bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA‐3178 ameliorates inflammation and gastric carcinogenesis promoted by Helicobacter pylori new toxin, Tip‐α, by targeting TRAF3
Authors: Zou Meijuan , Wang Fang , Jiang Aiqin , Xia Anliang , Kong Siya , Gong Chun , Zhu Mingxia , Zhou Xin , Zhu Jun , Zhu Wei , Cheng Wenfang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori infection is the main cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Tip‐α is a newly identified carcinogenic factor present in H. pylori. TRAF3 can activate NF‐κB by both canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways. In this study, we found that the expression of TRAF3 and NF‐κB was upregulated, while microRNA‐3178 (miR‐3178) was decreased in H. pylori‐positive gastric tissues but not in H. pylori‐negative tissues.Materials and MethodsGES‐1 cells were incubated with 12.5 μg/mL recombinant Tip‐α (rTip‐α) in RPMI1640 for 2 hours. After another 24 hours, the supernatant medium was designed as inflammatory‐conditioned medium (ICM) and that from the untreated control cells was designed as untreated control medium. The release of proinflammatory cytokines from GES‐1 cells and proliferation of gastric cancer cells was determined by ELISA and CCK‐8 kits. Cells were transfected with the mimic, inhibitor, negative control of miR‐3178, or TRAF3 siRNA control siRNA. The medium was then replaced with RPMI1640, 12.5 μg/mL rTip‐α, and collected, and the total cellular RNA and protein were extracted for the following detection.ResultsMiR‐3178 mimic prevented the increasement of TRAF3 and hence decreased activation of NF‐κB signals, whereas miR‐3178 inhibitor could not, in GES‐1 cells with Tip‐α treatment. The condition medium from miR‐3178 mimic transfected GES‐1 cells could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of inflammation‐related gastric cancer cells SGC7901 and MGC803 by decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6, which were secreted by GES‐1 cells.ConclusionsTaken all together, Tip‐α might activate NF‐κB to promote inflammation and carcinogenesis by inhibiting miR‐3178 expression, which directly targeting TRAF3, during H. pylori infection in gastric mucosal epithelial cells.
Emodin alleviates hepatic steatosis by inhibiting sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 activity by way of the calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase kinase–AMP‐activated protein kinase–mechanistic target of rapamycin–p70 ribosomal S6 kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Shaojie , Li Xiaojie , Guo Hongli , Yuan Zihang , Wang Tao , Zhang Luyong , Jiang Zhenzhou 
Published: August 2016

AimTo investigate the effects of emodin on the treatment of non‐alcoholic fatty liver and the underlying mechanisms.MethodsIn vitro, hepatocytes were treated with 1 mM free fatty acid together with various concentrations of emodin. In vivo, Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into a control group, high‐fat diet (HFD) group, and three HFD groups treated with 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg emodin, respectively. After being fed a HFD for 4 weeks, rats were orally dosed with emodin once daily for 8 weeks. The biochemical parameters and histology features were examined. The expression of lipogenic and lipolytic gene and protein and the phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase kinase (CaMKK), AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) were measured in vitro and in vivo.ResultsEmodin improved lipid accumulation in vitro and in vivo. Emodin downregulated the levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and its target enzymes but increased lipolysis‐related proteins and mRNA. Phosphorylation of AMPK was increased, while phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K were suppressed by emodin. The nuclear translocation of SREBP1 was inhibited by emodin by AMPK and mTOR. Emodin activated AMPK by CaMKK and reversed the reduction of CaMKK in HFD‐fed rats.ConclusionEmodin effectively ameliorates hepatic steatosis through the CaMKK–AMPK–mTOR–p70S6K–SREBP1 signaling pathway.
Preparedness for use of the rapid result HIV self‐test by gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM): a mixed methods exploratory study among MSM and those involved in HIV prevention and care
Authors: Flowers P , Riddell J , Park C , Ahmed B , Young I , Frankis J , Davis M , Gilbert M , Estcourt C , Wallace L , McDaid LM 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to explore preparedness for the HIV self‐test among men who have sex with men (MSM) and those involved in HIV prevention and care.MethodsA mixed methods exploratory research design was employed, detailing awareness and willingness to use the self‐test and the perceived barriers and facilitators to implementation. Quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis were completed in parallel. Descriptive and inferential analysis of cross‐sectional bar‐based survey data collected from MSM through a self‐completed questionnaire and oral fluid specimen collection (n = 999) was combined with qualitative, thematic, analysis of data collected through 12 expert focus groups (n = 55) consisting of gay men, National Health Service (NHS) staff, community organizations, entrepreneurs and activists. Findings were subsequently combined and assessed for synergies.ResultsAmong MSM, self‐test awareness was moderate (55%). Greater awareness was associated with increased educational attainment [adjusted odds ratio 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–2.30; P = 0.05] and previous history of sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing (adjusted odds ratio 1.63; 95% CI 1.11–2.39; P = 0.01). Willingness to use the test was high (89%) and associated with meeting sexual partners online (unadjusted odds ratio 1.96; 95% CI 1.31–2.94; P < 0.001). Experts highlighted the overall acceptability of self‐testing; it was understood as convenient, discreet, accessible, and with a low burden to services. However, some ambivalence towards self‐testing was reported; it could reduce opportunities to engage with wider services, wider health issues and the determinants of risk.ConclusionsSelf‐testing represents an opportunity to reduce barriers to HIV testing and enhance prevention and access to care. Levels of awareness are moderate but willingness to use is high. Self‐testing may amplify health inequalities.
Informal versus formal search: Which yields better pay?
Authors: Tumen Semih 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEstimates on the effect of job contact method (i.e., informal versus formal search) on wage offers vary considerably across studies, with some finding a positive correlation between getting help from informal connections and obtaining highly paid jobs, while others finding a negative one. In this paper, I investigate theoretically the sources of discrepancies in these empirical results. Using a formal job search framework, I derive an equilibrium wage distribution which reveals that informal search yields for some groups higher and for some others lower wages than formal search. The key result is the existence of non‐monotonicities in wage offers. Two potential sources of these non‐monotonicities exist: peer effects and unobserved worker heterogeneity in terms of the inherent cost of maintaining connections within a productive informal network. The model predicts that a greater degree of unobserved heterogeneity tilts the estimates toward producing a positive correlation between informal search and higher wages, whereas stronger peer influences tend to yield a negative correlation. This conclusion informs the empirical research in the sense that identification of the true correlation between job contact methods and wage offers requires a careful assessment of the unobserved heterogeneity and peer influences in the relevant sample.
A telephone intervention to achieve differentiation in dietary intake: a randomized trial in paediatric primary care
Authors: Rhodes E. T. , Vernacchio L. , Mitchell A. A. , Fischer C. , Giacalone P. , Ludwig D. S. , Ebbeling C. B. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundTelehealth offers opportunities to extend clinical and research interventions for paediatric obesity.ObjectivesTo assess utility of a telephone intervention, implemented through a national primary care paediatric research network, for promoting differentiation in dietary intake, consistent with either a low‐glycemic load (Low GL) or Low Fat prescription, among overweight/obese school‐age children.MethodsFive‐week telephone dietary counselling intervention for parents of overweight/obese school‐age children recruited through the Slone Center Office‐based Research Network. Parent‐child dyads were randomized to Low GL or Low Fat diet. Primary outcomes were dietary GL and dietary fat, adjusted for energy intake and assessed by 24‐h dietary recall.ResultsSubjects were randomized to Low GL (n = 11, 8.1 ± 1.7 years, 45.5% male) or Low Fat (n = 11, 8.2 ± 2.0 years, 36.4% male), with no baseline differences. Overall, 86% of subjects attended at least four of five counselling sessions, and study completion rate was 91% (based on completion of the final dietary recalls). Reported satisfaction was high. In adjusted analyses limited to ‘recall completers,’ reduction in dietary GL (g/1000 kcal) achieved within the Low GL group was significant (p = 0.01) and greater than the change in dietary GL in the Low Fat group (mean ± SE; −12.9 ± 4.4 vs. 5.1 ± 4.9, p = 0.03). Similarly, reduction in dietary fat (% of total energy) within the Low Fat group was significant (−5.6 ± 2.5, p = 0.046) but with no difference between groups (p = 0.25).ConclusionA telephone‐based dietary intervention for overweight/obese children, implemented through a national paediatric research network, fostered prescribed dietary changes. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT00620152
Gartanin induces cell cycle arrest and autophagy and suppresses migration involving PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK signalling pathway in human glioma cells
Authors: Luo Ming , Liu Qingyu , He Mingliang , Yu Zhiling , Pi Rongbiao , Li Min , Yang Xiaohong , Wang Shengnan , Liu Anmin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn central nervous system, glioma is the most common primary brain tumour. The diffuse migration and rapid proliferation are main obstacles for successful treatment. Gartanin, a natural xanthone of mangosteen, suppressed proliferation, migration and colony formation in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner in T98G glioma cells but not in mouse normal neuronal HT22 cells. Gartanin, at low micromole, led to cell cycle arrest in G1 phase accompanied by inhibited expression level of G1 cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D1, while increased expression level of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1. In addition, the secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2/9 (MMP‐2/‐9) were significantly suppressed in T98G cells treated with gartanin, and it might result from modulating mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) signalling pathway in T98G glioma cells. Moreover, gartanin significantly induced autophagy in T98G cells and increased GFP‐LC3 punctate fluorescence accompanied by the increased expression level of Beclin 1 and LC3‐II, while suppressed expression level of p62. Gartanin treatment resulted in obvious inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, which is important in modulating autophagy. Notably, gartanin‐mediated anti‐viability was significantly abrogated by autophagy inhibitors including 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) and chloroquine (CQ). These results indicate that anti‐proliferation effect of gartanin in T98G cells is most likely via cell cycle arrest modulated by autophagy, which is regulated by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, while anti‐migration effect is most likely via suppression of MMP‐2/‐9 activity which is involved in MAPK signalling pathway.
Research Review: Multi‐informant integration in child and adolescent psychopathology diagnosis
Authors: Martel Michelle M. , Markon Kristian , Smith Gregory T. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundAn empirically based, clinically usable approach to cross‐informant integration in clinical assessment is needed. Although the importance of this ongoing issue is becoming increasingly recognized, little in the way of solid recommendations is currently provided to researchers and clinicians seeking to incorporate multiple informant reports in diagnosis of child psychopathology. The issue is timely because recent developments have created new opportunities for improved handling of this problem. For example, advanced theories of psychopathology and normal and abnormal child development provide theoretical guidance for how integration of multiple informants should be handled for specific disorders and at particular ages. In addition, more sophisticated data analytic approaches are now available, including advanced latent variable models, which allow for complex measurement approaches with consideration of measurement invariance.FindingsThe increasing availability and mobility of computing devices suggests that it will be increasingly feasible for clinicians to implement more advanced methods rather than being confined to the easily memorized algorithms of the DSM system.ConclusionsDevelopment of models of cross‐informant integration for individual disorders based on theory and tests of the incremental validity of more sophisticated cross‐informant integration approaches in comparison to external validation criteria (e.g. longitudinal trajectories and outcomes, treatment response, and behavior genetic etiology) should be a focus of future work.
Epistemic injustice and responsibility in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Kyratsous Michalis , Sanati Abdi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMiranda Fricker's concept of epistemic injustice has been quite a novel idea in epistemology. It brings something new to the fields of epistemology and ethics. Fricker draws our attention to a distinctive species of injustice, the epistemic injustice, in which someone is specifically wronged in his capacity as a knower. There has been a significant amount of work done in epistemic injustice, both in race and gender studies. The application of the concept in the context of mental health is less explored.Here, we aim to apply the concept of epistemic injustice in attributing responsibility to patients with borderline personality disorder. Attributing responsibility involves holding someone accountable for his presumed wrongdoings, making judgments on whether the agent has control on his action, on whether is aware of its consequences. It is generally agreed that in order to be morally responsible for an action the person should be worthy of praise or blame for it. Following Aristotle, we focus on epistemic condition in attribution of responsibility. We will discuss the role of epistemic injustice in assessment of epistemic condition of responsibility. We will show that we can misinterpret the agent's intentions because of the presence of systematic prejudices.We will focus on patients suffering from borderline personality disorder. We provide a case vignette to show a tendency in the professionals in holding these patients responsible for their action when it can be argued otherwise. We argue that prejudice against the patient with borderline personality disorder where the person is seen as manipulative plays a significant role in the process of epistemic injustice. The suggested manipulative nature of patients with borderline personality disorder leads to professionals to ascribe agency and knowledge where it is not due.
Use of clinical practice guidelines by dentists: findings from the Japanese dental practice‐based research network
Authors: Kakudate Naoki , Yokoyama Yoko , Sumida Futoshi , Matsumoto Yuki , Gordan Valeria V , Gilbert Gregg H 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe objectives of this study were to: (1) examine differences in the use of dental clinical practice guidelines among Japanese dentists, and (2) identify characteristics associated with the number of guidelines used by participating dentists.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study consisting of a questionnaire survey in Japan between July 2014 and May 2015. The study queried dentists working in outpatient dental practices who are affiliated with the Dental Practice‐Based Research Network Japan (n = 148). They were asked whether they have used each of 15 Japanese dental clinical guidelines. Associations between the number of guidelines used by participants and specific characteristics were analysed via negative binomial regression analysis.ResultsThe mean number of guidelines used by participating dentists was 2.5 ± 2.9 [standard deviation (SD)]. Rate of use of guidelines showed substantial variation, from 5% to 34% among dentists. The proportion of dentists that used guidelines was the highest among oral medicine specialists, who had the highest proportion for 10 of 15 guidelines. Negative binomial regression analysis identified three factors significantly associated with the number of guidelines used: ‘years since graduation from dental school’, ‘specialty practice’ and ‘practice busyness’.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the use of clinical practice guidelines by Japanese dentists may still be inadequate. Training in the use of the guidelines could be given to dental students as undergraduate education and to young clinicians as continuing education.
Multidisciplinary Treatment of Severe Upper Incisor Root Resorption Secondary to Transposed Canine
Authors: Korkmaz Yasemin Nur , Yagci Filiz 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTooth transposition is a rare dental anomaly that could lead to undesirable side effects on other teeth. This case report aims to describe the multidisciplinary treatment of a patient with a severely resorbed permanent maxillary central incisor due to transposition with the permanent canine.Clinical ConsiderationsA girl aged 13 years and 7 months with a chief complaint of a pink spot on her maxillary left incisor with a slightly erupted tooth above it was referred to our clinic. Her left maxillary canine was transposed to her left central incisor site. The left canine was impacted and had caused severe resorption of the left central incisor root. Her maxillary left canine was substituted for the central incisor after the compulsory extraction of her left central incisor. The canine was prosthetically restored after orthodontic treatment. The results were stable 1 year after treatment had been completed.ConclusionsOrthodontic treatment in coordination with other dental specialties like prosthodontics, periodontology and oral and maxillofacial surgery can provide functional and esthetic outcome in cases of severely transposed canines.Clinical SignificanceThis is a rare case of transposition that shows the significant root resorption on the maxillary central incisor due to the ectopic eruption of the canine. Canine substitution for the central incisor was chosen as a treatment plan instead of placing an implant. An esthetic smile and a functional occlusion were established at the end of the treatment. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:5–12, 2017)
Community participation of youth with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Tint A. , Maughan A. L. , Weiss J. A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundCommunity participation is associated with a range of positive developmental outcomes; however, the frequency, depth and resources associated with participation for youth with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are not well understood.MethodCaregivers of 212 youth with ASD and ID and only ID, aged 11–22 years, completed an online survey. Comparisons were made of caregiver reports of diversity and frequency of participation, levels of participation involvement and related environmental barriers and supports.ResultsThe diversity and frequency of community participation of youth with ASD and ID approximated that of youth with ID only. Youth with ASD and ID were reported to be significantly less involved in the community activities in which they participated. Environmental features, and in particular, the social demands of community‐based activities, were significant barriers to youths' participation.ConclusionsThe current study highlights individual and environmental factors amenable to intervention that may foster successful community participation among youth with ASD and ID.
A Comparison of Magnetization Transfer Methods to Assess Brain and Cervical Cord Microstructure in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Lema Alfonso , Bishop Courtney , Malik Omar , Mattoscio Miriam , Ali Rehiana , Nicholas Richard , Muraro Paolo A. , Matthews Paul M. , Waldman Adam D. , Newbould Rexford D. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDDemyelination is a core pathological feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) and spontaneous remyelination appears to be an important mechanism for repair in the disease. Magnetization transfer ratio imaging (MTR) has been used extensively to evaluate demyelination, although limitations to its specificity are recognized. MT saturation imaging (MTsat) removes some of the T1 dependence of MTR. We have performed a comparative evaluation of MTR and MTsat imaging in a mixed group of subjects with active MS, to explore their relative sensitivity to pathology relevant to explaining clinical outcomes.METHODSA total of 134 subjects underwent MRI of their brain and cervical spinal cord. Isotropic 3‐dimensional pre‐ and postcontrast T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) volumes were segmented into brain normal appearing white matter (NAWM), brain WM lesions (WML), normal appearing spinal cord (NASC), and spinal cord lesions. Volumes and metrics for MTR and MTsat histograms were calculated for each region.RESULTSSignificant Spearman correlations were found with the Expanded Disability Status Scale and timed 25‐foot walk for the whole brain and WML MTR, but not in that from the NAWM or any cervical spinal cord region. By contrast, the MTsat was correlated with both disability metrics in all these regions in both the brain and spine.CONCLUSIONSThis study extends prior work relating atrophy and lesion load with disability, by characterization of MTsat parameters. MTsat is practical in routine clinical applications and may be more sensitive to tissue damage than MTR for both brain and cervical spinal cord.
Transcranial Doppler as a Predictor of Ischemic Events in Carotid Artery Dissection
Authors: Brunser Alejandro M. , Lavados Pablo M. , Hoppe Arnold , Muñoz‐Venturelli Paula , Sujima Emi , López Javiera , Mansilla Eloy , Cárcamo Daniel , Díaz Violeta 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe aim to evaluate clinical features and transcranial Doppler (TCD) elements, as predictors of the development of ischemic events (IEs) in patients suffering from spontaneous carotid arterial dissection without stroke (CCADW).METHODSConsecutive patients with CCADW, seen in Clínica Alemana de Santiago between April 2004 and January 2015, were evaluated clinically, and with TCD, microembolic signals (MES) monitoring and breath hold Index (BHI) test were performed.RESULTSForty‐one patients with 45 CCADW were included. Mean age 41.9 years, 31 male, and 12 (29.1%) patients present with multiple CCADW. At the moment of TCD evaluation, 17 (41.4%) patients were being treated with antiplatelets and the rest under Heparin. TCD monitoring lasted in average 53.3 minutes and demonstrated at the moment of evaluation, MES in four carotid arteries (11.1%) of 3 patients and 13 (28.8%) abnormal BHI in 11 patients. Six IEs occurred in 3 patients, 3 strokes, and 3 transient ischemic attacks. In the univariate analysis correlating IE with clinical and ultrasonographic findings, the degree of carotid stenosis, the presence of multiple CAD, and the presence of MES plus abnormalities of BHI were significantly associated with the risk of an IE. Multivariable analysis showed that only the presence of MES plus abnormal BHI were significant (P < .001). MES and abnormal BHI were present in the 3 patients and in four arterial territories that had IE.CONCLUSIONSTCD can identify a subgroup of patients with CCADW who are at high risk of IE.