bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moraxella lacunata Bacteremia and Sepsis Associated With Ecthyma Gangrenosum
Authors: Walker Durane K. , Altamimi Sarah , Henneberry Jean 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We report a case of Moraxella lacunata bacteremia and sepsis associated with ecthyma gangrenosum in a patient with a hematologic malignancy and successful treatment with antimicrobial therapy. Ecthyma gangrenosum, although classically associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can occur with any bacterial, viral, or fungal infection. In this case report, we review the literature on Moraxella lacunata infections and conclude that it should be considered as a viable contender as a cause of ecthyma gangrenosum in any immunocompromised patient who presents with skin lesions and gram-negative rod bacteremia.
Efficacy of prophylactic antiviral therapy and outcomes in HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc-positive patients receiving chemotherapy: a real-life experience
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Deutsch Melanie , Manolakopoulos Spilios , Bitsi Chrysoula , Michalakeas Helias , Poulakidas Helias , Tsironi Eftychia , Giannouli Stavroula , Papatheodoridis George V. , Koskinas John , Pectasides Dimitrios 
Published: September 2016

Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative, anti-HBc-positive patients who received immunosuppressive therapies.

Patients and methods
We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc-positive patients with hematological diseases or solid tumors who underwent immunosuppressive therapies and were referred because of positive baseline hepatitis B virus (HBV) serology or HBV reactivation. The referral date was according to the judgment of the treating physician at the time of identification of any signs of HBV infection.

Results
We included 55 HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc-positive patients. Of these, 31 received antiviral prophylaxis (group 1), whereas 24 patients did not receive any anti-HBV agent (group 2). The majority of patients [49/55 (89%)] had hematological malignancies and most of them 39/55 (71%) received rituximab-containing regimens. Lamivudine was used as antiviral prophylaxis in 13/31 (42%) patients of group 1. One patient in this group experienced HBV reactivation and was treated successfully with tenofovir add-on therapy. All patients in the second group experienced HBV reactivation and most of them [19/24 (79%)] were treated with tenofovir or entecavir as rescue therapy. Two of these patients (one of the tenofovir/entecavir subgroup and one of the lamivudine subgroup) eventually died because of hepatic failure despite rescue treatment.

Conclusion
Patients with serological markers of previous HBV infection are still at risk for HBV reactivation. Screening of both anti-HBs and anti-HBc is mandatory before chemotherapy. Pre-emptive antiviral prophylaxis, including lamivudine, is highly effective in all subgroups of such patients, whereas deferring treatment upon HBV reactivation is not enough to rescue all cases.
Methylation Status of the Serotonin Transporter Promoter CpG Island Is Associated With Major Depressive Disorder in Chinese Han Population
Authors: Shi Mei , Sun Hongli , Xu Ye , Wang Zhenhua , Cui Hongyu , Wang Chengmin , Liu Wei , An Ganghui , Hu Jian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study was aimed to investigate the relationship between the methylation status of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in Chinese Han population. A total of 96 patients with MDD and 55 healthy volunteers were recruited, and the methylation index (MtI) at six positions in the cytosine-phosphate-guanosine island of5-HTTgene was measured for each subject using bisulfite pyrosequencing. MtIs at positions 5 and 6 were higher in patients with MDD than those in controls. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, MtIs at positions 4 and 5 were significantly associated with MDD. Besides, depression education was an independent risk factor, whereas higher educational levels were protective factors for MDD. In addition, positions 1 and 4 were negatively correlated with weight and diurnal variation. Therefore,5-HTTmethylation might be closely related with MDD in Chinese Han population because of the correlation with diurnal variation and weight.
Academic Difficulty and Vision Symptoms in Children with Concussion
Authors: Swanson Mark W. , Weise Katherine K. , Dreer Laura E. , Johnston James , Davis Richard D. , Ferguson Drew , Hale Matthew Heath , Gould Sara J. , Christy Jennifer B. , Busettini Claudio , Lee Sarah D. , Swanson Erin 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Academic difficulty is reported in children with prolonged post-concussive symptoms. Despite growing evidence that vestibular-ocular and vision-specific dysfunction are common in children after concussion, vision is rarely mentioned in return-to-learn protocols. The purpose of this project was to evaluate a cohort of children with prolonged post-concussive symptoms to determine if vision symptoms are associated with those reporting academic difficulty.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Children’s of Alabama Concussion Clinic REDCap dataset from the period January 2007 to October 2013. From this dataset of 1033 concussion events, a cohort of 276 children aged 5 to 18 years with three or more concussion-related symptoms present for 10 days or more was identified. A cross-sectional cohort study was undertaken to evaluate the association of concussion symptoms, SCAT2 scores, and demographic and concussion severity markers to reported educational difficulty among children with prolonged post-concussive symptoms. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression techniques were used to model the association of reported educational difficulty to self-reported vision abnormalities.

Results
Mean age was 13.8 years. Median time since the concussive event was 21 days, with 33% (95/276) reporting their concussion more than 30 days before data collection. Academic difficulty was reported by 29% (79/270) and vision abnormalities in 46% (128/274). After model reduction, vision symptoms (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.02, 4.62), hearing disturbance (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.06, 5.36), and concentration difficulty (OR 21.62, 95% CI 9.50, 44.47) remained associated with academic difficulty. For those with symptoms 30 days or more after concussion, only vision (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.06, 9.38) and concentration difficulty (OR 15.33, 95% CI 4.99, 47.05) remained statistically significant.

Conclusions
Vision problems were commonly reported in children with concussions and were independently associated with those reporting academic difficulty. Comprehensive vision assessment should be considered in children reporting academic difficulty and in the development of return-to-learn protocols.
Methods to Develop the Eye-tem Bank to Measure Ophthalmic Quality of Life
Authors: Khadka Jyoti , Fenwick Eva , Lamoureux Ecosse , Pesudovs Konrad 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
There is an increasing demand for high-standard, comprehensive, and reliable patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments in all the disciplines of health care including in ophthalmology and optometry. Over the past two decades, a plethora of PRO instruments have been developed to assess the impact of eye diseases and their treatments. Despite this large number of instruments, significant shortcomings exist for the measurement of ophthalmic quality of life (QoL). Most PRO instruments are short-form instruments designed for clinical use, but this limits their content coverage often poorly targeting any study population other than that which they were developed for. Also, existing instruments are static paper and pencil based and unable to be updated easily leading to outdated and irrelevant item content. Scores obtained from different PRO instruments may not be directly comparable. These shortcomings can be addressed using item banking implemented with computer-adaptive testing (CAT). Therefore, we designed a multicenter project (The Eye-tem Bank project) to develop and validate such PROs to enable comprehensive measurement of ophthalmic QoL in eye diseases.

Methods
Development of the Eye-tem Bank follows four phases: Phase I, Content Development; Phase II, Pilot Testing and Item Calibration; Phase III, Validation; and Phase IV, Evaluation.

Conclusions/Discussion
This project will deliver technologically advanced comprehensive QoL PROs in the form of item banking implemented via a CAT system in eye diseases. Here, we present a detailed methodological framework of this project.
The Utility of Bedside Lung Ultrasound Findings in Bronchiolitis
Authors: Cohen Joanna S. , Hughes Naomi , Tat Sonny , Chamberlain James M. , Teach Stephen J. , Boniface Keith 
Published: September 2016

Objectives
Recent literature suggests that bedside lung ultrasound may have a role in the evaluation of infants with bronchiolitis. B lines, which are multiple and diffuse vertical artifacts spreading from the lung pleural interface to the edge of the ultrasound screen, have been associated with thickened interlobular septa, extravascular lung water, and diffuse parenchymal disease. The aims of this study were (1) to describe the prevalence of B lines in children younger than 24 months presenting to the emergency department with wheezing, (2) to determine the interrater reliability of lung ultrasound findings in this setting, and (3) to determine the association of B lines with atopy and other clinical findings.

Methods
This was a pilot, prospective, observational study of a convenience sample of patients younger than 2 years presenting with wheezing to a large academic pediatric hospital emergency department. Investigators performed lung ultrasound examinations, and a second provider reviewed the ultrasound examinations to determine interrater reliability. We performed univariate analyses to test for associations between ultrasound findings and atopy, acute illness severity, age, and treatment response.

Results
Studies were obtained on 29 patients (mean [SD] age, 291 [187] days; 62% male). Twenty-one patients (72%) had compact B lines. B lines were significantly associated with older age and an absence of atopic features. There was poor correlation of lung ultrasound examination interpretation among enrolling providers.

Conclusions
In this small sample of patients with bronchiolitis, B lines were associated with older age and an absence of atopic features. Lung ultrasound interpretation had poor interrater reliability.
Predictive Factors for Clinical Severity and Cardiopulmonary Arrest in Pediatric Electrical Injuries in Southeastern Turkey
Authors: Çağlar Aykut , Ayvaz Adnan , Güzeçiçek Ahmet , Yildirim Ali , Karaarslan Utku , Babayiğit Aslan , Duman Murat 
Published: September 2016

Objective
An electrical injury (EI) is an emergency that causes high morbidity and mortality each year. The aim of this study was to define the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory factors that might predict severe patients and cardiac arrest in pediatric EI cases.

Methods
All of the patients' medical files were reviewed retrospectively through a 2-year period for the demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings. The patients were classified into the severe injury group or the mild injury group. The SPSS (Chicago, Ill) software was used to analyze the data.

Results
Among the 38 patients, 18 patients (47.4%) were in the mild group, and 20 patients (52.6%) were in the severe group. Low-voltage injuries were observed in 35 (92.1%) of the patients. Most of the severe patients were injured with low voltage (75%) and in household settings (85%). Plug and sockets were the most observed source of the injuries in all of the patients, whereas water-related injuries were most prevalent in the severe group. The source of injury was different in the mild and severe groups (P = 0.009). In the severe group, 13 patients (34.2%) were resuscitated after cardiopulmonary arrest. In the multivariate analysis of the demographic data, the most predictive parameters for cardiac arrest and the clinical severity in EIs are the factors of electrical cables and water.

Conclusions
Electrical injuries are a significant concern in the pediatric population. Our results showed that low voltage and household electricity could cause morbidity and mortality.
Two-Thumb Encircling Technique Over the Head of Patients in the Setting of Lone Rescuer Infant CPR Occurred During Ambulance Transfer
Authors: Jo Choong Hyun , Cho Gyu Chong , Lee Chang Hee 
Published: September 2016

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine if the over-the-head 2-thumb encircling technique (OTTT) provides better overall quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation compared with conventional 2-finger technique (TFT) for a lone rescuer in the setting of infant cardiac arrest in ambulance.

Methods
Fifty medical emergency service students were voluntarily recruited to perform lone rescuer infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 2 minutes on a manikin simulating a 3-month-old baby in an ambulance. Participants who performed OTTT sat over the head of manikins to compress the chest using a 2-thumb encircling technique and provide bag-valve mask ventilations, whereas those who performed TFT sat at the side of the manikins to compress using 2-fingers and provide pocket-mask ventilations.

Results
Mean hands-off time was not significantly different between OTTT and TFT (7.6 ± 1.1 seconds vs 7.9 ± 1.3 seconds, P = 0.885). Over-the-head 2-thumb encircling technique resulted in greater depth of compression (42.6 ± 1.4 mm vs 41.0 ± 1.4 mm, P < 0.001) and faster rate of compressions (114.4 ± 8.0 per minute vs 112.2 ± 8.2 per minute, P = 0.019) than TFT. Over-the-head 2-thumb encircling technique resulted in a smaller fatigue score than TFT (1.7 ± 1.5 vs 2.5 ± 1.6, P < 0.001). In addition, subjects reported that compression, ventilation, and changing compression to ventilation were easier in OTTT than in TFT.

Conclusions
The use of OTTT may be a suitable alternative to TFT in the setting of cardiac arrest of infants during ambulance transfer.
Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia as the Etiology of Emergency Medical Services-Reported Traumatic Arrest
Authors: Bailey James , Berkeley Ross P. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A 13-year-old girl had a witnessed loss of consciousness after a scuffle with another student at school and was found in ventricular fibrillation at the time of arrival of emergency medical services personnel. The patient was successfully defibrillated in the field and was transported to the emergency department as a presumed “traumatic arrest”. The patient's initial electrocardiogram was remarkable for a prolonged QT interval, and it was discovered that multiple family members had died of cardiac events as young adults. Genetic testing subsequently revealed a mutation in the RYR2 gene, which is implicated in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.
Neuroprotective strategies for NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity in Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Girling KD , Wang YT 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDHuntington’s Disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease causing severe neurodegeneration of the striatum as well as marked cognitive and motor disabilities. Excitotoxicity, caused by overstimulation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) has been shown to have a key role in the neuropathogenesis of HD, suggesting that targeting NMDAR-dependent signaling may be an effective clinical approach for HD. However, broad NMDAR antagonists are generally poor therapeutics in clinical practice. It has been suggested that GluN2A-containing, synaptically located NMDARs activate cell survival signaling pathways, while GluN2B-containing, primarily extrasynaptic NMDARs trigger cell death signaling. A better approach to development of effective therapeutics for HD may be to target, specifically, the cell-death specific pathways associated with extrasynaptic GluN2B NMDAR activation, while maintaining or potentiating the cell-survival activity of GluN2A-NMDARs.OBJECTIVEThis review outlines the role of NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity in HD and overviews current efforts to develop better therapeutics for HD where NMDAR excitotoxicity is the target.METHODSA systematic review process was conducted using the PubMed search engine focusing on research conducted in the past 5-10 years. 250 articles were consulted for the review, with key search terms including “Huntington’s Disease”, “excitotoxicity”, “NMDAR” and “therapeutics”.RESULTSA wide range of NMDAR excitotoxicity-based targets for HD were identified and reviewed, including targeting NMDARs directly by blocking GluN2B, extrasynaptic NMDARs and/or potentiating GluN2A, synaptic NMDARs, targeting glutamate release or uptake, or targeting specific downstream cell-death signaling of NMDARs.CONCLUSIONThe current review identifies NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity as a key player in HD pathogenesis and points to various excitotoxicity-focused targets as potential future preventative therapeutics for HD.
A structural variant in the 5’-flanking region of the TWIST2 gene affects melanocyte development in belted cattle
Authors: Awasthi Mishra Nivedita , Drögemüller Cord , Jagannathan Vidhya , Bruggmann Rémy , Beck Julia , Schütz Ekkehard , Brenig Bertram , Demmel Steffi , Moser Simon , Signer-Hasler Heidi , Pieńkowska-Schelling Aldona , Schelling Claude , Rongen Ronald , Rieder Stefan , Kelsh Robert N. , Mercader Nadia , Leeb Tosso 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBelted cattle have a circular belt of unpigmented hair and skin around their midsection. The belt is inherited as a monogenic autosomal dominant trait. We mapped the causative variant to a 54 kb segment on bovine chromosome 3. Whole genome sequence data of 2 belted and 130 control cattle yielded only one private genetic variant in the critical interval in the two belted animals. The belt-associated variant was a copy number variant (CNV) involving the quadruplication of a 6 kb non-coding sequence located approximately 16 kb upstream of theTWIST2gene. Increased copy numbers at this CNV were strongly associated with the belt phenotype in a cohort of 239 cases and 1303 controls (p = 1.3 x 10-278). We hypothesized that the CNV causes aberrant expression ofTWIST2during neural crest development, which might negatively affect melanoblasts. Functional studies showed that ectopic expression of bovineTWIST2in neural crest in transgenic zebrafish led to a decrease in melanocyte numbers. Our results thus implicate an unsuspected involvement of TWIST2 in regulating pigmentation and reveal a non-coding CNV underlying a captivating Mendelian character.Author SummaryBelted cattle, a spontaneous coat color mutant, have been recognized at least 600 years ago. The striking pigmentation pattern probably has arisen in medieval cattle of the Alpine region. The belt still segregates in Brown Swiss cattle and it has become a breed-defining character in the Lakenvelder or Dutch Belted cattle. The belted allele has also been introgressed into Galloways to form the Belted Galloways. We report here the causative genetic variant, a non-coding copy number variant (CNV) upstream of theTWIST2gene. We hypothesize that the CNV leads to ectopic expression of TWIST2 in the neural crest, which negatively affects melanocyte development. Overexpression of bovine TWIST2 in transgenic zebrafish embryos led to a decrease in melanocyte numbers, which provides functional support for our hypothesis.
NODDI-DTI: extracting neurite orientation and dispersion parameters from a diffusion tensor
Authors: Edwards Luke J. , Pine Kerrin J. , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Mohammadi Siawoosh 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNODDI-DTI is a simplification of the NODDI model that, when its underlying assumptions are met, allows extraction of biophysical parameters from standard single-shell DTI data, permitting biophysical analysis of DTI datasets.In contrast to the NODDI signal model, the NODDI-DTI signal model contains no CSF compartment, restricting its application to voxels with very low CSF partial-volume contamination. This simplification allowed derivation of simple analytical relations between parameters representing axon density,vand dispersion,τ, and DTI invariants (MD and FA) through moment expansion of the NODDI-DTI signal model. These relations formally allow extraction of biophysical parameters from DTI data. It should be emphasised that the NODDI-DTI model inherits the strong assumptions of the NODDI model, and so is nominally restricted to analysis of healthy brains.NODDI-DTI parameter estimates were computed by applying the proposed analytical relations to DTI parameters extracted from the first shell of data, and compared to parameters extracted by fitting the NODDI-DTI model to (i) both shells (recommended) and (ii) the first shell (as for DTI) of data in the white matter of three different in vivo diffusion datasets. NODDI-DTI parameters estimated from DTI and NODDI-DTI parameters estimated by fitting the model to the first shell of data gave similar errors compared to two-shell NODDI-DTI estimates. The NODDI-DTI method gave unphysical parameter estimates in a small percentage of voxels, reflecting voxelwise DTI estimation error or NODDI-DTI model invalidity. In the course of evaluating the NODDI-DTI model it was found that diffusional kurtosis strongly biased DTI-based MD values, and so a novel heuristic correction requiring only DTI data was derived and used to account for this bias.Our results demonstrate that NODDI-DTI is a promising model and technique to interpret restricted datasets acquired for DTI analysis with greater biophysical specificity, though its limitations must be borne in mind.
Detecting large-scale networks in the human brain using high-density electroencephalography
Authors: Liu Quanying , Farahibozorg Seyedehrezvan , Porcaro Camillo , Wenderoth Nicole , Mantini Dante 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHigh-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) is an emerging brain imaging technique that can permit investigating fast dynamics of cortical electrical activity in the healthy and the diseased human brain. Its applications are however currently limited by a number of methodological issues, among which the difficulty in obtaining accurate source localizations. In particular, these issues have so far prevented EEG studies from showing brain networks similar to those previously detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Here, we report for the first time a robust detection of brain networks from resting state (256-channel) hdEEG recordings. Specifically, we obtained 14 networks previously described in fMRI studies by means of realistic 12-layer head models and eLORETA source localization, together with ICA for functional connectivity analysis. Our analyses revealed three important methodological aspects. First, brain network reconstruction can be improved by performing source localization using the cortex as source space, instead of the whole brain. Second, conducting EEG connectivity analyses in individual space rather than on concatenated datasets may be preferable, as it permits to incorporate realistic information on head modeling and electrode positioning. Third, the use of a wide frequency band leads to an unbiased and generally accurate reconstruction of several network maps, whereas filtering data in a narrow frequency band may enhance the detection of specific networks and penalize that of others. We hope that our methodological work will contribute to rise of hdEEG as a powerful tool for brain research.