bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xylem resistance to embolism: presenting a simple diagnostic test for the open vessel artefact
Authors: Torres‐Ruiz José M. , Cochard Hervé , Choat Brendan , Jansen Steven , López Rosana , Tomášková Ivana , Padilla‐Díaz Carmen M. , Badel Eric , Burlett Regis , King Andrew , Lenoir Nicolas , Martin‐StPaul Nicolas K. , Delzon Sylvain 
Published: May 2017

Summary

Xylem vulnerability to embolism represents an essential trait for the evaluation of the impact of hydraulics in plant function and ecology. The standard centrifuge technique is widely used for the construction of vulnerability curves, although its accuracy when applied to species with long vessels remains under debate.

We developed a simple diagnostic test to determine whether the open‐vessel artefact influences centrifuge estimates of embolism resistance. Xylem samples from three species with differing vessel lengths were exposed to less negative xylem pressures via centrifugation than the minimum pressure the sample had previously experienced. Additional calibration was obtained from non‐invasive measurement of embolism on intact olive plants by X‐ray microtomography.

Results showed artefactual decreases in hydraulic conductance (k) for samples with open vessels when exposed to a less negative xylem pressure than the minimum pressure they had previously experienced. X‐Ray microtomography indicated that most of the embolism formation in olive occurs at xylem pressures below −4.0 MPa, reaching 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity at −5.3 MPa.

The artefactual reductions in k induced by centrifugation underestimate embolism resistance data of species with long vessels. A simple test is suggested to avoid this open vessel artefact and to ensure the reliability of this technique in future studies.
Profiling the Location and Extent of Musicians’ Pain Using Digital Pain Drawings
Authors: Cruder Cinzia , Falla Deborah , Mangili Francesca , Azzimonti Laura , Araújo Liliana S. , Williamon Aaron , Barbero Marco 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsAccording to existing literature, musicians are at risk of experiencing a range of painful musculoskeletal conditions. Recently, a novel digital technology was developed to investigate pain location and pain extent. The aim of this study was to describe pain location and pain extent in musicians using a digital method for pain drawing (PD) analysis. Additionally, the association between PD variables and clinical features were explored in musicians with pain.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐eight musicians (90 women and 68 men; aged 22.4 ± 3.6 years) were recruited from Swiss and U.K. conservatories. Participants were asked to complete a survey including both background musical information and clinical features, the QuickDASH (QD) questionnaire, and the digital PDs.ResultsOf the 158 participants, 126 musicians (79.7%) reported having pain, with higher prevalence in the areas of the neck and shoulders, the lower back, and the right arm. The mean percentage of pain extent was 3.1% ± 6.5%. The mean QD score was higher for musicians with pain than for those without pain. Additionally, the results indicated a positive correlation between the QD score and pain extent, and there were significant correlations between age and pain intensity, as well as between pain extent and pain intensity.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of pain among musicians has been confirmed using a digital technique for PD acquisition and analysis. In addition, positive correlations between pain extent and upper limb disability have been demonstrated. Our findings highlight the need for effective prevention and treatment strategies for musicians.
Observational Coding Systems of Parent–Child Interactions During Painful Procedures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bai Jinbing , Swanson Kristen M. , Santacroce Sheila J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundParent interactions with their child can influence the child's pain and distress during painful procedures. Reliable and valid interaction analysis systems (IASs) are valuable tools for capturing these interactions. The extent to which IASs are used in observational research of parent‐child interactions is unknown in pediatric populations.ObjectivesTo identify and evaluate studies that focus on assessing psychometric properties of initial iterations/publications of observational coding systems of parent‐child interactions during painful procedures.MethodsTo identify and evaluate studies that focus on assessing psychometric properties of initial iterations/publications of observational coding systems of parent‐child interactions during painful procedures. Computerized databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, and Scopus. Timeframes covered from inception of the database to January 2017. Studies were included if they reported use or psychometrics of parent‐child IASs. First assessment was whether the parent‐child IASs were theory‐based; next, using the Society of Pediatric Psychology Assessment Task Force criteria IASs were assigned to one of three categories: well‐established, approaching well‐established, or promising.ResultsA total of 795 studies were identified through computerized searches. Eighteen studies were ultimately determined to be eligible for inclusion in the review and 17 parent‐child IASs were identified from these 18 studies. Among the 17 coding systems, 14 were suitable for use in children age 3 years or more; two were theory‐based; and 11 included verbal and nonverbal parent behaviors that promoted either child coping or child distress. Four IASs were assessed as well‐established; seven approached well‐established; and six were promising.ConclusionsFindings indicate a need for the development of theory‐based parent‐child IASs that consider both verbal and nonverbal parent behaviors during painful procedures. Findings also suggest a need for further testing of those parent‐child IASs deemed “approaching well‐established” or “promising”.
Novel Clinical Observations on Benign Cephalic Histiocytosis in a Large Series
Authors: Polat Ekinci Algün , Buyukbabani Nesimi , Baykal Can 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesBenign cephalic histiocytosis (BCH) is a rare form of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis in infants and young children characterized by self‐healing macules and papules occurring primarily in the head and neck region. So far there have been nearly 60 reported cases in the English‐language literature.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we evaluated clinical features and follow‐up data of 11 patients diagnosed with BCH between 2004 and 2016 in the Department of Dermatovenereology, Istanbul Medical Faculty.ResultsThere were 5 girls and 6 boys (median age 24 months, range 9–72 months). The median age at the onset of lesions was 8 months (range 3–36 months). The lesions first appeared on the face in 10 patients and on the trunk in 1. Proximal parts of the extremities and trunk were also involved in nine patients (81.8%). Patients were categorized into two groups based on their clinical features; five had 20 to 30 predominantly red‐brown dome‐shaped papules and six had 50 to hundreds of yellow‐brown or predominantly pinkish brown flat papules. Four patients were lost to follow‐up. In seven patients with a mean follow‐up of 5 years, four had nearly complete resolution and three showed remarkable regression without treatment.ConclusionWith 11 additional cases from a single center, BCH seems to be an underrecognized disease. Its clinical presentation is not uniform. Considering that most of the patients in this series and those previously reported had extracephalic involvement, the term “cephalic” needs to be reevaluated.
When dyspnea gets worse: Suffocation fear and the dynamics of defensive respiratory responses to increasing interoceptive threat
Authors: Benke Christoph , Hamm Alfons O. , Pané‐Farré Christiane A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn patients with anxiety and/or respiratory diseases, body sensations, particularly from the respiratory system, may increase in intensity and aversiveness and thus lead into defensive action (e.g., escape) or panic. The processes, however, that might contribute to the culmination of symptoms and the switch into defensive action have not been well understood yet. The current study aimed at evaluating an experimental paradigm to characterize the dynamics of defensive mobilization to body sensations increasing in intensity and aversiveness. Persons reporting low and high suffocation fear (SF; N = 69) were exposed to increasingly unpleasant feelings of dyspnea induced by inspiratory resistive loads and a breathing occlusion requiring voluntary breath holding. Respiratory responses were assessed along with subjective reports of anxiety and panic symptoms. Presentation of respiratory loads with increasing physical resistance led to increasingly unpleasant feelings of dyspnea. Twenty‐eight participants terminated the exposure prematurely at least once. When dyspnea was severe, high compared to low SF persons exhibited an increased respiratory rate that was accompanied by reports of more intense panic symptoms. Premature terminations of exposure were preceded by a surge in anxiety, breathing frequency, and mouth pressure, and a decrease in tidal volume. We successfully established an experimental paradigm to assess changes in defensive responding with increasing intensity of an interoceptive threat. The current data foster our understanding of behavioral expression patterns observed in patients with anxiety and/or respiratory diseases and the processes involved in the culmination of bodily sensations and anxiety into panic.
Remarkable variability in dyke features at the Vicuña Pampa Volcanic Complex, Southern Central Andes
Authors: Guzmán Silvina , Neri Marco , Carniel Roberto , Martí Joan , Grosse Pablo , Montero‐López Carolina , Geyer Adelina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDykes at the Vicuña Pampa Volcanic Complex, which are mostly basaltic (trachy)‐andesite and (trachy)‐andesite, are exposed at the base and along the walls of a large depression resulting from intense degradation. Dykes intruding stiff layers (lavas, plugs and necks) are thin, mostly dip >60° and have coherent textures, whereas dykes intruding more compliant materials (breccias and conglomerates) tend to be thicker, have lower dips and have coherent, brecciated or mixed textures (coherent and brecciated textural domains in a single or compound dyke). Single dykes with brecciated and mixed textures are only found intruding near‐surface units. Dykes with mixed textures always have sharp contacts between domains. Dykes with sinuous domain contacts and enclaves of one domain inside the other are interpreted as resulting from dyke arrest, partial cooling and reinjection of new magma. Dykes with straight domain contacts are considered to be compound dykes, with a new dyke intruding along the margins of an older, solidified one.
Objective evaluation of analyzer performance based on a retrospective meta‐analysis of instrument validation studies: point‐of‐care hematology analyzers
Authors: Cook Andrea M. , Moritz Andreas , Freeman Kathleen P. , Bauer Natali 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundInformation on quality requirements and objective evaluation of performance of veterinary point‐of‐care analyzers (POCAs) is scarce.ObjectivesThe study was aimed at assessing observed total errors (TEobss) for veterinary hematology POCAs via meta‐analysis and comparing TEobs to allowable total error (TEa) specifications based on experts′ opinions.MethodsThe TEobs for POCAs (impedance and laser‐based) was calculated based on data from instrument validation studies published between 2006 and 2013 as follows: TEobs = 2 × CV [%] + bias [%]. The CV was taken from published studies; the bias was estimated from the regression equation at 2 different concentration levels of measurands. To fulfill quality requirements, TEobs should be < TEa. Measurands were considered as globally acceptable if > 60% of analyzers showed TEobs < TEa.ResultsSix studies evaluating 11 analyzers and 5 studies evaluating 5 analyzers were included for canine and feline hematology variables, respectively. For the CBC, TEobs was < 15% for canine and < 13% for feline measurands, except for HGB and platelet counts. Measurands of the CBC, excluding differential WBC and platelet counts, and HGB concentration were considered globally acceptable. For most of the cell types in the WBC differential count, TEobs was > TEa (data from 3 analyzers).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis is considered a pilot study. Experts′ requirements (TEobs < TEa) were fulfilled for most measurands except HGB (due to instrument‐related bias for the ADVIA 2120) and platelet counts. Available data on the WBC differential count suggest an analytic bias, so nonstatistical quality control is recommended.
Are there ethical differences between stopping and not starting blood safety measures?
Authors: Kramer K. , Verweij M. F. , Zaaijer H. L. 
Published: May 2017

Background and ObjectivesConcern with the costs of blood safety is growing, which raises the question whether safety measures that reduce risk only marginally should be discontinued. Withdrawing such safety measures would allow reallocating resources to more efficient health care interventions, but it might raise moral objections.Materials and MethodsThis study evaluates two ethical arguments why discontinuing blood safety measures would be more objectionable than not implementing them. The first argument is that whereas withdrawing protective measures causes harm to patients, not starting protective measures ‘merely’ omits to prevent harm. The second argument is that patients who benefit from protective measures are historically entitled to the continuation of those protective measures.ResultsBoth arguments are unconvincing. There is only a weak causal connection between removing blood safety measures and harms that transfusion recipients suffer. Moreover, patients are not entitled to the continuation of protective measures that prove very inefficient, unless applying these protective measures rectifies past injustice towards them.ConclusionUnless stronger ethical objections can be found, blood system operators and regulators should be more willing to withdraw inefficient safety measures.
Characterization of Mycobacterium marinum infections in zebrafish wounds and sinus tracts
Authors: Chen Ling , Liu Zhen , Su Yingjun , Wang Di , Yin Bin , Shu Bin , Zhang Jishen , Zhu Xiaoyan , Jia Chiyu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe impaired healing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis–infected wounds is a clinical challenge, and the mechanisms involved are still not clear. The zebrafish model of Mycobacterium marinum infection has provided surprising insights into the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in humans. Similarly, the major principles and phases of cutaneous wound healing are conserved among adult mammals and adult zebrafish. Here, we injected Mycobacterium marinum into the dorsal muscles of adult zebrafish and observed the development of chronic wound pathology. Deep sequencing showed that gene expression related to muscles was down‐regulated, whereas expressions of the IL‐1β, TNF‐α, dram1 genes and the transcript of mir1‐2 gene were up‐regulated in infected wounds of zebrafish compared with control zebrafish. Muscles are immune‐responsive tissues. Thus, muscles may play a role in the anti–Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunologic process, which leads to apoptosis of the infected muscle cell and formation of the subcutaneous sinus tract.
A rare case of an acute soleus arcade syndrome complicated by a ganglion cyst: diagnosis by dynamic ultrasound
Authors: Gruber Leonhard , Loizides Alexander , Klien Stephanie , Trieb Thomas , Koller Michael , Löscher Wolfgang , Gruber Hannes 
Published: May 2017

The soleus arcade syndrome is a rare compression neuropathy of the tibial nerve that often remains undiagnosed due to low clinical awareness and difficult diagnosis. We present the case of a female patient admitted with acute worsening of a pre-existing sensory tibial neuropathy and acute tibial nerve palsy after knee joint injection. After a knee magnetic resonance imaging remained non-diagnostic, dynamic ultrasonography was performed. Constriction by the soleus arcade and proximal swelling of the tibial nerve could be demonstrated during plantarflexion of the ankle by means of a dynamic examination in the standing patient. The patient underwent surgery and recovered fully. This proposed diagnostic approach can be used to identify soleus arcade syndrome by ultrasound.
A Polymerization-Associated Structural Switch in FtsZ That Enables Treadmilling of Model Filaments
Authors: Wagstaff James M. , Tsim Matthew , Oliva María A. , García-Sanchez Alba , Kureisaite-Ciziene Danguole , Andreu José Manuel , Löwe Jan 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Bacterial cell division in many organisms involves a constricting cytokinetic ring that is orchestrated by the tubulin-like protein FtsZ. FtsZ forms dynamic filaments close to the membrane at the site of division that have recently been shown to treadmill around the division ring, guiding septal wall synthesis. Here, using X-ray crystallography of
Staphylococcus aureus
FtsZ (SaFtsZ), we reveal how an FtsZ can adopt two functionally distinct conformations, open and closed. The open form is found in SaFtsZ filaments formed in crystals and also in soluble filaments of
Escherichia coli
FtsZ as deduced by electron cryomicroscopy. The closed form is found within several crystal forms of two nonpolymerizing SaFtsZ mutants and corresponds to many previous FtsZ structures from other organisms. We argue that FtsZ’s conformational switch is polymerization-associated, driven by the formation of the longitudinal intersubunit interfaces along the filament. We show that such a switch provides explanations for both how treadmilling may occur within a single-stranded filament and why filament assembly is cooperative.

IMPORTANCE
The FtsZ protein is a key molecule during bacterial cell division. FtsZ forms filaments that organize cell membrane constriction, as well as remodeling of the cell wall, to divide cells. FtsZ functions through nucleotide-driven filament dynamics that are poorly understood at the molecular level. In particular, mechanisms for cooperative assembly (nonlinear dependency on concentration) and treadmilling (preferential growth at one filament end and loss at the other) have remained elusive. Here, we show that most likely all FtsZ proteins have two distinct conformations, a “closed” form in monomeric FtsZ and an “open” form in filaments. The conformational switch that occurs upon polymerization explains cooperativity and, in concert with polymerization-dependent nucleotide hydrolysis, efficient treadmilling of FtsZ polymers.
The Fitness of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Quorum Sensing Signal Cheats Is Influenced by the Diffusivity of the Environment
Authors: Mund Anne , Diggle Stephen P. , Harrison Freya 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Experiments examining the social dynamics of bacterial quorum sensing (QS) have focused on mutants which do not respond to signals and the role of QS-regulated exoproducts as public goods. The potential for QS signal molecules to themselves be social public goods has received much less attention. Here, we analyze how signal-deficient (
lasI
) mutants of the opportunistic pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
interact with wild-type cells in an environment where QS is required for growth. We show that when growth requires a “private” intracellular metabolic mechanism activated by the presence of QS signal,
lasI
mutants act as social cheats and outcompete signal-producing wild-type bacteria in mixed cultures, because they can exploit the signals produced by wild-type cells. However, reducing the ability of signal molecules to diffuse through the growth medium results in signal molecules becoming less accessible to mutants, leading to reduced cheating. Our results indicate that QS signal molecules can be considered social public goods in a way that has been previously described for other exoproducts but that spatial structuring of populations reduces exploitation by noncooperative signal cheats.

IMPORTANCE
Bacteria communicate via signaling molecules to regulate the expression of a whole range of genes. This process, termed quorum sensing (QS), moderates bacterial metabolism under many environmental conditions, from soil and water (where QS-regulated genes influence nutrient cycling) to animal hosts (where QS-regulated genes determine pathogen virulence). Understanding the ecology of QS could therefore yield vital clues to how we might modify bacterial behavior for environmental or clinical gains. Here, we demonstrate that QS signals act as shareable public goods. This means that their evolution, and therefore population-level responses to interference with QS, will be constrained by population structure. Further, we show that environmental structure (constraints on signal diffusion) alters the accessibility of QS signals and demonstrates that we need to consider population and environmental structure to help us further our understanding of QS signaling systems.