bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient electrical control of thin-film black phosphorus bandgap
Authors: Deng Bingchen , Tran Vy , Xie Yujun , Jiang Hao , Li Cheng , Guo Qiushi , Wang Xiaomu , Tian He , Koester Steven J. , Wang Han , Cha Judy J. , Xia Qiangfei , Yang Li , Xia Fengnian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRecently rediscovered black phosphorus is a layered semiconductor with promising electronic and photonic properties. Dynamic control of its bandgap can allow for the exploration of new physical phenomena. However, theoretical investigations and photoemission spectroscopy experiments indicate that in its few-layer form, an exceedingly large electric field in the order of several volts per nanometre is required to effectively tune its bandgap, making the direct electrical control unfeasible. Here we reveal the unique thickness-dependent bandgap tuning properties in intrinsic black phosphorus, arising from the strong interlayer electronic-state coupling. Furthermore, leveraging a 10 nm-thick black phosphorus, we continuously tune its bandgap from ∼300 to below 50 meV, using a moderate displacement field up to 1.1 V nm−1. Such dynamic tuning of bandgap may not only extend the operational wavelength range of tunable black phosphorus photonic devices, but also pave the way for the investigation of electrically tunable topological insulators and semimetals.
Surface topology affects wetting behavior of Bacillus subtilis biofilms
Authors: Werb Moritz , Falcón García Carolina , Bach Nina C. , Grumbein Stefan , Sieber Stephan A. , Opitz Madeleine , Lieleg Oliver 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe colonization of surfaces by bacterial biofilms constitutes a huge problem in healthcare and industry. When attempting biofilm inactivation or removal, it is crucial to sufficiently wet the biofilm surface with antibacterial agents; however, certain biofilms efficiently resist wetting, and the origin of this behavior remains to date unclear. Here, we demonstrate that, depending on the growth medium used, the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis can form biofilm colonies with distinct surface properties: we find either hydrophilic or two variants of hydrophobic behavior. We show that those differences in biofilm wetting correlate with distinct surface topologies which, in turn, give rise to different physical wetting regimes known from lotus leaves or rose petals. Forming biofilms with different wetting properties may help bacteria to survive in both arid and humid conditions. Furthermore, converting the surface polarity of a biofilm could facilitate their removal from surfaces by increasing their wettability.
As a carrier–transporter for hair follicle reconstitution, platelet-rich plasma promotes proliferation and induction of mouse dermal papilla cells
Authors: Xiao Shun-E. , Miao Yong , Wang Jin , Jiang Wei , Fan Zhe-Xiang , Liu Xiao-Min , Hu Zhi-Qi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMorphogenesis of hair follicles during development and in hair reconstitution assays involves complex interactions between epithelial cells and dermal papilla cells (DPCs). DPCs may be a source of cells for hair regeneration in alopecia patients. Reconstitution of engineered hair follicles requires in vitro culture of trichogenic cells, a three-dimensional scaffolds, and biomolecular signals. However, DPCs tend to lose their biological activity when cultured as trichogenic cells, and scaffolds currently used for hair follicle regeneration lack biological efficiency and biocompatibility. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel forms a three-dimensional scaffold that can release endogenous growth factors, is mitogenic for a variety of cell types and is used in model tissue repair and regeneration systems. We found that 5% activated PRP significantly enhanced cell proliferation and hair-inductive capability of mouse and human DPCs in vitro and promoted mouse hair follicle formation in vivo. PRP also formed a three-dimensional gel after activation. We used PRP gel as a scaffold to form many de novo hair follicles on a plane surface, showing it to be candidate bioactive scaffold capable of releasing endogenous growth factors for cell-based hair follicle regeneration.
Entanglement distribution in multi-particle systems in terms of unified entropy
Authors: Luo Yu , Zhang Fu-Gang , Li Yongming 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe investigate the entanglement distribution in multi-particle systems in terms of unified (q, s)-entropy. We find that for any tripartite mixed state, the unified (q, s)-entropy entanglement of assistance follows a polygamy relation. This polygamy relation also holds in multi-particle systems. Furthermore, a generalized monogamy relation is provided for unified (q, s)-entropy entanglement in the multi-qubit system.
GLAG theory for superconducting property variations with A15 composition in Nb3Sn wires
Authors: Li Yingxu , Gao Yuanwen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present a model for the variation of the upper critical field Hc2 with Sn content in A15-type Nb-Sn wires, within the Ginzburg-Landau-Abrikosov-Gor’kov (GLAG) theory frame. Hc2 at the vicinity of the critical temperature Tc is related quantitatively to the electrical resistivity ρ, specific heat capacity coefficient γ and Tc. Hc2 versus tin content is theoretically formulated within the GLAG theory, and generally reproduces the experiment results. As Sn content gradually approaches the stoichiometry, A15-type Nb-Sn undergoes a transition from the dirty limit to clean limit, split by the phase transformation boundary. The H-T phase boundary and pinning force show different behaviors in the cubic and tetragonal phase. We dipict the dependence of the composition gradient on the superconducting properties variation in the A15 layer, as well as the curved tail at vicinity of Hc2 in the Kramer plot of the Nb3Sn wire. This helps understanding of the inhomogeneous-composition inducing discrepancy between the results by the state-of-art scaling laws and experiments.
Heritability maps of human face morphology through large-scale automated three-dimensional phenotyping
Authors: Tsagkrasoulis Dimosthenis , Hysi Pirro , Spector Tim , Montana Giovanni 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe human face is a complex trait under strong genetic control, as evidenced by the striking visual similarity between twins. Nevertheless, heritability estimates of facial traits have often been surprisingly low or difficult to replicate. Furthermore, the construction of facial phenotypes that correspond to naturally perceived facial features remains largely a mystery. We present here a large-scale heritability study of face geometry that aims to address these issues. High-resolution, three-dimensional facial models have been acquired on a cohort of 952 twins recruited from the TwinsUK registry, and processed through a novel landmarking workflow, GESSA (Geodesic Ensemble Surface Sampling Algorithm). The algorithm places thousands of landmarks throughout the facial surface and automatically establishes point-wise correspondence across faces. These landmarks enabled us to intuitively characterize facial geometry at a fine level of detail through curvature measurements, yielding accurate heritability maps of the human face (www.heritabilitymaps.info).
Assessment of China’s H5N1 routine vaccination strategy
Authors: Sun Zhen , Wang Jimin , Huang Zeying 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this study, a simulation model was used to assess the epidemiological and economic impacts of the routine vaccination strategy for H5N1 in China at the national level. The results of the simulation show that a routine vaccination strategy at the national level could have a substantial impact on decreasing H5N1 outbreaks; it could therefore markedly reduce the severity and duration of an H5N1 epidemic at the national level in China. Under a routine vaccination programme, when a flock is infected, the number of depopulated birds could be reduced by approximately 91%, the outbreak duration could be reduced by one-fourth, and the probability of an H5N1 outbreak could be reduced to 51.5%. Although the use of vaccination has obvious benefits, if indirect costs were not considered, the mean direct cost of simulated disease control without vaccination was only 1.36% of the cost of the routine vaccination strategy, and this former approach would have saved 57 billion yuan for all poultry in China from 2004 to 2012. Traditional H5N1 control strategies with culling programmes at the national level represented a better choice for China.
Determinants of Thermostability in Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase Identified by Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Leng Fei , Wu Lu-Yun , Lu Chang , Pan Xian-Ming 
Published: April 2017

AbstractProtein thermostability has received growing attention in recent years. Little is known about the determinants of thermal resistance in individual protein families. However, it is known that the mechanism is family-dependent and not identical for all proteins. We present a multivariate statistical analysis to find the determinants of thermostability in one protein family, the serine hydroxymethyltransferase family. Based on principal component analysis, we identified three amino acid fragments as the potential determinants of thermostability. The correlation coefficients between all the putative fragments and the protein thermostability were significant according to multivariable linear regression. Within the fragments, four critical amino acid positions were identified, and they indicated the contributions of Leu, Val, Lys, Asp, Glu, and Phe to thermostability. Moreover, we analyzed the insertions/deletions of amino acids in the sequence, which showed that thermophilic SHMTs tend to insert or delete residues in the C-terminal domain rather than the N-terminal domain. Our study provided a promising approach to perform a preliminary search for the determinants of thermophilic proteins. It could be extended to other protein families to explore their own strategies for adapting to high temperature.
Towards automatic pulmonary nodule management in lung cancer screening with deep learning
Authors: Ciompi Francesco , Chung Kaman , van Riel Sarah J. , Setio Arnaud Arindra Adiyoso , Gerke Paul K. , Jacobs Colin , Scholten Ernst Th. , Schaefer-Prokop Cornelia , Wille Mathilde M. W. , Marchianò Alfonso , Pastorino Ugo , Prokop Mathias , van Ginneken Bram 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe introduction of lung cancer screening programs will produce an unprecedented amount of chest CT scans in the near future, which radiologists will have to read in order to decide on a patient follow-up strategy. According to the current guidelines, the workup of screen-detected nodules strongly relies on nodule size and nodule type. In this paper, we present a deep learning system based on multi-stream multi-scale convolutional networks, which automatically classifies all nodule types relevant for nodule workup. The system processes raw CT data containing a nodule without the need for any additional information such as nodule segmentation or nodule size and learns a representation of 3D data by analyzing an arbitrary number of 2D views of a given nodule. The deep learning system was trained with data from the Italian MILD screening trial and validated on an independent set of data from the Danish DLCST screening trial. We analyze the advantage of processing nodules at multiple scales with a multi-stream convolutional network architecture, and we show that the proposed deep learning system achieves performance at classifying nodule type that surpasses the one of classical machine learning approaches and is within the inter-observer variability among four experienced human observers.
Elucidation of crystal and electronic structures within highly strained BiFeO3 by transmission electron microscopy and first-principles simulation
Authors: Bae In-Tae , Kovács András , Zhao Hong Jian , Íñiguez Jorge , Yasui Shintaro , Ichinose Tomohiro , Naganuma Hiroshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCrystal and electronic structures of ~380 nm BiFeO3 film grown on LaAlO3 substrate are comprehensively studied using advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique combined with first-principles theory. Cross-sectional TEM images reveal the BiFeO3 film consists of two zones with different crystal structures. While zone II turns out to have rhombohedral BiFeO3, the crystal structure of zone I matches none of BiFeO3 phases reported experimentally or predicted theoretically. Detailed electron diffraction analysis combined with first-principles calculation allows us to determine that zone I displays an orthorhombic-like monoclinic structure with space group of Cm (=8). The growth mechanism and electronic structure in zone I are further discussed in comparison with those of zone II. This study is the first to provide an experimentally validated complete crystallographic detail of a highly strained BiFeO3 that includes the lattice parameter as well as the basis atom locations in the unit cell.
Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity in the orbitofrontal cortex of heroin users and its relationship with anxiety: a pilot fNIRS study
Authors: Ieong Hada Fong-ha , Yuan Zhen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDrug addiction is widely linked to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which is essential for regulating reward-related behaviors, emotional responses, and anxiety. Over the past two decades, neuroimaging has provided significant contributions revealing functional and structural alternations in the brains of drug addicts. However, the underlying neural mechanism in the OFC and its correlates with drug addiction and anxiety still require further elucidation. We first presented a pilot investigation to examine local networks in OFC regions through resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) from eight abstinent addicts in a heroin-dependent group (HD) and seven subjects in a control group (CG). We discovered that the HDs manifested enhanced interhemispheric correlation and rsFC. Moreover, small-worldness was explored in the brain networks. In addition to the altered rsFC in the OFC networks, our examinations demonstrated associations in the functional connectivity between the left inferior frontal gyrus and other OFC regions related to anxiety in the HDs. The study provides important preliminary evidence of the complex OFC networks in heroin addiction and suggests neural correlates of anxiety. It opens a window in application of fNIRS to predict psychiatric trajectories and may create new insights into neural adaptations resulting from chronic opiate intake.
Compromised External Validity: Federally Produced Cannabis Does Not Reflect Legal Markets
Authors: Vergara Daniela , Bidwell L. Cinnamon , Gaudino Reggie , Torres Anthony , Du Gary , Ruthenburg Travis C. , deCesare Kymron , Land Donald P. , Hutchison Kent E. , Kane Nolan C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAs the most widely used illicit drug worldwide, and as a source of numerous under-studied pharmacologically-active compounds, a precise understanding of variability in psychological and physiological effects of Cannabis varieties is essential. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is designated as the sole legal producer of Cannabis for use in US research studies. We sought to compare the chemical profiles of Cannabis varieties that are available to consumers in states that have state-legalized use versus what is available to researchers interested in studying the plant and its effects. Our results demonstrate that the federally-produced Cannabis has significantly less variety and lower concentrations of cannabinoids than are observed in state-legal U.S. dispensaries. Most dramatically, NIDA’s varieties contain only 27% of the THC levels and as much as 11–23 times the Cannabinol (CBN) content compared to what is available in the state-legal markets. Research restricted to using the current range of federally-produced Cannabis thus may yield limited insights into the chemical, biological and pharmacological properties, and medical potential of material that is available in the state markets. Investigation is urgently needed on the full diversity of Cannabis chemotypes known to be available to the public.
The characteristics of newly diagnosed adult early-onset diabetes: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Zou Xiantong , Zhou Xianghai , Ji Linong , Yang Wenying , Lu Juming , Weng Jianping , Jia Weiping , Shan Zhongyan , Liu Jie , Tian Haoming , Ji Qiuhe , Zhu Dalong , Ge Jiapu , Lin Lixiang , Chen Li , Guo Xiaohui , Zhao Zhigang , Li Qiang , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTo investigate the characteristics of newly diagnosed early-onset diabetes in the Chinese population, 2801 newly diagnosed diabetes participants without known diabetes or pre-diabetes in a national cross-sectional survey were analysed. Participants were divided into quartiles (22–43, 44–52, 53–61 and >61 years) according to age of diabetes onset and the first group were defined as early-onset diabetes group. Early-onset diabetes group had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, 2-hour post prandial blood glucose and urine albumin creatinine ratio. There was no difference in body mass index, Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of beta cell function and diabetes family history between early-onset diabetes participants and any other age groups. HOMA of insulin resistance (IR) scores and disposition index 30 minutes after glucose load (DI30) were increased in early-onset diabetes participants. The beta cell function declination was more deteriorated in early-onset diabetes participants. Male gender, triglycerides, HOMA-IR and DI30 were positively associated with an earlier age at diagnosis. In conclusion, patients diagnosed with diabetes at a younger age are characterized by a similar cardiovascular risk profile with increased insulin resistance and more severe beta cell failure than patients diagnosed at a later age.
Integration of liver gene co-expression networks and eGWAs analyses highlighted candidate regulators implicated in lipid metabolism in pigs
Authors: Ballester Maria , Ramayo-Caldas Yuliaxis , Revilla Manuel , Corominas Jordi , Castelló Anna , Estellé Jordi , Fernández Ana I. , Folch Josep M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the present study, liver co-expression networks and expression Genome Wide Association Study (eGWAS) were performed to identify DNA variants and molecular pathways implicated in the functional regulatory mechanisms of meat quality traits in pigs. With this purpose, the liver mRNA expression of 44 candidates genes related with lipid metabolism was analysed in 111 Iberian x Landrace backcross animals. The eGWAS identified 92 eSNPs located in seven chromosomal regions and associated with eight genes:CROT, CYP2U1, DGAT1, EGF, FABP1, FABP5, PLA2G12A, andPPARA. Remarkably,cis-eSNPs associated withFABP1gene expression which may be determining the C18:2(n-6)/C18:3(n-3) ratio in backfat through the multiple interaction of DNA variants and genes were identified. Furthermore, a hotspot on SSC8 associated with the gene expression of eight genes was identified and theTBCKgene was pointed out as candidate gene regulating it. Our results also suggested that the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway plays an important role in the control of the analysed genes highlighting nuclear receptors as the NR3C1 or PPARA. Finally, sex-dimorphism associated with hepatic lipid metabolism was identified with over-representation of female-biased genes. These results increase our knowledge of the genetic architecture underlying fat composition traits.
Digital dispersion pre‐compensation based on intensity modulator and phase modulator for PAM‐4 in short‐reach fibre communications
Authors: Xu Bo , Qiu Kun 
Published: April 2017

High‐speed PAM‐4 is a promising way for future low‐cost short‐reach fibre communications. However, for 1550 nm transmission with the lowest attenuation for standard single‐mode fibre (SSMF), the fibre dispersion‐induced inter‐symbol interference (ISI) becomes non‐linear in direct detection. Dispersion pre‐compensation at the transmitter side is necessary to avoid such non‐linear ISI. Different from previous methods to generate the vector signal from dispersion pre‐compensation using IQ modulators, in this study a digital dispersion pre‐compensation (DDPC) scheme based on an intensity modulator (IM) plus a phase modulator (PM) is studied. Taking into account the digital‐to‐analogue converter (DAC) bandwidth limit on the vector signal generation, anti‐aliasing filtering on both the magnitude signal and the phase signal should be applied. The error rate performance of the IM–PM based DDPC scheme is analysed in detail using numerical simulations. For 50 Gb/s PAM‐4 transmission at 1550 nm over SSMF, over 50 km fibre transmission can be supported if the two DACs have enough bandwidth larger than 17.5 GHz. If the DAC bandwidth is limited to 15 GHz, it is also possible to transmit over 20 km SSMF. Meanwhile, it is verified that practical 5‐bit DAC resolution is enough for the IM–PM based DDPC scheme to work for a wide range of SSMF lengths.
Backup protection scheme for transmission line compensated with UPFC during high impedance faults and dynamic situations
Authors: Kumar Bhupendra , Yadav Anamika 
Published: April 2017

This study presents a backup protection scheme for transmission line compensated with unified power flow controller (UPFC) using power differential protection algorithm. In this scheme, power differential feature is evaluated from the apparent power flow in each phase at the local and remote bus to discriminate between the fault and normal situation. The proposed protection algorithm can be integrated with the conventional distance protection to supervise its operation during stressed conditions. Extensive fault simulation studies have been performed for different types of fault with several conditions and critical dynamic situations/issues such as load encroachment, power swing and high impedance fault (HIF). A 500 kV three machines four bus transmission system with UPFC has been used to validate the performance of the proposed scheme using MATLAB software. The test results depict that the proposed scheme is robust against HIF, power swing and load encroachment. It is not affected by the variation in pre‐fault power flow angle and synchronisation delay. The proposed scheme has also been tested for current transformer (CT) and coupling capacitor voltage transformer (CCVT) transient error, which brings out the superiority of the scheme.