bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing a reproducible protocol for measuring index active extension strength
Authors: Matter-Parrat V. , Hidalgo Diaz J. J. , Collon S. , Salazar Botero S. , Prunières G. , Ichihara S. , Facca S. , Liverneaux P. 
Published: July 2016

The goal of this study was to establish a reproducible protocol to measure active extension strength in the index finger. The secondary objectives consisted in correlating the independent or associated index extension strength to the other fingers force of contraction of the extensor indicis propius with hand dominance. The population studied consisted of 24 healthy volunteers, including 19 women and 20 right-handed individuals. The independent and dependent index extension strength in each hand was measured three times with a dynamometer by three examiners at Day 0 and again at Day 7. Intra and inter-examiner reproducibility were, respectively, >0.90 and >0.75 in all cases. The independent extension strength was lower than the dependent one. There was no difference between the independent index extension strength on the dominant and non-dominant sides. The same was true for the dependent strength. Our results show that our protocol is reproducible in measuring independent and dependent index extension strength. Dominance did not come into account. Level of evidence: II
Incidence and Cost of Ankle Sprains in United States Emergency Departments
Authors: Shah Shweta , Thomas Abbey C. , Noone Joshua M. , Blanchette Christopher M. , Wikstrom Erik A. 
Published: July 2016

Background: Ankle sprains represent a common injury in emergency departments, but little is known about common complications, procedures, and charges associated with ankle sprains in emergency departments. Hypothesis: There will be a higher incidence of ankle sprains among younger populations (≤25 years old) and in female patients. Complications and procedures will differ between ankle sprain types. Lateral ankle sprains will have lower health care charges relative to medial and high ankle sprains. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A cross-sectional study of the 2010 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample was conducted. Outcomes such as charges, complications, and procedures were compared using propensity score matching between lateral and medial as well as lateral and high ankle sprains. Results: The sample contained 225,114 ankle sprains. Female patients sustained more lateral ankle sprains (57%). After propensity score adjustment, lateral sprains incurred greater charges than medial ankle sprains (median [interquartile range], $1008 [$702-$1408] vs $914 [$741-$1108]; P < 0.01). Among complications, pain in the limb (1.92% vs 0.52%, P = 0.03), sprain of the foot (2.96% vs 0.70%, P < 0.01), and abrasion of the hip/leg (1.57% vs 0.35%, P = 0.03) were more common in lateral than medial ankle sprain events. Among procedures, medial ankle sprains were more likely to include diagnostic radiology (97.91% vs 83.62%, P < 0.01) and less likely to include medications than lateral ankle sprains (0.87% vs 2.79%, P < 0.01). Hospitalizations were more common following high ankle sprains than lateral ankle sprains (24 [6.06%] vs 1 [0.25%], P < 0.01). Conclusion: Ankle sprain emergency department visits account for significant health care charges in the United States. Age- and sex-related differences persist among the types of ankle sprains. Clinical Relevance: The health care charges associated with ankle sprains indicate the need for additional preventive measures. There are age- and sex-related differences in the prevalence of ankle sprains that suggest these demographics may be risk factors for ankle sprains.
NFL Combine Athletic Performance after ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Marshall Nathan E. , Keller Robert A. , Mehran Nima , Austin William , Moutzouros Vasilios 
Published: July 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the functional performance of NFL combine participants after ACL reconstruction compared with an age-, size-, and position-matched control group. The hypothesis was that there would be no difference between players after ACL reconstruction as compared with controls in functional athletic performance. Methods: A total of 98 NFL-caliber athletes who had undergone primary ACL reconstruction and participated in the NFL scouting combine between 2010 and 2014 were reviewed and compared with an age-, size-, and position-matched control group. Data recorded for each player included a 40-yard dash, vertical leap, broad jump, shuttle drill, and 3-cone drill. Results: With regard to speed and acceleration, the mean 40-yard dash time for ACL-reconstructed players was 4.74 seconds (range, 4.33-5.55 seconds) compared with controls at 4.74 seconds (range, 4.34-5.38 seconds; P = .96). Jumping performance was also similar, with a mean vertical leap for ACL-reconstructed players of 33.35 inches (range, 23-43 inches) and broad jump of 113.9 inches (range, 96-136 inches) compared with respective values for the controls of 33.22 inches (range, 23.5-43.5 inches; P = .84) and 113.9 inches (range, 92-134 inches; P = .99). Agility and quickness testing measures also did not show a statistically significantly difference, with ACL-reconstructed players performing the shuttle drill in 4.37 seconds (range, 4.02-4.84 seconds) and the 3-cone drill in 7.16 seconds (range, 6.45-8.14 seconds), respectively, compared with respective times for the controls of 4.37 seconds (range, 3.96-5.00 seconds; P = .91) and 7.18 seconds (range, 6.64-8.24 seconds; P = .75). Conclusion: This study suggests that after ACL reconstruction, high-caliber athletes can achieve equivalent levels of perfor- mance with no statistically significant differences compared with matched controls. This information is unique when advising high-level athletes on athletic performance after ACL reconstruction, suggesting that those who fully recover and return to play appear to have no decrement in athletic performance.
Spontaneous Healing of the Ruptured Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Roe Justin , Salmon Lucy , Waller Alison , Linklater James , Pinczewski Leo 
Published: July 2016

Objectives: It is widely believed that ACL tears are incapable of healing. However, there are anecdotal experiences of the healed ACL and sporadic case reports and series documenting either clinical or radiographic evidence of healed ACL tears. A truly healed ACL would demonstrate a clinically stable knee on Lachman and pivot shift testing, normal return to function and MRI and/or arthroscopic documentation of a continuous ligament. This is in contrast to “copers” who have an ACL deficient knee but lack instability either because of good neuromuscular control or non-participation in activities which are heavily ACL dependent. In this prospective series we report on the presentation and 5 year follow-up of patients with both clinical and radiographically healed ACLs. Methods: 19 patients who presented between July 2007 and April 2010 within 6 weeks of injury with clinical laxity and MRI confirmed ACL rupture. Patients subsequently demonstrated clinical knee stability at 8-12 weeks after pre-habilitation to obtain a pain free mobile joint. Prospective data was collected on these patients with MRI at 12 months, IKDC clinical and subjective scores, KT1000 instrumental laxity testing and Lysholm knee score at 12, 24 and 60 months. Results: At one year follow-up MRI 18/19 patients demonstrated a healed ACL with normal signal, normal trajectory and continuity of fibres. Remainder 1 patient demonstrated bridging of ACL tear with scar tissue and abnormal trajectory of fibers. 5 of 19 patients re-ruptured within 5 years of follow-up. At 5 years follow-up, intact healed ACL patients had a mean IKDC score of 88, mean Lysholm score of 92 and mean KT1000 score of 1.7 mm. 100% reported regular participation in strenuous sport. Conclusion: Although rare, spontaneous healing of the ACL is possible. The mechanism by which this occurs in unknown. It is recommended that reassessment of knee stability should be performed in the non-acute phase after an appropriate prehabilitation program prior to ACL reconstruction to ensure spontaneous healing of the ACL has not occurred.
Quality of life assessment scores after ACL reconstruction. 223 patients from the Unisports clinic
Authors: Rosenfeldt MP , Stanley J , Walsh SJ , Twaddle BC , Tietjens BR 
Published: July 2016

Objective: Determination of the effectiveness of ACL reconstruction requires outcome measures. Traditionally these have been based on a clinical assessment by the surgeon. The most important outcomes to measure are those that are important to the patient themselves. Methods: Over a 5-year period all eligible patients completed a validated ACL-QOL outcome measure. This proved to be a very difficult group to follow with only 22% of eligible patients completing all data forms. Results: ACL provided improved function across of categories on 1 year ACL-QOL scores. There remained a significant deficit to a “normal” knee score. Conclusion: Highlighting the importance of prospective data collection, patients had worse retrospective scores at 1 year than they had prospectively.
Graft Diameter matters in Hamstring ACL reconstruction
Authors: Clatworthy Mark 
Published: July 2016

Objective: Recently techniques have been developed to increase graft diameter in hamstring ACL reconstruction with the hope to decrease graft failure. To date there is limited evidence to show that a smaller graft diameter results in a higher ACL failure rate. Method: The factors for failure in 1480 consecutive single surgeon hamstring ACL reconstructions were evaluated prospectively. Patients were followed for 2-15 years. A multivariate analysis was performed which looked at graft size, age, sex, time to surgery, meniscal integrity, meniscal repair and ACL graft placement to determine whether graft diameter matters in determining the failure of hamstring ACL reconstruction. Results: Graft diameters ranged from 6-10 mm. The mean graft diameter for all patients was 7.75 mm. 83 ACL reconstructions failed. The mean size of graft failures was 7.55 mm ACL reconstructions that failed had a significantly smaller hamstring graft diameter p=0.001. The Hazard Ratio for a smaller diameter graft is 0.517 p=<0.0001. For every 1 mm decrease in graft diameter there is a 48.3% higher chance of failure. The multivariate analysis showed a hazard ratio of 0.543 p=0.002. For every 1 mm decrease in graft diameter there is a 45.7% higher chance of failure. Conclusion: Smaller diameter hamstring grafts do have a higher failure rate. Grafts ≤ 7.5 mm had twice the failure rate of grafts ≥8 mm using a multivariate analysis for every 1 mm decrease in graft diameter there is a 45.7% higher chance of failure.
Fifteen Year Prospective Comparison of Patellar & Hamstring Tendon Grafts for ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Roe Justin , Salmon Lucy , Kok Alison , Linklater James , Pinczewski Leo 
Published: July 2016

Objective: This prospective longitudinal study compares isolated endoscopic ACL reconstruction utilizing 4-strand hamstring tendon (HT) or patellar tendon (PT) autograft over a 15-year period with respect to clinical outcomes and the development of osteoarthritis. Method: 90 consecutive patients with isolated ACL rupture were reconstructed with a PT autograft and 90 patients received HT autograft, with an identical surgical technique. Patients were assessed at 2, 5, 7, 10 and 15 years. Assessment included the IKDC Knee Ligament Evaluation including radiographic evaluation, KT1000, kneeling pain, and clinical outcomes. Results: Subjects who received the PT graft had significantly worse outcomes at 15 years for the variables of radiologically detectable osteoarthritis (p=0.001), motion loss (p=0.02), single leg hop test (p=0.002), participation in strenuous activity (p=0.03), knee related decrease in activity level (p=0.002) and kneeling pain (p=0.03). There was no significant difference between the HT and PT groups in overall IKDC grade (p=0.28). ACL graft rupture occurred in 16% of HT group and 8% of the PT group (p=0.10). Contralateral ACL rupture occurred in significantly more PT patients (24%) than HT patients (12%) (p=0.03). Conclusion: Significant differences have developed at 15 years after surgery which were not seen at earlier reviews. Compared to the HT Group, the PT group had significantly worse outcomes with respect to radiological osteoarthritis, range of motion and functional tests but no significant difference in laxity was identified. There was a high incidence of ACL injury after reconstruction, to both the reconstructed and the contralateral knee.
Tranexamic Acid Administration in Total Knee Arthroplasty Without Tourniquet
Authors: Bohler Iain R M , Howse Louise , Baird Andrew , Giles Nigel 
Published: July 2016

Objective: There are multiple documented advantages of undertaking total knee arthroplasty (TKA) without tourniquet, however, increased rates of blood loss and transfusion are often cited as contraindications to this approach. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of intra-operative TA administration on blood loss and transfusion rates in TKA without pneumatic tourniquet, using Rivaroxaban as thrombo-embolic prophylaxis. Method: 120 patients split into two continuous data sets, (A+B), underwent TKA without application of above knee tourniquet, receiving a post-operative dose of oral Rivaroxaban within 8 hours. Group B patients received an intra-operative dose of 1 gram of Tranexamic Acid intravenously before the first cut, whilst those in group A did not. Haemoglobin and Haematocrit levels were recorded peri-operatively. A revised Gross formula was used to calculate blood loss. Four patients were excluded from the study for incomplete data. Result: 58 patients (M34F24) in Group A, average age 6, had a mean Haemoglobin drop of 33gram/litre, Haematocrit drop of 0.097litre/litre (9.7%), with an average calculated blood loss of 1393 ml. 58 (M34, F24) patients in group B, average age 67, had a Haemoglobin drop of 25.2gram/litre, Haematocrit drop of 0.076litre/litre (7.6%) with an average calculated blood loss of1079 ml. Thus Group A patients were seen to sustain significantly more blood loss without TA administration, with a 29.1% larger calculated blood loss, a 25.5% larger drop in Haemoglobin and a 27.6% larger fall in Haematocrit. Transfusion rate was 5.2%(3 patients) per group. Conclusion: TA was shown to be effective in reducing blood loss in TKA without tourniquet using Rivaroxaban. Transfusion rates of 5.2% across both groups is close to 1/10th of the transfusion rate reported for major studies of TKA using Rivaroxaban with tourniquet application, and 1/8th of the transfusion rate in studies of TKA with administration of TA and use of tourniquet.
The Impact of Patient and Surgical Factors for Primary Knee Arthroplasty Infection
Authors: Young S W , Tayton E R , Frampton C , Hooper G J 
Published: July 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) following TKA. Method: The New Zealand Joint Registry database was analyzed, using revision surgery for PJI at 6 and 12 months as primary outcome measures. Statistical associations between revision for infection, with common and definable surgical and patient factors were tested. 64,566 primary TKAs have been recorded on the registry between 1999 and 2012 with minimum 12 months follow-up. Results: Multivariate analysis showed significant associations with revision for PJI (p<0.05) between male gender (odds ratio (OR) 1.85), previous surgery (osteotomy OR 2.45, ligament reconstruction OR 1.85), the use of laminar flow (OR 1.6) and the use of antibiotic-laden cement OR 1.93). There was a trend towards significance (p=0.052) with the use of surgical helmet systems (SHS) at 6 months (OR 1.53). Conclusion: These findings show patient factors remain the most important in terms of predicting early PJI following TKA. Furthermore, we found no evidence that modern SHSs reduce PJI risk and laminar flow systems may actually increase risk in TKA. The use of this registry data assists estimation of potential risk of PJI for individual patients, which is important for both informed consent and interpretation of institutional infection rates.
National joint registry data underestimates the burden of prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Young Simon , Zhu Mark , Ravi Saiprasad , Luey Chris 
Published: July 2016

Objective: Joint registries are powerful tools for tracking outcomes following joint arthroplasty. However recent literature has exposed deficiencies in data accuracy when reporting re-operations for prosthetic joint infections (PJI), particularly when no components are changed. The aim of this study was to compare accuracy of data from the New Zealand Joint Registry (NZJR) to a multi-centre audit of hospital records to establish the rate of capture for PJI reoperations. Methods: We followed 4009 patients undergoing total knee or hip arthroplasty performed at the three tertiary referral hospitals from January 2006 to December 2008 for two years. The reoperation rate for PJIs was extracted from the NZJR. In addition, an audit of hospital records for the same patients was carried out to identify reoperations for PJI. The audit data was then compared to the NZJR data. Results: The NZJR reported a reoperation rate of 0.67% for PJI within two years of the primary arthroplasty compared to 1.1% from the audit of hospital records, giving the NZJR a sensitivity of 63%. Only 36% of washout only procedures and 58% of modular exchange procedures were captured. Surgeons were more likely to report PJIs to NZJR if they performed the primary procedure. Conclusion: National joint registry data significantly underestimates the rate of reoperation for PJI. Strategies for improving data accuracy may include revising the registry forms to include reoperation without change of components and frequent validation of national data with other databases.
Unexplained Pain Following Total Knee Arthroplasty – Is Rotational Malalignment the Problem?
Authors: Young Simon , Roberts Catherine , Bauman Alicia , Sperlak Cynthia , Spangehl Mark , Clarke Henry 
Published: July 2016

Objective: Malrotation of both tibial and femoral components has been suggested as a potential source of pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However previous studies have been small, with variable control groups. The aim of this study was to compare component rotational alignment in TKA patients with unexplained pain to a control group with well-functioning TKA. Method: Seventy-one patients presenting with unexplained pain following primary TKA were included in this retrospective, comparative study. Diagnostic work-up included clinical examination, blood tests, x-rays, long-leg films, and CT scan. Patients with an identifiable diagnosis or with initially well-functioning TKAs were excluded. A control group of 41 patients with well-functioning TKAs also underwent CT scans. Femoral component rotation was measured relative to the surgical epicondylar axis, and tibial component rotation relative to the medial third of the tibial tubercle using a previously validated method involving 3D-image reconstruction. Findings were compared between painful and control TKA groups. Results: We found no difference in femoral component rotation between the painful and control groups (mean 0.6° vs 1.0° external rotation (ER), p=0.4), and no difference in tibial component rotation (mean 11.2° vs 9.5° internal rotation(IR), p=0.3). Fifty-nine percent of patients in the painful group had tibial component rotation >9°IR versus 49% in the control group. 6% of patients in the painful group and 2% in the control group had femoral component rotation >3°IR. There was no difference in overall coronal alignment between groups (mean 1.3° varus vs 0.5° varus, p=0.23). Conclusion: In this the largest study yet reported on component rotation in TKA, we found no difference in the incidence of tibial or femoral component malalignment in painful versus well-functioning TKAs. Tibial component IR in particular appears to be a common finding, and its significance when evaluating the painful TKA should be interpreted with caution.
Ten-Year Comparison of Oxidized Zirconium and Cobalt-Chromium Femoral Components in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Roe Justin , Vioreanu Mihai , Salmon Lucy , Waller Alison , Pinczewski Leo 
Published: July 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if oxidized zirconium femoral components had better outcomes than cobalt-chromium in vivo at medium and long term and if the use of oxidized zirconium components had clinical adverse effects. Methods: Forty consecutive patients (eighty knees) underwent simultaneous bilateral cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis from January 2002 to December 2003. For each patient, the knees were randomized to receive the oxidized zirconium femoral component, with the contralateral knee receiving the cobalt-chromium component. Outcome measures included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Knee Society score, and British Orthopaedic Association patient satisfaction scale. Radiographic outcomes include the Knee Society total knee arthroplasty roentgenographic evaluation and scoring system and measurement of radiographic wear. Patients and assessors were blinded to the treatment groups and results. Results: There were no significant differences in clinical, subjective, and radiographic outcomes between the two implants at ten years postoperatively. Ten years following surgery, 36% of the patients preferred the cobalt-chromium knee compared with 11% who preferred the oxidized zirconium knee (p = 0.02) and 53% had no preference. Conclusions: Ten-year outcomes after total knee arthroplasty with oxidized zirconium and cobalt-chromium femoral components showed no significant differences in clinical, subjective, and radiographic outcomes. Patients had no preference or preferred the cobalt chromium prosthesis to the oxidized zirconium prosthesis. There were no adverse effects associated with the use of oxidized zirconium femoral implants.