bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Google Scholar Could Be Used as a Stand-Alone Resource for Systematic Reviews
Authors: Herman Saori Wendy 
Published: February 2016

A Review of:
Gehanno, J. F., Rollin, L., & Darmoni, S. (2013). Is the coverage of Google Scholar enough to be used alone for systematic reviews. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 13(1): 7. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-13-7

Abstract

Objective – To determine if Google Scholar (GS) is sensitive enough to be used as the sole search tool for systematic reviews.

Design – Citation analysis.

Setting – Biomedical literature.

Subjects – Original studies included in 29 systematic reviews published in the Cochrane Library or JAMA.

Methods – The authors searched MEDLINE for any systematic reviews published in the 2008 and 2009 issues of JAMA or in the July 8, 2009 issue of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. They chose 29 systematic reviews for the study and included these reviews in a gold standard database created specifically for this project. The authors searched GS for the title of each of the original references for the 29 reviews. They computed and noted the recall of GS for each reference.

Main Results – The authors searched GS for 738 original studies with a 100% recall rate. They also made a side discovery of a number of major errors in the bibliographic references.
Conclusion – Researchers could use GS as a stand-alone database for systematic reviews or meta-analyses. With a couple improvements to the rate of positive predictive values and advanced search features, GS could become the leading medical bibliographic database.

Conclusion – Researchers could use GS as a stand-alone database for systematic reviews or meta-analyses. With a couple improvements to the rate of positive predictive values and advanced search features, GS could become the leading medical bibliographic database.
The Impact and Effect of Learning 2.0 Programs in Australian Public Libraries
Authors: Stephens Michael , Cheetham Warren 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Objective – With adoption of the program world-wide, the Learning 2.0 model has been lauded by library professionals as a mechanism to educate library staff and transform libraries. This study, part of the 2009 CAVAL Visiting Scholar project, seeks to measure the impact and legacy of the model within Australian public libraries to understand what benefits, changes and effects occur.

Methods – A national Web-based survey for those who had participated in a learning 2.0 program.

Results – The national survey had 384 respondents, and a total of 64 respondents were identified as the public library staff data set for this article. Public library staff reported success in the program and described feelings of increased confidence, inclusivity, and a move to use emerging technologies as part of library service.

Conclusion – The analysis yields the following thematic areas of impact and effect:
personal practice is enhanced with knowledge and confidence; impact is mainly personal, but organisational changes may follow; the library is using the tools to varying degrees of success, and organizational blocks prevent use of tools. These finding offer evidence that Learning 2.0 programs can have a positive effect on library staff and subsequently on the organization itself.
There is a Relationship between Resource Expenditures and Reference Transactions in Academic Libraries
Authors: Hughes Annie M. 
Published: February 2016

A Review of:
Dubnjakovic, A. (2012). Electronic resource expenditure and the decline in reference transaction statistics in academic libraries. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 38(2), 94-100. doi: 10.1016/j.acalib.2012.01.001

Objective – To provide an analysis of the impact of expenditures on electronic resources and gate counts on the increase or decrease in reference transactions.

Design – Analysis of results of existing survey data from the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) 2006 Academic Library Survey (ALS).

Setting – Academic libraries in the United States.

Subjects – 3925 academic library respondents.

Methods – The author chose to use survey data collected from the 2006 ALS conducted by the NCES. The survey included data on various topics related to academic libraries, but in the case of this study, the author chose to analyze three of the 193 variables included. The three variables: electronic books expenditure, computer hardware and software, and expenditures on bibliographic utilities, were combined into one variable called electronic resource expenditure. Gate counts were also considered as a variable. Electronic resource expenditure was also split as a variable into three groups: low, medium, and high. Multiple regression analysis and general linear modeling, along with tests of reliability, were employed.

Main Results – The author determined that low, medium, and high spenders with regard to electronic resources exhibited differences in gate counts, and gate counts have an effect on reference transactions in any given week. Gate counts tend to not have much of an effect on reference transactions for the higher spenders, and higher spenders tend to have a higher number of reference transactions overall. Low spenders have lower gate counts and also a lower amount of reference transactions.

Conclusion – The findings from this study show that academic libraries spending more on electronic resources also tend to have an increase with regard to reference transactions. The author also concludes that library spaces are no longer the determining factor with regard to number of reference transactions. Spending more on electronic resources is also important to increase both in-person and electronic reference transactions.
Ovid MEDLINE Instruction can be Evaluated Using a Validated Search Assessment Tool
Authors: Badia Giovanna 
Published: February 2016

Objective – To determine the construct validity of a search assessment instrument that is used to evaluate search strategies in Ovid MEDLINE.

Design – Cross-sectional, cohort study.

Setting – The Academic Medical Center of the University of Michigan.

Subjects – All 22 first-year residents in the Department of Pediatrics in 2004 (cohort 1); 10 senior pediatric residents in 2005 (cohort 2); and 9 faculty members who taught evidence based medicine (EBM) and published on EBM topics.
Methods – Two methods were employed to determine whether the University of Michigan MEDLINE Search Assessment Instrument (UMMSA) could show differences between searchers’ construction of a MEDLINE search strategy.

The first method tested the search skills of all 22 incoming pediatrics residents (cohort 1) after they received MEDLINE training in 2004, and again upon graduation in 2007. Only 15 of these residents were tested upon graduation; seven were either no longer in the residency program, or had quickly left the institution after graduation. The search test asked study participants to read a clinical scenario, identify the search question in the scenario, and perform an Ovid MEDLINE search. Two librarians scored the blinded search strategies.

The second method compared the scores of the 22 residents with the scores of ten senior residents (cohort 2) and nine faculty volunteers. Unlike the first cohort, the ten senior residents had not received any MEDLINE training. The faculty members’ search strategies were used as the gold standard comparison for scoring the search skills of the two cohorts.

Main Results – The search strategy scores of the 22 first-year residents, who received training, improved from 2004 to 2007 (mean improvement: 51.7 to 78.7; t(14)=5.43, P
Eurobond Issue And Firm Value
Authors: Ardalan Roya K. 
Published: February 2016

This study explores differences between US-bonds and Eurobonds and analyzes the effect of some Eurobond characteristics on firm value. First, it attempts to determine if investors view U.S. and Eurobonds similarly, especially after the change in tax laws that exempted U.S.-bond holders from paying 30 percent withholding taxes. Then, the paper analyzes the effect of some of the Eurobond issue characteristics such as issue size, issue frequency, yield spread, and maturity term on firm value. The results show that Eurobonds provide investors an alternative for portfolio diversification, and as a result, the bond market remained segmented. Also, the increase in firm value was statistically significant for the firm’s first Eurobond issue. The increase in firm value for the subsequent Eurobond issues was not statistically significant.
Financial Statements Are About To Get A New Look
Authors: Jr. Clemense Ehoff 
Published: February 2016

In October 2008, The FASB and the IASB issued a discussion letter for comment proposing a complete redesign of financial statements. This was the result of a project that began for both boards in 2001. More than 200 comment letters were received from individuals, accounting firms, professional societies, corporations, and others from the business community. The FASB and IASB have analyzed the input, and are currently preparing an exposure draft scheduled for release in early 2011. This paper reviews the proposed changes to the financial statements, summarizes the favorable and unfavorable responses contained in the comment letters, and examines the implications that the changes will have on the business community, the accounting profession, educators, and investors.
Dryland Soil Greenhouse Gases and Yield‐Scaled Emissions in No‐Till and Organic Winter Wheat–Fallow Systems
Authors: Hurisso Tunsisa T. , Norton Urszula , Norton Jay B. , Odhiambo Judith , Del Grosso Stephen J. , Hergert Gary W. , Lyon Drew J. 
Published: February 2016

Core Ideas
Dryland organic and no‐till wheat‐fallow systems impact GHG and wheat yields.
The organic system produced more wheat grain yield than the no‐till system in a dry year.
The organic system had greater GHG emissions during the fallow period.
Concerted effort toward reducing tillage is needed to reduce overall GHG emission in dryland organic wheat–fallow systems.
In the semiarid central Great Plains of the United States, cropping intensification beyond the traditional winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow rotation along with reduced tillage can lead to soil organic matter (SOM) conservation and offset greenhouse gas emission. Here, we quantified (i) soil greenhouse gas (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes, and (ii) yield‐scaled GHG emissions from dryland no‐till (NT) and organic production systems in western Nebraska over a 2‐yr period. The systems evaluated were no‐till winter wheat–proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)–fallow (NT 3 yr), no‐till winter wheat–millet–fallow–winter wheat–sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)–fallow (NT 6 yr), and organic winter wheat–millet or sunflower–fallow (Organic 3 yr). In 2012 and 2013, CO2 and N2O fluxes in the winter wheat phase were generally higher in the no‐till systems relative to the Organic 3‐yr system. In the fallow phase, however, these fluxes were higher in the Organic 3‐yr system than in the NT 6‐yr system, suggesting greater mineralization under the former. In 2013, fluxes of CH4 in the winter wheat phase tended to be higher in the Organic 3‐yr system than in the no‐till systems. Compared with the NT 6‐yr system, the Organic 3‐yr system had lower yield‐scaled emission in the winter wheat phase in 2012 (0.026 vs. 0.014 Mg [CH4 + N2O] in CO2 equivalent Mg−1 yield). More effort toward reducing tillage‐caused soil disturbance intensity is needed to further reduce CO2 and N2O emissions and SOM depletion in dryland organic winter wheat–fallow production systems.
Gas–particle partitioning and hydrolysis of organic nitrates formed from the oxidation of α-pinene in environmental chamber experiments
Authors: Bean Jeffrey K. , Hildebrandt Ruiz Lea 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Gas–particle partitioning and hydrolysis of organic nitrates (ON) influences their role as sinks and sources of NOx and their effects on the formation of tropospheric ozone and organic aerosol (OA). In this work, organic nitrates were formed from the photo-oxidation of α-pinene in environmental chamber experiments under different conditions. Particle-phase ON hydrolysis rates, consistent with observed ON decay, exhibited a nonlinear dependence on relative humidity (RH): an ON decay rate of 2 day−1 was observed when the RH ranged between 20 and 60 %, and no significant ON decay was observed at RH lower than 20 %. In experiments when the highest observed RH exceeded the deliquescence RH of the ammonium sulfate seed aerosol, the particle-phase ON decay rate was as high as 7 day−1 and more variable. The ON gas–particle partitioning was dependent on total OA concentration and temperature, consistent with absorptive partitioning theory. In a volatility basis set, the ON partitioning was consistent with mass fractions of [0 0.11 0.03 0.86] at saturation mass concentrations (C*) of [1 10 100 1000] µg m−3.
Three Discussions on Object-Oriented Typing
Authors: Palsberg Jens , Schwartzbach Michael I. 
Published: February 2016

<p>This paper summarizes three discussions conducted at the ECOOP'91 W5 Workshop on ''Types, Inheritance, and Assignments'' Tuesday July 16, 1991 in Geneva, Switzerland, organized by the authors.</p><p> </p><p>The three discussions were entitled ''Classes versus Types'', ''Static versus Dynamic Typing'', and ''Type Inference''. All these topics were assumed to be volatile and controversial; indeed, a broad range of diverging opinions were represented. However, much superficial disagreement seemed to be rooted in confusions about terminology. When such issues were resolved, there appeared a consensus about basic definitions and the - often incompatible - choices that one is at liberty to make. This clarification, which we hope to have described below, was the most important achievement of the workshop.</p>
Circuit Depth Relative to a Random Oracle
Authors: Miltersen Peter Bro 
Published: February 2016

<p>The study of separation of complexity classes with respect to random oracles was initiated by Bennett and Gill and continued by many other authors.</p><p> </p><p>Wilson defined relativized circuit depth and constructed various oracles A for which</p><p> </p><p> </p><ul> <li> P^A ¬ NC^A </li><li> NC^A_k ¬ NC^A_k+varepsilon, </li><li> AC^A_k ¬ AC^A_k+varepsilon, </li><li> AC^A_k ¬ subset= AC^A_k+1-varepsilon, </li></ul> and <p>NC^A_k not subset= AC^A_ k-varepsilon,</p><p>for all positive rational <em>k</em> and varepsilon, thus separating those classes for which no trivial argument shows inclusion. In this note we show that as a consequence of a single lemma, these separations (or improvements of them) hold with respect to a random oracle A.</p>
Characterization of metabolites in rats after intravenous administration of salvianolic acid for injection by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Miao Jingzhuo , Sun Wanyang , Huang Jingyi , Liu Xiaolin , Li Shuming , Han Xiaoping , Tong Ling , Sun Guoxiang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIt is an essential requirement to clarify the metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections, which contain numerous ingredients, to assess their safe and effective use in clinic. Salvianolic acid for injection (SAFI), made from hydrophilic phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, but information on its metabolites in vivo is still lacking. In the present study, we aimed to holistically characterize the metabolites of the main active ingredients in rat plasma, bile, urine and feces following intravenous administration of SAFI. An ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS) method was developed. Combining information on retention behaviors, multistage mass spectra and literature data, a total of eight prototypes and 52 metabolites were tentatively characterized. Metabolites originated from rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B comprised the majority of identified compounds. Meanwhile, four metabolites derived from salvianolic acid D and five from salvianolic acid B are reported for the first time. This study revealed that methylation, sulfation and glucuronidation were the major metabolic pathways of phenolic acids in SAFI in vivo. Furthermore, the developed UPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS method could also benefit the metabolic investigation of extracts and preparations in TCM with hydrophilic ingredients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Coupling of Alkynes with α‐Bromo Carbonyl Compounds: An Efficient Approach towards β,γ‐Alkynoates and Allenoates
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Chen Zhengwang , Li Lu , Wang Haining , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA direct transition‐metal‐free coupling between alkynes and α‐bromo carbonyl compounds has been developed with ultraviolet (UV) light in aqueous media. This method represents a facile approach to synthetically useful β,γ‐alkynyl esters and amides stereoselectively from two readily available starting materials. As an example of the synthetic application of the products, the alkynyl esters were readily converted into allenoates.
ChemInform Abstract: LOESUNGSMITTELEINFLUSS AUF DIE KERNRESONANZSPEKTREN DER METHYLDERIVATE VON SILICIUM, GERMANIUM, ZINN, BLEI UND QUECKSILBER
Authors: PETROSJAN V. S. , VOJAKIN A. S. , REUTOV O. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Lösungsmittelabhängigkeit der chemischen Verschiebung der Signale der Methylprotonen der Tetramethylverbindungen (I) und von Dimethyl‐Hg (II) korreliert nicht mit dem Solvatationsvermögen der Lösungsmittel.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMIE DER SELENDIOXID‐OX. VON CYCLOHEXENYLSYST.
Authors: TRACHTENBERG E. N. , CARVER J. R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Oxidation zahlreicher alkylierter Cyclohexene, deren Herstellung z.Tl. verbessert wird, durch Selendioxid wird systematisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: OXALSAEUREAMIDE UND ‐HYDRAZIDE 18. MITT. KONDENSATION VON ARENSULFAMIDEN MIT ARYLAMINOAETHYLOXAMIDSAEUREESTERN
Authors: PETJUNIN P. A. , CERNYCH V. P. , BANNYJ I. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Kondensation der Oxamidester (I) (in 70‐81%iger Ausbeute dargestellt aus N‐Aryl‐äthylendiaminen und Diäthyloxalat) mit den Sulfamid‐Salzen (II) in siedendem Methanol liefert die Oxalsäurediamide (IIIa) (Ausbeute 72‐97%), deren Acylierung mit den entsprechenden Säurechloriden bzw. ‐anhydriden die N‐Acylderivate (IIIb) 60‐96%).
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION VON GRIGNARDREAGENTIEN AN PYRIDAZINE 10. MITT. 3‐CHLOR‐6‐DIMETHYLAMINO‐PYRIDAZIN
Authors: CROSSLAND INGOLF , KOFOD HANS 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion des Pyridazins (III) mit den Bromiden (II) liefert nach Protonierung die am C‐5 substituierten Pyridazine (Ia) (18% Ausbeute) bzw. (Ib) (52%), die nach Bromierung über die Bromide (VI) und nachfolgende hydrierende Dehalogenierung die Pyridazine (VII) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐ACETYLMERCAPTO‐ACROLEIN
Authors: BEYER L. , SCHOENE G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPropargylaldehyd (I) reagiert mit Thioessigsäure (II) glatt zum Addukt (III), das mit Hydrazin das Azin (IV), mit Phenylhydrazinen (V) die Hydrazone (VI) gibt.
ChemInform Abstract: HERST. OPTISCH AKTIVER UNSYMMETRISCHER KETONE AUS EINEM (+)‐SAEUREHALOGENID
Authors: DESAI A. P. , VASI I. G. , THAKER K. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAus (+)‐2‐Methyl‐butan‐1‐ol (I) wurden durch Oxidation die optisch aktive Säure (II) und daraus (+)‐1‐Methylbutyrylchlorid (III) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: OX. VON PHENOLEN MIT BLEIDIOXID
Authors: DE JONGE C. R. H. I. , VAN DORT H. M. , VOLLBRACHT L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Oxidation der Phenole (I) mit Bleidioxid wurde untersucht und die jeweils erhaltenen Anteile an p‐Benzochinon (II) und Diphenochinon (III) bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE DER SULFENYLCHLORIDE, KONDENSATION MIT 1,3,2‐DIOXAPHOSPHOLENEN ZU ALPHA‐CHLOR‐BETA‐KETOSULFIDEN
Authors: HARPP D. N. , MATHIAPARANAM P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas substituierte 1,3,2‐Dioxaphospholen (III), hergestellt aus Benzil (I) und Trimethylphosphit (II) unter trockenem Stickstoff, wird mit den Sulfenylchloriden (IV) in exothermer Reaktion zu α‐Chlor‐β‐ketosulfiden (V) umgesetzt (60‐93%).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOADDITION VON ACETYLENDICARBONSAEUREDIMETHYLESTER AN CYCLISCHE AETHER
Authors: SINGH P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAcetylendicarbonsäuredimethylester (II) und überschüssiges Tetrahydrofuran (I) wurden 20 Stdn. lang unter einer Stickstoffatmosphäre mit einer 250‐W‐Hanovia Lampe belichtet, wobei die Verbindung (III) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON TEREPHTHALSAEURE MIT FORMALDEHYD IN SCHWEFELTRIOXID
Authors: FORNEY L. S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTerephthalsäure (I) wird mit Formaldehyd (II) in flüssigem Schwefeltrioxid unter breiter Variation der Bedingungen zum 5‐Carboxy‐phthalid (III) kondensiert; mit überschüssigem (II) können unter milden Bedingungen geringere Anteile an (IVa) in Form des Esters (IVb) isoliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIELLE FOLSAEURE‐ANTAGONISTEN 4. MITT. SYNTH.‐WEGE ZU ANALOGEN VON AMINOPTERIN UND METHOTREXAT 4. MITT. HERST. VON P‐(((2,4‐DIAMINO‐6‐PTERIDINYL)‐METHYL)‐AMINO)‐BENZOESAEUREN
Authors: ELLIOTT R. D. , TEMPLE C. , MONTGOMERY J. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas aus Phthalimidkalium (Ia) hergestellte Epoxid (Ib) liefert über das Bromhydrin (II) das Keton (III), aus dem mit den entsprechenden Aminobenzoesäurederivaten die Kondensate (IVa), (IVb) zugänglich sind.
ChemInform Abstract: OTTO‐RK. DES STRYCHNINS
Authors: REHSE K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei der Oxidation von Strychnin (I) mit Chromoxid in Schwefelsäure erhält man das komplexe Salz (II), welches mit Schwefeldioxid in Schwefelsäure zum 2,2′‐Bi‐Strychnin (III) reduziert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: ARSENORGANOVERBINDUNGEN 15. MITT. ARSINOFUNKTIONELLE GRIGNARDVERBINDUNGEN, R2AS‐(CH2)N‐MGCL
Authors: TZSCHACH ALFRED , NINDEL HORST , KOENIG CHRISTA 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie aus den entsprechenden Chloriden mit Mg erhältlichen Titelverbindungen (II) reagieren mit Kohlendioxid zu den Carbonsäuren (I) (58‐80% Ausbeute) und mit Tributylzinnchlorid (III) zu den Stannylalkylarsinen (IV) (50‐72%).
ChemInform Abstract: EXTRAKTION VON TETRATHENOYLTRIFLUORACETON‐KOMPLEXEN VON SELTENERDMETALLEN MIT ORGANISCHEN BASEN
Authors: KONONENKO L. I. , VITKUN R. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Extraktion von Tetrathenoyltrifluoracetonkomplexen der Seltenerdmetalle mit 2‐Aminopyridin vom Typ ML4°C BH durch Benzol wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: UNTERSUCHUNG DER KOMPLEXBLDG. VON TITAN(IV) MIT AEPFELSAEURE DURCH PHOTOMETRIE UND IONENAUSTAUSCH
Authors: ZOLNIN A. V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch photometrische Untersuchungen des Systems Ti(IV)‐Brenzcatechin‐ Äpfelsäure in wäßriger Lösung wird die Bildung des Komplexes (I) bei pH 4 nachgewiesen und seine Stabilitätskonstante bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: ZIRKONIUM‐ BZW. HAFNIUMANTHRANILATE
Authors: SMIRNOV V. A. , PROZOROVSKAJA Z. N. , KOMISSAROVA L. N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAus Zr‐ bzw. Hf‐acetylacetonat und Anthranilsäure werden in Phthalsäurediäthylester oder Xylol bei 80‐100° und 1‐20 Torr die Komplexe (Ia) in Ausbeuten von 60‐90% dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: METALL‐KOMPLEXE VON N,N′‐DIMETHYLAETHYLENDIAMIN 2. MITT. ELEMENTARZELLE UND EIGENSCHAFTEN VON BIS‐(N,N′‐DIMETHYLAETHYLENDIAMIN)‐CU(II)‐SULFAT‐TETRAHYDRAT
Authors: KORVENRANTA JORMA 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDer Komplex (II) wird durch Umsetzung von Cu‐sulfat‐pentahydrat mit dem Diamin (I) in wäßriger Lösung dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: NIEDERFREQUENTE SCHWINGUNGEN VON RHODIUMFORMIAT UND ‐ACETAT
Authors: CHARITONOV JU. JA. , MAZO G. JA. , KNJAZEVA N. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie IR‐ und Raman‐Spektren von Di‐Rh‐tetraformiat‐dihydrat und ihren Deuteroanalogen in Bereich 60‐600 cm‐1 werden untersucht.