bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of outdoor rearing and oleic acid supplementation on lipid characteristics of muscle and adipose tissues from obese Alentejano pigs
Authors: Martins J. M. , Albuquerque A. , Neves J. A. , Freitas A. B. , Charneca R. , Tirapicos J. L. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryData evaluating the effect of oleic‐acid‐enriched diets and outdoor rearing (with access to pasture) on the quality of Alentejano (AL) pork and fat are limited. The aim of this work was to study the effects of feeding low (LO) or high oleic acid (HO) diets to AL pigs reared in individual pens (IND) or outdoors (OUT) with access to pasture. Biceps femoris and dorsal subcutaneous fat (DSF) samples were collected to analyse chemical composition and lipids fatty acid (FA) profile. The expression of seven genes involved in lipogenesis, lipolysis and FA transport, as well as two transcription factors were also evaluated in the muscle. B. femoris and DSF presented lower lipid content in OUT‐reared than in IND‐reared pigs. Two genes involved in lipogenesis, ACACA and FASN, were under‐expressed in B. femoris from OUT‐reared pigs, while two involved in lipolysis, LPL and HSL were over‐expressed. HO diet also significantly reduced FASN expression. Both rearing system and diet affected the FA profile of tissues, particularly DSF. Overall, OUT‐reared pigs presented lower n6 to n3 FA ratios in all tissues, and lower monounsaturated (MUFA) and higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content in DSF. When compared to LO‐fed ones, HO‐fed pigs presented higher oleic acid proportions in all tissues, and lower SFA, higher MUFA and PUFA levels, as well as lower saturation, atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes in DSF. This study shows that rearing system and oleic acid supplementation have complementary effects and influence the nutritional quality of pork and DSF.
Beneath the hairy look: the hidden reproductive diversity of the Gibsmithia hawaiiensis complex (Dumontiaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Gabriel Daniela , Draisma Stefano G.A. , Schmidt William E. , Schils Tom , Sauvage Thomas , Maridakis Clio , Gurgel C. Frederico D. , Harris D. James , Fredericq Suzanne 
Published: October 2017

The tropical alga previously recognized as Gibsmithia hawaiiensis (Dumontiaceae, Rhodophyta) was recently suggested to represent a complex of species distributed throughout the Indo‐Pacific Ocean and characterized by a peculiar combination of hairy (pilose) gelatinous lobes growing on cartilaginous stalks. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on three genetic markers are presented here with the inclusion of new samples. Further diversity is reported within the complex, with nine lineages spread in four major phylogenetic groups. The threshold between intra‐ and interspecific relationships was assessed by species delimitation methods, which indicate the existence of 8–10 putative species in the complex. Two species belonging to the G. hawaiiensis complex are described here: Gibsmithia malayensis sp. nov. from the Coral Triangle and Gibsmithia indopacifica sp. nov., widely distributed in the Central and Eastern Indo‐Pacific. Morphological differences in the vegetative and reproductive structures of the newly described species are provided and compared to the previously described species of the complex. Additional lineages represent putative species, which await further investigation to clarify their taxonomic status. Gibsmithia hawaiiensis sensu stricto is confirmed to be endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, and Gibsmithia eilatensis is apparently confined to the Red Sea, with an expanded distribution in the region. New records of the G. hawaiiensis complex are reported from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Philippines, and the Federated States of Micronesia, indicating that the complex is more broadly distributed than previously considered. The isolated position of Gibsmithia within the Dumontiaceae is corroborated by molecular data.
The Role of Audiovisual Speech in the Early Stages of Lexical Processing as Revealed by the ERP Word Repetition Effect
Authors: Basirat Anahita , Brunellière Angèle , Hartsuiker Robert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNumerous studies suggest that audiovisual speech influences lexical processing. However, it is not clear which stages of lexical processing are modulated by audiovisual speech. In this study, we examined the time course of the access to word representations in long‐term memory when they were presented in auditory‐only and audiovisual modalities. We exploited the effect of the prior access to a word on the subsequent access to that word known as the word repetition effect. Using event‐related potentials, we identified an early time window at about 200 milliseconds and a late time window starting at about 400 milliseconds related to the word repetition effect. Our results showed that the word repetition effect over the early time window was modulated by the speech modality while this influence of speech modality was not found over the late time window. Visual cues thus play a role in the early stages of lexical processing.
Female bladder outlet obstruction: Common symptoms masking an uncommon cause
Authors: Malde Sachin , Solomon Eskinder , Spilotros Marco , Mukhtar Bashir , Pakzad Mahreen , Hamid Rizwan , Ockrim Jeremy , Greenwell Tamsin 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveBladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in women remains an underdiagnosed condition. Although diagnosed rarely in general urologic practice, its incidence in specialist centers has been reported to be up to 29%. In the present study we evaluated the incidence of female BOO in adult women referred for evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms or urinary incontinence, assessing its etiology and correlating this with its clinical presentation.MethodsThe present study consisted of a retrospective review of a prospectively acquired videourodynamic database of 1142 consecutive women referred for evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or urinary incontinence from March 2007 to December 2012 and diagnosed with BOO. After exclusions, data from 1014 patients were analyzed. BOO was defined using a combination of radiographic evidence of obstruction during the voiding phase of the urodynamic study and pressure–flow criteria (Solomon–Greenwell nomogram). Diagnosis was confirmed by cystoscopy, maximal urethral closure pressure, and magnetic resonance imaging as clinically indicated.ResultsIn all, 192 women (19%) were diagnosed with BOO. Functional sphincteric obstruction was diagnosed in 70 women (36%). The most common anatomical cause of BOO was previous anti‐incontinence surgery, followed by urethral stricture, diagnosed in 21% and 20% of patients, respectively. The most common presenting symptoms were storage phase symptoms of daytime and night‐time urinary frequency.ConclusionsBOO was present in 19% of women with LUTS. Functional sphincteric obstruction was the most common cause (36%), followed by obstruction after anti‐incontinence surgery (21%). The most common presenting symptom was daytime urinary frequency. BOO should be suspected in women with refractory LUTS, especially those presenting with urinary frequency.
Genome‐wide characterization of Phytophthora infestans metabolism: a systems biology approach
Authors: Rodenburg Sander Y. A. , Seidl Michael F. , de Ridder Dick , Govers Francine 
Published: October 2017

SummaryGenome‐scale metabolic models (GEMs) provide a functional view of the complex network of biochemical reactions in the living cell. Initially mainly applied to reconstruct the metabolism of model organisms, the availability of increasingly sophisticated reconstruction methods and more extensive biochemical databases now make it possible to reconstruct GEMs for less well‐characterized organisms, and have the potential to unravel the metabolism in pathogen–host systems. Here, we present a GEM for the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans as a first step towards an integrative model with its host. We predict the biochemical reactions in different cellular compartments and investigate the gene–protein–reaction associations in this model to obtain an impression of the biochemical capabilities of P. infestans. Furthermore, we generate life stage‐specific models to place the transcriptomic changes of the genes encoding metabolic enzymes into a functional context. In sporangia and zoospores, there is an overall down‐regulation, most strikingly reflected in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. To investigate the robustness of the GEM, we simulate gene deletions to predict which enzymes are essential for in vitro growth. This model is an essential first step towards an understanding of P. infestans and its interactions with plants as a system, which will help to formulate new hypotheses on infection mechanisms and disease prevention.
Prevalence and associated factors of impaired renal function in Chinese children: The China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Song Peige , Wang Manli , Chang Xinlei , Wang Jiawen , Wei Wei , An Lin 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAimTo assess the prevalence of impaired renal function and its associated factors in Chinese children.MethodsChildren aged 7–18 years in China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2009 were included as participants, and their anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP) and biochemical parameters were taken for analysis. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by using the Schwartz ‘original’ formula.ResultsThe prevalence of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and <75 mL/min per 1.73 m2 was 10.09% (95% CI: 8.03–12.11) and 1.01% (95% CI: 0.38–1.77), respectively. The prevalence of impaired renal function (eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) was 0.25%. Age was detected as a negative associated factor whereas hyperuricemia and elevated total cholesterol (TC) were positively associated factors for subjects with eGFR <90 mL/min per 1.73 m2. In the group of eGFR <75 mL/min per 1.73 m2, only elevated TC was related to the increased odds of decreased eGFR.ConclusionOur findings underscore the need for large‐scale programs to detect and treat the early‐stage impaired renal function in the paediatric population in China.
GREM2 nucleotide variants and the risk of tooth agenesis
Authors: Mostowska A , Biedziak B , Zadurska M , Bogdanowicz A , Olszewska A , Cieślińska K , Firlej E , Jagodziński PP 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe etiology of tooth agenesis (TA) is multifactorial and still not fully understood. The aim of the study was to test whether variants of GREM2, encoding a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist, are associated with the risk of this common dental anomaly in a Polish population.Subjects and MethodsDirect sequencing of the GREM2 coding sequence including exon/intron boundaries was performed in 95 patients with both hypodontia and oligodontia. All identified GREM2 variants were then further tested in an independent group of patients (n = 163) and controls (n = 184).ResultsThe previously described, functional GREM2 mutation (c.226C > G, p.Gln76Glu) was identified in two patients with hypodontia and associated dental anomalies, including taurodontism and microdontia. This mutation generating an allele with increased inhibitory activity was not detected in the control group. The second identified GREM2 variant, c.‐1‐21C > T (rs11806449), was not associated with the risk TA. The polymorphism allele frequency in both patients and controls was 0.21 (OR = 1.0, 95%CI: 0.76–1.46). The rs11806449 did not correlate either with the overall TA phenotype or hypodontia/oligodontia phenotypes.ConclusionOur study confirmed that GREM2 is a candidate gene for tooth agenesis, which mutations can explain, however, only a small fraction of the genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of this anomaly.
Response of MG63 osteoblasts on bacterial challenge is dependent on the state of differentiation
Authors: Hoppe T. , Göser V. , Kraus D. , Probstmeier R. , Frentzen M. , Wenghoefer M. , Jepsen S. , Winter J. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe present in vitro study examines molecular processes that are relevant during bone homeostasis after Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis infection with a focus on the differentiation level of osteoblasts. Regenerative processes are often hindered by the recurrence of bacterial infections, which can ultimately provoke a severe destruction of bone tissue. To obtain more detailed insights into such a complex scenario, we have used undifferentiated MG63 osteoblast‐like cells as an experimental paradigm to examine the impact of two oral pathogens, A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, on proliferation, cytotoxicity and osteogenic differentiation. Cell culture experiments were performed to analyze cellular behavior. The level of genes interfering with bone tissue integrity (matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors) and osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase, Runx2, human β‐defensin‐2) was compared in undifferentiated versus differentiated MG63 cells using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Functional activity of matrix metalloproteinases was quantified by zymography. Western blot analysis was used to verify the phosphorylation state of mitogen‐activated protein kinases p38 and extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinases 1/2. When co‐cultured with undifferentiated MG63 cells, oral pathogens provoked distinct cellular effects. Only A. actinomycetemcomitans reduced cell proliferation, increased cell death, and induced osteogenic differentiation. A comparison of matrix metalloproteinase network stability in the presence of oral pathogens revealed a partial sensitivity towards P. gingivalis but not A. actinomycetemcomitans. So, beside the proof of concept that MG63 cells co‐cultured with oral pathogens can serve as an in vitro model for mimicking destructive and regenerative events after bacterial infections, our data indicate that double infections might counterbalance otherwise positive effects.
Human capabilities in advanced dementia: Nussbaum's approach
Authors: Melander Catharina , Sävenstedt Stefan , Wälivaara Britt‐Marie , Olsson Malin 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore how Martha Nussbaum's approach to human capabilities can apply to dignity in the lives of people with advanced dementia living in nursing homes.BackgroundChallenges experienced when supporting people with advanced dementia who express problematic behaviours include understanding their needs and ensuring a dignified life for them.Design and methodsData were gathered using an ethnographic approach based on participatory observation. Nussbaum's capability approach was then used as a framework for the analysis. Four women diagnosed with advanced dementia who also expressed problematic behaviours were recruited from a nursing home in Northern Sweden. The data collection was performed during 2015.FindingsIndividuals with advanced dementia had difficulties in participating in the planning of their lives and achieving the human capability of practical reasoning. They were also at risk of being placed outside the social group, thus hindering them from attaining the human capability of affiliation. A dignified life for individuals with advanced dementia requires nursing staff to be present and to provide adapted support to ensure that the individual can actually pursue human capabilities.ConclusionCreating opportunities for the human capabilities of practical reasoning and affiliation is essential as they permeate all other human capabilities. For these individuals, it was crucial not only to create opportunities for human capabilities but also to attend to their expressions and needs and to guide and steer them towards a dignified life.Implications for PracticeThe normative structure of the capability approach described by Nussbaum can ensure that nursing staffs move beyond fulfilling patients’ basic needs to consider other capabilities vital for a dignified life.
Sugar metabolism and developmental stages of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis L.) seeds
Authors: de Souza Genaina Aparecida , dos Santos Dias Denise Cunha Fernandes , Pimenta Thaline Martins , Almeida Andrea Lanna , de Toledo Picoli Edgard Augusto , de Pádua Alvarenga Antônio , da Silva José Cleydson Ferreira 
Published: October 2017

Changes in the concentration of sugars and sucrose metabolism enzymes can characterize the developmental stages of a seed. In recalcitrant species such as Hevea brasiliensis L., little is known about these changes. We aimed to evaluate the three main stages of development of rubber tree seeds – histodifferentiation, cell elongation and accumulation of reserves. The activities of acid and neutral invertases (E.C. 3.2.1.26) and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13), and the concentrations of reducing sugars (RS), total soluble sugars (TSS) and sucrose (Suc) were determined concomitantly with the histochemical and anatomical evaluation of seed structure. Histodifferentiation in rubber tree seeds occurs up to 75 days after anthesis (DAA). The concentration of RS is high and of Suc is low during seed histodifferentiation, which occurs along with a visible increase in the number of cell divisions. After that period, there is an increase in the concentration of Suc (mg g−1) and in the number and size of starch granules, and a decrease in the concentration of RS (mg g−1). At that point, cell elongation occurs. At 135 DAA, there is an inversion in the concentration of these two sugars and an increase in reserve accumulation. Thus, in seeds of the evaluated clone, the period up to 75 DAA is characterized as the histodifferentiation stage, while from that time up to 120 DAA the cell elongation stage takes place. The final stage of seed maturation and reserve accumulation begins at 135 DAA, and the seed, including the embryo, is completely formed at 175 DAA.
Geology, Fluid Inclusion Characteristics and H–O–C Isotopes of Large Lijiagou Pegmatite Spodumene Deposit in Songpan–Garze Fold Belt, Eastern Tibet: Implications for ore Genesis
Authors: Fei Guangchun , Li Baohua , Yang Jiyi , Chen Xu , Luo Wei , Li Youguo , Tang Wenchun , Gu Chenghui , Zhong Wei , Yang Guibin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe large, newly discovered Lijiagou pegmatite spodumene deposit, is located southeast of the Ke'eryin pegmatite ore field, in the central Songpan–Garze Fold Belt (SGFB), Eastern Tibet. The Lijiagou albite spodumene pegmatites are unzoned, granite‐pegmatites of the subtype LCT (Lithium, Cesium, and Tantalum) and consist of medium‐ to coarse‐grained spodumene, lepidolite, microcline, albite, quartz, muscovite, and accessory amounts of beryl, cassiterite, columbite–tantalite and zircon. Secondary fluid inclusions in quartz and spodumene include two‐phase aqueous inclusions (V + L), mono‐phase vapor inclusions (V); three‐phase CO2‐rich CO2–H2O inclusions (CO2 + V + L) and less abundant liquid inclusions (L). The homogenization temperature of the fluid inclusions are low (257.3 to 204.3°C in early stage, 250.3 to 199.6°C in middle stage, 218.7 to 200.6°C in late stage). Fluid inclusions were formed during the long cooling period from the temperature of the pegmatite emplacement. Liquid–vapor–gas boiling was extensive during the middle and late stages. The salinity of the corresponding stages are 15.4 to 13.0 wt.% NaCl equiv., 12.5 to 9.1 wt.% NaCl equiv. and 9.8 to 7.8 wt.% NaCl equiv., respectively. δ18O values of fluid are 7.2 to 5.2‰, 5.6 to 3.9‰ and 2.7 to −0.2‰ from early to late stages; and δD range from −75.1 to −76.8‰, −59.0 to −73.5‰ and −61.6 to −85.5‰ respectively. The δ13C of CO2 values are −5.6 to −6.6‰, −8.5 to −19.9‰, −11.8 to −18.7‰ from early to late stages, suggesting that CO2 in the fluids were probably sourced from a magmatic system, possibly with some mixing of CO2 dissolved in groundwater. δD and δ18O values of fluid indicate that the fluids were originally magmatic water and mixed with some meteoric water in late stage. The magma evolution sequence in the Ke'eryin orefield, from the central two‐mica granite through the Lijiagou deposit out to the distal pegmatites, with the ages gradually decreasing, indicates that the Ke'eryin complex rocks are the product of multistage magmatic activity. The large Lijiagou spodumene deposit is a typical magmatic, fractional crystallization related pegmatite deposit.
Blood utilization in revision versus first‐time cardiac surgery: an update in the era of patient blood management
Authors: Hensley Nadia B. , Kostibas Megan P. , Yang William W. , Crawford Todd C. , Mandal Kaushik , Gupta Pranjal B. , Frank Steven M. , Brown Charles H. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDRelative to first‐time (primary) cardiac surgery, revision cardiac surgery is associated with increased transfusion requirements, but studies comparing these cohorts were performed before patient blood management (PBM) and blood conservation measures were commonplace. The current study was performed as an update to determine if this finding is still evident in the PBM era.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPrimary and revision cardiac surgery cases were compared in a retrospective database analysis at a single tertiary care referral center. Two groups of patients were assessed: 1) those having isolated coronary artery bypass (CAB) or valve surgery and 2) all other cardiac surgeries. Intraoperative and whole hospital transfusion requirements were assessed for the four major blood components.RESULTSCompared to the primary cardiac surgery patients, the revision surgery patients required approximately twofold more transfused units intraoperatively (p < 0.0001) and approximately two‐ to threefold more transfused units for the whole hospital stay (p < 0.0001). Intraoperative massive transfusion (>10 red blood cell [RBC] units) was substantially more frequent with revision versus primary cardiac surgery (2.6% vs. 0.1% [p < 0.0001] for isolated CAB or valve and 6.1% vs. 1.9% [p < 0.0001] for all other cardiac surgeries). Revision surgery was an independent risk factor for both moderate (6‐10 RBC units) and massive intraoperative transfusion.CONCLUSIONSIn the era of PBM, with restrictive transfusion strategies and a variety of methods for blood conservation, revision cardiac surgery patients continue to have substantially greater transfusion requirements relative to primary cardiac surgery patients. This difference in transfusion requirement was greater than what has been previously reported in the pre‐PBM era.