bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternate Light Source Findings of Common Topical Products
Authors: Pollitt Erin N. , Anderson Jocelyn C. , Scafide Katherine N. , Holbrook Debra , D’Silva Glynis , Sheridan Daniel J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:One of the important roles of a forensic clinician is to perform examinations of patients who are victims and suspects of crime. Alternate light source (ALS) is a tool that can improve evidence collection and enhance visualization of injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine if commonly used topical products fluoresce or absorb when examined with an ALS. Second, we aimed to identify patient and examination variables that may impact findings.Methods:A convenience sample of 81 subjects was used. After the application of 14 over-the-counter products, researchers observed the participants’ skin with an ALS under 18 combinations of wavelengths and colored filters.Results:Of the 14 products viewed (n= 1458 observations per product), six were found to fluoresce under alternate light in more than 40% of observations, five fluoresced in 1%–10% of observations, and three fluoresced less than 1% of the time. One product (a makeup product) absorbed ALS light consistently (81%), and a second (a sunscreen product) absorbed in 7%, whereas the remaining 12 products produced absorption findings in less than 1% of observations. In generalized mixed linear models, absorption findings were more commonly identified in participants with light or medium skin tones when compared with those with dark skin tones.Discussion:These results suggest that the presence of topical products may impact ALS findings. A thorough forensic clinical assessment should include a documented history, including assessment of potential sources of findings, to aid in interpretation.
Ethical Issues to Consider in the Design of HIV Prevention Trials Involving Transgender People
Authors: Singh Jerome Amir 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
Although transgender women have been included in HIV prevention pre-exposure prophylaxis studies, no pre-exposure prophylaxis study has focused exclusively on transgender persons. Drawing on the cardinal principles of ethics espoused in the Belmont Report, this work highlights, among other issues, that (1) the principle of Justice requires the HIV prevention field to focus exclusively on transgender persons, (2) the disclosure of potential study-related risks to study participants demonstrates Respect for Persons, and (3) devising risk mitigation plans, optimizing a proposed study's standard of care, and the provision of ancillary care satisfy the principle of Beneficence.
The Role of Laparoscopy in the Treatment of Anastomotic Leaks After Minimally Invasive Colorectal Resections for Cancer
Authors: Cimitan Andrea , Contardo Tania , Molaro Roberta , Morpurgo Emilio 
Published: July 2016

Aim of the Study:
The aim of this study was to describe the role of laparoscopy in the treatment of leaks occurring after minimally invasive colorectal resections.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-four of 566 consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive colorectal resection for cancer between January 2004 and December 2012 and who showed signs of anastomotic leakage (6%) requiring reoperation were studied using a prospectively maintained database. Patient characteristics, clinical signs, the surgical approach, the role of laparoscopy, operative and postoperative results, and the rate of permanent stoma were analyzed.

Results:
The median time to diagnosis of an anastomotic leak after surgery was 5.5 days. The median time to reoperation from the diagnosis of leakage was 2 days. Leaks were treated laparoscopically in 21 of 34 (61.8%) patients. Anastomoses were dismantled in 14 patients (41.2%) and the procedure was performed laparoscopically in 28.6% of the cases. The postoperative morbidity was 55.9%, the perioperative mortality 5.7%, and the rate of permanent stoma was 8.8%.

Conclusions:
Laparoscopic reoperation can be performed in most cases of anastomotic leaks occurring after minimally invasive colorectal resection for cancer. Anastomosis can be dismantled laparoscopically in 28.6% of the cases. A permanent stoma was necessary only in patients with terminal stomas.
Strategic adjustment of parental care: life-history trade-offs and the role of glucocorticoids
Authors: Akçay Çağlar , Lendvai Ádám Z. , Stanback Mark , Hausmann Mark , Moore Ignacio T. , Bonier Fran 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLife history theory predicts that optimal strategies of parental investment will depend on ecological and social factors such as current brood value and offspring need. Parental care strategies are also likely to be mediated in part by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and glucocorticoid hormones. Here we present an experiment in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), a biparental songbird with wide geographic distribution, asking whether parental care is strategically adjusted in response to signals of offspring need and brood value and whether glucocorticoids are involved in these adjustments. Using an automated playback system, we carried out playbacks of nestling begging calls specifically to females in two populations differing in their brood value: a northern population in Ontario, Canada (relatively high brood value) and a southern population in North Carolina, USA (lower brood value). We quantified female offspring provisioning rates before and during playbacks and plasma corticosterone levels (cort) once during late incubation and once immediately after playbacks. Females in both populations increased feeding rates temporarily during the first two hours of playback but the increase was not sustained for the entire duration of playback (six hours). Cort levels from samples at the end of the playback did not differ between control females and females that received playbacks. However, females that had higher increases in cort between the incubation and nestling period had greater fledging success. These results suggest that females are able to strategically respond to offspring need, although the role of glucocorticoids in this strategic adjustment remains unclear.
Fostering social relationships through food rituals in a New Zealand school
Authors: Neely Eva , Walton Mat , Stephens Christine 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– Food practices, including associated routines, rituals, and habits, are an unexplored area in school health promotion. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap through exploring how food rituals act as vehicles for young people to establish, maintain, and strengthen social relationships.Design/methodology/approach– Through an ethnographic inquiry, including observations and interviews with teachers and 16-18 years old students in New Zealand, everyday practices were explored in-depth across one school year.Findings– The findings include three food rituals as significant for young people in managing their social relationships, including the lunch walk, ritualised sharing, and gifting food. The findings highlight the importance of everyday food rituals for young people’s social relationships. For instance, gifting cake mediated care to friends, showed trust in the relationship, and allowed to reciprocate; the lunch walk encouraged social interaction and was a means by which young people could integrate into a new group; and ritualised sharing food involved negotiating friendship boundaries.Research limitations/implications– The study is exploratory with findings reported from one school. Further research exploring how young people use food rituals in their everyday lives for managing social relationships is needed.Originality/value– A focus on social relationships in settings such as schools could broaden the scope of nutrition promotion to promote health in physical, mental, and social dimensions. Implications for school health promotion are discussed.
What goes on behind closed doors?
Authors: Sintov Nicole , Dux Ellen , Tran Agassi , Orosz Michael 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the impact of a competition-based intervention combining high-resolution electricity feedback, incentives, information and prompts on college dormitory residents’ energy consumption and participation in demand response events. The authors also investigated changes in individual-level pro-environmental behaviors and examined psychosocial correlates of behavior change.

Design/methodology/approach
Residents of 39 suites in a freshman residence hall competed against one another to reduce energy consumption and win prizes as part of a three-week competition. Feedback was provided in near real-time at the suite-level via an interactive touch-screen kiosk. Participants also completed baseline and follow-up surveys.

Findings
Electricity use among all suites was approximately 6.4 per cent lower during the competition period compared to baseline, a significant reduction. Additionally, participants reported engaging in various pro-environmental behaviors significantly more frequently during the competition relative to baseline. Changes in pro-environmental behavior were associated with changes in level of group identification and perceived social norms.

Practical implications
In three weeks, dormitory residents saved 3,158 kWh of electricity compared to baseline – the equivalent of more than 3,470 pounds of carbon dioxide emissions. The findings provide evidence that real-time feedback, combined with incentives, information and prompts, can motivate on-campus residents to reduce energy consumption.

Originality/value
The authors contribute to a limited body of evidence supporting the effectiveness of dorm energy competitions in motivating college students to save energy. In addition, the authors identified individual-level behavioral and psychosocial changes made during such an intervention. University residential life planners may also use the results of this research to inform student programming.
Selling empire: a historical perspective on selling foreign products in domestic markets
Authors: Moore Jonathan Allen 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how the Empire Marketing Board used enhanced marketing tools and approaches to reduce British consumer bias against foreign products. The paper asks: “How have marketers historically increased foreign exports to domestic markets?”

Design/methodology/approach
The paper comprises an historical account of the Empire Marketing Board during the 1920s and 1930s. Applying a qualitative approach, it relies on archival materials gathered by the author in the United Kingdom – including official and personal papers; newspaper and poster advertisements of the Board; and existing scholarship for its information.

Findings
The Board used three strategies in its advertisements: collaboration, showing how domestic and overseas markets were linked in mutually beneficial ways; globalization, emphasizing the expansive “home” market and the benefits of removing borders; and producer profiles, narrating the producers of imperial products to create the desire to benefit producers.

Practical implications
The strategies of the Board are not dissimilar to fair trade campaigns used by the private sector today, notably in coffee. Looking forward, these approaches could be valid ways for companies today to reduce consumer bias against foreign goods, and this paper hopes to be a stepping-stone for future research.

Originality/value
Analyzing under-used archival sources, the paper illuminates the complex processes and ideologies embedded within the Board’s campaigns. The Empire Marketing Board played an important role in the interwar British consumer conceptualization of the relationship between Britain and her Empire, construction of a global British “home” market and the familiarization of imperial producers.
The High Risk of Contrast‐induced Nephropathy in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism Despite Three Different Prophylaxis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Turedi Suleyman , Erdem Erkan , Karaca Yunus , Tatli Ozgur , Sahin Aynur , Turkmen Suha , Gunduz Abdulkadir 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to compare the protective effects of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) plus normal saline (NS), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) plus NS, and NS alone in the prevention of contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) after computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in emergency patients.MethodsThis study was planned as a randomized, controlled clinical research. Patients undergoing contrast‐enhanced CTPA on suspicion of pulmonary embolism (PE) in the emergency department and with at least one risk factor for development of CIN were included in one of three different prophylaxis groups. The groups received 3 mL/kg intravenous (IV) NAC+NS or NaHCO3+NS solution or NS alone 1 hour before CTPA and 1 mL/kg IV per hour for a minimum of 6 hours after CTPA. CIN was evaluated as the primary outcome and moderate or severe renal insufficiency and in‐hospital mortality as secondary outcomes.ResultsA total of 257 patients were enrolled in the study. The total level of CIN development was 23.7% (61/257), the level of moderate and severe renal failure was 12.5% (32/257), and the in‐hospital mortality rate was 12.8% (33/257). Rates of CIN development in the drug groups were 23.5% in the NAC group (20/85), 21.2% (18/85) in the NaHCO3 group, and 26.4% in the NS group (23/87). Rates of development of moderate or severe renal insufficiency were 9.4% in the NAC group (8/85), 10.6% in the NaHCO3 group (9/85), and 17.2% in the NS group (15/87). In‐hospital mortality rates were 12.9% in the NAC group (11/85), 11.8% in the NaHCO3 group (10/85), and 13.8% in the NS group (12/87). No difference was determined between the drug groups in terms of CIN, moderate or severe renal injury, or hospital mortality.ConclusionsOur results indicate that there is a high risk of CIN in patients with suspected PE despite three different types of prophylaxis being administered, and no statistically significant differences were observed among prophylactic NAC, NaHCO3, and NS in prevention of CIN following contrast‐enhanced CTPA.
Intervention study shows suboptimal growth among children receiving a food supplement for five months in a slum in Bangladesh
Authors: Choudhury Nuzhat , Bromage Sabri , Alam Md. Ashraful , Shamsir Ahmed A.M. , Munirul Islam M. , Iqbal Hossain M. , Mahfuz Mustafa , Mondal Dinesh , Haque Rashidul , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThis study assessed weight and height changes among underweight children who received a locally produced, cereal‐based, ready‐to‐use supplementary food.MethodsWe recruited 500 underweight Bangladeshi children aged 6–23 months from a Dhaka slum and individually matched them by sex and neighbourhood with 480 well‐nourished controls. The intervention group received the daily food supplement for five months, and both groups received daily micronutrient supplements. Their weight, height, mid‐upper‐arm circumference and head circumference were measured monthly.ResultsThe children's mean daily weight gain decreased from 1.27 to 0.66 grams per kilogram per day (g/kg/day) in the intervention group and 0.77 to 0.49 g/kg/day in the controls after adjusting for age differences between the two groups from baseline to five months of follow‐up. The mean monthly height gain decreased from 1.13 to 1.03 millimetres per metre per month in the intervention children and 1.26 to 1.01 in the controls. The weight gain was highest in the intervention children who were most wasted at baseline and the controls who were least stunted.ConclusionThe children showed suboptimal growth despite food supplements, highlighting the need for ongoing research to develop inexpensive, locally sourced food supplements to improve the nutrition of underweight children in Bangladesh.
Front‐Running Scalping Strategies and Market Manipulation: Why Does High‐Frequency Trading Need Stricter Regulation?
Authors: Manahov* Viktor 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRegulators continue to debate whether high‐frequency trading (HFT) is beneficial to market quality. Using Strongly Typed Genetic Programming (STGP) trading algorithm, we develop several artificial stock markets populated with HFT scalpers and strategic informed traders. We simulate real‐life trading in the millisecond time frame by applying STGP to real‐time and historical data from Apple, Exxon Mobil, and Google. We observe that HFT scalpers front‐run the order flow, resulting in damage to market quality and long‐term investors. To mitigate these negative implications, we propose batch auctions every 30 milliseconds of trading.
Radiography on wheels arrives to nursing homes – an economic assessment of a new health care technology in southern Sweden
Authors: Dozet Alexander , Ivarsson Bodil , Eklund Karin , Klefsgård Rosemarie , Geijer Mats 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe process of transferring older, vulnerable adults from an elder care facility to the hospital for medical care can be an emotionally and physically stressful experience. The recent development of modern mobile radiography may help to ease this anxiety by allowing for evaluation in the nursing home itself. Up until this point, no health economic evaluation of the technology has been attempted in a Swedish setting. The objective of this study was to determine whether examinations of patients in elder care facilities with mobile radiography were cost‐effective from a societal perspective compared with hospital‐based radiological examinations.MethodsThis prospective study included two groups of nursing home residents in two different areas in southern Sweden. All residents in the nursing homes were targeted for the study. Seventy‐one patients were examined with hospital‐based radiography at two hospitals, and 312 patients were examined using mobile radiography in nursing homes. Given that the diagnostic effects are regarded as equivalent, a cost minimization method was applied. Direct costs were estimated using prices from the county council, Region Skåne, Sweden.ResultsFrom a societal perspective, mobile radiography was shown to have significantly lower costs per examination compared with hospital‐based radiography. The difference in health care‐related costs was also significant in favour of mobile radiography.ConclusionMobile radiography can be used to examine patients in nursing homes at a lower cost than hospital‐based radiography. Patients benefit from not having to transfer to a hospital for radiography, resulting in reduced anxiety for patients.
As thick as three in a bed
Authors: Scheidegger Christoph 
Published: July 2016

During the evolution of the lichen symbiosis, shifts from one main type of photobiont to another were infrequent (Miadlikowska et al. ) but some remarkable transitions from green algal to diazotrophic cyanobacterial photobionts are known from unrelated fungal clades within the ascomycetes. Cyanobacterial, including tripartite, associations (green algal and cyanobacterial photobionts in one lichen individual) facilitate these holobionts to live as C‐ and N‐autotrophs. Tripartite lichens are among the most productive lichens, which provide N‐fertilization to forest ecosystems under oceanic climates (Peltigerales) or deliver low, but ecologically significant N‐input into subarctic and alpine soil communities (Lecanorales, Agyriales). In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Schneider et al. (2016) mapped morphometric data against an eight‐locus fungal phylogeny across a transition of photobiont interactions from green algal to a tripartite association and used a phylogenetic comparative framework to explore the role of nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria in size differences in the Trapelia–Placopsis clade (Agyriales). Within the group of tripartite species, the volume of cyanobacteria‐containing structures (cephalodia) correlates with thallus thickness in both phylogenetic generalized least squares and phylogenetic generalized linear mixed‐effects analyses, and the fruiting body core volume increased ninefold. The authors conclude that cyanobacterial symbiosis appears to have enabled lichens to overcome size constraints in oligotrophic environments such as rock surfaces. The Trapelia–Placopsis clade analyzed by Schneider et al. (2016) is an exciting example of interactions between ecology, phylogeny and lichen biology including development – from thin crustose green algal microlichens to thick placodioid, tripartite macrolichens: as thick as three in a bed (Scott ).
Protection against bacterial soft rot by olive extracts is related to general defence induction in potato tubers
Authors: Ouanas S. , Hamelin G. , Hervet M. , Andrivon D. , Val F. , Yahiaoui‐Zaidi R. 
Published: July 2016

Controlling bacterial plant diseases remains a challenge, as direct chemical control is usually not possible. Obtaining new biocontrol methods, in particular efficient biomolecules able to boost defence reactions and limit infection or symptom development, is therefore of major importance. This study screened extracts from leaves of two Mediterranean plants rich in bioactive phenolic compounds, olive and carob, for their ability to reduce soft rot severity and to trigger phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) activity in potato tuber slices. Extracts from olive leaves significantly reduced disease severity caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum or Pectobacterium carotovorum, whereas carob leaf extracts significantly increased it. Olive extracts and its main phenolic components, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, also significantly increased PAL activity 7.5 h after application. None of the extracts or purified molecules reduced bacterial growth in vitro. Furthermore, the effect of these extracts varied according to potato cultivars. These data therefore open new ways for the biological control of soft rot bacteria, but stress the importance of understanding the causes of response difference in different potato varieties in order to obtain optimal efficacy.
Co‐Hyperintensionality
Authors: Faroldi Federico L. G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCo‐hyperintensionality, or hyperintensional equivalence, is a relation holding between two or more contents that can be substituted in a hyperintensional context salva veritate. I argue that two strategies used to provide criteria for co‐hyperintensionality (appeal to some form of impossible worlds, or to structural or procedural equivalence of propositions) fail. I argue that there is no generalized notion of co‐hyperintensionality that meets plausible desiderata, by showing that the opposite thesis leads to falsity. As a conclusion, I suggest to take co‐hyperintensionality as a primitive and I provide a general criterion of co‐hyperintensionality whose content depends on each hyperintensional notion we aim to formalize.
Bayesian Survival Modelling of University Outcomes
Authors: Vallejos Catalina A. , Steel Mark F. J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryDropouts and delayed graduations are critical issues in higher education systems world wide. A key task in this context is to identify risk factors associated with these events, providing potential targets for mitigating policies. For this, we employ a discrete time competing risks survival model, dealing simultaneously with university outcomes and its associated temporal component. We define survival times as the duration of the student's enrolment at university and possible outcomes as graduation or two types of dropout (voluntary and involuntary), exploring the information recorded at admission time (e.g. educational level of the parents) as potential predictors. Although similar strategies have been previously implemented, we extend the previous methods by handling covariate selection within a Bayesian variable selection framework, where model uncertainty is formally addressed through Bayesian model averaging. Our methodology is general; however, here we focus on undergraduate students enrolled in three selected degree programmes of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile during the period 2000–2011. Our analysis reveals interesting insights, highlighting the main covariates that influence students’ risk of dropout and delayed graduation.