bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Low‐Cost, Reusable, Ballistic Gelatin Ultrasound Phantom for Simulation of Glenohumeral Intraarticular Injections
Authors: Shah Aalap 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundDeliberate practice of invasive procedures on simulation phantoms has been recommended to teach trainees. For many departments, these task trainers can be prohibitively expensive. Sometimes, phantoms for specialized procedures are not commercially available at all. There are currently are no commercially available simulation phantoms for the purpose of ultrasound (US)‐guided glenohumeral joint injection.ObjectivesThe objective was to create a low‐cost, reusable, homemade simulation phantom for US‐guided glenohumeral joint injection using easily obtainable materials as well as to determine whether use of such a homemade model by novice learners is associated with increased self‐reported comfort level and knowledge of the procedure.MethodsFourth‐year emergency medicine–bound medical students and PGY‐1 residents were asked to participate in a hands‐on 30‐minute training session for US‐guided glenohumeral joint injection using a homemade simulation phantom. Participants were assessed by pre‐ and postintervention survey of self‐reported comfort levels with the procedure. Outcomes were measured on modified global rating scale (GRS; minimum = 1, maximum = 7). The primary outcome was learner comfort with US‐guided glenohumeral joint injection. Secondary outcomes were comfort level in obtaining adequate US image and identifying landmarks of the glenohumeral joint as well as likelihood to perform US‐guided injection of the glenohumeral joint in a clinical setting.ResultsIn the primary outcome, mean GRS scores in 13 participants for comfort with the procedure increased from 2.7 to 5.0 (p < 0.01) after intervention. Mean GRS for knowledge of anatomy increased from 2.8 to 5.4 (p < 0.01) and mean GRS for comfort in image acquisition increased from 2.8 to 5.3 (p < 0.01). Mean GRS for likelihood to perform the procedure trended toward increase from 4.6 to 5.5 (p = 0.25).ConclusionsUse of a homemade, low‐cost, ballistic gelatin US phantom for simulation of glenohumeral intraarticular injection was associated with increased learner comfort with the procedure.
Nanospace‐confined synthesis of coconut‐like SnS/C nanospheres for high‐rate and stable lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Deng Zongnan , Jiang Hao , Hu Yanjie , Li Chunzhong , Liu Yu , Liu Honglai 
Published: December 2017

Coconut‐like monocrystalline SnS/C nanospheres are developed as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries by a micro‐evaporation‐plating strategy in confined nanospaces, achieving reversible capacities as high as 936 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 50 cycles and 830 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 for another 250 cycles. The remarkably improved electrochemical performances can be mainly attributed to their unique structural features, which can perfectly combine the advantages of the face‐to‐face contact of core/shell nanostructure and enough internal void space of yolk/shell nanostructure, and therefore well‐addressing the pivotal issues related to SnS low conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics, and serious structure pulverization during the lithiation/delithiation process. The evolutionary process of the nanospheres is clearly elucidated based on experimental results and a multiscale kinetic simulation combining the microscopic reaction‐diffusion equation and the mesoscopic theory of crystal growth. Furthermore, a LiMn2O4//SnS/C full cell is assembled, likewise exhibiting excellent electrochemical performance. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1965–1974, 2018
Oxyfunctionalization of Active Methylene Compounds Using Sodium Chlorite in Water
Authors: Kitanosono Taku , Tani Shinki , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA methylene group inserted between proximal carbonyl groups underwent exclusive oxyfunctionalization with sodium chlorite in the presence of redox‐inert HfIV in water. Direct oxidation methods have conventionally suffered from manifold side reactions such as oxidative fragmentation, dimerization, and overreactions, together with the use of toxic and intractable oxidants. Although alternative routes involving prior α‐functionalization can be executed under mild conditions, preparatively valuable oxidation methods that deliver high levels of both conversion and selectivity remain a prized goal from the standpoint of streamlining organic synthesis. Chlorine dioxide, which was generated as a yellowish gas during the reaction, is considered to be a bona fide oxidant against active methylene compounds. The pivotal role of water was clear, given that the reaction was significantly retarded in both aqueous acetonitrile and ethanol, which can solubilize sodium chlorite.
Homozygous boricua TBCK mutation causes neurodegeneration and aberrant autophagy
Authors: Ortiz‐González Xilma R. , Tintos‐Hernández Jesus A. , Keller Kierstin , Li Xueli , Foley A. Reghan , Bharucha‐Goebel Diana X. , Kessler Sudha K. , Yum Sabrina W. , Crino Peter B. , He Miao , Wallace Douglas C. , Bönnemann Carsten G. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveAutosomal‐recessive mutations in TBCK cause intellectual disability of variable severity. Although the physiological function of TBCK remains unclear, loss‐of‐function mutations are associated with inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Given that mTORC1 signaling is known to regulate autophagy, we hypothesized that TBCK‐encephalopathy patients with a neurodegenerative course have defects in autophagic‐lysosomal dysfunction.MethodsChildren (n = 8) of Puerto Rican (Boricua) descent affected with homozygous TBCK p.R126X mutations underwent extensive neurological phenotyping and neurophysiological studies. We quantified autophagosome content in TBCK−/− patient‐derived fibroblasts by immunostaining and assayed autophagic markers by western assay. Free sialylated oligosaccharide profiles were assayed in patient's urine and fibroblasts.ResultsThe neurological phenotype of children with TBCK p.R126X mutations, which we call TBCK‐encephaloneuronopathy (TBCKE), include congenital hypotonia, progressive motor neuronopathy, leukoencephalopathy, and epilepsy. Systemic features include coarse facies, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis. TBCK−/− fibroblasts in vitro exhibit increased numbers of LC3+ autophagosomes and increased autophagic flux by immunoblots. Free oligosaccharide profiles in fibroblasts and urine of TBCKE patients differ from control fibroblasts and are ameliorated by treatment with the mTORC1 activator leucine.InterpretationTBCKE is a clinically distinguishable syndrome with progressive central and peripheral nervous system dysfunction, consistently observed in patients with the p.R126X mutation. We provide evidence that inappropriate autophagy in the absence of cellular stressors may play a role in this disorder, and that mTORC1 activation may ameliorate the autophagic‐lysosomal system dysfunction. Free oligosaccharide profiles could serve as a novel biomarker for this disorder as well as a tool to evaluate potential therapeutic interventions. Ann Neurol 2018;83:153–165
Comprehensive study of interaction between biocompatible PEG‐InP/ZnS QDs and bovine serum albumin
Authors: Sannaikar M. S. , Inamdar Laxmi S. , Pujar G. H. , Wari M. N. , Balasinor Nafisa H. , Inamdar S. R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPolyethylene glycol (PEG) surface modified biocompatible InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) act as a potential alternative for conventional carcinogenic cadmium‐based quantum dots for in vivo and in vitro studies. Comprehensively, we studied the interaction between a model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) and PEGylated toxic free InP/ZnS QDs using various spectroscopic tools such as absorption, fluorescence quenching, time resolved and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic measurements. These studies principally show that tryptophan (Trp) residues of BSA have preferable binding affinity towards PEG‐InP/ZnS QDs surface and a blue shift in Trp fluorescence emission is a signature of conformational changes in its hydrophobic microenvironment. Photoluminescence (PL) intensity of Trp is quenched by ground state complex formation (static quenching) at room temperature. However, InP/ZnS@BSA conjugates become unstable with increasing temperature and PL intensity of Trp is quenched via dynamic quenching by PEG‐InP/ZnS QDs. Experimentally determined thermodynamic parameters for these conjugates have shown spontaneity, entropy driven and exothermic nature of bio‐conjugation. The calculated binding affinity (n ≅ 1, Hill coefficient) suggest that the affinity of InP/ZnS QDs for a BSA protein is not dependent on whether or not other BSA proteins are already bound to the QD surface. Energy transfer efficiency (E), Trp residue to InP/ZnS QDs distances and energy transfer rate (kT) were all obtained from FÖrster resonance energy.
Design, implementation and evaluation of MOOCs and DBL‐based cross‐registration
Authors: Feng Longlong , Jiang Hongxia , Wang Junling , Gong Yunpeng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTo overcome geographical restrictions of the cross‐registration, this study uses MOOCs and DBL as the learning approach to presents an implementation process of cross‐registration in the course of Machinery Design. Cross‐registration contains three steps: Pre‐Registration, Learning Process, and Credit Certification. According to the characteristics of cross‐registration, Learning process was realized through the mode which consists of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) learning, traditional classroom and Design Based Learning (DBL). Project progression of DBL was elaborated, demonstrated and had been applied in cross‐registration. This work aims at analyzing and reporting whether this MOOCs and DBL‐based cross‐registration has effects on a case study in Machinery Design Course. Students’ performance and learning behaviors are analyzed in this article. The results indicate that the MOOCs‐based cross‐registration is practicable, Learning Process has positive influence on students' performance. Recommendations for future work and implications for practice will also be discussed.
Second primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: a SEER analysis of incidence and outcomes
Authors: Swaika Abhisek , Frank Ryan D. , Yang Dongyun , Finn Laura E. , Jiang Liuyan , Advani Pooja , Chanan‐Khan Asher A. , Ailawadhi Sikander , Foran James M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe conducted a surveillance epidemiology and end results (SEER)‐based analysis to describe the incidence and characteristics of second primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (sALL) among adults (≥18 years) with a history of primary malignancies (1M). Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of sALL cases were calculated by site and 1M stage. We also evaluated the differences in 5‐year sALL survival by age, site, and extent of 1M, latency of sALL after 1M, and evidence of underlying racial/ethnic disparity. We identified 10,956 patients with de‐novo/primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1ALL) and 772 with sALL. Women (49.1% vs. 42.9%), white patients (72.0% vs. 59.5%), older patients (58.8% vs. 25.2%; age ≥65 years), and patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2012 (66.8% vs. 53.9%) had a higher proportion of sALL compared with 1ALL. There was a significantly inferior median 5‐year survival for sALL patients compared to 1ALL (6 vs. 15 months; HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10–1.31, P < 0.001). The median latency period was 60.0 months; the most common 1M among sALL patients were breast (17.9%) and prostate (17.4%). Patients with any 1M were at increased risk of developing sALL (SIR 1.76, 95% CI 1.58–1.95, P < 0.001). Hematological‐1M sites had significantly higher SIRs (hematological‐SIR 7.35; solid‐SIR 1.33; P < 0.001). We observed a significant increase in sALL incidence after a 1M and a significantly worse 5‐year survival with different demographic characteristics from 1ALL. There is a need to define appropriate screening methods for patients surviving their primary cancer.
Mild prominence of the Sylvian fissure in a Bainbridge‐Ropers syndrome patient with a novel frameshift variant in ASXL3
Authors: Chinen Yasutsugu , Nakamura Sadao , Ganaha Akira , Hayashi Shin , Inazawa Johji , Yanagi Kumiko , Nakanishi Koichi , Kaname Tadashi , Naritomi Kenji 
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical MessageA Japanese boy aged 7 years with Bainbridge‐Ropers syndrome (BRPS) had a prominent domed forehead without metric ridge, mild prominence of the Sylvian fissure with bitemporal hollowing, and a heterozygous de novo novel variant “p.P1010Lfs*14” in ASXL3 gene in addition to typical findings of BRPS.
Nanostructured Ni2P‐C as an Efficient Catalyst for Urea Electrooxidation
Authors: Yang Dawen , Gu Ying , Yu Xu , Lin Zixia , Xue Huaiguo , Feng Ligang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNickel‐based materials are a type of cost‐effective catalyst for urea oxidation. Herein, we first reported nanostructured Ni2P−C as an efficient catalyst for urea electrooxidation. The Ni2P−C catalyst was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method and the structure and morphology were further characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The hexagonal crystal structure for Ni2P was indicated by the characteristic peaks in the XRD patterns, and lattice fringes of Ni2P were clearly observed in the high‐resolution TEM images. The catalytic ability for urea electrooxidation was studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. It was found that the current density at 0.5 V was ca. 70.4 mA cm−2, about 2.7 times higher than that of the referenced commercial nickel oxide catalyst. A good catalytic stability for urea oxidation was also obtained. A diffusion‐controlled process was observed for urea oxidation on Ni2P catalyst while the active sites arising from Ni(II) ion oxidation was following a surface‐redox‐reaction‐controlled process. Kinetics studies by impedance spectroscopy and Tafel slope analysis displayed improved charge‐transfer kinetics towards urea electrooxidation. The results demonstrated that Ni2P would have potential applications for catalytic urea oxidation.
Electrocatalytic Activity of Ionic‐Liquid‐Derived Porous Carbon Materials for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zdolšek Nikola , Dimitrijević Aleksandra , Bendová Magdalena , Krstić Jugoslav , Rocha Raquel P. , Figueiredo José L. , Bajuk‐Bogdanović Danica , Trtić‐Petrović Tatjana , Šljukić Biljana 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCarbon materials, prepared by using different methods with ionic liquids, are compared as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Materials were synthesized through the hydrothermal carbonization of glucose and by using the same method in the presence of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium methanesulfonate [bmim][MeSO3] as an additive. Another two carbon‐based materials were prepared by using ionic‐liquid‐based methods: ionothermal carbonization of glucose using [bmim][MeSO3] as a recyclable medium for the carbonization reaction and by direct carbonization of the ionic liquid in a one‐step method using [bmim][MeSO3] as the precursor for N‐ and S‐doped porous carbon (Carb‐IL). Characterization results showed the possibility of morphology and porosity control by using [bmim][MeSO3]. All materials were subsequently tested for the ORR in alkaline media. Carb‐IL showed enhanced and stable electrocatalytic ORR activity, even in the presence of methanol, ethanol, and borohydride, opening the possibility for its application in fuel cells.
Chemometric methods applied in the image plane to correct striping noise in hyperspectral chemical images of biomaterials
Authors: Xu Jun‐Li , Sun Da‐Wen , Gowen Aoife A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractArray detectors improve data collection speed in hyperspectral chemical imaging, yet are prone to striping noise patterns in the image plane, which is difficult to remove. This type of noise affects spectral features and disturbs visual impression of the scene. We found that this type of noise depends on the material composition and setting parameters, ie, pixel size, and it also varies in accordance with the signal intensity of the observed wavelength. To address this, we proposed a new correction method on the basis of the application of chemometric techniques in the image plane of each wavelength. To verify the effectiveness of this method, infrared transmission images of the 2″ × 2″ positive, 1951 USAF Hi‐Resolution Target and biomaterial samples were obtained with a 16‐element (8 × 2) pixel array detector. Point detector images of some samples were also acquired and used as reference images. The proposed correction method produced substantial improvements in the visual impression of intensity images. Principal components analysis was performed to inspect spectral changes after preprocessing, and the results suggested that the major spectral features were not altered while the stripes on intensity images were removed. Spectral profiles and principal components analysis loadings inspection confirmed the smoothing ability of this correction method. As traditional preprocessing techniques, standard normal variate and derivative transformation were not able to remove line artifacts, especially on the biomaterial images. Overall, the proposed method was effective for removing striping noise patterns from infrared images with a minimal alteration of the valuable hyperspectral image information.
Columnar Self‐Assembly of Electron‐Deficient Dendronized Bay‐Annulated Perylene Bisimides
Authors: Gupta Ravindra Kumar , Shankar Rao Doddamane S. , Prasad S. Krishna , Achalkumar Ammathnadu S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThree new heteroatom bay‐annulated perylene bisimides (PBIs) have been synthesized by microwave‐assisted synthesis in excellent yield. N‐annulated and S‐annulated perylene bisimides exhibited columnar hexagonal phase, whereas Se‐annulated perylene bisimide exhibited low temperature columnar oblique phase in addition to the high temperature columnar hexagonal phase. The cup shaped bay‐annulated PBIs pack into columns with enhanced intermolecular interactions. In comparison to PBI, these molecules exhibited lower melting and clearing temperature, with good solubility. A small red shift in the absorption was seen in the case of N‐annulated PBI, whereas S‐ and Se‐annulated PBIs exhibited blue‐shifted absorption spectra. Bay‐annulation increased the HOMO and LUMO levels of the N‐annulated perylene bisimide, whereas a slight increase in the LUMO level and a decrease in the HOMO levels were observed in the case of S‐ and Se‐annulated perylene bisimides, in comparison to the simple perylene bisimide. The band gaps of PBI and PBI‐N were almost same, whereas an increase in the band gaps were observed in the case of S‐ and Se‐annulated PBIs. The tendency to freeze in the ordered glassy columnar phase for PBI‐N and PBI‐S will help to overcome the charge traps due to crystallization, which are detrimental to one‐dimensional charge carrier mobility. These solution processable electron deficient columnar semiconductors possessing good thermal stability may form an easily accessible promising class of n‐type materials.
Silver@Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanorods as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Liu Baichen , Dai Wanlin , Lu Zhiwei , Ye Jianshan , Ouyang Liuzhang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn recent years, various platinum‐free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have attracted great attention due to the limited natural abundance and high cost of platinum. Herein, Ag@N‐C (N‐C: nitrogen‐doped carbon) nanorods for the ORR were synthesized through chemical polymerization and pyrolysis methods by using pyrrole and silver nitrate as raw materials. Pyrolysis could significantly increase the specific surface area of as‐synthesized catalysts and convert pyrrolic‐N into graphitic‐N and pyridinic‐N. The results of electrochemical tests show that the Ag@N‐C‐900 catalyst (pyrolyzed at 900 °C) exhibits highly efficient ORR catalytic activity, improved stability, and better methanol resistance in comparison to that of Pt/C catalyst in alkaline media.
Bioenergy from Microalgae – Vision or Reality?
Authors: Hoyer Jan , Cotta Fritz , Diete Anja , Großmann Jochen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMikroalgen werden oft als Hoffnungsträger für die Lösung zukünftiger Fragen der Energie‐ und Nahrungsversorgung der Weltbevölkerung gesehen. Dies beruht auf ihrer gegenüber Landpflanzen überlegenen Flächenproduktivität und der Möglichkeit, sie unabhängig von fruchtbaren Anbauflächen und Trinkwasser zu kultivieren. Aus der Algenbiomasse kann anschließend neben Nahrungs‐ und Futtermitteln ein großes Spektrum an Wertstoffen und Biokraftstoffen gewonnen werden. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet neben allgemeinen Betrachtungen zur Mikroalgentechnologie ihr Potenzial zur Gewinnung von Biokraftstoffen.
Multifunctional Shape‐Memory Polymer Foams with Bio‐inspired Antimicrobials
Authors: Monroe Mary Beth Browning , Easley Alexandra D. , Grant Katie , Fletcher Grace K. , Boyer Calla , Maitland Duncan J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDespite a number of clinically available hemostats, uncontrolled bleeding is the primary cause of trauma‐related death. Shape‐memory polymer (SMP) foams have a number of desirable properties for use as hemostats, including shape recovery to enable delivery into bleed sites, biocompatibility, and rapid blood clotting. To expand upon this material system, the current work aims to incorporate phenolic acids, which are honey‐based antimicrobial agents, into SMP foams. We showed that cinnamic acid (CA) can be utilized as a monomer in SMP synthesis to provide foams with comparable pore structure and retained cytocompatibility. The addition of CA enabled tuning of thermal and shape‐memory properties within clinically relevant ranges. Furthermore, the modified foams demonstrated initial and sustained antimicrobial effects against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. These multifunctional scaffolds demonstrate potential for use as hemostats to improve upon current hemorrhage treatments and provide a new tool in tuning the biological and material properties of SMP foams.
Cognitive factors and post‐partum depression: What is the influence of general personality traits, rumination, maternal self‐esteem, and alexithymia?
Authors: Denis Anne , Luminet Olivier 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesThe objective was to assess the impact of cognitive factors on post‐partum depression (PPD) symptoms. Because most of the literature data concern the immediate post‐partum period or the first year post‐partum, we notably sought to assess the longer term impact of cognitive factors on the symptoms of PPD.MethodsTwo studies were performed. In a pilot study, 1‐month post‐partum, 63 women filled out a sociodemographic information sheet and completed the abbreviated, revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Ruminative Responses Scale, the Maternal Self‐Report Inventory, and the Edinburgh Post‐Natal Depression Scale. In the main study, 124 women additionally completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. The main study population was divided into 2 subgroups: women in the first year post‐partum (n = 74) and those in the second year post‐partum (n = 50).ResultsIn the pilot study performed 1‐month post‐partum, brooding rumination and low self‐esteem were significant predictors of the PPD symptom intensity. Neuroticism, brooding rumination, and low maternal self‐esteem were also significant predictors of the PPD symptoms reported in the first year post‐partum. Lastly, ruminative thoughts and alexithymia were significant predictors of the PPD symptoms reported in the second year post‐partum.ConclusionsOur results suggest that alexithymia may be an important predictor of the incidence of this condition. The observation of differences in the PPD models as a function of the post‐partum period may open up opportunities for developing novel PPD prevention/treatment programs.