bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in transfusion medicine: gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Oakland K. , Jairath V. , Murphy M. F. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTGastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical and surgical emergency and is the second most common indication for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in the UK. Most transfusion guidelines recommend the use of restrictive blood transfusion in stable gastrointestinal bleeding. This review explores the evidence supporting this practice, including whether it is safe in lower as well as upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and the risks of restrictive transfusion in patients with cardiovascular disease. There is a lack of evidence supporting the use of platelet and fresh frozen plasma transfusion in gastrointestinal bleeding. The aim of this review is to serve as a practical guide to transfusion in stable gastrointestinal bleeding.
The great trade collapse and the Spanish export miracle: Firm‐level evidence from the crisis
Authors: Eppinger Peter S. , Meythaler Nicole , Sindlinger Marc‐Manuel , Smolka Marcel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe provide novel evidence on the microstructure of international trade during the 2008 financial crisis and subsequent global recession by exploring a rich firm‐level data set from Spain. The focus of our analysis is on changes at the extensive and intensive firm‐level margins of trade, as well as on performance differences (jobs, productivity and firm survival) across firms that differ in their export status. We find no adverse effects of the financial crisis on foreign market entry or exit, but a considerable increase in the export intensity of firms after the financial crisis. Moreover, we find that exporters were more resilient to the crisis than non‐exporters. Finally, while exporters showed a significantly more favourable development of total factor productivity after 2009 than non‐exporters, aggregate productivity declined substantially in a large number of industries in Spanish manufacturing. We also briefly explore two factors that might help explain the surprisingly strong export performance of Spain in the aftermath of the great trade collapse: improved aggregate competitiveness due to internal and external devaluation and a substitutive relationship between domestic and foreign sales at the firm level.
Changes in cytokine profiles following treatment with food allergen‐specific sublingual immunotherapy in dogs with adverse food reactions
Authors: Maina Elisa , Devriendt Bert , Cox Eric 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundFood allergen‐specific sublingual immunotherapy (FA‐SLIT) is considered to be a novel, safe and effective approach in dogs with adverse food reactions (AFR).Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo investigate changes in key cytokines associated with FA‐SLIT.AnimalsEleven dogs with confirmed AFR.MethodsParticipants received either dose escalation of FA‐SLIT or placebo over a six month period. Oral food challenge was performed at the beginning and end of the study, along with clinical examinations and collection of skin surface bacterial cytology and blood. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with the culprit food antigen. ELISA methods were used to quantify Interleukin (IL)‐10, IFN‐γ, IL‐4 and IL‐17A in the supernatant of stimulated cells.ResultsIL‐10 and IFN‐γ levels were significantly increased at the end of the study in the treatment group (T), compared with the placebo group (P), whereas no changes were found in IL‐4 levels. IL‐17A levels were decreased in both groups (but more profoundly in T). Bacterial scores on the skin were positively correlated with IL‐17A and inversely correlated with IL‐10 concentrations. Interleukins were not correlated with clinical scores.Conclusion and clinical importanceFA‐SLIT may modulate the allergic response toward Th1 and Treg cell phenotypes, and induction of tolerance in dogs with AFR. Therefore, FA‐SLIT may be a tool to desensitize dogs with AFR. However, more data on a larger number of cases and a broader panel of cytokines are needed to corroborate these findings, and to elucidate the mechanism of action for responses to FA‐SLIT by dogs with AFR.
A double‐blinded, randomized, controlled, crossover evaluation of a zinc methionine supplement as an adjunctive treatment for canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: McFadden Rendina A. , Heinrich Nicole A. , Haarstad Amy C. , Tomlinson Dana J. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundZinc is important for skin health and proper immune system function.Hypothesis/ObjectivesA zinc methionine, essential fatty acids (EFA) and biotin product (Zn supplement) was compared to an EFA and biotin product (control) in canine atopic dermatitis (CAD).AnimalsTwenty seven client‐owned dogs with chronic CAD receiving ciclosporin or glucocorticoids.MethodsA 24 week, randomized, double‐blinded, controlled study with crossover at week 12 and 4 week period of allergy medication reduction at weeks 8 and 20. Evaluations included Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index (CADLI), pruritus Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and cytology sampling.ResultsIn dogs receiving the zinc supplement and ciclosporin for eight weeks, 44% (n = 7) had significantly decreased CADLI from 11.9 to 6.0 (P = 0.0002) with no significant change in pruritus VAS (P = 1.0). In dogs receiving the zinc supplement and glucocorticoids for eight weeks, 55% (n = 6) had significantly decreased CADLI from 10.9 to 5.0 (P = 0.0043) and pruritus VAS from 7.4 to 3.2 (P = 0.0166). For dogs receiving either steroids or ciclosporin there was a reduction in use of such medications, for at least four weeks, in 63% of dogs receiving the zinc supplement and 37% of dogs receiving the control. This difference was not significant (P = 0.1027). Seventy eight percent of dogs were diagnosed and treated for superficial skin infections during the study.Conclusions and clinical importanceThis study supports a potential benefit of adjunctive zinc methionine supplementation in CAD. Dogs receiving glucocorticoids may be more likely to benefit. Further studies are needed to substantiate these initial results.
Randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled pilot study on the effects of topical blackcurrant emulsion enriched in essential fatty acids, ceramides and 18‐beta glycyrrhetinic acid on clinical signs and skin barrier function in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Marsella Rosanna , Cornegliani Luisa , Ozmen Ibrahim , Bohannon Mary , Ahrens Kim , Santoro Domenico 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundLipid‐based emulsions can be useful for the management of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). 18‐beta glycyrrhetinic acid (GRA), a component of liquorice root, has anti‐inflammatory and anti‐pruritic effects.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of a topical lipid emulsion containing ceramides, fatty acids and GRA on clinical signs of cAD and skin barrier in a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial.MethodsClient owned (n = 45) dogs with nonseasonal, mild/moderate AD, received either treatment or placebo for three months. Skin lesions, pruritus, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and global assessment (GA) were evaluated.ResultsFourteen dogs receiving treatment and 14 receiving the placebo completed the study. After one month ≥50% reduction in pruritus was seen in seven of 14 dogs (50%) in the Treatment group, and in two of 14 dogs (14.3%) in the Control group (P = 0.047). After two and three months, significant reduction in pruritus was not seen. For Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI), TEWL and GA, there were no significant findings over time or between groups.Conclusions and Clinical relevanceThe emulsion had some transient beneficial clinical effects. However, it was not effective in controlling pruritus as a monotherapy. Further studies should examine whether owner compliance was a factor in the steady decline of effect on pruritus scores. Further studies evaluating its role as an adjunctive therapy are indicated.
Successful medical treatment of an Aspergillus terreus mycetoma of the nostril/lip in a 16‐year‐old Fjord pony gelding with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Authors: Randleff‐Rasmussen Pia K. , Mosca Marion , Knoerr Frédéric , Pin Didier , Desjardins Isabelle 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundMycetoma is a chronic, proliferative lesion of cutaneous/subcutaneous tissue characterized by draining tracts and granules in the discharge caused by actinomycetes (actinomycetoma) or filamentous fungi (eumycotic mycetoma).ObjectivesThis case report describes the unusual finding of a cutaneous mycetoma of the lateral wing of the right nostril in a gelding.AnimalA 16‐year‐old Fjord gelding with suspected pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) was presented for evaluation of a nonpainful, firm and raised mass involving the lateral wing of the right nostril and the lip.Methods and ResultsCytological examination of the mass showed marked pyogranulomatous inflammation and histopathological examination revealed a fungal mycetoma. Fungal culture identified the causative organism as Aspergillus terreus, which is not known for its propensity to cause either dermal granulomas or mycetoma in domestic animals. Further investigation, including a TRH stimulation test, led to a diagnosis of PPID (Cushing's disease), which may have led to immunosuppression of the animal and increased susceptibility to infection.Conclusions and Clinical importanceThe horse was treated medically with pergolide for the PPID and oral potassium iodide for the fungal infection, with good therapeutic response and no relapse after five months. Surgical debridement or excision was not performed. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report of a cutaneous mycetoma caused by A. terreus in a horse.
Durability of a coating containing titanium dioxide for the photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac in water with UV‐A irradiation
Authors: Schulze‐Hennings U. , Brückner I. , Gebhardt W. , Groteklaes M. , Blöß S. P. , Wett M. , Linnemann V. , Montag D. , Pinnekamp J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA novel catalyst was used for lab scale photocatalytic experiments. It was a carbon doped titanium dioxide which was designed to create an energy efficient photocatalytic process. The titanium dioxide is able to absorb UV‐A radiation and parts of the visible light spectrum. The catalyst was immobilized to a glass sheet. UV‐A radiation was used for the degradation of the pharmaceutical diclofenac in water to investigate the applicability of the catalyst to degrade organic micropollutants. With the given experimental setup hydroxyl radicals were generated and diclofenac was degraded below the limit of quantification. However, reaction rates are rather slow and the material properties of the catalyst showed the need of improvement. This is because the properties of the coating were influenced by the release of inorganic binder. Therefore, the coating and possibly the titanium dioxide were washed off and the reaction rates decreased drastically after 80 hours of use.
Xenogeneic chimera—Generated by blastocyst complementation—As a potential unlimited source of recipient‐tailored organs
Authors: Oldani Graziano , Peloso Andrea , Lacotte Stéphanie , Meier Raphael , Toso Christian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBlastocyst complementation refers to the injection of cells into a blastocyst. The technology allows for the creation of chimeric animals, which have the potential to be used as an unlimited source of organ donors. Pluripotent stem cells could be generated from a patient in need of a transplantation and injected into a large animal blastocyst (potentially of a pig), leading to the creation of organ(s) allowing immunosuppression‐free transplantation. Various chimera combinations have already been generated, but one of the most recent steps leads to the creation of human‐pig chimeras, which could be studied at an embryo stage. Although still far from clinical reality, the potential application is almost unlimited. The present review illustrates the historical steps of intra‐ and interspecific blastocyst complementation in rodents and large animals, specifically looking at its potential for generation of organ grafts. We also speculate on how it could change transplant indications, on its economic impact, and on the linked ethical concerns.
Depletion of Pax7+ satellite cells does not affect diaphragm adaptations to running in young or aged mice
Authors: Murach Kevin A. , Confides Amy L. , Ho Angel , Jackson Janna R. , Ghazala Lina S. , Peterson Charlotte A. , Dupont‐Versteegden Esther E. 
Published: July 2017

Key points
Satellite cell depletion does not affect diaphragm adaptations to voluntary wheel running in young or aged mice.
Satellite cell depletion early in life (4 months of age) has minimal effect on diaphragm phenotype by old age (24 months).
Prolonged satellite cell depletion in the diaphragm does not result in excessive extracellular matrix accumulation, in contrast to what has been reported in hind limb muscles.
Up‐regulation of Pax3 mRNA+ cells after satellite cell depletion in young and aged mice suggests that Pax3+ cells may compensate for a loss of Pax7+ satellite cells in the diaphragm.
Future investigations should focus on the role of Pax3+ cells in the diaphragm during adaptation to exercise and ageing.
AbstractSatellite cell contribution to unstressed diaphragm is higher compared to hind limb muscles, which is probably attributable to constant activation of this muscle to drive ventilation. Whether satellite cell depletion negatively impacts diaphragm quantitative and qualitative characteristics under stressed conditions in young and aged mice is unknown. We therefore challenged the diaphragm with prolonged running activity in the presence and absence of Pax7+ satellite cells in young and aged mice using an inducible Pax7CreER‐R26RDTA model. Mice were vehicle (Veh, satellite cell‐replete) or tamoxifen (Tam, satellite cell‐depleted) treated at 4 months of age and were then allowed to run voluntarily at 6 months (young) and 22 months (aged). Age‐matched, cage‐dwelling, Veh‐ and Tam‐treated mice without wheel access served as activity controls. Diaphragm muscles were analysed from young (8 months) and aged (24 months) mice. Satellite cell depletion did not alter diaphragm mean fibre cross‐sectional area, fibre type distribution or extracellular matrix content in young or aged mice, regardless of running activity. Resting in vivo diaphragm function was also unaffected by satellite cell depletion. Myonuclear density was maintained in young satellite cell‐depleted mice regardless of running, although it was modestly reduced in aged sedentary (–7%) and running (–19%) mice without satellite cells (P < 0.05). Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we detected higher Pax3 mRNA+ cell density in both young and aged satellite cell‐depleted diaphragm muscle (P < 0.05), which may compensate for the loss of Pax7+ satellite cells.
Efficient Process Planning Strategies for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Venkatesan Uppili Srinivasan , Pande S. S. 
Published: July 2017

This work reports the development of robust and efficient algorithms for optimum process planning of Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes needing support structures during fabrication. In particular, it addresses issues like part hollowing, support structure generation and optimum part orientation. Input to the system is a CAD model in STL format which is voxelized and hollowed using the 2D Hollowing strategy. A novel approach to design external as well as internal support structures for the hollowed model is developed considering the wall thickness and material properties.
Optimum orientation of the hollowed part model is computed using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The Fitness Function for optimization is the weighted average of process performance parameters like build time, part quality and material utilization. A new performance measure has been proposed to choose the weightages for performance parameters to obtain overall optimum performance.
The paper presents, in detail, the design and development of algorithms with results for typical case studies. The proposed methodology will significantly contribute to improving part quality, productivity and material utilization for AM processes.
Energy Consumption of Feed-Drive Systems That Depends on the Workpiece-Setting Position in a Five-Axis Machining Center
Authors: Sato Ryuta , Inoue Yuta , Shirase Keiichi , Hayashi Akio 
Published: July 2017

Energy consumption of numerical control (NC) machine tools is one of the key issues in modern industrial field. This study focuses on reducing the energy consumed by a five-axis machining center by changing only the workpiece-setting position. Previous studies show that the movements along each axis in five-axis machining centers depend on the workpiece-setting position, regardless of whether the same operation is performed. In addition, the energy consumptions required for the movements are different along each axis.
From these considerations, an optimum workpiece-setting position that can minimize the energy consumed during these motions is assumed to exist. To verify this assumption, in this study, the energy consumed by the feed drive systems of an actual five-axis machining center is first measured and then estimated using the proposed model in this study. The model for estimating the energy consumption comprises the friction, motor, and amplifier losses along each axis. The total energy consumption can be estimated by adding the energy consumptions along each axis.
The effect of the workpiece setting-position on the energy consumption is investigated by employing the cone-frustum cutting motion with simultaneous five-axis motions. The energy consumption that depends on the workpiece-setting position is first measured and then estimated. The results confirm that the proposed model can estimate the energy consumption accurately. Moreover, the energy consumption is confirmed to depend on the workpiece-setting position; the minimum energy consumption is found to be 20% lower than the maximum one.
Cutting Force Prediction of Ball End Milling Based on Fully Voxel Representation of Cutting Edge and Instantaneous Workpiece Shape
Authors: Nishida Isamu , Okumura Ryuma , Sato Ryuta , Shirase Keiichi 
Published: July 2017

A new cutting force simulator has been developed to predict cutting force in ball end milling. This new simulator discretely calculates uncut chip thickness based on a fully voxel representation of the cutting edge and instantaneous workpiece shape.
Previously, a workpiece voxel model was used to calculate uncut chip thickness under a complex change of workpiece shape. Using a workpiece voxel model, uncut chip thickness is detected by extracting the voxels removed per cutting edge tooth for the amount of material fed into the cutting edge. However, it is difficult to define the complicated shape of a cutting edge using the workpiece voxel model; the shape of the cutting edge must be defined by a mathematical expression. It is also difficult to model the voxels removed by the cutting edge when the tool posture is non-uniformly changed.
We therefore propose a new method to detect uncut chip thickness, one in which both the cutting edge and the instantaneous workpiece shape are fully represented by a voxel model. Our proposed method precisely detects uncut chip thickness at minute tool rotational angles, making it possible to detect the uncut chip thickness between the complex surface shape of the workpiece and the particular shape of the cutting edge.
To validate the effectiveness of our proposed method, experimental 5-axis milling tests using a ball end mill were conducted. Estimated milling forces for several tool postures were found to be in good agreement with the measured milling forces. Results from the experimental 5-axis milling validate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
The Effect of Polyethylene (Glycol) Diacrylate Post-Fabrication Rest Time on Compressive Properties
Authors: Yasar Ozlem , Inceoglu Serkan , Prashad Ramesh 
Published: July 2017

In recent years, tissue engineering has been utilized as an alternative approach for the organ transplantation. The success rate of tissue regeneration is influenced by the type of biomaterials, cell sources, growth factors and scaffold fabrication techniques used. The poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) is one of commonly used biomaterials because of its biocompatibility, ease of use, and porous microstructure. The mechanical properties of PEGDA have been studied to some extent by several research groups. However, the stability of the mechanical properties with time has not been investigated.
In this research, we studied how the mechanical properties of different concentrations of PEGDA change with the post-fabrication ageing time. Cylindrical PEGDA samples were prepared 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% concentrations and cured under the UV light. After the solidification process, weight of each sample was monitored in every 0, 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours post-fabrication ageing time until the mechanical testing. Compressive elastic modulus and strength were calculated and statistically analyzed. Our results indicated that the water content of each PEGDA group constantly decreased by time, however, this loss significantly affected the elastic modulus and strength only after 6 hours in some PEGDA concentration.
Design of a Tip Based In-Line Metrology System for Roll-to-Roll Manufactured Flexible Electronic Devices
Authors: Connolly Liam G. , Cullinan Michael 
Published: July 2017

The development of accurate, noncontact surface imaging is key to implementing an effective metrology strategy to manage defect detection in high volume flexible electronic device fabrication. This paper presents the design of a compound, double parallelogram flexure-hinge mechanism (DPFM) based nanopositioning system with stacked coarse-fine adjustment DPFMs. In concert with novel Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)-on-a-chip technology, this coupled, multi-flexure positioning system is proposed as a probe-based metrology device for roll-to-roll (R2R) electronics manufacturing and shown in Fig. 1 [1], [2].
The structural parameters of this system have been designed to ensure the desired stiffness, range of motion, and resonant modes are achieved. The parametric design of this positioning system has been verified through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The proposed system will achieve a scanning throughput of six, 60 μm line scans every 0.15 seconds for a total throughput of over 75 μm2/s at a lateral resolution nearing 50 nm and a vertical resolution of less than 20 nm. This will allow for the development of a statistical metrology framework to reliably measure and analyze nanofeatured, R2R manufactured, flexible electronics in a cost-effective manner and provide fast, continuous defect identification.