bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using preceding hospital admissions to identify children at risk of developing acute rheumatic fever
Authors: Oliver Jane , Foster Tim , Williamson Deborah A , Pierse Nevil , Baker Michael G 
Published: November 2017

AimsNew Zealand (NZ) Māori and Pacific children have high rates of acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Around 150 new cases arise each year. As part of the national ARF prevention programme, funding is available to improve housing. To obtain maximum benefit from interventions, an effective tool is needed for targeting high‐risk children. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of using hospitalisations for identifying children at risk of subsequent ARF.MethodsThree potentially avoidable hospitalisation (PAH) groups were investigated, including diseases thought to be influenced by housing. All were developed using expert opinion or systematic reviews. These were: (i) the PAH conditions associated with the housing environment (PAHHE) group; (ii) the Crowding group; and (iii) the Ministry of Health (MoH) group. We analysed NZ public hospital discharge data (2000–2014). The prevalence of ARF among patients hospitalised in each group was calculated to estimate sensitivity and potential effectiveness. The number needed to screen (NNS) to identify one ARF case was estimated as a measure of efficiency.ResultsNearly one‐third of ARF patients experienced a PAH as children (before developing ARF). Sensitivity for detecting future ARF ranged from <5% (MoH group) to 27% (PAHHE group). NNS ranged from 502.4 (PAHHE) to 707.5 (MoH).ConclusionsBecause ARF is relatively rare, observing hospitalisations is not particularly efficient for targeting prevention activities for this condition alone. However, housing interventions are likely to improve multiple outcomes; thus, the hospital setting is still useful for identifying at‐risk children who could benefit from such programmes.
N‐terminomics reveals control of Arabidopsis seed storage proteins and proteases by the Arg/N‐end rule pathway
Authors: Zhang Hongtao , Gannon Lucy , Hassall Kirsty L. , Deery Michael J. , Gibbs Daniel J. , Holdsworth Michael J. , van der Hoorn Renier A. L. , Lilley Kathryn S. , Theodoulou Frederica L. 
Published: November 2017

Summary

The N‐end rule pathway of targeted protein degradation is an important regulator of diverse processes in plants but detailed knowledge regarding its influence on the proteome is lacking.

To investigate the impact of the Arg/N‐end rule pathway on the proteome of etiolated seedlings, we used terminal amine isotopic labelling of substrates with tandem mass tags (TMT‐TAILS) for relative quantification of N‐terminal peptides in prt6, an Arabidopsis thaliana N‐end rule mutant lacking the E3 ligase PROTEOLYSIS6 (PRT6).

TMT‐TAILS identified over 4000 unique N‐terminal peptides representing c. 2000 protein groups. Forty‐five protein groups exhibited significantly increased N‐terminal peptide abundance in prt6 seedlings, including cruciferins, major seed storage proteins, which were regulated by Group VII Ethylene Response Factor (ERFVII) transcription factors, known substrates of PRT6. Mobilisation of endosperm α‐cruciferin was delayed in prt6 seedlings. N‐termini of several proteases were downregulated in prt6, including RD21A. RD21A transcript, protein and activity levels were downregulated in a largely ERFVII‐dependent manner. By contrast, cathepsin B3 protein and activity were upregulated by ERFVIIs independent of transcript.

We propose that the PRT6 branch of the pathway regulates protease activities in a complex manner and optimises storage reserve mobilisation in the transition from seed to seedling via control of ERFVII action.
Optimising residential respite care in nursing homes: Current problems and solutions for a better future
Authors: Willoughby Melissa , Ibrahim Joseph Elias , Ferrah Noha , Bugeja Lyndal 
Published: November 2017

AimTo examine whether residential respite care increases the risk of harm to older people and suggest directions for future research and policy.BackgroundRespite care is a vital part of the aged care system that supports dependent older people and their caregivers to continue residing in the community. There is little research determining whether an older person experiences harm from residential respite.MethodsThis commentary considered conceptual research and existing empirical evidence to determine whether the risk of death was greater during residential respite care for older people.ResultsEvidence on the mortality in contemporary respite care is extremely limited with the majority of studies published almost 20 years ago and focussing on planned respite admissions. The evidence available has limitations in design and lacks comparison groups and key variables relevant to outcome and risk stratification. Nonetheless, it provides a theoretical basis supporting that the potential for harm and mortality may be increased during a residential respite care admission.ConclusionsThe question of whether residential respite care presents significant risks to older people remains unanswered. Substantial changes in practice since the last century make the existing empirical evidence redundant. However, there is much to learn by reflecting on omissions of important details from these studies.Implications for practiceA full and objective understanding of the harm associated with residential respite care for older people requires reopening and re‐examining this area with robust research. Informed professional nursing practice and policy requires an empirical evidence basis to residential respite care.
Seeing it differently: self‐reported description of vision loss in dry age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Taylor Deanna J. , Edwards Laura A. , Binns Alison M. , Crabb David P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeA realistic description of visual symptoms associated with dry age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is important for raising awareness of the condition and educating patients. This study aimed to develop a set of descriptors for dry AMD and examine the realism of images currently and frequently used to show visual symptoms of the condition.MethodsVolunteers with dry AMD with a range of disease severity were given an eye examination and were asked to describe visual symptoms of their condition in a conversational interview. Participants were also asked to comment on a photograph typically used to portray the visual symptoms of AMD. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and subjected to content analysis.ResultsTwenty‐nine participants were interviewed. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 75 (70, 79) years. Median (IQR) binocular visual acuity (VA) and Pelli‐Robson contrast sensitivity (CS) was 0.2 (0.18, 0.36) logMAR and 1.65 (1.50, 1.95) log CS respectively. Three, 17 and nine patients had early, intermediate and late (geographic atrophy, GA) AMD, respectively. The most frequently reported descriptor group was blur (n = 13) followed by missing (n = 10) and distortion (n = 7). We chose the most popular image used to portray the visual symptoms of dry AMD based on an internet search and showed this to 21 participants. Sixteen participants (76% [95% confidence interval 53–92%]), including three out of the seven people with geographic atrophy, unequivocally rejected the realism of the image.ConclusionsPeople with dry AMD use a wide range of descriptors for their visual experience. Visual symptoms of dry AMD as portrayed by commonly shown images were not the experience of most people in this study.
Retinal putative glial alterations: implication for glaucoma care
Authors: Ashimatey Bright S. , King Brett J. , Swanson William H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeGliosis‐like retinal alterations, presumed to be activated retinal astrocytes and Müller cells (ARAM), have been reported to occur frequently in patients with glaucoma but rarely in controls. We investigated the association between glaucomatous abnormality and the presence, the extent of retinal region, and the spatial distribution, of hyperreflective retinal alterations on optical coherence tomography (OCT) en‐face images, presumed to be ARAM.MethodsFindings of hyperreflective structures, presumed to be ARAM, in the central retinal ±24 degrees of OCT en‐face images (acquired with the SPECTRALIS® OCT) were compared between 35 younger controls, 42 older controls and 38 patients with glaucoma. Presumed ARAM was defined as reflective structures on the en‐face images other than retinal vasculature and retinal nerve fibre bundles. Chi‐square tests were used to compare the proportion of younger controls vs older controls with presumed ARAM to investigate the effect of ageing, and the proportion of patients vs age‐similar older controls with presumed ARAM to investigate the effect of disease. We also investigated the effect of glaucoma on the retinal area with presumed ARAM when it was present; we used an analysis of covariance (ancova) to compare the retinal area with hyperreflectivity in patients vs controls, adjusting for the effects of age and axial length.ResultsThe mean (S.D.) age of the younger controls, older controls, and patients with glaucoma was 26 (3), 62 (10) and 69 (8) years, respectively. The median (25th quartile, 75th quartile) of the retinal region with the hyperreflective structures, presumed to be ARAM, was zero (0,0), 1 (0,6), and 11 (0,43) degrees square in the younger controls, older controls and patients with glaucoma respectively. The chi‐square test investigating the effect of ageing found χ2(1, N = 77) = 24.8, p < 0.001, and that investigating the effect of disease found χ2(1, N = 80) = 2.3, p = 0.1. The ancova found F(1, 46) = 10.32, P = 0.02.ConclusionsThere was an effect of ageing on the presence of the hyperreflective structures, presumed to be ARAM, on OCT images. Compared to the presence of hyperreflective structures, the extent of retinal region with the hyperreflective structures has a greater potential of being an indicator of glaucomatous degeneration. Further study is needed to investigate the nature of the relation between glaucomatous abnormality and the extent of the retina with the hyperreflective structures, presumed to be ARAM.
Introducing the 6‐4‐0 fasting regimen and the incidence of prolonged preoperative fasting in children
Authors: Andersson Hanna , Hellström Per M. , Frykholm Peter 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundChildren often starve for longer than recommended by current preoperative fasting guidelines.AimsWe studied the effects of implementing a more lenient fasting regimen on the duration of clear fluid fasting, as well as the incidence of extended fasting in children.MethodsPreoperative duration of clear fluid fasting was recorded for patients scheduled for procedures in a unit applying the standard 6‐4‐2 fasting regimen. This group was compared with a cohort in the same unit 1 year after transitioning to a 6‐4‐0 fasting regimen. The latter includes no limitations on clear fluid intake until the child is called to theater. A third cohort from a unit in which the 6‐4‐0 fasting regimen has been implemented for over a decade was also studied for comparison.ResultsPatients fasting according to the 6‐4‐2 fasting regimen (n = 66) had a median fasting time for clear fluids of 4.0 h and a 33.3% incidence of fasting more than 6 h. After transitioning to the 6‐4‐0 fasting regimen (n = 64), median duration of fasting for clear fluids decreased to 1.0 h, and the incidence of fasting more than 6 h decreased to 6.3%. In the second unit (n = 73), median fasting time was 2.2 h and the proportion of patients fasting more than 6 h was 21.9%.ConclusionThe introduction and implementation of the 6‐4‐0 fasting regimen reduces median fluid fasting duration and the number of children subjected to extended fasting.
Association of Preoperative Serum Total Cholesterol Level with Postoperative Pain Outcomes after Laparoscopic Surgery for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Oh Tak Kyu , Kim Hyung‐Ho , Park Do Joong , Ahn Sang‐Hoon , Do Sang‐Hwan , Hwang Jung‐Won , Kim Jin Hee , Oh Ah‐Young , Jeon Young‐Tae , Song In‐Ae 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundOpioid usage is reportedly increased in patients with advanced cancer and low total cholesterol (TC). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of preoperative serum TC levels on postoperative opioid usage in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy at our institution between January 1, 2011 and July 31, 2017. We investigated the correlation between TC levels in the month before surgery and numeric rating scale (NRS) scores and opioid consumption on postoperative days (PODs) 0 to 3. The patients were stratified according to preoperative TC level (< 160 mg/dL, low; 160 to 199 mg/dL, medium; ≥ 200 mg/dL, high).ResultsTC and NRS scores (PODs 0, 1) for 1,919 eligible patients showed weak but significant positive coefficients (0.074 and 0.098 on POD 0 and POD 1, respectively, P < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, there were no significant differences in postoperative NRS scores on PODs 0, 1, 2, or 3 or in oral morphine equivalents on PODs 0 to 3 according to TC level.ConclusionPreoperative serum TC levels have no effect on pain outcomes in the 3 days following laparoscopic gastric surgery.
Family members’ expectations regarding nurses’ competence in care homes: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Kiljunen Outi , Kankkunen Päivi , Partanen Pirjo , Välimäki Tarja 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundStructural and cultural changes in the care of older people have influenced nursing practice, creating a need to identify current competency requirements for nurses working in care homes. Family members have an important role in ensuring the well‐being of older people living in care homes, and family members’ can provide valuable information about competence requirements.AimTo explore the expectations of the care home residents’ family members regarding the competence of nurses in care homes for older people.MethodsA qualitative descriptive design was used. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 18 care home residents’ family members between March and September 2016. Participants were recruited with help from regional associations and member associations of The Central Association of Carers in Finland and from regional associations of The Alzheimer's Society of Finland. The snowball technique was also used. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis.EthicsEthics committee approval was obtained from the university committee on research ethics, and written informed consent was obtained from participants.FindingsThe care home residents’ family members expected that nurses would be able to interact with and treat people respectfully. Reflective collaboration between the nurse and a family member was also emphasised. Family members expected nurses to provide high‐quality basic care and nursing and support residents’ well‐being individually and holistically.ConclusionsFamily members’ expectations reflect the need for ethical and interactional competence in the care home. In addition, evidence‐based practice competencies are required to provide high‐quality care. Nurses’ ability to provide person‐centred, individual and holistic care is vital to ensure care home residents’ well‐being.
Factors associated with medication administration errors and why nurses fail to report them
Authors: Hammoudi Baraa M. , Ismaile Samantha , Abu Yahya Omar 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundPatient safety is a significant challenge facing healthcare systems. The administration of medication is pivotal to patient safety, and errors in drug administration are associated with mortality and morbidity. In this study, we assessed the factors contributing to the occurrence and reporting of medication errors from the nurse's perspective.MethodsIn this descriptive cross‐sectional study, we distributed a validated questionnaire to 367 nurses at a large public hospital and obtained a response rate of 73.4%. The questionnaire comprised 65 questions, including 29 on the causes of medication errors, 16 on the reasons why medication errors are not reported and 20 that estimated the percentages of the different medication errors actually reported. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and the anonymity and confidentiality of participants’ information were preserved throughout the process. This study received institutional review board approval. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.ResultsThe main factors associated with medication errors by nurses were related to medication packaging, nurse–physician communication, pharmacy processes, nurse staffing and transcribing issues. The main barriers to the reporting of errors by nurses were related to the administrative response, fear of reporting and disagreements regarding the definitions of errors.ConclusionMedication errors by nurses are related to medication packaging, poor communication, unclear medication orders, workload and staff rotation. To prevent medication errors, teamwork must be improved. All healthcare settings should emphasise awareness of the culture of safety, provide support and guidance to nurses and improve communication skills. We also recommend the use of integrated health informatics, including computerised drug administration systems. The limitations of this study include the potential for nonresponse bias associated with the sampling method. Further research is required to explore the complex and multidimensional causes of medication errors and review the responses of nurses regarding the errors reported.
Shifting frames: Collective action framing from a dialogic and relational perspective
Authors: Lindstedt Nathan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article discusses (a) sustained critiques of framing theory and of collective action frames, (b) the development and implications of a dialogic and relational alternative, and (c) suggestions for how to pursue this alternative approach using mental models. Proponents of framing theory have advocated that a dialogic and relational alternative could prove fruitful in advancing sociological understanding of the variety of contexts in which social movement discourse takes place. Drawing insights from the work of several scholars, I propose what this alternative entails in terms of both theory and research. Parallel to the development of relational sociology, academics have developed discourse mapping techniques that blend network analysis with cultural analysis. I suggest that one way researchers can integrate a dialogic and relational approach into their analyses of framing is through the use of mental models.
Intergroup conflict and barriers to common ground: A self‐affirmation perspective
Authors: Sherman David K. , Brookfield Jacob , Ortosky Lauren 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPsychological barriers to conflict resolution stem, in part, from defensive responses to feelings of self‐threat. Self‐affirmation theory proposes that affirmations of global self‐worth—often achieved by writing or reflecting on core values—can broaden individuals' perspectives and potentially reduce biases in their intergroup judgments. In this paper, we review the extant literature on the use of self‐affirmation to potentially reduce intergroup biases in order to shed light on the role of self‐threat in perpetuating conflict. Self‐affirmation has been shown to impact 3 key aspects of intergroup conflict: (a) the strength with which conflict‐supporting beliefs are held, (b) the biased processing of conflict‐relevant information, and (c) the resistance to seeing common ground in negotiations. Discussion centers on the limits as well as the potential of self‐affirmation to promote openness and conflict resolution.
Evolution of lacewings and allied orders using anchored phylogenomics (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera)
Authors: WINTERTON SHAUN L. , LEMMON ALAN R. , GILLUNG JESSICA P. , GARZON IVONNE J. , BADANO DAVIDE , BAKKES DEON K. , BREITKREUZ LAURA C.V. , ENGEL MICHAEL S. , LEMMON EMILY MORIARTY , LIU XINGYUE , MACHADO RENATO J.P. , SKEVINGTON JEFFREY H. , OSWALD JOHN D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAnalysis of anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) data under a variety of analytical parameters for a broadly representative sample of taxa (136 species representing all extant families) recovered a well‐resolved and strongly supported tree for the higher phylogeny of Neuropterida that is highly concordant with previous estimates based on DNA sequence data. Important conclusions include: Megaloptera is sister to Neuroptera; Coniopterygidae is sister to all other lacewings; Osmylidae, Nevrorthidae and Sisyridae are recovered as a monophyletic Osmyloidea, and Rhachiberothidae and Berothidae were recovered within a paraphyletic Mantispidae. Contrary to previous studies, Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae were not recovered as sister families and morphological similarities between larvae of both families supporting this assumption are reinterpreted as symplesiomorphies. Relationships among myrmeleontoid families are similar to recent studies except Ithonidae are placed as sister to Nymphidae. Notably, Ascalaphidae render Myrmeleontidae paraphyletic, again calling into question the status of Ascalaphidae as a separate family. Using statistical binning of partitioned loci based on a branch‐length proxy, we found that the diversity of phylogenetic signal across partitions was minimal from the slowest to the fastest evolving loci and varied little over time. Ancestral character‐state reconstruction of the sclerotization of the gular region in the larval head found that although it is present in Coleoptera, Raphidioptera and Megaloptera, it is lost early in lacewing evolution and then regained twice as a nonhomologous gula‐like sclerite in distantly related clades. Reconstruction of the ancestral larval habitat also indicates that the ancestral neuropteridan larva was aquatic, regardless of the assumed condition (i.e., aquatic or terrestrial) of the outgroup (Coleopterida).
Storage time of platelet concentrates and risk of a positive blood culture: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kreuger Aukje L. , Rostgaard Klaus , Middelburg Rutger A. , Kerkhoffs Jean‐Louis H. , Edgren Gustav , Erikstrup Christian , Pedersen Ole B. , Titlestad Kjell , Nielsen Kaspar R. , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Voldstedlund Marianne , van der Bom Johanna G. , Ullum Henrik , Hjalgrim Henrik 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDConcern of transfusion‐transmitted bacterial infections has been the major hurdle to extend shelf life of platelet (PLT) concentrates. We aimed to investigate the association between storage time and risk of positive blood cultures at different times after transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe performed a nationwide cohort study among PLT transfusion recipients in Denmark between 2010 and 2012, as recorded in the Scandinavian Donations and Transfusions (SCANDAT2) database. Linking with a nationwide database on blood cultures (MiBa), we compared the incidence of a positive blood culture among recipients of PLTs stored 6 to 7 days (old) to those receiving fresh PLTs (1‐5 days), using Poisson regression models. We considered cumulative exposures in windows of 1, 3, 5, and 7 days.RESULTSA total of 9776 patients received 66,101 PLT transfusions. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of a positive blood culture the day after transfusion of at least one old PLT concentrate was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54‐1.09) compared to transfusion of fresh PLT concentrates. The incidence rate of a positive blood culture was lower the day after receiving one old compared to one fresh PLT concentrate (IRR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37‐0.87). Three, 5, or 7 days after transfusion, storage time was not associated with the risk of a positive blood culture.CONCLUSIONStorage of buffy coat–derived PLT concentrates in PAS‐C up to 7 days seems safe regarding the risk of a positive blood culture. If anything, transfusion of a single old PLT concentrate may decrease this risk the following day.