bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Colostrum Quality and Effects on Serum Gamma Globulin Concentrations of Calves in Swiss Dairy Herds
Authors: Reschke C. , Schelling E. , Michel A. , Remy‐Wohlfender F. , Meylan M. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown a high prevalence of failure of passive transfer of immunity (FPT) in Swiss dairy calves.ObjectivesTo investigate risk factors associated with poor colostrum quality andFPTon Swiss dairy farms.AnimalsColostrum and serum samples from 373 dam‐calf pairs at 141 farms.MethodsThe gamma globulin (Gg) concentrations of the dams’ colostrum and the calves’ serum samples were determined by electrophoresis. Potential risk factors were assessed by logistic regression of questionnaire data.ResultsPrevalence values of 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.0–19.6%) for low‐quality colostrum (<50 g Gg/L) in cows and 43.5% (95%CI, 38.4–48.8%) forFPT(serum Gg < 10 g/L) in calves were estimated. The main factors associated with low colostrum quality included colostrum leakage before or during parturition and a time lag > 6 hours between parturition and first milking. The results confirm that the occurrence ofFPTin calves primarily was influenced by the quality of colostrum, the amount of ingested colostrum, and the time between birth and first feeding.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThese results confirm a large potential for improvement in colostrum harvesting and colostrum feeding procedures in the study herds. Control for colostrum leaking intra‐partum, early colostrum milking, and ensuring that the calves ingest a sufficient volume of colostrum within the first hours of life are measures that can be readily implemented by farmers to decrease the incidence ofFPTwithout additional workload.
Climate signals in tree‐ring δ18O and δ13C from southeastern Tibet: insights from observations and forward modelling of intra‐ to interdecadal variability
Authors: Zeng Xiaomin , Liu Xiaohong , Treydte Kerstin , Evans Michael N. , Wang Wenzhi , An Wenling , Sun Weizhen , Xu Guobao , Wu Guoju , Zhang Xuanwen 
Published: August 2017

Summary

Stable isotopes in tree rings are increasingly used as proxies for climatic and ecophysiological changes. However, uncertainties remain about the strength and consistency of their response to environmental variation at different temporal (i.e. seasonal to inter‐decadal) scales.

We developed 5 yr of intra‐seasonal and 62 yr of early‐ and late‐wood δ13C and δ18O series of Smith fir (Abies georgei var. smithii) on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, and used a process‐based forward model to examine the relative importance of environmental and physiological controls on the isotopic data.

In this temperate high‐altitude region, the response, both δ18O and δ13C, is primarily to variations in relative humidity, but by different processes. In δ18O, the response is via source water δ18O but also arises from leaf water 18O enrichment. In δ13C, the response is via changes in stomatal conductance but is modified by carry‐over effects from prior periods.

We conclude that tree‐ring δ18O may be a more robust climate proxy than δ13C, and δ13C may be more suited to studies of site‐related physiological responses to the local environment.
Does water availability regulate biomass partitioning between trunk and branches?
Authors: Magnin A. , Torres C. D. , Villalba R. , Puntieri J. G. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

The extent to which a vertical trunk is differentiated from its branches is a key trait for the architecture of trees and may affect interspecific relationships.

In this study, we analysed the effect of soil water availability on biomass partitioning for Nothofagus pumilio by means of a nursery experiment. Juvenile trees were subject to three irrigation conditions: no irrigation, intermediate irrigation and high irrigation. Irrigation conditions emulated the mean precipitation of the most representative environments inhabited by N. pumilio.

Changes in soil water availability modified the biomass partitioning patterns of trees. In comparison to the other two conditions, high irrigation caused: (i) a higher ratio of biomass partitioning to stems than roots; (ii) more trunk growth in relation to its branches; and (iii) more photosynthetic organs relative to the aboveground biomass. Trunk size relative to that of its most recent branches was not increased by water availability.

Water availability may play a significant role in the capacity of N. pumilio for space occupation due to the effects on axis differentiation.
Pollen and stigma size changes during the transition from tristyly to distyly inOxalis alpina(Oxalidaceae)
Authors: Baena‐Díaz F. , Fornoni J. , Sosenski P. , Weller S. G. , Domínguez C. A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPollen and stigma size have the potential to influence male fitness of hermaphroditic plants, particularly in species presenting floral polymorphisms characterised by marked differences in these traits among floral morphs. In this study, we take advantage of the evolutionary transition from tristyly to distyly experienced byOxalis alpina(Oxalidaceae), and examined whether modifications in the ancillary traits (pollen and stigma size) respond to allometric changes in other floral traits. Also, we tested whether these modifications are in accordance with what would be expected under the hypothesis that novel competitive scenarios (as in distylous‐derived reproductive system) exert morph‐ and whorl‐specific selective pressures to match the available stigmas.We measure pollen and stigma size in five populations ofO. alpinarepresenting the tristyly–distyly transition.A general reduction in pollen and stigma size occurred along the tristyly–distyly transition, and pollen size from the two anther levels within each morph converged to a similar size that was characterised by whorl‐specific changes (increases or decreases) in pollen size of different anthers in each floral type.Overall, results from this study show that the evolution of distyly in this species is characterised not only by changes in sexual organ position and flower size, but also by morph‐specific changes in pollen and stigma size. This evidence supports the importance of selection on pollen and stigma size, which increase fitness of remaining morphs following the evolution of distyly, and raises questions to explore on the functional value of pollen size in heterostylous systems under pollen competition.
Passive restoration following ungulate removal in a highly disturbed tropical wet forest devoid of native seed dispersers
Authors: Nafus Melia G. , Savidge Julie A. , Yackel Adams Amy A. , Christy Michelle T. , Reed Robert N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOverabundant ungulate populations can alter forests. Concurrently, global declines of seed dispersers may threaten native forest structure and function. On an island largely devoid of native vertebrate seed dispersers, we monitored forest succession for 7 years following ungulate exclusion from a 5‐ha area and adjacent plots with ungulates still present. We observed succession from open scrub to forest and understory cover by non‐native plants declined. Two trees, native Hibiscus tiliaceus and non‐native Leucaena leucocephala, accounted for most forest regeneration, with the latter dominant. Neither species is dependent on animal dispersers nor was there strong evidence that plants dependent on dispersers migrated into the 5‐ha study area. Passive restoration following ungulate removal may facilitate restoration, but did not show promise for fully restoring native forest on Guam. Restoration of native forest plants in bird depopulated areas will likely require active outplanting of native seedlings, control of factors resulting in bird loss, and reintroduction of seed dispersers.
The validity and reliability of the type 2 diabetes and health promotion scale Turkish version: a methodological study
Authors: Yildiz Esra , Kavuran Esin 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveA healthy promotion is important for maintaining health and preventing complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.AimThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometrics of a recently developed tool that can be used to screen for a health‐promoting lifestyle in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodData were collected from outpatients attending diabetes clinics. The Type 2 Diabetes and Health Promotion Scale (T2DHPS) and a demographic questionnaire were administered to 295 participants. Forward–backward translation of the original English version was used to develop a Turkish version. Internal consistency of the scale was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. An explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis used validity of the Type 2 Diabetes and Health Promotion Scale – Turkish version.ResultsKaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's sphericity tests showed that the sample met the criteria required for factor analysis. The reliability coefficient for the total scale was 0.84, and alpha coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.57 to 0.92. A six‐factor solution was obtained that explained 59.3% of the total variance. The ratio of chi‐square statistics to degrees of freedom (χ2/df) 3.30 (χ2 = 1157.48/SD = 350); error of root mean square approximation (RMSEA) 0.061; GFI value of 0.91 and comparative fit index (CFI) value was obtained as 0.91.ConclusionsTurkish version of The T2DHPS is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to assess patients’ health‐promoting lifestyle behaviours. Validity and reliability studies in different cultures and regions are recommended.
Conflicting rationales: leader's experienced ethical challenges in community health care for older people
Authors: Slettebø Åshild , Skaar Ragnhild , Brodtkorb Kari , Skisland Anne 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundEthical challenges arise in all types of care, and leaders need to be aware of how to resolve these challenges. Healthcare systems tend to be organised around medical conditions, and the patient is often faced with a series of uncoordinated visits to multiple specialties. Ideally, care should be organised around the patient's needs.AimThe purpose of this article was to highlight some ethical challenges perceived by leaders with responsibility for management and service distribution, finance and ensuring quality of community health services for older people.MethodThis study had a qualitative design with a qualitative content analysis of one focus group with six leaders that met four times in total. Leaders from the community healthcare sector in one Norwegian municipality were included, representing both nursing homes and home‐based health care. The study followed the intentions of the Declaration of Helsinki and standard ethical principles. The Norwegian Social Science Data Services approved the study. All participants voluntarily gave written informed consent.FindingsThe main theme that emerged from this study was the ethical challenge leaders felt in the form of an inherent conflict between a caring rationale versus economic or technological rationales. Four categories emerged: (i) Management: quality versus economy; (ii) Prioritisation: fair distribution of healthcare services; (iii) Responsibility: considering individuals' needs versus the needs of the whole community; and (iv) Welfare technology: possibilities and challenges.ConclusionLeaders' responsibilities in community health care for older people need to strike a balance between ethical principles in the management of limited resources.
Attitudes towards care robots among Finnish home care personnel – a comparison of two approaches
Authors: Rantanen Teemu , Lehto Paula , Vuorinen Pertti , Coco Kirsi 
Published: August 2017

Study's rationaleThe significance of care robotics has been highlighted in recent years.Aims and objectiveThe article examines the adoption of care robots in home care settings, and in particular Finnish home care personnel's attitudes towards robots. The study compares the importance of the Negative Attitudes towards Robots Scale advanced by Nomura and specific positive attitudes related to the usefulness of care robots for different tasks in the home care.Methodological designA cross‐sectional study conducted by questionnaire. The research data were gathered from a survey of Finnish home care personnel (n = 200).Research methodsExploratory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis.MeasuresThe Negative Attitudes towards Robots Scale (NARS), by Nomura, with a specific behavioural intention scale based on Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour, and a measure of positive attitudes towards the usefulness of care robots for different tasks in home care and the promotion of independent living of older persons.ResultsThe study shows that NARS helps to explain psychological resistance related to the introduction of care robots, although the scale is susceptible to cultural differences. Care personnel's behavioural intentions related to the introduction of robot applications are influenced also by the perception of the usefulness of care robots.Study limitationsThe study is based only on a Finnish sample, and the response rate of the study was relatively small (18.2%), which limits the generalisability of the results.ConclusionsThe study shows that the examination of home care personnel's attitudes towards robots is not justified to focus only on one aspect, but a better explanation is achieved by combining the perspectives of societal attitudes, attitudes related to psychological reactions and the practical care and promotion of the independent living of older people.
An ethnographic investigation of healthcare providers' approaches to facilitating person‐centredness in group‐based diabetes education
Authors: Stenov Vibeke , Hempler Nana Folmann , Reventlow Susanne , Wind Gitte 
Published: August 2017

AimTo investigate approaches among healthcare providers (HCPs) that support or hinder person‐centredness in group‐based diabetes education programmes targeting persons with type 2 diabetes.MethodsEthnographic fieldwork in a municipal and a hospital setting in Denmark. The two programmes included 21 participants and 10 HCPs and were observed over 5 weeks. Additionally, 10 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted with patients (n = 7) and HCPs (n = 3). Data were analysed using systematic text condensation.ResultsHindering approaches included a teacher‐centred focus on delivering disease‐specific information. Communication was dialog based, but HCPs primarily asked closed‐ended questions with one correct answer. Additional hindering approaches included ignoring participants with suboptimal health behaviours and a tendency to moralize that resulted in feelings of guilt among participants. Supporting approaches included letting participants set the agenda using broad, open‐ended questions.DiscussionHealthcare providers are often socialized into a biomedical approach and trained to be experts. However, person‐centredness involves redefined roles and responsibilities. Applying person‐centredness in practice requires continuous training and supervision, but HCPs often have minimum support for developing person‐centred communication skills. Techniques based on motivational communication, psychosocial methods and facilitating group processes are effective person‐centred approaches in a group context.ConclusionTeacher‐centredness undermined person‐centredness because HCPs primarily delivered disease‐specific recommendations, leading to biomedical information overload for participants.
Patient experience with early discharge after total knee arthroplasty: a focus group study
Authors: Høvik Lise Husby , Aglen Bjørg , Husby Vigdis Schnell 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundTotal knee arthroplasty is experienced as a painful procedure, and pain after surgery seems to be the most limiting factor for early mobilisation. Physical exercise is of utter importance for avoiding complications such as persistent pain and functional limitations. A fast‐track pathway aims at improving patient outcome, and patients are now discharged 2–3 days after surgery. Little is known about how the patients cope with pain, exercise or daily activities at home.AimTo explore the experience of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty in a fast‐track pathway during the first 2 weeks after surgery.DesignQualitative design.MethodsThree focus group interviews, including 13 patients from two different units of an orthopaedic department in central Norway, were conducted from May to June 2015. The interviews were analysed using Malteruds` method of systematic text condensation.FindingsThe main finding was the patients' determination and ability to cope at home. The fast‐track pathway seemed to enable patients to take an active role in own self‐care. The patient's coping capacity was strengthened by education, knowledge and predictability. Four main areas related to coping emerged after discharge. First, the majority of patients expressed that it was good to come home and take responsibility for their own rehabilitation. Second, prerequisites for feeling secure after returning home were highlighted. Third, the patients seemed empowered by sharing experiences with others. Fourth, postoperative pain was prevalent in many patients after discharge, but the patients seemed prepared by information provided in the fast‐track pathway.ConclusionThe fast‐track pathway released coping skills and resources among the patients. The expectation of, and preparation for early discharge made the patients feel confident when discharged few days after surgery. The patients expected to take great responsibility for their own rehabilitation process.
Aggregate Fluctuations and International Migration
Authors: Beine Michel , Bourgeon Pauline , Bricongne Jean‐Charles 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we study the role of short‐run factors such as business cycles or changes in employment rates in explaining international migration flows. First, we derive a model of optimal migration choice predicting that short‐run economic fluctuations trigger migration flows on top of the impact exerted by long‐run factors. Second, we empirically test the magnitude of the effect of these short‐run factors on migration flows. Our results indicate that both aggregate fluctuations and employment rates affect migration flows. Third, we provide evidence that the Schengen Agreement and the euro significantly increased the international mobility of workers between the member countries.uuuü
Youth Suicide Deaths: Investigation of Clinical Predictors in a Statewide Sample
Authors: Keeshin Brooks R. , Gray Doug , Zhang Chong , Presson Angela P. , Coon Hilary 
Published: August 2017

Death by suicide is a significant cause of mortality among youth. However, there is limited information on the demographic and clinical factors associated with youth suicide deaths. The objective of this study was to link large statewide databases to describe demographic, clinical, and cause of death characteristics among youth who died by suicide. We examined 1,218 decedents under age 26 who died by suicie between 2000 and 2014. Eighteen died before age 12, 53 died between ages 12 and 14, 292 died between ages 15 and 18, and 855 died between ages 19 and 25. Most were male (83%), and firearm was most common cause of death; 28% previously attempted suicide, 31% had a mental health diagnosis, and 17% were prescribed psychotropic medication. Younger children died by hanging/smothering (89% of all 7‐ to 11‐year olds), and overdose/poisoning increased progressively with age. Adolescents had a higher proportion of females than young adults (23% vs. 14%, p = .002). Combining data from the medical examiner and large hospital systems allows examination of youth suicide from a developmental perspective. Differences between age groups included gender, method, diagnosed mental illness, and diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. These data point to missed opportunities for effective interventions for specific developmental stages.
Cold water immersion: kill or cure?
Authors: Tipton M. J. , Collier N. , Massey H. , Corbett J. , Harper M. 
Published: August 2017

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
This is the first review to look across the broad field of ‘cold water immersion’ and to determine the threats and benefits associated with it as both a hazard and a treatment.

What advances does it highlight?
The level of evidence supporting each of the areas reviewed is assessed.

Like other environmental constituents, such as pressure, heat and oxygen, cold water can be either good or bad, threat or treatment, depending on circumstance. Given the current increase in the popularly of open cold water swimming, it is timely to review the various human responses to cold water immersion (CWI) and consider the strength of the claims made for the effects of CWI. As a consequence, in this review we look at the history of CWI and examine CWI as a precursor to drowning, cardiac arrest and hypothermia. We also assess its role in prolonged survival underwater, extending exercise time in the heat and treating hyperthermic casualties. More recent uses, such as in the prevention of inflammation and treatment of inflammation‐related conditions, are also considered. It is concluded that the evidence base for the different claims made for CWI are varied, and although in most instances there seems to be a credible rationale for the benefits or otherwise of CWI, in some instances the supporting data remain at the level of anecdotal speculation. Clear directions and requirements for future research are indicated by this review.
Central angiotensin‐(1–7) increases osmotic thirst
Authors: dos‐Santos Raoni Conceição , Monteiro Lívia da Rocha Natalino , Paes‐Leme Bruno , Lustrino Danilo , Antunes‐Rodrigues José , Mecawi André Souza , Reis Luís Carlos 
Published: August 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The central goal of this study was to understand the effects of central angiotensin‐(1–7) on basal and osmotically stimulated water intake in rats.

What is the main finding and its importance?
This study demonstrated that central administration of angiotensin‐(1–7) did not induce thirst in basal conditions but increased water intake after osmotic stimulation, such as water deprivation and salt loading. These results indicate a new function for this peptide, which, in turn, allows for future research on the mechanisms through which angiotensin‐(1–7) influences osmotic thirst.

Angiotensin‐(1–7) [Ang‐(1–7)] is generated by type 2 angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE2) and binds to the MAS receptor. Although it is well known that Ang‐(1–7) functionally antagonizes the effects of the classical renin–angiotensin system in several situations, the role of Ang‐(1–7) in hydromineral homeostasis is not clear. The aim of this study was to assess the role of Ang‐(1–7) on neuroendocrine responses to hyperosmolality in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following three groups: control; 24 h of water deprivation (WD); and 24 h of salt loading (SL; 1.8% NaCl). Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of Ang‐(1–7) or vehicle were given to assess water intake and plasma concentration of vasopressin. Additionally, the brains from control and WD groups were collected to evaluate gene expression in the subfornical organ (SFO), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON). It was found that i.c.v. Ang‐(1–7) did not change water and salt intake in control rats; however, Ang‐(1–7) increased water intake after WD and SL, with no change in salt intake. Plasma vasopressin was not changed by i.c.v. Ang‐(1–7) in control or WD rats. Moreover, WD increased Mas gene expression in the SON and PVN, with no changes in Ace2 mRNA levels. In conclusion, Ang‐(1–7) increases thirst after osmotic stimuli, indicating that a previous sensitization to its action is necessary. This finding is consistent with the increased Mas gene expression in the PVN and SON after water deprivation.