bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B - 79 Examining the MMPI-2-RF Profiles of Diagnosed Autistic Adults
Authors: Duran Julia K , Emerson Joules , Rieske Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The current study examined the psychopathology and personality trait presentation in Autistic adults utilizing the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form. We sought to identify patterns in the overall MMPI-2-RF score profiles of adults with autism spectrum disorder as well as to explore group differences between an ASD sample and a non-ASD group.

Method
Archival data was collected from a private clinic specializing in differential diagnosis in the Midwestern United States. 26 participants in the ASD group (57.7% male; 18–60 years old; 65.4% Caucasian) and 26 participants in the non-ASD group (53.9% male; 19–62 years old; 76.9% Caucasian) were matched using a one-to-one propensity score match with verbal composite score, age, and sex as the variables. The non-ASD group included clients administered the MMPI-2-RF and diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder and/or Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Results
Results showed statistically significant group differences on three validity scales as well as the scales of Ideas of Persecution, Dysfunctional Negative Emotions, Aberrant Experiences, Behavior-Restricting Fears, Juvenile Conduct Problems, Disaffiliativeness, Psychoticism-Revised, and Thought Dysfunction.

Conclusion
Several statistically significant and clinically relevant group differences were identified such as on scales of Aberrant Experiences and Disaffiliativeness which may be explained by social alienation & maladjustment experienced by autistic adults. Furthermore, differences on validity scales assessing infrequent responses and Uncommon Virtues may reflect rigid thinking. Findings also align with past research showing higher levels of anxiety, depression, and suicidality experienced by Autistic individuals. Overall, we established a pattern of elevated psychopathology and personality trait presentation in autistic adults which may be used to guide treatment interventions.
B - 87 The Moderating Effects of Current Substance Use on the Relationship between Neighborhood Deprivation and Cognitive Abilities
Authors: Ande Namitasai , Murphy Blakely , Ray Arjun , Puente Antonio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Numerous studies have illustrated the importance of social determinants of health (SDH) on neuropsychological outcomes (Zuelsdorff, 2020); however, what moderates this relationship is poorly understood. One factor that negatively affects neuropsychological outcomes is substance use (Volkow et al., 2016). This study, the first to our knowledge, examines the intersection between a composite measure of SDH, the Area Deprivation Index (ADI; Kind et al., 2018), and current substance use (CSU). We hypothesized that CSU would moderate SDH’s effect on neuropsychological test performance.

Method
This sample is 236 diverse adults (M age = 55; 64% female; 44% White) who completed a neuropsychological examination in an outpatient neuropsychology clinic between 2017–2023. The composite measure of SDH was the ADI (Kind et al., 2018), which uses 17 socioeconomic indicators. Test scores were converted to z-scores for six cognitive domains (processing speed, attention, executive functioning, language, visuospatial abilities, and memory) and a global cognitive function score. CSU was self-reported use of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. Regressions were used to test the hypothesized interaction.

Results
Results partially supported CSU’s moderation of ADI and cognition. CSU only moderated the relationship between ADI and memory functioning (b = −0.08,p = 0.008); the indirect association between ADI and memory ability was stronger for those who endorsed CSU, even after controlling for covariates.

Conclusions
Findings demonstrate the interaction between CSU and ADI in predicting memory abilities. Analyses suggest using substances compounds the detrimental effects of neighborhood deprivation on memory, independent of demographic factors. Such results underscore the importance of considering socioecological factors in neuropsychological evaluations and test development.
B - 88 Depression Mediates Right Cingulum-Hippocampal Integrity and Logical Memory Performance in Spanish-Speaking Mexican Americans
Authors: Sullivan Sydney C , Campbell Ivan , Ikonomou Vasilios C , Hill Benjamin D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate whether depression mediates the relationship between right cingulum-hippocampal integrity and Logical Memory I (LM I) in Spanish-speaking Mexican Americans.

Method
Participants were 456 Spanish-speaking Mexican Americans (70.2% female; mean age = 63.3 years, SD = 8.05; mean education = 6.75 years, SD = 3.96) from the Health & Aging Brain Study - Health Disparities (HABS-HD). They underwent standard neuropsychological testing and MRI scans. Right cingulum-hippocampal integrity was measured using mean diffusivity. Depression was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).

Results
The total effect of right cingulum-hippocampal integrity on LM 1 performance was significant [F(1, 413} = 15.24; p &lt; 0.001; r2 = 0.04; 95% CI = −6589.52, −2175.98]. Among the participants, 32.1% of participants reported depressive symptoms on the GDS, while only 21.1% received a clinical diagnosis. Depression demonstrated a significant indirect effect on LM 1 total score [B = −345.19; 95% CI = −811.34, −36.97]. The direct effect of right cingulum-hippocampal integrity on memory function remained significant [B = −4037.56; p &lt; 0.001; 95% CI = −6243.45, −1831.66] even after accounting for depression.

Conclusions
Depression partially mediated the relationship between right cingulum-hippocampal integrity and LM 1 performance. This suggests that the effect of right cingulum-hippocampal integrity on memory encoding is modulated by depression severity. However, a significant direct effect remained even after accounting for depression, indicating independent contributions of both factors. Further research is needed to examine additional variables that may influence the relationship between right cingulum-hippocampal integrity and LM 1 performance.
B - 96 Relationships between Self-Reported Cognitive Dysfunction, Functional Activities, and Intraindividual Cognitive Variability in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis (Pwms)
Authors: Riegler Kaitlin , Neto Lindsay O , Turner Aaron P , Raskin Sarah A , Gromisch Elizabeth S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
To examine the relationships between intraindividual cognitive variability (IIV) and self-reported cognitive and functional difficulties in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). We hypothesized higher perceived cognitive and functional difficulties would be associated with higher IIV.

Method
Participants (n = 35) were pwMS from a prospective memory intervention study. During the baseline evaluation, participants completed an objective neuropsychological test battery and a self-report measure of cognitive functioning (Perceived Deficits Questionnaire; PDQ Total). Participants were asked if they had problems in eight different functional areas due to their memory, with the number of endorsed problems summed. Two measures of IIV, an intraindividual standard deviation (ISD) score and maximum discrepancy score (MDS), were created from 11 indices. The relationship between the IIV and PDQ were assessed with individual linear regressions, controlling for demographics and disease-related characteristics, while Spearman correlations examined the associations with the number of reported functional memory problems.

Results
The PDQ was not significantly associated with either the ISD (b = −0.03, 95% CI: −0.15, 0.10, p = 0.672) or MDS (b = −0.01, 95% CI: −0.51, 0.32, p = 0.645). The overall number of functional memory problems was correlated with both the PDQ (ρ = 0.40, p = 0.018) and ISD (ρ = −0.35, p = 0.039), but not MSD (ρ = −0.22, p = 0.201).

Conclusion(s)
Perceived cognitive dysfunction was not associated with IIV. However, self-reported functional problems with memory were associated with perceived cognition, as well as one metric of IIV. ISD may better reflect moment to moment fluctuations that lead to difficulties with daily functioning, as opposed to MDS which may reflect underlying variation (e.g., base rates of impairment) in cognitive performance.
B - 98 Effect of Insomnia on Sustained Attention in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)
Authors: Cao Tony , Hammond Jared B , Darwazah Hannah , Roth Robert M , Moncrief Grant G 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Insomnia symptoms are prevalent among individuals with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) and may, to some extent, reflect virally-mediated neurological changes. Mood disturbance and cognitive impairment, including weaknesses in attention and processing speed, are also observed. There is limited research examining the association between insomnia, mood, and cognition in PASC, which we aimed to elucidate.

Methods
Patients were 69 consecutive adults (M-age = 46.5 ± 11.6 years; M-education = 15.03 ± 2.66 years; M-TOPF-SS = 104.6 ± =12.58; 69.6% female; 95.7% White) seen for neuropsychological evaluation in a PASC clinic. They completed the Conners Continuous Performance (CPT-3), Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Insomnia Severity Index, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory as part of a larger battery of measures. Cognitive performance was compared between patients with elevated versus non-elevated insomnia symptoms. Models were also adjusted for mood symptoms via MANCOVA.

Results
Group demographics were unrelated to mood, sleep, and cognition. MANOVA yielded a significant main effect (Wilks’ Λ = 0.656, F(7,61) = 4.57, p &lt; 0.001), with more CPT-3 commission errors (p &lt; 0.001, ηp2 = 0.247), faster reaction times (p = 0.012, ηp2 = 0.090), and more variable response speed consistency (p = 0.027, ηp2 = 0.071) in those with insomnia. Commission errors and reaction times remained significant after covarying for mood. The insomnia group displayed slower responses across block changes (p = 0.038, ηp2 = 0.065) when mood was controlled.

Conclusion
Patients with PASC with elevated insomnia symptoms showed greater inaccuracy and more variable reaction times on a sustained attention task, in a pattern suggesting impulsivity, even after controlling for mood symptoms. Findings suggest that improving sleep may ameliorate attention deficits in persons with PASC.
B - 99 Timely Matters: Processing Speed and Other Cognitive Corelates of Identi-Fi Accuracy and Time to Completion
Authors: Hammond Jared B , Darwazah Hannah , Graefe Anna C , Moncrief Grant G , Roth Robert M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The Identi-Fi is a test of visuospatial organization with overall performance represented by the Visual Organization Index (VOI). Though untimed, the Professional Manual indicates administration takes ~10 minutes in the standardization sample. We examined Identi-Fi time of completion (TOC) in a mixed clinical sample and explored whether TOC and VOI are differentially associated with other neuropsychological measures.

Method
Participants were 240 adults referred for clinical neuropsychological evaluation, 78.3% being aged 60+ (M = 64.50 ± 12.38 years, range = 21–79), male (54.6%), with 14.80 ± 2.89 years of education (range = 7–21). They completed the Identi-Fi and other cognitive tests (WAIS-IV Block Design and Digit Span; Trail Making Test; Boston Naming Test; D-KEFS Color-Word Interference). Correlation and linear regression were used to examine relationships.

Results
Overall, VOI was low average (M = 85.61 ± 19.00, range = 40–125). TOC was slightly longer (M = 12.92 ± 6.04 minutes, range = 4.07–47.78) than reported in the manual. VOI was correlated with visuoconstruction, confrontation naming, attention, processing speed and executive functions (all p ≤ 0.001), as well as TOC (r = −0.195, p = 0.002) and education (r = 0.136, p = 0.035). TOC was corelated with age (r. = 384, p &lt; 0.001), education (r = 0.141, p = 0.029), processing speed (TMT-A: r = −0.329, p &lt; 0.001; CW1: r = −0.171, p = 0.014), cognitive flexibility (r = −0.230, p = 0.001), and response inhibition (r = −0.269, p &lt; 0.001). TOC was predicted by processing speed (β = −4.986, p = 0.049) even after accounting for age and education.

Conclusion
TOC may be longer in clinical populations, though this may reflect the older age of this sample. Although time and accuracy on the Identi-Fi correlated with processing speed, accuracy was also associated with other cognitive abilities. Further research into the clinical utility of Identi-Fi TOC is warranted.
B - 100 Psychomotor Vs. Cognitive Processing Speed in Episodic Verbal Memory
Authors: Arreola Langarica Ashley L , Boynton Harrison G , Zamora Joel , DiGiovanna Ben J , Motley John E , Tran Sarah , Way Sarah , Barnett Michael D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Processing speed has been shown to positively correlate with episodic memory. However, few studies have explored the nuanced relationship between processing speed and memory. This study explores the types of processing speed measures (e.g., psychomotor vs. cognitive) in relation to episodic verbal memory.

Method
Participants (N = 231; Mage = 56.73; female = 62.3%) completed the Weschler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR), Grooved Pegboard Test (GPB), Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition Coding (WAIS-CD), Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A), Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System-Word Reading (DKEFS-1), and the DKEFS-Color Naming (DKEFS-2) as part of a neuropsychological assessment. Sum of normed z-scores from the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition Immediate Recall, List-B, Short-Delayed Free Recall, and Long-Delayed Free Recall created a composite score representing memory.

Results
Hierarchical linear regression showed premorbid (p &lt; 0.001) and motor functioning (p &lt; 0.001) in a significant Model 1 (p &lt; 0.001), explaining 19.8% of the variance (AdjustedR2 = 0.198). Model 2 was significant (F (6, 178) = 12.95, p &lt; 0.001) and explained an additional 8.2% (AdjustedR2 = 0.280). Only WAIS-CD (β = 0.20, p = 0.014) and TMT-A (β = 0.19, p = 0.012) emerged as significant independent predictors.

Conclusion
Results showed that both variables involving psychomotor processing speed were independent predictors of episodic verbal memory even after controlling for premorbid and motor functioning. Results provide further clarity into the relationship between processing speed and episodic memory. Future research should attempt to more stringently control for other physical factors that may account for variance in this relationship to ensure replicability.
B - 102 Neurocognitive Functioning of Patients Diagnosed with Sickle Cell Disease in Low-to-Middle Income Countries
Authors: Pinkett Bari L , Hankins Jane , Heitzer Andrew , Longoria Jennifer , Nesbitt Katherine , Wrigley Jordan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a monogenic blood disorder affecting the production of hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen to all vital organs in the body. As a result, insufficient oxygen delivery and cerebrovascular complications often occur which can affect neurocognitive performance. In low-to-middle-income countries (LMIC) where health care and treatment of the disease are harder to access, there is minimal neurocognitive surveillance. Our research aim was to evaluate the neurocognitive impact of SCD in children living in LMIC and establish which neurocognitive assessment measures are commonly used in SCD samples worldwide.

Data Selection
To analyze this, a librarian created search terms in studies from Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Global Health CABI, ERIC, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Studies that focused on participants with SCD of any genotype with a measure for cognitive/academic outcomes were included while commentaries and editorials were excluded. Two research assistants screened 1831 abstracts in Covidence, 52 abstracts were chosen for full-text review, and 18 articles were ultimately included for data extraction.

Data Synthesis
A systematic review was used to analyze these studies. Most of the studies were conducted in African and Middle Eastern countries and Brazil. Common measures included the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children or Adults. Information regarding cultural or language adaptations of neurocognitive measures was rarely reported. Several of the studies demonstrated that individuals with SCD have lower neurocognitive functioning compared to a non-SCD control group.

Conclusion
Further research is needed regarding the validity of neurocognitive measures used in LMIC among patients diagnosed with SCD.
B - 104 Cognition, Stigma, and Social and Occupational Functioning in First Episode Psychosis
Authors: Done Monica , Allen Daniel N , Cadiz Hazel , Condray Ruth , Gates-Woodyatt Jessica J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Among the many challenges faced by individuals experiencing their first episode of psychosis (FEP), commencement of public, self-, and structural stigma regarding their symptoms contributes to internalized shame, social exclusion, and discrimination. Individuals with FEP may experience rejection from friends, family, and community members due to misconceptions and fear surrounding mental illness, which can worsen mental health outcomes and hinder recovery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of self-reported stigma and predictors in adults with a first episode of psychosis.

Method
We measured IQ, stigma, social and occupational functioning, race, sex, and symptoms of psychosis in a sample of 77 individuals with FEP (29% female, mean age 31.8 years).

Results
Multiple regression analysis indicated that psychotic symptoms delusions were significant predictors of stigma in the model, while race, IQ, sex, and functioning were not significant predictors. The model was statistically significant for symptoms of delusions (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Initial findings indicate increased stigma is predicted by increased severity of delusional symptoms among individuals experiencing their first episode of psychosis. Surprisingly, other factors associated with stigma in more chronic illness were not significant predictors in the regression model. It may be that early in the course of psychotic illness, symptoms differentially contribute individuals’ perceptions of stigma by others. While these results offer preliminary insight, further research is necessary to explore additional factors uniquely associated with stigma in FEP, including contributors to internalized, public, and structural stigma, as well as interventions for decreasing negative impacts of stigma.
B - 109 Long-Term Cognitive Effects of Combined Opioid/Non-Opioid Use
Authors: Zolliecoffer Chandler J , Panchagnula Sreenath 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Chronic pain is estimated to afflict 25–50% of community-dwelling older adults (Cravello et al., 2019). Despite the growing epidemic, opioids remain commonly prescribed analgesics, and approximately 10% of older adults with intermittent opioid use become chronic users (Ramachandran et al., 2021). This is concerning given an observed association between cognitive decline and prescription opioid use within this population (Warner et al., 2022). In efforts to reduce opioid consumption, opioid/non-opioid combinations have been used (Pergolizzi et al., 2023); however, the long-term cognitive impact of such alternatives has not been investigated. Thus, the current case report investigates the neurocognitive outcome following longtime opioid/non-opioid combination cessation in the context of chronic pain.

Method
A 69-year-old Black woman with approximate 30-year history of chronic pain underwent neuropsychological re-evaluation 2 years post-initial assessment and 1.5 years after stopping combined hydromorphone/clonidine use via intrathecal pump. Baseline MRI brain revealed mild diffuse atrophy and punctate nonspecific T2 white matter hyperintensities. CT head approximately 1 year later was unremarkable.

Results
Neuropsychological re-assessment approximately 2 years post-baseline evaluation revealed significantly declined performances on speed-mediated tasks (e.g., oral numeric sequencing, fluency) amid an otherwise grossly stable, albeit globally impaired, cognitive profile.

Conclusions
This study elucidates the impact of a 1.5-year period of abstinence from 13 years of combined intrathecal opioid/non-opioid use. Overall, results suggest that cognitive performance, even following this abstinence period, is not improved. Thus, while opioid/non-opioid therapies may reduce opioid exposure, deleterious cognitive effects persist. This study highlights the importance of non-opioid analgesics in efforts to attenuate cognitive impairment risk.
B - 115 How Training Conditions Impact Performance on a Theoretically-Derived Learning Instrument
Authors: Dixon Bradley J , Woodard John L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Few neuropsychological measures were developed using an explicit theory that accounts for individual performance. We developed a novel associative learning measure to address this limitation and investigated whether training conditions could influence accuracy and response time.

Methods
Fifty young, community-dwelling adult participants completed the novel relational learning task, which explicitly trained two stimulus pairs (A- &gt; B, A- &gt; C) and involved a single common stimulus. Participants identify six unique relationships between stimuli: trained relations (A- &gt; B, A- &gt; C), mutually entailed relations (B- &gt; A, C- &gt; A), and combinatorial relations (B- &gt; C, C- &gt; B). Participants were randomly assigned to a congruent (A is opposite B, A is opposite C) or incongruent (A is opposite B, B is the same as C) training condition and completed the procedure when stimuli were observably (e.g., color-coded shapes) or arbitrarily related (e.g., letters).

Results
Comparisons of accuracy between training conditions using Bayesian independent samples t-tests found moderate evidence of no reliable difference between training groups when stimuli were observably related (BF01 = 3.4, δ = 0.06) and arbitrarily related (BF01 = 3.5, δ = 0.03). Comparisons of response time found strong evidence that participants took longer to identify relations when receiving incongruent training when the stimuli were visually related (BF10 = 38.8, δ = 0.9) but inconclusive evidence when the stimuli were arbitrarily related (BF10 = 1.5, δ = 0.49) (See Table 1).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that manipulating training conditions does not appreciably impact the ability to identify relationships between stimuli accurately. However, training appears to increase the response time needed to identify visibly related stimuli accurately. While this is a promising theoretically-derived learning paradigm, further research is required for validation in clinical practice.