bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International Activities of the United States Department of Commerce with Particular Reference to Africa
Authors: Blankenheimer Bernard 
Published: February 2017

The United States Department of Commerce is the largest data collecting organization in the world. Its Bureau of the Census has the monumental job every ten years of conducting a population census; its Office of Business Economics has the important task of measuring the national income and computing the balance of international payments and is also nationally known for a family of publications including the scholarly monthly SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS.
These data are intended primarily to provide statistical guidelines relative to the course of the domestic economy. However, a different kind of data collection activity is carried on regularly by the Department in the Bureau of International Programs and the Bureau of International Business Operations. These two bureaus have primary responsibility within the department for the promotion of United States foreign commerce and private international investments. Both are new organizational units created as of August 8, 1961 to replace the former Bureau of Foreign Commerce, and both are under the supervision of the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for International Affairs who is, in turn, responsible directly to the Secretary of Commerce. In announcing this reorganization in the department's international affairs' responsibilities, Secretary Hodges stated that the Commerce Department must “fulfill our role in formulating U.S. foreign economic policy especially as it affects the American business community. … We want to be in a position to advise both business and government on the imminent changes in world trade and investment resulting from regional economic integration, from the threat of the Sino Soviet Bloc, and from our own economic growth. We need better methods to evaluate and set upon developments abroad which have an impact on the U.S. foreign and domestic trade.”
Nutritional and nutraceutical aspects of KAMUT® khorasan wheat grown during the last two decades
Authors: DI LORETO A. , DI SILVESTRO R. , DINELLI G. , BREGOLA V. , STENICO V. , SFERRAZZA R. E. , MAROTTI I. , QUINN R. , BOSI S. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYRecently, organic farming systems have attracted the attention of consumers because of their low environmental impact. Organic agriculture is a valid alternative to conventional farming and ancient wheat, such as KAMUT® khorasan wheat (T. turgidum ssp. turanicum), has emerged as an industry leader for its nutritional and functional properties (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and prebiotic).The aim of the present study was to evaluate environmental effects on the quality of KAMUT® khorasan grains harvested in the last two decades (1989–2012) on one farm in Montana (USA), through the evaluation of phytochemical accumulation. Results revealed high variability in the amounts of macronutrients and nutraceuticals. In particular, from 1989 to 2012, there was a decreasing trend in starch content (ranging from 70·87 to 50·54/100 g) and amylose (from 41·48 to 31·46% of total starch) with a slight increase of insoluble dietary fibre (from 12·14 to 17·75/100 g). The soluble dietary fibre content varied among the years of cultivation even if the general trend remained constant (4·57–2·82/100 g). High variability of total polyphenols content was observed with the free soluble fraction present at lower levels than bound polyphenols (BP). Moreover, an inverse correlation between free and BP was observed. The results obtained in the present study show that the influence of environmental conditions plays a fundamental role in the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in wheat kernels and strongly modulate the nutritional and nutraceutical value of flour.
Outcomes of transoral laser microsurgical management of T1bstage glottic cancer
Authors: Song J A , Rigby M H , Trites J , Hart R D , Taylor S M 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to evaluate the oncological and voice outcomes of transoral laser microsurgery for tumour stage T1bstage glottic cancer patients.Methods:A prospective cohort study in a tertiary care head and neck cancer centre included tumour–node–metastasis stage T1bN0M0glottic cancer patients scheduled to undergo transoral laser microsurgery from January 2002 until June 2014. Kaplan–Meier five-year analyses of local control, overall survival, disease-specific survival and laryngeal preservation were performed. Voice Handicap Index-10 scores and maximum phonation times were also recorded.Results:Twenty-one participants with a mean age of 66.8 years were enrolled. The mean follow up was 56.5 months. Kaplan–Meier 5-year survival analysis illustrated a local control rate of 82 per cent, overall survival of 88 per cent, disease-specific survival of 100 per cent, and laryngeal preservation of 100 per cent. The pre-operative Voice Handicap Index-10 score was 19.1 ± 9.47 (mean ± standard deviation (SD)) and the post-operative scores were 13.5 ± 9.29 at three months, 10.44 ± 9.70 at one year and 5.83 ± 4.91 at two years. The pre-operative maximum phonation time was 16.23 ± 5.46 seconds (mean ± SD) and the post-operative values were 14.44 ± 6.73 seconds at three months, 15.27 ± 5.71 seconds at one year and 14.33 ± 6.44 seconds at two years.Conclusion:Transoral laser microsurgery yields relatively high rates of oncological control and acceptable voice outcomes, and thus shows utility as a primary treatment modality for T1bglottic cancer.
Introduction
Authors: Coorlawala Uttara Asha 
Published: February 2017

It is my pleasure and honor here to introduce three articles by prominent scholars and practitioners of Indian dance to celebrate a set of profound, meticulous acts of devotion—the writings of Kapila Vatsyayan. These essays, originally presented at an honorary panel for Kapila Vatsyayan at the 1998 CORD Conference, offer diverse perspectives and conceptual frames that significantly enrich our appreciation of Vatsyayan's outstanding contribution to dance scholarship. The first frame, that of Janet O'shea, focuses on the interactions between body, subjectivity, a system of dancing, and their combined implications for dance studies. Joan Erdman's frame draws attention to the ways in which Vatsyayan's vision of dance interacts with Indian culture and becomes expressed as thought, art, architecture, and poetry. Mohd Anis Nor considers the impact of Vatsyayan's scholarship on the works of East Asian scholars. Finally, Vatsyayan herself speaks in an informal interview about formative influences on her writings. Her spontaneous responses reflect and confirm issues that the set of papers have raised concerning her postcolonial experience of scholarly research.Janet O'shea, a performer of Bharatanatyam, explores how Vatsyayan's understanding of the bodily experience of dancing informs her organization of the components of dance structures. She observes that Vatsyayan's concept of dance demonstrates how the various Indian dance forms groom the body to reflect the concepts of body-shape, posture, and of articulation of movement that are listed in the theoretical texts. O'shea notes that “this methodological framework situates dance as an active cultural participant in relation to other systems of thought” and offers a model for exploring dance as a system.
The Politics of Quadrille Performance in Nineteenth-Century Martinique
Authors: Cyrille Dominique O. 
Published: February 2017

Much has been said of the tradition of quadrille dancing that exists in the Caribbean. This dance and music repertory was first introduced there in the late eighteenth century by European colonists who wanted to recreate some of the aristocratic lifestyle they would have enjoyed in their country of origin. But soon after its introduction, people of African descent whom the Europeans had forcibly introduced in the Caribbean appropriated the dance and transformed it to fit the new environment.In his overview of Caribbean music, Kenneth Bilby noted that the most ubiquitous music traditions of the Caribbean seem to be the ones that grew out of the European social dances and music genres of an earlier era (1985, 195). Establishing a parallel with the Creole music of the Seychelles, which bears strong resemblance to Caribbean forms, John Szwed and Morton Marks (1988) suggested that the French contredanse and quadrille were instrumental to the emergence of the Creole repertories, primarily because, just like many of the Caribbean islands, the Seychelles were French colonies in the eighteenth century.
Still Moving: The Revelation or Representation of Dance in Still Photography
Authors: Reason Matthew 
Published: February 2017

Arnold Genthe's 1915 photograph of Anna Pavlova, taken as she leaps into the air, is perhaps the earliest photograph of free movement in dance (Fig. 1). Unlike many other early images, with long exposure times necessitating static poses or wires to hold up the dancers, this photograph depicts actual movement. This claim to authenticity and actuality is a powerful part of its appeal; looking at the image, viewers are sure that they are witnesses to a faithful reproduction of Pavlova dancing, that they are seeing the dance of the past. Considered in this manner, the photograph is an example of the revelatory power of the camera to show us what has been.However, Genthe's photograph is not a powerful image simply because it is, authentically, of a dancer in motion. It might have mechanically frozen its subject in time, but the photograph communicates movement beyond the moment it depicts—beyond, in a sense, what it reveals photographically to what it evokes in the mind of the viewer. Viewers are able to see movement in details indicative of motion: the flowing fabric of the costume, Pavlova's bodily posture with raised and powerfully muscled thigh, the elevated arm gestures, and the sharply bent and thrusting toes. Additionally, the degree of blur in the photograph provides an indistinctness that is suggestive of something in motion; oddly, the partial obscurity of the picture prompts viewers to imagine more than they can see. All of these elements are evocative indications of movement; they are neither documentary nor part of what can be called photographic revelation, but are instead representational.
Reading the Ballerina's Body: Susan Bordo Sheds Light on Anastasia Volochkova and Heidi Guenther
Authors: Oliver Wendy 
Published: February 2017

In September of 2003, Bolshoi Ballet dancer and media star Anastasia Volochkova, 27, was fired from her job. The main reason given was that at 5′7″ and 110 lbs., she was too tall and too heavy for her partners to lift. Yekaterina Norikova, spokeswoman for the Bolshoi, said: “The problem is that male dancers complained of her height and weight and refused to dance with her” (quoted in Isachenkov 2003). Yevgeny Ivanchenko, her former partner, publicly declared her too heavy to lift, saying that he risked injury in working with her. The Russian newspaper Vremya Novostei used the headline “Not even bears could hold [her]” (Kishkovsky, 2003, A1).In her interviews with the press, she said that she is in excellent shape and follows a strict diet. “I don't eat ice cream now,” said Ms. Volochkova, who once told a Russian interviewer that she adores it. “I eat spinach leaves and vegetables.” She also declared that “Height and weight are not the test of a great ballerina” (2003, A1).
In the Presence of the Body: Theorizing Training, Injuries and Pain in Ballet
Authors: Aalten Anna 
Published: February 2017

After an injury; a dancer learns, at least for a short time, to heed his [sic] body if only because pain speaks a language almost anyone can understand. This heightened awareness should not disappear once the dancer returns to form; rather it should help him continue to learn about the ways his body moves and reacts (Ashley 1984, 217–218).In this statement the American dancer Merrill Ashley, who had a memorable 30-year career with the New York City Ballet, expresses a view on injuries that goes against the grain of dominant thinking within the world of ballet. According to Ashley, who suffered from several injuries in her first two years with the company, an injury can be a positive experience for a dancer, because it heightens her awareness of her body and teaches her about its possibilities and limitations. This is a rather exceptional view in a world where the vast majority of professionals commonly see injuries as a disaster (Wulff 1998; Wainwright, Williams and Turner 2005). The dominant realization that a dancer's career is short makes dancers fear an injury, because it will prevent them from dancing and cause them to lose roles. Because “there is a rule in the ballet world against casting or promoting dancers who are injured” (Wulff 1998, 106), dancers who suffer from an injury will wait as long as possible before letting others know, because they are afraid it will stop them dancing (Mainwaring, Krasnow and Kerr 2001).
Belly Dance: Orientalism—Exoticism—Self-Exoticism
Authors: Shay Anthony , Sellers-Young Barbara 
Published: February 2017

The Orient was almost a European invention, and had been since antiquity a place of romance, exotic beings, haunting memories and landscapes, remarkable experiences. (Said 1978,1)The past century has witnessed the phenomenon of belly dancing becoming a key icon of the Middle East in the West. This iconic representation often causes outrage, resentment, and even protest among Arabs who resent Westerners (mis)representing them by focusing on cabaret-style belly dance, a low-class and disreputable symbol for many in the Arab world, as a primary media image of the Middle East. Since the 1970s, millions of women and some men in the West have been attracted to belly dancing, investing millions of dollars and enormous time acquiring the basic skill of the dance in order to perform it. This essay will address several issues that are raised by the phenomenon of belly dancing and its transformation, globalization, and acculturation in the West; it is designed to develop a newly emerging area of performance/cultural research, drawing from the fields of dance and transnational studies.
Afterword
Authors: Dils Ann 
Published: February 2017

The discussion that followed the original presentation of these papers at the 1989 conference speculated on the possibilities of radically reconstructing Tudor's work, somehow re-arranging the gender roles he assigns in order to comment on his covert construction of gender. Reactions varied: some conference participants asserted it was an interesting idea, but felt they wouldn't want to violate Tudor's intentions; others thought this was perfectly acceptable, that the definition of the work needed to be open-ended and include many possibilities. One audience member felt our panel might be considered an instance of the work, especially because Giffin and Maletic performed motifs from the dance.These diverse opinions reflect alternate understandings of what our panel accomplished. On the one hand, our search for constitutive properties is a way of documenting and preserving Dark Elegies. The search for constitutive properties details what has happened in various performances and the content of the score, and also tries to recapture Tudor's thinking. Through his analysis of the score, Giffin discusses Tudor's choreographic constructions and distinctive ways of using the body.
Note on the Papers by J. Holtan and By J. Lemaire & H. Zi
Authors: Holtan Jon 
Published: February 2017

According to the editorial rules of treating discussion situations in the ASTIN Bulletin the paper by J. Lemaire & H. Zi being somewhat a discussion on Holtan's paper was sent to the author of the original paper, who was given the opportunity to make an additional comment. The editors then received the following note by Jon Holtan:In this note I want to give some general comments on the papers by Lemaire & Zi (1994) and Holtan (1994).Interpret henceforth a bonus-malus (BM) principle as consisting of two basic components:(a) The BM design.(b) The BM tariff parameters.Traditional actuarial literature has basically been preoccupied with component (b). Or more precisely, the tariff parameters of an initial accepted BM design have usually been mathematically optimalized within different criteria of succes like e.g. high efficiency and financial balance. In my opinion, however, this strategy seems to be too narrow if the aim is to construct a BM principle which is totally optimalized in favour of both the insurer and the insured. In our strive for maximizing BM advantages and minimizing BM disadvantages, actuarial BM research should instead simultaneously focus on both components (a) and (b). The construction of the High-Deductible System (HDS) in Holtan (1994) is an example of this strategy. However, as pointed out in Lemaire & Zi (1994) (see Section 1 and 4) and Holtan (1994) (see Section 3, 5 and 6), a HDS compared with existing BM systems both eliminates and generates important disadvantages which are linked to component (a). Based on some mathematical model assumptions, Lemaire & Zi moreover concludes (see Section 3 and 5) that this two-sided conclusion is in principle also valid within some mathematical criteria of success linked to component (b). These complex, and perhaps confusing, conclusions make it difficult for us to decide whether to prefer the existing BM systems or the HDS. However, the solution to this problem of decision seems to be naturally dependent on some strategic questions like: What kind of BM advantages and what kind of BM disadvantages will be the most important to focus on in the future automobile insurance market?
The Use of Microsatellites in Zygosity Diagnosis of Twins
Authors: Erdmann J. , Nöthen M.M. , Stratmann M. , Fimmers R. , Franzek E. , Propping P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlthough numerous genetic and anthropological markers are available for determining zygosity of twins, there is still a need for a more practical and informative method in zygosity diagnosis. Dinucleotide repeats or other short repeats (microsatellites) are highly variable between individuals and offer a simple, fast, cheap, and exact approach for zygosity determination. The feasibility of a set of microsatellites to be used for this purpose is demonstrated.
Recovery and germination of seeds after passage through the gut of Kazakh sheep on the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains
Authors: Wang Shulin , Lu Weihua , Waly Narkes , Ma Chunhui , Zhang Qianbing , Wang Chuanjian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEndozoochorous dispersal of seeds by livestock has long attracted the attention of grassland scientists. However, little is known about seed dispersal after ingestion by Kazakh sheep on dry grasslands in the Tianshan Mountains. The objective of this experiment was to learn more about the recovery and germinability of seeds from 17 plant species after either actual or simulated ingestion (i.e. insertion through a rumen fistula) by Kazakh sheep. The passage time of seeds through the sheep gut ranged from 12 to 96 h. More than 80% of all recovered seeds were defecated 24–48 h after ingestion. The mean retention time of seeds in the gut ranged from 27.3 to 42.2 h. Seed recovery percentage ranged between 12.6 and 17.6% for leguminous species and between 0.8 and 3.2% for gramineous species. Seed recovery percentage was positively correlated with seed mass, but negatively correlated with seed shape. The germination percentages of the gramineous species were greater in the non-ingested treatment (66–98%) than in the simulated ingestion treatment (3–10%). In contrast, for leguminous species, seed germination percentages were greater in the simulated ingestion treatment (23–70%) than in the non-ingested one (5–12%). Seed germination percentage after simulated ingestion was positively correlated with seed mass, but negatively correlated with seed shape. In conclusion, leguminous seeds were more likely than gramineous ones to pass through the gut of Kazakh sheep and then germinate. Free-ranging Kazakh sheep can contribute to the spread of plant species, especially leguminous species, in the Tianshan Mountains.
Habitat-correlated seed germination and morphology in populations of Phillyrea angustifolia L. (Oleaceae)
Authors: Mira Sara , Arnal Alberto , Pérez-García Félix 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe broad aim of this work was to study intraspecific variation of seed germination in Phillyrea angustifolia L. (Oleaceae), a species with a hard (water-permeable) endocarp. Germination of seeds from six different wild populations was correlated with traits related either to seed morphology or to environmental parameters. Germination of naked seeds (seeds without endocarp) at the optimum germination conditions was similar among populations and individuals, but great differences could be detected regarding the germination of seeds with endocarp both at inter- and intra-populational levels. Differences among populations could be related to climatic parameters and to morphometric variables of seeds with endocarp. A higher germination was associated with populations growing in habitats with more severe summer (higher temperature, lower precipitation and a longer drought period) and producing elongated seeds (lower Feret ratio and roundness). Moreover, seeds from eight different individuals within a population were tested independently, and great differences regarding the germination of seeds with endocarp could be detected among individuals. Our results suggest that the morphological variation found in P. angustifolia endocarp is both under strong maternal genetic control as well as influenced by environmental factors, as indicated by the high variability among individuals within one population and the significant correlation between climate variables and seed germination among populations. Finally, it is emphasized that standardization of plant propagation protocols should take into account the degree of intraspecific variation of Mediterranean species.
Heterogeneity of the Jealousy Phenomenon in the General Population: An Italian Study
Authors: Marazziti Donatella , Sbrana Alfredo , Rucci Paola , Cherici Luca , Mungai Francesco , Gonnelli Chiara , Massimetti Enrico , Raimondi Francesca , Doria Maria Rosaria , Spagnolli Sabrina , Ravani Laura , Consoli Giorgio , Osso Mario Catena Dell 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Despite the general agreement that normal jealousy is heterogenous, little is known about this specific topic.Methods: In the present study, we explored the possibility of distinguishing between four subtypes of “normal” jealousy (depressive, anxious, obsessive, and paranoid) amongst a cohort of 500 healthy university students by means of a specifically designed questionnaire, “Questionario della gelosia” (QUEGE). QUEGE is a self-report instrument of 30 items which explores the presence, frequency, and duration of feelings and behaviors related to jealousy. It was devised to investigate four hypothetical psychopathological profiles: depressive, paranoid, obsessive, and anxious.Results: The factor analysis identified five rather than four clear-cut factors: self-esteem, paranoia, interpersonal sensitivity, fear of being abandoned, and obsessionality. Women showed statistically significant lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of obsessionality than men. Younger age (<25 years) was associated with lower self-esteem and higher levels of paranoia and obsessionality, while being single was associated with lower self-esteem and higher levels of obsessionality.Conclusion: The present study provides evidence of the reliability and validity of the QUEGE instrument, which seems to identify the presence of five psychopathological dimensions within the jealousy phenomenon in the general population.