bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disrupted integration of exteroceptive and interoceptive signaling in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Noel Jean‐Paul , Lytle Marisa , Cascio Carissa , Wallace Mark T. 
Published: October 2017

In addition to deficits in social communication, individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) frequently exhibit changes in sensory and multisensory function. Recent evidence has focused on changes in audiovisual temporal processing, and has sought to relate these sensory‐based changes to weaknesses in social communication. These changes in audiovisual temporal function manifest as differences in the temporal epoch or “window” within which paired auditory and visual stimuli are integrated or bound, with those with ASD exhibiting expanded audiovisual temporal binding windows (TBWs). However, it is unknown whether this impairment is unique to audiovisual pairings, perhaps because of their relevance for speech processing, or whether it generalizes across pairings in different sensory modalities. In addition to the exteroceptive senses, there has been growing interest in ASD research in interoception (e.g., the monitoring of respiration, heartbeat, hunger, etc.), as these internally directed sensory processes appear to be altered as well in autism. In the current study, we sought to examine both exteroception and interoception in individuals with ASD and a group of typically developing (TD) matched controls, with an emphasis on temporal perception of audiovisual (exteroceptive) and cardiovisual (interoceptive to exteroceptive) cues. Results replicate prior findings showing expanded audiovisual TBWs in ASD in comparison to TD. In addition, strikingly, cardiovisual TBWs were fourfold larger in ASD than in TD, suggesting a putative complete lack of cardiovisual temporal acuity in ASD individuals. Results are discussed in light of recent evidence indicating a reduced tendency to rely on sensory priors in ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 194–205. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryStudies have shown that individuals with autism have difficulty in separating auditory and visual events in time. People with autism also weight sensory evidence originating from the external world and from their body differently. We measured simultaneity judgments regarding visual and auditory events and between visual and heartbeat events. Results suggest that while individuals with autism show unusual temporal function across the senses in a general manner, this deficit is greater when pairings bridged between the external world and the internal body.
Global gene expression profiles of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: the effect of in vitro culture with or without imatinib
Authors: Avilés‐Vázquez Sócrates , Chávez‐González Antonieta , Hidalgo‐Miranda Alfredo , Moreno‐Lorenzana Dafne , Arriaga‐Pizano Lourdes , Sandoval‐Esquivel Miguel Á. , Ayala‐Sánchez Manuel , Aguilar Rafael , Alfaro‐Ruiz Luis , Mayani Hector 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this study, we determined the gene expression profiles of bone marrow‐derived cell fractions, obtained from normal subjects and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients, that were highly enriched for hematopoietic stem (HSCs) and progenitor (HPCs) cells. Our results indicate that the profiles of CML HSCs and HPCs were closer to that of normal progenitors, whereas normal HSCs showed the most different expression profile of all. We found that the expression profiles of HSCs and HPCs from CML marrow were closer to each other than those of HSCs and HPCs from normal marrow. The major biologic processes dysregulated in CML cells included DNA repair, cell cycle, chromosome condensation, cell adhesion, and the immune response. We also determined the genomic changes in both normal and CML progenitor cells under culture conditions, and found that several genes involved in cell cycle, steroid biosynthesis, and chromosome segregation were upregulated, whereas genes involved in transcription regulation and apoptosis were downregulated. Interestingly, these changes were the same, regardless of the addition of Imatinib (IM) to the culture. Finally, we identified three genes—PIEZO2, RXFP1, and MAMDC2‐ that are preferentially expressed by CML primitive cells and that encode for cell membrane proteins; thus, they could be used as biomarkers for CML stem cells.
The role of general psychosocial factors for the use of cancer screening—Findings of a population‐based observational study among older adults in Germany
Authors: Hajek André , Bock Jens‐Oliver , König Hans‐Helmut 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWithin the framework of the health‐belief model, some studies exist investigating the association between illness‐specific psychosocial factors and the use of cancer screenings. However, studies investigating the association between general psychosocial factors and the use of cancer screenings are missing. Thus, this study aimed at examining the association between well‐established general psychosocial factors and the use of cancer screenings. Data were gathered from a large, population‐based sample of community‐dwelling individuals aged 40 and above in Germany (n = 7673; in 2014). Loneliness, cognitive well‐being, affective well‐being (negative and positive affect), optimism, self‐efficacy, self‐esteem, self‐regulation, perceived autonomy, perceived stress, and perceived social exclusion were used as general psychosocial factors. Furthermore, individuals were asked whether they regularly underwent early cancer screening in the past years (yes; no). A total of 65.6% of the individuals used cancer screening. Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, self‐rated health, morbidity and lifestyle factors, multiple logistic regressions revealed that the use of cancer screening is positively associated with decreased loneliness, cognitive well‐being, optimism, self‐efficacy, self‐esteem, self‐regulation, perceived autonomy, decreased perceived stress, decreased perceived social exclusion, and positive affect, while it is not associated with negative affect. This study stresses the strong association between general psychosocial factors and the use of cancer screening. This knowledge might be fruitful to address individuals at risk for underuse.
Acenequinocumulenes: Lateral and Vertical π‐Extended Analogues of Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ)
Authors: Gruber Marco , Padberg Kevin , Min Jie , Waterloo Andreas R. , Hampel Frank , Maid Harald , Ameri Tayebeh , Brabec Christoph J. , Tykwinski Rik R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe have designed a series of molecules and developed synthetic methodology that allows for the inclusion of structural diversity along both the lateral and vertical axes of the basic TCNQ skeleton. In the lateral direction, benzoannulation extends the π‐system through (hetero)acene formation, whereas incorporation of a [3]cumulene increases delocalization vertically. The potential of these new molecules as semiconductors is explored through UV/Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, X‐ray crystallography, thin‐film formation, and mobility measurements (using space charge limited current measurements).
Quantitative high‐content/high‐throughput microscopy analysis of lipid droplets in subject‐specific adipogenesis models
Authors: Bombrun Maxime , Gao Hui , Ranefall Petter , Mejhert Niklas , Arner Peter , Wählby Carolina 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNeutral lipids packed in lipid droplets (LDs) are essential as a source of fuel for organisms, and specialized storing cells, the adipocytes, provide a buffer for energy variations. Many modern‐society‐disorders are connected with excess accumulation or deficiency of LDs in adipose tissue. Intracellular LD number and size distribution reflect the tissue conditions, while the associated mechanisms and genes rs are still poorly understood. Large‐scale genetic screens using human in vitro differentiated primary adipocytes require cell samples donated from many patients. The heterogeneity appearing between donors highlighted the need for high‐throughput methods robust to individual variations. Previous image analysis algorithms failed to handle individual LDs, but focused on averages, hiding population heterogeneity. We present a new high‐content analysis (HCA) technique for analysis of fat cell metabolism using data from a large‐scale RNAi screen including images of more than 500 k in vitro differentiated adipocytes from three donors. The RNAi‐based suppression of Perilipin 1 (PLIN1), a protein involved in the adipocyte lipid metabolism, served as a positive control, while cells treated with randomized RNA served as negative controls. We validate our segmentation by comparing our results to those of previously published methods: We also evaluate the discriminative power of different morphological features describing LD size distribution. Classification of cells as containing few large or many small LDs followed by calculating the percentage of cells in each class proved to discriminate the positive PLIN1‐suppressed phenotype from the untreated negative control with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.98. The results suggest that this HCA method offers improved segmentation and classification accuracy, and can, thus, be utilized to quantify changes in LD metabolism in response to treatment in many cell models relevant to a variety of diseases. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Development and maintenance of the brain's immune toolkit: Microglia and non‐parenchymal brain macrophages
Authors: Lopez‐Atalaya Jose P. , Askew Katharine E. , Sierra Amanda , Gomez‐Nicola Diego 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTMicroglia and non‐parenchymal macrophages located in the perivascular space, the meninges and the choroid plexus are independent immune populations that play vital roles in brain development, homeostasis, and tissue healing. Resident macrophages account for a significant proportion of cells in the brain and their density remains stable throughout the lifespan thanks to constant turnover. Microglia develop from yolk sac progenitors, later evolving through intermediate progenitors in a fine‐tuned process in which intrinsic factors and external stimuli combine to progressively sculpt their cell type‐specific transcriptional profiles. Recent evidence demonstrates that non‐parenchymal macrophages are also generated during early embryonic development. In recent years, the development of powerful fate mapping approaches combined with novel genomic and transcriptomic methodologies have greatly expanded our understanding of how brain macrophages develop and acquire specialized functions, and how cell population dynamics are regulated. Here, we review the transcription factors, epigenetic remodeling, and signaling pathways orchestrating the embryonic development of microglia and non‐parenchymal macrophages. Next, we describe the dynamics of the macrophage populations of the brain and discuss the role of progenitor cells, to gain a better understanding of their functions in the healthy and diseased brain. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 561–579, 2018
The role of mitochondria in axon development and regeneration
Authors: Smith George M. , Gallo Gianluca 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTMitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo transport, fission, and fusion. The three main functions of mitochondria are to generate ATP, buffer cytosolic calcium, and generate reactive oxygen species. A large body of evidence indicates that mitochondria are either primary targets for neurological disease states and nervous system injury, or are major contributors to the ensuing pathologies. However, the roles of mitochondria in the development and regeneration of axons have just begun to be elucidated. Advances in the understanding of the functional roles of mitochondria in neurons had been largely impeded by insufficient knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial transport, stalling, fission/fusion, and a paucity of approaches to image and analyze mitochondria in living axons at the level of the single mitochondrion. However, technical advances in the imaging and analysis of mitochondria in living neurons and significant insights into the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial dynamics have allowed the field to advance. Mitochondria have now been attributed important roles in the mechanism of axon extension, regeneration, and axon branching. The availability of new experimental tools is expected to rapidly increase our understanding of the functions of axonal mitochondria during both development and later regenerative attempts. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 221–237, 2018
Fear affects parental care, which predicts juvenile survival and exacerbates the total cost of fear on demography
Authors: Dudeck Blair P. , Clinchy Michael , Allen Marek C. , Zanette Liana Y. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFear itself (perceived predation risk) can affect wildlife demography, but the cumulative impact of fear on population dynamics is not well understood. Parental care is arguably what most distinguishes birds and mammals from other taxa, yet only one experiment on wildlife has tested fear effects on parental food provisioning and the repercussions this has for the survival of dependent offspring, and only during early‐stage care. We tested the effect of fear on late‐stage parental care of mobile dependent offspring, by locating radio‐tagged Song Sparrow fledglings and broadcasting predator or non‐predator playbacks in their vicinity, measuring their parent's behavior and their own, and tracking the offspring's survival to independence. Fear significantly reduced late‐stage parental care, and parental fearfulness (as indexed by their reduction in provisioning when hearing predators) significantly predicted their offspring's condition and survival. Combining results from this experiment with that on early‐stage care, we project that fear itself is powerful enough to reduce late‐stage survival by 24%, and cumulatively reduce the number of young reaching independence by more than half, 53%. Experiments in invertebrate and aquatic systems demonstrate that fear is commonly as important as direct killing in affecting prey demography, and we suggest focusing more on fear effects and on offspring survival will reveal the same for wildlife.
Woody plant encroachment amplifies spatial heterogeneity of soil phosphorus to considerable depth
Authors: Zhou Yong , Boutton Thomas W. , Wu X. Ben 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe geographically extensive phenomenon of woody plant encroachment into grass‐dominated ecosystems has strong potential to influence biogeochemical cycles at ecosystem to global scales. Previous research has focused almost exclusively on quantifying pool sizes and flux rates of soil carbon and nitrogen (N), while few studies have examined the impact of woody encroachment on soil phosphorus (P) cycling. Moreover, little is known regarding the impact of woody encroachment on the depth distribution of soil total P at the landscape scale. We quantified patterns of spatial heterogeneity in soil total P along a soil profile by taking spatially explicit soil cores to a depth of 120 cm across a subtropical savanna landscape that has undergone encroachment byProsopis glandulosa(an N2‐fixer) and other tree/shrub species during the past century. Soil total P increased significantly following woody encroachment throughout the entire 120‐cm soil profile. Large groves (>100 m2) and small discrete clusters (<100 m2) accumulated 53 and 10 g P/m2more soil P, respectively, compared to grasslands. This P accumulation in soils beneath woody patches is most likely attributable to P uplift by roots located deep in the soil profile (>120 cm) and transfer to upper portions of the profile via litterfall and root turnover. Woody encroachment also altered patterns of spatial heterogeneity in soil total P in the horizontal plane, with highest values at the centers of woody patches, decreasing toward the edges, and reaching lowest values in the surrounding grassland matrix. These spatial patterns were evident throughout the upper 1.2 m of the soil profile, albeit at reduced magnitude deeper in the soil profile. Spatial generalized least squares models indicated that fine root biomass explained a significant proportion of the variation in soil total P both across the landscape and throughout the profile. Our findings suggest that transfer of P from deeper soil layers enlarges the P pool in upper soil layers where it is more actively cycled may be a potential strategy for encroaching woody species to satisfy their P demands.
Fabrication of biodegradable foams for deep tissue negative pressure treatments
Authors: Warner Harleigh J. , Wagner William D. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTDevices for negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) rely on compressible foams operating at the tissue‐device interface. Clinically used foams are nonabsorbable and if used on deep wounds or left in place for an extended period of time, excessive cell ingrowth and formation of granulation tissue into the foam may require a surgical procedure to remove the foam. Foams with fast degradation and with low immunogenicity and fibrotic response are required. Foams composed of combinations of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA), poly(lactide‐co‐caprolactone) (PLCL), and polycaprolactone (PCL) were created by combined salt leaching and solvent displacement protocols. In vitro and in vivo degradation studies and mechanical properties of foams were evaluated and compared to clinically used poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) foam and PCL foams. Foams composed of PLGA (50:50 lactide:glycolide) of low molecular weight blended with PCL maintained mechanical properties and degraded significantly after 21 days of subcutaneous implantation in rats. The most ideal formulations for use in NPWT were identified as copolymeric PLGA (Mn 3000 Da) at a lactide:glycolide ratio of 50:50 combined with PCL at either a 75:25 or 50:50 ratio, and copolymeric PLGA (Mn 7500 Da) at a lactide:glycolide ratio of 50:50 combined with PCL at a 50:50 ratio. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1998–2007, 2018.
The development and implementation of a performance appraisal framework for radiation therapists in planning and simulation
Authors: Becker Jillian , Bridge Pete , Brown Elizabeth , Ferrari‐Anderson Janet , Lusk Ryan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt is a challenge for radiation therapists (RTs) to keep pace with changing planning technology and techniques while maintaining appropriate skills levels. The ability of individual RTs to meet the demands of this constantly changing practice can only be assured through establishing clearly defined standards for practice and a systematic process for providing feedback on performance. Investigation into existing models for performance appraisal produced minimal results so a radiation therapy‐specific framework was developed. The goal for this initiative was to establish a framework that would reflect the complexity of practice and provide a clear measure of performance against them. This paper outlines the implementation of this framework into practice and discusses some lessons learned in the process. The framework was developed and implemented in six stages: (1) project team, (2) scope, (3) dosimetry pilot, (4) staff consultation, (5) finalisation and implementation and (6) future development and evaluation. Both cultural and organisational obstacles needed to be addressed before this framework could be successfully introduced. Even though this slowed progress, addressing these obstacles during the development process was essential to the success of this framework. The incremental approach provided the opportunity for each aspect to be tested and the development of subsequent stages to be informed by lessons learned during the previous one. This approach may be beneficial when developing and implementing projects involving performance appraisal to promote consistency, fairness and quality.
White clover fractions as protein source for monogastrics: dry matter digestibility and protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid scores
Authors: Stødkilde Lene , Damborg Vinni K , Jørgensen Henry , Lærke Helle N , Jensen Søren K 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study aimed to evaluate the use of white clover as an alternative protein source for monogastrics. White clover plant and leaves were processed using a screw‐press resulting in a solid pulp and a juice from which protein was acid‐precipitated. The chemical composition of all fractions was determined and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and protein was assessed in an experiment with growing rats.RESULTSProtein concentrates were produced with crude protein (CP) contents of 451 g kg–1 and 530 g kg–1 DM for white clover plant and leaves, respectively, and a pulp with CP contents of 313 and 374 g kg–1 DM from plant and leaves, respectively. The amino acid composition ranged from 4.72 to 6.49 g per 16 g of nitrogen (N) for lysine, 1.82–2.6 g per 16 g N for methionine and cysteine, and 3.66–5.24 g per 16 g N for threonine. True faecal digestibility of protein varied from 0.81 to 0.88, whereas DM digestibility was in the range 0.72–0.80. Methionine and cysteine were found to be limiting in all fractions, regardless of the reference group used.CONCLUSIONA high digestibility of white clover protein was found irrespective of the physical fractionation. Together with a well‐balanced amino acid composition, this makes white clover a promising protein source for monogastrics. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The Association Between PTSD and Functional Outcome Is Mediated by Perception of Cognitive Problems Rather Than Objective Neuropsychological Test Performance
Authors: Samuelson Kristin W. , Abadjian Linda , Jordan Joshua T. , Bartel Alisa , Vasterling Jennifer , Seal Karen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been consistently linked to poorer functional outcomes, including quality of life, health problems, and social and occupational functioning. Less is known about the potential mechanisms by which PTSD leads to poorer functional outcomes. We hypothesized that neurocognitive functioning and perception of cognitive problems would both mediate the relationship between PTSD diagnosis and functioning. In a sample of 140 veterans of the recent wars and conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, we assessed PTSD symptoms, history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), depression, self‐report measures of quality of life, social and occupational functioning, and reintegration to civilian life, as well as perception of cognitive problems. Veterans also completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery of tests. Structural equation modeling revealed that perception of cognitive problems, but not objective neuropsychological performance, mediated the relationship between PTSD diagnosis and functional outcomes after controlling for TBI, depression, education, and a premorbid IQ estimate, b = −6.29, 95% bias‐corrected bootstrapped confidence interval [−11.03, −2.88], showing a large effect size. These results highlight the importance of addressing appraisals of posttrauma cognitive functioning in treatment as a means of improving functional outcomes.