bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthesia for Middle Ear Surgeries and Cochlear Implant
Authors: Kosare Suchita 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe attending anesthesiologist face several challenges in safe conduction of anesthesia for middle ear and cochlear implantation surgeries. Preoperative challenges includes counseling elderly patients with impaired hearing and counseling the parents of children with congenital ear anomalies, thorough evaluation of these patient with several comorbidities. Intraoperative challenges are to provide bloodless field, head positioning, effect of nitrous oxide on middle ear, facial nerve monitoring and avoid electrical disturbances due to electrocautery during stimulation of the cochlear implant electrode assembly. Postoperative challenges includes smooth and calm recovery, prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and excellent analgesia. A close understanding and cooperation between the anesthesiologist and surgeon is the key for a positive outcome.How to cite this articleMadan HK, Kosare S. Anesthesia for Middle Ear Surgeries and Cochlear Implant. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(1):1-9.
Anticipated Difficult Airway in Ear, Nose and Throat Procedures
Authors: Baldwa Namita Mahesh 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Contrary to general and obstetric populations, where difficult airway is widely studied and well documented, it requires further research in elective and emergency ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgeries. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) has published practice guidelines for the management of difficult airway, which help us deal with it perioperatively. All patients posted for ENT surgeries with difficult airway should be evaluated preoperatively and the strategy for management of difficult intubation as well as extubation chalked out. In the event, that the primary approach fails, the secondary plan should always be clear preoperatively, to reduce morbidity and mortality.

How to cite this article
Baldwa NM. Anticipated Difficult Airway in Ear, Nose and Throat Procedures. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(1):10-16.
Anesthetic Considerations in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Ubale Pravin Virappa 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTFunctional endoscopic sinus surgery is among the most challenging of ENT procedures for a variety of reasons including the need for immobility, hemostasis, and, especially, gentle emergence from anesthesia. Anesthesiologists have contributed significantly, using different anesthetic techniques to control intraoperative hemorrhage, thus significantly improving visualization of the surgical field.How to cite this articleUbale PV. Anesthetic Considerations in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(1):22-27.
Ear, Nose and Throat Emergencies and Anesthesia
Authors: Bawankar Tushar 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Ear, nose and throat (ENT) emergency procedures demand significant anesthetic challenges. Variety of emergency conditions like deep neck space infections (Ludwig's angina, retropharyngeal, parapharyngeal abscess), acute onset of stridor, epiglottitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, inhaled foreign bodies, facial injuries, etc. are a challenge to both the surgeon and the anesthesiologist and communication and cooperation is vital. Priority in emergency is to clear and secure the airway and consider requirement of ‘shared airway’. Preferred anesthesia and airway technique include awake flexible fiberoptic (FOB) guided intubation in cooperative patients’ and an inhalational induction in uncooperative patient or tracheostomy. Anticipation, vigilance, readiness for difficult intubation, emergency tracheostomy and team work is essential while managing ENT emergency procedures.

How to cite this article
Harde M, Bawankar T, Bhadade R. Ear, Nose and Throat Emergencies and Anesthesia. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(1):28-34.
Chronic Pain Management in ENT Disorders
Authors: Sahu Anjana 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Chronic pain of otorhinolaryngology is considered to be the most disturbing and annoying condition. Suffering from chronic pain renders patient to loose his interest and ability to do the work. It may be responsible for many days lost from workplace, which affect directly or indirectly his quality of life. Patient may suffer from emotional and mental disturbances along with physical pain. Trigeminal neuralgia, cluster headache, otalgia, sphenopalatine and glossopharyngeal neuralgia and cancer pain are the some examples of chronic pain related to otorhinolaryngology. Multidisciplinary approach to treat the chronic pain helps the patients to get rid of their suffering and maintain their normal lifestyle.

How to cite this article
Sahu A. Chronic Pain Management in ENT Disorders. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(1):35-39.
Cities and Wetlands
Authors: Giblett Rod 
Published: October 2016

From New Orleans to New York, from London to Paris to Venice, many of the world’s great cities were built on wetlands and swamps. Cities and Wetlands is the first book to explore the literary and cultural histories of these cities and their relationships to their environments and buried histories. Developing a ground-breaking new mode of psychoanalytic ecology and surveying a wide range of major cities in North America and Europe, ecocritic and activist Rod Giblett shows how the wetland origins of these cities haunt their later literature and culture and might prompt us to reconsider the relationship between human culture and the environment.
Cities covered include: Berlin, Boston, Chicago, Hamburg, London, New Orleans, New York, Paris, St. Petersburg, Toronto, Venice and Washington.
The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Chinese Philosophy Methodologies
Authors: Tan Sor-hoon 
Published: October 2016

The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Chinese Philosophy Methodologies presents a new understanding of the changing methods used to study Chinese philosophy. By identifying the various different approaches and discussing the role, and significance of philosophical methods in the Chinese tradition, this collection identifies difficulties and exciting developments for scholars of Asian philosophy.
Divided into four parts, the nature of Chinese philosophical thought is illuminated by discussing historical developments, current concerns and methodological challenges. Surveying recent methodological trends, this research companion explores and evaluates the methodologies that have been applied to Chinese philosophy. From these diverse angles, an international team of experts reflect on the considerations that enter their methodological choices and indicate new research directions. The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Chinese Philosophy Methodologies is an important contribution to the education of the next generation of Chinese philosophers.
Corneal Higher-Order Aberrations after Phacoemulsification: A Comparison of 3 Different Incision Sizes
Authors: von Sonnleithner Christoph , Pilger Daniel , Homburg David , Brockmann Tobias , Torun Necip , Bertelmann Eckart 
Published: October 2016

Purpose To analyze the impact of different incision sizes for phacoemulsification on corneal higher-order aberrations (HOA). Methods Patients seeking cataract surgery were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: 1.4 mm with biaxial microincision phacoemulsification (25 eyes), 1.8 mm with coaxial phacoemulsification (27 eyes), and 2.2 mm with coaxial phacoemulsification (62 eyes). Inclusion criteria were a minimum age of 18 years and uncomplicated cataract. Exclusion criteria were history of ocular trauma or intraocular surgery, any sign of inflammation or infection, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, glaucoma, optic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, lens dislocation, cataracta intumescens, cataracta matura, and corneal diseases. Patients underwent phacoemulsification with implantation of an intraocular lens. Aberrometry was performed using an iTrace aberrometer with a pupil scan size of 5.0 mm preoperatively and at postoperative follow-up visits after 1 month. The paired sample t test and analysis of covariance were used for statistical analysis. Results Ninety patients (114 eyes) were enrolled (mean age 73.7 ± 8.9 years). In all groups, an increase of total HOAs could be measured. The strongest increase was seen in the 2.2 mm group (mean difference 0.031 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.006-0.056], p = 0.014) and in the 1.4 mm group (mean difference 0.035 [95% CI -0.007 to 0078], p = 0.097). No important difference was found in the 1.8 mm group. Conclusions The 2.2 mm and the 1.4 mm incisions seem to have a higher impact on corneal HOAs in comparison to the 1.8 mm incision.
Adjunctive Triamcinolone Acetonide for Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Yazdani Shahin , Doozandeh Azadeh , Pakravan Mohammad , Ownagh Vahid , Yaseri Mehdi 
Published: October 2016

Purpose To evaluate the effect of intraoperative sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) as an adjunct to Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation. Methods In this triple-blind randomized clinical trial, 104 eyes with refractory glaucoma were randomly assigned to conventional AGV (non-TA group) or AGV with adjunctive triamcinolone (TA group). In the TA group, 10 mg TA was injected in the sub-Tenon space around the AGV plate intraoperatively. Patients were followed for 1 year. The main outcome measure was intraocular pressure (IOP). Other outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), occurrence of hypertensive phase (HP), peak IOP, number of antiglaucoma medications, and complications. Results A total of 90 patients were included in the final analysis. Mean IOP was lower in the TA group at most follow-up visits; however, the difference was statistically significant only at the first month (p = 0.004). Linear mixed model showed that mean IOP was 1.5 mm Hg lower in the TA group throughout the study period (p = 0.006). Peak postoperative IOP was significantly lower in the TA group (19.3 ± 4.8 mm Hg versus 29 ± 9.2 mm Hg, p = 0.032). Rates of success (defined as 6 < IOP <21 mm Hg) were similar in both groups at 12 months. There was no difference in the occurrence of the HP between the 2 groups (p = 0.123). Loss of BCVA >2 lines was more common in the non-TA group (p = 0.032). Conclusions Adjunctive intraoperative TA injection during AGV implantation can blunt peak IOP levels and reduce mean IOP up to 1 year. Visual outcomes also seem to be superior to standard surgery.
Transpositional Periacetabular Osteotomy with Allografting in Patients with Severe Dysplasia: Mid-Term Results
Authors: Sonohata Motoki , Yonekura Yutaka , Kitajima Masaru , Kawano Syunsuke , Mawatari Masaaki 
Published: October 2016

Aim The purpose of this study was to analyse the extent of surgical correction and the early clinical results obtained using periacetabular osteotomy with allogenic bone grafting in patients with severe acetabular dysplasia. Methods 44 hips in 38 patients were confirmed to have severe acetabular dysplasia and underwent this procedure. The mean follow-up period was 4.2 (range 1.5-8.2) years. Severe acetabular dysplasia was defined as a centre-edge angle less than 0°, an acetabular-head index less than 50% and an acetabular roof obliquity greater than 30°. Periacetabular osteotomy was performed with transpositional osteotomy of the acetabulum. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the radiographic appearance: 34 hips in the early stage group and 10 hips in the advanced stage group. Postoperatively, the hips were radiographically assessed for dysplasia correction. The clinical results and hip function were measured using the Harris Hip Score. Results The average pre-operative Harris Hip Score improved from 70 to 91 points at the latest follow-up. The average centre-edge angle, acetabular-head index and acetabular roof obliquity improved from −9° to 36°, 41% to 91% and 31° to 2°, respectively. Continuity of the Shenton line improved from 15 to 35 hips. No instances of nonunion or of transported segment collapse were encountered in this series; however, a grafted allogenic bone was absorbed in 1 case. Conclusions The usage of allogenic bone grafting combined with periacetabular osteotomy is an effective technique for treating severe acetabular dysplasia. In this series, the early clinical and radiographic results were excellent.
Pre-Operative Planning of Total Hip Arthroplasty on Dysplastic Acetabuli
Authors: Lakstein Dror , Tan Zachary , Oren Nugzar , Mäkinen Tatu Johannes , Gross Allan E. , Safir Oleg 
Published: October 2016

Background When performing total hip arthroplasty (THA) on a dysplastic hip, proper positioning of the acetabular component may not allow for more than 70% coverage. Structural support in the form of an autograft or a high porosity metal augment may be necessary. The purpose of the study was to investigate the value of pre-operative templating and deformity classification in predicting cup coverage and the need for structural support. Methods 65 cases of THA for DDH were retrospectively analysed. 2 observers independently classified each dysplastic hip according to Hartofilakidis and determined the extent of cup coverage via templating software on pre-operative digital AP pelvic radiographs. Results Weighted kappa interobserver agreement was 0.68 for cup coverage and 0.76 for Hartofilakidis type. Structural support was necessary in 10 hips. No structural support was necessary in Hartofilakidis type 1, dysplasia cases. However, 27-30% of cases with type 2 or type 3 dysplasia required structural support. All cases with templated cup coverage of 65% or less required structural support. Templated coverage within 65-75% and over 75% resulted in 20% and 10% of patients receiving structural augmentation, respectively. Conclusions Pre-Operative planning for THA in the setting of hip dysplasia is crucial and can provide valuable insight to the need for column augmentation. However, the 3-D severity of the deformity may be underestimated in the 2-D radiographs.
Complications and Short-Term Patient Outcomes of Periacetabular Osteotomy for Symptomatic Mild Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Ricciardi Benjamin F. , Fields Kara G. , Wentzel Catherine , Nawabi Danyal H. , Kelly Bryan T. , Sink Ernest L. 
Published: October 2016

Introduction The purpose of our study is to identify complications and early functional outcome scores in patients treated with periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for mild acetabular dysplasia. Methods The study population consisted of patients from a single centre prospective hip registry undergoing PAO with mild acetabular dysplasia (LCEA ≥18° and ≤25°; n = 27 patients; Mild Dysplasia group). A comparison group of patients undergoing PAO with more severe acetabular dysplasia (lateral centre-edge angle [LCEA] ≤17°; n = 50 patients; Severe Dysplasia group) were included as a comparison cohort. Demographics, radiographic findings, complications, and functional outcome scores were recorded at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively (mean 15 months [range 6-30]). Results Demographic characteristics were similar in patients with mild dysplasia undergoing PAO compared with more severe dysplasia. Achievement of radiological correction and complication rates were not different between the 2 groups. Functional outcome scores showed similar improvements in modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), hip outcome score (HOS) activities of daily living (ADL), HOS Sport, and the international Hip Outcome Tool-33 (iHOT-33) at all time points between the 2 groups with over 90% of patients in the mild dysplasia group achieving a minimum important change (MIC) in functional outcome scores at final follow-up. Discussion Patients with symptomatic mild acetabular dysplasia undergoing PAO have similar complication rates and functional outcomes as a cohort of patients with more severe dysplasia.
Feasibility of Day-Case Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Single-Centre Observational Study
Authors: Larsen Jens Rolighed , Skovgaard Birgitte , Prynø Thomas , Bendikas Laimonas , Mikkelsen Lone R. , Laursen Malene , Høybye Mette T. , Mikkelsen Søren , Jørgensen Lene Bastrup 
Published: October 2016

Introduction Recent reports indicate that total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be further accelerated and might be managed as day-case. This could provide benefits to health care expenditure, lower patient risks and change patient satisfaction. We evaluated the feasibility, efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction of same-day (≤12 hours) THA operation and discharge. Methods Consecutive patients were screened for eligibility (primary THA, ASA 1 or 2 physical status) and the presence of a support person to follow the patient for 48 hours postoperatively in an observational study. THA was managed as day-case (≤12 hours) through patient selection, pre-operative patient education programme, light spinal anaesthesia, low opioid usage, and early mobilisation. Efficacy and logistics were analysed and compared to current accelerated practice. Patient satisfaction was compared to existing fast-track THA and elective surgery cohorts. Results 29 consecutive patients were screened and 20 participated (69%). 17/20 patients (85%) were released on the day of surgery. There were no serious adverse events or complications, and no infections or readmission at 6-week follow-up. Patient overall satisfaction rating ( 1 – 5 ) was high (4.75), higher than in a 301-patient cohort (4.53) (THA and total knee arthroplasty) from the same centre (p = 0.23), and higher than in a national, elective surgery cohort (4.3) (p = 0.04). Conclusions We report the feasibility of day-case THA. Safety, complications and overall patient acceptance were satisfactory. Light spinal anaesthesia facilitated quick transit through postanaesthesia care unit to early mobilisation. Support persons and patient education may play a part in high patient acceptance of day-case surgery.
Metal Ion Levels in Ceramic-on-Ceramic THR with Cobalt-Chrome Modular Necks: Analysis of Cobalt and Chromium Serum Levels in 23 Healthy Hip Patients
Authors: Somers Jan F.A. , Dedrye Lieven , Goeminne Sofie 
Published: October 2016

Background Modular necks in total hip replacement (THR) can be a source of metal ion release. Methods We measured the level of cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) ions in the serum of 23 healthy volunteers with a well-functioning ceramic-on-ceramic THR of a particular design, containing a cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr) stem and a Co-Cr modular neck. Results Average Co in serum was 1,71 μg/l; median Co was 1.50 μg/l. No patient had Co levels higher than 3.70 μg/l. Average Cr level was 0.49 μg/l; in all but one patient Cr was below the detection limit (≤0.50 μg/l). Co was higher for varus necks compared to all other subtypes: 2.14 μg/l vs 1.58 μg/l (p≤0.05). The same system with Titanium modular necks shows lower Co serum levels: 1.26 μg/l (p≤0.01). In conclusion, the hybrid THR Profemur Xm® – Procotyle L® with a Co-Cr modular neck on a Co-Cr stem design shows very low Cr ion serum levels in a randomly selected group of well-functioning hip patients. Conclusions Co ion serum levels are low, but significantly higher for 8° varus necks, and Co levels are significantly higher than values of this system with a Titanium modular neck.
Revision Rates for Metal-on-Metal Hip Resurfacing and Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty – A Systematic Review
Authors: Ras Sørensen Sofie-Amalie L. , Jørgensen Henrik L. , Sporing Sune L. , Lauritzen Jes B. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose To compare revision rates of metal-on-metal (MoM) hip resurfacing (HRS) and MoM total hip arthroplasty (THA), as well as the primary causes for revisions. Methods The PubMed database was queried for potentially relevant articles addressing MoMTHA and MoMHRS, a total of 51 articles were included. Results The review includes a total number of 5,399 MoMHRS and 3,244 THA prosthesis and the reasons for prosthesis failure were divided into 7 categories and the main causes discussed. The overall MoMTHA revision rate was 4.7% after 6.9 years. MoMHRS revision rate was 5.9% after 5.7 years. The odds ratio was 1.25 (1.03:1.53) 95% CI (p = 0.03) (MoMHRS vs. MoMTHA). The studies of hip prostheses were separated into 2 categories of short- and long-term (more or less than 5 years). Short-term revision rate for MoMTHA was 4.5% after 4.8 years, and for MoMHRS 4.0% after 4.2 years. The odds ratio was 1.09 (0.82:1.43) 95% CI (0 = 0.56) (MoMTHA vs. MoMHRS). Long-term revision rate for MoMTHA was 5.2% after 7.7 years and 8.2% after 7.6 years for MoMHRS. The odds ratio was 1.58 (1.53:1.96) 95% CI (p = 0.0001) (MoMHRS vs. MoMTHA). Revision causes were divided into 7 main categories. The most common cause for revision for both MoMTHA and MoMHRS was loosening 47.6% vs. 37.7%, fracture (MoMTHA 7.69%; MoMHRS 19.62%), metal reactions (MoMTHA 7.69%; MoMHRS 26.92%) infection (MoMTHA 12.08%; MoMHRS 6.54%), instability (MoMTHA 9.13%; MoMHRS 2.69%), manufacturer defect 6.73% for MoMTHA and nonreported for MoMHRS, and miscellaneous (MoMTHA 7.69%; MoMHRS 6.54%) was stated. Interpretation The comparison of MoMHRS and MoMTHA revision rates showed no difference in the short term, however in the longer term, the revision rate of MoMHRS was significantly higher than for MoMTHA. The linear increase in revision rate of MoMHRS may indicate a progression in failure.
Raman Imaging of Layered Soft Contact Lenses
Authors: Krysztofiak Katarzyna , Ciężar Kamila , Kościński Mikołaj 
Published: October 2016

Background Daily disposable contact lenses are gaining in popularity among practitioners and wearers for the improved ocular health and subjective outcomes they offer. Recently a novel daily disposable contact lens material with water gradient technology was introduced. Delefilcon A lenses consist of a 33% water content silicone hydrogel core and an outer hydrogel layer which is totally free of silicone and contains 80% water. Methods The aim of the present study was to confirm the layered structure of delefilcon A contact lenses. Thickness of hydrogel coating on the silicone hydrogel core was assessed using Raman spectroscopy. To investigate the layered structure of the material, depth spectra of the lenses were recorded. Results The results obtained suggest that at about 6 μm a boundary between the hydrogel layer and silicone hydrogel core exists, which is in good agreement with the manufacturer's data. Conclusions Data collected in this experiment confirm a water gradient at the delefilcon A lens surface.