bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public procurement reform in the EU: start of a new era?
Authors: Torvatn Tim , de Boer Luitzen 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the reform of public purchasing directives initiated by the European Union (EU) and discuss them in light of the criticism against existing public purchasing directives.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review of empirical articles is critical to existing public purchasing directives to summarize the main directions and categories of their criticism, and a thorough reading of the proposed reform of the public purchasing directives is carried out to see if the changes will answer some or all of the criticism directed toward the public purchasing directives.

Findings
The reforms seem to be a step in the right direction, particularly with respect to public organizations possibility to support innovation and new product and service development, but little change in the possibilities for development of strategic, long-term relationships.

Research limitations/implications
The reform has just been introduced, and so the analysis of the possible effects of the reform is not based on empirical data (since such data do not exist yet), but mostly on the authors experience in the field and through a comparison with selected literature.

Originality/value
An early assessment of the possible effects of the reform regarding public procurement directives in the EU area is introduced.
Shifting the balance of care…and making the money add up
Authors: Wilderspin John 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
A critical commentary on policy and practice over time in English health and social care. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
Personal reflections based on prior experience as a senior leader in the English health and care system, combined with insights and relevant evidence from other senior leaders and health and care “think-tanks”.

Findings
Shifting the balance of care from a hospital to a community setting can potentially be cost-effective as well as improving quality for service users. However, it will require a change in the approach to planning and implementation, by focussing on service users and communities, rather than on statutory organisations. It will also require a greater level of integration between primary care, community health services, social care and the voluntary sector, and greater levels of “co-production” with service users and the public.

Research limitations/implications
Front-line health and care leaders are generally unaware of the evidence base in this field. Emergent findings in this field need to be rapidly evaluated and then communicated to front-line leaders and practitioners.

Originality/value
Incorporates direct experience of senior leaders in the field together with the existing and emerging evidence base.
Professionals’ views on integrated care
Authors: Jolanki Outi , Tynkkynen Liina-Kaisa , Sinervo Timo 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Integrated care policies have been at the heart of recent health reforms in many European countries. The purpose of this paper is to study the integration from the perspective of health care personnel working in primary health care clinics.

Design/methodology/approach
The study employs data from interviews collected in a research project examining patient choice and integrated care in primary health care clinics in Finland. The interviews were conducted in five cities in Southern Finland in 17 primary health care clinics in Autumn 2014. Among the interviewees there were both doctors (n=32) and nurses (n=31).

Findings
The typical problems hindering integration were, according to the workers, poor communication and insufficient information exchange between professionals, unclear definition of responsibilities between professionals, and lacking contacts and information exchange between health and social care professionals. To secure availability and continuity of care, doctors and nurses did extra work and exceeded their duties or invented ad hoc solutions to solve the problem at hand. According to professionals, patients were forced to take an active role as coordinator of their own care when responsibilities were not clearly defined between professionals.

Originality/value
This paper highlights that successful integration requires taking into account the requirements of the day-to-day work of health care clinics, and clarifying what facilitates and what hinders practical collaboration between different actors in health care and between health care and other service providers.
Neonicotinoid insecticides differently modulate acetycholine‐induced currents on mammalian α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Cartereau Alison , Martin Carine , Thany Steeve H 
Published: August 2017

Background and PurposeNeonicotinoid insecticides are described as poor agonists of mammalian nicotinic ACh receptors. In this paper, we show that their effects on mammalian nicotinic receptors differ between compounds.Experimental ApproachTwo‐electrode voltage‐clamp electrophysiology was used to characterize the pharmacology of three neonicotinoid insecticides on nicotinic α7 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Single and combined application of clothianidin, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam were tested.ResultsTwo neonicotinoid insecticides, clothianidin and acetamiprid, were partial agonists of mammalian neuronal α7 nicotinic receptors, whereas another neonicotinoid insecticide, thiamethoxam, which is converted to clothianidin in insect and plant tissues, had no effect. Pretreatment with clothianidin and acetamiprid (10 μM) ACh significantly enhanced the subsequent currents evoked by ACh (100 μM ) whereas pretreatment with thiamethoxam (10 μM) reduced ACh‐induced current amplitudes.A combination of the three neonicotinoids decreased the ACh‐evoked currents.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe present findings suggest that neonicotinoid insecticides differ markedly in their direct effects on mammalian α7 nicotinic ACh receptors and can also modulate ACh‐induced currents. Furthermore, our data indicate a previously unknown modulation of mammalian α7 nicotinic receptors by a combination of clothianidin, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.11/issuetoc
Transcrestal sinus floor augmentation with immediate implant placement applied in three types of fresh extraction sockets: A clinical prospective study with 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Chen Yaqian , Yuan Shanshan , Zhou Nan , Man Yi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundImmediate implant insertion and transcrestal sinus augmentation both can provide a lot of advantages for patients and clinicians.ObjectiveThis prospective study aims to verify the use of a modified technique for immediate implant insertion simultaneously with sinus augmentation in different types of sockets.Materials and methodsThirty‐seven patients were recruited for the clinical study and were divided into 3 groups according to the relationship of their maxillary molar roots and sinus floor: group 1 with none of the teeth roots contacts sinus floor; group 2 as at least 1 teeth root contacting sinus floor, but no root is observed penetrating into sinus cavity; group 3 with at least 1 teeth root penetrating into sinus cavity. Implants were inserted after transcrestal sinus floor augmentation and immediately after tooth extraction. The change of mucosa thickness, diagnosis of rhinosinusitis, marginal bone loss (MBL), pocket depth (PD), and sulcus bleeding index were examined through radiographic measurement or clinical monitoring.ResultDuring the study period, no implants failed. The relationship of the root of maxillary molars and sinus floor may have an effect on the bone height of the interradicular crest. Sinus mucosa was observed thicker after surgery. After healing period, sinus mucosa returned as thin as presurgery. At the time of 1‐year follow‐up, MBL was measured on X‐ray (group 1: mesial: 0.63 ± 0.20 mm, distal: 0.70 ± 0.14 mm; group 2: mesial: 0.67 ± 0.21, distal: 0.65 ± 0.22 mm; group 3: mesial: 0.70 ± 0.15 mm, distal: 0.73 ± 0.19 mm). No statistical difference was found in MBL and PD as well as bleeding index among 3 groups.ConclusionIn consideration of the advantages of sinus floor augmentation and immediate implant placement, our clinical result confirms that it is promising to combine the 2 techniques for replacing maxillary molars especially when using residual roots as implant orientation and taking full advantage of the interradicular crest bone.
Effects of animal species and diet composition on long‐chain alcohol faecal recoveries and accuracy of subsequent diet composition estimates
Authors: Ferreira L. M. M. , López López C. , Celaya R. , Osoro K. , Rodrigues M. A. M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLong‐chain alcohols (LCOH) were evaluated as markers to estimate diet composition of ruminant species fed with two distinct diets composed of herbage and “heather” (Ericaceae species). Diet composition was estimated using LCOH, combined or not with n‐alkanes and/or long‐chain fatty acids (LCFA), by least‐squares procedures, using faecal concentrations corrected or not for their incomplete recovery. The effect of grouping plant species with similar marker profiles and the impact of feeding selectivity (FS) within the dietary group on the accuracy of diet composition estimates were also evaluated. Results showed the usefulness of LCOH as diet composition markers. The LCOH were incompletely recovered in the faeces of all animal species and tended to increase with carbon‐chain length in a curvilinear manner in cattle and sheep, whereas in goats this association was better described by a linear function. Accuracy of estimates was higher when LCOH and n‐alkane markers were combined. For all marker types, results indicated that a correction of marker faecal concentrations to incomplete faecal recovery is needed to obtain accurate diet composition estimates. Grouping plant species with similar marker profiles improved the accuracy of estimates, whereas combination of marker types minimized the FS effect within the dietary group.
Measuring Smart Land Use in Urban–Rural Regions of China: A Case Study of Pukou, Nanjing City
Authors: Wei Cao , Shenglu Zhou , Shaohua Wu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article expands the study of smart growth from urban space to urban–rural regions based on land use. It analyses smart land use in urban–rural regions. The study sets up an integrated measure indicator system of smart land use in urban–rural regions, which consisted of three subsystems: land amount controls, land form compactness, and land use efficiency. As a case study, the system was used to measure the smart land use in the Pukou District of Nanjing City, an area with intensive urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta of China. The results show that smart land use in the investigated area is increasing year by year, but it remains to be further improved. The integrated measure indicator system of smart land use in urban–rural regions is effective for measuring the level and status of regional smart land use.
Jaw sensorimotor control in healthy adults and effects of ageing
Authors: Avivi‐Arber L. , Sessle B. J. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe oro‐facial sensorimotor system is a unique system significantly distinguished from the spinal sensorimotor system. The jaw muscles are involved in mastication, swallowing and articulatory speech movements and their integration with respiration. These sensorimotor functions are vital for sustaining life and necessitate complex neuromuscular processing to provide for exquisite sensorimotor control of numerous oro‐facial muscles. The function of the jaw muscles in relation to sensorimotor control of these movements may be subject to ageing‐related declines. This review will focus on peripheral, brainstem and higher brain centre mechanisms involved in reflex regulation and sensorimotor coordination and control of jaw muscles in healthy adults. It will outline the limited literature bearing on age‐related declines in jaw sensorimotor functions and control including reduced biting forces and increased risk of impaired chewing, speaking and swallowing. The mechanisms underlying these alterations include age‐related degenerative changes within the peripheral neuromuscular system and in brain regions involved in the generation and control of jaw movements. In the light of the vital role of jaw sensorimotor functions in sustaining life, normal ageing involves compensatory mechanisms that utilise the neuroplastic capacity of the brain and the recruitment of additional brain regions involved in sensorimotor performance and closely associated functions (e.g. cognition and memory). However, these regions are themselves susceptible to detrimental age‐related changes. Thus, better understanding of the peripheral and central mechanisms underlying age‐related sensorimotor impairment is crucial for developing improved treatment approaches to prevent or cure impaired jaw sensorimotor functions and to thereby improve health and quality of life.
What role does performance information play in securing improvement in healthcare? a conceptual framework for levers of change
Authors: Levesque Jean-Frederic , Sutherland Kim 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveAcross healthcare systems, there is consensus on the need for independent and impartial assessment of performance. There is less agreement about how measurement and reporting performance improves healthcare. This paper draws on academic theories to develop a conceptual framework—one that classifies in an integrated manner the ways in which change can be leveraged by healthcare performance information.MethodsA synthesis of published frameworks.ResultsThe framework identifies eight levers for change enabled by performance information, spanning internal and external drivers, and emergent and planned processes: (1) cognitive levers provide awareness and understanding; (2) mimetic levers inform about the performance of others to encourage emulation; (3) supportive levers provide facilitation, implementation tools or models of care to actively support change; (4) formative levers develop capabilities and skills through teaching, mentoring and feedback; (5) normative levers set performance against guidelines, standards, certification and accreditation processes; (6) coercive levers use policies, regulations incentives and disincentives to force change; (7) structural levers modify the physical environment or professional cultures and routines; (8) competitive levers attract patients or funders.ConclusionThis framework highlights how performance measurement and reporting can contribute to eight different levers for change. It provides guidance into how to align performance measurement and reporting into quality improvement programme.
Determining the sample size required to establish whether a medical device is non-inferior to an external benchmark
Authors: Sayers Adrian , Crowther Michael J , Judge Andrew , Whitehouse Michael R , Blom Ashley W 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesThe use of benchmarks to assess the performance of implants such as those used in arthroplasty surgery is a widespread practice. It provides surgeons, patients and regulatory authorities with the reassurance that implants used are safe and effective. However, it is not currently clear how or how many implants should be statistically compared with a benchmark to assess whether or not that implant is superior, equivalent, non-inferior or inferior to the performance benchmark of interest.We aim to describe the methods and sample size required to conduct a one-sample non-inferiority study of a medical device for the purposes of benchmarking.DesignSimulation study.SettingSimulation study of a national register of medical devices.MethodsWe simulated data, with and without a non-informative competing risk, to represent an arthroplasty population and describe three methods of analysis (z-test, 1−Kaplan-Meier and competing risks) commonly used in surgical research.Primary outcomeWe evaluate the performance of each method using power, bias, root-mean-square error, coverage and CI width.Results1−Kaplan-Meier provides an unbiased estimate of implant net failure, which can be used to assess if a surgical device is non-inferior to an external benchmark. Small non-inferiority margins require significantly more individuals to be at risk compared with current benchmarking standards.ConclusionA non-inferiority testing paradigm provides a useful framework for determining if an implant meets the required performance defined by an external benchmark. Current contemporary benchmarking standards have limited power to detect non-inferiority, and substantially larger samples sizes, in excess of 3200 procedures, are required to achieve a power greater than 60%. It is clear when benchmarking implant performance, net failure estimated using 1−KM is preferential to crude failure estimated by competing risk models.
Does ‘Time Together’ increase quality of interaction and decrease stress? A study protocol of a multisite nursing intervention in psychiatric inpatient care, using a mixed method approach
Authors: Molin Jenny , Lindgren Britt-Marie , Graneheim Ulla Hällgren , Ringnér Anders 
Published: August 2017

IntroductionDespite the long-known significance of the nurse–patient relationship, research in psychiatric inpatient care still reports unfulfilled expectations of, and difficulties in, interactions and relationships between patients and staff. Interventions that create structures to allow quality interactions between patients and staff are needed to solve these problems. The aim of this project is to test effects of the nursing intervention Time Together and to evaluate the intervention process.Methods and analysisThis is a multisite study with a single-system experimental design using frequent measures. The primary outcomes are quality interactions for patients and perceived stress for staff. Secondary outcomes are levels of symptoms of anxiety and depression for patients and stress of conscience for staff. A process evaluation is performed to describe contextual factors and experiences. Data are collected using questionnaires, participant observations and semistructured interviews. For analysis of quantitative data, both visual and statistical methods will be used. Qualitative data will be analysed using qualitative content analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Ethical Review Board in the region (Dnr 2016/339-31). The findings will contribute to the development of nursing interventions in general, but more specifically to the development of the intervention. This is relevant both nationally and internationally as similar interventions are needed but sparse. The findings will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT02981563
Gender and psychosocial factors associated with healthy lifestyle in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Patrão Ana Luísa , Almeida Maria da Conceição , Matos Sheila Maria Alvim , Chor Dora , Aquino Estela M. L. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesIt has been estimated that over 50% of the premature deaths occurring in Western countries can be attributed to causes rooted in lifestyle. In turn, leading a healthy lifestyle has also been associated with a wide range of psychosocial factors. Today, it is known that these differ among men and women. The present article aimed to identify, from a gender-based perspective, the psychosocial factors associated with healthy lifestyles in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort, the largest study concerning adult health conducted in Latin America to date.DesignThis cross-sectional study was conducted using ELSA-Brasil baseline data, collected between 2008 and 2010.SettingSix Brazilian public higher education and research institutions.ParticipantsThe ELSA-Brasil cohort consists of approximately 15 000 employees (8218 women and 6887 men), both currently working and retired.Main outcome measuresThe lifestyle indicator was constructed by summing the scores attributed to four different behaviours.ResultsThe women of the ELSA-Brasil cohort have healthier lifestyles than men. In women, strong associations were found between a healthy lifestyle and age 60 years or older, Asian race and university level of education or higher. In men, being 60 years or older, of Asian or Caucasian race, having a high-school equivalent level of education or higher, being retired, having a housekeeper, having a good or very good self-perception of health and being satisfied with body image were the psychosocial factors associated with leading a healthy lifestyle.ConclusionsThe factors that influenced healthy lifestyles were found to differ among men and women, a fact that must be addressed when developing programmes designed to promote health.
Mortality and risk of cardiac complications among immediate survivors of accidental electric shock: a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Hansen Steen Møller , Riahi Sam , Hjortshøj Søren , Mortensen Rikke , Køber Lars , Søgaard Peter , Torp-Pedersen Christian 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveExposure to electric shock has been associated with an increased risk of developing delayed cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac diseases. We examined whether electric shock patients have an increased risk of developing cardiac disease, cardiac arrhythmias or death compared with the general Danish population.DesignMatched cohort study.SettingA nationwide study in Denmark from 1994 to 2011.ParticipantsWe identified 11 462 Danish patients who visited an emergency ward or were admitted to a hospital due to electric shock from 1994 to 2011. Each patient was matched for age and sex with five random controls from the Danish population.Main outcome measuresMortality, cardiac procedures and cardiac diseases following electric shock.ResultsA total of 7390 electric shock patients were seen at an emergency ward and 4072 electric shock patients were admitted to a hospital. The median patient age was 28.6 years (Q1–Q3, 21.3–37.7) for the emergency ward patients and 26.4 years (Q1–Q3, 18.3–37.4) for admitted patients. In both groups, most patients were male (74.0% and 76.8%). Few of the electric shock patients had a record of cardiovascular disease at baseline (364/11 462, 3.2%). The 5-year cumulative incidence of death was 0.47% (95% CI 0.29% to 0.65%) for emergency ward patients and 1.04% (95% CI 0.71% to 1.37%) for admitted patients. No difference in 5-year survival was observed compared with matched controls (emergency ward, p=0.10; admitted patients, p=0.80). Fewer than four patients received a pacemaker within 30 days.ConclusionsThis nationwide study did not demonstrate an increase in mortality among patients seen at hospitals after accidental electric shock compared with a background population. Cardiac procedures and diseases following electric shock were very rare. We suggest that nearly all patients can be discharged safely from the emergency room after electric shock without further observation.