bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immigrant-Conscious Congregations: Race, Ethnicity, and the Rejection of Anti-Immigrant Frames
Authors: Brown R. Khari , Kaiser Angela , Rusch Lara , Brown Ronald E. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Using data collected between 2004 and 2008 from the National Politics Studies, this study explores the impact of race on the likelihood of attending worship settings that provide supportive services for and preach sermons about immigrants. It also considers the degree to which attending such worship settings associate with the perceptions that Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics hold of immigrants. We find that while Hispanics are more likely than Whites and Blacks to attend such “immigrant-conscious” congregations, attending such congregations more strongly correlates with Whites rejecting anti-immigrant frames and accepting positive frames than is the case for Blacks and Hispanics.
Total tanshinones exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through blocking TLR4 dimerization via the MyD88 pathway
Authors: Gao Hongwei , Liu Xin , Sun Wen , Kang Naixin , Liu Yanli , Yang Shilin , Xu Qiong-ming , Wang Chunming , Chen Xiuping 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTanshinones belong to a group of lipophilic constituents of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. A deluge of studies demonstrated that tanshinones exert anti-inflammatory effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear to date. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of total tanshinones (TTN). TTN suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in RAW264.7 cells, bone marrow-derived macrophages, and THP-1 cells. TTN attenuated the LPS-induced transcriptional activity of NF-κB and decreased IκB-α and IKK phosphorylation and NF-κB/p65 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, TTN inhibited the LPS-induced transcriptional activity of AP-1, which was induced by the reduction of JNK1/2, ERK1/2, and p38MAPK phosphorylation. TTN blocked LPS-induced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) dimerization, which consequently decreased MyD88 recruitment and TAK1 phosphorylation. In addition, TTN pretreatment effectively inhibited xylene-induced ear edema and LPS-induced septic death and improved LPS-induced acute kidney injury in mice. TTN exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo by blocking TLR4 dimerization to activate MyD88–TAK1–NF-κB/MAPK signaling cascades, which provide the molecular basis of the anti-inflammatory effect of Danshen and suggest that TTN is a potential agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
In vivo cation exchange in quantum dots for tumor-specific imaging
Authors: Liu Xiangyou , Braun Gary B. , Qin Mingde , Ruoslahti Erkki , Sugahara Kazuki N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn vivo tumor imaging with nanoprobes suffers from poor tumor specificity. Here, we introduce a nanosystem, which allows selective background quenching to gain exceptionally tumor-specific signals. The system uses near-infrared quantum dots and a membrane-impermeable etchant, which serves as a cation donor. The etchant rapidly quenches the quantum dots through cation exchange (ionic etching), and facilitates renal clearance of metal ions released from the quantum dots. The quantum dots are intravenously delivered into orthotopic breast and pancreas tumors in mice by using the tumor-penetrating iRGD peptide. Subsequent etching quenches excess quantum dots, leaving a highly tumor-specific signal provided by the intact quantum dots remaining in the extravascular tumor cells and fibroblasts. No toxicity is noted. The system also facilitates the detection of peritoneal tumors with high specificity upon intraperitoneal tumor targeting and selective etching of excess untargeted quantum dots. In vivo cation exchange may be a promising strategy to enhance specificity of tumor imaging.
Cellular and molecular synergy in AS01-adjuvanted vaccines results in an early IFNγ response promoting vaccine immunogenicity
Authors: Coccia Margherita , Collignon Catherine , Hervé Caroline , Chalon Aurélie , Welsby Iain , Detienne Sophie , van Helden Mary J. , Dutta Sheetij , Genito Christopher J. , Waters Norman C. , Van Deun Katrijn , Smilde Age K. , van den Berg Robert A. , Franco David , Bourguignon Patricia , Morel Sandra , Garçon Nathalie , Lambrecht Bart N. , Goriely Stanislas , van der Most Robbert , Didierlaurent Arnaud M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCombining immunostimulants in adjuvants can improve the quality of the immune response to vaccines. Here, we report a unique mechanism of molecular and cellular synergy between a TLR4 ligand, 3-O-desacyl-4’-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), and a saponin, QS-21, the constituents of the Adjuvant System AS01. AS01 is part of the malaria and herpes zoster vaccine candidates that have demonstrated efficacy in phase III studies. Hours after injection of AS01-adjuvanted vaccine, resident cells, such as NK cells and CD8+ T cells, release IFNγ in the lymph node draining the injection site. This effect results from MPL and QS-21 synergy and is controlled by macrophages, IL-12 and IL-18. Depletion strategies showed that this early IFNγ production was essential for the activation of dendritic cells and the development of Th1 immunity by AS01-adjuvanted vaccine. A similar activation was observed in the lymph node of AS01-injected macaques as well as in the blood of individuals receiving the malaria RTS,S vaccine. This mechanism, previously described for infections, illustrates how adjuvants trigger naturally occurring pathways to improve the efficacy of vaccines.
A Genome-Wide Identification of the WRKY Family Genes and a Survey of Potential WRKY Target Genes in Dendrobium officinale
Authors: He Chunmei , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Tan Jianwen , Zhang Jianxia , Pan Xiaoping , Li Mingzhi , Luo Jianping , Duan Jun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe WRKY family, one of the largest families of transcription factors, plays important roles in the regulation of various biological processes, including growth, development and stress responses in plants. In the present study, 63 DoWRKY genes were identified from the Dendrobium officinale genome. These were classified into groups I, II, III and a non-group, each with 14, 28, 10 and 11 members, respectively. ABA-responsive, sulfur-responsive and low temperature-responsive elements were identified in the 1-k upstream regulatory region of DoWRKY genes. Subsequently, the expression of the 63 DoWRKY genes under cold stress was assessed, and the expression profiles of a large number of these genes were regulated by low temperature in roots and stems. To further understand the regulatory mechanism of DoWRKY genes in biological processes, potential WRKY target genes were investigated. Among them, most stress-related genes contained multiple W-box elements in their promoters. In addition, the genes involved in polysaccharide synthesis and hydrolysis contained W-box elements in their 1-k upstream regulatory regions, suggesting that DoWRKY genes may play a role in polysaccharide metabolism. These results provide a basis for investigating the function of WRKY genes and help to understand the downstream regulation network in plants within the Orchidaceae.
The Arabidopsis defensin gene, AtPDF1.1, mediates defence against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum via an iron-withholding defence system
Authors: Hsiao Pao-Yuan , Cheng Chiu-Ping , Koh Kah Wee , Chan Ming-Tsair 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPlant defensins (PDFs) are cysteine-rich peptides that have a range of biological functions, including defence against fungal pathogens. However, little is known about their role in defence against bacteria. In this study, we showed that the protein encoded by ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA PLANT DEFENSIN TYPE 1.1 (AtPDF1.1) is a secreted protein that can chelate apoplastic iron. Transcripts of AtPDF1.1 were induced in both systemic non-infected leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana plants and those infected with the necrotrophic bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc). The expression levels of AtPDF1.1 with correct subcellular localization in transgenic A. thaliana plants were positively correlated with tolerance to Pcc, suggesting its involvement in the defence against this bacterium. Expression analysis of genes associated with iron homeostasis/deficiency and hormone signalling indicated that the increased sequestration of iron by apoplastic AtPDF1.1 overexpression perturbs iron homeostasis in leaves and consequently activates an iron-deficiency-mediated response in roots via the ethylene signalling pathway. This in turn triggers ethylene-mediated signalling in systemic leaves, which is involved in suppressing the infection of necrotrophic pathogens. These findings provide new insight into the key functions of plant defensins in limiting the infection by the necrotrophic bacterium Pcc via an iron-deficiency-mediated defence response.
Ranking of Nodal Infection Probability in Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible Epidemic
Authors: Qu Bo , Li Cong , Van Mieghem Piet , Wang Huijuan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe prevalence, which is the average fraction of infected nodes, has been studied to evaluate the robustness of a network subject to the spread of epidemics. We explore the vulnerability (infection probability) of each node in the metastable state with a given effective infection rate τ. Specifically, we investigate the ranking of the nodal vulnerability subject to a susceptible-infected-susceptible epidemic, motivated by the fact that the ranking can be crucial for a network operator to assess which nodes are more vulnerable. Via both theoretical and numerical approaches, we unveil that the ranking of nodal vulnerability tends to change more significantly as τ varies when τ is smaller or in Barabási-Albert than Erdős-Rényi random graphs.
Clinical evaluation of whole blood prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) using a Laser Speckle Rheology sensor
Authors: Tripathi Markandey M. , Egawa Satoru , Wirth Alexandra G. , Tshikudi Diane M. , Van Cott Elizabeth M. , Nadkarni Seemantini K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractProthrombin time (PT) and the associated international normalized ratio (INR) are routinely tested to assess the risk of bleeding or thrombosis and to monitor response to anticoagulant therapy in patients. To measure PT/INR, conventional coagulation testing (CCT) is performed, which is time-consuming and requires the separation of cellular components from whole blood. Here, we report on a portable and battery-operated optical sensor that can rapidly quantify PT/INR within seconds by measuring alterations in the viscoelastic properties of a drop of whole blood following activation of coagulation with thromboplastin. In this study, PT/INR values were measured in 60 patients using the optical sensor and compared with the corresponding CCT values. Our results report a close correlation and high concordance between PT/INR measured using the two approaches. These findings confirm the accuracy of our optical sensing approach for rapid PT/INR testing in whole blood and highlight the potential for use at the point-of-care or for patient self-testing.
Mitigation of sepsis-induced inflammatory responses and organ injury through targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Sharma Archna , Yang Weng-Lang , Ochani Mahendar , Wang Ping 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been involved in regulating inflammation in various infectious and inflammatory diseases. Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by dysregulated inflammatory response to infection with no effective therapy available. Recently elevated Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been detected in sepsis. However, its contribution to sepsis-associated inflammatory response remains to be explored. In this study, we show that inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling reduces inflammation and mitigates sepsis-induced organ injury. Usingin vitroLPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, we demonstrate that a small-molecule inhibitor of β-catenin responsive transcription, iCRT3, significantly reduces the LPS-induced Wnt/β-catenin activity and also inhibits TNF-α production and IκB degradation in a dose-dependent manner. Intraperitoneal administration of iCRT3 to C57BL/6 mice, subjected to cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis, decreases the plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and organ injury markers in a dose-dependent manner. The histological integrity of the lungs is improved with iCRT3 treatment, along with reduced lung collagen deposition and apoptosis. In addition, iCRT3 treatment also decreases the expression of the cytokines, neutrophil chemoattractants, as well as the MPO activity in the lungs of septic mice. Based on these findings we conclude that targeting the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway may provide a potential therapeutic approach for treatment of sepsis.
Preprocessing of emotional visual information in the human piriform cortex
Authors: Schulze Patrick , Bestgen Anne-Kathrin , Lech Robert K. , Kuchinke Lars , Suchan Boris 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study examines the processing of visual information by the olfactory system in humans. Recent data point to the processing of visual stimuli by the piriform cortex, a region mainly known as part of the primary olfactory cortex. Moreover, the piriform cortex generates predictive templates of olfactory stimuli to facilitate olfactory processing. This study fills the gap relating to the question whether this region is also capable of preprocessing emotional visual information. To gain insight into the preprocessing and transfer of emotional visual information into olfactory processing, we recorded hemodynamic responses during affective priming using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Odors of different valence (pleasant, neutral and unpleasant) were primed by images of emotional facial expressions (happy, neutral and disgust). Our findings are the first to demonstrate that the piriform cortex preprocesses emotional visual information prior to any olfactory stimulation and that the emotional connotation of this preprocessing is subsequently transferred and integrated into an extended olfactory network for olfactory processing.
Reorganization of mammalian body wall patterning with cloacal septation
Authors: Hall Margaret I. , Rodriguez-Sosa José R. , Plochocki Jeffrey H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSeptation of the cloaca is a unique mammalian adaptation that required a novel reorganization of the perineum–the caudal portion of the trunk body wall not associated with the hindlimb. Fish, the basal vertebrates, separate ventrolateral body wall musculature of the trunk into two discrete layers, while most tetrapods expand this pattern in the thorax and abdomen into four. Mammals, the only vertebrate group to divide the cloaca into urogenital and anorectal portions, exhibit complex muscle morphology in the perineum. Here we describe how perineal morphology in a broad sample of mammals fits into patterning of trunk musculature as an extension of the four-layer ventrolateral muscular patterning of the thorax and abdomen. We show that each perineal muscle layer has a specific function related to structures formed by cloacal septation. From superficial to deep, there is the subcutaneous layer, which regulates orifice closure, the external layer, which supplements both erectile and micturition function, the internal layer, which provides primary micturition and defecation regulation, and the transversus layer, which provides structural support for pelvic organs. We elucidate how the four-layer body wall pattern, restricted to the non-mammal tetrapod thorax and abdomen, is observed in the mammalian perineum to regulate function of unique perineal structures derived from cloacal septation.
Crab Spider Lures Prey In Flowerless Neighborhoods
Authors: Vieira Camila , Ramires Eduardo N. , Vasconcellos-Neto João , Poppi Ronei J. , Romero Gustavo Q. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOne fundamental question in prey luring systems is to understand how visual signals are interpreted by the receiver. Predators lure prey by falsely imitating the signal of a model, or may exploit sensory preferences of the receivers, which search for rewarding signals. Crab spiders reflect ultraviolet (UV) light, ambush pollinators on flowers, and manipulate flower UV signals altering the behavior and response of prey. Whereas crab spiders typically depend on flowers to forage, adult Epicadus heterogaster departs from this standard behavior by preying on pollinators upon green leaves, even in the absence of flowers nearby. This species has a conspicuous abdomen resembling the shape of a flower, which may reflect UV signals similar to that of flowers, and thus attract pollinators. Nevertheless, no empirical evidence is available that E. heterogaster foraging on leaves mimics flowers, nor how this crab spider interacts with its prey. Field and laboratory experiments demonstrated that UV reflection of adult E. heterogaster is the main signal responsible for the attraction of pollinators. This is the first study to demonstrate that a crab spider attracts pollinators regardless of flower UV signal, which may represent an evolutionary pathway beyond the dependence of flowers.
Semantic and Phonological Encoding in Adults Who Stutter: Silent Responses to Pictorial Stimuli
Authors: Vincent Irena 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Research on language planning in adult stuttering is relatively sparse and offers diverging arguments about a potential causative relationship between semantic and phonological encoding and fluency breakdowns. This study further investigated semantic and phonological encoding efficiency in adults who stutter (AWS) by means of silent category and phoneme identification, respectively.

Method
Fifteen AWS and 15 age- and sex-matched adults who do not stutter (ANS) participated. The groups were compared on the basis of the accuracy and speed of superordinate category (animal vs. object) and initial phoneme (vowel vs. consonant) decisions, which were indicated manually during silent viewing of pictorial stimuli. Movement execution latency was accounted for, and no other cognitive, linguistic, or motor demands were posed on participants' responses. Therefore, category identification accuracy and speed were considered indirect measures of semantic encoding efficiency and phoneme identification accuracy and speed of phonological encoding efficiency.

Results
For category decisions, AWS were slower but not less accurate than ANS, with objects eliciting more errors and slower responses than animals in both groups. For phoneme decisions, the groups did not differ in accuracy, with consonant errors outnumbering vowel errors in both groups, and AWS were slower than ANS in consonant but not vowel identification, with consonant response time lagging behind vowel response time in AWS only.

Conclusions
AWS were less efficient than ANS in semantic encoding, and they might harbor a consonant-specific phonological encoding weakness. Future independent studies are warranted to discover if these positive findings are replicable and a marker for persistent stuttering.
Design of a filtering power divider with microstrip‐to‐slotline transition structures
Authors: Xu Haiyan , Wang Jianpeng , Chen Zhiping , Zhang Na , Zheng Yaping 
Published: August 2017

A filtering power divider (FPD) with high selectivity is presented. Initially, by elaborately introducing two different types of microstrip‐to‐slotline transition structures and a pair of dual‐mode stub‐loaded resonators, dual‐mode bandpass response is attained in this design. Afterwards, the resistor R is utilised to achieve high in‐band isolation between two output ports of the FPD. Moreover, four transmission zeros are generated outside the passband for high selectivity performance. To validate the feasibility of the new approach, a prototype FPD operating at 3.62 GHz (f0) is designed, fabricated and measured. Both simulated and measured results are provided in good agreement indicating that the proposed FPD exhibits a better than 20 dB isolation inside the passband and extended upper stopband up to 10 GHz.
Photometric redshift estimation via deep learning
Authors: D’Isanto A. , Polsterer K. L. 
Published: August 2017

Context. The need to analyze the available large synoptic multi-band surveys drives the development of new data-analysis methods. Photometric redshift estimation is one field of application where such new methods improved the results, substantially. Up to now, the vast majority of applied redshift estimation methods have utilized photometric features.
Aims. We aim to develop a method to derive probabilistic photometric redshift directly from multi-band imaging data, rendering pre-classification of objects and feature extraction obsolete.
Methods. A modified version of a deep convolutional network was combined with a mixture density network. The estimates are expressed as Gaussian mixture models representing the probability density functions (PDFs) in the redshift space. In addition to the traditional scores, the continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) and the probability integral transform (PIT) were applied as performance criteria. We have adopted a feature based random forest and a plain mixture density network to compare performances on experiments with data from SDSS (DR9).
Results. We show that the proposed method is able to predict redshift PDFs independently from the type of source, for example galaxies, quasars or stars. Thereby the prediction performance is better than both presented reference methods and is comparable to results from the literature.
Conclusions. The presented method is extremely general and allows us to solve of any kind of probabilistic regression problems based on imaging data, for example estimating metallicity or star formation rate of galaxies. This kind of methodology is tremendously important for the next generation of surveys.
Prosodic features, self-monitoring, and dysfluency in native and non-native Mandarin speech
Authors: Yang Bei 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This study explores the relationship between the prosodic features for time delay, self-monitoring in speech production, and perceived dysfluency. In this study, twenty native and non-native speakers of Chinese took a speech test. Each speech was transcribed, prosodic features were assigned symbols, and the coding system traced self-monitoring. An additional twenty-eight native speakers assessed the fluency of the speech samples, and then the researcher matched assessment results with symbols and coding, and analyzed them. The results indicate that uh/um and self-monitoring influence perceived dysfluency in most cases while other prosodic features do not; that the filled pause in non-native speech is a salient feature of perceived dysfluency; and how a dysfluency is perceived. The study also finds the native speakers’ perception bias.
The Portuguese future subjunctive
Authors: Vesterinen Rainer 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlthough the analysis of the Portuguese future subjunctive mood would contribute to a greater understanding of the general meaning of the subjunctive mood, this verb form has received considerably little attention compared to the other subjunctive forms, namely, the past and present subjunctives. The aim of the present paper is to fill this gap. Using the theoretical perspective of Cognitive Grammar, it will be shown that the Portuguese future subjunctive shares many characteristic features with other tenses of the subjunctive mood. In particular, the analysis shows that the Portuguese future subjunctive can be explained by the concept ofdominion. Thus, the present paper provides a conceptually grounded and unified explanation for the meaning of the Portuguese subjunctive mood.