bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct‐Iterative Hybrid Solution in Nonlinear Dynamic Structural Analysis
Authors: Yang Yuan‐Sen , Wang Weichung , Lin Jia‐Zhang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough many advanced sparse direct solvers are widely used in structural analysis, these often require longer computing times than iterative solvers for well‐conditioned structural systems. However, iterative solvers cannot efficiently solve an ill‐conditioned system when a structure becomes highly nonlinear. This work proposes a hybrid solution integrating a direct solver and an iterative solver to reduce overall computing time in solving a series of linear equations arising from nonlinear dynamic structural analysis. The hybrid solution selects the iterative solver, which reuses the factorized matrices for preconditioning, and switches to the direct solver in the initial stage or when factorized matrices need updating. The performance of the hybrid solution is tested on the OpenSees platform. The results show that the hybrid solution outperforms the direct solver, even when the structure becomes highly nonlinear during analysis.
Vessel collision injuries on live humpback whales,Megaptera novaeangliae, in the southern Gulf of Maine
Authors: Hill Alex N. , Karniski Caitlin , Robbins Jooke , Pitchford Tom , Todd Sean , Asmutis‐Silvia Regina 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNorth Atlantic humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Gulf of Maine overlap with both recreational and commercial vessel activity. Vessel strikes are one source of anthropogenic impact that has the potential to inhibit the recovery of this protected species. There are currently no regulations or guidelines specifically devised to reduce the likelihood of collisions for vessels transiting in the vicinity of humpback whales, except for vessels actively engaged in whale watching. To understand interactions between vessels and humpback whales better, we analyzed injuries on 624 individuals photographed in the southern Gulf of Maine from 2004 to 2013. Multiple reviewers evaluated 210,733 photos for five categories of injury consistent with a vessel strike. In total, 14.7% (n= 92) of individuals photographed showed injuries consistent with one or more vessel strikes. These results likely underestimate vessel collision rates and impacts because multiple events, events resulting in mortality, and those that involved only blunt force trauma could not be detected. Nevertheless, our results indicate that vessel strikes are underreported and that healing is dependent on the severity and location of the injury. We recommend that a management strategy be developed for all classes of vessels transiting in the vicinity of whales.
Disrupted intrinsic connectivity of the periaqueductal gray in patients with functional dyspepsia: A resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Liu P. , Wang G. , Liu Y. , Zeng F. , Lin D. , Yang X. , Liang F. , Calhoun V. D. , Qin W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. Accumulating evidence suggests the crucial role of central nervous system in the development and maintenance of FD. In particular, periaqueductal gray (PAG) has demonstrated an important role in modulation of pain and emotion, which may be related to FD. However, the study of the PAG in FD is still limited. This study aimed to assess intrinsic connectivity of the PAG in FD patients.MethodsResting‐state functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) data were collected from 66 FD patients and 42 healthy controls (HCs). Functional connectivity analysis was performed to investigate the PAG connectivity pattern differences between the patients and HCs. We then examined the relationships between functional connectivity within the PAG networks and FD symptoms.Key ResultsCompared to HCs, patients had increased PAG connectivity with the insula, and decreased PAG connectivity with the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and hippocampus/parahippocampus (HIPP/paraHIPP). There were positive correlations between disease duration and PAG connectivity with the putamen and supplementary motor area (SMA), and positive correlations between symptom severity and PAG connectivity with the insula. FD patients with high level of anxiety and depression had altered PAG connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), precuneus, dlPFC and caudate, compared to other patients.Conclusions & InferencesThese findings indicate that abnormal intrinsic network of the PAG might be associated with abnormality of pain processing and disruption of emotion processing in FD patients. Our study further complements neuroimaging findings about FD.
5‐HT4 receptors facilitate cholinergic neurotransmission throughout the murine gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Pauwelyn V. , Lefebvre R. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn the gastrointestinal tract of several species, facilitating 5‐HT4 receptors were proposed on myenteric cholinergic neurons innervating smooth muscle by in vitro study of the effect of the selective 5‐HT4 receptor agonist prucalopride on submaximal cholinergic contractions. This was not yet established in the murine gastrointestinal tract.MethodsIn circular smooth muscle strips from murine fundus, jejunum and colon, contractions were induced by electrical field stimulation in the presence of guanethidine, L‐NAME and for colon also MRS 2500. Submaximal contractions were induced to study the influence of prucalopride.Key ResultsElectrical field stimulation at reduced voltage induced reproducible submaximal neurogenic and cholinergic contractions as the contractions were abolished by tetrodotoxin and atropine. Hexamethonium had no systematic inhibitory effect but mecamylamine reduced the responses, suggesting that part of the cholinergic response is due to activation of preganglionic neurons. Prucalopride concentration‐dependently increased the submaximal cholinergic contractions in the three tissue types, reaching maximum from 0.03 μmol/L onwards. The facilitation in the different series with 0.03 μmol/L prucalopride ranged from 41% to 104%, 30% to 76% and 24% to 74% in fundus, jejunum, and colon, respectively. The effect of 0.03 μmol/L prucalopride was concentration‐dependently inhibited by GR 113808.Conclusions & InferencesIn the murine gastrointestinal tract, activation of 5‐HT4 receptors with prucalopride enhances cholinergic contractions, illustrating facilitation of myenteric cholinergic neurotransmission. The degree of enhancement with prucalopride is of similar magnitude as previously reported in other species, but the effective concentrations are lower than those needed in the gastrointestinal tract of other species.
Conflicting phylogenomic signals reveal a pattern of reticulate evolution in a recent high‐Andean diversification (Asteraceae: Astereae:Diplostephium)
Authors: Vargas Oscar M. , Ortiz Edgardo M. , Simpson Beryl B. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryHigh‐throughput sequencing is helping biologists to overcome the difficulties of inferring the phylogenies of recently diverged taxa. The present study analyzes the phylogenetic signal of genomic regions with different inheritance patterns using genome skimming and ddRAD‐seq in a species‐rich Andean genus (Diplostephium) and its allies.We analyzed the complete nuclear ribosomal cistron, the complete chloroplast genome, a partial mitochondrial genome, and a nuclear‐ddRADmatrix separately with phylogenetic methods. We applied several approaches to understand the causes of incongruence among datasets, including simulations and the detection of introgression using theD‐statistic (ABBA‐BABAtest).We found significant incongruence among the nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial phylogenies. The strong signal of hybridization found by simulations and theD‐statistic among genera and inside the main clades ofDiplostephiumindicate reticulate evolution as a main cause of phylogenetic incongruence.Our results add evidence for a major role of reticulate evolution in events of rapid diversification. Hybridization and introgression confound chloroplast and mitochondrial phylogenies in relation to the species tree as a result of the uniparental inheritance of these genomic regions. Practical implications regarding the prevalence of hybridization are discussed in relation to the phylogenetic method.
Overestimation of stereo thresholds by the TNO stereotest is not due to global stereopsis
Authors: Vancleef Kathleen , Read Jenny C. A. , Herbert William , Goodship Nicola , Woodhouse Maeve , Serrano‐Pedraza Ignacio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeIt has been repeatedly shown that the TNO stereotest overestimates stereo threshold compared to other clinical stereotests. In the current study, we test whether this overestimation can be attributed to a distinction between ‘global’ (or ‘cyclopean’) and ‘local’ (feature or contour‐based) stereopsis.MethodsWe compared stereo thresholds of a global (TNO) and a local clinical stereotest (Randot Circles). In addition, a global and a local psychophysical stereotest were added to the design. One hundred and forty‐nine children between 4 and 16 years old were included in the study.ResultsStereo threshold estimates with TNO were a factor of two higher than with any of the other stereotests. No significant differences were found between the other tests. Bland‐Altman analyses also indicated low agreement between TNO and the other stereotests, especially for higher stereo threshold estimates. Simulations indicated that the TNO test protocol and test disparities can account for part of this effect.DiscussionThe results indicate that the global – local distinction is an unlikely explanation for the overestimated thresholds of TNO. Test protocol and disparities are one contributing factor. Potential additional factors include the nature of the task (TNO requires depth discrimination rather than detection) and the use of anaglyph red/green 3D glasses rather than polarizing filters, which may reduce binocular fusion.
The Metacognition Assessment Scale (MAS‐A): Results of a pilot study applying a German translation to individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Bröcker Anna‐Lena , Bayer Samuel , Stuke Frauke , Giemsa Patrick , Heinz Andreas , Bermpohl Felix , Lysaker Paul H. , Montag Christiane 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesMetacognition, the capacity ‘to think about thinking’ and thus to reflect and to master interpersonal problems on a mentalistic basis, is often impaired among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and has been suggested as a potential treatment target. However, little is known about the reliability of its measurement and links with related phenomena. The aim of this study was to validate a German translation of the Metacognition Assessment Scale (MAS‐A) as a measure to assess metacognition from free narratives of patients’ personally relevant episodes and relationships.Design and MethodsMAS‐A was applied to narratives of 22 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders together with self‐ratings and behavioural tests of metacognitive and related functions such as mentalizing and emotional awareness. Multi‐level modelling allowed to calculate inter‐rater reliability (IRR) and inter‐rater agreement (IRA) and to include test results as level‐2 predictors of the aggregated scorings on the MAS‐A subscales in order to explore convergent validity. After considering neurocognition and symptom scores as further predictors, aggregated scorings were correlated with psychosocial functioning.ResultsThere were high IRRs and IRAs all over the ratings. None of the related measures accounted for variance in MAS‐A scorings, indicating the existence of separable, non‐overlapping constructs. Verbal memory and positive symptoms were significant predictors for MAS‐A subscales. MAS‐A, but no other measure, displayed significant associations with psychosocial functioning.ConclusionsMAS‐A is a reliable expert rating to assess metacognition from patients’ free narratives. Considering the link to psychosocial functioning, MAS‐A appears to be a promising tool for the evaluation of metacognition.Practitioner points

MAS‐A is a reliable tool to evaluate metacognitive function from narratives about emotionally relevant topics and meaningful relationships.

Metacognition appears separate from neighbouring constructs such as mentalizing, ToM, or emotional awareness.

MAS‐A scales are significantly predicted by verbal memory and positive symptoms.

Only MAS‐A scales display significant associations with psychosocial functioning, and it thus is a promising tool to evaluate metacognition in psychotherapy research.
Time‐course expression QTL‐atlas of the global transcriptional response of wheat to Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Samad‐Zamini Mina , Schweiger Wolfgang , Nussbaumer Thomas , Mayer Klaus F.X. , Buerstmayr Hermann 
Published: March 2017

SummaryFusarium head blight is a devastating disease of small grain cereals such as bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). The pathogen switches from a biotrophic to a nectrotrophic lifestyle in course of disease development forcing its host to adapt its defence strategies. Using a genetical genomics approach, we illustrate genome‐wide reconfigurations of genetic control over transcript abundances between two decisive time points after inoculation with the causative pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Whole transcriptome measurements have been recorded for 163 lines of a wheat doubled haploid population segregating for several resistance genes yielding 15 552 at 30 h and 15 888 eQTL at 50 h after inoculation. The genetic map saturated with transcript abundance‐derived markers identified of a novel QTL on chromosome 6A, besides the previously reported QTL Fhb1 and Qfhs.ifa‐5A. We find a highly different distribution of eQTL between time points with about 40% of eQTL being unique for the respective assessed time points. But also for more than 20% of genes governed by eQTL at either time point, genetic control changes in time. These changes are reflected in the dynamic compositions of three major regulatory hotspots on chromosomes 2B, 4A and 5A. In particular, control of defence‐related biological mechanisms concentrated in the hotspot at 4A shift to hotspot 2B as the disease progresses. Hotspots do not colocalize with phenotypic QTL, and within their intervals no higher than expected number of eQTL was detected. Thus, resistance conferred by either QTL is mediated by few or single genes.
Association of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 +49A/G gene polymorphism with acute rejection risk in renal transplantation
Authors: Yang Chun‐Hua , Chen Xue‐Xia , Chen Li , Zheng Dong‐Hua , Liu Qiong‐Shan , Xie Wen‐Feng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe conclusions on the association between cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) +49A/G gene polymorphism and acute rejection risk in renal transplantation are still debated. This meta‐analysis was performed to update the association between CTLA4 +49A/G and acute rejection risk in renal transplantation. The association investigations were identified from PubMed and Cochrane Library, and eligible studies were included and synthesized using meta‐analysis method. Fourteen reports were included into this meta‐analysis for the association of CTLA4 A/G gene polymorphism and acute rejection risk in renal transplantation, consisting of 962 acute rejection patients and 2084 non‐acute rejection controls. The association between CTLA4 G allele/GG genotype and acute rejection risk in renal transplantation was found in this meta‐analysis (G allele: OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.44, P=.02; GG genotype: OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.10‐1.69, P=.004). However, the AA genotype was not associated with acute rejection risk in renal transplantation. In conclusion, CTLA4 G allele/GG genotype is associated with the acute rejection risk in renal transplantation.
Nutrition in ornamental aquaculture: the raise of anthropocentrism in aquaculture?
Authors: Sicuro Benedetto 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOrnamental aquaculture nutrition is profoundly different from conventional aquaculture nutrition from several points of views as the prices, finality and diversity. This paper tries to answer to some simple questions: do modern ornamental fish feeds reflect more physiological fish needs or aquarist expectations? What are the driving forces behind the modern aquarium nutrition? On the light of the considerations made in this paper, it emerges that popularity of ornamental aquaculture is largely influenced by a progressive humanization of ornamental fish. Obesity and longevity transfer is the most evident nutritional effect of pet proximity to humans and this special kind of ‘contagion’ is observable in ornamental fish too. Assuming that aquarium fish have been humanized, ornamental fish industry has taken profit from this. A drastic change happens to fish feeds after crossing the human doorstep. This is probably ignored by humans, but not by ornamental aquafeed companies that sometimes induce erroneous customer expectations to improve their profits. Feeding an ornamental fish in our modern society represents a symbolic action more referred to humans than to fish physiological needs; therefore, human psychology affects the ornamental fish feeds quality much more than the fish physiology. This is the main and illogical conclusion of this paper. This paper tries to enlighten some unexpected relationship between us (humans) and this modern category of domesticated animals: aquarium fish and to give some possible future perspectives.
Bilateral oblique facial clefts, rudimentary eyes and hydrocephalus in an aborted equine foetus
Authors: Agerholm JS , Pedersen HG , McEvoy FJ , Heegaard S 
Published: March 2017

ContentsKnowledge of congenital malformations and their causes in horses is generally sparse. Such conditions require more scientific attention to improve their diagnostics and inform prevention strategies. Here, a unique syndrome of bilateral oblique facial clefts (meloschisis), rudimentary eyes and hydrocephalus is reported in an equine foetus spontaneously aborted at gestation day 224. The cause of abortion was considered to be intrauterine death caused by umbilical cord torsions and subsequent compromised blood flow, but the aetiology of the malformation could not be determined. A detailed history, which includes exposure to a range of pharmaceutical compounds during the early stages of pregnancy, is provided and emphasizes the need for accurate recording of treatments in pregnant animals.
Not in My Backyard: CCS Sites and Public Perception of CCS
Authors: Braun Carola 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCarbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technology that counteracts climate change by capturing atmospheric emissions of CO2 from human activities, storing them in geological formations underground. However, CCS also involves major risks and side effects, and faces strong public opposition. The whereabouts of 408 potential CCS sites in Germany were released in 2011. Using detailed survey data on the public perception of CCS, this study quantifies how living close to a potential storage site affects the acceptance of CCS. It also analyzes the influence of other regional characteristics on the acceptance of CCS. The study finds that respondents who live close to a potential CCS site have significantly lower acceptance rates than those who do not. Living in a coal‐mining region also markedly decreases acceptance.
Three Cultural Boundaries of Science, Institutions, and Policy: A Cultural Theory of Coproduction, Boundary‐Work, and Change
Authors: Swedlow Brendon 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo help explain the role scientists play in policy change, concepts such as coproduction, boundary‐work, and pollution and purity claims as they are used in science studies should be incorporated into policy theory. Moreover improved policy theory should specify the kinds of boundary‐work that can occur and the kinds of values and beliefs that drive boundary‐work, explaining how boundary‐work leads to policy change. The cultural theory (CT) developed by Mary Douglas, Michael Thompson, Aaron Wildavsky, and others can help specify conditions for coproduction and change in science, institutions, and policy when recast as a theory involving three critical institutional boundaries. This theory‐development article uses this recast version of CT to help explain the most recent dramatic shift in federal land and wildlife management policy in the Pacific Northwest. The article illustrates how cultural combatants use boundary‐work including pollution and purity claims to align themselves and the domain of authoritative science with scientists whose constructs of nature and policy prescriptions are functional for their preferred institutions.
Attitudes Toward “Fracking”: Perceived and Actual Geographic Proximity
Authors: Alcorn Jessica , Rupp John , Graham John D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPrior surveys have sought to gauge American public opinion toward shale gas development. Research on environmental hazards has produced conflicting findings related to the role of proximity in predicting attitudes. This study analyzes how perceived and actual proximity to active shale gas development in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Texas predicts individual preferences for moratoria. We implement a conditionally parametric probit, which accounts for geographic variation in coefficient values. Our results suggest that attitudes toward the potential benefits and risks associated with shale gas development play a larger and more consistent role in predicting preference for moratoria than proximity or other sociodemographic factors. Our methodology allows for inferences related to the extent of geographic variation in coefficient values. Our results indicate that the role of proximity in predicting preference for moratoria differs based on whether a respondent resides in an urban or rural area or within a shale play.
Reflexives Markers in Oceanic Languages
Authors: Moyse‐Faurie Claire 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe goal of this article is to present a typological survey of reflexive markers found in Oceanic languages, their distributional properties, their uses and the notions they derive from. The low degree of grammaticalization of most of these markers largely explains the fact that they have often been overlooked. In Oceanic languages, morphological markers used to encode reflexivity usually differ from the ones used to encode reciprocal and middle situations. They are seldom obligatory, and their sources are strikingly diverse, either reflecting a larger range of the well‐known sources for intensifiers also used to encode reflexivity (such as expressions for body parts), or deriving from notions (‘singularity’, ‘veracity’ or ‘spontaneity’) rarely leading to markers of binding and co‐reference. Reflexive markers derived from spatial notions (‘return’, ‘downwards’) are also common in Oceanic languages, but seldom used as intensifiers.