bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of health-related data in the regional context for health service planning in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany—a qualitative study
Authors: Kugler Charlotte M. , Koller Daniela , Muehlensiepen Felix , Pachanov Alexander , Kuehne Anna , Pieper Dawid 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Utilizing regional health data goes hand in hand with challenges: can they be used for health planning, are they applicable to the relevant topics? The study explores current data utilization and needs of stakeholders working in regional health services planning.

Methods
We conducted 16 semi-structured expert-interviews with stakeholders of regional health planning in Brandenburg, a federal state in the north-east of Germany, by telephone or online-meeting tools between 05/2022 and 03/2023. The data were analysed according to qualitative content analysis.

Results
Utilization of data sources depends on individual knowledge and personnel resources instead of being guided by standardized procedures. Interviewees primarily use internal data; some use many different platforms, studies and reports. Regional health-related data are used for reliable health planning, to prepare resolutions, draft contracts, but also for events and requests from policy makers or the press. Challenges exist in terms of availability, awareness, and acceptance of the data, perceived applicability, the ability to use it and the utilization itself. Many regional health planners indicated they would appreciate a regional integrated cross-organizational data source if the benefits for health planning outweighed the efforts.

Discussion
Actors in health planning primarily utilized their own data for planning; additional data sources are not available or the level of aggregation is too high, not known by them or are often not used due to a lack of time. A standardized regional monitoring would require the definition of indicators as well as the strengthening of cross-sectoral planning.
Key factors affecting overexpanded flow separation in design of large expansion ratio single expansion ramp nozzle
Authors: Yu Y. , Yu T. , Mao Y. , Yang Y. , Liang S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the development of overall design methodologies for hypersonic vehicles and their propulsion systems, nozzles should expand airflow in a short length and provide sufficient thrust. Therefore, the large expansion ratio single expansion ramp nozzle (LSERN) is widely used. The form of the overexpanded flow field in the nozzle is complex, under the conditions of nozzle start-up, low speed and low nozzle pressure ratio (NPR), thereby negatively influencing the entire propulsion system. Thus, the nozzle flow separation pattern and the key factors affecting the flow separation pattern also deserve considerable attention. In this study, the design of SERN is completed using the cubic curve design method, and the model is numerically simulated for specific operating conditions to study the flow separation patterns and the transition processes of different patterns. Furthermore, the key factors affecting the various flow separation patterns in the nozzle are investigated in detail. Results show that the LSERN in different NPRs appeared in two types of restricted shock separation (RSS) pattern and free shock separation (FSS) pattern, as well as their corresponding flow separation pattern transition processes. The initial expansion angle and the nozzle length affect the range of NPRs maintained by the FSS pattern. The initial expansion angle affects the pattern of flow separation, whereas the nozzle length remarkably influences the critical NPR during transition.
Deriving seasonal and annual surface mass balance for debris-covered glaciers from flow-corrected satellite stereo DEM time series
Authors: Bhushan Shashank , Shean David , Hu Jyun-Yi Michelle , Guillet Grégoire , Rounce David Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Glaciers in High-Mountain Asia are experiencing varying rates and patterns of mass loss due to a complex interplay between glacier surface processes, local conditions and climate forcing. Spatially distributed surface mass balance (SMB) estimates can provide valuable insight into these drivers, but observations are currently limited in both space and time. We used very-high-resolution optical stereo images acquired by commercial satellites to prepare time series of digital elevation models (DEMs), and derived contemporaneous surface velocity and elevation change products for six debris-covered glaciers in Nepal. We developed new methods to produce flow-corrected Lagrangian SMB maps to isolate local surface ablation signals with enough detail to study individual ice cliffs. Our results show reduced ablation under thick debris cover and enhanced ablation over ice cliffs. Ablating ice cliffs were responsible for

$10\!-\!38\%$

of the total ablation over debris-covered areas, even though they covered

$\leq \!11\%$

of the total area. Seasonal SMB products reveal the timing and patterns of summer accumulation and ablation, underscoring the importance of snow avalanches for low-elevation debris-covered glaciers in the region. Our approach can be applied to other glaciers with repeat high-resolution DEM coverage and extended for regional analyses of SMB on seasonal to interannual timescales.
Analysis of the immune transcriptome of the invasive pest spotted wing drosophila infected by Steinernema carpocapsae
Authors: Garriga A. , Toubarro D. , Morton A. , Simões N. , García-del-Pino F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDrosophila suzukii is a pest of global concern due to its great impact on several crops. The entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae was highly virulent to the larvae of the fly although some immune mechanisms were triggered along the infection course. Thus, to understand the gene activation profile we performed a comparative transcriptome of D. suzukii larvae infected with S. carpocapsae and Xenorhabdus nematophila to map the differentially expressed genes involved in the defence response. The analysis exposed the induction of genes involved in the humoral response such as the antimicrobial peptides and pattern-recognition receptors while there was a suppression of the cellular defence. Besides, genes involved in melanisation, and clot formation were downregulated hindering the encapsulation response and wound healing. After the infection, larvae were in a stress condition with an enrichment of metabolic and transport functionalities. Concerning the stress response, we observed variations of the heat-shock proteins, detoxification, and peroxidase enzymes. These findings set a genetical comprehensive knowledge of the host-pathogen relation of D. suzukii challenged with S. carpocapsae which could support further comparative studies with entomopathogenic nematodes.
The multilinear spherical maximal function in one dimension
Authors: Dosidis Georgios , Ramos João P. G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn dimension n = 1, we obtain $L^{p_1}(\mathbb R) \times\dots\times L^{p_m}(\mathbb R)$ to $L^p(\mathbb R)$ boundedness for the multilinear spherical maximal function in the largest possible open set of indices and we provide counterexamples that indicate the optimality of our results.
Use of stable isotope ratio analysis to investigate the biology and clinical significance of seal parasites
Authors: Zintl Annetta , Imlau Michelle , Schertzer Jacklyn , Zhang Han , Saint-Marc Audrey , Schmidt Olaf , Toomey Oscar , Jahns Hanne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStranded seals are often infected with a broad range of parasites, although whether they are the cause of significant morbidity or an incidental finding is usually unclear. In this study we used stable isotope ratio analysis, a method frequently used to investigate food webs, to explore the extent to which common seal parasites feed directly on host tissue and fluids or absorb host-derived metabolites, which in turn may give an indication of their potential impact on the host's health. The trophic discrimination factor Δ15N for the nasal mite, Halarachne halichoeri, was mostly positive, ranging between −0.015 and 3.2‰ (n = 6), while for the Acanthocephalan worm, Corynosoma strumosum and the anisakid nematode, Pseudoterranova decipiens, Δ15N ranged between −4.2 and −2.0‰ (n = 7), and between −6.7 and −0.8‰ (n = 5) respectively. In the case of the lungworm, Otostrongylus circumlitus, Δ15N measured between −5.6 and 0‰ for worms collected in the stomach (n = 5), between −1.1 and 0.2‰ for worms collected from the heart (n = 3), between −0.7 and 1.9‰ for worms situated in the lungs (n = 4). Based on Δ15N, parasites could be clearly divided into those that were on a higher trophic level than their host suggesting a predator–prey-like relationship, and those that were not. It is hypothesized that Δ15N may be indicative of the clinical significance of parasite–host associations.
Torque, speed, and power requirements for the design of a lower limb exoskeleton to augment human finned swimming
Authors: Johnson Beau , Goldfarb Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe authors seek to design a lower limb exoskeleton to augment human finned swimming; however, data associated with human finned swimming previously did not exist, particularly data that characterizes the active joint torque requirements for human-scale finned swimming motion and the corresponding thrust generation. Since these data are not directly measurable nor easily computed in human subject experiments, the authors instead employed a human-scale robotic platform to characterize the relationship between joint torque, speed, power, and thrust production during flutter kick swimming, specifically at the hip joints. Among the useful insights from this study: (1) the underwater environment can be accurately modeled as a simple viscous load as seen by the hip joints, where viscous coefficient depends on the type of fin; (2) accordingly, for a given fin, movement at any amplitude and frequency is invariant when motion is normalized by amplitude; velocity and torque by the product of amplitude and frequency; and power and thrust by the square of the product of amplitude and frequency; (3) the power-specific thrust is invariant, regardless of fin type, amplitude of motion, and frequency of motion; and 4) the phasing between right and left legs does not have a significant effect on thrust generation (i.e., kicking in-phase and kicking in opposition behave similarly). The authors hope this data will be useful to other researchers interested in developing lower limb exoskeletons to augment underwater human finned swimming.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-reactive salivary antibody detection in South Carolina emergency healthcare workers, September 2019–March 2020
Authors: Meltzer Haley C. , Goodwin Jane L. , Fowler Lauren A. , Britt Thomas W. , Pirrallo Ronald G. , Grier Jennifer T. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
On 19 January 2020, the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was identified in the United States, with the first cases in South Carolina confirmed on 06 March 2020. Due to initial limited testing capabilities and potential for asymptomatic transmission, it is possible that SARS-CoV-2 may have been present earlier than previously thought, while the immune status of at-risk populations was unknown. Saliva from 55 South Carolina emergency healthcare workers (EHCWs) was collected from September 2019 to March 2020, pre- and post-healthcare shifts, and stored frozen. To determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibodies, saliva-acquired post-shift was analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a repeat of positive or inconclusive results and follow-up testing of pre-shift samples. Two participants were positive for SARS-CoV-2 N/S1-reactive IgG, confirmed by follow-up testing, with S1 receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG present in one individual. Positive samples were collected from medical students working in emergency medical services (EMSs) in October or November 2019. The presence of detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 2019 suggests that immune responses to the virus existed in South Carolina, and the United States, in a small percentage of EHCWs prior to the earliest documented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. These findings suggest the feasibility of saliva as a noninvasive tool for surveillance of emerging outbreaks, and EHCWs represent a high-risk population that should be the focus of infectious disease surveillance.
Glacier Surges Controlled by the Close Interplay Between Subglacial Friction and Drainage
Authors: Thøgersen Kjetil , Gilbert Adrien , Bouchayer Coline , Schuler Thomas Vikhamar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe flow of glaciers and ice sheets is largely influenced by friction at the ice‐bed interface that can trigger rapid changes in glacier motion ranging from seasonal velocity variations to cyclic surge instabilities or even devastating glacier collapse. This wide range of transient glacier dynamics is currently not captured by models, and its implications for long‐term glacier evolution are uncertain. This highlights the need of developing improved descriptions for processes that occur at the glacier bed. Here, we present a model that describes the evolution of basal friction inspired by a “rate and state” approach, coupled to models of subglacial drainage and glacier flow, and investigate how these couplings affect the dynamics of glaciers. We show that a wide range of sliding behavior results from a feedback loop between subglacial drainage efficiency and friction which depends on the evolution of a frictional state that can be interpreted as the degree of cavitation or till porosity for hard and soft beds, respectively. In our simulations, we find that glaciers are susceptible to surging if they exhibit a transition to velocity weakening friction associated with a poor sensitivity of the drainage capacity to the frictional state. This potential materializes if the local topography and mass balance create the conditions for high water pressure to build up in an area sufficiently large to exceed a critical length. We advocate accounting for feedback loops between friction and drainage as a promising avenue for better understanding dynamical instabilities of glaciers and ice sheets.
Longshore Sediment Transport Across a Tombolo Determined by Two Adjacent Circulation Cells
Authors: Xie Danghan , Hughes Zoe , FitzGerald Duncan , Tas Silke , Asik Tansir Zaman , Fagherazzi Sergio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLongshore sediment transport (LST) is essential for shaping sandy shorelines. Many shorelines are complex and indented, containing headlands, offshore islands and tombolos. Tombolos often form between islands and the mainland; however, the conditions for LST across tombolos are unclear. This question is important because tombolos are often reinforced with anthropogenic infrastructure, potentially causing sediment starvation of downdrift beaches. Along many shorelines, the return to a tombolo's natural condition has been proposed to promote sediment connectivity and counteract erosion. Nevertheless, the implications of such restorations remain uncertain. In this study, we employ the Delft3D wave‐current model to investigate hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics across a tombolo, examining its role as a connector between adjacent beaches. Contrary to expectations, our simulations show only diminutive longshore currents from the updrift beach across the tombolo unless offshore wave heights exceed 8 m. Instead, predominant currents crossing the tombolo originate from offshore of the island, driven by storm‐induced water level differences and circulation cells on both sides of the tombolo. The offshore island shelters the downdrift domain, resulting in higher wave energy and dissipation updrift of the tombolo. Further, increasing wave height or wave approach angle not only intensifies water level differences but also relocates circulation cells, enhancing total sediment transport from the updrift beach across the tombolo. However, in general, the deposition of sediment from the updrift side of the domain does not compensate for the sediment loss on the downdrift beach. We conclude that LST across tombolos is limited and occurs only under extreme wave conditions.
Soil Desiccation Crack Recognition: New Paradigm and Field Application
Authors: Xu Jin‐Jian , Zhang Hao , Tang Chao‐Sheng , Yang Yaowen , Li Lin , Wang Dian‐Long , Liu Bo , Shi Bin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDrought‐induced desiccation cracking can trigger several weakening mechanisms in surface soils, which not only potentially create preferential pathways for gravity‐driven flow and contaminant transport, but also contribute to the instability and failure of slopes and earthen structures. With the continuous innovation of artificial intelligence (AI) and the burgeoning emergence of foundation models, soil desiccation crack recognition (SDCR) is currently undergoing a fundamental shift toward a data‐centric paradigm. This study proposes a knowledge‐driven unsupervised framework for SDCR under complicated and volatile field conditions, referred to as U‐CrackNet framework. Pseudo‐labels for crack recognition are generated through a fusion paradigm that combines strong knowledge from the Segment Anything Model (SAM) developed by Meta AI with weak knowledge derived from threshold‐based methods. An innovative low‐parameter and low‐computational semantic segmentation architecture (Lite‐UNet) is proposed to achieve an effective trade‐off between accuracy and inference speed, which facilitates application on portable devices under challenging field environments. Extensive experimental results unequivocally demonstrate the superior performance of the U‐CrackNet framework in recognizing field soil desiccation cracking, surpassing other state‐of‐the‐art methods in both overall and detailed evaluations. The unsupervised and generalized attributes of U‐CrackNet framework hold substantial potential for developing SDCR foundation model, which not only offers an unprecedented level of precision and adaptability in quantification, evaluation, prediction, and decision‐making of soil desiccation crack phenomena, but also provides a novel perspective for unraveling the causal mechanisms underlying observed surface cracking patterns and climate changes.
Two‐Decadal Variability of Lacustrine Groundwater Discharge: Coupled Controls From Weather and Hydrologic Changes
Authors: Sun Xiaoliang , Du Yao , Wu Jing , Xu Jiawen , Tian Hao , Deng Yamin , Gan Yiqun , Wang Yanxin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) is a vital water and solute source for lakes. However, the understanding of the long‐term temporal variability of LGD remains limited owing to insufficient insights into driving mechanisms, such as climatic and hydrologic changes. In this study, we examined the oxbow lake group in the central Yangtze River (YR) and assessed the LGD rates from 2000 to 2022 using 222Rn combined with meteorological and hydrological data. The findings revealed that groundwater was recharged during the wet season and discharged to the lakes during the dry season. We established a mathematical model to link the LGD rates to the meteorological and hydrological factors of the lakes, which accounted for 98.70% of the LGD rate variance. Using a predictive model combined with meteorological and hydrological data to assess the LGD rate over the past two decades, it was found that in wet years with higher precipitation and higher average YR water levels, the LGD rate was higher. The gradual increase in precipitation during the rising water and wet seasons, along with a slow rise in the YR water levels, will cause the LGD rate to exhibit a slightly increasing trend with fluctuations in the future. This study proposed an innovative approach to investigate the long‐term temporal variation in LGD and identify the weather and hydrological influences on LGD.
An artificial intelligence-assisted digital microfluidic system for multistate droplet control
Authors: Guo Kunlun , Song Zerui , Zhou Jiale , Shen Bin , Yan Bingyong , Gu Zhen , Wang Huifeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDigital microfluidics (DMF) is a versatile technique for parallel and field-programmable control of individual droplets. Given the high level of variability in droplet manipulation, it is essential to establish self-adaptive and intelligent control methods for DMF systems that are informed by the transient state of droplets and their interactions. However, most related studies focus on droplet localization and shape recognition. In this study, we develop the AI-assisted DMF framework μDropAI for multistate droplet control on the basis of droplet morphology. The semantic segmentation model is integrated into our custom-designed DMF system to recognize the droplet states and their interactions for feedback control with a state machine. The proposed model has strong flexibility and can recognize droplets of different colors and shapes with an error rate of less than 0.63%; it enables control of droplets without user intervention. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the volumes of split droplets can be limited to 2.74%, which is lower than the CV of traditional dispensed droplets, contributing to an improvement in the precision of volume control for droplet splitting. The proposed system inspires the development of semantic-driven DMF systems that can interface with multimodal large language models (MLLMs) for fully automatic control.
Therapeutic implications of homologous repair deficiency testing in patients with prostate cancer (Part 2 of 2)
Authors: Serritella Anthony V. , Taylor Amy , Haffner Michael C. , Abida Wassim , Bryce Alan , Karsh Lawrence I. , Tagawa Scott T. , Twardowski Przemyslaw , Armstrong Andrew J. , Lang Joshua M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Unfortunately, not all metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients receive available life-prolonging systemic therapies, emphasizing the need to optimize mCRPC treatment selections. Better guidelines are necessary to determine genetic testing for prostate cancer.

Subjects/Methods
In this two-part expert opinion-based guide, we provide an expert consensus opinion on the utilization of germline and somatic testing to detect HRR alterations in patients with mCRPC. This guide was developed by a multidisciplinary expert panel that convened in 2023-2024, including representatives from medical oncology, urology, radiation oncology, pathology, medical genomics, and basic science.

Results/Conclusions
In this second part, we highlight how genetic testing can lead to improved, life-prolonging mCRPC therapeutic strategies based on a review of the recent phase III trials and subsequent regulatory approvals for PARP inhibitors in mCRPC.
Catalytic undirected methylation of unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds suitable for complex molecules
Authors: Tan Jin-Fay , Kang Yi Cheng , Hartwig John F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn pharmaceutical discovery, the “magic methyl” effect describes a substantial improvement in the pharmacological properties of a drug candidate with the incorporation of methyl groups. Therefore, to expedite the synthesis of methylated drug analogs, late-stage, undirected methylations of C(sp3)−H bonds in complex molecules would be valuable. However, current methods for site-selective methylations are limited to activated C(sp3)−H bonds. Here we describe a site-selective, undirected methylation of unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds, enabled by photochemically activated peroxides and a nickel(II) complex whose turnover is enhanced by an ancillary ligand. The methodology displays compatibility with a wide range of functional groups and a high selectivity for tertiary C−H bonds, making it suitable for the late-stage methylation of complex organic compounds that contain multiple alkyl C−H bonds, such as terpene natural products, peptides, and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Overall, this method provides a synthetic tool to explore the “magic methyl” effect in drug discovery.