bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensino fundamental de nove anos como política educacional: sobre o processo de implementação e alguns desdobramentos para crianças (d)e famílias de baixa renda
Authors: Sponchiado Justina Inês 
Published: November 2016

Este artigo reúne análises sobre concepções, indução e implementação de uma política educacional – o Ensino Fundamental de nove anos – que, na prática, traz como principal mudança o ajuste legal e a inserção de meninas e meninos de seis anos (e menos) num sistema escolar historicamente precarizado, sem que tivesse havido algum diálogo ou esforço de integração com a educação infantil e nem uma devida preparação para receber tais crianças. Sem exceções, os familiares entrevistados em pesquisa desenvolvida pela autora posicionam-se contrários à antecipação da idade de entrada no EF, falam de sofrimentos e dificuldades de suas crianças face às novas rotinas, e expressam preocupação com o atropelo seus ritmos – próprios da ainda pequena infância – , no processoensinoaprendizagem; e até mesmo com a saúde e segurança de suas crianças, posto que a escola reúne “grandes e pequenos” sem os cuidados elementares que notam demandar tal situação (pelo menos recreio e banheiros em separado e com fechaduras que funcionem; água filtrada, reivindicam). Relacionando tais dados gerados no contexto da pesquisa, com análises sobre formas de exclusão que ocorrem mesmo quando as crianças se mantém na escola, o presente artigo contribui para uma apreciação crítica da situação vivenciada pelas novas gerações decrianças filhas de trabalhadores de baixa renda – os que mais esperam e apostam na escola pública, como verificado no universo da pesquisa, pois que de fato não dispõem de outros modos de acesso ao conhecimento socialmente valorizado.
Os educadores em face da educação escolarizada: dos vínculos constitutivos do ofício à natureza multidimensional de seu exercício contemporâneo
Authors: Silva Sidinei Pithan da 
Published: November 2016

A construção da profissão professor na contemporaneidade circunscreve os vínculos históricos das transformações sociais, educacionais, científicas, filosóficas, tecnológicas e culturais ocorridas neste período. Neste sentido, buscar compreender melhor os acontecimentos que possibilitaram a construção da docência na contemporaneidade e dos saberes requeridos para atuar nesta modalidade envolve a problematização e o resgate acerca dos vínculos históricos que se estabeleceram entre educação, escola e sociedade, mais precisamente no que diz respeito à função social que esta terá que desempenhar, bem como das instituições responsáveis pela sua estruturação, organização e financiamento. A pergunta atual, no adentrar do século XXI, a respeito dos saberes que constituem a docência, e que são fundamentais para a estruturação da profissão professor, remete-nos, numa primeira parte deste trabalho, a tentar situar e compreender historicamente os vínculos contextuais que se estabeleceram entre o espaço e tempo social contemporâneo com o espaço e tempo escolarizado. Nessa mesma trajetória, para uma segunda parte da pesquisa, damos continuidade à problemática inicial tentando compreender a situação dadocência nos últimos vinte anos. Embasado em pesquisas de estudiosos portugueses, como Antonio Nóvoa, nos propomos a refletir sobre as novas relações que se estabelecem no contexto contemporâneo das reformas, enfocando e associando a situação de “mal-estar docente” e “crise na educação” às novas formas de percepção do espaço e do tempo características das sociedades humanas contemporâneas.
Apresentação Educação Crítica – pressupostos e aplicação em pesquisas / Critical Educational presentation – assumptions and applications in research
Authors: Gandin Luís Armando 
Published: November 2016

A Educação Crítica tem uma longa tradição de contribuição às pesquisas, ao entendimento dos fenômenos educacionais de nosso tempo e à intervenção nestes fenômenos. Muitos pesquisadores e estudiosos têm buscado explicar e aplicar a concepção crítica em educação.
Educação de orientadoras e de jovens em conflito com a lei em um programa de medidas socioeducativas
Authors: Caparrós Rubia Fernanda Quinelatto , Onofre Elenice Maria Cammarosano 
Published: November 2016

O presente artigo é resultado de pesquisa do Mestrado em Educação, da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, tendo como principal objetivo identificar compreensões sobre os processos educativos de orientadoras de um Programa de Medidas Socioeducativas, no município de São Carlos/SP, com jovens autores(as) de ato infracional. A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa contou com a participação de seis orientadoras eforam utilizados como procedimentos metodológicos entrevistas, registros em diários de campo e análise documental. Os dados coletados foramorganizados e deles emergiu, como um dos focos de análise, como se educam as orientadoras com os(as) jovens em conflito com a lei em umPrograma de Medidas Socioeducativas. A análise dos dados está embasada em autores latino-americanos como Freire, Fiori e Dussel, bem como em pesquisadores(as) do tema, que subsidiaram as reflexões desvelando e construindo caminhos em práticas sociais que ocorrem no interior de espaços de restrição de liberdade. Resultados da investigação evidenciam o educar e educar-se das orientadoras com os(as) jovens em conflito com a lei, constituindo em referências para pesquisas na área e possibilidades de formação de profissionais que atuam em Programas de Medidas Socioeducativas.
Emotividade versus razão no processo do conhecimento
Authors: Andreola Balduíno 
Published: November 2016

O Iluminismo, como movimento de idéias, representou grandes avanços, não apenas nos campos filosófico e científico, mas também na educação, na cultura, na política, na economia e no processo histórico de emancipação humana. Todavia, com a absolutização da razão e do indivíduo, desprezando outras dimensões da existência humana, o Iluminismo promoveu o racionalismo, o individualismo, a competição, a especulação capitalista, o colonialismo, a depredação da natureza, guerras sempre mais violentas, aumento das desigualdades, da pobreza, da fome e da violência, a tal ponto que numerosos pensadores caracterizam o mundo atual como a anti-civilização da barbárie, e nos desafiam à promoção de outras dimensões do humano, expressas pelas “razões do coração”. Na elaboração deste artigo baseio-me sobretudo nas contribuições do filósofo existencialista russo Nicolas Berdiaeff, em sua obra “Cinco Meditações sobre a Existência”, numa interlocução, porém, com outros pensadores, que dedicaram sua luta histórica à construção de outro mundo possível, mais humano e solidário.
Alguns desafios do financiamento da educação
Authors: Davies Nicholas 
Published: November 2016

O artigo examina, com base sobretudo em legislação, alguns aspectos problemáticos do financiamento da educação, como a destinação de recursos públicos para instituições privadas (FIES, por exemplo), a isenção fiscal delas (PROUNI, por exemplo), artifícios que retiraram/retiram verbas da educação pública (renúncias fiscais, nãoaplicação da verba legalmente devida), a pequena participação federal no financiamento da educação básica, inclusive no FUNDEF e no FUNDEB, a grande desigualdade tributária entre regiões, Estados e municípios, e o financiamento nos Planos Nacionais de Educação de 2001 e 2014.____________________________ResumenEl artículo examina, basado sobre todo en la legislación, algunos aspectos problemáticos del financiamiento de la educación, como la destinación de recursos públicos para instituciones privadas (FIES, por ejemplo), la exención fiscal de ellas (PROUNI, por ejemplo), artificios que retiraron/retiran verbas de la educación pública (renuncias fiscales, no aplicaciones de la asignación legalmente endeudada), la pequeña participación federal en el financiamiento de la educación básica, incluso en el FUNDEF y en el FUNDEB, las grandes desigualdades tributarias entre las regiones, Estados y municipios, y el financiamiento en los Planes Nacionales de Educación de 2001 y 2014.Palabras Clave: Financiamiento educacional. Legislación Educacional. Privatización de la enseñanza.
Couvrez ce genre que le droit ne saurait voir : la difficile circulation du concept féministe de genre dans la langue juridique
Authors: Langevin Louise 
Published: November 2016

Élément fondamental des théories féministes, la notion de genre a beaucoup évolué depuis les années 1970. Elle a permis de penser les rapports sociaux hiérarchisés entre la classe « homme » et la classe « femme » et de dénaturaliser ces deux classes, mais aussi de démontrer le caractère construit du sexe biologique. Ainsi, le genre précède le sexe. Si le genre a été une catégorie d'analyse « utile » pour penser l'histoire des femmes, pour reprendre l'affirmation de Joan W. Scott, l'a-t-il été pour les droits des femmes ? L'étude analyse l'inclusion du concept féministe de genre dans le vocabulaire onusien et dans les législations canadienne et québécoise. La notion de genre s'est progressivement imposée dans le langage international des droits fondamentaux, non sans avoir perdu son sens féministe subversif. Du côté canadien, le concept féministe de genre a peu percolé dans les lois fédérales et provinciales. Il s'est perdu dans les méandres du transfert des écrits féministes vers le vocabulaire législatif. Même si le concept de genre est absent du langage législatif canadien, on ne peut cependant pas conclure que ce concept n'a pas été « utile » pour une meilleure reconnaissance des droits des femmes.
Pretreatment growth rate as a predictor of tumor control following Gamma Knife radiosurgery for sporadic vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Marston Alexander P. , Jacob Jeffrey T. , Carlson Matthew L. , Pollock Bruce E. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Link Michael J. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVEOver the last 30 years, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become an established noninvasive treatment alternative for small- to medium-sized vestibular schwannoma (VS). This study aims to further define long-term SRS tumor control in patients with documented pretreatment tumor growth for whom conservative observation failed.METHODSA prospective clinical database was queried, and patients with sporadic VS who elected initial observation and subsequently underwent SRS after documented tumor growth between 2004 and 2014 were identified. Posttreatment tumor growth or shrinkage was determined by a ≥ 2-mm increase or decrease in maximum linear dimension, respectively.RESULTSSixty-eight patients met study inclusion criteria. The median pre- and posttreatment observation periods were 16 and 43.5 months, respectively. The median dose to the tumor margin was 13 Gy (range 12–14 Gy), and the median maximum dose was 26 Gy (range 24–28 Gy). At the time of treatment, 59 tumors exhibited extracanalicular (EC) extension, and 9 were intracanalicular (IC). Of the 59 EC VSs, 50 (85%) remained stable or decreased in size following treatment, and 9 (15%) enlarged by > 2 mm. Among EC tumors, the median pretreatment tumor growth rate was 2.08 mm/year for tumors that decreased or were stable, compared with 3.26 mm/year for tumors that grew following SRS (p = 0.009). Patients who demonstrated a pretreatment growth rate of < 2.5 mm/year exhibited a 97% tumor control rate, compared with 69% for those demonstrating ≥ 2.5 mm/year of growth prior to SRS (p = 0.007). No other analyzed variables were found to predict tumor growth following SRS.CONCLUSIONSOverall, SRS administered using a marginal dose between 12–14 Gy is highly effective in treating VSs in which initial observation fails. Tumor control is achieved in 97% of VSs that exhibit slow (< 2.5 mm/year) pretreatment growth; however, SRS is less successful in treating tumors exhibiting rapid growth (≥ 2.5 mm/year).
QuickBrain MRI for the detection of acute pediatric traumatic brain injury
Authors: Sheridan David C. , Newgard Craig D. , Selden Nathan R. , Jafri Mubeen A. , Hansen Matthew L. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE
The current gold-standard imaging modality for pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is CT, but it confers risks associated with ionizing radiation. QuickBrain MRI (qbMRI) is a rapid brain MRI protocol that has been studied in the setting of hydrocephalus, but its ability to detect traumatic injuries is unknown.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients with TBI who were undergoing evaluation at a single Level I trauma center between February 2010 and December 2013. Patients who underwent CT imaging of the head and qbMRI during their acute hospitalization were included. Images were reviewed independently by 2 neuroradiology fellows blinded to patient identifiers. Image review consisted of identifying traumatic mass lesions and their intracranial compartment and the presence or absence of midline shift. CT imaging was used as the reference against which qbMRI was measured.

RESULTS
A total of 54 patients met the inclusion criteria; the median patient age was 3.24 years, 65% were male, and 74% were noted to have a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14 or greater. The sensitivity and specificity of qbMRI to detect any lesion were 85% (95% CI 73%–93%) and 100% (95% CI 61%–100%), respectively; the sensitivity increased to 100% (95% CI 89%–100%) for clinically important TBIs as previously defined. The mean interval between CT and qbMRI was 27.5 hours, and approximately half of the images were obtained within 12 hours.

CONCLUSIONS
In this retrospective pilot study, qbMRI demonstrated reasonable sensitivity and specificity for detecting a lesion or injury seen with neuroimaging (radiographic TBI) and clinically important acute pediatric TBI.
Epilepsy surgery in patients with autism
Authors: Kokoszka Malgosia A. , McGoldrick Patricia E. , La Vega-Talbott Maite , Raynes Hillary , Palmese Christina A. , Wolf Steven M. , Harden Cynthia L. , Ghatan Saadi 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to report outcomes of epilepsy surgery in 56 consecutive patients with autism spectrum disorder.

METHODS
Medical records of 56 consecutive patients with autism who underwent epilepsy surgery were reviewed with regard to clinical characteristics, surgical management, postoperative seizure control, and behavioral changes.

RESULTS
Of the 56 patients with autism, 39 were male, 45 were severely autistic, 27 had a history of clinically significant levels of aggression and other disruptive behaviors, and 30 were considered nonverbal at baseline. Etiology of the epilepsy was known in 32 cases, and included structural lesions, medical history, and developmental and genetic factors. Twenty-nine patients underwent resective treatments (in 8 cases combined with palliative procedures), 24 patients had only palliative treatments, and 3 patients had only subdural electroencephalography. Eighteen of the 56 patients had more than one operation. The mean age at surgery was 11 ± 6.5 years (range 1.5–35 years). At a mean follow-up of 47 ± 30 months (range 2–117 months), seizure outcomes included 20 Engel Class I, 12 Engel Class II, 18 Engel Class III, and 3 Engel Class IV cases. The age and follow-up times are stated as the mean ± SD. Three patients were able to discontinue all antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Aggression and other aberrant behaviors observed in the clinical setting improved in 24 patients. According to caregivers, most patients also experienced some degree of improvement in daily social and cognitive function. Three patients had no functional or behavioral changes associated with seizure reduction, and 2 patients experienced worsening of seizures and behavioral symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS
Epilepsy surgery in patients with autism is feasible, with no indication that the comorbidity of autism should preclude a good outcome. Resective and palliative treatments brought seizure freedom or seizure reduction to the majority of patients, although one-third of the patients in this study required more than one procedure to achieve worthwhile improvement in the long term, and few patients were able to discontinue all AEDs. The number of palliative procedures performed, the need for multiple interventions, and continued use of AEDs highlight the complex etiology of epilepsy in patients with autism spectrum disorder. These considerations underscore the need for continued analysis, review, and reporting of surgical outcomes in patients with autism, which may aid in better identification and management of surgical candidates. The reduction in aberrant behaviors observed in this series suggests that some behaviors previously attributed to autism may be associated with intractable epilepsy, and further highlights the need for systematic evaluation of the relationship between the symptoms of autism and refractory seizures.
Novel biomarker identification using metabolomic profiling to differentiate radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor following Gamma Knife radiosurgery
Authors: Lu Alex Y. , Turban Jack L. , Damisah Eyiyemisi C. , Li Jie , Alomari Ahmed K. , Eid Tore , Vortmeyer Alexander O. , Chiang Veronica L. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVEFollowing an initial response of brain metastases to Gamma Knife radiosurgery, regrowth of the enhancing lesion as detected on MRI may represent either radiation necrosis (a treatment-related inflammatory change) or recurrent tumor. Differentiation of radiation necrosis from tumor is vital for management decision making but remains difficult by imaging alone. In this study, gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF) was used to identify differential metabolite profiles of the 2 tissue types obtained by surgical biopsy to find potential targets for noninvasive imaging.METHODSSpecimens of pure radiation necrosis and pure tumor obtained from patient brain biopsies were flash-frozen and validated histologically. These formalin-free tissue samples were then analyzed using GC-TOF. The metabolite profiles of radiation necrosis and tumor samples were compared using multivariate and univariate statistical analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05.RESULTSFor the metabolic profiling, GC-TOF was performed on 7 samples of radiation necrosis and 7 samples of tumor. Of the 141 metabolites identified, 17 (12.1%) were found to be statistically significantly different between comparison groups. Of these metabolites, 6 were increased in tumor, and 11 were increased in radiation necrosis. An unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis found that tumor had elevated levels of metabolites associated with energy metabolism, whereas radiation necrosis had elevated levels of metabolites that were fatty acids and antioxidants/cofactors.CONCLUSIONSTo the authors' knowledge, this is the first tissue-based metabolomics study of radiation necrosis and tumor. Radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor following Gamma Knife radiosurgery for brain metastases have unique metabolite profiles that may be targeted in the future to develop noninvasive metabolic imaging techniques.
Randomized controlled trials in neurosurgery: an observational analysis of trial discontinuation and publication outcome
Authors: Jamjoom Aimun A. B. , Gane Angus B. , Demetriades Andreas K. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to determine the trial discontinuation and publication rate of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in neurosurgery.METHODSTrials registered from 2000 to 2012 were identified on the website clinicaltrials.gov using a range of key words related to neurosurgery. Any trials that were actively recruiting or had unknown status were excluded. Included trials were assessed for whether they were discontinued early on the clinicaltrials.gov database; this included trials identified as withdrawn, suspended, or terminated in the database. For included trials, a range of parameters was identified including the subspecialty, primary country, study start date, type of intervention, number of centers, and funding status. Subsequently, a systematic search for published peer-reviewed articles was undertaken. For trials that were discontinued early or were found to be unpublished, principal investigators were sent a querying email.RESULTSSixty-four neurosurgical trials fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Of these 64, 26.6% were discontinued early, with slow or insufficient recruitment cited as the major reason (57%). Of the 47 completed trials, 14 (30%) remained unpublished. Discontinued trials showed a statistically significant higher chance of remaining unpublished (88%) compared with completed trials (p = 0.0002). Industry-funded trials had a higher discontinuation rate (31%) compared with non–industry-funded trials (23%), but this result did not reach significance (p = 0.57). Reporting of primary outcome measures was complete in 20 (61%) of 33 trials. For secondary outcome measures, complete reporting occurred in only 11 (33.3%) of 33.CONCLUSIONSMore than a fifth (26.6%) of neurosurgical RCTs are discontinued early and almost a third of those that are completed remain unpublished. This result highlights significant waste of financial resources and clinical data.
Enlarged subarachnoid spaces and intracranial hemorrhage in children with accidental head trauma
Authors: Fingarson Amanda K. , Ryan Maura E. , McLone Suzanne G. , Bregman Corey , Flaherty Emalee G. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE
Benign external hydrocephalus (BEH) is an enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces (SASs) that can be seen in young children. It is controversial whether children with BEH are predisposed to developing subdural hemorrhage (SDH) with or without trauma. This issue is clinically relevant as a finding of unexplained SDH raises concerns about child abuse and often prompts child protection and law enforcement investigations.

METHODS
This retrospective study included children (1–24 months of age) who underwent head CT scanning after an accidental fall of less than 6 feet. Head CT scans were reviewed, cranial findings were documented, and the SAS was measured and qualitatively evaluated. Enlarged SAS was defined as an extraaxial space (EAS) greater than 4 mm on CT scans. Clinical measurements of head circumference (HC) were noted, and the head circumference percentile was calculated. The relationship between enlarged SAS and HC percentile, and enlarged SAS and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), were investigated using bivariate analysis.

RESULTS
Of the 110 children included in this sample, 23 had EASs greater than 4 mm. The mean patient age was 6.8 months (median 6.0 months). Thirty-four patients (30.9%) had ICHs, including subarachnoid/subpial (6.2%), subdural (6.2%), epidural (5.0%), and unspecified extraaxial hemorrhage (16.5%). Enlarged SAS was positively associated with subarachnoid/subpial hemorrhage; there was no association between enlarged SASs and either SDH or epidural hemorrhage. A larger SAS was positively associated with larger HC percentile; however, HC percentile was not independently associated with ICH.

CONCLUSIONS
Enlarged SAS was not associated with SDH, but was associated with other ICHs. The authors' findings do not support the theory that BEH predisposes children to SDH with minor accidental trauma.