bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbonate ooids of the Mesoarchaean Pongola Supergroup, South Africa
Authors: Siahi M. , Hofmann A. , Master S. , Mueller C.W. , Gerdes A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOoids from the Mesoarchaean Chobeni Formation, Pongola Supergroup, KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa are older than any ooids reported to date. They are made of dolomite and ankerite and show concentric, radial‐concentric, micritic, and radial fabrics. Radial ooids are interpreted to have originated from high‐Mg‐calcite and probably formed by microbial activity in a low‐energy regime, while concentric ooids had an aragonite precursor and formed biotically under agitated/high‐energy environmental conditions. Micritic ooids formed via the recrystallization of concentric ooids. Ooids and other allochems, such as intraclasts and peloids, contain carbonaceous matter. The close association of carbonaceous matter within ooid cortices with metabolically important elements, such as N, S and P, as identified by nano‐scale secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis, allows us to propose a biologically induced origin for some ooids. By analogy with modern examples, a variety of microbial communities probably played a role in carbonate precipitation and ooid formation. Shale‐normalized rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns of ooids and other allochems show positive LaSN, GdSN and YSN anomalies, superchondritic Y/Ho ratios and depleted light rare earth elements (LREEs) relative to the heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), which resemble those of seawater. These anomalies are less pronounced than expected for an open marine setting, which is interpreted as evidence for deposition in restricted shallow marine environments. Non‐seawater REE patterns in recrystallized matrix and pore‐ and vein‐filling carbonate likely reflect redistribution of rare earth elements during post‐depositional alteration and/or reflect differences in the elemental and REE compositions of diagenetic fluids.
Metabolic partitioning across individuals in ecological communities
Authors: Harte John , Newman Erica A. , Rominger Andrew J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe mechanistic origin and shape of body‐size distributions within communities are of considerable interest in ecology. A recently proposed light‐limitation model provides a good fit to the distribution of tree sizes in a tropical forest plot. The maximum entropy theory of ecology (METE) also predicts size distributions, but without explicit mechanistic assumptions, and thus its predictions should hold in ecosystems generally, regardless of whether they are light limited. A comparison of the form and success of the predictions of the model and the theory can provide insight into the role that mechanisms play in shaping patterns in macroecology. The prediction by the METE of the size distribution of organisms is remarkably similar in form to that of the model: power‐law behaviour in the size range where the light‐limitation model predicts a power law, and exponential behaviour in the size range where the model predicts an exponential tail. The METE prediction matches data widely, including data in ecosystems where light is not limiting. We show examples for three disparate communities: trees in a tropical forest plot; herbaceous plants in a treeless subalpine meadow; and island arthropods. We conclude that the success of METE's predicted form across systems, including those that are clearly not light limited, enriches our capacity to predict patterns in macroecology without making explicit mechanistic assumptions and provides a unified framework that can capture ubiquitous features of those patterns across diverse ecosystems governed by a variety of mechanisms.
Antibody reactivity against Helicobacter pylori proteins in a sample of the Spanish adult population in 2008‐2013
Authors: Fernández‐de‐Larrea Nerea , Michel Angelika , Romero Beatriz , Butt Julia , Pawlita Michael , Pérez‐Gómez Beatriz , Castaño‐Vinyals Gemma , Moreno Victor , Martín Vicente , Amiano Pilar , Castilla Jesús , Fernández‐Tardón Guillermo , Dierssen‐Sotos Trinidad , Clofent Juan , Alguacil Juan , Huerta José María , Jiménez‐Moleón José Juan , Barricarte Aurelio , Molinuevo Amaia , Fernández‐Villa Tania , Casabonne Delphine , Sierra Ángeles , Kogevinas Manolis , de Sanjosé Silvia , Pollán Marina , del Campo Rosa , Waterboer Tim , Aragonés Nuria 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundDifferences in Helicobacter pylori protein expression have been related to the risk of severe gastric diseases. In Spain, a marked geographic pattern in gastric cancer mortality has long been reported. Objective: To characterize antibody reactivity patterns against 16 H. pylori proteins, by age, sex, and region of birth, in a large sample of the Spanish adult population.Materials and MethodsAntibody reactivity was quantified by H. pylori multiplex serology in a sample from the control group of the multicase‐control study MCC‐Spain. For this analysis, 2555 population‐based controls were included. Each participant was classified as seropositive or seronegative for each protein according to specific cutoffs. Overall H. pylori seroprevalence was defined as positivity against ≥4 proteins. Descriptive analyses by age, sex, and region of birth were performed for both seroprevalence and seroreactivity (continuous measure). Differences among groups were tested by logistic and linear regression models.ResultsOverall H. pylori seroprevalence increased with age in both sexes. For ages 55‐74, seroprevalence was lower in women than in men (84% vs 92%, P<.001). Region of birth explained 7% of the variability in seroprevalence. Among H. pylori seropositive subjects, proteins with the highest seroprevalence were GroEL, NapA, HP231, and Omp. Seropositivity for most of the proteins increased or remained stable with age, rising mainly for CagA, GroEL, and HyuA in women. A clear cohort effect was not observed.ConclusionsThis is the first study to describe the antibody patterns against 16 H. pylori proteins in the Spanish population. We found variability in the H. pylori antibody profiles according to both individual factors such as age and sex, and environmental factors such as the region of birth. The slightness of the reduction in seropositivity with decreasing age highlights the ongoing importance of this infection.
Two‐step synthesis of zirconolite‐rich ceramic waste matrice and its physicochemical properties
Authors: Zhang Kuibao , Yin Dan , Han Peiwen , Zhang Haibin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, the synthesis of single‐phase zirconolite powder was explored using two‐step route of combustion synthesis (CS) plus acid treatment. Zirconolite/Cu composite was firstly produced from the combustion reaction using CuO and Ti as the oxidant and reductant. After pickling and desiccation, refined zirconolite‐rich ceramic powder was obtained with bimodal particle size distribution. The ceramic powder was finally preformed and calcined at 1050‐1300°C for 6‐48 hours, which resulted in bulk density and Vickers hardness of 4.02 g/cm3 and 11.54 GPa after sintering at 1100°C for 18 hours. Aqueous durability of the calcined waste matrice was evaluated according to MCC‐1 standard. The 42 days normalized leaching rates of Ca, Ti and Zr were measured to be 3.96 × 10−3, 4.52 × 10−6 and 1.54 × 10−6 g·m−2·d−1.
Development of paradoxical inflammatory disorders during treatment of psoriasis with TNF inhibitors: a review of published cases
Authors: Havmose Martin , Thomsen Simon Francis 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundTNF inhibitors have proven to be effective and relatively safe in the management of psoriasis. While infections and certain malignancies are established as acknowledged side effects, paradoxical inflammatory, non‐neoplastic, noninfectious adverse events are being recognized less frequently. We aimed to identify published, peer‐reviewed cases of paradoxical inflammatory, non‐neoplastic, noninfectious adverse events in psoriasis patients during TNF inhibitor therapy.MethodsA literature search in MEDLINE was performed for articles published from inception through the 8th of June 2016 that reported suspected incidents fulfilling a predefined search strategy. In addition, articles identified by reference lists were added.ResultsA total of 295 cases from various organ systems among 13 269 patients were identified: 91 cases were related to infliximab, 101 cases were related to etanercept, and 102 cases were related to adalimumab. One case report was related to both etanercept and adalimumab.ConclusionInduction of paradoxical non‐neoplastic noninflammatory adverse events in psoriasis patients treated with a TNF inhibitor is worth recognizing. The amount of cases identified by this study suggests that continuous surveillance and research into these adverse effects is relevant. Nondermatologic paradoxical inflammatory reactions may be underreported.
Topical sevoflurane for chronic venous ulcers infected by multi‐drug‐resistant organisms
Authors: Imbernón‐Moya Adrián , Ortiz‐de Frutos Francisco Javier , Sanjuan‐Alvarez Mónica , Portero‐Sanchez Isabel , Merinero‐Palomares Raúl , Alcazar Victoria 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSeveral anaesthetic drugs have demonstrated antibacterial properties in vitro. Anaesthetics can primarily affect the cell wall of both susceptible and multi‐resistant bacteria. They may also have a synergistic effect with conventional antibiotics through an unknown mechanism. We present three cases of a chronic venous ulcer infected by multi‐resistant bacteria refractory to conventional systemic antibiotics, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Treatment with topical sevoflurane was performed for 1 month without systemic antibiotics. Patients with an MRSA infection showed progressive improvement with negative culture at the end of the treatment. Multi‐drug‐resistant P. aeruginosa infection persisted at the end of treatment with positive culture. The local adverse events were mild and transient, including heat, pruritus and erythema. Topical sevoflurane may have an antibacterial effect on sensitive and multi‐resistant strains. It can allow more complete surgical cleaning, leaving a cleaner wound with less fibrin and necrotic tissue. This decreases the bacterial colonisation and therefore the infectious risk, the bad smell and the exudation. The simultaneous use of conventional antibiotics and topical sevoflurane can have a synergistic antimicrobial effect.
Internet and cell phone usage patterns among young adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Jenaro Cristina , Flores Noelia , Cruz Maribel , Pérez Ma Carmen , Vega Vanessa , Torres Víctor A 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThe risks and opportunities associated with the use of technologies are of growing research interest. Patterns of technology usage illuminate these opportunities and risks. However, no studies have assessed the usage patterns (frequency, duration, and intensity) and related factors in young people with intellectual disabilities.MethodsQuestionnaires on Internet and cell phone usage patterns, the Internet Over‐Use Scale and the Cell‐Phone Over‐Use Scale, as well as the Beck Depression Inventory were filled out in one‐on‐one interviews of 216 youth with intellectual disabilities.ResultsYoung people with disabilities make more social and recreational rather than educational use of these tools, and show higher rates of excessive use of both technologies than a comparison group of 410 young people without disabilities. Also, their overuse is associated with other unhealthy behaviors.ConclusionThe framework of support needs of people with disabilities should be considered to promote healthy Internet and cell phone use.
Anxiety symptoms and children's eye gaze during fear learning
Authors: Michalska Kalina J. , Machlin Laura , Moroney Elizabeth , Lowet Daniel S. , Hettema John M. , Roberson‐Nay Roxann , Averbeck Bruno B. , Brotman Melissa A. , Nelson Eric E. , Leibenluft Ellen , Pine Daniel S. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThe eye region of the face is particularly relevant for decoding threat‐related signals, such as fear. However, it is unclear if gaze patterns to the eyes can be influenced by fear learning. Previous studies examining gaze patterns in adults find an association between anxiety and eye gaze avoidance, although no studies to date examine how associations between anxiety symptoms and eye‐viewing patterns manifest in children. The current study examined the effects of learning and trait anxiety on eye gaze using a face‐based fear conditioning task developed for use in children.MethodsParticipants were 82 youth from a general population sample of twins (aged 9–13 years), exhibiting a range of anxiety symptoms. Participants underwent a fear conditioning paradigm where the conditioned stimuli (CS+) were two neutral faces, one of which was randomly selected to be paired with an aversive scream. Eye tracking, physiological, and subjective data were acquired. Children and parents reported their child's anxiety using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders.ResultsConditioning influenced eye gaze patterns in that children looked longer and more frequently to the eye region of the CS+ than CS− face; this effect was present only during fear acquisition, not at baseline or extinction. Furthermore, consistent with past work in adults, anxiety symptoms were associated with eye gaze avoidance. Finally, gaze duration to the eye region mediated the effect of anxious traits on self‐reported fear during acquisition.ConclusionsAnxiety symptoms in children relate to face‐viewing strategies deployed in the context of a fear learning experiment. This relationship may inform attempts to understand the relationship between pediatric anxiety symptoms and learning.
Interactions between empathy and resting heart rate in early adolescence predict violent behavior in late adolescence and early adulthood
Authors: Galán Chardée A. , Choe Daniel Ewon , Forbes Erika E. , Shaw Daniel S. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundAlthough resting heart rate (RHR) and empathy are independently and negatively associated with violent behavior, relatively little is known about the interplay between these psychophysiological and temperament‐related risk factors.MethodsUsing a sample of 160 low‐income, racially diverse men followed prospectively from infancy through early adulthood, this study examined whetherRHRand empathy during early adolescence independently and interactively predict violent behavior and related correlates in late adolescence and early adulthood.ResultsControlling for child ethnicity, family income, and child antisocial behavior at age 12, empathy inversely predicted moral disengagement and juvenile petitions for violent crimes, whileRHRwas unrelated to all measures of violent behavior. Interactive effects were also evident such that among men withlowerbut not higher levels ofRHR, lower empathy predicted increased violent behavior, as indexed by juvenile arrests for violent offenses, peer‐reported violent behavior at age 17, self‐reported moral disengagement at age 17, and self‐reported violent behavior at age 20.ConclusionsImplications for prevention and intervention are considered. Specifically, targeting empathic skills among individuals at risk for violent behavior because of specific psychophysiological profiles may lead to more impactful interventions.
Ten years of MON 810 resistance monitoring of field populations of Ostrinia nubilalis in Europe
Authors: Thieme T. G. M. , Buuk C. , Gloyna K. , Ortego F. , Farinós G. P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFrom 2005 to 2015, Ostrinia nubilalis were collected in the most important maize‐growing areas in Europe where MON 810 was cultivated. The susceptibility of these O. nubilalis collections to the Cry1Ab protein was determined using overlay bioassays and compared to that of reference (control) strains. Larvae that died or did not moult after 7 days were used to calculate a moulting inhibition concentration (MIC). Two different batches of Cry1Ab protein were used over the course of this study. Between 2005 and 2015, 145 collections of O. nubilalis from 14 areas were analysed. The Cry1Ab susceptibility of populations from different geographic regions differed only slightly across years. The greatest variability in the MIC50 for field samples collected from 2005 to 2011 and tested with batch 1 was 6.6‐fold in 2006. For field‐collected O. nubilalis, the difference between MIC50 values of the most susceptible and most tolerant samples was 13.1‐fold for this period. For samples collected in 2012–2015 and tested with batch 2, the greatest variability was 4.1‐fold in 2014. A diagnostic concentration (MIC99) was calculated for batch 1 (48 ng/cm2) using the results from all the collections in 2005–2012. Bridging experiments indicated that the diagnostic concentration for batch 2 was 28 ng/cm2. From 2006 onwards, no O. nubilalis reached the 2nd larval stage when the diagnostic concentration of either batch of Cry1Ab was used. Only one insect collected from Romania in 2012 and two insects collected as reference strain from Spain in 2015 survived exposure to a dosage of 20 ng/cm2, and none of these larvae survived on MON 810 maize. Our results indicate that there has been no significant change in susceptibility to Cry1Ab in European populations of O. nubilalis over the period 2005–2015.
In situ evaluation of color stability and hardness' decrease of resin‐based composites
Authors: Ribeiro Juliana Silva , Peralta Sonia Luque , Salgado Vinícius Esteves , Lund Rafael Guerra 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the color stability (CS) and hardness' decrease (HD) of two commercial resin‐based composites (RBCs), after in situ staining conditions (SC).MethodsSix disc‐shaped specimens (6 × 2 mm) of two RBCs—Filtek Z350 XT (FZX) and IPS Empress Direct (IED)—were randomly distributed into palatal devices. Eight volunteers (aged 20‐30 years) participated in this study. The in situ SC consisted of 400 mL consumption (2 × 200 mL/day) of water, orange juice, cola soda, and coffee and 140 mL consumption of red wine, 10 days each. CS was obtained by CIELAB color difference (ΔE*) and HD (in %) by the Knoop method (50 g for 15 s), after curing (baseline) and after the in situ SC. Data were statistically analyzed at α = 0.05 significance level.ResultsFor both RBCs, the coffee (5.7 ± 0.5 for FZX; 5.9 ± 1.3 for IED) and red wine (6.1 ± 1.1 for FZX; 6.2 ± 1.6 for IED) groups showed the highest ΔE* while water the lowest (1.6 ± 0.6 for FZX; 1.8 ± 0.2 for IED). The highest HD was induced by red wine group for FZX (40.7 ± 5.4) and by cola soda for IED (40.6 ± 3.2) while the water groups (8.3 ± 1.7 for FZX; 7.8 ± 2.1 for IED) presented the lowest values for both RBCs.ConclusionBoth RBCs were affected by the in situ SC, but no significant differences for CS and HD were observed between them. Red wine and coffee showed higher discoloration potential.Clinical significanceThis in situ study suggests that color stability and hardness' decrease of resin‐based composites were dependent on the type of consumed beverage and materials' composition. Patients with esthetic direct restorations should be aware of the degradative potential of them.
The risk of colorectal neoplasia can be different according to the types of family members affected by colorectal cancer
Authors: Kim Nam Hee , Yang Hyo‐Joon , Park Soo‐Kyung , Park Jung Ho , Park Dong Il , Sohn Chong Il , Jung Yoon Suk 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and AimA family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important risk factor for CRC, but more detailed data are needed to prepare effective screening guidelines. We aimed to evaluate the risk of colorectal neoplasia (CRN) among individuals with different relatives affected by CRC (the first‐degree relatives [FDRs] or the second‐degree relatives or the first cousins) and to assess the effects of family histories according to age groups (30–39, 40–49, and ≥ 50 years).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed on 98 562 asymptomatic examinees aged ≥ 30 years who underwent colonoscopy as part of a health checkup.ResultsMean age of the study population was 41.4 years, and the prevalence of CRN was 15.7%. Participants with ≥ 1 FDRs and ≥ 2 FDRs affected by CRC had a higher risk of CRN than those with no family history of CRC, while those with ≥ 1 second‐degree relatives or first cousins affected did not. In the 30–39 and 40–49 years age groups, a family history of CRC in parents was a risk factor for CRN and advanced CRN, but not in siblings. By contrast, in the ≥ 50 age group, participants with affected siblings (reference group) had a significantly higher risk for advanced CRN than those with affected parents (adjusted odds ratio; 95% confidence interval: 0.39; 0.16–0.94 in father and 0.43; 0.18–0.995 in mother).ConclusionsThe risk of CRN can be different according to the types of family members affected, and the impact of such family histories can be different according to age.
A distinctive patchy osteomalacia characterises Phospho1‐deficient mice
Authors: Boyde Alan , Staines Katherine A. , Javaheri Behzad , Millan Jose Luis , Pitsillides Andrew A. , Farquharson Colin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe phosphatase PHOSPHO1 is involved in the initiation of biomineralisation. Bones in Phospho1 knockout (KO) mice show histological osteomalacia with frequent bowing of long bones and spontaneous fractures: they contain less mineral, with smaller mineral crystals. However, the consequences of Phospho1 ablation on the microscale structure of bone are not yet fully elucidated. Tibias and femurs obtained from wild‐type and Phospho1 null (KO) mice (25–32 weeks old) were embedded in PMMA, cut and polished to produce near longitudinal sections. Block surfaces were studied using 20 kV backscattered‐electron (BSE) imaging, and again after iodine staining to reveal non‐mineralised matrix and cellular components. For 3D characterisation, we used X‐ray micro‐tomography. Bones opened with carbide milling tools to expose endosteal surfaces were macerated using an alkaline bacterial pronase enzyme detergent, 5% hydrogen peroxide and 7% sodium hypochlorite solutions to produce 3D surfaces for study with 3D BSE scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Extensive regions of both compact cortical and trabecular bone matrix in Phospho1 KO mice contained no significant mineral and/or showed arrested mineralisation fronts, characterised by a failure in the fusion of the calcospherite‐like, separately mineralising, individual micro‐volumes within bone. Osteoclastic resorption of the uncalcified matrix in Phospho1 KO mice was attenuated compared with surrounding normally mineralised bone. The extent and position of this aberrant biomineralisation varied considerably between animals, contralateral limbs and anatomical sites. The most frequent manifestation lay, however, in the nearly complete failure of mineralisation in the bone surrounding the numerous transverse blood vessel canals in the cortices. In conclusion, SEM disclosed defective mineralising fronts and extensive patchy osteomalacia, which has previously not been recognised. These data further confirm the role of this phosphatase in physiological skeletal mineralisation.