bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily estimates of the migrating tide and zonal mean temperature in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere derived from SABER data
Authors: Ortland David A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSatellites provide a global view of the structure in the fields that they measure. In the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, the dominant features in these fields at low zonal wave number are contained in the zonal mean, quasi‐stationary planetary waves, and tide components. Due to the nature of the satellite sampling pattern, stationary, diurnal, and semidiurnal components are aliased and spectral methods are typically unable to separate the aliased waves over short time periods. This paper presents a data processing scheme that is able to recover the daily structure of these waves and the zonal mean state. The method is validated by using simulated data constructed from a mechanistic model, and then applied to Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) temperature measurements. The migrating diurnal tide extracted from SABER temperatures for 2009 has a seasonal variability with peak amplitude (20 K at 95 km) in February and March and minimum amplitude (less than 5 K at 95 km) in early June and early December. Higher frequency variability includes a change in vertical structure and amplitude during the major stratospheric warming in January. The migrating semidiurnal tide extracted from SABER has variability on a monthly time scale during January through March, minimum amplitude in April, and largest steady amplitudes from May through September. Modeling experiments were performed that show that much of the variability on seasonal time scales in the migrating tides is due to changes in the mean flow structure and the superposition of the tidal responses to water vapor heating in the troposphere and ozone heating in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Sequential [3+2]/[8+2] Annulations for the (Z)‐Selective Construction of Heterocyclic Diazabicyclo[5.3.0]decatrienes
Authors: Liu Tang‐Lin , Li Qing‐Hua , Wei Liang , Xiong Yong , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn efficient copper(I)‐catalyzed one‐pot domino reaction for the (Z)‐selective construction of diazabicyclo[5.3.0]decatriene derivatives under mild conditions has been developed. This protocol was initiated by a Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), followed by a ring opening rearrangement and then subsequent higher‐order [8+2] cycloaddition of azaheptafulvene with ketenimine intermediates at the corresponding C‐2 and N‐3 sites, affording biologically active heterocycles in good to high yields.magnified image
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Borylation/Protonation Tandem Reaction of Hydroxylated Diarylethynes
Authors: Yang Liting , Ma Jinjin , Peng Xiaomin , Wang Danyang , Guo Tao , Yuan Bingxin , Li Heng , Zhang Panke , Yang Guanyu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe catalytic synthesis of trans‐hydroxystilbenes has a great significance and value in synthetic chemistry and bioscience. To establish a versatile and efficient technology for such reactions, we successfully developed a novel and straightforward way for the construction of E‐stilbene derivatives by a rhodium‐catalyzed borylation/protonation tandem reaction using H2O as the green hydrogen source. Various E‐stilbene derivatives were synthesized with up to 85 % yield.
Cell Fixation by Light‐Triggered Release of Glutaraldehyde
Authors: Schelkle Korwin M. , Schmid Christopher , Yserentant Klaus , Bender Markus , Wacker Irene , Petzoldt Martin , Hamburger Manuel , Herten Dirk‐Peter , Wombacher Richard , Schröder Rasmus R. , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChemical fixation of living cells for microscopy is commonly achieved by crosslinking of intracellular proteins with dialdehydes prior to examination. We herein report a photocleavable protecting group for glutaraldehyde that results in a light‐triggered and membrane‐permeable fixative, which is nontoxic prior to photocleavage. Lipophilic ester groups allow for diffusion across the cell membrane and intracellular accumulation after enzymatic hydrolysis. Irradiation with UV light releases glutaraldehyde. The in situ generated fixative crosslinks intracellular proteins and preserves and stabilizes the cell so that it is ready for microscopy. In contrast to conventional glutaraldehyde fixation, tissue autofluorescence does not increase after fixation. Caged glutaraldehyde may in future enable functional experiments on living cells under a light microscope in which events of interest can be stopped in spatially confined volumes at defined time points. Samples with individually stopped events could then later be analyzed in ultrastructural studies.
Strings of Porous Carbon Polyhedrons as Self‐Standing Cathode Host for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Yazhi , Li Gaoran , Fu Jing , Chen Zhongwei , Peng Xinsheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRational design of cathode hosts with high electrical conductivity and strong sulfur confinement is a great need for high‐performance lithium–sulfur batteries. Herein, we report a self‐standing, hybrid‐nanostructured cathode host comprised of metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived porous carbon polyhedrons and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the significant improvement of both the electrode cyclability and energy density. The strong coupling of the intertwined CNTs and strung porous carbon polyhedrons as a binder‐free thin film significantly enhances the long‐range electronic conductivity and provides abundant active interfaces as well as robust electrode integrity for sulfur electrochemistry. Attributed to the synergistic combination of the CNTs and carbon polyhedrons, the obtained sulfur electrodes exhibit outstanding cyclability, an excellent high‐rate response up to 10 C, and an ultra‐high volumetric capacity of 960 Ah L−1.
Use of a Traceless Activating and Directing Group for the Construction of Trifluoromethylpyrazoles: One‐Pot Transformation of Nitroolefins and Trifluorodiazoethane
Authors: Chen Zhen , Zheng Yan , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe disclose an efficient one‐pot transformation of trifluorodiazoethane and higher perfluorinated homologues with various nitroolefins. This method takes advantage of the nitro group as a traceless activating and directing group (TADG) that is released in the aromatization step to produce 4‐substituted 3‐perfluoroalkyl pyrazoles with complete regioselectivity. The potential of this method is further demonstrated by the synthesis of penthiopyrad.
From Millimeter to Subnanometer: Vapor–Solid Deposition of Carbon Nitride Hierarchical Nanostructures Directed by Supramolecular Assembly
Authors: Xu Jingsan , Wang Hong , Zhang Chao , Yang Xiaofei , Cao Shaowen , Yu Jiaguo , Shalom Menny 
Published: March 2017

AbstractShape and nanostructure control has great potential to enable graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4) structures with new properties and functionalities. In this work, a new type of hierarchically structured nanoporous C3N4 is introduced. The C3N4 exhibits unique, edelweiss‐like morphology, with components ranging from millimeter‐sized bunches to subnanometer‐thick layers. A one‐step vapor–solid deposition approach using supramolecular aggregates as the precursor is carried out to accomplish the growth. Supramolecular pre‐association plays a crucial role in achieving this nanostructure by directing the vaporization and deposition processes. Furthermore, very small C3N4 quantum dots can be readily acquired by bath sonication of the thin layers in water. The supramolecular preorganization growth strategy developed herein may provide a general methodology in the design of advanced photoelectric materials with broad applications in energy conversion and storage.
Control of Nanoparticle Release Kinetics from 3D Printed Hydrogel Scaffolds
Authors: Baumann Bernhard , Jungst Tomasz , Stichler Simone , Feineis Susanne , Wiltschka Oliver , Kuhlmann Matthias , Lindén Mika , Groll Jürgen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe convergence of biofabrication with nanotechnology is largely unexplored but enables geometrical control of cell‐biomaterial arrangement combined with controlled drug delivery and release. As a step towards integration of these two fields of research, this study demonstrates that modulation of electrostatic nanoparticle–polymer and nanoparticle–nanoparticle interactions can be used for tuning nanoparticle release kinetics from 3D printed hydrogel scaffolds. This generic strategy can be used for spatiotemporal control of the release kinetics of nanoparticulate drug vectors in biofabricated constructs.
Preparation and Application of Solid, Salt‐Stabilized Zinc Amide Enolates with Enhanced Air and Moisture Stability
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hung , Ellwart Mario , Toupalas Georgios , Ebe Yusuke , Knochel Paul 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe treatment of various N‐morpholino amides with TMPZnCl⋅LiCl (TMP=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidyl) and Mg(OPiv)2 in THF at 25 °C provides solid zinc enolates with enhanced air and moisture stability (t1/2 in air: 1–3 h) after solvent evaporation. These enolates undergo Pd‐ and Cu‐catalyzed cross‐couplings with (hetero)aryl bromides as well as allylic and benzylic halides. The arylated N‐morpholino amides were converted into various ketones by LaCl3⋅2 LiCl mediated acylation with Grignard reagents. The new, solid enolates were used to prepare a potent anti‐breast‐cancer drug candidate in six steps and 23 % overall yield.
Large‐Area Elemental Imaging Reveals Van Eyck's Original Paint Layers on the Ghent Altarpiece (1432), Rescoping Its Conservation Treatment
Authors: Van der Snickt Geert , Dubois Hélène , Sanyova Jana , Legrand Stijn , Coudray Alexia , Glaude Cécile , Postec Marie , Van Espen Piet , Janssens Koen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA combination of large‐scale and micro‐scale elemental imaging, yielding elemental distribution maps obtained by, respectively non‐invasive macroscopic X‐ray fluorescence (MA‐XRF) and by secondary electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM‐EDX) and synchrotron radiation‐based micro‐XRF (SR μ‐XRF) imaging was employed to reorient and optimize the conservation strategy of van Eyck's renowned Ghent Altarpiece. By exploiting the penetrative properties of X‐rays together with the elemental specificity offered by XRF, it was possible to visualize the original paint layers by van Eyck hidden below the overpainted surface and to simultaneously assess their condition. The distribution of the high‐energy Pb‐L and Hg‐L emission lines revealed the exact location of hidden paint losses, while Fe‐K maps demonstrated how and where these lacunae were filled‐up using an iron‐containing material. The chemical maps nourished the scholarly debate on the overpaint removal with objective, chemical arguments, leading to the decision to remove all skillfully applied overpaints, hitherto interpreted as work by van Eyck. MA‐XRF was also employed for monitoring the removal of the overpaint during the treatment phase. To gather complementary information on the in‐depth layer build‐up, SEM‐EDX and SR μ‐XRF imaging was used on paint cross sections to record micro‐scale elemental maps.
One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of β‐Amino Amides
Authors: Huang Bo , Zeng Linwei , Shen Yangyong , Cui Sunliang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMulticomponent reactions are excellent tools for rapid generation of small molecules with broad chemical diversity and molecular complexity. Herein, a novel one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of β‐amino amides from aldehydes, anilines, carboxylic acids and ynamides has been successfully developed. This process is practical and efficient to unravel synthetic utility and scalability. Moreover, an isotope labeling reaction was conducted to elucidate a plausible reaction mechanism.
A Symmetric Co(N5)2(H2O)4⋅4 H2O High‐Nitrogen Compound Formed by Cobalt(II) Cation Trapping of a Cyclo‐N5− Anion
Authors: Zhang Chong , Yang Chen , Hu Bingcheng , Yu Chuanming , Zheng Zhansheng , Sun Chengguo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe reactions of (N5)6(H3O)3(NH4)4Cl with Co(NO3)2⋅6 H2O at room temperature yielded Co(N5)2(H2O)4⋅4 H2O as an air‐stable orange metal complex. The structure, as determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, has two planar cyclo‐N5− rings and four bound water molecules symmetrically positioned around the central metal ion. Thermal analysis demonstrated the explosive properties of the material.
Chemoselective Hydrazine‐mediated Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes by Co3O4 Nanoparticles Immobilized on an Al/Si‐mixed Oxide Support
Authors: Reddy P. Linga , Tripathi Mohit , Arundhathi R. , Rawat Diwan S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCobalt oxide nanoparticles (size 2 to 3.5 nm) were successfully impregnated on an alumina–silica (mixed oxide) support through an experimentally viable and easily reproducible protocol. The prepared material was well characterized by XRD, HR‐TEM, BET surface area, EDX and XPS analyses. Porous alumina–silica having a high surface area served as a protective heterogeneous support on which the well‐dispersed Co3O4 nanoparticles served as an active catalytic species for the hydrazine‐mediated transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes. About 2 mol % of the active catalyst in ethanol at 60 °C was adequate for a successful conversion. Moreover, transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes by the catalyst was found to take place chemoselectively in the presence of other labile functional groups such as halide, alkene, nitrile, carbonyl, and ester. This inexpensive catalyst was also able to catalyze the reaction on a gram scale reaction and found to be robust and recyclable up to eight runs.
DNAzyme–aptamer or aptamer–DNAzyme paradigm: Biochemical approach for aflatoxin analysis
Authors: Jafari Marzieh , Rezaei Mohsen , Kalantari Heibatullah , Tabarzad Maryam , Daraei Bahram 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDNAzyme and aptamer conjugations have already been used for sensitive and accurate detection of several molecules. In this study, we tested the relationship between conjugation orientation of DNAzyme and aflatoxin B1 aptamer and their subsequent peroxidase activity. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and biochemical analysis were used here to differentiate between these two conjugation patterns. Results showed that DNAzyme–aptamer has more catalytic activity and efficiency than aptamer–DNAzyme. Thereby, DNAzyme–aptamer with its superior efficiency can be used for design and development of more sensitive aflatoxin B1 DNA based biosensors.
CODE: Crowd‐optimized design of environments
Authors: Haworth Brandon , Usman Muhammad , Berseth Glen , Khayatkhoei Mahyar , Kapadia Mubbasir , Faloutsos Petros 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe present crowd‐optimized design of environments (CODE): a “crowd‐aware” computational tool for designing environments (e.g., building floor plans). Our system analyses the impact of newly added environment elements (e.g., pillars or doorways) on the resulting crowd flow, using current‐generation crowd simulators. The results of the simulation are used to provide feedback to the designer in terms of aggregate statistics and heat maps. Additionally, our system is able to “automatically” optimize the placement of environment elements to maximize crowd flow in egress scenarios, while satisfying constraints that are imposed by the designer. Using CODE, architects and environment designers can iteratively refine upon their original design to quickly accommodate the dynamic properties of crowd simulations in an interactive fashion. CODE is modular and flexible so that designers may build environments, select from different crowd simulators, and specify varying crowd configurations.
Smart mechanosensing machineries enable migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis‐relevant 3D matrices
Authors: Chi Qingjia , Shan Jieling , Ding Xiaorong , Yin Tieying , Wang Yazhou , Jia Dongyu , Wang Guixue 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAt the early stage of atherosclerosis, neointima is formed due to the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the media to the intima. VSMCs are surrounded by highly adhesive 3D matrices. They take specific strategies to cross various 3D matrices in the media, including heterogeneous collagen and mechanically strong basement membrane. Migration of VSMCs is potentially caused by biomechanical mechanism. Most in vitro studies focus on cell migration on 2D substrates in response to biochemical factors. How the cells move through 3D matrices under the action of mechanosensing machineries remains unexplored. In this review, we propose that several interesting tension‐dependent machineries act as “tractor”—posterior myosin II accumulation, and “wrecker”—anterior podosome maintaining, to power VSMCs ahead. VSMCs embedded in 3D matrices may accumulate a minor myosin II isoform, myosin IIB, at the cell rear. Anisotropic myosin IIB distribution creates cell rear, polarizes cell body, pushes the nucleus and reshapes the cell body, and cooperates with a uniformly distributed myosin IIA to propel the cell forward. On the other hand, matrix digestion by podosome further promote the migration when the matrix becomes denser. Actomyosin tension activates Src to induce podosome in soft 3D matrices and retain the podosome integrity to steadily digest the matrix.
Effect of estrogen on chick primordial follicle development and activation
Authors: Zhao Dan , Lv Caifeng , Liu Guang , Mi Yuling , Zhang Caiqiao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSteroid hormones and their receptors play pivotal roles in avian reproduction and development. 17β‐estradiol (E2) is an essential mediator in ovarian development. In this study, Day 3 (D3) chicks were injected with E2 (0.025, 0.25 or 2.5 mg/kg body weight) for 4 days to assess the effects of estrogen on avian follicle development. Morphological analysis showed that treatment of E2 at 2.5 mg/kg increased the number of growing follicles by 28. 5% and activated follicles by 8.9%, compared with the group. Treatment of E2 also led to increased diameter and area of three kinds of follicles and oocytes, respectively. However, this stimulating effect of E2 was inhibited by combined treatment of the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen, resulting in decreased number of the growing follicles by 14.3% and the activated follicles by 5.8%, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) revealed that the ratios of the PCNA‐positive granulosa and interstitial cells were increased by 14.0% and 21.5%, respectively. Western blot analysis of PCNA confirmed this stimulating effect of E2. Expression of ERα mRNAs was elevated by administration of E2 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, E‐ and N‐cadherin displayed increased expression after E2 treatment in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, E2 can promote chicken primordial follicle development and activation involving its increased receptor and cadherin production at the early stage of ovarian development.
Paper‐Based Colorimetric Sensor System for High‐Throughput Screening of C−H Borylation
Authors: Kim Han‐Sung , Eom Min Sik , Han Min Su , Lee Sunwoo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA paper‐based colorimetric sensor system (PBCSS) was developed to detect the amount of bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2Pin2) and applied as a high‐throughput screening protocol in Ir‐catalyzed C−H borylation. First, 96 ligands were screened for the borylation of benzene, and then 12 of them were selected and tested for five substrates. These reaction mixtures were spotted in the PBCSS, showing a blue‐violet color. The value of the gray scale of each reaction was obtained from these colored spots and converted to the extent of conversion of B2Pin2. The extents of conversion of B2Pin2 obtained from the PBCSS showed good correlation with those obtained from gas chromatography analysis. In addition, the modified conversion using blank data showed good correlation with the yield of products.
Experimental Study on the Influence of Hydrogel on CO2 Hydrate Formation
Authors: Egenolf‐Jonkmanns Bärbel , Janicki Georg , Bruzzano Stefano , Deerberg Görge , Dalmazzone Didier , Fürst Walter 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe influence of two differently cross‐linked polyacrylate particles on CO2 hydrate formation was investigated. A series of up‐scaling experiments from small (high‐pressure differential scanning calorimetry, HP‐DSC) over medium (glass reactor) to large scale (HP‐reactor) was carried out. It was found out that there is a low influence on the induction time, which is an essential key parameter of the hydrate formation. The results show the same trends: with a low degree of cross‐linker used in low concentration CO2 hydrate formation could be enhanced.
Dynamic Optimization with a Flowsheet Simulator Using the Example of Minimization of Product Changeover Times
Authors: Schöneberger Jan Christian , Fricke Armin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractZur Ermittlung optimaler Trajektorien der Stellgrößen beim Produktwechsel in einer zweistufigen oleochemischen Destillationsanlage wird das dynamische Prozessmodell im Fließbildsimulator CHEMCAD über eine OPC‐Schnittstelle mit der Entwicklungsumgebung Matlab gekoppelt. Nach der Einführung des dynamischen Prozessmodells werden verschiedene Optimierungsstrategien zur Lösung des Problems vorgestellt, verglichen und zu einer hybriden Strategie zusammengeführt. Abschließend wird das so gefundene lokale Optimum des dynamischen Optimierungsproblems visualisiert, analysiert und interpretiert.
Re‐evaluating the roles of myosin 18Aα and F‐actin in determining Golgi morphology
Authors: Bruun Kyle , Beach Jordan R. , Heissler Sarah M. , Remmert Kirsten , Sellers James R. , Hammer John A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe peri‐centrosomal localization and morphology of the Golgi apparatus depends largely on the microtubule cytoskeleton and the microtubule motor protein dynein. Recent studies proposed that myosin 18Aα (M18Aα) also contributes to Golgi morphology by binding the Golgi protein GOLPH3 and walking along adjacent actin filaments to stretch the Golgi into its classic ribbon structure. Biochemical analyses have shown, however, that M18A is not an actin‐activated ATPase and lacks motor activity. Our goal, therefore, was to define the precise molecular mechanism by which M18Aα determines Golgi morphology. We show that purified M18Aα remains inactive in the presence of GOLPH3, arguing against the Golgi‐specific activation of the myosin. Using M18A‐specific antibodies and expression of GFP‐tagged M18Aα, we find no evidence that it localizes to the Golgi. Moreover, several cell lines with reduced or eliminated M18Aα expression exhibited normal Golgi morphology. Interestingly, actin filament disassembly resulted in a marked reduction in lateral stretching of the Golgi in both control and M18Aα‐deficient cells. Importantly, this reduction was accompanied by an expansion of the Golgi in the vertical direction, vertical movement of the centrosome, and increases in the height of both the nucleus and the cell. Collectively, our data indicate that M18Aα does not localize to the Golgi or play a significant role in determining its morphology, and suggest that global F‐actin disassembly alters Golgi morphology indirectly by altering cell shape.