bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of exertional rhabdomyolysis following high‐intensity resistance training
Authors: Huynh A. , Leong K. , Jones N. , Crump N. , Russell D. , Anderson M. , Steinfort D. , Johnson D. F. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundHigh‐intensity resistance training (HIRT) programmes are increasingly popular amongst personal trainers and those attending gymnasiums. We report the experience of exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) at two tertiary hospitals in Melbourne, Australia.AimsTo compare the clinical outcomes of ER with other causes of rhabdomyolysis.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional study of patients presenting with a serum creatine kinase (CK) of greater than 25 000 units/L from 1 September 2013 to 31 August 2014 at two tertiary referral hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. Records were examined to identify care measures implemented during hospital stay, clinical outcomes during admission and on subsequent follow up.ResultsThirty four cases of rhabdomyolysis with a CK of greater than 25 000 units/L (normal range: 20–180 units/L) were identified during the 12‐month study period. Twelve of the 34 cases (35%) had ER with 10 of 12 related to HIRT. No acute kidney injury, intensive care admission or death were seen among those with ER. All cases were managed conservatively, with 11 admitted and 9 receiving intravenous fluids only. In contrast, patients with rhabdomyolysis from other causes experienced significantly higher rates of intensive care admission (64%, P = 0.0002), acute kidney injury (82%, P = 0.0001) and death (27%, P = 0.069).Conclusion
ER resulting from HIRT appears to have a benign course compared with rhabdomyolysis of other aetiologies in patients with a serum CK greater than 25 000 units/L. Conservative management of ER appears to be adequate, although this requires confirmation in future prospective studies.
A Comparison of Two Methods for Generating Descriptive Attributes with Trained Assessors: Check‐All‐That‐Apply (CATA) vs. Free Choice Profiling (FCP)
Authors: Lazo Oxana , Claret Anna , Guerrero Luis 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe quality and reliability of descriptive profiles are closely linked to an accurate selection of the attributes included therein. Descriptive profiles with trained assessors often face challenges stemming from consensual procedures and the risk of forgetting some relevant descriptors. To overcome these problems, the suitability of two nonconsensual methods performed by trained assessors, namely free choice profiling (FCP) and check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA), are examined and compared when building a sensory profile for fish.Eighteen trained panelists having similar training were randomly split into two groups of nine assessors each. One group evaluated different fish species using CATA and the other using FCP, with both groups adopting the same experimental design.Although both methodologies generated an important number of sensory descriptors for the tested products, noticeable differences among methods were observed. CATA performed better than FCP in terms of the descriptive ability and slightly better regarding the discriminant capacity. Both methods provided similar product location in the multidimensional space. The RV coefficient was significantly different from zero for all the sensory modalities except for odor and texture. However, noticeable differences were observed in product description. The main limitations of the study were also discussed.Practical ApplicationsSensory descriptive analysis is normally the first step in the characterization of a food product, thus providing valuable information for food companies when designing and/or improving a product. This study shows and compares the usefulness of two methods, namely CATA and FCP, to obtain descriptive profiles, thus avoiding some of the bias linked to consensual procedures. Both methods are suitable for product discrimination, although they provide different sensory characterization for the different samples. The use of trained assessors, both with CATA and FCP, might increase the quality of a descriptive profile by avoiding useless terms and, especially in the case of CATA, ensuring that the most relevant descriptors are included.
Plant hormones: a fungal point of view
Authors: Chanclud Emilie , Morel Jean‐Benoit 
Published: March 2016

SummaryMost classical plant hormones are also produced by pathogenic and symbiotic fungi. The way in which these molecules favour the invasion of plant tissues and the development of fungi inside plant tissues is still largely unknown. In this review, we examine the different roles of such hormone production by pathogenic fungi. Converging evidence suggests that these fungal‐derived molecules have potentially two modes of action: (i) they may perturb plant processes, either positively or negatively, to favour invasion and nutrient uptake; and (ii) they may also act as signals for the fungi themselves to engage appropriate developmental and physiological processes adapted to their environment. Indirect evidence suggests that abscisic acid, gibberellic acid and ethylene produced by fungi participate in pathogenicity. There is now evidence that auxin and cytokinins could be positive regulators required for virulence. Further research should establish whether or not fungal‐derived hormones act like other fungal effectors.
Meloidogyne graminicola: a major threat to rice agriculture
Authors: Mantelin Sophie , Bellafiore Stéphane , Kyndt Tina 
Published: March 2016

SummaryTaxonomySuperkingdom Eukaryota; Kingdom Metazoa; Phylum Nematoda; Class Chromadorea; Order Tylenchida; Suborder Tylenchina; Infraorder Tylenchomorpha; Superfamily Tylenchoidea; Family Meloidogynidae; Subfamily Meloidogyninae; Genus Meloidogyne.BiologyMicroscopic non‐segmented roundworm. Plant pathogen; obligate sedentary endoparasitic root‐knot nematode. Reproduction: facultative meiotic parthenogenetic species in which amphimixis can occur at a low frequency (c. 0.5%); relatively fast life cycle completed in 19–27 days on rice depending on the temperature range.Host rangeReported to infect over 100 plant species, including cereals and grass plants, as well as dicotyledonous plants. Main host: rice (Oryza sativa).SymptomsCharacteristic hook‐shaped galls (root swellings), mainly formed at the root tips of infected plants. Alteration of the root vascular system causes disruption of water and nutrient transport, stunting, chlorosis and loss of vigour, resulting in poor growth and reproduction of the plants with substantial yield losses in crops.Disease controlNematicides, chemical priming, constant immersion of rice in irrigated fields, crop rotation with resistant or non‐host plants, use of nematode‐free planting material. Some sources of resistance to Meloidogyne graminicola have been identified in African rice species (O. glaberrima and O. longistaminata), as well as in a few Asian rice cultivars.Agronomic importanceMajor threat to rice agriculture, particularly in Asia. Adapted to flooded conditions, Meloidogyne graminicola causes problems in all types of rice agrosystems.
COLLECTIVE DECISION MAKING IN AN INTERNATIONAL RIVER POLLUTION MODEL
Authors: VAN DER LAAN GERARD , MOES NIGEL 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we study international river pollution problems. We introduce a model in which countries located along a river from upstream to downstream derive benefits from causing pollution, but also incur environmental costs from experiencing its own pollution and the pollution of all its upstream countries. The total welfare, being the sum of all benefits minus the sum of all costs, is maximized when all countries cooperate. Several principles from international water law are applied to find reasonable and fair distributions of the total welfare that can be obtained under full cooperation. Such a distribution of the welfare at efficient pollution levels can be implemented by monetary compensations.
Using open‐ended geographic information system assessments to allow students to construct relevant geographies given the internationalisation of tertiary education in New Zealand
Authors: Etherington Thomas R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe geospatial skills shortage in New Zealand requires the development of more undergraduate geographic information system (GIS) courses. However, the internationalisation of New Zealand's tertiary education system has resulted in an increasingly diverse tertiary student population, which makes it challenging to teach GIS in a way that maximises relevance to all tertiary students. One approach to this challenge is to make use of the recent proliferation of openly available GIS data, and to internationalise GIS curricula by using open‐ended assessments that provide students with the opportunity to learn GIS by constructing their own geographies of relevance.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of internet‐delivered interventions providing personalized feedback for weight loss in overweight and obese adults
Authors: Sherrington A. , Newham J. J , Bell R. , Adamson A. , McColl E. , Araujo‐Soares V. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundObesity levels continue to rise annually. Face‐to‐face weight loss consultations have previously identified mixed effectiveness and face high demand with limited resources. Therefore, alternative interventions, such as internet‐delivered interventions, warrant further investigation. The aim was to assess whether internet‐delivered weight loss interventions providing personalized feedback were more effective for weight loss in overweight and obese adults in comparison with control groups receiving no personalized feedback.MethodNine databases were searched, and 12 studies were identified that met all inclusion criteria.ResultsMeta‐analysis, identified participants receiving personalized feedback via internet‐delivered interventions, had 2.13 kg mean difference (SMD) greater weight loss (and BMI change, waist circumference change and 5% weight loss) in comparison with control groups providing no personalized feedback. This was also true for results at 3 and 6‐month time points but not for studies where interventions lasted ≥12 months.ConclusionThis suggests that personalized feedback may be an important behaviour change technique (BCT) to incorporate within internet‐delivered weight loss interventions. However, meta‐analysis results revealed no differences between internet‐delivered weight loss interventions with personalized feedback and control interventions ≥12 months. Further investigation into longer term internet‐delivered interventions is required to examine how weight loss could be maintained. Future research examining which BCTs are most effective for internet‐delivered weight loss interventions is suggested.
Complementary clinical effects of red complex bacteria on generalized periodontitis in a caucasian population
Authors: Lanza E , Magan‐Fernandez A , Bermejo B , de Rojas J , Marfil‐Alvarez R , Mesa F 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo relate five periodontopathogenic bacteria, including the red complex, to the severity, extent, and inflammation of the periodontal lesion in Caucasian patients with generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis and to explore whether tobacco use is associated with a specific bacterial profile.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional and analytic study was conducted in patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis. Data were gathered on socio‐demographic and periodontal variables, and RH‐PCR was used to determine subgingival bacterial profile. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsThe study included 60 patients with aggressive and 123 with chronic periodontitis. Total red complex bacteria count was higher in aggressive periodontitis, mainly due to T. denticola (P = 0.015). In both periodontitis types, models showed an association between T. forsythia count and probing depth (B = 0.157, P = 0.030) and between T. denticola count and higher bleeding scores (B = 2.371, P = 0.027). Smoking did not affect the red complex bacteria count in either disease.ConclusionsThe prevalence of red complex bacteria was similar between aggressive and chronic periodontitis, but their count was higher in the former. In both diseases, T. forsythia was associated with greater severity and T. denticola with more severe bleeding. Tobacco smoking was not associated with the presence of red complex bacteria in either disease.
Edgar Allan Poe: vers une poétique du maelström
Authors: Küpper Achim 
Published: March 2016

L’œuvre d'Edgar Allan Poe contient une série d’éléments qui peuvent être décrits comme des espaces clos littéraires : ces espaces textuels ne s'ouvrent pas au mouvement libre, à la communication, à l’échange, mais ils restent fermés sur eux et sont marqués d'un mouvement en spirale. La présente contribution ambitionne de mettre en relief cette caractéristique de l’œuvre littéraire de Poe en se fondant en particulier sur le conte The Purloined Letter et prenant aussi en compte la traduction française du texte par Charles Baudelaire. Celle‐ci sert en même temps de base pour une réflexion sur des aspects de traductibilité.L'article part d'une microanalyse du premier paragraphe du récit de Poe pour montrer à quel point ce passage est composé selon une logique de la circularité et de la fermeture. Dans une deuxième étape, l'examen des espaces clos s’étend au niveau du récit global ainsi qu’à d'autres textes de Poe. L'analyse se focalise en particulier sur la structure de la mise en abyme et sur les formes de la spirale, du tourbillon, du maelström comme géométries immanentes, autoréflexives de l’œuvre littéraire de Poe. C'est en ce sens que cette œuvre laisse entrevoir une poétique du maelström, aquatique, abyssale, hermétique.
Comparison of outcome measures in allergic rhinitis in children, adolescents and adults
Authors: Devillier Philippe , Bousquet Philippe‐Jean , Grassin‐Delyle Stanislas , Salvator Hélène , Demoly Pascal , Bousquet Jean , de Beaumont Olivier 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundGrass pollen‐induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) is very common worldwide. However, its symptoms may vary with the patient's age. The present study compared symptom profiles and quality of life (QoL) in children, adolescents and adults with grass pollen‐induced AR.MethodsThis was a four‐week, multicentre, observational study of children (aged 6–11), adolescents (12–17) and adults (18–65) consulting specialist physicians in France. The management of AR was at the physicians’ discretion. Participants regularly rated their symptoms (the rhinoconjunctivitis total symptom score (RTSS) and a visual analogue scale (VAS)) and QoL (the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ).ResultsA total of 806 patients (253 children, 250 adolescents and 303 adults, of whom 83.5% suffered from moderate‐to‐severe, persistent AR) provided data for at least the first 2 weeks of the study. Ocular pruritus (the most bothersome symptom in children (35%), adolescents (22%) and adults (16%)) was associated with poor QoL in all groups, whereas nasal obstruction and pruritus were associated with poor QoL in adolescents and children. Over 4 weeks, the weekly mean RTSS and VAS scores fell by around half. This change was associated with an improvement in the RQLQ scores. In all age groups, the VAS score was well correlated with the weekly mean RTSS score (Pearson's r: 0.79–0.88) and moderately correlated with the weekly mean RQLQ score (Pearson's r: 0.64–0.80).ConclusionsIn moderate‐to‐severe grass pollen‐induced AR, symptom perception differs in children vs. older patients. However, the assessments of treatment outcomes (using the RTSS, VAS and RQLQ) were similar in all age groups.
Production of highly bioactive resveratrol analogues pterostilbene and piceatannol in metabolically engineered grapevine cell cultures
Authors: Martínez‐Márquez Ascensión , Morante‐Carriel Jaime A. , Ramírez‐Estrada Karla , Cusidó Rosa M. , Palazon Javier , Bru‐Martínez Roque 
Published: March 2016

SummaryGrapevine stilbenes, particularly trans‐resveratrol, have a demonstrated pharmacological activity. Other natural stilbenes derived from resveratrol such as pterostilbene or piceatannol, display higher oral bioavailability and bioactivity than the parent compound, but are far less abundant in natural sources. Thus, to efficiently obtain these bioactive resveratrol derivatives, there is a need to develop new bioproduction systems. Grapevine cell cultures are able to produce large amounts of easily recoverable extracellular resveratrol when elicited with methylated cyclodextrins and methyl jasmonate. We devised this system as an interesting starting point of a metabolic engineering‐based strategy to produce resveratrol derivatives using resveratrol‐converting enzymes. Constitutive expression of either Vitis vinifera resveratrol O‐methyltransferase (VvROMT) or human cytochrome P450 hydroxylase 1B1 (HsCYP1B1) led to pterostilbene or piceatannol, respectively, after the engineered cell cultures were treated with the aforementioned elicitors. Functionality of both gene products was first assessed in planta by Nicotiana benthamiana agroinfiltration assays, in which tobacco cells transiently expressed stilbene synthase and VvROMT or HsCYP1B1. Grapevine cell cultures transformed with VvROMT produced pterostilbene, which was detected in both intra‐ and extracellular compartments, at a level of micrograms per litre. Grapevine cell cultures transformed with HsCYP1B1 produced about 20 mg/L culture of piceatannol, displaying a sevenfold increase in relation to wild‐type cultures, and reaching an extracellular distribution of up to 45% of total production. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of this novel system for the bioproduction of natural and more bioactive resveratrol derivatives and suggest new ways for the improvement of production yields.
Perception and Knowledge in Plato's Theaetetus
Authors: Thaler Naly 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this paper, I examine several key issues relating to the definition of knowledge as perception in the first part of Plato's Theaetetus. I begin by explaining the workings of the ‘secret doctrine’ of perception, which is introduced in order to support the idea that perception is incorrigible (and hence worthy to the title of knowledge), and then turn to examine the two refutations of the definition of knowledge as perception which appear at the end of the first part of the Theaetetus. I shall present and explain distinct lines of interpretation pertaining to these passages and explore the consequences they attempt to draw regarding Plato's views on the perceptual world, the nature of perception and how these bear on his conception of knowledge.
The Epistemology of Education
Authors: Watson Lani 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe landscape of contemporary epistemology has significantly diversified in the past 30 years, shaped in large part by two complementary movements: virtue and social epistemology. This diversification provides an apt theoretical context for the epistemology of education. No longer concerned exclusively with the formal analysis of knowledge, epistemologists have turned their attention towards individuals as knowers, and the social contexts in which epistemic goods such as knowledge and understanding are acquired and exchanged. As such, the concerns of epistemology have once again aligned with questions lying at the heart of the philosophy of education regarding the nature, aims and practice of education. Employing the conceptual tools and frameworks of the contemporary field, these questions are addressed by both epistemologists and education theorists in the emerging epistemology of education literature.
The risk of allowing blood donation from men having sex with men after a temporary deferral: predictions versus reality
Authors: Germain Marc 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDIn most industrialized countries, men who had sex with men (MSM) are permanently deferred from blood donation. Some countries have adopted a temporary deferral after the MSM behavior, thus avoiding donations made during the window period of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, one concern with this approach is the possible increase in the number of HIV‐positive donations obtained from unknowingly infected, abstinent MSM; such donations might inadvertently be made available for transfusion, a risk that was previously estimated through mathematical modeling.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSModel predictions were compared to the actual donor rate of HIV in three countries that went from a permanent to a temporary deferral: Australia, the United Kingdom, and Canada.RESULTSDepending on the model, a temporary deferral should have increased the rate of HIV in the male donor pool by 73% to more than 3400%. In reality, the very low baseline rate of HIV before the change in these three countries (22 cases/year) remained unchanged 2 years after the revised policy (16 cases/year).CONCLUSIONThese observations strongly suggest that a temporary deferral for MSM incurs zero risk to recipients, at least in jurisdictions where HIV epidemiology is comparable to that of countries where the change happened.
Plastic Collapse Behaviors of Tubulars With Recess Patterns
Authors: Zhao Haifeng , Iblings David , Barykin Aleksey , Mehdi Mohamed 
Published: March 2016

The collapse strength of tubulars with recess patterns machined into their walls is an important topic for oilfield downhole tools as it applies to perforating guns, prepacked sand screens, and perforated and slotted liners.
This paper presents a study of the plastic collapse behavior of thick-walled tubulars (those with an outside diameter to thickness ratio of approximately 10) having different patterns of circular recesses (blind holes partially machined into the tubing wall) that are subjected to external pressure. An empirical relationship between the reduction in collapse strength and the periodic distribution of recesses was constructed to account for the weakening effects of recess diameter, recess depth, axial spacing, angular phasing, etc. This strength reduction factor was introduced into the Tamano formula to predict collapse strength of recessed tubulars. Applicability of this empirical formula was validated with the aid of nonlinear, post-buckling Finite Element Analyses (FEA). The modeling approach was verified by full-scale physical tests. However, results of the physical testing are not presented in this paper.
The strength reduction factor in combination with the Tamano formula provides a simple way of parametrically predicting the collapse strength of tubulars having circular recess patterns.
The New Rail System
Authors: Rowe Dale W. 
Published: March 2016

The objective of this study was to define the elements of a rail system capable of achieving a 1000-fold increase in freight throughput, accommodate passenger travel, be capable of a phased implementation, be affordable and have a payback to an adopting railroad of less than seven years.
This paper describes a novel New Rail System, “NRS” that achieves the stated objectives. The NRS utilizes existing rail rights-of-way and tracks. It has the capability to accommodate both freight and passenger movement. In its initial implementation it supports speeds of 85 mph. Although no invention is required, three modifications to the railroad infrastructure are required, (1) elimination of at-grade crossings, (2) electrification, and (3) transition from diesel-electric locomotive powered trains to individual electrical powered pallets to allow flexible routing and sorting in the network.
The four elements defining NRS are; (1) self-powered 70-foot pallets, (2) freight and passenger payload modules (loadable and unloadable from the pallets), (3) pallet yards, accumulators and transfer stations, and (4) a pallet control system.
An initial cost-benefits analysis shows that if BNSF implemented the NRS on its Southern Transcon route between Los Angeles and Chicago a payback of the initial $21.2 billion investment can be achieved in under four-years.