bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mother Nature in Eczema: Maternal Factors Influencing Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Vaughn Alexandra R. , Tannhauser Paige , Sivamani Raja K. , Shi Vivian Y. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disease. Current knowledge about the etiology of AD suggests that it is multifactorial and involves the interaction of several factors, including environmental triggers, genetics, immunologic factors, and skin barrier dysfunction. The prenatal environment has a significant influence on fetal development, including the maturation of skin barrier function. This review summarizes maternal factors that have been reported to influence the development of AD in offspring, including maternal genetics, nutrition, breastfeeding, environment, and behaviors.
Commitment to care: the most important coping strategies among family caregivers of patients undergoing haemodialysis
Authors: Salehi‐tali Shahriar , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Zarea Kourosh , Fereidooni‐Moghadam Malek 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundCaregivers of patients undergoing haemodialysis often experience an intensive burden of care; therefore, it is important to understand the type of strategies that are used by caregivers to adapt and to commit themselves to caring for another individual.AimThe aim of this study was to explore the specific coping strategies used by family caregivers of patients undergoing haemodialysis.MethodsIn this qualitative study, 16 family caregivers of patients undergoing haemodialysis were selected through purposive sampling in four dialysis centres in south of Iran. Semi‐structured interviews were used to collect data. A content analysis of the interviews was performed to determine relevant themes.ResultsData analysis resulted in the emergence of four categories including ‘cultural and religious constructs’, ‘sense of responsibility’, ‘self‐restraint’ and ‘satisfactory caring’, as whole of these categories are included in the main theme of ‘commitment to care’ which is experienced by the family caregivers during the care of patients undergoing haemodialysis.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that coping strategies stemming from the cultural beliefs of caregivers are very salient in their commitment to care; thus, the health‐care team, especially nurses, should encourage family caregivers to use these strategies to maintain their physical and psychological health and to provide quality care for patients.
Family members' experiences with intensive care unit diaries when the patient does not survive
Authors: Johansson Maria , Wåhlin Ingrid , Magnusson Lennart , Runeson Ingrid , Hanson Elizabeth 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to explore how family members experienced the use of a diary when a relative does not survive the stay in the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodA qualitative method with a hermeneutic approach was used. Nine participants who read/wrote eight diaries in total were interviewed. The collected data were analysed using a hermeneutic technique inspired by Geanellos.FindingsThe analysis revealed an overall theme ‘the diary was experienced as a bridge connecting the past with the future’, which was a metaphor referring to the temporal aspect where there was the period with the diary up until the patient's death and then the postbereavement period. The diary contributed to both a rational and emotional understanding of the death of the patient and disclosed glimmers of light that still existed before the illness deteriorated. Further, the diary bridged the space between family members themselves and between family and nursing staff. It helped to maintain a feeling of togetherness and engagement in the care of the patient which family members found comforting.ConclusionFamily members of nonsurvivors had a need to have the ICU time explained and expressed. The diary might work as a form of ‘survival kit’ to gain coherence and understanding; to meet their needs during the hospital stay; and, finally, to act as a bereavement support by processing the death of the patient.
Women with vulvodynia: awareness and knowledge of its care among student healthcare staff
Authors: Törnävä Minna , Koivula Meeri , Helminen Mika , Suominen Tarja 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundMany women with vulvodynia are women of fertile age, and this syndrome may cause many physical and psychosexual functional disorders. Women with vulvodynia often find that healthcare professionals seem to demonstrate a lack of awareness about the syndrome and its care. These issues have not been previously studied among student healthcare staff.AimTo investigate awareness and knowledge about vulvodynia and its care among staff in the student healthcare sector in Finland.MethodThe study design was cross sectional. A survey instrument called ‘Awareness and knowledge of vulvodynia and its care’ was developed for this study and was used for data collection. The data were collected from a web‐based survey conducted with student healthcare professionals (N = 191, n = 79) in all 13 student healthcare units in Finland. Descriptive statistical methods were used to describe the connections between the factors associated with awareness of vulvodynia and its care. Ethical standards were followed throughout the study.ResultsThe primary results of the study indicated that the respondents had somewhat good awareness of how to identify vulvodynia and somewhat poor awareness of the treatments for vulvodynia. Participants' awareness of the meaning of encountering patients, as well as the information and support they provided, was good. Based on the knowledge test, knowledge of vulvodynia and its care was estimated to be poor. The respondents' experience‐based skills in treating vulvodynia and education about vulvodynia were mostly associated with better awareness and knowledge about vulvodynia and its care.ConclusionThe student healthcare staff who meet and care for women of fertile age have irregular awareness and knowledge of vulvodynia and its care. The creation of educational programs to develop such awareness and knowledge is recommended to obtain a standard quality of care for all women with vulvodynia.
A method to define the palaeowind strength from lacustrine parameters
Authors: Wang Junhui , Jiang Zaixing , Xian Benzhong , Chen Ji , Wang Xiabin , Xu Wenmao , Liu Hui 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGravelly beach ridges, which are formed solely by swash processes, may accurately reflect past wave conditions. The thickness (or height) of a gravelly beach ridge approximately equals the height of wave inundation, which is the sum of the surge and wave run‐up. Their ancient counterparts, if well‐preserved and identified, can be used to estimate palaeowave conditions, which can later be converted to palaeowind intensities based on wind–wave relationships. A technique is described for estimating the palaeowind speed in this paper, which is referred to as the gravelly beach‐ridge thickness technique. By comparing these estimates with instrumental wind records obtained at a modern lake, Qinghai Lake in north‐western China, the beach‐ridge thickness technique is shown to be useful for estimating the average wind speed (Vavg). When applying this method to ancient fetch‐limited basins, five parameters are necessary: (i) the thickness of the isolated gravelly beach ridge; (ii) the average depth of the water body; (iii) the palaeofetch; (iv) the angle between the palaeowind direction and the normal to the shoreline; and (v) the particle size. This technique was applied to an ancient example in the Eocene Dongying Depression, located in eastern China. The results indicate that the average wind speed of the northern wind ranged between 2·27 m sec−1 and 8·36 m sec−1 from 45·0 Ma to 42·0 Ma, and displayed a generally decreasing trend that included early strengthening followed by weakening and later strengthening during this period. The beach‐ridge thickness technique provides a new perspective on delineating palaeowind conditions and can be applied to ancient fetch‐limited basins with gravelly beach ridges worldwide. Generally, if a water body is sufficiently large (fetch exceeding 40 km), deep (average depth exceeding 10 m) and waves (or winds) are determined to approach the shoreline with high angles (angle of incidence <35°), then the calculation errors will be small to negligible.
New Models of Contracting in the Public Sector: A Review of Alliance Contracting, Prime Contracting and Outcome‐based Contracting Literature
Authors: Sanderson Marie , Allen Pauline , Gill Randeep , Garnett Emma 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe coordination of public services is an enduring challenge and an important policy priority. One way to achieve collaboration across organizational boundaries, which is being considered in public services such as the English National Health Service (NHS), is through the adoption of alliance contracting, prime provider contracting and outcome‐based contracting. This article reviews the cross‐sectoral literature concerning the characteristics of these new contractual models, how they function, their impact, and their relation to public sector governance objectives. These new contractual forms are characterized as models which, in line with the New Public Management (NPM)/post‐NPM agenda, seek to incentivize providers through the transfer of risk from the commissioners to the providers of services. Key findings are that the models are likely to incur high transaction costs relating to the negotiation and specification of outcomes and rely heavily on the relational aspects of contracting. There is also found to be a lack of convincing cross‐sectoral evidence of the impact of the models, particularly in relation to improving coordination across organizations. The article questions the reconciliation of the use of these new contractual models in settings such as the English NHS with the requirements of public sector governance for transparency and accountability. The models serve to highlight the problems inherent in the NPM/post‐NPM agenda of the transfer of risk away from commissioners of services in terms of transparency and accountability.
Performance of a new‐generation continuous autotransfusion device including fat removal and consequences for quality controls
Authors: Seyfried T. F. , Gruber M. , Bitzinger D. , Pawlik M. T. , Breu A. , Graf B. M. , Hansen E. 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYBackground and objectivesCell salvage plays a key role in blood conservation. To maintain high performance, quality management is recommended. Accordingly, a new‐generation autotransfusion device was tested for its performance and compared with its predecessor. Two different calculations of quality parameters were applied.Materials and methodsIn an experimental study, the continuous autotransfusion devices CATSmart and Continuous Autotransfusion System (C.A.T.S) plus were tested using banked blood adjusted to a haematocrit of 20% and anticoagulated with heparin 5 U/L. Test blood was processed using an emergency programme, a high‐quality programme/smart wash programme and a low‐volume wash programme. Samples were taken after the production of 200 mL of red blood cells (RBC) and after the final emptying of the separation chamber. In an additional set of tests, blood containing 1·25% fat was processed with both devices to examine fat removal.ResultsBoth devices demonstrated an equally high performance with regards to product hematocrit (Hct); RBC recovery; and elimination rates of protein, heparin and fat. The high fat elimination rate (>99·8%) reported for C.A.T.S plus was confirmed for CATSmart, regardless of the used programme. Samples taken during the ongoing process show a higher haematocrit and RBC recovery rate than samples taken after the final emptying of the separation chamber. Interface sensors were not affected by fat in the blood.ConclusionsThe new‐generation autotransfusion device CATSmart is not inferior to its predecessor and shows high performance with regards to RBC recovery, plasma and fat elimination in all programme modes. Samples for quality controls should be taken during blood processing.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Luminescent Strain Vibrio campbellii LB102, Isolated from a Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Broodstock Rearing System
Authors: Kumar Sujeet , Jangam Ashok Kumar , Akhil V. , Rajendran Vidya , Katneni Vinaya Kumar , Sahaya Rajan J. Joseph , Grover Monendra , Nagaleekar Viswas Konasagara , Alavandi S. V. , Vijayan K. K. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the genome sequence of
Vibrio campbellii
LB102, isolated from the broodstock rearing system of a shrimp hatchery in India. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of effector toxins of the type III (YopT, sharing 39% identity with
Yersinia pestis
) and type VI (VgrG-3 and hemolysin coregulated protein of
V. cholerae
) secretion systems.
Amylases and Their Importance during Glycan Degradation: Genome Sequence Release of
Salmonella
Amylase Knockout Strains
Authors: Arabyan Narine , Huang Bihua C. , Weimer Bart C. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Amylases catalyze the cleavage of α-
d
-1,4 and α-
d
-1,6-glycosidic bonds in starch and related carbohydrates. Amylases are widely distributed in nature and are important in carbohydrate metabolism. This is the release of four single and two double deletions in
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium LT2 that are important for glycan degradation during infection.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Fish Strain Edwardsiella tarda NCIMB 2034
Authors: Buján Noemí , Lasa Aide , E. Toranzo Alicia , Magariños Beatriz 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Edwardsiella tarda
is an important pathogen for fish. The strain NCIMB 2034, obtained from the National Collection of Industrial Food and Marine Bacteria, was isolated from unknown diseased fish in the United States. The draft genome sequence has 3.79 Mb with a G+C content of 57.1% and >3,340 protein-coding genes.
Complete Draft Genome Sequence of the Actinobacterium Nocardiopsis sinuspersici UTMC102 (DSM 45277
T
), Which Produces Serine Protease
Authors: Tokovenko Bogdan , Rückert Christian , Kalinowski Jörn , Mohammadipanah Fatemeh , Wink Joachim , Rosenkränzer Birgit , Myronovskyi Maksym , Luzhetskyy Andriy 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

The genome sequence of alkalohalophilic actinobacterium
Nocardiopsis sinuspersici
UTMC102 is provided.
N. sinuspersici
UTMC102 produces a highly active serine alkaline protease, and contains at least 11 gene clusters encoding the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The
N. sinuspersici
UTMC102 genome was assembled into a single chromosomal scaffold.
Genome Sequence of
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera virus
2
, a Novel Small RNA Virus of the Western Corn Rootworm,
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
LeConte
Authors: Liu Sijun , Chen Yuting , Sappington Thomas W. , Bonning Bryony C. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

The genome of a novel small RNA virus, tentatively named
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera virus 2
(DvvV2), was identified in the western corn rootworm,
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
LeConte, through transcriptome sequencing and confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR. Here, we report the near-complete nucleotide sequence and the genome organization of DvvV2.
Genome Sequence of a Novel Positive-Sense, Single-Stranded RNA Virus Isolated from Western Corn Rootworm,
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
LeConte
Authors: Liu Sijun , Chen Yuting , Sappington Thomas W. , Bonning Bryony C. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

The genome sequence of a novel small RNA virus was assembled from the transcriptome of the western corn rootworm,
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
. The assembled genome has 13,182 nucleotides with a 3′ polyadenylated tail. Two open reading frames are predicted to encode polyproteins of 2,838 and 1,073 amino acids.
Provider-initiated delivery, late preterm birth and perinatal mortality: a secondary analysis of the WHO multicountry survey on maternal and newborn health
Authors: Morisaki Naho , Zhang Xun , Ganchimeg Togoobaatar , Vogel Joshua P , Souza Joo Paulo Dias , Cecatti Jose G , Torloni Maria Regina , Ota Erika , Mori Rintaro , Mittal Suneeta , Tough Suzanne , Dolan Siobhan , Kramer Michael S 
Published: May 2017

IntroductionIn high-income countries, a reduced clinical threshold for obstetric interventions such as labour induction (LI) and prelabour caesarean delivery (PLCD) has played a substantial role in increasing rates of late preterm births. However, the association between provider-initiated delivery and perinatal outcomes have not been studied in a multicountry setting including low-income and middle-income countries.Methods286 hospitals in 29 countries participated in the WHO Multi-Country Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health and yielded 2 52 198 singleton births of at least 34 weeks in 2010–2011. We used an ecological analysis based on generalised estimating equations under multilevel logistic regression to estimate associations between hospital rates of PLCD and LI with rates of late preterm birth (34–36 weeks), stillbirth and intrahospital early neonatal death, in relation to country development based on the Human Development Index (HDI).ResultsRates of LI were higher in hospitals from very high-HDI (median 10.9%) and high-HDI (11.2%) countries compared with medium-HDI (4.0%) or low-HDI (3.8%) countries. Rates of PLCD were by far the lowest in low-HDI countries compared with countries in the other three categories (5.1% vs 12.0%–17.9%). Higher rates of PLCD were associated with lower perinatal death rates (OR 0.87 (0.79, 0.95) per 5% increase in PLCD) and non-significantly with late preterm birth (1.04 (0.98, 1.10)) regardless of country development. LI rates were positively associated with late preterm birth (1.04 (1.01, 1.06)) regardless of country development and with perinatal death (1.06 (0.98, 1.15)) only in middle-HDI and low- HDI countries.ConclusionPLCD was associated with reduced perinatal mortality and non-significantly with increased late preterm birth. LI was associated with increases in both late preterm birth and, in less-developed countries, perinatal mortality. Efforts to provide sufficient, but avoid excessive, access to provider-initiated delivery should be tailored to the local context.
Assessing the Brazilian surgical system with six surgical indicators: a descriptive and modelling study
Authors: Massenburg Benjamin B , Saluja Saurabh , Jenny Hillary E , Raykar Nakul P , Ng-Kamstra Josh , Guilloux Aline G A , Scheffer Mário C , Meara John G , Alonso Nivaldo , Shrime Mark G 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundBrazil boasts a health scheme that aspires to provide universal coverage, but its surgical system has rarely been analysed. In an effort to strengthen surgical systems worldwide, the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed a collection of 6 standardised indicators: 2-hour access to surgery, surgical workforce density, surgical volume, perioperative mortality rate (POMR) and protection against impoverishing and catastrophic expenditure. This study aims to characterise the Brazilian surgical health system with these newly devised indicators while gaining understanding on the complexity of the indicators themselves.MethodsUsing Brazil's national healthcare database, commonly reported healthcare variables were used to calculate or simulate the 6 surgical indicators. Access to surgery was calculated using hospital locations, surgical workforce density was calculated using locations of surgeons, anaesthesiologists and obstetricians (SAO), and surgical volume and POMR were identified with surgical procedure codes. The rates of protection against impoverishing and catastrophic expenditure were modelled using cost of surgical inpatient hospitalisations and a γ distribution of incomes based on Gini and gross domestic product/capita.FindingsIn 2014, SAO density was 34.7/100 000 population, surgical volume was 4433 procedures/100 000 people and POMR was 1.71%. 79.4% of surgical patients were protected against impoverishing expenditure and 84.6% were protected against catastrophic expenditure due to surgery each year. 2-hour access to surgery was not able to be calculated from national health data, but a proxy measure suggested that 97.2% of the population has 2-hour access to a hospital that may be able to provide surgery. Geographic disparities were seen in all indicators.InterpretationBrazil's public surgical system meets several key benchmarks. Geographic disparities, however, are substantial and raise concerns of equity. Policies should focus on stimulating appropriate geographic allocation of the surgical workforce and better distribution of surgical volume. In some cases, where benchmarks for each indicator are met, supplemental analysis can further inform our understanding of health systems. This measured and systematic evaluation should be encouraged for all nations seeking to better understand their surgical systems.
Cardiac hyporesponsiveness in severe sepsis is associated with nitric oxide-dependent activation of G protein receptor kinase
Authors: Dal-Secco Daniela , DalBó Silvia , Lautherbach Natalia E. S. , Gava Fábio N. , Celes Mara R. N. , Benedet Patricia O. , Souza Adriana H. , Akinaga Juliana , Lima Vanessa , Silva Katiussia P. , Kiguti Luiz Ricardo A. , Rossi Marcos A. , Kettelhut Isis C. , Pupo André S. , Cunha Fernando Q. , Assreuy Jamil 
Published: May 2017

G protein-coupled receptor kinase isoform 2 (GRK2) has a critical role in physiological and pharmacological responses to endogenous and exogenous substances. Sepsis causes an important cardiovascular dysfunction in which nitric oxide (NO) has a relevant role. The present study aimed to assess the putative effect of inducible NO synthase (NOS2)-derived NO on the activity of GRK2 in the context of septic cardiac dysfunction. C57BL/6 mice were submitted to severe septic injury by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Heart function was assessed by isolated and perfused heart, echocardiography, and β-adrenergic receptor binding. GRK2 was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis in the heart and isolated cardiac myocytes. Sepsis increased NOS2 expression in the heart, increased plasma nitrite + nitrate levels, and reduced isoproterenol-induced isolated ventricle contraction, whole heart tension development, and β-adrenergic receptor density. Treatment with 1400W or with GRK2 inhibitor prevented CLP-induced cardiac hyporesponsiveness 12 and 24 h after CLP. Increased labeling of total and phosphorylated GRK2 was detected in hearts after CLP. With treatment of 1400W or in hearts taken from septic NOS2 knockout mice, the activation of GRK2 was reduced. 1400W or GRK2 inhibitor reduced mortality, improved echocardiographic cardiac parameters, and prevented organ damage. Therefore, during sepsis, NOS2-derived NO increases GRK2, which leads to a reduction in β-adrenergic receptor density, contributing to the heart dysfunction. Isolated cardiac myocyte data indicate that NO acts through the soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP/PKG pathway. GRK2 inhibition may be a potential therapeutic target in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The main novelty presented here is to show that septic shock induces cardiac hyporesponsiveness to isoproterenol by a mechanism dependent on nitric oxide and mediated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase isoform 2. Therefore, G protein-coupled receptor kinase isoform 2 inhibition may be a potential therapeutic target in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction.