bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Extension of the Systems Modeling Language for Physical Interaction and Signal Flow Simulation
Authors: Bock Conrad , Barbau Raphael , Matei Ion , Dadfarnia Mehdi 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTComputer‐interpretable representations of system structure and behavior are at the center of developing today's complex systems. Systems engineers create and review these representations using graphical modeling languages that capture requirements, designs, and tests (such as the Systems Modeling Language, SysML). However, these languages must be used in conjunction with analysis tools, in particular, with simulators for physical interaction and numeric signal flow based on ordinary and algebraic differential equation solvers. These kind of simulation tools are often used separately from system modeling tools, leading to inconsistencies that require additional work to eliminate, preventing multidisciplinary concerns from being reflected in the overall system design. As a result, there is an increasing need for integrating physical interaction and signal flow simulation tools and languages into system modeling under a single framework. In this article, we first present an abstraction of the constructs and semantics these simulation tools and languages have in common, based on earlier reviews. Then, we compare SysML to our simulation abstraction to find the parts of SysML closest to simulation modeling, and to identify simulation concepts missing from SysML. This leads to extensions of SysML to bridge the gaps, illustrated with an example application. Next, we address issues in translating extended SysML models to common simulation tools and languages, including the differences between them. Finally, we validate the approach by applying the extension to an example SysML model, automating the translations in software, and showing that the results execute the same way on different simulation platforms.
Cervical funneling or intra‐amniotic debris and preterm birth in nulliparous women with midtrimester cervical length less than 30 mm
Authors: Saade G. R. , Thom E. A. , Grobman W. A. , Iams J. D. , Mercer B. M. , Reddy U. M. , Tita A. T. N. , Rouse D. J. , Sorokin Y. , Wapner R. J. , Leveno K. J. , Blackwell S. C. , Esplin M. S. , Tolosa J. E. , Thorp J. M. , Caritis S. N. , Vandorsten J. P. ,   the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate whether the presence of cervical funneling or intra‐amniotic debris identified in the second trimester is associated with a higher rate of preterm birth (PTB) in asymptomatic nulliparous pregnant women with a midtrimester cervical length (CL) less than 30 mm (i.e. below the 10th percentile).MethodsThis was a secondary cohort analysis of data from a multicenter trial in nulliparous women between 16 and 22 weeks' gestation with a singleton gestation and CL less than 30 mm on transvaginal ultrasound, randomized to treatment with either 17‐alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate or placebo. Sonographers were centrally certified in CL measurement, as well as in identification of intra‐amniotic debris and cervical funneling. Univariable and multivariable analysis was performed to assess the associations of cervical funneling and intra‐amniotic debris with PTB.ResultsOf the 657 women randomized, 112 (17%) had cervical funneling only, 33 (5%) had intra‐amniotic debris only and 45 (7%) had both on second‐trimester ultrasound. Women with either of these findings had a shorter median CL than those without (21.0 mm vs 26.4 mm; P < 0.001). PTB prior to 37 weeks was more likely in women with cervical funneling (37% vs 21%; odds ratio (OR), 2.2 (95% CI, 1.5–3.3)) or intra‐amniotic debris (35% vs 23%; OR, 1.7 (95% CI, 1.1–2.9)). Results were similar for PTB before 34 and before 32 weeks' gestation. After multivariable adjustment that included CL, PTB < 34 and < 32 weeks continued to be associated with the presence of intra‐amniotic debris (adjusted OR (aOR), 1.85 (95% CI, 1.00–3.44) and aOR, 2.78 (95% CI, 1.42–5.45), respectively), but not cervical funneling (aOR, 1.17 (95% CI, 0.63–2.17) and aOR, 1.45 (95% CI, 0.71–2.96), respectively).ConclusionsAmong asymptomatic nulliparous women with midtrimester CL less than 30 mm, the presence of intra‐amniotic debris, but not cervical funneling, is associated with an increased risk for PTB before 34 and 32 weeks' gestation, independently of CL. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Health Disparities: A Life Course Health Development Perspective and Future Research Directions
Authors: Larson Kandyce , Russ Shirley A. , Kahn Robert S. , Flores Glenn , Goodman Elizabeth , Cheng Tina L. , Halfon Neal 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHistorically, research examining health status disparities between members in different socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic groups often focused on adults and the concurrent lifestyle factors that might explain health differentials. Recent years have witnessed an explosion of interest in the developmental origins of adult health and disease, and life course-oriented research has proliferated across the social, biological, and health sciences. This chapter describes how an integrated life course health development framework can be applied to advance our understanding of the dynamic and multilevel processes contributing to health disparities across lifetimes and even generations. Examples of recent research that has examined health status disparities from a life course perspective are provided, and research gaps and challenges are reviewed. The chapter concludes with a set of recommendations for a more strategic and responsive life course-informed research agenda that not only can fill in gaps in current knowledge, but also pave the way for the translation of this knowledge into improvement in practice, programs, and policy aimed at alleviating health disparities.
A cross-sectional and longitudinal study between association of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from fish consumption and high-density lipoprotein heterogeneity
Authors: Tani Shigemasa , Matsuo Rei , Kawauchi Kenji , Yagi Tsukasa , Atsumi Wataru , Hirayama Atsushi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDecreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle size, cholesterol poor, apolipoprotein A-I-rich HDL particles leading to smaller HDL particle size, may be associated with an anti-atherosclerotic effect. The data are sparse regarding the relationship between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [n-3 PUFAs: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and HDL particle size. This study was designed as a hospital-based cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between the serum levels of n-3 PUFAs and the HDL-cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio, as estimated by the HDL particle size, in patients with the presence of one or more risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Six hundred and forty sequential patients were enrolled in this study. The serum levels of EPA and DHA showed a strong correlation (r = 0.736, p < 0.0001). However, in a multivariate regression analysis after adjustment for ASCVD risk factors, increased serum DHA (β = − 0.745, p = 0.021), but not serum EPA (β = − 0.414, p = 0.139) or EPA + DHA (β = 0.330, p = 0.557) level, was identified as an independent indicator of decreased HDL particle size. In 476 patients followed up for at least 6 months, the absolute change (Δ) in the HDL-cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio decreased significantly as the quartile of the Δ DHA level increased (p = 0.014), whereas no significant difference in the Δ HDL-cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio was noted with the increase in the quartile of the Δ EPA level. Moreover, a multivariate regression analysis identified increased DHA level and decreased estimated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size measured relative to the mobility value of LDL with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (i.e., relative LDL migration: LDL-Rm value), as independent predictors of decreased HDL-cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio (β = − 0.171, p = 0.0003 and β = − 0.142, p = 0.002). The results suggest that increased serum DHA level, but not EPA level, might be associated with decreased HDL-cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio, an indicator of estimated HDL particle size. Further studies are needed to investigate the useful clinical indices and outcomes of these patients.Clinical Trial Registration Information UMIN (http://www.umin.ac.jp/), Study ID: UMIN000010603.
“Yeah that Made a Big Difference!”: The Importance of the Relationship between Health Professionals and Fathers Who Have a Child with Down Syndrome
Authors: Docherty Freyja , Dimond Rebecca 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEvidence suggests that medical services do not reflect the increased involvement of fathers in childcare, a discrepancy that can often lead to feelings of exclusion and inequality. Fathers who have a child with Down syndrome may encounter many different health professionals during their child's life, therefore it is important to consider this relationship, and investigate the factors that influence their experiences. This is particularly important because the limited research focusing on fathers suggest that those who have a child with Down syndrome can experience increased stress levels and lasting feelings of loss and grief. It is therefore important to address their relationships with health professionals, as these may be a significant resource to prevent these feelings. This study used interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to explore the experiences of seven fathers who have a child with Down syndrome, focusing on their interactions with health professionals. The analysis showed that the major factors associated with negative experiences were feelings of exclusion, receiving overly negative information about the condition and a perceived lack of on‐going support. Positive experiences were associated with being made to feel like an equal parent, being given direct/clear information and being congratulated on the birth of their child. These results provide an insight into what fathers expect in terms of their own and their child's care and highlight that health professionals have an important and extensive role in influencing fathers’ experiences of Down syndrome.
Human Influence at the Coast: Upland and Shoreline Stressors Affect Coastal Macrofauna and Are Mediated by Salinity
Authors: Seitz Rochelle D. , Knick Kathleen E. , Davenport Theresa M. , Saluta Gabrielle G. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Anthropogenic stressors can affect subtidal communities within the land-water interface. Increasing anthropogenic activities, including upland and shoreline development, threaten ecologically important species in these habitats. In this study, we examined the consequences of anthropogenic stressors on benthic macrofaunal communities in 14 subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay. We investigated how subestuary upland use (forested, agricultural, developed land) and shoreline development (riprap and bulkhead compared to marsh and beach) affected density, biomass, and diversity of benthic infauna. Upland and shoreline development were parameters included in the most plausible models among a candidate set compared using corrected Akaike’s Information Criterion. For benthic macrofauna, density tended to be lower in subestuaries with developed or mixed compared to forested or agricultural upland use. Benthic biomass was significantly lower in subestuaries with developed compared to forested upland use, and biomass declined exponentially with proportion of near-shore developed land. Benthic density did not differ significantly among natural marsh, beach, and riprap habitats, but tended to be lower adjacent to bulkhead shorelines. Including all subestuaries, there were no differences in diversity by shoreline type. In low salinities, benthic Shannon (H′) diversity tended to be higher adjacent to natural marshes compared to the other habitats, and lower adjacent to bulkheads, but the pattern was reversed in high salinities. Sediment characteristics varied by shoreline type and contributed to differences in benthic community structure. Given the changes in the infaunal community with anthropogenic stressors, subestuary upland and shoreline development should be minimized to increase benthic production and subsequent trophic transfer within the food web.
Epidemiology and survival of colon cancer among Egyptians: a retrospective study
Authors: Metwally Islam H. , Shetiwy Mosab , Elalfy Amr F. , Abouzid Amr , Saleh Saleh S. , Hamdy Mohamed 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer is the 4th commonest cancer in the world. Studies had shown different tumor behavior depending on the site, pathology and stage. However the characters of Egyptian colon cancer patients are not well addressed.
Method Computerized registry of a tertiary cancer hospital in Egypt was searched for colon cancer cases. Demographic, pathologic and treatment data were collected and analyzed using SPSS program.
Results About 360 colon cancer patients attended our center in the last 12 years. Tumor characters showed great diverse from that of developed countries, with especially different prognosis and survival.
Conclusion Egyptians have unique tumor characters and behavior, and different compliance with treatment regimens. Multicenter prospective studies, as well as evolving Egyptian treatment guidelines are needed to address this.
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE SUGARCANE APHID OUTBREAK IN SOUTH TEXAS
Authors: ZAPATA SAMUEL D. , DUDENSING REBEKKA , SEKULA DANIELLE , ESPARZA-DÍAZ GABRIELA , VILLANUEVA RAUL 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to estimate the economic impact of the sugarcane aphid (SCA) outbreak in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV), Texas. Local producers were surveyed to gather detailed information about crop production and pest control practices. Collected data were used to estimate the reduction in profit associated with the SCA infestation, as well as the monetary value of the prevented loss attributed to control efforts. Sorghum industry losses were then used to assess the overall economic impact of the SCA outbreak in the RGV economy.
When My Community Met the Other: Competing Concepts of “Community” in Restorative Justice
Authors: Chang Won Kyung 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In restorative justice theory, the concept of “community” looms large, since it is the locus of the very restoration to which this form of justice aspires. The questions that then raise themselves are: what is this “community” and how is this community rebuilt through the more relational and dialogical process of restorative justice? In investigating one restorative justice panel program in the United States, it becomes clear that “community” means different things to different individuals. Questioning the possibility of a locally-sanctioned version of justice, this study suggests that the starting point of including “community” in restorative justice should be re-thought.
Litigating Parentage: Equality Rights, LGBTQ Mobilization and Ontario’s All Families Are Equal Act
Authors: Snow Dave 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAfter a judge declared its parentage regime violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, in 2016, Ontario passed theAll Families Are Equal Act(AFAEA), which recognized LGBTQ families and parents of children born through assisted reproduction. This article analyzes the legislative hearings on the AFAEA, and highlights three factors that shaped the final policy outcome: a coordinated group of progressive witnesses with legal expertise; the presence of “rights talk” to inflate the scope of the judicial ruling; and the government’s use of the Charter as both “shield” and “sword” to minimize conservative opposition. This highlights how the Charter can shape policy outcomes not just in the courtroom, but also during the lawmaking process. It also demonstrates that activists are now using the Charter—particularly the equality rights provisions—to change policy for two groups facing discrimination: trans parents and individuals using assisted reproduction.
Toward a Chance Management View of Organizational Change
Authors: Jing Runtian , Van de Ven Andrew H. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTChance serves as the gate to organizational change. Based on a relational view of chance, we propose that in an organizational context, the chance to change is affected by the perceptions of change agents and the affordance of situational momentum, and that different time points of change are associated with different degrees of chance favorability. We develop a theoretical model to represent how change agents can assess the favorability of current and future momentum and how they can benefit from identifying a perceived chance by employing chance grasping, entraining, creating, or riding strategy to promote organizational change. We generate theoretical propositions to illustrate the four timing strategies of chance management. The overall contribution of this study is a chance management view of organizational change that considers change agents and situational momentum as two interdependent factors in the process of managing the chance to change.
Building Models for Extended Radio Sources: Implications for Epoch of Reionisation Science
Authors: Trott Cathryn M. , Wayth Randall B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe test the hypothesis that limitations in the sky model used to calibrate an interferometric radio telescope, where the model contains extended radio sources, will generate bias in the Epoch of Reionisation power spectrum. The information contained in a calibration model about the spatial and spectral structure of an extended source is incomplete because a radio telescope cannot sample all Fourier components. Application of an incomplete sky model to calibration of Epoch of Reionisation data will imprint residual error in the data, which propagates forward to the Epoch of Reionisation power spectrum. This limited information is studied in the context of current and future planned instruments and surveys at Epoch of Reionisation frequencies, such as the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA1-Low). For the MWA Epoch of Reionisation experiment, we find that both the additional short baselineuv-coverage of the compact Epoch of Reionisation array, and the additional long baselines provided by TGSS and planned MWA expansions, are required to obtain sufficient information on all relevant scales. For SKA1-Low, arrays with maximum baselines of 49 km and 65 km yield comparable performance at 50 MHz and 150 MHz, while 39 km, 14 km, and 4 km arrays yield degraded performance.
Unraveling the Occupation History of the Cremation Cemetery at Wijnegem/Blikstraat (Belgium)
Authors: De Mulder Guy , Van Strydonck Mark , Boudin Mathieu , Bourgeois Ignace 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTRecently a cremation cemetery was excavated at the site of Wijnegem where 29 cremation graves and 9 funerary monuments were uncovered. Thirty radiocarbon (14C) dates were carried out, mostly on cremated bone but also 10 charcoal samples were dated. Twenty-four cremations were studied. Four ring ditches were dated by charcoal samples from the infill of the ditch. The 14C dates showed an interesting long-term occupation of the cemetery. Different phases were ascertained. The history of the cemetery starts in the northern part of the site around a circular funerary monument. Two cremations were dated at the transition of the Early to Middle Bronze Ages. Two other graves represent the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Ages. The main occupation period dates between the end of the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. Finally, an isolated cremation grave marks the definite abandonment of the site during the Late Iron Age.
The compositional and metabolic responses of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to a gradient of dietary fish oil and associatedn-3 long-chain PUFA content
Authors: Houston Sam J. S. , Karalazos Vasileios , Tinsley John , Betancor Mónica B. , Martin Samuel A. M. , Tocher Douglas R. , Monroig Oscar 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oil (VO) in feed formulations reduces the availability ofn-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) to marine fish such as gilthead seabream. The aim of this study was to examine compositional and physiological responses to a dietary gradient ofn-3 LC-PUFA. Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets (D1–D6) were fed to seabream, with the added oil being a blend of FO and VO to achieve a dietary gradient ofn-3 LC-PUFA. Fish were sampled after 4 months feeding, to determine biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid concentrations and lipid metabolic gene expression. The results indicated a disturbance to lipid metabolism, with fat in the liver increased and fat deposits in the viscera reduced. Tissue fatty acid profiles were altered towards the fatty acid compositions of the diets. There was evidence of endogenous modification of dietary PUFA in the liver which correlated with the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2). Expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (srebp1), fads2and fatty acid synthase increased in the liver, whereas PPARα1 pathways appeared to be supressed by dietary VO in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects in lipogenic genes appear to become measurable in D1–D3, which agrees with the weight gain data suggesting that disturbances to energy metabolism and lipogenesis may be related to performance differences. These findings suggested that suppression ofβ-oxidation and stimulation ofsrebp1-mediated lipogenesis may play a role in contributing toward steatosis in fish fedn-3 LC-PUFA deficient diets.
MEASURING THE IMPACT OF CHILD MARRIAGE ON TOTAL FERTILITY: A STUDY FOR FIFTEEN COUNTRIES
Authors: Onagoruwa Adenike , Wodon Quentin 
Published: November 2017

SummaryChild marriage has significant negative impacts, not only for girls, but also for a range of development outcomes. This study aimed to assess, in a more detailed way than done so far, the magnitude of the relationship between child marriage and total fertility in multiple countries representing diverse settings. Data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys in the fifteen countries of interest were used. Analysis was restricted to a subsample of women aged 35–49 years in order to capture completed fertility. Poisson regression was conducted to estimate the impact of each additional year of early marriage on the total number of births women have, controlling for selected sociodemographic characteristics. Counterfactual analyses were carried out to estimate the reduction in the number of children that women would have over their lifetime in the absence of child marriage. Controlling for socioeconomic and other characteristics, girls who marry as children have more children over their lifetime than women marrying after the age of 18. Nationally, across fifteen countries, the reduction in total fertility from ending child marriage ranges from 0.24 to 1.06 children per woman. The simulated change in total fertility that would result from ending child marriage tends to be higher in countries that have a higher incidence of child marriage.