bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the relationship between cognitive impairment and brain white matter tracts using diffusion tensor imaging in patients with prolactinoma
Authors: Duru Mustafa , Demir Ahmet Numan , Oz Ahmet , Kargin Osman Aykan , Altunc Ali Tarik , Demirel Oznur , Arslan Serdar , Kizilkilic Osman , Poyraz Burc Cagri , Kadioglu Pinar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Cognitive impairment is known to occur in patients with prolactinoma, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.

Objective
To evaluate cognitive function in patients with prolactinoma and to investigate the basis of possible cognitive impairment in brain white matter changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Methods
37 consecutive patients with prolactinoma and 37 healthy controls of similar age, sex, and education were enrolled in the study. Hormone levels were determined in all participants, comprehensive neuropsychological testing was performed, and DTI was used to reconstruct and evaluate white matter tracts.

Results
In patients with prolactinoma, short- and long-term visual and verbal memory, attention, concentration, and executive and language functions were impaired compared to the healthy group. When comparing the DTI results, lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values were found in the patients’ right uncinate fasciculus (R-UF), indicating neuronal damage. After applying the Bonferroni correction, the two groups had no significant difference in 42 tracts (p > 0.0012 for all). A positive correlation was found between poor FA scores on the R-UF and low scores on long-term memory, category and letter fluency tests. In addition, patients with hypoprolactinemia had the worst short-term memory scores, while normoprolactinemia had the best scores. Also, the poorer R-UF FA values were found in the patients with hypoprolactinemia and the highest in those with normoprolactinemia.

Conclusion
This study is the first to investigate reasons for cognitive dysfunction in patients with prolactinoma by DTI. No significant structural changes were found in brain tracts of patients with prolactinoma. Still, there may be a link between potential damage in the R-UF and cognitive dysfunction, and further research is needed. In addition, the results showed that the development of hypoprolactinemia is associated with cognitive dysfunction and emphasized that overtreatment should be avoided.
Seeded-growth synthesis of 20–60 nm monodisperse citrate-capped gold nanoparticles in a millifluidic reactor
Authors: Cornwell Mabel , Damilos Spyridon , Parkin Ivan P. , Gavriilidis Asterios 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGold nanoparticles have diverse applications, requiring advancements in their synthesis that facilitate scale up, size control and reproducibility. Using a seeded-growth method in a 20 mL two-phase flow reactor (ID 2.4 mm) at 35 °C, highly monodisperse gold nanoparticles of any chosen size from 20 to 60 nm were produced. Heptane was utilised as the segmenting fluid to transport the aqueous reagent-containing droplets through a coiled PTFE reactor preventing their interaction with the reactor walls and thus reactor fouling. Gold seeds ~ 12 nm were produced via a passivated Turkevich synthesis by reduction of high pH Au(III) solution using citric acid as reducing agent. For the seeded-growth in flow, the reagents utilised were the seed solution (diluted accordingly), a stabilising Tris base solution, tetrachloroauric(III) acid trihydrate and hydrogen peroxide as reducing agent. Seeded-growth synthesis was also performed using as seeds commercial 10 nm gold nanoparticles, with excellent Coefficient of Variation (CoV) and Optical Density (OD) of the grown particles (CoV < 8% and OD ≥ 1) demonstrating that they are monodisperse and have high concentration. The synthesis was able to produce 18 mL/h of grown nanoparticles solution at 2.2–2.8 mg Au/h without any divergence in the quality of the produced particles for over eight hours.
Glutamine Attenuates Inflammation and Stimulates Amniotic Cell Proliferation in Premature Rupture of Membranes-related in vitro Models
Authors: Xiang Xiang , Zhang Linshen , Li Su , Ren Yongwei , Chen Daozhen , Liu Lou 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Premature rupture of membranes (PROM), with a prevalence of 15.3% in China, frequently results in adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we aimed to identify amino acid metabolites that were differentially expressed in PROM versus healthy controls (HC) using targeted metabolomics and further explored their mechanisms of action with in vitro models.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to recruit 50 PROM and 50 HC cases for targeted metabolomics analysis. Twenty-three amino acid metabolites were quantified in the secretions of the posterior vaginal fornix of pregnant women between 31 and 36 weeks of gestation. Glutamine (0.0216 vs. 0.037 μg/mg, P = 0.003, AUC = 72.1%) was identified as the most differentially expressed amino acid metabolite between PROM and HC groups, and had a negative correlation with the abundance of Gardnerella (r=-0.3868, P = 0.0055), Megasphaera (r=-0.3130, P = 0.0269), and Prevotella (r=-0.2944, P = 0.0380), respectively.
In amniotic epithelial cell and macrophage co-culture model, Glutamine reduced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines expression and suppressed macrophage chemotaxis. In LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 inflammation model, Glutamine inhibited the expression of inflammatory proteins iNOS and COX-2, down-regulated mRNA transcription of TNF, IL-6, and IL-1β, and reduced the production of reactive oxygen species through inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway, and therefore demonstrated its anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, Glutamine protected amniotic epithelial cell from autophagy and stimulated its proliferation, therefore may intensify fetal membrane and prevent PROM in vivo.
Our results suggested that low Glutamine level in vaginal secretion can be used as an indicator for PROM, and local Glutamine supplementation is a potential intervention and prevention strategy for PROM.
c-Myc inhibition and p21 modulation contribute to unsymmetrical bisacridines-induced apoptosis and senescence in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Kurdyn Agnieszka , Pawłowska Monika , Paluszkiewicz Ewa , Cichorek Mirosława , Augustin Ewa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive cancers and is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. PC is characterized by rapid progression and resistance to conventional treatments. Mutations in KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53, SMAD4/DPC4, and MYC are major genetic alterations associated with poor treatment outcomes in patients with PC. Therefore, optimizing PC therapy is a tremendous challenge. Unsymmetrical bisacridines (UAs), synthesized by our group, are new promising compounds that have exhibited high cytotoxicity and antitumor activity against several solid tumors, including pancreatic cancer.

Methods
The cellular effects induced by UAs in PC cells were evaluated by MTT assay (cell growth inhibition), flow cytometry, and fluorescence and light microscopy (cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and senescence detection). Analysis of the effects of UAs on the levels of proteins (c-Myc, p53, SMAD4, p21, and p16) was performed by Western blotting.

Results
Apoptosis was the main triggered mechanism of death after UAs treatment, and induction of the SMAD4 protein can facilitate this process. c-Myc, which is one of the molecular targets of UAs, can participate in the induction of cell death in a p53-independent manner. Moreover, UAs can also induce accelerated senescence through the upregulation of p21. Notably, senescent cells can die via apoptosis after prolonged exposure to UAs.

Conclusions
UAs have emerged as potent anticancer agents that induce apoptosis by inhibiting c-Myc protein and triggering cellular senescence in a dose-dependent manner by increasing p21 levels. Thus, UAs exhibit desirable features as promising candidates for future pancreatic anticancer therapies.
Digital Sovereignty, the Private Sector, and a Social Republican Alternative
Authors: Hoeksema Bernd 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The European Union has stated the ambition to regain control over the digital sphere, which academics have construed as both a push for digital sovereignty and as a form of digital constitutionalism. The strategy promises to be an improvement over the previous period of digital liberalism. I suggest, however, from a republican perspective, that this strategy of digital sovereignty is not sufficiently critical of the reliance on the private sector. A dominant private sector comes with a risk of widespread infrastructural dependency and yields too much of the digital sphere to a way of thinking that is shaped in accordance with silicon valley companies. On a republican account, these are arguably forms of structural domination. To prevent these risks from materialising, the European strategy should instead emphasize the role of alternative ownership models, such as those found in the digital commons and in public service media organisations.
The Experience of Multistakeholder Dialogue in the Process of Elaboration of the National Action Plan on Business and Human Rights in Peru
Authors: Fiestas Federico Chunga 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMultiple independent studies have highlighted the remarkable process of multistakeholder dialogue in the development of Peru’s first National Action Plan (NAP) on business and human rights. While facing several challenges, not least a global pandemic, the process was indeed a success in so far as it opened up a new path for policy making in Peru: that of multistakeholder dialogue including actors who traditionally deeply mistrust each other. This piece describes the key enabling conditions and operational strengths that allowed for such a highly participatory process and, ultimately, resulted in some strong commitments on business and human rights.
The Emergence of Principles and Best Practices on Digital Assets: Proprietary Rights, and Enforcement
Authors: Rodríguez de las Heras Ballell Teresa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Digital assets have burst onto global markets as a new class of assets for investment, trade and finance. Their growing popularity and economic relevance have been, however, accompanied by legal uncertainties and regulatory concerns. Together with domestic and regional responses, a strong case for international harmonisation is to be made. This Paper explores the emergence of principles and best practices on proprietary rights, insolvency and enforcement as a crucial process of international legal harmonisation of rules for digital assets.
To Dog-Whistle or to Bark? Elite Communication Strategies When Invoking Conspiracy Theories
Authors: Blackington Courtney , Cayton Frances 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
When do politicians dog-whistle conspiracy theories (CTs), and when do they explicitly endorse – or ‘bark’ – a CT? Over time, does the use of dog-whistles shape the degree to which politicians bark? Drawing from the models of mass communication literature, we theorize that politicians who leverage CTs to garner political support have incentives to tailor their communication to their audience. When politicians speak to general audiences, they risk being punished for explicitly endorsing CTs. However, for parties that use CTs to rally their base, dog-whistling a CT may allow politicians to covertly signal support for a CT to party faithful. Conversely, amongst audiences primarily composed of party loyalists or CT believers, politicians have strong incentives to explicitly endorse CTs. We test our theory with data from Poland, where a series of CTs emerged following a 2010 plane crash in Smoleńsk, Russia that killed the Polish president and 95 other top officials. We draw on speeches and tweets discussing the crash from 2011 to 2022 by the Law and Justice (PiS) party, which sometimes endorses these CTs. We find descriptive evidence that PiS politicians both dog-whistle and ‘bark’. While they tend to dog-whistle more when the audience is more diverse, they tend to bark when the audience is more uniformly CT-supporting. We find some evidence that politicians bark more and dog-whistle less over time, which suggests that, with sustained use, dog-whistling may become understood by a wider array of audiences.
Wine prices and weather: Are cult wines different?
Authors: Okhunjanov Botir , McCluskey Jill J. , Mittelhammer Ron C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, we examine how weather variables affect markets for U.S. high-end wines, both luxury wines and wines from the same region that are still high-end but not in the very limited highest category. Specifically, we compare so-called “cult wines” with “non-cult wines” from the same subregions that are known for their high-quality wines. We investigate associations between weather conditions and prices, price gaps (the difference between the secondary market price and release price), the number of cases produced, and wine scores assigned for both cult and non-cult wines. We further examine whether associations with weather differ across wine regions. Implementing a fixed-effects methodology, cult and non-cult wines from three U.S. regions were studied: both Napa and Sonoma in California, and Walla Walla on the border of Washington State and Oregon. Overall, the analysis suggests that weather is associated with various characteristics of wine markets, including prices, price gaps for cult wines, wine scores, and cases produced. The nature of the associations depends on the type of wine (cult or non-cult, red or white) and timing of weather conditions throughout the year and growing region.
Indigenous and Black Autonomies and Resistance
Authors: Stahler-Sholk Richard 
Published: October 2024

This essay reviews the following works:Indigenous Struggles for Autonomy: The Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua. Edited by Luciano Baracco. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2018. Pp. vi + 239. $105.00 hardcover, $99.50 e-book. ISBN: 9781498558815.Aprendizajes del movimiento zapatista: De la insurgencia armada a la autonomía popular. By Lia Pinheiro Barbosa and Peter Michael Rosset. Buenos Aires: CLACSO (Colección En Movimiento); San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico: El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), 2023. Pp. 152. Paperback, digital. ISBN: 9789878135694.Colonialismo, comunidad, y capital: Pensar el despojo, pensar América Latina. Edited by Santiago Bastos Amigo and Edgars Martínez Navarrete. Quito: Religación Press, 2023. Pp. 419. paperback, digital. ISBN: 9789942708007.Oaxaca Resurgent: Indigeneity, Development, and Inequality in Twentieth-Century Mexico. By A. S. Dillingham. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press, 2021. Pp. xiv + 254. $30.00 paperback, $90.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781503627840.Autonomías y autogobierno en la América diversa. Edited by Miguel González, Araceli Burguete Cal y Mayor, José Marimán, Pablo Ortiz-T., and Ritsuko Funako. Quito: Editorial Universitaria Abya-Yala, 2021. Pp. 692. Paperback, digital. ISBN: 9789978105504.Black and Indigenous Resistance in the Americas: From Multiculturalism to Racist Backlash. By Juliet Hooker. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2020. Pp. x + 330. $42.99 paperback; $121.00 hardcover; $40.50 e-book. ISBN: 9781793615527.Pensar las autonomías: Experiencias de autogestión, poder popular y autonomía. Edited by Alicia Hopkins and César Enrique Pineda. Mexico City: Bajo Tierra, 2021. Pp. 458. Paperback, digital. ISBN: 9786079675172.
The dawn is quiet here: Rise in [
$\alpha$
/Fe] is a signature of massive gas accretion that fueled the proto-Milky Way
Authors: Chen Boquan , Ting Yuan-Sen , Hayden Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The proto-Milky Way epoch forms the earliest stars in our galaxy and sets the initial conditions for the subsequent disk formation. Recent observations showed that the [

$\alpha$

/Fe] ratio among in situ metal-poor stars declined between [Fe/H]

$=-3$

and

$-1.3$

until it reached the lowest value (

$\sim$

0.25) and rose to the traditional value associated with the high-[

$\alpha$

/Fe] thick disk (

$\sim$

0.3) at [Fe/H]

$\approx$

-1.0. It was suggested that the rise in [

$\alpha$

/Fe] could be caused by an increase in the star formation efficiency (SFE), known as the ‘simmering’ phase scenario. However, gas inflow also plays a vital role in shaping the star formation history and chemical evolution of galaxies, especially during the earliest epoch of the universe. We investigate this unexpected [

$\alpha$

/Fe]-rise with an experiment involving a galactic chemical evolution model. Our model has five free parameters: the mass of the initial reservoir of the cold interstellar medium (ISM) at birth, the frequency of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), the cooling timescale of the warm ISM, the SFE, and the inflow rate of fresh gas. The last two free parameters were allowed to change after [

$\alpha$

/Fe] reached its lowest value, dividing the proto-Galaxy epoch into two phases. The models that reproduced the observed [Fe/H]-[

$\alpha$

/Fe]-track provided estimates for these fundamental parameters of the proto-Milky Way. We find that the rise in [

$\alpha$

/Fe] could also be caused by a large inflow of high-[

$\alpha$

/Fe] gas and conclude that the [

$\alpha$

/Fe]-rise could be a signature of the gas accretion that fuelled the formation of the Milky Way disk.
Contrasting paired benthic and planktonic foraminifera radiocarbon ages from Bermuda Rise ODP Site 1063 during Heinrich Stadials 1 and 2
Authors: Lippold Jörg , Fohlmeister Jens , Wacker Lukas , Kucera Michal , Kromer Bernd , Grützner Jens 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe report 27 planktonic and 21 benthic radiocarbon ages from the subtropical marine sediment core ODP Site 1063 (Bermuda Rise) for the time range between 30 and 14 ka before present. Despite low abundances of benthic specimens, it was possible to measure radiocarbon ages down to ∼10 µg carbon using a MICADAS and the gas ion source developed at ETH Zurich. Based on a tentative radiocarbon–independent age-model we found that the radiocarbon reservoir of the bottom water varied moderately relative to the analytical and age-model related uncertainties throughout the examined time-period, but larger differences in the radiocarbon reservoir appear to have affected the upper ocean layer. In particular, radiocarbon levels around Heinrich Stadial 2 reveal surface radiocarbon content similar to that of the atmosphere, while during Heinrich Stadial 1 surface waters were significantly depleted in 14C.
Assessing the Intersectional Impact of Domestic Migration Law: Reacting to State-Created Categories and Vulnerabilities of Asylum Seekers in Israel
Authors: Sarkin Jeremy Julian , Morais Tatiana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn 2020, the Israeli Supreme Court held section 4 of the Law on Prevention of Infiltration and Ensuring the Departure of Infiltrators from Israel, also known as the Deposit Law, to be unconstitutional. Among other provisions, that law required 36 per cent of the wages of foreign workers to be paid into a dedicated account and returned when the person left the country. For years the Deposit Law had a negative impact on the lives of asylum seekers because of its racialised, gendered, ethnonational and religious impact. Its intersectional impact illustrates cultural, structural and systematic violence, which has been particularly punitive for asylum-seeking women, who are more exposed to sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).In this context, this interdisciplinary qualitative and empirical research article draws from empirical fieldwork conducted in Israel to understand the intersectional impact of the law. It therefore conducts a theoretical examination of the literature and connects that to the empirical study. Thus, the article empirically and theoretically investigates (i) the extent to which state-created categories foster unlawful multilayered and multilevel forms of vulnerability and discrimination; (ii) the intersectional impact of the Deposit Law and how it is related to SGBV; and (iii) how state-created intersecting vulnerabilities can be diagnosed. The overall goal of the article is to indicate the intertwined nature and interconnection between state-created categories and the inevitability of state-created vulnerabilities.
Model-theoretic syntax for the working syntactician
Authors: Steedman Mark 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To bring linguistic theory back in touch with commonplace observations concerning the resilience of language in use to language change, language acquisition and ungrammaticality, Pullum and colleagues have argued for a ‘model-theoretic’ theory of syntax. The present paper examines the implications for linguists working in standard formal frameworks and argues that, to the extent that such theories embrace monotonicity in syntactic operations, they qualify as model-theoretic under some minor modifications to allow for the possibility of unknown words.
The case for eliminating excessive worry as a requirement for generalized anxiety disorder: a cross-national investigation
Authors: Ruscio Ayelet Meron , Rassaby Madeleine , Stein Murray B. , Stein Dan J. , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio , Al-Hamzawi Ali , Alonso Jordi , Atwoli Lukoye , Borges Guilherme , Bromet Evelyn J. , Bruffaerts Ronny , Bunting Brendan , Cardoso Graça , Chardoul Stephanie , de Girolamo Giovanni , de Jonge Peter , Gureje Oye , Haro Josep Maria , Karam Elie G. , Karam Aimee , Kiejna Andrzej , Kovess-Masfety Viviane , Lee Sue , Navarro-Mateu Fernando , Nishi Daisuke , Piazza Marina , Posada-Villa José , Sampson Nancy A. , Scott Kate M. , Slade Tim , Stagnaro Juan Carlos , Torres Yolanda , Viana Maria Carmen , Vladescu Cristian , Zarkov Zahari , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundAround the world, people living in objectively difficult circumstances who experience symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) do not qualify for a diagnosis because their worry is not ‘excessive’ relative to the context. We carried out the first large-scale, cross-national study to explore the implications of removing this excessiveness requirement.MethodsData come from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative. A total of 133 614 adults from 12 surveys in Low- or Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) and 16 surveys in High-Income Countries (HICs) were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Non-excessive worriers meeting all other DSM-5 criteria for GAD were compared to respondents meeting all criteria for GAD, and to respondents without GAD, on clinically-relevant correlates.ResultsRemoving the excessiveness requirement increases the global lifetime prevalence of GAD from 2.6% to 4.0%, with larger increases in LMICs than HICs. Non-excessive and excessive GAD cases worry about many of the same things, although non-excessive cases worry more about health/welfare of loved ones, and less about personal or non-specific concerns, than excessive cases. Non-excessive cases closely resemble excessive cases in socio-demographic characteristics, family history of GAD, and risk of temporally secondary comorbidity and suicidality. Although non-excessive cases are less severe on average, they report impairment comparable to excessive cases and often seek treatment for GAD symptoms.ConclusionsIndividuals with non-excessive worry who meet all other DSM-5 criteria for GAD are clinically significant cases. Eliminating the excessiveness requirement would lead to a more defensible GAD diagnosis.