bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A p75 neurotrophin receptor‐sparing nerve growth factor protects retinal ganglion cells from neurodegeneration by targeting microglia
Authors: Latini Laura , De Araujo Daniel Souza Monteiro , Amato Rosario , Canovai Alessio , Buccarello Lucia , De Logu Francesco , Novelli Elena , Vlasiuk Anastasiia , Malerba Francesca , Arisi Ivan , Florio Rita , Asari Hiroki , Capsoni Simona , Strettoi Enrica , Villetti Gino , Imbimbo Bruno Pietro , Dal Monte Massimo , Nassini Romina , Geppetti Pierangelo , Marinelli Silvia , Cattaneo Antonino 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeRetinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the output stage of retinal information processing, via their axons forming the optic nerve (ON). ON damage leads to axonal degeneration and death of RGCs, and results in vision impairment. Nerve growth factor (NGF) signalling is crucial for RGC operations and visual functions. Here, we investigate a new neuroprotective mechanism of a novel therapeutic candidate, a p75‐less, TrkA‐biased NGF agonist (hNGFp) in rat RGC degeneration, in comparison with wild type human NGF (hNGFwt).Experimental ApproachBoth neonate and adult rats, whether subjected or not to ON lesion, were treated with intravitreal injections or eye drops containing either hNGFp or hNGFwt. Different doses of the drugs were administered at days 1, 4 or 7 after injury for a maximum of 10 days, when immunofluorescence, electrophysiology, cellular morphology, cytokine array and behaviour studies were carried out. Pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed on rabbits treated with hNGFp ocular drops.ResultshNGFp exerted a potent RGC neuroprotection by acting on microglia cells, and outperformed hNGFwt in rescuing RGC degeneration and reducing inflammatory molecules. Delayed use of hNGFp after ON lesion resulted in better outcomes compared with treatment with hNGFwt. Moreover, hNGFp‐based ocular drops were less algogenic than hNGFwt. Pharmacokinetic measurements revealed that biologically relevant quantities of hNGFp were found in the rabbit retina.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur data point to microglia as a new cell target through which NGF‐induced TrkA signalling exerts neuroprotection of the RGC, emphasizing hNGFp as a powerful treatment to tackle retinal degeneration.
Isoquercetin Ameliorates Osteoarthritis via Nrf2/NF‐κB Axis: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Yu He , Lou Junsheng , Ni Libin , Yan Minwei , Zhu Kewu , Mao Su , Zhu Jungao 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and inflammation, which is involved with pathological microenvironmental alterations induced by damaged chondrocytes. However, current therapies are not effective in alleviating the progression of OA. Isoquercetin is a natural flavonoid glycoside compound that has various pharmacological effects including anticancer, anti‐diabetes and blood lipid regulation. Previous evidence suggests that isoquercetin has anti‐inflammatory properties in various diseases, but its effect on OA has not been investigated yet. In this study, through western bolt, qRT‐PCR and ELISA, it was found that isoquercetin could reduce the increase of ADAMTS5, MMP13, COX‐2, iNOS and IL‐6 induced by IL‐1β, suggesting that isoquercetin could inhibit the inflammation and ECM degradation of chondrocytes. Through nuclear‐plasma separation technique, western blot and immunocytochemistry, it can be found that Nrf2 and NF‐κB pathways are activated in this process, and isoquercetin may rely on this process to play its protective role. In vivo, the results of X‐ray and SO staining show that intra‐articular injection of isoquercetin reduces the degradation of cartilage in the mouse OA model. In conclusion, the present work suggests that isoquercetin may benefit chondrocytes by regulating the Nrf2/NF‐κB signaling axis, which supports isoquercetin as a potential drug for the treatment of OA.
Fucoxanthin Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion‐Induced Injury via AMPK/GSK‐3β/Nrf2 Axis
Authors: Zhang Qianrong , Jin Aiping , Cheng Haijuan , Li Shulin , Li Wei 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTFucoxanthin (Fx), a xanthophyll carotenoid abundant in brown algae, possesses several biological functions, such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and cardiac‐protective activities. However, the role of Fx in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Fx on MI/R‐induced injury and explore the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that in vitro, Fx treatment significantly suppressed inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). In addition, Fx led to increased phosphorylation of AMPK, AKT, and GSK‐3β, and enhanced activation of Nrf2 in cardiomyocytes under H/R conditions. Notably, pretreatment with Compound C (AMPK inhibitor), partially reduced the beneficial effects of Fx in cardiomyocytes exposed to H/R. In vivo, Fx ameliorated myocardial damage, inhibited inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, and activated the AMPK/GSK‐3β/Nrf2 signaling in myocardial tissues in MI/R rat model. Taken together, these findings indicated that Fx attenuates MI/R‐induced injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. The AMPK/GSK‐3β/Nrf2 pathway is involved in the cardioprotective effect of Fx in MI/R injury. Thus, Fx may be a promising drug for the treatment of MI/R.
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalating phase IIa trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of multiple oral doses of Pynegabine tablets as add‐on therapy in patients with focal epilepsy
Authors: Wei Shan , Shiwen Weng , Cao‐wenjing Chang , Huajun Yang , Qun Wang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aims to investigate the safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of Pynegabine as an add‐on therapy in the treatment of focal epilepsy.MethodologyThis is a protocol phase‐IIa, randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study in patients with focal epilepsy from multiple centers in China who have been treated with at least 2 ASMs without effective control. The study involves an 8‐week run‐in period with stable use of previous medications. Patients are then randomized to receive either Pynegabine or a placebo. Sentinel administration is performed initially, and subsequent patients are randomized based on safety assessments. Three dose cohorts (15, 20, and 25 mg/d) are established. Efficacy is assessed through various measures, including seizure frequency, CGI score, PGI score, HAMA score, HAMD score, MoCA scale score, QOLIE‐31 scale score, and 12 h‐EEG score. Safety evaluations, PK blood samples, concomitant medications, and adverse events are also recorded.ConclusionData from the study will be used to evaluate the safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of Pynegabine tablets as add‐on therapy for focal epilepsy.
Effect of ferric citrate on hippocampal iron accumulation and widespread molecular alterations associated with cognitive disorder in an ovariectomized mice model
Authors: Cui Lingling , Zhou Huijun , Hao Yudan , Yang Xiaoli , Li Zhiqian , Gao Yuting , Zhang Zhengya , Ren Lina , Ji Linpu , Sun Ruijie , Wang Yibo , Wang Xian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveNowadays, the prevalence of cognitive impairment in women has gradually increased, especially in postmenopausal women. There were few studies on the mechanistic effects of iron exposure on neurotoxicity in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of iron accumulation on cognitive ability in ovariectomized mice and its possible mechanism and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction in postmenopausal women.MethodsFemale C57BL/6N ovariectomized model mice were induced with ferric citrate (FAC). The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, sham, ovariectomized (Ovx), Ovx + 50 mg/kg FAC (Ovx + l), and Ovx + 100 mg/kg FAC (Ovx + h). The impact of motor and cognitive function was verified by a series of behavioral tests. The levels of serum iron parameters, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase were measured. The ultrastructure of mice hippocampal microglia was imaged by transmission electron microscopy. The differential expression of hippocampal proteins was analyzed by Tandem Mass Tag labeling.ResultsMovement and cognitive function in Ovx + l/Ovx + h mice were significantly decreased compared to control and Sham mice. Then, iron exposure caused histopathological changes in the hippocampus of mice. In addition, proteomic analysis revealed that 29/27/41 proteins were differentially expressed in the hippocampus when compared by Ovx vs. Sham, Ovx + l vs. Ovx, as well as Ovx + h vs. Ovx + l groups, respectively. Moreover, transferrin receptor protein (TFR1) and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) protein expression were significantly increased in the iron accumulation mice model with ovariectomy.ConclusionIron exposure could cause histopathological damage in the hippocampus of ovariectomised mice and, by altering hippocampal proteomics, particularly the expression of hippocampal iron metabolism‐related proteins, could further influence cognitive impairment in ovariectomized mice.
Designing and delivering climate training for natural resource managers: Increasing climate literacy and action through education and engagement
Authors: Kuster Emma L. , Miller Hesed Christine D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResponding to climate impacts and expanding adaptation efforts necessitates getting the right knowledge and tools in the hands of land managers and decision‐makers. In 2022–2023, several regional US Geological Survey Climate Adaptation Science Centers partnered with the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Science Applications Program on the first targeted climate training series designed for the FWS Grassland Ecosystem Team. This training spanned multiple months and formats with self‐paced virtual lessons, webinars, and an in‐person workshop. As the FWS Grassland Ecosystem Team is tasked with conservation planning for grassland birds and other species, the focus of the workshop was an interactive collaborative activity incorporating species adaptive capacity assessments, future climate projections, and adaptation menus into the decision‐making process. Herein, we describe the methods used to design and deliver the training series, as well as lessons learned for future climate literacy programs aimed at natural resource managers.
Sarcopenia in Children Post Liver Transplant: Development of a Home‐Based Video Program to Support Muscle Strength and Function—A Pre–Post Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Hager Amber , Boule Normand , Pritchard Lesley , Hodgetts Sandra , Noga Michelle , Guo Yuxin , Mazurak Vera , Grenier Justin , Thompson Richard , Gilmour Susan M. , Mager Diana R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionSarcopenia is common in children after liver transplantation (LTx). Resistance training (RT) may be effective in combating sarcopenia.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to test the feasibility and impact of a 12‐week RT program on skeletal muscle mass (SMM), muscle strength, physical performance (PP), and child–parent perspectives about RT.MethodsChildren (6–18 years) post‐LTx and healthy controls (HC) underwent progressive RT using resistance bands. SMM and adipose tissue (MRI: abdomen and thigh), muscle strength (handgrip, push‐ups, sit‐to‐stand), and PP (6‐minute walk test [6MWT], timed‐up‐and‐down‐stair test [TUDS]) were measured before and after 12‐weeks of RT.ResultsTen children post‐LTx (11.9 ± 3.5 years) and 13 HC (11.7 ± 3.9 years) participated. LTx children significantly increased abdominal SM‐index (+4.6% LTx vs. a −2.7% HC; p = 0.01) and decreased visceral adipose tissue‐index (−18% LTx vs. −0.8% HC; p = 0.04) compared to HC. No thigh SMI changes were noted. Significant increases in 6MWT distance (LTx; p = 0.04), number of push‐ups (p = 0.04), and greater reduction times for TUDS (−10.6% vs. +1.7%; p = 0.05) occurred after 12 weeks. Higher thigh muscle‐fat content was associated with worse physical performance. These results were impacted by adherence (≥75% vs. <75%) and family engagement.ConclusionsRT in children post‐LTx is feasible and effective. RT in children post‐LTx may alleviate adverse outcomes associated with sarcopenia.
Prognostic impact of right atrial strain in systemic lupus erythematosus with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Hu Jie , Deng Yan , Dai Ping , Xie Dong‐Wei , Lan Wei‐Fang , Tan Xiao‐Lan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess right atrial (RA) function, including RA phase strain, via speckle‐tracking echocardiography (STE) in a cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and in particular to explore the relationship between RA phase strain and the occurrence of cardiovascular events.MethodsSTE analyses of RA function were evaluated in patients with SLE‐PAH and in 33 healthy control subjects. Clinical associations, serum biomarkers, echocardiographic data, survival times, and adverse cardiovascular events were evaluated.ResultsA total of 66 patients with SLE‐PAH were enrolled; they were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of adverse clinical events. RA phase strain was significantly reduced in patients with events than in patients without events. The endpoint was defined as the combined outcome of all‐cause mortality, right heart failure, and rehospitalization due to disease progression. During a mean follow‐up of 17.2 ± 9.9 months, 23 patients (35%) reached the endpoint. Compared with patients with RA reservoir strain (RASr) ≥33.45%, patients with RASr < 33.45% had more adverse long‐term outcomes (log rank p < .0001). RASr was independently associated with adverse clinical outcomes according to multivariate analysis (p = .010).ConclusionOur data suggest that RA function has prognostic value for SLE‐PAH patients, and strain analysis revealed that the worse the RA function is, the worse the prognosis.
Patient Feedback Applied in Undergraduate Dental Education for Individual Student Development and Assessment: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bateman Heidi Louise , McCracken Giles Ian 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionActive involvement of patients in healthcare professional education is well established, taking a variety of forms. There is a steer towards patient feedback informing the development of dental students and while there is recognition of its potential value to individual students, challenges exist related to collection and use. What is unclear is, within a dental education setting, the extent and use of patient feedback to individual students. A scoping review was conducted to assess and map the volume and characteristics of the research/literature in this area.MethodsSystematic searches of bibliographic databases Ovid MEDLINE(R), Scopus, ERIC and Embase were conducted, and wider literature (Google Scholar) was searched. Screening was conducted based on eligibility criteria and a customised data charting form was used.ResultsThe electronic and citation tracking searches identified 1021 studies. After duplicates were removed, 778 studies were screened by title and abstract, and 718 studies were found to be irrelevant to the current review. Sixty full‐text studies were assessed for eligibility, 46 studies were excluded, and 14 studies were included for data charting.ConclusionThis review has identified that patient feedback has been captured through both simulated and real patient encounters. There was a bias towards feedback generated through simulated patient encounters. Feedback was reported to support the development of a range of skills, most frequently communication and patient management. Challenges that were identified by researchers related to staff/student engagement and available resources.
Positive soil priming effects are the rule at a global scale
Authors: Xu Shengwen , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Kuzyakov Yakov , Wu Yan , Liu Lihu , Yang Yuyi , Li Yaying , Yu Yongxiang , Zhu Biao , Yao Huaiying 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPriming effects of soil organic matter decomposition are critical to determine carbon budget and turnover in soil. Yet, the overall direction and intensity of soil priming remains under debate. A second‐order meta‐analysis was performed with 9296‐paired observations from 363 primary studies to determine the intensity and general direction of priming effects depending on the compound type, nutrient availability, and ecosystem type. We found that fresh carbon inputs induced positive priming effects (+37%) in 97% of paired observations. Labile compounds induced larger priming effects (+73%) than complex organic compounds (+33%). Nutrients (e.g., N, P) added with organic compounds reduced the intensity of priming effects compared to compounds without N and P, reflecting “nutrient mining from soil organic matter” as one of the main mechanisms of priming effects. Notably, tundra, lakebeds, wetlands, and volcanic soils showed much larger priming effects (+125%) compared to soils under forests, croplands, and grasslands (+24…+32%). Our findings highlight that positive priming effects are predominant in most soils at a global scale. Optimizing strategies to incorporate fresh organic matter and nutrients is urgently needed to offset the priming‐induced accelerated organic carbon turnover and possible losses.
Global Distribution of Mammalian Cradles and Museums is Driven by Past Climate Dynamics and Present Water–Energy Balance
Authors: Araujo Matheus L. , Coelho Marco Túlio P. , Cassemiro Fernanda A. S. , Rangel Thiago F. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo describe worldwide distribution of mammalian cradles and museums using the rates of phylogenetic lineage turnover as a surrogate. Additionally, we investigated the influences of current water–energy dynamics, climate instability, past climate changes and elevational ranges on the distribution of these evolutionary zones.LocationGlobal.Time PeriodCurrent.Major Taxa StudiedTerrestrial mammals.MethodsWe developed a new methodology that consists of calculating the spatial phylogenetic turnover for non‐overlapping temporal segments of phylogenetic trees. By calculating the relative turnover in each tree segment, we quantified the rate of accumulation of phylogenetic turnover through time. We depicted cold and hotspots of rates of lineage turnover using bivariate maps and examined the effects of environmental factors using a path model.ResultsThe distributions of cradles and museums of biodiversity are primarily driven by water–energy dynamics. Environments with higher water availability than energetic demand predominantly act as cradles, as seen in tropical rainforests, while xeric‐like environments predominantly serve as museums. Conversely, regions undergoing higher historical climate changes become cradles, such as in higher northern latitudes, while climatically stable areas function as museums. Mountains play a dual role, acting as both cradles and museums by generating new lineages along their elevation bands while simultaneously providing climate refuges for ancient mammal lineages.Main ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that cradles and museums are not merely a dichotomy but exist along an evolutionary continuum. Furthermore, they reveal how spatial patterns of mammalian cradles and museums are intricately shaped by biogeographical processes governed by environmental forces. Uncovering these hidden effects provides insights into the ecological mechanisms by which ongoing climate changes continually shape evolutionary assemblages over time.
Reporting quality of scoping reviews in endodontics: A meta‐research study
Authors: Tzanetakis Giorgos N. , Petridis Xenos , Jakovljevic Aleksandar , Koletsi Despina , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Duncan Henry F. , Dummer Paul M. H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the reporting quality of Scoping Reviews (ScRs) in endodontics according to the PRISMA Extension Checklist for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) and to analyse their association with a range of publication and methodological/reporting characteristics.MethodsPubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to 31 January 2024 to identify scoping reviews in the field of endodontics. An additional search was performed in three leading endodontic journals. Study selection and appraising the quality of the studies was carried out independently by two reviewers. Each of the 20 PRISMA‐ScR items were allocated a score of either 0, 0.5 or 1 to reflect the completeness of the reporting. An item‐specific and overall percentage reporting quality score was calculated and reported through descriptive statistics across a range of publication, as well as methodological/reporting characteristics. A univariable and multivariable quantile regression was performed to identify the effect of publication and methodological/reporting characteristics (year of publication, journal, inclusion of an appropriate reporting guideline, and study registration) on the overall percentage reporting quality score. Association of reporting quality score with publication characteristics was then investigated.ResultsA total of 40 ScRs were identified and included for appraisal. Most of the studies were published from 2021 onwards. The overall median reporting quality score was 86%. The most frequent items not included in the studies were: a priori protocol registration (22/40 compliant; 55%), and reporting of funding (16/40 compliant; 40%). Other key elements that were inadequately reported were the abstract (7/40 compliant; 18%), the rationale and justification of the ScR (21/40 compliant; 52%) and the objectives of the study (18/40 compliant; 45%). Studies that adhered to appropriate reporting guidelines were associated with greater reporting quality scores (β‐coefficient: 10; 95%CI: 1.1, 18.9; p = .03). ScRs with protocols registered a priori had significantly greater reporting quality scores (β‐coefficient: 12.5; 95%CI: 6.1, 18.9; p < .001), compared with non‐registered reviews.ConclusionsThe reporting quality of the ScRs in endodontics varied and was greater when the ScR protocols were registered a priori and when the authors adhered to reporting guidelines.
The effect of MnO2 additive on the microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium aluminate spinel
Authors: Ji Guo‐rong , Feng Ming , Hao Huilan , Gao Yunfeng , Zhu Baoshun , Tian Yu‐ming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, varying amounts of MnO2 up to 5 wt.% were added to magnesium aluminate spinel (MA) bodies using a solid‐state sintering method at 1200–1600°C. The effect of MnO2 addition on the phase composition, microstructure, distribution of elements, and ionic valence of MA was investigated via X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The results showed that Mg2+ ions in MA crystals were replaced by Mn2+ ions, resulting in the formation of the (Mg1‐xMnx)Al2O4 solid solution. The distorted crystal structures promoted the sintering reactions, and the mechanical characteristics of MA were greatly improved by the solid solution strengthening process. When the additive amount of MnO2 was 5 wt.% and the sintered temperature reached at 1600°C, excess manganese ions hardly dissolved into the lattice of MA. And these ions were only distributed at the grain boundaries of MgAl2O4, forming a “barrier” that hindered the migration and diffusion of particles, thereby suppressing the sintering process and weakening the mechanical strength of MA.