bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective reduction of sintering temperature and breakage ratio for a low‐cost ceramic proppant by feldspar addition
Authors: Ma Haiqiang , Tian Yuming , Zhou Yi , Li Guoming , Wang Kaiyue , Bai Pinbo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe second grade bauxite and feldspar were used to synthesize ceramic proppant materials. Phase structure and microstructure of the samples were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. It was found that the feldspar, as a sintering aid, was beneficial to generate liquid phase during the sintering process. The formed liquid phase, not only promoted the densification of the samples, but also reduced the sintering temperature. With the content of feldspar increasing, the sintering temperature gradually decreased. When the content of feldspar was 4 wt.%, the breakage ratio of the samples was reduced to the lowest level of 2.2% at 1400°C under 52 MPa closed pressure, which met the requirement of Chinese Petroleum and Gas Industry Standard (SY/T 5108‐2014). Moreover, the sintering temperature was reduced by 100°C compared with the proppants without adding feldspar.
Full‐field measurement of contact‐point and crack‐tip deformations in soda‐lime glass. Part‐II: Stress wave loading
Authors: Sundaram Balamurugan M. , Tippur Hareesh V. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTransparent brittle ceramics such as soda‐lime glass pose unique challenges for performing full‐field optical measurement of deformations and stresses to characterize fracture and failure behaviors. Low fracture toughness coupled with high stiffness and elastic wave speeds are among the factors responsible for some of these challenges as deformations tend to be confined to an extremely small region near an almost mathematically sharp growing crack. Need for strong birefringence, elaborate optics, or lack of sufficient measurement sensitivity are some of the factors against legacy techniques such as photoelasticity, optical interferometry, and speckle methods, respectively, to study soda‐lime glass. Motivated by these factors, the feasibility of digital gradient sensing (DGS) method to measure impact induced deformations near a contact‐point and a dynamically growing crack‐tip in soda‐lime glass are demonstrated in this work. This second of a two‐part paper demonstrates the applicability of DGS for the problems under stress wave loading conditions. Ultrahigh‐speed photography (1 million frames per sec) in conjunction with DGS and a Hopkinson pressure bar to load soda‐lime glass specimens are employed. The optical measurements are postprocessed to obtain relevant engineering parameters and stress field near dynamically loaded crack‐tip, both while stationary and during propagation.
Changes in the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of citrus peels from different cultivars after in vitro digestion
Authors: Su Dongxiao , Liu Hesheng , Zeng Qingzhu , Qi Xiangyang , Yao Xueshuang , Zhang Jie 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of in vitro digestion on the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of citrus peels. Three different varieties of citrus peels (mandarin, ponkan and red tangerine) were treated with simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The results showed that the SGF or SIF treatments of the citrus peels did not significantly increase the total phenolic content (TPC) or total flavonoid content (TFC), except for that of the TFC of ponkan peel treated with SGF. However, simulated in vitro digestion did improve the antioxidant activities measured with FRAP and ABTS methods. The effect of SGF was more positive than those of SIF for the FRAP assay, but the opposite was true for ABTS. Notably, both simulated digestion techniques decreased the DPPH free radical scavenging abilities. Simulated digestion in vitro changed the antioxidant activities of the citrus peels.
Isolation, characterisation and fermentation optimisation of glucansucrase‐producing Leuconostoc mesenteroides DRP105 from sauerkraut with improved preservation stability
Authors: Du Renpeng , Xing Hanwen , Zhou Zhijiang , Han Ye 
Published: August 2017

SummaryA total of fifty‐six strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Chinese sauerkraut juice from Shenyang were screened for glucansucrase production. Among them, strain DRP105 was detected to produce highest yield of glucansucrase in MRS broth, which was identified to be Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Based on Plackett–Burman Experiment, sucrose, sodium acetate and initial pH were found to be the most significant factors for glucansucrase production of L. mesenteroidesDRP105. Afterwards, effects of the three main factors on glucansucrase activity were further investigated by central composite design, and the optimum composition was sucrose 35.74 g L−1, sodium acetate 6.46 g L−1 and initial pH 5.90. Optimum results showed that glucansucrase activity was increased to 6.26 ± 0.09 U mL−1 in 24 h fermentation, 33.19% higher than before. Our study also suggested that Tween 80 and dextran have potential to improve glucansucrase stability at temperature (30 °C) higher than enzyme storage temperature in crude fermented broth.
Sex‐specific compensatory growth in the larvae of the greater wax mothGalleria mellonella
Authors: Kecko S. , Mihailova A. , Kangassalo K. , Elferts D. , Krama T. , Krams R. , Luoto S. , Rantala M. J. , Krams I. A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDeficiency of food resources in ontogeny is known to prolong an organism's developmental time and affect body size in adulthood. Yet life‐history traits are plastic: an organism can increase its growth rate to compensate for a period of slow growth, a phenomenon known as ‘compensatory growth’. We tested whether larvae of the greater wax mothGalleria mellonellacan accelerate their growth after a fast of 12, 24 or 72 h. We found that a subgroup of female larvae showed compensatory growth when starved for 12 h. Food deficiency lasting more than 12 h resulted in longer development and lower mass gain. Strength of encapsulation reactions against a foreign body inserted in haemocoel was the weakest in females that showed compensatory growth, whereas the strongest encapsulation was recorded in the males and females that fasted for 24 and 72 h. More specifically, we found sex‐biased immune reactions so that females had stronger encapsulation rates than males in one group that fasted for 72 h. Overall, rapidly growing females had a short larval development period and the shortest adult lifespan. These results suggest that highly dynamic trade‐offs between the environment, life‐history traits and sex lead to plasticity in developmental strategies/growth rates in the greater wax moth.
Longitudinal Cognitive Profiles in Diabetes: Results From the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's Uniform Data
Authors: Sano Mary , Zhu Carolyn W. , Grossman Hillel , Schimming Corbett 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundDiabetes is a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment and possibly for accelerated progression to Alzheimer disease (AD) and other dementias, though the trajectory of cognitive decline in general and in specfic cognitive domains by diabetes is unclear.MethodsUsing the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's Uniform Data Det (NACC‐UDS) to identify cohorts of elders with normal cognition (N = 7,663) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N = 4,114), we compared overall cognitive composite and domain specific sub‐scores and their progression over time between diabetic and non‐diabetic subjects.ResultsDiabetes was more common among those with MCI (14.7%) than among subjects who were cognitively normal (11.7%). In subjects who were cognitively normal, baseline cognitive composite scores, attention, and executive function sub‐scores were lower in diabetics than non‐diabetics (by 0.098, 0.066, and 0.015 points, respectively). Over time, cognitive composite score showed subtle worsening in non‐diabetics (0.025 points every 6 months), with an additional worsening of 0.01 points every 6 months in diabetics compared to non‐diabetics. In the MCI groups, baseline cognitive composite as well as attention and executive domain sub‐scores were lower in diabetics than non‐diabetics (by 0.078, 0.092, and 0.032 points, respectively). Over time, cognitive composite (by 0.103 points every 6 months) and all domain specific sub‐scores showed subtle worsening in non‐diabetics, but diabetics had significantly slower worsening than non‐diabetics on both cognitive composite (by 0.028 points) and domain specific sub‐scores.DiscussionAmong elders, diabetes may be associated with lower cognitive performance, primarily in non‐memory domains. However it is not associated with continued worsening, suggesting a static deficit with minimal memory involvement. This data suggest that diabetes may contribute more to a vascular profile of cognitive impairment than a profile more typical of AD.
Reduced Cerebral White Matter Integrity Assessed by DTI in Cognitively Normal H63D‐HFE Polymorphism Carriers
Authors: Meadowcroft Mark D. , Wang Jianli , Purnell Carson J. , Eslinger Paul J. , Neely Elizabeth B. , Yang Qing X. , Connor James R. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe H63D‐HFE single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been associated with brain iron dysregulation; however, the emergent role of this missense variant in brain structure and function has yet to be determined. Previous work has demonstrated that HFE SNP carriers have reduced white matter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) proton relaxation rates. The mechanism by which white matter alterations perturb MRI relaxation is unknown as is how these metrics are related to myelin integrity.METHODSFifteen subjects heterozygous for the HFE‐H63D SNP and 25 controls with wild‐type HFE had diffusion‐weighted, anatomical MRIs taken, and underwent cognitive assessment. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusion (MD), and mode of anisotropy (MO) were calculated from the diffusion dataset to investigate the relationship between the H63D‐HFE SNP and myelin integrity.RESULTSA decrease in FA, an increase in MD, and an increase in MO are demonstrated in multiple H63D‐HFE polymorphism carrier white matter tracts. Regions with altered diffusion metrics are notably located in heavily myelinated white matter association fibers, such as the anterior corona radiata and longitudinal fasciculi.CONCLUSIONSThe MRI data presented here demonstrate that H63D‐HFE polymorphism carriers have diffusivity changes in white matter compared to wild‐type subjects. The reduced integrity white matter tracts in H63D‐HFE carriers are hypothesized to be related to increased susceptibility of these late‐myelinating regions to cellular stress induced by oligodendrocyte iron dyshomeostasis.
Evaluation of enrollee satisfaction with Iowa's Dental Wellness Plan for the Medicaid expansion population
Authors: Reynolds Julie C. , McKernan Susan C. , Sukalski Jennifer M.C. , Damiano Peter C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundDental coverage for Iowa's Medicaid expansion population is provided through the Dental Wellness Plan (DWP), implemented in May 2014. The plan targets healthy behavior incentives via an earned benefits structure, whereby additional services are covered if enrollees return every 6‐12 months for routine dental visits. This study examines enrollee satisfaction with the DWP.MethodsWe surveyed a random sample of DWP enrollees 1 year after program implementation about their experiences. Survey items covered dental plan satisfaction, self‐rated measures of health, and knowledge and attitudes toward the earned benefits approach.ResultsDental plan satisfaction was rated as low by 38 percent of respondents (n = 416), moderate by 25 percent (n = 276), and high by 37 percent (n = 402). A majority of respondents (66 percent) did not know about the earned benefits structure. Regression analysis indicated that respondents most likely to have low plan satisfaction were those who felt it was difficult to earn benefits (OR 3.66, P < 0.001) and those who were unable to find (OR 3.17, P < 0.001), or did not try to find (OR 3.51, P < 0.001), a regular dentist in the plan.ConclusionsSatisfaction with a new model of dental insurance was influenced by whether enrollees had a regular source of care and their perceived ability to return for regular checkups in order to earn covered benefits.
Algorithm of Golgi protein 73 and liver stiffness accurately diagnoses significant fibrosis in chronic HBV infection
Authors: Cao Zhujun , Li Ziqiang , Wang Hui , Liu Yuhan , Xu Yumin , Mo Ruidong , Ren Peipei , Chen Lichang , Lu Jie , Li Hong , Zhuang Yan , Liu Yunye , Wang Xiaolin , Zhao Gangde , Tang Weiliang , Xiang Xiaogang , Cai Wei , Liu Longgen , Bao Shisan , Xie Qing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsSerum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) is a potential biomarker for fibrosis assessment. We aimed to develop an algorithm based on GP73 and liver stiffness (LS) for further improvement of accuracy for significant fibrosis in patients with antiviral‐naïve chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.MethodsDiagnostic accuracy evaluation of GP73 and development of GP73‐LS algorithm was performed in training cohort (n = 267) with an independent cohort (n = 133) for validation.ResultsA stepwise increasing pattern of serum GP73 was observed across fibrosis stages in patients with antiviral‐naïve chronic HBV infection. Serum GP73 significantly correlated (rho = 0.48, P < .001) with fibrosis stage and was an independent predictor for the presence of significant fibrosis (OR, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.01‐1.03, per increase in 1 ng/mL, P < .001). Both LS (AUROC, 95%CI: 0.82, 0.77‐0.87, accuracy: 74.7%) and GP73 (AUROC, 95%CI: 0.76, 0.71‐0.82, accuracy: 71.5%) well‐predicted significant fibrosis and outperformed APRI (AUROC, 95%CI: 0.69, 0.63‐0.76, accuracy: 66%) and FIB‐4 (AUROC, 95%CI: 0.66, 0.60‐0.73, accuracy: 63.6%). Using GP73‐LS algorithm, GP73 < 63 in agreement with LS < 8.5 provided accuracy of 81.7% to excluded significant fibrosis. GP73 ≥ 63 in agreement with LS ≥ 8.5 provided accuracy of 93.3% to confirm significant fibrosis. Almost 64% or 68% of patients in the training or validation cohort could be accurately classified.ConclusionsSerum GP73 is a robust biomarker for significant fibrosis diagnosis. GP73‐LS algorithm provided better diagnostic accuracy than currently available approaches. More than 60% antiviral naïve CHB patients could use this algorithm without resorting to liver biopsy.
Norwegian national day oratory: constructing and reconstructing a national we
Authors: Buxrud Bjørnar , Fangen Katrine 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNational day speeches play an explicit part in defining national identities. In this article, we examine how mayors in Norwegian municipalities reflect on Norway's increased diversity in their 17 May speeches. National day speeches in Norway are supposed to focus on unity, not conflict. Yet, what have they become in the context of diversity? In applying theoretical perspectives on nations, rituals and language to data consisting of a selection of speeches, our analysis identifies themes that structure a typical 17 May speech. We explore the use of plural pronouns in the speeches and how they make Norwegian national identity more or less accessible for people with minority backgrounds. By including ethnic minorities in national day rhetoric, the speakers negotiate who belongs in the Norwegian community in a less directly political way than in everyday life. Yet, whilst the genre is celebratory, the national day speeches also echo different political attitudes towards diversity and integration.
Agroecological transition: A viability model to assess soil restoration
Authors: Durand Marie‐Hélène , Désilles Anna , Saint‐Pierre Patrick , Angeon Valérie , Ozier‐Lafontaine Harry 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSince the 1950s, intensive and specialized agricultural systems using a few select species and relying heavily on agrochemical inputs have enabled a huge increase in food production. However, in parallel, drawbacks appeared including biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emission, erosion, and water pollution. Today shifting farming systems to mitigate soil degradation trends is indispensable. Using viability theory, we propose a dynamic model of the sequence of agricultural productions and practices that can be implemented in the long term to restore soil quality while respecting a set of agronomic and economic constraints. The paths to soil restoration vary depending on agronomic and economic constraints, the time available for restoration, the initial soil conditions, and investment capacities. Economic valuation of the minimum cost of restoration shows that the agroecological transition may be costly and that farmers can have difficulty meeting the costs, thus raising the question of how the cost of agroecological transition is to be shared.
A prototype matching model of satisfaction in same‐sex friendships
Authors: FEHR BEVERLEY , HARASYMCHUK CHERYL 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe hypothesis that people experience greater friendship satisfaction when their friendship matches the prototype of intimacy interactions was tested. Consistent with this hypothesis, both women and men reported the greatest satisfaction when their “real‐world” friendship matched the prototype of intimacy interactions. This relation was even stronger when the friendship matched prototypical intimacy interaction patterns (e.g., self‐disclosure) than when it matched nonprototypical patterns (e.g., practical support). Thus, there is evidence that people rely on relational knowledge—in this case, complex knowledge of patterns of relating—when evaluating the quality of their friendships.
Advice as a form of social influence: Informational motives and the consequences for accuracy
Authors: Rader Christina A. , Larrick Richard P. , Soll Jack B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this article, we ask how well people fulfill informational motives by using the judgments of others. We build on advice‐taking research from the judgment and decision making literature, which has developed a distinct paradigm to test how accurately people incorporate information from others. We use a literature review to show that people have mixed success in fulfilling informational motives—they increase their accuracy through the use of advice, but not as much as they could. We develop insights about how people perceive advisors and try to pursue advice—and where their perceptions may lead them astray. We conclude by proposing that future work further investigate the reasons people fail to use advice by building on the current advice taking paradigm used in judgment and decision making, but with a richer understanding of advice taking as a dynamic process that often entails complex decisions and normative motives.
The three faces of overconfidence
Authors: Moore Don A. , Schatz Derek 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOverconfidence has been studied in 3 distinct ways. Overestimation is thinking that you are better than you are. Overplacement is the exaggerated belief that you are better than others. Overprecision is the excessive faith that you know the truth. These 3 forms of overconfidence manifest themselves under different conditions, have different causes, and have widely varying consequences. It is a mistake to treat them as if they were the same or to assume that they have the same psychological origins.
Health decision making and behavior: The role of affect‐laden constructs
Authors: Magnan Renee E. , Shorey Fennell Bethany R. , Brady Jacquelyn M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA common criticism of social cognitive models predicting health behavior is their exclusion of affect—an important component of individual‐level decision processes for behavior change. Yet the role of affect, and its interaction with cognitions, is complex. We provide an overview of affect and pathways through which it is proposed to influence outcomes. Then, we discuss several common social cognitive models of health behavior change. Next, we highlight specific affect‐laden constructs (those that incorporate affective and cognitive components) related to health behavior change. We aim to provide clarity on terminology and measurement of the affect‐laden constructs and evidence associating them with health behavior. Finally, we discuss strategies for incorporating these constructs within popular cognitive‐based theories and provide suggestions for future work.
Nativism Across Time and Space
Authors: Betz Hans‐Georg 
Published: August 2017

AbstractContemporary radical right‐wing populism is generally associated with nativism, usually defined as an intense hostility to anything deemed alien and threatening to national cohesion. This article explores the origins and evolution of nativism in three major nineteenth‐century populist movements – antebellum Know Nothingism and post‐civil‐war agrarian populism in the United States and late nineteenth‐century Boulangism in France. All of them advanced nativist propositions to bolster their populist agenda, yet not of the same nature and to the same extent. These differences can largely be explained by the targets of populist mobilization and the constituency at which it was aimed. The cases suggest that nativism plays an important role in populist mobilization, not least because it allows populist movements to transcend differences between social groups and gives them an opportunity to promote themselves as the champions of collective identity – a concern central to the contemporary radical populist right.
The role of ZIP transporters and group F bZIP transcription factors in the Zn‐deficiency response of wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Evens Nicholas P. , Buchner Peter , Williams Lorraine E. , Hawkesford Malcolm J. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryUnderstanding the molecular basis of zinc (Zn) uptake and transport in staple cereal crops is critical for improving both Zn content and tolerance to low‐Zn soils. This study demonstrates the importance of group F bZIP transcription factors and ZIP transporters in responses to Zn deficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Seven group F TabZIP genes and 14 ZIPs with homeologs were identified in hexaploid wheat. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of Zn‐deficiency‐response elements (ZDREs) in a number of the ZIPs. Functional complementation of the zrt1/zrt2 yeast mutant by TaZIP3, ‐6, ‐7, ‐9 and ‐13 supported an ability to transport Zn. Group F TabZIPs contain the group‐defining cysteine–histidine‐rich motifs, which are the predicted binding site of Zn2+ in the Zn‐deficiency response. Conservation of these motifs varied between the TabZIPs suggesting that individual TabZIPs may have specific roles in the wheat Zn‐homeostatic network. Increased expression in response to low Zn levels was observed for several of the wheat ZIPs and bZIPs; this varied temporally and spatially suggesting specific functions in the response mechanism. The ability of the group F TabZIPs to bind to specific ZDREs in the promoters of TaZIPs indicates a conserved mechanism in monocots and dicots in responding to Zn deficiency. In support of this, TabZIPF1‐7DL and TabZIPF4‐7AL afforded a strong level of rescue to the Arabidopsis hypersensitive bzip19 bzip23 double mutant under Zn deficiency. These results provide a greater understanding of Zn‐homeostatic mechanisms in wheat, demonstrating an expanded repertoire of group F bZIP transcription factors, adding to the complexity of Zn homeostasis.