bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermophysical properties of different olive oils: Evaluating density and rheology through a fluid dynamic approach
Authors: Ribeiro Elisa Franco , Polachini Tiago Carregari , Carvalho Gisandro Reis , Romero Javier Telis , Cabral Renato Alexandre Ferreira 
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the Newtonian viscosity and density of different types of olive oils with the ultimate aim of optimizing the unit operations involved in their production process. A total of 14 oils were selected and tested at a wide range of temperatures. These included ten extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) and four olive oils (OOs) from five different countries of origin. The oils were analyzed to determine their fatty acid (FA) composition and all were found to contain large amounts of monounsaturated FAs such as oleic acid. FA composition did not appear to influence density, but viscosity demonstrated slight differences in activation energy in accordance with monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content. Both viscosity and density were affected by temperature. When the oils were heated, viscosity decreased exponentially following an Arrhenius type equation, while density decreased linearly. Rheological data was fitted well to theoretical results for absolute temperature and FA composition simultaneously, displaying fitting parameters different to those published in literature. A brief study of the fluid dynamics of the oils indicated close agreement between theoretical and experimental friction factor, confirming the accuracy of the prediction models reported in this work.Practical applications:If variations in fatty acid composition are not taken into account during olive oil production processes, problems could be encountered. In other words, over‐ or underestimating the liquid's dynamic properties could have adverse effects on pumping, refining, and other essential operations. This investigation therefore aimed to provide mathematical models to assess the thermophysical properties of various olive oils at a wide range of temperatures. Analyzing changes in density and dynamic viscosity provided valuable data that can be used to ensure equipment and processes are properly designed. The scarcity of fluid dynamic research in this specific area makes this investigation particularly relevant. Not only did it provide information about pressure loss in pipes and other parts of the machinery, it also proved useful in confirming the accuracy of prediction models reported by researching experimental density and rheological parameters.This work evaluated the fluid dynamic as a classical method to confirm the determination of the thermophysical properties of different commercial olive oils.
Physicochemical, rheological, and sensory properties of low‐fat ice cream designed by double emulsions
Authors: Tekin Ezgi , Sahin Serpil , Sumnu Gulum 
Published: February 2017

This research was conducted to evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of using double emulsions to reduce fat content in ice cream. Polyglycerol poliricinoleate (PGPR)‐lecithin blend and guar gum (GG) or guar gum‐gum tragacanth (GGGT) blend were used as emulsifier/stabilizer in the formulations. Ice cream samples prepared by double emulsion method and by conventional method were compared in terms of rheological properties, overrun, melt‐down resistance, and sensory properties. It was possible to reduce fat content of ice cream to 2.8% by means of double emulsion method without affecting ice cream quality adversely. Using GGGT blends in double emulsion formulation provided about 6% increase in overrun values, 13% decrease in rate of melting, and 20% increase in overall acceptability in sensory analysis as compared to the samples prepared by GG.Practical applications: The result of this research can be used in production of low fat ice cream. There have been many attempts to reduce fat content of ice cream by using fat replacers or components imitating fat. However, the major problem of using fat replacers is low sensory quality of reduced fat ice cream. In this study, double emulsion method was used for reducing the fat content of ice cream. It was possible to reduce fat content of ice cream to 2.8% by means of double emulsion method was possible without affecting ice cream quality adversely.Double emulsion as a new technique to form ice cream with reduced fat content without changing quality characteristics as compared to regular fat content ice cream.
Adsorption of ciprofloxacin on to bamboo charcoal: Effects of pH, salinity, cations, and phosphate
Authors: Wang Li , Chen Guangcai , Ling Chen , Zhang Jianfeng , Szerlag Kathryn 
Published: February 2017

The adsorption of ciprofloxacin (CIP) by bamboo charcoal in aqueous solution was explored under varying pH, salinity, metal cations, and phosphate. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms were depicted well by the pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir models, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity (
) was 36.02 mg g−1 according to the Langmuir model. The CIP adsorption increased with increasing pH and reached the maximum adsorption amount at pH 5.5, then decreased with increasing pH. It indicated that cation exchange played an important role in CIP adsorption. The effects of metal cations (0.2 mM Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Al3+) on the CIP adsorption are both pH and cation species dependent. Al3+ greatly increased the CIP adsorption on to bamboo charcoal at pH 3.5, 5.5, and 9.5 (p < 0.05). Pb2+ inhibited the CIP adsorption, while Cu2+ significantly enhanced the CIP adsorption at pH 3.5 and 5.5, but both showed insignificant effects at pH 9.5. The presence of phosphate enhanced the CIP adsorption at pH 3.5 and 5.5, while slightly inhibiting the CIP adsorption at pH 9.5. The adsorption mechanisms of CIP on to bamboo charcoal were ascribed to cation exchange, hydrogen bonding and metal bridging. These results suggest that bamboo charcoal has great potential to be used as an efficient material in CIP removal from aquatic environments. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1108–1115, 2017
Third‐order WENO scheme with a new smoothness indicator
Authors: Gande Naga Raju , Rathod Yogita , Rathan Samala 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIn this article, we have devised a new reference smoothness indicator for third‐order weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) scheme to achieve desired order of convergence at critical points. In the context of the weighted essentially non‐oscillatory scheme, reference smoothness indicator is constructed in such a way that it satisfies the sufficient condition on the weights for the third‐order convergence. The goal is to construct a reference smoothness indicator such that the resulted scheme have to achieve the required order of accuracy even if the first two derivatives vanish but not the third derivative. The construction of such reference smoothness indicator is not possible through a linear combination of local smoothness indicators only. We have proposed a reference smoothness indicator to be of the fourth order of accuracy on three‐point stencil that contains the linear combination of the first derivative information of the local and global stencils. The performance enhancement of the WENO scheme through this reference smoothness indicator is verified through the standard numerical experiments. Numerical results indicate that the new scheme provides better results in comparison with the earlier third‐order WENO schemes like WENO‐JS and WENO‐Z. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive parenting for alleviating young children's shyness: A randomized controlled trial of an early intervention program
Authors: Luke Felix , Chan Charles C. , Au Alma , Lai Simon M.K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA randomized controlled trial was conducted to test the efficacy of the Cool Little Kids program implemented for parents of temperamentally inhibited Hong Kong Chinese preschool‐aged children. This early intervention program was designed to help inhibited children alleviate shy and anxious behaviors in social situations by training parents on adaptive parenting skills. Parents of 57 inhibited children (mean age = 3.91, 35 boys) were randomly assigned to an intervention group and a waitlist control group. Children were assessed by teachers on Chinese shyness, social initiative, and internalizing problems before and after the intervention to evaluate the program effects. As hypothesized, relative to the control group, children from the intervention group reduced significantly with a large effect size detected (Cohen's f = .40) in anxious shyness but not regulated shyness. However, the same children did not significantly improve on social initiative with peers nor decrease in internalizing problems. These results were discussed with some plausible explanations. The randomized controlled trial supported wider dissemination of this preventive intervention for alleviating anxious shyness in early childhood. The positive parental receptivity also demonstrated the feasibility of a larger‐scale implementation. A future community‐wide program rollout for Chinese families in Hong Kong is warranted.Highlights

This paper investigates if parenting intervention can help reduce anxious shyness among Hong Kong Chinese children.
A randomized controlled trial evidenced the efficacy of the Cool Little Kids program in alleviating Chinese children's shyness.
Wider dissemination of this early intervention program in the Hong Kong Chinese community is supported by this paper.
No! Don't touch the toys: Preschoolers' discipline towards their younger siblings
Authors: van Berkel Sheila R. , Groeneveld Marleen G. , van der Pol Lotte D. , Endendijk Joyce J. , Hallers‐Haalboom Elizabeth T. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , Mesman Judi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractParental limit setting is a challenging and common situation in the daily lives of young children. During these situations, older siblings may use their more advanced cognitive skills and their greater physical strength to discipline their younger sibling and prevent or correct noncompliant behavior. This is the first study to examine preschoolers' discipline towards their toddler siblings during parental limit setting. In addition to observing preschoolers' sibling discipline, associations with their inhibitory control and externalizing behavior, their sibling's noncompliance and both children's gender were investigated. Sibling discipline was observed during parental limit setting in 285 families during one home visit with the mother and one home visit with the father. Preschoolers did discipline their younger siblings without being asked in the majority of the families, with girls displaying more disciplining behavior than boys. Toddlers' noncompliance was related to increased sibling discipline when their older siblings showed high levels of externalizing behavior themselves, although no such relation was found in case of older siblings with low levels of externalizing behavior. Sibling discipline was not related to preschoolers' inhibitory control or toddler's gender. Sibling discipline might thus be an expression of power assertion of the older sibling, instead of the moral urge to prevent transgressions.Highlights

Preschoolers' discipline towards their toddler siblings was examined during parental limit setting, as well as associations with characteristics of both children.
Observed discipline towards a younger sibling was related to externalizing behavior and not to inhibitory control of the older sibling.
Sibling discipline seems to be an expression of older siblings' power assertion, instead of a moral urge to prevent transgressions.
Identification of “Huoshan shihu” Fengdou: Comparative authentication of the Daodi herb Dendrobium huoshanense and its related species by macroscopic and microscopic features
Authors: Zhao Yujiao , Han Bangxing , Peng Huasheng , Wang Xiao , Chu Shanshan , Dai Jun , Peng Daiyin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract“Huoshan shihu,” derived from Dendrobium huoshanense, is a well‐known, valuable, and rare Daodi herb. Because of its higher price and scarce resources, its related species D. officinale and D. moniliforme are usually presented as “Huoshan shihu” for sale. Fengdou, the processed form of D. huoshanense, its identification is particularly important. To effectively identify Fengdou of D. huoshanense and protect the Daodi herb, the morphological and microscopic characteristics of the stems of three Dendrobium species were examined. The results showed that macroscopic and microscopic features helpful for identification of the three species were the total lengths and internode numbers of stems, diameter and length of each internode, number of vascular bundles, and presence or absence of silica masses. The key features useful for distinguishing between D. huoshanense and its related species, and also between their Fengdou, were the stem lengths and the trends of change in diameter in different internodes. The results of the study indicated that a combination of macroscopic and microscopic identification techniques might conveniently and effectively be applied for identification of Dendrobium species. “Longtou Fengwei” is the main feature of the Daodi herb “Huoshan shihu,” (D. huoshanense Fengdou) and reflects the wisdom behind the protection of Daodi herbs in ancient times.
Flows and Bisections in Cubic Graphs
Authors: Esperet L. , Mazzuoccolo G. , Tarsi M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA k‐weak bisection of a cubic graph G is a partition of the vertex‐set of G into two parts V1 and V2 of equal size, such that each connected component of the subgraph of G induced by () is a tree of at most vertices. This notion can be viewed as a relaxed version of nowhere‐zero flows, as it directly follows from old results of Jaeger that every cubic graph G with a circular nowhere‐zero r‐flow has a ‐weak bisection. In this article, we study problems related to the existence of k‐weak bisections. We believe that every cubic graph that has a perfect matching, other than the Petersen graph, admits a 4‐weak bisection and we present a family of cubic graphs with no perfect matching that do not admit such a bisection. The main result of this article is that every cubic graph admits a 5‐weak bisection. When restricted to bridgeless graphs, that result would be a consequence of the assertion of the 5‐flow Conjecture and as such it can be considered a (very small) step toward proving that assertion. However, the harder part of our proof focuses on graphs that do contain bridges.
Degree Conditions for Matchability in 3‐Partite Hypergraphs
Authors: Aharoni Ron , Berger Eli , Kotlar Dani , Ziv Ran 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe study conjectures relating degree conditions in 3‐partite hypergraphs to the matching number of the hypergraph, and use topological methods to prove special cases. In particular, we prove a strong version of a theorem of Drisko [14] (as generalized by the first two authors [2]), that every family of matchings of size n in a bipartite graph has a partial rainbow matching of size n. We show that milder restrictions on the sizes of the matchings suffice. Another result that is strengthened is a theorem of Cameron and Wanless [11], that every Latin square has a generalized diagonal (set of n entries, each in a different row and column) in which no symbol appears more than twice. We show that the same is true under the weaker condition that the square is row‐Latin.
BMI z‐Scores are a poor indicator of adiposity among 2‐ to 19‐year‐olds with very high BMIs, NHANES 1999‐2000 to 2013‐2014
Authors: Freedman David S. , Butte Nancy F. , Taveras Elsie M. , Lundeen Elizabeth A. , Blanck Heidi M. , Goodman Alyson B. , Ogden Cynthia L. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveAlthough the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts are widely used, BMI‐for‐age z‐Scores (BMIz) are known to be uninformative above the 97th percentile. This study compared the relations of BMIz and other BMI metrics (%BMIp95, percent of 95th percentile, and ΔBMIp95, BMI minus 95th percentile) to circumferences, skinfolds, and fat mass. We were particularly interested in the differences among children with severe obesity (%BMIp95 ≥ 120).MethodsData was used from 30,003 2‐ to 19‐year‐olds who were examined from 1999‐2000 through 2013‐2014 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).ResultsThe theoretical maximum BMIz based on the growth charts varied by more than threefold across ages. The BMI metrics were strongly intercorrelated, but BMIz was less strongly related to the adiposity measures than were ΔBMIp95 and %BMIp95. Among children with severe obesity, circumferences and triceps skinfold showed almost no association with BMIz (r ≤ 0.10), whereas associations with %BMIp95 and ΔBMIp95 ranged from r = 0.32 to 0.79. Corresponding associations with fat mass ÷ height2 ranged from r = 0.40 (BMIz) to r =0.82 (%BMIp95) among 8‐ to 19‐year‐olds.ConclusionsAmong children with severe obesity, BMIz is only weakly associated with other measures of body fatness. Very high BMIs should be expressed relative to the CDC 95th percentile, particularly in studies that evaluate obesity interventions.
HIV infection does not prevent the metabolic benefits of diet‐induced weight loss in women with obesity
Authors: Reeds Dominic N. , Pietka Terri A. , Yarasheski Kevin E. , Cade W. Todd , Patterson Bruce W. , Okunade Adewole , Abumrad Nada A. , Klein Samuel 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that HIV infection impairs the beneficial effects of weight loss on insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.MethodsA prospective clinical trial evaluated the effects of moderate diet‐induced weight loss on body composition, metabolic function, and adipose tissue biology in women with obesity who were HIV‐seronegative (HIV−) or HIV‐positive (HIV+). Body composition, multiorgan insulin sensitivity (assessed by using a two‐stage hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp procedure with stable isotopically labeled tracer infusions), and adipose tissue expression of markers of inflammation, autophagy, and ER stress were evaluated in 8 HIV− and 20 HIV+ women with obesity before and after diet‐induced weight loss of 6% to 8%.ResultsAlthough weight loss was not different between groups (∼7.5%), the decrease in fat‐free mass was greater in HIV+ than HIV− subjects (−4.4 ± 0.7% vs. −1.7 ± 1.0%, P < 0.05). Weight loss improved insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue (suppression of palmitate rate of appearance [Ra]), liver (suppression of glucose Ra), and muscle (glucose disposal) similarly in both groups. Weight loss did not affect adipose tissue expression of markers of inflammation or ER stress in either group.ConclusionsModerate diet‐induced weight loss improves multiorgan insulin sensitivity in HIV+ women to the same extent as women who are HIV−. However, weight loss causes a greater decline in fat‐free mass in HIV+ than HIV− women.
The care pentagon: Older adults within Sri Lankan‐Australian transnational families and their landscapes of care
Authors: De Silva Menusha 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMuch of the scholarship on care for older parents within transnational families concentrates on challenges migrants encounter when providing care across transnational space. This paper focuses attention on older adults as transnational care recipients, their agency, and alternative sources of care. Drawing on the experiences of 35 affluent, urban older parents residing in Sri Lanka with at least one adult child who is a skilled, permanent migrant in Australia, I examine how the older parents adapt to the migration of their traditional caregivers, and how the family, community, market and state respond to this care gap to varying degrees. I propose a “care pentagon” as a framework to interrogate older persons' negotiations with these multiple caregivers in the home and host countries, and the manner these agents operate to form a tiered network of caregivers. Through the analysis, I highlight the care‐receiver's tendency to self‐care and the agency they exert within their relationships of care. The paper demonstrates that older persons' landscapes of care change both temporally and spatially as their levels of health and independence vary over time.
Numerical and experimental study of the leakage flow in guide vanes with different hydrofoils
Authors: Chitrakar Sailesh , Thapa Biraj Singh , Dahlhaug Ole Gunnar , Neopane Hari Prasad 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Clearance gaps between guide vanes and cover plates of Francis turbines tend to increase in size due to simultaneous effect of secondary flow and erosion in sediment affected hydropower plants. The pressure difference between the two sides of the guide vane induces leakage flow through the gap. This flow enters into the suction side with high acceleration, disturbing the primary flow and causing more erosion and losses in downstream turbine components. A cascade rig containing a single guide vane passage has been built to study the effect of the clearance gap using pressure sensors and PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technique. This study focuses on developing a numerical model of the test rig, validating the results with experiments and investigating the behavior of leakage flow numerically. It was observed from both CFD and experiment that the leakage flow forms a passage vortex, which shifts away from the wall while travelling downstream. The streamlines contributing to the formation of this vortex have been discussed. Furthermore, the reference guide vane with symmetrical hydrofoil has been compared with four cambered profiles, in terms of the guide vane loading and the consequent effect on the leakage flow. A dimensionless term called Leakage Flow Factor (Lff) has been introduced to compare the performances of hydrofoils. It is shown that the leakage flow and its effect on increasing losses and erosion can be minimized by changing the pressure distribution over the guide vane.
Highlights Use of the computational tool (CFD) to predict the flow phenomena in hydropower application. Validation of the computationally obtained pressure with pressure sensors and velocity with PIV experiment. Use of the validated numerical model to compare the guide vane profiles for erosion-friendly design of the turbines.
Incidence, 10-year recidivism rate and prognostic factors for cholesteatoma
Authors: Britze A , Møller M L , Ovesen T 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjective:Cholesteatoma patients have a high risk of recurrence with complications, and knowledge exchange is a prerequisite for improving treatment. This study aimed to apply appropriate statistics to provide meaningful and transferable results from cholesteatoma surgery, to highlight independent prognostic factors, and to assess the incidence rate.Methods:Incidence rates were assessed for the district of Aarhus, Denmark. From 147 patients operated on mainly with canal wall up mastoidectomies for debuting cholesteatomas, 10-year Kaplan–Meier recidivism rates were calculated and independent prognostic factors for the recidivism were identified by Cox multivariate regression analyses.Results:Incidence rate was 6.8 per 100 000 per year. The 10-year cumulative recidivism rate was 0.44 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.37–0.53). Independent prognostic factors for the recidivism were: age below 15 years (hazard ratio = 2.2; p > z = 0.002), cholesteatoma localised to the mastoid (hazard ratio = 1.7; p > z = 0.04), stapes erosion (hazard ratio = 1.9; p > z = 0.02) and incus erosion (hazard ratio = 1.9; p > z = 0.04).Conclusion:The recidivism rate is influenced by several factors that are important to observe, both in the clinic and when comparing results from surgery.