bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capturing ultrafast molecular motions and lattice dynamics in spin crossover film using femtosecond diffraction methods
Authors: Vinci Doriana , Ridier Karl , Qi Fengfeng , Ardana-Lamas Fernando , Zalden Peter , Liu Lai Chung , Eklund Tobias , Jakobsen Mads Sielemann , Schubert Robin , Khakhulin Dmitry , Deiter Carsten , Bottin Nicolas , Yousef Hazem , von Stetten David , Łaski Piotr , Kamiński Radosław , Jarzembska Katarzyna N. , Wallick Rachel F. , Stensitzki Till , van der Veen Renske M. , Müller-Werkmeister Henrike M. , Molnár Gábor , Xiang Dao , Milne Christopher , Lorenc Maciej , Jiang Yifeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A comprehensive insight into ultrafast dynamics of photo-switchable materials is desired for efficient control of material properties through light excitation. Here, we study a polycrystalline spin crossover thin film as a prototypical example and reveal the sequential photo-switching dynamics, from local molecular rearrangement to global lattice deformation. On the earliest femtosecond timescale, the local molecular structural rearrangement occurs within a constant unit-cell volume through a two-step process, involving initial Fe−ligand bond elongation followed by ligand rotation. The highly-oriented structure of the nanocrystalline films and the experimental geometry enables resolving the full anisotropic lattice structural dynamics in and out of the sample plane separately. While both molecular switching and lattice heating influence lattice volume, they exert varying degrees of impact at disparate time scales following photoexcitation. This study highlights the opportunities provided by Mega-electron-volt electron and X-ray free electron laser to advance the understanding of ultrafast dynamics of photo-switchable materials.
Detection of human activities using multi-layer convolutional neural network
Authors: Abdellatef Essam , Al-Makhlasawy Rasha M. , Shalaby Wafaa A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Human Activity Recognition (HAR) plays a critical role in fields such as healthcare, sports, and human-computer interaction. However, achieving high accuracy and robustness remains a challenge, particularly when dealing with noisy sensor data from accelerometers and gyroscopes. This paper introduces HARCNN, a novel approach leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to extract hierarchical spatial and temporal features from raw sensor data, enhancing activity recognition performance. The HARCNN model is designed with 10 convolutional blocks, referred to as “ConvBlk.” Each block integrates a convolutional layer, a ReLU activation function, and a batch normalization layer. The outputs from specific blocks “ConvBlk_3 and ConvBlk_4,” “ConvBlk_6 and ConvBlk_7,” and “ConvBlk_9 and ConvBlk_10” are fused using a depth concatenation approach. The concatenated outputs are subsequently passed through a 2 × 2 max-pooling layer with a stride of 2 for further processing. The proposed HARCNN framework is evaluated using accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and f-score as key metrics, reflecting the model’s ability to correctly classify and differentiate between human activities. The proposed model’s performance is compared to traditional pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and other state-of-the-art techniques. By leveraging advanced feature extraction and optimized learning strategies, the proposed model demonstrates its efficacy in achieving accuracy of 97.87%, 99.12%, 96.58%, and 98.51% for various human activities datasets; UCI-HAR, KU-HAR, WISDM, and HMDB51, respectively. This comparison underscores the model’s robustness, highlighting improvements in minimizing false positives and false negatives, which are crucial for real-world applications where reliable predictions are essential. The experiments were conducted with various window sizes (50ms, 100ms, 200ms, 500ms, 1s, and 2s). The results indicate that the proposed method achieves high accuracy and reliability across these different window sizes, highlighting its ability to adapt to varying temporal granularities without significant loss of performance. This demonstrates the method’s effectiveness and robustness, making it well-suited for deployment in diverse HAR scenarios. Notably, the best results were obtained with a window size of 200ms.
Comparing the Effects of Sensory Tricks on Voice Symptoms in Patients With Laryngeal Dystonia and Essential Vocal Tremor
Authors: Dwenger Kaitlyn , Roy Nelson , Jennings Skyler G. , Smith Marshall E. , Mathy Pamela , Simonyan Kristina , Barkmeier-Kraemer Julie M. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
This pilot study systematically compared voice symptomatology across varied sensory trick conditions in those with laryngeal dystonia (LD), those with essential vocal tremor (EVT), and vocally normal controls (NCs). Sensory tricks are considered signature characteristics of dystonia and were hypothesized to reduce voice symptoms in those with LD compared to EVT and NC groups.

Method:
Five participants from each group (LD, EVT, and NC) completed speech recordings under control and sensory trick conditions (delayed auditory feedback [DAF], vibrotactile stimulation [VTS], and nasoendoscopic recordings with and without topical anesthesia). Comparisons between groups and conditions were made using (a) a paired-comparison paradigm (control vs. sensory condition) listener ratings of voice quality, (b) participant-perceived vocal effort ratings, and (c) average smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS).

Results:
Participants with EVT displayed significantly worse listener ratings under most sensory trick conditions, whereas participants with LD were rated significantly worse for DAF and VTS conditions only. However, participant vocal effort ratings were similar across all sensory trick conditions. Average CPPS values generally supported listener ratings across conditions and speakers except during DAF, wherein CPPS values increased (i.e., measurably improved voice quality), whereas listener ratings indicated worsened voice quality for both voice disorder groups.

Conclusions:
Outcomes of this study did not support the hypothesized influences of sensory trick conditions on LD voice symptoms, with both LD and EVT groups experiencing worsened symptoms under VTS and DAF conditions. These adverse effects on voice symptoms warrant further research to further evaluate neural pathways and associated sensorimotor response patterns that distinguish individuals with LD and EVT.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28462292
Estimation of the impact of solar flare spectra on the Earth’s ionosphere using the GAIA model
Authors: Kitajima Shinnosuke , Watanabe Kyoko , Jin Hidekatsu , Tao Chihiro , Nishioka Michi 
Published: February 2025

The rapid increase in X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emissions owing to solar flares enhances ionization in the ionosphere, increasing radio wave attenuation. Among these phenomena, the shortwave communication disturbance caused by the increased electron density in the ionospheric D region is known as the shortwave fadeout (SWF). We investigated the relationship between SWF's magnitude and solar flare emission, and evaluated the electron density variation in the ionospheric D region associated with flare. We defined the minimum frequency (fmin) observed in Japan’s ionograms as the SWF’s magnitude. We analyzed ionosonde data for 38 SWF events observed during daytime in Japan between May 2010 and May 2014. To investigate the relationship between flares and SWF, we compared the observed X-ray and EUV emissions during flares with the dfmin (background subtracted fmin). X-ray (0.1-0.8 nm) and EUV (11-14 nm) emissions correlate with dfmin. Then, using the GAIA model, a numerical model that treats the entire Earth’s atmosphere, we investigated the effect of the ray and EUV solar flare emissions on the ionosphere, which affects the SWF. The results showed that the main ionization source in the ionospheric D region was X-ray emission, and shortwaves were attenuated by ∼90 %. In contrast, in the ionospheric E and F regions, the primary ionization source was EUV emission, with only ∼10 % shortwave attenuation. Finally, we estimated the fmin values and blackout (total fadeout of the ionospheric echo observed in ionograms) and compared the simulated and observed fmin values. The hit rate of blackouts was 35 % when we only used the GAIA calculations. Therefore, we estimated fmin using the electron density variation in the ionospheric D region corresponding to X-ray solar emission. As a result, the hit rate of the blackout was 68 %, and the linear correlation coefficient between the simulated and observed fmin values was 0.85. The estimated magnitude of the SWF was improved by incorporating the effects of X-ray emissions into the ionospheric D region of GAIA. We are the first to implement a method for evaluating the electron density in the ionospheric D region using the fmin value.
Comparison of Analytical Methods for the Validation of the Sterility of Autologous Serum Eye Drops
Authors: Blaser Frank , Meneau Isabelle , Schneider Jana , Wiedler Jürg , Hinrikson Hanspeter , Barthelmes Daniel , Zweifel Sandrine , Bajka Anahita , Said Sadiq , Wiest Maximilian Robert Justus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Purpose For specific samples, there are different methods and requirements for testing sterility. Blood and blood products are analyzed using automated blood culture methods, while pharmacopeial sterility is assessed using membrane filtration or direct inoculation according to the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur. 2.6.1.) to detect microbial growth. As autologous serum eye drops (ASEDs) may be viewed as both a blood product and a classical drug, the Swiss legislator has classified these as non-standardizable drugs, and thus, the pharmacopeial requirements apply. This study investigates ASED preparations with respect to the performance of a common automated blood culture system, BD BACTEC, in detecting aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and fungi in ASED preparations, with pharmacopeial sterility testing using agar plate cultures.
Methods Based on the European Pharmacopoeia, we inoculated sterile filtered blood serum with BioBalls of the six reference strains at a low concentration of three colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). A test battery of three different BD BACTEC culture media (hereafter referred to as Trio-BACTEC : BD BACTEC Plus Aerobic/F-Medium, BD BACTEC Lytic/10 Anaerobic/F-Medium, BD BACTEC Mycosis IC/F-Medium) and three agar plates [Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), Chocolate Blood Agar, Sabouraudʼs Dextrose Agar] were inoculated per strain. We incubated the Trio- BACTEC in the BD BACTEC Blood Culture System at 35 °C for 5 days, the TSA and Chocolate plates at 35 °C for 5 days, and the Sabouraud plates at 25 °C for 7 days. We confirmed positive growth signals by microscopy or MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry and included negative controls.
Results We detected all reference strains using BACTEC and agar plates. No growth was observed in the negative controls. Overall, growth detection by BACTEC and agar plates was comparable, except for Aspergillus brasiliensis and Candida albicans, which was detected after 1 day on solid media and after 2 days on BACTEC.
Conclusion This study demonstrates the comparability of sensitivity and detection speed using the automated blood culture method and agar plates for sterility validation of ASED, even at low bacterial and fungal contamination levels.
Beyond guilt: deploying ‘Lived Experience’ for solidarity and social change
Authors: Moore-Ponce Jody 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
‘Lived experience’ is a pivotal concept in activism, highlighting the rights of marginalised individuals to share their stories and gain recognition within broader societal discourse. Social movements and social justice activism have leveraged the knowledge derived from marginalised ‘lived experience’ to challenge systemic authority, disrupt neoliberal hegemony, and amplify silenced voices. However, contemporary discourse often calls on activists to either ‘speak their truth’ about marginalisation or confess their privilege, depending on their positionality. This paper examines the role of ‘lived experience’ in activism through twenty in-depth qualitative interviews with activists, integrating historical and genealogical insights on ‘parrhesia’ (truth-telling) and ‘confession’. By addressing concepts such as ‘dysphoric guilt’, this study explores how ‘lived experience’ can be harnessed to inspire solidarity and drive political and societal ‘transformative action’.
Frequency-resolved high-pressure transient absorption spectroscopy based on a double-chopper configuration
Authors: Cheng Zi-Qian , Yin Xiao-Shuang , Yang Liu-Xiang , Dong Hui 
Published: February 2025

Dynamics of materials under high-pressure conditions has been an important focus of materials science, especially in the timescale of pico- and femto-second electronic and vibrational motion, which is typically probed by ultrafast laser pulses. To probe such dynamics, it requires an integration of high-pressure devices with the ultrafast laser system. The combination of transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy with diamond anvil cells (DACs) is a novel solution, yet the intense pump scattering light resulting from the small cross section of the DAC may limit the spectral range of the detected signal. In this work, we construct a unique frequency-resolved high-pressure TA spectroscopy system based on a double-chopper configuration, which allows for real-time scattering noise collection and effective elimination. This enables us to freely select the pump wavelength based on the sample’s dynamics and obtain complete spectral signals. We test a system with a Rhodamine B solution with the probe wavelength range of 450–750 nm and the 550 nm pump and observe that the intensity of the signal peak corresponding to the monomer at 560 nm continuously decreased relative to the signal peak corresponding to the dimer at 530 nm. This indicates that the portion of Rhodamine B molecules in the dimer form increases under increasing pressure. In addition, we find two dynamic components of the signal peaks for both monomer and dimer: the short-lifetime component increases as the pressure is increased, and the long-lifetime component decreases.
New Hausdorff-type dimensions and optimal bounds for bilipschitz invariant dimensions*
Authors: Balka Richárd , Keleti Tamás 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We introduce a new family of fractal dimensions by restricting the set of diameters in the coverings in the usual definition of the Hausdorff dimension. Among others, we prove that this family contains continuum many distinct dimensions, and they share most of the properties of the Hausdorff dimension, which answers negatively a question of Fraser. On the other hand, we also prove that among these new dimensions only the Hausdorff dimension behaves nicely with respect to Hölder functions. We also consider the supremum of these new dimensions, which turns out to be another interesting notion of fractal dimension. We prove that among those bilipschitz invariant, monotone dimensions on the compact subsets of

R

n

that agree with the similarity dimension for the simplest self-similar sets, the modified lower dimension is the smallest and when n = 1 the Assouad dimension is the greatest, and this latter statement is false for n > 1. This answers a question of Rutar.
Prospects for Systematic Planetary Nebulae Detection with the Census of the Local Universe Narrowband Survey
Authors: Du Rong , Cook David O. , Bhattacharjee Soumyadeep , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. , Fremling Christoffer , Kaplan David L. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Laher Russ R. , Masci Frank J. , Shupe David L. , Zhang Chaoran 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We investigate the efficacy of a systematic planetary nebula (PN) search in the Census of the Local Universe (CLU) narrowband (Hα) survey that covers a considerably larger sky region of above decl. −20° than most previous surveys. Using PNe observed by the Isaac Newton Telescope Photometric Hα Survey as validation, we are able to visually recover 432 out of 441 cataloged PNe (98%) within the CLU data set, with 5 sources having unusable CLU images and 4 missed due to limitations of imaging quality. Moreover, the reference PNe are conventionally divided into three PN classes in decreasing order of identification confidence given their spectra and morphologies. We record consistently high recovery rate across all classes: 95% of True, 71% of Likely, and 81% of Possible sources are readily recovered. To further demonstrate the ability of CLU to find new PNe, we undertake a preliminary search of compact PNe within a sub-region of the validation catalog, mainly utilizing the significance of narrow-band colors (Σ) as a metric for identification. In a 200 deg2 region, we search the CLU source catalog and find 31 PN candidates after automated and visual scrutiny, of which 12 are new sources not appearing in previous studies. As a demonstration of our ongoing follow-up campaign, we present medium-resolution optical spectra of six candidates and notice that four of them show emission signatures characteristic of confirmed PNe. As we refine our selection methods, CLU promises to provide a systematic catalog of PNe spanning 2/3 of the sky.
Parameter-dependent cell-type specific effects of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation in an awake head-fixed rodent model
Authors: Ramachandran Sandhya , Gao Huan , Yttri Eric , Yu Kai , He Bin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objective.&#xD;Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a promising neuromodulation technique able to target shallow and deep brain structures with high precision. Previous studies have demonstrated that tFUS stimulation responses are cell-type specific, specifically tFUS can elicit time-locked neural activity in regular spiking units (RSUs) that is sensitive to increases in pulse repetition frequency (PRF), while time-locked responses are not seen in fast spiking units (FSUs). These findings suggest a unique capability of tFUS to alter circuit network dynamics with cell-type specificity; however, these results could be biased by the use of anesthesia, which significantly modulates neural activities. &#xD;Approach. In this study we developed an awake head-fixed rat model specifically designed for simultaneous tFUS stimulation using a customized 128-element ultrasound array transducer, and recording of spiking data. Using this novel animal model, we examined a series of PRFs and burst duty cycles (DCs) to determine their effects on neuronal subpopulations without anesthesia.&#xD;Main Results.&#xD;We observed cell type specific responses to varying PRF and DC in the awake setting as well as the anesthetized setting, with time locked responses observed in RSU and delayed responses in FSU. Anesthesia broadly was found to dampen responses to tFUS, and affected the latency of delayed responses. Preferred parameters for inducing time-locked responses appear to be 1500 Hz PRF and 60% DC. &#xD;Significance. We conclude that despite some differences in response, isoflurane anesthesia is not a major confound in studying the cell-type specificity of ultrasound neuromodulation, but may affect studies of circuit dynamics and FSU. Our developed awake model will allow for future investigations without this confound.
Stabilization of Ce3+ cations via U-Ce charge transfer in mixed oxides: consequences on the thermochemical water splitting to hydrogen
Authors: Morales Carlos , Tschammer Rudi , Gouder Thomas , Choi YongMan , Anjum Dalaver , Baunthiyal Aman , Krisponeit Jon-Olaf , Falta Jens , Flege Jan Ingo , Idriss Hicham 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The work's objective is to enhance the generation of H2 via the thermochemical water splitting (TCWS) reaction over nanocrystalline mixed oxide Ce1-xUxO2. While CeO2 is the most active and stable known reducible oxide for the TCWS reaction, it is below par to make it practical. This has motivated many works to enhance its reduction capacity and therefore increase its activity. In this work the presence of both metal cations (Ce4+ and U4+) has allowed for the charge transfer reaction to occur (Ce4+ + U4+ → Ce3+ + U5+) and therefore increased its capacity to generate oxygen vacancies, VO (2 Ce3+ + VO), needed for the TCWS reaction. Test reactions on the polycrystalline mixed oxides indicated that small atomic percentages of U (<10 %) were found to be optimal for H2 production due to a considerable increase of Ce3+ states. Further studies of the Ce-U interaction were performed on thin epitaxial Ce1-xUxO2 (111) films of about 6 nm deep. In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed clear evidences of charge transfer at low U content. Moreover, it was found that while increasing the content of U decreased the charge transfer efficiency it protected reduced Ce3+ from being oxidized. Our computational results using the DFT + U method gave evidence of charge transfer at 3.5 and 6.2 at.% of U. In agreement with experiments, theoretical calculations also showed that the charge transfer is sensitive to the distribution of U4+ around the Ce4+ cations, which in turn affected the creation of VO needed for water splitting. Our results point out to the important yet often neglected effect of statistical entropy (cations distribution in the lattice), in addition to composition, in increasing the density of reduced states and consequently enhancing H2 production from water.&#xD;
Intestinal fibrosis associated with inflammatory bowel disease: Known and unknown
Authors: Zhang Yao , Zhuang Haiming , Chen Kai , Zhao Yizhou , Wang Danshu , Ran Taojing , Zou Duowu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a major complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to a high incidence of surgical interventions and significant disability. Despite its clinical relevance, no targeted pharmacological therapies are currently available. This review aims to explore the underlying mechanisms driving intestinal fibrosis and address unresolved scientific questions, offering insights into potential future therapeutic strategies. We conducted a literature review using data from PubMed up to October 2024, focusing on studies related to IBD and fibrosis. Intestinal fibrosis results from a complex network involving stromal cells, immune cells, epithelial cells, and the gut microbiota. Chronic inflammation, driven by factors such as dysbiosis, epithelial injury, and immune activation, leads to the production of cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. These mediators activate various stromal cell populations, including fibroblasts, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells. The activated stromal cells secrete excessive extracellular matrix components, thereby promoting fibrosis. Additionally, stromal cells influence the immune microenvironment through cytokine production. Future research would focus on elucidating the temporal and spatial relationships between immune cell-driven inflammation and stromal cell-mediated fibrosis. Additionally, investigations are needed to clarify the differentiation origins of excessive extracellular matrix-producing cells, particularly fibroblast activation protein (FAP)+ fibroblasts, in the context of intestinal fibrosis. In conclusion, aberrant stromal cell activation, triggered by upstream immune signals, is a key mechanism underlying intestinal fibrosis. Further investigations into immune–stromal cell interactions and stromal cell activation are essential for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent, alleviate, and potentially reverse fibrosis.