bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β-Eudesmol, an oxygenized sesquiterpene, stimulates appetite via TRPA1 and the autonomic nervous system
Authors: Ohara Kazuaki , Fukuda Takafumi , Ishida Yuko , Takahashi Chika , Ohya Rena , Katayama Mikio , Uchida Kunitoshi , Tominaga Makoto , Nagai Katsuya 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTransient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a calcium-permeable non-selective cation channel, which is activated by various noxious or irritant substances in nature. TRPA1 activators have been generally recognized as noxious, however, foods and beverages containing TRPA1 activators are preferably consumed; the reasons for this discrepancy are not well understood. We demonstrate that TRPA1 is involved in the stimulatory appetite control mechanism. β-Eudesmol is an oxygenated sesquiterpene contained in medicinal or edible plants which activates TRPA1. Oral administration of β-eudesmol brought significant increments in food intake in rats and elevated plasma ghrelin levels. Gastric vagal nerve activity (GVNA) has been reported to affect feeding behavior. In vivo electrophysiological measurement of GVNA revealed that oral-ingestion of β-eudesmol significantly increased GVNA. This GVNA elevation was eliminated by TRPA1 inhibitor (HC-030031) treatment prior to β-eudesmol administration. The physiological effects of β-eudesmol, for example, incremental increase in food intake, ghrelin elevation and activation of GVNA, were significantly reduced in TRPA1 knockout rats. Our results indicated that β-eudesmol stimulates an increase in appetite through TRPA1, and suggests why TRPA1 activator containing foods and beverages are preferably consumed.
Early endosome motility mediates α-amylase production and cell differentiation in Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Togo Yusuke , Higuchi Yujiro , Katakura Yoshinori , Takegawa Kaoru 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecent research in filamentous fungi has revealed that the motility of an endocytic organelle early endosome (EE) has a versatile role in many physiological functions. Here, to further examine the motility of EEs in the industrially important fungus Aspergillus oryzae, we visualized these organelles via the Rab5 homolog AoRab5 and identified AoHok1, a putative linker protein between an EE and a motor protein. The Aohok1 disruptant showed retarded mycelial growth and no EE motility, in addition to an apical accumulation of EEs and peroxisomes. We further demonstrated that the Aohok1 disruptant exhibited less sensitivity to osmotic and cell wall stresses. Analyses on the protein secretory pathway in ΔAohok1 cells showed that, although distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi was not affected, formation of the apical secretory vesicle cluster Spitzenkörper was impaired, probably resulting in the observed reduction of the A. oryzae major secretory protein α-amylase. Moreover, we revealed that the transcript level of α-amylase-encoding gene amyB was significantly reduced in the Aohok1 disruptant. Furthermore, we observed perturbed conidial and sclerotial formations, indicating a defect in cell differentiation, in the Aohok1 disruptant. Collectively, our results suggest that EE motility is crucial for α-amylase production and cell differentiation in A. oryzae.
Morphological differentiation of Brachionus calyciflorus caused by predation and coal ash pollution
Authors: Xue Ying-Hao , Yang Xiao-Xue , Zhang Gen , Xi Yi-Long 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDifferent rotifer stains exhibited remarkably morphological differences which could not be eliminated under laboratory conditions. In the present study, we hypothesized that predation pressure and pollution might be two forces driving morphological differentiation of rotifer. To test this hypothesis, rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus) belonging to two sibling species were collected from three special lakes (with coal ash pollution, high predation pressure or neither) and cultured for more than three months to investigate their potential differentiation in morphology. Twelve morphological parameters were measured and compared among three lakes at four food density (Scenedesmus obliquus). The results showed that most of the tested morphological parameters changed in response to food level and differed among three habitats. Rotifers from the habitat with high predation pressure evolved stable long posterior lateral spine and relatively small body size. Rotifers collected from the polluted habitat was of smaller body size, compared with those from ordinary habitat. Bigger eggs were laid by rotifers from polluted area or lake with high predation pressure, enabling newborns more resistant to pollution or predation, and thus ensuring the survival rate of newborns. Finally, we concluded that both predation and pollution could affect the morphological differentiation and evolution of rotifers.
Primary aldosteronism patients show skin alterations and abnormal activation of glucocorticoid receptor in keratinocytes
Authors: Boix Julia , Bigas Judit , Sevilla Lisa M. , Iacobone Maurizio , Citton Marilisa , Torresan Francesca , Caroccia Brasilina , Rossi Gian Paolo , Pérez Paloma 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is a disease characterized by high aldosterone levels caused by benign adrenal tumors being the most frequent cause of secondary hypertension. Aldosterone plays vital physiological roles through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) but in certain cell types, it can also activate the glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR). Both MR and GR are structurally and functionally related and belong to the same family of ligand-dependent transcription factors that recognize identical GC regulatory elements (GREs) on their target genes. GCs play key roles in skin pathophysiology acting through both GR and MR; however, the effects of aldosterone and the potential association of PA and skin disease were not previously addressed. Skin samples from PA revealed histopathological alterations relative to control subjects, featuring epidermal hyperplasia, impaired differentiation, and increased dermal infiltrates, correlating with increased NF-κB signaling and up-regulation of TNF-A and IL-6 cytokines. PA skin samples also showed significantly higher expression of MR, GR, and HSD11B2. In cultured keratinocytes, aldosterone treatment increased GRE transcriptional activity which was significantly inhibited by co-treatment with GR- and MR-antagonists. This study demonstrates that high levels of aldosterone in PA patients correlate with skin anomalies and inflammatory features associated with abnormal GR/MR activation in epidermal keratinocytes.
Medial Proximal Femoral Angle better than Neck-Shaft Angle? Influence of Rotation on the Anteroposterior Radiograph
Authors: Fürmetz Julian , Wolf Florian , Euler Ekkehard , Thaller Peter , Degen Nikolaus 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNeck-shaft angle (NSA) and medial proximal femoral angle (MPFA) describe the geometry of the proximal femur, but they are influenced by rotation. The MPFA is closer to the right angle and therefore assumed to be less influenced. This hypothesis was tested with a mathematical approach to compare the effects of rotation and their clinical relevance on both angles. We developed a three-dimensional (3D) geometrical model representing projectional radiography of the femoral axes under rotation and derived a mathematical equation. For validation purposes, we experimentally simulated projectional radiography and compared the results to those of the equation (five different inclinations of the femoral neck (IFN) each in 13 different rotations). The validated equation was used to determine the influence of rotation (–60° to +60°) on normal valued NSA and MPFA. The mean absolute difference between calculated and experimentally measured values was 0.6° (standard deviation [SD] 0.5; 0.0–2.2). The mean calculated difference between true and projected NSA was 7.1° (SD 7.1; 0.0–22.0), and for the MPFA, it was –1.9° (SD 2.2; –7.4 to 0.0). Clinically relevant deviations (≥5°) occurred at ≥30° external or ≥ 40° internal rotation for the NSA, for the MPFA at 60° external rotation. Mathematical modeling of radiographic projection of the IFN is possible to a high level of accuracy. Our results indicate that the NSA is significantly more susceptible to deviations caused by rotation than the MPFA. Clinicians must be aware of rotational influences in radiographic projection and possibly should use the MPFA instead of the NSA. The rotational influence during X-ray imaging must be controlled accurately, and femoral torsion should be quantified in computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI) scans if possible. 3-D bone models reconstructed from digital image data can be a future option for measuring true angles. Level of evidence was basic research.
Westphal Variant of Huntington's Disease
Authors: Cabarcas-Castro L. , Ramón-Gómez J. , Zarante-Bahamón A. , Bernal-Pacheco O. , Espinosa-García E. , Cote-Orozco J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA Westphal variant of Huntington's disease (HD) is an infrequent presentation of this inherited neurodegenerative disorder. Here, we describe a 14-year-old girl who developed symptoms at the age of 7, with molecular evidence of abnormally expanded Cytosine-Adenine-Guanine (CAG) repeats in exon 1 of the Huntingtin gene. We briefly review the classical features of this variant highlighting the importance of suspecting HD in a child with parkinsonism and a family history of movement disorder or dementia.
Intracerebral Hematoma Following Evacuation of Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Bansal Sumit , Mahapatra Ashok 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntracerebral hematoma is an unusual complication following surgical evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma. We report a case of 61-year-old patient operated at our department for a right-sided chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), who presented with mild headache and left hemiparesis (4/5, Medical Research Council [MRC] grade). Postoperatively, the patient developed a small hematoma in ipsilateral frontal lobe. Serial computed tomography (CT) of the head showed progressive increase in size of hematoma with development of motor dysphasia. Frontal hematoma was evacuated by craniotomy and the patient improved in motor dysphasia. We emphasize the rarity of this complication and discuss the pathogenesis as well as management of this condition.
Stellenwert der koronaren Hybridrevaskularisation
Authors: Holubec Tomas , Liebetrau Christoph , Hecker Florian , Arsalan Mani , Van Linden Arnaud , Doss Mirko , Hamm Christian , Walther Thomas 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungUnter der hybriden koronaren Revaskularisation (HCR) versteht man die kombinierte chirurgische und interventionelle Therapie der koronaren Herzkrankheit bei Patienten mit signifikanter koronarer Mehrgefäßerkrankung. Die HCR wurde als eine Alternative zur konventionellen koronaren Bypassoperation oder zur „multi-vessel“ perkutanen koronaren Intervention bei mehreren tausend Patienten bereits erfolgreich durchgeführt. In diesem Übersichtsartikel wird ein Überblick über die Definitionen, die Indikationen zur HCR, zu Patientenselektion und zeitlichem Ablauf der Prozeduren sowie über die chirurgische Technik und die aktuelle Evidenz gegeben.
Ohrmuschelplastik der Dysplasie Grad I
Authors: Schneider Gerlind 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Korrektur der Ohrmuscheldysplasie Grad I gehört zu den häufigsten ästhetischen Eingriffen im HNO-Gebiet. In den allermeisten Fällen liegt
eine komplexe Pathologie von Anthelix, Cavum conchae und/oder Lobulus vor. Der Operateur muss deshalb nach einer genauen Analyse der
Pathologie aus den verschiedenen Korrekturmöglichkeiten nach dem „Baukastenprinzip“ die für das spezielle Problem geeignetsten
Operationstechniken auswählen können.
Funktionalität und nichtinvasive Bildgebung
Authors: Gastl Mareike , Manka Robert , Kelm Malte , Bönner Florian 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungNichtinvasive Bildgebung spielt eine zentrale Rolle bei Diagnose, Risikostratifizierung und klinischem Management von Patienten mit stabiler koronarer Herzkrankheit (KHK). Die Entscheidung zu einer anatomischen oder funktionellen Bildgebung wird anhand der Patienteneignung, der Prätestwahrscheinlichkeit sowie der lokalen Methodenverfügbarkeit und Expertise getroffen. Aktuelle große Studien zeigen, dass die anatomische Bildgebung zwar die KHK diagnostiziert, aber im Vergleich zur funktionellen Bildgebung keinen signifikanten Mehrwert für die Vorhersage der Gesamtletalität hat. Neben der Funktion der koronaren Makrostrombahn können funktionale Bildgebungsmodalitäten auch die der Mikrostrombahn mit signifikant besserer Vorhersage der Gesamtletalität erfassen. Die Wertigkeit der Ischämietestung ist vor dem Hintergrund der älter werdenden Patienten mit untypischen Symptomen und damit schwieriger Berechnung der Prätestwahrscheinlichkeit als besonders hoch einzustufen. Aktuelle technische Entwicklungen aller Modalitäten erweitern in unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeit deren Präzision und diagnostische Genauigkeit. Durch eine Vielzahl an randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien wird die klinische Bedeutung der einzelnen Bildgebungsmodalitäten in Bezug auf Kosten, Entscheidungspfade und Letalität der Patienten kontrovers diskutiert.
Idiopathische subglottische Stenose: Rezidivwahrscheinlichkeit unverändert
Authors: Sittel Christian 
Published: November 2017

Aarnæs MT et al. Idiopathic subglottic stenosis: an epidemiological single-center study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274: 2225–2228
Wissenschaftler der HNO-Klinik der Universität Oslo untersuchten Inzidenz, Management und Behandlungsergebnisse der idiopathischen
subglottischen Stenose.
IVH in VLBW Preterm Babies – Therapy with Recombinant Activated F VII?
Authors: Knüpfer Matthias , Ritter Jenny , Pulzer Ferdinand , Gebauer Corinna , Wolf Nadine , Bläser Anett , Dreyhaupt Jens , Thome Ulrich 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Backround Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) remains a dangerous and frequent complication in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Activated factor VII (aFVII) activates the coagulation cascade and is a potential tool for stopping active bleeding, including limiting the extent of an IVH. This retrospective treatment observation compared data for infants with IVH progression treated with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) alone or with a combination of FFP and aFVII.
Methods/Intervention All infants were subject to cranial ultrasonography at least twice daily. When an IVH was detected, treatment with FFP (5–20 ml/kg every 4–6 h) was commenced and the parents were informed. If the parents endorsed aFVII treatment and the IVH showed progress, aFVII (30–50 µg/kg body weight 4–6 times within 16–24 h) was given. Otherwise, infants were treated with FFP only. We compared the course of IVH between the aFVII+FFP treated infants and a control group (FFP only).
Results 35 patients throughout were included in the analysis (17 control and 18 aFVII group). Demographic data was not different between groups. The progress of IVH was significantly less in the aFVII group (p<0.01). During the hospital stay, 2 of the infants in the aFVII group died compared to 4 in the control group. A posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus developed in 3 aFVII and 6 control infants. All other outcome parameters and follow-up-results 2 years after treatment did not differ significantly.
Conclusion These data show that in the case of a progressing IVH, aFVII may be a candidate for limiting its extent. A prospective randomized trial is warranted.
Optimized care in Patients with Rare Diseases: TSC at the Center for Rare Diseases (ZSEUKS) at Saarland University Medical Center, Germany
Authors: Ebrahimi-Fakhari Daniel , Poryo Martin , Graf Norbert , Zemlin Michael , Flotats-Bastardas Marina , Heine Gunnar , Ragoschke-Schumm Andreas , Meyer Sascha 
Published: November 2017

AbstractProviding comprehensive medical care for patients with rare diseases is both challenging and rewarding. We will give a short summary of the most relevant medical issues pertinent to this subject, and will illustrate some of these issues by sharing our experience in the care of patients with TSC disease.
Sekundärprävention bei koronarer Herzkrankheit – Was gibt es Neues?
Authors: Niederseer David , Niebauer Josef 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDie koronare Herzerkrankung (KHK) ist aus epidemiologischen, aber auch gesundheitsökonomischen Gesichtspunkten eine der wichtigsten Erkrankungen unserer Zeit. Aufgrund des Vorhandenseins von effektiven Präventionsstrategien ist deren Umsetzung von zentraler Bedeutung. Hierbei wird zwischen einer nicht medikamentösen Prävention und einer medikamentösen Prävention unterschieden. Zentrales Anliegen beider Präventionsansätze ist eine optimale Einstellung der kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren. Unter den nicht medikamentösen Präventionsmaßnahmen werden Nikotinkarenz, körperliche Aktivität, Gewichtsnormalisierung, Ernährungsumstellung und psychosoziale Interventionen zusammengefasst. Die medikamentösen Präventionsmaßnahmen zielen auf die optimale Einstellung von arterieller Hypertonie, Diabetes, Dyslipidämie, Plättchenaggregationshemmung und Medikamentenadhärenz ab. Nur eine optimale Abstimmung der nicht medikamentösen und medikamentösen Präventionsansätze kann bei Risikopatienten das erste kardiovaskuläre Ereignis oder bei Patienten mit stattgehabtem kardiovaskulärem Ereignis weitere Ereignisse verhindern.
Simethicone improves bowel cleansing with low-volume polyethylene glycol: a multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Zhang Shenghong , Zheng Danping , Wang Jinping , Wu Jianwei , Lei Pingguang , Luo Qi , Wang Liping , Zhang Beiping , Wang Hong , Cui Yi , Chen Minhu 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims For bowel preparation, using a reduced volume of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution without influencing its effectiveness would be preferable. While simethicone shows great potential as an adjunctive agent, data on its use are limited. We aimed to clarify whether simethicone added to low-volume PEG solution improved bowel cleansing.
Patients and methods Consecutive adult patients registered for colonoscopy were recruited from seven medical centers in South China between 15 April and 15 July 2015 and prospectively randomized into two groups: 2 L PEG (conventional group) and 2 L PEG plus simethicone (simethicone group). The primary endpoint was the effectiveness of bowel cleansing according to the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Secondary endpoints included cecal intubation time, adenoma detection rate (ADR), patient safety and compliance, and adverse events.
Results We included 290 and 289 patients in the conventional and simethicone groups, respectively, for analysis. The proportion with acceptable bowel cleansing (BBPS ≥ 6) was significantly higher in the simethicone group than in the conventional group (88.2 % vs. 76.6 %; P < 0.001). The mean (SD) BBPS score was significantly lower in the conventional group (6.5 [1.8] vs. 7.3 [1.7]; P < 0.001), as was the bubble score (2.5 [0.7] vs. 2.8 [0.5]; P < 0.001). The average cecal intubation time was significantly shorter in the simethicone group (6.3 [3.1] vs. 7.5 [5.1] minutes; P < 0.001). The ADR in the right colon was higher in the simethicone group than in the conventional group (16.6 % vs. 10.3 %; P = 0.03). Safety and compliance, including the taste, smell, and dosage of PEG, were similar for both groups.
Conclusions Simethicone added to low-volume PEG solution improves bowel-cleansing efficacy, with similar safety and compliance, shorter cecal intubation time, and higher ADR.
Psychological targeting as an effective approach to digital mass persuasion
Authors: Matz S. C. , Kosinski M. , Nave G. , Stillwell D. J. 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Building on recent advancements in the assessment of psychological traits from digital footprints, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of psychological mass persuasion—that is, the adaptation of persuasive appeals to the psychological characteristics of large groups of individuals with the goal of influencing their behavior. On the one hand, this form of psychological mass persuasion could be used to help people make better decisions and lead healthier and happier lives. On the other hand, it could be used to covertly exploit weaknesses in their character and persuade them to take action against their own best interest, highlighting the potential need for policy interventions.
Dopamine reward prediction error signal codes the temporal evaluation of a perceptual decision report
Authors: Sarno Stefania , de Lafuente Victor , Romo Ranulfo , Parga Néstor 
Published: November 2017

Significance
How do animals learn to take correct actions based on uncertain observations? Although dopamine neurons can guide learning in conditioning experiments, their role in decision-making tasks is poorly understood. How can they code reward prediction errors and simultaneously exhibit decision-making processes and beliefs about the state of the environment? Using modeling work and analysis of data recorded from monkeys detecting weak stimuli delivered at uncertain times, we propose some answers to these questions. Specifically, we explain how the certainty about the presence of a stimulus is communicated to midbrain dopamine neurons through transient cortical events and why that certainty becomes visible in their response to a relevant task event.
Recovery of taste organs and sensory function after severe loss from Hedgehog/Smoothened inhibition with cancer drug sonidegib
Authors: Kumari Archana , Ermilov Alexandre N. , Grachtchouk Marina , Dlugosz Andrzej A. , Allen Benjamin L. , Bradley Robert M. , Mistretta Charlotte M. 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceHedgehog pathway-inhibitor drugs effectively treat basal cell carcinoma, a common skin cancer. However, many patients taking such drugs report severe taste disturbances that impair their quality of life. To understand the biology behind these adverse effects, we studied the consequences of Hedgehog pathway inhibition on taste organs and neural sensation in mice. Taste bud progenitor-cell proliferation and differentiation were altered, resulting in taste bud loss. Nerve responses to lingual taste stimuli were also eliminated, while responses to touch and cold stimuli remained. After stopping Hedgehog pathway inhibition, taste buds and sensory responses recovered. This study advances our understanding of Hedgehog signaling in taste homeostasis and the reported taste recovery after clinical treatments with Hedgehog pathway-inhibiting drugs.
Parochial trust and cooperation across 17 societies
Authors: Romano Angelo , Balliet Daniel , Yamagishi Toshio , Liu James H. 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceIn a study including 17 societies, we found that people are motivated to trust and cooperate more with their ingroup, than harm the outgroup. Reputation-based indirect reciprocity may offset this ingroup favoritism, because we found that reputational concern universally increases cooperation with both ingroup and outgroup members. We also found that people who are dispositionally cooperative are less parochial and more universal in their cooperation. In a time of increasing parochialism in both domestic and international relations, our findings affirm us of the danger of the strong human universal toward parochial altruism. Yet, our findings suggest that in all societies, there exist people whose cooperation transcends group boundaries and provides a solution to combating parochialism: reputation-based indirect reciprocity.