bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transferring intermediate technologies to rural enterprises in developing economies: a conceptual framework
Authors: Sánchez Preciado Deycy Janeth , Claes Björn , Theodorakopoulos Nicholas 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper integrates the contributions from different branches of the technology transfer literature to identify enablers driving the transfer of intermediate or appropriate technologies to recipients in rural areas of developing economies. An in-depth analysis of the literature shows that many enablers identified in the literature focus on high technology transfers and are of limited relevance in the context of rural enterprises. Other important enablers in this specific setting are ignored or insufficiently considered. This paper proposes a framework comprising a specific set of enablers that facilitates technology transfer in rural enterprises in developing regional economies.
The comparison between modeling of edge localized modes with a current relaxation model and experiment on EAST
Authors: Cai J Q , Liang Y , Pearson J , Zhang T , Zang Q , Wu M Q , Huang J 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The distinctions of edge localized mode (ELM) frequency distributions between moderate and high edge current density cases were observed on the experiment advanced superconducting tokamak. In this paper, a current relaxation model is applied to explain this new observation. It has been demonstrated that the ELM frequency is very sensitive to the edge current density and the edge safety factor by the model predictions. The results also show that, in the large edge current density case, the ELM frequency is subject to a single-peak distribution; while in the moderate edge current density case, the ELM frequency is subject to a roughly multi-peak distribution.
On patterns and re-use in bioinformatics databases
Authors: Bell Michael J , Lord Phillip 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Motivation
As the quantity of data being depositing into biological databases continues to increase, it becomes ever more vital to develop methods that enable us to understand this data and ensure that the knowledge is correct. It is widely-held that data percolates between different databases, which causes particular concerns for data correctness; if this percolation occurs, incorrect data in one database may eventually affect many others while, conversely, corrections in one database may fail to percolate to others. In this paper, we test this widely-held belief by directly looking for sentence reuse both within and between databases. Further, we investigate patterns of how sentences are reused over time. Finally, we consider the limitations of this form of analysis and the implications that this may have for bioinformatics database design.

Results
We show that reuse of annotation is common within many different databases, and that also there is a detectable level of reuse between databases. In addition, we show that there are patterns of reuse that have previously been shown to be associated with percolation errors.

Availability and implementation
Analytical software is available on request.
Accelerating high-dimensional clustering with lossless data reduction
Authors: Qaqish Bahjat F , O’Brien Jonathon J , Hibbard Jonathan C , Clowers Katie J 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Motivation
For cluster analysis, high-dimensional data are associated with instability, decreased classification accuracy and high-computational burden. The latter challenge can be eliminated as a serious concern. For applications where dimension reduction techniques are not implemented, we propose a temporary transformation which accelerates computations with no loss of information. The algorithm can be applied for any statistical procedure depending only on Euclidean distances and can be implemented sequentially to enable analyses of data that would otherwise exceed memory limitations.

Results
The method is easily implemented in common statistical software as a standard pre-processing step. The benefit of our algorithm grows with the dimensionality of the problem and the complexity of the analysis. Consequently, our simple algorithm not only decreases the computation time for routine analyses, it opens the door to performing calculations that may have otherwise been too burdensome to attempt.

Availability and implementation
R, Matlab and SAS/IML code for implementing lossless data reduction is freely available in the Appendix.
Reducing Surgical Infections and Implant Costs via a Novel Paradigm of Enhanced Physician Awareness
Authors: Agarwal Nitin , Agarwal Prateek , Querry Ashley , Mazurkiewicz Anna , Whiteside Brittany , Marroquin Oscar C , Koscumb Stephen F , Wecht Daniel A , Friedlander Robert M 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Studies have demonstrated that physicians are often unaware of prescription drug, laboratory, diagnostic, and surgical supply costs.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of increased physician awareness on infection incidence and surgical device cost containment.

METHODS
Within our institution, physicians were informed of individual, independently adjudicated, craniotomy and ventricular shunt infection incidence and rankings among peers, after which a protocol aimed at reducing skin bacterial burden was implemented for craniotomies. Physicians were also made aware of the costs for shunts and dural substitutes as well as available alternatives.

RESULTS
The combined craniotomy and ventricular shunt infection incidence significantly decreased by 37.5% from 3.2% over May 2011 to April 2015 (132 infections/4137 procedures) to 2.1% over May 2015 to April 2016 (26 infections/1250 procedures; P = .041). The average annual cost savings was $234 175 from preventing postoperative craniotomy infections and $121 125 from preventing postoperative ventricular shunt infections. Total supply costs of ventricular shunts significantly decreased by 26% from $2345 per procedure in fiscal year 2015 to $1747 per procedure in fiscal year 2016 (P < .001). Total supply cost of dural grafts significantly decreased by 54% from $191 per procedure in fiscal year 2015 to $88 per procedure in fiscal year 2016 (P < .001). In total, all initiatives in this study resulted in an estimated annual savings of $567 062.

CONCLUSION
Physician awareness of outcomes and costs resulted in increasing the quality of care, while at the same time reducing the cost.
Frontal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery in Childhood and Adolescence: Predictors of Long-Term Seizure Freedom, Overall Cognitive and Adaptive Functioning
Authors: Ramantani Georgia , Kadish Navah Ester , Mayer Hans , Anastasopoulos Constantin , Wagner Kathrin , Reuner Gitta , Strobl Karl , Schubert-Bast Susanne , Wiegand Gert , Brandt Armin , Korinthenberg Rudolf , Mader Irina , van Velthoven Vera , Zentner Josef , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Bast Thomas 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although frontal lobe resections account for one-third of intralobar resections in pediatric epilepsy surgery, there is a dearth of information regarding long-term seizure freedom, overall cognitive and adaptive functioning.

OBJECTIVE
To identify outcome predictors and define the appropriate timing for surgery.

METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the data of 75 consecutive patients aged 10.0 ± 4.9 yr at surgery that had an 8.1 yr mean follow-up.

RESULTS
Etiology comprised focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in 71% and benign tumors in 16% cases. All patients but one had a magnetic resonance imaging-visible lesion. At last follow-up, 63% patients remained seizure-free and 37% had discontinued antiepileptic drugs. Presurgical predictors of seizure freedom were a shorter epilepsy duration, strictly regional epileptic discharges in electroencephalography (EEG), and an epileptogenic zone and/or lesion distant from eloquent cortex. Postsurgical predictors were the completeness of resection and the lack of early postoperative seizures or epileptic discharges in EEG. Higher presurgical overall cognitive and adaptive functioning was related to later epilepsy onset and to a sublobar epileptogenic zone and/or lesion. Following surgery, scores remained stable in the majority of patients. Postsurgical gains were determined by higher presurgical performance and tumors vs FCD.

CONCLUSION
Our findings highlight the favorable long-term outcomes following frontal lobe epilepsy surgery in childhood and adolescence and underline the importance of early surgical intervention in selected candidates. Early postsurgical relapses and epileptic discharges in EEG constitute key markers of treatment failure and should prompt timely reevaluation. Postsurgical overall cognitive and adaptive functioning is stable in most patients, whereas those with benign tumors have higher chances of improvement.
“Tweak Your Order Set!” Implementation of Modified Laboratory Order Set Improves Hepatitis C Virus Screening Rates in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Wurcel Alysse G. , Chen Daniel D. , Chui Kenneth K. H. , Knox Tamsin A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
There are several barriers to annual hepatitis C virus antibody (HCVAb) testing, including lack of provider knowledge of the changing HCV epidemic and provider underestimation of a patient’s risk. We identified low rates of testing for HCVAb in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in our outpatient HIV Infectious Diseases clinic, and we developed a quality improvement project to increase rates of HCVAb screening.
Refractory T-Cell Anergy and Rapidly Fatal Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy After Prolonged CTLA4 Therapy
Authors: Dekeyser Manon , de Goër de Herve Marie-Ghislaine , Hendel-Chavez Houria , Labeyrie Céline , Adams David , Nasser Ghaïdaa Adebs , Gasnault Jacques , Durrbach Antoine , Taoufik Yassine 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a deadly demyelinating disease due to central nervous system replication of the human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV) in immunosuppressed patients. The only effective therapeutic approach is to restore anti-JCV T-cell responses. In this study, we describe a case of rapidly fatal PML with JCV T-cell anergy in a renal transplant patient treated with CTLA4-Ig (belatacept, a CD28-B7 costimulation blocker and T-cell anergy inducer). T-cell anergy could not be reversed despite several therapeutic approaches. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy secondary to biotherapy-induced T-cell anergy may thus represent a subset of PML with major resistance to anti-JCV immune recovery.
The Transcondylar Approach to Access Symptomatic Arachnoid Cysts of the Hypoglossal Canal
Authors: Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Bal Christina , Neidert Marian Christoph , Bozinov Oliver 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
A direct transcondylar approach to treat symptomatic arachnoid cysts of the hypoglossal canal has not yet been described in the literature.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Here, we present a skull base approach in 2 female patients (68 and 38 yr) with progressive dysphagia, dysarthria, half-sided weakness, and atrophy of the tongue due to an arachnoid cyst of the hypoglossal canal. After patient informed consent, both patients were successfully operated on without complications using a transcondylar approach, and their symptoms improved 3 mo after surgery; in both patients, resection of the cyst was confirmed using magnetic resonance imaging. Review of the literature revealed 4 surgically treated cases of hypoglossal cysts operated on through a paramedian suboccipital craniotomy from a medial to lateral surgical corridor.

CONCLUSION
This is the first description of the transcondylar surgical approach to safely operate on symptomatic arachnoid cysts located in the hypoglossal canal. The isolated transcondylar approach is useful in selective cases when the pathology is located within the hypoglossal canal only and the skull base anatomy allows a direct approach.
Genetic advances in systemic lupus erythematosus: an update
Authors: Chen Lingyan , Morris David L. , Vyse Timothy J. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of reviewMore than 80 susceptibility loci are now reported to show robust genetic association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The differential functional effects of the risk alleles for the majority of these loci remain to be defined. Here, we review current SLE association findings and the recent progress in the annotation of noncoding regions of the human genome as well as the new technologies and statistical methods that can be applied to further the understanding of SLE genetics.Recent findingsGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have markedly expanded the catalogue of genetic signals contributing to SLE development; we can now explain more than 50% of the disease's heritability. Expression quantitative trait loci mapping with colocalization analysis of GWAS results help to identify the underlying causal genes. The Encyclopedia of DNA elements, Roadmap Epigenome, and the Blueprint Epigenome projects have jointly annotated more than 80% of the noncoding genome, providing a wealth of information (from healthy individuals) to define the functional elements within the risk loci. Technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, chromatin structure determination, and genome editing, will help elucidate the actual mechanisms that underpin SLE risk alleles.SummaryGene expression and epigenetic databases provide a valuable resource to interpret genetic association in SLE. Expansion of such resources to include disease status and multiple ancestries will further aid the exploration of the biology underlying the genetics.
Advances in management of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Allaire Manon , Nault Jean-Charles 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of death by cancer worldwide due to a dismal prognosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the main advances in the pathophysiology and management of HCC.

Recent findings
Genomic analysis has recently delineated the key signaling pathways aberrantly deregulated in HCC (telomere maintenance, cell cycle gene, Wnt/β-catenin, epigenetic modifier, oxidative stress etc.). Major advances in the clinical care of patients with HCC are helping to refine the diagnosis algorithm and tumor staging. Extension of criteria for liver transplantation, but also for liver resection and percutaneous ablation, aims to increase the number of patients being treated in a curative attempt. Moreover, radioembolization is a competitor for transarterial chemoembolization in Barcelona clinic liver cancer B patients, and sorafenib in Barcelona clinic liver cancer C with tumor portal thrombosis. In advanced HCC, sorafenib is the standard of first-line care and regorafenib as a second line.

Summary
New concepts on liver resection, percutaneous ablation or liver transplantation aim to extend the numbers of patients treated for HCC in curative attempts. Moreover, immunotherapy (anti death protein 1) and biotherapy adapted to tumor biology seem promising and are currently being tested in advanced stages.
The Influence of Maternal Pragmatics on the Language Skills of Children with Autism
Authors: Stern Yael S. , Maltman Nell , Roberts Megan Y. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
This study examined the relationship between mothers' pragmatics and child language in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and non-ASD language delay (LD) mother-child dyads.

Methods:
Participants consisted of 20 dyads of mothers and their toddlers aged 24 to 48 months, with ASD (n = 10) or non-ASD LD (n = 10). Groups were matched on child chronological age, language, and cognition. Maternal pragmatic language was qualified based on the degree of pragmatic violations during a semistructured interview, and was examined in relation to both child language, as measured by the Preschool Language Scale-4 and maternal use of language facilitation strategies during play.

Results:
Lower rates of maternal pragmatic violations were associated with higher expressive language scores in children with ASD, and with higher receptive language scores for children with non-ASD LD. Within ASD dyads, maternal pragmatic violations were negatively related to mothers' use of linguistic expansions.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that parental pragmatics likely contribute to early language learning, and that the effects of maternal pragmatics on early language in ASD may be indirect (e.g., through parents' use of facilitative strategies). Parent-mediated language interventions for ASD should therefore consider parent pragmatics, especially given that pragmatic differences have been identified in unaffected family members of individuals with ASD.
Validity, cut-points, and minimally important differences for two hot flash-related daily interference scales
Authors: Carpenter Janet S. , Bakoyannis Giorgos , Otte Julie L. , Chen Chen X. , Rand Kevin L. , Woods Nancy , Newton Katherine , Joffe Hadine , Manson JoAnn E. , Freeman Ellen W. , Guthrie Katherine A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Objectives:
To conduct psychometric analyses to condense the Hot Flash-Related Daily Interference Scale (HFRDIS) into a shorter form termed the Hot Flash Interference (HFI) scale; evaluate cut-points for both scales; and establish minimally important differences (MIDs) for both scales.

Methods:
We analyzed baseline and postrandomization patient-reported data pooled across three randomized trials aimed at reducing vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in 899 midlife women. Trials were conducted across five MsFLASH clinical sites between July 2009 and October 2012. We eliminated HFRDIS items based on experts’ content validity ratings and confirmatory factor analysis, and evaluated cut-points and established MIDs by mapping HFRDIS and HFI to other measures.

Results:
The three-item HFI (interference with sleep, mood, and concentration) demonstrated strong internal consistency (alphas of 0.830 and 0.856), showed good fit to the unidimensional “hot flash interference factor,” and strong convergent validity with HFRDIS scores, diary VMS, and menopausal quality of life. For both scales, cut-points of mild (0-3.9), moderate (4-6.9), and severe (7-10) interference were associated with increasing diary VMS ratings, sleep, and anxiety. The average MID was 1.66 for the HFRDIS and 2.34 for the HFI.

Conclusions:
The HFI is a brief assessment of VMS interference and will be useful in busy clinics to standardize VMS assessment or in research studies where response burden may be an issue. The scale cut-points and MIDs should prove useful in targeting those most in need of treatment, monitoring treatment response, and interpreting existing and future research findings.
Ospemifene's effects on lipids and coagulation factors: a post hoc analysis of phase 2 and 3 clinical trial data
Authors: Archer David F. , Altomare Corrado , Jiang Wei , Cort Susannah 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of ospemifene 60 mg on the lipid and coagulation parameters of postmenopausal women using data from five phase 2 and 3 clinical trials.

Methods:
Data for lipids and coagulation factors for 2,166 postmenopausal women were pooled from five randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Lipid and coagulation parameters included in this analysis were total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, antithrombin antigen, protein C Ag, and protein S Ag free.

Results:
Mean percent changes in HDL and LDL were significantly greater with ospemifene versus placebo at month 3 (HDL: 4.4% vs 0.2%; LDL: −5.2% vs 2.4%), month 6 (HDL: 5.1% vs 1.5%; LDL: −6.7% vs 2.4%), and month 12 (HDL: 2.3% vs −1.9%; LDL: −7.0% vs −2.1%; P < 0.05, for all comparisons). Ospemifene significantly reduced total cholesterol at 6 months (−1.8% vs 1.6%; P = 0.0345 versus placebo), and changes in triglycerides with ospemifene were similar to placebo at all three time points. In subgroup analyses based on age, body mass index, and baseline triglyceride level, ospemifene increased HDL and decreased LDL, but had no significant effect on total cholesterol and triglycerides relative to placebo. Ospemifene significantly improved fibrinogen and protein C antigen levels relative to placebo at months 3 (−8.7% vs −0.8% and −2.7% vs 0.5%, respectively), 6 (−6.0% vs 6.7% and −3.6 vs 8.0%), and 12 (−8.7% vs 7.3% and −4.5% vs 6.6%; P < 0.01, for all). The levels of all coagulation factors remained within the normal range throughout the studies.

Conclusion:
Ospemifene 60 mg does not have a detrimental effect on lipid and coagulation parameters of postmenopausal women with up to 12 months of use.
Trends in governance structure and activities among not-for-profit U.S. hospitals: 2009–2015
Authors: Mazurenko Olena , Collum Taleah , Menachemi Nir 
Published: May 2017

Background:
In U.S. hospitals, boards of directors (BODs) have numerous governance responsibilities including overseeing hospital activities and guiding strategic decisions. BODs can help hospitals adapt to changes in their markets including those stemming from a shift from fee-for-service to value-based purchasing. The recent increase in market turbulence for hospitals has brought renewed attention to the work of BODs.

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to examine trends in hospital BOD structure and activities and determine whether these changes are commensurate with approaches designed to respond to market pressures.

Methodology/Approach:
We examined hospital level data from The Governance Institute Survey (2009, 2011, 2013, and 2015) and corresponding years of the American Hospital Association Annual Survey in a pooled, cross-sectional design. We conducted individual multivariate models with adjustments for hospital and market characteristics, comparing the changes in BOD structures, demographics, and activities over time.

Findings:
The sample included 1,811 hospital-year observations, including 682 unique facilities. We found that BODs in 2015 had less internal management (β = −2.25, p < .001) and fewer employed and nonemployed physicians (β = −8.28, p < .001) involved on the BOD. Moreover, compared to 2009, racial and ethnic minorities (2013 β = 2.88, p < .001) and women (2013 β = 1.60, p = .045; 2015 β = 2.06, p = .049) on BODs increased over time. In addition, BODs were significantly less likely to spend time on the following activities in 2015, as compared to 2009: discussing strategy and setting policy (β = −5.46, p = .002); receiving reports from management, board committees, and subsidiaries (β = −29.04, p < .001); and educating board members (β = −4.21, p < .001). Finally, BODs had no changes in the type of committees reported over time.

Practice Implications:
Our results indicate that hospital BODs deploy various strategies to adapt to current market trends. Hospital decision-makers should be aware of the potential effects of board structure on organization’s position in the changing health care market.