bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein profile of extracellular vesicles derived from adult Parascaris spp.
Authors: Manikantan Vishnu , Ripley Nichol E. , Nielsen Martin K. , Dangoudoubiyam Sriveny 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Parascaris spp. represent a significant threat to equine health worldwide, particularly in foals. The long-term survival of parasites in the host necessitates persistent modulation of the host immune response. Intercellular communication achieved through the exchange of molecules via extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from the parasite could be a crucial factor in this regard. This study aimed to isolate and characterize EVs released by adult male and female Parascaris worms and conduct a proteomic analysis to identify sex-specific proteins and potential immunomodulatory factors.

Methods
Live adult Parascaris worms were collected, and EVs were isolated from spent culture media using differential ultracentrifugation. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the size, concentration, and morphology of the isolated EVs. Proteins within the isolated EVs were analyzed using mass spectrometry-based proteomics (LC–MS/MS).

Results
Proteomic analysis revealed a total of 113 proteins in Parascaris EVs, with several proteins showing homology to known helminth exosome proteins and exhibiting immunomodulatory functions. Sex-specific differences in EV protein composition were observed, with a distinct abundance of C-type lectins in female EVs, suggesting potential sex-specific roles or regulation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed metabolic pathways shared between male and female Parascaris EVs, as well as differences in signal transduction, and cell growth and death pathways, indicating sex-specific variations.

Conclusions
These findings imply that Parascaris EVs and their protein cargo are complex. This data potentially opens avenues for discovering innovative approaches to managing and understanding helminth infection.

Graphical Abstract
Equine coronavirus infection and replication in equine intestinal enteroids
Authors: Kambayashi Yoshinori , Nemoto Manabu , Ochi Akihiro , Kishi Daiki , Ueno Takanori , Tsujimura Koji , Bannai Hiroshi , Kawanishi Nanako , Ohta Minoru , Suzuki Tohru 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, equine intestinal enteroids (EIEs) were generated from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and inoculated with equine coronavirus (ECoV) to investigate their suitability as in vitro models with which to study ECoV infection. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the EIEs were composed of various cell types expressed in vivo in the intestinal epithelium. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and virus titration showed that ECoV had infected and replicated in the EIEs. These results were corroborated by electron microscopy. This study suggests that EIEs can be novel in vitro tools for studying the interaction between equine intestinal epithelium and ECoV.
Behavioral responses of predatory flies of the genus Medetera Fischer von Waldheim (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) and the tree-killing beetle Ips typographus L. (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) to odor compound blends
Authors: Sousa Maria , Andersson Artur , Englund Jan-Eric , Flöhr Adam , Pollet Marc , Karlsson Green Kristina , Birgersson Göran , Becher Paul G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Key Message
Medetera (Fischer von Waldheim) flies, natural enemies of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.), were attracted to synthetic blends of compounds produced by infested spruce trees. A subset of trapped specimens revealed sixteen Medetera species. Most abundant were M. signaticornis, M. infumata, and M. prjachinae. Only blends containing beetle-produced compounds significantly attracted Medetera spp. and I. typographus.

Context
Fly species of the genus Medetera (Fischer von Waldheim) (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) represent one of the most important groups of natural enemies of the Eurasian bark beetle Ips typographus (L.), which infests Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. In a previous study, we showed that adult Medetera flies exploit semiochemicals to find beetle-infested trees however, the exact nature of those attractive compounds has not yet been determined.

Aims
The aim of this follow-up study was to investigate the behavioral responses of Medetera spp. and I. typographus, to different combinations of semiochemicals.

Methods
In this study, 22 volatile compounds identified from I. typographus-infested Norway spruce were divided into five groups (A–E) based on being primarily produced by the bark beetle I. typographus (group A), bark beetle-associated microorganisms (groups B and C), or spruce tree (groups D and E). The effect of the compounds in these groups in the attraction of Medetera species and I. typographus was tested in two different subtractive field trapping assays.

Results
In the first subtractive assay, the full blend (ABCDE), and the blends lacking microbial compounds of group C, or spruce tree compounds of group D led to significant attraction of Medetera flies. Morphological identification of a subset of the specimens collected revealed that sixteen species were attracted to the synthetic blends, with M. signaticornis Loew being the most abundant. In the second subtractive assay, high attraction of Medetera flies and I. typographus was found for a 12-component synthetic blend.

Conclusion
The insights gained provide a basis for developing synthetic attractants to facilitate monitoring of Medetera flies. Future testing and optimization of these attractants will enhance our ability to monitor, conserve and utilize Medetera flies, thereby enabling us to better protect forests from the damaging effects of spruce bark beetles.
Development of the Compassionate Technology Scale for Professionals (CTS-P): value driven evaluation of digital mental health interventions
Authors: van Lotringen Charlotte M. , ten Klooster Peter M. , Austin Judith , Westerhof Gerben J. , Kelders Saskia M. , Noordzij Matthijs L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Compassion is an essential and beneficial value in mental healthcare. However, how digital mental health interventions influence compassion in treatment has not been systematically investigated, due to the lack of appropriate measurement instruments. To address this gap, we developed the Compassionate Technology Scale for Professionals (CTS-P), aimed at mental health professionals.

Methods
We used Q-methodology, a method that combines quantitative and qualitative analysis to explore shared viewpoints on a particular topic, to select and refine items. Participants were 15 professionals from different areas of mental healthcare. In individual sessions, while thinking aloud, they sorted 35 statements on relevance for evaluating technology use on compassion. The statements were based on a scientific conceptualization of compassion with five elements. The sorting task was followed by a short interview to explore participants’ associations with compassion and technology.

Results
With by-person factor analysis, we found three different viewpoints among participants, all with eigenvalues > 1 and with a total explained variance of 63.02%. We selected prioritized items of each viewpoint and for each theoretical element of compassion, resulting in a full scale (15 items) and a short scale (3 items). Based on qualitative input from participants, the scale was adapted to clarify its focus and the wording of items. While thinking aloud, participants shared benefits and critical notes regarding technology and compassion.

Discussion
Together with key stakeholders, we developed the CTS-P. Most participants prioritized the potential of technology to obtain more information and be closer to their client in facilitating compassion. The main critical note participants had was that technology is not necessary to support compassion at the therapist’s experiential level. This emphasizes the need to further explore how mental health professionals and technology can complement each other in a system of compassionate care. Future research should explore the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the scale through psychometric validation.

Conclusions
The CTS-P can make the extent to which technology for mental healthcare influences elements of compassion measurable and comparable. The scale can prove useful for prioritizing the value of compassion in both the development and use of digital mental health interventions.
Projections of anxiety disorder prevalence during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany using the illness–death model
Authors: Ito Chisato , Baune Bernhard T. , Kurth Tobias , Brinks Ralph 
Published: October 2024

Background
Although there is now substantial evidence on the acute impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety disorders, the long-term population impact of the pandemic remains largely unexplored.

Aims
To quantify a possible longitudinal population-level impact of the pandemic by projecting the prevalence of anxiety disorders through 2030 among men and women aged up to 95 years in Germany under scenarios with varying impacts of the pandemic on the incidence of anxiety disorders.

Method
We used a three-state illness–death model and data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to model historical trends of the prevalence and incidence of anxiety disorders. The German population projections determined the initial values for projections. The COVID-19 incidence rate data informed an additional incidence model, which was parameterised with a wash-in period, delay, wash-out period, incidence increase level and decay constant.

Results
When no additional increase in the incidence during the pandemic waves during 2020–2022 was assumed, it was estimated that 3.86 million women (9.96%) and 2.13 million men (5.40%) would have anxiety disorders in 2030. When increases in incidence following pandemic waves were assumed, the most extreme scenario projected 5.67 million (14.02%) women and 3.30 million (8.14%) men with the mental disorder in 2030.

Conclusions
Any increased incidence during the pandemic resulted in elevated prevalence over the projection period. Projection of anxiety disorder prevalence based on the illness–death model enables simulations with varying assumptions and provides insight for public health planning. These findings should be refined as trend data accumulate and become available.
Investigating inequalities in patient outcomes for first-episode psychosis
Authors: Nicholls Dasha , Budd Jobie , Nunn Philippa , French Paul , Smith Jo , Gupta Veenu , Holdship Jonathan , Quirk Alan 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundUnderstanding inequalities in outcomes between demographic groups is a necessary step in addressing them in clinical care. Inequalities in treatment uptake between demographic groups may explain disparities in outcomes in people with first-episode psychosis (FEP).AimsTo investigate disparities between broad demographic groups in symptomatic improvement in patients with FEP and their relationship to treatment uptake.MethodWe used data from 6813 patients from the 2021–2022 National Clinical Audit of Psychosis data-set. Data were grouped by category type to obtain mean outcomes before adjustment to see whether disparities in outcomes remained after differences in treatment uptake had been accounted for. After matching, the average effect of each demographic variable in terms of outcome change was calculated. Moderator effects on specific treatments were investigated using interaction terms in a regression model.ResultsObservational results showed that patients aged 18–24 years were less likely to improve in outcome, unless adjusted for intervention uptake. Patients classified as Black and Black British were less likely to improve in outcome (moderation effect 0.04, 95% CI 0–0.07) after adjusting for treatment take-up and demographic factors. Regression analysis showed the general positive effect of supported employment interventions in improving outcomes (coefficient −0.13, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.18, P < 0.001), and moderator analysis suggested targeting particular groups for interventions.ConclusionsInequalities in treatment uptake and psychotic symptom outcome of FEP by social and demographic factors require monitoring over time. Our analysis provides a framework for monitoring health inequalities across national clinical audits in the UK.
Barriers to Follow-Up of an Abnormal Clinical Breast Examination in Uttar Pradesh, India: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Liebermann Erica , Patwardhan Vaibhav , Usmanova Gulnoza , Aktar Nadeem , Agrawal Shivani , Bhamare Parag , McCarthy Maura , Ginsburg Ophira , Kumar Somesh 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE
To understand key barriers to diagnostic follow-up for women with an abnormal clinical breast examination (CBE) at the primary care level in the Uttar Pradesh state in India. We also explored acceptability of mobile phones to address barriers to CBE follow-up for women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted 28 semistructured in-depth interviews with 12 women with an abnormal CBE at the primary health facility who did not have diagnostic follow-up, four community health workers, nine health care providers from health facilities in rural and urban settings, and three state-level decision makers. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim, and translated from Hindi to English. Thematic analysis was conducted using Dedoose qualitative software. Themes were organized by multilevel barriers to follow-up.

RESULTS
Key barriers to CBE follow-up included knowledge, fear, and stigma about breast cancer; women's health not being prioritized in the family; discomfort seeing male providers; and difficulty navigating the diagnostic facility. Despite community education and outreach efforts by community health workers (known as Accredited Social Health Activists), lack of awareness of breast cancer and the importance of follow-up for abnormal CBE remains a barrier to early detection. Despite widespread access to mobile phones, perceived acceptability varied among stakeholders regarding mobile phone use for breast health education and communication with clients.

CONCLUSION
Knowledge, cultural, and health system barriers challenge women's ability to follow recommendations for diagnostic follow-up of an abnormal CBE. Multilevel and gender-responsive strategies are needed to address these barriers. Our results suggest that mobile phones could be used to further improve breast health awareness, patient navigation, and tracking, and further research is needed.
Breast Cancer and Risk of Depression: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study Among Women With and Without Breast Cancer in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebremariam Alem , Addissie Adamu , Dereje Nebiyu , Assefa Mathewos , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE
The extent of symptoms of depression among patients with breast cancer compared with those without the disease is not well documented in Ethiopia and other sub-Saharan African countries.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study examines the prevalence of symptoms of depression in women with breast cancer (n = 436) compared with those without breast cancer (n = 856) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, through a comparative cross-sectional study using a validated questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The association between breast cancer diagnosis and symptoms of depression was evaluated using a multivariable binary logistic regression model.

RESULTS
About 39.2% of women with breast cancer had some level of symptoms of depression compared with 23.8% of women without the disease. By severity of symptoms of depression, 13.1% of women with breast cancer reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression compared with 6.8% of women without the disease. Sixty-three percent of women with breast cancer reported difficulties performing routine daily activities, compared with 36.7% of women without the disease. In the multivariable-adjusted model, women with breast cancer were 2 times (adjusted odds ratio, 2.26 [95% CI, 1.49 to 3.44]) more likely to report symptoms of depression compared with those without the disease. Likewise, women with breast cancer were 4.78 (95% CI, 3.51 to 6.52) times more likely to report difficulty in performing routine daily activities compared with women without the disease.

CONCLUSION
Four in 10 women with breast cancer in Addis Ababa reported having symptoms of depression, which was considerably higher than women in the general population. This finding emphasizes the importance of addressing psychosocial needs among women with breast cancer to enhance quality of life and potentially extend longevity.
Importance of environmental signals for cardiac morphological development in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Vindas Marco A. , Engdal Vilde Arntzen , Kavaliauskiene Simona , Folkedal Ole , Höglund Erik , Moyano Marta , Øverli Øyvind , Frisk Michael , Johansen Ida B. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The hearts of salmonids display remarkable plasticity, adapting to various environmental factors that influence cardiac function and demand. For instance, in response to cold temperature, the salmonid heart undergoes growth and remodeling to counterbalance the reduced contractile function associated with dropping temperatures. Alongside heart size, the distinct pyramidal shape of the wild salmonid heart is essential for optimal cardiac performance, yet the environmental drivers behind this optimal cardiac morphology remain to be fully understood. Intriguingly, farmed salmonids often have rounded, asymmetrical ventricles and misaligned bulbi from an early age. These deformities are noteworthy given that farmed salmon are often not exposed to natural cues, such as a gradual temperature increase and changing day lengths, during critical developmental stages. In this study, we investigated whether natural environmental conditions during early life stages are pivotal for proper cardiac morphology. Atlantic salmon were raised under simulated natural conditions (low temperature with a natural photoperiod; SimNat) and compared with those reared under simulated farming conditions (SimFarm). Our findings reveal that the ventricle shape and bulbus alignment in SimNat fish closely resemble those of wild salmon, while functional analyses indicate significant differences between SimNat and SimFarm hearts, suggesting diastolic dysfunction and higher cardiac workload in SimFarm hearts. These findings highlight the profound influence of environmental factors such as water temperature and photoperiod on the structural development of the salmonid heart, underscoring the importance of early environmental conditions for cardiac health.
Hypertonic water reabsorption with a parallel-current system via the glandular and saccular renal tubules of Ruditapes philippinarum
Authors: Seo Eriko , Seo Yoshiteru 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We investigated the renal function of the brackish water clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, employing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The R. philippinarum kidney consists of two renal tubules, a glandular (GT) and a saccular (ST) tubule. After exposure to seawater containing manganese ion (Mn2+) at 20°C, the intensity of the T1-weighted MRI and longitudinal relaxation rates (1/T1=R1) of the kidney were increased. In the ST, haemolymph containing Mn2+ entered directly from the auricle, and the Mn2+ concentration ([Mn2+]) increased in the initial part of the ST. Thereafter, [Mn2+] was almost constant until the posterior end of the kidney. The GT received haemolymph from the pedal sinus via the visceral sinus. The GT runs parallel inside the ST, and [Mn2+] increased progressively until it merged with the ST. In a range of seawater with [Mn2+] from 1 to 30 µmol l−1, the [Mn2+] increased 12-fold in the posterior part of the ST, compared with the ambient [Mn2+]. Based on these results, the epithelium of the initial part of the ST reabsorbs water from luminal fluid, building up a higher osmotic pressure. Using this osmotic gradient, hypertonic water is reabsorbed via the epithelium of the GT to the ST, and then transferred to the haemolymph via the epithelium of the ST. Excess water is excreted as urine. This model was supported by the increases in [Mn2+] in the ST when the clams were exposed to seawater containing Mn2+ at salinity from 26.0 to 36.0‰, showing that the parallel-current system works in hypotonic seawater.
Approximating the Set of Nash Equilibria for Convex Games
Authors: Feinstein Zachary , Hey Niklas , Rudloff Birgit 
Published: October 2024

Computing Nash Equilibria as Pareto Points Recent work by Feinstein and Rudloff (“Characterizing and Computing the Set of Nash Equilibria via Vector Optimization”) proved that it is possible to characterize the set of all Nash equilibria as the set of all Pareto optimal solutions of a certain vector optimization problem. “Approximating the Set of Nash Equilibria for Convex Games” by Feinstein, Hey, and Rudloff expands on this result to demonstrate that a comparable relation holds between the set of all approximate Nash equilibria and approximate Pareto solutions of a specific vector optimization problem. This characterization holds for all noncooperative games but opens a new way of computing Nash equilibria using techniques and algorithms from convex vector optimization. A sandwich property is proven in which the computed set of approximate Pareto solutions is bounded between the set of true Nash equilibria and the set of all approximate Nash equilibria with controlled error.
Effects of combined respiratory physiotherapy with high-flow nasal cannula and Venturi mask in spinal cord injury: a single-subject research study and literature review
Authors: Raciti Loredana , Raciti Gianfranco , Ammendolia Antonio , Distefano Sandro Maria , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Onesta Maria Pia , Prosperini Gaetano 
Published: October 2024

Background: The level of spinal cord injury affects the severity of respiratory impairment and the alteration of respiratory pattern and gas exchanges. Lesions at the C3-C5 level (phrenic nerve nucleus) cause disruption of descending input with paralysis of the main inspiratory muscle, often requiring tracheostomy and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Oxygen therapy is essential to switch from ventilatory support to removal of the endotracheal tube to correct residual difficulties in oxygenation management. Case Presentation: A 58-year-old man had tracheostomy and tetraparesis as complication of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy treatment for a history of obstructive sleep apnea. A respiratory rehabilitation program with protocol of oxygen therapy with high flow cannula alternated with a low-flow system by Venturi mask during daytime hours only was started. The patient was constantly monitored with capillary partial oxygen saturation to obtain adequate oxygenation (> 94%) and registered every 15 minutes in the clinical chart. There was gradual improvement of respiratory function. Oxygen by Venturi mask was gradually reduced due to improvement of partial pressure oxygen values. Over the course of days, the optimal results of respiratory parameters led to a gradual weaning from the Venturi mask until the complete discontinuation of the low-flow system during daytime and decreased of the high-flow fraction of inspired oxygen to the maximal tolerated level during nighttime. Conclusions: Implementing a combined protocol of nighttime oxygen with high flow cannula and daytime Venturi mask improves intensive motor training of patients by promoting the acquisition of ability to perform chair/bed transitions and to be able to achieve standing and begin gait training. More research is needed whether or noted to determine the role of this promising approach in patients with severe SCI and in other critically ill patients.