bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layer-dependent semiconductor-metal transition of SnO/Si(001) heterostructure and device application
Authors: Xiao Chengcheng , Wang Fang , Wang Yao , Yang Shengyuan A. , Jiang Jianzhong , Yang Ming , Lu Yunhao , Wang Shijie , Feng Yuanping 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs the downscaling of electronic devices continues, the problems of leakage currents and heat dissipation become more and more serious. To address these issues, new materials and new structures are explored. Here, we propose an interesting heterostructure made of ultrathin SnO layers on Si(001) surface. Our first-principle calculations show that a single layer of SnO on Si(001) surface is a semiconductor, but a bilayer SnO on the same surface is metallic. This metal-semiconductor dichotomy allows construction of single-2D-material-based electronic devices with low contact resistance and low leakage currents. In particular, due to the interaction between Sn and the Si substrate, the semiconducting monolayer-SnO/Si(001) has a highly anisotropic band structure with a much lighter hole effective mass along one direction than that of Si and most other 2D materials, indicating a high carrier mobility. Furthermore, by combining density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green’s function method, we directly investigate the transport characteristics of a field effect transistor based on the proposed heterostructures, which shows very low contact resistance, negligible leakage current, and easy gate control at a compact channel length.
A PPARγ-dependent miR-424/503-CD40 axis regulates inflammation mediated angiogenesis
Authors: Lee Aram , Papangeli Irinna , Park Youngsook , Jeong Ha-neul , Choi Jihea , Kang Hyesoo , Jo Ha-neul , Kim Jongmin , Chun Hyung J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractActivation of the endothelium by pro-inflammatory stimuli plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a multitude of vascular diseases. Angiogenesis is a crucial component of the vascular response associated with inflammatory signaling. The CD40/CD40 ligand dyad in endothelial cells (EC) has a central role in promoting vascular inflammatory response; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this component of inflammation and angiogenesis is not fully understood. Here we report a novel microRNA mediated suppression of endothelial CD40 expression. We found that CD40 is closely regulated by miR-424 and miR-503, which directly target its 3′ untranslated region. Pro-inflammatory stimuli led to increased endothelial CD40 expression, at least in part due to decreased miR-424 and miR-503 expression. In addition, miR-424 and miR-503 reduced LPS induced EC sprouting, migration and tube formation. Moreover, we found that miR-424 and miR-503 expression is directly regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), whose endothelial expression and activity are decreased in response to inflammatory factors. Finally, we demonstrate that mice with endothelial-specific deletion of miR-322 (miR-424 ortholog) and miR-503 have augmented angiogenic response to LPS in a Matrigel plug assay. Overall, these studies identify a PPARγ-dependent miR-424/503-CD40 signaling axis that is critical for regulation of inflammation mediated angiogenesis.
Serum extracellular vesicle depletion processes affect release and infectivity of HIV-1 in culture
Authors: Liao Zhaohao , Muth Dillon C. , Eitan Erez , Travers Meghan , Learman Lisa N. , Lehrmann Elin , Witwer Kenneth W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in intercellular communication and affect processes including immune and antiviral responses. Blood serum, a common cell culture medium component, is replete with EVs and must be depleted prior to EV-related experiments. The extent to which depletion processes deplete non-EV particles is incompletely understood, but depleted serum is associated with reduced viability and growth in cell culture. Here, we examined whether serum depleted by two methods affected HIV-1 replication. In cell lines, including HIV-1 latency models, increased HIV-1 production was observed, along with changes in cell behavior and viability. Add-back of ultracentrifuge pellets (enriched in EVs but possibly other particles) rescued baseline HIV-1 production. Primary cells were less sensitive to serum depletion processes. Virus produced under processed serum conditions was more infectious. Finally, changes in cellular metabolism, surface markers, and gene expression, but not miRNA profiles, were associated with depleted serum culture. In conclusion, depleted serum conditions have a substantial effect on HIV-1 production and infectivity. Dependence of cell cultures on “whole serum” must be examined carefully along with other experimental variables, keeping in mind that the effects of EVs may be accompanied by or confused with those of closely associated or physically similar particles.
Structural Color Filters Enabled by a Dielectric Metasurface Incorporating Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Nanodisks
Authors: Park Chul-Soon , Shrestha Vivek Raj , Yue Wenjing , Gao Song , Lee Sang-Shin , Kim Eun-Soo , Choi Duk-Yong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIt is advantageous to construct a dielectric metasurface in silicon due to its compatibility with cost-effective, mature processes for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. However, high-quality crystalline-silicon films are difficult to grow on foreign substrates. In this work, we propose and realize highly efficient structural color filters based on a dielectric metasurface exploiting hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), known to be lossy in the visible regime. The metasurface is comprised of an array of a-Si:H nanodisks embedded in a polymer, providing a homogeneously planarized surface that is crucial for practical applications. The a-Si:H nanodisk element is deemed to individually support an electric dipole (ED) and magnetic dipole (MD) resonance via Mie scattering, thereby leading to wavelength-dependent filtering characteristics. The ED and MD can be precisely identified by observing the resonant field profiles with the assistance of finite-difference time-domain simulations. The completed color filters provide a high transmission of around 90% in the off-resonance band longer than their resonant wavelengths, exhibiting vivid subtractive colors. A wide range of colors can be facilitated by tuning the resonance by adjusting the structural parameters like the period and diameter of the a-Si:H nanodisk. The proposed devices will be actively utilized to implement color displays, imaging devices, and photorealistic color printing.
Dielectric meta-atom with tunable resonant frequency temperature coefficient
Authors: Wu Lingling , Xi Xiaoqing , Li Bo , Zhou Ji 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present a proof-of-concept of a new approach to achieving tailored resonant frequency temperature coefficients in dielectric meta-atoms. The technique involves introducing a thermally expanding or contracting material joining the active high permittivity dielectric absorbers. Both simulation and experiment show that by careful design of the element size and appropriate choice of thermomechanical intermediate layer material, increased or decreased resonant frequency shift temperature sensitivity is possible. Once the active dielectric material is chosen, and a meta-atom design determined, we show the resonant frequency shift depends on the thermal expansion coefficient of the intermediate layer. This work demonstrates the feasibility of manipulating the blue or red shift of metamaterial devices by introducing temperature responsive intermediate layers into meta-atoms.
Fetal Pathology of Neural Tube Defects – An Overview of 68 Cases
Authors: Schoner Katharina , Axt-Fliedner Roland , Bald Rainer , Fritz Barbara , Kohlhase Juergen , Kohl Thomas , Rehder Helga 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of neural tube defects worldwide is 1 – 2 per 1000 neonates. Neural tube defects result from a disturbance of neurulation in the 3rd or 4th week of development and thus represent the earliest manifestation of organ malformation. Neural tube defects (NTD) are classified into cranial dysraphism leading to anencephaly or meningoencephalocele and spinal dysraphism with or without meningomyelocele. In isolated form they have multifactorial causes, and the empirical risk of recurrence in Central Europe is 2%. As associated malformations they tend to occur sporadically, and in monogenic syndromes they follow Mendelian inheritance patterns with a high risk of recurrence.
Patients Autopsies were performed on 68 fetuses following a prenatal diagnosis of NTD and induced abortion.
Results The incidence of NTDs in our autopsied fetuses was 8% and 11% in fetuses with malformations. The percentage of fetuses with anencephaly, encephalocele or spina bifida was 24, 18, and 60%*, respectively. Analysis of the sex distribution showed a female preponderance in cranial dysraphisms but the sex distribution of spina bifida cases was equal. The extent and localization of NTDs varied, with lumbosacral cases clearly predominating. The proportion of isolated, associated and syndromic neural tube defects was 56, 23.5 and 20.6% respectively. In the majority of syndromes, the neural tube defect represented a not previously observed syndromic feature.
Conclusion The high proportion of NTDs with monogenic background underlines the importance of a syndrome oriented fetal pathology. At the very least it requires a thourough photographic and radiographic documentation of the fetal phenotype to enable the genetic counsellor to identify a syndromic disorder. This is necessary to determine the risk of recurrence, arrange confirming mutation analyses and offer targeted prenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancies.
Traditional Gymnastic Exercises for the Pelvic Floor Often Lead to Bladder Neck Descent – a Study Using Perineal Ultrasound
Authors: Baeßler Kaven , Junginger Bärbel 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background The aims of physiotherapy in stress incontinent women are to improve pelvic floor function and the continence mechanism including bladder neck support and urethral closure pressure. In Germany, traditional conservative treatment often includes gymnastic exercises with unclear effects on the bladder neck. The aim of this study was to sonographically assess bladder neck movements during selected exercises.
Methods Fifteen healthy, continent women without previous vaginal births, who were able to voluntarily contract their pelvic floor muscels performed the shoulder bridge, the abdominal press, tiptoe and the Pilates clam exercises. The first set was performed without any additional instructions. During the second set directions were given to activate the pelvic floor before beginning each exercise and to maintain the contraction throughout the exercise. Bladder neck movement was measured on perineal ultrasound using a validated method with the pubic symphysis as a reference point.
Results The median age of participants was 32 years, median BMI was 23. Eight women were nulliparous and seven had given birth to 1 – 2 children via caesarean section. When exercises were performed without voluntary pelvic floor contraction the bladder neck descended on average between 2.3 and 4.4 mm, and with pelvic floor contraction prior to the exercise only between 0.5 and 2.1 mm (p > 0.05 except for abdominal press p = 0.007). The Pilates clam exercise and toe stand stabilised the bladder neck most effectively.
Discussion Bladder neck descent often occurs during pelvic floor gymnastic exercises as traditionally performed in Germany, and a voluntary pelvic floor contraction during the exercises does not necessarily prevent this.
Rates and Routes of Hysterectomy for Benign Indications in Austria 2002 – 2014
Authors: Edler Katharina , Tamussino Karl , Fülöp Gerhard , Reinstadler Evi , Neunteufel Walter , Reif Philipp , Laky Rene , Aigmüller Thomas 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Introduction Rates and routes of hysterectomy have implications for quality, costs and training. This study analyzed rates of benign hysterectomy and surgical approaches for benign hysterectomy in Austria from 2002 to 2014.
Material and Methods This was a population-based retrospective observational study of coding data from all acute care hospitals (public and private) in Austria. Main outcome measures were numbers of women undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications in Austria per year and the route of hysterectomy for benign indications.
Results The number of benign hysterectomies performed per year declined from 10 675 in 2002 to 7747 in 2014, a decline of 27%. The use of vaginal hysterectomy was stable (53% and 47%, respectively). Use of laparoscopic techniques increased (5% in 2002, 32% in 2014) whereas use of abdominal hysterectomy decreased (41% and 20%, respectively).
Conclusions Numbers of benign hysterectomies performed per year in Austria declined substantially between 2002 and 2014. Use of vaginal hysterectomy was stable at about 50%, whereas increased use of laparoscopic techniques was associated with lower rates of open hysterectomy.
Physical Exercise During Pregnancy – How Active Are Pregnant Women in Germany and How Well Informed?
Authors: Schmidt Thorsten , Heilmann Thorsten , Savelsberg Luisa , Maass Nicolai , Weisser Burkhard , Eckmann-Scholz Christel 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Introduction There is sufficient evidence showing the positive effects of physical exercise on various aspects of pregnancy. This study evaluates knowledge and status of physical exercise among pregnant women.
Methods The standardised paper-pencil questionnaire “Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire” (PPAQ) as well as general demographic questions were used to assess the exercise behaviour of study participants. 83 questionnaires completed by women presenting to the Kiel University Hospital for antenatal assessment were included in the analysis.
Results At the time of questionnaire completion 10 women were in the first trimester of pregnancy, 64 in the second, and 9 in the third. Just less than 90% of participants felt they had been informed “sufficiently” on the topic physical exercise during pregnancy, over 50% felt they were “well” or “very well” informed. Just less than half of participants received their information from a doctor (either their gynaecologist or general practitioner) and none of these felt “insufficiently” informed. Almost 80% of participants reported still doing no sport or less exercise than before falling pregnant. The maximum proportional energy expenditure for recreational activity – just under 20% – was in the third trimester. Women who felt they had been well counselled tended to have higher activity levels.
Conclusion Study participants demonstrated a clear decline in physical exercise during pregnancy despite clear evidence of the benefits of regular exercise for pregnant women, and despite participants feeling they were well informed. Detailed information on the recommendations for physical exertion in pregnancy should form an integral part of antenatal counselling.
Die Entwicklung Sozialer Innovationen in der Gesundheitsversorgung und die Rolle von Wissenschaft und Forschung
Authors: Richter Stefanie 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge des demografischen, epidemiologischen und gesellschaftlichen Wandels entstehen zahlreiche Herausforderungen für die Gesundheitsversorgung und –förderung der Bevölkerung. Es werden innovative Lösungsansätze gesucht. Im Fokus der theoretischen Arbeit steht die Auseinandersetzung mit der Entwicklung sozialer Innovationen und der Rolle von Wissenschaft und Forschung bei der Lösung gesellschaftlicher Probleme. Zunächst wird ein an Technologien orientiertes Innovationsverständnis um das von sozialen Innovationen erweitert. Es werden 2 Wege zur Förderung sozialer Innovationen diskutiert: die systematische Entdeckung und Weiterentwicklung von Lösungsansätzen im Praxisfeld sowie die ko-produktive Entwicklung im Sinne transdisziplinärer Forschung. Deutlich wird, dass ein kooperativer und ko-produktiver Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprozess neue Anforderungen für die Wissenschaftspraxis bringen kann und somit die Diskussion über die Gestaltung und Rahmenbedingungen transdisziplinärer Forschung und Entwicklung in der Gesundheits(versorgungs)forschung zu stärken wäre.
Efficacy of self-expandable metal stents in management of benign biliary strictures and comparison with multiple plastic stents: a meta-analysis
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Baron Todd , Kamal Faisal , Ali Bilal , Nollan Richard , Ismail Mohammad , Tombazzi Claudio , Artifon Everson , Repici Alessandro , Khashab Mouen 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims There is burgeoning interest in the utilization of covered self-expandable metal stents (CSEMSs) for managing benign biliary stricture (BBS). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated cumulative stricture resolution and recurrence rates using CSEMSs and compared performance of CSEMSs and multiple plastic stents (MPS) in BBS management.
Method Searches in several databases identified studies including ≥ 10 patients that utilized CSEMSs for BBS treatment. Weighted pooled rates were calculated for stricture resolution and recurrence. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) comparing CSEMSs with MPS were calculated for stricture resolution, stricture recurrence, and adverse events. Pooled difference in means was calculated to compare number of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs) in each group.
Results The meta-analysis included 22 studies with 1298 patients. Weighted pooled rate for BBS resolution with CSEMS was 83 % (95 % confidence limits [95 %CLs] 78 %, 87 %; I
2 = 72 %). On meta-regression analysis, resolution in chronic pancreatitis patients and post-orthotopic liver transplant patients were significant predictors of heterogeneity. Weighted pooled rate for stricture recurrence with CSEMSs was 16 % (11 %, 22 %). Overall rate of adverse events requiring intervention and/or hospitalization was 15 %. Four randomized controlled trials with 213 patients compared CSEMSs with MPS: the pooled RRs for stricture resolution, recurrence, and adverse events were 1.07 (0.97, 1.18), 0.88 (0.48, 1.63), and 1.16 (0.71, 1.88), respectively with no heterogeneity. Pooled difference in means for number of ERCPs was – 1.71 ( – 2.33, – 1.09) in favor of CSEMS.
Conclusions CSEMSs appear to have excellent efficacy in BBS management. They are as effective as MPS but require fewer ERCPs to achieve clinical success.
Physicochemical code for quinary protein interactions inEscherichia coli
Authors: Mu Xin , Choi Seongil , Lang Lisa , Mowray David , Dokholyan Nikolay V. , Danielsson Jens , Oliveberg Mikael 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceThis study shows that the diffusive motions of proteins in live cells are by no means without control but follow simplistic physical−chemical rules that can be quantified and optimized through surface composition. Most strikingly, human proteins are observed to stick to the “foreign” environment of bacterial cells, whereas the bacterial analogue moves around freely. Even so, the human proteins can predictably be transformed to bacterial behavior with a few structurally benign surface mutations, and, conversely, the bacterial protein can be made to stick. The findings have not only fundamental implications for how protein function is controlled at the physical−chemical level but can also be used to adjust protein motion inEscherichia coliat will.
Discovery of a widespread metabolic pathway within and among phenolic xenobiotics
Authors: Ashrap Pahriya , Zheng Guomao , Wan Yi , Li Tong , Hu Wenxin , Li Wenjuan , Zhang Hong , Zhang Zhaobin , Hu Jianying 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Organisms are exposed to a wide range of xenobiotics in the environment. Generally, metabolism of individual xenobiotics to water-soluble compounds is a primary defense against these compounds. In this study, we discovered that phenolic xenobiotics undergo a metabolic pathway to form lipophilic ester compounds, and the pathway occurred within and among different compounds in organisms. The pathway provided a mechanism for cross-talk reactions among different pollutants to form groups of unknown compounds during metabolic processes in organisms.
The emergence ofso-complementation in Chinese Pidgin English
Authors: Li Michelle 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSentential complementation is generally unmarked in Chinese Pidgin English (ChnP). However, around the middle of the 19th century, the wordsobegan to be used as a complementizer. This paper focuses on the origins ofsoas a complementizer in ChnP. An examination ofsoand another closely related expressionso fashion(‘so, like this’) shows that their meanings and functions can largely be attributed to the corresponding expressions in the source languages, namely Cantonesegam2(‘so, like this’) and Englishsoin its anaphoric function. As Cantonesegam2and Englishsoare not complementizers, it is hypothesized thatso-complementation is the result of reanalysis by which the anaphoricsois reinterpreted as a complementizer. It is further argued that the emergence ofso-complementation is facilitated by a common grammaticalization pathway whereby deictic expressions acquire grammatical functions such as that of complementizer.
Towards a model of language contact and change in the English-lexifier creoles of Africa and the Caribbean
Authors: Yakpo Kofi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Afro-Caribbean English-lexifier Creoles (AECs) exhibit fascinating combinations of disparate typological characteristics. I present a model of post-formative (“post-creolization”) contact and change and provide a comprehensive inventory of contact constellations in Africa and the Caribbean. I conduct a comparative analysis of causative constructions in seven African and Caribbean AECs, argue for the notional separation of the traditional creolist terms “superstrate”, “lexifier”, “substrate” and “adstrate”, and account for the linguistic-structural relevance of these distinctions. The model can explain the typological diversity within and across the AECs, help elucidate their genealogical and areal differentiation, and contribute to our understanding of the processes and outcomes of language contact and change in multilingual ecologies.
Third person present tense markers in some varieties of English
Authors: Calle-Martín Javier , Romero-Barranco Jesús 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn British Standard English, number in the verb phrase is exclusively characterized by the use of the -sinflection with the third person singular present tense. World Englishes present a high level of variation as the uninflected third person singular and the inflected third person plural may also occur in these contexts. This paper pursues four objectives: a) to analyse the use of present third person inflections and compare their distribution in different varieties of English; b) to assess the occurrence of forms across speech and writing, text categories and the informants’ age and gender; c) to classify the instances by type of subject (nominal vs. pronominal); and d) to evaluate the impact of proximity agreement, notional agreement and the existence of intervening elements in the choice of the inflection. Our evidence comes from the New Zealand, Indian, Singaporean and Hong Kong components of the International Corpus of English.