bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les coûts des troubles mentaux en milieu de travail peuvent-ils être réduits ?
Authors: Dewa Carolyn S. 
Published: November 2017

Le Forum économique mondial estime que, d’ici 2030, les coûts mondiaux des troubles mentaux devraient atteindre six mille milliards de dollars ; environ deux tiers de ces coûts seront attribués à la perte de productivité liée à l’incapacité. Cet article bref, examine les facteurs liés aux coûts de la maladie mentale en milieu de travail, identifie certains des éléments du milieu de travail qui pourraient être ciblés pour réduire les coûts et examine des exemples de types d’interventions en milieu de travail qui peuvent réduire les coûts.
Il existe au moins deux approches principales pour réduire les coûts relatifs aux troubles mentaux en milieu de travail. La première vise à réduire la prévalence des troubles mentaux chez les travailleurs ainsi que l’incidence des absences maladie. La seconde approche est de permettre un plus grand accès aux traitements requis. Ensemble, ces approches permettraient de réduire les coûts de façon significative, notamment en créant un climat de soutien et de solidarité dans les milieux de travail.
Troubles mentaux et accommodement raisonnable au travail : les potentialités du droit québécois
Authors: Laflamme Anne-Marie 
Published: November 2017

Le travail constitue un puissant vecteur d’intégration sociale pour les personnes souffrant de troubles de santé mentale, en plus de leur procurer des bénéfices thérapeutiques. Pourtant, celles-ci demeurent encore largement exclues du marché du travail. Les obstacles à leur pleine participation résident dans les préjugés dont elles sont victimes et la nécessité d’adapter le travail à leurs besoins et à leurs capacités. Au Canada, l’approche des droits fondamentaux et, en particulier, l’obligation d’accommodement raisonnable sont bien ancrées dans la jurisprudence depuis le milieu des années 1980. De nature constitutionnelle, cette obligation de portée étendue n’est limitée que par la preuve d’une contrainte excessive. Elle force ainsi les milieux de travail à prendre en compte la réalité des personnes handicapées, notamment celle des personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux. À partir d’une étude de la jurisprudence québécoise, cet article explore les potentialités de cette obligation d’accommodement afin de favoriser l’accès et le maintien en emploi des personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux. Selon cette étude, l’obligation d’accommodement impose une démarche novatrice qui tient compte de la situation particulière de la personne handicapée et qui implique la participation de toutes les parties prenantes. Par la mise en place de mesures visant la modification de l’environnement psychosocial du travail, elle ouvre la voie à des pratiques favorisant la prévention primaire des troubles de santé mentale, au bénéfice de tous.
Vers une compréhension de la stigmatisation : quel est le stéréotype associé à la schizophrénie ?
Authors: Yvon Florence , Prouteau Antoinette 
Published: November 2017

La stigmatisation des personnes souffrant d’un trouble du spectre schizophrénique a pour origine l’existence d’un stéréotype associé à une catégorie sociale, ici la schizophrénie. L’objectif de cet article bref est de proposer une courte synthèse de la littérature récente ayant exploré le contenu du stéréotype associé à la schizophrénie, en anglais et en français, et de proposer des perspectives de recherche basées sur les évolutions récentes de ce domaine.
Le stéréotype associé à la maladie mentale en général est clairement négatif. Le modèle le plus répandu dans la littérature postule l’existence de quatre facteurs qui en constituent le contenu : attribution de la responsabilité de la maladie, dangerosité, faible pronostic, imprévisibilité et incompétence dans les rôles sociaux. Si le stéréotype peut varier selon les pays, il est clairement associé à la discrimination et au désir de mettre les personnes à distance socialement. Le stéréotype diffère également entre les maladies mentales. En comparaison aux troubles bipolaires ou à l’autisme, la schizophrénie concentre les aspects les plus négatifs du stéréotype associé à la maladie mentale, notamment en termes de dangerosité et de distance sociale.
L’étude du stéréotype, en pleine expansion, demande encore des études spécifiques et la mise à l’épreuve des modèles non validés, pourtant largement utilisés dans la littérature psychiatrique. L’importation des méthodes et des modèles de la psychologie sociale constitue une piste prometteuse. Ainsi, la production de données utilisables par tous les acteurs du terrain, usagers, familles et professionnels, implique la constitution d’équipes pluridisciplinaires dans les projets futurs.
O destino do homem no plano de Deus: uma análise da antropologia patrística sobre a "imagem e semelhança"
Authors: De Souza José Neivaldo 
Published: November 2017

Há duas tradições bíblicas que narram a criação do homem. A primeira (Gn 1. 26-27) apresenta o homem feito à “imagem e semelhança” do Criador; a segunda (Gn 2.7) descreve como o ser humano veio à “vida”. Narrativas diferentes, porém com um único objetivo: apresentar a origem do homem a partir de Deus. O plano de Deus é que o homem viva e seu destino seja de acordo com os desígnios do Criador, eis a razão porque foi criado à “imagem e semelhança”. Pecado é tudo aquilo que se opõe a ao plano divino. Ao pecar, o homem perdeu o objetivo para o qual foi criado e a única imagem a qual ele vê é a sua própria, por isso a imagem de Deus ficou ofuscada e o acesso à comunhão divina obstruído. Mas Deus, em sua infinita misericórdia, não apagou de vez sua imagem na alma humana e a prova disso é Jesus Cristo, o Filho unigênito, perfeita imagem visível do Deus invisível (Cl 1.15) enviado para resgatar e recapitular tudo. O tema bíblico da imagem e semelhança é central na Antropologia dos primeiros pensadores cristãos: os Padres (Pais) da igreja. Estudaremos o tema resgatando a Antropologia Patrística, principalmente, o pensamento de escolas como a de Alexandria, asiática e africana. Considerando, de forma especial, o pensamento de Irineu de Lion, veremos como cada corrente trata o problema da imagem e semelhança no roteiro: criação, pecado e salvação.
Pastoral theological reflections on caregiving and religious pluralism
Authors: Greider Kathleen 
Published: November 2017

In this essay, I take up the topic of what is required of religious caregivers to “open up” to persons of different faiths.1 Religious pluralism is a crucial focus for reflection on caregiving because of the obvious increase in recent years of interreligious encounter in everyday life and in the practices of caregiving. I explore this topic, first, by making explicit some of the challenges inherent in interreligious caregiving. This is an important first step in light of the risks of romanticism and simplification with regard to openness and interreligious care. In the remainder of the essay, from my religious location within Christianity, I offer pastoral theological reflections on caregiving in light of religious pluralism by means of two methods commonly employed in the field: self-reflexivity and reflection on a specific relationship of care.
APRENDIZAGEM MEDIADA PELA TECNOLOGIA
Authors: Moreira Kenski Vani 
Published: November 2017

O texto analisa a relação entre tecnologia e aprendizagem. Inicia pela compreensão de que o uso das tecnologias disponíveis, em cada época da história da humanidade, transforma radicalmente a forma de organização social, comunicação, cultura e a aprendizagem. No atual estágio da civilização, as tecnologias digitais de comunicação e informação possibilitam novas formas de acesso à informação, novas possibilidades de interação e de comunicação e formas diferenciadas de se alcançar a aprendizagem. Essas tecnologias, no entanto, requerem um amplo conhecimento de suas especificidades para que possam ser utilizadas adequadamente em projetos sistemáticos de educação. Exigem também metodologias de ensino diferenciadas, uma nova pedagogia e a utilização ampla das capacidades humanas (muito além da cognição) em processos diferenciados de aprendizagem. Além disso, essas novas tecnologias possibilitam que a aprendizagem possa acontecer de forma coletiva, integrada, articulando informações e pessoas que estão em locais diferentes e que são de idade, sexo, condições físicas, áreas e níveis diferenciados de formação. O texto conclui que as atuais tecnologias digitais de comunicação e informação possibilitam o alcance de novas aprendizagens, que encaminham as pessoas para novos avanços, socialmente válidos, no atual estágio de desenvolvimento da humanidade.
INOVAÇÕES METODOLÓGICAS NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR E A TRANSFORMAÇÃO DA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA
Authors: Paulin Romanowski Joana , Wachowicz Lílian Anna 
Published: November 2017

O texto é resultado de pesquisa realizada pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Metodologia do Ensino e Avaliação da Aprendizagem na Educação Superior, do Programa de Pós-Graduação da PUCPR. O estudo focaliza a prática profissional dos professores da PUCPR no contexto do Projeto Pedagógico e sua estruturação em Programas de Aprendizagem. Tem como objetivo avaliar as transformações dessa prática pedagógica sob a ótica dos professores e alunos desses programas. O estudo envolve oito programas de aprendizagem com relatos dos professores e avaliações dos estudantes, analisando interdependência teórico-prática entre metodologia do ensino e avaliação da aprendizagem, e interpretando, à luz das publicações mais significativas, os dados de pesquisa registrados. As conclusões apontam para a ocorrência de transformações da prática pedagógica com a inclusão dos alunos no processo de aprendizagem e a mudança nos procedimentos e habilidades de aprendizagem em decorrência de uma ação pedagógica que enfatiza as estratégias da aprendizagem que valoriza a relação teoria e prática.
A INTELIGENCIA PRÁTICA NA ESCOLA
Authors: García Emilio García , Da Veiga Elizabeth Carvalho , Pérez Lourdes Martínez 
Published: November 2017

Neste trabalho, analisamos os objetivos prioritários da educação na sociedade do conhecimento nas primeiras décadas do século XXI. Propomos o ensino-aprendizagem de novas competências mentais como: aprender a conhcer, a fazer, a querer, a sentir, a conviver, a ser. É necessário uma teoria da mente que incorpore os conhecimentos disponíveis nas ciências cognitivas, em particular a neuropsicologia. Comentamos a Teoria Triárquica das Inteligências de Sternberg e a teoria das Inteligências Múltiplas de Gardner. Ambas teorias pretendem superar os modelos unidimensionais da inteligência e oferecer uma teoria mais integradora da mente. As duas teorias fundamentam um programa para desenvolver a inteligência prática e elaborar estratégias de intervenção eficazes em diferentes contextos: familiar, escolar e social. Analizamos criticamente o Programa de Inteligência Prática que consideramos muito importante e que temos adaptado, aplicado e avaliado nas pesquisas e teses doutorais
The relationship between egg size and helper number in cooperative breeders: a meta-analysis across species
Authors: Dixit Tanmay , English Sinead , Lukas Dieter 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundLife history theory predicts that mothers should adjust reproductive investment depending on benefits of current reproduction and costs of reduced future reproductive success. These costs and benefits may in turn depend on the breeding female’s social environment. Cooperative breeders provide an ideal system to test whether changes in maternal investment are associated with the social conditions mothers experience. As alloparental helpers assist in offspring care, larger groups might reduce reproductive costs for mothers or alternatively indicate attractive conditions for reproduction. Thus, mothers may show reduced (load-lightening) or increased (differential allocation) reproductive investment in relation to group size. A growing number of studies have investigated how cooperatively breeding mothers adjust pre-natal investment depending on group size. Our aim was to survey these studies to assess, first, whether mothers consistently reduce or increase pre-natal investment when in larger groups and, second, whether these changes relate to variation in post-natal investment.MethodsWe extracted data on the relationship between helper number and maternal pre-natal investment (egg size) from 12 studies on 10 species of cooperatively breeding vertebrates. We performed meta-analyses to calculate the overall estimated relationship between egg size and helper number, and to quantify variation among species. We also tested whether these relationships are stronger in species in which the addition of helpers is associated with significant changes in maternal and helper post-natal investment.ResultsAcross studies, there is a significant negative relationship between helper number and egg size, suggesting that in most instances mothers show reduced reproductive investment in larger groups, in particular in species in which mothers also show a significant reduction in post-natal investment. However, even in this limited sample, substantial variation exists in the relationship between helper number and egg size, and the overall effect appears to be driven by a few well-studied species.DiscussionOur results, albeit based on a small sample of studies and species, indicate that cooperatively breeding females tend to produce smaller eggs in larger groups. These findings on prenatal investment accord with previous studies showing similar load-lightening reductions in postnatal parental effort (leading to concealed helper effects), but do not provide empirical support for differential allocation. However, the considerable variation in effect size across studies suggests that maternal investment is mitigated by additional factors. Our findings indicate that variation in the social environment may influence life-history strategies and suggest that future studies investigating within-individual changes in maternal investment in cooperative breeders offer a fruitful avenue to study the role of adaptive plasticity.
Characteristics and risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis in the United States: an NHANES analysis
Authors: Xu Bei , Lin Jin 
Published: November 2017

Background
We examined the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database to determine factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults 20 to 55 years of age.

Methods
NHANES data collected between 2007 and 2014, excluding the 2011–2012 period, were used. Subjects were divided into those with and without RA. Demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors were compared between the groups.

Results
After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 8,789 persons were included in the study (8,483 without RA, 306 with RA). Multivariable analysis indicated that advanced age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09, 95% CI [1.07–1.11], P < 0.001), regular smoking (OR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.49–3.21], P < 0.001), diabetes (OR = 2.00, 95% CI [1.35–2.95], P = 0.001), obesity (reference, normal or underweight; OR = 3.31, 95% CI [2.05–5.36], P < 0.001), and osteoporosis (OR = 3.68, 95% CI [1.64–8.22], P = 0.002) were positively associated with RA. Covered by health insurance (OR = 1.81, 95% CI [1.12–2.93], P = 0.016) and living in poverty (OR = 2.96, 95% CI [1.88–4.65], P < 0.001) were also associated with having RA. Mexican American, Hispanic white or other Hispanic ethnicity (reference, non-Hispanic white; OR = 0.54, 95% CI [0.31–0.96], P = 0.036), appropriate sleep duration (about 6–11 h, OR = 0.46, 95% CI [0.32–0.65], P < 0.001), and insufficient vitamin A intake (reference, recommended; OR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.50–0.98], P = 0.036) were negatively associated with RA.

Discussion
Some factors associated with RA are potentially modifiable.
Sustained Water Loss in California's Mountain Ranges During Severe Drought From 2012 to 2015 Inferred From GPS
Authors: Argus Donald F. , Landerer Felix W. , Wiese David N. , Martens Hilary R. , Fu Yuning , Famiglietti James S. , Thomas Brian F. , Farr Thomas G. , Moore Angelyn W. , Watkins Michael M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDrought struck California during 7 of the 9 years from 2007 to 2015, reducing the state's available water resources. Pumping of Central Valley groundwater has produced spectacular land subsidence. Uplift of the adjacent Sierra Nevada mountains has been proposed to be either tectonic uplift or solid Earth's elastic response to unloading of Central Valley groundwater. We find that of the 24 mm of uplift of the Sierra Nevada from October 2011 to October 2015, just 5 mm is produced by Central Valley groundwater loss, less than 2 mm is tectonic uplift, and 17 mm is solid Earth's elastic response to water loss in the Sierra Nevada. We invert GPS vertical displacements recording solid Earth's elastic response to infer changes in water storage across the western U.S. from January 2006 to October 2017. We find water changes to be sustained over periods of drought or heavy precipitation: the Sierra Nevada lost 15 ± 19 km3 of water during drought from October 2006 to October 2009, gained 18 ± 14 km3 of water during heavy precipitation from October 2009 to October 2011, and lost 45 ± 21 km3 of water during severe drought from October 2011 to October 2015 (95% confidence limits). Such large changes are not in hydrology models: snow accumulation in October is negligible and long‐term soil moisture change is small. We infer that there must be large loss of either deep soil moisture or groundwater in river alluvium and in crystalline basement in the Sierra Nevada. The results suggest there to be parching of water in the ground during the summer of years of drought and seeping of melting snow into the Sierra Nevada in the spring of years of heavy precipitation.
The Role of Recycled Oceanic Crust in the Generation of Alkaline A‐Type Granites
Authors: Yang Wu‐Bin , Niu He‐Cai , Hollings Pete , Zurevinski Shannon E. , Li Ning‐Bo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMelting and dehydration of subducted oceanic slabs dominate element recycling within the subduction factory, but the role of recycled oceanic crust in the source of intraplate magmas is poorly understood. In situ zircon O‐Hf isotope data from two Early Cretaceous alkaline A‐type granites that are genetically related to large‐scale extension of eastern China in the Late Mesozoic (circa 125 Ma) yield low δ18O (1.8 ± 0.3‰ to 5.1 ± 0.3‰, 2σ) and positive εHf(t) (1.5 ± 1.2 to 17 ± 1.2, 2σ). This suggests the contribution of altered oceanic crust and an enriched mantle component in the source region. Elevated initial 87Sr/86Sr and 206Pb/204Pb ratios, and εHf(t) whole rock values with relatively constant εNd(t) values beyond the normal mantle array, require a component that underwent seawater interaction in the source of protolith. The geochemical data require a complex source region for the alkaline A‐type granites in NE China involving more than 40% recycled oceanic crust. This altered oceanic crust beneath the Late Mesozoic lithospheric mantle likely represents remnants of multiple subduction and collision events between microblocks from the Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic in northeastern China. Recycling of subducted oceanic crust represents a novel exotic source for the origin of alkaline A‐type granites in intraplate extensional settings.
Regional W‐Phase Source Inversion for Moderate to Large Earthquakes in China and Neighboring Areas
Authors: Zhao Xu , Duputel Zacharie , Yao Zhenxing 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEarthquake source characterization has been significantly speeded up in the last decade with the development of rapid inversion techniques in seismology. Among these techniques, the W‐phase source inversion method quickly provides point source parameters of large earthquakes using very long period seismic waves recorded at teleseismic distances. Although the W‐phase method was initially developed to work at global scale (within 20 to 30 min after the origin time), faster results can be obtained when seismological data are available at regional distances (i.e., Δ ≤ 12°). In this study, we assess the use and reliability of regional W‐phase source estimates in China and neighboring areas. Our implementation uses broadband records from the Chinese network supplemented by global seismological stations installed in the region. Using this data set and minor modifications to the W‐phase algorithm, we show that reliable solutions can be retrieved automatically within 4 to 7 min after the earthquake origin time. Moreover, the method yields stable results down to Mw = 5.0 events, which is well below the size of earthquakes that are rapidly characterized using W‐phase inversions at teleseismic distances.
Observed and Simulated Spring and Summer Dryness in the United States: The Impact of the Pacific Sea Surface Temperature and Beyond
Authors: Zhao Siyu , Deng Yi , Black Robert X. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study characterizes major modes of variability in the spring and summer U.S. dryness, as measured by the seasonal total number of dry (no‐precipitation) days, and assesses the impact of the Pacific sea surface temperature. The most severe spring and summer dry conditions typically occur in the western United States. Maximum covariance analysis reveals that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is the primary driver of interannual variability in the U.S. dryness. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) also contributes in part (especially during spring). Beyond the PDO and ENSO impact, interannual variations in spring dryness exhibit a meridional dipole structure, while variations during summer are related to a northwest‐southeast (NW‐SE) oriented dipole. The spring meridional dipole is associated with circulation anomalies resembling the West Pacific teleconnection pattern, while the summer NW‐SE dipole is a downstream manifestation of a quasi‐stationary wave train. A parallel analysis of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project's fifth phase models' historical simulations demonstrates that such models generally capture the relation between U.S. dryness and the PDO, albeit with varying degrees of accuracy. The models also show reasonable skill in simulating the residual meridional dipole in spring dryness variability but have difficulty representing the NW‐SE oriented dipole occurring during summer. The model shortcomings isolated here largely arise from a misrepresentation of the corresponding large‐scale circulation and moisture transport anomalies. These model biases suggest that great challenges exist in our ongoing pursuit of reliable projections of the U.S. hydroclimate variability.