bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data Quality, Bias, and Strategic Challenges in Reinforcement Learning for Healthcare: A Survey
Authors: Atta Ur Rahman  , Bibi Saqia  , Yousef S. Alsenani  , Inam Ullah  
Published: September 2024

Data quality is a critical aspect of data analytics since it directly influences the accuracy and effectiveness of insights and predictions generated from data. Artificial Intelligence (AI) schemes have grown in the existing era of technological advancement, which provides innovative exposure to healthcare applications. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a subfield and an influential Machine Learning (ML) model aimed at optimizing decision-making by association with dynamic environments. In healthcare applications, RL can modify conduct strategies, enhance source application, and improve patient investigation history by using various data modalities. The worth of the data quality regulates how effective RL is in healthcare applications. In healthcare, the model predictions have a direct impact on patient's lives, and poor data quality often leads to wrong evaluations that expose patient safety and treatment quality. Biases in data quality have also presented a challenging influence on the RL model's effectiveness and accuracy. RL models have enormous potential in healthcare; however, various strategic limitations prevent their widespread acceptance and deployment. The implementation of RL in healthcare faces serious issues, mostly around data quality, bias, and tactical difficulties. This study delivers a broad survey of these challenges, emphasizing how imbalanced, imperfect, and biased data can affect the generalizability and performance of RL models. We critically assessed the sources of data bias, comprising demographic imbalances and irregularities in electronic health records (EHRs), and their impact on RL algorithms. This survey aims to present a detailed study of the complex circumstances relating to data quality, data biases, and strategic barriers in RL models deploying in healthcare applications. However, the main contribution of the proposed study is that it provides a systematic review of these challenges and delivers a roadmap for future work intended to refine the consistency, fairness, and scalability of RL in healthcare sectors.
أمهات المؤمنين في القرآن الكريم
Authors: معتز حسين سليم  , محمود العكلا  
Published: September 2024

كثيرة هي الخصائص التي اختص الله بها نبيه محمدا - صلى الله عليه وسلم - على غيره من البشر، إظهارا لقدره ومكانته ، وإعلاء لمرتبته وشأنه ، ومنها خصوصية كثرة زوجاته ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ التي أثيرت حولها الشبهات من أعداء الإسلام والمنافقين قديما وحديثا ..
فمن خصائص النبي ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ أنه أبيح له الزواج بأكثر من أربع ، قال الشافعي : " دلت سنة رسول الله ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ المبينة عن الله أنه لا يجوز لأحد غير رسول الله أن يجمع بين أكثر من أربع من النسوة ".. وقال ابن كثير : " وهذا الذي قاله الشافعيمجمع عليه بين العلماء " .. فهذا الحكم من خصائصه ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ التي انفرد به دون غيره من الأمة ، وذلك أنه ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ معصوم من الجور الذي قد يقع فيه غيره ، إضافة لما في زواجه بأكثر من أربع من تحقيق لأهداف وحكم هامة ..
ويطلق على زوجات النبي ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ أمهات المؤمنين ، تكريما لشأنهن وإعلاء لقدرهن ، وقد شرفهن الله - تعالى - بذلك فقال : { النبي أولى بالمؤمنين من أنفسهم وأزواجه أمهاتهم }(الأحزاب: من الآية6).. وقد بلغت زوجات النبي ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ اللاتي دخل بهن إحدى عشرة ، كما ذكر ابن حجر في فتح الباري ، وابن القيم في زاد المعاد ، وهن كالآتي :
خديجة بنت خويلد ـ رضي الله عنها ـ :
تزوجها النبي ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ بمكة وهو ابن خمس وعشرين سنة ، وهي أول امرأة آمنت من هذه الأمة ، وبقيت مع النبي ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ إلى أن أكرمه الله برسالته ، فآمنت به ونصرته ، فكانت له وزير صدق ، وماتت قبل الهجرة بثلاث سنين ، ولأم المؤمنين خديجةـ رضي الله عنها ـ خصائص كثيرة اختصت بها ، منها : أنه ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ لم يتزوج غيرها ، وأن أولاده جميعا كلهم منها إلا إبراهيم ـ عليه السلام ـ ، وهم القاسم وعبد الله وزينب ورقية وأم كلثوم وفاطمة ..
ومن عظيم خصائصها أن الله ـ عز وجل ـ بعث إليها السلام مع جبريل ـ عليه السلام ـ ، فعن أبي هريرة ـ رضي الله عنه ـ قال : ( أتى جبريل عليه السلام فقال : يا رسول الله ، هذه خديجة أتتك بإناء فيه طعام ، أو إناء فيه شراب ، فإذا هي أتتك ، فاقرأ عليها من ربها السلام ، وبشرها ببيت في الجنة من قصب (لؤلؤ مجوف) ، لا صخب فيه ولا نصب )(البخاري).
Machiavelli in kindergarten by peter schooff
Authors: طارق خلف ذياب الحلبوسي  
Published: September 2024

Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527) is one of the most influential political philosophers in history, known primarily for his treatise The Prince. His works mark a significant shift in political theory, diverging from the more moralistic approach of earlier thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle, and advocating for a pragmatic, often cynical approach to political leadership. Machiavelli's contributions are not limited to politics; he also wrote extensively on military strategy, history, and literature. His ideas have been the subject of intense debate, interpretation, and even misinterpretation since his death.

This essay will explore Machiavelli's life, works, and legacy, with a focus on The Prince, his views on power, ethics, and human nature, and the lasting impact of his ideas on political thought.
Niccolò Machiavelli's work, particularly The Prince, has been a controversial foundation for discussions around leadership, politics, and power. In Machiavelli in Kindergarten, Peter Schooff draws a surprising parallel between Machiavellian tactics and the dynamics of childhood interactions in a kindergarten setting. This research aims to explore the nuances of Schooff’s arguments and examine whether Machiavellian principles, often considered manipulative and strategic, can be observed and applied in early childhood behavior. The study will also address the implications of such observations on early education, leadership development, and human nature.
Niccolò Machiavelli's work, especially The Prince (1513), has had a profound impact on the understanding of political strategy, power dynamics, and leadership. Traditionally, his ideas are viewed through the lens of political philosophy, emphasizing pragmatic, sometimes manipulative, approaches to leadership. In Machiavelli in Kindergarten, Peter Schooff makes a provocative argument by suggesting that even at a young age, children engage in behavior that reflects Machiavellian principles. This comparison offers an unconventional perspective on early childhood development and questions long-standing assumptions about innocence and morality in children.

This research proposal aims to thoroughly investigate Schooff's argument, examining whether children exhibit behaviors analogous to Machiavellian strategies. It will analyze how power dynamics, social manipulation, and conflict resolution manifest in kindergarten settings. Furthermore, the study will explore the potential educational and psychological implications of these findings, providing insight into how early leadership skills develop and how such behaviors should be understood and guided by educators and parents
أثر استراتيجية التعلم المدمج في دافعية تعلم مادة التربية الاسلامية لدى طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي
Authors: عبد الله صباح محمد  
Published: September 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على (أثر استراتيجية التعلم المدمج في دافعية تعلم مادة التربية الاسلامية لدى طلاب الخامس الادبي)
ولغرض التحقق من ذلك تم صياغة الفرضية الصفرية التي تنص على انه (لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0,05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية التي تدرس باستخدام استراتيجية (التعلم المدمج) ومتوسط درجات المجموعة الضابطة التي تدرس باستخدام الطريقة الاعتيادية في دافعية تعلم مادة التربية الاسلامية).
وقد استعمل الباحث المنهج التجريبي واختار التصميم التجريبي ذا المجموعتين المتكافئة ذات الاختبار البعدي، وتألف مجتمع الدراسة من طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي في المدارس الإعدادية التابعة للمديرية العامة لتربية الرصافة الثالثة للعام الدراسي (2023-2024) لغرض تطبيق التجربة، بلغت عينة الدراسة (60) طالبا من طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي وزعوا على مجموعتين واحدة تجريبية وواحدة ضابطة، إذ كان عدد المجموعة التجريبية (30) طالب الذين درسوا وفق استراتيجية التعلم المدمج، وعدد المجموعة الضابطة (30) طالب الذين درسوا وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية، أعد الباحث الاداة اللازمة لدراسته الحالية والتي اشتملت على مقياس دافعية التعلم المكون من (40) فقرة بتدرج خماسي(دائماً، غالباً، أحياناً، نادراً، أبداً)، واستخرج بنفسه الخصائص السايكومترية اللازمة لأداة الدراسة , ثم شرع الباحث بنفسه في تنفيذ التجربة، وبعد إنهاء التجربة طبق الباحث المقياس على عينة الدراسة لغرض التحقق من صحة فرضية الدراسة وبعد معالجة البيانات من خلال برنامج الحزمة الإحصائية (SPSS) باستعمال الوسائل الإحصائية المناسبة لمنهج الدراسة، كشفت الدراسة على وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المجموعة التجريبية والضابطة في الاختبار دافعية تعلم مادة التربية الاسلامية لصالح المجموعة التجريبية واستنادا" إلى نتائج الدراسة الحالية توصل الباحث إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقرحات.
Karakteristik Anomali Magnetik dari Metode Reduksi ke Kutub dan Reduksi ke Ekuator pada Struktur Sesar
Authors: Aulia Huda Pinandita  , Wahyu Sutresno  
Published: September 2024

Magnetic interpretation has its own challenges due to the bipolar nature of the Earth's magnetic field. So it is necessary to apply the reduction to poles and reduction to equator methods to make structure’s identification easier. In this research, magnetic data collection has been carried out in Lembang, West Java with the aim of validating the synthetic model anomaly results with field data to identify the position of the Lembang fault structure. By applying the pole reduction and equator reduction methods to magnetic anomaly field data, the structure of the Lembang Fault can be identified well and the anomaly character obtained from each method.
Mengelola Keuangan Dalam Usaha Untuk Membantu Perekonomian
Authors: Elvina Safitri  , Mukhlis Yunus  , Hayati Hayati  , Suci Nisa Angraini  
Published: September 2024

Community service looks at business financial management which has not been implemented optimally by business actors. This becomes a problem and instability in running a business. Community service is implemented in four stages. The four stages are related to each other so that solutions can be found to existing problems, including the lack of clarity regarding profit distribution in financial reports, so that financial management is traditional. Community servive was carried out at shop X in Riau Province. The implementation of community service ran smoothly, supported by good cooperation with partners.
Analisis Faktor Penunjang Keberhasilan Proyek Konstruksi Gedung Buddhi Dharma
Authors: Yadi Asso  
Published: September 2024

Project success is the ultimate goal of every project. The difference in the success factors (Buddhi Dharma Building construction project) projects are due to each project having different influencing factors. Therefore, each party involved must have a certain strategy for the success of the project, namely knowing the most influential factors on the success (success) of the construction implementation. This researcher aims to identify the factors that support the success (Buddhi Dharma Building Construction project) Construction project in the southern Banten city of Tangerang. The research method used is descriptive analysis using a questionnaire with data on construction projects that are currently or have been done. Or the respondents are the main director, project manager, site manager, implementation, technical staff, quantity and quality control. From the returning quisoner, the data was tested using SPSS. There are 30 questionnaires distributed. The response rate is 100%. From the research data there are 4 factors with sub factors / variables. These 4 factors are project management factors, cost, time, quality of work, work safety. The results of the validation test, obtained 4 factors and 7 valid variables. The results of the reliability test, all valid factors are also reliable. From data analysis with SPSS version, 2.4, the most dominant factors on construction costs are: for project management, the plans and schedules used, affecting of project management factors, the most dominant sub-factor is the implementation schedule is not in accordance with schedule, which is of the time, the most dominant sub-factor is the project bidding method, which is 4.7. Equipment factor, the most dominant sub-factor is the monitoring and planning capacity used, which is The results of this researcher are later expected to be taken into consideration for all parties involved in the implementation of construction projects in order to achieve project success.
Pengawetan Sari Buah Mangga Arum Manis (Mangifera Indica L) Menggunakan Eugenol
Authors: Ery Fatarina Purwaningtyas  , Wafik Nur Maulina  , Sri Mulyaningsih  
Published: September 2024

Sweet arum mango is one type of mango which when harvested has the highest vitamin C content of 7.53 ± 0.4 mg / 100 g. Processed sweet arum mango fruit products that have the potential to be developed are in the form of fruit juice. This is a consideration for researchers to conduct further research on the addition of eugenol preservatives with different concentrations of preservatives and storage times to produce better mango juice. Eugenol compounds have pharmacological activities as analgesics, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiseptic, stimulant, so these compounds are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Based on the experimental results, optimal conditions for the use of eugenol occurred until day 2, where the addition of eugenol with treatment 3 as much as 1 ml amounted to 38.82% better when compared to other variations of eugenol addition. The addition of eugenol preservatives cannot preserve the content of vitamin C in sweet mango juice even the content of vitamin C tends to decrease. Sweet arum mango juice has a shelf life of 12 days and total dissolved solids of more than 20%, so the resulting fruit juice does not meet SNI 7382:2009.
Perencanaan Titik Hydrant Pada Gudang PT. Putraduta Buanasentosa Menggunakan Standart NFPA 14
Authors: Aditio Achmad Fauzi  , Aditya Pradana  , Dwi Novita Indirani  , Wanda Ardhani Sulistyo  , Dika Ayu Safitri  
Published: September 2024

Awareness of potential hazards, risks of accidents, and the need for preventive measures is a must to create a safe and healthy working environment for all workers. The choice to implement a hydrant system is seen as an effective preventive measure in addressing potential fire risks, which are a major threat to the warehouse environment. Thus, this research planning has not only a purely academic purpose, but also seeks to make practical contributions to strengthening the application of the Principles of Occupational Safety and Health in the industrial sector. The planning research was done by jumping directly into the field and the data source was obtained from interviews with local authorities. This research describes the design of the hydrant system in order to be able and meet the safety standards set by the NPFA. The results of the conservation of the warehouse of PT. Putraduta Buanasentosa then the author was able to describe the building based on the construction of the building. The warehouse PT. Putraduta Buanasentoza requires hydrant boxes of 6 pieces. The water requirements for the fire protection system based on NFPA have been calculated by considering the building size as well as the risk of fire with hydrant 6 pieces and 1 hydrant pillar, requires 4800 liters of water/minute and to extinguish the fire in the event of a fire requires a time of 15 minutes where the required water requirements in 15 minutes is 72.000 litres of water.
Desain Dan Perancangan Mesin Pengering Padi Dengan Pemanas Gas Elpiji Sistem Terpadu
Authors: Supriyono Supriyono  , Leo Aji Saputro  
Published: September 2024

Technological development is urgently needed to handle rice drying, namely by designing and designing rice drying machines, by utilizing heating from burning LPG gas which is arranged in an integrated system. The purpose of this paper is to design and design a rice drying machine, selecting machine components and including analysis of the strength of the dryer shaft by knowing von Misses stress, displacement and safety factors. The design of the rice drying machine uses 1 source of electric motor driving power to operate an integrated drying and heating system. With the power of 0.5 HP (0.37 kW) it is planned to be able to dry rice with a capacity of 30 kg/hour. The power generated by the electric motor is used to move pulley-1 (drive), which is transmitted using V-belt transmission to move pulley-2 (gear box and dryer blower). The length of the first belt transmission (L) is 813 mm and the second is 1270 mm. And uses a chain transmission with type number 40 which has a distance of 12.70 mm with a chain length of 76 links. The bearing used is a radial ball bearing with a single row UCP 205. Based on the results of the analysis of the rice drying machine shaft using solidwork software, Von Misses stress value is 40.55 MPa, displacement value is 0.19 mm, and safety factor value is 13.07, so from the simulation results this rice drying shaft can be said to be safe in accepting workloads
Sture Bolin
Authors: Odén Birgitta 
Published: September 2024

Historian and numismatist Sture Bolin (1900-63) spent his career in Lund. He succeded Lauritz Weibull as professor of history in 1938 and later established Sweden's first university department of history.
Bolin was a political conservative, a nationalist and an active member of the Swedish National Youth Association (SNU) from his teens onward. He was inspired by conservative French restoration authors de Bonald and de Maistre. He was not very interested in German nationalism, and nor did he sympathise with Nazism.
After Germany invaded Denmark and Norway in 1940, Bolin left the SNU. His contemporaries did not see him as a German supporter.
In 1996, more than 30 years after Bolin died, historian Sverker Oredsson described Bolin as an "active anti-democrat, racist and i.a. ideologue for the Swedish National Youth Association". Students in Lund were markedly pro-German during the war, for which Oredsson pointed to propaganda before the war with Bolin as alleged ideologue.
Oredsson's judgement of Bolin became widely disseminated despite the fact that it has no support in the sources. The idea of Sture Bolin as a proto-Nazi propagandist is an historical factoid sensu Martin Kylhammar, that is, an unproven statement presented in an authoritative publication with wide distribution. There is in fact nothing to suggest that Bolin's influence made students in Lund during the war more pro-German.
Änkedrottning Hedvig Eleonoras livgeding 1660-1719
Authors: Brunius Jan , Asker Björn 
Published: September 2024

(The principality of Hedvig Eleonora, dowager queen of Sweden 1660-1719.)
Hedvig Eleonora, princess of Holstein-Gottorp, born in 1636, married the Swedish king Charles X Gustav in 1654 and became a widow already in 1660. As a dowager queen she was allotted parts of the Swedish provinces Uppland, Västmanland, Södermanland and Östergötland for her maintenance (Swed. "livgeding", Germ. "Leibgedinge"). She governed her lands as an independent principality with the help of a governor and several bailiffs until her death in 1715.
This paper gives for the first time a description of the administration and the economy of her lands. The incomes were mainly based on grain rents which were sold to merchants, brewers and foundry proprietors in central Sweden. The expenses were often caused by building costs for the many palaces in the area. The paper ends with a survey of the remaining archives of the "livgeding".
STUDENTS’ FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN CREATIVE WRITING: A STUDY ON EFL WRITING IN STATE UNIVERSITY OF GORONTALO
Authors: Saud Jefriyanto , Jayanti Harja Rini 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This research investigates the tendency of English Department students to employ figurative language in creative writing. The study also delves into the generic structure of such language, aiming to understand the nuances within the creative writing produced by the students. Recognizing creative writing as a vital tool for comprehending language characteristics and fostering creativity, this research seeks to address students' challenges in composition arising from a lack of understanding and assumptions about its similarity to conventional writing. A preliminary study revealing insufficient creativity among English Department students in producing figurative language (Juliandini, 2013), this research adopts semantic analysis (Jackson, 2000) as the theoretical framework. Employing a qualitative method, the study analyzes creative writing from eight students. Componential analysis is employed to explore the deep structure of words, unraveling semantic interrelations between components to reveal meanings at the surface level. The results indicate a propensity among students to generate figurative language, with metaphor emerging most frequently in participants' creative writing. Simile, personification, and the less frequent hyperbole follow in occurrence. These findings contribute valuable insights into the creative writing abilities of English Department students, informing strategies to enhance their language proficiency and creative expression. The research underscores the significance of mastering creative writing skills as a means to enrich language capabilities and foster creativity among students.
The relationship between price and nutritional balance for young adults in the menus of Japanese restaurants
Authors: Ogasawara Yu , Asanuma Miyuki , Kasuya Masashi , Soma Yuki 
Published: September 2024

Background
Eating habits are a contributing factor to obesity. Higher-priced menu items have better nutritional quality/balance, as the relationship between the price of food per serving and nutritional quality/balance has been reported. However, previous studies on the nutritional content of restaurant menu items did not focus on the relationship between the nutritional balance of menu items and prices. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate this relationship.

Methods
The nutritional balance score (NBS) was defined and calculated according to each nutritional criterion of men and women aged 18–29 years, covering more than 2,000 menu items in 26 Japanese restaurant chains. Furthermore, NBS distribution by gender and restaurant brand, and the relationship between the menu item’s NBS and price were assessed.

Results
The results showed that the average NBS of the analyzed menu items differed between the criteria for men and women, with the menu items assessed based on men’s criterion being more nutritionally balanced on average. The compositions of the top 10 menu items differed between men and women, and most were set menus or rice bowl menus, which were offered by fast-food restaurants. The relationship between price and NBS in most fast-food and casual restaurants was expressed as a concave function. The maximum NBS based on the criteria for men and women were 64.9 and 64.1, with prices of 639.9 and 530.3 yen, respectively.

Discussion
NBS score increased with price to a certain level before decreasing, suggesting that the price at which NBS was the highest differed between men and women. The results of this study could contribute to the development of a methodology for healthy eating out practices, with a focus on price.