bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Technique for estimating Blood Glucose Levels among diabetic Patients
Authors: Shylaja MD , Punde Prashant A , Nubesh Khan S , Thorat Ashutosh J 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
The present study was aimed to assess the fasting and postprandial gingival crevicular blood (GCB) glucose and finger stick blood glucose measurements using a glucometer.

Materials and methods
A total of 30 subjects with periodontitis and positive bleeding on probing were considered. Subjects were instructed to report to the department after overnight fasting. Gingival crevicular blood samples were collected from anterior region showing bleeding on probing followed by finger stick blood sample collection. Then, the patients were instructed to take 75 gm of glucose and after 2 hours blood samples from two sites were collected similarly. Results were analyzed using unpaired t test and Pearson's correlation.

Results
Mean glucose levels form GCB and finger stick blood did not differ either during fasting or postprandial (p > 0.05). Significant correlation was found between GCB glucose levels and capillary finger stick blood (CFB) glucose levels during fasting(r = 0.946, p < 0.001) and postprandial (r = 0.930, p < 0.001) blood estimation.

Conclusion
Periodontal probing can be considered as an alternate noninvasive method of blood glucose estimation for screening of diabetes mellitus (DM). The technique described is safe, easy to perform, and helps to increase the frequency of diabetes screening in dental office.

Clinical significance
The GCB from probing can be a good source of blood for estimating blood glucose levels and screening for diabetes using portable glucose monitors. Also, it will be a simple and relatively inexpensive in office screening procedure for any patient suspected to have diabetes.

How to cite this article
Shylaja MD, Punde PA, Sam G, Khan SN, Latheef AA, Thorat AJ. Noninvasive Technique for Estimating Blood Glucose Levels among diabetic Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(3):248-252.
History of EISCAT – Part 4: On the German contribution to the early years of EISCAT
Authors: Haerendel Gerhard 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The decision of the Max Planck Society (MPG) to get involved in the establishment of an incoherent scatter radar in northern Europe was intimately linked to the future of the Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy (MPAe) in Katlenburg-Lindau. Delegates of the MPG played an important role in defining the rules for participation in EISCAT during the period from 1973 to 1975. The "technical" period from 1976 to 1981 was mainly devoted to the development of the UHF transmitter and the klystrons. The latter encountered great difficulties, causing substantial delays. During the same period the ionospheric heating facility was established by MPAe at Ramfjordmoen, Norway. The period following the inauguration in August 1981 saw a great number of changes in the leading personnel. In this context much attention had to be given to taxation rules. Besides continuing hardware problems with the UHF radar, severe problems arose with design and manufacturing of the VHF klystrons, requiring changes of the contractor. However, by fall of 1983 the UHF radar was able to reach the intended operational level. In 1984 important steps were made for archiving and for proper exploitation of the EISCAT data.
ANTI AGING CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL MICROPARTICLES
Authors: TIBÉRIO C. C. , MALCZEWSKI L. , WATAYA E. S. , GARCIA C. G , LAZINSKI L. M. , ZANNIN D. , FUJIWARA, G. M. , PASQUALIM P , NUNES F. F. , DALARMI L. , DIAS J. F. G. , COSTA C. K. , MIGUEL M. D , ZANIN S. M. W. 
Published: July 2016

Radicais livres são capazes de aumentar o fenômeno natural de dano à pele, estresse oxidativo e peroxidação de ácidos graxos da bicamada lipídica. Para impedir este processo, a pele possui o seu próprio mecanismo de defesa. No entanto esta habilidade de proteção natural diminui com o avanço da idade. As propriedades antioxidantes do óleo essencial de cravo-da-índia (Caryophyllus aromaticus Teysm) encapsulado em micropartículas de alginato de sódio foram utilizadas no desenvolvimento de formulações dermatológicas para cuidados com a pele.
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC MONITORING OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN PHARMACY SCHOOL - UFPB
Authors: FERREIRA Vinicius Lins , MELO Maria Ladjane Sodré de 
Published: July 2016

A hipertensão arterial sistêmica é uma doença associada à elevação dos níveis da pressão arterial e tem sido umas das principais causadoras de morte do mundo. A prevenção, detecção, tratamento e controle da hipertensão são de grande importância para diminuição dos eventos cardiovasculares. A Atenção Farmacêutica tem por finalidade tornar o tratamento medicamentoso mais seguro, racional e eficiente. Procura detectar, prevenir e resolver problemas relacionados com medicamentos. Esse trabalho teve como objetivos acompanhar pacientes hipertensos e avaliar a efetividade farmacoterapêutica e incentivar a prática da Atenção Farmacêutica. No primeiro contato com os pacientes hipertensos era realizado preenchimento da ficha da Atenção Farmacêutica e medida da pressão arterial. A cada retorno do paciente verificava-se a pressão arterial e se estavam sendo cumpridas as recomendações médicas, além da avaliação das queixas dos pacientes em relação a saúde e problemas relacionados com medicamento (classificados segundo Consenso de Granada). Foram acompanhados 31 pacientes, sendo 29 hipertensos (16 homens e 13 mulheres). Os pacientes possuíam idade entre 35 e 81 anos. Dos 29 hipertensos, 18 apresentaram algum problema relacionado ao medicamento, sendo os mais frequentes o problemas relacionados com medicamento 1 e 5. Foi observado que a classe medicamentosa mais predominante foi a dos antagonistas do receptor angiotensina II e os medicamentos mais prescristos foram losartana, atenolol, anlodipino, captopril, hidroclorotiazida e valsartana.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES WITH SPECIES OF BAUHINIA (FABACEAE) TO EVALUATE THE ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY
Authors: PAULA C. S. 
Published: July 2016

Modelos de estudo in vivo e in vitro e em enzimas/receptores são utilizados quando se pretende comprovar a ação farmacológica de um determinado extrato e/ou princípio ativo obtido de plantas, além de elucidar o mecanismo de ação. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento da literatura sobre quais os ensaios que já foram realizados com plantas do gênero Bauhinia L. para verificar a atividade hipoglicemiante, e quais as espécies pesquisadas. Para isso, foi realizado uma revisão da literatura através de busca eletrônica nas bases de dados Pubmed, Science direct, Lilacs e na biblioteca eletrônica Scielo, publicados no período de 1995 à 2015 (20 anos), utilizando como descritores “Bauhinia” and “extract” and “hypoglycemic” or “antidiabetic” seus correspondentes em português, “Bauhinia” e “extrato” e “hipoglicêmica” ou “antidiabético”. Foram localizados artigos relacionados à pesquisa com doze espécies de Bauhinia L. A Bauhinia forficata é a que mais apresenta estudos sobre o tema, sendo localizado 13 artigos, seguida da B. variegata com 4 estudos. Foi possível verificar que pouco se conhece sobre a atividade hipoglicemiantes das espécies de Bauhinia L., e que mais estudos são necessários para comprovar o uso popular.
EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. AGAINST THE YEAST OF THE SPECIES Candida albicans
Authors: OLIVEIRA C. F. , BOBEK V. B. , PIETRUCHINSKI E. , CARDOZO A. G. L. 
Published: July 2016

Os produtos oriundos de plantas medicinais com propriedades antifúngicas tem se destacado. A disponibilidade de antifúngicos atualmente utilizados na clínica é relativamente pequena, sendo muitas vezes ineficiente e com toxicidade elevada. A Candida albicans é uma levedura que está presente normalmente na microbiota humana. No entanto, quando a imunidade baixa ou após o uso de certos medicamentos, ela pode-se tornar patogênica e causar infecções ao hospedeiro. Diante deste contexto, o presente trabalho visou avaliar “in vitro” o óleo essencial de Baccharis dracunculifolia frente à cepa da espécie Candida albicans. O óleo foi extraído das folhas secas de B. dracunculifolia através do método de hidrodestilação, em aparelho de Clevenger, durante 7 horas, e apresentou rendimento de 0,5%. O ensaio antifúngico foi realizado através do teste de difusão em disco e então testado em diferentes concentrações variando de 0,29 a 10 mg. O óleo apresentou atividade antifúngica em uma Concentração Inibitória Mínima de 10 mg. Pode-se concluir que o óleo essencial de Baccharis dracunculifolia possui boa atividade antifúngica, o que pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de novos fármacos contra leveduras da espécie Candida albicans.
METABOLIC IMPRINTING: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors: XAVIER J. L. P. , SCOMPARIN D. X. , RIBEIRO P. R. , CORDEIRO M. M. , GRASSIOLLI S. 
Published: July 2016

A programação metabólica é um fenômeno desencadeado por alterações nutricionais e/ou hormonais que modulam fases críticas do desenvolvimento. O objetivo inicial da programação metabólica é melhorar a sobrevivência da prole pela regulação do balanço energético, de modo a utilizar os nutrientes disponíveis da forma mais eficiente. Os mecanismos através dos quais o fenômeno de programação metabólica pode ocorrer são: indução de variações na estrutura de alguns órgãos, com alterações na vascularização, na inervação ou na justaposição das diferentes células do órgão; alterações no número de células e diferenciação metabólica, modificações na expressão de certos genes, acarretando variações na síntese de enzimas, hormônios, receptores hormonais e transportadores. Estes eventos desencadeiam ao longo da vida doenças crônicas, em especial obesidade e suas co-morbidades, como o Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 e Doenças Cardiovasculares.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O EFEITO DA SALINIDADE NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE JUVENIS DE EU6BWES BRASILIANUS (CUVIER, 1830) (PISCESGERREIDAE), EM LABORATÓRIO.
Authors: Eiras Daura Regina de Brito , Stofella Rudival Ribeiro 
Published: July 2016

EFFECT OF SALINITY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF JUVENILES OF Eugerres brasilianus (Cuvier, 1830) (PISCES-GERREIDAE). Juveniles of Eugerres brasilianus (L< = 8,9 — 9,1cm) were used in bio-assays in order to assess the effect of different salinities (0, 10, 20, 26, 30 and 40%c) upon their development. The rate of food consumption, growth rate and weight increase were analyzed during 6 months. Preferential salinities were, in increasing order: 0, 30, 26, 20 and 10%e>. All individuals died within 48 hours when exposed to a salinity of 40%e.Foram realizados bio-ensaios com exemplares da caratinga Eugerres brasilianus em fase juvenil (L* = 8,9 — 9,1cm), visando determinar os padrões preferenciais de salinidade da espécie neste estádio de desenvolvimento. Utilizou-se como meio de determinação, a taxa de consumo de alimento ao longo dos 6 meses de experimento e as diferenças de comprimento e peso médios totais dos exemplares de cada aquário, entre as fases inicial e final do trabalho. Dentre as salinidades testadas, apenas 40%c é letal e as salinidades preferenciais são, em ordem crescente de aceitação, 0, 30, 26, 20 e 10%o.
O ESPÍRITO HERMENÊUTICO NAS CONSTRUÇÕES DISCURSIVAS SOBRE O ÍNDIO
Authors: Milder Vanessa Dos Santos 
Published: July 2016

O presente discurso tem por objetivo realizar uma sistematização de elementos e/ou características observáveis em determinadas obras históricas e etno-históricas, as quais compõem o quadro de produções historiográficas concernentes ao tema indígena no Brasil e países vizinhos (Paraguai, Uruguai e Argentina). Os elementos aos quais nos referimos, são de caráter historiográfico, com ênfase na discursividade e construção dos textos, observando o pano de fundo que ritmiza as escolhas dos autores. Assim, busca-se uma reflexão de alguns momentos observados no contexto historiográfico, onde o indígena passa de uma inexistência à protagonista de sua história, possível devido ao deslocamento do olhar e das perguntas realizadas por pesquisadores (historiadores e antropólogos). Paulatinamente, as noções padronizadas oriundas de analogias comportamentais problemáticas (do final do século XIX e início do XX – que permeiam o entendimento das culturas de diferentes pontos geográficos da Terra), serão substituídas pelas noções de agency, história e práticas culturais (Pauketat, 2001), e objetivam uma reorientação de nossas questões, deslocando processos que não compreendemos e que queremos explicar historicamente, nos convidando a revisar como entendemos causa e efeito. A construção discursiva sobre o indígena na historiografia está embebida de fatores subjetivos, mas não misteriosos, nem mágicos, os quais estão relacionados com posições teórico-metodológicas e filosóficas, de acordo com cada período e contexto no qual, o historiador está inserido, acarretando a observância de diferentes perspectivas, quando suas obras são postas, na atualidade sob uma análise de discurso e decomposição metodológica com intuito de clarificar a maneira pela qual, fontes, referências, pessoas e projetos políticos negociam e estão entrelaçados e como essas negociações são transformadas em narrativa – ou discurso.
Density functional study for crystalline structures and electronic properties of Si1−
xSnx binary alloys
Authors: Nagae Yuki , Kurosawa Masashi , Shibayama Shigehisa , Araidai Masaaki , Sakashita Mitsuo , Nakatsuka Osamu , Shiraishi Kenji , Zaima Shigeaki 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We have carried out density functional theory (DFT) calculation for Si1−

x
Sn
x
alloy and investigated the effect of the displacement of Si and Sn atoms with strain relaxation on the lattice constant and E–
k
dispersion. We calculated the formation probabilities for all atomic configurations of Si1−

x
Sn
x
according to the Boltzmann distribution. The average lattice constant and E–
k
dispersion were weighted by the formation probability of each configuration of Si1−

x
Sn
x
. We estimated the displacement of Si and Sn atoms from the initial tetrahedral site in the Si1−

x
Sn
x
unit cell considering structural relaxation under hydrostatic pressure, and we found that the breaking of the degenerated electronic levels of the valence band edge could be caused by the breaking of the tetrahedral symmetry. We also calculated the E–
k
dispersion of the Si1−

x
Sn
x
alloy by the DFT+U method and found that a Sn content above 50% would be required for the indirect–direct transition.
Effects of multi-context information recorded at different regions in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal on optical reconfiguration
Authors: Ogiwara Akifumi , Watanabe Minoru 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
A holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) memory to record multi-context information for an optically reconfigurable gate array is formed by constructing a laser illumination system to implement successive laser exposures at different small regions in a glass cell filled with LC composites. The context pattern arrangements for circuit information are designed in a 3 × 3 in.2 photomask by electron beam lithography, and they are recorded as laser interference patterns at nine regions separated in an HPDLC sample by a laser interferometer composed of movable pinhole and photomask plates placed on motorized stages. The multi-context information reconstructed from the different regions in the HPDLC is written to a photodiode array in a gate-array VLSI by switching only the position of laser irradiation using the displacement of the pinhole plate under the control of a personal computer (PC). The effects of multi-context information recorded at different regions in the HPDLC on optical reconfiguration are discussed in terms of the optical system composed of ORGA VLSI and HPDLC memory. The internal structures in the HPDLC memory formed by multi-context recording are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, and the configurations composed of LC and polymer phases are revealed at various regions in the HPDLC memory.
Comparison of buckwheat, red clover, and purple tansy as potential surrogate plants for use in semi-field pesticide risk assessments withBombus impatiens
Authors: Gradish Angela E. , Cutler G. Christopher , Frewin Andrew J. , Scott-Dupree Cynthia D. 
Published: July 2016

Background.Bumble bees (Bombusspp.) are important wild and managed pollinators. There is increased interest in incorporating data on bumble bees into risk assessments for pesticides, but standardized methods for assessing hazards of pesticides in semi-field and field settings have not yet been established for bumble bees. During semi-field studies, colonies are caged with pesticide-treated flowering surrogate plants, which must be attractive to foragers to ensure colony exposure to the test compound, and must produce an ample nectar and pollen to sustain colonies during testing. However, it is not known which plant(s) are suitable for use in semi-field studies with bumble bees.Materials and Methods.We comparedB. impatiensforaging activity and colony development on small plots of flowering buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum, var. common), red clover (Trifolium pratense), and purple tansy (Phacelia tanacetifolia) under semi-field conditions to assess their suitability as surrogate plants for pesticide risk assessment studies with bumble bees. We also compared the growth characteristics and input requirements of each plant type.Results.All three plant types generally established and grew well. Red clover and purple tansy experienced significant weed pressure and/or insect pest damage. In contrast, pest pressure was extremely low in buckwheat. Overall,B. impatiensforaging activity was significantly greater on buckwheat plots than red clover or purple tansy, but plant type had no effect on number of individuals produced per colony or colony weight.Discussion.Because of the consistently high foraging activity and successful colony development observed on buckwheat plots, combined with its favourable growth characteristics and low maintenance requirements, we recommend buckwheat as a surrogate plant for use in semi-field pesticide toxicity assessments withB. impatiens.
Los nuevos profesionales de las Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Católica de Temuco
Authors: Mercado Cerroni Claudia Karina 
Published: July 2016

Discurso de despedida pronunciado a nombre de los nuevos titulados en la Ceremonia de Titulación de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Católica de Temuco

Claudia Mercado Cerroni
Sábado 28 de marzo 2015
Commentary: Knowledge is power, and power needs knowledge
Authors: Sulkunen Pekka 
Published: July 2016

Sulkunen, P. (2016). Commentary: Knowledge is power, and power needs knowledge. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 11-12. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.225In the years 2011–2015 I served on the expert committee of the foundation called ERAB, now a public charity, funded by the Brewers of Europe. Our task was to review grant applications to deliver half a million euros per year to research on alcohol consumption. There was no detectable indication that the proposals were biased to please the brewers, and certainly the decisions were not. However, things changed in 2015, when the Secretary General of the Brewers of Europe requested on behalf of the funders that 40% of the grant money should go to research aiming at “a better understanding of the effects of moderate beer consumption on the behaviour and health of individuals and society.” This was unacceptable to all experts on the committee, and the Chair of the Board of ERAB resigned in protest. After a battle between the Brewers and the expert committee, the formulation laid down was “more research on beer.” I could not accept this either, arguing that any external criteria beyond the quality of the proposals undermined the scientific integrity of the selecting experts.
Sources of funding as an influence on alcohol studies
Authors: Room Robin 
Published: July 2016

Room, R. (2016). Sources of funding as an influence on alcohol studies. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 15-16. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.231When I first read Thomas Kuhn’s (1962) seminal work, shortly after its first publication, I was awakened to the historical evidence that even the “hardest” science is a human construction deeply influenced by the social order and the conceptual traditions in which the scientist works. On the other hand, as constructivism took hold in sociology, I realized I was a “soft” constructivist, willing to acknowledge that our conceptual and other constructions face some limits from the physical world and its operating rules (Room, 1984). But in fields like ours, the constraints are quite broad, so that what constitutes alcohol social science—what its research questions are, and how it approaches them—has varied a great deal over the last century or so, and varies considerably among the societies which have been willing to fund such research. I remember discovering that temperance-oriented survey studies, when they turned attention at all beyond the boundary between drinker and abstainer, focused only on frequency of drinking, ignoring amount per occasion (Lindgren, 1973)— a pattern found also in drug war–era drug surveys. What we collect as material for study and what we focus on in analyzing it are deeply influenced by our intellectual and cultural-political heritage and environment.
How should we define, document, and prevent conflicts of interest in alcohol research?
Authors: Babor Thomas F. 
Published: July 2016

Babor, T. (2016). How should we define, document, and prevent conflicts of interest in alcohol research?. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 5-7. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.232Aims: Conflicts of interest (COIs) in science and medicine have come under increasing scrutiny in recent years. This article reviews definitions of COI, as well as measures used to document, prevent, and manage COIs.Findings: The positive association between COIs and the outcomes of research has been documented in a substantial body of research covering a variety of fields, including addiction research. Attempts to address COIs include funding declarations, voluntary bans of receipt of industry funding, and ethical analyses.Conclusions: To protect the scientific integrity of the alcohol field from further influence from commercial and other competing interests, reasonable and consistent reporting procedures are needed at a minimum. Direct funding from major transnational alcohol producers involves major reputational and ethical risks that may require more stringent measures by professional societies, university administrators, and journal editors.
Degradation of polyurethane coating materials from liquefied wheat straw for controlled release fertilizers
Authors: Lu Panfang , Zhang Yanfei , Jia Cong , Li Yufeng , Zhang Min , Mao Zhiquan 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPolyurethane (PU) was synthesized by liquefied wheat straw and isocyanates for controlled release fertilizers (CRFs). CRFs coated by PU were buried in soil for 12 months. The degradation degree and mechanism of PU coating materials were observed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy (FTIR). Significant microscopic morphology of PU exhibited many small chips or stereovision holes caused by biodegradation or hydrolytic degradation due to the presence of natural polymer wheat straw. AFM results depicted the plane and height topography changes of PU before and after 12 months burial time, showing the swelling morphology of buried PU. TGA and FTIR results confirmed the disintegration of PU polymer due to the presence of isocyanates monomers in the PU12. XPS revealed an accumulation of biofilm on the surface of buried PU, providing the evidence of biodegradation mechanism. Pot experiment indicated the resin residual coating has a positive effect on soil quality. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44021.