bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Injuries and Injury Types in Army Basic Training, Infantry, Armor, and Cavalry Trainees Using a Common Fitness Screen
Authors: Sefton JoEllen M. , Lohse K. R. , McAdam J. S. 
Published: January 2017

Context: Musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) are among the most important challenges facing our military. They influence career success and directly affect military readiness. Several methods of screening initial entry training (IET) soldiers are being tested in an effort to predict which soldiers will sustain an MSI and to develop injury-prevention programs. The Army 1-1-1 Fitness Assessment was examined to determine if it could be used as a screening and MSI prediction mechanism in male IET soldiers.Objective: To determine if a relationship existed among the Army 1-1-1 Fitness Assessment results and MSI, MSI type, and program of instruction (POI) in male IET soldiers.Design: Retrospective cohort study.Setting: Fort Benning, Georgia.Patients or Other Participants: Male Army IET soldiers (N = 1788).Main Outcome Measure(s): The likelihood of sustaining acute and overuse MSI was modelled using separate logistic regression analyses. The POI, run time, push-ups and sit-ups (combined into a single score), and IET soldier age were tested as predictors in a series of linear models.Results: With POI controlled, slower run time, fewer push-ups and sit-ups, and older age were positively correlated with acute MSI; only slower run time was correlated with overuse MSI. For both MSI types, cavalry POIs had a higher risk of acute and overuse MSIs than did basic combat training, armor, or infantry POIs.Conclusions: The 1-1-1 Fitness Assessment predicted both the likelihood of MSI occurrence and type of MSI (acute or overuse). One-mile (1.6-km) run time predicted both overuse and acute MSIs, whereas the combined push-up and sit-up score predicted only acute MSIs. The MSIs varied by type of training (infantry, basic, armor, cavalry), which allowed the development of prediction equations by POI. We determined 1-1-1 Fitness Assessment cutoff scores for each event, thereby allowing the evaluation to be used as an MSI screening mechanism for IET soldiers.
Risk Factors for Injuries During Military Static-Line Airborne Operations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Knapik Joseph , Steelman Ryan 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To identify and analyze articles in which the authors examined risk factors for soldiers during military static-line airborne operations.Data Sources: We searched for articles in PubMed, the Defense Technical Information Center, reference lists, and other sources using the key words airborne, parachuting, parachutes, paratrooper, injuries, wounds, trauma, and musculoskeletal.Study Selection: The search identified 17 684 potential studies. Studies were included if they were written in English, involved military static-line parachute operations, recorded injuries directly from events on the landing zone or from safety or medical records, and provided data for quantitative assessment of injury risk factors. A total of 23 studies met the review criteria, and 15 were included in the meta-analysis.Data Extraction: The summary statistic obtained for each risk factor was the risk ratio, which was the ratio of the injury risk in 1 group to that of another (baseline) group. Where data were sufficient, meta-analyses were performed and heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed.Data Synthesis: Risk factors for static-line parachuting injuries included night jumps, jumps with extra equipment, higher wind speeds, higher air temperatures, jumps from fixed-wing aircraft rather than balloons or helicopters, jumps onto certain types of terrain, being a female paratrooper, greater body weight, not using the parachute ankle brace, smaller parachute canopies, simultaneous exits from both sides of an aircraft, higher heat index, winds from the rear of the aircraft on exit entanglements, less experience with a particular parachute system, being an enlisted soldier rather than an officer, and jumps involving a greater number of paratroopers.Conclusions: We analyzed and summarized factors that increased the injury risk for soldiers during military static-line parachute operations. Understanding and considering these factors in risk evaluations may reduce the likelihood of injury during parachuting.
Anisotropic Hardy-Lorentz Spaces with Variable Exponents
Authors: Almeida Víctor , Betancor Jorge J. , Lourdes Rodríguez-Mesa  
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper we introduceHardy-Lorentz spaces with variable exponents associated with
dilations in ℝn. We establishmaximal characterizations and atomic decompositions for our variable
exponent anisotropic Hardy-Lorentz spaces.
A New Family of Difference Schemes for Space Fractional Advection Diffusion Equation
Authors: Li Can , Deng Weihua 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe second order weighted and shifted Grünwald difference (WSGD) operators are developed in [Tian, Zhou and Deng, Math. Comput., 84 (2015), pp. 1703–1727] to solve space fractional partial differential equations. Along this direction, we further design a new family of second order WSGD operators; by properly choosing the weighted parameters, they can be effectively used to discretize space (Riemann-Liouville) fractional derivatives. Based on the new second order WSGD operators, we derive a family of difference schemes for the space fractional advection diffusion equation. By von Neumann stability analysis, it is proved that the obtained schemes are unconditionally stable. Finally, extensive numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the performance of the schemes and confirm the convergence orders.
Analysis of Smartphone Interruptions on Academic General Internal Medicine Wards
Authors: Vaisman Alon , Wu Robert 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIntroduction: Hospital-based medical services are increasingly utilizing team-based pagers and smartphones to streamline communications. However, an unintended consequence may be higher volumes of interruptions potentially leading to medical error. There is likely a level at which interruptions are excessive and cause a ‘crisis mode’ climate.Methods: We retrospectively collected phone, text messaging, and email interruptions directed to hospital-assigned smartphones on eight General Internal Medicine (GIM) teams at two tertiary care centres in Toronto, Ontario from April 2013 to September 2014. We also calculated the number of times these interruptions exceeded a pre-specified threshold per hour, termed ‘crisis mode’, defined as at least five interruptions in 30 minutes. We analyzed the correlation between interruptions and date, site, and patient volumes.Results: A total of 187,049 interruptions were collected over an 18-month period. Daily weekday interruptions rose sharply in the morning, peaking between 11 AM to 12 PM and measuring 4.8 and 3.7 mean interruptions/hour at each site, respectively. Mean daily interruptions per team totaled 46.2 ± 3.6 at Site 1 and 39.2 ± 4.2 at Site 2. The ‘crisis mode’ threshold was exceeded, on average, 2.3 times/day per GIM team during weekdays. In a multivariable linear regression analysis, site ([uni03B2]6.43 CI95% 5.44 –7.42, p<0.001), day of the week (with Friday having the most interruptions) ([uni03B2]0.481 CI95% 0.236 –0.730, p<0.05) and patient census ([uni03B2]1.55 CI95% 1.42 –1.67, p<0.05) were all predictive of daily interruption volume although there was a significant interaction effect between site and patient census ([uni03B2]-0.941 CI95% -1.18 –-0.703, p<0.05).Conclusion: Interruptions were related to site-specific features, including volume, suggesting that future interventions should target the culture of individual hospitals. Excessive interruptions may have implications for patient safety especially when exceeding a maximal threshold over short periods of time.
Curadoria digital e dados de pesquisa
Authors: Sayão Luís Fernando , Sales Luana Farias 
Published: January 2017

Os Doutores Luis Fernando Sayão e Luana Farias Sales apresentam as condições que sustentam o desenvolvimento da área de curadoria digital e os emergentes repositórios de dados de pesquisa, assim como as controvérsias, desafios e responsabilidades éticas para os depositantes, gestores dos repositórios, usuários e profissionais da informação.
Patrimonial Reflections
Authors: Hafstein Valdimar Tr. 
Published: January 2017

The author of this paper argues that the rise of cultural heritage is perhaps the chief example of a newfound valuation of cultural practices and objects in terms of their expediency for economic and political purposes. This is culture as a resource: a novel configuration in which culture is now a central expedient in everything from creating jobs to reducing crime, from changing the face of cities through cultural tourism to managing differences and conflicts within the population. In this context, heritage provides a strong but flexible language for staking claims to culture and making claims based on culture. He suggests that the 2003Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritagesignals a reformation of global heritage policy. Where earlier UNESCO efforts were content to document and archive expressions of folklore and traditional culture, its intangible heritage initiatives aim to assure the transmission and continuity of traditional practicesin situ. This requires direct intervention in the communities involved. UNESCO enlists intangible heritage as an instrument for safeguarding community, a social and moral good perceived to be threatened by globalization. Intangible heritage has emerged as an instrument in the production of a strong (but not exclusive) sense of belonging for members of cultural communities within (and sometimes across) states. Population groups objectify their practices and expressions as “intangible heritage” and at the same time they subjectify themselves as “communities”. Government can then act on the social field through communities and by means of, among other things, heritage policies. The author also points out that many heritage practices take the body as their central objects – they turn the body into a site of performance. Indeed, intangible heritage is very much about the ways in which culture is embodied and the ways in which bodies are cultured.
Le développement durable au service du patrimoine culturel
Authors: Guèvremont Véronique 
Published: January 2017

S’il est fréquent d’associer la protection de la « culture » au « développement durable » – l’idée de préservation d’un patrimoine au bénéfice des générations présentes et à venir est en effet inhérente aux deux concepts – la définition classique du développement durable et le contenu de cette notion tel que précisé par certains textes fondateurs passent généralement sous silence l’importance de la culture pour le développement des sociétés. Pourtant, des liens juridiques intimes unissent désormais les deux notions, comme en témoignent les récents développements du droit international en ce domaine. Ces évolutions normatives, qui se fondent en grande partie sur une prise de conscience de l’inestimable contribution de la culture au développement durable des sociétés, tendent cependant à passer sous silence l’autre dimension de la relation, soit le potentiel que représente la notion de développement durable pour la protection des cultures. En utilisant l’exemple de la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel, cette contribution vise à explorer ce potentiel en trois temps : en identifiant d’abord les instruments juridiques internationaux qui ont contribué à la reconnaissance explicite d’un lien entre la culture et le développement durable (I) ; en précisant, ensuite, le contenu conceptuel et juridique de cette notion de développement durable à laquelle sont attachés certains « principes de développement durable » (II) ; en procédant, enfin, à une analyse critique de la Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel à la lumière de ces principes de développement durable (III).
The Celebration of Cultural Diversity and the Politics of Difference in Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors: Arantes Antonio A. 
Published: January 2017

The global turn of cultural production gave new significance to objects and ideas that convey senses of localization and/or cultural singularity, raising public interest and institutional concern with inventorying and protecting cultural diversity. The implications of this shift not only concern the so-called creative industries, as this issue was the object of the Convention for the Protection of the Diversity of Cultural Contents and Artistic Expressions approved by UNESCO in its 33rd General Conference (Paris, November 2005). Traditional know-how and forms of expression, as well as exotic landscapes, are used as effective cornerstones for the implementation and promotion of humanitarian as well as social and economic development programs in the poorer regions of the globe. From an intellectual perspective, this renewed awareness of all things local stimulates critical reflection about some epistemological and legal issues related to identification, documentation and promotion of cultural heritage. Among these, intellectual authority associated with the production of inventories, the social consequences of introducing new ingredients in local level politics and cultural production, as well as juridical matters concerning rights of collective intellectual property are some of the concerns of the current debate among scholars and heritage experts on those issues. The present paper aims at contributing to the debate on the questions outlined above, by focusing on the emergent policies of safeguarding intangible cultural heritage. Since cultural heritage is not mechanical and neutral transmission of information from one generation to another, but a social construction, the understanding of its meanings and consequences depends on taking into account its historical context. This being the case, in order to provide concrete background to this discussion, the author refers to the Brazilian case suggesting, however, that it has wider implications.
Du bon usage des « vestiges »
Authors: Collomb Gérard 
Published: January 2017

Au cours des deux dernières décennies, on a pu observer en Guyane française la montée en puissance d’une expression politique amérindienne construite sur l’affirmation de « l’autochtonie », et un développement notable des connaissances archéologiques et historiques relatives au monde amérindien, largement médiatisées dans l’espace régional. Mais, alors qu’en Guyane aujourd’hui le rapport au passé et l’inscription dans une histoire représentent un élément majeur des stratégies de définition de soi, il n’y a eu que peu ou pas de connexion entre ces deux processus. Le mouvement politique amérindien, dans sa composante majoritaire kali’na, ne s’est pas emparé de ces matériaux pour appuyer ses revendications dans l’espace régional et n’a pas cherché non plus à instituer les sites que l’archéologie mettait au jour en « monuments » opposables aux autres monuments que mettent en avant les autres cultures en présence. Cette situation s’explique par la manière dont le groupe pense son rapport au passé et construit sa mémoire, et par la difficulté à former un « patrimoine » commun dans une société qui s’organise sur une base familiale et qui se reproduit dans une logique factionnaliste, mais aussi par la volonté des jeunes leaders d’inscrire leur histoire dans d’autres « monuments » pour affirmer une présence dans une histoire guyanaise qui se constitue désormais comme commune.
Organizing posterior fossa hematomas simulating developmental cysts on prenatal imaging: report of 3 cases.
Authors: Folkerth R D , McLaughlin M E , Levine D 
Published: January 2017

We encountered 3 organizing tentorial hematomas simulating posterior fossa lesions such as Dandy‐Walker, dermoid, or arachnoid cysts. We sought to correlate the clinical and pathologic features that allow distinction of developmental cysts from hematomas in the posterior fossa on imaging. METHODS. Prenatal sonograms in all fetuses and fetal magnetic resonance scans in 2 of the 3 were reviewed. One case proceeding to term had serial imaging up to age 11 months. Two cases had complete neuropathologic evaluation after termination. Maternal records were reviewed.In each case, the ultrasonographic findings were reminiscent of a developmental cyst but with echogenic debris, a rim, or both. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested tentorial hemorrhage in 2, 1 also with falcine hemorrhage. Serial prenatal and postnatal imaging showed resolution in the surviving case. Pathologically, 2 fetuses had organizing tentorial hematomas causing brain displacement. Calcifications, white matter damage, germinal matrix hemorrhage, and brain stem necrosis were also present. One mother had von Willebrand disease.Tentorial hematomas, with or without maternal coagulopathy, should be considered in the prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of cystlike posterior fossa abnormalities containing echogenic material. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging can suggest blood products. Hypoxic‐ischemic brain damage may be concurrent; however, resolution of the hematoma, with no apparent neurologic sequelae, can occur.
Three‐dimensional sonographic assessment of fetal behavior in the early second trimester of pregnancy.
Authors: Kuno A , Akiyama M , Yamashiro C , Tanaka H , Yanagihara T , Hata T 
Published: January 2017

To evaluate the fetal behavior pattern in the early second trimester of pregnancy by use of specially developed abdominal dynamic three‐dimensional sonography.Dynamic three‐dimensional sonographic examinations were performed on 11 healthy pregnant women at 14 to 18 weeks of gestation. This imaging system provided continuous three‐dimensional sonographic images every 1 to 2 seconds. Fetal movements were recorded continuously for 60 minutes in each fetus. The rate of occurrence of head, mouth, arm, trunk, and leg movements was evaluated. All fetal behavioral patterns were observed during the period studied.The active phase (time with fetal movements) was 59.4%, and the resting phase was 40.6%. The most active fetal behavior pattern was an arm movement, whereas the least was a mouth movement. Moreover, each fetal movement was synchronized and harmonized with other fetal movements (a few movement patterns were found to be generated simultaneously).Dynamic three‐dimensional sonography provides a novel means for evaluation of fetal behavior in the early second trimester of pregnancy. These results suggest that dynamic three‐dimensional sonography may be an important modality in future early fetal behavior research and in evaluation of early fetal well‐being.
Lack of association between carotid artery volume blood flow and cardiac output.
Authors: Eicke B M , von Schlichting J , Mohr-Ahaly S , Schlosser A , von Bardeleben R S , Krummenauer F , Hopf H C 
Published: January 2017

The correlation of cardiac output and cerebral perfusion is unclear. We tested this potential association by correlating cardiac output data obtained by echocardiography and cerebral blood flow data as determined by color M‐mode measurements of carotid artery blood flow.We studied 43 patients with a broad spectrum of cardiac performance by means of transthoracic echocardiography. In these patients, different cardiac indices such as stroke volume, ejection fraction, and heart minute volume were determined. The data were correlated with volumetric flow measurements (color M‐mode duplex system) of the common carotid arteries bilaterally.Heart minute volume ranged from 1.632 to 9.836 mL/min (mean +/‐ SD, 4.652 +/‐ 1.621 mL/min); ejection fraction ranged from 18% to 76% (mean, 48% +/‐ 16%). The relative fraction of carotid volume flow compared with heart minute volume was 15% +/‐ 6%. There was no correlation between ejection fraction, stroke volume, or heart minute volume and absolute volume flow in the carotid arteries when being adjusted for age. There was a highly significant inverse correlation (r = ‐0.8; P < .0001) of the relative fraction of the carotid volume flow (carotid volume flow/heart minute volume [percent]) and the heart minute volume.Our data support the concept that cerebral blood flow is independent of cardiac output.
Gray scale sonography of breast masses in adolescent girls.
Authors: Kronemer K A , Rhee K , Siegel M J , Sievert L , Hildebolt C F 
Published: January 2017

To assess the sonographic findings of breast masses in adolescents and the usefulness of sonographic patterns for suggesting a specific diagnosis.The sonograms and medical records of 57 girls (mean age, 15.4 years) with palpable breast masses were retrospectively reviewed. Three observers reviewed the sonograms for multiple sonographic findings. Surgery or clinical findings established diagnoses. Statistical analysis was done to determine how well sonographic findings alone and in combination agreed with final histologic diagnoses.Diagnoses included cysts (n = 12), abscesses (n = 7), fibroadenomas (n = 36), a lactating adenoma (n = 1), and a phyllodes tumor (n = 1). The sonographic findings varied significantly among lesion types (P < or = .005).Our experience suggests that virtually all breast masses in a pediatric population are benign and that sonography has the ability to differentiate among cystic, inflammatory, and solid masses.
Ultrasonographic differentiation between tuberculous lymphadenitis and malignant lymph nodes.
Authors: Asai S , Miyachi H , Suzuki K , Shimamura K , Ando Y 
Published: January 2017

To assess the usefulness of ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis versus malignant lymph nodes.Ultrasonography of cervical lymph nodes was performed with a real‐time linear scanner using a 7.5‐ or 11‐MHz probe or both. Ultrasonographic findings were retrospectively reviewed in 73 patients: 49 with malignant lymphoma, 15 with tuberculous lymphadenitis, and 9 with metastatic lymph nodes.Ultrasonographic features specific to cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis were strong echoes (33.3%) and an echogenic thin layer (86.7%). When the lymph nodes had at least 1 of these 2 features, tuberculous lymphadenitis was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100%.Ultrasonographic evaluation of cervical lymph nodes can be useful in the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis.
Identification of hepatic venous territories in liver resection by using color Doppler ultrasonography: report of two cases.
Authors: Kitamura H , Miyagawa Y , Yokoyama T , Kobayashi A , Miwa S , Miyagawa S , Kawasaki S 
Published: January 2017

Resection of the hepatic vein because of the proximity of tumors may result in increased congestion in the noncancerous parenchyma, which in turn may lead to functional hepatic volume loss and postoperative hepatic failure, especially in a case of low hepatic reserve. However, to our knowledge, no technique for estimating the extent of dependent hepatic venous territories before hepatic resection has been established. We examined the possibility of using color Doppler ultrasonography for this purpose.A color Doppler system and a linear array transducer equipped with multiple Doppler frequencies ranging from 7 to 13 MHz were used intraoperatively. Two patients with hepatocellular carcinomas were examined. By tracking entire branches of the targeted vessel, from the trunk to the terminal branches extending to the liver surface, it was possible for the boundaries of the dependent areas to be projected and marked on the liver surface with either ink or electrocautery.In both cases, this method was effective for either minimizing the congestive area or preserving the hepatic mass that was being drained via aberrant routes.Identification of hepatic venous territories by means of color Doppler ultrasonography may provide new information about intrahepatic blood circulation and may increase the safety and curability of hepatic resection.