bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employing RNA viruses to fight cancer: novel insights into oncolytic virotherapy
Authors: Masemann Dörthe , Boergeling Yvonne , Ludwig Stephan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWithin recent decades, viruses that specifically target tumor cells have emerged as novel therapeutic agents against cancer. These viruses do not only act via their cell-lytic properties, but also harbor immunostimulatory features to re-direct the tumor microenvironment and stimulate tumor-directed immune responses. Furthermore, oncolytic viruses are considered to be superior to classical cancer therapies due to higher selectivity towards tumor cell destruction and, consequently, less collateral damage of non-transformed healthy tissue. In particular, the field of oncolytic RNA viruses is rapidly developing since these agents possess alternative tumor-targeting strategies compared to established oncolytic DNA viruses. Thus, oncolytic RNA viruses have broadened the field of virotherapy facilitating new strategies to fight cancer. In addition to several naturally occurring oncolytic viruses, genetically modified RNA viruses that are armed to express foreign factors such as immunostimulatory molecules have been successfully tested in early clinical trials showing promising efficacy. This review aims to provide an overview of the most promising RNA viruses in clinical development, to summarize the current knowledge of clinical trials using these viral agents, and to discuss the main issues as well as future perspectives of clinical approaches using oncolytic RNA viruses.
Application of FTA® Cards for detection and storage of avian influenza virus
Authors: Jóźwiak Michał , Wyrostek Krzysztof , Domańska-Blicharz Katarzyna , Olszewska-Tomczyk Monika , Śmietanka Krzysztof , Minta Zenon 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to test the utility of Flinders Technology Associates filter paper (FTA® Cards) for molecular detection and storage of avian influenza virus (AIV). Material and Methods: There were two strains of AIV used in the study: low pathogenicity H7N1 and high pathogenicity H5N1 subtypes. Detection of viral material was conducted using molecular RT-PCR and rRT- PCR method. Results: The infectivity of LPAIV/H7N1 and HPAIV/H5N1 was completely inactivated within 1 h and 24 h after adsorption to FTA® Cards at room temperature, respectively. Viruses stored on FTA® Cards had detection limit approximately 1 log10 lower than live viruses. Viral RNA of both strains were detectable on the cards by rRT-PCR for a minimum of 150 d, irrespectively of storage temperatures (room temperature, -20ºC). RNA was also detected in all samples obtained from SPF chickens experimentally infected with HPAI/H5N1 on 3rd and 4th day post-infection (p.i.).
Conclusion: FTA® Cards enable safe and effective alternative transport of samples for molecular diagnosis of AIV.
Oxidative stress and antioxidant defence markers in muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after vaccination against Yersinia ruckeri
Authors: Tkachenko Halyna , Grudniewska Joanna , Pękala Agnieszka , Terech-Majewska Elżbieta 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The goal of this study was to assess the influence of vaccination against enteric redmouth disease on oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant defence in the muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) vaccinated against Yersinia ruckeri in the first and second month after immunisation. Material and Methods: Healthy fish were vaccinated orally with inactivated whole cells of a virulent strain of Y. ruckeri. One and two months after immunisation the muscle samples were collected. Results: No significant difference was noted in lipid peroxidation level in either the first or second month after vaccination, while aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins (OMB) in the vaccinated group were significantly lower in the second month compared to those in the first month after vaccination (P < 0.05). The content of ketonic derivatives of OMB in muscles in the first month after immunisation was higher compared to untreated control. All these culminated in a depletion of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and low level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Conclusion: Correlations between catalase activity and lipid peroxidation and TAC confirmed the pivotal role of catalase in antioxidant defence during immunisation. From a broader perspective, it is suggested that immunisation of fish with Yersinia vaccine is associated with induced free radical formation and oxidative stress. Free radicals would therefore be at least partially responsible for the induction of both humoral and cellular elements of the immunity and increased protective immunity against Y. ruckeri infection.
Analytical procedure for the determination of tetracyclines in medicated feedingstuffs by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Patyra Ewelina , Kwiatek Krzysztof 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The article presents a rapid and simple analytical procedure for determination of four tetracyclines (oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline) in animal medicated feedingstuffs. Material and Methods: Two-gramme samples were extracted by a Na2EDTA-McIlvaine buffer (pH 4)/methanol mixtures (40/60, v/v). The determination was achieved by liquid chromatography using a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 analytical column with mass spectrometer detection (LC-MS). Results: Recoveries of the antibiotics from spiked feed samples ranged from 78.2% to 113.5%. The LOD and LOQ for tetracyclines in feeds ranged from 2.8 to 4.2 and from 4.3 to 5.7 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion: The method was successfully validated and proved to be efficient, precise, and useful for quantification of tetracyclines in medicated feedingstuffs.
Concentration of mercury in muscles of predatory and non-predatory fish from lake Pluszne (Poland)
Authors: Łuczyńska Joanna , Łuczyński Marek Jan , Paszczyk Beata , Tońska Elżbieta 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The study examined the concentration of total mercury and correlation coefficients between fish size or FCF (condition factor) and the content of Hg in muscle tissue of six freshwater fish: bream (Abramis brama L.), roach (Rutilus rutilus L.), whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.), vendace (Coregonus albula L.), perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), and pike (Esox lucius L.). Material and Methods: The fish were caught from the Lake Pluszne located in the Olsztyn Lake District (Poland). Mercury was analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry using Milestone DMA-80 (with dual-cell). Results: The content of the element in the muscles of the examined fish was as follows: pike (0.197 mg/kg) ≈ perch (0.173 mg/kg) > vendace (0.114 mg/kg) ≈ roach (0.095 mg/kg) and roach ≈ whitefish (0.065 mg/kg), and whitefish ≈ bream (0.042 mg/kg) (p ≤ 0.05). In all cases, the content of mercury correlated positively with the body weight and total length of the fish. Only the correlation coefficients between mercury concentration and weight or length of bream were slightly higher (0.979 and 0.977 respectively, p ≤ 0.001). The length and weight relationship of the fish was also determined. Conclusion: The results showed that the levels of mercury were lower than the maximum acceptable limit established by the Commission Regulation (EC) No 629/2008 of 2 July 2008. Thus, they are safe from consumer health point of view.
Relationship between the pre- and postpartum body condition scores and periparturient indices and fertility in high-yielding dairy cows
Authors: Stefańska Barbara , Poźniak Agnieszka , Nowak Włodzimierz 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) determined on the dry-off day, calving day, and in the first month of lactation, its changes during the dry period and early lactation, and periparturient indices and fertility in high-producing dairy cows. Material and Methods: The experiment was conducted in two herds: A and B, located in Western Poland. The studies were conducted on 116 and 108 Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows respectively, with an average milk yield of >10 000 kg/305-day lactation. The experiment included the dry period (-56 d to the calving day), the calving day, and early lactation (from +1 to +56 d). The experimental factor was BCS (0 to 5-point scale). The BCS was performed by one person on day -56, on parturition day (in the first 12 h after calving) and on day 30 of lactation. Results: A decrease in BCS (≥-0.25) in herd A during the dry period accelerated the planned calving period by 7.3 d. In the group of cows with BCS <3.25 on the dry-off day, the lowest artificial insemination index (1.80), the shortest period of insemination services (25 d), and days open (87 d) were recorded. Moreover, cows with BCS < 3.25 at calving had the shortest days open (91 d). BCS >3.50 in the first month of lactation (30 d) resulted in the extension of uterine involution period (56 d). Improvement of BCS during the dry period shortened the anoestrus (60 d) in herd A and the period of insemination service (60 d) in herd B. However, in this group (IM BCS ≥ 0.25) of cows the day of the highest artificial insemination index (2.50) in herd B was analysed. Conclusion: The body condition on the dry-off day and at calving, as well as its deterioration in the first month of lactation, have a considerable effect on fertility indices in dairy cows, thus confirming the advisability of its regular monitoring during routine operations connected with the management of a dairy cattle herd.
Histomorphometric study of the canine prostate during ageing and in cases of benign prostate hyperplasia
Authors: Juodziukyniene Nomeda , Aniuliene Albina 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to examine the percentage volume of epithelium, acini, and interstitial collagen in the nonhyperplastic canine prostate and in cases of epithelial and epithelial cystic hyperplasia. Material and Methods: A histomorphometric study of 39 prostates was performed using computer image analysis. Results: The highest percentage volume of epithelium was found in cases of epithelial hyperplasia (47.8 %) and epithelial cystic hyperplasia was the correlate for acini (48.97 %). Epithelium decreased with dogs’ age (P < 0.01), whereas acini increased (P < 0.01). Interstitial collagen varied only insignificantly across age groups, but collagen was higher (12.1 %) in the nonhyperplastic prostates. With age cystic formation progressed in the canine prostate, the percentage volume of epithelium decreased and that of acini increased, but this same parameter in prostatic collagen did not change distinctly. The epithelium percentage volume increased in cases of epithelial hyperplasia but the cystic variant caused an increase in acinar volume. Conclusion: As dogs age, cystic formation progresses in the prostate, therefore the volume of epithelium decreases and that of acini increases. The volume of prostatic collagen did not change distinctly with age, and was higher in normal prostates than in both epithelial and epithelial cystic hyperplastic glands.
Seasonality and habitat influence on bat assemblage structure in an urban Atlantic Forest remnant from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Novaes Roberto Leonan M. , Souza Renan F. , Felix Saulo , Siqueira André C. , Laurindo Rafael S. , Menezes Luis Fernando , Shapiro Julie T. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is a severely threatened biodiversity hotspot and many remnants exist only as fragments. In order to understand how bat assemblage structure within a forest fragment surrounded by an urban matrix might respond to seasonality and different habitats, we sampled bats over 39 nights in the forest fragment of Gericinó-Mendanha Massif, Rio de Janeiro State. From February 2006 to January 2010, we captured 874 bats, belonging to 25 species and eight different feeding guilds. Frugivorous species were the most abundant, representing 83.33% of captures, and the gleaning insectivores were the least abundant (1.47%). We did not find changes in bat species composition between seasons, although capture rate was higher in the rainy season. However, we did find significant differences in species abundance between seasons. The habitat influence did not significantly differentiate the assemblages, but species richness was higher in the mature ombrophilous forest. The community composition indicates that this conservation unit is an important remaining fragment for maintaining the diversity and richness of bats, although it is possible that historical processes of environmental exploitation have already resulted in a loss of species.
Performance and Selectivity of Ceramic Membranes in the Ultrafiltration of Model Emulsion in Saline
Authors: Ćwirko Konrad , Kalbarczyk-Jedynak Agnieszka 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Oily wastewaters from different onshore and offshore installations and from maritime transport pose a serious threat to the environment so they must be treated by multistage separation also including membrane processes. The main advantages of such membranes are high performance and selectivity, high resistance for temperature and pressure, resistance for acids, bases and solvents, long service life and for application - significant reduction of industries and transport environmental impact. This work presents the results of the process of separation of oil from the emulsion with NaCl addition. Research was performed with a use of laboratory installation with ceramic 300 kDa membrane. The analysis concerned performance and selectivity of a membrane in the function of time and test results have been subsequently compared with the requirements of the IMO.
Technology of Producing the Contact Connections of Superconductor Metal-Sheathed Cable
Authors: Jakubowski Andrzej 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe technology of producing the current contact connections on the superconductor cable edges is presented. This lead cable is used as one of the major elements of the magnetic system in thermonuclear reactor construction, actuality for modern world energy. The technology is realized by the radial draft of metal thin-walled tube on the conductor’s package. The filling of various profiles by round section wire is optimized. Geometrical characteristics of the dangerous crosssection (as a broken ring) of thin-walled tube injured by the sector cut-out are accounted. The comparative strength calculation of the solid and injured tubes at a longitudinal compression and lateral bending is acted. The radial draft mechanism of cylindrical thin-walled sheath with the wire packing is designed. The necessity to use the nonlinear theory for the sheaths calculate is set. The resilient co-operation of wires as the parallel located cylinders with the contact stripes of rectangular form is considered.
Controlled Chemical Synthesis in CVD Graphene
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Liu Yunqi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDue to the unique properties of graphene, single layer, bilayer or even few layer graphene peeled off from bulk graphite cannot meet the need of practical applications. Large size graphene with quality comparable to mechanically exfoliated graphene has been synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The main development and the key issues in controllable chemical vapor deposition of graphene has been briefly discussed in this chapter. Various strategies for graphene layer number and stacking control, large size single crystal graphene domains on copper, graphene direct growth on dielectric substrates, and doping of graphene have been demonstrated. The methods summarized here will provide guidance on how to synthesize other two-dimensional materials beyond graphene.
Developments in the use of rare earth metal complexes as efficient catalysts for ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters used in biomedical applications
Authors: Cota Iuliana 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBiodegradable polymers represent a class of particularly useful materials for many biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Among these types of polyesters, poly(ε-caprolactone) and polylactides are considered very promising for controlled drug delivery devices. These polymers are mainly produced by ring-opening polymerization of their respective cyclic esters, since this method allows a strict control of the molecular parameters (molecular weight and distribution) of the obtained polymers. The most widely used catalysts for ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters are tin- and aluminium-based organometalliccomplexes; however since the contamination of the aliphatic polyesters by potentially toxic metallic residues is particularly of concern for biomedical applications, the possibility of replacing organometallic initiators by novel less toxic or more efficient organometallic complexes has been intensively studied. Thus, in the recent years, the use of highly reactive rare earth initiators/catalysts leading to lower polymer contamination has been developed. The use of rare earth complexes is considered a valuable strategy to decrease the polyester contamination by metallic residues and represents an attractive alternative to traditional organometallic complexes.
Eremiti, monaci e città nell’esperienza religiosa dell’Italia medievale
Authors: Vitolo Giovanni 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Das Verhaltnis zwischen Monchtum und stadtischem Umfeld war seit der Antike sehr eng, doch in der kollektiven Vorstellung und ikonographischen Tradition des Mittelalters stellte sich die monastische Landschaft als eine Welt dar, die von Eremiten oder religiosen Gemeinschaften in einer landlichen Umgebung bevolkert wurde; ihr Ort war zumeist unwirtlich und besas auf jeden Fall keinerlei Bezug zur Realitat. Vom Ende des 14. bis zur Mitte des nachfolgenden Jahrhunderts sties in der Toskana und insbesondere in Florenz das ikonographische Thema der Thebais, worin die Wustenvat er vor dem Hintergrund toskanischer Landschaften portratiert wurden, auf grose Resonanz. In diesem Zusammenhang verkorpert das Gemalde von Paolo Uccello in der florentinischen Galleria dell’Accademia eine Neuerung in zweifacher Hinsicht. Vor allem werden hier nicht die heiligen Monche des spatantiken Orients abgebildet, sondern mit Ausnahme des hl. Hieronymus Figuren und Erfahrungen des westlichen Monchtums im Mittelalter wiedergegeben. Uberdies sind die Szenen nicht nebeneinander angeordnet, sondern zeichnen einen Weg zur Vervollkommnung nach, der in die totale, durch die Stigmata des hl. Franziskus dargestellte Identifizierung mit Christus mundet.
Giovanni Manzini della Motta (ca. 1362–vor 1422)
Authors: Haye Thomas 
Published: April 2017

Riassunto
Giovanni Manzini della Motta (ca. 1362-prima del 1422) e considerato oggi un importante rappresentante del primo umanesimo italiano. Tale giudizio si basa su tre considerazioni: in primo luogo nutriva una profonda venerazione per Petrarca, in secondo luogo era in contatto con famosi studiosi come Antonio Loschi e Coluccio Salutati, e infine compose una tragedia seguendo i modelli antichi. La sua attivita di storiografo, invece, e a tutt’oggi poco indagata. Un codice della Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (BAV, Vat. Lat. 14162), sostanzialmente autografo, permette di seguire l’evoluzione di Manzini da segretario ad autore di esposizioni storiografiche e di tracciare la sua idea di storiografia tragica, influenzata non ultimo da Boccaccio. Il presente saggio offre una descrizione del contenuto del Codice vaticano, conduce un’indagine sulle fonti della cronaca in esso contenuta e compilata da Manzini, e propone un’edizione critica della parte finale di tale cronaca che si riferisce al presente dell’epoca.
Die Statuten des Appellations- und Syndikatsrichters in Lucca aus dem Jahr 1372 (mit Edition)
Authors: Lepsius Susanne 
Published: April 2017

Riassunto
Dopo la riconquista della liberta nel 1369 si poneva come uno dei primi doveri della politica di Lucca di riformulare gli Statuti cittadini. Oltre agli Statuti generali si rivolse una maggiore attenzione agli Statuti particulari relativi al sistema giudiziario. Gli Statuti per il giudice di appello, redatti nel 1372, sono piu dettagliati in confronto con la prima versione del 1331. Venivano precisate le varie istanze la cui ultima era comunque rappresentata da una corte cittadina. Era pertanto garantito anche a livello dell’organizzazione giudiziaria l’indipendenza da qualsiasi potere esterno, anche da quello dell’imperatore che del resto accordava a Lucca altri importanti privilegi. Si stabilivano poi le sanzioni per i giudici di prima istanza che avevano malgiudicato un caso o avevano tralasciato di documentare con atti scritti i processi da loro presieduti. Dall’altro lato si confermavano i piu antichi Statuti conservati relativi al giudice di sindacatura, creando un’apposita istanza a livello ordinario e regolare. Nella precisione di regolamentazione e ricchezza di dettagli tutt’e due gli Statuti sono unici esempi per l’Italia del Trecento, e per questo motivo vengono editi qui.
Der Regen, das Korn und das Salz: die Madonna di San Luca und das Wettermirakel von 1433
Authors: Bauch Martin 
Published: April 2017

Riassunto
Il miracoloso cambiamento del tempo, avvenuto dopo settimane di incessante pioggia nel luglio del 1433 a Bologna durante una processione della Madonna di San Luca, viene collocato ora per la prima volta in un contesto che va oltre la storia della pietà: nel presente articolo si studiano le fonti fi scali e amministrativi di Bologna per tracciare la situazione socio-economica e politica della città e del contado nella prima metà degli anni Trenta del XV secolo e per valutare l’eventuale parte avuta dalle avversità metereologiche nell’inasprire la crisi. In particolare si esaminano le carte dell’Uffi cio del Sale e della Tesoreria e la loro utilità per le ricerche storico-climatici. La ricostruzione - sulla base di fonti narrative - di eventi metereologici estremi, di epidemie e carestie, verifi catisi negli anni Trenta del XV secolo in tutta Italia, e un accenno alla situazione europea mostrano che il rischio di avversità climatiche è meno forte nell’area mediterranea che nei territori a nord delle Alpi. Infi ne si indaga il nesso causale tra precipitazioni e periodi di carestia e si tematizza la mancata considerazione di fattori naturali da parte della ricerca italiana sulla fame.