bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of a Candidate Wolbachia pipientis Type IV Effector That Interacts with the Actin Cytoskeleton
Authors: Sheehan Kathy B. , Martin MaryAnn , Lesser Cammie F. , Isberg Ralph R. , Newton Irene L. G. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Many bacteria live as intracellular symbionts, causing persistent infections within insects. One extraordinarily common infection is that of
Wolbachia pipientis
, which infects 40% of insect species and induces reproductive effects. The bacteria are passed from generation to generation both vertically (through the oocyte) and horizontally (by environmental transmission). Maintenance of the infection within
Drosophila melanogaster
is sensitive to the regulation of actin, as
Wolbachia
inefficiently colonizes strains hemizygous for the profilin or villin genes. Therefore, we hypothesized that
Wolbachia
must depend on the host actin cytoskeleton. In this study, we identify and characterize a
Wolbachia
protein (WD0830) that is predicted to be secreted by the bacterial parasite. Expression of WD0830 in a model eukaryote (the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
) induces a growth defect associated with the appearance of aberrant, filamentous structures which colocalize with rhodamine-phalloidin-stained actin. Purified WD0830 bundles actin
in vitro
and cosediments with actin filaments, suggesting a direct interaction of the two proteins. We characterized the expression of WD0830 throughout
Drosophila
development and found it to be upregulated in third-instar larvae, peaking in early pupation, during the critical formation of adult tissues, including the reproductive system. In transgenic flies, heterologously expressed WD0830 localizes to the developing oocyte. Additionally, overexpression of WD0830 results in increased
Wolbachia
titers in whole flies, in stage 9 and 10 oocytes, and in embryos, compared to controls, suggesting that the protein may facilitate
Wolbachia
’s replication or transmission. Therefore, this candidate secreted effector may play a role in
Wolbachia
’s infection of and persistence within host niches.

IMPORTANCE
The obligate intracellular
Wolbachia pipientis
is a ubiquitous alphaproteobacterial symbiont of arthropods and nematodes and is related to the rickettsial pathogens
Ehrlichia
spp. and
Anaplasma
spp. Studies of
Wolbachia
cell biology suggest that this bacterium relies on host actin for efficient proliferation and transmission between generations. Here, we identified and characterized a
Wolbachia
protein that localizes to and manipulates the eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton, is expressed by
Wolbachia
during host development, and alters
Wolbachia
titers and localization in transgenic fruit flies. We hypothesize that WD0830 may be utilized by the bacterium to facilitate replication in or invasion of different niches during host development.
Priorities for injury prevention in women's Australian football: a compilation of national data from different sources
Authors: Fortington Lauren V , Finch Caroline F 
Published: July 2016

Background/aimParticipation in Australian football (AF) has traditionally been male dominated and current understanding of injury and priorities for prevention are based solely on reports of injuries in male players. There is evidence in other sports that indicates that injury types differ between males and females. With increasing participation in AF by females, it is important to consider their specific injury and prevention needs. This study aimed to provide a first injury profile from existing sources for female AF.MethodsCompilation of injury data from four prospectively recorded data sets relating to female AF: (1) hospital admissions in Victoria, 2008/09–13/14, n=500 injuries; (2) emergency department (ED) presentations in Victoria, 2008/09–2012/13, n=1,879 injuries; (3) insurance claims across Australia 2004–2013, n=522 injuries; (4) West Australian Women's Football League (WAWFL), 2014 season club data, n=49 injuries. Descriptive results are presented as injury frequencies, injury types and injury to body parts.ResultsHospital admissions and ED presentations were dominated by upper limb injuries, representing 47% and 51% of all injuries, respectively, primarily to the wrist/hand at 32% and 40%. Most (65%) insurance claim injuries involved the lower limb, 27% of which were for knee ligament damage. A high proportion of concussions (33%) were reported in the club-collected data.ConclusionsThe results provide the first compilation of existing data sets of women's AF injuries and highlight the need for a rigorous and systematic injury surveillance system to be instituted.
Concomitant aneurysm detection in an intracranial dolichoectasia mouse model using a MicroFil polymer perfusion technique
Authors: Zhu Yue-Qi , Dai Da-Ying , Xing Hai-Xia , Ding Yong-Hong , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of using MicroFil polymer perfusion to detect concomitant saccular aneurysms in an intracranial arterial dolichoectasia (IADE) model in mice, and to report detailed histomorphometric features of these aneurysms.Materials and methodsIADE models were created in C57/BL6 mice via microsurgical injection of 25 mU elastase into the cisterna magna. The cerebral vasculature was perfused with MicroFil polymer and harvested at 1, 3, and 7 days, and 2 and 4 weeks (n=8 for each group). IADE was defined by a tortuosity index >10 combined with a 25% increase in diameter of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), internal carotid artery (ICA), or basilar artery compared with the baseline of controls, which received heat-inactivated elastase. Saccular aneurysm occurrence rate, location, and morphological parameters were investigated using macroscopic and microscopic analysis.ResultsIADE was present in 95% (36/38) of the subjects, with a mortality rate of 5% (2/40). Fifteen concomitant saccular aneurysms were detected in 8 (21%) of the 38 surviving mice, including 6 at the posterior communicating artery, 1 along the ACA, 2 along the anterior communicating artery complex, 3 along the ICA, and 3 along the middle cerebral artery. Rupture was confirmed in two aneurysms. Histological examination indicated that the aneurysms develop via arterial-wall remodelling, which is characterized by internal elastic lamina disruptions and muscular layer discontinuity in the media.ConclusionsThe proportion of subjects developing saccular aneurysms in addition to IADE in our mouse model is similar to the 15% of patients with IADE who have concomitant saccular aneurysms.
Treatment of complex anterior cerebral artery aneurysms with Pipeline flow diversion: mid-term results
Authors: Dabus Guilherme , Grossberg Jonathan A , Cawley C Michael , Dion Jacques E , Puri Ajit S , Wakhloo Ajay K , Gonsales Douglas , Aguilar-Salinas Pedro , Sauvageau Eric , Linfante Italo , Hanel Ricardo A 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe off-label use of flow diverters in the treatment of distal aneurysms continues to be debated.ObjectiveTo report our multicenter experience in the treatment of complex anterior cerebral artery aneurysms with the Pipeline embolization device (PED).MethodsThe neurointerventional databases of the four participating institutions were retrospectively reviewed for aneurysms treated with PED between October 2011 and January of 2016. All patients treated for anterior cerebral artery aneurysms were included in the analysis. Clinical presentation, location, type, vessel size, procedural complications, clinical and imaging follow-up were included in the analysis.ResultsTwenty patients (13 female) with 20 aneurysms met the inclusion criteria in our study. Fifteen aneurysms were classified as saccular and five as fusiform (mean size 7.3 mm). Thirteen aneurysms were located in the anterior communicating region (ACOM or A1/2 junction), six were A2-pericallosal, and one was located in the A1 segment. Six patients had presented previously with subarachnoid hemorrhage and had their aneurysms initially clipped or coiled. There was one minor event (a small caudate infarct) and one major event (intraparenchymal hemorrhage). Sixteen of the 20 patients had angiographic follow-up (mean 10 months). Eleven aneurysms were completely occluded, one had residual neck, and four had residual aneurysm filling.ConclusionsThe treatment of complex anterior cerebral artery aneurysms with the PED as an alternative for patients who are not good candidates for conventional methods is technically feasible and safe. Mid-term results are promising but larger series with long-term follow-up are required to assess its effectiveness.
Baseline Hemodynamics and Response to Contrast Media During Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization Predict Adverse Events in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Denardo Scott J. , Vock David M. , Schmalfuss Carsten M. , Young Gregory D. , Tcheng James E. , O’Connor Christopher M. 
Published: July 2016

Background—
Contrast media administered during cardiac catheterization can affect hemodynamic variables. However, little is documented about the effects of contrast on hemodynamics in heart failure patients or the prognostic value of baseline and changes in hemodynamics for predicting subsequent adverse events.

Methods and Results—

In this prospective study of 150 heart failure patients, we measured hemodynamics at baseline and after administration of iodixanol or iopamidol contrast. One-year Kaplan–Meier estimates of adverse event–free survival (death, heart failure hospitalization, and rehospitalization) were generated, grouping patients by baseline measures of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and cardiac index (CI), and by changes in those measures after contrast administration. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to assess sequentially adding baseline PCWP and change in CI to 5 validated risk models (Seattle Heart Failure Score, ESCAPE [Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness], CHARM [Candesartan in Heart Failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity], CORONA [Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in Heart Failure], and MAGGIC [Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure]). Median contrast volume was 109 mL. Both contrast media caused similarly small but statistically significant changes in most hemodynamic variables. There were 39 adverse events (26.0%). Adverse event rates increased using the composite metric of baseline PCWP and change in CI (
P
<0.01); elevated baseline PCWP and decreased CI after contrast correlated with the poorest prognosis. Adding both baseline PCWP and change in CI to the 5 risk models universally improved their predictive value (
P
≤0.02).

Conclusions—
In heart failure patients, the administration of contrast causes small but significant changes in hemodynamics. Calculating baseline PCWP with change in CI after contrast predicts adverse events and increases the predictive value of existing models. Patients with elevated baseline PCWP and decreased CI after contrast merit greatest concern.
Pinnularia wuyiensis sp. nov., a new diatom (Bacillariophyceae, Naviculales) from the north region of Wuyi Mountains, Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: ZAHNG WEI , PEREIRA ANDREIA CAVALCANTE , KOCIOLEK J. PATRICK , LIU CAIHONG , XU XIAOYING , Wang Liqing 
Published: July 2016

One new species of the genus Pinnularia is described, Pinnularia wuyiensis sp. nov., from the Xinjiang River, Yingtan City, in the northern region of Wuyi Mountains, Southeast China. This new taxon is characterized by a narrowly linear-lanceolate valve, with slightly undulate margins and a gibbous center and rounded, capitate and broadly rounded apices, a very narrow axial area, and a central area generally forming asymmetric, rhombic fascia. The species is compared to Pinnularia gibbiformis, P. gibba, P. polyonca, P. polyonca var. stidolphii, P. polyonca var. sumatrana, P. amazonica and P. subboyeri, all of which closely resemble Pinnularia wuyiensis but differ from the new species in specific details of size, striae density and valve shape. In addition, the ecology of this new species is also described in this paper.
Quantifying Eddy Feedbacks and Forcings in the Tropospheric Response to Stratospheric Sudden Warmings
Authors: Hitchcock Peter , Simpson Isla R. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The equatorward shift of the zonal-mean midlatitude tropospheric jet following a stratospheric sudden warming in a comprehensive stratosphere-resolving model is found to be well quantified by the simple model of tropospheric eddy feedbacks proposed by Lorenz and Hartmann. This permits a decomposition of the shift into a component driven by the stratospheric anomalies and a component driven by tropospheric feedbacks.
This is done by extending the simple model to include three effective forcing mechanisms by which the stratosphere may influence the tropospheric jet. These include 1) the zonally symmetric adjustments associated with the mean meridional circulation and the direct influence of the stratospheric anomalies on 2) the tropospheric synoptic-scale or 3) the tropospheric planetary-scale eddies. Although the anomalous tropospheric winds are primarily maintained against surface friction by the synoptic-scale eddies, this response can be entirely attributed to the eddy feedback term. The response of the planetary-scale eddies, in contrast, can be directly attributed to the stratosphere. The zonally symmetric tropospheric circulation associated with downward control is found to play little role in driving the tropospheric response.
The prospects of applying this methodology to reanalysis data are also considered, but statistical limitations and the relatively weak projection of the vertically integrated composite wind anomalies onto the leading EOF preclude any conclusions from being drawn.
Ocean Processes Affecting the Twenty-First-Century Shift in ENSO SST Variability
Authors: Guan Cong , McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Sea surface temperature (SST) variability associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) slightly increased in the central Pacific Ocean but weakened significantly in the eastern Pacific at the beginning of twenty-first century relative to 1980–99. This decadal shift led to the greater prominence central Pacific (CP) El Niño events during the 2000s relative to the previous two decades, which were dominated by eastern Pacific (EP) events. To expand upon previous studies that have examined this shift in ENSO variability, temperature and temperature variance budgets are examined in the mixed layer of the Niño-3 (5°S–5°N, 150°–90°W) and Niño-4 (5°S–5°N, 160°E–150°W) regions from seven ocean model products spanning the period 1980–2010. This multimodel-product-based approach provides a robust assessment of dominant mechanisms that account for decadal changes in two key index regions. A temperature variance budget perspective on the role of thermocline feedbacks in the ENSO cycle based on recharge oscillator theory is also presented. As found in previous studies, thermocline and zonal advective feedbacks are the most important positive feedbacks for generating ENSO SST variance, and thermodynamic damping is the largest negative feedback for damping ENSO variance. Consistent with the shift toward more CP El Niños after 2000, thermocline feedbacks experienced a substantial reduction from 1980 to 1999 and into the 2000s, while zonal advective feedbacks were less affected. Negative feedbacks likewise weakened after 2000, particularly thermal damping in the Niño-3 region and the nonlinear sink of variance in both regions.
Quantitative longitudinal imaging of activated microglia as a marker of inflammation in the pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy using [11C]-(R)-PK11195 PET and MRI
Authors: Yankam Njiwa J , Costes N , Bouillot C , Bouvard S , Fieux S , Becker G , Levigoureux E , Kocevar G , Stamile C , Langlois JB , Bolbos R , Bonnet C , Bezin L , Zimmer L , Hammers A 
Published: July 2016

Inflammation may play a role in the development of epilepsy after brain insults. [11C]-( R)-PK11195 binds to TSPO, expressed by activated microglia. We quantified [11C]-( R)-PK11195 binding during epileptogenesis after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE), a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Nine male rats were studied thrice (D0-1, D0 + 6, D0 + 35, D0 = SE induction). In the same session, 7T T2-weighted images and DTI for mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were acquired, followed by dynamic PET/CT. On D0 + 35, femoral arterial blood was sampled for rat-specific metabolite-corrected arterial plasma input functions (AIFs). In multiple MR-derived ROIs, we assessed four kinetic models (two with AIFs; two using a reference region), standard uptake values (SUVs), and a model with a mean AIF. All models showed large (up to two-fold) and significant TSPO binding increases in regions expected to be affected, and comparatively little change in the brainstem, at D0 + 6. Some individuals showed increases at D0 + 35. AIF models yielded more consistent increases at D0 + 6. FA values were decreased at D0 + 6 and had recovered by D0 + 35. MD was increased at D0 + 6 and more so at D0 + 35. [11C]-( R)-PK11195 PET binding and MR biomarker changes could be detected with only nine rats, highlighting the potential of longitudinal imaging studies.
An Internet-based health gateway device for interactive communication and automatic data uploading: Clinical efficacy for type 2 diabetes in a multi-centre trial
Authors: Cho Jae Hyoung , Kim Hun-Sung , Yoo Seung Hyun , Jung Chang Hee , Lee Woo Je , Park Cheol Young , Yang Hae Kyung , Park Joong Yeol , Park Sung Woo , Yoon Kun Ho 
Published: July 2016

Introduction The aim of this study was to improve the quality of diabetes control and evaluate the efficacy of an Internet-based integrated healthcare system for diabetes management and safety. Methods We conducted a large-scale, multi-centre, randomized clinical trial involving 484 patients. Patients in the intervention group ( n = 244) were treated with the Internet-based system for six months, while the control group ( n = 240) received the usual outpatient management over the same period. HbA1c, blood chemistries, anthropometric parameters, and adverse events were assessed at the beginning of the study, after three months, and the end of the study. Results There were no initial significant differences between the groups with respect to demographics and clinical parameters. Upon six-month follow-up, HbA1c levels were significantly decreased from 7.86 ± 0.69% to 7.55 ± 0.86% within the intervention group ( p < 0.001) compared to 7.81 ± 0.66% to 7.70 ± 0.88% within the control group. Postprandial glucose reduction was predominant. A subgroup with baseline HbA1c higher than 8% and good compliance achieved a reduction of HbA1c by 0.8 ± 1.05%. Glucose control and waist circumference reduction were more effective in females and subjects older than 40 years of age. There were no adverse events associated with the intervention. Discussion This e-healthcare system was effective for glucose control and body composition improvement without associated adverse events in a multi-centre trial. This system may be effective in improving diabetes control in the general population.
What enables ethically conducted clinical research in hospitals? Views of the administrative staff
Authors: Nurmi Sanna-Maria , Kangasniemi Mari , Halkoaho Arja , Pietilä Anna-Maija 
Published: July 2016

Background Administrative staff, including principal investigators, administrative managers, and elected officials, have a crucial role in ensuring the ethical conduct of the clinical research that occurs in their organisations. However, only few studies have focused on their perspectives. Aim This study describes the ethical aspects of clinical research from the perspectives of the administrative staff at university hospitals in Finland. Methods Qualitative data were collected with semi-structured face-to-face interviews ( n = 31), and subjected to content analysis. Results Four core perspectives emerged: human subject autonomy and its acknowledgement in clinical practice, increased tension between the regulations and practice of clinical research, concerns about a changing research environment, and factors that promote ethical research conduct in hospitals. Conclusion Ethics always extends beyond the law. Therefore it is important to strengthen researchers’ ethical sensitivity through education. Furthermore, we should reinforce elements such as organisational culture, cooperation, and a workable research infrastructure that support good research ethics in hospitals.
An observational study of extending FOLFOX chemotherapy, lengthening the interval between radiotherapy and surgery, and enhancing pathological complete response rates in rectal cancer patients following preoperative chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Huang Chun-Ming , Huang Ming-Yii , Tsai Hsiang-Lin , Huang Ching-Wen , Ma Cheng-Jen , Yeh Yung-Sung , Juo Suh-Hang , Huang Chih-Jen , Wang Jaw-Yuan 
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Patients with rectal cancer who exhibit a pathologic complete response to preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy have excellent oncologic outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the potential advantages of adding oxaliplatin to preoperative fluoropyrimidine-based chemoradiotherapy administered in rectal cancer patients. Methods: A total of 78 patients with rectal cancer were enrolled. Patients were administered chemoradiotherapy, which comprised radiotherapy and chemotherapy involving a 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin regimen every 2 weeks. Surgery was performed 10–12 weeks after radiotherapy completion. Tumor regression, adverse events, surgical complications, and short-term clinical outcomes were recorded. Results: Two patients were excluded because of incomplete radiotherapy treatment or refusal of surgery. Eventually, 76 patients underwent total mesorectal excision and no perioperative mortality was observed. Of these, 20 patients (25.6%) developed grade 3 or 4 toxicity during concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Among the 76 patients who underwent surgery, 24 (31.6%) patients achieved a pathologic complete response. The sphincter preservation rate was 96.1% (73/76) in all patients and 92.2% (39/42) in patients with tumors located less than 5 cm from the anal verge. The 2-year overall and disease-free survivals were 94% and 87.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The intensified multimodality therapy was well tolerated in our cohort and resulted in a considerably high pathologic complete response rate. Regardless of favorable short-term clinical outcomes, long-term oncologic outcomes will be closely monitored among the patients with a pathologic complete response.