bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedimentary records of mercury stable isotopes in Lake Michigan
Authors: Yin Runsheng , Lepak Ryan F. , Krabbenhoft David P. , Hurley James P. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) concentrations and Hg isotopic composition were investigated in three sediment cores in Lake Michigan (LM). Two cores were collected from Green Bay, a region heavily impacted by Hg contamination and one core from an offshore region of LM absent of direct point source Hg. Historical trends of Hg influxes suggest increased Hg deposition began in the 1890s in Green Bay and in the early 1800’s in offshore LM. Recently deposited sediment reflecting more anthropogenic influence shows similar δ202 Hg values (-1.0 to -0.5‰) for all three cores however, deep core sediments, reflecting pre-industrial eras, show much lower δ202Hg values (-1.7 to -1.2‰). Using a binary mixing model based on δ202Hg signatures, the proportion of anthropogenic Hg was estimated. Model output confirms that Green Bay is more contaminated by local point source than the offshore LM. An increase in positive Δ199Hg values (-0.02 to +0.27‰) was observed from inner Green Bay to the offshore of LM, which may indicate increased input of atmospheric Hg and decreased watershed inputs along this transect. Overall, this study suggests that sedimentary Hg isotopes maybe a useful tracer in understanding Hg sources and history of Hg contamination in large lakes.
Marrying medicine and materials: artemisinin (Qinghaosu) particle is soft enough for scratching hard SiC wafer in water
Authors: Zhu Yu-Rong , Zhang Dan , Zhang Fei-Hu , Gan Yang 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) single crystals, along with sapphire and silicon, are one of the most important substrates for high-brightness light-emitting diode fabrications. Owing to extremely high hardness (Mohs’ scale of 9.5) and chemical inertness, the polishing rate of SiC with conventional chemical mechanical polishing methods is not high, and surface scratches are also inevitable because of using slurry containing hard abrasives such as silica particles. Here artemisinin (Qinghaosu) crystals, very soft molecular solids, were found, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, to effectively polish SiC wafers even in pure water as demonstrated by proof-of-concept scratching experiments using atomic force microscopy. The underlying mechanism is attributed to activated oxidation of SiC by mechanically released reactive · OH free radicals from the endoperoxide bridges. The preliminary results reported here have important implications for developing novel alternative green and scratch-free polishing methods for hard-brittle substrates including SiC, diamond, and others.
MEDICAMENTOS ÓRFÃOS - DOENÇAS RARAS E A JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DA SAÚDE
Authors: Oliveira Anselmo Gomes de , Silveira Dâmaris 
Published: January 2016

A Justiça tem se tornado um dos caminhos utilizados mais comuns para resolver problemas de acesso a medicamentos; algumas vezes em fase de estudo experimental e sem registro no país e, em outras, medicamentos para tratamento de doenças específicas. No rol dos medicamentos mais polêmicos, envolvidos em processos judiciais, estão aqueles impostos ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), medicamentos de alto custo, medicamentos off label e medicamentos com eficácia questionável, principalmente para tratamento de doenças crônicas, como câncer, hepatites, diabetes, doenças raras, entre outras. Contudo, as intervenções do judiciário na área dos medicamentos não têm sido vistas pelos gestores da área da saúde como um caminho saudável na solução dos problemas, mas sim como um procedimento inadequado e disseminador de medicamentos muitas vezes não testados e cujas observações de eficácia não são de domínio de quem o prescreveu.Estima-se que 6-8% da população mundial sejam portadores de alguma doença rara; e no Brasil, aproximadamente 13 milhões de pessoas são portadores. No mundo são conhecidas cerca de 7 mil doenças raras, das quais 80% são de origem genética, 75% se manifestam na infância, e cerca de 95% delas ainda não possuem tratamento disponível. Essas parecem ser as principais razões que levam as pessoas a buscarem na justiça o direito ao acesso a muitos medicamentos, às vezes ainda não registrado no país.
EXPOSIÇÃO AO DIABETES GESTACIONAL: ALTERAÇÕES SOBRE OS PARÂMETROS DE ESTRESSE OXIDATIVO E ACÚMULO DE FERRO ESPLÊNICO EM RATOS
Authors: Lira Eduardo Carvalho , Santos Geórgia Maria Ricardo Félix dos , Silva José Jairo Teixeira da , Duarte Glória Isolina Boente Pinto , Aguiar Júnior Fracisco Carlos Almanajás de , Silva Cristina de Oliveira 
Published: January 2016

Estudos recentes têm associado um aumento do estresse oxidativo desencadeado pela hiperglicemia à sobrecarga de ferro, por mecanismos pouco conhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis de ferro esplênico, bem como os níveis de peroxidação lipídica e glutationa reduzida (GSH) na prole adulta de ratas com Diabetes gestacional (DG). O DG foi induzido no 7º dia de gestação em ratas Wistar com dose única de estreptozotocina. Fêmeas controles (ND) receberam veículo. A prole foi dividida em dois grupos: DG e ND. O perfil glicêmico da prole foi analisado pelo teste de tolerância à glicose intraperitoneal (TTGip). O estresse oxidativo foi avaliado através das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e níveis de GSH em tecido hepático. Para a quantificação do ferro esplênico, cortes histológicos foram analisados através da coloração de Perls. A prole DG apresentou uma menor tolerância à glicose aos seis meses de idade, o TTGip mostrou aumento da glicemia após 15 (p < 0,01) e 90 (p < 0,05) minutos comparado a prole ND. Os níveis de ferro esplênico foram elevados (p < 0,05) na prole DG, bem como os níveis de TBARS no fígado (p < 0,01). A concentração hepática da GSH foi reduzida (p < 0,01) quando comparada ao grupo ND. Os resultados mostram que a intolerância à glicose, os níveis elevados de ferro esplênico e de estresse oxidativo, bem como os níveis reduzidos de glutationa na prole DG podem estar associados ao desenvolvimento do diabetes e suas complicações na vida adulta.
PLANTAS MEDICINALES EMPLEADAS POR PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS EN PARAGUAY
Authors: Maidana Mabel , González Yenny , Degen de Arrúa Rosa 
Published: January 2016

Un gran porcentaje de la población mundial, utiliza plantas medicinales para hacer frente a sus necesidades de salud. En Paraguay se utiliza un gran número de especies vegetales con fines medicinales, para diferentes afecciones, entre ellas la diabetes. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar las plantas medicinales empleadas por pacientes que consultan el Programa Nacional de Diabetes, Centro de Salud Nº 9, de Asunción, que forma parte de un programa de Atención Farmacéutica, desarrollado dentro del marco de la Tesis Doctoral: “Evaluación de un programa de Atención Farmacéutica en paceintes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2”. Se realizaron encuestas a 61 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, que consultaron en el mencionado programa, entre octubre y diciembre del año 2011. De los 61 pacientes entrevistados, 17 eran hombres y 44 mujeres, la edad promedio fue de 55 años ± 10,6 años, el 45,9% vive en Asunción y 54,1% en diferentes ciudades del Departamento Central. El 78,1% utiliza plantas medicinales sin prescripción médica, el 18,8% no las utiliza y el 3,1% no contestó la pregunta. Los pacientes mencionaron 33 especies vegetales empleadas con fines medicinales. Las mismas se encuentran distribuidas en 25 familias, siendo la Asteraceae la familia mayormente representada con el 21,6%; la parte más utilizada es la hoja,(48,5%), la forma de empleo más reportada fue el tereré, bebida tradicional de Paraguay semejante al mate (infusión de yerba mate), pero frío; con el 51,5%. Las 5 especies más reportadas fueron: Moringa oleífera (Fabaceae); Artemisia absinthium, Tithonia diversifolia, Baccharis trimera y Stevia rebaudiana todas de la familia Asteraceae. Los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que emplean plantas medicinales, lo hacen de forma concomitante con medicamentos de síntesis, de los cuales el 47% son para el sistema cardiovascular, el 26% son antidiabéticos y el 17% para el sistema nervioso.
A INIBIÇÃO DO SISTEMA CONSERVANTE DE DUAS EMULSÕES O/A POR POLISSORBATO 80
Authors: Loiola Vasconcelos Thalles Yuri , Feitosa Medeiros Débora Patrícia , Do Nascimento Aristides Ávilo 
Published: January 2016

A inibição do crescimento de microrganismos devido ao efeito bacteriostático ou fungistático da formulação pode ocasionar um resultado falso-negativo na análise microbiológica. Assim, a avaliação da capacidade inibitória dos conservantes presentes nas amostras é fundamental para uma avaliação microbiológica eficaz. Os ensaios foram realizados com objetivo de comprovar a ausência do efeito inibitório no crescimento de microrganismos decorrente da atividade inibitória desses componentes. A inibição do efeito conservante da formulação foi realizada utilizando dois métodos: por adição de polissorbato 80 a 0,4 % e por diluição. Foram utilizados 10 g de cada amostra em 90 mL de salina a 0,9 %, resultando em uma diluição 1:10. Foi adicionado também polissorbato 80 a 0,4 % na solução salina com objetivo de neutralizar os parabenos e imidazolidinilureia nas formulações. A neutralização do efeito inibitório foi realizada usando polissorbato 80 a 0,4 % e da diluição 1:10. Foi observado o crescimento dos seguintes micro-organismos: Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium e Pseudomonas aeruginosa em todas as amostras e no controle positivo, significando a inativação do efeito inibitório das substâncias conservantes.
AVALIAÇÃO QUANTITATIVA DA DISPENSAÇÃO DE CONTRACEPTIVOS DE EMERGÊNCIA NA REGIÃO DE CURITIBA, PR, BRASIL, ENTRE 2012 E 2014
Authors: Oliveira Maria Izabel Cândido , Oliveira Vinícius Bednarczuk 
Published: January 2016

A contracepção de emergência é caracterizada pelo uso de um fármaco com administração oral contendo 1,5 mg do Levonorgestrel, um hormônio progestágeno sintético, usado nos casos onde há falha no método contraceptivo rotineiro, na relação sexual desprotegida, não planejada ou em casos de violência sexual. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar as taxas de vendas dos Contraceptivos de Emergência (CE), entre os anos de 2012 e 2014, em duas farmácias de dispensação, localizadas no Município de Curitiba (PR), sendo uma no bairro Pinheirinho e outra no bairro Xaxim. Observou-se que o uso dos CE vem aumentando gradativamente ao longo dos anos e que na primavera e no verão, principalmente no período de carnaval, há um pico nas vendas. Em 2014, houve um aumento nas vendas durante a Copa do Mundo realizada no Brasil nos meses de junho e julho. A farmácia do bairro Pinheirinho vendeu uma quantidade maior em relação à do Xaxim, o que pode estar relacionado ao seu tamanho e ao volume geral das vendas, à idade e ao grau de instrução da população, a fatores socioeconômicos e ao Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) do bairro menor se comparado ao bairro Pinheirinho. Pode-se concluir que o aumento gradativo na venda dos CE observado ao longo dos três anos em ambas as farmácias pode estar relacionado à falta de orientação no momento da dispensação, à escolha de outro método contraceptivo, sensação defalsa imunidade contra as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST), marketing e propagandas utilizadas em épocas festivase de estímulo à atividade sexual, além de fatores fisiológicos do próprio organismo da mulher.
Morphological, Cytological and Embryological Characterization of F1 A. cepa × A. roylei Hybrids
Authors: Chuda Alicja , Kłosowska Karolina , Adamus Adela 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In the previous study we obtained a population of interspecific F1 A. cepa × A. roylei hybrids. In this study, in comparison to the parental species: A. cepa and A. roylei, the F1 hybrids were evaluated in terms of plant morphology, pollen viability, microsporogenesis and female gametophyte. Most of the morphological characters of the F1 hybrids were intermediate as compared to those of both parental accessions. In pollen mother cells (PMCs) of the F1 hybrids abnormalities were observed in meiosis as well as at the tetrad stage. Pollen viability of F1 A. cepa × A. roylei hybrids was reduced to 30.1%. In the F1 hybrids, 45.8% of the analyzed ovules showed developmental disturbances, whereas in 26.7% of the ovules necrotic processes were observed.
Limits of Dideoxysequencing in the Detection of Somatic Mutations in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Jasek K , Buzalkova V , Szepe P , Plank L , Lasabova Z 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Detection of mutations in cancer is particularly important in terms of proper treatment and targeted therapy. The aim of this study was the comparison of two methods: allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and dideoxysequencing applied for the identification of BRAF gene mutations in wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumors (WT GISTs). We have optimized the conditions for the detection V600E mutation representing the c.1799 T>A substitution by AS-PCR and have used dideoxysequencing to verify our results. In nine cases, we were able to detect the mutation by AS-PCR approach; however, the mutations have been confirmed by dideoxysequencing in four cases only. AS-PCR is fast and low cost method for the detection of V600E mutation which was validated as a sensitive assay for the identification of the most common BRAF mutation in DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue of WT GISTs.
Effectiveness of SCADA Systems in Control of Green Sands Properties
Authors: Ignaszak Z. , Sika R. , Perzyk M. , Kochański A. , Kozłowski J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The paper undertakes an important topic of evaluation of effectiveness of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems, used for monitoring and control of selected processing parameters of classic green sands used in foundry. Main focus was put on process studies of properties of so-called 1st generation molding sands in the respect of their preparation process. Possible methods of control of this processing are presented, with consideration of application of fresh raw materials, return sand (regenerate) and water. The studies conducted in one of European foundries were aimed at pointing out how much application of new, automated plant of sand processing incorporating the SCADA systems allows stabilizing results of measurement of selected sand parameters after its mixing. The studies concerned two comparative periods of time, before an implementation of the automated devices for green sands processing (ASMS - Automatic Sand Measurement System and MCM – Main Control Module) and after the implementation. Results of measurement of selected sand properties after implementation of the ASMS were also evaluated and compared with testing studies conducted periodically in laboratory.
Structural Aspects of Remelting of the AZ91 Magnesium Alloy Surface Layer
Authors: Iwaszko J. , Strzelecka M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this study, modification of the AZ91 magnesium alloy surface layer with a CO2 continuous wave operation laser has been taken on. The extent and character of structural changes generated in the surface layer of the material was being assessed on the basis of both macro- and microscopy investigations, and the EDX analysis. Considerable changes in the structure of the AZ91 alloy surface layer and the morphology of phases have been found. The remelting processing was accompanied by a strong refinement of the structure and a more uniform distribution of individual phases. The conducted investigations showed that the remelting zone dimensions are a result of the process parameters, and that they can be controlled by an appropriate combination of basic remelting parameters, i.e. the laser power, the distance from the sample surface, and the scanning rate. The investigations and the obtained results revealed the possibility of an effective modification of the AZ91 magnesium alloy surface layer in the process of remelting carried out with a CO2 laser beam.
Effect of the Surface Layer of Iron Casting on the Growth of Protective Coating During Hot-Dip Galvanizing
Authors: Kopyciński D. , Guzik E. , Szczęsny A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The paper presents the results of investigations of the growth of protective coating on the surface of ductile iron casting during the hot-dip galvanizing treatment. Ductile iron of the EN-GJS-600-3 grade was melted and two moulds made by different technologies were poured to obtain castings with different surface roughness parameters. After the determination of surface roughness, the hot-dip galvanizing treatment was carried out. Based on the results of investigations, the effect of casting surface roughness on the kinetics of the zinc coating growth was evaluated. It was found that surface roughness exerts an important effect on the thickness of produced zinc coating.
Thermal Properties of Foundry Mould Made of Used Green Sand
Authors: Krajewski P.K. , Piwowarski G. , Buraś J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The paper presents results of measuring heat diffusivity and thermal conductivity coefficients of used green foundry sand in temperature range ambient − 600 °C. During the experiments a technical purity Cu plate was cast into the green-sand moulds. Basing on measurements of the mould temperature field during the solidification of the casting, the temperature relationships of the measured properties were evaluated. It was confirmed that the obtained relationships are complex and that water vaporization strongly influences thermal conductivity of the moulding sand in the first period of the mould heating by the poured and solidified casting.
Modeling of Melting and Resolidification in Domain of Metal Film Subjected to a Laser Pulse
Authors: Majchrzak E. , Mochnacki B. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Thermal processes in domain of thin metal film subjected to a strong laser pulse are discussed. The heating of domain considered causes the melting and next (after the end of beam impact) the resolidification of metal superficial layer. The laser action (a time dependent bell-type function) is taken into account by the introduction of internal heat source in the energy equation describing the heat transfer in domain of metal film. Taking into account the extremely short duration, extreme temperature gradients and very small geometrical dimensions of the domain considered, the mathematical model of the process is based on the dual phase lag equation supplemented by the suitable boundary-initial conditions. To model the phase transitions the artificial mushy zone is introduced. At the stage of numerical modeling the Control Volume Method is used. The examples of computations are also presented.
Computer-Aided Design of Steel Casting Taking into Account the Feeding Ability
Authors: Polyakov S. , Kuzyi O. , Korotschenko A. , Korovin V. , Bast J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A new Computer-Aided Design approach is introduced for design of steel castings taking into account the feeding ability in sand moulds. This approach uses the geometrical modeling by a CAD-program, in which the modul “Castdesigner” is implemented, which includes the feeding models of steel castings. Furthermore, the feeding ability is guaranteed immediately during the design by an interactive geometry change of the casting cross section, so that a directional feeding of the solidifying casting from the installed risers is assured.
Low Cycle Mechanical and Fatigue Properties of AlZnMgCu Alloy
Authors: Pysz S. , Czekaj E. , Żuczek R. , Maj M. , Piekło J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The article presents the analysis of properties of the high-strength AlZnMgCu (abbr AlZn) aluminium alloy and estimates possibilities of its application for responsible structures with reduced weight as an alternative to iron alloy castings. The aim of the conducted studies was to develop and select the best heat treatment regime for a 7xx casting alloy based on high-strength materials for plastic working from the 7xxx series. For analysis, wrought AlZnMgCu alloy (7075) was selected. Its potential of the estimated as-cast mechanical properties indicates a broad spectrum of possible applications for automotive parts and in the armaments industry. The resulting tensile and fatigue properties support the thesis adopted, while the design works further confirm these assumptions.
Effect of Sand Wetting on Physically Hardened Moulding Sands Containing a Selected Inorganic Binder. Part 1
Authors: Stachowicz M. , Granat K. , Pałyga Ł. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In the paper, an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of preliminary wetting of high-silica base during preparation of moulding sands containing a selected grade of sodium water-glass, designed for hardening by traditional drying or by electromagnetic microwaves at 2.45 GHz. In the research, some water was dosed during stirring the sandmix before adding 1.5 wt% of the binder that was unmodified sodium water-glass grade 137, characterised by high molar module within 3.2 to 3.4. Scope of the examinations included determining the effect of wetting the base on mechanical parameters like compression, bending and tensile strength, as well as on technological parameters like permeability, abrasion resistance and apparent density. The research revealed a significant positive effect of adding water to wet surfaces of high-silica base grains on mechanical properties and quality of moulding sands hardened by physical methods, in particular by microwave heating.
Sedimentation of Copper Droplets after their Coagulation and Growth. Laboratory Scale
Authors: Wołczyński W. , Bydałek A.W. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The suspension of copper droplets in the slag is considered. The copper/slug suspension is delivered as the product from the direct-to-blister process which is applied in the KGHM – Polska Miedź (Polish Copper) S.A. factory. The droplets / slag suspension was treated by a special set of reagents (patented by the authors) to improve the coagulation process. On the other hand, the observations are made to estimate if the melting / reduction process in the furnace is sufficiently effective to avoid a remaining of carbon in the copper droplets. The coagulation process was carried out in the crucible (laboratory scale). However, conditions imposed to the coagulation / solidification process in the laboratory scale were to some extent similar to those applied usually in the industry when the suspension is subjected to the analogous treatment in the electric arc-furnace. Some suggestions are formulated how to improve the industrial direct-to-blister process.
Formation of Al-alloyed Layer on Magnesium with Use of Casting Techniques
Authors: Mola R. , Bucki T. , Dziadoń A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Al-enriched layer was formed on a magnesium substrate with use of casting. The magnesium melt was cast into a steel mould with an aluminium insert placed inside. Different conditions of the casting process were applied. The reaction between the molten magnesium and the aluminium piece during casting led to the formation of an Al-enriched surface layer on the magnesium substrate. The thickness of the layer was dependent on the casting conditions. In all fabricated layers the following phases were detected: a solid solution of Mg in Al, Al3Mg2, Mg17Al12 and a solid solution of Mg in Al. When the temperature of the melt and the mould was lower (variant 1 – 670°C and 310°; variant 2 – 680°C and 310°C, respectively) the unreacted thin layer of aluminium was observed in the outer zone. Applying higher temperatures of the melt (685°C) and the mould (325°C) resulted in deep penetration of aluminium into the magnesium substrate. Areas enriched in aluminium were locally observed. The Al-enriched layers composed mainly of Mg-Al intermetallic phases have hardness from 187-256 HV0.1.