bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
11-Beta Dehydrogenase Type 2 Activity Is Not Reduced in Treatment Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Ghazi Lama , Dudenbostel Tanja , Hachem Maria El , Siddiqui Mohammed , Lin Chee Paul , Oparil Suzanne , Calhoun David A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Decreased renal 11-beta dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) activity, as reflected by an increased urinary free cortisol to cortisone ratio (UFF/UFE), is associated with having hypertension (HTN). The current study was conducted to determine if reduced 11β-HSD2 activity is also associated with having resistant HTN.

METHOD
We evaluated 55 consecutive patients with RHTN, defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg despite using ≥3 antihypertensive medications including a diuretic, and 38 patients whose BP was controlled on ≤3 medications to serve as a non-RHTN comparator group. All patients underwent biochemical evaluation, including measurement of 24-hour urinary UFF/UFE.

RESULTS
The 2 study groups had similar demographic characteristics. Systolic, diastolic BP, and number of antihypertensive medications were greater in patients with uncontrolled RHTN vs. the control group (167.5 ± 28.2/91.2 ± 18.8 vs. 126.6 ± 11.4/77.8 ± 8.65 mm Hg and 4.31 ± 1.23 vs. 2.74 ± 0.6, respectively). The 24-hour UFF was 13.6 ± 11.8 vs. 14.3 ± 10.7 µg/24 h and UFE was 64.9 ± 36.3 vs. 76.1 ± 44 µg/24 h such that the UFF/UFE was 0.22 ± 0.16 vs. 0.19 ± 0.09 in RHTN vs. the control group. This ratio was not associated to age, race, gender, and body mass index.

CONCLUSION
An elevated UFF/UFE was not present in this large cohort of patients with uncontrolled RHTN. This suggests that reduced conversion of cortisol to cortisone does not contribute to the development of RHTN.
A powerful and efficient two-stage method for detecting gene-to-gene interactions in GWAS
Authors: Pecanka Jakub , Jonker Marianne A. ,   International Parkinson’S Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC), Bochdanovits Zoltan , Van Der Vaart Aad W. 
Published: January 2017

Summary
For over a decade functional gene-to-gene interaction (epistasis) has been suspected to be a determinant in the “missing heritability” of complex traits. However, searching for epistasis on the genome-wide scale has been challenging due to the prohibitively large number of tests which result in a serious loss of statistical power as well as computational challenges. In this article, we propose a two-stage method applicable to existing case-control data sets, which aims to lessen both of these problems by pre-assessing whether a candidate pair of genetic loci is involved in epistasis before it is actually tested for interaction with respect to a complex phenotype. The pre-assessment is based on a two-locus genotype independence test performed in the sample of cases. Only the pairs of loci that exhibit non-equilibrium frequencies are analyzed via a logistic regression score test, thereby reducing the multiple testing burden. Since only the computationally simple independence tests are performed for all pairs of loci while the more demanding score tests are restricted to the most promising pairs, genome-wide association study (GWAS) for epistasis becomes feasible. By design our method provides strong control of the type I error. Its favourable power properties especially under the practically relevant misspecification of the interaction model are illustrated. Ready-to-use software is available. Using the method we analyzed Parkinson’s disease in four cohorts and identified possible interactions within several SNP pairs in multiple cohorts.
Information needs of generalists and specialists using online best-practice algorithms to answer clinical questions
Authors: Cook David A , Sorensen Kristi J , Linderbaum Jane A , Pencille Laurie J , Rhodes Deborah J 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjective: To better understand clinician information needs and learning opportunities by exploring the use of best-practice algorithms across different training levels and specialties.Methods: We developed interactive online algorithms (care process models [CPMs]) that integrate current guidelines, recent evidence, and local expertise to represent cross-disciplinary best practices for managing clinical problems. We reviewed CPM usage logs from January 2014 to June 2015 and compared usage across specialty and provider type.Results: During the study period, 4009 clinicians (2014 physicians in practice, 1117 resident physicians, and 878 nurse practitioners/physician assistants [NP/PAs]) viewed 140 CPMs a total of 81 764 times. Usage varied from 1 to 809 views per person, and from 9 to 4615 views per CPM. Residents and NP/PAs viewed CPMs more often than practicing physicians. Among 2742 users with known specialties, generalists (N = 1397) used CPMs more often (mean 31.8, median 7 views) than specialists (N = 1345; mean 6.8, median 2; P &lt; .0001). The topics used by specialists largely aligned with topics within their specialties. The top 20% of available CPMs (28/140) collectively accounted for 61% of uses. In all, 2106 clinicians (52%) returned to the same CPM more than once (average 7.8 views per topic; median 4, maximum 195). Generalists revisited topics more often than specialists (mean 8.8 vs 5.1 views per topic; P &lt; .0001).Conclusions: CPM usage varied widely across topics, specialties, and individual clinicians. Frequently viewed and recurrently viewed topics might warrant special attention. Specialists usually view topics within their specialty and may have unique information needs.
The K2-ESPRINT project. VI. K2-105 b, a hot Neptune around a metal-rich G-dwarf
Authors: Narita Norio , Hirano Teruyuki , Fukui Akihiko , Hori Yasunori , Dai Fei , Yu Liang , Livingston John , Ryu Tsuguru , Nowak Grzegorz , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Sato Bun'ei , Takeda Yoichi , Albrecht Simon , Kudo Tomoyuki , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Palle Enric , Ribas Ignasi , Tamura Motohide , Van Eylen Vincent , Winn Joshua N. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We report on the confirmation that the candidate transits observed for the star EPIC 211525389 are due to a short-period Neptune-sized planet. The host star, located in K2 campaign field 5, is a metal-rich ([Fe/H] = 0.26 ± 0.05) G-dwarf (Teff = 5430 ± 70 K and log g = 4.48 ± 0.09), based on observations with the High Dispersion Spectrograph (HDS) on the Subaru 8.2 m telescope. High spatial resolution AO imaging with HiCIAO on the Subaru telescope excludes faint companions near the host star, and the false positive probability of this target is found to be &lt;10−6 using the open source vespa code. A joint analysis of transit light curves from K2 and additional ground-based multi-color transit photometry with MuSCAT on the Okayama 1.88 m telescope gives an orbital period of P = 8.266902 ± 0.000070 d and consistent transit depths of Rp/R⋆ ∼ 0.035 or (Rp/R⋆)2 ∼ 0.0012. The transit depth corresponds to a planetary radius of $R_{\rm p} = 3.59_{-0.39}^{+0.44}\,R_{\oplus }$, indicating that EPIC 211525389 b is a short-period Neptune-sized planet. Radial velocities of the host star, obtained with the Subaru HDS, lead to a 3 σ upper limit of 90 M⊕ (0.00027 M⊙) on the mass of EPIC 211525389 b, confirming its planetary nature. We expect this planet, newly named K2-105 b, to be the subject of future studies to characterize its mass, atmosphere, and spin–orbit (mis)alignment, as well as investigate the possibility of additional planets in the system.
The relationship between species richness and ecosystem variability is shaped by the mechanism of coexistence
Authors: Tredennick Andrew T. , Adler Peter B. , Adler Frederick R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTheory relating species richness to ecosystem variability typically ignores the potential for environmental variability to promote species coexistence. Failure to account for fluctuation-dependent coexistence mechanisms may explain observed deviations from the expected negative diversity–ecosystem variability relationship, and limits our ability to predict the consequences of future increases in environmental variability. We use a consumer-resource model to explore how coexistence via the temporal storage effect and relative nonlinearity affects ecosystem variability. We show that a positive, rather than negative, diversity–ecosystem variability relationship is possible when ecosystem function is sampled across a natural gradient in environmental variability and diversity. We also show how fluctuation-dependent coexistence can buffer ecosystem functioning against increasing environmental variability by promoting species richness and portfolio effects. Our work provides a general explanation for variation in observed diversity–ecosystem variability relationships and highlights the importance of conserving regional species pools to help buffer ecosystems against predicted increases in environmental variability.
Politicising the sustaining of water supply in Ireland – the role of accounting concepts
Authors: Jollands Stephen , Quinn Martin 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how the Irish Government mobilised accounting concepts to assist in implementing domestic water billing. While such is commonplace in other jurisdictions and is generally accepted as necessary to sustain a water supply, previous attempts were unsuccessful and a political hot potato.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use an actor-network theory inspired approach. Specifically, the concepts of calculative spaces and their “otherness” to non-calculative spaces are used to analyse how accounting concepts were mobilised and the effects they had in the introduction of domestic water billing. The authors utilise publically available documents such as legislation, programmes for government, regulator publications, media reports and parliamentary records in the analysis over the period from 1983 to late 2014.FindingsThe analysis highlights how the implementation of domestic water billing involved the assembling of many divergent actors including the mobilisation of accounting concepts. Specifically the concept of “cost” became a contested entity. The government mobilised it in a conventional way to represent the resourcing of the water supply. Countering this, domestic water users associated “cost” with a direct impact on their own resources and lives. Thus, an entity usually associated with the economic realm was embroiled in political processes, with much of what they were supposed to represent becoming invisible. Thus the authors observed accounting concepts being mobilised to support the gaining of a specific political ends, the implementation of domestic billing, rather than as part of the means to implement a sustainable water supply within Ireland.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has some limitations, one being the authors draw on secondary data. However, the research does provide a detailed base from which to continue to study a new water utility over time.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates the complications that can occur when accounting concepts are associated with gaining of a political ends rather than as a means in the process of trying to achieve a sustainable water supply. Further, the process saw the creation of a new utility, which is a rare occurrence in the developed world, and a water utility even more so; this study demonstrates the role accounting concepts can have in this creation.
Constructing audit society in the virtual world: the case of the online reviewer
Authors: Jeacle Ingrid 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Online user reviews have increasingly become a popular means by which the lay person can both procure advice and offer personal opinions. Amazon, the electronic retail giant, is a prominent example of a site which hosts such user generated content; the opinions of its repository of reviewers have become an important source of assurance provision. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that Amazon provides an example of how audit logics have entered new spaces. In Amazon, the author witnesses the construction of auditability in the virtual world. This may explain the popularity and authority seemingly enjoyed by user reviews.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses the methodological approach of netnography (Kozinets, 2002). This new methodology has emerged in order to undertake ethnographic research within virtual communities. Applying this methodology to the case of Amazon involved becoming familiar with the operational features of the site and analysing its textual discourse.

Findings
The paper identifies in Amazon, Power’s (1996) three examples of how auditability is invoked: through rhetorics of measurability, auditable systems of control, and reliance on experts. The paper therefore argues that online user reviews are reflective of the extension of audit society into the virtual world.

Originality/value
The paper explores the possibilities of the virtual world for accounting research, a world which is an increasingly prominent feature of popular culture. In addition, the paper responds to recent calls to examine the processes of assurance provision beyond the traditional domain of financial audit.
Employee expectations and intrinsic motivation: work-related boredom as a mediator
Authors: Gkorezis Panagiotis , Kastritsi Aikaterini 
Published: January 2017

PurposeResearchers have long recognized that employee expectations play an important role in determining their levels of motivation. However, less is known about the relationship between newcomers’ expectations about their job and intrinsic motivation. Even more, there is limited empirical research on the underlying mechanisms that explain this relationship. Given the recent resurgence of interest concerning the construct of work-related boredom and drawing on several theoretical frameworks, the purpose of this paper is to address this gap by examining the mediating role of work-related boredom in the linkage between newcomers’ expectations and intrinsic motivation.Design/methodology/approachThe current study utilized a snowball approach in order to garner a diverse sample of newcomers. To examine the present hypotheses, bootstrapping analysis and Sobel test were used.FindingsThe results showed that unmet expectations enhance work-related boredom which in turn affects intrinsic motivation.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the cross-sectional and mono-source design of the study, the results may suffer from causality and common method variance issues.Originality/valueThe present study provides novel insights into the psychological mediating mechanisms that explain the relationship between newcomers’ expectations about their job and their intrinsic motivation.
Multidimensional entrepreneurial intent: an internationally validated measurement approach
Authors: Valliere Dave 
Published: January 2017

PurposeEntrepreneurial intent (EI) is a foundational construct in theories of entrepreneurship. But three challenges currently threaten the author’s ability to accurately measure EI. First, previous measurement approaches have confounded EI with closely related but theoretically distinct constructs such as attitudes and beliefs about entrepreneurship. Second, they have treated EI as an “all-or-nothing” decision, without reflecting the step-wise commitment of the entrepreneuring process. And finally, much of past EI research has been done in Western developed countries without validation in a diverse international context in which unstated assumptions about the EI construct may not hold. The purpose of this paper is to report on the development of a new EI scale that addresses these issues.Design/methodology/approachNested structural equation modelling is used to develop and validate a novel scale for measuring EI in international contexts, based on data from 998 respondents in eight countries.FindingsA two-dimensional substructure to the EI construct is revealed as especially apparent in non-Western countries. Based on this, a new 11-item scale is proposed and validated.Research limitations/implicationsPrevious studies utilizing the EI construct may be biased by its imprecise measurement and confounding by other constructs in the nomological net. The present study provides new insight into the nature of the EI construct and a novel instrument for measuring it without bias. The discovered two-dimensional structure for EI measurement may also have implications for theorists interested in antecedents and effects of EI.Practical implicationsAccurate measurement of EI is essential to developing and targeting policies to effect changes in national entrepreneurship. Previous measurements may therefore have contributed to misstatement of policy objectives and allocation of national resources.Originality/valueThis research provides a validated method of measuring EI without the serious confounds of previous scales, and that is robust to a wide range of international settings. It also provides new insight into a two-dimensional substructure to the EI construct that has not been observed in previous studies.
Experiences from the teacher-researcher’s perspective on learning study
Authors: Johansson Patrik , Thorsten Anja 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss experiences, in terms of challenges and opportunities, of teacher-researchers who engage in research on the learning study approach. The following two questions will be addressed: how can the teaching experience influence, and become an asset, in the research process and what challenges do teachers face when they enter the research practice?

Design/methodology/approach
Each question will be explored through some empirically grounded themes. The analysis is based on experiences from participation in a PhD program, where learning study was used as a method and variation theory was the main theoretical framework. One learning study was focusing on creative writing in primary school and the other was focusing on historical primary source analysis in upper secondary school.

Findings
The first question is addressed through the following themes: choosing and identifying research problems; planning and conducting research lessons; analyzing research lessons and students’ learning; and process of self-reflection, and the second question through: teaching as an object of research; to use and develop theories; and communication and review in research. The findings indicate that learning study is a practice-based research approach where teaching experience and academic skills are intertwined in many ways. Both approaches bring opportunities as well as challenges.

Originality/value
The paper is expected to contribute insights and knowledge about the advantages, as well as hindrances to overcome, for teacher-researchers who use learning study as a research method. The results can also be related to the performing of action research in teachers’ classroom practice.
Editorial review
Authors: Elliott John 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discern and discuss links and connections between the ideas and insights contained in the articles published in Issue 6.2, in a way which portrays the key features of lesson study in an international context, its conceptual relationship with the ideas of Lawrence Stenhouse, and its analytic potential to effect pedagogical transformation in a global context.

Design/methodology/approach
To create a basis for a fruitful discussion about the critical features of Lesson and Learning Studies as it globalises between readers and the authors of the eight texts published, three of which are authored by practicing school teachers.

Findings
The author pinpoints four critical implementation issues that should provide a focus for further deliberation about how to realise the potential of lesson and learning studies for improving the quality of teaching and learning in educational institutions. These are: developing methods of analysis that disrupt and challenge the cultural scripts that shape teaching and learning in educational institutions; developing conditions and support systems that enable teachers not only to develop their practice through lesson and learning study, but also to participate in the development of theories that can powerfully inform such study; creating sustainable programmes of high-quality lesson and learning studies in educational institutions when they may stand in a state of tension with the prevailing organisational culture; and exploring the potential of creative methodological mixes, using both qualitative and quantitative research methods, for improving the quality of teaching and learning through lesson and learning study.

Originality/value
This editorial review provides a criterial framework for evaluating the quality of programmes of lesson and learning studies in educational institutions.
Energy challenges: isolating results due to behavior change
Authors: Boulton Kelly , Pallant Eric , Bradshaw-Wilson Casey , Choate Beth , Carbone Ian 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Approximately 700 colleges and universities have committed to climate neutrality, which will require significant reductions in energy consumption. This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of an Annual Energy Challenge in curtailing electricity use by changing consumption behaviors at one liberal arts college.

Design/methodology/approach
From 2010 to 2014, Allegheny College (Meadville, PA, USA) ran four-week energy challenges. Electricity consumption was measured and compared to a baseline year of 2008. An alternate baseline, more granular data for 20 sub-metered buildings and historic utility bill consumption trends were further analyzed to identify any persisting change and understand the impact of behavior change separate from efficiency retrofits, changes in population and normal seasonal shifts.

Findings
Electricity consumption during the challenge period dropped an average of 9 per cent compared to the 2008 baseline and 6 per cent compared to the baseline of the 4 weeks preceding each challenge. Consumption trends changed in the years during challenge implementation compared to the years before engaging the campus community. All analyses reinforce that the challenge reduces electricity consumption. However, results must be analyzed in multiple ways to isolate for behavior change.

Practical implications
The analyses used to isolate energy challenge results due to behavior change are replicable at other institutions and would allow campuses to compare results and share proven strategies.

Originality/value
While many campuses organize energy challenges, few have published details about the results both during the challenge and continuing afterwards. Nor has a research explored the need to put results into contexts such as natural seasonal trends to isolate the impacts of behavior change.