bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory impairment is related to REM sleep deprivation in rotenone model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Aurich Mariana F. , Rodrigues Lais S. , Targa Adriano D. S. , Noseda Ana Carolina D. , Cunha Flávia D. W. , Lima Marcelo M. S. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction Olfactory dysfunction affects about 85-90% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with severe deterioration in the ability of discriminate several types of odors. In addition, studies reported declines in olfactory performances during a short period of sleep deprivation. Besides, PD is also known to strongly affect the occurrence and maintenance of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
Methods Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms involved on discrimination of a social odor (dependent on the vomeronasal system) and a non-social odor (related to the main olfactory pathway) in the rotenone model of PD. Also, a concomitant impairment in REM sleep was inflicted with the introduction of two periods (24 or 48 h) of REM sleep deprivation (REMSD). Rotenone promoted a remarkable olfactory impairment in both social and non-social odors, with a notable modulation induced by 24 h of REMSD for the non-social odor.
Results Our findings demonstrated the occurrence of a strong association between the density of nigral TH-ir neurons and the olfactory discrimination capacity for both odorant stimuli. Specifically, the rotenone-induced decrease of these neurons tends to elicit reductions in the olfactory discrimination ability.
Conclusions These results are consistent with the participation of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system mainly in the olfactory discrimination of a non-social odor, probably through the main olfactory pathway. Such involvement may have produce relevant impact in the preclinical abnormalities found in PD patients.
Hemodynamics as Measured With Color Doppler Sonography in Early‐Stage Obesity‐Related Nephropathy in Children
Authors: He Xuehua , Guan Buyun , Zhu Liling 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesWe retrospectively studied hemodynamic changes in the interlobar artery to assess the clinical value of color Doppler sonography for detecting preclinical obesity‐related nephropathy.MethodsColor Doppler renal sonography was performed in 52 children with obesity‐related nephropathy and 51 control children with simple obesity. The interlobar artery resistive index (RI) was measured and compared with clinical data and laboratory indicators.ResultsThe left RI (mean ± SD, 0.65 ± 0.05 versus 0.60 ± 0.08; t = 3.85), right RI (0.64 ± 0.03 versus 0.59 ± 0.02; t = 10.00), and mean RI (0.64 ± 0.05 versus 0.59 ± 0.06; t = 5.00) revealed large statistically significant increases in the obesity‐related nephropathy group (all P < .01). In the obesity‐related nephropathy group, a positive correlation was found between the mean RI and 24‐hour urine trace albumin (r = 0.47; P < .01), triglycerides (r = 0.98; P < .01), and body mass index (r = 0.28; P < .05). The 24‐hour urine trace albumin and triglycerides were higher in the obesity‐related nephropathy group than the control group (P < .05). In the control group, a mild positive correlation was also found between the mean RI and body mass index (r = 0.24; P < .05).ConclusionsColor Doppler sonography successfully indicated renal hemodynamic changes and has diagnostic value for early‐stage obesity‐related nephropathy.
Magnetically controlled density structures in the topside layer of the Martian ionosphere
Authors: Venkateswara Rao N. , Mohanamanasa P. , Rao S. V. B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMagnetically controlled density structures in the main layer of the Martian ionosphere are regularly detected by the Mars Advance Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounder (MARSIS) on board the Mars Express spacecraft when it passes over the regions of strong crustal magnetic fields. These structures appear as oblique echoes in an ionogram and as hyperbola‐shaped feature in a radargram. For the first time, we observed such oblique echoes from the topside layer of the Martian ionosphere. Comparison with a crustal magnetic field model suggests that these echoes mostly occur in regions close to magnetic field anomalies. The MARSIS ionograms that show these oblique echoes are limited in number. One reason for such limited occurrence is the fact that these echoes occur at the low‐frequency end of an ionogram where local plasma frequency lines and electron‐cyclotron lines make it difficult to discern these echoes. In one case, however, we observed the topside layer with oblique echoes on several continuous ionograms and a hyperbola‐shaped feature on a radargram. The apex of the hyperbola falls in the region of vertical magnetic fields. Unlike the main layer, the recurrent occurrence of the topside layer at the same location is not common. More importantly, the oblique echoes from the topside layer are always associated with those from the main layer of the ionosphere, but not vice versa. The simultaneous observation of oblique echoes from the main and topside layers is explained by considering the formation of ionization bulges at the respective layer altitudes.
Coastal‐trapped behavior of the diurnal internal tide at O'ahu, Hawai'i
Authors: Smith Katharine A. , Merrifield Mark A. , Carter Glenn S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe influence of rotation on the structure and propagation of internal tides around O'ahu, Hawai'i is investigated using in situ observations and a tidally forced, primitive equation model with realistic bathymetry and stratification. Particular attention is given to the diurnal internal tide, which largely has been de‐emphasized in previous studies of the region because of the dominance of the semidiurnal internal tide but has been determined by recent studies to be a significant contributor to baroclinic variability. Though both diurnal and semidiurnal internal tides are generated primarily over Ka'ena Ridge to the northwest of the island, the diurnal internal tide propagates clockwise around the island as an imperfectly trapped wave, while the semidiurnal internal tide propagates away from the ridge, unaffected by rotation. The diurnal and semidiurnal internal tides fall into the superinertial frequency range; however, the diurnal frequency apparently is sufficiently close to inertial (∼ 1.4f) for rotation to affect internal tide propagation. The in situ observations support the model finding that diurnal trapping provides the primary source of baroclinic variability along the eastern coast of the island, a stretch of coastline otherwise sheltered from the internal tide energy generated over the Hawaiian Ridge. The findings in Hawai'i suggest that coastal trapping of superinertial internal tides may be a significant source of variability and mixing in other nearshore systems around the world.
Uncertainties in TRMM‐Era multisatellite‐based tropical rainfall estimates over the Maritime Continent
Authors: Rauniyar S. P. , Protat A. , Kanamori H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the regional and seasonal rainfall rate retrieval uncertainties within nine state‐of‐the‐art satellite‐based rainfall products over the Maritime Continent (MC) region. The results show consistently larger differences in mean daily rainfall among products over land, especially over mountains and along coasts, compared to over ocean, by about 20% for low to medium rain rates and 5% for heavy rain rates. However, rainfall differences among the products do not exhibit any seasonal dependency over both surface types (land and ocean) of the MC region. The differences between products largely depends on the rain rate itself, with a factor 2 difference for light rain and 30% for intermediate and high rain rates over ocean. The rain‐rate products dominated by microwave measurements showed less spread among themselves over ocean compared to the products dominated by infrared measurements. Conversely, over land, the rain gauge‐adjusted post–real‐time products dominated by microwave measurements produced the largest spreads, due to the usage of different gauge analyses for the bias corrections. Intercomparisons of rainfall characteristics of these products revealed large discrepancies in detecting the frequency and intensity of rainfall. These satellite products are finally evaluated at subdaily, daily, monthly, intraseasonal, and seasonal temporal scales against high‐quality gridded rainfall observations in the Sarawak (Malaysia) region for the 4 year period 2000–2003. No single satellite‐based rainfall product clearly outperforms the other products at all temporal scales. General guidelines are provided for selecting a product that could be best suited for a particular application and/or temporal resolution.
Seasonally derived components of the Canada Basin halocline
Authors: Timmermans Mary‐Louise , Marshall John , Proshutinsky Andrey , Scott Jeffery 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Arctic halocline stratification is an important barrier to the transport of deep ocean heat to the underside of sea ice. Surface water in the Chukchi Sea, warmed in summer by solar radiation, ventilates the Canada Basin halocline to create a warm layer below the mixed‐layer base. The year‐round persistence of this layer is shown to be consistent with the seasonal cycle of halocline ventilation. We present hydrographic observations and model results to show how Chukchi Sea density outcrops migrate seasonally as surface fluxes modify salinity and temperature. This migration is such that in winter, isopycnals bounding the warm halocline are blocked from ventilation, while the cool, relatively salty and deeper halocline layers are ventilated. In this way, the warm halocline is isolated by stratification (both vertically and laterally) each winter. Results shed light on the fate and impact to sea ice of the warm halocline under future freshening and warming of the surface Arctic Ocean.
Vegetation as a driver of temporal variations in slope stability: The impact of hydrological processes
Authors: Kim John H. , Fourcaud Thierry , Jourdan Christophe , Maeght Jean‐Luc , Mao Zhun , Metayer James , Meylan Louise , Pierret Alain , Rapidel Bruno , Roupsard Olivier , de Rouw Anneke , Sanchez Mario Villatoro , Wang Yan , Stokes Alexia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlthough vegetation is increasingly used to mitigate landslide risks, how vegetation affects the temporal variability of slope stability is poorly understood, especially in earthquake‐prone regions. We combined 3‐year long soil moisture monitoring, measurements of soil physical properties and plant functional traits, and numerical modeling to compare slope stability under paired land uses with and without trees in tropical, subtropical, and temperate landslide‐ and earthquake‐prone regions. Trees improved stability for 5–12 months per year from drawdown of soil moisture and resulted in less interannual variability in the duration of high‐stability periods compared to slopes without trees. Our meta‐analysis of published data also showed that slopes with woody vegetation were more stable and less sensitive to climate and soil factors than slopes with herbaceous vegetation. However, estimates of earthquake magnitude necessary to destabilize slopes at our sites suggest that large additional stabilization from trees is necessary for meaningful protection against external triggers.
A simple diagnostic for the detection of atmospheric fronts
Authors: Parfitt Rhys , Czaja Arnaud , Seo Hyodae 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this article, a simple diagnostic to identify atmospheric fronts objectively from gridded data sets is presented. For this diagnostic, fronts are identified as regions where the normalized product of the isobaric relative vorticity and horizontal temperature gradient exceeds a threshold value. The purpose is to introduce a method that is both robust and particularly straightforward in calculation. A climatology of atmospheric fronts, as well as the identification of an individual frontal system, is computed using this diagnostic. These are subsequently compared to a more traditional frontal detection method and the similarities and differences discussed.
Tropical cyclone fullness: A new concept for interpreting storm intensity
Authors: Guo Xi , Tan Zhe‐Min 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntensity and size are two crucial factors in determining the destructiveness of a tropical cyclone (TC), but little is known about the relationship between them because of a lack of observations. TC fullness, a new concept, is proposed to quantitatively measure the storm wind structure, which is defined as the ratio of the extent of the outer‐core wind skirt to the outer‐core size of the TC. TC intensity is more strongly correlated with fullness than with other measures comprising just a single size parameter. A scale is introduced to classify TCs into four categories based on TC fullness (FS1 to FS4). Regardless of the specific inner‐core and outer‐core size, the FS4 fullness structure is necessary for an intense TC's development, while category FS1 and FS2 TCs are generally weak. Most major TCs achieve FS4 fullness structure earlier and more frequently than nonmajor TCs. Rapidly increasing fullness favors the intensification of TC.
Association Between Pain Sensitization and Disease Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Lee Yvonne C. , Bingham Clifton O. , Edwards Robert R. , Marder Wendy , Phillips Kristine , Bolster Marcy B. , Clauw Daniel J. , Moreland Larry W. , Lu Bing , Wohlfahrt Alyssa , Zhang Zhi , Neogi Tuhina 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivePain sensitization may contribute to pain severity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), impacting disease activity assessment. We examined whether pain processing mechanisms were associated with disease activity among RA patients with active disease.MethodsThe study included 139 subjects enrolled in the Central Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis cohort. Subjects underwent quantitative sensory testing (QST), including assessment of pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) at multiple sites, conditioned pain modulation, and temporal summation. RA disease activity was assessed using the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and its components. We examined cross‐sectional associations between QST measures and disease activity using linear regression.ResultsLow PPTs (high pain sensitization) at all sites were associated with high CDAI scores (P ≤ 0.03) and tender joint counts (P ≤ 0.002). Associations between PPTs and patient global assessments were also seen at most sites. High temporal summation at the forearm (also reflecting high pain sensitization) was significantly associated with high CDAI scores (P = 0.02), patient global assessment scores (P = 0.0006), evaluator global assessment scores (P = 0.01), and tender joint counts (P = 0.02). Conversely, conditioned pain modulation (a measure of descending inhibitory pain pathways) was associated only with tender joint count (P = 0.03).ConclusionHigh pain sensitization is associated with elevations in disease activity measures. Longitudinal studies are underway to elucidate the cause–effect relationships between pain sensitization and inflammatory disease activity in RA.
Hybrid anion exchange membranes with self‐assembled ionic channels
Authors: Liang Na , Tu Yufei , Xu Jing , Chen Dongzhi , Zhang Hongwei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA novel strategy for fabricating nanocomposite anion exchange membranes (AEM), which can construct self‐assembled ionic channels via in situ Menshutkin reaction, is proposed. The TEM image of a nanocomposite AEM based on chloromethylated polysulfone (CMPSF) and functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) confirms the existence of core‐shell clusters. The ionic conductivity of these nanocomposite AEMs shows a notable increase when the content of functionalized POSS exceeds the percolation threshold. Furthermore, the optimized nanocomposite AEM has higher ionic conductivity than the control AEM with similar ion‐exchange capacity due to the well‐developed morphology.
Two cases of life‐threatening arrhythmia induced by risperidone: evaluation of risperidone and 9‐hydroxy‐risperidone concentrations
Authors: Ito Asami , Enokiya Tomoyuki , Kawamoto Eiji , Iwashita Yoshiaki , Takeda Taichi , Ikemura Kenji , Okuda Masahiro , Imai Hiroshi 
Published: April 2017

CasesCase 1: A 20‐year‐old woman suffering a suspected overdose was transported to the hospital. She presented bradycardia with wide QRS waves and QT prolongation, followed by cardiac arrest. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation was implemented, improving circulation. Risperidone and 9OH‐RIS levels were 9.6 ng/mL and 127.6 ng/mL, respectively. Case 2: A 54‐year‐old woman was hospitalized for femoral fracture and underwent surgery. Her electrocardiogram showed bradycardia and complete AV block. Risperidone and 9OH‐RIS levels were 3.2 ng/mL and 61.4 ng/mL, respectively.OutcomeIn both cases, only serum concentration of 90H‐RIS were elevated.ConclusionArrhythmia related to risperidone has proven rare but sometimes fatal. Serum concentrations of risperidone and the metabolite 9‐hydroxy‐risperidone (9OH‐RIS) during these events are seldom documented. As 9OH‐RIS shows pharmacological activity equivalent to risperidone, it may induce life‐threatening arrhythmia (regardless of the intake dosage). It is critical to evaluate the serum concentration of 9OH‐RIS in suspected risperidone toxicity.
Investigation of Japan Disaster Medical Assistance Team response guidelines assuming catastrophic damage from a Nankai Trough earthquake
Authors: Anan Hideaki , Kondo Hisayoshi , Akasaka Osamu , Oshiro Kenichi , Nakamura Mitsunobu , Kiyozumi Tetsuro , Yamada Norihiko , Homma Masato , Morino Kazuma , Nakayama Shinichi , Otomo Yasuhiro , Koido Yuichi 
Published: April 2017

AimTransporting critically ill patients outside of disaster‐affected areas for treatment is an important activity of Japan Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMATs). We investigated whether this activity is possible after possible catastrophic damage from a Nankai Trough earthquake.MethodsJapan was divided into three areas based on the level of predicted damage (definitely, possibly, and non‐affected areas). A survey of DMATs and the locations of emergency base hospitals and intensive care units (ICUs) in each area was carried out, and the ability to support disaster areas was investigated. Next, a survey of wide‐area medical transport by Self‐Defense Force aircraft and the medical transport abilities of helicopter ambulances was carried out. The numbers of ICU beds in each area were compared, and the capacity to accept patients was investigated. Finally, subjects for further study were examined.ResultsThe number of DMATs that could be sent from non‐affected areas was insufficient. The number of patients that can be transported by Self‐Defense Force aircraft and helicopter ambulance during the first 3 days was determined to be 1,443. The number of patients that can be accepted by ICUs in non‐affected areas was insufficient. A system needs to be developed to provide medical treatment for critically ill patients within disaster areas during the acute phase. This will require DMAT operational reforms and the creation of logistics systems such as the supply of resources for earthquake‐reinforced hospitals.ConclusionIn addition to patient transport, systems to provide medical care inside disaster‐affected areas are needed.
(L)2C2P2: Dicarbondiphosphide Stabilized by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes or Cyclic Diamido Carbenes
Authors: Li Zhongshu , Chen Xiaodan , Andrada Diego M. , Frenking Gernot , Benkö Zoltán , Li Yaqi , Harmer Jeffrey R. , Su Cheng‐Yong , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCarbon phosphides, CnPm, may have highly promising electronic, optical, and mechanical properties, but they are experimentally almost unexplored materials. Phosphaheteroallenes stabilized by N‐heterocyclic carbenes undergo a one‐electron reduction to yield compounds of the type (L)2C2P2with diverse structures. The use of imidazolylidenes as ligands L give complexes with a central four‐membered ring C2P2, while more electrophilic cyclic diamidocarbenes (DAC) give a compound with an acyclic π‐conjugated CP−PC unit. Cyclic C2P2compounds are best described as non‐Kekulé molecules that are stabilized by coordination to the NHC ligands NHC→(C2P2)←NHC. These species can be easily oxidized to give stable radical cations [(NHC)2C2P2]+.. The remarkably stable molecules with an acylic C2P2core are best described with electron‐sharing bonds (DAC)=C=P−P=C=(DAC).
Enantioselektive Synthese von Robinson‐Anellierungsprodukten und Michael‐Addukten als Vorstufen
Authors: Gallier Florian , Martel Arnaud , Dujardin Gilles 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDie Robinson‐Anellierung hat seit ihrer Entdeckung 1935 in zahlreichen Synthesen Anwendung gefunden, besonders auf dem Gebiet der Steroidsynthese. Die Produkte werden gewöhnlich nach drei aufeinanderfolgenden Stufen erhalten: der Bildung eines Enolats (oder Derivats davon), einer konjugierten Addition und einer Aldolreaktion. Im Laufe der Jahre wurden mehrere methodische Verbesserungen für jede einzelne Stufe vorgenommen oder alternative Synthesewege hin zu Robinson‐Anellierungsprodukten entwickelt. Im ersten Teil dieses Aufsatzes werden die wichtigsten Entwicklungen für die Bildung Monocarbonyl‐abgeleiteter Robinson‐Anellierungsprodukte (MRA‐Produkten, MRAPs) und von einer aktivierten Monocarbonylverbindung abgeleiteter Robinson‐Anellierungsprodukte (AMRA‐Produkten, AMRAPs) erläutert. In den folgenden Abschnitten werden diastereoselektive und enantioselektive Synthesen dieser Produkte beschrieben, und im letzten Abschnitt wird die Racematspaltung von Enantiomerenmischungen dargelegt.
Ammonia Oxide as a Building Block for High‐Performance and Insensitive Energetic Materials
Authors: Tang Yongxing , Mitchell Lauren A. , Imler Gregory H. , Parrish Damon A. , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract3,5‐Dinitrimino‐1,2,4‐triazole (2) with three protons has the potential of deprotonation to form energetic salts. Neutralization of 2 with 50 % hydroxylamine in varying molar ratios leads to the formation of the corresponding mono/dihydroxylammonium energetic salts. Additionally compound 5, an ammonia oxide adduct of dihydroxylammonium 3,5‐dinitramino‐1,2,4‐triazolate, was prepared when excess hydroxylamine was used. The structures of 3–5 are supported by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The energetic properties of the new materials are competitive. Utilization of ammonia oxide adducts in hydroxylammonium energetic salts could lead to future practical applications as energetic materials.
(L)2C2P2: Dicarbondiphosphide Stabilized by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes or Cyclic Diamido Carbenes
Authors: Li Zhongshu , Chen Xiaodan , Andrada Diego M. , Frenking Gernot , Benkö Zoltán , Li Yaqi , Harmer Jeffrey R. , Su Cheng‐Yong , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCarbon phosphides, CnPm, may have highly promising electronic, optical, and mechanical properties, but they are experimentally almost unexplored materials. Phosphaheteroallenes stabilized by N‐heterocyclic carbenes undergo a one‐electron reduction to yield compounds of the type (L)2C2P2 with diverse structures. The use of imidazolylidenes as ligands L give complexes with a central four‐membered ring C2P2, while more electrophilic cyclic diamidocarbenes (DAC) give a compound with an acyclic π‐conjugated CP−PC unit. Cyclic C2P2 compounds are best described as non‐Kekulé molecules that are stabilized by coordination to the NHC ligands NHC→(C2P2)←NHC. These species can be easily oxidized to give stable radical cations [(NHC)2C2P2]+.. The remarkably stable molecules with an acylic C2P2 core are best described with electron‐sharing bonds (DAC)=C=P−P=C=(DAC).