bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Components of Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Disability among the Elderly Population
Authors: Liaw Fang-Yih , Kao Tung-Wei , Wu Li-Wei , Wang Chung-Ching , Yang Hui-Fang , Peng Tao-Chun , Sun Yu-Shan , Chang Yaw-Wen , Chen Wei-Liang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe direct relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and function disability has not been established. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between MetS and functional disability in the elderly. This retrospective observational study included 1,778 participants aged 60–84 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2002). Impairments in activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), leisure and social activities (LSA), lower extremity mobility (LEM), and general physical activities (GPA) were assessed. Additionally, the associations between the features of MetS and disability were evaluated. MetS was associated with a high prevalence of functional dependence in ADL, IADL, LSA, LEM, and GPA. After adjusting for potential confounders, a high number of MetS components was found to be associated with increased disability (P = 0.002). Additionally, associations were observed between MetS components, including abdominal obesity and high triglycerides levels, and functional dependence in ADL, IADL, LSA, LEM, and GPA (all, P < 0.05). A linear increase in disability might be associated with the number of MetS components in an elderly population. Additionally, MetS abnormalities, particularly abdominal obesity and high triglycerides levels, might be highly predictive of functional dependence in the elderly.
Emergence of a novel bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) prion from an atypical H-type BSE
Authors: Masujin Kentaro , Okada Hiroyuki , Miyazawa Kohtaro , Matsuura Yuichi , Imamura Morikazu , Iwamaru Yoshifumi , Murayama Yuichi , Yokoyama Takashi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe H-type of atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (H-BSE) was serially passaged in bovinized transgenic (TgBoPrP) mice. At the fourth passage, most challenged mice showed a typical H-BSE phenotype with incubation periods of 223 ± 7.8 days. However, a different phenotype of BSE prion with shorter incubation periods of 109 ± 4 days emerged in a minor subset of the inoculated mice. The latter showed distinct clinical signs, brain pathology and abnormal prion protein profiles as compared to H-BSE and other known BSE strains in mice. This novel prion was transmitted intracerebrally to cattle, with incubation periods of 14.8 ± 1.5 months, with phenotypes that differed from those of other bovine prion strains. These data suggest that intraspecies transmission of H-BSE in cattle allows the emergence of a novel BSE strain. Therefore, the continuation of feed ban programs may be necessary to exclude the recycling of H-BSE prions, which appear to arise spontaneously, in livestock. Such measures should help to reduce the risks from both novel and known strains of BSE.
Full-scale computation for all the thermoelectric property parameters of half-Heusler compounds
Authors: Hong A. J. , Li L. , He R. , Gong J. J. , Yan Z. B. , Wang K. F. , Liu J. -M. , Ren Z. F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe thermoelectric performance of materials relies substantially on the band structures that determine the electronic and phononic transports, while the transport behaviors compete and counter-act for the power factor PF and figure-of-merit ZT. These issues make a full-scale computation of the whole set of thermoelectric parameters particularly attractive, while a calculation scheme of the electronic and phononic contributions to thermal conductivity remains yet challenging. In this work, we present a full-scale computation scheme based on the first-principles calculations by choosing a set of doped half-Heusler compounds as examples for illustration. The electronic structure is computed using the WIEN2k code and the carrier relaxation times for electrons and holes are calculated using the Bardeen and Shockley’s deformation potential (DP) theory. The finite-temperature electronic transport is evaluated within the framework of Boltzmann transport theory. In sequence, the density functional perturbation combined with the quasi-harmonic approximation and the Klemens’ equation is implemented for calculating the lattice thermal conductivity of carrier-doped thermoelectric materials such as Ti-doped NbFeSb compounds without losing a generality. The calculated results show good agreement with experimental data. The present methodology represents an effective and powerful approach to calculate the whole set of thermoelectric properties for thermoelectric materials.
Early Ocean Life History of Harrison River Sockeye Salmon and their Contribution to the Biodiversity of Sockeye Salmon in the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Beamish Richard J. , Neville Chrys M. , Sweeting Ruston M. , Beacham Terry D. , Wade Joy , Li Lingbo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDuring a study of the early marine survival of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Coho Salmon O. kisutch in the Strait of Georgia from 1998 to 2010, moderate abundances of juvenile Sockeye Salmon O. nerka were observed to remain in the strait much longer than previously thought. In 2008, DNA stock identification showed that these juveniles were from the Harrison River, a population with a sea‐type life history in which juveniles enter the ocean during the year of emergence from the gravel. Using information collected in 1998–2010, we describe the early ocean life and production of Harrison River sea‐type Sockeye Salmon. Juveniles entered the Strait of Georgia from the Fraser River over an extended period, with most entering after mid‐July—about 8 weeks later than lake‐type juveniles, which had virtually all left the strait by that time. The September diets of sea‐type juveniles were highly selective for hyperiid amphipods, which were not abundant in the zooplankton. Interaction with juvenile Pink Salmon O. gorbuscha during this early marine period was identified as potentially affecting the age structure of returning adults. Juvenile Sockeye Salmon remained in the strait until the fall and then moved offshore, where they remained until returning as age‐3 or age‐4 adults. There was a strong positive relationship between the September CPUE of juveniles in the Strait of Georgia and the total adult return of Harrison River Sockeye Salmon, indicating that total production in recent years was likely related to conditions in the strait. From 2005 to 2011, Harrison River Sockeye Salmon production exhibited a large increase in comparison with the total production of Sockeye Salmon in the Fraser River system. This recent increase in production of late‐ocean‐entering juveniles with a sea‐type life history identifies the importance of managing for biodiversity of Sockeye Salmon populations within the Fraser River drainage.Received April 28, 2015; accepted November 17, 2015
An Analysis of Lake Morphometric and Land‐Use Characteristics that Promote Persistence of Cisco in Indiana
Authors: Honsey Andrew E. , Donabauer Steven B. , Höök Tomas O. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRemnant populations of Cisco Coregonus artedi persist at the southern extent of their range among northern Indiana's glacial lakes, where most of their populations have become extirpated during the past century. Land‐use practices have likely accelerated lake eutrophication, while climate change threatens to further degrade the habitat necessary to sustain Ciscoes in Indiana. However, because the effects of these stressors have not been ubiquitous, an understanding of the factors that have contributed to either extirpation or persistence of Cisco populations will better inform future conservation practices. We analyzed lake morphometric and land‐use data to identify lakes that (1) are most likely to sustain Ciscoes, (2) are most likely to lose Ciscoes, and (3) have lost Ciscoes but are similar to current Cisco lakes and hence may be targets for restoration. We found that large, deep lakes located further north were more suitable for Ciscoes in the past, but that smaller lakes with a high ratio of lake area to catchment area have retained Cisco populations. This pattern supports the hypothesis that non‐point‐source nutrient loading is a driver of Cisco extirpations. Our results provide information to better manage a species of special concern in Indiana and of conservation interest in many other areas.Received August 5, 2015; accepted November 20, 2015
Achieving adoption and effective usage of Web 2.0 among employees within Australian government organizations
Authors: Husin Mohd Heikal , Evans Nina , Deegan Gaye 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Ensuring effective usage of Web 2.0 within government organisations is not as straightforward as it seems. The organisations should be aware of a number of issues when implementing Web 2.0 internally. This paper introduces a theoretical model that highlights the importance of management, technology and people issues influencing the level of Web 2.0 usage from an internal perspective. The purpose of this paper was to identify and explore these issues in a government context.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper uses a mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative) analysis to identify the issues that should be focused on for achieving effective usage of Web 2.0 among government employees. A combination of interviews, surveys and usage data collected from two government organisations was used to gather the data.

Findings
– The main finding is that, a policy will act as an initial catalyst for culture change and effective usage of Web 2.0 technologies in a government environment. It was also found that it is important to develop an understanding among senior management about the motivation for their employees to utilise Web 2.0 internally. As a result, the proposed theoretical model could assist government organisations in developing effective adoption approaches through identifying their employees’ motivation to adopt Web 2.0 technologies and developing a suitable organisational social media policy.

Research limitations/implications
– There is the issue of the small number of both qualitative and quantitative respondents within the research. Such limitation is because the research relies solely on the voluntary participation of the employees. This limitation was coupled with the fact that both organisations had different security requirements that had affected the amount and level of feasible information that was accessible to the researchers.

Practical implications
– This paper extends the understanding of issues applicable to the adoption of Web 2.0 tools from a government organisations’ perspective. The developed theoretical model acts as an adoption guide for organisations to achieve effective Web2.0 tools usage. At the same time, this paper also examines related motivation aspects which higher management should consider while using a new social media or Web 2.0 platform internally.

Originality/value
– This paper highlights suitable overview approaches for organisations to consider in increasing adoption of Web 2.0 among their employees. This paper also provides an initial foray into identifying other complex issues that may exist within different government organisations in relation to internal technology usage.
Perception deception: security risks created by optimistic perceptions
Authors: Taylor Richard G. , Brice, Jr. Jeff , Robinson Sammie L. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of the paper is to determine whether management’s optimistic perceptions of their organization’s level of information security preparedness can ultimately result in increased information security risks.Design/methodology/approach– A case study was conducted in a financial institution. In all, 24 employees were interviewed. These employees came from all functional areas and various positions, from tellers to executives. Interviews were conducted, internal policies and examiners’ reports were made available and access was given to observe the employees during working hours and to observe the facilities after hours.Findings– Executives were overly optimistic about the level of information security at their organization. These optimistic perceptions guided security priorities; however, the findings show that their perceptions were misguided leaving their organization open to increased security threats. More specifically, the results show that optimist perceptions by management can put an organization’s information at risk.Originality/value– The paper uses existing theory and evaluates it in a “real-world” setting. For security research, it can be difficult to get honest responses from questionnaires; however, the hands-on approach provided a deeper insight to the problem of optimistic perceptions in an organizational setting. For practitioners, the case can raise managements’ awareness of perceptional inaccuracies, resulting in more informed information security decisions and ultimately improved security for their organization.
Reforestation with Abies cephalonica Loudon: a five-year study of seedling survival
Authors: Detsis Vassilis , Efthimiou Georgios , Theodoropoulou Olga , Siorokou Stavroula 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to establish the effects on the survival of outplanted Abies cephalonica Loudon seedlings of seedling characteristics, site characteristics and management practices.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study was carried out by repeatedly monitoring survival of seedlings during a five-year period as well as establishing statistical relationships with a set of variables belonging to the aforementioned categories. It took place in plots reforested after a wildfire in the Parnitha Mt. National Park, near Athens, Greece.

Findings
– The odds of survival were found to be affected by bedrock type, dominant vegetation, initial seedling height and use of shading implements. Artificial shading was most important during the first year, site-related characteristics gained importance with increasing age and seedling height was of relatively constant importance. Shifts in temporal patterns of mortality and damage symptoms occurrence suggest that the mechanisms causing mortality changed with increasing age.

Practical implications
– The use of large seedlings in reforestation projects involving A. cephalonica should be preferred. Shading improves survival but due to the high costs this technique could be reserved for unfavorable plots, e.g. on limestone. Planting A. cephalonica in marginal sites should be avoided.

Originality/value
– The knowledge of the performance of A. cephalonica outplanted seedlings is very limited, while the need is increasing due to the spread of wildfires in this previously unaffected habitat.
Policy tools for agricultural nonpoint source water pollution control in the U.S. and E.U.
Authors: Drevno Ann 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– In the USA and Europe, agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollution continues to be among the chief impediments to achieving water quality standards. While the implementation of technology-based water pollution control tools has resulted in evident point source pollution abatement, NPSs continue to threaten surface water and groundwater. The purpose of this paper is to draw from environmental policy literature to identify regulatory tools and management approaches that specifically target agricultural NPS pollution and the factors that drive or impede their implementation and enforcement. This paper utilizes the policy tool framework to help characterize the widespread policy problem, distinguishing its unique set of hurdles from other environmental problems.Design/methodology/approach– Discussion of agricultural NPS pollution management approaches is based on a thorough review of relevant environmental policy and environmental economic literature as well as case studies from the USA and Europe. Analysis is based on the policy tool framework.Findings– This study finds that controlling numerous diffuse sources of agricultural pollution requires an integrated approach that utilizes river basin management and a mix of policy instruments. Additionally, findings suggest that transitioning from voluntary mechanisms to more effective instruments based on measurable water quality performance relies predominantly on three factors: first, more robust quality monitoring data and models; second, local participation; and third, political will.Originality/value– This research provides important information for regional and national policymakers in areas where there is increasing pollution and regulatory mandates. Identifying conditions of effective water quality policy is applicable and will be of direct use to agencies charged with pollution control.
Predictors of dual arrest for offenders involved in heterosexual domestic violence arrests
Authors: Roark Jennifer 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of extra-legal and legal predictors on dual arrest outcome for men and women arrested for domestic violence.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study analyzed 4,163 heterosexual domestic violence incidents over a five-year period (2002-2006). Using bivariate analyses and gender-stratified logistic regression this study: identified the variables associated with dual arrest; identified the extra-legal and legal predictors’ of dual arrest; and determined whether there were significant differences between police dispositions of women and men.

Findings
– Bivariate analyses indicated that women were more likely to be dually arrested than men. For women, logistic regression analyses indicated who contacted the police increased their likelihood of dual arrest. For men, logistic regression analysis indicated being a victim in a prior domestic violence, who used alcohol and/or drugs, who contacted the police, and seriousness of incident impacted their likelihood of being dually arrested.

Practical implications
– Results demonstrate that law enforcement officers may not be recognizing male victims of domestic violence as legitimate victims.

Originality/value
– This research is situated within the larger body of literature around women and men arrested for domestic violence and contributes to the limited literature regarding the effect of men’s prior domestic violence victimization on dual arrest outcome.
Smart policing in Frisco, Texas: geographic and temporal displacement in a micro place
Authors: Worrall John L. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a foot patrol and citizen contact-based policing intervention in a suburb outside Dallas. Funded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance “Smart Policing” initiative, the intervention consisted of assigning a single bilingual officer to an economically disadvantaged apartment complex in the heart of the city.Design/methodology/approach– An examination of calls for service across several offense types was performed for the target complex, the adjacent neighborhood, and a nearby apartment complex. The aims of the study were to determine whether the intervention affected specific calls for service and geographic and/or temporal displacement/diffusion occurred.Findings– Two key findings emerged. First, the intervention produced several hypothesized reductions and increases in specific call types, but temporal displacement rendered those effects short-lived. Second, diffusion to surrounding areas was observed and persisted through various treatment dosages.Practical implications– The study provides useful information to practitioners who might seek to implement foot-patrol-based tactics in hot spots and micro-places. However, foot patrol and/or citizen contact patrol alone may not yield sustainable crime reductions in their target areas.Originality/value– Few recent studies have examined the efficacy of foot patrol in crime hot spots. No recent studies have evaluated citizen contact patrol within micro-places. This study sought to address both limitations.
The lethality assessment program
Authors: Messing Jill Theresa , Campbell Jacquelyn C , Ward-Lasher Allison , Brown Sheryll , Patchell Beverly , Sullivan Wilson Janet 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the differential use of the Lethality Assessment Program (LAP) – a risk-informed, collaborative police-social service intervention – across female victim-survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) in four police jurisdictions in Oklahoma.

Design/methodology/approach
– Women visited by the police during the study period participated in semi-structured telephone interviews. Logistic regression was utilized to examine what factors impacted implementation of the LAP.

Findings
– There was differential use of the intervention based on the following: jurisdiction, severe violence at the incident, perpetrator’s use of a weapon ever in the relationship, PTSD symptomology, and women’s prior protective actions and utilization of domestic violence advocacy services.

Research limitations/implications
– Future research should examine the decision-making process of survivors and police officers to better elucidate the meaning behind these statistical relationships.

Practical implications
– PTSD education should be an integral part of police training on domestic violence. In addition, officers should be trained to recognize less injurious, but also damaging, forms of IPV, such as verbal abuse and coercive control.

Social implications
– While police contact can provide accountability for the offender, the social service system is best equipped to provide safety options for the victim-survivor of violence.

Originality/value
– Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of the LAP. It is important to understand how the intervention is applied in order to better understand who is most assisted by the intervention and what training or education could be beneficial for officers providing the intervention.
An exploratory study of police cynicism in China
Authors: Chen Zheng 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to measure police cynicism in China.Design/methodology/approach– Using survey data collected from 382 Chinese police officers training in a Chinese police university, this research empirically described police cynicism and examined the effects of some police subcultural themes (crime fighting role orientation, traditionalism, solidarity, and isolation) and some demographic and work-related variables (gender, education experience, type of police force, and tenure) on police cynicism.Findings– Results suggest that most participants are not cynical. However, they seem to have less confidence in the trust and respect that citizens have for the police. Slightly more officers stated that they do not think that citizens will trust police to cooperate. Crime-fighting role orientation and isolation had significant positive associations with police cynicism. Officers with five to ten years of service were more cynical than were new officers and more tenured officers.Originality/value– This study is one of the first empirical attempts in Chinese policing. It extends the understanding on police perceptions in China. The findings may provide useful implications for Chinese police administrators and instructors to promote the successful implementation of community policing in China.