bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF METAL‐DIENE COMPLEXES; A DIRECT, CONVENIENT ROUTE TO ACYLOXY‐BRIDGED DINUCLEAR PLATINUM COMPLEXES AND X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF (PT2(μ‐OAC)2(C8H12OAC)2)
Authors: GOEL A. B. , VANDERVEER D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAm Beispiel des Titelkomplexes (III) wird gezeigt, daß ausgehend vom Methoxy‐verbrückten 2‐Methoxy‐cyclooct‐5‐enyl‐Pt‐Komplex (I) durch Umsetzung mit Carbonsäuren RCOOH (R: Alkyl, Perfluoralkyl, Aryl) über isolierbare Acyloxy‐verbrückte Intermediäre vom Typ (II), gebildet bei l Mol RCOOH/Pt, Acyloxy‐verbrückte 2‐Acyloxycyclooct‐5‐enyl‐Pt‐Dimere wie (III) schnell, einfach und quantitativ darstellbar sind.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of 14β‐Hydroxy‐4,9(11)‐androstadiene‐3,17‐dione and Related Compounds.
Authors: DANIEWSKI A. R. , VALENTA Z. , WHITE P. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie ausgehend von (I) auf 3 Wegen dargestellte Seco‐Verbindung (V) wird zur Titelverbindung (X) umgesetzt, die zu Vergleichszwecken in die bekannte Verbindung (XI) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 19‐IODOPREGN‐4‐ENE‐3,20‐DIONE AND A MODIFIED ROUTE TO 19‐HYDROXYPREGN‐4‐ENE‐3,20‐DIONE
Authors: SEHGAL R. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDer Epoxyalkohol (I) wird nach Literaturverfahren erhalten und unter Modifizierung von Literaturvorschriften über das Epoxyketon (II) in das 19‐Hydroxyderivat (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE LIGNANS. 6. TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐ISO‐β‐PELTATIN AND ITS ANALOGS
Authors: LORIOT M. , ROBIN J.‐P. , BROWN E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAusgehend von dem Benzaldehyd (I) wird zunächst auf dem angegebenen Weg das Lacton (VI) synthetisien.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE AND SYNTHESIS OF THE METHYL ESTER OF N‐(ACETOXY)JASMONOYLPHENYLALANINE FROM PRAXELIS CLEMATIDEA
Authors: BOHLMANN F. , WEGNER P. , JAKUPOVIC J. , KING R. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Struktur der Titelverbindung (XIV) wird anhand von MS‐, IR‐, CD‐ und 1H‐NMR‐Daten sowie durch Synthese ‐ wie im Formelschema skizziert ‐ geklärt.
Differential association of body mass index on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Lee Eun Young , Lee Yong‐ho , Jin Sang‐Man , Yang Hae Kyung , Jung Chang Hee , Park Cheol‐Young , Cho Jae Hyoung , Lee Woo Je , Lee Byung‐Wan , Kim Jae Hyeon 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn contrast to type 2 diabetes, the association of body mass index (BMI) with glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between BMI and average HbA1c levels in subjects with T1D.MethodIn this multi‐centre observational study, we analysed 719 subjects with T1D aged ≥18 years. Average HbA1c levels over 18 months and other clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated.ResultsThe mean age and duration of diabetes at baseline were 41.5 ± 13.9 and 11.3 ± 8.7 years, respectively. A U‐shaped correlation between BMI and 18‐month average HbA1c levels was documented by a spline curve. Based on this finding, subjects were divided into three groups according to BMI (group I, <21; group II, 21–23; and group III, ≥23 kg/m2). In group I, the BMI negatively correlated with average HbA1c (r = −0.172, p = 0.011), while a positive relationship was observed (r = 0.162, p = 0.012) in group III. Average HbA1c levels were lower and the proportion of individuals with well‐controlled glycemia (HbA1c <7%) were increased in the higher BMI tertile group among subjects with group I as well as in the lower BMI tertile group among subjects with group III BMI. After adjustment with additional covariates in the multiple regression model, these associations between BMI and HbA1c levels according to the different BMI ranges remained significant.ConclusionsIn Korean subjects with T1D, an inverse relationship of BMI with HbA1c levels was observed in the low BMI group, while a positive correlation was shown in the high BMI group. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of insulin lispro mix 25 with insulin lispro mix 50 as an insulin starter in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes: a phase 4, open‐label, randomized trial (CLASSIFY study)
Authors: Watada Hirotaka , Su Qing , Li Peng Fei , Iwamoto Noriyuki , Qian Lei , Yang Wen Ying 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundLispro Mix 25% insulin lispro/75% insulin lispro protamine (LM25) and Lispro Mix 50% insulin lispro/50% insulin lispro protamine (LM50) were compared as starter insulins in East Asian patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsPhase 4, open‐label, randomized trial conducted in China, Japan, Korea, and Turkey. Subjects received twice‐daily LM25 (n = 207) or LM50 (n = 196) for 26 weeks. The primary outcome was the HbA1c change from baseline.ResultsThe least squares mean changes from baseline in HbA1c are −1.52% and −1.69% for LM25 and LM50, respectively, and the least squares mean difference [95% CI] is 0.17% [−0.01, 0.35]. More subjects in the LM50 group than in the LM25 group achieved HbA1c targets of <7.0% (59.7% versus 45.9%, respectively; p = 0.007). LM50 was more effective than LM25 in reducing postprandial glucose after the morning (mean difference in change from baseline, 0.56 mmol/L; p = 0.038) and evening (1.11 mmol/L; p < 0.001) meals. The reduction in fasting blood glucose was significantly greater (p = 0.046) in the LM25 group (LS mean [95% CI] change from baseline: −2.37 mmol/L [−2.68, −2.06]) than in the LM50 group (−1.99 mmol/L [−2.30, −1.68]). LM50 was more effective than LM25 in reducing HbA1c in subjects with baseline HbA1c, postprandial glucose, or carbohydrate intake levels greater than the median levels. Hypoglycemia rates and weight gain were similar between groups.ConclusionsLM25 and LM50 were noninferior to each other in improving glycemic control in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, LM50 was more efficacious than LM25 with respect to the percentage of subjects reaching target HbA1c levels. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of peripheral neuropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: He Rui , Hu Yanyun , Zeng Hui , Zhao Jun , Zhao Jungong , Chai Yimin , Lu Fengdi , Liu Fang , Jia Weiping 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D deficiency was reported to be associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. But the association in Chinese population and the screening value of vitamin D deficiency for diabetic peripheral neuropathy were unknown.MethodsA total of 861 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited in this cross‐sectional study. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) level < 20 ng/mL. Peripheral neuropathy was evaluated by neurological symptoms, neurological signs, neurothesiometer and electromyogram.ResultsThe patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D concentration (15.59 ± 7.68 ng/mL) and higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (80%) than patients with signs of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (17.66 ± 7.50 ng/mL; 64.5%) and non‐DPN patients (18.35 ± 6.60; 61.7%) (all p < 0.01). Spearman's correlation analysis showed that serum circulating 25(OH)D level was closely associated with DPN (r = 0.121) and signs of DPN (r = 0.111) (both p < 0.01). After adjusting for all potential confounders, VDD was still linked with increased risk of DPN [odds ratio 2.59 (1.48–4.53)] (p < 0.01). Logistical regression analysis further revealed that VDD was an independent risk factor for DPN (β = 0.88) (p < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that serum 25(OH)D < 17.22 ng/mL hinted the signs of DPN and serum 25(OH)D < 16.01 ng/mL predicted the occurrence of DPN (both p < 0.01).ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is an independent risk factor for diabetic peripheral neuropathy and may be a potential biomarker for peripheral neuropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Muscle fatigability in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Orlando Giorgio , Balducci Stefano , Bazzucchi Ilenia , Pugliese Giuseppe , Sacchetti Massimo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundPatients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) may be subject to premature muscle fatigue. However, the effect of diabetes on muscle fatigability has not yet been thoroughly examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of T2D on muscle fatigability at the upper and lower body.MethodsThirty‐three T2D patients (18 men and 15 women; mean age, 59.3 ± 5.3 years) and 34 matched healthy control participants (17 men and 17 women; mean age, 60.1 ± 6.1 years) were recruited. Clinical characteristics of diabetic patients were assessed by considering a wide range of vascular and neurological parameters in order to exclude the presence of micro‐ and macro‐vascular complications. Gender‐specific muscle function was evaluated measuring the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and the endurance time at 50% of the MVIC at the shoulder and at the knee extensor muscles.ResultsMuscle strength in the upper body was similar among groups, whereas in the lower body, it was significantly reduced in T2D men (−16%) and women (−22%) compared with the controls. Additionally, the endurance time in both upper and lower body was significantly lower in T2D men (−18% and −29%) and women (−19% and −25%, respectively) than controls.ConclusionsBesides the reduction in strength, muscle dysfunction in T2D is characterized by a higher fatigability that affects both upper and lower body muscles. This effect is independent to the presence of diabetic complications and may represent a more sensitive marker of muscular dysfunction than muscle strength. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plant density can increase invertebrate postdispersal seed predation in an experimental grassland community
Authors: Dudenhöffer Jan‐Hendrik , Pufal Gesine , Roscher Christiane , Klein Alexandra‐Maria 
Published: May 2016

AbstractJanzen–Connell effects are negative effects on the survival of a plant's progeny at high conspecific densities or close to its conspecifics. Although the role of Janzen–Connell effects on the maintenance of plant diversity was frequently studied, only few studies targeted Janzen–Connell effects via postdispersal seed predation in temperate grassland systems. We examined effects of conspecific density (abundance of conspecific adult plants) on postdispersal seed predation by invertebrates of three grassland species (Centaurea jacea, Geranium pratense, and Knautia arvensis) in experimental plant communities. Additionally, we examined the impact of plant species richness and different seed predator communities on total and relative seed predation (= seed predation of one plant species relative to others). We offered seeds in an exclusion experiment, where treatments allowed access for (1) arthropods and slugs, (2) arthropods only, (3) small arthropods only, and (4) slugs only. Treatments were placed in plots covering a gradient of abundance of conspecific adults at different levels of plant species richness (1, 2, 3, 4, 8 species). Two of the plant species (C. jacea and K. arvensis) experienced higher rates of seed predation and relative predation with increasing abundance of conspecific adults. For C. jacea, this effect was mitigated with increasing plant species richness. Differences in seed predator communities shifted seed predation between the plant species and changed the magnitude of seed predation of one plant species relative to the others. We exemplify density‐dependent increase in seed predation via invertebrates in grassland communities shaping both the total magnitude of species‐specific seed predation and seed predation of one species relative to others. Further differences in seed predator groups shift the magnitude of seed predation between different plant species. This highlights the importance of invertebrate seed predation to structure grasslands via density‐dependent effects and differing preferences of consumer groups.
Productivity and species richness in longleaf pine woodlands: resource‐disturbance influences across an edaphic gradient
Authors: Kirkman L. K. , Giencke L. M. , Taylor R. S. , Boring L. R. , Staudhammer C. L. , Mitchell R. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study examines the complex feedback mechanisms that regulate a positive relationship between species richness and productivity in a longleaf pine‐wiregrass woodland. Across a natural soil moisture gradient spanning wet‐mesic to xeric conditions, two large scale manipulations over a 10‐yr period were used to determine how limiting resources and fire regulate plant species diversity and productivity at multiple scales. A fully factorial experiment was used to examine productivity and species richness responses to N and water additions. A separate experiment examined standing crop and richness responses to N addition in the presence and absence of fire. Specifically, these manipulations addressed the following questions: (1) How do N and water addition influence annual aboveground net primary productivity of the midstory/overstory and ground cover? (2) How do species richness responses to resource manipulations vary with scale and among functional groups of ground cover species? (3) How does standing crop (including overstory, understory/midstory, and ground cover components) differ between frequently burned and fire excluded plots after a decade without fire? (4) What is the role of fire in regulating species richness responses to N addition? This long‐term study across a soil moisture gradient provides empirical evidence that species richness and productivity in longleaf pine woodlands are strongly regulated by soil moisture. After a decade of treatment, there was an overall species richness decline with N addition, an increase in richness of some functional groups with irrigation, and a substantial decline in species richness with fire exclusion. Changes in species richness in response to treatments were scale‐dependent, occurring primarily at small scales (≤10 m2). Further, with fire exclusion, standing crop of ground cover decreased with N addition and non‐pine understory/midstory increased in wet‐mesic sites. Non‐pine understory/midstory standing crop increased in xeric sites with fire exclusion, but there was no influence of N addition. This study highlights the complexity of interactions among multiple limiting resources, frequent fire, and characteristics of dominant functional groups that link species richness and productivity.
Oxidative stability of omega‐3 tablets
Authors: Vestland Tina Lien , Petersen Lizette Balle , Myrset Astrid Hilde , Klaveness Jo 
Published: May 2016

Preparing solid formulations, as powder and tablets, containing omega‐3 can be challenging as the necessary production processes expose the unsaturated omega‐3 fatty acids to high temperatures, light, and mechanical stress in presence of air. The present work demonstrates that omega‐3 tablets can be prepared with sufficiently low total oxidation values (totox) to satisfy relevant monographs for omega‐3 products. The tablets were prepared from spray granulated direct compaction grade 30% w/w triglyceride powders as characterized by Vestland, Jacobsen, Sande, Myrset, and Klaveness, 2015 (Food Chem. 2015. 185: p. 151–158; Food Chem., 2016. 197, Part A: p. 496–502). Addition of ascorbic acid, in combination with EDTA as processing agent, was correlated with lower totox in powders. Spray granulation performed under nitrogen atmosphere contributed to significantly decreased totox in powders after 8 months of storage at accelerated temperature (37°C) compared to spray granulation in air. In long‐term stability studies, it was confirmed that coated omega‐3 tablets remained at totox <5 after 1 year of storage at ambient temperature.Practical applications: The confirmation that oxidative stable omega‐3 tablets can be produced opens the possibility for a new administration form in the omega‐3 field. The use of dry powders in the production process imply more opportunities within combination products as dry powders typically exhibit fewer compatibility issues. Omega‐3 tablets are a gelatin‐ and lactose‐free alternative for health conscious individuals all over the world.The most frequently used formulation form for health supplements is tablets, however, to date there have been numerous issues with achieving sufficient oil load and maintain oxidative stability trying to formulate omega‐3 oil in tablets. Totox 26 is the limit set by the Global Organization for EPA and DHA (GOED) for omega‐3 supplement for human use (yellow line). As presented in this figure, omega‐3 tablets with 30% w/w triglyceride oil load (60% concentrate) have been prepared and totox have maintained lower than 26 for tablets kept at 37°C for 1 year. The data so far obtained from the long‐term stability study (tablet samples kept at ambient conditions) indicate the possibility for a +3 years shelf life for the omega‐3 tablets.
Tissue tocopherol status, meat lipid stability, and serum lipids in broiler chickens fed Artemisia annua
Authors: Panda Arun K. , Cherian Gita 
Published: May 2016

Growing consumer concern about the use of synthetic feed additives, there is elevated interest in using phytogenic compounds in poultry feeds. The effect of Artemisia annua (A. annua) in broiler diets on tissue tocopherols, lipid peroxidation products, serum triglycerides, and non‐esterified fatty acids were determined. It is hypothesized that dietary A. annua will enhance tocopherols and will reduce lipid peroxidation products in chicken meat. Broiler chicks (n = 52) were fed corn‐soy diets containing 0 (Control) or 2% dried A. annua leaves (ART). Dietary ART led to increase in γ‐, α‐, and total tocopherols in muscle and liver (P < 0.0001). A three‐ and fourfold increase in γ‐, α‐ tocopherol compared to Control was found in breast muscle of chickens fed ART (P < 0.001). No increase in α‐ tocopherol was found in serum, whereas, γ‐tocopherol increased in the serum of chicken fed ART (P < 0.001). Lipid peroxidation products measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, were lower in the muscle and serum of birds fed ART than Control (P < 0.0001). Even serum triglycerides and non‐esterified fatty acids were lower in such birds ART (P < 0.001). No difference was found in total fat, saturated or n‐6 and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content of liver and muscle (P > 0.05). No difference was observed in body weight, relative weight of liver, heart, spleen, and bursa. A. annua may prove useful as a natural phytogenic feed additive with antioxidant potential that could be incorporated into poultry diets and such meat could serve as an alternate route for providing vitamin E in human diets.Practical applications: Consumers are interested in buying meat from chickens fed plant‐based phytogenic products. A. annua is rich sources of natural antioxidants. Feeding A. annua led to tocopherol enrichment while enhancing the lipid stability in poultry meat. A. annua may be used a functional feed additive in poultry rations.Artemisia annua could be useful as a natural phytogenic feed additive with antioxidant potential that could be incorporated into poultry diets and such meat could serve as an alternate route for providing vitamin E in human diets.
Docosahexaenoic acid‐enriched phospholipids exhibit superior effects on obesity‐related metabolic disorders to egg yolk phospholipids and soybean phospholipids in mice
Authors: Liu Xiaofang , Cui Jie , Leng Kailiang , Xue Changhu , Li Zhaojie , Xue Yong , Wang Yuming 
Published: May 2016

Bioactive phospholipids (PL) from different origins varied greatly in the chemical constitutions, especially the fatty acid compositions, which might influence its physiological activities in turn. In the study, egg yolk phospholipids (EGG‐PL), soybean phospholipids (SOY‐PL), and marine docosahexaenoic acid‐enriched phospholipids (DHA‐PL) were administered to high fat (HF) diet‐induced obese C57BL/6J mice for 7 weeks to compare their effects on obesity‐related metabolic disorders. EGG‐PL, SOY‐PL, and DHA‐PL significantly decreased epididymal adipose tissue weights, reduced blood pressures and lowered hepatic TG levels. Only DHA‐PL efficiently decreased perirenal adipose tissue weights, and reduced serum glucose, insulin, IL‐6 and TG levels. These three phospholipids significantly decreased delta‐9 desaturation indices, the ratio of oleic acid versus stearic acid, and reduced the enzyme activities and gene expressions of FAS in the liver, while DHA‐PL also markedly reduced mRNA levels of SREBP‐1c and SCD‐1. Hepatic total catalase and peroxisomal β‐oxidation activities were significantly increased after DHA‐PL supplementation. These data indicated that the biological effects of PL with different fatty acid compositions were not completely equivalent and DHA‐PL, rich in n‐3 PUFA, was more efficient in ameliorating obesity‐related metabolic disorders, especially the lipid metabolism, attributing to the better inhibition of SREBP‐1c mediated lipogenesis and the elevation of hepatic lipolysis.Practical applications: This research gives the public the guidance of the dietary intake of bioactive phospholipids from the perspective of nutrition and it supplies informational support for the development of functional foods containing DHA‐PL participating to the prevention of chronic metabolic diseases in humans. In another aspect, this research also provides an important direction for the development and utilization of marine aquatic raw materials since these materials are the best sources of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched‐phospholipids.Dietary egg yolk phospholipids, soybean phospholipids, and marine docosahexaenoic acid‐enriched phospholipids (DHA‐PL) could efficiently improve obesity‐related metabolic disorders in mice. Notably, DHA‐PL, rich in n‐3 PUFA, exhibited the best ameliorative effects, especially on the lipid metabolism, which could be attributed to the better inhibition of SREBP‐1c mediated lipogenesis and the elevation of hepatic lipolysis. Such findings would be useful in the development of functional foods containing DHA‐PL participating to prevent chronic metabolic disease in humans.
Root properties of vegetation communities and their impact on the erosion resistance of river dikes
Authors: Vannoppen Wouter , Poesen Jean , Peeters Patrik , De Baets Sarah , Vandevoorde Bart 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPredicted climate change and the associated sea level rise poses an increased threat of flooding due to wave overtopping events at sea and river dikes. To safeguard the land from flooding it is important to keep the soil erosion resistance at the dikes high. As plant roots can be very effective in reducing soil erosion rates by concentrated flow, the main goal of this study is to explore the variability in root system characteristics of five dike vegetation communities along the Scheldt River (Belgium) and to assess their effectiveness in controlling soil erosion rates during concentrated flow. This study is the first one to investigate systematically the erosion‐reducing potential of the root properties of representative dike vegetation communities in a temperate humid climate.Results show that the presence of Urtica dioica resulted in large differences in root length density (RLD) among dike vegetation communities. Observed RLD values in the topsoil ranged from 129 to 235 km m‐3 for dike vegetation communities without U. dioica, while smaller values ranging from 22 to 58 km m−3 were found for vegetation communities with U. dioica. The erosion‐reducing effect of the dike vegetation communities was estimated based on a global Hill curve model, linking the RLD to the soil detachment ratio (SDR; i.e. the ratio of the soil detachment rate for root‐permeated topsoils to the soil detachment rate for root‐free topsoils). Concentrated flow erosion rates are likely to be reduced to 13–16% of the erosion rates for root‐free topsoils if U. dioica is absent compared to 22–30% for vegetation communities with U. dioica. Hence, to maintain a high resistance of the soil against concentrated flow erosion it is important to avoid the overgrowth of grassland by U. dioica through an effective vegetation management. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.