bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes of Extended Versus Intermittent Infusion of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Fan Sheung‐Yin , Shum Hoi‐Ping , Cheng Wing‐Yee , Chan Yat‐Hei , Leung Sik‐Yin McShirley , Yan Wing‐Wa 
Published: November 2016

Study ObjectiveTo determine whether critically ill patients receiving extended‐infusion (EI) piperacillin/tazobactam would have improved clinical outcomes compared with patients receiving intermittent infusions.DesignSingle‐center, open‐label, prospective study.SettingTwenty‐two–bed intensive care unit (ICU) in a regional hospital in Hong Kong.PatientsA total of 367 adults who had a diagnosis of either bacterial infection or neutropenic fever and had received treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam for at least 48 hours between December 1, 2013, and August 31, 2015.InterventionPatients were assigned to receive piperacillin/tazobactam as either a 4‐hour EI (182 patients [EI group]) or a 30‐minute intermittent infusion (185 patients [non–extended infusion (NEI) group]).Measurements and Main ResultsAll patients were followed for at least 14 days after treatment assignment. The primary outcome was the 14‐day mortality rate after initiation of piperacillin/tazobactam. Secondary outcomes included in‐hospital mortality rate, time to defervescence, duration of mechanical ventilatory support, length of ICU stay, and duration of hospital stay. Both groups demonstrated similar 14‐day mortality (11.5% in the EI group vs 15.7% in the NEI group, p=0.29). The mean time to defervescence was significantly reduced in the EI group (4 days in the EI group vs 6 days in the NEI group, p=0.01); no significant differences between groups were noted in the other secondary outcomes. An Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 29.5 or higher was found to strongly predict 14‐day mortality (p=0.03) by Classification and Regression Tree analysis. In the post hoc analyses, a 14‐day mortality benefit was demonstrated in patients in the EI group in whom infectious organisms were identified (mortality rate 9.3% in the EI group vs 22.4% in the NEI group, p=0.01) and in whom respiratory tract infection was diagnosed (mortality rate 8.9% in the EI group vs 18.7% in the NEI group, p=0.02).ConclusionBoth the EI and NEI groups demonstrated similar 14‐day mortality. Post hoc subgroup analysis revealed a mortality benefit in patients in the EI group who had infectious organisms identified or were diagnosed with respiratory tract infections.
High pressure ethylene polymerization with a post‐metallocene bis‐phenyl phenoxy catalyst
Authors: Ewart Sean W. , Karjala Thomas W. , Demirors Mehmet 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe use of post‐metallocene bis‐phenylphenoxy catalysts to polymerize ethylene under high ethylene pressures (>25,000 psi) results in some remarkable catalytic properties. The high ethylene pressure produces molar ethylene concentrations in the reactor as much as 40 times higher than in typical low pressure ethylene polymerizations. This high ethylene concentration results in high catalyst efficiency at high temperatures and low reactor residence time, between 180 °C and 240 °C the catalyst efficiency surprisingly increases with increasing temperature, allowing for use of these catalysts at temperatures much higher than can be utilized in the low pressure processes. It has further been demonstrated that under these conditions increasing hydrogen levels up to 0.5 mol% does not significantly affect the polymer molecular weight; however, polymer molecular weight control can be realized with varying reactor temperature. The polymer produced is shown to be high density polyethylene made from a single site catalyst and not free radical initiated low density polymer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 861–866
A di‐tert‐butyl acrylate monomer for controlled radical photopolymerization
Authors: Page Zachariah A. , Bou Zerdan Raghida , Gutekunst Will R. , Anastasaki Athina , Seo Sungbaek , McGrath Alaina J. , Lunn David J. , Clark Paul G. , Hawker Craig J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTA new di‐tert‐butyl acrylate (diTBA) monomer for controlled radical polymerization is reported. This monomer complements the classical use of tert‐butyl acrylate (TBA) for synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) by increasing the density of carboxylic acids per repeat unit, while also increasing the flexibility of the carboxylic acid side‐chains. The monomer is well behaved under Cu(II)‐mediated photoinduced controlled radical polymerization and delivers polymers with excellent chain‐end fidelity at high monomer conversions. Importantly, this new diTBA monomer readily copolymerizes with TBA to further the potential for applications in areas such as dispersing agents and adsorbents. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 801–807
Development of a mechanical sexing system to improve the efficacy of an area‐wide sterile insect release programme to control American serpentine leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Canadian ornamental greenhouses
Authors: Sultan Maryam , Buitenhuis Rose , Murphy Graeme , Scott‐Dupree Cynthia D 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmerican serpentine leafminer (ASL), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), is a significant pest of greenhouse ornamental crops, and females damage leaf tissue with their ovipositor during feeding and oviposition. The sterile insect technique has been advocated as a non‐chemical alternative to currently available control methods. In area‐wide sterile insect release programmes, males act as true vectors of sterility. Females should be eliminated from a cohort of pupae prior to irradiation to maximise production economics and sterility spread. The aim of this research was to develop a mechanical sexing system based on pupal size to reduce the proportion of ASL females.RESULTSCumulative frequency distributions were used to examine significant differences in male and female pupal length and dorsal and lateral width distributions. Optimum size cut‐off points based on the largest differences in distribution curves were used to determine the dimensions of three different sieve designs. Sieve pores measuring 1.543 mm by 0.765 mm excluded 76% of female pupae and doubled the proportion of males in the throughput sample.CONCLUSIONPupal sexual dimorphisms identified in this research can be used to design a sieve to aid in reducing the proportion of females prior to irradiation, thus improving the efficacy of an area‐wide sterile insect release programme. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
VRS: a values‐based reputation system for web services
Authors: Hsu Fu‐Hau , Hsu Yu‐Liang , Hwang Yan‐Ling , Chen Li‐Han , Wang Chuan‐Sheng , Tso Chang‐Kuo , Liu Szu‐Chi , Lin Po‐Ching , Hsu Chi‐Hsien 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe reputation system is used to display the reputation of entities based on the ratings or appraisals given by users who have used or purchased those entities. Web service providers supply various reputation systems for their users. However, these promising reputation systems face some challenges. First, even though different persons have different preference and values (values are a person's beliefs about what things are good or bad), these systems still give the same rating to the same entity for all users. Second, they may be greatly influenced by Sybil attacks. In this paper, we propose a reputation system, called values‐based reputation system (VRS), to solve the aforementioned problems. VRS customizes the rating of an entity for each user based on the ratings of the entities provided by other users who have similar values or preference to the user. Experimental results on 256 users show that compared with existing reputation systems VRS is more robust to Sybil attacks and provides a recommendation rating that is closer to the rating given by the user after it used the related entity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is work keeping us from acting healthy? How workplace barriers and facilitators impact nutrition and exercise behaviors
Authors: Mazzola Joseph J. , Moore J. Taylor , Alexander Katherine 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify common barriers and facilitators to healthy nutrition and exercise behaviors in the workplace and examine their relationships to those actual daily health behaviors. We utilized a concurrent embedded mixed methods approach to collect data from 93 participants over the span of four days. Participants reported 2.80 nutrition and 3.28 exercise barriers on average over the 4 days, while reporting 2.93 nutrition and 1.98 exercise facilitators in the same timeframe. Results indicated that workload and temptations around the office prevented nutritious eating; exercise behaviors were frequently hindered by workload. The most commonly mentioned eating facilitator was proper planning, while having time to exercise facilitated physical activity. Furthermore, the number of barriers reported negatively related to their respective health behaviors (i.e., more nutrition barriers translated to poorer nutrition habits) and facilitators were positively related to them, both overall and more so on the specific day they were reported. The implications of these finding show the importance of barriers/facilitators in the workplace and aid in the creation of more targeted health promotion that could increase positive employee health behaviors by eliminating common barriers and enhancing facilitators.
A Glycovariant of Human CD44 is Characteristically Expressed on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Pachón-Peña Gisela , Donnelly Conor , Ruiz-Cañada Catalina , Katz Adam , Fernández-Veledo Sonia , Vendrell Joan , Sackstein Robert 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The clinical effectiveness of systemically administered human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) depends on their capacity to engage vascular endothelium. hMSCs derived from bone marrow (BM-hMSCs) natively lack endothelial binding capacity, but express a CD44 glycovariant containing N-linked sialyllactosamines that can be α(1,3)-fucosylated using fucosyltransferase-VI (FTVI) to enforce sLeX decorations, thereby creating hematopoietic cell E-/L-selectin ligand (HCELL). HCELL expression programs potent shear-resistant adhesion of circulating cells to endothelial beds expressing E-selectin. An alternative source of hMSCs is adipose tissue (A-hMSCs), and we assessed whether A-hMSCs bind E-selectin and/or possess sialyllactosamine-decorated CD44 accessible to α(1,3)-fucosylation. Similar to BM-hMSCs, we found that A-hMSCs natively lack E-selectin ligands, but FTVI-mediated cell surface α(1,3)-fucosylation induces sLeX expression and robust E-selectin binding secondary to conversion of CD44 into HCELL. Moreover, treatment with the α(1,3)-fucosyltransferase-FTVII also generated expression of HCELL on both BM-hMSCs and A-hMSCs, with sLeX decorations created on N-linked glycans of the “standard” CD44 (CD44s) isoform. The finding that hMSCs from both source tissues each lack native E-selectin ligand expression prompted examination of the expression of glycosyltransferases that direct lactosaminyl glycan synthesis. These studies reveal that both types of hMSCs conspicuously lack transcripts encoding α(1,3)-fucosyltransferases, but equally express glycosyltransferases critical to creation of sialyllactosamines. Collectively, these data indicate that assembly of a sialyllactosaminyl-decorated CD44s glycovariant is a conserved feature of hMSCs derived from adipose tissue and marrow, thus identifying a CD44 glycosignature of these cells and supporting the applicability of cell surface α(1,3)-fucosylation in programming migration of systemically administered A-hMSCs to sites of tissue injury/inflammation.
Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem (Stromal) Cells: Biology and Preclinical Evidence for Therapeutic Potential for Organ Dysfunction Following Trauma or Sepsis
Authors: Matthay Michael A. , Pati Shibani , Lee Jae-Woo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Several experimental studies have provided evidence that bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSC) may be effective in treating critically ill surgical patients who develop traumatic brain injury, acute renal failure, or the acute respiratory distress syndrome. There is also preclinical evidence that MSC may be effective in treating sepsis-induced organ failure, including evidence that MSC have antimicrobial properties. This review considers preclinical studies with direct relevance to organ failure following trauma, sepsis or major infections that apply to critically ill patients. Progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of benefit, including MSC release of paracrine factors, transfer of mitochondria, and elaboration of exosomes and microvesicles. Regardless of how well they are designed, preclinical studies have limitations in modeling the complexity of clinical syndromes, especially in patients who are critically ill. In order to facilitate translation of the preclinical studies of MSC to critically ill patients, there will need to be more standardization regarding MSC production with a focus on culture methods and cell characterization. Finally, well designed clinical trials will be needed in critically ill patient to assess safety and efficacy.
Potential trophic cascades triggered by the barred owl range expansion
Authors: Holm Samantha R. , Noon Barry R. , Wiens J. David , Ripple William J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTRecently, the barred owl (Strix varia) has expanded its range into the Pacific Northwest of the United States resulting in pronounced effects on the demography and behavior of the northern spotted owl (S. occidentalis caurina). The range expansion has brought together historically allopatric species, creating the potential for significant changes in the avian predator community with possible cascading effects on food‐web dynamics. The adverse effects of the barred owl on the behavior and demography of the northern spotted owl are well‐documented, but little is known about the immediate and long‐term effects changes in the predator community may have on native species composition and ecosystem processes. Based on northern spotted owl and barred owl selection for diet and habitat resources, there is a potential for trophic cascades within the region's predator and prey communities, differing responses by their shared and unique prey species, and possible direct and indirect effects on ecosystem processes. We explored the possible ecological consequences of the barred owl range expansion to wildlife communities of the Pacific Northwest based on the theoretical underpinnings of predator–prey relationships, interspecific competition, intraguild predation, and potential cascading trophic interactions. Negative effects on fitness of northern spotted owls because of interspecific competition with barred owls are strong selection forces that may contribute to the regional extinction of the northern spotted owl. In addition, we posit that shared prey species and those uniquely consumed by barred owls, along with other competing native predators, may experience changes in behavior, abundance, and distribution as a result of increased rates of predation by rapidly expanding populations of barred owls. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Integrated Water Resources Management as a New Approach to Water Security
Authors: Graefe Olivier 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAccess to safe water is a worldwide problem facing three quarters of a billion people every day. The problem of access to water is not primarily due to an overall scarcity of water, but rather the unequal geographical and seasonal distribution of the water resources. The key issue at stake here is, how to make water available. The new approach presented by international institutions for improving water access is Integrated Water Resource Management. This chapter questions this new approach and highlights the depoliticizing implications.
Challenges to Food Security in a Changing World
Authors: Spiess Walter E. L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe next decades will see dramatic climatic changes and a pronounced population growth Asia—accompanied by the formation of huge human agglomerations, megacities—followed by increasing numbers of people in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean; North America and Oceania will experience a moderate population growth whereas the EU will face a shrinking population. Unfortunately regions with the highest population growth are those were most people are living in precarious conditions especially in SS Africa and to some extent in South East Asia. To feed the 9 billion people any effort has to be undertaken to utilize and exploit the available resources in a sustainable way and to minimize the interventions into the environment. Factors of relevance are competitive biofuel production, the extension of the Food Chain into the Mega-City household, minimizing of food losses by applying new communication systems and supporting Food Sovereignty efforts of Developing countries.
Moral Economies of Food in the Socialist/Post-socialist World
Authors: Wilson Marisa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis chapter explains how economic activities become associated with moral understandings such as the ‘right’ way to provision food. It shows how such moral economies developed in Western Europe under the headings “liberalism” and “socialism” and gives examples of ways each is actualised in the production, exchange and consumption of food. Historical and present-day ideas about “the right way” to provision food have real-life effects, illustrated by the way fruit is traded globally. The chapter concludes with a detailed example of the socialist moral economy of food in Cuba, showing how socialist ideas about how food “should be” provisioned affect people in everyday life.
The Nutrition Transition in Developing Asia: Dietary Change, Drivers and Health Impacts
Authors: Kelly Matthew 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis chapter reviews the likely consequences of dietary change for human health and wellbeing in Asia where a transition is occurring from diets dominated by low fat, high fibre foods to increased consumption of processed and packaged convenience foods. These foods are higher in fats, sugars and salt and are linked to increased rates of diet-related non-communicable disease. The chapter traces between-country differences and considers the drivers of dietary change including economic growth and rising incomes, the effects of urbanization and changing family size, the industrialization of food systems and the liberalization of world trade. While levels of malnutrition have declined throughout the region, rates of obesity ad overweight have increased raising challenging questions for nutrition policy planners.
Histology is a Prognostic Indicator After Pulmonary Metastasectomy from Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ohtaki Yoichi , Shimizu Kimihiro , Aokage Keiju , Nakao Masayuki , Yoshida Junji , Kamiyoshihara Mitsuhiro , Sugano Masayuki , Takahashi Yusuke , Nakazawa Seshiru , Nagashima Toshiteru , Obayashi Kai , Hishida Tomoyuki , Tsuboi Masahiro , Mori Shohei , Mun Mingyon , Okumura Sakae , Igai Hitoshi , Matsutani Noriyuki , Mogi Akira , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesThere are only a few detailed reports concerning the prognosticators following surgical resection of pulmonary metastases (PMs) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We investigated the prognosis of patients with RCC PMs undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy and identified prognostic factors in a multi‐institutional retrospective study.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 84 patients who underwent resection of PMs from RCC between 1993 and 2014. We assessed the clinicopathological characteristics, focusing on the histological findings of PMs. We classified the histology into three types: pure clear cell carcinoma (N = 68), clear cell carcinoma combined with other histology type (N = 8), and non‐clear cell carcinoma (N = 8). We examined the relationship between these histological types and the prognosis of patients with PMs from RCC.ResultsComplete resection was achieved in 78 patients (93%). The 5‐year overall survival rate after metastasectomy was 59.7%. In multivariate analysis, three factors were found to be independent favorable prognostic factors of overall survival after lung metastasectomy [tumor size <2 cm, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.78, P = 0.012; clear cell type, HR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.16–0.83, P = 0.025; and complete resection, HR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.10–0.78, P = 0.015].ConclusionsThis study indicates that a histological finding of the clear cell type is a significant favorable prognostic factor in addition to complete resection and a tumor size <2 cm. Histological evaluation of PM lesions is important for predicting survival after metastasectomy.
Sleeve Gastrectomy Combined with the Simplified Hill Repair in the Treatment of Morbid Obesity and Gastro‐esophageal Reflux Disease: Preliminary Results in 14 Patients
Authors: Gero Daniel , Ribeiro‐Parenti Lara , Arapis Konstantinos , Marmuse Jean‐Pierre 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundOur aim is to report our initial experience with a novel technique which addresses morbid obesity and gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD) simultaneously by combination of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and simplified laparoscopic Hill repair (sLHR).MethodsRetrospective analysis of LSG+sLHR patients >5 months postoperatively includes demographics, GERD status, proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) use, body mass index (BMI), excess BMI loss (EBMIL), complications and GERD‐Health Related Quality of Life (GERD‐HRQL) questionnaire. LSG+sLHR surgical technique: posterior cruroplasty, standard LSG, fixation of the esophagogastric junction to the median arcuate ligament.ResultsFourteen patients underwent LSG+sLHR [12 women and 2 men, mean (range) age 47 years (27–57), BMI 41 kg/m2 (35–65)]. Five patients had previous gastric banding (GB). All had symptomatic GERD confirmed by gastroscopy and/or upper‐gastrointestinal contrast study, two with chronic cough, 10 took PPI daily. Twelve had hiatus hernia and two patulous cardia at surgical exploration. Associated interventions were three GB removals and one cholecystectomy. Postoperative complication was one surgical site infection. Follow‐up of all patients at median 12.5 months (5–17) is as follows: symptomatic GERD 3/14 patients, chronic cough 0/14, daily PPI use in 1/14, mean EBMIL 68% (17–120), satisfaction 93%, mean GERD‐HRQL score 3,28/50 (0–15), with 4 patients 0/50, occasional bloatedness in 2 patients and dysphagia not reported.ConclusionThe novel technique which combines LSG with sLHR is feasible, safe and can be associated with GB removal. Preliminary results showed patient satisfaction, high remission rate of preexisting GERD, decrease in PPI use and unimpaired weight loss. Further evaluation is necessary in a controlled and staged manner to establish the technique’s real effectiveness.