bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allograft biopsy findings in patients with small bowel transplantation
Authors: Koo Jamie , Dawson David W. , Dry Sarah , French Samuel W. , Naini Bita V. , Wang Hanlin L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this study, we sought to determine the incidence of post‐transplant complications including acute cellular rejection (ACR), infection, and post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in mucosal allograft biopsies in patients with small bowel transplant at our institution. We retrospectively reviewed pathology reports from 5675 small bowel allograft biopsies from 99 patients and analyzed the following: indications for biopsy, frequency and grade of ACR, the presence of infectious agents, results of workup for potential PTLD, results of C4d immunohistochemistry (IHC), features of chronic mucosal injury, and findings in concurrent native bowel biopsies. Findings from 42 allograft resection specimens were also correlated with prior biopsy findings. Indeterminate, mild, moderate, and severe ACR were seen in 276 (4.9%), 409 (7.2%), 100 (1.8%), and 207 (3.6%) of biopsies, respectively. Although ACR may show histologic overlap with mycophenolate mofetil toxicity, we found the analysis of concurrent native bowel biopsies to be helpful in this distinction. Adenovirus was the most common infectious agent seen (11%), and we routinely performed adenovirus IHC on biopsies. Eighteen patients (18%) developed PTLD, 83% of which were EBV associated, but only 28% of PTLD cases were diagnosed on mucosal allograft biopsies. C4d IHC did not correlate with the presence of donor‐specific antibodies in limited cases.
Attitudes toward organ donation among waitlisted transplant patients: results of a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Merola Jonathan , Pei Kevin Y. , Rodriguez‐Davalos Manuel I. , Gan Geliang , Deng Yanhong , Mulligan David C. , Davis Kimberly A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOrgan shortage remains a major barrier to transplantation. While many efforts have focused on educating the general population regarding donation, few studies have examined knowledge regarding donation and donor registration rates among waitlisted candidates. We aimed to determine waitlisted patients' willingness to donate, elucidate attitudes surrounding organ allocation, and identify barriers to donation. A cross‐sectional survey was distributed to assess demographics, knowledge regarding organ donation, and attitudes regarding the allocation process. Responses from 225 of 579 (39%) waitlisted patients were collected. Seventy‐one respondents (32%) were registered donors, while 64 patients (28%) noted no interest in participating in donation. A total of 19% of respondents felt their medical treatment would change by being a donor, while 86 patients (38%) felt their condition precluded them from donation. Forty patients (18%) felt they should be prioritized on the waitlist if they agreed to donate. A minority of patients (28%) reported discussion of organ donation with their physician. Waitlisted candidates constitute a population of willing, although often unregistered, organ donors. Moreover, many endorse misconceptions regarding the allocation process and their donation eligibility. In a population for which transplantation is not always possible, education is needed regarding organ donation among waitlisted patients, as this may enhance donation rates.
Macroevolution of perfume signalling in orchid bees
Authors: Weber Marjorie G. , Mitko Lukasz , Eltz Thomas , Ramírez Santiago R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTheory predicts that both stabilising selection and diversifying selection jointly contribute to the evolution of sexual signalling traits by (1) maintaining the integrity of communication signals within species and (2) promoting the diversification of traits among lineages. However, for many important signalling traits, little is known about whether these dynamics translate into predictable macroevolutionary signatures. Here, we test for macroevolutionary patterns consistent with sexual signalling theory in the perfume signals of neotropical orchid bees, a group well studied for their chemical sexual communication. Our results revealed both high species‐specificity and elevated rates of evolution in perfume signals compared to nonsignalling traits. Perfume complexity was correlated with the number of congeners in a species’ range, suggesting that perfume evolution may be tied to the remarkably high number of orchid bee species coexisting together in some neotropical communities. Finally, sister‐pair comparisons were consistent with both rapid divergence at speciation and character displacement upon secondary contact. Together, our results provide new insight into the macroevolution of sexual signalling in insects.
Retinal structure and function in vigabatrin‐treated adult patients with refractory complex partial seizures
Authors: Sergott Robert C. , Johnson Chris A. , Laxer Kenneth D. , Wechsler Robert T. , Cherny Katya , Whittle JoAnn , Feng Ge , Lee Deborah , Isojarvi Jouko 
Published: September 2016

SummaryObjectiveEvaluate visual‐field and retinal‐structure changes following adjunctive vigabatrin treatment in vigabatrin‐naive adults with refractory complex partial seizures (rCPS).MethodsProspective, longitudinal, single‐arm, open‐label study (NCT01278173). Eligible patients (≥2 seizures/month who failed ≥3 therapies) who could reliably perform perimetry (Humphrey automated static) and retinal‐structure assessment (spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography) prior to vigabatrin exposure. Following vigabatrin initiation, testing occurred within 1 month (reference) and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. End points included mean change from reference in mean deviation (dB) and average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, visual‐acuity changes from baseline, and number of patients who met predefined vision‐parameter changes at two (confirmed) or three (persistent) consecutive visits.ResultsSixty‐five of 91 screened patients received ≥1 vigabatrin dose (all‐patients‐treated set [APTS]); 55 had valid reference and ≥1 post–reference assessments (full‐analysis set [FAS]). Thirty‐six APTS patients with valid pre–/post–reference values completed all planned visits (per‐protocol set [PPS]). Thirty‐eight (59%) APTS patients completed the study; 27 (42%) withdrew (none for visual‐field changes); 32% and 15% had abnormally thin RNFL and abnormal visual acuity at baseline, respectively; 20% had abnormal central 30 degree visual fields in the reference period. No significant mean near visual‐field changes were observed (PPS); mean change in average RNFL thickness increased significantly (1‐year data: Left‐eye: 6.37 μm, confidence interval (CI) 4.66–8.09; right‐eye: 7.24 μm CI 5.47–9.01; PPS). No confirmed three‐line decreases in visual acuity (FAS) were observed; five patients had predefined confirmed/persistent visual‐field changes (FAS). All vision‐related adverse events were nonserious; the most common was vision blurred (9%).SignificancePrior to vigabatrin initiation, rCPS patients may already exhibit vision deficits. Up to 1 year of adjunctive vigabatrin treatment did not significantly change population near visual fields. Five patients met predefined visual‐field‐change criteria. RNFL thickening of unknown clinical significance was observed. Limitations include single‐arm, open‐label design; patients’ inability to perform ophthalmic/visual‐field examinations; and limited vigabatrin‐exposure duration.
Articular sagittal and medial parasagittal patellar fracture repair using lag screws in two mature horses
Authors: Vautravers G. , Brandenberger O. , Vitte A. , Rossignol F. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis report describes the clinical experience with internal fixation of a sagittal and a medial parasagittal patellar fracture using lag screws. Severely displaced sagittal and medial parasagittal fractures of the patella were diagnosed in 2 horses (a 10‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding and a 5‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare) and were repaired using internal fixation. A direct approach through thefascia lataewas used. In both cases, the leg was placed in full extension and the fracture was corrected by a combination of digital manipulation and application of bone reduction forceps. Articular congruency was assured by arthrotomy and digital assessment, and radiographic skyline projection. Then, the leg was placed in flexion and two 5.5 mm cortical screws with washers were inserted in lag fashion, under radiographic guidance (skyline projection). In one case, an additional 6.5 mm cancellous screw was used. Both fractures healed without evidence of degenerative joint disease. However, the first horse's wound dehisced, then healed by second intention uneventfully. The second horse was put in a sling in order to prevent lying down. Both horses were able to be used for their intended purpose. In these clinical cases, sagittal and medial parasagittal patellar fractures were treated successfully by open reduction and internal fixation. Post‐operative management in a sling was used successfully in the second case to prevent wound dehiscence.
Which psychoactive substances are used by patients seen in the healthcare system in French overseas territories? Results of the OPPIDUM survey
Authors: Daveluy Amélie , Frauger Elisabeth , Peyrière Hélène , Moracchini Christophe , Haramburu Françoise , Micallef Joëlle 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAddiction to illicit substances or medicines is influenced by cultural, religious, ethnic factors as well as local availability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the profile of drug users and characteristics of the psychoactive substances used in French overseas territories, using data from the OPPIDUM survey. OPPIDUM is an annual, nationwide, multicentric, cross‐sectional study based on specialized care centres that included subjects presenting a drug addiction or under opiate maintenance treatment. The current study includes data from the 2012 and 2013 surveys and focuses on patients included by drug addiction centres located in French overseas departments and territories: French Pacific Ocean (French Polynesia, New Caledonia), French Americas (Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, French Guiana) and Reunion Island. Data from metropolitan France (2013 survey) were included as reference. Two hundred and forty‐five patients were included. The sex ratio was 3.7 for the Pacific Ocean, 3.5 for the French Americas and 3.3 for Reunion Island. Cannabis was consumed in all the territories, from 50.8% in Reunion Island to 81.7% in Pacific Ocean. Cocaine was most frequently consumed in the French Americas (61%), mainly in the ‘freebase’ form (91%), whereas 6.5% of cocaine users in metropolitan France did so. Problematic use of medicines was most frequent in Reunion Island. Heroin seems rarely used in all overseas territories. This study highlights the complexity of substances used in French overseas territories, which often differ from that in mainland France. The relative difference between different areas provides valuable information for future investigations and possible interventions.
Revealing the pathways by which agricultural land‐use affects stream fish communities in South Brazilian grasslands
Authors: Dala‐Corte Renato B. , Giam Xingli , Olden Julian D. , Becker Fernando G. , Guimarães Taís de F. , Melo Adriano S. 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Understanding mechanisms by which agricultural practices affect freshwater ecosystems helps to inform land‐use policies and management strategies aimed at mitigating effects of agriculture on biodiversity. Land‐use activities in the catchment, riparian and local scales likely influence stream fish communities via multiple pathways, for instance, by modifying the instream habitat.

We investigated the mechanisms driving local stream fish taxonomic richness and functional diversity in South Brazilian grasslands by testing a theoretical path model in which we specified a priori relationships predicting how land use at multiple scales affects instream habitat and fish communities.

Agricultural activities adjacent to streams (i.e. local impact on the streambank) and catchment‐scale cropland area were positively related to macrophyte cover and negatively associated with coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM, i.e. woody debris and leaf litter). Local impact also increased substrate siltation and homogenisation. Riparian vegetation in the upstream buffer ameliorated instream habitat condition by dampening macrophyte proliferation and providing CPOM.

Fish species richness increased with both macrophyte cover and CPOM, revealing multiple pathways of agricultural influence. However, functional diversity decreased only with substrate siltation, revealing a response to agricultural activities adjacent to sample sites. Agricultural streams showed a replacement of benthic and lithophilic species by a larger number of morphologically similar and macrophyte‐associated nektonic fish.

Our study indicates that land‐use adjacent to streams and upstream riparian zones is critical for maintaining taxonomically and functionally diverse fish communities due to their strong effects on instream habitat. Protection and recovery of riparian zones from land‐use change can mitigate the effects of agriculture on fish communities in South Brazilian grasslands.
Lessons from the fish: a multi‐species analysis reveals common processes underlying similar species‐genetic diversity correlations
Authors: Fourtune Lisa , Paz‐Vinas Ivan , Loot Géraldine , Prunier Jérôme G. , Blanchet Simon 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Species‐genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs) have been investigated over a large spectra of organisms, which has greatly improved our understanding of parallel processes potentially driving both species and genetic diversity. However, there are still few studies comparing SGDCs (and underlying processes) for multiple species sampled over a single landscape.

Here, focusing on freshwater fish sampled across a large river basin (the Garonne‐Dordogne river basin, France), we combined a multi‐species approach and causal analyses to (i) assess and compare both α‐SGDCs and β‐SGDCs among species, and (ii) infer processes underlying α‐SGDCs and β‐SGDCs. Genetic, intraspecific diversity was assessed for four sympatric fish (Barbatula barbatula, Gobio occitaniae, Phoxinus phoxinus and Squalius cephalus) using microsatellite markers. Species diversity was quantified as species richness using electric fishing, and environmental conditions were thoroughly described for 81 sites.

We found significant and moderate positive α‐SGDCs for all four fish species, whereas β‐SGDCs were weaker in strength and positively significant for two of the four species. Causal analyses identified two common variables (geographical isolation and area of available habitats) underlying the α‐SGDC relationships. Although weak, we found that β‐SGDC correlations related to a direct relationship between taxonomic and genomic differentiation, and to the common influence of the abiotic environment acting as a filter on both species and alleles.

Our study shows that similar ecological and evolutionary processes related to environmental filtering, migration, drift and colonisation history act for explaining both species and genetic diversity of fish communities.
Does Intelligence Affect Economic Diversification?
Authors: Kodila-Tedika Oasis , Asongu Simplice A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper extends the growing literature on knowledge economy by investigating the effect of intelligence on economic diversification. Using a battery of estimation techniques that are robust to endogeneity, we find that human capital has positive correlations with export diversification, manufactured added value and export manufactures. This empirical evidence is based on a world sample of 170 countries for the year 2010. The findings have significant implications for the fight against the Dutch disease. In essence, investing in human capital could bring economic diversity and therefore dampen negative external shocks related to resource-dependence. Other knowledge-economy implications are discussed.
Comprehensive behavioral study and proteomic analyses of CRMP2‐deficient mice
Authors: Nakamura Haruko , Yamashita Naoya , Kimura Ayuko , Kimura Yayoi , Hirano Hisashi , Makihara Hiroko , Kawamoto Yuko , Jitsuki‐Takahashi Aoi , Yonezaki Kumiko , Takase Kenkichi , Miyazaki Tomoyuki , Nakamura Fumio , Tanaka Fumiaki , Goshima Yoshio 
Published: September 2016

Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) plays a key role in axon guidance, dendritic morphogenesis and cell polarization. CRMP2 is implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, in vivo functions of CRMP2 remain unknown. We generated CRMP2 gene‐deficient (crmp2−/−) mice and examined their behavioral phenotypes. During 24‐h home cage monitoring, the activity level during the dark phase of crmp2−/− mice was significantly higher than that of wild‐type (WT) mice. Moreover, the time during the open arm of an elevated plus maze was longer for crmp2−/− mice than for WT mice. The duration of social interaction was shorter for crmp2−/− mice than for WT mice. Crmp2−/− mice also showed mild impaired contextual learning. We then examined the methamphetamine‐induced behavioral change of crmp2−/− mice. Crmp2−/− mice showed increased methamphetamine‐induced ambulatory activity and serotonin release. Crmp2−/− mice also showed altered expression of proteins involved in GABAergic synapse, glutamatergic synapse and neurotrophin signaling pathways. In addition, SNAP25, RAB18, FABP5, ARF5 and LDHA, which are related genes to schizophrenia and methamphetamine sensitization, are also decreased in crmp2−/− mice. Our study implies that dysregulation of CRMP2 may be involved in pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
HLA‐DQ gene polymorphisms are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B surface antigen in chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Ochi Yuka , Hashimoto Senju , Kawabe Naoto , Murao Michihito , Nakano Takuji , Kan Toshiki , Nakaoka Kazunori , Ohki Masashi , Kurashita Takamitsu , Takamura Tomoki , Nomura Sayuri , Nishikawa Toru , Fukui Aiko , Osakabe Keisuke , Ichino Naohiro , Yoshioka Kentaro 
Published: September 2016

AimGenome‐wide association studies have revealed that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DQ is associated with the clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We examined the effects of SNPs on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and markers of HBV in chronic HBV infection.MethodsThe SNPs of HLA‐DQ (rs2856718 and rs7453920) were determined in 299 patients with chronic HBV infection.ResultsIn 224 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative patients, those with rs2856718 genotype AG + GG had significantly lower hepatitis B core‐related antigen levels (P = 0.0184), less frequent treatment with nucleotide/nucleoside analogs (NAs) (P = 0.0433), and less frequent HCC development (P = 0.0256) than those with genotype AA. Multivariate analysis selected age (P = 0.0460), platelet count (P = 0.0481), γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (P = 0.0030), and nucleotide/nucleoside analog treatment (P = 0.0003) as factors independently associated with HCC development. HBeAg‐negative patients with rs7453920 genotype GG had significantly lower HBsAg levels (P < 0.0001), a higher prevalence of HBV genotype C (P = 0.0063), and a lower prevalence of the wild‐type basal core promoter region (P = 0.0045) than those with genotype AA + AG. Multivariate analysis selected age (P < 0.0001), platelet count (P = 0.0021), HBV DNA levels (P = 0.0314), wild type of precore region (P = 0.0015), and rs7453920 (P < 0.0001) as factors independently associated with HBsAg levels.ConclusionThis study revealed an association between rs2856718 and HCC development and an association between rs7453920 and HBsAg levels.
Reversal of tubo‐ovarian atypical epithelial patterns after cessation of ovarian stimulation by letrozole
Authors: Abdel‐Hamid Ahmed A.M. , Mesbah Yaser , Soliman Mona F.M. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryLetrozole (LTZ), one of the ovulation induction medications, is increasingly prescribed in various gynaecological conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated its potential hazardous effect on the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) as well as on tubal epithelial cells (TEC). However, it is not clear whether this effect could be reversed by LTZ cessation. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the effect of stoppage of LTZ on these cells after 12 cycles of ovarian stimulation. A total of 54 Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study, divided equally into control, LTZ12 and CES12 groups (received saline, 12 cycles of LTZ and 12 cycles of cessation post‐LTZ12 respectively). Samples from the ovaries as well as fallopian tubes (FTs) were studied histologically for the changes associated with LTZ12 and CES12 respectively. There was evident increase in the proliferative activity and Ki67 immunoexpression in the OSE of LTZ12. The OSE was hyperchromatic, and abnormally frequent deep invaginations, micropapillae and cortical cysts. Their TEC showed frequent multilayering, papillary projections and loss of cilia. Almost all these changes disappeared 12 cycles after LTZ cessation. While the tubal IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and serum MCP‐1 levels significantly increased in the LTZ12 group compared with the control group, their levels decreased in the CES12 group compared with those of the control. Therefore, the abnormal tubo‐ovarian epithelial patterns may completely regress after cessation of LTZ stimulation for a reasonable duration. This is a potentially good omen and a positive indicator of the relatively safe use of LTZ after its intake has been stopped.
Fell‐Muir Lecture: Regulatory mechanisms of skeletal and connective tissue development and homeostasis – lessons from studies of human disorders
Authors: Olsen Bjorn R. , Berendsen Agnes D. , Besschetnova Tatiana Y. , Duan Xuchen , Hu Kai 
Published: September 2016

SummaryStudies of proliferative hemangiomas have led to the discovery that interactions of endothelial cells with extracellular matrix and/or Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)‐A stimulate the expression of VEGFR1, the VEGF decoy receptor, and suppress VEGF‐dependent VEGFR2 signalling by a mechanism that requires the matrix‐binding receptor Anthrax Toxin Receptor (ANTXR)1, VEGFR2, β1 integrin and the Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT). In hemangioma endothelial cells, all these components are present, but are functionally compromised, so that the levels of VEGFR1 are extremely low and VEGFR2 signalling is constitutively active. Consequently, the levels of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)‐1α and its transcriptional targets, VEGF‐A and C‐X‐C motif chemokine 12 (CxCl12), are elevated and a positive VEGF‐A feedback loop is established. Overexpression of ANTXR1, carrying a heterozygous Ala‐to‐Thr mutation, induces hemangioma‐like signalling in control endothelial cells; VEGF signalling is normalized when wild‐type ANTXR1 is overexpressed in hemangioma cells. These findings suggest that ANTXR1 functions as a negative regulator of VEGF‐A signalling. Studies of a mouse model of the Growth Retardation, Alopecia, Pseudo‐anodontia and Optic Atrophy (GAPO) syndrome, caused by the loss‐of‐function mutations in ANTXR1, as well as knock‐in mice carrying the Ala‐to‐Thr ANTXR1 mutation, confirm that ANTXR1 functions as a suppressor of VEGF‐A signalling. Cutaneous endothelial cells isolated from ANTXR1‐deficient mice exhibit low levels of VEGFR1, elevated levels of VEGF‐A, HIF‐1α and CxCl12 and activated VEGFR2 signalling as in hemangioma. Increased numbers of myeloid cells in the skin of ANTXR1‐deficient mice are associated with reduced vascularity and increased skin fibrosis, suggesting a mechanism for hemangioma involution and replacement by fibrotic scars. Through controlling VEGF‐A signalling and extracellular matrix synthesis, ANTXR1 is emerging as a key regulator of skeletal and connective tissue development and homeostasis.