bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steep Decay Phase Shaped by the Curvature Effect. II. Spectral Evolution
Authors: Lin Da-Bin , Mu Hui-Jun , Liang Yun-Feng , Liu Tong , Gu Wei-Min , Lu Rui-Jing , Wang Xiang-Gao , Liang En-Wei 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We derive a simple analytical formula to describe the evolution of spectral index β in the steep decay phase shaped by the curvature effect with the assumption that the spectral parameters and Lorentz factor of the jet shell are the same for different latitudes. Here, the value of β is estimated in the 0.3−10 keV energy band. For a spherical thin shell with a cutoff power-law (CPL) intrinsic radiation spectrum, the spectral evolution can be read as a linear function of observer time. For the situation with the Band function intrinsic radiation spectrum, the spectral evolution may be complex. If the observed break energy of the radiation spectrum is larger than 10 keV, the spectral evolution is the same as that shaped by jet shells with a CPL spectrum. If the observed break energy is less than 0.3 keV, the value of β would be a constant. For others, the spectral evolution can be approximated as a logarithmal function of the observer time in general.
Study on Precursor Activity of the X1.6 Flare in the Great AR 12192 with SDO, IRIS, and Hinode
Authors: Bamba Yumi , Lee Kyoung-Sun , Imada Shinsuke , Kusano Kanya 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The physical properties and their contribution to the onset of a solar flare are still uncleare even though chromospheric brightening is considered a precursor phenomenon of a flare. Many studies suggested that photospheric magnetic field changes cause destabilization of large-scale coronal structure. We aim to understand how a small photospheric change contributes to a flare and to reveal how the intermediary chromosphere behaves in the precursor phase. We analyzed the precursor brightening of the X1.6 flare on 2014 October 22 in the AR 12192 using the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) data. We investigated a localized jet with the strong precursor brightening, and compared the intensity, Doppler velocity, and line width in C ii, Mg ii k, and Si iv lines by IRIS and He ii, Fe xii, and Fe xv lines by Hinode/EIS. We also analyzed the photospheric magnetic field and chromospheric/coronal structures using the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. We found a significant blueshift (∼100 km s−1), which is related to the strong precursor brightening over a characteristic magnetic field structure, and the blueshift was observed at all of the temperatures. This might indicate that the flow is accelerated by Lorentz force. Moreover, the large-scale coronal loop that connects the foot points of the flare ribbons was destabilized just after the precursor brightening with the blueshift. It suggests that magnetic reconnection locally occurred in the lower chromosphere and it triggered magnetic reconnection of the X1.6 flare in the corona.
Solution of Heliospheric Propagation: Unveiling the Local Interstellar Spectra of Cosmic-ray Species
Authors: Boschini M. J. , Torre S. Della , Gervasi M. , Grandi D. , Jóhannesson G. , Kachelriess M. , Vacca G. La , Masi N. , Moskalenko I. V. , Orlando E. , Ostapchenko S. S. , Pensotti S. , Porter T. A. , Quadrani L. , Rancoita P. G. , Rozza D. , Tacconi M. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Local interstellar spectra (LIS) for protons, helium, and antiprotons are built using the most recent experimental results combined with state-of-the-art models for propagation in the Galaxy and heliosphere. Two propagation packages, GALPROP and HelMod, are combined to provide a single framework that is run to reproduce direct measurements of cosmic-ray (CR) species at different modulation levels and at both polarities of the solar magnetic field. To do so in a self-consistent way, an iterative procedure was developed, where the GALPROP LIS output is fed into HelMod, providing modulated spectra for specific time periods of selected experiments to compare with the data; the HelMod parameter optimization is performed at this stage and looped back to adjust the LIS using the new GALPROP run. The parameters were tuned with the maximum likelihood procedure using an extensive data set of proton spectra from 1997 to 2015. The proposed LIS accommodate both the low-energy interstellar CR spectra measured by Voyager 1 and the high-energy observations by BESS, Pamela, AMS-01, and AMS-02 made from the balloons and near-Earth payloads; it also accounts for Ulysses counting rate features measured out of the ecliptic plane. The found solution is in a good agreement with proton, helium, and antiproton data by AMS-02, BESS, and PAMELA in the whole energy range.
Mass-loss Rates from Coronal Mass Ejections: A Predictive Theoretical Model for Solar-type Stars
Authors: Cranmer Steven R. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are eruptive events that cause a solar-type star to shed mass and magnetic flux. CMEs tend to occur together with flares, radio storms, and bursts of energetic particles. On the Sun, CME-related mass loss is roughly an order of magnitude less intense than that of the background solar wind. However, on other types of stars, CMEs have been proposed to carry away much more mass and energy than the time-steady wind. Earlier papers have used observed correlations between solar CMEs and flare energies, in combination with stellar flare observations, to estimate stellar CME rates. This paper sidesteps flares and attempts to calibrate a more fundamental correlation between surface-averaged magnetic fluxes and CME properties. For the Sun, there exists a power-law relationship between the magnetic filling factor and the CME kinetic energy flux, and it is generalized for use on other stars. An example prediction of the time evolution of wind/CME mass-loss rates for a solar-mass star is given. A key result is that for ages younger than about 1 Gyr (i.e., activity levels only slightly higher than the present-day Sun), the CME mass loss exceeds that of the time-steady wind. At younger ages, CMEs carry 10–100 times more mass than the wind, and such high rates may be powerful enough to dispel circumstellar disks and affect the habitability of nearby planets. The cumulative CME mass lost by the young Sun may have been as much as 1% of a solar mass.
The Hierarchical Distribution of the Young Stellar Clusters in Six Local Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Grasha K. , Calzetti D. , Adamo A. , Kim H. , Elmegreen B. G. , Gouliermis D. A. , Dale D. A. , Fumagalli M. , Grebel E. K. , Johnson K. E. , Kahre L. , Kennicutt R. C. , Messa M. , Pellerin A. , Ryon J. E. , Smith L. J. , Shabani F. , Thilker D. , Ubeda L. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We present a study of the hierarchical clustering of the young stellar clusters in six local (3–15 Mpc) star-forming galaxies using Hubble Space Telescope broadband WFC3/UVIS UV and optical images from the Treasury Program LEGUS (Legacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey). We identified 3685 likely clusters and associations, each visually classified by their morphology, and we use the angular two-point correlation function to study the clustering of these stellar systems. We find that the spatial distribution of the young clusters and associations are clustered with respect to each other, forming large, unbound hierarchical star-forming complexes that are in general very young. The strength of the clustering decreases with increasing age of the star clusters and stellar associations, becoming more homogeneously distributed after ∼40–60 Myr and on scales larger than a few hundred parsecs. In all galaxies, the associations exhibit a global behavior that is distinct and more strongly correlated from compact clusters. Thus, populations of clusters are more evolved than associations in terms of their spatial distribution, traveling significantly from their birth site within a few tens of Myr, whereas associations show evidence of disruption occurring very quickly after their formation. The clustering of the stellar systems resembles that of a turbulent interstellar medium that drives the star formation process, correlating the components in unbound star-forming complexes in a hierarchical manner, dispersing shortly after formation, suggestive of a single, continuous mode of star formation across all galaxies.
Characterizing Dust Attenuation in Local Star-forming Galaxies: Near-infrared Reddening and Normalization
Authors: Battisti A. J. , Calzetti D. , Chary R.-R. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We characterize the near-infrared dust attenuation for a sample of ∼5500 local (

) star-forming galaxies and obtain an estimate of their average total-to-selective attenuation

. We utilize data from the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope and the Two-Micron All Sky Survey, which is combined with previously measured UV–optical data for these galaxies. The average attenuation curve is slightly lower in the far-ultraviolet than in local starburst galaxies by roughly 15% but appears similar at longer wavelengths with a total-to-selective normalization of

. Under the assumption of energy balance, the total attenuated energy inferred from this curve is found to be broadly consistent with the observed infrared dust emission (

) in a small sample of local galaxies for which far-infrared measurements are available. However, the significant scatter in this quantity among the sample may reflect large variations in the attenuation properties of individual galaxies. We also derive the attenuation curve for subpopulations of the main sample, separated according to mean stellar population age (via

), specific star formation rate, stellar mass, and metallicity, and find that they show only tentative trends with low significance, at least over the range that is probed by our sample. These results indicate that a single curve is reasonable for applications seeking to broadly characterize large samples of galaxies in the local universe, while applications to individual galaxies would yield large uncertainties and is not recommended.
Gigahertz-peaked Spectra Pulsars and Thermal Absorption Model
Authors: Kijak J. , Basu R. , Lewandowski W. , Rożko K. , Dembska M. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We present the results of our radio interferometric observations of pulsars at 325 and 610 MHz using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. We used the imaging method to estimate the flux densities of several pulsars at these radio frequencies. The analysis of the shapes of the pulsar spectra allowed us to identify five new gigahertz-peaked spectra (GPS) pulsars. Using the hypothesis that the spectral turnovers are caused by thermal free–free absorption in the interstellar medium, we modeled the spectra of all known objects of this kind. Using the model, we were able to put some observational constraints on the physical parameters of the absorbing matter, which allows us to distinguish between the possible sources of absorption. We also discuss the possible effects of the existence of GPS pulsars on future search surveys, showing that the optimal frequency range for finding such objects would be from a few GHz (for regular GPS sources) to possibly 10 GHz for pulsars and radio magnetars exhibiting very strong absorption.
Evidence from K2 for Rapid Rotation in the Descendant of an Intermediate-mass Star
Authors: Hermes J. J. , Kawaler Steven D. , Romero A. D. , Kepler S. O. , Tremblay P.-E. , Bell Keaton J. , Dunlap B. H. , Montgomery M. H. , Gänsicke B. T. , Clemens J. C. , Dennihy E. , Redfield S. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Using patterns in the oscillation frequencies of a white dwarf observed by K2, we have measured the fastest rotation rate (1.13 ± 0.02 hr) of any isolated pulsating white dwarf known to date. Balmer-line fits to follow-up spectroscopy from the SOAR telescope show that the star (SDSSJ0837+1856, EPIC 211914185) is a

K, 0.87 ± 0.03 M
⊙ white dwarf. This is the highest mass measured for any pulsating white dwarf with known rotation, suggesting a possible link between high mass and fast rotation. If it is the product of single-star evolution, its progenitor was a roughly 4.0 M
⊙ main-sequence B star; we know very little about the angular momentum evolution of such intermediate-mass stars. We explore the possibility that this rapidly rotating white dwarf is the byproduct of a binary merger, which we conclude is unlikely given the pulsation periods observed.
Measuring Disease Exacerbation and Flares in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Comparison of Commonly Used Disease Activity Indices and Individual Measures
Authors: Voshaar Martijn A.H. Oude , Moghadam Marjan Ghiti , Vonkeman Harald E. , ten Klooster Peter M. , van Schaardenburg Dirkjan , Tekstra Janneke , Visser Henk , van de Laar Mart A.F.J. , Jansen Tim L. 
Published: May 2017

Objective.To evaluate and compare the utility of commonly used outcome measures for assessing disease exacerbation or flare in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Data from the Dutch Potential Optimalisation of (Expediency) and Effectiveness of Tumor necrosis factor-α blockers (POET) study, in which 462 patients discontinued their tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor, were used. The ability of different measures to discriminate between those with and without physician-reported flare or medication escalation at the 3-month visit (T2) was evaluated by calculating effect size (ES) statistics. Responsiveness to increased disease activity was compared between measures by standardizing change scores (SCS) from baseline to the 3-month visit. Finally, the incremental validity of individual outcome measures beyond the Simplified Disease Activity Score was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.Results.The SCS were greater for disease activity indices than for any of the individual measures. The 28-joint Disease Activity Score, Clinical Disease Activity Index, and Simplified Disease Activity Index performed similarly. Pain and physician’s (PGA) and patient’s global assessment (PtGA) of disease activity were the most responsive individual measures. Similar results were obtained for discriminative ability, with greatest ES for disease activity indices followed by pain, PGA, and PtGA. Pain was the only measure to demonstrate incremental validity beyond SDAI in predicting 3-month flare status.Conclusion.These results support the use of composite disease activity indices, patient-reported pain and disease activity, and physician-reported disease activity for measuring disease exacerbation or identifying flares of RA. Physical function, acute-phase response, and the auxiliary measures fatigue, participation, and emotional well-being performed poorly.
Longterm Hydroxychloroquine Therapy and Low-dose Aspirin May Have an Additive Effectiveness in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Fasano Serena , Pierro Luciana , Pantano Ilenia , Iudici Michele , Valentini Gabriele 
Published: May 2017

Objective.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thromboprophylaxis with low-dose aspirin (ASA) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) seems promising in SLE. We investigated the effects of HCQ cumulative dosages (c-HCQ) and the possible synergistic efficacy of ASA and HCQ in preventing a first CV event (CVE) in patients with SLE.Methods.Patients consecutively admitted to our center who, at admission, satisfied the 1997 American College of Rheumatology and/or 2012 Systemic Lupus Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for SLE, and had not experienced any CVE, were enrolled. The occurrence of a thrombotic event, use of ASA, and c-HCQ were recorded. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine the c-HCQ associated with a lower incidence of CVE. Cox regression analysis served to identify factors associated with a first CVE.Results.For the study, 189 patients with SLE were enrolled and monitored for 13 years (median). Ten CVE occurred during followup. At Kaplan-Meier analysis, the CVE-free rate was higher in ASA-treated patients administered a c-HCQ > 600 g (standard HCQ dose for at least 5 yrs) than in patients receiving ASA alone, or with a c-HCQ dose < 600 g (log-rank test chi-square = 4.01, p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis showed that antimalarials plus ASA protected against thrombosis (HR 0.041 and HR 0.047, respectively), while antiphospholipid antibodies (HR 17.965) and hypertension (HR 18.054) increased the risk of a first CVE.Conclusion.Our results suggest that prolonged use of HCQ plus ASA is thromboprotective in SLE and provides additional evidence for its continued use in patients with SLE.
Importance of Obtaining Remission for Work Productivity and Activity of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kim Dam , Kaneko Yuko , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: May 2017

Objective.To identify the factors relevant to work and activity impairment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Methods.In total, 1274 consecutive patients were included. Work and activity impairment were measured by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire, and related clinical factors were examined.Results.Work and activity impairment was reported by 67.4% of the patients. Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed pain and non-remission to be associated with activity impairment and presenteeism. Patients in remission had significantly less activity impairment and presenteeism than those with low disease activity.Conclusion.Remission achievement is essential for ensuring work performance and activity.
Determining decoupling points in a supply chain networks using NSGA II algorithm
Authors: Ebrahimiarjestan Mina , Wang Guoxin 
Published: May 2017

Purpose: In the model, we used the concepts of Lee and Amaral (2002) and Tang and Zhou (2009) and offer a multi-criteria decision-making model that identify the decoupling points to aim to minimize production costs, minimize the product delivery time to customer and maximize their satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach: We encounter with a triple-objective model that meta-heuristic method (NSGA II) is used to solve the model and to identify the Pareto optimal points. The max (min) method was used.Findings: Our results of using NSGA II to find Pareto optimal solutions demonstrate good performance of NSGA II to extract Pareto solutions in proposed model that considers determining of decoupling point in a supply network.Originality/value: So far, several approaches to model the future have been proposed, of course, each of them modeled a part of this concept. This concept has been considered more general in the model that defined in follow. In this model, we face with a multi-criteria decision problem that includes minimization of the production costs and product delivery time to customers as well as customer consistency maximization.
Condicionantes da Arrecadação Tributária: Uma análise para os Municípios de Minas Gerais
Authors: Vieira Michelle Aparecida , Abrantes Luiz Antonio , De Almeida Fernanda Maria , Da Silva Tarrara Alves , Ferreira Marco Aurélio Marques 
Published: May 2017

Objetivando conhecer quais características municipais influenciam na arrecadação tributária própria dos municípios mineiros, o referencial bibliográfico desse artigo versa sobre o federalismo e a descentralização, indicando variáveis apontadas na literatura como condicionantes da arrecadação tributária municipal. A arrecadação própria depende principalmente das bases tributáveis no município e das alíquotas que incidem sobre essas bases. Assim, a renda do município, bem como o peso das atividades urbanas e o grau de formalização da atividade econômica, determinam o tamanho dessa base tributária e consequentemente, o montante de recursos arrecadados. Para analisar as características municipais, foram levantados dados secundários relativos à capacidade fiscal dos municípios de Minas Gerais para o ano de 2010, tendo em vista a disponibilidade de dados para este ano. Foi utilizada a Análise Fatorial para agrupar as variáveis, e a Regressão Quantílica (RQ) para verificar o efeito desses nos diferentes estágios de Arrecadação Própria Municipal (APM). Foram obtidos três fatores: “Aspectos Econômicos”; “Aspectos Estruturais” e “Aspectos Financeiros”, os quais agruparam as variáveis de acordo com a correlação apresentada entre elas. Com a RQ pôde-se perceber que esses fatores afetam de forma diferente os quantis de APM (q.10; q.25; q.50; q.75 e q.90), sendo que os maiores coeficientes são atribuídos a maiores níveis de arrecadação, demonstrando que esses fatores são mais influentes em municípios de arrecadação própria mais alta. Conhecer os condicionantes da arrecadação própria dos municípios permite à gestão pública implementar ações que evitem a ineficiência arrecadatória, fomentando as principais atividades econômicas que compõem a sua base de tributação.
Air–water CO2 evasion from US East Coast estuaries
Authors: Laruelle Goulven Gildas , Goossens Nicolas , Arndt Sandra , Cai Wei-Jun , Regnier Pierre 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. This study presents the first regional-scale assessment of estuarine CO2 evasion along the US East Coast (25–45° N). The focus is on 42 tidal estuaries, which together drain a catchment of 697 000 km2 or 76 % of the total area within this latitudinal band. The approach is based on the Carbon–Generic Estuary Model (C-GEM) that allows the simulation of hydrodynamics, transport, and biogeochemistry for a wide range of estuarine systems using readily available geometric parameters and global databases of seasonal climatic, hydraulic, and riverine biogeochemical information. Our simulations, performed using conditions representative of the year 2000, suggest that, together, US East Coast estuaries emit 1.9 Tg C yr−1 in the form of CO2, which corresponds to about 40 % of the carbon inputs from rivers, marshes, and mangroves. Carbon removal within estuaries results from a combination of physical (outgassing of supersaturated riverine waters) and biogeochemical processes (net heterotrophy and nitrification). The CO2 evasion and its underlying drivers show important variations across individual systems, but reveal a clear latitudinal pattern characterized by a decrease in the relative importance of physical over biogeochemical processes along a north–south gradient. Finally, the results reveal that the ratio of estuarine surface area to the river discharge, S∕Q (which has a scale of per meter discharged water per year), could be used as a predictor of the estuarine carbon processing in future regional- and global-scale assessments.
Subordinated Binomial Option Pricing with Stochastic Arrival Intensity and Untraded Underlying Asset
Authors: Chang Carolyn W. , Chang Jack S.K. 
Published: May 2017

We extend the subordinated binomial option pricing model with stochastic arrival intensity (Chang, Chang and Lu, 2010) to allow for untraded underlying assets by using matching futures prices to imply out the underlying asset values. We empirically apply the model to VIX option pricing vis-à-vis the original model with constant arrival intensity (Chang, Chang and Tian, 2006) using a two-year set of daily VIX options and futures data to specifically examine the efficacy of adding stochastic arrival intensity and untraded underlying assets. We find that the extended version significantly outperforms the original model both in sample and out-of-sample in terms of the MSE, with pricing error reduction about 37% and 32%, respectively, and additionally the outperformance is robust to the selection of the constant arrival intensity level. We attribute the outperformance to the extended model’s incorporation of the stylized effects of mean-reversion and clustering in intensity arrivals as well as of the information content conveyed by the matching futures prices.