bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Thermodynamic Models for Anhydrous Alkaline-Silicate Magmatic Systems
Authors: Weller Owen M , Holland Tim J B , Soderman Caroline R , Green Eleanor C R , Powell Roger , Beard Charles D , Riel Nicolas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A new thermodynamic model for silicate melt in the Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2–Fe2O3–Cr2O3 model system is presented, building on the tholeiitic through to granitic melt model of Holland et al. (2018) [Journal of Petrology, 59, 881–900] but extending for the first time into anhydrous alkaline systems. The new melt model is accompanied by new thermodynamic models for nepheline, kalsilite, leucite, melilite and ilmenite. Collectively these models enable pseudosection modelling of alkaline-silicate magmatic systems, providing a new tool for investigating this geologically- and economically-important compositional space. The models are calibrated with respect to experimental data on phase relations among minerals and melt, and the fit is benchmarked here via detailed comparison with seven experimental datasets, which encompass a range of pressure (0–22 kbar), temperature (680–1350°C), oxygen fugacity (log fO2 ΔFMQ-3 to +1), total alkali (3–16 wt %) and silica (37–70 wt %) conditions. The calculated pseudosections successfully reproduce experimental crystallisation sequences and phase compositions, indicating that the thermodynamic models are well calibrated across this spectrum of conditions. Redox buffered experimental conditions are simulated using oxygen buffered pseudosections. Contouring of oxygen buffered pseudosections with XFe3+ (mol. Fe3+/Fetotal), or pseudosections of varying XFe3+ with ΔFMQ, reveals (i) often complex and non-intuitive relationships between these two representations of oxidation state, and (ii) substantial variation in ferric iron over narrow temperature intervals in some oxygen buffered sets of experiments. An implication is that simulating oxygen buffering is vital when benchmarking thermodynamic models using experimental results. Furthermore, because natural igneous systems likely feature a near-constant XFe3+, it is important to assess experimental results in this framework when making inferences about natural systems, recognising that oxygen fugacity is a consequence not a control of phase equilibria in nature. Overall, our new models provide a novel tool to explore the role of variables, such as pressure, fractional crystallisation and crustal assimilation in the petrogenesis of alkaline-silicate magmatic systems and their associated mineralisation.
The prognostic value of HALP score and sPESI in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Yaman Mahmut , Orak Murat , Durgun Hasan Mansur , Tekin Veysi , Ülgüt Şilan Göger , Belek Sema , Günel Berçem Tugay , Üstündağ Mehmet , Güloğlu Cahfer , Gündüz Ercan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), often arising from deep vein thrombosis, remains a high-mortality condition despite diagnostic advancements. Prognostic models like Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) and sPESI identify low-risk groups effectively. The Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet (HALP) score, reflecting nutritional status and systemic inflammation, shows prognostic value in cancers and cardiovascular diseases. This study examines the relationship between in-hospital mortality HALP score and simplified PESI (sPESI) in PTE patients.

Methods
This retrospective observational study included patients diagnosed with PTE in the emergency department of a tertiary medical faculty from 2018 to 2023. PTE diagnosis was confirmed via computed tomography pulmonary angiography. Data on transthoracic echocardiography, D-dimer levels, demographics, laboratory results, PESI, sPESI, and HALP scores, and in-hospital mortality were collected.

Results
In this study, clinical characteristics of 171 patients with PTE were analysed. The average age was 61.88 ± 19.94 years, and 53.2% were female. Mortality was observed in 19.3% of patients. PESI and sPESI scores were significant predictors of mortality, with area under the curve values of 0.938 and 0.879, respectively. PESI score &gt; 175.50 indicated a significantly higher mortality risk (HR = 18.208; P &lt; .001), while sPESI &gt;2.50 was also a strong predictor (HR = 11.840; P &lt; .001). No significant cut-off value for HALP in predicting mortality was identified.

Conclusions
Our study supports the reliability of sPESI and PESI scores in predicting in-hospital mortality in PTE patients. However, the prognostic value of the HALP score requires further investigation. Our findings highlight the need for developing risk stratification models.
Key message What is already known on this topic? The PESI and sPESI scores are established prognostic models that effectively identify low-risk groups in patients with PTE. The HALP score, reflecting nutritional status and systemic inflammation, has shown prognostic value in cancer and cardiovascular diseases. What this study adds? This study demonstrates that while PESI and sPESI scores are significant predictors of in-hospital mortality in PTE patients, the HALP score does not have a significant cut-off value for predicting mortality. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy? The findings support the continued use of PESI and sPESI scores for risk stratification in clinical practice, potentially influencing guidelines and policies on managing PTE. Further research into the HALP score's role in other contexts may refine its prognostic utility.
Data availability and requirements relevant for the Ariel space mission and other exoplanet atmosphere applications
Authors: Chubb Katy L , Robert Séverine , Sousa-Silva Clara , Yurchenko Sergei N , Allard Nicole F , Boudon Vincent , Buldyreva Jeanna , Bultel Benjamin , Coustenis Athena , Foltynowicz Aleksandra , Gordon Iouli E , Hargreaves Robert J , Helling Christiane , Hill Christian , Hrodmarsson Helgi Rafn , Karman Tijs , Lecoq-Molinos Helena , Migliorini Alessandra , Rey Michaël , Richard Cyril , Sadiek Ibrahim , Schmidt Frédéric , Sokolov Andrei , Stefani Stefania , Tennyson Jonathan , Venot Olivia , Wright Sam O M , Arenales-Lope Rosa , Barstow Joanna K , Bocchieri Andrea , Carrasco Nathalie , Dubey Dwaipayan , Egorov Oleg , Muñoz Antonio García , Gharib-Nezhad Ehsan (Sam) , Gkouvelis Leonardos , Grübel Fabian , Irwin Patrick Gerard Joseph , Knížek Antonín , Lewis David A , Lodge Matt G , Ma Sushuang , Martins Zita , Molaverdikhani Karan , Morello Giuseppe , Nikitin Andrei , Panek Emilie , Rengel Miriam , Rinaldi Giovanna , Skinner Jack W , Tinetti Giovanna , van Kempen Tim A , Yang Jingxuan , Zingales Tiziano 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The goal of this white paper is to provide a snapshot of the data availability and data needs primarily for the Ariel space mission, but also for related atmospheric studies of exoplanets and cool stars. It covers the following data-related topics: molecular and atomic line lists, line profiles, computed cross-sections and opacities, collision-induced absorption and other continuum data, optical properties of aerosols and surfaces, atmospheric chemistry, UV photodissociation and photoabsorption cross-sections, and standards in the description and format of such data. These data aspects are discussed by addressing the following questions for each topic, based on the experience of the ‘data-provider’ and ‘data-user’ communities: (1) what are the types and sources of currently available data, (2) what work is currently in progress, and (3) what are the current and anticipated data needs. We present a GitHub platform for Ariel-related data, with the goal to provide a go-to place for both data-users and data-providers, for the users to make requests for their data needs and for the data-providers to link to their available data. Our aim throughout the paper is to provide practical information on existing sources of data whether in data bases, theoretical, or literature sources.
Surface engineering enhances the therapeutic potential of systemically delivered extracellular vesicles following acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Mentkowski Kyle I. , Tarvirdizadeh Touba , Manzanero Cody A. , Eagler Lisa A. , Lang Jennifer K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe objective of the study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of targeting remote zone cardiomyocytes with cardiosphere‐derived cell (CDC) extracellular vesicles (EVs) delivered via intramyocardial and intravenous routes following acute myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiomyocyte (CM) cell death plays a significant role in left ventricular (LV) remodeling and cardiac dysfunction following MI. While EVs secreted by CDCs have shown efficacy in promoting cardiac repair in preclinical models of MI, their translational potential is limited by their biodistribution and requirement for intramyocardial delivery. We hypothesized that engineering the surface of EVs to target cardiomyocytes would enhance their therapeutic efficacy following systemic delivery in a model of acute MI. CDC‐derived EVs were engineered to express a CM‐specific binding peptide (CMP) on their surface and characterized for size, morphology, and protein expression. Mice with acute MI underwent both intramyocardial and intravenous delivery of EVs, CMP‐EVs and placebo in a double‐blind study. LVEF was assessed by echo at 2‐ and 28‐days post‐MI and tissue samples processed for assessment of EV biodistribution and histological endpoints. CMP‐EVs demonstrated superior cardiac targeting and retention when compared with unmodified EVs 24 h post‐MI. Mice treated with IV delivered CMP‐EVs demonstrated a significant improvement in LVEF and a significant reduction in remote zone cardiomyocyte apoptosis when compared with IV delivered non‐targeted EVs at 28‐day post‐MI. Systemic administration of CMP‐EVs improved cardiac function and reduced remote zone cardiomyocyte apoptosis compared with IV‐administered unmodified EVs, demonstrating a strategy to optimize therapeutic EV delivery post‐MI.
Risk of Autism After Prenatal Topiramate, Valproate, or Lamotrigine Exposure
Authors: Hernández-Diaz Sonia , Straub Loreen , Bateman Brian T. , Zhu Yanmin , Mogun Helen , Wisner Katherine L. , Gray Kathryn J. , Lester Barry , McDougle Christopher J. , DiCesare Elyse , Pennell Page B. , Huybrechts Krista F. 
Published: September 2024

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2024;390:1069–1079)
Individuals with epilepsy usually are recommended to continue their treatment during pregnancy, though many antiseizure medications are known teratogens. Valproate in particular has been associated with fetal anomalies and decreased neurocognitive function in prenatally exposure children.
Statistical Power and Performance of Strategies to Analyze Composites of Survival and Duration of Ventilation in Clinical Trials
Authors: Chen Ziming , Harhay Michael O. , Fan Eddy , Granholm Anders , McAuley Daniel F. , Urner Martin , Yarnell Christopher J. , Goligher Ewan C. , Heath Anna 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure are at high risk of death and prolonged time on the ventilator. Interventions often aim to reduce both mortality and time on the ventilator. Many methods have been proposed for analyzing these endpoints as a single composite outcome (days alive and free of ventilation), but it is unclear which analytical method provides the best performance. Thus, we aimed to determine the analysis method with the highest statistical power for use in clinical trials.

METHODS:
Using statistical simulation, we compared multiple methods for analyzing days alive and free of ventilation: the t, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and Kryger Jensen and Lange tests, as well as the proportional odds, hurdle-Poisson, and competing risk models. We compared 14 scenarios relating to: 1) varying baseline distributions of mortality and duration of ventilation, which were based on data from a registry of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and 2) the varying effects of treatment on mortality and duration of ventilation.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:
All methods have good control of type 1 error rates (i.e., avoid false positive findings). When data are simulated using a proportional odds model, the t test and ordinal models have the highest relative power (92% and 90%, respectively), followed by competing risk models. When the data are simulated using survival models, the competing risk models have the highest power (100% and 92%), followed by the t test and a ten-category ordinal model. All models struggled to detect the effect of the intervention when the treatment only affected one of mortality and duration of ventilation. Overall, the best performing analytical strategy depends on the respective effects of treatment on survival and duration of ventilation and the underlying distribution of the outcomes. The evaluated models each provide a different interpretation for the treatment effect, which must be considered alongside the statistical power when selecting analysis models.
Vitamin D in the critically ill – update 2024
Authors: Geiger Christina , McNally James Dayre , Christopher Kenneth B. , Amrein Karin 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
This review aims to summarize the latest publications on vitamin D focused on critically ill patients.

Recent findings
Vitamin D deficiency is common in critically ill patients (children and adults) and associated with a higher risk for mortality and morbidity as well as sepsis, acute respiratory failure, acute renal failure and prolonged ICU stay. As it is an inexpensive substance with a wide safety margin, acute treatment in form of a loading dose in addition to ongoing maintenance therapy is an interesting option in the ICU. The potential benefit of acute native (biologically inactive) vitamin D treatment has not fully been answered but even a small survival benefit demonstrable in very large analyses could be relevant to critical care. To date, less than 5000 patients cumulative have been enrolled in randomized controlled trials concerning vitamin D, with substantial heterogeneity in trial design regarding population (with or without deficiency, coronavirus disease 2019, different age groups, underlying illnesses), metabolite, dosing, outcome, and more.

Summary
More research is needed, but vitamin D supplementation represents a simple intervention with an excellent safety profile. As adequate vitamin D is essential to the health of multiple organ systems, rapid normalization of deficiency states could translate to benefits across the wide range of diagnoses and organ dysfunctions experienced in the ICU setting. As a minimum, we recommend administering the standard daily dose of vitamin D3 in the critically ill patient.
Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Using an Optimal Acquisition Time Window Based on Heart Rate Determined During Breath-Holding Following Free Breathing
Authors: Liu Zi-yan , Ma Ze-peng , Gao Kai , Ding Wei , Zhao Yong-xia 
Published: September 2024

Objectives
To compare the image quality and radiation dose in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) based on different acquisition time windows corresponding to the heart rate of breath-holding after free breathing.

Methods
Two hundred patients who underwent CCTA with a basal heart rate between 70 and 85 beats/min were divided into groups A and B, with 100 patients in each group. Patients in groups A and B were scanned with the acquisition time window corresponding to the heart rate determined during a breath hold obtained after free breathing and the basal heart rate during free breathing, respectively. Computed tomography (CT) attenuation values of the coronary artery, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. The subjective image scores of the groups were assessed blindly by 2 experienced physicians using a 4-point system, and score consistency was compared using the κ test. The volume CT dose index and dose-length product were recorded for each patient, and the effective dose (ED) was calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was performed to evaluate differences in age, heart rate, and body mass index. A χ
2 test was used to evaluate sex differences. An independent-sample t test was employed to compare objective and subjective data such as dose-length product, volume CT dose index, ED, SNR, CNR, and averaged subjective assessment scores. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results
No statistically significant differences occurred in sex, age, or body mass index between patients in group A and group B (all P > 0.05). No significant differences occurred in the mean CT values, mean SNR values, mean CNR values, or mean subjective scores of CCTA images between the patients in groups A and B (P > 0.05). The ED values of the patients in group A were 52.93% lower than those in group B (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The radiation dose in CCTA examinations can be significantly reduced while maintaining image quality by narrowing the acquisition time window for breath-holding after free breathing.
Molecular Signature Associated With Acute Rejection in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
Authors: Cassidy Michael F. , Doudican Nicole A. , Frazzette Nicholas , Rabbani Piul S. , Carucci John A. , Gelb Bruce E. , Rodriguez Eduardo D. , Lu Catherine P. , Ceradini Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Background.
A deeper understanding of acute rejection in vascularized composite allotransplantation is paramount for expanding its utility and longevity. There remains a need to develop more precise and accurate tools for diagnosis and prognosis of these allografts, as well as alternatives to traditional immunosuppressive regimens.

Methods.
Twenty-seven skin biopsies collected from 3 vascularized composite allotransplantation recipients, consisting of face and hand transplants, were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry staining, and gene expression profiling.

Results.
Biopsies with clinical signs and symptoms of rejection, irrespective of histopathological grading, were significantly enriched for genes contributing to the adaptive immune response, innate immune response, and lymphocyte activation. Inflammation episodes exhibited significant fold change correlations between the face and hands, as well as across patients. Immune checkpoint genes were upregulated during periods of inflammation that necessitated treatment. A gene signature consisting of CCL5, CD8A, KLRK1, and IFNγ significantly predicted inflammation specific to vascularized composite allografts that required therapeutic intervention.

Conclusions.
The mechanism of vascularized composite allograft-specific inflammation and rejection appears to be conserved across different patients and skin on different anatomical sites. A concise gene signature can be utilized to ascertain graft status along with a continuous scale, providing valuable diagnostic and prognostic information to supplement current gold standards of graft evaluation.
Interpenetrating networks of fibrillar and amorphous collagen promote cell spreading and hydrogel stability
Authors: Brunel Lucia G. , Long Chris M. , Christakopoulos Fotis , Cai Betty , Johansson Patrik K. , Singhal Diya , Enejder Annika , Myung David , Heilshorn Sarah C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydrogels composed of collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body, are widely used as scaffolds for tissue engineering due to their ability to support cellular activity. However, collagen hydrogels with encapsulated cells often experience bulk contraction due to cell-generated forces, and conventional strategies to mitigate this undesired deformation often compromise either the fibrillar microstructure or cytocompatibility of the collagen. To support the spreading of encapsulated cells while preserving the structural integrity of the gels, we present an interpenetrating network (IPN) of two distinct collagen networks with different crosslinking mechanisms and microstructures. First, a physically self-assembled collagen network preserves the fibrillar microstructure and enables the spreading of encapsulated human corneal mesenchymal stromal cells. Second, an amorphous collagen network covalently crosslinked with bioorthogonal chemistry fills the voids between fibrils and stabilizes the gel against cell-induced contraction. This collagen IPN balances the biofunctionality of natural collagen with the stability of covalently crosslinked, engineered polymers. Taken together, these data represent a new avenue for maintaining both the fiber-induced spreading of cells and the structural integrity of collagen hydrogels by leveraging an IPN of fibrillar and amorphous collagen networks.Statement of significanceCollagen hydrogels are widely used as scaffolds for tissue engineering due to their support of cellular activity. However, collagen hydrogels often undergo undesired changes in size and shape due to cell-generated forces, and conventional strategies to mitigate this deformation typically compromise either the fibrillar microstructure or cytocompatibility of the collagen. In this study, we introduce an innovative interpenetrating network (IPN) that combines physically self-assembled, fibrillar collagen—ideal for promoting cell adhesion and spreading—with covalently crosslinked, amorphous collagen—ideal for enhancing bulk hydrogel stability. Our IPN design maintains the native fibrillar structure of collagen while significantly improving resistance against cell-induced contraction, providing a promising solution to enhance the performance and reliability of collagen hydrogels for tissue engineering applications.Graphical abstract