bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Morphologic Changes in Asymptomatic Achilles Tendons in an Active Young Adult Population
Authors: Joseph Michael F. , Anderson Jeffrey M. , Trojian Thomas H. , Crowley John 
Published: August 2016

Context:Achilles tendon rupture is often the result of a long-term degenerative process, frequently occurring asymptomatically.Objective:To determine the prevalence of asymptomatic Achilles tendinopathy in an active, asymptomatic, young-adult population and to compare these findings across gender.Design:Convenience sample, cohort study.Setting:Research laboratoryParticipants:A sample of 52 (28 male, 24 female) healthy, active subjects were recruited from the student body at the University of Connecticut. Images of 104 Achilles tendons were made.Intervention:Ultrasound images made with a Phillips HD11 with a 15-MHz real-time linear-array transducer were collected on both the longitudinal and transverse axes of the Achilles tendon. Activity level was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF).Main Outcome Measure:Presence of ultrasound evidence of Achilles tendinopathy as agreed on by 2 blinded assessors highly skilled in ultrasonography.Results:More subjects were categorized as highly active (57.4%) on the IPAQ-SF than moderately active (42.6%). One female and one male subject were found to have ultrasound evidence of asymptomatic Achilles tendinopathy, equaling 3.8% prevalence in this study.Conclusion:We found a low prevalence of asymptomatic Achilles tendinopathy in an active, young-adult population. Further work is necessary to identify an optimal group warranting ultrasound screening for asymptomatic tendinopathy.
Deep Friction Massage to Treat Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review of a Classic Treatment in the Face of a New Paradigm of Understanding
Authors: Joseph Michael F. , Taft Kathryn , Moskwa Maria , Denegar Craig R. 
Published: August 2016

Study Design:Systematic literature review.Objective:To assess the efficacy of deep friction massage (DFM) in the treatment of tendinopathy.Context:Anecdotal evidence supports the efficacy of DFM for the treatment of tendinopathy. An advanced understanding of the etiopathogenesis of tendinopathy and the resultant paradigm shift away from an active inflammatory model has taken place since the popularization of the DFM technique by Cyriax for the treatment of “tendinitis.” However, increasing mechanical load to the tendinopathic tissue, as well as reducing molecular cross-linking during the healing process via transverse massage, offers a plausible explanation for observed responses in light of the contemporary understanding of tendinopathy.Evidence Acquisition:The authors surveyed research articles in all languages by searching PubMed, Scopus, Pedro, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library using the terms deep friction massage, deep tissue massage, deep transverse massage, Cyriax, soft tissue mobilization, soft tissue mobilisation, cross friction massage, and transverse friction massage. They included 4 randomized comparison trials, 3 at the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) and 1 supraspinatus outlet tendinopathy; 2 nonrandomized comparison trials, both receiving DFM at the ECRB; and 3 prospective noncomparison trials—supraspinatus, ECRB, and Achilles tendons. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were assessed based on PEDro and Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine rating scales.Results:Nine studies met the inclusion criteria.Evidence Synthesis:The heterogeneity of dependent measures did not allow for meta-analysis.Conclusion:The varied locations, study designs, etiopathogenesis, and outcome tools used to examine the efficacy of DFM make a unified conclusion tenuous. There is some evidence of benefit at the elbow in combination with a Mills manipulation, as well as for supraspinatus tendinopathy in the presence of outlet impingement and along with joint mobilization. The examination of DFM as a single modality of treatment in comparison with other methods and control has not been undertaken, so its isolated efficacy has not been established. Excellent anecdotal evidence remains along with a rationale for its use that fits the current understanding of tendinopathy.
Effect of a SERF Strap on Pain and Knee-Valgus Angle During Unilateral Squat and Step Landing in Patellofemoral Patients
Authors: Herrington Lee 
Published: August 2016

Context:A valgus position of the knee on functional loading tasks has been reported to be associated with patellofemoral-joint pain. Training programs to reduce knee valgus have been shown to be effective but take time. It would appear logical to use a brace or strap to help control this knee motion to reduce symptoms.Objective:To assess the impact of the SERF strap on knee valgus and patellofemoral-joint pain.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:University human performance laboratory.Participants:12 women with patellofemoral pain (mean age 24 ± 3.2 y).Intervention:Application of SERF strap.Main Outcome Measures:Knee-valgus angle on single-leg squat and step landing and visual analog scale pain score.Results:The application of the SERF brace significantly reduced the pain (P < .04) and knee valgus (P < .034) during both tasks.Conclusion:The SERF brace brings about a significant reduction in pain during functional tasks. Although the brace brought about a significant reduction in knee valgus, this failed to exceed the smallest-detectable-difference value, so the difference is likely to be related to measurement error. The mechanism as to why this the reduction in pain occurs therefore remains unclear, as this study in line with many others failed to demonstrate meaningful changes in kinematics that could provide an obvious explanation.
Activity Characteristics and Movement Patterns in People With and People Without Low Back Pain Who Participate in Rotation-Related Sports
Authors: Chimenti Ruth L. , Scholtes Sara A. , Van Dillen Linda R. 
Published: August 2016

Many risk factors have been identified as contributing to the development or persistence of low back pain (LBP). However, the juxtaposition of both high and low levels of physical activity being associated with LBP reflects the complexity of the relationship between a risk factor and LBP. Moreover, not everyone with an identified risk factor, such as a movement pattern of increased lumbopelvic rotation, has LBP.Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine differences in activity level and movement patterns between people with and people without chronic or recurrent LBP who participate in rotation-related sports.Design Case:Case-control study.Setting:University laboratory environment.Participants:52 people with chronic or recurrent LBP and 25 people without LBP who all play a rotation-related sport.Main Outcome Measures:Participants completed self-report measures including the Baecke Habitual Activity Questionnaire and a questionnaire on rotation-related sports. A 3-dimensional motion-capture system was used to collect movement-pattern variables during 2 lower-limb-movement tests.Results:Compared with people without LBP, people with LBP reported a greater difference between the sport subscore and an average work and leisure composite subscore on the Baecke Habitual Activity Questionnaire (F = 6.55, P = .01). There were no differences between groups in either rotation-related-sport participation or movement-pattern variables demonstrated during 2 lower-limb-movement tests (P > .05 for all comparisons).Conclusions:People with and people without LBP who regularly play a rotation-related sport differed in the amount and nature of activity participation but not in movement-pattern variables. An imbalance between level of activity during sport and daily functions may contribute to the development or persistence of LBP in people who play a rotation-related sport.
Single-Limb-Balance Difficulty on 4 Commonly Used Rehabilitation Devices
Authors: Stanek Justin M. , Meyer John , Lynall Rob 
Published: August 2016

Context:Balance training is widely used by rehabilitation professionals and has been shown to be effective at reducing risk of injury, as well as improving function after injury. However, objective evidence for the difficulty of commonly available equipment is lacking.Objective:To assess center-of-pressure (COP) area and average sway velocity in healthy subjects while performing a single-limb stance on 4 commonly available rehabilitation devices to determine their level of difficulty.Design:Single-session, randomized, repeated-measures design to assess COP area and average sway velocity while performing a single-limb stance on 4 devices positioned on a force platform.Setting:University laboratory.Subjects:A convenience sample of 57 healthy college-age subjects.Intervention:Each participant balanced on the dominant limb in a nonshod single-limb stance with eyes open for 20 s during 4 conditions. The 4 conditions were randomized and included the Both Sides Up (BOSU) trainer, Airex balance pad, half-foam roller, and DynaDisc.Main Outcome Measure:Means and standard deviations were calculated for maximum displacement in each direction. In addition, the means and standard deviations for COP area and average sway velocity were calculated for the 4 conditions and compared using a 1-way repeated-measure ANOVA.Results:Significant differences were found for both COP area and average sway velocity between the BOSU trainer and the other 3 devices. A significant difference was also found between the DynaDisc and the half-foam roller.Conclusions:Level of difficulty, as measured by COP area and average sway velocity, is different for commonly available rehabilitation equipment. Clinicians may find these results a useful guide when progressing patients through balance training.
Measurement of Knee-Joint-Position Sense in Women with Genu Recurvatum
Authors: Loudon Janice K. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Proprioception of the knee joint.Objective:To determine the difference in knee-joint-angle reproduction in women with and without genu recurvatum (GR).Design:Between-subjects.Setting:Clinic.Subjects:Twenty-four women divided into 2 groups according to their standing knee-extension angle.Main Outcome Measures:Each subject's ability to actively reproduce active positioning of 3 knee angles (10, 30, and 60°) was measured. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine correlation values for standing GR angle and absolute angular error (AAE). A1 -way repeated-measures MANOVA was computed to evaluate differences in group, angle, limb, and trial.Results:Standing GR angle correlated significantly to the AAE angle at 10° (r= .48). The high-recurvatum group consistently scored worse, with the highest error rate occurring at 10°.Conclusion:Individuals with GR might have diminished proprioceptive sense at end-range extension that could potentially lead to knee injury.
Intratester and Intertester Reliability during the Star Excursion Balance Tests
Authors: Hertel Jay , Miller S. John , Denegar Craig R. 
Published: August 2016

0bjective:To estimate intratester and intertester reliability and learning effects during the Star Excursion Balance Tests (SEBTs).Setting:A university athletic training research laboratory.Subjects:Sixteen healthy volunteers with no history of balance disorders or significant lower extremity joint pathology.Measurements:Length of excursion was measured manually for each trial.Results:ICCs for intratester reliability were .78–.96 on day 1 and 32–.96 on day 2. ICCs for intertester reliability were .35–.84 on day 1 and .81–.93 on day 2. Significant learning effects were identified for 4 of the 8 tests.Conclusions:Estimates of intratester and intertester reliability were high, but adequate practice trials should be performed before taking baseline measures.
Quadriceps Concentric EMG Activity Is Greater than Eccentric EMG Activity during the Lateral Step-Up Exercise
Authors: Selseth Angie , Dayton Marilyn , Cordova Mitchell L. , Ingersoll Christopher D. , Merrick Mark A. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:To analyze vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle activity during the concentric and eccentric phases of a lateral step-up exercise.Design:Repeated-measures. Dependent variable: the integrated electromyogram measured as a percentage of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the VMO and VL muscles. Independent variable: muscle contraction with 2 levels (concentric and eccentric).Subjects:Twenty-three volunteers with no previous history of knee surgery or anterior knee pain.Methods:Surface electrodes were positioned over the VMO and VL, and electromyographic data were collected during the exercise.Results:The 2 muscle phases of contraction were different when both dependent variables were considered simultaneously (F2,7 = 33.2, P < .001). Concentric contractions produced greater muscle activity for VL (P < .05) and VMO (P < .05).Conclusions:Because concentric contractions produce greater activity than eccentric contractions do during the lateral step-up exercise, they provide a stronger stimulus for muscle activation, which might result in greater muscle strength gains.
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Decreases Muscle Activity during the Stretch Reflex in Selected Posterior Thigh Muscles
Authors: Carter Allyson M. , Kinzey Stephen J. , Chitwood Linda F. , Cole Judith L 
Published: August 2016

Context:Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is commonly used before competition to increase range of motion. It is not known how it changes muscle response to rapid length changes.Objective:To determine whether PNF alters hamstring muscle activity during response to rapid elongation.Design:2 X 2 factorial.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:Twenty-four women; means: 167.27 cm, 58.92 kg, 21.42 y, 18.41% body fat, 21.06 kg/m2 BMI.intervention:Measurements before and after either rest or PNF were compared.Main Outcome Measures:Average muscle activity immediately after a rapid and unexpected stretch, 3 times pretreatment and posttreatment, averaged into 2 pre-and post- measures.Results:PNF caused decreased activity in the biceps femoris during response to a sudden stretch (P = .04). No differences were found in semitendinosus activity (P = .35).Conclusions:Decreased muscle activity likely results from acute desensitization of the muscle spindle, which might increase risk of muscle and tendon injury.
Coping, Social Support, and injury: Changes Over Time and the Effects of Level of Sports involvement
Authors: Johnston Lynne H. , Carroll Douglas 
Published: August 2016

Objectives:To examine the coping strategies used after injury and the provision of and satisfaction with social support as functions of sport involvement and stage of rehabilitation.Design/Patiesits:Complete data were available at 3 points (beginning, middle, and end of formal rehabilitation) for 93 patients, all of whom had sustained injury restricting normal functioning for at least 21 days.Results/Conclusions:Coping varied as a function of stage in rehabilitation, with patients deploying all strategies more at the beginning of rehabilitation. There was little variation in coping and social support, although those more involved in sport adopted a support-seeking coping strategy to a greater extent. Irrespective of sports-involvement status, women were more satisfied with practical and emotional support. Those who were more involved in sport were judged by their physiotherapists to be better adherents. Adoption of an emotional discharge coping strategy was negatively associated with adherence throughout rehabilitation.
Validity of Fat-Free Weight Equations for Estimating Mean and Peak Power in High School Wrestlers
Authors: Zuniga Jorge , Housh Terry J. , Mielke Michelle , Camic Clayton L. , Hendrix C. Russell , Johnson Glen O. , Housh Dona J. , Schmidt Richard J. 
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study was to cross-validate the fat-free weight (FFW) equations derived on nonathletic children and adolescents for estimating mean power (MP) and peak power (PP) in high school wrestlers. One hundred and three male high school wrestlers performed the Wingate Anaerobic Test to estimate MP and PP, as well as underwater weighing to determine FFW. The follow equations were used to estimate the MP and PP of the wrestlers in the current study.MP (W) = 9.3 (FFW) − 109.8 EQ.1PP (W) = 14.1 (FFW) − 162.1 EQ.2The results in the current study indicated that as percent of the mean values, the equation that predicted MP resulted in a substantially greater total error (TE; 19.9% of the mean) than the equation that predicted PP (8.3% of the mean). These findings indicated that the equation that was derived on nonathletes did not accurately estimate MP in the high school wrestlers. The equation for estimating PP, however, was valid when applied to the current sample of high school wrestlers. These findings supported previous studies that have shown that in adolescent males, exercise training improves the metabolic capabilities of the anaerobic glycolytic system, but not the phosphagen system.
Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Training Program Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Inflammatory Markers in a Pilot Study of Morbidly Obese Minority Teens
Authors: Many Gina , Hurtado Maria-Eugenia , Tanner Charles , Houmard Joseph , Gordish-Dressman Heather , Park Jung-Jun , Uwaifo Gabriel , Kraus William , Hagberg James , Hoffman Eric 
Published: August 2016

We initiated a pilot study to investigate the effects of 8 wks of aerobic exercise training (ET) on insulin sensitivity and inflammatory markers in obese and insulin-resistant minority adolescents. Eleven morbidly obese (BMI 41.4 ± 1.8 kg/m2) minority adolescents were entered into a supervised ET intervention (~180 min/wk at 40–55%VO2PeakR [(VO2Peak − VO2Rest)/VO2Rest]). The effects of training on insulin sensitivity (SI), inflammation and other metabolic syndrome features were examined. Results: Insulin action improved in response to training, as indicated by a ~37% increase in SI (p = .018). Plasma levels of several proinflammatory cytokines were reduced in response to ET, as indicated by significant decrements in sTNF-R, CCL2, MPO, IL-6, resistin, and leptin, with no significant changes in hsCRP. ET induced reductions in BMI and percent total body fat. Conclusions: The present study supports the efficacy of ET interventions on metabolic syndrome features in morbidly obese minority youth.Nosotros iniciamos un estudio piloto para investigar los efectos de 8 semanas de entrenamiento con ejercicios aeróbicos (EA) sobre la sensibilidad insulinica y los marcadores inflamatorios en un grupo minoritario de adolescentes abesos con resistencia a lá insulina. Once adolescentes con obesidad mórbida (IMC 41, 4+1.8kg/m2) fueron asignados a un grupo de intervención que realizo un EA supervisado (~180 min/semana al 40-55%VO2 picoR [(VO2Pico − VO2Reposo)/VO2Reposo]). Se analizo el efecto del entrenamiento sobre la sensibilidad insulinica (IS), inflamación y otras características del síndrome metabòlico. RESULATDOS: El incremento del 37% en la SI (p = 0.018) indico que La acción de la insulina mejora en respuesta al entrenamiento. Como indican la disminución significativa de sTNF-R, CCL2, MPO, IL-6, resistina, and leptina, y la falta de cambios significativos en hsCR, los niveles plasmáticos de varias citoquinas proinflamatorias se redujeron en respuesta al EA. Además, el entrenamiento produjo una reducción del IMC y del porcentaje de grasa corporal. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados del presente estudio apoyan la eficacia de una intervención con EA sobre las características del síndrome metabólico en un grupo minoritario de adolescentes con obesidad mórbida.
Participation Patterns in Campus Recreational Sports: An Examination of Quality of Student Effort from 1983 to 1998
Authors: Barcelona Robert J. , Ross Craig M. 
Published: August 2016

The 1980s and 1990s saw tremendous growth in campus recreational sports programs. The emergence of these programs as significant contributors to the higher education mission has led practitioners to recognize the importance of increased student involvement in this area of campus life. One of the issues facing campus recreational sports is a lack of theoretical and empirical research in almost all facets of the field. This study examined participation patterns in recreational sports programs and facilities at 314 colleges and universities (n=4000) in four groups of years: 1983–1986, 1987–1990, 1991–1994, and 1995–1998 using data derived from the College Student Experiences Questionnaire (CSEQ) and the Center for Postsecondary Research and Planning at Indiana University, Bloomington. The results of the study revealed the following: (a) there was no significant difference in student involvement for the recreational sports programs and facilities variables under investigation; (b) significant differences were found for all areas of recreational sports involvement under investigation regarding participants' gender, age, and place of residence, with males, students under the age of 22, and on-campus students reporting higher rates of recreational sports involvement than females, students over the age of 22, and off-campus students (p<.001); (c) there were no significant year-by-gender, year-by-age, or year-by place-of-residence interaction effects; d) where significant main effect differences were found, effect sizes (η2 partial) were fairly low.
Women Working in the Administration of Campus Recreation: Career Paths and Challenges
Authors: Bower Glenna , Hums Mary A. 
Published: August 2016

Women have made in-roads into management positions in various traditionally male-dominated industries including the sport industry. The sport industry consists of a number of segments such as professional sport, intercollegiate athletics, health and fitness, facility management, sport for people with disabilities, sport marketing, and recreational sport. While scholars have focused attention on the careers of women working in management positions in several of these segments, almost no work has been done in the recreational sport segment. One specialized area within recreational sport is campus recreation. In this particular area, there is limited research on women working in administrative positions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to establish and examine career information of women working in the administration of campus recreation programs. The survey subjects were 376 women listed in the 2000–2001 NIRSA National Sport Recreational Directory as holding administrative level jobs in campus recreation. The study addressed the following concerning women working in campus recreation administration: (a) demographics; (b) career paths; (c) most/least enjoyable aspects of their jobs; (d) greatest challenges; (e) career advice for women wanting to enter this profession; (f) short-term and long-term career aspirations; (g) the role of mentors on their careers, and (h) how they obtained their first/current job in campus recreation administration. Analysis of the data for this descriptive study focused on two areas. First, means and standard deviations were calculated where appropriate. Second, the answers to the open-ended questions were investigated for recurring themes. After examining the data, suggestions for future research were generated.