bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood transmission studies of prion infectivity in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus): the Baxter study
Authors: Ritchie Diane L. , Gibson Susan V. , Abee Christian R. , Kreil Thomas R. , Ironside James W. , Brown Paul 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDFour secondary transmissions of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (vCJD) infectivity have been associated with the transfusion of nonleukoreduced red blood cells collected from vCJD patients during the asymptomatic phase of the disease. Establishing efficient experimental models for assessing the risk of future transmissions of vCJD infectivity via blood transfusion is of paramount importance in view of a study of archived appendix samples in which the prevalence of asymptomatic vCJD infection in the United Kingdom was estimated at approximately 1 in 2000 of the population. In this study, we investigated transmission of vCJD and sporadic CJD (sCJD) infectivity from blood using the squirrel monkey, which is highly susceptible to experimental challenge with human prion disease.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWhole blood collected from vCJD‐ and sCJD‐infected squirrel monkeys was transfused at multiple time points into recipient squirrel monkeys. Blood recipients were euthanized approximately 7 years after their first blood transfusion.RESULTSNo clinical or pathologic signs of a prion disease were observed in either the sCJD‐ or the vCJD‐transfused monkeys, and immunohistochemistry and biochemical investigations showed no PrPTSE in central nervous system or lymphoreticular tissues. Similarly, monkeys inoculated intracerebrally (IC) and intravenously (IV) with either buffy coat or plasma from vCJD and sCJD patients failed to develop disease. However, white blood cells from a chimpanzee‐passaged strain of human Gerstmann‐Sträussler‐Scheinker (GSS) disease transmitted autopsy‐proven disease to two IC‐inoculated monkeys after incubation periods of 34 and 39 months.CONCLUSIONBlood transmits GSS but not sCJD or vCJD infectivity to IC‐ or IV‐inoculated squirrel monkeys within a 7‐year observation period.
The area under the curve of l‐lactate in neonatal foals from birth to 14 days of age
Authors: Sheahan Breanna J. , Wilkins Pamela A. , Lascola Kara M. , Martin Victoria , Po Eleonora 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies have shown the prognostic utility of measuring l‐lactate in critically ill neonatal foals, both as single (at admission) and serial measurements. Greater prognostic sensitivity and specificity may be achieved by use of the area under the l‐lactate versus time curve (LACArea) over the first 24 hours of hospitalization, which captures both severity and duration of hyperlactatemia. Prior to application of this concept in sick equine neonates, a reference interval for LACArea should be determined.MethodsThe concentration of lactate [LAC] was measured in blood obtained via direct jugular venipuncture from clinically normal foals on Days 1 (birth–24 h of age), 3, 7, and 14 following birth at 6‐hour intervals for each 24‐hour period. LACArea was calculated using the trapezoidal method. Differences in LACArea by Day were determined by MANOVA with a priori Bonferroni correction, P ≤ 0.05.ResultsLACArea differed by Day (P = 0.001), being largest on Day 1, followed by Day 3. Days 7 and 14 were smallest and not different from each other.ConclusionLACArea decreases substantially and predictably over the first week of life in normal neonatal foals. Knowing how LACArea normally changes over the first 2 weeks of life will aid in future study of LACArea as it applies to sick neonatal foals, allowing for consideration of maturational changes potentially unrelated to disease.
Inflation Pressures for Ex Vivo Lung Biopsies After Application of Graduated Compression Staples
Authors: Imhoff Darren J. , Monnet Eric 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo compare 2 graduated compression staples (Tri‐Staple™, Covidien, Norwalk, CT) and standard staples (Endo GIA™, Covidien) for lung biopsy in dogs.Study DesignEx vivo experimental study, randomized, unblocked.AnimalsLung lobes (n = 18) from 4 canine cadavers.MethodsEighteen lung lobes were harvested from 4 dogs immediately after euthanasia and randomized to 1 of 3 staples (n = 6 per stapler type). Each lung lobe was intubated and maintained inflated at 10 cmH2O. A biopsy of the periphery of each lung lobe was taken approximately 3 cm from the edge with a stapling device; the Tri‐Staple™ medium/thick (TST), Tri‐Staple™ vascular/medium (TSV), and Endo GIA™ 45‐2.5 (EG). Each lobe was inflated to a maximum of 45 cmH2O of water to determine the pressure at which air leakage occurred (leak pressure).ResultsThe mean (95% confidence interval) leak pressure was 38.0 cmH2O (33.1–42.9) for EG, 29.2 (24.3–34.0) for TSV, and 26.0 (21.1–30.9) for TST. The mean leak pressure was significantly higher for EG than TSV (P = .016) and for EG than TST (P = .002), but was not different between TSV and TST (P = .344). One TSV leaked at 20 cmH2O and 1 TST leaked at 17 cmH2O. The surface area of the biopsy samples was not significantly different for staple types (P = .183).ConclusionBoth TST and TSV leaked at significantly lower airway pressures than EG and may not be suitable for canine lung biopsy as some specimens leaked at pressures of 20 cmH2O or less.
Estudio de la propagación sexual del arboloco Montanoa quadrangularis Schultz Bipontianus Asteraceae
Authors: Tamayo-Rincón Marcela , Rodríguez-Perez Loyla , Escobar-Torres William 
Published: November 2015

<p><strong> Objective.</strong> To develop sexual propagation methodologies for <em>Montanoa quadrangularis </em>Schultz Bipontianus (<em>arboloco</em>). <strong>Materials and methods. </strong>Seeds were harvested from trees grown at the Chilaca environmental station (Geoambiente Ltda.) located in Pacho, Cundinamarca, Colombia. The study was carried out in two phases: firstly, substrate effect on germination responses was evaluated in seedbed conditions. Substrates evaluated were: local soil, local soil mixed with worm humus, and peat. Additionally, two spatial arrangements were assessed: seeds sown at random and at 0.5 cm in depth. Secondly, in nursery conditions the effect of the substrates local soil, local soil mixed with worm humus and peat, as well as the effect of developmental stages of the plants (with 2, 4, and 6 leaves) on their further growth and development were evaluated. <strong>Results. </strong>In seedbed conditions, the germination capacity was highly influenced by peat substrate (83.67%) whereas in local soil the germination capacity was 40.83%. In nursery conditions, 6-leaf plants grown in local soil mixed with worm humus showed the best responses on parameters such as plant total length (9.51 cm), leaf area (36.69 cm<sup>2</sup>), and total dry weight (0.10 g). <strong>Conclusions. </strong>The type of substrate used in seedbed conditions influenced the germination capacity of <em>M</em><em>. quadrangularis</em> seeds. The substrate and the developmental stage of the plant had a significant influence on the growth and development of <em>arboloco</em> plants.</p> <p><strong>Key words: </strong>germination indices, plant growth and development, forestry species.</p><br />
La preferencia de hábitat de géneros de Zoantharia depende de la morfología de la esponja.
Authors: Montenegro-González Javier , Acosta Alberto 
Published: November 2015

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Objective. </strong>Studies about sponge-zoanthid symbioses have been focused on understanding the specificity of the association, rather than testing what are the characteristics that make the host suitable to be colonized. For the first time it is investigated whether the Zoantharia <em>Parazoanthus </em>and <em>Epizoanthus</em> preference is related to the host sponge morphology (shape and mechanical resistance). <strong>Materials and methods.</strong> Sponges were categorized according to their shape and mechanical resistance. The presence/absence of zoanthids was recorded in 1,068 sponges at San Andres Island, and their habitat preference was evaluated using indices and confidence intervals. <strong>Results.</strong> 85 <em>Parazoanthus</em> colonies<em> </em>(78% of the total associations) and 24 <em>Epizoanthus </em>colonies (22%) were associated to sponges (10.2% in total). <em>Parazoanthus </em>uses branched and compressible sponges although prefers encrusting and fragile sponges, while <em>Epizoanthus </em>showes the opposite pattern, it can inhabit encrusting and fragile sponges but prefers branched and compressible sponges. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> These results indicated that sponge morphology is an important trait in zoanthid habitat selection. On the other hand, the similarity in the habitat used by zoanthids suggests the possibility of inter-generic competition if common resources are limited in time and space, while the differential habitat preference allows the competitive coexistence of both genera.</p> <p><strong>Key words: </strong><em>Epizoanthus</em>, host, <em>Parazoanthus</em>, symbiont, sponge, morphology<em>.</em></p><p> </p><br /><em></em>
Análisis inmunofenotípico de muestras normales de médula ósea: aplicaciones en el control de calidad en los laboratorios de citometría
Authors: Roa-Higuera Diana Carolina , Fiorentino-Gómez Susana , Rodríguez-Pardo Viviana Marcela , Campos-Arenas Alba Myriam , Infante-Acosta Elvira Antonia , Cardozo-Romero Claudia Cecilia , Quijano-Gómez Sandra Milena 
Published: November 2015

<p><strong></strong><strong>Objective.</strong> To describe a standardized flow cytometry protocol for the relative and absolute quantification of hematopoietic cell subpopulations from normal bone marrow, and to evaluate the expression of different lineage-specific cell markers with a reactivity associated to cell differentiation to be used as part of the routine quality control in cytometry laboratories. <strong>Materials and methods. </strong>The immunophenotypical analysis of different cell subpopulations was done with samples from normal bone marrow using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies useful in the characterization of acute leukemias with four different fluorescences, by means of a protocol that combines cell labeling of membrane and cytoplasm antigens. Expression analysis was done in terms of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). Fluorescent beads at a known concentration were added for calculating the absolute count of cells. <strong>Results.</strong> The antibody panel used allowed the identification and quantification of different normal leukocyte subpopulations of lymphatic and myeloid origin, including CD34+ stem cells and more differentiated cell populations in the granulocytic, monocytic, and erythroid cell lines. We established reference values for cell populations and cell marker expression ranges as part of routine quality control of cytometry laboratories. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> Immunophenotypic patterns identified as well as absolute and relative reference values for the different normal leukocyte populations from bone marrow can be used by cytometry laboratories as a basis for establishing reference parameters in phenotypic analyses of hematologic neoplasia.<strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Key words: </strong>multiparametric flow cytometry, immunophenotype, hematologic neoplasia, normal bone marrow, reference values, quality control.</p>
Métodos semiempíricos para la evaluación rápida de orbitales frontera en la clasificación de agonistas y antagonistas de la subunidad NR1 de los receptores iGluR-NMDA
Authors: Yosa-Reyes Juvenal , Clavijo-Buriticá Diana Carolina , Estévez-Bretón Riveros Carlos Manuel , Acevedo Orlando Emilio 
Published: November 2015

<p><strong></strong>The ionotropic glutamate receptors activated by N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (iGluR-NMDA) are of great importance in pharmacology since they are involved in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders; they even participate in processes such as synaptic plasticity that are essential for memory formation. Subunit NR1 iGluRs-NMDA is of paramount importance for the appropriate activation of this type of receptors; in fact, many of the pharmaceutical products studied for the abovementioned disorders are targeted specifically to the NR1 subunit. Previous studies have shown that the lowest energy unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) can be used as a parameter to estimate the agonist and antagonist activity of the NR1subunit. <strong>Objective.</strong> Evaluate the semiemprical method CNDO for the rapid calculation of the LUMO energy with the aim of preparing a simple model for the <em>in silico</em> design of new pharmacological substances. <strong>Materials and methods</strong>. 168 molecules with agonist and antagonist activity in the NR1 subunit were selected. Energy of each structure was optimized and then we calculated the energy of the frontier orbital, the LogP, total energy, capacity of forming hydrogen bonds, binding energy, and dipolar moment. <strong>Results</strong>. We demonstrate that LUMO energy is enough for discriminating agonist and antagonist molecules of the NR1 subunit and that the CNDO method evaluates these properties in a rapid and efficient way. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. The CNDO method facilitates a rapid calculation, enabling a future development of effective procedures for the characterization of potential pharmacological substances acting on this particular site.</p> <p><strong>Key words</strong>: iGluR-NMDA, LUMO, agonist, antagonist, CNDO</p><br />
Authorship of scientific articles within an ethical-legal framework: quantitative model
Authors: Vallejo Martha , Acosta Alberto , Palacio Correa Gustavo 
Published: November 2015

<p>Determining authorship and the order of authorship in scientific papers, in modern interdisciplinary and interinstitutional science, has become complex at a legal and ethical level. Failure to define authorship before or during the research, creates subsequent problems for those considered authors of a publication or lead authors of a work, particularly so, once the project or manuscript is completed. This article proposes a quantitative and qualitative model to determine authorship within a scientific, ethical and legal frame. The principles used for the construction of this design are based on 2 criteria: a) stages of research and scientific method involving: 1. Planning and development of the research project, 2. Design and data collection, 3. Presentation of results, 4. Interpretation of results, 5. Manuscript preparation to disseminate new knowledge to the scientific community, 6. Administration and management, and b) weighting coefficients in each phase, to decide on authorship and ownership of the work. The model also considers and distinguishes whether the level and activity performed during the creation of the work and the diffusion of knowledge is an intellectual or practical contribution; this distinction both contrasts and complements the elements protected by copyright laws. The format can be applied a priori and a posteriori to the completion of a project or manuscript and can conform to any research and publication. The use of this format will quantitatively resolve: 1. The order of authorship (first author and co-author order), 2. Determine the inclusion and exclusion of contributors, taking into account ethical and legal principles, and 3. Percentages of economic rights for each authors.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Descarga de material suplementario / Supplement material download</strong></p><p><strong>(<em><a href="/index.php/scientarium/editor/downloadFile/4036/14395">A</a>, <a href="/index.php/scientarium/article/downloadSuppFile/4036/923">B</a>, <a href="/index.php/scientarium/article/downloadSuppFile/4036/924">C</a>, <a href="/index.php/scientarium/article/downloadSuppFile/4036/925">D</a></em>)</strong></p><p> </p><p> </p>
An O(n3) algorithm for sorting signed genomes by reversals, transpositions, transreversals and block-interchanges
Authors: Yu Shuzhi , Hao Fanchang , Leong Hon Wai 
Published: November 2015

We consider the problem of sorting signed permutations by reversals, transpositions, transreversals, and block-interchanges. The problem arises in the study of species evolution via large-scale genome rearrangement operations. Recently, Hao et al. gave a 2-approximation scheme called genome sorting by bridges (GSB) for solving this problem. Their result extended and unified the results of (i) He and Chen — a 2-approximation algorithm allowing reversals, transpositions, and block-interchanges (by also allowing transversals) and (ii) Hartman and Sharan — a 1.5-approximation algorithm allowing reversals, transpositions, and transversals (by also allowing block-interchanges). The GSB result is based on introduction of three bridge structures in the breakpoint graph, the L-bridge, T-bridge, and X-bridge that models goodreversal, transposition/transreversal, and block-interchange, respectively. However, the paper by Hao et al. focused on proving the 2-approximation GSB scheme and only mention a straightforward [Formula: see text] algorithm. In this paper, we give an [Formula: see text] algorithm for implementing the GSB scheme. The key idea behind our faster GSB algorithm is to represent cycles in the breakpoint graph by their canonical sequences, which greatly simplifies the search for these bridge structures. We also give some comparison results (running time and computed distances) against the original GSB implementation.
On the taxonomy of the genera Proneca Swinhoe, 1890, Ctenane Swinhoe, 1905 and Selca Walker, 1866 (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae), with the description of two new species from Sumatra
Authors: LÁSZLÓ GYULA M. , RONKAY GÁBOR , RONKAY LÁSZLÓ 
Published: November 2015

Present paper contains the characterisation of the genera Proneca Swinhoe, 1890, Ctenane Swinhoe, 1905, and Selca Walker, 1866, and their species, with the description of two new species, Proneca brunneostriata sp. n. and Ctenane michaeli sp. n., from Sumatra. Two new combinations and a new synonymy are established. With 32 colour photos and 24 genitalia figures.
Metamodeling of Droplet Activation for Global Climate Models
Authors: Rothenberg Daniel , Wang Chien 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The nucleation of cloud droplets from the ambient aerosol is a critical physical process that must be resolved for global models to faithfully predict aerosol–cloud interactions and aerosol indirect effects on climate. To better represent droplet nucleation from a complex, multimodal, and multicomponent aerosol population within the context of a global model, a new metamodeling framework is applied to derive an efficient and accurate activation parameterization. The framework applies polynomial chaos expansion to a detailed parcel model in order to derive an emulator that maps thermodynamic and aerosol parameters to the supersaturation maximum achieved in an adiabatically ascending parcel and can be used to diagnose droplet number from a single lognormal aerosol mode. The emulator requires much less computational time to build, store, and evaluate than a high-dimensional lookup table. Compared to large sample sets from the detailed parcel model, the relative error in the predicted supersaturation maximum and activated droplet number computed with the best emulator is and (one standard deviation), respectively. On average, the emulators constructed here are as accurate and between 10 and 17 times faster than a leading physically based activation parameterization. Because the underlying parcel model being emulated resolves size-dependent droplet growth factors, the emulator captures kinetic limitations on activation. The results discussed in this work suggest that this metamodeling framework can be extended to accurately account for the detailed activation of a complex aerosol population in an arbitrary coupled global aerosol–climate model.
A Qualitative Analysis of NWS Forecasters’ Use of Phased-Array Radar Data during Severe Hail and Wind Events
Authors: Bowden Katie A. , Heinselman Pamela L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The 2013 Phased Array Radar Innovative Sensing Experiment (PARISE) investigated the impacts of higher-temporal-resolution radar data on National Weather Service forecasters’ warning decision processes during severe hail and wind events. In total, 12 forecasters participated in the 2013 PARISE over a 6-week period during the summer of 2013. Participants were assigned to either a control [5-min phased-array radar (PAR) updates] or experimental (1-min PAR updates) group, and worked two cases in simulated real time. This paper focuses on the qualitative retrospective reports of participants’ warning decision processes that were collected using the recent case walk-through method. Timelines of participants’ warning decision process were created for both cases, which were then thematically coded according to a situational awareness framework. Coded themes included perception, comprehension, and projection. It was found that the experimental group perceived significantly more information during both cases than the control group (case 1 p = 0.045 and case 2 p = 0.041), which may have improved the quality of their comprehensions and projections. Analysis of timelines reveals that 1-min PAR updates were important to the experimental group’s more timely and accurate warning decisions. Not only did the 1-min PAR updates enable experimental participants to perceive precursor signatures earlier than control participants, but through monitoring trends in radar data, the experimental group was able to better detect storm motion, more accurately identify expected weather threats from severe thunderstorms, more easily observe strengthening and diminishing trends in storms, and make more correct tornado-related warning decisions.
The Usefulness of Preoperative Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone for Predicting Differentiated Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Authors: Shi Rong‐liang , Liao Tian , Qu Ning , Liang Fei , Chen Jia‐ying , Ji Qing‐hai 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveThyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) is a known thyroid growth factor, but the pathogenic role of TSH in thyroid tumorigenesis is controversial. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between preoperative TSH and differentiated thyroid microcarcinoma (DTMC).Data SourcesWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from their inception to March 2015 and performed a systematic literature review of original studies.Review MethodsPublished studies that explored the relationship between preoperative TSH and DTMC were included for the review. We calculated odds ratio referring to different TSH concentrations between DTMC and control groups and used random effects model for the meta‐analysis.ResultsNine eligible studies that included 6523 patients were identified. Meta‐analysis revealed that DTMC was associated with high TSH concentration (odds ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.03‐1.46, P =. 001). Metaregression analysis indicated that the disparity of control groups was the possible factor resulting in heterogeneity among the studies.ConclusionsThe risk of DTMC increases significantly in parallel with TSH concentration. These results support the hypothesis that TSH is involved in tumorgenesis of differentiated thyroid cancer.