bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct Patterns of Gene Gain and Loss: Diverse Evolutionary Modes of NBS-Encoding Genes in Three Solanaceae Crop Species
Authors: Qian Lan-Hua , Zhou Guang-Can , Sun Xiao-Qin , Lei Zhao , Zhang Yan-Mei , Xue Jia-Yu , Hang Yue-Yu 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Plant resistance conferred by nucleotide binding site (NBS)-encoding resistance genes plays a key role in the defense against various pathogens throughout the entire plant life cycle. However, comparative analyses for the systematic evaluation and determination of the evolutionary modes of NBS-encoding genes among Solanaceae species are rare. In this study, 447, 255, and 306 NBS-encoding genes were identified from the genomes of potato, tomato, and pepper, respectively. These genes usually clustered as tandem arrays on chromosomes; few existed as singletons. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that three subclasses [TNLs (TIR-NBS-LRR), CNLs (CC-NBS-LRR), and RNLs (RPW8-NBS-LRR)] each formed a monophyletic clade and were distinguished by unique exon/intron structures and amino acid motif sequences. By comparing phylogenetic and systematic relationships, we inferred that the NBS-encoding genes in the present genomes of potato, tomato, and pepper were derived from 150 CNL, 22 TNL, and 4 RNL ancestral genes, and underwent independent gene loss and duplication events after speciation. The NBS-encoding genes therefore exhibit diverse and dynamic evolutionary patterns in the three Solanaceae species, giving rise to the discrepant gene numbers observed today. Potato shows a “consistent expansion” pattern, tomato exhibits a pattern of “first expansion and then contraction,” and pepper presents a “shrinking” pattern. The earlier expansion of CNLs in the common ancestor led to the dominance of this subclass in gene numbers. However, RNLs remained at low copy numbers due to their specific functions. Along the evolutionary process of NBS-encoding genes in Solanaceae, species-specific tandem duplications contributed the most to gene expansions.
Identification of QTLs for 14 Agronomically Important Traits inSetaria italicaBased on SNPs Generated from High-Throughput Sequencing
Authors: Zhang Kai , Fan Guangyu , Zhang Xinxin , Zhao Fang , Wei Wei , Du Guohua , Feng Xiaolei , Wang Xiaoming , Wang Feng , Song Guoliang , Zou Hongfeng , Zhang Xiaolei , Li Shuangdong , Ni Xuemei , Zhang Gengyun , Zhao Zhihai 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFoxtail millet (Setaria italica) is an important crop possessing C4 photosynthesis capability. The S. italica genome was de novo sequenced in 2012, but the sequence lacked high-density genetic maps with agronomic and yield trait linkages. In the present study, we resequenced a foxtail millet population of 439 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and developed high-resolution bin map and high-density SNP markers, which could provide an effective approach for gene identification. A total of 59 QTL for 14 agronomic traits in plants grown under long- and short-day photoperiods were identified. The phenotypic variation explained ranged from 4.9 to 43.94%. In addition, we suggested that there may be segregation distortion on chromosome 6 that is significantly distorted toward Zhang gu. The newly identified QTL will provide a platform for sequence-based research on the S. italica genome, and for molecular marker-assisted breeding.
Genetic Architecture of Phenomic-Enabled Canopy Coverage inGlycine max
Authors: Xavier Alencar , Hall Benjamin , Hearst Anthony A , Cherkauer Keith A , Rainey Katy M 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDigital imagery can help to quantify seasonal changes in desirable crop phenotypes that can be treated as quantitative traits. Because limitations in precise and functional phenotyping restrain genetic improvement in the postgenomic era, imagery-based phenomics could become the next breakthrough to accelerate genetic gains in field crops. Whereas many phenomic studies focus on exploratory analysis of spectral data without obvious interpretative value, we used field images to directly measure soybean canopy development from phenological stage V2 to R5. Over 3 years, we collected imagery using ground and aerial platforms of a large and diverse nested association panel comprising 5555 lines. Genome-wide association analysis of canopy coverage across sampling dates detected a large quantitative trait locus (QTL) on soybean (Glycine max, L. Merr.) chromosome 19. This QTL provided an increase in yield of 47.3 kg ha−1. Variance component analysis indicated that a parameter, described as average canopy coverage, is a highly heritable trait (h2 = 0.77) with a promising genetic correlation with grain yield (0.87), enabling indirect selection of yield via canopy development parameters. Our findings indicate that fast canopy coverage is an early season trait that is inexpensive to measure and has great potential for application in breeding programs focused on yield improvement. We recommend using the average canopy coverage in multiple trait schemes, especially for the early stages of the breeding pipeline (including progeny rows and preliminary yield trials), in which the large number of field plots makes collection of grain yield data challenging.
Facilitating Neuron-Specific Genetic Manipulations in Drosophila melanogaster Using a Split GAL4 Repressor
Authors: Dolan Michael-John , Luan Haojiang , Shropshire William C , Sutcliffe Ben , Cocanougher Benjamin , Scott Robert L , Frechter Shahar , Zlatic Marta , Jefferis Gregory S X E , White Benjamin H 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Efforts to map neural circuits have been galvanized by the development of genetic technologies that permit the manipulation of targeted sets of neurons in the brains of freely behaving animals. The success of these efforts relies on the experimenter’s ability to target arbitrarily small subsets of neurons for manipulation, but such specificity of targeting cannot routinely be achieved using existing methods. In Drosophila melanogaster, a widely-used technique for refined cell type-specific manipulation is the Split GAL4 system, which augments the targeting specificity of the binary GAL4-UAS (Upstream Activating Sequence) system by making GAL4 transcriptional activity contingent upon two enhancers, rather than one. To permit more refined targeting, we introduce here the “Killer Zipper” (KZip+), a suppressor that makes Split GAL4 targeting contingent upon a third enhancer. KZip+ acts by disrupting both the formation and activity of Split GAL4 heterodimers, and we show how this added layer of control can be used to selectively remove unwanted cells from a Split GAL4 expression pattern or to subtract neurons of interest from a pattern to determine their requirement in generating a given phenotype. To facilitate application of the KZip+ technology, we have developed a versatile set of LexAop-KZip+ fly lines that can be used directly with the large number of LexA driver lines with known expression patterns. KZip+ significantly sharpens the precision of neuronal genetic control available in Drosophila and may be extended to other organisms where Split GAL4-like systems are used.
Aluta continua: Accountability and the Domestic Violence Act, 116 of 1998
Authors: VETTEN Lisa 
Published: April 2017

In 1998, in an attempt to undo the long-standing neglect of domestic violence, legislators placed a set of duties on the police in relation to domestic violence and coupled these with a unique system of accountability relations and practices. This articles examines the effect of these in three ways:review both of complaints of misconduct, as well as the station audits conducted in terms of the Domestic Violence Act's prescripts, and analysis of the workings of the Act's accountability mechanisms over time. This shows the Act's system of accountability to have had some success in making domestic violence a policing priority. But this has taken a number of years of interaction across the domains of the political, legal, bureaucratic and the social to accomplish. On this account accountability reveals itself to be a contingent outcome and practice that also takes different forms at different times. It also remains an ambivalent undertaking in relation to domestic violence. While answers may be demanded of the police, oversight of these responses is lodged with an agency possessing limited capacity and weak institutional authority.
Location, location, location: The settling of organised crime in Bedfordview
Authors: Haysom Simone , Shaw Mark 
Published: April 2017

Why do ‘crime bosses’ settle in one place and not another? It is an intriguing and under researched question on which little has been written. In South Africa a cluster of individuals associated with organised crime moved into, or were associated with, a particular suburb: Bedfordview, south-east of Johannesburg. The most notorious was Radovan Krejcir, but he himself plugged into an established network of individuals with links to the underworld. This article, based on interviews with people close to high level crime figures or in political or civic leadership roles in Bedfordview, explores why this neighbourhood in particular was chosen. Our analysis suggests that a range of factors coalesced to make Bedfordview, an upper class predominantly white neighbourhood, attractive to organised crime figures. These include a combination of pull factors linked to geography, lifestyle, ethnic and infrastructural reasons that combined in a way that was unique in Johannesburg. Significantly, these were linked with a set of push factors that reflect changes in wider urban development and the upward (and geographic) mobility of a set of ‘businessmen' linked to grey or illegal markets in the city.
A Regional Socio-Geographic Atlas of Secondary Education: Can the “Power of the Territory” Be Surmounted?
Authors: Golubitskiy Aleksey 
Published: April 2017

A socio-geographic atlas of secondary education in Kaliningrad Oblast has been made after testing new instruments designed for measuring educational inequality at regional and local levels, its reasons and consequences, and the factors affecting its manifestation. The data for the atlas was obtained from open databases on education quality, information on the region’s attractiveness as a location for real estate investments provided by real estate agents, and the results of measuring the distance of schools from the hubs of social wellbeing. The main assumption at the base of the study is that the influence of environment (factors external to school) on education quality dominates the importance of internal processes. A comparative analysis of the resulting maps of education and territory quality has revealed not only individual resilient schools and schools that require support but also the low quality zones and socio-geographic anomalies of academic resilience. The article offers methods for studying and overcoming the “curse of the territory” and educational inequality at regional and local levels.
Synthesis, growth and characterization of amino acid based semiorganic crystal bis-thiourea l-lysine monohydrochloride
Authors: Tamilselvi R. , Arunadevi K. , Sivavishnu D. , Ramadoss P. 
Published: April 2017

<p><strong>Background: </strong>We report on synthesis, growth and characterization of Bis-thiourea L-lysine monohydrochloride (BTLM) crystal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bis-thiourea L-lysine momohydrochloride (BTLM) crystal were grown by solution growth method in the molar ratio 1:1 at room temperature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transparent and defect free crystal of BTLM were harvested in the period of 40-45 days with dimension 7mm × 4mm × 2mm. Single crystal XRD analysis revealed that the crystal system belongs to Orthorhombic with cell parameters a= 14.41 Å, b= 5.89 Å and c= 15.52 Å. The sharp and well defined Bragg peaks observed in the powder XRD pattern confirm the crystalline nature of BTLM crystal. The presences of functional groups in the grown crystal BTLM were identified by FT-IR analysis. The fluorescence spectral study was carried out in the range of 280–500 nm. Second harmonic generation (SHG) of powdered BTLM sample was tested using Nd: YAG laser and is found to be 0.55 times that of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate. The mechanical strength of the BTLM crystal was evaluated and it describes that the Vickers hardness number of BTLM is found to be increase with the applied load. The work hardening co-efficient (n) has been calculated from the slope of straight line between log P and log d. <sup> </sup>The dielectric study of BTLM was carried out as a function of frequency at different temperature.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>From the result we confirm that the BTLM crystals have good physicochemical properties. So, the grown BTLM crystal was suitable candidate for nonlinear optical applications.</p>
Cardiogenic shock as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Patra Lalat Barun , Mishra Asit Kumar 
Published: April 2017

<p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-IN">Childhood onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rare entity and comprise less than 20% of all cases of lupus. Prepubertal onset is even rarer as most cases are reported in adolescent age group. SLE is an immune-complex mediated disease with multiorgan involvement. We report a case of a 12 year old female child with cardiogenic shock, myocarditis and pyrexia</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p>
Intralesional steroid induced hypopigmentation- a case report
Authors: Singh Shailendra Vikram Jitendra , Bachaspatimayum Romita , Akham Subhalakshmi Devi , Sanjenbam Rita Devi 
Published: April 2017

<p class="abstract">Ganglions are tense, smooth, fluctuant, cystic transilluminant swellings commonly <span lang="EN-IN">found on the dorsum of the wrist, at the scapholunate articulation. Treatment modalities include aspiration, intralesional corticosteroids, surgical excision, etc. Hypopigmentation is one of the adverse effects associated with intralesional steroid therapy</span>. <span lang="EN-IN">Here, we report </span><span lang="EN-IN">a 21 years old male patient who came with an asymptomatic whitish patch on the left wrist after receiving triaminolone 40 mg injection at the same site for a ganglion.</span><span lang="EN-IN">Case is being reported so as to create awareness of this benign condition amongst the treating physicians or surgeons.</span></p>
Differences in the Effect of Using Sterile Water for Irrigation and Normal Saline Washing to Peritoneal Adhesion Post-Laparotomy on White Rats
Authors: Octaviani Octaviani , Rahardjo Agus , Alifianto Untung , Anton Setya 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal adhesion is a side effect of abdominal surgery that often occurs. Many efforts were made in abdominal surgery to prevent or minimize the occurrence of this adhesion. One way to reduce the risk of bowel adhesions is through washing peritoneum method, so the differences in the use of washing solution on the incidence of adhesions after laparotomy surgery need to be investigated. The objective of this study is to determine differences in the effect of using sterile water and normal saline for washing irrigation to peritoneal adhesions after laparotomy in white rats.METHODS: This was an experimental study. Thirty-two sample of white rats were divided into two groups, group A and Group B, each group consists of 16 rats. Group A got washing using normal saline and group B got washing using sterile water for irrigation in laparotomy procedure to assess the peritoneal adhesion microscopically after relaparotomy. RESULTS: This study was conducted in April-May 2016. The founding of peritoneal adhesion after laparotomy in white rats using sterile water for irrigation in grade 1 were seven samples, grade 2 were five samples and grade 3 were four samples. Meanwhile, the founding of peritoneum adhesion after laparotomy using normal saline grade 1 are two samples, grade 2 are five samples, and grade 3 are nine samples. Statistically, significant differences were found (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Some risk factors can lead to adhesion, such as trauma surgery, tissue ischemia, infection blood and foreign body irritating. Intraperitoneal irrigation with sterile water for irrigation is better than the use of normal saline in preventing peritoneal adhesion.KEYWORDS: peritoneal adhesions, sterile water for irrigation, normal saline
The Correlation Between TP53 Expression and Ki-67 Proliferation with Bartl Malignancy Degree of Plasma Cell Neoplasm
Authors: Lestadi Isabelle Deli , Siregar Nurjati Chaerani , Wuyung Puspita Eka 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND: Plasma cell neoplasm (PCN) is a neoplastic plasma cell proliferation which includes solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP), extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) and multiple myeloma (MM). Bartl classifies the degrees of PCN as low, intermediate and high. The aim of this study is to find the correlation between tumor suppressor gene p53 (TP53) expression and Ki-67 proliferation with Bartl malignancy degree of PCN. Therefore earlier PCN diagnostic method to prevent the development of PCN into MM can be found.METHODS: Thirty-two PCN cases were classified into three groups based on Bartl’s degrees of malignancy. TP53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining were performed on samples and the percentage of positivity was evaluated.RESULTS: The Bartl’s low degree of malignancy was found in 10 MM cases (31.2%), intermediate degree in 5 SBP cases (15.6%) and high in 2 SBP and EMP cases (6.2%). TP53 expression was obtainable at 4% of low, 16% of intermediate and 10% of high degree. There was a significant difference between TP53 expression in low and intermediate degree (p=0.004). Mean proliferation index of Ki-67 was 57% in low, 44.6% in intermediate, and 32.6% in high degree. There was no significant difference of Ki-67 proliferation indexes among the group (p=0.339).CONCLUSION: Increasing expression TP53 was in accord with Bartl’s degrees of malignancy, especially in low and intermediate degree, but there was no significant difference between Ki-67 proliferation index and Bartl’s degrees of malignancy.KEYWORDS: plasmacytoma, myeloma, TP53, Ki-67, Bartl classification
The Association between Cardiovascular Risk and Elevated Triglycerides
Authors: Sargowo Djanggan , Handayani Olivia 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND: The association between elevated triglycerides and cardiovascular risk has been extensively studied. The elevated level of triglycerides occurs through abnormalities in hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production and intestinal chylomicron synthesis, dysfunctional lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated lipolysis or impaired remnant clearance.CONTENT: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) commonly leads to a reduction in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increase in atherogenic small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, called the atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD). Triglycerides may also stimulate atherogenesis by mechanisms, such excessive release of free fatty acids, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, fibrinogen, coagulation factors and impairment of fibrinolysis. Genetic studies strongly support hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and high concentration of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) as causal risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, lipid management is crucial in reducing cardiovascular risk. Combination of lipid lowering drug therapy may be needed to achieve both LDL and non-HDL cholesterols treatment goal for cardiovascular disease prevention in patients with elevated triglyceride levels, particularly those with triglyceride ≥500 mg/dL.SUMMARY: LDL and non-HDL cholesterol can be a promising target therapy in HTG. Additional clinical outcomes data are needed to provide a more evidence-based rationale for clinical lipid management of hypertriglyceridemic patients.KEYWORDS: hypertriglyceridemia, non-HDL cholesterol, dyslipidemia, CV risk
The use of marketing in human resource management
Authors: Durana Pavol , Chlebikova Darina 
Published: April 2017

One of the decisive factors of the long-term functioning and effectiveness of any company business is human resources. The article discusses the approaches and insights on human resources management through the eyes of various authors and explains that human resources are not linked only to the field of management but also in areas such as planning, searching, selection, evaluation, motivation, training, remuneration and of course the release of human resources. The globalized market sharpens competition and human resources management can decide if the company stands on the side of winners. The aim of the article is to assess how companies in the Slovak economy cope with the challenges raised by human resources. Based on the realized survey aimed at identifying the current level of human resources management in organizations operating in Slovakia for the years 2010 - 2012 will analyze and evaluate the current status level of human resources. The gaps in research problems will be identified and will be provided recommendations for improvement of activities related to human resources and enhancing the competitive position of the company through personnel marketing tools. A personnel marketing is used primarily for search and retrieval quality people, their stabilization and strengthening their solidarity with the company. An application of personnel marketing leads to specific staff and corporate culture.

Keywords: Human resource, Recruitment of employees, Personnel marketing;
Core business and supporting activities in Slovak enterprise
Authors: Vagner Ladislav , Bartosova Viera 
Published: April 2017

The latest boom of facility management, mostly seen as an essential part of large enterprises, leads us to start thinking about if the growing interest of this phenomenon is caused by a real need of a company and is it even possible start the discussion of usage of facility management in a different than large enterprise? At the beginning base elements of core business and supporting activities are defined and then the question why facility management is a fundamental part of a corporate leadership is answered. The second part of the article identifies an area of interest and development of a hypothesis that can then be tested. The process of research will be targeted on the enterprises located in the central Slovak region. The digital answer sheet will be used as a baseline for the verification of stated hypotheses. All mentioned processes and procedures will help to clarify the necessity of Facility management for an enterprise.
Keywords: Supporting activities, Core business, Facility management, Facility management surveys;