bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bringing the Submarine Mariana Arc and Backarc Basin to Life for Undergraduates and the Public
Authors: Stern Robert J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to better teach about submarine arc and backarc basin volcanic and hydrothermal activity using the ~1400 km long Mariana convergent margin as an example. Four US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) expeditions (2004–2016) equipped with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) have discovered and explored many of submarine volcanoes and associated hydrothermal fields and generated many short (~1 min long) videos about them. Some of these videos would be very useful for teaching about these processes if they were organized and context provided, which is done here. Eighteen short videos about nine sites generated by NOAA are presented and discussed here. These are organized into three categories: volcanic eruptions, magmatic degassing, and hydrothermal activity. Volcanic eruption videos include two about glassy pillow lavas erupted in 2013–2015 and a rare example of a submarine eruption. Four videos about magmatic degassing include an example of sulfur produced by disproportionation of magmatic sulfur dioxide associated with a submarine eruption, two rare examples of molten sulfur lakes, and liquid carbon dioxide venting. Four videos about hydrothermal activity are provided. Suggestions for how this material might be used in the classroom are also given.
Delay discounting and nucleus accumbens functional connectivity are related to weight status in adolescents from the ABCD study
Authors: Overholtzer L. Nate , Ahmadi Hedyeh , Bottenhorn Katherine , Hsu Eustace , Herting Megan M. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryBackgroundDespite the growing epidemic of paediatric obesity, questions remain regarding potential neural mechanisms for individual risk. Delay discounting is a cognitive process of comparison of valuation between immediate and delayed reward, which has been inconsistently linked to weight status. Moreover, central to the brain's reward system is the nucleus accumbens, a region structurally and functionally altered in obesity.Objectives/MethodsThis study aimed to examine the relationships between two continuous metrics of weight status, performance on a monetary delay‐discounting task and nucleus accumbens functional connectivity in 10–12‐year‐olds from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.ResultsUsing multilevel longitudinal linear modelling, we found greater discounting was associated with higher BMI Z‐scores (BMIz) and waist‐to‐height ratio Z‐scores (WHtRz) (N = 3819). Moreover, we observed functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens to the cingulo‐opercular, dorsal attention, fronto‐parietal, salience and ventral attention networks were predictive of BMIz (N = 1817). Nucleus accumbens functional connectivity was not found to mediate the association between delay‐discounting behaviour and BMIz.ConclusionsDelay discounting and nucleus accumbens functional connectivity are independently related to weight status in a large sample of early adolescents. A better understanding of the relationship between reward and overeating behaviours may better inform obesity interventions.
Species Distribution Models for Mesopelagic Mesozooplankton Community
Authors: Egorova Yulia , Reygondeau Gabriel , Cheung William W. L. , Pakhomov Evgeny A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimWe aimed to enhance our understanding of the distribution of mesopelagic mesozooplankton (MM) using species distribution models, assess the performance of various modelling techniques, identify key environmental predictors for MM distribution and compute their habitat suitability indices.LocationOur study focused on the mesopelagic zone globally, with data analysed from different oceans.TaxonOur focus was primarily on mesopelagic mesozooplankton, gathering data on 861 different species from the Mesopelagic Mesozooplankton and Micronekton (MMM) Database.MethodsWe used an ensemble of species distribution models, applying 10 different modelling algorithms and three multi‐model ensemble approaches. We explored two important factors that can affect model performance: subsampling and the choice of background points. We also estimated the relative importance of various environmental conditions such as mixed layer depth, temperature, salinity, net primary productivity, euphotic zone depth and dissolved nitrate concentration on the distribution of these species.ResultsEuphotic zone depth, salinity and dissolved nitrate concentration were identified as the most important variables for explaining the distribution of mesopelagic mesozooplankton. The ensemble modelling results were robust in areas with abundant observational records, but high uncertainty was observed in data‐limited regions. We found a patchy habitat suitability map for zooplankton when modelled within their native range, largely due to uneven sampling. Unrestricted range models yielded smoother patterns but could inaccurately project species in areas where they do not occur.Main ConclusionsOur study highlights the need for increased sampling effort in data‐limited regions to improve the accuracy of mesopelagic species distribution models. Despite some inaccuracies, unrestricted range models, assuming ecological equivalence (where different species occupying a similar ecological niche in different geographical regions or different ecosystems exhibit similar adaptations and behaviours), provide a reasonable comparison for habitat suitability maps and model performance. It also confirms the significant impact of certain environmental conditions on mesozooplankton distribution.
Applying a trauma‐informed care framework to courtroom practice: An analysis of judges' perspectives
Authors: McKinsey Eva , Heinen Mark , Zottola Samantha A. , Ellmaker Luke , Thorn Amelia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnalysis of in‐depth interviews with eight district court judges in North Carolina revealed over 40 practices that judges can adopt to become more trauma‐informed in their work. These practices map onto SAMHSA's framework for a trauma‐informed approach, demonstrating that abstract principles can translate into concrete actions in the courtroom setting. Analysis revealed an additional core principle of trauma‐informed judicial practice—Rehabilitation and Healing—and several areas where judges can deepen their commitment to trauma‐informed care—engagement with peer support programming; greater attention to cultural, historical, and gender issues; and application of trauma‐informed practice in adult criminal court.
The promise of alternatives for youths: An analysis of restorative justice practices in the United States
Authors: Koza Meghan , Kokkalera Stuti S. , Navarro John C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRestorative justice practices are popular alternatives for youth conflict resolutions in the juvenile justice system and in schools. However, we do not know the extent to which states have formalized the use of restorative justice. This study reviews state legislation to identify whether restorative justice has been codified in juvenile justice and public education statutes. Through a content analysis of relevant statutory provisions, we find considerable variation in how restorative justice is defined and implemented in the juvenile justice and public‐school systems. We conclude with policy implications aimed at standardizing the understanding and application of restorative justice.
Visual self‐face and self‐body recognition in a left‐brain‐damaged prosopagnosic patient
Authors: Casati Carlotta , Diana Lorenzo , Casartelli Sara , Tesio Luigi , Vallar Giuseppe , Bolognini Nadia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present case study describes the patient N.G., who reported prosopagnosia along with difficulty in recognising herself in the mirror following a left‐sided temporo‐occipital hemispheric stroke. The neuropsychological and experimental investigation revealed only a mild form of apperceptive prosopagnosia, without visual agnosia, primarily caused by an impaired visual processing of face‐parts and body parts but not of full faces. Emotional expressions did not modulate her face processing. On the other hand, N.G. showed a marked impairment of visual self‐recognition, as assessed with visual matching‐to‐sample tasks, both at the level of body‐part and face‐part processing and at a full‐face level, featured by a deficit in the perceptual discrimination of her own face and body, as compared to the others' face and body. N.G.'s lesion mapping showed damage to the left inferior occipito‐temporal cortex, affecting the inferior occipital gyrus and compromising long‐range connections between the occipital/temporo‐occipital areas and the anterior fronto‐temporal areas. Overall, the present case report documents that visual processing of the person's own face may be selectively compromised by a left‐sided hemispheric lesion disconnecting extra‐striate body‐ and face‐selective visual areas to self‐representation regions. Moreover, others' (full) face processing may be preserved, as compared with the impaired ability to discriminate others' body and face parts.
Management of triggering factor effects in sensitive skin syndrome with a dermo‐cosmetic product
Authors: Polena Helena , Fontbonne Arnaud , Abric Elise , Lecerf Guillaume , Chavagnac‐Bonneville Marlène , Moga Alain , Ardiet Nathalie , Trompezinski Sandra , Sayag Michèle 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveEnvironmental factors are important in the generation or aggravation of sensitive skin syndrome (SSS). Creams can be useful for patients with SSS, particularly when triggering factors cannot be avoided. Several clinical studies have investigated the safety and efficacy of specific creams in patients with SSS, but the majority were assessed with a single type of triggering factor and were non‐comparative. Therefore, this study's aim was to investigate, the benefit of a specific dermo‐cosmetic product in response to physical and chemical factors in subjects with SSS.MethodsThree clinical studies were performed on subjects presenting SSS. The physical impact was assessed in a stripping test, and in a randomized intra‐individual study with a newly developed heat–cold stress model. To assess chemical factors, a capsaicin test on the nasolabial fold was performed.ResultsThe product significantly reduced the increase in skin microcirculation caused by stripping after 30 min versus. The untreated condition (45.8% vs. 62.0%; p < 0.01). Immediately and at D28, the product induced a significant increase in skin hydration even after a heat–cold stress, while the overall score of unpleasant symptoms significantly decreased compared with the control (8.1 vs. 10.7 and 3.7 vs. 8.0, respectively; p < 0.01). Regarding chemical factors, a significant difference in the sensation intensity (p < 0.001) was observed after capsaicin stress, also in terms of the sensation duration due to the product application versus the control (192 s vs. 403 s; p < 0.001).ConclusionThese studies show that topical application of a dermo‐cosmetic product can prevent unpleasant symptoms and improve the skin state in SSS exposed to physical and chemical triggering factors.
Profiling the sleep architecture of ageing adults using a seven‐state continuous‐time Markov model
Authors: Jacobs Jonathon , Martin Caitlin E. , Fuemmeler Bernard , Chen Shanshan 
Published: September 2024

SummarySleep is a complex biological process regulated by networks of neurons and environmental factors. As one falls asleep, neurotransmitters from sleep–wake regulating neurones work in synergy to control the switching of different sleep states throughout the night. As sleep disorders or underlying neuropathology can manifest as irregular switching, analysing these patterns is crucial in sleep medicine and neuroscience. While hypnograms represent the switching of sleep states well, current analyses of hypnograms often rely on oversimplified temporal descriptive statistics (TDS, e.g., total time spent in a sleep state), which miss the opportunity to study the sleep state switching by overlooking the complex structures of hypnograms. In this paper, we propose analysing sleep hypnograms using a seven‐state continuous‐time Markov model (CTMM). This proposed model leverages the CTMM to depict the time‐varying sleep‐state transitions, and probes three types of insomnia by distinguishing three types of wake states. Fitting the proposed model to data from 2056 ageing adults in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Sleep study, we profiled sleep architectures in this population and identified the various associations between the sleep state transitions and demographic factors and subjective sleep questions. Ageing, sex, and race all show distinctive patterns of sleep state transitions. Furthermore, we also found that the perception of insomnia and restless sleep are significantly associated with critical transitions in the sleep architecture. By incorporating three wake states in a continuous‐time Markov model, our proposed method reveals interesting insights into the relationships between objective hypnogram data and subjective sleep quality assessments.
Inclusion body myositis coexisting with severe aortic stenosis due to bicuspid aortic valve: A case report and literature review of cardiac involvement in inclusion body myositis
Authors: Ono Ryohei , Iwahana Togo , Aoki Kaoruko , Kato Hirotoshi , Suichi Tomoki , Hirano Yasuki , Ogaya Etsuko , Yoshizaki Satoko , Kuwabara Satoshi , Ito Chihiro , Matsumiya Goro , Nishino Ichizo , Kobayashi Yoshio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInclusion body myositis (IBM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, but cardiac involvement has rarely been reported. Although bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases, the relationship between IBM and valvular heart disease remains unknown. We herein report the first case of a 68‐year‐old male patient with IBM coexisting with severe aortic stenosis due to BAV that was successfully treated with aortic valve replacement. To date, only 10 cases of IBM with cardiac manifestation, including our case, have been reported, and we review the current literature on cardiac involvement in patients with IBM.
The starting temperature of high‐flow nasal cannula and perceived comfort in critically ill patients: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Galazzi Alessandro , Gambazza Simone , Binda Filippo , Dossena Chiara , Cislaghi Andrea , Adamini Ileana , Palese Alvisa , Grasselli Giacomo , Laquintana Dario 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy is a non‐invasive respiratory treatment characterized by high tolerability, which largely derives from the patient's comfort.AimThe primary aim of this study was to explore whether the patient's perceived comfort was the same regardless of different approaches used to reach the target humidification temperature. The secondary aim was to assess the patient's perceived nasal dryness and humidity.Study DesignThis single‐centre, pragmatic, randomized trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05688189). Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) in need of HFNC therapy were randomly assigned to one of three study arms: a two‐step increase (31 to 34 to 37°C), a one‐step increase in temperature (34–37°C) or no temperature increase (started and remained at 37°C). The patients were asked to rate their perceived comfort, as well as their perceived nasal dryness and humidity on a scale from 1 (lowest value) to 5 (highest value).ResultsWe enrolled 21 patients, aged 34–85 years. The mean (±1 standard deviation) comfort level was 3.3 (1.3) for patients who received a one‐step increase, 3.1 (1.3) for those who received no increase and 2.7 (1.7) for those who received a two‐step increase (p = .714). There was also no difference in nasal dryness (p = .05) or humidity (p = .612) across the study arms. Greater comfort was fairly correlated with less nasal humidity (ρ = −0.34, 95% confidence interval −0.68 to 0.07) but not with nasal dryness (ρ = 0.01, p = .94).ConclusionsAfter 30 min of HFNC therapy at a target temperature of 37°C, overall comfort was rated similarly in the three study arms. Additional studies are needed to accumulate evidence corroborating the findings of this study.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe temperature of the mixture of air and oxygen is a fundamental component of HFNC therapy. A pragmatic approach irrespective of the initial temperature setting seems to yield a similar comfort score in hospitalized patients with mild respiratory failure because of extrapulmonary causes.
Normative high resolution esophageal manometry values in asymptomatic patients with obesity
Authors: Le Khanh Hoang Nicholas , Low Eric E. , Sharma Priya , Greytak Madeline , Yadlapati Rena 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurgical bariatric interventions, while highly effective, can be associated with post‐operative esophageal symptoms, gastroesophageal reflux disease and esophageal dysmotility. Whether pre‐operative physiology impacts this risk is unknown, in part because expected values on esophageal manometry in patients with obesity are not well understood. This study seeks to establish normative values on esophageal high resolution manometry (HRM) and the prevalence of esophageal dysmotility in the asymptomatic patient with obesity.MethodsThis retrospective study included adult patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg m−2 without esophageal symptoms undergoing preoperative bariatric surgical evaluation, including HRM, at a single tertiary care center between February, 2019 and February, 2020.ResultsOf 104 asymptomatic patients with obesity, HRM identified normal esophageal motility in 94 (90.4%) with the remaining 10 having ineffective esophageal motility (3.8%), manometric esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (3.8%), distal esophageal spasm (1.0%), and hypercontractile esophagus (1.0%). Mean of median lower esophageal sphincter integrated relaxation pressure (LES IRP) was 10.6 mmHg supine (95th percentile 21.5 mmHg) and 8.5 mmHg upright (95th percentile 21.3 mmHg). 86% of patients had intragastric pressure above 8 mmHg. Mean of mean distal contractile integral (DCI) was 2261.6 mmHg cm s−1 (95th percentile 5889.5 mmHg cm s−1).ConclusionThe vast majority of asymptomatic patients with obesity had normal manometry. LES IRP and DCI were higher than that observed in non‐obese cohorts. Additionally, BMI correlated to increased intragastric pressure. These data suggest that normative values in patients with obesity should be adjusted to prevent overdiagnosis of EGJOO or hypercontractile esophagus.
A thaumatin‐like effector protein suppresses the rust resistance of wheat and promotes the pathogenicity of Puccinia triticina by targeting TaRCA
Authors: Chang Jiaying , Mapuranga Johannes , Wang Xiaodong , Dong Haijiao , Li Ruolin , Zhang Yingdan , Li Hao , Shi Jie , Yang Wenxiang 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Thaumatin‐like proteins (TLPs) in plants play a crucial role in combating stress, and they have been proven to possess antifungal properties. However, the role of TLPs in pathogens has not been reported.

We identified a effector protein, Pt9029, which contained a Thaumatin domain in Puccinia triticina (Pt), possessing a chloroplast transit peptide and localized in the chloroplasts. Silencing Pt9029 in the Pt physiological race THTT resulted in a notable reduction in virulence and stunted growth and development of Pt hypha in near‐isogenic wheat line TcLr2b. Overexpression of Pt9029 in wheat exerted a suppressive effect on H2O2 production, consequently impeding the wheat's disease resistance mechanisms.

The TLP domain of Pt9029 targets the Rubisco activase (TaRCA) in chloroplasts. This interaction effectively inhibited the function of TaRCA, subsequently leading to a decrease in Rubisco enzyme activity. Therefore, this indicates that TLPs in Pt can inhibit host defense mechanisms during the pathogenic process of Pt. Moreover, TaRCA silencing resulted in reduced resistance of TcLr2b against Pt race THTT.

This clearly demonstrated that TaRCA positively regulates wheat resistance to leaf rust. These findings reveal a novel strategy exploited by Pt to manipulate wheat rust resistance and promote pathogenicity.
Comparison between a Novel Knee Arthrometer and Simultaneous Stress Radiography for the Diagnosis of Complete and Partial Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears
Authors: Li Junqiao , Zhang Jiayao , You Mingke , Yang Xiaolong , Ma Wenjing , Deng Qian , Chen Gang , Tang Xin , Fu Weili , Xiong Yan , Li Qi , Li Jian 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesThe type of ligamentous tear and the degree of knee laxity have important guiding significance for the diagnosis and management of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Instrumental measurement is necessary for ACL tears since physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cannot provide an objective and quantitative assessment of knee laxity. This study aimed to compare the application of a novel knee arthrometer and simultaneous stress radiography in differentiating between complete and partial acute ACL tears, and further assess the correlation between the two measurements.MethodsA total of 106 patients with complete acute ACL tears and 52 patients with partial acute ACL tears were included in the study. Preoperative arthrometry and simultaneous stress radiography were performed using the Ligs arthrometer at 90, 120, and 150 N to assess side‐to‐side difference (SSD) in anterior knee laxity. The optimal threshold was determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to assess the diagnostic value of the measurement. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between the two measurements.ResultsThe optimal differential SSD thresholds in the Ligs arthrometer were 2.7 mm at 90 N, 3.8 mm at 120 N, and 4.6 mm at 150 N. Similarly, the optimal differential SSD thresholds in simultaneous stress radiography were 3.8 mm at 90 N, 5.1 mm at 120 N, and 5.6 mm at 150 N. The AUC analysis revealed that the Ligs arthrometer was fairly informative at 90 N (AUC = 0.851), 120 N (AUC = 0.878), and 150 N (AUC = 0.884), and simultaneous stress radiography was highly informative at 90 N (AUC = 0.910), 120 N (AUC = 0.925), and 150 N (AUC = 0.948). Moreover, the AUC of the combined measurements was 0.914 at 90 N, 0.931 at 120 N, and 0.951 at 150 N. A significantly strong correlation was found between the two measurements at 90 N (r = 0.743, p < 0.001), 120 N (r = 0.802, p < 0.001), and 150 N (r = 0.823, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe Ligs arthrometer and simultaneous stress radiography proved to be valid diagnostic tools to differentiate between complete and partial acute ACL tears, with a strong correlation between the two measurements in SSD values. Compared with single instrumental measurement, the combination of the two measurements can further improve the diagnostic value in this regard.