bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gobierno corporativo y poder desde la perspectiva de la teoría de agencia
Authors: Acosta Palomeque Galo Ramiro 
Published: January 2018

El presente estudio analiza el Gobierno Corporativo y el poder desde la perspectiva de la Teoría de la Agencia. En la década de 1990 e inicios del siglo XXI se presentaron escándalos financieros en grandes corporaciones, a pesar de que poco tiempo atrás tenían informes favorables de las auditoras externas; en este sentido, el estudio del Gobierno Corporativo y el Poder adquieren relevancia. El objetivo de la presente investigación es realizar un análisis de revisión documental de la relación entre el Gobierno Corporativo y el Poder desde las perspectivas de las teorías de agencia, servidor y redes. Este artículo es una investigación teórico-descriptiva de tipo documental. En los resultados obtenidos se presentan definiciones sobre el poder en las que se visualiza su evolución desde un enfoque mecanicista hacia la complejidad. La teoría de redes permite una mejor comprensión de las relaciones de poder entre las coaliciones internas y externas. El Buen Gobierno Corporativo regula las relaciones de poder entre directorio, accionistas, administradores y grupos de interés.Se analizaron dos modelos contrapuestos de gobierno corporativo, el Shareholders y Stakeholders. Finalmente, se concluye sobre la necesidad de un modelo iberoamericano adaptado a empresas con una concentración del capital accionario en pocas manos.
Interventions in the workplace to support breastfeeding for women
Authors: Albasri Zahra 
Published: January 2018

Support breastfeeding in work place have positive impact on the working mothers and their children, we all know the benefits of breastfeeding and few changes and support to the working mothers will help breastfeeding to continue. Workplace programs could help women to continue to breastfeed, and some programs may help women to initiate breastfeeding. By promoting and supporting the programs, employers may be able to influence the duration of breastfeeding (including exclusive breastfeeding) and so improve the health of mother and baby, but also benefit from less work absenteeism, high productivity and increased employee morale and retention.
Frequency of complication, outcome and immunization of patients presenting with measles in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Ameer Mussarat 
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Measles is a highly contagious, serious disease caused by a virus. The disease remains one of the leading causes of death among young children globally, despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. Objective: To describe the frequency of complication, outcome and immunization of patients presenting with measles in a tertiary care hospital. Method: this pilot study is being conducted in paediatric unit II, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi from April to December 2016 among patients presenting with measles. All patients who presented with signs and symptoms suggestive of measles according to WHO criteria were included. Data regarding demographic profile, duration of stay, clinical presentation, degree of malnutrition, complication and outcome was collected and analyzed. Result: A total of 106/900 (12%) hospitalized patients with/without complications were included in this study. Out of 106 patient, 55(52%) were male and 51(48%) were females, the age group range was 4 months to 9 year. Patients shifted to P.I.C.U were 20(19%) of which 5(5%) expired and 15 were shifted to paediatric ward. Majority of the patients were incompletely vaccinated 52(49%), unvaccinated 28(26%), and 26 (24%) were completely vaccinated. The most common complication was pneumonia; followed by acute gastroenteritis, encephalitis, conjunctivitis, croup, dysentery, stomatitis, pneumothorax. Majority of the patients Conclusion: Measles is still a serious threat to children in our population. The current study concluded that improving immunization and nutritional status in children is essential for reducing morbidity and mortality.
Case report on Tracheoesophageal Fistula with review of current literature
Authors: Khan Maria 
Published: January 2018

Major structural anomalies occur in 2-3% of live births all around the World. The reported global incidence of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is roughly 1 in 2,500 live births varying by region. In Pakistan, incidence is reported only by those tertiary care centers that have pediatric surgery facilities available, making it an underreported and often mismanaged condition. We report a case of esophageal atresia (EA), rectovaginal fistula and tracheoesophageal fistula associated with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) in an infant. The baby was 2 days old when she arrived at our center, born at 34 weeks, and weighed 2.3 kilograms. There was no significant antenatal history except that the mother was on antihypertensive drugs. The baby had an Apgar score of 3 and 4 at 1 and 5 minutes respectively, severe respiratory distress and cyanosis. Her chest examination revealed subcostal and intercostal recessions, bilateral crepitation and tachycardia at 180/minute. She was immediately put on ventilator and required frequent suctioning due to excessive secretion, developed abdominal distension, and had multiple episodes of desaturation and cyanosis. Complete blood picture showed leukocytosis and arterial blood gases signifying metabolic acidosis. Upon trying to pass to a catheter, baby passed stool through vagina. Contrast esophagogram showed evidence of distended stomach and proximal small bowel loops. No evidence of air was seen in the rectum. On passing the nasogastric tube into the esophagus, it curled on itself at D4 level with evidence of blind-ending proximal esophageal pouch that dilated with contrast medium. On 10th day of life baby’s condition deteriorated despite all efforts. Eventually she stopped breathing, her pupils dilated and all efforts to resuscitate her failed. This report highlights the importance of thorough clinical examination and availability of support facilities in a pediatric unit. TEF/EA should be suspected in any newborn who presents with respiratory distress, drooling, history of polyhydramnios with an inability to pass nasogastric tube. The parents should also be counselled as TEF/EA carries a 1% risk of recurrence.
Effect of high fiber breakfast cereal consumption at suhur on satiety and digestive symptoms during the month of Ramadan
Authors: Alkhatib Dana 
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Fasting during Ramadan involves large changes in daily eating patterns which strongly impacts the daily biorhythm, and challenges the regular function of the digestive tract. In the UAE, more than seven out of ten children and adolescents consume less fiber than recommended. A common problem reported during Ramadan is poor digestion health accompanied by an increase in the occurrence of constipation. Objective: To assess satiety, bowel habits, body composition, blood glycaemia, and blood lipidemia after the consumption of high fiber All Bran cereal at Suhur meal. Methodology: This research study is a controlled, randomized, parallel-design study. Subjects (n= 45) consumed either 90g of All Bran Raisins (11g/100g fiber) or 90g All Bran Flakes (15g/100g) at Suhur for 20 consecutive days compared with control group (n= 36). Results: After 20 days, significant differences were found for the intervention group for appetite, digestive symptoms and lipid outcomes. Fifteen minutes after Suhur, 100% of the high fiber intervention group (n=45) and 32% of the control group (n=36) experienced satisfaction after the meal. Eight hours later, 53% of the control group and 23% of the intervention group felt hungry. Bloating symptoms were significantly improved for intervention group compared to the control group and had improved bowel functioning (60.5%, 48.6%; P < 0.001, respectively). The high fiber group had significant higher fiber intakes: the control group stayed at 18.5g fiber per day while in the intervention group fiber intake increased from 18 to 25.5g fiber/day. There were no significant changes in body weight, % body fat, and BMI after 20 days for both groups. Moreover, cholesterol and LDL levels have increased significantly in the control group but were maintained in intervention group. Finally, there was no significant increase in blood glucose and triglycerides for the control group. Conclusions: There is a clear positive effect of consuming high fiber breakfast cereal on health and wellbeing during Ramadan with better satiety, improved bowel functions, and blood lipids. Increasing the intake of dietary fiber/day in Ramadan would have many health benefits for the people in the Arab Gulf countries. This research was funded and supported by Kellogg EMEA.
Making the birth experience safer for everybody audit to determine knowledge retention in shoulder dystocia training: 2014 - 2015
Authors: Roake Tracy 
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Corniche is a tertiary referral hospital with an iconic presence in the community of Abu Dhabi. Since opening in 1977, 1,200 employees representing 60 nationalities support more than 8,000 births annually. The authors conducted an audit to determine the retention of knowledge within a multidisciplinary multi-cultural team in relation to PROMPT 2 shoulder dystocia training. Hypothesis: Organizations that have multi-cultural teams, should apply annual training due to inconstant knowledge retention levels. A pre audit was conducted over a 12 month period using an audit tool. Clinicians demonstrated 3 skills prior to the training, thereafter PROMPT training was provided on the same day. In 2015 a post audit was conducted over 12 month period, clinicians performed the same 3 skills. This study was conducted to determine the value of annual training for multi-cultural teams. Results: Hypothesis testing analysis using 2-sample T-test and Chi Square comparing the correct and incorrect method for the 3 skills, P value’s was determined as < 0, 05 indicating there is knowledge retention after a year interval of PROMPT 2 shoulder dystocia training. PROMPT training has contributed to reduce brachial plexus injury, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and term admissions to neonatal unit. Conclusion: Embedded knowledge is critical in healthcare practice. This study demonstrated that multidisciplinary multi-cultural team training is beneficial to knowledge retention when applied annually.
Knowledge of kindergarten and elementary school teachers regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at Qassim region
Authors: Almutairi Sami A. 
Published: January 2018

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders that manifest among children. Despite the fact that the teacher’s role is essential in the assessment and management of pupils with ADHD and the recommendation of participation of teachers for the success and efficiency of diagnoses and treatment, the vast majority of teachers have neither understanding nor knowledge of ADHD. Objectives: The current study explores the kindergarten and elementary school teachers’ knowledge regarding early detection and management of ADHD. Methods: Cross sectional survey using stratified random sampling technique was carried out in governmental and private elementary and Kindergarten schools in four cities of Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Results: The study included 1095 teachers, 711 (59.3%) did not get information about ADHD during undergraduate studies. Teachers’ overall ADHD knowledge mean was 21.7+5.5 out of 38 marks. Teachers with high qualification degree and kindergarten specialty scored 56.4% and 60.2% respectively. Teachers who attended conferences related to ADHD scored 64.5%, while teachers who read about ADHD or have been ever asked to diagnose/teach an ADHD student had 59.4% and 62.1% respectively. The level of ADHD knowledge perception showed that 76% of teachers were knowledgeable in relation to overall perception about ADHD. Conclusion: Teachers who have higher qualifications or training in identifying ADHD children scored higher in our study.
Autopercepción estética de la sonrisa en adultos Cuenca-Ecuador
Authors: Vásquez Ana Cristina 
Published: January 2018

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la Autopercepción de la Estética de la sonrisa en pacientes que acudieron a la atención Odontológica de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Fue un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal actual, se aplicó una encuesta a 250 pacientes de 18 a 70 años de ambos sexos que asistieron a la consulta odontológica de la clínica docente de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca en el periodo Marzo – Julio del 2017, misma que consto de 11 preguntas relacionadas a la estética dental. Se obtuvo como resultado que la autopercepción de la estética dental fue mayor para el sexo femenino en un 12% más al comparar con el sexo masculino, en donde los factores de mayor afección fueron el color de dientes, posición en la que se encuentran, tamaño y forma en un 41,29%, 29,03% y 22,58% respectivamente, los de menor afección fueron diastemas y edentulismo; las piezas dentales más relacionadas a la autopercepción de la estética de la sonrisa fueron los incisivos centrales superiores e inferiores. Así podemos decir que todos los pacientes examinados autopercibieron al menos un factor que afectó la estética de la sonrisa.
An Infrared Study of the Circumstellar Material Associated with the Carbon Star R Sculptoris
Authors: Hankins M. J. , Herter T. L. , Maercker M. , Lau R. M. , Sloan G. C. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star R Sculptoris (R Scl) is one of the most extensively studied stars on the AGB. R Scl is a carbon star with a massive circumstellar shell (M
shell ∼ 7.3 × 10−3 M
⊙) that is thought to have been produced during a thermal pulse event ∼2200 years ago. To study the thermal dust emission associated with its circumstellar material, observations were taken with the Faint Object InfraRed CAMera for the SOFIA Telescope (FORCAST) at 19.7, 25.2, 31.5, 34.8, and 37.1 μm. Maps of the infrared emission at these wavelengths were used to study the morphology and temperature structure of the spatially extended dust emission. Using the radiative-transfer code DUSTY, and fitting the spatial profile of the emission, we find that a geometrically thin dust shell cannot reproduce the observed spatially resolved emission. Instead, a second dust component in addition to the shell is needed to reproduce the observed emission. This component, which lies interior to the dust shell, traces the circumstellar envelope of R Scl. It is best fit by a density profile with n ∝ r

α
, where

and a dust mass of

. The strong departure from an r
−2 law indicates that the mass-loss rate of R Scl has not been constant. This result is consistent with a slow decline in the post-pulse mass loss that has been inferred from observations of the molecular gas.
Lectura y escritura a través del currículum: El modelo Reading to Learn
Authors: Blanco Fernández Juana María , Rodríguez-Miñambres Paloma 
Published: January 2018

<p>En las últimas décadas han proliferado los estudios y propuestas relacionadas con la escritura académica, la escritura para fines específicos y la enseñanza de la lengua asociada a la enseñanza de contenidos curriculares. Una de las razones ha sido la preocupación por mejorar los resultados académicos en pruebas estandarizadas; otra, el mejorar los resultados académicos del alumnado de diferentes culturas. Como hemos presentado en el monográfico, la propuesta del modelo <em>Reading to Learn</em> va más allá de respuestas inmediatas y explora las relaciones entre los sujetos y la lengua escrita teniendo en cuenta la finalidad de cada género en cada disciplina. En el dosier se presentarán algunos de los textos más representativos para conocer las bases teóricas generales relacionadas con la lectura y la escritura en diferentes disciplinas, las características particulares del Modelo <em>Reading to Learn</em> y algunos recursos disponibles asociados al mismo.</p>
Assessing the Quality of a University-Particularly its Teaching
Authors: Stake Robert E. , Arbesú García María Isabel , Contreras Pérez Gloria 
Published: January 2018

<p>Las universidades se constituyen en organizaciones complejas compuestas por estructuras semiautónomas y por un profesorado aún más autónomo. La tradición y las normas dirigen las actividades hacia la homogeneidad. Así y todo, la mayoría de administradores, profesores y alumnos gozan de un gran margen de libertad para desarrollar su trabajo. Vincent Tinto (1995) señala que es difícil identificar una cultura académica única, ya que existen diferentes culturas, diferentes prácticas de evaluación y diversidad de grupos en cuanto a profesores y alumnos. Abundan los procedimientos formales e informales de evaluación y todos ellos, individual y colectivamente, resultan insuficientes a la hora de generar una valoración completa de la calidad universitaria. La mejor comprensión de la calidad podemos encontrarla en aquellas personas con experiencia que atienden especialmente a los flujos de información que se dan en el campus y que rechazan los intentos por hacer de calificaciones y escalas superficiales elementos representativos de la calidad del conjunto o de alguna de sus partes. Quien más interés tiene en la evaluación, aunque pocas veces afronta con franqueza la calidad educativa, es la administración, que por supuesto necesita evaluaciones internas y externas. La evaluación de la enseñanza en el campus es un ejemplo especialmente cercano de la complejidad y de los métodos de evaluación, y constituye la referencia principal en este documento. La distinción entre evaluación formativa y sumativa es crítica, y la misma información rara vez sirve para ambas. Se dice que las estrategias del uso formativo de datos para mejorar la universidad son: la estrategia basada en objetivos, la basada en el déficit, la basada en un sector de estudio y la estrategia basada en el autoestudio, estrategias que se solapan y complementan, consiguiendo los mayores beneficios cuando se consigue poner en juego el potencial de la estrategia del autoestudio.</p>
La tutoría entre iguales: una experiencia del grado de pedagogía de la Universidad de Barcelona
Authors: Llanes Juan , Quiles-Fernández Emma , Noguera Elena 
Published: January 2018

<p>Este artículo desarrolla una experiencia de innovación en el marco del Plan de Acción Tutorial llevado a cabo en la Universidad de Barcelona, concretamente en la antigua Facultad de Pedagogía. A partir de la aprobación de un Proyecto de Innovación y Mejora Docente1, y junto a la Oficina de Aprendizaje y Servicio, durante el curso 2013-14 implementamos un programa de tutoría entre iguales entre estudiantes de primero y cuarto curso del grado de Pedagogía. La finalidad es que éstos últimos contribuyan a integrar y orientar a estudiantes recién llegados a la vida universitaria. Las actividades que se derivan de esta experiencia se enmarcan en la asignatura de primero Profesionalización y Salidas Laborales, una materia perteneciente al Practicumy de carácter obligatorio. El programa de tutoría entre iguales pretende no sólo acoger a estudiantes de primer curso, sino crear un proceso de acompañamiento continuado por parte de los coordinadores del programa y de los tutores de la asignatura de Practicum, a fin de mejorar la eficacia del propio Plan de Acción Tutorial. Todo ello, lo exponemos a través de diversas narrativas de los tutores, estudiantes, mentores y coordinadores del propio programa. A partir de ellas rescatamos la discusión del estudio y las propuestas de mejora que requieren los procesos de orientación y tutoría en la Facultad de la que formamos parte.</p><p> </p>
Efficacy of the Surgical Management of Amiodarone-induced Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Dickfos Marilla , Franz Robert 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Introduction
Amiodarone can be a life-saving medication; however, it can also cause amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT). Though rare, AIT is a complex and life-threatening side effect, which can cause significant cardiac dysfunction and lead to cardiac failure. Primary treatment is with thionamides, perchlorates, and steroids. However, a small subgroup does not respond and their cardiovascular function continues to deteriorate. This select group is referred for a semi-elective total thyroidectomy. Without surgical removal of their thyroid gland, these patients will continue to deteriorate, with a 30 to 50% mortality rate for those not operated on.

Aim
The aim of this case series was to assess for any indicators as to when these patients should be referred for total thyroidectomies and the efficacy of this method of treatment.

Materials and methods
A case series of patients with AIT treated with a total thyroidectomy from 1998 to 2015 was used to assess the efficacy of and indicators for surgery.

Results
Total thyroidectomy results in efficient and significant improvement in the patient's biochemistry and symptoms. The patient's symptoms and options for medical therapy have an influence on the duration of the trial of medical therapy.

Conclusion
Surgery is an effective and efficient treatment for AIT. However, there does not appear to be a specific indicator for when this treatment should be instigated. A case-by-case approach should be adopted when treating these complicated patients.

Clinical significance
Clinicians should see surgery as an effective and efficient treatment for AIT. The timing of surgery should be assessed on a case-by-case basis considering the patient's clinical status and therapeutic options and not as a last resort.

How to cite this article
Dickfos M, Franz R. Efficacy of the Surgical Management of Amiodarone-induced Thyrotoxicosis. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(3):79-87.
Primary Calcitonin-negative Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Özden Sabri , Colak Aysel , Saylam Baris , Cengiz Ömer 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Introduction
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the thyroid are rare tumors. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an exact NET of the thyroid gland, arising from the parafollicular cells (C cells). It has unique features like immunohistochemically and biochemically calcitonin positivity and amyloid deposits. In this case report, a rare thyroid tumor is presented, which has neuroendocrine staining properties and does not produce serum or cytoplasmic calcitonin.

Case report
The patient was a 45-year-old woman who underwent total thyroidectomy because of the countless multiple thyroid nodules and a suspicion about a nodule at the right lobe. On histopathological examination, there was a tumor in the left thyroid lobe that measured 0.4 cm. Tumor immunohistochemical staining was positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin A (neuroendocrine cell markers), and thyroglobulin (Tg), and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1; follicular cell markers). The staining was negative for calcitonin.

Conclusion
There are thyroid tumors that are calcitonin-negative and Tg-positive called calcitonin-negative NETs. Careful interpretation and distinction between MTCs are needed at these tumors because they may have different biologic behaviors, and calcitonin negativity makes follow-up of patients challenging.

How to cite this article
Özden S, Colak A, Saylam B, Cengiz Ö. Primary Calcitonin-negative Neuroendocrine Tumor. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(3):104-108.
Os desafios dos estudos sobre família no contexto muçulmano
Authors: Vanali Ana Crhistina 
Published: January 2018

Texto original «La légitimation par le droit ? Les défis du gouvernement de la famille en contexte musulman. Une comparaison Sénégal/Maroc», Critique internationale, vol. 73, Nº 4, 2016, p. 111-131. Disponível em https://www.cairn.info/revue-critique-internationale-2016-4-page-111.htm. Acesso 25.outubro.2017