bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome and long noncoding RNA sequencing of three extracellular vesicle subtypes released from the human colon cancer LIM1863 cell line
Authors: Chen Maoshan , Xu Rong , Ji Hong , Greening David W. , Rai Alin , Izumikawa Keiichi , Ishikawa Hideaki , Takahashi Nobuhiro , Simpson Richard J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPreviously we reported that LIM1863 colorectal cancer (CRC) cells secrete three distinct extracellular vesicle subtypes – two subpopulations of exosomes (apical EpCAM-Exos and basolateral A33-Exos) and shed microvesicles (sMVs) – with distinct protein and miRNA signatures. Here, we extend our omics approach to understand the fundamental role of LIM1863-derived EVs by performing a comprehensive analysis of their mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) using RNA-Seq. We show that 2,389 mRNAs, 317 pseudogene transcripts, 1,028 lncRNAs and 206 short non-coding RNAs selectively distributed to (i.e., are enriched in) LIM1863 EVs, relative to the parent cell. An Ensembl/UniProtKB analysis revealed 1,937 mRNAs encode canonical proteins, 348 isoforms (including splice-variant proteins), and 119 ‘missing proteins’ (i.e., annotated in Ensembl but not UniProtKB). Further dissection of our protein/RNA data revealed that 6/151 observed RNA binding proteins have the potential to interact with ~75% of EV-enriched RNAs. Intriguingly, the co-existence of U1 and U2 ribonucleoproteins and their cognate snRNAs in LIM1863 EVs suggests a possible association of CRC EVs with recipient cell splicing events. Our data reveal several potential lncRNA CRC biomarkers and novel splicing/fusion genes that, collectively, will advance our understanding of EV biology in CRC and accelerate the development of EV-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
Intravenous hMSCs Ameliorate Acute Pancreatitis in Mice via Secretion of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Stimulated Gene/Protein 6
Authors: He Zhigang , Hua Jie , Qian Daohai , Gong Jian , Lin Shengping , Xu Chenglei , Wei Ge , Meng Hongbo , Yang Tingsong , Zhou Bo , Song Zhenshun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe administration of mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to enhance tissue repair is currently undergoing clinical trials. Some studies, including our previous work, have also revealed the beneficial effect of MSCs in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP); however, their mechanisms or mode of action remain controversial. In this study, we demonstrated that intravenously (i.v.)-administered human MSCs (hMSCs) remarkably promoted recovery from experimental SAP without significant engraftment of hMSCs in the damaged pancreas. Interestingly, we found that i.v.-administered hMSCs with knockdown of TSG-6 expression lost most of their anti-inflammatory effects and thus could not significantly ameliorate SAP. As expected, the effects of hMSCs were also duplicated by i.v. infusion of recombinant TSG-6. Furthermore, our results showed that the increase of oxidative stress, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling in SAP was substantially inhibited following administration of hMSCs or TSG-6, which was dependent on the presence of CD-44 receptors in acinar cells. In conclusion, our study, for the first time, revealed that novel mechanisms are responsible for the immunomodulatory effect of i.v. hMSCs.
High-quality and Large-size Topological Insulator Bi2Te3-Gold Saturable Absorber Mirror for Mode-Locking Fiber Laser
Authors: Chen Hou-Ren , Tsai Chih-Ya , Cheng Hsin-Ming , Lin Kuei-Huei , Yen Po-Hsiu , Chen Chyong-Hua , Hsieh Wen-Feng 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA novel high-quality, large-size, reflection-type topological insulator Bi2Te3-Gold (BG) film-based nonlinear optical modulator has been successfully fabricated as a two-dimensional saturable absorber mirror (SAM) by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). This BG-SAM possesses saturation fluence of 108.3 μJ/cm2, modulation depth (ΔR) of 6.5%, non-saturable loss of 38.4%, high damage threshold above 1.354 mJ/cm2 and excellent uniformity providing for the generation of passive mode-locked (ML) pulses for erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs) on a large sample area. Under 124 mW 976 nm pumping, We obtained 452-fs continuous-wave ML pulses with pulse energy of 91 pJ and full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 6.72-nm from this EDFL. The results clearly evidence that the PLD is an efficient method for fabricating BG-SAM that is suitable for a compact ultrafast ML fiber laser system.
Direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from plasma-water interactions
Authors: Liu Jiandi , He Bangbang , Chen Qiang , Li Junshuai , Xiong Qing , Yue Guanghui , Zhang Xianhui , Yang Size , Liu Hai , Liu Qing Huo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is usually considered to be an important reagent in green chemistry since water is the only by-product in H2O2involved oxidation reactions. Early studies show that direct synthesis of H2O2by plasma-water interactions is possible, while the factors affecting the H2O2production in this method remain unclear. Herein, we present a study on the H2O2synthesis by atmospheric pressure plasma-water interactions. The results indicate that the most important factors for the H2O2production are the processes taking place at the plasma-water interface, including sputtering, electric field induced hydrated ion emission, and evaporation. The H2O2production rate reaches ~1200 μmol/h when the liquid cathode is purified water or an aqueous solution of NaCl with an initial conductivity of 10500 μS cm−1.
Association between peripheral arterial occlusive disease and cardiothoracic ratio in patients on chronic hemodialysis
Authors: Liou Kang-Yi , Liou Hung-Hsiang , Fang Yu-Wei , Leu Jyh-Gang , Tsai Ming-Hsien 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) are related to mortality in hemodialysis patients. However, data on the association between PAOD and CTR are limited. In this study, we aim to elucidate this relationship in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Using a retrospective cross-sectional study of 622 Taiwanese patients, we investigated the association of PAOD and CTR. PAOD was significantly associated with CTR in the crude analysis. The odds ratio (OR) for CTR >0.5 was 1.77 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32–2.37], and the odds ratio for CTR >0.6 was 2.18 [95% CI, 1.44–3.30]. After adjusting for confounding variables, this difference continued to exhibit significant predictive power for CTR >0.6 (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.14–3.11), but the predictive power for CTR >0.5 was attenuated (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 0.98–2.03). In the subgroup analysis, PAOD was an independent factor for CTR >0.6, particularly in elderly and female patients or patients with hemoglobin >10 mg/dl and with no history of cardiovascular disease. In this research, we showed that the detection of PAOD was independently associated with CTR >0.6 in patients on chronic hemodialysis.
Revealing extraordinary tensile plasticity in layered Ti-Al metal composite
Authors: Huang M. , Fan G. H. , Geng L. , Cao G. J. , Du Y. , Wu H. , Zhang T. T. , Kang H. J. , Wang T. M. , Du G. H. , Xie H. L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLayered Ti-Al metal composite (LMC) fabricated by hot-pressing and hot-rolling process displays higher ductility than that of both components. In this paper, a combination of digital image correlation (DIC) and X-ray tomography revealed that strain delocalization and constrained crack distribution are the origin of extraordinary tensile ductility. Strain delocalization was derived from the transfer of strain partitioning between Ti and Al layer, which relieved effectively the strain localization of LMC. Furthermore, the extensive cracks of LMC were restricted in the interface due to constraint effect. Layered architecture constrained the distribution of cracks and significantly relieved the strain localization. Meanwhile, the transfer of strain partitioning and constrained crack distribution were believed to inhibit the strain localization of Ti and change the deformation mechanisms of Ti. Our finding enriches current understanding about simultaneously improving the strength and ductility by structural design.
Clonal spread of mcr-1 in PMQR-carrying ST34 Salmonella isolates from animals in China
Authors: Li Xing-Ping , Fang Liang-Xing , Song Jia-Qi , Xia Jing , Huo Wei , Fang Jin-Tao , Liao Xiao-Ping , Liu Ya-Hong , Feng Youjun , Sun Jian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSince initial identification in China, the widespread geographical occurrence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in Enterobacteriaceae has been of great concern. In this study, a total of 22 Salmonella enterica were resistant to colistin, while only five isolates which belonged to ST34 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) were mcr-1 positive. Four of them shared nearly identical PFGE type, although they were from different host species and diverse geographical locations. All the mcr-1-positive S. Typhimurium exhibited multi-resistant phenotypes including ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, florfenicol, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethox, in addition to colistin. The oqxAB and aac(6′)-Ib-cr genes were present alone or in combination in four (80.0%) and five (100%) isolates, respectively. The mcr-1 gene was located on a transferable IncI2 plasmid in the four genetically related strains. In the other one strain, mcr-1 was located on an approximately 190 kb IncHI2 plasmid. In conclusion, we report five mcr-1-positive S. Typhimurium/ST34 isolates. Both clonal expansion and horizontal transmission of IncI2-type plasmids were involved in the spread of the mcr-1 gene in Salmonella enterica from food-producing animals in China. There is a great need to monitor the potential dissemination of the mcr-1 gene.
Turning Diamagnetic Microbes into Multinary Micro-Magnets: Magnetophoresis and Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Individual Living Cells
Authors: Lee Hojae , Hong Daewha , Cho Hyeoncheol , Kim Ji Yup , Park Ji Hun , Lee Sang Hee , Kim Ho Min , Fakhrullin Rawil F. , Choi Insung S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInspired by the biogenic magnetism found in certain organisms, such as magnetotactic bacteria, magnetic nanomaterials have been integrated into living cells for bioorthogonal, magnetic manipulation of the cells. However, magnetized cells have so far been reported to be only binary system (on/off) without any control of magnetization degree, limiting their applications typically to the simple accumulation or separation of cells as a whole. In this work, the magnetization degree is tightly controlled, leading to the generation of multiple subgroups of the magnetized cells, and each subgroup is manipulated independently from the other subgroups in the pool of heterogeneous cell-mixtures. This work will provide a strategic approach to tailor-made fabrication of magnetically functionalized living cells as micro-magnets, and open new vistas in biotechnological and biomedical applications, which highly demand the spatio-temporal manipulation of living cells.
RCANs regulate the convergent roles of NFATc1 in bone homeostasis
Authors: Kim Jung Ha , Kim Kabsun , Kim Inyoung , Seong Semun , Jeong Byung-chul , Nam Kwang-Il , Kim Kyung Keun , Molkentin Jeffery D. , Kim Nacksung 
Published: December 2016

AbstractActivation of calcineurin-dependent nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) is convergent for normal bone homeostasis. NFATc1 regulates both osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. Here we investigated the roles of regulator of calcineurin (RCAN) genes in bone homeostasis. RCANs function as potent physiological inhibitors of calcineurin. Overexpression of RCANs in osteoclast precursor cells attenuated osteoclast differentiation, while their overexpression in osteoblasts enhanced osteoblast differentiation and function. Intriguingly, opposing effects of RCANs in both cell types were shown by blocking activation of the calcineurin-NFATc1 pathway. Moreover, the disruption of RCAN1 or RCAN2 in mice resulted in reduced bone mass, which is associated with strongly increased osteoclast function and mildly reduced osteoblast function. Taken together, RCANs play critical roles in bone homeostasis by regulating both osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis, and they serve as inhibitors for calcineurin-NFATc1 signaling both in vivo and in vitro.
Mining non-lattice subgraphs for detecting missing hierarchical relations and concepts in SNOMED CT
Authors: Cui Licong , Zhu Wei , Tao Shiqiang , Case James T , Bodenreider Olivier , Zhang Guo-Qiang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Objective: Quality assurance of large ontological systems such as SNOMED CT is an indispensable part of the terminology management lifecycle. We introduce a hybrid structural-lexical method for scalable and systematic discovery of missing hierarchical relations and concepts in SNOMED CT.
Material and Methods: All non-lattice subgraphs (the structural part) in SNOMED CT are exhaustively extracted using a scalable MapReduce algorithm. Four lexical patterns (the lexical part) are identified among the extracted non-lattice subgraphs. Non-lattice subgraphs exhibiting such lexical patterns are often indicative of missing hierarchical relations or concepts. Each lexical pattern is associated with a potential specific type of error.
Results: Applying the structural-lexical method to SNOMED CT (September 2015 US edition), we found 6801 non-lattice subgraphs that matched these lexical patterns, of which 2046 were amenable to visual inspection. We evaluated a random sample of 100 small subgraphs, of which 59 were reviewed in detail by domain experts. All the subgraphs reviewed contained errors confirmed by the experts. The most frequent type of error was missing is-a relations due to incomplete or inconsistent modeling of the concepts.
Conclusions: Our hybrid structural-lexical method is innovative and proved effective not only in detecting errors in SNOMED CT, but also in suggesting remediation for these errors.
Changes in Stroke Volume Induced by Lung Recruitment Maneuver Predict Fluid Responsiveness in Mechanically Ventilated Patients in the Operating Room
Authors: Biais Matthieu , Lanchon Romain , Sesay Musa , Le Gall Lisa , Pereira Bruno , Futier Emmanuel , Nouette-Gaulain Karine 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Background
Lung recruitment maneuver induces a decrease in stroke volume, which is more pronounced in hypovolemic patients. The authors hypothesized that the magnitude of stroke volume reduction through lung recruitment maneuver could predict preload responsiveness.

Methods
Twenty-eight mechanically ventilated patients with low tidal volume during general anesthesia were included. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, stroke volume, and pulse pressure variations were recorded before lung recruitment maneuver (application of continuous positive airway pressure of 30 cm H2O for 30 s), during lung recruitment maneuver when stroke volume reached its minimal value, and before and after volume expansion (250 ml saline, 0.9%, infused during 10 min). Patients were considered as responders to fluid administration if stroke volume increased greater than or equal to 10%.

Results
Sixteen patients were responders. Lung recruitment maneuver induced a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure and stroke volume in both responders and nonresponders. Changes in stroke volume induced by lung recruitment maneuver were correlated with those induced by volume expansion (r
2 = 0.56; P < 0.0001). A 30% decrease in stroke volume during lung recruitment maneuver predicted fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI, 62 to 98) and a specificity of 92% (95% CI, 62 to 99). Pulse pressure variations more than 6% before lung recruitment maneuver discriminated responders with a sensitivity of 69% (95% CI, 41 to 89) and a specificity of 75% (95% CI, 42 to 95). The area under receiver operating curves generated for changes in stroke volume induced by lung recruitment maneuver (0.96; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.99) was significantly higher than that for pulse pressure variations (0.72; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.88; P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The authors’ study suggests that the magnitude of stroke volume decrease during lung recruitment maneuver could predict preload responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients in the operating room.
Vertebroplasty and Return to Work for Thoracolumbar Fractures Within the Workers’ Compensation Population
Authors: Levin Jay M. , Anderson Joshua T. , Haas Arnold R. , Percy Rick , Woods Stephen T. , Ahn Uri M. , Ahn Nicholas U. 
Published: December 2016

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
Analyze efficacy of vertebroplasty and its affect on return to work (RTW) in a workers’ compensation (WC) population

Summary of Background Data.
Vertebroplasty remains a controversial treatment modality for vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). No studies have analyzed use of vertebroplasty in the clinically distinct WC population.

Methods.
A total of 371 Ohio WC subjects were identified who sustained VCFs and were treated with either vertebroplasty or conservative medical therapy between 1993 and 2013 using Current Procedural Terminology procedural and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes. Subjects with a prior smoking history, prior thoracolumbar surgery or comorbidities, or underwent decompression and/or fusion within 3 months after injury were excluded. Forty-six subjects had undergone vertebroplasty within 1 year of injury and were therefore included in the vertebroplasty group. The remaining 325 subjects received spinal orthosis and formed the control group. The primary outcomes were whether subjects returned to work at early and late time points. Early RTW was defined as returning to work within 3 months and remaining at work for more than 6 months of the following year. Late RTW was defined as returning to work within 2 years and remaining at work for more than 6 months of the following year. Secondary outcomes included opioid use, all-cause mortality, and additional VCFs.

Results.
Approximately 37% (17/46) of vertebroplasty group made an early RTW, compared with 35.4% (115/325) of control group (P = 0.835). Regarding late RTW, only 54.3% (25/46) of vertebroplasty group made a sustainable RTW, compared with 70.8% (230/325) of subjects in control group (P = 0.025). In addition, the vertebroplasty group was associated with significantly higher postoperative opioid use.

Conclusion.
Vertebroplasty may not be an effective treatment modality for VCFs in the WC population when RTW is the primary goal.

Level of Evidence: 3
UNREPORTED SIDE EFFECT OF INTRAVITREAL DICLOFENAC IN CHRONIC DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Chidambara Lavanya , Singhal Rekha , Srinivasan Priya , Yadav Naresh Kumar 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal diclofenac sodium.

Methods:
A 61-year-old male with persistent diabetic macular edema was treated with 450 μg of intravitreal diclofenac sodium (systemic preparation).

Results:
Postinjection Day 1, the spectral domain optical coherence tomography showed irregular vitreoretinal interface with wrinkling and separation of the internal limiting membrane from the nerve fiber layer with homogeneity of the inner layers. At 1 month, the compactness of the retinal layers was restored. Complete resolution of the cystoid macular edema was seen. At 1 year, there was mild flattening of the foveal depression with epiretinal membrane.

Conclusion:
Various studies have shown the safety and efficacy of intravitreal diclofenac without any reported side effect. We report the inner retinal toxicity in the form of cystic spaces and splitting of internal limiting membrane from nerve fiber layer on the first follow-up day, postinjection, which resolved over a period of 1 month. Further studies are needed to assess the safety of intravitreal diclofenac sodium.
Embracing a Nurse-Driven Alcohol Withdrawal Protocol Through Quality Improvement
Authors: Barrett John , Jansen Maria , Cooper April , Felbinger Matthew , Waters Faith 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Background
Alcohol withdrawal can lead to severe complications including seizures, delirium tremens, and death if not treated appropriately. Nurses are critical to the safety and outcomes of these patients.

Objective
The objective of this retrospective study was to determine if nursing education on a community hospital’s alcohol withdrawal protocol led to improved nursing compliance.

Methods
This is a quality improvement project involving a two-part retrospective review—an initial needs assessment followed by nursing education and a subsequent posteducation retrospective review. The initial needs assessment included 65 patients. The subsequent posteducation group included 50 patients.

Results
Nursing compliance of 1-hour assessments increased after the educational intervention; however, there was no statistically significant difference in 6-hour assessment or medication administration protocol compliance between preeducation and posteducation groups.

Conclusion
Nursing education is a good place to start in improving compliance with an alcohol withdrawal protocol, but physicians need to be included to increase standardization within the institution. Future study should look at the effectiveness of different assessment frequency intervals and its impact on patient-centered outcomes.
Blanching Spots on the Trunk
Authors: Jacob Sharon E. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Teledermatology is a term to describe the provision of dermatologic medical services through telecommunication technology. In this modality, there is transfer of patient medical information electronically (including history and visual data) obtained in one location to a provider who is in another location (Roman & Jacob, 2015). The construct of the TeleDermViewPoint column is such that cases are presented in a standardized teledermatology reader format reflective of an actual teledermatology report. This is a case of blanching spots on the trunk.
Vismodegib
Authors: Siddiqui Fariha , Zito Patrick M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
By definition, a drug is a medicine or substance that exerts a physiologic effect on an organism. In dermatology, medications and substances are utilized on a daily basis from topical treatments to anesthetics in surgery. The purpose of this section is to focus on some of the more common substances, specifically how they work, how they are utilized, and their routine alternatives (if available). The mechanism of action, usage, and alternatives of the medication vismodegib are discussed.