bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annual Research Review: An expanded account of information‐processing mechanisms in risk for child and adolescent anxiety and depression
Authors: Lau Jennifer Y. F. , Waters Allison M. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundAnxiety and depression occurring during childhood and adolescence are common and costly. While early‐emerging anxiety and depression can arise through a complex interplay of ‘distal’ factors such as genetic and environmental influences, temperamental characteristics and brain circuitry, the more proximal mechanisms that transfer risks on symptoms are poorly delineated. Information‐processing biases, which differentiate youth with and without anxiety and/or depression, could act as proximal mechanisms that mediate more distal risks on symptoms. This article reviews the literature on information‐processing biases, their associations with anxiety and depression symptoms in youth and with other distal risk factors, to provide direction for further research.MethodsBased on strategic searches of the literature, we consider how youth with and without anxiety and/or depression vary in how they deploy attention to social‐affective stimuli, discriminate between threat and safety cues, retain memories of negative events and appraise ambiguous information. We discuss how these information‐processing biases are similarly or differentially expressed on anxiety and depression and whether these biases are linked to genetic and environmental factors, temperamental characteristics and patterns of brain circuitry functioning implicated in anxiety and depression.FindingsBiases in attention and appraisal characterise both youth anxiety and depression but with some differences in how these are expressed for each symptom type. Difficulties in threat‐safety cue discrimination characterise anxiety and are understudied in depression, while biases in the retrieval of negative and overgeneral memories have been observed in depression but are understudied in anxiety. Information‐processing biases have been studied in relation to some distal factors but not systematically, so relationships remain inconclusive.ConclusionsBiases in attention, threat‐safety cue discrimination, memory and appraisal may characterise anxiety and/or depression risk. We discuss future research directions that can more systematically test whether these biases act as proximal mechanisms that mediate other distal risk factors.
Hybrid implementation model of community‐partnered early intervention for toddlers with autism: a randomized trial
Authors: Shire Stephanie Y. , Chang Ya‐Chih , Shih Wendy , Bracaglia Suzanne , Kodjoe Maria , Kasari Connie 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundInterventions found to be effective in research settings are often not as effective when implemented in community settings. Considering children with autism, studies have rarely examined the efficacy of laboratory‐tested interventions on child outcomes in community settings using randomized controlled designs.MethodsOne hundred and thirteen children with autism enrolled in public early intervention classrooms in low resource neighborhoods were randomized to Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation (JASPER) intervention or treatment as usual waitlist for 10 weeks with 1‐month follow‐up.ResultsTeaching assistants delivered JASPER at adequate fidelity. Children randomized to JASPER demonstrated significant gains over treatment as usual in core developmental outcomes of joint engagement, joint attention, and play skills that were maintained at follow‐up.ConclusionsSupervised teaching assistants delivered JASPER intervention with a range of toddlers with autism leading to significant gains in developmental outcomes.
The therapeutic potential of targeting chemokine signalling in the treatment of chronic pain
Authors: Montague Karli , Malcangio Marzia 
Published: December 2016

AbstractChronic pain is a distressing condition, which is experienced even when the painful stimulus, whether surgery or disease related, has subsided. Current treatments for chronic pain show limited efficacy and come with a host of undesirable side‐effects, and thus there is a need for new, more effective therapies to be developed. The mechanisms underlying chronic pain are not fully understood at present, although pre‐clinical models have facilitated the progress of this understanding considerably in the last decade. The mechanisms underlying chronic pain were initially thought to be neurocentric. However, we now appreciate that non‐neuronal cells play a significant role in nociceptive signalling through their communication with neurons. One of the major signalling pathways, which mediates neuron/non‐neuronal communication, is chemokine signalling. In this review, we discuss selected chemokines that have been reported to play a pivotal role in the mechanisms underlying chronic pain in a variety of pre‐clinical models. Approaches that target each of the chemokines discussed in this review come with their advantages and disadvantages; however, the inhibition of chemokine actions is emerging as an innovative therapeutic strategy, which is now reaching the clinic, with the chemokine Fractalkine and its CX3CR1 receptor leading the way.This article is part of the special article series “Pain”.
image
Clinical features and factors associated with non‐carious cervical lesions and dentin hypersensitivity
Authors: Yoshizaki K. T. , Francisconi‐dos‐Rios L. F. , Sobral M. A. P. , Aranha A. C. C. , Mendes F. M. , Scaramucci T. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryDetermining the factors associated with NCCLs and DH in populations could guide the implementation of specific preventive measures. This study evaluated the clinical features and factors associated with non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) and dentin hypersensitivity (DH) in a Brazilian population. The participants were 118 patients at the Dentistry Clinic of our dental school. They completed an interview to obtain personal information and determine the possible factors associated with NCCLs and DH. Clinical examination was undertaken to record the NCCLs, shape of the lesion and certain occlusal factors. DH was diagnosed by air and probe tests. Data were analysed with the multilevel Poisson regression and prevalence ratios, and the respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The prevalence of NCCLs and DH among patients was 67·8% and 51·7%, respectively. Of a total number of 2902 teeth examined, 9·65% had NCCLs and 5·82% were sensitive to air. The most affected teeth for both conditions were the premolars. Most of the NCCLs were wedge‐shaped and located in the maxilla. The factors associated with NCCLs and DH were age and presence of premature occlusal contacts. NCCLs were also significantly associated with consumption of wine and alcoholic beverages, and DH with consumption of acidic fruits and juices. NCCLs were a common finding, with higher frequency in more advanced age groups, the maxilla and premolars. A significant association occurred between NCCLs, premature contacts and consumption of wine and alcoholic beverages. DH was associated with NCCLs, premature contacts and with the consumption of acidic fruits and juices.
Elevated iron status and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fernández‐Cao José C. , Aranda Núria , Ribot Blanca , Tous Mònica , Arija Victoria 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies was to assess the relationship between elevated iron status, measured as hemoglobin and ferritin levels, and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The present study was recorded in PROSPERO (2013:CRD42013005717). The selected studies were identified through a systematic review of scientific literature published in The Cochrane Library and PubMed/MEDLINE databases from their inception until March 10, 2016, in addition to citation tracking and hand‐searches. The search strategy of original articles combined several terms for hemoglobin, ferritin, pregnancy, and GDM. OR and 95% CI of the selected studies were used to identify associations between hemoglobin and/or ferritin levels with the risk of GDM. Summary estimates were calculated by combining inverse‐variance using fixed‐effects model. 2468 abstracts were initially found during the search. Of these, 11 with hemoglobin and/or ferritin data were selected for the meta‐analyses. We observed that high hemoglobin (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.23–1.88), as well as ferritin (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.48–2.96) levels were linked to an increased risk of GDM. Low heterogeneity was observed in hemoglobin (I2 = 33.3%, P = 0.151) and ferritin (I2 = 0.7%, P = 0.418) meta‐analyses, respectively. Publication bias was not appreciated. High hemoglobin or ferritin levels increase the risk of GDM by more than 50% and more than double, respectively, in the first and third trimester. Therefore, determining of hemoglobin or ferritin concentration in early pregnancy might be a useful tool for recognizing pregnant women at risk of GDM.
Phenotype and genotype analyses in seven families with dentinogenesis imperfecta or dentin dysplasia
Authors: Li F , Liu Y , Liu H , Yang J , Zhang F , Feng H 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveHereditary dentin defects can be categorised into two classes according to their clinical manifestations: dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI), which includes three types (DGI‐I, DGI‐II and DGI‐III), and dentin dysplasia (DD), which includes two types (DD‐I and DD‐II). This study investigated the phenotypic characteristics and genetic causes of hereditary dentin defects in seven Chinese families.Materials and methodsSeven families affected with DGI‐II, DGI‐III or DD‐II were enrolled. Clinical examinations were performed to determine the phenotypic characteristics, and DNA samples were collected for Sanger sequencing.ResultsClinical diagnoses revealed DGI‐II in five families, DGI‐III in one family and DD‐II in one family. Variants of the dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene were found in six of the seven families. Of these, c.52G>T was identified in two families. Each of the remaining four families had a different variant: c.2684delG, c.52‐2A>G, c.1874‐1877delACAG and c.3509‐3521del13bp; the last three variants were novel.ConclusionsThis is the first study to analyse all three important types of hereditary dentin defect and include comprehensive genetic analyses of both dentin sialoprotein and dentin phosphoprotein in Chinese families. This study expands the spectrum of DSPP variants, highlighting their associated phenotypic continuum.
Acute intoxication due to Wisteria floribunda seed in seven young children
Authors: Kim Dongwan , Park Jihyoung , Kim Yun Mi , Tchah Hann 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundWisteria floribunda is a vine commonly found in Korea, Japan, and the USA. The objective of this observational study was to assess the toxicity of W. floribunda seeds in young children.MethodsOf 28 children in a kindergarten who participated in a field trip, seven ingested W. floribunda seeds: six half of the seed and one a whole seed. These seven children were admitted to the Gachon University Gil Medical Center in Incheon, Korea.ResultsAll of the children had vomiting within 4 h of ingesting the W. floribunda seed; the child who ingested a whole seed began to vomit 2 h after ingestion. By 5 h after ingestion, they all complained of abdominal pain and one child was lethargic. Leukocytosis was observed in all of the children. Abdominal pain and vomiting subsided in all of the children within 2 days after admission. The average duration of hospitalization was 3.1 days.ConclusionsW. floribunda seed ingestion induced gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms in these young children. Given that the onset of vomiting was earlier in the child who ingested a whole seed than in the children who had ingested only a half, the amount of ingested seeds may be associated with the severity of the symptoms. Ingestion of half a raw W. floribunda seed can cause gastrointestinal symptoms in young children and even result in hospitalization.
The onset of puberty in Cameroon Dwarf goats kept as pets in northwestern Croatia
Authors: Đuričić D , Vince S , Valpotić H , Žura Žaja I , Turk R , Lojkić M , Getz I , Berta V , Samardžija M 
Published: December 2016

ContentsThe aim of this study was to determine onset of puberty in Cameroon Dwarf goats (CDGs) kept as pets in northwestern Croatia by determining progesterone (PGS) and insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) levels in the blood by RIA methods. The first cyclic ovarian activity was estimated according to hormone profiles as determined in CDG in a moderate climate environment. Sixteen female CDG kids were kept in stables with access to pasture which provided space for exercise. The goat kids born in winter (December–January–February), spring (March–April–May), summer (June–July–August) and autumn (September–October–November) were assigned into four groups according to the season of the year of birth (n = 4 in each group). At 75 days of age at the initiation of the study, they weighed between 3.2 and 5.1 kg (4.24 ± 0.53 kg). The onset of ovulatory activity was determined by PGS and IGF‐I serum concentrations every 10 days starting from 75 days to 155 days of age. The onset of puberty in CDG kids occurred on average at 141.15 ± 2.66 days of age, but varied depending on the season of birth. All CDG kids born during summer were in heat by 155 days of age. In the other groups (kids born in autumn, winter or spring), one goat in each group was not in heat. Changes in blood serum PGS and IGF‐I concentrations during prepubertal and pubertal periods could aid in the evaluation of reproductive status and determination of the onset of puberty in CDG during all seasons of the year in a moderate climate region.
Reclamation and habitat‐disturbance effects on landbird abundance and productivity indices in the oil sands region of northeastern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Foster Kenneth R. , Godwin Christine M. , Pyle Peter , Saracco James F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe pace and scale of reclamation in Alberta's oil sands region are increasing, and techniques to measure and validate the ecological function of developing habitats are needed. In Alberta, achievement of equivalent land capability to that present before disturbance is a regulatory requirement of reclamation certification. We compared landbird abundance and productivity indices from mist‐netting data collected in 2011–2013 using the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) protocol with local habitat covariates at 35 monitoring stations in natural, reclaimed, and disturbed habitats. Principal component analysis of habitat covariates explained 83% of the variation in 20 habitat‐structure variables. We found significant relationships between habitat covariates and captures of adult birds, young birds, and/or the probability of capturing a young bird (productivity) for 12 landbird species; in some cases, capture responses contrasted with productivity responses to habitat variables. Responses to reclamation age were as expected, given habitat preferences of our target species. Positive responses to reclamation age from obligate forest‐dwelling species take more years to become evident than those for species preferring successional‐stage habitats, while one species that prefers open, grassland habitats appeared to decline with reclamation age, presumably due to habitat succession. Application of the MAPS protocol as a tool to evaluate and track the performance of reclaimed and disturbed habitats is demonstrated, with landbird abundance and productivity indices in natural habitats being useful indicators of equivalent land capability.
Torture, Dignity, and Humiliation
Authors: van der Rijt Jan‐Willem 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSeveral recent analyses of torture focus on the humiliation torture inflicts on the victim as the principal evil inherent in torture. This paper challenges this focus by arguing that the connection between torture and humiliation is not a necessary one. Though it is true that most contemporary usages of torture humiliate, it is shown that this is dependent on both the context of the torture and the specific means of torture applied. It is demonstrated that, in certain circumstances, torture is feasible without inflicting the humiliation contemporary accounts of torture identify. At a theoretical level, it may even be possible to use torture as a way of explicitly expressing respect. The paper, therefore, warns against hinging the entire case against torture on humiliation and argues that we should scrutinize other ways in which torture may violate dignity, too.
Measurement of high‐temperature strains in superalloy and carbon/carbon composites using chemical composition gratings
Authors: Xie Weihua , Meng Songhe , Jin Hua , Du Chong , Huo Shiyu , Wang Libin , Peng Tao , Scarpa Fabrizio , Xu Chenghai 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper describes an experimental and signal processing technique to perform high temperature tests on superalloy (INCONEL) and carbon/carbon structures using silica‐based chemical composition gratings (CCGs). The results obtained from applying this technique at 940°C in superalloys and 950°C for carbon/carbon (C/C) composites are benchmarked against data obtained from four different methods. The results show that the wavelength responses of the CCGs bonded on the superalloy and on the C/C plate increase nonlinearly with increasing temperatures. The temperature‐dependent strain transfer coefficients recorded during the superalloy tests show quite stable results below 600 °C and tend to slightly decrease thereafter. The values of the strain transfer coefficients below 1000 °C are significantly affected by the thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate material and the interface. We demonstrate that the strain transfer coefficient calculation method used in this paper is not suitable for low and/or negative expansion material. The results of the relative errors show that the CCGs‐F method based on the quadratic dependence of the wavelength shift versus the temperature appears to be the best to estimate the mechanical strains within the interval of temperatures considered and the measurement accuracy. The relative errors measured between 200 °C and 1000 °C are less than 5%.
Prevention of transfusion‐transmitted Zika virus in French Polynesia, nucleic acid testing versus pathogen inactivation
Authors: Musso D. , Broult J. , Bierlaire D. , Lanteri M. C. , Aubry M. 
Published: December 2016

Background and ObjectivesFrench Polynesia (FP) experienced a large Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in 2013–2014. Flavivirus transfusion‐transmission infections (TTIs) had been previously reported. We evaluated several mitigating strategies to prevent ZIKV TTIs in FP.Material and MethodsMitigation strategies consisted of pre/postdonation symptom reporting, donor deferral, importation of plasma units from non‐endemic areas, quarantine of blood components, blood screening using a laboratory‐developed nucleic acid testing (NAT) assay and platelet pathogen inactivation (PI) using the INTERCEPT Blood Systems. The pros and cons of NAT versus PI to prevent ZIKV TTIs were determined.ResultsDonor interview, deferral and component quarantine strategies were not sensitive enough to prevent subsequent detection of ZIKV RNA NAT‐positive donations. A 12‐week delay between the onset of outbreak and NAT implementation allowed for 30 blood products collected from 30 asymptomatic blood donors who retrospectively tested positive for ZIKV RNA by NAT to be transfused while platelet PI which was in routine use since 2010 in FP potentially prevented several cases of ZIKV TTIs.ConclusionNucleic acid testing and PI were used in FP to prevent ZIKV TTIs. NAT was an effective measure once implemented but is not a proactive solution. PI is a proactive solution but with only systems approved for platelets and plasma. Based on the FP experience, there is an urgent need for approved whole blood and/or red blood cell PI systems and to develop multiplex NAT to maintain the availability of the blood supply in remote areas during arbovirus epidemics.
Methodological challenges in observational transfusion research: lessons learned from the Scandinavian Donations and Transfusions (SCANDAT) database
Authors: Edgren G. , Rostgaard K. , Hjalgrim H. 
Published: December 2016

Background and ObjectivesAn increasing number of investigations into different aspects of transfusion therapy are being conducted using data extracted from a wide range of electronic data sources. Results of such observational studies, however, have in some instances been conflicting, possibly as an effect of variable attention to methodological and statistical detail. In this review, we will introduce and discuss some recent examples of important methodological problems.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed the recent literature of observational studies of possible deleterious effects of aspects of transfusion therapy, including donor factors, donation factors and component factors. From this literature, we identified a number of potential methodological problems and assessed these using data from the Scandinavian donations and transfusions (SCANDAT2) database.ResultsThe main finding of our review relates to the importance of maintaining sufficient attention to epidemiological and statistical methods. The most important factor to consider is perhaps the number of transfusions which is often found to be an important confounding factor in this field. We also review recently applied methods for studying disease transmission through blood transfusion.ConclusionWhile observational research in the transfusion medicine field has great potential for improving transfusion safety, pitfalls are plentiful and easy to overlook. In this review, we have gone over some methodological issues that we feel are especially important to consider for researchers who are involved in this type of research.