bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The phosphodiesterase type 2 inhibitor BAY 60‐7550 reverses functional impairments induced by brain ischemia by decreasing hippocampal neurodegeneration and enhancing hippocampal neuronal plasticity
Authors: Soares Ligia Mendes , Meyer Erika , Milani Humberto , Steinbusch Harry W. M. , Prickaerts Jos , de Oliveira Rúbia M. Weffort 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCognitive and affective impairments are the most characterized consequences following cerebral ischemia. BAY 60‐7550, a selective phosphodiesterase type 2 inhibitor (PDE2‐I), presents memory‐enhancing and anxiolytic‐like properties. The behavioral effects of BAY 60‐7550 have been associated with its ability to prevent hydrolysis of both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) thereby interfering with neuronal plasticity. Here, we hypothesize that PDE2‐I treatment could promote functional recovery after brain ischemia. Mice C57Bl/6 were submitted to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), an experimental model of transient brain ischemia, for 20 min. During 21 days after reperfusion, the animals were tested in a battery of behavioral tests including the elevated zero maze (EZM), object location task (OLT) and forced swim test (FST). The effects of BAY 60‐7550 were evaluated on neuronal nuclei (NeuN), caspase‐9, cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus. BCCAO increased anxiety levels, impaired hippocampus‐dependent cognitive function and induced despair‐like behavior in mice. Hippocampal neurodegeneration was evidenced by a decrease in NeuN and increase incaspase‐9 protein levels in BCCAO mice. Ischemic mice also showed low BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus. Repeated treatment with BAY 60‐7550 attenuated the behavioral impairments induced by BCCAO in mice. Concomitantly, BAY 60‐7550 enhanced expression of pCREB and BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus of ischemic mice. The present findings suggest that chronic inhibition of PDE2 provides functional recovery in BCCAO mice possibly by augmenting hippocampal neuronal plasticity.
Modulation of cue‐triggered reward seeking by cholinergic signaling in the dorsomedial striatum
Authors: Ostlund Sean B. , Liu Angela T. , Wassum Kate M. , Maidment Nigel T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe dorsomedial striatum (DMS) has been strongly implicated in flexible, outcome‐based decision making, including the outcome‐specific Pavlovian‐to‐instrumental transfer effect (PIT), which measures the tendency for a reward‐predictive cue to preferentially motivate actions that have been associated with the predicted reward over actions associated with different rewards. Although the neurochemical underpinnings of this effect are not well understood, there is growing evidence that striatal acetylcholine signaling may play an important role. This study investigated this hypothesis by assessing the effects of intra‐DMS infusions of the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine or the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine on expression of specific PIT in rats. These treatments produced dissociable behavioral effects. Mecamylamine infusions enhanced rats’ tendency to use specific cue‐elicited outcome expectations to select whichever action was trained with the predicted outcome, relative to their performance when tested after vehicle infusions. In contrast, scopolamine infusions appeared to render instrumental performance insensitive to this motivational influence of reward‐paired cues. These drug treatments had no detectable effect on conditioned food cup approach behavior, indicating that they selectively perturbed cue‐guided action selection without producing more wide‐ranging alterations in behavioral control. Our findings reveal an important role for DMS acetylcholine signaling in modulating the impact of cue‐evoked reward expectations on instrumental action selection.
Ageing affects dual encoding of periodicity and envelope shape in rat inferior colliculus neurons
Authors: Herrmann Björn , Parthasarathy Aravindakshan , Bartlett Edward L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractExtracting temporal periodicities and envelope shapes of sounds is important for listening within complex auditory scenes but declines behaviorally with age. Here, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) and spikes to investigate how ageing affects the neural representations of different modulation rates and envelope shapes in the inferior colliculus of rats. We specifically aimed to explore the input–output (LFP‐spike) response transformations of inferior colliculus neurons. Our results show that envelope shapes up to 256‐Hz modulation rates are represented in the neural synchronisation phase lags in younger and older animals. Critically, ageing was associated with (i) an enhanced gain in onset response magnitude from LFPs to spikes; (ii) an enhanced gain in neural synchronisation strength from LFPs to spikes for a low modulation rate (45 Hz); (iii) a decrease in LFP synchronisation strength for higher modulation rates (128 and 256 Hz) and (iv) changes in neural synchronisation strength to different envelope shapes. The current age‐related changes are discussed in the context of an altered excitation‐inhibition balance accompanying ageing.
Geographies of memory, place and identity: Intersections in remembering war and conflict
Authors: Drozdzewski Danielle , De Nardi Sarah , Waterton Emma 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe terms memory, place and identity exemplify the core concerns of geographical inquiry – focusing on linkages between people, place, and culture. In this review, we hone in on the intersections between these three terms in the context of the remembrance of war and conflict. We seek to highlight how memory informs the construction and maintenance of identities (personal, national, and supranational) post‐conflict and post‐war, and how these identities are drawn upon and articulated through place. In doing so, we also explore how investigations of and in memory benefit from methodologies that engage with more‐than‐human and more‐than‐representational approaches. We take this stance because memory is a powerful force invoking experience, emotion, and an awakening of the senses. Its affective capacity moves beyond stoic representations of memory in stone and marble, for example; it can be smelt, touched, felt, imagined, tasted, and heard. Any one of these sensations has the agency to transport us not only to different times but to different places. With this in mind, we use this review to investigate how memory (re)produces and maintains the identity of places, communities, and nations. Understanding the links between memory, identity, and place also leads to a concomitant process of comprehending the influence of a politics of memory in the (re)production of both places and identities.
Bleeding and liver transplantation outcomes in haemophilia
Authors: Mehta K. D. , Ragni M. V. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundHepatitis C is the major cause of end‐stage liver disease and the major indication for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx) in individuals with haemophilia.AimTo assess the epidemiology and outcomes of OLTx in U.S. haemophilia patients.MethodsWe investigated haemophilia liver transplant recipients between 1993 and 2012, using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, identified by ICD9 code 50.59.ResultsOf the 11 267 (weighted n = 54 691) patients undergoing OLTx, 44 (0.4%; weighted n = 213) had haemophilia. Those with haemophilia were more likely than non‐haemophilic OLTx recipients to have bleeding complications (45.3% vs. 31.5%, P = 0.009) and hypovolemic shock (7.0% vs. 1.1%, P < 0.0001). They also had a significantly higher incidence of HIV (24.8% vs. 0.5%, P < 0.005), hepatitis B (16.2% vs. 7.9%, P = 0.04) and vitamin K deficiency (2.1% vs. 0.02%, P < 0.001). In spite of these differences, there was no difference in in‐hospital mortality between haemophilic and non‐haemophilic recipients (6.8% vs. 6.2%, P = 0.9). In multivariate logistic regression, bleeding complications in haemophilia increased the risk of in‐hospital mortality by more than 3‐fold (P < 0.0001), and disseminated intravascular coagulation increased the risk of bleeding complications in haemophilic recipients by over 10‐fold (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsBleeding complications are common in haemophilia OLTx recipients. Thus, aggressive correction of coagulation defects in this group may be a medically sound approach to reduce complications and mortality associated with OLTx.
Factors affecting patient presentation at a national dermatology referral clinic in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Song Eunice S. , Musinguzi Patrick , Dieckhaus Kevin D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study sought to gain a better understanding of the patient population in Kampala and was further designed to elucidate barriers that may delay individuals from receiving proper dermatologic care.MethodsThe study took place at the dermatovenereology clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Kampala. New adult patients were surveyed in July and August of 2013. The primary dependent variable was time from reported onset of symptoms to presentation to the clinic. Participant demographic characteristics, medical and treatment history, and perception of illness as measured by the dermatology life quality index (DLQI) were assessed.ResultsA total of 232 subjects participated in the study. The most common skin diseases were allergic (20.3%), infectious (15.1%), follicular (7.8%), and papulosquamous (7.8%) disorders. Greater home distance from the clinic correlated with later presentation times (r = 0.259, P < 0.001). DLQI score was not correlated with presentation time. HIV+ individuals presented earlier (mean 5 vs. 11 months, P = 0.043) and had higher DLQI scores (mean 12.6 vs. 9.3, P = 0.006) than HIV– individuals. The majority of participants (72.5%) had contact with at least one other healthcare worker (HCW) for management of their dermatologic symptoms; 65.8% reported that these previous treatments were ineffective.ConclusionsEfforts to educate HCWs should be focused on districts outside of Kampala and highlight recognition and proper treatment of allergic diseases. HCWs should aggressively treat skin problems in HIV+ individuals. HCWs practicing in Kampala without formal dermatological training should refer patients with skin disease to the clinic, as patients may receive care that is more appropriate.
Ultrasonography as an objective tool for assessment of infantile hemangioma treatment with propranolol
Authors: Rotter Anita , Samorano Luciana Paula , de Oliveira Labinas Glaucia Helena , Alvarenga Juliana Gobbi , Rivitti‐Machado Maria Cecília , Bouer Márcio , Santos Paulo C. C. , Silvestre Daniel A. M. , de Oliveira Zilda Najjar Prado 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundInfantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign vascular tumors of childhood. Propranolol is an effective drug in treating IH. A reliable and complementary instrument is necessary to evaluate IH response to propranolol in addition to clinical and photographic assessments. Ultrasonography is a simple and non‐invasive technique that enables precise measurements of tumor size and contributes to objective follow‐up.ObjectiveTo demonstrate the use of serial ultrasonography as an adjunctive tool for assessment of IH treatment with propranolol.Patients and methodsA retrospective study of 19 patients with IH treated with propranolol was conducted from January 2009 to March 2014. Data of individual IH volume at the beginning and at least 6 months after the onset of treatment and overall volume reduction by ultrasonographic measurement were obtained.ResultsWe observed a statistically significant IH volume reduction of approximately 0.51 cm3. This volume corresponds to an average reduction of 47% in the final volume compared with the initial volume.ConclusionUltrasonographic measurements contribute to demonstrate tumor regression and IH response to propranolol. Thus, ultrasonography is an important instrument to guide therapeutic strategies.
Percutaneous Trans‐Coronary Venous Mitral Annuloplasty in Patients With Functional Mitral Regurgitation: Analysis of Poznan Carillon Registry Data
Authors: Kałmucki Piotr , Jerzykowska Olga , Dankowski Rafał , Baszko Artur , Kramer Lucyna , Szyszka Andrzej , Siminiak Tomasz 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of our study is to verify, whether percutaneous mitral annuloplasty results in reverse remodeling in patients with functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) and impaired ejection fraction (EF) and to investigate which echo parameters may help in prediction of the efficacy of the procedure.BackgroundFMR exacerbates left ventricular (LV) dilatation and contributes to both LV remodeling and heart failure.MethodsWe analyzed baseline and 1 month follow‐up data in 22 consecutive patients with FMR, who underwent successful percutaneous trans‐coronary venous mitral annuloplasty with the Carillon device.ResultsSignificant reduction of FMR echo parameters, including vena contracta (VC), effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA), and regurgitant volume (RV) were observed and maintained throughout 1 month follow up and did not correlate with baseline annular, LV or with the left atrial diameters. Baseline mitral tenting area correlated negatively with the relative improvement (% difference) of EROA (r = −0.5898) and RV (r = −0.4363), but not with VC (r = 0.1341). In addition, increased EF as well as a significant reduction in left ventricular diameters were noted. The increase in EF negatively correlated with the change in EROA (r = −0.50058), PISA (r = −0.5327), and RV (r = −0.5457). Baseline mitral tenting area significantly correlated with the 1 month change in EF (r = 0.5946) and stroke volume (r = 0.6913).ConclusionsThe improvement of FMR after treatment with the Carillon device is associated with LV reverse remodeling and an increase in systolic performance, that correlates with the reduction in mitral regurgitation, being not dependent on baseline heart diameters. Mitral tenting area seems to be an important parameter in prediction of benefit from percutaneous mitral annuloplasty.
Crestal Bone Loss Around Adjacent Dental Implants Restored with Splinted and Nonsplinted Fixed Restorations: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Al Amri Mohammad D. , Kellesarian Sergio Varela 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this systematic review was to compare the crestal bone loss around splinted and nonsplinted adjacent implants.Materials and MethodsTo address the focused question, “Is crestal bone loss around adjacent implants different with splinted from that with nonsplinted restorations?,” indexed databases were searched from 1965 up to and including May 2016 using various combinations of the following keywords: “implant,” “splinted,” “nonsplinted,” “unsplinted,” “connected,” “unconnected,” “nonconnected,” and “bone loss.” Letters to the editor, commentaries, historic reviews, case reports, case series, animal studies, and studies on full‐arch rehabilitation were excluded.ResultsSix studies were included with titanium implants ranging from 114 to 1187 implants. All studies had nonsplinted and splinted restorations that ranged from 20 to 234 restorations and from 60 to 970 restorations, respectively. In all the studies, the follow‐up period after the restoration placement ranged between 1 and 22 years, with a mean follow‐up ranging between 3 and 10.18 ± 3.18 years. In all studies, the mean crestal bone loss for implants restored with nonsplinted restorations ranged between 0.30 ± 0.65 and 1.3 ± 0.2 mm, whereas the mean crestal bone loss for implants restored with splinted restorations ranged between 0.50 ± 0.8 and 1.22 ± 0.95 mm.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this review it is concluded that adjacent implants restored with splinted and nonsplinted fixed restorations did not exhibit a difference in crestal bone loss. The evidence from this systematic review suggests further investigation.
Poetry and Fin de Siècle Socialism
Authors: Harris Kirsten 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPoetry was a major cultural genre of the so‐called ‘socialist revival’ in late 19th‐century Britain. Poems were sung at meetings and Labour Church services, published in socialist newspapers and periodicals, and gathered together in collections and anthologies. Socialist activists took to verse to make social, political and ideological interventions, and looked back through the literature of the 19th century to construct a democratic canon of verse which seemed to have the ‘Socialist passion for man,’ as one socialist commentator described it, at its heart. In a mixed socialist movement, engaged in heated internal debate over its aims and strategies, discussions about the nature and purpose of socialist poetry fed into wider discussions about the nature and purpose of fin de siècle socialism itself. There has been a burgeoning of scholarly interest in this field in the early 21st century, and this article explores this small but growing body of work, suggesting directions for future research.
Molecular diversity of bacterial endosymbionts associated with dagger nematodes of the genus Xiphinema (Nematoda: Longidoridae) reveals a high degree of phylogenetic congruence with their host
Authors: Palomares‐Rius Juan E. , Archidona‐Yuste Antonio , Cantalapiedra‐Navarrete Carolina , Prieto Pilar , Castillo Pablo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBacterial endosymbionts have been detected in some groups of plant‐parasitic nematodes, but few cases have been reported compared to other groups in the phylum Nematoda, such as animal‐parasitic or free‐living nematodes. This study was performed on a wide variety of plant‐parasitic nematode families and species from different host plants and nematode populations. A total of 124 nematode populations (previously identified morphologically and molecularly) were screened for the presence of potential bacterial endosymbionts using the partial 16S rRNA gene and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal microscopy. Potential bacterial endosymbionts were only detected in nematode species belonging to the genus Xiphinema and specifically in the X. americanum group. Fifty‐seven partial 16S rRNA sequences were obtained from bacterial endosymbionts in this study. One group of sequences was closely related to the genus ‘Candidatus Xiphinematobacter’ (19 bacterial endosymbiont sequences were associated with seven nematode host species, including two that have already been described and three unknown bacterial endosymbionts). The second bacterial endosymbiont group (38 bacterial endosymbiont sequences associated with six nematode species) was related to the family Burkholderiaceae, which includes fungal and soil–plant bacterial endosymbionts. These endosymbionts were reported for the first time in the phylum Nematoda. Our findings suggest that there is a highly specific symbiotic relationship between nematode host and bacterial endosymbionts. Overall, these results were corroborated by a phylogeny of nematode host and bacterial endosymbionts that suggested that there was a high degree of phylogenetic congruence and long‐term evolutionary persistence between hosts and endosymbionts.
Light behind the curtain: photoregulation of nuclear architecture and chromatin dynamics in plants
Authors: Perrella Giorgio , Kaiserli Eirini 
Published: November 2016

SummaryLight is a powerful stimulus regulating many aspects of plant development and phenotypic plasticity. Plants sense light through the action of specialized photoreceptor protein families that absorb different wavelengths and intensities of light. Recent discoveries in the area of photobiology have uncovered photoreversible changes in nuclear organization correlated with transcriptional regulation patterns that lead to de‐etiolation and photoacclimation. Novel signalling components bridging photoreceptor activation with chromatin remodelling and regulation of gene expression have been discovered. Moreover, coregulated gene loci have been shown to relocate to the nuclear periphery in response to light. The study of photoinduced changes in nuclear architecture is a flourishing area leading to major discoveries that will allow us to better understand how highly conserved mechanisms underlying genomic reprogramming are triggered by environmental and endogenous stimuli. This review aims to discuss fundamental and innovative reports demonstrating how light triggers changes in chromatin and nuclear architecture during photomorphogenesis.
Aggradational lobe fringes: The influence of subtle intrabasinal seabed topography on sediment gravity flow processes and lobe stacking patterns
Authors: Spychala Yvonne T. , Hodgson David M. , Stevenson Christopher J. , Flint Stephen S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSeabed topography is ubiquitous across basin‐floor environments, and influences sediment gravity flows and sediment dispersal patterns. The impact of steep (several degrees) confining slopes on sedimentary facies and depositional architecture has been widely documented. However, the influence of gentle (fraction of a degree) confining slopes is less well‐documented, largely due to outcrop limitations. Here, exceptional outcrop and research borehole data from Unit A of the Permian Laingsburg Formation, South Africa, provide the means to examine the influence of subtle lateral confinement on flow behaviour and lobe stacking patterns. The dataset describes the detailed architecture of subunits A.1 to A.6, a succession of stacked lobe complexes, over a palinspastically restored 22 km across‐strike transect. Facies distributions, stacking patterns, thickness and palaeoflow trends indicate the presence of a south‐east facing low angle (fraction of a degree) lateral intrabasinal slope. Interaction between stratified turbidity currents with a thin basal sand‐prone part and a thick mud‐prone part and the confining slope results in facies transition from thick‐bedded sandstones to thin‐bedded heterolithic lobe fringe‐type deposits. Slope angle dictates the distance over which the facies transition occurs (hundreds of metres to kilometres). These deposits are stacked vertically over tens of metres in successive lobe complexes to form an aggradational succession of lobe fringes. Extensive slides and debrites are present at the base of lobe complexes, and are associated with steeper restored slope gradients. The persistent facies transition across multiple lobe complexes, and the mass flow deposits, suggests that the intrabasinal slope was dynamic and was never healed by deposition during Unit A times. This study demonstrates the significant influence that even subtle basin‐floor topography has on flow behaviour and depositional architecture of submarine lobe complexes. In addition, we present a new aggradational lobe fringe facies associations and recognition criteria for subtle confinement in less well‐exposed and subsurface basin fills.
Exact Goodness‐of‐Fit Testing for the Ising Model
Authors: Martín del Campo Abraham , Cepeda Sarah , Uhler Caroline 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Ising model is one of the simplest and most famous models of interacting systems. It was originally proposed to model ferromagnetic interactions in statistical physics and is now widely used to model spatial processes in many areas such as ecology, sociology, and genetics, usually without testing its goodness of fit. Here, we propose various test statistics and an exact goodness‐of‐fit test for the finite‐lattice Ising model. The theory of Markov bases has been developed in algebraic statistics for exact goodness‐of‐fit testing using a Monte Carlo approach. However, finding a Markov basis is often computationally intractable. Thus, we develop a Monte Carlo method for exact goodness‐of‐fit testing for the Ising model that avoids computing a Markov basis and also leads to a better connectivity of the Markov chain and hence to a faster convergence. We show how this method can be applied to analyze the spatial organization of receptors on the cell membrane.