bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing online postings as social behavior for L2 instruction of (im)politeness: Sensitizing advanced learners of German or English
Authors: Rieger Caroline L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study takes a discursive approach (cf. Watts 1989, 2008; Locher 2004, 2006, 2011, 2012; Locher and Watts 2005, 2008; Mills 2011; van der Bom and Mills 2015), to analyze online postings as social behavior for use in other/second language (im)politeness instruction. The criteria for inclusion are authenticity, complexity, diversity and feasibility. This means the postings need to (1) be created for a social purpose, not an instructional one; (2) be pragmatically rich and exemplify evaluations of (in)appropriate behavior; (3) illustrate variety in their underlying social norms and values; as well as (4) lend themselves to examination by learners and provoke reflection in conjunction with participatory learning activities. The analysis found that postings from online fora can meet these criteria and identifies (a manageable number of) posts for which participatory learning activities were developed. In combination the posts and the activities are used to enhance awareness of the complexity of (im)politeness in social encounters, especially in intercultural interactions, and the omnipresent and emergent nature of (im)politeness. They have been used in a university setting to sensitize the L2 learner to differences in the views, judgments and negotiations of what constitutes polite or impolite behavior between as well as within speech communities.
Extracting Parallel Paragraphs from Common Crawl
Authors: Kúdela Jakub , Holubová Irena , Bojar Ondřej 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Most of the current methods for mining parallel texts from the web assume that web pages of web sites share same structure across languages. We believe that there still exists a non-negligible amount of parallel data spread across sources not satisfying this assumption. We propose an approach based on a combination of bivec (a bilingual extension of word2vec) and locality-sensitive hashing which allows us to efficiently identify pairs of parallel segments located anywhere on pages of a given web domain, regardless their structure. We validate our method on realigning segments from a large parallel corpus. Another experiment with real-world data provided by Common Crawl Foundation confirms that our solution scales to hundreds of terabytes large set of web-crawled data.
Česílko Goes Open-source
Authors: Vičič Jernej , Kuboň Vladislav , Homola Petr 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Machine Translation system Česílko has been developed as an answer to a growing need of translation and localization from one source language to many target languages. The system belongs to the shallow parse, shallow transfer RBMT paradigm and it is designed primarily for translation of related languages. The paper presents the architecture, the development design and the basic installation instructions of the translation system.
Motives for participation in Paralympic sailing – opinions of Polish and foreign athletes with physical disabilities
Authors: Prokopowicz Grzegorz , Molik Bartosz , Prokopowicz Katarzyna , Chamera Tomasz , Ogonowska-Słodownik Anna , Lencse-Mucha Judit , Morgulec-Adamowicz Natalia , Kosmol Andrzej , Perkowski Krzysztof 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Paralympic sailing was introduced at the Atlanta 1996 Paralympic Games. Since then it has been developing rapidly and an increasing number of individuals in Poland and abroad regularly take part in sports competitions. Currently, disabled athletes can compete in three classes: Sonar, 2.4mR and Skud 18. The review of the Polish and foreign literature does not give a clear indication of the motives for participation in Paralympic sailing.
Material and methods: The study was carried out on 52 regatta sailors with physical disabilities. Group I consisted of 20 sailors from the Polish National Team. Group II consisted of 32 sailors from 10 European countries. The study was conducted during the National Team camp in Górki Zachodnie and during the European Championships in Switzerland. The Participation Reasons Scale (PRS – developed by Brasile and Hedrick in 1991) was used in the study.
Results: Excitement of the activity and an opportunity to improve abilities were rated highest by the disabled sailors from the Polish National Team. In the group of sailors from other European countries, the motives rated highest included the chance to be with friends and challenges related to sailing.
Conclusions: Sports-related aspects and emotions are the main factors motivating disabled persons to practise sailing. If we take into account the needs indicated by the sailors in planning sports activities for people with disabilities, it may contribute to faster development of Paralympic sailing in our country.
A brief essay on non-pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Raggi Alberto , Tasca Domenica , Ferri Raffaele 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Current pharmacological therapies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) do not modify its course and are not always beneficial. Therefore, the optimization of quality of life represents the best possible outcome achievable in all stages of the disease. Cognitive and behavioural rehabilitation represents the main therapeutic approach for this purpose, also in order to mitigate indirectly the burden of distress of family caregivers. The aim of this mini-review is to go through this theme by discussing cognitive activation, virtual reality and neuromodulation techniques. The practices summarized in this essay are not alternative but, often, complementary therapies to standardized pharmacological treatment. The present mini-review has found encouraging results but also the need for more conclusive evidence for all types of non-invasive/non-pharmacological treatment of AD.
An Assessment of Carousel Value-Added Tax Fraud in The European Carbon Market
Authors: Berrittella Maria , Cimino Filippo Alessandro 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe literature on the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) is by now very rich. Much is known about the efficiency, the effectiveness, and the environmental and distributional impacts of the EU ETS. Less, however, is known about the carousel value-added-tax (VAT) fraud phenomena in the European carbon market. This article evaluates the welfare effects of carousel VAT fraud in the EU ETS using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis. According to our findings, if VAT fraud occurs in the EU ETS, the effects on welfare for the EU Member States are negative, with welfare loss significantly higher than the VAT fraud value. This article also discusses the reverse charge mechanism that EU Member States could adopt to reduce the VAT fraud phenomena in the European carbon market.
Institutional interaction in traffic law enforcement in China: Resistance and obedience
Authors: Ye Ning 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOn-site law enforcement is routine work for Chinese traffic police to effectively control a congested city. Misunderstanding, confusion, and even conflict frequently occur between traffic police and offenders about traffic offence penalties. Based on an analysis of digital recordings, the present study investigates institutional interaction from a semiotic perspective. The institutional discourse, taken as a sign, creates an interpretant in the language of traffic police, which works as representamen to be interpreted by offenders. By examining the meaning construction in the interaction, the study reveals the way police impose penalties exploiting the impact of their linguistic, professional and social background. The findings indicate that the resistance or obedience to penalties is a reflection of the interpretant produced by the offenders in the process of mediation. As China has recently made great progress in the creation of rules of law, police organizations have established many new clauses, covering every aspect of police routine. However, the clauses relating to the use of legal language for police officers encountering offenders can, to some degree, result in different interpretations of the obscure language and conventional procedures, which can thus impede effective communication between two participants. Apart from the rigid limitation on and strict observance of legal language choices, the imbalanced distribution of legal knowledge between professionals and laymen, the complexity of identity construction and historical and social cultures may impose constraints on the institutional discourse. This study suggests that the police should be aware of institutional discourse as a semiotic process and should modify their linguistic strategy to effect positive interaction.
Antioxidant enzyme response of sorghum plant upon exposure to Aluminum, Chromium and Lead heavy metals
Authors: Yilmaz Seyma Hava , Kaplan Mahmut , Temizgul Ridvan , Yilmaz Semih 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Objective
Sorghum has received great interest for resistance to heavy metals. Therefore, effects of Aluminum (Al), Chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb) concentrations (2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 ppm) on antioxidant enzyme systems of Sorghum in root and leaf tissues were investigated.

Methods
Seeds were cultivated in hydroponic Hoagland solution containing heavy metal concentrations in a growth chamber. Malondialdehyde (MDA), proline levels, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were evaluated after treatment.

Results
Al doses decreased chlorophyll a (Chl a) at 4 ppm and subsequent doses, and total Chl at 32 and 64 ppm doses, however, it did not cause any change at Chl b except at 2 ppm. Although 64 ppm of Al, Cr, and Pb decreased total Chl, it increased proline level (nearly 5, 21 and 40 times higher compared to control, respectively) in leaf. Common observation is that positive correlation was apparent between proline, MDA, APX and GST activity for Al and Cr treatments and GST activity for three elements in root. Also, the only positive correlation was evident between proline and MDA for Al and Cr applications in leaf.

Conclusion
Although sorghum is resistant to heavy metals, induction of antioxidant enzymes seem to be not enough at higher concentrations to protect cells from heavy metal toxicity; however, it has great importance for further studies to find out whether phenolic compounds produced in sorghum have additive role in this regard.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis and Optimization Design of a Simulated Power Turbine Rotor Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Shengxi Jia , Longxi Zheng , Huang Jingjing , Mei Qing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe vibration optimum design for a simulated power turbine rotor without blades on the disk by using an optimization method based on the finite element method is described in this paper. The installation position of the two-stage turbine disks is chosen as design variables under the constraints of feasible regions for the critical speeds of the rotor. The objective functions are to minimize the transient response of the acceleration at the bearings and the amplitude of the disks. Predictions of the dynamic characteristics of the rotor are obtained by using ANSYS code. The optimization problem is solved by using commercial optimization code ISIGHT. The optimum installation position of the two-stage turbine disks is determined after optimization design. Experimental tests under the optimized structure show that the amplitude of the two-stage turbine disks which are recognized as the most concerned optimization objectives are reduced by 59 % and 56 % respectively in comparison with the comparative structure. The encouraging results demonstrate the potential of the presented method as an engineering design tool and also lay a foundation for the design of the real power turbine rotor used in turbo-shaft engine.
New adducts of silver(I) halides, AgX (X = Cl, Br), with bidentate phosphine ligands: syntheses and molecular structures of [Ag3(μ
3-Cl)2(μ-dppm)3][PF6], [Ag3(μ
3-Br)2(μ-dppm)3][AgBr2], {[Et4N][Ag2 (μ-Br)3(μ-dppe)]}
n
, [Et4N]2[(AgCl2)2(μ-dppe)], and [(AgCl)2(μ-dppp)2]
Authors: Qian Ting-Ting , Xie Yu-Feng , Shi Hua-Tian , Jia Ai-Quan , Zhang Qian-Feng 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Interaction of AgCl with bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) in THF/MeCN in the presence of K[PF6] or [Et4N]Br afforded typical trinuclear cationic trigonal-bipyramidal complexes [Ag3(μ
3-Cl)2(μ-dppm)3][PF6] (1) or [Ag3(μ
3-Br)2(μ-dppm)3][AgBr2] (2), respectively. Treatment of AgBr with bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) in THF/MeCN in the presence of [Et4N]Br gave a polymeric complex {[Et4N][Ag2(μ-Br)3(μ-dppe)]}
n
(3) with a dinuclear {Ag2(μ-Br)3} core. The reaction of AgCl with dppe or bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) in THF/MeCN in the presence of [Et4N]Cl resulted in the isolation of a dinuclear anionic complex [Et4N]2[(AgCl2)2(μ-dppe)] (4) with one μ-dppe bridge or a dinuclear neutral complex [(AgCl)2(μ-dppp)2] (5) with two μ-dppp bridges and a 12-membered ring, respectively. The structures of complexes 1–5 with the bidentate phosphine ligands were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Experimental and Computational Perspectives on Bis(Creatininium) Succinate: An Efficient Organic Nonlinear Optical Material
Authors: Thirumurugan Ramaiah , Babu Balraj , Anitha Kandasamy , Chandrasekaran Joseph 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this work, combined experimental and computational investigations of a promising organic nonlinear optical (NLO) material, bis(creatininium) succinate (BCS), are reported. The optical quality single crystals of BCS were grown with the dimensions of 12×2×2 mm3. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that BCS crystallized in the orthorhombic system with non-centrosymmetric (NCS) space group F2dd. Vibrational modes of various BCS functional groups were confirmed by using FTIR and FT-Raman spectrum. UV-Vis-NIR spectrum shows that BCS crystal has low near-UV cut-off wavelength at 261 nm and optical transparency window in the visible and near-IR (261–1100 nm) region. Photoconductivity study has been carried out magnificently for grown crystals. The nonlinear optical property such as nonlinear refractive index (n2) and nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) have been investigated by z-scan technique. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were carried out to probe Mulliken charge analysis, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) mapping and first order hyperpolarizability (β) for the optimized molecular structure. Experimental and computed vibrations were correlated well. All these characterization results endorse BCS as a suitable NLO candidate and are discussed in this work.
Measurement of intact parathormone after one hour of total thyroidectomy: a predictor of symptomatic hypocalcemia
Authors: P. Nabeel T. , Gamalial Jose , Thomas Jacob 
Published: April 2017

Background: Hypocalcemia is one of the most common complications of thyroidectomy. Hence, parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurement can be used to predict patients at risk for developing significant postoperative hypocalcaemia after thyroidectomy. The present study was conducted with the objective to find out whether there is any correlation between intact PTH value and patients developing symptoms of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy and to determine the threshold value of 1 hour post total thyroidectomy (intact PTH level) that can identify those at high risk for developing symptomatic hypocalcemia.Methods: Study involved determination of serum calcium, creatinine and albumin preoperatively, serum intact PTH, 1 hour after completion of total thyroidectomy (i.e. after the closure of skin incision), and serum calcium levels 6, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. Clinical findings suggestive of hypocalcaemia were also watched for and recorded. Symptomatic signs and/or symptoms were recorded. The patients were followed up for 3 days post operatively and the lowest recorded serum calcium was taken into account. The results were tabulated and entered in Microsoft excel and analysed with spss 17 statistical software.Results: 26% of the study population developed hypocalcemia. Intact PTH was found to be lower in patients who developed symptoms of hypocalcemia. There was a statisticantly significant correlation between the two groups. A one-hour Intact PTH value of 14 pg/ml was found to have high sensitivity (92.3%) and specificity (91.9%).Conclusions: Hypocalcemia is the most common complication after total thyroidectomy. Intact PTH measurement one hour after total thyroidectomy can be used to predict the patients who will develop hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. Therefore, patients having low one-hour intact PTH value could be started on calcium supplementation and those having high PTH could be safely discharged early.
Видовой состав и численность метазойного микрозоопланктона в водах северо-восточной части Чёрного моря летом 2013 г.
Authors: Серегин C. А. , Попова Е. В. 
Published: April 2017

Метазойный микрозоопланктон играет решающую роль в питании личинок и мальков многих видов рыб, в том числе промысловых. Целью работы являлось исследование обилия и видового состава микрометазоопланктона в водах северо-восточной части Чёрного моря, для которой подобные сведения единичны. Батометрические пробы воды для исследований взяты на двух полигонах в прикерченском районе моря: над шельфом (I) и над континентальным склоном (II). Над большими глубинами концентрация планктона в поверхностном слое была почти в 2 раза выше, а доля неритических видов — значительно ниже по сравнению с концентрацией в акватории над шельфом. Характер вертикального распределения численности микрометазоопланктона зависел от выраженности градиентов температуры и солёности. Общее снижение численности в прибрежных водах южного берега Крыма с глубиной гораздо сильнее выражено над континентальным склоном. В верхних слоях воды доминировали копеподы рода Acartia и Centropages ponticus; в шельфовых водах существенную долю составлял также недавний вселенец в Чёрное море Oithona davisae. В слое термоклина и под ним массовыми были копеподы Oithona similis, Acartia clausi, Paracalanus parvus; из нерачкового планктона преобладали Rotifera. Вновь полученные и ранее опубликованные данные свидетельствуют о тенденции увеличения общего обилия микрометазоопланктона в крымских акваториях Чёрного моря в последние годы.
Первичная продукция Чёрного моря: спектральный подход
Authors: Чурилова T. Я. , Кривенко О. В. , Суслин В. В. , Ефимова Т. В. , Моисеева Н. А. 
Published: April 2017

Вопросы точной оценки величин первичной продукции (ПП) в море, а также исследования закономерностей её формирования в различных районах Мирового океана до настоящего времени остаются наиболее актуальными проблемами океанографии. На основе массива новых биооптических данных впервые для Чёрного моря создан спектральный алгоритм оценки ПП, который позволяет корректно оценивать количество квантов света, поглощённых фитопланктоном и учитывать эффективность использования поглощённых квантов в процессе фотосинтеза, что определяет точность расчёта ПП при таком подходе. В перспективе моделирование ПП на основе данных дистанционного зондирования открывает возможности создания системы оперативного контроля и прогнозирования состояния первично-продукционного звена пищевой цепи Чёрного моря.
Экологические связи Rapana venosa (Gastropoda: Muricidae) с представителями ихтиофауны в Чёрном море
Authors: Бондарев И. П. 
Published: April 2017

Мониторинг популяций экологически значимого хищного вида моллюсков Rapana venosa является частью мониторинга Чёрного моря. Значительный интерес представляет изучение роли этого вида в современной морской экосистеме. В июне – сентябре 2015–2016 гг. проводилось изучение консортивных связей рапаны in situ с параллельным отбором проб. В ходе исследований была получена информация о взаимодействии R. venosa с представителями ихтиофауны, расширяющая представления об экологической роли моллюска – вселенца и этологии и экологии нескольких видов рыб.
Что исследовал Илья Мечников в кандидатской диссертации?
Authors: Русанов К. В. 
Published: April 2017

Научная деятельность лауреата Нобелевской премии, биолога Ильи Ильича Мечникова (1845–1916) описана во множестве публикаций, тем не менее, в его биографии немало неясных моментов. В их числе – содержание диссертации И. И. Мечникова на соискание степени кандидата Харьковского университета по разряду естественных наук под названием «Исследование фабриции Северного моря». В настоящей работе показано, что эта диссертация была апробирована и утверждена Советом университета в конце 1864 г. при активном участии проф. А. Ф. Масловского, после чего Мечникову был выдан диплом кандидата естественных наук. Однако текст диссертации считается утраченным, и в русскоязычной литературе нет данных о том, какой именно таксон морских организмов исследовал её автор. На основе анализа источников сделано предположение: 1) И. И. Мечников, исследовав летом 1864 г. на о. Гельголанд кольчатого червя Fabricia sabella, включил результаты исследования в кандидатскую диссертацию, посланную в Харьков не позже сентября; 2) диссертация была рукописной и имелась в малом числе экземпляров; 3) по поводу её защиты (в отсутствие диссертанта) между И. И. Мечниковым и А. Ф. Масловским велась переписка; 4) в начале 1865 г. диссертация вместе с другими документами Мечникова была отправлена в Департамент народного просвещения. Показаны пути поиска новых данных о ней.
Patients´ Variations of Reflection About and Understanding of Long-Term Illness- Impact of Illness Perception on Trust in Oneself or Others
Authors: Nunstedt Håkan , Rudolfsson Gudrun , Alsen Pia , Pennbrant Sandra 
Published: April 2017

Background:Patients' understanding of their illness is of great importance for recovery. Lacking understanding of the illness is linked with the patients' level of reflection about and interest in understanding their illness.Objective:To describe patients’ variations of reflection about and understanding of their illness and how this understanding affects their trust in themselves or others.Method:The study is based on the “Illness perception” model. Latent content analysis was used for the data analysis. Individual, semi-structured, open-ended and face-to-face interviews were conducted with patients (n=11) suffering from a long-term illness diagnosed at least six months prior to the interview. Data collection took place in the three primary healthcare centres treating the participants.Results:The results show variations in the degree of reflection about illness. Patients search for deeper understanding of the illness for causal explanations, compare different perspectives for preventing complication of their illness, trust healthcare providers, and develop own strategies to manage life.Conclusion:Whereas some patients search for deeper understanding of their illness, other patients are less reflective and feel they can manage the illness without further understanding. Patients' understanding of their illness is related to their degree of trust in themselves or others. Patients whose illness poses an existential threat are more likely to reflect more about their illness and what treatment methods are available.