bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hijacking the Moral Imperative: How Financial Incentives Can Discourage Whistleblower Reporting
Authors: Berger Leslie , Perreault Stephen , Wainberg James 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARY
Recently, policy makers have focused significant attention on the use of financial rewards as a means of encouraging whistleblower reporting, e.g., the Dodd-Frank Act (U.S. House of Representatives 2010). While such incentives are meant to increase the likelihood that fraud will be reported in a timely manner, the psychological theory of motivational crowding calls this proposition into question. Motivational crowding warns that the application of financial rewards (an extrinsic motivator) can unintentionally hijack a person's moral motivation to “do the right thing” (an intrinsic motivator). Applying this theory, we conducted an experiment and found that, in certain contexts, incentive programs can inhibit whistleblower reporting to a greater extent than had no incentives been offered at all. We discuss the implications of our results for auditors, audit committees, regulators, and others charged with corporate governance.
Data Availability: Available from the authors upon request.
Type 2 Diabetes and Comorbid Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Longitudinal Associations With Mortality Risk
Authors: Naicker Kiyuri , Johnson Jeffrey A. , Skogen Jens C. , Manuel Douglas , Øverland Simon , Sivertsen Børge , Colman Ian 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE
Depression is strongly linked to increased mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Despite high rates of co-occurring anxiety and depression, the risk of death associated with comorbid anxiety in individuals with type 2 diabetes is poorly understood. This study documented the excess mortality risk associated with symptoms of depression and/or anxiety comorbid with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using data for 64,177 Norwegian adults from the second wave of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2), with linkage to the Norwegian Causes of Death Registry, we assessed all-cause mortality from survey participation in 1995 through to 2013. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine mortality risk over 18 years associated with type 2 diabetes status and the presence of comorbid affective symptoms at baseline.

RESULTS
Three clear patterns emerged from our findings. First, mortality risk in individuals with diabetes increased in the presence of depression or anxiety, or both. Second, mortality risk was lowest for symptoms of anxiety, higher for comorbid depression-anxiety, and highest for depression. Lastly, excess mortality risk associated with depression and anxiety was observed in men with diabetes but not in women. The highest risk of death was observed in men with diabetes and symptoms of depression only (hazard ratio 3.47, 95% CI 1.96, 6.14).

CONCLUSIONS
This study provides evidence that symptoms of anxiety affect mortality risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes independently of symptoms of depression, in addition to attenuating the relationship between depressive symptoms and mortality in these individuals.
Systems Biology–Derived Biomarkers to Predict Progression of Renal Function Decline in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mayer Gert , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Aschauer Constantin , Heinzel Andreas , Heinze Georg , Kainz Alexander , Sunzenauer Judith , Perco Paul , de Zeeuw Dick , Rossing Peter , Pena Michelle , Oberbauer Rainer 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetes has a complex molecular and likely multifaceted pathophysiology. We aimed to validate a panel of biomarkers identified using a systems biology approach to predict the individual decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a large group of patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD at various stages.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used publicly available “omics” data to develop a molecular process model of CKD in diabetes and identified a representative parsimonious set of nine molecular biomarkers: chitinase 3-like protein 1, growth hormone 1, hepatocyte growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP7, MMP8, MMP13, tyrosine kinase, and tumor necrosis factor receptor-1. These biomarkers were measured in baseline serum samples from 1,765 patients recruited into two large clinical trials. eGFR decline was predicted based on molecular markers, clinical risk factors (including baseline eGFR and albuminuria), and both combined, and these predictions were evaluated using mixed linear regression models for longitudinal data.

RESULTS
The variability of annual eGFR loss explained by the biomarkers, indicated by the adjusted R2 value, was 15% and 34% for patients with eGFR ≥60 and &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively; variability explained by clinical predictors was 20% and 31%, respectively. A combination of molecular and clinical predictors increased the adjusted R2 to 35% and 64%, respectively. Calibration analysis of marker models showed significant (all P &lt; 0.0001) but largely irrelevant deviations from optimal calibration (calibration-in-the-large: −1.125 and 0.95; calibration slopes: 1.07 and 1.13 in the two groups, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
A small set of serum protein biomarkers identified using a systems biology approach, combined with clinical variables, enhances the prediction of renal function loss over a wide range of baseline eGFR values in patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.
Numerical predictions and experimental investigation of the temperature distribution of friction stir welded AA 5059 aluminium alloy joints
Authors: Babu Narayanasamy , Karunakaran Narayanan , Balasubramanian Viswalingam 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAA 5059 aluminium alloy is a material well suited for military applications because of its high strength to weight ratio and high toughness. Due to the high magnesium content, this material is frequently used in ship hull structure building because of its good corrosion resistance and good strength characteristics. Friction stir welding is a solid state welding process and it is a suitable method for joining non-ferrous materials such as aluminium alloys. The objective of this work is to predict the temperature distribution in butt welding of AA 5059 aluminium alloy of 4 mm thick plates during friction stir welding. Numerical simulations were developed as a three dimensional, non-linear finite element model using COMSOL multi-physics to predict the complete thermal history of the welded specimens. Experimental work has also been carried out to explore the thermal history of a workpiece. The temperatures predicted numerically are compared to the experimental values in order to evaluate the joint performance and the weld zone characteristics. These results indicate that the values are in good agreement with each other.
Imagined Forestry: The History of the Scientific Management of Ghana's High Forest Zone
Authors: Hansen Christian Pilegaard , Lund Jens Friis 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This paper examines efforts at forest conservation and management since colonial times in the 'High Forest Zone'; the southern part of present day Ghana. It provides a detailed historiology of attempts to apply scientific forestry principles and depicts how these ideals have crumbled in the face of material, financial and politico-economic constraints that have largely determined how control and management have unfolded in practice. Thus, the paper illustrates how principles of scientific forestry have come to follow, rather than precede and guide, practices of forest exploitation, and how investments in forest management and silvicultural practices aimed at nurturing the long-term productive value of the forests have been few and far between and rendered ineffective by weaknesses in their theoretical basis and a lack of forest ecological data. Our account of the history of scientific forestry in Ghana is relevant to scholars of empire forestry through its attention to what notions of scientific forestry meant in practice, but also to today's policy makers and practitioners in areas such as timber legality verification, forest certification and decentralised forest management where the challenges discussed in this paper live on.
Engineering Edens on This 'Rivered Earth'? A Review Article on Water Management and Hydro-Resilience in the British Empire, 1860-1940s
Authors: Beattie James , Morgan Ruth 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This article presents an overview of the management of fresh water in the British Empire from the 1860s to the 1940s. We argue that imperial water management shaped and responded to the imperatives of diverse ecologies and topographies, contrasting political and economic agendas and, not least, different colonial societies, technologies and lay expertise. Building on existing studies, we consider the broader ecological and social effects of water management on irrigated agriculture and cities as well as water supply and drainage, with a particular focus on India and Australasia. Although imperial ideologies of improvement impelled settlement, drove resource extraction and transformed environments, we argue that at times they also diminished the availability, quality and distribution of water. Engineering projects also benefited some groups but not others. We show that normative Anglo assumptions of productive lands and watered environments were often ill-matched with colonial ecologies and water availability, in some cases prompting anxieties about the quality and quantity of water. While these anxieties encouraged further hydrological interventions, we show that they often had unexpected and undesired consequences. We introduce the concept of 'hydro-resilience' to demonstrate how interventions in water management diminished the quality and quantity of water in ways that impacted unevenly on peoples and ecologies across the British Empire.
The Sink as a Source: Safeguarding the Raw Water Source of Gothenburg, Sweden, 1860-1980
Authors: Rönnbäck Klas 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The paper studies the case of water pollution in Sweden, and how the city of Gothenburg had to struggle with this issue in order to secure a source of fresh water to satisfy its demand for drinking water. It is argued in the paper that the city employed a wide variety of strategies, ranging from water treatment to acquiring property rights over the watershed that provides its water. Most importantly, the city was interested in reducing the levels of pollution in the river, and consequently became a key stakeholder in the enforcement and implementation of effective environmental legislation.
A Sudden Fancy for Tree-Planting? Forest Conservation and the Demise of New Zealand's Provinces
Authors: Brett André 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
New Zealand provides a valuable case study of the relationship between colonial statecraft and forest conservation. This article explores the connections between Premier Julius Vogel's Forests Act of 1874 and the abolition of New Zealand's provinces in 1876, locating conservation within the broader context of popular discontent with provincialism. It argues that previous perspectives have either downplayed or exaggerated the significance of conservation to provincial abolition, and that the relationship between the two was complex and uneven. Abolition profoundly affected conservation, but the stimulus for abolition had been gathering elsewhere even as conservation shaped its timing.
2D printing technologies using graphene-based materials
Authors: Antonova I V 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This paper reviews major research into the use of graphene and other monolayer materials in 2D printing technologies for fabricating modern electronics and photonics devices. The paper discusses methods for preparing suspensions, properties of printed layers, examples and parameters of specific printed devices, and major trends in the field. Special emphasis is placed on the conceptual change in graphene suspension preparation from using organic liquids to utilizing water-based solutions for delaminating graphite and fabricating liquid ink. The paper also considers the trend towards the use of increasing graphene-rich ink, an approach whereby highly conductive printed layers can be obtained. The expansion of the range of materials employed is also discussed.
Third-generation Cu-In-Ga-(S, Se)-based solar inverters
Authors: Novikov G F , Gapanovich M V 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This paper reviews literature data on thin-film solar cells with absorber layers based on quaternary copper compounds Cu-In-Ga-(S, Se) (CIGS). The paper considers methods of preparation of CIGS layers and discusses the chemical composition, design features, and operating principles of CIGS-based solar cells. The bulk of the recent literature reveals how research in the field is starting to change: important results are being obtained by numerically simulating processes in thin-film solar cells; element concentration gradients in the CIGS structure, spatially nonuniform bandgap energy distribution, and layer grain boundaries are receiving increasing research attention for their respective roles, and the number of kinetic studies is increasing.
HIGH-PRECISION ASTROMETRIC MILLIMETER VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY USING A NEW METHOD FOR MULTI-FREQUENCY CALIBRATION
Authors: Dodson Richard , Rioja María J. , Molina Sol N. , Gómez José L. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
In this paper we describe a new approach for millimeter Very Long Baseline Interferometry (mm-VLBI) calibration that provides bona-fide astrometric alignment of the millimeter-wavelength images from a single source, for the measurement of frequency-dependent effects, such as “core-shifts” near the black hole of active galactic nucleus jets. We achieve our astrometric alignment by solving first for the ionospheric (dispersive) contributions using wide-band centimeter-wavelength observations. Second, we solve for the tropospheric (non-dispersive) contributions by using fast frequency-switching at the target millimeter-wavelengths. These solutions can be scaled and transferred from low frequency to the high frequency. To complete the calibration chain an additional step is required to remove a residual constant phase offset on each antenna. The result is an astrometric calibration and the measurement of the core-shift between 22 and 43 GHz for the jet in BL Lacertae to be −8 ± 5, 20 ± 6 μas, in R.A. and decl., respectively. By comparison to conventional phase referencing at centimeter-wavelengths we are able to show that this core shift at millimeter-wavelengths is significantly less than what would be predicted by extrapolating the low-frequency result, which closely followed the predictions of the Blandford & Königl conical jet model. As such it would be the first demonstration for the association of the VLBI core with a recollimation shock, normally hidden at low frequencies due to the optical depth, which could be responsible for the γ-ray production in blazar jets.
A NEARLY NAKED SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE
Authors: Condon J. J. , Darling Jeremy , Kovalev Y. Y. , Petrov L. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
During a systematic search for supermassive black holes (SMBHs) not in galactic nuclei, we identified the compact, symmetric radio source B3 1715+425 with an emission-line galaxy offset

≈
8.5

kpc

from the nucleus of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in the redshift z = 0.1754 cluster ZwCl 8193. B3 1715+425 is too bright (brightness temperature

T

b

∼
3
×

10

10

K

at observing frequency

ν
=
7.6

GHz

) and too luminous (1.4 GHz luminosity

L

1.4

GHz

∼

10

25

W

Hz

−
1

) to be powered by anything but an SMBH, but its host galaxy is much smaller (

∼
0.9

kpc
×
0.6

kpc

full width between half-maximum points) and optically fainter (R-band absolute magnitude

M

r

≈
−
18.2

) than any other radio galaxy. Its high radial velocity

v

r

≈
1860

km

s

−
1

relative to the BCG, continuous ionized wake extending back to the BCG nucleus, and surrounding debris indicate that the radio galaxy was tidally shredded passing through the BCG core, leaving a nearly naked SMBH fleeing from the BCG with space velocity

v
≳
2000

km

s

−
1

. The radio galaxy has mass

M
≲
6
×

10

9

M

⊙

and infrared luminosity

L

IR

∼
3
×

10

11

L

⊙

close to its dust Eddington limit, so it is vulnerable to further mass loss from radiative feedback.
DETERMINING THE LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCE OF GAS-PHASE METALLICITY IN DWARF GALAXIES
Authors: Douglass Kelly A. , Vogeley Michael S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
We study how the cosmic environment affects galaxy evolution in the universe by comparing the metallicities of dwarf galaxies in voids with dwarf galaxies in more dense regions. Ratios of the fluxes of emission lines, particularly those of the forbidden [O iii] and [S ii] transitions, provide estimates of a region’s electron temperature and number density. From these two quantities and the emission line fluxes [O ii] λ3727, [O iii] λ4363, and [O iii] λλ4959, 5007, we estimate the abundance of oxygen with the direct Te
method. We estimate the metallicity of 42 blue, star-forming void dwarf galaxies and 89 blue, star-forming dwarf galaxies in more dense regions using spectroscopic observations from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7, as reprocessed in the MPA-JHU value-added catalog. We find very little difference between the two sets of galaxies, indicating little influence from the large-scale environment on their chemical evolution. Of particular interest are a number of extremely metal-poor dwarf galaxies that are less prevalent in voids than in the denser regions.
Discovery of a Very Bright and Intrinsically Very Luminous, Strongly Lensed Lyα Emitting Galaxy at z = 2.82 in the BOSS Emission-Line Lens Survey*
Authors: Marques-Chaves Rui , Pérez-Fournon Ismael , Shu Yiping , Martínez-Navajas Paloma I. , Bolton Adam S. , Kochanek Christopher S. , Oguri Masamune , Zheng Zheng , Mao Shude , Montero-Dorta Antonio D. , Cornachione Matthew A. , Brownstein Joel R. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We report the discovery of a very bright (r = 20.16), highly magnified, and yet intrinsically very luminous Lyα emitter (LAE) at

. This system comprises four images in the observer plane with a maximum separation of

and it is lensed by a

massive early-type galaxy. It was initially identified in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Emission-Line Lens Survey for GALaxy-Lyα EmitteR sYstems survey, and follow-up imaging and spectroscopic observations using the Gran Telescopio Canarias and William Herschel Telescope confirmed the lensing nature of this system. A lens model using a singular isothermal ellipsoid in an external shear field reproduces the main features of the system quite well, yielding an Einstein radius of 2.″95 ± 0.″10, and a total magnification factor for the LAE of 8.8 ± 0.4. This LAE is one of the brightest and most luminous galaxy–galaxy strong lenses known. We present initial imaging and spectroscopy showing the basic physical and morphological properties of this lensed system.
Causes et conséquences des taux d’intérêt négatifs
Authors: Blot Christophe , Hubert Paul 
Published: January 2017

Cette étude résume les objectifs et les conséquences sur l’économie des taux négatifs fixés par les banques centrales sur les facilités de dépôts et les réserves excédentaires. Depuis 2014, la BCE applique un taux négatif sur les réserves excédentaires (et facilités de dépôts) des banques commerciales. Cette politique vise à amplifier le caractère expansionniste de la politique monétaire. Elle est complémentaire du Quantitative Easing (QE), programme par lequel la BCE achète des titres sur les marchés. En effet, le QE fournit des liquidités aux banques et les incite à réallouer ces liquidités. Le taux négatif sur les réserves renforce l’incitation des banques à opérer des arbitrages sur leur portefeuille d’actifs et amplifie la baisse des taux de court terme. Alors que le coût brut de cette rémunération négative pour les banques est d’environ 3,5 milliards d’euros par an, il convient de rappeler que les réserves excédentaires représentent seulement 2,5 % des actifs des banques (800 milliards sur 31 000 milliards d’euros), que les banques font des gains en capital sur les titres qu’elles revendent à la BCE dans le cadre du QE, et que la BCE leur offre la possibilité de se financer elles-mêmes à taux négatifs auprès de la BCE dans le cadre du programme TLTRO II.
“I show that size is only development”: The Poetics of Relation in “Song of Myself”
Authors: Athenot Éric 
Published: January 2017

Malgré les nombreuses études dont « Song of Myself » a fait l’objet, les notions de taille et de longueur ne sont que très rarement invoquées comme des traits fondamentaux. Le mélange des modes épique et lyrique est ici proposé comme le moyen d’équilibrer macro- et micro-éléments dans le but d’offrir aux lecteurs le moyen de s’approprier le poème au fil d’une rhétorique de l’inclusion. La contradiction devient de ce fait le moyen de résoudre tensions politiques et esthétiques et d’échapper au risque de clôture par le biais d’une écriture multiple, ironique et dont la cohérence paradoxale n’est pas immédiatement apparente sous un état trompeusement informe.
La fin de vie au cœur du débat
Authors: Aubry Régis 
Published: January 2017

Le quinquennat 2012-2017 aura été marqué par une volonté du président de la République de questionner le rapport de notre société à la fin de la vie. Deux « affaires », l’affaire Vincent Lambert et l’affaire Nicolas Bonnemaison, à la fois portées en justice et fortement relayées par les médias, ont également obligé à interroger le rapport de notre société sur ce sujet. Le fruit de ces affaires médiatisées, des nombreux débats et de plusieurs rapports relatifs à la fin de vie est une modification de la loi française relative à la fin de vie qui sera exposée et questionnée dans cet article.
Cancer et hasard. Une dérive médiatique passée au crible
Authors: Chevrel Stéphanie 
Published: January 2017

Le 1 er janvier 2015, à 20 h en France, paraissent les premiers articles relayant la publication des résultats d’une étude à paraître le 2 janvier dans la revue Science . Au fil des heures, elle va être dénaturée par les médias du monde entier, avec des titres tels que « Santé : deux cancers sur trois seraient dus au hasard ». Le lendemain, près de cent cinquante articles aux titres globalement similaires sont référencés sur Google, de nature à pouvoir remettre en cause le bien-fondé des politiques de prévention. Il faudra quinze jours à l’OMS pour diffuser un communiqué exprimant son désaccord sur la médiatisation de cette étude. Or, ce type d’information tronquée et spectaculaire reprise instantanément dans le monde entier est de plus en plus fréquent. Comment comprendre l’emballement médiatique interplanétaire qu’a suscité cette étude ? Quels intérêts et enjeux pour les acteurs en présence ? Quels enseignements en retirer ? La présentation de cette étude dans Science , puis la mécanique de communication – impressionnante et très efficace – développée conjointement par Science et l’université Johns Hopkins, dans laquelle travaillent les deux éminents auteurs de l’étude, le nobélisable Bert Vogelstein et le biostatisticien Christian Tomasetti, méritaient d’être analysées.