bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalyst Ammonia Storage Measurements Using Radio Frequency Sensing
Authors: Aguilar Jonathan , Bromberg Leslie , Sappok Alexander , Ragaller Paul , Atehortua Jean , Liu Xiaojin 
Published: November 2017

Motivated by increasingly strict NOx limits, engine manufactures have adopted selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology to reduce engine-out NOx below mandated levels. In the SCR process, nitrogen oxides (NOx) react with ammonia (NH3) to form nitrogen and water vapor. The reaction is influenced by several variables, including stored ammonia on the catalyst, exhaust gas composition, and catalyst temperature. Currently, measurements from NOx and/or NH3 sensors upstream and downstream of the SCR are used with predictive models to estimate ammonia storage levels on the catalyst and control urea dosing.
This study investigated a radio frequency (RF) -based method to directly monitor the ammonia storage state of the SCR catalyst. This approach utilizes the SCR catalyst as a cavity resonator, in which an RF antenna excites electromagnetic waves within the cavity to monitor changes in the catalyst state. A mmonia storage causes changes in the dielectric properties of the catalyst, which directly impacts the RF signal. Changes in the RF signal relative to stored a mmonia (NH3) were evaluated over a wide frequency range as well as temperature and exhaust conditions. The RF response to NH3 storage, desorption, and oxidation on the SCR was observed to be well-correlated with changes in the catalyst state. Calibrated RF measurements demonstrate the ability to monitor the adsorption state of the SCR to within 10 % of the sensor full scale. The results indicate direct measurement of SCR ammonia storage levels, and resulting catalyst feedback control, via RF sensing to have significant potential for optimizing the SCR system to improve NOx conversion and decrease urea consumption.
CFD Modelling of Partial Fuel Stratification Combustion Using Detailed Fuel Surrogate Models and Tabulated Chemistry
Authors: Keum Seunghwan , Grover Ronald O. , Meijer Casper , Tap Ferry 
Published: November 2017

With ever more stringent emissions and performance regulations, more emphasis and efforts have been made in accurate modeling of the combustion process and engine-out emissions in engine development. However, accurate modeling of the combustion process requires detailed chemistry. Highly detailed mechanisms typically include hundreds of species and thousands of reactions, and solution of such reaction set has been one of the largest bottlenecks in numerical modeling of the IC engine with CFD. Typically, the accuracy in chemistry modeling is sacrificed by reducing the mechanism size for the sake of computational efficiency. In this study, a lookup-table based approach is applied for modeling the combustion process in an HCCI engine. Instead of solving chemistry on-the-fly during the CFD simulations, the chemistry is solved for possible combination of thermodynamic and mixing conditions. The turbulence-chemistry interaction is considered using a flamelet approach. Then, the solution is stored in a table, such that chemistry information can be retrieved during the CFD simulation. The lookup-table method, referred to as Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM), provides significant runtime reduction in CFD simulations with high fidelity chemistry modeling.
The FGM model was applied to a canonical HCCI experiment from Sandia National Laboratory. The experiment examined the effect of different levels of fuel stratification on ignition and combustion of a gasoline HCCI engine. The different levels of stratification were generated by controlling the amount of directly injected fuel. This case has been highly challenging for modeling using traditional modeling approaches. With FGM, it was possible to use the most detailed reaction mechanism to describe the chemistry as completely as one can. The effect of different surrogates on modeling results was investigated as well. It was found that the one proposed by Gauthier showed the most promising results in reproducing the highly complicated combustion with partial fuel stratification.
A Numerical Investigation on NO2 Formation in a Natural Gas-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine
Authors: Li Yu , Li Hailin , Li Yongzhi , Yao Mingfa , Guo Hongsheng 
Published: November 2017

The burning of natural gas (NG) in compression ignition dual fuel engines has been highlighted for its fuel flexibility, higher thermal efficiency and reduced particulate matter (PM) emissions. Recent research has reported the significant impact of the introduction of NG to the intake port on nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions, particularly at the low loads. However, the research on the mechanism of NO2 formation in dual fuel engines has not been reported.
This research simulates the formation and destruction of NO2 in a NG-diesel dual fuel engine using commercial CFD software CONVERGE coupled with a reduced primary reference fuel (PRF) mechanism consisting of 45 species and 142 reactions. The model was validated by comparing the simulated cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions with experimental data. The validated model was used to simulate the formation and destruction of NO2 in a NG-diesel dual fuel engine. The formation of NO2 and its correlation with the local concentration of nitric oxide (NO), methane, and temperature were examined and discussed. It was revealed that NO2 was mainly formed in the interface region between the hot NO-containing combustion products and the relatively cool unburnt methane-air mixture. NO2 formed at the early combustion stage is usually destructed to NO after the complete oxidation of methane and n-heptane, while NO2 formed during the post-combustion process would survive and exit the engine. This was supported by the distribution of NO and NO2 in the equivalence ratio (ER)-T diagram.
A detailed analysis of the chemical reactions occurring in the NO2 containing zone consisting of NO2, NO, O2, methane, etc., was conducted using a quasi-homogeneous constant volume model to identify the key reactions and species dominating NO2 formation and destruction. The HO2 produced during the post combustion process of methane was identified as the primary species dominating the formation of NO2. The simulation revealed the key reaction path for the formation of HO2 noted as CH4->CH3->CH2O->HCO->HO2, with conversion ratios of 98%, 74%, 90%, 98%, accordingly. The backward reaction of OH+NO2 = NO+HO2 consumed 34% of HO2 for the production of NO2.
It was concluded that the increased NO2 emissions from NG-diesel dual fuel engines was formed during the post combustion process due to higher concentration of HO2 produced during the oxidation process of the unburned methane at low temperature.
Vaccinations in individuals with underlying medical conditions
Authors: Ford Karen 
Published: November 2017

Certain medical conditions make patients more vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases. Karen Ford discusses the rationale for vaccinating these patients Some underlying medical conditions, such as severe asthma, diabetes, immunosuppression and asplenia increase an individual's risk of complications from vaccine-preventable diseases. Ensuring all individuals with underlying medical conditions are vaccinated according to national recommendations can protect them from severe disease and complications. The practice nurse has a key role to play in protecting these individuals.
O Departamento de Estoque como fator influenciador na Gestão de Empresas
Authors: Akemi Karina , Ribeiro Mariana Emídio Oliveira , Lavor Anna Ariane Araújo de , Silva Antônio Carlos Alves da 
Published: November 2017

O presente trabalho, teve como objetivo verificar como a gestão de estoque influencia nas empresas, visto que ter um estoque é essencial para as organizações, uma vez que auxilia no processo de vendas e na garantia aos clientes. A metodologia utilizada foi a de pesquisa bibliográfica, com leituras, comentários e citações por meio de livros e sites especializados. Utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa, cujoa hipótese da pesquisa não obteve uma resposta de sim ou não, e também exploratória, que tem como objetivo alcançar novas percepções do assunto e descobrir novas ideias. Essa pesquisa foi realizada no segundo semestre de 2016. Os resultados obtidos explicam que é fundamental um estoque nas empresas, pois torna-se eficiente ao atender melhor os clientes, no qual, se torna apta a competir com as outras empresas do mesmo segmento. O estoque é um dos principais departamentos dentro de uma empresa, é nele que é armazenado todos os produtos que são vendidos. E há sempre uma pessoa responsável por ele, que organiza e faz os controles diariamente para que assim o estoque e os produtos que nele é composto fiquem em ordem. Funcionários de depósito são os responsáveis por fazer todo o inventário com a função de controlar o estoque. Onde é necessário sempre fazer a contagem dos produtos, ou até mesmo um balanço a cada três meses para verificar se a contagem no estoque físico confere com a do contábil. Desse modo, é fundamental para as empresas e até mesmo para a comodidade dos clientes e funcionários a obtenção de um estoque de materiais, pois além do estoque ser uma estratégia para as empresas, onde em muitos casos o lucro é evidente, o mesmo também serve para ter produtos sempre disponíveis para as vendas, sendo assim, uma das funções indispensável dentro de qualquer organização. Palavras-chave:
Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos e Distúrbios Osteomusculares em cirurgiões-dentistas
Authors: Viana Hugo Vilela , Rocha Marcelo Pereira da 
Published: November 2017

As lesões por esforços repetitivos (LER) e distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT), em cirurgiões-dentistas, são de elevada prevalência e importante causa de afastamento do trabalho. Esta pesquisa, conduzida por meio de revisão da literatura, de forma sistemática, apresenta o perfil das publicações e os principais aspectos acerca das LER/DORT em dentistas. Os artigos selecionados foram acessados nas bases de dados Scielo, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde. Foi possível identificar as principais causas desses agravos, bem como medidas de prevenção, de modo que o profissional possa usufruir de melhor qualidade de vida. A organização do trabalho é importante fator de risco, capaz de causar ou agravar as condições musculoesqueléticas dos profissionais dos serviços odontológicos.
O Lúdico como Ferramenta no Ensino da Matemática
Authors: Silva Luciana Verêda da , Angelim Clenilson Panta 
Published: November 2017

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com base em pesquisas bibliográficas, exploratórias, teóricas e qualitativas e tem como principal objetivo fazer uma análise e reflexão sobre a importância de se trabalhar com o lúdico no ensino de matemática, enfatizando principalmente as contribuições encontradas nesse processo, reforçando que o lúdico pode e deve ser uma ferramenta positiva no ensino da matemática, apresentando a importância de se trabalhar com atividades lúdicas no ensino, ressaltando suas contribuições nas aulas de matemática, tanto para o professor quanto para a criança, principalmente nos primeiros anos do ensino (infantil e fundamental I), sabendo que o lúdico beneficiará de maneira significativa para o desenvolvimento intelectual e potencial de cada criança. Apresentar ainda que através do lúdico inserido no ensino de matemática, irá trazer um resultado positivo com relação ao aprendizado das crianças, pelo brincar. Conceituar o termo Lúdico como sendo qualidade daquilo que estimula através da fantasia, do divertimento ou da brincadeira, na visão de alguns autores reforçar esses conceitos percebendo o quanto o ato de brincar é importante para o desenvolvimento intelectual e cognitivo dos estudantes ainda crianças, mas ainda citar alguns jogos que auxiliam no processo de alfabetização matemática, bem como suas contribuições nessa área do conhecimento matemático.
Responses of Rhizophora mangle L. to effluents from textile Industry in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Emmanuel Iwuala , Alam Afroz , Abiodun Ajiboye 
Published: November 2017

Polluted water discharge sourced from industrial effluent has emerge a distressing happening owing to its harmful effects on health, lives and safety of organisms. The extent of this unpleasant situation by and large remains unidentified. Thus, in the present study, the toxic effects of effluents from textile are analyzed through Rhizophora mangle L., by leaving it to polluted surface water by effluent from the Challawa stream. An observation on the effects of textile effluent polluted water was analyzed on the growth, chlorophyll content, heavy metal quantification and membrane integrity in R. mangle was carried out. Seedlings raised from viviparous seeds (propagules) were grown in 50L effluent water from textile industry for 4 weeks. Growth, physiological, biochemical parameters as well as quantification analysis of heavy metals of the seedlings were analysed immediately after the treatment period. The results proved that R. mangle seedlings were sensitive to metal toxicity. The treatment significantly reduced the growth index and chlorophyll contents evaluated. MDA content, catalase enzyme and heavy metal content (Fe, Ni and Cu) significantly increase when plants were grown in effluent water indicating ROS production. Therefore, this result implies that metals present in the textile effluent induce oxidative stress and membrane damage in R. mangle.
Effect of dietary protein on the growth of mullet, Chelon labrosus, reared in sea cages
Authors: Altunok Muhammet , Özden Osman 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to obtain preliminary data on the effect of dietary protein on the growth of the thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus) juveniles reared in net sea-cages. The juveniles (6.2 ± 0.61 g) were obtained from the wild and were stocked into net sea-cages at a stocking rate of 100 juveniles per cubic meter and fed with experimental diets including 25, 30, or 35% crude protein for 87 days. The highest mean weight and specific growth rate (SGR) were 39.5 g and 2.13% day−1, respectively, at protein levels of 30%. The diet also resulted in the most efficient feed conversion ratio of 1.61.
Meningoencephalitis in farmed monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) caused by Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Adikesavalu Harresh , Banerjee Sayani , Patra Avijit , Abraham Thangapalam Jawahar 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Aquaculture of tilapia is a new research venture in India. With intensification in farming practices, tilapia are increasingly susceptible to bacterial infections. This article describes the isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria from cultured monosex Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), that experienced moderate to severe mortalities in West Bengal, India between September and August 2014 and histopathological alterations in various organs. Gram-positive diplococci, identified as Streptococcus agalactiae with Streptococcus identification kits and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, were isolated from the brain, operculum, and kidney. Other bacteria from the kidney were identified as Aeromonas sobria, A. caviae, Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter cloacae. Staphylococcus epidermis was isolated from opercular hemorrhages. Histological sections of the infected tilapia brain revealed meningoencephalitis and granulomatous lesions. Sections from other organs indicated congestion, hemorrhagic and hyperplastic cells, necrosis, vacuolation, hemosiderin deposition, hypertrophic nuclei, melanomacrophage aggregation, and ruptured veins. This report is the first description of S. agalactiae as a primary pathogen causing meningoencephalitis in cultured tilapia in India.
A Comparative Study on the Properties of Potentially Bioactive Glasses Obtained by Sol-Gel Technique and by Melting Mixtures of Oxides
Authors: Avram Daniela , Ungureanu Dan , Angelescu Nicolae , Barroso de Aguiar José 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Phosphocalcic glasses, based on ternary system SiO2 - CaO- P2O5 and those doped with copper (SiO2 – CaO - P2O5 - Cu2O) can be obtained by the traditional method of sub-cooling melts or modern methods such as process that uses mechanical energy, neutrons action, deposition in thin layers or by sol-gel technique. This paper shows the experimental results of three compositional phosphocalcic glasses: 50% SiO2 - 43% CaO - 7% P2O5, 50% SiO2 - 38% CaO - 7% P2O5 - 5% Cu2O obtained through sol-gel method and 45% SiO2 - 22.5% CaO - 22.5 Na2O - 5% P2O5 - 5% Cu2O obtained by melting. In order to study their bioactivity, the three compositions were structural analyzed by X-ray diffraction method. In this case the apatite formation was highlighted after soaked in simulated body fluid, but also other compounds (CaCO3 and CuO) resulting from the same process were observed. In case of the melting glass apatite formation has not been highlighted. The functional groups present in the structure of glasses before and after soaking (PO4
3−, CO3
2− and HO−) were highlighted by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The elemental chemical composition was confirmed by elemental analysis WD-XRF. The morphology of sol-gel glass powders was revealed by SEM analysis. All glass compositions were tested in terms of antibacterial activity in vitro.
Definition of the upper reference limit of glycated albumin in blood donors from Italy
Authors: Bellia Chiara , Zaninotto Martina , Cosma Chiara , Agnello Luisa , Lo Sasso Bruna , Bivona Giulia , Plebani Mario , Ciaccio Marcello 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background:
Glycated Albumin (GA) has been proposed as a short-term indicator of glycemic homeostasis. The aim of this study is to describe the distribution of GA in a large sample of blood donors from Italy to evaluate whether demographic features, namely age and sex, could influence GA levels and define specific reference limits.

Methods:
The study included 1334 Italian blood donors. GA was measured using an enzymatic method (quantILab Glycated Albumin, IL Werfen, Germany). The upper reference limit (URL) was calculated using the non-parametric percentile method.

Results:
A modest, although significant, increase of GA was observed in relation to age (p<0.001), especially in males, where the differences were more pronounced (p<0.001 in males, p=0.003 in females). Slight differences were documented based on sex (12% [11.3–12.8] in males; 12.2% [11.4–13.1] in females; p=0.01). After excluding individuals with fasting plasma glucose ≥7 mmol/L, the calculated GA URL was 14.5% (95% CI: 14.3–14.7). Subjects with GA>14.5% presented a mean age of 48.4±12.2 years, 66.7% were males and the mean glucose was 6.88±2.5 mmol/L.

Conclusions:
GA in Caucasians shows a similar increasing trend at older ages documented in other ethnicities. The definition of the URL in this population could be useful for both clinical studies, which will clarify the role of GA for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes, and will encourage the introduction of GA in clinical practice.
Gender, the Nigerian Civil War and Hard Choices: Nihilism or Absurdism (?) in Isidore Okpewho’s The Last Duty
Authors: Nwachukwu Chukwuka Ogbu , Nwachukwu Urama Evelyn 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This paper entitled “Gender, the Nigerian Civil War and Hard Choices: Nihilism or Absurdism(?) in Isidore Okpewho’s The Last Duty” evinces an evaluative excursion into the author’s delineation of gender in war and its concomitants regarding actions, inactions, and the mindset of the actors and the acted-upon (victims) of the fratricidal Nigerian conflict within a designated theatre. We demonstrated that the quantum impact of the war engages some near-totally nihilistic imperatives of the war. Nevertheless, we surmised, at the final count, that the war results in high-wire tension rather than erode the indices for hope regarding the war victims and victimizers alike; and by dangerous extension, the Nigerian nation. Although we conceded the presence of dystopia which is life-threatening and socially destabilizing, our calculation in the final analysis, is that the tensions generated against both genders in the war are essentially absurdist, not nihilist. In this vein of analysis, we concluded that Okpewho’s delineation retains deliberately enough rays for reconstructive, rehabilitative, regenerative and cohesive engagements that will pave the way for societal survival and continuity.
Faulkner’s Quixotic Picaresque: Carnival, Tricksters, and Rhizomatic Intertextuality in The Reivers
Authors: Beek David E. S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Faulkner’s The Reivers exemplifies the Quixotic Picaresque-a conflation of the narrative modes exhibited in Lazarillo de Tormes and Miguel de Cervantes’s Don Quixote. This essay explores the correlation between Spain’s transition from feudalism to a modern mercantile society and the United States’ transition from an agrarian society based on slavery to a modern industrial nation within the cultural contexts of these novels. In each of these works, a series of trickster figures undertake performative acts of deception, particularly the masking tradition of Carnival, in order to endure the hardships of modernity. However, whereas most tricksters tend to be solely focused on pragmatic individual objectives, quixotic pícaros maintain a sense of idealism that leads them to consider the Other and thus act in the name of communal prosperity. These selfless tricksters meta-theatrically parody the generic social conventions in which they reside in order to subvert the hegemony that seeks to oppress and marginalise them and fellow members of their communities. In performing an array of identities and social roles, these quixotic pícaros contribute to the opacity of modern multicultural nation-states, and thus, disrupt all social hierarchies leading to the regeneration of the public body, mobility, and a more utopian world.
Evaluation of the Impact of Transient Disturbances on Railway Signaling Systems Using an Adapted Time-Frequency Analysis Method
Authors: Kousri Mohamed Raouf , Deniau Virginie , Heddebaut Marc , Baranowski Sylvie 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
As many other industrial environments, the railway electromagnetic environment is characterized by a large number of electromagnetic signals and disturbances. Among these, transient signals, with high energy level and wide frequency spectrum, represent an important threat to different signaling subsystems. In this paper, a new methodology dedicated to the detection and the characterization of the transient disturbances is presented. Based on a flexible and adjustable time-frequency analysis, this methodology is used to evaluate the impact of transient disturbances on a ground-to-train radio communication. A test bench was developed in order to validate the results of this evaluation.
Spectrum Allocation Policy in Elastic Optical Networks
Authors: Olszewski Ireneusz 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The considered problem covers routing and spectrum allocation problem (RSA problem) in Elastic Optical Networks while maintaining the spectrum continuity constraints, non-overlapping spectra constraints for adjacent connections on individual links of the network and spectrum contiguity constraints of the connection. In this article the modified version of the First Fit spectrum slot allocation policy for Fixed Alternate Routing in flexible optical networks has been proposed. The Fixed Alternate Routing with proposed spectrum allocation policy rejects fewer requests, provides less bandwidth blocking probability and less spectrum fragmentation than Fixed Alternate Routing with well-known First Fit and Exact Fit spectrum allocation policies. However, the cost of improving these parameters is a higher computational complexity of the proposed allocation policy.