bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of presacral extramedullary haematopoiesis: a diagnosis to be considered for presacral masses
Authors: Zhou P. P. , Clark E. , Kapadia M. R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimPresacral masses are uncommon and have malignant potential; treatment typically includes surgical excision. However, there are conditions such as extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) which are benign. The present study aimed to summarize the presentation of presacral EMH in our institution, to review the literature and to offer management strategies for this rare condition.MethodThe literature was searched for articles related to presacral EMH, and case reports were collected from articles meeting the inclusion criteria. We collected data on patient demographics, diagnostic investigation, management and the results of treatment.ResultsThirty‐nine patients were included in the systematic review. Initial imaging included computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound (US) suggestive of EMH. Some patients then underwent a technetium scan (n = 7, 18%), biopsy of the presacral lesion (n = 27, 69%) or excision of the entire mass (n = 3, 8%). All patients who underwent technetium scan were confirmed to have EMH, demonstrating enhancement similar to bone marrow. Patients who underwent technetium scan and presacral mass biopsy had concordant results confirming presacral EMH (n = 5, 13%). Data on management were available for 35/39 (90%) with most patients followed by clinical observation (n = 20, 51%). Symptomatic patients were treated with radiotherapy (15%), surgical excision (15%) or hydroxyurea (5%) and blood transfusions (10%). Most (81%, n = 17/21) patients whose outcome was reported remained asymptomatic or experienced pain relief.ConclusionAlthough uncommon, EMH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a presacral mass. Presacral EMH is a benign condition that can be suspected on CT or MRI and confirmed with technetium scan. Patients may not necessarily need to undergo biopsy to confirm haematopoietic elements. Unlike other presacral masses, patients diagnosed with presacral EMH can be managed by observation. If symptomatic, radiotherapy or surgical excision may be offered.
Meta‐analysis and systematic review of procalcitonin‐guided treatment in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lin Changyang , Pang Qiyuan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate the method of procalcitonin (PCT)‐guided treatment on antibiotics in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).MethodsDatabase including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails were searched to find relevant trails. Randomized and quasi‐randomized trials of PCT‐guided treatment in adult patients with AECOPD were included. Effects on primary outcome (i.e., antibiotic prescriptions, mortality, and clinical success) were accessed in this meta‐analysis.ResultsFour trials involving 679 patients were included. PCT‐guided treatment significantly reduced antibiotic use (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.14–0.50, P < 0.0001) in comparison to standard treatment, without increasing clinical failure (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.70–1.74, P = 0.68; I2 = 0%) and mortality (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.44–1.68, P = 0.66). The rate of readmission and exacerbation at follow‐up period was similar in both groups.ConclusionResults from this meta‐analysis suggest PCT‐guided treatment can safely reduce antibiotic overuse in patients with AECOPD.
Oki stent application in different indications: Six cases
Authors: Özgül Mehmet Akif , Çetinkaya Erdoğan , Çörtük Mustafa , Tanrıverdi Elif , Yıldırım Binnaz Zeynep , Balci Merih Kalamanoğlu , Issaka Adamu , Özgül Güler 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionWe have used Oki stents for a number of different indications. After discovering that there are limited reports in the literature on these stents, we were motivated to share our experiences in Oki stenting.ObjectivesWhile there is vast knowledge on double Y‐stents, the Oki stent is a relatively recent development in pulmonology. Here, we demonstrate that stenting of the right secondary carina using an Oki stent should be considered for obstructions in this region.MethodsWe placed 13 mm × 10 mm × 9 mm Oki stents in six patients under general anesthesia via rigid bronchoscopy.ResultsThree cases were post‐transplant patients with malacia, stenosis, and bronchopleural fistula. One case had an airway obstruction due to malignant disease, another case had a right aortic arc and aberrant left subclavian artery anomaly, and the final case had bronchopleural fistula. No serious complications were observed during stent placement.ConclusionsOki stents can safely be used for many clinical conditions. Patients benefit greatly from stenting; however, two of our cases died due to infection, and one case died due to malignancy.
Substance use disorders comorbid with mood and anxiety disorders in the Australian general population
Authors: Prior Katrina , Mills Katherine , Ross Joanne , Teesson Maree 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsSubstance use disorders (SUDs) are common and frequently co‐occur with mood and anxiety disorders. This paper provides a detailed analysis of patterns, prevalence and correlates of mood and anxiety disorders among those with a (i) pure SUD; (ii) SUD plus a mood or anxiety disorder (SUDs + 1); and (iii) SUD plus a mood and anxiety disorder (SUDs + 2).Design and MethodsData came from the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing; a nationally representative household survey of 8841 Australians aged 16–85 years.ResultsThe 12‐month prevalence of SUDs was 5.1%. Of those with a 12‐month SUD, 65% met the criteria for pure SUDs, 19% for SUDs + 1 and 16% for SUDs + 2. Major depression was the most common mood disorder in both comorbid groups. One‐third of SUDs + 1 experienced social phobia, while over half of SUDs + 2 experienced generalised anxiety disorder. Compared with pure SUDs, SUDs + 1 experienced two times more and SUDs + 2 experienced over four times more days out of role in the preceding 30 days. Both comorbid groups were more likely to experience severe levels of impairment. SUDs + 2 were over 18 times more likely to experience suicidal thoughts in the same year. SUDs + 1 were over three times and SUDs + 2 were over 10 times more likely to have had one or more consultations with a health professional in the previous year.Discussions and ConclusionsThese findings highlight the complexities inherent with responding to and treating multiple comorbidities among substance users and emphasise the need for coordinated, cohesive responses from drug and alcohol treatment services.[Prior K, Mills K, Ross J, Teesson M. Substance use disorders comorbid with mood and anxiety disorders in the Australian general population. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:317–324]
MRIclassification system (MRICS) for children with cerebral palsy: development, reliability, and recommendations
Authors: Himmelmann Kate , Horber Veronka , De La Cruz Javier , Horridge Karen , Mejaski‐Bosnjak Vlatka , Hollody Katalin , Krägeloh‐Mann Ingeborg ,   the SCPE Working Group
Published: June 2016

AimTo develop and evaluate a classification system for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of children with cerebral palsy (CP) that can be used inCPregisters.MethodThe classification system was based on pathogenic patterns occurring in different periods of brain development. TheMRIclassification system (MRICS) consists of five main groups: maldevelopments, predominant white matter injury, predominant grey matter injury, miscellaneous, and normal findings. A detailed manual for the descriptions of these patterns was developed, including test cases (http://scpe.edu.eacd.org/scpe/reference-and-training-manual/rtm.php). A literature review was performed andMRICSwas compared with other classification systems. An exercise was carried out to check applicability and interrater reliability. Professionals working with children withCPor inCPregisters were invited to participate in the exercise and chose to classify either 18MRIs orMRIreports of children withCP.ResultsClassification systems in the literature were compatible withMRICSand harmonization possible. Interrater reliability was found to be good overall (k=0.69; 0.54–0.82) among the 41 participants and very good (k=0.81; 0.74–0.92) using the classification based on imaging reports.InterpretationSurveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) proposes theMRICSas a reliable tool. Together with its manual it is simple to apply forCPregisters.
Virulence of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus to pine seedlings and trees under field cownditions
Authors: Zhou L. F. , Chen F. M. , Wang J. C. , Pan H. Y. , Ye J. R. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBursaphelenchus mucronatus is a parasitic nematode of pine that is widely distributed in the natural pine forests of Asia and Europe. It has a very similar morphology and biology to that of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease, but has generally been considered to be non‐pathogenic to pine. However, in some provinces of China, B. mucronatus has been isolated from dead pine trees rather than B. xylophilus. Previous studies have shown that B. mucronatus can induce the death of pine seedlings under glasshouse conditions. To investigate the virulence of B. mucronatus, 2‐year‐old seedlings of Pinus massoniana and Pinus elliottii were inoculated with one of six isolates of B. mucronatus under field conditions in April 2014 and their condition was monitored over a year. The virulence of the six B. mucronatus isolates differed on the three host species: P. elliottii seedling mortality ranged from zero to six of the 18 inoculated seedlings, whereas P. massoniana seedling mortality ranged from four to 12 of the 18 inoculated seedlings. Three B. mucronatus isolates that appeared to cause different levels of mortality among the seedlings were used to inoculate 12‐year‐old Pinus thunbergii trees in August 2014. The trees were monitored for a year, during which time between 4 and 12 of the 18 inoculated trees in each treatment wilted and died. The average monthly temperature during the test period appeared to be similar to that of the historical average in the test areas; however, both study sites experienced above‐average rainfall. This study demonstrated that B. mucronatus has potential virulence on pine trees and provided experimental evidence that high temperatures or drought stress is not essential for the virulence of B. mucronatus.
Growth rate evolution in improved environments under Prodigal Son dynamics
Authors: Collins Sinéad 
Published: June 2016

AbstractI use an individual‐based model to investigate the evolution of cell division rates in asexual populations under chronic environmental enrichment. I show that maintaining increased growth rates over hundreds of generations following environmental improvement can be limited by increases in cellular damage associated with more rapid reproduction. In the absence of further evolution to either increase damage tolerance or decrease the cost of repair or rate of damage, environmental improvement does not reliably lead to long‐term increases in reproductive rate in microbes. Here, more rapid cell division rates also increases damage, leading to selection for damage avoidance or repair, and a subsequent decrease in population growth, which I call Prodigal Son dynamics, because the consequences of ‘living fast’ force a return to ancestral growth rates. Understanding the conditions under which environmental enrichment is expected to sustainably increase cell division rates is important in applications that require rapid cell division (e.g. biofuel reactors) or seek to avoid the emergence of rapid cell division rates (controlling biofouling).
Comprehensive characterization of ligand‐induced plasticity changes in a dimeric enzyme
Authors: Baettig Oliver M. , Shi Kun , Yachnin Brahm J. , Burk David L. , Berghuis Albert M. 
Published: June 2016

An enzyme's inherent structural plasticity is frequently associated with substrate binding, yet detailed structural characterization of flexible proteins remains challenging. This study employs complementary biophysical methods to characterize the partially unfolded structure of substrate‐free AAC(6′)‐Ii, an N‐acetyltransferase of the GCN5‐related N‐acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily implicated in conferring broad‐spectrum aminoglycoside resistance on Enterococcus faecium. The X‐ray crystal structure of AAC(6′)‐Ii is analyzed to identify relative motions of the structural elements that constitute the dimeric enzyme. Comparison with the previously elucidated crystal structure of AAC(6′)‐Ii with acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) reveals conformational changes that occur upon substrate binding. Our understanding of the enzyme's structural plasticity is further refined with small‐angle X‐ray scattering and circular dichroism analyses, which together reveal how flexible structural elements impact dimerization and substrate binding. These results clarify the extent of unfolding that AAC(6′)‐Ii undergoes in the absence of AcCoA and provide a structural connection to previously observed allosteric cooperativity of this enzyme.DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB database under the accession number 5E96.
First documented pest outbreak of the herbivorous springtailSminthurus viridis(Collembola) in Europe
Authors: Crotty F. V. , Fychan R. , Benefer C. M. , Allen D. , Shaw P. , Marley C. L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSminthurus viridis(Collembola: Sminthuridae) is a native of grasslands across Europe and feeds preferentially on clover (Trifoliumspp.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa), although its abundance does not normally reach damaging pest levels (as occurs in Australasia). This research note describes the first quantitative assessment of a pest outbreak of this springtail in Europe, which occurred within an existing experiment investigating the effects of cultivation practices on forage establishment. Using sticky traps to assess the incidence ofS. viridis,we found a significant outbreak consisting of catches that were 10‐fold greater than background levels in nearby undamaged fields. Within the experimental area, lucerne established by direct drilling with herbicide had the highest incidence (105 (± 4·9) individuals per trap) compared to other treatments [79 (± 3·9)]. Results are discussed in terms of how cultivation practice may have imbalanced the ecosystem; for example, herbicide use may have diminished potential refugia for predators during forage establishment. This paper highlights the potential of a currently innocuous, widely established invertebrate to become present at damaging levels in agricultural crops.
Efficacy and safety of pegylated full‐length recombinant factor VIII with extended half‐life for perioperative haemostasis in haemophilia A patients
Authors: Brand B. , Gruppo R. , Wynn T. T. , Griskevicius L. , Lopez Fernandez M. F. , Chapman M. , Dvorak T. , Pavlova B. G. , Abbuehl B. E. 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionBAX 855 is a pegylated full‐length recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) with an extended half‐life, built on a licensed rFVIII (ADVATE®). BAX 855 demonstrated efficacy and safety in prophylaxis and the treatment of bleeding episodes in previously treated patients (PTPs) with severe haemophilia A.AimThis phase 3 surgery study evaluates the haemostatic efficacy and safety of BAX 855 for perioperative haemostasis in PTPs with severe haemophilia A undergoing surgery.MethodsElective procedures were prospectively classified as major or minor. The dose and frequency of BAX 855 administered perioperatively were to be guided by each patient's pharmacokinetic profile for major procedures or BAX 855 incremental recovery for minor procedures. Haemostatic efficacy was evaluated using a predefined scale. Blood loss was compared to the expected average and maximum blood loss predicted preoperatively.ResultsA total of 15 male patients (aged 19–52 years) underwent 15 procedures (11 major and four minor). The overall intra‐ and perioperative haemostatic efficacy of BAX 855 was ‘excellent’ in all 15 subjects (100%). Postoperatively, evaluated at postoperative Day 1, all treatments were ‘excellent’ except for one minor (dental) procedure which was rated ‘good’. No related adverse events, allergic reactions, thrombotic events, nor signs of immunogenicity in terms of induction of binding antibodies to FVIII, PEG or PEG‐VIII, or FVIII inhibitors were observed.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that BAX 855 is safe and haemostatically effective in patients with severe haemophilia A undergoing surgery.
Volkmann's ischemic contracture: An unusual complication of arterio‐venous fistula
Authors: Jaryal Ajay , Vikrant Sanjay , Thakur Preyander 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNative arterio‐venous fistulae (AVF) are vascular access of first choice for chronic hemodialysis. However, AVF are also associated with many adverse events like: primary or secondary failure, infection, lymphedema, stenosis, thrombosis, and ischemia of distal extremities. The most common ischemia related complications of AVF are: ischemic neuropathy and steal syndrome with its consequences like pain and peripheral necrosis. Ischemic muscle contracture is a rare complication of AVF. Herein, we are reporting a case of Volkmann's ischemic contracture developing after creation of brachiocephalic AVF.
“It is amazing how complete is the delusion that beauty is goodness”: expectancies associated with tween makeup ownership
Authors: Thyne Maree , Robertson Kirsten , Thomas Tabitha , Ingram Mikaela 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMarketing messages socialize individuals into believing that (amongst other practices) consuming cosmetics is the key to beauty and such messages are now being targeted directly to pre‐adolescents. Research shows marketing portrayals of beauty ideals are associated with body disillusionment; however, there is a lack of knowledge on how 'tweens’ enculturation of the necessity to consume beauty products influences their personal development and perspectives of others. The present study examines tweens perceptions of girls who own makeup; 111 girls between 6 and 12 years drew and described a child who owned makeup and a child who did not own makeup, resulting in 222 drawings. The drawings and descriptive words were coded inductively using emerging themes and differences between the two drawings were analysed using SPSS and chi‐square analysis. Findings revealed girls who owned makeup were perceived to be more attractive, happy, and popular than girls who did not wear makeup, however, they were also perceived to be “nastier” than girls who did not own makeup. The findings revealed tweens are enculturated into contemporary beauty ideals and hold strong stereotypes regarding owning makeup. Interpreted through the lens of sociocultural theory and the Halo Effect, findings are discussed in terms of how such ideals shape tweens expectations of others and ultimately may shape their own personal behaviour with regards to social interactions, roles and activities engaged in. We argue that the beauty ideal stereotypes associated with tween cosmetic ownership may be in reality, less than ideal.
Anti‐acetylcholinesterase, antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, antityrosinase and antixanthine oxidase activities of Moroccan propolis
Authors: El‐Guendouz Soukaina , Aazza Smail , Lyoussi Badiaâ , Antunes Maria D. , Faleiro Maria L. , Miguel Maria G. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBiological properties of Moroccan propolis have been scarcely studied. In the present work, the total phenols and flavonoids from 21 samples of propolis collected in different places of Morocco or 3 supplied in the market were determined, as well as the in vitro capacity for inhibiting the activities of acetylcholinesterase, α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, lipoxygenase, tyrosinase, xanthine oxidase and hyaluronidase. The results showed that samples 1 (region Fez‐Boulemane, Sefrou city) (IC50 = 0.065, 0.006, 0.020, 0.050, 0.014 mg mL−1) and 23 (marketed) (IC50 = 0.018, 0.002, 0.046, 0.037, 0.008 mg mL−1) had the best in vitro capacity for inhibiting the α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, lipoxygenase, tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase activities, respectively. A negative correlation between IC50 values and concentration of phenols, flavones and flavanones was found. These activities corresponded to the generally higher amounts of phenols and flavonoids. In the same region, propolis samples have dissimilar phenol content and enzyme inhibitory activities.
How do community pharmacists conceptualise and operationalise self-care support of long-term conditions (LTCs)? An English cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ogunbayo Oladapo J , Schafheutle Ellen I , Cutts Christopher , Noyce Peter R 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objectives
To explore community pharmacists' contributions to self-care support of long-term conditions by; investigating their conceptual understanding of self-care principles; identifying self-care support activities they considered important and their engagement in them; and examining barriers and enablers.

Methods
A questionnaire was developed using existing literature and qualitative interviews, piloted and distributed online to a random sample of 10 000 community pharmacists in England between August and November 2014. The questionnaire contained sections addressing the above objectives. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics; free text comments were analysed using content analysis.

Key findings
A total of 609 responses were received; 334 completed all sections of the survey. Responses to statements exploring conceptual understanding showed that respondents were more likely to agree with self-care principles about patients taking responsibility and being more actively involved in their health and care; they agreed less with self-care principles promoting patient autonomy and independence. Respondents considered medicines-related self-care support activities as a lead role for community pharmacy, which they said they engaged in regularly. Whilst many agreed that other self-care support activities such as supporting self-monitoring and collaborative care planning were important, they indicated only limited engagement. Respondents identified access to patient records and availability of private consultation rooms as their main barriers and enablers, respectively; working relationship with GPs and skill-mix in community pharmacy were viewed as both barriers and enablers.

Conclusions
Community pharmacists in this study conceptualised and operationalised self-care support of long-term conditions (LTCs) from a narrow, medicines-focussed perspective, rather than from a multifaceted, patient-focussed perspective. A concerted and coherent strategy that builds on the strengths, and tackles the identified barriers is needed if community pharmacy is to improve contributions to self-care support of LTCs.
Regulating for decent work experience: Meeting the challenge of the rise of the intern
Authors: OWENS Rosemary , STEWART Andrew 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn important (if under‐researched) feature of modern labour markets has been the growth of unpaid “internships” and other forms of “work experience”. These arrangements may reflect an understandable desire by jobseekers to gain a foothold in highly competitive job markets. But they can open up the possibility of exploitation, as businesses and non‐profit organizations replace what might previously have been paid entry‐level jobs, and may reduce social mobility. Reviewing the legal and policy responses of selected developed countries, the authors seek to lay the foundation for a more effective response to what has become a clear challenge to the objective of securing decent work.