bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Properties of 50/50 Nylon/Cotton and Nylon/Viscose Blends: Part I: The Strength and Air Permeability of Fabrics Varying in Construction
Authors: Krasny J. F. , Groh G. J. , Yelland W. E. C. 
Published: November 2015

About thirty experimental nylon/cellulosic fiber blend fabrics were constructed to study the effects of the following variables: cotton vs ordinary and modified viscose; intimate vs plied yarn blends; weave, yarn number and spacing, and twist; untreated vs heavily resin-treated samples, with various add-ons of softener. The grab strength of the nylon/cotton intimate blend fabrics could be related to the weight of the stressed yarn system by the equation: Grab strength, lb = 0.0087 den/in. — 15 (corr. coeff. 0.95) There was no significant effect of the fabric construction or resin treatment on this relationship. The points representing nylon/viscose intimate blend fabrics were generally quite close to this line, but those for nylon/cotton plied yarn blend fabrics followed an equation with the same slope but with an intercept of +30; thus, at an average, they had 45 lb more grab strength than comparable intimate blend fabrics. The tear strength of the untreated, nylon/cotton intimate blend fabrics followed the relationship Tear strength, lb = 0.00036 den/in. — 0.3 (corr. coeff. 0.74) The points above this line were generally those representing satins and relatively coarse yarns; those below, 2/1 twills and plain weave fabrics and/or relatively fine yarns. The same slope with an intercept of −2.5 lb and a correlation coefficient of 0.91 were obtained after resin treatment, indicating an average strength loss of 2.2 lb, and a much smaller effect of fabric construction. The nylon/cotton plied yarn blend and the nylon/viscose intimate blend fabrics had higher tear strength than their nylon/cotton intimate blend counterparts. The air permeability of the blends which contained viscose was generally higher than that of their cotton-containing counterparts. In all blends, the air permeability was reduced by the resin treatment. Within each blend, the air permeability was essentially a function of the closeness with which a fabric construction approached the limit of weavability. Relatively low twist (twist multiplier 3.05) lowered the air permeability but did not affect the grab or tear strength in these fabrics.
Statistical Treatment of Data and Extreme-Value Theory in Relation to Fatigue in Textiles
Authors: Prevorsek Dusan , Lyons W. James , Whitwell J. C. 
Published: November 2015

The use of central measures of lifetime to characterize fatigue behavior is misleading, and more attention should be paid to early failures and expected minimum life. Differences in the dispersions of lifetimes between samples may lead to faulty conclusions if these are based on mean lifetimes. The possible dependence of dispersion on stroke is considered. Because of dispersion in fatigue data, it is necessary to test large numbers of specimens to make reliable predictions. The inadequacy of observed central values as bases for judging the applicability of a distribution is discussed. Criticism leveled against the commonly used logarithmic-normal distribution is cited. Criteria are presented for the development of a lifetime distribution that takes into account the physical realities of the fatigue process. Analytical expressions for a number of concepts in the statistics of fatigue are reviewed. The theory suggesting the application of the third asymptotic distribution is outlined. The distribution has been adapted to accumulated fatigue data on an acrylic fiber sample.
Causal Attributions of Underachieving Gifted, Achieving Gifted, and Nongifted Students
Authors: Laffoon Kathy Seat , Jenkins-Friedman Reva , Tollefson Nona 
Published: November 2015

Underachievement among students with high intellectual potential is of increasing concern to educators and psychologists working with and/or studying this population. Although research has demonstrated a link between perceived control and motivation to achieve among elementary students, very little research has employed this variable in attempts to identify criterial characteristics of underachieving gifted children and youth. The study compared the mean locus of control and attribution scores of elementary students (75 males and 62 females) who were classified as underachieving gifted (21 males and 15 females), or nongifted (31 males, 31 females), or achieving gifted (23 males, 16 females). Results indicate that mean attribution scores for underachieving gifted students were significantly higher for ability in success situations than for achieving gifted or nongifted students. In contrast, underachieving gifted and nongifted students' mean scores were significantly higher for externality and luck in failure situations than their achieving gifted peers. Attribution retraining strategies, particularly those encouraging persistence and learning from failures, are recommended for underachieving-gifted students.
Support for the Achievement Ideology and Determinants of Underachievement as Perceived by Gifted, Above-Average, and Average Black Students
Authors: Ford Donna Y. 
Published: November 2015

Social, psychological, and cultural determinants of underachievement, as perceived by fifth and sixth grade Black students in three academic programs (gifted, above-average, and average), were explored to understand more fully the dynamics of underachievement among Black males and females. Also analyzed were students' support for the American achievement ideology, the level of importance they place on school, and their level of effort in school. Differences in the responses of males and females in the three academic programs were examined. Findings suggest that gifted, above-average, and average students responded similarly to the social, cultural, and psychological factors. However, gifted students, regardless of gender, were most supportive of the achievement ideology and average students were least supportive. Findings also point to a paradox of underachievement in which the students hold positive beliefs about the relationship between schooling, hard work, and effort to upward mobility and success in life, yet they do not exert high levels of effort in school.
Programs for the Gifted: To Be or Not to Be
Authors: Tannenbaum Abraham J. 
Published: November 2015

A. Harry Passow was intensely devoted to encouraging and enhancing differentiated education for the gifted. But he was never an ideologue who refused to listen to critics or even to those who would shut down such programs. The spreading influence of attacks on special services to able children has, therefore, led me to prepare this paper as a memorial tribute to Harry's steadfastness in defending the rights of the gifted as well as his open-mindedness toward contrary views on the subject. Presented here is an attempt to encapsulate the opposition's major objections, along with the responses that I shared with Harry over more than 40 years of our working together and developing what, for me, was the closest, most precious friendship I have had outside of my immediate family. The critics' strongest charges are against (a) fostering elitism in schools by singling out the gifted for quality education, (b) the naïve and prejudicial ways of testing for giftedness, (c) the inequity and inadequacy of ability grouping, (d) the fallacy of current practices that allows out-of-context mind training exercises to serve as curriculum enrichment, and (e) the failure of programs for the gifted to influence programs for the nongifted. Compared with the campaign to delegitimize special education for the gifted, there are social and cultural realities that may pose an even greater threat to the nurture of excellence as we know it now. These trends include (a) the growing desensitization to high culture among youth, who are distracted by an unrelenting assault on their visual, auditory, and cognitive receptors, as communicated through the popular media and world of entertainment; (b) deconstruction in the fine arts, music, and literature that places the subjective responses of the viewer, listener, and reader above the quality of these works and the genius of their creators; (c) doubts about the traditional assumption that scientific exploration and discovery are self-evident virtues even when their side effects may prove dangerous to the well-being of humanity; and (d) the movement towards dividing society into a rainbow of subcultures, each with its own identity and traditions, its creative idioms, its cultural tastes, and its consequent unique standards of excellence. Recognizing how fragmentary, faddish, and vulnerable to extinction enrichment programs could be, Harry Passow spent the better part of his career supporting quality programs for the gifted, which might otherwise collapse under the weight of criticism and the pressures of modern cultural and social life. He did it for the sake of these extraordinary children and for the world they will, we hope, serve with distinction some day.
Auditory Brain Stem Responses in Rhesus Monkey with Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Fria Thomas J. , Saad Mohamed M. , Doyle William J. , Cantekin Erdem I. 
Published: November 2015

Auditory brain stem response (ABR) tests were conducted on 17 anesthetized juvenile rhesus monkeys. Recordings were obtained for 13 control ears without otitis media with effusion (OME) and seven experimental ears with OME. The results demonstrated an increase in response latencies for the experimental ears with OME at each of four stimulus presentation levels (80, 60, 40, and 20 dB hearing level). Interwave latencies were the same for both groups of ears. The results suggest an average 25‐dB peripheral loss of predominantly middle ear origin associated with OME. The ABR appeared to be a viable technique for documenting auditory impairment associated with OME in this nonhuman primate model.
Membranous ruptures in Meniere's disease: Existence, location, and incidence
Authors: Koskas Herve J. , Linthicum Fred H. , House William F. 
Published: November 2015

Whether or not attacks of Meniere's disease are related to ruptures in the membranous labyrinth is still a point of contention. To help clarify this point, we used light microscopy to study the membranous labyrinth in 14 temporal bones with hydrops from patients with Meniere's disease, four bones with hydrops from patients without Meniere's disease, and 11 normal bones. Findings suggest that ruptures are specific to bones with hydrops from patients with Meniere's disease and that they occur more frequently in Reissner's membrane than in the vestibular membranes.
Vestibular plasticity
Authors: Jones Geoffrey Melvill 
Published: November 2015

REVIEWERS COMMENTS: The last four paragraphs of this article contain original and perceptive ideas, the sort of research one hopes for (and rarely gets) from a laboratory neurophysiologist. Those who are keen can work their way through it, think about the material, and fight their way through to the important conclusion … that the brain responds by adaptive changes within the vestibular system both to lesions and to alteration of the external environment.Hugh O. Barber, MDPresident, American Neurotology Society
A Surgical Alternative to Internal Maxillary Artery Ligation for Posterior Epistaxis
Authors: Anderson Robert G. , Shannon Donelson N. , Schaefer Steven D. , Raney Lewis A. 
Published: November 2015

Posterior epistaxis is a disease of varying magnitude and is associated with considerable morbidity. Surgical management often consists of transantral ligation of the internal maxillary artery and its branches, with or without ligation of the ethmoidal arteries. Ten patients underwent an alternative surgical procedure in which the nasopharynx and posterior nasal cavity were indirectly examined for bleeding sites with a large laryngeal mirror. Nasal septal reconstruction with mobilization of the anterior cartilaginous septum from the maxillary crest allowed lateral displacement of the septum with excellent visualization of the lateral nasal walls. Hemorrhage was controlled by electrocoagulation of bleeding sites with a disposable, malleable suction electrocautery. No complications occurred in this group of 10 patients and no further epistaxis has been reported during a follow‐up of 17 to 35 months.
Postauricular Undersurface Tympanic Membrane Grafting: Some Modifications of the “Swinging Door” Technique
Authors: Schwaber Mitchell K. 
Published: November 2015

Following Palva's1 original description of the technique, the “swinging door” tympanoplasty was modified and reported by several otologic surgeons, including Glass‐Cock,2,3 Fisch,4 Smyth,6 Pennington.6 The basic technique involves the elevation of superiorly based and inferiorly based canal skin flaps, or “swinging doors.” After dividing the posterior anulus, the flaps are rotated anteriorly, a maneuver that provides ample exposure of the middle ear and greatly simplifies underlay fascia grafting. The purpose of this article is to review this basic technique and to describe additional modifications that further simplify tympanoplasty grafting. These modifications include (1) canal flap advancement, (2) the use of multiple fascia grafts, (3) techniques for securing the graft to the malleus handle, and (4) the use of tragal cartilage in grafting. With this technique, a 95% take rate was observed at 3 months, and the graft was firmly attached to the malleus handle in all cases.
The electrically evoked vestibulo‐ocular reflex: I. normal subjects
Authors: Moore Dennis M. , Hoffman Larry F. , Beykirch Karl , Honrubia Vicente , Baloh Robert W. 
Published: November 2015

Recent animal studies indicate that electric currents applied through perilymphatic‐space electrodes stimulate vestibular primary afferent neurons directly. These findings suggest that electrical stimulation may provide a testing method by which the vestibular nerve and central pathways could be evaluated separately from the vestibular end‐organ. The goal of this study was to obtain normative data on human beings for an electrically evoked vestibulo‐ocular reflex (EVOR). Sinusoidal electrical stimuli (0.0125 to 0.8 Hz, 4 mA peak intensity) were applied along the interaural axis through mastoid electrodes in 10 subjects. Horizontal eye movements were recorded by an infrared limbus‐tracking device. The subjects also underwent rotational stimulation at the same frequencies so that their horizontal vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) could be evaluated. Nystagmus was observed in the EVOR at lower stimulus frequencies, whereas purely sinusoidal eye deviations occurred at higher frequencies. The phase of the EVOR slow‐component eye velocity consistently lagged the stimulus. This contrasts with the phase measurements of the VOR in the same subjects, which exhibited a lead relative to head velocity. These findings suggest that currents applied to human beings may activate vestibular primary afferents independent of peripheral receptor mechanisms and thereby provide a “site‐of‐lesion” testing method by which the vestibular nerve and central pathways can be evaluated separately from the vestibular end‐organ.
Patterns of hearing loss resulting from cis‐Platinum Therapy
Authors: Blakley Brian W. , Myers Steven F. 
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to provide a clinically useful classification of the hearing loss that occurs with chemotherapy using cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (cis‐platinum). Serial audiometric testing was performed on 66 patients who underwent cis‐platinum chemotherapy (2 to 6 courses, 100 mg/m2). Subsequent hearing losses were classified according to (1) whether hearing loss occurred after the first or second course of chemotherapy, (2) the magnitude of loss, and (3) the frequencies affected. Of 39 patients who could be classified, 21 (54%) had no loss or mild loss, 14 (36%) had early loss, and 4 (10%) had late loss. Different patterns of hearing loss were observed. The observation that different patterns of hearing loss occur implies that different mechanisms of hearing loss exist. Some mechanisms must be more important in different patients. Our data are important with regard to continuation of chemotherapy treatment after hearing loss occurs. Most significant hearing loss (90%) occurred early or not at all. If early hearing loss occurred and treatment was continued, the speech frequencies were eventually affected in 71% of patients. Recognition of the patterns of hearing loss are important considerations when discontinuation of therapy is being considered. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1993;109:385‐91.)
Autorotation test of the horizontal vestibulo‐ocular reflex in meniere's disease
Authors: Ng Matthew , Davis Linda L. , O'Leary Dennis P. 
Published: November 2015

Sixty‐four patients with the diagnosis of Meniere's disease were tested at the House Ear Clinic with an active head‐rotation test system, the Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT). The VAT is a portable, computerized test that measures the horizontal vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) with the use of high‐frequency (2 to 6 Hz) active head movements to obtain gain and phase. The purpose of this study was to characterize the horizontal VOR at high frequencies in patients with Meniere's disease. At frequencies from 5 to 6 Hz, all patients demonstrated horizontal phase greater than 180 degrees and 85% showed abnormal VAT results. The most common patterns were decreased gain or increased phase values, or both, relative to normative data. No significant differences in the degree of abnormality in gain and phase were noted among groups of patients when the patients were clinically staged. We conclude that, in our test population of patients with Meniere's disease, the VAT shows common gain and phase patterns and abnormalities of the horizontal VOR. This may contribute to high retinal image velocities, which render the patient unable to stabilize retinal images during locomotion (visual field image slip), in as many as 85% of the patients tested, regardless of clinical stage. Such high‐frequency testing can reveal abnormalities of the horizontal VOR not apparent from conventional vestibular testing. Thus VAT provides additional information about the functioning VOR when combined with the present vestibular test battery. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1993;109:399‐412.)
Intranasal histamine challenge in normality and allergic rhinitis
Authors: Birchall Martin A. , Phillips Ian , Fuller Rick W. , Pride Neil B. 
Published: November 2015

A series of investigations was performed in which histamine challenge was used to compare nasal responsiveness in 20 normal subjects and 20 with allergic rhinitis. There was found to be a lower threshold of reactivity (D100) to histamine in allergic subjects as measured by resistance changes (geometric mean, 0.53 mg/ml; normal subjects, 2.15: p = 0.022). This may represent increased number or sensitivity of histamine receptors on the nasal capacitance vessels. The loss of a laser Doppler response to a supramaximal histamine stimulus (normal subjects, 102% increase in flux at 3 minutes; p < 0.05) was observed in patients with allergic rhinitis and indicates either a down‐regulation of the capillary system or an altered effect of histamine on superficial vessels, perhaps mediated by a shift in histamine receptor type. There was an observed increase in neutrophils at the mucosal surface under baseline conditions (rhinitis median, 49.6%; normal subjects, 32.72%: p < 0.05), which suggests an important primary role in the pathogenesis of this condition for this active cell. The observed increase in secretory volume response to histamine in allergic subjects, which persisted beyond 40 minutes after a single D100 challenge, may be related to an altered sensitivity of glandular tissue. There are important changes in nasal reactivity to histamine challenge in allergic rhinitis that may have implications for its pathogenesis. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1993;109:450‐6.)
Dimethyl sulfoxide increases the survival of primarily ischemic island skin flaps
Authors: Carpenter Robert J. , Angel Michael F. , Morgan Raymond F. 
Published: November 2015

There is ample evidence of the involvement of free radicals in mediating skin flap necrosis. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a well‐tolerated, safe drug that is a powerful scavenger of the hydroxyl free radical. The current study investigated the effect of DMSO on the survival of 9 × 4 cm skin flaps based on the epigastric vessels subjected to primary venous occlusion. Forty‐seven skin flaps were elevated and the epigastric vein was occluded by a microvascular clamp for 8 hours. Group 1 received DMSO (1.5 gm/kg) intraperitoneally at reperfusion. Group 2 received saline solution, group 3 received DMSO at reperfusion and every day for 5 days, group 4 received DMSO preoperatively and then as in group 3, and group 5 was the saline solution control for groups 3 and 4. DMSO did not increase percent flap survival when given as a single dose at reperfusion (40.6% ± 42.7%) compared with saline solution (33.7% ± 41.2%). When DMSO was continued in the postoperative period, group 3 (86.2% ± 25.8%) and group 4 (78.0% ± 32.5%) had significantly better survival than the saline solution control group (32.6% ± 39.8%) (p < 0.01 and p < 0.03, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups 3 and 4. DMSO administered at reperfusion and postoperatively for 5 days significantly increased flap survival. It is hypothesized that this occurs through scavenging deleterious free radical species. This effect may have clinical significance.
A randomized, controlled assessment of the canalith repositioning maneuver
Authors: Blakley Brian W. 
Published: November 2015

The efficacy of the canalith repositioning maneuver in the treatment of benign positional vertigo was assessed in this controlled, randomized trial of 38 subjects. Treated subjects underwent the maneuver and control subjects did not. All were reevaluated 1 month after treatment. The number of persons experiencing subjective improvement was not statistically significantly different between the treatment and control groups. All patients, in both experimental and control groups, in this study experienced substantial improvement. Although the maneuver is safe it does not have treatment benefit for benign positional vertigo.
Anemia in cardiac surgery: next target for mortality and morbidity improvement?
Authors: Padmanabhan Hari , Aktuerk Dincer , Brookes Matthew J , Nevill Alan M , Ng Alex , Cotton James , Luckraz Heyman 
Published: November 2015

Objective To assess the effects of preoperative anemia on outcomes of cardiac surgery and to explore the trend in mortality over an 8-year period. Methods During the study period (2005–2012), all 1170 patients undergoing elective or urgent cardiac surgery and classed as anemic were included. A matched group of non-anemic 1170 patients was used as a control group. Postoperative outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. The association between preoperative anemia and postoperative outcomes was analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results Compared with patients without anemia, the need for airway support (15% vs. 12%, p = 0.05), renal replacement therapy (13% vs. 8%, p < 0.01) and the rate of in-hospital surgical site infection (9% vs. 7%, p = 0.05) were higher in the anemic group. Anemia was associated with greater need for renal replacement therapy (odds ratio = 1.76, confidence interval: 1.21–2.37, p = 0.002) and prolonged (> 7 days) hospital stay (odds ratio = 1.21, confidence interval: 0.97–1.51, p = 0.08). The blood transfusion rate (54% vs. 33%, p < 0.01) and hospital mortality (5.6% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.02) were higher in the anemic group. Over the 8-year period, there was a significant improvement in mortality in the non-anemic group (from 6.5% to 1.6%) but less so in the anemic group (from 6.7% to 4.7%). Conclusion Anemia impacts significantly on morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery, with less improvement over time compared to patients without anemia. Preoperative correction of anemia, when feasible, could potentially help to improve cardiac surgery outcomes.