bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of the Traditional Agricultural Landscape Types Reflecting Geological Substrate and Slope Processes in the Kysuce Region
Authors: Barančoková Mária , Barančok Peter 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Traditional agricultural landscapes (TAL) are landscapes in which primarily traditional sustainable agricultural practices are currently carried out and where biological diversity is conserved thereby. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the extension of traditional landscape structures and their relationship to geological substrate and slope processes (landslides). The evaluation was concentrated on two types of TAL (extended to Kysuce region): TAL with dispersed settlements (subtype 1a and b) and TAL of arable-land, grasslands and pastures (subtype 4a and b). Localities with typical dispersed settlements of subtype 1a mostly occur on Zlin formation and cover 707.9 ha. On the deluvial formation, this type extends to 531.8 ha and on the Solaň formation, to 403.6 ha. The active landslides are mostly represented in the TAL of subtype 4a (cadastral areas of Čadca and Oščadnica villages), of subtype 4b (cadastral areas of Riečnica and Svrčinovec villages) and of subtype 1a (cadastral area of Svrčinovec village). The largest representation of potential landslides is on the subtype 4a, subtype 1a and subtype 4b.
Territorial Systems of Ecological Stability in Land Consolidation Projects (Example of Proposal for the LSES of Klasov Village, Slovak Republic)
Authors: Moyzeová Milena , Kenderessy Pavol 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The observation of spatial and functional relations within ecosystems (Forman, Godron, 1993; Michal, 1994; Jongman, 1995 a,b) and Territorial Systems of Ecological Stability and their design have a successful history not only in the Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, Hungary but also in Slovakia and other countries. The main principle of their design is to create an ecological network in intensively utilised landscape through revitalisation of the existing natural habitats and creation of new ones along with the proposal of their protection and management. The presented contribution represents an example of the proposed spatial framework of ecological stability and management measures in the cadastral area of Klasov. The cadastral area is characterised by prevailing large-block arable parcels and viticultural history. In spite of the agricultural character of the landscape, there are also areas with dispersed non-forest woody vegetation, preserved bank vegetation along streams, wetlands with reed associations, forest growths and mosaics of old abandoned orchards and vineyards as the potential elements of the proposed spatial framework of ecological stability. A functional LTSES framework and implementation of the system of ecostabilizing measures may contribute to increasing diversity of the territory and improvement of its spatial ecological stability. Efforts aimed at the recovery of vine-growing tradition represent a positive feature in terms of increased diversity in the territory.
Land Consolidations in Slovakia, Step Forward, Two Steps Back?
Authors: Muchová Zlatica , Leitmanová Mária , Bažík Jaroslav , Konc Ľubomír , Šinka Karol , Petrovič František 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This article describes the process of land consolidations in Slovakia. Fundamental goals of land consolidation are defined in the paper. Land ownership is briefly described with emphasis on historical development. Functional reorganisation of the territory is described in detail. The authors state that this objective is in land consolidation designs, often neglected and landscaping is shifted into the background. Preference is given to activities associated with ownership as evidenced by the common tendency to award contracts for simple land consolidation. The numbers of awarded contracts for comprehensive and simple landscape consolidations from 1990 to the present were evaluated. Reasons for the observed stagnation of comprehensive land consolidation projects have been mentioned. Causes have been found and the problem was displayed from various positions. Finally, possible solutions have been found in order to stimulate discussion on the topic: why there is stagnation in designing of land consolidations in Slovakia.
Accumulation of Solar Radiation Depending on Type of Surface in the Urban Environment of the City Nitra
Authors: Bahnová Katarína , Rózová Zdenka 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The diversity of active surfaces in urban environment is an alarming element of microclimatic conditions at the time of positive energy balance. The accumulation of solar and reflected radiation are forming local climate - microclimate. Vegetation areas in the urban environment have the capability to eliminate extreme demostrations of local climate. The impact of transpiration causes an increase in the relative air humidity, reducing the effect of solar radiation. The result is the elimination of surface temperature in vegetation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potentiality of accumulation of solar radiation depending on the vegetation structure and the type of surface in research areas A1-B1-C1, A2-B2-C2 between intervals 6:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., 12:30 p.m.-9:30 p.m. The legwork ran in summer period June-August 2013 in residential area Chrenova 1 in the city Nitra.
On the traces of certain classes of permuting mappings in rings
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad , Jamal Malik Rashid , Mozumder Muzibur Rahman 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Let R be a semiprime ring with center Z and extended centroid C. For a fixed integer n ≥ 2, the trace

δ
:
R
→
R

${\delta \colon R\rightarrow R}$

of a permuting n-additive mapping

D
:

R
n

→
R

${D\colon R^n\rightarrow R}$

is defined as

δ
(
x
)
=
D
(
x
,
...
,
x
)

${\delta (x)=D(x,\ldots ,x)}$

for all x ∈ R.
The notion of permuting n-derivation was introduced by Park
[J. Chungcheong Math. Soc. 22 (2009), no.3, 451–458] as follows:
a permuting n-additive mapping

Δ
:

R
n

→
R

${\Delta \colon R^n\rightarrow R}$

is said to be permuting n-derivation if

Δ

(

x
1

,

x
2

,
⋯
,

x
i

x
i
'

,
⋯
,

x
n

)

=
Δ

(

x
1

,

x
2

,
⋯
,

x
i

,
⋯
,

x
n

)

x
i
'

+

x
i

Δ

(

x
1

,

x
2

,
⋯
,

x
i
'

,
⋯
,

x
n

)

for

all

x
i

,

x
i
'

∈
R
.

$
\Delta (x_1,x_2,\dots , x_ix_i^{\prime },\dots , x_n)=\Delta (x_1,x_2,\dots , x_i,\dots , x_n)x_i^{\prime }+ x_i\Delta (x_1,x_2,\dots , x_i^{\prime },\dots , x_n)\quad \text{for all }x_i ,x_i^{\prime } \in R.
$

A permuting n-additive mapping

Ω
:

R
n

→
R

${\Omega \colon R^n\rightarrow R}$

is known to be
a permuting generalized n-derivation if there exists a permuting n-derivation

Δ
:

R
n

→
R

${\Delta \colon R^n\rightarrow R}$

such that

Ω

(

x
1

,

x
2

,
⋯
,

x
i

x
i
'

,
⋯
,

x
n

)

=
Ω

(

x
1

,

x
2

,
⋯
,

x
i

,
⋯
,

x
n

)

x
i
'

+

x
i

Δ

(

x
1

,

x
2

,
⋯
,

x
i
'

,
⋯
,

x
n

)

for

all

x
i

,

x
i
'

∈
R
.

$
\Omega (x_1,x_2,\dots , x_ix_i^{\prime },\dots , x_n)=\Omega (x_1,x_2,\dots , x_i,\dots , x_n)x_i^{\prime }+ x_i\Delta (x_1,x_2,\dots , x_i^{\prime },\dots , x_n)\quad \text{for all }x_i ,x_i^{\prime } \in R.
$

The main result of this paper states that if I is a nonzero ideal of a semiprime ring R and

Δ
:

R
n

→
R

${\Delta :R^n\rightarrow R}$

is a permuting n-derivation such that

Δ
(
I
,
...
,
I
)
≠
{
0
}

${\Delta (I,\ldots ,I)\ne \lbrace 0\rbrace }$

and

[
δ
(
x
)
,
x
]
=
0

${[\delta (x),x]=0}$

for all x ∈ I, where δ is the trace of Δ, then R contains a nonzero central ideal. Furthermore, some related results are also proven.
Effect of molecular chaperones on aberrant protein oligomers in vitro: super-versus sub-stoichiometric chaperone concentrations
Authors: Cappelli Sara , Penco Amanda , Mannini Benedetta , Cascella Roberta , Wilson Mark R. , Ecroyd Heath , Li Xinyi , Buxbaum Joel N. , Dobson Christopher M. , Cecchi Cristina , Relini Annalisa , Chiti Fabrizio 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Living systems protect themselves from aberrant proteins by a network of chaperones. We have tested in vitro the effects of different concentrations, ranging from 0 to 16 μm, of two molecular chaperones, namely αB-crystallin and clusterin, and an engineered monomeric variant of transthyretin (M-TTR), on the morphology and cytotoxicity of preformed toxic oligomers of HypF-N, which represent a useful model of misfolded protein aggregates. Using atomic force microscopy imaging and static light scattering analysis, all were found to bind HypF-N oligomers and increase the size of the aggregates, to an extent that correlates with chaperone concentration. SDS-PAGE profiles have shown that the large aggregates were predominantly composed of the HypF-N protein. ANS fluorescence measurements show that the chaperone-induced clustering of HypF-N oligomers does not change the overall solvent exposure of hydrophobic residues on the surface of the oligomers. αB-crystallin, clusterin and M-TTR can diminish the cytotoxic effects of the HypF-N oligomers at all chaperone concentration, as demonstrated by MTT reduction and Ca2+ influx measurements. The observation that the protective effect is primarily at all concentrations of chaperones, both when the increase in HypF-N aggregate size is minimal and large, emphasizes the efficiency and versatility of these protein molecules.
Dehydration and Rehydration of Cooked Mussels
Authors: Tribuzi G. , Laurindo J. B. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate different drying methods (oven-drying, vacuum-drying, and freeze-drying) applied to cooked mussels meat and the resulting rehydration and water-holding capacity. Drying curves were obtained using an online weighting system that allows continuous monitoring of sample weight during processing. The influence of the processing temperature on the drying rates and on the properties of dehydrated samples was assessed. In the studied conditions, freeze-drying presented higher drying rates and less structure alterations compared to the other drying methods investigated. The equilibrium rehydration capacity of oven-dried and vacuum-dried mussels was about 37 % lower than rehydration capacity of freeze-dried samples for the rehydration performed at 20 °C and about 21 % lower for rehydration performed at 80 °C.
From Distributional Semantics to Conceptual Spaces: A Novel Computational Method for Concept Creation
Authors: McGregor Stephen , Agres Kat , Purver Matthew , Wiggins Geraint A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We investigate the relationship between lexical spaces and contextually-defined conceptual spaces, offering applications to creative concept discovery. We define a computational method for discovering members of concepts based on semantic spaces: starting with a standard distributional model derived from corpus co-occurrence statistics, we dynamically select characteristic dimensions associated with seed terms, and thus a subspace of terms defining the related concept. This approach performs as well as, and in some cases better than, leading distributional semantic models on a WordNet-based concept discovery task, while also providing a model of concepts as convex regions within a space with interpretable dimensions. In particular, it performs well on more specific, contextualized concepts; to investigate this we therefore move beyond WordNet to a set of human empirical studies, in which we compare output against human responses on a membership task for novel concepts. Finally, a separate panel of judges rate both model output and human responses, showing similar ratings in many cases, and some commonalities and divergences which reveal interesting issues for computational concept discovery.
The IMF Debt Sustainability Analysis: Issues and Problems
Authors: Guzman Martin , Heymann Daniel 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper reviews the IMF DSA (Debt Sustainability Analysis) framework. We first examine the concept of debt sustainability, and argue that the evaluation exercise necessarily entails putting into question market expectations embodied in yield spreads. When the views of the analyst on the capacity of debt repayment differ from the ones reflected in market interest rate premiums, the use of market interest rates for assessing debt sustainability leads to an inconsistency that will in turn bias the assessment. We then show that IMF projections for assessing debt sustainability have been repeatedly biased, which may have contributed to distort the timing of sovereign debt restructurings and the consequent processes of renegotiation. We conclude with a discussion on how the existing DSA framework could be improved.
Performance Analysis of Coherent Optical Communication System for M-QAM Higher Modulation Level
Authors: Kaur Amrinder , Dewra Sanjeev 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper, performance of QAM sequence generator in coherent optical communication system is investigated. Results are obtained for different square constellation types such as 4-QAM, 16-QAM, 64-QAM and 256-QAM using Hyperbolic-secant pulse generator. For the distance of 120 km and bit rate of 10 Gbps, it is investigated that 4-QAM provides maximum Q factor of 33.93 and minimum BER of 6e-253, whereas 16-QAM, 64-QAM & 256-QAM provides Q factor of 31.47, 22.85 & 8 and BER of 5e-218, 3e-116 & 2e-16, respectively. Decrement in Quality factor and increase in BER are observed with increment in the M-value of QAM. It is further observed that Eye opening decreases with increment in levels of QAM.
Cultural Variations in the Effect of Interview Privacy and the Need for Social Conformity on Reporting Sensitive Information
Authors: Mneimneh Zeina M. , Tourangeau Roger , Pennell Beth-Ellen , Heeringa Steven G. , Elliott Michael R. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Privacy is an important feature of the interview interaction mainly due to its potential effect on reporting information, especially sensitive information. Here we examine the effect of third-party presence on reporting both sensitive and relatively neutral outcomes. We investigate whether the effect of third-party presence on reporting sensitive information is moderated by the respondent’s need for social conformity and the respondent’s country of residence. Three types of outcomes are investigated: behavioral, attitudinal, and relatively neutral health events. Using data from 22,070 interviews and nine countries in the cross-national World Mental Health Survey Initiative, we fit multilevel logistic regression to study reporting effects on questions about suicidal behavior and marital ratings, and contrast these with questions about having high blood pressure, asthma, or arthritis. We find that there is an effect of third-party presence on reporting sensitive information and no effect on reporting of neutral information. Further, the effect of the interview privacy setting on reporting sensitive information is moderated by the need for social conformity and the cultural setting.
Effects of Cluster Sizes on Variance Components in Two-Stage Sampling
Authors: Valliant Richard , Dever Jill A. , Kreuter Frauke 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Determining sample sizes in multistage samples requires variance components for each stage of selection. The relative sizes of the variance components in a cluster sample are dramatically affected by how much the clusters vary in size, by the type of sample design, and by the form of estimator used. Measures of the homogeneity of survey variables within clusters are related to the variance components and affect the numbers of sample units that should be selected at each stage to achieve the desired precision levels. Measures of homogeneity can be estimated using standard software for random-effects models but the model-based intracluster correlations may need to be transformed to be appropriate for use with the sample design. We illustrate these points and implications for sample size calculation for two-stage sample designs using a realistic population derived from household surveys and the decennial census in the U.S.
Social organization and demography of reintroduced Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas neglecta) in North Ferlo Fauna Reserve, Senegal
Authors: Abáigar Teresa , Cano Mar , Djigo Cheikh A.T. , Gomis Jacques , Sarr Thialao , Youm Babacar , Fernández-Bellon Hugo , Ensenyat Conrad 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAs part of a reintroduction project in Senegal, 23 (9.14) captive-born Dorcas gazelles were released into a 440-ha fenced-in area in Katané (North Ferlo Fauna Reserve, Senegal) in March 2009. After 4 years of seasonal monitoring, the gazelles showed progressive adaptation of their behavior to semi-wild living conditions. Breeding gradually became seasonal, and 53.8% of births occurred during the rainy season (July to September). Gazelle group size and composition varied seasonally. Groups were smallest during the dry season (2.29±1.72) and largest at the beginning of the rainy season (4.18±2.73). Social group composition also showed seasonal variation. There were always a larger proportion of solitary males than solitary females and mixed couples were observed throughout the year. All-male groups were found the least. The proportion of adult females with subadults and juveniles decreased during the early rainy season, while mixed adults, subadults and juveniles groups increased during this period. The mortality rate during the first weeks after release was 13%. Four years of monitoring after release, demographic traits of this released population reveal its adaptation from captive to natural-living conditions.
The location choice of graduate entrepreneurs in the United Kingdom
Authors: Polonyová Eva , Ondoš Slavomír , Ely Philip 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The graduates’ startup formation process represents a possible future role for universities in the form of active-participation, when speaking of the regional development. Tracking the path of entrepreneurial graduates who are moving between home, university, and employment, allows us to identify the specific motives that determine their migration decisions. The choice of location of graduate entrepreneurs is naturally affected by the context of their home region, as the availability of resources leads to a rising entrepreneurial intention. Similarly, the location of the startups flourish in densely populated urban regions, as well as in wealthier locations. At the same time, the vibrancy of the local entrepreneurial ecosystems is enhanced through mutual exchange and collaboration; and the higher the number of startups already present in a region, the higher the probability becomes for interaction and creativity. A leading tendency, not least to be mentioned, is that the preference to start new businesses is connected to highly-skilled creative sectors of the economy.
Livelihood assessment in district 1 of Medellin – Colombia
Authors: Mendoza Ciro Alfonso Serna , Czerny Miroslawa , Pineda Abraham Allec Londoño , Rojas Oscar Alonso Velez 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The livelihood approach aims at the analysis, understanding and restrictions that the poorest people have to face in order to recover from difficult situations. The Department for International Development model is applied to an urban zone with the purpose of making an assessment of the livelihood of the district ’la Comuna 1’ in Medellin, Colombia, which has been recognised as the poorest and one of the most dangerous districts of the city. The case study presents both a quantitative analysis (macro) and qualitative (micro) analysis, as a mixed method that allows a more complete analysis and understanding of livelihood, and providing a deeper understanding of the district from the livelihood approach. The results indicate a stable growth of livelihood during the period of analysis.
Impacts of ICT on the Spatial Differentiation of Social Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in Poland
Authors: Werner Piotr , Iwańczak Bartłomiej 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has significant economic and social impacts at both the global and regional level. Some of these implications have been perceived as positive and unexpected. While both the positive and negative social and economic impacts have been highlighted in the literature, opinions on these impacts remain ambiguous. Those aspects considered to be advantageous include faster communication, ease of use, development in the range of services and revenues, and an increase in individuals’ free time allowance. ICT penetrates all branches of the economy as a set of general purpose technologies. New information and communication technologies ease everyday life, serve as tools to help people in extreme situations, e.g. accidents, illnesses or natural disasters, and are also the pillars of contemporary entertainment media. The usefulness of ICT has been stressed and loudly disseminated to a large extent by the media. On the other hand, these new technologies sensitize society in quite new ways to the well-known natural hazards that people have encountered in the past.
Remote ischemic conditioning for acute ischemic stroke: dawn in the darkness
Authors: Pan Jingrui , Li Xiangpen , Peng Ying 
Published: January 2016

AbstractStroke is a leading cause of disability with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Of all strokes, 87% are ischemic. The only approved treatments for acute ischemic stroke are intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase within 4.5 h and thrombectomy within 8 h after symptom onset, which can be applied to just a few patients. During the past decades, ischemic preconditioning has been widely studied to confirm its neuroprotection against subsequent ischemia/reperfusion injury in the brain, including preconditioning in situ or in a remote organ (such as a limb) before onset of brain ischemia, the latter of which is termed as remote ischemic preconditioning. Because acute stroke is unpredicted, ischemic preconditioning is actually not suitable for clinical application. So remote ischemic conditioning performed during or after the ischemic duration of the brain was then designed to study its neuroprotection alone or in combination with alteplase in animals and patients, which is named as remote ischemic perconditioning or remote ischemic postconditioning. As expected, animal experiments and clinical trials both showed exciting results, indicating that an evolution in the treatment for acute ischemic stroke may not be far away. However, some problems or disputes still exist. This review summarizes the research progress and unresolved issues of remote ischemic conditioning (pre-, per-, and post-conditioning) in treating acute ischemic stroke, with the hope of advancing our understanding of this promising neuroprotective strategy for ischemic stroke in the near future.