bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singer torus in irreducible representations of GL(n,q)
Authors: Zalesski Alexandre E. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Let G = PGL(n,q) be the projective general linear group of degree n over a finite field of q elements. Let T be a Singer torus of G, that is, a maximal torus of G of order
|T| = (qn
-1)/(q-1). Let χ be an irreducible character of G. We prove that
the trivial character 1
T
of T occurs as a constituent of the restriction of χ to T unless χ(1) < |T|. This answers a question raised by Pablo Spiga.
Conjugacy distinguished subgroups
Authors: Ribes Luis , Zalesskii Pavel A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Let 𝒞 be a nonempty
class of finite groups closed under taking subgroups, homomorphic
images and extensions. A subgroup H of an abstract residually
𝒞 group R is said to be conjugacy 𝒞-distinguished
if whenever y ∈ R, then y has a conjugate in H if and only
if the same holds for the images of y and H in every quotient
group R/N ∈ 𝒞 of R. We prove that in a group having a normal
free subgroup Φ such that R/Φ is in 𝒞, every finitely generated subgroup is conjugacy
𝒞-distinguished. We also prove that finitely generated
subgroups of limit groups, of Lyndon groups and certain one-relator groups are conjugacy distinguished (𝒞 here is the
class of all finite groups).
Non-commutative lattice problems
Authors: Myasnikov Alexei , Nikolaev Andrey , Ushakov Alexander 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We consider several subgroup-related algorithmic questions in groups, modeled after the classic computational lattice problems, and study their computational complexity. We find polynomial time solutions to problems like finding a subgroup element closest to a given group element, or finding a shortest nontrivial element of a subgroup in the case of nilpotent groups, and a large class of surface groups and Coxeter groups. We also provide polynomial time algorithm to compute geodesics in given generators of a subgroup of a free group.
Prosolvability criteria and
properties of the prosolvable radical via Sylow sequences
Authors: Herfort Wolfgang , Levy Dan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We extend a finite group solvability criterion of J. G. Thompson, based on
his classification of finite minimal simple groups, to a prosolvability
criterion. Moreover, we generalize to the profinite setting subsequent
developments of Thompson's criterion by G. Kaplan and the second author,
which recast it in terms of properties of sequences of Sylow subgroups and
their products. This generalization also encompasses a possible
characterization of the prosolvable radical whose scope of validity is still
open even for finite groups. We prove that if this characterization is valid
for finite groups, then it carries through to profinite groups.
Sliceable groups and towers of fields
Authors: Böge Sigrid , Jarden Moshe , Lubotzky Alexander 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Let l be a prime number, K a finite extension of ℚ
l
,
and D a finite-dimensional central division algebra over
K.
We prove that the profinite group

G
=

D
×

/

K
×

${G=D^\times /K^\times }$

is
finitely sliceable, i.e. G has finitely many closed
subgroups H
1,...,Hn
of infinite index such that

G
=

⋃

i
=
1

n

H
i
G

${G=\bigcup _{i=1}^nH_i^G}$

.
Here,

H
i
G

=

{

h
g

∣
h
∈

H
i

,

g
∈
G
}

${H_i^G=\lbrace h^g\mid h\in H_i, \, g\in G\rbrace }$

.
On the other hand, we prove for l ≠ 2 that no open subgroup
of GL2(ℤ
l
) is finitely sliceable and we give an
arithmetic interpretation to this result, based on the
possibility of realizing GL2(ℤ
l
) as a Galois group
over ℚ.
Nevertheless, we prove that G = GL2(ℤ
l
) has an infinite slicing, that is

G
=

⋃

i
=
1

∞

H
i
G

${G=\bigcup _{i=1}^\infty H_i^G}$

,
where each Hi
is a closed subgroup of G of infinite
index and Hi
∩ Hj
has infinite index in both Hi
and
Hj
if i ≠ j.
Thermal Convection Induced by an Infinitesimally Thin and Unstably Stratified Layer
Authors: Hadji Layachi , Shahmurov Rishad , Aljahdaly Noufe H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe examine the linear stability analysis of the equations governing Rayleigh–Bénard convection flows when the basic temperature profile is unstably stratified solely over a thin horizontal slice of the fluid region. We conduct both asymptotic and numerical analyses on three distinct shapes of the basic temperature: (i) a hyperbolic tangent profile, (ii) a piecewise linear profile and (iii) a step-function profile. In the first two cases, the thin unstably stratified layer is centrally located. The presence of stably stratified regions below and above the central layer diminishes the effect of the velocity and thermal boundary layers that form at the plates. This in turn allows for the analysis of the convection process without the constraints of the horizontal boundaries to be simulated in a finite domain. We obtain expressions for the threshold parameters for convection onset as well as flow features as function of the thickness of the unstably stratified layer. In the limit of a vanishingly small thickness, the hyperbolic tangent profile tends to a step-function profile with a heavy top layer overlying a lighter bottom layer. These two layers are separated by an interface where a jump in density occurs. This situation resembles the Rayleigh–Taylor instability of a horizontal interface except that neither is the interface free nor is the buoyancy diffusion absent. The exploration of this case uncovers new instability threshold values and flow patterns. Finally, we discuss some relevant applications.
A Generalization of Onsager’s Reciprocity Relations to Gradient Flows with Nonlinear Mobility
Authors: Mielke Alexander , Renger D. R. Michiel , Peletier Mark A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Onsager’s 1931 “reciprocity relations” result connects microscopic time reversibility with a symmetry property of corresponding macroscopic evolution equations. Among the many consequences is a variational characterization of the macroscopic evolution equation as a gradient-flow, steepest ascent, or maximal entropy production equation. Onsager’s original theorem is limited to close-to-equilibrium situations, with a Gaussian-invariant measure and a linear macroscopic evolution. In this paper, we generalize this result beyond these limitations and show how the microscopic time reversibility leads to natural generalized symmetry conditions, which take the form of generalized gradient flows.
Quality management in IgE-based allergy diagnostics
Authors: Kleine-Tebbe Jörg , Poulsen Lars K. , Hamilton Robert G. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:
Assays for total and allergen-specific (s) IgE are essential serological tests in the diagnostic work-up of immediate type hypersensitivity reactions and atopic diseases. Technical performance characteristics and clinical utility of IgE tests have been published in international guidelines. In the USA and in Europe, IgE tests are mainly performed by accredited medical laboratories and in Germany they are also performed by allergists carrying an OIII-limited license. Both have to perform continuously internal and external quality control measures including proficiency trials twice a year (in Germany). Due to the heterogeneity of the assay’s core allergen reagents, complex extracts and more recently defined allergenic molecules, and heterologous assay calibration, the results of qualitative and quantitative sIgE tests from different diagnostic manufacturers can vary considerably. Proficiency trial results are subsequently grouped according to each assay type. Passing acceptance criteria depend on national rules and regarding quality management. Future challenges include a more valid quantification of sIgE which would allow true comparisons with the international units for total IgE, and the use of harmonized allergen reagents for the most important allergen sources, which have hampered inter-assay comparability in the past.
Results on the deficiencies of some differential-difference polynomials of meromorphic functions
Authors: Zheng Xiu-Min , Xu Hong-Yan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we study the relation between the deficiencies concerning a meromorphic function f(z), its derivative f′(z) and differential-difference monomials f(z)
m

f(z+c)f′(z), f(z+c)
n

f′(z), f(z)
m

f(z+c). The main results of this paper are listed as follows: Let f(z) be a meromorphic function of finite order satisfying

lim

sup

r
→
+
∞

T
(
r
,

f
)

T
(
r
,

f
′

)

<
+
∞
,

$$\mathop {\lim \,{\rm sup}}\limits_{r \to + \infty } {{T(r,\,f)} \over {T(r,\,f')}}{\rm{ &#x003C; }} + \infty ,$$

and c be a non-zero complex constant, then δ(∞, f(z)
m

f(z+c)f′(z))≥δ(∞, f′) and δ(∞,f(z+c)
n

f′(z))≥ δ(∞, f′). We also investigate the value distribution of some differential-difference polynomials taking small function a(z) with respect to f(z).
Existence of a common solution for a system of nonlinear integral equations via fixed point methods inb-metric spaces
Authors: Yamaod Oratai , Sintunavarat Wutiphol , Je Cho Yeol 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a property and use this property to prove some common fixed point theorems inb-metric space. We also give some fixed point results onb-metric spaces endowed with an arbitrary binary relation which can be regarded as consequences of our main results. As applications, we applying our result to prove the existence of a common solution for the following system of integral equations:x (t) = ∫abK1 (t,r,x(r)) dr,x (t) = ∫abK2 (t,r,x(r)) dr,     $$\matrix {x (t) = \int \limits_a^b {{K_1}} (t, r, x(r))dr, & & x(t) = \int \limits_a^b {{K_2}}(t, r, x(r))dr,} $$wherea, b∈ ℝ witha<b, x∈C[a, b] (the set of continuous real functions defined on [a, b] ⊆ ℝ) andK1,K2: [a, b] × [a, b] × ℝ → ℝ are given mappings. Finally, an example is also given in order to illustrate the effectiveness of such result.
End-regular and End-orthodox generalized lexicographic products of bipartite graphs
Authors: Gu Rui , Hou Hailong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA graphXis said to be End-regular (End-orthodox) if its endomorphism monoidEnd(X) is a regular (orthodox) semigroup. In this paper, we determine the End-regular and the End-orthodox generalized lexicographic products of bipartite graphs.
Improved Part-Based Segmentation of Voxel
Shapes by Skeleton Cut Spaces
Authors: Feng Cong , Jalba Andrei C. , Telea Alexandru C. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We present a refined method for part-based segmentation of voxel shapes by constructing partitioning
cuts from every voxel of the shape’s medial surface. Our cuts have several desirable properties –
smoothness, tightness, and orientation with respect to the shape’s local symmetry axis, making it a good
segmentation tool.We analyze the space of all cuts created for a given shape and detect cuts which are good
segment borders. We present a detailed analysis of the parameter space of our method, which yields good
preset values for all its parameters. Our method is robust to noise, pose invariant, independent on the shape
geometry and genus, and is simple to implement.We demonstrate our method for both automatic and interactive
segmentation on a wide selection of 3D shapes.
Defining and computing Hausdorff distances
between distributions on the real line and on
the circle: link between optimal transport and
morphological dilations
Authors: Bloch Isabelle , Atif Jamal 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Comparing probability or possibility distributions is important in many fields of information processing
under uncertainty. In this paper we address the question of defining and computing Hausdorff distances
between distributions in a general sense. We propose several dilations of distributions, and exhibit
some links between Lévy-Prokhorov distances and dilation-based distances. In particular, mathematical morphology
provides an elegant way to deal with periodic distributions. The case of possibility distributions is
addressed using fuzzy mathematical morphology. As an illustration, the proposed approaches are applied to
the comparison of spatial relations between objects in an image or a video sequence, when these relations
are represented as distributions.
Statistical attribute filtering to detect faint
extended astronomical sources
Authors: Teeninga Paul , Moschini Ugo , Trager Scott C. , Wilkinson Michael H.F. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In astronomy, sky surveys contain a large number of light-emitting sources, often with intensities
close to the noise level. Automatic extraction of astronomical objects is therefore needed. SExtractor is
a widely used program for automated source extraction and cataloguing, but it is not optimal with faint extended
sources. Using SExtractor as a reference, the paper describes an improvement of a previous method
proposed by the authors. It is a Max-Tree-based method for extraction of faint extended sources without using
a stronger image smoothing. The Max-Tree structure is a hierarchical representation of an image, in which attributes
can be computed in every node. Object detection is performed on the nodes of the tree and it relies on
the distribution of a statistic calculated using the power attribute, compared to the expected distribution in
case of noise. Statistical tests are presented, a comparison with the object extraction of SExtractor is shown
and results are discussed.
Expanding on the Structural Diversity of Flavone- Derived RutheniumII(ƞ6-arene) Anticancer Agents
Authors: Kubanik Mario , Tu Jason K. Y. , Söhnel Tilo , Hejl Michaela , Jakupec Michael A. , Kandioller Wolfgang , Keppler Bernhard K. , Hartinger Christian G. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract3-Hydroxyflavones belong to the naturally occurring class of flavonoids and have been extensively studied with regard to medicinal application. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that these compounds act as bioactive chelates to the ruthenium(II)–arene moiety. Such organometallic complexes have shown promising anticancer activity against tumor cells via a multitargeting mode of action, interacting with DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase IIα. In this paper, we present the synthesis and characterization of an extended series of 3-hydroxyflavone ligands and their corresponding ruthenium-p-cymene complexes to study the impact of substitution pattern as well as of electron-withdrawing and –donating substituents at the flavonol-phenyl group. The ligands and complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-MS, 1D as well as 2D NMR spectroscopy. The structures of four Ru(η6-p-cymene) complexes were determined in solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the impact of the substitution pattern with regard to in vitro anticancer activity in human cancer cell lines is discussed. Structural differences, calculated octanol-water partition coefficients (clogP) of the flavonols and aqueous solubility were used to rationalize the finding that chlorido[3-(oxo-κO)-2-(3,5- dimethoxyphenyl)-chromen-4-onato-κO](η6-p-cymene)ruthenium(II) 2b exhibits the highest cytotoxicity with IC50 values in the low μM range in all tested cell lines.
ATP-binding peptide-hydrogel composite synthesized by molecular imprinting on beads
Authors: Takata Ayana , Usui Kenji , Matsui Jun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMolecular imprinting has been recognized as a useful technique to produce synthetic mimics of functional proteins, such as antibodies and enzymes. However, only a few studies have examined peptides as starting materials for synthesizing molecularly imprinted polymers in spite of the expectation that peptides would be suitable materials for realizing water-compatibility and proteinlike functions. In this study, molecular imprinting was performed using a vinyl-end-capped on-beads-peptide as functional monomer to produce an on-beads-peptide hydrogel composite selective for ATP; the on-beadspeptide peptide, of which sequence was designed to possess both an adenine-recognition site and phosphate recognition site, was co-polymerized with NIPAM and BIS in the presence of ATP as a template species. The resultant ATP-imprinted composite showed 14-times higher affinity and an enhanced selectivity towards ATP, suggesting that the peptide conformation, i.e. a mutual orientation of the two binding sites, was pre-organized and immobilized in a manner where the ATP binding is more favored.
Molecular imprinted photonic crystal for sensing of biomolecules
Authors: Chen Wei , Meng Zihui , Xue Min , Shea Kenneth J 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMolecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are highly cross-linked polymers with high binding capacity and selectivity to the target molecules. MIPs become increasingly important because of the potential applications in drug delivery, purification and separation. In spite of the tremendous progress that has been made in the molecular imprinting field, many challenges remain to be addressed, especially in transforming the binding event into a detectable optical signal. The combination of photonic crystal and molecular imprinting technique is becoming a popular research idea. Compared to the conventional MIPs, the molecularly imprinted photonic crystal sensors (MIPCB) have the advantage of directly convert the molecule recognition process into optical signal. This review comprehensively summarizes various MIPCB, including the principle of molecular imprinted photonic crystal sensors, recent development, some challenges and effective strategies for MIPCB.
Stabilized sensing of heparin in whole blood using the ‘gate effect’ of heparin-imprinted polymer grafted onto an electrode
Authors: Yoshimi Yasuo , Inaba Ryo , Ogawa Takaya , Yoshino Waka , Inoue Masaru , Kuwana Katsuyuki 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA real-time heparin monitor is required to optimize the dosage of heparin and its antidote, protamine sulfate, during extracorporeal circulation procedures. The gate effect of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is a potential tool for the rapid and selective sensing of heparin. We here present a method to stabilize the measurement of heparin concentration in whole blood using an MIP-grafted electrode. An initiator of radical polymerization, the diethyldithiocarbamicbenzyl group, was introduced onto the surface of an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Heparin sodium, methacryloxethyltrimethoxysilane, and acrylamide were dissolved in water, and methylenebisacrylamide was dissolved in dimethylformamide. A mixture of the two solutions was introduced into the 50 μm gap between the surfaces of a quartz crystal plate and the treated ITO electrode. Ultraviolet light was irradiated onto the surface of the ITO to graft the copolymer of the monomers, then the ITO was washed with a 1 M sodium chloride aqueous solution to remove the heparin template and obtain the MIP-grafted electrode. Cyclic voltammetry was performed with the MIP-grafted electrode in physiological saline or bovine whole blood containing 0-8 units/ mL heparin and 5 mM ferrocyanide as a redox marker, and the relationship between the current intensity and the heparin concentration was analyzed. The current intensity decreased as the heparin concentration in either saline or whole blood increased, and the sensitivity of the electrode to heparin in blood was approximately 52% of its sensitivity to heparin in saline. The grafted-electrode was washed with a protease-containing detergent (Sterizyme® S, Maruishi Pharmaceutical) between measurements in blood. The heparin-sensitivity of the washed electrode in blood was 77% of that in saline. No sensitivity to chondroitin sulfate C was observed but sensitivity to low molecular weight heparin was demonstrated. We thus conclude that selective and stable sensing of heparin can be achieved using an electrode grafted with heparinimprinted polymer.
Structural and electrical properties of chromium substituted nickel ferrite by conventional ceramic method
Authors: Jahan Nusrat , Chowdhury Faruque-uz-Zaman , Zakaria A.K.M 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPolycrystalline Cr substituted Ni ferrites [NiCrxFe2−xO4(0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0)] were synthesized by conventional ceramic method and sintered at 1350 °C in air. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showing sharp peaks confirmed the formation of single phase cubic spinel structure. The lattice parameters of the samples were determined from the XRD data using Nelson-Riley extrapolation technique. They were found to decrease with increasing Cr concentration obeying Vegard’s law. X-ray density, bulk density and porosity were also calculated from the XRD data. The variation of DC resistivity with temperature was measured by two-probe method. The DC resistivity was found to decrease with increasing temperature indicating the semiconducting nature of the samples. Activation energy was calculated from the Arrhenius plot. AC resistivity, dielectric constant and loss tangent were measured in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 120 MHz at room temperature.
Strategic role of nanotechnology for production of bioethanol and biodiesel
Authors: Rai Mahendra , dos Santos Júlio César , Soler Matheus Francisco , Franco Marcelino Paulo Ricardo , Brumano Larissa Pereira , Ingle Avinash P. , Gaikwad Swapnil , Gade Aniket , da Silva Silvio Silvério 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn spite of the limited sources of fossil fuels, energy demand has been considerably increased since the last century. The problems associated with global warming due to rising atmospheric greenhouse gas levels and scarcity of fossil fuels make it imperative to reduce our heavy dependency on fossil fuels. These reasons forced countries throughout the world to search for new fuel alternatives. Biofuel have gathered considerable attention due to their inherent benefits, like lower greenhouse gas emission, renewability, and sustainability. Commercially, biofuels are produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, and carbohydrates by using transesterification and fermentation. However, biofuel production suffers from high production costs and other technical barriers. Considering the environmental and economic issues, use of nanotechnology seems to be a viable solution. Nanoparticles have a number of interesting properties for the production of second-generation ethanol or transesterification of oils and fats to yield biodiesel. It is advantageous for recovery and reuse of catalysts. The present review discusses the role of nanotechnology in the production of bioethanol and biodiesel. Moreover, applications of nanoparticles for the production of biodiesel and second-generation ethanol with special reference to enzyme immobilization and chemical nano-catalysis have been described.
Optical waveform monitoring based on a free-running mode-locked femtosecond fibre laser and four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fibre
Authors: Liu Y. , Zhang J.-G. , Tang D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOptical sampling based on ultrafast optical nonlinearities is a useful technique to monitor the waveforms of ultrashort optical pulses. In this paper, we present a new implementation of optical waveform sampling systems by employing our newly constructed free–running mode–locked fibre laser with a tunable repetition rate and a low timing jitter, an all–optical waveform sampler with a highly nonlinear fibre (HNLF), and our developed computer algorithm for optical waveform display and measurement, respectively. Using a femtosecond fibre laser to generate the highly stable optical sampling pulses and exploiting the four–wave mixing effect in a 100m–long HNLF, we successfully demonstrate the all–optical waveform sampling of a 10GHz optical clock pulse sequence with a pulse width of 1.8 ps and a 80Gbit/s optical data signal, respectively. The experimental results show that waveforms of the tested optical pulse signals are accurately reproduced with a pulse width of 2.0 ps. This corresponds to a temporal resolution of 0.87 ps for optical waveform measurement. Moreover, the optical eye diagram of a 10Gbit/s optical data signal with a 1.8 ps pulse width is also accurately measured by employing our developed optical sampling system.