bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaplasma platys and Rickettsia massiliae in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto ticks collected on dogs in the Patagonian region of Argentina
Authors: Maas Lara M. I. , Winter Marina , Herrmann Verónica , Abate Sergio D. , Obiegala Anna , Nava Santiago , Sebastian Patrick S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the presence of tick-borne rickettsial bacteria in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto ticks collected from dogs in the Patagonian region of Argentina. Fourteen stray dogs from Valcheta, Río Negro province, Argentina were examined for the presence of R. sanguineus s.s. ticks. Ninety ticks were collected and identified to species level. DNA was extracted and analysed by conventional PCR assays for the presence of tick-borne bacteria belonging to the genera Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia. Thirty-three tick pools were tested by different PCR assays of which 3 were positive for Anaplasmataceae bacteria. From the 3 Anaplasmataceae positive samples, 2 partial 16S rDNA sequences were generated and belonging to Anaplasma platys, the causative agent of canine cyclic thrombocytopenia. Two tick samples were positive in Rickettsia specific PCR assays and were identified by phylogenetic analysis as Rickettsia massiliae, a member of the spotted fever group rickettsiae. The results of this study demonstrate the molecular detection of 2 rickettsial bacteria in R. sanguineus s.s. in a region of Argentina where no data were available so far.
Polygenic liabilities and treatment trajectories in early-onset depression: a Danish register-based study
Authors: Mundy Jessica , Hall Alisha S. M. , Steinbach Jette , Albinaña Clara , Agerbo Esben , Als Thomas D. , Thapar Anita , McGrath John J. , Vilhjálmsson Bjarni J. , Nordentoft Merete , Werge Thomas , Børglum Anders , Mortensen Preben B. , Musliner Katherine L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical course of major depressive disorder (MDD) is heterogeneous, and early-onset MDD often has a more severe and complex clinical course. Our goal was to determine whether polygenic scores (PGSs) for psychiatric disorders are associated with treatment trajectories in early-onset MDD treated in secondary care.MethodsData were drawn from the iPSYCH2015 sample, which includes all individuals born in Denmark between 1981 and 2008 who were treated in secondary care for depression between 1995 and 2015. We selected unrelated individuals of European ancestry with an MDD diagnosis between ages 10–25 (N = 10577). Seven-year trajectories of hospital contacts for depression were modeled using Latent Class Growth Analysis. Associations between PGS for MDD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, ADHD, and anorexia and trajectories of MDD contacts were modeled using multinomial logistic regressions.ResultsWe identified four trajectory patterns: brief contact (65%), prolonged initial contact (20%), later re-entry (8%), and persistent contact (7%). Relative to the brief contact trajectory, higher PGS for ADHD was associated with a decreased odds of membership in the prolonged initial contact (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.11) and persistent contact (1.12, 1.03–1.21) trajectories, while PGS-AN was associated with increased odds of membership in the persistent contact trajectory (1.12, 1.03–1.21).ConclusionsWe found significant associations between polygenic liabilities for psychiatric disorders and treatment trajectories in patients with secondary-treated early-onset MDD. These findings help elucidate the relationship between a patient's genetics and their clinical course; however, the effect sizes are small and therefore unlikely to have predictive value in clinical settings.
The Law of Nations in the Diplomacy of the American Revolution
Authors: Lyons Benjamin C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Historians have long known that leaders of the American Revolution looked to the law of nations for insight into the rights and obligations of independent states. In so doing, Americans relied largely on the writings of European legal theorists, such as Hugo Grotius and Emerich de Vattel, whose treatises on the law of nations are regarded today as having laid the foundations of international law. As this article demonstrates, however, early modern statesmen did not base their conduct on such treatises, but on a customary law of nations that they derived from precedent and the text of earlier treaties. This article elucidates the distinction between the customary and theoretical branches of the law of nations. It then goes on to examine the law of nations’ impact on revolutionary-era diplomacy, drawing particular attention to a series of wartime negotiations over rights to the Mississippi River. As the article shows, most American emissaries lacked experience with the customary laws of diplomacy and struggled to use that law effectively in their negotiations. The most serious consequences were averted due in part to French legal advice, and because one American, John Jay, acquired enough competence in customary law to guide his colleagues toward an effective negotiation of peace.
Restitution of African Cultural Heritage: Revisiting Natural Law Concepts of Statehood and Property in the Context of Colonial Spoliation
Authors: Danda Clemens 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the late nineteenth century, Western Powers launched military campaigns in sub-Saharan Africa resulting in the colonization of vast territories and the spoliation of cultural property. To justify the conquest, they asserted the supremacy of Western culture and disregarded principles of international law in their dealings with African states, communities, and individuals. This article examines colonialist legal justifications such as the denial of statehood of pre-colonial sub-Saharan African societies, the notion that conquest and spoliation were justifiable, and the belief that African legal systems lacked concepts of property. The article details why these arguments contradict well-established nineteenth-century legal principles, particularly state sovereignty and private property, which together form the conceptual basis for the prohibition of spoliation. The universal nature of those principles allows for the nondiscriminatory application and interpretation of historical law and consequently the protection of African pre-colonial states and private as well as public cultural property.
Identification of Chinese dietary patterns and their relationships with health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Xue Feng , Zhang Rui , Chan Hing Man 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
China has been undergoing a rapid nutrition transition in the past few decades. This review aims to characterise commonly reported dietary patterns in Chinese populations and their associations with health outcomes.

Design:
We searched PubMed, Embase and CNKI from inception to June 2020 to identify observational studies reporting dietary patterns or the associations between dietary patterns and health outcomes. Information regarding dietary patterns, their association with health outcomes and other related items was collected.

Setting:
Chinese population and Chinese immigrants.

Participants:
Not applicable.

Results:
Results from 130 studies with over 900 000 participants were included. Six dietary patterns were identified: traditional whole-grain diet (Traditional WG), traditional non-whole-grain diet (Traditional NWG), plant-based diet (Plant-based), animal food diet (Animal-food), Western energy-dense diet (Western) and other unclassified diets (Unclassified). The Plant-based diet was associated with a reduced risk of CVD and cancer from prospective studies, reduced risk of diabetes, hypertension, cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms from all study designs. The Traditional WG diet was associated with a reduced risk of diabetes and hypertension. Animal-food diet is associated with a range of metabolic diseases, and Western diet was associated with increased risks of obesity and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:
Multiple dietary patterns identified reflect the diversity and transitioning of the Chinese diet. A healthy Chinese diet, comprising both the Traditional WG and Plant-based diets, was associated with reduced risks of specific undesirable health outcomes. Promoting this healthy diet will improve public health among the Chinese populations.
Juvenile exposure to low-level 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) alters behavior and longitudinal morphometrics in zebrafish and F1 offspring
Authors: Meyer Danielle N. , Silva Isabela , Vo Brianna , Paquette Amelia , Blount Jessica R. , George Serena E. , Gonzalez Gabrielle , Cavaneau Emma , Khalaf Aicha , Petriv Anna-Maria , Wu Chia-Chen , Haimbaugh Alex , Baker Tracie R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an environmental endocrine disruptor and model AhR agonist, is linked to skeletal abnormalities, cardiac edema, stunted growth rate, altered metabolism, and neurobehavioral deficits. We have previously reported transgenerational reproductive outcomes of developmental TCDD exposure in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio), an NIH-validated model for developmental and generational toxicology. Using the same paradigm of sublethal TCDD exposure (50 pg/ml) at both 3 and 7 weeks post fertilization (wpf), we investigated several novel endpoints, including longitudinal morphometrics and anxiety-linked behavior, in fish exposed as juveniles. We also assessed developmental abnormalities and neurobehavior in their F1 larval offspring. TCDD exposure induced timepoint-dependent decreases in several craniofacial and trunk morphometrics across juvenile development. In early adulthood, however, only exposed males underwent a transient period of compensatory growth, ending between 7 and 12 months post fertilization (mpf). At 12 mpf, exposed adult fish of both sexes displayed increased exploratory behaviors in a novel tank test. The F1 offspring of parents exposed at both 3 and 7 wpf were hyperactive, but neurobehavioral outcomes diverged depending on parental exposure window. F1 exposure-lineage larvae had increased rates of edema and skeletal abnormalities, but fewer unhatched larvae compared to controls. Parent- and timepoint-specific effects of exposure on abnormality rate were also evaluated; these outcomes were considerably less severe. Our novel behavioral findings expand current knowledge of the long-term and intergenerational consequences of early-life TCDD exposure in a zebrafish model, in addition to delineating minor longitudinal morphometric changes in exposed fish and abnormalities in larval offspring.
Exploring Global Data Sets to Detect Changes in Soil Microbial Carbon and Nitrogen Over Three Decades
Authors: Shi Wenjiao , Gao Decai , Zhang Zhen , Ding Jinzhi , Zhao Chunhong , Wang Huimin , Hagedorn Frank 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the temporal dynamics of soil microbial biomass is crucial for assessing soil ecosystem functions and services, yet these dynamics are globally uncertain. Here, we compiled a data set of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) from 1493 studies between 1988 and 2019 to elucidate their temporal trends and potential drivers. Results showed that global MBC and MBN significantly decreased by 0.033 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 and 0.007 Mg N ha−1 yr−1 at 0–30 cm soil depth, between 1988 and 2019, respectively, which might be primarily attributed to the warming of the climate, the increase in global precipitation, and reduction of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock. The rate of decline in MBC and MBN showed a non‐linear trend: following a decline from 1988 to 1999, it slowed down until 2014, likely due to the global warming hiatus. Afterward, the pace of decline increased again from 2015 to 2019. Boreal biomes experienced the largest decrease in soil microbial biomass with the reduction rate of MBC being 4.3 times higher than in temperate biomes, showing a higher sensitivity in boreal biomes to climate change. Grassland ecosystems also exhibited greater reductions, possibly driven by their degradation. These findings shed valuable insights on the long‐term dynamics of soil microbial biomass on a global scale over the last three decades. Furthermore, this study underscores the importance of preserving soil microbial biomass as a key strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of future climate change, thereby sustaining ecosystem health and resilience.
Glutamate concentration of medial prefrontal cortex is inversely associated with addictive behaviors: a translational study
Authors: Zhou Hui , Hong Tiantian , Chen Xi , Su Conghui , Teng Binyu , Xi Wan , Cadet Jean Lud , Yang Yihong , Geng Fengji , Hu Yuzheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn both preclinical and clinical settings, dysregulated frontostriatal circuits have been identified as the underlying neural substrates of compulsive seeking/taking behaviors manifested in substance use disorders and behavioral addictions including internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, the neurochemical substrates for these disorders remain elusive. The lack of comprehensive cognitive assessments in animal models has hampered our understanding of neural plasticity in addiction from these models. In this study, combining data from a rat model of compulsive taking/seeking and human participants with various levels of IGD severity, we investigated the relationship between regional glutamate (Glu) concentration and addictive behaviors. We found that Glu levels were significantly lower in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) of rats after 20-days of methamphetamine self-administration (SA), compared to controls. Glu concentration after a punishment phase negatively correlated with acute drug-seeking behavior. In addition, changes in Glu levels from a drug naïve state to compulsive drug taking patterns negatively correlated with drug-seeking during both acute and prolonged abstinence. The human data revealed a significant negative correlation between Glu concentration in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), the human PrL counterpart, and symptoms of IGD. Interestingly, there was a positive correlation between Glu levels in the dACC and self-control, as well as mindful awareness. Further analysis revealed that the dACC Glu concentration mediated the relationship between self-control/mindful awareness and IGD symptoms. These results provide convergent evidence for a protective role of dACC/PrL in addiction, suggesting interventions to enhance dACC glutamatergic functions as a potential strategy for addiction prevention and treatment.
Risk factors for endogenous endophthalmitis in infectious endocarditis patients
Authors: Shah Megh K. , Zhu Aretha , Uppuluri Aditya , Henry Roger K. , Zarbin Marco A. , Bhagat Neelakshi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives
The purpose of this study was to identify demographic variables and systemic comorbidities that may increase risk of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) development in patients with infective endocarditis (IE).

Subjects/Methods
A retrospective database study was conducted using the 2002–2014 National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Patients with IE and EE were identified using ICD-9-CM codes. Descriptive chi-square and logistic regression analysis identified risk factors for EE in IE patients.

Results
Of 769,472 inpatients with a diagnosis of IE, 2248 had a diagnosis of EE. Women comprised 39.7% of IE patients without EE and 42.6% of those with EE (p = 0.005). The majority of IE cases with EE were in those 21–64-year-old (58.5%) age cohort and 67.4% of cases were Whites. Multivariate analysis revealed IE patients in the 21–64 (OR, 3.660) and 65+ age group (OR, 2.852) had increased risk of developing EE compared to the 0–20-year-old group. Hispanic (OR, 1.377) and Asian/Pacific Islander (OR, 1.620) patients had increased risk compared to White patients. Diabetes with (OR, 2.043) and without (OR, 1.433) chronic complications, alcohol use disorder (AUD; OR, 1.795), and cirrhosis (OR, 1.452) conferred an increased risk of developing EE, whereas, congestive heart failure (CHF; OR, 0.716), arrhythmia (OR, 0.678), and having a cardiac device (OR, 0.336) decreased risk of EE in IE subjects.

Conclusion
Older age (21+ years) and Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander background were associated with increased risk of developing EE in IE patients. Diabetes with and without chronic complications, AUD, or cirrhosis also conferred a 1.5–2 times increased risk. CHF, arrhythmia, or having a cardiac device were associated with decreased risk.
N-cadherin crosstalk with integrin weakens the molecular clutch in response to surface viscosity
Authors: Barcelona-Estaje Eva , Oliva Mariana A. G. , Cunniffe Finlay , Rodrigo-Navarro Aleixandre , Genever Paul , Dalby Matthew J. , Roca-Cusachs Pere , Cantini Marco , Salmeron-Sanchez Manuel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) interact with their surroundings via integrins, which link to the actin cytoskeleton and translate physical cues into biochemical signals through mechanotransduction. N-cadherins enable cell-cell communication and are also linked to the cytoskeleton. This crosstalk between integrins and cadherins modulates MSC mechanotransduction and fate. Here we show the role of this crosstalk in the mechanosensing of viscosity using supported lipid bilayers as substrates of varying viscosity. We functionalize these lipid bilayers with adhesion peptides for integrins (RGD) and N-cadherins (HAVDI), to demonstrate that integrins and cadherins compete for the actin cytoskeleton, leading to an altered MSC mechanosensing response. This response is characterised by a weaker integrin adhesion to the environment when cadherin ligation occurs. We model this competition via a modified molecular clutch model, which drives the integrin/cadherin crosstalk in response to surface viscosity, ultimately controlling MSC lineage commitment.
Chromosome-level baobab genome illuminates its evolutionary trajectory and environmental adaptation
Authors: Kitony Justine K. , Colt Kelly , Abramson Bradley W. , Hartwick Nolan T. , Petrus Semar , Konozy Emadeldin H. E. , Karimi Nisa , Yant Levi , Michael Todd P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBaobab (Adansonia digitata) is a long-lived tree endemic to Africa with economic, ecological, and cultural importance, yet its genomic features are underexplored. Here, we report a chromosome-level reference genome anchored to 42 chromosomes for A. digitata, alongside draft assemblies for a sibling tree, two trees from distinct locations in Africa, and A. za from Madagascar. The baobab genome is uniquely rich in DNA transposons, which make up 33%, while LTR retrotransposons account for 10%. A. digitata experienced whole genome multiplication (WGM) around 30 million years ago (MYA), followed by a second WGM event 3–11 MYA, likely linked to autotetraploidy. Resequencing of 25 trees identify three subpopulations, with gene flow across West Africa distinct from East Africa. Gene enrichment and fixation index (Fst) analyses show baobab retained multiple circadian, flowering, and light-responsive genes, which likely support longevity through the UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) pathway. In sum, we provide genomic resources and insights for baobab breeding and conservation.
Integrated multimodal cell atlas of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gabitto Mariano I. , Travaglini Kyle J. , Rachleff Victoria M. , Kaplan Eitan S. , Long Brian , Ariza Jeanelle , Ding Yi , Mahoney Joseph T. , Dee Nick , Goldy Jeff , Melief Erica J. , Agrawal Anamika , Kana Omar , Zhen Xingjian , Barlow Samuel T. , Brouner Krissy , Campos Jazmin , Campos John , Carr Ambrose J. , Casper Tamara , Chakrabarty Rushil , Clark Michael , Cool Jonah , Dalley Rachel , Darvas Martin , Ding Song-Lin , Dolbeare Tim , Egdorf Tom , Esposito Luke , Ferrer Rebecca , Fleckenstein Lynn E. , Gala Rohan , Gary Amanda , Gelfand Emily , Gloe Jessica , Guilford Nathan , Guzman Junitta , Hirschstein Daniel , Ho Windy , Hupp Madison , Jarsky Tim , Johansen Nelson , Kalmbach Brian E. , Keene Lisa M. , Khawand Sarah , Kilgore Mitchell D. , Kirkland Amanda , Kunst Michael , Lee Brian R. , Leytze Mckaila , Mac Donald Christine L. , Malone Jocelin , Maltzer Zoe , Martin Naomi , McCue Rachel , McMillen Delissa , Mena Gonzalo , Meyerdierks Emma , Meyers Kelly P. , Mollenkopf Tyler , Montine Mark , Nolan Amber L. , Nyhus Julie K. , Olsen Paul A. , Pacleb Maiya , Pagan Chelsea M. , Peña Nicholas , Pham Trangthanh , Pom Christina Alice , Postupna Nadia , Rimorin Christine , Ruiz Augustin , Saldi Giuseppe A. , Schantz Aimee M. , Shapovalova Nadiya V. , Sorensen Staci A. , Staats Brian , Sullivan Matt , Sunkin Susan M. , Thompson Carol , Tieu Michael , Ting Jonathan T. , Torkelson Amy , Tran Tracy , Valera Cuevas Nasmil J. , Walling-Bell Sarah , Wang Ming-Qiang , Waters Jack , Wilson Angela M. , Xiao Ming , Haynor David , Gatto Nicole M. , Jayadev Suman , Mufti Shoaib , Ng Lydia , Mukherjee Shubhabrata , Crane Paul K. , Latimer Caitlin S. , Levi Boaz P. , Smith Kimberly A. , Close Jennie L. , Miller Jeremy A. , Hodge Rebecca D. , Larson Eric B. , Grabowski Thomas J. , Hawrylycz Michael , Keene C. Dirk , Lein Ed S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults. Although AD progression is characterized by stereotyped accumulation of proteinopathies, the affected cellular populations remain understudied. Here we use multiomics, spatial genomics and reference atlases from the BRAIN Initiative to study middle temporal gyrus cell types in 84 donors with varying AD pathologies. This cohort includes 33 male donors and 51 female donors, with an average age at time of death of 88 years. We used quantitative neuropathology to place donors along a disease pseudoprogression score. Pseudoprogression analysis revealed two disease phases: an early phase with a slow increase in pathology, presence of inflammatory microglia, reactive astrocytes, loss of somatostatin+ inhibitory neurons, and a remyelination response by oligodendrocyte precursor cells; and a later phase with exponential increase in pathology, loss of excitatory neurons and Pvalb+ and Vip+ inhibitory neuron subtypes. These findings were replicated in other major AD studies.