bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Methodology to Assess the Flutter Limit-Cycle Oscillation Amplitude of Low-Pressure Turbine Bladed Disks—Part I: Mach Number Effects
Authors: Escudero Alvaro , Rodríguez-Blanco Salvador , Corral Roque 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology to estimate the vibration amplitude of fluttering low-pressure turbine (LPT) blades saturated due to friction effects. The study utilizes an analytical model that balances aerodynamic work and dry-friction work. The analytical predictions are compared against experimental results to validate the model. The first part of this paper focuses on the influence of the Mach number on the work balance between aerodynamic and mechanical components. It is observed that the vibration amplitude of low-pressure turbine rotor blades notably increases with higher Mach numbers. In addition, numerical simulations are employed to assess the influence of the Mach number on the critical damping ratio. The results demonstrate that an appropriate scaling of the critical damping ratio with the exit Mach number collapses all the damping versus interblade phase angle curves into a single curve. This finding validates the scaling of the aerodynamic damping for different pressure ratios. Unsteady pressure measurements were acquired, carefully postprocessed to extract their flutter-induced peak components, and presented in a nodal diameter (ND) by nodal diameter basis. The postprocessed data were then used to characterize the vibration amplitude observed in the experiments. The trends of the measured unsteady pressure on the casing of a rotating rig and the proposed model with the Mach number for different shaft speeds are in good agreement. The vibration amplitude and the mean unsteady pressure increase with the Mach number and exhibit a maximum with the shaft speed.
Techno-Economic Analysis of the Solid Oxide Semiclosed CO2 Cycle for Different Plant Sizes
Authors: Martinelli Matteo , Campanari Stefano , Martelli Emanuele 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This work presents a detailed techno-economic evaluation of the solid oxide semiclosed CO2 (SOS-CO2) cycle, a hybrid semiclosed cycle with solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) developed by Politecnico di Milano. for different plant sizes, ranging from large utility plants (400 MWel) to industrial applications (50 MWel). The analysis includes the design and sizing of all the cycle components, including specific design optimization models for the most critical cycle components such as the regenerative heat exchanger and the turbine. Results are compared with the performance of the Allam cycle, an oxy-combustion cycle with higher technology readiness level (TRL). The results show that the SOS-CO2 cycle maintains high efficiency over the whole size range thanks to the modularity of the fuel cell and the regenerator, which counterbalances the decrease in turbomachine efficiency at small sizes. For the utility scale plant, despite its higher specific investment cost (3761 €/kW versus 2490€/kW), the SOS-CO2 cycle appears to be competitive with the Allam cycle in terms of cost of electricity (COE) (128.4 €/MWh and 127.8 €/MWh of the Allam cycle) thanks to its higher efficiency (68.9% versus 53.1%). At smaller sizes, the higher efficiency and the lower dependance on the economies of scale make the SOS-CO2 more economically advantageous: for the 50 MWel plant, the cost of electricity of the SOS-CO2 is 175.8 €/MWh versus 205.8 €/MWh of the Allam cycle.
Characterization of galactose catabolic pathways in
Streptococcus agalactiae
and identification of a major galactose: phosphotransferase importer
Authors: Hiron Aurelia , Melet Morgane , Guerry Capucine , Dubois Ilona , Rong Vanessa , Gilot Philippe 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

We identified and characterized genomic regions of
Streptococcus agalactiae
that are involved in the Leloir and the tagatose-6-phosphate pathways for D-galactose catabolism. The accumulation of mutations in genes coding the Leloir pathway and the absence of these genes in a significant proportion of the strains suggest that this pathway may no longer be necessary for
S. agalactiae
and is heading toward extinction. In contrast, a genomic region containing genes coding for intermediates of the tagatose-6-phosphate pathway, a Gat family PTS transporter, and a DeoR/GlpR family regulator is present in the vast majority of strains. By deleting genes that code for intermediates of each of these two pathways in three selected strains, we demonstrated that the tagatose-6-phosphate pathway is their sole route for galactose catabolism. Furthermore, we showed that the Gat family PTS transporter acts as the primary importer of galactose in
S. agalactiae
. Finally, we proved that the DeoR/GlpR family regulator is a repressor of the tagatose-6-phosphate pathway and that galactose triggers the induction of this biochemical mechanism.

IMPORTANCE

S. agalactiae
, a significant pathogen for both humans and animals, encounters galactose and galactosylated components within its various ecological niches. We highlighted the capability of this bacterium to metabolize D-galactose and showed the role of the tagatose-6-phosphate pathway and of a PTS importer in this biochemical process. Since
S. agalactiae
relies on carbohydrate fermentation for energy production, its ability to uptake and metabolize D-galactose could enhance its persistence and its competitiveness within the microbiome.
Outbreak-associated
Salmonella
Baildon found in wastewater demonstrates how sewage monitoring can supplement traditional disease surveillance
Authors: M'ikanatha Nkuchia M. , Goldblum Zoe S. , Cesari Nicholas , Nawrocki Erin M. , Fu Yezhi , Kovac Jasna , Dudley Edward G. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Non-typhoidal
Salmonella
is a common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, but current non-typhoidal
Salmonella
surveillance is suboptimal. Here, we evaluated the utility of wastewater monitoring to enhance traditional surveillance for this foodborne pathogen. In June 2022, we tested raw sewage collected twice a week from two treatment plants in central Pennsylvania for non-typhoidal
Salmonella
and characterized isolates using whole-genome sequencing. We recovered 43
Salmonella
isolates from wastewater samples, differentiated by genomic analysis into seven serovars: 16 Panama (37.2%), 9 Senftenberg (20.9%), 8 Baildon (18.6%), and 3 or fewer of four other serovars. We assessed genetic relatedness and epidemiologic links between these wastewater isolates with those from patients with salmonellosis. All
S
. Baildon isolates from wastewater were genetically similar to those associated with a known contemporaneous salmonellosis outbreak.
S
. Baildon from wastewater and 42 outbreak-related isolates in the national outbreak detection database had the same core genome multilocus sequence typing, and outbreak code differed by zero or one single polynucleotide polymorphism. One of the 42 outbreak-related isolates was obtained from a patient residing in the wastewater sample collection catchment area, which serves approximately 17000 people.
S
. Baildon is a rare serovar (reported in <1% cases nationally, over five years). Our study underscores the value of monitoring sewage from a defined population to supplement traditional surveillance methods for the evidence of
Salmonella
infections and to determine the extent of outbreaks.

IMPORTANCE

During the COVID-19 pandemic, monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater was highly effective in identifying the variants of concern earlier than clinical surveillance methods. Here, we show that monitoring domestic sewage can also augment traditional reporting of foodborne illnesses to public health authorities. Our study detected multiple
Salmonella enterica
serovars in samples from two wastewater treatment plants in central Pennsylvania. Using whole-genome sequencing, we demonstrated that the isolates of variant
S
. Baildon clustered with those from a foodborne salmonellosis outbreak that occurred in a similar time frame. Cases were primarily from Pennsylvania, and one individual lived within the wastewater treatment catchment area. This study highlights the effectiveness of domestic sewage testing as a proactive public health strategy to track and respond to infectious disease outbreaks.
Evaluation of an expanded antibiotic resistance gene panel on prediction of antimicrobial susceptibility results for Gram-negative bacteria in blood cultures
Authors: Manuel Carmila , Maynard Richard , Simpkins Synthia , Haro Michelle , Humphries Romney 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The QIAstat-Dx BCID Panels (RUO) (“QIAstat,” QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) for identification of 13 Gram-negative bacteria and 18 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene groups was evaluated. The study was conducted in two phases; in phase 1, analytical performance was evaluated against 154 challenge isolates against whole genome sequencing data. In this phase, sensitivity and specificity of organism identification calls were 153/154 (99.3%) and 1,748/1,749 (99.8%), respectively. For AMR genes, sensitivity was 434/435 (99.8%) and specificity was 2,334/2,337 (99.9%). One false-negative
bla
IMP
, one false-positive
bla
CTX-M
, and two false-positive aac-6’-lb detections were noted in this challenge set of organisms. In phase 2, 101 clinical blood culture isolates of Gram-negative rods were evaluated by the multiplexed PCR versus reference broth microdilution, for the ability of identification combined with AMR genes to predict final susceptibility results. Negative predictive values were 92.8% for ampicillin resistance (100% for
Escherichia coli
), 93.4% for ceftriaxone, 97.4% for ceftazidime, and 98.7% for cefepime. In constrast, negative predictive values for current standard of care (identification plus detection of
bla
CTX-M
) ranged from 56.5% to 88.8%. This study demonstrated additive value of additional beta-lactamase genes for bacteria isolated from blood cultures.

IMPORTANCE
Prediction of Gram-negative bacteria resistance through detection of resistance genes is complex. This study evaluated a novel, direct-from-blood or bacterial isolate multiplexed PCR for the detection of 17 resistance genes, and evaluated the prediction of antimicrobial susceptibility.
The Rac1-PAK1-Arp2/3 signaling axis regulates CHIKV nsP1-induced filopodia and optimal viral genome replication
Authors: Aïqui-Reboul-Paviet Olivier , Bakhache William , Bernard Eric , Holsteyn Lise , Neyret Aymeric , Briant Laurence 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Alphavirus infection induces dramatic remodeling of host cellular membranes, producing filopodia-like and intercellular extensions. The formation of filopodia-like extensions has been primarily assigned to the replication protein nsP1, which binds and reshapes the host plasma membrane when expressed alone. While reported decades ago, the molecular mechanisms behind nsP1 membrane deformation remain unknown. Using mammalian epithelial cells and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) as models, we characterized nsP1-induced membrane deformations as highly dynamic actin-rich lamellipodia and filopodia-like extensions. Through pharmacological inhibition and genetic invalidation, we identified the critical contribution of the Rac1 GTPase and its downstream effectors PAK1 and the actin nucleator Arp2 in nsP1-induced membrane deformation. An intact Rac1-PAK1-Arp2 signaling axis was also required for optimal CHIKV genome replication. Therefore, our results designate the Rac1-PAK1-Arp2 pathway as an essential signaling node for CHIKV infection and establish a parallel requirement for host factors involved in nsP1-induced plasma membrane reshaping and assembly of a functional replication complex.

IMPORTANCE
The alphavirus nsP1 protein dramatically remodels host cellular membranes, resulting in the formation of filopodia-like extensions. Although described decades ago, the molecular mechanisms controlling these membrane deformations and their functional importance remain elusive. Our study provides mechanistic insight, uncovering the critical role of the Rac1 GTPase, along with its downstream effectors PAK1 and the actin nucleator Arp2, in the nsP1-associated phenotype. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Rac1-PAK1-Arp2 pathway is essential for optimal CHIKV genome replication. Our findings establish a parallel in the cellular mechanisms governing nsP1-induced plasma membrane reshaping and the production of a functional replication complex in infected cells.
Medical examiner service in children’s deaths: a survey of current practice in paediatric intensive care units in England and Wales
Authors: Aziz Omer , Fraser James , Schadenberg Alvin 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionA statutory system of medical examiners (ME) was introduced in England and Wales in September 2024. The next of kin will be given the opportunity to speak to the ME and all medical certificates of cause of death (MCCDs) will require an ME countersignature. In children, there is already established guidance for a comprehensive child death review (CDR) that encompasses best operational practice with statutory requirements that must be followed.Objective and designA national survey of all paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in England to evaluate the processes where both systems have been adopted.Results21 of 23 (91%) PICUs responded. 75% of the surveyed PICUs have ME services established. Of these, 60% reported that the ME reviewed all deaths, including those reported to the coroner. Out-of-hours ME provision was available in only 33% of the surveyed PICUs and no review of medical notes occurred in 27% of cases. 60% of the respondents agreed ME scrutiny improved the quality of the MCCD. 40% of the respondents believed that ME review might cause delay in cultural or religious rites and the offer of organ donation.ConclusionA national ME service has potential to improve the quality of national mortality data and give voice to bereaved families’ concerns. However, in relation to children’s deaths, it needs to interface with existing statutory expectations that have similar objectives. We recommend that prospective audit be conducted to ensure both CDR and ME systems are coordinated to each other’s mutual benefit.
Natural history of otitis media with effusion-related hearing loss in children under 12 years: a systematic review
Authors: Paing Aye , Elliff-O’Shea Laura , Day John , Holland Brown Tamsin , Arnold Stephanie , Royds Jennifer , Kennedy Veronica 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo assess natural history of otitis media with effusion (OME)-related hearing loss and OME causing hearing loss in children under 12 years.MethodsEmbase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, INAHTA database, CENTRAL, CDSR, Epistemonikos and PsycINFO were searched to identify observational single group studies, and comparative studies with untreated control arms published in English up to June 2022, reporting natural history of OME-related hearing loss and OME causing hearing loss. Risk of bias and overall quality of evidence were assessed using the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology, respectively.ResultsThirteen studies with 24–639 children were included. Resolution of OME-related hearing loss was 50% by 3 months, 60% by 6 months and 61–77% by 12 months. Resolution of OME causing hearing loss (OME of <1 month, >3 months, >6 months or unknown duration before follow-up) was 23–55% by 3 months, 20–50% by 6 months, 31% by 9 months and 21–93% by 12 months, depending on population and how resolution was defined. Resolution of chronic OME (OME of >12 months duration before follow-up) was only 7% by 1 month, 12% by 6 months and 6% by 12 months. Resolution was only 42% by 57 months in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia.ConclusionsThere was greater resolution of OME-related hearing loss over longer follow-up periods. Resolution of OME causing hearing loss also showed a trend towards greater resolution over longer follow-up periods; however, this did not follow a linear pattern, potentially due to differences in populations and definitions of resolution across studies.
Isospin sum rules for the nonleptonic B decays
Authors: Wang Di 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIsospin symmetry, as the most precise flavor symmetry, can be used to extract information about hadronic dynamics. The effective Hamiltonian for bottom quark weak decay is zero under the isospin lowering operators $$I_-^n$$

I
-
n

, which allows us to generate isospin sum rules through several master formulas. In this work, we derive the master formulas of isospin sum rules for the two- and three-body non-leptonic decays of B mesons. Numerous new isospin sum rules, especially those involving three or more decay channels, are proposed. The isospin sum rules can be used to test isospin symmetry and provide hints the isospin partners of exotic hadrons in B decays. It is found ten percent isospin breaking only in decay modes involving two vector mesons, indicating the complex dynamics of vector mesons. Besides, the isospin analysis suggests the charm tetraquark resonances might be observed in the $$ B^- \rightarrow J/\Psi \pi ^-\overline{K}^0$$

B
-

→
J
/
Ψ

π
-

K
¯

0

, $$\overline{B}^0 \rightarrow J/\Psi \overline{K}^0\phi $$

B
¯

0

→
J
/
Ψ

K
¯

0

ϕ

, and $$\overline{B}^0\rightarrow D^0\overline{D}^0\overline{K}^0$$

B
¯

0

→

D
0

D
¯

0

K
¯

0

modes.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Secondary Hypertension in Young Adults
Authors: de Freminville Jean-Baptiste , Gardini Margherita , Cremer Antoine , Camelli Scarlett , Baron Stephanie , Bobrie Guillaume , Gosse Philippe , Boulestreau Romain , Gebara Nicole , Doublet Julien , Dussartre Thomas , Grataloup Christine , Lorthioir Aurélien , Massien Christine , Madjalian Anne-Marie , Riancho Julien , Soulat Gilles , Postel-Vinay Nicolas , Azizi Michel , Rance Bastien , Amar Laurence 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
The prevalence of secondary causes of hypertension in young adults is unknown, and therefore, there is no consensus about the indication of screening of secondary hypertension (2HTN) in this population. The objective was to report the prevalence and the causes of 2HTN in young subjects.

METHODS:
In this cross-sectional study, 2090 patients with confirmed hypertension aged 18 to 40 years with full workup for 2HTN screening were included. We assessed the prevalence of 2HTN and analyzed the factors associated.

RESULTS:

Among 2090 patients, 619 (29.6%) had a 2HTN. The most frequent diagnoses of 2HTN in descending order were primary aldosteronism (n=339; 54.8%), renovascular hypertension (n=114; 18.4%), primary kidney disease (n=80; 12.9%), pheochromocytoma/functional paraganglioma (n=37; 5.9%), hypertension caused by drugs or substances (n=32; 6.0%), and other diagnoses (n=17; 2.7%). Patients with blood pressure <160/100 mm Hg did not have a lower prevalence of 2HTN regardless of the number of treatments. The prevalence of 2HTN was higher in the decade between 30 and 40 years of age than between 18 and 30 years of age (
P
=0.024). Female sex, hypokalemia, treatment with at least 2 medications, no familial history of hypertension, body mass index <25 kg/m², and diabetes were associated with a higher prevalence of 2HTN.

CONCLUSIONS:
The prevalence of 2HTN is high among young patients with hypertension (29.6% in our cohort), regardless of age and blood pressure level. All patients with hypertension under 40 years of age should be screened for secondary causes.
The Theory of Being and the Argument for Forms in Plato’s Sophist
Authors: Leigh Fiona 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper argues for two claims. First, that in the Sophist a metaphysical theory of being is constructed from the ground up, largely on the basis of a claim treated as an axiomatic principle, the ‘dunamis proposal’ (247d–e), which, I will argue, ought to be understood as Plato’s own definition of being. Second, once its core is in place, the theory is put to use to provide dialectical arguments against proponents of alternative metaphysical theories for the existence of various entities in the ontology. These include—notably—an argument for the existence of Forms.
Gregory-Aland 424 (ÖNB Cod. Theol. Gr. 302) as Imperfect Exemplar
Authors: Peterson Jacob W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
GA 424 is an important Byzantine manuscript of Acts and the Catholic Epistles, the Pauline Epistles, and Revelation featuring surrounding commentary and various apparatus bound together with numerous non-biblical texts. This article identifies GA 250 as a direct copy (Abschrift) of 424’s biblical text in both content and layout. While most of the other material was also copied, it was changed, reformatted, and edited in ways that point to a conscious effort at producing a revised edition. Beyond the evidence to support understanding GA 250 as a copy of GA 424, the ability to use GA 250 to reconstruct lost original text in GA 424 is explored, their dates are reconsidered, and desiderata are offered for further investigating the evolution between the manuscripts and their location within their family of manuscripts.
Object Marking in Western Eurasia
Authors: Alfimova Daria 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates object marking strategies in Circum-Baltic languages and beyond, using a sample of 103 predicates from 30 Western Eurasian languages from the BivalTyp database. The study aims to identify areal clusters in object marking and evaluate the relevance of the Circum-Baltic linguistic area in this context. It finds that while most Circum-Baltic languages dissolve into larger, genealogy-driven clusters, areal signals are present, particularly with Lithuanian merging with Slavic languages due to genitive-taking predicates. German deviates from the larger Germanic cluster, merging with Latvian and Hungarian without a specific marking strategy driving this alignment. The results suggest that the concept of a linguistic area is less effective for describing object marking relationships around the Baltic Sea, in contrast to the Balkan linguistic area, where cross-linguistic clusters of object marking strategies do align with the linguistic area. Additionally, the paper discusses large-scale trends, such as comitativity prominence and the comparison of observed object marking strategy distributions with the predicted Zipf distribution.
PoeTree: Poetry Treebanks in Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Slovenian and Spanish
Authors: Plecháč Petr , Cinková Silvie , Kolár Robert , Šeļa Artjoms , De Sisto Mirella , Nugues Lara , Haider Thomas , Kočnik Neža 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article presents a set of standardised corpora of poetry comprising over 330,000 poems in ten languages (Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Slovenian, and Spanish). Each corpus has been deduplicated, enriched with Universal Dependencies, provided with additional metadata, and converted into a unified json structure.