bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implantation of autologous peripheral nerve grafts into the substantia nigra of subjects with idiopathic Parkinson's disease treated with bilateral STN DBS: a report of safety and feasibility
Authors: van Horne Craig G. , Quintero Jorge E. , Gurwell Julie A. , Wagner Renee P. , Slevin John T. , Gerhardt Greg A. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
One avenue of intense efforts to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) involves the delivery of neurotrophic factors to restore dopaminergic cell function. A source of neurotrophic factors that could be used is the Schwann cell from the peripheral nervous system. The authors have begun an open-label safety study to examine the safety and feasibility of implanting an autologous peripheral nerve graft into the substantia nigra of PD patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery.

METHODS
Multistage DBS surgery targeting the subthalamic nucleus was performed using standard procedures in 8 study participants. After the DBS leads were implanted, a section of sural nerve containing Schwann cells was excised and unilaterally delivered into the area of the substantia nigra. Adverse events were continuously monitored.

RESULTS
Eight of 8 participants were implanted with DBS systems and grafts. Adverse event profiles were comparable to those of standard DBS surgery. Postoperative MR images did not reveal edema, hemorrhage, or significant signal changes in the graft target region. Three participants reported a patch of numbness on the outside of the foot below the sural nerve harvest site.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the safety outcome of the procedure, targeted peripheral nerve graft delivery to the substantia nigra at the time of DBS surgery is feasible and may provide a means to deliver neurorestorative therapy.
Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01833364 (clinicaltrials.gov)
Association between trauma and acute hemorrhage of cavernous malformations in children: report of 3 cases
Authors: Fanous Andrew A. , Jowdy Patrick K. , Lipinski Lindsay J. , Balos Lucia L. , Li Veetai 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
Cavernous hemangiomas are benign congenital vascular abnormalities. Intracerebral cavernous hemangiomas have an appreciable risk of spontaneous hemorrhage. Little is known as to whether head trauma increases the risk of bleeding for these lesions. In this study, the authors present a case series of 3 patients with posttraumatic nonspontaneous hemorrhage of intracerebral cavernous malformations (CMs). For the first time, to the authors' knowledge, they propose that trauma might constitute a risk factor for acute hemorrhage in intracerebral cavernomas.

METHODS
The authors reviewed the charts of all patients with a new diagnosis of intracerebral cavernoma at their pediatric hospital between 2010 and 2014. Patients with a history of head trauma prior to presentation were subsequently studied to identify features common to these posttraumatic, hemorrhage-prone lesions.

RESULTS
A history of head trauma was identified in 3 of 19 cases. These 3 patients presented with seizures and/or headaches and were found to have acute hemorrhage within a cavernous hemangioma. None of these patients had any history of abnormal neurological symptoms. All 3 abnormal vascular lesions had associated developmental venous anomalies (DVAs). The 3 patients underwent resection of their respective vascular abnormalities, and the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma was confirmed with postsurgical tissue pathology. All 3 patients had complete resolution of symptoms following complete excision of their lesions.

CONCLUSIONS
Trauma may represent a risk factor for acute hemorrhage in patients with CMs. The presence of associated DVAs may represent a risk factor for posttraumatic hemorrhage of cavernomas. Excision should be considered in such cases, if feasible.
LIGHT CURVES OF 213 TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE FROM THE ESSENCE SURVEY
Authors: Narayan G. , Rest A. , Tucker B. E. , Foley R. J. , Wood-Vasey W. M. , Challis P. , Stubbs C. , Kirshner R. P. , Aguilera C. , Becker A. C. , Blondin S. , Clocchiatti A. , Covarrubias R. , Damke G. , Davis T. M. , Filippenko A. V. , Ganeshalingam M. , Garg A. , Garnavich P. M. , Hicken M. , Jha S. W. , Krisciunas K. , Leibundgut B. , Li W. , Matheson T. , Miknaitis G. , Pignata G. , Prieto J. L. , Riess A. G. , Schmidt B. P. , Silverman J. M. , Smith R. C. , Sollerman J. , Spyromilio J. , Suntzeff N. B. , Tonry J. L. , Zenteno A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The ESSENCE survey discovered 213 Type Ia supernovae at redshifts

between 2002 and 2008. We present their R- and I-band photometry, measured from images obtained using the MOSAIC II camera at the CTIO Blanco, along with rapid-response spectroscopy for each object. We use our spectroscopic follow-up observations to determine an accurate, quantitative classification, and precise redshift. Through an extensive calibration program we have improved the precision of the CTIO Blanco natural photometric system. We use several empirical metrics to measure our internal photometric consistency and our absolute calibration of the survey. We assess the effect of various potential sources of systematic bias on our measured fluxes, and estimate the dominant term in the systematic error budget from the photometric calibration on our absolute fluxes is ∼1%.
THE HERSCHEL ORION PROTOSTAR SURVEY: SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS AND FITS USING A GRID OF PROTOSTELLAR MODELS
Authors: Furlan E. , Fischer W. J. , Ali B. , Stutz A. M. , Stanke T. , Tobin J. J. , Megeath S. T. , Osorio M. , Hartmann L. , Calvet N. , Poteet C. A. , Booker J. , Manoj P. , Watson D. M. , Allen L. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We present key results from the Herschel Orion Protostar Survey: spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and model fits of 330 young stellar objects, predominantly protostars, in the Orion molecular clouds. This is the largest sample of protostars studied in a single, nearby star formation complex. With near-infrared photometry from 2MASS, mid- and far-infrared data from Spitzer and Herschel, and submillimeter photometry from APEX, our SEDs cover 1.2–870 μm and sample the peak of the protostellar envelope emission at ∼100 μm. Using mid-IR spectral indices and bolometric temperatures, we classify our sample into 92 Class 0 protostars, 125 Class I protostars, 102 flat-spectrum sources, and 11 Class II pre-main-sequence stars. We implement a simple protostellar model (including a disk in an infalling envelope with outflow cavities) to generate a grid of 30,400 model SEDs and use it to determine the best-fit model parameters for each protostar. We argue that far-IR data are essential for accurate constraints on protostellar envelope properties. We find that most protostars, and in particular the flat-spectrum sources, are well fit. The median envelope density and median inclination angle decrease from Class 0 to Class I to flat-spectrum protostars, despite the broad range in best-fit parameters in each of the three categories. We also discuss degeneracies in our model parameters. Our results confirm that the different protostellar classes generally correspond to an evolutionary sequence with a decreasing envelope infall rate, but the inclination angle also plays a role in the appearance, and thus interpretation, of the SEDs.
Ubiquitin Ligases and Deubiquitinating Enzymes in CD4+ T Cell Effector Fate Choice and Function
Authors: Layman Awo A. K. , Oliver Paula M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe human body is exposed to potentially pathogenic microorganisms at barrier sites such as the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. To mount an effective response against these pathogens, the immune system must recruit the right cells with effector responses that are appropriate for the task at hand. Several types of CD4+ T cells can be recruited, including Th cells (Th1, Th2, and Th17), T follicular helper cells, and regulatory T cells. These cells help to maintain normal immune homeostasis in the face of constantly changing microbes in the environment. Because these cells differentiate from a common progenitor, the composition of their intracellular milieu of proteins changes to appropriately guide their effector function. One underappreciated process that impacts the levels and functions of effector fate-determining factors is ubiquitylation. This review details our current understanding of how ubiquitylation regulates CD4+ T cell effector identity and function.
Correlation between Reproductive Hormonal Level and Osteoporosis among Women in Mongolia
Authors: Lkhagvasuren Unentsatsral , Jav Sarantuya , Zagdsuren Battogtokh 
Published: May 2016

Background: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common bone metabolic disease associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteopathic fragility fractures, which can lead to significant morbidity. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) across the stages of menopause in Mongolian women.Methods: Two hundred sixty participants aged 50.1±4.4 years were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were obtained from each participant and analyzed using ELISA. Data were first stratified and analyzed by bone mineral density status (osteoporotic, osteopenic, and normal) and then by menopause status. Between group differences were analyzed using t-tests, and correlations were assessed using the Spearman rank order test, with Bonferonni correction. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package Statistical Software version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Significance was set at p<0.05.Results: The mean menopausal age was 48.4±3.4, which is comparable to the Mongolian population mean menopausal age. The mean serum estradiol level in the normal BMD group was 18.3±13.1 pg/ml and 15.8±10.7 pg/ml in the osteoporotic group. The mean serum FSH in the normal BMD group was 54.5±44.1 pg/ml and 81.3±34.2 pg/ml in the osteoporotic group. The mean serum LH level in the normal BMD group was 53.1±41.2 and 75.1±26.1 pg/ml in the osteoporotic group. The mean T and Z score were lower in the osteoporotic group. FSH and LH levels significantly differed across menopause stages in that those who were post-menopausal had higher levels compared to those who were pre- or peri-menopausal. Both hormones, FSH and LH, showed weak negative correlations with BMD level, but not E2. There were significant negative correlations between FSH and Speed of Sound (SOS) (r=-0.16; p<0.01), and between osteoporosis with age (r=-0.30, p<0.05) and number of childbirths (r=-0.14 p<0.05). Discussion: Osteoporosis is a significant problem with associations to hormone levels in post-menopausal women. In our study, mean serum estradiol levels decreased with age, and the mean FSH and LH levels were higher in women of later menopausal stage. Further study is warranted to investigate the bone related studies to establish better statistical references among Mongolian women.
The Effect of Different Adhesives and Setting Times on Bond Strength between Biodentine and Composite
Authors: Çolak Hakan , Tokay Uğur , Uzgur Recep , Uzgur Zeynep , Ercan Ertuğrul , Hamidi Mehmet M. 
Published: May 2016

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3 different adhesives with different functional monomers, on the shear bond strength (SBS) of Biodentine®. Methods Acrylic blocks (n = 90) were prepared and a 2-mm height x 4-mm diameter hole was opened in each block. Every hole was completely restored with Biodentine®. Before preparation of composite restorations over the Biodentine® (2-mm height x 2-mm diameter), 3 different adhesives (Etch-37 (37%) w/BAC by Bisco & Prime Bond N&T, Clearfil S3 Bond and Adper Prompt L-Pop) were applied. SBS was evaluated using a universal testing machine, and failure mode for each sample was recorded. The results were statistically analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Results When the megapascal values of all groups were compared, although there was no statistically significant difference in the different setting times (p>0.05), statistically significant differences were observed among all adhesive groups (p<0.05). Moreover, the highest SBS values were observed in the Clearfil S3 Bond group. Conclusions Clinical performance of Biodentine® may be affected by adhesive procedures and its setting time.
Investigation of Effect of Fiber Orientation on Mechanical Behavior of Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Kuthe Chetan D. , Uddanwadiker Rashmi V. 
Published: May 2016

Background Existing studies have included little discussion of anisotropic and material non linearity of muscle tissue, and fiber orientation–based material properties of skeletal muscle tissue are not reported well in literature. There has been some dispute about material response of muscle in different fiber directions. It is necessary to have a better understanding of fiber orientation based material properties of skeletal muscle, to ensure the accuracy of computational models of muscle. To this end, the aim of this study was to investigate fiber orientation–based material properties in vitro and simulate them with finite element analysis (FEA). Methods Tensile testing was performed on 5 samples of skeletal muscle from a goat at a strain rate of 0.15 s−1 with fiber orientation along the length (P) and 45° incline to the fiber direction (I). FEA was completed using the experimental condition to validate the results of the in vitro test. The cross-fiber direction was simulated using FEA. Results The stresses for all fiber directions at maximum stretch were 1,973.2 kPa for fiber direction P, 1,172 kPa for direction I and 430 kPa for the cross-fiber direction. The tensile strengths of the skeletal muscle were 0.44 MPa for P and 0.234 MPa for I. The elastic modulus of muscle tissue in all fiber directions was 1.59 MPa for fiber direction P (Ep), 0.621 MPa for 45° direction I (EI) and 0.43 MPa for the cross-fiber direction (Ec). The displacement of the muscle sample against the maximum load was small along the fiber direction. The results of the present study showed that muscle tissue was stiffer in the fiber direction than in the cross-fiber direction. Conclusions The stiffness of skeletal muscle is changed as the fiber orientation of skeletal muscle tissue changed.
The Romantic Days of Juniata Charcoal Iron
Authors: Fagley Paul T. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
In the annals of Pennsylvania history, few industries had as significant an impact as iron and steel. From its beginnings in the southeast, the industry headed westward after the American Revolution, until firmly landing in Pittsburgh in the mid-nineteenth century. Historian Arthur C. Bining documented the origins of ironmaking in the state, and numerous authors wrote of the later steelmaking centers in the Lehigh Valley and western Pennsylvania. Sandwiched in between is the Juniata Valley, which has been and is a major transportation corridor, with trails, the turnpike, canal, railroad, and modern highway successively following the Juniata River through central Pennsylvania. It seems a backwater today, but centered in the nineteenth century, the iron and steel industry briefly stopped here and sent the name “Juniata” around the world. In 136 years, around 150 charcoal-fueled furnaces and forges produced iron regarded as among the finest in the world. During its peak, the Juniata produced nearly half of all iron in Pennsylvania, and a fifth of the national output. With the rise of big steel, the Juniata Valley became a mere footnote in history. Few today know of the incredible legacy of Juniata iron. This article brings to life the story of Juniata iron, its rise, prominence, and fall, and sheds light on the veracity of its reputation.
Perry County Politics and Rails: The Perry County Railroad Extension vs. the Newport and Sherman's Valley Railroad and the County Seat Debate
Authors: Smith Rebecca Colyer 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The county seat debate in Perry County took more than seventy years to be finalized. Out of desire to use the railroads to secure the county seat, two railroad companies were formed in the late 1880s: one primarily supported by Newport businessmen and the other by those from New Bloomfield. In 1891 both companies were building in the same area, and before an agreement could be reached regarding right of way, the Perry County Railroad Extension, a narrow-gauge rail system, created a grade crossing over the Newport and Sherman's Valley Railroad, a standard-gauge rail system. The different gauges made transfer or sharing of rails challenging. The subsequent lawsuit between these two entities reached the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. This is one of only a few cases in which a narrow-gauge railroad won right of way in a suit against a standard gauge.
Rol protagónico de mujeres durante la etapa pre y postrevolucionaria en la ciudad de Esteli, Nicaragua
Authors: Suárez Soza Martha Miurell , Rodríguez Rivera Naví 
Published: May 2016

Es un estudio cualitativo, cuya estrategia metodológica es el método biográfico. Su objetivo general es la reconstrucción de las vivencias de una mujer para visibilizar el rol protagónico de las mujeres, que contribuyeron al desarrollo psicosocial en sus ámbitos personales, familiares, comunitarios y sociales en momentos históricos relevantes, en la ciudad de Estelí. El Método Biográfico estrategia apropiada para generar aprendizajes a través de la sistematización y la reflexión. Para J. Pujadas (2000), la construcción de la memoria, junto a las formas de afirmación de la identidad individual, reflejadas en las autobiografías y en otros tipos de documentos personales, muestra una pluralidad de voces y de sensibilidades en la interpretación de la realidad social. Los resultados demuestran la beligerancia de las mujeres en los momentos históricos, la limitantes sociales que obstaculizan su protagonismos en el desarrollo psicosocial de los entornos diversos. Los elementos facilitadores vividos como país que propician el desarrollo de oportunidades y espacios para que las mujeres asuman roles que trascienden de los tradicionalmente asignados, perpetuados por las instituciones sociales como la familia, la escuela y la religión.
Construcción de significados sobre liderazgo y su contribución a la superación de la pobreza extrema
Authors: Betancur Serna Lina Alejandra , Herrera Herrera Ertilia 
Published: May 2016

El presente artículo está centrado en comprender la construcción del significado de liderazgo de las Madres Líderes de la Comuna 1-Medellín y su contribución a la superación de la pobreza extrema en el marco del Programa Medellín Solidaria-Más Familias en Acción. En este sentido, se plantearon preguntas relacionadas con la construcción del propio liderazgo, los actores inmersos y la contribución realizada a la superación de la pobreza, apuntando a la generación de nuevas reflexiones mediante las cuales fuera posible fortalecer las acciones de liderazgo en la ciudad de Medellín. El abordaje metodológico se realizó desde la investigación cualitativa y desde una perspectiva funcionalista, cuyo eje transversal es el enfoque de las capacidades; la estrategia metodológica se llevó a cabo desde el estudio de caso cualitativo y la interpretación de los datos se realizó atendiendo los principios de la etnometodología y la fenomenología, constituyéndose en meta-teorías para la comprensión del lenguaje y los significados construidos por las líderes. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian el liderazgo como una práctica social que posibilita direccionar procesos, movilizar, promover acciones orientadas a la identificación de recursos y potencialidades que proporcionen la construcción de mejores condiciones de vida y el fortalecimiento del tejido social.
Desempeño del personal del área de farmacia de la Clínica Médica san Juan de Dios
Authors: Moreno Torrez Aura Dilsia , Ruíz Hernández Elba Lisbeth , Pérez Pérez Yasari Lisbeth , Castillo Herrera Beverly 
Published: May 2016

En esta investigación se detalla el diseño del parámetro de evaluación que utilizan los jefes para medir el desempeño de cada trabajador/a, así mismo la opinión de los/as asegurados en cuanto a la atención que reciben de esta importante área, el análisis de las fortalezas, oportunidades debilidades y amenazas (FODA), permitió proponer alternativas que pueden ser implementadas para una mayor eficiencia. Esta es una investigación cualitativa. Se aplicaron entrevistas a directores y trabajadores, y se aplicó una encuesta a los usuarios. Entre los resultados se muestra que los/as trabajadores/as presentan un déficit en su desempeño laboral, se planifica incorrectamente, los objetivos institucionales no están claros, existe un clima desagradable de trabajo: negatividad, egoísmo, desmotivación, y desconfianza. Esta situación repercute en la atención a los usuarios. Se recomienda la creación de estándares de servicio para una atención a sus clientes, capacitación a empleados, y crear un sistema formal de quejas y sugerencias para conocer la opinión del usuario.
Contabilización de ingresos y egresos en la alcaldía La Estanzuela durante el I semestre 2014
Authors: Centeno Valdivia Karla Patricia , García Moreno Enma Lisseth , Ramos Lira Cleydi , Alfaro Manzanarez Jeyling María 
Published: May 2016

En el presente trabajo describe el proceso de contabilización de los ingresos y egresos en la alcaldía municipal de La Estanzuela6 durante el primer semestre del año 2014, para lo cual se tomó en cuenta lo establecido en las normas técnicas, normas básicas, principios y manual de Contabilidad Gubernamental, con el fin de constatar que la contabilización de ingresos y egresos se estuviese efectuando de forma correcta, además se recomiendan una serie de asientos complementarios a los que dicha alcaldía realiza para que dicha contabilización se realice de forma adecuada. Actualmente la alcaldía de La Estanzuela se encuentra en la categoría “C” con ingresos mayores de seis millones de córdobas y menores a diez millones, los cuales el 30% conforman el presupuesto municipal. Según el enfoque filosófico es una investigación cualitativa.
Proceso de ejecución y contabilización del presupuesto en la alcaldía de Yalagüina durante el 2013
Authors: Obando Romero Isayra Betsabeth , Acuña Acevedo Fiana Del Rosario , Rivera Zavala Maria Amparo , A Jeyling María 
Published: May 2016

El tema abordado es: Proceso de ejecución y contabilización del presupuesto municipal en la alcaldía de Yalagüina durante el año 2013; dicha investigación describe el proceso de aprobación y ejecución de proyectos, requisitos que deben cumplir los proveedores para ofrecer bienes y/o servicios a la municipalidad, así como los estados financieros con los documentos contables necesarios para realizar la rendición de cuentas de los fondos ejecutados durante el periodo. El principal propósito para investigar es analizar el proceso de ejecución y contabilización de los fondos asignados a la alcaldía en el 2013; dicho análisis incluye determinar el cumplimiento de los objetivos propuestos y las dificultades presentadas con el fin de emitir recomendaciones. Para recolectar información se aplicaron entrevistas dirigidas a los cuatro responsables de las áreas que inciden en el proceso de ejecución presupuestaria, una guía de observación y una de revisión documental; así como también se hizo uso de bibliografía localizada en páginas web, libros y monografías encontradas en la biblioteca Urania Zelaya de FAREM Estelí. Los resultados muestran los principales registros contables, documentación soporte y aplicación de leyes y principios de contabilidad gubernamental que utilizan para registrar la ejecución de los fondos del presupuesto.