bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who’s in Control? Job Creation Co-Operatives in a Capitalist Economy
Authors: Mellor Mary , Hannah Janet , Stirling John 
Published: June 2017

In Britain a new generation of worker co-operatives have emerged that differ from earlier phases of co-operative development in that they have been formed primarily to create jobs in response to the high level of unemployment. All the major political parties favour co-operative development and co-operative support organisations of various kinds have been set up at local and national level. This paper argues that such ‘job creation’ co-operatives and the organisations that support them have come under great pressure to prioritise job creation as against the formulation of effective and secure co-operative structures. This pressure arises because the policies surrounding co-operative development have not taken account of the severe economic pressures the co-operatives face and the consequent effect upon their ability to sustain the co-operative principles of ownership and control of the business by the people who work in it. In the light of the specific needs and problems of the new generation of worker co-operatives the paper argues that the concepts of co-operative ownership and control need to be reassessed, in particular in relation to membership. The distinction between a co-operative and a collective is also re-evaluated together with the need for co-operative structures to be replicated in other aspects of the local community.
Qualifications to Political Business Cycle Models
Authors: Garratt Dean 
Published: June 2017

The paper analyses the principal four model types that comprise the political business cycle literature. Political business cycle models can be classified according to the political motivations of opportunism and ideology as well as by the nature of the expectations that individuals are assumed to hold. Using this classification we pay particular attention to the underlying assumptions of the models. The paper concludes that a satisfactory model while incorporating the possibility of both ideological and opportunistic behaviour must also consider the appropriate indicator to which government reacts. Any errors within the article are wholly mine and should be addressed as should all welcome comments to myself at the Public Sector Economics Research Centre, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
An Approach to Scientific Economics
Authors: Chan N. Patrick 
Published: June 2017

An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to improve scientific reliability. Economics encompasses all fields, and is governed by both natural law and human law. Universally valid relationships can be derived from the human law (e.g. on banking) to complement those of natural science. The approach is illustrated by experiments that demonstrate reliable logical relationships in human behaviour and important characteristics defining money. Science cannot predict the future, but universally valid relationships apply reliably to hypothetical circumstances. “Though we may be uncertain as to the storms that may blow, we can design to best withstand those storms we elect to define”.
Towards a New Paradigm: from Resource Economics to Bioeconomics
Authors: Mohammadian Mansour 
Published: June 2017

There are some problems such as global warming, ozone depletion and acid rain that are due to non-linear interactions arising from the impact of the human socioeconomic activity system upon nature’s biological system. These interface problems are complex and accumulative but more importantly they suffer from the element of uncertainty. Attempts have been made to resolve these problems through several economy-environment disciplines starting with Natural Resource Economics and evolving to Environmental Economics and Ecological Economics. Although each has contributed a little nevertheless none has been encompassing enough to provide satisfactory solutions for the multitude of economic, environmental and ethical requirements. Bioeconomics, Biological Economics (Mohammadian, 1980) is thus proposed which is an innovative paradigm arising from the synthesis of biology with economics. Bioeconomics draws on the superior scientific rationale of Biology to provide Economics with a scientific foundation to resolve the interactive problems. This synthesis is very necessary because while the socioeconomic system is dominated by competition, waste and mismanagement the domain of biology is ruled by synergism, cooperation and recycling. Bioeconomics is moreover an interdisciplinary and biocentric discipline and as such can act as a post-modern science bellwethering the promotion of the culture of synthesis. Also due to its diverse and powerful scientific foundation it can act as a template for a theoretical and an operational model for sustainability.
Study of Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Visual Acuity
Authors: Harazin Barbara 
Published: June 2017

A new method of determination of visual acuity for studying biomechanical and physiological reaction of man on vertical whole-body vibration was used in several experiments. Visual acuity was ascertained by measuring the maximum distance of clear vision of black and white square field contours having a side of 1 mm and arranged in chessboard with total area of 1 cm2. This method allowed to measure among others the effects of the following vibration parameters and exposures on vision performance: vibration frequencies, acceleration levels, time duration and intermitnt exposures. In the short time exposures to vibration the visual acuity depended on both frequency and the magnitude vibration. In long time exposures lasting longer than 30 minutes the temporary threshold shift (TTS) of visual acuity was observed.
Phyllotactic Patterns for Domes
Authors: Linden Frank M. J. Van Der 
Published: June 2017

The naked eye misleads us, when we wish to understand geometry and patterns in Nature. The basis of visible natural structures lies in the repeated application of very simple procedures [1],[2],[3]. If we want to work in harmony with Nature, our technicity should strive to work according to her ways and to her rules. In growth, we can distinguish expanding and stacking. In many organisms, we observe a relatively smooth overall expanding. In the contrary, in the snail house, material is added only on the outside. Plants show patterns in the placement of appendages. The author found a very simple algorithm, that leads to these phyllotactic patterns [4]. The Dislodgement Model explains phyllotaxis via an inversion from expanding to stacking. This inversion is allowed, while plants follow the rules of gnomonic growth [5], Now, we have a tool to reproduce natural stackings. The section 'Basic principles for the arrangement of units' in the present article is a revised version of part of 'Creating Phyllotaxis: The Dislodgement Model' [4].
Membranes for Spatial Structures
Authors: Karni Eyal 
Published: June 2017

'Membrane Structures' are modern structures which enjoy spatial geometry as well as combined advanced materials – in order to roof or enclose certain area or volume. Membrane Structures are normally applied to light-weight structures designed for public use such as: indoor sport facilities, shading in open grounds, pavilions, car parks, markets and fairgrounds, storage facilities, water tanks' covers and military structures. Some of these structures may be retractable or moving structures while others are fixed. Such structures vary in size, span, supporting systems and insulation demands. They could be built in various areas according to different construction codes concerning wind pressure, snow loads etc. The present market offers a variety of fabrics' products. One may find fabrics which vary in size, weight, breaking strength, resistance to flex cracking, flame and tear propagation, as well as durability and guarantee given by the manufacturer. Designers when approaching the problem of choosing the appropriate membrane to suit specific project's demands, – face a complicated decision-making problem. This article is meant to provide designers with description of membranes' characteristics and design objectives accompanied by a computerized decision-making model. Such tool and information would support designers and potential clients and lead them to proper matching of the appropriate fabric to a specific project at hand.
Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood of Cats: Technique and Normal Values
Authors: Gilmore Charley E. , Gilmore Virginia H. , Jones T. C. 
Published: June 2017

Examination of bone marrow and peripheral blood is necessary to diagnose and study many diseases affecting the hematopoietic system of cats. A simplified technique for obtaining marrow from cats, modified from a previously reported method, employs local anesthesia and minimal restraint. Skin and periosteum over the iliac crest are anesthetized with 2% procaine; a 3/4-inch, 18 gauge needle with short beveled point and seated stylet is introduced into the ilium through a small skin incision. Marrow is aspirated with a syringe and smears are made directly. Wright and Giemsa stains are used and 500 nucleated cells are differentiated. Average differential values on marrow from 15 clinically normal cats were: rubriblast 1.2%, prorubricyte 2.8%, rubricyte 16.1%, metarubricyte 18.2%, (total erythrocytic cells, 38.4%), myeloblast 1.1%, progranulocyte 2.8%, neutrophil myelocyte 5.9%, eosinophil myelocyte 0.3%, neutrophil metamyelocyte 15.0%, eosinophil metamyelocyte 0.2%, neutrophil band 14.7%, eosinophil band 0.3%, neutrophil segmenter 14.0%, eosinophil segmenter 1.3% (total myelocytic cells, 55.6%), lymphocytes 5.1%, plasma cells 0.5%, reticulum cells 0.3%. The average myeloid: erythroid ratio was 1.6:1. Peripheral blood for determining hematocrits (PCV), total leukocyte counts (WBC) and differential leukocyte counts on the same animals was obtained by puncturing the marginal ear vein. Average values for these determinations were: PCV 37%, WBC 15,250/cmm., segmenters (neutrophil) 59%, bands (neutrophil) 4%, eosinophils 6%, lymphocytes 27%, monocytes 3%. Terminology used to classify the cells described and illustrated in this report is that recommended by the Committee for Clarification of the Nomenclature of Cells and Diseases of the Blood and Blood-Forming Organs.
A Hepatogenous Photosensitivity Disease of Cattle: I. Experimental Production and Clinical Aspects of the Disease
Authors: Glenn B. L. , Monlux A. W. , Panciera R. J. 
Published: June 2017

A hepatogenous photosensitivity disease of cattle caused by feeding of flood damaged alfalfa hay was investigated under experimental conditions. The clinical aspects of the hay-induced disease were characterized and compared with the photosensitization caused by surgically-induced biliary obstruction. The majority of animals which were fed the hay and all those with ligated bile ducts developed photosensitivity which was regularly accompanied by icterus. Lesions of photosensitization were quite variable in degree of severity among individual animals but were essentially identical in both the hay-induced and surgically-induced disease. In all except the severely affected animals skin lesions were confined to those areas not protected by pigment or dense hair coat. Mild lesions developed in some heavily pigmented areas of severely affected animals where the hair was especially short or thin. The climatic conditions under which the alfalfa hay developed toxicity and the similarity of the disease syndrome to that of “facial eczema” in New Zealand suggest that the two diseases may be caused by a hepatotoxin of similar nature and origin.
Process Simulation in Thermoset Composites for Cure Response and Stress Prediction
Authors: Mohan Raja , Grentzer Thomas H. 
Published: June 2017

A process simulation model was developed to predict the cure response and temperature gradients that occur in composite laminates during fabrication. Manufacturing processes for corrosion resistant composites can be designed using the model. A one-dimensional heat transfer analysis was used to simulate composite cure. Cure response factors such as the lay-up process, temperature boundary conditions, and the heat generated due to exothermic reaction were considered. The predicted temperature and resin cure gradients can be used to determine residual stresses that cause cracking. The cure kinetic response and resin shrinkage of a vinyl ester resin were characterized. The effect of partial resin cure caused by low curing temperatures was included in the kinetics model. A computer program was developed to predict the cure response in composite laminates. Temperature response predictions agreed well with results obtained from experiments on a composite nozzle. The process model was used to study the effect of laminate thickness, ambient temperatures, and air cooling on laminate cure response. Residual stresses in the nozzle due to cure temperatures were determined using finite element analysis.
Clinical Applications of the 532-nm Diode Laser for the Treatment of Facial Telangiectasia and Pigmented Lesions: Literature Review, History, and Discussion of Clinical Experience
Authors: Niamtu Joseph 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Facial telangiectasias are common lesions resulting from multiple factors. Multiple therapies and devices have been used for the treatment of facial telangiectasia with varied success and complication rates. The 532-nm diode (diode-pumped, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG) laser is compared with other laser and nonlaser modalities for the office-based cosmetic surgery practice. Materials and Methods: This article provides a literature review and examines the history of laser treatment of facial telangiectasia and the evolution of modern laser therapy. Clinical experience is also detailed in the treatment of facial telangiectasia and pigmented lesions. Results: 532-nm diode lasers are lightweight, extremely portable systems that are effective in the treatment of facial telangiectasia and various pigmented lesions. When compared to other popular modalities and laser wavelengths, the 532-nm diode laser can successfully treat facial telangiectasia and some pigmented facial lesions with less chance of collateral tissue damage and resultant complications. Discussion: The 532-nm diode laser is representative of technological innovations that enable small, lightweight, and affordable lasers to be used by the office-based cosmetic surgeon. Distinct advantages are evident when it is compared with other wavelength lasers. Because of the smaller spot size and depth of penetration, this laser also has treatment limitations; however, it provides a welcomed addition to the armamentarium for the surgeon treating facial ectatic and pigmented lesions. Conclusion: Because of its demonstrated clinical effectiveness, ease of use, and lack of resultant purpura, as well as affordability and portability, this laser is well suited for the office-based cosmetic practice.
Phenformin Induced Lactic Acidosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gong William C. , Kato Donald B. 
Published: June 2017

A case report of a patient who developed lactic acidosis following a phenformin overdose is presented. The patient was successfully treated by intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate and did not have any further problems. A review of the literature concerning phenformin induced lactic acidosis, treatment modalities and a discussion of the mechanisms involved is presented.
Comparative Stability of Antibiotic Admixtures in Minibags and Minibottles
Authors: Dinel B. A. , Ayotte D. L. , Behme R. J. , Black B. L. , Whitby J. L. 
Published: June 2017

With the increasing use of minibags/minibottles in intravenous admixture programs for the intermittent intravenous administration of antibiotics, a need existed for comparative stability data on these relatively concentrated unit-dose admixtures. Most admixture stability studies have involved the use of large volume infusions. Accordingly, a study was conducted to determine the stability of minibag/minibottle admixtures of frequently prescribed antibiotics. Test samples were obtained for all admixtures prepared in minibags/minibottles containing 0.9 percent normal saline and 5 percent dextrose in water and stored at 5–6 C° and 21–23 C° over a 24-hour period. All antibiotic admixtures were analyzed by a quantitative microbiological assay using an agar-gel diffusion technique. Determinations of pH were also conducted on all test samples. No significant difference in antibiotic stability was observed between minibags or minibottles. Cephalothin sodium, gentamicin sulfate, carbenicillin disodium, erythromycin gluceptate, penicillin G potassium, cefazolin sodium, rolitetracycline base and cloxacillin sodium were found to be sufficiently stable for 24-hours under the test conditions. Ampicillin sodium in a 2 percent concentration was found to be stable for 24-hours when prepared in 0.9 percent normal saline and stored at 5 C° or 21 C°. It was not possible to correlate changes in pH with antibiotic activity.
Benchmarking Sustainability: Study of Initiatives towards Triple Bottom Line by Indian Public Sector Enterprises
Authors: Oberoi Roopinder 
Published: June 2017

The triple bottom line (TBL) has become one of the main rallying cries for businesses trying to address sustainability. There is a paradigm shift happening with corporate responsibility and sustainable development (SD) by the corporates slipping away from ‘zone of voluntariness’ and ‘getting gripped by debate on accountability and benchmarking’. The new environmental and social standards developed locally and globally have turned sustainability into a ‘cost of entry’ for businesses. Implementing sustainability in a top-down fashion leads to a central focus on government in managing and regulating for corporate sustainability. Reich ( 1998 ) argues that the government should act as arbiter of business responsibility in society. Governments that lead as exemplar will be in a stronger position to set the agenda and establish advanced positions for their industries and their citizens. This article focuses on the role of governments in endorsing corporate sustainability, while making a note of the impact of promoting sustainability in the Indian central public sector. It asks very straight questions—How far is it working in practice? Are their tangible changes happening with corporates leading towards TBL? Are corporate serious of developing sustainability metrics and appreciating the need for standardised approaches? The article in the first section explores some of the conceptual issues in the TBL to deal with sustainability. Then, it looks at the recently promulgated Sustainable Development Guidelines for Central Public Sector Enterprises in India (2013) and the ways in which these actions can be tracked to demonstrate and reveal the contribution and commitment of the business entities in shaping a sustainable growth path for the nation. The case of two prominent central public sector enterprises (CPSEs) was undertaken to study their coverage and application towards the implementation of government guidelines on sustainable development (SD). Both these companies fall under the categorisation of extractive industries. The extractive industries face a special need for such trust, given the massive long-term investments that they undertake in countries. The study indicates that these two companies have engaged in serious efforts to embed sustainability in their corporate strategy and are equally transparent in their reporting patterns. Their reports on triple bottom line parameters are comprehensive and externally assured. The institutionalisation of sustainability benchmarking within the DNA of government enterprises will go a long way in mandating sustainability practices for other businesses. Data for the article was collected through secondary sources, via government websites, policy document by Ministry of Corporate Affairs, corporate websites, newspapers and scholarly papers. From these sources, specific examples of achieved outcomes were identified and considered.
Cautious Citizenship: The Deterring Effect of Immigration Issue Salience on Health Care Use and Bureaucratic Interactions among Latino US Citizens
Authors: Pedraza Franciso I. , Nichols Vanessa Cruz , LeBrón Alana M. W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractResearch shows that health care use among Latino immigrants is adversely affected by restrictive immigration policy. A core concern is that immigrants shy away from sharing personal information in response to policies that expand bureaucratic monitoring of citizenship status across service-providing organizations. This investigation addresses the concern that immigration politics also negatively influences health care utilization among Latino US citizens. One implication is that health insurance expansions may not reduce health care inequities among Latinos due to concern about exposure to immigration law enforcement authorities. Using data from the 2015 Latino National Health and Immigration Survey, we examine the extent to which the politics of immigration deters individuals from going to health care providers and service-providing institutions. Results indicate that Latino US citizens are less likely to make an appointment to see a health care provider when the issue of immigration is mentioned. Additionally, Latino US citizens who know someone who has been deported are more inclined to perceive that information shared with health care providers is not secure. We discuss how cautious citizenship, or risk-avoidance behaviors toward public institutions in order to avoid scrutiny of citizenship status, informs debates about reducing health care inequities.
Re-examining the role of Cdc14 phosphatase in reversal of Cdk phosphorylation during mitotic exit
Authors: Powers Brendan L. , Hall Mark C. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) and reversal of Cdk phosphorylation are universally required for mitotic exit. In budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Cdc14 is essential for both and thought to be the major Cdk-counteracting phosphatase. However, Cdc14 is not required for mitotic exit in many eukaryotes, despite highly conserved biochemical properties. The question of how similar enzymes could have such disparate influences on mitotic exit prompted us to re-examine the contribution of budding yeast Cdc14. By using an auxin-inducible degron, we show that severe Cdc14 depletion has no effect on the kinetics of mitotic exit and bulk Cdk substrate dephosphorylation, but causes a cell separation defect and is ultimately lethal. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that Cdc14 is highly selective for distinct Cdk sites in vivo and does not catalyze widespread Cdk substrate dephosphorylation. We conclude that additional phosphatases likely contribute substantially to Cdk substrate dephosphorylation and coordination of mitotic exit in budding yeast, similar to in other eukaryotes, and the critical mitotic exit functions of Cdc14 require trace amounts of enzyme. We propose that Cdc14 plays very specific, and often different, roles in counteracting Cdk phosphorylation in all species.