bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing phylogenetics and linear morphometrics to solve the generic assignment ofParabolinella?triarthroidesHarrington (Trilobita, Olenidae)
Authors: Monti Daniela S. , Confalonieri Viviana A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe use of different methodological approaches together with an exhaustive qualitative study has helped to recognize important morphological traits to distinguish species in a systematic and phylogenetic framework.Parabolinella triarthroidesHarrington, 1938 was described based on two cranidia from the Quebrada de Coquena, Purmamarca, Jujuy province. The generic assignment ofP. triarthroideshas been questioned by a phylogenetic analysis, which resolves this species as the sister group ofBienvilliaClark, 1924. To explore the generic assignment of this species, a revision of the type material, plus a morphometric analysis including specimens ofParabolinellaBrøgger, 1882 andBienvilliawere performed. In addition, the original matrix used in the published phylogeny was reviewed and enlarged, including more species ofBienvillia. Continuous characters were coded in different ways in order to compare how they could affect the ordering of specimens and their phylogenetic relationships. Finally, both methodologies were compared, especially in regard to the behavior of the quantitative characters included in the analyses. From the combined analyses, it is shown that similarities between the cranidium ofP. triarthroidesand all otherParabolinellaspecies are true homologies instead of a by-product of evolutionary convergence. Therefore,P. triarthroidesshould be considered a member of this genus. Finally, this study demonstrates that the best strategy for solving systematic problems in groups where the morphological variation is the only source of information (i.e., fossil taxa without living representatives) is the implementation of an integrative approach, combining different methodological techniques and a good description of specimens.
Effects of 1,5-anhydroglucitol on postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels and hydrogen excretion in rats and healthy humans
Authors: Nakamura Sadako , Tanabe Kenichi , Yoshinaga Kazuhiro , Shimura Fumio , Oku Tsuneyuki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe inhibition by 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol (1,5-AG) was determined on disaccharidases of rats and humans. Then, the metabolism and fate of 1,5-AG was investigated in rats and humans. Although 1,5-AG inhibited about 50 % of sucrase activity in rat small intestine, the inhibition was less than half of d-sorbose. 1,5-AG strongly inhibited trehalase and lactase, whereas d-sorbose inhibited them very weakly. 1,5-AG noncompetitively inhibited sucrase. The inhibition of 1,5-AG on sucrase and maltase was similar between humans and rats. 1,5-AG in serum increased 30 min after oral administration of 1,5-AG (600 mg) in rats, and mostly 100 % of 1,5-AG was excreted into the urine 24 h after administration. 1,5-AG in serum showed a peak 30 min after ingestion of 1,5-AG (20 g) by healthy subjects, and decreased gradually over 180 min. About 60 % of 1,5-AG was excreted into the urine for 9 h following ingestion. Hydrogen was scarcely excreted in both rats and humans 24 h after administration of 1,5-AG. Furthermore, 1,5-AG significantly suppressed the blood glucose elevation, and hydrogen excretion was increased following the simultaneous ingestion of sucrose and 1,5-AG in healthy subjects. 1,5-AG also significantly suppressed the blood glucose elevation following the simultaneous ingestion of glucose and 1,5-AG; however, hydrogen excretion was negligible. The available energy of 1,5-AG, which is absorbed readily from the small intestine and excreted quickly into the urine, is 0 kJ/g (0 kcal/g). Furthermore, 1,5-AG might suppress the blood glucose elevation through the inhibition of sucrase, as well as intestinal glucose absorption.
Surface modification of ASP 30 steel induced by femtosecond laser with 1014 and 1013 W/cm2 intensity in vacuum
Authors: Trtica M. , Limpouch J. , Gavrilov P. , Hribek P. , Stasic J. , Brankovic G. , Chen X. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA study of ASP 30 steel surface modification with high intensity Ti:sapphire laser, operating at 804 nm wavelength and pulse duration of 60 fs, in vacuum ambient, is presented. ASP 30 steel surface variations were studied at laser intensities of 1014 and 1013 W/cm2. The steel target specific surface changes and phenomena observed are: (i) Creation of craters at 1014 W/cm2 intensity; (ii) formation of periodic surface structures only at the reduced intensity of 1013 W/cm2; (iii) chemical surface changes registered only at higher laser intensity, and (iv) occurrence of plasma in front of the surface, including its emission in X-ray region. It can be concluded from this study that the reported laser intensities can effectively be applied for ASP 30 steel surface modification. Careful choosing of laser intensity and pulse count can lead to precise superficial material removal, for example laser intensity ~1013 W/cm2 and low pulse count can lead to ultra-precise surface processing. Generally, femtosecond laser surface modification of ASP 30 steel is non-contact and very rapid compared with traditional modification methods.
History, culture, infrastructure and export markets shape fisheries and reef accessibility in India's contrasting oceanic islands
Authors: JAINI MAHIMA , ADVANI SAHIR , SHANKER KARTIK , OOMMEN MEERA A. , NAMBOOTHRI NAVEEN 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYIslands offer unique model systems for studying fisheries development in relation to the growing global seafood trade. This study examines how export-driven fisheries in India's oceanic islands (Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands) differ significantly as a result of their varied history, culture, available infrastructure and market access. Despite being geographically closer to export centres on the Indian mainland, processing and transport infrastructure in the Lakshadweep Islands are limited. This only allows for the trade of non-perishable commodities like dried tuna that are caught using traditional pole-and-line fishing techniques, restricting reef exploitation to local preference-based consumption and opportunistic export. The Andaman Islands, on the other hand, with multiple daily flight connections and large private and government processing facilities, are better connected to export markets. The relatively recent and multicultural fisheries of these islands supply marine commodity chains for reef fishery goods such as dried shark fins, frozen snapper fillets and chilled groupers. The Nicobar Islands are furthest away from mainland export centres and are mostly populated by indigenous communities – fishing here is mostly for subsistence and local sale. Revised estimates of travel times to export market centres are counterintuitive in terms of geographical distances and are significantly different from travel times to local markets.
Nickel-catalyzed synthesis of 1,1-diborylalkanes from terminal alkenes
Authors: Li Lei , Gong Tianjun , Lu Xi , Xiao Bin , Fu Yao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOrganoboron compounds play an irreplaceable role in synthetic chemistry and the related transformations based on the unique reactivity of C–B bond are potentially the most efficient methods for the synthesis of organic molecules. The synthetic importance of multiboron compounds in C–C bond formation and function transformation reactions is growing and the related borations of activated or nonactivated alkenes have been developed recently. However, introducing directly two boron moieties into the terminal sites of alkenes giving 1,1-diborylalkanes in a catalytic fashion has not been explored yet. Here we describe a synthetic strategy of 1,1-diborylalkanes via a Ni-catalyzed 1,1-diboration of readily available terminal alkenes. This methodology shows high level of chemoselectivity and regioselectivity and can be used to convert a large variety of terminal alkenes, such as vinylarenes, aliphatic alkenes and lower alkenes, to 1,1-diborylalkanes.
Phytochrome-interacting factors directly suppress MIR156 expression to enhance shade-avoidance syndrome in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xie Yurong , Liu Yang , Wang Hai , Ma Xiaojing , Wang Baobao , Wu Guangxia , Wang Haiyang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPlants have evolved a repertoire of strategies collectively termed the shade-avoidance syndrome to avoid shade from canopy and compete for light with their neighbors. However, the signaling mechanism governing the adaptive changes of adult plant architecture to shade is not well understood. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis, compared with the wild type, several PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFS) overexpressors all display constitutive shade-avoidance syndrome under normal high red to far-red light ratio conditions but are less sensitive to the simulated shade, whereas the MIR156 overexpressors exhibit an opposite phenotype. The simulated shade induces rapid accumulation of PIF proteins, reduced expression of multiple MIR156 genes, and concomitant elevated expression of the SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) family genes. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro assays indicate that PIFs bind to the promoters of several MIR156 genes directly and repress their expression. Our results establish a direct functional link between the phytochrome-PIFs and miR156-SPL regulatory modules in mediating shade-avoidance syndrome.
Piezo1 channels sense whole body physical activity to reset cardiovascular homeostasis and enhance performance
Authors: Rode Baptiste , Shi Jian , Endesh Naima , Drinkhill Mark J. , Webster Peter J. , Lotteau Sabine J. , Bailey Marc A. , Yuldasheva Nadira Y. , Ludlow Melanie J. , Cubbon Richard M. , Li Jing , Futers T. Simon , Morley Lara , Gaunt Hannah J. , Marszalek Katarzyna , Viswambharan Hema , Cuthbertson Kevin , Baxter Paul D. , Foster Richard , Sukumar Piruthivi , Weightman Andrew , Calaghan Sarah C. , Wheatcroft Stephen B. , Kearney Mark T. , Beech David J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMammalian biology adapts to physical activity but the molecular mechanisms sensing the activity remain enigmatic. Recent studies have revealed how Piezo1 protein senses mechanical force to enable vascular development. Here, we address Piezo1 in adult endothelium, the major control site in physical activity. Mice without endothelial Piezo1 lack obvious phenotype but close inspection reveals a specific effect on endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric resistance artery. Strikingly, the Piezo1 is required for elevated blood pressure during whole body physical activity but not blood pressure during inactivity. Piezo1 is responsible for flow-sensitive non-inactivating non-selective cationic channels which depolarize the membrane potential. As fluid flow increases, depolarization increases to activate voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the adjacent vascular smooth muscle cells, causing vasoconstriction. Physical performance is compromised in mice which lack endothelial Piezo1 and there is weight loss after sustained activity. The data suggest that Piezo1 channels sense physical activity to advantageously reset vascular control.
Work stress, anthropometry, lung function, blood pressure, and blood-based biomarkers: a cross-sectional study of 43,593 French men and women
Authors: Magnusson Hanson Linda L. , Westerlund Hugo , Goldberg Marcel , Zins Marie , Vahtera Jussi , Hulvej Rod Naja , Stenholm Sari , Steptoe Andrew , Kivimäki Mika 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWork stress is a risk factor for cardio-metabolic diseases, but few large-scale studies have examined the clinical profile of individuals with work stress. To address this limitation, we conducted a cross-sectional study including 43,593 working adults from a French population-based sample aged 18–72 years (the CONSTANCES cohort). According to the Effort-Reward Imbalance model, work stress was defined as an imbalance between perceived high efforts and low rewards at work. A standardized health examination included measures of anthropometry, lung function, blood pressure and standard blood-based biomarkers. Linear regression analyses before and after multivariable adjustment for age, socioeconomic status, depressive symptoms, health-related behaviours, and chronic conditions showed that work stress was associated with higher BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, alanine transaminase, white blood cell count and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men, and with higher BMI and white blood cell count in women (differences 0.03–0.06 standard deviations, P < 0.05 between individuals with and without work stress). No robust associations were observed with lung function, haemoglobin, creatinine, glucose levels or resting blood pressure measures. This indicates that work stress is associated altered metabolic profile, increased systemic inflammation, and, in men, poorer liver function, which is a marker of high alcohol consumption.
Metastability for discontinuous dynamical systems under Lévy noise: Case study on Amazonian Vegetation
Authors: Serdukova Larissa , Zheng Yayun , Duan Jinqiao , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFor the tipping elements in the Earth’s climate system, the most important issue to address is how stable is the desirable state against random perturbations. Extreme biotic and climatic events pose severe hazards to tropical rainforests. Their local effects are extremely stochastic and difficult to measure. Moreover, the direction and intensity of the response of forest trees to such perturbations are unknown, especially given the lack of efficient dynamical vegetation models to evaluate forest tree cover changes over time. In this study, we consider randomness in the mathematical modelling of forest trees by incorporating uncertainty through a stochastic differential equation. According to field-based evidence, the interactions between fires and droughts are a more direct mechanism that may describe sudden forest degradation in the south-eastern Amazon. In modeling the Amazonian vegetation system, we include symmetric α-stable Lévy perturbations. We report results of stability analysis of the metastable fertile forest state. We conclude that even a very slight threat to the forest state stability represents L´evy noise with large jumps of low intensity, that can be interpreted as a fire occurring in a non-drought year. During years of severe drought, high-intensity fires significantly accelerate the transition between a forest and savanna state.
Lossless Three-Dimensional Parallelization in Digitally Scanned Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Dean Kevin M. , Fiolka Reto 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe introduce a concept that enables parallelized three-dimensional imaging throughout large volumes with isotropic 300–350 nm resolution. By staggering high aspect ratio illumination beams laterally and axially within the depth of focus of a digitally scanned light-sheet fluorescence microscope (LSFM), multiple image planes can be simultaneously imaged with minimal cross-talk and light loss. We present a first demonstration of this concept for parallelized imaging by synthesizing two light-sheets with nonlinear Bessel beams and perform volumetric imaging of fluorescent beads and invasive breast cancer cells. This work demonstrates that in principle any digitally scanned LSFM can be parallelized in a lossless manner, enabling drastically faster volumetric image acquisition rates for a given sample brightness and detector technology.
DACT1 Overexpression in type I ovarian cancer inhibits malignant expansion and cis-platinum resistance by modulating canonical Wnt signalling and autophagy
Authors: Li Ruo-nan , Liu Bin , Li Xue-mei , Hou Liang-si , Mu Xiao-ling , Wang Hui , Linghu Hua 
Published: August 2017

AbstractType I epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is primarily resistant to platinum-based chemotherapies and needs novel therapeutics. Given the aberrant Wnt activation in type I EOC and the involvement of Dapper1 Antagonist of Catenin-1 (DACT1) in Wnt signalling, the role of DACT1 in tumourigenesis of type I EOC was evaluated. Firstly, all tested EOC cell lines and primary EOC tissues, especially type I EOC, were observed to have significantly lower DACT1 expression than normal controls. Next, 3AO cells, which arise from a patient with primary mucinous EOC and express low endogenous levels of DACT1, were transfected with a lentivirus carrying full-length DACT1 (3AO-DACT1), grew slower and formed smaller tumours in nude mice compared to 3AO-NC. Furthermore, 3AO-DACT1 had lower levels of key mediators of canonical Wnt signalling, Dvl2 and β-catenin, GSK-3β with phosphorylated Ser9, and the Wnt/β-catenin target genes, with significantly lower nuclear β-catenin levels. Additionally, 3AO-DACT which contained higher levels of lipidated LC3 (LC3-II) and Beclin1, but lower levels of p62/SQSTM1, were more sensitive to cis-platinum. And chloroquine partially rescued its cis-platinum resistance. We identified DACT1 as a negative regulator in type I EOC, protecting against malignant expansion by inhibiting canonical Wnt signalling and cis-platinum resistance by regulating autophagy.
In vivo biodistribution and toxicity of intravesical administration of quantum dots for optical molecular imaging of bladder cancer
Authors: Pan Ying , Chang Timothy , Marcq Gautier , Liu Changhao , Kiss Bernhard , Rouse Robert , Mach Kathleen E. , Cheng Zhen , Liao Joseph C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOptical molecular imaging holds the potential to improve cancer diagnosis. Fluorescent nanoparticles such as quantum dots (QD) offer superior optical characteristics compared to organic dyes, but their in vivo application is limited by potential toxicity from systemic administration. Topical administration provides an attractive route for targeted nanoparticles with the possibility of minimizing exposure and reduced dose. Previously, we demonstrated successful ex vivo endoscopic imaging of human bladder cancer by topical (i.e. intravesical) administration of QD-conjugated anti-CD47. Herein we investigate in vivo biodistribution and toxicity of intravesically instilled free QD and anti-CD47-QD in mice. In vivo biodistribution of anti-CD47-QD was assessed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Local and systemic toxicity was assessed using blood tests, organ weights, and histology. On average, there was no significant accumulation of QD outside of the bladder, although in some mice we detected extravesical biodistribution of QD suggesting a route for systemic exposure under some conditions. There were no indications of acute toxicity up to 7 days after instillation. Intravesical administration of targeted nanoparticles can reduce systemic exposure, but for clinical use, nanoparticles with established biosafety profiles should be used to decrease long-term toxicity in cases where systemic exposure occurs.
Metabolomic compounds identified in Piriformospora indica-colonized Chinese cabbage roots delineate symbiotic functions of the interaction
Authors: Hua Mo Da-Sang , Senthil Kumar Rajendran , Shyur Lie-Fen , Cheng Yuan-Bin , Tian Zhihong , Oelmüller Ralf , Yeh Kai-Wun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRoot colonization by endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica facilitating growth/development and stress tolerance has been demonstrated in various host plants. However, global metabolomic studies are rare. By using high-throughput gas-chromatography-based mass spectrometry, 549 metabolites of 1,126 total compounds observed were identified in colonized and uncolonized Chinese cabbage roots, and hyphae of P. indica. The analyses demonstrate that the host metabolomic compounds and metabolite pathways are globally reprogrammed after symbiosis with P. indica. Especially, γ-amino butyrate (GABA), oxylipin-family compounds, poly-saturated fatty acids, and auxin and its intermediates were highly induced and de novo synthesized in colonized roots. Conversely, nicotinic acid (niacin) and dimethylallylpyrophosphate were strongly decreased. In vivo assays with exogenously applied compounds confirmed that GABA primes plant immunity toward pathogen attack and enhances high salinity and temperature tolerance. Moreover, generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species stimulated by nicotinic acid is repressed by P. indica, and causes the feasibility of symbiotic interaction. This global metabolomic analysis and the identification of symbiosis-specific metabolites may help to understand how P. indica confers benefits to the host plant.
Sensing coral reef connectivity pathways from space
Authors: Raitsos Dionysios E. , Brewin Robert J. W. , Zhan Peng , Dreano Denis , Pradhan Yaswant , Nanninga Gerrit B. , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCoral reefs rely on inter-habitat connectivity to maintain gene flow, biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. Coral reef communities of the Red Sea exhibit remarkable genetic homogeneity across most of the Arabian Peninsula coastline, with a genetic break towards the southern part of the basin. While previous studies have attributed these patterns to environmental heterogeneity, we hypothesize that they may also emerge as a result of dynamic circulation flow; yet, such linkages remain undemonstrated. Here, we integrate satellite-derived biophysical observations, particle dispersion model simulations, genetic population data and ship-borne in situ profiles to assess reef connectivity in the Red Sea. We simulated long-term (>20 yrs.) connectivity patterns driven by remotely-sensed sea surface height and evaluated results against estimates of genetic distance among populations of anemonefish, Amphiprion bicinctus, along the eastern Red Sea coastline. Predicted connectivity was remarkably consistent with genetic population data, demonstrating that circulation features (eddies, surface currents) formulate physical pathways for gene flow. The southern basin has lower physical connectivity than elsewhere, agreeing with known genetic structure of coral reef organisms. The central Red Sea provides key source regions, meriting conservation priority. Our analysis demonstrates a cost-effective tool to estimate biophysical connectivity remotely, supporting coastal management in data-limited regions.
Diagnostic classification of solitary pulmonary nodules using dual time 18F-FDG PET/CT image texture features in granuloma-endemic regions
Authors: Chen Song , Harmon Stephanie , Perk Timothy , Li Xuena , Chen Meijie , Li Yaming , Jeraj Robert 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLung cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, usually presents as solid pulmonary nodules (SPNs) on early diagnostic images. Classification of malignant disease at this early timepoint is critical for improving the success of surgical resection and increasing 5-year survival rates. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT has demonstrated value for SPNs diagnosis with high sensitivity to detect malignant SPNs, but lower specificity in diagnosing malignant SPNs in populations with endemic infectious lung disease. This study aimed to determine whether quantitative heterogeneity derived from various texture features on dual time FDG PET/CT images (DTPI) can differentiate between malignant and benign SPNs in patients from granuloma-endemic regions. Machine learning methods were employed to find optimal discrimination between malignant and benign nodules. Machine learning models trained by texture features on DTPI images achieved significant improvements over standard clinical metrics and visual interpretation for discriminating benign from malignant SPNs, especially by texture features on delayed FDG PET/CT images.