bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pittsburgh response to endovascular therapy score as a pre-treatment prognostic tool: External validation in Trevo2
Authors: Ali Raza Syed , Xiang Bin , Jovin Tudor G , Liebeskind David S , Shields Ryan , Nogueira Raul G , Rangaraju Srikant 
Published: November 2016

Background Optimal patient selection is needed to maximize the therapeutic benefit of endovascular therapy for large vessel occlusion stroke. Aims To validate the Pittsburgh response to endovascular therapy (PRE) score in a randomized controlled trial (Trevo2) comparing stent retriever (Trevo) to the Merci device. Methods Trevo2 participants with internal carotid, M1 and M2 middle cerebral artery occlusions with prospectively collected baseline stroke severity (NIHSS), degree of hypodensity (CT ASPECTS), and three-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were included. Multivariable regression was used to confirm association between PRE score variables (age, NIHSS, and ASPECTS), medical comorbidities, randomization arm, and reperfusion status (mTICI2B/3) with good outcome (three-month modified Rankin Scale 0–2). Predictive power (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) for good outcome of pre-treatment prognostic scores (PRE, THRIVE, HIAT2) was compared. Rates of good outcome were compared between successfully reperfused (mTICI2B/3) and non-reperfused (mTICI0-2A) patients across previously identified PRE score risk groups. Results Age, NIHSS, ASPECTS, reperfusion status, and randomization arm were independent predictors of good outcome. PRE score had moderate predictive power (AUC = 0.75) for good outcome and was comparable to other pre-treatment scores. Reperfusion resulted in maximal treatment benefit in patients with PRE score 0–24 (60% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.002) but not in those with PRE ≥50 (11.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.49). Conclusion The PRE score is a validated predictor of functional outcome and a tool for patient selection for endovascular therapy in anterior large vessel occlusion stroke. Our finding of limited benefit of reperfusion in patients with PRE score ≥50 needs to be prospectively validated.
Differential Gene Dosage Effects of Diabetes-Associated Gene GLIS3 in Pancreatic β Cell Differentiation and Function
Authors: Yang Yisheng , Bush Sean P. , Wen Xianjie , Cao Wei , Chan Lawrence 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMutations of GLI-similar 3 (GLIS3) underlie a neonatal diabetes syndrome. Genome-wide association studies revealed that GLIS3 variants are associated with both common type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Global Glis3-deficient (Glis3−/−) mice die of severe diabetes shortly after birth. GLIS3 controls islet differentiation by transactivating neurogenin 3 (Ngn3). To unravel the function of Glis3 in adults, we generated inducible global Glis3-deficient mice (Glis3fl/fl/RosaCreERT2). Tamoxifen (TAM)-treated Glis3fl/fl/RosaCreERT2 mice developed severe diabetes, which was reproduced in TAM-treated β cell–specific Glis3fl/fl/Pdx1CreERT mice, but not in TAM-treated Glis3fl/fl/MipCreERT mice. Furthermore, we generated constitutive β cell– or pancreas-specific Glis3-deficient mice using either RipCre (Glis3fl/fl/RipCre) or Pdx1Cre (Glis3fl/fl/Pdx1Cre) coexpressing mice. We observed that, remarkably, neither type of β cell– or pancreas-specific Glis3-deficient mice phenocopied the lethal neonatal diabetes observed in Glis3−/− mice. All Glis3fl/fl/RipCre mice survived to adulthood with normal glucose tolerance. Thirty percent of Glis3fl/fl/Pdx1Cre mice developed severe diabetes at 3 to 4 weeks of age, whereas 55% of them developed mild diabetes with age. In contrast to the &gt;90% reduction of Ngn3 and near-total absence of insulin (Ins) in the embryonic pancreas of Glis3−/− mice, we found only 75%–80% reduction of Ngn3 and Ins messenger RNA or protein expression in the fetal pancreas of Glis3fl/fl/Pdx1Cre mice. The expression levels of Ngn3 and Ins correlated negatively with the extent of Cre-mediated Glis3 deletion. These mouse models are powerful tools to decipher Glis3 gene dosage effects and the role of GLIS3 mutations/variants in a spectrum of β cell dysfunction in people.
Interaction of Isoflurane, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and β-Amyloid on Long-term Potentiation in Rat Hippocampal Slices
Authors: Zhou Ran , Bickler Philip 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:
The relationship between inhalational anesthetics such as isoflurane and cognitive impairment in the elderly is controversial. Both β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), associated with Alzheimer disease, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a proinflammatory stress-related peptide, impair the synaptic function. We hypothesized that transient exposure to isoflurane and these peptides would impair synaptic function, manifest as a depression of long-term potentiation (LTP) and paired pulse facilitation (PPF), in the rat hippocampus.

METHODS:
Hippocampal slices were prepared from 3- to 4-week-old male Wistar rats. Preliminary experiments identified minimal concentrations of Aβ1–42 peptide and TNF-α that produced statistically detectable suppressing effects on LTP (600 nM Aβ1–42 and 5 ng/mL TNF-α). These concentrations of peptides were applied to slices alone, with 1.5% isoflurane, or in combination for 1 hour and then washed out. Measurements of LTP (field excitatory postsynaptic potentials [fEPSPs]) from neurons in the CA1 area by stimulation of the Schaffer-Collateral pathway were made after high-frequency stimulation (100 Hz, 1 second). Analysis of variance with correction for multiple comparisons was used to compare LTP under steady-state conditions and averaged for the 40- to 60-minute period after LTP induction.

RESULTS:
EPSP amplitude after LTP induction was 155% ± 9% of baseline and was not affected by isoflurane exposure and washout (150% ± 4% of baseline, P = .47). Both Aβ1–42 and TNF-α reduced LTP by approximately 15% compared with control (129% ± 7% and 131% ± 11% of baseline respectively, means ± SD, both P < .001). When Aβ1–42 was combined with isoflurane, LTP was not impaired (151% ± 9% of control, P = .85), but isoflurane had no effect on LTP depression caused by TNF-α or a combination of Aβ and TNF-α.

CONCLUSIONS:
Brief exposure to isoflurane prevents rather than impairs the decrease in LTP caused by Aβ1–42 in rat hippocampus. In contrast, isoflurane had no effect on synaptic impairment caused by TNF-α or a combination of TNF-α and Aβ. Although this is an in vitro study and translation to clinical medicine requires additional work, the interactions of isoflurane, Aβ, and TNF-α revealed here could have implications for patients with Alzheimer disease or perioperative neuroinflammation.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Bryophytes: 12
Authors: Klazenga Niels 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe following three names of bryophytes are recommended for conservation: Leptodontium proliferum against Tortula umbrosa, Vesicularia (Müll. Hal.) Müll. Hal. against Vesicularia P. Micheli ex Targ. Tozz. and Bryum pallescens against Hypnum boreale. The following two names are not recommended for conservation: Gertrudia validinervis against Barbula uncinicoma and Webera tenuifolia against Bryum humile.
Phylogenetic relationships of enigmatic Sphingiphila (Bignoniaceae) based on molecular and wood anatomical data
Authors: Pace Marcelo R. , Zuntini Alexandre R. , Lohmann Lúcia G. , Angyalossy Veronica 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSphingiphila is a monospecific genus, endemic to the Bolivian and Paraguayan Chaco, a semi‐arid lowland region. The circumscription of Sphingiphila has been controversial since the genus was first described. Sphingiphila tetramera is perhaps the most enigmatic taxon of Bignoniaceae due to the presence of very unusual morphological features, such as simple leaves, thorn‐tipped branches, and tetramerous, actinomorphic flowers, making its tribal placement within the family uncertain. Here we combined molecular and wood anatomical data to determine the placement of Sphingiphila within the family. The analyses of a large ndhF dataset, which included members of all Bignoniaceae tribes, placed Sphingiphila within Bignonieae. A second, smaller ndhF and pepC dataset, which included only members of tribe Bignonieae, placed the genus within Tanaecium. Unlike most macro‐morphological traits, Sphingiphila is not unusual within Bignoniaceae from a wood anatomical point of view. Sphingiphila shares the presence of narrow vessels and vasicentric to aliform confluent parenchyma with the rest of the family. In addition, Sphingiphila has several specific wood anatomical traits, such as vessels in a diagonal to tangential arrangement, small intervessel pits, and non‐storied heterocellular rays with occasional perforated ray cells. These features suggest that the genus is best placed either in Tecomeae s.str. or Bignonieae, with a better placement in Bignonieae due to its abundant parenchyma, despite lacking the cambial variant synapomorphic for this group. Sphingiphila and Tanaecium form a clade that is strongly supported by molecular characters, including two indels that are molecular synapomorphies of this clade. In addition, careful morphological inspections show that S. tetramera shares with Tanaecium the subulate, bromeliad‐like prophylls, the most evident synapomorphy of this genus apart from long, tubular, villose corollas, and a lepidote ovary. Given the molecular phylogenetic placement of S. tetramera and its macro‐morphological and wood anatomical similarities with Tanaecium, we propose the new combination Tanaecium tetramerum.
An Optimal Path Model for the Risk-Averse Traveler
Authors: Zhang Leilei , Homem-de-Mello Tito 
Published: November 2016

In this paper we discuss stochastic optimal path problems where the goal is to find a path that has minimal expected cost and at the same time is less risky (in terms of travel time) than a given benchmark path. The model is suitable for a risk-averse traveler who prefers a path with a more guaranteed travel time to another path that could be faster but could also be slower. Such risk attitude is incorporated using the concept of second order stochastic dominance constraints. A recently developed theory for optimization problems with stochastic dominance constraints ensures that the resulting problem can be written as a large linear integer program with binary variables; for networks of realistic size, however, such a direct approach is not practical because of the size of the resulting optimization problem. Moreover, the solution returned by the model may contain cycles, which is clearly undesirable from a practical perspective. A number of strategies are explored to solve the problem. First, we prove that cycles can be prevented by a simple modification of the model if the arc travel times are mutually independent. We then propose a sample average approximation approach to the problem using samples from the distribution of travel times. Because of the randomness resulting from sampling, it is important that statistical guarantees for the solution returned by the algorithm be given, and we provide heuristic procedures to deal with stochastic constraints. We also incorporate a branch-and-cut approach that exploits the structure of the problem to deal with the integrality constraints more efficiently. We present some numerical experiments for a 1,522-arc system that corresponds to a large portion of the Chicago area network. The results show that our approach can solve the problem very effectively, producing solutions with statistical guarantees of optimality within a reasonable computational time.
Navigating the midwifery undergraduate programme: Is resilience the key?
Authors: Williams Jacqui 
Published: November 2016

Background: Student midwives face a number of challenges during their pre-registration programme, both academically and in clinical practice. Aims: This pilot study aimed to examine the role that resilience might play in supporting student midwives to continue on the midwifery undergraduate programme. Method: Five second-year student midwives volunteered to take part in the pilot. All five students completed Wagnild's updated True Resilience Scale (TRS), and partipated in a focus group and a one-to-one interview. Findings: One participant scored ‘moderate’ on the TRS, three ‘moderately high’ and one ‘high’. Six main themes emerged from the focus group and interviews: defining and recognising resilience; building and developing resilience through reflection; developing resilience through positive and negative encounters on the midwifery programme; the relevance of significant others; transferable resilience; and different styles of resilience. Conclusions: The pilot offered insights into the significance of resilience and student midwives that will contribute to the main study. This initial study has generated some findings that are reflected in the broader resilience literature. The characteristics of resilience were articulated and the data contained examples of a range of challenges and the role resilience might play. This pilot is to be followed up by a study that will follow one cohort over the first 18 months of the midwifery programme to get a longitudinal view of the midwifery students' resilience.
Survival following operative management of gastric linitis plastica compared with non-operative management
Authors: Thompson RJ , Ranaghan L , Kennedy R , Clements WDB , Carey PD , Kennedy JA 
Published: November 2016

INTRODUCTION Linitis plastica (LP) is a particular subtype of diffuse gastric cancer and is thought to have a very poor prognosis. The operative approach in patients with LP has historically been questioned because of the poor outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the current outcomes in LP patients who undergo radical resection. METHODS Patients with a new diagnosis of diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma between 2006 and 2010 were identified from a regional pathology database. LP was diagnosed based on histological, radiological and endoscopic findings. The patients’ health records were analysed retrospectively and mortality data obtained from a regional cancer registry. The primary outcome assessed was overall survival. RESULTS Overall, 273 patients with diffuse gastric cancer were identified; 54 of these were diagnosed with LP. In the LP cohort, 17 patients underwent resection compared with 95 of the 219 patients in the non-LP group. The median survival following resection in patients with LP was 16.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.3–25.1) while in LP patients who did not have surgery it was 3.6 months (95% CI: 2.2–4.9 months) (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in survival following resection between those with LP and those with non-LP diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma (median: 23.9 months, 95% CI: 15.8–32.1 months) (p=0.331). CONCLUSIONS Survival following resection in patients with LP is not significantly different to that in those with non-LP diffuse gastric cancer. A preoperative diagnosis of LP should not be a reason for denying radical treatment and such individuals should be managed in the same way as any other patient with diffuse gastric cancer.
Mediacentric spaces and physical spaces in minority language use: A case study on the Basque language press
Authors: Salces-Alcalde Gorka , Amezaga Josu 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In an era when the relationship between communications and physical spaces has been deeply modified, one must wonder about how these changes affect the dynamics of minority languages whose speakers are scattered throughout the territory of a hegemonic language. Joshua Fishman’s concept of ‘physical breathing space’ refers to the need of these languages to have a dense space available to them, where the language’s reproduction is in some way guaranteed. By analysing a case study on Basque language press, we will try to understand how mediacentric spaces can act as such breathing spaces. Choosing the printed press as our subject allows us to examine the correlation between the density of speakers and circulation of media. The analysis is completed with a set of in-depth interviews that illustrate some attitudes towards media in Basque among speakers in environments with a low density.
The impact of the Ebola Virus and rare diseases in the media and the perception of risk in Spain
Authors: Carretón Ballester Maria Carmen , López Villafranca Paloma 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This study analysed the role played by the media in social perceptions about the risk of infection from rare diseases and Ebola. For this purpose, a content analysis was carried out on 479 news items on Ebola in 2014 and on 28 news items on rare diseases in 2013, all coming from the most widely circulated newspapers in Spain: El País and El Mundo. The findings enabled us to state that the media play an important role in the perception of social risk from both these issues (Ebola–Rare Diseases): on the one hand, because of intrinsic factors of the media themselves and journalistic routines and, on the other hand, because of the role played by politicians as an external factor. In addition, news about the spreading and the fatal consequences of Ebola lead to it being considered as a ‘terrible risk’ disease, whereas news about other rare diseases and the damage they can cause define them as of ‘unknown risk’.
How Nazi press instructions framed German perceptions of the Spanish Civil War
Authors: Wilke Jürgen 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article examines the measures taken by the German Nazi government to regulate and frame the coverage of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1039) in the German press. Primarily they did this through instructions issued at press conferences for the Berlin correspondents of the German newspapers. Although the journalists were forced to destroy their notes of these verbal instructions, some did not follow this command, preserving the written directives. In total, around 500 instructions reference the Spanish Civil War. In the beginning, the German press was asked to remain reluctant concerning the conflict; however, the Spanish Nationalists eventually overcame the Republicans. One of the permanent topics addressed by the Nazi propaganda ministry was foreign intervention in the Spanish Civil War. German intervention in the conflict was continually denied, particularly when German aircrafts bombarded the Basque town of Guernica on 26 April 1937, one of the most heinous war crimes prior to World War II. On the whole, the press instructions presented a distorted picture, full of deceit and hypocrisy. The brutal reality of war was omitted or completely glossed over in the German press.
Reviews
Authors: Araüna Núria , Cobo Jesús , de Vuyst Sara , Ruiz Alejandra Hernández , Oroz Elena , Russell Elizabeth 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
THE UNLEASHED SCANDAL: THE END OF CONTROL IN THE DIGITAL AGE, BERNHARD POERKSEN AND HANNE DETEL (2014) Exeter: Imprint Academic, 225 pp., ISBN: 9781845407193, p/bk, £14.95
DE LA NECROPOLÍTICA NEOLIBERAL A LA EMPATÍA RADICAL: VIOLENCIA DISCRETA, CUERPOS EXCLUIDOS Y REPOLITIZACIÓN, CLARA VALVERDE GEFAELL (2015) Barcelona: Editorial Icària, 144 pp., ISBN: 9788498886825, paperback, 13€
GENDER AND MEDIA: REPRESENTING, PRODUCING, CONSUMING, TONNY KRIJNEN AND SOFIE VAN BAUWEL (2015) London and New York: Routledge, 208 pp., ISBN: 9780415695404, p/bk, £24.99
MUJERES EN MEDIO(S): PROPUESTAS PARA ANALIZAR LA COMUNICACIÓN MASIVA CON PERSPECTIVA DE GÉNERO, ASUNCIÓN BERNÁRDEZ RODAL (2015) Madrid: Editorial Fundamentos, 280 pp., ISBN: 9788424513115, p/bk, 20€
DIRECTORAS DE CINE EN ESPAÑA Y AMÉRICA LATINA: NUEVAS VOCES Y MIRADAS, PIETSIE FEENSTRA, ESTHER GIMENO UGALDE AND KATHRIN SARTINGEN (EDS) (2014) Frankfurt and Main: Peter Lang, 458 pp., ISBN: 9783631628591, h/bk, $97.95
CATARACT, JOHN BERGER (2011) London: Notting Hill Editions, 65 pp., ISBN: 9781907903328, h/bk, $22.00
It takes more than a village!: Transnational travels of Spanish anarchism in Argentina and Cuba
Authors: Ackelsberg Martha A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Spanish anarchists travelled to and from both Argentina and Cuba in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, bringing with them not only ideology, but press, pamphlets and organizing strategies. Spanish immigrants and visitors played important roles in the development of the labour movement and anarchist women’s movement in each country. It is true that the movement in Spain was unique, in the sense that it attained a massive following and played a prominent role in a profound social revolution. But it is also the case that ideas and practices from Spain found fertile ground and exercised a deep influence on labour movements in Cuba and Argentina. And the experiences of Spanish exiles in Argentina and Cuba, in turn, influenced the movements in Spain. The ‘travels’ of Spanish anarchism suggest that anarchist internationalism was a transnational reality, one critical to the development of movements on both sides of the Atlantic.
Anarquismo Nietzscheano y El Periódico Anticristo
Authors: Andújar Francisco José Fernández 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
En 1906 apareció en La Línea (Cádiz) un periódico anarquista de filosofía e inspiración nietzscheana titulado El Anticristo, del que solo conservamos dos números, que se anuncia con una periodicidad quincenal. Para su contextualización, expondremos la filosofía de Nietzsche en relación al anarquismo, la opinión de este autor respecto a los anarquistas, y cómo el movimiento libertario asume partes del pensamiento y personalidad del filósofo alemán. Como referencia del anarquismo nietzscheano español, analizaremos el contenido de este periódico, la gran influencia que tuvo, los temas de sus artículos. Finalmente, se señalará la ascendencia de esta publicación y en general del nietzscheanismo anarquista español en posteriores y distintos pensadores del movimiento libertario ibérico.
Party system (de-)institutionalization and the economic crisis: Insights from the Italian case
Authors: Lisi Marco 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article examines party system change in Italy after the emergence of the economic crisis, focusing on the radical shift experienced with the 2013 general elections. By considering several indicators such as party system fragmentation, electoral volatility, issues of competition and patterns of government, this study provides a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the main dimensions of change and continuity experienced by the Italian party system over the last decades. The article argues that the economic crisis was only partially responsible for the instability of the party system, while long-term factors of erosion were crucial to foster party system change. In particular, the crisis of party organizations contributed to the success of new actors, the regeneration of party leadership and the emergence of new patterns of government. The Italian case thus offers interesting insights on the concept of party system deinstitutionalization and on the interaction between institutional change, party strategies and electoral dynamics.
Book Review
Authors: Rezola Maria Inácia 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
FAREWELL TO EMPIRE: HISTORY, MEMORY AND DECOLONIZATION, M. MACHAQUEIRO, P. A. OLIVEIRA AND F. ROSAS (2015)
O Adeus ao Império: 40 Anos de Descolonização Portuguesa/Farewell to Empire: 40 Years of Portuguese Decolonization, Lisbon: Nova Vega. ISBN: 9789897500404, 260 pp., €21.20 (p/bk)