bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O PAPEL DO TRANSPORTE NA LOGÍSTICA DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE UMA EMPRESA DE TORREFAÇÃO E MOAGEM EM EUSÉBIO – CEARÁ
Authors: Costa Larisse Oliveira 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel do transporte na logística de distribuição e os custos relacionados ao setor de logística, principalmente com foco no papel do transporte em relação a esses custos. Para esta pesquisa, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura abordando a logistica, a Supply Chain Management, bem como as operações de distribuição física e transportes. por meio de um estudo de caso realizado em uma empresa de torrefação e moagem de café, o resultado da pesquisa confirmou que o setor de transporte tem uma participação relativa para o setor de logística. A partir do estudo de caso, foi sugerido para a empresa que fosse feito um gerenciamento mais rigoroso com atenção maior nos indicadores da logística, e que, se fossem bem gerenciados, poderiam ser fatores com o potencial de minimizar os custos do transporte na distribuição.
Executive Suite Independence: Is It Related to Board Independence?
Authors: Kim E. Han , Lu Yao 
Published: January 2017

The executive suite and the board are closely bound to each other through their fiduciary responsibility to the same shareholders. With chief executive officers’ (CEOs) prominent role in both governing bodies, their independence from CEOs’ self-serving behavior might be related to each other. We explore the interdependence using an external shock increasing board independence. The shock weakens executive suite independence by increasing CEO connectedness within executive suites through appointments and preexisting social ties. We also uncover interesting dynamics between the two governing bodies: (1) the spillover does not occur when treated firms increase CEO-independent director social ties, suggesting CEO-executive connections and CEO-director connections are substitutes; (2) consistent with theories of board independence, when an information environment calls for dependent boards, increasing CEO-executive connections, which helps negate the shock effect on the board, has positive marginal effects on firm performance. Our findings are not driven by the Sarbanes–Oxley Act and are robust to a battery of other tests. We conclude that independence in the board and executive suite are inversely related; inferring the overall independence from board independence alone can be highly misleading. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2603 . This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Efficacy of Peer Support Arrangements to Increase Peer Interaction and AAC Use
Authors: Biggs Elizabeth E. , Carter Erik W. , Gustafson Jenny 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSupporting interaction in inclusive settings between students with complex communication needs (CCN) and their peers requires careful planning and support. We used a multiple-probe-across-participants design to investigate the efficacy of collaborative planning and peer support arrangements to increase peer interaction in inclusive classrooms. Participants were four middle school students with CCN who had an intellectual disability and used an iPad with Proloquo2Go as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Educational teams comprised of a special educator, general educator, paraprofessional, and speech-language pathologist participated in collaborative planning for the intervention. For all four students, the intervention substantially increased communication to and from their peers. AAC use increased for one student. We offer implications for research and practice on supporting social interaction in general education settings.
Abortion Incidence and Service Availability In the United States, 2014
Authors: Jones Rachel K. , Jerman Jenna 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCONTEXTNational and state‐level information about abortion incidence can help inform policies and programs intended to reduce levels of unintended pregnancy.METHODSIn 2015–2016, all U.S. facilities known or expected to have provided abortion services in 2013 or 2014 were surveyed. Data on the number of abortions were combined with population data to estimate national and state‐level abortion rates. The number of abortion‐providing facilities and changes since a similar 2011 survey were also assessed. The number and type of new abortion restrictions were examined in the states that had experienced the largest proportionate changes in clinics providing abortion services.RESULTSIn 2014, an estimated 926,200 abortions were performed in the United States, 12% fewer than in 2011; the 2014 abortion rate was 14.6 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–44, representing a 14% decline over this period. The number of clinics providing abortions declined 6% between 2011 and 2014, and declines were steepest in the Midwest (22%) and the South (13%). Early medication abortions accounted for 31% of nonhospital abortions, up from 24% in 2011. Most states that experienced the largest proportionate declines in the number of clinics providing abortions had enacted one or more new restrictions during the study period, but reductions were not always associated with declines in abortion incidence.CONCLUSIONSThe relationship between abortion access, as measured by the number of clinics, and abortion rates is not straightforward. Further research is needed to understand the decline in abortion incidence.
Neurohumoral mechanisms of keratinocytes regulation in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Artemova Ekaterina Viktorovna , Gorbacheva Anna Maksimovna , Galstyan Gagik Radikovich , Tokmakova Alla Yur'evna , Gavrilova Svetlana Anatol'evna , Dedov Ivan Ivanovich 
Published: January 2017

The extent of damage to the nervous, vascular and microcirculatory systems in diabetic patients determine the regulation of physiological events that lead to the formation of chronic wounds, reduction of patient quality of life and increase of the financial value of medical care. Successful physiological repair is impossible without the successive phases of inflammation, proliferation and wound healing. Keratinocytes are the major cellular barrier components of the epidermis. These cells play an important role in physiological repair, as suggested by recent research, with many cells able to secrete steroid hormones de novo. Damage to the integrity of the skin leads to keratinocyte activation, triggering a cascade of reactions that contribute to changes in epidermal cell phenotype and lead to their proliferation and migration, analogous to changes in cellular adhesion and configuration of the cytoskeleton. An open question remains as to how the keratinocyte cell cycle, which is altered under conditions of hyperglycemia, and neurotransmitter metabolism during different stages of physiological repair are regulated. Understanding these processes will provide a scientific basis for the development of new targets for pharmacotherapies.
MicroRNAs are important regulators of drug resistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Jing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDespite of continuous development of cancer treatment over the past decades, drug resistance is still one of the major hurdles of effective therapy for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide and the understanding of its underlying mechanisms remains limited. Data which have emerged suggests that many microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to drug resistance in CRC. Major findings on miRNA functions in drug resistance of CRC are systemically reviewed here, with the goal of providing new updates to broaden our comprehension of its mechanisms and evidence to utilize miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for CRC treatment.
Pulverization Using Liquid Nitrogen Significantly Improves Physical Properties of Powder and Extraction Yield of Polysaccharides of Astragalus mongholicus
Authors: Liang Zuanhao , Du Bing , Xie Lanhua , Jiayi Zhang , Lin Fengying , Xia Yu , Zhang Yanjie 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Astragalus mongholicus is a famous traditional Chinese medicinal herb because of its human health benefits and bioactive compounds. Pulverization process directly affects quality and dissolution of bioactive compounds of A. mongholicus. In the present study, liquid nitrogen was introduced to pulverization process of A. mongholicus. The pulverization with addition of liquid nitrogen (LNP) effectively retained powder color, crushed tissue fiber, and reduced hardness of A. mongholicus. Furthermore, LNP significantly improved elasticity and solubility of the powder, as well as soluble solid contents. In addition, extraction yield of polysaccharides, characteristic bioactive compounds in A. mongholicus, was increased by 10.5 % by combination of LNP and Tween-80 enzyme extraction. These results suggest that LNP can be a promising technology for preparation of A. mongholicus powder. The information will also contribute to improvement of manufacturing technology of Chinese medicinal herb.
Taking a stance on emotion: affect, sequence, and intersubjectivity in dialogic interaction
Authors: Du Bois John W. , Kärkkäinen Elise 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the domain of affect and emotion as they arise in interaction, from the perspective of stance, sequence, and dialogicality. We seek to frame the issue of affective display as part of a larger concern with how co-participants in interaction construct the socioaffective and sociocognitive relations that organize their intersubjectivity, via collaborative practices of stance taking. We draw mainly on two research traditions, conversation analysis and the dialogic turn in sociocultural linguistics, focusing on their treatments of affect, emotion, and intersubjectivity. Key ideas from the respective approaches are the role of sequence in shaping the realization and interpretation of stance, and dialogic resonance as a process of alignment between subsequent stances. We present a view of stance as a triplex act, achieved through overt communicative means, in which participants evaluate something, and thereby position themselves, and thereby align with co-participants in interaction. Alignment is argued to operate as a continuous variable rather than a dichotomy, as participants subtly monitor and modulate the “stance differential” between them, while often maintaining a strategic ambiguity. Finally, we comment on the rich contributions to the study of stance, affect, and intersubjectivity in interaction made by the collaborators in this special issue.
On digressing with a stance and not seeking a recipient response
Authors: Kärkkäinen Elise 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper argues that stanced digressions, or inserts, produced by speakers in the midst of extended (multi-unit) turns, are not primarily designed to get a response from the recipient(s). The paper shows that speakers employ various linguistic, prosodic, and embodied resources that make the digression recognizable as such, i.e., of subsidiary status in the talk, and therefore as not in need of a response. A lack of response is treated as unproblematic by both the digression speaker and by the recipients, as both parties primarily orient to the turn as a multi-unit turn still in progress. The paper first examines audio data and keeps the linguistic format relatively constant, by focusing on inserts prefaced by
Taking a stance and getting on with it: the form and function of the Finnish finite clausal extraposition construction
Authors: Laury Ritva 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper concerns a particular grammatical construction, extraposition, and its use for assessments at points of transition between activities and topics by speakers of Finnish in ordinary conversation. A basic assumption taken here is that “recurrent clausal constructions of a language are social action formats for that language” (Thompson 2006), and that grammatical constructions such as clause types are learned and therefore routinized responses to certain types of interactional contingencies, and, at the same time, emergent from the current local context (Hopper 1987; Helasvuo 2001).The paper combines the two central perspectives developed in this issue, sequential design and dialogicality, with the study of grammar-in-interaction. It shows that the grammatical form of the Finnish extraposition construction emerges from its use by speakers for the creation of intersubjectivity through reproduction of prior talk and for the projection of stance taking to follow.
Resonance in conversational second stories: a dialogic resource for stance taking
Authors: Siromaa Maarit 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study investigates resonance (Du Bois 2003, 2007) in second stories as a method of anchoring the second telling to the previous telling and as a resource of stance taking. It takes a closer look at the exact ways in which second stories are structurally shaped through initial (first) tellings by examining the resonating elements (of the first stories) that the second tellers recycle in their second stories, i.e., resonating lexico-syntactic, structural, prosodic, and semantic elements. Tellers legitimize, firstly, their tellings by tying back to the previous story and, secondly, their stance by positioning themselves in view of the stance displayed in the previous story. The resonating second story as such can manifest the recipients' interpretation of what they make of the first story and provide a new angle on the first telling, either reinforcing, redefining, or rejecting the gist of the initial telling. Resonance in second stories manifests the fundamental social cohesion that conversationalists uphold, among other ways, by tying back to each other's words.
Prosodic imitation as a means of receiving and displaying a critical stance in classroom interaction
Authors: Tainio Liisa 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates (Finnish) classroom interaction and explores the displays of stance and the rules of emotion in this institutional multi-party setting. The main focus of the analysis is on teacher's imitation of students' talk. The starting point is to analyze stance as a situated practice in the sequential organization of interaction, in particular in sequences that contain criticism. Although it is quite common for teachers and students to criticize each other's activities during (pedagogic) interaction, criticism is treated more or less as a delicate issue. Participants deal with the emotional elements of criticism by using, for example, various prosodic practices, including prosodic imitation. Prosodic imitation is a frequent practice among students, but the teachers imitate students' turns quite rarely and only in specific sequential environments. Teachers repeat and imitate the prosodically marked students' answers that occur subsequent to teachers' critical comments on students' behavior, and the students' self-selected turns that mimic teacher-talk and convey implicit criticism in their prosody. With the help of these prosodic practices the participants are able to receive and deal with a critical stance without jeopardizing the norms, frameworks, and “rules of emotion” valid in this specific institutional setting.
Hans Rothfels und Carl Schmitt
Authors: Blasius Dirk 
Published: January 2017

Vorspann
Der nationalkonservative Historiker Hans Rothfels und der rechtsintellektuelle Jurist Carl Schmitt, zwei prominente Gelehrte der Weimarer Republik mit sehr unterschiedlichen weiteren Lebenswegen, waren persönlich nur oberflächlich miteinander bekannt. Ihre Werke aber haben sie wechselseitig aufmerksam wahrgenommen. Dirk Blasius macht die „werkgeschichtlichen Begegnungen“ zum Ausgangspunkt einer eingehenden Analyse der beiderseitigen Rezeption und arbeitet dabei signifikante Unterschiede in Denkstilen und -richtungen heraus.
Geschichte und Psychoanalyse
Authors: Moisel Claudia 
Published: January 2017

Vorspann
Warum folgte dem Paukenschlag die Stille? Warum kam es nach Erscheinen des viel beachteten, von Hans-Ulrich Wehler herausgegebenen Sammelbands „Geschichte und Psychoanalyse“ 1971 nicht zu einem produktiven Austausch zwischen der (west-)deutschen Historiografie und den psy-sciences? Claudia Moisel geht diesen Fragen nach und plädiert für eine historisierende Rezeption psychologischen, psychiatrischen oder psychoanalytischen Expertenwissens. Sie zeigt das Potenzial dieses Ansatzes anhand der Studien des britischen Psychiaters John Bowlby auf, dessen im Zweiten Weltkrieg entstandenen Überlegungen zu den Auswirkungen einer Trennung von Mutter und Kind auf das Sozialverhalten von Heranwachsenden nach 1945 weltweit Karriere machten.
Paired Stimulation for Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity in Primate Sensorimotor Cortex
Authors: Seeman Stephanie C. , Mogen Brian J. , Fetz Eberhard E. , Perlmutter Steve I. 
Published: January 2017

Classicin vitrostudies have described spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) at a synapse: the connection from neuron A to neuron B is strengthened (or weakened) when A fires before (or after) B within an optimal time window. Accordingly, more recentin vivoworks have demonstrated behavioral effects consistent with an STDP mechanism; however, many relied on single-unit recordings. The ability to modify cortical connections becomes useful in the context of injury, when connectivity and associated behavior are compromised. To avoid the need for long-term, stable isolation of single units, one could control timed activation of two cortical sites with paired electrical stimulation. We tested the hypothesis that STDP could be induced via prolonged paired stimulation as quantified by cortical evoked potentials (EPs) in the sensorimotor cortex of awake, behaving monkeys. Paired simulation between two interconnected sites produced robust effects in EPs consistent with STDP, but only at 2/15 tested pairs. The stimulation protocol often produced increases in global network excitability or depression of the conditioned pair. Together, these results suggest that paired stimulationin vivois a viable method to induce STDP between cortical populations, but that factors beyond activation timing must be considered to produce conditioning effects.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPlasticity of neural connections is important for development, learning, memory, and recovery from injury. Cellular mechanisms underlying spike-timing-dependent plasticity have been studied extensivelyin vitro. Recentin vivowork has demonstrated results consistent with the previously defined cellular mechanisms; however, the output measure in these studies was typically an indirect assessment of plasticity at the neural level. Here, we show direct plasticity in recordings of neuronal populations in awake, behaving nonhuman primates induced by paired electrical stimulation. In contrast toin vitrostudies, we found that plastic effects were only produced between specific cortical areas. These findings suggest that similar mechanisms drive plasticityin vitroandin vivo, but that cortical architecture may contribute significantly to site-dependent effects.
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors and M-Currents Underlie Efferent-Mediated Slow Excitation in Calyx-Bearing Vestibular Afferents
Authors: Holt J. Chris , Jordan Paivi M. , Lysakowski Anna , Shah Amit , Barsz Kathy , Contini Donatella 
Published: January 2017

Stimulation of vestibular efferent neurons excites calyx and dimorphic (CD) afferents. This excitation consists of fast and slow components that differ >100-fold in activation kinetics and response duration. In the turtle, efferent-mediated fast excitation arises in CD afferents when the predominant efferent neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) activates calyceal nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs); however, it is unclear whether the accompanying efferent-mediated slow excitation is also attributed to cholinergic mechanisms. To identify synaptic processes underlying efferent-mediated slow excitation, we recorded from CD afferents innervating the turtle posterior crista during electrical stimulation of efferent neurons, in combination with pharmacological probes and mechanical stimulation. Efferent-mediated slow excitation was unaffected by nAChR compounds that block efferent-mediated fast excitation, but were mimicked by muscarine and antagonized by atropine, indicating that it requires ACh and muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR) activation. Efferent-mediated slow excitation or muscarine application enhanced the sensitivity of CD afferents to mechanical stimulation, suggesting that mAChR activation increases afferent input impedance by closing calyceal potassium channels. These observations were consistent with suppression of a muscarinic-sensitive K+-current, or M-current. Immunohistochemistry for putative M-current candidates suggested that turtle CD afferents express KCNQ3, KCNQ4, and ERG1–3 potassium channel subunits. KCNQ channels were favored as application of the selective antagonist XE991 mimicked and occluded efferent-mediated slow excitation in CD afferents. These data highlight an efferent-mediated mechanism for enhancing afferent sensitivity. They further suggest that the clinical effectiveness of mAChR antagonists in treating balance disorders may also target synaptic mechanisms in the vestibular periphery, and that KCNQ channel modulators might offer similar therapeutic value.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTargeting the efferent vestibular system (EVS) pharmacologically might prove useful in ameliorating some forms of vestibular dysfunction by modifying ongoing primary vestibular input. EVS activation engages several kinetically distinct synaptic processes that profoundly alter the discharge rate and sensitivity of first-order vestibular neurons. Efferent-mediated slow excitation of vestibular afferents is of considerable interest given its ability to elevate afferent activity over an extended time course. We demonstrate for the first time that efferent-mediated slow excitation of vestibular afferents is mediated by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) activation and the subsequent closure of KCNQ potassium channels. The clinical effectiveness of some anti-mAChR drugs in treating motion sickness suggest that we may, in fact, already be targeting the peripheral EVS.