bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Apical Breakdown: Incidence, Pathogenesis, and Healing
Authors: Tsukiboshi Mitsuhiro , Berlin‐Broner Yuli , Levin Liran 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground/AimsTransient apical breakdown (TAB) is a phenomenon that indicates temporary apical periodontal destruction and root resorption after tooth luxation injuries, followed by the healing process of the dental pulp. Andreasen in 1986, reported that TAB was seen in approximately 4.2% of all luxation injuries. However, there have been no reports thereafter on the types and frequency of the luxation traumatic injuries in which TAB occurs. Therefore, this retrospective study was aimed to assess the incidence and pathogenesis of dental trauma‐induced TAB and to suggest a possible mechanism of subsequent healing based on a series of cases.MethodsData analysis included mature teeth (n = 56) of 49 patients aged 9–30 years who presented in a private dental office over a period of 10 years (2012–2022) to investigate the incidence and healing sequala of TAB.ResultsTAB was observed in 43.8% of subluxation, 62.5% of extrusive luxation, and 75% of lateral luxation injuries. The average age of patients who developed TAB was 14.5 years, ranging from 9 to 28 years old.ConclusionsTAB can be expected in many cases of luxation injuries with minimal dislocation. Therefore, mild injuries (subluxation, extrusion, and lateral luxation), may exhibit spontaneous healing, recovery of dark discoloration of the crown, disappearance of a periapical radiolucent lesion and return to normal response to EPT as long as 12 months after the traumatic injury. Thus, a decision to perform endodontic treatment in these cases might be postponed until clear evidence for an infection exists.
Roadmap for improving coral reef restoration practices in Southeast Asia
Authors: Cvitanovic Christopher , Acedera Mari‐Ann M. , Samonte Preciosa C. , Baria‐Rodriguez Maria Vanessa , Cabaitan Patrick , Dzung Nguyen Thi Phuong , Binh Nguyen Thanh , Luyen Nguyen Hanh , Bat Nguyen Khac , Tran Nam Anh , Wibowo Arif , Roeroe Mi Pingkan Katharina , Muawanah Umi , Camp Emma F. , Chartrand Kathryn M. , Diedrich Amy , Donnelly Ryan , Bee Cameron , Fabinyi Michael , Scott Abigail L. , van Putten Ingrid 
Published: October 2024

SummaryCoral reefs directly support the well‐being of millions of people across Southeast Asia, however, these critical ecosystems are also under immense pressure, threatening their sustainability. Coral reef restoration has emerged as a promising strategy to contribute to safeguarding these critical ecosystems and securing the socioeconomic benefits they provide to local communities across the region. In this paper, we present the outcomes of a week‐long of deliberations between policymakers, research funders, practitioners and scientists from Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam and Australia, which identified four strategies for building improved capacity for coral reef restoration in Southeast Asia; (i) the creation of a learning network, (ii) addressing critical research needs, (iii) improved approaches to communication and engagement to diverse audiences and (iv) the establishment of sustainable funding mechanisms. These strategies are discussed in detail with a view of providing a roadmap to help support coral reef restoration processes across Southeast Asia.
Psychosocial Aspects of the Lived Experience of Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Eberhardt Judith , Gibson Benjamin , Portman Robert M. , Carthy Nikki , Rowlands Sam , Batchelor Rachel , Kane Laura , Kılınç Stephanie 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite increasing recognition of long COVID, the psychosocial impacts of the lived experience on individuals remain underexplored. This systematic review sought to fill this gap by identifying key themes that describe the psychosocial dimensions of long COVID.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to identify key themes illustrating the psychosocial aspects of individuals' lived experience of long COVID.Search StrategySearches were conducted in multiple databases and grey literature sources for qualitative studies published between November 2019 and June 2024.Inclusion CriteriaEligible studies involved adult participants self‐reporting long COVID. The studies needed to provide qualitative data that could be synthesised thematically.Data Extraction and SynthesisData extraction and thematic synthesis were conducted by at least two independent reviewers at each stage. Quality appraisal was performed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool.ResultsThe review included 34 studies. Thematic synthesis yielded five themes: ‘Debilitation’, ‘Uncertainty’, ‘Sources of Support’, ‘Meaning Making: Adjusting to a New Normal’ and ‘Experiences with Healthcare Services’. Individuals with long COVID reported experiencing physical, economic, and social challenges. Uncertainty and scepticism from others caused anxiety. Support from healthcare services, friends and online groups played an important role. Acceptance and gratitude were found to be meaningful in adjusting to the new normal. Experiences with healthcare services varied.Discussion and ConclusionsThis review provides valuable insights into the psychosocial impact of long COVID, highlighting the profound changes and challenges that individuals face. Healthcare services should adopt a holistic approach to integrate psychosocial support within their management strategies, to improve overall patient outcomes.
Examining the Influence of Health‐Related Quality of Life on Job Satisfaction Among Nurses in Kazakhstan
Authors: Seryakova Katarina , Cruz Jonas Preposi , Nadirbekova Gulnur , Colet Paolo , Almazan Joseph 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThis study evaluated health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and job satisfaction among Kazakh nurses and investigated the relationship between HRQOL and job satisfaction.BackgroundNurses' HRQOL may, directly and indirectly, affect their job satisfaction, which could subsequently result in poorer productivity and quality patient care.MethodsA cross‐sectional research design utilizing a standardized questionnaire was employed among 615 nurses working at the University Medical Center in Astana, Kazakhstan.ResultsNurses generally reported moderate HRQOL and low job satisfaction. Marital status and the number of children were significant predictors of high HRQOL. Married nurses had lower job satisfaction than single nurses. Nurses' number of children contributed to an increase in job satisfaction. Experiencing better environmental health may lead to greater general, intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction among nurses. Positive physical health is associated with higher levels of extrinsic and general job satisfaction. Better social health is linked to better intrinsic and general job satisfaction, whereas positive psychological health is related to better intrinsic job satisfaction.ConclusionThis investigation provided evidence of the influence of HRQOL on nurses' job satisfaction in Kazakhstan. Healthcare facilities can create organizational cultures and working environments that prioritize the well‐being of healthcare workers.
Public attitudes towards immigrants: A curious case of Croatia
Authors: Strabac Zan , Valenta Marko , Bell David Andreas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Croatian population has been subjected to violent ethnic conflicts during the war in the 1990s and has more recently experienced large‐scale irregular and refugee migrations, as well as a notable increase in regular labour migration. Using data from the most recent wave of the European Social Survey, we have conducted an analysis of Croatian attitudes towards immigrants. Our study found that, despite Croatia's history of ethnic conflict and ongoing changes in its migration system, the Croatian population still exhibits relatively low levels of negative attitudes towards immigrants compared to other Eastern European countries. With regards to individual determinants of attitudes, one of the biggest surprizes is that political party preferences play a minor role in explaining attitudes towards immigrants. We discuss our findings and conclude that there is an urgent need for better theoretical and empirical framework for understanding illiberal tendencies in Eastern European societies, particularly within the current context of rapidly worsening security situation in Europe.
Sphingosine‐1‐Phosphate Signalling Inhibition Suppresses Th1‐Like Treg Generation by Reversing Mitochondrial Uncoupling
Authors: Coulombeau Rachel , Selck Claudia , Giang Nicolas , Al‐Mohammad Abdulrahman , Ng Natalie , Maher Allison K. , Argüello Rafael , Scalfari Antonio , Varley James , Nicholas Richard , Dominguez‐Villar Margarita 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTInflammatory environments induce the generation of dysfunctional IFNγ+T‐bet+FOXP3+ Th1‐like Tregs, which show defective function and are found in autoimmune conditions including multiple sclerosis (MS). The pathways that control the generation of Th1‐like Tregs are not well understood. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) signalling molecules are upregulated in Th1‐like Tregs, and in vivo S1P inhibition with Fingolimod (FTY720) inhibits the expression of genes responsible for Treg plasticity in MS patients. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that S1P signalling inhibition by FTY720 inhibits the generation of Th1‐like Tregs and rescues their suppressive function. These effects are mediated by a decrease in mTORC1 signalling and reversal of the mitochondrial uncoupling that Tregs undergo during their reprogramming into Th1‐like Tregs in vitro. Finally, these results are validated in in vivo‐generated Th1‐like Tregs, as Tregs from MS patients treated with FTY720 display decreased Th1‐like Treg frequency, increased suppressive function and mitochondrial metabolism rebalance. These results highlight the involvement of mitochondrial uncoupling in Treg reprogramming and identify S1P signalling inhibition as a target to suppress the generation of dysfunctional Th1‐like Tregs.
Efficacy of the peak frequency map for left atrial posterior wall isolation
Authors: Yamagami Shintaro , Nishiuchi Suguru , Sato Tomohiro , Akiyama Masaya , Nakano Yuta , Hirokazu Kondo , Tamura Toshihiro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionComplete isolation of the left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) is challenging owing to overlapping epicardial conduction. Peak frequency (PF) is a novel parameter that focuses on near‐ and far‐field electrogram components. In this study, we aimed to determine whether transmural block completion is related to the ablation site PF.MethodsWe analyzed 44 consecutive patients undergoing initial LAPW isolation (LAPWI) between June 2023 and February 2024. Pre‐LAPWI and PF maps were obtained using an HD‐Grid catheter. In 17 of the 44 patients (Group‐1), LAPWI was performed conventionally. In the remaining 27 patients (Group‐2), PF‐guided LAPWI was applied based on Group‐1 results.ResultsIn Group‐1, the left atrial (LA) roof and floor line success rates were 58.8% and 76.5%, respectively. The average PF value in the roof lines of patients with a completed block line was significantly higher than that of the remaining patients (286.6 ± 29.3 Hz vs. 236.1 ± 40.9 Hz, p = .012), but the floor lines were similar. In Group‐2, relatively high PF values were targeted to achieve complete block of the LA roof and floor lines, following the results obtained in Group‐1. The LA roof line success rates (92.6% vs. 58.8%, p = .007), total number of radiofrequency (RF) applications (22.7 ± 5.6 vs. 27.6 ± 8.5, p = .03), and procedural time (32.6 ± 18.3 vs. 47.9 ± 25.6 min, p = .03) differed between Group‐1 and Group‐2.ConclusionUsing a PF map for determining the optimal ablation line for LAPWI by RF catheter ablation is feasible.
Color Ranges and Distribution of Human Teeth: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Ghinea R. , Herrera L. J. , Ruiz‐López J. , Sly M. M. , Paravina R. D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study investigated the in vivo color range of human teeth using a research‐grade noncontact spectroradiometer, analyzing the effects of gender, age, ethnicity, and lifestyle factors, including diet, smoking, and oral hygiene.Materials and MethodsA total of 1004 participants were recruited at two research sites and stratified by gender, age, and ethnicity, and data on their dietary and oral habits were collected. Noninvasive color measurements of an upper central incisor were performed using a spectroradiometer and a fiber‐coupled Xe‐Arc light source. Color differences were computed using the CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color difference formulas, statistically analyzed, and interpreted through comparisons with 50:50% perceptibility (PT) and acceptability (AT) thresholds for dentistry.ResultsCIELAB and CIEDE2000 color coordinate values varied significantly. Female teeth appeared lighter and less yellow than men's. Age correlated with darker, more chromatic teeth, stabilizing only after Age 46. Significant ethnic differences were observed, particularly between African‐American and Asian participants. Coffee consumption impacted teeth yellowness and chromaticity, while tea had no significant effect. Frequent tooth brushing led to lighter teeth, and tooth whitening considerably influenced color, emphasizing the effect of cosmetic dental treatments. Smoking showed minimal impact, with slight discoloration noted among light smokers compared to nonsmokers.ConclusionsColor coordinate values by gender, age, and ethnicity exhibited statistically significant differences and, in most cases, noticeable color differences. With exceptions, the dietary/oral habits of the patient had a significant impact on the color of human teeth.Clinical SignificanceThe findings from this study provide detailed information and understanding of the color range and distribution of human teeth, which can help enhance the esthetic outcome of dental care and, consequently, the patient's satisfaction.
Implementing Best Practice When Screening Birthing People for a Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Kaufman Sheila , Suplee Patricia D. , Campbell‐Oparaji Damali M. , Blumenfeld Julie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractScreening for substance use disorder (SUD) is an essential part of antepartum care. Best practice for screening requires the use of a validated tool early in pregnancy to identify those at risk and to connect them with counseling and treatment. In many health systems and practices, urine toxicology testing is erroneously employed as a SUD screening tool despite consistent recommendations against its routine use. The results are often misinterpreted as diagnostic of SUD and can have harmful downstream effects for pregnant and birthing people. This Clinical Rounds reviews the tools available for evidence‐based SUD screenings in pregnancy care, pitfalls of urine toxicology testing, and ways in which midwifery care is well‐positioned to implement evidence‐based screening practices in pregnancy care.
Sparking or smothering darkness: Motivational climates influence the leader grandiose narcissism–follower trust relation via leader self‐serving behaviour
Authors: Braun Susanne , Sleebos Ed , Zou Leah L. , Wisse Barbara M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearch suggests that the effects of leader narcissism can be complex and context dependent, causing a lack of clarity about the conditions under which leader narcissism affects follower perceptions. We posit that the organizational climate plays an important moderating role in the relationships between leader narcissism, leader self‐serving behaviour and follower trust. Based on trait activation theory, we argue that organizational‐level cues can spark or smother narcissistic leaders' self‐serving behaviour with downstream consequences for followers' trust. Our focus lies on motivational climates in organizations, encompassing both performance climate and mastery climate, as providers of trait‐relevant cues. A multilevel and multisource survey of 546 leaders and 1718 followers supports the hypothesized relationships. We find a negative effect of leader narcissism on trust in the leader via leader self‐serving behaviour when the performance climate is high (vs. low). We also find a negative effect of leader narcissism on trust in the leader via leader self‐serving behaviour when the mastery climate is low (vs. high). We discuss how leader self‐serving behaviour as a quintessential behavioural expression of leader narcissism is sensitive to specific cues from the organizational context, how motivational climates help to inform the understanding of leader narcissism, and the practical implications.
Stay hungry, and stay calm in upbeat time: Local leaders' early‐life famine experience and housing sector development in China
Authors: Hou Linke , Liang Pinghan , Lyu Siyuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper shows that local officials' personal preferences formed through early‐life experience affects Chinese housing sector development. We exploit a county‐level panel between 2000 and 2007 and use the Great Famine in 1959–1961 in China as a natural experiment. Our specification exploits the spatial variation in the early‐life exposure to the famine, and shows that local officials' early‐life exposure to more severe famine leads to significantly less development in the housing sector in their jurisdictions. Our findings remain robust to alternative specifications, placebo tests, and competing hypotheses. Furthermore, we employ satellite nightlight data to show that the early‐life famine experience of local officials is negatively correlated with the extent of statistical data manipulation, indicating changing risk attitudes due to early‐life famine experiences.
Race and Faith: The Role of Congregations in Racial Justice
Authors: Glazier Rebecca A. , Driskill Gerald W. C. , Hanson Dominika 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFollowing the killing of George Floyd, some congregations more fully entered the conversation on race. Although sometimes reinforcing institutional racism, many religious traditions also have tools for conflict resolution, repentance, and reconciliation. Given this ambivalence, how do congregations engage questions of racial justice, and how is this engagement influenced by race and religious tradition? Our answers come through multimethod data collected over 2 years: (a) Surveys of 2,293 congregants from 35 diverse congregations find that race relations is the issue they most want their place of worship to address, while revealing exhaustion among some Black members; (b) 90 sermons from 15 congregations reveal how clergy talked about race in the weeks after Floyd's murder depended largely on the race of the congregation; and (c) 21 clergy interviews illustrate differences in how clergy use religion to engage race. These diverse data reveal key differences, based on race and religious tradition.
Phytoplankton Diversity Across a Coastal Urbanization and Eutrophication Gradient: The Sepetiba Bay—Ilha Grande Bay Continuum in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Miranda F. A. V. , Moser G. A. O. , Lima D. T. , Machado W. T. V. , Brandini N. , Fernandes A. M. , Costa L. V. M. , Amaral M. F. , Oliveira G. B. , Abril G. Y. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDensely populated coastal zones are significantly impacted by anthropogenic pressures, particularly urbanized semi‐enclosed bays with long residence times of waters and nutrients. Eutrophication is a primary issue resulting from human settlement in coastal zone, as it drastically modifies the structure of biological communities, particularly the phytoplankton. The aim of this study is to assess whether eutrophication functions as an environmental filter on the phytoplankton community along an 80 km gradient of eutrophication in two contrasting bays, Sepetiba and Ilha Grande. By categorizing phytoplankton species based on characteristic traits and comparing them with in situ environmental data, we assess the distribution of phytoplankton functional groups. Sampling was conducted in November 2021 and April 2022 from the semienclosed, mesohaline, and shallow Sepetiba Bay to the more open and marine oligotrophic Ilha Grande Bay. During the two sampling campaigns, functional groups including strict autotrophs (diatoms and filamentous cyanobacteria) and both constitutive and non‐constitutive mixotrophs (dinoflagellates) were represented by different abundance of species along this gradient. Classical diversity indices and Beta‐Turnover analyses indicate significant community differences between the bays, with species replacement driving differentiation rather than species loss between the sampled points. However, with increased eutrophication in Sepetiba Bay, a decrease in the dispersion of functional traits was observed, suggesting that eutrophication acts as an environmental filter promoting trait convergence and the selection of specialist organisms.
Experimentally induced troilite melt pervasion in chondritic analog materials: A study for FeNi‐FeS darkening in chondrites
Authors: Moreau Juulia‐Gabrielle , Jõeleht Argo , Stojic Aleksandra N. , Hamann Christopher , Kaufmann Felix E. D. , Somelar Peeter , Plado Jüri , Hietala Satu , Kohout Tomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIron sulfide and metal melt veins in chondritic materials are associated with advanced stages of dynamic shock. The shock‐induced residual temperatures liquefy the sulfide component and enable melt distribution. However, the distribution mechanism is not yet fully understood. Capillary forces are proposed as agents of melt distribution; yet, no laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the role that capillary forces play in the redistribution of iron sulfide in post‐shock conditions. To investigate this further, we conducted thermal experiments under reducing conditions (N2(g)) using dunitic fragments, suitable chondritic analog materials that were doped with synthesized troilite (stoichiometric exact FeS). We observed extensive iron sulfide (troilite) migration that partially resembles that of ordinary chondrites, without the additional influence of shock pressure‐induced fracturing. The iron sulfide melt infiltrated grain boundaries and pre‐existing fractures that darkened the analog material pervasively. We also observed that the iron sulfide melt, which mobilized into grain boundaries, got systematically enriched in Ni from the surrounding host olivine. Consequently, FeNi metal fractionated from the melt in several places. Our results indicate that capillary forces majorly contribute to melt migration in the heated post‐shock environment.
Fat taste receptors and fatty milk in dolphins
Authors: Katsushima Hinako , Kashiwagi Nobuyuki , Hamano Takehisa , Kogi Kazunobu , Sato Ryo , Nakata Kensuke , Nishino Masayuki , Hayakawa Takashi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere has been a long debate on whether cetaceans recognize external chemical compounds in water. Genetically, they lost some taste receptors due to their aquatic adaptations. In contrast, neuroanatomical and behavioral studies have suggested that young dolphins can perceive specific chemicals. In this study, we tested whether young dolphins could recognize fatty acids contained in their mother's milk. We performed mRNA sequencing of the tongue of a 1‐year‐old Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphin. Long‐chain fatty acid taste receptors were expressed in a V‐shaped row of the tongue, which is specific for young dolphins and has taste bud‐like structures. The lingual lipase is also expressed in the V‐shaped row, which may enhance the release of free fatty acids from triacylglycerols. Notably, the sour taste receptor was nonfunctionalized specifically in Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins. We comprehensively qualified the fatty acids in the milk of captive common bottlenose dolphins. Seven saturated and 16 unsaturated long‐chain fatty acids were detected. Behavioral tests in captive common bottlenose dolphins showed that a juvenile can recognize the presence of milk in water. These results indicated that young dolphins may have functional fat taste receptors in their oral cavity that detect long‐chain fatty acids contained in their mother's milk.