bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Relate Two Specific Concepts: Sexual Health and Sexual Minority?
Authors: Jurysta F. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionWHO defines Sexual Health as “a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality… and requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence”.OCD-10 defines Transsexualism as “the desire to live and be accepted as a member of the opposite sex, usually accompanied by the wish to make his or her body as congruent as possible with the preferred sex through surgery and hormone treatment. The transsexual identity has been present persistently for at least two years. The disorder is not a symptom of another mental disorder or a chromosomal abnormality”.ObjectiveWe developed an integrative model in 4 axes to approach Sexual Health concept and Transsexualism.AimsHolistic and integrative model of transsexualism gives a better understanding of this disorder and ameliorates global treatment. Moreover, this model should be applied to each sexual minority.Results1. Etiology integrates psychological, biological and neuro-developmental aspects. 2. Clinical features for treatment imply large and multidisciplinary approach. 3. Scientific literature includes more than thousand papers on Transsexualism and numerous expertises as endocrinology, psychiatry, cardiology, sleep… 4. Social networks are developed in hospitals, associations… as well as between patients themselves.ConclusionsHolistic and integrative approach of Sexual Minority as Transsexualism could reach Sexual Health concept defined by WHO.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Portuguese Mental Health Law –the Criteria for Compulsory Internment
Authors: Prata-Ribeiro H. 
Published: May 2016

The Portuguese Mental Health Law is complex, aiming to ensure patients liberties and basic civil rights are respected. A specific part of this law regards the compulsory internment and its criteria, being as protective as possible, in order to prevent wrongful internments for people against their will.The aim of this study is to analyze the mechanisms available to ensure liberty, in a law apparently about coercion.The methods used consisted in analyzing the law and interpreting its most important details, mentioning them so they can be read and used as examples.It can be concluded that the Portuguese law has a very strict list of mandatory criteria for the possibility of the compulsory internment, as a way of ensuring no people suffer it wrongfully. The most important being that no person can be interned compulsory if not considered to suffer from a severe mental disease, not being that enough and having to at least present risk for themselves or others, or to juridical goods of high value. Thus, revaluation of the patient is mandatory only five days after the internment by two different doctors, being the same process assured from then on every two months. Only possible flaw lays on the fact that there is no maximum amount of time predicted for internment, being that always dependent of the revaluations made. Although, the law is considered to be good and prevent abusive use of the compulsory internments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Childhood Ocd: The Importance of an Integrated Approach
Authors: Molina López M.F. , Hernández Sánchez J.M. , Cancino Botello M.C. , Peña Serrano A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionOCD is one of the most frequently diagnosed disorders during childhood. A prevalence of 1% is estimated, but according to the literature is an underdiagnosed pathology.AimsTo differentiate pathological rituals from those that children can have as normal behavior during their natural development. To perform a differential diagnosis and a current review of the literature.MethodsDescriptive analysis of a patient's medical record diagnosed of OCD and Tourette syndrome.Case reportEight years old male diagnosed of Tourette syndrome (vocal and motor tics). Obsessive thoughts cancer related, self-examinations with compulsive pattern and anxiety with social and academic interference. Family history of tics in both parents during childhood. Currently, father with order rituals and mother with an Anxiety Disorder in treatment. Treatment with Sertraline 25 mg/day was tested with poor tolerance. Currently, the patient is being treated with Aripiprazole 1 mg/day with an important improvement of his symptoms and quality of life. OCD has comorbidity with affective and anxiety disorders, as well as Tourette syndrome. It's essential to differentiate pathology from certain behaviors considered normal during a child's development. For example, some children can have certain level of meticulousness, insecurity or a lucky object, but these behaviors shouldn’t be confused with OCD symptoms. The treatment of choice is a combination of CBT with pharmacological therapy.ConclusionsAn early diagnosis during childhood together with an appropriate comorbidity detection can reduce the tendency towards chronicity of this disorder leading to a better quality of life in these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psycho-Oncology in Portugal: It is Different from the Rest of the World?
Authors: Da Ponte G. , Lobo M. , Neves T. , Paiva A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPsycho-Oncology (PO) is a specific psychiatric approach to cancer patients. The main psychiatric disorders observed are delirium and adjustment disorders (AD) and the most frequent treatments used are pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic.With regard to the type of cancer, the most frequent in Portugal are breast, digestive and prostate.ObjectiveAnalyze the activity of PO in a district general hospital in Portugal.AimsDemonstrate that the main core in PO is similar in the world.MethodsProspective longitudinal study, during one year.ResultsThe sample had 130 patients (369 evaluations), mainly male, with the mean age of 64.22 years. The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were delirium (56 cases; 43%) and AD (44; 34%) and the main interventions used were pharmacologic and psycho-education. The most common frequent cancers were digestive (54; 42%), urologic (16; 12%) and breast (15; 11%). This high frequency of urologic cancer was interpreted as a consequence of the sample and its geographic location, but it was also a reflection of the large number of requests made by this specialty. The majority of cancers had an advanced stage (84% vs 16%) that can be explained by the sample but also by health culture in Portugal, which is reflected in the inpatient services: Oncology (51; 39%) and Palliative Care (25; 19%).ConclusionsThe type of psychiatric disorders and treatments offered in PO is preserved around the world. The authors propose to do more studies, namely if the relation with others specialties affects psychiatric treatment of the patient.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Caregiving Experience of Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Gonçalves M. , Teixeira Silva J. , Cabral A. , Santos Z. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMultiple Myeloma (MM) is a cancer formed by malignant plasma cells. On a worldwide scale, it is estimated that about 86,000 incident cases occur annually. The aim of this report is to investigate the experience among multiple myeloma caregivers, assessing the mental adjustment to cancer diagnosis and the most prevalent psychopathology in the caregivers. This paper also attempts to establish the influence of the symptoms has in the caregiving experience.MethodsAll eligible caregivers will be approached during a regularly scheduled patient clinic visit and informed consent will be obtained prior to study participation. Data will be collected using the Mental Adjustment Scale to the Cancer Scale Partner (EAMC-F), Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale – Short Form, and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21).ResultsAccording to the literature caring for patients with MM can be different comparing with another form of cancer. It is an incurable form of cancer, although treatments improve life expectancy and quality of life. The authors are expecting to find high rates of depression, anxiety, unmet needs, and burden of care. The symptoms of the patients will probably influence the caregiving experience.ConclusionMM accounts for about 14% of all newly diagnosed hematological cancer, and it is estimated that its incidence will rise. The importance of psychiatric intervention in the multidimensional approach is becoming a recognized reality. This is essential in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, to improve prognosis and quality of life but also to reduce side effects of treatments and symptoms related to cancer.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Portugal's History of Psycho-Oncology
Authors: Fonseca A. , Batista A. , Malheiro F. , Poças A. , Araújo R. 
Published: May 2016

The psycho-oncology represents an interface between psychology and oncology. In Portugal, the creation of Psycho-oncology was due to the collaboration between oncologists with psychiatrists and psychologists. This partnership led to the creation of first Portuguese research works in Psycho-oncology, contributing to the enrichment of this discipline.ObjectiveDescribe the history of psycho-oncology in Portugal. Research articles and theses related to Psycho-oncology in Portugal and do his description statistics.Material and methodsLiterature review of articles and theses on Psycho-oncology made in Portugal, using the following search engines: “Pubmed”, “Medline”, “ScieloPortugal” and scientific repositories of Portuguese universities.ResultsUntil 1997, psycho-oncology did not arouse the interest of researchers; however, since then, the Psycho-oncology has grown exponentially, with regard to the investigation. There was a period of increase in publications between 2005 and 2012 as well as, increase in the number of undergraduate theses, master's and doctorate. Disclosure of publications within the Psycho-oncology lies spread by various magazines in different specialties, demonstrating that this area arouses the interest not only of psychiatrists and psychologists, but also of other health professionals.ConclusionDespite growing research in Psycho-oncology and growing interest among clinicians and researchers, there is still some shortcomings, warning that the psychological support is also scarce in some Portuguese institutions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence of Different Pain Categories Based on Pain Spreading in Older Adults in Sweden: A Multilevel Association With Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Comorbidities and Drug Consumption (Pain S65+)
Authors: Dragioti E. , Larsson B. , Bernfort L. , Levin L.Å. , Gerdle B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionUnderstanding of factors related to chronic pain in elderly is limited.Objectives and aimsTo estimate the prevalence of pain categories based on spreading of pain on the body and to investigate how such spreading is related to demographic variables, pain intensity, comorbidities and medication in an elderly general population in southeastern Sweden.MethodsA total of 6611 adults aged ≥ 65 years participated (mean age = 76.2; SD = 7.4). Pain categories were assessed by a self-reported postal questionnaire covering 45 anatomical predefined pain regions along with demographics, pain intensity during previous seven days, comorbidities and medication. Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used for data analyzing.ResultsThe prevalence of pain spreading categories was: chronic local pain (CLP) 16%; chronic regional pain medium (CRP-Medium) 17%; chronic regional pain heavy (CRP-Heavy) 5% and chronic widespread pain (CWSP) 2%. Overall, increased prevalence for CRP-Heavy and CWSP in subjects 75–79 years old compared to those 65–69, 70–74, 80–84 and ≥ 85 years were revealed. In men, 75–79 years old, CRP-Heavy was more common than in the other pain categories. In women, 75–79 years old CWSP, was more common than in the other pain categories. Pain intensity was strongly associated with all pain categories (P < 0.001). CLP was associated with trauma, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, prescribed and non-prescribed analgesics. CRP-Medium was associated with rheumatoid arthritis, CRP-Heavy with rheumatoid arthritis and lung diseases and CWSP with rheumatoid arthritis and prescribed analgesics (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings elucidate heterogeneity of pain in elderly which has to be further investigated.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychosemantics of Pain in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Pervichko E. , Zinchenko Y. , Pak L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIt is known for a fact that a number of psychological factors may affect heart pain perception in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, psychosemantics of pain in CAD patients was hardly ever explored.ObjectiveTo study the features of pain psychosemantics in CAD patients.MethodsThere were applied McGill Pain Questionnaire (Melzack, 1975); the psychosemantic technique “Classification of sensations” (Tkhostov, Efremova, 1989); the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby, Taylor, Parker, 1994); and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger et al., 1983). Fifty-four CAD patients took part in the study, the mean age was 55.9 ± 7.6 years. CAD duration was 5.8 ± 2.6 years.ResultsCAD patients with the high level of trait anxiety (28%) choose greater variety of descriptors for pain definition, revealing an impaired ability to differentiate between emotional states and physical sensations. They show higher scale values for McGill Pain Questionnaire. Patients with high indices of alexithymia (31%) require significantly fewer words for description of painful and dangerous perceptions within the “Classification of sensations”. This may testify to a certain bafflement in verbal description of the pain. With that, intensity of alexithymia does not correlate significantly with the high level of state and trait anxiety (P > 0.05). The method of “Classification of sensations” revealed that patients with trait anxiety, as well as those with alexithymia, define the pain with significantly more numerous metaphorical and affective descriptors (Pervichko, Zinchenko, 2013).ConclusionsReceived results prove an important role of psychological factors in etiology of chest pain in CAD patients with the high level of trait anxiety and alexithymia, which supports the urgency of psychotherapy for them.References not available.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Labor Pain Management: Effect of Pelvic Tilt by Birth Ball, Sacrum- Perinea Heat Therapy, and Combined Use of them, a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Taavoni S. , Abdolahian S. , Neisani L. , Hamid H. 
Published: May 2016

There are various safe non-pharmacologic methods for labor pain management, which mostly decrees suffering of mother and some of them significantly decrease pain too.AimTo assess effect of pelvic tilt by birth ball, sacrum-perinea heat therapy and combination use of them on active phase of physiologic labor.MethodIn this randomized control trial, 120 primiparous volunteer with age 18-35 years, gestational age of 38–40 weeks, in one of hospitals of Iran university of medical sciences were randomly selected and divided in four groups: Pelvic tilt by using birth ball, sacrum perinea heat therapy, combined use of two mentioned methods and control group. Tools had 3 main parts of personal characteristic, client examination form and pain visual analogue scale (VAS). All ethical points were considered.ResultsEquality of four groups had been checked before intervention. Lowest pain score first belong to pelvic tilt by birth ball then combined group and finally in heat therapy, which all were significantly less than control group. Significant decrease of pain had been seen in birth ball group and combined group during after 30 minutes intervention, but in the heat therapy group, it was seen after 60 minutes intervention (P-value < 0.05).ConclusionAll three interventions of this study had significant effect and decreased labor pain during active phase, but highest decrease was in pelvic tilt by birth ball group and its effect started after 30 minutes intervention. It is suggested that that Obstetrics and Midwives consider these safe methods for labor pain management.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Concept of Time Perspective Within a Psychiatric Context
Authors: Stefanatou P. , Giannouli E. , Antonopoulou Z. , Tsellos P. , Vaslamatzis G. , Typaldou M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAccording to time perspective (TP), theory behaviour is influenced by the individual's perception of his/her past, present and future. Boyd and Zimbardo postulate that a healthy balance between orientation to the past, present and future exists.ObjectivesInvestigation of TP in the context of psychopathology.AimsTo investigate and compare TP in Obsessive Compulsive (OCD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).MethodTwenty-eight OCD and 28 BPD patients (36% of men), matched for age and education, completed the Greek version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI); a 56-item self-administered questionnaire measuring individuals’ orientations to the past, present, and future. ZTPI consists of five factors: Past Negative (PN), Past Positive (PP), Present Hedonistic (PH), Present Fatalistic (PF) and Future (F).ResultsBPD patients scored significantly higher in PH and PF and significantly lower in PP factors than OCD patients. No significant gender differences emerged for either group. In the BPD group, age correlated significantly negatively with PH, while education correlated positively with F.ConclusionThe study's findings suggest that BPD patients have a hedonistic orientation towards time and life and a helpless/hopeless attitude towards the future to a significantly greater degree than OCD patients, whereas OCD patients seem to have a more positive and nostalgic attitude towards the past than BPD patients. Further research would provide additional information concerning the role of TP in OCD and BPD patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Veiling Existence With Clothing
Authors: Molina-Andreu O. , González-Rodríguez A. , Pelegrina Cetrán H. 
Published: May 2016

Our aim is to discuss the notion of freedom in severe depression. We will address it considering several phenomenological conceptions of the matter, from Binswanger's nicht können to more recent Ratcliffe's loss of existential feelings and also by clinging to our own clinical experience, in particular a case of melancholic depression in a 67-year-old woman.Our patient suffered a clear melancholic syndrome, with an intense psychomotor inhibition, she felt uncapable of doing anything, spent hours brooding over menial tasks and thought much about dying, because she sensed the world as being devoid of possibilities and the future closed, experiences she considered “not related to disease” but to her own “incurable moral failure”.In order to discuss the notion of freedom in depression, we will particularly focus on one of her psychopathologic phenomena, the empoverishment delusion-like experience of having run-out of proper clothing, which we consider was based on a inhibited “perception” of reality, an unreflective experience of corporeal “not being able”, a loss of the motivational force of intentionality. However, we will argue that this unreflective, pre-given experience showed striking connections to the patient's sub-depressive personhood, a classical Tellenbach's typus melancholicus.An hermeneutical analysis of her existence will be performed using the anthropologic person-centered dialectic model developed by one of the authors, and building on it, we will introduce the distinction between lived experience (Erlebnis) and factual experience (Erfahrung) which we consider it is essential to enlighten the nature of the loss of freedom that severe depression entails.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Justice In Psychotherapy
Authors: Vyskocilova J. , Prasko J. , Slepecky M. , Hruby R. , Latalova K. , Holubova M. , Marackova M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionJustice is one of the fundamental concepts of right ordering of human relationships. Justice is a regulative idea for the arrangement of society preceding the law and already seen in animals; the sense of justice is observed as early as in young children. The ability to altruistic behavior, sense of fairness, reciprocity and mutual help are probably genetically determined as a disposition, which may further develop or be deformed by education. Although justice issues are common in psychotherapy, they may not be reflected and processed in the course of therapy.MethodReview of psychotherapeutic text and reflection of experiences of the authors.ResultsIn psychotherapy, justice issues appear directly in what the client says (mostly about injustice), but more frequently, the issues are implicitly contained in complaints and stories against a background of conflicts and problems. They may be related to the client's story, his or her problems with other people, and the therapeutic process itself, including client's selection of therapy, therapeutic relationship, and therapeutic change strategies. Problems with justice between the therapist and the client may be revealed by honest therapist self-reflection or high-quality supervision.ConclusionsAlthough justice issues are common in psychotherapy, they may not be reflected and processed in therapy. By increasing receptiveness to the issue of justice, the therapist may improve the therapeutic process.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Mechanistic Property Cluster View of Mental Disorder: A Tenable Form of Non-Reductionist Realism?
Authors: Strijbos D. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe question what mental disorders are lies at the heart of the philosophy of psychiatry. In search of a valid taxonomy of mental disorders, it is a question that needs a proper answer. In recent work, Kenneth Kendler et al. (2011) have put forward the “mechanistic property cluster” (MPC) model of mental disorder. On this view, mental disorders are mechanistically mediated clusters of multi-level (bio-psycho-social) properties. Kendler et al. present the MPC-model as a non-reductionist form of realism – realist because it tries to account for mental disorders in terms of the causal structure of the natural world, non-reductionist because it views mental disorders as clusters of multi-level properties. For the project of psychiatric nosology, such non-reductionist realism would be a great step forward and indeed preferable to pragmatist and constructionist models of mental disorder.ObjectiveTo critically assess the MPC-model in light of arguments against realism about mental disorders presented in the philosophical literature.AimsTo achieve a proper understanding of the ontology of mental disorders that can inform future psychiatric nosology.MethodsLiterature study and conceptual analysis.ResultsDespite appearances, the MPC-view fails to take into account the various (societal, practical, scientific) values that determine the delineation of mental disorders. It ultimately faces philosophical problems similar to those of more reductionist forms of realism.ConclusionsThe MPC-model fails as a realist model of mental disorders. Its non-reductionism, however, is an important contribution to theories of explanation in psychiatry.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.