bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collection of Data on Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Nativity by US Public Health Surveillance and Monitoring Systems: Gaps and Opportunities
Authors: Rodriguez-Lainz Alfonso , McDonald Mariana , Fonseca-Ford Maureen , Penman-Aguilar Ana , Waterman Stephen H. , Truman Benedict I. , Cetron Martin S. , Richards Chesley L. 
Published: December 2017

Objective: Despite increasing diversity in the US population, substantial gaps in collecting data on race, ethnicity, primary language, and nativity indicators persist in public health surveillance and monitoring systems. In addition, few systems provide questionnaires in foreign languages for inclusion of non-English speakers. We assessed (1) the extent of data collected on race, ethnicity, primary language, and nativity indicators (ie, place of birth, immigration status, and years in the United States) and (2) the use of data-collection instruments in non-English languages among Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)–supported public health surveillance and monitoring systems in the United States. Methods: We identified CDC-supported surveillance and health monitoring systems in place from 2010 through 2013 by searching CDC websites and other federal websites. For each system, we assessed its website, documentation, and publications for evidence of the variables of interest and use of data-collection instruments in non-English languages. We requested missing information from CDC program officials, as needed. Results: Of 125 data systems, 100 (80%) collected data on race and ethnicity, 2 more collected data on ethnicity but not race, 26 (21%) collected data on racial/ethnic subcategories, 40 (32%) collected data on place of birth, 21 (17%) collected data on years in the United States, 14 (11%) collected data on immigration status, 13 (10%) collected data on primary language, and 29 (23%) used non-English data-collection instruments. Population-based surveys and disease registries more often collected data on detailed variables than did case-based, administrative, and multiple-source systems. Conclusions: More complete and accurate data on race, ethnicity, primary language, and nativity can improve the quality, representativeness, and usefulness of public health surveillance and monitoring systems to plan and evaluate targeted public health interventions to eliminate health disparities.
Development of an eHealth Program for Parents of Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Whittemore Robin , Zincavage Rebekah M. , Jaser Sarah S. , Grey Margaret , Coleman Julia L. , Collett David , Delvy Roberta , Basile Ibrahim Bridget , Marceau Lisa D. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of parenting an adolescent with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), to develop a prototype of an eHealth program for parents of adolescents with T1DM, and to evaluate the prototype content and acceptability from the perspective of parents and health care providers. Methods A multiphase method was used generating both qualitative and quantitative data at multiple time points. There were 27 parents of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years with T1DM and 16 health care providers who participated in semistructured interviews to identify parental challenges; 53 parents and 27 providers evaluated the prototype. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize survey data. Results Challenges experienced by parents of adolescents with T1DM included understanding the developmental and hormonal changes of adolescence that affect diabetes care, feeling tension between adolescent independence and parent control, communicating without nagging or conflict, transferring diabetes care responsibility safely, dealing with feelings of stress and distress, and perceiving a lack of resources for T1DM care and insufficient personal time for self-care. In the prototype evaluation, both parents and providers found content to be relevant and provided feedback to guide the development of the full program. Conclusions Parents of adolescents with T1DM and providers expressed a need for parents to have more support in transitioning diabetes care from parent to adolescent. eHealth programs offer an ideal way to address these needs and ultimately can be linked to electronic medical records improving quality and efficiency of health care in this population.
The ability of clinical balance measures to identify falls risk in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Quinn Gillian , Comber Laura , Galvin Rose , Coote Susan 
Published: December 2017

Objective: To determine the ability of clinical measures of balance to distinguish fallers from non-fallers and to determine their predictive validity in identifying those at risk of falls. Data sources: AMED, CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, PubMed Central and Google Scholar. First search: July 2015. Final search: October 2017. Review methods: Inclusion criteria were studies of adults with a definite multiple sclerosis diagnosis, a clinical balance assessment and method of falls recording. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 scale and the modified Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Statistical analysis was conducted for the cross-sectional studies using Review Manager 5. The mean difference with 95% confidence interval in balance outcomes between fallers and non-fallers was used as the mode of analysis. Results: We included 33 studies (19 cross-sectional, 5 randomised controlled trials, 9 prospective) with a total of 3901 participants, of which 1917 (49%) were classified as fallers. The balance measures most commonly reported were the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go and Falls Efficacy Scale International. Meta-analysis demonstrated fallers perform significantly worse than non-fallers on all measures analysed except the Timed Up and Go Cognitive ( p < 0.05), but discriminative ability of the measures is commonly not reported. Of those reported, the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value (0.92), but without reporting corresponding measures of clinical utility. Conclusion: Clinical measures of balance differ significantly between fallers and non-fallers but have poor predictive ability for falls risk in people with multiple sclerosis.
Repeated social defeat induces transient glial activation and brain hypometabolism: A positron emission tomography imaging study
Authors: Kopschina Feltes Paula , de Vries Erik FJ , Juarez-Orozco Luis E , Kurtys Ewelina , Dierckx Rudi AJO , Moriguchi-Jeckel Cristina M , Doorduin Janine 
Published: December 2017

Psychosocial stress is a risk factor for the development of depression. Recent evidence suggests that glial activation could contribute to the development of depressive-like behaviour. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo whether repeated social defeat (RSD) induces short- and long-term inflammatory and metabolic alterations in the brain through positron emission tomography (PET). Male Wistar rats ( n = 40) were exposed to RSD by dominant Long-Evans rats on five consecutive days. Behavioural and biochemical alterations were assessed at baseline, day 5/6 and day 24/25 after the RSD protocol. Glial activation (11C-PK11195 PET) and changes in brain metabolism (18F-FDG PET) were evaluated on day 6, 11 and 25 (short-term), and at 3 and 6 months (long-term). Defeated rats showed transient depressive- and anxiety-like behaviour, increased corticosterone and brain IL-1β levels, as well as glial activation and brain hypometabolism in the first month after RSD. During the third- and six-month follow-up, no between-group differences in any investigated parameter were found. Therefore, non-invasive PET imaging demonstrated that RSD induces transient glial activation and reduces brain glucose metabolism in rats. These imaging findings were associated with stress-induced behavioural changes and support the hypothesis that neuroinflammation could be a contributing factor in the development of depression.
Interprofessional Rivalry in Nigeria’s Health Sector: A Comparison of Doctors and Other Health Workers’ Views at a Secondary Care Center
Authors: Omisore Akinlolu G. , Adesoji Richard O. , Abioye-Kuteyi Emmanuel A. 
Published: December 2017

Objectives: To examine interprofessional rivalry (IPR) between doctors and other health workers and their understanding of its effects. Introduction: IPR in Nigeria’s health system is a burgeoning issue with apparent adverse effects. The most profound rivalry appears to be between doctors and other health workers. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 120 health workers (24 doctors and 96 other health workers) at the State Specialist Hospital, Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria. Pertinent data were collected via semistructured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS Version17.0. Discussion: IPR is perceived to be the leading cause of conflicts among health workers by 70% of respondents. Doctors and other workers had significantly divergent opinions on the leadership of the health team, patient management, establishment positions, and monetary issues as well as on the effects of IPR with more doctors recognizing its hazards. Nearly half of the respondents believe that strikes are justifiable and the most recommended antidote is for the government to attempt to meet group needs. Conclusion: IPR has reached unprecedented levels in Nigeria. However, its adverse effects have not been duly recognized, especially by nondoctors. There is an urgent need for education of health workers on the deleterious effects of IPR.
The Effect of Corticosteroid Injection Into Rotator Interval for Early Frozen Shoulder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sun Yaying , Liu Shaohua , Chen Shiyi , Chen Jiwu 
Published: December 2017

Background: Corticosteroid injection is a common treatment for frozen shoulder, but controversy still exists regarding the injection site with the best outcome. Hypothesis: To treat the frozen shoulder in the freezing stage with corticosteroid injection, a single injection into the rotator interval (RI) could yield better effects in terms of improvement in pain, passive range of motion (ROM), and function than would an injection into the intra-articular (IA) or subacromial (SA) space. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Patients with primary frozen shoulder in the freezing stage were randomized into 3 groups: RI injection, IA injection, or SA injection with corticosteroid. Clinical outcomes were documented at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after intervention, including visual analog scale (VAS) for pain; passive ROM measurements, including external rotation, internal rotation, forward flexion, and abduction; and evaluation with the Disability of Arm, Hand, and Shoulder (DASH) score and Constant score. Results: There were no significant differences in the basic properties of the 3 groups (27 in RI group, 24 in IA group, and 26 in SA group) before injection. Improvements in pain VAS, passive ROM, Constant score, and DASH score were faster and significant in the RI group from 4 weeks after injection, followed by those in the IA group. Passive ROM decreased and DASH score did not change significantly in the SA group, although pain VAS and Constant score improved significantly. Conclusion: To treat frozen shoulder in the freezing stage with corticosteroid injection, a single injection into the RI yielded better effects in terms of improvement in pain, passive ROM, and function than did injections into the IA or SA space.
Using the “Surprise Question” in Nursing Homes
Authors: Rice Jill , Hunter Linda , Hsu Amy T. , Donskov Melissa , Luciani Tracy , Toal-Sullivan Darene , Welch Vivian , Tanuseputro Peter 
Published: December 2017

Background: The “Surprise Question” (SQ) is often used to identify patients who may benefit from a palliative care approach. The time frame of the typical question (a 12-month prognosis) may be unsuitable for identifying residents in nursing homes since it may not be able to differentiate between those who have a more imminent risk of death within a cohort of patients with high care needs. Objective: To examine the accuracy and acceptability of 3 versions of the SQ with shortened prognostication time frames (3 months, 6 months, and “the next season”) in the nursing home setting. Design: A prospective mixed-methods study. Setting/Participants: Forty-seven health-care professionals completed the SQ for 313 residents from a nursing home in Ontario, Canada. A chart audit was performed to evaluate the accuracy of their responses. Focus groups and interviews were conducted to examine the participants’ perspectives on the utility of the SQ. Results: Of the 301 residents who were included in the analysis, 74 (24.6%) deaths were observed during our follow-up period. The probability of making an accurate prediction was highest when the seasonal SQ was used (66.7%), followed by the 6-month (58.9%) and 3-month (57.1%) versions. Despite its high accuracy, qualitative results suggest the staff felt the seasonal SQ was ambiguous and expressed discomfort with its use. Conclusion: The SQ with shortened prognostication periods may be useful in nursing homes and provides a mechanism to facilitate discussions on palliative care. However, a better understanding of palliative care and increasing staff’s comfort with prognostication is essential to a palliative care approach.
Truth Commissions and Political Theory: Tough Moral Choices in Transitional Situations
Authors: Sriram Chandra 
Published: December 2017

The basic question this paper asks is: in transitional regimes considering pursuing accountability for past human rights violations, are there instances where goods other than justice might appropriately be pursued? The paper seeks to answer this question not by adverting to very loaded contemporary debates on the matter, but rather by grounding the question (and answer) more firmly. Drawing on three rich traditions of political theory: utilitarianism, deontological liberalism and communitarianism, the answer is a very provisional yes. More importantly, however, I argue that such choices are contextual – what matters is not that there be one correct prescription for all societies, but options from which they may choose one most befitting their particular needs. A brief examination of three traditions of political theory yields not definitive prescriptions for transitional regimes, but rather a set of concerns and issues to be considered. Utilitarianism may rightly caution us against pursuing justice or revenge at the expense of stability and aggregate utility, but will clearly suffer from the objection that the right has been sacrificed to the good. Similarly, from a rights-oriented and deontological perspective, certain sacrifices of justice to the greater good may be difficult to countenance, though other moral harms may be inflicted in the pursuit of justice. Finally, a communitarian will point us to the nature of the community to aid us in determining the appropriate path, though she may do so at the expense of the individual. Once the normative issues at stake are thus understood, individuals and societies may address the choices and dilemmas raised in transitions in ways appropriate to their specific contexts.
Cyberlibel Cases before the European Court of Human Rights: Estimating Possible Outcomes
Authors: Cucereanu Dragos 
Published: December 2017

Internet defamation, or cyberlibel, has become an increasingly widespread and alarming side of online expression. This has lead to controversies concerning the way of responding to this new challenge in defamation law. Such controversies persist, as law makers and courts in the Council of Europe Member States vary in their solutions. The author searches for uniformity in regulating cyberlibel in Europe, by estimating how the European Court of Human Rights could decide such cases, based on analogy with its previous case law, as well as the law and practice of those States that have addressed the issue. It concludes that the Court may take into consideration the specificity of Internet, while mostly in line with its previous case law, by further developing it. The article proposes a list of criteria that might help deciding cyberlibel cases, and analyses specific ways of determining their applicability and effect.
Housing Rights and Related Facilities for Female Refugees and Internally Displaced Women
Authors: Westendorp Ingrid 
Published: December 2017

For various reasons, but mostly because of violence, millions of people all over the world have been forced to leave their homes and are looking for security and shelter elsewhere. They have either crossed a border, and are called refugees, or they have remained within their own country and are known as internally displaced persons (IDPs). The crossing of a border is important, since this has several legal and practical implications. In general, the level of assistance for IDPs is on a lower scale. The majority of the refugees and IDPs consists of women and children. Homeless women are very vulnerable. They are especially prone to rape and sexual abuse. Moreover, sexual discriminatory practices may take place with regard to the distribution of food, goods and services. When they are housed in emergency camps and shelters, relief workers, international organisations and host countries should be made aware of these special needs and circumstances. Once awareness is created, solutions must be found. Several recommendations are made, some of them consisting of pragmatic measures, like illumination at night and sex segregated latrines and washing facilities. Since both UNHCR and the Special Rapporteur on IDPs have acknowledged the special plight of women, and both mechanisms have analysed the specific problems, much attention is paid to their findings.
Syndesmotic Injury Assessment With Lateral Imaging During Stress Testing in a Cadaveric Model
Authors: LaMothe Jeremy M. , Baxter Josh R. , Karnovsky Sydney C. , Murphy Conor I. , Gilbert Susannah , Drakos Mark C. 
Published: December 2017

Background: External rotation, lateral, and sagittal stress tests are commonly used to diagnose syndesmotic injuries, but their efficacy remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to characterize applied stresses with fibular motion throughout the syndesmotic injury spectrum. We hypothesized that sagittal fibular motion would have greater fidelity in detecting changes in syndesmotic status compared to mortise imaging. Methods: Syndesmotic instability was characterized using motion analysis during external rotation, lateral, and sagittal stress tests on cadaveric specimens (n = 9). A progressive syndesmotic injury was created by sectioning the tibiofibular and deltoid ligaments. Applied loads and fibular motion were synchronously measured using a force transducer and motion capture, respectively, while mortise and lateral radiographs were acquired to quantify clinical measurements. Fibular motion in response to these 3 stress tests was compared between the intact, complete lateral syndesmotic injury and lateral injury plus a completely sectioned deltoid condition. Results: Stress tests performed under lateral imaging detected syndesmotic injuries with greater sensitivity than the clinical-standard mortise view. Lateral imaging was twice as sensitive to applied loads as mortise view imaging. Specifically, half as much linear force generated 2 mm of detectable syndesmotic motion. In addition, fibular motion increased linearly in response to sagittal stresses (Pearson’s r [ρ] = 0.91 ± 0.1) but not lateral stresses (ρ = 0.29 ± 0.66). Conclusion: Stress tests using lateral imaging detected syndesmotic injuries with greater sensitivity than a typical mortise view. In addition to greater diagnostic sensitivity, reduced loads were required to detect injuries. Clinical Relevance: Syndesmotic injuries may be better diagnosed using stress tests that are assessed using lateral imaging than standard mortise view imaging.
Blueberry by-product used as an ingredient in the development of functional cookies
Authors: Perez Claudia , Tagliani Camila , Arcia Patricia , Cozzano Sonia , Curutchet Ana 
Published: December 2017

A by-product of blueberry juice industries was used as an ingredient to develop fiber-enriched cookies. The blueberry pomace, once ground and dried, was used as an ingredient in cookie formulation. A control cookie was elaborated as reference. Cookies were analyzed for composition and functional properties. The fiber content obtained in the fiber-enriched cookie allows it to be labeled as “high fiber” in the European Union and as a “source of fiber” in MERCOSUR. The fiber-enriched cookie presented highly increased values on the antioxidant capacity and the polyphenol content when compared against the control cookie. Sensory evaluation was performed. Acceptability of the fiber-enriched cookie reached a value of 5.3 in a nine-point hedonic scale. Further strategies should be necessary in order to achieve an acceptable product. Cookies were subjected to an in vitro digestive process. Results show that the cookies’ phytochemicals are bioaccessible and potentially bioavailable. Therefore, eating this type of food would represent an increase in the amount of antioxidants ingested and redound to a health benefit. In addition to improving both nutritional and functional properties of cookies, the present development represents an innovative strategy for a more sustainable growth of fruit juice industries.
Perceived control and health-related quality of life in heart transplant recipients
Authors: Doering Lynn V , Chen Belinda , Deng Mario , Mancini Donna , Kobashigawa Jon , Hickey Kathleen 
Published: December 2017

Background:Perceived control has been associated with improved mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in cardiac populations. However, this concept has not been well-studied in heart transplant groups.Aims:We examine the relationship of perceived control to symptoms of anxiety and depression and HRQOL after transplant. We also examine the extent to which anxiety and depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between perceived control and HRQOL.Methods:Our cross-sectional analysis included 113 adult heart transplant patients from the NEW HEART study. High versus low perceived control groups were determined by median split for chi-square and t-test analyses. Hierarchical multiple linear regression models were used to examine the influence of perceived control on symptoms of depression and anxiety and HRQOL. Mediation analyses included Baron and Kenny’s four-step regression approach and Preacher and Hayes’ bootstrapping technique to test the indirect effect of perceived control on HRQOL.Results:Heart transplant patients who reported lower perceived control were more likely to be female ( p=0.003), and had significantly more depressive symptoms ( p<0.001) and anxiety ( p<0.001), and lower HRQOL ( p<0.001) than those with higher perceived control. Perceived control was a significant predictor in regression models of depressive and anxiety symptoms and HRQOL. In mediation analyses, depressive and anxiety symptoms mediated the effect of perceived control on HRQOL.Conclusion:Perceived control is associated with improved depressive and anxiety symptoms and HRQOL after transplant. The relationship between perceived control and HRQOL is mediated by depressive and anxiety symptoms. Future interventions should target perceived control to improve overall HRQOL.