bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do I want to pay to download movies
Authors: Ryu Sunghan , Park Byungho 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand the nature and characteristics of legal movie download services and to explore the factors that influence user acceptance of the services.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors analyzed the three aspects (i.e. hedonic information systems, ethical and legal consideration and user characteristics) of legal movie download services and empirically examined how they affect the potential users’ behavioral intent to adopt the services based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA). An online survey of 142 respondents about a real legal movie download services, currently operated by a major online service provider, was conducted.

Findings
Perceived playfulness and perceived usefulness had statistically significant effects on attitude. The relationships between subjective norms and its influencers are validated for moral judgment as well as risk aversion. The influence of price consciousness and past experience on behavioral intent to adopt the service are both supported. In the TRA model, attitude and subjective norms had statistically significant influence on behavioral intent to adopt the services.

Originality/value
The authors contribute to extending the literature on online pirating behavior from the different perspective, i.e. adoption of new legal alternatives. The study shows that the specific boundary conditions, i.e. hedonic attribute of information systems and existence of illegal alternatives, would generate the different results from the theories and previous literature.
A hybrid PCA-AHP-Multi-grade Fuzzy approach to assess marketing-based flexibility
Authors: Mishra Ruchi , Mishra Onkar Nath 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel hybrid approach to assess marketing-based flexibility with respect to its source factors, enablers and attributes.

Design/methodology/approach
The study demonstrates an application of a hybrid principal component analysis (PCA)-analytical hierarchical process (AHP)-multi-grade fuzzy approach (MFA) to measure marketing-based flexibility. Using PCA method, attributes, enablers and source factors of marketing-based flexibility were identified and a conceptual model was developed. AHP and MFA were used to compute marketing-based flexibility index.

Findings
The proposed approach measures existing level of marketing-based flexibility and therefore it identifies weak areas that should be taken care to improve flexibility.

Research limitations/implications
The scope of the study is limited to plant level. The validity of the proposed approach is shown using a case study. For generalisation point of view, the application of this proposed approach should be investigated in a large number of firms in different industrial settings.

Practical implications
The study gives a reliable and valid method, which combines both statistical and MCDM techniques to measure existing level of flexibility and identify weak areas for flexibility improvement.

Originality/value
The findings provide insight into factors that should be worked upon to improve flexibility.
Oak habitat recovery on California's largest islands: Scenarios for the role of corvid seed dispersal
Authors: Pesendorfer Mario B. , Baker Christopher M. , Stringer Martin , McDonald‐Madden Eve , Bode Michael , McEachern A. Kathryn , Morrison Scott A. , Sillett T. Scott 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Seed dispersal by birds is central to the passive restoration of many tree communities. Reintroduction of extinct seed dispersers can therefore restore degraded forests and woodlands. To test this, we constructed a spatially explicit simulation model, parameterized with field data, to consider the effect of different seed dispersal scenarios on the extent of oak populations. We applied the model to two islands in California's Channel Islands National Park (USA), one of which has lost a key seed disperser.

We used an ensemble modelling approach to simulate island scrub oak (Quercus pacifica) demography. The model was developed and trained to recreate known population changes over a 20‐year period on 250‐km2 Santa Cruz Island, and incorporated acorn dispersal by island scrub‐jays (Aphelocoma insularis), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and gravity, as well as seed predation. We applied the trained model to 215‐km2 Santa Rosa Island to examine how reintroducing island scrub‐jays would affect the rate and pattern of oak population expansion. Oak habitat on Santa Rosa Island has been greatly reduced from its historical extent due to past grazing by introduced ungulates, the last of which were removed by 2011.

Our simulation model predicts that a seed dispersal scenario including island scrub‐jays would increase the extent of the island scrub oak population on Santa Rosa Island by 281% over 100 years, and by 544% over 200 years. Scenarios without jays would result in little expansion. Simulated long‐distance seed dispersal by jays also facilitates establishment of discontinuous patches of oaks, and increases their elevational distribution.

Synthesis and applications. Scenario planning provides powerful decision support for conservation managers. We used ensemble modelling of plant demographic and seed dispersal processes to investigate whether the reintroduction of seed dispersers could provide cost‐effective means of achieving broader ecosystem restoration goals on California's second‐largest island. The simulation model, extensively parameterized with field data, suggests that re‐establishing the mutualism with seed‐hoarding jays would accelerate the expansion of island scrub oak, which could benefit myriad species of conservation concern.
Do time of birth, unit volume, and staff seniority affect neonatal outcome in deliveries at ≥34+0 weeks of gestation?
Authors: Reif P , Pichler G , Griesbacher A , Lehner G , Schöll W , Lang U , Hofmann H , Ulrich D 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveWe investigated whether time of birth, unit volume, and staff seniority affect neonatal outcome in neonates born at ≥34+0 weeks of gestation.DesignPopulation‐based prospective cohort study.SettingTen public hospitals in the Austrian province of Styria.SampleA total of 87 065 neonates delivered in the period 2004–2015.MethodsBased on short‐term outcome data, generalised linear mixed models were used to calculate the risk for adverse and severely adverse neonatal outcomes according to time of birth, unit volume, and staff seniority.Main outcome measuresNeonatal composite adverse and severely adverse outcome measures.ResultsThe odds ratio for severely adverse events during the night‐time (22:01–07:29 hours) compared with the daytime (07:30–15:00 hours) was 1.35 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.13–1.61). There were no significant differences in neonatal outcome comparing weekdays and weekends, and comparing office hours and shifts. Units with 500–1000 deliveries per year had the lowest risk for adverse events. Adverse and severely adverse neonatal outcomes were least common for midwife‐guided deliveries, and became more frequent with the level of experience of the doctors attending the delivery. With increasing pregnancy risks, senior staff attending delivery and delivering in a tertiary centre reduce the odds ratio for adverse events.ConclusionsDifferent times of delivery were associated with increased adverse neonatal outcomes. The management of uncomplicated deliveries by less experienced staff showed no negative impact on perinatal outcome. In contrast, riskier pregnancies delivered by senior staff in a tertiary centre favour a better outcome. Achieving a better balance in the total number of labour ward staff during the day and the night appears to be a greater priority than increasing the continuous presence of senior obstetrical staff on the labour ward during the out‐of‐hours period.Tweetable abstractDeliveries during night time lead to a greater number of neonates experiencing severely adverse events.
Subsequent reproductive outcome among women with peripartum cardiomyopathy: a nationwide study
Authors: Guldbrandt Hauge M , Johansen M , Vejlstrup N , Gustafsson F , Damm P , Ersbøll AS 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo describe the subsequent reproductive outcome for a Danish nationwide cohort of women with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM).DesignNationwide historic cohort study.SettingSecondary and tertiary centres across Denmark.SampleWomen with PPCM.MethodsSixty‐one women with PPCM during 2005–2014 were identified in a nationwide, registry‐based study and the diagnosis was validated through audit of patient records. A new search for subsequent reproductive outcome in this cohort from 2005–2016 was conducted in the Danish National Birth Registry and the Danish National Patient Registry. Detailed clinical data were obtained from patient records.Main outcome measuresSterilisations and subsequent reproductive outcomes after PPCM, including all pregnancies, miscarriages, terminations and deliveries.ResultsOf 61 women with PPCM, 13 (21%) had a total of 16 subsequent pregnancies resulting in one miscarriage, seven early terminations, one ectopic pregnancy and seven liveborn children. There were no maternal deaths or significant cardiac events during pregnancy, but one woman, who gave birth to a liveborn child, had a relapse of PPCM 7 weeks postpartum. None of the six women who had a first trimester termination, experienced relapse of PPCM. Of the 13 women with a subsequent pregnancy, 62% had prior to this been advised against a new pregnancy due to the risk of recurrent PPCM. A total of four women (6.6%) were sterilised.ConclusionPeripartum cardiomyopathy affects women's reproduction with few subsequent pregnancies resulting in a liveborn child. The finding of a 1/7 relapse among women with recovered LVEF is in accordance with most previous studies.Tweetable abstractOutcome in pregnancies after peripartum cardiomyopathy: results from the first nationwide study.
Continuous traits and speciation rates: Alternatives to state‐dependent diversification models
Authors: Harvey Michael G. , Rabosky Daniel L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Many quantitative traits, for example body size, have been hypothesized to influence the diversification dynamics of lineages over macroevolutionary time‐scales. The Quantitative State Speciation‐Extinction (QuaSSE) model and related methods provide an elegant framework for jointly modelling the relationship between change in continuous traits and diversification. However, model misspecification and phylogenetic pseudoreplication can result in elevated false discovery rates in this and other state‐dependent speciation‐extinction models.

Here, we evaluate alternative trait‐dependent diversification methods that do not formally model the relationship between traits and diversification, but instead test for correlations between summary statistics of phylogenetic branching patterns and trait variation at the tips of a phylogenetic tree (hereafter tip‐rate correlations or TRCs). We compare alternative branching pattern statistics and significance tests, and we evaluate their performance relative to QuaSSE under a range of evolutionary scenarios.

We found that a simple statistic derived from branch lengths (inverse equal splits) can detect trait‐associated rate variation, and that a simulation‐based method performs better than phylogenetic generalized least squares for testing the significance of trait‐rate correlations. This test (ES‐sim) had better power to detect trait‐dependent diversification than other TRCs. By testing the approach across a diverse set of simulation scenarios, we found that ES‐sim is similar to QuaSSE in statistical power. However, the approach rarely led to false inferences of trait‐dependent diversification, even under conditions that are problematic for formal state‐dependent models. We illustrate the application of ES‐sim to real data by re‐assessing the relationship between dispersal ability and diversification in Furnariid birds.

We conclude that simple, semi‐parametric tests like ES‐sim represent a promising approach for trait‐dependent diversification analyses in groups with heterogeneous diversification histories and provide a useful alternative or complement to formal state‐dependent speciation‐extinction models.
Development and internal validation of the Simplified Mortality Score for the Intensive Care Unit (SMS‐ICU)
Authors: Granholm A. , Perner A. , Krag M. , Hjortrup P. B. , Haase N. , Holst L. B. , Marker S. , Collet M. O. , Jensen A. K. G. , Møller M. H. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundIntensive care unit (ICU) mortality prediction scores deteriorate over time, and their complexity decreases clinical applicability and commonly causes problems with missing data. We aimed to develop and internally validate a new and simple score that predicts 90‐day mortality in adults upon acute admission to the ICU: the Simplified Mortality Score for the Intensive Care Unit (SMS‐ICU).MethodsWe used data from an international cohort of 2139 patients acutely admitted to the ICU and 1947 ICU patients with severe sepsis/septic shock from 2009 to 2016. We performed multiple imputations for missing data and used binary logistic regression analysis with variable selection by backward elimination, followed by conversion to a simple point‐based score. We assessed the apparent performance and validated the score internally using bootstrapping to present optimism‐corrected performance estimates.ResultsThe SMS‐ICU comprises seven variables available in 99.5% of the patients: two numeric variables: age and lowest systolic blood pressure, and five dichotomous variables: haematologic malignancy/metastatic cancer, acute surgical admission and use of vasopressors/inotropes, respiratory support and renal replacement therapy. Discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.71–0.74), overall performance (Nagelkerke's R2) was 0.19 and calibration (intercept and slope) was 0.00 and 0.99, respectively. Optimism‐corrected performance was similar to apparent performance.ConclusionsThe SMS‐ICU predicted 90‐day mortality with reasonable and stable performance. If performance remains adequate after external validation, the SMS‐ICU could prove a valuable tool for ICU clinicians and researchers because of its simplicity and expected very low number of missing values.
A comparison of DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 PTSD prevalence, comorbidity and disability: an analysis of the Ukrainian Internally Displaced Person's Mental Health Survey
Authors: Shevlin M. , Hyland P. , Vallières F. , Bisson J. , Makhashvili N. , Javakhishvili J. , Shpiker M. , Roberts B. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveRecently, the American Psychiatric Association (DSM‐5) and the World Health Organization (ICD‐11) have both revised their formulation of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The primary aim of this study was to compare DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 PTSD prevalence and comorbidity rates, as well as the level of disability associated with each diagnosis.MethodThis study was based on a representative sample of adult Ukrainian internally displaced persons (IDPs: N = 2203). Post‐traumatic stress disorder prevalence was assessed using the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 and the International Trauma Questionnaire (ICD‐11). Anxiety and depression were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire‐Depression. Disability was measured using the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0.ResultsThe prevalence of DSM‐5 PTSD (27.4%) was significantly higher than ICD‐11 PTSD (21.0%), and PTSD rates for females were significantly higher using both criteria. ICD‐11 PTSD was associated with significantly higher levels of disability and comorbidity.ConclusionThe ICD‐11 diagnosis of PTSD appears to be particularly well suited to identifying those with clinically relevant levels of disability.
Effectiveness of the Natura 2000 network in protecting Iberian endemic fauna
Authors: Rosso A. , Aragón P. , Acevedo F. , Doadrio I. , García‐Barros E. , Lobo J. M. , Munguira M. L. , Monserrat V. J. , Palomo J. , Pleguezuelos J. M. , Romo H. , Triviño V. , Sánchez‐Fernández D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Iberian Peninsula is a major European region of biodiversity, as it harbours more than 30% of European endemic species. Despite a number of studies having evaluated the ability of nature reserves to protect certain taxa, there is still a lack of knowledge on how Iberian endemic fauna are represented in these reserves. We detected biodiversity hotspots of Iberian endemicity and evaluated the effectiveness of the Natura 2000 network (N2000) in representing 249 endemic species from eight animal taxonomic groups (amphibians, mammals, freshwater fishes, reptiles, water beetles, butterflies, lacewings and dung beetles). We found that only the 10% of these Iberian endemic species are considered species of community interest (i.e. species included in the Annexes of the Habitats Directive). We conducted gap analyses and null models of representativeness in N2000. Generally, N2000 is effective in its representation of Iberian endemic fauna, although we detected species and few hotspots of endemism that were still not represented. It is necessary to declare a few new protected areas, thus enhancing N2000's effectiveness in the conservation of the Iberian endemic fauna. Although the aim of N2000 is to protect species listed in the Birds and Habitats Directives, the conservation status of endemic species from one of the most important areas of Europe in terms of biodiversity, could be also a concern for the European Union. Our results are useful in the context of the recent European Commission mandate calling for a ‘fitness check’ of the Birds and Habitats Directives. This approach could be also applicable to other regions with high value of endemicity.
Radiography of the distal extremity of the manus in the donkey foal: Normal images and quantitative characterization from birth to 2 years of age: A pilot study
Authors: Van Thielen B. , Willekens I. , Van der Schicht A. , Pestieau P. , Verhelle F. , Goossens P. , Decoster R. , Jacqmot O. , Delperdange P. , Busoni V. , De Mol G. , Buls N. , Provyn S. , Kichouh M. , de Mey J. , Murray R. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis study describes a radiographic survey of the anatomical development of the distal extremity of the manus in the donkey from 0 to 2 years of age. The right distal limb of 10 donkey foals, born in the spring of 2012, underwent radiographs every month for the first 6 months of age and every 3 months during the following 18 months. Latero‐medial radiographs with and without barium marker at the coronary band and dorso‐palmar radiographs with both front feet in weight bearing were obtained. The distal physis of the third metacarpal bone and the proximal physis of the proximal phalanx (phalanx proximalis) were closed at the mean age of 18.6 months. The distal physis of the proximal phalanx appeared as a clear radiolucent line at 2 weeks of age and was still subtly visible in some donkeys at 24 months. The proximal physis of the middle phalanx (phalanx media) was closed at the mean age of 16.7 months. The distal physis of this phalanx was visible at birth, but closed at 4 days. The distal phalanx (phalanx distalis) was triangular at birth. At the age of 20–21 months, the palmar processes (processus palmares) were both developed. The navicular bone (os sesamoideum distalis) was developed at the mean age of 9 months. The proximal sesamoid bones (ossa sesamoidea proximalia) were seen in continuously development during the 24 months. It seems that the physes in the distal extremity of the manus in the donkey close at an older age than the physes in the horse.
Does mean arterial blood pressure scale with body mass in mammals? Effects of measurement of blood pressure
Authors: Poulsen C. B. , Wang T. , Assersen K. , Iversen N. K. , Damkjær M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFor at least the last 30 years, it has been discussed whether mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) is independent of body mass or whether it increases in accordance with the vertical height between the heart and the brain. The debate has centred on the most appropriate mathematical models for analysing allometric scaling and phylogenetic relationships; there has been previously little focus on evaluating the validity of underlying physiological data. Currently, the 2 most comprehensive scaling analyses are based on data from 47 species of mammals, based on 114 references. We reviewed all available references to determine under which physiological conditions MAP had been recorded. In 44 (38.6%) of the cited references, MAP was measured in anaesthetized animals. Data from conscious animals were reported in 59 (51.8%) of references; of these, 3 (2.6%) were radiotelemetric studies. In 5 species, data were reported from both anaesthetized and conscious animals, and the mean difference in the MAP between these settings was 20 ± 29 mm Hg. From a literature search, we identified MAP measurements performed by radiotelemetry in 11 of the 47 species included in the meta‐analyses. A Bland‐Altman analysis showed a bias of 1 mm Hg with 95% confidence interval (from −35 to 36 mm Hg); that is, the limits of agreement between radiotelemetric studies and studies in restrained animals were double the supposed difference in the MAP between the mouse and elephant. In conclusion, the existing literature does not provide evidence for either a positive or neutral scaling of arterial pressure to body mass across taxa.
Regional gastrointestinal contractility parameters using the wireless motility capsule: inter‐observer reproducibility and influence of age, gender and study country
Authors: Farmer A. D. , Wegeberg A.‐M. L. , Brock B. , Hobson A. R. , Mohammed S. D. , Scott S. M. , Bruckner‐Holt C. E. , Semler J. R. , Hasler W. L. , Hellström P. M. , Drewes A. M. , Brock C. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe wireless motility capsule concurrently measures temperature, pH and pressure as it traverses the gastrointestinal tract.AimsTo describe normative values for motility/contractility parameters across age, gender and testing centres.MethodsHealthy participants underwent a standardised wireless motility capsule assessment following an overnight fast and consumption of a meal of known nutritional content. Traces were divided into regions of interest and analysed using 2 software packages (MotiliGI and GIMS Data Viewer). Inter‐observer agreement was independently assessed by 2 investigators.ResultsNormative data for motility/contractility parameters (maximum amplitude, mean peak amplitude, contraction frequency and motility index) are presented for 107 individuals (62 male, median age 40 years, range 18‐78). MotiliGI‐Gastric, small bowel and colonic maximal contraction amplitude correlated with age (r = .24, P = .01; r = .22, P = .02; and r = .2, P = .04 respectively). Small bowel motility index was higher in females than males (150.4 ± 12 vs 122 ± 7.6, P = .04). Inter‐observer agreement was excellent for transit times, pH and contractility/motility parameters. GIMS Data viewer‐Gastric, small bowel and colonic loge motility index correlated with the respective area under the contraction curve, total contractions, sum of amplitudes and contraction frequency (all r>.35, P < .0003) but not with transit times.ConclusionsOur analysis provides normative data for motility/contractility parameters. Log motility index summarises a number of measures. In future, the measurement of contractile activity with the wireless motility capsule may potentially aid in the diagnosis of disease states such as visceral myopathic disorders.