bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells on Decellularized Matrix Scaffolds
Authors: Tiwari Abhilasha , Tursky Melinda L. , Nekkanti Lakshmi P. , Jenkin Graham , Kirkland Mark A. , Pande Gopal 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUmbilical cord blood (UCB) is one of the richest sources for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), with more than 3000 transplantations performed each year for the treatment of leukemia and other bone marrow, immunological, and hereditary diseases. However, transplantation of single cord blood units is mostly restricted to children, due to the limited number of HSPC per unit. This unit develops a method to increase the number of HSPCs in laboratory conditions by using cell‐free matrices from bone marrow cells that mimic ‘human‐body‐niche‐like’ conditions as biological scaffolds to support the ex vivo expansion of HSPCs. In this unit, we describe protocols for the isolation and characterization of HSPCs from UCB and their serum‐free expansion on decellularized matrices. This method may also help to provide understanding of the biochemical organization of hematopoietic niches and lead to suggestions regarding the design of tissue engineering–based biomimetic scaffolds for HSPC expansion for clinical applications. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Identifying Adult Stem Cells Using Cre‐Mediated Lineage Tracing
Authors: Carlone Diana L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLineage‐tracing has been used for decades to establish cell fate maps during development. Recently, with the advent of genetic lineage‐tracing techniques (employing Cre‐lox recombination), it has been possible to permanently mark progenitor/stem cell populations within somatic tissues. In addition, pulse‐chase studies have shown that only stem cells are capable of producing labeled progeny after an extensive period of chase. This unit focuses on the protocols used to target putative adult stem cells in vivo. Using these techniques, one should be able to functionally confirm or deny the stem cell capacity of a given cell population. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Obtaining High Quality DNA from Diverse Clinical Samples
Authors: Melton‐Kreft Rachael , Spirk Tracy 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNucleic acids can be obtained in numerous ways from clinical specimens; however, the quality of the nucleic acid is only as good as the sampling and isolation protocol. While nucleic acids may be extracted they may not be representative of the original source. Large areas of tissue and explanted hardware must be successfully surveyed to reflect the overall clinical picture. Once good sampling technique has been established, successful bacterial nucleic acid isolation is essential. Clinical samples may be difficult to process because of the presence of scar tissue, bone, implants, and bacterial biofilms. The following protocols provide details on sampling techniques and DNA isolation from a variety of clinical samples which can then be used in downstream molecular applications including PCR‐MS‐ESI‐TOF technology. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Investigation of Viral and Host Chromatin by ChIP‐PCR or ChIP‐Seq Analysis
Authors: Günther Thomas , Theiss Juliane M. , Fischer Nicole , Grundhoff Adam 
Published: February 2016

AbstractComplex regulation of viral transcription patterns and DNA replication levels is a feature of many DNA viruses. This is especially true for those viruses which establish latent or persistent infections (e.g., herpesviruses, papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses, or adenovirus), as long‐term persistence often requires adaptation of gene expression programs and/or replication levels to the cellular milieu. A key factor in the control of such processes is the establishment of a specific chromatin state on promoters or replication origins, which in turn will determine whether or not the underlying DNA is accessible for other factors that mediate downstream processes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful technique to investigate viral chromatin, in particular to study binding patterns of modified histones, transcription factors or other DNA‐/chromatin‐binding proteins that regulate the viral lifecycle. Here, we provide protocols that are suitable for performing ChIP‐PCR and ChIP‐Seq studies on chromatin of large and small viral genomes.© 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Construction of a Transcription Map for Papillomaviruses using RACE, RNase Protection, and Primer Extension Assays
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Zheng Zhi‐Ming 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPapillomaviruses are a family of small, non‐enveloped DNA tumor viruses. Knowing a complete transcription map of each papillomavirus genome can provide guidance for various papillomavirus studies. This unit provides detailed protocols to construct a transcription map of human papillomavirus type 18. The same approach can be easily adapted to other transcription map studies of any other papillomavirus genotype due to the high degree of conservation in genome structure, organization, and gene expression among papillomaviruses. The focused methods are 5′‐ and 3′‐rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), which are techniques commonly used in molecular biology to obtain full‐length RNA transcript or to map a transcription start site (TSS) or an RNA polyadenylation (pA) cleavage site. Primer walking RT‐PCR is a method for studying the splicing junction of RACE products. In addition, RNase protection assay and primer extension are also introduced as alternative methods in the mapping analysis. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Facile and Selective Synthesis of Imidazobenzimidazoles via a Copper‐Catalysed Domino Addition/Cycloisomerisation/ Coupling Process
Authors: Xu Bingqing , Peng Bo , Cai Bili , Wang Shishi , Wang Xiaoxia , Lv Xin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA copper(I)‐catalysed domino transformation for the synthesis of tricyclic imidazobenzimidazole derivatives was developed. Using readily available primary propargylic amines and o‐haloarylcarbodiimides as the starting materials, a variety of substituted benzo[d]imidazo[1,2‐a]imidazoles was efficiently and selectively assembled. Further investigations indicated that the domino reaction was likely the result of a novel addition/cycloisomerisation/coupling process.magnified image
Polylactic acid bioconjugated with glutathione: Thermosensitive self‐healed networks
Authors: Djidi Dalila , Mignard Nathalie , Taha Mohamed 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPolylactic acid was bioconjugated with glutathione (GSH) in a solvent‐free one step process. Thermo‐reversible networks were first obtained as a consequence of the supramolecular interactions induced by GSH moieties. Then dynamic covalent reactions were added to the networks' synthesis process using dialcohol‐functionalized Diels−Alder (DA) adducts. The main properties of these networks were analyzed in relation with their structures and the proportions of supramolecular and DA reactions. The thermo‐mechanical properties of the obtained transparent materials and their healing efficiency were evaluated by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy and tensile analyses. Crosslinking/de‐crosslinking temperatures varied from 36 to 112°C. The obtained networks showed self‐healing ability without external stimuli. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43436.
Distributed algorithm for empty vehicles management in personal rapid transit (PRT) network
Authors: Daszczuk Wiktor B. , Mieścicki Jerzy , Grabski Waldemar 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn this paper, an original heuristic algorithm of empty vehicles management in personal rapid transit network is presented. The algorithm is used for the delivery of empty vehicles for waiting passengers, for balancing the distribution of empty vehicles within the network, and for providing an empty space for vehicles approaching a station. Each of these tasks involves a decision on the trip that has to be done by a selected empty vehicle from its actual location to some determined destination. The decisions are based on a multi‐parameter function involving a set of factors and thresholds.An important feature of the algorithm is that it does not use any central database of passenger input (demand) and locations of free vehicles. Instead, it is based on the local exchange of data between stations: on their states and on the vehicles they expect. Therefore, it seems well‐tailored for a distributed implementation.The algorithm is uniform, meaning that the same basic procedure is used for multiple tasks using a task‐specific set of parameters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient outcomes and provider perceptions following implementation of a standardized perioperative care pathway for open liver resection
Authors: Page A J , Gani F , Crowley K T , Lee K H K , Grant M C , Zavadsky T L , Hobson D , Wu C , Wick E C , Pawlik T M 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways have been associated with improved perioperative outcomes following several surgical procedures. Less is known, however, regarding their use following hepatic surgery.

Methods
An evidence-based, standardized perioperative care pathway was developed and implemented prospectively among patients undergoing open liver surgery between 1 January 2014 and 31 July 2015. Perioperative outcomes, including length of hospital stay, postoperative complications and healthcare costs, were compared between groups of patients who had surgery before and after introduction of the ERAS pathway. Provider perceptions regarding the perioperative pathway were assessed using an online questionnaire.

Results
There were no differences in patient or disease characteristics between pre-ERAS (42 patients) and post-ERAS (75) groups. Although mean pain scores were comparable between the two groups, patients treated within the ERAS pathway had a marked reduction in opioid use on the first 3 days after surgery compared with those treated before introduction of the pathway (all P &lt; 0·001). Duration of hospital stay was shorter in the post-ERAS group (median 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) days versus 6 (5–7) days in the pre-ERAS group; P = 0·037) and there was a lower incidence of postoperative complications (1 versus 10 per cent; P = 0·036). Implementation of the ERAS pathway was associated with a 40·7 per cent decrease in laboratory costs (−US $333; −€306, exchange rate 4 January 2016) and a 21·5 per cent reduction in medical supply costs (−US $394; −€362) per patient. Although 91·0 per cent of providers endorsed the ERAS pathway, 33·8 per cent identified provider aversion to a standardized protocol as the greatest hurdle to implementation.

Conclusion
The introduction of a multimodal ERAS programme following open liver surgery was associated with a reduction in opioid use, shorter hospital stay and decreased hospital costs. ERAS was endorsed by an overwhelming majority of providers.
Systematic characterization of the metabolites of echinacoside and acteoside from Cistanche tubulosa in rat plasma, bile, urine and feces based on UPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Cui Qingling , Pan Yingni , Bai Xuewei , Zhang Wei , Chen Lixia , Liu Xiaoqiu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEchinacoside (ECH) and acteoside (ACT), as the most and major active components of Cistanche tubulosa, were reported to possess cardioactive, neuroprotective and hepatocyte protective effects, as well as antibacterial, antioxidative effects. Recently, more studies have focused on their pharmacological activities. However, their metabolic profiles in vivo have not been sufficiently investigated. This study proposes an approach for rapidly identifying the complicated and unpredictable metabolites of ECH and ACT in rat plasma, bile, urine and feces, and systematically and comprehensively revealing their major metabolic pathways, based on powerful ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma, bile, urine and feces were collected from rats after a single 200 mg/kg oral dose. A total of 49 metabolites were detected in rat biological samples. Through analyzing metabolites in bile samples, it was found that ECH and ACT were subjected to a marked hepatic first‐pass effect in liver. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconsideration of Membership Dues: New International Fee Structure Adopted
Authors: Sonnenwald Diane H. 
Published: February 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYTo increase international membership, Special Interest Group/International Information Issues (SIG/III) successfully proposed in 2012 to lower membership fees for ASIS&T members working in developing nations. The ASIS&T Board later lowered fees for students and early and transitional professionals from these countries. Though these moves boosted member numbers, other disparities became evident, including fees that remain prohibitive for institutions in developing nations and even for many potential individual and institutional members in countries rated “high” or “very high” in the United Nations Human Development Index. The Board approved the International Relations Committee's proposal to base membership rates on countries’ gross national income (GNI) per capita, sorting countries into three tiers. Membership fees for countries in the middle tier would be 30% of the usual fee and 20% for the lower tier and exclude print publications, the fee strategy used by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
Raising a Hand: Notes from an ASIS&T Volunteer
Authors: Miller Karen 
Published: February 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYIn accepting the 2015 James M. Cretsos Leadership Award, Karen Miller recalled her path from first tentatively raising her hand to volunteer as a SIG program coordinator at her first ASIS&T Annual Meeting. Miller soon came to realize the critical importance of engaged and dedicated volunteers throughout many of the Association's operations. The organization benefits from the time invested in innumerable volunteer efforts, all of which further goals and education efforts, while each volunteer benefits by building experience, growing a professional network and mentoring others. With volunteers making time in their personal schedules for Association activities, regular communication is crucial to help a team solidify and get tasks accomplished. Communication extends to recruiting and training volunteers to assure smooth leadership transitions. With the Association heavily dependent on volunteer activity, change may evolve slowly, suggesting the need for additional volunteer help. Miller encourages all to deepen their engagement with the Association by volunteering time, knowledge and talent.
The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and transcatheter aortic valve implantation—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liao Yan‐Biao , He Ze‐Xia , Zhao Zhen‐Gang , Wei Xin , Zuo Zhi‐liang , Li Yi‐Jian , Xiong Tian‐Yuan , Xu Yuan‐Ning , Feng Yuan , Chen Mao 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveThe present study was performed to investigate the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Background: Controversies regarding the relationship between COPD and TAVI have intensified. Methods: A literature review of the PubMed online database was performed, and articles published between January 1, 2002 and March 20, 2015 were analyzed. Random‐effect and fixed‐effect models were used, depending on the between‐study heterogeneity. Results: A total of 28 studies, involving 51,530 patients, were identified in our review. The burden of COPD ranged from 12.5% to 43.4%, and COPD negatively impacted both short‐term and long‐term all‐cause survival (30 days: odds ratio [OR], 1.43, 95% CI, 1.14–1.79; >2 years: hazard ratio [HR], 1.34, 95% CI, 1.12–1.61). COPD was also associated with increased short‐term and mid‐term cardiac‐cause mortality (30 days: OR, 1.29, 95% CI, 1.02–1.64; 1 year: HR: 1.09, 1.02–1.17). Moreover, COPD (OR, 1.97, 95% CI, 1.29–3.0) predicted post‐TAVI acute kidney disease. Importantly, chronic kidney disease (CKD) (HR, 1.2, 95% CI, 1.1–1.32) and the distance of the 6 minute walk test (6MWT) (HR, 1.16, 1.06–1.27) predicted TAVI futility in patients with COPD. Conclusion: COPD is common among patients undergoing TAVI, and COPD impacts both short‐ and long‐term survival. COPD patients, who had a lower BMI, shorter distance of 6MWT and CKD, were at higher risk for TAVI futility. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐month‐old infants’ sensitivity to horizontal information within faces
Authors: de Heering Adélaïde , Goffaux Valérie , Dollion Nicolas , Godard Ornella , Durand Karine , Baudouin Jean‐Yves 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTHorizontal information is crucial to face processing in adults. Yet the ontogeny of this preferential type of processing remains unknown. To clarify this issue, we tested 3‐month‐old infants’ sensitivity to horizontal information within faces. Specifically, infants were exposed to the simultaneous presentation of a face and a car presented in upright or inverted orientation while their looking behavior was recorded. Face and car images were either broadband (UNF) or filtered to only reveal horizontal (H), vertical (V) or this combined information (HV). As expected, infants looked longer at upright faces than at upright cars, but critically, only when horizontal information was preserved in the stimulus (UNF, HV, H). These results first indicate that horizontal information already drives upright face processing at 3 months of age. They also recall the importance, for infants, of some facial features, arranged in a top‐heavy configuration, particularly revealed by this band of information. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 536–542, 2016.
Liposomes as potential masking agents in sport doping. Part 1: analysis of phospholipids and sphingomyelins in drugs and biological fluids by aqueous normal‐phase liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Esposito Simone , Colicchia Sonia , de la Torre Xavier , Mazzarino Monica , Botrè Francesco 
Published: February 2016

In the present work, aqueous normal‐phase liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), in different acquisition modes, was employed for the direct analysis and profiling of nine phospholipid classes (phosphatidic acids, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins) in biological and pharmaceutical matrices.After chromatographic separation by a diol column, detection and elucidation of phospholipid and sphingomyelin classes and molecular species were performed by different scan acquisition modes. For screening analysis, molecular ions [M + H]+ were detected in positive precursor ion scan of m/z 184 for the classes of phosphatidylcholines, lyso‐phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins; while phosphatidylethanolamines and lyso‐phosphatidylethanolamines were detected monitoring neutral loss scan of 141 Da; and phosphatidylserines detected using neutral loss scan of 184 Da. Molecular ions [M‐H]‐ were instead acquired in negative precursor ion scan of m/z 153 for the classes of phosphatidic acids and phosphatidylglycerols; and of m/z 241 for the phosphatidylinositols. For the identification of the single molecular species, product ion scan mass spectra of the [M + HCOO]‐ ions for phosphatidylcholines and [M + H]+ ions for the other phospholipids considered were determined for each class and compared with the fragmentation pattern of model phospholipid reference standard. By this approach, nearly 100 phospholipids and sphingomyelins were detected and identified. The optimized method was then used to characterize the phospholipid and sphingomyelin profiles in human plasma and urine samples and in two phospholipid‐based pharmaceutical formulations, proving that it also allows to discriminate compounds of endogenous origin from those resulting from the intake of pharmaceutical products containing phospholipidic liposomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A demographic model for sex ratio evolution and the effects of sex‐biased offspring costs
Authors: Shyu Esther , Caswell Hal 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe evolution of the primary sex ratio, the proportion of male births in an individual's offspring production strategy, is a frequency‐dependent process that selects against the more common sex. Because reproduction is shaped by the entire life cycle, sex ratio theory would benefit from explicitly two‐sex models that include some form of life cycle structure. We present a demographic approach to sex ratio evolution that combines adaptive dynamics with nonlinear matrix population models. We also determine the evolutionary and convergence stability of singular strategies using matrix calculus. These methods allow the incorporation of any population structure, including multiple sexes and stages, into evolutionary projections. Using this framework, we compare how four different interpretations of sex‐biased offspring costs affect sex ratio evolution. We find that demographic differences affect evolutionary outcomes and that, contrary to prior belief, sex‐biased mortality after parental investment can bias the primary sex ratio (but not the corresponding reproductive value ratio). These results differ qualitatively from the widely held conclusions of previous models that neglect demographic structure.
Noninvasive genetic sampling reveals intrasex territoriality in wolverines
Authors: Bischof Richard , Gregersen Espen R. , Brøseth Henrik , Ellegren Hans , Flagstad Øystein 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDue to its conspicuous manifestations and its capacity to shape the configuration and dynamics of wild populations, territorial behavior has long intrigued ecologists. Territoriality and other animal interactions in situ have traditionally been studied via direct observations and telemetry. Here, we explore whether noninvasive genetic sampling, which is increasingly supplementing traditional field methods in ecological research, can reveal territorial behavior in an elusive carnivore, the wolverine (Gulo gulo). Using the locations of genotyped wolverine scat samples collected annually over a period of 12 years in central Norway, we test three predictions: (1) male home ranges constructed from noninvasive genetic sampling data are larger than those of females, (2) individuals avoid areas used by other conspecifics of the same sex (intrasexual territoriality), and (3) avoidance of same‐sex territories diminishes or disappears after the territory owner's death. Each of these predictions is substantiated by our results: sex‐specific differences in home range size and intrasexual territoriality in wolverine are patently reflected in the spatial and temporal configuration of noninvasively collected genetic samples. Our study confirms that wildlife monitoring programs can utilize the spatial information in noninvasive genetic sampling data to detect and quantify home ranges and social organization.