Abstract B022: Smoking cessation interventions for Hispanic/Latinx adults in the United States: Results from a systematic review
Authors: Woodward Honor M. , Poudel Ranjita , Yates Helen , Martinez Ursula , Haver Mary-Katherine , Vidrine Jennifer I. , Kim Youngchul , Brandon Thomas H. , Simmons Vani N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Significance: Smoking rates have declined in the U.S. over the last several decades but vary by population subgroup. Hispanic adults generally have lower smoking rates than Non-Hispanic White individuals, but this varies greatly by country of origin, with some Hispanic subgroups, such as Puerto Ricans, reaching smoking prevalence rates up to 28%. Hispanic smokers have lower success rates in cessation attempts and are less likely to receive assistance in quitting, highlighting their unique cessation needs. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the quantity and range of smoking cessation interventions targeted to Hispanic adults. Methods: A systematic literature search, following PRISMA guidelines, was conducted across seven databases, trial registries, and grey literature published until April 2024. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts for eligibility using Covidence. Study characteristics (e.g., intervention modality, language availability, cultural specificity) and outcomes were narratively summarized, and quality assessment was conducted. A meta-analysis is planned to evaluate the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions tested in RCTs, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The association between intervention type/modality and efficacy will be assessed via subgroup analyses. Results: A total of 8,844 records were identified and screened by reviewers. Of these, 456 studies were assessed for full-text eligibility, 49 studies with targeted interventions were identified for inclusion, of which 10 met criteria for meta- analysis. Of the 49 interventions identified, 44 interventions were offered in Spanish, 26 were culturally specific, and 34 had a majority Hispanic sample. Many interventions utilized multiple intervention modalities and included adjunct components. Types of interventions included behavioral counseling (n=26): in person (n=22) or over the phone (n=4), written self-help (n=6), text messaging (n=5), mass media campaigns (n=3), web-site applications or social media (n=3), pharmacotherapy with a behavioral adjunct (n=3), group counseling (n=2), and one smartphone application (n=1). Cessation rates ranged from 8% to 55%. No studies disaggregated smoking outcomes by Hispanic sub-group. Among the RCTs to be included in the planned meta-analysis, 5 out of 10 studies were culturally specific. Methodological quality for these studies ranged from weak (60%) to strong (10%). Conclusions: This systematic review summarizes the quantity and types of smoking cessation interventions for Hispanic smokers. Existing interventions vary in modality and are frequently offered in Spanish. However, few studies were tailored to values of Hispanic culture, and none addressed differences in smoking behavior among Hispanics by country of origin. Among the RCTs, most trials were rated as methodologically weak based on the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results from this review may inform the development of future interventions, specifically guiding the design of rigorous randomized cessation trials for Hispanics.
Citation Format: Honor M. Woodward, Ranjita Poudel, Helen Yates, Ursula Martinez, Mary-Katherine Haver, Jennifer I. Vidrine, Youngchul Kim, Thomas H. Brandon, Vani N. Simmons. Smoking cessation interventions for Hispanic/Latinx adults in the United States: Results from a systematic review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B022.