bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen supply influences photosynthesis establishment along the sugarcane leaf
Authors: Bassi Denis , Menossi Marcelo , Mattiello Lucia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNitrogen (N) is a major component of the photosynthetic apparatus and is widely used as a fertilizer in crops. However, to the best of our knowledge, the dynamic of photosynthesis establishment due to differential N supply in the bioenergy crop sugarcane has not been reported to date. To address this question, we evaluated physiological and metabolic alterations along the sugarcane leaf in two contrasting genotypes, responsive (R) and nonresponsive (NR), grown under high- and low-N conditions. We found that the N supply and the responsiveness of the genotype determined the degree of senescence, the carboxylation process mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPcase) and differential accumulation of soluble sugars. The metabolite profiles indicated that the NR genotype had a higher respiration rate in the youngest tissues after exposure to high N. We observed elevated levels of metabolites related to photosynthesis in almost all leaf segments from the R genotype under high-N conditions, suggesting that N supply and the ability to respond to N influenced photosynthesis. Therefore, we observed that N influence on photosynthesis and other pathways is dependent on the genotype and the leaf region.
Non quasi-Hemispherical Seismological Pattern of the Earth’s Uppermost Inner Core
Authors: Ivan Marian , Wang Rongjiang , Hofstetter Rami 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe assembled a database consisting of 5,404 PKIKP/PKiKP observations from 555 events, where PKIKP is the phase sampling the inner core (IC) and PKiKP is the phase reflected at the inner core boundary (ICB). Around 138° distances, their differential arrival times and amplitude ratio are mostly sensitive to the seismic velocity and attenuation structure in the uppermost IC (UIC), respectively. Our observations do not support a large-scale anisotropy in the UIC, but do not exclude its presence in some restricted areas. A robust inversion for the isotropic P-wave velocity perturbations shows a higher velocity cap with a radius of ~60°, approximately centered beneath the Northern Sumatra, with a local low velocity zone beneath the central Indian Ocean. The rest of the UIC, including the Northern part of Eurasia and of the Atlantic Ocean, exhibits mostly lower velocity. Amplitude ratio values of PKIKIP/PKiKP (observed vs. computed) from 548 high signal-to-noise (>5) recordings show a large variance, suggesting only a faint correlation between higher velocity and lower attenuation in the UIC. Our results provide better constraints to the models invoking a heat transfer in the UIC, with a complex temperature pattern near ICB.
Metals Enhance the Killing of Bacteria by Bacteriophage in Human Blood
Authors: Ma Li , Green Sabrina I. , Trautner Barbara W. , Ramig Robert F. , Maresso Anthony W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMultidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens are a major medical concern.E.coli, particularly the pathotype extraintestinal pathogenicE.coli(ExPEC), is a leading cause of bloodstream infections. As natural parasites of bacteria, bacteriophages are considered a possible solution to treat patients infected with antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria. However, the development of phage as an anti-infective therapeutic is hampered by limited knowledge of the physiologic factors that influence their properties in complex mammalian environments such as blood. To address this barrier, we tested the ability of phage to kill ExPEC in human blood. Phages are effective at killing ExPEC in conventional media but are substantially restricted in this ability in blood. This phage killing effect is dependent on the levels of free metals and is inhibited by the anticoagulant EDTA. The EDTA-dependent inhibition of ExPEC killing is overcome by exogenous iron, magnesium, and calcium. Metal-enhanced killing of ExPEC by phage was observed for several strains of ExPEC, suggesting a common mechanism. The addition of metals to a murine host infected with ExPEC stimulated a phage-dependent reduction in ExPEC levels. This work defines a role for circulating metals as a major factor that is essential for the phage-based killing of bacteria in blood.
Comparing the Intramedullary Nail and Extramedullary Fixation in Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Zhang Wen-Qiang , Sun Jian , Liu Chun-Yu , Zhao Hong-Yao , Sun Yi-Feng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTreatment options for unstable intertrochanteric fractures include intramedullary nail and extramedullary fixation, although evidence regarding the most appropriate treatment for such fractures remains controversial. Our hypothesis was that there would be no obvious differences in mortality rates, functional outcomes and complications between the two groups. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to compare the relative advantages of intramedullary nail and extramedullary fixation. A total of 10 randomized controlled trials including only patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures were included in the final analysis. We found that no statistically significant difference in one-year mortality was observed between the two groups (RR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.55–1.10, p = 0.160). Analysis of exact p values from five included studies indicated that functional outcomes were markedly better for patients of the intramedullary nail group when compared with those of the extramedullary fixation group (p = 0.0028), although evidence remains controversial. Higher incidences of all complications were noted for extramedullary fixation (RR:1.48, 95% CI: 1.12–1.96, p = 0.006). However, no significant differences in implant-related complications were observed between the two groups (RR:1.20, 95% CI: 0.73–1.97, p = 0.475). Therefore, comparing with extramedullary fixation, the intramedullary nail method would be more reliable and should be encouraging for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.
An Accord of Nuclear Receptor Expression in M. tuberculosis Infected Macrophages and Dendritic Cells
Authors: Saini Ankita , Mahajan Sahil , Ahuja Nancy , Bhagyaraj Ella , Kalra Rashi , Janmeja Ashok Kumar , Gupta Pawan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosisinstigates interactions with host factors to promote its survival within the host inimical conditions. Among such factors, nuclear receptors (NRs) seem to be promising candidates owing to their role in bacterial pathogenesis. However, only few members of NR superfamily have been implicated inM. tuberculosisinfection and there is a dearth of comprehensive knowledge about expression or function of the entire superfamily. In this study, we performed detailed expression analysis and identified key NRs getting differentially regulated in murine macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) upon infection withH37Rv. The murine macrophages and DCs infected withH37Rventailed overlapping changes in the expression of certain NRs which reflect upon the possibility that both cells might utilize similar transcriptional programs uponM. tuberculosisinfection. We identified Nr4a3 and Rora, which have not been implicated inM. tuberculosispathogenesis, undergo similar changes in expression in macrophages and DCs uponH37Rvinfection. Interestingly, a similar pattern in their expression was also observed in infected human monocyte derived macrophages and the findings corroborated well with PBMCs obtained from TB patients. This all-inclusive analysis provides the basis for a precise approach in identifying NRs that can be targeted therapeutically in intracellular bacterial infections.
The odd one out: Arabidopsis reticulon 20 does not bend ER membranes but has a role in lipid regulation
Authors: Kriechbaumer Verena , Maneta-Peyret Lilly , Fouillen Laetitia , Botchway Stanley W. , Upson Jessica , Hughes Louise , Richardson Jake , Kittelmann Maike , Moreau Patrick , Hawes Chris 
Published: January 2018

AbstractReticulons are integral ER membrane proteins characterised by a reticulon homology domain comprising four transmembrane domains which results in the proteins sitting in the membrane in a W-topology. Here we report on a novel subgroup of reticulons with an extended N-terminal domain and in particular on arabidopsis reticulon 20. Using high resolution confocal microscopy we show that reticulon 20 is located in a unique punctate pattern on the ER membrane. Its closest homologue reticulon 19 labels the whole ER. Other than demonstrated for the other members of the reticulon protein family RTN20 and 19 do not display ER constriction phenotypes on over expression. We show that mutants in RTN20 or RTN19, respectively, display a significant change in sterol composition in roots indicating a role in lipid regulation. A third homologue in this family -3BETAHSD/D1- is unexpectedly localised to ER exit sites resulting in an intriguing location difference for the three proteins.
Towards a better classification of unclear eruptive variables: the cases of V2492 Cyg, V350 Cep, and ASASSN-15qi
Authors: Jurdana-Šepić R. , Munari U. , Antoniucci S. , Giannini T. , Lorenzetti D. 
Published: January 2018

Context.Eruptive variables are young stars that show episodic variations of brightness: EXors/FUors variations are commonly associated with enhanced accretion outbursts occurring at intermittent cadence of months/years (EXors) and decades/centuries (FUors). Variations that can be ascribed to a variable extinction along their line of sight are instead classified as UXors.Aims.We aim at investigating the long-term photometric behaviour of three sources classified as eruptive variables. We present data from the archival plates of the Asiago Observatory relative to the fields where the targets are located. For the sake of completeness we have also analysed the Harvard plates of the same regions that cover a much longer historical period, albeit at a lower sensitivity, however we are only able to provide upper limits.Methods.A total of 273 Asiago plates were investigated, providing a total of more than 200 magnitudes for the three stars, which cover a period of about 34 yr between 1958 and 1991. We have compared our data with more recently collected literature data.Results.Our plates analysis of V2492 Cyg provides historical upper limits that seem not to be compatible with the level of the activity monitored during the last decade. Therefore, recently observed accretion phenomena could be associated with the outbursting episodes, more than repetitive obscuration. While a pure extinction does not seem the only mechanism responsible for the ASASSN-15qi fluctuations, it can account quite reasonably for the recent V350 Cep variations.
Spatially resolving the dust properties and submillimetre excess in M 33
Authors: Relaño M. , De Looze I. , Kennicutt R. C. , Lisenfeld U. , Dariush A. , Verley S. , Braine J. , Tabatabaei F. , Kramer C. , Boquien M. , Xilouris M. , Gratier P. 
Published: January 2018

Context. The relative abundance of the dust grain types in the interstellar medium is directly linked to physical quantities that trace the evolution of galaxies. Because of the poor spatial resolution of the infrared and submillimetre data, we are able to study the dependence of the resolved infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) across regions of the interstellar medium (ISM) with different physical properties in just a few objects.
Aims. We aim to study the dust properties of the whole disc of M 33 at spatial scales of ~170 pc. This analysis allows us to infer how the relative dust grain abundance changes with the conditions of the ISM, study the existence of a submillimetre excess and look for trends of the gas-to-dust mass ratio (GDR) with other physical properties of the galaxy.
Methods. For each pixel in the disc of M 33 we have fitted the infrared SED using a physically motivated dust model that assumes an emissivity index β close to two. We applied a Bayesian statistical method to fit the individual SEDs and derived the best output values from the study of the probability density function of each parameter. We derived the relative amount of the different dust grains in the model, the total dust mass, and the strength of the interstellar radiation field (ISRF) heating the dust at each spatial location.
Results. The relative abundance of very small grains tends to increase, and for big grains to decrease, at high values of Hα luminosity. This shows that the dust grains are modified inside the star-forming regions, in agreement with a theoretical framework of dust evolution under different physical conditions. The radial dependence of the GDR is consistent with the shallow metallicity gradient observed in this galaxy. The strength of the ISRF derived in our model correlates with the star formation rate in the galaxy in a pixel by pixel basis. Although this is expected, it is the first time that a correlation between the two quantities has been reported. We have produced a map of submillimetre excess in the 500 μm SPIRE band for the disc of M 33. The excess can be as high as 50% and increases at large galactocentric distances. We further studied the relation of the excess with other physical properties of the galaxy and find that the excess is prominent in zones of diffuse ISM outside the main star-forming regions, where the molecular gas and dust surface density are low.
Teaching Practice in Distance Education Context
Authors: Fatmasari Rhini , Suripto  
Published: January 2018

Teaching practice is an activity designed to enable students in mastering teaching skills. This activity is very important to improve the ability of prospective teachers, because theoretical knowledge has not been able to equip the teaching practice. The practice of teaching at schools provides a real experience for students in the real class, because theoretical knowledge through the process of learning in the classroom can not equip the teaching practice.
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Indonesia Open University (UT) with distance learning system has designed Teaching Practice through Praktek Kemampuan Mengajar (PKM) course with 3 credit score. PKM is implemented in the schools where they teach and are guided by two supervisors. The PKM exam is conducted at the designated centre schools at each UT Regional Office .
This study is aimed to evaluate the activities of PKM students of Economic Education Studies Program FKIP UT in UT Regional Office. The study was conducted at 12 UT Regional Office samples involving respondents consisting of UT students and UT Regional Office staff.
The results showed the level of independence of students doing PKM was quite high (72%). This level of independence needs to be supported by a 43% improvement in preparation and administrative services at UT Regional Office. In the implementation of teaching practice in schools, in average 53.14% Supervisor 1 and 63.86% Supervisor 2 always provide direction in accordance with UT standards. While 62.5% of Headmaster Sentra has role in accordance with its function.
Anaphylaxis Following Human Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Child with Lupus Anticoagulant Hypoprothrombinemia Syndrome: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Mediwake Heshani , Robertson Jeremy , Beggs Joanne , Mason Jane 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA previously healthy 3-year-old girl presented with a short history of mucocutaneous bleeding and a spontaneous left knee hemarthrosis following a nonspecific viral gastroenteritis. Initial investigations for a bleeding disorder revealed a normal platelet count; however, coagulation studies revealed a prothrombin time (PT) of 25 seconds and an activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of 66 seconds (both prolonged). The APTT did not correct on mixing with normal plasma, and further testing confirmed the presence of a strong lupus anticoagulant (LA). One-stage assays of factor VIII, VII, and X were normal, but factor II was markedly reduced. Based on this distinct clinicopathological picture, a diagnosis of lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome (LAHS) was made. Due to the presence of a hemarthrosis, the patient was treated with clotting factor concentrate. Human prothrombin complex concentrate (PROTHROMBINEX-VF) was used as a source of factor II replacement; however, during the infusion the patient developed anaphylaxis necessitating resuscitation. The patient was observed without further factor replacement, and the bleeding symptoms resolved over several days. Within 3 weeks her PT and factor II had normalized but the APTT remained prolonged. After 6 months the coagulation profile had completely normalized and the LA was negative. It is unusual to require replacement of factor II in paediatric LAHS because bleeding is typically minor and self-limited. Anaphylaxis to clotting factor concentrates has not been previously reported in the context of LAHS, but is well described in patients with congenital factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B). Whilst the potential mechanism for anaphylaxis in our patient is unknown, it is recommended that human prothrombin complex concentrates should be used cautiously in paediatric LAHS.
The Variation of Disulfides in the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ergin Merve , Aydin Cevdet , Yurt Emine Feyza , Cakir Bekir , Erel Ozcan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study was to examine thiol-disulfide balance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods This study included 32 subjects with known type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications, 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with complications, 28 newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 45 healthy individuals. Thiol-disulfide profile tests were quantified in all groups.
Results Compared to the control group, patients in each of the diabetic groups had significantly lower native and total thiol levels, higher disulfide levels, and higher disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios (p<0.05 for all). Disulfide levels were significantly lower in the newly diagnosed group than in other diabetic groups (p<0.05). There were significant associations between glycemic parameters and thiol-disulfide tests (p<0.05).
Conclusions A disequilibrium between thiol-disulfide pairs occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a gradual increase to disulfide levels may contribute to the disease’s severity. Deteriorated thiol-disulfide homeostasis may be relevant to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
RNA force field with accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art protein force fields
Authors: Tan Dazhi , Piana Stefano , Dirks Robert M. , Shaw David E. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
The complex and often highly dynamic 3D structures of RNA molecules are central to their diverse cellular functions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have played a major role in characterizing the structure and dynamics of proteins, but the physical models (“force fields”) used for simulating nucleic acids are substantially less accurate overall than those used in protein simulations, creating a major challenge for MD studies of RNA. Here, we report an RNA force field capable of describing the structural and thermodynamic properties of RNA molecules with accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art protein force fields. This force field should facilitate the use of MD simulation as a tool for the study of biologically significant RNA molecules and protein–RNA complexes.
K63 ubiquitylation triggers proteasomal degradation by seeding branched ubiquitin chains
Authors: Ohtake Fumiaki , Tsuchiya Hikaru , Saeki Yasushi , Tanaka Keiji 
Published: January 2018

SignificancePosttranslational modification of proteins by ubiquitylation regulates numerous biological processes. Polyubiquitin chain linkages are critical determinants that direct substrates to distinct pathways, a concept referred to as the ubiquitin code. Lysine-63 (K63)-linked polyubiquitin chains are the second most abundant linkage type in cells, and are known to regulate proteasome-independent pathways such as signal transduction and endocytosis. We report that K63-linked polyubiquitylation of the proapoptotic regulator TXNIP by the ubiquitin ligase ITCH triggers proteasome-mediated protein degradation. K63 ubiquitin chains facilitate subsequent assembly of K48/K63 branched ubiquitin chains through recruitment of ubiquitin ligases assembling K48 chains, thereby directing substrates to the proteasome. These results reveal an unappreciated ubiquitin-dependent pathway leading to the proteasome.
In vivo wireless photonic photodynamic therapy
Authors: Bansal Akshaya , Yang Fengyuan , Xi Tian , Zhang Yong , Ho John S. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
The low penetration of light through tissue currently limits the therapeutic depth of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to less than a centimeter, even at near-infrared wavelengths. We report a wireless photonic approach to PDT in which miniaturized implantable devices deliver controlled doses of light by wireless powering through thick tissue. We demonstrate targeted cancer therapy with this approach by activating light-sensitive drugs deep in the body and suppressing tumor activity in vivo in animal models. The versatility in light delivery enabled by this approach extends the spatial and temporal precision of PDT to regions deep within the body.
High integrin α
V
β
6
affinity reached by hybrid domain deletion slows ligand-binding on-rate
Authors: Dong Xianchi , Zhao Bo , Lin Fu-Yang , Lu Chafen , Rogers Bruce N. , Springer Timothy A. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Integrins are complex multidomain adhesion molecules. We study how their affinity and binding kinetics for extracellular ligands are regulated, which is essential to enable integrins to communicate with the cytoskeleton. We show that the hybrid domain, which interfaces with the βI domain, strongly regulates affinity for ligand, which binds to a distal face of the βI domain. At high integrin affinity, the ligand binding on-rate goes down. We propose that integrins bind ligand in their low-affinity state, which has a wider ligand-binding pocket, and then convert to their high-affinity state, which has a tighter pocket.
Disruption of the anaphase-promoting complex confers resistance to TTK inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Thu K. L. , Silvester J. , Elliott M. J. , Ba-alawi W. , Duncan M. H. , Elia A. C. , Mer A. S. , Smirnov P. , Safikhani Z. , Haibe-Kains B. , Mak T. W. , Cescon D. W. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Using functional genomic screens, we have identified resistance mechanisms to the clinical TTK protein kinase inhibitor (TTKi) CFI-402257 in breast cancer. As this and other TTKi are currently in clinical trials, understanding determinants of tumor drug response could permit rational selection of patients for treatment. We found that TTKi resistance is conferred by impairing anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) function to minimize the lethal effects of mitotic segregation errors. Discovery of this mechanism in aneuploid cancer cells builds on previous reports indicating that weakening the APC/C promotes tolerance of chromosomal instability in diploid cells. Our work suggests that APC/C functional capacity may serve as a clinically useful biomarker of tumor response to TTKi that warrants investigation in ongoing clinical trials.