bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Health in Tanzania: Unmasking Its Neglected Dimension
Authors: Edward Majani , Agyapong Daniel , Paul Innocent Kitandu , Idris Ibrahim , Boris Gbassara Koulagna , Kengo Nathan Ezie , Kpiebaya Emelia Azeyele , Musa Shuaibu Saidu , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe World Health Organization's definition of oral health underscores its holistic nature encompassing physiological, psychosocial, and functional dimensions. The current estimates of oral diseases in Tanzania and around the world underscore the urgency of intervention, particularly in light of rising sugar consumption trends. The unique challenges facing Tanzania, including inadequate knowledge, limited infrastructure, and disparities in oral healthcare access, are analyzed within the broader context of sub‐Saharan Africa's health priorities. This article addresses the multifaceted challenges of oral health neglect in Tanzania, emphasizing the imperative need for a comprehensive and integrated approach. The discussion offers a detailed exploration of determinants contributing to oral health neglect, spanning socioeconomic, behavioral, and commercial factors, with a focus on their implications for Tanzanian communities. Recommendations are presented as a strategic roadmap, encompassing public health education, integrated healthcare services, government intervention, educational programs, community engagement, financial accessibility, and research initiatives. By synthesizing these recommendations into a cohesive framework, a proactive and collaborative approach to mitigate the consequences of oral health neglect in Tanzania, emphasizing the need for transformative policies and cultural sensitivity, is therefore envisioned.
Mitochondrial STED Imaging and Membrane Potential Monitoring with a Cationic Molecular Probe
Authors: Gao Lu , Dalapati Rana , Gao Beibei , Huang Xiaoyu , Zhao Dan , Wang Fu , Zang Ling 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMitochondria are essential organelles that not only undergo dynamic morphological changes but also exhibit functional activities such as mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). While super‐resolution techniques such as stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy can visualize the ultrastructure of mitochondria and the MMP probe can monitor mitochondria function, few dyes meet both demands. Here, a small molecule (MitoPDI‐90) based on perylene diimide with cationic groups is reported and used for mitochondrial STED imaging and MMP indication. Characterized by excellent photostability, biocompatibility, and high quantum yield, MitoPDI‐90 exhibits STED imaging compatibility, facilitating visualization of mitochondrial cristae and time‐lapse imaging of highly dynamic mitochondria in living cells. Besides, MitoPDI‐90 targets the mitochondria through electrical potential, also enabling live‐cell MMP monitoring. MitoPDI‐90 allows for super‐resolution visualization and time‐lapse imaging of mitochondria, and more importantly, indication of changes in MMP, providing insight into the functional activity of live‐cell mitochondria.
Sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings in post‐traumatic median nerve neuroma: A case report
Authors: Atik Irfan , Apalan Deniz , Atik Seda , Gul Enes 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNerves are frequently damaged in cases of blunt or penetrating injuries to the limbs. Post‐traumatic neuromas arising from peripheral nerves are formations that emerge after nerve injury, potentially leading to swollen and agonizing nerve terminations upon severance. Post‐traumatic neuromas commonly appear as irregular, non‐cancerous nodules formed due to injury‐induced damage. The most common clinical symptom is neuralgic pain significantly the patient's quality of life. The main peripheral nerve abnormalities that lead to a referral for imaging are benign peripheral nerve tumors such as schwannoma, neurofibroma, and traumatic pathologies. This case report discusses a 35‐year‐old woman who presented with a neuroma in her wrist months after a laceration and trauma, with typical imaging findings on sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging.
Reversed‐Phase Analytical Method for Enantioselective Analysis of Ormeloxifene Hydrochloride: Application to Bulk Drug and Quality Control Analysis
Authors: Sanap Sachin Nashik , Agrawal Sristi , Bisen Amol Chhatrapati , Mishra Anjali , Verma Sarvesh Kumar , Akhtar Tahseen , Haq W. , Kumar Atul , Bhatta Rabi Sankar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe article reports simple, rapid, and novel enantioselective reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) for separation of (−)‐(3R, 4R)‐ormeloxifene hydrochloride (d‐ORM) and (+)‐(3S, 4S)‐ormeloxifene hydrochloride (l‐ORM) (ORM, centchroman) using chiral stationary phase (Chiral‐AGP, Chiracel OJ‐RH, and ChiraDEX HR). The best enantiomeric separation was obtained on the ChiraDEX HR (α = 0.89, Rs = 1.9) column with a gradient mode elution using a combination of ammonium acetate (10 mM, pH 4.0) and methanol as a mobile phase. The flow rate and column oven temperature were 0.7 mL/min and 30°C, respectively. The detection limits (λmax 280 nm) for d‐ORM and l‐ORM were 0.170 and 0.169 µg/mL, whereas quantification limits were 0.516 and 0.512 µg/mL. The method was validated according to the International Council on Harmonization (ICH) regulatory Guidelines Q2 (R1) in terms of its accuracy, precision, sensitivity, linearity, specificity, robustness, and solution stability. The designed analytical method could be extended as a quality control tool for pharmaceutical quality assessments as well as isomeric quantification of ORM in industrial bulk manufacturing.
The Novel Application of EUK‐134 in Retinal Degeneration: Preventing Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress‐Triggered Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Apoptosis by Suppressing MAPK/p53 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Tsou Shang‐Chun , Chuang Chen‐Ju , Hsu Chin‐Lin , Chen Tzu‐Chun , Yeh Jui‐Hsuan , Wang Meilin , Wang Inga , Chang Yuan‐Yen , Lin Hui‐Wen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness, is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. EUK‐134 is a mimetic of SOD2 and catalase, widely used for its antioxidant properties in models of light‐induced damage or oxidative stress. However, its effects on the retina are not yet clear. Here, we investigated the capability of EUK‐134 in averting AMD using sodium iodate (NaIO3)‐induced Balb/c mouse and ARPE‐19 cells (adult RPE cell line). In vivo, EUK‐134 effectively antagonized NaIO3‐induced retinal deformation and prevented outer and inner nuclear layer thinning. In addition, it was found that the EUK‐134‐treated group significantly down‐regulated the expression of cleaved caspase‐3 compared with the group treated with NaIO3 alone. Our results found that EUK‐134 notably improved cell viability by preventing mitochondrial ROS accumulation‐induced membrane potential depolarization‐mediated apoptosis in NaIO3‐inducted ARPE‐19 cells. Furthermore, we found that EUK‐134 could inhibit p‐ERK, p‐p38, p‐JNK, p‐p53, Bax, cleaved caspase‐9, cleaved caspase‐3, and cleaved PARP by increasing Bcl‐2 protein expression. Additionally, we employed MAPK pathway inhibitors by SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor), U0126 (an ERK inhibitor), and SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) to corroborate the aforementioned observation. The results support that EUK‐134 may effectively prevent mitochondrial oxidative stress‐mediated retinal apoptosis in NaIO3‐induced retinopathy.
Patent urachus with subcutaneous communication and ventral abdominal swelling in a domestic short‐hair cat
Authors: Evans Douglas , Banks Charlotte Louise , Simpson Matthew , Llanos Cesar , Rossanese Matteo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA 3‐month‐old, male, entire, domestic shorthair kitten underwent investigations for stranguria and haematuria, and was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection secondary to a suspected extramural vesicourachal diverticulum. Lower urinary tract signs resolved with a 14‐day course of amoxicillin clavulanate. Three months later, the kitten re‐presented for investigation of acute onset ventral abdominal discomfort and bruising. On presentation, clinical examination revealed omphalitis and subcutaneous bruising, with no evidence of an umbilical stoma. Ultrasonography demonstrated a patent urachus communicating with the subcutaneous tissue space, resulting in accumulation of urine at the level of the umbilicus. A ventral midline coeliotomy was performed to allow resection of the urachal remnant, including a partial cystectomy. The cat was urinating normally within 10 hours postoperatively, and the wound healed without complication. No postoperative complications or recurrent lower urinary tract signs were reported at follow‐up (312 days).
Sub‐lethal effects of metals and pesticides on the freshwater dinoflagellate Palatinus apiculatus and environmental implications
Authors: Bui Quynh Thi Nhu , Kim Taehee , Kim Han‐Sol , Lee Seokmin , Lee Seungjun , Ki Jang‐Seu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicroalgae are unicellular, photosynthetic organisms in aquatic environments and are sensitive to water quality and contaminants. While green algae and diatoms are widely used for toxicity assessments, there is a relatively limited amount of toxicity data available for freshwater dinoflagellates. Here, we evaluated the sub‐lethal effects of the metals Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn and the herbicides atrazine and S‐metolachlor on the freshwater dinoflagellate Palatinus apiculatus. Based on the 72‐h median effective concentration (EC50), P. apiculatus showed sensitive responses to metals in the order of Cu (0.052 mg L−1), Cr (0.085 mg L−1), Zn (0.098 mg L−1), and Ni (0.13 mg L−1). Among the tested herbicides, P. apiculatus was more sensitive to atrazine (0.0048 mg L−1) than S‐metolachlor (0.062 mg L−1). In addition, we observed morphological alterations and significant increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cells exposed to 0.05 mg L−1 of Cu and 0.005 mg L−1 of atrazine. These indicated that metals and pesticides induced oxidative stress in cellular metabolic processes and consequently caused severe physiological damage to the cells. Our results provide baseline data on the toxic effects of typical environmental contaminants on freshwater dinoflagellate, suggesting that P. apiculatus could be used as a bioindicator in freshwater toxicity assessments.Practitioner Points
The sub‐lethal effects of metals and pesticides on the freshwater dinoflagellate Palatinus apiculatus were evaluated.
Palatinus sensitively responded to metals and pesticides; of test chemicals, atrazine (0.0048 mg L−1 of EC50) was the most sensitive.
Metals and pesticides induced oxidative stress and consequently caused severe physiological damage to the Palatinus cells.
The freshwater dinoflagellate Palatinus can be used as a bioindicator in freshwater toxicity assessments.
Temporal Conflicts and the Victimhood Communities (Un)Bound by Memory
Authors: Milošević Ana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDoes time really heal everything? Time, of course, is not a healer, yet it is believed that a painful and difficult situation will seem less bad as time passes. How can we capture and explore the role of time in the experiences of the victims? How do relationships between the past, present, and future, inform, manifest in, and shape the lives of those affected by terrorism? Is the memory of trauma suffered frozen in time and minds like a photograph and immune to the passing of time? This chapter will engage with questions of the temporality of victimhood within communities bound by memory as a shared experience. It will analyse time as a fluid, rather than static, multifocal rather than narrowly perceived category reflected in victims’ experiences.
20 Years On. A Walk Through the Memorialisation of the 11M Attacks
Authors: Toribio Medina Mireya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe 11 March 2004 attacks in Madrid (11M) constituted a moment that would mark the political and social dynamics of collective remembrance in contemporary Spain. These processes of commemoration of traumatic events are inherently complex. They intertwine intimate and collective mourning experiences that are not straightforward practices. Added to this equation is the difficulty of managing these practices for institutions. The immediate aftermath of the 11M attacks was characterised by expressions of solidarity and mutual support. Yet, an impending general election and the complex pre-existing political landscape fostered controversy, and the institutions’ handling of both the aftermath and the subsequent memorialisation has been fraught with difficulty. This is made visible through a closer look at the sites of memory that commemorate the victims of the attack in the Spanish capital.
Memory as ‘Temporal Loop’ in the War on Terror: Using the Past to Secure the Future (and Failing)
Authors: Heath-Kelly Charlotte , Pettinger Tom 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOur chapter reflects on how commemoration and ‘the past’ have become implicated within national security practices which anticipate and act upon future insecurity. Across public inquiries, coroners’ investigations and memorialisation, there is an in-built assumption that societies (and security practitioners) should be able to learn from disastrous events.
Contested Memories and the (Re)Construction of Violent Pasts in the Basque Country: A Critical Examination of the Memorial Centre for the Victims of Terrorism in Vitoria-Gasteiz
Authors: Rodrigo-Jusué Itoiz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Memorial Centre for the Victims of Terrorism opened its doors in Vitoria-Gasteiz in 2021. The inauguration of this polemical memorial space not only illustrates the wider ‘battle of narratives’ that is being fought in Spain/the Basque Country particularly since ETA announced a permanent ceasefire in 2011, but also reveals the influential role of public institutions in processes of memorialisation. The analysis of the representation of conflict in memorials enables us to comprehend how particular public ‘truths’ and ways of remembering are fostered as well as to critically enquire into the present interests of particular actors. This chapter analyses the role of exhibition panels and audio-visual materials as well as the strategic employment of silence in this official (re)construction of the past. As a space for remembering (and forgetting), the memorial museum curates conflicts by inscribing actors with a particular status and proposing particular security practices. The chapter concludes with a reflection on counter-memories and their potential to disrupt official discourses and create alternative memories that enable social change.
Hanau/Main: Topography of Immigration, Taboo, and Terror, and Lieu de Mémoire
Authors: Yesilada Karin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUntil February 2020, Hanau at the River Main was just a small town in close proximity to the global financial capital of Frankfurt, rather unnoticed in the shadow. This changed when the terror attack of 19 February 2020, suddenly put Hanau on the map. In the space of a few hours, a male, white, right-wing extremist shooter deliberately killed nine people, in central Hanau and the nearby quarter of Kesselstadt, and then returned home and shot his mother and himself later that night.
Introduction
Authors: Rimas Juozas , Rimas Jr Juozas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe concept of meaning and the search for it (Heraclitus). Interest of the author in the problems of musical expression inspired by the book of the musicologist B. Asaf’ev Musical Form as a Process, and particularly its second part, Intonation. Music as the art of intoned meaning. Intonation as an instrument for feeling the spirit of a creative work. The relationship between interpretation and philosophy in the view of the Lithuanian philosopher A. Maceina. Interpretation as a way for a creative work to come into being. Theory and practice, tekhne and arete (Aristotle). Meaning and orientation towards values from an early age (A. Schopenhauer). Meaning not a given, but a process, movement, direction (in the words of the Lithuanian philosopher R. Pavilionis), or, in the words of the author, “intonational intention.” Knowledge versus understanding (A. Schopenhauer, C. Taylor, Heraclitus). Expression as the result of understanding. The author will use comparative and analogical methods, but does not claim to produce a comprehensive study of the subject of musical expression.
The Difference Between Articulation and Phrasing
Authors: Rimas Juozas , Rimas Jr Juozas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhrasing is a particular segmentation of the musical fabric. Articulation is the factor of expression, according to whose laws the individual parts of a phrase are combined or separated. The views of H. Riemann and H. Keller on the difference between articulation and phrasing. Articulatory slurs: legato slurs, slurs of phrasing and structural slurs. Articulatory purpose (I. Braudo).
Arnold Schönberg on the Musical Idea
Authors: Rimas Juozas , Rimas Jr Juozas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe musical idea is not defined solely by its visible and audible dimension: the text of the notes only roughly conveys its true content. An idea is the production of a relationship between concepts otherwise having no relationship to one another. The idea and the motive as different levels of the being of a musical work. Schönberg downplayed the role of the performer: the idea is a finished product, without any interpretation, as soon as it is notated. Style is transient, idea (the totality of a piece) is eternal. The goal of the musical form is not beauty, but perceptibility; however, if that goal is achieved, then beauty emerges of itself. Schönberg composed by juxtaposing motifs and themes rather than 12 tones one with another. Schönberg’s concept of the musical idea shares a similarity with the theory of H. Schenker (a primordial structure in all musical works) and B. Asaf’ev’s theory of intonation.
Anton Webern on the “Saying” of Music
Authors: Rimas Juozas , Rimas Jr Juozas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMusic tries to tell people something that couldn’t be said in any other way (presentation of a musical idea by means of notes). The highest principle in all presentation of an idea is the law of comprehensibility (Fasslichkeit). The musical saying depends wholly on the degree to which the object is understood: for music as a language to say something, it requires a speaker who understands.
A T-duality of non-supersymmetric heterotic strings and an implication for Topological Modular Forms
Authors: Saxena Vivek 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Motivated by recent developments connecting non-supersymmetric heterotic string theory to the theory of Topological Modular Forms (TMF), we show that the worldsheet theory with central charge (17,$$ \frac{3}{2} $$

3
2

) obtained by fibering the (E8)1 × (E8)1 current algebra over the two $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 1) sigma model on S1 with antiperiodic spin structure (such that the E8 factors are exchanged as we go around the circle), is continuously connected to the (E8)2 theory in the Gaiotto Johnson-Freyd Witten sense of going “up and down the RG trajectories”. Combined with the work of Tachikawa and Yamashita, this furnishes a physical derivation of the fact that the (E8)2 theory corresponds to the unique nontrivial torsion element [(E8)2] of TMF31 with zero mod-2 elliptic genus.
Composite dark matter with forbidden annihilation
Authors: Abe Tomohiro , Sato Ryosuke , Yamanaka Takumu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A dark matter model based on QCD-like SU(Nc) gauge theory with electroweakly interacting dark quarks is discussed. Assuming the dark quark mass m is smaller than the dynamical scale Λd ~ 4πfd, the main component of the dark matter is the lightest G-parity odd dark pion associated with chiral symmetry breaking in the dark sector. We show that nonzero dark quark mass induces the universal mass contribution to both G-parity odd and even pions, and their masses tend to be degenerate. As a result, dark pion annihilation into heavier G-parity even dark pion also affects the dark matter relic abundance. Thus, our setup naturally accommodates forbidden dark matter scenario and realizes heavy dark matter whose mass is $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1–100) TeV, which is different from conventional electroweakly interacting dark matter such as minimal dark matter. We also discuss CP-violation from the θ-term in the dark gauge sector and find that the predicted size of the electron electric dipole moment can be as large as ∼ 10−32e cm.
Cartesian closed varieties I: the classification theorem
Authors: Garner Richard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn 1990, Johnstone gave a syntactic characterisation of the equational theories whose associated varieties are cartesian closed. Among such theories are all unary theories—whose models are sets equipped with an action by a monoid M—and all hyperaffine theories—whose models are sets with an action by a Boolean algebra B. We improve on Johnstone’s result by showing that an equational theory is cartesian closed just when its operations have a unique hyperaffine–unary decomposition. It follows that any non-degenerate cartesian closed variety is a variety of sets equipped with compatible actions by a monoid M and a Boolean algebra B; this is the classification theorem of the title.
Glucose metabolite methylglyoxal induces vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis via NLRP3 inflammasome activation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wang Yanan , Chen Jinxiang , Zheng Youkun , Jiang Jun , Wang Liqun , Wu Jianbo , Zhang Chunxiang , Luo Mao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMethylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive dicarbonyl metabolite of glucose, plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and vascular complications. Our previous studies have shown that MGO is associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptotic cell death in endothelial cells (ECs). Pyroptosis is a novel form of inflammatory caspase-1-dependent programmed cell death that is closely associated with the activation of the NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Recent studies have shown that sulforaphane (SFN) can inhibit pyroptosis, but the effects and underlying mechanisms by which SFN affects MGO-induced pyroptosis in endothelial cells have not been determined. Here, we found that SFN prevented MGO-induced pyroptosis by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed that SFN dose-dependently prevented MGO-induced HUVEC pyroptosis, inhibited pyroptosis-associated biochemical changes, and attenuated MGO-induced morphological alterations in mitochondria. SFN pretreatment significantly suppressed MGO-induced ROS production and the inflammatory response by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1) signaling pathway by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Similar results were obtained in vivo, and we demonstrated that SFN prevented MGO-induced oxidative damage, inflammation and pyroptosis by reversing the MGO-induced downregulation of the NLRP3 signaling pathway through the upregulation of Nrf2. Additionally, an Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) noticeably attenuated the protective effects of SFN on MGO-induced pyroptosis and ROS generation by inhibiting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and a ROS scavenger (NAC) and a permeability transition pore inhibitor (CsA) completely reversed these effects. Moreover, NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950) and caspase-1 inhibitor (VX765) further reduced pyroptosis in endothelial cells that were pretreated with SFN. Collectively, these findings broaden our understanding of the mechanism by which SFN inhibits pyroptosis induced by MGO and suggests important implications for the potential use of SFN in the treatment of vascular diseases.