bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valve Tissue Engineering with Living Absorbable Threads
Authors: Liberski Albert Ryszard , Raynaud Christophe Michel , Ayad Nadia , Wojciechowska Dorota , Sathappan Abbirami 
Published: September 2016

Tissue engineering (TE) depends on the population of scaffolds with appropriate cells, arranged in a specific physiological direction using a variety of techniques. Here, a novel technique of creating “living threads” is described based on thin (poly(ε‐caprolactone) fibers of different diameters (23–243 μm). The fibers readily attract human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are firmly adhered. These versatile fibers can be used to produce dimensional shapes identical in shape to the cup‐like structure of a normal human valve, while preserving the specific orientation of both the cells and the fibers. The MSCs on leaflets and the cells cultured in flask shown similar epitopes expression when analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Together, these characteristics have important functional implications as living absorbable fibers can be a valuable resource in TE of living tissues, including heart valves.image
Iron‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOF) as Photocatalysts for Radical and Cationic Polymerizations under Near UV and Visible LEDs (385–405 nm)
Authors: Zhang Jing , Dumur Frederic , Horcajada Patricia , Livage Carine , Xiao Pu , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Gigmes Didier , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: September 2016

Photoinitiating systems consisting of a highly porous iron(III)‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF), an iodonium salt, and N‐vinylcarbazole are developed to initiate the free radical promoted cationic polymerization of epoxides under air and the free radical polymerization of acrylates in laminate upon exposure to near UV (385 nm) or visible (405 nm) light‐emitting diodes. These systems present a satisfactory initiating ability. Among the five tested iron carboxylate MOFs exhibiting different compositions and topologies, the flexible microporous iron(III) terephthalate MIL53 is particularly interesting, leading to a final conversion of 58% for the ring‐opening polymerization of epoxides. This provides the possibility of designing MOF/polymer composite materials with enhanced mechanical properties through the in situ incorporation of the MOF structure during the photopolymerization process.
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There are no very meager sets in the model in which both the Borel Conjecture and the dual Borel Conjecture are true
Authors: Shelah Saharon , Wohofsky Wolfgang 
Published: September 2016

We show that the model for the simultaneous consistency of the Borel Conjecture and the dual Borel Conjecture given in actually satisfies a stronger version of the dual Borel Conjecture: there are no uncountable very meager sets.
Parameter identification for short fiber‐reinforced plastics using optimal experimental design
Authors: Herzog Roland , Ospald Felix 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis article is concerned with the identification of stiffness parameters for short fiber‐reinforced plastic materials, produced by injection molding and modeled by an orientation averaged transversely isotropic material law. Experiments are carried out in the form of computer simulations for a representative volume element of the material. The goal is to robustly identify the parameters with the fewest number of representative volume element simulations and such that the macroscopic model response attains a minimal variance for arbitrary strains and fiber orientations. Our approach carries over to problems involving anisotropic viscosity, thermal expansion and conductivity, and structurally similar problems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topology optimization of plane structures using smoothed particle hydrodynamics method
Authors: Lin Jun , Guan Yanjin , Zhao Guoqun , Naceur Hakim , Lu Ping 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis paper presents an alternative topology optimization method based on an efficient meshless smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) algorithm. To currently calculate the objective compliance, the deficiencies in standard SPH method are eliminated by introducing corrective smoothed particle method and total Lagrangian formulation. The compliance is established relative to a designed density variable at each SPH particle which is updated by optimality criteria method. Topology optimization is realized by minimizing the compliance using a modified solid isotropic material with penalization approach. Some numerical examples of plane elastic structure are carried out and the results demonstrate the suitability and effectiveness of the proposed SPH method in the topology optimization problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An 11‐year experience of acquired von Willebrand syndrome in children diagnosed with Wilms tumour in a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Fosbury Emma , Szychot Elwira , Slater Olga , Mathias Mary , Sibson Keith 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWilms tumour (WT) is the commonest primary malignant renal tumour of childhood. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (avWS) is a well‐described paraneoplastic phenomenon, but it is uncommon and may not be detected until clinically significant bleeding is encountered during interventional procedures. Previous studies on small cohorts of patients have determined an incidence of between 4 and 8%. We have performed a retrospective study on cases of WT presenting over an 11.5‐year period to a paediatric haematology/oncology unit in a tertiary referral centre to review the incidence of avWS, bleeding phenotype, management, and response to treatment of the primary pathology.
A strategy for recovering continuous behavioral telemetry data from Pacific walruses
Authors: Fischbach Anthony , Jay Chadwick V. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTTracking animal behavior and movement with telemetry sensors can offer substantial insights required for conservation. Yet, the value of data collected by animal‐borne telemetry systems is limited by bandwidth constraints. To understand the response of Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) to rapid changes in sea ice availability, we required continuous geospatial chronologies of foraging behavior. Satellite telemetry offered the only practical means to systematically collect such data; however, data transmission constraints of satellite data‐collection systems limited the data volume that could be acquired. Although algorithms exist for reducing sensor data volumes for efficient transmission, none could meet our requirements. Consequently, we developed an algorithm for classifying hourly foraging behavior status aboard a tag with limited processing power. We found a 98% correspondence of our algorithm's classification with a test classification based on time–depth data recovered and characterized through multivariate analysis in a separate study. We then applied our algorithm within a telemetry system that relied on remotely deployed satellite tags. Data collected by these tags from Pacific walruses across their range during 2007–2015 demonstrated the consistency of foraging behavior collected by this strategy with data collected by data logging tags; and demonstrated the ability to collect geospatial behavioral chronologies with minimal missing data where recovery of data logging tags is precluded. Our strategy for developing a telemetry system may be applicable to any study requiring intelligent algorithms to continuously monitor behavior, and then compress those data into meaningful information that can be efficiently transmitted. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Adsorption Behavior of Trimethylolpropane‐Dehydroabietic Acid Ester at the Air–water Interface
Authors: Zhou Juying , Yang Yanping , Liang Yuyan , Lei Fuhou , Xu Haitang , Lu Jianfang , Zhao Yanzhi , Zhou Yan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA novel amphipathic trimethylolpropane‐dehydroabietic acid ester was successfully prepared with acyl chloride method. Various analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were employed to evaluate the chemical structure of the ester. The surface properties of the ester were investigated by surface tension and resonance light‐scattering techniques. The surfactant molecules are adsorbed at the water–air interface in different adsorption states, i.e., state 1 and 2. The dynamic adsorption behavior was studied by combining experimental results and a reorientation model. The molar fraction of solvent decreased, while the molar fraction of surfactant molecules increased with increasing ester concentration at the surface layer. The adsorption value of state 1 presented a unimodal shape and the adsorption value of state 2 presented an s‐shape with the increase in surface pressure. The free energy of adsorption is −36.06 kJ mol−1, more negative than the free energy of micellization (−29.69 kJ mol−1), it is actually easier for surfactant molecules to adsorb on the air–water interface.
Newly Diagnosed Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Randomized to 2 Trabecular Bypass Stents or Prostaglandin: Outcomes Through 36 Months
Authors: Vold Steven D. , Voskanyan Lilit , Tetz Manfred , Auffarth Gerd , Masood Imran , Au Leon , Ahmed Iqbal Ike K. , Saheb Hady 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Purpose
To examine outcomes through 36 months in phakic eyes with newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) naïve to therapy randomized to treatment with two trabecular micro-bypass stents or topical prostaglandin.

Methods
Subjects with POAG naïve to therapy, with intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥21 and ≤40 mmHg, were randomized to implantation of two stents or travoprost. Additional medication was to be prescribed post-treatment for elevated IOP or glaucomatous optic nerve findings. Of 101 randomized subjects, 100 subjects were followed for 24 months and 73 subjects were followed for 36 months. Follow-up on all subjects is ongoing.

Results
In this randomized cohort of 101 POAG subjects, 54 subjects underwent 2-stent surgery and 47 received topical travoprost. Mean pre-treatment IOP was 25.5 ± 2.5 mmHg in stent-treated eyes and 25.1 ± 4.6 mmHg in medication-treated eyes. By 3 years, mean IOP was 14.6 mmHg in stent eyes (with medication added in 6 eyes) and 15.3 mmHg in travoprost eyes (with a second medication added in 11 eyes). In the subset of eyes that did not require additional medical therapy, mean IOP was 14.5 mmHg and 15.7 mmHg in the respective groups. Ninety-one percent of stent eyes had 3-year IOP ≤18 mmHg without additional therapy (62% ≤ 15 mmHg) and 79% of travoprost eyes had 3-year IOP ≤18 mmHg (21% ≤ 15 mmHg). Safety was favorable in both groups.

Conclusions
In this prospective, randomized comparison of subjects with newly diagnosed POAG naïve to therapy, substantial IOP reduction with a favorable low complication rate was shown through 3 years after either 2 trabecular stents implanted as the sole procedure or topical travoprost therapy. These data suggest 2-stent implantation may be a viable initial treatment option comparable to topical prostaglandin in newly diagnosed POAG patients.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01443988.

Funding
Glaukos Corporation, Laguna Hills, CA.
Aorta to Right Atrial Tunnel with Postnatal Transcatheter Treatment
Authors: Chidambarathanu Shanthi , Raja Vijayalakshmi , Suresh Indrani , Sivakumar Kothandam 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn antenatal referral for fetal echocardiography at 20 weeks of gestation with the suspicion of a cyst in the right atrium led to the diagnosis of an aorta to right atrial communication in a fetus. It was considered to be right coronary to right atrial fistula by fetal echocardiography. There was no other fetal anomaly and the cardiac hemodynamics remained stable throughout pregnancy. Postnatally, there was a progressive enlargement of the tunnel that led to a decision for intervention. Aortography showed an anterior aorta to right atrial tunnel, which was occluded in the catheterization laboratory. We describe in this report, the antenatal findings noted in ultrasound imaging along with the postnatal presentation and management of this rare congenital anomaly.
Atomic and Molecular Phases of the Interstellar Medium
Authors: Mac Low Mordecai-Mark 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis review covers four current questions in the behavior of the atomic and molecular interstellar medium. These include whether the atomic gas originates primarily in cold streams or hot flows onto galaxies; what the filling factor of cold gas actually is in galactic regions observationally determined to be completely molecular; whether molecular hydrogen determines or merely traces star formation; and whether gravity or turbulence drives the dynamical motions observed in interstellar clouds, with implications on their star formation properties.
Molecules in Action: Extragalactic ISM at high resolution
Authors: Martín Sergio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDuring the last two decade, observations have shown the potential of molecular tracers to get insights into the physical processes taking place in the central regions of active galaxies. However, observations were severely limited by both sensitivity and resolution. This resulted also in a limited sample of bright enough galaxies where molecular species other than carbon monoxide could be observed. Current instruments like ALMA and the upcoming NOEMA are already changing our view of the extragalactic ISM molecular observations. In fact, it is now possible to study the physical properties of individual spatially resolved star forming GMCs in external galaxies, as well as resolving the physical structure of the ISM in the surroundings of AGNs at scales of a few parsecs. Here I quickly review some of the most recent observational studies in the nuclear regions of galaxies which are setting new standards in the ways we can study the extragalactic ISM properties.
Connecting the density structure of molecular clouds with star formation
Authors: Kainulainen Jouni 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn the current paradigm of turbulence-regulated interstellar medium (ISM), star formation rates of entire galaxies are intricately linked to the density structure of the individual molecular clouds. This density structure is essentially encapsulated in the probability distribution function of volume densities (ρ-PDF), which directly affects the star formation rates predicted by analytic models. Contrasting its fundamental role, the ρ-PDF function has remained virtually unconstrained by observations. I describe in this contribution the recent progress in attaining observational constraints for the column density PDFs (N-PDFs) of molecular clouds that function as a proxy of the ρ-PDFs. Specifically, observational works point towards a universal correlation between the shape of the N-PDFs and star formation activity in molecular clouds. The correlation is in place from the scales of a parsec up to the scales of entire galaxies, making it a fundamental, global link between the ISM structure and star formation.
The role of interstellar filaments in regulating the star formation efficiency and shaping the initial mass function
Authors: Könyves Vera , André Philippe 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRecent surveys at infrared and submillimeter wavelengths with the Spitzer and Herschel space observatories suggest that star formation in dense molecular gas is governed by essentially the same “laws” in nearby Galactic clouds and distant external galaxies. This raises the possibility of a unified picture for star formation in the Universe from individual-cloud scales to galaxy–wide scales. We summarize the star formation scenario favored by Herschel studies of the nearest molecular clouds of the Galaxy which point to the key role of the quasi-universal filamentary structure pervading the cold interstellar medium.
Molecular cloud fragmentation and core collapse
Authors: Basu Shantanu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractI review some steps in the conversion of molecular cloud gas into stars and planets, with an emphasis in this presentation on the early stage molecular cloud fragmentation that leads to elongated filaments/ribbons. Magnetic fields can play a crucial role in all stages and need to be invoked particularly for early stage fragmentation as well as in late core collapse where it may control disk formation. I also review some elements of hydrodynamic modeling of disk evolution.
SCUBA2 observations of prestellar cores
Authors: Ward-Thompson Derek , Pattle Kate 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe show data from the SCUBA2 camera on JCMT, of molecular clouds. We focus on starless cores within the clouds. We present data of the Taurus region and show how the environment is affecting some cores' appearance in this region. We compare the SCUBA2 data with Herschel data and discuss the sensitivity of SCUBA2 to surface brightness in the sub-millimetre. We show how this leads to its ability to pick out the densest cores at a given temperature. Hence SCUBA2 preferentially picks out gravitationally bound pre-stellar cores. We discuss the effects of the magnetic field, and how this lends support to a model for the formation and evolution of cores in filamentary molecular clouds.
Theory of Protostellar Disk Formation
Authors: Li Zhi-Yun , Krasnopolsky Ruben , Shang Hsien 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHow large, 100-AU scale, rotationally supported disks form around protostars remains unsettled, both observationally and theoretically. In this contribution, we discuss the theoretical difficulties with disk formation in the presence of a dynamically significant magnetic field and their possible resolutions. These difficulties are caused by the concentration of magnetic field lines close to the forming star by protostellar collapse, and the strong magnetic braking associated with the concentrated field. Possible resolutions include magnetic field-rotation axis misalignment, non-ideal MHD effects, and turbulence. The field-rotation misalignment has been shown to promote disk formation, especially when the field is relatively weak and the misalignment angle is relatively large. Non-ideal MHD effects can enable the formation of small disks at early times. How such disks grow at later times remains to be fully quantified. Turbulence has been found to enable disk formation in a number of simulations, but the exact reason for its beneficial effect is debated.
Star formation rates, laws, thresholds
Authors: Walch Stefanie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOn scales of ≳ several hundred parsec, there are relatively well defined observed relations between the star formation rate surface density of a galaxy and its gas content. I present a short summary of the so-called ‘star formation laws’ and discuss the most established models to explain their origin. Nevertheless, none of the models can explain the offset of these relations, which requires a low star formation efficiency within the total and/or molecular gas. Stellar feedback is proposed to limit the star formation efficiency locally. I discuss the available feedback mechanisms and show recent simulation results on the evolution of the multi-phase interstellar medium under the influence of gravity, cooling, feedback-driven outflows and heating.
Molecular gas in galaxies: changing conditions from disks to starbursts
Authors: Wilson Christine D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn understanding galaxy evolution, one central question is how star formation is regulated in galaxies. Changes in star formation rates are likely tied to changes in the interstellar medium, particularly the molecular gas which is the fuel for star formation. I will discuss our recent results which use data from the Herschel Space Observatory, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, and other telescopes to determine the typical density, temperature, and surface density of the molecular gas in various nearby galaxies. Comparing the properties of molecular gas in starburst and other active galaxies with more quiescent spiral disks provides some clues as to how changes in the physical state of the gas, such as mean density, can lead to enhanced star formation rates.
Evolution of the ISM in main-sequence versus starburst galaxies: A motivation for molecular deep fields
Authors: Aravena Manuel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn the last decade, significant progress has been made to understand the evolution with redshift of star formation processes in galaxies. Its is now clear that the majority of galaxies at z<3 form a nearly linear correlation between their stellar mass and star formation rates and appear to create most of their stars in timescales of ~1 Gyr. At the highest luminosities, a significant fraction of galaxies deviate from this main-sequence, showing short duty cycles and thus producing most of their stars in a single burst of star formation within ~100 Myr, being likely driven by major merger activity. Despite the large luminosities of starbursts, main-sequence galaxies appear to dominate the star formation density of the Universe at its peak.While progress has been impressive, a number of questions are still unanswered. In this paper, I briefly review our current observational understanding of this main-sequence vs starburst galaxy paradigm, and address how future observations will help us to have better insights into the fundamental properties of the interstellar medium of these galaxies. Finally, I show recent attempts to conduct molecular deep field observations and the motivation to perform molecular deep field spectroscopy with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array.
Theoretical considerations for star formation at low and high redshift
Authors: Elmegreen Bruce G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStar formation processes in strongly self-gravitating cloud cores should be similar at all redshifts, forming single or multiple stars with a range of masses determined by local magneto-hydrodynamics and gravity. The formation processes for these cores, however, as well as their structures, temperatures, Mach numbers, etc., and the boundedness and mass distribution functions of the resulting stars, should depend on environment, as should the characteristic mass, density, and column density at which cloud self-gravity dominates other forces. Because the environments for high and low redshift star formation differ significantly, we expect the resulting gas to stellar conversion details to differ also. At high redshift, the universe is denser and more gas-rich, so the active parts of galaxies are denser and more gas rich too, leading to slightly shorter gas consumption timescales, higher cloud pressures, and denser, more massive, bound stellar clusters at the high mass end. With shorter consumption times corresponding to higher relative cosmic accretion rates, and with the resulting higher star formation rates and their higher feedback powers, the ISM has greater turbulent speeds relative to the rotation speeds, thicker gas disks, and larger cloud and star complex sizes at the characteristic Jeans length. The result is a more chaotic appearance at high redshift, bridging the morphology gap between today's quiescent spirals and today's major-mergers, with neither spiral nor major-merger processes actually in play at that time. The result is also a thick disk at early times, and after in-plane accretion from relatively large clump torques, a classical bulge. Today's disks are thinner, and torque-driven accretion is slower outside of inner barred regions. This paper reviews the basic processes involved with star formation in order to illustrate its evolution over time and environment.