bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing imaging modalities in the assessment of fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Ravanbakhsh Naseem , Browne Debra , Weaver Carly , Gholikhani Asal , Kavarian Patil , Mitsinikos Tania 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common liver disease in children. Liver biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and transient elastography (TE) are imaging modalities that can monitor fibrosis and steatosis noninvasively. More studies are needed to identify whether imaging modalities can provide accurate and reproducible data. We hypothesize that MRE provides reliable data similar to that of TE when compared to liver biopsy in children with MASLD/metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of children with liver biopsy‐proven MASLD at Children's Hospital Los Angeles between September 2017 and January 2023, investigating and comparing the predictive accuracy of MRE and TE in the detection of high‐grade fibrosis on liver biopsy.ResultsSeventy‐seven patients were reviewed, all of whom had undergone liver biopsy, MRE and TE for evaluation of MASLD. Fibrosis was identified in 90% of liver biopsies. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) of MRE and TE for detection of high‐grade fibrosis were 0.817 and 0.750, respectively, and not significantly different (p = 0.4785).ConclusionWe demonstrate that MRE and TE did not accurately predict high‐grade fibrosis on liver biopsy. Between the two noninvasive imaging modalities, the correlation of identifying high‐grade fibrosis was not statistically different; however, the AUROC for MRE was slightly superior to that of TE. Studies with larger cohorts will be required to validate these findings.
Femoral anteversion angle is more advantageous than TT‐TG distance in evaluating patellar dislocation: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Jiahui , Ma Xinlong , Ma Jianxiong , Zhang Shixiong , Wang Ying , Bai Haohao , Lu Bin , Wu Yanfei , Dai Jing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to report the parameter characteristics of the femoral anteversion angle (FAA) and tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT‐TG) distance in patients with patellar instability compared to healthy individuals and to evaluate their reliability in predicting patellar dislocation, providing potential indications for osteotomy.MethodsA retrospective collection of consecutive patients with patellar instability constituted the study group, while individuals without patellofemoral disorder served as the control group. Measurement of the FAA and TT‐TG distance were conducted by lower extremity computed tomography scans and knees with true patellar dislocation were recorded. The diagnostic capability of the FAA and TT‐TG distance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve (AUC), determining the pathological values by sensitivity and specificity.ResultsThe FAA (21.6 ± 9.0°) and TT‐TG distance (20.1 ± 4.8 mm) in the study group were significantly greater than the control group (10.6 ± 7.9° and 15.6 ± 4.6 mm, respectively) (p < 0.001). The AUCs for patellar dislocation were 0.869 for FAA and 0.712 for TT‐TG distance, with pathological cut‐off values of 18.2° and 18.2 mm, respectively. The odds ratios for FAA and TT‐TG distance were 1.185 and 1.125, respectively (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with patellar instability exhibited significantly greater FAA and TT‐TG distance compared to healthy individuals. The FAA demonstrated superior predictive capability for patellar dislocation compared to the TT‐TG distance. The FAA (>18.2°) measured by surgical transepicondylar axis and TT‐TG distance (>18.2 mm) were the potential pathological thresholds. Additionally, an increase of 1° in FAA and 1 mm in TT‐TG distance was associated with a 18.5% and 12.5% increased risk of patellar dislocation, respectively. Surgeons should be aware of the risk of patellar dislocation associated with rotational malalignment.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
High‐frequency sampling captures variability in phytoplankton population‐specific periodicity, growth, and productivity
Authors: Hynes Annette M. , Winter Jordan , Berthiaume Chris T. , Shimabukuro Eric , Cain Kelsy , White Angelicque , Armbrust E. Virginia , Ribalet François 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Hawaii Ocean Time‐series (HOT) at Station ALOHA (22.75°N, 158°W) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) serves as a critical vantage point for observing plankton biomass production and its ecological implications. However, the HOT program's near‐monthly sampling frequency does not capture shorter time scale variability in phytoplankton populations. To address this gap, we deployed the SeaFlow flow cytometer for continuous monitoring during HOT cruises from 2014 to 2021. This approach allowed us to examine variations in the surface abundance and cell carbon content of specific phytoplankton groups: the cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and Crocosphaera as well as a range of small eukaryotic phytoplankton ( 5 μm). Our data showed that daily to monthly variability in Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus abundance matches seasonal and interannual variability, while small eukaryotic phytoplankton and Crocosphaera showed the highest seasonal and interannual fluctuations. The study also found that eukaryotic phytoplankton and Crocosphaera had higher median cellular growth rates (0.076 and , respectively) compared to Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus (0.037 and , respectively). These variances in abundance and growth rates indicate that shifts in the community structure significantly impact primary productivity in the NPSG. Our results underscore the importance of daily to monthly phytoplankton dynamics in ecosystem function and carbon cycling.
Biogeochemical cycling of trace elements and nutrients in ferruginous waters: Constraints from a deep oligotrophic ancient lake
Authors: Janssen David J. , Damanik Adrianus , Tournier Nicolas , Tolu Julie , Winkel Lenny , Cahyarini Sri Yudawati , Vogel Hendrik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIron‐rich, ferruginous waters were the dominant geochemical regime for most of Earth's history. Modern ferruginous waters are found in stratified, sulfur‐poor lakes, and serve as crucial analogs for biogeochemical cycling throughout Earth's past. Here we present the first depth‐resolved data of physical structure, nutrients and trace elements from Lake Poso (Indonesia), a deep oligotrophic ancient lake. Lake Poso is ferruginous, with anoxia below ~ 90 m depth, placing it among the world's largest ferruginous lakes. Physical stratification is weaker than other tropical anoxic lakes, indicating sensitivity for paleoclimate reconstructions. Trace elements and nutrients are predominantly shaped by the oxic–anoxic transition. Manganese– and Fe oxyhydroxide–driven biogeochemical cycling occurs at distinct depth horizons, with Co and Ni controlled by Mn and showing shallow release in anoxic waters, while V, Cr, P, and As are controlled by Fe, with release in surface sediments and diffusive transport. Chromium is nonquantitatively removed in anoxic waters, in contrast to widespread assumptions in Cr‐based paleoreconstructions. Oxycline U and Se removal corresponds to a local N minimum, suggesting biological reduction and/or uptake. These first ferruginous water Se data also show removal in sediments, indicating sediment signals reflect multiple removal processes and informing Se‐based paleoreconstructions, while the absence of sediment U removal contrasts other anoxic basins. A comparison with other ferruginous lakes demonstrates how local influences drive deviations from expectations in other systems, and highlight common, generalizable ferruginous basin features. Therefore, these data will guide research in ferruginous settings across space and time, and improve paleoreconstructions from ferruginous sediment records.
Polyconvex inelastic constitutive artificial neural networks
Authors: Holthusen Hagen , Lamm Lukas , Brepols Tim , Reese Stefanie , Kuhl Ellen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe characterization of the material behavior of inelastic materials requires a high degree of expert knowledge to identify and constitutively describe the material response. In addition, specific models are usually pre‐selected in the course of characterization and only the best parameters for these specific models are determined, but therefore not necessarily the best models. Unfortunately, a more general description of these pre‐selected models results in an increased effort during characterization, which is barely practicable by hand. This is where machine learning algorithms may help us. To get the best of both worlds, powerful machine learning and sound thermodynamic considerations, inelastic Constitutive Artificial Neural Networks (iCANNs) discover generic formulations of the Helmholtz free energy and pseudo potential. Constitutive relations guide us towards thermodynamically consistent descriptions of stresses and inelastic strains; a concept that is applicable to a wide range of inelastic phenomena from viscoelasticity, elastoplasticity, phase transformations to growth and remodeling of living tissues. Here, we equip the original iCANN framework to guarantee polyconvexity a priori, which ensures at least one minimizing deformation. We investigate the ability of our iCANN to identify the material behavior of a viscoelastic polymer at different stretch levels and strain rates. We made our source code, data, and example accessible to the public at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084354.
Exposure to Valsartan Products Containing Nitrosamine Impurities in the United States, Canada, and Denmark
Authors: Eworuke Efe , Shinde Mayura U. , Hou Laura , Paterson J. Michael , Jensen Peter Bjødstrup , Maro Judith C. , Rai Ashish , Pottegård Anton , Scarnecchia Daniel , Liang Yuanling , Johnson Deborah , Platt Robert W. , Lee Hana , Bradley Marie C. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFollowing the mass recall of valsartan products with nitrosamine impurities in July 2018, the number of patients exposed to these products, the duration of exposure, and the potential for cancer remains unknown. Therefore, we assessed the extent and duration of use of valsartan products with a nitrosamine impurity in the United States, Canada, and Denmark.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative healthcare data from the US FDA Sentinel System, four Canadian provinces that contribute to the Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies (CNODES), and the Danish National Prescription Registry. Patients, 18 years and older between May 2012 and December 2020 with a valsartan dispensing were identified in each database. Patients were followed from the date of valsartan dispensing until discontinuation. We defined four valsartan exposure categories based on nitrosamine impurity status; recalled generic products with confirmed NDMA/NDEA levels (recalled‐tested); recalled generic products that were not tested (recalled); non‐recalled generic and non‐recalled branded products. In Denmark, the recalled‐tested category was not included due to absence of testing data. The proportion and duration of use of valsartan episodes stratified by nitrosamine‐impurity status was calculated.ResultsWe identified 3.3 and 2.8 million (United States) and 51.3 and 229 thousand (Canada) recalled‐tested and recalled valsartan exposures. In Denmark, where valsartan exposure was generally low, there were 10 747 recalled exposures. Immediately after the recall notices were issued, there was increased rates of switching to a non‐valsartan ARB. The mean duration of use of the recalled‐tested products was 167 (±223.1) and 146 (±255.8) days in the United States and Canada respectively. For the recalled products, mean cumulative duration of use was 178 (±249.6), 269 (±397.3) and 166 (±251.0) days in the United States, Canada, and Denmark, respectively.ConclusionIn this cohort study, despite widespread use of recalled generic valsartan between 2012 and 2018, the duration of use was relatively short and probably did not pose an elevated risk of nitrosamine‐induced cancer. However, since products with nitrosamine impurity could have been on the market over a 6‐year period, patients exposed to these products for longer durations could have a potentially different risk of cancer.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis on effect of different exercise training on grip strength and upper extremity muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Boora Mamta , Malik Manoj , Kaur Jaspreet 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are prone to musculoskeletal complications, particularly in the upper extremities (UE), which can significantly impair their grip strength and UE muscle strength. This review will provide valuable insights for developing optimized exercise interventions aimed at enhancing upper limb functionality and improving patient outcomes.AimTo determine the effect of different exercise training on grip strength & UE muscle strength in patients suffering from T2DM.MethodologyA comprehensive search from electronic databases was performed based on the selection criteria and 13 randomized controlled trials (RCT's) were included in the study. Mean changes in grip strength and UE muscle strength were the primary outcome measures. Included studies ranked high on the PEDro rating scale and eta‐analysis was performed by Rev Man 5.4 software.ResultsMeta‐analysis results indicated that there was a statistically significant improvement in UE muscle strength of experimental group when compared to control group (mean differences [MD] = 2.91, 95% confidence interval = 0.12, 5.71; p = 0.04) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 49%, p < 0.07). Grip strength improved significantly in the experimental group when compared to the control group with (MD = 2.93, 95% CL = −0.00, 5.86; p = 0.05) and moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 66%, p < 0.08).ConclusionThis review indicated a positive role of supervised resistance & aerobic exercises on UE muscle strength in patients with T2DM. Due to lack of RCT's, grip strength needs to be explored by further investigations in these patients.
Inhibitor binding and disruption of coupled motions in MmpL3 protein: Unraveling the mechanism of trehalose monomycolate transport
Authors: Zhao Likun , Liu Bo , Tong Henry H. Y. , Yao Xiaojun , Liu Huanxiang , Zhang Qianqian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMycobacterial membrane protein Large 3 (MmpL3) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is crucial for the translocation of trehalose monomycolate (TMM) across the inner bacterial cell membrane, making it a promising target for anti‐tuberculosis (TB) drug development. While several structural, microbiological, and in vitro studies have provided significant insights, the precise mechanisms underlying TMM transport by MmpL3 and its inhibition remain incompletely understood at the atomic level. In this study, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations for the apo form and seven inhibitor‐bound forms of Mtb MmpL3 were carried out to obtain a thorough comprehension of the protein's dynamics and function. MD simulations revealed that the seven inhibitors in this work stably bind to the central channel of the transmembrane domain and primarily forming hydrogen bonds with ASP251, ASP640, or both residues. Through dynamical cross‐correlation matrix and principal component analysis analyses, several types of coupled motions between different domains were observed in the apo state, and distinct conformational states were identified using Markov state model analysis. These coupled motions and varied conformational states likely contribute to the transport of TMM. However, simulations of inhibitor‐bound MmpL3 showed an enlargement of the proton channel, potentially disrupting coupled motions. This indicates that inhibitors may impair MmpL3's transport function by directly blocking the proton channel, thereby hindering coordinated domain movements and indirectly affecting TMM translocation.
Modulating Silver Performance in Electrocatalytic Oxidation of HCHO via SMSI between Ag‐Co3O4 Interfaces
Authors: Mao Peiyuan , Chen Bingbing , Huang Rui , Jing Yang , Xiao Long , Zhang Baihao , Shi Chuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe replacement of oxygen evolution reactions with organic molecule oxidation reactions to enable energy‐efficient hydrogen production has been a subject of interest. However, further reducing reaction energy consumption and releasing hydrogen from organic molecules continue to pose significant challenges. Herein, a strategy is proposed to produce hydrogen and formic acid from formaldehyde using Ag/Co3O4 interface catalysts at the anode. The key to improving the performance of Ag‐based catalysts for formaldehyde oxidation lies in the strong SMSI achieved through the well‐designed “spontaneous redox reaction” between Ag and Co3O4 precursors. Nano‐sized Ag particles are uniformly dispersed on Co3O4 nanosheets, and electron‐deficient Agδ+ are formed by the SMSI between Ag and Co3O4. Ag/Co3O4 demonstrates exceptional formaldehyde oxidation activity at low potentials of 0.32 V versus RHE and 0.65 V versus RHE, achieving current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. The electrolyzer “Ag/Co3O4||20% Pt/C” achieves over 195% hydrogen efficiency and over 98% formic acid selectivity, maintaining stable operation for 60 hours. This work not only presents a novel approach to precisely modulate Ag particle size and interface electronic structure via SMSI, but also provides a promising approach to efficient and energy‐saving hydrogen production and the transformation of harmful formaldehyde.
Ultra‐Low Loading Fillers Induced Excellent Capacitive Performance in Polymer‐Based Multilayer Nanocomposites under Harsh Environments
Authors: Fan Xu , Ding Xiangping , Wang Peng , Li Zhicheng , Cheng Yu , Liu Jinjun , Yu Jinhong , Zhai Jiwei , Pan Zhongbin , Li Weiping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMultilayer‐structured nanocomposites are recognized as a prominent strategy for overcoming the paradox between the breakdown strength (Eb) and polarization (P) to achieve superior energy storage performance. However, current multilayer‐structured nanocomposites involving substantial quantities of nanofillers (>10 vol.%) for high dielectric constant as polarization layer will inevitably deteriorate mechanical properties and breakdown strength. Herein, an innovative approach is reported to breaking conventional rules by designing a multilayered polymer composite with ultralow loading of Al2O3 nanoparticles, i.e., 0.3 vol.% for polarization layers and 2 vol.% for insulation layers. By modulating the spatial distribution of Al2O3 nanoparticles in polymer, a significantly increased interfacial dipole response is induced, and deep interfacial traps are constructed to capture the mobile charges, thereby suppressing high‐temperature conduction loss. The resulting multilayered polymer composite exhibits an unparalleled discharged energy density of 7.8 J cm−3 with a charging/discharging efficiency exceeding 90% at 150 °C. This work provides valuable insights into achieving superior capacitive performance in multilayer composite films operating under extreme conditions.
Achieving Significantly Boosted Dielectric Energy Density of Polymer Film via Introducing a Bumpy Gold/Polymethylsilsesquioxane Granular Blocking Layer
Authors: Chang Zelong , Shi Zhicheng , Liu Yao , Lei Li , Sun Liang , Tang Qingyang , Fan Runhua , Cui Hongzhi , Wang Hong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolymer dielectrics are the key materials for pulsed energy storage systems, but their low energy densities greatly restrict the applications in integrated electronic devices. Herein, a unique bumpy granular interlayer consisting of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and polymethyksesquioxane (PMSQ) microspheres is introduced into a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) film, forming trilayered PVDF‐Au/PMSQ‐PVDF films. Interestingly, the Au/PMSQ interlayer arouses a dielectric enhancement of 47% and an ultrahigh breakdown strength of 704 MV m−1, which reaches 153% of pure PVDF. It is revealed that the greatly enhanced breakdown strength originated from the Coulomb‐blockade effect of Au NPs and the excellent insulating properties of PMSQ microspheres with a special molecular‐scale organic–inorganic hybrid structure. Benefiting from the concurrently enhanced dielectric and breakdown performances, an outstanding energy density of 22.42 J cm−3 with an efficiency of 67.1%, which reaches 249% of that of the pure PVDF, is achieved. It is further confirmed that this design strategy is also applicable to linear dielectric polymer polyethyleneimine. The composites exhibit an energy density of 8.91 J cm−3 with a high efficiency of ≈95%. This work offers a novel and efficient strategy for concurrently enhancing the dielectric and breakdown performances of polymers toward pulsed power applications.
Calcification of the mesenteric veins suspected of idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis associated with long‐term herbal medicine ‘inchinkoto’ prescribed for biliary atresia: A multicenter study
Authors: Hashizume Naoki , Sugita Koshiro , Masui Daisuke , Sakamoto Saki , Kawano Takafumi , Harumatsu Toshio , Masuya Ryuta , Onishi Shun , Higashidate Naruki , Koga Yoshinori , Egami Hideaki , Ieiri Satoshi , Kaji Tatsuru 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimInchinkoto (ICKT) is administered to patients with biliary atresia (BA) after surgery. Gardeniae fructus which is contained in ICKT is reported to be associated with idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis (IMP). We investigated the influence of ICKT on calcification of the mesenteric veins suspected of IMP in BA patients.MethodsAll BA patients with native liver survival who received ICKT after Kasai portoenterostomy were reviewed. All patients underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) during treatment. Calcification of the mesenteric veins on the most recent CT scan after the initiation of ICKT was assessed.ResultsTwenty patients (6 males and 14 females) were enrolled in this study. Of these patients, 17 (85.0%) and 10 (50%) patients had used ICKT for ≥5 years and >10 years, respectively. Calcification of the mesenteric veins was detected in one patient, who was a 14 year old girl. The total dosage of Gardeniae fructus was 21 800 g.ConclusionsThe incidence of calcification of the mesenteric veins in BA patients receiving ICKT was low. However, it is necessary to be aware that ICKT containing Gardeniae fructus is associated with the risk of developing calcification of the mesenteric veins suspected of IMP.
Bovine abortion caused by leptospirosis
Authors: Murillo Daniel Felipe Barrantes , Negrão Watanabe Tatiane Terumi , Costa Marco Túlio dos Santos , Nakazato Luciano , Pescador Caroline Argenta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA 3‐year‐old, 255 kg, mixed breed beef cow has an abortion at the last trimester of gestation, approximately 8 months. The cow was from a 1200‐hectare farm, with 1200 animals. The farm owner reported a total of 13 abortions between June and September 2022, all of them in the last trimester of gestation. Additional serological screening for Leptospira was performed in 40 cows from the herd by microscopic agglutination test with seropositive animals to serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae. Gross postmortem examination yielded icterus, pleural and peritoneal effusions. Histopathological findings were lymphoplasmacytic interstitial pneumonia and nephritis, with intraluminal spirochetes within the renal tubules, hepatic necrosis, and cholestasis. PCR on a fresh tissue pool was positive for Leptospira spp. (LipL32). Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by the infection of the bacterial spirochetes belonging to the genus Leptospira spp. Serovars Pomona and Icterohaemorrhagiae cause acute systemic leptospirosis in cattle after incidental infections due to poor husbandry conditions and cause abortion loss in cattle in occasional outbreaks.