bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternatives to allogeneic platelet transfusion
Authors: Desborough Michael J. R. , Smethurst Peter A. , Estcourt Lise J. , Stanworth Simon J. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryAllogeneic platelet transfusions are widely used for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in thrombocytopenia. Recent evidence suggests platelet transfusions have limited efficacy and are associated with uncertain immunomodulatory risks and concerns about viral or bacterial transmission. Alternatives to transfusion are a well‐recognised tenet of Patient Blood Management, but there has been less focus on different strategies to reduce bleeding risk by comparison to platelet transfusion. Direct alternatives to platelet transfusion include agents to stimulate endogenous platelet production (thrombopoietin mimetics), optimising platelet adhesion to endothelium by treating anaemia or increasing von Willebrand factor levels (desmopressin), increasing formation of cross‐linked fibrinogen (activated recombinant factor VII, fibrinogen concentrate or recombinant factor XIII), decreasing fibrinolysis (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) or using artificial or modified platelets (cryopreserved platelets, lyophilised platelets, haemostatic particles, liposomes, engineered nanoparticles or infusible platelet membranes). The evidence base to support the use of these alternatives is variable, but an area of active research. Much of the current randomised controlled trial focus is on evaluation of the use of thrombopoietin mimetics and anti‐fibrinolytics. It is also recognised that one alternative strategy to platelet transfusion is choosing not to transfuse at all.
Loss of TAB3 expression by shRNA exhibits suppressive bioactivity and increased chemical sensitivity of ovarian cancer cell lines via the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Chen Yannan , Wang Xia , Duan Chengwei , Chen Jie , Su Ming , Jin Yunfeng , Deng Yan , Wang Di , Chen Caiwen , Zhou Linsen , Cheng Jialin , Wang Wei , Xi Qinghua 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOvarian cancer is a leading cause of death among gynaecologic malignancies. Despite many years of research, it still remains sparing in reliable diagnostic markers and methods for early detection and screening. Transforming growth factor β‐activated protein kinase 1 (TAK1)‐binding protein 3 (TAB3) was initially characterized as an adapter protein essential for TAK1 activation in response to IL‐1β or TNFα, however, the physiological role of TAB3 in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis is still not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the effects of TAB3 on ovarian cancer cell lines. Expressions of TAB3 and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) were found to be gradually increased in EOC tissues and cell lines, by western blot analysis and qRT‐PCR. Distribution of TAB3 was further analysed by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, knockdown of TAB3 expression in HO8910 or SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells significantly inhibited bioactivity of ovarian cancer cells, including proliferation and cell‐cycle distribution, and promoted chemical sensitivity to cisplatin and paclitaxel treatment via inhibiting NF‐κB pathways. In conclusion, our study strongly suggests a novel function of TAB3 as an oncogene that could be used as a biomarker for ovarian cancer. It provides a new insight into the potential mechanism for therapeutic targeting, in chemotherapy resistance, common in ovarian cancer.
Transfusion with packed red blood cells while awaiting lung transplantation is associated with reduced survival after lung transplantation
Authors: Hayes Don , Tumin Dmitry , Yates Andrew R. , Mansour Heidi M. , Nicol Kathleen K. , Tobias Joseph D. , Palmer Andre F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of pretransplant transfusion of red blood cells on survival after lung transplantation (LTx) has not been studied.MethodsThe UNOS database was queried from 2005 to 2013 to compare survival in recipients receiving a transfusion while on the LTx wait list.ResultsOf 12 283 adult patients undergoing single or bilateral LTx from May 2005 onwards, 11 801 met inclusion criteria, among whom 512 required transfusion while on the LTx wait list. Transfusion was associated with a higher mortality hazard in unadjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis (HR=1.296; 95% CI: 1.124, 1.494; P<.001), and in a multivariable Cox model (HR=1.178; 95% CI: 1.013, 1.369; P=.033) after multiple imputation was used to complete data on covariates. Propensity score matching was used to match transfusion recipients to nonrecipients on the likelihood of having received transfusions on the wait list, calculated from characteristics at the time of listing. Unadjusted Cox regression stratified on the matched pairs also demonstrated an association between transfusion receipt on the wait list and higher post‐transplant mortality hazard (HR=1.494; 95% CI: 1.127, 1.979; P=.005).ConclusionsBlood transfusion while on the LTx wait list was associated with diminished patient survival after transplantation.
Training for cytotechnologists and cytopathologists in the developing world
Authors: Field A. S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCurrently there is a major challenge to train sufficient cytopathologists and cytotechnicians in developing countries that have poor medical and pathology infrastructure. Cytology requires well trained pathologists and laboratory staff but it needs only minimal laboratory resources. Cytology can provide the material for rapid, accurate and inexpensive diagnoses of infections such as tuberculosis and of benign and malignant palpable and impalpable lesions. Cytology can achieve this in the developing world by utilizing fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology, general fluids cytology and cervical cytology, in the same manner as is currently done in the developed world where cytology specimens are used to make cytomorphological diagnoses and increasingly to provide material for the full range of ancillary testing including molecular pathology. There are a number of ways to develop sustainable training in cytology in developing countries, especially in fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology, and these are presented and discussed.
Spread rates on fragmented landscapes: the interacting roles of demography, dispersal and habitat availability
Authors: Barros Ceres , Palmer Stephen C. F. , Bocedi Greta , Travis Justin M. J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimWe still lack a comprehensive understanding of the relative importance of demographic, dispersal and landscape characteristics on species’ rates of range expansion (RRE) and on how these factors interact. Here, we provide an analysis of these effects for passive dispersers, by investigating how habitat characteristics, such as habitat quality, availability and fragmentation, interplay with species’ dispersal characteristics in determining species’RRE. In addition, we assessed the predictability ofRREin cases where we have the knowledge of a species’ demography, dispersal and habitat availability.MethodsUsing the newly available individual‐based modelling platform,RangeShifterwe simulated the range expansion of species with different dispersal abilities, by varying mean dispersal distance and number of emigrants, on various landscapes. Landscapes varied in habitat quality (in terms of carrying capacity and species’ growth rates) and in habitat availability (in terms of the proportion of suitable habitat and its degree of fragmentation).ResultsOur results show that 55% of the total variation inRREwas explained by our six main effects, being considerably faster in landscapes with more suitable habitat, but only slightly affected by the degree of habitat fragmentation. Also, synergies between the amount of suitable habitat and species dispersal characteristics had significant positive effects on range expansion. Notably, however, 33% of variation inRREwas not explained by any of the tested factors or interactions between them and can be considered inherent and irreducible uncertainty.Main conclusionsSimulation‐based approaches provide important insights into the drivers ofRREthat are relevant for conservation planning. For instance, our results indicate when it is likely to be better to allocate resources to improve existing habitat rather than creating new habitat, and vice versa. Additionally, our results emphasize that there will often be substantial uncertainty in theRRE, which needs to be taken into account for ecological management.
Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: miRNAs and targeted therapies
Authors: Leierer Johannes , Mayer Gert , Kronbichler Andreas 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrimary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome.AimsThe pathogenic steps leading to primary FSGS are still obscure, although evidence suggests that circulatory factor(s) are involved in the onset of disease.ResultsRecent technical advances allow the analysis of miRNA expression in tissues and body fluids, leading to reports of miRNAs involved in the molecular mechanisms of FSGS‐aetiopathogenesis. Moreover, investigations have also highlighted miRNAs that might serve as biomarkers for primary FSGS.Discussion/ConclusionsThe aim of this review was to summarize reports showing a direct relation between miRNAs and primary FSGS. In addition, the impact of identified miRNAs on treatment response, prediction of the disease onset as well as the regulation in different disease activities is summarized.
The Influence of Parental Status on Courtship Effort in a Paternal Caring Fish
Authors: Deal Nicholas D. S. , Gravolin Isaac , Wong Bob B. M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIt is widely assumed that caring for young limits the motivation of parents to seek additional mating opportunities. However, in situations where parental care does not involve direct provisioning of the offspring, but rather activities directed at the brood as a whole (e.g. guarding), it may be more efficient for parents to care for large numbers of young at once. This may be especially true for species with exclusive paternal care, with fathers that have recently acquired a brood of young potentially benefitting from vigorously courting prospective mates, so as to maximise their chances of attaining a large number of young to rear together. We experimentally tested this hypothesis in the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a fish with male only care. Contrary to our predictions, we found no evidence of any differences in courtship between recently spawned egg‐tending fathers and males that had not spawned. However, males that were permitted to spawn, but then had their eggs taken from them, courted less vigorously. Together, the results of our study suggest that the potential benefits of vigorous courtship in terms of acquiring additional young may be offset by additional costs faced by parental males.
Population trends influence species ability to track climate change
Authors: Ralston Joel , DeLuca William V. , Feldman Richard E. , King David I. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractShifts of distributions have been attributed to species tracking their fundamental climate niches through space. However, several studies have now demonstrated that niche tracking is imperfect, that species’ climate niches may vary with population trends, and that geographic distributions may lag behind rapid climate change. These reports of imperfect niche tracking imply shifts in species’ realized climate niches. We argue that quantifying climate niche shifts and analyzing them for a suite of species reveal general patterns of niche shifts and the factors affecting species’ ability to track climate change. We analyzed changes in realized climate niche between 1984 and 2012 for 46 species of North American birds in relation to population trends in an effort to determine whether species differ in the ability to track climate change and whether differences in niche tracking are related to population trends. We found that increasingly abundant species tended to show greater levels of niche expansion (climate space occupied in 2012 but not in 1980) compared to declining species. Declining species had significantly greater niche unfilling (climate space occupied in 1980 but not in 2012) compared to increasing species due to an inability to colonize new sites beyond their range peripheries after climate had changed at sites of occurrence. Increasing species, conversely, were better able to colonize new sites and therefore showed very little niche unfilling. Our results indicate that species with increasing trends are better able to geographically track climate change compared to declining species, which exhibited lags relative to changes in climate. These findings have important implications for understanding past changes in distribution, as well as modeling dynamic species distributions in the face of climate change.
The effects of soil eutrophication propagate to higher trophic levels
Authors: Pöyry Juha , Carvalheiro Luísa G. , Heikkinen Risto K. , Kühn Ingolf , Kuussaari Mikko , Schweiger Oliver , Valtonen Anu , van Bodegom Peter M. , Franzén Markus 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimNitrogen deposition is a major global driver of change in plant communities, but its impacts on higher trophic levels are insufficiently understood. Here, we introduce and test a novel conceptual trait‐based model describing how the effects of soil eutrophication cascade to higher trophic levels across differential plant–herbivore interactions.LocationNorthern Europe.MethodsWe synthesize previous literature on the effects of nitrogen on plants and herbivorous insects as well as relevant multispecies patterns of insect communities concerning species dietary breadth, body size, dispersal propensity and voltinism in order to derive the model. We empirically evaluate the proposed, hitherto untested, four main model pathways using statistical modelling and data on 1064 northern European butterfly and moth species, their life‐history traits, phylogeny and population trends.ResultsWe show that across all species: (1) larval dietary breadth and host plant foliar nitrogen content are positively and equally strongly related to insect body size, and that (2) multivoltinism, host plant preferences for soil nitrogen, body size and larval dietary breadth are positively related to population trends of butterflies and moths as predicted by the model. Positive relationships between plant foliar nitrogen content and body size as well as multivoltinism and population trends are the first multispecies demonstrations for these patterns.Main conclusionsSoil nitrogen enrichment amplifies the diverging trends of herbivorous insects feeding on nitrophilous versus nitrophobous plants through differential plant–herbivore interactions, causing predictable changes in community composition at higher trophic levels. A positive foliar nitrogen–insect body size relationship, now empirically supported, is the integrating link within this cascade. As nitrogen deposition is a global driver, our model suggests that a major future trend may be an increased dominance of insects that are large, dispersive, multivoltine, dietary generalists or specialized on nitrophilous plant species at the expense of species preferring oligotrophic environments.
What do we know about fashion adoption groups? A proposal and test of a model of fashion adoption
Authors: Workman Jane E. , Lee Seung‐Hee 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to identify gaps in the literature and inconsistencies between empirical data and Rogers' diffusion of innovations model originally outlined in 1962; (2) to propose a model of fashion adoption; and (3) to conduct an empirical test of the proposed model. The proposed model varies from Rogers' model as follows: four (vs. five) ideal‐type adopter groups with unique names and clear operational definitions; proportional distribution of consumers among groups; clear method of statistically identifying group members; categorization based on fashion innovativeness and opinion leadership; and standard procedure for identifying groups based on mean and standard deviation. The proposed model offers greater precision and provides results that are comparable across studies. The model was analyzed empirically using four methods of categorizing participants into fashion adoption groups (independent variable) and fashion involvement as the dependent variable. Participants in the study were 309 students from two universities. The analysis using the proposed model provided clear‐cut results that supported the hypothesis that higher levels of consumers' fashion involvement increased the probability of earlier adoption. Results from the other three analyses were not as clear‐cut. Based on the model for fashion adoption presented in this paper, the foundation is primed for development of a theory of fashion adoption. The proposed model offers a solution to the problem of identifying fashion adoption groups, plus, the solution achieves the desired effect with the simplest effort and is undertaken with appropriate methods.
Employer attitudes towards refugee immigrants: Findings from a Swedish survey
Authors: LUNDBORG Per , SKEDINGER Per 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBased on a large‐scale survey of Swedish firms, the authors identify significant heterogeneity in their attitudes towards refugee hiring, job performance, wage setting and discrimination, though experience of employing refugees reduces negative attitudes. Firms’ reasons for discontinuing their employment of refugees are not related to discrimination by staff or customers, but rather to refugees’ suboptimal job performance. While the majority of firms do not regard the collectively agreed minimum wages as an important obstacle to the hiring of refugees, firms with a large share of refugees on the payroll report that reducing those wage rates would enhance employment substantially.
A qualitative meta‐synthesis: public health nurses role in the identification and management of perinatal mental health problems
Authors: Noonan Maria , Galvin Rose , Doody Owen , Jomeen Julie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimTo report findings of a systematic review and meta‐synthesis of qualitative studies exploring public health nurses’ perceptions and experiences of identifying and managing women with perinatal mental health (PMH) problems.BackgroundPublic health nurses play a key role in supporting women who experience PMH problems and several qualitative studies have explored their role.DesignSystematic review and meta‐synthesisData sourcesA comprehensive search was developed and multiple databases were searched from 2000–2015.Review methodsStudies that employed qualitative methods to explore experiences of public health nurses in identifying and managing women with PMH problems were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of studies. Themes, concepts and interpretations were extracted and synthesized using the process of thematic analysis.ResultsFifteen papers including 14 unique qualitative studies were included. Two overarching themes were identified: ‘conceptualization and detection of PMH problems’ and ‘barriers and facilitators to management’. The former of these comprised several subthemes including the use of formal screening tools vs. clinical intuition and challenges encountered in detection. The latter theme, barriers to management included availability of referral pathways and time. In terms of facilitators, training, public health nursing interventions, support groups and referral pathways were identified as factors that optimize management.ConclusionsPublic health nurses use a variety of methods to identify women with PMH problems. However, several support structures are needed to optimize management including access to appropriate referral pathways, support groups and relationship continuity.
A randomized controlled trial of a home‐based training programme to decrease depression in family caregivers of persons with dementia
Authors: Kuo Li‐Min , Huang Huei‐Ling , Liang Jersey , Kwok Yam‐Ting , Hsu Wen‐Chuin , Su Pei‐Ling , Shyu Yea‐Ing L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore distinct trajectories of caregivers’ depressive symptoms and the effects of a training programme on these trajectories over 18 months after the programme.BackgroundOverall effects of caregiver‐training programmes on family caregivers’ depressive symptoms have been reported, but few studies explored distinct courses of changes in caregivers’ depressive symptoms and followed up intervention effects on these distinct courses.DesignRandomized clinical trial.MethodsFamily caregivers (n = 116) were randomly assigned into experimental (n = 57) and control (n = 59) groups. The experimental group received the training programme with telephone consultation and the control group received written educational materials and social telephone follow‐ups. Caregivers’ depressive symptoms were assessed from June 2009 – March 2012 by self‐completed questionnaires before, at 2 weeks and 3, 6, 12 and 18 months after the intervention. Groups of individual trajectories were distinguished using group‐based trajectory modelling.ResultsCaregivers’ depressive symptoms fell into three stable trajectories: non‐depressed, mildly blue and depressed. After controlling for covariates, caregivers who received the caregiver‐training programme were less likely than those who did not experience persistent depressive symptoms (b = −1·92, odds ratio = 0·15, P < 0·05).ConclusionDepressive symptoms of family caregivers of persons with dementia were relatively stable and followed three distinct courses: non‐depressed, mildly blue and depressed. Therefore, caregivers’ depressive symptoms should be assessed as early as possible. Caregivers in the experimental group had a lower probability of persistent depressive symptoms than caregivers in the control group. Therefore, this training programme can be used by healthcare providers for persons with dementia and their caregivers. Trial registration number: NCT02667951.