bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying apart what belongs together: A multi‐state species distribution modelling framework for species using distinct habitats
Authors: Frans Veronica F. , Augé Amélie A. , Edelhoff Hendrik , Erasmi Stefan , Balkenhol Niko , Engler Jan O. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Species distribution models (SDMs) have been used to inform scientists and conservationists about the status and change in occurrence patterns in threatened species. Many mobile species use multiple functionally distinct habitats, and cannot occupy one habitat type without the other being within a reachable distance. For such species, classical applications of SDMs might lead to erroneous representations of habitat suitability, as the complex relationships between predictors are lost when merging occurrence information across multiple habitats. To better account for the spatial arrangement of complementary—yet mandatory—habitat types, it is important to implement modelling strategies that partition occurrence information according to habitat use in a spatial context. Here, we address this issue by introducing a multi‐state SDM framework.

The multi‐state SDM framework stratifies occurrences according to the temporal or behavioural use of distinct habitat types, referred to as “states.” Multiple SDMs are then run for each state and statistical thresholds of presence are used to combine these separate predictions. To identify suitable sites that account for distance between habitats, two optional modules are proposed where the thresholded output is aggregated and filtered by minimum area size, or through moving windows across maximum reachable distances.

We illustrate the full use of this framework by modelling the dynamic terrestrial breeding habitat preferences of the New Zealand sea lion (NZSL) (Phocarctos hookeri), using Maxent and trialling both modules to identify suitable sites for possible recolonization.

The Maxent predictions showed excellent performance, and the multi‐state SDM framework highlighted 36–77 potential suitable breeding sites in the study area.

This framework can be applied to inform management when defining habitat suitability for species with complex changes in habitat use. It accounts for temporal and behavioural changes in distribution, maintains the individuality of each partitioned SDM, and considers distance between distinct habitat types. It also yields one final, easy‐to‐understand output for stakeholders and managers.
Neurology Concepts: Young Women and Ischemic Stroke—Evaluation and Management in the Emergency Department
Authors: Chang Bernard P. , Wira Charles , Miller Joseph , Akhter Murtaza , Barth Bradley E. , Willey Joshua , Nentwich Lauren , Madsen Tracy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveIschemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While the incidence of ischemic stroke is highest in older populations, incidence of ischemic stroke in adults has been rising particularly rapidly among young (e.g., premenopausal) women. The evaluation and timely diagnosis of ischemic stroke in young women presents a challenging situation in the emergency department, due to a range of sex‐specific risk factors and to broad differentials. The goals of this concepts paper are to summarize existing knowledge regarding the evaluation and management of young women with ischemic stroke in the acute setting.MethodsA panel of six board‐certified emergency physicians, one with fellowship training in stroke and one with training in sex‐ and sex‐based medicine, along with one vascular neurologist were coauthors involved in the paper. Each author used various search strategies (e.g., PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar) for primary research and reviewed articles related to their section. The references were reviewed and evaluated for relevancy and included based on review by the lead authors.ResultsEstimates on the incidence of ischemic stroke in premenopausal women range from 3.65 to 8.9 per 100,000 in the United States. Several risk factors for ischemic stroke exist for young women including oral contraceptive (OCP) use and migraine with aura. Pregnancy and the postpartum period (up to 12 weeks) is also an important transient state during which risks for both ischemic stroke and cerebral hemorrhage are elevated, accounting for 18% of strokes in women under 35. Current evidence regarding the management of acute ischemic stroke in young women is also summarized including use of thrombolytic agents (e.g., tissue plasminogen activator) in both pregnant and nonpregnant individuals.ConclusionUnique challenges exist in the evaluation and diagnosis of ischemic stroke in young women. There are still many opportunities for future research aimed at improving detection and treatment of this population.
Randomized Controlled Double‐blind Trial Comparing Haloperidol Combined With Conventional Therapy to Conventional Therapy Alone in Patients With Symptomatic Gastroparesis
Authors: Roldan Carlos J. , Chambers Kimberly A. , Paniagua Linda , Patel Sonali , Cardenas‐Turanzas Marylou , Chathampally Yashwant 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveGastroparesis is a debilitating condition that causes nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Management includes analgesics and antiemetics, but symptoms are often refractory. Haloperidol has been utilized in the palliative care setting for similar symptoms. The study objective was to determine whether haloperidol as an adjunct to conventional therapy would improve symptoms in gastroparesis patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).Study Design and MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of adult ED patients with acute exacerbation of previously diagnosed gastroparesis. The treatment group received 5 mg of haloperidol plus conventional therapy (determined by the treating physician). The control group received a placebo plus conventional therapy. The severity of each subject's abdominal pain and nausea were assessed before intervention and every 15 minutes thereafter for 1 hour using a 10‐point scale for pain and a 5‐point scale for nausea. Primary outcomes were decreased pain and nausea 1 hour after treatment.ResultsOf the 33 study patients, 15 were randomized to receive haloperidol. Before treatment, the mean intensity of pain was 8.5 in the haloperidol group and 8.28 in the placebo group; mean pretreatment nausea scores were 4.53 and 4.11, respectively. One hour after therapy, the mean pain and nausea scores in the haloperidol group were 3.13 and 1.83 compared to 7.17 and 3.39 in the placebo group. The reduction in mean pain intensity therapy was 5.37 in the haloperidol group (p ≤ 0.001) compared to 1.11 in the placebo group (p = 0.11). The reduction in mean nausea score was 2.70 in the haloperidol group (p ≤ 0.001) and 0.72 in the placebo group (p = 0.05). Therefore, the reductions in symptom scores were statistically significant in the haloperidol group but not in the placebo group. No adverse events were reported.ConclusionsHaloperidol as an adjunctive therapy is superior to placebo for acute gastroparesis symptoms.
Prehospital Advanced Cardiac Life Support for Out‐of‐hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Cohort Study
Authors: Cournoyer Alexis , Notebaert Éric , Iseppon Massimiliano , Cossette Sylvie , Londei‐Leduc Luc , Lamarche Yoan , Morris Judy , Piette Éric , Daoust Raoul , Chauny Jean‐Marc , Sokoloff Catalina , Cavayas Yiorgos Alexandros , Paquet Jean , Denault André 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesOut‐of‐hospital advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) has not consistently shown a positive impact on survival. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E‐CPR) could render prolonged on‐site resuscitation (ACLS or basic cardiac life support [BCLS]) undesirable in selected cases. The objectives of this study were to evaluate, in patients suffering from out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in a subgroup of potential E‐CPR candidates, the association between the addition of prehospital ACLS to BCLS and survival to hospital discharge, prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and delay from call to hospital arrival.MethodsThis cohort study targets adult patients treated for OHCA between April 2010 and December 2015 in the city of Montreal, Canada. We defined potential E‐CPR candidates using clinical criteria previously described in the literature (65 years of age or younger, initial shockable rhythm, absence of ROSC after 15 minutes of prehospital resuscitation, and emergency medical services–witnessed collapse or witnessed collapse with bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation). Associations were evaluated using multivariate regression models.ResultsA total of 7,134 patients with OHCA were included, 761 (10.7%) of whom survived to discharge. No independent association between survival to hospital discharge and the addition of prehospital ACLS to BCLS was found in either the entire cohort (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.05 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.84–1.32], p = 0.68) or among the 246 potential E‐CPR candidates (AOR = 0.82 [95% CI = 0.36–1.84], p = 0.63). The addition of prehospital ACLS to BCLS was associated with a significant increase in the rate of prehospital ROSC in all patients experiencing OHCA (AOR = 3.92 [95% CI = 3.38–4.55], p < 0.001) and in potential E‐CPR candidates (AOR = 3.48 [95% CI = 1. 76–6.88], p < 0.001) compared to isolated prehospital BCLS. Delay from call to hospital arrival was longer in the ACLS group than in the BCLS group (difference = 16 minutes [95% CI = 15–16 minutes], p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn a tiered‐response urban emergency medical service setting, prehospital ACLS is not associated with an improvement in survival to hospital discharge in patients suffering from OHCA and in potential E‐CPR candidates, but with an improvement in prehospital ROSC and with longer delay to hospital arrival.
The course and distribution of the buccal nerve: clinical relevance in dentistry
Authors: Takezawa K , Ghabriel M , Townsend G 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe buccal branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve is commonly anaesthetized for dental procedures and may be damaged during surgery. Descriptions of the distribution of the buccal nerve (BN) in anatomical texts are generally lacking in detail and do not provide information about the extent of its variation between individuals. There are also commonly‐held clinical beliefs about the BN that lack support from anatomical dissections.MethodsDetailed dissections of the course and distribution of the BN were performed in a sample of 12 hemi‐heads from 11 edentulous and partially dentate human adult cadavers.ResultsA broader distribution of the BN was found than described previously, with innervation extending to the lips in all cases. Approximately half of the lateral sides of the lips were innervated by the BN in two cases and approximately one‐third of their lateral sides in the other 10 cases. Distribution of the BN to the lower lips was wider than to the upper lips.ConclusionsOur findings provide a stronger anatomical basis to underpin clinical procedures involving the BN and indicate that some commonly‐held clinical views about this nerve are not supported by anatomical evidence.
Injury‐induced maladaptation and dysregulation of calcium channel α2δ subunit proteins and its contribution to neuropathic pain development
Authors: Gong Nian , Park John , Luo Z David 
Published: June 2017

Voltage‐gated calcium channels (VGCCs) play important roles in physiological functions including the modulation of neurotransmitter release, neuronal network activities, intracellular signalling pathways and gene expression. Some pathological conditions, including nerve injuries, can cause the dysregulation of VGCCs and their subunits. This in turn can lead to a functional maladaptation of VGCCs and their subunits, which can contribute to the development of disorders such as pain sensations. This review has summarized recent findings related to maladaptive changes in the dysregulated VGCC α2δ1 subunit (Cavα2δ1) with a focus on exploring the mechanisms underlying the contribution of Cavα2δ1 to pain signal transduction. At least under neuropathic pain conditions, the dysregulated Cavα2δ1 can modulate VGCC functions as well as other plasticity changes. The latter includes abnormal excitatory synaptogenesis resulting from its interactions with injury‐induced extracellular matrix glycoprotein molecule thrombospondins, which is independent of the VGCC functions. Blocking Cavα2δ1 with gabapentinoids can reverse neuropathic pain significantly with relatively mild side effects, but only in a small population of neuropathic pain patients due to reasons yet to be explored. There are emerging data suggesting that early preventive treatment with gabapentinoids can prevent aberrant excitatory synapse formation and the development of chronic pain. If these findings are confirmed clinically, this could be an attractive approach for neuropathic pain management.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc
Micro politics of Social Safety Net Programmes: The case of the Food‐For‐Work Programme in Bangladesh
Authors: Kundo Hare Krisna 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA number of studies have established that politics has a role in shaping and implementing Social Safety Net Programmes (SSNPs) and, conversely,SSNPs also influence national or local politics. This study qualitatively analyzes the micro level political discourses of the Food‐For‐Work programme, one of the top 10SSNPs in Bangladesh, using the concepts of access, institutions and agency under livelihood framework. The analysis of the findings reveals that the programme is not effective in terms of the stated objectives of reducing poverty, but rather serves the interest of political elites. Beneficiary access to the projects depends on categorical membership, ability to participate and gender, which lead the programme to be reduced to subsidized infrastructure projects.
A visual information tool for user participation during the lifecycle of school building design: BIM
Authors: Koutamanis Alexander , Heuer Jos , Könings Karen D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUser participation is a key element in decision processes concerning the accommodation of dynamic organisations such as schools. This article addresses the discrepancy between the perspectives of the architects and engineers, as the makers of school buildings, and school management, teachers and students, as the users of the buildings, and proposes that productive and efficient participatory design of school buildings requires appropriate information tools. Visual information technology tools, such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), already used in interaction between architects, engineers, consultants, etc., are proposed to support school managers, teachers and students in participating in all stages of the life cycle of their school building. The proposed use of BIM is compared to a retrospective analysis of a Dutch school which realised a completely new secondary education building. The article concludes with recommendations to increase the impact of visual information technology tools such as BIM in the design of school buildings in Europe and beyond.
Stress and coping in Japanese mothers whose infants required congenital heart disease surgery
Authors: Nakazuru Aya , Sato Naho , Nakamura Nobue 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundWith the growing number of severe congenital heart disease (CHD) surgeries, some hospitals in Japan are experiencing difficulty meeting the demand for CHD surgery. As a result, CHD surgery preparation is difficult for mothers of these infants.AimsTo examine the stress and coping of mothers whose infants needed CHD surgery and to identify the factors that influenced maternal coping.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with 11 mothers whose infants had undergone CHD surgery. Qualitative analyses of transcribed interviews were performed.ResultsThe coping of mothers for surgery began when mothers received news of their infant's CHD diagnosis. Maternal stress appraisal and coping changed as surgery approached. In particular, maternal coping was influenced by diagnosis event, symptoms of their child, anticipated number of surgeries, presence of chromosomal abnormality, and infant age.ConclusionThe stressors and coping challenges of mothers whose infants needed CHD surgery changed as the surgery date approached, and these were influenced by 5 factors.
Introducing solution‐focussed brief therapy to mental health nurses across a local health district in Australia
Authors: Wand Timothy , Acret Louise , D'Abrew Natalie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSolution‐focussed brief therapy (SFBT) can be applied to effectively address a broad range of mental health‐, alcohol‐, and substance‐related challenges. The compatibility that SFBT has with mental health nursing practice has been widely recognized. The aim of the present mixed‐methods study was to introduce and evaluate the utility of SFBT principles, strategies, and techniques to the clinical work of mental health nurses from a local health district in Sydney, Australia. Following a 4‐hour introductory SFBT workshop, participants were invited to complete a one‐page evaluation and undertake a follow‐up individual telephone interview with a research assistant. Participants (n = 65) were positive about the workshop content and recognized the potential benefits of SFBT in clinical practice. Interviewed participants (n = 14) were enthusiastic about SFBT. However, they also identified that using SFBT was challenging, particularly as the approach was considered different to current practices in mental health services. A lack of confidence with incorporating SFBT in their clinical work was also acknowledged, and participants expressed interest in additional training, including more time to practise SFBT strategies and techniques. Widespread training for mental health nurses in SFBT is indicated, including opportunities for supervision and to observe SFBT being employed by experienced clinicians.
Resistance to group clinical supervision: A semistructured interview study of non‐participating mental health nursing staff members
Authors: Buus Niels , Delgado Cynthia , Traynor Michael , Gonge Henrik 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis present study is a report of an interview study exploring personal views on participating in group clinical supervision among mental health nursing staff members who do not participate in supervision. There is a paucity of empirical research on resistance to supervision, which has traditionally been theorized as a supervisee's maladaptive coping with anxiety in the supervision process. The aim of the present study was to examine resistance to group clinical supervision by interviewing nurses who did not participate in supervision. In 2015, we conducted semistructured interviews with 24 Danish mental health nursing staff members who had been observed not to participate in supervision in two periods of 3 months. Interviews were audio‐recorded and subjected to discourse analysis. We constructed two discursive positions taken by the informants: (i) ‘forced non‐participation’, where an informant was in favour of supervision, but presented practical reasons for not participating; and (ii) ‘deliberate rejection’, where an informant intentionally chose to not to participate in supervision. Furthermore, we described two typical themes drawn upon by informants in their positioning: ‘difficulties related to participating in supervision’ and ‘limited need for and benefits from supervision’. The findings indicated that group clinical supervision extended a space for group discussion that generated or accentuated anxiety because of already‐existing conflicts and a fundamental lack of trust between group members. Many informants perceived group clinical supervision as an unacceptable intrusion, which could indicate a need for developing more acceptable types of post‐registration clinical education and reflective practice for this group.
CONSIDERATION OF STOCHASTIC DEMOGRAPHY IN THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL RESERVES
Authors: Goodman Daniel 
Published: June 2017

A generalized birth–and–death process serves as a simple, flexible model for computing the expected persistence time of a small population in a random world. We may reparametrize the model in ways that allow explicit incorporation of density dependence, random differences in events experienced by different individuals, and random environmental variation experienced by all individuals in concert. This model seems to capture the important features of real population dynamics for purposes of computing the mean persistence time, even though the underlying mechanisms presumed in the mathematics of the model are decidedly unrealistic.The lack of isomorphism between birth and death rates, as they feature in the model, and vital rates of real biological populations can lead to extremely misleading results, if the classic formulation, rather than the reparametrization is applied without due circumspection.Using the reparametrized model, we find that environmental variation poses a greater problem for population persistence than does individual variation. In particular, with purely individual variation, the expected persistence time increases approximately with the power of the ceiling on population size; but with purely environmental variation, the expected persistence time increases somewhat less than linearly with the size of the population ceiling.The birth–and–death process model can also be applied to calculating the persistence time of a population on an ensemble of reserves which are linked by natural migration or by deliberate reintroduction programs. Results of this model, for an idealized ensemble, show that multiple independent reserves with a sufficient recolonization rate (natural or otherwise) will confer a longer persistence time than a single reserve with the same total carrying capacity, but in the absence of recolonization, the system of smaller separate reserves confers a shorter persistence time than the single large reserve.
Effect of Li2O on the defect polarization in CuO‐added (K0.9Na0.1)NbO3 piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Kim Dae‐Hyeon , Park Jongseong , Lee Tae‐Gon , Cho Sung‐Hoon , Park Su‐Jin , Lee Ku‐Tak , Kim Jong‐Hyun , Nahm Sahn 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCuO‐added (LixK0.9−xNa0.1)NbO3 [C(LxK0.9−xN0.1)N] ceramics with 0.0≤x≤0.05 were well‐sintered at 960°C for 6 hours. The lattice parameters of the specimens decreased with the addition of Li2O. Defect polarization (PD) formed between Cu2+ions and oxygen vacancies. Double polarization vs electric field (P‐E) hysteresis and sprout‐shaped strain vs electric field (S‐E) curves were observed in these specimens with a large strain of 0.16% at 7.0 kV/mm, possibly owing to the presence of PD. When the P‐E curve was measured at temperatures higher than 75°C, the C(K0.9N0.1)N ceramic exhibited a normal P‐E hysteresis curve, whereas the C(L0.04K0.86N0.1)N ceramic maintained the double P‐E hysteresis curve up to 125°C, indicating that Li2O increased the thermal stability of PD. The latter specimen also showed the sprout shaped S‐E curve with a strain of 0.15% at 7.0 kV/mm after 104 cycles of a high electric field of 7.0 kV/mm.