bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Narrative Policy Framework Analysis of Wildfire Policy Discussions in Two Colorado Communities
Authors: Crow Deserai A. , Lawhon Lydia A. , Berggren John , Huda Juhi , Koebele Elizabeth , Kroepsch Adrianne 
Published: August 2017

Whether due to climate change, human development in risk‐prone areas, or other factors contributing to vulnerability, communities globally face risk from hazards that can lead to disasters that impact human livelihoods. Some disasters become focusing events that can catalyze a search for solutions to the policy problems uncovered by disaster. The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) was developed to provide policy scholars with the tools to analyze the role of narratives in such policy debates. The NPF, however, has not been systematically applied to narratives surrounding hazards and disasters. This study examines media coverage from two cases of catastrophic wildfire in Colorado, the United States, to understand the evolving policy narratives over time, with specific attention to three key NPF variables: policy problems, solutions, and characters. Findings indicate that narratives concerning disasters are different than other policy issues in ways that are vital to understand as scholars apply and refine the NPF.Related Articles

Shanahan, Elizabeth A.,
Mark K. McBeth, and
Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 373‐400. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00295.x/abstract

Smith‐Walter, Aaron,
Holly L. Peterson,
Michael D. Jones, and
Ashley Nicole Reynolds Marshall. 2016. “.” Politics & Policy 44: 1053‐1088. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12187/full

Ertas, Nevbahar. 2015. “.” Politics & Policy 43: 426‐451. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12120/full
Policy Salience and Election Outcomes in Contemporary American Presidential Elections (1972‐2000)
Authors: Asingo Patrick O. 
Published: August 2017

This article examines the influence of policy salience on election outcomes using aggregate U.S. presidential election data and the American National Election Studies poll data from 1972 to 2000. It finds that salience influences election outcomes consistent with the Schattschneider‐Lowi thesis that policy determines politics. While salience levels are typically low, relatively higher salience yields more popular votes for Republicans than Democrats. Consequently, Republicans typically win by higher margins and lose by smaller margins compared to Democrats. Moreover, an incumbent is likely to be reelected if his party's salience levels remain higher than the challenger's. Finally, the policy salience thesis provides useful clues in the quest for a unified voting theory. It suggests that voters rely on rationality and self‐interest to obtain answers to two pertinent questions, whose answers determine how they vote: (1) what is the most important problem; and (2) who can address it? These questions also undergird other voting theories.Related ArticlesBernick,M. Ethan, andNathanMyers.2012. “.”Politics & Policy40():131‐159.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00340.x/abstractHeidbreder,Bianne.2012. “.”Politics & Policy40():296‐319.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00345.x/abstractKhodr,Hiba, andIsabellaRuble.2013. “.”Politics & Policy41():656‐689.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12033/pdf
Ranked Choice Voting and Attitudes toward Democracy in the United States: Results from a Survey Experiment
Authors: Nielson Lindsay 
Published: August 2017

Ranked choice voting (RCV) is a voting system used commonly around the world, but only rarely in the United States. I present here a study that investigates how American voters act in an RCV election. Using a survey experiment design, I compare the election outcome and the behaviors and attitudes of voters in a plurality election to an RCV election. I find evidence suggesting RCV may not significantly change election outcomes and have no positive impact on voters’ confidence in elections and the democratic process. Study participants who voted in the RCV treatment were not any more likely to prefer RCV elections to plurality or majoritarian elections, and, overall, most voters do not prefer to vote in RCV elections and do not think that they result in fair election outcomes.Related Articles

Boschler, Daniel. 2009. “” Politics & Policy 37 (): 735‐767. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00196.x/full

Kim, Myunghee. 2007. “.” Politics & Policy 35 (): 496‐521. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00070.x/full

Berggren, Heidi M.,
Gregory A. Fugate,
Robert R. Preuhs, and
Dennis R. Still. 2004. “.” Politics & Policy 32 (): 72‐96. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2004.tb00176.x/full
Related MediaRanked Choice Voting Resource Center. n.d. http://www.rankedchoicevoting.org/
. 2017. “Ranked Choice Voting Has Its Red‐Carpet Moment in 2017.” March. http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/states-and-election-reform-the-canvass-march-2017.aspx

Carrigan, Don, and
Michael Kmack. 2017. “Maine Supreme Court Tackles Ranked Choice Voting.” April 13. http://www.wcsh6.com/news/politics/elections/maine-supreme-court-tackles-ranked-choice-voting/431027688

Raeburn, Paul. 2016. “How Election 2016 Would Be Different with Ranked‐Choice Voting.” October 17. http://www.newsweek.com/2016/10/28/election-2016-voting-science-510662.html

Green, Nato. 2017. “Ranked‐Choice Voting a Barrier to Participation.” April 30. http://www.sfexaminer.com/ranked-choice-voting-barrier-participation/
Evaluation of triticale accessions for resistance to wheat bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa
Authors: Sapkota S. , Zhang Q. , Chittem K. , Mergoum M. , Xu S. S. , Liu Z. 
Published: August 2017

The bacterium Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (Xtu) causes bacterial leaf streak (BLS) on wheat and other small grains. Several triticale accessions were reported to possess high levels of resistance to wheat Xtu strains. In this study, a worldwide collection of triticale accessions as well as the major North Dakota hard red spring and durum wheat cultivars were evaluated for reaction to two local Xtu strains. All wheat cultivars showed a susceptible reaction but a wide range of reactions was observed among triticale accessions. Out of the 502 accessions tested, 45 and 10 accessions were resistant to the two virulent strains BLS‐LB10 and BLS‐P3, respectively, with five accessions, PI 428736, PI 428854, PI 428913, PI 542545 and PI 587229, being highly resistant to both strains. Statistical analysis showed significant difference among the accessions, strains, and the accession by strain interaction (P < 0.001). Bacterial population growth in resistant triticale was significantly slower than that in susceptible triticale. Molecular cytogenetic characterization in four representative triticale accessions confirmed the hexaploid level of the species and the presence of 12 or 14 rye chromosomes. The triticale accessions identified are valuable materials for developing wheat germplasm with high levels of BLS resistance.
Environmental Exposure of the Adult French Population to Permethrin
Authors: Hermant Marie , Blanchard Olivier , Perouel Guillaume , Boulanger Guillaume , Merlo Mathilde , Desvignes Virginie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis work aims to assess the exposure to permethrin of the adult French population from available contamination measurements of outdoor air, indoor air, and settled dust. Priority is given to the assessment of chronic exposure, given the potential of permethrin to induce cancers and/or endocrine disorders. A statistical method was devised to calculate exposure to permethrin by different pathways (inhalation, indirect dust ingestion, and dermal contact). This method considers anthropometric parameters, the population's space–time budget, and recent methods for calculating dermal exposure. Considering the media of interest, our results pointed to house dust as the main environmental source of permethrin exposure, followed by indoor and outdoor air. Dermal contact and indirect dust ingestion may be more important exposure pathways than inhalation. A sensitivity analysis indicated that exposure estimates were mainly affected by variability within contamination data. This study is the first step in aggregated exposure and risk assessment due to pyrethroid exposure. Outdoor air, indoor air, and settled dust may constitute significant exposure sources, in addition to diet, which could be important. The next step entails assessing internal doses and estimating the proportion of each exposure source and pathway relative to internal exposure.
When Does Poor Governance Presage Biosecurity Risk?
Authors: Lane Stephen E. , Arthur Anthony D. , Aston Christina , Zhao Sam , Robinson Andrew P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBorder inspection, and the challenge of deciding which of the tens of millions of consignments that arrive should be inspected, is a perennial problem for regulatory authorities. The objective of these inspections is to minimize the risk of contraband entering the country. As an example, for regulatory authorities in charge of biosecurity material, consignments of goods are classified before arrival according to their economic tariff number. This classification, perhaps along with other information, is used as a screening step to determine whether further biosecurity intervention, such as inspection, is necessary. Other information associated with consignments includes details such as the country of origin, supplier, and importer, for example. The choice of which consignments to inspect has typically been informed by historical records of intercepted material. Fortunately for regulators, interception is a rare event; however, this sparsity undermines the utility of historical records for deciding which containers to inspect. In this article, we report on an analysis that uses more detailed information to inform inspection. Using quarantine biosecurity as a case study, we create statistical profiles using generalized linear mixed models and compare different model specifications with historical information alone, demonstrating the utility of a statistical modeling approach. We also demonstrate some graphical model summaries that provide managers with insight into pathway governance.
Communicating Earthquake Preparedness: The Influence of Induced Mood, Perceived Risk, and Gain or Loss Frames on Homeowners’ Attitudes Toward General Precautionary Measures for Earthquakes
Authors: Marti Michèle , Stauffacher Michael , Matthes Jörg , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDespite global efforts to reduce seismic risk, actual preparedness levels remain universally low. Although earthquake‐resistant building design is the most efficient way to decrease potential losses, its application is not a legal requirement across all earthquake‐prone countries and even if, often not strictly enforced. Risk communication encouraging homeowners to take precautionary measures is therefore an important means to enhance a country's earthquake resilience. Our study illustrates that specific interactions of mood, perceived risk, and frame type significantly affect homeowners’ attitudes toward general precautionary measures for earthquakes. The interdependencies of the variables mood, risk information, and frame type were tested in an experimental 2 × 2 × 2 design (N= 156). Only in combination and not on their own, these variables effectively influence attitudes toward general precautionary measures for earthquakes. The control variables gender, “trait anxiety” index, and alteration of perceived risk adjust the effect. Overall, the group with the strongest attitudes toward general precautionary actions for earthquakes are homeowners with induced negative mood who process high‐risk information and gain‐framed messages. However, the conditions comprising induced negative mood, low‐risk information and loss‐frame and induced positive mood, low‐risk information and gain‐framed messages both also significantly influence homeowners’ attitudes toward general precautionary measures for earthquakes. These results mostly confirm previous findings in the field of health communication. For practitioners, our study emphasizes that carefully compiled communication measures are a powerful means to encourage precautionary attitudes among homeowners, especially for those with an elevated perceived risk.
The Lymphocytes Stimulation Induced DNA Release, a Phenomenon Similar to NETosis
Authors: Rocha Arrieta Y. C. , Rojas M. , Vasquez G. , Lopez J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe release of DNA into the extracellular milieu by neutrophil during a process called NETosis has been postulated as an additional source of autoantigens; a process believed to be important in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, it is not established if the B and T cells undergo the release of DNA to the extracellular milleu, in response to different stimuli. In this study, it was observed that the treatment of B and T cells with PMA, ionomycin and the serum from patients with SLE induced the extracellular DNA presence in B and T cells. These findings suggest that the phenomenon were similar to those observed in neutrophil's Etosis; B and T cells also released their DNA into the extracellular milieu. The findings express that serum from patients with SLE and SLEDAI ≤ 8 triggers the release of extracellular DNA in neutrophils, B and T cells, that suggested the presence of soluble factors in the serum that favoured this phenomenon.
Effectiveness of structured planned post discharge support to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for reducing readmission rates: a systematic review
Authors: Pedersen Preben Ulrich , Ersgard Karen Bagger , Soerensen Tina Brandt , Larsen Palle 
Published: August 2017

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease, characterized by airflow limitation. The disease has a significant impact on the lives of patients and is a challenge for the health care due to readmissions to hospitals.ObjectivesThis review aimed to identify, appraise and synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of discharge interventions that can reduce readmission of patients with COPD.Types of participantsHospitalized patients, aged 18 years or over, who had been diagnosed with COPD and were admitted to hospital due to acute exacerbation.Types of interventionsStudies that evaluated discharge interventions that supported patients managing symptoms of COPD.Types of studiesRandomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental or cohort studies.OutcomesReadmission, defined as hospitalization to the same or different hospital for any reason within the following year after discharge.Search strategyMultiple databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Pedro, Web of Science, Turning Research Into Practice [Trip] and Scopus) were searched from 1990 to June 2015. Studies published in English or Scandinavian.Methodological qualityTwo independent reviewers used the standard critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute to assess the methodological quality of studies. All studies were of good methodological quality.Data extractionThe process of data extraction was undertaken independently by two reviewers using tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute.Data synthesisA narrative description of each study was performed. Outcomes were reported as the event rate (ER) in the intervention and control groups. Based on the ER relative risk reduction (RRR), absolute risk reduction (ARR), the number needed to treat (NNT), and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Continuous data were reported in natural units.ResultsThis review includes ten studies all testing a mix of interventions. A meta-analysis included six studies, four at 30 days follow-up with RR 0.67 (0.45 to 0.98) and 180 days follow-up with RR 0.74 (0.51 to 1.08). The analysis could not identify a single set of interventions that could be recommended.ConclusionsPost discharge support and interventions in patients with COPD significantly reduce the readmission rate within 30 days after discharge from hospital and the interventions may significantly reduce readmission up to 180 days after initial discharge. This is a significant finding from the clinical and practical perspective.
Pediatric post-anesthesia care unit discharge criteria: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ryals Mary , Palokas Michelle 
Published: August 2017

Review objective/question:
The objectives of this review are to explore existing literature on discharge criteria, tools and strategies utilized in pediatric post-anesthesia care units (PACUs) after outpatient surgery, examine and conceptually map the evidence, and identify gaps in the literature.
Specifically, the review question is: what criteria, tools and strategies are being used in pediatric PACUs for discharge?
Draft Genome Sequence of the Endophytic Bacillus aryabhattai Strain SQU-R12, Identified from
Phoenix dactylifera
L. Roots
Authors: Yaish Mahmoud W. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Bacillus aryabhattai
strain SQU-R12 was isolated from date palm seedlings, where it showed a growth-promoting capacity by being able to synthesize indole-3-acetic acid phytohormone and reduce ethylene biosynthesis by producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase. The draft genome sequence of this strain is reported here.
Cost-effectiveness of club-foot treatment in low-income and middle-income countries by the Ponseti method
Authors: Grimes Caris E , Holmer Hampus , Maraka Jane , Ayana Birhanu , Hansen Linda , Lavy Christopher B D 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundClub foot is a common congenital deformity affecting 150 000–200 000 children every year. Untreated patients end up walking on the side or back of the affected foot, with severe social and economic consequences. Club foot is highly treatable by the Ponseti method, a non-invasive technique that has been described as highly suitable for use in resource-limited settings. To date, there has been no evaluation of its cost-effectiveness ratio, defined as the cost of averting one disability-adjusted life year (DALY), a composite measure of the impact of premature death and disability. In this study, we aimed to calculate the average cost-effectiveness ratio of the Ponseti method for correcting club foot in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsUsing data from 12 sub-Saharan African countries provided by the international non-profit organisation CURE Clubfoot, which implements several Ponseti treatment programmes around the world, we estimated the average cost of the point-of-care treatment for club foot in these countries. We divided the cost of treatment with the average number of DALYs that can be averted by the Ponseti treatment, assuming treatment is successful in 90% of patients.ResultsWe found the average cost of the Ponseti treatment to be US$167 per patient. The average number of DALYs averted was 7.42, yielding a cost-effectiveness ratio of US$22.46 per DALY averted. To test the robustness of our calculation different variables were used and these yielded a cost range of US$5.28–29.75. This is less than a tenth of the cost of many other treatment modalities used in resource-poor settings today.ConclusionsThe Ponseti method for the treatment of club foot is cost-effective and practical in a low-income country setting. These findings could be used to raise the priority for implementing Ponseti treatment in areas where patients are still lacking access to the life-changing intervention.
Obesity is a strong predictor of worse clinical outcomes and treatment responses in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the SWEFOT trial
Authors: Levitsky Adrian , Brismar Kerstin , Hafström Ingiäld , Hambardzumyan Karen , Lourdudoss Cecilia , van Vollenhoven Ronald F , Saevarsdottir Saedis 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this paper was to analyse the impact of obesity, in addition to known predictors, on disease outcome in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsBody mass index (BMI) was available in 260 patients from the Swedish pharmacotherapy trial (SWEFOT). Differences in disease activity (DAS28), functional impairment (HAQ), pain (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS-pain) and radiographic damage were evaluated over 24 months between BMI categories (obese BMI >30, n=43; overweight BMI=25–29.9, n=74; normal BMI <25, n=143) using non-parametric testing. Predictors of European League Against Rheumatism non-remission (DAS28 ≥2.6) at 24 months of follow-up were evaluated using binary univariate and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsObesity at baseline was associated with worse continuous-scale clinical outcomes over 24 months (DAS28, HAQ and VAS-pain at last visit: obese vs normal: p<0.001; obese vs overweight: p<0.05). Furthermore, obese patients compared with non-obese patients had significantly greater odds of non-remission at 24 months (adjusted OR (aOR) 5.2; 95% CI 1.8 to 15.2). Other independent predictors were female sex (aOR 2.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 5.8), current smoking (aOR 2.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 6.3) and HAQ (per-unit increase, aOR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.4). The pattern was similar among seropositive and seronegative patients; and in the subgroups of methotrexate responders and patients randomised at 3 months to add-on of sulfasalazine+hydroxychloroquine, although not significant with add-on of infliximab. Obesity had no independent association to radiographic progression.ConclusionsIn this early RA trial reflecting today’s standard treatment, obesity, in addition to sex, smoking and functional impairment strongly lowered the chance of attaining good clinical outcomes, including remission, today’s treatment goal. This highlights the importance of considering lifestyle modification as one of the cornerstones of RA care.Trial registration numberNCT00764725; Post-results. WHO database at the Karolinska University Hospital: CT20080004.
Cross-sectional study to evaluate Trichomonas vaginalis positivity in women tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, attending genitourinary medicine and primary care clinics in Bristol, South West England
Authors: Nicholls Jane E , Turner Katy M E , North Paul , Ferguson Ralph , May Margaret T , Gough Karen , Macleod John , Muir Peter , Horner Patrick J 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundHighly sensitive, commercial nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) for Trichomonas vaginalis have only recently been recommended for use in the UK. While testing for T. vaginalis is routine in symptomatic women attending genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics, it is rare in asymptomatic women or those attending primary care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the positivity of T. vaginalis using a commercial NAAT, in symptomatic and asymptomatic women undergoing testing for chlamydia and gonorrhoea in GUM and primary care settings.MethodsSamples from 9186 women undergoing chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing in South West England between May 2013 and Jan 2015 were also tested for T. vaginalis by NAAT alongside existing tests.ResultsT. vaginalis positivity using NAAT was as follows: in GUM 4.5% (24/530, symptomatic) and 1.7% (27/1584, asymptomatic); in primary care 2.7% (94/3499, symptomatic) and 1.2% (41/3573, asymptomatic). Multivariable regression found that in GUM older age, black ethnicity and deprivation were independent risk factors for T. vaginalis infection. Older age and deprivation were also risk factors in primary care. Testing women presenting with symptoms in GUM and primary care using TV NAATs is estimated to cost £260 per positive case diagnosed compared with £716 using current microbiological tests.ConclusionsAptima TV outperforms existing testing methods used to identify T. vaginalis infection in this population. An NAAT should be used when testing for T. vaginalis in women who present for testing with symptoms in primary care and GUM, based on test performance and cost.