bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF METALLACYCLE FORMATION IN THE DOUBLE ALKYLATION OF BIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)NITROGEN(1+) BIS(η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)‐DI‐μ‐CARBONYLDICOBALTATE WITH α,Γ‐DIIODOALKANES
Authors: YANG G. K. , BERGMAN R. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Alkylierung des zweikernigen Co‐Radikalanions (I ) mit I,3‐Di‐ iodbutan (IIa) oder 2,4‐Diiodpentan (IIb) führt zu drei neuen Metallacyclen, dem Methyldicobaltacyclopentan (IIIa) bzw. einem cis/trans‐Gemisch des ogof‐Dimethyldicobaltacyclopentans (IIIb) mit nahezu gleichem Anteil der Isomeren.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMS OF THE PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED COUPLINGS OF ACID CHLORIDES WITH ORGANOTIN REAGENTS
Authors: LABADIE J. W. , STILLE J. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAnhand von 31P‐NMR‐spektroskopischen Untersuchungen der durch den Pd‐Komplex (III) katalysierten Kupplungsreaktion von (I) mit (II) zu (V) wird gezeigt, daß das Verschwinden von (III) mit dem Auftreten von (IV) verbunden ist.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW INDUSTRIAL SYNTHESIS OF SQUALANE
Authors: NISHIDA T. , NINAGAWA Y. , ITOI K. , FUJITA Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMit Geranylaceton (I) oder Dehyilronerolidol (IV) als von der Industrie lieferbaren Ausgangsverbindungen wird das Alkadiindiol (III) dargestellt, dessen reduktive Dimerisierung zu Squalan (VI) durch direkte vollständige Hydrierung an Pd‐Coder (im Autoklav) an einem Ni‐ SiO2‐Al2O3‐Misch‐ Katalysator durchgeführt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF ZIZYPHINE A. SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDE ALKALOIDS. 8. AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES. 40
Authors: SCHMIDT U. , LIEBERKNECHT A. , BOEKENS H. + , GRIESSER H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem Brom‐pyrrolin (I) entsteht ein Ether (II), der nach Reduktion zu einem cis/trans‐Gemisch über den Ester (IIIa) und das Dipeptid (IIIb) zu Zizyphin A (IVb) cyclisiert und kondensiert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cadeguomycin (7‐Deazaguanosine‐7‐carboxylic Acid).
Authors: KONDO T. , GOTO T. , OKABE T. , TANAKA N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem Pyrrolopyrimidin (Ia) erhält man über die zunfgcfülnrten Zwischenstufen das (′udcgtnounyein (III ).
Behaviour and dynamics of two bubbles in conjunct condition in high‐viscosity liquids
Authors: Feng Junjie , Li Xinchen , Bao Yuyun , Cai Ziqi , Gao Zhengming , Evans Geoffrey M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTwo bubbles in conjunct condition are often encountered in high‐viscosity liquids, but have received very little attention in the literature. The conjunct bubbles rise together with unchanged shapes and constant velocities, showing some unique properties compared to single bubbles. The current research built on the previous work of Cai et al.,[1] and extended the bubble size ratio (κ) to the range 1.0–1.2. The formation and motion characteristics of conjunct bubbles made by direct collision of two in‐line bubbles were investigated, including the effects of bubble volume, bubble size ratio, and liquid viscosity. Models for the conjunct bubbles and the single bubbles were provided for predicting the projected area diameters and the rising velocities respectively, and the predicted values closely agreed with the measurements in glycerol‐water solutions with Morton numbers in the range of 1.690–661.8. The dynamic forces on the conjunct bubbles were analyzed, and a succinct algorithm was proposed for calculating the drag forces on the conjunct bubbles and the interaction force between the two bubbles.
Spectroscopic and Ab Initio Investigation of C−H⋅⋅⋅N Hydrogen‐Bonded Complexes of Fluorophenylacetylenes: Frequency Shifts and Correlations
Authors: Dey Arghya , Mondal Sohidul Islam , Sen Saumik , Patwari G. Naresh 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe C−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen‐bonded complexes of several fluorophenyacetylenes with ammonia and methylamine were characterized by a redshift in the acetylenic C−H stretching vibration of the phenylacetylene moiety. These redshifts were linearly correlated with the stabilization energies calculated at the CCSD(T)/CBS//MP2‐aug‐cc‐pVDZ level. Analysis of various components of the interaction energy indicated that the observed redshifts were weakly correlated with the electrostatic component. The weaker linear correlation between the frequency shifts and the electrostatic component between two data sets can perhaps be attributed to the marginal differences in the Stark tuning rate and zero‐field shifts. The induction and exchange‐repulsion components were linearly correlated. However, the dispersion component depends on the nature of the hydrogen‐bond acceptor and shows a quantum jump when the hydrogen‐bond acceptor is changed from ammonia to methylamine. The observed linear correlation between the redshifts in the C−H stretching frequencies and the total stabilization energies is due to mutual cancellation of deviations from linearity between various components.
Magnetocaloric Effect of Two Isostructural Heterometallic Organic Frameworks Based on {MIIGdIII2} Clusters (MII=Mn, Ni)
Authors: Zhang Shaowei , Cheng Peng 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTwo isostructural heterometallic coordination polymers (HCPs) based on {MIIGdIII2} clusters (MII=Mn and Ni) have been obtained from the conventional one‐pot self‐assembly of GdIII ions and H4abtc ligands (H4abtc=3,3′,5,5′‐azobenzenetetracarboxylic acid) with corresponding transition‐metal ions in mixed N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF)/H2O solvents. The formulas are expressed as {[NH2(CH3)2]2[MIIGdIII2(HCOO)2(abtc)2]}n (MII=Mn for 1 and Ni for 2). The common features of both HCPs are that two GdIII ions and one MII ion interconnected through abtc4− ligands present “hourglass”‐type {MIIGdIII2} clusters, which are further linked by HCOO− and abtc4− ligands to produce 3D (4,4,10)‐connected topological frameworks. Magnetic results reveal that both 1 and 2 possess remarkable magnetocaloric effects (MCE) with maximum −ΔSm values of 31.9 and 29.5 J kg−1 K−1 at 3.0 K for an applied field of 70 kOe, respectively. Furthermore, the skeletons of two HCPs were stable up to at least 310 °C as supported by thermogravimetric (TG) analyses and in situ variable‐temperature powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns.
The population genomic basis of geographic differentiation in North American common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)
Authors: Martin Michael D. , Olsen Morten Tange , Samaniego Jose A. , Zimmer Elizabeth A. , Gilbert M. Thomas P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCommon ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is an invasive, wind‐pollinated plant nearly ubiquitous in disturbed sites in its eastern North American native range and present across growing portions of Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Phenotypic divergence between European and native‐range populations has been described as rapid evolution. However, a recent study demonstrated major human‐mediated shifts in ragweed genetic structure before introduction to Europe and suggested that native‐range genetic structure and local adaptation might fully explain accelerated growth and other invasive characteristics of introduced populations. Genomic differentiation that potentially influenced this structure has not yet been investigated, and it remains unclear whether substantial admixture during historical disturbance of the native range contributed to the development of invasiveness in introduced European ragweed populations. To investigate fine‐scale population genetic structure across the species' native range, we characterized diallelic SNP loci via a reduced‐representation genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approach. We corroborate phylogeographic domains previously discovered using traditional sequencing methods, while demonstrating increased power to resolve weak genetic structure in this highly admixed plant species. By identifying exome polymorphisms underlying genetic differentiation, we suggest that geographic differentiation of this important invasive species has occurred more often within pathways that regulate growth and response to defense and stress, which may be associated with survival in North America's diverse climatic regions.
Unravelling the relative roles of top‐down and bottom‐up forces driving population change in an oceanic predator
Authors: Horswill C. , Ratcliffe N. , Green J. A. , Phillips R. A. , Trathan P. N. , Matthiopoulos J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the open ocean ecosystem, climate and anthropogenic changes have driven biological change at both ends of the food chain. Understanding how the population dynamics of pelagic predators are simultaneously influenced by nutrient‐driven processes acting from the “bottom‐up” and predator‐driven processes acting from the “top‐down” is therefore considered an urgent task. Using a state‐space demographic model, we evaluated the population trajectory of an oceanic predator, the Macaroni Penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus), and numerically assessed the relative importance of bottom‐up and top‐down drivers acting through different demographic rates. The population trajectory was considerably more sensitive to changes in top‐down control of survival compared to bottom‐up control of survival or productivity. This study integrates a unique set of demographic and covariate data and highlights the benefits of using a single estimation framework to examine the links between covariates, demographic rates and population dynamics.
Common and conflicting objectives and practices of herders and conservation managers: the need for a conservation herder
Authors: Molnár Zsolt , Kis József , Vadász Csaba , Papp László , Sándor István , Béres Sándor , Sinka Gábor , Varga Anna 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

The mutual dependence of extensive land-use and conservation management has become apparent in Europe in the last 20–30 yr. Extensive land-use often survives in protected areas only, in the form of conservation management. Knowledge of extensive herding and that of conservation management are parts of two knowledge systems (traditional and scientific) which often leads to conflicts between locals and conservationists. We studied two herding/conservation systems (salt steppes and wood-pastures), and developed an inventory on the common/similar and conflicting/different objectives and pasture management practices of herders and conservationists. Data were collected by participatory knowledge co-production in teamwork of the co-authors (herders, conservation managers, and scientists). Data were analyzed and discussed in teamwork too. Herders and conservationists identified 23 objectives and 29 management practices. We found a number of common interests with respect to herding, the ideal state of pastures, legal provisions, and communication. Conflict resolution recommendations (e.g., on time and place of grazing, pasture improvements) were also developed. We argue that by co-production of knowledge, and establishment of a herder “school” the mitigation of the existing conflicts would be more effective. Our conclusion is that a new profession is needed: that of the
conservation herder
. The conservation herder shall be an individual knowledgeable about herding and pasture management, trained in conservation and ecology, able to design management experiments, and develop novel but tradition-based management practices. As such, he/she could facilitate adaptation of extensive herding in the changing socio-economic environment.
Developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphate flame retardants in early life stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Sun Liwei , Tan Hana , Peng Tao , Wang Sisi , Xu Wenbin , Qian Haifeng , Jin Yuanxiang , Fu Zhengwei 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Because brominated flame retardants are being banned or phased out worldwide, organophosphate flame retardants have been used as alternatives on a large scale and have thus become ubiquitous environmental contaminants; this raises great concerns about their environmental health risk and toxicity. Considering that previous research has identified the nervous system as a sensitive target, Japanese medaka were used as an aquatic organism model to evaluate the developmental neurotoxicity of 4 organophosphate flame retardants: triphenyl phosphate, tri-n-butyl phosphate, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP). The embryo toxicity test showed that organophosphate flame retardant exposure could decrease hatchability, delay time to hatching, increase the occurrence of malformations, reduce body length, and slow heart rate. Regarding locomotor behavior, exposure to the tested organophosphate flame retardants (except TCEP) for 96 h resulted in hypoactivity for medaka larvae in both the free-swimming and the dark-to-light photoperiod stimulation test. Changes of acetylcholinesterase activity and transcriptional responses of genes related to the nervous system likely provide a reasonable explanation for the neurobehavioral disruption. Overall, the present study clearly demonstrates the developmental neurotoxicity of various organophosphate flame retardants with very different potency and contribute to the determination of which organophosphate flame retardants are appropriate substitutes, as well as the consideration of whether regulations are reasonable and required. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2931–2940. © 2016 SETAC
Discrete principal‐monotonicity inference for hydro‐system analysis under irregular nonlinearities, data uncertainties, and multivariate dependencies. Part II: Application to streamflow simulation in the Xingshan Watershed, China
Authors: Cheng Guanhui , Dong Cong , Huang Guohe , Baetz Brian W. , Han Jingcheng 
Published: May 2016

AbstractProvision of reliable scientific support to socio‐economic development and eco‐environmental conservation is challenged by complexities of irregular nonlinearities, data uncertainties, and multivariate dependencies of hydrological systems in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region, China. Among them, the irregular nonlinearities mainly represent unreliability of regular functions for robust simulation of highly complicated relationships between variables. Based on the proposed discrete principal‐monotonicity inference (DPMI) approach, streamflow generation in the Xingshan Watershed, a representative watershed in this region, is examined. Based on system characterization, predictor identification, and streamflow distribution transformation, DPMI parameters are calibrated through a two‐stage strategy. Results indicate that the modelling efficiency of DPMI is satisfactory for streamflow simulation under these complexities. The distribution transformation method and the two‐stage calibration strategy can deal with non‐normality of streamflow and temporally unstable accuracy of hydrological models, respectively. The DPMI process and results reveal that both streamflow uncertainty and its rising tendency increase with flow levels. The dominant driving forces of streamflow generation are daily lowest temperature and daily cumulative precipitation in consideration of performances in global and local scales. The temporal heterogeneity of local significances to streamflow is insignificant for meteorological conditions. There is significant nonlinearity between meteorological conditions and streamflow and dependencies among meteorological conditions. The generation mechanism of low flows is more complicated than medium flows and high flows. The DPMI approach can facilitate improving robustness of hydro‐system analysis studies in the Xingshan Watershed or the TGR region. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discrete principal‐monotonicity inference for hydro‐system analysis under irregular nonlinearities, data uncertainties, and multivariate dependencies. Part I: methodology development
Authors: Cheng Guanhui , Dong Cong , Huang Guohe , Baetz Brian W. , Han Jingcheng 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHydrological system analyses are challenged by complexities of irregular nonlinearities, data uncertainties, and multivariate dependencies. Among them, the irregular nonlinearities mainly represent inexistence of regular functions for robustly simulating highly complicated relationships between variables. Few existing studies can enable reliable simulation of hydrological processes under these complexities. This may lead to decreased robustness of the constructed models, unfeasibility of suggestions for human activities, and damages to socio‐economy and eco‐environment. In the first of two companion papers, a discrete principal‐monotonicity inference (DPMI) method is proposed for hydrological systems analysis under these complexities. Normalization of non‐normally distributed samples and invertible restoration of modelling results are enabled through a discrete distribution transformation approach. To mitigate data uncertainties, statistical inference is employed to assess the significance of differences among samples. The irregular nonlinearity between the influencing factors (i.e. predictors) and the hydrological variable of interest (i.e. the predictand) is interpreted as piecewise monotonicity. Monotonicity is further represented as principal monotonicity under multivariate dependencies. Based on stepwise classification and cluster analyses, all paired samples representing the responsive relationship between the predictors and the predictand are discretized as a series of end nodes. A prediction approach is advanced for estimating the predictand value given any combination of predictors. The DPMI method can reveal evolvement rules of hydrological systems under these complexities. Reliance of existing hydro‐system analysis methods on predefined functional forms is removed, avoiding artificial disturbances, e.g. empiricism in selecting model functions under irregular nonlinearities, on the modelling process. Both local and global significances of predictors in driving the evolution of hydrological variables are identified. An analysis of interactions among these complexities is also achieved. The understanding obtained from the DPMI process and associated results can facilitate hydrological prediction, guide water resources management, improve hydro‐system analysis methods, or support hydrological systems analysis in other cases. The effectiveness and advantages of DPMI will be demonstrated through a case study of streamflow simulation in Xingshan Watershed, China, in another paper. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical sealants with tunable swelling, burst pressures, and biodegradation rates
Authors: Henise Jeff , Hearn Brian R. , Santi Daniel V. , Kamata Hiroyuki , Sakai Takamasa , Ashley Gary W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe developed two types of polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐based surgical sealants, which we have termed the PER and PRO series. In one, the PRO series, an 8‐arm PEG containing activated carbonyl end‐groups was reacted with a 4‐armed amino‐PEG. In the second, the PER series, a 4‐arm PEG containing bi‐functional end groups with four azides and four activated esters was reacted by strain‐promoted alkyne‐azide cycloaddition with a 4‐arm cyclooctyne‐PEG to give a near‐ideal Tetra‐PEG hydrogel. The sealants showed predictably tunable strength, swelling, adhesion, and gelation properties. The gels were compared to commercially available PEG‐based sealants and exhibit physical properties equivalent to or better than the standards. Variants of each gel‐format were prepared that contained a β‐eliminative cleavable linker in the crosslinks to control degradation rate. Linkers of this type self‐cleave with half‐lives spanning from hours to years, and offer the unique ability to precisely tune the degradation to match the healing process. In addition, these linkers could serve as cleavable tethers for controlled drug release. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1602–1611, 2017.
A Small Dibromotyrosine Derivative Purified From Pseudoceratina Sp. Suppresses TGF‐β Responsiveness by Inhibiting TGF‐β Type I Receptor Serine/Threonine Kinase Activity
Authors: Chen Chun‐Lin , Kao Yu‐Chen , Yang Pei‐Hua , Sung Ping‐Jyun , Wen Zhi‐Hong , Chen Jih‐Jung , Huang Yaw‐Bin , Chen Pei‐Yu 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTFor clinical application, there is a great need for small‐molecule inhibitors (SMIs) that could control pathogenic effects of transforming growth factor (TGF‐β) and/or modulate effects of TGF‐β in normal responses. Selective SMIs of the TGF‐β signaling pathway developed for therapeutics will also be powerful tools in experimentally dissecting this complex pathway, especially its cross‐talk with other signaling pathways. In this study, we characterized (1′R,5′S,6′S)‐2‐(3′,5′‐dibromo‐1′,6′‐dihydroxy‐4′‐oxocyclohex‐2′‐enyl) acetonitrile (DT), a member of a new class of small‐molecule inhibitors related to bromotyrosine derivate from Pseudoceratina sp., which inhibits the TGF‐β type I receptor serine/threonine kinase known as activin receptor‐like kinase (ALK) 5. The inhibitory effects of DT on TGF‐β‐induced Smad signaling and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) were investigated in epithelial cells using in vitro kinase assay, luciferase reporter assays, immunoblotting, confocal microscopy, and wound healing assays. The novel ALK5 inhibitor, DT, inhibited the TGF‐β‐stimulated transcriptional activations of 3TP‐Lux. In addition, DT decreased phosphorylated Smad2/3 levels and the nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 increased by TGF‐β. In addition, DT inhibited TGF‐β‐induced EMT and wound healing of A549 cells. Our results suggest that DT is a potential therapeutic agent for fibrotic disease and cancer treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2800–2814, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The extreme European summer of 2015 in a long‐term perspective
Authors: Hoy Andreas , Hänsel Stephanie , Skalak Petr , Ustrnul Zbigniew , Bochníček Oliver 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn 2015, large parts of Europe were characterized by extraordinary high summer temperatures, accompanied by very dry conditions, particularly in central‐eastern Europe. Several major heat episodes occurred from the end of June until mid‐September. We provide an ad‐hoc evaluation of the observed climatological extremes in a secular context, by using a set of long station time series in daily resolution. Our data set comprises 42 temperature and 43 precipitation records, predominantly starting already in the 19th century. To investigate local record values, the individual full record length is analysed for each station, while regionally averaged analyses are presented for the core study period of 1901–2015. The study area covers Europe's central latitudes (44° to 52°N), extending from England in the west up to the central Ukraine in the east.During summer 2015, various indices representing extremely high maximum and minimum temperatures (strongly) exceeded previous record high values, mainly in an area extending from eastern Germany to western Ukraine. Additionally, severely to extremely dry conditions with unusually frequent dry days were prevailing particularly in the (central‐) eastern part of the study area. Drought indices combining temperature and precipitation revealed drought conditions comparable or even worse than those of former extreme summers like 2003.