bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brazilian fossils reveal homoplasy in the oldest mammalian jaw joint
Authors: Rawson James R. G. , Martinelli Agustín G. , Gill Pamela G. , Soares Marina B. , Schultz Cesar L. , Rayfield Emily J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe acquisition of the load-bearing dentary–squamosal jaw joint was a key step in mammalian evolution1–5. Although this innovation has received decades of study, questions remain over when and how frequently a mammalian-like skull–jaw contact evolved, hindered by a paucity of three-dimensional data spanning the non-mammaliaform cynodont–mammaliaform transition. New discoveries of derived non-mammaliaform probainognathian cynodonts from South America have much to offer to this discussion. Here, to address this issue, we used micro-computed-tomography scanning to reconstruct the jaw joint anatomy of three key probainognathian cynodonts: Brasilodon quadrangularis, the sister taxon to Mammaliaformes6–8, the tritheledontid-related Riograndia guaibensis9 and the tritylodontid Oligokyphus major. We find homoplastic evolution in the jaw joint in the approach to mammaliaforms, with ictidosaurs (Riograndia plus tritheledontids) independently evolving a dentary–squamosal contact approximately 17 million years before this character first appears in mammaliaforms of the Late Triassic period10–12. Brasilodon, contrary to previous descriptions6–8, lacks an incipient dentary condyle and squamosal glenoid and the jaws articulate solely using a plesiomorphic quadrate–articular joint. We postulate that the jaw joint underwent marked evolutionary changes in probainognathian cynodonts. Some probainognathian clades independently acquired ‘double’ craniomandibular contacts, with mammaliaforms attaining a fully independent dentary–squamosal articulation with a conspicuous dentary condyle and squamosal glenoid in the Late Triassic. The dentary–squamosal contact, which is traditionally considered to be a typical mammalian feature, therefore evolved more than once and is more evolutionary labile than previously considered.
Integration of variant annotations using deep set networks boosts rare variant association testing
Authors: Clarke Brian , Holtkamp Eva , Öztürk Hakime , Mück Marcel , Wahlberg Magnus , Meyer Kayla , Munzlinger Felix , Brechtmann Felix , Hölzlwimmer Florian R. , Lindner Jonas , Chen Zhifen , Gagneur Julien , Stegle Oliver 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRare genetic variants can have strong effects on phenotypes, yet accounting for rare variants in genetic analyses is statistically challenging due to the limited number of allele carriers and the burden of multiple testing. While rich variant annotations promise to enable well-powered rare variant association tests, methods integrating variant annotations in a data-driven manner are lacking. Here we propose deep rare variant association testing (DeepRVAT), a model based on set neural networks that learns a trait-agnostic gene impairment score from rare variant annotations and phenotypes, enabling both gene discovery and trait prediction. On 34 quantitative and 63 binary traits, using whole-exome-sequencing data from UK Biobank, we find that DeepRVAT yields substantial gains in gene discoveries and improved detection of individuals at high genetic risk. Finally, we demonstrate how DeepRVAT enables calibrated and computationally efficient rare variant tests at biobank scale, aiding the discovery of genetic risk factors for human disease traits.
The origin and implications of primordial helium depletion in the Afar mantle plume
Authors: Balci Ugur , Stuart Finlay M. , Barrat Jean-Alix , Grima Antoniette G. , van der Zwan Froukje M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMantle plumes are responsible for the Earth’s largest volcanic provinces. In the prevailing paradigm, the deep mantle is less degassed than convecting shallow mantle, implying that plume-derived lavas have higher concentrations of primordial volatiles such as helium (He). Demonstrating this has led to explanations that question the established Earth model. Here, we show that the 3He/4He of basalts from the Red Sea display coherent relationships with trace elements, allowing the helium concentration of the Afar plume to be calculated. Contrary to the prevailing model it appears the helium concentration of the Afar plume is 10-25% of the upper mantle. This contradiction is resolved if the plume material itself is a mixture of helium-rich high-3He/4He deep mantle with helium-depleted low-3He/4He recently subducted oceanic crust. This implies that helium-depleted domains may exist in convecting mantle and that moderately high 3He/4He plumes likely do not contain a notable contribution of the deep mantle.
Egalitarian preferences in young children depend on the genders of the interacting partners
Authors: van Wingerden Marijn , Oberließen Lina , Kalenscher Tobias 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn decisions between equal and unequal resource distributions, women are often believed to be more prosocial than men. Previous research showed that fairness attitudes develop in childhood, but their—possibly gendered, developmental trajectory remains unclear. We hypothesised that gender-related fairness attitudes might depend not only on the gender of the Allocator, but also on that of the Recipient. To examine this, we tested 332 three to 8-year-old children in a paired resource allocation task, with both boys and girls acting as Allocators and Recipients. We indeed found gender-related effects: girls more than boys aimed to reduce advantageous inequity, and Allocators of both genders were more averse against male Recipients being better off. Notably, older girls exhibited an envy bias, i.e., they tolerated disadvantageous inequity more when the resource allocation was in favour of other girls than when it favoured boys. We also observed a gender-related spite gap in boys aged 7-8: unlike girls, boys treated other boys with spite, i.e., they valued unfair distributions in their own favour over equal outcomes, especially if rejecting advantageous inequity was costly. This pattern hints at contextualised gender-related fairness preferences that evolve with age that could depend on same- and cross-gender past interaction experiences.
m6A mRNA methylation by METTL14 regulates early pancreatic cell differentiation
Authors: Kahraman Sevim , De Jesus Dario F , Wei Jiangbo , Brown Natalie K , Zou Zhongyu , Hu Jiang , Pirouz Mehdi , Gregory Richard I , He Chuan , Kulkarni Rohit N 
Published: September 2024

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant chemical modification in mRNA and plays important roles in human and mouse embryonic stem cell pluripotency, maintenance, and differentiation. We have recently reported that m6A is involved in the postnatal control of β-cell function in physiological states and in type 1 and 2 diabetes. However, the precise mechanisms by which m6A acts to regulate the development of human and mouse pancreas are unexplored. Here, we show that the m6A landscape is dynamic during human pancreas development, and that METTL14, one of the m6A writer complex proteins, is essential for the early differentiation of both human and mouse pancreatic cells.
miRNA-mediated gene silencing in Drosophila larval development involves GW182-dependent and independent mechanisms
Authors: Matsuura-Suzuki Eriko , Kiyokawa Kaori , Iwasaki Shintaro , Tomari Yukihide 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate a wide variety of biological processes by silencing their target genes. Argonaute (AGO) proteins load miRNAs to form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which mediates translational repression and/or mRNA decay of the targets. A scaffold protein called GW182 directly binds AGO and the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex, initiating the mRNA decay reaction. Although previous studies have demonstrated the critical role of GW182 in cultured cells as well as in cell-free systems, its biological significance in living organisms remains poorly explored, especially in Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we generated gw182-null flies using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that, unexpectedly, they can survive until an early second-instar larval stage. Moreover, in vivo miRNA reporters can be effectively repressed in gw182-null first-instar larvae. Nevertheless, gw182-null flies have defects in the expression of chitin-related genes and the formation of the larval trachea system, preventing them from completing larval development. Our results highlight the importance of both GW182-dependent and -independent silencing mechanisms in vivo.
Kinesin-1 mediates proper ER folding of the CaV1.2 channel and maintains mouse glucose homeostasis
Authors: Tanaka Yosuke , Farkhondeh Atena , Yang Wenxing , Ueno Hitoshi , Noda Mitsuhiko , Hirokawa Nobutaka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic beta cells is a principal mechanism for systemic glucose homeostasis, of which regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. Here we show that kinesin molecular motor KIF5B is essential for GSIS through maintaining the voltage-gated calcium channel CaV1.2 levels, by facilitating an Hsp70-to-Hsp90 chaperone exchange to pass through the quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Phenotypic analyses of KIF5B conditional knockout (cKO) mouse beta cells revealed significant abolishment of glucose-stimulated calcium transients, which altered the behaviors of insulin granules via abnormally stabilized cortical F-actin. KIF5B and Hsp90 colocalize to microdroplets on ER sheets, where CaV1.2 but not Kir6.2 is accumulated. In the absence of KIF5B, CaV1.2 fails to be transferred from Hsp70 to Hsp90 via STIP1, and is likely degraded via the proteasomal pathway. KIF5B and Hsc70 overexpression increased CaV1.2 expression via enhancing its chaperone binding. Thus, ER sheets may serve as the place of KIF5B- and Hsp90-dependent chaperone exchange, which predominantly facilitates CaV1.2 production in beta cells and properly enterprises GSIS against diabetes.
Two distinct regulatory pathways govern Cct2-Atg8 binding in the process of solid aggrephagy
Authors: Chen Yuting , Liu Zhaojie , Zhang Yi , Ye Miao , Chen Yingcong , Gao Jianhua , Song Juan , Yang Huan , Wu Choufei , Yao Weijing , Bai Xue , Fan Mingzhu , Feng Shan , Wang Yigang , Zhang Liqin , Ge Liang , Feng Du , Yi Cong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCCT2 serves as an aggrephagy receptor that plays a crucial role in the clearance of solid aggregates, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms by which CCT2 regulates solid aggrephagy are not fully understood. Here we report that the binding of Cct2 to Atg8 is governed by two distinct regulatory mechanisms: Atg1-mediated Cct2 phosphorylation and the interaction between Cct2 and Atg11. Atg1 phosphorylates Cct2 at Ser412 and Ser470, and disruption of these phosphorylation sites impairs solid aggrephagy by hindering Cct2-Atg8 binding. Additionally, we observe that Atg11, an adaptor protein involved in selective autophagy, directly associates with Cct2 through its CC4 domain. Deficiency in this interaction significantly weakens the association of Cct2 with Atg8. The requirement of Atg1-mediated Cct2 phosphorylation and of Atg11 for CCT2-LC3C binding and subsequent aggrephagy is conserved in mammalian cells. These findings provide insights into the crucial roles of Atg1-mediated Cct2 phosphorylation and Atg11-Cct2 binding as key mediators governing the interaction between Cct2 and Atg8 during the process of solid aggrephagy.
Moving Beyond Rapport: The Importance of Active Facilitation of Therapeutic Alliance in Adult Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation
Authors: Sohlberg McKay Moore , O'Neil-Pirozzi Therese M. , Ness Bryan , Meulenbroek Peter , Byom Lindsey , Lemoncello Rik 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Therapeutic alliance (TA) is critical to rehabilitation outcomes for adults with acquired brain injuries (ABIs). The purpose of this viewpoint article is to review factors that contribute to TA and to suggest ways speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can integrate these factors into their ABI rehabilitation practice.

Method:
We evaluated literature describing client and clinician factors shown to affect—or not affect—TA in ABI rehabilitation and mapped findings onto suggested practices that SLPs may use to actively promote TA with their clients. Informed by our findings and TA frameworks, we integrated findings into a novel clinician self-reflection tool: the Therapeutic Alliance Reflection Checklist.

Conclusions:
TA is a key ingredient in ABI rehabilitation. We contend that SLPs can, and should, actively facilitate TA with clients; the self-reflection checklist can assist. We advocate for continued TA research and improved measurement across rehabilitation settings. We further contend that training in active TA-promoting skills is a critical component of speech-language pathology education.
Path planning algorithm design using particle swarms optimization and artificial potential fields
Authors: Mishra Bhavyansh , Sevil Hakki Erhan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOne of the most important challenges in an autonomous and robotics system is the path planning in which the system finds the optimal path from start point to goal point. The traditional path planning algorithms may have large memory requirements which scale with the size and resolution of the configuration space. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a novel path planning algorithm that combines Particle Swarm Optimization and Artificial Potential Field in the form of a path planning algorithm for mobile robots. The biological and physical concepts from Particle Swarm Optimization and Artificial Potential Field algorithms are combined to yield an algorithm which minimizes instances of getting stuck in local minima and generates a smooth but feasible path. The developed method requires memory which scales only with the number of particles and the time taken to reach the goal. This results in a memory‐efficient solution that generates smooth and feasible paths for mobile robots navigating in a 2D space.
Effect of accelerator on properties of epoxy resin re‐prepared from alcoholysis recycling
Authors: Zhao Xin , Li Wendong , Yang Xiong , Li Wenrui , Zou Fangzheng , Guo Wang , Zhang Guanjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlcoholysis has emerged as a crucial method for the degradation of anhydride‐cured epoxy resin, and the degraded epoxy resin (DER) can be reused to prepare a new resin. Accelerator is commonly employed in the preparation of epoxy resin to expedite the curing process. However, the effect of accelerator content on the re‐prepared resin's performance has remained unexplored. Hence, DER is used to replace part bisphenol A diglycidyl ether to prepare new resins with varying accelerator contents, and the comprehensive properties of new resins are investigated. The results demonstrate that the accelerator‐free re‐prepared resin exhibits a performance that is comparable to that of the original resin. After accelerator is added during the preparation of new resins, the curing temperature of the reconstituted resin shows a decrease, and two peaks appear during the curing exothermic process. Besides, as the accelerator content increases, the insulation performance initially improves and then deteriorates, while the mechanical and thermal properties continue to decline. Through characterisation and chemical simulation analysis, it is believed that excessive accelerators are detrimental to the cross‐linking reaction of DER. Therefore, the accelerator content in the new epoxy resin should not be high.
Introducing deep trap states for high dielectric strength of aramid‐based composite films
Authors: Zhang Wenqi , Wang Qibin , Shen Guangyi , Fan Sidi , Fan Xiaozhou , Yang Rui , Liu Yunpeng , Yu Xiang , Lv Fangcheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAramid nanofiber (ANF)‐based composites have drawn tremendous interest in high‐voltage electrical systems due to their superior insulation strength, thermal stability, and mechanical endurance. However, the filler agglomeration and interface compatibility have retarded further improvement of the dielectric performance. Herein, the nano‐titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles treated by aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) serve as the inorganic fillers, which are doped in the ANF to prepare the composite nano‐paper via the blade coating method. The electrostatic interaction between the ANF and fillers highly promotes their uniform distribution. Compared to the pure ANF paper, the composite paper has a denser structure with reduced pores and defects, which significantly improves its dielectric performance with inhibited partial discharge development. At a filler loading of 3 wt% (mass fraction), the breakdown strength is increased by 70.5% to a maximum value of 358.1 kV/mm, while the bulk conductivity is minimised to 5.2 × 10−17 S/m, representing an 88.1% decrease. By analysing the energy band structure of each component, energy barriers at the interface for electrons (1.48 eV) and holes (0.40 eV) are determined. These values indicate deepened trap energy levels, which greatly strengthen the carrier trapping effect for improved dielectric performance.
A modality separation approach for facial sketch synthesis
Authors: Du Kangning , Wang Chaoyi , Cao Lin , Guo Yanan , Sun Wenwen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe technology for face‐to‐sketch synthesis transforms optical face images into a sketch‐style format. However, traditional style losses are insufficient to discern the modal differences between optical and sketch domain images, leading to unclear images. At the same time, generated images lack clarity due to traditional approaches' disregard for high‐frequency texture. To address these issues, a modality separation approach for facial sketch synthesis is proposed. First, a modality separation structure is proposed, using a quicksort algorithm to merge features of optical and sketch images as target modality (positive samples), ensuring the generated images' feature distribution matches real sketches. By controlling the Euclidean distance between generated images (anchors) and both target and filtered modality (positive and negative samples), irrelevant information is effectively filtered out. Next, an edge‐promoting module feeds processed blurry sketch images into the discriminator to enhance robustness. Lastly, a detail optimization module uses Laplacian filtering to extract high‐frequency texture from optical face images for local enhancement. Experimental validation on CUHK, AR, and XM2VTS datasets shows that this method outperforms mainstream sketch face synthesis methods in terms of Fréchet inception distance and learned perceptual image patch similarity, producing more realistic and natural images with richer texture details.
Pulse frequency variations and timing noise of MXB 0656–072 during the 2007–2008 type I outbursts and implications for its magnetic field
Authors: Serim M. M. , Serim D. , Dönmez Ç. K. , Tuo Y. , Ducci L. , Baykal A. , Santangelo A. 
Published: September 2024

Aims. We aim to explore the properties of the Be/X-ray binary system MXB 0656–072 from a timing analysis perspective through an investigation of the RXTE/PCA and Fermi/GBM data during its 2007–2008 type I outbursts.
Methods. We applied two new techniques, for the first time, along with the conventional Deeter method to produce higher-resolution power density spectra (PDS) of the torque fluctuations. We also investigated the spin frequency evolution of the source by utilising a pulse timing technique.
Results. The PDSs show a red noise pattern, with a steepness of Γ ∼ −2 and a saturation timescale of ∼150 d, indicating that MXB 0656–072 is a disc-fed source. With the obtained long term spin frequency evolution, we reveal the torque–luminosity correlation of MXB 0656–072 for the first time. We also demonstrate that the frequency evolution is largely consistent with the Ghosh–Lamb model. In the RXTE/PCA observations, the pulsed emission disappears below ∼5 × 1035 erg s−1, while the profiles remain stable above this value in our analysis time frame. We show that the magnetic field strength deduced from the torque model is compatible with the field strength of the pulsar derived from the cyclotron resonance scattering feature. Utilising the new distance of MXB 0656–072 measured by Gaia, we show that the spectral transition of MXB 0656–072 occurs at a luminosity that matches the expected theoretical transition from the subcritical to supercritical accretion regime.
Validität palpationsbasierter Messungen des Beckenschiefstands – eine
Sekundäranalyse
Authors: Brandl Andreas , Schmidt Tobias 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungZiel dieser Studie war es, die Validität palpationsbasierter Messungen der
Veränderungen des Beckenschiefstands nach einer osteopathischen Intervention zu
evaluieren. Gruppe 1 (n=12; aus einer Pilotstudie) wurde mittels
Kreuzlinienlaser (CLL) gemessen und Gruppe 2 (n=71; aus einer RCT) mittels des
Goldstandards der Video-Raster-Stereografie (VRS). Die CLL-Werte korrelierten
stark mit den VRS-Werten, r(10)=0,87 und zeigten sich zur Überwachung
von Behandlungseffekten geeignet.
Behandlung des männlichen chronischen Beckenschmerzsyndroms
(CBSS)
Authors: Switters Jacob Marten 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDas männliche chronische Beckenschmerzsyndrom stellt ein häufiges Syndrom dar, das
noziplastisch bedingt sein kann. Im Rahmen einer osteopathischen Behandlung erweist
sich der biopsychosoziale Struktur-Funktions-Ansatz von zentraler Bedeutung. In
diesem Fallbeispiel werden die konkrete Umsetzung und mögliche Therapieansätze
dargestellt. Die Behandlung führte zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung der
Schmerzen, der Miktionssymptomatik und der Lebensqualität.
Dexamethasone, Remdesivir and Azithromycin modulate ACE2 and IL-6 in Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ulrich-Merzenich Gudrun Sigrid , Shcherbakova Anastasiia , Pizarro Carmen , Skowasch Dirk 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background The optimal use of steroids in COVID-19 patients remains challenging. Current S3-guidelines “Recommendations for patients with COVID-19” recommend dexamethasone (DEX) for patients requiring respiratory support, remdesivir (RD) in the early disease phase and azythromycin (AZ) is no longer recommended. We investigated effects of DEX, RD and AZ in a lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation in lung cells in vitro and analyzed publicly available datasets with a focus on the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to better understand drugs’ mechanisms of action.
Methods human bronchial (Calu) and alveolar (A549) lung epithelial cells were treated with DEX, AZ or RDV in the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Gene expression (GE) of ACE2, IL-6 and the IL-6 protein release were measured. Publicly available GE data from lung tissues of COVID-19 patients and from lung cells treated with DEX were analyzed for the GE of ACE2.
Results DEX increased and RDV and AZ reduced the GE of ACE2 in
LPS-stimulated bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. Only DEX significantly reduced
LPS-induced IL-6 releases in alveolar cells substantially. The database analyses showed an,
albeit not always significant, increase in ACE2 for lung tissue or cell lines treated with
DEX. Lung tissue from patients after COVID-19 infection as well as bronchial cell cultures
after COVID-19 infection showed lower GEs of ACE2.
Discussion and Conclusion DEX can increase ACE2 expression in vitro and thereby the portal of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into lung cells during an LPS induced inflammation. Simultaneously the inflammatory marker IL-6 is reduced. Comparative database analyses indicate that these processes can also take place in vivo.