bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lagoons and saltwater wetlands getting more diversity: A molecular approach reveals cryptic lineages of a euryhaline submerged macrophyte (Ruppia)
Authors: Triest Ludwig , Beirinckx Lise , Sierens Tim 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Ruppia species are distantly related to seagrasses and occur in saltwater coastal and inland lagoons, mostly as monospecific beds. The diversity of euryhaline Ruppia populations from different continents recently became better understood from a suite of chloroplast sequences but limited nuclear markers. These revealed a high complexity from hybridization, introgression, polyploidy and haplotypic divergence.
Because of this complexity within the genus and multiple allelic states in polyploids, three multiplexed sets of 24 nuclear microsatellites were developed from four Ruppia provenances and cross‐amplified on 130 individuals from a wide range of taxa in various aquatic habitats on different continents.
Secondly, pure R. cirrhosa and R. maritima individuals could be unambiguously identified from their introgressed hybrids and from other known or yet unidentified taxa, using diagnostic markers that referred to autotetraploid individuals in R. cirrhosa and allotetraploidy in an ancient hybrid complex ‘haplogroup E’.
Thirdly, a phenetic barcoding approach of trnH‐psbA chloroplast haplotypes taking into account insertion–deletion variations, revealed lineages of recently described taxa from lagoons in different continents (i.e. R. sinensis, R. brevipedunculata, R. mexicana) in addition to separate lineages of hybrid origin. Congruence between pollination mode and diversification of lineages, allows one to hypothesize whether selfing underwater leads to clearly separated lineages whereas outcrossing at the water surface allows hybridization and extensive introgression with potential chloroplast capture.
This study raises a renewed interest in cryptic lineages, hybrid taxa and shallow phylogenies of Ruppia lineages, thereby critically questioning worldwide distributions of least concern species. Recognition and monitoring of unique Ruppia lineages will support further studies on connectivity, survival strategies and movement ecology to aid in determining the conservation status of a wide variety of lagoon and coastal wetland habitats.
Morphological divergence of the threatened Rocky Mountain sculpin (Cottus sp.) is driven by biogeography and flow regime: Implications for mitigating altered flow regime to freshwater fishes
Authors: Rudolfsen Tyana , Watkinson Douglas A. , Poesch Mark 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Stream hydrology is considered the primary factor in structuring freshwater fish communities, influencing stream habitats, food resources, and life‐history characteristics. Changes in stream hydrology, from climate change and anthropogenic sources (e.g. dams, irrigation channels), are thought to have adverse impacts on many freshwater species.
The Rocky Mountain sculpin (Cottus sp.) is a threatened species in Canada. Phenotypes of Rocky Mountain sculpin were compared across a gradient of four streams differing in stream hydrology. It was hypothesized that Rocky Mountain sculpin would show body forms minimizing drag in higher flow environments.
Using geometric morphometrics and meristic counts, body shape, fin rays, and sensory pores were compared. As hypothesized, high‐flow river systems were correlated with sculpin with more dorso‐ventrally compressed, slender body shapes that minimized resistance to flow (P<0.001). Rocky Mountain sculpin had more pectoral fin rays in populations with higher flows than lower flows, potentially allowing them to increase friction when gripping onto the substrate (P<0.001), and more anteriorly and dorsally located head pores to improve detection of floating prey (P<0.001).
Biogeographic isolation and difference in flow regime were the likely basis for the observed morphological variation. The degree to which these phenotypes become fixed is unknown; however, since phenotypic diversity parallels genetic diversity in Rocky Mountain sculpin, there is the possibility that persistent selection of these phenotypes can make it difficult to adapt to rapidly changing habitat conditions, such as changing flow.
This study emphasizes the importance of considering phenotypic and morphological variation when evaluating how best to mitigate anthropogenic stressors and their impact on freshwater fishes.
Morphological and Histological Study on the Foot Pads of the Anatolian Bobcat (Lynx lynx)
Authors: Ari Hasan Hüseyin , Kuru Nilgun , Uslu Sema , Ozdemir Ozge 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to reveal the morphometric and morphological features of foot pads in the Anatolian bobcat (Lynx lynx). To achieve this objective, dissection, histological, and radiography techniques were applied to two dead materials obtained from the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forest and Water Works Sivas Branch Manager. Digit I is radiographically rudimentary in the forepaw. The paws of the forelimb of the Anatolian bobcat have a carpal, a metacarpal, and four digital pads, while the hind feet have a metatarsal pad and four digital pads. The metacarpal pad is cone‐like, while the metatarsal pad resembles a butterfly. The digital pads in the paws of the forelimb are longer and thinner than in the paws in the hind feet. The paws in both feet are situated as binary. Through histological examination, it was determined that the skin of the foot pads consists of epidermis, dermis, and pad cushion. The epidermis is subdivided into basal, spinous, granular, lucidum, and corneum layers. The dermis of each pad consists of papillar and reticular strata containing sweat glands, elastin, collagen, and reticular fibers. Anat Rec, 301:932–938, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bovine leukemia virus linked to breast cancer but not coinfection with human papillomavirus: Case‐control study of women in Texas
Authors: Baltzell Kimberly A. , Shen Hua Min , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Sison Jennette D. , Nuovo Gerard J. , Buehring Gertrude C. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDBovine leukemia virus (BLV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) were previously identified in human breast tissue and have been associated with breast cancer in independent studies. The objective of the current study was to test for the presence of BLV and HPV in the same breast tissue specimens to determine whether the viruses were associated with breast cancer either singly or together.METHODSArchival formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded breast tissue sections from 216 women were received from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center along with patient diagnosis. In situ polymerase chain reaction and/or DNA hybridization methods were used to detect targeted DNA segments of BLV and HPV. Standard statistical methods were used to calculate age‐adjusted odds ratios, attributable risk, and P values for the trend related to the association between presence of a virus and a diagnosis of breast disease.RESULTSWomen diagnosed with breast cancer were significantly more likely to have BLV DNA in their breast tissue compared with women with benign diagnoses and no history of breast cancer. Women with breast pathology classified as premalignant and no history of breast cancer also were found to have an elevated risk of harboring BLV DNA in their breast tissue. HPV status was not associated with malignancy, premalignant breast disease, or the presence of BLV in the breast tissues.CONCLUSIONSThe data from the current study supported previous findings of a significant association between BLV DNA in breast tissue and a diagnosis of breast cancer, but did not demonstrate oncogenic strains of HPV associated with breast cancer or the presence of BLV DNA in breast tissue. The authors believe the findings of the current study contribute to overall knowledge regarding a possible causal role for viruses in human breast cancer. Cancer 2018;124:1342‐9. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Evaluating the efficiency of Linda implementations
Authors: Buravlev Vitaly , De Nicola Rocco , Mezzina Claudio Antares 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAmong the paradigms for parallel and distributed computing, the one popularized with Linda, and based on tuple spaces, is one of the least used, despite the fact of being intuitive, easy to understand, and easy to use. A tuple space is a repository, where processes can add, withdraw, or read tuples by means of atomic operations. Tuples may contain different values, and processes can inspect their content via pattern matching. The lack of a reference implementation for this paradigm has prevented its wide spreading. In this paper, first we perform an extensive analysis of a number of actual implementations of the tuple space paradigm and summarize their main features. Then, we select four such implementations and compare their performances on four different case studies that aim at stressing different aspects of computing, such as communication, data manipulation, and CPU usage. After reasoning on strengths and weaknesses of the four implementations, we conclude with some recommendations for future work towards building an effective implementation of the tuple space paradigm.
Very low computational complexity (VLCC) architecture for optical interconnect in data center networks
Authors: Fayyaz Mohsin , Aziz Khurram , Mujtaba Ghulam , Fayyaz Ahmad , Khan Samee U. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryReal time cloud computing applications require a low latency network. The latency of optical interconnect in Data Center Networks (DCNs) is dependent on the complexity of the routing algorithm. The routing algorithm makes decisions about the forwarding of a packet on each successive node. If a routing algorithm is more complex, it requires more hardware resources to implement, which incurs extra cost and latency to the optical interconnect. This paper analyzes the complexity of existing architectures for the first time by showing Big O notation of complexity for each architecture. Different factors affecting the computational complexity of any routing algorithm are identified. This paper proposes a new architecture named VLCC. It has very low fixed routing complexity irrespective of network size. It has no packet loss at the network layer under many to many and all to one communication pattern. The only packet loss is at the physical layer due to signal degradation caused by optical components. The level of signal degradation is analyzed in terms of received signal power, bit error rate (BER), receiver sensitivity, path loss, and blocking probability. VLCC architecture is highly suitable for real time applications that require deterministic quality of service (QoS), where network performance is not affected by the traffic pattern.
Cross‐layer coordination in the I/O software stack of extreme‐scale systems
Authors: Yu Jie , Liu Guangming , Li Xiaoyong , Dong Wenrui , Li Qiong 
Published: December 2017

SummaryI/O forwarding layer has now become a standard storage layer in today's HPC systems in order to scale current storage systems to new levels of concurrency. With the deepening of storage hierarchy, I/O requests must traverse through several types of nodes to access required data, including compute nodes, I/O nodes, and storage nodes. It becomes difficult to control the data path and apply cross‐layer I/O optimization. In this paper, we propose a well coordinated I/O stack, which coordinates the data path between compute nodes and I/O nodes for better load balancing and data locality with a job‐level I/O node mapping, and coordinates data path between I/O nodes and storage nodes for lighter I/O interference. We implement and evaluate our ideas on Tianhe‐1A by leveraging an open‐source I/O forwarding layer named IOFSL. The experimental results show that our proposals can significantly accelerate I/O performance of multiple I/O kernels and real applications.
Improving performance of transactional memory through machine learning
Authors: Xiao Yang , Jeyakumaran Thireshan , Atoofian Ehsan , Jannesari Ali 
Published: December 2017

SummaryTransactional memory (TM) is a programming paradigm that facilitates parallel programming for multi‐core processors. In the last few years, some chip manufacturers provided hardware support for TM to reduce runtime overhead of Software Transactional Memory (STM). In this work, we offer two optimization techniques for TMs. The first technique focuses on Restricted Transactional Memory (RTM) in Intel's Haswell processor and shows that while in some applications, RTM improves performance over STM, in some others, it falls behind STM. We exploit this variability and propose an adaptive technique that switches between RTM and STM, statically. The second technique focuses on the overhead of TM and enhances the speed of the adaptive system. In particular, we focus on the size of transactions and improve performance by changing the transaction size. Optimizing the transaction size manually is a time‐consuming process and requires significant software engineering effort. We use a combination of Linear Regression (LR) and decision tree to decide on the transaction size, automatically. We evaluate our optimization techniques using a set of benchmarks from NAS, DiscoPoP, and STAMP benchmark suites. Our experimental results reveal that our optimization techniques are able to improve the performance of TM programs by 9% and energy‐delay by 15%, on average.
A combined network control approach for the edge cloud and LPWAN‐based IoT services
Authors: Kim Dae‐Young , Kim Seokhoon , Park Jong Hyuk 
Published: December 2017

SummaryRecently, low‐power wide area network (LPWAN) has attracted attention as a wireless network for long‐range Internet of Things (IoT) services. IoT devices in an LPWAN are managed by a network server in the cloud. Various data are delivered from the IoT devices to the network server, and the role of the centralized network server in the cloud has become important for efficient data transfer over an LPWAN. However, control by the network server concentrates the control load on the network server and is vulnerable in terms of response time and bandwidth utilization. Therefore, this paper takes the approach of moving the control of the LPWAN to the edge cloud, which provides computing and storage environments at base stations. An LPWAN gateway is then integrated with the edge cloud, and LPWAN data are cached at the edge cloud in the gateway for LPWAN control. LPWAN control such as report interval control for data, transmission power control, and data aggregation is applied to improve the efficiency of data transmission. Network control is performed by learning using cached data in the edge cloud. Compared with the existing LPWAN control approach, the proposed approach exhibits improved performance for IoT data transmission. The simulation results show the proposed approach's efficiency.
What factors potentially influence the ability of phylogenetic distance to predict trait dispersion in a temperate forest?
Authors: Jiang Feng , Xun Yanhan , Cai Huiying , Jin Guangze 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough phylogenetic‐based approaches have been frequently used to infer ecological processes, they have been increasingly criticized in recent years. To date, the factors that affect phylogenetic signals and further the ability of phylogenetic distance to predict trait dispersion have been assumed but not empirically tested. Therefore, we investigate which factors potentially influence the ability of phylogenetic distance to predict trait dispersion. We quantified the phylogenetic and trait dispersions across size classes and spatial scales in a 9‐ha old‐growth temperate forest dynamics plot in northeastern China. Phylogenetic signals at the community level were generally lower than those at the species pool level, and phylogenetically clustered communities showed lower phylogenetic signals than did overdispersed communities. This pattern might explain the other three findings of our study. First, phylogenetically overdispersed communities performed better at predicting trait dispersion than did clustered communities. Second, the mean pairwise distance (MPD)‐based metric exhibited a stronger correlation with trait dispersion than did the mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD)‐based metric. Finally, the MNTD‐based metric showed that the prediction accuracy for trait dispersion decreased with increasing spatial scales, whereas its effects were weak on the MPD‐based metric. In addition, phylogeny could not determine the dispersions of all functional axes but was able to predict certain traits depending on whether they were evolutionarily conserved. These results were conserved when we removed the effects of space and environment. Our findings highlighted that using phylogenetic distance as a proxy of trait similarity might work in a temperate forest depending on the species in local communities sampled from total pool as well as the traits measured. Utilizing these rules, we should rethink the conclusions of previous studies that were based on phylogenetic‐based approaches.
Does conditioned pain modulation predict the magnitude of placebo effects in patients with neuropathic pain?
Authors: Skyt I. , Moslemi K. , Baastrup C. , Grosen K. , Svensson P. , Jensen T.S. , Vase L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundConditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a validated measure of the function of endogenous pain inhibitory pathways. Placebo effects reflect top‐down inhibitory modulation of pain. CPM and placebo effects are both influenced by expectations, albeit to varying degrees, and are related to neurotransmitter systems such as the endogenous opioid system, and it can be speculated that CPM responses are positively associated with the magnitude of placebo effects. Yet, no studies have tested this.MethodsThe study included 19 patients with neuropathic pain. CPM was quantified as the difference in pressure pain threshold (PPT) as measured at the middle deltoid muscle before and after 5‐min exposure to the cold pressor test (CPT) (conditioning pain stimulus). Placebo effects were tested via open and hidden applications of the pain‐relieving agent lidocaine (2 mL) using a disinfection napkin controlled for no treatment.ResultsThe mean (SD) PPT was 668.7 (295.7) kPa before and 742.3 (370.8) kPa after the CPT. The mean (SD) CPM response was −73.6 (214.0) kPa corresponding to an 11% increase in PPT, reflecting a normally functioning endogenous pain modulatory system. Large and significant placebo effects were observed in ongoing neuropathic pain intensity (p = 0.002). The CPM response did not predict the magnitude of the placebo effect (p = 0.765). Moreover, there were no interaction effects for the moderator variables: clinical pain level (p = 0.136), age (p = 0.347) and gender (p = 0.691).ConclusionsConditioned pain modulation and placebo effects do not seem to be associated in patients with neuropathic pain.SignificanceConditioned pain modulation and placebo effects are endogenous pain‐modulating phenomena that are influenced by some of the same mechanisms. This study suggests that CPM and placebo effects in neuropathic pain are independent phenomena that may be mediated by different mechanisms.
Heparin‐gold Nanoparticles and Liquid Crystal Applied in Label‐free Electrochemical Immunosensor for Prostate‐specific Antigen
Authors: Talamini Lucas , Zanato Nicole , Zapp Eduardo , Brondani Daniela , Westphal Eduard , Gallardo Hugo , Vieira Iolanda Cruz 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA label‐free electrochemical immunosensor based on the liquid crystal (E)‐1‐decyl‐4‐[(4‐decyloxyphenyl)diazenyl]pyridinium bromide (Br−Py), together with heparin‐stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNP‐Hep) and Nafion is proposed for the determination of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). The Br−Py liquid crystal presented redox properties and good film‐forming abilities on the electrode surface, and thus it is a suitable alternative as a redox probe for a label‐free electrochemical immunosensor, which could simplify the analysis methodology. The stepwise construction of the immunosensor and the incubation process (immunocomplex formation) were characterized by voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The proposed immunosensor could directly detect PSA concentrations in the incubation samples, based on the suppression of the Br−Py redox peak (‘base peak’) current. After optimization, the immunosensor exhibited a linear response to PSA concentrations in the range of 0.1 to 50 ng mL−1, with a calculated detection limit of 0.08 ng mL−1. The reproducibility (coefficient of variance less than 3.0 %), selectivity and accuracy of the methodology were adequate. The immunosensor was satisfactorily applied in the quantification of PSA in human blood plasma samples.
The Impact of Alexithymia on Emotion Dysregulation in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa over Time
Authors: Brown Tiffany A. , Avery Jade C. , Jones Michelle D. , Anderson Leslie K. , Wierenga Christina E. , Kaye Walter H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractResearch supports that anorexia nervosa‐restricting subtype (AN‐R) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are associated with emotion regulation difficulties and alexithymia. However, the impact of diagnosis on the relationship between these constructs is less well understood. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether eating disorder diagnosis moderated the association between admission alexithymia and emotion regulation through discharge. Adult patients with AN‐R (n = 54) and BN (n = 60) completed assessments at treatment admission and discharge from a partial hospital program. Eating disorder diagnosis moderated the association between admission alexithymia levels and change in global emotion dysregulation, impulse control difficulties and access to emotion regulation strategies. At higher levels of admission alexithymia, there were no differences between AN‐R and BN on emotion dysregulation, whereas at lower levels of alexithymia, AN‐R patients demonstrated lower levels of emotion dysregulation. Results imply that difficulties with alexithymia appear to have a greater impact on emotion dysregulation for AN‐R patients. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Resolving the false-negative issues of the nonpolar organic amendment in whole-sediment toxicity identification evaluations
Authors: Mehler W. Tyler , Keough Michael J. , Pettigrove Vincent 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Three common false-negative scenarios have been encountered with amendment addition in whole-sediment toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs): dilution of toxicity by amendment addition (i.e., not toxic enough), not enough amendment present to reduce toxicity (i.e., too toxic), and the amendment itself elicits a toxic response (i.e., secondary amendment effect). One such amendment in which all 3 types of false-negatives have been observed is with the nonpolar organic amendment (activated carbon or powdered coconut charcoal). The objective of the present study was to reduce the likelihood of encountering false-negatives with this amendment and to increase the value of the whole-sediment TIE bioassay. To do this, the present study evaluated the effects of various activated carbon additions to survival, growth, emergence, and mean development rate of Chironomus tepperi. Using this information, an alternative method for this amendment was developed which utilized a combination of multiple amendment addition ratios based on wet weight (1%, lower likelihood of the secondary amendment effect; 5%, higher reduction of contaminant) and nonconventional endpoints (emergence, mean development rate). This alternative method was then validated in the laboratory (using spiked sediments) and with contaminated field sediments. Using these multiple activated carbon ratios in combination with additional endpoints (namely, emergence) reduced the likelihood of all 3 types of false-negatives and provided a more sensitive evaluation of risk. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1219–1230. © 2017 SETAC