bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of microwave power transfer near sea surface with 2D parabolic equation method
Authors: Hui Jinyi , Bao Rong , Mu Jingkuan , Chi Xiang , Liu Chunliang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to the existence of the evaporation duct near‐sea‐surface described as an inhomogeneous refractive index of atmosphere, microwaves can be trapped in the duct and propagate along it. To investigate wireless power transfer (WPT) over the sea surface, we utilize the two‐dimensional parabolic equation to calculate the electric field distribution and to obtain the transferred power. By analysing the propagation results with specific evaluation functions, we obtained the proper conditions for long‐distance WPT over the sea surface. When the initial field distributes uniformly on the one‐meter aperture, the frequency is 12 GHz, and the centre position is 4 m, a unique focusing spot can be obtained in the duct and nearly 5%, 8%, and 12% of the initial power remains at a distance of 10 km with a receiving aperture of 1, 2, and 3 m, respectively. The presented WPT scheme near the sea surface has potential applications in the power supply or charging for ships or small islands.
A temperature rise calculation model of wind turbine gearbox gear considering crack fault and tooth number difference
Authors: Lin Shiyu , Zhao Hongshan , Yang Weixin , Li Xibei , Sun Chengyan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe crack fault of gear is usually accompanied by temperature rise. Therefore, to master the temperature characteristics of the cracked gear of the wind turbine gearbox, a temperature rise calculation model of wind turbine gearbox gear considering crack fault and tooth number difference is proposed. Firstly, the time‐varying meshing stiffness model of the cracked gear considering the tooth number difference is established based on the potential energy method. Secondly, the calculation method of the meshing surface normal load of the cracked gear is deduced. Thirdly, the temperature rise calculation model of the meshing surface of the cracked gear is constructed based on Blok flash temperature theory. Finally, the data of the high‐speed gear of a wind turbine gearbox in northern China is selected for simulation verification. By comparing with the finite element method, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. The simulation results reveal the gear temperature characteristics of the wind turbine gearbox with different crack ratios. The research can provide some theoretical support for the accurate fault diagnosis and maintenance of wind turbine gearbox, and can also be applied to the fault diagnosis of gear cracks in other mechanical structures with a large transmission ratio.
Forgotten treasures in the HST/FOC UV imaging polarimetric archives of active galactic nuclei
Authors: Marin F. , Barnouin T. , Wu K. , Lopez-Rodriguez E. 
Published: October 2024

Context. The active galactic nucleus within M87, a giant elliptical galaxy, is responsible for one of the closest kiloparsec-scale relativistic jets to Earth. It is thus a perfect target for spatially resolved observations.
Aims. This one-sided jet has been extensively observed at almost all wavelengths, with almost all techniques. Among many other discoveries, it was found that the optical emission is more concentrated in the knots and along the center line of the jet, in comparison to, for example, the radio emission. A remaining question relates to what we can learn from its polarized counterpart.
Methods. We unearthed unpublished polarization maps taken with the Faint Object Camera (FOC) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), obtained between 1995 and 1999. At a rate of one observation per year, we can follow the evolution of the polarized flux knots in the jet. We can thus constrain the timescale of variation in the magnetic field up to a spatial resolution of one tenth of an arcsecond (∼11.5 pc).
Results. After coherently reducing the five observations using the same methodology presented in the first paper of this series, the analysis of polarized maps from POS 1 (base of the jet) and POS 3 (end of the jet) reveals significant temporal and spatial dynamics in the jet’s magnetic field morphology. Despite minimal changes in the overall intensity structure, notable fluctuations in polarization degrees and angles are detected across various knots and inter-knot regions. In addition, the emission and polarization characteristics of M87’s jet differ significantly between POS1 and POS3. POS1 shows a more collimated jet with strong variability in polarization, while POS3 reveals a thicker structure, a quasi-absence of variability, and complex magnetic field interactions. This suggests that the jet may have coaxial structures with distinct kinetic properties. Theoretical models like the jet-in-jet scenario, featuring double-helical magnetic flux ropes, help to explain these observations and indicate a strong density contrast and higher speeds in the inner jet.
Conclusions. Our temporal analysis demonstrates the importance of high-spatial-resolution polarization mapping in understanding jets’ polarization properties and overall dynamics, especially if such maps are taken at different wavelengths (ultraviolet and radio).
Neuroprotektive Wirkungen von Antidiabetika in der Therapie von Patienten mit Diabetes und Glaukom oder hohem Glaukomrisiko
Authors: Weisser Burkhard , Erb Carl 
Published: October 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas Glaukom ist mit zahlreichen Risikofaktoren und internistischen Erkrankungen wie Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 verbunden. Der Typ-2-Diabetes-mellitus führt peripher und im Gehirn zu neurodegenerativen Veränderungen. Möglicherweise liegt in der Neurodegeneration auch eine Gemeinsamkeit in der Pathophysiologie und Ätiologie beider Erkrankungen. Interessanterweise scheinen zahlreiche Medikamente zur Therapie des Diabetes mellitus unabhängig von der Senkung des Blutzuckers neuroprotektive Eigenschaften aufzuweisen. Obwohl prospektive, randomisierte klinische Studien dazu noch fehlen, scheinen besonders Metformin und Glucagon-like-Peptide-1-Receptor-Agonisten (GLP-1-RA) neuroprotektive Effekte aufzuweisen. Die immer noch sehr häufig eingesetzten Sulfonylharnstoffe (z. B. Glibenclamid, Glimepirid) senken zwar sehr potent den Blutzucker, haben bez. der Neuroprotektion wohl vergleichsweise weniger Effekte. In der vorliegenden Übersicht werden diese unterschiedlich ausgeprägten neuroprotektiven Befunde dargestellt und eine mögliche Differenzialtherapie für Diabetiker mit Glaukom oder erhöhtem Glaukomrisiko in der Praxis diskutiert.
Diabetische Nephropathie und Progressionsverlangsamung der CKD
Authors: Krüger Thilo 
Published: October 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Verlangsamung des Krankheitsverlaufs bei chronischer Nierenkrankheit (CKD: „chronic kidney disease“) stellt eine wesentliche, wenn nicht die wesentlichste Aufgabe von Nephrologinnen und Nephrologen dar. Aufgrund der Häufigkeit von Diabetes mellitus kommt der diabetischen Nephropathie dabei ein bedeutender Stellenwert zu. Erfreulicherweise haben sich in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche Neuerungen in Bezug auf therapeutische Möglichkeiten ergeben. Dieser Artikel fasst sowohl altbekannte als auch neue Behandlungsmethoden zur Progressionsverlangsamung der diabetischen Nephropathie zusammen.
Phenotype and Genotype of Children with ALS2 gene-Related Disorder
Authors: Yoganathan Sangeetha , Kumar Madhan , Aaron Rekha , Rangan Srinivasa Raghavan , Umakant Bidkar Sayli , Thomas Maya , Oommen Samuel Philip , Danda Sumita 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction The Alsin Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (ALS2) gene encodes a protein alsin that functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. The variations in ALS2 gene leads to degeneration of upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tract. The phenotypes resulting from variants in ALS2 gene are infantile-onset ascending hereditary spastic paralysis (IAHSP, OMIM # 607225), juvenile primary lateral sclerosis (JPLS, OMIM # 606353), and juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS, OMIM # 205100). Our study objectives were to describe the clinical phenotype and genotype of children with an established diagnosis of ALS2 gene-related disorder.
Methods The clinical details, laboratory data, and genotype findings of children with an established diagnosis of ALS2 gene-related disorder were collected from the hospital electronic database after obtaining institutional review board approval.
Results One family with three affected siblings, a second family with a proband and an affected fetus, and a third family with two affected siblings with ALS2 gene variants were identified. IAHSP was diagnosed in all of our patients with variants in ALS2 gene. The clinical findings observed in our patients were insidious onset progressive spastic paraparesis, contractures, and dysarthria. Nonsense variants	were observed in four patients while frameshift variant was observed in one family. Novel variants in ALS2 gene were identified in two unrelated families.
Conclusion ALS2 mutation results in rare neurodegenerative disorders with the clinical spectrum encompassing IAHSP, JPLS, and JALS disorders. In view of allelic heterogeneity described in the literature, more research studies are needed for establishing genotype–phenotype correlation in patients with ALS2 gene-related disorder.
Prognostic Significance of Chemotherapy Response Score in Patients Undergoing Interval Debulking Surgery and Attained Complete Cytoreduction for High-Grade Serous Tubal and Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Santhamma Anjana J. , Sambasivan Suchetha , Mohanan Simi C. , Nair Rema Prabhakaran , J. Siva Ranjith , James Francis V. , Zachariah Reba Ann , Mohanan Nair Jagathnath Krishna K. 
Published: October 2024

Objectives The chemotherapy response score (CRS) has been described to assess the pathological response to chemotherapy in patients with high-grade serous tubal and ovarian carcinoma. The main aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of CRS in patients who underwent interval debulking surgery and attained complete cytoreduction.
Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients with Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique (FIGO) stage IIIC and IV high-grade serous tubal and ovarian carcinomas who had undergone surgery after three to four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and attained complete cytoreduction from January 2015 to July 2018.
Results A total of 125 patients were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 52 years. There were 21 patients (16.8%) with a CRS of 1, 53 patients (42.4%) with a CRS of 2, and 51 (40.8%) patients with a CRS of 3. The median follow-up period was 77 months. The CRS applied on the omental samples showed significant correlation with progression-free survival (PFS; CRS of 1 vs. 2: median PFS, 17 vs. 22 months; hazard ratio, 1.73; and CRS of 2 vs. 3: median PFS, 22 vs. 54 months; hazard ratio, 2.32) and overall survival (OS; CRS of 1 vs. 2: median OS, 19 vs. 40 months; hazard ratio, 2.13; CRS of 2 vs. 3: median OS, 40 months vs. not reached; hazard ratio, 2.19).
Conclusion Our study confirms that the omental CRS is significantly associated with PFS and OS in patients who attained complete cytoreduction during interval debulking surgery.
Pathological Insights into Non-Neoplastic Renal Parenchyma in Wilms Tumor: Implications for Nephron-Sparing Surgery
Authors: Huang Mingchuan , Shu Man , Xu Zhe , Wang Lin , Liu Longshan , Liu Juncheng , Zhang Huanxi , Yang Shicong , Wang Changxi , Gao Pengfei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the non-neoplastic renal parenchyma in Wilms tumor (WT) and investigate its impact on nephron-sparing surgery (NSS).
Materials and Methods The non-neoplastic renal parenchyma of WT patients was prospectively collected for pathological examination. The histology of non-neoplastic renal parenchyma was assessed from two perspectives: nephrogenic rests (NRs) and nephrons.
Results A total of 46 non-neoplastic renal parenchyma specimens were collected from 42 WT patients. The surgeons assessed the median proportion of non-neoplastic renal parenchyma as 30%, whereas using ellipsoid volume, it was calculated to be 27%. The Youden index of surgeons' assessment peaked at a 15% proportion of non-neoplastic renal parenchyma. The bilateral WT (BWT) group and NSS group exhibited significant differences compared with the unilateral WT group and radical nephrectomy group, respectively, with the BWT group showing a tendency toward thickened basement membrane.
Conclusion The presence of NRs and endogenous nephron alternations should be given due attention in WT. The probability of abnormalities is low when the proportion of non-neoplastic renal parenchyma exceeds 15%, providing pathological support for expanding the adaptation of NSS.
Reconceptualizing “feeling represented”: A new approach to measure how feelings of political representation are constructed
Authors: Vik Andrea , de Wilde Pieter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn political representation, the concept of feeling represented has garnered significant attention in recent years. However, the prevailing conceptualization of feeling represented is limited in its scope and has effectively conflated a perception of being represented with feeling represented. We argue that such a conflation undermines our understanding of political representation, especially in the face of the constructivist turn in representation. Constructivist scholars have theoretically elaborated that representation results from a process in which a linkage is created between represented and representative. We argue that feeling represented is an essential part of establishing this representative relationship. By drawing on the recent constructivist turn in representation and applying key insights from psychology, we develop and test a reconceptualization of feeling represented. Through an online survey, American prolific users ($$N=605$$

N
=
605

) were asked a number of questions related to feeling represented after witnessing representative claims by unelected representatives. Through both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, we establish that feeling represented is a multidimensional concept consisting of instrumental, expressive, and aversive dimensions. Thus, feeling represented is a subjective state consisting of clearly emotional components, and it can be measured as a response to unelected representation. Acknowledging this goes beyond the current constructivist account of representation and sets the stage for future research.
Severe hypersensitivity reactions to 2 immunotherapy agents in a patient with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liauw Justin C , Silveira Sabrina , Ribizzi-Akthar Iole 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
There is currently limited data on cross-sensitivity between immunotherapy agents. In this case study, we report a case of severe anaphylaxis to both pembrolizumab and cemiplimab.

Summary
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and cemiplimab (Libtayo) are both approved for the treatment of metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Infusion reactions occur rarely with immunotherapy agents. However, if infusion reactions are severe, the treatment should be discontinued, and there is no guidance as to whether another immunotherapy agent may be used. An 87-year-old-male was diagnosed with metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma expressing a PD-L1 combined positive score of 81%-90%. He was treated with pembrolizumab and, 15 minutes after completion of the first infusion, developed swelling of the eyelids, ears, and tongue in addition to a whole-body rash without pruritus. Due to the severity of the reaction, pembrolizumab was permanently discontinued and the patient was then started on cemiplimab. The patient received a high-dose corticosteroid as premedication before the first infusion of cemiplimab and tolerated the treatment without any adverse effects. However, when the corticosteroid premedication dose was decreased before the second cycle, the patient had a severe infusion reaction to cemiplimab requiring discontinuation.

Conclusion
A patient with metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma developed a severe hypersensitivity reaction to pembrolizumab and subsequently to cemiplimab, despite premedication.
Twist-related protein 1 promotes transforming growth factor β receptor 1 in keloid fibroblasts via regulating the stability of myocyte enhancer factor 2A
Authors: Li Tianhao , Zhang Mingzi , Li Yunzhu , Sun Yixin , Huang Jiuzuo , Zeng Ang , Yu Nanze , Long Xiao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Keloid scarring is caused by a fibroproliferative disorder due to abnormal activation of genes, the underlying mechanism of which is still unclear. The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor Twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1) controls cell proliferation and differentiation in tissue development and disease processes. In this study, we aimed to clarify the essential role of TWIST1 in the pathogenesis of keloids.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry, cell counting kit-8 assays, western blotting, PCR, matrigel invasion assays and immunofluorescence assays were applied to demonstrate the effects and mechanisms of TWIST1 in fibroblasts derived from normal skin and keloids. Mass spectrometry, ubiquitination assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase reporter assay were applied to explore the interaction of TWIST1 with downstream molecules.

Results
In the present study, we confirmed that TWIST1 was upregulated in keloid tissue of patients and in keloid-derived fibroblasts (KFBs). In vitro, TWIST1 inhibition prevented KFB proliferation, invasion and activation. We also discovered a link between TWIST1 and the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling related molecules TGF-β receptor 1 (TΒR1), SMAD family member 2 (Smad2) and Smad3, and the fibrosis markers α-smooth muscle actin, collagen type I and collagen type III in KFBs. Mechanistically, we uncovered a brand-new mechanism by which TWIST1 interacts with myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) and suppresses its ubiquitination and degradation. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assay, TΒR1 was identified as a novel downstream target of MEF2A, which directly binds to its promoter. Overexpression of TWIST1 promoted the recruitment of MEF2A to the TΒR1 promoter and restored TΒR1 functional expression.

Conclusions
Our research highlights a significant function of TWIST1 in the development of keloid and its related fibroblasts, partially facilitated by elevated MEF2A-dependent TΒR1 expression. Blocking the expression of TWIST1 in KFBs could potentially pave a novel therapeutic avenue for keloid treatment.
Experimental investigation of the effects of different nanoparticles on the performance of single basin double-slope solar stills
Authors: Phukapak Chawisorn , Phukapak Sorawin , Pawaree Narathip 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The study focuses on the development of a thermal model for a single basin double-slope solar still and compares the effects of varying volume concentrations of nanoparticles on its performance. The efficiency of single basin double-slope solar still is improved by using strip-grooved fin absorber shapes and a combination of nanoparticles (Al2O3, CuO, Ag, Fe2O3, and ZnO) in water depths from 0.01 to 0.05 m. The nanoparticles are present in different volume concentrations of 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, and 0.30% in saline water within the basin. The strip-grooved fins are used to increase the surface area available for evaporation and serve as an important material for storing thermal energy, which is then transferred to the fluid mass in the basin, increasing its temperature. On the other hand, nanoparticles are used to improve the heat transfer of saline water in the basin and enhance its absorption of solar radiation. The experiment revealed that without the presence of nanofluid, the distillation efficiency of strip-grooved fin was 26.93%. The distillation production efficiency of strip-grooved fins combined with nanoparticles Al2O3, CuO, Ag, Fe2O3, and ZnO were 36.13%, 35.58%, 34.60%, 32.44%, and 29.71%, respectively. Furthermore, the economic analysis showed that the overall costs per liter of freshwater produced by single basin double-slope solar still with strip-grooved fin and the combination of single basin double-slope solar still with strip-grooved fin and Al2O3 were reduced by 0.0368 and 0.0309$/L, respectively.
Design and baseline characteristics of the STRIDE trial: evaluating semaglutide in people with symptomatic peripheral artery disease and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bonaca Marc P , Catarig Andrei-Mircea , Hansen Yasemin , Houlind Kim , Ramesh Chethana Kalmady , Ludvik Bernhard , Nordanstig Joakim , Rasouli Neda , Sourij Harald , Verma Subodh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
People with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) suffer from a high burden of symptoms and significant functional impairment. There are few therapies that improve function and reduce symptoms in this population. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been shown to improve glycaemic control, reduce body weight, and reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in people with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods and results
STRIDE (NCT04560998) is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 3b trial evaluating 1 mg once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (GLP-1 RA) vs. placebo, in people with symptomatic PAD (Fontaine IIa claudication) and T2D. Eligible participants were ≥18 years, had haemodynamically stable PAD, had no planned intervention, and were not receiving a GLP-1 RA. The primary endpoint is change in maximum walking distance on a constant-load treadmill (CLT). Secondary endpoints include quality of life and cardiometabolic assessments. A total of 792 participants were randomized in 20 countries. Participants’ median age was 68 and median T2D duration 12 years. Risk factors included 25.6% current smokers, 87.9% with hypertension, and 42.7% with coronary heart disease. The mean BMI was 29.6 kg/m2 and the mean HbA1C was 7.3%. Participants exhibited baseline functional impairment with a median maximum walking distance of 186 m on a CLT.

Conclusion
STRIDE has enrolled participants with symptomatic PAD and T2D, frequent risk factors and comorbidities, and functional impairment. The trial will provide evidence for the functional outcomes with semaglutide in people with PAD and T2D.