bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ketone body metabolite β‐hydroxybutyrate induces an antidepression‐associated ramification of microglia via HDACs inhibition‐triggered Akt‐small RhoGTPase activation
Authors: Huang Chao , Wang Peng , Xu Xing , Zhang Yaru , Gong Yu , Hu Wenfeng , Gao Minhui , Wu Yue , Ling Yong , Zhao Xi , Qin Yibin , Yang Rongrong , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2017

AbstactDirect induction of macrophage ramification has been shown to promote an alternative (M2) polarization, suggesting that the ramified morphology may determine the function of immune cells. The ketone body metabolite β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) elevated in conditions including fasting and low‐carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) can reduce neuroinflammation. However, how exactly BHB impacts microglia remains unclear. We report that BHB as well as its producing stimuli fasting and KD induced obvious ramifications of murine microglia in basal and inflammatory conditions in a reversible manner, and these ramifications were accompanied with microglial profile toward M2 polarization and phagocytosis. The protein kinase B (Akt)‐small RhoGTPase axis was found to mediate the effect of BHB on microglial shape change, as (i) BHB activated the microglial small RhoGTPase (Rac1, Cdc42) and Akt; (ii) Akt and Rac1‐Cdc42 inhibition abolished the pro‐ramification effect of BHB; (iii) Akt inhibition prevented the activation of Rac1‐Cdc42 induced by BHB treatment. Incubation of microglia with other classical histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors, but not G protein‐coupled receptor 109a (GPR109a) activators, also induced microglial ramification and Akt activation, suggesting that the BHB‐induced ramification of microglia may be triggered by HDACs inhibition. Functionally, Akt inhibition was found to abrogate the effects of BHB on microglial polarization and phagocytosis. In neuroinflammatory models induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), BHB prevented the microglial process retraction and depressive‐like behaviors, and these effects were abolished by Akt inhibition. Our findings for the first time showed that BHB exerts anti‐inflammatory actions via promotion of microglial ramification.
Functional rhythmogenic domains defined by astrocytic networks in the trigeminal main sensory nucleus
Authors: Condamine Steven , Lavoie Raphaël , Verdier Dorly , Kolta Arlette 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStimuli that induce rhythmic firing in trigeminal neurons also increase astrocytic coupling and reveal networks that define the boundaries of this particular population. Rhythmic firing depends on astrocytic coupling which in turn depends on S100β. In many nervous functions that rely on the ability of neuronal networks to generate a rhythmic pattern of activity, coordination of firing is an essential feature. Astrocytes play an important role in some of these networks, but the contribution of astrocytic coupling remains poorly defined. Here we investigate the modulation and organization of astrocytic networks in the dorsal part of the trigeminal main sensory nucleus (NVsnpr), which forms part of the network generating chewing movements. Using whole‐cell recordings and the dye coupling approach by filling a single astrocyte with biocytin to reveal astrocytic networks, we showed that coupling is limited under resting conditions, but increases importantly under conditions that induce rhythmic firing in NVsnpr neurons. These are: repetitive electrical stimulation of the sensory inputs to the nucleus, local application of NMDA and decrease of extracellular Ca2+. We have previously shown that rhythmic firing induced in NVsnpr neurons by these stimuli depends on astrocytes and their Ca2+‐binding protein S100β. Here we show that extracellular blockade of S100β also prevents the increase in astrocytic coupling induced by local application of NMDA. Most of the networks were small and remained confined to the functionally distinct area of dorsal NVsnpr. Disrupting coupling by perfusion with the nonspecific gap junction blocker, carbenoxolone or with GAP26, a selective inhibitor of connexin 43, mostly expressed in astrocytes, abolished NMDA‐induced rhythmic firing in NVsnpr neurons. These results suggest that astrocytic coupling is regulated by sensory inputs, necessary for neuronal bursting, and organized in a region specific manner.
Multichannel wearable fNIRS‐EEGsystem for long‐term clinical monitoring
Authors: Kassab Ali , Le Lan Jérôme , Tremblay Julie , Vannasing Phetsamone , Dehbozorgi Mahya , Pouliot Philippe , Gallagher Anne , Lesage Frédéric , Sawan Mohamad , Nguyen Dang Khoa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractContinuous brain imaging techniques can be beneficial for the monitoring of neurological pathologies (such as epilepsy or stroke) and neuroimaging protocols involving movement. Among existing ones, functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) have the advantage of being noninvasive, nonobstructive, inexpensive, yield portable solutions, and offer complementary monitoring of electrical and local hemodynamic activities. This article presents a novel system with 128 fNIRS channels and 32 EEG channels with the potential to cover a larger fraction of the adult superficial cortex than earlier works, is integrated with 32 EEG channels, is light and battery‐powered to improve portability, and can transmit data wirelessly to an interface for real‐time display of electrical and hemodynamic activities. A novel fNIRS‐EEG stretchable cap, two analog channels for auxiliary data (e.g., electrocardiogram), eight digital triggers for event‐related protocols and an internal accelerometer for movement artifacts removal contribute to improve data acquisition quality. The system can run continuously for 24 h. Following instrumentation validation and reliability on a solid phantom, performance was evaluated on (1) 12 healthy participants during either a visual (checkerboard) task at rest or while pedalling on a stationary bicycle or a cognitive (language) task and (2) 4 patients admitted either to the epilepsy (n = 3) or stroke (n = 1) units. Data analysis confirmed expected hemodynamic variations during validation recordings and useful clinical information during in‐hospital testing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a wearable wireless multichannel fNIRS‐EEG monitoring system in patients with neurological conditions.Hum Brain Mapp 39:7–23, 2018. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regional economic impact assessment: Evaluating remedial alternatives for the Portland Harbor Superfund Site, Portland, Oregon, USA
Authors: Harrison David , Coughlin Conor , Hogan Dylan , Edwards Deborah A , Smith Benjamin C 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

The present paper describes a methodology for evaluating impacts of Superfund remedial alternatives on the regional economy in the context of a broader sustainability evaluation. Although economic impact methodology is well established, some applications to Superfund remedial evaluation have created confusion because of seemingly contradictory results. This confusion arises from failure to be explicit about 2 opposing impacts of remediation expenditures: 1) positive regional impacts of spending additional money in the region and 2) negative regional impacts of the need to pay for the expenditures (and thus forgo other expenditures in the region). The present paper provides a template for economic impact assessment that takes both positive and negative impacts into account, thus providing comprehensive estimates of net impacts. The paper also provides a strategy for identifying and estimating major uncertainties in the net impacts. The recommended methodology was applied at the Portland Harbor Superfund Site, located along the Lower Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, USA. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) developed remedial alternatives that it estimated would cost up to several billion dollars, with construction durations possibly lasting decades. The economic study estimated regional economic impacts—measured in terms of gross regional product (GRP), personal income, population, and employment—for 5 of the USEPA alternatives relative to the “no further action” alternative. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:32–42. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

Key Points
This study illustrates a methodology for evaluating the regional economic impacts of Superfund remediation activities, a methodology that can be used along with environmental and social analyses to develop a broad assessment of Superfund remedial alternatives. The economic impact assessment should include the 2 opposing impacts of remediation expenditures: 1) the positive impacts of spending additional money in the region and 2) the negative effects of the need to pay for the expenditures. Detailed estimates of the expenditures—including the time they are incurred, the sectors they involve, and their location—are important to provide accurate assessments of regional economic impacts. The recommended methodology includes a dynamic regional economic impact model, inputs that account for both positive and negative effects, and qualitative assessments of impacts excluded from empirical estimates (such as potential disruption to river businesses).
Identification of novel inhibitors against UDP‐galactopyranose mutase to combat leishmaniasis
Authors: Kashif Mohammad , Tabrez Shams , Husein Atahar , Arish Mohd , Kalaiarasan Ponnusamy , Manna Partha P. , Subbarao Naidu , Akhter Yusuf , Rub Abdur 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLeishmania, a protozoan parasite that causes leishmaniasis, affects 1‐2 million people every year worldwide. Leishmaniasis is a vector born disease and characterized by a diverse group of clinical syndromes. Current treatment is limited because of drug resistance, high cost, poor safety, and low efficacy. The urgent need for potent agents againstLeishmaniahas led to significant advances in the development of novel antileishmanial drugs. β‐galactofuranose (β‐Galf) is an important component ofLeishmanialcell surface matrix and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of parasite. UDP‐galactopyranose mutase (UGM) converts UDP‐galactopyranose (UDP‐Galp) to UDP‐galactofuranose (UDP‐Galf) which acts as the precursor for β‐Galf synthesis. Due to its absence in human, this enzyme is selected as the potential target in search of new antileishmanial drugs. Three dimensional protein structure model ofLeishmania majorUGM (LmUGM) has been homology modeled usingTrypanosoma cruziUGM (TcUGM) as a template. The stereochemistry was validated further. We selected already reported active compounds from PubChem database to target theLmUGM. Three compounds (6064500, 44570814, and 6158954) among the top hit occupied the UDP binding site of UGM suggested to work as a possible inhibitor for it. In vitro antileishmanial activity assay was performed with the top ranked inhibitor, 6064500. The 6064500 molecule has inhibited the growth ofLeishmania donovanipromastigotes significantly. Further, at similar concentrations it has exhibited significantly lesser toxicity than standard drug miltefosine hydrate in mammalian cells.
Retracted: Knockdown of long non‐coding RNA ANRIL inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion but promotes apoptosis of human glioma cells by upregulation of miR‐34a
Authors: Dong Xuechao , Jin Zheng , Chen Yong , Xu Haiyang , Ma Chengyuan , Hong Xinyu , Li Yunqian , Zhao Gang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGliomas are the most common types of primary central nervous system malignancy found in adults. Long non‐coding RNA antisense non‐coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) variants are associated with glioma and miR‐34a is markedly downregulated in U251 glioma cells. The 3′‐untranslated region (3′UTR) of silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) contains a conserved site that is targeted directly by miR‐34a. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the roles of ANRIL, miR‐34a, and Sirt1 in glioma and their potential interactions. Firstly, expression of ANRIL in normal glia cells and five glioma cell lines was measured. Then, effects of ANRIL suppression on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of U251 cells as well as expression of miR‐34a were assessed. Meanwhile, effects of miR‐34a on U251 cells silencing ANRIL were tested. Whether Sirt1 is a target of miR‐34a was verified, followed by estimating the role of Sirt1 overexpression in U251 cells overexpressing miR‐34a. Finally, the involved signaling pathways were assessed. ANRIL was upregulated in glioma cells and its suppression inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion but promoted cell apoptosis. ANRIL acted as a sponge of miR‐34a, and Sirt1 is a target of miR‐34a. Then, Sirt1 was proved to function through activation of the PI3K/AKT and mTOR signaling pathways. In conclusion, ANRIL was upregulated in glioma, and its inhibition could repress cell proliferation, migration and invasion but inhibit cell apoptosis through miR‐34a‐mediated downregulation of Sirt1, involving the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT and mTOR pathways.
Long noncoding RNA HOTTIP promotes endothelial cell proliferation and migration via activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Liao Bihong , Chen Ruimian , Lin Feng , Mai Aihuan , Chen Jie , Li Huimin , Xu Zhenglei , Dong Shaohong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAtherosclerosis is the major cause of stroke and heart disease. However, the course and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis remains unknown. The proliferation and migration of endothelial cell play important roles in the inition and pathological progression of atherosclerosis. In this study, we demonstrated that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOXA transcript at the distal tip (HOTTIP) expression level was higher in coronary artery disease (CAD) tissues than in normal arterial tissues. The expression level of HOTTIP was upregulated in the proliferating endothelial cells induced by TNF‐α or PDGF‐BB. Ectopic expression of HOTTIP promoted endothelial cell proliferation and also increased the expression of proliferating makers cyclin D1 and PCNA. Moreover, elevated expression of HOTTIP promoted endothelial cell migration. Downregulation expression of HOTTIP suppressed endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, we determined that overexpression of HOTTIP induced β‐catenin expression and enhanced the downstream protein c‐Myc expression in the endothelial cell. Ectopic expression of HOTTIP increased endothelial cell proliferation and migration via activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. These results suggested that HOTTIP might manipulate the endothelial cell proliferation and migration via activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
c‐Abl tyrosine kinase regulates neutrophil crawling behavior under fluid shear stress via Rac/PAK/LIMK/cofilin signaling axis
Authors: Tong Haibin , Qi Dake , Guan Xingang , Jiang Guiquan , Liao Zhiyong , Zhang Xu , Chen Peichao , Li Nan , Wu Mingjiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe excessive recruitment and improper activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) often induces serious injury of host tissues, leading to inflammatory disorders. Therefore, to understand the molecular mechanism on neutrophil recruitment possesses essential pathological and physiological importance. In this study, we found that physiological shear stress induces c‐Abl kinase activation in neutrophils, and c‐Abl kinase inhibitor impaired neutrophil crawling behavior on ICAM‐1. We further identified Vav1 was a downstream effector phosphorylated at Y174 and Y267. Once activated, c‐Abl kinase regulated the activity of Vav1, which further affected Rac1/PAK1/LIMK1/cofilin signaling pathway. Here, we demonstrate a novel signaling function and critical role of c‐Abl kinase during neutrophil crawling under physiological shear by regulating Vav1. These findings provide a promising treatment strategy for inflammation‐related disease by inactivation of c‐Abl kinase to restrict neutrophil recruitment.
Retracted: MicroRNA‐21 antisense oligonucleotide improves the sensitivity of A375 human melanoma cell to Cisplatin: An in vitro study
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Lin , Si Lou‐Bin , Zeng Ang , Long Fei , Qi Zheng , Zhao Ru , Bai Ming 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study explored Cisplatin resistance effect of microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) antisense oligonucleotide (AS‐ODN) in human melanoma A375 cell. AS‐ODN was transfected in melanoma A375 cells and Cisplatin‐resistant cell line A375/CDDP, and divided into the AS‐ODN, nonsense oligonucleotide (NS‐ODN) and normal groups. Cell ultrastructure changes were observed through transmission electron microscope. MiR‐21 AS‐ODN could be tested cell growth effect in different time periods by trypan blue exclusion. MiR‐21 mRNA expression change was detected by quantitative fluorescence PCR. Cell apoptosis, cycle distribution and miR‐21 AS‐ODN effect on proliferation and Cisplatin sensitivity were tested by flow cytometry, MTT assay, TUNEL, and Clonogenic assay. Cell apoptosis was observed after transfection 24 h with the AS‐ODN group, while the NS‐ODN and normal group cells had no apoptotic symptoms; Compared with the normal group, the AS‐ODN group began to show obvious cell growth inhibition effect after transfection 24 h lasting 72 h (all P < 0.05), but the NS‐ODN group had no significant difference (P > 0.05). miR‐21 mRNA expression in the AS‐ODN group was obviously decreased with rising apoptosis rate (all P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference in the NS‐ODN group (P > 0.05). MiR‐21 AS‐ODN could remarkably increase A375 cell and A375/CDDP cell sensitivity to Cisplatin (P < 0.05), while A375 cell sensitivity to Cisplatin between the NS‐ODN group and the normal group had no difference. MiR‐21 AS‐ODN decreased IC50 and increased Cisplatin sensitivity for A375 cells and A375/CDDP cells, which would be a new target of melanoma treatment.
Mixing characteristics, cell trajectories, pressure loss and shear stress of tubular photobioreactor with inserted self‐rotating helical rotors
Authors: Yan Hua , Guan Changfeng , Jia Yuchuan , Huang Xinxue , Yang Weimin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDTubular photobioreactors (TPBRs) have great potential in culturing microalgae, but their poor mixing properties make it difficult to increase the surface productivity. In this work, a TPBR with inserted self‐rotating helical rotors, which have been under study for a decade, was designed.RESULTSThis paper aimed to show hydrodynamic behaviors of gas–liquid in a TPBR with inserted self‐rotating helical rotors by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and visualization experiments. It can be concluded that by assembling self‐rotating helical rotors into the TPBR, very remarkable mixing and particle cycle frequencies were achieved. Besides, the influences of rotor lead and liquid inlet velocity on the swirl number, the gas and liquid average circumferential velocities, pressure loss, cell trajectories and shear stress were also investigated. The best choice was to select a rotor lead of 150 mm and a liquid inlet velocity of 0.4–0.5 m s‐1 for microalgae with strong shear force tolerance. Microalgae cultivation experiments verified that helical rotors had a positive effect on biomass productivity.CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that assembling the self‐rotating helical rotors into TPBR was a feasible and effective method to improve the mixing performance and microalgae productivity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The non‐visual opsins: eighteen in the ancestor of vertebrates, astonishing increase in ray‐finned fish, and loss in amniotes
Authors: Beaudry Felix Emile Gastonguay , Iwanicki Tom W. , Mariluz Bertha Ruth Zelada , Darnet Sylvain , Brinkmann Henner , Schneider Patricia , Taylor John Stewart 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNon‐visual opsins were discovered in the early 1990s. These genes play roles in circadian rhythm in mammals, seasonal reproduction in birds, light avoidance in amphibian larvae, and neural development in fish. However, the interpretation of such studies and the success of future work are compromised by the fact that non‐visual opsin repertoires have not been properly characterized in any of these lineages. Here, we show that non‐visual opsins from tetrapods and ray‐finned fish are distributed among 18 monophyletic subfamilies. An amphibian sequence occurs in every subfamily, whereas mammalian orthologs occur in only seven. Species in the major ray‐finned fish lineages, Holostei, Osteoglossomorpha, Otomorpha, Protacanthopterygii, and Neoteleostei, have large numbers of non‐visual opsins (22–32 genes) as a result of gene duplication events including, but not limited to, the teleost genome duplication (TGD). In contrast to visual opsins, where lineage‐specific duplication is common, the ray‐finned fish non‐visual opsin repertoire appears to have stabilized shortly after the TGD event and consequently even distantly related species have repertoires of similar size and composition. Most non‐visual opsins have been named without the benefit of a phylogenetic perspective and, accordingly, major revisions are proposed.
Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, and SAR Study of Some New 6‐Perfluoropropanyl Quinoline Derivatives
Authors: Fang Yue‐Ming , Zhang Rui‐Rui , Shen Zhong‐Hua , Wu Hong‐Ke , Tan Cheng‐Xia , Weng Jian‐Quan , Xu Tian‐Ming , Liu Xing‐Hai 
Published: October 2017

A series of novel quinoline derivatives containing perfluoropropanyl moiety were designed and synthesized. The bioassay results showed that some of them exhibited good control efficacy against Pyricularia oryae. The fungicidal activity was affected by the substituted position in the molecule. It was found that the compound 3n possessed highest control effect against P. oryae at different concentration. It is better than that of control Tebufloquin.
Impact of newly introduced perennial bioenergy crops on soil quality parameters at three different locations in W‐Germany
Authors: Emmerling Christoph , Schmidt Axel , Ruf Thorsten , von Francken-Welz Herbert , Thielen Sebastian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe land areas used for bioenergy crop cultivation are increasing across Europe. For several years now, various perennial crops have been cultivated, including Miscanthus, switchgrass and reed canary grass, and the newly introduced cup plant, giant knotweed, tall wheatgrass, virginia mallow, and wild plant mixtures. We investigated the impact that many of these perennial bioenergy crops (PECs) have on the soil organic C and N pools, microbial properties, and earthworm activity at three different study sites in W‐Germany with varying soil conditions after an experimental period of five years. Silage maize (Zea maize) in rotation with green rye (Cecale cereale) or Triticale was used for comparison (= annual energy crops; AEC). The overall intention of this study was to gain insights into the future trends of soil quality with changes in land‐use towards bioenergy production. Our results emphasized that in general, soil quality was improved through the cultivation of perennials. For example, after five years of investigation, the mean soil organic carbon contents increased, on average, by 1–2% at two of the three study sites, the soil microbial biomass increased from 13% (virginia mallow) to 27% (tall wheatgrass) (p < 0.05) compared to AEC treatment and the mean earthworm activity (cast production) was significantly improved in PECs compared to AEC. These trends were mainly found in silty to loamy soils, but the results were slightly different in sandy soils and dry climate conditions. We suggest that this might be traced back to unfavourable growing conditions for perennial crops during the first years of establishment. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive field investigation of the impact of these newly introduced perennial crops on soil quality indicators that considers various site‐ and soil‐specific growth conditions.