bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Opening Moves in Classroom Interaction
Authors: Aisyah Ginting Siti 
Published: December 2017

The analysis of classroom interaction is very important in teaching learning process in order to reach the learning objectives. The purpose of this study was to describe the types of opening moves used by the teacher through the learning process. The research was carried out in Senior High School. The design of the research was descriptive qualitative. The data were collected by observing and recording the teacher’s utterances during teaching learning process. The data were analyzed based on Sinclair and Coulthard (1975). The result of the study shows that elicitation and bound types were the dominant ones and followed by re-initiation (i), re-initiation (ii), direct, repeat, inform, listing, and check. One of the opening moves was not applied; it was reinforce. In conclusion, the teacher used all of the types of opening moves but the main focus was in elicitation in the classroom interaction.
Promoting Intercultural Competence of Thai University Students through Role-Play
Authors: Worawong Kanoknate , Charttrakul Kanjana , Damnet Anamai 
Published: December 2017

The current situation of international communication in globalization context requires intercultural competence (IC) to achieve successful communication (Crystal, 2003). Concerning this intercultural competence, non-verbal communication (NVC) plays a key role to indicate the success of having intercultural competence. On the other hand, Thai Ministry of Education (MOE) has launched the CEFR for the country policy in English teaching and learning (Ministry of Education, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to present major results of an investigation of intercultural competence, that is, the NVC. An innovative program implemented in this study is the CEFR and project- based activities (the CEFR-PBA). The study also examines Thai university students’ attitude towards this innovative class. This paper discusses the IC students learned from role-plays. The participants of the study were 44 students of third year English Education at a Thai Rajabhat University. Research method applies action research (Burns, 1999) and case study (Yin, Case Study Research: Design and Method, 2003). Data collection gained was from 1) videotape recordings of students’ role-play, and 2) the questionnaire. Data analysis for video recordings employed a NVC rating scale evaluated by native-speaker raters; while means, percentage, and SD were used for the questionnaire. Grounded theory’s color coding (Strauss & Cobin, 1990) will be utilized in analyzing the qualitative data from raters’ additional comment. Findings revealed students’ NVC performance were both appropriate on body movement and position as well as vocalic communication. Moreover, their attitude towards the CEFR-PBA was positive.
Enhancing the Students’ Positive Attitude in Learning Business English by Using Technology
Authors: Agustina Lia 
Published: December 2017

Many research findings have stated that the use of technology in EFL classroom results invaluable achievements and develops positive attitudes. Technology may integrate sounds, pictures, motions, and colors that figure out a natural picture of real life. The aim of the study was to enhance the students’ attitude toward learning English by using technology of internet that used as the data-finding resources while computer software used as an instrument to do the assigned project. The instruction was performed in a project simulating business meeting, done in a group of seven members. The study was an action research using a total of 52 students from Accounting Department of State Polytechnic of Malang in the year of 2015/2016. The study took 12 meetings, with 90 minutes for each meeting. The data were collected through interviews, questionnaire, and direct observation, pre-test and post-test. Result of the study showed that by using technology, the students’ positive attitude toward learning English was promoted.
Electron‐Transport‐Layer‐Assisted Crystallization of Perovskite Films for High‐Efficiency Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Ying‐Chiao , Chang Junwei , Zhu Liping , Li Xiaodong , Song Changjian , Fang Junfeng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCrystal engineering of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite materials through template‐directed nucleation and growth on PbI2 nuclei dispersed in a polar fullerene (C60 pyrrolidine tris‐acid, CPTA) electron transport layer (ETL) (CPTA:PbI2) is proposed as a route for controlling crystallization kinetics and grain sizes. Chemical analysis of the CPTA:PbI2 template confirms that CPTA carboxylic acid groups can form a monodentate or bidentate chelate with Pb(II), resulting in a lower nucleation barrier that promotes rapid formation of the tetragonal perovskite phase. Moreover, it is demonstrated that a uniform CH3NH3PbI3 film with highly crystalline and large domain sizes can be realized by increasing the spacing between nuclei to retard perovskite crystal growth via careful control of the preferred nucleation site distribution in the CPTA:PbI2 layer. The improved perovskite morphology possesses a long photoluminescence lifetime and efficient photocarrier transport/separation properties to eliminate the hysteresis effect. The corresponding planar heterojunction photovoltaic yields a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.20%, with a high fill factor (FF) of 81.13%. The average PCE and FF values for 30 devices are 19.03% ± 0.57% and 78.67% ± 2.13%, respectively. The results indicate that this ETL template‐assisted crystallization strategy can be applied to other organometal halide perovskite‐based systems.
N‐Arylated Sulfoximines as Cross‐Coupling Building Blocks
Authors: Bachon Anne‐Katrin , Steinkamp Anne‐Dorothee , Bolm Carsten 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe application of borylated N‐aryl sulfoximines as newly designed synthetic building blocks in Suzuki‐type cross coupling reactions offers rapid access to a wide range of N‐biaryl derivatives with potential relevance for medicinal chemistry and crop protection in good to excellent yields (up to 98%).magnified image
Mono‐Substituted Hydrocarbon Diastereomer Combinations Reveal Stapled Peptides with High Structural Fidelity
Authors: McWhinnie Fergus S. , Sepp Kristel , Wilson Charlotte , Kunath Tilo , Hupp Ted R. , Baker Terry S. , Houston Douglas R. , Hulme Alison N. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractModified peptides, such as stapled peptides, which replicate the structure of α‐helical protein segments, represent a potential therapeutic advance. However, the 3D solution structure of these stapled peptides is rarely explored beyond the acquisition of circular dichroism (CD) data to quantify bulk peptide helicity; the detailed backbone structure, which underlies this, is typically undefined. Diastereomeric stapled peptides based on helical sections of three proteins (αSyn, Cks1 and CK1α) were generated; their overall helicity was quantified by CD; and the most helical peptide from each series was selected for structural analysis. Solution‐phase models for the optimised peptides were generated using NMR‐derived restraints and a modified CHARMM22 force field. Comparing these models with PDB structures allowed deviation between the stapled peptides and critical helical regions to be evaluated. These studies demonstrate that CD alone is not sufficient to assess the structural fidelity of a stapled peptide.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (−)‐Stemonamine and Its Stereochemical Stability
Authors: Fujita Satoshi , Nishikawa Keisuke , Iwata Takayuki , Tomiyama Taishi , Ikenaga Hiroshi , Matsumoto Kenji , Shindo Mitsuru 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe first asymmetric total synthesis of (−)‐stemonamine is described. The key reactions included intramolecular acylation to construct the seven‐membered ring and a tandem [2+2] cycloaddition‐Dieckmann condensation reaction using an ynolate to form the fully substituted cyclopentenone moiety. Racemization and epimerization of the natural product were first experimentally demonstrated.
The Anticancer Potential of Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor Antagonists
Authors: De Lellis Laura , Cimini Annamaria , Veschi Serena , Benedetti Elisabetta , Amoroso Rosa , Cama Alessandro , Ammazzalorso Alessandra 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe effects on cancer‐cell proliferation and differentiation mediated by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) have been widely studied, and pleiotropic outcomes in different cancer models and under different experimental conditions have been obtained. Interestingly, few studies report and little preclinical evidence supports the potential antitumor activity of PPAR antagonists. This review focuses on recent findings on the antitumor in vitro and in vivo effects observed for compounds able to inhibit the three PPAR subtypes in different tumor models, providing a rationale for the use of PPAR antagonists in the treatment of tumors expressing the corresponding receptors.
Waste dump erosional landform stability – a critical issue for mountain mining
Authors: Martín‐Moreno Cristina , Martín Duque José F. , Nicolau Ibarra José M. , Muñoz‐Martín Alfonso , Zapico Ignacio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMining is the largest producer of solid wastes which, when released to land or into waterways, can cause harmful environmental impacts. This is mostly due to fluvial erosion, which is highly increased in mountain areas, due to abrupt slopes. We have analysed this situation at a mountain watershed (192 ha), where steep mined sites and their waste dumps are the main source of sediment in a Natural Park. This problem was tackled by building gabion check dams downstream from the mined sites. We used the DEM of Differences (DoD) method to quantify erosion and sediment yield from three waste dumps (5 ha). Their topography and substrate properties were analysed to understand the erosion problem. The sediment trapped by the check dams was quantified by electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The rainfall characteristics triggering an episode that filled the check dams with sediment in the winter 2009–2010, were studied to confirm whether it was a case of extreme precipitation conditions.The waste dumps sediment yield (353 ± 95 Mg ha−1 yr−1) suggests severe landform instability. Analysis of topographic and substrate properties confirmed long, steep slopes combined with highly erodible materials. The check dams proved to be inefficient in controlling sediment loads, as they had only functioned for four years of 31 of existence, having trapped 13 000 ± 660 m3of sediment, whereas we estimated that the waste dumps have yielded approximately three times more sediment for the same period. Rainfall analyses showed that neither intense nor extreme conditions (return period of 25 to 35 years) triggered the mobilization of 37 ± 2 Mg ha−1in a month. This study highlights the fact that mining operations in similar mountainous settings, with equivalent waste dump construction and reclamation practices, are currently unfeasible. We conclude that landform stability cannot be achieved at this site without landform changes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revised Site‐Visit Standards: A Quality‐Assurance Framework
Authors: Patton Michael Quinn 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBased on the chapters in this volume and feedback from others, this chapter presents a revised framework for site‐visit standards. The framework, for the first time, uses a quality‐assurance approach to distinguish minimum quality‐control standards for site visits in addition to quality‐enhancement principles aimed at ensuring excellence. The chapter concludes with a call to make evaluation fieldwork standards‐based.
The enigmatic relationship between epiphyseal fusion and bone development in primates
Authors: Brimacombe Conrad Stephen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEpiphyseal fusion in primates is a process that occurs in a regular sequence spanning a period of years and thus provides biological anthropologists with a useful marker of maturity that can be used to assess age and stage of development. Despite the many studies that have catalogued fusion timing and sequence pattern, comparatively little research has been devoted to understanding why these sequences exist in the first place. Answering this question is not necessarily intuitive; indeed, given that neither taxonomic affinities nor recent adaptations have been clearly defined, it is a challenge to explain this process in evolutionary terms. In all mammals, there is a tendency for the fusion of epiphyses at joints to occur close in sequence, and this has been proposed to relate to locomotor adaptations. Further consideration of the evidence suggests that linking locomotor behavior to sequence data alone is difficult to prove and may require a different type of evidence. Epiphyseal fusion should be considered in the context of other parameters that affect the developing skeleton, including how joint morphology relates to growth in length, as well as other possible morphological constraints. In recent years, developmental biology has been providing a better understanding of the molecular regulators of epiphyseal fusion. At some point in the near future, we may be able to link our understanding of the genetics of fusion timing to the possible selective mechanisms that are responsible for these sequences.
Reduced brain glutamine in female varsity rugby athletes after concussion and in non‐concussed athletes after a season of play
Authors: Schranz Amy L. , Manning Kathryn Y. , Dekaban Gregory A. , Fischer Lisa , Jevremovic Tatiana , Blackney Kevin , Barreira Christy , Doherty Timothy J. , Fraser Douglas D. , Brown Arthur , Holmes Jeff , Menon Ravi S. , Bartha Robert 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to use non‐invasive proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to monitor changes in prefrontal white matter metabolite levels and tissue microstructure in female rugby players with and without concussion (ages 18–23, n = 64). Evaluations including clinical tests and 3 T MRI were performed at the beginning of a season (in‐season) and followed up at the end of the season (off‐season). Concussed athletes were additionally evaluated 24–72 hr (n = 14), three months (n = 11), and six months (n = 8) post‐concussion. Reduced glutamine at 24–72 hr and three months post‐concussion, and reduced glutamine/creatine at three months post‐concussion were observed. In non‐concussed athletes (n = 46) both glutamine and glutamine/creatine were lower in the off‐season compared to in‐season. Within the MRS voxel, an increase in fractional anisotropy (FA) and decrease in radial diffusivity (RD) were also observed in the non‐concussed athletes, and correlated with changes in glutamine and glutamine/creatine. Decreases in glutamine and glutamine/creatine suggest reduced oxidative metabolism. Changes in FA and RD may indicate neuroinflammation or re‐myelination. The observed changes did not correlate with clinical test scores suggesting these imaging metrics may be more sensitive to brain injury and could aid in assessing recovery of brain injury from concussion.
Computed tomography diagnosed cachexia and sarcopenia in 725 oncology patients: is nutritional screening capturing hidden malnutrition?
Authors: Ní Bhuachalla Éadaoin B. , Daly Louise E. , Power Derek G. , Cushen Samantha J. , MacEneaney Peter , Ryan Aoife M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundNutrition screening on admission to hospital is mandated in many countries, but to date, there is no consensus on which tool is optimal in the oncology setting. Wasting conditions such as cancer cachexia (CC) and sarcopenia are common in cancer patients and negatively impact on outcomes; however, they are often masked by excessive adiposity. This study aimed to inform the application of screening in cancer populations by investigating whether commonly used nutritional screening tools are adequately capturing nutritionally vulnerable patients, including those with abnormal body composition phenotypes (CC, sarcopenia, and myosteatosis).MethodsA prospective study of ambulatory oncology outpatients presenting for chemotherapy was performed. A detailed survey incorporating clinical, nutritional, biochemical, and quality of life data was administered. Participants were screened for malnutrition using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and the Nutritional Risk Index (NRI). Computed tomography (CT) assessment of body composition was performed to diagnose CC, sarcopenia, and myosteatosis according to consensus criteria.ResultsA total of 725 patients (60% male, median age 64 years) with solid tumours participated (45% metastatic disease). The majority were overweight/obese (57%). However, 67% were losing weight, and CT analysis revealed CC in 42%, sarcopenia in 41%, and myosteatosis in 46%. Among patients with CT‐identified CC, the MUST, MST, and NRI tools categorized 27%, 35%, and 7% of them as ‘low nutritional risk’, respectively. The percentage of patients with CT‐identified sarcopenia and myosteatosis that were categorised as ‘low nutritional risk’ by MUST, MST and NRI were 55%, 61%, and 14% and 52%, 50%, and 11%, respectively. Among these tools, the NRI was most sensitive, with scores <97.5 detecting 85.8%, 88.6%, and 92.9% of sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and CC cases, respectively. Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, NRI score < 97.5 predicted greater mortality risk (hazard ratio 1.8, confidence interval: 1.2–2.8, P = 0.007).ConclusionsHigh numbers of nutritionally vulnerable patients, with demonstrated abnormal body composition phenotypes on CT analysis, were misclassified by MUST and MST. Caution should be exercised when categorizing the nutritional risk of oncology patients using these tools. NRI detected the majority of abnormal body composition phenotypes and independently predicted survival. Of the tools examined, the NRI yielded the most valuable information from screening and demonstrated usefulness as an initial nutritional risk grading system in ambulatory oncology patients.
On Hamilton decompositions of infinite circulant graphs
Authors: Bryant Darryn , Herke Sarada , Maenhaut Barbara , Webb Bridget S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe natural infinite analog of a (finite) Hamilton cycle is a two‐way‐infinite Hamilton path (connected spanning 2‐valent subgraph). Although it is known that every connected 2k‐valent infinite circulant graph has a two‐way‐infinite Hamilton path, there exist many such graphs that do not have a decomposition into k edge‐disjoint two‐way‐infinite Hamilton paths. This contrasts with the finite case where it is conjectured that every 2k‐valent connected circulant graph has a decomposition into k edge‐disjoint Hamilton cycles. We settle the problem of decomposing 2k‐valent infinite circulant graphs into k edge‐disjoint two‐way‐infinite Hamilton paths for , in many cases when , and in many other cases including where the connection set is or .
Attributing drivers of the 2016 Kenyan drought
Authors: Uhe Peter , Philip Sjoukje , Kew Sarah , Shah Kasturi , Kimutai Joyce , Mwangi Emmah , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , Singh Roop , Arrighi Julie , Jjemba Eddie , Cullen Heidi , Otto Friederike 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIn 2016 and continuing into 2017, Kenya experienced drought conditions, with over 3 million people in need of food aid due to low rainfall during 2016. Whenever extreme events like this happen, questions are raised about the role of climate change and how natural variability such as the El Niño ‐ Southern Oscillation influenced the likelihood and intensity of the event. Here we aim to quantify the relative contributions of different climate drivers to this drought by applying three independent methodologies of extreme event attribution. Analysing precipitation data for the South East and North West of Kenya we found no consistent signal from human‐induced climate change and thus conclude that it has not greatly affected the likelihood of low rainfall such as in 2016. However, 2016 was a La Niña year and we show that this event was indeed more likely because of the specific sea surface temperatures. There is a trend in temperatures in the region due to climate change that may have exacerbated the effects of this drought. By analysing precipitation minus evaporation and soil moisture, simulated by one climate model only, we did not see a reduction in moisture in simulations in the current climate compared with simulations without climate change. However, there are expected effects of higher temperatures that our simulations do not cover, such as increased demand on water resources and stress on livestock. Although we find no significant influence of climate change on precipitation, we cannot rule out that temperature‐related impacts of drought are linked to human‐induced climate change.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reaction between Barbituric Acid and Glycidol, Part III: Methylene Group Reaction with Glycidol at High Concentration
Authors: Lubczak Jacek , Lubczak Renata 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe reaction of barbituric acid and glycidol leads to formation of oligoetherols upon addition of glycidol both to the methylene group and imide groups of barbituric acid. The mechanism of reaction was established by kinetic studies on the reaction between 1,3‐dimethylbarbituric acid and glycidol used at high concentration. The obtained rate law and mechanism have been derived from kinetic studies and the results obtained before, where 1,3‐dimethylbarbituric acid and glycidol were used in comparable concentrations. The completed kinetic characteristics of the system is described. It has been found that glycidol reacted with methylene groups of 3‐dimethylbarbituric according to the equation: . The rate‐determining step was transformation of enolate into carbanion. Activation energy of the reaction was 61.3 kJ mol−1 · K−1. Proton transfer from methylene group of 1,3‐dimethylbarbituric into glycidol oxirane oxygen was observed by the 1H‐NMR spectroscopy.
Predictors of long‐term distress in female partners of men diagnosed with prostate cancer
Authors: Hyde Melissa K. , Legg Melissa , Occhipinti Stefano , Lepore Stephen J. , Ugalde Anna , Zajdlewicz Leah , Laurie Kirstyn , Dunn Jeff , Chambers Suzanne K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveFemale partners of men with prostate cancer (PCa) experience heightened psychological distress; however, long‐term distress for this group is not well described. We examined partner's psychological and cancer‐specific distress over 2 years and predictors of change.MethodsA cohort of 427 female partners (63% response; mean age 62.6 y) of PCa survivors completed baseline (2‐4 y post‐PCa treatment) assessments of anxiety, depression, and cancer‐specific distress and were followed up at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Caregiver burden, threat and challenge appraisal, self‐efficacy, and dyadic adjustment were assessed as potential predictors of distress.ResultsOver time, 23% to 25% of women reported anxiety; 8% to 11% depression; 5% to 6% high cancer‐specific distress. Higher caregiver burden and more threat appraisals were associated with increased distress, anxiety, depression, and cancer‐specific distress over time. Higher dyadic adjustment over time and more challenge appraisals at 24 months were associated with less distress, anxiety, and depression. Increased partner self‐efficacy was associated with lower distress and depression at baseline.ConclusionsA substantial subgroup of partners experience ongoing anxiety, with depression less prevalent but also persistent. Caregiver burden, partner self‐efficacy, threat, and challenge appraisals present as potential supportive care targets.