bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for cancer cachexia: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Hao , Ishihara Masashi , Kazahari Hiroki , Ochiai Ryusuke , Tanzawa Shigeru , Honda Takeshi , Ichikawa Yasuko , Horita Nobuyuki , Nagai Hisashi , Watanabe Kiyotaka , Seki Nobuhiko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia affects more than half of all cancer patients, reducing survival rates. Evidence‐based approaches are urgently needed to optimize treatment.MethodsA systematic review and network meta‐analysis were conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of different pharmacotherapies for cancer cachexia. Three databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched for the period from January 1, 2000, to March 20, 2024. The netmeta package in R software was used to calculate the pooled effect, employing a random effects model.ResultsSeven placebo‐controlled randomized trials involving 1421 patients were analyzed. Pairwise analysis showed that body weight increases were 4.6 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83–8.37 kg) for olanzapine, 3.82 kg (95% CI 0.73–6.91 kg) for espindolol (20 mg), 2.36 kg (95% CI 1.84–2.89 kg) for anamorelin (100 mg), and 1.31 kg (95% CI 0.42–2.19 kg) for anamorelin (50 mg). In terms of safety profiles, olanzapine demonstrated the lowest odds ratio when compared to placebo, at 0.26 (95% CI 0.07–0.94), followed by anamorelin (50 mg) at 0.86 (95% CI 0.30–2.48), and anamorelin (100 mg) at 0.89 (95% CI 0.42–1.88). However, network meta‐analysis could not confirm the superiority of olanzapine over anamorelin in terms of efficacy and safety.ConclusionBoth olanzapine and anamorelin are useful in improving body weight in patients with cancer cachexia. Personalization may be helpful for different patients.
Poor outcome despite modern treatments: A retrospective study of 99 patients with primary and secondary plasma cell leukemia
Authors: Tessier Camille , LeBlanc Richard , Roy Jean , Trudel Sabrina , Côté Julie , Lalancette Marc , Boudreault Jean‐Samuel , Lemieux‐Blanchard Émilie , Kaedbey Rayan , Pavic Michel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPlasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare monoclonal gammopathy, associated with short survival. Because of its very low incidence, only a few cohorts have been reported and thus, information on this disease is scarce. The goal of this study was to better understand the clinical features, prognostic factors, and efficacy of modern treatments in both primary PCL (pPCL) and secondary PCL (sPCL).MethodsWe performed a retrospective, multicenter study of patients diagnosed with PCL, defined as circulating plasma cells ≥20% of total leukocytes and/or ≥2 × 109/L.ResultsWe identified 99 eligible PCL patients, of whom 33 were pPCL and 66 were sPCL. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) to frontline treatment and overall survival (OS) were, respectively, 4.8 (95% CI, 0.4–9.2) and 18.3 months (95% CI, 0.0–39.0) for pPCL and 0.8 (95% CI, 0.5–1.1) and 1.2 months (95% CI, 0.9–1.5) for sPCL (both p < 0.001). We observed no improvement in OS over time (2005–2012 vs. 2013–2020, p = 0.629 for pPCL and p = 0.329 for sPCL). Finally, our data suggested that sPCL originates from a high‐risk multiple myeloma (MM) population with a short OS (median 30.2 months), early relapse after stem cell transplant (median 11.9 months) and a high proportion of patients with multiple cytogenetic abnormalities (36% with ≥2 abnormalities).ConclusionsThis study is one of the largest PCL cohorts reported. We are also the first to investigate characteristics of MM before its transformation into sPCL and demonstrate that high‐risk biologic features already present at the time of MM diagnosis. Moreover, our data highlights the lack of improvement in PCL survival in recent years and the urgent need for better treatment options.
Electroanalytical Overview: Screen‐Printed Electrochemical Sensing Platforms
Authors: Crapnell Robert D. , Banks Craig E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractScreen‐printed electrochemical sensing platforms are ubiquitous within the field of electrochemistry where they provide benefits of being disposable, cost‐effective, reproducible, easily customisable, portable and allow one to transfer the laboratory approach into the field. In this review, we introduce the concept of screen‐printed electrodes, we summarise positive and negative aspects before moving into the current highlights of using traditional screen‐printed carbon electrodes within the field of electroanalysis. We then look to cover metallic and bulk modified varieties, geometric changes (micro, microband and associated arrays), electrode activation and finally the physical length of screen‐printed electrodes, providing insights for future research.
The impacts of coupon and discount on exposure and various stages of conversion funnel: An empirical investigation of the online food delivery service
Authors: Shao Jiehao , Jing Ranzhe , Li Jie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of delivery services, online‐to‐offline food delivery systems provide merchants the traffic support and marketing efforts to reach potential customers. Monitoring customer behavior allows us to measure conversion rates and analyze the relationship between marketing performance and the efforts of platforms or merchants. This study investigates the impact of incentives, including coupons from platforms and discounts from merchants, on exposure and conversion rates for different merchants. Besides, the dynamic analysis demonstrates significant adverse effects of lagged incentives on exposure and click rate. Platforms and merchants of online food delivery services stand to benefit from these insights.
Efficient semiparametric estimation in two‐sample comparison via semisupervised learning
Authors: Tan Tao , Zhang Shuyi , Zhou Yong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe develop a general semisupervised framework for statistical inference in the two‐sample comparison setting. Although the supervised Mann–Whitney statistic outperforms many estimators in the two‐sample problem for nonnormally distributed responses, it is excessively inefficient because it ignores large amounts of unlabelled information. To borrow strength from unlabelled data, we propose a class of efficient and adaptive estimators that use two‐step semiparametric imputation. The probabilistic index model is adopted primarily to achieve dimension reduction for multivariate covariates, and a follow‐up reweighting step balances the contributions of labelled and unlabelled data. The asymptotic properties of our estimator are derived with variance comparison through a phase diagram. Efficiency theory shows our estimators achieve the semiparametric variance lower bound if the probabilistic index model is correctly specified, and are more efficient than their supervised counterpart when the model is not degenerate. The asymptotic variance is estimated through a two‐step perturbation resampling procedure. To gauge the finite sample performance, we conducted extensive simulation studies which verify the adaptive nature of our methods with respect to model misspecification. To illustrate the merits of our proposed method, we analyze a dataset concerning homelessness in Los Angeles.
Evidence of longitudinal differences in spring migration strategies of an Arctic‐nesting goose
Authors: VonBank Jay A. , Kraai Kevin J. , Collins Daniel P. , Link Paul T. , Weegman Mitch D. , Cao Lei , Ballard Bart M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDuring spring, migratory birds are required to optimally balance energetic costs of migration across heterogeneous landscapes and weather conditions to survive and reproduce successfully. Therefore, an individual's migratory performance may influence reproductive outcomes. Given large‐scale changes in land use, climate, and potential carry‐over effects, understanding how individuals migrate in relation to breeding outcomes is critical to predicting how future scenarios may affect populations. We used GPS tracking devices on 56 Greater White‐fronted Geese (Anser albifrons) during four spring migrations to examine whether migration characteristics influenced breeding propensity and breeding outcome. We found a strong longitudinal difference in arrival to the breeding areas (18 days earlier), pre‐nesting duration (90.9% longer), and incubation initiation dates (9 days earlier) between western‐ and eastern‐Arctic breeding regions, with contrasting effects on breeding outcomes, but no migration characteristic strongly influenced breeding outcome. We found that breeding region influenced whether an individual likely pursued a capital or income breeding strategy. Where individuals fell along the capital‐income breeding continuum was influenced by longitude, revealing geographic effects of life‐history strategy among conspecifics. Factors that govern breeding outcomes likely occur primarily upon arrival to breeding areas or are related to individual quality and previous breeding outcome, and may not be directly tied to migratory decision‐making across broad scales.
Can Multiscale Thermal Infrared Imaging Help Validate and Monitor Water Stress in Alluvial Forests?
Authors: Godfroy Julien , Malherbe Pauline , Gerle Flavie , Marteau Baptiste , Lochin Pierre , Puijalon Sara , Lejot Jérôme , Vernay Antoine , Piégay Hervé 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAlluvial forests are sensitive to drought induced by climate change and exacerbated by altered flow regimes. Our ability to detect and map their sensitivity to drought is crucial to evaluate the effects of climate change and adjust management practices. Therefore, we explore the potential of multiscale thermal infrared imagery (TIR) to diagnose their sensitivity to droughts. In summer 2022, we sampled leaves and phloem on Populus nigra trees from two sites with contrasted hydrological connectivity along the Ain River (France) to investigate the seasonality of water stress and act as ground truth for airborne TIR images. To map forest sensitivity to drought, we used TIR data from four airborne campaigns and Landsat archives over a larger spatial and temporal extent. Field data showed that stress conditions were reached for both sites but were higher in the site with lower groundwater connectivity, which was also the case for individual tree crown temperatures. At the forest plot scale, canopy temperature was linked to forest connectivity for two of four TIR campaigns, with higher values in the more degraded reaches. Landsat data were used to locate the areas of the riparian forest impacted by a historical drought event and monitor their recovery and proved useful to identify trends. TIR data showed promising results to help detect and map tree water stress in riparian environments. However, stress is not detected in all TIR campaigns, demonstrating that one‐shot TIR acquisitions alone are not enough to diagnose stress and complementary in‐field eco‐physiological measurements are necessary.
Navigating the landscape of fear: Fruit flies exhibit distinct antipredator and antiparasite defensive behaviors
Authors: MacLeod Colin D. , Luong Lien T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMost organisms are at risk of being consumed by a predator or getting infected by a parasite at some point in their life. Theoretical constructs such as the landscape of fear (perception of risk) and nonconsumptive effects (NCEs, costly responses sans predation or infection) have been proposed to describe and quantify antipredator and antiparasite responses. How prey/host species identify and respond to these risks determines their survival, reproductive success and, ultimately, fitness. Most studies to date have focused on either predator–prey or parasite–host interactions, yet habitats and ecosystems contain both parasitic and/or predatory species that represent a complex and heterogenous mosaic of risk factors. Here, we experimentally investigated the behavioral responses of a cactophilic fruit fly, Drosophila nigrospiracula, exposed to a range of species that include parasites (ectoparasitic mite), predators (jumping spiders), as well as harmless heterospecifics (nonparasitic mites, ants, and weevils). We demonstrate that D. nigrospiracula can differentiate between threat and non‐threat species, increase erratic movements and decrease velocity in the presence of parasites, but decrease erratic movements and time spent grooming in the presence of predators. Of particular importance, flies could distinguish between parasitic female mites and nonparasitic male mites of the same species, and respond accordingly. We also show that the direction of these NCEs differs when exposed to parasitic mites (i.e., risk of infection) versus spiders (i.e., risk of predation). Given the opposing effects of predation versus infection risk on fly behavior, we discuss potential trade‐offs between parasite and predator avoidance behaviors. Our findings illustrate the complexity of risk assessment in a landscape of fear and the fine‐tuned NCEs that arise in response. Moreover, this study is the first to examine these behavioral NCEs in a terrestrial system.
Metabolic dysfunction and incidence of heart failure subtypes among Black individuals: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Kaze Arnaud D. , Bertoni Alain G. , Fox Ervin R. , Hall Michael E. , Mentz Robert J. , Echouffo‐Tcheugui Justin B. 
Published: September 2024

AimsThe extent to which metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity influences subclinical myocardial remodelling, heart failure (HF) incidence and subtypes, remains unclear. We assessed the association of MetS with incident HF (including ejection fraction subtypes) among Black individuals.Methods and resultsWe included 4069 Jackson Heart Study participants (mean age 54.4 years, 63.8% women, 37.2% with MetS) without HF. We categorized participants based on MetS status and MetS severity scores (based on waist circumference [MetS‐Z‐WC] and body mass index [MetS‐Z‐BMI]). We assessed the associations of MetS indices with echocardiographic parameters, biomarkers of myocardial damage (high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I [hs‐cTnI] and B‐type natriuretic peptide [BNP]) and incident HF hospitalizations including HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). MetS severity was associated with subclinical cardiac remodelling (assessed by echocardiographic measures and biomarkers of myocardial damage). Over a median of 12 years, 319 participants developed HF (157 HFpEF, 149 HFrEF and 13 HF of unknown type). MetS was associated with a twofold greater risk of HF (hazard ratio [HR] 2.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64–2.61). Compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) of MetS‐Z‐WC, the highest quartile (Q4) conferred a higher risk of HF (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.67–3.30), with a stronger association for HFpEF (Q4 vs. Q1: HR 4.94, 95% CI 2.67–9.14) vs. HFrEF (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.06–2.70).ConclusionsMetabolic syndrome severity was associated with both HF subtypes among Black individuals, highlighting the importance of optimal metabolic health for preventing HF.
Thermally integrated pumped thermal energy storage systems based on organic Rankine cycle: Comparative investigation and multi‐objective multiverse optimization
Authors: Norooziyan Fateme , Noorpoor Arshiya , Boyaghchi Fateme Ahmadi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis work introduces two new thermally integrated pumped thermal energy storage (TIPTES) systems, including thermally integrated vapor compression heat pump (TIHP) as a charging cycle and dual‐pressure organic Rankine cycle (DPORC) and dual‐loop organic Rankine cycle (DLORC) as discharging cycles to investigate their capability of improving roundtrip efficiency compared with the basic ORC (BORC). The thermodynamic and economic performance of the proposed TIHP‐DPORC and TIHP‐DLORC are analyzed and compared with TIHP‐BORC using various working fluids. The multi‐objective multiverse optimization algorithm is conducted to ascertain the systems' optimum roundtrip efficiency and cost rate. Results indicate that at the same storage temperature, the TIHP‐DLORC gives the highest roundtrip and exergy efficiencies of 219.9% and 43.53% with R1233zd(E), indicating 6.69% and 8.04% improvements compared with the optimum TIHP‐BORC. Moreover, it shows the lowest levelized cost of storage (LCOS) and payback period (PP) of 0.160 $/kWh and 4.5 years, respectively, with a maximum net present value of 1.973 M$. Although the cost rate of TIHP‐DLORC is high, its excellent thermodynamic and economic performance compared with the existing TIPTES systems in the literature indicates that DLORC is a more appropriate candidate to be applied in the TIPTES systems.
Parametric Based Techno‐Economic Evaluation for a Solar Thermal‐PV Integrated Multi‐Commodity Storage Facility
Authors: Shahzaib Malik , Moeez Abdul , Memon Abdul Ghafoor , Kumar Laveet 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPostharvest losses and spoilage of agricultural products are a major problem for tropical countries, and it is even more challenging for countries encountering fluctuating power shortages, such as Pakistan. Therefore, this study focused on the energy and economic analysis of cold storage to store three products (potatoes, pomegranates, and potatoes) according to the season and storage span throughout the year. The cooling load of the cold store was supported by a LiBr‐H2O vapor absorption and vapor compression refrigeration system to maintain the desired temperature for each product during cold storage. A solar thermal PV system is installed to operate cold storage refrigeration systems. Cold storage performance was analyzed by developing thermal models of integrated systems using the ambient conditions of Lahore, Pakistan. A parametric study was also conducted to analyze the impact of various working parameters on integrated system performance, and it was found that the maximum peak cooling load of 91 kW inside cold storage is attributed to pomegranates owing to high ambient conditions during its loading month. The product loading rate significantly affects the cooling load of cold storage and varies directly with it, as observed for an increase in the product loading rate from 0 to 50 000 kg/day cooling load also increases from 34 to 87 kW. To meet the thermal demand of the generator of the vapor absorption system, parabolic troughs were installed to operate cold storage, and it was found that a minimum of four PTC were needed to support the peak cooling load at the maximum product loading rate and minimum DNI value. To meet the electrical demand of cold storage electrical equipment and the compressor of the vapor compression system, solar photovoltaic panels were installed, and it was found that a minimum of 618 panels was required at a minimum tilted radiation value. To validate the viability of proposed design system economic analysis was also conducted which revealed a payback period of 12 years for Kinnow and potatoes and 16 years for pomegranates.
Unleashing creativity in STEM teacher education through scripting task pedagogy
Authors: Milner‐Bolotin Marina , Zazkis Rina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a creative pedagogical approach that aims to foster authentic STEM teacher education through incorporating scriptwriting tasks in science and mathematics courses for future secondary STEM teachers. These tasks invite teachers to create imaginary dialogues addressing specific pedagogical challenges, such as conceptual difficulties, misconceptions, or unexpected questions arising during instruction. We assert that traditional approaches to lesson planning in STEM methods courses do not provide sufficient opportunity for exploring both content and pedagogy and fostering student engagement. Hence, we propose scriptwriting‐based pedagogy as an innovative and creative way of cultivating future STEM teachers' pedagogical content knowledge. This paper showcases three examples of scriptwriting tasks implemented in secondary STEM teacher education. We elucidate the pedagogical opportunities afforded by scriptwriting and underscore its pedagogical potential for STEM teacher education.
Behavioral and brain morphological changes before and after hemispherotomy
Authors: Yu Hao , Chen Yijun , Bao Ziyu , Luo Junhao , Liu Qingzhu , Qin Peipei , Wang Changtong , Qu Jingli , Wang Wei , Cai Lixin , Gong Gaolang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHemispherotomy is an effective surgery for treating refractory epilepsy from diffuse unihemispheric lesions. To date, postsurgery neuroplastic changes supporting behavioral recovery after left or right hemispherotomy remain unclear. In the present study, we systematically investigated changes in gray matter volume (GMV) before and after surgery and further analyzed their relationships with behavioral scores in two large groups of pediatric patients with left and right hemispherotomy (29 left and 28 right). To control for the dramatic developmental effect during this stage, age‐adjusted GMV within unaffected brain regions was derived voxel by voxel using a normative modeling approach with an age‐matched reference cohort of 2115 healthy children. Widespread GMV increases in the contralateral cerebrum and ipsilateral cerebellum and GMV decreases in the contralateral cerebellum were consistently observed in both patient groups, but only the left hemispherotomy patients showed GMV decreases in the contralateral cingulate gyrus. Intriguingly, the GMV decrease in the contralateral cerebellum was significantly correlated with improvement in behavioral scores in the right but not the left hemispherotomy patients. Importantly, the preoperative voxelwise GMV features can be used to significantly predict postoperative behavioral scores in both patient groups. These findings indicate an important role of the contralateral cerebellum in the behavioral recovery following right hemispherotomy and highlight the predictive potential of preoperative imaging features in postoperative behavioral performance.
A preliminary study of the mechanical properties of 3D‐printed personalized mesh titanium alloy prostheses and repair of hemi‐mandibular defect in dogs
Authors: Zhao Bingjing , Wang Hong , Liu Changkui , Liu Huawei , Zhao Xiaowen , Sun Zenghui , Hu Min 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study is a preliminary investigation exploring the mechanical properties of three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed personalized mesh titanium alloy prostheses and the feasibility of repairing hemi‐mandibular defects. The ANSYS 14.0 software and selective laser melting (SLM) were used to produce personalized mesh titanium alloy scaffolds. Scaffolds printed using different parameters underwent fatigue property tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fracture points. Models of hemi‐mandibular defects (encompassing the temporomandibular joint) were created using beagle dogs. Freeze–dried allogeneic mandibles or 3D‐printed personalized mesh titanium alloy prostheses were used for repair. Gross observation, computed tomography (CT), SEM, and histological examinations were used to compare the two repair methods. The prostheses with filament diameters of 0.5 and 0.7 mm could withstand 14,000 times and >600,000 cycles of alternating stresses, respectively. The truss‐structure scaffold with a large aperture and large aperture ratio could withstand roughly 250,000 cycles of alternating forces. The allogeneic mandible graft required intraoperative shaping, while the 3D‐printed mesh titanium alloy prostheses were personalized and did not require intraoperative shaping. The articular disc on the non‐operated sides experienced degenerative changes. No liver and kidney toxicity was observed in the two groups of animals. The 3D‐printed mesh titanium alloy prostheses could effectively restore the shape of the mandibular defect region and reconstruct the temporomandibular joint.