bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of cancers among South Asians working in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Chong Vui Heng , Telisinghe Pemasari Upali , Chong Chee Fui 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background: Worldwide the incidence of cancers is increasing and this seen more in developing nations. This study looks at the spectrum of cancers among South Asian nationals working in Brunei Darussalam, a developing Southeast Asia nation. Materials and Methods: The cancer registry from 1994 to 2012 maintained by the State Laboratory was retrospectively reviewed. Results: Over the period, there was a total of 123 cancer cases diagnosed among South Asians, giving an incidence of 1.5% (n = 123/8253). The mean age at diagnosis was 42.9 ± 17.1 with a gender ratio of (male 60; female 63). Among the South Asians, Indians accounted for the most (53.7%) cases, followed by Nepalese (39.8%), Pakistani (3.3%) and Sri Lankan (2.4%). The most common cancers were cancers of the female reproductive/gynecologic organs, gastrointestinal tract, and breast. Among the two major ethnic groups; cancers of the breast was the most common among Indians followed by gastrointestinal tract where among the Nepalese, these were gastrointestinal tract followed by gynecologic (esp. cervical cancers). Among the South Asian, the Nepalese were younger at diagnosis compared to the other groups. Conclusion: The spectrum of cancers among South Asian residing in Brunei is comparable to what have been reported from South Asia with the exception of lung cancers. The most common cancers were cancers of female reproductive/gynecologic organs, gastrointestinal tract and breast. South Asians were younger at diagnosis of cancers compared to non-South Asians.
The relationship between histologic grades of invasive carcinoma of breast ducts and mast cell infiltration
Authors: Fakhrjou Ashraf , Naghavi-Behzad Mohammad , Montazeri Vahid , Karkon-Shayan Farid , Norouzi-Panahi Leila , Piri Reza 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the most prevalent tumors among women. Transformation of inflated cells in immune response leads to increase in inflammatory cells such as macrophages, mast cells (MC) and fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between grades of invasive carcinoma of the breast ducts and MC infiltration around tumoral cells. Methods: During the present study, 75 female patients suffering from invasive ductal carcinoma who underwent surgery or diagnostic biopsy during 2010 and 2013 in Educational-Medical centers of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, were included in the study. Based on Bloom-Richardson grading system, 25 cases were selected from each grade. To better observe of MCs, samples were stained by Toluidine blue and MCs were counted in 10 40 × 10 fields. Results: The mean age was 47.56 ± 10.84 and the number of MCs was between 6 and 96 and their overall average was 43.01. Average count of MCs in grade 1, 2 and 3 were 15.92 ± 10.07, 45.32 ± 10.47, and 67.8 ± 20.70, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the number of MCs and increase in disease grade (P < 0.001). With increasing grade of malignancy, the number of MCs had grown. No significant relationship was observed between age and grade of disease or age and number of MC. Conclusion: According to obtained results, number of MC around tumoral cells increased significantly with an increase in the grade of disease. In order to treat in thefirst stages of the disease, recognizing primary changes in the stroma of cells could be helpful.
Surgical controversies in the management of post-chemotherapy nonretroperitoneal residual disease in metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors
Authors: Pandey Durgatosh , Garg Pankaj Kumar , Ray Mukur Dipi , Mishra Ashutosh 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFollowing the advent of platinum-based chemotherapy, Surgery, excepting orchidectomy, has become an adjunct treatment in the management of metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT). Role of surgery comes into play in metastatic NSGCT when residual disease persists following standard chemotherapy. Surgical excision of all post chemotherapy residual disease at all places, whenever surgically feasible with acceptable morbidity and mortality, should be undertaken. As histopathological examination of the excised postchemotherapy residue shows only necrosis and fibrosis in significant number of patients; surgical exercise in this group of patients seems futile and unwarranted retrospectively. This issue becomes more contentious when surgeons are confronted with multiple nonretroperitoneal post chemotherapy residues. This article aims to deal with the management of postchemotherapy nonretroperitoneal residues in metastatic NSGCT.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Single-Center Series of 12 Cases from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elyamany Ghaleb , Alzahrani Azzah , Elfaraidi Huda , Alsuhaibani Omar , Othman Nada , Mussaed Eman Al , Alabbas Fahad 
Published: April 2016

Background Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially fatal disease that commonly appears in infancy, although it has been reported in adults. Chemoimmunotherapy-based treatments have improved the survival of patients with HLH; however, overall survival is still poor. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 12 HLH patients who were admitted between 2005 and 2014. All patients were Saudi Arabia in origin with a female predominance (75%) and a median age of onset of 9.5 months. The consanguinity rates were significantly high (75%) with a positive family history in 41% of cases. Of the 12 patients, nine were defined as primary HLH patients and three were confirmed to be secondary HLH patients. All patients fulfilled the 2004 diagnostic criteria for HLH and received HLH-2004 treatment. Six of these patients showed a good response to chemotherapy, while the remainder of the patients showed partial or no response to chemotherapy. Five patients in this cohort received stem cell transplant, and these patients are currently in remission. The mortality rate of this cohort is currently 50%. Genetic mutational analysis showed a positive STX11 mutation in five patients and a PRF1 ( perforin) mutation in two patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case series of HLH from Saudi Arabia.
The Thickness of the Cartesian Product of Two Graphs
Authors: Chen Yichao , Yin Xuluo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe thickness of a graph G is the minimum number of planar subgraphs whose union is G. A t-minimal graph is a graph of thickness t that contains no proper subgraph of thickness t. In this paper, upper and lower bounds are obtained for the thickness, t(G ⎕ H), of the Cartesian product of two graphs G and H, in terms of the thickness t(G) and t(H). Furthermore, the thickness of the Cartesian product of two planar graphs and of a t-minimal graph and a planar graph are determined. By using a new planar decomposition of the complete bipartite graph K4k,4k, the thickness of the Cartesian product of two complete bipartite graphs Kn,n and Kn,n is also given for n≠4k + 1.
3D Printing of Molecular Models
Authors: Gardner Adam , Olson Arthur 
Published: April 2016

Physical models have a long and important role in exploring and communicating scientific and medical concepts and structures. One of the earliest physical scientific visualizations was the orrery, a mechanical model of the solar system, which first appeared in Greece around 150 BC. Early anatomical models, such as those made from Papier-Mache were developed in the early 19th Century. The earliest molecular models were those produced in the mid 19th century by chemists (such as Hoffman and Kekule) to visualize the nature of chemical composition. These models brought abstract or unseen structures into the context of human experience.
PRODUÇÃO ARTÍSTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO CAPIXABA UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA
Authors: Masini Elcie F. Salzano , Pimentel Fabricia Alves da Silva 
Published: April 2016

Relato da experiência de uma educadora do campo, do estado do Espírito Santo, mestranda de uma pós-graduação interdisciplinar, na cidade de São Paulo. Descrição da vivência na metrópole almejada para usufruir benefícios culturais, das próprias inquietações frente aos conceitos depreciativos sobre a cultura camponesa e o desejo de ampliar olhares sobre as possibilidades de vivências e descobertas dos espaços de vida e de produções culturais, artísticas e sociais do campo capixaba. A busca dos significados da produção capixaba e os valores descobertos da sua expressão artística revelaram a percepção e compreensão do seu próprio mundo. O desvelar da produção artística no Campo Capixaba propiciou à educadora e mestranda uma Aprendizagem Significativa.No esforço de ampliar conhecimentos, na expectativa de aprofundamento de estudos e de conhecimentos de diferentes áreas, da dúvida sobre certezas construídas, a educadora camponesa resgatou a complexidade do campo. A partir dos significados dessa vida compreendeu e elaborou o que apreendeu da complexidade da vida da metrópole e construiu novos significados reiterando como o conhecimento vai sendo adquirido à medida que novas informações são ancoradas em representação, conceitos e ideias que tem disponíveis em sua estrutura cognitiva (AUSUBEL, 1963).
A CENTRALIDADE DE LONDRINA – PR NA REDE URBANA BRASILEIRA: DE CENTRO REGIONAL AO NÍVEL SUB-METROPOLITANO
Authors: Fresca Tânia Maria 
Published: April 2016

O objetivo do artigo é realizar uma discussão sobre as transformações no nível de centralidade da cidade de Londrina – PR na rede urbana brasileira, a partir de pesquisas realizadas para a escala nacional. Trata-se de estudos realizados por Geiger (1963), IBGE (1972, 1987, 2000, 2008) e IPEA (2000). Com base nestes, bibliografias específicas para Londrina e levantamentos de dados, procura-se entender e discutir criticamente sua centralidade em diferentes momentos. Os trabalhos permitiram evidenciar que a mesma apresentava-se como um centro regional nos anos de 1950, alcançando a centralidade submetropolitana no final dos anos de 1970 e assim permaneceu até o inicio dos anos de 1990. Esta posição foi ratificada no início dos anos 2000 pelo IPEA, incluindo-se ainda o fato de considerá-la como uma aglomeração urbana de maior porte. No último trabalho do IBGE sobre a rede urbana nacional a considerou como uma capital regional de nível B. Esta posição é criticamente analisada a partir de elementos como a forma urbana e os deslocamentos pendulares na aglomeração urbana, as atividades comerciais e prestadoras de serviços, que demonstram tratar-se de um escalão urbano bastante complexo, que a aproxima cada vez mais de escalão metropolitano.
REMUNERAÇÃO DOS AUDITORES PERANTE A AGRESSIVIDADE TRIBUTÁRIA E GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA NO BRASIL
Authors: Martinez Antonio Lopo , Lessa Rubem Cardoso , Moraes Arquimedes De Jesus 
Published: April 2016

Este estudo investiga a relação entre as praticas de tax avoidance e os honorários de auditoria. A literatura já relacionou vários fatores que determinam o valor dos honorários de auditoria, entre eles, destacam-se aqueles que mensuram possíveis riscos para a firma de auditoria. Nesta pesquisa investiga-se, no contexto de empresas brasileiras, o efeito da agressividade tributária na remuneração requerida pela firma de auditoria. Usando dados de remuneração dos auditores coletados no período de 2009 a 2011, bem como utilizando o Book-Tax diferences (diferenças entre o lucro contábil e o lucro tributário), como proxy empírica para Agressividade tributária, foi possível constatar que as praticas de tax avoidance estão positivamente relacionados aos honorários de auditoria, i.e., empresas mais agressivas em termos tributários, tendem a ser penalizadas com uma maior remuneração dos auditores. Porém na análise contextualizada, constatou-se que a adoção de boas práticas de governança corporativa minimiza essa relação, atenuando os efeitos incrementais sobre a remuneração dos auditores. Esta pesquisa evidencia a percepção de risco do auditor independente, e como isso se reflete em sua remuneração. Temas conexos, tais como planejamento tributário, auditoria independente e governança corporativa, são analisados, na identificação de interações não usualmente percebidas pelo mercado.
Authors: Raifur Leo , Sousa Almir Ferreira de 
Published: April 2016

O objetivo do estudo consistiu em investigar a influência dos indicadores econômico-financeiros de curto prazo sobre o valor da empresa. A amostra foi composta por 261 empresas não-financeiras listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, com dados trimestrais abrangendo o período entre março de 2000 a dezembro de 2009. Para avaliar se indicadores de curto prazo impactam no valor da empresa, foram utilizadas as técnicas de análise fatorial e regressão de dados em painel. De 27 indicadores inicialmente selecionados, 11 foram utilizados na análise fatorial, de onde resultaram quatro fatores: liquidez e capital de giro; atividade; desempenho e; financiamento. A regressão em painel com efeitos fixos mostrou que a liquidez/capital de giro e o desempenho apresentam impacto significativo no valor da empresa, concluindo-se que estes exercem influência nos fluxos de caixa livre da empresa e/ou no seu custo de capital. Por outro lado os fatores relacionados às atividades (ATV) e as fontes de financiamento (FNC) não apresentaram coeficientes estatisticamente significativos. Nesse sentido, concluiu-se que mesmo não apresentando coeficientes estatisticamente significativos, informações constantes nestes indicadores podem ter sido captadas pelas outras categorias de índices apresentadas no estudo.
REPLICAÇÃO, REPLICAÇÃO
Authors: King Gary 
Published: April 2016

A ciência política é uma empreitada coletiva. A comunidade dos cientistas políticos empiricamente orientados precisa ter acesso aos conjuntos de dados necessários para reproduzir os estudos existentes de modo a entender, avaliar e, especialmente, se desenvolver a partir destes trabalhos. Infelizmente, as regras que nós seguimos atualmente não encorajam, ou em alguns casos nem permitem, este objetivo. A seguir estão sugestões que devem facilitar a replicação e que são facilmente implementáveis por professores, estudantes, pós-graduandos, programas de pós-graduação, autores, pareceristas, agências de financiamento e editores de livros e revistas.
Sociedade em rede e os movimentos sociais: o caso do movimento passe livre
Authors: Fernandes Valéria Dal Cim 
Published: April 2016

O presente estudo teve como objetivo produzir e traduzir alguns sentidos do mundo contemporâneo. Mirando a cultura que emergiu nos últimos trinta anos, fortemente marcada pelo desenvolvimento da internet, investigamos as práticas políticas que despontaram na cena pública deste momento histórico. Nessa perspectiva, atentamos para os personagens que diagnosticaram e elaboraram propostas para a realidade social de seu tempo. Em especial, nos interessou a vivência dos militantes de um movimento brasileiro nascido neste meio, o Movimento Passe Livre (MPL). O texto reconstruiu a forma e conteúdo deste movimento social em sua relação com determinantes históricos, evidenciando a quebra de paradigmas no que tange as usuais formas de “fazer política”. De modo geral, o nosso esforço foi apresentar subsídios para o debate sobre o papel das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação em relação à dinâmica interna dos movimentos sociais.
Os marginalizados e a ética de Leonilson
Authors: Schleder Karoline Stoltz , Perigo Katiucya 
Published: April 2016

RESUMO: Objetiva-se explorar, na obra do artista Leonilson (1957-1993), a questão da homossexualidade, investigando a forma como esse tema é desenvolvido e sua possível relação com o modo com que a homossexualidade é abordada pela sociedade atual. A evidência de homofobia e a crescente discussão em torno da temática da diversidade possibilitam ampliar significados sobre a obra desse artista. Nesta pesquisa qualitativa, realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico nos periódicos CAPES, arquivos de instituições locais e análise documental de sua obra. A presença recorrente da ambiguidade e o questionamento das verdades na obra de Leonilson apontam para a reflexão sobre a diversidade de gênero, para uma 'não questão da homossexualidade', como uma das formas de existência do humano. É nesse sentido também que Leonilson trata de outros grupos marginalizados. A reflexão sobre gênero a partir da obra de Leonilson merece ser mais explorada, tendo em vista a escassez de pesquisas sobre esse artista brasileiro.Palavras-chave: Leonilson, homossexualidade, arte contemporânea. ABSTRACT: This paper intends to explore, through the works of the artist Leonilson (1957-1993), the question of homosexuality, investigating the way in which this theme is developed and its possible relationship with the manner in which homosexuality is approached by contemporary society. Evidence of homophobia and the growing discussion about the theme of diversity have enabled the work of this artist to take on greater significations. In this qualitative study a bibliographical search was performed in CAPES periodicals and the archives of local institutions, as well as document analysis of his works. The recurring presence of ambiguity and the questioning of truths in Leonilson’s work point to a reflection on gender diversity, to a 'non-issue of homosexuality', as one of the forms of human existence. It is also in this sense that Leonilson deals with other marginalized groups. Reflection on gender based on the works of Leonilson deserves to be explored more, in view of the scarcity of research on this Brazilian artist.Keywords: Leonilson, homosexuality, contemporary art.
The Norm of Integrity in Corporate Governance Codes: Could It Be Made Enforceable?
Authors: Steins Bisschop B.T.M. 
Published: April 2016

The Norm of Integrity in Corporate Governance Codes: Could It Be Made Enforceable?
The faring of Goldman Sachs during the financial crisis of 2008 is discussed against the background of legal instruments that were employed to avoid its failure. This discussion leads to the conclusion that in this case, the limits of classical legal instruments were reached. To further good corporate governance, the legal relevance of the term ‘integrity’ is explored. It is concluded that the legal term of integrity is used universally in corporate governance codes, but is not operational and therefore not enforceable. An attempt is made to redefine this general principle into a more operational term. This is tested in the case of Goldman Sachs’ executive Jon Winkelried. It is assumed that he has violated the standard of integrity but also that there were no enforceable legal means to sanction his behaviour. The conclusion is that the more operational interpretation of the term integrity could, in this case, have resulted in an enforceable legal instrument to sanction behaviour that is contrary to the norm of integrity. This operational term of integrity could aid in the debate on furthering good corporate governance through enforceable legal strategies.
De rol van de strafrechter: van waarheidsvinder naar regisseur van de proceslogistiek
Authors: Luining Egge 
Published: April 2016

The role of the criminal judge: from truth finder to director of the trial logistics
The current legislative project aiming to modernise the Dutch Code of Criminal Procedure will have far reaching consequences for how criminal law is organised and therefore has implications for the criminal law practice. A large implication is the changing role of the criminal judge. As the judge traditionally has an important role to play with regard to truth finding and legal protection, this raises the question what the legislative project means for this role and whether complete and balanced truth finding and legal protection are sufficiently guaranteed. This article provides answer to this question and offers some recommendations.
Wat wordt er nu eigenlijk gezegd? Een verkennend onderzoek naar communicatiepatronen op het Darkweb
Authors: Van Remunt Tommy , Van Wilsem Johan 
Published: April 2016

What are they talking about? An exploratory research on communication patterns on the Darkweb
The continuous integration of the Internet in societal daily life leads to an array of new communication methods, including the Darkweb. This hidden form of the Internet (which enables much more anonymity due to several encryption techniques) seems to be used for a lot of criminal enterprise. Also in the planning phase of crimes, the Darkweb seems to play an important role. Nevertheless, research on this phenomenon is quite scarce. In the present study, a sample of 198 threads (i.e. discussion topics) was analyzed via a quantitative content analysis, after which an exploratory study was conducted to highlight patterns and structures of communications on the Darkweb. The results show that different types of Darkweb users (e.g. sellers, rookie users, etc.) vary clearly in their communication activities and the crimes that they communicate about (e.g. malware, drugs).
Recht en Utilisme
Authors: Hage Jaap 
Published: April 2016

Recht en Utilisme Een pleidooi voor het utilisme als richtlijn voor de wetgever
In this article I plead for utilitarianism as guideline for the editor. The article consists mostly of rebuttals of a number of traditional objections against utilitarianism. In particular (but not exclusively) the following objections are discussed: It is impossible to predict the consequences of legislative measures. Legislation should be evaluated procedurally (democratically), rather than by a substantive standard. Utilitarianism allows the sacrifice of the interests or even rights of some on behalf of those of others. Utilitarianism leads to results that are sometimes strongly counterintuitive. A substantial part of the article consists of a discussion of coherentism as method for, amongst others, normative reasoning.
Dworkin’s Constructive Interpretation as a Method of Legal Research.
Authors: de Graaf Francisca Christina Wilhelmina 
Published: April 2016

Dworkin’s Constructive Interpretation as a Method of Legal Research.
Central to this contribution is the question whether Dworkin’s theory of constructive interpretation as a method of applying law for the judge, can be used as a method of legal-dogmatic research. Constructive interpretation is a method of legal interpretation that aims to find a normative unity in the diversity of rules that characterize a legal system. In order to find an answer to this question, the key elements of Dworkin’s theory are explained and applied to the author’s PhD research. Methodological difficulties that could give rise to problems when applying Dworkin’s theory, are investigated. In the end, the author concludes that since the judge and the scholar use quite the same methods when interpreting law, the principles of constructivism should fit legal research well, even though some aspects of Dworkin’s theory are difficult to operationalize in practice. As a leading notion however, constructivism constitutes a workable method of legal research.
De kracht en beperkingen van cirkelgesprekken in het HERstelgericht GroepsOverleg (Hergo) in Vlaanderen
Authors: Vanseveren Bie , Vanfraechem Inge 
Published: April 2016

Power and limitations of circle conversations in Flemish Hergo (group discussion focussed on restorative justice)
In this article Bie Vanseveren and Inge Vanfraechem outline and discuss the practice of a Hergo with juveniles in Belgium.