bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comrades' Courts in the Soviet Period of Russian Statehood as a Form of Non-Professional Justice
Authors: Gavrilova A. V. 
Published: October 2024

The formation and development of comrades’ justice in the Soviet period of Russian statehood is associated with the implementation of the unified national concept of the court, conditioned not so much by professional justice as by the mass participation of non-professional judges from the people in court. The jurisdiction of cases heard in public courts was regulated by the relevant provisions and criminal codes, providing that these courts considered minor crimes, both by virtue of a direct indication in the law, and by way of delegation of the function of justice by the courts or the prosecutor’s office in each specific case. The activities of the comrades’ courts are divided into three periods. The first period — from 1919 to 1922 — is characterized by the disciplinary orientation of the comrades’ courts authorized to consider all violations of labor legislation. The second period — from 1928 to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War — is characterized by a variety of comrades’ and public courts that covered various spheres of economic, social and political activities, from Soviet enterprises and institutions to collective farms. Its main purpose was to free public courts from a mass of minor offenses and property disputes, as well as ensuring productivity growth and combating disruptors of production in enterprises and institutions. The third period — from the late 1950s to 1991 — set the goal of strengthening socialist democracy by involving a wide range of workers in the management of public affairs, including through comradely justice, which defined comrades’ courts as quasi-judicial bodies of public and state power, intrinsically inscribed in the concept of a socialist national state.
Seismic Discrimination Using Regional Distance Coda-Wave Ratios
Authors: Kintner Jonas A. , Delbridge Brent , Alfaro-Diaz Richard , Scott Phillips W. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study utilizes regional seismic coda-wave amplitude ratios to distinguish earthquakes and declared nuclear explosions in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). We compute the coda spectral ratios at common stations to isolate source information from propagation and site effects. The resulting frequency-dependent amplitude ratios help identify differences between source types at DPRK. We use parametric models to validate observations, linking them to seismic source parameters. Our method effectively distinguishes the spectral signatures of explosions, nearby earthquakes, and a post-explosion collapse event. The measurements show clear differences between source-type combinations and agree with estimated seismic source models. Notably, the coda spectral ratios between explosions and earthquakes indicate that explosive sources exhibit relatively lower high-frequency S-wave energy and corner frequency compared to P waves. We leverage these spectral differences to develop a Bayesian inference framework for seismic source discrimination at the DPRK test site. This study demonstrates that spectral differences between source types can be exploited in coda spectral ratios to provide critical information for seismic discrimination.
Efeito Fagodeterrente e Inseticida do Extrato Etanólico de Calymperes lonchophyllum Schwägr. (Bryophyta) Sobre Lagartas de Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Santos Rita de Cássia Pereira dos , Tavares-Martins Ana Cláudia Caldeira , Rezende-Moraes Eryka de Nazaré , Monteiro-Alves Raynon Joel , Costa Roberto Cezar Lobo da , Maia Wilson José Mello e Silva 
Published: October 2024

As briófitas possuem, em sua composição química, importantes metabólitos bioativos que podem ser utilizados para o controle de insetos-praga, como a Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith). Diante disso, este estudo reportou os efeitos fagodeterrente e inseticida do extrato etanólico de Calymperes lonchophyllum Schwägr. sobre larvas de de S. frugiperda de 3º instar. Foram testados cinco tratamentos (controle; 2,00; 1,00; 0,50 e 0,25 mg/ml de extrato), com cinco repetições, totalizando 25 bioensaios, sendo que cada um continha um disco foliar tratado com 50 µl de controle (água e DMSO) e as quatro concentrações do extrato, e uma lagarta. As avaliações de fagodeterrência e mortalidade foram realizadas após 24, 48 e 72 horas do experimento. Os resultados indicaram que, após 48 horas, os tratamentos com as concentrações 2,00 e 1,00 mg/ml já apresentavam uma ação fagodeterrente sobre as lagartas, assim como tais concentrações demonstraram um efeito inseticida, em 72 horas. Com base nisso, este é o primeiro estudo realizado no Brasil com C. lonchophyllum, e indicou a potencialidade do extrato etanólico dessa espécie de musgo para aplicações biotecnológicas voltadas ao controle de pragas do gênero Spodoptera spp.
Palavras-chave: Briófitas. Compostos Bioativos. Efeito antifeedant. Lagarta-do-Cartucho do Milho.

Abstract
Bryophytes have, in their chemical composition, important bioactive metabolites that can be used to control insect pests, such as Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith). This study reported the antifeedant and insecticidal effects of the ethanolic extract of Calymperes lonchophyllum Schwägr. on 3rd instar S. frugiperda larvae. Five treatments were tested (control; 2.00; 1.00; 0.50 and 0.25 mg/ml of extract), with five replications, totaling 25 bioassays, each containing a leaf disc treated with 50 µl of control (water and DMSO) and the four concentrations of the extract and one caterpillar. The antifeedant and mortality evaluations were performed after 24, 48 and 72 hours of the experiment. The results indicated that, after 48 hours, the treatments with the concentrations 2.00 and 1.00 mg/ml already showed an antifeedant action on the caterpillars, as well as such concentrations demonstrated an insecticidal effect, in 72 hours. Based on this, this is the first study carried out in Brazil with C. lonchophyllum, and indicated the potential of the ethanolic extract of this species of moss for biotechnological applications aimed at controlling pests of the genus Spodoptera spp.
Keywords: Bryophytes. Bioactive Compounds. Antifeedant Effect. Fall Armyworm.
Evaluation of variability of morphometric traits of plants and age spectrum of cenopopulations of Matthiola daghestanica (Brassicaceae) of the Piedmont and Mid‐mountain Dagestan, Russia
Authors: Osmanov R. M. 
Published: October 2024

Aim: Study of intra‐ and interpopulation variability of quantitative traits of Matthiola daghestanica (Conti) N. Busch and assessment of the age spectrum of natural cenopopulations of Piedmont and Mid‐mountain Dagestan. The material consisted of 90 plants (shoots with inflorescences) taken from coenopopulations of various locations of the studied species (450, 610 and 960 m above sea level). An analysis of the variability of 12 morphological traits of M. daghestanica was carried out. To assess the age spectrum, 5x5 m test plots were laid out at three points (75 m²), where the age (ontogenetic) states of M. daghestanica guided by methods from the works of T.A. Rabotnov (1950) and A.A. Uranov (1957).The variability of the morphological traits of the Dagestan endemic M. daghestanica has been studied and its age spectrum in the natural cenopopulations of Piedmont and Mid‐mountain Dagestan has been assessed. The most variable were the weight traits. Analysis of the significance of the differences between the selected groups using the t‐test confirmed that “Chakh‐Chakh” is highly isolated from other coenopopulations, and to the greatest extent from “Chirkata”. The linear trait “length vegetative features” introduces the greatest significant differences between all coenopopulations. The percentage of age states from the total number of individuals varies among populations. The age spectrum of M. daghestanica in the “Chirkata” cenopopulation is represented by a predominance of the juvenile (25 %) and virginal (25 %) groups and in the “Ashilta” cenopopulation by the adult group (23.9 %). Among the age states of the generative period in all cenopopulations, young generative individuals prevail (16.7–19.4 %). The largest number of middle‐aged generative individuals is in the “Chakh‐Chakh” cenopopulation (16.3 %).Analysis of the variability of morphological characteristics of M. daghestanica plants showed that linear and numerical traits for the three cenopopulations are less variable. Significant variability was revealed in weight characteristics: “mass caulis and leaves” (518.3–818.7 mg); “total mass shoot” (990.7–1342.8 mg). The squared Mahalanobis distances of the characters studied revealed the isolation of the “Chakh‐Chakh” cenopopulation from the other two (“Achilta”, “Chirkata”). The age spectrum of M. daghestanica coenopopulations is similar in the Piedmont and Mid‐mountain Dagestan, despite the different number of age states. Cenopopulations of M. daghestanica are normal, capable of self‐renewal, characterized by recovery indices of 1.2–2.8 %.
Segetal plants of agricultural landscapes of the Southern Non‐Chernozem zone as a source of biological resources
Authors: Nikolskii A. N. , Bochkarev V. D. , Bochkarev D. V. , Drozdova K. O. 
Published: October 2024

Aim. To identify economically significant species of segetal plants of agrophytocenoses in the Southern Non‐Chernozem zone and assess their dynamics with changes in anthropogenic load.The study was carried out by analysing geobotanical descriptions of agrophytocenoses in the Southern Non‐Chernozem Zone. The species diversity of economically important species was established during the period of extensive farming (1929–1933), the beginning of intensification (1936–1938), a high level of intensification (1981–1983), and a period of decreasing intensity of farming (2012–2022).At all stages of the study, groups of forage, medicinal and honey plants were round to have a high species diversity. The presence of individual representatives of vegetable, vitamin, insecticidal and ornamental species in agrophytocenoses was established.Changes in the nature and degree of anthropogenic pressure on agrophytocenoses has led to a significant transformation of species composition and abundance of representatives of economically significant groups. The smallest number of these was noted in the 1980s. Currently, species diversity has increased due to a decrease in the intensity of agriculture in the region.
Species composition and distribution of birds in the area of Kyzyl airport (Republic of Tyva, Russia) and their impact on the ornithological situation
Authors: Archimayeva Tatyana P. , Kuksina D. K. , Kuksin A. N. , Saaya A. T. 
Published: October 2024

Aim. Study and identification of species composition and actual location of birds on the territory of the Kyzyl airport and in the airspace above it throughout the year and assessment of the intensity of the ornithological situation in order to ensure flight safety.The study of avifauna within the airport area within a radius of 15 km was carried out throughout a calendar year using the method of integrated route accounting and stationary observations on the runway. Statistical processing of the field materials was carried out using the Microsoft Excel program.In total, a fairly high species diversity was revealed within the airport territory – 76 species in zone I – R =2,5 km and 199 species in zone II – R= 15 km. The population density of birds points was calculated in points, the status of stay, seasonal fluctuations in the number and species diversity of avifauna and the intensity of the ornithological situation were revealed.Despite the rather high species diversity and significant fluctuations in the number of birds, ornithological intensity in zone II during the year is ‘calm’ and reaches the upper limit of the ‘satisfactory’ level occasionally on certain days of late summer – early autumn. A place of increased concentration of birds within airport area II is an urban landfill. The decision to move the landfill beyond a 50 km radius from the runway, the prevention of nesting of aircraft‐dangerous bird species within zone II and the use of visual repellents will allow maintenance of a low level of ornithological intensity throughout the year.
Rodzina w systemie wsparcia i pomocy osobom z problemem alkoholowym
Authors: Baruk‑Dzięcioł Ewa , Chemperek Agnieszka , Łukowski Karol , Badziak Justyna , Partyk Aleksandra , Matysiak‑Błaszczyk Agata , Jankowiak Barbara , Dobińska Gabriela , Cieślikowska‑Ryczko Angelika , Kmieciak Błażej , Chrost Sławomir , Soćko Michał , Dobińska Gabriela , Walczak‑Człapińska Karolina , Okólska Katarzyna , Gluzek Michał , Jóźwiak‑Majchrzak Wioletta 
Published: October 2024

Oddajemy do rąk czytelników publikację dotyczącą szeroko pojętej kwestii związanej z uzależnieniem od alkoholu. Prezentowana książka jest pokłosiem Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej zatytułowanej Rodzina w systemie wsparcia społecznego i pomocy osobom z problemem alkoholowym zorganizowanej przez Pracownię Pedagogiki Specjalnej na Wydziale Nauk o Wychowaniu Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego w dniu 23 maja 2019 roku. Celem konferencji była wymiana doświadczeń przedstawicieli środowiska naukowego, instytucji publicznych i organizacji pozarządowych zajmujących się wsparciem rodziny z problemem uzależnienia od alkoholu. Wyodrębnione zostały trzy główne obszary, wokół których toczyła się dyskusja: alkoholizm w rodzinie; instytucje wsparcia osób i rodzin z problemem uzależnienia od alkoholu; społeczna recepcja rodziny z problemem alkoholowym.
Redaktorki

Zadanie „Wspieranie badań naukowych w obszarze problemów wynikających z używania alkoholu” finansowane ze środków Narodowego Programu Zdrowia na lata 2016–2020
Early Sagittal Shape of the Spine Predicts Scoliosis Development in a Syndromic (22q11.2DS) Population
Authors: de Reuver Steven , Homans Jelle F. , Houben Michiel L. , Schlösser Tom P.C. , Ito Keita , Kruyt Moyo C. , Castelein René M. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Scoliosis is a deformation of the spine and trunk that, in its more severe forms, creates a life-long burden of disease and requires intensive treatment. For its most prevalent form, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, no underlying condition can be defined, and the pathomechanism appears to be multifactorial; however, it has been suggested that the biomechanics of the spine play a role. For nonidiopathic scoliosis, underlying conditions can be recognized, but what drives the deformity remains unclear. In this study, we examined the early sagittal shape of the spine before the onset of scoliosis in a population with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). This cohort was chosen since children with this syndrome have an approximately 50% chance of developing scoliosis that shares certain characteristics with idiopathic scoliosis, namely, age of onset, curve morphology, and rate of progression.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study included patients with 22q11.2DS who were followed with the use of spinal radiographs during adolescent growth. All of the children, who initially had no scoliosis while still skeletally immature (Risser stages 0 and 1), were followed at 2-year intervals until they reached skeletal maturity (Risser stages 3 to 5). We assessed the segment of the spine that has previously been shown to be rotationally unstable, the posteriorly inclined segment, to determine if it was predictive of later scoliosis development. For quantification, the area of the “posteriorly inclined triangle” (PIT), a previously described parameter that integrates both the inclination and length of the at-risk segment, was measured.

Results:
Of the 50 children who initially had no scoliosis (mean age at inclusion, 10.7 ± 1.7 years; mean follow-up, 4.8 ± 1.6 years), 24 (48%) developed scoliosis. Patients with an above-average PIT area (>60 cm2) at inclusion showed a relative risk of 2.55 for scoliosis development (95% confidence interval [CI]:1.22 to 5.34). PIT inclination was correlated with curve type: a taller and steeper hypotenuse predicted later thoracic scoliosis, while a shorter and less steep inclination predicted the development of (thoraco)lumbar scoliosis.

Conclusions:
This prospective study identified the pre-scoliotic sagittal shape of the spine as a risk factor for the later development of scoliosis in the population of children with 22q11.2DS.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Assessing Nurses' Knowledge on Medication to Reduce Errors in Iraq
Authors: Ali Wasfi Dhahir Abid , Hashoosh Dhuha Radhi , Mishet Husain Sameer , Sabri Samahir Hameed , Atiyah Maher A. 
Published: October 2024

General background: Administering and preparing medications are fundamental aspects of nursing practice that significantly influence patient outcomes. Specific background: Medication errors during preparation or administration can lead to adverse effects, and assessing nurses' knowledge in this area is crucial for improving patient safety. Knowledge gap: Limited studies have examined the specific knowledge of nurses in Iraq, particularly in Basra hospitals, regarding these practices. Aims: This study aims to assess the knowledge of nurses in Basra Governorate hospitals concerning medication preparation and administration, identifying areas for improvement to enhance patient care. Results: The study surveyed 70 nurses (55.71% female and 44.28% male), with 47.1% holding a BSc in nursing sciences, 28.57% with a diploma, and 24.28% from secondary nursing schools. Regarding experience, 31.42% had less than one year, and 30% had 1-5 years of experience. Participants worked across emergency, internal medicine, surgery, and other departments. Nurses demonstrated a significant mean score of 1.84 in knowledge regarding drug preparation practices and a score of 1.74 in knowledge regarding drug administration, both indicating satisfactory understanding but with variability across departments. Novelty: This study provides specific data on nurses' knowledge in Basra hospitals, a region that has not been extensively studied in the context of medication management errors. Implications: These findings suggest that while nurses possess adequate knowledge of drug preparation and administration, continued education and training, especially for less experienced nurses, may further enhance patient safety. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions in Basra to address gaps in clinical practice and reduce medication errors.
Highlights:

Medication errors directly affect patient outcomes and treatment effectiveness.
Nurses’ knowledge varies by experience and department in Basra hospitals.
Continuous training improves medication safety and patient care quality.

Keywords: Nursing knowledge, medication errors, drug preparation, drug administration, Basra hospitals.
Rising Cases of Hb H Disease in Iraq Highlight the Urgent Need for Pre-Pregnancy Screening
Authors: Zaidi Afak Rasheed Salman 
Published: October 2024

General background: Hemoglobin H (Hb H) disease results from mutations in three of the four α-globin genes, leading to α-thalassemia. Specific background: In Iraq, this condition is rare among alpha-thalassemia cases. The disease presents significant hematological abnormalities, impacting quality of life. Knowledge gap: Despite its rarity, few studies have characterized the hematopathological features and prevalence of Hb H disease in specific Iraqi regions. Aims: This study aimed to assess the hematological parameters and prevalence of Hb H disease among patients in Diyala province, Iraq. Results: A total of 81 patients with Hb H disease (53.18% male, 46.91% female) were registered at the Baqubah Teaching Hospital in 2023. Median patient age was 21.8 years (range 4-48). Hematological analysis revealed consistently low levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) compared to standard values. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was also significantly reduced, with 58.02% of patients presenting Hb levels below 10 g/dL. The 21-40 age group had the highest incidence (46.91%). Novelty: This study is among the few to investigate Hb H disease prevalence and hematopathological characteristics in Diyala province, revealing an unexpectedly high incidence in the 21-40 age group. Implications: These findings suggest that hematological parameters, including MCV and Hb levels, should be considered in thalassemia screening programs, particularly in pre-pregnancy assessments, to prevent the birth of children with severe forms of alpha-thalassemia and reduce Hb H disease prevalence.
Highlights:

Hb H disease shows low hemoglobin and MCV abnormalities.
Highest incidence occurs in patients aged 21-40 years.
Pre-pregnancy screening reduces severe alpha-thalassemia risk.

Keywords: Hb H disease, alpha-thalassemia, hematological parameters, Diyala province, prevalence
A Review of Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS)
Authors: Kadhum Eftikhaar Hasan 
Published: October 2024

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease of the hair follicle, affecting intertriginous areas such as the axillae, perianal, and inguinal regions. It is more prevalent in females, with peak onset between ages 18 and 29. Specific Background: HS, characterized by nodules, abscesses, and sinus tract scarring, uses the Hurley staging system for disease severity classification, but its limitations exist due to its static clinical features. Knowledge Gap: Although several treatment modalities exist, ranging from antibiotics to surgery, there is no definitive therapy, and the pathogenesis remains poorly understood, complicating early diagnosis and management. Moreover, international diagnostic delays of 8-12 years further hinder patient outcomes. Aims: This study aims to explore the limitations of current classification and treatment approaches, while emphasizing the importance of prevention strategies and timely diagnosis to mitigate HS severity. Results: The Hurley classification, though widely used, fails to account for disease progression or quality of life. Current treatment options depend on disease severity, including topical and systemic antibiotics, hormonal therapies, biologics, and surgical interventions. Prevention strategies, such as laser hair removal and lifestyle modifications (e.g., smoking cessation, weight management), are essential to reducing disease impact. Novelty: This research highlights the under-explored role of early prevention and lifestyle interventions in managing HS and reducing progression through Hurley stages. Implications: Enhanced diagnostic tools, combined with early intervention strategies and a holistic approach to patient care, are necessary to improve clinical outcomes, reduce diagnostic delays, and minimize HS-related morbidity. Further research is needed to better understand the genetic and environmental factors contributing to HS pathogenesis.
Highlights:

HS peaks in females aged 18-29 with chronic skin inflammation.
8-12 years diagnostic delay worsens disease severity and treatment.
Prevention: laser hair removal, lifestyle changes reduce HS progression.

Keywords: Hidradenitis suppurativa, Hurley staging, inflammatory skin disease, prevention, diagnostic delays