bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful intelligence and giftedness: an empirical study
Authors: Ferrando Mercedes , Ferrándiz Carmen , Llor Laura , Sainz Marta 
Published: July 2016

<p><span style="font-size: medium;">The aim of our research is to look into the diversity withing gifted and tanlented students. This is important to better undertand their complexity and thus offer a more apropiate educational programs. There are rather few empirical works which attempt to identify high abilities profiles (giftedness and talent) that actually exist beyond the theoretical level. The present work intends to single out the different patterns or profiles resulting from the combination of the successful intelligence abilities (analytical, synthetic and practical), as defined by Stenberg. A total of 431 students from the Region of Murcia participated in this study. These students performed the Aurora Battery tasks (Chart, Grigorenko, &amp; Sternberg, 2008), designed to measure the analytical, practical and creative intelligence. Analytically gifted students (n=27), practically gifted (n=33) and creatively gifted (n= 34) were identifyed, taking as criteria scores equal to or higher than 120 IQ on each intelligence. Different Q-factor analyses were carried out for the three groups of students, in such a way that students were grouped according to their similarities. A total of 10 profiles showing how successful intelligence abilities are combined were obtained, something that has made possible to support the theory put forward by Sternberg (2000): the analytical, practical and creative talent profiles, as well as the resulting combinations, the analytical-practical, analytical-creative, practical-creative profiles, along with the consummate balance talent (high performance in the three types of intelligence).</span></p>
Letterature e lingue sul confine orientale
Authors: Benussi Cristina 
Published: July 2016

The border between Italy and Slovenia changed several times but only in the last century the relations between the two respective cultures were conditioned by political situations. The aim is to analyze the difference between the two literatures in an ethnically mixed territory with reference to their mutual relationship in two periods: after the First World War, in the fascist period, and after the Second World War, when Istria and Dalmatia have been incorporated in Yugoslavia. At the same time, we can find an alteration of the use of the language along the border, but over the last twenty years the two linguistic minorities, Italian in Slovenia and Slovenian in Italy, recognized and protected by European laws, tend to talk to each other rather than in English, as they show the studies of linguistic landscape.
Esempi di eteroglossia nel paesaggio linguistico milanese
Authors: Uberti-Bona Marcella 
Published: July 2016

This article explores tools and findings in the study of the linguistic landscape created by foreign shop owners in two of the most multiethnic districts of Milan, Baggio and Giambellino, that moved from monolingualism to plurilingualism and heteroglossia due to the massive immigration of the last decades. The analysis of some samples of shop signs in Spanish and Arabic, which are two of the most widely represented foreign languages in these districts, is focused mainly on the relationship between languages, identity practices and communication or translation strategies, adding further information about the complex and changing patterns of language contact in a global city. This qualitative, multi- and interdisciplinary approach, and a scale of analysis focused on the multimodal display of the single sign with its units and subunits, is intended as complementary to the gathering of quantitative data, and calls for a reflection about the respective conceptual and methodological scopes of the many disciplines involved in Linguistic Landscape Studies.
Association Between Prenatal Sonographic Findings of Duodenal Obstruction and Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Kim Ji Ye , You Ji Yeon , Chang Kylie Hae-jin , Choi Suk-Joo , Oh Soo-young , Seo Jeong-Meen , Roh Cheong-Rae , Kim Jong-Hwa 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of prenatal sonographic findings with adverse outcomes and the causes of duodenal obstruction.MethodsA total of 59 cases of congenital duodenal obstruction were included in this study. The sonographic findings, including the degree of duodenal dilatation, polyhydramnios, and their change over gestation, were investigated. Adverse outcomes were defined as fetal death in utero, postnatal death, and gastrointestinal complications requiring readmission or reoperation during the follow‐up period. The cause of duodenal obstruction was also assessed.ResultsAmong the patients studied, 2 (3.4%) had fetal death in utero and 2 (3.5%) had postnatal death. Gastrointestinal complications requiring readmission or reoperation occurred in 10.9%. In the cases with or without adverse outcomes, no significant differences were observed in the prenatal sonographic findings: maximum duodenal dilatation, mean amniotic fluid index, and the changes in these parameters with advancing gestation. The cases with adverse outcomes were associated with a younger gestational age at delivery compared to the cases without adverse outcomes. Notably, the degree of duodenal dilatation and amniotic fluid volume were greater in duodenal atresia than in other causes of obstruction, including duodenal stenosis, a duodenal web, and an annular pancreas. In the study population, the overall postoperative survival rate was 98.2%.ConclusionsPrenatal sonographic findings of duodenal obstruction were not associated with adverse outcomes; however, they may be helpful for differentiating the cause of duodenal obstruction.
Acquisition and Long‐term Retention of Bedside Ultrasound Skills in First‐Year Medical Students
Authors: Steinmetz Peter , Oleskevich Sharon , Lewis John 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess bedside ultrasound skill acquisition and retention in medical students after completion of the first year of a new undergraduate bedside ultrasound curriculum at McGill University.MethodsSkill acquisition was assessed in first‐year medical students (n = 195) on completion of their bedside ultrasound instruction. Instruction included 6 clinically based 60‐minute practical teaching sessions evenly spaced throughout the academic year. Students' ability to meet course objectives was measured according to a 4‐point Likert rating scale. Evaluations were performed by both instructors and the students themselves. Retention of skill acquisition was evaluated 8 months later on a year‐end practical examination.ResultsThe mean percentage ± SD of students assigned a rating of “strongly agree” or “agree” by instructors was 98% ± 0.4% for all 6 teaching sessions (strongly agree, 52% ± 3%; agree, 46% ± 3%). According to student self‐evaluations, the mean percentage of students assigned a rating of strongly agree was significantly greater than the percentage assigned by instructors for all teaching sessions (86% ± 2% versus 52% ± 3%; P < .0005). Evaluation of skill retention on the year‐end examination showed that 91% ± 2% of students were assigned a rating of strongly agree or agree for their ability to demonstrate skills learned 8 months previously. Ninety‐five percent of students reported that bedside ultrasound improved their understanding of anatomy for all 6 teaching sessions (mean, 95% ± 0.01%).ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that first‐year medical students show acquisition and long‐term retention of basic ultrasound skills on completion of newly implemented bedside ultrasound instruction.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks (HOFs): A New Class of Porous Crystalline Proton‐Conducting Materials
Authors: Karmakar Avishek , Illathvalappil Rajith , Anothumakkool Bihag , Sen Arunabha , Samanta Partha , Desai Aamod V. , Kurungot Sreekumar , Ghosh Sujit K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTwo porous hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) based on arene sulfonates and guanidinium ions are reported. As a result of the presence of ionic backbones appended with protonic source, the compounds exhibit ultra‐high proton conduction values (σ) 0.75× 10−2 S cm−1 and 1.8×10−2 S cm−1 under humidified conditions. Also, they have very low activation energy values and the highest proton conductivity at ambient conditions (low humidity and at moderate temperature) among porous crystalline materials, such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). These values are not only comparable to the conventionally used proton exchange membranes, such as Nafion used in fuel cell technologies, but is also the highest value reported in organic‐based porous architectures. Notably, this report inaugurates the usage of crystalline hydrogen‐bonded porous organic frameworks as solid‐state proton conducting materials.
Hierarchische Selbstassemblierung dreidimensional gedruckter Schlüssel/Schloss‐Kolloide durch Formerkennung
Authors: Tigges Thomas , Walther Andreas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFortschritte auf dem Gebiet der kolloidalen Selbstassemblierung hängen stark von der Entwicklung neuer Verfahren zur Herstellung anisotroper Partikel mit räumlich definierten Interaktionsmustern ab, um die Bildung definierter Überstrukturen zu ermöglichen. Hier beschreiben wir erstmalig die Verwendung von direktem 3D‐Laserschreiben zur Herstellung einheitlicher Populationen von anisotropen, kegelförmigen Mikropartikeln, die zur Selbstassemblierung über Schlüssel/Schloss‐Formerkennung in der Lage sind. Triebkraft dieser Assemblierung sind Depletions‐Wechselwirkungen, welche die kolloidalen Partikel zu linearen, suprakolloidalen Polymeren wachsen lassen. Die resultierenden suprakolloidalen Fibrillen zeigen eine hierarchische Ordnung und bilden nematische, flüssigkristalline Domänen. Ein derartiges Verhalten konnte in Abwesenheit externer Felder bisher nicht beobachtet werden. Die Studie eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten, um mithilfe von direktem Laserschreiben maßgeschneiderte Kolloide herzustellen und ihre Selbstassemblierung zu verstehen.
Synthetic Approaches to Trifluoromethoxy‐Substituted Compounds
Authors: Tlili Anis , Toulgoat Fabien , Billard Thierry 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBecause of the unique properties of the trifluoromethoxy group, molecules bearing this moiety will find applications in various fields, particularly in the life sciences. However, despite the great interest in this functional group, only a small number of trifluoromethoxylated molecules are currently synthetically accessible. Over the last few years, several innovative and promising strategies for the synthesis of trifluoromethoxylated compounds have been described. This Minireview discusses these existing methods with a particular focus on more recent advances.
Real‐Time Cellular Imaging of Protein Poly(ADP‐ribos)ylation
Authors: Buntz Annette , Wallrodt Sarah , Gwosch Eva , Schmalz Michael , Beneke Sascha , Ferrando‐May Elisa , Marx Andreas , Zumbusch Andreas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPoly(ADP‐ribos)ylation (PARylation) is an important posttranslational protein modification, and is involved in major cellular processes such as gene regulation and DNA repair. Its dysregulation has been linked to several diseases, including cancer. Despite its importance, methods to observe PARylation dynamics within cells are rare. By following a chemical biology approach, we developed a fluorescent NAD+ analogue that proved to be a competitive building block for protein PARylation in vitro and in cells. This allowed us to directly monitor the turnover of PAR in living cells at DNA damage sites after near‐infrared (NIR) microirradiation. Additionally, covalent and noncovalent interactions of selected target proteins with PAR chains were visualized in cells by using FLIM‐FRET microscopy. Our results open up new opportunities for the study of protein PARylation in real time and in live cells, and will thus contribute to a better understanding of its significance in a cellular context.
Protein Patterns and Oscillations on Lipid Monolayers and in Microdroplets
Authors: Zieske Katja , Chwastek Grzegorz , Schwille Petra 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Min proteins from E.coli position the bacterial cell‐division machinery through pole‐to‐pole oscillations. In vitro, Min protein self‐organization can be reconstituted in the presence of a lipid membrane as a catalytic surface. However, Min dynamics have so far not been reconstituted in fully membrane‐enclosed volumes. Microdroplets interfaced by lipid monolayers were employed as a simple 3D mimic of cellular compartments to reconstitute Min protein oscillations. We demonstrate that lipid monolayers are sufficient to fulfil the catalytic role of the membrane and thus represent a facile platform to investigate Min protein regulated dynamics of the cell‐division protein FtsZ‐mts. In particular, we show that droplet containers reveal distinct Min oscillation modes, and reveal a dependence of FtsZ‐mts structures on compartment size. Finally, co‐reconstitution of Min proteins and FtsZ‐mts in droplets yields antagonistic localization, thus demonstrating that droplets indeed support the analysis of complex bacterial self‐organization in confined volumes.
Synthesis, characterization and thermoluminescence studies of (ZnS)1‐x(MnTe)x nanophosphors
Authors: Pateria Deepti , Baghel R. N. , Bisen D. P. , Jha Piyush , Chandra V. K. , Chandra B. P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe present paper reports the thermoluminescence (TL) of (ZnS)1‐x(MnTe)x nanophosphors that were prepared by a wet chemical synthesis method. The structure investigated by X‐ray diffraction patterns confirms the formation of a sphalerite phase whose space group was found to be F
3m. From XRD, TEM and SEM analyses the average sizes of the particles were found to be 12 nm, 11 nm and 15 nm, respectively. Initially the TL intensity increased with increasing values of x because the number of luminescence centres increased; however, for higher values of x the TL intensity decreased because of the concentration quenching. Thus the TL, mechanoluminescence and photoluminescence intensities are optimum for a particular value of x, that is for x = 0.05. Thermoluminescence of the (ZnS)1‐x (MnTe)x nanophosphor has not been reported previously. There were two peaks seen in the thermoluminescence glow curves in which the first peak lay at 105–100 °C and the second peak lay at 183.5–178.5 °C. The activation energies for the first and second peaks were found to be 0.45 eV and 0.75 eV, respectively.
Diagnostic accuracy of surgeons and trainees in assessment of patients with acute abdominal pain
Authors:   Acute Abdominal Pain (AAP) Study group, Kiewiet J J S , Gans S L , Luitse J S K , van Westreenen H L , Lamme B , Welling L , Mirck B , Gouma D J , Roos D , Lagarde S M , ter Riele W W , Vrouenraets B C , Donkervoort S C , Boermeester M A 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background
Diagnostic accuracy in the assessment of patients with acute abdominal pain in the emergency ward is not adequate. It has been argued that this is because the investigations are carried out predominantly by a trainee. Resource utilization could be lowered if surgeons had a higher initial diagnostic accuracy.

Methods
Patients with acute abdominal pain were included in a prospective cohort study. A surgical trainee and a surgeon made independent assessments in the emergency department, recording the clinical diagnosis and proposed diagnostic investigations. A reference standard diagnosis was established by an expert panel, and the proportion of correct diagnoses was calculated. Diagnostic accuracy was expressed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Interobserver agreement for the diagnosis and elements of history-taking and physical examination were expressed by means of Cohen's κ. Certainty of diagnosis was recorded using a visual analogue scale.

Results
A trainee and a surgeon independently assessed 126 patients. Trainees made a correct diagnosis in 44·4 per cent of patients and surgeons in 42·9 per cent (P = 0·839). Surgeons, however, recorded a higher level of diagnostic certainty. Diagnostic accuracy was comparable in distinguishing urgent from non-urgent diagnoses, and for the most common diseases. Interobserver agreement for the clinical diagnosis varied from fair to moderate (κ = 0·28–0·57).

Conclusion
The diagnostic accuracy of the initial clinical assessment is not improved when a surgeon rather than a surgical trainee assesses a patient with abdominal pain in the emergency department.
Validation of data quality in the Swedish National Register for Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer
Authors: Linder G , Lindblad M , Djerf P , Elbe P , Johansson J , Lundell L , Hedberg J 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background
The Swedish National Register for Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer (NREV) was launched in 2006. Data are reported at diagnosis (diagnostic survey), at the time of surgery (surgical survey) and at first outpatient follow-up (follow-up survey). The aim of this study was to evaluate data originating from NREV in terms of comparability, completeness, accuracy and timeliness.

Methods
Coding routines were compared with international standards and completeness was evaluated by means of a 5-year (2009–2013) comparison with mandatory national registers. Validity was tested by comparison with reabstracted data from source medical records in 400 patients chosen randomly with stratification for hospital size and catchment area population. Timeliness of registration was described.

Results
Coding routines followed national and international guidelines. Compared with the Swedish Cancer Registry from 2009 to 2013, 6069 (95·5 per cent) of 6354 patients were registered in NREV at the time of data extraction. Of 60 variables investigated, 10 966 of 12 035 original entries were correct in the reabstraction, resulting in an exact agreement of 91·1 per cent in the register. There were 782 (6·5 per cent) incorrect and 287 (2·4 per cent) missing entries. Median time to registration was 3·9, 3·4 and 4·1 months for diagnostic, surgical and follow-up surveys respectively.

Conclusion
NREV has reached a position with good coverage of those with the relevant diagnoses, and contains comparable and valid data. Quality data on each variable are available. Timeliness is an area with potential for improvement.
Alcohol and substance abuse, depression and suicide attempts after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Backman O , Stockeld D , Rasmussen F , Näslund E , Marsk R 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background
Small studies suggest that subjects who have undergone bariatric surgery are at increased risk of suicide, alcohol and substance use disorders. This population-based cohort study aimed to assess the incidence of treatment for alcohol and substance use disorders, depression and attempted suicide after primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Methods
All patients who underwent primary RYGB in Sweden between 2001 and 2010 were included. Incidence of hospital admission for alcohol and substance use disorders, depression and suicide attempt was measured, along with the number of drugs prescribed. This cohort was compared with a large age-matched, non-obese reference cohort based on the Swedish population. Inpatient care and prescribed drugs registers were used.

Results
Before RYGB surgery, women, but not men, were at higher risk of being diagnosed with alcohol and substance use disorder compared with the reference cohort. After surgery, this was the case for both sexes. The risk of being diagnosed and treated for depression remained raised after surgery. Suicide attempts were significantly increased after RYGB. The adjusted hazard ratio for attempted suicide in the RYGB cohort after surgery compared with the general non-obese population was 2·85 (95 per cent c.i. 2·40 to 3·39).

Conclusion
Patients who have undergone RYGB are at an increased risk of being diagnosed with alcohol and substance use, with an increased rate of attempted suicide compared with a non-obese general population cohort.
Striatal morphology correlates with frontostriatal electrophysiological motor processing in Huntington's disease: an IMAGE‐HD study
Authors: Turner Lauren M. , Jakabek David , Wilkes Fiona A. , Croft Rodney J. , Churchyard Andrew , Walterfang Mark , Velakoulis Dennis , Looi Jeffrey C. L. , Georgiou‐Karistianis Nellie , Apthorp Deborah 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundHuntington's disease (HD) causes progressive atrophy to the striatum, a critical node in frontostriatal circuitry. Maintenance of motor function is dependent on functional connectivity of these premotor, motor, and dorsolateral frontostriatal circuits, and structural integrity of the striatum itself. We aimed to investigate whether size and shape of the striatum as a measure of frontostriatal circuit structural integrity was correlated with functional frontostriatal electrophysiological neural premotor processing (contingent negative variation, CNV), to better understand motoric structure–function relationships in early HD.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and electrophysiological (EEG) measures of premotor processing were obtained from a combined HD group (12 presymptomatic, 7 symptomatic). Manual segmentation of caudate and putamen was conducted with subsequent shape analysis. Separate correlational analyses (volume and shape) included covariates of age, gender, intracranial volume, and time between EEG and MRI.ResultsRight caudate volume correlated with early CNV latency over frontocentral regions and late CNV frontally, whereas right caudate shape correlated with early CNV latency centrally. Left caudate volume correlated with early CNV latency over centroparietal regions and late CNV frontally. Right and left putamen volumes correlated with early CNV latency frontally, and right and left putamen shape/volume correlated with parietal CNV slope.ConclusionsTiming (latency) and pattern (slope) of frontostriatal circuit‐mediated premotor functional activation across scalp regions were correlated with abnormalities in structural integrity of the key frontostriatal circuit component, the striatum (size and shape). This was accompanied by normal reaction times, suggesting it may be undetected in regular tasks due to preserved motor “performance.” Such differences in functional activation may reflect atrophy‐based frontostriatal circuitry despecialization and/or compensatory recruitment of additional brain regions.
Selective Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene over 2Ru/La2O3‐ZnO Catalyst without Additional Modifiers
Authors: Spod Hendrik , Lucas Martin , Claus Peter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSelective benzene (BEN) hydrogenation to cyclohexene (CHE) has been studied in a complex four‐phase system by using 2Ru/La2O3‐ZnO as the catalyst. The catalyst is highly efficient (yield of desired cyclohexene=28 %) and stable for about five cycles. Characterizations reveal formation of La(OH)3 on the catalyst surface and formation of Zn(OH)3− during the reaction, which play a key role in the formation of CHE. For the first time, the reaction mixture can be observed in situ, showing the emulsion of this complicated four‐phase system. The droplet size of the organic compound and the rate of hydrogenation are correlated with different stirring rates excluding mass transfer limitations.