bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbicidal Action of Heat, Detergents and Active Oxygen Bleach as Components of Laundry Hygiene
Authors: Brands Britta , Brinkmann Angelina , Bloomfield Sally , Bockmühl Dirk P. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
It is known that decreasing temperatures in laundry can have a significant impact on the hygiene efficacy of laundering. This study used suspension tests to investigate the microbicidal effects of heat, detergent and activated oxygen bleach and their contributions to laundry hygiene. The results indicate that heat at 60°C contributes significantly to the microbicidal action, while detergent only has limited effects. Activated oxygen bleach strongly enhances the microbicidal action and thus has the potential to compensate for the loss of antimicrobial efficacy due to temperature decrease. This effect varied with the test strain and the temperature, and further work is needed to determine whether it is possible to achieve a hygiene effectiveness equivalent to that at 60°C across both fungal and bacterial strains.
Weldability of duplex stainless steels with and without Cu/Ni interlayer using plasma arc welding
Authors: Kirik Ihsan , Ozdemir Niyazi , Gulumser Mehmet , Balalan Zulkuf 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a monel/nickel interlayer electrode prepared with a thickness of 2 mm on the weldability properties of duplex stainless steel plates welded by means of plasma transfer arc welding. After welding, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometry were carried out to determine the microstructural changes that occurred in the interface regions of the welds. Moreover, tensile strength, microhardness and fractography tests were conducted for assessing the mechanical properties of the welded specimens. The results of tests and examinations indicated that the tensile strength of welded parts with a nickel interlayer was higher than that of with and without a monel interlayer.
Strain measurement in concrete using embedded carbon roving-based sensors
Authors: Quadflieg Till , Gries Thomas , Stolyarov Oleg 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This paper presents the results of the application of carbon rovings as strain sensors for measuring the strain in concrete. In this work, three types of electrically conductive carbon roving with different characteristics were used. The possibility of using carbon rovings as a strain sensor is demonstrated via measurements in tensile and four point bending tests. The experimental setups and methods for measuring the electrical resistance of carbon roving in the roving and concrete are described. The results of the characterization of the electrical behavior as a function of strain of carbon rovings and concrete are presented and discussed. The obtained results indicate that the strain range of carbon rovings optimally corresponds to the strain range of concrete. This characteristic behavior makes the carbon rovings well suited for the use as strain sensors. A good correlation has been found between the electrical resistance-strain curve of the carbon roving and the measurements in the concrete.
Characteristics of austenitic stainless steel T-joints welded using the DMAG process with solid wire
Authors: Mert Tolga , Gultekin Nurullah , Karaaslan Ahmet 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
X 2 CrNi 18 9 austenitic stainless steel material with web and flange thickness of 6 mm was welded by conventional GMAW and double channel shielding gas method (DMAG) to form double fillet T-joints. The differences between these two methods were characterized by measurements of mean welding parameters, thermal camera temperature measurements, Vickers hardness profiles and bead geometries of the joints. Results show higher mean current but lower mean voltage using double channel shielding gas method. Vickers hardness differences between the two methods were insignificant. Moreover, molten mean filler metal area was larger with double channel shielding gas method, which depicted that welding speed for the same filler metal deposition could be increased and this could yield increased productivity.
Application of the Taguchi method for surface roughness predictions in the turning process
Authors: Ozturk Sabri 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This work is concentrates on the experimental and analytical study of 7075-T6 aluminum alloys in turning operations. The results are analyzed in terms of surface roughness of the workpiece machined using carbide inserts. Taguchi's experimental design method and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to analyze the effect of cutting parameters on surface finish values. It is demonstrated by the experiments that feed rate affects the surface quality more than the depth of cut and cutting speed. The correlations between the factors and surface roughness are determined by multivariable regression analysis which was developed to predict the surface roughness using the test data. Multivariable regression and prediction used with Taguchi results are compared using statistical methods. Taguchi method gives an approximation with 1.15 % error and produces the better results compared to multivariable regression. Experimental study shows that an increase in feed rate causes adhesion of the aluminum on the tool insert. The amount of stuck aluminum adversely affects the quality of the surface.
Experimental failure testing and repair of internal pressurized composite pipes using different fracture models
Authors: Sülü İsmail Yasin , Şahinaslan Apdulmutalip 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The failure testing and repair of composite pipes using different fracture models and different orientation angles under internal pressure was experimentally investigated. Patches with different dimensions were made from composite material for repair. Fracture models on composite pipes were created for three different angles. These are horizontal crack, vertical crack and inclined crack. Adhesive layers created by using DP 410 for repair and failure testing of the composite pipes with different fractures were carried out. Failure loads were obtained from experimental tests. The shear extension coupling of composite pipe and patch was considered because the lay-up angles with + θ and – θ layers were in different radii. Effects of orientation angles and types of fracture models were investigated regarding interaction between the pipe, the adhesive and the patch. The most effective patch width and orientation angles were determined.
Effects of different wire chemical compositions on the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of copper brazing joints
Authors: Findik Tayfun , Arabaci Uğur , Çinar Sefa 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In this study, commercially pure (99.5 wt.-%) copper alloy plates were brazed using an oxy-gas flame with four different brazing alloys in butt and lap joints, and the brazing capability, the microstructural and mechanical property changes were examined. The experimental results showed that L-CuZn39Sn brazing wire used in the butt joining caused porosity and an adverse effect on the microstructural and mechanical properties. However, in lap joining, it was observed that the mechanical properties of this material show identical characteristics compared to other brazing wires. In lap joining conducted using the L-CuNi10Zn42 alloyed brazing wires, a very good grain structure originated by diffusion was observed.
Inspection of domestic nuclear fuel rods using neutron radiography at the Tehran Research Reactor
Authors: Dastjerdi Mohammad Hosein Choopan , Khalafi Hossein , Kasesaz Yaser , Movafeghi Amir 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Three unused domestic fuel rods were investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by means of thermal neutron radiography. The neutron radiography tests were performed by the image plate method at Tehran research reactor in order to check the fuel properties. The pellets of these three fuel rods contained three different U-235 enrichments and different sizes that were filled into a zircalloy tube. In the qualitative investigations, the difference in size and enrichment between the pellets and the gaps between them were obviously recognized in the image of the fuel rods. In the quantitative investigations, data of the pellets compositions, their sizes (lengths and diameters) and the gaps between them were extracted from obtained images. It was found that the measured data and the manufacturer's specifications are in good agreement.
Effect of Preparation on the Correct Interpretation of Thermal Spray Coatings on the Basis of Selected Atmospheric Plasma and Flame Spray Coatings
Authors: Schultz S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
For quality assurance, thermal spray coatings undergo, metallographic examination, among other things, Here, for example, unmelted particles, pores, oxides, phase fractions, homogeneity, separations, cracks and impurities are estimated.
The correct evaluation of thermal spray samples is heavily influenced by embedding and preparation methods.
Microstructural Characterisation of Glass Ceramics as a Component Part of High Pressure Discharge Lamps
Authors: Dressel K. , Görz B. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The investigation presented is of part of a high pressure discharge lamp. The heart of the lamp is a ceramic burner which is sealed with a so-called glass solder, a glass ceramic comprised of a mixture of Oxides (Dysprosium Oxide, Aluminium Oxide and Silicon Oxide).
Two different chemical compositions of glass solder, which are part of type of a composite material comprised of a broad spectrum of materials, are compared microscopically. The morphology of solidification, which has an effect on the operating life of the lamps is characterised using various classical methods such as optical light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy.
Nouvelle étude du Lokeśvara khmer du Musée national de Colombo (Sri Lanka)
Authors: Vincent Brice 
Published: August 2016

Découvert et publié au début des années 1920 par Victor Goloubew, le Lokeśvara khmer du Musée national de Colombo reste un témoignage historique majeur des relations anciennement tissées entre le Cambodge et le Sri Lanka. C’est à ce titre qu’il nous paraît utile de réexaminer cette statuette en bronze : en prenant d’abord en compte des considérations d’ordre technique, iconographique et stylistique, puis en discutant en détail les conditions de sa découverte. Une telle approche aide notamment à mieux comprendre l’hypothèse de V. Goloubew, qui proposa d’identifier l’idole comme un ex-voto offert par le souverain khmer, et Roi lépreux « historique », Jayavarman VII. À la légende est toutefois préféré le contexte des interactions politiques et religieuses entretenues entre les royaumes khmer et singhalais à partir du milieu du XIIe siècle. Le long voyage de l’idole est ainsi attribué à un pèlerin bouddhiste, sans doute venu du Cambodge pour vénérer Avalokiteśvara en un sanctuaire local réputé et dédié au bodhisattva guérisseur.
TERRESTRIAL PLANET FORMATION FROM AN ANNULUS
Authors: Walsh Kevin J. , Levison Harold F. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
It has been shown that some aspects of the terrestrial planets can be explained, particularly the Earth/Mars mass ratio, when they form from a truncated disk with an outer edge near 1.0 au. This has been previously modeled starting from an intermediate stage of growth utilizing pre-formed planetary embryos. We present simulations that were designed to test this idea by following the growth process from km-sized objects located between 0.7 and 1.0 au up to terrestrial planets. The simulations explore initial conditions where the solids in the disk are planetesimals with radii initially between 3 and 300 km, alternately including effects from a dissipating gaseous solar nebula and collisional fragmentation. We use a new Lagrangian code known as LIPAD, which is a particle-based code that models the fragmentation, accretion, and dynamical evolution of a large number of planetesimals, and can model the entire growth process from km-sizes up to planets. A suite of large (∼ Mars mass) planetary embryos is complete in only ∼1 Myr, containing most of the system mass. A quiescent period then persists for 10–20 Myr characterized by slow diffusion of the orbits and continued accretion of the remaining planetesimals. This is interrupted by an instability that leads to embryos crossing orbits and embryo–embryo impacts that eventually produce the final set of planets. While this evolution is different than that found in other works exploring an annulus, the final planetary systems are similar, with roughly the correct number of planets and good Mars-analogs.
ENSEMBLE LEARNING METHOD FOR OUTLIER DETECTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO ASTRONOMICAL LIGHT CURVES
Authors: Nun Isadora , Protopapas Pavlos , Sim Brandon , Chen Wesley 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Outlier detection is necessary for automated data analysis, with specific applications spanning almost every domain from financial markets to epidemiology to fraud detection. We introduce a novel mixture of the experts outlier detection model, which uses a dynamically trained, weighted network of five distinct outlier detection methods. After dimensionality reduction, individual outlier detection methods score each data point for “outlierness” in this new feature space. Our model then uses dynamically trained parameters to weigh the scores of each method, allowing for a finalized outlier score. We find that the mixture of experts model performs, on average, better than any single expert model in identifying both artificially and manually picked outliers. This mixture model is applied to a data set of astronomical light curves, after dimensionality reduction via time series feature extraction. Our model was tested using three fields from the MACHO catalog and generated a list of anomalous candidates. We confirm that the outliers detected using this method belong to rare classes, like Novae, He-burning, and red giant stars; other outlier light curves identified have no available information associated with them. To elucidate their nature, we created a website containing the light-curve data and information about these objects. Users can attempt to classify the light curves, give conjectures about their identities, and sign up for follow up messages about the progress made on identifying these objects. This user submitted data can be used further train of our mixture of experts model. Our code is publicly available to all who are interested.
THE DISTANT OUTER GAS ARM BETWEEN l = 35° AND l = 45°
Authors: Su Yang , Sun Yan , Li Chong , Zhang Shaobo , Zhou Xin , Fang Min , Yang Ji , Chen Xuepeng 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The Galactic plane has been mapped from l = 34.°75 to 45.°25 and b = −5.°25 to 5.°25 in the CO (J = 1–0) emission with the 13.7 m telescope of the Purple Mountain Observatory. The unbiased survey covers a large area of 110 square degrees sampled every 30″ with a velocity resolution of

. In this paper, we present the result of an unbiased CO survey of this longitude and latitude range in the velocity range from −60 to

. Over 500 molecular clouds (MCs) are picked out from the 12CO (J = 1–0) emission, and 131 of these MCs are associated with 13CO emission. The distant MCs, which lie beyond the solar circle and are mostly concentrated in the Galactic plane, trace the large-scale molecular gas structure over 10 degrees of Galactic azimuth. We find that the distribution of the distant MCs can be well fitted by a Gaussian function with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.°7 with the Galactic latitude. We suggest that the CO emission of the segment is from the Outer Arm. The physical mid-plane traced by the Outer Arm seems to be slightly displaced from the IAU-defined plane on a large scale, which could be explained by the warped plane at large Galactocentric distances of ≳10 kpc and the apparent tilted mid-plane to the projected IAU-defined plane caused by the Sun’s z-height above the disk for distances near and within the Solar circle. After removing the effect of the warp and tilted structure, the scale height of the MCs in the Outer Arm is about 0.°6 or 160 pc at a heliocentric distance of 15 kpc. If the inner plane of our Galaxy is flat, we can derive an upper limit of the Sun’s offset of ∼17.1 pc above the physical mid-plane of the Milky Way. We also discuss the correlations between the physical parameters of the distant MCs, which is quite consistent with the result of other studies of this parameter.
SUPRATHERMAL SOLAR WIND ELECTRONS AND LANGMUIR TURBULENCE
Authors: Kim Sunjung , Yoon Peter H. , Choe G. S. , moon Y.-J. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The steady-state model recently put forth for the solar wind electron velocity distribution function during quiet time conditions, was originally composed of three population electrons (core, halo, and superhalo) with the core remaining nonresonant with any plasma waves while the halo and superhalo separately maintained steady-state resonance with whistler- and Langmuir-frequency range fluctuations, respectively. However, a recent paper demonstrates that whistler-range fluctuations in fact have no significant contribution. The present paper represents a consummation of the model in that a self-consistent model of the suprathermal electron population, which encompasses both the halo and the superhalo, is constructed solely on the basis of the Langmuir fluctuation spectrum. Numerical solutions to steady-state particle and wave kinetic equations are obtained on the basis of an initial trial electron distribution and Langmuir wave spectrum. Such a finding offers a self-consistent explanation for the observed steady-state electron distribution in the solar wind.
FERMI STUDY OF 5–300 GeV EMISSION FROM THE HIGH-MASS PULSAR BINARY PSR B1259-63/LS 2883
Authors: Xing Yi , Wang Zhongxiang , Takata Jumpei 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the results from our detailed analysis of the Fermi Large Area Telescope data for the pulsar binary PSR B1259−63/LS 2883. During the GeV flares that occurred when the pulsar was in the periastron passages, we have detected a 5–300 GeV component at ≃5σ in emission from the binary. The detection verifies the presence of the component that has been marginally found in previous studies of the binary. Furthermore, we have discovered that this component was marginally present even in the quiescent state of the binary, specifically the mean anomaly phase 0.7–0.9. The component can be described by a power law with a photon index Γ ∼ 1.4, and the flux in the flares is approximately one order of magnitude higher than that in quiescence. We discuss the origin of this component. It likely arises from the inverse-Compton process: due to the interaction between the winds from the pulsar and its massive companion, high-energy particles from the shock scatter the seed photons from the companion to GeV/TeV energies. Based on this scenario, model fits to the broad-band X-ray to TeV spectra of the binary in the flaring and quiescent states are provided.
Estimated burden of fungal infections in Kenya
Authors: Guto John Abuga , Bii Christine C , Denning David W 
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Kenya is a developing country with a high rate of tuberculosis (TB) and a moderate HIV infection burden. No estimate of the burden of fungal diseases in Kenya is published. Methodology: We used specific populations at risk and fungal infection frequencies from the literature to estimate national incidence or prevalence of serious fungal infections. Used sources were: 2010 WHO TB statistics, Kenya Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Epidemic Update 2012, Kenya Facts and figures 2012, Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008-2009. Results: Of Kenya’s population of ~40 million, 43% are under 15 years old and approximately 594,660 Kenyan women get >4 episodes Candida vulvovaginitis annually (2,988/100,000). The HIV/AIDS population at risk of opportunistic infections (OI) is 480,000 and the OI estimates include 306,000 patients with oral thrush (768/100,000), 114,000 with oesophageal candidiasis (286/100,000), 11,900 with cryptococcal meningitis (29/100,000) and 17,000 patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia (42/100,000). Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis following TB has a prevalence of 10,848 cases (32/100,000). The adult asthma prevalence is 3.1% and assuming 2.5% have allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis then 17,696 (44/100,000) are affected. Invasive aspergillosis, candidaemia and Candida peritonitis are probably uncommon. Tinea capitis infects 9.6% of children in Kenya, while fungal keratitis and otomycoses are difficult to estimate. Conclusion: At any one time, about 7% of the Kenyan population suffers from a significant fungal infection, with recurrent vaginitis and tinea capitis accounting for 82% of the infections. These estimates require further epidemiological studies for validation.
Uma matemática na ponta dos dedos com dispositivos touchscreen
Authors: Bairral Marcelo Almeida , Assis Alexandre Rodrigues de , Silva Bárbara C. C. da 
Published: August 2016

Os recursos informáticos continuam crescendo e trazendo desafios a educação. O contínuo desenvolvimento das tecnologias digitais móveis propicia inovações nas práticas pedagógicas e promove reflexões sobre os impactos causados pelas mudanças. Esse artigo é parte de uma investigação interessada no uso de dispositivos com manipulação touchscreen direcionados para os processos de ensino e aprendizagem de matemática, particularmente em geometria. Apresentaremos um levantamento de dispositivos touchscreen e os primeiros resultados de atividades desenvolvidas em dois softwares o Geometric Constructer (GC) e o Sketchometry, realizados no período de novembro de 2012 a outubro de 2013, focado na descrição e natureza desses dispositivos. Verificamos que os aplicativos (APPs) são de dois tipos: softwares e jogos. Escolhemos trabalhar com softwares, pois estes proporcionam ambientes com recursos livres para construções geométricas. Esse estudo serve de ponto de partida que pode auxiliar professores e pesquisadores interessados na inserção de dispositivos touchscreen em novas práticas educativas.
Concepções e Práticas Avaliativas no Estágio Supervisionado de Ciências e Biologia
Authors: Queiroz Amaral Anelize , Cutchma Taís Regina , Daneluz Débora , Miguel Kassiana , Battisti Lucas , Auache Filho Alexandre Augusto 
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho faz parte de uma reflexão proposta na disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado do Curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológica, de uma universidade pública do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Esta pesquisa objetivou diagnosticar concepções e práticas avaliativas, no sentido de apontar anseios e dúvidas dos alunos em formação inicial. Para tanto, foi aplicado um questionário para doze acadêmicos e em seguida os dados foram submetidos a uma análise quanti-qualitativa. Os dados analisados evidenciaram que o conceito de avaliação ainda necessita de uma reflexão que ultrapasse a visão de um processo puramente classificatório e burocrático, cujo o instrumento avaliativo mais utilizado é a prova escrita. Verificou-se que, após as discussões no decorrer da disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado sobre as práticas avaliativas utilizadas, esse trabalho colaborou com uma melhor compreensão do processo avaliativo, sugerindo e instigando os futuros professores a reverem algumas concepções e práticas avaliativas em seu dia-a-dia.