bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating adverse pregnancy outcomes research amidst rising medication use: parallel retrospective cohort analyses for signal prioritization
Authors: Hwang Yeon Mi , Piekos Samantha N. , Paquette Alison G. , Wei Qi , Price Nathan D. , Hood Leroy , Hadlock Jennifer J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Pregnant women are significantly underrepresented in clinical trials, yet most of them take medication during pregnancy despite the limited safety data. The objective of this study was to characterize medication use during pregnancy and apply propensity score matching method at scale on patient records to accelerate and prioritize the drug effect signal detection associated with the risk of preterm birth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods
This was a retrospective study on continuously enrolled women who delivered live births between 2013/01/01 and 2022/12/31 (n = 365,075) at Providence St. Joseph Health. Our exposures of interest were all outpatient medications prescribed during pregnancy. We limited our analyses to medication that met the minimal sample size (n = 600). The primary outcome of interest was preterm birth. Secondary outcomes of interest were small for gestational age and low birth weight. We used propensity score matching at scale to evaluate the risk of these adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with drug exposure after adjusting for demographics, pregnancy characteristics, and comorbidities.

Results
The total medication prescription rate increased from 58.5 to 75.3% (P < 0.0001) from 2013 to 2022. The prevalence rate of preterm birth was 7.7%. One hundred seventy-five out of 1329 prenatally prescribed outpatient medications met the minimum sample size. We identified 58 medications statistically significantly associated with the risk of preterm birth (P ≤ 0.1; decreased: 12, increased: 46).

Conclusions
Most pregnant women are prescribed medication during pregnancy. This highlights the need to utilize existing real-world data to enhance our knowledge of the safety of medications in pregnancy. We narrowed down from 1329 to 58 medications that showed statistically significant association with the risk of preterm birth even after addressing numerous covariates through propensity score matching. This data-driven approach demonstrated that multiple testable hypotheses in pregnancy pharmacology can be prioritized at scale and lays the foundation for application in other pregnancy outcomes.
2023: a soil odyssey–HeAted soiL-Monoliths (HAL-Ms) to examine the effect of heat emission from HVDC underground cables on plant growth
Authors: Uhlig Ken , Rücknagel Jan , Macholdt Janna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The use of renewable energy for sustainable and climate-neutral electricity production is increasing worldwide. High-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission via underground cables helps connect large production sides with consumer regions. In Germany, almost 5,000 km of new power line projects is planned, with an initial start date of 2038 or earlier. During transmission, heat is emitted to the surrounding soil, but the effects of the emitted heat on root growth and yield of the overlying crop plants remain uncertain and must be investigated.

Results
For this purpose, we designed and constructed a low-cost large HeAted soiL-Monolith (HAL-M) model for simulating heat flow within soil with a natural composition and density. We could observe root growth, soil temperature and soil water content over an extended period. We performed a field trial-type experiment involving three-part crop rotation in a greenhouse. We showed that under the simulated conditions, heat emission could reduce the yield and root growth depending on the crop type and soil.

Conclusions
This experimental design could serve as a low-cost, fast and reliable standard for investigating thermal issues related to various soil compositions and types, precipitation regimes and crop plants affected by similar projects. Beyond our research question, the HAL-M technique could serve as a link between pot and field trials with the advantages of both approaches. This method could enrich many research areas with the aim of controlling natural soil and plant conditions.
Integration of fungal transcriptomics and metabolomics provides insights into the early interaction between the ORM fungus Tulasnella sp. and the orchid Serapias vomeracea seeds
Authors: De Rose Silvia , Sillo Fabiano , Ghirardo Andrea , Perotto Silvia , Schnitzler Jörg-Peter , Balestrini Raffaella 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn nature, germination of orchid seeds and early plant development rely on a symbiotic association with orchid mycorrhizal (ORM) fungi. These fungi provide the host with the necessary nutrients and facilitate the transition from embryos to protocorms. Despite recent advances in omics technologies, our understanding of this symbiosis remains limited, particularly during the initial stages of the interaction. To address this gap, we employed transcriptomics and metabolomics to investigate the early responses occurring in the mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella sp. isolate SV6 when co-cultivated with orchid seeds of Serapias vomeracea. The integration of data from gene expression and metabolite profiling revealed the activation of some fungal signalling pathways before the establishment of the symbiosis. Prior to seed contact, an indole-related metabolite was produced by the fungus, and significant changes in the fungal lipid profile occurred throughout the symbiotic process. Additionally, the expression of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) was observed during the pre-symbiotic stage, as the fungus approached the seeds, along with changes in amino acid metabolism. Thus, the dual-omics approach employed in this study yielded novel insights into the symbiotic relationship between orchids and ORM fungi and suggest that the ORM fungus responds to the presence of the orchid seeds prior to contact.
Obesity management with blood flow restriction training: a scoping review
Authors: Gujral Tanya , Rai Richa Hirendra , Malik Shikha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOne of the biggest threats to global health that affects both individual health and global health is obesity. People have used traditional exercise programmes to deal with body fat for a long time but often have problems and limits. In the field of exercise science, blood flow restriction (BFR) training has gained popularity in the past few years. It could be a new way to deal with obesity. This review aims to examine previous research on the effectiveness of BFR training in treating obesity and provide an overview of the available data. Using particular search phrases associated with obesity, blood flow restriction training, and exercise interventions, several databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE, were examined. Understanding these processes could lead to the creation of more effective treatments for people who are overweight. In the end, this review gives a full look at the current data about the role of BFR training in managing obesity. While initial findings are promising, more investigation is needed to prove the effectiveness, safety, and long-term effects of BFR training as a treatment to control obesity. The information learned from this review could help shape future research and help healthcare professionals plan exercise programmes for people who are overweight.
An anthropological critique of psychiatric rating scales
Authors: Armstrong Neil , Byrom Nicola 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARY
This article discusses sceptical arguments about measurement scales. Measurement scales are part of a promising agenda of openness, transparency and patient and public involvement (PPI) in medical research, but have received critical, sometimes hostile attention from anthropologists. This is because scales repackage localised cultural assumptions about distress as something universal and pan-human and have the capacity to reshape people's interior lives in unhelpful, possibly harmful ways. We take as an example the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Use of the PHQ-9 is currently mandated by major funders. But its history suggests flawed PPI and a lack of openness. The article suggests a constructive role for anthropology in mental health research, using ethnographic evidence and theory to show how, although they have their uses, mental health scales should not be regarded as inert or harmless.
Symptom profile in suicide attempters during the COVID-19 pandemic: Relationships with suicide outcomes
Authors: Díaz-Carracedo Patricia , Marín Carolina , Diaz-Marsa Marina , Borges Guilherme , de la Torre-Luque Alejandro , Elices Matilde , Toll Alba , Grande Iria , Roberto Natalia , Vázquez Mireia , González-Pinto Ana , Ruiz-Veguilla Miguel , Canal-Rivero Manuel , Cebria Ana I. , Palao Diego , Bobes-Bascaran Teresa , Jimenez-Treviño Luis , Saiz Pilar , Andreo-Jover Jorge , March Katya , Palao-Tarrero Angela ,   The SURVIVE Collaborative Signature, Perez Víctor 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Suicidal behavior constitutes a multi-cause phenomenon that may also be present in people without a mental disorder. This study aims to analyze suicidal behavior outcomes in a sample of attempters, from a symptom-based approach.

Methods
The sample comprised 673 patients (72% female; M = 40.9 years) who attended a hospital emergency department due to a suicide attempt. A wide range of clinical factors (e.g., psychopathology symptoms, psychiatric diagnoses, impulsivity, acquired capability), was administered within 15 days after the index attempt. Nine psychopathology domains were explored to identify the profile of symptoms, using latent profile analysis. The relationship between the profile membership and suicide outcome (i.e., intensity of suicidal ideation, number of suicide behaviors, and medical injury derived from index attempt) was also studied, using linear and logistic regression.

Results
Three psychopathology profiles were identified: high-symptom profile (45.02% of participants), moderate-symptom profile (42.50%), and low-symptom profile (12.48%). High-symptom profile members were more likely to show higher risk of non-suicidal self-injury, acquired capability for suicide, and more severe suicide behavior and ideation. On the other hand, a more severe physical injury was associated with low-symptom profile membership in comparison to membership from the other profiles (OR < 0.45, p < .05).

Conclusions
A symptom-based approach may be useful to monitor patients and determine the risk of attempt repetition in the future and potential medical injury, and to optimize prevention and intervention strategies.
Can Digital Health Improve Therapeutic Compliance in Oncology?
Authors: Heudel Pierre Etienne , Ait Ichou Myriam , Favier Bertrand , Crochet Hugo , Blay Jean-Yves 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE
Therapeutic compliance, or adherence, is critical in oncology because of the complexity and duration of cancer treatment regimens. Nonadherence can lead to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes, increased disease progression, higher mortality rates, and elevated health care costs. Traditional methods to enhance compliance, such as patient education and regular follow-ups, have shown limited success.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This review examines the potential of digital health technologies to improve adherence in oncology. Various studies and trials are analyzed to assess the effectiveness of these technologies in supporting patients with cancer.

RESULTS
mHealth applications have been shown to improve medication adherence through features like medication reminders and symptom tracking. Telemedicine facilitates continuous care and reduces the need for travel, significantly improving adherence and patient satisfaction. Patient-reported outcome measures enhance clinical decision making and personalized treatment plans by incorporating patient feedback. Electronic medical records and patient portals improve compliance by providing easy access to medical information and fostering better patient-provider communication. Connected pillboxes aid in consistent medication intake and reduce dispensing errors.

CONCLUSION
Digital health technologies offer significant benefits in oncology by enhancing patient engagement, improving adherence to treatment protocols, and enabling comprehensive cancer care management. However, challenges such as the digital divide, data privacy concerns, and the need for tailored interventions must be addressed. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of digital interventions and developing personalized digital health tools to maximize therapeutic compliance.
Association of MRI findings with intra-articular tumour extension
Authors: Deveza Lorenzo , El Amine Mohammed A. , Becker Anton S. , Nolan John , Hwang Sinchun , Hameed Meera , Vaynrub Max 
Published: October 2024

AimsTreatment of high-grade limb bone sarcoma that invades a joint requires en bloc extra-articular excision. MRI can demonstrate joint invasion but is frequently inconclusive, and its predictive value is unknown. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of direct and indirect radiological signs of intra-articular tumour extension and the performance characteristics of MRI findings of intra-articular tumour extension.MethodsWe performed a retrospective case-control study of patients who underwent extra-articular excision for sarcoma of the knee, hip, or shoulder from 1 June 2000 to 1 November 2020. Radiologists blinded to the pathology results evaluated preoperative MRI for three direct signs of joint invasion (capsular disruption, cortical breach, cartilage invasion) and indirect signs (e.g. joint effusion, synovial thickening). The discriminatory ability of MRI to detect intra-articular tumour extension was determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsOverall, 49 patients underwent extra-articular excision. The area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 0.65 to 0.76 for direct signs of joint invasion, and was 0.83 for all three combined. In all, 26 patients had only one to two direct signs of invasion, representing an equivocal result. In these patients, the AUC was 0.63 for joint effusion and 0.85 for synovial thickening. When direct signs and synovial thickening were combined, the AUC was 0.89.ConclusionMRI provides excellent discrimination for determining intra-articular tumour extension when multiple direct signs of invasion are present. When MRI results are equivocal, assessment of synovial thickening increases MRI’s discriminatory ability to predict intra-articular joint extension. These results should be interpreted in the context of the study’s limitations. The inclusion of only extra-articular excisions enriched the sample for true positive cases. Direct signs likely varied with tumour histology and location. A larger, prospective study of periarticular bone sarcomas with spatial correlation of histological and radiological findings is needed to validate these results before their adoption in clinical practice.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(10):944–952.
Comparison of oral disease symptoms according to eating habits of adolescents from Korean families and adolescents from multicultural families
Authors: Lim Sun-A 
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study used the 18th Youth Online Health Behavior Data to compare oral disease symptoms according to the eating habits of adolescents from Korean families and adolescents from multicultural families. The total number of subjects was 40,913. Methods: The Rao-Scott chi-square test was used to compare general characteristics, eating habits, and experience with oral disease symptoms. In the final multiple logistic regression analysis, general characteristics and eating habits-related characteristics were used as correction variables to investigate eating habits related to oral disease symptoms in Korean adolescents and adolescents from multicultural families.	Results: In Korean family the experience of oral disease symptoms was found to be lower when sweet drink 5-6 times a week 0.89 times, 3-4 times a week 0.77 times, 1-2 times a week 0.65 times, and 0.56 times when not consuming them than when consuming them daily. In multicultural families, the incidence of experiencing oral disease symptoms was 0.47 times lower in those who sweet drink daily than in those who consumed them 1-2 times a week, and 0.32 times lower in those who did not consume them. Conclusions: Based on the above research results, it is thought that customized nutrition education and oral health education programs should be continuously developed and utilized to promote oral health among adolescents from Korean families and multicultural families and to change their eating habits.
Pellin-Broca prism chirped-pulse optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Coto Miguel Morán , McCracken Richard A. 
Published: October 2024

We present a Yb:fiber-pumped MgO:PPLN optical parametric oscillator which employs a ring cavity incorporating Pellin-Broca prism retroreflectors. Pumped by chirped pulses centered at 1033 nm, the signal wavelength is tunable over 380 nm (1541 nm to 1921 nm), with a maximum output power of 647 mW and a pump-signal conversion efficiency of 33.3 . The signal temporal profiles were measured via second-harmonic FROG revealing a FWHM of 317 fs. With a cumulative RIN standard deviation of ∼0.18 , this system further highlights the benefits of intracavity folding prisms in the construction of highly stable ultrafast OPOs.
Mental health issues and the association of mental health literacy among adolescents in urban Ethiopia
Authors: Hassen Hailemariam Mamo , Behera Manas Ranjan , Behera Deepanjali , Dehury Ranjit Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Background
Epidemiological evidence about the prevalence of adolescent mental health issues and their association with mental health literacy is crucial for sustained mental health promotion strategies. Adolescence is a critical life stage for mental health promotion. However, evidence is not available among Ethiopian school adolescents. Hence, the present study examined the prevalence of adolescents’ mental health issues and their correlation with mental health literacy.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents (grades 5–12) in Dire Dawa city, Eastern Ethiopia using multistage random sampling. Data was collected using the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire, WHO-5 well-being index, and mental health literacy questionnaire. SPSS version 25 was used for the descriptive, Chi-square, binary logistic regression, and correlation analyses.

Results
Between 14.0–24.5% of adolescents had reported mental health problems: internalizing problems (14.9–28.8%), emotional problems (10.4–25.5%), and peer relationship problems (17.8–25.5%). These mental health problems were significantly greater among adolescents who had either themselves or their family members used psychoactive substances (p≤0.05). Females from upper elementary (5–8 grade) and lower secondary (9–10) grade levels had a higher prevalence of mental health problems (AOR: 2.60 (0.95–7.10, p<0.05)). The effect of age, parental education, or employment status was insignificant (p>0.05). The prevalence of depression ranged from 18.0–25.5%. Mental health literacy was negatively correlated with total difficulties scores and positively associated with mental well-being scores (p<0.05).

Conclusion
The prevalence of adolescents’ mental health problems was higher. It implied that promoting mental health literacy could enhance adolescents’ positive mental health. Intervention programs should prioritize vulnerable groups and individuals reporting symptoms of mental health difficulties. Future studies should involve qualitative studies and consider effect of other determinants.
Facilitating the access to HIV testing at lower costs: “To the laboratory without prescription” (ALSO), a pilot intervention to expand HIV testing through medical laboratories in France
Authors: Champenois Karen , Sawras Victoire , Ngoh Pamela , Bouvet de la Maisonneuve Philippe , Valbousquet Julie , Annequin Margot , Gatseva Yoana , Michels David , Lydié Nathalie , Maguet Charlotte , Aïna Elodie , Le Hô Erwann , Plenel Eve , Touitou Irit , Deuffic-Burban Sylvie , Lert France , Pugliese Pascal ,   the ALSO group
Published: October 2024

Background
A pilot HIV testing programme, Au Labo sans Ordo (ALSO; “to the laboratory without prescription”) was implemented in two French Fast-Track Cities Initiative areas from 07/2019 to 12/2020. ALSO aimed to remove barriers to HIV testing by providing free testing with widespread access through all laboratories, extended opening hours, and no prescription requirements.

Objectives
Assessing the ALSO programme in terms of testing activity, user characteristics, and costs, compared to other HIV testing offers.

Methods
Laboratories and STI clinics reported the monthly numbers of tests performed and positive tests. Two short surveys were carried out 12 months apart in people who sought HIV testing. In each offer, the mean costs of HIV testing have been estimated according to negative or positive results using a microcosting approach.

Results
During the study period, 214/264 laboratories reported performing 38,941 ALSO tests that accounted for 7.2% of laboratory HIV testing activity. Positivity rates of ALSO and prescribed tests were similar (2.2/1000) but lower than that in STI clinics (6.0/1000). Heterosexual men, and individuals with multiple sexual partners, poor health insurance and few visits to GPs were more likely to use the ALSO offer than tests upon prescription. Compared to ALSO, STI clinic users were younger, more exposed to HIV and with a less favourable socio-economic situation. ALSO had low costs: €13 for a negative test, €163 for a positive test and €5,388 to identify an HIV-positive person (versus €9,068 in STI clinics and €20,126 with prescribed tests).

Conclusion
ALSO has attracted users less likely to visit STI clinics or to seek a prescribed test, particularly heterosexual men. Activities, user profiles and costs suggested the complementarity of the HIV testing offers and the relevance of making them coexist. French health authorities have decided to maintain and expand this programme to complement existing HIV testing offers.