bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Rod Contouring is Essential for Improving Vertebral Rotation in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Seki Shoji , Newton Peter O. , Yahara Yasuhito , Makino Hiroto , Nakano Masato , Hirano Norikazu , Kawaguchi Yoshiharu , Kimura Tomoatsu 
Published: September 2017

Study Design.
A case series.

Objective.
We investigated the contributions of rod contouring and differential rod contouring (DRC) to the reduction of apical axial vertebral body rotation in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary of Background Data.
DRC is used for posterior spinal correction and fusion. The contribution of DRC to vertebral body derotation is unclear.

Methods.
We analyzed the results of intraoperative computed tomography (CT) in 40 consecutive AIS patients with thoracic curves (Lenke type I or II, 35; type III or IV, 5). Rod contour before initial rod rotation was analyzed by x-ray. Periapical rod contour between concave and convex rod rotation (RR) were analyzed by cone-beam CT imaging. To analyze the reduction of vertebral body rotation with DRC, intraoperative cone-beam CT scans of the three apical vertebrae of the major curve of the scoliosis (120 vertebrae) were taken post-concave RR and post-convex DRC in all patients. The angle of vertebral body rotation was measured. In addition, the contribution of rod contouring to apical vertebral body derotation was analyzed. Rib hump indices (RHi) were measured by pre- and postoperative CT.

Results.
The mean vertebral body rotation angles post-concave RR and post-convex DRC were 15.3° and 9.3°, respectively, for a mean reduction of vertebral rotation in convex DRC after concave RR of 6.0° for thoracic curves (P < 0.001). The RHi was significantly improved by DRC (P < 0.05). Improved apical vertebral rotation was significantly correlated with the difference of apical rod curvature between concave and convex. Vertebral derotation was significantly higher in curves with > 10° difference between concave and convex rod curvature than differences < 10°.

Conclusion.
DRC contributed substantially to axial derotation and reducing rib hump in thoracic scoliosis. The degree of apical rod curvature correlated with the degree of apical vertebral derotation.

Level of Evidence: 4
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Potentiation as a Therapeutic Strategy for Pulmonary Edema: A Proof-of-Concept Study in Pigs
Authors: Li Xiaopeng , Vargas Buonfiglio Luis G. , Adam Ryan J. , Stoltz David A. , Zabner Joseph , Comellas Alejandro P. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:To determine the feasibility of using a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator potentiator, ivacaftor (VX-770/Kalydeco, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA), as a therapeutic strategy for treating pulmonary edema.Design:Prospective laboratory animal investigation.Setting:Animal research laboratory.Subjects:Newborn and 3 days to 1 week old pigs.Interventions:Hydrostatic pulmonary edema was induced in pigs by acute volume overload. Ivacaftor was nebulized into the lung immediately after volume overload. Grams of water per grams of dry lung tissue were determined in the lungs harvested 1 hour after volume overload.Measurements and Main Results:Ivacaftor significantly improved alveolar liquid clearance in isolated pig lung lobes ex vivo and reduced edema in a volume overload in vivo pig model of hydrostatic pulmonary edema. To model hydrostatic pressure-induced edema in vitro, we developed a method of applied pressure to the basolateral surface of alveolar epithelia. Elevated hydrostatic pressure resulted in decreased cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activity and liquid absorption, an effect which was partially reversed by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator potentiation with ivacaftor.Conclusions:Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator potentiation by ivacaftor is a novel therapeutic approach for pulmonary edema.
Mycobacterium avium Infection after Acupoint Embedding Therapy
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Lai Linying , Liang Liming , Bai Xinyue , Chen Minliang 
Published: September 2017

Summary:
Nontuberculous mycobacterium is a ubiquitous environmental organism that is unusual to cause a true infection, but it can cause severe cutaneous infections. In this case report, we present a successful treatment for a Chinese patient with Mycobacterium avium cutaneous infection after acupoint embedding therapy. We managed to conduct pathogenic detection, drug sensitive test, and multidisciplinary consultation. Finally, a systematic treatment strategy of nontuberculous mycobacterium was performed. Twenty-two-month follow-up revealed excellent outcome without any recurrence.
Repairing Bronchoesophageal Tube Fistula Using A Contralateral Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flap
Authors: Azuma Shuchi , Sakuraba Minoru , Azumi Shogo , Fujita Takeo , Daiko Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2017

Summary:
A postoperative aerodigestive fistula is one of the rare but critical complications after esophagectomy, and management is challenging. The essential keys to successful treatment of these fistula are thorough debridement and complete closure followed by separation of the respiratory and digestive tract. We present a case of a recurrent bronchoesophageal fistula between the left main bronchus and neo esophagus, which was successfully treated through a contralateral approach. The fistula was debrided and closed primarily through a right thoracotomy, and the interposition of a pedicled latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap from the right side was carried out. The patient was able to resume oral feeding at 16th postoperative day.
Free Neurovascular Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Transplantation for Reconstruction of Hip Abductors
Authors: Barrera-Ochoa Sergi , Collado-Delfa Jose Manuel , Sallent Andrea , Lluch Alejandro , Velez Roberto 
Published: September 2017

Summary:
Resection of tumors affecting the hip abductors can cause significant decrease in muscle strength and may lead to abnormal gait and poor function. We present a case report showing full functional recovery after resection of a synovial sarcoma affecting the right gluteus medius and minimus muscles with reconstruction free neurovascular latissimus dorsi muscle transplantation. The latissimus dorsi muscle was harvested following standard technique and fixed to the ilium and the greater trochanter. Receptor vessels were end-to-end anastomosed to the subscapular vessels followed by an end-to-end epineural suture between the superior gluteal nerve and the thoracodorsal nerve. A year after surgery, there is no evidence of recurrent disease; electromyographic analysis shows complete reinnervation of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap, and the patient has achieved full functional recovery. Free functional latisimus dorsi transfer could be considered as a viable reconstruction technique after hip abductors resection in tumor surgery.
Adhesion of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Delftia acidovorans, and Achromobacter xylosoxidans to Contact Lenses
Authors: Vijay Ajay Kumar , Willcox Mark D. P. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
Contact lens cases become contaminated with microbes during use. We wished to compare the adhesion of uncommon bacterial contaminants isolated from lens cases to contact lenses with and without organic soil.

Methods:
Strains of Delftia acidovorans (001), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (002 and 006), and Achromobacter xylosoxidans (001) isolated from contact lens cases (test strains) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Paer1) isolated from eyes at the time of infiltrative response (control strain) were used. Bacteria were grown and resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or 10% organic soil (heat-killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae resuspended in complement inactivated bovine serum). Two silicone hydrogel (senofilcon A and comfilcon A) and one hydrogel lens (etafilcon A) lens materials were used. Bacteria (1.0×106 and 1.0×108 colony-forming units/mL; CFU/mL) adhered to lenses for 24 hr and the numbers of bacteria adherent to each lens type (with and without organic soil) were estimated by culture.

Results:
All the four test strains adhered in significantly greater numbers to contact lenses after incubation in inoculum prepared with organic soil compared with PBS—D. acidovorans 001 (0.7 log10 CFU; P<0.05), S. maltophilia 002 (1.7 log10 CFU; P<0.05), S. maltophilia 006 (0.9 log10 CFU; P<0.05), and A. xylosoxidans 001 (0.4 log10 CFU; P<0.05). However, the presence of organic soil did not increase adhesion of P. aeruginosa Paer1 (−0.1 log10 CFU; P>0.05). Achromobacter xylosoxidans 001 (P<0.01), D. acidovorans 001 (P<0.01), and S. maltophilia 002 (P<0.01) significantly differed in their adhesion to the three contact lens materials.

Conclusion:
Bacteria that are commonly found in contact lens cases adhered to contact lenses in relatively high numbers in the presence of organic soil. This might indicate that a similar phenomenon occurs in the presence of tears. This may facilitate their transfer from the lens to the cornea and the production of corneal infiltrates.
Evaluation of Pigment Distribution and Depth Analysis Methods for Decorative Soft Contact Lenses
Authors: Nomura Yusuke , Toida Hitomi , Fukui Chie , Kai Shigemi , Nakaoka Ryusuke , Kato Reiko , Uematsu Miyuki , Ono Koichi , Kanai Atsushi , Haishima Yuji 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
This study evaluates pigment component distribution and depth in decorative soft contact lenses (DSCLs) using a variety of analytical methods.

Methods:
We sampled 18 DSCLs using optical microscopy, optical coherence tomography analysis, Z-stack analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to evaluate the distribution and depth of pigment components.

Results:
Pigment distribution in DSCLs was easily observed with optical methods including Z-stack analysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, SEM/EDX, and TOF-SIMS were used to evaluate the level of pigment exposure on the lens surface and the results showed significant differences between the methods. Pigment components were detected in 16 samples by SEM/EDX, but not by XPS. Pigment components were only detected in eight samples using TOF-SIMS.

Conclusions:
It may be necessary to show that a nanometer-thick monomolecular film does not exist on the surface of DSCLs, to demonstrate the exposure of a pigment particle. Taking into account the principle behind each of the measurement methods and the resolution and sensitivity of each of the analytical methods compared, TOF-SIMS may be the most appropriate method to accurately judge pigment exposure on DSCLs. The Z-stack method may be useful for estimating the depth of pigment components in DSCLs.
Comparison of Airway Measurements for Tracheobronchial Stenosis Between Stereoscopic Bronchoscope and MD-CT
Authors: Nobuyama Seiichi , Sato Tetsuo , Handa Hiroshi , Nishine Hiroki , Inoue Takeo , Mineshita Masamichi , Miyazawa Teruomi 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Stereoscopic bronchoscopy is a new diagnostic tool to measure the diameter and cross-sectional area of the airway. The stereoscopic bronchoscope, which operates the same as a standard bronchoscope, utilizes 2 lenses to measure the airway using the principles of triangulation. Furthermore, the stereoscopic bronchoscope has the capability to measure the size of the airway during intervention in real-time, including variable stenosis.

Materials and Methods:
To prospectively compare preoperative stereoscopic and multidetector computed tomography (MD-CT) images to select the appropriate stent size for airway stenosis. Stereoscopic and MD-CT images were then measured to confirm the correct placement of the stent.

Results:
Airway stenting was performed on 21 consecutive patients of whom, 15 were diagnosed with malignant and 6 with benign diseases. In total, 165 measurements were taken (134 healthy; 31 affected). For the diameter, Bland-Altman plots were used to measure data from 165 matched stereoscopic and MD-CT measurement sites (bias, 0.40±2.86 mm SD; percentage error, 33%), 134 healthy sites (bias, 0.554±2.83 mm SD; percentage error, 34%), and 31 affected sites (bias, 1.20±2.67 mm SD; percentage error, 52%). For the cross-sectional area, matched stereoscopic and MD-CT measurements were analyzed for 65 sites (bias, −10.53±92.85 mm2 SD; percentage error, 89%), 49 healthy sites (bias, −9.88±39.00 mm2 SD; percentage error, 32%), and 16 affected sites (bias, −13.12±48.81 mm2 SD; percentage error, 92%).

Conclusion:
Stereoscopic bronchoscopy was able to accurately measure the size of the airway during intervention, to assist in selecting the appropriate size of the stent.
Laser Excisional Treatment for Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Exclude Invasion: What Is the Risk of Complications?
Authors: Sopracordevole Francesco , Moriconi Lorenzo , Di Giuseppe Jacopo , Alessandrini Lara , Del Piero Elvia , Giorda Giorgio , Buttignol Monica , De Piero Giovanni , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Ciavattini Andrea 
Published: September 2017

Objective
We undertook a retrospective analysis of the incidence of complications of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser excision for high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-VaIN).

Materials and Methods
Retrospective large case series on 128 CO2 laser excisions for HG-VaIN in 106 women treated at the Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oncologic Referral Center, Aviano, Italy. These procedures were performed under local anesthesia with a 20-W continuous laser beam focused to a 0.2-mm spot size. Complications were defined as “minor” when limited to vagina, and “major” when surrounding organs were injured or the vaginal vault was opened.
To identify possible factors associated with surgical complications, we performed a univariate analysis with the t test for continuous variables and χ2 or Fisher exact test for qualitative variables as appropriate.

Results
The overall rate of complication was 7.8% (10/128); nine of them were vaginal bleeding, and only one (0.8%) was a major complication with vaginal vault perforation.
A greater number of previous destructive treatments and of two or more previous laser vaginal excisional treatments was present in patients with complications compared with ones without complications (10% vs 3.9 %, p = .92, and 30% vs 15.2%, p = .44, respectively), although these differences were not statistically significant. A total of 10.5% (6/57) of occult vaginal cancer was detected in women with initial diagnosis of VaIN3 (HG-VaIN) on biopsy.

Conclusions
Carbon dioxide laser excision for HG-VaIN seems to be a safe approach with low rate of complications, probably because of the better accuracy achieved by CO2 laser resections, and permits diagnosis of occult invasive disease.
The Current Burden of Follow-up of Stage 1A1 Cervical Cancer
Authors: MacNab Wendy Susan , Holdsworth Tristan F. , Lindsay Rhona , Shanbhag Smruta , Siddiqui Nadeem , Burton Kevin 
Published: September 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the current burden and consistency of stage 1A1 cervical cancer follow-up within Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board.

Methods
A retrospective review was undertaken of women diagnosed with and treated of, between 2007 and 2011, stage 1A1 cervical cancer in Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board. Data were collected on referral cytology, definitive method of treatment, posttreatment cytology, and rate of recurrence. Outcomes included rate of recurrence, abnormal cytology, and number of interventions during follow-up.

Results
Of the 78 women diagnosed with stage 1A1 cervical cancer, 43 had a LLETZ (large loop excision of the transformation zone) as definitive treatment. Ninety percent of stage 1A1 cervical cancers were diagnosed following abnormal screening cytology. Almost 86% of all cytology post-LLETZ were negative. Only 1 woman had a recurrence. No posthysterectomy vault smears were low-grade dyskaryosis or worse.

Conclusions
There is a very low rate of abnormal cytology after LLETZ. Vault smears are of limited benefit in the management of women posthysterectomy for stage 1A1 cervical cancer.
ASCCP Colposcopy Standards: Role of Colposcopy, Benefits, Potential Harms, and Terminology for Colposcopic Practice
Authors: Khan Michelle J. , Werner Claudia L. , Darragh Teresa M. , Guido Richard S. , Mathews Cara , Moscicki Anna-Barbara , Mitchell Martha M. , Schiffman Mark , Wentzensen Nicolas , Massad L. Stewart , Mayeaux E.J. , Waxman Alan G. , Conageski Christine , Einstein Mark H. , Huh Warner K. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
The American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Colposcopy Standards address the role of and approach to colposcopy and biopsy for cervical cancer prevention in the United States. Working Group 1 was tasked with defining the role of colposcopy, describing benefits and potential harms, and developing an official terminology.

Methods
A systematic literature review was performed. A national survey of American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology members provided input on current terminology use. The 2011 International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy terminology was used as a template and modified to fit colposcopic practice in the United States. For areas without data, expert consensus guided the recommendation. Draft recommendations were posted online for public comment and presented at an open session of the 2017 International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy World Congress for further comment. All comments were considered for the final version.

Results
Colposcopy is used in the evaluation of abnormal or inconclusive cervical cancer screening tests. Colposcopy aids the identification of cervical precancers that can be treated, and it allows for conservative management of abnormalities unlikely to progress. The potential harms of colposcopy include pain, psychological distress, and adverse effects of the procedure. A comprehensive colposcopy examination should include documentation of cervix visibility, squamocolumnar junction visibility, presence of acetowhitening, presence of a lesion(s), lesion(s) visibility, size and location of lesions, vascular changes, other features of lesion(s), and colposcopic impression. Minimum criteria for reporting include squamocolumnar junction visibility, presence of acetowhitening, presence of a lesion(s), and colposcopic impression.

Conclusions
A recommended terminology for use in US colposcopic practice was developed, with comprehensive and minimal criteria for reporting.
Post–Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing as a Test of Cure: The British Columbia Experience
Authors: Ceballos Kathy M. , Lee Marette , Cook Darrel A. , Smith Laurie W. , Gondara Lovedeep , Krajden Mel , van Niekerk Dirk J. , Coldman Andrew J. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
To determine whether Hybrid Capture 2 High-Risk HPV DNA Test (HC2) can be used as a test of cure in women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN 2+) and allow discharge from colposcopy follow-up with a return to a cytology-based screening program for HC2-negative women.

Materials and Methods
Data were analyzed for all women who underwent a loop electrosurgical excision procedure between August 1, 2008, and June 30, 2011, and had a valid HC2 result after loop electrosurgical excision procedure and follow-up histopathology result, to determine risk of persistent or recurrent CIN 2+ in HC2-positive and HC2-negative women.

Results
Two thousand three hundred forty women had adequate biopsies and valid HC2 results. Of 460 HC2-positive women, 118 (25.7%) were diagnosed with CIN 2+, whereas of 1,880 HC2-negative women, 35 (1.9%) had a subsequent diagnosis of CIN 2+ (p < .0002) yielding a HC2-negative predictive value of 98.1% (95% confidence interval = 97.4–98.7). Of 460 HC2-positive women, 306 initially had negative biopsies. In the subsequent 36 months, 38 of the 306 were diagnosed with CIN 2+.

Conclusions
We conclude that women with a negative HC2 test can safely return to routine annual cytology screening by primary care providers while women who test HC2 positive are at higher risk and should continue to be followed by colposcopy, even if their initial biopsy is negative.
Areas of Confusion in Pathologist-Clinician Communication as it Relates to Understanding the Vulvar Pathology Report
Authors: Heller Debra S. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
Pathologist-clinician communication has been an ongoing topic in the literature. Pathology reports are geared to assisting clinicians with patient therapy, but sometimes there are barriers to communication. This survey aims to explore clinicians' understanding of their pathology reports in the membership of the International Society for Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD).

Methods
An email survey was sent to all members of the ISSVD.

Results
Surveys were emailed to 397 members, with 91 responding (23 %). Most (76%) of the respondents were gynecologists, with 13% dermatologists and 6% advanced-practice nurses. Thirty-nine percent of respondents did not always understand their pathology reports, 62% did not know the difference between levels and recuts, 71% were unclear as to why levels rather than recuts would be ordered, and 26% was not familiar with the term “spongiosis.” Over 94% read the gross description on a pathology report. Over 90% reported speaking with their pathologist, which they considered important. They considered having a pathologist with specialty expertise important.

Conclusions
Clinician members of the ISSVD are particularly attuned to the importance of pathology consultation in the care of women with vulvovaginal conditions. There are still areas for potential improvement in educational efforts, particularly providing information on how pathology laboratory processes may impact the report, as well as in further education in dermatopathology terminology for those unfamiliar.