bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Badania szkolnictwa wyższego w europie
Authors: Teichler Ulrich 
Published: April 2017

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest panoramiczne przedstawienie dorobku europejskich badań nad szkolnictwem wyższym. Autor szczegółowe analizuje kolejne etapu ich rozwoju, wskazuje najważniejsze prace i badaczy w polu, jak również instytucje, w których prowadzą swoje badania. Drobiazgowo przedstawia również główne obszary tematyczne badań szkolnictwa wyższego, jak również charakteruzje różne typy badaczy podejmujących się tego przedsięwzięcia. Artykuł zawiera także analizę uwarunkowań przyczyniających się do niewidoczności badań szkolnictwa wyższego prowadzonych poza obiegiem, jak również inicjatyw podejmowanych przez europejskich badaczy w celu ograniczenia negatywnych efektów tej niewidoczności poprzez komunikację i współpracę międzynarodową.
Lunar Composition and Lunar Light in Stoic Philosophy
Authors: Pinto Rhodes 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper attempts to reconstruct the Stoics’ theory (or theories) of the nature of the moon and its illumination from the fragmentary, and sometimes apparently conflicting, evidence. It reveals how the Stoics accounted for the distinctive characteristics of the moon by intricately utilising their mixture theory (especially κρᾶσις) and their elemental theory in their doctrines of the moon’s composition and the moon’s illumination. The evidence, I conclude, points to a singular, complex Stoic theory, one according to which the moon does not (as scholars have commonly supposed) have any light of its own. The details of this theory additionally furnish important new insights into the Stoic doctrines of κρᾶσις and πνεῦμα.
La comunicación periodística de la gastronomía en España en el primer tercio del siglo XX (1900-1936) / Journalistic Communication of Gastronomy in Spain During the First Third of the Twentieth Century (1900-1936)
Authors: Fernández Poyatos Mª Dolores , Aguirregoitia Martínez Ainhoa 
Published: April 2017

Durante el primer tercio del siglo XX, la gastronomía fue un tema de interés en la prensa española, que recogió abundantes noticias y artículos de notables cocineros como Ignacio Doménech y Teodoro Bardají, pero también de reconocidos periodistas y escritores –Dionisio Pérez, Pardo Bazán, Carmen de Burgos- que reivindicaron la defensa de la cocina nacional, abogaron por mejorar y ampliar la enseñanza culinaria doméstica y profesional y divulgaron asuntos de historia gastronómica e innovaciones y avances técnicos. En el presente trabajo se expone el análisis de la gastronomía en revistas ilustradas, semanarios y diarios de la época a través del catálogo online de la Biblioteca Nacional. Los resultados muestran, por una parte, el valor de la prensa como una fuente primordial para conocer la historia de la gastronomía en España en un período poco investigado y, paradójicamente, bastante reprobado; por otra, la abundancia de los documentos hallados, mucho de ellos inéditos, permite confirmar el importante movimiento gastronómico que hubo en España durante esos años.
Magnetita (Fe3O4): Una estructura inorgánica con múltiples aplicaciones en catálisis heterogénea
Authors: Carriazo Baños José Gregorio , Noval Lara Virginia Esperanza , Ochoa Puentes Cristian 
Published: April 2017

Se describió la intervención del mineral magnetita como catalizador o como soporte catalítico, un material inorgánico con una estructura de espinela inversa (FeFe2O4), en el desarrollo de un número importante de reacciones químicas de interés científico, tecnológico y ambiental. Debido a la necesidad actual de generar procesos químicos eficientes y favorables ambientalmente, la magnetita se ha convertido en un material promisorio en los contextos de la química verde, la química fina y la catálisis heterogénea. Este óxido de hierro se ha estudiado en diversas reacciones: catalizador másico, soporte catalítico de metales y de óxidos metálicos, núcleo de catalizadores tipo core-shell, o modificado mediante el anclaje de organocatalizadores y complejos metálicos. Se discute el desempeño catalítico de estos sistemas basados en magnetita, en reacciones de catálisis asimétrica, ambiental, ácido-base, de óxido-reducción, de síntesis multicomponente y de acoplamiento C-C. Particularmente, dichos catalizadores han mostrado enorme importancia en ciertas reacciones de tipo Sonogashira, Sonogashira–Hagihara, Mannich, Ullman, Knoevenagel, Suzuki-Miyaura y Fenton heterogénea, entre otras. Finalmente, se detallaron algunos usos tecnológicos de la magnetita en el contexto nacional (Colombia) y se intentó localizar geográficamente los depósitos importantes.
Modelling formulae of strawberry whey drinks of prophylactic application
Authors: Tkachenko N. , Nekrasov P. , Vikul S. , Honcharuk Ya. 
Published: April 2017

Expediency of the development of formulae and innovative technologies for production of prophylactic application drinks possessing antioxidant, probiotic and hepatoprotective properties with the use of the secondary dairy product – whey, as well as the domestic vegetable raw materials having a high content of bioactive substances has been substantiated.Formulation composition of the prophylactic drinks based on cheese whey, extract of Tagetes patula flowers and the berry filler “Strawberry” with the use of the response surface method has been developed. Bioactivity of the drinks and the complex quality indicator which accounts for the total influence of the bioactivity, organoleptic assessment and weight coefficients of the specified unit indicators were taken as the optimization criteria; as the independent factors that were varied in the course of the experiment, the mass fractions of the marigold flowers extract and the strawberries filler were selected. It is recommended that the mass fractions of the berry filler “Strawberry” and the extract of Tagetes patula flowers in the prophylactic drinks are set as 7 and 20 % of the finished product, accordingly. The practical mass fraction of the citric acid of 0.2 % was determined as it ensures high organoleptic characteristics of the finished drinks. Recommendations are given concerning development of innovative technologies of unfermented and fermented strawberry whey drinks of prophylactic application enriched with the extract of Tagetes patula flowers.
Assessment and comparison of 3 mortality prediction models SAPS II, APACHE II and SOFA for prediction of mortality in patients of sepsis
Authors: Sharma Shruti , Gupta Abhishek , Virmani Sunil Kumar , Lal Ritesh 
Published: April 2017

Background: Little is known about outcomes of patients admitted to the ICU with severe sepsis and septic shock, despite the seriousness of sepsis as a public health problem in developing countries. Understanding sepsis outcome studies is hampered by lack of an agreed severity of illness scoring system for sepsis patients. The objective of the present study is to assess and compare the validity of 3 mortality prediction models SAPS 2, APACHE II and SOFA for prediction of mortality in patients of sepsis.Methods: One hundred patients of Sepsis were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed consent was taken from the patients or their relatives A careful and detailed history was recorded to assess the onset and duration of clinical events and the probable risk factors for the same; a detailed general physical examination was performed. Blood sampling for CBC, RFT, LFT and arterial blood gas analysis was done. SAPS 2, APACHE II and SOFA scores were calculated on the day of admission.Results: The ROC analysis shows that the best discrimination was provided by SAPS 2 score (AUROC=0.981), followed by APACHE II (AUROC=0.978) and SOFA (AUROC=0.911).Conclusions: SAPS 2 score was superior to the APACHE II and SOFA scores for predicting survival in patients with septic shock but a combination of factors must be taken in consideration to estimate the prognosis in the ICU.
Study of green marketing principles and their implementation in the selected Slovak companies
Authors: Krizanova Anna , Gajanova Lubica , Nadanyiova Margareta , Kramarova Katarina 
Published: April 2017

The green marketing includes more than just a simple building of corporate image. It becomes a modern mean of the enforcement of actual environmental trends to a broad spectrum of business activities. The field of action of green marketing tools is relatively extensive, starting with the protection of environment, production and sale of products and services with ecological conditions and requirements, through the final consumption of environmentally friendly products, which affects the quality of life and health of the whole society. The paper in brief presents the results of the marketing survey that was focused on finding how chosen Slovak companies applied principles of green marketing and used green marketing tools within their business activities, if ever. Nowadays, concepts such as green marketing, green business and ecological product appear more frequently particularly with regard to communication of companies. For these reasons, the aim of the survey was to determine the extent to which the principles of green marketing are implemented in selected business entities in the Slovak Republic.

Keywords: Green marketing, environmental management system, tools of green communication mix, advertising, public relation;
American Orthopaedic Surgeons in World War I
Authors: Green David P. , DeLee Jesse C. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:
On April 6, 1917, the United States declared war on Germany and entered what was then called the Great War. Among the first officers sent to Europe were 21 orthopaedic surgeons in the so-called First Goldthwait Unit. Prior to the war, orthopaedics had been a nonoperative “strap-and-buckle” specialty that dealt primarily with infections, congenital abnormalities, and posttraumatic deformity. The Great War changed all of that forever, creating a new surgical specialty with emphasis on acute treatment, prevention of deformity, restoration of function, and rehabilitation.
Metal Artifact Reduction Sequence MRI Abnormalities in Asymptomatic Patients with a Ceramic-on-Polyethylene Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Jennings Jason M. , Martin J. Ryan , Kim Raymond H. , Yang Charlie C. , Miner Todd M. , Dennis Douglas A. 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a commonly utilized screening modality in patients with a metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip replacement. The prevalence of clinically important fluid collections may be overestimated since these collections have been reported to occur in asymptomatic patients with MoM and other bearing surfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and types of MRI-documented adverse local tissue reactions in asymptomatic patients with a ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP) total hip replacement.

Methods:
Forty-four patients (50 hips) with a minimum 2-year follow-up after total hip arthroplasty with CoP implants and a Harris hip score of >90 were enrolled in this study. The inclusion criteria were the absence of hip pain and the availability of appropriate follow-up radiographs. All patients underwent a metal artifact reduction sequence (MARS) MRI scan to determine the presence of fluid collections in asymptomatic patients with a CoP bearing surface.

Results:
Fluid collections were observed in 9 (18%) of 50 asymptomatic hips in this cohort. There were 5 hips with intracapsular synovitis, and 2 of these hips had a thickened synovium. Extra-articular fluid collections with direct intracapsular communication were identified in 4 additional hips. Two of these hips had a thickened synovium. No signs of osteolysis or evidence of adverse local tissue reactions were noted on radiographs at the most recent follow-up.

Conclusions:
This study revealed that fluid collections are not uncommon after total hip arthroplasty with CoP implants. Synovial thickening may be present and is more prevalent than has been reported in previous studies involving metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) bearing surfaces. The clinical importance and natural history of these findings remain unknown.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Management of ACL Injuries in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Fabricant Peter D. , Kocher Mininder S. 
Published: April 2017

➤ Children and adolescent athletes constitute the largest demographic of patients who sustain anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, and the frequency is increasing.➤ In ACL-deficient children and adolescents, continued symptoms of instability can result in progressive meniscal and cartilage damage as well as arthritic changes.➤ Growth disturbance can occur after ACL surgery in children, and includes tibial recurvatum due to tibial tubercle apophyseal arrest as well as limb-length discrepancy and/or angular deformity due to physeal arrest or overgrowth.➤ Several “physeal sparing” and “physeal respecting” ACL reconstruction techniques have been developed for use in skeletally immature patients to minimize the risk of growth disturbance, with favorable clinical outcomes.➤ ACL injury prevention strategies include neuromuscular conditioning and may be performed to prevent both initial ACL injury as well as reinjury and injury of the contralateral ACL after reconstruction.
Team Approach: Degenerative Spinal Deformity
Authors: Berven Sigurd , Jain Deeptee , O’Neill Conor , Selinger Amy , Mummaneni Praveen 
Published: April 2017

➢ Degenerative spinal deformity is common and affects a large percentage of the aging population. The burden of degenerative spinal deformity is high when measured on the basis of prevalence, impact, and cost of care.➢ A broad spectrum of specialists treat degenerative spinal deformities with use of both nonoperative and operative approaches to care. Treatment is characterized by substantial variability between and within specialties. Optimal care maximizes clinical benefit while limiting risks and costs.➢ This review describes the case of a 68-year-old woman with symptomatic degenerative scoliosis and presents perspectives on management from specialists in physical therapy, pain management, neurosurgery, and orthopaedic surgery.➢ The approaches to care presented here encompass a spectrum of risks, costs, and expected outcomes. Each specialist presents a perspective that is appropriate and reasonable, with its expected risks and benefits.➢ The best approach is one that is not monolithic; collaboration between providers from multiple disciplines permits an approach to care that is responsive to the values and preferences of the individual patient.➢ Clinical research, including prospective multidisciplinary comparative studies, is important for guiding an evidence-based approach to specific clinical scenarios and for developing a consensus regarding appropriate management strategies.
Guest Editorial: Lower for Longer: Lean Forever
Authors: Knode Tom , Fuchs Jeff 
Published: April 2017

Guest editorial
Lean Thinking is a generic version of the Toyota Production System, which was cobbled together just after World War II. The system was how a resource-poor Toyota, staggering with broken processes and a low-skilled workforce, scrabbled through the harsh post-war economy to become one of the most successful and highly respected enterprises of the 20th century. The 1996 book, Lean Thinking, introduced lean to mainstream business. Since then, lean has propelled operational excellence in construction, software development, healthcare, financial services, state government, and more.
Lean Thinking is a philosophy that engages everyone in systematically solving problems. However, like “eat right, exercise regularly, get plenty of sleep,” lean is a simple concept difficult to live daily. Companies typically struggle through distinct levels of understanding and application of lean. Beginners dabble with lean tools in superficial ways that yield slim results. More developed users imbed lean more broadly across value streams and deeper into business systems to get greater returns. Advanced lean thinkers go much further and get dramatic results by building lean into their culture. Like safety, lean for them is not another project to be implemented; lean thinking is part of how they do everything.
Oil and gas companies have begun to use lean tools in isolated processes aiming to increase business efficiency. There have been measurable benefits in improved drilling times and reducing the cost of bringing a well into production. But what are the benefits beyond drilling and completions, and applying lean across the extended value stream?
Put another way, think about your corner McDonald’s: It fixes some glaring problems at their moneymaker, the drive-through window. But how competitive is it if the orders are incorrect, the assembly is sloppy, and it cannot get ingredients to the right place at the right time? Oil and gas is still in the lean tools era: Lean tools used in the business’ most manufacturing-like processes. A windfall of returns await those who can expand their scope of application and depth of understanding.
Lean Across the Value Stream and the Enterprise
There is clearly business benefit to drilling and completing a well faster. If a land well costs USD 10 million and if you can drill and complete 20% faster (without sacrificing safety or environmental performance), the company could complete five wells for the cost of four. But what about the rest of the value stream and the rest of the cycle? We recognize the many variables in prospect development time: The nature of the well, wildcat vs. infield drilling, onshore vs. deep water, unique company practices, and more. Nevertheless, we can point to the huge potential that makes this worth considering.
A Comparison Between Seawater-Based and Freshwater-Based Fracturing Fluids
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: April 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 182799, “Seawater-Fracturing-Fluid Development Challenges: A Comparison Between Seawater-Based and Freshwater-Based Fracturing Fluids Using Two Types of Guar Gum Polymers,” by Maryam Alohaly, Ahmed BinGhanim, and Raed Rahal, Halliburton; and Sabiq Rahim, Texas Tech University, prepared for the 2016 SPE Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Annual Technical Symposium and Exhibition, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, 25–28 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Despite the lack of freshwater resources in the Arabian peninsula, fresh water is still used in unconventional-resource operations there. Seawater, however, is plentiful and could substitute for fresh water. The high salinity of seawater raises many chemical challenges in developing design criteria for fracturing fluids. This paper examines the chemistry of developing seawater-based fracturing fluids using two types of polymers as gelling agents and compares results to existing fresh-water-based-fracturing-fluid data under different conditions.
Introduction
The oil and gas industry faces many challenges, including the availability of fresh water for making fracturing fluids, especially in the Arabian peninsula and other arid regions.
Using seawater to make fracturing fluid can help address several obstacles and reduce costs. However, using sea water to make fracturing fluids also poses several new challenges. The high salinity of seawater and its propensity for scaling, compared with fresh water, make it crucial to consider different factors and chemical properties that influence the process of developing fracturing fluid.
This paper presents issues that can arise when using seawater as a base to develop fracturing fluids with two different types of guar as the viscosifying agent—hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) and carboxy-methylhydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG).
Ion Composition of Seawater
The high concentration of sulfate in seawater affects ion pairings in sea water. Sulfate can form ion pairings with strontium, calcium, and magnesium. Fifty percent of the sulfate present in seawater is free ions that can interact with polymer chains. Mixing, evaporation, and precipitation can change with ocean depth or location, which affects the salinity of seawater around the world and in stratification within a specific region. The major-ion composition in open waters, however, is almost always the same because the oceans are well-mixed by currents.
The seawater in the Arabian Gulf can have significant evaporation rates, leading to hypersaline conditions; hence, the Arabian Gulf ’s major-ion content is very high. This is one of the major factors to consider when designing seawater-based fracturing fluids. Another challenge to consider is variation of salinity throughout the year in the Arabian Gulf.
Cost-Effective Production Metering and Allocation in a Mature Offshore Oil Field
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: April 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 180887, “A Cost-Effective Methodology for Production Metering and Allocation Using Real-Time Virtual Metering in a Mature Offshore Oil Field: A Case Study of the Greater Angostura Field,” by Italo Raffaele Acuna, BHP Billiton, prepared for the 2016 SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, 13–15 June. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
This paper describes how the use of production-modeling tools, coupled with field pressure/temperature-data-acquisition systems and programming software, served as a means to improve production allocation and surveillance on a real-time basis in the Greater Angostura Field. The complete paper discusses a practical approach to obtain accurate real-time well-production rates without the need for purchasing costly flowmeters for each well. It also demonstrates how virtual metering can be used to identify production-optimization opportunities in the production system more readily.
Introduction
The Greater Angostura Field is located 25 miles offshore Trinidad and Tobago. The field was developed in three phases: Phase 1, which includes the Kairi, Canteen, and Horsts fields; Phase 2, which includes the Aripo gas development; and Phase 3, which was scheduled to have been completed by the second half of 2016.
At the time this paper was written, the Angostura development consisted of 21 producers and seven gas injectors. The facilities and gathering system included one manned central-processing platform (CPP), four unmanned well- protector platforms (WPPs), and one gas-export platform (GEP). All wells have dry production trees and are distributed as follows:
Canteen 1 (C1) WPP: five producers and two injectors
Kairi 1 (K1) WPP: three producers and two injectors
Kairi 2 (K2) WPP: nine producers and three injectors
Aripo (A) WPP: three producers
The production from the wells in each WPP is commingled in each platform’s header and routed as follows:
Canteen 1 (C1) WPP: one subsea production flowline to the low-pressure gathering system
Kairi (K1) WPP: two subsea production flowlines to either the low-pressure or the high-pressure gathering system
Kairi (K2) WPP: two bridge-connected flowlines to either low- or high-pressure gathering system
Aripo (A) WPP: one subsea production flowline to GEP
The oil produced from C1, K1, and K2 is processed on the CPP and pumped to shore. The gas produced from these three WPPs is distributed to export gas. The production of the Aripo WPP is sent directly to the GEP for sales.