bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LTF and DEFB1 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility toward chronic periodontitis development
Authors: Zupin L , Robino A , Navarra CO , Pirastu N , Di Lenarda R , Gasparini P , Crovella S , Bevilacqua L 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesChronic periodontitis is a common pathological condition that affects the supporting tissue of the teeth, leading to progressive alveolar bone destruction and teeth loss. The disease is caused by bacteria and derives from an altered host immune and inflammatory response, also involving different factors such as the oral hygiene, smoking, and genetic background. The innate immune response, the first line of host defense, could also play an important role in the susceptibility to chronic periodontitis. In this study, we evaluated the possible association between periodontal disease and seven genetic variations within DEFB1 and LTF genes, encoding for β‐defensins 1 and lactoferrin (two members of oral innate immune system), in an Italian isolated population.Subjects and MethodsDEFB1 5′UTR g. ‐52G>A (rs1799946), g. ‐44C>G (rs1800972), g. ‐20G>A (rs11362), 3′UTR c*5G>A (rs1047031), c*87A>G (rs1800971), LTF p.Ala29Thr (rs1126477), and p.Lys47Arg (rs1126478) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in 155 healthy individuals and 439 chronic periodontitis patients from North‐East Italy.ResultsSignificant associations were found between periodontitis and g. ‐20G>A (rs11362) and g. ‐44C>G (rs1800972) SNPs in DEFB1 gene as well as p.Ala29Thr (rs1126477) and p.Lys47Arg (rs1126478) SNPs in LTF gene.DiscussionOur results suggest the involvement of DEFB1 and LTF genetic variations in the susceptibility toward development of periodontitis.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and acute kidney injury in children: A comprehensive review
Authors: Raina Rupesh , Herrera Nicholas , Krishnappa Vinod , Sethi Sidharth Kumar , Deep Akash , Kao Wei‐Ming , Bunchman Timothy , Abu‐Arja Rolla 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAKI in the setting of HSCT is commonly investigated among adult patients. In the same way, malignancies requiring treatment with HSCT are not limited to the adult patient population, AKI following HSCT is frequently encountered within pediatric patient populations. However, inadequate information regarding epidemiology and pathophysiology specific to pediatric patients prevents development of appropriate and successful therapeutic strategies for those afflicted. Addressing AKI in the context of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, chemotherapy, thrombotic microangiopathy and hypertension post chemotherapy, glomerulonephritis, and graft versus host disease provides greater insight into renal impairment associated with these HSCT‐related ailments. To obtain a better understanding of AKI among pediatric patients receiving HSCT, we investigated the current literature specifically addressing these areas of concern.
Lung cancer disparities and African‐Americans
Authors: Sin Mo‐Kyung 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAfrican‐Americans, as historically disadvantaged minorities, have more advanced stages of cancer when diagnosed, lower survival rates, and lower rates of accessing timely care than do Caucasians. Lung cancer incidence and mortality, in particular, are high among African‐Americans. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recently released an evidence‐based lung cancer screening technology called low‐dose computerized tomography. High‐risk African‐Americans might benefit greatly from such screening but not many are aware of this technology. Public health nurses can play a key role in increasing awareness of the technology among African‐American communities and encouraging qualified African‐Americans to obtain screening. This study discusses issues with lung cancer and smoking among African‐Americans, a recently released evidence‐based lung cancer screening technology, and implications for public health nurses to enhance uptake of the new screening technology among high‐risk African‐Americans.
Effects of 1‐month withdrawal of ventilatory support in hypercapnic myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: O'Donoghue Fergal J. , Borel Jean‐Christian , Dauvilliers Yves , Levy Patrick , Tamisier Renaud , Pépin Jean‐Louis 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe benefits of domiciliary non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) are unclear. We sought to determine the effects of elective discontinuation of ventilatory support for 1 month in DM1 patients receiving NIV for chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure.MethodsAt baseline, 12 patients underwent polysomnography, and assessment of subjective (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and objective (Oxford Sleep Resistance Test) sleepiness, fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale), respiratory function including muscle strength, arterial blood gas (ABG), hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR), Blood Pressure, peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). They also completed the SF36. Testing was repeated (Visit 2) 1 month after elective cessation of NIV and again (Visit 3) 1 month after NIV reintroduction.ResultsNo changes were seen in SF36, sleepiness or fatigue, respiratory function, muscle strength nor HCVR. Likewise, there were no changes in Blood Pressure, PAT or PWV. Mean nocturnal SpO2
deteriorated off NIV and improved on resumption (mean ± SD = 95.02 ± 1.90%, 92.23 ± 3.61% and 95.08 ± 2.28%, P = 0.006 change Visit 1 to Visit 2, 0.009 Visit 2 to Visit 3). Daytime PaCO2
(arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide) was 43.13 ± 4.20 mm Hg, 46.28 ± 2.25 mm Hg and 43.87 ± 2.85 mm Hg, P = 0.056 and 0.017 over the same intervals.Conclusion
DM1 patients derive little benefit in symptoms or quality of life from NIV. Nocturnal and diurnal ventilatory functions deteriorate slightly off NIV for 1 month, but this does not appear to be due to changes in HCVR or respiratory function. HCVR changes may be of primary CNS origin given stability on or off NIV.
Bedform spurs: a result of a trailing helical vortex wake
Authors: Swanson Travis , Mohrig David , Kocurek Gary , Perillo Mauricio , Venditti Jeremy 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe formative conditions for bedform spurs and their roles in bedform dynamics and associated sediment transport are described herein. Bedform spurs are formed by helical vortices that trail from the lee surface of oblique segments of bedform crest lines. Trailing helical vortices quickly route sediment away from the lee surface of their parent bedform, scouring troughs and placing this bed material into the body of the spur. The geometric configuration of bedform spurs to their parent bedform crests is predicted by a cross‐stream Strouhal number. When present, spur‐bearing bedforms and their associated trailing helical wakes exert tremendous control on bedform morphology by routing enhanced sediment transport between adjacent bedforms. Field measurements collected at the North Loup River, Nebraska, and flume experiments described in previous studies demonstrate that this trailing helical vortex‐mediated sediment transport is a mechanism for bedform deformation, interactions and transitions between two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional bedforms.
Integrated sedimentology and ichnology of Late Jurassic fluvial point‐bars – facies architecture and colonization styles (Lourinhã Formation, Lusitanian Basin, western Portugal)
Authors: Gowland Stuart , Taylor Andrew M. , Martinius Allard W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntegrated sedimentological and ichnological case studies of ancient meandering river systems have, for the most part, focused on the deposits of the fluvial–tidal transition zone; much less emphasis has been placed on the purely fluvial realm above the landward limit of tidal effects. This problem needs to be addressed so that in future the defining sedimentological and ichnological criteria assigned to ancient fluvial reaches are sufficiently well‐established to enable their separation from the down‐dip fluvial–tidal transition zone. Accordingly, a case study has been carried out on a well‐exposed meander belt deposit from the Late Jurassic Lourinhã Formation of the Lusitanian Basin, western Portugal (Praia Do Valmitão, Ribamar). Analysis indicates that the meander belt here comprised mixed‐load fluvial channels traversing a vegetated floodplain subject to a seasonal winter wet/summer dry palaeoclimate. This setting facilitated the development of both calcic palaeosols and shallow lakes on the adjacent floodplain. Critically, there is no evidence of the effects of tidal modulation on bedding structures, thereby establishing purely fluvial conditions. Heterolithic point‐bar deposits generated in this setting are bioturbated extensively by a trace fossil assemblage dominated by the meniscate traceTaenidium barretti, withSkolithos linearis,Planolites beverleyensisandCylindricumisp. also recognized. A number of factors suggest that theTaenidium barrettiproducer in this case was a subaquatic organism living in an active fluvial channel setting (i.e. not colonizing subaerially exposed channel‐margin/floodplain deposits). Accordingly, there are some implications for current ichnofabric/ichnofacies models in the continental realm. Firstly,Taenidium‐dominated ichnofabrics need not necessarily be confined to colonization beneath subaerially exposed surfaces; they might also be produced within submerged substrates. Secondly, there is scope to extend the range of theScoyeniaichnofacies to include active fluvial channels and not simply those channels that were inactive or abandoned.
Contributions of Cognitions, Psychological Flexibility, and Therapeutic Alliance to Suicidal Ideation in Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Rufino Katrina A. , Ellis Thomas E. 
Published: May 2017

Although suicide treatment is an expanding area of research, there is relatively less in the literature with respect to how specific vulnerabilities to suicide are addressed by treatment. Utilizing measures of suicide cognitions, therapeutic alliance, and psychological flexibility, we compared their relative contributions to suicidal ideation during and posttreatment among a group of adult psychiatric inpatients (N = 434). Results revealed that cognitions contributed considerably more unique variance to suicidal ideation than alliance and flexibility at discharge and at 2 weeks postdischarge, and to change in suicidal ideation over the course of treatment. Psychological flexibility explained a small amount of variance at the 6‐month time point. Factor level analyses also were conducted, with the unsolvability factor within suicide cognitions accounting for the largest portion of variance at both discharge and 2 weeks postdischarge. Study limitations, implications, and future directions are discussed.
Committed to Coordination? Intergovernmental Councils as a Federal Safeguard
Authors: Schnabel Johanna 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this research note, I suggest that the design of intergovernmental councils (IGC) accounts for the extent to which they are able to prevent the federal government from encroaching on subnational jurisdictions. IGC operate in areas of interdependence where the federal government faces incentives to restore to hierarchical coordination. The effect of the intergovernmental safeguard is measured by the absence or presence of federal encroachment. Two concepts are useful to explain it: the extent to which governments are committed to coordination and the dominance of the federal government of vertical IGC. I argue that different combinations of the two variables help to understand the safeguarding effect of intergovernmental councils. In particular, I contend that in any configuration in which federal dominance is present the federal government can encroach on subnational jurisdictions. The research note shows how the concept of federal safeguards can be applied empirically.
Epidemiology and outcome of antimicrobial resistance to gram‐negative pathogens in bacteriuric kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Delmas‐Frenette Catherine , Dorais Marc , Tavares‐Brum Alexandre , Frenette Charles , Yang Bing , Medani Samar , Duclos Alain , Rouleau Danielle , Mawad Habib , Barama Azemi , Cardinal Heloise 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn kidney transplant recipients, episodes of bacteriuria are often treated regardless of the presence of symptoms because of the lack of clear treatment guidelines suggesting otherwise. This practice may lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Our aim was to determine the incidence, determinants, and impact of antimicrobial resistance in kidney transplant recipients with gram‐negative bacteriuria.MethodWe conducted a single‐center, retrospective cohort study in patients who underwent kidney transplantation between January 2008 and June 2013. To identify risk factors for the development of resistance, we used a logistic regression model with generalized estimating equations to account for within‐subject correlation.ResultsAmong the 318 patients who underwent kidney transplantation during the study period, 147 patients developed 555 gram‐negative episodes of bacteriuria. Resistance to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole and quinolones, and production of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL) occurred in 52%, 21%, and 5% of isolated microorganisms, respectively. An increased risk of resistance to quinolones and production of ESBL were associated with concomitant diabetes (odds ratio [OR]: 2.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11‐4.74), the first year post transplantation (OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.36‐6.09), and antibiotic treatment in the previous 6 months (OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 1.66‐6.81). This resistance profile was also associated with the presence of symptoms, a longer duration of antibiotic treatment, and a higher rate of hospitalization.ConclusionAntimicrobial resistance to quinolones and production of ESBL were commonly seen, and were shown to demonstrate an adverse impact on outcomes in kidney transplant recipients with gram‐negative bacteriuria. The decision on treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria should be made with caution, given the potential for the selection of resistant strains.
Characterization of the analytic performance of an electrochemical point‐of‐care meter for measuring β‐hydroxybutyrate concentration in blood and plasma from periparturient dairy cattle
Authors: Megahed Ameer A. , Hiew Mark W. H. , Townsend Jonathan R. , Constable Peter D. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe Precision Xtra electrochemical meter is widely used to measure blood β‐hydroxybutyrate concentration (BHBb) in dairy cattle. The meter uses an algorithm optimized for human blood that assumes theHCTin cattle is the same as in people, and that intra‐erythrocyte β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHBe) and plasma β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHBp) concentration are equivalent.ObjectivesThe first objective was to characterize the analytic performance of the meter for measuringBHBb andBHBp in dairy cattle. The second objective was to characterize the influence ofHCTand sample temperature onBHBp concentration measured by the meter.MethodsBlood and plasma samples were obtained from 106 periparturient Holstein cattle and 15 lactating Holstein cows with experimentally induced electrolyte and acid–base imbalances. Meter performance was evaluated using Deming regression and Bland–Altman plots. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine the effect ofHCTand sample temperature onBHBb andBHBp concentration, respectively.ResultsThe meter was linear up toBHB= 3.0 mmol/L as measured by the reference method, equivalent to meter values forBHBb > 4.5 mmol/L andBHBp > 5.2 mmol/L. An increase inHCTresulted in higherBHBb concentration. This result was partially explained byBHBe being much lower thanBHBp. Changes in sample temperature caused a linear change in measuredBHBp wheneverBHBp > 3.0 mmol/L.ConclusionsMeter accuracy was markedly dependent on theBHBe‐to‐BHBp ratio and consequently theHCT. Therefore, the algorithm used by the meter should be revised when applied to bovine blood for improved accuracy.
Diagnosis and management of pyothorax in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Sladakovic Izidora , Brainard Benjamin M. , Lane Selena L. , Secrest Scott A. , Fox Andrew J. , Tarigo Jaime L. , Yeuroukis Corry K. , Sanchez Susan , Proenca Laila M. , Mayer Joerg 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the diagnosis, management, and outcome of pyothorax in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo).Case SummaryA domestic ferret was evaluated for a history of lethargy, anorexia, and pyrexia. Pleural effusion was detected with radiography and ultrasonography, and a diagnosis of pyothorax was made following cytologic evaluation of pleural fluid. Bilateral thoracostomy tubes were placed for thoracic drainage and lavage, and the ferret was treated with intravenous crystalloid fluids, antimicrobials, and analgesics. Bacterial culture of the pleural fluid yielded Fusobacterium spp. and Actinomyces hordeovulneris. This treatment protocol resulted in resolution of pyothorax, and a positive clinical outcome.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first reported case of successful management of pyothorax caused by Fusobacterium spp. and A. hordeovulneris in a ferret.
Aerobic Fitness and Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents Living with HIV
Authors: de Lima Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak , Silva Diego Augusto Santos , da Silva Kelly Samara , Pelegrini Andreia , de Carlos Back Isabela , Petroski Edio Luiz 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:To examine aerobic fitness, total moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and also patterns in terms of MVPA between children and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and controls, and to determine whether differences, if any, are associated with HIV, sex and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Method:A cross-sectional analysis was carried out with 130 children and adolescents, aged between 8 and 15 years, divided into two groups (HIV group= 65 patients, control group= 65 healthy participants). Total MVPA was measured by accelerometers and 5 and 10-min bouts were estimated. The peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) was measured by breath-by-breath respiratory exchange in an incremental cycle ergometer test.Results:HIV-positive participants had lower peak VO2 (39.2 ± 6.8 vs. 44.5 ± 9.1 ml.kg-1min-1), lower bouts of MVPA of 5-min (19.7 ± 16.6 vs. 26.6 ± 23.5) and 10-min (3.6 ± 3.9 vs. 5.8 ± 7.2), but similar total MVPA (49.5 ± 28.9 vs. 49.1 ± 30.6 min.day-1). HIV infection in untreated, nonprotease inhibitors (PI)- based HAART and PI-based HAART patients was associated with lower 8.5 (95%CI= 12.5–4.6), 7.1 (95%CI= 10.6–3.6) and 4.5 (95%CI= 7.0–2.0) ml.kg-1min-1 of peak VO2.Conclusion:Children and adolescents with HIV demonstrated lower aerobic fitness compared with the controls and the absence of HAART may increase peak VO2 impairment. Lower bouts of MVPA were also observed in HIV group despite the similar values of total MVPA of controls.
Pharmacokinetics of Efavirenz at a High Dose of 25 Milligrams per Kilogram per Day in Children 2 to 3 Years Old
Authors: Pressiat Claire , Amorissani-Folquet Madeleine , Yonaba Caroline , Treluyer Jean-Marc , Dahourou Désiré Lucien , Eboua François , Blanche Stéphane , Mea-Assande Véronique , Bouazza Naïm , Foissac Frantz , Malateste Karen , Ouedraogo Sylvie , Lui Gabrielle , Leroy Valériane , Hirt Déborah 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe MONOD ANRS 12206 trial was designated to assess simplification of a successful lopinavir (LPV)-based antiretroviral treatment in HIV-infected children younger than 3 years of age using efavirenz (EFV; 25 mg/kg of body weight/day) to preserve the class of protease inhibitors for children in that age group. In this substudy, EFV concentrations were measured to check the consistency of an EFV dose of 25 mg/kg and to compare it with the 2016 FDA recommended dose. Fifty-two children underwent blood sampling for pharmacokinetic study at 6 months and 12 months after switching to EFV. We applied a Bayesian approach to derive EFV pharmacokinetic parameters using the nonlinear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM) program. The proportion of midinterval concentrations 12 h after drug intake (C12 h) corresponding to the EFV therapeutic pharmacokinetic thresholds (1 to 4 mg/liter) was assessed according to different dose regimens (25 mg/kg in the MONOD study versus the 2016 FDA recommended dose). With both the 25 mg/kg/day dose and the 2016 FDA recommended EFV dose, simulations showed that the majority ofC12 hvalues were within the therapeutic range (62.6% versus 62.8%). However, there were more children underexposed with the 2016 FDA recommended dose (11.6% versus 1.2%). Conversely, there were more concentrations above the threshold of toxicity with the 25 mg/kg dose (36.2% versus 25.6%), withC12 hvalues of up to 15 mg/liter. Only 1 of 52 children was switched back to LPV because of persistent sleeping disorders, but hisC12 hvalue was within therapeutic ranges. A high EFV dose of 25 mg/kg per day in children under 3 years old achieved satisfactory therapeutic effective levels. However, the 2016 FDA recommended EFV dose appeared to provide more acceptable safe therapeutic profiles. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01127204.)
Efficacy of Ceftaroline against Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Exhibiting the Cefazolin High-Inoculum Effect in a Rat Model of Endocarditis
Authors: Singh Kavindra V. , Tran Truc T. , Nannini Esteban C. , Tam Vincent H. , Arias Cesar A. , Murray Barbara E. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Certain
Staphylococcus aureus
strains exhibit an inoculum effect (InE) with cefazolin (CFZ) that has been associated with therapeutic failures in high-inoculum infections. We assessed the i
n vitro
activities of ceftaroline (CPT), CFZ, and nafcillin (NAF) against 17 type A β-lactamase (βla)-producing, methicillin-susceptible
S. aureus
(MSSA) strains, including the previously reported TX0117, which exhibits the CFZ InE, and its βla-cured derivative, TX0117c. Additionally, we determined the pharmacokinetics of CPT in rats after single intramuscular doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg of body weight and evaluated the activities of CPT (40 mg/kg every 8 h [q8h]), CFZ, and NAF against TX0117 and TX0117c in a rat model of infective endocarditis. No InE was observed for CPT or NAF, whereas a marked InE was detected for CFZ (MIC, 8 to ≥128 μg/ml). CPT and NAF treatment against TX0117 resulted in mean bacterial counts of 2.3 and 2.1 log
10
CFU/g in vegetations, respectively, compared to a mean of 5.9 log
10
CFU/g in the CFZ-treated group (CPT and NAF versus CFZ,
P
= 0.001; CPT versus NAF,
P
= 0.9830). Both CFZ and CPT were efficacious against the βla-cured derivative, TX0117c, compared to time zero (
t
0
) (
P
= <0.0001 and 0.0015, respectively). Our data reiterate the
in vivo
consequences of the CFZ InE and show that CPT is not affected by this phenomenon. CPT might be considered for high-inoculum infections caused by MSSA exhibiting the CFZ InE.