bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attribution analysis of the persistent and extreme drought in southwest China during 2022–2023
Authors: Ma Tianjiao , Chen Wen , Cai Qingyu , Dong Zizen , Wang Lin , Hu Peng , Gao Lu , Garfinkel Chaim I 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Southwest China experienced a severe drought during winter 2022–spring 2023. This drought mainly struck Yunnan Province and surrounding regions (21°–30° N, 97°–106° E), with precipitation deficit lasting for about 8 months from Oct 2022 to May 2023. The area-mean precipitation and surface soil moisture in the study region during the drought were both the lowest recorded for the same period since 1950. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) also reached its lowest level since 1950 at −2.76. Quantitative analysis shows that precipitation deficit and potential evapotranspiration (PET) increase contributed 71.36%, and 28.64% to the SPEI, respectively. Of the raw contribution of PET, 7.05% can in turn be attributed to the changes in precipitation. Using data from the CMIP6 Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project (DAMIP), we found that anthropogenic forcing increased the likelihood of a PET anomaly such as the one during the drought by about 133 times, with a fraction of attributable risk (FAR) of 0.99 [0.98, 1.00]. For the precipitation anomaly, we obtained a FAR of 0.26 [−1.12, 0.70], suggesting that anthropogenic forcings may have little impact. The extreme drought also increased the risk of fires, with the Fire Weather Index reaching its second-highest value since 1950 and abnormally high burned areas observed by satellites.
Enhancing assessment of direct and indirect exposure of settlement-transportation systems to mass movements by intergraph representation learning
Authors: Dimasaka Joshua , Selvakumaran Sivasakthy , Marinoni Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Amidst the intensifying extreme rainfall patterns due to climate change, global early warning systems for mass movements (e.g. landslides, avalanches) need to provide not only the coarsely aggregated danger reports, but also the necessary fine details to understand its potential implications on critical infrastructures such as transportation systems. In this study, we introduce a novel ‘intergraph’ method that enhances the exposure information using a graph-based machine learning implementation on the hydrological and geological characteristics of mass movements and the underlying connectivity of settlement-transportation systems. Demonstrating the entire country of Norway and the 2020 Gjerdrum quick clay incident as a case study, we integrated the assessment of both direct and indirect exposure information of settlement-transportation systems and their daily 1 km-by-1 km susceptibility map, which were derived from the 68 934 mass movement incidents since 1957 and the connectivity information of 4778 settlements and 257 000 km road networks. Our findings achieved 86.25% accuracy, providing a distribution of improved susceptibility estimates and identifying critical settlements in near-real-time. By interacting the graphical representations of the shared causal drivers of susceptibility and the settlement-transportation system connectivity, our study extends our understanding of the exposure of multiple interacting settlements with a high granularity degree in a unified approach.
Symmetries and Wigner representations of operational theories
Authors: Ohst Ties-A , Plávala Martin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We develop the theory of Wigner representations for general probabilistic theories (GPTs), a large class of operational theories that include both classical and quantum theory. The Wigner representations that we introduce are a natural way to describe the theory in terms of some fixed observables; these observables are often picked to be position and momentum or spin observables. This allows us to introduce symmetries which transform the outcomes of the observables used to construct the Wigner representation; we obtain several results for when these symmetries are well defined or when they uniquely specify the Wigner representation.
Categorical claims about voluntary renewable energy actions are not supported by categorical evidence
Authors: O’Shaughnessy Eric 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Voluntary renewable energy procurement by retail electricity customers could play a critical role in achieving clean energy objectives. Research could optimize that role by providing accurate and nuanced information about how different voluntary actions most effectively drive renewable energy deployment. Recent literature has made categorical assertions that broad classes of voluntary actions are weakly or not impactful. This Perspective argues that these categorical assertions are not supported by equally categorical evidence. A closer examination shows the evidence is less conclusive and less generalizable than stakeholders may presume. Voluntary renewable energy buyers would benefit from more nuanced analysis of the impacts of different energy procurement actions across distinct contexts.
Prediction of typical gas components in cigarette smoke based on transformer
Authors: Zhu Huaiyuan , Cao Yi , Dong Huilin , Wu Changjian , Yan Xinke , Yang Song , Hou Shicong , Zhou Jiancheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Harm reduction of cigarette products has become one of the primary objectives of the entire tobacco industry. The prediction of typical gas components (TGC) and dynamic adjustment of process parameters are crucial for cigarette coke reduction and harm reduction. In this study, a deep learning (DL)-assisted TGC prediction framework is proposed to predict CO and NI simultaneously. Firstly, a large number of experimental and simulation parameters of cigarette process are collected as the data base for subsequent model construction. Then, the feature importance analysis of the process parameters was carried out by combining the mechanism of the combustion process through the mutual information method. Finally, DL models based on Multilayer Perceptron, One-Dimension Convolutional Neural Network and Transformer (TF) was developed as data-driven surrogate models to establish the mapping relationship between process parameters and TGC. The results show that TF model generalizes best and can predict TGC quickly and accurately with R2 over 0.99. This work will provide a valuable predictive and decision-making tool for cigarette harm reduction.
Entering the Public Sphere, 1882–1886
Authors: Korstvedt Benjamin M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the mid-1880s, Bruckner continued to seek performances for the Fourth and to find a publisher for the symphony. This chapter describes the challenging musical landscape he faced in Vienna as well as new opportunities he found in Germany. Hermann Levi, the Hofkapellmeister in Munich, became a key ally. With the aid of the young Bavarian archduchess Amalie Marie, Levi did much to help secure the publication of the Fourth. This chapter outlines Bruckner’s unsuccessful efforts with German publishers, his agreement with a Viennese publisher, and his decisions about the symphony in 1886. It also discusses the significance of Bruckner’s name for the Fourth, the “Romantic” Symphony, and his comments on the music’s programmatic content, before concluding with an account of the successful performance of the Fourth in Vienna in January 1888.
The Third Version, 1887–1888
Authors: Korstvedt Benjamin M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The third version of the Fourth, which Bruckner performed in 1888 and published the following year, was widely rejected as inauthentic during much of the twentieth century. This chapter considers the reasons for this development. These began with the efforts of scholars and critics to reclaim Bruckner’s “original versions” during the 1930s, an undertaking that was heavily influenced by the cultural politics and ideology of Nazism. In the postwar era, the rejection of the third version became an article of faith in the English-speaking world. Nevertheless, as this chapter shows, when all the available evidence is considered, little reason exists to doubt that the third version is not only authentic but was regarded by Bruckner as his final version of the Fourth. The collaborative origins of the existing manuscript of this version and Bruckner’s final revisions are explained as well.
Toward a Synoptic View: Bruckner’s Pursuit of Effectiveness
Authors: Korstvedt Benjamin M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Bruckner’s different versions of the Fourth present a picture that is fascinating as well as perplexing. Scholars, editors, and commentators have tried in various ways to understand the complex relationships between these versions. This chapter argues that Bruckner’s ongoing efforts to perfect the Fourth were driven by his desire to create a version of the symphony that would, as he put it, best “make its effect.” An analysis of the successive versions of a key passage in the first movement shows how the presentation of its essential musical idea evolved. The chapter concludes by reconstructing the logic of Bruckner’s reworking of the final portion of the second movement, particularly its coda, by drawing on a fragmentary sketch he made of this passage.
Retracted: Differences in Presentation of Ischaemic and Haemorrhagic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: McDermott Clodagh , Seminer Allie , Reddin Catriona , Krewer Finn , O'Donnell Martin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Stroke is the 2nd leading cause of death worldwide. Stroke is diagnosed by the combination of clinical symptoms and signs, and neuroimaging. Clinical features may differ between the subtypes of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. We investigated whether there are differences in clinical presentation of acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the PRISMA statement. Inclusion criteria were (1) cohort, cross-sectional, case-control, randomised controlled trial, systematic review or meta-analysis; (2) consecutive admissions of adult individuals with an acute ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, confirmed by neuroimaging and (3) comparisons possible between stroke subtypes in acute stroke symptom(s). A random-effects model was used for our analyses.

Results
We included 58 studies (n=12,878,716; ischaemic stroke=10,814,293; haemorrhagic stroke=2,064,423). The mean age of participants was 65.54+13.84 with 44.98% women. In haemorrhagic stroke, altered GCS occurred more frequently than in ischaemic stroke (OR, 3.93 [95% CI, 2.81–5.49]; AIS/ICH=382,110/59,877, 40 studies), as did headache (OR, 3.34 [95% CI, 2.68–4.17]; AIS/ICH=22,413/6,018; 43 studies), seizure (OR, 2.42 [95% CI, 1.62–3.65]; AIS/ICH=10,427,262/2,004,681; 20 studies), vomiting (OR, 3.82 [95% CI, 2.62–5.57]; AIS/ICH=7,736/3,225; 25 studies), neck stiffness (OR, 5.21 [95% CI, 2.22–12.21]; AIS/ICH=511/168; 3 studies), syncope (OR, 2.95 [95% CI, 2.12–4.12]; AIS/ICH=2,427/494; 6 studies) and dizziness (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.05–1.68]; AIS/ICH=4,730/1,213; 11 studies). Hemiplegia occurred more frequently in ischaemic stroke (OR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.49–0.91]; AIS/ICH=15,857/4,338; 31 studies) than haemorrhagic stroke, as did ataxia (OR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.61–0.86]; AIS/ICH=7,741/2,244; 8 studies) and morning onset (OR, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.32– 0.54]; AIS/ICH=2,721/495; 4 studies).

Conclusion
This review focused on synthesizing existing evidence on differences in clinical presentation between ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. It suggests there are substantive differences in stroke symptoms between these subtypes. These results may provide insights into future directions for clinical prediction tool development.
Social Interaction Anxiety in Developmental Prosopagnosia: Prevalence, Severity, and Individual Differences
Authors: Kirsch Leah , Evans Travis C , Fry Regan , Campbell Alison , DeGutis Joseph 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Although elevated social anxiety in developmental prosopagnosia (DP) has been reported in anecdotal and qualitative studies, the current study sought to better quantify the prevalence, severity, and moderators of social anxiety in a large DP sample.

Method
A total of 88 DPs and 58 controls completed the validated Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and assessments of face recognition, autism traits, personality (Big Five Inventory), and coping strategies.

Results
DPs reported greater social anxiety symptoms (M = 30.25) than controls (M = 17.19), with 44% of DPs above a probable clinical cutoff compared with 14% of controls. Exploratory analyses revealed that DPs’ social anxiety was more specific to items pertaining to mixing socially or interacting with unfamiliar people. Notably, several DPs reported minimal social anxiety, which was associated with being more extraverted and having fewer autism traits. A follow-up survey revealed that extraverted DPs more openly disclosed face recognition inabilities than introverted DPs, which may be a factor in their reduced social anxiety.

Conclusion
These results better quantify the potential serious psychosocial consequences of DP and highlight the importance of individual differences as well as targeted intervention.
Testing the mean and variance by e-processes
Authors: Fan Yixuan , Jiao Zhanyi , Wang Ruodu 
Published: September 2024

Summary
We address the problem of testing the conditional mean and conditional variance for nonstationary data. We build e-values and p-values for four types of nonparametric composite hypothesis with specified mean and variance as well as other conditions on the shape of the data-generating distribution. These shape conditions include symmetry, unimodality and their combination. Using the obtained e-values and p-values, we construct tests via e-processes, also known as testing by betting, as well as some tests based on combining p-values for comparison. Although we mainly focus on one-sided tests, the two-sided test for the mean is also studied. Simulation and empirical studies are conducted under a few settings, and they illustrate features of the methods based on e-processes.
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in paediatric patients for primary vs. secondary prevention
Authors: Thuraiaiyah Jani , Philbert Berit Thornvig , Jensen Annette Schophuus , Xing Lucas Yixi , Joergensen Troels Hoejsgaard , Lim Chee Woon , Jakobsen Frederikke Noerregaard , Bække Pernille Steen , Schmidt Michael Rahbek , Idorn Lars , Holdgaard Smerup Morten , Johansen Jens Brock , Riahi Sam , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , De Backer Ole , Sondergaard Lars , Jons Christian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
The decisions about placing an ICD in a child are more difficult than in an adult due to longer expected lifespan and the complication risk. Young patients gain the most years from ICDs, despite higher risk of device-related complications. The secondary prevention ICD indication is clear, and device is implanted regardless of potential complications. For primary prevention, risk of sudden cardiac death and complications need to be evaluated. We aimed to compare outcomes for primary and secondary prevention ICDs.

Methods and results
Retrospective nationwide cohort study including paediatric patients identified from the Danish ICD registry with ICD implanted at an age ≤ 15 from 1982–21. Demographics, complications (composite of device-related infections or lead-failure requiring re-operation, mortality because of arrhythmia, or unknown cause), and mortality were retrieved from medical charts. Endpoint was appropriate therapy (shock or anti-tachycardia pacing for ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation). Of 72 receiving an ICD, the majority had channelopathies (n = 34) or structural heart diseases (n = 28). ICDs were implanted in 23 patients for primary prevention and 49 for secondary prevention, at median ages of 13.8 and 11.6 years (P-value 0.01), respectively. Median follow-up was 9.0 (interquartile ranges: 4.7–13.5) years. The 10-year cumulative incidence of first appropriate therapy was 70%, with complication and inappropriate therapy rates at 41% and 15%, respectively. No difference was observed between prevention groups for all outcomes. Six patients died during follow-up.

Conclusion
In children, two-thirds are secondary prevention ICDs. Children have higher appropriate therapy and complication rates than adults, while the inappropriate therapy rate was low.
Genealogical asymmetry under the IM model and a two-taxon test for gene flow
Authors: Mackintosh Alexander , Setter Derek 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Methods for detecting gene flow between populations often rely on asymmetry in the average length of particular genealogical branches, with the ABBA-BABA test being a well known example. Currently, asymmetry-based methods cannot be applied to a pair of populations and such analyses are instead performed using model-based methods. Here we investigate genealogical asymmetry under a two-population Isolation with Migration model. We focus on genealogies where the first coalescence event is between lineages sampled from different populations, as the external branches of these genealogies have equal expected length as long as there is no post-divergence gene flow. We show that unidirectional gene flow breaks this symmetry and results in the recipient population having longer external branches. We derive expectations for the probability of this genealogical asymmetry and propose a simple statistic (Am) to detect it from genome sequence data. Am provides a two-taxon test for gene flow that only requires a single unphased diploid genome from each population, with no outgroup information. We use analytic expectations and simulations to explore how recombination, unequal effective population sizes, bidirectional gene flow and background selection influence Am and find that the statistic provides unambiguous evidence for gene flow under a continent-island history. We estimate Am for genome sequence data from Heliconius butterflies and Odocoileus deer, generating results consistent with previous model-based analyses. Our work highlights a signal of gene flow overlooked to date and provides a method that complements existing approaches for investigating the demographic history of recently diverged populations.
DRED: A Comprehensive Database of Genes Related to Repeat Expansion Diseases
Authors: Shi Qingqing , Dai Min , Ma Yingke , Liu Jun , Liu Xiuying , Wang Xiu-Jie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Expansion of tandem repeats in genes often causes severe diseases, such as fragile X syndrome, Huntington’s disease, and spinocerebellar ataxia. However, information on genes associated with repeat expansion diseases is scattered throughout the literature, systematic prediction of potential genes that may cause diseases via repeat expansion is also lacking. Here, we develop DRED, a Database of genes related to Repeat Expansion Diseases, as a manually-curated database that covers all known 61 genes related to repeat expansion diseases reported in PubMed and OMIM, along with the detailed repeat information for each gene. DRED also includes 516 genes with the potential to cause diseases via repeat expansion, which were predicted based on their repeat composition, genetic variations, genomic features, and disease associations. Various types of information on repeat expansion diseases and their corresponding genes/repeats are presented in DRED, together with links to external resources, such as NCBI and ClinVar. DRED provides user-friendly interfaces with comprehensive functions, and can serve as a central data resource for basic research and repeat expansion disease-related medical diagnosis. DRED is freely accessible at http://omicslab.genetics.ac.cn/dred, and will be frequently updated to include newly reported genes related to repeat expansion diseases.
Ethical considerations on the moral status of the embryo and embryo-like structures
Authors:   Writing Group of the ESHRE Ethics Committee, Pennings Guido , Dondorp Wybo , Popovic Mina , Chuva de Sousa Lopes Susana , Mertes Heidi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The current article provides an ethical reflection on the moral status of the human embryo, which is a crucial factor in determining permissible actions involving embryos and the extent of their protection. It advocates for the extension of the research period for embryos to 28-days post fertilization. It also states that integrated embryo-like structures (ELSs) should not currently be given the same moral status as natural embryos. However, if they pass the relevant tests, they should be subject to the same rules as natural embryos.
Large multimodal models: boon or burden for low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Malpani Rohit , Moodley Keymanthri 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Large multimodal models, a type of generative artificial intelligence (AI), could contribute to wider government efforts to achieve universal health coverage if ethical challenges are proactively addressed during the design and deployment of these AI technologies. The World Health Organization has published new guidance to highlight the risks and benefits of large multimodal models and recommendations to effectively govern this technology.
Microbiome–induced increases and decreases in bone matrix strength can be initiated after skeletal maturity
Authors: Liu Chongshan , Cyphert Erika L , Stephen Samuel J , Wang Bowen , Morales Angie L , Nixon Jacob C , Natsoulas Nicholas R , Garcia Matthew , Carmona Pablo Blazquez , Vill Albert C , Donnelly Eve , Brito Ilana L , Vashishth Deepak , Hernandez Christopher J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent studies in mice have indicated that the gut microbiome can regulate bone tissue strength. However, prior work involved modifications to the gut microbiome in growing animals and it is unclear if the same changes in the microbiome, applied later in life, would change matrix strength. Here we changed the composition of the gut microbiome before and/or after skeletal maturity (16 weeks of age) using oral antibiotics (ampicillin + neomycin). Male and female mice (n = 143 total, n = 12-17/group/sex) were allocated into five study groups: (1) Unaltered, (2) Continuous (dosing 4-24 weeks of age), (3) Delayed (dosing only 16-24 weeks of age), (4) Initial (dosing 4-16 weeks of age, suspended at 16 weeks), and (5) Reconstituted (dosing from 4-16 weeks following by fecal microbiota transplant from Unaltered donors). Animals were euthanized at 24 weeks of age. In males, bone matrix strength in the femur was 25%-35% less than expected by geometry in mice from the Continuous (p = 0.001), Delayed (p = 0.005), and Initial (p = 0.040) groups as compared to Unaltered. Reconstitution of the gut microbiota led to a bone matrix strength similar to Unaltered animals (p = 0.929). In females, microbiome-induced changes in bone matrix strength followed the same trend as males but were not significantly different, demonstrating a sex-dependent response of bone matrix to the gut microbiota. Minor differences in chemical composition of bone matrix were observed with Raman spectroscopy. Our findings indicate that microbiome-induced impairment of bone matrix in males can be initiated and/or reversed after skeletal maturity. The portion of the femoral cortical bone formed after skeletal maturity (16 weeks) was small; suggesting that microbiome–induced changes in bone matrix occurred without osteoblast/osteoclast turnover through a yet unidentified mechanism. These findings provide evidence that the mechanical properties of bone matrix can be altered in the adult skeleton.