bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Paliperidone Palmitate Long-Acting Injectable in the Initial Stages of Psychosis: Clinical and Functional Impact
Authors: Sánchez Blanco L. , Gómez Revuelta M. , Gajardo Galán V. , Juncal Ruíz M. , Landera Rodríguez R. , Santayana Jenaro G. Pardo de , Porta Olivares O. , Núñez Morales N.I. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAn appropriate early intervention (EI) after the onset of a first episode of psychosis (FEP) is a key factor to prevent relapse, cognitive and functional impairment related to neurotoxicity as it is a critical period in order to get good adherence to treatment. This is the most reported factor linked to relapse. Therefore, interventions focused on getting good adherence to treatment may make the difference in terms of outcome.AimsTo compare relapse rates, symptom severity and level of functionality before and after treatment with Paliperidone Palmitate Long-Acting Injectable (PP-LAI). To analyze prior antipsychotic treatments and side effects registered before and after the introduction of (PP-LAI).Material and methodThis is a cross-sectional descriptive study. We analyzed a sample of 15 patients, recruited from PAFIP (an specialized EI unit) and treated with variable doses of PP-LAI. They all met diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia according to DSM-IV. Clinical and functional data of the two years before and after treatment intoroduction were recorded.ResultsTwenty-seven percent of the patients resumed their work activity or studies and 33% of the patients increased their social activity. Thirteen percent of the patients improved from negative symptoms. Prior to treatment introduction, more than a half of the simple, had suffered one or two relapses. After treatment introduction, 87% did not experience more relapses while 13% experienced another relapse.ConclusionsTreatment with PP-LAI is associated to a recovery of functional abilities, and a trend to clinical stability with high adherence to treatment related to few side effects.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Self-Image and Risk of Suicide in Eating Disorders
Authors: Birgegård A. , Andersen M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSuicide risk is increased in eating disorders (ED), and detection is key to prevention. Self-image as operationalized in the structural analysis of social behavior (SASB) model has been shown to be associated with symptoms, treatment dropout, and outcome. SASB is a circumplex organizing self-directed behaviors along affiliation (love vs. hate) and autonomy (set free vs. control) dimensions. In a recent study, SASB related to health care-detected suicide attempts in ED. Methodology in that study ensured high specificity but risked lower sensitivity in suicide variables, and with such a high-threat outcome, research is needed on additional variables related to risk.Objectives and aimsWe aimed to study associations between SASB self-image and clinician- and self-rated suicidality at presentation and predicted over 12 months in ED patients.MethodsAdult patients (n = 551) from a Swedish clinical database included 19% anorexia, 32% bulimia, 7% binge ED, and 42% other ED. We ran separate regression models for these diagnostic groups using SASB questionnaire data, also controlling for general psychiatric and ED symptoms, and in longitudinal models including baseline of each outcome.ResultsSASB alone was associated with suicidality at presentation (9–67% variance explained) and predictively over 12 months (7–29%), and in the majority of models explained additional variance beyond baseline and clinical variables. Both affiliation and autonomy related to dependent variables in diagnosis-specific patterns.ConclusionsThe findings have implications for both theory and detection tools for suicide risk, as well as suggesting intervention targets to mitigate risk in treatment based on the well-validated SASB theory.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Rosa Damascena Improved Sexual Dysfunction in Males Under Methadone Treatment – Results from a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Farnia V. , Tatari F. , Alikhani M. , Shakeri J. , Taghizadeh M. , Ngo V.T. , Sadeghi Bahmani D. , Holsboer-Trachsler E. , Brand S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPatients with severe opioid dependency might be treated with methadone, a pure μ-opioid-receptor, with promising results. Though, as for opioids, side effects are high, and among those, sexual dysfunction is among the most disturbing side effects.AimsInvestigating the influence of Rosa Damascena oil to improve sexual dysfunction among male methadone users.MethodsA total of 60 male patients (mean age: 30 years) with diagnosed opioid dependence and currently under treatment of methadone were randomly assigned either to the verum (Rosa Damascenca oil drops) or placebo condition. At baseline, and four and eight weeks later, patients completed self-rating questionnaires covering sexual dysfunction and happiness.ResultsOver time sexual dysfunction decreased and happiness increased in the verum, but not in the placebo condition.ConclusionsResults from this double blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trial showed that Rosa Damascena oil improved sexual dysfunction and happiness among male opioid addicts while under substitution treatment with methadone.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sexual Dysfunction in Oncology
Authors: Cochat Costa Rodrigues M.C. , Faria R.G. , Almeida S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSexual dysfunction is a common consequence of cancer treatment that affects at least half of men and women treated for pelvic tumors and more than one quarter of individuals with other malignancies.Objectives/aimsIdentification of the main sexual dysfunctions related to cancer treatments. Awareness to the importance of addressing sexuality to cancer patients, identifying the main reasons why healthcare providers usually do not.MethodsLiterature review concerning researched articles published in Pubmed/Medline as well as related bibliography.ResultsMost sexual problems are not caused by the cancer itself, but by toxicities of cancer treatment. Damage during cancer treatment to pelvic nerves, blood vessels and organ structures leads to the highest rates of sexual dysfunction. The most common sexual dysfunction in men under cancer treatment is the loss of desire for sex and erectile dysfunction. In women, the most common sexual dysfunctions are vaginal dryness, dyspareunia and loss of sexual desire, usually accompanied by difficulties in both the arousal and orgasm phases. According to literature, there are many cancer patients who would like to be informed and advised by their healthcare providers about the consequences of cancer treatment on their sexual health. Unfortunately, this rarely happens.ConclusionsThis work intends to publicize current existing information on sexual dysfunction in oncology, focusing on the prevalence, etiology and clinical presentation. The authors also intend to promote communication about sexual function and possible sexual dysfunctions resulting from cancer treatments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mental Illness and Mental Health Care as Experienced by Persons who Die by Suicide; a Qualitative Analysis of Suicide Notes
Authors: Furqan Z. , Zaheer J. , Sinyor M. , Schaffer A. 
Published: June 2017

While mental illness is a risk factor for suicidal behaviour and many suicide victims receive mental health care prior to death, there is a comparative lack of research that explores their narratives of care. Suicide notes offer unique insight into these subjective experiences. Our study explores the following questions: “How is mental health care experienced by those who die by suicide?” and “What role does this experience play in an individual's journey to suicide?” Our sample is a set of 21 purposefully selected notes that explicitly make mention of mental illness and/or mental health care, from a larger sample of 255 notes obtained through the Toronto Coroner's Office. We utilized a constructivist grounded theory framework to engage in line-by-line open coding, axial coding, memo-ing and theorizing of the data. Preliminary themes include (1) perception of recurrent utilization of mental health care as personal failure, (2) recurrent utilization of mental health care as a manifestation of accumulating hopelessness, (3) the construction of suicide as being beyond the scope of mental health care, (4) tensions between the conceptualization of mental illness as an inherent part of the self and mental illness as a disease to be fought or overcome, and (5) suicide as an exertion of self-autonomy, distinct from the influence of mental illness. An exploration of the complexity of an individual's relationship with mental illness and mental health care can foster better identification, understanding and support for those at risk for suicide.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychiatric Ward Consumption Before Suicide: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Sellin T. , Holländare F. , Tillfors M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThere is a need of identifying predictors of suicide. With effective treatment interventions for those at highest risk, suicide can be prevented.AimTo investigate variables possibly associated with suicide, by comparing patients in psychiatry deceased by suicide to matched controls. We compared the psychiatric ward consumption two years prior to suicide, previous medical and psychological treatments, somatic co-morbidity and the professions of health care staff in previous visits.MethodThe 153 suicide cases, 101 (66%) men and 52 (34%) women, aged between 13 and 96 years, were identified from the National Cause of death registry. All cases had previous contact in psychiatry in Örebro County and died between January 1st 2007 through December 31st 2013. Each case had one gender-, age- and diagnosis matched patient control from psychiatry. Data on care usage were collected from medical records. Correlations were calculated between ward variables and the outcome variable suicide yes/no. Variables significantly correlated to suicide were used in an adjusted logistic regression model to analyse possible associations with suicide.ResultsAmong the cases deceased by suicide, we found significantly fewer psychiatric outpatient visits (P < .01), a smaller amount receiving systematic psychological treatment (P < .01), less pharmacological interventions (P < .01) and a smaller amount of treatment provided by a multi-professional team (P < .01). Less occurrence of psychological treatment (OR(adj): 0.459; 95% CI 0.224–0.874, P < .05) was significantly associated to suicide.ConclusionsResults indicate that not only repeated visits in psychiatric care, but the content of visits (i.e. psychological interventions) seems to make an important difference between life and death.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Drug Metabolizing Enzyme and Transporter Genes Associated with Plasma Risperidone Level in Thai Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Sukasem C. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe associations between genetic variants of drug metabolizing enzyme and transporter (DMET) genes and steady-state plasma concentrations of risperidone, 9-hydroxyrisperidone, total active-moiety, and metabolic ratio remain unclear.ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to present the results of the association between genetic variants of DMET gene and steady-state plasma concentration risperidone and its metabolite using Affymetrix DMET Plus genotyping microarray.MethodsSubjects eligible for this study included male and female adolescents with ASD diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria and being treated with risperidone for at least 4 weeks prior to the blood sample collection. Blood samples were drawn prior to the next dose of risperidone intake to determine the steady-state plasma trough concentrations of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone. Genotyping profile was obtained using the microarray. Steady-state plasma risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone were measured using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay.ResultsThe polymorphisms of UGT2B4, CYP2D6 were highly associated with metabolic ratio. Of all the DMET analysis, ABCB11 (3084A > G, 420A > G, 368G > A, and 236G > A) and ADH7 (690G > A and –5360G > A) were found to be associated with plasma concentrations of risperidone (P < 0.01). In addition, 6 genetic variations among the SLC transporter family were associated with the plasma concentration of 9-hydroxyrisperidone.DiscussionsThis study provides a pharmacogenomic approach to investigate further among the DMET genetic variants which influence plasma concentration of risperidone. The treatment of ASD should be based on genetic factors making the challenge of psychopharmacological treatment more efficacious with lesser adverse events.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
To the question of the role of consultation liaison psychiatry in diagnostics of psychosomatic disorders
Authors: Lebedeva V. , Pavlova O. , Yurovskaya E. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundRelevance of consultation liaison psychiatry is conditioned by trend of steady rise of psychosomatic disorders and insufficient development of supplied forms and methods of medical care to patients with this pathology.AimTo study incidence rate of psychosomatic disorders in primary health care, to develop algorithm of medical care.Material and methodsA total of 2010 patients of the primary health care unit were examined. Methods used: clinical-psychopathological, clinical-dynamic, questionnaire screening, statistical (factor analysis).ResultsMental disorders, co-morbid with physical pathology, constituted 3.9% of the contingent with predominance of psychosomatic disorders–15.6 per 10,000 of the population. Respective from clinical-dynamic structure of psychosomatic disorders three groups of patients were distinguished: in need for consultation by a psychiatrist (22.9%); for course treatment by psychiatrist and subsequent observation by physicians (28%); and for systematic therapy and observation by psychiatrist (49.1%). Patients with psychosomatic disorders addressed general medicine network 1–2 years after onset of mental disorder and 6.4 ± 1.2 years after diagnostics of somatic pathology. Patients had predominantly cardiovascular (37.7%; P < 0.05), respiratory (20.5%), and gastrointestinal diseases (20.9%). Exacerbation of psychosomatic disorder was reliably interrelated with psychotraumatic situation and exacerbation of physical pathology. Introduced algorithm of psychiatric consultation consisted of:– evaluation of mental and physical status;– distinguishing the nosological groups;– choice of therapy;– formation of groups of observation (risk groups in need for course therapy, systematic therapy).ConclusionConsultation liaison psychiatry in general medical institution allows widening accessibility of psychiatric care and makes its provision more cost-effective.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Phenomenology of religious obsessive – compulsive disorder
Authors: Soliman E. , Abohendy W. , Fayed A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe occurrence of religious symptoms in obsessive compulsive disorder OCD patients ranges from 0% up to 93%. Although, frequent and influential nature of these symptoms, the explanations of its complexity and phenomenology are deficient in the literature.ObjectivesDetermine the most frequent OC religious symptoms among OCD patients. Assess relation between the frequent symptoms of religious OCD and depression.MethodsCross-sectional study was conducted among 115 consented patients diagnosed as OCD according to DSM-IV. Patients were recruited in one year from Psychiatric clinics, Zagazig University, Egypt. Psychiatric interview and psychometric assessment using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and OC religious symptom scale [1] were done.ResultsThe majority of patients (57.4%) had various religious OC symptoms. About 44% had doubts in religion in general (e.g. existence of God) and 11.3% had Blasphemous ideas. More than one third reported doubts about performing prayers and ablution perfectly; 34.8% repeatedly claimed they forgot to declare intention to pray, 36.5% had doubts about violating their ablution and 29.6% were skeptical about doing all ablution duties. Moreover, 23.5% reported slow or repeated readings in prayers, 25.2% had suspicions of breaking their fasting. A strong correlation between religious OC symptoms and total score of OC symptoms scale was confirmed. Most of our patients showed positive correlation between degree of depression and total score OC symptoms scale.ConclusionsMuslim patient present with specific phenomenology of religious OC symptoms. These symptoms are very frequent and negatively influencing their mood.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Probability analysis of compassion: Enhancing compassionate care in psychiatry through mirror neurons
Authors: Shoka A. , Lazzari C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe probability that psychiatric care becomes compassionate is higher when individual subjects, groups or organizations utilize mirror neurons to attune with the emotional world of their clients.ObjectivesTo create an algorithm for compassionate care in mental health by attunement of mirror neurons.AimsTo predict the probability of the occurrence of sympathetic care in mental health.MethodsNaturalistic observation of health care organizations identified the major nodes-agents of the organizational-neural network leading to a compassionate care (events A): individual, group, organization and society. Negative influences on compassionate care are (events B) subjective and collective acts.ResultsThe probability that compassionate care occurs as a result of a single mediator's action was only 0.167 (16%). The probability that compassion results from training mirror neurons were as follows:.Multiple event probability formula:– probability of event A that occurs P(A) = 0.667 (66%) [positive subject + group + organization + society)];– probability of event B that occurs P(B) = 0.333 [negative individual and group];– probability that both the events occur P(A∩B) = P(A) × P(B) = 0.222 [inhibitory influence];– probability that either of event occurs P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A∩B) = 0.778.ConclusionsThe probability of organizational compassion (PA) is high when all the agents interact. As compassion is reinforced by mirror neurons, a reduction in the number of people involved in compassionate care also means the final outcome is less likely to appear.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Brain connectivity in patients with schizophrenia related to psychological stress
Authors: Castro M. , Drucaroff L. , Costanzo E. , Wainsztein A. , Guinjoan S. , Villarreal M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIt is commonly accepted that in most patients with schizophrenia external factors act on genetic predisposition to produce active psychotic symptoms. In fact, we showed that patients with schizophrenia have an abnormal brain activation and peripheral autonomic response to psychological stress. We sought to characterize the brain connectivity networks of such response in schizophrenia.MethodsWe studied the pattern of brain connectivity in relation to mental arithmetic stress paradigm in 21 patients and 21 healthy subjects aged 18 to 50 years, using 3T-fMRI. A period of 6 minutes of resting state acquisition (PRE) were followed by a block design with three 1-minute CONTROL task (one digit sum), 1-minute STRESS task (two digit subtraction) and 1-minute rest after task (POST). Pairwise Pearson correlations were calculated between 90 regions of interest. Data were analyzed with MATLAB and SPSS software.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia showed a lower connectivity network between fronto-temporal limbic areas compared with control subjects during control and stress task. Moreover, we observed a great variability of link density during resting state in patients but not in controls, and it diminishes in response to task.ConclusionsPatients present abnormalities in networks related to stress response showing an alteration in fronto-temporal connectivity, and a poor and random modulation of these networks at rest. Current and previous findings suggest abnormal fronto-temporal connectivity that ultimately would lead to psychotic symptoms emergency in response to an environmental stressor and, even, could be related to hypervigilance and misattribution feeding into the paranoid cognition characteristic of patients with schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Inflammatory bowel disease symptoms and cognitive fusion's impact on psychological health: An 18-month prospective study
Authors: Trindade I.A. , Ferreira C. , Pinto-Gouveia J. 
Published: June 2017

Although inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is known to be associated with lower psychological health, research regarding which specific symptoms may lead to psychological dysfunction in IBD patients is inexistent. Further, the role played by emotion regulation, including the maladaptive process of cognitive fusion, in IBD patients’ psychological functioning is also scarcely explored in this population. The present study aimed at filling these research gaps. Two hundred and sixteen patients diagnosed with IBD filled self-report instruments on an online platform in three times. These waves of assessment occurred at baseline, and 9 and 18 months later. Results revealed that of the 10 measured IBD symptoms, only fatigue, bloody stools and abdominal distension at baseline were negatively associated patients’ level of psychological health at Wave 3. Nevertheless, a hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that none of these symptoms were significant predictors of psychological health measured 18 months later. When cognitive fusion at baseline was added to the model, it became the only significant predictor of psychological health at Wave 3, with an effect of −0.34 (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that it is not the experience of physical symptomatology that directly leads to lower psychological health in IBD patients, but rather the way patients deal with adverse internal experiences, i.e., the type of emotion regulation involved. This study reveals cognitive fusion as a harmful process for the determination of IBD patients’ psychological functioning. Future studies should thus explore the meditational effect of cognitive fusion in the association between IBD symptomatology and decreased psychological health.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.