bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of p11 multifunctional protein in human body fluids by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Jiang H. , Quan R. , Yuan Y. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThe diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) is symptom based due to the lack of biological biomarker. p11 protein was recently found to be an important factor mediating depression-like states and antidepressant responses. The aim of the study was to assess whether p11 protein in urine can serve as a potential biomarker for major depression, and the relationship of its levels among urine, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).MethodsWe obtained urine samples from 13 drug-free MDD patients and 13 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. We also collected urine, serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from 13 of fracture patients or cesarean section patients in the spinal anesthesia. The concentrations of p11 protein were measured using ELISA.ResultsIn MDD patients, urine levels of p11 protein were all less than the minimum detectable concentration of the ELISA kit. The urine levels of p11 were detectable only in one healthy control. In the spinal anesthesia patients, we can detect p11 concentrations in both serum and urine in only two patients. Besides, levels of p11 were detectable in the serum of one patient and urine of another patient. We were unable to measure CSF levels of p11 in all patients.ConclusionsConcentrations of p11 protein in the body fluids are very low and unstable. The sensitivity of the current p11 ELISA kit is currently unsatisfactory, requiring the development of an ELISA kit of higher sensitivity to determine whether p11 in body fluids can serve as biomarker for depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Social cognition and bipolar disorder: A preliminary study
Authors: Ponte F.D.R. , Cardoso T.D.A. , Lima F.M. , Kunz M. , Rosa A.R. 
Published: June 2017

AimTo assess the clinical outcomes associated with social cognition impairment in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder.MethodIt was a cross-sectional study with convenience sample. The diagnose of bipolar disorder was performed by psychiatrist, using DSM-IV criteria, at bipolar disorder program – Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (Brazil), where the sample was recruited. The social cognition was assessed by psychologists using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test.ResultsWe included 46 euthymic BD patients: BD I (n = 39), women (n = 32), age (49.11 ± 13.17), and years of education (10.56 ± 3.80). Patients with social cognition impairment were not different of patients without social cognition impairment regarding socio demographic factors (gender, age, educational level, marital status, and employment status). Patients with social cognitive impairment showed higher rates of BD I patients (P = 0.036) and higher proportion of hospitalization in the first episode (P = 0.033), as compared to patients without social cognition impairment.ConclusionThis is a preliminary study demonstrating that BD patients with social cognition impairment show worse clinical outcomes. Severe BD onset seems to be an important predictor of social cognition impairment. However, more studies are needed investigating social cognition impairment in subjects with bipolar disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical case: Gynecological side effects caused by methylphenidate
Authors: Ballesteros A. , Rosero Á.S. , Inchausti F. , Manrique E. , Sáiz H. , Carrión C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMethylphenidate drugs is prescribed in attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. Among its rare side effects, include alterations in the gynecological. We report a clinical case and review current evidence regarding the tolerability this drug in this area.MethodsWe performed a PubMed search of articles published in English of different types (case reports or case/controls studies). We collected the clinical practice guidelines conclusions regarding adverse drug reactions.Case presentationOur patient is a 14-year-old male diagnosed of ADHD treated with methylphenidate (0.8–1 mg\kg). He developed bilateral and asymmetric gynecomastia under this treatment plan so a referral was made to rule out other causes of this event. After performing several work up tests, it was concluded that this clinical presentation was caused by methylphenidate. Hence, we initiated crossed titration swapping this drug to atomoxetine. Four months later, he was mentally stable and he experimented a volumetric decrease as concerns his gynecomastia.As regards methylphenidate, in 2009 a couple of cases in which alterations in the sexual sphere presented with the oros presentation were reported. There are series of reported pharmacological side effects (gynecomastia) and also denoted an improvement of the same months after drug discontinuation.ConclusionsGynecological clinic secondary to the use of psychotropic drugs in ADHD is uncommon. In line with our case, the current evidence suggests a drug suspension as adverse effects are usually reversible (although it may take several months to complete recovery). Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these tolerability issues.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Lifestyle factors and internet addiction among school children
Authors: Bener A. 
Published: June 2017

AimThe aim was to determine the association between internet addition [IA] and fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, and life style factors among school children.Subjects and methodsA cross-sectional survey based on multistage stratified random sampling and 1188 students (73.3%) gave consent during October 2011 to December 2012. Data including socio-demographic details, lifestyle and dietary habits Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Fatigue Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) test. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.ResultsThe overall prevalence of IA among school children was 19.8%. The proportion of IA was significantly more among males (56.4%) as compare to females (43.6%; P = 0.035), school performance (P < 0.001) and family income (P = 0.032). Those with IA had significantly less number of sleep hours (6.16 ± 0.80 vs. 6.58 ± 1.29; P < 0.001) as compared to normal. Those with IA had significantly high number of hours internet use (3.82 ± 1.64 vs. 3.03 ± 1.64; P < 0.001) as compared to normal. A significantly larger proportion of IA than normal subjects reported having headaches (P = 0.010), double vision (P = 0.037), eye hurt (P = 0.021), eye tired (P = 0.005), dizziness (34.4% vs. 27.3%; P = 0.002), fatigue, and hearing problem (P = 0.048). A significantly larger proportion of students with IA most frequently gratifying site (19.9% vs. 11.6%; P < 0.001), browsed games (38.6% vs. 29.9%; P = 0.010), chat sites (29.7% vs. 22%; P = 0.013), email (54.2% vs. 63.1%; P = 0.36), and research (61.0% vs. 69.2%; P = 0.017).ConclusionThe current study confirmed the of evidence linking problematic internet use with negative fatigue, greater numbers of symptoms, anxiety, sleeping disturbances, depressive and lifestyle risk factors, among vulnerable young children.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Association of adolescent symptoms of depression and anxiety with daily smoking and nicotine dependence in a sample of Tunisian teenagers
Authors: Ghanmi L. , Elleuch S. , Daoud M. , Zitoun K. , Zouari L. , Maalej M. 
Published: June 2017

AimsTo examine the association of adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms with daily smoking and nicotine dependence in Tunisians teenagers.DesignA cross-sectional study including teenagers (n = 162) from two colleges located in Gabes (south of Tunisia) and used a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. Adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale translated and validated in Tunisia. adolescent tobacco use was defined as: daily use (6 or 7 days per week) and the loss of autonomy over tobacco use was evaluated with the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC).FindingsThe prevalence of smoking was 61.7%. It was 92% for boys and 8% for girls. In our sample, 30.7% of teenagers used manufactured cigarettes and chicha; 93.8% of daily smokers had already lost control of their smoking. Their average score the HONC was 5.5 (gap deviation 2.4). Of these, 61.3% had a score greater than or equal to 5. Rates of anxiety and depression were respectively 43% and 20%. Nicotine-dependent adolescents were significantly more anxious than non-dependent: 68.3% vs. 48.7% (P = 0.04). We do not note significant differences between depressed teenagers and adolescents without depression, regarding nicotine dependence.ConclusionsSmoking is frequent among teenagers in Gabes. Adolescent smokers with anxiety symptoms are at increased risk for nicotine dependence. These results incite to pursue work that takes account of the specific diagnosis and treatment of tobacco dependence among adolescents, especially when psychiatric comorbidity makes smoking cessation more difficult.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Efficacy of romantic and sexual psycho-educational training for adolescent with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Giovagnoli G. , Mossolani G. , Napoli E. , Pontillo M. , Vicari S. , Mazzone L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRomantic and sexual functioning in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are understudied. Recent findings evidenced that adolescents and adults with present romantic and sexual behaviors comparable with their neurotypical peers. However, it is worth to note that dysfunctional and inappropriate romantic and sexual behaviors are often described in this population.ObjectivesTo investigate efficacy of a psycho-educational training in a small group of adolescent with high-functioning ASD (HFA, QI > 70).MethodsSix adolescents (all males, range age 14–16 years) have been evaluated before (T0) and after (T1) a 10-session sexual and romantic psycho-educational structured group training, of 90′ each session. Clinical evaluation included parent-report questionnaires, as SBS for sexual behaviors and CBCL for behavioral problems, and a self-report questionnaire for sexual behaviors, called SESAMO. Moreover, autistic symptoms were investigated with ADOS-2 at T0.ResultsPreliminary analysis revealed a statistically significant differences between T0 and T1 in sexual education (P = 0.02) and frequency of dysfunctional sexual behaviors (P = 0.02) of SBS and in sexual expectations about the partner in SESAMO (P = 0.04). No differences were found in CBCL.ConclusionPreliminary results showed an improvement of romantic and sexual functioning in adolescent boys with HFA, as reported by either parents and adolescents, after participating to a structured psycho-educational training. More sexual education and information, less inappropriate sexual behaviors and more-appropriate expectations about potential partner were reported at the end of the training. These results should be confirmed in studies including larger ASD and control sample.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The neurocognitive development of premature infants at 5 months corrected age
Authors: Kiselev S. , Lvova O. , Suleimanova E. 
Published: June 2017

It is known that prematurity is a risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly for ADHD and autism. However, the impact of prematurity on neurocognitive functions in the early stages of development is not investigated thoroughly.The aim of research was to reveal the differences in neurocognitive development in premature infants and full-term infants at 5 months age.The participants were 26 premature infants and 26 gender matched healthy full-term infants. The gestational age of preterm infants was between 29 and 35 weeks.The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were used to evaluate the neurocognitive abilities in infants.The one-way ANOVA has revealed that premature infants performed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more poorly than the full-term infants on cognitive scale, receptive language and gross motor. No significant differences were found between preterm and full-term infants on expressive language and fine motor.Two-way ANOVA has revealed no significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences between female premature infants and full-term female infants on gross motor in comparison to male infants.It was proposed that the prematurity has specific (not global) negative effect on neurocognitive development at 5 months age with gender effect on development of gross motor.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Children's trilogy “LILI, from conflict to conflict Medition” (“Lili, do Conflito à Mediação de Conflitos”)
Authors: Gabriela C. , Lima C. 
Published: June 2017

The author has devoted her life to matters relating to communication, whether in business contexts, or as a mediator, trainer and moderator.The trilogy “Lili, do conflito à Mediação de Conflitos” aims to help create more informed citizens, starting from an early age, namely in terms of the new forms of solving conflicts.In the first book: “Lili and the conflicts” (“Lili e os Conflitos”), we find the theme of conflicts; how to deal with them; respect for the different other; to put oneself in the place of the other.In the second book: “Lili and Conflict Medition” (“Lili e a Mediação de Conflitos”), we find the space created by conflict mediation so the parts in conflict can be heard; the enormous need to listen to the other; the needed empathy so as to know the reality of the other.In the third and final book: “Lili and the Conflict Mediator” (“Lili e o Mediador de Conflitos”), we explain what it is to be a conflict mediator, this “new” profession, distinguishing it from other professions which also use the word “Mediator”.The author makes presentations of the books and its topics, bringing these issues to debate and making them known to the school environment, both to students and teachers, as well as staff and parents.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The origins of mental toughness–internalizing and externalizing problems at the age of 5 years predict higher mental toughness scores at the age of 14 years
Authors: Sadeghi Bahmani D. , Hatzinger M. , Gerber M. , Lemola S. , Clough P.J. , Perren S. , von Klitzing K. , von Wyl A. , Holsboer-Trachsler E. , Brand S. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe concept of mental toughness has gained increasing importance among non-elite athletes for its psychological importance and explanatory power for a broad range of health-related behaviors. On the flip side, no study has focused so far on the psychological origins of mental toughness. Therefore, the aims of the present study were three-fold: to explore, to what extent psychological profiles of preschoolers at the age of five years predicted mental toughness scores and sleep disturbances at the age of 14 years, and to explore possible gender differences.MethodNine years after their first assessment at the age of five years (preschoolers), a total of 77 adolescents (mean age: 14.35 years; SD = 1.22; 42% females) took part in the present follow-up study. At baseline, both parents and teachers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), covering internalizing and externalizing problems, hyperactivity, negative peer relationships, and prosocial behavior. At follow-up, participants completed a booklet of questionnaires covering socio-demographic data, mental toughness, and sleep disturbances.ResultsPreschoolers with high prosocial behavior and low internalizing and externalizing problems, as rated by parents and teachers, at the age of 14 years self-reported higher mental toughness and lower sleep disturbances. At the age of 14 years, and relative to their male counterparts, female participants reported lower MT scores and higher sleep disturbances.ConclusionsThe pattern of results suggests that mental toughness traits during adolescence have their origins during pre-school years.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Neurobiological marker for child and adult ADHD diagnoses
Authors: Super H. , Cañete J. , Faraone S.V. , Asherson P. , Ramos-Quiroga J.A. 
Published: June 2017

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorder. It is a chronic disease where 50–60% of ADHD cases persist into adult life. ADHD is associated with a range of clinical and psychosocial impairments. In children hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention are the core symptoms of ADHD. In adults these core symptom are also present but inattention is more prominent. Correct diagnosis of ADHD remains challenging, especially as several other psychiatric and medical disorders show the similar symptomology.ObjectivesThe diagnosis of ADHD is clinical based upon a cluster of symptoms and criteria established by guidelines such as the DSM-5. Yet, objective markers are needed to support the clinical ADHD diagnosis in children and adults. Studies suggest that a neurobiological marker (eye vergence i.e. where the eyes move in opposite directions) can detect ADHD in children and adults. The eyes converge during orienting attention, as evidenced by visual event related potentials at parietal locations. This attention related vergence is impaired in ADHD patients.MethodsWe review the neurobiology and findings of eye vergence and the relevance of its measurement for the clinical diagnosis of ADHD.ResultsNeural circuits underlying eye vergence and attention largely overlap. Using machine learning, eye vergence measurements can classify ADHD in children and adults with high (> 90%) accuracy.ConclusionsEye vergence is a promising candidate for an objective clinical diagnosis of ADHD.Disclosure of interestPart of this research was paid by Braingaze. HS is co-founder and shareholder of Braingaze.
Complicated grief: Is there a place in psychiatry?
Authors: Azevedo Pinto S.L. , Soares J. , Silva A. , Curral R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionGrief is as normal reactive to a significant personal loss. It is characterized by affective, cognitive, behavioural and physiological symptoms. The grieving process is usually divided in five different stages, but in most cases presents a benign course, with decreased suffering and better adaptation to the new context. However, when high levels of emotional suffering or disability persist over a long time period, it becomes a case of complicated grief (CG), which should be adequately addressed.ObjectivesTo review the characteristics of CG, the evidence that supports it as an individual pathological entity, and its place in current classification systems.MethodsWe performed a bibliographic search in Pubmed and PsychInfo, of articles written in English, Portuguese and Spanish, containing the key words: grief, bereavement, psychiatry, classification.ResultsThe main issue regarding grief is the degree to which it is reasonable to interfere with a usually benign process. Since DSM-III bereavement has been referred to as an adaptive reaction to an important loss, which should not be diagnosed as major depressive disorder or adjustment disorder. However, DSM-5 has stated persistent complex bereavement disorder as an independent entity. In fact, CG fulfils the general criteria of every psychiatric syndrome, namely regarding specific diagnosis criteria, differential diagnosis from depressive disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder, and improvement with adequate treatment.ConclusionIt is important to correctly approach CG, since it presents with characteristic diagnosis features and much improvement may be achieved once adequate treatment is provided.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A new syndrome? The sport identification addiction and the case of Italian football ultra-fanatical support
Authors: Lanzaro M. 
Published: June 2017

The new DSM-5 has a number of changes to addictions and substance-related disorders. Internet Gaming for instance is a “Condition for Further Study”. This means that it is not an “official” disorder in the DSM, but one on which the American Psychiatric Association request additional research.The DSM diagnostic criteria for addictions to the X-subject generally include:– repetitive use of X, that leads to significant issues with functioning;– preoccupation or obsession with X;– craving/withdrawal symptoms when not dealing with X;– the person has tried to stop or curb X, but has failed to do so;– the person has had a loss of interest in other life activities, such as hobbies;– a person has had continued overuse of X even with the knowledge of how much they impact a person's life;– the person uses X to relieve anxiety related to other issues;– the person has lost or put at risk and opportunity or relationship because of X.I suggest that some sport fans may:– meet the above mentioned criteria;– be subject to over-identification with “their team performances”, superstitious conditioning and loss of self-consciousness that may lead to a full blown addictive syndrome, along with comorbidity with pathological gambling.This seems particularly true in Italy, for example, as far as the phenomenon of ultra football supporters is concerned.I argue that further research might be needed to explore the psycho-social consequences of obsessive sport addiction and how this may impact on a person's overall functioning.
Resilience and risk, metal health and well-being: How do these concepts relate?
Authors: Schultze-Lutter F. , Ochsenbein S. , Schmidt S.J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionResilience and well-being have become commonplace and increasingly used terms in a wide range of scientific as well as mental health political contexts.ObjectivesThere is much confusion about the relationship of the two constructs: while some use well-being as a proxy measure of resilience, others treat one concept as a component of the other or see interchangeably one as the prerequisite of the other.AimsTo study the definition of these two concepts in relation to each other.MethodsLiterature review.ResultsBoth ‘resilience’ as well as ‘well-being’, have so far defied universal definition and common understanding of their respective measurement. Part of the confusion around these two concepts is the overlap in their components, in particular with regard to resilience and psychological well-being, and the lack of research on these concepts both by themselves, in relation to each other and in relation to other concepts like mental health, risk or protective (or promotive) factors.ConclusionOur critical and comparative inspection of both concepts highlights the need for more conceptual cross-sectional as well as longitudinal studies:– to uncover the composition of these constructs and to reach agreement on their definition and measurement;– to detect their potential neurobiological underpinnings;– to reveal how they relate to each other;– to determine the potential role of developmental and cultural peculiarities.Thus, the use of the terms resilience and well-being should always be accompanied by a brief explanation of their respective meanings and theoretical framework.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.