bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal relationships between neurons of the nucleus incertus and the hippocampal theta activity in the rat
Authors: Martínez‐Bellver Sergio , Cervera‐Ferri Ana , Luque‐García Aina , Martínez‐Ricós Joana , Valverde‐Navarro Alfonso , Bataller Manuel , Guerrero Juan , Teruel‐Marti Vicent 
Published: November 2016

Key points
The nucleus incertus is a key node of the brainstem circuitry involved in hippocampal theta rhythmicity.
Synchronisation exists between the nucleus incertus and hippocampal activities during theta periods.
By the Granger causality analysis, we demonstrated a directional information flow between theta rhythmical neurons in the nucleus incertus and the hippocampus in theta‐on states.
The electrical stimulation of the nucleus incertus is also able to evoke a phase reset of the hippocampal theta wave.
Our data suggest that the nucleus incertus is a key node of theta generation and the modulation network.
AbstractIn recent years, a body of evidence has shown that the nucleus incertus (NI), in the dorsal tegmental pons, is a key node of the brainstem circuitry involved in hippocampal theta rhythmicity. Ascending reticular brainstem system activation evokes hippocampal theta rhythm with coupled neuronal activity in the NI. In a recent paper, we showed three populations of neurons in the NI with differential firing during hippocampal theta activation. The objective of this work was to better evaluate the causal relationship between the activity of NI neurons and the hippocampus during theta activation in order to further understand the role of the NI in the theta network. A Granger causality analysis was run to determine whether hippocampal theta activity with sensory‐evoked theta depends on the neuronal activity of the NI, or vice versa. The analysis showed causal interdependence between the NI and the hippocampus during theta activity, whose directional flow depended on the different neuronal assemblies of the NI. Whereas type I and II NI neurons mainly acted as receptors of hippocampal information, type III neuronal activity was the predominant source of flow between the NI and the hippocampus in theta states. We further determined that the electrical activation of the NI was able to reset hippocampal waves with enhanced theta‐band power, depending on the septal area. Collectively, these data suggest that hippocampal theta oscillations after sensory activation show dependence on NI neuron activity, which could play a key role in establishing optimal conditions for memory encoding.
Welfare services in Sweden – with New Zealand comments
Authors: Gynnerstedt Kerstin , O'Brien Mike 
Published: November 2016

Two countries on the opposite side of the globe – Sweden and New Zealand– similarities and differences! This article is an introduction to the following articles about aspects of social services in Sweden. These articles, written from a Swedish perspectives and context, give some pictures of the welfare sector in the areas of elderly care, psychiatric care and disability care which hopefully will be of interest especially for New Zealand readers. To build the understanding of the Swedish model this introductory article starts with a theoretical approach to welfare systems. To understand the context in which services are delivered, it is necessary to both give some basic facts about the countries and about services – regulation, conditions, or- ganisations and implementation, including how services have developed historically and influenced the current situation – and to include comments and reflections from a New Zealand perspective. These external comments and reflections are also a way to broaden the interest and value for New Zealand readers as well as for international readers in general and, not least, Swedish readers.
Can the Otago falls prevention program be delivered by video? A feasibility study
Authors: Davis Jennifer C , Hsu Chun Liang , Cheung Winnie , Brasher Penny M A , Li Linda C , Khan Karim M , Sykes Jonathan , Skelton Dawn A , Liu-Ambrose Teresa 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesWe assessed the feasibility of delivering the Otago Exercise Programme (OEP) via an interactive DVD (ie, OEP-DVD) in combination with monthly physical therapist phone calls to older adults.DesignThis pre-post (baseline and 6-month follow-up) study included an intervention group (n=61) based in a rural location and a control group (n=21) based in a city.SettingSechelt and Vancouver, British Columbia.Participants82 community-dwelling adults ≥75 years.InterventionIndividuals in the intervention group received the OEP-DVD and were instructed to do the exercises 3 times a week after their initial home physical therapist visit for 6 months.Primary and secondary outcomesFeasibility was ascertained by withdrawal rate and compliance to the OEP-DVD. The number of participants and the frequency (ie, number of times weekly) they performed the OEP exercises and walking were used to estimate compliance. The potential benefit of the OEP-DVD on falls risk profile (Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA)) and mobility were examined by comparing the change in the intervention group compared with the control group. Self-reported compliance to the exercise programme was assessed by monthly returned diary.ResultsOf the 82 participants, 2 withdrew from the OEP-DVD group and none withdrew from the control group. We obtained compliance data on 72% of participants in the intervention group. The mean OEP-DVD compliance was 87% and the mean walking compliance was 166%. After adjusting for baseline PPA, baseline age, sex, baseline comorbidities, baseline cognitive status and baseline falls-related self-efficacy, there was a significant between-group improvement in the overall PPA score (OEP group pre-PPA to post-PPA score: 0.79±1.2 to 0.7±0.9; p<0.05) at study completion.ConclusionsAlthough the OEP-DVD resulted in significant reductions in falls risk among community-dwelling older adults, there was a notable loss to follow-up limiting the feasibility of this approach.
Quantification of Pathway Cross-talk Reveals Novel Synergistic Drug Combinations for Breast Cancer
Authors: Jaeger Samira , Igea Ana , Arroyo Rodrigo , Alcalde Victor , Canovas Begoña , Orozco Modesto , Nebreda Angel R. , Aloy Patrick 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Combinatorial therapeutic approaches are an imperative to improve cancer treatment, because it is critical to impede compensatory signaling mechanisms that can engender drug resistance to individual targeted drugs. Currently approved drug combinations result largely from empirical clinical experience and cover only a small fraction of a vast therapeutic space. Here we present a computational network biology approach, based on pathway cross-talk inhibition, to discover new synergistic drug combinations for breast cancer treatment. In silico analysis identified 390 novel anticancer drug pairs belonging to 10 drug classes that are likely to diminish pathway cross-talk and display synergistic antitumor effects. Ten novel drug combinations were validated experimentally, and seven of these exhibited synergy in human breast cancer cell lines. In particular, we found that one novel combination, pairing the estrogen response modifier raloxifene with the c-Met/VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor cabozantinib, dramatically potentiated the drugs' individual antitumor effects in a mouse model of breast cancer. When compared with high-throughput combinatorial studies without computational prioritization, our approach offers a significant advance capable of uncovering broad-spectrum utility across many cancer types. Cancer Res; 77(2); 459–69. ©2016 AACR.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ АКЦЕНТУАЦІЇ У ХВОРИХ ІЗ МЕТАБОЛІЧНИМ СИНДРОМОМ ТА ОЖИРІННЯМ
Authors: Mylytsia K. M. 
Published: November 2016

У роботі відтворено психологічний портрет пацієнтів із метаболічним синдромом та ожирінням на підставі анкетування 212 хворих за коротким опитувальником ВOОЗ для оцінки якості життя (WHOQOL – BREF) методикою Айзенка. Виявлено, що в міру прогресування ожиріння, розвиваються психоемоційні девіації, вираження порушень фізичного стану, знижується якість життя, що особливо демонструється при тяжких ступенях ожиріння, та потребує негайного та ефективного медичного втручання.
КЛІНІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕБІГУ ХВОРОБИ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ МУЛЬТИФОКАЛЬНОЮ ВИСОКОДИФЕРЕНЦІЙОВАНОЮ ТИРЕОЇДНОЮ КАРЦИНОМОЮ
Authors: Kobrynska N. Ya. 
Published: November 2016

Проведено порівняльний аналіз моно- та мультифокальних високодиференційованих тиреоїдних карцином. Усього проаналізовано 2904 хворих на рак щитоподібної залози, з них 693 із мультифокальною і 2211 з монофокальною карциномою. У результаті проведеного аналізу встановлено, що у пацієнтів із мультифокальною високодиференційованою тиреоїдиною карциномою, порівняно з хворими на монофокальну високодиференційовану карциному, значно рідше зустрічається фолікулярний тип пухлини. У них частіше реєструються неінкапсульовані пухлинні утворення та множинні первинні вогнища в щитоподібній залозі, а також відмічаються рецидиви хвороби, що зумовлювало частіші проведення повторних операційних втручань.
АНАЛІЗ СЕЗОННОСТІ ВИНИКНЕННЯ ВАД НЕВРАЛЬНОЇ ТРУБКИ В РІВНЕНСЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ
Authors: Yevtushok B. A. 
Published: November 2016

Дане дослідження присвячене вивченню сезонних коливань частоти виникнення вад невральної трубки (ВНТ) в популяції Рівненської області. Вища частота виникнення ВНТ спостерігалася в лютому та серпні, однак ця відмінність не була статистично достовірною. Отримані результати сприяють поглибленню знань про епідеміологічні особливості ВНТ для подальшого вивчення факторів ризику та підвищення ефективності профілактичних заходів.
СУДИННІ ПУХЛИНИ І СУДИННІ МАЛЬФОРМАЦІЇ У ДІТЕЙ: ФОРМУЛЮВАННЯ ДІАГНОЗУ ЗГІДНО З СУЧАСНОЮ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЄЮ
Authors: Benzar I. M. 
Published: November 2016

Пацієнтів із судинними аномаліями (СА) завжди нелегко виділити та чітко охарактеризувати, враховуючи велику кількість нозологічних одиниць, а також неоднорідну термінологію, яку використовують у багатьох медичних закладах. Метою роботи був аналіз групи пацієнтів із СА, які потребують стаціонарного обстеження і лікування в умовах мультидисциплінарного центру. Адаптація і впровадження єдиної системи класифікації є першим кроком до встановлення вірного діагнозу і визначення тактики лікування судинних аномалій. Клінічні прояви судинних аномалій мають чіткі вікові особливості. Хоча судинні пухлини зустрічаються в 10 разів частіше, ніж судинні мальформації, серед госпіталізованих дітей судинні пухлини склали 31,7 %, а СМ – 68,3%.
ПРОСТОРОВА ПЕРЕБУДОВА КАМЕР СЕРЦЯ ПРИ АРТЕРІАЛЬНІЙ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЇ У МАЛОМУ КОЛІ КРОВООБІГУ
Authors: Slabyi O. V. , Hnatiuk M. S. 
Published: November 2016

В експерименті встановлено, що пострезекційна артеріальна легенева гіпертензія призводить до розвитку легеневого серця і виражених змін планіметричних та об’ємних параметрів його камер. Виявлено, що легеневе серце характеризується розширенням його частин із переважним зростанням просторових характеристик правого шлуночка та правого передсердя. Найбільше змінені планіметричні та об’ємні параметри камер легеневого серця виявлені при його декомпенсації, для визначення якої важлива роль належить резервним об’ємам шлуночків.
РІВЕНЬ ІНФОРМОВАНОСТІ ТА СТАВЛЕННЯ ДО ПИТАНЬ ТРАНСПЛАНТОЛОГІЇ СЕРЕД СТУДЕНТІВ ВИЩОЇ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ШКОЛИ ІМЕНІ ПАПИ ІОАНА-ПАВЛА II В БЯЛІЙ ПІДЛЯСЦІ
Authors: Pyshch P. , Shlyfyrchyk A. , Kovalenko M. 
Published: November 2016

Ця стаття повністю присвячена темі донорства органів, тканин і клітин. Такий терапевтичний підхід, визнаний у всьому світі, часто дає шанс на одужання і значно поліпшує якість життя, дозволяючи працювати і виконувати повсякденні справи. У найважливішій частині роботи представлено і проаналізовано результати досліджень щодо рівня знань і думок з приводу донорства органів, проведеного серед 130 медичних та немедичних студентів у Вищій державній школі Папи Іоанна-Павла II в м. бяла Подляска в березні та квітні 2015 року. результати показують значний вплив дослідження на рівні знань і думок на тему донорства. Проведене дослідження показало, що більшість респондентів підтримують донорство. Проте існують етичні дилеми серед людей, які чекають пожертвування і потенційних донорів. різноманітні думки з деяких питань донорства органів були представлені в цій статті. У зв’язку із запереченнями і критикою на адресу даного методу лікування,необхідні дії, що порушують стереотипи про донорство органів і підвищують рівень інформованості про те, що це донорство насправді означає і які має переваги.
The Yin–Yang Dynamics of DNA Methylation Is the Key Regulator for Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switch and Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Zhuang Jianhui , Luan Peipei , Li Hailing , Wang Kai , Zhang Pei , Xu Yawei , Peng Wenhui 
Published: November 2016

Objective—
DNA methylation plays an important role in chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, yet the mechanisms are poorly understood. The objective of our study is to indicate the regulatory mechanisms of DNA methylation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and its roles in atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results—

In ApoE
−/−
mice fed a Western diet, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, significantly attenuated atherosclerotic lesions (20.1±2.2% versus 30.8±7.5%;
P
=0.016) and suppressed DNA methyltransferase activity and concomitantly decreased global 5-methylcytosine content in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE
−/−
mice. Using a carotid ligation model, we found that 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine also dramatically inhibited neointimal formation (intimal area: 2.25±0.14×10
4
versus 4.07±0.22×10
4
μm
2
;
P
<0.01). Abnormal methylation status at the promoter of ten–eleven translocation 2, one of the key demethylation enzymes in mammals, was ameliorated after 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment, which in turn caused an increase in global DNA hydroxymethylation and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine enrichment at the promoter of Myocardin. In vitro, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment or DNA methyltransferase 1 knockdown decreased global 5-methylcytosine content and restored Myocardin expression in VSMCs induced by platelet-derived growth factor, thus preventing excessive VSMCs dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration. Furthermore, DNA methyltransferase 1 binds to ten–eleven translocation 2 promoter and is required for ten–eleven translocation 2 methylation in VSMCs.

Conclusions—
The inhibitory effects of DNA demethylation on global 5-methylcytosine content and ten–eleven translocation 2 hypermethylation in atherosclerotic aorta can recover 5-hydroxymethylcytosine enrichment at the Myocardin promoter and prevent VSMC dedifferentiation and vascular remodeling.
Conventional Versus Compression-Only Versus No-Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Fukuda Tatsuma , Ohashi-Fukuda Naoko , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Gunshin Masataka , Sera Toshiki , Kondo Yutaka , Yahagi Naoki 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (chest compression and rescue breathing) has been recommended for pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) because of the asphyxial nature of the majority of pediatric cardiac arrest events. However, the clinical effectiveness of additional rescue breathing (conventional CPR) compared with compression-only CPR in children is uncertain.

Methods:
This nationwide population-based study of pediatric OHCA patients was based on data from the All-Japan Utstein Registry. We included all pediatric patients who experienced OHCA in Japan from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2012. The primary outcome was a favorable neurological state 1 month after OHCA defined as a Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Category score of 1 to 2 (corresponding to a Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category score of 1–3). Outcomes were compared with logistic regression with uni- and multivariable modeling in the overall cohort and for a propensity-matched subset of patients.

Results:

A total of 2157 patients were included; 417 received conventional CPR, 733 received compression-only CPR, and 1007 did not receive any bystander CPR. Among these patients, 213 (9.9%) survived with a favorable neurological status 1 month after OHCA, including 108/417 (25.9%) for conventional, 68/733 (9.3%) for compression-only, and 37/1007 (3.7%) for no-bystander CPR. In unadjusted analyses, conventional CPR was superior to compression-only CPR in neurologically favorable survival (odds ratio [OR] 3.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.45–4.76;
P
<0.0001), with a trend favoring conventional CPR that was no longer statistically significant after multivariable adjustment (OR
adjusted
1.52, 95% CI 0.93–2.49), and with further attenuation of the difference in a propensity-matched subset (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.81–1.77). Both conventional and compression-only CPR were associated with higher odds for neurologically favorable survival compared with no-bystander CPR (OR
adjusted
5.01, 95% CI 2.98–8.57, and OR
adjusted
3.29, 95% CI 1.93–5.71), respectively.

Conclusions:
In this population-based study of pediatric OHCA in Japan, both conventional and compression-only CPR were associated with superior outcomes compared with no-bystander CPR. Unadjusted outcomes with conventional CPR were superior to compression-only CPR, with the magnitude of difference attenuated and no longer statistically significant after statistical adjustments. These findings support randomized clinical trials comparing conventional versus compression-only CPR in children, with conventional CPR preferred until such controlled comparative data are available, and either method preferred over no-bystander CPR.
Additional data on Iranian trichodorids (Triplonchida: Trichodoridae) and first record of a rare species, Trichodorus variabilis Roca, 1998
Authors: Pedram Majid , Roshan-Bakhsh Ali , Pourjam Ebrahim , Atighi Mohammad Reza , Decraemer Wilfrida , Bagheri Ali 
Published: November 2016

Trichodorus variabilis, recovered from three separate locations in natural forests of northern Iran, was studied using morphological, morphometric and molecular data. Variation in position of the ventromedian cervical papillae (CP1 and CP2) with respect to the onchiostyle base in the resting position, and spicule characters (having or lacking striation in distal blade region and bristles in proximal blade region) were observed. Variation was also observed in the nature of the pharyngo-intestinal junction (offset to slight overlapping). The secretory-excretory pore of females also showed slight variation in placement. Molecular phylogenetic studies, using partial 28S rDNA D2-D3 sequences of three studied populations and one sequenced isolate of the species from Greece, revealed T. variabilis has variation in the sequences of this genomic fragment. The similarity percent of four sequences ranged from 96.7 to 99.7%. The species was found for the first time outside of Greece, the country from which it was originally described. A newly recovered population of T. persicus, originally described from Iran, was also included in the molecular phylogenetic analyses.
Factors that can influence feelings towards and interactions with people living with HIV/AIDS in rural Central Kenya
Authors: Kingori Caroline , Haile Zelalem T , Ngatia Peter , Nderitu Ruth 
Published: November 2016

Background In Kenya, HIV incidence and prevalence have declined. HIV rates are lower in rural areas than in urban areas. However, HIV infection is reported higher in men in rural areas (4.5%) compared to those in urban areas (3.7%). Objectives This study examined HIV knowledge, feelings, and interactions towards HIV-infected from 302 participants in rural Central Kenya. Methods Chi square tests and multivariable logistic regression analyzed variables of interest. Results Most participants exhibited positive feelings in their interaction with people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA). Association between HIV knowledge and socio-demographic characteristics revealed that the proportion of participants with a correct response differed by gender, age, level of education, and marital status ( p < 0.05). Compared to those with inadequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS, participants with adequate HIV/AIDS knowledge were nearly three times as likely to disagree that PLWHA should be legally separated from others to protect public health (adjusted odds ratio: aOR (95% CI) (2.76 (1.12, 6.80). Conclusions HIV stigma continues to impact HIV prevention strategies particularly in rural Central Kenya. Culturally, appropriate interventions addressing HIV knowledge among those with lower levels of education, single, older, and male are warranted. Review of HIV policies separating high-risk populations from the general population is needed to reduce stigma.
Reconciling Theory and Evidences for Corporate Financing in India
Authors: Chauhan Gaurav Singh 
Published: November 2016

The article tries to reconcile theoretical predictions of the two most important capital structure theories with evidences for corporate financing in India. We identify that while the pattern of leverage supports the prediction of pecking order hypotheses strongly, the key arguments of the theory are missing. We also found a significant explanation for incremental changes in debt ratios caused by mechanical stock price movement as compared to the changes caused by the overall issuance activities of firms. Firms do not seem to readjust their debt ratios to counter the drift caused by these stock-related movements in debt ratios. JEL Classification: G32, G20, H25, H62, E62
Clinical teaching and supervision in postgraduate psychiatry training: the trainee perspective
Authors: Stephan Alice , Cheung Gary 
Published: November 2016

Objective: We aimed to explore psychiatry trainees’ perspectives on clinical teaching and supervision as well as how this might be improved. Method: New Zealand trainees ( n=51) completed online the Maastricht Clinical Teaching Questionnaire (MCQT) and three open-ended questions. Results: The majority rated ‘agree’ or ‘strongly agree’ to all items of the MCQT. Weaknesses in the feedback process including observation, feedback provision, and formulating learning goals were highlighted. College training requirements and workplace environment were identified as factors impacting on clinical teaching and supervision. Conclusions: A model was proposed to enhance awareness of the various factors involved in the feedback process.
Radiological imaging features of glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma component: a comparison with conventional glioblastoma
Authors: Kanoto Masafumi , Kirii Kazukuni , Toyoguchi Yuuki , Nishihara Masashi , Sakurai Keita , Murayama Kazuhiro , Noguchi Tomoyuki , Matsuda Kenichiro , Sakurada Kaori , Sonoda Yukihiko , Hosoya Takaaki 
Published: November 2016

Background Glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma component (GBMO) is a subtype of conventional glioblastoma (cGBM), which is categorized as WHO grade IV. GBMO can be histopathologically distinguished from cGBM and the prognosis of GBMO is better than that of cGBM. However, no systematic review of GBMO imaging findings has been published to date. Purpose To clarify the radiological imaging features of GBMO compared with those of cGBM. Material and Methods The participants were 15 patients with GBMO and 32 patients with cGBM as a control group, all of whom were histopathologically diagnosed. A radiologist retrospectively reviewed the imaging findings of both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for density, signal intensity, contrast medium enhancement (CE), cortical swelling, and cortical swelling without CE. We statistically analyzed the imaging findings by Chi-squared test. Results Cortical swelling without CE in GBMO was significantly greater than that in cGBM ( P = 0.004). Non-CE and heterogeneous solid enhancement were observed significantly more often in GBMO ( P = 0.004). No other findings were significant. Conclusion There was significant difference in the findings of the CE, which exhibited solid heterogeneous enhancement in GBMO. Cortical swelling without CE can be considered significantly characteristic of GBMO.