bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Few‐Layer Black Phosphorus Nanosheets as Electrocatalysts for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ren Xiaohui , Zhou Jie , Qi Xiang , Liu Yundan , Huang Zongyu , Li Zhongjun , Ge Yanqi , Dhanabalan Sathish Chander , Ponraj Joice Sophia , Wang Shuangyin , Zhong Jianxin , Zhang Han 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) is a new rediscovered layered material, which has attracted enormous interests in the field of electrocatalysis. Recent investigations reveal that bulk BP is a promising electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reactions (OER), whereas its bulk crystal structure restricts sufficient active sites for achieving highly efficient OER catalytic performances. Toward this end, few‐layer BP nanosheets prepared by facile liquid exfoliation are applied as electrocatalysts and exhibit preferable electrocatalytic OER activity in association with structural robustness; subsequently, the dependence of current density and applied bias potential on the concentration of OH− has also been uncovered. Most importantly, we are aware that reduction in the thickness of BP nanosheets would generate extra active sites from the ultrathin planar structure and complimenting to the electrocatalytic activities. It is further anticipated that the current work might provide further implementation about the OER performance of BP nanosheets, thereby, offering extendable availabilities for BP‐based electrocatalysts in constructing high‐performance OER devices.
If you brew it, who will come? Market segments in the U.S. beer market
Authors: Malone Trey , Lusk Jayson L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article uses data collected from a large number of representative United States beer drinkers to identify potential market segments through consumers' taste perceptions of various beer brands. We use several well‐established marketing research methods to show that distinctive segments of the beer market underlie aggregate demand for craft beer. Using exploratory factor analysis, we find that consumers tend to group beers by two underlying factors of taste. We then use cluster analysis to provide a description of how market segments are influenced by brand familiarity. Overall, this article highlights consumer heterogeneity in the modern U.S. beer market and provides an example of how one might use primary data to analyze segmentation in a growing but highly competitive market. [EconLit citations: : C83, M3, Q1]
Day 14 bone marrow examination in the management of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Terry Christopher M. , Shallis Rory M. , Estey Elihu , Lim Seah H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends that a repeat bone marrow evaluation is carried out seven to ten days following completion of induction therapy so that if a patient's day 14 bone marrow shows residual blast cell counts of >10%, the patient would proceed early to a second cycle of induction therapy. Although blast cell counts of <5% on day 14 bone marrow is sensitive in predicting remission on day 28, various studies have found that day 14 bone marrow is highly nonspecific because a large proportion of patients with blast cell counts of >5% on day 14 bone marrow would still attain a complete remission of the disease without any further chemotherapy. Clinical decision based on day 14 bone marrow will result in some of these patients being given a second induction therapy unnecessarily. A second cycle of chemotherapy is associated with not only higher risk for treatment‐related mortality but also increased use of hospital resources such as increased intravenous antimicrobials use, longer hospital stay, and higher demand for blood products. In this article, we examined the utility, discussed the shortfalls, and re‐appraised the values of day 14 bone marrow in the management of patients with AML. On the basis of our review, we suggest that the practice of day 14 bone marrow examination should be re‐evaluated and should probably only be carried out in the setting of clinical trials with clear questions to address its role in predicting outcome of the therapeutic intervention.
Thiotepa‐based conditioning versus total body irradiation as myeloablative conditioning prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A matched‐pair analysis from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Eder Sandra , Canaani Jonathan , Beohou Eric , Labopin Myriam , Sanz Jaime , Arcese William , Or Reuven , Finke Juergen , Cortelezzi Agostino , Beelen Dietrich , Passweg Jakob , Socié Gerard , Gurman Gunhan , Aljurf Mahmoud , Stelljes Matthias , Giebel Sebastian , Mohty Mohamad , Nagler Arnon 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe optimal conditioning regimen to employ before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is still undecided, and while cyclophosphamide/total body irradiation (Cy/TBI) is the most commonly used myeloablative regimen, there are concerns regarding long‐term toxicity for patients conditioned with this regimen. Thiotepa‐based conditioning is an emerging radiation‐free regimen with recent publications indicative of comparable clinical outcomes to TBI‐based conditioning. In this analysis of the acute leukemia working party of the EBMT, we performed a retrospective matched‐pair analysis, evaluating the outcome of adult patients with ALL who received thiotepa‐based conditioning (n = 180) with those receiving Cy/TBI conditioning (n = 540). The 2‐year leukemia‐free survival and overall survival (OS) rates of both conditioning regimens were comparable, 33% for thiotepa [95% confidence interval (CI): 26.4‐42.8] versus 39% for Cy/TBI (95% CI: 34.8‐44.5] (P = .33) and 46.5% [95% CI: 38.6‐56.1] versus 48.8% [95% CI: 44.2‐54] (P = .9), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two regimens in the incidence of either acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) or chronic GVHD.Multivariate analysis demonstrated increased relapse incidence for thiotepa conditioning compared to Cy/TBI (HR = 1.78, 95% CI, 1.07‐2.95; P = .03) which did not affect OS. Our results indicate that thiotepa‐based conditioning may not be inferior to Cy/TBI for adult patients with ALL.
Development and validation of a 3D‐printed model of the ostiomeatal complex and frontal sinus for endoscopic sinus surgery training
Authors: Alrasheed Abdulaziz S. , Nguyen Lily H.P. , Mongeau Luc , Funnell W. Robert J. , Tewfik Marc A. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundEndoscopic sinus surgery poses unique training challenges due to complex and variable anatomy, and the risk of major complications. We sought to create and provide validity evidence for a novel 3D‐printed simulator of the nose and paranasal sinuses.MethodsSinonasal computed tomography (CT) images of a patient were imported into 3D visualization software. Segmentation of bony and soft tissue structures was then performed. The model was printed using simulated bone and soft tissue materials. Rhinologists and otolaryngology residents completed 6 prespecified tasks including maxillary antrostomy and frontal recess dissection on the simulator. Participants evaluated the model using survey ratings based on a 5‐point Likert scale. The average time to complete each task was calculated. Descriptive analysis was used to evaluate ratings, and thematic analysis was done for qualitative questions.ResultsA total of 20 participants (10 rhinologists and 10 otolaryngology residents) tested the model and answered the survey. Overall the participants felt that the simulator would be useful as a training/educational tool (4.6/5), and that it should be integrated as part of the rhinology training curriculum (4.5/5). The following responses were obtained: visual appearance 4.25/5; realism of materials 3.8/5; and surgical experience 3.9/5. The average time to complete each task was lower for the rhinologist group than for the residents.ConclusionWe describe the development and validation of a novel 3D‐printed model for the training of endoscopic sinus surgery skills. Although participants found the simulator to be a useful training and educational tool, further model development could improve the outcome.
Prevalence of atopic disease in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Benninger Michael S. , Strohl Madeleine , Holy Chantal E. , Hanick Andrea L. , Bryson Paul C. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe objective of this work was to evaluate prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in the United States, and analyze prevalence of atopic disease in patients with EoE. The study design was a retrospective administrative database analysis in U.S.‐based outpatient settings.MethodsA retrospective claims analysis in the inpatient and outpatient setting (using MarketScan) was conducted to analyze prevalence of atopic disease diagnoses in patients with EoE in 2012, and timing of those diagnoses vs EoE.ResultsFrom published evidence, prevalence of EoE was estimated at 1 to 5 patients per 10,000 and prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and atopic dermatitis (AD) concurrent to EoE ranged from 20% to 50%, 50% to 75%, and 2% to 19% cases, respectively. From 2009 and 2013, the estimated prevalence of EoE in MarketScan increased from 2.7 to 5.6 per 10,000 enrollees age 34.5 ± 18.43 years (mean ± standard deviation). Age followed a bimodal distribution with peaks at 12 and 41 years. Women accounted for 35.6% cases. Prevalence of asthma, AR, AD, and food allergies up to 12 months post‐EoE diagnosis reached 44.7%, 27.1%, 25.2%, and 16.9%, respectively, with 63.5% of all patients suffering from at least 1 of these 4 diseases and 3.0% suffering from all 4.ConclusionThe diagnosis of EoE is associated with the diagnoses of asthma, AR, AD, and food allergies. The high prevalence of these conditions in EoE patients further strengthens the hypothesis of a common pathogenesis.
Environmentally Benign, Rapid, and Selective Extraction of Gold from Ores and Waste Electronic Materials
Authors: Yue Chunlin , Sun Huaming , Liu Wen‐Jing , Guan Binbin , Deng Xudong , Zhang Xu , Yang Peng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe extraction of gold from ores and electronic waste is an important topic worldwide, as this precious metal has immense value in a variety of fields. However, serious environmental pollution and high energy consumption due to the use of toxic oxidation reagents and harsh reaction conditions is a well‐known problem in the gold industry. Herein, we report a new chemical method based on the combined use of N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) and pyridine (Py), which has a greatly decreased environmental impact and reagent cost, as well as mild reaction requirements. This method can directly leach Au0 from gold ore and electronic waste to form AuIII in water. The process is achieved in a yield of approximately 90 % at room temperature and a nearly neutral pH. The minimum dose of NBS/Py is as low as 10 mm, which exhibits low toxicity towards mammalian cells and animals as well as aquatic creatures. The high leaching selectivity of Au over other metals during gold leaching is demonstrated, showing that this method has great potential for practical industrial application towards the sustainable refining of gold from ores and electronic waste.
Asymmetric Yttrium‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Addition of 2‐Methyl Azaarenes to Cyclopropenes
Authors: Luo Yong , Teng Huai‐Long , Nishiura Masayoshi , Hou Zhaomin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn enantioselective C−H addition to a C=C bond represents the most atom‐efficient route for the construction of chiral carbon–carbon skeletons, a central research topic in organic synthesis. We herein report the enantioselective yttrium‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H bond addition of 2‐methyl azaarenes, such as 2‐methyl pyridines, to various substituted cyclopropenes and norbornenes. This process efficiently afforded a new family of chiral pyridylmethyl‐functionalized cyclopropane and norbornane derivatives in high yields and high enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee).
Direct and Stereospecific Synthesis of N‐H and N‐Alkyl Aziridines from Unactivated Olefins Using Hydroxylamine‐O‐Sulfonic Acids
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Zhou Zhe , Kürti László 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA RhII‐catalyzed direct and stereospecific N‐H‐ and N‐alkyl aziridination of olefins is reported that uses hydroxylamine‐O‐sulfonic acids as inexpensive, readily available, and nitro group‐free aminating reagents. Unactivated olefins, featuring a wide range of functional groups, are converted into the corresponding N‐H or N‐alkyl aziridines in good to excellent yields. This operationally simple, scalable transformation proceeds efficiently at ambient temperature and is tolerant towards oxygen and trace moisture.
The Existence of an Isolated Hydronium Ion in the Interior of Proteins
Authors: Ikeda Takuya , Saito Keisuke , Hasegawa Ryo , Ishikita Hiroshi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNeutron diffraction analysis studies reported an isolated hydronium ion (H3O+) in the interior of d‐xylose isomerase (XI) and phycocyanobilin‐ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PcyA). H3O+ forms hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) with two histidine side‐chains and a backbone carbonyl group in PcyA, whereas H3O+ forms H‐bonds with three acidic residues in XI. Using a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) approach, we analyzed stabilization of H3O+ by the protein environment. QM/MM calculations indicated that H3O+ was unstable in the PcyA crystal structure, releasing a proton to an H‐bond partner His88, producing H2O and protonated His88. On the other hand, H3O+ was stable in the XI crystal structure. H‐bond partners of isolated H3O+ would be practically limited to acidic residues such as aspartic and glutamic acids in the protein environment.
Preparation, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of chicken feather fiber–thermoplastic polyurethane composites
Authors: Gokce Ozge , Kasap Murat , Akpinar Gurler , Ozkoc Guralp 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, we aimed to investigate the potential use of keratin biofiber (KBF)‐reinforced biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites as tissue engineering scaffolds. The composites were prepared by a solution casting method. Combined salt leaching and thermally induced phase‐separation methods were used to manufacture porous scaffold structures. The mechanical properties were investigated with tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). An increase in the fiber content increased the modulus and strength of the composites. The DMA results revealed that the storage modulus of the composites compared to that of the neat TPU was improved by the addition of feathers. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the dispersion of KBF in the TPU matrix was uniform. According to the water contact angle measurements, the hydrophilicity increased with increasing KBF content up to 80%. The thermal properties of the KBF–TPU films were measured by a differential scanning calorimetry method. The increase in the amount of KBF did not significantly affect the glass‐transition temperature values. We examined the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility by performing cell culturing with the L929 mouse fibroblast cell line. The cell viability was found to be greater than 80% for all of the scaffold compositions. This showed that the KBF–TPU composite scaffolds may serve as a highly potent new material for skin tissue engineering applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45338.
Observer‐Based Piecewise Fault‐Tolerant Control for Discrete‐Time Nonlinear Dynamic Systems
Authors: Chen Liheng , Huang Xianlin , Liu Ming 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the fault‐tolerant control (FTC) problem against simultaneous actuator and sensor fault for discrete‐time nonlinear systems. The nonlinear plant is represented by Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy dynamic models with disturbance and measurement noise. In this work, the original plant is augmented into a descriptor system, where the state and fault are assembled into a new state vector. Based on piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions, a new T‐S fuzzy fault‐tolerant observer is designed such that both the actuator and sensor faults can be estimated asymptotically. Then, a piecewise observer‐based FTC approach is developed to stabilize the resulting closed‐loop fault system. Finally, a practical example of the truck‐trailer model is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Consensus Protocol over Noisy Two‐Layered Networks with Cooperative and Antagonistic Interactions
Authors: Nguyen L. T. H. , Wada T. , Masubuchi I. , Asai T. , Fujisaki Y. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study is concerned with the consensus problems of multi‐agent systems with cooperative and antagonistic noisy interactions described by two‐layered network. That is, each agent is simultaneously influenced by the force of attraction and repulsion between each neighboring agents in cooperative and antagonistic layers. A distributed algorithm for achieving the consensus in a probabilistic sense is proposed and its sufficient conditions are clarified. The conditions tell us rigorous stopping rules which enable us to know the number of iterations that achieves consensus within a prespecified accuracy and probability. Some applications of consensus problems with cooperative and antagonistic interactions are shown through numerical examples.
Global Practical Tracking for Nonlinear Systems With More Unknowns via Adaptive Output‐Feedback
Authors: Jin Shaoli , Liu Yungang , Li Fengzhong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the global practical tracking via adaptive output‐feedback for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. Essentially different from the closely related literature, the system under investigation possesses unknown time‐varying control coefficients and a polynomial‐of‐output growth rate, and meanwhile, the system nonlinearities and the reference signal allow serious unknowns. For this, an adaptive observer is designed to reconstruct the system unmeasured states, where a new dynamic gain is introduced to compensate the serious unknowns in the system nonlinearities and the reference signal. Based on this and by backstepping technique, an adaptive output‐feedback controller is successfully designed, such that all the states of the closed‐loop system are bounded, and the tracking error will be prescribed sufficiently small after a finite time. A numerical simulation is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Bedienungssteg zum Entnahmeturm der Talsperre Schönbrunn
Authors: Vockrodt Hans‐Jörg 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDie Errichtung des Bedienungsstegs zum Entnahmeturm der Talsperre Schönbrunn im Jahre 1974 ist hinsichtlich Planung und Bauausführung sowie der darin realisierten Innovationen ein Stück Technikgeschichte. Dieser Beitrag dient rückblickend ihrer Bewahrung und beschreibt aktuelle Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen zum Erhalt des Bauwerks unter besonderen bautechnologischen Bedingungen.
A mystery of a cup of coffee; an insight look by chemist
Authors: Karpinska Joanna , Świsłocka Renata , Lewandowski Włodzimierz 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFruits, vegetables as well as processed food products of plant origin are a rich source of beneficial for human health constituents. Among them the polyphenols constitute a large group of compounds. The presented literature survey is devoted to chlorogenic acid the most abundant representative of cinnamate acids esters. Its chemical as well as biological properties are described. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(5):621–632, 2017
Madagaskar‐Fauchschaben im Unterricht
Authors: Meier Monique , Horn Daniel 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von Tieren stellt eine besondere Herausforderung und Lehr‐Lernsituation im Unterricht dar. Er bedarf einen zuweilen hohen organisatorischen Aufwand und zudem können Tiere bei den Lernenden verschiedene Emotionen wie Freude, aber auch Ekel und Angst auslösen. Trotz ihrer möglicherweise abschreckenden Wirkung eignen sich Madagaskar‐Fauchschaben (Gromphadorhina portentosa) für das Erreichen einer Vielzahl von Unterrichtszielen, wie zum Beispiel dem Lehren und Lernen von Kompetenzen im Bereich der Erkenntnisgewinnung. Anhand skurriler Phänomene – wie dem Fauchen oder ihrer nachtaktiven Lebensweise – können Beobachtungen und Experimente angelegt und durchgeführt werden. Zudem besitzen die Tiere keine besonderen Ansprüche in der Pflege und Haltung, wodurch sie auch zu einem Dauergast im Klassenzimmer werden können.
Renal impairment and use of nephrotoxic agents in patients with multiple myeloma in the clinical practice setting in the United States
Authors: Qian Yi , Bhowmik Debajyoti , Bond Christopher , Wang Steven , Colman Sam , Hernandez Rohini K. , Cheng Paul , Intorcia Michele 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRenal impairment is a common complication of multiple myeloma and deterioration in renal function or renal failure may complicate clinical management. This retrospective study in patients with multiple myeloma using an electronic medical records database was designed to estimate the prevalence of renal impairment (single occurrence of estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 on or after multiple myeloma diagnosis) and chronic kidney disease (at least two eGFR values <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 after multiple myeloma diagnosis that had been measured at least 90 days apart), and to describe the use of nephrotoxic agents. Eligible patients had a first diagnosis of multiple myeloma (ICD‐9CM: 203.0x) between January 1, 2012 and March 31, 2015 with no prior diagnoses in the previous 6 months. Of 12,370 eligible patients, the prevalence of both renal impairment and chronic kidney disease during the follow‐up period was high (61% and 50%, respectively), and developed rapidly following the diagnosis of multiple myeloma (6‐month prevalence of 47% and 27%, respectively). Eighty percent of patients with renal impairment developed chronic kidney disease over the follow‐up period, demonstrating a continuing course of declining kidney function after multiple myeloma diagnosis. Approximately 40% of patients with renal impairment or chronic kidney disease received nephrotoxic agents, the majority of which were bisphosphonates. As renal dysfunction may impact the clinical management of multiple myeloma and is associated with poor prognosis, the preservation of renal function is critical, warranting non‐nephrotoxic alternatives where possible in managing this population.
UHPLC/HR‐ESI‐MS/MS Profiling of Phenolics from Tunisian Lycium arabicum Boiss. Antioxidant and Anti‐lipase Activities’ Evaluation
Authors: Affes Marwa , Fakhfakh Jawhar , Daoud Ines , Brieudes Vincent , Halabalaki Maria , El Feki Abdelfattah , Allouche Noureddine 
Published: June 2017

This study was performed in the aim to evaluate nine different extracts from Tunisian Lycium arabicum for their total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, phytochemical analyses as well as their antioxidant and anti‐lipase activities. The in vitro antioxidant property was investigated using three complementary methods (DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β‐carotene‐linoleic acid bleaching assays) while anti‐lipase activity was evaluated using 4‐methylumbelliferyl oleate method. From all of the tested extracts the most potent found to be the polar MeOH extracts especially those of stems and leaves. In order to investigate the chemical composition of these extracts and possible correlation of their constituents with the observed activities, an UHPLC/HR‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis was performed. Several compounds belonging to different chemical classes were tentatively identified such as rutin and kampferol rutinoside, the major constituents of the leaves, and N‐caffeoyltyramine, lyciumide A, N‐dihydrocaffeoyltyramine as well as fatty acids: trihydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid isomers were detected abundantly in the stems. These results showed that the MeOH extracts of stems and leaves of L. arabicum can be considered as a potential source of biological active compounds.