bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUGGESTED DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS FOR MAMMOGRAPHY X‑RAY EXAMINATION IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Dellie Seife Teferi , Rao A. Durga Prasada 
Published: October 2016

<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> A diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) form an efficient, concise, and powerful standard for optimizing the radiation protection of a patient. OBJECTIVES: To establish the first Ethiopian mammography diagnostic reference level (DRL) as a part of ongoing dose reduction program. <strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> A cross‑sectional study was conducted on breast patients having compressed breast thickness (CBT) between 3.7 cm to 5.3 cm in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Five mammographic units and 755 mammograms were included in the study period. The mean glandular dose (MGD) was assessed for standard size breast substituted by different polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantoms and imaged under typical clinical conditions in two mammography units. Peak kilo voltage (kVp) and entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) were measured using calibrated digital dosimeter Mult‑O‑Meter Unfors, model 535L, Sweden. The data were analyzed statistically. <strong>RESULT:</strong> The 3rd quartile value of all mammography units and that of private mammography units were found to be 2.37 and 1.73 milligray (mGy), respectively. Hospitals 3rd quartile values of MGD ranges between 1.57 to 7.21 mGy. The MDG based on 4.0 cm polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) measurements was found to be 1.5 mGy. <strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Both phantom and patient dose values indicated unnecessary high doses in one government mammography unit. For this mammography unit, urgent dose‑reduction measures and follow‑up actions were recommended. </p>
A CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVALUATION OF PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR FROM A GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL, INDIA: CONVENTIONAL METHODS-STILL A THUMBS UP?
Authors: Sharma Yukti , Jain Sanjay , Chandra Kapil , Munegowda K. C. 
Published: October 2016

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Malassezia furfur, the etiologic agent of pityriasis versicolor (PV), is a superficially occurring, benign, chronic, and recurring fungal infection of the stratum corneum with a worldwide distribution. There is limited data from North India regarding prevalence and epidemiology. <strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> The aim of this study was to give an overview of the prevalence of fungi-associated skin infections and its clinical profile, to find out the epidemiological characteristics over a period of 18 months, and to assess the use of conventional methods for diagnosis. <strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> For this purpose, 300 patients suspected of having superficial mycoses, were evaluated clinically on Out Patient Department (OPD) basis in the Department of Dermatology, and diagnosis was confirmed mycologically in the Microbiology Department at Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi. The total duration of the study period was 18 months. <strong>RESULTS:</strong> In the present study, 36 (12%) patients were positive for PV. The majority of the patients were young adults. There is prominent seasonal variation of the patients with a peak in August, October, and November. The most of the lesions were hypopigmented macules (83.33%) and were potassium hydroxide positive. The most commonly involved sites were trunk (80.5%), scalp (5.5%), and arm (5.5%). Seborrheic dermatitis sometimes coexisted with PV. Rare areas like groin - involvement (2.7%) were also seen. <strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> In conclusion, 12% of studied population was positive for tinea versicolor, which is a high prevalence for this disease. The findings of this study indicated that PV is an important health problem, and diagnosis can be easily made on OPD basis using conventional methods.</p>
CO‑PRESENCE OF FACTOR V LEIDEN G1691A, MTHFR C677T AND XMN‑1 − 158 GΓ (C → T) IN SICKLE CELL PATIENTS
Authors: Pandey Sanjay , Mishra Rahasya Mani , Pandey Sweta , Saxena Renu 
Published: October 2016

<p>Vascular complications are an important and perplexing aspect of the clinical spectrum of sickle cell anemia. Patients with sickle cell disease show activation of the blood coagulation, fibrinolytic systems, increased platelet activity and consumption of coagulation inhibitors during vaso‑occlusive crises.</p>
“NECESSITY IS THE MOTHER OF INVENTION”: INNOVATIVE RADIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTION OF URINARY LEAK FROM URETER
Authors: Pai Vishwas D. , Puri Ajay , Shetty Nitin , Gulia Ashish 
Published: October 2016

<p>“Necessity is the mother of invention” and the quote very much holds true in modern day clinical practice which is very demanding both in terms of technology and intellect. Here, we are presenting a simple but effective radiological method to detect leak from the ureter in an operated case of pelvic resection.</p>
ILMU-ILMU USHULUDIN MENJAWAB PROBLEMATIKA UMAT ISLAM DEWASA INI
Authors: Ibrahim Farid Wajdi 
Published: October 2016

<p>Abstract: The interpretation of ushuluddin is how the human relationship with God and man to man to avoidinequality, the human beings should be able to put himself as aservant of God ('abd) are always subjecting themselve stoper form the ritualworship. However, as a zon human politicon the human being should also capable in understanding social phenomena that occurinthe community, andprovide the solutions to the problems that occurin the community in the real life, as well ashow to create the social conditions to be prosperous society that is blessed by the Almighty.</p>
ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN THE STUDY OFISLAMIC PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Daulay Nurussakinah 
Published: October 2016

<p>Tulisan ini berupaya menjelaskan pendidikan Islam dalam kajian Psikologi Islam. Psikologi Islam adalah suatu pendekatan studidalam memahami kejiwaan dan perilaku manusia yang berdasarkan konsep tauhid, dengan cara integrasi antara ilmu dan iman. PsikologiIslam adalah sebuah bentuk psikologi yang berlandaskan citra manusiamenurut ajaran Islam, mempelajari keunika n dan pola perilaku manusia sebagai ungkapan pengalaman interaksi dengan diri sendiri, lingkungan sekitar, dan alam rohani dengan tujuan meningkatkan kesehatan mentaldan kualitas hidup keberagamaan, serta menggapai kebahagiaan hidup di dunia dan di akhirat. Salah satu upaya untuk dapat membangunkem bali peradaban manusia dan penyempurnaan konsep perilaku manusia itu adalah dengan berpendidikan dan memahami konsepkonsep pendidikan dalam Islam, serta penyempurnaan jiwa yang diisi dengan iman dapatlah dibahas dalam kajian ilmu Psikologi Islam yang berlandaskan pada Al-Qur’an dan Hadist. Dalam pendidikan Islam telah diletakkan dasar-dasar Al-Qur’an yang berkenaan dengan tujuan pendidikan Islam dan materi-materi yang harus diajarkan dalam pendidikan Islam. Materi-materi yang akan disampaikan sebaiknya menggunakan metode yang menarik dan menjadi persoalan esensial dalam rangka tercapainya tujuan pendidikan Islam yang diharapkan. Berdasarkan pada begitu eratnya antara tugas psikologi Islam yang lebih menekankan pada jiwa ini sangat berpengaruh dalam ilmu pendidikan Islam. Jiwa yang bersih tentunya akan mudah dalam menerima dan mengaplikasikan konsep-konsep pendidikan Islam yang berdasarkan pada Al-Qur’an dan Sunnah Rasulullah SAW. Di atas kedua pilar ini lah dibangun konsep dasar pendidikan Islam. Titik tolaknya dimulai dari konsep manusia menurut Islam</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Islamic Psychology, Islamic Education, Human, Life, Behavior</p>
KONTRIBUSI PEMIKIRAN ISLAM KONTEMPORER BAGI PENGEMBANGAN FILSAFAT ILMU-ILMU KEISLAMAN
Authors: Ramly Fuad 
Published: October 2016

<p>Pengembangan Filsafat Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman dapat dilakukan dengan merumuskan kembali landasan ontologis, landasan epistemologis, dan landasan aksiologis ilmu yang bersumber dari kontribusi pemikiran Nasr, al-Attas, dan Sardar. Landasan ontologis tersebut menentukan wilayah objek kajian Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman, yang meliputi aspek-aspek metafisika dan empiris. Landasan epistemologis mengakomodir keragaman (pluralitas) metodologis (berbagai prosedur atau cara mengkaji ilmu), sesuai dengan kebutuhan intelektual masyarakat Islam. Landasan aksiologis mengarahkan dan menuntun pemahaman ontologis dan epistemologis tersebut sesuai dengan nilai-nilai<br />dasar Islam. Berdasarkan ketiga landasan tersebut, pengembangan Filsafat Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman dapat dilakukan secara terpadu (integratif), tidak hanya dengan menumbuhkan kesadaran historis untuk menggali khazanah kemajuan intelektual Islam masa lalu, tetapi sekaligus juga dengan merespon kemajuan-kemajuan metodologi masa kini yang relevan dengan nilai-nilai intelektual Islam yang kekal dan universal.</p><p>Kata kunci: Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer; landasan filosofis; <br />Filsafat Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman.</p>
PENGARUH SOSIALISASI GENDER TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN POLA PIKIR PEREMPUAN ACEH (Studi Kasus di Banda Aceh dan Aceh Besar)
Authors: Miskahuddin Miskahuddin 
Published: October 2016

<p>Discourse on gender is not depleted as discussed and studied scientifically until now. Debate in academic circles about gender are already accustomed discussed and no longer be something foreign. Even today there are efforts to encourage all of the activities and programs should be concerned with aspects of gender equality. Development of previously unknown information about only the consumption of the current academic has penetrated up to the village level, and unknown to many people , both lay and the learned knowledge. This occurs because of the reality of gender socialization undertaken by various parties, including government agencies through the empowerment of women and children , as well as by non-governmental organizations ( local and international NGOs ) . Many people received information about the gender , clearly establish its own thinking paradigm for women in Aceh . To see about women thinking about gender Aceh after getting the socialization of NGOs , the research was conducted.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong> : Influence , Socialization , Gender</p>
Penerapan Teknologi Pengendalian Hama Kapas Ramah Lingkungan
Authors: Sunarto Dwi Adi , Murdiyati Anastasia Siti , Nurindah . 
Published: October 2016

<p>Penerapan komponen teknologi pengendalian hama ramah lingkungan dilaksanakan di daerah pengembang-an kapas di Kecamatan Jati, Kabupaten Blora, Jawa Tengah di lahan petani seluas ± 5 hektar yang dimiliki oleh 20 petani pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Oktober 2009. Komponen teknologi pengendalian hama ra-mah lingkungan diharapkan menjadi solusi yang tepat untuk mengatasi masalah serangga hama pada tanam-an kapas dan dapat diterima oleh petani. Pengendalian serangga hama kapas yang diterapkan adalah pengen-dalian serangga hama ramah lingkungan dengan komponen pengendalian yang terdiri atas seed treatment dengan insektisida imidakloprit dan penyemprotan insektisida botani ekstrak biji mimba berdasarkan ambang kendali yang mempertimbangkan keberadaan musuh alami dibandingkan dengan pengendalian serangga ha-ma konvensional (pengendalian hama menggunakan insektisida kimiawi sintetis seperti yang biasa diterap-kan oleh petani). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan komponen teknologi pengendalian hama ra-mah lingkungan yang terdiri atas seed treatment, insektisida botani ekstrak biji mimba, dan ambang kendali dengan mempertimbangkan keberadaan musuh alami, terbukti dapat menekan populasi serangga hama ka-pas selalu di bawah batas ambang kendali dan tidak berbeda dengan pengendalian hama secara konvensio-nal. Pengendalian hama ramah lingkungan lebih aman terhadap musuh alami dengan pendapatan usaha tani kapas Rp621.250,00 lebih tinggi dibanding pengendalian hama secara konvensional. Teknologi pengendalian hama ramah lingkungan dapat diterima oleh petani, kecuali teknologi ambang kendali yang secara konsep da-pat diterima, tetapi petani masih enggan untuk melaksanakannya.</p><p> </p><p>Application of environmentally friendly pest control technology is expected to be the best solution to over-come insect pest problem on cotton crops and can be accepted by farmers. The research was conducted in the area of cotton development in Jati District, Blora Regency, Central Java on farmers' land area of 5 hectares owned by 20 farmers from March to October 2009. The applied treatments were: application of environmen-tally friendly pest insect control components, ie: seed treatment and botanical neem seed extracts insecticide sprayed based on an action threshold that considers the presence of natural enemies took in to account, compared with conventional pest control (pest control using synthetic chemical insecticides commonly used by the cotton farmers). The results showed that the application of environmentally friendly pest control tech-nology suppressed cotton insect pest population with no negative effect on natural enemies, and retained seed cotton production, increased the income of cotton farming as much as Rp621.250,00. Components of en-vironmentally friendly pest control technology can be accepted by cotton farmers, including the action thres-hold concept. However, the farmers were mind to implement the action threshold as it is too complicated for them.</p>
Keefektifan Nematoda Patogen Serangga Steinernema sp. Terhadap Achaea janata L., Serangga Pemakan Daun Jarak Kepyar (Ricinus communis)
Authors: Prabowo Heri , Indrayani I.G.A.A. 
Published: October 2016

<p>Penggunaan pestisida kimia yang cukup tinggi pada akhir-akhir ini telah menimbulkan dampak negatif ter-hadap lingkungan, sehingga pengendalian hama yang ramah lingkungan sangat diperlukan. Saat ini, peng-gunaan nematoda entomopatogen terutama Steinernema sp., membuka peluang untuk digunakan sebagai pengendalian Achaea janata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan Steinernema sp. ter-hadap A. Janata , dilaksanakan di laboratorium patologi serangga Balai Penelitan Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Agustus 2011. Penelitian menggunakan rancanagan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat ulangan. Setiap ulangan menggunakan 25 larva A. janata instar 2. Larva diekspose de-ngan berbagai variasi konsentrasi Steinernema sp. dan kematian larva diamati setiap hari sampai 120 jam setelah infeksi. Konsentrasi Steinernema sp. yang digunakan adalah 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, dan 400 JI/larva. Hasil penelitian pemberian Steinernema sp. pada konsentrasi 200, 300, dan 400 JI/larva cukup efektif untuk membunuh A. janata dengan persentase berkisar antara 80–94% mulai 48–120 jam setelah perlakuan. Se-makin tinggi konsentrasi nematoda, semakin tinggi mortalitas A. janata. Steinernema sp. dengan konsen-trasi 400 JI/larva paling efektif membunuh larva, menurunkan bobot larva, bobot pupa, jumlah telur yang dihasilkan, dan fertilitas telur.</p><p> </p><p>High intensity of chemical pesticide application has become a serious concern of environmentalists in recent years, because of various negative impacts of it. Therefore, environmentally friendly techniques of controlling insect pest are needed. Recently, the use of entomopathogenic nematodes, especially Steinernema sp., has created new possibilities of promising control techniques against insect pests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Steinernema sp. to A. janata larvae in laboratory. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Insect Pathology Laboratory of Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Insti-tute from March to August 2011. Tests used the 2nd stage larvae of Achaea janata, the leaf eater of castor (Ricinus communis). Treatment arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 replicates. For each test used 25 larvae which were exposed to various concentrations of Steinernema sp. Concentration of Steinernema sp. used was 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 infective juvenile/larvae. Daily mortality A. janata larvae, larval and pupal weight, the number of eggs laid, and number of hatch eggs were recorded. Steinernema sp. on concentration of 200; 300; and 400 IJ/larvae was effective to cause mortality of A. janata larvae (80–94% mortality after 48–120 hours). The higher the concentration of the nematode the higher larval mortality. Steinernema sp. with concentration of 400 IJ/ larvae was effective decreasing larval and pupal weight, the number of eggs laid, and fertility of the eggs produced.</p>
Review: Cav2.3 R-type Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels - Functional Implications in Convulsive and Non-convulsive Seizure Activity
Authors: Wormuth Carola , Lundt Andreas , Henseler Christina , Müller Ralf , Broich Karl , Papazoglou Anna , Weiergräber Marco 
Published: October 2016

Background:Researchers have gained substantial insight into mechanisms of synaptic transmission, hyperexcitability, excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration within the last decades. Voltage-gated Ca2+channels are of central relevance in these processes. In particular, they are key elements in the etiopathogenesis of numerous seizure types and epilepsies. Earlier studies predominantly targeted on Cav2.1 P/Q-type and Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+channels relevant for absence epileptogenesis. Recent findings bring other channels entities more into focus such as the Cav2.3 R-type Ca2+channel which exhibits an intriguing role in ictogenesis and seizure propagation. Cav2.3 R-type voltage gated Ca2+channels (VGCC) emerged to be important factors in the pathogenesis of absence epilepsy, human juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), and cellular epileptiform activity,e.g. in CA1 neurons. They also serve as potential target for various antiepileptic drugs, such as lamotrigine and topiramate.Objective:This review provides a summary of structure, function and pharmacology of VGCCs and their fundamental role in cellular Ca2+homeostasis. We elaborate the unique modulatory properties of Cav2.3 R-type Ca2+channels and point to recent findings in the proictogenic and proneuroapoptotic role of Cav2.3 R-type VGCCs in generalized convulsive tonic–clonic and complex-partial hippocampal seizures and its role in non-convulsive absence like seizure activity.Conclusion:Development of novel Cav2.3 specific modulators can be effective in the pharmacological treatment of epilepsies and other neurological disorders.
The Language of Memory: Narrating Memories of Parents and Friends
Authors: Smorti Andrea , Peterson Carole , Tani Franca 
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study was to compare narrated memories of parents and friends, recounted by both males and females. A total of 177 Italian undergraduates were asked to recall and to write in detail one relevant memory regarding their relationship with either parents or friends during adolescence. Half of the participants wrote a narrative about parents and half about friends. Narratives were examined using both a content and a lexical linguistic method of analysis.The results showed that the language of memories was substantially influenced by the identity of the social partners that were part of the remembered events. In particular the ratio of negative emotion words to all words and the use of 'I' personal pronouns were higher when participants recounted memory narratives about parents rather than friends, and 'We' was used more in narratives about friends. Gender differences were found as well. The authors interpret the results as suggesting that the language of memory is affected by the type of interpersonal relationship that exists between the narrator and the other participants in the remembered events as well as by the gender of the narrator. In other words, memory narratives both reflect and are influenced by the relationships within which an individual is embedded.
Radiologia Intervencionista: Passado, Presente e Futuro / Interventional Radiology: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Nasser Felipe , Cardoso Rodolfo Souza , Silva Seleno Glauber de Jesus 
Published: October 2016

Desde a descoberta dos raios X em 1895 por Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, as especialidades médicas em geral têm apresentado uma evolução exponencial, tanto no que se refere às técnicas diagnósticas, quanto às terapêuticas. Apesar de ressaltarem o aspecto crucial da anamnese e do exame físico para o diagnóstico das enfermidades, não se vislumbra uma moderna medicina sem sua associação a modalidades diagnósticas e terapêuticas guiadas por imagem. Entretanto, alguns visionários do começo do século XX foram responsáveis por nortear os caminhos dos que os seguiram. Inicialmente, a técnica de angiografia foi desenvolvida pelo médico português Egaz Moniz em Lisboa em 1927, realizando o uso combinado de contraste e raios X para estudo do sistema nervoso, tumores e malformações arteriovenosas. Reynaldo Cid dos Santos realizou a primeira aortografia translombar na mesma cidade, em 1929. Também neste ano, o médico alemão Werner Forssmann realizou o cateterismo do átrio direito através de um cateter inserido a partir de uma veia de seu próprio antebraço, guiado por fluoroscopia. Em seguida, subiu um lance de escadas e fez uma radiografia de tórax para provar o sucesso de seu método. Publicou um artigo com o título "Über die Sondierung des rechten Herzens" (Sobre a sondagem do coração direito)1 e foi demitido do hospital onde trabalhava por seus métodos nada ortodoxos. No início dos anos 1940, André Cournand, em colaboração com Dickinson Richards Jr, realizou medições mais sistemáticas da hemodinâmica do coração. Por seu trabalho na descoberta de cateterismo cardíaco e medidas hemodinâmicas, Cournand, Forssmann e Richards dividiram o Prêmio Nobel em Fisiologia e Medicina em 1956.
Indicadores Bioquímicos do Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio/Biochemical Indicators of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cantelle Carolina Ferreira , Lanaro Rafael 
Published: October 2016

Este artigo é uma revisão sobre os indicadores bioquímicos mais utilizados para diagnosticar Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio. Aborda-se rapidamente as doenças cardiovasculares, dando ênfase ao Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio, seus fatores de risco, prevenção e tratamento. Apresentam-se os marcadores cardíacos mais indicados, qualificando-os conforme suas especificidade e sensibilidade para o diagnóstico, concluindo que é importante a dosagem dos diferentes marcadores no diagnóstico do infarto agudo do miocárdio, em diferentes horários, pois estes se elevam conforme sua sensibilidade e especificidade. No entanto, a sintomatologia clínica e outros exames, como eletrocardiogramas devem estar presentes, possibilitando um diagnóstico mais seguro e um melhor monitoramento do paciente infartado. Palavras Chave: marcadores cardíacos, indicadores bioquímicos, infarto agudo do miocárdio. This article is an overview of the most widely used biochemical markers to diagnose acute myocardial infarction. Covers quickly cardiovascular diseases, with emphasis on acute myocardial infarction, its risk factors, prevention and treatment. Presents the most appropriate cardiac markers, qualifying them according to their specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis, concluding that it is important to the dosage of different markers in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction at different times, because they rise as their sensitivity and specificity. However, the clinical symptoms and other tests such as electrocardiograms must be present, providing a more secure diagnosis and better patient monitoring myocardium. Key words: cardiac markers, biochemical markers, acute myocardial infarction.