bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein kinase C epsilon contributes to chronic mechanoreflex sensitization in rats with heart failure
Authors: Butenas Alec L. E. , Parr Shannon K. , Flax Joseph S. , Carroll Raimi J. , Baranczuk Ashley M. , Ade Carl J. , Hageman K. Sue , Musch Timothy I. , Copp Steven W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigated second‐messenger signalling components linked to the stimulation of Gq protein‐coupled receptors (e.g. thromboxane A2 and bradykinin B2 receptors) on the sensory endings of thin fibre muscle afferents in the chronic mechanoreflex sensitization in rats with myocardial infarction‐induced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF‐rEF). We hypothesized that injection of either the inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) receptor antagonist xestospongin C (5 µg) or the PKCε translocation inhibitor PKCe141 (45 µg) into the arterial supply of the hindlimb would reduce the increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) evoked during 30 s of 1 Hz dynamic hindlimb muscle stretch in decerebrate, unanaesthetized HF‐rEF rats but not sham‐operated controls (SHAM). Ejection fraction was significantly reduced in HF‐rEF (45 (19)%) compared to SHAM (80 (9)%; P < 0.001) rats. In HF‐rEF rats (n = 3M/2F), IP3 receptor blockade had no effect on the peak ΔRSNA (pre: 99 (74)%; post: 133 (79)%; P = 0.974) or peak ΔMAP response to stretch (peak ΔMAP: pre: 32 (14) mmHg; post: 36 (21) mmHg; P = 0.719). Conversely, in another group of HF‐rEF rats (n = 4M/3F), the PKCε translocation inhibitor reduced the peak ΔRSNA (pre: 110 (77)%; post: 62 (58)%; P = 0.029) and peak ΔMAP response to stretch (pre: 30 (20) mmHg; post: 17 (16) mmHg; P = 0.048). In SHAM counterparts, neither drug affected the mechanoreflex responses. Our findings highlight PKCε, but not IP3 receptors, as a significant second‐messenger in the chronic mechanoreflex sensitization in HF‐rEF which may play a crucial role in the exaggerated sympathetic response to exercise in this patient population.
imageKey points
Skeletal muscle contraction results in an exaggerated reflex increase in sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HF‐rEF) compared to healthy individuals, contributing to increased cardiovascular risk and impaired tolerance for mild exercise.
The exaggerated reflex sympathetic responses in HF‐rEF may be attributed to a chronic sensitization of mechanically sensitive thin fibre muscle afferents mediated, at least in part, by stimulation of Gq protein‐coupled thromboxane A2 and bradykinin B2 receptors on muscle afferent sensory endings.
The specific Gq protein‐linked signalling mechanisms that produce the chronic mechanoreflex sensitization in HF‐rEF have not been investigated but may involve inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) receptors and/or protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε).
Here we demonstrate that PKCε, but not IP3 receptors, within the sensory endings of thin fibre muscle afferents plays a role in the sensitization of mechanically sensitive thin fibre muscle afferents in rats with HF‐rEF.
Image-Based Estimation of Left Ventricular Myocardial Stiffness
Authors: Shazly Tarek , Eads Logan , Kazel Mia , Yigamawano Francesco K. , Guest Juliana , Jones Traci L. , Alshareef Ahmed A. , Barringhaus Kurt G. , Spinale Francis G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Elevation in left ventricular (LV) myocardial stiffness is a key remodeling-mediated change that underlies the development and progression of heart failure (HF). Despite the potential diagnostic value of quantifying this deterministic change, there is a lack of enabling techniques that can be readily incorporated into current clinical practice. To address this unmet clinical need, we propose a simple protocol for processing routine echocardiographic imaging data to provide an index of left ventricular myocardial stiffness, with protocol specification for patients at risk for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We demonstrate our protocol in both a preclinical and clinical setting, with representative findings that suggest sensitivity and translational feasibility of obtained estimates.
A Validated Unsteady Turbofan Engine Performance Simulation Using Pseudo Bond Graph Approach
Authors: Goeing Jan , Lück Sebastian , Friedrichs Jens 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the unsteady performance of a turbofan engine is illustrated and modeled using the pseudo-bond graph approach. The pseudo-bond graph method allows multiphysical and interdisciplinary systems to be described analytically and comprehensibly across disciplines. In this study, a high bypass ratio turbofan engine is modeled using a pseudo-bond graph model that can be adapted for hybrid electric propulsion systems. The development of the model is followed by a full-scale test run of the in-house V2500-A1 turbofan engine. The highly instrumented turbofan engine enables the time-resolved recording of performance-specific variables, thus facilitating the validation of the numerical model. Slam acceleration and deceleration are performed to analyze the unsteady performance. It is shown that the pseudo-bond graph model is able to predict the dynamics of the turbofan engine. High deviations are explained by the incomplete modeling of the control system.
Multidisciplinary Optimization of Gyroid Topologies for a Cold Plate Heat Exchanger Design
Authors: Daifalla Elhusseiny , Shahpar Shahrokh , Tristanto Indi , Carta Mario 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The strive to reduce the environmental impact of aviation has led to electrification and increasing demand for powerful on-board power electronic systems. These high-performance electrical components are bound to produce significant amounts of low-quality heat waste that, if not dissipated properly, will lead to malfunctioning and even permanent damage. For this reason, high-performance heat exchangers (HX) represent a key enabler for future advances in aircraft systems electrification and are vital to meet net zero goals and reduce the aviation's carbon footprint. For a given volume of the exchanger, the heat flow rate can be increased by adopting more sophisticated fluid domains. However, excessive geometrical complexity will lead to an increase in pressure losses, often resulting in inhomogeneous temperature distributions. In this paper, a novel optimization procedure is employed to maximize the efficiency of a high-performance heat exchanger, while minimizing overall pressure loss and temperature gradients. The optimization is performed with full three-dimensional high-fidelity computational flow simulations. The geometry of the fluid domain is constituted by triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), with a parametrization based on thickness and aspect ratios, done by using the ntopology suite. To assess the performance gain, the topology-optimized design is compared against the datum case and a conventional serpentine design.
Thermal History Coatings: Influence of Atmospheric Plasma Spray Parameters on Performance
Authors: Araguás-Rodríguez Silvia , Ferran-Marqués Marta , Pilgrim Christopher C. , Kamnis Spyros , Feist Jörg P. , Nicholls John R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Thermal history coatings (THCs) provide a novel method for measuring temperature profiles in the 900–1600 °C range. Given the steadily increasing firing temperatures in turbomachinery, it is crucial to understand temperature distribution across the majority of a component surface (&gt;80%) to verify the design and component durability. This new temperature profiling capability records the past maximum exposure temperature in such a way that it can be determined once the component has already cooled down. THCs are comprised of oxide ceramics deposited via atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) to create a robust coating. APS deposition employs several variable parameters; spray settings such as gun power, gas flow, or scan rate can affect the particle exposure and thus the microstructure of the coating and its temperature sensing performance. This work shows, for the first time, the influence of APS parameters on luminescent measurements due to changes in the material microstructure. This enabled optimization of the thermal history coatings sensing performance. Extensive calibration data were used to develop a new model to relate the APS spray parameters to the luminescent properties in the as-deposited condition and consequent performance as a temperature sensor. The powder composition and the power and gas flow used during deposition were found to be the most influential parameters. The model identified the optimum spray parameters and was used to demonstrate THCs can achieve measurements in excess of 1600 °C.
High-Fidelity Sensing Modality for Anomaly Detection in Inkjet Printing
Authors: Chivate Aditya , Sun Hongyue , Zhou Chi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Inkjet three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a transformative manufacturing technique, finding applications in diverse fields such as biomedical, metal fabrication, and functional materials production. It involves precise deposition of materials onto a moving substrate through a nozzle, achieving submillimeter scale resolution. However, the dynamic nature of droplet deposition introduces uncertainties, challenging consistent quality control. Current process monitoring, relying on image-based techniques, is slow and limited, hindering real-time feedback in erratic droplet ejection. In response to these challenges, we present the zero-dimensional ultrafast sensing (0-DUS) system, a novel, cost-effective, in situ monitoring tool designed to assess the quality of drop-on-demand inkjet printing. The 0-DUS system leverages the sensitivity of the light-beam field interference effect to rapidly and precisely detect and analyze localized droplets. Two core technical advancements drive this innovation: first, the exploration of integral sensing of the computational light-beam field, which allows for efficient extraction of temporal and spatial information about droplet evolution, introducing a novel in situ sensing modality; second, the establishment of a robust mapping mechanism that aligns sensor data with image-based data, facilitating accurate estimation of droplet characteristics. We successfully implemented the 0-DUS system within a commercial inkjet printer and conducted a comparative analysis with ground truth data. Our experimental results demonstrate a detection accuracy exceeding 95%, even at elevated speeds, allowing for an impressive in situ certification throughput of up to 500 Hz. Consequently, our proposed 0-DUS system meets the stringent quality assurance requirements, thereby expanding the potential applications of inkjet printing across a wide spectrum of industrial sectors.
Computational Design of Additively Manufactured Curvilinear Scaffolds for Bone Repair With Analytical Sensitivities
Authors: Cohen David O. , Aboutaleb Sohaila M. G. , Wagoner Johnson Amy , Norato Julian A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This work introduces a computational method for designing ceramic scaffolds fabricated via direct ink writing (DIW) for maximum bone growth, whereby the deposited rods are curvilinear. A mechanobiological model of bone adaptation is used to compute bone growth into the scaffold, taking into account the shape of the defect, the applied loading, and the density distribution of bone in which the scaffold is implanted. The method ensures that smooth, continuously varying rod contours are produced, which are ideal for the DIW process. The method uses level sets of radial basis functions to fully define the scaffold geometry with a small number of design variables, minimizing the optimization’s computational cost. Effective elastic properties of the scaffold as a function of the scaffold design and the bone density are obtained from previously constructed surrogates. These property surrogates are in turn used to perform bone adaptation simulations of the scaffold-bone system. Design sensitivities of the bone growth within the scaffold are computed using the direct sensitivity method. A demonstration of the methodology on a scaffold implanted in a pig mandible is presented. The scaffold is optimized to maximize bone ingrowth with geometric constraints to conform to the manufacturing process.
NURBS-OT: An Advanced Model for Generative Curve Modeling
Authors: Yang Shaoliang , Wang Jun , Wang Kang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper presents NURBS-OT (non-uniform rational B-splines—optimal transport), a new approach in the field of computer graphics and computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) for modeling complex free-form designs like aerodynamic and hydrodynamic structures, traditionally shaped by parametric curves such as Bézier, B-spline, and NURBS. Unlike prior models that used generative adversarial networks (GANs) involving large and complex parameter sets, our approach leverages a much lighter (0.37M versus 5.05M of BézierGAN), theoretically robust method by blending optimal transport with NURBS. This integration facilitates a more efficient generation of curvilinear designs. The efficacy of NURBS-OT has been validated through extensive testing on the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) airfoil and superformula datasets, where it showed enhanced performance on various metrics. This demonstrates its ability to produce precise, realistic, and esthetically coherent designs, marking a significant advancement by merging classical geometrical techniques with modern deep learning.
Phenomenological Muscle Constitutive Model With Actin–Titin Binding for Simulating Active Stretching
Authors: Sampaio de Oliveira Manuel Lucas , Uchida Thomas K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The force produced by a muscle depends on its contractile history, yet human movement simulations typically employ muscle models that define the force–length relationship from measurements of fiber force during isometric contractions. In these muscle models, the total force–length curve can have a negative slope at fiber lengths greater than the fiber length at which peak isometric force is produced. This region of negative stiffness can cause numerical instability in simulations. Experiments have found that the steady-state force in a muscle fiber following active stretching is greater than the force produced during a purely isometric contraction. This behavior is called residual force enhancement. We present a constitutive model that exhibits force enhancement, implemented as a hyperelastic material in the febio finite element software. There is no consensus on the mechanisms responsible for force enhancement; we adopt the assumption that the passive fiber force depends on the sarcomere length at the instant that the muscle is activated above a threshold. We demonstrate the numerical stability of our model using an eigenvalue analysis and by simulating a muscle whose fibers are of different lengths. We then use a three-dimensional muscle geometry to verify the effect of force enhancement on the development of stress and the distribution of fiber lengths. Our proposed muscle material model is one of the few models available that exhibits force enhancement and is suitable for simulations of active lengthening. We provide our implementation in febio so that others can reproduce and extend our results.
A cGAS-mediated type I interferon response in human CD4+ T cells depends on productive infection and is conserved over HIV types and strains
Authors: Janevska Marija , Cammaert Timothy , Naessens Evelien , Verhasselt Bruno 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2 is known to be less pathogenic than HIV-1, possibly due to more effective immune control mechanisms. The mechanism of innate sensing of HIV-2 by T cells is at present unclear. In this study, we show that several primary isolates of HIV-2 (CBL20 and CI85) and HIV-1 (A8 and D2), similar to the molecular clone HIV-1 NL4.3-GFP-I, induce a significant type I interferon response in its main target, activated CD4+ T cells. However, they are unable to do so after shRNA-mediated knock-down of cGAS. In addition, both HIV-1- and HIV-2-induced type I interferon response in CD4+ T cells was dependent on productive infection and integration, as the presence of RT or integrase inhibitor dramatically suppressed the sensing. Our findings collectively showed that the cGAS-dependent type I interferon response of CD4+ T cells to HIV infection is conserved over HIV types and critically depends on productive infection.

IMPORTANCE
By unveiling the role of cGAS in sensing Human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) across CD4+ T cells and highlighting its broader relevance that might be mirrored in other cell types, our research provides insights into the uniform mechanism of innate immune activation by different HIV isolates. By demonstrating the necessity of productive infection, we highlight the robust and specific nature of the observed cGAS-mediated innate response, dispelling concerns about contaminating plasmids triggering an immune response. Our preliminary data suggest that the lower pathogenicity of HIV-2 may not be directly correlated to superior innate immune control mediated by cGAS.
Effect of concentration, temperature, and time on the stability of hepatitis C virus nucleic acid in serum
Authors: Wang Ya-pei , Yang Shu-wen , Jia Fan , Wang Wei , Xu Xue , Wang Yi-xuan , Bi Jing-feng , Li Bo-an 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

To explore the influence of storage temperature and time on the stability of different concentrations of hepatitis C virus nucleic acid (HCV RNA) samples and to provide data reference for laboratory quality control. Serum samples of 10 patients with HCV RNA detection quantitation of 10
6
–10
8
IU/mL were collected. The samples of each patient were diluted into three concentrations: high, medium, and low. Then the samples of each concentration were divided into 21, which were divided into three groups according to the storage conditions of −20°C, 4°C, and 25°C, with seven samples in each group. The samples were selected from each group for quantitative detection of HCV RNA on day 0, day 1, day 3, day 5, day 7, day 14, and day 30. The results of each concentration and storage temperature sample remained stable within 5 days. Based on the mixed-effect linear model, the main effects of temperature, time, and concentration were statistically significant (
P
< 0.01). There was an interaction effect between concentration and time (
P
= 0.0448), and there was also an interaction effect between temperature and time (
P
< 0.01). There was no interaction effect between concentration and temperature (
P
= 0.11) or between concentration, temperature, and time (
P
= 0.90). The results of serum samples with different concentrations of the HCV RNA remained stable within 5 days. The lower the initial concentration of HCV RNA serum sample, the worse the stability; the higher the storage temperature, the worse the stability. If conditions permit, the laboratory should store such samples at −20°C.

IMPORTANCE
Previously, there were few reports about the influence of different concentrations of sample nucleic acid on the stability of samples at various temperatures and times in various literatures. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the influence of concentration factors on the stability of samples and test results at different storage times and temperatures. This study took the concentration of hepatitis C virus nucleic acid as the research object to further understand the stability of hepatitis C virus nucleic acid test samples under various storage conditions, to provide data reference for the treatment of hepatitis C virus nucleic acid and RNA test samples before clinical laboratory test, and provide guidance and help for the improvement of laboratory quality control.
Radiometric dating (40Ar/39Ar and 14C), compositions, and erupted volumes of volcanoes of the Valle de Santiago area (Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, Mexico)
Authors: Rangel-Granados Elizabeth , Siebe Claus , Suárez-Jiménez Juan Enrique , Schliz-Antequera Mélida Pilar , Reyes-Guzmán Nanci , Guilbaud Marie-Noëlle , Salinas Sergio , Miggins Daniel Paul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Valle de Santiago (VS) area is located in the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field (MGVF), within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). By geological mapping of an ~2800 km2 quadrangle, 40Ar/39Ar and radiocarbon dating, morphometry, and whole-rock chemical and petrographic analyses of the volcanic products, we established the stratigraphy and eruptive history of the VS area. A total of 118 volcanic landforms was identified, including 61 scoria/spatter cones, 21 phreatomagmatic volcanoes, 20 medium-sized shield volcanoes, eight lava domes, and eight fissure-fed lava flows and plateaus. Volcanic activity in the VS area began ca. 8 Ma, persisting until the late Pleistocene, ca. 11 ka. During the Miocene to middle Pleistocene, volcanism was distributed throughout the VS area, and was predominantly effusive, giving rise to voluminous medium-sized shield volcanoes (15–47 km3). In the late Pleistocene, phreatomagmatic eruptions dominated the western sector of VS along an NNW-SSE–oriented strip. This phreatomagmatism was facilitated by fractured aquifers on the slopes of shield volcanoes (basaltic trachyandesitic and basaltic andesitic lava flows) and the humid climatic conditions that existed during the late Pleistocene, which guaranteed water-saturated conditions. Erupted products are mainly basaltic andesites/basaltic trachyandesites and andesites, and lesser basalts/trachybasalts, trachyandesites, and rhyolites. Their chemical affinity also shifted over time, transitioning from solely sub-alkaline to sub-alkaline and alkaline by the late Pleistocene. The VS area holds one of the largest phreatomagmatic clusters in the TMVB, offering an excellent opportunity to study the conditions favoring phreatomagmatism and providing records of intense volcanic activity during the Plio-Pleistocene in the MGVF.
Dark matter phenomenology in 2HDMS in light of the 95 GeV excess
Authors: Dutta Juhi , Lahiri Jayita , Li Cheng , Moortgat-Pick Gudrid , Farah Tabira Sheikh , Ziegler Julia Anabell 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Two Higgs Doublet model extended with a complex scalar singlet (2HDMS) is a well-motivated Beyond Standard Model candidate addressing several open problems of nature. In this work, we focus on the dark matter (DM) phenomenology of the complex scalar singlet where the real part of the complex scalar obtains a vacuum expectation value. The model is characterized by an enlarged Higgs spectrum comprising six physical Higgs bosons and a pseudoscalar DM candidate. We address the impact of accommodating the 95 GeV excess on the 2HDMS parameter space and DM observables after including all theoretical and experimental constraints. Finally, we look into the prospects of this scenario at HL-LHC and future lepton colliders for a representative benchmark.