bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2017/52 Greek austerity bills do not apply to Greek citizens employed in Germany (GE)
Authors: Traber Othmar K. 
Published: January 2018

2017/52 Greek austerity bills do not apply to Greek citizens employed in Germany (GE)
The highest administrative court in the Netherlands has delivered a razor-sharp ruling on the intra-community service provision set out in Articles 56 and 57 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union). This concerns ‘new’ EU-nationals who are still under transitional measures with regard to access to the labour markets of ‘old’ EU Member States. The judgment was preceded by a request from the Chairman to a State Councillor Advocate General to deliver his opinion on various aspects of punitive administrative law practice in the Netherlands. Both the opinion and the judgment are a welcome clarification and addition (or even correction) on the practice.
Formal modeling of the key determinants of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) induced adaptive immune response network: An integrative approach to map the cellular and cytokine-mediated host immune regulations
Authors: Obaid Ayesha , Naz Anam , Tariq Ashraf Shifa , Awan Faryal Mehwish , Ikram Aqsa , Tariq Saeed Muhammad , Raza Abida , Ahmad Jamil , Ali Amjad 
Published: January 2018

Background. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a major causative agent of liver infection leading to critical liver damage. In response to HCV, the improper regulation of host immune system leads to chronic infection. The host immune system employs multiple cell types, diverse variety of cytokine mediators and interacting signaling networks to neutralize the HCV infection. To understand the complexity of the interactions within the immune signaling networks, systems biology provides an efficient alternative approach. Integrating such approaches with immunology and virology helps to study highly complex immune regulatory networks within the host and presents a concise view of the whole system.
Methods. Initially, a logic-based diagram is generated based on multiple reported interactions between immune cells and cytokines during host immune response to HCV. Furthermore, an abstracted sub-network is modeled qualitatively which consists of both the key cellular and cytokine components of the HCV induced immune system. Rene’ Thomas formalism is applied in the study to generate a qualitative model which requires only the qualitative thresholds and associated logical parameters generated via SMBioNet software in accordance with biological observations. Furthermore, the continuous dynamics of the model have been studied via Petri nets based analysis.
Results. In the presence of NS5A protein of HCV, the behaviors of the Natural Killer (NK) and T regulatory (Tregs) cells along with cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12 are predicted. The model also attempts to consider the viral strategies to circumvent immune response mediated by viral proteins. The state graph analysis enabled the prediction of paths leading to disease state. The most probable cycle is predicted based on maximum betweenness centrality. Furthermore, to study the continuous dynamics of the modeled network, a Petri net (PN) model was generated. The predictive ability of the model implicates the critical role of IL-12 over-expression in pathogenesis. This observation speculates that IL-12 has a dual role under varying circumstances and leads to varying disease outcomes.
Conclusion. This model attempts to reduce the noisy biological data and captures a holistic view of the regulations amongst the key determinants of HCV induced adaptive immune responses. The observations warrant for further studies to elucidate the role of IL-12 under varying external and internal stimuli. Also, introducing diversion by therapeutic perturbation may divert the system from diseased paths to recovery by stabilizing the activation of IFN-γ producing NK cells. The modeling approach employed in this study can be extended to include real-time experimental data to propose new therapeutic interventions.
The Embodied Mind
Authors: Varela Francisco J. , Thompson Evan , Rosch Eleanor 
Published: January 2018

A new edition of a classic work that originated the “embodied cognition” movement and was one of the first to link science and Buddhist practices.
This classic book, first published in 1991, was one of the first to propose the “embodied cognition” approach in cognitive science. It pioneered the connections between phenomenology and science and between Buddhist practices and science—claims that have since become highly influential. Through this cross-fertilization of disparate fields of study, The Embodied Mind introduced a new form of cognitive science called “enaction,” in which both the environment and first person experience are aspects of embodiment. However, enactive embodiment is not the grasping of an independent, outside world by a brain, a mind, or a self; rather it is the bringing forth of an interdependent world in and through embodied action. Although enacted cognition lacks an absolute foundation, the book shows how that does not lead to either experiential or philosophical nihilism. Above all, the book's arguments were powered by the conviction that the sciences of mind must encompass lived human experience and the possibilities for transformation inherent in human experience.
This revised edition includes substantive introductions by Evan Thompson and Eleanor Rosch that clarify central arguments of the work and discuss and evaluate subsequent research that has expanded on the themes of the book, including the renewed theoretical and practical interest in Buddhism and mindfulness. A preface by Jon Kabat-Zinn, the originator of the mindfulness-based stress reduction program, contextualizes the book and describes its influence on his life and work.
MAD2L2 inhibits colorectal cancer growth by promoting NCOA3 ubiquitination and degradation
Authors: Li Yixin , Li Liren , Chen Miao , Yu Xinfa , Gu Zhuoyu , Qiu Huijuan , Qin Ge , Long Qian , Fu Xiaoyan , Liu Tianze , Li Wenbin , Huang Wenlin , Shi Dingbo , Kang Tiebang , Luo Meihua , Wu Xiaojun , Deng Wuguo 
Published: January 2018

Nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3) is a transcriptional coactivator that has elevated expression in multiple tumor types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the tumorigenic functions of NCOA3 in CRC remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to discover and identify the novel regulatory proteins of NCOA3 and explore their mechanisms of action. Immunoprecipitation (IP) coupled with mass spectrometry (IP‐MS) analysis was used to detect, identify, and verify the proteins that interacted with NCOA3 in CRC cells. The biological functions of the candidate proteins and the underlying molecular mechanism were investigated in CRC cells and mouse model in vitro and in vivo. The clinical significance of NCOA3 and its interaction partner protein in CRC patients was also studied. We identified mitotic arrest deficient 2‐like protein 2 (MAD2L2, also known as MAD2B or REV7), with two signal peptide sequences of LIPLK and EVYPVGIFQK, to be an interaction partner of NCOA3. Overexpression of MAD2L2 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and clonogenicity of CRC cells by inducing the degradation of NCOA3. The mechanism study showed that increased MAD2L2 expression in CRC cells activated p38, which was required for the phosphorylation of NCOA3 that led to its ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Moreover, we found that MAD2L2 predicted favorable prognosis in CRC patients. We have discovered a novel role of MAD2L2 in the regulation of NCOA3 degradation and proposed that MAD2L2 serves as a tumor suppressor in CRC.
Intense Current Structures Observed at Electron Kinetic Scales in the Near‐Earth Magnetotail During Dipolarization and Substorm Current Wedge Formation
Authors: Grigorenko E. E. , Dubyagin S. , Malykhin A. Yu. , Khotyaintsev Yu V. , Kronberg E. A. , Lavraud B. , Ganushkina N. Yu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe use data from the 2013–2014 Cluster Inner Magnetosphere Campaign, with its uniquely small spacecraft separations (less than or equal to electron inertia length, λe), to study multiscale magnetic structures in 14 substorm‐related prolonged dipolarizations in the near‐Earth magnetotail. Three time scales of dipolarization are identified: (i) a prolonged growth of the BZ component with duration ≤20 min; (ii) BZ pulses with durations ≤1 min during the BZ growth; and (iii) strong magnetic field gradients with durations ≤2 s during the dipolarization growth. The values of these gradients observed at electron scales are several dozen times larger than the corresponding values of magnetic gradients simultaneously detected at ion scales. These nonlinear features in magnetic field gradients denote the formation of intense and localized (approximately a few λe) current structures during the dipolarization and substorm current wedge formation. These observations highlight the importance of electron scale processes in the formation of a 3‐D substorm current system.
Flow Shears at the Poleward Boundary of Omega Bands Observed During Conjunctions of Swarm and THEMIS ASI
Authors: Liu Jiang , Lyons L. R. , Archer W. E. , Gallardo‐Lacourt B. , Nishimura Y. , Zou Ying , Gabrielse C. , Weygand J. M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOmega bands are curved aurora forms that evolve from a quiet arc located along the poleward edge of a diffuse auroral band within the midnight to morningside auroral oval. They usually propagate eastward. Because omega bands are a significant contributor to an active magnetotail, knowledge about their generation is important for understanding tail dynamics. Previous studies have shown that auroral streamers, footprints of fast flows in the tail, can propagate into omega bands. Such events, however, are limited, and it is still unclear whether and how the flows trigger the bands. The ionospheric flows associated with omega bands may provide valuable information on the driving mechanisms of the bands. We examine these flows taking advantage of the conjunctions between the Swarm spacecraft and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms all‐sky imagers, which allow us to demonstrate the relative location of the flows to the omega bands' bright arcs for the first time. We find that a strong eastward ionospheric flow is consistently present immediately poleward of the omega band's bright arc, resulting in a sharp flow shear near the poleward boundary of the band. This ionospheric flow shear should correspond to a flow shear near the inner edge of the plasma sheet. This plasma sheet shear may drive a Kelvin‐Helmholz instability which then distorts the quiet arc to form omega bands. It seems plausible that the strong eastward flows are driven by streamer‐related fast flows or enhanced convection in the magnetotail.
Performance of Solar Proxy Options of IRI‐Plas Model for Equinox Seasons
Authors: Sezen Umut , Gulyaeva Tamara L. , Arikan Feza 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInternational Reference Ionosphere (IRI) is the most acclaimed climatic model of the ionosphere. Since 2009, the range of the IRI model has been extended to the Global Positioning System (GPS) orbital height of 20,000 km in the plasmasphere. The new model, which is called IRI extended to Plasmasphere (IRI‐Plas), can input not only the ionosonde foF2 and hmF2 but also the GPS‐total electron content (TEC). IRI‐Plas has been provided at www.ionolab.org, where online computation of ionospheric parameters is accomplished through a user‐friendly interface. The solar proxies that are available in IRI‐Plas can be listed as sunspot number (SSN1), SSN2, F10.7, global electron content (GEC), TEC, IG, Mg II, Lyman‐α, and GEC_RZ. In this study, ionosonde foF2 data are compared with IRI‐Plas foF2 values with the Consultative Committee International Radio (CCIR) and International Union of Radio Science (URSI) model choices for each solar proxy, with or without the GPS‐TEC input for the equinox months of October 2011 and March 2015. It has been observed that the best fitting model choices in Root Mean Square (RMS) and Normalized RMS (NRMS) sense are the Jet Propulsion Laboratory global ionospheric maps‐TEC input with Lyman‐α solar proxy option for both months. The input of TEC definitely lowers the difference between the model and ionosonde foF2 values. The IG and Mg II solar proxies produce similar model foF2 values, and they usually are the second and third best fits to the ionosonde foF2 for the midlatitude ionosphere. In high‐latitude regions, Jet Propulsion Laboratory global ionospheric map‐TEC inputs to IRI‐Plas with Lyman‐α, GEC_RZ, and TEC solar proxies are the best choices. In equatorial region, the best fitting solar proxies are IG, Lyman‐α, and Mg II.
Integrated Paleoseismic Chronology of the Last Glacial Lake Lisan: From Lake Margin Seismites to Deep‐Lake Mass Transport Deposits
Authors: Kagan Elisa , Stein Mordechai , Marco Shmuel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSeismically disturbed sedimentary sequences (seismites) in the last glacial (70–14 ka) Lisan Formation are exposed in the marginal terraces of the Dead Sea and recovered from sedimentary core drilled by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Programs at the depocenter of the lake at water depth of 300 m. The core reveals various types of centimeter‐ to meter‐scale disturbed lake sediments: turbidites, homogenites, slumps, and other deformations, interspersed with undisturbed lamination. The transported sediments comprise a main source of the thickness tripling of the Lisan Formation at the depocenter of the lake compared to the margins. Excluding (mass transport deposits MTDs) from chronology yields a normal, event‐free age‐depth model for core. Moreover, time intervals of units missing at the exposed sections of the lake margin are synchronous with intervals of mass transport deposits (MTDs) at the deepest lake floors. In the deep core, the recurrence interval range of MTD with thickness > 1 cm is ~ 100–300 years, while that of the thick MTD (>50 cm) is ~ 2,500 years, twice the recurrence interval of the seismites at the lake's margins. The ~1,000 year recurrence at the lake's margins lies within the ranges that have been calculated for ~M6.5–7 earthquakes. The significantly higher figure shown by depocenter core suggests activity on various faults and the response of the lake sediments in the entire Dead Sea basin. Overall, an unprecedented chronology of seismic activity was achieved for the late Pleistocene Lisan Formation providing a framework of earthquake activity in the vicinity of the Dead Sea basin during the period of the last high lake stand.
Directional Absorption of Parameterized Mountain Waves and Its Influence on the Wave Momentum Transport in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Xu Xin , Tang Ying , Wang Yuan , Xue Ming 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe directional absorption of mountain waves in the Northern Hemisphere is assessed by examination of horizontal wind rotation using the 2.5° × 2.5° European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts ERA‐Interim reanalysis between 2011 and 2016. In the deep layer of troposphere and stratosphere, the horizontal wind rotates by more than 120° all over the Northern Hemisphere primary mountainous areas, with the rotation mainly occurring in the troposphere (stratosphere) of lower (middle to high) latitudes. The rotation of tropospheric wind increases markedly in summer over the Tibetan Plateau and Iranian Plateau, due to the influence of Asian summer monsoonal circulation. The influence of directional absorption of mountain waves on the mountain wave momentum transport is also studied using a new parameterization scheme of orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) which accounts for the effect of directional wind shear. Owing to the directional absorption, the wave momentum flux is attenuated by more than 50% in the troposphere of lower latitudes, producing considerable orographic gravity wave lift which is normal to the mean wind. Compared with the OGWD produced in traditional schemes assuming a unidirectional wind profile, the OGWD in the new scheme is suppressed in the lower stratosphere but enhanced in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. This is because the directional absorption of mountain waves in the troposphere reduces the wave amplitude in the stratosphere. Consequently, mountain waves are prone to break at higher altitudes, which favors the production of stronger OGWD given the decrease of air density with height.
Ionospheric Scintillation Activity Over Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Oladipo O. A. , Adeniyi J. O. , Doherty P. H. , Radicella S. M. , Adimula I. A. , Olawepo A. O. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractScintillation of radio waves in the L‐band frequency is a regular occurrence at the equatorial and auroral regions at night most especially during high solar activity periods. Scintillation is caused by plasma density irregularities, and this could cause loss of lock of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals leading to impairment of the applications that rely on this system. A study on the occurrence of scintillation activity over Ilorin (latitude = 8.48°N, longitude = 4.67°W, and geomagnetic latitude = 1.89°S), Nigeria was done using S4 index data from NovAtel GPStation‐2 receiver (2009–2012) and NovAtel GPStation‐6 receiver (August 2013 to December 2016) which are both located at this station. The solar maximum period of the solar cycle 24 is located well within the period of this investigation; hence, this study provides opportunity to see the occurrence pattern of scintillation during different seasons as well as the pattern from low solar activity to solar maximum. The results obtained showed that scintillation occurs between 21:00 LT and 04:00 LT at the peak of the occurrence in 2014. The time window of occurrence decreases with decrease in solar activity. Similarly, scintillation activity was observed to be more regular during high solar activity and it has two peaks of occurrence in March and October. A solar activity trend was observed in scintillation occurrence; scintillation activity increases with increase in the level of solar activity.
Soy Protein/Cellulose Nanofiber Scaffolds Mimicking Skin Extracellular Matrix for Enhanced Wound Healing
Authors: Ahn Seungkuk , Chantre Christophe O. , Gannon Alanna R. , Lind Johan U. , Campbell Patrick H. , Grevesse Thomas , O'Connor Blakely B. , Parker Kevin Kit 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHistorically, soy protein and extracts have been used extensively in foods due to their high protein and mineral content. More recently, soy protein has received attention for a variety of its potential health benefits, including enhanced skin regeneration. It has been reported that soy protein possesses bioactive molecules similar to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and estrogen. In wound healing, oral and topical soy has been heralded as a safe and cost‐effective alternative to animal protein and endogenous estrogen. However, engineering soy protein‐based fibrous dressings, while recapitulating ECM microenvironment and maintaining a moist environment, remains a challenge. Here, the development of an entirely plant‐based nanofibrous dressing comprised of cellulose acetate (CA) and soy protein hydrolysate (SPH) using rotary jet spinning is described. The spun nanofibers successfully mimic physicochemical properties of the native skin ECM and exhibit a high water retaining capability. In vitro, CA/SPH nanofibers promote fibroblast proliferation, migration, infiltration, and integrin β1 expression. In vivo, CA/SPH scaffolds accelerate re‐epithelialization and epidermal thinning as well as reduce scar formation and collagen anisotropy in a similar fashion to other fibrous scaffolds, but without the use of animal proteins or synthetic polymers. These results affirm the potential of CA/SPH nanofibers as a novel wound dressing.
Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles as an Effective Bioadhesive to Bond Collagen Containing Composite Gel Layers for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Attalla Rana , Ling Celine S. N. , Selvaganapathy Ponnambalam Ravi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAdditive manufacturing via layer‐by‐layer adhesive bonding holds much promise for scalable manufacturing of tissue‐like constructs, specifically scaffolds with integrated vascular networks for tissue engineering applications. However, there remains a lack of effective adhesives capable of composite layer fusion without affecting the integrity of patterned features. Here, the use of silicon carbide is introduced as an effective adhesive to achieve strong bonding (0.39 ± 0.03 kPa) between hybrid hydrogel films composed of alginate and collagen. The techniques have allowed us to fabricate multilayered, heterogeneous constructs with embedded high‐resolution microchannels (150 µm–1 mm) that are precisely interspaced (500–600 µm). Hydrogel layers are effectively bonded with silicon carbide nanoparticles without blocking the hollow microchannels and high cell viability (90.61 ± 3.28%) is maintained within the scaffold. Nanosilica is also tested and found to cause clogging of smaller microchannels when used for interlayer bonding, but is successfully used to attach synthetic polymers (e.g., Tygon) to the hydrogels (32.5 ± 2.12 mN bond strength). This allows us to form inlet and outlet interconnections to the gel constructs. This ability to integrate hollow channel networks into bulk soft material structures for perfusion can be useful in 3D tissue engineering applications.
In Situ Monitoring of Lateral Hydrogen Diffusion in Amorphous and Polycrystalline WO3 Thin Films
Authors: Burkhardt Simon , Elm Matthias T. , Lani‐Wayda Bernhard , Klar Peter J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThin films of electrochromic materials such as tungsten trioxide (WO3) are essential components of electrochromic devices such as “Smart Windows.” The transport of charge carriers in WO3 thin films has been investigated intensively over the past decades, yielding a wide spread of diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in WO3. Most of those analyses are based on measurements by electrochemical methods. However, such analyses are only applicable and the results reliable in cases where diffusive transport is the rate‐determining process. Here, WO3 thin films of different morphology are prepared by electron‐beam evaporation of WO3 powder. The combined lateral diffusion of protons and electrons is investigated inside amorphous and polycrystalline WO3 thin films by in situ transmission spectroscopy during electrochemical hydrogen insertion into the film. The insertion of the protons is carried out locally and lateral diffusion of H takes place in the film plane. The induced change of the film absorbance at a wavelength of (637 ± 15) nm is monitored and spatially and temporally resolved. The results reveal a concentration‐dependent diffusion process of hydrogen in both, amorphous and polycrystalline WO3, which are critically discussed in the context of existing sata from literature.