bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CO2 efflux from soils with seasonal water repellency
Authors: Urbanek Emilia , Doerr Stefan H. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are strongly dependent on pore water distribution, which in turn can be modified by reduced wettability. Many soils around the world are affected by soil water repellency (SWR), which reduces infiltration and results in diverse moisture distribution. SWR is temporally variable and soils can change from wettable to water-repellent and vice versa throughout the year. Effects of SWR on soil carbon (C) dynamics, and specifically on CO2 efflux, have only been studied in a few laboratory experiments and hence remain poorly understood. Existing studies suggest soil respiration is reduced with increasing severity of SWR, but the responses of soil CO2 efflux to varying water distribution created by SWR are not yet known.Here we report on the first field-based study that tests whether SWR indeed reduces soil CO2 efflux, based on in situ measurements carried out over three consecutive years at a grassland and pine forest sites under the humid temperate climate of the UK.Soil CO2 efflux was indeed very low on occasions when soil exhibited consistently high SWR and low soil moisture following long dry spells. Low CO2 efflux was also observed when SWR was absent, in spring and late autumn when soil temperatures were low, but also in summer when SWR was reduced by frequent rainfall events. The highest CO2 efflux occurred not when soil was wettable, but when SWR, and thus soil moisture, was spatially patchy, a pattern observed for the majority of the measurement period. Patchiness of SWR is likely to have created zones with two different characteristics related to CO2 production and transport. Zones with wettable soil or low persistence of SWR with higher proportion of water-filled pores are expected to provide water with high nutrient concentration resulting in higher microbial activity and CO2 production. Soil zones with high SWR persistence, on the other hand, are dominated by air-filled pores with low microbial activity, but facilitating O2 supply and CO2 exchange between the soil and the atmosphere.The effects of soil moisture and SWR on soil CO2 efflux are strongly co-correlated, but the results of this study support the notion that SWR indirectly affects soil CO2 efflux by affecting soil moisture distribution. The appearance of SWR is influenced by moisture and temperature, but once present, SWR influences subsequent infiltration patterns and resulting soil water distribution, which in turn affects respiration. This study demonstrates that SWR can have contrasting effects on CO2 efflux. It can reduce it in dry soil zones by preventing their re-wetting, but, at the field soil scale and when spatially variable, it can also enhance overall CO2 efflux. Spatial variability in SWR and associated soil moisture distribution therefore need to be considered when evaluating the effects of SWR on soil C dynamics under current and predicted future climatic conditions.
Sequential assimilation of satellite-derived vegetation and soil moisture products using SURFEX_v8.0: LDAS-Monde assessment over the Euro-Mediterranean area
Authors: Albergel Clément , Munier Simon , Leroux Delphine Jennifer , Dewaele Hélène , Fairbairn David , Barbu Alina Lavinia , Gelati Emiliano , Dorigo Wouter , Faroux Stéphanie , Meurey Catherine , Le Moigne Patrick , Decharme Bertrand , Mahfouf Jean-Francois , Calvet Jean-Christophe 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. In this study, a global land data assimilation system (LDAS-Monde) is applied over Europe and the Mediterranean basin to increase monitoring accuracy for land surface variables. LDAS-Monde is able to ingest information from satellite-derived surface soil moisture (SSM) and leaf area index (LAI) observations to constrain the interactions between soil–biosphere–atmosphere (ISBA, Interactions between Soil, Biosphere and Atmosphere) land surface model (LSM) coupled with the CNRM (Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques) version of the Total Runoff Integrating Pathways (ISBA-CTRIP) continental hydrological system. It makes use of the CO2-responsive version of ISBA which models leaf-scale physiological processes and plant growth. Transfer of water and heat in the soil rely on a multilayer diffusion scheme. SSM and LAI observations are assimilated using a simplified extended Kalman filter (SEKF), which uses finite differences from perturbed simulations to generate flow dependence between the observations and the model control variables. The latter include LAI and seven layers of soil (from 1 to 100 cm depth). A sensitivity test of the Jacobians over 2000–2012 exhibits effects related to both depth and season. It also suggests that observations of both LAI and SSM have an impact on the different control variables. From the assimilation of SSM, the LDAS is more effective in modifying soil moisture (SM) from the top layers of soil, as model sensitivity to SSM decreases with depth and has almost no impact from 60 cm downwards. From the assimilation of LAI, a strong impact on LAI itself is found. The LAI assimilation impact is more pronounced in SM layers that contain the highest fraction of roots (from 10 to 60 cm). The assimilation is more efficient in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. Results shows that the LDAS works well constraining the model to the observations and that stronger corrections are applied to LAI than to SM. A comprehensive evaluation of the assimilation impact is conducted using (i) agricultural statistics over France, (ii) river discharge observations, (iii) satellite-derived estimates of land evapotranspiration from the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) project and (iv) spatially gridded observation-based estimates of upscaled gross primary production and evapotranspiration from the FLUXNET network. Comparisons with those four datasets highlight neutral to highly positive improvement.
De niña a laurel (o de cómo convertirse en árbol): "Daphne" de Richard Strauss y Joseph Gregor
Authors: Díaz Gito Manuel Antonio 
Published: October 2017

Segunda parte de un artículo dividido en dos que analiza la profunda reinterpretación que del mito de Dafne llevaron a cabo, a partir del relato alternativo de Partenio de Nicea más que del relato canónico de Ovidio, Richard Strauss y su libretista Joseph Gregor en su versión operística Daphne (1938). El objetivo final es someter a examen la declaración expresa de Strauss sobre el significado de su nueva ópera y, si a través de la manipulación del argumento mítico, los autores lograron alcanzar su objetivo.
Get that into your head: Tigre vowel harmonies as templatic
Authors: Faust Noam 
Published: October 2017

This article argues that vocalic expressions are templatic: they have a head position and a dependent position. It follows that the same element can appear in both positions. The proposal is discussed and illustrated through an analysis of two types of harmony in the Ethio-Semitic language Tigre: lowering harmony and rounding harmony. Building on the original account of lowering harmony in Lowenstamm &amp; Prunet (1988), and presenting for the first time collected data from the Səmhər dialect, it is argued that harmony can be construed as the fusion of the head or “Target” positions in the templates of adjacent expressions. It is further shown that syllables, too, can have a “Target” position, which is determined by their onset. Lowering harmony operates on this level as well. This article is part of the special collection: Headedness in Phonology
Ei endra medborgaroppseding?
Authors: Børhaug Kjetil 
Published: October 2017

I norsk samanheng har prioriteringa av den demokratiske medborgaropp-sedinga i skulen gradvis blitt sterkare. I 2015 kom Ludvigsenutvalet med sin sluttrapport, Fremtidens skole (NOU, 2015: 8), og året etter Melding til Stortinget 28, Fag – Fordypning – Forståelse (Kunnskapsdepartementet, 2016). Begge signaliserer at demokrati og medborgarskap skal vera eit prioritert, tverrfagleg område. Desse endringsforslaga reiser spørsmålet om kva for demokratisk oppseding vi i norsk skule er på veg mot. Demokratisk danning er ikkje ein eintydig storleik. Demokratisk deltaking vil ta ulike former i ulike institusjonelle kontekstar, og det er derfor eit viktig spørsmål kva arenaer for deltaking medborgaroppsedinga skal peika på. Viktige spørsmål er også om deltakinga skal vera kritisk orientert, eller om den skal avgrensa seg til effektiv problemløysing innanfor kjende rammer. Er deltaking forstått som individuell åtferd eller krev det sosiale og politiske rørsler? Denne artikkelen vil, med utgangspunkt i ein statsvitskapleg tradisjon, gjera greie for slike ulike forståingar av kva for deltaking som er mogeleg kor, og drøfta endringsforslaga i denne samanhengen. Artikkelen konkluderer med at endringsforslaga peikar i retning av ei avpolitisert og individualisert politisk oppseding.Nøkkelord: politisk sosialisering, demokratipolitikk, samfunnsfagdidaktikk, medborgaroppseding A changed citizenship education?AbstractDemocratic citizenship education has become an even more important policy objective for Norwegian compulsory education. A recent expert commission (NOU, 2015: 8) and a governmental white paper (Kunnskapsdepartementet, 2016) discuss how democratic citizenship education can be strengthened. Do these proposals represent a change in Norwegian democratic citizenship education? Of particular importance is what kind of democracy the proposals favour. What participatory arrangements and institutions should students be introduced to? Will a critical perspective be encouraged? Is participation something invididual or is it a collective? This article discusses the proposals in relation to these questions and concludes that Norway seems to be headed towards an individualised, de-politicised citizenship education.Keywords: political socialisation, democratic governance, social studies didactics, citizenship education
Mangfoldets utfordringer og muligheter sett gjennom religionsdidaktisk forskning. Et nordisk overblikk
Authors: Skeie Geir 
Published: October 2017

Artikkelen gir et overblikk over hvordan nyere nordisk religionsdidaktisk forskning har nærmet seg spørsmål om mangfoldets utfordringer og muligheter. Overblikket baseres på analyse av doktoravhandlinger, noen forskningsprosjekter og en del artikler. Det spørres om hvordan forskningen beskriver religions- og livssynsmangfoldet, hvilke religionsdidaktiske utfordringer den mener mangfoldet reiser og hvilke strategier lærerne kan ta i bruk i arbeid med faget i klasserommet? Analysen viser at forskningen er omfattende og økende, men omfanget varierer mellom de nordiske landene. Den aktuelle forskningen bidrar i betydelig grad til å forstå og problematisere religionsundervisningens plass og rolle i et samfunn som preges av økt religions- og livssynsmangfold, og til å forstå at forskningsfeltet er blitt til i et samspill mellom ulike akademiske disipliner, og dessuten mellom politikk, forskning og praksis. Resultatene fra forskningen bidrar først og fremst til å belyse mangfoldets omfang og kompleksitet, samt at det i varierende grad fanges opp av læreplaner og undervisning. Det er mindre av forskning som belyser lærerarbeidet, læreprosesser og resultater av undervisningen. Forskningen viser også at religions- og livssynsmangfold må ses som en viktig del av forutsetningene for undervisning og læring i alle fag, og i religions- og livssynsfagene er den i dag en selvsagt forutsetning, uavhengig av hvordan disse er organisert i de ulike landene.Nøkkelord: mangfold, flerkultur, religionsundervisning, forskning, How does recent Nordic religious education research address the challenges and possibilities of religious and world view diversity?AbstractThe article gives an overview of how recent Nordic religious education research has approached issues related to the challenges and possibilities that religious and worldview diversity pose to education. The emphasis is on PhDs, a few research projects and articles. How does the research describe diversity, which challenges are pointed out and what strategies can teachers in the classroom employ. The analysis shows that there is a growing research mainly in Norway, Sweden and Finland, compared with Denmark and Iceland. The research investigated contributes mainly to new knowledge about the distribution and complexity of diversity in classrooms and to some extent to increased knowledge about how the diversity is dealt with in classrooms and curricula. It is also shown that this diversity is a challenge to the whole school, not only religious education. Less research is directed towards issues of teaching and learning and the effects of this.Keywords: diversity, intercultural, religious education, research
Revisitando a Acessibilidade a partir do Modelo Social da Deficiência: Experiências na Educação Superior
Authors: Silva Jackeline Susann Souza da 
Published: October 2017

No começo deste século, a acessibilidade tornou-se uma determinação legislativa que visa eliminar barreiras nos diferentes espaços sociais para pessoas com deficiência e mobilidade reduzida. Na educação superior, a acessibilidade é condição fundamental para que o/a estudante com deficiência ingresse, permaneça e participe das atividades acadêmicas. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a acessibilidade na experiência de estudantes com deficiência da educação superior. Para tanto, utilizamos a metodologia de Estudos de Caso com a técnica shadowing, a observação e a entrevista semiestruturada para investigar a unidade de estudo: experiência de acessibilidade de seis estudantes com deficiência, três mulheres e três homens. Os principais achados de pesquisa indicam que a acessibilidade ainda não é aplicada como um direito, mas como assistência individual e, justamente por isso, prevalece na educação superior a adaptação do/a estudante com deficiência sem modificação da estrutura institucional. Isto é consequente da visão médico-patológica sobre estes/as estudantes, que não são percebidos/as como sujeitos de direitos.
Risk Factors of and Treatments for Pharyngocutaneous Fistula Occurring after Oropharynx and Hypopharynx Reconstruction
Authors: Do Su Bin , Chung Chul Hoon , Chang Yong Joon , Kim Byeong Jun , Rho Young Soo 
Published: October 2017

Background A pharyngocutaneous fistula is a common and difficult-to-manage complication after head and neck reconstruction. It can lead to serious complications such as flap failure, carotid artery rupture, and pharyngeal stricture, and may require additional surgery. Previous radiotherapy, a low serum albumin level, and a higher T stage have been proposed as contributing factors. We aimed to clarify the risk factors for pharyngocutaneous fistula in patients who underwent flap reconstruction and to describe our experiences in treating pharyngocutaneous fistula.
Methods Squamous cell carcinoma cases that underwent flap reconstruction after cancer resection from 1995 to 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. We investigated several significant clinical risk factors. The treatment modality was selected according to the size of the fistula and the state of the surrounding tissue, with options including conservative management, direct closure, flap surgery, and pharyngostoma formation.
Results A total of 127 cases (18 with fistulae) were analyzed. A higher T stage (P=0.048) and tube-type reconstruction (P=0.007) increased fistula incidence; other factors did not show statistical significance (P>0.05). Two cases were treated with conservative management, 1 case with direct closure, 4 cases with immediate reconstruction using a pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap, and 11 cases with direct closure (4 cases) or additional flap surgery (7 cases) after pharyngostoma formation.
Conclusions Pharyngocutaneous fistula requires global management from prevention to treatment. In cases of advanced-stage cancer and tube-type reconstruction, a more cautious approach should be employed. Once it occurs, an accurate diagnosis of the fistula and a thorough assessment of the surrounding tissue are necessary, and aggressive treatment should be implemented in order to ensure satisfactory long-term results.
Intertextual Episodes in Lectures: A Classiﬁcation from the Perspective of Incidental Learning from Reading
Authors: Shaw Philip , Irvine Aileen , Malmström Hans , Pecorari Diane 
Published: October 2017

In a parallel language environment it is important that teaching takes account of both the languages students are expected to work in. Lectures in the mother tongue need to offer access to textbooks in English and encouragement to read. This paper describes a preliminary study for an investigation of the extent to which they actually do so. A corpus of lectures in English for mainly L1 English students (from BASE and MICASE) was examined for the types of reference to reading which occur, classiﬁed by their potential usefulness for access and encouragement. Such references were called ‘intertextual episodes’. Seven preliminary categories of intertextual episode were identiﬁed. In some disciplines the text is the topic of the lecture rather than a medium for information on the topic, and this category was not pursued further. In the remaining six the text was a medium for information about the topic. Three of them involved management, of texts by the lecturer her/himself, of student writing, or of student reading. The remaining three involved reference to the content of the text either introducing it to students, reporting its content, or, really the most interesting category, relativizing it and thus potentially encouraging critical reading. Straightforward reporting that certain content was in the text at a certain point was the most common type, followed by management of student reading. Relativization was relatively infrequent. The exercise has provided us with categories which can be used for an experimental phase where the effect of different types of reference can be tested, and for observation of the references actually used in L1 lectures in a parallel-language environment.
Evolving Mantle Sources in Postcollisional Early Permian‐Triassic Magmatic Rocks in the Heart of Tianshan Orogen (Western China)
Authors: Tang Gong‐Jian , Cawood Peter A. , Wyman Derek A. , Wang Qiang , Zhao Zhen‐Hua 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMagmatism postdating the initiation of continental collision provides insight into the late stage evolution of orogenic belts including the composition of the contemporaneous underlying subcontinental mantle. The Awulale Mountains, in the heart of the Tianshan Orogen, display three types of postcollisional mafic magmatic rocks. (1) A medium to high K calc‐alkaline mafic volcanic suite (∼280 Ma), which display low La/Yb ratios (2.2–11.8) and a wide range of ɛNd(t) values from +1.9 to +7.4. This suite of rocks was derived from melting of depleted metasomatized asthenospheric mantle followed by upper crustal contamination. (2) Mafic shoshonitic basalts (∼272 Ma), characterized by high La/Yb ratios (14.4–20.5) and more enriched isotope compositions (ɛNd(t) = +0.2 – +0.8). These rocks are considered to have been generated by melting of lithospheric mantle enriched by melts from the Tarim continental crust that was subducted beneath the Tianshan during final collisional suturing. (3) Mafic dikes (∼240 Ma), with geochemical and isotope compositions similiar to the ∼280 Ma basaltic rocks. This succession of postcollision mafic rock types suggests there were two stages of magma generation involving the sampling of different mantle sources. The first stage, which occurred in the early Permian, involved a shift from depleted asthenospheric sources to enriched lithospheric mantle. It was most likely triggered by the subduction of Tarim continental crust and thickening of the Tianshan lithospheric mantle. During the second stage, in the middle Triassic, there was a reversion to more asthenospheric sources, related to postcollision lithospheric thinning.
Slab Breakoff of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean in the Lhasa Terrane Inferred From Contemporaneous Melting of the Mantle and Crust
Authors: Huang Feng , Xu Jifeng , Zeng Yunchuan , Chen Jianlin , Wang Baodi , Yu Hongxia , Chen Ling , Huang Wenlong , Tan Rongyu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOceanic slab breakoff significantly affects the thermal regime of the lithosphere during continental collision. This often triggers extension‐related mafic magmatism and crustal melting. It is generally accepted that the Neo‐Tethyan lithosphere subducted beneath the southern Lhasa Subterrane, resulting in the formation of the Gangdese magmatic arc. However, the timing of slab breakoff is still disputed, due to a lack of evidence for extension‐related mafic magmatism. In this study, we provide comprehensive age, element and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data of mafic dikes, felsic intrusions, and enclaves from the Daju area, southern Lhasa Subterrane. The timing of mafic dikes and granitoids are contemporaneous at circa 57 Ma. The mafic dikes are characterized by high Th/U, and Zr/Y ratios, their geochemistry indicates an intraplate affinity rather than arc magmas. Furthermore, the mafic dikes show strongly variable igneous zircon ɛHf(t), and lower whole‐rock ɛNd(t) than granitoids. This evidence suggests that the mafic dikes represent asthenosphere‐derived melts contaminated by various degrees of ancient lithosphere. However, the granitoids were directly derived from the juvenile lower crust. Given the abrupt decrease in the convergence rate between India and Asia, and the surface uplift and sedimentation cessation in the southern Lhasa Subterrane in the early Cenozoic, the occurrence of synchronous mafic dikes and granitoids is best explained by a slab breakoff model. The occurrence of intraplate‐type magmas likely corresponds to the magmatic expression of the initial stage of Neo‐Tethyan slab breakoff. The slab breakoff concept also explains the onset of the magmatic “flare‐up” and crustal growth after 57 Ma.
Farmer interest in joint venture structures in the Australian broadacre grains sector
Authors: Lynch Brendan , Llewellyn Rick S. , Umberger Wendy J. , Kragt Marit E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThere is a growing productivity gap between leading and average grain farms in Australia, driven by a combination of constraints that limit the adoption of innovations. Such constraints may be overcome by the adoption of organizational innovations, including collaborative structures such as joint venture (JV) arrangements. Given the predominance of the owner‐operator family farm model in the Australian grains sector, organizational innovations have largely been overlooked by the research and extension community. This paper examines business alliance formation in agriculture and farmer perceptions of, interest in, and barriers to participation in JV structures. A telephone survey of 573 Australian grain growers revealed that 3% of farmers had adopted a JV structure and that such farms were significantly more likely to have a larger crop area and be less diversified compared to nonadopters. Another 21% of farmers expressed an interest in adopting a JV structure in the future, particularly to reduce costs and improve productivity. A multinomial logit model showed that such farmers were significantly different for a number of sociodemographic variables including age and education, when compared to farmers not interested in adopting JV structures. To build on this basis of interest and motivation for innovative farm business structures, further understanding of perceived trade‐offs and preferences is needed to identify the most attractive JV designs. [EconLit Citation: Q13].