bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Recovery After Hip Resurfacing and Rehabilitation
Authors: Benedetti Maria Grazia , Berti Lisa , Frizziero Antonio , Ferrarese Donata , Giannini Sandro 
Published: August 2016

Context:Surface replacement of the hip is aimed especially at active patients, and it seems to achieve optimal functional results in a short time if associated with a tailored rehabilitation protocol.Objective:To assess the functional outcome in a group of active patients after hip resurfacing.Design:Clinical measurement and controlled laboratory study in a case series.Setting:Gait-analysis laboratory.Participants:8 patients and a control group of 10 subjects.Interventions:Patients treated with Birmingham hip-resurfacing system and a tailored rehabilitation protocolMain Outcome Measures:Clinical assessment (Harris Hip Score [HHS]) and instrumented gait analysis including muscular electromyographic assessment. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at 3 and 9 mo follow-up after surgery.Results:HHS showed a significant increase from the baseline to 3- (P = .008) and 9-month (P = .014) follow-up; 5 patients returned to sport. Gait pattern in the presented case series of patients improved substantially 3 mo postoperatively, and minimal further changes were present 9 months postoperatively. Residual abnormalities of time-distance and hip-kinematics parameters were consistent with a slow gait. A complete restoration of the muscle-activation pattern during gait was achieved.Conclusion:Hip resurfacing associated with a rehabilitation protocol based on the characteristics of the implant provides excellent clinical and functional outcome, especially for very active patients.
Shoulder- and Back-Muscle Activation During Shoulder Abduction and Flexion Using a Bodyblade Pro Versus Dumbbells
Authors: Parry Joseph S. , Straub Rachel , Cipriani Daniel J. 
Published: August 2016

Context:The Bodyblade Pro is used for shoulder rehabilitation after injury. Resistance is provided by blade oscillations—faster oscillations or higher speeds correspond to greater resistance. However, research supporting the Bodyblade Pro’s use is scarce, particularly in comparison with dumbbell training.Objective:To compare muscle activity, using electromyography (EMG), in the back and shoulder regions during shoulder exercises with the Bodyblade Pro vs dumbbells.Design:Randomized crossover study.Setting:San Diego State University biomechanics laboratory.Participants:11 healthy male subjects age 19–32 y.Intervention:Subjects performed shoulder-flexion and -abduction exercises using a Bodyblade Pro and dumbbells (5, 8, and 10 lb) while EMG recorded activity of the deltoid, pectoralis major, infraspinatus, serratus anterior, and erector spinae.Main Outcome Measures:Average peak muscle activity (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction) was separately measured for shoulder abduction and flexion in the range of 85° to 95°. Differences among exercise devices were separately analyzed for the flexed and abducted positions using 1-way repeated-measures ANOVA.Results:The Bodyblade Pro produced greater muscle activity than all the dumbbell trials. Differences were significant for all muscles measured (all P < .01) except for the erector spinae during shoulder flexion with a 10-lb dumbbell. EMG activity for the Bodyblade Pro exceeded 50% of the MVIC during both shoulder flexion and abduction. For the dumbbell conditions, only the 10-lb trials approached this effect.Conclusions:Using a Bodyblade during shoulder exercises results in greater shoulder- and back-muscle recruitment than dumbbells. The Bodyblade Pro can activate multiple muscles in a single exercise and thereby minimize the need for multiple dumbbell exercises. The Bodyblade Pro is an effective device for shoulder- and back-muscle activation that warrants further use by clinicians interested in its use for rehabilitation.
The Effect of Weak Hip Abductors or External Rotators on Knee Valgus Kinematics in Healthy Subjects: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cashman Glenn E. 
Published: August 2016

Context:It has been postulated that subjects with weak hip abductors and external rotators may demonstrate increased knee valgus, which may in turn raise risk of injury to the lower extremity. Recent studies have explored the potential link between hip strength and knee kinematics, but there has not yet been a review of this literature.Objective:To conduct a systematic review assessing the potential link between hip-abductor or external-rotator strength and knee-valgus kinematics during dynamic activities in asymptomatic subjects.Evidence Acquisition:An online computer search was conducted in early February 2011. Databases included Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were English language, asymptomatic subjects, dynamometric hip-strength assessment, single or multicamera kinematic analysis, and statistical analysis of the link between hip strength and knee valgus via correlations or tests of differences. Data were extracted concerning subject characteristics, study design, strength measures, kinematic measures, subject tasks, and findings with regard to correlations or group differences.Evidence Synthesis:Eleven studies were selected for review, 4 of which found evidence that subjects with weak hip abductors or external rotators demonstrated increased knee valgus, and 1 study found a correlation to the contrary.Conclusions:There is a small amount of evidence that healthy subjects with weak hip abductors and perhaps weak external rotators demonstrate increased knee valgus. However, due to the variation in methodology and lack of agreement between studies, it is not possible to make any definitive conclusions or clinical recommendations based on the results of this review. Further research is needed.
Effects of a 4-Week Dynamic-Balance-Training Program Supplemented With Graston Instrument-Assisted Soft-Tissue Mobilization for Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Schaefer Jessica L. , Sandrey Michelle A. 
Published: August 2016

Context:A dynamic-balance-training (DBT) program supplemented with the Graston instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization (GISTM) technique has not been evaluated collectively as a treatment in subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI).Objective:To examine the effects of GISTM in conjunction with a DBT program on outcomes associated with CAI, including pain and disability, range of motion (ROM), and dynamic postural control.Design:Pretest/posttest, repeated measures.Setting:High school and a Division I mid-Atlantic university.Participants:Thirty-six healthy, physically active individuals (5 female, 31 male; age 17.7 ± 1.9 y; height 175.3 ± 14.6 cm) with a history of CAI as determined by an ankle-instability questionnaire volunteered to be in this study.Interventions:Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 intervention groups: both treatments (DBT/GISTM, n = 13), DBT and a sham GISTM treatment (DBT/GISTM-S, n = 12), or DBT and control—no GISTM (DBT/C, n = 11). All groups participated in a 4-wk DBT program consisting of low-impact and dynamic activities that was progressed from week to week. The DBT/GISTM and DBT/GISTM-S groups received the GISTM treatment or sham treatment twice a week for 8 min before performing the DBT program. Pretest and posttest measurements included the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), FAAM Sport, the visual analog scale (VAS), ankle ROM in 4 directions, and the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) in 3 directions.Main Outcome Measures:FAAM and FAAM-Sport scores, VAS, goniometric ROM (plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, eversion), and SEBT (anterior, posteromedial, posterolateral).Results:Subjects in all groups posttest demonstrated an increase in FAAM, FAAM Sport, ROM, and SEBT in all directions but not in VAS, which decreased. No other results were significant.Conclusion:For subjects with CAI, dynamic postural control, ROM, pain and disability improved pretest to posttest regardless of group membership, with the largest effects found in most measures in the DBT/GISTM group.
Psychological Predictors of Injury Occurrence: A Prospective Investigation of Professional Swedish Soccer Players
Authors: Ivarsson Andreas , Johnson Urban , Podlog Leslie 
Published: August 2016

Context:Athletes participating in sport are exposed to a high injury risk. Previous research has found a great number of risk factors (both physiological and psychological) that could increase injury risk.1 One limitation in previous studies is that few have considered the complex interaction between psychological factors in their research design.Objective:To study whether personality, stress, and coping predicted injury occurrence in an elite soccer population based on a hypothesized model.Design:Prospective.Participants:56 (n = 38 male, n = 18 female) Swedish Premiere League soccer players were selected based on convenience sampling.Intervention:Participants completed 4 questionnaires including the Swedish Universities Scales of Personality,2 Life Events Survey for Collegiate Athletes,3 and Brief COPE4 during the initial questionnaire administration. Subsequent to the first meeting, participants also completed the Hassle and Uplift Scale5 once per wk for a 13-wk period throughout the competitive season.Main Outcome Measures:A path analysis was conducted examining the influence of personality traits (ie, trait anxiety), state-level stressors (ie, negative-life-event stress and daily hassles), and coping on injury frequency.Results:Results of the path analysis indicated that trait anxiety, negative-life-event stress, and daily hassle were significant predictors of injury among professional soccer players, accounting for 24% of the variance.Conclusion:The findings highlight the need for athletes, coaches, and medical practitioners to attempt to reduce state-level stressors, especially daily hassles, in minimizing injury risk. Educating and training athletes and coaches in proactive stress-management techniques appears warranted.
The Effect of Sex and Age on Isokinetic Hip-Abduction Torques
Authors: Brent Jensen L. , Myer Gregory D. , Ford Kevin R. , Paterno Mark V. , Hewett Timothy E. 
Published: August 2016

Context:As high school female athletes demonstrate a rate of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury 3–6 times higher than their male counterparts, research suggests that sagittal-plane hip strength plays a role in factors associated with ACL injuries.Objective:To determine if gender or age affect hip-abductor strength in a functional standing position in young female and male athletes.Design:Prospective cohort design.Setting:Biomechanical laboratory.Participants:Over a 3-y time period, 852 isokinetic hip-abduction evaluations were conducted on 351 (272 female, 79 male) adolescent soccer and basketball players.Intervention:Before testing, athletes were secured in a standing position, facing the dynamometer head, with a strap secured from the uninvolved side and extending around the waist just above the iliac crest. The dynamometer head was positioned in line with the body in the coronal plane by aligning the axis of rotation of the dynamometer with the center of hip rotation. Subjects performed 5 maximum-effort repetitions at a speed of 120°/s. The peak torque was recorded and normalized to body mass. All test trials were conducted by a single tester to limit potential interrater test error.Main Outcome Measure:Standing isokinetic hip-abduction torque.Results:Hip-abduction torque increased in both males and females with age (P < .001) on both the dominant and nondominant sides. A significant interaction of gender and age was observed (P < .001), which indicated that males experienced greater increases in peak torque relative to body weight than did females as they matured.Conclusions:Males exhibit a significant increase in normative hip-abduction strength, while females do not. Future study may determine if the absence of similar increased relative hip-abduction strength in adolescent females, as they age, may be related to their increased risk of ACL injury compared with males.
Effects of Task-Specific Augmented Feedback on Deficit Modification During Performance of the Tuck-Jump Exercise
Authors: Stroube Benjamin W. , Myer Gregory D. , Brent Jensen L. , Ford Kevin R. , Heidt Robert S. , Hewett Timothy E. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are prevalent in female athletes. Specific factors have possible links to increasing a female athlete’s chances of suffering an ACL injury. However, it is unclear if augmented feedback may be able to decrease possible risk factors.Objective:To compare the effects of task-specific feedback on a repeated tuck-jump maneuver.Design:Double-blind randomized controlled trial.Setting:Sports-medicine biodynamics center.Patients:37 female subjects (14.7 ± 1.5 y, 160.9 ± 6.8 cm, 54.5 ± 7.2 kg).Intervention:All athletes received standard off-season training consisting of strength training, plyometrics, and conditioning. They were also videotaped during each session while running on a treadmill at a standardized speed (8 miles/h) and while performing a repeated tuck-jump maneuver for 10 s. The augmented feedback group (AF) received feedback on deficiencies present in a 10-s tuck jump, while the control group (CTRL) received feedback on 10-s treadmill running.Main Outcome Measures:Outcome measurements of tuck-jump deficits were scored by a blinded rater to determine the effects of group (CTRL vs AF) and time (pre- vs posttesting) on changes in measured deficits.Results:A significant interaction of time by group was noted with the task-specific feedback training (P = .03). The AF group reduced deficits measured during the tuck-jump assessment by 23.6%, while the CTRL training reduced deficits by 10.6%.Conclusions:The results of the current study indicate that task-specific feedback is effective for reducing biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injury. The data also indicate that specific components of the tuck-jump assessment are potentially more modifiable than others.
Incidence of Decreased Hip Range of Motion in Youth Soccer Players and Response to a Stretching Program: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: de Castro Jacqueline Vieira , Machado Karina Costa , Scaramussa Kelly , Gomes João Luiz Ellera 
Published: August 2016

Context:After years of focusing on the management of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, the most common soccer-related injuries, the orthopedic community has concluded that soccer players have a wide range of variation in joint biomechanics and has thus started to focus research efforts on the morphological factors that might contribute to ACL trauma. One such factor is decreased hip-rotation range of motion (ROM), which may be due to compensatory musculoskeletal changes occurring in response to longstanding soccer practice since childhood.Objective:This study sought to assess decreased hip rotation and the influence of stretching exercises on the behavior of the hip joint in players of the youth soccer categories of a Brazilian soccer team.Design:Randomized clinical trial.Setting:University hospital.Patients:262 male soccer players.Interventions:Subjects were randomly allocated into 2 groups—control or a stretching program.Main Outcome Measures:Subjects were reassessed after 12 wk.Results:The findings suggest that hip-rotation ROM decreases over the years in soccer players. In the study sample, adherence to a stretching program improved only external hip-rotation ROM in the nondominant limb.Conclusion:Playing soccer can restrict rotation ROM of the hip, and adherence to stretching exercises may decrease the harmful effects on the hip joints.
Change in Glenohumeral Rotation and Scapular Position After a Division I Collegiate Baseball Season
Authors: Thomas Stephen John , Swanik Charles B. , Swanik Kathleen , Kelly John D. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Pathologies such as anterior instability and impingement are common in baseball and have been linked to decreases in internal-rotation (IR) motion and concurrent increases in external-rotation (ER) motion. In addition, alterations to scapular upward rotation have been identified in this population.Objective:To measure glenohumeral (GH) IR and ER rotation, total range of motion (ROM), and scapular upward rotation throughout the course of a Division I collegiate baseball season.Design:Pretest to posttest study.Setting:Controlled laboratory setting.Participants:Thirty-one collegiate baseball players with no current shoulder or elbow injury completed this study.Intervention:Participants were measured for all dependent variables at preseason and postseason.Main Outcome Measures:GH IR and ER were measured supine with the scapula stabilized. Total GH ROM was calculated as the sum of IR and ER measures. Scapular upward rotation was tested at rest, 60°, 90°, and 120° of GH abduction in the scapular plane.Results:Overall, the dominant arm had significantly less GH IR and significantly more ER than the nondominant arm. The total motion on the dominant arm was significantly less than on the nondominant arm. No significant differences were observed from preseason to postseason for IR, ER, or total motion. Dominant-arm scapular upward rotation significantly decreased at 60°, 90°, and 120° of abduction from preseason to postseason.Conclusion:Collegiate baseball players presented with significant GH-motion differences (decreases in IR and increases in ER) in their dominant arm compared with their nondominant arm. There was also significantly less total motion on the dominant arm. After 12 wk of competitive Division I collegiate baseball, there were significant decreases in upward rotation over the season.
Return to Play in Elite Rugby Union: Application of Global Positioning System Technology in Return-to-Running Programs
Authors: Reid Laura C. , Cowman Jason R. , Green Brian S. , Coughlan Garrett F. 
Published: August 2016

Global positioning systems (GPS) are widely used in sport settings to evaluate the physical demands on players in training and competition. The use of these systems in the design and implementation of rehabilitation and return-to-running programs has not yet been elucidated.Objective:To demonstrate the application of GPS technology in the management of return to play in elite-club Rugby Union.Design:Case series.Setting:Professional Rugby Union club team.Participants:8 elite Rugby Union players (age 27.86 ± 4.78 y, height 1.85 ± 0.08 m, weight 99.14 ± 9.96 kg).Intervention:Players wore GPS devices for the entire duration of a club game.Main Outcome Measures:Variables of locomotion speed and distance were measured.Results:Differences in physical demands between playing positions were observed for all variables.Conclusions:An analysis of the position-specific physical demands measured by GPS provides key information regarding the level and volume of loads sustained by a player in a game environment. Using this information, sports-medicine practitioners can develop rehabilitation and return-to-running protocols specific to the player position to optimize safe return to play.
Test–Retest Reliability of Biodex System 4 Pro for Isometric Ankle-Eversion and -Inversion Measurement
Authors: Tankevicius Gediminas , Lankaite Donata , Krisciunas Aleksandras 
Published: August 2016

Context:The lack of knowledge about isometric ankle testing indicates the need for research in this area.Objective:to assess test–retest reliability and to determine the optimal position for isometric ankle-eversion and -inversion testing.Design:Test–retest reliability study. Isometric ankle eversion and inversion were assessed in 3 different dynamometer foot-plate positions: 0°, 7°, and 14° of inversion. Two maximal repetitions were performed at each angle. Both limbs were tested (40 ankles in total). The test was performed 2 times with a period of 7 d between the tests.Setting:University hospital.Participants:The study was carried out on 20 healthy athletes with no history of ankle sprains.Main Outcome Measures:Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1); minimal detectable change (MDC) was calculated using a 95% confidence interval. Paired t test was used to measure statistically significant changes, and P <.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Eversion and inversion peak torques showed high ICCs in all 3 angles (ICC values .87–.96, MDC values 3.09–6.81 Nm). Eversion peak torque was the smallest when testing at the 0° angle and gradually increased, reaching maximum values at 14° angle. The increase of eversion peak torque was statistically significant at 7 ° and 14° of inversion. Inversion peak torque showed an opposite pattern—it was the smallest when measured at the 14° angle and increased at the other 2 angles; statistically significant changes were seen only between measures taken at 0° and 14°.Conclusions:Isometric eversion and inversion testing using the Biodex 4 Pro system is a reliable method. The authors suggest that the angle of 7° of inversion is the best for isometric eversion and inversion testing.
Effect of Ankle Taping or Bracing on Creating an Increased Sense of Confidence, Stability, and Reassurance When Performing a Dynamic-Balance Task
Authors: Simon Janet , Donahue Matt 
Published: August 2016

Clinical Scenario:Ankle taping and bracing are commonly used to reduce the risk of sports-related ankle sprains. Mechanical- and neuromuscular-control facilitation has been the focus of their effectiveness. Another potential advantage to using ankle taping or bracing is an increased sense of confidence, stability, and reassurance that the individual may experience when performing a dynamic-balance activity. Since ankle sprains are one of the most common sport-related injuries treated by clinicians, treatment and prevention of these injuries is a priority for many health care providers. However, the psychological effects of taping or bracing on athletes are still unknown. Researchers have described athletes’ emotional responses and psychological reactions after athletic injuries. However, athlete reactions related to adhesive taping or bracing are limited. There is anecdotal evidence showing that football players stated they would tape a body part even if it was not injured as part of a superstitious pregame ritual. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to determine if individuals who have had their ankle taped or braced experience an increased sense of confidence, stability, or reassurance when performing a dynamic-balance activity.Focused Clinical Question:Does ankle taping or bracing create an increased sense of confidence, stability, and reassurance when performing dynamic-balance activity in physically active people?
Test-Retest Reliability of the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test: A Clinical Field Test
Authors: Goldbeck Todd G. , Davies George J. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Functional testing of patients is essential to clinicians because it provides objective data for documentation that can be used for serial reassessment and progression through a rehabilitation program. Furthermore, new tests should require minimal time, space, and money to implement.Purpose:To determine the test-retest reliability of the Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) Upper Extremity Stability Test.Participants:Twenty-four male college students.Methods:Each subject was tested initially and again 7 days later. Each subject performed 1 submaximal test followed by 3 maximal efforts. A 45-second rest was given after each 15-second test. The 2 maximal-test scores were averaged and compared with those from the retest.Results:The intraclass correlation coefficient was .922 for test-retest reliability. A paired-samples t test (.927) was conducted, and the coefficient of stability was .859. The results indicate that the CKC Upper Extremity Stability Test is a reliable evaluation tool.