bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary fibre and the prevention of chronic disease – should health professionals be doing more to raise awareness?
Authors: Lockyer S. , Spiro A. , Stanner S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe recent report on Carbohydrates and Health by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition concluded that a high fibre intake is associated with reduced risk of a number of significant chronic diseases in the UK, although further studies are needed to fully elucidate the precise mechanisms involved. New recommendations have been set for adults and younger people but dietary surveys suggest that intakes are currently well below these targets, reflecting low consumption of fibre‐containing foods such as fruit, vegetables, nuts and seeds and high‐fibre/wholegrain starchy foods. A wide number of interrelated barriers to increasing intakes have been purported. These include a lack of awareness of the health benefits of fibre; relatively little interest amongst the media compared with other nutrients (e.g. sugars); perceived high cost of fruit and vegetables; perceptions of starchy carbohydrates as unhealthy; taste preferences for refined grains; lack of a specific dietary recommendation or national awareness campaign for fibre or wholegrain intake; no general permitted (European Food Safety Authority approved) health claims for fibre and wholegrain; and a lack of mandatory labelling of fibre values on packaging. Health professionals have an important role in giving dietary advice, including the promotion of dietary fibre. However, as well as limited time during appointments to discuss diet and lifestyle issues, the level of confidence and competency in delivering such advice may be lacking amongst some health professionals. Current knowledge and awareness of the key messages around dietary fibre amongst health professionals have been poorly studied. A small online survey of UK practice nurses (n = 50) recently commissioned by the British Nutrition Foundation suggested that, although the benefits of dietary fibre intake in relation to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer are largely acknowledged, the perceived importance of fibre for patient health is lower than other nutrients such as fat and sugars. One in five nurses reported not having adequate skills or knowledge to offer dietary advice and one in four said they sometimes lacked the confidence to give dietary advice to their patients. In view of the evidence for the health benefits for dietary fibre, there is a need to increase the importance that health professionals place on communicating ways to boost intakes amongst their patients. Easy to access nutrition training for health professionals would help to support this objective.
Adult‐onset adrenoleukodystrophy of the olivopontocerebellar form and lacking cerebral involvement
Authors: Koike Yuka , Umeda Yoshitaka , Umeda Maiko , Oyake Mutsuo , Fujita Nobuya 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA 40‐year‐old man presented with subacute progressive gait disturbance. Two uncles on his mother's side were diagnosed previously as having adult‐onset adrenoleukodystrophy. Fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintense regions in the cerebellum, middle cerebellar peduncles, pons and midbrain with gadolinium enhancement without cerebral involvement. A missense mutation of the ABCD1 gene (c.1661 G>A) was found. We should note that adrenoleukodystrophy of the olivopontocerebellar form can be present, even if there is no involvement in the cerebrum. This case is unique, because it showed bilateral pontocerebellar pathway involvements symmetrically. If patients with the olivopontocerebellar form are diagnosed early, it might be possible to suppress the progression of the disease with bone marrow transplantation.
The Sphagnum microbiome: new insights from an ancient plant lineage
Authors: Kostka Joel E. , Weston David J. , Glass Jennifer B. , Lilleskov Erik A. , Shaw A. Jonathan , Turetsky Merritt R. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryPeat mosses of the genus Sphagnum play a major role in global carbon storage and dominate many northern peatland ecosystems, which are currently being subjected to some of the most rapid climate changes on Earth. A rapidly expanding database indicates that a diverse community of microorganisms is intimately associated with Sphagnum, inhabiting the tissues and surface of the plant. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the Sphagnum microbiome and provide a perspective for future research directions. Although the majority of the microbiome remains uncultivated and its metabolic capabilities uncharacterized, prokaryotes and fungi have the potential to act as mutualists, symbionts, or antagonists of Sphagnum. For example, methanotrophic and nitrogen‐fixing bacteria may benefit the plant host by providing up to 20–30% of Sphagnum carbon and nitrogen, respectively. Next‐generation sequencing approaches have enabled the detailed characterization of microbiome community composition in peat mosses. However, as with other ecologically or economically important plants, our knowledge of Sphagnum–microbiome associations is in its infancy. In order to attain a predictive understanding of the role of the microbiome in Sphagnum productivity and ecosystem function, the mechanisms of plant–microbiome interactions and the metabolic potential of constituent microbial populations must be revealed.

Contents

Summary
57

I.
Introduction
57

II.
What defines the peat moss microbiome?
58

III.
Structure and function of the Sphagnum microbiome
59

IV.
Functional guilds of microbes that benefit Sphagnum
59

V.
Fungi in the Sphagnum microbiome
61

VI.
Conclusions and future directions
62

Acknowledgements
63

References
63
An early Cambrian chelicerate from the Emu Bay Shale, South Australia
Authors: Jago James B. , García‐Bellido Diego C. , Gehling James G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Emu Bay Shale Lagerstätte (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) occurs on the north coast of Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Over 50 species are known from here, including trilobites and non‐biomineralized arthropods, palaeoscolecids, a lobopodian, a polychaete, vetulicolians, nectocaridids, hyoliths, brachiopods, sponges and chancelloriids. A new chelicerate, Wisangocaris barbarahardyae gen. et sp. nov., is described herein, based on a collection of some 270 specimens. It is up to 60 mm long, with the length of the cephalic shield comprising about 30% that of the exoskeleton. The cephalic margin has three pairs of bilaterally‐symmetrical small triangular spines. A pair of small eyes is placed well forwards on the ventral margin of the cephalic shield. The trunk comprises 11 segments that increase in length while narrowing posteriorly, each possibly bearing a pair of biramous appendages; the most posterior segment is almost square whereas the others are transversely elongated. The spatulate telson is proportionately longer than in taxa such as Sanctacaris, Utahcaris and Leanchoilia. Up to eight (?four pairs) of 3 mm‐long elements bearing alternating inward‐curving short and long spines beneath the cephalic shield are interpreted as basipodal gnathobases, part of a complex feeding apparatus. A well‐developed gut includes a stomach within the cephalic shield; it extends to the base of the telson. In a few specimens there are shell fragments within the gut, including those of the trilobite Estaingia bilobata (the most common species in the biota); these fragments have sharp margins and extend across the gut lumen. The species may have been a predator or a scavenger, ingesting material already broken up by a larger predator/scavenger. The morphology of this taxon shares many overall body features with Sanctacaris, and some with Sidneyia, particularly its gnathobasic complex. These chelicerate affinities are corroborated by phylogenetic analyses.
Alternatives for vascular reconstruction in pediatric living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Neto Joao Seda , Fonseca Eduardo A. , Cândido Helry L. , Pugliese Renata , Feier Flavia H. , Kondo Mario , Azambuja Rodrigo L. , Chapchap Paulo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMany publications discuss the various strategies for vascular reconstruction (VR) in pediatric LDLT. Having knowledge of alternative techniques is helpful in planning transplants. This article presents three case reports that illustrate some of the alternative techniques for HV, PV, and HA reconstruction in pediatric LDLT. It also reviews the available alternative strategies reported for VR in pediatric LDLT. In the first case, a 13‐month‐old girl presented a PRETEXT III HB with invasion of the retrohepatic vena cava. An LLS graft HV was anastomosed to a DD iliac vein graft and subsequently implanted in a “standard” fashion in the recipient. In the second case, a 44‐month‐old boy presented with multifocal HB and portomesenteric thrombosis and the portal inflow was done through a renoportal anastomosis. In the third case, a 22‐month‐old child with a failed Kasai procedure had extensive HA thrombosis. The HA reconstruction was performed with an interposition of the recipient's IMV graft. The use of alternative techniques for VR in pediatric LDLT is paramount to the success of such a complex procedure. Imaging studies can help transplant surgeons outline surgical strategies and define the best technique to be used in each case.
Terpenoid trans‐caryophyllene inhibits weed germination and induces plant water status alteration and oxidative damage in adult Arabidopsis
Authors: Araniti F. , Sánchez‐Moreiras A. M. , Graña E. , Reigosa M. J. , Abenavoli M. R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstracttrans‐Caryophyllene (TC) is a sesquiterpene commonly found as volatile component in many different aromatic plants. Although the phytotoxic effects of trans‐caryophyllene on seedling growth are relatively explored, not many information is available regarding the phytotoxicity of this sesquiterpenes on weed germination and on adult plants. The phytotoxic potential of TC was assayed in vitro on weed germination and seedling growth to validate its phytotoxic potential on weed species. Moreover, it was assayed on the metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana adult plants, through two different application ways, spraying and watering, in order to establish the primary affected organ and to deal with the unknown mobility of the compound. The results clearly indicated that TC inhibited both seed germination and root growth, as demonstrated by comparison of the ED50 values. Moreover, although trans‐caryophyllene‐sprayed adult Arabidopsis plants did not show any effect, trans‐caryophyllene‐watered plants became strongly affected. The results suggested that root uptake was a key step for the effectiveness of this natural compound and its phytotoxicity on adult plants was mainly due to the alteration of plant water status accompanied by oxidative damage.
Do Market Incentives for Hospitals Affect Health and Service Utilization?: Evidence from Prospective Pay System–Diagnosis-Related Groups Tariffs in Italian Regions
Authors: Cappellari Lorenzo , De Paoli Anna , Turati Gilberto 
Published: May 2016

SummaryWe exploit variation across Italian regions in the implementation of region-specific tariffs within a prospective pay system for hospitals based on diagnosis-related groups to assess their effect on health and on the use of healthcare services. We consider survey data for the years 1993–2007 with information on both individuals’ perceived health and their utilization of healthcare services. The results suggest that the introduction of market incentives via a fixed price payment system did not lead to worse health perceptions. Instead, it marked a moderate decrease in hospitalization coupled with a clearer decrease in the utilization of emergency services. We also find mild evidence of reduced satisfaction with healthcare services among hospital patients. These effects were stronger for adoptions occurring when also the national government supported the market-based approach. Results are robust to sensitivity checks.
Detecting and Understanding Interviewer Effects on Survey data by using a Cross-classified Mixed Effects Location–scale Model
Authors: Brunton-Smith Ian , Sturgis Patrick , Leckie George 
Published: May 2016

Summary
We propose a cross-classified mixed effects location–scale model for the analysis of interviewer effects in survey data. The model extends the standard two-way cross-classified random-intercept model (respondents nested in interviewers crossed with areas) by specifying the residual variance to be a function of covariates and an additional interviewer random effect. This extension provides a way to study interviewers’ effects on not just the ‘location’ (mean) of respondents’ responses, but additionally on their ‘scale’ (variability). It therefore allows researchers to address new questions such as ‘Do interviewers influence the variability of their respondents’ responses in addition to their average, and if so why?’. In doing so, the model facilitates a more complete and flexible assessment of the factors that are associated with interviewer error. We illustrate this model by using data from wave 3 of the UK Household Longitudinal Survey, which we link to a range of interviewer characteristics measured in an independent survey of interviewers. By identifying both interviewer characteristics in general, but also specific interviewers who are associated with unusually high or low or homogeneous or heterogeneous responses, the model provides a way to inform improvements to survey quality.
Reconsidering the Lack of Urea Toxicity in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Massy Ziad A. , Pietrement Christine , Touré Fatouma 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUrea is an old uremic toxin which has been used for many years as a global biomarker of CKD severity and dialysis adequacy. Old studies were not in favor of its role as a causal factor in the pathogenesis of complications associated with the uremic state. However, recent experimental and clinical evidence is compatible with both direct and indirect toxicity of urea, particularly via the deleterious actions of urea‐derived carbamylated molecules. Further studies are clearly needed to explore the potential relevance of urea‐related CKD complications for patient management, in particular the place of new therapeutic strategies to prevent urea toxicity.
Extravasation reactions associated with the administration of pamidronate: 11 cases (2008–2013)
Authors: Marker B. A. , Barber L. G. , Clifford C. A. , Correa S. S. , Thalhofer P. L. , LaDue T. A. , Mullin C. M. , Sauerbrey M. L. , Wood C. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPamidronate is a bisphosphonate drug widely utilized in veterinary oncologic practice for the palliation of malignant osteolysis. Pamidronate has not been previously reported to cause tissue injury upon extravasation in dogs. The medical records of 11 client‐owned dogs undergoing palliative treatment for primary bone tumors with known or suspected pamidronate extravasation reactions were reviewed. The majority of adverse events were low grade in nature, however in some cases, the reactions were severe and led to euthanasia in one instance. Time to complete resolution of lesions ranged from within several days to greater than one and a half months. Aside from the dog that was euthanized, no long‐term sequelae of extravasation were identified. Treatments employed to address the reactions varied widely. Pamidronate extravasation reaction appears to be an uncommon, but potentially serious complication of intravenous administration.
Portable Video Media Versus Standard Verbal Communication in Surgical Information Delivery to Nurses: A Prospective Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Kam Jonathan , Ainsworth Hannah , Handmer Marcus , Louie‐Johnsun Mark , Winter Matthew 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundContinuing education of health professionals is important for delivery of quality health care. Surgical nurses are often required to understand surgical procedures. Nurses need to be aware of the expected outcomes and recognize potential complications of such procedures during their daily work. Traditional educational methods, such as conferences and tutorials or informal education at the bedside, have many drawbacks for delivery of this information in a universal, standardized, and timely manner. The rapid uptake of portable media devices makes portable video media (PVM) a potential alternative to current educational methods.ObjectiveTo compare PVM to standard verbal communication (SVC) for surgical information delivery and educational training for nurses and evaluate its impact on knowledge acquisition and participant satisfaction.DesignProspective, multicenter, randomized controlled crossover trial.SettingTwo hospitals: Gosford District Hospital and Wyong Hospital.ParticipantsSeventy‐two nursing staff (36 at each site).InterventionInformation delivery via PVM––7‐minute video compared to information delivered via SVC.Outcome MeasuresKnowledge acquisition was measured by a 32‐point questionnaire, and satisfaction with the method of education delivery was measured using the validated Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ‐8).ResultsKnowledge acquisition was higher via PVM compared to SVC 25.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.2‐26.6) versus 24.3 (95% CI 23.5‐25.1), p = .004. Participant satisfaction was higher with PVM 29.5 (95% CI 28.3‐30.7) versus 26.5 (95% CI 25.1‐27.9), p = .003. Following information delivery via SVC, participants had a 6% increase in knowledge scores, 24.3 (95% CI 23.5‐25.1) versus 25.7 (95% CI 24.9‐26.5) p = .001, and a 13% increase in satisfaction scores, 26.5 (95% CI 25.1‐27.9) versus 29.9 (95% CI 28.8‐31.0) p < .001, when they crossed‐over to information delivery via PVM.Linking Evidence to ActionPVM provides a novel method for providing education to nurses that improves knowledge retention and satisfaction with the educational process.
Detection of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐Related Coronavirus and Alphacoronavirus in the Bat Population of Taiwan
Authors: Chen Y.‐N. , Phuong V. N. , Chen H. C. , Chou C.‐H. , Cheng H.‐C. , Wu C.‐H. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBats have been demonstrated to be natural reservoirs of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) CoV. Faecal samples from 248 individuals of 20 bat species were tested for partial RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase gene of CoV and 57 faecal samples from eight bat species were tested positive. The highest detection rate of 44% for Scotophilus kuhlii, followed by 30% for Rhinolophus monoceros. Significantly higher detection rates of coronaviral RNA were found in female bats and Scotophilus kuhlii roosting in palm trees. Phylogenetic analysis classified the positive samples into SARS‐related (SARSr) CoV, Scotophilus bat CoV 512 close to those from China and Philippines, and Miniopterus bat CoV 1A‐related lineages. Coronaviral RNA was also detected in bat guano from Scotophilus kuhlii and Myotis formosus flavus on the ground and had potential risk for human exposure. Diverse bat CoV with zoonotic potential could be introduced by migratory bats and maintained in the endemic bat population in Taiwan.
Does ‘altitude training’ increase exercise performance in elite athletes?
Authors: Lundby Carsten , Robach Paul 
Published: May 2016

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of various altitude training strategies as investigated within the last few years.

What advances does it highlight?
Based on the available literature, the foundation to recommend altitude training to athletes is weak.

Athletes may use one of the various altitude training strategies to improve exercise performance. The scientific support for such strategies is, however, not as sound as one would perhaps imagine. The question addressed in this review is whether altitude training should be recommended to elite athletes or not.
Automated detection of pulmonary nodules in PET/CT images: Ensemble false‐positive reduction using a convolutional neural network technique
Authors: Teramoto Atsushi , Fujita Hiroshi , Yamamuro Osamu , Tamaki Tsuneo 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:Automated detection of solitary pulmonary nodules using positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) images shows good sensitivity; however, it is difficult to detect nodules in contact with normal organs, and additional efforts are needed so that the number of false positives (FPs) can be further reduced. In this paper, the authors propose an improved FP‐reduction method for the detection of pulmonary nodules in PET/CT images by means of convolutional neural networks (CNNs).Methods:The overall scheme detects pulmonary nodules using both CT and PET images. In the CT images, a massive region is first detected using an active contour filter, which is a type of contrast enhancement filter that has a deformable kernel shape. Subsequently, high‐uptake regions detected by the PET images are merged with the regions detected by the CT images. FP candidates are eliminated using an ensemble method; it consists of two feature extractions, one by shape/metabolic feature analysis and the other by a CNN, followed by a two‐step classifier, one step being rule based and the other being based on support vector machines.Results:The authors evaluated the detection performance using 104 PET/CT images collected by a cancer‐screening program. The sensitivity in detecting candidates at an initial stage was 97.2%, with 72.8 FPs/case. After performing the proposed FP‐reduction method, the sensitivity of detection was 90.1%, with 4.9 FPs/case; the proposed method eliminated approximately half the FPs existing in the previous study.Conclusions:An improved FP‐reduction scheme using CNN technique has been developed for the detection of pulmonary nodules in PET/CT images. The authors’ ensemble FP‐reduction method eliminated 93% of the FPs; their proposed method using CNN technique eliminates approximately half the FPs existing in the previous study. These results indicate that their method may be useful in the computer‐aided detection of pulmonary nodules using PET/CT images.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Classical Swine Fever Virus Isolate Belonging to New Subgenotype 2.1d from Henan Province, Central China
Authors: Lv Chaochao , Yang Qingyuan , Gao Xiaojing , Yao Yali , Li Xiangdong , Xiao Yan , Tian Kegong 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete genome sequence of HeN1505, a field isolate of classical swine fever virus belonging to the new subgenotype 2.1d. HeN1505 distinguishes itself from other classical swine fever virus (CSFVs) by 1 amino acid substitution in position 159 (threonine by isoleucine), which led to the loss of one
N
-glycosylation site in the N
pro
protein.
Genome Sequences of 12 Spore-Forming
Bacillus
Species, Comprising Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus sporothermodurans, and Bacillus vallismortis, Isolated from Foods
Authors: Krawczyk Antonina O. , de Jong Anne , Holsappel Siger , Eijlander Robyn T. , van Heel Auke , Berendsen Erwin M. , Wells-Bennik Marjon H. J. , Kuipers Oscar P. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genomes of twelve isolates of five different
Bacillus
species, all spore-forming, Gram-positive bacteria.
Complete Genome Sequence of Vaccinia Virus Strain L-IVP
Authors: Shvalov Alexander N. , Sivolobova Galina F. , Kuligina Elena V. , Kochneva Galina V. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Most of the live vaccine doses of vaccinia virus donated to the Intensified Smallpox Eradication Programme after 1971 were prepared using the L-IVP strain. A mixture of three clones of the L-IVP strain was sequenced using MySEQ. Consensus sequence similarity with the vaccinia virus Lister strain is 99.5%.