before and after the curriculum, students rated their confidence in meeting M1 and CEPA objectives and completed the APGO Knowledge Assessment Test. Quantitative data were analyzed via Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests (P<.05). Curricular sessions were evaluated on a 10-point Likert scale for speaker engagement, knowledge, and organization, as well as relevance to training.

RESULTS:
Participants were more confident in their capacity to meet M1 and CEPA objectives in 35 of 37 domains. Their confidence in technical abilities improved in 35 of 35 skills. They were more confident in their ability to balance work with personal life, teach students, provide feedback, and deliver hand-offs. The pre- and post-RRC APGO Knowledge Test means were 71±10 (N=12), and 76±7 (N=5), respectively. Qualitative assessment of curricular sessions was consistently positive, averaging >9/10 in all metrics.

DISCUSSION:
In addition to our RRC being successful in terms of multi-institutional collaboration, it also proved highly efficacious in enhancing the knowledge, technical skills, and confidence of participants. Statistical significance in APGO Knowledge Test results may have been achieved with a larger sample size, as M1 and CEPA ratings almost universally improved. Future measurements include polling residency directors regarding performance of residents and collecting confidence and medical knowledge ratings from participants throughout their internship. A multi-institutional RRC provides substantial benefit to medical students transitioning to residency. This has implications for the development of such programs on a national scale.
A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical Education
Authors: Dagdag Ariana , Deak Pamela , Huang Sherry , LaCoursiere D. Yvette 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND:
The volume of Ob-Gyn MedEd research is steadily increasing. Systematic reviews of Ob-Gyn MedEd research are limited and no comprehensive systematic review of RCTs has been completed.

METHODS:
A literature search encompassing Ob-Gyn MedEd RCTs published between January 2000 and July 2015 was performed. MEDLINE database and author references were searched. Inclusion criteria included: obstetrics and gynecology and related subspecialties, and undergraduate and graduate medical education. Abstracts were coded based on topics, study subjects, data collection method, method of randomization, journal type and statistical methodology. Each manuscript was independently assessed by 2 reviewers. PRISMA guidelines were followed for the planning, conduct and reporting of the review.

RESULTS:
Fifty-one abstracts meeting inclusion criteria were evaluated. The most common RCT topics studied were simulation (57%), educator approach (12%), and teaching the clinical sciences (8%). Methods of data collection include use of performance scoring and global rating scales (51%), and surveys, questionnaires, and written testing (33%). Groups studied included residents (59%), medical students (39%), and both (2%). Studies were published in obstetrics and/or gynecology journals (71%), followed by surgery (10%) and medical education (8%).

DISCUSSION:
There are few studies with sufficient commonalities to perform meta-analyses on Ob-Gyn MedEd topics. The data provide a road map for future studies.
An Assessment of Knowledge and Comfort Surrounding Pessary Use Among US Ob/Gyn Residents
Authors: Kandadai Padma , Sullivan Gina , Larrieux J. , O'Dell Katharine 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND:
There is limited information regarding residents' attitudes towards and comfort with pessary use.

METHODS:
A 31-item anonymous electronic survey (Qualtrics 2015, Provo, Utah) regarding attitudes towards, education, and comfort with pessaries was distributed to all U.S. Ob/Gyn residents. Surveys completed between March 1 and June 15, 2015 were used. Participants answered questions regarding pessary education and comfort with pessary-use using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistical analysis was used with P.

RESULTS:
Four hundred seventy-eight completed surveys were returned (response rate 40%). Mean age was 29.5 (±0.12) years. Participants were evenly distributed among PGY levels (PGY1-25%, PGY2-28%, PGY3-25%, PGY4-22%). Eighty-three percent reported having a dedicated urogynecology rotation, and 72% had a urogynecology fellowship in the department. Compared with junior residents (PGY-1/2), senior residents (PGY-3/4) reported significantly more experience in pessary fitting (77% versus 32%), current feelings of adequate preparation (72% versus 47%), and comfort with pessary management now (72% versus 25%) and anticipated after graduation (70% versus 67%). Having a dedicated urogynecology rotation and outpatient urogynecology experience played a significant role in this comfort, as did having formal didactics specific to pessary fitting and management (P<.001). Having a urogynecology fellowship and receiving didactics only on prolapse and incontinence did not impact comfort and preparation.

DISCUSSION:
Formal rotations with outpatient experience specific to urogynecology and pessary-focused didactics may improve resident comfort with incorporating pessary use into their practice.