bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRÁCTICAS SOCIALES EN TORNO A LA INCLUSIÓN DE LA DISCAPACIDAD SENSORIAL EN ESCUELAS PÚBLICAS DE COPIAPÓ DE CHILE
Authors: LERÍA DULČIĆ FRANCISCO , SALGADO ROA JORGE , SALGADO ROA JORGE , ALMONTE OSSANDÓN INGEBORG , ALMONTE OSSANDÓN INGEBORG , VEGA TORRES MARÍA , VEGA TORRES MARÍA , VÉLIZ GONZÁLEZ MARISOL , VÉLIZ GONZÁLEZ MARISOL 
Published: December 2016

El objetivo del estudio es describir las prácticas sociales que el Estado, las escuelas y familias elaboran para abordar la inclusión de la discapacidad sensorial visual y auditiva en el contexto educativo de la ciudad de Copiapó. Participaron expertos en temáticas de inclusión sensorial, profesores y familias de niños y jóvenes con alguna discapacidad sensorial. Se realizó desde un enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo, incorporando algunas de las fases analíticas propuestas por el método de la Teoría Fundamentada, utilizando entrevistas, observaciones participantes y análisis de documentos. Se concluyó que los informantes claves consideran la inclusión educativa deficiente en lo que respecta a los recursos materiales, acceso físico al establecimiento, recursos técnicos, humanos e infraestructura de los dispositivos educacionales. De esta manera existiría una distancia entre lo que declara el Estado chileno (leyes y decretos) y sus planes y programas, así como también entre lo que realiza la unidad educativa del establecimiento y lo que entienden las familias por inclusión al sistema educativo.
L'enfant-objet de préoccupations hygiéniques : évolution d'une figure de l'enfant dans les textes officiels de l'école maternelle française (19e–20e siècles)
Authors: Leroy Ghislain 
Published: December 2016

De 1829 à 1921, le rapport hygiénique à l'enfant jouit d'une grande légitimité dans les textes prescriptifs des écoles maternelles et des salles d'asile. De 1969 à 1986, l'approche psychologique de l'enfant progresse dans ces textes. Puis, à partir de 1986, un autre changement s'y opère : l'approche scolaire de l'enfant remplace peu à peu l'approche psychologique de ce dernier. Corrélativement, de 1969 à 1986, puis de 1986 à nos jours, le rapport hygiénique à l'enfant se voit redéfini dans ces textes. Ces évolutions curriculaires pourraient éclairer certaines pratiques contemporaines.
Book Reviews
Authors: Peterlini Hans Karl , Brydon-Miller Mary 
Published: December 2016

Thomas Leitch (2014) Wikipedia U: Knowledge, Authority, and Liberal Education in the Digital Age
Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 164 pp., ISBN: 978-1-4214-1535-2Catherine Etmanski, Budd L. Hall and Teresa Dawson (eds) (2014)
Learning and Teaching Community-based Research: Linking Pedagogy to Practice
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 352 pp., ISBN: 978-1-4426-1257-0
Diagnostic accuracy of motor evoked potentials to detect neurological deficit during idiopathic scoliosis correction: a systematic review
Authors: Thirumala Parthasarathy D. , Crammond Donald J. , Loke Yoon K. , Cheng Hannah L. , Huang Jessie , Balzer Jeffrey R. 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative transcranial motor evoked potential (TcMEP) monitoring in predicting an impending neurological deficit during corrective spinal surgery for patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS).

METHODS
The authors searched the PubMed and Web of Science database for relevant lists of retrieved reports and/or experiments published from January 1950 through October 2014 for studies on TcMEP monitoring use during IS surgery. The primary analysis of this review fit the operating characteristic into a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve model to determine the efficacy of intraoperative TcMEP-predicted change.

RESULTS
Twelve studies, with a total of 2102 patients with IS were included. Analysis found an observed incidence of neurological deficits of 1.38% (29/2102) in the sample population. Of the patients who sustained a neurological deficit, 82.8% (24/29) also had irreversible TcMEP change, whereas 17.2% (5/29) did not. The pooled analysis using the bivariate model showed TcMEP change with sensitivity (mean 91% [95% CI 34%–100%]) and specificity (mean 96% [95% CI 92–98%]). The diagnostic odds ratio indicated that it is 250 times more likely to observe significant TcMEP changes in patients who experience a new-onset motor deficit immediately after IS correction surgery (95% CI 11–5767). TcMEP monitoring showed high discriminant ability with an area under the curve of 0.98.

CONCLUSIONS
A patient with a new neurological deficit resulting from IS surgery was 250 times more likely to have changes in TcMEPs than a patient without new deficit. The authors' findings from 2102 operations in patients with IS show that TcMEP monitoring is a highly sensitive and specific test for detecting new spinal cord injuries in patients undergoing corrective spinal surgery for IS. They could not assess the value of TcMEP monitoring as a therapeutic adjunct owing to the limited data available and their study design.
Microsurgical and endoscopic approaches to the pulvinar
Authors: Akiyama Osamu , Matsushima Ken , Gungor Abuzer , Matsuo Satoshi , Goodrich Dylan J. , Shane Tubbs R. , Klimo Paul , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. , Arai Hajime , Rhoton Albert L. 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVEApproaches to the pulvinar remain challenging because of the depth of the target, surrounding critical neural structures, and complicated arterial and venous relationships. The purpose of this study was to compare the surgical approaches to different parts of the pulvinar and to examine the efficacy of the endoscope as an adjunct to the operating microscope in this area.METHODSThe pulvinar was examined in 6 formalin-fixed human cadaveric heads through 5 approaches: 4 above and 1 below the tentorium. Each approach was performed using both the surgical microscope and 0° or 45° rigid endoscopes.RESULTSThe pulvinar has a lateral ventricular and a medial cisternal surface that are separated by the fornix and the choroidal fissure, which wrap around the posterior surface of the pulvinar. The medial cisternal part of the pulvinar can be further divided into upper and lower parts. The superior parietal lobule approach is suitable for lesions in the upper ventricular and cisternal parts. Interhemispheric precuneus and posterior transcallosal approaches are suitable for lesions in the part of the pulvinar forming the anterior wall of the atrium and adjacent cisternal part. The posterior interhemispheric transtentorial approach is suitable for lesions in the lower cisternal part and the supracerebellar infratentorial approach is suitable for lesions in the inferior and medial cisternal parts.The microscope provided satisfactory views of the ventricular and cisternal surfaces of the pulvinar and adjacent neural and vascular structures. The endoscope provided multi-angled and wider views of the pulvinar and adjacent structures.CONCLUSIONSA combination of endoscopic and microsurgical techniques allows optimal exposure of the pulvinar.
Multiple-hook fixation in revision spinal deformity surgery for patients with a previous multilevel fusion mass: technical note and preliminary outcomes
Authors: Liu Ning , Wood Kirkham B. 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE
A previous multilevel fusion mass encountered during revision spinal deformity surgery may obscure anatomical landmarks, making instrumentation unworkable or incurring substantial blood loss and operative time. This study introduced a surgical technique of multiple-hook fixation for fixating previous multilevel fusion masses in revision spinal deformity surgeries and then evaluated its outcomes.

METHODS
Patients with a previous multilevel fusion mass who underwent revision corrective surgery down to the lumbosacral junction were retrospectively studied. Multiple hooks were used to fixate the fusion mass and linked to distal pedicle screws in the lumbosacral-pelvic complex. Radiological and clinical outcomes were evaluated.

RESULTS
The charts of 8 consecutive patients with spinal deformity were retrospectively reviewed (7 women, 1 man; mean age 56 years). The primary diagnoses included flat-back deformity (6 cases), thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis (1 case), and lumbar spondylosis secondary to a previous scoliosis fusion (1 case). The mean follow-up duration was 30.1 months. Operations were performed at T3/4–ilium (4 cases), T7–ilium (1 case), T6–S1 (1 case), T12–S1 (1 case), and T9–L5 (1 case). Of 8 patients, 7 had sagittal imbalance preoperatively, and their mean C-7 plumb line improved from 10.8 ± 2.9 cm preoperatively to 5.3 ± 3.6 cm at final follow-up (p = 0.003). The mean lumbar lordosis of these patients at final follow-up was significantly greater than that preoperatively (35.2° ± 12.6° vs 16.8° ± 11.8°, respectively; p = 0.005). Two perioperative complications included osteotomy-related leg weakness in 1 patient and a stitch abscess in another.

CONCLUSIONS
The multiple-hook technique provides a viable alternative option for fixating a previous multilevel fusion mass in revision spinal deformity surgery.
Dramatic radiographic response resulting in cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea associated with sunitinib therapy in recurrent atypical meningioma: case report
Authors: Raheja Amol , Colman Howard , Palmer Cheryl A. , Couldwell William T. 
Published: December 2016

Sunitinib is a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic, cytostatic, and antimigratory activity for meningiomas. A recent clinical trial of sunitinib for treatment of recurrent Grade II and III meningiomas suggested potential efficacy in this population, but only 2 patients exhibited significant radiographic response with tumor volume reduction. The authors illustrate another such case and discuss a complication related to this dramatic tumor volume reduction in aggressive skull base meningiomas.The authors describe the case of a 39-year-old woman who had undergone repeat surgical interventions and courses of radiotherapy over the previous 11 years for recurrent cranial and spinal meningiomas. Despite 4 operations over the course of 4 years on her right petroclival meningioma with cavernous sinus and jugular fossa extensions, she had progressive neurological deficits and tumor recurrences. The specimen histology progressed from WHO Grade I initially to Grade II at the time of the third recurrence. The lesion was then irradiated 3 times using stereotactic radiosurgery for further recurrences. More recently, the tumor size increased rapidly on imaging, in association with progressive neurological symptoms arising from brainstem compression and vasogenic edema. Institution of sunitinib therapy yielded a dramatic radiographic response, with marked reduction in the tumor volume and reduction of brainstem vasogenic edema within a few weeks of initiation of treatment. The significant radiographic response of tumor in the clival region was also associated with CSF rhinorrhea from a dural breach created by resolution of the invasive skull base meningioma, which necessitated withholding the sunitinib medication. To address the leak, the authors undertook surgical exploration and transsphenoidal packing using an autologous fat graft and a vascularized pedicled nasoseptal flap. The patient has done well during follow-up of 3 months after packing, with no evidence of recurrent CSF leak, and the medication was subsequently restarted.Prior clinical data and the dramatic radiographic response in this patient suggest that sunitinib holds promising therapeutic potential in carefully selected patients with recurrent atypical meningiomas where conventional strategies have been exhausted. There is a potential risk of associated CSF rhinorrhea, especially in more invasive skull base lesions showing dramatic radiographic response.
Preoperative transdural collateral vessels in moyamoya as radiographic biomarkers of disease
Authors: Storey Armide , Michael Scott R. , Robertson Richard , Smith Edward 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE
The prevalence of angiographically evident preoperative transdural collateral vessels in moyamoya is not well documented. The authors hypothesized that transdural collaterals could be used as radiographic biomarkers of disease, and that their presence is associated with more advanced moyamoya arteriopathy at diagnosis, which is a harbinger of more frequent operative complications and a predictor of better long-term angiographic results following surgery.

METHODS
The study consists of a single-institution case series of patients with moyamoya who underwent pial synangiosis between 2005 and 2013.

RESULTS
Moyamoya was diagnosed in a total of 204 patients (n = 121 [59%] female, 83 [41%] male); the average age at surgery was 9.5 years (range 0.4–35 years). Radiographically, 154 (75%) had bilateral disease for a total of 308 affected hemispheres; 152 (75%) had radiographic stroke; and 190 (93%) had “ivy sign” on FLAIR MRI, indicating slow flow. Of the 358 hemispheres, 324 were treated operatively. On preoperative angiography, 107 patients (52%) had transdural collaterals in 176 affected hemispheres (49%). The Suzuki stage was higher in patients with collaterals (3.4 vs 3.0, p = 0.002). Of 324 treated hemispheres, 84 (26%) had collaterals within the surgical field. Complications included 12 strokes (3.7% stroke rate/hemisphere), with 5 (42%) directly attributable to interruption of transdural collaterals. On 1-year postoperative arteriograms available in 222 hemispheres, Matsushima grades trended better in patients with preoperative collaterals (1.5 vs 1.8 [A = 1, B = 2, C = 3]; p < 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS
Transdural collaterals are present in nearly half of all preoperative arteriograms in patients with moyamoya. These collaterals are more common in advanced disease, are associated with stroke as a perioperative complication, and may suggest increased capacity to produce surgical collaterals postoperatively. These data support the utility of preoperative arteriography.
Comparison of osteotomy technique and jig type in completion of distal femoral osteotomies for correction of medial patellar luxation
Authors: Piras Lisa , Peirone Bruno , Fox Derek , Olimpo Matteo 
Published: December 2016

SummaryObjectives: Femoral osteotomies are frequently completed to correct malalignment associated with patellar luxation. The objectives of this study were to compare the use of: 1) two different types of jig; and 2) different types of osteotomy in the realignment of canine femoral bone models which possessed various iterations of angular deformity.Methods: Models of canine femora possessing distal varus, external torsion and a combination of varus and torsion underwent correction utilizing two alignment jigs (Slocum jig and Deformity Reduction Device) and either a closing wedge ostectomy (CWO) or an opening wedge osteotomy (OWO). Post-correctional alignment was evaluated by radiographic assessment and compared between groups.Results: The use of the Slocum jig resulted in frontal plane overcorrection when used with CWO in models of femoral varus, and when used with OWO in models of femoral varus and external torsion when compared to other techniques. The Deformity Reduction Device tended to realign the frontal plane closer to the post-correction target value in all angulation types. The use of both jigs resulted in undercorrection in the transverse plane in models with varus and torsion.Clinical significance: Jig selection and osteotomy type may lead to different post-correctional alignment results when performing distal femoral osteotomies. Whereas OWO allows accurate correction when used with either jig to address frontal plane deformities, the Deformity Reduction Device can be utilized with both CWO and OWO to correct torsion-angulation femoral deformities to optimize frontal plane alignment.
Distal femoral lateral closing wedge osteotomy as a component of comprehensive treatment of medial patellar luxation and distal femoral varus in dogs
Authors: Brower Barry , Peruski Ann , Pozzi Antonio , Dyce Jonathan , Johnson Kenneth , Boudrieau Randy , Kowaleski Michael 
Published: December 2016

SummaryObjective: To describe a cohort of dogs with medial patellar luxation managed with a distal femoral lateral closing wedge ostectomy (DFO) as a component of comprehensive treatment, and to report radiographic and long-term clinical outcome of this technique.Methods: Medical records of dogs that had a lateral closing wedge DFO as part of management of medial patellar luxation at three veterinary teaching hospitals were reviewed. Surgical reports as well as the preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up radiographs were reviewed. The anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA) was determined. Long-term clinical outcome was assessed by telephone interview with the owner.Results: A lateral closing wedge DFO was performed on 66 limbs. The mean pre- and postoperative aLDFA was 107.6° ± 5.8° and 94.1° ± 4.2°, respectively. Cranial cruciate ligament disease was identified in 28/66 affected limbs. Tibial angular deformity, torsional deformity, or both was identified in nine of the 66 limbs. Ostectomy healing was confirmed radiographically in 51/66 limbs. The mean time to union was 73 ± 37 days. All patellae were in the normal position and stable. Complications included infection (2/51), fixation failure (1/51), delayed healing (2/51), and persistent lameness (1/51).Clinical significance: In this cohort of cases, DFO was a highly successful and repeatable component of surgical treatment for dogs with medial patellar luxation associated with femoral varus. This study also provides more evidence of the high rate of concurrent cranial cruciate ligament disease in cases of medial patellar luxation complicated by fe-moral varus, and supports an association between stifle instability and medial patellar luxation.
On the Presuppositional Behavior of Coherence-Driven Pragmatic Enrichments
Authors: Kehler Andrew , Cohen Jonathan 
Published: December 2016

When interpreting a sentence such as Every time the company fires an employee who comes in late, a union complaint is lodged, an addressee is likely to infer that the union will only complain when an employee is fired because he came in late. One is thus led to ask why a purely pragmatic enrichment of this sort -- one drawn despite no risk of interpretative failure nor other linguistic mandate -- would intrude upon truth conditions. We argue that this effect results from the interaction among three pragmatic phenomena: presupposition, the associative mechanisms that underlie the establishment of coherence in discourse, and the calculation of domain restriction for quantificational operators. Because the analysis does not consider the operative enrichments to be species of implicature, we claim that such cases do not represent an intrusion of implicature into truth-conditional content. Instead, they merely involve the context-dependent determination of quantificational domains.
OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF BALLISTIC DOWNFLOWS IN AN M-CLASS FLARE WITH THE INTERFACE REGION IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH
Authors: Brannon Sean R. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Despite significant advances in instrumentation, there remain no studies that analyze observations of on-disk flare loop plasma flows covering the entire evolution from chromospheric evaporation, through plasma cooling, to draining downflows. We present results from an imaging and spectroscopic observation from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) of the SOL2015–03–12T11:50:00 M-class flare, at high spatial resolution and time cadence. Our analysis of this event reveals initial plasma evaporation at flare temperatures indicated by 100–200 km s−1 blueshifts in the Fe xxi line. We subsequently observe plasma cooling into chromospheric lines (Si iv and O iv) with ∼11 minute delay, followed by loop draining at ∼40 km s−1 as indicated by a “C”-shaped redshift structure and significant (∼60 km s−1) non-thermal broadening. We use density-sensitive lines to calculate a plasma density for the flare loops, and estimate a theoretical cooling time approximately equal to the observed delay. Finally, we use a simple elliptical free-fall draining model to construct synthetic spectra, and perform what we believe to be the first direct comparison of such synthetic spectra to observations of draining downflows in flare loops.
A MONTE CARLO STUDY OF FLUX RATIOS OF RAMAN SCATTERED O vi FEATURES AT 6825 AND 7082 Å IN SYMBIOTIC STARS
Authors: Lee Young-Min , Lee Dae-Sub , Chang Seok-Jun , Heo Jeong-Eun , Lee Hee-Won , Hwang Narae , Park Byeong-Gon , Lee Ho-Gyu 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Symbiotic stars are regarded as wide binary systems consisting of a hot white dwarf and a mass losing giant. They exhibit unique spectral features at 6825 and 7082 Å, which are formed via Raman scattering of O vi
λλ 1032 and 1038 with atomic hydrogen. We adopt a Monte Carlo technique to generate the same number of O vi
λ1032 and λ1038 line photons and compute the flux ratio

of these Raman scattered O vi features formed in neutral regions with a simple geometric shape as a function of H i column density N
H i
. In cylindrical and spherical neutral regions with the O vi source embedded inside, the flux ratio

shows an overall decrease from 3 to 1 as N
H i
increases in the range

. In cases of slab geometry and other geometries with the O vi source outside the H i region, Rayleigh escape operates to lower the flux ratio considerably. For moderate values of

the flux ratio behaves in a complicated way to exhibit a broad bump with a peak value of 3.5 in the case of a sphere geometry. We find that the ratio of Raman conversion efficiencies of O vi
λλ 1032, 1038 ranges from 0.8 to 3.5. Our high resolution spectra of “D” type HM Sge and “S” type AG Dra obtained with the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope show that the flux ratio

of AG Dra is significantly smaller than that of HM Sge, implying that “S” type symbiotics are characterized by higher N
H i
than “D” type symbiotics.
TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY OF CrH (X 6Σ+) AND AlH (X 1Σ+)
Authors: Halfen D. T. , Ziurys L. M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
New laboratory measurements of hydrides have been carried out using terahertz direct absorption spectroscopy. Spin components of the

transition of the free radical CrH (X
6Σ+) have been recorded in the range 730–734 GHz, as well as a new measurement of the

line of AlH (X
1Σ+) near 755 GHz. Both species were created in an AC discharge of H2, argon, and metal vapor. For CrH, the chromium source was Cr(CO)6, while AlH was produced from Al(CH3)3. The

and

fine-structure components were recorded for CrH, each which consists of resolved proton hyperfine doublets. For AlH, the two main quadrupole components,

and

, of the

transition were observed as blended features. These data were analyzed with previous

millimeter/submillimeter measurements with 6Σ and 1Σ Hamiltonians for chromium and aluminum hydrides, respectively, and rotational, fine-structure (CrH only), and hyperfine constants were derived. The new measurements have resulted in refined spectroscopic parameters for both species, as well as direct measurement of the respective

rotational transitions. This work also resolves a 10 MHz discrepancy in the frequency of the AlH line. CrH and AlH have already been observed in the photospheres of stars via their electronic transitions. These data will facilitate their discovery at submillimeter/terahertz wavelengths in circumstellar envelopes and perhaps in diffuse clouds.