bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Takeover Premia and Leverage: Theory, Empirical Observations and Recommendations
Authors: Covrig Vincent , McConaughy Daniel L. , Travers Mary Ann K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe greater a target company’s leverage, the less cash or shares an acquirer needs to control the target enterprise. Given the benefits of acquiring a target, the equity takeover premium is spread over relatively more assets in a more highly leveraged target, thus reducing the premium paid relative to the entire enterprise. This suggests that more levered targets may receive greater equity premia, expressed as a percent of the unaffected share price, other things equal. To test this, we examine takeover transactions that occurred during the 2003–2013 time period. We find that higher equity takeover premia are related to higher pre-deal leverage levels, consistent with theory. Our results are robust with respect to size, industry, profitability, year of transaction, synergy potential, and type of acquirer (strategic, horizontal or financial). Our empirical analyses support the Appraisal Foundation Working Group’s recommendation for best practices, namely, to adjust takeover premia for leverage.
Infinite-dimensional Monte-Carlo integration
Authors: Pantsulaia Gogi R. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
By using main properties of
uniformly distributed sequences of increasing finite
sets in infinite-dimensional rectangles in ℝ∞ described in
[Real Anal. Exchange 36 (2010/2011), no. 2,
325–340], a new approach for an infinite-dimensional Monte-Carlo integration is introduced and the validity of some infinite-dimensional strong law type theorems are obtained in this paper. In addition, by using properties of uniformly distributed sequences in the unit interval, a new proof of Kolmogorov's strong law of large numbers is obtained which essentially differs from its original proof.
Micro-flow assisted synthesis of fluorescent polymer nanoparticles with tuned size and surface properties
Authors: Visaveliya Nikunjkumar , Hoffmann Christian , Groß Alexander , Täuscher Eric , Ritter Uwe , Koehler J. Michael 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNumerous different photonics and biomedical applications depend on the fluorescent polymer micro- and nanoparticles. Besides optical or spectroscopic properties, the performance of the polymer nanoparticles is determined by their size, size distribution, and surface charge. Moreover, in order to realize a very uniform performance, the functional polymer nanoparticles should be of high homogeneity and demand for the preparation in a minimum number of synthesis steps. Here, we present a microfluidic-assisted synthesis of different types of reproducible fluorescent polymer nanoparticles with tuned size (40 nm up to 600 nm) and surface charge (ζ potential=-52 mV up to +45 mV). Four different preparation strategies were introduced for fluorophore-functionalized nanoparticles: (a) noncovalent binding of fluorophores with high loading, (b) covalent linking of fluorophores with enhanced stability, (c) surface-anchored fluorophores by hydrophobic interactions for triple function at the same time, and (d) surface immobilization of biomolecules and fluorophore by ionic as well as secondary interactions. In this way, four different classes of nanoparticles suited for different applications were prepared with a spherical shape as a model system. Moreover, the principle has been extended to the different types of nonspherical and composite polymer nanoparticles.
Graphene and its analogues
Authors: Kalavakunda Vijayaraghavan , Hosmane Narayan S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGraphene, a perfect lattice of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms, is currently among the most intensively researched material because of its mechanical, electronic, optical, and DNA-binding properties, and has found enormous applications in electronics, transistors, sensors, photovoltaics, optical and biological materials, among others. Many recent studies have established that graphene, in combination with other non-carbon nanoparticles, yields hybrid materials with improved properties. Graphene-boron nanohybrids are one such class of materials with alluring properties currently reported to be more advantageous than graphene as such. This review is intended to present a brief discussion about graphene, other carbon nanoallotropes, and a compilation of carbon nanoallotropes-boron nanoparticle hybrids much envisioned to expedite the boron-graphene hybrid research. We have attempted to present recent developments in these boron-based hybrid structures of carbon nanoallotropes, and augment the need for such advantageous materials.
Using informative Multinomial-Dirichlet prior in a t-mixture with reversible jump estimation of nucleosome positions for genome-wide profiling
Authors: Samb Rawane , Khadraoui Khader , Belleau Pascal , Deschênes Astrid , Lakhal-Chaieb Lajmi , Droit Arnaud 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGenome-wide mapping of nucleosomes has revealed a great deal about the relationships between chromatin structure and control of gene expression. Recent next generation CHIP-chip and CHIP-Seq technologies have accelerated our understanding of basic principles of chromatin organization. These technologies have taught us that nucleosomes play a crucial role in gene regulation by allowing physical access to transcription factors. Recent methods and experimental advancements allow the determination of nucleosome positions for a given genome area. However, most of these methods estimate the number of nucleosomes either by an EM algorithm using a BIC criterion or an effective heuristic strategy. Here, we introduce a Bayesian method for identifying nucleosome positions. The proposed model is based on a Multinomial-Dirichlet classification and a hierarchical mixture distributions. The number and the positions of nucleosomes are estimated using a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation technique. We compare the performance of our method on simulated data and MNase-Seq data from Saccharomyces cerevisiae against PING and NOrMAL methods.
Psychosomatic Aspects of Bronchial Asthma in Children
Authors: Krivonogova T. S. , Shemyakina T. A. , Babikova Yu. A. , Gavrilova A. N. 
Published: December 2015

Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic disease in children affecting 30% of the child population. The purpose of this review was to analyze and summarize the works of foreign and Russian authors who evaluated the impact of mental disorders on the course of asthma in children. The article presents the definition of asthma as a psychosomatic disease and relevance of the study against this background. The authors adduce the results of research studies which allow us to estimate the interaction between the degree of anxiety, accentuation of the nature, severity of asthma, and the duration of the disease. The existing publications demonstrate that the researchers' opinions are polarized regarding the cause-and-effect relationship between psychological disorders and controlled asthma. The authors came to a conclusion that early detection of psychopathological symptoms and appropriate psychotherapeutic administration would improve the efficacy of treatment in children with bronchial asthma and the social adaptation, adjust the system of family relations, and have a positive effect on the course of the disease.
Thyroid Adenomas in Children
Authors: Morozov D. A. , Pimenova E. S. , Mirokova E. D. 
Published: December 2015

According to the papers thyroid nodules are quite rare in the first two decades of life. However, there are some exceptions, relating to areas with an iodine deficiency or affected by radioactive fallout, where the risk of nodules and carcinomas is increased. Therefore, it is a great challenge for the physician to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions preoperatively, and not only in these areas of greater risk. The authors analyzed current works, which are devoted to diagnostics and treatment of adenomas of thyroid gland in children. This literature review is based on works dedicated to epidemiology, histotypes study, and methods of diagnostics, surgical treatment, prognosis and complications of this pathology. The current tendencies in surgical approaches, intraoperative monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve are also discussed. The actuality of this problem is connected with last decade increase of adenomas in structure of thyroid gland nodules, increase of number of patients with multiple adenomas and with polypathias: adenomas with nodular goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis and cancer in children. The difficulties of diagnostic of adenomas are related to the similar clinical symptoms, cytogenetic characteristics of growth of benign and malignant lesions of thyroid gland. Additionally there is no systematic review about thyroid adenomas in children recent years.
Vitamin D — A New Vector of Cancer Prevention?
Authors: Kobyakova O. S. , Deev I. A. , Tyufilin D. S. , Kulikov E. S. 
Published: December 2015

Currently, a great number of research projects are focused on finding new treatment methods for cancer and carcinogenesis predictors, as well as the ways to dicrease cancer development risks. This article provides an overview of research on vitamin D as cancer prevention factor. The results of independent experiments and in vitro tests explaining the mechanisms of protective effect of vitamin D and its derivatives on cancer are illustrated. The review of epidemiological survey results obtained from different countries and various populations that were focused on the association of vitamin D use with various cancer pathologies incidence was performed.
Epigenetic Aspects of Osteoporosis
Authors: Grebennikova T. A. , Belaya Zh. E. , Rozhinskaya L. Ya. , Mel'nichenko G. A. , Dedov I. I. 
Published: December 2015

This review describes the epigenetic regulation of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis and its future implementation in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. A considerable part of the review is dedicated to the microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small regulatory factors that regulate gene expression, by post-transcriptional regulation of genes playing an important role in numerous cellular processes, including cell differentiation and apoptosis. Recently, a number of studies have revealed that miRNAs participate in bone homeostasis and their role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is practically evident. In this review, we highlight the miRNAs involved in bone remodelling and their roles in osteoporosis. miRNAs are stable molecules which make them promising potential markers for bone remodeling and osteoporosis.
Mathematical Modeling of the Blood Glucose Regulation System in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Karpel’ev V. A. , Filippov Yu. I. , Tarasov Yu. V. , Boyarsky M. D. , Mayorov A. Yu. , Shestakova M. V. , Dedov I. I. 
Published: December 2015

Interest in the mathematical modeling of the carbohydrate metabolism regulation system increases in recent years. This is associated with a «closed loop» insulin pump development (it controls an insulin infusion depending on the blood glucose level). To create an algorithm for the automatic control of insulin (and other hormones) infusion using an insulin pump it is necessary to accurately predict glycaemia level. So, the primary objective of mathematical modeling is to predict the blood glucose level changes, caused by the wide range of external factors. This review discusses the main mathematical models of blood glucose level control physiological system (simplified insulin–glucose system). The two major classes of models — empirical and theoretical — are described in detail. The ideal mathematical model of carbohydrate metabolism regulatory system is absent. However, the success in the field of blood glucose level control modeling and simulating is essential for the further development of diabetes prevention and treatment technologies, and creating an artificial pancreas in particular.
In vitro Cultivation of Functioning Passaged Ciliated Epithelium for Trachea Tissue Engineering
Authors: Baranovsky D. S. , Lyundup A. V. , Parshin V. D. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Currently all tissue engineered trachea transplants had no ciliated epithelium until transplantation, and long-term temporary lack of mucociliary clearance leads to patients’ condition decline and reduced life quality in postoperative period. So, the need for a better cultivation method and studying ciliated epithelium growth characteristics in cell culture increased rapidly.Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate cultivation of functionally complete passaged ciliated epithelium for trachea tissue engineering.Methods: Human ciliated epithelium isolated from intraoperative bioptate was used for culturing in the special complex medium with morphological and functional characteristics evaluation.Results: Ciliated epithelial cell-groups were obtained by culturing in the special complex medium. Generated cell-groups had ciliary activity and showed well-coordinated movement with functional characteristics similar to native epithelial tissue. The basic parameters of cell-activity were studied.Conclusion: Thus our study provides a new insight for the problem of ciliated epithelium in vitro culturing as well as developing the optimal laboratory method.
Natriuretic Peptides: Role in Current Cardiology
Authors: Burnasheva G. A. , Napalkov D. A. 
Published: December 2015

Natriuretic peptides were discovered in 50–70s of the XX century. BNP was more diagnostically and prognostically significant, as it is secreted directly into the ventricles of the heart. The studies demonstrated a high predictive value of increasing the level of BNP in acute decompensation of heart failure and in patients with chronic heart failure in a study of Val-HeFT. It was demonstrated that monitoring the level of NT-proBNP can be used for the selection of optimal therapy, affect the course and outcome of the disease, and reduce the cost of treatment. The next step in learning BNP was to undertake attempts of their use in the therapy of heart failure. Long-term therapy BNP (drug nesiritide) improved left ventricular remodelling in patients with stable heart failure. Currently the definition of the levels of BNP and NT-proBNP is used for the diagnosis and management of patients with heart failure.
Gender Differences of Behavioral Risk Factors in Saint-Petersburg Inhabitants
Authors: Orlov A. V. , Rotar' O. P. , Boyarinova M. A. , Alieva A. S. , Dudorova E. A. , Kolesova E. P. , Moguchaya E. V. , Paskar' N. A. , Solntsev V. N. , Baranova E. A. , Konradi A. O. 
Published: December 2015

Background: In developed countries there are significant gender differences in lifetime expectancy that can be explained by behavioral risk factors (RF).Objective: The aim of our study was to estimate gender features of behavioral RF in general population of Saint-Petersburg, Russia.Methods: As a part of all-Russian epidemiology survey ESSE-RF a random sampling of 1600 Saint-Petersburg inhabitants (25-64 y.o.) stratified by age and sex was performed. All participants filled in the questionnaire. Anthropometry (weight, height, body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)) and fasting blood-tests (lipids, glucose by Abbott Architect 8000 (USA)) were performed.Results: There were examined 573 (36%) men and 1027 (64%) women. No gender differences in obesity were found according to BMI criteria — in 178 (31.2%) women and 352 (35.1%) men. Obesity was more often detected in females according to WC criteria: АТРIII — 44.1 vs 30.3%; IDF 51.2 vs 66.4% (p 0.001 for both). Linear regression analysis was performed and age was associated with BMI — 1.6 kg/m2/decade, WC in women — 5,2 cm/decade and WC in men — 2.8 cm/decade, р 0.001 for all anthropometric parameters. Optimal level of physical activity was equally documented in both genders — 540 (61.2%) women and 286 (58.9%) men. Daily intake of sweets was lower in men — 228 (39.8%) vs 539 (52.5%) in women (p 0.001). 810 (50,6%) of trial subjects were non-smokers, 395 (24,7%) were former smokers, and 395 (24,7%) were smokers at the moment of trial. The higher number of female smokers was observed — 194 (19.1%).Conclusion: A high prevalence of obesity is observed in sample of Saint-Petersburg inhabitants — it is higher among women according to WC criteria regardless of menopause, possibly due to bigger sweets consumption. Males smoke more often and consume less fresh fruits and vegetables which is accompanied by a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
Morphofunctional Changes of Spleen After Hemostasis by Nonequilibrium Plasma
Authors: Semichev E. V. , Baikov A. N. , Shevtsova N. M. , Bushlanov B. S. , Gereng E. A. , Aleinik A. N. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Heavy bleeding is developed in case of spleen injury. It often leads to death. At present the search and development of new methods for hemostasis of spleen bleeding continues. An innovative method is coagulation of nonequilibrium plasma.Objective: Our aim was to study the effect of nonequilibrium plasma on the morphofunctional state of the spleen.Methods: The non-randomized study by type of «case-control» was conducted. The experiment was carried out on 45 male rabbits weighing 3000–3200 g. 1st group (control; n =5) — intact animals without surgery; 2nd group (experimental, n =40) — animals after atypical resection of the spleen and hemostasis by nonequilibrium plasma. The volume of blood loss, FBC, histological data, splenogram analysis data were assessed at defined periods (60 min, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, 30th, 90th, 180th days) after surgery. They were compared with data of the control group.Results: The volume of blood loss during the resection of the spleen with hemostasis by nonequilibrium plasma was 16.6 [15.98;17.22] ml. Increase of neutrophil to 38 [24; 39] (control group 17 [13, 18], p =0.009), monocytes to 15 [14, 18] (control group 8 [6, 11], p =0.036) is revealed in the FBC in the early period after hemostasis with nonequilibrium plasma. It is reduced to the norm on 30 day. Histological examination revealed leukocyte infiltration, edema, microvascular stasis, dilatation of vessels in the early period. At long-term period structure of the organ is normalized. Splenogramm analysis revealed a statistically significant (p =0.023) decrease in the relative number of small lymphocytes by 28% in animals after hemostasis with nonequilibrium plasma as compared to control (23.3 [17.9; 26.7] versus 30.8 [29.25; 34.3]respectively).Conclusion: treatment of bleeding surface by plasma flow for 1.5–2 min is required order to achieve effective hemostasis during surgeryof spleen injuries in the experiment. After coagulation there is minimal damage of the spleen parenchyma, which manifests itself as activation reaction. At long-term period parenchyma of the spleen completely regenerates with the formation of cicatrical tissue that does not affect the functioning of organ.
Pathogenetic Relationship between Endothelial Dysfunction and Disorders of Blood Coagulation Potential in Pregnancy Complicated by Pre-Eclampsia
Authors: Sergeeva O. N. , Chesnokova N. P. , Ponukalina E. V. , Rogozhina I. E. , Glukhova T. N. 
Published: December 2015

Until now, there is no systematic information on the role of endothelial dysfunction in the mechanisms of disorders of blood coagulation potential and microcirculation in different organs and tissues in preeclampsia.Objective: Our aim was to extend the existing principles of diagnosis of pre-eclampsia by establishing the role of endothelial dysfunction in the mechanisms of blood coagulation potential violations. Methods: A prospective comparative study was performed. Condition of coagulation processes studied by conventional techniques, parameters of a functional endothelium (nitric oxide metabolites, endothelin 1, thrombospondin, thrombomodulin and intercellular adhesion molecules in blood plasma) — by ELISA.Results: The study group included 55 patients with moderate preeclampsia and 49 pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia, in the control group — 40 women with physiological pregnancy. In patients with pre-eclampsia moderate observed increase in plasma endothelin-1 (p 0.001), thrombospondin (p 0.001), intercellular adhesion molecules (p 0.001) while reducing the level of nitrogen oxide (p 0.001), increase in time of fibrinolysis (p 0.050) and decreased international normalized ratio (p 0.050) compared with the control group. With increasing severity of preeclampsia the researchers detected in blood plasma of patients a progressive increase in endothelin 1 (p1 0.020), thrombospondin (p1 0.001), intercellular adhesion molecules (p1 0.001) and decrease of nitric oxide metabolites (p1 0.001) and thrombomodulin (p1 0.001); the last combined with the activation of procoagulant hemostasis.Conclusion: There is a pathogenetic relationship between the development of endothelial dysfunction, impaired blood coagulation potential and the severity of clinical signs of preeclampsia. To widen the number of existing techniques to diagnose the severity of pre-eclampsia we recommende to mesure endothelin 1, thrombomodulin, thrombospondin, intercellular adhesion molecules and nitric oxide metabolites in the blood plasma, and use traditional indicators to assess the hemostatic system.
Evaluation of Bond Strength and Microleakage of a Novel Metal-titanate Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Deng S , Chung KH , Chan DCN , Spiekerman C 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYObjectives: To evaluate the effect on both bond strength and microleakage of incorporation of a novel antibacterial nanoparticulate metal-titanate complex (nMT) into a dental adhesive system.Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted human molars were prepared to determine whether incorporation of nMT into bonding agents can affect shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive strength fatigue. SBS was measured with a universal testing machine, and the peak force at failure was recorded. An electromechanical fatigue machine was used for cyclic loading treatment of specimens. Differences in the SBS values among groups were identified using analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc analyses (α=0.05). Twenty standard Class V cavities were restored to examine microleakage when the primer/bonding resin was modified with 10 wt% nMT. Microleakage at the enamel and dentin margins was calculated as a percentage of the full length of the cavity. Results of the microleakage experiment were analyzed with paired and independent sample t-tests (α=0.05).Results: The mean (± standard deviation) shear bond strength values of before fatigue and after fatigue ranged from 21.9 (2.5) MPa to 23.9 (3.8) MPa and from 17.1 (2.5) MPa to 17.7 (2.5) MPa respectively. No statistically significant differences in failure force were observed among groups (p=0.70). Microleakage under all conditions was significantly greater in the dentin margins than in the enamel margins (p&lt;0.05). There was no evidence that microleakage differed between the experimental groups with modified primer and bonding resin.Conclusions: Incorporating nMT into a dental adhesive system will not compromise the resin composite's tooth bonding and sealing ability.
Ceramic Veneers and Direct-Composite Cases of Amelogenesis Imperfecta Rehabilitation
Authors: Shibata S , Taguchi CMC , Gondo R , Stolf SC , Baratieri LN 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARY
The aim of this article is to present two case reports for the treatment of patients affected with amelogenesis imperfecta. One case was treated with composite resin and the other case with ceramic veneers. Esthetic and functional results were achieved using both treatments, and a review of advantages and disadvantages is presented.