bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Net radiation rather than surface moisture limits evapotranspiration over a humid alpine meadow on the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Fawei , Li Hongqin , Wang Wenying , Li Yikang , Lin Li , Guo Xiaowei , Du Yangong , Li Qian , Yang Yongsheng , Cao Guangmin , Li Yingnian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAccurately quantifying evapotranspiration (ET) is crucial to fully understanding regional water resource management and potential feedbacks to climate change in alpine grasslands. The quantitative relationships between ET and environmental controls were investigated by a continuous eddy covariance dataset from June 2014 to December 2016 over an alpine Kobresia meadow on the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that daily ET averaged 1.7± 1.5 mm/day (Mean ± 1 S.D.), with values of 2.9 ± 1.3, 1.6 ± 1.0, and 0.7± 0.6 mm/day during the growing season, seasonal transition period, and nongrowing season, respectively. Cumulative growing season ET was 63% of annual ET with little annual variability (349.9 ± 12.1 mm). Paired‐samples t‐test analysis indicated that monthly ET was larger than maximum potential ET derived from the FAO‐56 reference crop ET by 17% (p < .001, N = 12) in the growing season, likely because of high aerodynamic conductance, but was less than the minimum equilibrium ET by 19% (p < .001, N = 14) during the nongrowing season owing to limited surface moisture availability from the frozen soil. The structural equation models revealed that daily ET was mostly dominated by net radiation (the standardized coefficient of the total effect was 0.78). Soil surface moisture and leaf area index played secondary roles in daily ET variability during the nongrowing season and growing season, respectively. At an annual scale, the bulk surface conductance (8.25–10.65 mm/s), decoupling coefficient (0.43–0.48, 0.61 in the growing season), and the ratio of ET to equilibrium ET (1.08–1.33) were consistent with the strongly energy‐limited conditions in the alpine meadow. This study indicated that initial vegetation rehabilitation on the severely degraded meadow would be at the risk of rapid water consumption in humid alpine regions.
Comparison of Voltammetric Techniques for Ammonia Sensing in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Hussain Ghulam , Silvester Debbie S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn electroanalytical chemistry, it is often observed that square wave voltammetry (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) are more sensitive techniques compared to linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), due to their method of sampling which minimises the charging current (non‐faradaic processes). In this work, a comparison of the three techniques (LSV, DPV and SWV) is performed for ammonia (NH3) gas oxidation (a chemically and electrochemically irreversible redox process) in an ionic liquid over a concentration range of 10–100 ppm. Four different platinum electrodes are employed: a screen‐printed electrode (SPE), a thin‐film electrode (TFE), a microarray thin‐film electrode (MATFE) and a Pt microdisk electrode (μ‐disk). Calibration plots (current vs concentration) for all three different electrochemical techniques on all four surfaces showed excellent linearity with increased concentrations of NH3 gas and relatively low limits of detection (LODs). On the larger mm‐sized surfaces (SPE and TFE), the current responses for LSV and SWV were quite similar, but DPV gave the lowest currents. Whereas for the smaller micron sized electrodes (MATFE and μ‐disk), currents were of the order LSV>SWV>DPV, with LSV being far superior to the pulse techniques. These findings suggest that the pulse techniques of SWV and DPV may not be the optimum methods, particularly on microelectrodes, for the detection of analytes such as ammonia in RTILs.
In‐depth insight into the methods of plasma protein‐drug interaction studies: Comparison of capillary electrophoresis‐frontal analysis, isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism and equilibrium dialysis
Authors: Nevídalová Hana , Michalcová Lenka , Glatz Zdeněk 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPlasma protein‐drug binding assays are routinely performed during the early stages of drug discovery and development, which creates demand for an automated high‐throughput screening assay to increase laboratory efficiency. A comprehensive comparison of the four methods typically used for determining the binding parameters is presented in this study with respect to the above demand. Capillary electrophoresis‐frontal analysis, isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism and equilibrium dialysis were used to study the affinity of human serum albumin for diclofenac and lidocaine. These model drugs were chosen due to their different physico‐chemical properties and different binding sites on the albumin molecule, also resulting in different binding strength. The binding parameters estimated under the conditions as similar as possible were comparable among all these approaches as well as to the literature values. Besides this, the comparison of the results and especially other considerations demonstrated the benefits and drawbacks of the selected methods, with capillary electrophoresis‐frontal analysis being the best candidate for such studies.
Development and validation of a novel sensitive UV‐direct capillary electrophoresis method for quantification of alendronate in release studies from biomaterials
Authors: Cattalini Juan Pablo , Mouriño Viviana Silvia , Lucangioli Silvia Edith 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA simple, highly sensitive, and robust CE method applied to the determination of alendronate (ALN) was developed from matrices for tissue engineering, characterized by being highly complex systems. The novel method was based on the ALN derivatization with o‐phthalaldehyde and 2‐mercaptoethanol for direct ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. The BGE consisted of 20 mM sodium borate buffer at pH 10, and the electrophoretic parameters were optimized.The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The LOD and LOQ obtained were 0.8 and 2.7 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the method offers higher sensitivity and specificity compared to other CE and HPLC methods using UV‐detectors, as well as low cost and simplicity that allowed the rapid and simple quantitation of ALN from bone regeneration matrices.
Are doses of lamotrigine or levetiracetam adjusted during pregnancy?
Authors: Richards Noni , Reith David , Stitely Michael , Smith Alesha 
Published: November 2017

SummarySubtherapeutic levels of lamotrigine and levetiracetam are more likely to occur during pregnancy owing to the effect of pregnancy on their pharmacokinetics. This can lead to suboptimal control of epilepsy, and guidelines recommend proactive dose adjustment in the second and third trimesters alongside therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). This retrospective cohort study using administrative databases aimed to investigate whether prescribers adjust the dose of lamotrigine or levetiracetam during and after pregnancy and whether TDM is used to manage dose adjustment. In 460 individual pregnancies, 232 women (61.4%) had their lamotrigine dose increased in the second and third trimesters and 44 women (53.7%) had their levetiracetam dose increased. Only 57 women (12.4%) had any TDM. The dose was not always decreased postpartum, and 157 women (56.9% of those who had escalated doses during pregnancy) had dose reduced following birth. Between 2012 and 2015, 29 women had an epilepsy‐coded hospital discharge during pregnancy and were more likely to have had their dose of lamotrigine or levetiracetam increased. Overall, doses of lamotrigine and levetiracetam were not increased during pregnancy in 40% of the study population, dose changes were not often guided by TDM, and doses were not always reduced postpartum.
A depth‐averaged two‐phase model for debris flows over erodible beds
Authors: Li Ji , Cao Zhixian , Hu Kaiheng , Pender Gareth , Liu Qingquan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMass exchange between debris flow and the bed plays a vital role in debris flow dynamics. Here a depth‐averaged two‐phase model is proposed for debris flows over erodible beds. Compared to previous depth‐averaged two‐phase models, the present model features a physical step forward by explicitly incorporating the mass exchange between the flow and the bed. A widely used closure model in fluvial hydraulics is employed to estimate the mass exchange between the debris flow and the bed, and an existing relationship for bed entrainment rate is introduced for comparison. Also, two distinct closure models for the bed shear stresses are evaluated. One uses the Coulomb friction law and Manning's equation to determine the solid and fluid resistances respectively, while the other employs an analytically derived formula for the solid phase and the mixing length approach for the fluid phase. A well‐balanced numerical algorithm is applied to solve the governing equations of the model. The present model is first shown to reproduce average sediment concentrations in steady and uniform debris flows over saturated bed as compared to an existing formula underpinned by experimental datasets. Then, it is demonstrated to perform rather well as compared to the full set of USGS large‐scale experimental debris flows over erodible beds, in producing debris flow depth, front location and bed deformation. The effects of initial conditions on debris flow mass and momentum gain are resolved by the present model, which explicitly demonstrates the roles of the wetness, porosity and volume of bed sediments in affecting the flow. By virtue of extended modeling cases, the present model produces debris flow efficiency that, as revealed by existing observations and empirical relations, increases with initial volume, which is enhanced by mass gain from the bed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anomalous bioaccumulation of lead in the earthworm Eisenoides lonnbergi (Michaelsen)
Authors: Beyer W. Nelson , Codling Eton E. , Rutzke Michael A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Lead concentrations in soil organisms are usually well below those in the associated soil and tend to decrease with each higher trophic level in a food chain. Earthworms of the species Eisenoides lonnbergi provide an exception to this observation, accumulating very high concentrations of lead from acidic soils. Earthworms belonging to this species were collected from strongly to extremely acidic soils at 16 sites on a wildlife refuge in Maryland, USA. A lead concentration as high as 766 mg/kg, dry weight, was detected in depurated E. lonnbergi collected from soil containing only 17 mg/kg of lead. Concentration factors (ratio of lead concentration in earthworms to lead concentration in soil, dry wt) were highly variable at the sites, from 1.0 to 83. As suggested previously, lead absorption by earthworms is enhanced in low-calcium soils. The anomalously high concentrations of lead found in E. lonnbergi are more closely correlated with the uptake of calcium from acidic soils than with bioaccessibility of soil lead. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:914–919. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Multivariate statistical analysis of a large odorants database aimed at revealing similarities and links between odorants and odors
Authors: Tromelin Anne , Chabanet Claire , Audouze Karine , Koensgen Florian , Guichard Elisabeth 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe perception of odor is an important component of smell; the first step of odor detection, and the discrimination of structurally diverse odorants depends on their interactions with olfactory receptors (ORs). Indeed, the perception of an odor's quality results from a combinatorial coding, in which the deciphering remains a major challenge.Several studies have successfully established links between odors and odorants by categorizing and classifying data. Hence, the categorization of odors appears to be a promising way to manage odors.In the proposed study, we performed a computational analysis using odor descriptions of the odorants present in Flavor‐Base 9th Edition (2013). We converted the Flavor‐Base data into a binary matrix (1 when the odor note appears in the odor description, 0 otherwise). We retained 251 odor notes and 3508 odorants, considering only the orthonasal perception. Two categorization methods were performed: agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), and self‐organizing map (SOM). AHC was based on a measure of the distance between the elements performed by multidimensional scaling (MDS) for the odorants, and correspondence analysis (CA) for the odor notes.The results demonstrated that the SOM classes appeared to be less dependent on the frequency of the odor notes than those of the AHC clusters. SOMs are especially useful for identifying the associations between less than 4 or 5 odor notes within groups of odorants.The obtained results highlight subsets of odorants sharing similar groups of odor notes, suggesting an interesting and promising way of using computational approaches to help decipher olfactory coding.
Geoarchaeology in an urban context: The town of Reggio Emilia and river dynamics during the last two millennia in Northern Italy
Authors: Cremaschi Mauro , Storchi Paolo , Perego Alessandro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOn the grounds of geomorphological evidence, core stratigraphy, and archaeological and historical sources, the relationships between the urban development of Reggio Emilia (Po River plain, Northern Italy) and the adjoining Crostolo River are reconstructed over the last two millennia. The town of Reggio Emilia was established in the second century B.C. along the Crostolo River, but geographic relationships between river and town changed several times because of the collective effects of human activity, geological processes, and climatic change. The course of the Crostolo was artificially diverted outside Reggio Emilia during the Roman age and in the years A.D. 1250 and A.D. 1571, largely because of westward stream migration. This progressive shift was triggered by the neotectonic activity of buried folded thrusts. Vertical displacements resulted in uplift and conversely in the subsidence of Reggio Emilia's northwest margin. Stream migration patterns were thereby displaced westward. Climate change also affected the behavior of the Crostolo River as increased flooding during the early Medieval period and consequent channel instability underpinned engineering efforts to rechannel stream flow via a canal built along the city walls in A.D. 1571 at the onset of the Little Ice Age.
Current technical approaches to brain energy metabolism
Authors: Barros L. Felipe , Bolaños Juan P. , Bonvento Gilles , Bouzier‐Sore Anne‐Karine , Brown Angus , Hirrlinger Johannes , Kasparov Sergey , Kirchhoff Frank , Murphy Anne N. , Pellerin Luc , Robinson Michael B. , Weber Bruno 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNeuroscience is a technology‐driven discipline and brain energy metabolism is no exception. Once satisfied with mapping metabolic pathways at organ level, we are now looking to learn what it is exactly that metabolic enzymes and transporters do and when, where do they reside, how are they regulated, and how do they relate to the specific functions of neurons, glial cells, and their subcellular domains and organelles, in different areas of the brain. Moreover, we aim to quantify the fluxes of metabolites within and between cells. Energy metabolism is not just a necessity for proper cell function and viability but plays specific roles in higher brain functions such as memory processing and behavior, whose mechanisms need to be understood at all hierarchical levels, from isolated proteins to whole subjects, in both health and disease. To this aim, the field takes advantage of diverse disciplines including anatomy, histology, physiology, biochemistry, bioenergetics, cellular biology, molecular biology, developmental biology, neurology, and mathematical modeling. This article presents a well‐referenced synopsis of the technical side of brain energy metabolism research. Detail and jargon are avoided whenever possible and emphasis is given to comparative strengths, limitations, and weaknesses, information that is often not available in regular articles.
Dynamics and fluxes of organic carbon and nitrogen in two Guiana Shield river basins impacted by deforestation and mining activities
Authors: Gallay Marjorie , Mora Abrahan , Martinez Jean‐Michel , Gardel Antoine , Laraque Alain , Sarrazin Max , Beaucher Eric , Doudou Jean‐Claude , Lagane Christelle 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDeforestation and mining activities have proven to be very damaging to rivers because these activities disturb the environmental characteristics of rivers. Thus, the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate nitrogen (PN), and Chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) were measured monthly during 2 hydrological years in the Maroni and Oyapock Rivers to assess the dynamics and fluxes of organic carbon and nitrogen in these 2 Guiana Shield basins, which have been strongly (Maroni) and weakly (Oyapock) impacted by deforestation and mining activities. The 2‐year time series show that DOC, POC, PN, and Chl‐a concentrations vary seasonally with discharge in both rivers, indicating a hydrologically dominated control. Temporal patterns of DOC, POC, and PN indicate that these variables show maximum concentrations in rising waters due to the yield of organic matter and nitrogen accumulated in soils, which are incorporated into the rivers during rainfall. However, the Chl‐a concentrations were at a maximum during low‐water stages. The C/N and C/Chl‐a ratios also showed a seasonal trend, with lower values during the low water periods due to an increase in algal biomass. During high water, the POC in both rivers is the result of terrestrial organic matter, whereas during low‐water autochthonous organic matter can reach up to 34% of the POC. The mean annual fluxes of TOC and PN were higher (4.56 × 105 tonC year−1 and 1.77 × 104 tonN year−1, respectively) in the Maroni River than those (1.84 × 105 tonC year−1 and 0.54 × 104 tonN year−1, respectively) in the Oyapock River. However, the specific fluxes of DOC, POC, and PN from both basins were nearly the same. Although gold mining activities are performed in both basins, there is no conclusive evidence regarding the impact of these activities on the dynamics of organic matter and particulate nitrogen in the Maroni and Oyapock Rivers.
Expanding Argument Instruction: Incorporating Multimodality and Digital Tools
Authors: Howell Emily 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe researcher conducted a formative experiment in a ninth‐ and a 10th‐grade English classroom to observe a multiliteracies‐based intervention implemented to improve high school students’ arguments. Traditionally, argument is taught from a cognitive perspective, emphasizing concepts such as claims, evidence, and warrants. However, arguments are also creations of social practice that incorporate the multimodality that digital tools afford. The author discusses three assertions regarding multimodality, social practice and digital tools, and transfer in relation to expanding argument instruction.
Measuring crisis risk using conditional copulas: An empirical analysis of the 2008 shipping crisis
Authors: Opitz Sebastian , Seidel Henry , Szimayer Alexander 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe shipping crisis starting in 2008 was characterized by sharply decreasing freight rates and sharply increasing financing costs. We analyze the dependence structure of these two risk factors employing a conditional copula model. As conditioning factors we use the supply and demand of seaborne transportation. We find that crisis risk strongly increased already about 1 year before the actual crisis outburst and that the shipping crisis was predominantly driven by an oversupply of transport capacity. Therefore, market participants could have prevented or alleviated the consequences of the crisis by reducing the ordering and financing of new vessels.
Inflammatory milieu cultivated Sema3A signaling promotes chondrocyte apoptosis in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Sun Jie , Wei Xuelei , Wang Zengliang , Liu Yunjiao , Lu Jie , Lu Yandong , Cui Meng , Zhang Xi , Li Fangguo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is the leading degenerative joint disease and featured by articular cartilage destruction, where chondrocyte apoptosis plays a critical role. Semaphorin‐3A (Sema3A) has been implicated in OA chondrocyte physiology. In this study we aimed to uncover how Sema3A signaling is regulated in chondrocytes and investigate its role in OA chondrocyte survival. Here, we report that Sema3A and its receptor neuropilin‐1 (Nrp1) are synchronously upregulated in cartilage chondrocytes of knee OA patients. Their expressions in chondrocytes could be induced by the stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and TNF‐α and subsequent transcriptional activation orchestrated by C/EBPβ. The resulting excessive Sema3A signaling promotes chondrocyte apoptosis through impairing PI3K/Akt prosurvival signaling. These findings indicate a regulatory mechanism and a proapoptotic function of aberrant Sema3A signaling in OA chondrocytes, and suggest that targeting Sema3A signaling might interfere OA pathogenesis.
A simple formula for the number of spanning trees of line graphs
Authors: Gong Helin , Jin Xian'an 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSuppose is a loopless graph and is the graph obtained from G by subdividing each of its edges k () times. Let be the set of all spanning trees of G, be the line graph of the graph and be the number of spanning trees of . By using techniques from electrical networks, we first obtain the following simple formula:
urn:x-wiley:03649024:media:jgt22212:jgt22212-math-0009Then we find it is in fact equivalent to a complicated formula obtained recently using combinatorial techniques in [F. M. Dong and W. G. Yan, Expression for the number of spanning trees of line graphs of arbitrary connected graphs, J. Graph Theory. 85 (2017) 74–93].
Income Effects on Intra‐Household Time Allocation: Regression Discontinuity Evidence
Authors: Ndlovu Patrick , Mohapatra Sandeep , Luckert Marty 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe examine the causal effect of income transfers on time allocations of household members into market work, domestic work and leisure, using primary data from rural South Africa. Female income decreases male leisure and increases male work, while men's income has opposite effects on women. Men's income is nurturing of women's time with salutary effects on both women's leisure and drudgery of domestic work. Adjustments in women's domestic work and leisure time remain missing links in the empirical literature on gender gaps. Our findings reveal significant gender‐based asymmetries in income effects that are critical for development policy design. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.