bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Accessibility of Primary Care in England: A Cross‐Sectional Study Using a Floating Catchment Area Method
Authors: Bauer Jan , Müller Ruth , Brüggmann Dörthe , Groneberg David A. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo analyze the general practitioners (GPs) with regard to the degree of urbanization, social deprivation, general health, and disability.Data SourcesSmall area population data and GP practice data in England.Study DesignWe used a floating catchment area method to measure spatial GP accessibility with regard to the degree of urbanization, social deprivation, general health, and disability.Data CollectionData were collected from the Office for National Statistics and the general practice census and analyzed using a geographic information system.Principal FindingsIn all, 25.8 percent of the population in England lived in areas with a significant low GP accessibility (mean z‐score: −4.2); 27.6 percent lived in areas with a significant high GP accessibility (mean z‐score: 7.7); 97.8 percent of high GP accessibility areas represented urban areas, and 31.1 percent of low GP accessibility areas represented rural areas (correlation of accessibility and urbanity: r = 0.59; p<.001). Furthermore, a minor negative correlation with social deprivation was present (r = −0.19; p<.001). Results were confirmed by a multivariate analysis.ConclusionThis study showed substantially differing GP accessibility throughout England. However, socially deprived areas did not have poorer spatial access to GPs.
The BRICS’ New Development Bank: Shifting from Material Leverage to Innovative Capacity
Authors: Cooper Andrew F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article argues that the BRICS’ New Development Bank (NDB) deserves more attention not because it is equivalent to the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) but because of its differences. Unlike the AIIB the NDB does not possess impressive material capacity or overt connections to a wider state‐led geo‐political strategy. What distinguishes the NDB is its creative design with four significant elements of novelty. Unlike other multilateral financial institutions, including the AIIB, the NDB is committed to a principle of equality across its core membership. Product innovation is advanced by its promotion of sustainable development with an exclusive focus on niche clean renewable energy projects. The expressed aim of the NDB with regard to resources is to use green bonds denominated in BRICS’ national currencies. And the focus on delivery centers on the need for speed. Although each of these elements face severe tests, the ability of the NDB to navigate around serious internal tensions through improvisation and trade‐offs points to an original emerging pattern of collective policy making and global governance.
Intraoperative music application in children and adolescents – a pilot study
Authors: Buehler P. K. , Spielmann N. , Buehrer S. , Schmidt A. R. , Weiss M. , Schmitz A. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundHospitalization, surgery and anaesthesia may lead to new‐onset maladaptive behaviour, emotional distress and trauma. This pilot study aims to investigate the influence of intraoperatively applied music on post‐operative behaviour in children and adolescents.MethodsChildren with an ASA physical state classification of I or II, aged from 4 to 16 years and scheduled for elective circumcision or inguinal hernia repair under combined general and caudal anaesthesia were included. The children were randomized into two groups. They wore headphones during surgery, and were either exposed to music or not. All involved staff were blinded. Post‐operative behaviour was documented by parents on day 7, 14 and 28 after surgery, using a questionnaire adapted from the “Post Hospitalization Behavioural Questionnaire” (PHBQ). Overall occurrence of at least one item indicating maladaptive behaviour was the primary outcome. Data are presented as median (interquartile range).ResultsIn total, 135 children aged 6.6 (5.3–8.5) years, weighing 22 (19–29) kg, were included, with 112 completed questionnaires returned. Overall occurrence of at least one maladaptive item was lower in the music group, with a significantly lower incidence on day 7 (51% vs. 77% in controls; P < 0.01).ConclusionIntraoperative music application in children undergoing minor surgical procedures may reduce the incidence of post‐operative maladaptive behaviour within the first week.
Gender differences in the correlates of loneliness among Japanese persons aged 50–70
Authors: van den Broek Thijs 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore gender differences in the correlates of loneliness among Japanese persons aged 50–70.MethodsLogistic regression models were estimated on cross‐sectional Japanese Generations and Gender Survey data of 4057 persons aged 50–70. Loneliness was measured as having a score of 2 or higher on the shortened De Jong Gierveld loneliness scale.ResultsFor more than half of the respondents, De Jong Gierveld loneliness scores exceeded the threshold of 2. Loneliness was more prevalent among men than among women. Living without a spouse or partner was more strongly associated with loneliness for men than for women. Childlessness was more strongly associated with loneliness for women than for men.ConclusionA large proportion of Japanese people between 50 and 70, particularly men, are lonely. Programs aimed at reducing loneliness should acknowledge that antecedents of loneliness differ between women and men.
Brain metastases from colorectal cancer: characteristics and management
Authors: Mege Diane , Sans Arnaud , Ouaissi Mehdi , Iannelli Antonio , Sielezneff Igor 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundBrain metastases (BMs) are the most common intracranial neoplasms in adults, but they rarely arise from colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective of this study was to report an overview of the characteristics and current management of CRC BMs.MethodsA systematic review on CRC BMs was performed using Medline database from 1983 to 2015. The search was limited to studies published in English. Review articles, not relevant case report or studies or studies relating to animal and in vitro experiments were excluded.ResultsBMs occurred in 0.06–4% of patients with CRC. Most BMs were metachronous and were associated with lung (27–92%) and liver (12–80%) metastases. Treatment options depended on the number of BMs, the general conditions of the patient and the presence of other metastases. Most frequent treatment was whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT) alone (36%), with median overall survival comprised between 2 and 9 months. Median overall survival was better after surgery alone (from 3 to 16.2 months), or combined with WBRT (from 7.6 to 14 months). After stereotactic radiosurgery alone, overall survival could reach 9.5 months. Many favourable prognostic factors were identified, such as high Karnofsky performance status, low recursive partitioning analysis classes, lack of extracranial disease, low number of BMs and possibility to perform surgical treatment.ConclusionBMs from CRC are rare. In the presence of favourable prognostic factors, an aggressive management including surgical resection with or without WBRT or stereotactic radiosurgery can improve the overall survival.
Paediatric obesity treatment had better outcomes when children were younger, well motivated and did not have acanthosis nigricans
Authors: Dalla Valle Marketta , Laatikainen Tiina , Lehikoinen Miika , Nykänen Päivi , Jääskeläinen Jarmo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the efficacy of a paediatric obesity treatment programme and explored the factors that contributed to the outcome.MethodsWe recorded the body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI SDS) of 654 children aged 2‐18 years who were treated for obesity in 2005–2012 in three Finnish hospitals, one year before treatment and up to three years after treatment. The family‐based multidisciplinary treatment included nutritional advice, exercise and behavioural counselling. The BMI SDS changes, and their contributors, were explored with mixed‐model and logistic regression analyses.ResultsBMI SDS increased before baseline and decreased at six, 12 and 24 months (all p < 0.001) and 36 months (p = 0.005). Younger age (p < 0.001), higher BMI SDS at baseline (p = 0.001), motivation (p = 0.013), adherence to the protocol (p = 0.033) and lack of acanthosis nigricans (p < 0.001) improved the outcome. The BMI SDS of children aged 2–6 decreased best from baseline to 12 (−0.35), 24 (−0.58) and 36 months (−0.64) (all p < 0.001).ConclusionPaediatric obesity treatment was most effective at a younger age. Good motivation and adherence contributed to favourable outcomes, while acanthosis nigricans was associated with a poor outcome.
Statistical Learning and Spelling: Older Prephonological Spellers Produce More Wordlike Spellings Than Younger Prephonological Spellers
Authors: Treiman Rebecca , Kessler Brett , Boland Kelly , Clocksin Hayley , Chen Zhengdao 
Published: July 2017

The authors analyzed the spellings of 179 U.S. children (age = 3 years, 2 months–5 years, 6 months) who were prephonological spellers, in that they wrote using letters that did not reflect the phonemes in the target items. Supporting the idea that children use their statistical learning skills to learn about the outer form of writing before they begin to spell phonologically, older prephonological spellers showed more knowledge about English letter patterns than did younger prephonological spellers. The written productions of older prephonological spellers were rated by adults as more similar to English words than were the productions of younger prephonological spellers. The older children s spellings were also more wordlike on several objective measures, including length, variability of letters within words, and digram frequency.
Invariant natural killer cells change after an oral allergy desensitization protocol for cow's milk
Authors: Cianferoni A. , Saltzman R. , Saretta F. , Barni S. , Dudek E. , Kelleher M. , Spergel J. M. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBackgroundCow milk (CM) allergy (CMA) affects up to 3% of the paediatric population and recent data suggest that only about 50% will outgrow by age 8. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a type of immune‐modulating treatment that is able to induce desensitization to food allergens, to increase tolerance threshold, to reduce the risk of anaphylaxis, and to improve the patient's quality of life. The examination of the immunological changes observed during the establishment of food allergy (FA) desensitization in FA patients is a window into the pathogenesis of food allergy and food tolerance development. In this pathway, we have previously found that invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) are involved in CM allergy sensitization and now examine their role in OIT.MethodsIn this study, 10 of the 11 children with CM induced anaphylaxis enrolled in a CMA OIT clinical trial and completed the protocol. Peripheral blood iNKTs were quantitatively and qualitatively via flow cytometry characterized ex vivo and after culture with milk lipids before and after completing the OIT protocol.ResultsAfter completing OIT for CM, children were able to reintroduce CM in their diet. For the first time, we demonstrated that OIT induced a significant increase in the peripheral blood iNKT, as well as their switch from a T helper (Th‐2; ie IL‐4, IL‐13) to Th‐1 (ie IFN‐γ) cytokine profile.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis study confirms the efficacy and safety of CM‐OIT as well as the role of iNKT cells in CM allergy.
Developing an interdisciplinary and cross‐sectoral community of practice in the domain of forests and livelihoods
Authors: Watkins Cristy , Zavaleta Jennifer , Wilson Sarah , Francisco Scott 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough significant resources are being spent researching and fostering the relationship between forests and livelihoods to promote mutually beneficial outcomes, critical gaps in understanding persist. A core reason for such gaps is that researchers, practitioners, and policy makers lack the structured space to interact and collaborate, which is essential for effective, interdisciplinary research, practice, and evaluation. Thus, scientific findings, policy recommendations, and measured outcomes have not always been synthesized into deep, systemic understanding; learning from practice and implementation does not easily find its way into scientific analyses, and science often fails to influence policy. Communities of practice (CofPs) are dynamic sociocultural systems that bring people together to share and create knowledge around a common topic of interest. They offer participants a space and structure within which to develop new, systemic approaches to multidimensional problems on a common theme. Uniquely informed by a systems‐thinking perspective and drawing from the scientific and gray literatures and in‐depth interviews with representatives of established CofPs in the natural resource management and development domain, we argue that a well‐designed and adequately funded CofP can facilitate interdisciplinary and cross‐sectoral relationships and knowledge exchange. Well‐designed CofPs integrate a set of core features and processes to enhance individual, collective, and domain outcomes; they set out an initial but evolving purpose, encourage diverse leadership, and promote collective‐identity development. Funding facilitates effective communication strategies (e.g., in person meetings). We urge our colleagues across sectors and disciplines to take advantage of CofPs to advance the domain of forests and livelihoods.
Two Models of Moral Judgment
Authors: Bretz Shane , Sun Ron 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper compares two theories and their two corresponding computational models of human moral judgment. In order to better address psychological realism and generality of theories of moral judgment, more detailed and more psychologically nuanced models are needed. In particular, a motivationally based theory of moral judgment (and its corresponding computational model) is developed in this paper that provides a more accurate account of human moral judgment than an existing emotion‐reason conflict theory. Simulations based on the theory capture and explain a range of relevant human data. They account not only for the original data that were used to support the emotion–reason conflict theory, but also for a wider range of data and phenomena.
Availability of immunocytochemistry using cocktail antibody targeting p63/cytokeratin14 for the differential diagnosis of fibroadenoma and ductal carcinoma in situ in fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast
Authors: Maeda I. , Oana Y. , Tsugawa K. , Takagi M. 
Published: July 2017

Objective
The differential diagnosis of fibroadenoma (FA) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has been problematic in fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAC) because it has been difficult to differentiate between the “large epithelial clusters” associated with FA and those associated with DCIS. The purpose of this study was to prospectively validate the usefulness of immunocytochemical staining using cocktail antibody targeting p63/CK14 in the differential diagnosis of FA and DCIS.
Materials and methods
Twenty patients diagnosed as having an uncertain malignant potential (indeterminate) for breast cancer on the basis of a FNAC finding were selected randomly: ten patients with FA and ten with DCIS. The cover glass on a specimen stained with the Papanicolaou stain on a glass slide was peeled off, and the specimen was restained by immunocytochemical staining of cocktail antibody targeting p63 and CK14.
Results
Six of the twenty patients were CK14‐immunopositive: FA, 6; DCIS, 0. The remaining patients were CK14‐immunonegative: FA, 4; DCIS, 10. The number of CK14‐immunopositive DCIS patients was significantly different from that of FA patients (P=.0054). Eight out of the twenty patients were p63‐immunopositive: FA, 8; DCIS, 0. The remaining patients were p63‐immunonegative: FA, 2; DCIS, 10. The number of p63‐immunopositive DCIS patients was significantly different from that of FA patients (P=.0004).
Conclusions
Immunocytochemical staining using cocktail antibody targeting p63/CK14 was useful for the differential diagnosis of FA and DCIS in FNAC of the breast.
Efficacy and tolerability of the new autoinjected suspension of exenatide once weekly versus exenatide twice daily in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wysham Carol H. , Rosenstock Julio , Vetter Marion L. , Dong Fang , Öhman Peter , Iqbal Nayyar 
Published: July 2017

AimsTo simplify administration of aqueous exenatide once weekly, which requires reconstitution, the exenatide microspheres have been reformulated in a ready‐to‐use autoinjector with a Miglyol diluent (exenatide QWS‐AI). This study compared the efficacy and safety of exenatide QWS‐AI with the first‐in‐class glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist exenatide twice daily (BID).Materials and MethodsThis randomized, open‐label, controlled study in patients with type 2 diabetes using diet and exercise or taking stable oral glucose‐lowering medication randomized patients 3:2 to either exenatide QWS‐AI (2 mg) or exenatide BID (10 μg) for 28 weeks. The primary outcome was the 28‐week change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). A subset of patients completed a standardized meal test for postprandial and pharmacokinetic assessments.ResultsA total of 375 patients (mean HbA1c, 8.5% [69 mmol/mol]; body mass index, 33.2 kg/m2; diabetes duration, 8.5 years) received either exenatide QWS‐AI (n = 229) or exenatide BID (n = 146); HbA1c was reduced by −1.4% and −1.0%, respectively (least‐squares mean difference, −0.37%; P = .0072). More patients achieved HbA1c <7.0% with exenatide QWS‐AI (49.3%) than with exenatide BID (43.2%; P = .225). Body weight was reduced in both groups (P = .37 for difference). Gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) were reported in 22.7% (exenatide QWS‐AI) and 35.6% (exenatide BID) of patients; fewer patients in the exenatide QWS‐AI group withdrew because of AEs than in the exenatide BID group. Minor hypoglycaemia occurred most often with concomitant sulfonylurea use.ConclusionsExenatide QWS‐AI was associated with a greater reduction in HbA1c, similar weight loss and a favorable gastrointestinal AE profile compared with exenatide BID.
Options for integrating ecological, economic, and social objectives in evaluation and management of fisheries
Authors: Benson Ashleen J. , Stephenson Robert L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThere has been growing international attention in recent years to the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries, Ecologically Sustainable Development, and similar initiatives that demand a comprehensive evaluation of the social, economic, and ecological performance of fisheries. However, the practical integration and application of these aspects continue to present a significant challenge for management. Progress to date has been limited by gaps in governance, objectives, disciplinary breadth, and methods. In this study, we develop an inventory of the methods that have been proposed to be able to incorporate ecological, economic, and social objectives and to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of fisheries and management. Our inventory includes both a description of the range of methods, and an evaluation against a set of criteria related to their utility in an applied, decision support context.
Impact of metabolic syndrome on early recovery of continence after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Nishikawa Masatomo , Watanabe Hiromitsu , Kurahashi Toshifumi 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome on the early recovery of urinary continence after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.MethodsThe present study included a total of 302 consecutive Japanese patients with clinically localized prostate cancer who underwent robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. In this study, postoperative urinary continence was defined as no leak or the use of a security pad. The continence status was assessed by interviews before and 1 and 3 months after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. Metabolic syndrome was defined as follows: body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 and two or more of the following: hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. The effect of the presence of metabolic syndrome on the continence status of these patients was retrospectively examined.ResultsA total of 116 (38.4%) and 203 (67.2%) of the 302 patients were continent at 1 and 3 months after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy, respectively. A total of 31 (10.3%) patients were judged to have metabolic syndrome. Despite the operative time being longer in patients with metabolic syndrome, no significant differences were observed in the remaining preoperative, intraoperative or postoperative variables between patients with or without metabolic syndrome. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, metabolic syndrome and the duration of hospitalization were significantly correlated with the 1‐month continence status. Similarly, metabolic syndrome and estimated blood loss during surgery were independent predictors of continence rates at 3 months after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the presence of metabolic syndrome could have a significant impact on the early recovery of urinary continence after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.
Affecting Lives: How Winning the US Diversity Visa Lottery Impacts DV Migrants Pre‐ and Post‐Migration
Authors: Imoagene Onoso 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUsual debates about the diversity visa (DV) programme revolve around the impact of DV initiated mass migration on African countries’ development, on whether the programme sufficiently diversifies U.S. immigrant streams, and on whether there is a tradeoff in immigrant quality for diversity. This article seeks to extend the focus of these debates by examining the impact of the diversity visa programme on DV migrants at the micro‐level pre‐ and post‐migration. Based on in‐depth interviews with sixty‐one diversity visa lottery winners from Ghana and Nigeria, the article examines how this immigration policy has become a contextual determinant of immigrant incorporation. It argues that an account of the impact of immigration policies on immigrants pre‐ and post‐migration must be added to theorization of state agency in shaping migration flows. It concludes with a discussion on ways the diversity visa programme can be modified to facilitate incorporation of DV migrants in the United States.