bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whey protein active films incorporated with a blend of essential oils: Characterization and effectiveness
Authors: Ribeiro‐Santos Regiane , de Melo Nathália Ramos , Andrade Mariana , Azevedo Gabriela , Machado Ana Vera , Carvalho‐Costa Denise , Sanches‐Silva Ana 
Published: November 2017

Whey protein concentrate (WPC) films incorporated with a blend ofCinnamomum cassia,Cinnamomum zeylanicum,andRosmarinus officinalisessential oils were characterized and evaluated for their effectiveness as an antioxidant for food applications. The effect of the incorporation of essential oils (EOs) at different concentrations (1, 2, 2.7, and 5%w/w) in WPC were studied by measuring their physical, optical, mechanical, and microstructural properties, in order to evaluate their behavior as a food packaging. The effectiveness of these active WPC films as a packaged was evaluated using a fatty food model (salami). The state of the salami oxidation was measured by the TBARs and hexanal assays during 180 days of storage. A yellowish characteristic color and opacity of WPC‐based films tend to increase with the increase of the EO concentration in the film formulation. While films containing 1 and 2% of EOs showed to be the most hydrophobic and present the lowest moisture content and solubility in water, films with higher EOs % (2, 2.7, and 5%, w/w) presented the highest water vapor transmission rate. The developed WPC active films showed to be heterogeneous, presenting cracks and pores due to the weakening of the polymer chain interaction forces by the EOs, which affected their mechanical behavior. WPC films incorporated with EOs may retard lipid oxidation induced by UV light in food. Besides, they showed to be very effective in the reduction of lipid oxidation in a previous assay with salami, with a longer storage time.
Resilient computing on ROS using adaptive fault tolerance
Authors: Lauer Michael , Amy Matthieu , Fabre Jean‐Charles , Roy Matthieu , Excoffon William , Stoicescu Miruna 
Published: November 2017

AbstractComputer‐based systems are now expected to evolve during their service life to cope with changes of various nature, ranging from evolution of user needs, eg, additional features requested by users, to system configuration changes, eg, modifications in available hardware resources. When considering resilient embedded systems that must comply with stringent dependability requirements, the challenge is even greater, as evolution must not impair dependability attributes. Maintaining dependability properties when facing changes is, indeed, the exact definition of resilient computing.In this paper, we consider the evolution of systems with respect to their dependability mechanisms and show how such mechanisms can evolve with the system evolution, in the case of ROS, the robot operating system. We provide a synthesis of the concepts required for resilient computing using a component‐based approach. We particularly emphasize the process and the techniques needed to implement an adaptation layer for fault tolerance mechanisms. In the light of this analysis, we address the implementation of adaptive fault tolerance on ROS in 2 steps: Firstly, we provide an architecture to implement fault tolerance mechanisms in ROS, and secondly, we describe the actual adaptation of fault tolerance mechanisms in ROS. Beyond the implementation details given in the paper, we draw the lessons learned from this work and discuss the limits of this run‐time support to implement adaptive fault tolerance features in embedded systems.
Onboarding software developers and teams in three globally distributed legacy projects: A multi‐case study
Authors: Britto Ricardo , Cruzes Daniela S. , Smite Darja , Sablis Aivars 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOnboarding is the process of supporting new employees regarding their social and performance adjustment to their new job. Software companies have faced challenges with recruitment and onboarding of new team members, and there is no study that investigates it in a holistic way. In this paper, we conducted a multi‐case study to investigate the onboarding of software developers/teams, associated challenges, and areas for further improvement in 3 globally distributed legacy projects. We employed Bauer's model for onboarding to identify the current state of the onboarding strategies employed in each case. We learned that the employed strategies are semi‐formalized. Besides, in projects with multiple sites, some functions are executed locally, and the onboarding outcomes may be hard to control. We also learned that onboarding in legacy projects is especially challenging and that decisions to distribute such projects across multiple locations shall be approached carefully. In our cases, the challenges to learn legacy code were further amplified by the project scale and the distance to the original sources of knowledge. Finally, we identified practices that can be used by companies to increase the chances of being successful when onboarding software developers and teams in globally distributed legacy projects.
Gut microbiota composition may relate to weight loss rate in obese pet dogs
Authors: Kieler Ida N. , Shamzir Kamal Shamrulazhar , Vitger Anne D. , Nielsen Dennis S. , Lauridsen Charlotte , Bjornvad Charlotte R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObese dogs seem to have a different gut microbiome (GM) composition compared to lean dogs, and in humans, GM composition may negatively impact the ability to lose weight in some individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction between exercise, weight‐loss and the composition of GM in dogs. Eighteen obese pet dogs were recruited for a 12‐week weight‐loss intervention. All dogs were fed restrictively with a commercial high‐protein/high‐fibre dry diet, and eight of these dogs were enrolled in an exercise program in addition to the diet intervention. Faecal samples were collected and the dogs were weighed at week 0, week 6 and week 12. GM composition was determined using MiSeq‐based tag‐encoded 16S rRNA gene high‐throughput amplicon sequencing, and concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) by gas‐liquid chromatography. Total weight loss, food allowance and GM were not changed by exercise inclusion. However, Megamonas abundance negatively correlated with weight loss rate and Ruminococcaceae relative abundance was lower at 12 weeks in dogs with a faster weight loss rate (≥1% per week) compared with slower weight loss rate (<1% per week) independent of exercise. Acetic and propionic acid concentrations decreased in the dogs with a faster weight loss rate. Members of Megamonas and Ruminococcaceae produce acetic and propionic acids and we therefore interpret that having a GM that favour SCFA production may negatively affect weight loss rate in dogs. Weight loss rate in dogs may be related to the composition of the GM and its production of metabolites.
Limbal stem cells: identity, developmental origin, and therapeutic potential
Authors: Gonzalez Gabriel , Sasamoto Yuzuru , Ksander Bruce R. , Frank Markus H. , Frank Natasha Y. 
Published: November 2017

The cornea is our window to the world and our vision is critically dependent on corneal clarity and integrity. Its epithelium represents one of the most rapidly regenerating mammalian tissues, undergoing full‐turnover over the course of approximately 1–2 weeks. This robust and efficient regenerative capacity is dependent on the function of stem cells residing in the limbus, a structure marking the border between the cornea and the conjunctiva. Limbal stem cells (LSC) represent a quiescent cell population with proliferative capacity residing in the basal epithelial layer of the limbus within a cellular niche. In addition to LSC, this niche consists of various cell populations such as limbal stromal fibroblasts, melanocytes and immune cells as well as a basement membrane, all of which are essential for LSC maintenance and LSC‐driven regeneration. The LSC niche's components are of diverse developmental origin, a fact that had, until recently, prevented precise identification of molecularly defined LSC. The recent success in prospective LSC isolation based on ABCB5 expression and the capacity of this LSC population for long‐term corneal restoration following transplantation in preclinical in vivo models of LSC deficiency underline the considerable potential of pure LSC formulations for clinical therapy. Additional studies, including genetic lineage tracing of the developmental origin of LSC will further improve our understanding of this critical cell population and its niche, with important implications for regenerative medicine. WIREs Dev Biol 2018, 7:e303. doi: 10.1002/wdev.303This article is categorized under:

Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cells and Disease
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration
The Life Course, Cohort Dynamics, and International Differences in Aging Trajectories
Authors: Haas Steven A. , Oi Katsuya , Zhou Zhangjun 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In recent years, population health research has focused on understanding the determinants of later-life health. Two strands of that work have focused on (1) international comparisons of later-life health and (2) assessing the early-life origins of disease and disability and the importance of life course processes. However, the less frequently examined intersection of these approaches remains an important frontier. The present study contributes to the integration of these approaches. We use the Health and Retirement Study family of data sets and a cohort dynamic approach to compare functional health trajectories across 12 high-income countries and to examine the role of life course processes and cohort dynamics in contributing to variation in those trajectories. We find substantial international variation in functional health trajectories and an important role of cohort dynamics in generating that variation, with younger cohorts often less healthy at comparable ages than the older cohorts they are replacing. We further find evidence of heterogeneous effects of life course processes on health trajectories. The results have important implications for future trends in morbidity and mortality as well as public policy.
Interior Immigration Enforcement and Political Participation of U.S. Citizens in Mixed-Status Households
Authors: Amuedo-Dorantes Catalina , Lopez Mary J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe 2000s have witnessed an expansion of interior immigration enforcement in the United States. At the same time, the country has experienced a major demographic transformation, with the number of U.S. citizens living in mixed-status households—that is, households where at least one family member is an unauthorized migrant—reaching 16 million. U.S. citizens living in mixed-status households are personally connected to the struggles experienced by their unauthorized family members. For them, immigration policy is likely to shape their current and future voting behavior. Using data from the 2002–2014 Current Population Survey Voting and Registration Supplements, we examine whether intensified immigration enforcement has affected the political engagement of U.S. citizens living in mixed-status households. We find that immigration enforcement has chilled their electoral participation by lowering their propensity to register by 5 %; however, it has not visibly affected their voting propensity among those registered. Importantly, their lower voting registration likelihood does not seem to reflect indifference for community and public matters, given that it has been accompanied by greater involvement in civic forms of political participation, such as volunteering. Understanding how immigration policy affects the political participation of a fast-growing segment of the electorate is imperative because they will inevitably constitute a rapidly rising political force in future elections.
Browsing and plant traits in nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor savannas in Tanzania
Authors: Mramba Rosemary P. , Andreassen Harry P. , Skarpe Christina 
Published: November 2017

Abstract:Environmental productivity is important in determining defensive or tolerance traits of plants, with nutrient-rich savannas showing tolerance and nutrient-poor showing defence traits. Animals are affected differently by such traits due to differences in size, and other characters. We studied differences in browsing as a response to plant traits by elephant, giraffe and impala in Mikumi, a nutrient-poor savanna, and Serengeti, a nutrient-rich savanna, both in Tanzania, for a total of 4 mo; 2 mo at each site. Browsing time on a plant, species and height browsed were recorded. Spinesence reduced biting rate by elephant in Serengeti to 3.8 bites min−1, compared with 4.7 without spines, but had no effect on impala or giraffe. Leaf size affected biting rate by giraffe, decreasing with size in Serengeti from 19.8 bites min−1to 17.4 bites min−1, increasing in Mikumi, from 17.7 to 19.5 bites min−1, but did not differ in elephant and impala. Biting rate by elephant in Serengeti decreased with browsing height from 0.6 m to 4.2 m and by impala in Mikumi decreased from 0.25 m to 1.5 m, while that of giraffe in Mikumi increased with browsing height, peaking at 4.2 m. The effect was comparable for elephant and impala.
Super-resolution visible photoactivated atomic force microscopy
Authors: Lee Seunghyun , Kwon Owoong , Jeon Mansik , Song Jaejung , Shin Seungjun , Kim HyeMi , Jo Minguk , Rim Taiuk , Doh Junsang , Kim Sungjee , Son Junwoo , Kim Yunseok , Kim Chulhong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractImaging the intrinsic optical absorption properties of nanomaterials with optical microscopy (OM) is hindered by the optical diffraction limit and intrinsically poor sensitivity. Thus, expensive and destructive electron microscopy (EM) has been commonly used to examine the morphologies of nanostructures. Further, while nanoscale fluorescence OM has become crucial for investigating the morphologies and functions of intracellular specimens, this modality is not suitable for imaging optical absorption and requires the use of possibly undesirable exogenous fluorescent molecules for biological samples. Here we demonstrate super-resolution visible photoactivated atomic force microscopy (pAFM), which can sense intrinsic optical absorption with ~8 nm resolution. Thus, the resolution can be improved down to ~8 nm. This system can detect not only the first harmonic response, but also the higher harmonic response using the nonlinear effect. The thermoelastic effects induced by pulsed laser irradiation allow us to obtain visible pAFM images of single gold nanospheres, various nanowires, and biological cells, all with nanoscale resolution. Unlike expensive EM, the visible pAFM system can be simply implemented by adding an optical excitation sub-system to a commercial atomic force microscope.
Association between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes—potential differences by diabetes type and depression scores
Authors: Herder Christian , Schmitt Andreas , Budden Florian , Reimer André , Kulzer Bernhard , Roden Michael , Haak Thomas , Hermanns Norbert 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Subclinical inflammation has been implicated in the development of depression, a common comorbidity of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to characterise the relationships between biomarkers of inflammation and depressive symptoms in T1D and T2D. Biomarkers of inflammation were measured in serum of participants with elevated depressive symptoms and T1D (n = 389, mean age 38 years, diabetes duration 15 ± 11 years) or T2D (n = 204, mean age 56 years, diabetes duration 13 ± 8 years). Subclinical depression was examined using three questionnaires (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression [CES-D], Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9], 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index [WHO-5]). In T1D, levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) were positively associated with two depression scores (CES-D, PHQ-9), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was positively associated with depression for one score (WHO-5) after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes duration, metabolic variables, medication and comorbidities (P = 0.008-0.042). In T2D, IL-18 and IL-1RA were positively associated with depression for two scores (IL-18: PHQ-9, WHO-5; IL-1RA: CES-D, WHO-5), hsCRP was associated with one depression score (PHQ-9), and adiponectin showed an inverse association with one depression score (PHQ-9) after adjustment (P = 0.006–0.048). No associations were found for IL-6 and CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). In conclusion, we observed associations between hsCRP, IL-1RA and depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes. In T2D, there was additional evidence for associations of IL-18 and (inversely) adiponectin with depressive symptoms. The strength of the associations appeared to depend on diabetes type and the method used to asssess depressive symptoms.
Assessing the impact of imperfect adherence to artemether-lumefantrine on malaria treatment outcomes using within-host modelling
Authors: Challenger Joseph D. , Bruxvoort Katia , Ghani Azra C. , Okell Lucy C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractArtemether-lumefantrine (AL) is the most widely-recommended treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria worldwide. Its safety and efficacy have been extensively demonstrated in clinical trials; however, its performance in routine health care settings, where adherence to drug treatment is unsupervised and therefore may be suboptimal, is less well characterised. Here we develop a within-host modelling framework for estimating the effects of sub-optimal adherence to AL treatment on clinical outcomes in malaria patients. Our model incorporates the data on the human immune response to the parasite, and AL’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Utilising individual-level data of adherence to AL in 482 Tanzanian patients as input for our model predicted higher rates of treatment failure than were obtained when adherence was optimal (9% compared to 4%). Our model estimates that the impact of imperfect adherence was worst in children, highlighting the importance of advice to caregivers.
Spatio-temporally separated cortical flows and spindle geometry establish physical asymmetry in fly neural stem cells
Authors: Roubinet Chantal , Tsankova Anna , Pham Tri Thanh , Monnard Arnaud , Caussinus Emmanuel , Affolter Markus , Cabernard Clemens 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAsymmetric cell division, creating sibling cells with distinct developmental potentials, can be manifested in sibling cell size asymmetry. This form of physical asymmetry occurs in several metazoan cells, but the underlying mechanisms and function are incompletely understood. Here we use Drosophila neural stem cells to elucidate the mechanisms involved in physical asymmetry establishment. We show that Myosin relocalizes to the cleavage furrow via two distinct cortical Myosin flows: at anaphase onset, a polarity induced, basally directed Myosin flow clears Myosin from the apical cortex. Subsequently, mitotic spindle cues establish a Myosin gradient at the lateral neuroblast cortex, necessary to trigger an apically directed flow, removing Actomyosin from the basal cortex. On the basis of the data presented here, we propose that spatiotemporally controlled Myosin flows in conjunction with spindle positioning and spindle asymmetry are key determinants for correct cleavage furrow placement and cortical expansion, thereby establishing physical asymmetry.
Tsg101 chaperone function revealed by HIV-1 assembly inhibitors
Authors: Strickland Madeleine , Ehrlich Lorna S. , Watanabe Susan , Khan Mahfuz , Strub Marie-Paule , Luan Chi-Hao , Powell Michael D. , Leis Jonathan , Tjandra Nico , Carter Carol A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHIV-1 replication requires Tsg101, a component of cellular endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. Tsg101 possesses an ubiquitin (Ub) E2 variant (UEV) domain with a pocket that can bind PT/SAP motifs and another pocket that can bind Ub. The PTAP motif in the viral structural precursor polyprotein, Gag, allows the recruitment of Tsg101 and other ESCRTs to virus assembly sites where they mediate budding. It is not known how or even whether the UEV Ub binding function contributes to virus production. Here, we report that disruption of UEV Ub binding by commonly used drugs arrests assembly at an early step distinct from the late stage involving PTAP binding disruption. NMR reveals that the drugs form a covalent adduct near the Ub-binding pocket leading to the disruption of Ub, but not PTAP binding. We conclude that the Ub-binding pocket has a chaperone function involved in bud initiation.
Self-assembling dipeptide antibacterial nanostructures with membrane disrupting activity
Authors: Schnaider Lee , Brahmachari Sayanti , Schmidt Nathan W. , Mensa Bruk , Shaham-Niv Shira , Bychenko Darya , Adler-Abramovich Lihi , Shimon Linda J. W. , Kolusheva Sofiya , DeGrado William F. , Gazit Ehud 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPeptide-based supramolecular assemblies are a promising class of nanomaterials with important biomedical applications, specifically in drug delivery and tissue regeneration. However, the intrinsic antibacterial capabilities of these assemblies have been largely overlooked. The recent identification of common characteristics shared by antibacterial and self-assembling peptides provides a paradigm shift towards development of antibacterial agents. Here we present the antibacterial activity of self-assembled diphenylalanine, which emerges as the minimal model for antibacterial supramolecular polymers. The diphenylalanine nano-assemblies completely inhibit bacterial growth, trigger upregulation of stress-response regulons, induce substantial disruption to bacterial morphology, and cause membrane permeation and depolarization. We demonstrate the specificity of these membrane interactions and the development of antibacterial materials by integration of the peptide assemblies into tissue scaffolds. This study provides important insights into the significance of the interplay between self-assembly and antimicrobial activity and establishes innovative design principles toward the development of antimicrobial agents and materials.
Pumilio-dependent localization of mRNAs at the cell front coordinates multiple pathways required for chemotaxis
Authors: Hotz Manuel , Nelson W. James 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChemotaxis is a specialized form of directed cell migration important for normal development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. In the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, four signaling pathways act synergistically to maintain directional cell migration. However, it is unknown how these pathways are coordinated in space and time to achieve persistent chemotaxis. Here, we show that the mRNAs and proteins of these four chemotaxis pathways and actin are preferentially enriched at the cell front during dynamic cell migration, which requires the Pumilio-related RNA-binding protein Puf118. Significantly, disruption of the Pumilio-binding sequence in chemotaxis pathway mRNAs, or mislocalization of Puf118 and its target mRNAs to the cell rear perturbs efficient chemotaxis in shallow cAMP gradients, without affecting the abundance of the mRNAs or encoded proteins. Thus, the polarized localization of Puf118-bound mRNAs coordinates the distribution of different chemotaxis pathway proteins in time and space, leading to cell polarization and persistent chemotaxis.