bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prompt identification of the location of gap conduction in the mitral isthmus following vein of Marshall ethanol infusion and endocardial ablation
Authors: Li Qiaoyuan , Li Yanguang , Liang Zhuo , Zhang Tao , Liu Xu , Fang Dongping , Bai Jin , Li Jian , Zhang Fengxiang , Wang Yunlong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMitral isthmus (MI) gap conduction is common despite ethanol infusion into the vein of Marshall (EI-VOM) and endocardial ablation of the MI. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of electrograms of the distal coronary sinus (CSd) to guide the identification of the gap location in the MI.MethodsA total of 187 patients who underwent EI-VOM and MI ablation were included in the study. After routine completion of EI-VOM and endocardial MI ablation, the characteristics of the electrogram in the CSd during left atrial appendage (LAA) pacing were analyzed in unblocked MI conduction.ResultsAmong the 187 patients, 43.3% (81/187) had unblocked MI following EI-VOM and linear lesion creation in the endocardium. In patients with unblocked MI, 84.0% (68/81) showed double potential in the CSd during LAA pacing, among whom 80.9% (55/68) presented with an earlier high-frequency near-field potential (NFP) followed by a low-frequency far-field potential (FFP), suggesting an epicardial gap, whereas 19.1% (13/68) presented with FFP followed by NFP, suggesting an endocardial gap. In patients with single-potential in CSd (16.0%, n = 13), simple activation mapping of the endocardium and CSd revealed the gap location. Intra-CS ablation was necessary in 77.8% (63/81) of the patients, with a mean of 1.3 ± 1.7 sites and 1.1 ± 0.4 min for ablation. Eventually, 95.7 % (179/187) of the patients achieved MI blockage. These findings were confirmed in an external validation cohort, which demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of CSd potential-guided gap identification.ConclusionThe characteristics of the electrograms in the CSd could aid in the prompt identification of the gap(s) location of the MI in patients with unblocked MI conduction.CLINICAL PERSPECTIVEWhat is Known:Bidirectional mitral isthmus conduction block is challenging despite EI-VOM and endocardial ablation.What the Study Adds:The characteristics of the electrogram at the CSd during left atrial appendage pacing could facilitate prompt identification of gap conduction in mitral isthmus mediated by the epicardium or endocardium.ver 2/3 of patients had an epicardial gap conduction that warranted intra-CS ablation.blockage rate is achievable using the CSd electrogram guided gap identification approach, with efficiency and effectiveness.Graphic Abstract:
A hydrodynamic antenna: novel lateral line system in the tail of myliobatid stingrays
Authors: Chaumel Júlia , Lauder George V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEagle rays, cownose rays, and manta rays (family Myliobatidae) have a slender tail that can be longer than the animal’s body length, but its function and structure are unknown. Using histology, immunohistochemistry, and 3D imaging with micro-CT scans, we describe the anatomy and function of the tail inRhinoptera bonasus, the cownose ray. The tail is an extension of the vertebral column with unique morphological specializations. Along the tail behind the barb, vertebral centra are absent and neural and hemal arches fuse and form a solid mineralized structure that we term the caudal synarcual, which imparts passive stiffness to the tail, reducing bending. Two lateral line canals connected to an extensive tubule network extend along both sides of the tail. Tubules branch from the lateral line canal toward the dorsal and ventral tail surfaces and open to the surrounding water via pores. A continuous neuromast is located within each lateral line canal, maintaining an interrupted structure along the entire tail. The complex lateral line mechanosensory system in the tail ofR. bonasussupports the hypothesis that the tail functions like a hydrodynamic sensory antenna and may play an important role in their behavioral and functional ecology.
The influence of soft tissue volume on estimates of skeletal pneumaticity: implications for fossil archosaurs
Authors: Burton Maria Grace , Benito Juan , Mellor Kirsty , Smith Emily , Martin-Silverstone Elizabeth , O’Connor Patrick , Field Daniel J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAir space proportion (ASP), the volume fraction in bone occupied by air, is frequently applied as a measure for quantifying the extent of skeletal pneumaticity in extant and fossil archosaurs. Nonetheless, ASP estimates rely on a key assumption: that the soft tissue mass within pneumatic bones is negligible, an assumption that has rarely been explicitly acknowledged or tested. Here, we provide the first comparisons between estimated air space proportion (where the internal cavity of a pneumatic bone is assumed to be completely air-filled) and true air space proportion (ASPt, where soft tissues present within the internal cavities of fresh specimens are considered). Using birds as model archosaurs exhibiting postcranial skeletal pneumaticity, we find that estimates of ASPt are significantly lower than estimates of ASP, raising an important consideration that should be acknowledged in investigations of the evolution of skeletal pneumaticity and bulk skeletal density in extinct archosaurs, as well as in volume-based estimates of archosaur body mass. We advocate for the difference between ASP and ASPt to be explicitly acknowledged in studies seeking to quantify the extent of skeletal pneumaticity in extinct archosaurs, to avoid the risk of systematically overestimating the volume fraction of pneumatic bones composed of air.
Growth, development, and life history of a mass-reared edible insect,Gryllodes sigillatus(Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Kong Jacinta D. , Ritchie Marshall W. , Vadboncoeur Émile , MacMillan Heath A. , Bertram Susan M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInsects provide a potential source of sustainable, alternative protein that can help meet the protein demands of a growing population. Efficient farming of insects to meet this demand depends on an understanding of insect life history. Yet, detailed information and expertise about a single species are not always available for practitioners to make informed decisions about rearing practices or identify arising issues. The cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus) is commonly farmed for human consumption or animal feed, but few studies have characterized the life history of this species throughout ontogeny. Here, we describe the growth and development ofG. sigillatusfrom hatch to adulthood and quantify reproductive traits relevant to mass-rearing and colony management, including egg development. This information provides foundation to start and manage a cricket colony and to conduct research on growth and performance. We highlight ways that a fundamental understanding of cricket biology can be informative for optimizing cricket growth, reducing variability in yield and informing future precision farming practices.
Afadin mediates cadherin-catenin complex clustering on F-actin linked to cooperative binding and filament curvature
Authors: Gong Rui , Reynolds Matthew J. , Sun Xiaoyu , Alushin Gregory M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe E-cadherin–β-catenin–αE-catenin (cadherin-catenin) complex couples the cytoskeletons of neighboring cells at adherens junctions (AJs) to mediate force transmission across epithelia. Mechanical force and auxiliary binding partners converge to stabilize the cadherin-catenin complex’s inherently weak binding to actin filaments (F-actin) through unclear mechanisms. Here we show that afadin’s coiled-coil (CC) domain and vinculin synergistically enhance the cadherin-catenin complex’s F-actin engagement. The cryo-EM structure of an E-cadherin–β-catenin–αE-catenin–vinculin–afadin-CC supra-complex bound to F-actin reveals that afadin-CC bridges adjacent αE-catenin actin-binding domains along the filament, stabilizing flexible αE-catenin segments implicated in mechanical regulation. These cooperative binding contacts promote the formation of supra-complex clusters along F-actin. Additionally, cryo-EM variability analysis links supra-complex binding along individual F-actin strands to nanoscale filament curvature, a deformation mode associated with cytoskeletal forces. Collectively, this work elucidates a mechanistic framework by which vinculin and afadin tune cadherin-catenin complex–cytoskeleton coupling to support AJ function across varying mechanical regimes.
Association Between Major Adverse Cardiac Events and Hormone Therapy Usage in Prostate Cancer Patients of a Diverse Cohort
Authors: Yang Yuanchu J , Zeng Chenjie , Schaffer Kerry R , Tran Tam C , Sauer Peter J , Brown Lincoln A , Park Ben H , Denny Joshua C 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImportanceHormone therapy (HT) has led to improved overall survival for prostate cancer patients, but may also increase cardiovascular risk.ObjectiveTo compare time-to-event for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) between those with and without HT use in prostate cancer patients.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study examined 5,156 participants from theAll of UsResearch Program who were diagnosed with prostate cancer and either treated or not treated with HT (defined as exposure to a GnRH agonist, GnRH antagonist, and/or anti-androgens). Time to MACE was defined using longitudinal electronic health record data. We evaluated whether HT use affected the risk of MACE using Cox regression adjusted for established cardiovascular risk factors.ExposuresHT treatment (HT-treated study group), non-HT treatment (control group without HT but with surgery, radiation treatment, and/or non-HT medical therapy), or no treatment (active surveillance control group).Main Outcomes and MeasuresTime-to-event for MACE, which is defined as the interval between the start of treatment (or first prostate cancer diagnosis for the no treatment group) and the date of MACE. Participants who did not develop a MACE were right censored at their last healthcare provider visit.ResultsThe final cohort included 5,156 participants; 851 in the HT treatment group, 624 in the non-HT treatment group, and 3,681 in the no treatment group. In participants with pre-treatment dyslipidemia, HT was found to be associated increased risk of MACE (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.19-1.95; P <.001), while in those without pre-existing dyslipidemia, no association were found (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.71-1.30; P = .81). Similar patterns were found across race and ethnicity groups. The combined androgen blockade was statistically significantly associated with MACE in participants with pre-existing dyslipidemia (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.13-2.19; P= .006) and no association in participants without pre-existing dyslipidemia (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.71-1.30; P= .81). We also observed that HT was associated with prolongation of the QTc interval (P= .02).Conclusions and RelevanceHT treatment was associated with an increased risk for MACE participants with pre-existing dyslipidemia. These results suggest that increased risk stratification can help improve CV outcomes when deciding treatment regimens.
Targeting mutant TNNT2-induced epigenetic perturbation and pathogenic signaling in left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy
Authors: Li You-Yi , Tseng Wei-Chieh , Kao Hua-Ling , Shie Yu-Shin , Chiu Sheunn-Nan , Wu Ya-Ting , Sun Chung-Ming , Tzeng Shiou-Ru , Lai Liang-Chuan , Lin Miao-Hsia , Wu Yen-Wen , Ko Kuan-Yin , Juang Jyh-Ming Jimmy , Hsieh Ryan , Wu Mei-Hwan , Chen Wen-Pin , Ho Hong-Nerng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundCompound mutations ofTNNT2R141W/+(encoding troponin T) andMYPNS1296T/+(encoding myopalladin) are associated with familial left ventricle non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC). However, it remains unclear in which would be the pathogenic mutation, the underlying mechanism, and the target therapy for LVNC.MethodsKnock-in C57BL/6J mice harboring mutations in orthologous genes inTnnt2R154Wor/andMypnS1291Tand human cardiomyocytes derived from iPSC of healthy donors and LVNC patients (LVNC-hCM) were employed for disease modeling, omics analysis, mechanistic study, and drug development.ResultsUsing knock-in mice for disease modeling, it was clarified that the orthologous mutation inTnnt2, but not inMypn, led to cardiac hypertrabeculation, noncompaction, and heart failure. 3D protein structure modeling by Swiss-model found a loss of slat bridge between TNNT2(R141W) and E-257 in tropomyosin, contributing to the decreased cardiac contraction. Further mechanistic study discovered that troponin T (TNNT2) appears to function as an HDAC1 sponge in cardiomyocyte nuclei. The compromised association between nuclear TNNT2(R141W) and HDAC1 causes cardiac epigenetic perturbation and subsequentially leads to transcriptional dysregulation. The downregulation of cardiac muscular genes was concomitant with the impairment of cardiac contraction, which would be partially rescued by pan HDAC inhibitor. Besides, the upregulation of TGFβ-signaling molecules and EZH2 did contribute to cardiac growth defects, which were mitigated by TGFβR1 inhibitor (A83-01) and EZH2 inhibitor (GSK503), respectively. Simvastatin, a hit drug identified from the repurposed drug screening, can restore nuclear TNNT2(R141W)-HDAC1 association, thereby recovering cardiac epigenetic, translational profiles, growth and function in LVNC-hCMin vitroand cardiac function in LVNC mice harboringTnnt2R154Win vivo. The cardiac function was significantly improved in the proband receiving 5 mg once daily for consecutive two years.ConclusionMutant TNNT2(R141W) diminished its nuclear HDAC1 sponge function in cardiomyocyte to induce LVNC pathogenesis through perturbating cardiac epigenetic and the gene expressions. Targeting to HDAC, TGFβ, EZH2 may rescue part of cardiac pathological signaling. Simvastatin can act as a chemical chaperone to comprehensively recover cardiac epigenetic via restoring nuclear TNNT2(R141W)-HDAC1 association.
Efficacy of a personalised alcohol approach bias modification smartphone app in people accessing outpatient alcohol use disorder treatment: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Garfield Joshua B. B. , Liu Samuel K. , Piercy Hugh , Rowland Bosco , Bonomo Yvonne , Whelan Danielle , Manning Victoria 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and Aims:Several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that delivering approach bias modification (ApBM) during residential alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment reduces likelihood of post-treatment relapse. However, few studies have examined ApBM’s efficacy for AUD in outpatient settings. We trialled a personalised ApBM smartphone app in individuals receiving outpatient treatment for AUD.Design:We conducted a double-blind RCT. Participants were randomised to receive treatment as usual (TAU) + ApBM or TAU + sham training over a 4-week intervention period.Setting:Participants were recruited from alcohol and other drug treatment services in Melbourne, Australia.Participants:79 participants (mean age 46.6 years; 45 male, 34 female) installed the app between May 26, 2022 and January 23, 2024.Intervention and Comparator:In the ApBM condition, the app delivered personalised, gamified ApBM. Participants were prompted by notifications to complete at least 2 sessions of ApBM per week for 4 weeks. The Control version prompted participants to complete a weekly sham-training task for 4 weeks.Measurements:Participants self-reported past-week alcohol use via the app at baseline and 4, 8, and 16 weeks after installing the app. We used these data to derive number of standard drinks (defined as 10 grams pure alcohol) consumed (primary outcome), past-week drinking days, and past-week heavy drinking days (days when>5 standard drinks were consumed). Participants also completed questionnaire measures of AUD severity, quality of life, and alcohol craving.Findings:We found a significant time x group interaction for the primary outcome (coefficient: -1.11, 95% CI: [-2.08, 0-.13]; z(78) = -2.22; p=.03,). Past-week standard drinks declined significantly in ApBM participants (reducing by 55% between baseline and the final follow-up), but not controls (non-significant 11% reduction). Time x group interaction effects were non-significant for all secondary outcomes.Conclusions:Personalised smartphone ApBM may help reduce alcohol consumption in AUD outpatients.
Changing species dynamics and species-specific associations observed betweenAnophelesandPlasmodiumgenera in Diebougou health district, southwest Burkina Faso
Authors: Lado P , Gray LI , Sougué E , Knight AL , Sorensen M , Leon AS , Ring ME , Pugh G , Randall JC , Coffin KL , Hemming-Schroeder E , Goodwin J , Wade M , Sproch H , Ouédraogo COW , Dah SR , Somé AF , Dabiré RK , Parikh S , Foy BD 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of malaria parasite species in parts of Africa is rapidly changing and influenced by detection methods. The natural vector competence and vectorial capacity of African anophelines for humanPlasmodiumspecies has only been well described forP. falciparumand is unclear in the context of mixed and non-falciparum infections. Over the course of two clinical trials (2015 and 2019-2020) testing ivermectin for malaria control in the same region of Burkina Faso, we sampled participants’ blood and their households forAnophelesspp. mosquitoes and tested these samples forPlasmodiumspecies.Plasmodiumprevalence in participants and their blood samples was high in both trials. WhileP. falciparummono-infections comprised most infections in the 1sttrial, mixed and non-falciparum infections comprised 27% of infections in the 2ndtrial, with notable changes in species present within participants over time. Furthermore,An. gambiaes.l. was the main vector captured, butAn. funestusmosquitoes were unexpectedly prevalent in the 2ndtrial, and we found that parasite species prevalence differed in abdominal and head+thorax tissues of these two vector species. Most notably,P. falciparumsporozoites were significantly more prevalent than other parasite species inAn. gambiaes.l. whileP. ovalesporozoites were significantly more prevalent than other parasite species inAn. funestus. Our data suggest differential vector competence forPlasmodiumspecies at the study site, which may significantly impact malaria epidemiology, disease prevalence and control efforts.
Linezolid induced lactic acidosis in tuberculosis: a systematic review of published case reports, case series
Authors: Garg Rajiv , Garg Ravindra Kumar , Garg Pragati , Srivastava Anand , Bajaj Darshan Kumar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLinezolid is widely used in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), but it is associated with severe adverse effects, including lactic acidosis, which remains underreported in the literature and is fatal in many cases.MethodsThis systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024552225). We conducted comprehensive searches across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar, covering case reports and case series without language restrictions. Data were extracted on demographics, clinical presentation, Linezolid dosage, laboratory findings, treatment regimens, and outcomes. Lactic acidosis was defined as a serum pH <7.25 and lactate >4 mmol/L. Quality assessment followed the protocol of Murad MH et al. Data were synthesized narratively and statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel.ResultsSeven case reports were identified. The average patient age was 49.33 years (range: 20–81 years), with a near-equal distribution between males and females. Most cases were reported from India (3/7). Respiratory symptoms predominated, with gastrointestinal and central nervous system involvement also noted. Linezolid dosing varied between 600 mg and 1200 mg daily. Arterial blood gas analysis showed significant acidosis, with pH values ranging from 6.09 to 7.32. Lactate levels were elevated (range: 10.2–20 mmol/L). Symptoms emerged within 7 days to over 1 month after starting Linezolid, except for one patient who developed symptoms immediately. Four patients died, and three survived after treatment modification.ConclusionLinezolid-induced lactic acidosis is a rare but serious complication in drug-resistant TB, emphasizing the need for close monitoring and individualized treatment.
Estrogen Deficiency alters Vascularization and Mineralization dynamics: insight from a novel 3D Humanized and Vascularized Bone Organoid Model
Authors: Bukhari Muhammad M.M. , Khabooshani Mostafa , Naqvi Syeda M. , McNamara Laoise M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis is not merely a disease of bone loss but also involves changes in the mineral composition of the bone that remains.In vitrostudies have investigated these changes and revealed that estrogen deficiency alters osteoblast mineral deposition, osteocyte mechanosensitivity and osteocyte regulation of osteoclastogenesis. During healthy bone development, vascular cells stimulate bone mineralization via endochondral ossification, but estrogen deficiency impairs vascularization. Yet, existingin vitrobone models overlook the role of vascular cells in osteoporosis pathology. Thus, here we (1) develop an advanced 3D vascularized, mineralized and humanized bone model following the endochondral ossification process, and (2) apply this model to mimic postmenopausal estrogen withdrawal and provide a mechanistic understanding of changes in vascularization and bone mineralization in estrogen deficiency. We confirmed the successful development of a vascularized and mineralized human bone model via endochondral ossification, which induced self-organization of vasculature, associated with hypertrophy (collagen X), and promoted mineralization. When the model was applied to study estrogen deficiency, we reported the development of distinct vessel-like structures (CD31+) in the postmenopausal 3D constructs. Moreover, during estrogen withdrawal vascularized bone demonstrated a significant increase in mineral deposition and apoptosis, which did not occur in non-vascularized bone. These findings reveal a potential mechanism for bone mineral heterogeneity in osteoporotic bone, whereby vascularized bone becomes highly mineralized whereas in non-vascularised regions this effect is not observed.New and NoteworthyHere we develop anin vitro3D vascularized and humanized bone model following an endochondral ossification approach. We applied the model to recapitulate estrogen deficiency as representative of osteoporotic phenotype. The results of this study reveal that estrogen deficiency exacerbates formation of 3D vessel like structures in vascularized models and thereby drives mineral deposition.