bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life cycle assessment of solar‐driven oxidation as a polishing step of secondary‐treated urban effluents
Authors: Ioannou‐Ttofa Lida , Foteinis Spyros , Chatzisymeon Efthalia , Michael‐Kordatou Irene , Fatta‐Kassinos Despo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this work, the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is utilized to estimate the environmental footprint of solar Fenton oxidation at pilot scale used as a polishing step of secondary‐treated urban effluents. All inputs (e.g. natural resources, raw materials, etc.) and outputs (e.g. emissions, etc.) of the process were quantitatively defined and/or estimated. The system under study includes raw materials, energy, land use, chemicals, local transportation needs, and air‐/waterborne emissions.RESULTSThe main environmental hotspots of this system were identified (i.e. energy consumption and use of chemicals). The environmental sustainability of this technology was found to be high, since its environmental footprint for the treatment of 1 m3 of wastewater was found to be only 8.7 kg CO2 m−3, which is approx. 1.6% of the total CO2 emissions of the treatment of the daily effluents of a Cypriot resident. Nevertheless, alternative scenarios were investigated, in order to further enhance its overall environmental performance.CONCLUSIONSThe results indicate that the majority of the environmental impacts of this process could be attributed to indirect emissions, tracing back to electricity generation, followed by emissions from the chemicals used. The most critical improvement identified herein, is the use of a renewable energy source. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Crime linkage of sex offences in Japan by multiple correspondence analysis
Authors: Yokota Kaeko , Watanabe Kazumi , Wachi Taeko , Otsuka Yusuke , Hirama Kazuki , Fujita Goro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study examined the effectiveness of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) for linking crimes. The data consisted of 720 incidents committed by 360 individual offenders of serial criminal sexual contact cases (i.e., rape and forced indecency). According to the measured similarity obtained from the Euclidean distance in the MCA configuration, a rank‐score was assigned to each linked pair and unlinked pair. The validity of MCA for linking crimes was evaluated with a 10‐fold cross‐validation procedure and a receiver operating characteristic analysis. The t‐test of rank scores showed a statistically significant difference between linked pairs and unlinked pairs (t(641.43) = −18.53, p < .001, d = 1.38). The value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was .83 (95% CI = .80–.86), indicating a high level of discriminative accuracy in distinguishing offences committed by the same person from those committed by different persons.
Three‐dimensional T1 and T2* mapping of human lung parenchyma using interleaved saturation recovery with dual echo ultrashort echo time imaging (ITSR‐DUTE)
Authors: Gai Neville D. , Malayeri Ashkan A. , Bluemke David A. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo develop and assess a new technique for three‐dimensional (3D) full lung T1 and T2* mapping using a single free breathing scan during a clinically feasible time.Materials and MethodsA 3D stack of dual‐echo ultrashort echo time (UTE) radial acquisition interleaved with and without a WET (water suppression enhanced through T1 effects) saturation pulse was used to map T1 and T2* simultaneously in a single scan. Correction for modulation due to multiple views per segment was derived. Bloch simulations were performed to study saturation pulse excitation profile on lung tissue. Optimization of the saturation delay time (for T1 mapping) and echo time (for T2* mapping) was performed. Monte Carlo simulation was done to predict accuracy and precision of the sequence with signal‐to‐noise ratio of in vivo images used in the simulation. A phantom study was carried out using the 3D interleaved saturation recovery with dual echo ultrashort echo time imaging (ITSR‐DUTE) sequence and reference standard inversion recovery spin echo sequence (IR‐SE) to compare accuracy of the sequence. Nine healthy volunteers were imaged and mean (SD) of T1 and T2* in lung parenchyma at 3T were estimated through manually assisted segmentation. 3D lung coverage with a resolution of 2.5 × 2.5 × 6 mm3 was performed and nominal scan time was recorded for the scans. Repeatability was assessed in three of the volunteers. Regional differences in T1/T2* values were also assessed.ResultsThe phantom study showed accuracy of T1 values to be within 2.3% of values obtained from IR‐SE. Mean T1 value in lung parenchyma was 1002 ± 82 ms while T2* was 0.85 ± 0.1 ms. Scan time was ∼10 min for volunteer scans. Mean coefficient of variation (CV) across slices was 0.057 and 0.09, respectively. Regional variation along the gravitational direction and between right and left lung were not significant (P = 0.25 and P = 0.06, respectively) for T1. T2* showed significant variation (P = 0.03) along the gravitational direction. Repeatability for three volunteers was within 0.7% for T1 and 1.9% for T2*.Conclusion3D T1 and T2* maps of the entire lung can be obtained in a single scan of ∼10 min with a resolution of 2.5 × 2.5 × 6 mm3.Level of Evidence: 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1097–1104
Esophageal carcinoma: Ex vivo evaluation by high‐spatial‐resolution T2‐mapping MRI compared with histopathological findings at 3.0T
Authors: Wei Yi , Wu Sen , Gao Feifei , Sun Tingyi , Zheng Dandan , Ning Peigang , Zhao Cuihua , Li Ziyuan , Li Xiaodong , Li Linlin , Zhu Shaocheng 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo prospectively determine the feasibility of T2‐mapping magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantitatively describe the signal characteristics of the normal esophageal wall and assess the depth of esophageal wall invasion by carcinoma at 3.0T.Materials and MethodsThirty‐two patient specimens, each having foci of carcinoma, were studied using 3.0T MR. Freehand regions of interest were placed to measure the T2 value of the normal esophageal layers and were compared with the regions of carcinoma. Three independent readers reviewed the MR images to evaluate the depth of carcinoma invasion; when the three radiologists could not fully agree with each other, the final stage was determined by consensus. The Games‐Howell test was used to compare the difference between the normal esophageal layers and carcinoma. Spearman correlation coefficient analysis was used to compare the stage at MRI with that at histopathological analysis. The interobserver agreement was compared with Cohen's kappa. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting carcinoma invasion were calculated.ResultsThe T2 values between the carcinoma and normal esophageal layers were different (all P < 0.01), except for the inner circular muscle (P = 0.511). The T2 value of each layer of the normal esophageal wall was also different from that of the adjacent layer (all P < 0.01). In 29 of 32 lesions, the depth of the esophageal wall invasion determined by MR was consistent with the histopathological stage (r = 0.969, P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 80%, 96.3%, and 93.8%, respectively, for invasion into the mucosa; 77.8%, 95.7%, and 90.6%, respectively, for invasion into submucosa; 100%, 95.8%, and 96.9%, respectively, for invasion into muscularis propria; and 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, for invasion into the adventitia.ConclusionT2‐mapping MR images obtained using a 3.0T MR scanner can be used to depict the precise histopathological layers of the esophageal wall clearly and provide excellent diagnostic accuracy for assessing esophageal carcinoma invasion.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1609–1616
Temporal patterns of precipitation and vegetation variability over Botswana during extreme dry and wet rainfall seasons
Authors: Mberego Seth 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the temporal evolution of extreme rainfall seasons over Botswana, and their relationships to the growing season cycle of natural vegetation. Ground‐based precipitation data and remotely sensed Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)‐normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data are analysed for the July 1981–June 2006 period. Results confirm that Botswana's annual cycle of precipitation is characterized by substantial intra‐seasonal variation, which is resonated in natural vegetation cover. During extreme wet (dry) years, the most extreme surpluses (shortfalls) of monthly rainfall were observed in the middle of the rainfall season (January–February). While rainfall receipts during season onset and cessation may not be the highest, they were found to have strong influence on NDVI coefficient of variation. Extreme wet seasons could be distinguished from moderate wet seasons by examining their monthly peak patterns. Furthermore, the November–December period was identified through the NDVI as the critical period when extreme conditions may begin to emerge. These findings could have important implications for supporting seasonal forecasts and optimizing rainfed agricultural adaptation and natural resources management in southern Africa.
High‐resolution habitat modeling with airborne LiDAR for red tree voles
Authors: Johnston Aaron N. , Moskal L. Monika 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTHabitat suitability maps are important tools for conservation planning and species investigations, but maps at resolutions that are biologically meaningful and useful for local‐level decision‐making are lacking for many species that use resources at fine scales. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) describes 3‐dimensional structure of forests and other habitats at high resolution, which can improve habitat models for many species and facilitate investigations otherwise impossible with field data or other remote‐sensing techniques. We used an information‐theoretic approach and logistic regression to model habitat of red tree voles (Arborimus longicaudus) at multiple spatial scales with predictors derived from airborne LiDAR in southwestern Oregon. We developed a priori models to evaluate habitat associations and identify good models useful for high‐resolution mapping of habitat suitability across a large spatial extent. Our best models that compared habitats around nest trees of red tree voles to available sites performed well (i.e., accuracy = 0.83) on an independent test data set. We found fair performance in comparisons of habitat around nest trees to unused locations within areas previously identified as red tree vole habitat (i.e., accuracy = 0.71). Red tree vole nests were often in the largest trees in the stand and away from forest edges. Both analyses suggested that fine‐ and broad‐scale predictors are important for modeling habitat of red tree voles. Habitat suitability for red tree voles should be predicted effectively by LiDAR acquisitions even with low point densities because maps were robust to reductions in point densities as low as 1 point/m2. We found that LiDAR was effective for modeling habitat of red tree voles and expect it to improve performance of models for other species with similar habitat requirements. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
The past, present, and future of American university presses: A view from the left coast
Authors: Mudditt Alison 
Published: October 2016

Key pointsAmerican university presses have proved remarkably resilient but now face a daunting set of internal and external challenges.At the heart of university press challenges is the future of the monograph – critical to scholarship, resistant to change, and declining in sales volume.Internal pressures on presses to be more accountable and self‐sustaining are growing.Presses are beginning to address current challenges – individually and collectively – with energy and optimism and a renewed level of collaboration.
‘Being small is not a fault’: Making sense of the newer generation of German‐language university presses
Authors: Bargheer Margo , Pabst Jutta 
Published: October 2016

Key points
There are 33 university presses in Germany, most of them part of the working group of German‐language university presses, AG Universitätsverlage.
Göttingen University Press was formed in the late 1990s as an open access service for the university's scholars.
A publishing house within the academic network is able to be more responsive to the needs of its institution and scholars than an external publisher solely relying on revenues.
Taking control of publishing helps academia ensure that results will be disseminated in a way most beneficial to itself and society.
Processes driving seasonal variability in DMS, DMSP, and DMSO concentrations and turnover in coastal Antarctic waters
Authors: Asher E. C. , Dacey J. W. H. , Stukel M. , Long M. C. , Tortell P. D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study presents new measurements of the concentrations and turnover rates of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in coastal waters near Palmer Station, Antarctica, during the spring and summer of 2012–2013. Using several novel analytical and experimental techniques, we document variability in DMS, DMSP, and DMSO (DMS/P/O) concentrations and quantify dominant production and removal terms in the mixed layer DMS budget. Our results demonstrate considerable seasonal variability in the concentration of DMS (range 0–20 nM), total DMSP (8–160 nM), and total DMSO (4–160 nM). Over the seasonal cycle, dissolved DMSP concentrations were well correlated with total DMSP concentrations and the abundance of Phaeocystis antarctica, while DMSO concentrations (total and dissolved) were well correlated with DMS concentrations. DMSP cleavage from the dissolved pool (mean rate = 5.5 nM d−1) and release from microzooplankton grazing (mean 5.6 nM d−1) were the dominant sources of DMS, with smaller DMS production rates associated with DMSO reduction from the dissolved pool (mean 2.6 nM d−1) and krill grazing (mean 0.82 nM d−1). Specific rate constants for DMSP cleavage were inversely related to net primary production. Bacterial uptake was a primary contributor to DMS removal (mean −12 nM d−1), and we observed a significant correlation between bacterial production and gross DMS loss rate constants. Estimated sea‐air flux and photo‐oxidation constituted secondary DMS sinks. Our experimental and analytical methods provide insight into the DMS/P/O cycle at Palmer Station, and a starting point for future studies examining inter‐annual DMS/P/O variability in coastal Antarctic waters.
Self‐Healing Polymer Networks Based on Reversible Michael Addition Reactions
Authors: Kuhl Natascha , Geitner Robert , Bose Ranjita K. , Bode Stefan , Dietzek Benjamin , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen , Garcia Santiago J. , van der Zwaag Sybrand , Schubert Ulrich S. , Hager Martin D. 
Published: October 2016

A new polymeric material utilizing a highly efficient as well as reversible thiol‐ene click reaction is presented. For this purpose, a trithiol is reacted with a bisbenzylcyanoacetamide derivative resulting in the formation of a dynamic polymer network. The self‐healing ability of this novel material is tested by scratch healing experiments. Healing is found to take place from 60 °C onward. The underlying healing mechanism is studied in detail using temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopy confirming the reversible opening of the thiol‐ene adducts. Additionally, the thermal and mechanical properties are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and rheological measurements proving the network formation as well as its reversibility during the thermal treatment.
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Online Review Helpfulness: Role of Qualitative Factors
Authors: Agnihotri Arpita , Bhattacharya Saurabh 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTConsumers are increasingly reading online reviews before making any purchasing decisions. The significance of online reviews has only grown over the years. Though in the past, scholars have emphasized the impact of quantitative factors (e.g., review ratings) on online reviews, only recently have they begun to explore the role of qualitative aspects of online reviews. Content readability and associated sentiments in text provide two important qualitative cues that influence the helpfulness of online reviews. However, the extant literature has overemphasized the linear association between these aspects and the helpfulness of reviews. Using the elaboration likelihood model and the classic ideal point concept, the current work asserts that after an ideal point is attained, lucid and sentimental reviews diminish in utility (i.e., helpfulness of an online review for consumers decreases). This may happen because consumers are wary of fraudulent reviews. This study proposes that if experienced reviewers give such extreme reviews, then consumers might still draw utility from these reviews. In other words, this study explains the moderating role of reviewer experience, which heuristically influences consumers’ trust of online reviews, thus making even too simplistic or extremely sentimental reviews helpful.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Atomoxetine for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hinson Vanessa K. , Delambo Amy , Elm Jordan , Turner Travis 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundMild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD‐MCI) is associated with diminished norepinephrine from the locus coeruleus to the prefrontal cortex. Atomoxetine is a specific norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. The authors hypothesized that atomoxetine would improve attention and executive functioning in patients with PD‐MCI.MethodsThirty participants who met Movement Disorder Society Task Force Level I criteria for PD‐MCI were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of atomoxetine. Cognitive evaluations were performed at baseline and after 10 weeks of treatment or placebo. A safety visit was performed at Week 12. A global statistical test was used to examine treatment effects on standardized tests of attention, working memory, processing speed, and set shifting (primary outcome measure). Secondary outcomes included cognitive measures hypothesized to be insensitive to atomoxetine, the Conners Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale, and safety measures.ResultsFifteen participants were randomized to each arm. Groups were similar on medical and demographic variables and baseline cognition. Three serious adverse events occurred; 2 on atomoxetine (syncope, isolated episode of atrial fibrillation) and 1 on placebo (atrial fibrillation). The global statistical test of primary outcome measures did not reveal a significant difference between groups. However, significant improvements were observed for atomoxetine but not placebo on subjective measures of attention and impulsivity (Conners Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale).ConclusionsAtomoxetine treatment produced subjective, but not objective, improvements in PD‐MCI. Failure to detect objective differences may be due to insensitivity of cognitive tests or severity of cognitive deficits in the study participants.
Anti‐HIV‐1 Activity Prediction of Novel Gp41 Inhibitors Using Structure‐Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Sepehri Saghi , Saghaie Lotfollah , Fassihi Afshin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe fusion of viral and host cell membranes is mediated using gp41 subunit of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) envelope glycoprotein. As the HIV‐1 enters the host cells, the two helical regions (HR1 and HR2) in the ectodomain of gp41 form a six‐helix bundle, which carries the target and viral cell membranes to close proximity. Steps of this process serve as attractive targets for developing HIV‐1 fusion inhibitors. Identification of some novel HIV fusion inhibitors with the goal of blocking the formation of the six‐helix bundle was accomplished by computer‐aided drug design techniques. A virtual screening strategy was employed to recognize small molecules presumably able to bind the gp41 at the internal interface of the NHR helices at the core native viral six‐helix. This study was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, a library of more than seven thousand compounds was collected from ZINC, PubChem and BindingDB databases and protein data bank. Key contacts of known inhibitors with gp41 binding site residues were considered as the collecting criteria. In the second stage series of filtering processes were performed on this library in subsequent steps to find the potential gp41 inhibitors. The filtering criteria included pharmacokinetic and ADMET properties as well as in silico anti‐HIV‐1 prediction. Molecular docking simulation was carried out to identify interactions of the filtered molecules with the key residues in the gp41 binding site. Finally, molecular dynamics simulation indicates the superior inhibitory ability of three selected compounds over the known gp41inhibitor, NB‐64.
The long chain α–tocopherol metabolite α‐13’‐COOH and γ‐tocotrienol induce P‐glycoprotein expression and activity by activation of the pregnane X receptor in the intestinal cell line LS 180
Authors: Podszun Maren C. , Jakobi Metta , Birringer Marc , Weiss Johanna , Frank Jan 
Published: October 2016

ScopeMembers of the vitamin E family or their metabolites may induce the xenobiotic transporter P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), which can limit the bioavailability of drugs and phytochemicals. This study aimed to investigate if α‐ and γ‐tocopherol, α‐ and γ‐tocotrienol, the long chain metabolite α‐tocopherol‐13’‐COOH, the short chain metabolites α‐ and γ‐carboxyethylhydroxychromanol and plastochromanol‐8 activate the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and thereby modulate P‐gp expression and/or activity.Methods and resultsP‐gp protein expression and activity were studied in LS 180 cells incubated with the respective test compound for 48 h. Furthermore, we determined if the compounds activate PXR in LS 180 cells, as PXR regulates P‐gp expression. Neither P‐gp protein expression and activity, nor PXR activity were influenced by α‐tocopherol, γ‐tocopherol and plastochromanol‐8. α‐Tocotrienol activated PXR in the reporter gene assay but did not induce protein expression or activity of P‐gp. γ‐Tocotrienol and α‐13’‐COOH activated PXR and induced protein expression and transporter activity of P‐gp.ConclusionBecause the induction of P‐gp in the intestine may limit the systemic bioavailability of its substrates, the concurrent intake of drugs and γ‐tocotrienol and, if ever applicable, α‐13’‐COOH should be avoided.