bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toughening of polylactide via in situ formation of polyurethane crosslinked elastomer during reactive blending
Authors: Zhao Xipo , Ding Zheng , Lin Qiang , Peng Shaoxian , Fang Pengfei 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTPolylactide (PLA)/polyurethane (PU) composites were prepared by reactive blending method with in situ formation of PU particles via the reaction between polyester polyol (PPG) and toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI). The interfacial compatibility and adhesion between the PLA and PU phases were greatly improved by the reaction of the terminal hydroxyl groups of PLA and NCO groups of TDI forming graft copolymer, as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The elongation at break and notch impact strength of PLA/PU composites increased considerably with increasing PU content, and the tensile strength of PLA/PU composites decreased slightly compared with that of pure PLA. Upon addition of 12 wt % PU, the elongation at break and notch impact strength increased to 175.17% and 10.96 kJ/m2, respectively, about 27 times and 5.4 times greater than the corresponding values for the pure PLA. The tensile strength decreased only slightly to 48.65 MPa. The excellent interfacial adhesion, the dispersed PU elastomeric particles acting as stress concentration areas, and the triggering of large matrix shear yield as well as many fibrils by internal cavitation were the main mechanical toughening mechanisms. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44383.
Preparation and properties of fluorinated oligomer with tertiary amine structure in the UV curable coatings
Authors: Wu Jianbing , Zhang Ruofei , Ma Guozhang , Hou Caiying , Zhang Hui 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTA novel fluorinated oligomer with tertiary amine structure was synthesized by isophorone diisocyanate, 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate, and fluorinated diol, which was prepared via Michael addition reaction between diethanolamine and dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate. The structure of fluorinated oligomer was confirmed by FTIR. The prepared fluorinated oligomer was added into the UV curable coatings, the influences of fluorinated oligomer on the cured degree and double bond conversion was analyzed by FTIR and gel content. The conversion ratio is increased when the fluorinated oligomer increased, which is due to the tertiary amine structure in the prepared product. The characteristics of UV cured films such as thermal properties, hydrophobicity, chemical resistance, mechanical properties, and hardness were characterized with the TGA, contact angle, and DMA. Results show that thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and chemical resistance are improved when fluorinated oligomer is introduced into the UV curable coatings. The DMA and hardness results indicated that the mechanical properties of UV cured films were improved and the flexibility decreased. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44387.
CO2‐switchable polymeric vesicle‐network structure transition induced by a hairpin‐line molecular configuration conversion
Authors: Jing Xianwu , Lu Hongsheng , Wang Baogang , Huang Zhiyu 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTA triblock copolymer, containing a polyethylene glycol (PEG) block and two symmetrical poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDM) blocks, was synthesized by using PEG‐based macroinitiator with copper‐mediated living radical polymerization. The conductivity tests showed that the copolymer exhibited switchable responsiveness to CO2, i.e., a relatively high conductivity of solution can be switched on and off by bubbling and removing of CO2. According to the nuclear magnetic resonance results, the CO2‐switchable conductivity variation could be attributed to protonation and deprotonation of tertiary amine groups in PDM blocks. Moreover, at a proper weight concentration 0.5%, the copolymer aqueous solution displayed a CO2‐switchable viscosity variation. Scanning electron microscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering characterization jointly demonstrated that the viscosity variation was the result of a CO2‐switchable vesicle‐network aggregate structure transition. This structure transition can actually be attributed to a hairpin‐line molecular configuration conversion in terms of the reasonable mechanism discussion. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44417.
Flexible patch‐type hydrochromic polydiacetylene sensor for human sweat pore mapping
Authors: Seo Minjeong , Park Dong‐Hoon , Park Bum Jun , Kim Jong‐Man 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTOwing to their stimulus‐responsive colorimetric property, polydiacetylenes (PDAs) have been extensively investigated in the context of sensor applications. Incorporation of PDAs in matrix polymers can be utilized to add additional advantageous features into these sensors, like processability, mechanical flexibility, and mass production capability. In the current investigation, a new type of hydrochromic PDA sensor, which consists of a polydiacetylene‐polyethylene oxide (PDA‐PEO) composite film, was developed. The results of the study demonstrate that the hydrochromic film, which displays a blue‐to‐red color transition upon hydration, can be used to map human sweat secreting pores. The hygroscopic PEO component of the system enables local sweat to penetrate into the sensor film. The highly π‐conjugated, imidazolium group containing PDA in the system functions as the hydrochromic material, which undergoes a blue‐to‐red transition and a corresponding fluorescence turn‐on in response to contact with a nanoliter of sweat. In response to deposition of a fingerprint, water arising from individual sweat secreting pores promotes a change that leads to formation of a discrete fluorescence microdot pattern. The most important feature of the new sensor film is mechanical flexibility that gives it with the ability to be utilized to map sweat pores located on highly curved skin surfaces, such as those found on palms, soles, backs, and faces. Accordingly, this attribute offers critical advantages in cosmetics and biomedical applications because it enables recognition of active and inactive sweat pores on curved skin surfaces where rigid or paper‐type sweat pore sensors are ineffective. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44419.
Simultaneous removal of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn from synthetic solutions on a hemp‐based felt: Experimental design
Authors: Loiacono Sonia , Morin‐Crini Nadia , Cosentino Cesare , Torri Giangiacomo , Chanet Gilles , Winterton Peter , Crini Grégorio 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe potential of using a hemp‐based material in felt form as an adsorbent for removing the metals from aqueous mixtures of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn is investigated in the present study using batch experiments at an initial pH between 4.9 and 5.2. The operating variables studied were initial metal concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, agitation speed, temperature, presence of NaCl, and pH. Experiments showed that this nonconventional adsorbent exhibited interesting capacities: 1 g of hemp was able to remove 7.4 mg of metals at a concentration of 25 mg/L for each metal present in 100 mL of solution. Kinetic results showed that the process was uniform and rapid: adsorption of metals reached equilibrium in 10 min. The adsorption capacities were almost independent of temperature between 25 and 50 °C and pH between 4 and 6, but dependent on the presence of electrolytes such as NaCl. Interesting results were also obtained for real polymetallic effluents. All these findings are significant for the future development of hemp‐based materials for use as bag filters for metal removal from industrial effluents. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44422.
Adsorption of hydrophilic and hydrophobic pharmaceuticals on RO/NF membranes: Identification of interactions using FTIR
Authors: Dolar Davor , Drašinac Nina , Košutić Krešimir , Škorić Irena , Ašperger Danijela 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThis article examines the adsorption of pharmaceuticals on reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The membranes were characterized in terms of Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectra, surface charge, hydrophobicity, pore size distribution, and roughness. Five pharmaceuticals were used to determine their rejection and possible interactions with the membranes. Albendazole, a hydrophobic pharmaceutical, adsorbed on the NF (NF270) and RO (XLE) membranes. FTIR spectra showed significant changes (new peaks/bonds) on the membranes, confirming that adsorption plays an important role in the overall mechanism of rejection in the case of hydrophobic compounds. Hydrophilic pharmaceuticals (sulfaguanidine, trimethoprim, hydrocortisone, and procaine) did not adsorb on the XLE membrane, showing that size exclusion and electrostatic repulsion were both dominant removal mechanisms. This article gives new insights into NF membranes in the treatment of hydrophilic compounds. The results clearly show the adsorption of hydrophilic compounds on the NF membranes since H‐bonds and π–π interactions were observed on their FTIR spectra. Therefore, both the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic adsorption have to be taken into account when considering the removal mechanism, especially in the case of NF membranes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44426.
A distributed cellulosic biorefinery system in the US Midwest based on corn stover
Authors: Kim Seungdo , Dale Bruce E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCorn stover supply chains in a distributed biorefinery system are explored. The distributed cellulosic biorefinery uses pre‐processed and densified cellulosic feedstock from a geographically separated facility (a depot) as raw material. A network of small‐scale depot facilities supplies pre‐processed feedstock to a distributed biorefinery. Depot facilities are assumed to be located at existing grain elevators, while distributed biorefineries are located adjacent to coal‐fired power plants in areas with high gasoline consumption (urban areas) in the Midwest. The county level corn stover projections in 2022 by the US Billion‐Ton Update report (2011) are used to estimate ethanol selling price and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the ethanol fuel. The supply chain for each distributed biorefinery is determined by minimizing the ethanol selling price. Approximately ten distributed biorefineries based on corn stover could be established in the Midwest. Over 700 individual depot facilities participate in supplying the distributed biorefinery systems which collectively can produce greater than 12 hm3 of ethanol (3.3 billion gallons) per year. Ethanol selling price in the distributed system ranges from US$0.66 to US$1.03 per liter. Some distributed biorefineries are economically competitive with a centralized biorefinery. However, not every region can support a distributed biorefinery system due to inadequate corn stover availability. Cradle‐to‐gate GHG emissions of ethanol in the distributed systems are 22.1–46.6 g CO2 per MJ. The external energy consumption in the depot facilities is the major GHG source. Optimizing process energy use in the depot facility is required to reduce both operation costs and GHG emissions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Spliced analogues of trypsin inhibitor SFTI‐1 and their application for tracing proteolysis and delivery of cargos inside the cells
Authors: Filipowicz Magdalena , Ptaszyńska Natalia , Olkiewicz Katarzyna , Dębowski Dawid , Ćwikłowska Kamila , Burster Timo , Pikuła Michał , Krzystyniak Adam , Łęgowska Anna , Rolka Krzysztof 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA series of analogues of trypsin inhibitor SFTI‐1 were designed and synthesized to monitor peptide splicing. In the middle part of the SFTI‐1 analogues, which is released upon incubation with proteinase, the RGD sequence or an acceptor of fluorescence for FRET was introduced. The results of studies with trypsin confirmed that the designed analogues underwent peptide splicing. Furthermore, we showed that a FRET displaying SFTI‐1 analogue was internalized into the HaCaT keratinocytes, where it was degraded. Therefore, both proteolysis and the reduction of the disulfide bridge of the peptide took place. As a result, such analogues are a convenient tool to trace the proteolytic activity inside the cell. However, the cytotoxicity of SFTI‐1 analogues grafted with the RGD sequence did not correlate with their susceptibility to peptide splicing. Nevertheless, these peptides were slightly more active than the reference peptide (GRGDNP). Interestingly, one of the analogues assigned as [desSer6]VI, under experimental conditions, appeared significantly more cytotoxic towards cancer cells U87‐MG in contrast to the reference peptide.
Copper‐Modified Gold Nanoparticles as Highly Selective Catalysts for Glycerol Electro‐Oxidation in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Thia Larissa , Xie Mingshi , Liu Zhaolin , Ge Xiaoming , Lu Yizhong , Fong Wenmei Eileen , Wang Xin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe C3 selectivity of carbon‐supported Au nanoparticles for glycerol electro‐oxidation was significantly enhanced by the interaction of Au with electro‐deposited Cu species. Notably, the C3 selectivity of supported Au nanoparticles doubled after 90 min of Cu electro‐deposition at +0.015 V. This result was obtained if glycerol electro‐oxidation was performed at +0.1 V for 2 h. The most selective catalysts contained an Au+ species that was generated by an interaction between Au and electro‐deposited Cu2O. The presence of Au+ increased the selectivity to glycerate and tartronate and suppressed C−C bond cleavage to glycolate and formate simultaneously.
Surfactant‐Free Palladium Nanoparticles Encapsulated in ZIF‐8 Hollow Nanospheres for Size‐Selective Catalysis in Liquid‐Phase Solution
Authors: Wang Xiaoshi , Li Mingyu , Cao Changyan , Liu Chang , Liu Jian , Zhu Yanan , Zhang Sidi , Song Weiguo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEncapsulation of surfactant‐free Pd nanoparticles (NPs) in the metal–organic framework material ZIF‐8 hollow nanospheres was achieved. Pd@ZIF‐8 hollow nanospheres showed excellent size‐selective catalytic properties in the liquid‐phase hydrogenation of olefins. As a result of the uniform pore size of the ZIF‐8 shell (apertures of 3.4 Å), the catalyst showed high activity for the hydrogenation of 1‐hexene (1.9×8.2 Å) but very low activity for larger molecules such as cis‐cyclooctene (5.3×5.5 Å), trans‐stilbene (4.2×11.3 Å), and triphenylethylene (9.1×9.2 Å). Other surfactant‐free noble‐metal nanoparticles could also be employed to produce NPs@MOFs for catalysis.
Facile Strategy to Fabricate Uniform Black TiO2 Nanothorns/Graphene/Black TiO2 Nanothorns Sandwichlike Nanosheets for Excellent Solar‐Driven Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Zhang Xiangcheng , Wang Jianan , Hu Weiyao , Zhang Kaifu , Sun Bojing , Tian Guohui , Jiang Baojiang , Pan Kai , Zhou Wei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUniform black TiO2 nanothorns/graphene/black TiO2 nanothorns sandwichlike nanosheets (denoted as G@BTN) are fabricated through facile solvothermal approach and subsequent surface hydrogenation, in which the black TiO2 nanothorns vertically grow on the surface of two sides of graphene and form the sandwichlike structure. The rational control of hydrolysis and condensation of Ti precursors results in a uniform coating of amorphous TiO2 seeds, which then vertically grow in TiO2 nanothorns. After surface hydrogenation, the resultant G@BTN materials, with uniform sandwichlike configuration and narrow band gap of approximately 2.81 eV, can extend the photoresponse from the ultraviolet to the visible‐light region and exhibit an excellent solar‐driven photocatalytic performance for the degradation of the highly toxic pesticide atrazine (99 %). The first‐order rate constant (k) of G@BTN (0.863 h−1) is about three times as high as that of black TiO2 nanothorns (0.287 h−1), which implies the significant role of the introduction of graphene for improving the photocatalytic performance. The high solar‐driven photocatalytic performance is ascribed to the formed Ti3+ in frameworks and surface disorders enhancing the absorption of solar light, and the sandwichlike structure favoring the separation and transportation of photogenerated charge carriers.
Thermal Behavior of d‐Ribose Adsorbed on Silica: Effect of Inorganic Salt Coadsorption and Significance for Prebiotic Chemistry
Authors: Akouche Mariame , Jaber Maguy , Zins Emilie‐Laure , Maurel Marie‐Christine , Lambert Jean‐Francois , Georgelin Thomas 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUnderstanding ribose reactivity is a crucial step in the “RNA world” scenario because this molecule is a component of all extant nucleotides that make up RNA. In solution, ribose is unstable and susceptible to thermal destruction. We examined how ribose behaves upon thermal activation when adsorbed on silica, either alone or with the coadsorption of inorganic salts (MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, CuCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, ZnCl2). A combination of 13C NMR, in situ IR, and TGA analyses revealed a variety of phenomena. When adsorbed alone, ribose remains stable up to 150 °C, at which point ring opening is observed, together with minor oxidation to a lactone. All the metal salts studied showed specific interactions with ribose after dehydration, resulting in the formation of polydentate metal ion complexes. Anomeric equilibria were affected, generally favoring ribofuranoses. Zn2+ stabilized ribose up to higher temperatures than bare silica (180 to 200 °C). Most other cations had an adverse effect on ribose stability, with ring opening already upon drying at 70 °C. In addition, alkaline earth cations catalyzed the dehydration of ribose to furfural and, to variable degrees, its further decarbonylation to furan. Transition‐metal ions with open d‐shells took part in redox reactions with ribose, either as reagents or as catalysts. These results allow the likelihood of prebiotic chemistry scenarios to be evaluated, and may also be of interest for the valorization of biomass‐derived carbohydrates by heterogeneous catalysis.
Development of a Terpenoid Alkaloid‐like Compound Library Based on the Humulene Skeleton
Authors: Kikuchi Haruhisa , Nishimura Takehiro , Kwon Eunsang , Kawai Junya , Oshima Yoshiteru 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMany natural terpenoid alkaloid conjugates show biological activity because their structures contain both sp3‐rich terpenoid scaffolds and nitrogen‐containing alkaloid scaffolds. However, their biosynthesis utilizes a limited set of compounds as sources of the terpenoid moiety. The production of terpenoid alkaloids containing various types of terpenoid moiety may provide useful, chemically diverse compound libraries for drug discovery. Herein, we report the construction of a library of terpenoid alkaloid‐like compounds based on Lewis‐acid‐catalyzed transannulation of humulene diepoxide and subsequent sequential olefin metathesis. Cheminformatic analysis quantitatively showed that the synthesized terpenoid alkaloid‐like compound library has a high level of three‐dimensional‐shape diversity. Extensive pharmacological screening of the library has led to the identification of promising compounds for the development of antihypolipidemic drugs. Therefore, the synthesis of terpenoid alkaloid‐like compound libraries based on humulene is well suited to drug discovery. Synthesis of terpenoid alkaloid‐like compounds based on several natural terpenoids is an effective strategy for producing chemically diverse libraries.
The moderating effect of demographic characteristics on the relationship between strategic capabilities and firm performance in women‐owned entrepreneurial ventures in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Kimosop Joyce , Korir Michael , White Margaret 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study is motivated by the need to understand the determinants of performance in women‐owned enterprises. We examine the relationship between strategic capabilities and firm performance with demographic characteristics as moderators in women‐owned enterprises in Nairobi, Kenya. Results show that strategic capabilities have a significant effect on the overall performance. Further, IT capabilities and technological capabilities have a positive and significant relationship with performance. Only age has a negative and significant moderating effect. We recommend enhancement of technological capabilities among women entrepreneurs so that they can better direct their capabilities toward firm performance. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bubble formation regimes during gas injection into a liquid cross flow in a conduit
Authors: Balzán Miguel A. , Sanders R. Sean , Fleck Brian A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA study was performed to characterize the different bubble formation regimes that occur during the process of gas jet injection into a liquid cross flow in a conduit. Air was injected perpendicularly into a turbulent, fully developed water flow circulating through a 12.7 mm square channel. Three different gas injectors, with diameters of 0.27 mm, 0.52 mm, and 1.59 mm were used. The bulk water velocity values ranged between 1.1 and 4.3 m/s. The effects that the gas injection velocity, liquid mean velocity, and injection gas injection diameter have on the process of bubble generation were investigated. A high‐speed visualization technique was used to determine the regimes near the gas inlet region. Four distinct regimes were identified: Single Bubbling (SB), Pulse (P), Elongated Jetting (EJ), and Atomizing Jetting (AJ). It was observed that the shift between regimes occurs gradually, producing the need to identify transitional regions: SBP and PTJ. Sets of independent dimensionless variables were used to categorize the proposed regimes using bubble formation maps. It was determined that the injection diameter plays a primary role in jet formation: as the injection diameter increased, the observable number of regimes decreased, indicating a more stable and continuous process of bubble generation. Empirical correlations that delimit the boundaries between ordered and chaotic bubble generation are presented.
The Influence of Water Vapor on the Stability and Processing of Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells Made from Non‐Stoichiometric Precursor Mixtures
Authors: Petrus Michiel L. , Hu Yinghong , Moia Davide , Calado Philip , Leguy Aurélien M. A. , Barnes Piers R. F. , Docampo Pablo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe investigated the influence of moisture on methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPbI3) films and solar cells derived from non‐stoichiometric precursor mixtures. We followed both the structural changes under controlled air humidity through in situ X‐ray diffraction, and the electronic behavior of devices prepared from these films. A small PbI2 excess in the films improved the stability of the perovskite compared to stoichiometric samples. We assign this to excess PbI2 layers at the perovskite grain boundaries or to the termination of the perovskite crystals with Pb and I. In contrast, the MAI‐excess films composed of smaller perovskite crystals showed increased electronic disorder and reduced device performance owing to poor charge collection. Upon exposure to moisture followed by dehydration (so‐called solvent annealing), these films recrystallized to form larger, highly oriented crystals with fewer electronic defects and a remarkable improvement in photocurrent and photovoltaic efficiency.