bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of dynamic thickness change across diverse outlet glacier geometries and basal conditions
Authors: Yang Donglai , Poinar Kristin , Nowicki Sophie , Csatho Beata 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Outlet glaciers in Greenland are undergoing retreat and diffusive thinning in response to external forcings, but the rates and magnitudes of these responses differ from glacier to glacier for unclear reasons. We test how changes in ice overburden pressure and basal lubrication affect diffusive thinning rates and their spatial patterns by conducting numerical experiments over various idealized Greenland-like glacier domains. We find that ~10 km frontal retreat over a decade can produce sustained thinning rates as large as 16 m a−1 due to ice overburden pressure changes, at outlet glaciers with high basal drag (>60 kPa) and lateral resistive stress (>70 kPa). Localized basal lubrication perturbations induce upstream thinning and downstream thickening up to 12 m a−1; the duration of the lubrication forcing generally has a greater effect than its intensity on induced thickness changes. Lastly, episodic grounding line retreats over a rough bed produce a stepped time series of thinning broadly consistent with observations of dynamic elevation change on multiple Greenland glaciers. Our findings highlight the critical role of the total grounding zone – not ice front position – through the resistive stress change in relation to total glacier thinning.
ecolRxC: Ecological inference estimation of R × C tables using latent structure approaches
Authors: Pavía Jose M. , Thomsen Søren Risbjerg 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEcological inference is a statistical technique used to infer individual behavior from aggregate data. A particularly relevant instance of ecological inference involves the estimation of the inner cells of a set of R × C related contingency tables when only their aggregate margins are known. This problem spans multiple disciplines, including quantitative history, epidemiology, political science, marketing, and sociology. This paper proposes new models for solving the problem using the latent structure theory, and presents theecolRxCpackage, anRimplementation of this methodology. This article exemplifies, explains, and statistically documents the new extensions and, using real inner cell election data, shows how the new models inecolRxClead to significantly more accurate solutions thanecolandVTR, twoStataroutines suggested within this framework.ecolRxCalso holds its own againstei.MD.bayesandnslphom, the two algorithms currently identified in the literature as the most accurate to solve this problem.ecolRxCrecords accuracies as good as those reported forei.MD.bayesandnslphom. Besides, from a theoretical perspective,ecolRxCstands up for modeling a causal theory of political behavior to build its algorithm. This distinguishes it from other procedures proposed from different frameworks (such asei.MD.bayesandnslphom) which model expected behaviors, instead of modeling how voters make choices based on their underlying preferences asecolRxCdoes.
Unveiling disparities: a non-linear decomposition analysis of the gap in menstrual hygiene material use between adolescent women in Aspirational and the remaining districts of India
Authors: Chakrabarty Mahashweta , Singh Aditya , Let Subhojit , Singh Shivani 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to the gap in the use of hygienic materials during menstruation to collect blood among adolescent women between Aspirational and the remaining districts of India. The study sample consisted of 114805 adolescent women (20835 women from 112 Aspirational districts and 93970 women from 595 remaining districts) from the National Family Health Survey-5. Fairlie decomposition was used to identify and measure the factors contributing to the gap in the use of hygienic materials between Aspirational and the remaining districts of India. This study determined that the use of hygienic materials during menstruation varied significantly between Aspirational and the remaining districts. While only 37% of adolescent women used hygienic materials in Aspirational districts, almost 52% did so in the remaining districts. Seventy-five per cent of Aspirational districts (84 of 112 districts) reported less than 50% use of hygienic materials, which is lower than the national average and the average of the remaining districts. It was revealed that nearly 90% of the total explained gap between the two groups was accounted for by household wealth, place of residence, exposure to mass media, and education level. Wealth was the main contributor to the gap, explaining about 46% of the difference in hygienic materials use between Aspirational and the remaining districts, followed by the place of residence (18%), exposure to mass media (15%), and education level (11%). Findings suggest that targeted interventions to improve access to hygienic materials among adolescent women in Aspirational districts, particularly those in the northern states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh, are necessary. Policy efforts should focus on women from poor households, improving access to education, and expanding mass media exposure in Aspirational districts to reduce the gap in menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent women in India.
Productive performance and milk composition of dairy ewes supplemented with corn silage (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) silage and their mixture
Authors: Gonzalez-Ronquillo Manuel , Ghavipanje Navid , Robles-Jimenez Lizbeth E. , Cardoso-Gutierrez Eduardo , Aranda-Aguirre Edgar , Lizarazo Augusto , Garcia Herrera Ricardo A. , Castelán Ortega Octavio A. , Vargas-Bello-Pérez Einar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe work reported in the Research Communication investigated in vitro rumen gas kinetics and fermentation profile as well as in vivo performance of lactating ewes fed corn silage (CS), sunflower silage (SFS) and their 50 : 50 mixture (CS-SFS). For the in vivo experiment, nine early-lactation Suffolk × Texel ewes were grouped in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design of three 21-d periods. Treatments were based on ad libitum CS, SFS, and CS-SFS supplemented with concentrate at 48 g/kg LW0.75. In vitro results showed that the CS had the highest dry matter degraded substrate and microbial crude protein production followed by CS-SFS. The in vivo data showed that animals fed on CS had higher digestibility of dry matter and organic matter than CS-SFS, while SFS were intermediate. Nitrogen (N) intake, fecal N excretion, and urine N excretion were similar between groups, however, milk N excretion was lower in SFS than CS. Milk yield was higher for CS and CS-SFS than SFS group, however, SFS-fed ewes had higher milk fat content than either CS or CS-SFS (all differences reported here were significant, P < 0.05 or better). Overall, CS-SFS could be used as dietary roughage for dairy ewes without deleterious effects on nutrient intake, N-balance and milk yield whilst potentially offering a more sustainable alternative to CS.
Business continuity, bureaucratic resilience and the limitations of neoliberal survival logics in international organisations
Authors: Holmes Georgina , Newnham Sarah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article contends that investigating relationalities between business continuity management (BCM), staff behaviours, and bureaucratic resilience advances understandings of the survival of international organisations (IOs). Drawing on in-depth interviews, a global staff survey, and a discourse analysis of United Nations (UN) reports and applying a post-colonial feminist theoretical approach foregrounding care ethics to the study of IOs, the article examines how the UN Secretary-General’s Alternative Working Arrangements directive to close physical offices and open ‘virtual offices’ was implemented in the first 18 months of the Covid-19 pandemic. It is contended that BCM is necessary for IO survival, since if the IO bureaucracy is unable to be productive and maintain its spheres of influence during a crisis, it risks losing power and authority. Between March 2020 and August 2021, staff facilitated IO survival organically, from the bottom up, in four ways: demonstrating good performance and productivity; being adaptable and resilient; maintaining personal spheres of influence; and building communities of care within the UN. However, the UN’s neoliberal, technocratic approach to business continuity and bureaucratic resilience-building neglected staff care needs. Consequently, IO survival is predicated on staff performing as exploited gendered and racialised ‘neoliberal subjects’, revealing a chronic structural crisis rooted in the UN bureaucracy’s hierarchical composition and unequal employment regime.
Joining alone: factors that influence the musical participation of young adults after leaving school
Authors: White Emma , Pitts Stephanie E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
When young people leave the musical world of their school environment, a lack of clear routes into adult musical engagement brings a risk of wasted ability, motivation and enjoyment, which arguably undermines the value of music education. This study explored the factors that influence continued musical participation among young British adults who had been actively engaged in school music. Musical participation is defined in this research as group music-making in either a formal or informal setting. Participants (n = 102) completed an online questionnaire or were interviewed (n = 6) about their past and present musical experiences along with future expectations for music-making. The stark headline finding was that while 87% of participants had intended to continue with music-making beyond school, only 48% had found groups to join. Nonetheless, 78% expected to continue with music-making in the future. Our research therefore suggests that any break from musical participation need not be permanent for individuals who have established strong musical identities through their early experiences. To conclude, we present a model of lifelong musical participation that illustrates the influences, motivations and choices that contribute to sustained musical engagement.
Creating a Multidisciplinary Bioethics Ambassador Program at a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Scharf Amy E. , Blackler Liz , Matsoukas Konstantina , James Monique C. , Thomas Amy , Voigt Louis P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Ethics Committee at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) developed a Bioethics Ambassador Program (BAP); a yearlong educational program to assist clinical and non-clinical staff develop the skills to identify and address common burgeoning ethical issues that can arise during the provision of care to patients with cancer. The goal was to provide greater awareness of the role and services of Ethics, particularly at the institution’s geographically-diverse outpatient care centers and to better-instill a culture of preventative ethics. This article discusses the design and implementation of the first two years of the program and analyzes its strengths, weaknesses, and impact on MSK.
Establishment of trophoblast cell line derived from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) parthenogenetic embryo
Authors: Mohapatra Sushil K. , Sandhu Anjit , Palta Prabhat , Singh Manoj K. , Singla Suresh K. , Chauhan Manmohan S. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryWe have established trophoblast cell lines, from parthenogenesis-derived buffalo blastocysts. The buffalo trophoblast cells were cultured continuously over 200 days and 21 passages. These cells were observed by phase-contrast microscopy for their morphology and characterized by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence against trophoblast-specific markers and cytoskeletal proteins. Trophoblast cells showed positive staining for CDX2, a marker of these cells at both blastocyst and cell line levels. Epithelial morphology of these cells was revealed by positive staining against cytokeratins and tubulin but not against vimentin and dolichos biflorus agglutinin. Gene expression profiles of many important placenta-specific genes were studied in the primary trophectoderm outgrowths, which were collected on days 0, 5, 9, 12 and 15 of culture and trophoblast cell line at passages 12–15. Therefore, the trophoblast cell line derived can potentially be used for in vitro studies on buffalo embryonic development.
Comparing Gendered Exposure and Impact in Online Election Violence: Tunisian Political Candidates Targeted on Facebook
Authors: Holm Malin , Bjarnegård Elin , Zetterberg Pär 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElection violence is increasingly taking place online. However, we still do not know much about how such attacks affect the representation of politically marginalized groups such as women. This article develops and applies strategies for analyzing (gendered) exposure to and impacts of online attacks against political candidates. It focuses on the 2019 parliamentary election campaign in Tunisia and combines manual analysis of Tunisian candidates’ public Facebook pages with candidate interviews. We find no gendered patterns in exposure to online election violence in the Facebook data and a low general exposure to attacks. The interview data nevertheless suggests gendered perceptions and impacts of attacks, as well as a perception among the candidates that online election violence is widespread and problematic. These discrepancies highlight that we need a combination of methods and materials to capture the multifaceted nature of online election violence, and in particular those that directly link candidate exposure to impact.
The Day After a Broken Democratic Polity
Authors: Kristan M. Victoria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Lon Fuller’s fictional Purple Shirt regime, Victor Orbán’s illiberal democracy in today’s Hungary and the Kaczynski brothers’ recently ended unconstitutional republic of Poland are three examples of a ‘broken democratic polity’ in which many aspects of the rule of law and constitutional democracy have been compromised and cannot be fixed without a qualified majority, even if democratic forces come to power. In this article, I address the question of whether illegal state action of a democratic government is an appropriate means of restoring legitimacy to what I call a ‘broken’ polity. Put differently: Is it morally defensible for a new democratically elected government to override and replace the rules of illiberal constitutional reform in violation of formal legality? If so, under what conditions? I argue that a positive answer to this question is justified if we adopt a neo-republican approach to politics and legitimacy.
Ostracism Experiences Are Associated With More Frequent Doctor Visits Over Time
Authors: Büttner Christiane M. , Lalot Fanny , Rudert Selma C. , Greifeneder Rainer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Background: Individuals generally see doctors to get physically well, with potential benefits but also costs. We investigate ostracism (feeling ignored and excluded) as one possible factor for frequently seeing doctors. Aims: We test three different conceptual accounts: (1) Ostracism may impact health through stress and social pain processes (i.e., sickness account). (2) Seeing doctors may satisfy psychological needs that are typically threatened by ostracism, constituting a way of coping (i.e., coping account). (3) In the reverse direction, individuals who see doctors more frequently may be ostracized out of health stigmatization (i.e., stigmatization account). Method. Ostracism experiences, number of doctor visits, and medical diagnoses were assessed in a longitudinal, nationally representative panel survey of German adults ( N = 2,001, two waves). Results: In cross-lagged panel analyses, ostracism predicts more frequent doctor visits 3 years later, even when controlling for medical diagnoses, suggesting doctor visits as a way of coping with ostracism. Number of medical diagnoses, but not doctor visits, longitudinally predict ostracism reports, potentially as an expression of health stigmatization. Limitations: The present results have been accrued in one context (Germany). We used retrospective recall of doctor visits, although we do not expect systematic recall biases based on ostracism experiences that could have altered the results. Conclusion: Ostracism leads to more frequent health care utilization. We conclude that seeing doctors more frequently may be a response to ostracism and call for efforts to develop ostracism-specific treatments and interventions.
A Lagrangian Model‐Based Analysis of Protist Plankton Variability and Its Impact on Organic Matter Dynamics Along Transit Pathways Through the Fram Strait
Authors: Lampe Vanessa , Hunter Aidan , Ward Ben Andrew , Nöthig Eva‐Maria , Engel Anja , Ellingsen Ingrid Helene , Schartau Markus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean is characterized by substantial seasonal and inter‐annual variability, of which the sources and impacts are not yet fully understood. Here, we analyze how much of the variability found in in situ observations of biogeochemical and ecological variables collected at the Long‐Term Ecological Research Observatory HAUSGARTEN can be explained by differences in the physical conditions in the water masses passing through the Fram Strait (FS). Employing a size‐based plankton ecosystem model with nine distinct size classes of protist phyto‐ and zooplankton, we simulate standing stocks and fluxes within the nutrient, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus pools in water parcels that follow trajectories tracing the opposing East‐Greenland and West‐Spitsbergen currents through the FS. Our model results agree with in situ observations of biogeochemical tracers, plankton size measurements, climatological data, and remote sensing observations. They show distinct temporal developments in plankton size composition, growth, and export in trajectory ensembles, highlighting how variable physical conditions affect the communities' specific growth histories. Our study indicates that 10%–72% of the variability in upper water column tracer concentrations observed in the FS can be attributed to differences in water parcel trajectories. The maxima of net primary production and vertical export along the trajectories occurred in some (spatial and temporal) distance upstream of the sites of in situ sampling. This study shows that Lagrangian modeling helps clarify complex biogeochemical‐ecological relationships in highly dynamic systems such as the FS, which is urgently needed to understand the role of climate change in the Arctic carbon cycle.
Development of quality indicators for hypertension management at the primary health care level in South Africa
Authors: Rampamba Enos Muisaphanda , Meyer Johanna Catharina , Godman Brian , Ndwamato Ntodeni Norah , Campbell Stephen Mark. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite many quality initiatives at the primary health care (PHC) level, little is known about the actual quality of care of patients diagnosed with hypertension in South Africa. This study aimed to develop quality indicators for hypertension management at the PHC level to improve the quality of care and patient outcomes. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, comprising two rounds, was used to develop clear, appropriate, and feasible evidence-based quality indicators for hypertension. In Round 1, a 9-point scale was used by a panel of 11 members to rate clarity and appropriateness of 102 hypertension quality indicator statements, grouped under 9 dimensions of quality hypertension management, using an online MS Excel® spreadsheet. In Round 2, 9 of the same panellists discussed all indicators and rated their appropriateness and feasibility during a remote online, interactive face-to-face MS Teams® meeting. Statements rated ≥7–9 with agreement were defined as either appropriate or feasible. The panel rated 46 hypertension quality indicator statements ≥7–9 with agreement for the appropriate and feasible measurement of the management of hypertension: monitoring (n = 16), review (n = 5), lifestyle advice (n = 9), tests (n = 7), intermediate outcomes (n = 6), referrals (n = 2) and practice/facility structures (n = 1). No indicator statements were rated both appropriate and feasible for measuring blood pressure levels and treatment. If applied, these indicators would improve monitoring and management of patients with hypertension, patient outcomes, and data quality in South Africa and result in more efficient use of scarce resources. This study can be replicable for improving care of other non-communicable diseases across Africa.
Imaging magnetic transition of magnetite to megabar pressures using quantum sensors in diamond anvil cell
Authors: Wang Mengqi , Wang Yu , Liu Zhixian , Xu Ganyu , Yang Bo , Yu Pei , Sun Haoyu , Ye Xiangyu , Zhou Jingwei , Goncharov Alexander F. , Wang Ya , Du Jiangfeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh-pressure diamond anvil cells have been widely used to create novel states of matter. Nevertheless, the lack of universal in-situ magnetic measurement techniques at megabar pressures makes it difficult to understand the underlying physics of materials’ behavior at extreme conditions, such as high-temperature superconductivity of hydrides and the formation or destruction of the local magnetic moments in magnetic systems. Here, we break through the limitations of pressure on quantum sensors by modulating the uniaxial stress along the nitrogen-vacancy axis and develop the in-situ magnetic detection technique at megabar pressures with high sensitivity ($$\sim 1{{{\rm{\mu }}}}{{{\rm{T}}}}/\sqrt{{{{\rm{Hz}}}}}$$
~
1
μ
T
/

Hz

) and sub-microscale spatial resolution. By directly imaging the magnetic field and the evolution of magnetic domains, we observe the macroscopic magnetic transition of Fe3O4 in the megabar pressure range from ferrimagnetic (α-Fe3O4) to weak ferromagnetic (β-Fe3O4) and finally to paramagnetic (γ-Fe3O4). The scenarios for magnetic changes in Fe3O4 characterized here shed light on the direct magnetic microstructure observation in bulk materials at high pressure and contribute to understanding magnetism evolution in the presence of numerous complex factors such as spin crossover, altered magnetic interactions and structural phase transitions.