bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infiltration of SOFC Stacks: Evaluation of the Electrochemical Performance Enhancement and the Underlying Changes in the Microstructure
Authors: Kiebach R. , Zielke P. , Høgh J. V. T. , Thydén K. , Wang H.‐J. , Barford R. , Hendriksen P. V. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractExperimental SOFC stacks with 10 SOFCs (LSM‐YSZ/YSZ/Ni‐YSZ) were infiltrated with CGO and Ni‐CGO on the air and fuel side, respectively in an attempt to counter degradation and improve the output. The electrochemical performance of each cell was characterized (i) before infiltration, (ii) after infiltration on the cathode side, and (iii) after the infiltration of the anode side. A significant performance enhancement was observed after the infiltration with CGO on the cathode, while the infiltration of the anode side with Ni‐CGO had no significant effect on the electrochemical performance. After testing the cells were characterized by SEM and TEM/EELS. A thin layer of CGO nanoparticles around the LSM‐YSZ back bone structure was found after infiltration. On the anode side nano sized Ni particles were found embedded in a CGO layer formed around the Ni‐YSZ structure. EELS analysis showed that the oxidation state of the Ce ions is identical on the air and the fuel side.
Modulatory role of 17β‐estradiol in the tumor microenvironment of thyroid cancer
Authors: Hima Sithul , Sreeja Sreeharshan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThyroid cancer (TC) is an endocrine related cancer and is well coupled with the female reproductive hormone, 17β‐estradiol (estrogen). Plenty of articles have discussed the role of tumor microenvironment (TME) with different types of tumors in a broad‐spectrum but the role of female reproductive hormone, that is, involvement of estrogen in TME of TC have not been reviewed elsewhere. The aim of this review is to analyze how 17β‐estradiol affects the TME of TC and also that subsequently leads to progression of cancer. This review is given a new insight on: 1) the estrogen's involvement in TME of TC; 2) how it interferes with the complex cross talk of signaling pathways established between cancer cells, host cells, and their surrounding extracellular matrix; and 3) the important factors of microenvironment comprising inflammation, hypoxia, angiogenesis, metastasis, various growth factors and fibroblasts in stromal cells. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 68(2):85–96, 2016
Self‐assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogels in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Progress, design guidelines, and applications
Authors: Koutsopoulos Sotirios 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUntil the mid‐1980s, mainly biologists were conducting peptide research. This changed with discoveries that opened new paths of research involving the use of peptides in bioengineering, biotechnology, biomedicine, nanotechnology, and bioelectronics. Peptide engineering and rational design of novel peptide sequences with unique and tailor‐made properties further expanded the field. The discovery of short self‐assembling peptides, which upon association form well‐defined supramolecular architectures, created new and exciting areas of research. Depending on the amino acid sequence, the pH, and the type of the electrolyte in the medium, peptide self‐assembly leads to the formation of nanofibers, which are further organized to form a hydrogel. In this review, the application of ionic complementary peptides which self‐assemble to form nanofiber hydrogels for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine will be discussed through a selective presentation of the most important work performed during the last 25 years. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1002–1016, 2016.
Customized hybrid biomimetic hydroxyapatite scaffold for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Ciocca L. , Lesci I. G. , Mezini O. , Parrilli A. , Ragazzini S. , Rinnovati R. , Romagnoli N. , Roveri N. , Scotti R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThree‐dimension (3D) scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration were produced combining three different phases: nanometric hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesized by precipitation method and the crystals nucleation took place directly within collagen fibrils following a biologically inspired mineralization process; polycaprolactone was employed to give the material a 3D structure. The chemico‐physical analysis carried out to test the material's properties and composition revealed a high similarity in composition and morphology with biologically mineralized collagen fibrils and a scaffold degradation pattern suitable for physiological processes. The micro‐ computerized tomography (micro‐CT) showed 53.53% porosity and a 97.86% mean interconnected pores. Computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) technology was used for molding the scaffold's volume (design/shape) and for guiding the surgical procedure (cutting guides). The custom made scaffolds were implanted in sheep mandible using prototyped surgical guides and customized bone plates. After three months healing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the explanted scaffold revealed a massive cell seeding of the scaffold, with cell infiltration within the scaffold's interconnected pores. The micro‐CT of the explanted construct showed a good match between the scaffold and the adjacent host's bone, to shield the implant primary stability. Histology confirmed cell penetration and widely documented neoangiogenesis within the entire scaffold's volume. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 723–734, 2017.
Community Cultural Wealth: An Assets‐Based Approach to Persistence of Engineering Students of Color
Authors: Samuelson Cate C. , Litzler Elizabeth 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundCommunity cultural wealth, or the types of cultural capital that students of color employ, has been used to understand the persistence of students of color in engineering. The assets‐based theory of community cultural wealth helps identify the cultural resources that these students develop in their families and communities and bring to engineering. This theory problematizes the experiences of students of color in the context of an educational system designed for White males.PurposeThe study sought to answer four research questions: What types of community cultural wealth did African American and Latino students rely on through their engineering programs? How did the different types of capital contribute to student persistence? What differences emerged between African American and Latino students? What differences emerged at the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender?Design/MethodWe applied secondary qualitative analysis to interviews with 31 engineering undergraduates: 11 African American students and 20 Latino students from 11 universities.ResultsEach type of community cultural wealth took various forms and contributed to student persistence. Students alluded to navigational and aspirational capital most often. African American men and women activated particular types of capital differently. Women with different racial/ethnic backgrounds also relied on different forms of capital or methods of activation.ConclusionsThe types of capital are dynamic in how they interact with one another. Community cultural wealth is a useful assets‐based construct for the study of persistence of engineering students of color.
A new look at the psychological contract during organizational socialization: The role of newcomers' obligations at entry
Authors: Delobbe Nathalie , Cooper‐Thomas Helena D. , De Hoe Roxane 
Published: December 2015

SummaryPrevious studies have demonstrated that the psychological contract is largely shaped during socialization. This study adopts a complementary perspective and analyzes how the psychological contract at the start of employment shapes the subsequent socialization process. Drawing upon social exchange theory, we propose that newcomers with a higher sense of their personal obligations at entry will perceive orientation training as more useful and develop better relationships with their supervisors and peers, which in turn will facilitate their work adjustment. Results of a longitudinal survey on a sample of 144 recruits from a European Army show that newcomers with a higher initial sense of their employee obligations toward their employer report higher perceived training utility, higher leader–member exchange (LMX) with their instructors, and higher team–member exchange (TMX) with their platoon peers. Moreover, perceived training utility and LMX predict the fulfillment of employers' obligations; and training utility predicts the level of newcomers' employee obligations. Finally, training utility, LMX, and TMX predict some of three indicators of newcomers' adjustment, namely, role clarity (training utility and LMX), group integration (TMX), and organizational values understanding (training utility). These results highlight how newcomers' obligations at the start of employment contribute to the social exchange dynamic underlying organizational socialization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of ATP‐binding cassette transporter genes in the progression of prostate cancer
Authors: Karatas Omer F. , Guzel Esra , Duz Mehmet B. , Ittmann Michael , Ozen Mustafa 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUNDProstate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm and the second leading cause of cancer‐related death among men in developed countries. There is no clear evidence showing the success of current screening tests in reducing mortality of PCa. In this study, we aimed to profile expressions of nine ABC transporters, ABCA5, ABCB1, ABCB6, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC3, ABCC5, ABCC10, and ABCF2, in recurrent, non‐recurrent PCa and normal prostate tissues.METHODSA total of 77 (39 recurrent, 38 non‐recurrent) radical prostatectomy and 20 normal prostate samples, obtained from Baylor College of Medicine Prostate Cancer program, were included into the study and divided into two independent groups as test and validation sample sets. Differential expression of selected ABC transporters was assessed using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Pearson's correlation test, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and Kaplan–Meier test were used for statistical analysis.RESULTSQRT‐PCR results demonstrated the elevated expression of ABCA5, ABCB1, ABCB6, ABCC1, and ABCC2 as well as reduced expression of ABCC3 in PCa samples compared to normal prostate tissues. In addition, we found deregulation of ABCB1, ABCB6, ABCC3, and ABCC10 in recurrent PCa samples and validated differential expression of ABCB6, ABCC3, and ABCC10 in recurrent PCa compared to non‐recurrent PCa. Pearson's correlation, ROC and Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed the power of these three ABC transporters for estimating prognosis of PCa.CONCLUSIONSWe demonstrated differential expression of ABC transporters both in tumor versus normal and recurrent versus non‐recurrent comparisons. Our data suggest ABCB6, ABCC3, and ABCC10 as valuable predictors of PCa progression. Prostate 76:434–444, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cover Image, Volume 7, Issue 1
Authors: Ford James D. , Stephenson Ellie , Cunsolo Willox Ashlee , Edge Victoria , Farahbakhsh Khosrow , Furgal Christopher , Harper Sherilee , Chatwood Susan , Mauro Ian , Pearce Tristan , Austin Stephanie , Bunce Anna , Bussalleu Alejandra , Diaz Jahir , Finner Kaitlyn , Gordon Allan , Huet Catherine , Kitching Knut , Lardeau Marie‐Pierre , McDowell Graham , McDonald Ellen , Nakoneczny Lesya , Sherman Mya 
Published: December 2015

The cover image, by James D. Ford et al., is based on the Overview “Community‐based adaptation research in the Canadian Arctic,” DOI 10.1002/wcc.376.Lukie Airut, a seventy‐year‐old master carver and hunter from the Igloolik region of Nunavut, stands on an ice flow hunting walrus in the summer of 2012. Inuit in the Canadian Arctic are on the frontline of climate change adaptation as the region is warming double the global average which profoundly impacts social‐economic, cultural and biophysical systems.
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Evolution of a Lung‐Sparing Strategy with Sleeve Lobectomy and Induction Therapy for Non‐small Cell Lung Cancer: 20‐Year Experience at a Single Institution
Authors: Tagawa Tetsuzo , Iwata Takekazu , Nakajima Takahiro , Suzuki Hidemi , Yoshida Shigetoshi , Yoshino Ichiro 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo elucidate the evolution of a lung‐sparing strategy with sleeve lobectomy (SL) and induction therapy for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 205 patients with NSCLC who underwent pneumonectomy (PN, n = 54) or SL (n = 151) from 1994 to 2013. The study period was divided into four 5‐year periods, and surgical trends were analyzed, focusing on the PN:SL ratio.ResultsPN was associated with a significantly advanced pathological stage, a larger tumor size and less pulmonary function compared with SL. The PN group had higher 30‐day (3.7 vs. 0 %, p = 0.018) and 90‐day (13.0 vs. 1.3 %, p = 0.0003) mortality than the SL group. The overall 5‐year survival rate was significantly higher with SL (71.5 %) versus PN (42.8 %, p = 0.011) for patients with pN0–1. The ratio of PN among total surgeries decreased significantly over the four periods (1994–1998, 1999–2003, 2004–2008, and 2009–2013) from 5.63 % to 3.17, 1.40, and 1.38 %, respectively (p < 0.0001); in contrast, the PN:SL ratio increased significantly from 1.64 to 2.50, 3.71, and 5.44, respectively (p = 0.041). During the last period, when we introduced induction therapy, 38 of 651 who received surgery underwent induction therapy. The PN:SL ratios of those who did and did not undergo induction therapy were 15 (PN: 1, SL: 15) and 4.25 (PN: 8, SL: 34), respectively.ConclusionsA lung‐sparing strategy with SL for NSCLC can decrease the PN rate to less than 2 % with less mortality. Induction therapy may facilitate SL and increase the PN:SL ratio.
Prioritisation of Surgery in the National Health Strategic Plans of Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Citron Isabelle , Chokotho Linda , Lavy Chris 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionDisease amenable to surgical intervention accounts for 11–15 % of world disability and there is increasing interest in surgery as a global public health issue. National Health Strategic Plans (NHSPs) reflect countries’ long‐term health priorities, plans and targets. These plans were analysed to assess the prioritisation of surgery as a public health issue in Africa.MethodsNHSPs of 43 independent Sub‐Saharan African countries available in the public domain in March 2014 in French or English were searched electronically for key terms: surg*, ortho*, trauma, cancer, appendic*, laparotomy, HIV, tuberculosis, malaria. They were then searched manually for disease prevalence, targets, and human resources.Results19 % of NHSPs had no mention of surgery or surgical conditions. 63 % had five or less mentions of surgery. HIV and malaria had 3772 mentions across all the policies, compared to surgery with only 376 mentions. Trauma had 239 mentions, while the common surgical conditions of appendicitis, laparotomy and hernia had no mentions at all. Over 95 % of NHSPs specifically mentioned the prevalence of HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, infant mortality and maternal mortality. Whereas, the most commonly mentioned surgical condition for which a prevalence was given was trauma, in only 47 % of policies. All NHSPs had plans and measurable targets for the reduction of HIV and tuberculosis. Of the total 4064 health targets, only 2 % were related to surgical conditions or surgical care. 33 % of policies had no surgical targets.DiscussionNHSPs are the best available measure of health service and planning priorities. It is clear from our findings that surgery is poorly represented and that surgical conditions and surgical treatment are not widely recognised as a public health priority. Greater prioritisation of surgery in national health strategic policies is required to build resilient surgical systems.
Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy for Residual Coagulated Hemothorax After Lung Surgery
Authors: Huang Dayu , Zhao Deping , Zhou Yiming , Liu Hongchen , Chen Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundMany studies have described the use of intrapleural fibrinolytics for the treatment of complex pleural processes and traumatic hemothorax, but data are scarce regarding their use for hemothorax after lung surgery.ObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy with urokinase for residual coagulated hemothorax (blood clot accumulation in the pleural cavity) after lung surgery.MethodsFrom July 2009 to November 2013, 46 patients (33 males; mean age, 56.9 ± 10.7 years) were treated with intrapleural urokinase (250,000 IU per dose) for residual hemothorax after lung surgery. Complete response was defined as clinical improvement with complete drainage of the retained collection shown by chest X‐ray, and partial response as substantial resolution with minimal residual opacity (<25 % of the thorax). Follow‐up was at least 30 days.ResultsThe procedure was successful in 42 patients (91.3 %), with complete response observed in 35/46 patients (76.1 %) and partial response in 7/46 (15.2 %). These 42 patients did not require re‐intervention for fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity. Treatment failed in 4 patients (8.7 %): one developed bronchopleural fistula that later resolved spontaneously and three (6.5 %) required thoracoscopic drainage for pleural cavity fluid accumulation and lung collapse. No patient required thoracotomy for total decortication. Intrapleural urokinase administration was not associated with serious adverse events, including bleeding complications or allergic reactions.ConclusionsIntrapleural fibrinolytic agents should be considered a useful therapeutic option for the treatment of postoperative residual hemothorax. This method appears to be safe and effective in >90 % of patients with postoperative hemothorax.
Are We Ready for Mass Fatality Incidents? Preparedness of the US Mass Fatality Infrastructure
Authors: Merrill Jacqueline A. , Orr Mark , Chen Daniel Y. , Zhi Qi , Gershon Robyn R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the preparedness of the US mass fatality infrastructure, we developed and tested metrics for 3 components of preparedness: organizational, operational, and resource sharing networks.MethodsIn 2014, data were collected from 5 response sectors: medical examiners and coroners, the death care industry, health departments, faith-based organizations, and offices of emergency management. Scores were calculated within and across sectors and a weighted score was developed for the infrastructure.ResultsA total of 879 respondents reported highly variable organizational capabilities: 15% had responded to a mass fatality incident (MFI); 42% reported staff trained for an MFI, but only 27% for an MFI involving hazardous contaminants. Respondents estimated that 75% of their staff would be willing and able to respond, but only 53% if contaminants were involved. Most perceived their organization as somewhat prepared, but 13% indicated “not at all.” Operational capability scores ranged from 33% (death care industry) to 77% (offices of emergency management). Network capability analysis found that only 42% of possible reciprocal relationships between resource-sharing partners were present. The cross-sector composite score was 51%; that is, half the key capabilities for preparedness were in place.ConclusionsThe sectors in the US mass fatality infrastructure report suboptimal capability to respond. National leadership is needed to ensure sector-specific and infrastructure-wide preparedness for a large-scale MFI. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:87–97)
Does the continuation of warfarin change management outcomes in epistaxis patients?
Authors: Bola S , Marsh R , Braggins S , Potter C , Hickey S 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to compare management, readmission rates and length of in-patient stay amongst warfarinised and non-warfarinised patients to ascertain future treatment protocols.Methods:A 12-month retrospective review was conducted of ENT epistaxis admissions. Admission details such as length of in-patient stay, clotting profile and management plan were recorded. Comparisons of management and outcome for warfarinised and non-warfarinised patients were made using the Fisher's exact paired t-test.Results:Of 176 epistaxis patients admitted, 31 per cent were warfarinised, 18 per cent were on another form of anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy, and 51 per cent were not on any medication that might impose a bleeding risk. The international normalised ratio at admission was high in 13 per cent of warfarinised patients; the remaining patients had therapeutic or sub-therapeutic international normalised ratios and so warfarin was continued. The mean in-patient stay was similar for all cohorts; however, warfarinised patients had a higher readmission rate.Conclusion:Warfarinised epistaxis patients may be safely managed without stopping their anticoagulation therapy, provided their international normalised ratio is at therapeutic or sub-therapeutic levels. By continuing regular anticoagulation therapy, warfarinised patients may be discharged without delay.
Meta-analysis of social cognition in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): comparison with healthy controls and autistic spectrum disorder
Authors: Bora E. , Pantelis C. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundImpairment in social cognition is an established finding in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Emerging evidence suggests that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) might be also associated with deficits in theory of mind (ToM) and emotion recognition. However, there are inconsistent findings, and it has been debatable whether such deficits persist beyond childhood and how similar social cognitive deficits are in ADHD v. ASD.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of social cognition, including emotion recognition and ToM, studies in ADHD compared with healthy controls and ASD. The current meta-analysis involved 44 studies comparing ADHD (n = 1999) with healthy controls (n = 1725) and 17 studies comparing ADHD (n = 772) with ASD (n = 710).ResultsFacial and vocal emotion recognition (d = 0.40–0.44) and ToM (d = 0.43) abilities were significantly impaired in ADHD. The most robust facial emotion recognition deficits were evident in anger and fear. Social cognitive deficits were either very subtle (emotion recognition) or non-significant (ToM) in adults with ADHD. Deficits in social cognition, especially ToM, were significantly more pronounced in ASD compared with ADHD. General cognitive impairment has contributed to social cognitive deficits in ADHD.ConclusionsPerformance of individuals with ADHD on social cognition lies intermediate between ASD and healthy controls. However, developmental trajectories of social cognition probably differ between ADHD and ASD as social cognitive deficits in ADHD might be improving with age in most individuals. There is a need for studies investigating a potential subtype of ADHD with persistent social cognitive deficits and exploring longitudinal changes in social cognition during development.
Laser excitation of terahertz surface plasma wave over a hollow capillary plasma
Authors: Singh Rohtash , Tripathi V. K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTwo collinear laser pulses of finite spot size propagating through a capillary plasma, modeled as a hollow plasma cylinder, are shown to produce beat frequency terahertz (THz) surface plasmons at the inner surface. The evanescent laser fields in the plasma impart oscillatory velocity to electrons and exert a beat ponderomotive force on them. The static component of the ponderomotive force inhibits plasma from filling the vacuum region while the beat frequency component produces a nonlinear current (${\vec J^{{\;\rm NL}}}$) that drives the difference frequency THz surface plasma wave (SPW). Phase matching for the THz surface wave excitation is achieved when the group velocity of the lasers equals the phase velocity of the beat frequency SPW. At laser intensities of ~1014W/cm2at 10 μm wavelength, one may attain normalized surface wave amplitude ~ 0.03.