bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of forestry to rural development
Authors: Lust N. , Nachtergale L. 
Published: July 2016

Rural development will be a primary challenge in the next century. Consequently, the question arises what will be the contribution of forestry to this rural development, taking into account that nowadays in terms of rural employment the importance of forestry is low. Rural areas are confronted with major challenges of economic restructuring and development, partially due to the permanent evolution of perception and roles of forests and managers in rural development. In comparison with the recent past, the current rural economies are much more diverse and urban/globally interrelated. Next to the limited direct income and employment supply, intelligent rural forestry protects the agricultural crops and enhances their productivity. But moreover, the potentials of the new forest functions must be explored, based on the typical charactersistics of each individual rural area. There still are, also in the next century, various reasons for farmers to incorporate forests within their farming system. However, the motives and objectives for management may be quite diverse and a lot of problems must be solved, before forestry can express its full potential. Beside the production of marketable goods, numerous arguments about quality of environment, landscape beauty, biodiversity protection, water quality, erosion control, etc. are recommended to farmers. The challenge of sustainable rural development is to promote efficiency and social equity, while respecting and enhancing ecological integrity and cultural identity. For the implementation of the forestry contribution, three specific means are available: forest development programmes, full utilisation of potential market chances for wood and non-wood products and marketing of forest services.
Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) energy plantations in Hungary
Authors: Rédei K. 
Published: July 2016

Establishment of plantations primarily for fuel production has been of international interest for many years. Energy fuel production experiments in Hungary have been conducted for a longer time. In the country the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand - forming tree species, covering approximately 20% of the forested lands and providing about 18% of the annual timber output of the country. In Helvecia (central Hungary, sand-soil region) an energy plantation was established using common black locust and its cultivars. The spacing variations of the common black locust were the followings: 1.5x0.3 m, 1.5x0.5 m and 1.5x1.0 m. At the age of 5 the closest spacing (1 .5xO.3 m) produced the greatest annual increment in oven-dry mass (6.5 t/ha/yr). This exceeds the increments of the two wider spacings by 33% and 51 %, respectively. Concerning to the results of the yield trial with black locust cultivars planted in spacing of 1.5x1.0 m, at the age of 5 the highest yield was produced by the cultivar 'ÜllDi' (8.0 t/ha/yr), followed by 'Jaszkiseri' (7.3 t/ha/yr) and the common black locust (6.7 t/ha/yr).
C-accumulation and allocation after afforestation of a pasture with Pin oak (Quercus palustris) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
Authors: Schauvlieghe M. , Lust N. 
Published: July 2016

The aim of the study is to investigate how afforestation of agricultural land effects the C-cycle. That is why the allocation and accumulation of carbon was quantified in 2 types of deciduous forest with 2 different ages on the one side and in unforested pasture on the other. The total C-content of the pasture amounted to 128 ton C/ha. The total C-content in the young (29 years old) and old (69 years old) ash stand was 173 ton C/ha and 232 ton C/ha respectively. The young pin oak stand (27 years old) had a C-content of 117 ton C/ha, the old oak-beech stand (69 years old) one of 227 ton C/ha. It was prooved that the young ash stand evolves to a higher C-content than the C-content of the pasture. In the young ash stand the aboveground and belowground C-pools are equally big. The older the stand, the more important the portion of the soil carbon becomes. The carbon in old stands is mainly stocked in the form of stable soil carbon. After 27 years the pin oak stand has a lower C-content than the pasture. Furthermore, most of the carbon is situated aboveground. In the old oak-beech stand on the other hand the soil has been complemented. The soil carbon - as for the ash stand- takes the most important portion. This stable reservoir however is smaller than in the ash stand. This study shows that when foresting a pasture the choice of tree species has an important impact on the accumulation, allocation, evolution and stability of carbon.
Attitude of owners of poplar plantations towards conversion of these plantations
Authors: Lust N. , Kongs T. , Nachtergale L. 
Published: July 2016

Concern for ecological values is one of the most important topics of today's forest management. In this respect the widespread small scale poplar plantations are strongly discussed, but it is obvious that their nature value can strongly be increased by creation of an understorey or by introduction of other native tree species. The question is, however, whether the owners are willing to transform their plantations. Therefore this study investigates, via an inquiry by telephone, the owners attitude concerning their poplar plantations. The inquiry was conducted with 60 owners. The response reached 87%. Half of the owners attach little to negligible value to their poplar plantations. Two thirds of them appreciate the artificial or spontaneous substorey in these plantations. Half of the owners are willing to convert their poplar plantation towards a mixed hardwood. 35% of the owners absolutely want to replant poplars in the future. Authorities can, by means of a directed policy, stimulate the conversion of poplar plantations towards mixed broad-leaved stands.
Effect of thinning on the diameter increment in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) stands
Authors: Redei K. , Meilby H. 
Published: July 2016

Black locust is one of the most important stand forming species in Hungary, covering approximately 20% of the forested land (340 thousand ha) and providing 25% of the annual timber cut of the country. Hence, during the past two decades several experiments with this species have been carried out. This paper investigates the influence of thinning on the diameter increment in an experiment including four plots. One plot was left as an unthinned control plot and three plots were thinned with various thinning intensities at age 22. The experiment was measured at ages 22, 27, 32, and 36. Apparently the thinning intensities applied on two of the plots did not come up to the intensity required to influence the diameter growth of the remaining upper-storey trees. Therefore, for a given tree size the growth of the trees on these two plots did not differ significantly from the growth of similar trees in the unthinned plot. By contrast, significant thinning effects on the diameter increment of individual trees were observed on the most heavily thinned plot. Here the diameter increment was enhanced for trees with diameters of less than 20 cm, whereas the largest trees of the stand exhibited reduced growth. Apparently a stand density corresponding to the heavy thinning treatment (Fw values of 22-23) is required to get a significant thinning response. On the other hand, to avoid thinning shocks, it may be recommendable to apply two moderate thinning treatments instead of a single heavy one.
Nem-keynesi hatások érvényre jutása a keresleti oldalon
Authors: Benczes Istvan 
Published: July 2016

Az ún. nem-keynesi hatások vizsgálata mára a makro-gazdaságpolitikai kutatások egyik kitüntetett területe lett. Népszerűvé válása érthető, hiszen a vizsgálódás középpontjában az a kérdés áll, hogy mikéntmagyarázható a fiskális konszolidáció már rövid távon is növekedést gerjesztő hatása. Arra keresik a szerzők a választ, hogy melyek azok az általános jellemzők, amelyek biztosítják a fiskális multiplikátor előjelváltását. A dolgozat a nem-keynesi hatások egyik lehetséges magyarázatát, a kereslet-oldali megközelítést teszi elemzés tárgyává azzal a céllal, hogy bemutassa: a fogyasztási csatornán keresztül érvényre jutó rövid távú expanziós hatások csak akkor várhatók, ha a fiskális kiigazítást olyan környezetben hajtja végre a kormány, ahol nem, vagy csak kevéssé érvényesül a likviditási korlát, valamint ahol a pénzügyi közvetítő rendszer fejlett, illetve dinamikusan mélyül.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: E62, E65.
Szabályozási koherencia és gazdaság növekedés
Authors: Czegledi Pal 
Published: July 2016

A tanulmány a szabályozás országok közötti eltéréseinek okait vizsgálja. Abból az ellentmondásból indul ki, hogy a szegény országok alkalmazzák a nagyobb mennyiségű szabályozási eszközt, holott empirikusan kimutatható, hogy a kevesebb szabályozást alkalmazó országok növekednek gyorsabban. A tanulmány ennek magyarázatához bevezeti a szabályozási koherencia fogalmát, és ennek országok közötti különbségeit egyszerre próbálja magyarázni a szabályozás általános szintjének eltéréseivel. A fő állítás az, hogy a szabályozási koherencia és a szabályozási szint is a külső, tágabb intézményrendszer függvénye, mert ezek eltérései befolyásolják a szabályozók ösztönzőit. Az állítást a tanulmány klaszterelemzéssel próbálja empirikusan is megalapozni.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: B53, M13, L51
Hospitalization Rates for Patients on Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis Compared with In-Center Hemodialysis
Authors: Oliver Matthew J. , Al-Jaishi Ahmed A. , Dixon Stephanie N. , Perl Jeffrey , Jain Arsh K. , Lavoie Susan D. , Nash Danielle M. , Paterson J. Michael , Lok Charmaine E. , Quinn Robert R. 
Published: July 2016

Background and objectives
Assisted peritoneal dialysis is a treatment option for individuals with barriers to self-care who wish to receive home dialysis, but previous research suggests that this treatment modality is associated with a higher rate of hospitalization. The objective of our study was to determine whether assisted peritoneal dialysis has a different rate of hospital days compared to in-center hemodialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study by linking a quality assurance dataset to administrative health data in Ontario, Canada. Subjects were accrued between January 1, 2004 and July 9, 2013. Individuals were grouped into assisted peritoneal dialysis (family or home care assisted) or in-center hemodialysis on the basis of their first outpatient dialysis modality. Inverse probability of treatment weighting using a propensity score was used to create a sample in which the baseline covariates were well balanced.

Results
The study included 872 patients in the in–center hemodialysis group and 203 patients in the assisted peritoneal dialysis group. Using an intention to treat approach, patients on assisted peritoneal dialysis had a similar hospitalization rate of 11.1 d/yr (95% confidence interval, 9.4 to 13.0) compared with 12.9 d/yr (95% confidence interval, 10.3 to 16.1) in the hemodialysis group (P=0.19). Patients on assisted peritoneal dialysis were more likely to be hospitalized for dialysis-related reasons (admitted for 2.4 d/yr [95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 3.2] compared with 1.6 d/yr [95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.3] in the hemodialysis group; P=0.04). This difference was partly explained by more hospital days because of peritonitis. Modality switching was associated with high rates of hospital days per year.

Conclusions
Assisted peritoneal dialysis was associated with similar rates of all-cause hospitalization compared with in-center hemodialysis. Patients on assisted peritoneal dialysis who experienced peritonitis and technique failure had high rates of hospitalization.
The Reporting of Income and Expense and the Choice of Measurement Bases
Authors: Marshall Roger , Lennard Andrew 
Published: July 2016

SYNOPSIS:
This paper contributes to the development of a “Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting” as currently being undertaken by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Building on the ideas of “asymmetric prudence” and the business model, it contrasts “value added” and “price change” businesses and argues that an entry price is appropriate for the operating assets of the former kind of business while a current market value is appropriate for the latter. It notes that both historical cost and current cost are entry values. While accepting that historical cost is likely to continue to be widely used, it questions whether the Conceptual Framework should preclude the use of current cost, and argues that if current cost is to be used, then the cost of consumption should be reported separately from holding gains and losses. The paper advocates the reporting of operating income, and discusses what items of income and expense should be reported in other comprehensive income rather than in profit or loss. It questions whether all such items should be “recycled” to the statement of profit or loss in a later accounting period.
Income Statement Reporting Discretion Allowed by FIN 48: Interest and Penalty Expense Classification
Authors: Abernathy John L. , Beyer Brooke , Gross Andrew D. , Rapley Eric T. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48, FASB 2006) allows discretion regarding the income statement classification of interest and penalty expenses for unrecognized tax benefits (UTBs). We investigate whether tax avoidance, management compensation, and debt agreements affect the expense classification election and whether this discretion has implications for financial statement users. We find firms that engage in tax avoidance activities, measured by effective tax rates (ETRs) and involvement in tax disputes, are more likely to include interest and penalties in tax expense. We also find that interest and penalties are more likely to be classified as tax expense when CEO compensation is more sensitive to pre-tax income. Finally, we find that UTB interest and penalty expense classification is associated with analysts' ETR forecast accuracy, which suggests there is a potential unintended consequence related to decision usefulness of FIN 48 reporting due to expense classification discretion.
Incidental Finding of Lymphoma after Septoplasty
Authors: Kuan Edward C. , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Bhuta Sunita M. , Palma Diaz Miguel Fernando , Kedeshian Paul A. , Suh Jeffrey D. 
Published: July 2016

Introduction Septoplasty, or surgical correction of the deviated septum, is an elective, routinely performed rhinologic procedure to address nasal airway obstruction. In many cases, resected septal cartilage and bone fragments are sent for pathologic review, although there is no consensus on this practice. We reported two cases of incidentally diagnosed lymphoma after elective septoplasty and discussed clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. Methods Retrospective chart review of two patients who underwent septoplasty at a tertiary academic medical center and found to have incidental lymphoma based on histopathology. Results Two patients who underwent septoplasty had an incidental diagnosis of lymphoma on pathologic analysis. One patient was noted to have an S-shaped septal deviation that produced bilateral nasal obstruction. She underwent a difficult septoplasty, in which the mucoperichondrial flap was firmly adherent to the underlying septum and bone. Final pathology demonstrated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. She was treated with chemoradiation and remained free of disease at 59 months. The other patient had a history of nasal trauma, which produced left septal deviation. He underwent an uncomplicated septoplasty, with pathology that demonstrated low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Because there was no evidence of active disease, the decision was made to not treat and to observe the patient clinically. Conclusions This is the first reported series of septal lymphoma incidentally diagnosed on routine septoplasty. Although histopathologic review of specimens from routine nasal and sinus surgery is not routinely performed, this report highlighted the importance of this process, on a case-by-case basis, in detecting unexpected malignancies that otherwise were clinically silent.
Acquisition et évaluation des compétences des enfants instruits hors institution scolaire
Authors: Nozarian Bernadette 
Published: July 2016

Les familles qui ne scolarisent pas leurs enfants (Homeschoolers) peinent à faire accepter leur démarche pédagogique par l’Éducation nationale. Celle-ci a t-elle légitimité à contrôler une instruction acquise hors de son cadre ? Dans cet article sont présentés le mode d’acquisition et d’évaluation des compétences des Unschoolers et des pistes de réflexion pour désamorcer une situation devenue critique.
Le bénévolat, une porte d’entrée privilégiée pour mobiliser les jeunes dans des activités d’apprentissage propices au développement de compétences transversales
Authors: Cortessis Sandrine , Guisan Saskia Weber 
Published: July 2016

La recherche présentée dans cet article se penche sur l’engagement de jeunes âgés de 16 à 25 ans dans des activités bénévoles au sein d’associations de divers types. Par le biais d’une trentaine d’entretiens semi-directifs, nous cherchons à comprendre comment les jeunes s’engagent dans des activités qui ne sont ni rémunérées, ni obligatoires ; comment et pourquoi ils se mobilisent dans ce type d’activité et finalement, comment l’environnement associatif peut être potentiellement un lieu de développement de compétences. En nous intéressant d’abord à la trajectoire de ces jeunes bénévoles, puis aux ressources qui leur sont offertes au sein des associations, nous explorons un lieu d’apprentissage informel qui permet, sous certaines conditions, le développement de compétences dites transversales.
Mst1 Kinase Regulates the Actin-Bundling Protein L-Plastin To Promote T Cell Migration
Authors: Xu Xiaolu , Wang Xinxin , Todd Elizabeth M. , Jaeger Emily R. , Vella Jennifer L. , Mooren Olivia L. , Feng Yunfeng , Hu Jiancheng , Cooper John A. , Morley Sharon Celeste , Huang Yina H. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Exploring the mechanisms controlling lymphocyte trafficking is essential for understanding the function of the immune system and the pathophysiology of immunodeficiencies. The mammalian Ste20–like kinase 1 (Mst1) has been identified as a critical signaling mediator of T cell migration, and loss of Mst1 results in immunodeficiency disease. Although Mst1 is known to support T cell migration through induction of cell polarization and lamellipodial formation, the downstream effectors of Mst1 are incompletely defined. Mice deficient for the actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL) have phenotypes similar to mice lacking Mst1, including decreased T cell polarization, lamellipodial formation, and cell migration. We therefore asked whether LPL functions downstream of Mst1. The regulatory N-terminal domain of LPL contains a consensus Mst1 phosphorylation site at Thr89. We found that Mst1 can phosphorylate LPL in vitro and that Mst1 can interact with LPL in cells. Removal of the Mst1 phosphorylation site by mutating Thr89 to Ala impaired localization of LPL to the actin-rich lamellipodia of T cells. Expression of the T89A LPL mutant failed to restore migration of LPL-deficient T cells in vitro. Furthermore, expression of T89A LPL in LPL-deficient hematopoietic cells, using bone marrow chimeras, failed to rescue the phenotype of decreased thymic egress. These results identify LPL as a key effector of Mst1 and establish a novel mechanism linking a signaling intermediate to an actin-binding protein critical to T cell migration.
Introductory remarks
Authors: Budja Mihael 
Published: July 2016

Volume XXIX of Documenta Praehistorica – the 9th Neolithic Studies anthology, comprises papers originally presented at the eighth international Neolithic Seminar – The Neolithization of Eurasia – Perspectives from Pottery at the Department of Archaeology, in November 2001. All the papers given by the invited speakers are included in revised form in this volume.
Renal Drug Dosing
Authors: Vogel Erin , Billups Sarah , Herner Sheryl , Delate Thomas 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an outpatient renal dose adjustment alert via a computerized provider order entry (CPOE) clinical decision support system (CDSS) versus a CDSS with alerts made to dispensing pharmacists.This was a retrospective analysis of patients with renal impairment and 30 medications that are contraindicated or require dose-adjustment in such patients. The primary outcome was the rate of renal dosing errors for study medications that were dispensed between August and December 2013, when a pharmacist-based CDSS was in place, versus August through December 2014, when a prescriber-based CDSS was in place. A dosing error was defined as a prescription for one of the study medications dispensed to a patient where the medication was contraindicated or improperly dosed based on the patient’s renal function. The denominator was all prescriptions for the study medications dispensed during each respective study period.During the pharmacist-and prescriber-based CDSS study periods, 49,054 and 50,678 prescriptions, respectively, were dispensed for one of the included medications. Of these, 878 (1.8%) and 758 (1.5%) prescriptions were dispensed to patients with renal impairment in the respective study periods. Patients in each group were similar with respect to age, sex, and renal function stage. Overall, the five-month error rate was 0.38%. Error rates were similar between the two groups: 0.36% and 0.40% in the pharmacist-and prescriber-based CDSS, respectively (p=0.523). The medication with the highest error rate was dofetilide (0.51% overall) while the medications with the lowest error rate were dabigatran, fondaparinux, and spironolactone (0.00% overall).Prescriber-and pharmacist-based CDSS provided comparable, low rates of potential medication errors. Future studies should be undertaken to examine patient benefits of the prescriber-based CDSS.
Citation: Vogel EA, Billups SJ, Herner SJ, Delate T. Renal drug dosing: Effectiveness of outpatient pharmacist-based vs. prescriber-based clinical decision support systems.
The Impact of Job Nature on Job Involvement of the Teachers of Second grade of the Secondary School of 5th District of Tehran
Authors: Davani Peyman Pourmomen 
Published: July 2016

<p>The present study was conducted by the aim of investigating the impact of job nature on job involvement of teachers. The research method was of applied purpose and the data gathering method was descriptive survey. The population of the study included 650 teachers of second grade of the secondary school in 5<sup>th</sup> district of Tehran, among which 242 individuals were selected as the sample through Jessie and Morgan table and stage cluster sampling. For gathering the data, job involvement questionnaire of Kanungo (1982) and the questionnaire of job nature based on Hackman and Oldham model (1980) were used. After collecting the questionnaires, investigation of the data and testing the hypotheses were done via structural equation modelling and by the help of SPSS PLS 2 in the measurement model and structural sections. In the first section, technical characteristics of the questionnaire, including reliability, convergent validity and divergent validity, specified to PLS were examined. In the second section, significance coefficients of the software were used to investigate the research hypotheses. Results confirmed the research hypotheses, that is, the effectiveness of job nature on its components on job involvement of the teachers. </p>