bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of fatigue on adolescents sleep habits in Nigeria
Authors: Igbokwe D. , Ola B.A. , Odebunmi A. , Gesinde A.M. , Alao A.A. , Agbu J. , Ndom R.J.E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAdolescents in Nigeria tend to report feelings of mental, physical and general fatigue without having correspondingly exerted themselves to trigger this. This tiredness has been observed to also affect their sleep habits.AimWe set out to investigate how the report of tiredness by in-school adolescents tends to affect their sleep habits both on weekdays and weekends.MethodsThe Tripartite Fatigue Scale (TFS) and a modified version of the School Sleep Habits Survey (SSHS) were administered on 606 (272 males and 334 females) secondary school adolescents in Lagos and Ogun states of Nigeria aged between 12–19 years (χ2 = 15.24; SD = 1.42) in their classrooms.ResultsA multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyse the effect of fatigue on the sleep habits of adolescents. The result shows that fatigue significantly affects the sleep habits of adolescents during weekends and weekdays, F (3, 602) = 20.068, P ≤ 0.01; Pillai's Trace = 0.91, partial η2 = 0.91. The adolescents also reported general inadequate sleep (χ2 = 6.29 SD = 2.32), less than the required amount of adequate sleep their age. Additional Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) result showed that fatigue significantly affected the students self-reported grade F (3, 605) = 5.32, P = 0.01.ConclusionsThe present study has empirically highlighted that the consistent complaint of tiredness by secondary school adolescents in Nigeria emanates from fatigue marked mostly by insufficient sleep.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The body image and psychopathology in children
Authors: Ivanov M. , Platonova N. , Kozlovskaya G. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe body image development begins at an early age. Children with psychopathology may have body image disturbances. It is important to determine nosological specificity of body image disturbances in children.ObjectivesTo reveal body image disturbances in: 20 people (12 boys, 8 girls) having schizophrenia; 18 people (8 boys, 10 girls) with detected fact of sexual abuse (catamnesis study over a 5-year period); control group – 5 boys, 5 girls with normal psycho-physical development.AimsTo reveal body image disturbance in children in case of psychopathology.MethodsAll the children were examined clinically and paraclinically by psychiatrist and clinical psychologist (projective techniques; standardized personality questionnaires and semantic method [analysis of statements]).Results and conclusionsIn children having schizophrenia specific disturbances of proprioceptive self-awareness in the form of senestopathy (feelings of compression, deformation, size loss or size gain of the body) and the idea of physical defect, are considered as the early symptoms of the body dysmorphic disorder. In this group of children disturbances of body scheme, difficulties in right/left orientation were detected. In the group of children with detected fact of sexual abuse the following disturbances took place: the body dysmorphic disorder (self-disgust, considering body to be tainted by the abuser, feeling dirty, compulsive body washing, sensitivity to touch) and senestopathy below one's waist, in the area of genitals, feeling dirtiness of the skin and clothes. In the pictures drawn by the children, they represented themselves older, grotesquely painted their faces, pictured strange haircuts, preferring bright and extravagant clothes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Virtual sexuality of the Tunisian teenagers
Authors: Khemakhem R. , Homri W. , Karoui D. , Mezghani M. , Mouelhi L. , Bram N. , Ben Romdhane I. , Labbane R. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe digital boom and the media coverage of the sexuality urge the youngest to expose itself more and more via the social networks and other digital applications.Aims/objectiveTo explore the virtual sexuality of the Tunisian teenagers.MethodsIt's a cross-sectional study made in August 2015, including 104 Tunisian teenagers from different social backgrounds and living in Tunis, chosen aimlessly. An auto-railing drafted in Arabic, anonymous and carrying on various items was distributed.ResultsWe included 52 boys and 52 girls. Seven of them (6.1%) was not schooled and 68.3% (n = 71) were at high school. Ninety-one of the teenagers (87.5%) reported not have sexual education at school and 74% (n = 77) have already turned to web sites to inquire about sexuality. A regular practice of cybersex at the rate of at least once a week, was founded at 36.5% (n = 36) and 41 teenagers (39.4%) have reported to have already undressed in front of their webcam. The candidates have already consulted a pornographic site at least once in their life in 76.9% (n = 80) of the cases. The allocated time for these virtual activities is made to the detriment of the sleep in 75% of the cases (n = 27). The connection was accompanied with a masturbatory activity in 38.9% (n = 14).ConclusionContrary to preconceived ideas, the computer screen does not protect from sexual risk behaviors. Therefore, a sexual education for the youngest is more than ever necessary to avoid such drift.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Optimization of therapy clinic-immunological disorders with heroin addiction
Authors: Khodjaeva N. , Sultanov S. 
Published: May 2016

The immune defect can be found in all forms of addiction (Frank, 2004). These data determine the use of funds in immunotropic heroin addiction.ObjectiveTo study the effectiveness of antidepressant sevpram (citalopram) and its combination with galavit (imunomodulyator) on a background of standard pharmacotherapy in heroin addiction. To evaluate the immune status of the following methods:– evaluation of lymphocytes (CD4), (CD8) with monoclonal antibodies in cytotoxicity assay;– determination of serum immunoglobulin classes A, M, G performed by turbidimetric analysis;– the concentration of the CIK (circulating immunnokompleks) was determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol.Patients of the 1st group was administered into the sevpram 10 mg/day in combination with galavit (25 mg daily); group 2 – only the standard therapy (ST).The results of researchAs a result of the treatment in the first group showed an increase of 34.8%) the number of immunoglobulin A, which however does not reach the level of healthy people and reducing the number of circulating complexes by 13.8%, which also indicates the normalization of this index. The first group – a significant improvement of immunological parameters increase of 3 indicators (CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8) and a decrease in the CIK. Analysis of changes in indicators Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, also notes a reduction in the symptoms scores.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Rage as a hidden aspect in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Peixoto I. , Marques C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a multifaceted clinical entity. Rage attacks have been repeatedly described in the phenotype of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. It has been acknowledged that anxious youth who display rage have more severe clinical profiles and increased levels of dysfunction in most domains, consistent with the notion that rage is a marker of more severe psychopathology. However, this matter remains largely underappreciated in pediatric OCD. Namely, the role and functions of rage in pediatric OCD in relation to family accommodation and illness severity have highly relevant clinical management and treatment implications.ObjectivesWe aim to discuss how does rage look like in pediatric OCD, what are its associated features and its contributions to additional functional impairment. We examine the central role of family accommodation mediating clinical outcomes and review highly relevant diagnostic and treatment challenges.MethodsSelective review of the literature in PubMed (MEDLINE). Illustration with a clinical case vignette.Results and conclusionsRage attacks are relatively common in pediatric OCD, have a negative impact on illness presentation, and contribute to functional impairment above and beyond obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. We hereby illustrate that rage may contribute to family accommodation of symptoms, which may further affect and perpetuate obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and impairment. There is a need to avoid misdiagnosis and to prioritize psychotherapeutic interventions and psychopharmacological treatment approaches. This provides important insights regarding the clinical validity of this component of OCD, aiming to capture further the attention of the clinical and research community.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Encopresis: A medical and family approach
Authors: Peñuelas Calvo I. , Sevilla Llewellyn-Jones J. , Poggio Lagares L. , Cervesi C. , Sareen A. , Gonzalez Moreno A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionEncopresis is a not very common disorder. The prevalence of this disorder is about 1.5% after the age of 5 years old and decreased even more as age increased, being very rare in adolescence.AimHere we present a clinical case of an 11-year-old girl, with a diagnosis of functional encopresis with constipation and overflow incontinence for 4 years.MethodIn this case, we followed a program consisted of 12 sessions combining different techniques that are on experimental phase. The program we designed consist of toilet training, stablishment-token economy- of a diet high in fiber with a progressive remove of laxative medication and a family intervention with both parents that got divorced 4 years ago.ResultsHaving both parents the same frame the patient's problem easily started to decrease. In follow-up (6 and 12 months), we observed good toilet habits and not constipations episodes.ConclusionsEven though all the techniques used were in experimental phase, we considered that because of the chronicity of this problem a multidisciplinary approach was the best option.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Adolescent prostitution: Which role plays psychopathology?
Authors: Petrocchi C. , D’Aguanno M. , Carafa R. , Velotti P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe characteristics and the mental functioning of adolescent prostitutes were examined in several studies. Literature associates externalizing problems (i.e. impulsivity) with high rates of sexual activity and high rates of prostitution (Donenberg et al., 2005). Research has identified a link between psychopathology and high rates of health-risking sexual behavior and conduct problems. Despite the identification of psychopathology as a risk factor for the development of health-risking sexual, its role in prostitution has not been well examined.ObjectivesAlthough the association between psychopathological disease and engagement in health-risking sexual behavior is documented, the specific nature of the cause or mechanism for the link between psychopathological disease and the development of these behavior problems is not known.MethodsAn extensive literature search for relevant published and unpublished studies was conducted on Medline, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Psycoinfo and PsycArticle from inception through September 21, 2015. Additionally, we performed a search in Google Scholar and manually searched by the reference lists of included articles. Comprehensive search strategies were developed using the controlled vocabularies of each database. We systematically searched for relevant studies using a combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and corresponding free-text terms. Search term and keywords were altered as per specification of individual database.ResultsAdolescent prostitution is one of the major public health problems and psychopathology plays an important part in it. Adolescent prostitutes’ shown elevated level of psychopathological disease that may reflect the possibility that their psychological functioning leads them to this particular environment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Antipsychotic in children and adolescents: Metabolic effects
Authors: Ramirez Dominguez M.D.L.C. , Prieto Sánchez I. , Hernandez Gonzalez L. , Fernandez Leon S. , Reina Dominguez M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe use of antipsychotics in children is controversial, one of the considerations to take into account is the possible effect on the values of fasting glucose, prolactin or weight gain are very important.ObjectivesTo study the effect of these drugs on metabolic rate in children.MethodsWe measured the weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose and basal prolactin in 6 children at Children's Hospital in the province of Huelva, diagnosed with bipolar disorder and early schizophrenia, atypical antipsychotics before starting treatment and 6 months later.ResultsIn the provisional results it is found that a there is not a significant weight gain (less than 3%), no impairment of glucose and only in one case basal prolactin was elevated.ConclusionsThe use of atypical antipsychotics in children should be reserved when strictly necessary. Once established, keep tight control of metabolic parameters, although the data of our study coincide with the literature, do not produce significant alterations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The importance of multiple-family group therapy in treatment of psychosomatic pathology
Authors: Sanahuja C. , Suarez A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe “parental multiple-family school” was developed in Buenos Aires (Argentina) by E. Rotenberg, based on the theory and practice of J. García Badaracco's multiple-family psychoanalysis (which further expands on the classical psychoanalysis’ frame), applying it to the kids and their relatives. We will focus on the therapeutic group treating psychosomatic pathology, with the collaboration of the Dermatology department of the Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez.ObjectiveTo highlight the importance of creating spaces to modify the psychic mechanisms and resources of the psychosomatic patient at an infant age.MethodsWe describe the “multiple-family parents school”, an open, weekly group, coordinated by two psychologists and assisted by a dermatologist, in which the theories of J. García Badaracco's multiple-family group analysis are applied. We also discuss the importance of applying this system in our clinical practice.ResultsWe observed, according to the Dermatology department, very positive and significative changes in every post-group, which could lead to the disappearance of dermatological diseases in different patients without a pharmacological treatment which was previously given as first option. Single-session groups had many advantages, including the removal of waiting lists, a better development of the emotional connection between kids and their families, and a reduction of the therapeutic and professional costs.ConclusionWe think that starting interventions in multiple-family group therapy in Madrid in order to treat psychosomatic diseases in kids and teenagers should be encouraged after the very positive clinical experience in other cities.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
School refusal: Idiom of distress and/or Babel tower?
Authors: Sibeoni J. , Moscoso A. , Revah-Levy A. 
Published: May 2016

Across Europe, school absenteeism is an increasing problem on the crossroad between educational and public-health political matters. This issue underlies socio-economical, sociological and school-related factors as much as it questions individual psychopathology and family functioning. Indeed, school refusal behavior among adolescents has become a very frequent reason to seek for psychiatric consultations. A recent review about this topic has shown that around 90% of these adolescents met the criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis, mostly anxiety disorders [1]. It appears to be a very complex and heterogeneous phenomenon which raises many questions, to date still unsolved: terminology confusions (truancy, school phobia, school refusal), lack of a concise definition, contradictory hypothesis regarding etiology, psychopathology and treatment plan depending on the paradigm the authors would refer to. In this presentation, we will elicit why school refusal can be considered as a new idiom of distress for adolescents in western societies, and we will show how, in clinical practice, these situations can become a genuine Babel tower in which no one, among health-care professionals, teachers, parents and patients, are speaking the same language.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Resilience in children of depressed parents – a systematic review of protective factors
Authors: Wlodarczyk O. , Schramm A. , Metzner F. , Pawils S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionChildren of depressed parents have an increased risk of developing mental disorders. While there are various studies concerning a pathogenetic perspective, fewer studies examined factors that protect mental health of these children. Knowledge about protective factors is necessary to establish prevention projects.ObjectivesThis systematic review gives an overview of protective factors for mental health of children of depressed parents.MethodsDatabases PsycINFO, Embase, Medline, PSYNDEX, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and CINAHL were searched for relevant studies in German or English published until August 2014. Targets were epidemiological studies concerning protective factors for children up to the age of 21 years who have at least one depressed parent. Selection process and assessment of methodological quality of the studies were conducted by two reviewers using a checklist.ResultsOut of 3526 screened studies, finally thirteen studies were included. Efficient stress management strategies – in particular primary and secondary control coping – were identified as protective factors for mental health of affected children. Children's social competences as well as parental positive parenting skills also seem to have a protective impact. Restrictions to specific search terms, databases, and languages could have caused missing relevant studies with other characteristics. Limitations could also result from possible publication bias as well as methodological and qualitative differences regarding included studies.ConclusionsIn the context of prevention projects, children of depressed parents should be supported in adequately and efficiently coping with stress. Moreover, practitioners should aim at the promotion of social competences and the involvement of parents within prevention.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychosocial profile of encopretic children and their caregivers in relation to parenting style
Authors: Zaky E. , Rashad M. , Elsafoury H. , Ismail E. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe role of psychological factors in the development and maintenance of encopresis is controversial.ObjectivesAssessment of the psychosocial profile of encopretic children and their caregivers in relation to parenting style compared to controls.MethodologyThe current cross sectional study comprised 90 Egyptian children classified into three groups: group I (encopresis without constipation and overflow incontinence), group II (encopresis with constipation and overflow incontinence), and group III (clinically healthy controls); each group included 30 children. Thorough clinical evaluation and psychometric assessment were carried out for all enrolled children while caregivers were evaluated for their parenting styles, anxiety, depression, and introversion scores.ResultsHardness, undue blaming, and indecisive parenting styles were significantly more prevalent among caregivers of group I. Encopretic children of group I & II had poorer self-esteem and higher prevalence of clinically manifest depression compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, there was a higher prevalence of clinically manifest paternal anxiety, depression, and introversion and maternal depression among caregivers of group II and higher prevalence of clinically manifest paternal anxiety and depression among fathers of group I.ConclusionThe approach of toilet training, not the time of its initiation, seems to be the factor that really matters in predisposing to and perpetuating encopresis. Further exploration is needed to determine if the documented association of psychological disorders of enrolled encopretic children and their caregivers was causal or being just the impact of the child's encopresis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Atypical psychosis – historical and current perspective
Authors: Aleixo M.A. , Moreira C.A. , Sobreira G. , Oliveira J. , Gil L. Carvalhão 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionClinical concepts regarding atypical psychosis such as the French bouffeé délirante, the German cycloid psychosis, and the Scandinavian reactive and schizophreniform psychoses are now under the category of F23 ‘Acute and transient psychotic disorders’ (ATPD) of the tenth revision of the International Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (ICD-10).AimsThe authors’ aim is to highlight the clinical and scientific relevance of atypical psychosis from the historical concepts to the current perspective.MethodsA Pubmed database search using as keywords “atypical psychosis”, “acute and transient psychotic disorders”, and “brief psychotic disorder” and retrieved papers were selected according to their relevance.ResultsDifferent psychiatric schools, often of a regional or national character, have provided concepts for transient psychotic states. The acute and transient psychotic disorders of ICD-10 and the brief psychotic disorder of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) reflect the diversity of the history of such concepts. The available evidence suggests that case identification and follow-up is difficult in ATPD due to the heterogeneous and infrequent nature of this clinical phenomenon. Furthermore ATPD has a low diagnostic stability and there are few studies focused on brief psychotic disorders.ConclusionsThe present definition of acute and transient psychotic disorders and brief psychotic disorder, while taking into account the history of the concepts involved, leave many questions open to further studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.