bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ciência, Poesia e Literatura: a Geologia Estética na Obra do Escritor Romântico José de Alencar
Authors: Almeida Soraya 
Published: January 2018

José de Alencar, principal nome do movimento literário romântico no Brasil, viveu entre 1829 e 1877, período em que a Geologia se consagrou como ciência e se tornou assunto de interesse também fora da comunidade cientifica. O escritor brasileiro não ficou insensível às questões geológicas e ao longo de sua obra são encontrados vários exemplos de Geologia Estética, que se torna mais relevante a partir de seu casamento com Georgina Cochrane, pertencente a uma família escocesa admiradora das montanhas e de sólida formação literária e científica. A personificação de rochas e montanhas e a utilização de vulcões como metáforas de sentimentos ocultos são as expressões mais contundentes nos romances de Alencar; suas visões estão em acordo com a percepção sombria manifestada por Thomas Burnet e pelos poetas britânicos em relação às rochas. Para Alencar, o granito é a “rocha” por excelência e, assim como Goethe, o escritor demonstra desconforto diante do modelo plutonista defendido por Hutton e Lyell.
Analyzing Retirement Withdrawal Strategies
Authors: Rietz Robert , Blumenschein Tim , Crough Spencer , Cohen Albert 
Published: January 2018

An optimal withdrawal strategy beginning at age 65 provides a lifetime income from a portfolio, adjusted annually for inflation, while reducing the probability of living in financial ruin to an ac-ceptable level. This paper analyzes the probability of living in financial ruin, potentially for multiple years, rather than just the event of ruin. A stochastic Excel model was developed to simulate the effect of varying investment returns on a portfolio with two asset classes; large company stocks and long-term government bonds. A stochastic model is also applied to retiree mortality.

The following variables were analyzed to determine their relative impact on withdrawal strategies:
•	Withdrawing a constant percentage of the portfolio,
•	Gender,
•	Initial asset allocation,
•	Asset allocation rebalancing methods, and
•	Low investment return environments.
For both genders and most withdrawal rates, an approximately equal initial asset allocation of stocks and bonds, combined with a level rebalancing function, provided the lowest probability of living in financial ruin.
Because each investment return followed its own probability distribution function, some retirees experienced financial ruin even in the most conservative simulations.
Comportamiento métrico de las patentes concedidas en Cuba: su contribución a la innovación tecnológica nacional
Authors: Díaz Pérez Maidelyn , Giráldez Reyes Raudel , Carrillo-Calvet Humberto Andrés 
Published: January 2018

Los estudios métricos de patentes desde finales del pasado xx son una valiosa herramienta de vigilancia científica tecnológica y de innovación, convirtiéndose en instrumento indispensable para conocer el comportamiento tecnológico internacional. Sin embargo, los estudios patentométricos no son aplicados óptimamente por todos los países, ni por todos los organismos internacionales, tampoco son aprovechadas todas las potencialidades que ofrecen estos estudios para conocer los diferentes contextos de las innovaciones tecnológicas de un país. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el comportamiento métrico de las patentes concedidas en Cuba, aplicando una metodo logía propia que describe las principales innovaciones científico-tecnológicas patentadas por la Oficina Cubana de Propiedad Industrial. La metodología propuesta utiliza el software proIntec para la descarga, normalización, procesamiento, análisis y visualización de los datos procedentes de las patentes, y se aplica un amplio grupo de indicadores métricos relacionales y complejos, así como técnicas de redes sociales para visualizar los principales comportamientos de las innovaciones tecnológicas cubanas. Los resultados finales manifiestan las potencialidades de los estudios métricos de patentes, al poder representar los desarrollos tecnológicos del país y sus contribuciones al sistema de ciencia e innovación tecnológica nacional.AbstractMetric patent studies since the end of the last century are a valuable tool for scientific technological and innovation surveillance, becoming an indispensable instrument for knowing the international technological behavior. However, patentometric studies are not applied optimally by all countries or by all international organizations, nor are all the potential of these studies used to know the different contexts of a country’s technological innovations. This research aims to analyze the metric behavior of patents granted in Cuba applying an own methodology that describes the main technological scientific innovations patented by the Cuban Office of Industrial Property. The proposed methodology uses proIntec software for the download, normalization, processing, analysis and visualization of data from patents, and applies a large group of relational and complex metrics, as well as social networking techniques to visualize the main behaviors of Cuban technological innovations. The final results show the potential of metric patent studies to represent the country’s technological developments and its contributions to the national science and technological innovation system.
APPLYING MODERN MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES TO PRESERVE THE CULTURAL SPACE OF HISTORICAL CITIES USING THE CASE OF ST. PETERSBURG: METHODICAL APPROACHES
Authors: Антонова Анна , Antonova Anna , РАДУШИНСКАЯ Александра , RADUShINSKAYa Aleksandra , ШАРАПОВА Ольга , ShARAPOVA Ol'ga 
Published: January 2018

The article is dedicated to the questions of using modern multimedia technologies for popularization of historical cities as tourist attractions from and for pre- serving cultural heritage by partially transferring the influence of mass tourist flows from the real world to the virtual reality.
The authors formulate the main theses of the "new normality", reflecting the specifics of the current stage of economic development and characterizing the environment in which managerial decisions are currently being taken. The au- thors also highlight the main trends and challenges of this "new normality" influencing the development of tourism industry and, particularly, tourism in historical cities.
The article notes that technical capabilities and marketing needs of the target audience of travelers should be taken into account. The authors classify modern, technically accessible technologies of augmented and virtual reality and their possibilities in the organization of tourism in historic cities. The article shows the role of storytelling technologies in the forming the audiences of potential tourists and the loyalty of attendees, who visit the historic city more than once. The results of online surveys conducted on a sufficiently wide sample substantiate the relevance of the approaches proposed by the authors. The material also shows the ways of using the augmented reality tools in historical cities. The authors raise the issues of the safe organization of virtual space in the historic cities and propose options for approbation of the developed approach in St. Petersburg.
ECOLOGICAL TOURISM IN URBANIZED AREAS
Authors: МИШЕЧКИН Геннадий , MISHECHKIN Gennady , ГОЛУБНИЧАЯ Светлана , GOLUBNICHAYA Svetlana 
Published: January 2018

The article substitutes the relevance and priority of ecological tourism development in modern world, describes the theoretical and methodological basis of indicated type of tourism, gives a brief historical review of studying problem. Authors concentrate attention on development of ecological tourism in urbanized areas. Through the example of Donetsk region (Donetsk People's Republic)
– one of the most urbanized regions of the post-Soviet space – the main problems of ecological tourism development, prospects and potential opportunities for promotion of this direction in market of tourism are identified. The authors identify perspective objects of natural reserve fund for ecological tourism development in the region (using the cases of Amvrosievsky, Novoazovsky, Starobeshevsky, Shakhtersky districts and cities Gorlovka, Donetsk, Enakievo, Makeevka, Snezhnoe, Khartsyzsk), area of which is 3,7 % of common area of the region. The authors analyse the problems of using of these territories due to high population density, strong and negative anthropogenic impact. The authors calculate the quantitative indicators of security of the inhabitants of the region, which on the average is 80 m2 for one person. The specific measures for optimization and raise of efficiency of ecological tourism development in this region are proposed: zoning and monitoring of areas, ecological education and creating ecological worldview in public conscious, real and active involvement locals in tourist activity according to principles of sustainable development. The authors propose route “Green belt of Donbas’s” having a high potential for ecological tourism development in urbanized areas.
Cellular Energy Sensing and Metabolism—Implications for Treating Diabetes: The 2017 Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award Lecture
Authors: Steinberg Gregory R. 
Published: January 2018

The Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award recognizes distinguished scientific achievement in the field of diabetes, taking into consideration independence of thought and originality. Gregory R. Steinberg, PhD, professor of medicine, Canada Research Chair, J. Bruce Duncan Endowed Chair in Metabolic Diseases, and codirector of the Metabolism and Childhood Obesity Research Program at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, received the prestigious award at the American Diabetes Association’s 77th Scientific Sessions, 9–13 June 2017, in San Diego, CA. He presented the Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award Lecture, “Cellular Energy Sensing and Metabolism—Implications for Treating Diabetes,” on Monday, 12 June 2017.
The survival of all cells is dependent on the constant challenge to match energetic demands with nutrient availability, a task that is mediated through a highly conserved network of metabolic fuel sensors that orchestrate both cellular and whole-organism energy balance. A mismatch between cellular energy demand and nutrient availability is a key factor contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes; thus, understanding the fundamental mechanisms by which cells sense nutrient availability and demand may lead to the development of new treatments. Glucose-lowering therapies, such as caloric restriction, exercise, and metformin, all induce an energetic challenge that results in the activation of the cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Activation of AMPK in turn suppresses lipid synthesis and inflammation while increasing glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial function. In contrast, high levels of nutrient availability suppress AMPK activity while also increasing the production of peripheral serotonin, a gut-derived endocrine factor that suppresses β-adrenergic–induced activation of brown adipose tissue. Identifying new ways to manipulate these two ancient fuel gauges by activating AMPK and inhibiting peripheral serotonin may lead to the development of new therapies for treating type 2 diabetes.
PENGARUH VARIASI PH TERHADAP KADAR FLAVONOID PADA EKSTRAKSI PROPOLIS DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA SEBAGAI ANTIMIKROBA
Authors: Rismawati Suci Nurfazri , Ismiyati Ismiyati 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRAKPropolis telah dikenal dikalangan masyarakat sebagai obat, dan makanan kesehatan. Propolis merupakan zat resin yang dikumpulkan oleh lebah madu (stingless bee dan honey bee) dari berbagai tanaman yang memiliki khasiat seperti antimikroba, antioksidan, induksi apoptosis dan anti kanker. Propolis adalah substansi resin keras, maka diperlukan adanya proses ekstraksi untuk mendapatkan propolis yang siap dikonsumsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa pengaruh variasi pH terhadap proses ekstraksi propolis dengan pelarut air dan karakterisasinya sebagai zat antimikroba. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan teknik maserasi, dengan perbandingan bubuk propolis dan pelarut adalah 2:8, dengan variasi pH 2,4,6,8 dan 10. Flavonoid diukur dengan metode kolorimetri kompleksasi aluminium – flavonoid. Aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Staphylococcus aureus diukur dengan metode difusi disk dan pembentukan zona hambatan. Dari deret standar didapatkan hasil regresi sebesar 0,9995 dan kandungan flavonoid tertinggi didapatkan dengan menggunakan pelarut air pH 8 yaitu sebesar 62,6098 ppm. Aktifitas antibakteri dari propolis menunjukan hasil positif membentuk zona hambat pada pelarut air pH 8 yaitu sekitar 2,0 mm. Didapatkan persamaan persamaan garis linearnya yaitu y = 5,6029x - 4,2001 dengan nilai dengan R2 adalah 0,8289. Kadar flavonoid optimum ditunjukkan pada ekstraksi pada pH 8 Kata kunci :aktivitas antimikroba, flavonoid, pH, propolis ABSTRACTPropolis has been recognized among people as a medicine, and health food. Propolis is a resin substance collected by honey bee from various plants that have properties such as antimicrobials, antioxidants, apoptosis and anti-cancer. Propolis is a hard resin substance, it needs an extraction process to get propolis ready for consumption. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of pH variation on the extraction process of propolis with water solvent and its characterization as an antimicrobial agent. The extraction was done by maceration technique, with the ratio of propolis powder and solvent was 2: 8, with variation of pH 2,4,6,8 and 10. Flavonoids were measured by colorimetric complexation method of aluminum - flavonoids. Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was measured by the disk diffusion method and the formation of the inhibitory zone. From the standard series obtained regression of 0.9995 and the highest flavonoid content obtained by using water solvent pH 8 which is equal to 62.6098 ppm. Antibacterial activity of propolis showed positive result form resistor zone on water solvent pH 8 which is about 2.0 mm. The linear equation equation equation is y = 5,6029x - 4,2001 with with R2 is 0,8289. The optimum flavonoid content is indicated on the extraction at pH 8 Keywords: antimicrobial activity, flavonoids, pH, propolis
Notes from the Underground: Microwaves, Backbones, Party Lines and the Post Office Tower
Authors: Phillips John W. P. 
Published: January 2018

This chapter links the essential parasitism of cold war systems to some general trends of 20th century telecommunications (economically motivated service-oriented multi-media). Certain (existential) fictions of the second half of the century explore and instantiate the peculiar logic of the parasite. The chapter draws out the implications of an ethics grounded in the attempt to deal with this logic and questions where such attempts, and the desires that drive them, might lead. These ethical concerns are connected via technological analysis to the 1956 plan for a radio link (known as Backbone) running north and south through the UK, avoiding large towns and meant to provide a safe route for communications vital to the prosecution of a war. The conjunction of existentialist fiction with the cold war technology ties together a triad of puzzles of the era: communication, existence and the problem of other minds. But the problems have since shifted—the rational subject now comes into being belatedly as an interrupter, a parasite, displacing or replacing the previous parasite. The parasitical arrangement does not follow the formal order of subject and object but occurs intersubjectively, producing its subjects in the process and figuring a fundamental alteration in social relations.
Irish Drama and the Other Revolutions
Authors: Cannon Harris Susan 
Published: January 2018

The first modern Irish playwrights emerged in London in the 1890s, at the intersection of a rising international socialist movement and a new campaign for gender equality and sexual freedom. Irish Drama and the Other Revolutions shows how Irish playwrights mediated between the sexual and the socialist revolutions, and traces their impact on left theatre in Europe and America from the 1890s to the 1960s. Tracing the interactions and developments of these two revolutions from decadent London to Cold War New York, this book rereads both canonical and under-studied Irish plays and playwrights in the context of the history and culture of the international left—including utopian socialism, land nationalization, syndicalism, workers’ theatre, and McCarthyism. Drawing on archival research and contemporary queer theory, the study reconstructs the engagement of Yeats, Shaw, Wilde, Synge, O’Casey, and Beckett with socialists and sexual radicals like Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Morris, Edward Carpenter, Florence Farr, Bertolt Brecht, and Lorraine Hansberry. By examining the work of these Irish playwrights in the context of two other revolutions that defined the twentieth century, this book offers a richer understanding of the contributions of Irish playwrights to modern drama, and of the interactions between embodiment and ideology that continue to define the possibilities and limitations of left politics in the twenty-first century.
Les grottes sanctuaires dans le SE de la France
Authors: Gauchon Christophe 
Published: January 2018

This article is devoted to the study of around twenty underground sanc-
tuaries in Savoy , Dauphiné and Provence. Several historical factors can account for the sanctification of these caves. Many likenesses can be noted : accessibility , horizontality, the relative shortness of the galleries and the fact that they have often been adapted for this purpose. Even if most of these sanctuaries are currently abandoned, there is no denying the part they played in the discovery of subterranean world.
X-Ray Measurements of the Particle Acceleration Properties at Inward Shocks in Cassiopeia A
Authors: Sato Toshiki , Katsuda Satoru , Morii Mikio , Bamba Aya , Hughes John P. , Maeda Yoshitomo , Ishida Manabu , Fraschetti Federico 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present new evidence that the bright nonthermal X-ray emission features in the interior of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant are caused by inward-moving shocks, based on Chandra and NuSTAR observations. Several bright inward-moving filaments were identified using monitoring data taken by Chandra in 2000–2014. These inward-moving shock locations are nearly coincident with hard X-ray (15–40 keV) hot spots seen by NuSTAR. From proper-motion measurements, the transverse velocities were estimated to be in the range of ∼2100–3800 km s−1 for a distance of 3.4 kpc. The shock velocities in the frame of the expanding ejecta reach values of ∼5100–8700 km s−1, which is slightly higher than the typical speed of the forward shock. Additionally, we find flux variations (both increasing and decreasing) on timescales of a few years in some of the inward-moving shock filaments. The rapid variability timescales are consistent with an amplified magnetic field of B ∼ 0.5–1 mG. The high speed and low photon cut-off energy of the inward-moving shocks are shown to imply a particle diffusion coefficient that departs from the Bohm regime (k
0 = D
0/D
0,Bohm ∼ 3–8) for the few simple physical configurations we consider in this study. The maximum electron energy at these shocks is estimated to be ∼8–11 TeV, which is smaller than the values of ∼15–34 TeV that were inferred for the forward shock. Cassiopeia A is dynamically too young for its reverse shock to appear to be moving inward in the observer frame. We propose instead that the inward-moving shocks are a consequence of the forward shock encountering a density jump of ≳5–8 in the surrounding material.
Pré-tratamento com radiação UV-C: influencias sobre as propriedades tecnológicas e metabólitos em feijão armazenado
Authors: Ferreira Cristiano Dietrich , Ziegler Valmor , Cappelari Marcelo Ricardo , Peter Marcio , Oliveira Maurício 
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do tratamento com UV-C (10J/cm2) em pré-armazenamento de grãos, seguido de armazenamento durante 6 meses, sobre as propriedades químicas, tecnológicas e de metabólicas. Os feijões com 14 e 16% de umidade foram submetidos a radiação UV-C, a uma dose de 10J/cm2, utilizando uma câmara com 4 lâmpadas germicida (30W Phillips®) com um comprimento de onda de 254nm, distância de 60cm da fonte e a temperatura durante a irradiação de 25°C. Os grãos foram irradiados em triplicata, sendo posteriormente armazenados em câmara B.O.D com temperatura de 30°C durante 6 meses. Foram realizadas as análises de umidade, tempo de cocção, acidez, pH, condutividade elétrica, sólidos lixiviados, fenóis totais, taninos, antocianinas, proantocianidinas, flavonoides totais, ABTS e DPPH. O uso de radiação UV-C em feijão é possível, porque promove mínimas mudanças nas propriedades tecnológicas e químicas. A radiação UV-C tem mais influência sobre os metabólitos no tratamento de 16% de umidade, sendo os compostos fenólicos, proantocianidinas e flavonóides reduzidos quando a radiação UV-C é utilizada, enquanto que os taninos foram reduzidos em grãos não irradiados, estando diretamente relacionadas com o endurecimento dos grãos.
Quel engouement pour « .brussels » ? Analyse de l’utilisation de « .brussels » comme extension de nom de domaine de premier niveau
Authors: Waty Margot , van Hooland Seth , Hengchen Simon , Coeckelbergs Mathias , De Wilde Max , Decroly Jean-Michel 
Published: January 2018

En 2012, la libéralisation du marché des noms de domaine de premier niveau a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives aux entreprises, aux administrations et aux particuliers, en leur permettant d’inclure un élément géographique dans le nom de domaine de leurs sites web. Depuis lors, très peu d’études, pour autant qu’il en existe, ont été menées sur l’utilisation des nouveaux noms de domaine de premier niveau (top-level domain names, TLDN). À partir du cas spécifique du TLDN « .brussels », le présent article propose une analyse empirique de l’impact réel de l’ouverture de ce marché sur les pratiques en matière d’enregistrement de noms de domaine. Au moyen de logiciels en accès gratuit, tels qu’OpenRefine, et de méthodes de traitement du langage naturel (TLN), l’ensemble des 6 300 noms de domaine finissant par « .brussels » a pu être examiné du point de vue quantitatif. L’interprétation qualitative d’un échantillon statistiquement représentatif (592 noms de domaine) a permis d’affiner l’analyse pour voir comment ce nouveau TLDN est utilisé dans la pratique. Ainsi, l’article apporte des informations détaillées sur l’incidence des récentes modifications réglementaires relatives à l’enregistrement des noms de domaine. Voilà qui devrait éclairer chercheurs, décideurs, investisseurs et quiconque se souciant de l’identité de Bruxelles dans le monde numérique quant à la situation du TLDN « .brussels ».