bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Push-pull effect on the geometrical, optical and charge transfer properties of disubstituted derivatives of mer-tris(4-hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridinato) aluminum (mer-AlND3)
Authors: Rao Joshi Laxmikanth , Bhanuprakash Kotamarthi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTo design innovative and novel optical materials with high mobility, two kinds of disubstituted derivatives for mer-tris(4-hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridinato) aluminum (mer-AlND3) with push (EDG)–pull (EWG) substituents have been designed. The structures of mer-tris(8-EDG-2-EWG-4-hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridinato) aluminum (type I) and mer-tris(8-EWG-2-EDG-4-hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridinato) aluminum (type II) in the ground and first excited states have been optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(D) and CIS/6-31G(D) level of theory, respectively. It can be seen from frontier molecular orbitals analysis, in all these complexes, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is localized on the pyridine-4-ol ring of A-ligand while lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is on the pyridyl ring of B-ligand in ground state irrespective of electron donor/acceptor substitution present on the ligands similar to that of mer-tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (mer-Alq3) and parent mer-AlND3.The absorption and emission wavelengths have been evaluated at the TD-PBE0/6-31G(D) level and it can be see that all the type I derivatives show blue shift while most of the type II derivatives show red shift compared to mer-AlND3. All the disubstituted complexes have showed hypsochromic shifts in both the absorption and emission spectra when compared with the calculated absorption and emission spectra respectively of mer-Alq3. It can be seen that the reorganization energies of some of the disubstituted derivatives are comparable with mer-Alq3 and these derivatives might be good candidates for emitting materials in OLED.
Cdc42 and Rac1 activity is reduced in human pheochromocytoma and correlates with FARP1 and ARHGEF1 expression
Authors: Croisé Pauline , Houy Sébastien , Gand Mathieu , Lanoix Joël , Calco Valérie , Tóth Petra , Brunaud Laurent , Lomazzi Sandra , Paramithiotis Eustache , Chelsky Daniel , Ory Stéphane , Gasman Stéphane 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAmong small GTPases from the Rho family, Cdc42, Rac, and Rho are well known to mediate a large variety of cellular processes linked with cancer biology through their ability to cycle between an inactive (GDP-bound) and an active (GTP-bound) state. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) stimulate the exchange of GDP for GTP to generate the activated form, whereas the GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) catalyze GTP hydrolysis, leading to the inactivated form. Modulation of Rho GTPase activity following altered expression of Rho-GEFs and/or Rho-GAPs has already been reported in various human tumors. However, nothing is known about the Rho GTPase activity or the expression of their regulators in human pheochromocytomas, a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) arising from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. In this study, we demonstrate, through an ELISA-based activity assay, that Rac1 and Cdc42 activities decrease in human pheochromocytomas (PCCs) compared with the matched adjacent non-tumor tissue. Furthermore, through quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) approaches, we show that the expression of two Rho-GEF proteins, namely ARHGEF1 and FARP1, is significantly reduced in tumors compared with matched non-tumor tissue, whereas ARHGAP36 expression is increased. Moreover, siRNA-based knockdown of ARHGEF1 and FARP1 in PC12 cells leads to a significant inhibition of Rac1 and Cdc42 activities, respectively. Finally, a principal component analysis (PCA) of our dataset was able to discriminate PCC from non-tumor tissue and indicates a close correlation between Cdc42/Rac1 activity and FARP1/ARHGEF1 expression. Altogether, our findings reveal for the first time the importance of modulation of Rho GTPase activities and expression of their regulators in human PCCs.
Increasing Medication Possession at Discharge for Patients With Asthma: The Meds-in-Hand Project
Authors: Hatoun Jonathan , Bair-Merritt Megan , Cabral Howard , Moses James 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Many patients recently discharged from an asthma admission do not fill discharge prescriptions. If unable to adhere to a discharge plan, patients with asthma are at risk for re-presentation to care. We sought to increase the proportion of patients discharged from an asthma admission in possession of their medications (meds in hand) from a baseline of 0% to &gt;75%.

METHODS:
A multidisciplinary improvement team performed 3 plan–do–study–act cycles over 2 years and, using a statistical process control chart, tracked the proportion of patients admitted with asthma discharged with meds in hand as the primary outcome. An exploratory, retrospective analysis of insurance data was conducted with a convenience sample of Medicaid-insured patients, comparing postdischarge utilization between patients discharged with meds in hand and usual care. Generalized estimating equations accounted for nonindependence in the data.

RESULTS:
Changes to the discharge process culminated in the development of a discharge medication delivery service. Outpatient pharmacist delivery of discharge medications to patient rooms achieved the project aim of 75% of patients discharged with meds in hand. In a subset of patients for whom all insurance claims were available, those discharged with meds in hand had lower odds of all-cause re-presentation to the emergency department within 30 days of discharge, compared with patients discharged with usual care (odds ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.99).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our initiative led to several discharge process improvements, including the creation of a medication delivery service that increased the proportion of patients discharged in possession of their medications and may have decreased unplanned visits after discharge.
Corporate Governance: Shareholder Rights And Firm Performance
Authors: Chugh Lal C. , Meador Joseph W. , Meador Matthew W. 
Published: February 2016

In the 21st century, greater attention is being paid to the issue of shareholder rights and corporate governance in U.S. corporations by regulators, shareholders and the general public. A previous paper by the authors finds that the level of shareholder rights generally has not increased and may have declined amongst the S&P 500 companies, despite the recent legislative and regulatory reforms. Evidence suggests that instead firms are searching for an optimum level of shareholder rights that balances the risks and rewards of greater shareholder rights. This study investigates the financial performance of firms with greater shareholder rights (GSR) and contrasts it with that of firms with lower shareholder rights (LSR). This paper finds that GSR firms may perform better on some financial criteria, in absolute terms, but when adjusted for volatility, LSR firms may perform better, contrary to the conventional wisdom.
Fusobacterium nucleatum Osteomyelitis of the Femur in a Patient with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Foran Ian , Kinney Matthew C. , Botte Michael J. , Covey Dana C. 
Published: February 2016

Case:
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, is an often overlooked cause of orthopaedic-related infections despite a well-accepted association in the literature. We present the case of a forty-seven-year-old man with HHT who developed femoral osteomyelitis and a subsequent pathologic femoral fracture from a rare bacterial species associated with HHT.

Conclusion:
Patients with HHT and extremity pain should be carefully evaluated for orthopaedic infections. If an orthopaedic infection is suspected, fastidious organisms should be considered as a possible etiologic agent. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is helpful when organisms cannot be isolated from traditional culture media.
On the vertical distribution of smoke in the Amazonian atmosphere during the dry season
Authors: Marenco Franco , Johnson Ben , Langridge Justin M. , Mulcahy Jane , Benedetti Angela , Remy Samuel , Jones Luke , Szpek Kate , Haywood Jim , Longo Karla , Artaxo Paulo 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Lidar observations of smoke aerosols have been analysed from six flights of the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements BAe-146 research aircraft over Brazil during the biomass burning season (September 2012). A large aerosol optical depth (AOD) was observed, typically ranging 0.4–0.9, along with a typical aerosol extinction coefficient of 100–400 Mm−1. The data highlight the persistent and widespread nature of the Amazonian haze, which had a consistent vertical structure, observed over a large distance ( ∼ 2200 km) during a period of 14 days. Aerosols were found near the surface; but the larger aerosol load was typically found in elevated layers that extended from 1–1.5 to 4–6 km. The measurements have been compared to model predictions with the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) and the ECMWF-MACC model. The MetUM generally reproduced the vertical structure of the Amazonian haze observed with the lidar. The ECMWF-MACC model was also able to reproduce the general features of smoke plumes albeit with a small overestimation of the AOD. The models did not always capture localised features such as (i) smoke plumes originating from individual fires, and (ii) aerosols in the vicinity of clouds. In both these circumstances, peak extinction coefficients of the order of 1000–1500 Mm−1 and AODs as large as 1–1.8 were encountered, but these features were either underestimated or not captured in the model predictions. Smoke injection heights derived from the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) for the region are compatible with the general height of the aerosol layers.
South Africa’s Economic and Fiscal Quagmire: A Political and Insurrectionary Dilemma as Rating Agencies Downgrade the South African Economy and Minister of Finance Fired by the President Without any Tangible Reasons
Authors: Karodia Anis Mahomed , Rehman Sayed , Soni Paresh 
Published: February 2016

<p>This narrative attempts to deal with the title of the paper in terms of the South Africa’s economic and fiscal quagmire and crisis. In no way is the paper all inclusive because, it cannot capture all of the subtle nuances that encompass this vexing issue, nearly two decades after the dawn and road to democracy, post 1994. The Finance Minister is in a no win situation and has to play the tune of his political masters. The Ministers mid-term review tabled to the nation in October, 2015 shows that he has to walk a very tight rope because of the current account, fiscal deficit and points to the reality that the business outlook is bleak. The reality question is, is it economic power or political power? The downgrade risks that the country faces on the part of rating agencies makes Minister Nene’s Job even more trickier and therefore, faces a near impossible balancing act’ to appease rating agencies. Can the Minister keep the credit agency wolves from the Treasury door? South Africa is in an economic and fiscal turmoil as it dips into savings to pay its monthly bills and therefore, reserve funds are being diverted into bureaucrats’ salaries. It is not only the question of the prolonged economic meltdown, but in reality it has to do with the mismanagement of the economy by the ruling government. The very high levels of corruption, cronyism, a mismatch in policy imperatives, the failure to action holistically the National Development Plan (NDP) and, a number of variables that have placed South Africa in this extreme quagmire, exacerbated by increasing unemployment, depressing poverty levels and rising inequality. The only solution is to deal decisively with corruption and to generate rapid growth by means of policy certainty. Against this background the paper will attempt to discuss these and other scenarios that confront South Africa.</p>
Using Transformations in the Implementation of Higher-Order Functions
Authors: Nielson Hanne Riis , Nielson Flemming 
Published: February 2016

<p>Traditional functional languages do not have an explicit distinction between binding times. It arises implicitly, however, as typically one instantiates a higher-order function with the arguments that are known whereas the unknown arguments remain to be taken as parameters. The distinction between ''known'' and ''unknown'' is closely related to the distinction between <em>binding times</em> like ''<em>compile-time</em>'' and ''<em> run-time</em>''. This leads to using a combination of <em>polymorphic type inference</em> and <em> binding time</em> analysis for obtaining the required information about which arguments are known.</p><p> </p><p>Following the current trend in the implementation of functional languages we then transform the run-time level of the program (<em> not</em> the compile-time level) into <em> categorial combinators</em>. At this stage we have a natural distinction between two kinds of program transformations: <em>partial evaluation</em> which involves the compile-time level of our notation and <em> algebraic transformations</em> (i.e. the application of algebraic laws) which involves the run-time level of our notation.</p><p> </p><p>By reinterpreting the combinators in suitable ways we obtain specifications of <em>abstract interpretations</em> (or data flow analyses). In particular, the use of combinators makes it possible to use a general framework for specifying both <em> forward</em> and <em> backward analyses</em>. The results of these analyses will be used to enable program transformations that are not applicable under all circumstances.</p><p> </p><p>Finally the combinators can also be reinterpreted to specify <em>code generation</em> for various (abstract) machines. To improve the efficiency of the code generated, one may apply abstract interpretations to collect extra information for guiding the code generation. Peephole optimizations may be used to improve the code at the lowest level.</p>
A Scaled Conjugate Gradient Algorithm for Fast Supervised Learning
Authors: Møller Martin F. 
Published: February 2016

<p>A supervised learning algorithm (Scaled Conjugate Gradient, SCG) with superlinear convergence rate is introduced. The algorithm is based upon a class of optimization techniques well known in numerical analysis as the Conjugate Gradient Methods. SCG uses second order information from the neural network but requires only O(N) memory usage, where N is the number of weights in the network. The performance of SCG is benchmarked against the performance of the standard backpropagation algorithm (BP), the conjugate gradient backpropagation (CGB) and the one-step Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno memoryless quasi-Newton algorithm (BFGS). SCG yields a speed-up of at least an order of magnitude relative to BP. The speed-up depends on the convergence criterion, i.e., the bigger demand for reduction in error the bigger the speed-up. SCG is fully automated including no user dependent parameters and avoids a time consuming line-search, which CGB and BFGS use in each iteration in order to determine an appropriate step size.</p><p> </p><p>Incorporating problem dependent structural information in the architecture of a neural network often lowers the overall complexity. The smaller the complexity of the neural network relative to the problem domain, the bigger the possibility that the weight space contains long ravines characterized by sharp curvature. While BP is inefficient on these ravine phenomena, it is shown that SCG handles them effectively.</p>
Immigration : de quoi les Québécois ont-ils peur ?
Authors: El Yamani Myriame , Juteau Danielle , McAndrew Marie 
Published: February 2016

L’article se propose d’expliciter l’équivocité de la notion d’insécurité en analysant les cinq grandes peurs des Québécois face à l’immigration : peur d’être envahi, de se faire voler « sa job », d’être incapable d’intégrer les nouveaux arrivants, des affrontements interethniques, de la perte d’identité. Il apparaît que le propre de l’insécurité est de jouer avec des mots à double sens, de généraliser la peur en plusieurs lieux du social et de garder le caractère éminent et omniprésent de la menace. Il y a une impossibilité de fixer une cible à l’insécurité. L’article s’interroge notamment sur le rôle des médias dans la vulgarisation de ces peurs. Si les discours médiatiques ont réussi à désapproprier le corps social de sa possibilité de dramatisation, l’insécurité, avec ses multiples peurs, continue, elle, à animer une forme dégradée des rapports sociaux. C’est dans cette perspective que sont analysés les enjeux et les défis de l’immigration pour la société québécoise.
Entre ordre et délinquance, brève note sur l’insécurité policière
Authors: Monjardet Dominique 
Published: February 2016

Si la « bavure » policière est un incident, c’est au sens de l’incident critique, qui condense et permet donc d’analyser le fonctionnement d’ensemble du système en cause. L’auteur montre ainsi que la polarisation de la culture professionnelle des policiers sur la guerre contre le crime et celle du Prince sur le maintien de l’ordre public se combinent pour détourner la police de s’intéresser à la demande sociale de sécurité, quand elles n’engendrent pas elles-mêmes l’insécurité.
« Voir le monde pour dire l’exception ». Identifications culturelles et littératures de la postcolonie
Authors: Diakité Boubakary 
Published: February 2016

Alors que l’historiographie s’accorde à considérer que, dans leur ensemble, les littératures africaines du XXe siècle se complaisent dans une défense exclusive des traditions locales, cet article propose une analyse de L’Aventure ambiguë de Cheikh Hamidou Kane comme un commerce du regard. Il démontre comment ce roman de Kane (re)pose la question de l’altérité dans une démarche similaire et peut-être plus complexe que celles des générations du XXIe siècle, dites de la « postcolonialité » et de la « littérature-monde ». Contrairement aux idées reçues, les écrivains de la génération de Cheikh Hamidou Kane montrent une conscience du monde et une capacité de s’engager dans des combinaisons culturelles qui transcendent la race ou les origines géographiques. Comme toutes les générations d’écrivains, leurs choix révèlent des manières de se voir dans le monde selon des taxinomies qui, en elles-mêmes, expriment la pluralité des orientations que rend possible l’histoire de l’Afrique.
Propos sur un bout de bois
Authors: Liébert Adeline 
Published: February 2016

Guidée par la rame qu’Ulysse emporta sur son épaule pour un dernier voyage, nous développons une méditation sur les oeuvres intrinsèquement comparatistes, leur aptitude à croiser des voix, des langues, des repères anthropologiques dans une poétique du métissage, de l’hybridité. « Zeugmatique » est le nom que nous avons retenu pour cette littérature qui nous amène à interroger le fait comparatiste en lui-même et à analyser le principe de « reliance » qui préside à toute recherche en littérature comparée.
Fault‐related fold styles and progressions in fold‐thrust belts: Insights from sandbox modeling
Authors: Yan Dan‐Ping , Xu Yan‐Bo , Dong Zhou‐Bin , Qiu Liang , Zhang Sen , Wells Michael 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFault‐related folds of variable structural styles and assemblages commonly coexist in orogenic belts with competent‐incompetent interlayered sequences. Despite their commonality, the kinematic evolution of these structural styles and assemblages are often loosely constrained because multiple solutions exist in their structural progression during tectonic restoration. We use a sandbox modeling instrument with a particle image velocimetry monitor to test four designed sandbox models with multilayer competent‐incompetent materials. Test results reveal that decollement folds initiate along selected incompetent layers with decreasing velocity difference and constant vorticity difference between the hanging wall and footwall of the initial fault tips. The decollement folds are progressively converted to fault‐propagation folds and fault‐bend folds through development of fault ramps breaking across competent layers and are followed by propagation into fault flats within an upper incompetent layer. Thick‐skinned thrust is produced by initiating a decollement fault within the metamorphic basement. Progressive thrusting and uplifting of the thick‐skinned thrust trigger initiation of the uppermost incompetent decollement with formation of a decollement fold and subsequent converting to fault‐propagation and fault‐bend folds, which combine together to form imbricate thrust. Breakouts at the base of the early formed fault ramps along the lowest incompetent layers, which may correspond to basement‐cover contacts, domes the upmost decollement and imbricate thrusts to form passive roof duplexes and constitute the thin‐skinned thrust belt. Structural styles and assemblages in each of tectonic stages are similar to that in the representative orogenic belts in the South China, Southern Appalachians, and Alpine orogenic belts.
Simulated effect of deep‐sea sedimentation and terrestrial weathering on projections of ocean acidification
Authors: Cao Long , Zheng Meidi , Caldeira Ken 
Published: February 2016

AbstractProjections of ocean acidification have often been based on ocean carbon cycle models that do not represent deep‐sea sedimentation and terrestrial weathering. Here we use an Earth system model of intermediate complexity to quantify the effect of sedimentation and weathering on projections of ocean acidification under an intensive CO2 emission scenario that releases 5000 Pg C after year 2000. In our simulations, atmospheric CO2 reaches a peak concentration of 2123 ppm near year 2300 with a maximum reduction in surface pH of 0.8. Consideration of deep‐sea sedimentation and terrestrial weathering has negligible effect on these peak changes. Only after several millenniums, sedimentation and weathering feedbacks substantially affect projected ocean acidification. Ten thousand years from today, in the constant‐alkalinity simulation, surface pH is reduced by ∼0.7 with 95% of the polar oceans undersaturated with respect to calcite, and no ocean has a calcite saturation horizon (CSH) that is deeper than 1000 m. With the consideration of sediment feedback alone, surface pH is reduced by ∼0.5 with 35% of the polar oceans experiencing calcite undersaturation, and 8% global ocean has a CSH deeper than 1000 m. With the addition of weathering feedback, depending on the weathering parameterizations, surface pH is reduced by 0.2–0.4 with no polar oceans experiencing calcite undersaturation, and 30–80% ocean has a CSH that is deeper than 1000 m. Our results indicate that deep‐sea sedimentation and terrestrial weathering play an important role in long‐term ocean acidification, but have little effect on mitigating ocean acidification in the coming centuries.