bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heidegger and the Essence ofDasein
Authors: Zuckerman Nate 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBeing and Timeargues that we, asDasein, are defined not bywhatwe are, but by ourwayof existing, our “existentiell possibilities.” I diagnose and respond to an interpretive dilemma that arises from Heidegger's ambiguous use of this latter term. Most readings stress its specific sense, holding thatDaseinhas no general essence and is instead determined by some historically contingent way of understanding itself and the meaning of being at large. But this fails to explain the sense in whichBeing and Timeis a work of fundamental ontology, concluding in Heidegger's claim to have found the meaning ofDasein's being in the concept of originary temporality. On the other hand, readings that stress the general sense of “existentiell possibilities” find Heidegger on a fruitless quest forthetranscendental conditions necessary forDasein's existence, which seems to founder on the claims thatDaseinis constitutively thrown, factical, and “in‐each‐case‐mine” [jemeinig]. Both readings are problematic and, I contend, result from a failure to disambiguate and explain the ontologically uniquerelationship betweenthe specific and general aspects ofDasein's essence. I argue that we can better explain this relationship, Heidegger's method for investigating it, and the sense in whichDaseinhas an essence that is open to philosophical investigation, if we readBeing and Time's ontology ofDaseinin terms of what Anton Ford calls “categorial” genus‐species relationships.
Moral Reasoning as Naturally Good: A Qualified Defense of Foot's Conception of Practical Rationality
Authors: Hendley Steven 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPhilippa Foot's version of ethical naturalism, centered on the idea of “natural goodness,” has received a good deal of critical scrutiny. One pervasive criticism contends that less than virtuous modes of conduct may be described as naturally good or, at least, not naturally defective on her account. If true, this contradicts the most ambitious aspect of Foot's naturalistic approach to ethics: to show that judgments of moral goodness are a subclass of judgments of natural goodness. But even if one finds this line of criticism convincing, there is a less ambitious aspect of Foot's project which remains, at least in a qualified way, defensible: her conception of moral reasoning as a legitimate form of practical rationality. This more modest claim turns not on the view that moral judgments are a subclass of judgments of natural goodness but merely on the idea that moral reasoning itself is naturally good for us.
The profile of HLA‐DRB1 alleles in Arabs with type 1 diabetes; meta‐analyses
Authors: Hamzeh A. R. , Nair P. , Al Ali M. T. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGenes from the HLA complex have a major contribution in type 1 diabetes (T1D), which results from an interplay between environmental and genetic factors. The latter can explain some of the geographic variability in T1D occurrence around the world. Of a particular importance in this regard are the HLA‐DR, ‐DP and ‐DQ loci. Consequently, we aimed at elucidating the collective genetic profiles of various alleles relating to HLA‐DRB1 and ‐DP in T1D patients throughout the Arab World using the tools of meta‐analysis. As for HLA‐DQA1 and DQB1 alleles; this analysis was completed and published previously (see Introduction). As a result of limited availability of relevant studies of the HLA‐DP locus, only HLA‐DRB1 alleles were tackled in this paper. Our study showed that significant increases in T1D risk resulted from harboring the alleles DRB1*03:01 and *04:05 (odds ratio 7.76 and 7.52, respectively). DRB1*04:01 and *04:02 were also predisposing for T1D in Arabs. Very strong evidence supported the protective effects of DRB1*10:01, *13:01, *15:02 and *16:01, with low heterogeneity and no publication bias. The results from the series of meta‐analyses performed in this study help to complete the global genetic epidemiological map of T1D by providing statistically robust data from the Arab World.
Pustular dermatitis in dogs affected by leishmaniosis: 22 cases
Authors: Colombo Silvia , Abramo Francesca , Borio Stefano , Albanese Francesco , Noli Chiara , Dedola Carla , Leone Federico 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundSkin lesions in canine leishmaniosis (CanL) are diverse, including exfoliative, ulcerative, nodular and papular dermatitides. An uncommon pustular form has also been reported.Hypotheses/ObjectivesWe hypothesized that CanL infection can produce a pustular reaction pattern in the skin of dogs. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the clinicopathological features of dogs with CanL infection and pustular dermatitis, and correlate them with response to therapy.AnimalsTwenty two affected dogs.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records and examination of archived biopsy materials or previously processed glass slides was performed. Cytological examinations had been recorded for all cases. Specimens were available for histopathological examination in 17 of 22 cases and for immunohistochemical detection of Leishmania amastigotes in 13 of 22 cases.ResultsAll dogs presented with multifocal to diffuse pustular dermatitis. CanL was diagnosed by IFAT serology (20 cases), bone marrow cytology (one case) or bone marrow PCR (one case). Cytological and/or histopathological examinations revealed acantholytic keratinocytes within pustules in 18 of 22 cases. Bacterial and fungal cultures were not performed. Leishmania amastigotes were identified by histopathology within the dermis in three cases; immunohistochemistry was positive in four cases. All dogs underwent concurrent anti‐leishmanial and immunosuppressive therapy to control the pustular dermatitis, with favourable outcome in 11 of 22 cases.Conclusions and clinical importanceDue to the retrospective nature of this study it is not possible to either accept or reject the hypothesis that CanL is the direct cause of pustular dermatitis.
Evidence‐Based Practice Point‐of‐Care Resources: A Quantitative Evaluation of Quality, Rigor, and Content
Authors: Campbell Jared M. , Umapathysivam Kandiah , Xue Yifan , Lockwood Craig 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveClinicians and other healthcare professionals need access to summaries of evidence‐based information in order to provide effective care to their patients at the point‐of‐care. Evidence‐based practice (EBP) point‐of‐care resources have been developed and are available online to meet this need. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive list of available EBP point‐of‐care resources and evaluate their processes and policies for the development of content, in order to provide a critical analysis based upon rigor, transparency and measures of editorial quality to inform healthcare providers and promote quality improvement amongst publishers of EBP resources.DesignA comprehensive and systematic search (Pubmed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central) was undertaken to identify available EBP point‐of‐care resources, defined as “web‐based medical compendia specifically designed to deliver predigested, rapidly accessible, comprehensive, periodically updated, and evidence‐based information (and possibly also guidance) to clinicians.”Main Outcome MeasuresA pair of investigators independently extracted information on general characteristics, content presentation, editorial quality, evidence‐based methodology, and breadth and volume.ResultsTwenty‐seven summary resources were identified, of which 22 met the predefined inclusion criteria for EBP point‐of‐care resources, and 20 could be accessed for description and assessment. Overall, the upper quartile of EBP point‐of‐care providers was assessed to be UpToDate, Nursing Reference Centre, Mosby's Nursing Consult, BMJ Best Practice, and JBI COnNECT+.Linking Evidence to ActionThe choice of which EBP point‐of‐care resources are suitable for an organization is a decision that depends heavily on the unique requirements of that organization and the resources it has available. However, the results presented in this study should enable healthcare providers to make that assessment in a clear, evidence‐based manner, and provide a comprehensive list of the available options.
El lenguaje en la revelación: performatividad y pragmática
Authors: Ramírez Alberto 
Published: December 2015

<p>El acceso al misterio de Dios por medio de la revelación, su aceptación, comprensión y comunicación son un acontecimiento del lenguaje. Este artículo se ocupa de un tipo de lenguaje que puede dar cuenta de la dinámica por la cual el<br />testimonio creyente de lo revelado puede llegar a ser parte de la revelación que lo suscita, por medio de la autoimplicación. Se trata del lenguaje performativo y de su estructura pragmática, que muestran cómo la Palabra es el eje en el que gira la<br />revelación, su transmisión, su realización e incluso su cumplimiento.</p>
Gammaherpesvirus Infection of Human Neuronal Cells
Authors: Jha Hem Chandra , Mehta Devan , Lu Jie , El-Naccache Darine , Shukla Sanket K. , Kovacsics Colleen , Kolson Dennis , Robertson Erle S. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Gammaherpesviruses human herpesvirus 4 (HHV4) and HHV8 are two prominent members of the herpesvirus family associated with a number of human cancers. HHV4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous gammaherpesvirus prevalent in 90 to 95% of the human population, is clinically associated with various neurological diseases such as primary central nervous system lymphoma, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, cerebellar ataxia, and encephalitis. However, the possibility that EBV and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) can directly infect neurons has been largely overlooked. This study has, for the first time, characterized EBV infection in neural cell backgrounds by using the Sh-Sy5y neuroblastoma cell line, teratocarcinoma Ntera2 neurons, and primary human fetal neurons. Furthermore, we also demonstrated KSHV infection of neural Sh-Sy5y cells. These neuronal cells were infected with green fluorescent protein-expressing recombinant EBV or KSHV. Microscopy, genetic analysis, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analyses for specific viral antigens supported and validated the infection of these cells by EBV and KSHV and showed that the infection was efficient and productive. Progeny virus produced from infected neuronal cells efficiently infected fresh neuronal cells, as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, acyclovir was effective at inhibiting the production of virus from neuronal cells similar to lymphoblastoid cell lines; this suggests active lytic replication in infected neurons
in vitro
. These studies represent a potentially new
in vitro
model of EBV- and KSHV-associated neuronal disease development and pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
To date, no
in vitro
study has demonstrated gammaherpesvirus infection of neuronal cells. Moreover, worldwide clinical findings have linked EBV to neuronal pathologies, including multiple sclerosis, primary central nervous system lymphoma, and Alzheimer's disease. In this study, for the first time, we have successfully demonstrated the
in vitro
infection of Sh-Sy5y and Ntera2 cells, as well as human primary neurons. We have also determined that the infection is predominately lytic. Additionally, we also report infection of neuronal cells by KSHV
in vitro
similar to that by EBV. These findings may open new avenues of consideration related to neuronal pathologies and infection with these viruses. Furthermore, their contribution to chronic infection linked to neuronal disease will provide new clues to potential new therapies.
Olympic weightlifting training improves vertical jump height in sportspeople: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Hackett Daniel , Davies Tim , Soomro Najeebullah , Halaki Mark 
Published: December 2015

PurposeThis systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effect of Olympic weightlifting (OW) on vertical jump (VJ) height compared to a control condition, traditional resistance training and plyometric training.MethodsFive electronic databases were searched using terms related to OW and VJ. Studies needed to include at least one OW exercise, an intervention lasting ≥6 weeks; a comparison group of control, traditional resistance training or plyometric training; and to have measured VJ height. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Downs and Black Checklist. Random and fixed effects meta-analyses were performed to pool the results of the included studies and generate a weighted mean effect size (ES).ResultsSix studies (seven articles) were included in the meta-analyses and described a total of 232 participants (175 athletes and 57 physical education students) with resistance training experience, aged 19.5±2.2 years. Three studies compared OW versus control; four studies compared OW versus traditional resistance training; and three studies compared OW versus plyometric training. Meta-analyses indicated OW improved VJ height by 7.7% (95% CI 3.4 to 5.4 cm) compared to control (ES=0.62, p=0.03) and by 5.1% (95% CI 2.2 to 3.0 cm) compared to traditional resistance training (ES=0.64 p=0.00004). Change in VJ height was not different for OW versus plyometric training.ConclusionsOW is an effective training method to improve VJ height. The similar effects observed for OW and plyometric training on VJ height suggests that either of these methods would be beneficial when devising training programmes to improve VJ height.
High-serum carotenoids associated with lower risk for developing type 2 diabetes among Japanese subjects: Mikkabi cohort study
Authors: Sugiura Minoru , Nakamura Mieko , Ogawa Kazunori , Ikoma Yoshinori , Yano Masamichi 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveRecent epidemiological studies show the association of antioxidant carotenoids with type 2 diabetes, but thorough longitudinal cohort studies regarding this association have not been well conducted. The objective of this study was to investigate longitudinally whether serum carotenoids are associated with the risk for developing type 2 diabetes among Japanese subjects.Research design and methodsWe conducted a follow-up study on 1073 males and females aged 30–79 years at the baseline from the Mikkabi prospective cohort study. Those who participated in the baseline and completed follow-up surveys were examined longitudinally. Over the 10-year period, 910 subjects (295 males and 615 females) took part in the follow-up survey at least one time. A cohort of 264 males and 600 females free of diabetes at baseline was studied.ResultsOver a mean follow-up period of 7.8 years (SD=2.9), 22 males and 33 females developed new type 2 diabetes. After adjustments for confounders, the HRs for type 2 diabetes in the highest tertiles of serum α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and total provitamin A carotenoids against the lowest tertiles were 0.35 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.82), 0.43 (CI 0.20 to 0.92) and 0.41 (CI 0.19 to 0.90), respectively. For β-carotene and zeaxanthin, borderline reduced risks were also observed, but these were not significant.ConclusionsOur results further support the hypothesis that eating a diet rich in carotenoids, especially provitamin A carotenoids, might help prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in Japanese patients.Trial registration numberNIFT-2013001.
Pain exposure physical therapy (PEPT) compared to conventional treatment in complex regional pain syndrome type 1: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Barnhoorn Karlijn J , van de Meent Henk , van Dongen Robert T M , Klomp Frank P , Groenewoud Hans , Samwel Han , Nijhuis-van der Sanden Maria W G , Frölke Jan Paul M , Staal J Bart 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of pain exposure physical therapy (PEPT) with conventional treatment in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS-1) in a randomised controlled trial with a blinded assessor.SettingThe study was conducted at a level 1 trauma centre in the Netherlands.Participants56 adult patients with CRPS-1 participated. Three patients were lost to follow-up.InterventionsPatients received either PEPT in a maximum of five treatment sessions, or conventional treatment following the Dutch multidisciplinary guideline.MeasurementsOutcomes were assessed at baseline and at 3, 6 and 9 months after randomisation. The primary outcome measure was the Impairment level Sum Score—Restricted Version (ISS-RV), consisting of visual analogue scale for pain (VAS-pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire, active range of motion (AROM) and skin temperature. Secondary outcome measures included Pain Disability Index (PDI); muscle strength; Short Form 36 (SF-36); disability of arm, shoulder and hand; Lower Limb Tasks Questionnaire (LLTQ); 10 m walk test; timed up-and-go test (TUG) and EuroQol-5D.ResultsThe intention-to-treat analysis showed a clinically relevant decrease in ISS-RV (6.7 points for PEPT and 6.2 points for conventional treatment), but the between-group difference was not significant (0.96, 95% CI −1.56 to 3.48). Participants allocated to PEPT experienced a greater improvement in AROM (between-group difference 0.51, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.94; p=0.02). The per protocol analysis showed larger and significant between-group effects on ISS-RV, VAS-pain, AROM, PDI, SF-36, LLTQ and TUG.ConclusionsWe cannot conclude that PEPT is superior to conventional treatment for patients with CRPS-1. Further high-quality research on the effects of PEPT is warranted given the potential effects as indicated by the per protocol analysis.Trial registration numbersNCT00817128 and NTR 2090.
A cross-sectional mixed methods study protocol to generate learning from patient safety incidents reported from general practice
Authors: Carson-Stevens Andrew , Hibbert Peter , Avery Anthony , Butlin Amy , Carter Ben , Cooper Alison , Evans Huw Prosser , Gibson Russell , Luff Donna , Makeham Meredith , McEnhill Paul , Panesar Sukhmeet S , Parry Gareth , Rees Philippa , Shiels Emma , Sheikh Aziz , Ward Hope Olivia , Williams Huw , Wood Fiona , Donaldson Liam , Edwards Adrian 
Published: December 2015

IntroductionIncident reports contain descriptions of errors and harms that occurred during clinical care delivery. Few observational studies have characterised incidents from general practice, and none of these have been from the England and Wales National Reporting and Learning System. This study aims to describe incidents reported from a general practice care setting.Methods and analysisA general practice patient safety incident classification will be developed to characterise patient safety incidents. A weighted-random sample of 12 500 incidents describing no harm, low harm and moderate harm of patients, and all incidents describing severe harm and death of patients will be classified. Insights from exploratory descriptive statistics and thematic analysis will be combined to identify priority areas for future interventions.Ethics and disseminationThe need for ethical approval was waivered by the Aneurin Bevan University Health Board research risk review committee given the anonymised nature of data (ABHB R&D Ref number: SA/410/13). The authors will submit the results of the study to relevant journals and undertake national and international oral presentations to researchers, clinicians and policymakers.
Effect of patient-centred bedside rounds on hospitalised patients’ decision control, activation and satisfaction with care
Authors: O’Leary Kevin J , Killarney Audrey , Hansen Luke O , Jones Sasha , Malladi Megan , Marks Kelly , M Shah Hiren 
Published: December 2015

ImportanceThough interprofessional bedside rounds have been promoted to enhance patient-centred care for hospitalised patients, few studies have been conducted in adult hospital settings and evidence of impact is lacking.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of patient-centred bedside rounds (PCBRs) on measures of patient-centred care.Design and settingCluster randomised controlled trial involving four similar non-teaching hospitalist service units in a large urban hospital.ParticipantsHospitalised general medical patients.InterventionWe assembled working groups on two intervention units, consisting of professionals and patient/family members, to determine the optimal timing, duration and format for PCBR. Nurses and hospitalists rounded together in PCBR using a communication tool to provide a framework for discussion and unit leaders joined PCBR to provide coaching during initial weeks of implementation.Main outcomesUsing patient interviews, we assessed preferred and experienced roles in medical decision-making using the Control Preferences Scale, activation using the Short Form of the Patient Activation Measure, and satisfaction. We also compared postdischarge patient satisfaction survey items related to teamwork, involvement in decisions and overall care. We assessed nurses’, physicians’ and advanced practice providers’ (APP) perceptions of PCBR using a survey developed for this study.ResultsOverall, 650 patients were approached for structured interview during hospitalisation: 284 were excluded because of disorientation, 54 were excluded because of non-English language, 72 declined to participate and 4 withdrew from the study after enrolment. Interview data were available for 236 (122 control and 114 intervention unit) patients, and postdischarge satisfaction survey data were available for 493 (274 control and 219 intervention unit) patients. We found no significant differences in patients’ perceptions of shared decision-making, activation or satisfaction with care. Results were similar in analyses based on whether PCBR had been performed (ie, per protocol). We also found no difference in postdischarge patient satisfaction items. Results were similar in multivariate analyses controlling for patient characteristics and clustering of patients within study units. A majority of nurses (78.6%), but only about half of hospitalist physicians and APPs felt that PCBR improved communication with patients (47.4%). A minority of nurses (46.4%) and physicians and APPs (36.8%) agreed that PCBR had improved the efficiency of their workday.ConclusionsPCBR had no impact on patients’ perceptions of shared decision-making, activation or satisfaction with care. Additional research is needed to identify optimal approaches that can be reliably implemented in hospital settings to improve patient-centred care.
Outcome of patients with autoimmune diseases in the intensive care unit: a mixed cluster analysis
Authors: Bernal-Macías Santiago , Reyes-Beltrán Benjamín , Molano-González Nicolás , Augusto Vega Daniel , Bichernall Claudia , Díaz Luis Aurelio , Rojas-Villarraga Adriana , Anaya Juan-Manuel 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesThe interest on autoimmune diseases (ADs) and their outcome at the intensive care unit (ICU) has increased due to the clinical challenge for diagnosis and management as well as for prognosis. The current work presents a-year experience on these topics in a tertiary hospital.MethodsThe mixed-cluster methodology based on multivariate descriptive methods such as principal component analysis and multiple correspondence analyses was performed to summarize sets of related variables with strong associations and common clinical context.ResultsFifty adult patients with ADs with a mean age of 46.7±17.55 years were assessed. The two most common diagnoses were systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis, registered in 45% and 20% of patients, respectively. The main causes of admission to ICU were infection and AD flare up, observed in 36% and 24%, respectively. Mortality during ICU stay was 24%. The length of hospital stay before ICU admission, shock, vasopressors, mechanical ventilation, abdominal sepsis, Glasgow score and plasmapheresis were all factors associated with mortality. Two new clinical clusters variables (NCVs) were defined: Time ICU and ICU Support Profile, which were associated with survivor and no survivor variables.ConclusionsIdentification of single factors and groups of factors from NCVs will allow implementation of early and aggressive therapies in patients with ADs at the ICU in order to avoid fatal outcomes