bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voxel‐based morphometry reveals brain gray matter volume changes in successful dieters
Authors: Honea Robyn A. , Szabo‐Reed Amanda N. , Lepping Rebecca J. , Perea Rodrigo , Breslin Florence , Martin Laura E. , Brooks William M. , Donnelly Joseph E. , Savage Cary R. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo compare regional brain volume predictors of percent weight loss (WL) in dieters with obesity (DwO) and in the same participants categorized as “successful” (≥7% WL) or “unsuccessful” dieters (<7% WL).MethodsDwO (n = 72) and participants with healthy weight (n = 22) completed a structural MRI at baseline and 3 months. All DwO participants were enrolled in a 12‐week program consisting of a reduced calorie diet, increased physical activity, and behavioral modification. SPM8‐based voxel‐based morphometry processing streams were used for measurements of regional gray (GMV) and white matter volume and longitudinal changes in volume. Correlations between WL and baseline brain volume and change in brain volume, as well as differences between groups, were then tested.Results%WL was positively correlated with baseline GMV in right parahippocampal and orbitofrontal gyri in DwO. Successful dieters showed greater GMV loss in the left precentral gyrus and the insula compared with unsuccessful dieters. A negative correlation was found between %WL and GMV change from baseline in the left prefrontal regions.ConclusionsFindings illustrate that WL is related to volumetric changes in brain areas previously linked to interoception and food motivation.
The Associations of Age and Ethnicity on Substance Use Behaviors of Adolescent and Young Adult Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Ruiz Maritza E. , Sender Leonard , Torno Lilibeth , Fortier Michelle A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the associations between age and ethnicity on the development of substance use behaviors among Hispanic and non‐Hispanic White (NHW) adolescent and young adult (AYA) childhood cancer survivors.MethodsParticipants were recruited from a single institution through the CHOC Children's Hospital Cancer Registry and included 55 Hispanic and 61 NHW AYA childhood cancer survivors, ages 12 to 33 years (Mean age ± SD: 19 ± 4.2). Smoking, alcohol, and drug use were measured using the Child Health Illness Profile – Adolescent Edition.ResultsHispanic AYA survivors were less likely to be medically insured and reported lower household income than their NHW counterparts (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). After controlling for socioeconomic differences and gender, age and ethnicity were significant predictors of substance use among AYA survivors. Hispanic survivors reported less lifetime use of cigarette smoking compared with NHW survivors (OR 0.17, 95% CI, 0.03‐0.80). Older age, for both Hispanic and NHW survivors, was found to be a risk factor for lifetime substance use and current alcohol/hard liquor consumption and binge drinking (P < 0.05).ConclusionsYoung adult childhood cancer survivors and NHW survivors are at greatest risk for developing substance use behaviors. The frequency of substance use among AYA survivors appears to increase as they transition into adulthood. These findings emphasize the need to improve long‐term health behavior screening and develop effective interventions on reducing substance use behaviors in this vulnerable population.
Electrical characterization of MIS structures with HfOx gate dielectric films fabricated on silicon substrates modified by ultra‐shallow ion implantation from RF plasma
Authors: Mroczyński Robert , Kalisz Małgorzata , Dominik Magdalena 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe feasibility of ultra‐shallow fluorine and nitrogen implantation from RF plasma into silicon substrates, and the correlation between implantation process parameters, and electro‐physical properties of obtained Metal‐Insulator‐Semiconductor (MIS) structures with hafnium oxide (HfOx) layer as a gate dielectric was investigated. The analysis of electrical characteristics of MIS structures proved that almost all fabricated structures after plasma implantation are characterized by lower flat‐band voltage (Ufb) value (in absolute values) and lower effective charge (Qeff) in comparison to reference samples. However, the limitation of such an improvement is the specified value of power applied to the reactive chamber (i.e., 120 W). MIS structures are also characterized by a lower leakage current and very significant increase in the breakdown voltage (Ubr) value. The structural characterization has demonstrated that both types of plasma implantation result in the introduction of the relatively high concentration of fluorine and nitrogen into silicon subsurface area. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficacy of nano calcium silicate (NCS) treatment on tropical soils in encapsulating heavy metal ions: leaching studies validation
Authors: Mohammed Syed Abu Sayeed , Moghal Arif Ali Baig 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Soils are known to retain heavy metals through a number of processes. In this study, four different leaching methods viz. ASTM D3987, toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP), extended TCLP, and caged TCLP have been used to study the leaching behavior of Cd2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ on red and black cotton soils. Further, these soils were amended with nano calcium silicate (NCS). Also, sequential extraction was performed on these soil mixtures to know the extent of sorption taking place in different phases of soils such as exchangeable, oxidizing, reducing, organic content and residual phases. It was found that as per ASTM D3987, all three heavy metals with red soil and black cotton soil were retained well in the short term, and over a long-term period, the metal ion was released back. When amended with NCS, both red soil and black cotton soil exhibited satisfactory retention levels over long periods which proved that NCS was responsible for encapsulation of metal ions in its matrix. To investigate the retention efficiency, extensive leaching tests were performed, and it was found that as per TCLP, extended TCLP and caged TCLP tests, the retention with NCS-amended red earth soil was 88, 90 and 94 % compared to untreated case. Sequential extraction proved that encapsulation was durable in NCS-amended soils compared to untreated ones. Hence, it is concluded that NCS-amended soil is a prospective material to attenuate heavy metals taking into consideration their long-term encapsulation effect in considered soils. This soil NCS mixture is expected to be a potent agent for in situ treatment of brown fields and an excellent substitute for existing conventional landfill liner materials.
Utility of DSM-5 section III personality traits in differentiating borderline personality disorder from comparison groups
Authors: Bach B. , Sellbom M. , Bo S. , Simonsen E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a highly prevalent diagnosis in mental health care and includes a heterogeneous constellation of symptoms. As the field of personality disorder (PD) research moves to emphasize dimensional traits in its operationalization, it is important to determine how the alternative DSM-5 Section III personality trait dimensions differentiates such features in BPD patients versus comparison groups. To date, no study has attempted such validation.MethodThe current study examined the utility of the DSM-5 trait dimensions in differentiating patients with the categorical DSM-IV/5 diagnosis of BPD (n = 101) from systematically matched samples of other PD patients (n = 101) and healthy controls (n = 101). This was investigated using one-way ANOVA and multinomial logistic regression analyses.ResultsResults indicated that Emotional Lability, Risk Taking, and Suspiciousness uniquely differentiated BPD patients from other PD patients, whereas Emotional Lability, Depressivity, and Suspiciousness uniquely differentiated BPD patients from healthy controls.ConclusionEmotional Lability is in particular a key BPD feature of the proposed Section III model, whereas Suspiciousness also augments essential BPD features. Provided that these findings are replicated cross-culturally in forthcoming research, a more parsimonious traits operationalization of BPD features is warranted.
Incidence of Deep Vein Thrombosis and its Natural History following Unilateral Primary Total Knee Replacement in Local Chinese Patients—A Prospective Study
Authors: Kit Lai Chun , Jid Lee Qunn , Chung Wong Yiu , Leung Wai Yuk 
Published: July 2016

Purpose This prospective study was to investigate the incidence and the fate of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among Chinese patients following unilateral primary total knee replacement (TKR). The influence of tourniquet time and the mode of anaesthesia on DVT were evaluated. Method 390 patients who underwent unilateral cemented primary TKR were investigated. Patients whose body-mass- index (BMI) exceeded 30kg/m2 were given chemoprophylaxis with low molecular heparin postoperatively. DVT was diagnosed using duplex ultrasonography on 4th to 7th days after operation. DVT was classified into two groups, distal and proximal. Patients who had DVT on the first scan were assigned two follow-up scans. Result The incidence of DVT was 25.7%. 97 patients (24.9%) had distal DVT, whereas 3 had proximal DVT (0.8%). Among patients with DVT, 18 (18%) of them resolved at first follow up scan, 82 persisted, and there were no proximal progression. At the 6th week scanning, 57 patients (57%) were free from DVT, while 42 patients (42%) had persistent DVT. There was one (1%) case which the distal DVT had proximal migration, but there was no pulmonary embolism. Tourniquet time and mode of anaesthesia did not reveal any statistical significance on the incidence of DVT. Conclusion This prospective study showed that the incidence of DVT after unilateral primary TKR in Hong Kong Chinese patient was high. However, most of them are distal to popliteal vein with low risk of proximal migration. More than half of them resolved at about two months after the operation.
Cross-Disciplinary Research as a Platform for Philosophical Research
Authors: CROWLEY STEPHEN J. , GONNERMAN CHAD , O'ROURKE MICHAEL 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:It is argued that core areas of philosophy can benefit from reflection on cross-disciplinary research (CDR). We start by giving a brief account of CDR, describing its variability and some of the ways in which philosophers can interact with it. We then provide an argument inprinciplefor the conclusion that CDR is philosophically fecund, arguing that since CDR highlights fundamental differences among disciplinary research worldviews, it can be used to motivate new philosophical problems and supply new insights into old problems. We close by providing an argumentby examplethat uses the epistemology of peer disagreement to establish the potential of CDR for core philosophical areas. With this argument, we aim to demonstrate how the complex research contexts that CDR affords can point the way toward important avenues of epistemological research by highlighting potential limitations of key epistemological components, such as peerage and uniqueness.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Country Multinationals: Identifying Company and Country-Level Influences
Authors: Preuss Lutz , Barkemeyer Ralf , Glavas Ante 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:The extant literature on cross-national differences in approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR) has mostly focused on developed countries. Instead, we offer two inter-related studies into corporate codes of conduct issued by developing country multinational enterprises (DMNEs). First, we analyse code adoption rates and code content through a mixed methods design. Second, we use multilevel analyses to examine country-level drivers of differences in code content—specifically, elements of a country’s National Business System (NBS). We find that DMNEs are much more likely to adopt a code of conduct than their domestic counterparts; however, this does not translate into greater code comprehensiveness. We also find support for the ‘substitute view’ of CSR in developing countries, i.e. that MNEs from poorer countries and from countries with lower governance effectiveness tend to express more comprehensive commitments. However, this dynamic does not extend to a country’s labour system; instead, CSR appears here to match the efficiency of a country’s labour market, thus reflecting the ‘mirror view’ of CSR.
Development and Implementation of a Zika Virus Disease Response Protocol at a Large Academic Medical Center
Authors: Rosa Rossana , Abbo Lilian M. , Kapur Girish , Paige Peter , Jean Reynald , Rico Edhelene , Memon Abdul M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe rapid spread of Zika virus represents a threat to public health and demands significant preparation from hospitals and health care systems. Establishment of procedures for the identification of cases of Zika virus infection is a fundamental aspect of response planning. We describe the steps taken in the development and implementation of a protocol for the diagnosis and management of suspected cases of Zika virus infection in a large academic medical center. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:256–258)
Is There Room for Prevention? Examining the Effect of Outpatient Facility Type on the Risk of Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Parikh Rishi , Pollock Daniel , Sharma Jyotirmay , Edwards Jonathan 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVEWe compared risk for surgical site infection (SSI) following surgical breast procedures among 2 patient groups: those whose procedures were performed in ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) and those whose procedures were performed in hospital-based outpatient facilities.DESIGNCohort study using National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) SSI data for breast procedures performed from 2010 to 2014.METHODSUnconditional multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between facility type and breast SSI, adjusting for American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification, patient age, and duration of procedure. Other potential adjustment factors examined were wound classification, anesthesia use, and gender.RESULTSAmong 124,021 total outpatient breast procedures performed between 2010 and 2014, 110,987 procedure reports submitted to the NHSN provided complete covariate data and were included in the analysis. Breast procedures performed in ASCs carried a lower risk of SSI compared with those performed in hospital-based outpatient settings. For patients aged ≤51 years, the adjusted risk ratio was 0.36 (95% CI, 0.25–0.50) and for patients >51 years old, the adjusted risk ratio was 0.32 (95% CI, 0.21–0.49).CONCLUSIONSSSI risk following breast procedures was significantly lower among ASC patients than among hospital-based outpatients. These findings should be placed in the context of study limitations, including the possibility of incomplete ascertainment of SSIs and shortcomings in the data available to control for differences in patient case mix. Additional studies are needed to better understand the role of procedural settings in SSI risk following breast procedures and to identify prevention opportunities.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–7
A two-phase two-layer model for fluidized granular flows with dilatancy effects
Authors: Bouchut François , Fernández-Nieto Enrique D. , Mangeney Anne , Narbona-Reina Gladys 
Published: July 2016

We propose a two-phase two-thin-layer model for fluidized debris flows that takes into account dilatancy effects, based on the closure relation proposed by Roux & Radjai (Physics of Dry Granular Media, 1998, Springer, pp. 229–236). This relation implies that the occurrence of dilation or contraction of the granular material depends on whether the solid volume fraction is respectively higher or lower than a critical value. When dilation occurs, the fluid is sucked into the granular material, the pore pressure decreases and the friction force on the granular phase increases. On the contrary, in the case of contraction, the fluid is expelled from the mixture, the pore pressure increases and the friction force diminishes. To account for this transfer of fluid into and out of the mixture, a two-layer model is proposed with a fluid layer on top of the two-phase mixture layer. Mass and momentum conservation are satisfied for the two phases, and mass and momentum are transferred between the two layers. A thin-layer approximation is used to derive average equations, with accurate asymptotic expansions. Special attention is paid to the drag friction terms that are responsible for the transfer of momentum between the two phases and for the appearance of an excess pore pressure with respect to the hydrostatic pressure. For an appropriate form of dilatancy law we obtain a depth-averaged model with a dissipative energy balance in accordance with the corresponding three-dimensional initial system.
Impact of supraglacial deposits of tephra from Grímsvötn volcano, Iceland, on glacier ablation
Authors: MÖLLER REBECCA , MÖLLER MARCO , KUKLA PETER A. , SCHNEIDER CHRISTOPH 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTSupraglacial deposits are known for their influence on glacier ablation. The magnitude of this influence depends on the thickness and the type of the deposited material. The effects of thin layers of atmospheric black carbon and of thick moraine debris have been intensively studied. Studies related to regional-scale deposits of volcanic tephra with thicknesses varying between millimetres and metres and thus over several orders of magnitude are scarce. We present results of a field experiment in which we investigated the influence of supraglacial deposits of tephra from Grímsvötn volcano on bare-ice ablation at Svínafelsjökull, Iceland. We observed that the effective thickness at which ablation is maximized ranges from 1.0 to 2.0 mm. At ~10 mm a critical thickness is reached where sub-tephra ablation equals bare-ice ablation. We calibrated two empirical ablation models and a semi-physics-based ablation model that all account for varying tephra-layer thicknesses. A comparison of the three models indicates that for tephra deposits in the lower-millimetre scale the temperature/radiation-index model performs best, but that a semi-physics-based approach could be expected to yield superior results for tephra deposits of the order of decimetres.
A New Radiocarbon Sequence from Lamanai, Belize: Two Bayesian Models from One of Mesoamerica’s Most Enduring Sites
Authors: Hanna Jonathan A , Graham Elizabeth , Pendergast David M , Hoggarth Julie A , Lentz David L , Kennett Douglas J 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe ancient Maya community of Lamanai, Belize, is well known for its span of occupation from the Early Preclassic (before 1630 BC) to the present. Although most centers in the central and southern Maya Lowlands were abandoned during the Terminal Classic period (AD 750–1000), ceramic and stratigraphic evidence at Lamanai has shown continuous occupation from the start of the Early Preclassic to the Spanish Conquest. In this paper, we present the first complete set of radiocarbon dates from this important site, including 19 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)14C dates. We use these dates to build Bayesian models for a Terminal Classic structure and an Early Postclassic structure in the site center. This method assists in the refinement of older, conventional dates and provides key chronological information about the site during this volatile time. Adjustments to the standard, uniform distribution model are made using exponential, long-tail, and trapezoidal distributions to incorporate outlier samples and more accurately portray ceramic phases. Because of changes in construction behavior in the Terminal Classic, it is difficult to acquire primary samples from this period, but there remains enough overlap between dates and ceramic phases to deduce persistent occupation at Lamanai during the transition from Late Classic to Postclassic times.
A numerical study of the application of vane and air-jet vortex
generators
Authors: Küpper C. , Henry F. S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe objective of the work described in this paper was to identify differences in
the flow fields immediately downstream of air-jet and vane vortex generators.
The flows were assumed to be incompressible and fully turbulent and were solved
using the finite volume, Navier-Stokes code CFX 4 (CFDS, AEA Technology,
Harwell) on a non-orthogonal, body-fitted grid using the
k-ε turbulence model and standard wall functions.
The behaviour of the longitudinal vortices produced by the vanes and air jets is
presented in terms of stream-wise and cross-stream velocity profiles,
circulation and peak vorticity decay, peak vorticity paths in the cross-stream
and streamwise direction, cross-stream vorticity profiles, and cross-stream
distribution of shear stress. The predicted results show that the vanes and air
jets considered produce vortices with significantly different circulation
strengths, but that the enhancement of skin friction was of similar magnitude in
both cases.
Experimental study on the flow and noise characteristics of underexpanded notched slot jets
Authors: Verma S. B. , Rathakrishnan E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effect of notches on the flow and noise characteristics of 2:1 elliptic-slot jets. The effect of variation in notch geometry is also investigated. The presence of the notch is found to provide low-velocity regions in the notched-minor-axis plane thereby intensifying the jet growth along that plane. The interaction of these low-velocity regions with the mean flow results in shorter core-lengths. At under-expansion, the shock-cell lengths are weakened considerably in notched jets resulting in significant reductions in the overall jet noise level. Azimuthal directivity of elliptic jets indicate higher noise intensity radiated along major-axis ends relative to minor-axis sides. Notches seem to circumferentially modify the noise emission characteristics and significantly bring down the noise levels along major-axis-unnotched plane. Polar directivity indicates reduction in both shock noise and jet mixing noise in the forward quadrant.
Theoretical and experimental investigations on an active control system for vertical fin buffeting alleviation using strain actuation
Authors: F. Nitzsche  , S. Liberatore  , D. G. Zimcik  
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the present investigation, the results obtained during the ground vibration tests of a closed-loop control system conducted on a full-scale fighter to attenuate vertical fin buffeting response using strain actuation are presented. The experimental results are supported by numerical analyses using a finite element aeroelastic model of the structure. Two groups of actuators consisting of piezoelectric elements distributed over the structure were designed to achieve authority over the first and second modes of the vertical fin. The control laws were synthesised using the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) method for a time-invariant two-input, two-output (2x2 MIMO) control system. Three different pairs of sensors including strain gauges and accelerometers at different locations were used to close the feedback loop. The results demonstrated that actual reductions of up to 18% in the root-mean-square (RMS) values of the fin dynamic response measured by the strain transducer at the critical point for fatigue at the root were achieved for the second mode under the most severe buffet condition.