bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction effects of geomagnetic disturbances in the geo-electric field variations at low latitudes
Authors: Doumbia Vafi , Boka Kouadio , Kouassi Nguessan , Grodji Oswald Didier Franck , Amory-Mazaudier Christine , Menvielle Michel 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. In this study we examined the influences of geomagnetic activity on the Earth surface electric field variations at low latitudes. During the International Equatorial Electrojet Year (IEEY) various experiments were performed along 5° W in West Africa from 1992 to 1995. Among other instruments, 10 stations equipped with magnetometers and telluric electric field lines operated along a meridian chain across the geomagnetic dip equator from November 1992 to December 1994. In the present work, the induced effects of space-weather-related geomagnetic disturbances in the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) influence area in West Africa were examined. For that purpose, variations in the north–south (Ex) and east–west (Ey) components of telluric electric field were analyzed, along with that of the three components (H,  D and Z) of the geomagnetic field during the geomagnetic storm of 17 February 1993 and the solar flare observed on 4 April 1993. The most important induction effects during these events are associated with brisk impulses like storm sudden commencement (ssc) and solar flare effect (sfe) in the geomagnetic field variations. For the moderate geomagnetic storm that occurred on 17 February 1993, with a minimum Dst index of −110 nT, the geo-electric field responses to the impulse around 11:00 LT at LAM are Ex =  520 mV km−1 and Ey =  400 mV km−1. The geo-electric field responses to the sfe that occurred around 14:30 LT on 4 April 1993 are clearly observed at different stations as well. At LAM the crest-to-crest amplitude of the geo-electric field components associated with the sfe are Ex =  550 mV km−1 and Ey =  340 mV km−1. Note that the sfe impact on the geo-electric field variations decreases with the increasing distance of the stations from the subsolar point, which is located at about 5.13° N on 4 April. This trend does not reflect the sfe increasing amplitude near the dip equator due the high Cowling conductivity in the EEJ belt.
Event-scale power law recession analysis: quantifying methodological uncertainty
Authors: Dralle David N. , Karst Nathaniel J. , Charalampous Kyriakos , Veenstra Andrew , Thompson Sally E. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The study of single streamflow recession events is receiving increasing attention following the presentation of novel theoretical explanations for the emergence of power law forms of the recession relationship, and drivers of its variability. Individually characterizing streamflow recessions often involves describing the similarities and differences between model parameters fitted to each recession time series. Significant methodological sensitivity has been identified in the fitting and parameterization of models that describe populations of many recessions, but the dependence of estimated model parameters on methodological choices has not been evaluated for event-by-event forms of analysis. Here, we use daily streamflow data from 16 catchments in northern California and southern Oregon to investigate how combinations of commonly used streamflow recession definitions and fitting techniques impact parameter estimates of a widely used power law recession model. Results are relevant to watersheds that are relatively steep, forested, and rain-dominated. The highly seasonal mediterranean climate of northern California and southern Oregon ensures study catchments explore a wide range of recession behaviors and wetness states, ideal for a sensitivity analysis. In such catchments, we show the following: (i) methodological decisions, including ones that have received little attention in the literature, can impact parameter value estimates and model goodness of fit; (ii) the central tendencies of event-scale recession parameter probability distributions are largely robust to methodological choices, in the sense that differing methods rank catchments similarly according to the medians of these distributions; (iii) recession parameter distributions are method-dependent, but roughly catchment-independent, such that changing the choices made about a particular method affects a given parameter in similar ways across most catchments; and (iv) the observed correlative relationship between the power-law recession scale parameter and catchment antecedent wetness varies depending on recession definition and fitting choices. Considering study results, we recommend a combination of four key methodological decisions to maximize the quality of fitted recession curves, and to minimize bias in the related populations of fitted recession parameters.
Successful Use of eXtension and Online Training Modules in Mandatory Biennial Volunteer Recertification
Authors: Hein Wendy , White Trisha , Williams Janaleen 
Published: January 2017

Quality volunteers are essential to the success of 4-H programs. Although much attention has been paid to the initial orientation of volunteers, additional training is typically optional. Beginning in 2013, our county required all adult volunteers to complete at least one hour of continuing education as part of a biennial recertification process. We used existing resources (“eLearning for Volunteer Orientation”; eXtension webinars). There was no significant difference in volunteer retention between re-screening and non-re-screening cohorts (p=.855). We collected 166 volunteer ratings of 23 recorded webinars on eXtension. Volunteers gave concrete examples of how they would use the information learned in their volunteer role.
Transformative Leadership: The Camp Counselor Experience
Authors: Femrite Stephanie , Flatt Jenny 
Published: January 2017

A study, utilizing focus groups, was conducted with teens serving as camp counselors at the North Central 4-H camp in Missouri. High school students, 14-18 years old, served as camp counselors during a four-day residential camp the summer of 2014. Each counselor was a current 4-H member and had served as a 4-H camp counselor in Missouri for at least one year, some serving as many as five years. Comparing two training models, evidence was found that intentional training sessions are crucial for the empowerment that leads to transformation.
Schadebegroting bij een doorberekeningsverweer en een bijgestelde maatstaf voor voordeelstoerekening
Authors: Keirse A.L.M. , van Kogelenberg M. 
Published: January 2017

Schadebegroting bij een doorberekeningsverweer en een bijgestelde maatstaf voor voordeelstoerekening
In lijn met Europees schadevergoedingsrecht wendt de Hoge Raad overcompensatie af. In de recente follow-on kartelschadeprocedure TenneT c.s/ABB c.s. maakt de Hoge Raad namelijk de weg vrij voor een consistente toekenning van het zogenoemde passing-on verweer. Daarbij geeft hij te kennen ruimer te zijn gaan denken over het leerstuk van voordeelstoerekening. In deze bijdrage wordt het belang van deze ontwikkelingen voor zowel het mededingingsrecht als het algemene schadevergoedingsrecht geduid.
Rechtskeuzebedingen in consumentenovereenkomsten: spitsroeden lopen
Authors: Spanjaard J.H.M. 
Published: January 2017

Rechtskeuzebedingen in consumentenovereenkomsten: spitsroeden lopen
Op 28 juli 2016 besliste het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie in de zaak VKI/Amazon dat een rechtskeuzeclausule in een consumentenovereenkomst oneerlijk is indien de indruk wordt gewekt dat de consument niet terug kan vallen op dwingendrechtelijke bescherming die het recht van zijn woonplaats hem biedt. Dit arrest, de rechtskeuze in internationale overeenkomsten en de ambtshalve toetsing van bedingen in consumentenovereenkomsten worden in deze bijdrage besproken.
Uitzendkrachten inhuren: wanneer wordt goedkoop duurkoop?
Authors: Schutte N.J. 
Published: January 2017

Uitzendkrachten inhuren: wanneer wordt goedkoop duurkoop?
De inlenersaansprakelijkheid van art. 34 van de Invorderingswet 1990 is een vrijwel zuivere risicoaansprakelijkheid. Deze wordt ingeroepen als een uitlener van personeel loonbelasting of premies onbetaald laat. Het is voor de inlener lastig en administratief bewerkelijk om afdoende maatregelen te nemen tegen een dergelijke aansprakelijkstelling. Verjaring van het recht tot aansprakelijkstelling vindt maar zelden plaats en ook de disculpatieregeling werkt slechts in uitzonderingsgevallen. Alleen de storting van de loonbelasting- en premiecomponent door de inlener op een geblokkeerde rekening van de uitlener is afdoende. Dit artikel gaat in kort bestek op de meeste problemen in waar de inlener mee te maken kan krijgen.
Vennootschappelijke medezeggenschapsrechten in een grensoverschrijdende inbound fusie
Authors: Pouwer R.L. 
Published: January 2017

Vennootschappelijke medezeggenschapsrechten in een grensoverschrijdende inbound fusie. Het toepassingsbereik van art. 2:333k lid 3 onder c BW
Op 1 juli 2015 is art. 2:333k BW gewijzigd. Sinds deze wijziging lijkt krachtens de letterlijke bewoording van art. 2:333k lid 3 onder c BW bij elke grensoverschrijdende inbound fusie het regime van dit artikel te moeten worden toegepast. Ook wanneer bij geen van de fuserende vennootschappen voorafgaand aan de fusie vennootschappelijke medezeggenschap bestaat. In dit artikel zet de auteur op basis van bronnenonderzoek uiteen waarom zij het regime in de hiervoor beschreven situatie niet toepasselijk acht.
Het meten van effecten van de handhaving door de Belastingdienst
Authors: Goslinga Sjoerd , Siglé Maarten , van der Hel Lisette 
Published: January 2017

Het meten van effecten van de handhaving door de Belastingdienst
De maatschappij verwacht in toenemende mate dat toezichthouders de effecten van hun toezicht inzichtelijk maken. Dat geldt ook voor de Belastingdienst. Dit artikel bespreekt de theorie en de praktijk van effectmeting in het fiscale domein en levert zo een bijdrage aan de ontwikkeling van effectmeting van het (overheids)toezicht. Vastgesteld wordt dat in de praktijk een aantal uitdagingen het hoofd moet worden geboden wil de Belastingdienst daadwerkelijk tot een integrale effectmeting van het toezicht komen. Dit zijn: het expliciteren van de beleidstheorie, het vinden van de juiste determinanten van compliance, het meten van effecten van preventieve activiteiten, het opzetten van methodologisch verantwoord onderzoek en de organisatorische inbedding van effectmeting.
Characterization of adipose tissue macrophages and adipose-derived stem cells in critical wounds
Authors: Kim Bong-Sung , Tilstam Pathricia V. , Springenberg-Jung Katrin , Boecker Arne Hendrick , Schmitz Corinna , Heinrichs Daniel , Hwang Soo Seok , Stromps Jan Philipp , Ganse Bergita , Kopp Ruedger , Knobe Matthias , Bernhagen Juergen , Pallua Norbert , Bucala Richard 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundSubcutaneous adipose tissue is a rich source of adipose tissue macrophages and adipose-derived stem cells which both play a key role in wound repair. While macrophages can be divided into the classically-activated M1 and the alternatively-activated M2 phenotype, ASCs are characterized by the expression of specific stem cell markers.MethodsIn the present study, we have investigated the expression of common macrophage polarization and stem cell markers in acutely inflamed adipose tissue. Subcutaneous adipose tissue adjacent to acutely inflamed wounds of 20 patients and 20 healthy subjects were harvested and underwent qPCR and flow cytometry analysis.ResultsExpression levels of the M1-specific markers CD80, iNOS, and IL-1b were significantly elevated in inflammatory adipose tissue when compared to healthy adipose tissue, whereas the M2-specific markers CD163 and TGF-βwere decreased. By flow cytometry, a significant shift of adipose tissue macrophage populations towards the M1 phenotype was confirmed. Furthermore, a decrease in the mesenchymal stem cell markers CD29, CD34, and CD105 was observed whereas CD73 and CD90 remained unchanged.DiscussionThis is the first report describing the predominance of M1 adipose tissue macrophages and the reduction of stem cell marker expression in acutely inflamed, non-healing wounds.
Resistance to starvation of first-stage juveniles of the Caribbean spiny lobster
Authors: Espinosa-Magaña Alí , Lozano-Álvarez Enrique , Briones-Fourzán Patricia 
Published: January 2017

The non-feeding postlarva (puerulus) of spiny lobsters actively swims from the open ocean to the coastal habitats where it settles and molts to the first-stage juvenile (JI). Because pueruli use much of their energy reserves swimming and preparing for the post-settlement molt, the survival of JIs presumably depends on resuming feeding as soon as possible. To test this hypothesis, the resistance to starvation of JIs of the Caribbean spiny lobster,Panulirus argus, was evaluated by measuring their point-of-no-return (PNR, minimum time of initial starvation preventing recovery after later feeding) and point-of-reserve-saturation (PRS, minimum time of initial feeding allowing for food-independent development through the rest of the molting cycle) in a warm and a cold season. Each experiment consisted of eight groups: a continuously fed control (FC) group, a continuously starved control (SC) group, and six groups subjected to differential periods of either initial starvation and subsequent feeding (PNR experiments) or initial feeding and subsequent starvation (PSR experiments). No JIs molted under continuous absence of food (SC). In both PNR experiments (temperature in warm season: 29.79 ± 0.07°C, mean ± 95% CI; in cold season: 25.63 ± 0.12°C) mortality increased sharply after 9 d of initial starvation and intermolt periods increased with period of initial starvation, but were longer in the cold season. The PNR50was longer in the warm season (12.1 ± 1.2 d, mean ± 95% CI) than in the cold season (9.5 ± 2.1 d). In PRS experiments (temperature in warm season: 29.54 ± 0.07 °C; in cold season: 26.20 ± 0.12 °C), JIs that molted did so near the end of the feeding period; all JIs initially fed for up to 6 d succumbed, and no JIs molted after 13 d of starvation despite having fed previously. The PRS50did not differ between the cold (13.1 ± 0.7 d) and warm seasons (12.1 ± 1.1 d). JIs ofP. argusexhibit a remarkable resistance to starvation considering that the previous non-feeding, energy-demanding puerulus phase lasts for ∼3 weeks. However, JIs appear to have a relatively higher degree of dependence on food to complete development to JII during the cold season than during the warm season. Therefore, JIs ofP. arguswould appear to be more resistant to starvation during the warm season.
Soil moisture background error covariance and data assimilation in a coupled land‐atmosphere model
Authors: Lin Liao‐Fan , Ebtehaj Ardeshir M. , Wang Jingfeng , Bras Rafael L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study characterizes the space‐time structure of soil moisture background error covariance and paves the way for the development of a soil moisture variational data assimilation system for the Noah land surface model coupled to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The soil moisture background error covariance over the contiguous United States exhibits strong seasonal and regional variability with the largest values occurring in the uppermost soil layer during the summer. Large background error biases were identified, particularly over the southeastern United States, caused mainly by the discrepancy between the WRF‐Noah simulations and the initial conditions derived from the used operational global analysis data set. The assimilation of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) soil moisture data notably reduces the error of soil moisture simulations. On average, data assimilation with space‐time varying background error covariance results in 33% and 35% reduction in the root‐mean‐square error and the mean absolute error, respectively, in the simulation of hourly top 10 cm soil moisture, mainly due to implicit reductions in soil moisture biases. In terms of correlation, the improvement in soil moisture simulations is also observed but less notable, indicating the limitation of coarse‐scale soil moisture data assimilation in capturing fine‐scale soil moisture variation. In addition, soil moisture data assimilation improves the simulations of latent heat fluxes but shows a marginal impact on the simulations of sensible latent heat fluxes and precipitation.
Synthesis of Trisubstituted Pyridines via Chemoselective Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of 3,5‐ and 4,6‐Dibromo‐2‐tosyloxypyridines
Authors: Park Cho‐Hee , Kwon Yong‐Ju , Oh In‐Young , Kim Won‐Suk 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChemoselective Suzuki–Miyaura reactions on 3,5‐ and 4,6‐dibromo‐2‐tosyloxypyridines have been studied for the preparation of trisubstituted pyridines. The optimized conditions allow for a facile access to 3,5‐ and 4,6‐diaryl‐2‐tosyloxypyridines in yields of 8 to 99%. Further functionalization such as palladium‐catalyzed amination and copper‐free Sonogashira reaction of the tosylate group in the diarylpyridine derivatives obtained was accomplished for the synthesis of novel and biologically relevant trisubstituted pyridines. The formal synthesis of ficuseptine, a bioactive alkaloid, has also been achieved via the palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of 3,5‐dibromo‐2‐tosyloxypyridine in 5 steps from 3,5‐dibromo‐2‐hydroxypyridine with 50% overall yield.magnified image
Template Removal via Boudouard Equilibrium Allows for Synthesis of Mesostructured Molybdenum Compounds
Authors: Schieder Martin , Bojer Carina , vom Stein Julia , Koch Sebastian , Martin Thomas , Schmalz Holger , Breu Josef , Lunkenbein Thomas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOxidative thermal removal of the polymeric templates is not trivial for molybdenum oxides and hampers mesostructuring of this material. At ambient oxygen fugacity, MoVI is the thermodynamically stable oxidation state and sublimation of MoO3 leads to a quick loss of the mesostructure through Oswald ripening. Taking advantage of the Boudouard equilibrium allows to fix the oxygen fugacity at a level where non‐volatile MoO2−x is stable while carbonaceous material may be oxidized by CO2. Mesostructured MoO2−x can be chemically converted into MoO3 or MoN under retention of the mesostructure.
Increasing Women's Parliamentary Representation in Asia and the Pacific: The Indonesian Experience
Authors: Hillman Ben 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn recent years, governments across Asia and the Pacific have adopted gender quotas to increase women's representation in parliament. In 2003, Indonesia introduced a 30% gender quota that, over two election cycles, contributed to an increase in women's share of seats in the national parliament from 9 per cent to 18 per cent. In the most recent (2014) elections, despite stronger enforcement of the quota provisions, expansive civil society‐led efforts to support women candidates and favourable press coverage, the percentage of women elected to the national parliament declined. This article examines the evolving political context in which the gender quota operates to argue that common support programs designed to maximize the gender quota's impact on women's representation are insufficiently targeted at major obstacles. Findings will be of interest to lawmakers and public sector professionals working to advance gender equity and to students of democratization, representation and gender politics.
A Bioluminogenic Probe for Monitoring Tyrosinase Activity
Authors: Wang Jianguang , Lee Tae Sup , Zhang Zhe , Tung Ching‐Hsuan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA bioluminogenic probe based on luciferin was designed and synthesized to monitor tyrosinase activity. This probe was efficient in assessing tyrosinase activity in a buffered aqueous solution and in measuring endogenous tyrosinase activity in melanoma cells.
Women's responses to stereotypical media portrayals: An fMRI study of sexualized and domestic images of women
Authors: Vezich I. Stephanie , Gunter Benjamin C. , Lieberman Matthew D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWomen tend to be portrayed in a sexualized or domestic manner in mainstream advertising; importantly this trend holds not only for ads targeting men but also for those targeting women themselves. Such a focus on sexualized portrayals in particular may not seem strategic given a wealth of evidence suggesting that women evaluate these portrayals quite negatively. Consumer attitudes toward domestic portrayals are more mixed but, unsurprisingly, vary according to how much a woman identifies as traditional. If female consumers do not evaluate these common portrayals positively, why might they persist? Past work suggests a disconnect between reported attitudes toward general visual sexual stimuli and physiological and neural responses; therefore, it is plausible that neural responses to stereotypical female portrayals in advertising may be at odds with reported attitudes and may have a bigger impact on consumer behavior. The current study exposed women to sexualized, domestic, and control images in a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner as an initial test of this idea. We found that participants reported liking both domestic and control images more than sexualized images. In contrast, they showed more activity in regions associated with reward and arousal (ventral striatum and amygdala, respectively) while viewing sexualized images relative to both control and domestic images. Surprisingly, ventral striatum response to sexualized ads was stronger for women who endorsed traditional attitudes than those who reported less traditional attitudes. These results suggest that despite reporting negative attitudes toward sexualized portrayals, women may in fact have a favorable response to these images. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Peptide‐Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Facile Measurement of Whole‐Blood Heparin
Authors: Meng Fanyu , Liang Weiguo , Sun Haixuan , Wu Ligang , Gong Xiao , Miao Peng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe first peptide‐based electrochemical biosensor for the measurement of the anti‐coagulant heparin using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is reported. The peptide immobilized on the electrode interface specially captures heparin with high affinity. The composites formed on the electrode can thus effectively repel electrochemical species, leading to an increase in interfacial charge transfer resistance. After analyzing the electrochemical signals, a linear detection range from 0.05 to 10.0 μg/mL is obtained. The detection limit is calculated to be 0.01 μg/mL, which is extremely low with such a simple sensing mechanism. Moreover, the proposed method has potential application for sensitive and separation‐free detection of heparin in whole‐blood samples.
Dual‐Confined Sulfur in Hybrid Nanostructured Materials for Enhancement of Lithium‐Sulfur Battery Cathode Capacity Retention
Authors: Zegeye Tilahun Awoke , Kuo Chung‐Feng Jeffrey , Chen Hung‐Ming , Tripathi Alok Mani , Lin Ming‐Hsien , Cheng Ju‐Hsiang , Duma Alemayehu Dubale , Su Wei‐Nien , Hwang Bing‐Joe 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHerein, we report a dual‐confined sulfur cathode with a nanostructure where sulfur (72.5 wt %) is first encapsulated in microporous carbon (MC) cores and embedded by graphene (G) shells. Larger and soluble polysulfide intermediates (Li2Sx, 4≤x≤8) are trapped by the graphene shells and thus to refrain from dissolution into the organic electrolyte, so that a stable cycling performance can be achieved. Moreover, the graphene shell and hollow space in‐between also help to ensure the integrity of the hybrid cathode against the volume expansion upon cycling. On the other hand, MC confines smaller sulfur molecules (S2‐4) within its small pores and suppresses the formation of soluble polysulfides. The resulting electrode delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 982 mAh g−1 with enhanced capacity retention of 85.4 % after 100th cycles at 0.2 C rates. More importantly, it exhibits a high discharge capacity of 886 mAh g−1, which is maintained at 601 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 0.5 C with a coulombic efficiency of nearly 100 %, which is the best performance among reported cycle stabilities.