bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Process of Formation of Historical Texts in Ancient and Medieval Armenian Sources
Authors: Мелконян А.А. , Мурадян А.Г. , Торосян В.Г. 
Published: September 2024

В статье представлен процесс становления исторических текстов в армянских источниках начиная с древнейших времен и до XIV в. н.э. Началом этого процесса условно можно считать появление наскальной живописи – петроглифов – на территории Армянского нагорья с VIIтысячелетия до н.э. В дальнейшем подобные тексты встречаются в урартских клинописях начиная с IX в. и до конца VII в. до н.э. Классический этап ранних исторических текстов начинается с создания армянской письменности в 405 г., что нашло отражение в трудах армянских историков V века (Золотой век) Корюна, Агатангелоса, Мовсеса Хоренаци, Фавстоса Бузанда, Егише, Лазаря Парпеци. Многие обязательные параметры, характерные для исторических текстов греко-латинской историографии, находим в фундаментальном труде Мовсеса Хоренаци «История Армении». Его труд имеет четкую композицию и является первым систематизированным изложением армянской истории с древнейших времен до середины V в. В нем уделяется особое внимание использованию и всестороннему анализу разных источников, подчеркивается необходимость указания точной хронологии. Расцвет историографии на данном историческом отрезке положительно сказался на развитии исторических текстов последующих периодов.
The article presents the process of formation of historical texts in Armenian sources from ancient times to the XIVc. AD. The initial period of this process can be considered the appearance of cave paintings as petroglyphs on the territory of the Armenian Highlands from the 7th millennium BC. The next generation of similar texts appears in the Urartian cuneiforms from the 9th century to the end of the 7thcentury BC. The classical stage of early historical texts begins after the creation of the Armenian writing in 405 in the works of Armenian historians of the 5th c. (Golden Age) Koryun, Agatangeghos, Movses Khorenatsi, Pavstos Buzand, Yeghishe, Lazar Parpetsi. Many mandatory parameters inherent in the historical texts of Greco-Latin historiography are found in the fundamental work of Movses Khorenatsi “History of Armenia”. His work has a clear structure and is the first systematic presentation of Armenian history from ancient times to the period of the author’s life – the middle of the 5th c. The author pays special attention to the use and comprehensive analysis of various sources and emphasizes the need for an accurate chronology. The flourishing of historiography of this period had a positive impact on the development of historical texts of subsequent periods.
Old Rus’ Flavius: Casus of Tysiatskii Dmitr
Authors: Веселов Ф.Н. 
Published: September 2024

Автор рассказа Галицкой летописи об осаде монголами Киева в 1240 г. уделяет особое внимание главному герою обороны города – воеводе князя Даниила Галицкого Дмитру. Согласно летописи, Дмитр был ранен во время отчаянной битвы, но не казнен победителями, и впоследствии даже давал стратегические советы предводителю Западного похода, Бату. Судьба Дмитра вписывается в распространенную практику привлечения монголами на свою сторону пленных военачальников, но одновременно выделяется на фоне историй о русских князьях-мучениках, отказавшихся быть в «та-тарской воле». При этом, в рассказе о падении Киева воевода никак не осуждается. С нашей точки зрения, это связано с тем, что история киевского тысяцкого воспринималась в связи с похожей судьбой персонажа, прочно связанного с одним из важнейших событий священной истории – «конечным» падением Иерусалима в 70 г. н.э. Этим персонажем был Иосиф Флавий, знакомый на Руси благодаря переведенной к XIII в. «Истории Иудейской войны». Обороняя город Иотапату, он храбро сражался с римлянами, но был захвачен в плен и перешел на сторону победителей. В этой драме древнерусского автора могли заинтересовать мотивы Иосифа: он описывает свои действия не как предательство, а как сознательное непротивление Божьему гневу на Свой народ. Эти мотивы были подробно описаны в переводном тексте, и они отвечали отношению к монгольскому нашествию на Руси во второй половине XIII века.
The author of the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle Tale about the siege of Kiev by the Mongols in 1240 pays special attention to the head of the defenders, Dmitr. According to text, Dmitr was wounded during a desperate battle for the town. However, he wasn’t executed by the Mongols, but subsequently became an adviser to the leader of the Great Western campaign, Batu. The fate of Dmitr fits well into the widespread Mongol practice of attracting captured military leaders to their side, but at the same time stands out against the background of the Russian martyrs who refused to be in ‘Tartar will’. At the same time, the author of the Tale does not condemn the governor in any way. From our point of view, this was due to the fact that history of the Kiev governor was perceived in connection with a similar fate of a character firmly associated with one of the main events in the Sacred history – the fall of Jerusalem in 70 AD. This character was Josephus Flavius, familiar in Rus’ thanks to the 13th century Slavonic translation of ‘The Jewish War’. Defending the fortress of Jotapata, he bravely fought with the Romans, but, in the end, was captured and went over to the victorious side. In this context, the Old Rus’ author might have been interested in Josephus’ motives, as he describes them not as betrayal, but as conscious non-resistance to God's Wrath against His people. These motives corresponded well with the attitude towards the Mongol invasion that was established in Rus’ during the second half of the 13th century.
Apostasy in Vandal Africa
Authors: Виноградов Н.А. 
Published: September 2024

В статье исследуются различные аспекты апостасии и обращения ариан и православных во время вандальских гонений в Северной Африке. Подчеркивается преемственность некоторых действий вандалов-ариан с донатистами, делается акцент не на религиозном значении апостасии, а на социально-политическом. На основании свидетельств Виктора Витенского, Григория Турского, Августина, Фульгенция и Кводвультдея делается вывод о том, что для ариан было достаточно формального обращения православного населения в их веру, без действительного принятия их догматов. По-видимому, это было связано со все еще существовавшими в Северной Африке сильными донатитсткими настроениями. Перекрещивание для африканского населения было знакомой формой перехода в новую общину, а для вандалов-ариан стало символом лояльности и отказа от контактов с враждебной для них Византией.
The article explores various aspects of apostasy and conversion of Arians and Orthodox Christians during the Vandal persecutions in North Africa. It highlights the continuity of certain actions of the Arian Vandals with those of the Donatists, emphasizing the socio-political rather than religious significance of apostasy. Based on the testimonies of Victor of Vita, Gregory of Tours, Augustine, Fulgentius, and Quodvultdeus, the article concludes that for the Arians, it was sufficient for the Orthodox population to formally convert to their faith without genuinely accepting their dogmas. This was likely due to the strong Donatist sentiments that still existed in North Africa. Re-baptism was a familiar form of transitioning to a new community for the African population, and for the Arian Vandals, it became a symbol of loyalty and rejection of ties with the Byzantine Empire, which they viewed as hostile.
Performance evaluation of a community-based water management organisation using integrated water quality monitoring
Authors: López-Esquivel Marian , Mena-Rivera Leonardo , Sánchez-Gutiérrez Rolando , Vega-Guzmán Ilena , Swinscoe Thomas H.A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Community-based water management organisations (CBWMOs) play an important role in providing water services worldwide. However, there is some debate as to their capacity to sustain a safe drinking water supply considering the current socioeconomic and climate scenarios. Here, we present an integrated water quality assessment of the supply system of a CBWMO in Concepción of San Ramon, Costa Rica. Major ions, trace metals, and coliforms were analysed in the households and water sources over a 1-year period. The spring risk assessments and the water quality of the main river in the catchment were also carried out. We found that although the supplied water meets adequate standards, spatial and temporal changes in the water quality of the sources exist. Springwater composition is mainly driven by rock–water interaction processes, but early signs of potential anthropogenic pollution were found. The springs showed concentrations of NO3- above natural levels and microbial contamination in 37 and 18% of the cases, respectively. River water quality showed a distinct composition, which is consistent with the anthropogenic pressures in the catchment. This study provides useful information on how water quality assessments can be used beyond regulatory processes to improve planning by CBWMOs to ensure water security.
Optimizing dynamic voltage restorers with Bee Optimization Algorithm for enhanced power quality in modern hydro turbine grids
Authors: Tamson Nezif , Haci Huseyin , Sari Arif 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
This study explores the optimization of dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs) within hydro turbine systems using the Bee Optimization Algorithm (BOA), focusing on enhancing power system stability and quality through advanced control strategies. Emphasizing total harmonic distortion (THD) minimization, the research addresses power quality challenges prevalent in hydroelectric power generation. Detailed simulations demonstrate how BOA effectively reduces THD, optimizing DVR performance in response to grid disturbances typical in renewable energy integrations. Findings validate the BOA's efficacy in improving voltage stability and underscore the potential of bio-inspired algorithms for smart grid applications in hydro settings. This approach not only supports the reliability of hydroelectric power systems but also opens new avenues for employing multi-objective optimization techniques to advance DVR functionality, contributing to the sustainable management of energy infrastructures.
Assessing the sustainability of small hydropower sites in the Citarum Watershed, Indonesia employing CA-Markov and SWAT models
Authors: Pranoto Bono , Hartulistiyoso Edy , Aidi Muhammad Nur , Sutrisno Dewayany , Nahib Irmadi , Purwono Nugroho , Hudayat Nurul , Rais Achmad Fahruddin , Rahmila Yulizar Ihrami 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the sustainability of potential small hydropower sites within the Citarum Watershed in West Java, Indonesia. The Citarum River, with a catchment area of 6,090 km2, plays a crucial role in regional water supply and hydroelectric power generation. However, environmental challenges such as deforestation, land use changes, and sedimentation pose significant risks. We employed the CA-Markov model integrated with IDRISI TerrSet software and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to predict future land use changes and assess water supply, soil erosion, and sedimentation impacts for 2030 and 2040. The analysis revealed diverse trends in water yield across different catchment areas, with some regions showing increased water availability and others facing declines. High erosion and sedimentation rates were identified as critical issues affecting hydropower efficiency. The study highlights the need for comprehensive watershed management strategies, including reforestation, sustainable land management practices, and sediment management, to enhance the sustainability of small hydropower projects. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating environmental considerations into hydropower development to ensure the ecological integrity of the Citarum Watershed.
REVIEW OF SPEED PROFILE OPTIMIZATION METHODS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN TRAIN
Authors: Abdillah Kusuma , Gunawan Leonardo Gunawan , Handoko Yunendar Aryo Handoko 
Published: September 2024

Improving energy efficiency in the transportation system is an important goal in facing the challenges of climate change and limited energy resources. Electric trains are a promising alternative for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Speed profile optimization has been a significant research focus on achieving maximum energy efficiency in electric trains. This paper aims to provide insight into energy efficiency using speed profile optimization. Several issues were discussed in this paper including energy consumption modeling methods, speed profile optimization methods, and integration of speed profile optimization with schedules and regenerative braking. This study concluded that the most frequently used energy consumption modeling is the deterministic model using the Davis equation. There are two classifications in optimization: classical and modern methods (heuristics). Classical optimization methods are often used on problems with simple constraints, and modern methods are often used on problems with more complex constraints or variables.
OBSERVASI PENURUNAN TEKANAN (PRESSURE DROP) PADA SISTEM PERPIPAAN: PENGARUH PANJANG DAN DIAMETER PIPA, ELBOW, DAN TEE
Authors: Nuryoto Nuryoto , Rahmayetty Rahmayetty , Yusuf Rumbino  , Astrilia  Damayanti  , Doni Rahmat Wicakso  
Published: September 2024

The piping system is a fundamental process equipment in the industry. The phenomena that occur in piping systems vary depending on the conditions of the pipes and the fluids flowing through them. Therefore, research related to piping systems requires attention to minimize and understand the occurring phenomena. There have been many studies related to piping analysis, but what sets this research apart from previous studies is that it focuses on examining the contribution of each component of the piping system to friction loss-pressure drop. Furthermore, the data obtained is used to determine the deviation or difference between experimental data and theoretical calculations. This research aims to study the correlation between friction loss and pressure drop in piping systems (including pipes, elbows, and tees) and to determine the extent of deviation between theoretical calculations and actual conditions, as well as to understand the trend of such deviations. Results show that as the length of the pipe increases, there is an increase in pressure drop, especially for pipe lengths of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.4 meters, the values are 275.26, 367.0, and 642.27 Pa over density, respectively. Conversely, as the pipe diameter increases, the resulting pressure drop becomes smaller, namely for pipe diameters of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.25 inches, the values are 266.64, 93.33, and 13.33 Pa over density, respectively. In the observation of the influence of fittings, it is shown that the pressure drop generated by elbows is greater than that of tees, with values of 26.66 and 13.33 Pa over density, respectively. When calculating the percentage deviation, there is a tendency for longer pipes and larger diameters will increase the percentage of deviation. For pipe lengths of 0.4, 0.6, and 1.4 meters, the percentage deviations are 3.23, 10.11, and 17.50%, respectively. For variations in pipe diameter, the percentage deviations are 3.23, 41.74, and 47.15% for diameters of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.25 inches, respectively. Meanwhile, the percentage deviation for tees is greater than that of elbows, with values of 84.78% (for elbows) and 185.02% (for tees).
Design and characterization of floating microspheres for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yadav Ramnaresh , Bhowmick Mithun , Rathi Vaishali , Rathi Jagdish 
Published: September 2024

Gastroretentive systems can remain in the gastric region for several hours and significantly prolong the gastric residence of the drugs. Prolonged gastric retention improves bioavailability, reduces drug waste, improve solubility of drugs that are less soluble in a high pH environment. It has application also for local drug delivery to the stomach and proximal small intestine. The main objective of any drug therapy is to achieve a desire concentration of the drug in blood or tissue which is therapeutically effective and nontoxic for extended period of time, and this goal can be achieved by proper design of sustain release dosage regimen. Microspheres have been widely accepted as a mean to achieve oral and parenteral controlled release. The microspheres require a polymeric substance as a coating material or carrier. A number of different substances biodegradable as well as non-biodegradable have been investigated for the preparation of microspheres. The aim of this study is to prepare floating microspheres containing Sulfasalazineto achieve a controlled drug release profile suitable for peroral administration.
Keywords: Gastroretentive, Sulfasalazine, sustain release, Microspheres
Osmotic drug delivery system: A review
Authors: Venkateswarlu B.S. , Pasupathi C. , Pasupthi A. , Jaykar B. , Margret Chandira R. , Palanisamy P. 
Published: September 2024

Osmotic drug delivery uses the osmotic pressure level for controlled delivery of drugs by using osmogens. Osmotic systems for controlled drug-delivery applications are well established, both in human pharmaceuticals and in veterinary medicine. The process of osmosis is that can control the drug delivery system. Osmotic pressure created from external environment into the dosage form regulates the delivery of drug from osmotic device. Osmotic pumps are promising systems for controlled drug delivery. The systems are used for oral administration and implantation. Osmotic pumps consist of an inner core containing drug and coated with a semi permeable membrane.
Keywords: Osmosis, Osmotic drug delivery system, Osmotic pump.
Process variable studies for preparation of optimized system for bupropion hydrochloride using CCD
Authors: Gupta Aparna , Sharma Vijay , Singh Lalit 
Published: September 2024

Aim of present work is to develop optimized sustained release dosage form of Bupropion hydrochloride using Formulation by Design (FbD) approach. Development and optimization of formulation batches was done by design experiment using Central Composite Design (CCD). Tablets were formulated by direct compression technique and evaluated. The impact of independent variables like concentration of Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC K4M) and Carbopol (CP 934P) were observed on dependent variable like hardness of tablet, drug release in 12 h (Q12h) and the time for fifty percent release of drug (T50%). Polynomial equations were generated using multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA), response surface plots and contour plots were drawn, optimum formulations were selected by brute force method. The hardness and Q12h was found in the range of 4.4- 4.7 Kg/cm2 and 88.19- 96.7% respectively, while T50% was found in the range of 3.5- 5.5h. Validation of optimization study performed using four confirmatory experimental runs which indicated very high degree of prognostic ability of FbD methodology with percentage error varied between -0.024% and 0.024 %. The overlaying of all these plots provided an overlay plot, which signified the region of optimization. Thus, central composite design (CCD) is a useful tool in the development of optimized dosage form along with the significance of independent variable as well as least investment of money, manpower and time.
Keywords: Formulation by Design, Central Composite Design, Bupropion Hydrochloride.
Development and validation of a spectrofluorimetric method for the estimation of camptothecin in bulk and formulation
Authors: Bhusari Sachin Shivling , Chaudhari Tejal Prashant , Wakte Pravin Shridhar 
Published: September 2024

A simple, accurate, precise, sensitive and cost-effective spectrofluorimetric method was developed and validated for the estimation of Camptothecin (CMPTO) in bulk and formulation. The relative fluorescence intensity of Camptothecin was measured in distilled water at an excitation wavelength of 278 nm and an emission wavelength of 419 nm. Proposed method was found to be linear over the range of 50 to 3000 ng/ml with correlation coefficient 0.9999. Proposed method was validated using different analytical method validation parameters viz. accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, robustness and ruggedness using QC standards as per the ICH guidelines. Thepercentage recovery was found to be 100.64 % and percentage RSD values were found to be less than 2 for accuracy and precision studies. The detection and quantification limits for the proposed method were found to be 15.76 and 47.98 ng/ml, respectively. A simple, accurate, precise, sensitive yet cost-effective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the estimation of CMPTO in bulk and formulation. The said spectrofluorimetric method was found to be economic as it comprises water as a solvent.
Keywords: Spectrofluorimetry, Camptothecin, Validation, Excitation, Emission
EMERGING TRENDS IN THERAPEUTIC PEPTIDE PHARMACEUTICALS: PROSPECTS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Sangeetha Nagarajan , Selvamani Palanisamy , Latha Subbiah 
Published: September 2024

Over the last few decades, the inclusions of peptide drugs in the pharmaceutical formulation aspects are more contemporary and recurrent. Since peptide moieties for the treatment of various clinical conditions has been started worthwhile since 1930’s. There has been an increasingly sustainable research work regarding the formulation of therapeutic peptides are in the arena, as probably several entities are already in the clinical investigation, where as few more are in the pipeline for clinical indication. In this current discussion, it has been aimed to unleash the potential of therapeutic bioactive peptides and its future prospects, in the area of pharmaceutical formulation. A plinth of area in regard to the, demand for the development of pharmaceutical formulation of bioactive peptides are still need to be uncovered. And hence only we have discussed deeply about the contemporary prospects of the peptide moieties.

Keywords: Peptide drugs, pharmaceutical formulation, current trends, clinical implications
A new stability indicating RP-HPLC method for estimation of brexpiprazole
Authors: Vanaplli Goutham Kumar , Mondal Sumanta 
Published: September 2024

A simple stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of Brexpiprazole in tablet dosage forms. Reversed-phase chromatography was performed on Shimadzu Model CBM-20A/20 Alite, using a mixture of 0.1% acetic acid and methanol (65:35, v/v) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. Detection was carried at 214nm. Linearity was observed over the concentration range of 0.1–250 μg/mL (R2 = 0.9999) with regression equation y = 39617.94x + 3300.8. Brexpiprazole was subjected to stress conditions (acidic, alkaline, oxidation and thermal degradation) and validated as per ICH guidelines. The validated method can be applied to perform long-term and accelerated stability studies of Brexpiprazole formulations.
Keywords: Brexpiprazole; Isocratic elution; Reversed-phase HPLC; Stability-indicating; Validation.