bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative Humidity Has Uneven Effects on Shifts From Snow to Rain Over the Western U.S.
Authors: Harpold A. A. , Rajagopal S. , Crews J. B. , Winchell T. , Schumer R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPredicting the phase of precipitation is fundamental to water supply and hazard forecasting. Phase prediction methods (PPMs) are used to predict snow fraction, or the ratio of snowfall to total precipitation. Common temperature‐based regression (Dai method) and threshold at freezing (0°C) PPMs had comparable accuracy to a humidity‐based PPM (TRH method) using 6 and 24 h observations. Using a daily climate data set from 1980 to 2015, the TRH method estimates 14% and 6% greater precipitation‐weighted snow fraction than the 0°C and Dai methods, respectively. The TRH method predicts four times less area with declining snow fraction than the Dai method (2.1% and 8.1% of the study domain, respectively) from 1980 to 2015, with the largest differences in the Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountains and southwestern U.S. Future Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 projections suggest warming temperatures of 4.2°C and declining relative humidity of 1% over the 21st century. The TRH method predicts a smaller reduction in snow fraction than temperature‐only PPMs by 2100, consistent with lower humidity buffering declines in snow fraction caused by regional warming.
Enhanced Decadal Warming of the Southeast Indian Ocean During the Recent Global Surface Warming Slowdown
Authors: Li Yuanlong , Han Weiqing , Zhang Lei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe rapid Indian Ocean warming during the early‐21th century was a major heat sink for the recent global surface warming slowdown. Analysis of observational data and ocean model experiments reveals that during 2003–2012 more than half of the increased upper Indian Ocean heat content was concentrated in the southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO), causing a warming “hot spot” of 0.8–1.2 K decade−1 near the west coast of Australia. This SEIO warming was primarily induced by the enhancements of the Pacific trade winds and Indonesian throughflow associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation's (IPO) transition to its negative phase, and to a lesser degree by local atmospheric forcing within the Indian Ocean. Large‐ensemble climate model simulations suggest that this warming event was likely also exacerbated by anthropogenic forcing and thus unprecedentedly strong as compared to previous IPO transition periods. Climate model projections suggest an increasing possibility of such strong decadal warming in future.
Hydraulic Properties of Closely Spaced Dipping Open Fractures Intersecting a Fluid‐Filled Borehole Derived From Tube Wave Generation and Scattering
Authors: Minato Shohei , Ghose Ranajit , Tsuji Takeshi , Ikeda Michiharu , Onishi Kozo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFluid‐filled fractures and fissures often determine the pathways and volume of fluid movement. They are critically important in crustal seismology and in the exploration of geothermal and hydrocarbon reservoirs. We introduce a model for tube wave scattering and generation at dipping, parallel‐wall fractures intersecting a fluid‐filled borehole. A new equation reveals the interaction of tube wavefield with multiple, closely spaced fractures, showing that the fracture dip significantly affects the tube waves. Numerical modeling demonstrates the possibility of imaging these fractures using a focusing analysis. The focused traces correspond well with the known fracture density, aperture, and dip angles. Testing the method on a VSP data set obtained at a fault‐damaged zone in the Median Tectonic Line, Japan, presents evidences of tube waves being generated and scattered at open fractures and thin cataclasite layers. This finding leads to a new possibility for imaging, characterizing, and monitoring in situ hydraulic properties of dipping fractures using the tube wavefield.
Sulfide Generated by Sulfate Reduction is a Primary Controller of the Occurrence of Wild Rice (Zizania palustris) in Shallow Aquatic Ecosystems
Authors: Myrbo A. , Swain E. B. , Engstrom D. R. , Coleman Wasik J. , Brenner J. , Dykhuizen Shore M. , Peters E. B. , Blaha G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractField observations suggest that surface water sulfate concentrations control the distribution of wild rice, an aquatic grass (Zizania palustris). However, hydroponic studies show that sulfate is not toxic to wild rice at even unrealistically high concentrations. To determine how sulfate might directly or indirectly affect wild rice, potential wild rice habitat was characterized for 64 chemical and physical variables in over 100 sites spanning a relatively steep climatic and geological gradient in Minnesota. Habitat suitability was assessed by comparing the occurrence of wild rice with the field variables, through binary logistic regression. This analysis demonstrated that sulfide in sediment pore water, generated by the microbial reduction of sulfate that diffuses or advects into the sediment, is the primary control of wild rice occurrence. Water temperature and water transparency independently control the suitability of habitat for wild rice. In addition to generating phytotoxic sulfide, sulfate reduction also supports anaerobic decomposition of organic matter, releasing nutrients that can compound the harm of direct sulfide toxicity. These results are important because they show that increases in sulfate loading to surface water can have multiple negative consequences for ecosystems, even though sulfate itself is relatively benign.
The Influence of Hyaluronic Acid and Glioblastoma Cell Coculture on the Formation of Endothelial Cell Networks in Gelatin Hydrogels
Authors: Ngo Mai T. , Harley Brendan A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly form of brain cancer. Interactions between GBM cells and vasculature in vivo contribute to poor clinical outcomes, with GBM‐induced vessel co‐option, regression, and subsequent angiogenesis strongly influencing GBM invasion. Here, elements of the GBM perivascular niche are incorporated into a methacrylamide‐functionalized gelatin hydrogel as a means to examine GBM–vessel interactions. The complexity of 3D endothelial cell networks formed from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and normal human lung fibroblasts as a function of hydrogel properties and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) presentation is presented. While overall length and branching of the endothelial cell networks decrease with increasing hydrogel stiffness and incorporation of brain‐mimetic hyaluronic acid, it can be separately altered by changing the vascular cell seeding density. It is shown that covalent incorporation of VEGF supports network formation as robustly as continuously available soluble VEGF. The impact of U87‐MG GBM cells on the endothelial cell networks is subsequently investigated. GBM cells localize in proximity to the endothelial cell networks and hasten network regression in vitro. Together, this in vitro platform recapitulates the close association between GBM cells and vessel structures as well as elements of vessel co‐option and regression preceding angiogenesis in vivo.
Asymmetric Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Thiocarboxylic Acids to In Situ‐Generated ortho‐Quinomethanes in Oil‐Water Phases
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Chu Mingming , Zhang Cheng , Shao Juanjuan , Qi Suosuo , Wang Biao , Du Xiaohua , Xu Danqian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn asymmetric conjugate addition of thiocarboxylic acids to in situ‐generated ortho‐quinomethanes (o‐QMs) catalyzed by bifunctional squaramide catalysts has been developed. The transformation proceeds with high yields (up to 96%) and enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee) in the oil‐water phases. The resulting thioester could be converted facilely into the chiral benzyl mercaptan in high yield without loss of enantioselectivity. The study also showed that the oil‐water biphase contributed significantly to the efficiency of the catalytic system.magnified image
Oxidative Phosphorylation of N‐Aryl Glycine Amides via sp3 C−H Functionalization
Authors: Jia Xiaodong , Liu Xiaofei , Shao Yu , Yuan Yu , Zhu Yingzu , Hou Wentao , Zhang Xuewen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn efficient phosphorylation of various glycine amides has been developed for radical cation salt‐induced C−H functionalization, producing a series of α‐aminophosphonates in high yields. Different from reported approaches, trialkyl phosphite was chosen as the phosphorus nucleophile, and the scope investigation shows broad functional group tolerance and high efficiency of the oxidative phosphorylation. This method provides a new way to synthesize α‐aminophosphonates.magnified image
FeNi2Se4–Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite: Enhancing Bifunctional Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Evolution and Reduction through Synergistic Effects
Authors: Umapathi Siddesh , Masud Jahangir , Swesi Abdurazag T. , Nath Manashi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWater splitting reaction using earth‐abundant and environmentally benign catalysts is critical for renewable energy generation and storage. Herein a hybrid composite, FeNi2Se4 nanoparticles supported on nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide (FeNi2Se4–NrGO) is reported as an efficient and dependable bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions (OER and ORR, respectively) under alkaline conditions. While FeNi2Se4 nanoparticles themselves show good catalytic activity for water oxidation, the constructed hybrid nanocomposite with NrGO as the supporting matrix show enhanced catalytic activity with a small overpotential of 170 mV @ 10 mA cm−2, small Tafel slope of 62.1 mV per decade, and high current density. The ORR catalytic activity of the nanocomposite catalyst is also good with an onset potential of 0.93 V. This is possibly due to the synergistic chemical coupling effects between the FeNi2Se4 and NrGO matrix. Chronoamperometric studies show that the catalyst is stable under conditions of continuous O2 evolution and reduction with very less degradation. Apart from reporting highly efficient OER–ORR bifunctional catalyst, this study also provides more proof for the effect of anion coordination on the catalyst performance, as well as the synergistic role of nanoscale interactions between the catalyst particles and graphene matrix to enhance catalytic activity.
From Surface ZrO2 Coating to Bulk Zr Doping by High Temperature Annealing of Nickel‐Rich Lithiated Oxides and Their Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Schipper Florian , Bouzaglo Hana , Dixit Mudit , Erickson Evan M. , Weigel Tina , Talianker Michael , Grinblat Judith , Burstein Larisa , Schmidt Michael , Lampert Jordan , Erk Christoph , Markovsky Boris , Major Dan Thomas , Aurbach Doron 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOne of the major hurdles of Ni‐rich cathode materials Li1+x(NixCozMnz)wO2, y > 0.5 for lithium‐ion batteries is their low cycling stability especially for compositions with Ni ≥ 60%, which suffer from severe capacity fading and impedance increase during cycling at elevated temperatures (e.g., 45 °C). Two promising surface and structural modifications of these materials to alleviate the above drawback are (1) coatings by electrochemically inert inorganic compounds (e.g., ZrO2) or (2) lattice doping by cations like Zr4+, Al3+, Mg2+, etc. This paper demonstrates the enhanced electrochemical behavior of Ni‐rich material LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) coated with a thin ZrO2 layer. The coating is produced by an easy and scalable wet chemical approach followed by annealing the material at ≥700 °C under oxygen that results in Zr doping. It is established that some ZrO2 remains even after annealing at ≥800 °C as a surface layer on NCM811. The main finding of this work is the enhanced cycling stability and lower impedance of the coated/doped NCM811 that can be attributed to a synergetic effect of the ZrO2 coating in combination with a zirconium doping.
Donor–Acceptor Type Dopant‐Free, Polymeric Hole Transport Material for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells (19.8%)
Authors: Kim Guan‐Woo , Lee Junwoo , Kang Gyeongho , Kim Taewan , Park Taiho 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskite has led to the development of new solar cells with outstanding efficiency. In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), perovskite is sandwiched between a working electrode (fluorine‐doped tin oxide) and a counter electrode (gold, Au). In order to transport charges and block opposite charges, charge transport layers are inserted between perovskite and the electrodes. In particular, a hole transport layer is important because it generally prevents perovskite from exposure to air. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate dopant‐free and hydrophobic polymeric hole transport materials (HTMs). In this study, a novel polymeric HTM (PTEG) is synthesized by controlling the solubility using a tetraethylene glycol group. The planar‐PSC employing PTEG exhibits an efficiency of 19.8% without any dopants, which corresponds to the highest value reported to date. This study offers a fundamental strategy for designing and synthesizing various polymeric HTMs.
Diffuse peritoneal mesothelioma: A case series of 62 patients including paraoccupational exposures to chrysotile asbestos
Authors: Kradin Richard L. , Eng George , Christiani David C. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundDiffuse peritoneal malignant mesothelioma (DPM) is caused by exposure to asbestos. The medical literature has linked DPM primarily to high levels of asbestos exposure, in particular amosite. Controversy persists as to whether chrysotile is capable of causing DPM, especially when exposures are paraoccupational.MethodsSixty‐two subjects (51 men, 11 women) with DPM were reviewed in medical‐legal consultation with deposition and product identification evidence.ResultsAll had pathologically confirmed DPM. Most were exposed to both amphibole and chrysotile, but chrysotile alone was documented in 14/62 (26%) cases. A total of 7/14 (50%) cases of the paraoccupational exposures were to chrysotile alone. Women were younger than men as were those with paraoccupational versus those with occupational exposure. The mean duration of exposure for all cases was 17.9 ± 10 years and latency from time of first exposure was 45.9 + 11.6 years.ConclusionsDPM occurs with both occupational and paraoccupational exposures to asbestos and may be seen in paraoccupational exposures to chrysotile asbestos.
The effect of leprotic infection on the risk of death in medieval rural Denmark
Authors: Kelmelis K. Saige , Price Michael Holton , Wood Jim 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionPaleopathological studies of leprosy in Danish skeletal collections show that many individuals suffered from this stigmatized disease during the Middle Ages. This study examines the risk of death associated with leprotic infection in individuals from the Danish rural cemetery of Øm Kloster (AD 1172–1536). Specifically, we modeled the influence of leprotic infection on age‐specific mortality accounting also for sex and social status (lay person / monastic).Materials and methodsThe sample consisted of 311 adult individuals from the Øm Kloster skeletal collection housed at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Southern Denmark (ADBOU). We modeled morbidity and mortality using a three‐state illness‐death model with the following parameterizations for the three transition hazards: (1) nonlesioned to lesioned: constant; (2) nonlesioned to dead: Gompertz‐Makeham; and (3) lesioned to dead: Gompertz‐Makeham, directly proportional to the hazard of the well to dead transition.ResultsThe mortality hazard of lesioned individuals exceeded that of nonlesioned individuals by a factor of 1.4 (40%) across all individuals, 1.7 for females, 1.0 for males, 1.3 for lay persons, and 1.7 for monastics. Overall, 15% of the sample died with skeletal manifestations of leprosy, though it is likely that a higher percentage of the population carried the bacterium.DiscussionThis study improves understanding of past health and population dynamics focusing on a chronic infectious disease. The methods employed could informatively be applied to larger analyses of community health from skeletal collections by incorporating more than one disease into the multistate model and inferring individual frailty using various skeletal markers.
The impact of surgical wait time on patient reported outcomes in sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Newton Ethan , Janjua Arif , Lai Ernest , Liu Guiping , Crump Trafford , Sutherland Jason M. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundIn many developed countries, wait times for elective surgery are increasing. Among these elective surgeries is endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) performed for treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Little is known about the impact of wait times on patients’ surgical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between patients’ wait times and postoperative patient‐reported outcomes.MethodsThis study was based on a prospectively recruited longitudinal cohort of patients booked for ESS for the treatment of medically‐refractory CRS in Vancouver, Canada. Patients were recruited between September 2012 and December 2016. All participants completed the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. The primary outcome measure was participants’ change in SNOT‐22 score. A regression model measured the association between patient‐reported outcome, wait time, and potential confounders.ResultsThe study included 150 participants. The mean surgical wait time was 32 weeks. The mean preoperative SNOT‐22 score was 40.0. The improvement in SNOT‐22 scores following ESS was 18 points. Regression analysis found no association between wait time for ESS and the change in SNOT‐22 scores after surgery (p = 0.42). Only preoperative SNOT‐22 score correlated with outcome scores.ConclusionThere was no association between the gains in health‐related quality of life and the length of time participants waited for surgery. The largest gains in health were concentrated among participants with the highest symptom burden, irrespective of wait time. This result suggests that it may be safe to triage patients based on symptom severity as an approach to maximizing the population's overall health.
Copper‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H/C(sp3)−H Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling with Internal Oxidants: Synthesis of 2‐Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Dihydropyrrol‐2‐ols
Authors: Zhu Chuanle , Zhu Rui , Zeng Hao , Chen Fulin , Liu Chi , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe first oxidative C(sp3)−H/C(sp3)−H cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction promoted by an internal oxidant is reported. This copper‐catalyzed CDC reaction of oxime acetates and trifluoromethyl ketones provides a simple and efficient approach towards 2‐trifluoromethyldihydropyrrol‐2‐ol derivatives in a highly diastereoselective manner by cascade C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond formation and cyclization. These products were further transformed into various significant and useful trifluoromethylated heterocyclic compounds, such as trifluoromethylated furan, thiophene, pyrrole, dihydropyridazine, and pyridazine derivatives. A trifluoromethylated analogue of an Aβ42 lowering agent was also synthesized smoothly. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that this reaction involves a copper(I)/copper(III) catalytic cycle with the oxime acetate acting as an internal oxidant.
Core–shell nanocapsules containing essential oil for textile application
Authors: Liu Cong , Liang Baijun , Wang Yuhai , Li Yingxian , Shi Guang 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTA novel polysiloxane‐modified aromatic nanocapsule with hard core and soft shell has been prepared by two‐stage emulsion polymerization method. The core of the nanocapsule is made up of styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymer, while the shell is poly(butyl acrylate) modified by octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope images reveal well‐defined core–shell morphology of the particles, and the average particle size is about 100 nm. Ultraviolet–visible analysis shows that the essential oil can be well encapsulated by the nanocapsules and the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity are 78.76% and 26.25%, respectively. The residual rate of essential oil is about 25.3% after being washed 15 times, which indicates that the nanocapsules have excellent washing durability. These core–shell aromatic nanocapsules show great potential application in fabrics treatment. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45695.
Linear segmented polyurethanes: I. A kinetics study
Authors: Polo Mara L. , Spontón Marisa E. , Jaramillo Franklin , Estenoz Diana A. , Meira Gregorio R. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis work investigates the two‐step polymerization between methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), two different poly(tetramethylene oxide) macrodiols, and 1,4‐butanediol (BD) as chain extender. At the end of the prepolymerization, the reaction mixture contains MDI in excess and a prepolymer with isocyanate end group. Then, BD and a solvent (tetrahydrofuran) were added to start the finishing stage under nominal stoichiometric equilibrium. The reaction was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), and size exclusion chromatography. 1H‐NMR was employed to follow global concentrations of unreacted isocyanate end groups and internal urethane groups. This information enabled to estimate the following “effective” rate constants: k1 = 1.07 × 10−3 L mol−1 s−1 for the prepolymerization; and k2 = 1.94 × 10−4 L mol−1 s−1 for the finishing stage. These values are subject to errors caused by biases introduced in the recipe, in the measurements, in the reaction conditions, in the quality of reagents, and in the reaction mechanism assumptions. Such errors also explain the dispersion of the published rate constants values. The 1H‐NMR measurements also enabled to estimate the evolution (with extent of reaction) of the number‐average number of structural units along the prepolymerization and finishing stages; and such estimates reasonably verify Flory's classical expressions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45747.
Preparation and properties of magnetic–photoresponsive oil‐absorption resins
Authors: Liu Hongxia , Wang Huanjiang , Jia Weihong , Xu Haiyan , Ren Sili 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTA novel magnetic–photoresponsive oil‐absorption resin (MPOAR) was synthesized via the suspension polymerization technique. Scanning electron microscopy surface morphology analysis indicated that the surface of MPOAR exhibited pore structures with different sizes. The effects of various factors in the preparation of MPOAR on the oil absorbency were studied. We found that the amount of the crosslinking agent 4′4‐bis‐(methacryloylamino)azobenzen (Azo‐CL‐M), porogenic agent (ethyl acetate), initiator (azobisisobutyronitrile), and modified Fe3O4 had great effects on the oil absorbencies of the prepared polymer resins. The saturated absorption capacities of MPOAR for various organic solvents were determined, and we found that MPOAR could absorb 19.7 times its dry weight in CH2Cl2, 18.4 times its dry weight in CCl4, and 16.7 times its dry weight in CHCl3, respectively. In addition, the oil‐absorbent beads could absorb the oils floating on water well. In particular, the saturated absorbed MPOAR could be easily collected from water by an external magnetic field. More importantly, the photoresponsive properties of the MPOAR materials could be used to accelerate the release of the absorbed oil under UV irradiation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45756.