bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed‐Methods Evaluation of a Healthy Exercise, Eating, and Lifestyle Program for Primary Schools
Authors: Cochrane Thomas , Davey Rachel C. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDReversing decline in physical fitness and increase in excess body weight in school children are considered major public health challenges. We evaluated a proposed model to integrate a screening and healthy exercise, eating, and lifestyle program (HEELP) into primary schools in Canberra, Australia. Objectives were: (1) to establish body status and physical competencies of 5‐ to 10‐year‐old children; (2) to evaluate the service's impact on body status and physical fitness; and (3) to gauge parent/guardian and school perspectives on the service.METHODSA mixed‐methods approach was used over 4 school years, 2010‐2013. Primary evaluation used direct quantitative measurement. Confirmatory qualitative methods were implemented in the last 2 years.RESULTSThe service was delivered on 71 occasions involving 25 schools; 7750 children were screened and 709 completed all aspects of the HEELP evaluation. Over 60% of children screened had 2 or more measures that would benefit from remedial intervention.CONCLUSIONSAll body status and physical fitness measures showed small beneficial changes on a population basis immediately after the HEELP. Further benefit did not accrue at 6 months after the program. Semistructured interviews with schools and parent/guardian surveys confirmed some beneficial effects observed by direct quantitative measurement.
Impact of NFL PLAY 60 Programming on Elementary School Children's Body Mass Index and Aerobic Capacity: The NFL PLAY 60 FitnessGram Partnership Project
Authors: Saint‐Maurice Pedro F. , Bai Yang , Welk Gregory J. , Bandelli Lorraine N. , Allums‐Featherston Kelly , Candelaria Norma 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe examined the impact of the Fuel Up to Play 60 (FUTP60) program on children's body mass index (BMI) and aerobic capacity (AC).METHODSParticipation in the FUTP60 and both BMI and AC profiles were collected through the NFL PLAY 60 FitnessGram Partnership Project involving over 100 schools from 22 US states. We specifically examined the distributions of BMI and AC among participating versus nonparticipating schools in the 2012‐2013 school year. Hierarchical linear models tested the impact of participation and availability of additional funding for program implementation on the proportions of youth meeting FitnessGram health‐related fitness standards (ie, Needs Improvement—Health Risk [NIHR] and Healthy Fitness Zone [HFZ] categories).RESULTSAfter 1 year implementing the program, participating schools had lower proportions of boys (−4.1 ± 2.0%, p = .04) and girls (−4.5 ± 2.0%, p = .03) in the NIHR for BMI, and lower proportion of girls (−9.7 ± 4.0%, p = .02) in the NIHR for AC. There were no differences in the distributions for the HFZ and the availability of additional funding did not alter the relationships (p > .05).CONCLUSIONSThis study provides preliminary evidence that participation in the FUTP60 is associated with improved profiles of health‐related fitness.
Macronutrient intake of dogs, self‐selecting diets varying in composition offered ad libitum
Authors: Roberts M. T. , Bermingham E. N. , Cave N. J. , Young W. , McKenzie C. M. , Thomas D.G. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe diet of the domestic dog has changed significantly from that of its wolf ancestor, with to date only two studies having examined macronutrient self‐selection in dogs. Whilst the first focused solely on protein intake, determining an intake of 30% metabolisable energy (ME), the second investigated dietary protein, fat and carbohydrate (PFC), indicating an intake ratio of 30:63:7% by energy. This study's aim was to further elucidate macronutrient intake by providing greater macronutrient range, energy content, and to investigate over a longer duration than previous studies. Fifteen adult dogs were given access to three wet diets providing 500% of daily ME, twice daily over 10 days. The diets were nutritionally complete and formulated using the same four ingredients in different proportions to supply high levels of protein (58% ME), fat (86% ME) or carbohydrate (54% ME). Overall fat and carbohydrate consumption significantly declined from 6,382 to 917 kcals per day (p < 0.001) and 553 to 214 kcals day−1 (p < .01) respectively. Protein intake, however, remained constant over the study and ranged from 4,786 to 4,156 kcals day−1. Such results impacted on percentage total energy intake, with fat decreasing from 68% to 52% (p < .001) and protein increasing from 29% to 44% (p < .01). Our findings suggest that dogs still possess a “feast or famine” mentality, wherein energy dense fat is prioritised over protein initially. With continued feeding over 10 days, a transition to a more balanced energy contribution from both macronutrients is evident. The study also shows that given the option, dogs do not select carbohydrate to be a significant portion of the diet. The health implications of such dietary selection are of interest.
Changes in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism‐related parameters in domestic pigeon (Columba livia) during incubation and chick rearing
Authors: Wan X. P. , Xie P. , Bu Z. , Zou X. T. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate the hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism‐related parameters of adult male and female White King pigeons (Columba livia) during incubation and chick rearing. At day 4 (I4), 10 (I10) and 17 (I17) of incubation and day 1 (R1), 7 (R7), 15 (R15) and 25 (R25) of chick rearing, livers were sampled from six pigeons for each sex. Glycogen and fat contents, activities of glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase, HK; 6‐phosphofructokinase, 6‐PFK), and genes expressions of key enzymes involved in glycolysis (pyruvate kinase, PK; glucokinase, GK), gluconeogenesis (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase cytosolic, PCK1; fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase, FBP1; glucose‐6‐phosphatase, G6Pase), fatty acid synthesis (fatty acid synthase, FAS; acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, ACC) and fatty acid β‐oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, CPT1; acyl‐CoA 1, ACO) were measured. In male and female pigeon livers, glycogen content and HK activity dramatically increased after I17 and after R1, respectively; expressions of FBP1 and G6Pase genes were maximized at R15; activity of 6‐PFK and expressions of PK and CPT1 genes were highest at R7; fat content and expressions of FAS and ACC genes steeply increased from I10 to R1. In females, hepatic expressions of GK and PCK1 genes were greatest at R7 and I17, respectively; however, in males, both of them were maximized at R15. Hepatic expression of ACO gene was significantly enhanced at R1 compared to I17 and R7 in males, whereas it was notably up‐regulated at I17 and R7 in females. Furthermore, expressions of PCK1, GK, FAS and ACC genes were in significant relation to fat content in the livers of female pigeons, while fat content in male pigeons was highly correlated with expression of PCK1, ACC, CPT1 and ACO genes. In conclusion, regulations of glucose and lipid metabolic processes were enhanced in parent pigeon livers from terminal phases of incubation to mid phase of chick rearing with sexual effects.
Long‐term dynamics of the East European forest‐steppe ecotone
Authors: Shumilovskikh Lyudmila S. , Novenko Elena , Giesecke Thomas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractQuestionThe European forest‐steppe ecotone extends over 6,000 km from the Carpathian to the Ural Mountains. It is extensively used for agriculture with very few patches of semi‐natural vegetation. Little is known about the history of the forest‐steppe ecotone in Eastern Europe and here we examine its Holocene dynamics and stability and investigate when it was transformed to the modern agro‐pastoral landscapes.LocationMid‐Russian Upland.MethodsWe summarize the information from five pollen diagrams for the last 7,000 years and estimate forest cover using the best modern analogue technique. We use the PCA and principal curve analysis to evaluate compositional changes.ResultsThe pollen data suggest that the East European forest‐steppe boundary was located 50–70 km further northwest from the presumed present position during the period 7,000–4,500 cal yr BP. After 4,500 cal year BP, it moved approximately 100–130 km to the southeast. Since 2,000 cal year BP land use affected the boundary, while a total forest clearance and transformation to agricultural landscapes took place in the last 400 years. Pollen data indicate a NW–SE direction of the forest‐steppe vegetation gradient. Prior to clearance, open lime–pedunculate oak forests existed in the NW, while the south was characterized by pine woodlands with an admixture of oak and lime with 20%–40% forest cover.ConclusionsThe East European forest‐steppe ecotone is sensitive to climate change. The Late Holocene expansion of forest cover is in agreement with evidence suggesting an increase in moisture availability during this time. The rapid recovery to a similar composition after human disturbance indicates a high resilience of woodland in the ecotone, which may be connected to a naturally high disturbance regime, possibly through fire. The information revealed on the position of the gradient and natural composition of the forest is currently not depicted in maps of the potential natural vegetation.
An Evaluation of Replacing Fishmeal with Rapeseed Meal in the Diet of Pseudobagrus ussuriensis: Growth, Feed Utilization, Nonspecific Immunity, and Growth‐related Gene Expression
Authors: Bu Xian‐Yong , Wang Yue‐Yang , Chen Fang‐Yi , Tang Bai‐Bing , Luo Cheng‐Zeng , Wang Yi , Ge Xian‐Ping , Yang Yu‐Hong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn 8‐wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fishmeal with rapeseed meal (RM) on growth, feed utilization, antioxidant capacity, nonspecific immunity, and growth‐related gene expression of Pseudobagrus ussuriensis (initial body weight 14.0 g). Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain RM to replace fishmeal at 0 (R0), 10 (R10), 20 (R20), 30 (R30), 40 (R40), and 50% (R50), respectively. The results showed that final body weight, specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio decreased with increasing dietary RM levels. Fish fed the diets with 30% or more fishmeal replaced by RM had significantly lower SGR (P < 0.05). The apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter, crude protein, and crude lipid decreased with increasing dietary RM levels. Similar trends were observed in immune parameters and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. However, an increasing trend was observed in malondialdehyde. Fish fed the diets with 30% or more fishmeal replaced by RM had significantly lower hepatic aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities than the control group R0 (P < 0.05). Hepatic insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) gene expression level significantly decreased in fish fed Diet R50 compared with the R10 group (P < 0.05). However, the IGF‐I gene expression level in muscles significantly increased in fish fed Diet R50 compared with other groups (P < 0.05). Broken‐line model analysis based on SGR against dietary RM substitution level indicated that the appropriate substitution level was 17%.
Secularism, Religion and the 20th/21st Century Novel
Authors: Sambrooke Jerilyn 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAs many commentators within and beyond the academy decry the “resurgence of religion,” literary scholars have been reconsidering familiar narratives about religion and literature. Literary studies has a complex relation with secularization theses, narratives that tie the ostensible decline of religion in the modern age with the rise of modern literature, particularly the novel. Increasingly, however, scholars are stepping away from such rise‐and‐fall narratives and asking how literature—both literary texts and literary modes of reading—might contribute to shifting our understanding of secularism. Focusing on different methodological approaches scholars take to their study of the novel's relation to secularism, this article contrasts literary studies that take secularization theses as their point of departure with those that investigate the practices and sensibilities underlying and enabling contemporary secularism.
Do genetic drift and accumulation of deleterious mutations preclude adaptation? Empirical investigation using RADseq in a northern lacustrine fish
Authors: Perrier Charles , Ferchaud Anne‐Laure , Sirois Pascal , Thibault Isabel , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnderstanding genomic signatures of divergent selection underlying long‐term adaptation in populations located in heterogeneous environments is a key goal in evolutionary biology. In this study, we investigated neutral, adaptive and deleterious genetic variation using 7,192 SNPs in 31 Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations (n = 673) from Québec, Canada. Average genetic diversity was low, weakly shared among lakes, and positively correlated with lake size, indicating a major role for genetic drift subsequent to lake isolation. Putatively deleterious mutations were on average at lower frequencies than the other SNPs, and their abundance relative to the entire polymorphism in each population was positively correlated with inbreeding, suggesting that the effectiveness of purifying selection was negatively correlated with inbreeding, as predicted from theory. Despite evidence for pronounced genetic drift and inbreeding, several outlier loci were associated with temperature and found in or close to genes with biologically relevant functions notably related to heat stress and immune responses. Outcomes of gene–temperature associations were influenced by the inclusion of the most inbred populations, in which allele frequencies deviated the most from model predictions. This result illustrates challenge in identifying gene–environment associations in cases of high genetic drift and restricted gene flow and suggests limited adaptation in populations experiencing higher inbreeding. We discuss the relevance of these findings for the conservation and management, notably regarding stocking and genetic rescue, of Lake Trout populations and other species inhabiting highly fragmented habitats.
Multispeed genome diploidization and diversification after an ancient allopolyploidization
Authors: Mandáková Terezie , Pouch Milan , Harmanová Klára , Zhan Shing Hei , Mayrose Itay , Lysak Martin A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHybridization and genome doubling (allopolyploidy) have led to evolutionary novelties as well as to the origin of new clades and species. Despite the importance of allopolyploidization, the dynamics of postpolyploid diploidization (PPD) at the genome level has been only sparsely studied. The Microlepidieae (MICR) is a crucifer tribe of 17 genera and c. 56 species endemic to Australia and New Zealand. Our phylogenetic and cytogenomic analyses revealed that MICR originated via an intertribal hybridization between ancestors of Crucihimalayeae (n = 8; maternal genome) and Smelowskieae (n = 7; paternal genome), both native to the Northern Hemisphere. The reconstructed ancestral allopolyploid genome (n = 15) originated probably in northeastern Asia or western North America during the Late Miocene (c. 10.6–7 million years ago) and reached the Australian mainland via long‐distance dispersal. In Australia, the allotetraploid genome diverged into at least three main subclades exhibiting different levels of PPD and diversity: 1.25‐fold descending dysploidy (DD) of n = 15 → n = 12 (autopolyploidy → 24) in perennial Arabidella (3 species), 1.5‐fold DD of n = 15 → n = 10 in the perennial Pachycladon (11 spp.) and 2.1–3.75‐fold DD of n = 15 → n = 7–4 in the largely annual crown‐group genera (42 spp. in 15 genera). These results are among the first to demonstrate multispeed genome evolution in taxa descending from a common allopolyploid ancestor. It is suggested that clade‐specific PPD can operate at different rates and efficacies and can be tentatively linked to life histories and the extent of taxonomic diversity.
Prognostic significance of Glasgow prognostic score in patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Kang Hye S. , Cho Kang W. , Kwon Soon S. , Kim Yong H. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) reflects the host systemic inflammatory response and is a validated independent prognostic factor in lung cancer. We investigated GPS as a potential predictive factor of clinical outcomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients with acute exacerbation (AE).MethodsThis was a retrospective study performed between January 2006 and March 2016 in Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea. Overall, 327 admitted IPF patients were registered in the study. Patients with definite pneumonia at the time of admission, those with left‐sided heart failure, pulmonary embolism and an identifiable cause of acute lung injury, and those whose albumin or C‐reactive protein levels were not measured were excluded.ResultsA total of 66 patients hospitalized with IPF‐AE were finally included. Median survival was 20.7 days and 29 (43.9%) patients died during hospitalization. The median length of overall survival (OS) was 26.0, 20.0 and 15.0 days for GPS‐0, GPS‐1 and GPS‐2, respectively. There were significant differences in OS between GPS‐0 and GPS‐2 (P = 0.002). In a multivariate analysis performed using a Cox regression model, eosinopenia (P = 0.007), lower partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (P = 0.014), and higher GPS (P = 0.006) were independent predictors of mortality.ConclusionGPS can be helpful in predicting mortality in IPF patients with AE.
Income and Price Elasticities of Demand in South Africa: An Application of the Linear Expenditure System
Authors: Burger Rulof Petrus , Coetzee Lodewicus Charl , Kreuser Carl Friedrich , Rankin Neil Andrew 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the expenditure patterns of South African households using detailed cross‐sectional expenditure and price data that varies across region and time. Linear expenditure system parameter estimates are used to calculate income and price elasticities for a number of product categories at different points of the income distribution. We find substantial variation in the price and income elasticities of demand for items across the income distribution, with the bottom quartile being extremely sensitive to increases in the price of food and clothing items, and the top quartile being as sensitive as households in developed countries.
Preceding haemorrhagic shock as a detrimental risk factor for respiratory distress after excessive allogeneic blood transfusion
Authors: Masuda R. , Iijima T. , Kondo R. , Itoda Y. , Matsuhashi M. , Hashimoto S. , Kohira T. , Kobayashi N. , Okazaki H. 
Published: October 2017

Background and ObjectivesWhether transfusion‐associated circulatory overload arises as a simple result of over‐transfusion or requires another trigger remains unclear. Here, we examined whether respiratory distress could be reproduced by massive transfusion alone in an animal model.Materials and MethodsA total of 20 anaesthetized swine were equipped with monitors. Allogeneic blood was obtained from 10 donor swine. A 4‐stage loading protocol with each stage equivalent to 25% of the blood volume (BV) in the recipient swine was then used to infuse crystalloid (CR), hydroxyethyl starch (HES) or allogeneic blood (TR) (n = 5 each). The five remaining animals were subjected to a haemorrhagic shock (HS) prior to an allogeneic blood transfusion (TRS).ResultsThe PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio did not decrease to the level of respiratory distress in either the CR group or the HES group after loading with a volume corresponding to 100% of the recipient BV. However, the TRS and TR groups exhibited significant reductions in the P/F ratio after fluid overloading (227 ± 29 and 267 ± 133, respectively). Blood transfusion after HS expanded the blood volume, but over‐transfusion alone did not. HS was accompanied by an increase in the white blood cell count.ConclusionThe lung and the heart can tolerate volume overloads with HES, CR and even transfused blood. However, a preceding HS may induce an inflammatory response, making the lung vulnerable to subsequent blood overloads. In this study, a preceding haemorrhagic shock mediated respiratory distress following massive transfusion in a swine model. (247 words)
An investigation of fetal behavioural states during maternal sleep in healthy late gestation pregnancy: an observational study
Authors: Stone Peter R. , Burgess Wendy , McIntyre Jordan , Gunn Alistair J. , Lear Christopher A. , Bennet Laura , Mitchell Edwin A , Thompson John M. D. ,   the Maternal Sleep In Pregnancy Research Group The University of Auckland
Published: October 2017

Key points
Fetal behavioural state in healthy late gestation pregnancy is significantly affected by maternal position overnight.
Maternal left lateral position is the one most frequently adopted at sleep onset.
The maternal position at sleep onset is maintained the longest overnight.
Fetal state 1F is more common in maternal supine positions overnight.
Fetal state 4F is less common in maternal supine sleep positions.
Fetal state and maternal sleep position are independently associated with fetal heart rate variability.
Maternal sleep position significantly affects fetal heart rate and heart rate variability and affects circadian fetal heart rate patterns.
AbstractFetal behavioural states (FBS) are measures of fetal wellbeing. Maternal position affects FBS with supine position being associated with an increased likelihood of fetal quiescence consistent with the human fetus adapting to a lower oxygen consuming state. Several studies have now confirmed the association between sleep position and risk of late intrauterine death. We designed this study to observe the effects of maternal sleep positions overnight in healthy late gestation pregnancy. Twenty‐nine healthy women had continuous fetal ECG recordings overnight. Two blinded observers assigned fetal states in 5 min blocks. Measures of fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) were calculated from ECG beat to beat data. Maternal position was determined from infrared video recording. Compared to state 2F (active sleep), 4F (active awake‐high activity) occurred almost exclusively when the mother was in a left or right lateral position. State 1F (quiet sleep) was more common when the mother was supine [odds ratio (OR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.52] and less common on the maternal right side with the left being the referent position (OR 0.81, 95% CI, 0.70–0.93). State 4F was more common between 21.00 and 01.00 h than between 01.00 and 07.00 h (OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.32–3.47). In each fetal state, maternal position had significant effects on fetal heart rate and measures of FHRV. In healthy late gestation pregnancy, maternal sleep position affects FBS and heart rate variability. These effects are probably fetal adaptations to positions which may produce a mild hypoxic stress.