bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of observed and modeled seasonal crustal vertical displacements derived from multi‐institution GPS and GRACE solutions
Authors: Gu Yanchao , Fan Dongming , You Wei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEleven GPS crustal vertical displacement (CVD) solutions for 110 IGS08/IGS14 core stations provided by the International Global Navigation Satellite Systems Service Analysis Centers are compared with seven Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)‐modeled CVD solutions. The results of the internal comparison of the GPS solutions from multiple institutions imply large uncertainty in the GPS postprocessing. There is also evidence that GRACE solutions from both different institutions and different processing approaches (mascon and traditional spherical harmonic coefficients) show similar results, suggesting that GRACE can provide CVD results of good internal consistency. When the uncertainty of the GPS data is accounted for, the GRACE data can explain as much as 50% of the actual signals and more than 80% of the GPS annual signals. Our study strongly indicates that GRACE data have great potential to correct the nontidal loading in GPS time series.
Off‐fault deformations and shallow slip deficit from dynamic rupture simulations with fault zone plasticity
Authors: Roten D. , Olsen K. B. , Day S. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractKinematic source inversions of major (M≥7) strike‐slip earthquakes show that the slip at depth exceeds surface displacements measured in the field, and it has been suggested that this shallow slip deficit (SSD) is caused by distributed plastic deformation near the surface. We perform dynamic rupture simulations of M 7.2–7.4 earthquakes in elastoplastic media and analyze the sensitivity of SSD and off‐fault deformation (OFD) to rock quality parameters. While linear simulations clearly underpredict observed SSD and OFDs, nonlinear simulations for a moderately fractured fault damage zone predict a SSD of 44–53% and OFDs of 39–48%, consistent with the 30–60% SSD and 46 ± 10% (1σ) OFD reported for the 1992 M 7.3 Landers earthquake. Both SSD and OFDs are sensitive to the quality of the fractured rock mass inside the fault damage zone, and surface rupture is almost entirely suppressed in poor quality material.
On the persistence and coherence of subpolar sea surface temperature and salinity anomalies associated with the Atlantic multidecadal variability
Authors: Zhang Rong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study identifies key features associated with the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) in both observations and a fully coupled climate model, e.g., decadal persistence of monthly mean subpolar North Atlantic (NA) sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) anomalies, and high coherence at low frequency among subpolar NA SST/SSS, upper ocean heat/salt content, and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) fingerprint. These key AMV features, which can be used to distinguish the AMV mechanism, cannot be explained by the slab ocean model results or the red noise process but are consistent with the ocean dynamics mechanism. This study also shows that at low frequency, the correlation and regression between net surface heat flux and SST anomalies are key indicators of the relative roles of oceanic versus atmospheric forcing in SST anomalies. The oceanic forcing plays a dominant role in the subpolar NA SST anomalies associated with the AMV.
The magnetic local time distribution of energetic electrons in the radiation belt region
Authors: Allison Hayley J. , Horne Richard B. , Glauert Sarah A. , Zanna Giulio Del 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUsing 14 years of electron flux data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Polar Operational Environmental Satellites, a statistical study of the magnetic local time (MLT) distribution of the electron population is performed across a range of activity levels, defined by AE, AE*, Kp, solar wind velocity (Vsw), and VswBz. Three electron energies (>30, >100, and >300 keV) are considered. Dawn‐dusk flux asymmetries larger than order of magnitude were observed for >30 and >100 keV electrons. For >300 keV electrons, dawn‐dusk asymmetries were primarily due to a decrease in the average duskside flux beyond L* ∼ 4.5 that arose with increasing activity. For the >30 keV population, substorm injections enhance the dawnside flux, which may not reach the duskside as the electrons can be on open drift paths and lost to the magnetopause. The asymmetries in the >300 keV population are attributed to the combination of magnetopause shadowing and >300 keV electron injections by large electric fields. We suggest that 3‐D radiation belt models could set the minimum energy boundary (Emin) to 30 keV or above at L* ∼ 6 during periods of low activity. However, for more moderate conditions, Emin should be larger than 100 keV and, for very extreme activities, ∼300 keV. Our observations show the extent that in situ electron flux readings may vary during active periods due to the MLT of the satellite and highlight the importance of 4‐D radiation belt models to fully understand radiation belt processes.
Power allocation for target detection in radar networks based on low probability of intercept: A cooperative game theoretical strategy
Authors: Shi Chenguang , Salous Sana , Wang Fei , Zhou Jianjiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDistributed radar network systems have been shown to have many unique features. Due to their advantage of signal and spatial diversities, radar networks are attractive for target detection. In practice, the netted radars in radar networks are supposed to maximize their transmit power to achieve better detection performance, which may be in contradiction with low probability of intercept (LPI). Therefore, this paper investigates the problem of adaptive power allocation for radar networks in a cooperative game‐theoretic framework such that the LPI performance can be improved. Taking into consideration both the transmit power constraints and the minimum signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) requirement of each radar, a cooperative Nash bargaining power allocation game based on LPI is formulated, whose objective is to minimize the total transmit power by optimizing the power allocation in radar networks. First, a novel SINR‐based network utility function is defined and utilized as a metric to evaluate power allocation. Then, with the well‐designed network utility function, the existence and uniqueness of the Nash bargaining solution are proved analytically. Finally, an iterative Nash bargaining algorithm is developed that converges quickly to a Pareto optimal equilibrium for the cooperative game. Numerical simulations and theoretic analysis are provided to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Ultrafine Cobalt Phosphide Nanoparticles Embedded in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Matrix as a Superior Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Kunjie , Liu Jun , Li Site , Liu Liangliang , Yang Linyu , Liu Sailin , Wang Hao , Xie Tian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUltrafine CoP nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework 67 (ZIF‐67) template are first obtained. The synthesis strategy only involves a facile method in which ZIF‐67 precursor is phosphided under argon atmosphere. Such novel nanostructure consists of ultrafine CoP nanoparticles and N‐doped carbon matrix which greatly shorten the transport length of lithium ions, effectively buffer the volume expansion during the lithiation/delithiation process, and improve the electrical conductivity. Owing to their unique architecture characteristics, the active material exhibits a superior specific capacity of 522.6 mAh g−1 after 750 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g−1 and outstanding cycling stability up to 2000 cycles at a high current density of 500 mA g−1. In addition, the active material exhibits superior rate capability.
Ultrathin Li4Ti5O12 Nanosheet Based Hierarchical Microspheres for High‐Rate and Long‐Cycle Life Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: He Yishi , Muhetaer Aidaer , Li Jianming , Wang Feifan , Liu Cheng , Li Qi , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUltrathin Li4Ti5O12 nanosheet based hierarchical microspheres are synthesized through a three‐step hydrothermal procedure. The average thickness of the Li4Ti5O12 sheets is only ≈(6.6 ± 0.25) nm and the specific surface area of the sample is 178 m2 g−1. When applied into lithium ion batteries as anode materials, the hierarchical Li4Ti5O12 microspheres exhibit high specific capacities at high rates (156 mA h g−1 at 20 C, 150 mA h g−1 at 50 C) and maintain a capacity of 126 mA h g−1 after 3000 cycles at 20 C. The results clearly suggest that the utility of hierarchical structures based on ultrathin nanosheets can promote the lithium insertion/extraction reactions in Li4Ti5O12. The obtained hierarchical Li4Ti5O12 with ultrathin nanosheets and large specific surface area can be perfect anode materials for the lithium ion batteries applied in high power facilities, such as electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles.
The archaeological documentation and geochemistry of the Rua Tokitoki adze quarry and the Poike fine‐grain basalt source on Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
Authors: SIMPSON DALE F. , WEISLER MARSHALL I. , ST PIERRE EMMA J. , FENG YUEXING , BOLHAR ROBERT 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTRapa Nui is famous for its moai (statues) and ahu (platforms), yet research into the island's many basalt quarries, sources and workshops is limited. These geological and archaeological sites provided the raw materials for tools such as toki (adzes and picks), which facilitated the manufacture of Easter Island's iconic stonework. Other basaltic tools such as hoe (knives), ohio (axes) and mangai mā‘ea (stone fishhooks) served for subsistence practices. However, little is known about the sources of these artefacts, the sequence of their manufacture and their geochemical compositions. In this paper, we provide archaeological site descriptions and geochemistry of source material from the Rua Tokitoki quarry and a fine‐grain basalt locality on Poike to contribute towards an understanding of prehistoric mining, social interaction and elite oversight on this isolated East Polynesian outpost.
Enriched Air or Pure Oxygen as Oxidant for Gas‐to‐Liquid Process with Microchannel Reactors
Authors: Ostadi Mohammad , Hillestad Magne 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe syngas production step is one of the most costly steps in a gas‐to‐liquid plant. Commonly, oxygen is used as an oxidant in the reforming step. However, through the introduction of microchannel reactors, the use of enriched air may be justified. The merits of using enriched air versus pure oxygen are analyzed by utilizing an autothermal reformer, with microchannel reactors in the once‐through Fischer‐Tropsch (FT) step. Pure oxygen is provided by a cryogenic air separation unit (ASU) and enriched air by use of air separation membranes. Pure oxygen requires a smaller FT reactor volume, which means lower reactor costs at the expense of having a costly cryogenic ASU to produce pure oxygen. The operating cost of the ASU is lower than that of the air membrane, but the installed cost is higher.
Ionic Transport in Microhole Fluidic Diodes Based on Asymmetric Ionomer Film Deposits
Authors: Mathwig Klaus , Aaronson Barak D. B. , Marken Frank 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMicrohole fluidic ionic diodes based on asymmetric deposits of charged ionomer membranes (e. g. Nafion or polymers of intrinsic microporosity) on microhole supports yield high rectification ratios for ionic transport. They are fabricated without the need for complex micro‐ or nanostructuring, and show potential for future applications in desalination and biosensing. Here, we propose an explanation for the functional principle for this type of materials‐based ionic diode. A predictive computational model for ionic diode switching is based on finite element analysis. It is employed to determine the influence of diode geometry as well as type and concentration of aqueous electrolyte on the rectification behavior.
Manipulation of Inorganic Atomic‐Layer Networks by Solution‐Phase Co‐assembly
Authors: Hao Yajiao , Yu Lin , Dai Chuying , Li Song , Yu Yang , Ju Bo , Li Minjie , Zhang Sean Xiao‐An 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHomogeneous 2D lamellar assemblies of AuI thiolate coordination polymer (ATCP) were obtained by two‐ligand co‐assembly. The orbital levels and the bandgap of the 2D AuI–S network in the centre of the lamellae can be continuously tuned by means of the capping ligands on both sides, to give a new type of inorganic–organic composite semiconductor, the band structure of which can be easily tuned by low‐temperature solution‐phase co‐assembly. Furthermore, the chemical reactivity of these ATCP co‐assemblies also proved to be strongly dependent on the organic substituents, with well‐tuneable transformation rates to gold nanoparticles. Apparently, this is the first work to demonstrate how organic substituents can continuously tune the electron band structure and chemical reactivity of inorganic atomic layers of semiconductor through co‐assembly.
Cover Picture: Construction of Crown Ether‐Stoppering [3]Rotaxanes Based on N‐Hetero Crown Ether Host (Chin. J. Chem. 7/2017)
Authors: Han Xie , Li Ziyong , Xu Zhiqiang , Zhao Zhiyong , Liu Sheng Hua , Yin Jun 
Published: July 2017

The cover picture shows shows the construction of crown etherstoppering [3]rotaxanes based on N‐hetero crown ether host. Usually, crown ethers play the role of host macrocycles to combine with the guest molecules in the construction of rotaxanes. Based on the fact that crown ethers have large dimension, two [3]rotaxanes containing four crown ether units were designed and synthesized, of which, two N‐hetero crown ether components were employed as the macrocyclic hosts to assemble the mechanically interlocked framework by using a template‐directed clipping reaction while bis (metaphenylene‐26‐crown‐8) located on two sides of template diammonium acting as the stoppering groups of [3]rotaxanes. More details are discussed in the article by Yin et al. on page 1050–1056.
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Population Pharmacokinetics of Lenalidomide in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Connarn Jamie N. , Hwang Renfang , Gao Yue , Palmisano Maria , Chen Nianhang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model of lenalidomide was developed using data pooled from 13 clinical studies (dose range, 5–400 mg) in participants who were considered to have adequate capability for renal excretion of lenalidomide (creatinine clearance [CrCl] > 50 mL/min). The analysis population included 305 healthy volunteers and 83 patients with multiple myeloma or myelodysplastic syndromes. A 1‐compartment model with linear absorption and elimination described well the observed data for both healthy volunteers and patients. Covariate analysis suggested lenalidomide apparent clearance was positively correlated with CrCl, and lenalidomide volume of distribution was positively correlated with body weight. Both pharmacokinetic parameters were reduced by 29% in patients, independent of the effect of CrCl or body weight. Despite their statistical significance, effects of study population and body weight are considered clinically unimportant in adult patients with CrCl > 50 mL. After accounting for the above effects, body weight had no significant effect on CL/F, whereas age, sex, race, and mild hepatic impairment had no significant effect on either lenalidomide parameter. The PopPK model should be useful for future modeling of lenalidomide pharmacokinetics in the pediatric population and for further comparison of pharmacokinetic properties among structurally similar immunomodulatory drugs.
Spectroscopic Discrimination of Diastereomeric Complexes Involving an Axially Chiral Receptor
Authors: Filippi Antonello , Fraschetti Caterina , Guarcini Laura , Zazza Costantino , Ema Tadashi , Speranza Maurizio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) spectra of electrospray ionization (ESI)‐formed proton‐bound complexes between the axially chiral multifunctional macrocycle MaR and d‐ and l‐phenylalanine (PD and PL) or d‐ and l‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DD and DL) are recorded in the
=2800–3700 cm−1 region. Whereas the diastereomeric [MaR⋅H⋅PD]+ and [MaR⋅H⋅PL]+ complexes do not show any significant spectral differences, the spectrum of [MaR⋅H⋅DD]+ clearly diverges from that of its [MaR⋅H⋅DL]+ diastereomer. A comparison of the experimental spectra with the B3LYP/6‐31G**‐calculated harmonic vibrational frequencies of a number of stable structures indicates the formation, in the ESI source, of very similar spectroscopically active structures, with the protonated amino acid placed outside the flat cavity of the macrocycle and hydrogen‐bonded at its O2 center. Different spectral signatures of the [MaR⋅H⋅DD]+ and [MaR⋅H⋅DL]+ complexes are attributed to the coexistence of several stable rotamers in the ESI source.
In Situ Growth and Wrapping of Aminoanthraquinone Nanowires in 3 D Graphene Framework as Foldable Organic Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Guanhui , Bu Fanxing , Huang Yanshan , Zhang Yu , Shakir Imran , Xu Yuxi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSmall conjugated carbonyl compounds are intriguing candidates for organic electrode materials because of their abundance, high theoretical capacity, and adjustable molecular structure. However, their dissolution in aprotic electrolytes and poor conductivity eclipse them in terms of practical capacity, cycle life, and rate capability. Herein, we report a foldable and binder‐free nanocomposite electrode consisting of 2‐aminoanthraquinone (AAQ) nanowires wrapped within the 3 D graphene framework, which is prepared through antisolvent crystallization followed by a facile chemical reduction and selfassembly process. The nanocomposite exhibited a very high capacity of 265 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C for AAQ, realizing 100 % utilization of active material. Furthermore, the nanocomposite shows superior cycling stability (82 % capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.2 C and 76 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 0.4 C) and excellent rate performance (153 mA h g−1 at 5 C). Particularly, the nanocomposite can deliver the highest capacity of 165 mA h g−1 among all reported anthraquinone‐ and anthraquinone‐analogues‐based electrodes per mass of the whole electrode, which is essential for practical application. Such outstanding electrochemical performance could be largely attributed to the wrapping structure of the flexible composite, which provides both conductivity and structural integrity.
Performance Verification of High‐Efficiency PV Power Conditioner Integrated with SiC MOSFETs and Cooperative Control Method
Authors: AMIMOTO TAKESHI , OKUDA TATSUYA 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYA high conversion efficiency is always required for photovoltaic power conditioners to utilize PV‐generated DC power with minimal loss. The cooperative control method has been developed as one of the control methods that improves the conversion efficiency, which is applicable to nonisolated power conditioners consisting of a boost converter and an inverter. In the cooperative control method, the boost converter creates part of the AC voltage waveform, and either the boost converter or inverter performs switching only during a required period. Therefore, it has the advantage of reducing switching losses. In this paper, we present a study of a cooperative‐control‐type power conditioner assuming its use in grid‐connected operation and the results of a performance verification of prototype power conditioner. A microcontroller is used for cooperative control. The experimental results show that the prototype power conditioner integrated with SiC MOSFETs and the cooperative control method achieves an efficiency of 97.4% at an output of 5.5 kW.
The role of procalcitonin in acute heart failure patients
Authors: Möckel Martin , Searle Julia , Maisel Alan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAcute dyspnoea is a common chief complaint in the emergency department and is mainly caused by cardiac and pulmonary underlying diagnoses. In patients with acute heart failure (AHF), an early initiation of adequate therapy is important to improve patient outcome. Clinical differentiation of pulmonary and cardiac underlying causes and of concomitant pathologies determines which therapeutic strategy is chosen.Procalcitonin is a marker of bacterial infection, which is markedly increased in AHF patients with concomitant bacterial infection and thus has the potential to guide the early initiation of adequate antibiotic therapy. The IMPACT‐EU trial is a multicenter randomized controlled trial designed to test this hypothesis.This mini‐review summarizes the current literature on procalcitonin in AHF and explains the design of the IMPACT‐EU trial.
Structured pain management reduces patient discomfort after catheter ablation and rhythm device surgery
Authors: Dörschner M. , Bollmann A. , Dinov B. , Richter S. , Döring M. , Arya A. , Müssigbrodt A. , Kircher S. , Dagres N. , Sommer P. , Hindricks G. , Bode K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe goal was to test the effectiveness of a structured pain management programme after invasive electrophysiological interventions in cardiology including ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) and implantation, or explantation, of pacemakers or implantable cardioverter defibrillators.MethodsThis was a prospective study with a pre‐/post‐design where a post‐intervention group (116 consecutive patients) was compared to a pre‐intervention group (102 consecutive patients) after implementation of a structured pain‐management programme using the numeric rating scale (NRS 0–10) and classified as moderate‐to‐severe if NRS > 3. Measurements were recorded every two hours during the first 24 h post‐operatively. The location of the pain and the amount of analgesic used were also recorded.ResultsThe proportion of patients who experienced moderate‐to‐severe pain after the procedure decreased after initiation of the pain‐management program: 47% versus 61%; p = 0.048. This difference was driven primarily by reduced pain late (8–24 h) after the procedure; 16% versus 39%; p < 0.001. The risk to develop late (8–24 h) post‐procedural pain was reduced approximately three‐fold after implementation of the pain‐management programme (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.16–0.64, p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated chronic pain, early pain (0–6 h), and type of intervention were associated with late post‐interventional pain. In contrast, age, diabetes mellitus, BMI, gender and procedure time were not related.ConclusionThe findings illustrate the potential value of a structured pain‐management programme. The proportion of patients who experienced moderate‐to‐severe pain after these electrophysiological procedures decreased significantly.SignificanceThis is the first exploratory study that evaluates the impact of a multidisciplinary pain‐management programme after cardiac electrophysiological interventions. It demonstrates that significant quality improvement is achievable following simple rules together with patient and staff education. The programme reduces the proportion of patients with moderate‐to‐severe pain after electrophysiological procedures significantly.