bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SME brand identity: its components, and performance effects
Authors: Muhonen Timo , Hirvonen Saku , Laukkanen Tommi 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance effects of brand identity in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach
The authors examine whether brand identity mediates the relationship between brand orientation and brand performance, and further, whether brand performance leads to better financial performance. The authors also study whether these performance effects are moderated by customer type and industry type. Differing from earlier research, this study analyzes brand identity through its constituent components: brand values, brand vision and brand positioning. The data include altogether 721 effective responses from Finnish SMEs. Structural equation modeling is used for testing the research hypotheses.

Findings
Brand positioning and brand vision have a direct positive effect on brand performance, which in turn, positively affects financial performance. Brand orientation drives the components of brand identity. Importantly, there is variation in some of the relationships between brand orientation, brand values, brand vision and brand positioning across business-to-business firms and business-to-customer firms, and across firms in service industries and in production industries.

Research limitations/implications
The research is based on a single-country sample. Including additional factors for the model with the potential to moderate the described relationships is also called for. Future research could also consider new potential brand identity components currently not addressed in the paper.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature by increasing the knowledge of SME branding.
The evolution of brand management thinking over the last 25 years as recorded in the Journal of Product and Brand Management
Authors: Veloutsou Cleopatra , Guzman Francisco 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
By outlining the evolution of brand management research over the past 25 years, as reported in the Journal of Product and Brand Management (JPBM), this paper aims to analyze the changes in the way branding has been approached in research, highlight the current challenges the discipline faces and suggest future research avenues that will hopefully further enrich brand management knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper includes internal historical literature review and commentary.

Findings
After a thorough analysis of the journal’s content, the contribution that the JPBM has made in the development of brand management knowledge over the past 25 years is highlighted. Eight major shifts in brand management research and thought, and three overarching difficulties and challenges, are identified.

Research limitations/implications
By solely focusing on the contributions published in the journal, by no means this review is exhaustive and includes all the contributions to the discipline. Its contribution is limited to the analysis of the work, and the evolution of brand management thinking, recorded in the JPBM.

Originality/value
The paper highlights the evolution of brand management thought and presents imperatives and challenges to guide future research in brand management.
The allure of the bottle as a package: an assessment of perceived effort in a packaging context
Authors: Söderlund Magnus , Colliander Jonas , Karsberg John , Liljedal Karina T. , Modig Erik , Rosengren Sara , Sagfossen Sofie , Szugalski Stefan , Åkestam Nina 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to assess the impact of perceived effort related to packaging on overall product evaluations. Perceived effort, defined as the consumer’s perceptions of how much manufacturer effort that lies behind an offer, is assumed to contribute to evaluations by signaling unobservable characteristics of an offer.

Design/methodology/approach
Three between-subjects experiments were conducted with soft drink bottles, which were subject to variation in perceived effort.

Findings
The results show that perceived effort was positively associated with overall evaluations. The results also show that the impact of perceived effort was mediated by product quality perceptions, which indicates that effort signals quality.

Originality/value
Perceived effort has to date not been examined in the packaging literature. The present findings thus imply that models of packaging characteristics and their impact on consumers would benefit from including the effort aspect.
The influence of local government decision-making competition on enterprise innovation investment under information asymmetry and multiple risk appetite type
Authors: Wu Shaoyu , Wang Dong 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the impact of the degree of local government decision-making competition on the optimal investment amount, investment location and investment failure of innovative investment enterprise under multiple risk appetite type of innovative investment enterprise. This paper also points out three regulation paths that central government could use to avoid the influence of local government decision-making competition on the validity of enterprise innovation investment (EII).

Design/methodology/approach
Based on analysis frame of government competition about unitary government states, this paper builds duopoly decision model to analyze influence of local government decision-making competition on EII. Considering information asymmetry and multiple risk appetite type of decision-maker, this paper analyzes influence of local government decision-making competition on location selection, the optimal investment amount, identification of investment failure and exit mechanism of EII according to different relationship between reference points of local government decision-making competition and EII.

Finding
The optimal investment amount of EII has positive correlation with risk appetite type of decision-maker, local government decision-making competition. Identification of investment failure and exit are divided into three phases. The boundary conditions are directly related to risk appetite type and amount of local government subsidy. Regional factor endowment and degree of preferential policy are main factors attracting enterprise investment. Local governments should analyze the interests of EII. There are three paths to avoid vicious competition among local governments: unified planning, revising of audit index, increasing penalties for failure of policies.

Originality/value
With rapid development of China's new urbanization process, urban economy has become an important carrier of economic development. Attracting foreign direct investment is an important measure to promote urban economic growth, and EII is the most important one. However new urbanization would lead to local government decision-making competition and then influence EII. Through analyzing influence of local government decision-making competition on EII, theory guidance could be provided to decision makers of innovation investment.
A system evaluation theory analyzing value and results chain for institutional accreditation in Oman
Authors: Paquibut Rene Ymbong 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to apply the system evaluation theory (SET) to analyze the institutional quality standards of Oman Academic Accreditation Authority using the results chain and value chain tools.

Design/methodology/approach
In systems thinking, the institutional standards are connected as input, process, output and feedback and leads to the achievement of the final result. This allows the analysis of the value-creating chain of activities and the chain of results. Quality assurance can be achieved by higher education institutions when these standards and criteria are viewed as a chain of achievable results and value creating activities.

Findings
The output of the analysis is a results chain and value chain map of institutional quality standards that will be useful in strategic management and quality standards compliance.

Research limitations/implications
The research used secondary data and focused on the higher education experience in the Sultanate of Oman.

Practical implications
A proposed framework for preparing for accreditation is presented; this is significant for higher education institutions undergoing or about to undergo institutional accreditation for the first time.

Social implications
Higher education institutions in Oman which are preparing for their first institutional accreditation should benefit from this article.

Originality/value
The Sultanate of Oman is implementing the institutional standards approved for all higher education institutions only in March 2016. This is the first research article written from the perspective of the first higher education institution in Oman to undergo institutional accreditation.
Paediatric lumbar punctures: How do paediatric and emergency doctors differ?
Authors: Yeong Chee Cheen , Craig Simon S , Cheek John A 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to identify any differences between emergency physicians and emergency trainees and paediatricians and paediatric trainees in performing paediatric lumbar punctures (LPs).MethodsAnonymous cross‐sectional electronic survey was distributed to emergency physicians, emergency trainees, paediatricians and paediatric trainees within three hospitals of a single public health network. There were four standardised clinical scenarios (neonate, infant, young child and adolescent), with accompanying questions relating to neurological evaluation and imaging prior to LP, the use of written consent forms and parental presence during the procedure.ResultsPaediatricians and paediatric trainees have greater confidence performing LP on neonates and infants, while emergency physicians and emergency trainees are more confident in older children. The only differences in self‐reported neurological examination prior to LP was paediatricians and paediatric trainees being more likely to perform fundoscopy than were emergency physicians and emergency trainees in infants (21% vs 8%, P = 0.03) and young children (44% vs 16%, P < 0.001). Less than half of both groups of doctors would obtain written consent for paediatric LPs. Emergency physicians and emergency trainees were much more likely to encourage parents to remain in the room during the procedure than their paediatric counterparts (95% vs 37%, P < 0.0001).ConclusionPaediatricians and paediatric trainees are more likely to be confident in performing LP in very young children than are emergency physicians and emergency trainees. They are more likely to perform fundoscopy prior to the procedure, but are much less likely to encourage parental presence during the LP.
Urban Streamflow Response to Imported Water and Water Conservation Policies in Los Angeles, California
Authors: Manago Kimberly F. , Hogue Terri S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLos Angeles has a long history of importing water; however, drought, climate change, and environmental mitigation have forced the City to focus on developing more local water sources (target of 50% local supply by 2035). This study aims to improve understanding of water cycling in Los Angeles, including the impacts of imported water and water conservation policies. We evaluate the influence of local water restrictions on discharge records for 12 years in the Ballona Creek (urban) and Topanga Creek (natural) watersheds. Results show imported water has significantly altered the timing and volume of streamflow in the urban Ballona watershed, resulting in runoff ratios above one (more streamflow than precipitation). Further analysis comparing pre‐ vs. during‐mandatory water conservation periods shows there is a significant decrease in dry season streamflow during‐conservation in Ballona, indicating that prior to conservation efforts, heavy irrigation and other outdoor water use practices were contributing to streamflow. The difference between summer streamflow pre‐ vs. during‐conservation is enough to serve 160,000 customers in Los Angeles. If Los Angeles returns to more watering days, educating the public on proper irrigation rates is critical for ensuring efficient irrigation and conserving water; however, if water restrictions remain in place, the City must take the new flow volumes into account for complying with water quality standards in the region.
Ancient DNA analysis identifies marine mollusc shells as new metagenomic archives of the past
Authors: Der Sarkissian Clio , Pichereau Vianney , Dupont Catherine , Ilsøe Peter C. , Perrigault Mickael , Butler Paul , Chauvaud Laurent , Eiríksson Jón , Scourse James , Paillard Christine , Orlando Ludovic 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMarine mollusc shells enclose a wealth of information on coastal organisms and their environment. Their life history traits as well as (palaeo‐) environmental conditions, including temperature, food availability, salinity and pollution, can be traced through the analysis of their shell (micro‐) structure and biogeochemical composition. Adding to this list, the DNA entrapped in shell carbonate biominerals potentially offers a novel and complementary proxy both for reconstructing palaeoenvironments and tracking mollusc evolutionary trajectories. Here, we assess this potential by applying DNA extraction, high‐throughput shotgun DNA sequencing and metagenomic analyses to marine mollusc shells spanning the last ~7,000 years. We report successful DNA extraction from shells, including a variety of ancient specimens, and find that DNA recovery is highly dependent on their biomineral structure, carbonate layer preservation and disease state. We demonstrate positive taxonomic identification of mollusc species using a combination of mitochondrial DNA genomes, barcodes, genome‐scale data and metagenomic approaches. We also find shell biominerals to contain a diversity of microbial DNA from the marine environment. Finally, we reconstruct genomic sequences of organisms closely related to the Vibrio tapetis bacteria from Manila clam shells previously diagnosed with Brown Ring Disease. Our results reveal marine mollusc shells as novel genetic archives of the past, which opens new perspectives in ancient DNA research, with the potential to reconstruct the evolutionary history of molluscs, microbial communities and pathogens in the face of environmental changes. Other future applications include conservation of endangered mollusc species and aquaculture management.
Multi‐site generalised dissimilarity modelling: using zeta diversity to differentiate drivers of turnover in rare and widespread species
Authors: Latombe Guillaume , Hui Cang , McGeoch Melodie A. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryGeneralised dissimilarity modelling (GDM) applies pairwise beta diversity as a measure of species turnover with the purpose of explaining changes in species composition under changing environments or along environmental gradients. Beta diversity only captures turnover across pairs of sites and, therefore, disproportionately represents turnover in rare species across communities. By contrast, zeta diversity, the average number of shared species across multiple sites, captures the full spectrum of rare, intermediate and widespread species as they contribute differently to compositional turnover.We show how integrating zeta diversity intoGDMs (which we term multi‐site generalised dissimilarity modelling,MS‐GDM), provides a more information rich approach to modelling how communities respond to environmental variation and change. We demonstrate the value of including zeta diversity in biodiversity assessment and modelling using BirdLife Australia Atlas data. Zeta diversity values for different numbers of sites (the order of zeta) are regressed against environmental differences and distance using two kinds of regressions: shape constrained additive models and a combination of I‐splines and generalised linear models.ApplyingMS‐GDMto different orders of zeta revealed shifts in the importance of environmental variables in explaining species turnover, varying with the order of zeta and thus with the level of co‐occurrence of the species and, by extension, their commonness and rarity. In particular, precipitation gradients emerged as drivers in the turnover of rare species, whereas temperature gradients were more important drivers of turnover in widespread species.Appreciation of the factors that drive compositional turnover across multiple sites is necessary for accommodating the full spectrum of compositional turnover across rare to common species. This extends beyond understanding drivers for pairwise beta diversity only.MS‐GDMprovides a valuable addition to the toolkit ofGDM, with further potential for survey gap analysis and prediction of species composition in unsampled sites.
Osteocalcin, a bone‐derived hormone with important andrological implications
Authors: De Toni L. , Di Nisio A. , Rocca M. S. , De Rocco Ponce M. , Ferlin A. , Foresta C. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIncreasing evidence disclosed the existence of a novel multi‐organ endocrine pathway, involving bone, pancreas and testis, of high penetrance in energy metabolism and male fertility. The main mediator of this axis is undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), a bone‐derived protein‐exerting systemic effects on tissues expressing the metabotropic receptor GPRC6A. The recognized effects of ucOC are the improvement of insulin secretion from the pancreas, the amelioration of systemic insulin sensitivity, in particular in skeletal muscle, and the stimulation of the global endocrine activity of the Leydig cell, including vitamin D 25‐hydroxylation and testosterone production. The supporting evidence of this circuit in both animal and human models is here reviewed, with particular emphasis on the role of ucOC on testis function. The possible pharmacological modulation of this hormonal circuit for therapeutic aims is also discussed.
Can Self‐Compassion Promote Healthcare Provider Well‐Being and Compassionate Care to Others? Results of a Systematic Review
Authors: Sinclair Shane , Kondejewski Jane , Raffin‐Bouchal Shelley , King‐Shier Kathryn M. , Singh Pavneet 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThis meta‐narrative review, conducted according to the RAMESES (Realist And Meta‐narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards) standards, critically examines the construct of self‐compassion to determine if it is an accurate target variable to mitigate work‐related stress and promote compassionate caregiving in healthcare providers.MethodsPubMed, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched. Studies were coded as referring to: (1) conceptualisation of self‐compassion; (2) measures of self‐compassion; (3) self‐compassion and affect; and (4) self‐compassion interventions. A narrative approach was used to evaluate self‐compassion as a paradigm.ResultsSixty‐nine studies were included. The construct of self‐compassion in healthcare has significant limitations. Self‐compassion has been related to the definition of compassion, but includes limited facets of compassion and adds elements of uncompassionate behavior. Empirical studies use the Self‐Compassion Scale, which is criticised for its psychometric and theoretical validity. Therapeutic interventions purported to cultivate self‐compassion may have a broader effect on general affective states. An alleged outcome of self‐compassion is compassionate care; however, we found no studies that included patient reports on this primary outcome.ConclusionWe critically examine and delineate self‐compassion in healthcare providers as a composite of common facets of self‐care, healthy self‐attitude, and self‐awareness rather than a construct in and of itself.
Opioid system and human emotions
Authors: Nummenmaa Lauri , Tuominen Lauri 
Published: April 2017

Emotions are states of vigilant readiness that guide human and animal behaviour during survival‐salient situations. Categorical models of emotions posit neurally and physiologically distinct basic human emotions (anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness and surprise) that govern different survival functions. Opioid receptors are expressed abundantly in the mammalian emotion circuit, and the opioid system modulates a variety of functions related to arousal and motivation. Yet, its specific contribution to different basic emotions has remained poorly understood. Here, we review how the endogenous opioid system and particularly the μ receptor contribute to emotional processing in humans. Activation of the endogenous opioid system is consistently associated with both pleasant and unpleasant emotions. In general, exogenous opioid agonists facilitate approach‐oriented emotions (anger, pleasure) and inhibit avoidance‐oriented emotions (fear, sadness). Opioids also modulate social bonding and affiliative behaviour, and prolonged opioid abuse may render both social bonding and emotion recognition circuits dysfunctional. However, there is no clear evidence that the opioid system is able to affect the emotions associated with surprise and disgust. Taken together, the opioid systems contribute to a wide array of positive and negative emotions through their general ability to modulate the approach versus avoidance motivation associated with specific emotions. Because of the protective effects of opioid system‐mediated prosociality and positive mood, the opioid system may constitute an important factor contributing to psychological and psychosomatic resilience.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visithttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc