bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic depolymerization of a typical lignite for improving tar yield by Co and Zn catalyst
Authors: Liang Litong , Huai Juntian , Zhang Qian , Liu Jianwei , Huang Wei , Zhang Zhonglin , Hao Xiaogang , Guan Guoqing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA novel process for improving tar yield through catalytic depolymerization of a typical lignite was put forward. The catalytic depolymerization of the lignite over CoCl2 and ZnCl2 catalyst in different concentrations were investigated by a Gray-King apparatus. The optimal catalyst concentrations of CoCl2 and ZnCl2 catalyst that could obtain the highest tar yield was achieved, by which the tar yield increased about 20.3% and 6.6% compared with that of the raw coal, respectively. Different with the traditional catalytic pyrolysis process for which the tar yield decreased, more tar was produced by the catalytic depolymerization method. The GC × GC-MS analysis showed that the components of alkanes and two-ring aromatics in tar increased dramatically with the addition of the optimal CoCl2 and ZnCl2 catalyst. The Raman measurement revealed that more large aromatic ring systems ( > 6 rings) were formed in the char from depolymerization with catalyst and the elemental analysis showed that the hydrogen content decreased slightly. The gas products analysis reflected the contents of methane showed an obvious decrease. All of this reflects that more fragments and small free radicals cracked were enhanced by catalysis in the catalytic depolymerization process, thereby leading to an enhancement of the tar formation possibilities.
Catalytic hydrolysis of carbonyl sulphide and carbon disulphide over Fe2O3 cluster: Competitive adsorption and reaction mechanism
Authors: Ning Ping , Song Xin , Li Kai , Wang Chi , Tang Lihong , Sun Xin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe competitive adsorption and reaction mechanism for the catalytic hydrolysis of carbonyl sulphide (COS) and carbon disulphide (CS2) over Fe2O3 cluster was investigated. Compared with experimental results, the theoretical study was used to further investigate the competitive adsorption and effect of H2S in the hydrolysis reaction of COS and CS2. Experimental results showed that Fe2O3 cluster enhanced the catalytic hydrolysis effect. Meanwhile, H2S was not conducive to the hydrolysis of COS and CS2. Theoretical calculations indicated that the order of competitive adsorption on Fe2O3 is as follows: H2O (strong) >CS2 (medium) >COS (weak). In the hydrolysis process, the C=S bond cleavage occurs easier than C=O bond cleavage. The hydrolysis reaction is initiated via the migration of an H-atom, which triggers C=S bond cleavage and S–H bond formation. Additionally, we find the first step of CS2 hydrolysis to be rate limiting. The presence of H2S increases the reaction energy barrier, which is not favourable for COS hydrolysis. Fe2O3 can greatly decrease the maximum energy barrier, which decreases the minimum energy required for hydrolysis, making it relatively facile to occur. In general, the theoretical results were consistent with experimental results, which proved that the theoretical study was reliable.
Sofosbuvir (SOF) Suppresses Ledipasvir (LDV)-resistant Mutants during SOF/LDV Combination Therapy against Genotype 1b Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Authors: Brown Ashley N. , Liu Lin , Rodriquez Jaime L. , Zhao Lisa , Schuster Layla , Li Eric , Wang Gary P. , Neely Michael N. , Yamada Walter , Drusano George L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOur objective was to identify drug interactions between ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF) against a genotype 1b replicon to determine optimal exposures for each agent that will maximize antiviral activity against susceptible and drug-resistant subpopulations. LDV and SOF were evaluated using a fully factorial experimental design in the BelloCell system. Replicon levels and drug-resistant variants were quantified at various times post-therapy for 14 days and a high-dimensional mathematical model was fit to the data. Mutations associated with SOF resistance were not detected; but LDV-resistant mutants were selected and mutant subpopulations increased as exposure intensity increased. Combination therapy was additive for the total replicon population and the LDV-resistant population, but a threshold concentration of 100 ng/ml of SOF must be attained to suppress LDV-resistant subpopulations. These novel findings hold important implications for not only improving therapeutic outcomes, but also maximizing the clinical utility of LDV and SOF combination regimens.
Efficient feeding geometries for rectenna design at 2.45 GHz
Authors: Ahmed S. , Zakaria Z. , Husain M.N. , Ibrahim I.M. , Alhegazi A. 
Published: October 2017

Efficient feeding geometries for rectenna design at 2.45 GHz are described. The proposed rectenna consists of two layers low cost FR‐4 substrates in which circular polarisation and harmonic rejection properties are embedded. A voltage doubler rectifier with open stub matching network and the radial stub is designed at the bottom substrate to transform the ac signals to a dc voltage. A right triangular slot is designed in the ground plane to suppress second and third harmonics which improves the rectenna conversion efficiency to 75.043% at an input power of 20 dBm. The proposed rectenna design has the advantages of providing circular polarisation and harmonic rejection with a compact size and low cost which makes it a good candidate for microwave power transmission applications.
Compact four‐element SRR‐loaded dual‐band MIMO antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/WiFi/4G‐LTE and 5G applications
Authors: Sarkar D. , Srivastava K.V. 
Published: October 2017

A four‐element dual‐band MIMO configuration consisting of split‐ring resonator (SRR)‐loaded inverted L‐monopole antenna elements is realised. In the proposed antenna, the lower‐frequency mode of the unloaded MIMO configuration merges with one SRR‐induced antenna resonance. This leads to antenna operation around 2.93 GHz with wide impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 35.21%, encompassing the lower WLAN, worldwide interoperability for microwave access, wireless fidelity, fourth generation (4G)‐long‐term evolution and sub‐6 GHz 5G bands. Furthermore, due to SRR loading, the proposed MIMO antenna exhibits a resonance at 5.68 GHz (IBW 6.86%), covering the upper WLAN band. Minimum inter‐element isolation of 14 dB is achieved, in spite of the compact total area (, λ0 = highest operating wavelength) and the presence of inter‐connected ground plane. Both the working bands exhibit directional radiation patterns with average gain . Experiments on the fabricated antenna prototype confirm that the simulated and measured S‐parameters, radiation patterns (envelope‐correlation coefficient, channel capacity loss and total active reflection coefficient) are in good agreement.
Probable Association of Hearing Loss, Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly
Authors: Meneses-Barriviera Caroline , Bazoni Jéssica , Doi Marcelo , Marchiori Luciana 
Published: October 2017

Introduction The aging process causes changes in body structure in a continuous manner, and contributes to clinical disorders. Life expectancy is increasing, especially in developing countries.
Objective To assess the prevalence of hearing loss and its possible association with hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the elderly.
Methods A cross-sectional study with 519 elderly individuals aged over 60 years who underwent an audiological evaluation (pure tone audiometry), and answered a comorbidity questionnaire that included questions about age, gender, tinnitus and medical history, with data concerning DM. The dependent variable was the presence of hearing loss. The independent variables were age, gender, DM and hypertension. The variables were presented in absolute numbers and proportions, and enabled us to estimate the prevalence. The statistical analysis was performed through multiple logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals and values of p < 0.05 for the hearing loss and its associated factors.
Results A total of 519 subjects of both genders with a median age of 69 years were evaluated, and the individuals who did not attend the audiometric test were excluded from the study, so the final sample was composed of 498 subjects. Sensorineural hearing loss was more prevalent (66.26%) of most frequently with bilateral hearing loss of 91.56% and 26.50% with mild degree. The statistical analysis showed that the variable DM was associated with the high frequency of hearing loss in the elderly, and according to the multiple logistic regression, the risk factors are independent of the hearing loss only for age and exposure to occupational noise.
Conclusions There was a statistically significant difference between hearing loss at high frequencies and the risk factors, that is, age and DM.
Cathepsin D Polymorphism C224T in Childhood-Onset Neurodegenerative Disorders: No Impact for Childhood Dementia
Authors: Ohlenbusch Andreas , Jung Klaus , Steinfeld Robert , Gärtner Jutta , Kettwig Matthias 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCompromised lysosomal functioning has been identified as a major risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Furthermore, the association between a defined cathepsin D (CTSD) polymorphism and a higher risk of sporadic Alzheimer's disease has been established for particular populations. Here, we analyzed 189 children with rare neurodegenerative disease for carrying the T-allele by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. We found no statistical differences in genotype and allele frequencies between the neurodegenerative group and European descent participants of genetic studies using the Cochran–Armitage's trend test. In contrast to adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases, analysis of clinical datasets of children carrying the T-allele did not demonstrate differences to the general disease group.
Die 100 meistzitierten Studien der Glaukomforschung: eine bibliometrische Analyse
Authors: Frings Andreas , Kromer Robert , Ueberschaar Julian , Druchkiv Vasyl , Schargus Marc 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bibliometrische Studien sind statistische und quantitative Analysen, die Merkmale von Publikationen in einem Forschungsfeld darstellen und deren Auswirkungen analysieren. Die 100 meistzitierten Studien der Glaukomforschung werden in dieser Arbeit bibliometrisch untersucht.
Material und Methoden Alle themenrelevanten, zwischen 1900 und Dezember 2016 publizierten, Studien zur Glaukomforschung, wurden mithilfe der Datenbanken des Instituts für wissenschaftliche Information identifiziert. Bei den 100 meistzitierten Publikationen wurden folgende Parameter erfasst: Name der Zeitschrift, 1. Erscheinungsjahr der Zeitschrift, Erst- und Letztautor der Studie, Publikationsdatum, geografische Lokalisation der Studie, Gesamtzahl der Zitierungen, Gesamtzitationsrate (Gesamtzitationen/Alter der Publikation), aktuelle Zitationsrate (Anzahl der Zitierungen im Jahr 2015), Hauptforschungsgegenstand (Glaukomchirurgie, medizinische Behandlung, Diagnostik, Epidemiologie oder Grundlagenwissenschaft) und Evidenzgrad der Studie.
Ergebnisse Die Publikationsdaten der 100 meistzitierten Publikationen reichte von 1966 – 2011, die meisten dieser Studien wurden in den 1990er-Jahren veröffentlicht. Die Gesamtzahl der Zitierungen pro Studie betrug 258 – 1908 und alle Studien wurden in 18 ophthalmologischen Fachzeitschriften veröffentlicht. Die führenden Herkunftsländer waren die USA, gefolgt vom UK. Hauptforschungsgegenstand der klinischen Studien waren Diagnostik und Epidemiologie. Die Anzahl der Zitierungen war am größten für Publikationen aus den 2000er-Jahren. Die meisten Studien hatten ein Level-III-Evidenzniveau, gefolgt von einem Level-I- und Level-II-Evidenzniveau.
Schlussfolgerung Die meistzitierten Studien der Glaukomforschung wurden in nur 3 Fachzeitschriften veröffentlicht. Epidemiologie und Diagnostik waren am häufigsten klinischer Hauptforschungsgegenstand und Autoren mit mehreren Publikationen zeigten einen Fokus auf diese beiden Bereiche. Die meisten Studien wurden in den USA durchgeführt, in amerikanischen Zeitschriften publiziert und waren klinische Studien mit Evidenzniveau Level III. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass auch kleine Fallreihen oder Kohortenstudien Aufmerksamkeit erregen konnten.
Insulin und andere injizierbare Antidiabetika richtig verabreichen
Authors: Liersch Jutta 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungIn Zeiten sich rasant wandelnder technologischer Möglichkeiten zur Feststellung der aktuellen Glukosewerte – von der kapillaren Blutglukosemessung hin zu deren „Real-time“-Bestimmung im interstitiellen Gewebe – bleibt die subkutane Verabreichung von Insulin eine der Herausforderungen für eine erfolgreiche Diabetestherapie.
Wer macht mit? Zur Repräsentativität einer Elternbefragung im Rahmen der Schuleingangsuntersuchung.
Authors: Wahl Stefanie , Müller-Thur Kathrin , Dragano Nico , Weyers Simone 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel In einer Studie zur Evaluation von Präventionsangeboten wurde untersucht, welchen Erfolg die Rekrutierung von Familien in schwierigen sozio-ökonomischen Lebenslagen während Routinedatenerhebungen wie der Schuleingangsuntersuchung (SEU) hat.
Methodik Die Eltern wurden mit einem dreistufigen Rekrutierungsverfahren für die Befragung gewonnen. Die Rücklaufquote der Gesamterhebung und der einzelnen Rekrutierungsstufen wurde berechnet. Nicht-Teilnehmer und Teilnehmer wurden nach vier Indikatoren für schwierige Lebenslagen verglichen.
Ergebnisse 52% der Eltern nahmen an der Studie teil. Die Rekrutierungsstufe ‚Fragebogen mit Einladung zur SEU‘ brachte eine Rücklaufquote von 21%, ‚persönliche Ansprache im Gesundheitsamt‘ 28% und ‚Rückumschlag nach Hause‘ 4%. Familien mit niedriger Bildung gehörten häufiger zu den Nicht-Teilnehmern (multivariates Odds Ratio (OR) 2,2; 95%-Konfidenzintervalle (KI) 1,3–3,6). Bei erwerbslosen Familien (OR 1,4; KI 0,6–3,2), Alleinerziehenden (OR 1,0; KI 0,6–1,8) und Familien mit Migrationshintergrund (OR 1,0; KI 0,7–1,5) unterschieden sich die Nicht-Teilnahme und Teilnahme geringfügig.
Schlussfolgerung Die Rücklaufquote war zufriedenstellend. Die persönliche Überreichung der Fragebögen erzielte die höchste Rücklaufquote gegenüber alternativen Ansprachen. Elternbefragungen bei der SEU sind ein vielversprechender Zugang zu Familien in schwierigen sozio-ökonomischen Lebenslagen, wobei Familien mit niedriger Bildung unterrepräsentiert bleiben.
Modeling and replicating statistical topology and evidence for CMB nonhomogeneity
Authors: Adler Robert J. , Agami Sarit , Pranav Pratyush 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceUnder the general heading of “topological data analysis” (TDA), the recent adoption of topological methods for the analysis of large, complex, and high-dimensional data sets has established that the abstract concepts of algebraic topology provide powerful tools for data analysis. However, despite the successes of TDA, most applications have lacked formal statistical veracity, primarily due to difficulties in deriving distributional information about topological descriptors. We present an approach, Replicating Statistical Topology (RST), which takes the most basic descriptor of TDA, the persistence diagram, and, using models based on Gibbs distributions and Markov chain Monte Carlo, provides replications of it. These allow for formal statistical hypothesis testing, without requiring costly, or perhaps intrinsically unavailable, replications of the original data set.
Three-dimensional mesostructures as high-temperature growth templates, electronic cellular scaffolds, and self-propelled microrobots
Authors: Yan Zheng , Han Mengdi , Shi Yan , Badea Adina , Yang Yiyuan , Kulkarni Ashish , Hanson Erik , Kandel Mikhail E. , Wen Xiewen , Zhang Fan , Luo Yiyue , Lin Qing , Zhang Hang , Guo Xiaogang , Huang Yuming , Nan Kewang , Jia Shuai , Oraham Aaron W. , Mevis Molly B. , Lim Jaeman , Guo Xuelin , Gao Mingye , Ryu Woomi , Yu Ki Jun , Nicolau Bruno G. , Petronico Aaron , Rubakhin Stanislav S. , Lou Jun , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Thornton Katsuyo , Popescu Gabriel , Fang Daining , Sweedler Jonathan V. , Braun Paul V. , Zhang Haixia , Nuzzo Ralph G. , Huang Yonggang , Zhang Yihui , Rogers John A. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Exploiting advanced 3D designs in micro/nanomanufacturing inspires potential applications in various fields including biomedical engineering, metamaterials, electronics, electromechanical components, and many others. The results presented here provide enabling concepts in an area of broad, current interest to the materials community––strategies for forming sophisticated 3D micro/nanostructures and means for using them in guiding the growth of synthetic materials and biological systems. These ideas offer qualitatively differentiated capabilities compared with those available from more traditional methodologies in 3D printing, multiphoton lithography, and stress-induced bending––the result enables access to both active and passive 3D mesostructures in state-of-the-art materials, as freestanding systems or integrated with nearly any type of supporting substrate.
Crystal structures of Mmm1 and Mdm12–Mmm1 reveal mechanistic insight into phospholipid trafficking at ER-mitochondria contact sites
Authors: Jeong Hanbin , Park Jumi , Jun Youngsoo , Lee Changwook 
Published: October 2017

Significance
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms membrane contact sites (MCSs) with other organelles such as mitochondria, endosomes, and peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells. The MCS plays a pivotal role in exchanging cellular materials such as ions and lipids. More importantly, nonvesicular lipid trafficking occurring at the ER-mitochondria MCS is essential for the biogenesis of the mitochondrial membrane. In yeast, the ER-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) complex comprising the ER proteins Mmm1 and cytosolic Mdm12 and the mitochondria proteins Mdm34 and Mdm10 provides a tethering force between the ER and the mitochondria and mediates lipid trafficking. Here, we present two crystal structures of Mmm1 and the Mdm12–Mmm1 complex. Based on these structures, we propose the model by which the Mdm12–Mmm1 complex contributes to phospholipid trafficking at the ER-mitochondria MCS.
Twenty-five years of mTOR: Uncovering the link from nutrients to growth
Authors: Sabatini David M. 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceThe mechanisms that regulate organismal growth and coordinate it with the availability of nutrients were unknown until a few decades ago. We now know that one pathway—the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway—is the major nutrient-sensitive regulator of growth in animals and plays a central role in physiology, metabolism, the aging process, and common diseases. This work describes the development of the mTOR field, from its origins in studies into the mechanism of action of the drug rapamycin to our increasingly sophisticated understanding of how nutrients are sensed.
Definitive screening design enables optimization of LC–ESI–MS/MS parameters in proteomics
Authors: Aburaya Shunsuke , Aoki Wataru , Minakuchi Hiroyoshi , Ueda Mitsuyoshi 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In proteomics, more than 100,000 peptides are generated from the digestion of human cell lysates. Proteome samples have a broad dynamic range in protein abundance; therefore, it is critical to optimize various parameters of LC–ESI–MS/MS to comprehensively identify these peptides. However, there are many parameters for LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis. In this study, we applied definitive screening design to simultaneously optimize 14 parameters in the operation of monolithic capillary LC–ESI–MS/MS to increase the number of identified proteins and/or the average peak area of MS1. The simultaneous optimization enabled the determination of two-factor interactions between LC and MS. Finally, we found two parameter sets of monolithic capillary LC–ESI–MS/MS that increased the number of identified proteins by 8.1% or the average peak area of MS1 by 67%. The definitive screening design would be highly useful for high-throughput analysis of the best parameter set in LC–ESI–MS/MS systems.
A proof of the shuffle conjecture
Authors: Carlsson Erik , Mellit Anton 
Published: October 2017

We present a proof of the compositional shuffle conjecture by Haglund, Morse and Zabrocki [Canad. J. Math., 64 (2012), 822–844], which generalizes the famous shuffle conjecture for the character of the diagonal coinvariant algebra by Haglund, Haiman, Loehr, Remmel, and Ulyanov [Duke Math. J., 126 (2005), 195–232]. We first formulate the combinatorial side of the conjecture in terms of certain operators on a graded vector spaceV∗V_*whose degree zero part is the ring of symmetric functionsSym⁡[X]\operatorname {Sym}[X]overQ(q,t)\mathbb {Q}(q,t). We then extend these operators to an action of an algebraA~\tilde {\mathbb A}acting on this space, and interpret the right generalization of the∇\nablausing an involution of the algebra which is antilinear with respect to the conjugation(q,t)↦(q−1,t−1)(q,t)\mapsto (q^{-1},t^{-1}).
The art of bonding: informational capital in Dutch green urban citizens’ initiatives
Authors: van Dam Rosalie , Salverda Irini , Hassink Jan , Vaandrager Lenneke , Wentink Carlijn 
Published: October 2017

AbstractToday’s western society is characterized by a transition towards self-organization by citizens in communities. Increasingly, societal problems are addressed by groups of citizens who take action to find concrete solutions. A second feature of western society is that it is an information society in which information and communication play a key role. In this paper, we analyse how these two societal trends come together at the community level. Applying a relational and contingent perspective to how green urban citizens’ initiatives develop, we look into the role of information in their interactions with other people, organizations and institutions. We analyse the mechanisms whereby information plays a role in the citizens’ initiatives. This leads to the conclusion that informational capital is fundamental to the realization of citizens’ initiatives and that informational capital is generated, identified, used and enlarged through the relational strategies of bonding, bridging and linking. It is a process that works in both ways and reinforces citizens’ initiatives.
Competition for the fish – fish extraction from the Baltic Sea by humans, aquatic mammals, and birds
Authors: Hansson Sture , Bergström Ulf , Bonsdorff Erik , Härkönen Tero , Jepsen Niels , Kautsky Lena , Lundström Karl , Lunneryd Sven-Gunnar , Ovegård Maria , Salmi Juhani , Sendek Dmitry , Vetemaa Markus 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSeals and fish-eating birds have increased in the Baltic Sea and there is concern that they compete with fisheries. Using data from around year 2010, we compare consumption of different fish species by seals and birds to the catch in the commercial and recreational fishery. When applicable this is done at the geographical resolution of ICES subdivisions. Predation by birds and mammals likely has limited impact on the populations of the commercially most important species (herring, sprat, and cod). In the central and southern Baltic, seals and birds consume about as much flatfish as is caught by the fishery and competition is possible. Birds and seals consume 2-3 times as much coastal fish as is caught in the fishery. Many of these species are important to the fishery (e.g. perch and whitefish) and competition between wildlife and the fishery is likely, at least locally. Estimated wildlife consumption of pike, sea trout and pikeperch varies among ICES subdivisions and the degree of competition for these species may differ among areas. Competition between wildlife and fisheries need to be addressed in basic ecosystem research, management and conservation. This requires improved quantitative data on wildlife diets, abundances and fish production.