bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microfocused ultrasound in combination with diluted calcium hydroxylapatite for improving skin laxity and the appearance of lines in the neck and décolletage
Authors: Casabona Gabriela , Nogueira Teixeira Diana 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundSkin laxity and wrinkling on the neck and décolletage reveal age as reliably as the face.ObjectiveTo evaluate the combined use of microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU‐V; Ultherapy®) and diluted calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA; Radiesse®) for treating the neck and décolletage.MethodsSubjects with moderate‐to‐severe lines on the neck and/or décolletage were retrospectively enrolled. MFU‐V was applied using 7 and 10 MHz transducers followed by subdermal injection of CaHA diluted 1:1 with lidocaine solution. Photographs at baseline and 90 days were assessed by two independent, blinded evaluators using three scales: Merz Aesthetics décolleté wrinkles, Fabi‐Bolton chest wrinkle, and Allergan transverse neck lines scales.ResultsA total of 47 subjects were treated as follows: 29 (neck only), five (décolletage only), and 13 (both areas). Mean neckline score improved from 2.6 (moderate‐to‐severe lines) at baseline to 1.3 (mild lines) 90 days after treatment (P < .001). Mean décolletage scores improved from 2.6 and 3.3 (moderate‐to‐severe wrinkles) on the Merz Aesthetics and Fabi‐Bolton scales, respectively, to 1.1 and 1.8 (mild wrinkles), respectively, after treatment (both P < .001). Both procedures were well tolerated with high subject satisfaction.ConclusionsCombining MFU‐V with 1:1 diluted CaHA is effective for improving the appearance of neck and décolletage lines and wrinkles.
A Comparison of Effectiveness of Dohsa‐hou and the Alexander Technique on Happiness, Social Adjustment, Hope, Mental Health, and Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Pour Kamali Tahereh , Yazdkhasti Fariba , Oreyzi HamiD Reza , Chitsaz Ahmad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Dohsa‐hou and the Alexander Technique on happiness, social adjustment, hope, mental health, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. The statistical population of this study included all of the patients with Parkinson's disease who were clients of neural therapeutic centers in Isfahan City in 2015. Among this population, 28 patients were selected through convenience sampling as the sample of the study. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, the Social Adjustment Scale, the Adult Hope Scale, the General Health Questionnaire, and the Word Health Quality of Life Questionnaire were used as the instruments of the study. Data were analyzed by analyses of variance with repeated measures. The results showed that both interventions of this study can improve happiness, hope, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease, but Dohsa‐hou is more effective than the Alexander Technique in the improvement of happiness and hope. Probable explanations have been discussed.
Enhanced nondestructive characterization of ordinary chondrites using complex magnetic susceptibility measurements
Authors: Oliver P. , Ralchenko M. , Samson C. , Ernst R. E. , McCausland P. J. A. , West G. F. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOrdinary chondrites have previously been nondestructively characterized using bulk magnetic susceptibility, broadly reflecting their Fe‐Ni alloy content. We seek to expand the information that can be recovered from magnetic susceptibility by using the University of Toronto Electromagnetic Induction Spectrometer (UTEMIS) to measure the complex magnetic susceptibility tensor of 20 ordinary chondrites samples in addition to 16 Gao–Guenie (H5) chondrites at 35 frequencies from 90 Hz to 64 kHz, at variable low applied field strengths <10 A m−1. Following removal of the field‐dependent component of susceptibility, frequency dependence, in‐ and out‐of‐phase components, and bulk magnetic susceptibility were interpreted. Most meteorites showed no frequency‐dependent in‐phase responses, but had a frequency‐dependent out‐of‐phase response attributed to eddy currents induced in conductive minerals. Greater in‐ and out‐of‐phase frequency dependence correlated with lower fayalite content in olivine and was, in turn, inversely proportional to Fe‐Ni alloy content. The uncertainty in the UTEMIS measurements ranges from approximately 0.05% for low‐frequency in‐phase measurements to a maximum of 3% for low‐frequency out‐of‐phase measurements. This uncertainty level was far lower than the intra‐meteorite variability for the Gao–Guenie suite suggesting inhomogeneity at scales of approximately 10 g.
The Renewal and Reform of the Catholic Church's Relationship with the Religious Others: Prospects and Challenges for a Theological Humanistic Turn in Christian‐Muslim Dialogue
Authors: Okwara MariaOlisaemeka Rosemary 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article aims at exploring some recent developments in Catholic Church's recent relationship with religious others. It does so by exploring the theological‐anthropological sources behind Vatican II and some subsequent Papal teachings concerning the Church's mission of dialogue. Specifically, it discusses the notion of common origin, destiny and common humanity as sources for praxis‐oriented and faith‐based initiatives in a Christian‐Muslim dialogue. This article is divided into three sub‐sections. First, it considers the Catholic Church's renewed dialogue with non‐Christian believers, with particular focus on the theological‐anthropological turn in recent Church teaching. Second, it examines the prospects and challenges of Christian‐Muslim dialogue based on belief in God the creator and divine revelation, and human beings' response to divine manifestations in history. Finally, it considers some faith‐based humanistic and dialogic initiatives that emerge from the Christian‐Muslim confession of one creator God. The paper suggests that a theology of dialogue that understands the world and human beings as the realm of encounter, uncovering and necessitating the divine and the Church's (salvific) activity in human history, can foster faith‐based humanistic and dialogic initiatives between Christians and Muslims.
Evidence for increased use of the Society of Pediatric Anesthesia Critical Events Checklist in resource‐limited environments: A retrospective observational study of app data
Authors: O'Reilly‐Shah Vikas N. , Kitzman Jamie , Jabaley Craig S. , Lynde Grant C. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundElectronic decision support tools in anesthesiology practice have great value, including the potential for mobile applications to simplify delivery of best‐practice guidelines.AimsWe sought to combine demographics with usage information to elucidate important patterns in the rate of use of the Society of Pediatric Anesthesia Critical Events Checklist, as measured by in‐app accesses of the checklist via the freely available anesthesia calculator app anesthesiologist.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analytic observational case‐control study using analytics and survey data collected from the app. Users of the app were classified on the basis of whether or not they had accessed the checklist. This classification was used to perform logistic regression against a number of independent variables, including frequency of app use, country income level, professional role, rating of app importance, length of time in practice, group size, practice model, community served, and primary practice environment.ResultsIndividual app users practicing in low‐ and middle‐income countries have a significantly higher rate of Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Critical Events Checklist utilization as compared with high‐income countries. Rural practitioners had higher utilization of the checklist. Practice size did not affect the utilization of the checklist. The checklist was used for both provider learning and for just‐in‐time patient care.ConclusionmHealth apps are invaluable resource in everyday clinical practice. Mobile app analytics and in‐app survey data reveal variable penetration and applicability of such technology worldwide. mHealth apps may be particularly impactful in limited‐resource areas, such as lower‐income environments and rural communities.
Implications of the galactosidase activity of yieldin in the regulatory mechanism of yield threshold that is fundamental to cell wall extension
Authors: Okamoto‐Nakazato Akane 
Published: December 2017

To understand the action mechanism of yieldin (YLD) on the regulation of the yield threshold (Y), one of the critical parameters of cell wall extension, YLD was extracted from the cell walls of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) hypocotyls and the hemagglutinin activity (HA) as well as the glycosidase activity of the protein was measured. Sedimentation assays using trypsinated rabbit erythrocytes showed that YLD possessed HA at pH 7. The digestion assays using 4‐nitrophenyl (pNP) glycopyranosides as artificial substrates showed that YLD liberated galactose residues from pNP alpha‐d‐galactopyranoside mainly at pH 4.0, i.e. the pH level where Y was decreased at most. These results show that YLD is a bifunctional protein that switches between the HA and the galactosidase activities depending on the surrounding pH. Since D‐galactose at concentration of 0.03 g l−1 perfectly inhibited the HA, YLD was suggested to associate with galactose residues. However, the galactose application ten times concentrated was necessary to inhibit both the galactosidase activity of YLD and the acid‐induced shift of Y regulated by YLD. In addition, the specific inhibitor of alpha‐d‐galactosidase (deoxygalactonojirimycin) inhibited both the galactosidase activity of YLD and the shift of Y at the same concentration, but not the HA. On the basis of these results, it is suggested the galactosidase activity of YLD plays a central role in the mechanism of Y‐regulation at acidic pH.
The Xanthomonas effector XopL uncovers the role of microtubules in stromule extension and dynamics in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Erickson Jessica L. , Adlung Norman , Lampe Christina , Bonas Ulla , Schattat Martin H. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryXanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria type III‐secreted effectors were screened for candidates influencing plant cell processes relevant to the formation and maintenance of stromules in Nicotiana benthamiana lower leaf epidermis. Transient expression of XopL, a unique type of E3 ubiquitin ligase, led to a nearly complete elimination of stromules and the relocation of plastids to the nucleus. Further characterization of XopL revealed that the E3 ligase activity is essential for the two plastid phenotypes. In contrast to the XopL wild type, a mutant XopL lacking E3 ligase activity specifically localized to microtubules. Interestingly, mutant XopL‐labeled filaments frequently aligned with stromules, suggesting an important, yet unexplored, microtubule–stromule relationship. High time‐resolution movies confirmed that microtubules provide a scaffold for stromule movement and contribute to stromule shape. Taken together, this study has defined two populations of stromules: microtubule‐dependent stromules, which were found to move slower and persist longer, and microtubule‐independent stromules, which move faster and are transient. Our results provide the basis for a new model of stromule dynamics including interactions with both actin and microtubules.
Relationship between growth and illness, enteropathogens and dietary intakes in the first 2 years of life: findings from the MAL-ED birth cohort study
Authors:   MAL-ED Network Investigators
Published: December 2017

BackgroundDietary and illness factors affect risk of growth faltering; the role of enteropathogens is less clear. As part of the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study, we quantify the effects of enteropathogen infection, diarrhoea and diet on child growth.MethodsNewborns were enrolled and followed until 24 months. Length and weight were assessed monthly. Illnesses and breastfeeding practices were documented biweekly; from 9 to 24 months, non-breast milk intakes were quantified monthly. Routinely collected non-diarrhoeal stools were analysed for a broad array of enteropathogens. A linear piecewise spline model was used to quantify associations of each factor with growth velocity in seven of eight MAL-ED sites; cumulative effects on attained size at 24 months were estimated for mean, low (10th percentile) and high (90th percentile) exposure levels. Additionally, the six most prevalent enteropathogens were evaluated for their effects on growth.ResultsDiarrhoea did not have a statistically significant effect on growth. Children with high enteropathogen exposure were estimated to be 1.21±0.33 cm (p<0.001; 0.39 length for age (LAZ)) shorter and 0.08±0.15 kg (p=0.60; 0.08 weight-for-age (WAZ)) lighter at 24 months, on average, than children with low exposure.Campylobacterand enteroaggregativeEscherichia colidetections were associated with deficits of 0.83±0.33 and 0.85±0.31 cm in length (p=0.011 and 0.001) and 0.22±0.15 and 0.09±0.14 kg in weight (p=0.14 and 0.52), respectively. Children with low energy intakes and protein density were estimated to be 1.39±0.33 cm (p<0.001; 0.42 LAZ) shorter and 0.81±0.15 kg (p<0.001; 0.65 WAZ) lighter at 24 months than those with high intakes.ConclusionsReducing enteropathogen burden and improving energy and protein density of complementary foods could reduce stunting.
Vertical and horizontal equity of funding for malaria control: a global multisource funding analysis for 2006–2010
Authors: Barrenho Eliana , Miraldo Marisa , Shaikh Mujaheed , Atun Rifat 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundInternational and domestic funding for malaria is critically important to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Its equitable distribution is key in ensuring that the available, scarce, resources are deployed efficiently for improved progress and a sustained response that enables eradication.MethodsWe used concentration curves and concentration indices to assess inequalities in malaria funding by different donors across countries, measuring both horizontal and vertical equity. Horizontal equity assesses whether funding is distributed in proportion to health needs, whereas vertical equity examines whether unequal economic needs are addressed by appropriately unequal funding. We computed the Health Inequity Index and the Kakwani Index to assess the former and the latter, respectively. We used data from the World Bank, Global Fund, Unicef, President’s Malaria Initiative and the Malaria Atlas Project to assess the distribution of funding against need for 94 countries. National gross domestic product per capita was used as a proxy for economic need and‘population-at-risk’for health need.FindingsThe level and direction of inequity varies across funding sources. Unicef and the President’s Malaria Initiative were the most horizontally inequitable (pro-poor). Inequity as shown by the Health Inequity Index for Unicef decreased from −0.40 (P<0.05) in 2006 to −0.25 (P<0.10) in 2008, and increased again to −0.58 (P<0.01) in 2009. For President’s Malaria Initiative, it increased from −0.19 (P>0.10) in 2006 to −0.38 (P<0.05) in 2008, and decreased to −0.36 (P<0.10) in 2010. Domestic funding was inequitable (pro-rich) with inequity increasing from 0.28 (P<0.01) in 2006 to 0.39 (P<0.01) in 2009, and then decreasing to 0.22 (P<0.10) in 2010. Funding from the World Bank and the Global Fund was distributed proportionally according to need. In terms of vertical inequity, all sources were progressive: Unicef and the President’s Malaria Initiative were the most progressive with the Kakwani Indices ranging from −0.97 (P<0.01) to −1.29 (P<0.01), and −0.90 (P<0.01) to −1.10 (P<0.01), respectively.ConclusionOur results suggest that external funding of malaria treatment tends to be allocated to countries with higher health and economic need but not in proportion to their relative health need and income when compared to other countries. While malaria eradication might require funders to disproportionally allocate funding that goes beyond (financial and health) need, our analysis highlights that funders might potentially be targeting in excess certain countries. Regular assessments of need and greater coordination among donors are necessary for equitable resource allocation, to improve and sustain progress with malaria control and elimination.
Gender-specific interactions between education and income in relation to obesity: a cross-sectional analysis of the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V)
Authors: Chung Woojin , Lim Seung-ji , Lee Sunmi , Kim Roeul , Kim Jaeyeun 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo identify gender-specific associations between education and income in relation to obesity in developed countries by considering both the interaction-effect terms of the independent variables and their main-effect terms.DesignA cross-sectional study. Education and income levels were chosen as socioeconomic status indicators. Sociodemographics, lifestyles and medical conditions were used as covariates in multivariable logistic regression models. Adjusted ORs and predicted probabilities of being obese were computed and adjusted for a complex survey design.SettingData were obtained from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2012).ParticipantsThe sample included 7337 male and 9908 female participants aged ≥19 years.Outcome measureObesity was defined as body mass index of ≥25, according to a guideline for Asians.ResultsIn models with no interaction-effect terms of independent variables, education was significantly associated with obesity in both men and women, but income was significant only in women. However, in models with the interaction-effect terms, education was significant only in women, but income was significant only in men. The interaction effect between income and education was significant in men but not in women. Participants having the highest predicted probability of being obese over educational and income levels differed between the two types of models, and between men and women. A prediction using the models with the interaction-effect terms demonstrated that for all men, the highest level of formal education was associated with an increase in their probability of being obese by as much as 26%.ConclusionsThe well-known, negative association between socioeconomic status and obesity in developed countries may not be valid when interaction effects are included. Ignoring these effects and their gender differences may result in the targeting of wrong populations for reducing obesity prevalence and its resultant socioeconomic gradients.
Association of occasional smoking with total mortality in the population-based Tromsø study, 2001–2015
Authors: Løchen Maja-Lisa , Gram Inger Torhild , Mannsverk Jan , Mathiesen Ellisiv B , Njølstad Inger , Schirmer Henrik , Wilsgaard Tom , Jacobsen Bjarne K 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesThere is a shift in the smoking population from daily smokers to light or occasional smokers. The knowledge about possible adverse health effects of this new smoking pattern is limited. We investigated smoking habits with focus on occasional smoking in relation to total mortality in a follow-up study of a Norwegian general population.SettingA population study in Tromsø, Norway.MethodsWe collected smoking habits and relevant risk factors in 4020 women and 3033 men aged 30–89 years in the Tromsø Study in 2001. The subjects were followed up regarding total mortality through June 2015.ResultsAmong the participants, there were 7% occasional smokers. Occasional smokers were younger, more educated and used alcohol more frequently than other participants. A total of 766 women and 882 men died during the follow-up. After the adjustment for confounders, we found that occasional smoking significantly increased mortality by 38% (95% CI 8% to 76%) compared with never smokers. We report a dose–response relationship in the hazards of smoking (daily, occasional, former and never smoking).ConclusionsOccasional smoking is not a safe smoking alternative. There is a need for information to the general public and health workers about the health hazards of occasional smoking. More work should be done to motivate this often well-educated group to quit smoking completely.
Symptomatic partial and transitional atrioventricular septal defect repaired in infancy
Authors: Krupickova Sylvia , Morgan Gareth J , Cheang Mun Hong , Rigby Michael L , Franklin Rodney C , Battista Andrea , Spanaki Ariana , Bonello Beatrice , Ghez Olivier , Anderson David , Tsang Victor , Michielon Guido , Marek Jan , Fraisse Alain 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesInfants with symptomatic partial and transitional atrioventricular septal defect undergoing early surgical repair are thought to be at greater risk. However, the outcome and risk profile of this cohort of patients are poorly defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of symptomatic infants undergoing early repair and to identify risk factors which may predict mortality and reoperation.MethodsThis multicentre study recruited 51 patients (24 female) in three tertiary centres between 2000 and 2015. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) partial and transitional atrioventricular septal defect, (2) heart failure unresponsive to treatment, (3) biventricular repair during the first year of life.ResultsMedian age at definitive surgery was 179 (range 0–357) days. Sixteen patients (31%) had unfavourable anatomy of the left atrioventricular valve: dysplastic (n=7), double orifice (n=3), severely deficient valve leaflets (n=1), hypoplastic left atrioventricular orifice and/or mural leaflet (n=3), short/poorly defined chords (n=2). There were three inhospital deaths (5.9%) after primary repair. Eleven patients (22%) were reoperated at a median interval of 40 days (4 days to 5.1 years) for severe left atrioventricular valve regurgitation and/or stenosis. One patient required mechanical replacement of the left atrioventricular valve. After median follow-up of 3.8 years (0.1–11.4 years), all patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I. In multivariable analysis, unfavourable anatomy of the left atrioventricular valve was the only risk factor associated with left atrioventricular valve reoperation.ConclusionsAlthough surgical repair is successful in the majority of the cases, patients with partial and transitional atrioventricular septal defect undergoing surgical repair during infancy experience significant morbidity and mortality. The reoperation rate is high with unfavourable left atrioventricular valve anatomy.