bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Error behaviour in explicit integration algorithms with automatic substepping
Authors: Lloret‐Cabot Martí , Sloan Scott W. , Sheng Daichao , Abbo Andrew J. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis paper studies the behaviour of the error incurred when numerically integrating the elasto‐plastic mechanical relationships of a constitutive model for soils using an explicit substepping formulation with automatic error control. The correct update of all the variables involved in the numerical integration of the incremental stress–strain relationships is central to the computational performance of the integration scheme, and, although often missed in the literature, all variables (including specific volume) should be explicitly considered in the algorithmic formulation. This is demonstrated in the paper by studying, in the context of the Cam clay formulations for saturated soils, the influence that the updating of the specific volume has on the accuracy of the numerical solution. The fact that the variation of the local error with the size of the integrated strain depends on the order of local accuracy of the numerical method is also used in the paper to propose a simple and powerful strategy to verify the correctness of the implemented mathematical formulation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increasing obesity rates in school children in United Arab Emirates
Authors: AlBlooshi A. , Shaban S. , AlTunaiji M. , Fares N. , AlShehhi L. , AlShehhi H. , AlMazrouei A. , Souid A. ‐K. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe remarkable socioeconomic changes in United Arab Emirates (UAE) necessitate regular monitoring of obesity in our population. This study explored the epidemiology of obesity in a large cohort of UAE students.MethodsThis population‐based study investigated the prevalence of obesity in 44,942 students attending governmental schools in Ras Al‐Khaimah. Body‐mass‐index (BMI) was calculated in 15,532 children (4–12 y) in 2013–2014, and in 29,410 children (3–18 y) in 2014–2015. The International Obesity Task Force, World Health Organization, and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reference methods were used to identify overweight, obesity, and extremely‐obesity.ResultsUsing CDC interpretation of BMI, from 11 to 14 y, the prevalence of BMI ≥85th percentile was 41.2%, BMI ≥95th percentile 24.3% and BMI ≥99th percentile 5.7%. Obesity increased linearly from 3 to 12 y (R2 ≥ 0.979); each year an additional 2.36% of the students became obese and 0.28% became extremely obese. The rate of extreme‐obesity was 9.6‐fold higher in boys than girls (0.58% vs. 0.06%). From 15 to 18 y, 10.3% of boys were extremely obese and 3.0% of girls were extremely obese.ConclusionsThese results confirm a steady rise in obesity in children 3–18 y. The rising rate of extreme obesity is also alarming, especially among boys.
Investigating the Experiences of Childhood Cancer Patients and Parents Participating in Optional Nontherapeutic Clinical Research Studies in the UK
Authors: Errington Julie , Malik Ghada , Evans Julie , Baston Jenny , Parry Annie , Price Lisa , Johnstone Hina , Peters Selena , Oram Victoria , Howe Karen , Whiteley Emma , Tunnacliffe Jane , Veal Gareth J. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundWhile the majority of childhood cancer clinical trials are treatment related, additional optional research investigations may be carried out that do not directly impact on treatment. It is essential that these studies are conducted ethically and that the experiences of families participating in these studies are as positive as possible.MethodsA questionnaire study was carried out to investigate the key factors that influence why families choose to participate in optional nontherapeutic research studies, the level of understanding of the trials involved, and the experiences of participation.ResultsA total of 100 participants from six UK centers were studied; 77 parents, 10 patients >16 years, and 13 patients aged 8–15 years. Ninety‐seven percent of parents and 90% of patients felt that information provided prior to study consent was of the right length, with 52% of parents and 65% of patients fully understanding the information provided. Seventy‐four percent of parents participated in research studies in order to “do something important”, while 74% of patients participated “to help medical staff”. Encouragingly, <5% of participants felt that their clinical care would be negatively affected if they did not participate. Positive aspects of participation included a perception of increased attention from medical staff. Negative aspects included spending longer periods in hospital and the requirement for additional blood samples. Ninety‐six percent of parents and 87% of patients would participate in future studies.ConclusionsThe study provides an insight into the views of childhood cancer patients and their parents participating in nontherapeutic clinical research studies. Overwhelmingly, the findings suggest that participation is seen as a positive experience.
Eiskalt gegen Kurzschluss
Authors: Schmidt Wolfgang , Krämer Hans‐Peter , Schacherer Christian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractKurzschlüsse in Stromnetzen sind unangenehm für Netzbetreiber und Verbraucher. Mit Supraleitern ließe sich das Problem entschärfen, hierfür ist ihr nichtlineares Widerstandsverhalten ideal. Im Normalbetrieb ist ihr Widerstand nahezu Null bis auf geringe Wechselstromverluste. Bei Kurzschluss werden sie normalleitend und begrenzen so den Kurzschlussstrom. In Pilotprojekten werden verschiedene Bauformen getestet. Grundsätzlich unterscheidet man zwischen resistiven und induktiven supraleitenden Strombegrenzern. Letztere nutzen das Transformatorprinzip, unter anderem um den Kühlaufwand für die supraleitende Sekundärwicklung zu reduzieren. Die meisten Pilotprojekte basieren bislang aber auf den weniger aufwendig aufgebauten resistiven Strombegrenzern. Sie werden vor allem in den Verteilnetzen erprobt. In China laufen erste Tests bei höheren Spannungen im Übertragungsnetz.
Stehaufkreisel – a never ending story
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Mölmann Klaus‐Peter 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStehaufkreisel sind faszinierende physikalische Spielzeuge, die scheinbar die Schwerkraft auszutricksen vermögen: Nach anfänglicher Rotation drehen sie sich so um, dass sie schließlich auf der früheren Spitze rotieren. Hochgeschwindigkeits‐Videos ermöglichen es, die komplizierten mathematischen Lösungen ihrer Bewegung experimentell zu überprüfen.
Cooper‐Paare tunneln durch einen Quantenpunkt
Authors: Baumgartner Andreas , Gramich Jörg , Schönenberger Christian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractElektronische Bauteile aus Supraleitern und Quantenpunkten zeigen eine Vielzahl von neuen und fundamentalen physikalischen Eigenschaften und stellen neue quantentechnologische Anwendungen in Aussicht. Kürzlich ist es gelungen, den wohl grundlegendsten Transportprozess in einer solchen Struktur in Experimenten zu identifizieren, nämlich den direkten Transport von Elektronen aus einem Supraleiter durch einen Quantenpunkt, das sogenannte Andreev‐Tunneln. Das Verständnis dieses Prozesses liefert die Grundlage für zukünftige Anwendungen, die quantenmechanische Phänomene in elektronischen Bauteilen ausnutzen werden.
Apps, die beim Lüften helfen
Authors: Wilhelm Thomas , Kuhn Jochen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMit verschiedenen Apps lässt sich die relative Luftfeuchtigkeit anzeigen, die ein Sensor in einem Smartphone misst. Andere Apps berechnen, wie sich die Luftfeuchtigkeit zum Beispiel durch das Lüften einer Wohnung verändern würde.
Programmable protein arrays for immunoprofiling HPV‐associated cancers
Authors: Ewaisha Radwa , Meshay Ian , Resnik Jack , Katchman Benjamin A. , Anderson Karen S. 
Published: March 2016

Over 600 000 cancers each year are attributed to the human papillomavirus (HPV), including cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers (OPC). A key challenge in understanding HPV immunobiology is the diversity of oncogenic HPV types and the need for multiplexed display of HPV antigens to measure antibody responses. We have generated custom HPV protein microarrays displaying 98 proteins as C‐terminal GST fusion proteins, representing eight antigens of two low‐risk HPV types (HPV6 and 11) and ten oncogenic high‐risk HPV types (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52 and 58). We demonstrate robust and reproducible protein expression of 96/98 of the antigens using a human cell lysate expression system. The target epitopes and specificities of four monoclonal antibodies were identified. Using sera from ten patients with newly diagnosed OPC and ten controls, we demonstrate specific IgG seroreactivity to HPV16 E1, E2, and E7 (a fold increase of 1.52, 2.19 and 1.35 in cases vs. controls, respectively, all p < 0.005), confirming our prior data on an ELISA platform. We also detect HPV52 E7 Abs in serum from a patient with cervical cancer. The HPV protein array has potential for rapid identification of serologic responses to 12 HPV types.
A new organic reference material, l‐glutamic acid, USGS41a, for δ13C and δ15N measurements − a replacement for USGS41
Authors: Qi Haiping , Coplen Tyler B. , Mroczkowski Stanley J. , Brand Willi A. , Brandes Lauren , Geilmann Heike , Schimmelmann Arndt 
Published: March 2016

RationaleThe widely used l‐glutamic acid isotopic reference material USGS41, enriched in both 13C and 15N, is nearly exhausted. A new material, USGS41a, has been prepared as a replacement for USGS41.MethodsUSGS41a was prepared by dissolving analytical grade l‐glutamic acid enriched in 13C and 15N together with l‐glutamic acid of normal isotopic composition. The δ13C and δ15N values of USGS41a were directly or indirectly normalized with the international reference materials NBS 19 calcium carbonate (δ13CVPDB = +1.95 mUr, where milliurey = 0.001 = 1 ‰), LSVEC lithium carbonate (δ13CVPDB = −46.6 mUr), and IAEA‐N‐1 ammonium sulfate (δ15NAir = +0.43 mUr) and USGS32 potassium nitrate (δ15N = +180 mUr exactly) by on‐line combustion, continuous‐flow isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry, and off‐line dual‐inlet isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry.ResultsUSGS41a is isotopically homogeneous; the reproducibility of δ13C and δ15N is better than 0.07 mUr and 0.09 mUr, respectively, in 200‐μg amounts. It has a δ13C value of +36.55 mUr relative to VPDB and a δ15N value of +47.55 mUr relative to N2 in air. USGS41 was found to be hydroscopic, probably due to the presence of pyroglutamic acid. Experimental results indicate that the chemical purity of USGS41a is substantially better than that of USGS41.ConclusionsThe new isotopic reference material USGS41a can be used with USGS40 (having a δ13CVPDB value of −26.39 mUr and a δ15NAir value of −4.52 mUr) for (i) analyzing local laboratory isotopic reference materials, and (ii) quantifying drift with time, mass‐dependent isotopic fractionation, and isotope‐ratio‐scale contraction for isotopic analysis of biological and organic materials. Published in 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Investigation of the selective androgen receptor modulators S1, S4 and S22 and their metabolites in equine plasma using high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Hansson Annelie , Knych Heather , Stanley Scott , Thevis Mario , Bondesson Ulf , Hedeland Mikael 
Published: March 2016

RationaleSelective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are prohibited in sports due to their performance enhancing ability. It is important to investigate the metabolism to determine appropriate targets for doping control. This is the first study where the equine metabolites of SARMs S1, S4 (Andarine) and S22 (Ostarine) have been studied in plasma.MethodsEach SARM was administered to three horses as an intravenous bolus dose and plasma samples were collected. The samples were pretreated with protein precipitation using cold acetonitrile before separation by liquid chromatography. The mass spectrometric analysis was performed using negative electrospray, quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry operated in MSE mode and triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry operated in selected reaction monitoring mode. For the quantification of SARM S1, a deuterated analogue was used as internal standard.ResultsThe numbers of observed metabolites were eight, nine and four for the SARMs S1, S4 and S22, respectively. The major metabolite was formed by the same metabolic reactions for all three SARMs, namely amide hydrolysis, hydroxylation and sulfonation. The values of the determined maximum plasma concentrations were in the range of 97–170 ng/mL for SARM S1, 95–115 ng/mL for SARM S4 and 92–147 ng/mL for SARM S22 and the compounds could be detected for 96 h, 12 h and 18 h, respectively.ConclusionsThe maximum plasma concentration of SARMs S1, S4 and S22 was measured in the first sample (5 min) after administration and they were eliminated fast from plasma. The proposed targets to be used in equine doping control are the parent compounds for all three SARMs, but with the metabolite yielding the highest response as a complementary target. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A zero phase adaptive fuzzy Kalman filter for physiological tremor suppression in robotically assisted minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Sang Hongqiang , Yang Chenghao , Liu Fen , Yun Jintian , Jin Guoguang , Chen Fa 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundHand physiological tremor of surgeons can cause vibration at the surgical instrument tip, which may make it difficult for the surgeon to perform fine manipulations of tissue, needles, and sutures.MethodsA zero phase adaptive fuzzy Kalman filter (ZPAFKF) is proposed to suppress hand tremor and vibration of a robotic surgical system. The involuntary motion can be reduced by adding a compensating signal that has the same magnitude and frequency but opposite phase with the tremor signal.ResultsSimulations and experiments using different filters were performed. Results show that the proposed filter can avoid the loss of useful motion information and time delay, and better suppress minor and varying tremor.ConclusionsThe ZPAFKF can provide less error, preferred accuracy, better tremor estimation, and more desirable compensation performance, to suppress hand tremor and decrease vibration at the surgical instrument tip. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance, cost analysis, and ground segment design of ultra high throughput multi‐spot beam satellite networks applying different capacity enhancing techniques
Authors: Katona Zoltán , Clazzer Federico , Shortt Kevin , Watts Simon , Lexow Hans Peter , Winduratna Ratna 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThere is an ever present demand for increasingly higher data rates in multi‐spot beam satellite networks. This can be enabled, by shifting carrier frequencies to higher bands, such as the Q/V‐band, where more bandwidth is available. Furthermore, the available bandwidth has to be used as efficiently as possible, which requires efficient capacity enhancing techniques. The present paper identifies and analyzes ground segment capacity enhancing techniques for ultra high throughput multi‐spot beam satellite networks operating in Q/V‐band in the feeder link and in Ka‐band in the user link. The impact of several capacity enhancing techniques on system performance is analyzed using a realistic time step‐based system simulator. Their impact on the ground segment costs is also analyzed. The examined capacity enhancing techniques are as follows: (i) reduced carrier spacing with adjacent channel interference cancellation; (ii) full frequency reuse with co‐channel interference cancellation and scheduling; (iii) four different smart gateway diversity techniques and; (iv) employing optical feeder links as an alternative to radio frequency feeder links. The paper shows that these techniques are capable of improving system performance at the expense of an increase in cost related to the complexity and maturity of the applied capacity‐increasing technique. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of seismic performance factors for self‐centering controlled rocking special concentrically braced frame
Authors: Rahgozar Navid , Moghadam Abdolreza S. , Aziminejad Armin 
Published: March 2016

SummaryModern self‐centering controlled rocking special concentrically braced frame (SC‐CR SCBF) is capable of reducing structural damage compared with conventional buildings following an earthquake. This investigation quantifies three seismic performance factors, including over‐strength factor (Ω0), period‐based ductility (μT) and response modification coefficient (R), for low‐ and mid‐rise SC‐CR SCBFs. Nonlinear static analysis is conducted to derive Ω0 and μT factors for 12 SC‐CR archetypes. Validity of trial R coefficient is also evaluated using a collapse‐based assessment procedure by comparing adjusted collapse margin ratios with the established acceptance criteria. Results indicate that the Ω0 and μT factors are in the range of 1.39 to 2.29 and 12.25 to 29.0, respectively, and R of 8 is proposed for design of SC‐CR archetypes. A reliability study is also performed to examine the effects of modeling and ground motion parameters on the safety margin of designed SC‐CR archetypes with the proposed R value. Results indicate that the design of mid‐rise space archetypes in high‐seismicity regions with the R coefficient of 8 is more reliable than that of the low‐rise perimeter ones in low‐seismicity regions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telmisartan ameliorates carbon tetrachloride‐induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Atawia Reem T. , Esmat Ahmed , Elsherbiny Doaa A. , El‐Demerdash Ebtehal 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThis study assessed the potential hepatoprotective effect of telmisartan (TLM), a selective angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced acute hepatotoxity in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of male Wistar rats with CCl4 1 mL kg−1, 1:1 mixture with corn oil for 3 days increased serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase activities as well as total bilirubin, triglycerides and total cholesterol levels. This is in addition to the disrupted histological architecture in the CCl4 group. Rats receiving CCl4 and co‐treated with TLM (3 and 10 mg kg−1, orally) showed ameliorated serum biochemical and histological changes almost to the control level. Nevertheless, rats treated with TLM (1 mg kg−1) didn't show any significant changes compared to CCl4 intoxicated group. In addition, TLM rectified oxidative status disrupted by CCl4 intoxication. Interestingly, TLM protected against CCl4‐induced expressions of nuclear factor‐κB, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase‐II, in a dose related manner. Moreover, TLM (3 and 10 mg kg−1) significantly modified CCl4‐induced elevation in tumor necrosis factor‐α and nitric oxide levels. Furthermore, TLM showed a marked decline in CD68+ cells stained areas and reduced activity of myeloperoxidase enzyme compared to CCl4‐intoxicated group. In conclusion, both doses of TLM (3 and 10 mg kg−1) showed significant hepato‐protective effects. However, TLM at a dose of 10 mg kg−1 didn't show significant efficacy above 3 mg kg−1 which is nearly equivalent to the human anti‐hypertensive dose of 40 mg. Thus, may be effective in guarding against several hepatic complications due to its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 359–370, 2017.
Preference‐based zone selection in 802.16 networks
Authors: Kitroser Itzik , Ben‐Shimol Yehuda 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe examine a new problem called the Zone Selection Problem (ZSP) in wireless Orthogonal Frequency‐Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)‐based systems. We consider the case where the mobile station (MS) informs the base station of its preferences regarding possible working modes supported by the system. In Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) systems, which are used as a practical reference system for constraints and specific modes of operations, each working mode must be assigned at a different time interval called a Zone. Such zone may, in the downlink subframe, define a specific transmission scheme, which can be either single‐input single‐output or one of the multiple‐in multiple‐out (MIMO) modes supported by the system. We define ZSP as a problem where the base station assigns MSs to zones in a way that optimizes the system utilization (in terms of resource usage) while trying to satisfy the preferences of the users as much as possible. This makes ZSP a bi‐objective optimization problem. We derive assignment costs from physical channel models that integrate specific MIMO schemes and channel conditions. We provide an exact solution to ZSP by using a combinatorial optimization abstraction. We propose a simplified and practical mode ranking approach that enables the MS to define its preferences regarding operation in the optional MIMO modes in the system. We prove that ZSP is NP‐hard and describe two heuristic solutions: a greedy approach and a local search approach. Simulation results show the performance of the exact algorithms on a realistic WiMAX system assumptions and present the trade‐off between the user preferences and system preferences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal blade pitch control with realistic preview wind measurements
Authors: Dunne Fiona , Pao Lucy Y. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn above‐rated wind speeds, the goal of a wind turbine blade pitch controller is to regulate rotor speed while minimizing structural loads and pitch actuation. This controller is typically feedback only, relying on a generator speed measurement, and sometimes strain gages and accelerometers. A preview measurement of the incoming wind speed (from a turbine‐mounted lidar, for example) allows the addition of feedforward control, which enables improved performance compared with feedback‐only control. The performance improvement depends both on the amount of preview time available in the wind speed measurement and the coherence between the wind measurement and the wind that is actually experienced by the turbine. We show how to design a collective‐pitch optimal controller that takes both of these factors into account. Simulation results show significant improvement compared with baseline controllers and are well correlated with linear model‐based results. Linear model‐based results show the benefit of preview measurements for various preview times and measurement coherences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.