bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory activity of highly oxygenated terpenoids from Achillea biebersteinii Afan
Authors: Mohamed Abou El-Hamd H. , Mohamed Naglaa S. , Hamed Ahmed R. , Hegazy Mohamed-Elamir F. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In continuation of our chemical investigation on some medicinal plants of the genus Achillea, chromatographic investigation of the methylene chloride/methanol (1:1) extract of the air-dried aerial part of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (family Asteraceae) afforded a new natural monoterpene (2), in addition to two known sesquiterpenes (3 and 4). Compound 1 was isolated as light needle crystals. Structures were established on the basis of MS and NMR spectroscopic (1H, 13C, 1H-1H correlation spectroscopy, heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation) data and in case of compound 1 were confirmed by X-ray analysis. All isolated compounds were examined for their anti-inflammatory activity to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Compounds 3 and 4 produced a promising anti-inflammatory effect (76% and 80% inhibition, respectively). However, compounds 1 and 2 produced moderate inhibition of NO release recording a 41% and 36% inhibition of NO production, respectively.
Effect of Direct Whole-Body Vibration on Upper-Body Muscular Power in Recreational, Resistance-Trained Men
Authors: Jones Margaret T. , Martin Joel R. , Jagim Andrew R. , Oliver Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Jones, MT, Martin, JR, Jagim, AR, and Oliver, JM. Effect of direct whole-body vibration on upper-body muscular power in recreational, resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1371–1377, 2017—To determine the acute effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) on upper-body power, 15 men (mean ± SD; age 21.5 ± 2.3 years; height 173.1 ± 6.5 cm; and weight 77.2 ± 13.8 kg) with ≥1-year resistance training experience and a bench press (BP): body mass ratio ≥1.25 participated in a repeated-measures crossover design. Session 1 included body composition ([Bod Pod] 15.76 ± 6.7% body fat), 3 repetition maximum BP, and familiarization with: seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), plyometric push-up (PPU) on a force plate, and vertical WBV platform. Sessions 2–5 were randomly ordered across condition and test, separated by 24 hours, and consisted of a warm-up followed by 4 × 30-second push-up holds (2 × elbows at 90° and 2 × arms extended) performed on the vibration platform with WBV (frequency: 30 Hz, amplitude: 2–4 mm, 1:1 work: relief ratio) or no WBV. Seated medicine ball throw and PPU were tested immediately, 1, 5, and 10 minutes post. Standardized magnitude-based inferences were used to define outcomes. A likely positive effect of WBV was observed for SMBT at 10 minutes post. A likely negative effect of WBV resulted at 1 minute in time-to-peak force. A possibly positive effect was observed 10 minutes post. A possibly negative effect was observed 10 minutes post for peak power, and a likely negative effect of WBV was observed on time-to-peak power immediate post. Incorporating a 10-minute rest period is recommended when implementing power exercises after upper-body static-hold exercises during WBV exposure.
Eight Weeks of High-Volume Resistance Training Improves Onset of Blood Lactate in Trained Individuals
Authors: Lantis David J. , Farrell John W. , Cantrell Gregory S. , Larson Rebecca D. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Lantis, DJ, Farrell, JW, III, Cantrell, GS, and Larson, RD. Eight weeks of high volume resistance training improves onset of blood lactate in trained individuals. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2176–2182, 2017—The purpose of this study was to determine if onset of blood lactate (OBLA) using the fixed at 4 mmol·L−1 method could be delayed by supplementing high-volume resistance training (HVRT) to existing endurance training programs. There were 20 male subjects who participated in the study; 11 experimental (EX) (22.8 ± 4.6 years) and 9 controls (CON) (23.2 ± 5.8 years). An incremental cycling test was performed to determine maximal oxygen uptake, OBLA, maximum power, and time to exhaustion. Additionally, strength of the leg press (LP), leg curl (LC), and leg extension (LE) was assessed in both groups. Participants continued their ongoing endurance training, whereas the EX group supplemented their training with HVRT twice weekly for 8 weeks, performing 4 sets of 15 repetitions of LP, LC, and LE. Change score (post–pre) analysis was measured, using t-tests to compare the differences between groups, to eliminate outside variables that may have affected testing performance. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. No significant group differences in baseline measures were observed. A significant difference was observed for OBLA at 4 mmol·L−1 (EX: 18.17 ± 15.36 W and CON: −3.52 ± 20.13 W, p < 0.02). A significant difference was observed for LP (EX: 39.09 ± 25.87 kg and CON: 4.22 ± 34.65 kg, p < 0.02) and LC (EX: 22.84 ± 8.7 kg and CON: −1.47 ± 8.2 kg, p < 0.01). Supplementing HVRT in endurance-trained individuals delayed OBLA at 4 mmol·L−1 and improved leg strength. The HVRT used in the current study may be a useful training style for endurance-trained individuals.
Mechanical and Metallographic Effects of Laser Hardening of Two AHSS Steels
Authors: Amorim M. S. , Neves D. , de Azevedo Silva F. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The search for suitable materials for the transport industry, to meet more stringent regulations related to crashworthiness, emissions, and fuel economy led to the development of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). Thermal treatments, for example, using lasers as a process tool, can locally improve some characteristics of these materials like plastic deformation capability. The high energetic efficiency of a laser process, and its capability to be automated, are some of the advantages of using such a process. This study aims to investigate the effects of local heat treatment (involving changes in the solid state), by laser radiation, in the mechanical properties and microstructures of two types of advanced high-strength steels, the dual-phase DP 600, and the transformation-induced plasticity TRIP 750. A method to evaluate the interaction between laser radiation and the materials is proposed. Previous studies in this area focused, basically, in welding or cutting technology, and for the modern TRIP steel studied here, there is a scarcity of published material regarding laser–material interaction. Hardness and tensile tests revealed, for the range of process parameters studied, an improvement (up to 30 % with relation to the base material) in yield strength and ultimate strength (up to 15 %). Revealed also is a dramatic reduction in the elongation (up to 80 %) for both materials. Optical metallography analysis revealed that the resulting microstructures presented grain refinement and formation of lath martensite according to the level of laser absorption, improving up to twice the original hardness.
Microstructure and Wear Behavior of a Functionally Gradient Al–Si Alloy Prepared Using the Cast–Decant–Cast (CDC) Process
Authors: Nagarajan D. , Mohana Sivam P. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A bulk functionally gradient Al–Si alloy with two varying Si contents [high (11 %) and low (4 %) hypoeutectic compositions—alloys A and B, respectively] was prepared through a novel casting technique named cast–decant–cast (CDC) process. Casting was done by pouring liquid alloy A first into a mold, allowed to solidify partially in the mold until a layer of ∼15 mm was formed against the mold walls, and decanting the remaining unsolidified alloy A by turning the mold upside down. The superheated liquid alloy B was then poured into the mold and allowed to solidify fully. Optical micrographs of the functionally gradient casting revealed no abrupt interface layer between the high- and low-Si regions, and the scanning-electron-microscopy–energy-dispersive-X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis carried out across the cross section of the casting showed a linear silicon concentration gradient of ∼10 mm across the interface. Wear tests carried out on the individual sections of alloys A, B, and functionally gradient regions showed that the percentage cumulative weight loss was lower for the functionally gradient region (i.e., higher wear resistance) compared with the high- and low-Si regions. The SEM images taken after wear testing of the functionally gradient region showed finer and smoother wear tracks with very little random delamination of the matrix surface. This is attributed to the presence of both needle-shaped and round-shaped eutectic Si particles and their strong reinforcement in the primary aluminum-rich α matrix, which resulted in higher wear resistance of the functionally gradient region.
One Special Glomerulus in the Olfactory Bulb ofXenopus laevisTadpoles Integrates a Broad Range of Amino Acids and Mechanical Stimuli
Authors: Brinkmann Alexander , Schild Detlev 
Published: October 2016

The olfactory system senses odors, but not exclusively, as shown over the past years. It also registers other modalities such as temperature and pressure. However, it remains unknown how widespread these sensitivities are across species and how strongly their processing is interconnected with the processing of odors. Here, we present data on the β-glomerulus in the olfactory bulb ofXenopus laevistadpoles. We show that this glomerulus possesses an unusually broad response pattern to a large number of amino acids. The β-glomerulus uses the classical cAMP-mediated pathway, as suggested by its sensitivity to forskolin. This finding was unexpected because amino acid-sensitive olfactory sensory neurons ofXenopuscommonly function in a cAMP-independent manner. Furthermore, we show that the β-glomerulus also reacts to pressure pulses delivered to the olfactory mucosa. These mechanical stimuli induce responses with profiles having typical dose–response and adaptation curves. Finally, whereas the mechanosensitivity in the glomerular layer was observed repeatedly in the β-glomerulus only, mechanosensitive modulation of mitral cells and their postsynaptic neuropils was found on a larger scale. Some mitral cells closely followed the response time course of the β-glomerulus, whereas many others were strongly inhibited by short pressure pulses. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the existence of one glomerulus sensitive to both a large number of amino acids and pressure pulses and show that the processing of pressure pulses is intertwined with odor processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe present a glomerulus in the olfactory bulb (OB) activated by very different stimuli, namely mechanical stimuli to the olfactory mucosa and a large number of amino acids. This unusual sensitivity is conveyed to the second-order neurons in the OB. Pressure sensitivity of olfactory sensory neurons has been shown recently in mice. Along with temperature sensitivity found in the olfactory system of mice andXenopus laevistadpoles, a discussion arose about the influence of these modalities on odor coding. Our results suggest that mechanosensitivity may be a general feature in olfactory systems. The pressure and broad amino acid sensitivity is not only focused to one glomerulus, but is also integrated in the odor processing of the OB's network.
Tree wealth of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India: an updated checklist
Authors: Reddy Chintala Sudhakar , Reddy Kamasani Narasimha , Murthy Elagonda Narasimha , Raju Vatsavaya Satyanarayana 
Published: October 2016

A checklist of all indigenous and naturalized trees of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh State, India was made. There are as many as 510 taxa (73 families, 252 genera) in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh State which here enumerated under family names alphabetically. The nomenclature of the taxa is updated. The popular name, trade name, tree height, vegetation type, and district-wise distribution to each taxon are provided in tabular form. Country of origin / nativity was provided for exotic species. Of the total 510 indigenous/naturalised species, 40% are distributed in a wide variety of vegetation types.
Por que os educadores devem preocupar-se com argumentação?
Authors: Siegel Harvey 
Published: October 2016

<p>Educadores que refletem sobre suas práticas educacionais fazem a si mesmos perguntas como: Qual é o objetivo da educação? Quais coerções morais, metodológicas ou outras guiam nossas atividades e esforços educacionais? Um lugar natural para procurar por respostas é a Filosofia da Educação, a qual (dentre outras coisas) tenta fornecer respostas sistemáticas para essas questões. Uma resposta comum dada pela Filosofia da Educação é que o objetivo da educação consiste em fomentar o desenvolvimento da racionalidade dos alunos. Nesse ponto de vista, a educação tem como tarefa fundamental tanto o desenvolvimento da capacidade de raciocínio, quanto a formação de um complexo de atitudes, de hábitos da mente, de disposições e de marcas de caráter, de modo que os estudantes sejam capazes não apenas de raciocinar bem, mas também de se importarem acerca das razões e de organizarem suas crenças, julgamentos e ações em consonância com a avaliação racional das razões. A Teoria da Argumentação também se ocupa da análise do poder e da força de convencimento do raciocínio. Quando as razões para uma alegação justificam a aceitação dessa alegação? Sob quais critérios os raciocínios são avaliados? Como esses critérios são justificados? Questões como estas são o arroz e o feijão da Teoria da Argumentação, que, na procura de respostas, promete clarear o caráter da racionalidade como o objetivo da educação. A racionalidade, que conecta a educação à Teoria da Argumentação, fornece aos educadores uma razão para se preocuparem com argumentação – <em>se</em> ela puder ser convincentemente defendida enquanto um ideal educacional. Neste artigo, tentarei defender essa ideia e, assim, explicar por que educadores devem se preocupar com a argumentação. A defesa será moral: vou defender que somos moralmente obrigados a nos esforçar para promover a racionalidade dos estudantes, porque isso é necessário para satisfazer nossas obrigações de tratar os alunos respeitosamente como pessoas. Também considerarei algumas críticas gerais aos ideais iluministas de racionalidade, advindos de pesquisadores do Feminismo, do Multiculturalismo e do Pós-modernismo. Se tais críticas procedem, então tanto a Teoria da Argumentação quanto a visão de que a educação deve ter como objetivo fomentar a racionalidade encontram-se ameaçadas. Vou argumentar que tais críticas, embora importantes e instrutivas, não são tão destrutivas do ideal de racionalidade como alguns estudiosos contemporâneos sugerem.</p><div> </div>
Imagens discursivas da exterioridade lírica drummondiana
Authors: De Jesus Shirley Maria 
Published: October 2016

<p>Este artigo pretende (i) ressaltar na obra <em>Antologia poética,</em> de Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1998), que o autor, ao falar do cotidiano e do presente-passado utilizando uma linguagem lúdica, mas puramente artesanal - que não se fixou numa corrente estética apenas -, não deixou de ser o intelectual preocupado com a difusão da arte; (ii) e demonstrar como Drummond transformou a lírica pessoal em um discurso que reflete ressonâncias coletivas a partir das imagens suscitadas nas leituras dos poemas. Para tal, far-se-ão análises de alguns poemas a fim de possibilitar o acesso à linguagem complexa dos discursos, partindo de um referencial teórico-analítico da área de Linguística, considerando aspectos estéticos, retóricos e ideológicos. Alguns teóricos a serem utilizados neste texto são: Aumont (2012), Bakhtin (2000), Maingueneau (2004), Mendes (2010), dentre outros. Trabalharemos, neste estudo, com a hipótese de que a preocupação de Drummond (1998) era tão profunda, que ele vivencia o eu do outro de um modo totalmente diferente daquele como vivencia seu próprio eu. De uma maneira geral, Carlos Drummond “absorve” o mundo externo e por não saber, às vezes, quem é, será vários: Carlos, José, Robinson Crusoé ... <em>gauche</em>. </p>
VISUALIZATION CAPABILITIES OF SIMULATION OF ECONOMIC PROCESSES
Authors: Grabusts Peteris 
Published: October 2016

Educational experience shows that during the research process researchers perceive graphical information better than analytical relationships. Many economic courses operate with models that were previously available only in mathematics and physics disciplines. As a possible solution, there could be the use of the package Matlab Simulink in the realization of different algorithms both for engineering disciplines and economic studies. The article substantiates the usefulness of implementing the simulation models during the early stage of the research, when in parallel to acquiring analytical relations, simulation models may be introduced. The aim of the article is to show Matlab Simulink suitability for the purpose of visualizing simulation models of various economic disciplines. To reach the aim, the following research tasks have been set: identification of Matlab Simulink possibilities for simulation of economic processes; demonstrate visualization models on the basis of examples; visualization of time series model using Latgale unemployment rate data. The article presents examples of using simulation modeling in the economic research processes - optimal tax rate searching and time series application. Common research methods are used in this research: descriptive research method, statistical method, mathematical modeling.
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Musayeva Naila , Silinevica Irena 
Published: October 2016

The aim of this research is to explore tourism development impact on the economy of Azerbaijan. International tourism as a source of both direct and indirect incomes of the state encourages the development of different sectors not specific to the tourism infrastructure, but through the multiplier effect. In this context, the authors analyze the impact of tourism on employment in Azerbaijan and calculate the indirect impact of tourism on the economy of Azerbaijan due to the multiplier effect. The development of tourism in Azerbaijan is constrained by a number of factors, some of which have been analyzed in the paper. Moreover, based on some of the models and data available in Azerbaijan tourism statistics, the authors assess the indirect impact of tourism on the economy in a long term. The results can be used to assess the overall impact of tourism on the economy of the state; to forecast the development of the tourism industry; to forecast the development of related industries; to assess indirect effects of tourism on the growth of population welfare; to forecast the dynamics of change and the efficient use of labour resources; to develop an investment industry strategy; to develop an effective system of taxation, etc.. The following research methods were used: content analysis of tourism development documents, statistical data analysis; comparative analysis, synthesis, abstract and logical construction methods for studying tourism development opportunities.
RESEARCH OF THE NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Authors: Silinevica Irena , Igavens Maris , Amantova-Salmane Liene 
Published: October 2016

New product development is the main factor of economic progress in building the economic competitive advantage. The life cycle of products becomes very short and it trends to be shorter year by year. It means that innovation becomes the main driver force in the economy. The innovation level is not sufficient in Latvia. One of the most significant players in the innovation field are business incubators in Latvia. This research study underlines the role of evaluation of each stage of innovation processes. The authors offer a new model for the evaluation of innovation processes stage by stage. This model allows to identify the main problems that hinder innovation. This model allows to develop concrete proposals for improving the innovative climate in the country. The research is based on the authors’ conducted research as a part of scientific grant of Rezekne Academy of Technologies „New product development process modeling and analysis in Latvia – innovation barriers”. The main methods, that are used in this research were as follows: content analysis, comparative analysis, synthesis, abstract and logical construction methods.
A NEW INNOVATIVE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO IN LATVIA AND ITS AVAILABILITY ON THE MARKET (BUSINESS INCUBATION PROGRAMME 2009-2014)
Authors: Silinevica Irena , Igavens Maris , Amantova-Salmane Liene 
Published: October 2016

New product development is a very important issue for economic growth and welfare growth in general. The support programme of business incubators plays a significant role for operation of start-up companies in their creation of new products. In spite of it many enterprises of business incubators are not able to finish their innovation process, which shows on necessity to research these problems. The aim of the research is to investigate the portfolio of new products which were developed by Latvian Start-up companies in the frame of the Business Incubation Programme 2009-2014, related to commercialization and market uptake. The research is based on the authors’ conducted research as a part of scientific grant of Rezekne Academy of Technologies „New product development process modeling and analysis in Latvia – innovation barriers”. The following methods are used in this research: content analysis, deductive, logical and comparison, and word cloud methods. As a result, the authors worked out and offered the word cloud of innovative products, which are produced in business incubators in Latvia, and which are available in markets. The authors worked out the word cloud of New Products, which are produced in business incubators, but are not on the markets.
Pulsatile lavage for wound debridement in compound fractures of leg: a randomized control trial
Authors: T. P. Shafeed , Paul Bijo 
Published: October 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Management of compound fractures is a real challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon. Thorough wound irrigation and debridement is necessary to get a good outcome. Power-pulsed lavage (PPL) is a method of wound irrigation that has been popularised as an adjuvant in wound debridement.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 39 patients of 28 to 40 years with Gustilo Anderson Type II and Type III fractures were divided in to two groups randomly and given pulsatile lavage or continuous flow lavage. Both the groups were followed up from January 2014 to January 2016, microbiology of the swab collected, pre and post lavage, and various other factors influencing the outcome were studied.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Most of the successful outcome was in the age group of 25-29 years (46.7%) and in the male gender 66.7%. The success outcome rate was 73.3% in those with Type II Gustilo Anderson fracture compared to Type III (26.7%). All persons with successful outcome had Tscherne grade II fracture. Also a clean or clean contaminated wound (CDC classification) had more chance for successful outcome (86.7%) than contaminated or dirty wounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Heavy growth in pre-lavage blood agar culture was the single most important factor that determines the persistence of infection in compound fracture of both bones of leg. Type of lavage did not affect the union of fracture because presence of radiological signs of union was comparable in pulsatile group (66.7%) and continuous flow group (61.9%). </p>