bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of a Clinical Peer Review Tool
Authors: Lundeen John D. , Warr Rebecca J. , Cortes Cynthia G. , Wallis Frankie , Coleman Jennifer J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Faculty evaluation for the purpose of promotion and tenure frequently includes peer review as a part of the process. Faculty review by a peer may provide an assessment of teaching effectiveness and information related to the faculty member’s professional development activities. This article presents an innovative, evidence-based approach using selected National League for Nursing core competencies and International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning clinical simulation standards in the development of a faculty peer review tool to gather data on clinical teaching to be used during the promotion and tenure process.
Clinicians’ ability, motivation, and opportunity to acquire and transfer knowledge: An age-driven perspective
Authors: Profili Silvia , Sammarra Alessia , Dandi Roberto , Mascia Daniele 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Many countries are seeing a dramatic increase in the average age of their clinicians. The literature often highlights the challenges of high replacement costs and the need for strategies to retain older personnel. Less discussed are the potential pitfalls of knowledge acquisition and transfer that accompany this aging issue.

Purpose:
We propose a conceptual framework for understanding how clinicians' age interact with ability, motivation, and opportunity to predict clinical knowledge transfer and acquisition in health care organizations.

Approach:
This study integrates life-span development perspectives with the ability–motivation–opportunity framework to develop a number of testable propositions on the interaction between age and clinicians’ ability, motivation, and opportunity to acquire and transfer clinical knowledge.

Results:
We posit that the interaction between ability (the knowledge and skills to acquire knowledge), motivation (the willingness to acquire and transfer knowledge), and opportunity (resources required for acquiring and transferring knowledge) is a determinant of successful knowledge management. We also suggest that clinicians' age—and more specifically, the cognitive and motivational changes that accompany aging—moderates these relationships.

Conclusion:
This study contributes to existing research by offering a set of testable propositions for future research. These propositions will hopefully encourage empirical research into this important topic and lead to guidelines for reducing the risks of organizational knowledge loss due to aging.

Practice Implications:
We suggest several ways that health care organizations can tailor managerial practices in order to help capitalize on the knowledge-based resources held by their younger and older clinicians. Such initiatives may affect employees’ ability (e.g., by providing specific training programs), motivation (e.g., by expanding subjective perceptions of future time at work), and opportunities (e.g., by providing mentoring, reverse mentoring, and coaching programs) to acquire and transfer knowledge.
The Application of Observational Practice and Educational Networking in Simulation-Based and Distributed Medical Education Contexts
Authors: Welsher Arthur , Rojas David , Khan Zain , VanderBeek Laura , Kapralos Bill , Grierson Lawrence E.M. 
Published: November 2017

Introduction
Research has revealed that individuals can improve technical skill performance by viewing demonstrations modeled by either expert or novice performers. These findings support the development of video-based observational practice communities that augment simulation-based skill education and connect geographically distributed learners. This study explores the experimental replicability of the observational learning effect when demonstrations are sampled from a community of distributed learners and serves as a context for understanding learner experiences within this type of training protocol.

Methods
Participants from 3 distributed medical campuses engaged in a simulation-based learning study of the elliptical excision in which they completed a video-recorded performance before being assigned to 1 of 3 groups for a 2-week observational practice intervention. One group observed expert demonstrations, another observed novice demonstrations, and the third observed a combination of both. Participants returned for posttesting immediately and 1 month after the intervention. Participants also engaged in interviews regarding their perceptions of the usability and relevance of video-based observational practice to clinical education.

Results
Checklist (P < 0.0001) and global rating (P < 0.0001) measures indicate that participants, regardless of group assignment, improved after the intervention and after a 1-month retention period. Analyses revealed no significant differences between groups. Qualitative analyses indicate that participants perceived the observational practice platform to be usable, relevant, and potentially improved with enhanced feedback delivery.

Conclusions
Video-based observational practice involving expert and/or novice demonstrations enhances simulation-based skill learning in a group of geographically distributed trainees. These findings support the use of Internet-mediated observational learning communities in distributed and simulation-based medical education contexts.
Nystagmus
Authors: Tarnutzer Alexander A. , Straumann Dominik 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
The clinical and laboratory assessment of nystagmus in patients with neurologic disorders can provide crucial elements for a state-of-the-art differential diagnosis. An increasing number of publications in the fields of neuro-otology and neuro-ophthalmology have nystagmus in the center of interest, which makes frequent updates on the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of these contributions indispensable. This review covers important clinical studies and studies in basic research relevant for the neurologist published from January 2016 to August 2017.

Recent findings
Current themes include vestibular nystagmus, positional nystagmus, optokinetic nystagmus and after-nystagmus, vibration-induced nystagmus, head-shaking nystagmus, postrotatory nystagmus, caloric nystagmus, nystagmus in cerebellar disorders, differential diagnosis of nystagmus and treatment approaches (whereas infantile nystagmus syndrome is not addressed in this review). These studies address mechanisms/pathomechanisms, differential diagnoses and treatment of different forms of nystagmus.

Summary
In clinical practice, a structured description of nystagmus including its three-dimensional beating direction, trigger factors and duration is of major importance. The differential diagnosis of downbeat nystagmus is broad and includes acute intoxications, neurodegenerative disorders and cerebrovascular causes amongst others. In patients with positional nystagmus, the distinction between frequent benign peripheral and rare but dangerous central causes is imperative.
EpiModel: AnRPackage for Mathematical Modeling of Infectious Disease over Networks
Authors: Jenness Samuel M. , Goodreau Steven M. , Morris Martina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEpiModelprovides tools for building, simulating, and analyzing mathematical models for the population dynamics of infectious disease transmission in R. Several classes of models are included, but the unique contribution of this software package is a general stochastic framework for modeling the spread of epidemics on networks. This framework integrates recent advances in statistical methods for network analysis, temporal exponential random graph models, which allows the epidemic modeling to be firmly grounded in empirical data on the contacts and persistent partnerships that can spread infection. This article provides an overview of both the modeling tools built intoEpiModel, designed to facilitate learning for students new to modeling, and the application programming interface for extendingEpiModel, designed to facilitate the exploration of novel research questions for advanced modelers.
Rev7 and 53BP1/Crb2 prevent RecQ helicase-dependent hyper-resection of DNA double-strand breaks
Authors: Leland Bryan A. , Chen Angela C. , Zhao Amy Y. , Wharton Robert C. , King Megan C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPoly(ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) target cancer cells deficient in homology-directed repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In preclinical models, PARPi resistance is tied to altered nucleolytic processing (resection) at the 5’ ends of a DSB. For example, loss of 53BP1 or Rev7/MAD2L2/FANCV derepresses resection to drive PARPi resistance, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. Long-range resection can be catalyzed by two machineries: the exonuclease Exo1, or the combination of a RecQ helicase and Dna2. Here, we develop a single cell microscopy assay that allows the distinct phases and machineries of resection to be interrogated simultaneously in living S. pombe cells. Using this assay, we find that the 53BP1 orthologue and Rev7 specifically repress long-range resection through the RecQ helicase-dependent pathway, thereby preventing hyper-resection. These results suggest that “rewiring” of BRCA1-deficient cells to employ an Exo1-independent hyper-resection pathway is a driver of PARPi resistance.
Influence of APOA5 locus on the treatment efficacy of three statins: evidence from a randomized pilot study in Chinese subjects
Authors: Hua Sha , Ma Chuanxiang , Zhang Jun , Li Jing , Wu Weiwei , Xu Ning , Luo Guanghua , Zhao Jianrong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPharmacogenetics or pharmacogenomics approaches are important for addressing the individual variabilities of drug efficacy especially in the era of precision medicine. One particular interesting gene to investigate is APOA5 which has been repeatedly linked with the inter-individual variations of serum triglycerides. Here, we explored APOA5-statin interactions in 195 Chinese subjects randomized to rosuvastatin (5-10 mg/day), atorvastatin (10-20 mg/day), or simvastatin (40 mg/day) for 12 weeks by performing a targeted genotyping analysis of the APOA5 promoter SNP rs662799 (-1131T>C). There were no significant differences between the treatment arms for any of the statin-induced changes in clinical biomarkers. Reductions in LDL cholesterol were influenced by the APOA5 genotype in all three treatment groups. By contrast, changes in HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were only affected by the APOA5 genotype in the atorvastatin and simvastatin groups and not in the rosuvastatin group. Our results support earlier findings indicating that rosuvastatin is a better treatment option and that future studies should consider stratifying subjects not only by genetic background but also by statin type.AbbreviationsApoA5apolipoprotein A5BMIbody mass indexFFAfree fatty acidsHDLchigh-density lipoprotein cholesterolLDLclow-density lipoprotein cholesterolLp(a)lipoprotein(a)SNPsingle nucleotide polymorphismT2Dtype 2 diabetesTctotal cholesterolTgtriglycerides.
The spent culture supernatant ofPseudomonas syringaecontains azelaic acid
Authors: Javvadi Sree Gowrinadh , Cescutti Paola , Rizzo Roberto , Lonzarich Valentina , Navarini Luciano , Licastro Danilo , Guarnaccia Corrado , Venturi Vittorio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPseudomonas syringaepv.actinidiae(PSA) is an emerging kiwifruit bacterial pathogen which since 2008 has caused considerable losses. No quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecule has yet been reported from PSA and the aim of this study was to identify possible intercellular signals produced by PSA. A metabolome analysis resulted in the identification of 83 putative compounds, one of them was the nine carbon saturated dicarboxylic acid azelaic acid which for several reasons was decided to further study. Firstly azelaic acid, which is a straight chained nine-carbon (C9) saturated dicarboxylic acid, has been reported in plants as mobile signal that primes systemic defenses. Secondly its structure, which is associated with fatty acid biosynthesis, is similar to other known bacterial QS signals like the Diffusible Signal Facor (DSF). Analytical and structural studies by NMR spectroscopy confirmed that in the PSA spent supernatant azelaic acid was present. Quantification studies further revealed that 20 µg/L of azelaic acid was present and was also found in spent supernatants of several otherP. syringaepathovars. An RNAseq transcriptome study however did not reveal whether azelaic acid behaved as a QS molecule. This is the first report of the possible natural biosynthesis of azelaic acid by bacteria.
RNA virus interference via CRISPR/Cas13a system in plants
Authors: Aman Rashid , Ali Zahir , Butt Haroon , Mahas Ahmed , Aljedaani Fatima , Khan Muhammad Zuhaib , Ding Shouwei , Mahfouz Magdy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCRISPR/Cas systems confer immunity against invading nucleic acids and phages in bacteria and archaea. CRISPR/Cas13a (known previously as C2c2) is a class 2 type VI-A ribonuclease capable of targeting and cleaving single stranded RNA (ssRNA) molecules of the phage genome. Here, we employ CRISPR/Cas13a to engineer interference with an RNA virus, Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV), in plants. CRISPR/Cas13a produced interference against green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing TuMV in transient assays and stable overexpression lines of Nicotiana benthamiana. crRNAs targeting the HC-Pro and GFP sequences exhibited better interference than those targeting other regions such as coat protein (CP) sequence. Cas13a can also process pre-crRNAs into functional crRNAs. Our data indicate that CRISPR/Cas13a can be used for engineering interference against RNA viruses, providing a potential novel mechanism for RNA-guided immunity against RNA viruses, and for other RNA manipulations in plants.
Machine Learning of the Cardiac Phenome and Skin Transcriptome to Categorize Heart Disease in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Hinchcliff Monique E. , Frech Tracy M. , Wood Tammara A. , Huang Chiang-Ching , Lee Jungwha , Aren Kathleen , Ryan John J. , Wilson Brent , Beussink-Nelson Lauren , Whitfield Michael L. , Deo Rahul C. , Shah Sanjiv J. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundCardiac involvement is a leading cause of death in systemic sclerosis (SSc/scleroderma). The complexity of SSc cardiac manifestations is not fully captured by the current clinical SSc classification, which is based on extent of skin involvement and specific autoantibodies. Therefore, we sought to develop a clinically relevant SSc cardiac disease classification to improve clinical care and increase understanding of SSc cardiac disease pathobiology. We hypothesized that machine learning could identify novel SSc cardiac disease subgroups, and that gene expression assessment of skin could provide insights into molecular pathogenesis of these SSc pheno-groups.MethodsWe used unsupervised model-based clustering (phenomapping) of SSc patient echocardiographic and clinical data to identify clinically relevant SSc pheno-groups in a discovery cohort (n=316), and validated these findings in an external SSc validation cohort (n=67). Cox regression was used to evaluate survival differences among groups. Gene expression profiles from skin biopsies from a subset of SSc patients (n=68) and controls (n=18) were analyzed with weighted gene co-expression network analyses to identify gene modules that were associated with cardiac pheno-groups and echocardiographic parameters.ResultsFour SSc cardiac pheno-groups were identified with distinct profiles. Pheno-group #1 displayed a predominant cutaneous phenotype without cardiac involvement; pheno-group #2 had long-standing SSc with limited skin and cardiac involvement; pheno-group #3 had diffuse skin involvement, a high frequency of interstitial lung disease (88%), and significant right heart remodeling/dysfunction; and pheno-group #4 had prolonged SSc disease duration, limited skin involvement, and marked biventricular cardiac involvement. After multivariable adjustment, pheno-group #3 (hazard ratio [HR] 7.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–33.0) and pheno-group #4 (HR 10.5, 95% CI 2.1–52.7) remained associated with mortality (P<0.05). The addition of pheno-group classification was additive to conventional survival models (P<0.05 by likelihood ratio test for all models), a finding that was replicated in the validation cohort. Skin gene expression analysis identified 2 gene modules (representing fibrosis and skin integrity, respectively) that differed among the cardiac pheno-groups and were associated with specific echocardiographic parameters.ConclusionsMachine learning of echocardiographic and skin gene expression data in SSc identifies clinically relevant subgroups with distinct cardiac phenotypes, survival, and associated molecular pathways in skin.
Distinct types of short open reading frames are translated in plant cells
Authors: Fesenko Igor , Kirov Ilya , Kniazev Andrey , Khazigaleeva Regina , Lazarev Vassili , Kharlampieva Daria , Grafskaia Ekaterina , Zgoda Viktor , Butenko Ivan , Arapidi Georgy , Mamaeva Anna , Ivanov Vadim , Govorun Vadim 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTGenomes contain millions of short (<100 codons) open reading frames (sORFs), which are usually dismissed during gene annotation. Nevertheless, peptides encoded by such sORFs can play important biological roles, and their impact on cellular processes has long been underestimated. Here, we analyzed approximately 70,000 transcribed sORFs in the model plantPhyscomitrella patens(moss). Several distinct classes of sORFs that differ in terms of their position on transcripts and the level of evolutionary conservation are present in the moss genome. Over 5000 sORFs were conserved in at least one of ten plant species examined. Mass spectrometry analysis of proteomic and peptidomic datasets suggested that 584 sORFs located on distinct parts of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are translated, including 73 conservative sORFs. Translational analysis of the sORFs and main ORFs at a single locus suggested the existence of genes that code for multiple proteins and peptides with tissue-specific expression. Alternative splicing is likely involved in the excision of translatable sORFs from such transcripts. We identified a group of sORFs homologous to known protein domains and suggested they function as small interfering peptides. Functional analysis of candidate lncRNA-encoded peptides showed it to be involved in regulating growth and differentiation in moss. The high evolutionary rate and wide translation of sORFs suggest that they may provide a reservoir of potentially active peptides and their importance as a raw material for gene evolution. Our results thus open new avenues for discovering novel, biologically active peptides in the plant kingdom.
Multivariate analysis of the cotton seed ionome reveals a shared genetic architecture
Authors: Pauli Duke , Ziegler Greg , Ren Min , Jenks Matthew A. , Hunsaker Douglas J. , Zhang Min , Baxter Ivan , Gore Michael A. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTTo mitigate the effects of heat and drought stress, a better understanding of the genetic control of physiological responses to these environmental conditions is needed. To this end, we evaluated an upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) mapping population under water-limited and well-watered conditions in a hot, arid environment. The elemental concentrations (ionome) of seed samples from the population were profiled in addition to those of soil samples taken from throughout the field site to better model environmental variation. The elements profiled in seeds exhibited moderate to high heritabilities, as well as strong phenotypic and genotypic correlations between elements that were not altered by the imposed irrigation regimes. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping results from a Bayesian classification method identified multiple genomic regions where QTL for individual elements colocalized, suggesting that genetic control of the ionome is highly interrelated. To more fully explore this genetic architecture, multivariate QTL mapping was implemented among groups of biochemically related elements. This analysis revealed both additional and pleiotropic QTL responsible for coordinated control of phenotypic variation for elemental accumulation. Machine learning algorithms that utilized only ionomic data predicted the irrigation regime under which genotypes were evaluated with very high accuracy. Taken together, these results demonstrate the extent to which the seed ionome is genetically interrelated and predictive of plant physiological responses to adverse environmental conditions.One sentence summaryThe cotton seed ionome has a shared genetic basis that provides insight into the physiological status of the plant.
The internal audit dilemma – the impact of executive directors versus audit committees on internal auditing work
Authors: Eulerich Marc , Henseler Jörg , Köhler Annette G. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze how internal audit function (IAF) activities differ, depending on the impact of executive boards (EBs) and audit committees (ACs).Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on data collected from the Common Body of Knowledge (CBOK) study conducted by the Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation in 2010. Using 524 responses from US Chief audit executives the authors examine the direct and interaction effects of ACs and EBs on the probability to perform specific activities with a logistic regression model.FindingsThis manuscript shows that ACs and EBs have different direct and interaction effects on the portfolio of activities performed by the IAF. Furthermore, a varying prevalence among activities was identified, which pinpoints to the maturity of IAFs. All findings contribute to the prior and recent discussion about the position of IAFs between the stakeholders’ AC and EB.Research limitations/implicationsWhen the CBOK study was designed by the Institute of Internal Auditors, the investigators did not have the research questions in mind. The authors are therefore limited to those variables that have been collected as part of a larger questionnaire. Nevertheless, the new approach tries to open a new research direction, analyzing different activities performed by IAFs.Practical implicationsThe identified portfolio of IAF activities can help practitioners to double-check their own work and to evaluate the impact of the EB and the AC on their activities.Originality/valueThis study provides the first empirical evidence of the influence of ACs and EBs on IAF activities.