bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smartphone Applications - Idea sourcing, and app development: Implications for firms
Authors: Vigar-Ellis Debbie , Bredican John 
Published: June 2017

With the dramatic increase in smartphone usage and the consequent increase in applications (apps) for these smartphones, organisations are constantly looking for new apps to offer customers as well as employees. Information Systems (IS) departments of organisations have traditionally been tasked with the acquisition and/or development of such information technologies within organisations. This research aimed to determine from IS managers, the smartphone app usage in firms, the sources of app ideas and the locations for app development. It also investigated various aspects of the success or otherwise of the development process. Results indicate that while most ideas for apps currently come from IS and marketing departments within the organisation, and development of apps is also done mainly within the organisation , these development strategies are not necessarily the most effective. Managerial implications are discussed.
African entrepreneurs: An analysis of their motivation for starting their own business
Authors: Mitchell BC 
Published: June 2017

This study analyses the motivation of entrepreneurs for starting a business. More specifically, it aims to identify whether entrepreneurs have common motives for starting their own business, and whether men and women have different reasons for becoming entrepreneurs. A motivation scale and openended questions were used to measure motivation on a sample of more than 100 entrepreneurs. The results of a factor analysis indicate that entrepreneurs have various reasons for starting a business, and are primarily motivated by the needs for independence, material incentives and achievement.
Resident perceptions of mixed-use development in Hout Bay, Cape Town
Authors: Scheepers MJ , Bloom JZ 
Published: June 2017

Urban renewal and development is an important strategy in the South African government's plans to combat poverty and transform the country's economy. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of residents (the local commununity) towards a mixed-use development in Hout Bay, Cape Town. An exploratory factor analysis was used to reduce 13 usable variables to four factors, labelled as macro-, micro-, location specific- and infrastructure and superstructure factors. The findings based on the four factors suggest that significant differences exist in the perceptions of development between different socio-economic groups within the community. Regardless of the socio-economic background of residents, they agreed that development should blend in with existing architecture and the character of the area.
Orexin - does it have a role in mental illness?
Authors: Moosa M Y H , Jeenah F Y 
Published: June 2017

Orexin-A and Orexin-B (also known as hypocretin 1 and 2) are, respectively, 33- and 28-amino acid residue peptides that activate a G-protein-coupled ‘orphan’ receptor, i.e. which has no known ligand. Immuno-cytochemical studies show that orexin-positive neurons are located in the lateral hypothalamic area and arcuate and perifornical nuclei. They are also found in various sites beyond the hypothalamus such as the thalamic paraventricular and reuniens nuclei, locus coeruleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, raphe and septal nuclei. The hypothalamus has a major role in regulating various behaviours that contribute to homeostasis (such as arousal, feeding, and thermoregulation) by integrating external and internal stimuli. It is involved in the regulation of nutritional status via the co-ordination of many neurotransmitter systems implicated in food intake and energy expenditure. The hypothalamic orexin system directly and strongly innervates and potently excites noradrenergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, histaminergic and cholinergic neurons. Orexin also has a major role in modulating the release of glutamate and other amino acid transmitters. This widespread distribution and effect of orexin on multiple neurotransmitters suggests that it may be implicated in functions other than feeding, viz. other vegetative and neuroendocrine regulations or those related to general arousal states.
Exploring the role of Islam in perceptions of mental illness in a sample of Muslim psychiatrists based in Johannesburg
Authors: Bulbulia T , Laher S 
Published: June 2017

<div class="column"><p><span><strong>Background</strong>. </span><span>Western definitions of, and approaches to, mental illness have been critiqued for their lack of incorporation of cultural and spiritual elements.</span></p><p><span><br /> </span><strong>Objective. </strong><span>To explore perceptions of mental illness, particularly in terms of the role of Islam in the understanding of mental illness among South African Muslim psychiatrists practising in Johannesburg. </span></p><p><span><strong>Methods</strong>. </span><span>Using a qualitative design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 7 Muslim psychiatrists in the Johannesburg area. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the transcribed data.<br /> </span></p><p><strong>Results. </strong><span>Psychiatrists subscribe to a more biomedical model of illness. The findings of this study also suggest that psychiatrists attempt to remain objective and to refrain from imposing their religious and cultural beliefs on their patients. However, their conceptualisation of mental illness is influenced by their religion and culture. Furthermore, all participating psychiatrists indicated that they always draw on Islamic values when treating their patients. Issues of cultural competence were also highlighted. Psychiatrists indicated that they were open to collaboration with traditional healers and psychologists but that this was quite challenging. </span></p><p><span><strong>Conclusion</strong>. </span><span>The necessity for formal bodies to develop routes for collaboration between healthcare professionals and traditional healers was brought to the fore. So, too, was the need to incorporate indigenous theory and knowledge into mainstream definitions and approaches to mental illness. </span></p></div>
Quality of life among dually diagnosed and non-substance-using male schizophrenia outpatients
Authors: Aras Hatice Imer , Yazar Menekşe Sıla , Altınbaş Kürşat 
Published: June 2017

<div class="column"><p><strong>Objective. </strong><span>To assess the quality of life (QoL) in an outpatient setting among male patients dually diagnosed with schizophrenia and substance use disorder (SUD), and non-substance-using male schizophrenia patients.<br /> </span></p><p><strong>Methods. </strong><span>The study was conducted in an outpatient setting with 52 male schizophrenia patients and 49 male schizophrenia patients with SUD comorbidity, who were admitted to Bakirköy Research and Training Hospital between 1 May 2010 and 30 September 2010. The patients had been in remission for a minimum of 6 months. The subjects were re-evaluated for the persistence of the diagnosis by using the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (SCID I) socio-demographic data form, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) and positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) were administered to detect the factors affecting diagnostic stability and clinical course. </span></p><p><strong>Results. </strong><span>Schizophrenia patients with no SUD comorbidity had a significantly earlier age of disease onset than the comorbid group. SUD comorbidity in schizophrenia patients leads to increased rates of unemployment and homicidality. WHOQOL-Bref psychological health scores were significantly lower among patients in the comorbidity group. No statistically significant difference was identified between the groups with regard to the PANSS scores. </span></p><p><span><strong>Conclusions</strong>. </span><span>It is necessary to focus on the treatment challenges for schizophrenia patients with SUD comorbidity, such as the provision of treatment in criminal justice settings, in which a high proportion of such patients are found. </span></p></div>
Association between PNPLA8 gene polymorphism and schizophrenia in male patients
Authors: Yu Qiong , Yu Yaqin , Shi Jieping , Sang Hong 
Published: June 2017

<p>Abnormal phospholipid metabolism in the brain plays an important role in neuropsychiatric diseases. Phospholipase A2 is crucial for maintaining normal neuro-physiological function. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms of the membrane-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 gamma (PNPLA8) gene and schizophrenia in Han Chinese in north China. The PCR-based ligase detection reaction was applied to detect 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PNPLA8 gene among 201 Chinese pedigrees. The genotypic frequency of the PNPLA8 polymorphisms did not deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium both in affected offspring and parental groups. Haploid relative risk (HRR) and transmission disequilibrium tests (TDT) showed that the 3 SNPs were not associated with schizophrenia (<em>p</em>&gt;0.05), but further analysis with TDT showed that the rs40876 polymorphism was associated with schizophrenia in males (<em>χ<sup>2</sup></em>=4.667, <em>p</em>=0.031). Our data suggest that rs40876 in PNPLA8 may be associated with schizophrenia in males.</p><div> </div>
Features of residency training and psychological distress among residents in a Nigerian teaching hospital
Authors: Esan Oluyomi , Adeoye Adewunmi , Onakoya Paul , Opeodu Olarewalu , Owonikoko Kola , Ogunlana Dare , Bello Mojisola , Adeyemo Akin , Onigbogi Lanre , Idowu Olusola , Akute Tolulope 
Published: June 2017

<p><strong>Background.</strong> Resident doctors at University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria, made a series of complaints about inadequate con­sultant supervision, lack of structure in the training programme and excessive workload. These complaints led to an evaluation of residency training. </p><p><strong>Objective. </strong>To investigate perceptions of the residency training programme and levels of psychological distress among residents.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> All 250 resident doctors at UCH were invited to complete questionnaires about their residency training and general health as part of a cross-sectional study. Data were analysed using SPSS 16. </p><p><strong>Results.</strong> A total of 128 residents (51.2%) responded to the questionnaire. Of the respondents, 72% rated their consultant supervision as good and 82.6% rated support from nurses as good; 61.8% had &lt;5 hours of formal educational activities and 65.1% had &lt;5 hours of research or private study per week. There was evidence of psychological distress in 48.4% of the respondents, and there was a significant association between psychological distress and the intensity of work (<em>p</em>&lt;0.01). </p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The residency training programme at UCH appears to prioritise service provision over research and education activities. Residents who report high workloads also have high levels of psychological distress. Tackling these issues could improve overall satisfaction with residency training and reduce complaints. </p><div> </div>
Referral and collaboration between South African psychiatrists and religious or spiritual advisers: Views from some psychiatrists
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Albert Bernard-Repsold , Poggenpoel Marie , Szabo Christopher Paul , Myburgh Chris P H 
Published: June 2017

<p><strong>Background. </strong>Referral between psychiatrists and spiritual workers (e.g. Christian pastoral care workers, traditional healers, imams, rabbis and others) in the heterogeneous South African (SA) society is complicated and requires investigation to establish appropriate norms. </p><p><strong>Objective. </strong>To capture the views of some local psychiatrists on referral and collaboration between SA psychiatrists and religious or spiritual advisers. </p><p><strong>Methods. </strong>This explorative qualitative study involved indepth, semistructured interviews with 13 local academic psychiatrists selected through purposive sampling. Each participant had a single interview with the aim of exploring themes related to the referral and collabora­tion process between psychiatrists and spiritual advisers. Theme content analysis of interview transcripts was done. Results for one of the six identified themes are reported; other results are reported elsewhere. </p><p><strong>Results. </strong>Within the theme ‘referral and collaboration between psychiatrists and spiritual professionals’, three subthemes were identified: facilitating appropriate referral and intervention for individual users; information sharing and mutual awareness between disciplines; and addressing stigmatisation of users with psychiatric conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion. </strong>Dialogue between psychiatrists and religious or spiritual advisers should be developed on an individual practitioner and facility basis, as well as on an organised basis between representative societies. The process of formalising a relationship between local psychiatrists and different spiritual workers may, however, still have some way to go.</p>
Where there is no psychiatrist: A mental health programme in Sierra Leone
Authors: Alonso Pino , Price Brian , Conteh Abdul R , Valle Carmen , Turay Patrick E , Paton Lourdes , Turay Joseph A 
Published: June 2017

<p><strong>Background.</strong> For most low- and middle-income countries, mental health remains a neglected area, despite the recognised burden associated with neuropsychiatric conditions and the inextricable link to other public health priorities.</p><p><strong>Objectives.</strong> To describe the results of a free outpatient mental health programme delivered by non-specialist health workers in Makeni, Sierra Leone between July 2008 and May 2012. </p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> A nurse and two counsellors completed an 8-week training course focused on the identification and management of seven priority conditions: psychosis, bipolar disorder, depression, mental disorders due to medical conditions, developmental and behavioural disorders, alcohol and drug use disorders, and dementia. The World Health Organization recommendations on basic mental healthcare packages were followed to establish treatment for each condition. </p><p><strong>Results.</strong> A total of 549 patients was assessed and diagnosed as suffering from psychotic disorders (<em>n</em>=295, 53.7%), manic episodes (<em>n</em>=69, 12.5%), depressive episodes (<em>n</em>=53, 9.6%), drug use disorders (<em>n</em>=182, 33.1%), dementia (<em>n</em>=30, 5.4%), mental disorders due to medical conditions (<em>n</em>=39, 7.1%), and developmental disorders (<em>n</em>=46, 8.3%). Of these, 417 patients received pharmacological therapy and 70.7% were rated as much or very much improved. Of those who could not be offered medication, 93.4% dropped out of the programme after the first visit. </p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> The identification and treatment of mental disorders must be considered an urgent public health priority in low- and middle-income countries. Trained primary health workers can deliver safe and effective treatment for mental disorders as a feasible alternative to ease the scarcity of mental health specialists in developing countries.</p>
Outcomes of adult heroin users v. abstinent users four years after presenting for heroin detoxification treatment
Authors: Khan Zureida , Cloete Karen Jacqueline , Harvey Justin , Weich Lize 
Published: June 2017

<p><strong>Background. </strong>There are no studies in South Africa (SA) on the outcomes following detoxification and psychosocial rehabilitation of heroin-dependent patients.</p><p><strong>Objective. </strong>To compare the demographic, clinical, forensic and treatment data of active heroin users v. users who were abstinent at the time of interview 4 years after attending the Opioid Detoxification Unit at Stikland Hospital in the Western Cape Province, SA. </p><p><strong>Method.</strong> Participants included patients above the age of 16 years who had been admitted to the Opioid Detoxification Unit at Stikland Hospital for heroin detoxification between July 2006 and June 2007. Participants were individually interviewed (either in person or tele­phonically) using a structured self-report questionnaire to collect demographic, clinical, forensic and treatment data 4 years following heroin detoxification treatment at this unit. </p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Of the participants, 60% were abstinent and a large portion (34%) attributed this to social support. Furthermore, there was a significant (<em>p</em>=0.04) difference in the longest period of abstinence between the past user group and active users, with more participants in the past user group being abstinent for 18 months or longer (<em>n</em>=24, 57%) than in the active users group (<em>n</em>=8, 29%). Active users (<em>n</em>=18, 64%) had significantly (<em>p</em>=0.03) more legal problems than abstinent users (<em>n</em>=14, 33%). Most participants (<em>n</em>=38, 54%) relapsed within 3 months after index detoxification and rehabilitation.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> Active users had more legal problems than abstinent users, with social support structures playing a pivotal role in abstinence. Future research should assess the impact of interventions such as post-discharge social support programmes on criminality and heroin use in those that relapse following treatment.</p>
Positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia as correlates of help-seeking behaviour and the duration of untreated psychosis in south-east Nigeria
Authors: Odinka Paul Chigozie , Ndukuba A C , Muomah R C , Oche M , Osika M U , Bakare M O , Agomoh A O , Uwakwe R 
Published: June 2017

<p><strong>Background.</strong> Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been widely recognised in recent years as a potentially important predictor of illness outcome, and the manifestations of schizophrenia have been known to influence its early recognition as a mental illness. </p><p><strong>Objective.</strong> To assess the association between the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, help-seeking and DUP. </p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> We performed a cross-sectional study of 360 patients with schizophrenia, who had had no previous contact with Western mental health services. The Sociodemographic Questionnaire, World Health Organization Pathway Encounter Form and a questionnaire to establish DUP were used. The positive and negative syndrome scale and Composite International Diagnostic Interview were used for the assessment of mental disorders and to diagnose.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Respondents who had predominant positive symptoms and who had a median DUP of 8 weeks or 24 weeks, tended to use psychiatric hospitals and other Western medical facilities, respectively, as their first treatment options. However, those who had predominant negative symptoms and who had a median DUP of 144 weeks or 310 weeks, tended to use faith healers and traditional healers, respectively, as first treatment options.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The predominance of negative symptoms could militate against early presentation among people with schizophrenia, probably because negative symptoms are poorly recognised as indicating mental illness in Nigeria, as they could be interpreted as deviant behaviour or spiritual problems that would require spiritual solutions.</p>
Sensitivity and specificity of neuropsychological tests for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in a sample of residential elderly in South Africa
Authors: Ramlall Suvira , Chipps Jennifer , Bhigjee Ahmed I , Pillay Basil J 
Published: June 2017

<p><strong>Background. </strong>Neuropsychological tests can successfully distinguish between healthy elderly persons and those with clinically significant cognitive impairment. </p><p><strong>Objectives. </strong>A battery of neuropsychological tests was evaluated for their discrimination validity of cognitive impairment in a group of elderly persons in Durban, South Africa. </p><p><strong>Method. </strong>A sample of 117 English-speaking participants of different race groups (9 with dementia, 30 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 78 controls) from a group of residential homes for the elderly was administered a battery of 11 neuropsychological tests. Kruskal-Wallis independent sample tests were used to compare performance of tests in the groups. Sensitivity and specificity of the tests for dementia and MCI were determined using random operating curve (ROC) analysis. </p><p><strong>Results. </strong>Most tests were able to discriminate between participants with dementia or MCI, and controls (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05). Area under the curve (AUC) values for dementia v. non-dementia participants ranged from 0.519 for the digit span (forward) to 0.828 for the digit symbol (90 s), with 14 of the 29 test scores achieving significance (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05). AUC values for MCI participants ranged from 0.754 for controlled oral word association test (COWAT) Animal to 0.507 for the Rey complex figure test copy, with 17 of the 29 scores achieving significance (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05). </p><p><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Several measures from the neuropsychological battery had discrimination validity for the differential diagnosis of cognitive disturbances in the elderly. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of culture and language on the appropriateness of the tests for different populations.</p>
Dry particle generation with a 3-D printed fluidized bed generator
Authors: Roesch Michael , Roesch Carolin , Cziczo Daniel J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Here we describe the design and testing of PRIZE (PRinted fluidIZed bed gEnerator), a compact fluidized bed aerosol generator manufactured using stereolithography (SLA) printing. Dispersing small quantities of powdered materials – due to either rarity or expense – is challenging due to a lack of small, low-cost dry aerosol generators. With this as motivation, we designed and built a generator that uses a mineral dust or other dry powder sample mixed with bronze beads that sit atop a porous screen. A particle-free airflow is introduced, dispersing the sample as airborne particles. Total particle number concentrations and size distributions were measured during different stages of the assembling process to show that the SLA 3-D printed generator did not generate particles until the mineral dust sample was introduced. Time-series measurements with Arizona Test Dust (ATD) showed stable total particle number concentrations of 10–150 cm−3, depending on the sample mass, from the sub- to super-micrometer size range. Additional tests with collected soil dust samples are also presented. PRIZE is simple to assemble, easy to clean, inexpensive and deployable for laboratory and field studies that require dry particle generation.
Vibration analysis of single-walled carbon nanotubes using wave propagation approach
Authors: Hussain Muzamal , Naeem Muhammad Nawaz 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In this paper, influence of boundary conditions on free vibrations of single- walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is examined. The Flügge's shell dynamical equations are utilized for governing vibrations for carbon nanotubes. The wave propagation approach (WPA) is engaged to determine vibration frequency equation in standard eigenvalue form. The axial modal dependence is measured by the complex exponential functions implicating the axial modal numbers. These numbers are associated with boundary conditions specified at edges of a carbon nanotube. Computer programming is performed to obtain solutions of vibration frequency equation. In our new investigation, the vibration frequency spectra are obtained and analyzed for various physical parameters e.g., length and thickness-to-radius ratio. A number of results are presented to influence of different boundary conditions on SWCNTs. They are shown graphically and have been compared with those available in the literature.