bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active Adaptive Composite Fault Tolerant Controller Design For Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Ning Xiuli , Lu Xiaowei , Xu Yingcheng , Fu Zhenduo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
It can be seen from the public opinion monitoring that there are many cases of death and injury caused by quality problems of mechanical products, which poses a serious threat to people’s lives. Therefore, it is particularly important to analyze the reliability of mechanical products. This study focuses on active adaptive composite fault tolerant controller (ACFTC) design for nonlinear system with actuator fault. Firstly, a novel iterative learning observer (ILO) is proposed to estimate the early potential fault. And then, the ACFTC approach is proposed in order to obtain desired performance in the faulty case based on the fault estimation information from ILO. Finally, simulation of the flexible joint robot system verifies the validity and applicability of the algorithm.
Detecting atmospheric oxidation in the PM2.5 and ozone multilayer complex network
Authors: Ying Na , Tang Yi , Wang Di , Fan Jingfang , Zhao Zhidan , Xue Zhigang , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Reducing the levels of Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) is essential for further improving air quality in China. The intricate and non-linear interactions between PM2.5 and O3 on a national scale over long-term records are not well understood. Here, we proposed a novel multi-layer network approach to bridge the gap. Our findings reveal that the variability of O3 precedes that of PM2.5 by one day. The degree, weighted degree, and edge distance follow a power-law decay distribution, suggesting that their relationship is not a random process. O3 concentration in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region and eastern Shandong Province significantly impacts the PM2.5 levels in surrounding areas. Conversely, PM2.5 concentrations in Shandong Province, Henan Province, YRD and Pearl River Delta (PRD) have a strong influence on O3 levels. Moreover, we quantified the seasonality of the interactions and elucidated the underlying reasons. The results revealed the interactions between PM2.5 and O3 are intricately tied to atmospheric oxidation processes. More specifically, in summer, the atmospheric oxidation has a strong impact on the interactions in key regions, such as the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei,YRD region and Fenwei Plain. However, the PRD region experiences a more pronounced effect from atmospheric oxidation on this relationship in winter. These findings demonstrate that it is crucial to effectively regulate atmospheric oxidation to mitigate PM2.5 and O3. Our results also serve as a valuable methodological framework for understanding the characteristics of pollutants.
Disparities in nitrogen and phosphorus management across time and space: a case study of the Chesapeake Bay using the CAFE framework
Authors: Zou Tan , Davidson Eric A , Sabo Robert D , MacDonald Graham K , Zhang Xin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Efficient management of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is imperative for sustainable agriculture, resource conservation, and reducing environmental pollution. Despite progress in on-farm practices and urban wastewater treatment in the Chesapeake Bay (CB) watershed, limited attention has been given to nutrient transport, use, and handling between farms and urban environments. This study uses the hierarchical CAFE (Cropping system, Animal-crop system, Food system, and Ecosystem) framework to evaluate nutrient management performances within the watershed. We first develop a three-decade, county-level nutrient budget database (1985–2019), then analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of N and P budgets, as well as N and P use efficiencies, within the four CAFE hierarchies. Our results indicate a sizable increase in potential N and P losses beyond crop fields (i.e. in the Animal-crop system, Food system, and Ecosystem), surpassing losses from cropland in over 90% of counties. To address these system-wide trade-offs, we estimate the nutrient resources in waste streams beyond croplands, which, if recovered and recycled, could theoretically offset mineral fertilizer inputs in over 60% of counties. Additionally, the growing imbalance in excess N versus P across systems, which increases the N:P ratio of potential losses, could pose an emerging risk to downstream aquatic ecosystems. By utilizing a systematic approach, our novel application of the CAFE framework reveals trade-offs and synergies in nutrient management outcomes that transcend agro-environmental and political boundaries, underscores disparities in N and P management, and helps to identify unique opportunities for enhancing holistic nutrient management across systems within the CB watershed.
Research progress of rare earth light conversion agent materials for agricultural film
Authors: Zhang Nana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Rare earth light conversion agent material is a fluorescent material that can convert solar energy into light of different wavelengths for various applications. In this paper, the research progress of organic rare earth complexes and inorganic rare earth light conversion agent materials is first reviewed. Then, the luminescence principles, classification, synthesis methods, characterization and performance methods of organic rare-earth complexes and inorganic rare-earth light conversion agent materials are reviewed, as well as their recent progress in agricultural film applications. Finally, the challenges and development prospects faced by organic rare earth complexes and inorganic rare earth light conversion agent materials are summarized.
Growth, magnetic, and electronic properties of Ni-Zn ferrites thin films
Authors: Guzman L G , Sánchez L C , Gil Monsalve J , Ostos C , Arnache O 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Thin films of Ni-Zn ferrite grown on MgO(111) single crystal substrate were prepared using radiofrequency magnetron sputtering, with a target of nominal composition Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4. Subsequently, x-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed, which revealed characteristic reflections of a Ni-Zn ferrite structure, confirming the unique formation of the ferrite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of metal ions in their appropriate valence states within the crystalline structure of the Ni-Zn ferrite. The variation in binding energy observed in the thin film is attributed to changes in the environment of Fe3+ and Zn2+ or Ni2+ ions, resulting from the non-equilibrium distribution of cations in tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The saturation magnetization and the coercivity field were

7.05

μ

B

/
cell

and 513 ± 32 Oe, respectively. In addition, ferromagnetic resonance studies were made using broad-band FMR spectroscopy based on a coplanar waveguide (CPW) spectrometer.
Effect of scanning speeds on microstructure evolution and properties of 70Cr8Ni2Y coatings by direct laser deposition
Authors: Chen Xueting , Zhao Chang , Zhu Xiaoou , Yin Guili , Xu Yun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The 70Cr8Ni2Y coatings were prepared by direct laser deposition (DLD) with different scanning speeds. The microstructure evolution and the relationship between microstructure and properties of the coatings were studied. The results demonstrated that the microstructure of DLD 70Cr8Ni2Y coatings was martensite, and the phases were α′ (Fe-Cr) and γ-Fe (Fe-Ni). With the increased of scanning speed, the martensite size decreased from 5.42 ± 0.04 μm to 4.42 ± 0.01 μm and 3.20 ± 0.02 μm. When the scanning speed was 20 mm s−1, the fabricated coating displayed the highest average microhardness (883 ± 37 HV) and the lowest mass wear rate (0.061 mg mm−1) without pores. The combined strengthening effect of fine grain strengthening and solid solution strengthening, as well as good formability, were the fundamental reasons for the high hardness and wear resistance of the coating. The results of this study can provide an experimental basis for the DLD alloy coatings with high hardness and wear resistance.
Effect of Y content on microstructure evolution and tensile properties of Mg-8Li-3Al-2Sn-xY alloys
Authors: Zhang Yang , Sun Shunping , Chen Xiaoyang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The design of new ultra-light Mg-Li alloys have great significance in aerospace and other fields. In this paper, Sn and Y elements were simultaneously added into Mg-8Li-3Al (wt%) alloy and the effect of Y content on microstructure evolution and tensile properties of Mg-8Li-3Al-2Sn-xY (wt%) alloys was studied. The as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Sn alloy is composed of α-Mg + β-Li duplex-phase matrix, fine MgLiAl2 phase and coarse fishbone-like Li2MgSn phase. As Y element is added, granular Al2Y phase is formed, and grain size of α-Mg phase decreases significantly with shape changing from well-developed coarse dendritic to equiaxed dendritic. After hot extrusion, α-Mg phase is elongated along the extrusion direction, and β-Li phase undergoes complete dynamic recrystallization and transforms into fine equiaxed grains. The addition of 0.5% Y improves the tensile properties of as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Sn-0.5Y alloy. However, the tensile properties show a downward trend with further increase of Y content. Hot extrusion significantly enhances the tensile properties of Mg-8Li-3Al-2Sn-xY alloys. Similarly, strength reaches the highest when the Y content is 0.5% for extruded Mg-8Li-3Al-2Sn-xY alloys.
Tribological performance of ZrO2 nanoparticles as friction and wear reduction additives in aviation lubricant
Authors: Zhang Lijian , Zhu Zhibo , Zhao Deming , Gao Xingwen , Wang Bingxu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
High-performance aircraft engines require superior aviation oils to enhance their lubricating performance and prolong service life. Addition of nano-sized ceramic particles has been considered as a useful way to improve the tribological performance of base fluids. Up to now, few previous studies focused on the tribological properties of ZrO2 nanoparticles in aviation oil. The current study dispersed ZrO2 nanoparticles into PAO20 aviation base oil as lubricant additives. A dual-step method comprised of physical blending and ultrasonic dispersing was applied in the preparation of ZrO2 nanofluids. Oleic acid was utilized as surfactant to enhance the stability of ZrO2 nanofluids. Ball-on-plate reciprocating sliding wear tests were conducted to obtain the coefficient of friction and wear volumes. It was found that the PAO20 base oil produced the highest coefficient of friction of 0.278 and wear volumes of 2.305 × 10−2 mm3. 5 wt% ZrO2 nanofluids with 5 wt% oleic acid showed the best lubricating performance. The coefficient of friction was reduced by 31.29%, and wear volume was reduced by 42.95%. In the examination of wear tracks, a physically embedded tribo-layer of ZrO2 nanoparticles and an oleic acid tribo-film with low shearing resistance were formed, which lowered the friction, and protected the mating surfaces against abrasive and adhesive wear. The results obtained in this study have applicable values in the development of high-performance aviation lubricants.
Multi-layered silicone-based breast tissue phantom for multi-modal optical spectroscopy
Authors: Jayasankar Subitcha , Narayanan Unni Sujatha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The heterogeneity, non-uniform nature, and ethical concerns in sourcing biological tissues pose several challenges to designing, calibrating, standardizing, and evaluating the performance of spectroscopy-based diagnostic methods. A synthetic phantom module that can resemble a multi-layered tissue structure while including multiple tissue biomarkers with long-shelf life and stability is vital to overcome these challenges. This work uses a multi-layered silicone phantom to incorporate multiple biomarkers suitable for multi-modal spectroscopy testing and calibration. The phantom mimics the microcalcification distribution in the breast tissues using hydroxyapatite and the endogenous fluorescence seen in the tissues using Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH). The utility of this phantom for tumor margin analysis is analyzed using Diffuse reflectance, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy. The observed relative differences in intensity with changes in the silicone tumor layer depth and thickness are suitable for instrument calibration and fiber-optic probe design for tumor margin analysis.
Security of partially corrupted quantum repeater networks
Authors: Harkness Adrian , Krawec Walter O , Wang Bing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Quantum Key Distribution allows two parties to establish a secret key that is secure against computationally unbounded adversaries. To extend the distance between parties, quantum networks are vital. Typically, security in such scenarios assumes the absolute worst case: namely, an adversary has complete control over all repeaters and fiber links in a network and is able to replace them with perfect devices, thus allowing her to hide her attack within the expected natural noise. In a large-scale network, however, such a powerful attack may be infeasible. In this paper, we analyze the case where the adversary can only corrupt a subset of the repeater network connecting Alice and Bob, while some portion of the network near Alice and Bob may be considered safe from attack (though still noisy). We derive a rigorous finite key proof of security assuming this attack model, and show that improved performance and noise tolerances are possible. Our proof methods may be useful to other researchers investigating partially corrupted quantum networks, and our main result may be beneficial to future network operators.
Investigation of the mechanical and Thermal properties of functionally graded iron aluminide
Authors: Shubber Fatima L , Hameed Al-Shafaie Saad , Radhi Nabaa Sattar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Iron aluminide is used in many industrial applications such as valve of piston; In this work, the mechanical and thermal properties of samples made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) were studied. These specimens were manufactured by powder metallurgy, consisting of different chemical composition layers of (40–50) at% aluminum. The specimens consist of: single layers (B1, B2, B3) consisting of (40, 45, and 50) at% of aluminum and the rest of iron; FGMs (double-layer) (B4, B5, B6); and FGMs (three-layer) (B7). All results of FGM were compared with its constituent layers in all tests, including the x-ray diffraction examination, and they all showed the same phases with differences in intensity (Fe3Al, FeAl, Al13Fe4, FeAl2, Fe2Al5). From the mechanical compression test, the yield point, ultimate stress, and Young’s modulus results indicated that the FGMs have an average value compared with the layer that contained them. Thermal test: FGMs have the lowest values of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity compared with single-layer specimens. The specific heat of FGMs has the highest value. Thermal conductivity was recorded to range from 8.08 to 6.376 W mK−1 for single and FGM specimens, respectively; thermal diffusivity from 4.6 to 0.72 mm2 S−1; and specific heat from 1.77 to 8.84 MJ/m3K.
Model-agnostic neural mean field with a data-driven transfer function
Authors: Spaeth Alex , Haussler David , Teodorescu Mircea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As one of the most complex systems known to science, modeling brain behavior and function is both fascinating and extremely difficult. Empirical data is increasingly available from ex vivo human brain organoids and surgical samples, as well as in vivo animal models, so the problem of modeling the behavior of large-scale neuronal systems is more relevant than ever. The statistical physics concept of a mean-field model offers a tractable way to bridge the gap between single-neuron and population-level descriptions of neuronal activity, by modeling the behavior of a single representative neuron and extending this to the population. However, existing neural mean-field methods typically either take the limit of small interaction sizes, or are applicable only to the specific neuron models for which they were derived. This paper derives a mean-field model by fitting a transfer function called Refractory SoftPlus, which is simple yet applicable to a broad variety of neuron types. The transfer function is fitted numerically to simulated spike time data, and is entirely agnostic to the underlying neuronal dynamics. The resulting mean-field model predicts the response of a network of randomly connected neurons to a time-varying external stimulus with a high degree of accuracy. Furthermore, it enables an accurate approximate bifurcation analysis as a function of the level of recurrent input. This model does not assume large presynaptic rates or small postsynaptic potential size, allowing mean-field models to be developed even for populations with large interaction terms.
Community energy and socio-technical infrastructure resilience: analysis of mini/micro hydro power projects in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Khalid Rihab , Basit Abdul , Sohail Maria , Ahmad Tanvir , Muhammad Noor 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In 2014–15, Pakistan’s provincial government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) launched a decentralised power generation initiative, installing over 356 small hydro power units to provide electricity to over 2.5 million people in its mountainous regions. This initiative built on the foundation of prior community-based mini/micro hydro-power projects (MHPPs) deployed in the region since the 1980s that have experienced mixed success; by 2020, over 150 units were non-operational. This paper investigates the socio-technical factors influencing the success and failure of these projects, focusing on outcomes and processes integral to community MHPPs. The study analyses the critical implications of MHPPs for socio-economic welfare, gender equity and democratic governance through extensive primary research including field observations at 40 sites, questionnaire surveys with community residents in three in-depth case-studies, and expert interviews with local policymakers and project developers. Analysis shows that electricity provision from MHPPs has had positive outcomes for the communities in terms of improved education, poverty alleviation and economic growth, alongside enhanced access to information and gains in women’s entrepreneurship and health. Nonetheless, the study also identifies significant shortcomings in the processes involved in community MHPPs related to inadequate technical assessments, monitoring, and evaluation, as well as challenges arising from undemocratic governance mechanisms and inequitable participation. By teasing out the multiple socio-technical dimensions that shape infrastructure resilience of MHPPs in KPK, this paper contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable community energy projects and informs policy for decentralised energy transitions that ensure democratic alignment and inclusive design.
Technological achievements in the fabrication of tubular-designed protonic ceramic electrochemical cells
Authors: Gordeeva Maria A , Tarutin Artem P , Danilov Nikolai A , Medvedev Dmitry A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells provide an excellent basis for the advancement of high-temperature solid oxide devices, offering potential solutions to a range of challenges in the hydrogen energy and carbon capture fields. The facilitated ionic transport in proton-conducting electrolytes enables these cells to operate at temperatures 100 °C–500 °C lower than those of conventional solid oxide cells with known zirconia electrolytes. As a result, promising performances have been reported for various types of proton ceramic electrochemical cells. Nevertheless, these advancements have been demonstrated only at the laboratory scale, whereas their ZrO2-based counterparts have already been commercialized. This review presents an overview of the fundamental and applied aspects related to the fabrication of tubular protonic ceramic electrochemical cells and their subsequent characterization as hydrogen permeation membranes, hydrogen pumps, hydrogen sensors, fuel cells, electrolysis cells, and electrochemical reactors. A specific focus is placed on the technological aspects of the tube preparations derived from the original powder sources as well as the dimensional characteristics of the tubes, which serve as an indicator of scaling. Therefore, this review serves as a starting point for the development and scaling of protonic ceramic electrochemical cells, with the potential for large-scale production.
Functions
Authors: Shoemaker David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In order to lay out a design of blame and praise, it is necessary first to understand their nature. This chapter surveys all of the contemporary philosophical (constitutivist) theories of blame. They each capture some forms of blame but have a hard time accounting for others. This general problem points the way to developing a functionalist theory instead, one explaining what blame is for. But there is another crucial gap in constitutivist theories, namely, they don’t really discuss or account for praise. Indeed, blame and praise are all, it is argued, part of a system of agential responses, so the question guiding the investigation is what is this system for? The answer: it is for norm maintenance, and its contributing parts characteristically deliver stings (bad feelings) and buzzes (good feelings) and are costly signals of the respondent’s commitment to norm patrol. The chapter ends by defending this view against three functionalist rivals.
PHF1::TFE3-positive fibromyxoid sarcoma? Report of 2 cases and review of 13 cases of PHF1::TFE3-positive ossifying fibromyxoid tumor in the literature
Authors: Wei Shuanzeng , Patchefsky Arthur S , Pei Jianming , Brown Scot A , Basu Mallick Atrayee , Wang Zixuan , Jiang Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis. Most OFMTs have benign behavior, and many harbor gene fusions involving the PHD finger protein 1 (PHF1), such as EP400::PHF1, MEAF6::PHF1, EPC1::PHF1, and PHF1::TFE3. The PHF1::TFE3 fusion is unique because PHF1 is at 5ʹ instead of residing at 3ʹ in the other fusions. In this study, we describe 2 cases of OFMT harboring PHF1::TFE3 fusions and review 13 published cases.

Methods
Two cases of PHF1::TFE3-positive OFMT were investigated using RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and immunohistochemistry.

Results
Most (12/15) of the PHF1::TFE3 OFMTs we studied were located at proximal and distal extremities, with a multinodular growth pattern. Only 1 case (1/10) had a shell of bone at the periphery. Areas morphologically similar to sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma or low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma were found in 8 of 12 (66.7%) cases. Eleven cases (11/15 [73.3%]) were regarded as malignant based on more than 2/50 high-power field mitotic figures, increased cellularity, or the presence of necrosis. Among the 9 cases with follow-up data, 2 patients died of disease (with metastases), 1 patient is alive with metastases, and 1 patient had multiple local recurrences.

Conclusions
Because PHF1 is located at 3ʹ in all the PHF1 fusions in OFMTs except PHF1::TFE3, the different driver molecular alterations suggest that OFMTs with 3ʹ-PHF1 fusions and OFMTs with PHF1::TFE3 are different tumors. Immunohistochemistry confirmed TFE3 expression in all PHF1::TFE3 OFMTs. Because PHF1::TFE3-positive OFMTs have increased mitotic figures and tumor cellularity, with a high rate of metastasis, using the name PHF1::TFE3 positive fibromyxoid sarcoma may be appropriate.