bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aktuelle Indikationen zur operativen Therapie beim kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom
Authors: Jungraithmayr Wolfgang 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDas kleinzellige Bronchialkarzinom ist durch ein aggressives und schnelles Wachstum mit Tendenz zur frühen Metastasierung charakterisiert und weist eine der ungünstigsten Prognosen unter allen Malignomen auf. Aufgrund seiner hohen Sensitivität für Strahlen- und Chemotherapie stellt die Radiochemotherapie immer noch den Hauptpfeiler der Therapie dar. Allerdings haben in den letzten Jahren eine Reihe von retrospektiven Arbeiten sowie größere Fallserien gezeigt, dass eine Operation im multimodalen Konzept zu einem relevanten Überlebensvorteil sowie einer verbesserten lokalen Tumorkontrolle führen kann. Empfohlen werden kann eine Operation bei Manifestation des kleinzelligen Karzinoms in Form eines singulären peripheren Herdes, bei einem frühen Tumorstadium (T1 – 2, N0, M0), bei Vorliegen von kombiniert-histologischen Tumortypen, aber auch in ausgewählten Fällen bei einer Persistenz des kleinzelligen Karzinoms nach Chemotherapieresistenz. Aufgrund dessen, dass wir heute über eine Immuntherapie mittels Checkpoint-Inhibitoren nun auch bei dem kleinzelligen Karzinom verfügen, sollte auch unter diesem Aspekt eine Resektion erwogen werden, da die Expression bestimmter Checkpoint-Rezeptoren einen relevanten Einfluss auf Therapie und Prognose besitzt. Um allerdings die genannten Kriterien zugunsten einer Operation verbindlich und zuverlässig formulieren zu können, bedarf es randomisierter, kontrollierter Studien.
Myocardial Glucose Clearance by Aspalathin Treatment in Young, Mature, and Obese Insulin-Resistant Rats
Authors: Smit Sybrand , Johnson Rabia , Van Vuuren Mignon , Huisamen Barbara 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRooibos, an indigenous South African plant ingested as herbal tea, is well known for its antioxidant effects. This in vitro study investigated aspalathin (C21H24O11), a dihydrochalcone unique to rooibos, for hypoglycemic effects in the context of age- and obesity-induced insulin resistance and the mechanisms involved. Male Wistar rats were allocated into three groups: 16 – 30 weeks feeding with either standard rat chow or a high-caloric diet, or 6 – 10 weeks feeding with standard rat chow. Ventricular cardiomyocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion digestion, and glucose uptake was determined by 2-[3H]-deoxyglucose accumulation. Viability was tested by trypan blue exclusion or propidium iodide staining. The high-caloric diet significantly increased body weight gain (508.5 ± 50.0 vs. 417.3 ± 40.0 g), visceral adiposity (42.30 ± 10.1 vs. 21.75 ± 7.0 g), and fasting blood glucose (5.7 ± 0.4 vs. 4.7 ± 0.1 mM). Aspalathin (10 µM for 90 min) induced 2-[3H]-deoxyglucose uptake in young cardiomyocytes (37.2 ± 13.9 vs. 25.7 ± 2.5 pmol 2-[3H]-deoxyglucose/mg protein) and enhanced insulin-mediated 2-[3H]-deoxyglucose uptake in control cells (32.4 ± 6.4 vs. 23.5 ± 10.0 pmol 2-[3H]-deoxyglucose/mg protein), but failed to induce 2-[3H]-deoxyglucose uptake in high-caloric diet cells. Aspalathin induced glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive cardiomyocytes from young and aged rats, but not in high-caloric diet animals and enhanced the actions of insulin through a PI3K-dependent mechanism, resulting in an additive response.
Conformational and chemical selection by atrans-acting editing domain
Authors: Danhart Eric M. , Bakhtina Marina , Cantara William A. , Kuzmishin Alexandra B. , Ma Xiao , Sanford Brianne L. , Vargas-Rodriguez Oscar , Košutić Marija , Goto Yuki , Suga Hiroaki , Nakanishi Kotaro , Micura Ronald , Foster Mark P. , Musier-Forsyth Karin 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceCharging of tRNAs with the wrong amino acid can result in mistranslation of protein-encoding genes. Proofreading by tRNA editing domains clears these mischarged tRNAs, ensuring fidelity; however, structures of complexes with mischarged substrates are not currently available, and many mechanistic questions remain unanswered. ProXp-ala, present in all domains of life, selectively removes Ala from tRNAPro, leaving the cognate Pro-tRNAProintact. A chemically synthesized nonhydrolyzable substrate analog has allowed characterization of the enzyme-substrate complex using NMR spectroscopy. Based on NMR studies, mutagenesis, enzymatic assays, molecular dynamics, and X-ray crystallography, we conclude that ProXp-ala uses multiple strategies, including conformational selection by a dynamic helix, size exclusion, and chemical discrimination, to ensure editing solely of Ala-tRNAPro.
Trajectories of Cannabis use Beginning in Adolescence Associated with Symptoms of Posttraumatic stress Disorder in the Mid-Thirties
Authors: Lee Jung Yeon , Brook Judith S. , Finch Stephen J. , Brook David W. 
Published: August 2017

Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are related to a number of adverse consequences such as substance use and general medical conditions. The present longitudinal study seeks to find the longitudinal patterns of cannabis use as precursors of PTSD symptoms. Such information will serve as a guide for intervention programs for PTSD. Methods Growth mixture modeling was conducted to identify the cannabis use trajectory groups using a community sample of 674 participants (53% African Americans, 47% Hispanics of Puerto Rican decent; 60% females) from the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between earlier trajectories of cannabis use (ages 14 to 36) and later symptoms of PTSD (at age 36) for the full model including the entire sample ( N = 674) as well as the reduced model including only participants who had experienced a traumatic event ( n = 205). Results Five trajectory groups of cannabis use were obtained. The chronic use group (full model: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.68, P < .01; reduced model: AOR = 4.27, P < .05), the late quitting group (full model: AOR = 6.18, P < .01; reduced model: AOR = 6.67, P < .01), and the moderate use group (full model: AOR = 3.97, P < .01; reduced model: AOR = 3.32, P < .05) were all associated with an increased likelihood of having PTSD symptoms at age 36 compared with the no use group. Conclusions The findings provide information that PTSD symptoms in the mid-30s can possibly be reduced by decreasing membership in the chronic cannabis use trajectory group, the late quitting trajectory group, and the moderate cannabis use trajectory group.
Metabolic Syndrome among Individuals with Heroin use Disorders on Methadone Therapy: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Related Factors
Authors: Vallecillo Gabriel , Robles María José , Torrens Marta , Samos Pilar , Roquer Albert , Martires Paula K. , Sanvisens Arantza , Muga Roberto , Pedro-Botet Juan 
Published: August 2017

Background Observational studies have reported a high prevalence of obesity and diabetes in subjects on methadone therapy; there are, however, limited data about metabolic syndrome. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related factors in individuals with heroin use disorder on methadone therapy. Methods A cross-sectional study in individuals with heroin use disorder on methadone therapy at a drug abuse outpatient center. Medical examinations and laboratory analyses after a 12-hour overnight fast were recorded. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. Results One hundred and twenty-two subjects were included, with a mean age of 46.1 ± 9 years, a median body mass index (BMI) of 25.3 kg/m2 (interquartile range [IQR]: 21.2–28), and 77.9% were men. Median exposure to methadone therapy was 13 years (IQR: 5–20). Overweight and obesity were present in 29.5% and 17.2% of the participants, respectively. Metabolic syndrome components were low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (51.6%), hypertriglyceridemia (36.8%), high blood pressure (36.8%), abdominal obesity (27.0%), and raised blood glucose levels (18.0%). Abdominal obesity was more prevalent in women (52% vs. 20%, P = >0.01) and high blood pressure more prevalent in men (41.1% vs. 22.2%, P = .07). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 29.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.6–31.8). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, BMI (per 1 kg/m2 increase odds ratio [OR]: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.27–1.76) and exposure time to methadone therapy (per 5 years of treatment increase OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.28–1.48) were associated with metabolic syndrome. Conclusions Overweight and metabolic syndrome are prevalent findings in individuals with heroin use disorder on methadone therapy. Of specific concern is the association of methadone exposure with metabolic syndrome. Preventive measures and clinical routine screening should be recommended to prevent metabolic syndrome in subjects on methadone therapy.
Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study in Israel
Authors: Raz Raanan , Levine Hagai , Pinto Ofir , Broday David M , Yuval  , Weisskopf Marc G 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that perinatal air pollutant exposures are associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but evidence for traffic pollutants outside the United States is inconclusive. We assessed the association between nitrogen dioxide, a traffic pollution tracer, and risk of ASD. We conducted a nested case-control study among the entire population of children born during 2005–2009 in the central coastal area of Israel. Cases were identified through the National Insurance Institute of Israel (n = 2,098). Controls were a 20% random sample of the remaining children (n = 54,191). Exposure was based on an optimized dispersion model. We estimated adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression and a distributed-lag model. In models mutually adjusted for the 2 periods, the odds ratio per 5.85-parts per billion (ppb) increment of nitrogen dioxide exposure during pregnancy (median, 16.8 ppb; range, 7.5–31.2 ppb) was 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.59, 1.00), and the odds ratio for exposure during the 9 months after birth was 1.40 (95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.80). A distributed-lag model revealed reduced risk around week 13 of pregnancy and elevated risk around week 26 after birth. These findings suggest that postnatal exposure to nitrogen dioxide in Israel is associated with increased odds of ASD, and prenatal exposure with lower odds. The latter may relate to selection effects.
The Politics of Buying, Boycotting, Complaining, and Disputing: An Extension of the Research Program by Jung, Garbarino, Briley, and Wynhausen
Authors: Jost John T , Langer Melanie , Singh Vishal 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Research in political psychology indicates that liberals are less motivated than conservatives by epistemic, existential, and relational needs to reduce uncertainty, threat, and social discord, and are therefore more prone to challenge the status quo. In a compelling extension of this work into the field of consumer behavior, Jung, Garbarino, Briley, and Wynhausen (this issue) demonstrate that people residing in more liberal (vs. conservative) areas register more complaints with the US Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Federal Communications Commission, and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and dispute more resolutions offered in response to their complaints. Furthermore, liberals were found to object more strongly to the hypothetical imposition of an unanticipated banking fee, and this effect was mediated by system justification. Inspired by Jung and colleagues, we investigated the hypothesis that liberals would also be more likely to buy and boycott consumer products for political reasons. We analyzed data from the American National Election Studies and European Social Surveys and discovered that, even after we adjusted for demographic factors, liberals in the United States and leftists in all 15 European countries were more likely than conservatives and rightists to report having bought a product—or refrained from buying a product—for political reasons.
Convective–reactive nucleosynthesis of K, Sc, Cl and p-process isotopes in O–C shell mergers
Authors: Ritter C , Andrassy R , Côté B , Herwig F , Woodward P R , Pignatari M , Jones S 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We address the deficiency of odd-Z elements P, Cl, K and Sc in Galactic chemical evolution models through an investigation of the nucleosynthesis of interacting convective O and C shells in massive stars. 3D hydrodynamic simulations of O-shell convection with moderate C-ingestion rates show no dramatic deviation from spherical symmetry. We derive a spherically averaged diffusion coefficient for 1D nucleosynthesis simulations, which show that such convective–reactive ingestion events can be a production site for P, Cl, K and Sc. An entrainment rate of 10−3 M⊙ s−1 features overproduction factors OPs ≈ 7. Full O–C shell mergers in our 1D stellar evolution massive star models have overproduction factors OPm &gt; 1 dex but for such cases 3D hydrodynamic simulations suggest deviations from spherical symmetry. γ-process species can be produced with overproduction factors of OPm &gt; 1 dex, for example, for 130, 132Ba. Using the uncertain prediction of the 15 M⊙, Z = 0.02 massive star model (OPm ≈ 15) as representative for merger or entrainment convective–reactive events involving O- and C-burning shells, and assume that such events occur in more than 50 per cent of all stars, our chemical evolution models reproduce the observed Galactic trends of the odd-Z elements.
Prosthetic Joint Infection Due to Histoplasma capsulatum Complicating a Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Nowbakht Cima , Garrity Katherine , Webber Nicholas , Eraso Jairo , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHistoplasmosis is a common pathogen but rarely reported in prosthetic joint infections. We present a case of Histoplasmosis capsulatum prosthetic joint infection along with a literature review revealing no guidelines or consensus on surgical and antifungal management. We chose the 2-stage management with an antifungal spacer and systemic oral itraconazole.
Can Use of Viral Load Improve Norovirus Clinical Diagnosis and Disease Attribution?
Authors: Shioda Kayoko , Barclay Leslie , Becker-Dreps Sylvia , Bucardo-Rivera Filemon , Cooper Philip J , Payne Daniel C , Vinjé Jan , Lopman Benjamin A 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the state-of-the-art diagnostic for norovirus. Cycle threshold (Ct), an indicator of viral load, may be associated with symptomatic disease as well as demographic and outbreak characteristics.

Methods
Data on (1) outbreak and sporadic cases and (2) asymptomatic controls in the United States and Latin America were analyzed. With multivariate regression models, we assessed relationships between various factors and Ct values, and we calculated odds ratios (ORs) for the presence of symptoms and attributable fractions of norovirus. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed to define an optimal Ct cutoff to identify disease-causing infections.

Results
Cycle threshold values were lower (ie, higher viral loads) among symptomatic cases (model-adjusted mean ± standard error: 25.3 ± 1.2) compared with asymptomatic controls (28.5 ± 1.4). Cycle threshold values were significantly different across age groups, norovirus genogroups, timing of specimen collection, outbreak settings, and transmission modes. Genogroup II (GII) Ct values were associated with presence of symptoms (OR = 1.1), allowing us to estimate that 16% of diarrheal disease was attributable to norovirus. The optimized Ct cutoff led to poor sensitivity and specificity for genogroup I and GII.

Conclusions
Cycle threshold values were associated with host, pathogen, and outbreak factors. Cycle threshold values may not effectively distinguish disease-causing infection for individual patients, but they are useful for epidemiological studies aiming to attribute disease.
Giant H i hole inside the 3 kpc ring and the North Polar Spur—The Galactic crater
Authors: Sofue Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Applying a newly developed tangent-circle method (TCM), we derive a volume density map of H i gas in the inner Galaxy as a function of galactocentric distance R and height Z. The H i hole around the Galactic Center (GC) is shown to have a crater-shaped wall, which coincides with the brightest ridge of the North Polar Spur and emanates from the 3 kpc expanding ring. The crater structure is explained by sweeping of the halo gas by a shock-wave from the GC. The unperturbed H i halo outside 3 kpc is shown to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, obeying the sech2Z/h density law with a scale height h ∼ 450 pc.
Cost-Effectiveness of Health Coaching
Authors: Hale Rachel , Giese Jeannie 
Published: August 2017

Purpose/Objectives:
The purpose of this review was to evaluate published literature to distinguish how health coaching influences the cost of chronic disease management in insured adults with chronic conditions.

Primary Practice Setting:
An integrated literature review was conducted. MEDLINE, Business Source Complete, and OneSearch were searched for the years 2001–2016 utilizing the following key words: health coaching, health coaching AND insurance companies, health coaching AND cost, health coaching AND health insurance, and health coaching AND insurance cost. A total of 67 articles met inclusion criteria and were assessed for applicability. Of those, 27 articles were found to be relevant to the research question. The practice settings of these articles are mostly primary care and wellness programs.

Findings/Conclusions:
Throughout the literature, health coaching has been found effective in chronic disease management such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Studies evaluating the cost-effectiveness of health coaching are limited. The current literature does not clearly demonstrate that health coaching lowers expenditures and patient copayments in the short term but projects future savings.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
Health coaching has the potential to improve chronic disease management and lower health care expenditures. Further long-term research is needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of health coaching. It has been projected that the cost-effectiveness of health coaching will be long-term or over 12 months after initiating the health coaching program.
The Effect of Single-Scan and Scan-Pair Intensity Inhomogeneity Correction Methods on Repeatability of Voxel-Based Morphometry With Multiple Magnetic Resonance Scanners
Authors: Goto Masami , Yamashita Fumio , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Abe Osamu , Aoki Shigeki , Miyati Tosiaki , Gomi Tsutomu , Takeda Tohoru 
Published: August 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of single-scan and scan-pair intensity inhomogeneity correction methods on the repeatability of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using images acquired with multiple magnetic resonance (MR) scanners.

Methods
Three-dimensional T1-weighed MR images of the brain were obtained from 22 healthy participants using each of 5 MR scanners, yielding 110 images (5 scanners × 22 subjects) in total. Six patterns of intensity inhomogeneity corrections (no correction, single-scan corrections, and scan-pair correction, and their combinations) were applied in the VBM procedure to investigate the effect of the corrections on the repeatability of gray and white matter volume measurements.

Results
Single-scan and scan-pair intensity inhomogeneity corrections significantly reduced the variance in spatially normalized gray and white matter volumes. However, combining the 2 methods did not significantly improve the repeatability when evaluated as whole brain.

Conclusions
Single-scan and scan-pair intensity inhomogeneity corrections improved the repeatability of gray and white matter volumes obtained by multiple MR scanners and assessed by VBM.
Sarcopenia increases risk of long-term mortality in elderly patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery
Authors: Rangel Erika L. , Rios-Diaz Arturo J. , Uyeda Jennifer W. , Castillo-Angeles Manuel , Cooper Zara , Olufajo Olubode A. , Salim Ali , Sodickson Aaron D. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND
Frailty is associated with poor surgical outcomes in elderly patients but is difficult to measure in the emergency setting. Sarcopenia, or the loss of lean muscle mass, is a surrogate for frailty and can be measured using cross-sectional imaging. We sought to determine the impact of sarcopenia on 1-year mortality after emergency abdominal surgery in elderly patients.

METHODS
Sarcopenia was assessed in patients 70 years or older who underwent emergency abdominal surgery at a single hospital from 2006 to 2011. Average bilateral psoas muscle cross-sectional area at L3, normalized for height (Total Psoas Index [TPI]), was calculated using computed tomography. Sarcopenia was defined as TPI in the lowest sex-specific quartile. Primary outcome was mortality at 1 year. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and mortality at 30, 90, and 180 days. The association of sarcopenia with mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression and model performance judged using Harrell's C-statistic.

RESULTS
Two hundred ninety-seven of 390 emergency abdominal surgery patients had preoperative imaging and height. The median age was 79 years, and 1-year mortality was 32%. Sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic patients were comparable in age, sex, race, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, procedure urgency and type, operative severity, and need for discharge to a nursing facility. Sarcopenic patients had lower body mass index, greater need for intensive care, and longer hospital length of stay (p < 0.05). Sarcopenia was independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality (risk ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–3.7) and mortality at 30 days (hazard ratio [HR], 3.7; 95% CI, 1.9–7.4), 90 days (HR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.8–6.0), 180 days (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.4–4.4), and 1 year (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4–3.9).

CONCLUSION
Sarcopenia is associated with increased risk of mortality over 1 year in elderly patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery. Sarcopenia defined by TPI is a simple and objective measure of frailty that identifies vulnerable patients for improved preoperative counseling, setting realistic goals of care, and consideration of less invasive approaches.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic study, level III.