bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique Approach for Transforming Glucose to C3 Platform Chemicals Using Metallic Iron and a Pd/C Catalyst in Water
Authors: Hirano Yoshiaki , Kasai Yuka , Sagata Kunimasa , Kita Yuichi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In the utilization of biomass for fuels and chemicals, the key reactions involved are hydrogenolysis and deoxygenation using hydrogen. Unfortunately, the industrial use of molecular hydrogen is limited because of various drawbacks, such as high cost and considerable hazards associated with high-pressure operation. In this study, a unique chemical manufacturing process was proposed for inducing the hydrogenolysis and deoxygenation of biomass carbohydrates using hydrogen generated in situ from the reaction between metallic iron and water. From the results obtained, hydrogen generated in situ by metallic iron particles (hydrogen-generating agent) combined with a carbon-supported palladium catalyst (hydrogenation catalyst) transforms glucose to C3 platform chemicals, such as propylene glycol, hydroxyacetone, and lactic acid. Moreover, reaction conditions and mechanism were also evaluated. With the use of the proposed system, value-added chemicals were produced from biomass carbohydrates by using renewable sources of energy (such as hydrogen generated from the reaction between iron and water) without the complete dependence on fossil resources.
Bi- and Multilayered Assembly of Amphiphilic Pd(II) and Pt(II) Complexes with N-Alkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium Ligands
Authors: Endo Hirotaka , Suzaki Yuji , Komura Motonori , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Alternating transition metal-organic bi- and multilayers composed of dicationic (ethylenediamine)palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes and N-alkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium, [(η3–C3H5)Pd{4,4′-bpy-N-(CH2)12OC6H3-3,5-(OMe)2}(OAc)]NO3 and [M{4,4′-bpy-N-(CH2)12OC6H3-3,5-(OMe)2}2(en)](NO3)4 (M = Pd, Pt, en = 1,2-ethylenediamine), were synthesized on mica surface by simple casting method from aqueous solution.
Preschool Teacher Training Technologies for Innovation Activity
Authors: Майер  , Mayer Aleksey 
Published: June 2016

Students’ training technologies for innovation activity are
represented from the perspective of competence approach. Directions,
stages and algorithm of the future teacher training management are
given. The examples of technology realization, which trigger the
mechanism of teacher’s self-development, are presented. Program
management structure and logic in the process of future teachers
training is proved.
Models and Strategies of Implementation of Modern Work Standards of School Psychological Service
Authors: Миляева  , Milyaeva M. , Власова  , Vlasova T. 
Published: June 2016

The article analyzes the models and strategies, as well as
the specifics of the implementation of Federal state educational
standards in the practice of school psychological services. Paying
particular attention to changes in the situation in the whole educational
school, the authors define the place of the forms and types
of application of psychological knowledge in the content and organization
of the educational environment of the school, making
it obligatory, specific and measurable activities educational psychologist
as a full member of the educational process.
Considering the benefits of egg consumption for older people at risk of sarcopenia
Authors: Smith Alison , Gray Juliet 
Published: June 2016

Sarcopenia is an important health issue for older people. It is closely linked with frailty and malnutrition and can significantly reduce both health and quality of life for those affected. Sarcopenic decline in muscle mass can start as early as the fourth and fifth decade of life, so the maintenance of muscle mass throughout adulthood, through regular physical activity and a balanced diet, should be an important consideration in reducing the risk of sarcopenia in older age. Maintaining regular exercise throughout older age remains key to the treatment of sarcopenia, as does an adequate intake of nutrients, including high-quality protein and vitamin D. A significant proportion of older people fail to meet the recommended requirements for protein; it has also been suggested that the requirements in existing recommendations could be higher. Evidence is emerging that an adequate intake of protein at each meal may be required to optimise muscle synthesis in older people. Eggs are an inexpensive, widely available and easily digestible source of high-quality protein and contain a significant proportion of leucine, an amino acid that is important for muscle synthesis, as well as many other nutrients of significance for older people, including vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids. For many older people, eggs are a familiar and acceptable protein food at breakfast and other meals. Encouraging both those approaching older age and older people to include eggs more frequently, as part of a healthy, balanced diet and in addition to physical activity, could help them maintain their muscle strength and function, thereby preserving their functional capacity and reducing morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs associated with sarcopenia.
Surrogate markers of long-term outcome in primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Malak T. T. , Broomfield J. A. J. , Palmer A. J. R. , Hopewell S. , Carr A. , Brown C. , Prieto-Alhambra D. , Glyn-Jones S. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesHigh failure rates of metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty implants have highlighted the need for more careful introduction and monitoring of new implants and for the evaluation of the safety of medical devices. The National Joint Registry and other regulatory services are unable to detect failing implants at an early enough stage. We aimed to identify validated surrogate markers of long-term outcome in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating surrogate markers for predicting long-term outcome in primary THA. Long-term outcome was defined as revision rate of an implant at ten years according to National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guidelines. We conducted a search of Medline and Embase (OVID) databases. Separate search strategies were devised for the Cochrane database and Google Scholar. Each search was performed to include articles from the date of their inception to June 8, 2015.ResultsOur search strategy identified 1082 studies of which 115 studies were included for full article review. Following review, 17 articles were found that investigated surrogate markers of long-term outcome. These included one systematic review, one randomised control trial (RCT), one case control study and 13 case series. Validated surrogate markers included Radiostereometric Analysis (RSA) and Einzel-Bild-Röntgen-Analyse (EBRA), each measuring implant migration and wear. We identified five RSA studies (one systematic review and four case series) and four EBRA studies (one RCT and three case series). Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) at six months have been investigated but have not been validated against long-term outcomes.ConclusionsThis systematic review identified two validated surrogate markers of long-term primary THA outcome: RSA and EBRA, each measuring implant migration and wear. We recommend the consideration of RSA in the pre-market testing of new implants. EBRA can be used to investigate acetabular wear but not femoral migration. Further studies are needed to validate the use of PROMs for post-market surveillance. Cite this article: T. T. Malak, J. A. J. Broomfield, A. J. R. Palmer, S. Hopewell, A. Carr, C. Brown, D. Prieto-Alhambra, S. Glyn-Jones. Surrogate markers of long-term outcome in primary total hip arthroplasty: A systematic review. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:206–214. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.56.2000568.
Socio-demographic and family predictors of moral competence in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong: a six-wave longitudinal study
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Liang Jianqiang , Lin Li 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis six-wave longitudinal study in Project P.A.T.H.S. examined the growth trajectories and predictors of moral competence in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Linear mixed models utilizing individual growth curves were used to analyze the initial status and rate of change of moral competence with reference to gender, economic disadvantage, family intactness, family functioning and parent-child subsystem quality. Results showed that adolescent moral competence increased across 6 years. Female adolescents had higher initial levels of moral competence than that of male adolescents. Adolescents from well-functioning families had higher initial levels of moral competence but slower growth of moral competence than did those from families with lower family functioning. Adolescents with higher mother-child subsystem quality had higher initial levels of moral competence but slower growth of moral competence than did those with relatively lower mother-child subsystem quality. Finally, adolescents with higher father-child subsystem quality had higher initial levels of moral competence than those with relatively lower father-child subsystem quality.
Uncommon ground
Authors: Macagno Fabrizio , Capone Alessandro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to show how microargumentation mechanisms of presumptive reasoning and reasoning from best explanation can be used to explain some cases of presupposition suspension. It will be shown how the relationship between presupposition triggers and pragmatic presuppositions can be analyzed in terms of presumptive and nonpresumptive polyphonic articulation of an utterance, resulting in different types of commitments for the interlocutors. This approach is grounded on the two interconnected notions of presumptions and commitments. In some complex cases of presupposition suspension, the speaker presumes the hearer’s acceptance of, and commitment to, propositions that do not belong to the common ground or that have been explicitly rejected as being commonly shared. This phenomenon triggers a complex type of reasoning that can be represented as kind of abduction, grounded on hierarchies of presumptions and aimed at providing an interpretation that solves this conflict of presumptions. Several cases of presupposition suspension will be shown to result from nonpresumptive polyphonic articulations, in which different voices responsible for distinct commitments are distinguished. By indirectly reporting an element of discourse, the speaker can refuse to take responsibility for the presupposed proposition, and correct the commitments that may result for him or her. This polyphonic treatment of utterances can explain how and why a presupposition is suspended, and can be used to identify the conflicting presumptions that can be further solved through reasoning from best explanation. This reasoning can result in a different reconstruction of the developed logical form or the illocutionary force of an utterance.
Toward a typology of constative speech acts: Actions beyond evidentiality, epistemic modality, and factuality
Authors: Tantucci Vittorio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe present study joins the long-running debate about the semantic–pragmatic distinction of the three domains of epistemic modality, evidentiality, and factuality. In particular, this work aims at providing both a theoretical and operational framework to investigate what type of speech act is at stake when a speaker/writer alternatively decides to mark a proposition as an epistemic modal, an evidential, or a factual construction. In fact, three basic types of illocutionary force will be shown to determine the modal marking of a constative speech act: evaluational (Ev
Understanding refusal style and pragmatic competence of teenage Cantonese English learners in refusals: An exploratory study
Authors: Lee Cynthia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe paper investigates the refusal style of teenage Cantonese learners of English in terms of strategy use, pattern, order, and content of refusals’ semantic formulae quantitatively and qualitatively, and discusses learners’ pragmatic competence and refusal style with reference to that of adult native Mandarin Chinese (L1) speakers and Chinese English learners reported in the literature. One hundred fifty-six Cantonese English learners aged between 14 and 18, studying in Form 2, Form 4, and Form 6, participated in the study. Refusals to requests were collected using five closed role plays in which sociolinguistic variables were controlled. It was found that three indirect refusal patterns were generally used by the three age groups across situations, with the strategy of giving a specific reason being dominant. Only the difference in use of single strategy was statistically significant (
The heterogeneity of Caatinga biome: an overview of the bat fauna
Authors: de Carvalho-Neto Francisco Geraldo , da Silva Jackson Roberto , Santos Neide , Rohde Cláudia , Garcia Ana Cristina Lauer , Montes Martín Alejandro 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In semiarid regions like the Brazilian Caatinga, the long dry season suggests that it is a homogeneous environment. However, differences in climate, soil, relief, and duration of the dry season across this biome has prompted the division of Caatinga in eight ecoregions. Here, we test the validity of these ecoregions for bats, which play a fundamental role in the balance of ecosystems. A literature review was carried out to investigate the distribution of bat species in all Caatinga ecoregions, and the lack of sampling efforts. In total, 90 chiropteran species were recorded in the biome. Bat distribution is not homogeneous, and almost all ecoregions present exclusive species. Gaps in chiropteran sampling efforts occur in all ecoregions. A robust and significant correlation was observed between the number of studies reporting samples and bat richness of each ecoregion, indicating that more research will increase recorded richness in these areas, and in the Caatinga as a whole. The existence of at least four ecoregions in the Caatinga was also supported. This underlines the importance of these areas to conservation initiatives.
Socio-spatial organization in a local population of the forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula, with a review of these relations in other dormouse species
Authors: Juškaitis Rimvydas , Keturka Karolis 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The socio-spatial organization in a local population of the forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula situated in Lithuania was studied using the capture-mark-recapture (CMR) method in a nestbox grid. Adult D. nitedula are sedentary and have permanent home ranges which are the basis of the socio-spatial organization of their populations. Average home range size per activity season was two times larger in adult males than in females (2.6 ha and 1.3 ha, respectively). On average, 53% and 44% of the area of the ranges of males and females, respectively overlapped with the ranges of neighboring individuals. Intersexual overlap of ranges was higher than intrasexual overlap. Males shared their home range with a larger number of other individuals than females (3.6 and 1.5 individuals, respectively). Adult dormice partly shifted their home ranges in consecutive years. During the course of the entire activity season, single individuals of both sexes (72.9%) were found most frequently in nestboxes, while females with litters of young (12.6%) and groups consisting of two or more dormice (14.5%) were much rarer. Pairs consisting of an adult male and female were found during the mating season, while groups of different composition were recorded most often when juveniles became independent.
On the closed subfields of Q¯~p${\tilde{\bar Q}}_p$
Authors: Achimescu Sever , Alexandru Victor , Stelian Andronescu Corneliu 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Let p be a prime number, and let

Q
¯

~

p

$\bf{\tilde{\bar {\text Q}}}_p$

be the completion of
Q
with respect to the pseudovaluation w which extends the p-adic valuation vp
. In this paper our goal is to give a characterization of closed subfields of

Q
¯

~

p

$\bf{\tilde{\bar {\text Q}}}_p$

, the completion of
Q
with respect w, i.e. the spectral extension of the p-adic valuation vp
on Q.
Some notes to existence and stability of the positive periodic solutions for a delayed nonlinear differential equations
Authors: Dorociaková Božena , Olach Rudolf 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The paper deals with the existence of positive ω-periodic solutions for a class of nonlinear delay differential equations. For example, such equations represent the model for the survival of red blood cells in an animal. The sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of positive ω-periodic solution are also considered.
Ultrafast ammonia-driven, microwave-assisted synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and their optical properties
Authors: Zheng Binjie , Chen Yuanfu , Li Pingjian , Wang Zegao , Cao Bingqiang , Qi Fei , Liu Jinbo , Qiu Zhiwen , Zhang Wanli 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
For the first time, a facile, ultrafast, ammonia-driven microwave-assisted synthesis of high-quality nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure is presented. This one-step method is very cheap, environment friendly, and suitable for large-scale production. The as-synthesized NGQDs consisting of one to three graphene monolayers exhibit highly crystalline quality with an average size of 5.3 nm. A new fluorescence (FL) emission peak at 390 nm is observed, which might be attributed to the doped nitrogen atoms into the GQDs. An interesting red-shift is observed by comparing the FL excitation spectra to the UV-visible absorption spectra. Based on the optical properties, the detailed Jablonski diagram representing the energy level structure of NGQDs is derived.
„Der Mensch hat zwei Beine und zwei Überzeugungen“ – Öffentliche Theologie im Raum sozialer Verkörperung
Authors: Wabel Thomas 
Published: June 2016

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel fragt nach Aspekten Öffentlicher Theologie, die in dem an Jürgen Habermas orientierten Weg der Übersetzung religiöser Überzeugungen in die Sprache säkularer Vernunft ausgeblendet bleiben. Ausgehend von Volker Gerhardts Verständnis von Öffentlichkeit als politischer Form des Bewusstseins zeigt sich zunächst, dass individuelle Überzeugung von vornherein im Horizont von Öffentlichkeit steht. Im Anschluss an Matthias Jungs Anthropologie der Artikulation wird sodann das Zusammenspiel von medialer, sozialer und physischer Verkörperung geistiger Gehalte als Ermöglichung und Begrenzung der Mitteilbarkeit religiöser Erfahrung verstanden. Öffentliche Theologie ist vor die Herausforderung gestellt, in der Kultivierung ihrer „Zweisprachigkeit“ ein Bewusstsein dafür wachzuhalten, dass sich ihr Spezifisches einer vollständigen Übersetzung in rationale Begriffssprache entzieht. Gelingt dies, so erweist sie sich als partikular und zugleich als öffentlich: Sie gibt zu erkennen, von wo sie spricht – und lässt andere zumindest mit der Möglichkeit rechnen, ihre Perspektive zu teilen.
Religious Epistemology and the Problem of Public Justification
Authors: Breul Martin 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIn this paper I argue that the debate on the legitimacy of using religious arguments in public discourse displays a one-dimensional understanding of the epistemic structure of religious beliefs. This holds true even for the most recent and most advanced approaches such as Andrew March’s innovative typology of religious arguments. Hence, my first aim in this paper is to provide an analysis of the epistemic structure of religious beliefs. I suggest that religious convictions have two main components: they have a cognitive-propositional dimension (belief) as well as a regulative-expressive dimension (faith). Therefore, they may be intersubjectively accessible, but not mutually acceptable. My second aim in this paper is to show that mutual acceptability is an adequate criterion for political legitimacy. However, although the demands of public reason require mutual acceptability, religious convictions ought not to be privatized as they offer essential input for public discourse beyond public justification. Thus, it is necessary to insist on the mutual acceptability of reasons in public justifications, but this does not imply that religion is a private matter.
Low-level laser therapy enhances muscle regeneration through modulation of inflammatory markers
Authors: Assis Lívia , Moretti Ana Iochabel Soares , Messa Peviani Sabrina , Durigan João Luiz Quagliotti , Russo Thiago Luiz , Rodrigues Natália , Bastos Jéssica , Cury Vivian , de Souza Heraldo Possolo , Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo response of two different laser fluences (4 and 8 J/cm2) on molecular markers involved in muscle repair after a cryolesion of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle.

Study design:
Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into six groups: control (C); normal/uninjured TA muscle treated with either 4 J/cm2 (L4J) or 8 J/cm2 (L8J) laser irradiation; injured TA muscle without treatment (IC); and injured TA muscle treated with either 4 J/cm2 (IL4J) or 8 J/cm2 (IL8J) laser irradiation. The injured region was irradiated daily for 5 consecutive days, starting immediately after the cryolesion was set using a GaAlAs laser (continuous wave; wavelength, 830 nm; tip area, 0.0028 cm2; power, 20 mW). The animals were euthanized on the sixth day after injury. The injured right TA muscles were removed for histological evaluation, zymography, and immunoblotting and biotin switch analyses. Nitrite and nitrate plasma levels were measured to evaluate the nitric oxide (NO) production.

Results:
After low-level laser therapy (LLLT), in both injured treatment groups (IL4J and IL8J) the injured area was reduced, the NO production decreased and the S-nitrosated COX-2 was lowered. Moreover, both laser fluences increased the activity and expression of MMP-2.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that LLLT, for both fluences, could be an efficient therapeutic approach to modulate molecules involved in injured muscle, accelerating regeneration process.
Peritoneal sampling and histological assessment of therapeutic response in peritoneal metastasis: proposal of the Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS)
Authors: Solass Wiebke , Sempoux Christine , Detlefsen Sönke , Carr Norman J. , Bibeau Frédéric 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground: Multimodal therapeutic strategies have improved the outcome of peritoneal metastases (PM). However, objective assessment of therapy response remains difficult in PM, since radiological studies have a poor accuracy for low-volumetric disease. There is an obvious need for a histological gold standard allowing assessment of tumor response to treatment in PM.Content: We propose to perform peritoneal punch biopsies with a diameter of 3 to 5 mm in all four abdominal quadrants. We propose a four-tier Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS), defined as Grade 1: complete response (absence of tumor cells), Grade 2: major response (major regression features, few residual tumor cells), Grade 3: minor response (some regressive features but predominance of residual tumor cells), Grade 4: no response (tumor cells without any regressive features). Acellular mucin and infarct-like necrosis should be regarded as regression features. We recommend reporting the mean and the worst value of the regression grades obtained. When complete tumor response is suspected intraoperatively, a peritoneal cytology should be sampled.Summary: A generic, unique score for the assessment of histological tumor response to chemotherapy in PM makes sense because of the clinical impact of histological response to therapy and because the organ of metastasis (peritoneum) is the same. By adopting PRGS, different centers will be able to use a uniform terminology and grading that will allow meaningful comparison of their results.Outlook: PRGS has now to be validated in several gastrointestinal and gynecological cancer types and may be useful both in clinical and research settings.