bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cranial epidural hematomas: A case series and literature review of this rare complication associated with sickle cell disease
Authors: Hamm Jennifer , Rathore Nisha , Lee Pearlene , LeBlanc Zachary , Lebensburger Jeffrey , Meier Emily Riehm , Kwiatkowski Janet L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundPatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) may experience many complications of the central nervous system (CNS) including stroke, silent cerebral infarcts, and neuropsychological deficits. Cranial epidural hematoma is a rare but potentially serious complication.ProcedureCase series of cranial epidural hematomas in children with SCD from three different institutions is considered, along with a literature review of cranial epidural hematomas in this population.ResultsSeven children with SCD with cranial epidural hematomas were identified from three different institutions. All patients were male and the age at presentation ranged from 10 to 18 years. Two patients presented with headache (28.6%), while the rest had no neurologic symptoms at presentation. Four patients required urgent neurosurgical intervention (57.1%) and one patient died (14.3%). A literature review identified 18 additional cases of cranial epidural hematomas in children with SCD. Of these, treatment ranged from supportive care to neurosurgical intervention. Twelve patients completely recovered (66.7%), one patient had long‐term cognitive impairment (5.6%), and four patients died (22.2%). Combined with our data, cranial epidural hematomas have a mortality rate of 20.0%.ConclusionsAlthough rare, cranial epidural hematoma can be fatal and should be considered in patients with acute neurological symptoms.
Copolymers of polyhydroxyalkanoates and polyethylene glycols: recent advancements with biological and medical significance
Authors: Winnacker Malte , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCopolymers of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and polyethylene glycols (PEGs) have gained high significance for biological and medical applications within the past few years. PHAs are natural biopolymers (hydrophobic biopolyesters), which can be produced microbially and also synthetically, and PEGs are biocompatible hydrophilic polyethers, which are frequently used in medicine to enhance the effect of bioactive compounds. Both polymers can be conjugated with a variety of other polymers, and in particular the conjugation with each other affords hydrophobic − hydrophilic PHA‐PEG copolymers with high significance as biomaterials. This paper describes selected recent developments in this field with a focus on synthetic approaches and the suitability of the resulting copolymers for applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of targeted‐volume ventilation on pulmonary dynamics in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Alkan Ozdemir Senem , Arun Ozer Esra , Ilhan Ozkan , Sutcuoglu Sumer 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBackgroundMechanical ventilation is an essential therapy in the treatment of respiratory failure in preterm infants. However, optimal ventilation strategy continues to be difficult to define.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of volume guarantee (VG) combined with intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) and VG combined with pressure support ventilation (PSV) on the pulmonary mechanics and short term prognosis in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.MethodsInfants of <32 weeks gestational age ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome were randomized to receive either SIMV + VG or PSV + VG. The patient characteristics, ventilator variables including PIP, PEEP, MAP, VT, dynamic compliance, resistance, C20/C, and neonatal outcomes (IVH, ROP, oxygen dependency at 28th postnatal day and 36 weeks of PMA), mortality and extubation failure were recorded in each groups.ResultsThirty‐four infants were enrolled in to the study: 19 patients were randomized to the SIMV + VG group, and 15 patients to the PSV + VG group. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the birth weight, gestational age, gender, multiple pregnancy, delivery mode, and antenatal steroid treatment. The respiratory and ventilatory parameters were similar in the groups. The need for reintubation were common in SIMV + VG group (P < 0.01).ConclusionsVolume guaranteed ventilation combined with PSV may be a convenient method for preterm infants with RDS in terms of reducing postextubation atelectasis and the need for reintubation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:213–216. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth gathers pace as confidence returns to largest research markets
Authors: Bowman Jo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe global market research industry has posted its strongest growth in four years, with ESOMAR’s annual report showing strengthening demand and rising optimism in the world's biggest research markets. This year's Global Market Research report, to be launched at the ESOMAR Congress in New Orleans in late September, shows that research turnover rose 2.2% in 2015 to US$44.349 billion‐a significant jump from just 0.1% growth seen in 2014 and growth of only 0.7% for each of the two previous years.
Maternal cardiac function at 35–37 weeks' gestation: prediction of pre‐eclampsia and gestational hypertension
Authors: Guy G. P. , Ling H. Z. , Garcia P. , Poon L. C. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the potential value of combining maternal factors with multiples of the normal median values of maternal cardiovascular parameters at 35–37 weeks' gestation in the prediction of pre‐eclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH).MethodsIn 2764 singleton pregnancies maternal characteristics and medical history were recorded; uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and maternal cardiovascular parameters were measured. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was then used to determine if the maternal factors and maternal cardiovascular parameters made a significant contribution to predicting PE and GH. The performance of screening was determined by the area under receiver–operating characteristics curves.ResultsIn pregnancies that subsequently delivered with PE or GH, total peripheral resistance and MAP were higher and maternal cardiac output was lower, mainly owing to a decrease in heart rate in PE and a decrease in stroke volume in GH. The increases in total peripheral resistance and MAP were inversely related to gestational age at delivery. The performance of screening for PE and GH achieved by maternal characteristics and medical history was improved by the inclusion of MAP, but not by UtA‐PI or maternal cardiovascular parameters.ConclusionsIn women developing term PE total peripheral resistance and MAP are increased and maternal cardiac output is reduced. However, assessment of maternal cardiac function at 35–37 weeks' gestation is unlikely to improve the performance of screening for PE provided by maternal factors and MAP alone. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Applications of subset selection procedures and Bayesian ranking methods in analysis of traffic fatality data
Authors: McDonald Gary C. 
Published: September 2016

Nonparametric and parametric subset selection procedures are used in the analysis of state motor vehicle traffic fatality rates (MVTFRs), for the years 1994 through 2012, to identify subsets of states that contain the ‘best’ (lowest MVTFR) and ‘worst’ (highest MVTFR) states with a prescribed probability. A new Bayesian model is developed and applied to the traffic fatality data and the results contrasted to those obtained with the subset selection procedures. All analyses are applied within the context of a two‐way block design. WIREs Comput Stat 2016, 8:222‐237. doi: 10.1002/wics.1385This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
Determination of lead at physiological level in human biological materials using the total reflection X‐ray fluorescence analysis
Authors: Kubala‐Kukuś A. , Banaś D. , Majewska U. , Stabrawa I. , Wudarczyk‐Moćko J. , Góźdź S. 
Published: September 2016

Total reflection X‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis was applied in determination of low concentration of lead in samples of human biological materials. The determination of lead in human serum and hair samples is presented as an example. In serum samples, lead concentration was in the range from 0.013 to 0.051 μg/g (median 0.024 μg/g). The reference ranges of lead content in hair are from 1.41 to 4.08 μg/g for men and from 1.18 to 3.29 μg/g for women groups, respectively. Because of Pb concentration range close to the detection limit of the TXRF method, the measurement needed evaluation of the best analytical conditions. This paper presents the results of this evaluation, namely internal standard selection, measurement conditions, and quantitative calibration of the spectrometer. Finally, as a result of evaluation, the detection limit was found on the level 0.001 μg/g (water solution) and about 0.005 μg/g for human hair samples and 0.007 μg/g for serum samples. The obtained values reach nearly the physiological lead level. The presented results are of practical importance for lead concentration studies in human biological materials using the TXRF method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of bone calcium and phosphorus content using micro X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ‐EDXRF): effects of long‐term cadmium poisoning
Authors: Cheung Tsz Wing , Law Alan Wing Lun , Ahmed Rafay , Mak Chun Yu , Lau Condon 
Published: September 2016

This study assesses whether the concentrations of biologically important elements in bones are altered by long‐term consumption of cadmium (Cd)‐contaminated water. Heavy metal poisoning has significant impact on humans, and pollutants such as Cd are often found at high concentrations in waterways.Twelve Sprague Dawley rats consumed water with 50 p.p.m. Cd (Cd group), and another 12 consumed normal water (control group). Six subjects from each group were sacrificed after 2 weeks and the others after 4 weeks. Spectra were acquired from the femur by using the EDAX Eagle III micro‐XRF setup, and quantitative calculations were performed by using the fundamental parameter method to determine the concentrations of elements.A bone calcium/phosphorus concentration ratio (Ca/P) of 2.07 ± 0.001 is observed in the spectra from control subjects after 2 weeks and 2.07 ± 0.001 after 4 weeks. In Cd subjects, Ca/P after 2 weeks is 2.04 ± 0.001 and after 4 weeks is 1.97 ± 0.003. Statistically significant differences are obtained when comparing controls with Cd subjects at both time points and when comparing Cd subjects at both time points.Cadmium poisoning significantly affects bone Ca and P concentrations, increasing the likelihood of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Workplace Bullying in Surgery
Authors: Ling Mary , Young Christopher J. , Shepherd Heather L. , Mak Cindy , Saw Robyn P. M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the extent and nature of workplace bullying among General Surgery trainees and consultants in Australia.Design, setting and participantsAn online questionnaire survey of General Surgery trainees and consultant surgeons in Australia was conducted between March and May 2012. Prevalence of bullying was measured using both a definition of workplace bullying and the revised Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ‐R). Sources of bullying were also examined, as well as the barriers and outcomes of formal reporting of bullying.ResultsThe response rate was 34 % (370/1084) with 41 % (n = 152) of respondents being trainees. Overall, 47 % (n = 173) of respondents reported having been bullied to some degree and 68 % (n = 250) reported having witnessed bullying of surgical colleagues in the last 12 months. The prevalence of bullying was significantly higher in trainees and females, with 64 % of trainees and 57 % of females experiencing some degree of bullying. The majority of respondents (83 %) had experienced at least one negative behavior in the last 12 months, but 38 % experienced at least one negative behavior on a weekly or daily basis. The persistent negative behaviors that represent work‐related bullying most commonly experienced were ‘having opinions ignored’ and ‘being exposed to an unmanageable workload.’ Consultant surgeons were the most common source of bullying for both trainees and consultants, with administration the next common source. Of those who reported being bullied, only 18 % (n = 32) made a formal complaint.ConclusionsDespite increased awareness and interventions, workplace bullying remains a significant problem within General Surgery in Australia. The findings in this study serve as a baseline for future questionnaires to monitor the effectiveness of implemented anti‐bullying interventions.
The frequency of hepatotoxicity and myelotoxicity in leukemic children with different high doses of methotrexate
Authors: Özdemir Zeynep Canan , Turhan Ayşe Bozkurt , Kar Yeter Düzenli , Bör Özcan 
Published: September 2016

Background and objectives:
Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that functions as a folic acid antagonist. The frequency of high dose methotrexate (HDMTX)-associated toxicity is variable. In this study, we investigated the frequency of myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity 7 days after HDMTX infusion.

Patients and methods:
This study included children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) between January 2010 and April 2015. The patient blood counts and biochemical parameters measured before and after 7 days of HDMTX infusion were retrospectively recorded. We assessed HDMTX infusions for 48 children. The number of patients and drug doses included the following: 17 children receiving 1 g/m2 (68 infusions), 14 children receiving 2 g/m2 (56 infusions), and 17 children receiving 5 g/m2 (68 infusions). The classification of toxicity was made based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) 2010 criteria. Myelotoxicity was defined as a hemoglobin level <10 g/L and absolute neutrophil count <1 × 109/L or platelet count <75 × 109/L. The presence of transaminase levels >5 times the upper limit was considered to be hepatotoxicity grade >3. The MTX levels at 42 h in patients with and without toxicity were compared to evaluate the correlation between MTX levels, hematologic parameters, and transaminase levels.

Results:
Myelotoxicity was observed in 35.2%, 37.5%, and 33.8% of the infusions, and hepatotoxicity grade >3 was detected in 13.2%, 12.5%, and 11.7% of the infusions in patients receiving 1,2 and 5 g/m2 HDMTX after 7 days, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between MTX levels at 42 h in patients with and without toxicity (P > .05, for all). There was no correlation between hematologic parameters and transaminase levels and MTX levels at 42 h.

Conclusion:
Hematologic toxicity was the most common toxicity observed. The data indicate the hematologic toxicity increased after repeated cycles in patients receiving 5 g/m2. However, the hepatic toxicity decreased with additional cycles. Our results show the level of MTX at 42 h is not effective to identify toxicity.
Crohn's disease: risk factor for colorectal cancer
Authors: Santos Sandra Cristina Dias dos , Barbosa Laura Elisabete Ribeiro 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background Crohn's disease is an inflammatory disease that can reach any part of the gastrointestinal tract. This disease has been associated with an increased neoplastic risk, including colorectal carcinoma.
Objective The objective of this work is to describe the mechanisms present in two diseases, and that are responsible for the increased risk in Crohn's disease.
Methods A bibliographic research was conducted in PubMed database. In addition to the articles obtained with an inserted query in Pubmed, other references relevant to the topic in question were included.
Results Colorectal cancer risk varies according to the presence of certain factors, and an example of this is Crohn's disease. Chronic inflammation seems to be an important contribution to carcinogenesis, since it creates a microenvironment suitable for the onset and progression of the disease. There are molecular changes that are common to two conditions, thus justifying the fact of Crohn's disease being a risk factor for colorectal carcinoma. The disease control with an appropriate therapy and with surveillance are two ways to control this risk.
Conclusions A proinflammatory state is the cornerstone in the association between Crohn's disease and colorectal carcinoma. The implementation of surveillance strategies allowed a decrease in morbidity and mortality associated with this cancer.
Significance of preoperative neutrophil–lymphocyte count ratio on predicting postoperative sepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Sen Volkan , Bozkurt Ibrahim Halil , Aydogdu Ozgu , Yonguc Tarik , Yarimoglu Serkan , Sen Pinar , Koras Omer , Degirmenci Tansu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe evaluated the usefulness of preoperative neutrophil–lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) in predicting postoperative sepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). In total, 487 patients who underwent PCNL for renal stones were included in the present retrospective study. The stone burden, number of tracts and location, operation time, fluoroscopy time, presence of residual stones, and blood transfusion rates were postoperatively recorded in all patients. All patients were followed up for signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis. The association of sepsis/SIRS with the risk factors of infectious complications, including NLCR, was evaluated. SIRS was detected in 91 (18.7%) patients, 25 (5.1%) of whom were diagnosed with sepsis. Stone burden, operation time, irrigation rate, previous surgery, nephrostomy time, access number, blood transfusion, residual stone, postoperative urinary culture, renal pelvis urinary culture, and stone culture were found to be predictive factors for SIRS and sepsis development. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an NLCR cutoff of 2.50 for predicting the occurrence of SIRS/sepsis. We found that the incidence of sepsis was significantly higher in patients with NLCR ≥ 2.50 than in patients with NLCR < 2.50 (p = 0.006). Preoperative and postoperative urine culture positivity were associated with high NLCR (p = 0.039 and p = 0.003, respectively). We believe that preoperative NLCR may be a promising additive predictor of bacteremia and postoperative sepsis in patients who undergo PCNL for renal stones. This marker is simple, easily measured, and easy to use in daily practice without extra costs.
Reliability and Repetition Effect of the Center of Pressure and Kinematics Parameters That Characterize Trunk Postural Control During Unstable Sitting Test
Authors: Barbado David , Moreside Janice , Vera‐Garcia Francisco J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough unstable seat methodology has been used to assess trunk postural control, the reliability of the variables that characterize it remains unclear.ObjectiveTo analyze reliability and learning effect of center of pressure (COP) and kinematic parameters that characterize trunk postural control performance in unstable seating. The relationships between kinematic and COP parameters also were explored.DesignTest‐retest reliability design.SettingsBiomechanics laboratory setting.ParticipantsTwenty‐three healthy male subjects.MethodsParticipants volunteered to perform 3 sessions at 1‐week intervals, each consisting of five 70‐second balancing trials. A force platform and a motion capture system were used to measure COP and pelvis, thorax, and spine displacements. Reliability was assessed through standard error of measurement (SEM) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1) using 3 methods: (1) comparing the last trial score of each day; (2) comparing the best trial score of each day; and (3) calculating the average of the three last trial scores of each day.Main Outcome MeasurementsStandard deviation and mean velocity were calculated to assess balance performance.ResultsAlthough analyses of variance showed some differences in balance performance between days, these differences were not significant between days 2 and 3. Best result and average methods showed the greatest reliability. Mean velocity of the COP showed high reliability (0.71 < ICC < 0.86; 10.3 < SEM < 13.0), whereas standard deviation only showed a low to moderate reliability (0.37 < ICC < 0.61; 14.5 < SEM < 23.0). Regarding the kinematic variables, only pelvis displacement mean velocity achieved a high reliability using the average method (0.62 < ICC < 0.83; 18.8 < SEM < 23.1). Correlations between COP and kinematics were high only for mean velocity (0.45 < r < 0.89).ConclusionsA familiarization session should be performed to overcome learning effect. COP parameters showed a better reliability than kinematics ones. Specifically, mean velocity of COP showed the highest test‐retest reliability, especially for the average and best methods. Although correlations between COP and mean joint angular velocity were high, the few relationships between COP and kinematic standard deviation suggest different postural behavior can lead to a similar balance performance during an unstable sitting protocol.Level of EvidenceIII
CONSUMER PREFERENCE FOR ALTERNATIVE MILK PACKAGING: THE CASE OF AN INFERRED ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTE
Authors: NEILL CLINTON L. , WILLIAMS RYAN B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEcolabeling allows firms to segment a market by informing consumers about unobservable attributes of a product. Previous studies evaluate consumer preferences for products explicitly labeled as possessing positive environmental attributes. This research evaluates consumers’ willingness to pay for a product that is perceived by the consumer as having environmentally friendly attributes. We explore glass packaging for fluid milk as a case study. Data were collected through a contingent valuation survey, and a bound-and-a-half logit model was employed. The estimated premium is 59.78 cents with a premium between $0.73 and $0.92 for consumers more likely to prefer the glass alternative.
Hopes and Prospects for the Sustainability Cross-Curriculum Priority: Provocations From a State-Wide Case Study
Authors: Hill Allen , Dyment Janet E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article draws on research data from a state-wide case study, intertwined with three key moments that occurred in late 2014, to critically engage with the hopes and prospects of the Sustainability Cross-Curriculum Priority (CCP) in Australian schools. These key moments — theIPCC 5th Assessment Synthesis Report(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014), the conclusion of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development, 2005–2014 (UNDESD), and the release of the Australian Government'sReview of the Australian Curriculum: Final Report(Donnelly & Wiltshire, 2014) — illuminate both the imperative of societal change towards sustainability and the difficulty associated with integrating sustainability learning into Australian schools. The research findings presented in this article suggest that while there is reasonable support for the Sustainability CCP in some Tasmanian schools, there are many concerns that may be preventing effective integration of sustainability into curriculum. Most notably, there is a limited level of teacher understanding or capability in relation to the Sustainability CCP, which is probably compounded by a distinct lack of professional learning and development. As the spotlight is increasingly focused on the CCPs, we argue for structural change to the curriculum, alongside increased support for schools and teachers, in order to see sustainability learning effectively weaved into Australian schooling.