bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of AsSI‐SbSI glasses short‐range structure via Raman spectroscopy, XPS and XRD
Authors: Kurushkin Mikhail V. , Markov Viktor A. , Semencha Alexandr V. , Mikhailov Mikhail D. , Tverjanovich Andrey S. , Shakhmin Aleksandr L. , Larionova Tatiana V. , Andreeva Valentina D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe ability to predict the influence of dopants (such as antimony) on the short‐range structure of As‐S‐I glasses has the potential to help design glasses with modified properties. In the present work, the short‐range structure of As‐Sb‐S‐I glasses has been investigated along AsSI‐SbSI section of fixed sulfur and iodine concentrations and equivalent arsenic by antimony substitution. At high arsenic content (As:Sb≥2:1) antimony substitutes arsenic in AsI3 molecules justified by Raman spectroscopy and XPS. Further antimony introduction (As:Sb<2:1) leads to the substitution of arsenic by antimony in ‐S‐As‐S‐ polymeric chains, leading to SbSI crystallization justified by XRD. The resulting two‐dimensional schematic diagrams represent the AsSI‐SbSI glasses short‐range structure and show the mechanism of arsenic by antimony substitution.
Formation of Core‐Shell Mesoporous Ceramic Fibers
Authors: Elishav Oren , Beilin Vadim , Shter Gennady E. , Dinner Omry , Halperin Victor , Grader Gideon S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCeramic Fe–Al–O nanofibers with a core‐shell architecture were obtained by electrospinning. The fibers consist of an Fe–Al–O core with novel lamellar‐like mesopores and an Fe‐rich shell. A mechanism of this unique core and shell formation is outlined and confirmed. The described mesoporous nanofibers are highly promising for new research and applications involving catalysis, sensing and absorption of mobile components on the accessible porous core surface.
Dual inhibition of BDNF/TrkB and autophagy: a promising therapeutic approach for colorectal cancer
Authors: Mazouffre Clément , Geyl Sophie , Perraud Aurélie , Blondy Sabrina , Jauberteau Marie‐Odile , Mathonnet Muriel , Verdier Mireille 
Published: June 2017

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common digestive cancer in the Western world. Despite effective therapies, resistance and/or recurrence frequently occur. The present study investigated the impact of two survival pathways—neurotrophic factors (TrkB/BDNF) and autophagy—on cell fate and tumour evolution. In vitro studies were performed on two CRC cell lines, SW480 (primary tumour) and SW620 (lymph node invasion), which were also used for subcutaneous xenografts on a nude mouse model. In addition, the presence of neurotrophic factors (NTs) and autophagy markers were assessed in tissue samples representative of different stages. On the basis of our previous study (which demonstrated that TrkB overexpression is associated with prosurvival signaling in CRC cells), we pharmacologically inhibited NTs pathways with K252a. As expected, an inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway was observed and CRC cells initiated autophagy. Conversely, blocking the autophagic flux with chloroquine or with ATG5‐siRNA overactivated TrkB/BDNF signaling. In vitro, dual inhibition improved the effectiveness of single treatment by significantly reducing metabolic activity and enhancing apoptotic cell death. These findings were accentuated in vivo, in which dual inhibition induced a spectacular reduction in tumour volume following long‐term treatment (21 days for K252a and 12 days for CQ). Finally, significant amounts of phospho‐TrkB and LC3II were found in the patients’ tissues, highlighting their relevance in CRC tumour biology. Taken together, our results show that targeting NTs and autophagy pathways potentially constitutes a new therapeutic approach for CRC.
Nintedanib reduces ventilation‐augmented bleomycin‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition and lung fibrosis through suppression of the Src pathway
Authors: Li Li‐Fu , Kao Kuo‐Chin , Liu Yung‐Yang , Lin Chang‐Wei , Chen Ning‐Hung , Lee Chung‐Shu , Wang Chih‐Wei , Yang Cheng‐Ta 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMechanical ventilation (MV) used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can increase lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrogenesis. Src is crucial in mediating the transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the fibroproliferative phase of ARDS. Nintedanib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that directly blocks Src, has been approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The mechanisms regulating interactions among MV, EMT and Src remain unclear. In this study, we suggested hypothesized that nintedanib can suppress MV‐augmented bleomycin‐induced EMT and pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the Src pathway. Five days after administrating bleomycin to mimic acute lung injury (ALI), C57BL/6 mice, either wild‐type or Src‐deficient were exposed to low tidal volume (VT) (6 ml/kg) or high VT (30 ml/kg) MV with room air for 5 hrs. Oral nintedanib was administered once daily in doses of 30, 60 and 100 mg/kg for 5 days before MV. Non‐ventilated mice were used as control groups. Following bleomycin exposure in wild‐type mice, high VT MV induced substantial increases in microvascular permeability, TGF‐β1, malondialdehyde, Masson's trichrome staining, collagen 1a1 gene expression, EMT (identified by colocalization of increased staining of α‐smooth muscle actin and decreased staining of E‐cadherin) and alveolar epithelial apoptosis (P < 0.05). Oral nintedanib, which simulated genetic downregulation of Src signalling using Src‐deficient mice, dampened the MV‐augmented profibrotic mediators, EMT profile, epithelial apoptotic cell death and pathologic fibrotic scores (P < 0.05). Our data indicate that nintedanib reduces high VT MV‐augmented EMT and pulmonary fibrosis after bleomycin‐induced ALI, partly by inhibiting the Src pathway.
Morphology and Phylogenetic Analyses of Three Novel Naegleria Isolated from Freshwaters on Jeju Island, Korea, During the Winter Period
Authors: Khwon Woo Jun , Park Jong Soo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe genus Naegleria is one of the best known heterolobosean groups, and is the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. This group is rarely studied in temperate regions during winter. Here, three novel Naegleria were isolated from freshwaters on Jeju Island, Korea, during winter. Two isolates were amoeboflagellates, and one of the three amoebae did not undergo enflagellation. All amoebae had eruptive pseudopodia, and the layer of refractile granules around a large nucleus. They formed a cyst with ~2 pores in the cyst stage. The amoeboflagellate form had two flagella and no division in the flagellate stage, and no cytostome. These features are very similar to typical Naegleria. Furthermore, our isolates were able to grow at > 30 °C, suggesting that they had different thermophilicity from Naegleria in polar regions. All amoebae were largely encysted at 5 or 10 °C, indicating that they were likely encysted during winter. Based on the 18S rRNA gene and the ITS1‐5.8S rRNA gene‐ITS2 sequences, the phylogenetic analyses consistently revealed that the isolates are members of the Naegleria group. However, the isolates differ from other species in both phylogenetic trees. Thus, Naegleria in cold habitats appeared to have a high degree of novelty, but their thermophilicity may be dependent on locality.
Functional Impairment and Risk of Venous Thrombosis in Older Adults
Authors: Engbers Marissa J. , Blom Jeanet W. , Cushman Mary , Rosendaal Frits R. , van Hylckama Vlieg Astrid 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the role of age‐specific risk factors for thrombosis in older age, such as functional impairment.DesignCase‐control study.SettingThe Age and Thrombosis—Acquired and Genetic risk factors in the Elderly Study, a two‐center study conducted in the Netherlands and the United States from 2008 to 2011.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 70 and older with a first‐time deep venous thrombosis in the leg or pulmonary embolism (n = 401) and controls aged 70 and older (n = 431) without a history of thrombosis. Exclusion criteria were active malignancy and severe cognitive disorders.MeasurementsThe thrombotic risk associated with functional impairment, defined as impairment in two or more activities of daily living (ADLs), impaired mobility (inability to walk outside), sedentary lifestyle (≥20 h/d sleeping or sitting), and low handgrip strength (<15th percentile), was assessed. Odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, sex, and study center with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and population attributable risks (PAR) were calculated.ResultsRisk of venous thrombosis was 2.9 times greater (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.6–5.3) in individuals with impairment in ADLs, three times as great (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.9–4.7) in those with impaired mobility, four times as great (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 2.5–6.3) in those with a sedentary life style, and 2.3 times as great (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.5–3.4) in those with weak handgrip strength. PARs were 8% for ADL disability, 13% for inability to walk outside for 15 minutes, 29% for sedentary lifestyle, and 13% for weak hand grip strength.ConclusionIn individuals aged 70 and older, functional impairments are a major risk factor for venous thrombosis. These findings may help providers caring for older people be more aware of venous thrombosis risk.
Corporate Carbon and Financial Performance: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Busch Timo , Lewandowski Stefan 
Published: June 2017

SummaryWe use meta‐analytical techniques to address the question“When does it pay to be green?” Existing meta‐studies in this research field cover a range of ecological issues and synthesize a variety of environmental performance measurements. This precludes a detailed examination of how differences in measurement approaches account for variations in empirical results. In order to conduct such an examination, we focus on only one ecological issue, climate change, and one particular operational performance dimension: corporate carbon performance as expressed by a firm's level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission equivalents. Our sample comprises 68 estimations from 32 empirical studies, covering a total of 101,775 observations. In addition to our examination of the causal relationship, we analyze whether differences in operationalizations of carbon performance and financial performance predetermine empirical outcomes. The meta‐analytic findings indicate that carbon emissions vary inversely with financial performance, indicating that good carbon performance is generally positively related to superior financial performance. The results show that relative emissions are more likely to produce statistically significant results than absolute emissions. Furthermore, market‐based measures of financial performance are more positively related to carbon performance than accounting‐based measures. We conclude that measurement characteristics, which were not analyzed in detail by previous meta‐studies, may present a great source of cross‐study variability.
Mutation in a novel gene SMALL AND CORDATE LEAF 1 affects leaf morphology in cucumber
Authors: Gao Dongli , Zhang Chunzhi , Zhang Shu , Hu Bowen , Wang Shenhao , Zhang Zhonghua , Huang Sanwen 
Published: June 2017

SummaryPlant species exhibit substantial variation in leaf morphology. We isolated a recessive mutant gene termed small and cordate leaf 1 (scl1) that causes alteration in both leaf size and shape of cucumber. Compared to wild type leaves, the scl1 mutant had fewer numbers of epidermal pavement cells. A single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with this leaf phenotype, which occurred in a putative nucleoside bisphosphate phosphatase. RNA‐seq analysis of the wild type and scl1 mutant leaves suggested that SCL1 regulation may not involve known hormonal pathways. Our work identified a candidate gene for SCL1 that may play a role in leaf development.
Perceptions of supervisor support: Resolving paradoxical patterns across gender and race
Authors: Paustian‐Underdahl Samantha C. , King Eden B. , Rogelberg Steven G. , Kulich Clara , Gentry William A. 
Published: June 2017

This work reconciles previous discrepancies regarding when and how the demographic composition of supervisor–subordinate dyads relates to perceived supervisor support. We draw from social identity theory to argue that building relationships with higher‐status group members, while distancing oneself from the lower‐status group, is a contextually induced way female and racial minority employees may cope with identity threat in the workplace. Our results supported the hypotheses, indicating that this self‐distancing effect via reduced perceived supervisor support only emerges in settings where gender or racial identities may be considered threatened (in organizations with climates of higher perceived gender inequity, Study 1; or climates of higher perceived diversity inequity, Study 2). Such results are particularly important and timely given the recent ample attention in popular media and academic outlets regarding the ‘queen bee’ effect, the ‘crabs in the barrel’ mentality, and diversity‐valuing behaviour of leaders. The current research suggests that such behaviours are not generalizable to all female or minority employees; rather, this effect seems to be context‐driven.Practitioner points

Organizational climates that are higher in gender and/or diversity inequity may bring about negative in‐group behaviours between supervisors and subordinates.

To increase perceptions of supervisor support, especially among traditionally low‐status employees, organizations should improve their diversity climates to be more inclusive for all employees.

Building active mentoring programmes for under‐represented groups and increasing the number of women and non‐White employees in senior positions, while emphasizing equal opportunity for all employees, are some ways organizations can reduce perceptions of gender and diversity inequity.

A career‐lattice approach to employee career development would allow employees to engage in more lateral transfers – enabling them to gain diverse skills, be exposed to multiple mentors, and to remove themselves from a potentially harmful supervisor–subordinate relationship.
Aspects of Malpractice in Prosthodontics
Authors: Nassani Mohammad Zakaria 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCrowns, fixed partial dentures, and removable dentures are the popular prosthetic dental restorations in current dental practice. Prosthodontic rehabilitation of the mouth, particularly in advanced and complex cases, requires careful planning, adequate clinical skills, and exacting technical standards. While a successful outcome is the ultimate goal for any prosthodontic treatment, complications, injuries, dissatisfaction, and/or failure may occur. When such events develop as a result of negligence or violation of standards of care, they are considered under the term of malpractice and may incur ethical and medico‐legal implications. This paper reviews and highlights some aspects of malpractice in prosthodontics. The current state of prosthodontic malpractice on a global level will also be evaluated. Standards of prosthodontic care, current literature of prosthodontic malpractice, where and how prosthodontic malpractice occurs, and recommendations for the future are presented. A thorough understanding of what is quality prosthodontic care and what disrupts this care can be a useful guard against professional litigation and may protect patients from poor quality of dental prosthetic care.
Nicotine Upregulates Coaggregation of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Ashkanane Ali , Gomez Grace F. , Levon John , Windsor L. Jack , Eckert George J. , Gregory Richard L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeDenture stomatitis is a condition of painless inflammation of denture‐bearing mucosa. Reports indicate that nicotine, the major psychoactive ingredient in tobacco, increases growth of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in denture biofilm. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of nicotine on coaggregation of C. albicans with S. mutans.Material and MethodsC. albicans strain ATCC 10231, S. mutans strain UA159 (ATTC 700610), and nicotine dilutions (ranging from 0 to 32 mg/ml) were used for this study. Both microorganisms were grown for 24 hours in dilutions of nicotine (0 to 32 mg/ml) made in tryptic soy broth (TSB) or TSB supplemented with 1% sucrose (TSBS; S. mutans) or yeast peptone dextrose broth (YPD; C. albicans). Suspensions of the nicotine‐treated cells were prepared, mixed together and incubated for up to 24 hours to determine if there was an increase in coaggregation of nicotine‐treated cells compared to the no nicotine control cells. Qualitative analysis of coaggregation was performed using a visual aggregation assay and light microscopic observation. A spectrophotometric assay was used to provide a quantitative analysis of the coaggregation.ResultsThe visual aggregation assay indicated a significant increase in coaggregation between C. albicans and S. mutans with increasing incubation time (0 to 24 hours) and nicotine concentrations (0 to 4 mg/ml). Microbial growth in nicotine at 4 mg/ml demonstrated a significant increase in coaggregation after 24 hours of incubation. The numbers of coaggregated S. mutans/C. albicans cells exhibited a significant increase with incubation time and nicotine concentrations when the samples were examined microscopically. More coaggregation of S. mutans and C. albicans was observed with incubation time and increased nicotine compared to the 0 mg/ml nicotine group. There was a noticeable increase of coaggregation when cells were grown in TSBS compared to TSB. Absorbance of nicotine‐treated cells (0.25 to 4 mg/ml) exhibited a decrease in values compared to 0 mg/ml at 0 hours of incubation, confirming increased coaggregation.ConclusionThese results demonstrated the effect of nicotine in increasing the coaggregation of S. mutans with C. albicans. Coaggregation increased with incubation time and nicotine concentration. Coaggregation was increased with S. mutans grown in TSBS compared to TSB, suggesting that growth in sucrose media leads to an increase in receptors responsible for coaggregation.
The sex chromosomes of bryophytes: Recent insights, open questions, and reinvestigations of Frullania dilatata and Plagiochila asplenioides
Authors: Renner Susanne S. , Heinrichs Jochen , Sousa Aretuza 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe three bryophyte lineages have long‐lived gametophytes that are either bisexual, producing both male‐ and female gametes, or sexually specialized and then producing only one type of gamete. Phylogenies suggest repeated evolutionary switches between these systems, implying that bryophyte sex chromosomes may have been gained and lost repeatedly. How this occurred is poorly understood, even though plant sex chromosomes were first discovered in liverworts. We explain how the sex chromosomes of haploid‐dominant organisms are distinct from the better‐studied X‐Y and Z‐W systems in the tree of life, summarise what is known about their distribution and genetic composition, and present new cytogenetic data for Frullania dilatata and Plagiochila asplenioides, the former with two U chromosomes and one V chromosome, the latter with one U chromosome and two V chromosomes; male and female C‐values in F. dilatata are correspondingly asymmetric (the C‐value of P. asplenioides is only known for female nuclei). So far, there is a lack of high‐throughput sequencing, quantification, and in situ study of the repetitive DNA, organellar DNA, and transposable elements, and it is therefore not known what causes the size difference of U and V chromosomes from the autosomes or each other. Heterochromatin was also first discovered in bryophytes, but its function in their sex regulation has not been addressed. Studies of bryophyte sex chromosomes with combined cytogenetic and genomic approaches are fundamental for a fuller understanding of sex chromosome evolution across the tree of life.
The effects of ketoconazole and cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of oral tramadol in greyhound dogs
Authors: KuKanich B. , KuKanich K. , Black J. 
Published: June 2017

Tramadol is administered to dogs for analgesia but has variability in its extent of absorption, which may hinder its efficacy. Additionally, the active opioid metabolite (M1) occurs in low concentrations. The purpose of this study was to determine if administration of oral tramadol with suspected metabolism inhibitors (ketoconazole, cimetidine) would lead to improved bioavailability of tramadol and M1. Six healthy Greyhounds were included. They were administered tramadol orally and intravenously, M1 intravenously, oral tramadol with oral ketoconazole and oral tramadol with oral cimetidine. Oral tramadol bioavailability was low (2.6%). Ketoconazole and cimetidine significantly increased tramadol bioavailability to 18.2% and 20.3%, respectively. The mean maximum plasma concentration of tramadol alone was 22.9 ng/ml, and increased to 109.9 and 143.2 ng/ml with ketoconazole and cimetidine, respectively. However, measured tramadol plasma concentrations were below the minimum concentration considered effective in humans (228 μg/ml). In all treatment groups, measured M1 concentrations (<7 μg/ml) were below concentrations associated with efficacy in humans. To conclude, tramadol and M1 concentrations were low and variable in dogs after oral dosing of tramadol, even in combination with cimetidine or ketoconazole, but effective concentrations in dogs have not been defined.
Supplementation of Protein Hydrolysates to a Low‐fishmeal Diet Improves Growth and Health Status of Juvenile Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus
Authors: Khosravi Sanaz , Bui Hien Thi Dieu , Herault Mikaël , Fournier Vincent , Kim Kyoung‐Duck , Lee Bong‐Joo , Kim Kang‐Woong , Lee Kyeong‐Jun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn 11‐wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate three different protein hydrolysates as feed ingredients in high‐plant‐protein diets for juvenile olive flounder. Five experimental diets were fed to juvenile olive flounder to examine the effect of three different protein hydrolysates on growth performance, innate immunity, and disease resistance against bacterial infection. A basal fishmeal (FM)‐based diet was regarded as a high‐FM diet (HFM) and a diet containing soy protein concentrate (SPC) as a substitute for 50% FM protein was considered as a low‐FM diet (LFM). Three other diets contained three different sources of protein hydrolysates, including shrimp, tilapia, and krill hydrolysates (designated as SH, TH, and KH), replacing 12% of FM protein. All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Triplicate groups of fish (15.1 ± 0.1 g) were handfed one of the diets to apparent satiation twice daily for 11 wk and subsequently challenged against Edwardsiella tarda. Growth performance and feed utilization of fish fed hydrolysate‐supplemented diets were significantly improved compared to those of fish fed the LFM diet. Dietary inclusion of the protein hydrolysates significantly enhanced apparent digestibility of dry matter and protein of the diets. In the proximal intestine, histological alterations were observed in the fish fed the LFM diet. The fish fed the hydrolysate diets showed significantly longer mucosal fold and enterocytes and greater number of goblet cells compared to fish fed the LFM diet. Respiratory burst activity was significantly higher in fish fed the TH and KH diets than fish fed the LFM diet. Significantly higher immunoglobulin levels were found in fish fed SH and KH diets compared to those of fish fed the LFM diet. Dietary inclusion of the protein hydrolysates in SPC‐based diets exhibited the highest lysozyme activity. Significantly higher superoxide activity was observed in groups of fish fed the KH diet. Fish offered the protein hydrolysates were more resistant to bacterial infection caused by E. tarda. The results of this study suggest that the tested protein hydrolysates can be used as potential dietary supplements to improve growth performance and health status of juvenile olive flounder when they were fed a LFM diet.