bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal experimental design for filter exchange imaging: Apparent exchange rate measurements in the healthy brain and in intracranial tumors
Authors: Lampinen Björn , Szczepankiewicz Filip , van Westen Danielle , Englund Elisabet , C Sundgren Pia , Lätt Jimmy , Ståhlberg Freddy , Nilsson Markus 
Published: February 2017

PurposeFilter exchange imaging (FEXI) is sensitive to the rate of diffusional water exchange, which depends, eg, on the cell membrane permeability. The aim was to optimize and analyze the ability of FEXI to infer differences in the apparent exchange rate (AXR) in the brain between two populations.MethodsA FEXI protocol was optimized for minimal measurement variance in the AXR. The AXR variance was investigated by test‐retest acquisitions in six brain regions in 18 healthy volunteers. Preoperative FEXI data and postoperative microphotos were obtained in six meningiomas and five astrocytomas.ResultsProtocol optimization reduced the coefficient of variation of AXR by approximately 40%. Test‐retest AXR values were heterogeneous across normal brain regions, from 0.3 ± 0.2 s−1 in the corpus callosum to 1.8 ± 0.3 s−1 in the frontal white matter. According to analysis of statistical power, in all brain regions except one, group differences of 0.3–0.5 s−1 in the AXR can be inferred using 5 to 10 subjects per group. An AXR difference of this magnitude was observed between meningiomas (0.6 ± 0.1 s−1) and astrocytomas (1.0 ± 0.3 s−1).ConclusionsWith the optimized protocol, FEXI has the ability to infer relevant differences in the AXR between two populations for small group sizes. Magn Reson Med 77:1104–1114, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Reliability and mean residual life functions of coherent systems in an active redundancy
Authors: Bayramoglu Kavlak Konul 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this article, the reliability and the mean residual life (MRL) functions of a system with active redundancies at the component and system levels are investigated. In active redundancy at the component level, the original and redundant components are working together and lifetime of the system is determined by the maximum of lifetime of the original components and their spares. In the active redundancy at the system level, the system has a spare, and the original and redundant systems work together. The lifetime of such a system is then the maximum of lifetimes of the system and its spare. The lifetimes of the original component and the spare are assumed to be dependent random variables. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 64: 19–28, 2017
Parameter estimation in a thermoelastic composite problem via adjoint formulation and model reduction
Authors: Garcia‐Cardona Cristina , Lebensohn Ricardo , Anghel Marian 
Published: February 2017

SummaryAdvances in nondestructive material characterization are providing a wealth of information that could be exploited to gain insight into general aspects of material performance and, in particular, discover relationships between microstructure and thermo‐mechanical properties in polycrystalline and other complex composite materials. In order to facilitate the integration of such measurements into existing models, as well as inform new physics‐based predictions, we developed a C++/MPI computational framework for sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation. The framework utilizes a micro‐mechanical modeling based on fast Fourier transforms, direct and adjoint formulations, and Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling techniques. We illustrate the characteristics of this framework and demonstrate its utility by computing the residual stresses arising from thermal expansion of an elastic composite and using data from simulated experiments. We show that the availability of nondestructive 3‐D measurements is crucial to reduce the uncertainty in predictions, emphasizing the importance of an integrated experimental/modeling/data analysis approach for improved material characterization and design. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal control approach for discontinuous dynamical systems
Authors: Noori Skandari M. H. , Ghaznavi M. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIn this work, we consider a wide class of discontinuous dynamical systems, discontinuity of which is based on the sign (for short sgn) function. We propose a smooth optimal control problem to solve the main discontinuous system. By solving some numerical examples in mechanical engineering, we show the efficiency of our approach with respect to 2 smoothing methods for discontinuous systems.
Beyond Power Politics: Evaluating the Policy Design Process of Rural Electrification in Gujarat, India
Authors: Chindarkar Namrata 
Published: February 2017

SummaryDrawing upon existing theories, this article argues that good policy design requires two enabling conditions—an optimal design space that balances political and technical goals, and policy capacity that includes organizational and analytical capacity to carry out the implementation. The case of Gujarat's unique ‘Jyotigram Yojana’ (JGY) is used to illustrate how the policy design process operates in the context of a particularly challenging issue of rural electrification. Our analysis suggests that the design process and implementation of JGY were as much problem‐driven as it was politically motivated. A top‐down approach favored the conception and implementation of JGY and enabled the state government of Gujarat to effectively leverage its financial, technical, and administrative capacity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐life practices for preventing venous thromboembolism in multiple myeloma patients: a cohort study from the French health insurance database
Authors: Palmaro Aurore , Rougé‐Bugat Marie‐Eve , Gauthier Martin , Despas Fabien , Moulis Guillaume , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeThe risk of venous thromboembolic event (VTE) in multiple myeloma is particularly increased. Current guidelines recommend systematic VTE prophylaxis with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) or low weight molecular heparin (LWMH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) in high‐risk patients, based on treatment received [e.g. use of IMiDs (thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide), alkylating agents or erythropoietin] and individual risk factors (e.g. history of VTE). The aim of this study was to describe strategy of VTE prophylaxis and prescribing of other antithrombotic agents during the first 6 months of multiple myeloma therapy, with stratification on IMiD‐based regimens and drug and disease‐related risk factors.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of French beneficiaries from the health insurance database (SNIIRAM, Système National d'Information Inter‐Régime de l'Assurance Maladie) was designed in the Midi‐Pyrénées area (South West France). Patients starting a treatment for multiple myeloma in the period 2011–2014 were identified through hospital and chronic disease diagnoses.ResultsAmong the 236 incident multiple myeloma patients, 56% male (n = 133), 67% >65 years (n = 159) and 47% (n = 110) patients received an IMiD‐based regimen. In these patients, 63% (n = 69) were identified as high‐risk patients with indication for low molecular weight heparin or equivalent, and 37% (n = 41) were identified as low‐risk with aspirin recommended. Among the high‐risk IMiDs patients, 43% (30/69) currently received a VTE prophylaxis after starting their first regimen: 70% LWMH (21/30), 40% VKA (12/30), 10% UFH (3/30) and 13% (4/30) other drugs (rivaroxaban and fondaparinux); 33% of the patients (23/69) received an antiplatelet drug only, and 23% (16/69) did not receive any antithrombotic drug.ConclusionsThese results revealed lack of implementation of VTE prophylaxis in one out of high‐risk multiple myeloma patients with IMiD. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical prediction on the synthesis of 2,3‐dihydropyridines through Co(III)‐catalysed reaction of unsaturated oximes with alkenes
Authors: Zhang Xiang‐Biao , Yu Bin‐Bin , Si Sheng‐Meng , Wang Song 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCobalt‐based catalysts can replace the homologous group‐9 rhodium‐based ones. Herein, we used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to predict the synthesis of 2,3‐dihydropyridines using α,β‐unsaturated oxime pivalates and alkenes catalysed by [Cp*CoOAc]+ instead of [Cp*RhOAc]+. The catalytic cycle involves reversible acetate‐assisted metalation‐deprotonation, migratory insertion of alkenes, and reductive elimination/N‐O cleavage. The migratory insertion of alkenes was determined to be the rate‐determining step, and the reaction is irreversible due to the strongly exergonic reductive elimination/NO cleavage. When using the CF3‐substituted Cp*Co(III) catalyst, the apparent activation energy indicates that the title reaction can proceed at higher temperatures. Electron‐withdrawing substituent groups on Cp* facilitate the reaction. In contrast, substituting phenyl with the electron‐deficient p‐CF3‐phenyl at the 2‐position of α,β‐unsaturated oxime pivalate hinders the reaction, and so does the use of polarized alkenes with electron‐withdrawing substituent groups
Isotopic half‐life and enrichment factor in two species of European freshwater fish larvae: an experimental approach
Authors: Latli Adrien , Sturaro Nicolas , Desjardin Nelson , Michel Loïc N. , Otjacques William , Lepoint Gilles , Kestemont Patrick 
Published: February 2017

RationaleStable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen are valuable tools for field ecologists to use to analyse animal diets. However, the application of these tools requires knowledge of the tissue enrichment factor (TEF) and half‐life (HL). We experimentally compared TEF and HL in two freshwater fish larvae. We hypothesised that chub had a better growth/tissue replacement ratio than roach, due to the use of a food closer to their natural diet.MethodsWe determined the isotopic HL, the TEF and the contribution of growth or metabolic tissue replacement to dynamic isotopic incorporation. After yolk sac resorption, larvae were fed for 5 weeks with prey similar to their natural diet (Artemia nauplii) up to the isotopic equilibrium followed by Chironomid larvae. Stable isotope measurements were carried out using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer coupled to an elemental analyser.ResultsChanges in isotopic composition strongly followed the predictions of exponential growth and time‐dependent models. The isotopic HL varied between 8.2 and 12.6 days and the TEF of nitrogen and carbon ranged from 1.7 to 3.1 ‰ and from –0.9 to 1.2 ‰, respectively. The incorporation of dietary 13C was due more to the production of new tissue (between 56 and 79%) than to the metabolic process. Chub allocated more energy to growth than roach and the Chironomidae diet contributed more to the consumers' growth than the Artemia diet.ConclusionsMetabolic rates seemed lower for chub than for roach, especially when they were fed with Chironomidae. A Chironomidae‐based diet would be more profitable to chub, and the high associated growth rate could increase the development of the fish larvae. The HL and TEF were in the range of those reported in the literature. These results will be helpful for field‐based studies, because they can help to increase the accuracy of models. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Policy Approaches For Sustainable Conservation Of Built Heritage Using Transfer Of Development Rights: International Comparison
Authors: Hou Jun , Chan Edwin H.W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe important factors for successfully implementing transfer of development rights (TDR) programs have been explored. However, these factors are not yet adequate to guide the practice directly, especially for those cities at the early stage of exploring TDR. This research aims to find out how different cities/counties put these successful factors into practice to achieve sustainable conservation of built heritage by adopting a successful TDR framework to conduct a systematic comparison of 15 cities/counties internationally. The research identifies six key factors included in most policy approaches in practice. Interviews are carried out with local experts in Hong Kong as a case study to understand how these factors can be implemented in the local context. Through coding of the interview data using NVivo, the analyses also show how these factors are interrelated to each other. The results have not only contributed to better understanding of the theory of implementing TDR in general, but also provided useful guidance for sustainable TDR practice. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
A self‐determination approach to the understanding of the impact of physical activity on depressive symptoms
Authors: Cecchini José Antonio , Fernández‐Río Javier , Méndez‐Giménez Antonio , Carriedo Alejandro , Arruza José Antonio 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe purpose was to test a new motivational sequence. It was hypothesized that more autonomous forms of motivation would predict the intensity of physical activity (PA), which in turn, would predict depressive symptoms. In order to evaluate self‐determined motivation, the Self‐Determination Index (SDI) was used. Because the reasons that can lead a person to engage in walking, moderate PA, or vigorous PA may be different, 3 independent self‐determination indexes were measured (SDIWalking, SDIModerate, and SDIVigorous). It was also measured the metabolic equivalent of task values (METs) for walking, moderate, and vigorous PA, as well as the depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 357 college students whose ages ranged from 18 to 29 years. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model. The indices of fit showed that the revised model fits the data reasonably well: S‐Bχ2(11) = 14.83, p = .190; χ2/df = 1.35; *comparative fit index = .99; *root mean square error of approximation = .03, 90% CI [.000, .068]; standardised root mean square residual = .03. It was found that vigorous PA is the only intensity that predicts depressive symptoms. In other words, SDIV‐predicted vigorous PA (measured as METSV), which subsequently predicted less depressive symptoms (SDIV → METSV → Depressive symptoms). Further research should investigate the effects of vigorous PA on depressive symptoms.
Reparatur der Autobahnbrücke über die Süderelbe nach schwerem Schiffsanprall – Nachrechnung, Planung, Ausführung, Analyse
Authors: Seipelt Dirk , Neysters Thomas , Coors Brinja , Grassl Martin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDurch den im Jahre 2014 stattgefundenen Schiffsanprall an der verkehrsbedeutenden Süderelbbrücke in Hamburg musste innerhalb kürzester Zeit eine Instandsetzungsmaßnahme geplant und umgesetzt werden. Die Wucht des Anpralls deformierte den außen liegenden Hauptträger des Stahlüberbaus in horizontaler und vertikaler Richtung so erheblich, dass neben einer Querschnittsschwächung im Untergurt in weiten Bereichen sämtliche Aussteifungselemente abrissen und somit wirkungslos waren. Eine Sperrung der Brücke war jedoch aufgrund des großen Verkehrsaufkommens nicht möglich. Mittels Nachrechnungen des Brückenüberbaus unter Berücksichtigung des vorhandenen Schadensausmaßes sowie der tatsächlichen Fahrstreifenanordnung in Kombination mit verkehrslenkenden Maßnahmen konnte eine vertretbare Verkehrsführung sowohl statisch für den Ingenieur als auch den Verkehrsteilnehmer eingerichtet werden. Unter Berücksichtigung des oben liegenden Autobahnverkehrs musste ein Instandsetzungskonzept entwickelt und umgesetzt werden, welches nur wenige und zeitlich begrenzte Vollsperrungen der Brücke beinhaltete. Dank der guten Zusammenarbeit aller Beteiligten – dem Bauherrn, der ausführenden Firma und dem Planer – ist es gelungen, durch ein innovatives, schnelles und sicheres Instandsetzungsprogramm den erheblichen Anprallschaden deutlich früher als zunächst angenommen zu beheben.
Ganzheitliche Analyse von Stahl‐ und Verbundeisenbahnbrücken
Authors: Zinke Tim , Ummenhofer Thomas , Schneider Sarah , Beck Tabea , Lenz Katrin , Neudeck Michael , Koch Eckart 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObwohl in den letzten zehn Jahren mehrere Projekte und Initia tiven in den Themengebieten der ganzheitlichen Bewertung und der Nachhaltigkeitsanalyse von Verkehrsinfrastrukturen durchgeführt wurden, hat sich national wie international bisher keine einheitliche Bewertungsbasis herausgebildet. Eine Ursache hierfür sind fehlende Vergleichswerte für Infrastrukturbauwerke und nicht vorhandene vorbilanzierte Bauprodukte, die beispielsweise im Rahmen der Eingangsdatenbereitstellung Verwendung finden können und die Grundvoraussetzung für eine praktikable Anwendung sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag macht speziell für Stahl‐ und Stahlverbundeisenbahnbrücken einen Vorschlag für einen Bewertungsrahmen und untersucht verschiedene Typen von eisenbahnspezifischen Referenzbrücken. Dabei wird auf den im ersten Teil dieser zweiteiligen Veröffentlichung vorgestellten konstruktiven Varianten und Detailuntersuchungen für Stahl‐ und Verbundeisenbahnbrücken aufgebaut und es werden Berechnungsergebnisse unter Verwendung von Ökobilanzierungen, Lebenszykluskostenrechnungen und Betriebserschwerniskostenberechnungen vorgestellt, wobei ein Schwerpunkt auf Trogbrücken mit Spannweiten von ca. 18 m gelegt wird.
Korrosionsschutztechnologie für Montageschweißstöße einer feuerverzinkten Stahlbrücke
Authors: Lebelt Peter , Gehrke Jörg 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDerzeitige Brückenbauwerke sind für eine Nutzungsdauer von 70 bis 110 Jahren [1] ausgelegt. Die für die Brückenbauwerke eingesetzten organischen Beschichtungssysteme sind jedoch in ihrer Korrosionsschutzdauer auf ca. 25 bis 35 Jahre begrenzt und benötigen mindestens eine zweimalige Ausbesserung oder Teilerneuerung während der geplanten Nutzungsdauer der Brücke. Diese notwendigen Arbeiten am Korrosionsschutzsystem verursachen Kosten, die der Brückeneigentümer teils durch Verlängern von Wartungszyklen, mit entsprechenden Folgen für die Korrosionsintensität am Stahlbau, zu vermeiden versucht. Sinnvoll ist daher der Einsatz eines Korrosionsschutzsystems mit langer Schutzdauer, das während der Nutzungsdauer des Brückenbauwerks möglichst ohne kosten‐ und zeitintensive Wartung auskommt. Nach aktuellen Forschungsergebnissen ist die Feuerverzinkung in der Lage, an Brückenbauwerken eine Schutzdauer von 100 Jahren ohne Wartung zu gewährleisten. Um die Reparatur der Feuerzinküberzüge an Montageschweißstößen und partiellen Fehlstellen (z. B. Transport‐ und Montageschäden) durch thermisches Spritzen mit Zink unabhängig vom Siliziumgehalt im Stahl korrosionsschutzgerecht anwenden zu können, erfolgte eine umfangreiche Prozess‐ und Technologieentwicklung im Rahmen zweier Forschungsvorhaben. Die Forschungsergebnisse belegen, dass Montageschweißstöße und Fehlstellen durch thermisch gespritzte Zinküberzüge gemäß DIN EN ISO 2063 [2] mit ausreichender Haftfestigkeit auf gestrahlter Stahl‐ und gesweepter Feuerzink‐Oberfläche von Baustählen im Niedrigsilizium‐, mittleren Sebisty‐ und Hochsilizium‐Bereich praxisgerecht ausgebessert und qualitätsgerechte Korrosionsschutzsysteme hergestellt werden können.
Mild orotic aciduria in UMPS heterozygotes: a metabolic finding without clinical consequences
Authors: Wortmann Saskia B. , Chen Margaret A. , Colombo Roberto , Pontoglio Alessandro , Alhaddad Bader , Botto Lorenzo D. , Yuzyuk Tatiana , Coughlin Curtis R. , Descartes Maria , Grűnewald Stephanie , Maranda Bruno , Mills Philippa B. , Pitt James , Potente Catherine , Rodenburg Richard , Kluijtmans Leo A. J. , Sampath Srirangan , Pai Emil F. , Wevers Ron A. , Tiller George E. ,   and additional individual contributors
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundElevated urinary excretion of orotic acid is associated with treatable disorders of the urea cycle and pyrimidine metabolism. Establishing the correct and timely diagnosis in a patient with orotic aciduria is key to effective treatment. Uridine monophosphate synthase is involved in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Uridine monophosphate synthase deficiency (or hereditary orotic aciduria), due to biallelic mutations in UMPS, is a rare condition presenting with megaloblastic anemia in the first months of life. If not treated with the pyrimidine precursor uridine, neutropenia, failure to thrive, growth retardation, developmental delay, and intellectual disability may ensue.Methods and resultsWe identified mild and isolated orotic aciduria in 11 unrelated individuals with diverse clinical signs and symptoms, the most common denominator being intellectual disability/developmental delay. Of note, none had blood count abnormalities, relevant hyperammonemia or altered plasma amino acid profile. All individuals were found to have heterozygous alterations in UMPS. Four of these variants were predicted to be null alleles with complete loss of function. The remaining variants were missense changes and predicted to be damaging to the normal encoded protein. Interestingly, family screening revealed heterozygous UMPS variants in combination with mild orotic aciduria in 19 clinically asymptomatic family members.ConclusionsWe therefore conclude that heterozygous UMPS‐mutations can lead to mild and isolated orotic aciduria without clinical consequence. Partial UMPS‐deficiency should be included in the differential diagnosis of mild orotic aciduria. The discovery of heterozygotes manifesting clinical symptoms such as hypotonia and developmental delay are likely due to ascertainment bias.
The block structure and the presence of oil and gas in the Siljan impact crater
Authors: Pikovsky Yu.I. , Glasko M.P. , Kutcherov V.G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Morphostructural modeling of the block structure of a part of the Scandinavian crystalline shield has shown that the ring structure of the Siljan Ring impact crater is located in the center of a morphostructural node, a ring structure with a diameter of 300 km, marking a large disjunctive tectonic knot. The crater area consists of a central block, which is a granite massif, and of a surrounding mobile morphostructural boundary forming a wide small-block ring depression zone, where oil and gas shows have been revealed within the crater. This zone is regarded as the most promising one for search for migration channels and atypical shows of hydrocarbons.
An Element of Risk: the Corrupt Contractor in Indian Fiction and Film, 1886–1983
Authors: Bubb Alexander 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFrom the 1960s to the 1990s, the corrupt building contractor was a stock-villain of Bombay cinema. He was, this article argues, emblematic of crony capitalism prior to the liberalization of the Indian economy. This filmic role was, however, foreshadowed by his depiction as cynical accomplice and profiteer of British rule in fiction of the early and mid-twentieth century. Furthermore, the figure’s ultimate origins lie in colonial literature, in which he is often identified as a threat to the British civilian community that nourished itself with the ideal of its disinterested civilizing mission. This article traces the genealogy of the contractor-as-villain in fiction and film, demonstrating a continuity of themes, and persistence of concerns, across the work of Rudyard Kipling, Flora Annie Steel, Premchand, R. K. Narayan, and Mahasweta Devi. Using historical sources to contextualize these texts, it will also suggest possible explanations for the ubiquity of contractors in the Indian economy.