bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Multi-Material 3D Printing for Improved Functionality and Modularity of Open Source Low-Cost Prosthetics: A Case Study
Authors: Bijadi Sachin , de Bruijn Erik , Tempelman Erik Y. , Oberdorf Jos 
Published: October 2017

Low-cost 3D desktop printing, although still in its infancy, is rapidly maturing, with a wide range of applications. With its ease of production and affordability, it has led to development of a global maker culture, with the design and manufacture of artefacts by individuals as a collaborative & creative hobbyist practice. This has enabled mass customization of goods with the potential to disrupt conventional manufacturing, giving more people access to traditionally expensive products like prosthetics and medical devices [1], as is the case with e-NABLE, a global community providing open source prosthetics for people with upper limb deficiencies.
However one of the major barriers to proliferation of 3D printing as a major manufacturing method is the limitation of compatible materials for use with the technology [2]. This places constraints on the design approach, as well as the complexity & functionality of artefacts that can be produced with 3D printing as compared to traditional manufacturing methods. As a result, devices like the e-NABLE Raptor Reloaded prosthetic hand, which is designed specifically to be produced via a single extruder FDM desktop 3D printer, have limited functionality as compared to conventional prosthetics, leading to low active use and prosthesis abandonment [3]. However, with the advent of multi-material desktop 3D printing, and increasing availability of a broader range of compatible materials (of varying characteristics) [2], there is scope for improving capabilities of low-cost prosthetics through the creation of more sophisticated multi-material functional integrated devices.
This work documents the exploration of potential applications of multi-material 3D printing to improve production, capabilities and usability of low-cost open source prosthetics. Various material combinations were initially studied and functional enhancements for current 3D printed prosthetics were prototyped using key material combinations identified. Further, a user-centered design approach was utilized to develop a novel multi-material anthropomorphic prosthetic hand ‘ex_machina’ based on a modular platform architecture, to demonstrate the scope for reduced build complexity and improved dexterity & functional customization enabled by dual extrusion FDM desktop 3D printing. A full prototype was built & tested with a lead user, and results analyzed to determine scope for optimization.
Physiological Assessment of Cardiac Muscle Post-Irreversible Electroporation Therapy
Authors: Mattison Lars M. , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: October 2017

Ablations have become the gold clinical standard of drug resistant atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is projected to affect 50 million people by the year 20501. Today, two primary methods of ablation are used clinically: radio frequency and cryoablation. These ablation technologies are equally effective1 but still cause complications. A majority of these complications arise from the fact that both technologies require a thermal change in the tissue to cause cell death.
Thermal change of the tissue while effective, can be subject to many different variables that may result in collateral damage. These include levels of focal blood flow, location of vessels near the ablation site, and/or adjacent tissue damage causing clinical issues such as esophageal fistulas or phrenic nerve injury. Irreversible Electroporation serves as a possible non-thermal alternative. This therapy is a train of high voltage (>500V/cm) short DC pulses that cause pores to form in the cell membrane. If a large enough electric field is applied, then the pores in the cell membrane can cause permanent damage resulting in cell death.
To date, the majority of irreversible electroporation research that has been done has examined the use of this approach for treating cancerous tumors in the skin, prostate, and liver. Very little study of this potential treatment relating to the heart has been done other than synchronizing delivery of the therapy with the heartbeat to not induce ventricular fibrillation. The appeal of a potentially more predictable lesion would be highly desired in this clinical realm. Here we present initial investigations as to the functional response of cardiac tissue to electroporative energy via the NanoKnife.
Comparative analysis of the scope of European Union paediatric investigation plans with corresponding orphan designations
Authors: Ecker Andrea , Mariz Segundo , Naumann-Winter Frauke , Norga Koenraad , Barisic Ingeborg , Girard Thomas , Tomasi Paolo , Mentzer Dirk , Sepodes Bruno 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundMarket forces may not be sufficient to stimulate research and development of medicines for small patient populations, such as children and patients with rare diseases. Both the European Union Orphan and Paediatric Regulations were introduced to address the unmet public health needs of these smaller patient populations through the use of incentives, rewards and obligations. Developers for new medicines for rare diseases must agree a paediatric investigation plan (PIP) or waiver with the European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) Paediatric Committee (PDCO), and can also apply for an orphan designation (OD) from the EMA’s Committee of Orphan Medicinal Products (COMP). The scope of both the OD and the PIP (or waiver) is defined by the agreed condition.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyse the approach of PDCO and COMP in defining the appropriate condition for a PIP or OD, respectively, in order to investigate potential challenges in the paediatric development of orphan medicines which have to meet the requirements of both legislations.MethodsA comparative analysis of PIP conditions and OD conditions was performed for medicines that have been reviewed by both Committees.ResultsWe found that in the substantial majority of cases there is no divergence between the conclusions of COMP and PDCO with regard to the condition for which a medicine is to be developed.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that a collaborative approach allows both Regulations to work synergistically to foster pharmaceutical development for rare diseases in childhood.
Diagnostic accuracy of three clinical dehydration scales: a systematic review
Authors: Falszewska Anna , Szajewska Hania , Dziechciarz Piotr 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo systematically assess the diagnostic accuracy of the Clinical Dehydration Scale (CDS), the WHO Scale and the Gorelick Scale in identifying dehydration in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE).DesignThree databases, two registers of clinical trials and the reference lists from identified articles were searched for diagnostic accuracy studies in children with AGE. The index tests were the CDS, WHO Scale and Gorelick Scale, and reference standard was the percentage loss of body weight. The main analysed outcomes were the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR) and negative LR.ResultsTen studies were included. In high-income countries, the CDS provided a moderate-to-large increase in the post-test probability of predicting moderate to severe (≥6%) dehydration (positive LR 3.9–11.79), but it was of limited value for ruling it out (negative LR 0.55–0.71). In low-income countries, the CDS showed limited value both for ruling in and ruling out moderate-to-severe dehydration. In both settings, the CDS showed poor diagnostic accuracy for ruling in or out no dehydration (<3%) or some dehydration (3%–6%). The WHO Scale showed no or limited value in assessing dehydration in children with diarrhoea. With one exception, the included studies did not confirm the diagnostic accuracy of the Gorelick Scale.ConclusionLimited evidence suggests that the CDS can help in ruling in moderate-to-severe dehydration (≥6%) in high-income settings only. The WHO and Gorelick Scales are not helpful for assessing dehydration in children with AGE.
Assessment of retinoblastoma RNA reflux after intravitreal injection of melphalan
Authors: Winter Ursula , Nicolas Michael , Sgroi Mariana , Sampor Claudia , Torbidoni Ana , Fandiño Adriana , Chantada Guillermo L , Munier Francis L , Schaiquevich Paula 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundIntravitreal injection of chemotherapy in retinoblastoma eyes with vitreous seeds may lead to a risk of extraocular tumour dissemination that has not been assessed so far.AimsTo develop a sensitive and clinically feasible technique to assess for potential retinoblastoma cell reflux after intravitreal injection of melphalan.MethodsFilter papers were cut in 6 mm diameter circles and sterilised before use. Eyes with retinoblastoma vitreous seeds (group D, International Classification) received weekly intravitreal melphalan injections (20 µg or 30 µg/dose) followed by cryotherapy as part of local treatment. Immediately after finishing the injection and cryotherapy, filter papers were placed on the injection site and on the cryoprobe tip to assess for the expression of the cone-rod homeobox gene (CRX) by real-time qPCR as a surrogate of retinoblastoma RNA. The assay was developed and validated to determine sensitivity, linearity, recovery, repeatability and reproducibility.ResultsThe assay for quantitation of CRX expression was linear in the range of 1 to 1000 cells. The lowest limit of detection was one retinoblastoma cell and allowed to recover 100% of the cell load in external supplementation. A total of 14 eyes received 22 cycles of intravitreal melphalan and were evaluated for potential extraocular tumour cell dissemination using the developed technique. None of the cycles were positive for CRX in samples from the scar or from the cryoprobe tip.ConclusionsA sensitive and simple method of tumour cell assessment has been developed that can be used in the clinics to assess for potential extraocular dissemination after intravitreal injections to assure its performance.
Establishing diagnostic criteria for Perry syndrome
Authors: Mishima Takayasu , Fujioka Shinsuke , Tomiyama Hiroyuki , Yabe Ichiro , Kurisaki Ryoichi , Fujii Naoki , Neshige Ryuji , Ross Owen A , Farrer Matthew J , Dickson Dennis W , Wszolek Zbigniew K , Hattori Nobutaka , Tsuboi Yoshio 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo establish international diagnostic criteria for Perry syndrome, a disorder characterised by clinical signs of parkinsonism, depression/apathy, weight loss, respiratory symptoms, mutations in the DCTN1 gene and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology.MethodsData from the published literature and newly identified patients were gathered and analysed during and after the International Symposium on Perry syndrome in Tokyo to identify diagnostic criteria for Perry syndrome.ResultsEighty-seven patients with Perry syndrome carrying DCTN1 mutations from 20 families were included in this study, and common signs of the disorder were identified, including parkinsonism (95.2% of patients), depression/apathy (71.4%), respiratory symptoms (66.7%) and weight loss (49.2%).ConclusionsBased on our findings, we propose the following definitive diagnostic criteria for Perry syndrome: the presence of four cardinal signs of Perry syndrome, accompanied by a mutation in DCTN1; or a family history of the disease, parkinsonism and a mutation in DCTN1; or the presence of four cardinal signs and pathological findings that include nigral neuronal loss and TDP-43 pathology. As patients with Perry syndrome present with uniform clinical, genetic and pathological features, we further propose the disorder be termed ‘Perry disease.’
Permian radiolarian biostratigraphy
Authors: Zhang Lei , Feng Qinglai , He Weihong 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

The Permian Period is one of the most varied times, not only in oceanic environments, but also for the evolution of the radiolarian assemblages. Permian radiolarians have been extensively studied, and great progress has been achieved recently in their biostratigraphy. Seventeen Permian radiolarian zones are summarized here. Among these, seven zones are assigned to the latest Carboniferous–early Permian, namely (in ascending order): the
Pseudoalbaillella bulbosa
Assemblage Zone, the
Pseudoalbaillella u-forma
–
Pseudoalbaillella elegans
Assemblage Zone, the
Pseudoalbaillella lomentaria
–
Pseudoalbaillella sakmarensis
Assemblage Zone, the
Pseudoalbaillella rhombothoracata
Interval Zone, the
Albaillella xiaodongensis
Assemblage Zone, the
Albaillella sinuata
Abundance Zone and the
Pseudoalbaillella ishigai
Abundance Zone. Five zones are attributed to the middle Permian, including the
Pseudoalbaillella globosa
Interval Zone, the
Follicucullus monacanthus
Interval Zone, the
Follicucullus porrectus
Interval Zone, the
Follicucullus scholasticus
Interval Zone and the
Follicucullus charveti
Interval Zone. Five zones belong to the middle Permian–late Permian, including the
Albaillella cavitata
Interval Zone, the
Albaillella levis
Interval Zone, the
Albaillella excelsa
Interval Zone, the
Albaillella triangularis
Interval Zone and the
Albaillella yaoi
Abundance Zone. These Permian radiolarian biozones and their correlations with conondont zones or other chronostratigraphic schemes are discussed. The phylogenetic model of radiolarians through the Permian Period is also revised.
Early Modern Ottoman Science: A New Materialist Framework
Authors: Küçük B. Harun 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article is a programmatic statement advocating a materialist reading of early modern Ottoman science. I argue that a history of science that is sensitive to the material life of Ottoman subjects will help scholars cut through the unwarranted vocabulary of “Islamic science,” “Westernization” or “Ottoman civilization.” Two mini studies substantiate the programmatic claims. The first study presents a preliminary reinterpretation of the earliest mention of Copernican astronomy in Turkish, dated 1662. The second study reveals the maritime and mercantile genealogy of the eighteenth-century Ottoman prayer compass.
The effects of cannabidiol on persecutory ideation and anxiety in a high trait paranoid group
Authors: Hundal Harneet , Lister Rachel , Evans Nicole , Antley Angus , Englund Amir , Murray Robin M , Freeman Daniel , Morrison Paul D 
Published: October 2017

Background: Previous studies have suggested that cannabidiol has anxiolytic and antipsychotic properties, raising hopes that cannabidiol will translate to the psychiatric clinic. Cannabidiol may be particularly useful for anxiety and paranoia in those at-risk of major mental illness. Methods: Immersion in a controlled 3D virtual-reality scenario was used to assay persecutory ideation and anxiety in a sample of non-clinical volunteers ( n=32) pre-selected for high paranoid traits. Participants were randomised to receive oral cannabidiol (600 mg) or placebo 130 min prior to entering virtual-reality. Well-validated rating scales were used to assay persecutory thinking and anxiety. Salivary cortisol concentration, heart rate and blood pressure were measured over the course of the experimental session. Results: Immersion in the virtual-reality session elicited anxiety as indexed by the Beck’s anxiety inventory ( p<0.005), and increased cortisol concentration ( p=0.05), heart rate ( p<0.05) and systolic blood pressure ( p<0.05). However, cannabidiol had no impact upon any of these effects, except for a strong trend to increase anxiety ( p=0.09). Cannabidiol had no effect on persecutory ideation as assayed by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences questionnaire or the State Social Paranoia Scale. Conclusions: In contrast to previous studies, there was no evidence of any benefits of cannabidiol on anxiety or persecutory ideation in healthy volunteers with high trait paranoia. However, a larger sample will be required for a definitive study.
Systemic lupus erythematosus with and without a family history: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen L Y , Shi Z R , Tan G Z , Han Y F , Tang Z Q , Wang L 
Published: October 2017

Objective The objective of this paper is to investigate the association of clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters between familial systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and sporadic SLE. Methods All relevant literature was retrieved from the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. The qualities of these studies were evaluated using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The characteristics and clinical manifestations of involved individuals were extracted from each study. Pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated using the random effects-method, and the heterogeneity between studies was quantified using the I2 statistic. Results Of 330 studies identified by the search strategy, six were included in this review. In total, 733 cases were familial SLE and 1405 were sporadic SLE. Analysis revealed that photosensitivity, nephritis and thrombocytopenia were negatively associated with familial SLE, with OR (95% CI) values of 0.73 (0.60–0.89), 0.72 (0.59–0.88) and 0.75 (0.57–0.98), respectively. Conclusions Photosensitivity, thrombocytopenia and renal involvement could be more common in non-familial SLE, which should be further confirmed by well-designed studies with large populations.
Leadership mindset in mental health
Authors: Ng Lillian , Steane Richard , Scollay Natalie 
Published: October 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the concept of mindset for psychiatrists who are considering stepping into the leadership arena. Methods: Qualitative themes were extracted from dialogue on leadership development at a Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists forum for early career psychiatrists. Results: Three key themes were identified: adapting to a professional identity as psychiatrists; developing a mindset for leadership; and acting intentionally to seek opportunities for leadership. Conclusions: Shifts in professional identity occur in the transition from trainee to specialist as early career psychiatrists become increasingly aware of broad systemic factors in clinical care. The concept of a mindset, distinct from a skillset of knowledge and expertise, may be an emergent quality for psychiatrists who are seeking to develop their leadership potential.
Compliance of metabolic monitoring at rehabilitation facilities
Authors: Benson Catherine , Kisely Steve , Korman Nicole , Moss Katherine 
Published: October 2017

Objectives: To examine compliance with routine metabolic monitoring at four rehabilitation facilities within the Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Services in Queensland. Methods: A retrospective chart audit was undertaken on 63 residents of rehabilitation facilities with electronic health records from 1 October 2014 to 30 March 2015. Results: Evidence of any metabolic monitoring was recorded for 87% of residents. Compliance rates differed for monitoring waist circumference (97%), blood pressure (97%), high-density lipoprotein (79%), triglycerides (81%) and plasma glucose (83%). Evidence of communication with residents and primary healthcare providers were each found in 41% of the sample. Conclusions: In current clinical practice, metabolic monitoring is high for residents of rehabilitation facilities in Queensland with serious mental illness. However, many residents do not receive adequate communication regarding their results and, disturbingly, results are not forwarded to their primary healthcare providers. This can result in people not receiving treatment for modifiable factors of metabolic syndrome.
Designing With Game-Based Learning: Game Mechanics From Middle School to Higher Education
Authors: Nadolny Larysa , Alaswad Zina , Culver Dennis , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2017

Background. The use of game-based learning strategies in higher education has shown promise to increase student motivation and achievement. Little is known about which game mechanics are most appropriate and effective for learners at different academic levels. Aim. This article examines teacher selection and implementation of game mechanics in 27 courses from middle school to higher education designed with game-based learning. Method. 27 educators participated in an open-ended survey on the design of their course. Measures included an open response survey on patterns and design of game mechanics with results validated through member checking. Results. Findings included different choices of game attritubes and game elements in courses in middle school, high school, and higher education. Teacher selection and inclusion of game mechanics changed over time to better meet the needs of students. Conclusions. The structure of game-based learning at different levels will vary to meet the developmental and academic needs of students, but more work is needed in determining which strategies are most effective for learning.
Outcome After Crossing Femoropopliteal Chronic Total Occlusions Based on Optical Coherence Tomography Guidance
Authors: Schaefers Johannes F. , Schwindt Arne G. , Maritati Gabriele , Torsello Giovanni , Pannucio Giuseppe 
Published: October 2017

Aims: The crossing of chronic total occlusions (CTOs) is the key step for an endovascular treatment. The Ocelot system is a novel device that combines a steerable drilling tip with optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology. It provides intraluminal imaging to help the crossing of CTOs in the femoropopliteal segment. Aim of the study was to determine early and midterm results after recanalization with this device. Methods and Results: During a period of 16 months, 84 CTOs were treated using the Ocelot system and prospectively registered. The primary end points were technical success and the primary and secondary patency of the lesion. Risk factors associated with early and midterm results were also analyzed. In all, 58 (69.0%) lesions were treated for intermittent claudication, 26 (31.0%) for critical limb ischemia, 34 (40.5%) were classified as Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II D lesions, and 22 (26.2%) showed severe calcifications. The technical success rate was 72.6%. During 36 months of follow-up (mean 25.9), there were 10 reinterventions. The primary and secondary patency at 36 months were 54.2% and 68.1%, respectively. Conclusions: In our experience, the Ocelot system would appear to be a safe and effective tool for increasing the applicability of endovascular techniques. However, the midterm results did not show drastic improvement.