bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformed solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation associated to dual weak braces
Authors: Mazzotta Marzia , Rybołowicz Bernard , Stefanelli Paola 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA recent method for acquiring new solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation involves deforming the classical solution associated with a skew brace. In this work, we demonstrate the applicability of this method to a dual weak brace $$\left( S,+,\circ \right) $$

S
,
+
,
∘

and prove that all elements generating deformed solutions belong precisely to the set $$\mathcal {D}_r(S)=\{z \in S \mid \forall a,b \in S \, \, (a+b) \circ z = a\circ z-z+b \circ z\}$$

D
r

(
S
)

=

{
z
∈
S
∣
∀
a
,
b
∈
S

(
a
+
b
)

∘
z
=
a
∘
z
-
z
+
b
∘
z
}

, which we term the distributor of S. We show it is a full inverse subsemigroup of $$\left( S, \circ \right) $$

S
,
∘

and prove it is an ideal for certain classes of braces. Additionally, we express the distributor of a brace S in terms of the associativity of the operation $$\cdot $$
·
, with $$\circ $$
∘
representing the circle or adjoint operation. In this context, $$(\mathcal {D}_r(S),+,\cdot )$$

(

D
r

(
S
)

,
+
,
·
)

constitutes a Jacobson radical ring contained within S. Furthermore, we explore parameters leading to non-equivalent solutions, emphasizing that even deformed solutions by idempotents may not be equivalent. Lastly, considering S as a strong semilattice $$[Y, B_\alpha , \phi _{\alpha ,\beta }]$$

[
Y
,

B
α

,

ϕ

α
,
β

]

of skew braces $$B_\alpha $$

B
α

, we establish that a deformed solution forms a semilattice of solutions on each skew brace $$B_\alpha $$

B
α

if and only if the semilattice Y is bounded by an element 1 and the deforming element z lies in $$B_1$$

B
1

.
Disability during the last ten years of life: evidence from a register-based study in Austria
Authors: Stolz Erwin , Schultz Anna , Zuschnegg Julia , Großschädl Franziska , Dorner Thomas E. , Roller-Wirnsberger Regina , Freidl Wolfgang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnalyses of late-life disability based on survey data of the oldest old often suffer from non-representative samples due to selective participation and attrition. Here, we use register data on the Austrian long-term care allowance (ALTCA) as a proxy for late-life disability. In this retrospective mortality follow-back study, we analyze receipt of ALTCA, a universal cash benefit based on physician-assessed disability in activities of daily living during the last 10 years of life, among all decedents aged 65 years and over from 2020 in Austria (n = 76,781) and its association with sex, age at death, and underlying cause of death. We find that on average, ALTCA was received for 3.5 and 5.3 years in men and women. At 10 years before death, 10% of men and 25% of women received ALTCA, which increased to 56% and 77% at one year before death. Both the probability and duration of ALTCA increased with age at death and varied by cause of death: Those who died from cancer, myocardial infarction, and external causes of death were less likely to receive ALTCA and for shorter durations, while those who died from dementia, Parkinson’s disease, chronic heart disease, or chronic lung disease were more likely to receive it and longer so. Overall, our register-based estimates of the prevalence of late-life disability were higher than previous survey-based estimates. Policy-makers should be aware that costs of long-term care will rise as life expectancy rises and deaths from dementia and chronic heart disease will likely increase in the rapidly aging European societies.
Co-design: From Understanding to Prototyping an Adaptive Learning Technology to Enhance Self-regulated Learning
Authors: Mejeh Mathias , Sarbach Livia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSelf-regulated learning (SRL) is an important aspect of successful knowledge acquisition. Adaptive learning technology (ALT) is a form of educational technology that can improve SRL by offering learners personalized and timely support. Despite the potential of ALT to support SRL, its integration into schools’ pedagogical practices remains a challenge. To address this challenge, this study took a co-design approach to develop and implement an ALT in an upper secondary school over three phases. In the exploration phase, we collected and analyzed qualitative data from structured interviews (n = 14) and group discussions (n = 7) with students and teachers. In the defining phase, we identified problem areas of ALT through a co-design group and formulated suggestions for developments. These suggestions were integrated into the ALT in the shaping phase. The findings showed that the co-design process facilitated better incorporation of the needs of students and teachers into the development of the ALT. Direct integration of user perceptions and descriptions strengthened the connection between ALT and SRL while enhancing the tool’s adaptability. Not all suggestions from the co-design group could be implemented into the ALT. In the future, more attention should be given to understanding the interfaces between different groups of actors in the co-design process, particularly in K-12 education contexts.
Equine-Assisted Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and the Role of Personality Functioning, Emphasizing Self-Control and Identity integration
Authors: Kovács Géza , van Dijke Annemiek , Leontjevas Roeslan , Enders-Slegers Marie-José 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Patients with maladaptive personality functioning often experience poorer outcomes in psychotherapy. However, little is known about the role of personality functioning in animal-assisted psychotherapy. This study examines the role of personality functioning in Equine-assisted short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (ESTPP) for adults with intrapsychic and interpersonal problems (N = 92), comparing it to treatment-as-usual (TAU, N = 107) using an exploratory non-randomized pre- and post-treatment design. We assessed psychological dysfunction and personality domains, including self-control, identity integration, responsibility, relational capacities, and social concordance, while also exploring the impact of therapeutic alliance on outcomes. Despite higher psychological dysfunction scores in ESTPP participants, linear mixed models demonstrated significant improvement in psychological dysfunction in both conditions. Higher levels of personality domains were associated with lower psychological dysfunction in ESTPP, except for self-control. However, higher baseline scores of self-control and identity integration were linked to weaker improvement in psychological dysfunction in both conditions, with ESTPP showing less improvement in identity integration. The therapeutic alliance did not significantly influence the outcomes. While ESTPP may benefit highly distressed patients, those with severe personality problems might require additional support, particularly in self-control and identity integration. This underscores the significance of exploring personality functioning to enhance therapy outcomes. Further research and application of ESTPP is warranted.
Intentional scaffolding of advising, mentoring, and wise intervention programming in the 1st year experience promotes student resilience in the face of a global pandemic: a case study of STEM student responses to college and COVID-19 stressors
Authors: Zorwick M. Leslie Wade , Kinoshita Veronica , Lassiter-Counts Leigh , Moran Matthew , MacDonald Laura 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this research, we assessed the impacts of participation in a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Scholars community built around the scaffolding of multiple strategies that fostered belonging and integrated the use of wise psychological interventions to enhance the experiences of college students who belong to groups that have been historically underrepresented in STEM. Wise interventions are small, psychological strategies that have been demonstrated to have a profound positive impact on student experiences and success in academic contexts. We found evidence that our STEM Scholars community encouraged the development of growth mindsets, helped our students experience meaningful inclusion and belonging in college, and facilitated students’ ability to connect their personal values and academic work. We also saw strong evidence that the structures we placed as part of their 1st year experience contributed to our students’ resilience in the face of the stressors caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
‘Bad Jobs’ in Europe: Derivation and Analysis of a Wellbeing-Related Job Quality Threshold
Authors: Green Francis , Lee Sangwoo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA method is proposed for defining the threshold of a ‘bad job’, based on a discontinuity in the relationship between a composite index of job quality and subjective wellbeing. Applied to European data, there is a monotonic relationship between the job quality index and psychological wellbeing. However, there is a distinctly large increase in psychological wellbeing, and in several measures of work-related wellbeing, between workers in the lowest decile and those in the second lowest decile of job quality. We therefore propose that ‘bad jobs’ should be designated as those in lowest decile. Using this threshold gives a ‘bad jobs’/ ‘other jobs’ dichotomy that discriminates on wellbeing far better than definitions based only on low earnings and job insecurity. Using multi-level probit analysis, we find that bad jobs are more common in poorer countries and in countries with weaker labour regulation. Three findings differentiate the distributional pattern of bad jobs from that of low-earnings jobs: first, the prevalence of bad jobs is greater in large establishments; second, there is no gender gap in the prevalence of bad jobs; third, working in the private sector raises the chance of being in a bad job but not of being in a low earnings job.
Neuroimaging evaluations of olfactory, gustatory, and neurological deficits in patients with long-term sequelae of COVID-19
Authors: Masala Carla , Porcu Michele , Orofino Gianni , Defazio Giovanni , Pinna Ilenia , Solla Paolo , Ercoli Tommaso , Suri Jasjit S. , Spinato Giacomo , Saba Luca 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe World Health Organization indicated that around 36 million of patients in the European Region showed long COVID associated with olfactory and gustatory deficits. The precise mechanism underlying long COVID clinical manifestations is still debated. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential correlations between odor threshold, odor discrimination, odor identification, and the activation of specific brain areas in patients after COVID-19. Sixty subjects, 27 patients (15 women and 12 men) with long COVID and a mean age of 40.6 ± 13.4 years, were compared to 33 age-matched healthy controls (20 women and 13 men) with a mean age of 40.5 ± 9.8 years. Our data showed that patients with long COVID symptoms exhibited a significant decrease in odor threshold, odor discrimination, odor identification, and their sum TDI score compared to age-matched healthy controls. In addition, our results indicated significant correlations between odor discrimination and the increased activation in the right hemisphere, in the frontal pole, and in the superior frontal gyrus. This study indicated that the resting-state fMRI in combination with the objective evaluation of olfactory and gustatory function may be useful for the evaluation of patients with long COVID associated with anosmia and hyposmia.
Linking financial ecosystem and the growth of young SMEs: evidence from Spanish regions
Authors: Vega-Pascual Manuela , di Pietro Filippo , Palacín-Sánchez María-José , Alfalla-Luque Rafaela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study analyses the effect of the financial ecosystem on the growth of young firms at the regional level. This subject is relatively new in entrepreneurial finance research since most of the previous studies have failed to consider all the alternative sources of external financing to which young firms have access. This study highlights the relevance of alternative resources and actors in the financial environment beyond traditional banks, such as crowdfunding, business angels, peer-to-peer lending, accelerators, incubators and venture capital. Specifically, our research incorporates a proxy of the development of the financial ecosystem based on survey data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Moreover, our investigation uses a sample of young small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) representing every Spanish region between 2008 and 2015. The empirical analysis applies panel data methodology. The results show that the growth of young enterprises depends on developing a regional financial ecosystem, evidencing that better access to external finance favours the growth of young firms. This relationship is even more relevant among early-stage firms, which suggests that firm age moderates the relationship between the regional financial ecosystem and the growth of young SMEs.
Efficient Combustion of the Fixed Coal Layer in an Advanced Combustion Chamber Design for Low-Power Boilers
Authors: Kudasheva A. B. , Khazimov M. Zh. , Niyazbayev A. K. , Tursynzhanova A. A. , Borsikbayeva A. B. , Urmashev B. A. , Gorburov V. D. , Khazimov K. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the long term, coal will remain a competitive resource in the thermal power sector, primarily due to its abundant global reserves and low costs. Despite numerous factors, including significant environmental concerns, the global share of coal power generation has remained at 40% over the past four decades. Efficient and clean coal combustion is a high priority wherever coal is used as a fuel. An improved low-power boiler design has been proposed to enhance efficiency during fixed-bed coal combustion. This design reduces harmful emissions into the atmosphere by optimizing parameters and operating modes. In this study, mathematical modeling of gas velocity and temperature distribution during fixed-bed coal combustion was conducted for a conventional grate system and an improved grate-free system. Experimental methods were employed to develop descriptive airflow models in the fixed coal layer, considering nozzle diameter and air supply pressure in the furnace chamber without a grate system. Comparative evaluations of fixed-bed coal combustion rates were performed using an experimental laboratory setup with both grate and grate-free stove systems.
Zur Konstruktion der EU als Wertegemeinschaft in der deutschen Öffentlichkeit
Authors: Wallaschek Stefan 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die EU wird gemeinhin als Wertegemeinschaft verstanden. Die geteilte Wertebasis gerät zunehmend unter Druck wie politische Auseinandersetzungen in Polen oder Ungarn zeigen. Weniger bekannt ist jedoch, wie die EU als Wertegemeinschaft diskursiv in der Öffentlichkeit konstruiert wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag baut auf der Forschung zu mediatisierten Wertekonflikten, Wertewandel in Europa und Werteframing auf und schlägt eine neue Wertetypologie vor, die Werte als institutionalistisch, individualistisch und kollektivistisch klassifiziert. Daran anknüpfend wird der öffentliche Diskurs über die EU als Wertegemeinschaft in sieben deutschen Printmedien im Zeitraum 2019 bis 2021 anhand einer quantitativen und qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse untersucht. Im ersten Schritt wird gefragt, welche Werte im Diskurs gemeinsam auftreten. Dabei zeigt sich eine Fokussierung auf Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Demokratie als primäre Werte und Freiheit und Solidarität als sekundäre Werte. Im zweiten Schritt werden sechs frames herausgearbeitet, die die EU als Wertegemeinschaft konstruieren. Der Diskurs ist krisen-inhärent, da er die Wertediskussion mit Krisen wie der COVID-19 Pandemie oder mit der Krise um das europäische Migrationsregime verbindet. Zudem lässt sich eine Gefahr von innen durch populistische Parteien und autoritäre Tendenzen in EU-Mitgliedsstaaten von der Gefahr von außen unterscheiden. Letztere dient als werte-orientierte Abgrenzung zu anderen Staaten wie Russland und China. Frames, die die Einigkeit der EU sowie die EU als Friedensprojekt betonen, sind schwächer im Diskurs vertreten. Die Arbeit trägt zu einem besseren Verständnis der EU als Wertegemeinschaft bei und welche Werte ihr in der öffentlichen Debatte in Deutschland zugeschrieben werden.
The emergence of large flake-based Acheulian technology: perspective from the highland site-complex of Melka Wakena, Ethiopia
Authors: Gossa Tegenu , Hovers Erella 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIsaac GL (1969) proposed that Large Cutting Tools (LCTs) made on large flake blanks detached from giant/boulder cores are the key technological variable that distinguishes the Acheulian from the Oldowan. The production of large flake blanks was initially observed in the earliest records of the Acheulian technology in Africa ca. 1.75 Ma, subsequently becoming a technological feature of many sites across eastern Africa. Still, the mode and tempo of evolution of the large flake-based Acheulian technology remains poorly understood. Here we report on the large flake-based Acheulian assemblage at locality MW5 in the Melka Wakena site-complex, chronologically constrained between 1.37 and 1.34 Ma. At the site-complex level we note that aspects related to small flake production remain relatively unchanged since ~ 1.6 Ma. Secondary modification of small flakes by retouch remained marginal and there is only a slight increase in the frequency of structured reduction of cores, compared to the earlier 1.6 Ma assemblage. In contrast, the MW5 lithic assemblages inform of the diachronic shift of lithic techno-economy into a large flake-based LCTs technology. This shift is characterized by: (1) A highly selective use of a specific raw material (glassy ignimbrite) for the production of large flake blanks; (2) transport of prepared large flake blanks from relatively distant sources into the sites as part of a spatially and temporally fragmented reduction sequence; (3) improved know-how of large flake production, (4) the introduction of the Kombewa technology; (5) a unified technological concept for the production of handaxes and cleavers, diverging only in the specific decisions determining their final shape parameters. Taken together, these trends indicate changes in techno-economic strategies related to LCT production, including higher levels of pre-planning in the raw material acquisition stage and higher investment in controlling the morphometric properties of the artifacts.
Force generation and resistance in human mitosis
Authors: Caldwell Colleen C. , Clement Tinka V. M. , Wuite Gijs J. L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSince the first observations of chromosome segregation over 150 years ago, efforts to observe the forces that drive mitosis have evolved alongside advances in microscopy. The mitotic spindle acts as the major generator of force through the highly regulated polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules as well as associated motor proteins. Centromeric chromatin, along with associated proteins including cohesin and condensin, is organized to resist these forces and ensure accurate chromosome segregation. Microtubules and centromeric chromatin join at the kinetochore, a complex protein superstructure. Ongoing research into the forces generated at the kinetochore-microtubule interface has resulted in a range of estimates for forces necessary to separate chromosomes, from tens to hundreds of piconewtons. Still, the exact magnitude and regulation of these forces remain areas of continuing investigation. Determining the precise forces involved in chromosome segregation is hindered by limitations of current measurement techniques, but advances such as optical tweezers combined with fluorescence microscopy are promising for future research.
Study of the optical and structural properties of copper nanoparticles prepared via the electrochemical technique
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Shareef , Kadhim Seenaa Essa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the current study, copper nanoparticles (np-Cus) are produced on an ITO-coated glass substrate using an affordable, template-free electrochemical method using copper sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O) as a complexing agent. It has been found that the current density had a significant impact on regulating the formation of nanocrystals during electrodeposition. By carefully adjusting the electrolyte concentration in this process, copper nanoparticles of various sizes and densities were created by altering the current density. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to analyze the morphological.Structural evolution of copper nanoparticles as they were initially created. Structural analysis revealed the face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure of copper. Nanoparticles grown along the preferential (111) growth orientation and crystallinity of the thin layer deposited at 1.6 mAcm−2 is improved compared to the thin layers deposited at 0.8 and 0.5 mAcm−2.The roughly 512 nm-sized, regular, homogenous, and very dense copper nanoparticles were produced directly on an ITO-coated glass substrate. The optical properties of Cu nanoparticles are strongly affected by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). UV–visible analysis shows that the maximum surface plasmon peak of np-Cus generated at 1.6 mAcm−2 appears near 366 nm. The thin films around 550 nm are significantly higher compared to other thin films deposited at deposition current densities of 0.8 and 0.5 mAcm−2. Surface roughness was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), in the field of catalysis. In environmental remediation, copper nanoparticles are expected to become an excellent alternative and play a vital role.
Highly dispersive optical solitons with polarization-mode dispersion for polynomial law of self-phase modulation
Authors: Alngar Mohamed E. M. , Shohib Reham. M. A. , Yıldırım Yakup , Hussein Layth , Jawad Anwar Ja’afar Mohamad , Moshokoa Seithuti P. , Biswas Anjan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper recovers highly dispersive 1-soliton solutions with differential group delay and having polynomial law of self-phase modulation structure. Two integration approaches have made this retrieval possible. They are the extended auxiliary equation method and Kudryashov’s algorithm. Together, these yielded a full spectrum of 1-soliton solutions along with their respective parameter constraints that are also presented.