bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working with Zika and Usutu Viruses in Vitro
Authors: Barr Kelli L. , Anderson Benjamin D. , Long Maureen T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUsutu and Zika viruses are emerging arboviruses of significant medical and veterinary importance. These viruses have not been studied as well as other medically important arboviruses such as West Nile, dengue, or chikungunya viruses. As such, information regarding the behavior of Zika and Usutu viruses in the laboratory is dated. Usutu virus re-emerged in Austria in 2001 and has since spread throughout the European and Asian continents causing significant mortality among birds. Zika virus has recently appeared in the Americas and has exhibited unique characteristics of pathogenesis, including birth defects, and transmission. Information about the characteristics of Usutu and Zika viruses are needed to better understand the transmission, dispersal, and adaptation of these viruses in new environments. Since their initial characterization in the middle of last century, technologies and reagents have been developed that could enhance our abilities to study these pathogens. Currently, standard laboratory methods for these viruses are limited to 2-3 cell lines and many assays take several days to generate meaningful data. The goal of this study was to characterize these viruses in cell culture to provide some basic parameters to further their study. Cell lines from 17 species were permissive to both Zika and Usutu viruses. These viruses were able to replicate to significant titers in most of the cell lines tested. Moreover, cytopathic effects were observed in 8 of the cell lines tested. The data show that, unlike other flaviviruses, neither Zika nor Usutu viruses require an acidic environment to fuse with a host cell. This may provide a tool to help characterize events or components in the flavivirus fusion process. These data indicate that a variety of cell lines can be used to study Zika and Usutu viruses and may provide an updated foundation for the study of host-pathogen interactions, model development, and the development of therapeutics.Author SummaryUsutu and Zika viruses are arboviruses of identified in significant medical and veterinary outbreaks in recent years. Currently, standard laboratory methods for these viruses are limited to 2-3 cell lines and basic viral characterization has not been performed since the mid-20thcentury. Zika and Usutu viruses were characterized in cell culture. The data show that a variety of cell lines can be used to study the viruses. Neither Zika nor Usutu viruses require an acidic environment for host cell infection.
Non-homologous DNA increases gene disruption efficiency by altering DNA repair outcomes
Authors: Richardson CD , Ray GJ , Corn JE 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCas9 endonuclease can be targeted to genomic sequences by varying the sequence of the single guide RNA (sgRNA). The activity of these Cas9-sgRNA combinations varies widely at different genomic loci and in different cell types. Thus, disrupting genes in polyploid cell lines, or using inefficient sgRNAs, can require extensive downstream screening to identify homozygous clones. We have found that linear, non-homologous oligonucleotide DNA greatly stimulates Cas9-mediated gene disruption in the absence of homology-directed repair. This stimulation greatly increases the frequency of clones with homozygous gene disruptions, even in polyploid cell lines, and rescues otherwise ineffective sgRNAs. The mechanism of enhanced gene disruption differs between human cell lines, stimulating deletion of genomic sequence and/or insertion of non-homologous oligonucleotide DNA at the edited locus in a cell line specific manner. Thus, the addition of non-homologous DNA appears to drive cells towards error-prone instead of error-free repair pathways, dramatically increasing the frequency of gene disruption.
The potential of prisons to support drug recovery
Authors: Hearty Philippa , Wincup Emma , Wright Nat M. J. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– Recovery is the predominant discourse within current UK drug policy, promoted as freedom from dependence. In support of such a policy driver, prison drug recovery wings have been piloted in ten prisons in England and Wales to address high drug prevalence rates in prisoner populations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of these specialist wings within the context of wider developments to tackle reoffending among drug-using prisoners.

Design/methodology/approach
– The first part of the paper offers an analysis of the emergence of the recovery paradigm in the prison context through analysis of official policy documents. The second draws predominantly upon two process evaluations of the drug recovery wings, alongside literature on prison drug treatment.

Findings
– There is limited empirical evidence to inform the debate about whether prisons can provide settings to facilitate recovery from the effects of illicit drug use. What is available suggests that effective therapeutic environments for recovering drug users could be established within prisons. Key components for these appear to be sufficient numbers of staff who are competent and confident in providing a dual role of support and discipline, and a common purpose of all prisoners committing to recovery from illicit drugs and supporting each other. Further research regarding the impact of drug recovery wings upon health, crime and wider social outcomes is needed.

Originality/value
– This paper provides an updated perspective on the development of drug treatment in prisons, with a particular focus on the implications of the new recovery paradigm.
Diet and nutrient intake of people receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT): implications for recovery
Authors: Ii Suzanne Sayuri , Ryan Lisa , Neale Joanne 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide new insights into the diet and nutrient intake of people receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT) in the UK, offering implications for recovery-oriented treatment and care.Design/methodology/approach– Diet and nutrient intake were assessed using quantitative methods. The research tools used were: a socio-demographic and drug use questionnaire, 24-hour dietary recall interview and anthropometry measures. A four-month follow-up was conducted using the same methods.Findings– Mean (SD) body mass index for males (n=15) and females (n=10) exceeded the normal range (25.2 (5.9) kg/m2 and 33.3 (8.6) kg/m2, respectively) at baseline. Males decreased to the normal range at follow-up (mean (SD)=24.1 (±6.2) kg/m2]. Females increased to obesity Class II at follow-up (mean (SD)=35.1 (±8.0) kg/m2). Non-starch polysaccharide intakes were significantly lower than the reference nutrient intake (RNI). Iron intakes for females were significantly below the RNI. Saturated fat intake and sodium intake exceeded the RNI. In total, 11 (44 per cent) participants had multiple health conditions. Participants regularly consumed meals and reported frequent snacking events.Research limitations/implications– There is a need for better understanding of nutrition-related issues and dietary deficiencies amongst people receiving OAT, including larger studies that explore differences between males and females, other sub-groups and changes over time.Practical implications– Nutritional recommendations or guidelines and increased attention to nutrition and diet within treatment programmes are needed to help people receiving OAT.Originality/value– This paper demonstrates how diet and nutrient intake are essential to recovery processes and outcomes.
Citizens’ perceived value of locally-provided services
Authors: Immonen Mika , Sintonen Sanna 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– Ageing and population movement from rural regions to regional centres have raised new questions regarding the value of locally available services. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of individuals’ functioning status, housing arrangements and social context on services value. The authors approach the topic with the following research question: how do the personal capabilities and social spheres of rural residents influence demand for local services?Design/methodology/approach– Results are based on a postal survey conducted in southeast Finland. Data were collected using a random sample of 3,000 people from age 60 to 90 years in rural areas surrounding a regional centre. A total of 1,121 valid responses were received.Findings– The influence of individuals’ mobility on value depended on the travel distance between services and living arrangements. The authors find that subjective norms and social interactions influenced attitudes; meanwhile, the government indirectly influenced the perceived value of services.Research limitations/implications– The self-efficacy of future rural populations in adopting new services would also be a worthwhile topic. Further research should compare different living arrangements and cultures.Originality/value– The findings of this study highlight the importance of community-wide interventions. Governmental influence did not have a direct influence on perceived value of service but has significance for the subjective norm. The moderation effect, however, revealed that governmental influence is significant where community population density is high.
Support, opposition, emotion and contentious issue risk perception
Authors: Bourassa Maureen , Doraty Kelton , Berdahl Loleen , Fried Jana , Bell Scott 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– Research on emotion in the context of risk perception has historically focused on negative emotions, and has emphasized the effect of these negative emotions on the perception of risk amongst those who oppose (rather than support) contentious issues. Drawing on theory, the purpose of this paper is to hypothesize that both positive and negative emotions are correlated with risk perceptions regarding contentious public issues and that this occurs amongst supporters and opponents alike.Design/methodology/approach– The paper explores the relationship between emotions and perceived risk through consideration of the highly contentious case of nuclear energy in Saskatchewan, Canada. The analysis uses data from a representative telephone survey of 1,355 residents.Findings– The results suggest that positive emotions, like negative emotions, are related to nuclear energy risk perceptions. Emotions are related to risk perception amongst both supporters and opponents.Research limitations/implications– The data set’s limited number of emotion measures and single public issue focus, combined with the survey’s cross-sectional design, make this research exploratory in nature. Future research should incorporate multiple positive emotions, explore opposition, and support across a range of contentious public issues, and consider experimental models to assess causal relationships.Practical implications– The paper offers insights into how public sector managers must be cognizant of the emotional underpinnings of risk perceptions amongst both supporters and opponents of contentious public issues.Originality/value– This paper builds on and expands previous work by considering both positive and negative emotions and both supporters and opponents of contentious issues.
Where to from here? Current status of school libraries in Sri Lanka: a survey
Authors: Wickramanayake Lalith 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to determine the present status of the school libraries in Sri Lanka that were not developed under the General Education Project 2 implemented during 1997-2005.Design/methodology/approach– A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 135 school libraries drawn at random from two educational zones in Sri Lanka. The instrument included objective-oriented close-ended questions to be answered appropriately and analysis was done accordingly.Findings– The majority of school libraries in Sri Lanka are run by less qualified school librarians with no professional librarianship qualification. Scarcity of appropriate library buildings, inadequate funding and lack of reading materials and other physical resources were common among the studied school libraries. Unavailability of dedicated timeslots within the school timetable for library and information skills sessions had significantly decreased the library usage by students. It was also found that school librarians had rather negative attitudes concerning their job.Research limitations/implications– Neglecting other stakeholders and taking samples only from school librarians for the study and selecting only government schools by excluding private/international schools and monasteries (Pirivenas) created considerable limitation for the study.Originality/value– This study derived significant findings which could be used to understand the reality of school libraries in Sri Lanka, and these findings could be used to overcome practical issues which may negatively affect school library development.
Les femmes, les hommes et l'emploi en période d'austérité: l'Irlande, l'Italie et le Portugal dans une perspective comparée
Authors: ADDABBO Tindara , BASTOS Amélia , FALCÃO CASACA Sara , DUVVURY Nata , NÍ LÉIME Áine 
Published: February 2016

RésuméEn s'appuyant sur des données d'Eurostat de 2007, 2010 et 2012, les auteures étudient les effets de la crise de 2008 sur la situation des travailleurs hommes et femmes en Italie, en Irlande et au Portugal, en s'intéressant plus particulièrement aux nouvelles dynamiques du marché du travail, aux profils d'emploi au sein des ménages et aux revenus. La réduction des écarts entre les hommes et les femmes en matière d'emploi, de chômage et de travail précaire révèle moins une progression vers l'égalité des sexes qu'une détérioration de la situation des hommes, aux dépens du niveau de vie des ménages.
Le recul de l'activité féminine au Kerala: des éléments empiriques à l'appui de la thèse du découragement?
Authors: MATHEW Shalina Susan 
Published: February 2016

RésuméEn Inde, l'activité féminine recule depuis le milieu des années 2000, et l'évolution du Kerala, Etat autrefois exemplaire en la matière, est particulièrement défavorable. L'auteure examine la variation des taux d'activité et d'emploi des femmes au Kerala entre 2004 et 2012 en tenant compte du revenu du ménage, de l'âge, du niveau d'instruction et de la profession. Le désengagement de femmes plutôt jeunes, instruites, pouvant viser des postes au plus haut niveau, suggère un effet du travailleur découragé, encore renforcé par l'écart salarial croissant entre les sexes dans les professions les plus prestigieuses, aux dépens des particularités historiques du marché du travail du Kerala.
Déterminants des priorités des hommes et des femmes quant aux grands aspects de la vie: le cas d'Israël
Authors: SHARABI Moshe 
Published: February 2016

RésuméExploitant une enquête de 2006 auprès d'un échantillon de la population active israélienne sur la signification du travail, l'auteur examine la centralité relative des diverses sphères de la vie: travail, famille, loisirs, collectivité et religion. La famille reste plus importante pour les femmes que pour les hommes, mais il n'y a pas de différence quant au travail, en rupture avec la moindre préférence traditionnelle des femmes pour celui‐ci. L'auteur identifie au moyen d'une régression les déterminants socio‐économiques des différences d'attitudes entre hommes et femmes. Il en ressort un risque croissant de conflit entre travail et famille chez les Israéliennes.
Déterminants de l'écart entre chômages masculin et féminin en Italie et au Royaume‐Uni: une analyse comparative
Authors: BAUSSOLA Maurizio , MUSSIDA Chiara , JENKINS Jamie , PENFOLD Matthew 
Published: February 2016

RésuméLes auteurs examinent l'écart entre chômages masculin et féminin en Italie et au Royaume‐Uni en analysant les déterminants des flux sur le marché du travail au moyen d'un modèle logit multinomial. En outre, ils évaluent la contribution à cet écart des transitions entre emploi, chômage et inactivité, dans une perspective comparative, à partir de données issues des enquêtes sur la population active italienne et britannique pour la période 2004–2013. La décomposition de cet écart à l'aide d'une matrice de probabilités de transition fait apparaître que ce sont les femmes qui sont défavorisées sur le marché du travail en Italie mais que c'est l'inverse qui prévaut au Royaume‐Uni.
Modes de garde et mobilité des jeunes actifs dans le sud de l'Europe
Authors: MÉNDEZ Ildefonso 
Published: February 2016

RésuméL'auteur analyse l'association entre mode de garde et mobilité des travailleurs dans le sud de l'Europe, où les couples parentaux effectifs ou potentiels cherchent à résider près de leurs parents pour concilier travail et famille, en tirant profit du faible taux d'activité des femmes de la génération précédente. Il propose un modèle de comportement et prédit ainsi les décisions du couple sur sa fécondité, sa mobilité et l'activité de la femme à partir de données du Panel communautaire des ménages (PCM). Ce n'est que pour les couples avec enfants du sud de l'Europe que l'on constate un effet défavorable significatif du travail féminin sur la mobilité.
Will mouth wash solutions of water, salt, sodiumbicarbonate or citric acid improve upper gastrointestinal symptoms in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Manley Karen Joy 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundUraemic symptoms including taste changes, nausea and dry retching are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Taste buds detect five basic tastes: sweet, salty, sour, umami and bitter. Saliva in CKD usually has increased concentrations of urea, sodium, potassium, phosphate and higher pH levels. Genetic sensitivities to the bitter taste, with the changes in saliva can cause taste changes and impact uraemic symptoms.AimThe aim of this study was to assess if mouth wash solutions of water, salt, sodium bicarbonate or citric acid improves upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in CKD patients.MethodsAn interventional crossover study with 42 CKD patients (21 men, 21 women) complaining of upper GI symptoms were recruited. Subjects completed a questionnaire to assess symptoms and tested for genetic taste sensitivities. Saliva samples were analysed. Mouth rinse solutions of salt, bicarbonate, citric acid and de‐ionised water were trialled in randomized order for patient reaction and symptom improvement.ResultsAll 42 patients experienced anorexia, 39 (93%) reported taste changes, 27 (48%) nausea and 27 (48%) dry retching. All solutions improved symptoms in some patients. Sodium bicarbonate (P = 0.005) gave the greatest improvement in mouth feel and symptom control compared with the least favoured citric acid solution. Sixty‐six percent of patients found sodium bicarbonate beneficial with 40% preference over other solutions.ConclusionSimple mouthwashes can be used to relieve or eliminate some uraemic symptoms. Rinsing the mouth with a sodium bicarbonate solution cleanses receptors on taste buds and may alter mouth pH thereby reducing some upper GI symptoms that CKD patients can experience.
Long-term Surveillance of Physical Activity Habits of Latinas Enrolled in a 12-Month Physical Activity Intervention
Authors: Carr Lucas J. , Dunsinger Shira , Marcus Bess H. 
Published: February 2016

Background:Long-term physical activity surveillance has not been conducted among Latinas. This study explored the variability of daily physical activity habits of inactive adult Latinas participating in a 12-month physical activity intervention.Methods:We collected objective physical activity data (pedometer) from 139 Spanish speaking Latinas (age = 41.6 ± 10.1 years; BMI = 29.6 ± 4.3 kg/m2) enrolled in a 12-month physical activity intervention. Total and aerobic steps (>100 steps/minute) were computed by year, season, month, day of week, time of day, and hour.Results:Participants walked an average of 6509 steps/day of which 1303 (20%) were aerobic steps. Significant physical activity differences were observed for subgroups including generational status, education, employment, income, marital status and health literacy. Significant and similar differences were observed for both total steps and aerobic steps for day of the week (weekdays > weekends) and season (summer > spring > fall > winter). Opposing trends were observed over the course of the day for total steps (early afternoon > late morning > late afternoon > early morning > evening) and aerobic steps (early morning > evening > late morning > late afternoon > early afternoon).Conclusions:Both seasonality and week day predicted physical activity habits of Latinas. This is the first long-term study to track daily physical activity habits of Latinas. These data have potential to inform the design of future physical activity interventions targeting Latinas.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Shewanella
sp. Strain P1-14-1, a Bacterial Inducer of Settlement and Morphogenesis in Larvae of the Marine Hydroid
Hydractinia echinata
Authors: Rischer Maja , Klassen Jonathan L. , Wolf Thomas , Guo Huijuan , Shelest Ekaterina , Clardy Jon , Beemelmanns Christine 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

The assembly and annotation of the draft genome sequence of
Shewanella
sp. strain P1-14-1 are reported here to investigate the genes responsible for interkingdom interactions, secondary metabolite production, and microbial electrogenesis.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Type Strain of Aeromonas schubertii, ATCC 43700
Authors: Liu Lihui , Li Ningqiu , Zhang Defeng , Fu Xiaozhe , Shi Cunbin , Lin Qiang 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

We sequenced the complete genome of the type strain of
Aeromonas schubertii
, ATCC 43700. The full genome sequence of
A. schubertii
ATCC 43700 is 4,356,858 bp, which encodes 3,842 proteins and contains 110 predicted RNA genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Photoheterotrophic
Chloracidobacterium thermophilum
Strain OC1 Found in a Mat at Ojo Caliente
Authors: Hallenbeck Patrick C. , Grogger Melanie , Mraz Megan , Veverka Donald 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Metagenomics of an enrichment culture from a New Mexico hot spring allowed the description of a draft genome of a
Chloracidobacterium thermophilum
strain for the first time outside Yellowstone National Park with a surprisingly high degree of identity with the type strain.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Thermophilic Cyanobacterium from the Family
Oscillatoriales
(Strain MTP1) from the Chalk River, Colorado
Authors: Hallenbeck Patrick C. , Grogger Melanie , Mraz Megan , Veverka Donald 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

The draft genome (57.7% GC, 7,647,882 bp) of the novel thermophilic cyanobacterium MTP1 was determined by metagenomics of an enrichment culture. The genome shows that it is in the family
Oscillatoriales
and encodes multiple heavy metal resistances as well as the capacity to make exopolysaccharides.
Draft Genome Sequences of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Subclinical Bovine Mastitis in Brazil
Authors: Silva Danielle Mendes , da Silva Mônica Pacheco , Vidigal Pedro M. Pereira , Barcelos Rafael Mazioli , Klein Raphael Contelli , Aguilar Ananda Pereira , Fabres-Klein Mary Hellen , Oliveira Guilherme , Ribon Andréa Oliveira Barros 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequences of four
Staphylococcus aureus
strains isolated from mastitic milk collected from animals with subclinical manifestations. Three of them were typed as sequence type 126 (ST126), a genotype with no genome sequence available. ST126 is found in several herds of southern Brazil and is described as a bovine pathogen strongly associated with milk around the world.