bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of flumazenil injection for the reversal of midazolam sedation after elective outpatient endoscopy
Authors: Lee Sang Pyo , Sung In‐Kyung , Kim Jeong Hwan , Lee Sun‐Young , Park Hyung Seok , Shim Chan Sup 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVEMidazolam sedation during elective endoscopy is widely performed and flumazenil is frequently administered after endoscopy to reverse sedation in clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of flumazenil injections after elective endoscopy under midazolam sedation.METHODSParticipants who underwent an upper endoscopy under midazolam sedation were randomly divided into two groups. In group I, flumazenil was administered i.v. 10 min after the patient's transfer to the recovery room, and no antidote was injected in group II. The time of stay in the recovery room and adverse events were reviewed through the nursing records. We asked the patients about their pain and degree of satisfaction according to a visual analogue scale (VAS), their memory of the procedure, mental status and the presence of uncomfortable symptoms on the day of the procedure and the day afterwards.RESULTSThe length of stay in recovery was significantly shorter in group I than in group II. No significant differences were found in the number of patients with pain (VAS ≥1), adverse events and discomfort between the two groups. Additionally, there were no differences in the patients’ memory of the procedure, satisfaction with sedation, willingness to repeat the endoscopy and mental status.CONCLUSIONSThe time in the recovery room after flumazenil administration was significantly shortened, and the use of the drug did not increase the risk of adverse events or discomfort. The use of flumazenil for reversing midazolam sedation seems to be safe and effective.
The Grieving Nursing Diagnoses in the Primary Healthcare Setting
Authors: Rodríguez‐Álvaro M. , Brito‐Brito P. R. , García‐Hernández A. M. , Aguirre‐Jaime A. , Fernandez‐Gutierrez D. A. 
Published: January 2018

PURPOSETo estimate the prevalence of Grieving, risk for Complicated Grieving, and Complicated Grieving in the primary care setting.METHODSRetrospective epidemiological study, analyzing data from electronic health records (EHR).FINDINGSA total of 84% of the 9,063 records had diagnostic labels without defining characteristics, related factors, or risk factors. A larger frequency of complicated grieving was found in deceased mourners.CONCLUSIONSThe grieving epidemiology opens new chances for the research using data from EHR.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONSThe adequacy of the records is essential to develop a profile of the patient at risk of complications after the loss.This research is an important step to build an epidemiological basis for nursing diagnosis of grieving in the primary health care setting.
Seminal SIRT1 expression in infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men with varicocoele
Authors: Mostafa T. , Nabil N. , Rashed L. , Makeen K. , El‐Kasas M. A. , Mohamaed H. A. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIn a case‐controlled study, we assessed the expressed seminal NAD‐dependent protein deacetylase (SIRT1) expression in infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) men associated with varicocoele. Our study involved 81 men, recruited from the University hospitals, after ethical approval and informed consent. They were allocated into fertile normozoospermic men (n = 23), infertile OAT men without varicocoele (n = 23) and infertile OAT men with varicocoele (n = 35). Inclusion criteria consisted of confirmation of abnormal semen parameters and normal female partners whereas exclusion criteria were leukocytospermia, tobacco smoking, hormonal therapy, immunological disorders, dyslipidemia, hypogonadism, cardiovascular disorders, morbid obesity, and hepatic or renal failures. All participants had an interview to assess clinical history, clinical examination, semen analysis, and estimation of seminal SIRT1 expression. Seminal SIRT1 expression was significantly lower in infertile OAT men than fertile men. Among infertile OAT men, seminal SIRT1 expression was significantly lower in those with varicocoele than in those without. Additionally, seminal SIRT1 expression was significantly lower in varicocoele grade III cases compared with other grades. Seminal SIRT1 expression was positively correlated with sperm concentration (r = 0.327, p = 0.001), total sperm motility (r = 0.532, p = 0.001), and sperm normal forms (r = 0.469, p = 0.001). Our results suggest that seminal SIRT1 expression has a role of male infertility being significantly decreased in infertile OAT men in general and in infertile OAT men associated with varicocoele in particular.
Predicting corticosteroid‐free endoscopic remission with vedolizumab in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Waljee A. K. , Liu B. , Sauder K. , Zhu J. , Govani S. M. , Stidham R. W. , Higgins P. D. R. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundVedolizumab is an effective therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC), but costly and slow to work. New clinical responses occur after 30 weeks of therapy.AimsTo enable physicians, patients, and insurers to predict whether a patient with UC will respond to vedolizumab at an early time point after starting therapy.MethodsThe clinical study data request website provided the phase 3 clinical trial data for vedolizumab. Random forest models were trained on 70% and tested on 30% of the data to predict corticosteroid‐free endoscopic remission at week 52. Models were constructed using baseline data, or data through week 6 of vedolizumab therapy from 491 subjects.ResultsThe AuROC for prediction of corticosteroid‐free endoscopic remission at week 52 using baseline data was only 0.62 (95% CI: 0.53‐0.72), but was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.65‐0.82) when using data through week 6. A total of 47% of subjects were predicted to be remitters, and 59% of these subjects achieved corticosteroid‐free endoscopic remission, in contrast to 21% of the predicted non‐remitters. A week 6 prediction using FCP ≤234 μg/g was nearly as accurate.ConclusionsA machine learning algorithm using laboratory data through week 6 of vedolizumab therapy was able to accurately identify which UC patients would achieve corticosteroid‐free endoscopic remission on vedolizumab at week 52. Application of this algorithm could have significant implications for clinical decisions on whom to continue on this costly medication when the benefits of the vedolizumab are not clinically apparent in the first 6 weeks of therapy.
Case of complete mesh migration into the stomach after mesh hiatoplasty for a hiatal hernia
Authors: Oguri Yohei , Cho Haruhiko , Yajima Kazuhito , Oohinata Ryouki , Iwasaki Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMesh migration is a rare complication of surgery for a hiatal hernia. Here, we present the case of a 72‐year‐old who complained of dysphasia and bodyweight loss. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed incarcerated mesh in the lumen of the esophagogastric junction. Surgery was performed under both endoscopy and laparoscopy, and the mesh was successfully removed via gastrostomy. To the best of our knowledge, our case is the first in which mesh that had migrated into the esophagogastric junction was removed by a combination of laparoscopic and endoscopic procedure, although the cases of 17 patients in which mesh migrated into the stomach after mesh hiatoplasty have previously been reported in the literature.
Social dominance orientation moderates the effectiveness of mindset messages
Authors: Hoyt Crystal L. , B. Forsyth Rachel , Burnette Jeni L. 
Published: January 2018

In this work, we examine whether differences in social dominance orientation (SDO) moderate the effectiveness of mindsets of intelligence messages. We suggest that SDO is a foundational ideological belief system, on which individuals vary, that maintains the desire to endorse fixed beliefs about the nature of human intelligence. Thus, attempts to change individuals’ mindsets should be met with resistance from those who strongly endorse the social dominance ideology – individuals high on SDO. In contrast, individuals low on SDO are less likely to use mindsets of intelligence to justify an ideological belief system, and thus, mindset manipulations should be effective for them. We test these predictions across three experimental studies (NStudy1 = 271, NStudy2 = 207, NStudy3 = 313). Across the studies, we find that individuals who are high, relative to low, on SDO have more fixed beliefs about the nature of intelligence and show smaller effects of manipulations of mindsets. However, when comparing to a control condition, there was no evidence that high‐SDO participants resisted the growth message that contradicts their ideology more than the fixed one that supports it; additionally, low‐SDO participants showed heightened responsiveness to a fixed message. We discuss implications for theoretical advances in our understanding of mindsets.
Acute ethanol exposure has bidirectional actions on the endogenous neuromodulator adenosine in rat hippocampus
Authors: Hughes Victoria , Richardson Magnus J E , Wall Mark J 
Published: January 2018

Background and PurposeEthanol is a widely used recreational drug with complex effects on physiological and pathological brain function. In epileptic patients, the use of ethanol can modify seizure initiation and subsequent seizure activity with reports of ethanol being both pro‐ and anticonvulsant. One proposed target of ethanol's actions is the neuromodulator adenosine, which is released during epileptic seizures to feedback and inhibit the occurrence of subsequent seizures. Here, we investigated the actions of acute ethanol exposure on adenosine signalling in rat hippocampus.Experimental ApproachWe have combined electrophysiology with direct measurements of extracellular adenosine using microelectrode biosensors in rat hippocampal slices.Key ResultsWe found that ethanol has bidirectional actions on adenosine signalling: depressant concentrations of ethanol (50 mM) increased the basal extracellular concentration of adenosine under baseline conditions, leading to the inhibition of synaptic transmission, but it inhibited adenosine release during evoked seizure activity in brain slices. The reduction in activity‐dependent adenosine release was in part produced by effects on NMDA receptors, although other mechanisms also appeared to be involved. Low concentrations of ethanol (10–15 mM) enhanced pathological network activity by selectively blocking activity‐dependent adenosine release.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe complex dose‐dependent actions of ethanol on adenosine signalling could in part explain the mixture of pro‐convulsant and anticonvulsant actions of ethanol that have previously been reported.
The Nature and Consequences of Essentialist Beliefs About Race in Early Childhood
Authors: Mandalaywala Tara M. , Ranger‐Murdock Gabrielle , Amodio David M. , Rhodes Marjorie 
Published: January 2018

It is widely believed that race divides the world into biologically distinct kinds of people—an essentialist belief inconsistent with reality. Essentialist views of race have been described as early emerging, but this study found that young children (n = 203,Mage = 5.45) hold only the more limited belief that the physical feature of skin color is inherited and stable. Overall, children rejected the causal essentialist view that behavioral and psychological characteristics are constrained by an inherited racial essence. Although average levels of children's causal essentialist beliefs about race were low, variation in these beliefs was related to children's own group membership, exposure to diversity, as well as children's own social attitudes.
Clinical outcomes with distance‐dominant multifocal and monofocal intraocular lenses in post‐LASIK cataract surgery planned using an intraoperative aberrometer
Authors: Fisher Bret , Potvin Rick 
Published: January 2018

AbstractImportanceStudies evaluating the clinical benefits of intraoperative aberrometry (IA) in cataract surgery are limited.BackgroundThe study was designed to determine whether IA improved clinical outcomes of post‐laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) cataract surgery with different intraocular lenses (IOLs) implanted.DesignA retrospective chart review of clinical outcomes from one surgeon at one surgical centre was conducted. It included post‐LASIK cataract surgeries where IA was used for the confirmation of IOL power, with either a distant‐dominant multifocal IOL or a monofocal IOL implanted.ParticipantsRecords for 44 eyes of 31 patients were analysed.MethodsDifferences in visual acuity (VA) and refractions by lens type were compared, and the effects of IA were evaluated.Main Outcome MeasuresUncorrected distance VA and the percentage of eyes with a spherical equivalent refraction within 0.5D of the intended correction were the primary outcome measures.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of eyes with uncorrected distance VA of 20/25 or better between IOL groups (P = 0.41). More eyes in the multifocal group had a refraction within 0.50D of intended (P = 0.03). In 39% of cases, the preoperative and IA power calculations suggested the same IOL power. When not equal, the IA results were not significantly more likely to be ‘best’ (P = 0.08).Conclusions and RelevanceResults suggest that a history of previous LASIK is not a contraindication to use of distant‐dominant multifocal IOLs. IA did not appear to improve clinical outcomes in post‐LASIK eyes, although a positive trend was evident.
Incidence of retinal vein occlusion in open‐angle glaucoma: a nationwide, population‐based study using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Database
Authors: Na Kyeong Ik , Jeoung Jin Wook , Kim Young Kook , Lee Won June , Park Ki Ho 
Published: January 2018

AbstractImportanceWe determined the association between retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) in a Korean population by reviewing a dataset obtained from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA).BackgroundTo compare the RVO incidence for OAG patients with that for the general population in order to determine the association between RVO and OAG.DesignNationwide population‐based retrospective study.ParticipantsHIRA data for 2011 through 2015.MethodsThe HIRA data for 2011 through 2015 was analysed in order to determine the incidence rates of RVO in the general population and in OAG patients. The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of RVO for OAG patients were determined with respect to the age‐ and gender‐matched general population.Main Outcome MeasuresSIRs of RVO.ResultsThe RVO incidence rate for the general population during the 4‐year study period (2012–2015) was 74.16 per 100 000 person‐years (95% confidence interval [CI], 73.79–74.54). A total of 272 143 OAG patients were identified in 2011 as the population at risk. The RVO incidence rate for the OAG patients was 528.95 per 100 000 person‐years (95% CI, 515.46–542.79). The expected incidences of RVO in the OAG patients were 1760.66 during the 4‐year study period. On the other hand, the observed incidences of RVO were 5758. The SIR of RVO for OAG patients in reference to the general population was 3.27 (95% CI, 3.19–3.35).Conclusions and RelevanceThe RVO incidence rate for OAG patients is significantly higher than that for the general population.
Altered cortical activation and connectivity patterns for visual attention processing in young adults post‐traumatic brain injury: A functional near infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Wu Ziyan , Mazzola Catherine A. , Catania Lori , Owoeye Oyindamola , Yaramothu Chang , Alvarez Tara , Gao Yu , Li Xiaobo 
Published: January 2018

SummaryAimsThis study aimed at understanding the neurobiological mechanisms associated with inattention induced by traumatic brain injury (TBI). To eliminate the potential confounding caused by the heterogeneity of TBI, we focused on young adults postsports‐related concussion (SRC).MethodsFunctional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data were collected from 27 young adults post‐SRC and 27 group‐matched normal controls (NCs), while performing a visual sustained attention task. Task responsive cortical activation maps and pairwise functional connectivity among six regions of interest were constructed for each subject. Correlations among the brain imaging measures and clinical measures of attention were calculated in each group.ResultsCompared to the NCs, the SRC group showed significantly increased brain activation in left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and increased functional connectivity between right inferior occipital cortex (IOC) bilateral calcarine gyri (CG). The left MFG activation magnitude was significantly negatively correlated with the hyperactive/impulsive symptom severity measure in the NCs, but not in the patients. The right hemisphere CG‐IOC functional connectivity showed a significant positive correlation with the hyperactive/impulsive symptom severity measure in patients, but not in NCs.ConclusionThe current data suggest that abnormal left MFG activation and hyper‐communications between right IOC and bilateral CG during visual attention processing may significantly contribute to behavioral manifestations of attention deficits in patients with TBI.
Zero‐sum landscape effects on acorn predation associated with shifts in granivore insect community in new holm oak (Quercus ilex) forests
Authors: Ruiz‐Carbayo Helena , Bonal Raúl , Pino Joan , Espelta Josep Maria 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimLandscape attributes can determine plant–animal interactions via effects on the identity and abundance of the involved species. As most studies have been conducted in a context of habitat loss and fragmentation, we know very little about interaction assembly in new habitats from a landscape approach. This study aimed to test the effect of forest age and connectivity on acorn predation by a guild of predator insects differing in dispersal ability and resilience mechanisms: two weevils (Curculio elephas and C. glandium) and one moth (Cydia fagiglandana) in expanding Quercus ilex forests.LocationBarcelona, Spain.MethodsWe assessed the proportion of infested acorns and identified the predator at the species level in five patches of connected old forests, connected new forests and isolated new forests. Effects of habitat age and connectivity at three scales (tree, patch and landscape) were analysed using generalized linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsPredation by weevils was positively associated with old connected forests, while moths, with better dispersal ability, were able to predate upon all patches equally. Moreover, C. elephas, the weevil with lower dispersal ability, exhibited colonization credits in the new isolated patches. In spite of these changes in the guild of seed predators, the proportion of infested acorns was non‐significantly different among forests.Main conclusionsThe guild of seed predators may vary depending on forest age and connectivity. However, because those with higher dispersal ability may replace less mobile species, this resulted in zero‐sum effects of landscape attributes on acorn predation (i.e., similar predation rates in well‐connected old forests vs. isolated new forests).
Gradients of disturbance and environmental conditions shape coral community structure for south‐eastern Indian Ocean reefs
Authors: Zinke Jens , Gilmour James P. , Fisher Rebecca , Puotinen Marji , Maina Joseph , Darling Emily , Stat Michael , Richards Zoe T. , McClanahan Timothy R. , Beger Maria , Moore Cordelia , Graham Nicholas A. J. , Feng Ming , Hobbs Jean‐Paul A. , Evans Scott N. , Field Stuart , Shedrawi George , Babcock Russ C. , Wilson Shaun K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo describe, model and assess the relative importance of environmental and climatic factors likely influencing the regional distribution of coral cover and assemblages with contrasting life histories and susceptibilities to bleaching.LocationWe compiled the first comprehensive empirical dataset for coral communities in the south‐eastern Indian Ocean (SEIO), incorporating information from 392 sites along the western coast of Australia and offshore atolls/islands across ~19° of latitude.MethodsWe assessed hard coral cover and community composition to genus using point‐intercept transects or point‐count analysis of digital images taken along transects. We explored spatial variation in environmental conditions and in composition of corals with contrasting life histories. After de‐trending the temporal patterns, we assessed the relative importance of environmental metrics to coral cover, life histories and bleaching susceptibility using a full subsets model‐selection approach with generalized additive mixed models, accounting for both temporal and among site variation.ResultsThe distribution of temperature, light, the frequency of temperature anomalies and tropical cyclones appear to be drivers of coral community structure. Functional diversity of low‐ to mid‐latitude coral communities may convey some resilience to thermal stress, while higher latitude communities dominated by Competitive and Bleaching‐Susceptible taxa may lack this functional resilience. These patterns likely reflect varying historical exposure to cyclones and temperature anomalies.Main conclusionsAs evident in recent years, changing background conditions and regimes of disturbance in coming decades will shift the distribution, functional diversity and resilience of coral reefs throughout the SEIO. The rate and magnitude of environmental change will ultimately determine the future of the tropical reefs and whether the higher latitude reefs provide some refuge from climate change. Our study highlights the need to quantify the distributional properties of key environmental metrics to better understand and predict reef condition through coming decades.
Integrated anatomical and physiological mapping of striatal afferent projections
Authors: Choi Kyuhyun , Holly Elizabeth N. , Davatolhagh M. Felicia , Beier Kevin T. , Fuccillo Marc V. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe dorsomedial striatum, a key site of reward‐sensitive motor output, receives extensive afferent input from cortex, thalamus and midbrain. These projections are integrated by striatal microcircuits containing both spiny projection neurons and local circuit interneurons. To explore target cell specificity of these projections, we compared inputs onto D1‐dopamine receptor‐positive spiny neurons, parvalbumin‐positive fast‐spiking interneurons and somatostatin‐positive low‐threshold‐spiking interneurons, using cell type‐specific rabies virus tracing and optogenetic‐mediated projection neuron recruitment in mice. While the relative proportion of retrogradely labelled projection neurons was similar between target cell types, the convergence of inputs was systematically higher for projections onto fast‐spiking interneurons. Rabies virus is frequently used to assess cell‐specific anatomical connectivity but it is unclear how this correlates to synaptic connectivity and efficacy. To test this, we compared tracing data with target cell‐specific measures of synaptic efficacy for anterior cingulate cortex and parafascicular thalamic projections using novel quantitative optogenetic measures. We found that target‐specific patterns of convergence were extensively modified according to region of projection neuron origin and postsynaptic cell type. Furthermore, we observed significant divergence between cell type‐specific anatomical connectivity and measures of excitatory synaptic strength, particularly for low‐threshold‐spiking interneurons. Taken together, this suggests a basic uniform connectivity map for striatal afferent inputs upon which presynaptic–postsynaptic interactions impose substantial diversity of physiological connectivity.