bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Biology, Epidemiology, Host Variability and Management of Sorghum Smut Diseases in Nigeria: A Review
Authors: Mustapha Tijjani , Kutama A. S , Mai-abba Ishiyaku Abdullahi , Musa Hadiza Murtala 
Published: September 2024

Sorghum Smut diseases in Nigeria are widely circulated and are economically important in most of the regions of the country growing Sorghum. Perhaps, all the four types of smut can co-exist on the same field and are co-extensive with sorghum cultivation. The four smut diseases are incited by four species belonging to two genera of the order ustilaginales, namely; Sporisorium or Sphacelotheca and Tolyposporium. The distribution of the four smut diseases depend on several interacting factors of epidemiology and pathogenesis. It has been reported that all the four species that causes smuts in sorghum have narrow host range. As a consequence therefore, they do not vary remarkably in their biology and pathogenesis. However, their severity, distribution and prevalence depend on the environmental conditions, seasons and variety of sorghum. Several control as well as management strategies have been suggested by workers for the prevention and control of sorghum smuts including the pre-sowing seed treatment using fungicides, the use of resistant plant variety and modification of cultural and handling practices. However, only few of these measures have been found suitable and promising. Moreover, there is scarce of scientific information on the incidence of sorghum smuts probably because they were thought to have been eradicated or that they are economically less important in most sorghum growing areas in Nigeria. But with the current climatic changes coupled with the negligence from the poor resource sorghum farmers, sorghum smut diseases are re-emerging with high threshold as such they are becoming very important in Nigeria’s sorghum growing regions. This paper reviews the epidemiology, biology and variability of smut pathogens and their possible control strategies.
Evaluation of Physiological and biochemical traits of selected soybean line in Makurdi
Authors: Okoh J. O. , Achiv R. Y , Shaahu A 
Published: September 2024

Twelve genotypes of soybean were selected for physiological and seed biochemical evaluations at Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi. These seeds were collected from NCRI Badegi; Niger State- Nigeria. Ten of these genotypes S1075-6-93, S1179-6-58, S1239-6-135, S1240-6-288, S1252-6-277, S1252-6-156, S1268-6-15, S1273-6-65, S1365-6L-20 and SC SENTINEL is newly introduced to Makurdi while SC SIGNA and SLO1 used as checks have been released. The seed crop field was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in 4-rows of 5m long. Seed samples were collected and subjected to seed quality tests at the Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science Laboratory of the University. Data were collected on germination count which was expressed as germination percentage and its (germination rate and germination rate index) were consequentially obtained. These seeds were also subjected to proximate analysis and percentage protein, fat, ash, moisture content and crude fibre were determined using soxhlet method. The result showed that significant differences existed for germination rate index (GRI) and germination index (GI) while other seedling traits were not different in magnitude from each other. Protein was highest in three varieties (S1075-6-93, S1239-6-135 and S1252-6-156) with 40.25%, respectively and significantly different from others and the checks. SC SENTINEL had the least protein content (37.19) and highest oil content (20.82). Meanwhile, genotype S1239-6-135 had the least oil content (18.83). Compositionally, an inverse relationship existed between protein oil in genotypes studied. Biochemical composition has more effect on seed quality of these soybean genotypes than physiological traits. Genotypes (S1075-6-93, S1239-6-135 and S1252-6-156) had higher protein content than the checks. Also, Sc SENTINEL, S1365-6L-20, S1273-6-65, S1268-6-15 and S1240-6-288 had higher oil content than the checks. Soybean oil producers could use SC SENTINEL for their productions and (S1075-6-93, S1239-6-135 and S1252-6-156) could be used for protein-based products.
A Review of Cholesterol's Dual Impact: Human Health and Environmental Consequences
Authors: Niran Ayanniyi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Indiscriminate consumption of fatty foods especially those with higher percentage of saturated fatty acids in and around the world is likely to be in excesses in few years to come. This is particularly so owing to man detrimental eating habits. And this portends a potential risk for coronary heart diseases among unsuspecting consumers. Although man has the enzymatic capacity to convert excess fatty acids to harmless substrates within the body system, but there occur serious pressure on such functions when they are in excesses of the normal daily body requirement. The impact of heavily rich fat meals to the large supply of total fats and its saturated fatty acids derivatives in the human system has been largely traced to dietary intake of lipid rich diets. Their consequential effect over time can damage arteries, contribute to heart disease, and even stroke among unsuspecting consumers. Incidentally this has been traced to cholesterol (lipoprotein), a waxy substance that the body requires to perform certain critical functions including digestion, circulation, and growth and even the nervous system regulation. There are two distinct forms are known these lipoproteins; high density and Low density lipoproteins. Even though both are essential, the excessive intake of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is dangerous could trigger certain cardiovascular diseases and even death due to its excessive accumulation in the body. In spite of these foregoing however, they plays very critical roles in the life of virtually all living organisms including man. Therefore it harps on the study for a comprehensive review about the concept and dispels the misinformation about the significance and implication of effects of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as probable precursor for certain cardiovascular ailments. Little wonder that some conscious individuals are cautious in choosing their meals owing to this trepidation. It therefore becomes imperative to undertake a study on related works with a view to giving suitable medical information to arm individuals with reliable data towards the trend.
Keywords – Food, diets, fats, cardiovascular diseases, heart attack.
The Effect Of Return On Equity (ROE) On Company Value
Authors: Dewi Astriana , St. Nurhayati  , Andi Faisal  
Published: September 2024

: The purpose of this study is to find out how good the level of return on equity (ROE) is on the value of companies in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) group in 2019-2021, to find out how good the value of companies listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) group in 2019-2021, to find out the relationship of return on equity to company value after the effect of return on equity to the value of companies in the Jakarta Islamic Index group for 2019-2021.
The results obtained from this study in testing the analysis of data requirements are normally disbusted with sig values. 0.200 > 0.05 then the data can be said to be normally distributed and the results of this analysis can be continued for the next regression analysis and correlation testing with a sig of 0.000 < 0.05 which means that there is a relationship between the decline on equity to the value of the company in the Jakarta Islamic Index group and the results of the nonparametric correlation test there is also a significant relationship between the two variables, namely the return on equity variable (ROE) is the value of the company, and the partial test (T) shows that the sig t result is greater than 0.05, which is 0.000 < 0.05 and the coefficient of determination test of 0.729 which means that 72.9% of the company's value can be explained by the return on equity because it is in the high category while 27.1% is explained by other variables outside the variables studied. So it can be said that there is a positive and significant influence on equity on the value of companies in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) group.
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LEVERAGE ON PROFITABILITY SHARIA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
Authors: Wahyuni  , Hamid Abdul , Rismala  
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Financial Leverage on the Profitability of Jasa Mitra Abadi Tbk Sharia Life Insurance Company on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study uses Debt to Asset Ratio and Debt to Equity Ratio as indicators in measuring Financial Leverage and Return On Equity indicators in measuring Profitability. This research method is a quantitative associative approach by sampling financial statements in 2018-2021 using documentation techniques in the form of secondary data and data tested using partial tests (t), Chi square tests, determination coefficient tests and nonparametric Correlation tests to test hypotheses.
The results obtained in this study in testing the analysis of normally distributed data requirements with a value of 0.136 can be said to be normally distributed. Based on the results of correlation and nonparametric correlation tests , it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the Financial Leverage variables consisting of Debt to Asset Ratio and Debt to Equity Ratio to profitability consisting of Return On Equity. Based on the results of the partial test (t), the coefficient of determination of R 2 Obtained an R square value of 0.010 or 10% with a significant value of DAR from the persial test of 0.993 > 0.05 and a DER of 0.983 > 0.05%, it can be concluded that Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected which means that there is no relationship between Financial Leverage to Profitability. Therefore, it can be concluded that variable X does not have a significant effect on variable Y. While the Chi Square result obtained a significant value of 0.238 > 0.05, it can be concluded that there is no influence between the Financial Leverage variable on profitability.
THE INFLUENCE OF AUDITOR ETHICS ON AUDIT QUALITY IN PINRANG DISTRICT INSPECTORATE OFFICE
Authors: Sarmila S  , Rismala  , Indrayani  
Published: September 2024

Audit quality is defined as the probability of an Auditor determining and reporting fraud that occurs in the client's accounting system. The higher the audit quality produced by the auditor, the higher the confidence of information users in using financial reports. This research aims to determine the influence of auditor ethics on audit quality at inspectorate offices.
This type of research is quantitative research in the form of a questionnaire with uses an exploratory approach using data collection techniques, namely primary in the form of questionnaires and secondary data obtained indirectly which is tested using descriptive statistical analysis tests, validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, hypothesis tests.
The results of this research show that: (1) Auditor integrity partially influences audit quality, this is proven by a significant value of 0.033, which is <0.05. (2) Objectivity partially influences audit quality, this is proven by a significant value of 0.000 where <0.05. (3) Partial competency has no effect on audit quality, this is proven by a significant value of 0.449, which is > 0.05. (4) Auditor confidentiality does not partially influence audit quality, this is proven by a significant value of 0.179, which is > 0.05. (5) The auditor's professional behavior partially influences audit quality, this is proven by a significant value of 0.000, where <0.05. Integrity (X1), Objectivity (X2), Competence (X3), Creativity (X4) and Professional Behavior (X5) simultaneously influence audit quality, this is proven by the F valuecount 47,563 > Ftable2.53 and a significant value of 0.000 <0.05.
MORBIMORTALIDADE HOSPITALAR POR CÂNCER COLORRETAL NA REGIÃO SUDESTE ENTRE 2019 E 2023
Authors: Dias Botelho Gomes Ana Carla , Faria Maziero Garcia Nogueira Ruy , Barros Pereira Dowglas , Mayer Berger Mendonça Kathlen , Minasse Catherine Yurie 
Published: September 2024

Introdução: O câncer colorretal (CCR) é um problema de saúde pública com alta taxa de prevalência e mortalidade no Brasil. Fatores comportamentais, como dieta, obesidade, tabagismo, alcoolismo e sedentarismo, influenciam no desenvolvimento da doença. O diagnóstico precoce é importante para o tratamento adequado, assim, é necessário atenção aos sintomas, bem como, a utilização de exames laboratoriais, sigmoidoscopia, colonoscopia e análise anatomopatológica em caso de suspeita diagnóstica. Objetivo: Analisar a evolução do perfil epidemiológico da enfermidade, por meio das variáveis: número de internações, número de óbitos, sexo, idade, cor/raça na regiao Sudeste do Brasil. Método: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo de série temporal, a partir da coleta de dados de 2019 a 2023 do Sistema de Informação de Morbidade Hospitalar (SIH) e do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) disponíveis no site do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Foram estudados a região Sudeste do Brasil em relação ao CID C18 - Neoplasia maligna do cólon e utilizou-se de estatística descritiva para análises dos dados. Resultados: Foram identificados mais de 125 mil internações de Neoplasia maligna de cólon, reto e ânus e mais de 45 mil número de óbitos na região Sudeste, com destaque para o estado de São Paulo. Além disso, é possível observar um aumento no número de internações ao logo dos anos analisados, também, é possível observar que o perfil mais afetado é o sexo feminino, população branca, com faixa etária entre 60 a 69 anos e em relação aos atendimentos a maioria era de urgência. Conclusão: Por fim, a doença é um problema de saúde pública, principalmente, na região do Sudeste brasileiro. Existe uma conexão do desenvolvimento do CCR com a desigualdade social do país, que gera disparidades no combate da enfermidade, o que contribui para o aumento desse tipo de câncer no Brasil. A implementação de estratégias de políticas públicas é essencial para reduzir as disparidades na incidência da doença.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE MORTALIDADE MATERNA NO BRASIL NA ÚLTIMA DÉCADA
Authors: Francisca de Assis Fernandes Martins  , José Abdalla Neto  , Raelma Almeida de Carvalho  , Camila Vitória Ferreira Mendes  , Timóteo Graf Carvalho  , Giulia Pereira da Fonseca  , Noelia Priscilla de Oliveira Cunha  , Nytale Lindsay Cardoso Portela  , Antônio Eduardo Resplandes Macedo  , Eutiene Dos Santos Lima  , Bruno Martins Rocha  , Jasley Siqueira Gonçalves  , Sernandes Rodrigues da Silva  , Gustavo Sales de Oliveira Lopes  
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico e sociodemográfico da mortalidade materna no Brasil na última década (20100 a 2019). Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa epidemiológica descritiva, exploratória e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada entre os anos de 2010 a 2019. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de dados secundários, tendo como fontes: O Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM), aba: óbitos em mulheres em idade fértil no Brasil. As variáveis analisadas: região, tipos de causas obstétricas, categoria CID-10, ano do óbito, faixa etária, cor/raça, escolaridade, estado civil, local de ocorrência, óbitos maternos. As informações coletadas foram tabuladas no software Excel. Resultados: Entre 2010 e 2019 foram notificados 16.697 (100,0%) óbitos maternos no Brasil, sendo a região Sudeste com o maior número de casos (35,6%), seguida da região Nordeste (33,5%). Houve maior incidência entre mulheres de 20 a 29 anos (39,4%), da cor parda, na região Nordeste (67,1 %), com 8 a 11 anos de estudo (30,0%); quanto ao estado civil a maioria das mulheres eram solteiras (49,2%). Sobre as causas obstétricas, 69,2% morreram por causa obstétrica direta, sendo de acordo com a categoria CID-10, as principais causas foram: eclampsia (14,2%), hemorragia pós-parto (9,1%) e hipertensão gestacional com proteinúria significante (10,1%). Conclusão: A mortalidade materna continua sendo um problema de saúde pública no Brasil e esse fato é um indicador de como está a atenção à saúde da mulher no período gravídico puerperal.
STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN WRITING PARAGRAPH: STUDY AT THE BACHELOR STUDENTS’ ENGLISH EDUCATION
Authors: Setiani Rulik , Sartipa Dewi , Novia Sinta 
Published: September 2024

Writing skill is one of the most important language skill to be mastered in the language learning process, especially English. The writing process starts from writing a paragraph. Paragraph are important in writing skill. The purpose of this research was to find studentsâ€™ problems in writing Paragraph and the dominant problem in Writing Paragraph at The Second Semester of English Education at Muhammadiyah Kotabumi University. This research employed descriptive qualitative research that examined 8 students in the second semester of English Education Study Program. The design of this research was descriptive qualitative research. The instrument used to collect the data were document of students writing tasks and interview guideline. The kind of interview that was used semi-structured interview. Based on theories of Bryne divides writing problems into three categories. The first is linguistic problems. Linguistic aspects such as grammar, vocabulary, Language use and choice of sentence in writing. The second is Physiology, namely content. The third is cognitive such as spelling, punctuation, capitalization and paragraph. Based on the findings, the results showed that the students' problems in writing paragraph indicate that students faced problems in 2 categories which consisted: linguistic and cognitive problems. Linguistic problems which consist of grammar is 49, vocabulary is 7, and choice of sentence is 2, and cognitive problems which consist of spelling is 1, punctuation is 26, capitalization is 29, and paragraphing is 3. Moreover, it also findthe dominant problem in writing paragraph was linguistic problems which consist grammar is 49 where student still experience problems in understanding the basic nature of grammar, namely problems in terms ofÂ the appropriateness of the placement of to be, and the correct pattern of verbs. Then, for the Physiology problem, namely content, there were no problems found on the results of the analysis of 8 students' writing documentsÂ at the second semester of English education at Muhammadiyah Kotabumi University.
THE INFLUENCE OF CARD SORT LEARNING MEDIA ON THE ACTIVE LEARNING OF IPS STUDENTS IN CLASS VII SMP AL-IKLAS LUBUKLIGGAU
Authors: Agus Susilo, Isbandiyah Citra Wulandari, 
Published: September 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of active social learning on class VII students at Al-Ikhlas middle school Lubuklinggau after the card sort learning media was implemented. This research method uses the experimen method. The data celloction technique used was a questioner. The population in the study were students at Al-Ikhlas middle school Lubuklinggau, which consisted of 3 classes, namely A,B,C totaling 63. The sample in this study used 2 classes, namely class B as the experimental class, totaling 21 and control class totaling 21 students. sData analysis techniques determine the average value and standard deviation, normality test, homogeneity test. The result of this research can be seen from the t-test, namely tcount (32,9) > ttable (2,02), meaning that Ho is rejected and ha is accepted. This shows that the learning activity of experimental class students is not the same as the control class (( ), so it can be concluded that there is an influence of the use of card sort media on the social studies learning activity of class VII students at Al-Ikhlas middle school Lubuklinggau.
THE APPLICATION OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) MODEL TO IMPROVE THE LEARNING OUTCOMES OF HISTORY CLASS X SMK PGRI AIR BELITI
Authors: Prastika Anis , Susilo Agus , Isbadiyah Isbadiyah 
Published: September 2024

This research aims to determine the completensess of the learning outcomes of class X students at SMK PGRI Air Beliti after using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. The method used is a quantitative method with a pseudo-experimental research desing. The population in this study were clas X students consisting of two classes. The sampling technique used was random sampling technique, where the sample was chsen randomly after being given a lottery number and shaken which become the research sample for clas X.B of 28 Students. The data collection technique used was pre-test and post-test using a test in the form of multiple choice questions. Tne analisys requirements testing technique uses a one sample z-test. The results of this study showed the average pre-test scor was 51,71 with a completeness percentage of completeness 0% or none of the students were complete, while the average post-test score was 74,89 with a completion percentage of 78,57% or 22 students completed. The z-table results obtained calculated Z value 3,11) ≥ Z table (2,052). The conclusion is that the application of problem based learning model on the history learning outcommes of class X SMK PGRI Air Beliti is significantly complete.
INITIAL EVALUATION OF THE RISKS OF CHILD WELFARE INVOLVEMENT FOR PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Authors: Fajrina Suci , Lufri Lufri , Evhan Nisa Sandra , Putri Ayu Melisa 
Published: September 2024

Untuk mencegah keterlibatan anak dalam sistem kesejahteraan dengan segera melibatkan keluarga ke intervensi preventif, penting untuk mengidentifikasi risiko keterlibatan ini di masyarakat umum sedini mungkin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor demografi, sosial ekonomi, dan riwayat kriminal yang terkait dengan keterlibatan anak dalam sistem kesejahteraan. Kami mengumpulkan data antropometri dari 120.641 anak berusia di bawah 15 tahun serta data dari orang tua mereka (81.453 ibu dan 68.202 ayah) melalui Badan Pusat Statistik. Keterlibatan anak dalam kesejahteraan mencakup perintah pengawasan, perwalian yang ditetapkan pengadilan, atau penempatan di luar rumah yang dimulai dalam satu tahun setelah penilaian faktor risiko. Validitas prediktif keterlibatan ini dinilai dengan menghitung nilai AUC untuk setiap faktor risiko. Kami mengembangkan algoritma prediktif berbasis pohon keputusan dan melakukan validasi dengan menggunakan sampel terpisah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa satu tahun setelah penilaian, keterlibatan anak dalam sistem kesejahteraan dapat diprediksi secara akurat dengan kombinasi faktor-faktor tertentu pada tingkat individu. Risiko ini meningkat secara signifikan dengan bertambahnya jumlah faktor risiko. Anak-anak yang memiliki empat atau lebih faktor risiko memiliki peluang sepuluh kali lipat untuk terlibat dalam sistem kesejahteraan anak, sementara enam atau lebih faktor risiko meningkatkan risiko ini hingga 21 kali lipat dibandingkan dengan anak-anak tanpa faktor risiko. Semakin banyak faktor risiko yang terakumulasi, model prediktif menunjukkan peningkatan kemungkinan keterlibatan dalam sistem kesejahteraan anak. Nilai AUC yang tinggi dalam model prediktif dan akumulasi faktor risiko ini dapat membantu praktisi memperkirakan kebutuhan untuk merujuk keluarga ke intervensi pencegahan secara tepat waktu