bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of pigs kept under different sanitary conditions affected by protein intake and amino acid supplementation
Authors: van der Meer Y. , Lammers A. , Jansman A. J. M. , Rijnen M. M. J. A. , Hendriks W. H. , Gerrits W. J. J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThere is growing evidence that requirements for particular AA increase when pigs are kept under low sanitary conditions. The extent to which reduction in growth performance is related to these increased requirements is unclear. To evaluate this relationship, an experiment (2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement) was performed with 612 male pigs (9 per pen) kept under low sanitary conditions (LSC) or high sanitary conditions (HSC) and offered ad libitum access to either a normal CP concentration diet (NP; 17, 15, and 15% CP for the starter, grower, and finisher phase, respectively) or a low CP concentration diet (LP; 20% CP reduced relative to NP for each phase), each of which containing a basal AA profile (AA-B) or a supplemented AA profile (AA-S). The supplemented diet type contained 20% more Met, Thr, and Trp relative to Lys on an apparent ileal digestible basis compared with the basal diet type. Pigs were followed for a complete fattening period and slaughtered at a targeted pen weight of 110 kg. Haptoglobin concentrations in serum (0.92 g/L for LSC and 0.78 g/L for HSC) and IgG antibody titers against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (3.53 for LSC and 3.08 for HSC) collected in the starter, grower, and finisher phases and pleuritis scores at slaughter (0.51 for LSC and 0.20 for HSC) were greater for LSC pigs compared with HSC pigs (P ≤ 0.01), illustrating that sanitary conditions affected health conditions. The ADG and G:F were greater for HSC pigs compared with LSC pigs (P ≤ 0.01). The number of white blood cells (WBC) was higher in (AA-S)–fed pigs compared with (AA-B)–fed pigs when kept at LSC but not at HSC [SS (sanitary conditions) × AA interaction, P = 0.04]. Pigs fed NP had a lower number of WBC compared with pigs fed LP (P = 0.02). The number of platelets in pigs fed AA-S diets was higher compared with pigs fed AA-B diets (P ≤ 0.01). A 20% reduction in dietary supplementation of Met, Thr, and Trp relative to Lys decreased G:F more in LSC pigs than in HSC pigs (interaction, P = 0.03), illustrating that dietary requirements for these AA differ depending on sanitary conditions. This study, performed under practical conditions, shows that AA requirements are dependent on sanitary conditions. Furthermore, supplementation of diets with particular AA may improve performance, especially under poor hygienic conditions. Dietary protein concentration as well as Met, Thr, and Trp supplementation can modify immune status, which may influence resistance to subclinical and clinical diseases.
A Note on Comparing Rate of Soil Moisture Loss for Conventional and Conservation Tillage Production methods for Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Hawkins G.L. , Kelton J. , Smith N. , Balkcom K. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Soil moisture retention is important for peanut production as well as water conservation in irrigated and non-irrigated fields. One way to increase soil moisture retention of the soil is by increasing soil organic matter. Research was conducted to determine if there is a difference in the rate of soil moisture loss in a field operated under a conservation production system (CPS) method and a conventionally tilled (CT) method, and if there was a time difference between needed wetting events. Experiments were conducted on two different fields with Tifton sandy loam soil. Soil moisture was monitored with Watermark sensors installed at 10, 20 and 30 cm depths. Data was analyzed to determine the rate of soil moisture loss when the soil was wet (below 50 kPa) and dry (above 80 kPa). The rate of soil moisture loss was not significant between CPS and CT when the soil was wet; however, there was a difference in the soil moisture loss rate when soils were dry. When dry, the CT soils lost moisture at a rate 2.5 times that of the CPS soils. This increased rate of loss indicates that water would need to be supplied to the CT soils every 1.5 d whereas the CPS soils would need water every 3.9 d. These results indicate that use of CPS increased the water holding capacity of soil, increased time required between wetting events, and can aid in the conservation of water resources in peanut production.
Quels mécanismes au cœur des organisations temporaires pulsatoires ?
Authors: Salaun Vincent , Fulconis François , Fabbe-Costes Nathalie 
Published: October 2016

Nombreuses sont encore les questions qui demeurent sur le fonctionnement des structures en réseau qualifiées de temporaires, constituées le temps d’un projet parfois récurrent. Par l’étude d’un festival musical, l’article révèle les mécanismes à l’œuvre dans de telles organisations qui reposent toutes sur une logique de coopération. À partir d’une grille d’analyse élaborée autour du concept d’organisation temporaire pulsatoire (OTP), quatre mécanismes sont mis en exergue : coordination logistique, anticipation, construction modulaire et capitalisation de l’expérience (ou LAME).
Age‐dependent mycorrhizal specificity in an invasive orchid, Oeceoclades maculata
Authors: Bayman Paul , Mosquera‐Espinosa Ana T. , Saladini‐Aponte Carla M. , Hurtado‐Guevara Nilbeth C. , Viera‐Ruiz Naida L. 
Published: October 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Oeceoclades maculata is a naturalized, invasive, terrestrial orchid in Puerto Rico and elsewhere in the neotropics. We asked whether its success might be partly explained by its mycorrhizal associations, hypothesizing a relationship with many fungal partners or with one widely distributed partner.METHODS:Oeceoclades maculata roots were collected throughout Puerto Rico, and the degree of mycorrhizal colonization was measured. For identification of fungi, the ITS region was sequenced from pure cultures and directly from roots. Representative fungi were used for symbiotic seed germination experiments.KEY RESULTS:Colonization of O. maculata roots was very variable. The most common fungus identified by BLAST searches was Psathyrella cf. candolleana, but typical orchid mycorrhizal fungi (Ceratobasidium and Tulasnella) were also found, as were a range of saprotrophs. Seeds germinated in vitro only in the presence of Psathyrella.CONCLUSIONS:These results are surprising in two respects. First, O. maculata appears to be highly specific for fungi during seed germination, but unusually promiscuous as adult plants. Second, mycorrhizal associations with Psathyrella and with other saprotrophic fungi have been previously reported, but only from mycoheterotrophic (i.e., nonphotosynthetic) orchids, not from green orchids like Oeceoclades. This combination may partly explain the success of Oeceoclades.
THE MID-INFRARED LUMINOSITY EVOLUTION AND LUMINOSITY FUNCTION OF QUASARS WITH WISE AND SDSS
Authors: Singal J. , George J. , Gerber A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We determine the 22 μm luminosity evolution and luminosity function for quasars from a data set of over 20,000 objects obtained by combining flux-limited Sloan Digital Sky Survey optical and Wide field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-infrared data. We apply methods developed in previous works to access the intrinsic population distributions non-parametrically, taking into account the truncations and correlations inherent in the data. We find that the population of quasars exhibits positive luminosity evolution with redshift in the mid-infrared, but with considerably less mid-infrared evolution than in the optical or radio bands. With the luminosity evolutions accounted for, we determine the density evolution and local mid-infrared luminosity function. The latter displays a sharp flattening at local luminosities below

∼

10

31

erg s−1 Hz−1, which has been reported previously at 15 μm for AGN classified as both type 1 and type 2. We calculate the integrated total emission from quasars at 22 μm and find it to be a small fraction of both the cosmic infrared background light and the integrated emission from all sources at this wavelength.
A UNIFIED MODEL FOR GRB PROMPT EMISSION FROM OPTICAL TO γ-RAYS; EXPLORING GRBs AS STANDARD CANDLES
Authors: Guiriec S. , Kouveliotou C. , Hartmann D. H. , Granot J. , Asano K. , Mészáros P. , Gill R. , Gehrels N. , McEnery J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The origin of prompt emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) remains to be an open question. Correlated prompt optical and γ-ray emission observed in a handful of GRBs strongly suggests a common emission region, but failure to adequately fit the broadband GRB spectrum prompted the hypothesis of different emission mechanisms for the low- and high-energy radiations. We demonstrate that our multi-component model for GRB γ-ray prompt emission provides an excellent fit to GRB 110205A from optical to γ-ray energies. Our results show that the optical and highest γ-ray emissions have the same spatial and spectral origin, which is different from the bulk of the X- and softest γ-ray radiation. Finally, our accurate redshift estimate for GRB 110205A demonstrates promise for using GRBs as cosmological standard candles.
Digging for historical data on the occurrence of benthic macrofaunal species in the southeastern Mediterranean
Authors: Tsikopoulou Irini , Legaki Aglaia , Dimitriou Panagiotis , Avramidou Evangelia , Bailly Nicolas , Nikolopoulou Stamatina 
Published: October 2016

The benthic macrofaunal biodiversity of the southeastern Mediterranean is considerably understudied compared to other Mediterranean regions. Monitoring biodiversity in this area is crucial as this region is particularly susceptible to biological invasions and temperature alteration. Historical biodiversity data could provide a useful baseline for monitoring potential changes and provide informarion to support a better understanding of the possible effects of anthropogenic activities on marine benthic communities.
In this study, performed under the LifeWatchGreece Research Infrastructure, we present historical benthic occurrence data obtained from the sampling expedition carried out in 1933 by Adolf Steuer in the coastal area around Alexandria, Egypt, eastern Mediterranean. The occurrences were geo-referenced to more than 170 stations, mostly located in the area of Alexandria, and the nearby coasts and lakes. All records were digitized and species names were cross-checked and taxonomically updated using the World Register of Marine Species. The outcome clearly shows that such initiatives can reveal an unexpected amount of highly valuable biodiversity information for “data-poor” regions.
Macrofaunal assemblages associated with the sponge Sarcotragus foetidus Schmidt, 1862 (Porifera: Demospongiae) at the coasts of Cyprus and Greece
Authors: Pavloudi Christina , Christodoulou Magdalini , Mavidis Michalis 
Published: October 2016

This paper describes a dataset of macrofaunal organisms associated with the sponge Sarcotragus foetidus Schmidt, 1862, collected by scuba diving from two sampling sites: one in Greece (North Aegean Sea) and one in Cyprus (Levantine Sea).
This dataset includes macrofaunal taxa inhabiting the demosponge Sarcotragus foetidus and contributes to the ongoing efforts of the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) which aims at filling the gaps in our current knowledge of the world's oceans. This is the first paper, to our knowledge, where the macrofauna associated with S. foetidus from the Levantine Basin is being recorded.
In total, 90 taxa were recorded, from which 83 were identified to the species level. Eight of these species are new records for the Levantine Basin. The dataset contains 213 occurrence records, fully annotated with all required metadata.
It is accessible at http://lifewww-00.her.hcmr.gr:8080/medobis/resource.do?r=organismic_assemblages_sarcotragus_foetidus_cyprus_greece
Quand banditisme rime avec capitalisme
Authors: Ploquin Frédéric 
Published: October 2016

La spéculation financière menace-t-elle de mettre le feu à la planète ? Les économies émergentes cassent-elles les prix ? Les barons du capitalisme ne pensent-ils qu’à leurs salaires, avantages et parachutes dorés ? Transposez tout cela dans le monde de la criminalité organisée et vous verrez que les voyous ne sont pas forcément mauvais dans ce genre d’exercice. Démonstration par le menu.
Vers une stratégie de sécurité extérieure de l’Union européenne
Authors: Leray René 
Published: October 2016

La question de « la stratégie de sécurité extérieure de l’Union européenne » nécessite dans un premier temps d’être clairement expliquée, d’un point de vue conceptuel, avant d’ensuite amener à poser le problème des obstacles et limites rencontrés à sa mise en place. Il faudra alors s’intéresser au concept de « triangle magique » pour enfin étudier les traités en vigueur et les pratiques existantes quant à la sécurité extérieure. Il s’avère que si l’on peut saluer de nombreuses initiatives, les progrès en cours et à venir dans le domaine de la sécurité intérieure démontreront les déficiences de l’organisation institutionnelle actuelle en matière de sécurité extérieure.
Effects of crowding on larval diapause and adult body size in Monochamus alternatus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Togashi Katsumi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTo determine the effect of larval crowding on induction of diapause in Monochamus alternatus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), newly hatched larvae were inoculated singly (density 1) or in pairs (density 2) on Pinus thunbergii Parlatore (Pinaceae) bolts and reared at 25 °C and 16 light:8 dark hour photoperiod. Adults emerged at density 1 and 2 between 75 and 139 days after the inoculation. About 150 days after larval inoculation, dissection of pine bolts indicated the incidence of larval diapause was greater at density 1 (0.536) than at density 2 (0.222), indicating inversely density-dependent induction of diapause. For both larval densities, the probability of entering diapause increased as bark surface area per larva (a proxy for per capita amount of food available) increased, showing that diapause induction can be explained by the amount of food available per larva. Adults that emerged at density 1 were heavier than those at density 2. When diapause and nondiapause insects occurred in the same pine bolts, six heavy adults had experienced diapause whereas three heavy adults had not, indicating that bark surface area affected the induction of diapause indirectly through larval interaction. The relationship between two different manners of density-dependent diapause induction and food supply is discussed.
Polymicrobial Sepsis Diminishes Dendritic Cell Numbers and Function Directly Contributing to Impaired Primary CD8 T Cell Responses In Vivo
Authors: Strother Robert K. , Danahy Derek B. , Kotov Dmitri I. , Kucaba Tamara A. , Zacharias Zeb R. , Griffith Thomas S. , Legge Kevin L. , Badovinac Vladimir P. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Patients surviving acute stages of sepsis often display impaired adaptive-immune responses. Using the cecal ligation and puncture model, we demonstrated that sepsis leads to substantial and long-lasting changes in the naive CD8 T cell repertoire, affecting the capacity of the host to respond to new infections. However, the identity of CD8 T cell–extrinsic factor(s) and mechanism(s) that contribute to impaired CD8 T cell responses after sepsis is unknown. Priming of naive CD8 T cells is critically dependent on the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to provide Ag, costimulation, and inflammatory signal 3 cytokines; therefore, the sepsis-induced changes in the DC compartment might represent a contributing factor leading to diminished CD8 T cell immunity in septic hosts. In a direct test of this hypothesis, we show that, in addition to numerical decline, sepsis leads to functional impairments in DCs, diminishing their capacity to produce cytokines upon TLR stimulation in vitro or postinfection in vivo. Importantly, we demonstrated a direct link between DC dysfunction and impairments in CD8 T cell immunity after sepsis by directly targeting Ag to DCs. Finally, postsepsis Flt3 ligand treatment increased the number of DCs and improved DC function, including the ability to sense inflammation and produce IL-12, leading to improved primary CD8 T cell responses to newly encountered Ags. Thus, sepsis-induced numerical and functional loss of DCs contributes to the observed defects in CD8 T cell immunity, and therapeutic approaches designed to improve the status of the DC compartment after sepsis might facilitate the recovery of CD8 T cell immunity.
From Introduction to Integration: Providing Community-Engaged Structure for Interprofessional Education
Authors: Griffin Daniel P. , Matte Marie C. , Clements John M. , Palmer Elizabeth A. , Bahlke Laurie A. , Rose Jessica J. Gardon , Salvati Lisa A. 
Published: October 2016

Background Training future healthcare profession students using interprofessional education (IPE) is critical to improve quality of health care and patient safety. Objective The objective of this study was to implement an IPE program and determine student satisfaction with each session, including a clinical case requiring teams with members from each profession addressing clinical scenarios. Subjects The subjects of this study were students from Athletic Training, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Physical Therapy, Physician Assistant, Social Work, and Speech-Language Pathology. Methods Evaluations, administered to all participating students, consisted of Likert-style responses, rating agreement with a series of questions, and space for descriptive comments. Score differences for each question were compared using independent group t-tests with a P-value of 0.05 to determine statistical significance. Results There were statistically higher satisfaction ratings for the problem-based learning case when compared to less interactive sessions ( P < 0.0001). Conclusion Students perceived benefits of the IPE program. Perceptions improved when various students had the opportunity to work together on clinically relevant problems.
La muralla de Nueva York
Authors: Duran Fernandez Jose 
Published: October 2016

The urban history of New York City, its birth and decline, is linked with one basic element: water. Water was the reason for its foundation and it could be the cause of its disappearance… Water is fundamental to the urban life of this city; it is the element that has fed its growth during its four hundred year existence. Only for this reason does it deserve the upmost attention and an exhaustive study. Water as a limit, wall or barrier, or as an extreme place of opportunity, it is without a doubt a place where the urban future of New York City rests. Although it deals with an uncertain and dystopian future if the forecast of the increase in ocean levels (as a consequence of climate change) holds true. The article is an abridgment of nine short texts and an epilogue, together with their respective ten graphic documents that make up the body of this research. As a result, the reader faces a graphic essay formed by small chapters that will guide them through the romance between New York and water, from its origins to the present day.
Evaluation of Gingival Health Status among 6- and 12-years-old Children in Dhamar City, Yemen: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Amran Abdullah G , Al-Rafik Noor Al-Huda M 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Epidemiological data on gingivitis in children are important for understanding the natural course of the disease, identifying its risk factors, and predicting its time trends. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of gingivitis among 6- and 12-year-old school children in Dhamar city, Yemen.

Materials and methods
A total of 663 children (310 children of 6 years old and 353 children of 12 years old) were examined from 10 public primary schools. Gingival health status was assessed using the plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI), and gingival index (GI) on the six Ramfjord teeth. The latter index was used to categorize gingivitis severity at the subject level. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-squared test, and Spearman's correlation. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
Both age groups had high mean of PI and GI with nonsignificant difference. The 12-year-old children had calculus deposits much higher than the 6-year-old group with significant difference. There was a significant correlation between age and gender of the whole sample with CI [(odds ratio, OR = 1.65, p = 0.003) and (OR = 0.74, p = 0.05) respectively]. Most of the participants presented with gingival inflammation, which was less in 12-year-old females.

Conclusion
Poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis were highly prevalent among Yemeni school children.

Clinical significance
The early assessment and intervention of gingivitis and periodontitis will minimize the chance of tooth loss. It has been reported that marginal gingivitis begins early in childhood, increases in prevalence and severity at puberty, and then subsides slightly to the remainder of the second decade of life.

How to cite this article
Amran AG, Alhajj MN, Al-Rafik NA-HM. Evaluation of Gingival Health Status among 6- and 12-years-old Children in Dhamar City, Yemen: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):440-444.
An Evaluation of GuttaFlow2 in Filling Artificial Internal Resorption Cavities: An in vitro Study
Authors: Hajeer Mohammad Y , Mohammad Yara , Alafif Hisham , Yassin Oula 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Obturation of root canal with internal resorption represents a major challenge in Endodontics. In spite of that, usual obturation techniques are often employed without considering the best technique to solve this problem. The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of GuttaFlow2 in filling artificial internal resorption cavities.

Materials and methods
The study sample included 36 human upper central incisors that were prepared using Protaper system (F4). Internal resorption cavities were prepared by cutting each tooth at 7 mm from the apex and preparing hemispherical cavities on both the sides and then re-attaching them. The sample was randomly separated into three groups (n = 12 in each group). In the first group, thermal injection technique (Obtura II) was employed and served as the control group. In the second group, injection of cold free-flow obturation technique with a master cone (GF2-C) was employed, whereas in the third group injection of cold free-flow obturation without a master cone (GF2) was followed. The teeth were re-cut at the same level as before and examined under a stereomicroscope. Subsequently, the captured images were transferred to AutoCAD program to measure the percentage of total filling “TF,” gutta-percha “G,” sealer “S,” and voids “V” out of the total surface of the cross sections.

Results
All materials showed high filling properties in terms of “total filling,” ranging from 99.17% (for Obtura II) to 99.72% (for GF2-C). Regarding gutta-percha percentages of filling, they ranged from 83.15 to 83.93%, whereas those for the sealer ranged from 5.71 to 15.24%. GuttaFlow2 group with a master cone appeared to give the best results despite the insignificant differences among the three groups.

Conclusion
The GuttaFlow2 with a master cone technique seemed to be a promising filling material and gave results similar to those observed with Obtura II. It is recommended for use to obturate internal resorption cavities in clinical practice due to its good adaptability to root canal walls, ease of handling, and application.

Clinical significance
Internal resorption defects can be successfully filled with GuttaFlow2 material when supplemented with a master cone, and the results are comparable with those obtained with the Obtura II technique.

How to cite this article
Mohammad Y, Alafif H, Hajeer MY, Yassin O. An Evaluation of GuttaFlow2 in Filling Artificial Internal Resorption Cavities: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):445-450.