bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CME flux rope and shock identifications and locations: Comparison of white light data, Graduated Cylindrical Shell model, and MHD simulations
Authors: Schmidt J. M. , Cairns Iver H. , Xie Hong , St. Cyr O. C. , Gopalswamy N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCoronal mass ejections (CMEs) are major transient phenomena in the solar corona that are observed with ground‐based and spacecraft‐based coronagraphs in white light or with in situ measurements by spacecraft. CMEs transport mass and momentum and often drive shocks. In order to derive the CME and shock trajectories with high precision, we apply the graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) model to fit a flux rope to the CME directed toward STEREO A after about 19:00 UT on 29 November 2013 and check the quality of the heliocentric distance‐time evaluations by carrying out a three‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of the same CME with the Block Adaptive Tree Solar‐Wind Roe Upwind Scheme (BATS‐R‐US) code. Heliocentric distances of the CME and shock leading edges are determined from the simulated white light images and magnetic field strength data. We find very good agreement between the predicted and observed heliocentric distances, showing that the GCS model and the BATS‐R‐US simulation approach work very well and are consistent. In order to assess the validity of CME and shock identification criteria in coronagraph images, we also compute synthetic white light images of the CME and shock. We find that the outer edge of a cloud‐like illuminated area in the observed and predicted images in fact coincides with the leading edge of the CME flux rope and that the outer edge of a faint illuminated band in front of the CME leading edge coincides with the CME‐driven shock front.
Seismic attenuation in partially saturated Berea sandstone submitted to a range of confining pressures
Authors: Chapman Samuel , Tisato Nicola , Quintal Beatriz , Holliger Klaus 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUsing the forced oscillation method, we measure the extensional‐mode attenuation and Young's modulus of a Berea sandstone sample at seismic frequencies (0.5–50 Hz) for varying levels of water saturation (~0–100%) and confining pressures (2–25 MPa). Attenuation is negligible for dry conditions and saturation levels <80%. For saturation levels between ~91% and ~100%, attenuation is significant and frequency dependent in the form of distinct bell‐shaped curves having their maxima between 1 and 20 Hz. Increasing saturation causes an increase of the overall attenuation magnitude and a shift of its peak to lower frequencies. On the other hand, increasing the confining pressure causes a reduction in the attenuation magnitude and a shift of its peak to higher frequencies. For saturation levels above ~98%, the fluid pressure increases with increasing confining pressure. When the fluid pressure is high enough to ensure full water saturation of the sample, attenuation becomes negligible. A second series of comparable experiments reproduces these results satisfactorily. Based on a qualitative analysis of the data, the frequency‐dependent attenuation meets the theoretical predictions of mesoscopic wave‐induced fluid flow (WIFF) in response to a heterogeneous water distribution in the pore space, so‐called patchy saturation. These results show that mesoscopic WIFF can be an important source of seismic attenuation at reservoir conditions.
Spectral slopes of the absorption coefficient of colored dissolved and detrital material inverted from UV‐visible remote sensing reflectance
Authors: Wei Jianwei , Lee Zhongping , Ondrusek Michael , Mannino Antonio , Tzortziou Maria , Armstrong Roy 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe spectral slope of the absorption coefficient of colored dissolved and detrital material (CDM), Scdm (units: nm−1), is an important optical parameter for characterizing the absorption spectral shape of CDM. Although highly variable in natural waters, in most remote sensing algorithms, this slope is either kept as a constant or empirically modeled with multiband ocean color in the visible domain. In this study, we explore the potential of semianalytically retrieving Scdm with added ocean color information in the ultraviolet (UV) range between 360 and 400 nm. Unique features of hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance in the UV‐visible wavelengths (360–500 nm) have been observed in various waters across a range of coastal and open ocean environments. Our data and analyses indicate that ocean color in the UV domain is particularly sensitive to the variation of the CDM spectral slope. Here, we used a synthesized dataset to show that adding UV wavelengths to the ocean color measurements will improve the retrieval of Scdm from remote sensing reflectance considerably, while the spectral band settings of past and current satellite ocean color sensors cannot fully account for the spectral variation of remote sensing reflectance. Results of this effort support the concept to include UV wavelengths in the next generation of satellite ocean color sensors.
A data fusion‐based drought index
Authors: Azmi Mohammad , Rüdiger Christoph , Walker Jeffrey P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDrought and water stress monitoring plays an important role in the management of water resources, especially during periods of extreme climate conditions. Here, a data fusion‐based drought index (DFDI) has been developed and analyzed for three different locations of varying land use and climate regimes in Australia. The proposed index comprehensively considers all types of drought through a selection of indices and proxies associated with each drought type. In deriving the proposed index, weekly data from three different data sources (OzFlux Network, Asia‐Pacific Water Monitor, and MODIS‐Terra satellite) were employed to first derive commonly used individual standardized drought indices (SDIs), which were then grouped using an advanced clustering method. Next, three different multivariate methods (principal component analysis, factor analysis, and independent component analysis) were utilized to aggregate the SDIs located within each group. For the two clusters in which the grouped SDIs best reflected the water availability and vegetation conditions, the variables were aggregated based on an averaging between the standardized first principal components of the different multivariate methods. Then, considering those two aggregated indices as well as the classifications of months (dry/wet months and active/non‐active months), the proposed DFDI was developed. Finally, the symbolic regression method was used to derive mathematical equations for the proposed DFDI. The results presented here show that the proposed index has revealed new aspects in water stress monitoring which previous indices were not able to, by simultaneously considering both hydrometeorological and ecological concepts to define the real water stress of the study areas.
Exploring the influence of precipitation extremes and human water use on total water storage (TWS) changes in the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna River Basin
Authors: Khandu  , Forootan Ehsan , Schumacher Maike , Awange Joseph L. , Müller Schmied Hannes 
Published: March 2016

AbstractClimate extremes such as droughts and intense rainfall events are expected to strongly influence global/regional water resources in addition to the growing demands for freshwater. This study examines the impacts of precipitation extremes and human water usage on total water storage (TWS) over the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna (GBM) River Basin in South Asia. Monthly TWS changes derived from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) (2002–2014) and soil moisture from three reanalyses (1979–2014) are used to estimate new extreme indices. These indices are applied in conjunction with standardized precipitation indices (SPI) to explore the impacts of precipitation extremes on TWS in the region. The results indicate that although long‐term precipitation do not indicate any significant trends over the two subbasins (Ganges and Brahmaputra‐Meghna), there is significant decline in rainfall (9.0 ± 4.0 mm/decade) over the Brahmaputra‐Meghna River Basin from 1998 to 2014. Both river basins exhibit a rapid decline of TWS from 2002 to 2014 (Ganges: 12.2 ± 3.4 km3/yr and Brahmaputra‐Meghna: 9.1 ± 2.7 km3/yr). While the Ganges River Basin has been regaining TWS (5.4 ± 2.2 km3/yr) from 2010 onward, the Brahmaputra‐Meghna River Basin exhibits a further decline (13.0 ± 3.2 km3/yr) in TWS from 2011 onward. The impact of human water consumption on TWS appears to be considerably higher in Ganges compared to Brahmaputra‐Meghna, where it is mainly concentrated over Bangladesh. The interannual water storage dynamics are found to be strongly associated with meteorological forcing data such as precipitation. In particular, extreme drought conditions, such as those of 2006 and 2009, had profound negative impacts on the TWS, where groundwater resources are already being unsustainably exploited.
Time‐varying nonstationary multivariate risk analysis using a dynamic Bayesian copula
Authors: Sarhadi Ali , Burn Donald H. , Concepción Ausín María , Wiper Michael P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA time‐varying risk analysis is proposed for an adaptive design framework in nonstationary conditions arising from climate change. A Bayesian, dynamic conditional copula is developed for modeling the time‐varying dependence structure between mixed continuous and discrete multiattributes of multidimensional hydrometeorological phenomena. Joint Bayesian inference is carried out to fit the marginals and copula in an illustrative example using an adaptive, Gibbs Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler. Posterior mean estimates and credible intervals are provided for the model parameters and the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) is used to select the model that best captures different forms of nonstationarity over time. This study also introduces a fully Bayesian, time‐varying joint return period for multivariate time‐dependent risk analysis in nonstationary environments. The results demonstrate that the nature and the risk of extreme‐climate multidimensional processes are changed over time under the impact of climate change, and accordingly the long‐term decision making strategies should be updated based on the anomalies of the nonstationary environment.
Quasi‐linear simulations of inner radiation belt electron pitch angle and energy distributions
Authors: Albert Jay M. , Starks Michael J. , Horne Richard B. , Meredith Nigel P. , Glauert Sarah A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract“Peculiar” or “butterfly” electron pitch angle distributions (PADs), with minima near 90°, have recently been observed in the inner radiation belt. These electrons are traditionally treated by pure pitch angle diffusion, driven by plasmaspheric hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitter signals. Since this leads to monotonic PADs, energy diffusion by magnetosonic waves has been proposed to account for the observations. We show that the observed PADs arise readily from two‐dimensional diffusion at L = 2, with or without magnetosonic waves. It is necessary to include cross diffusion, which accounts for the relationship between pitch angle and energy changes. The distribution of flux with energy is also in good agreement with observations between 200 keV and 1 MeV, dropping to very low levels at higher energy. Thus, at this location radial diffusion may be negligible at subrelativistic as well as ultrarelativistic energy.
Anomalous electron heating effects on the E region ionosphere in TIEGCM
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Wenbin , Oppenheim Meers , Dimant Yakov , Wiltberger Michael , Merkin Slava 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe have recently implemented a new module that includes both the anomalous electron heating and the electron‐neutral cooling rate correction associated with the Farley‐Buneman Instability (FBI) in the thermosphere‐ionosphere electrodynamics global circulation model (TIEGCM). This implementation provides, for the first time, a modeling capability to describe macroscopic effects of the FBI on the ionosphere and thermosphere in the context of a first‐principle, self‐consistent model. The added heating sources primarily operate between 100 and 130 km altitude, and their magnitudes often exceed auroral precipitation heating in the TIEGCM. The induced changes in E region electron temperature in the auroral oval and polar cap by the FBI are remarkable with a maximum Te approaching 2200 K. This is about 4 times larger than the TIEGCM run without FBI heating. This investigation demonstrates how researchers can add the important effects of the FBI to magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere models and simulators.
Solar forcing over the last 1500 years and Australian tropical cyclone activity
Authors: Haig Jordahna Ellan‐Ann , Nott Jonathan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAccurate seasonal and decadal predictions of tropical cyclone activity are essential for the development of mitigation strategies for the 2.7 billion residents living within cyclone prone regions. The traditional indices (Southern Oscillation Index and various sea surface temperature indices) have fallen short in recent years as seasonal predictors within the Australian region. The short length of these records (i.e., <50 years) has meant that our current knowledge of larger‐scale drivers at interdecadal, centennial, and millennial scales is limited. The development of a new tropical cyclone activity index spanning the last 1500 years has enabled the examination of tropical cyclone climatology at higher temporal resolution than was previously possible. Here we show that in addition to other well‐known climate indices, solar forcing largely drives decadal, interdecadal, and centennial cycles within the tropical cyclone record.
Electron energization and structure of the diffusion region during asymmetric reconnection
Authors: Chen Li‐Jen , Hesse Michael , Wang Shan , Bessho Naoki , Daughton William 
Published: March 2016

AbstractResults from particle‐in‐cell simulations of reconnection with asymmetric upstream conditions are reported to elucidate electron energization and structure of the electron diffusion region (EDR). Acceleration of unmagnetized electrons results in discrete structures in the distribution functions and supports the intense current and perpendicular heating in the EDR. The accelerated electrons are cyclotron turned by the reconnected magnetic field to produce the outflow jets, and as such, the acceleration by the reconnection electric field is limited, leading to resistivity without particle‐particle or particle‐wave collisions. A map of electron distributions is constructed, and its spatial evolution is compared with quantities previously proposed to be EDR identifiers to enable effective identifications of the EDR in terrestrial magnetopause reconnection.
Robust reliable dissipative filtering for Markovian jump nonlinear systems with uncertainties
Authors: Sakthivel Rathinasamy , Sathishkumar M. , Mathiyalagan Kalidass , Marshal Anthoni S. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis paper investigates the problem of robust reliable dissipative filtering for a class of Markovian jump nonlinear systems with uncertainties and time‐varying transition probability matrix described by a polytope. Our main attention is focused on the design of a reliable dissipative filter performance for the filtering error system such that the resulting error system is stochastically stable and strictly
dissipative. By introducing a novel augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, a new set of sufficient conditions is obtained for the existence of reliable dissipative filter design in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). More precisely, a sufficient LMI condition is derived for reliable dissipative filtering that unifies the conditions for filtering with passivity and H∞ performances. Moreover, the filter gains are characterized in terms of solution to a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed design technique. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anion Recognition and Induced Self‐Assembly of an α,γ‐Cyclic Peptide To Form Spherical Clusters
Authors: Rodríguez‐Vázquez Nuria , Amorín Manuel , Alfonso Ignacio , Granja Juan R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA cyclic octapeptide composed of hydroxy‐functionalized γ‐amino acids folds in a “V‐shaped” conformation that allows the selective recognition of anions such as chloride, nitrate, and carbonate. The process involves the simultaneous self‐assembly of six peptide subunits and the recognition of four anions to form a tetrahedral structure, in which the anions are located at the corners of the resulting structure. Each anion is coordinated to three different peptides. The structure was fully characterized by several techniques, including NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction, and the material was able to facilitate the transmembrane transport of chloride ions.
Brief Report: Peripheral Osteolysis in Adults Linked to ASAH1 (Acid Ceramidase) Mutations: A New Presentation of Farber's Disease
Authors: Bonafé Luisa , Kariminejad Ariana , Li Jia , Royer‐Bertrand Beryl , Garcia Virginie , Mahdavi Shokouholsadat , Bozorgmehr Bita , Lachman Ralph L. , Mittaz‐Crettol Lauréane , Campos‐Xavier Belinda , Nampoothiri Sheela , Unger Sheila , Rivolta Carlo , Levade Thierry , Superti‐Furga Andrea 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo establish a diagnosis and provide counseling and treatment for 3 adult patients from one family presenting with peripheral osteolysis.MethodsFollowing clinical and radiographic assessment, exome sequencing, targeted gene resequencing, and determination of enzyme activity in cultured fibroblasts were performed.ResultsThe proband (age 40 years) had a history of episodic fever and pain in childhood that subsided around puberty. He and 2 of his older sisters (ages 58 and 60 years, respectively) showed adult‐onset progressive shortening of fingers and toes with redundancy of the overlying skin. Radiographs showed severe osteolysis of the distal radius and ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, and phalanges. Sequencing of the known genes for recessively inherited osteolysis, MMP2 and MMP14, failed to show pathogenic mutations. Exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygosity for mutations c.505T>C (p.Trp169Arg) and c.760A>G (p.Arg254Gly) in ASAH1, the gene coding for acid ceramidase. Sanger sequencing confirmed correct segregation in the family, and enzyme activity in fibroblast cultures from the patients was reduced to ∼8% of that in controls, confirming a diagnosis of Farber's disease.ConclusionOur findings indicate that hypomorphic mutations in ASAH1 may result in an osteoarticular phenotype with a juvenile phase resembling rheumatoid arthritis that evolves to osteolysis as the final stage in the absence of neurologic signs. This observation delineates a novel type of recessively inherited peripheral osteolysis and illustrates the long‐term skeletal manifestations of acid ceramidase deficiency (Farber's disease) in what appear to be the oldest affected individuals known so far.
Anti‐IgE Monoclonal Antibody (Omalizumab) in Refractory and Relapsing Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg‐Strauss): Data on Seventeen Patients
Authors: Jachiet Marie , Samson Maxime , Cottin Vincent , Kahn Jean‐Emmanuel , Le Guenno Guillaume , Bonniaud Philippe , Devilliers Hervé , Bouillet Laurence , Gondouin Anne , Makhlouf Fatma , Meaux‐Ruault Nadine , Gil Helder , Bienvenu Boris , Coste André , Groh Matthieu , Giraud Violaine , Dominique Stéphane , Godeau Bertrand , Puéchal Xavier , Khouatra Chahera , Ruivard Marc , Le Jeunne Claire , Mouthon Luc , Guillevin Loïc , Terrier Benjamin ,   for the French Vasculitis Study Group
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo describe the efficacy and safety of omalizumab, an anti‐IgE monoclonal antibody, in patients with refractory and/or relapsing eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg‐Strauss) (EGPA).MethodsWe conducted a nationwide retrospective study including EGPA patients who received omalizumab. Response was defined as the absence of asthma and/or sinonasal exacerbations with a prednisone dosage of ≤7.5 mg/day (complete response) or >7.5 mg/day (partial response).ResultsSeventeen patients (median age 45 years) received omalizumab for severe steroid‐dependent asthma (88%) and/or sinonasal involvement (18%). After a median follow‐up of 22 months, 6 patients (35%) achieved a complete response, 5 patients (30%) achieved a partial response, and 6 patients (35%) had no improvement. The median Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score decreased from 2.5 at baseline to 0.5 at 12 months. The median number of exacerbations per month decreased from 1 at baseline to 0 at 12 months, and the median forced expiratory volume in 1 second increased from 63% of the percent predicted at baseline to 85% of the percent predicted at 12 months. The median prednisone dosage decreased from 16 mg/day at baseline to 11 mg/day at 6 months and 9 mg/day at 12 months. Omalizumab was discontinued in 8 patients (47%) during follow‐up, because of remission (12.5%), adverse event despite disease remission (12.5%), refractory disease (25%), or relapse (50%). Relapses included retrobulbar optic neuritis attributable to EGPA in 2 patients and severe asthma flare in 2 others.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that omalizumab may have a corticosteroid‐sparing effect in EGPA patients with asthmatic and/or sinonasal manifestations, but reducing the corticosteroid dose may also increase the risk of severe EGPA flares, which raises the question of the safety of omalizumab in patients with EGPA.
The Antiadhesive Strategy in Crohn′s Disease: Orally Active Mannosides to Decolonize Pathogenic Escherichia coli from the Gut
Authors: Alvarez Dorta Dimitri , Sivignon Adeline , Chalopin Thibaut , Dumych Tetiana I. , Roos Goedele , Bilyy Rostyslav O. , Deniaud David , Krammer Eva‐Maria , de Ruyck Jérome , Lensink Marc F. , Bouckaert Julie , Barnich Nicolas , Gouin Sébastien G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBlocking the adherence of bacteria to cells is an attractive complementary approach to current antibiotic treatments, which are faced with increasing resistance. This strategy has been particularly studied in the context of urinary tract infections (UTIs), in which the adhesion of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains to uroepithelial cells is prevented by blocking the FimH adhesin expressed at the tips of bacteria organelles called fimbriae. Recently, we extended the antiadhesive concept, showing that potent FimH antagonists can block the attachment of adherent‐invasive E. coli (AIEC) colonizing the intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn′s disease (CD). In this work, we designed a small library of analogues of heptyl mannoside (HM), a previously identified nanomolar FimH inhibitor, but one that displays poor antiadhesive effects in vivo. The anomeric oxygen atom was replaced by a sulfur or a methylene group to prevent hydrolysis by intestinal glycosidases, and chemical groups were attached at the end of the alkyl tail. Importantly, a lead compound was shown to reduce AIEC levels in the feces and in the colonic and ileal mucosa after oral administration (10 mg kg−1) in a transgenic mouse model of CD. The compound showed a low bioavailability, preferable in this instance, thus suggesting the possibility of setting up an innovative antiadhesive therapy, based on the water‐soluble and non‐cytotoxic FimH antagonists developed here, for the CD subpopulation in which AIEC plays a key role.