bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
River restoration can increase carbon storage but is not yet a suitable basis for carbon credits
Authors: Lininger Katherine B , Lave Rebecca 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Increasing organic carbon storage in river corridors (channels and floodplains) is a potential cobenefit of some river restoration approaches, raising the possibility of using restoration to produce carbon credits and, therefore, increase restoration funding. However, the uncertainty already associated with existing carbon credits is compounded in river corridors, which are dynamic on daily, seasonal, annual, and longer timescales. We currently do not know how much river restoration approaches could increase carbon storage or how significant increased organic carbon storage from restoration would be compared with other forms of climate mitigation. We also do not know whether river corridor carbon credits could meet market needs for quickly established, stable, and simple credits. Therefore, we argue that biophysical and political economic uncertainties make river corridor restoration carbon credits currently unfeasible but that research on river restoration projects would demonstrate whether restoration carbon credits could be feasible in the future.
Dynamic and concordance-assisted learning for risk stratification with application to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Li Wen , Li Ruosha , Feng Ziding , Ning Jing ,   For the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dynamic prediction models capable of retaining accuracy by evolving over time could play a significant role for monitoring disease progression in clinical practice. In biomedical studies with long-term follow up, participants are often monitored through periodic clinical visits with repeat measurements until an occurrence of the event of interest (e.g. disease onset) or the study end. Acknowledging the dynamic nature of disease risk and clinical information contained in the longitudinal markers, we propose an innovative concordance-assisted learning algorithm to derive a real-time risk stratification score. The proposed approach bypasses the need to fit regression models, such as joint models of the longitudinal markers and time-to-event outcome, and hence enjoys the desirable property of model robustness. Simulation studies confirmed that the proposed method has satisfactory performance in dynamically monitoring the risk of developing disease and differentiating high-risk and low-risk population over time. We apply the proposed method to the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data and develop a dynamic risk score of Alzheimer’s Disease for patients with mild cognitive impairment using multiple longitudinal markers and baseline prognostic factors.
Neph-ex: a 3D printed interventional radiology training tool for nephrostomy exchange
Authors: Ch’ng Li Shyan , Mahfudz Anis Shafina , Azman Hakimah , Zainal Alam Mohammad Mudzakir , Saib Ernisha , Rosaland Nor Syahirah , Ahmad Sabri Muhammad Izzat 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Fluoroscopic guided procedures are a mainstay for interventional radiology (IR) procedures. Practice is needed for the novice to interpret fluoroscopic images and simultaneously perform the procedure hands-on as well as control the foot pedal to screen. We describe the development of a training simulation model which simulates the human kidney, ureter, and bladder.

Methods
Stereolithography (SLA) 3D print technology using SLA resin and Anycubic SLA printer were employed. A plastic tubing was used to connect the 3D printed kidney and bladder as the ureter. This simulation model permits fluoroscopic guided filling of “pelvicalyceal system” with contrast as well as ureteric stenting, guidewire, and drainage catheter manipulation. Effectiveness of the model to attain skills for nephrostomy exchange and ureteric stenting was obtained via questionnaire from trainees prior to and after utilizing the model.

Results
The 3D printing simulation model of the kidney, ureter, and bladder system enables trainees to perform nephrostomy exchange, nephrostogram, and antegrade stenting. Participants felt more confident to perform the procedures as they were more familiar with the procedure. Besides that, participants felt their wire and catheter manipulation skills have improved after using the simulation model.

Conclusions
Neph-ex simulation model is safe and effective for hands-on training in improving proficiency of fluoroscopy-guided nephrostomy exchange and antegrade ureteric stenting.

Advances in knowledge
As of our knowledge, there are no commercially available simulation models for fluoroscopic guided nephrostomy exchange and ureteric stent deployment. No article on nephrostomy exchange simulation model has been published before.
Initial experience with the da Vinci single-port system in patients with an anterior mediastinal mass
Authors: Kim In Ha , Kim Yong-Hee , Yun Jae Kwang , Kim Hyeong Ryul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The da Vinci single-port system is a novel robotic system that has gained popularity and demonstrated favourable outcomes in various surgical fields. Nevertheless, its application in thoracic surgery is relatively rare. In this study, we report our initial experiences with the da Vinci single-port system via a subxiphoid approach in patients with an anterior mediastinal mass.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed patients with an anterior mediastinal mass who underwent surgery using the da Vinci single-port system via a subxiphoid approach between October 2020 and April 2024. Clinicopathological, intraoperative, and postoperative data were retrospectively collected.

RESULTS
A total of 14 patients were included in this study. The median age was 55 years (interquartile range 48–62 years), with 4 (28.6%) patients being male. All patients underwent complete resection without conversion to multiport or open surgery. The median operation time was 135 min (interquartile range 113–155 min). Nine (64.3%) patients were diagnosed with thymoma, and 2 (14.3%) patients had myasthenia gravis. The median pathologic size of the mass was 32.5 mm (interquartile range 25.3–38.0 mm), and the median peak Numerical Rating Scale score was 3 (interquartile range 2–4). The median duration of chest drainage and hospital stay were 2 (interquartile range 1–3) and 3 (interquartile range 2–3) days, respectively. No complications were reported following surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
The da Vinci single-port system for anterior mediastinal mass was deemed safe and feasible. To expand indications in thoracic surgery, further accumulation of experience and additional technological advancements are necessary.
Lully’s music in northern Europe: evidence of early circulation in Swedish libraries
Authors: Schildt Maria 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
At Jean-Baptiste Lully’s death in 1687, music from his stage works was already circulating within and outside France, and was used and praised by ‘all connoisseurs’ in Europe (according to Dutch music publisher Amédée Le Chevalier). This was at a point when many of Lully’s works were still not printed and the Parisian music dealers had not yet started their business with his music. Surviving manuscript sources from the dissemination of Lully’s music before his death are few and fragmentary and have sometimes survived at a geographical distance from Paris. This article investigates a handful of previously unconsidered music sources, copied or printed in France in the 1670s and early 1680s, which were acquired by various members of northern aristocratic families and have survived in Swedish libraries. Viewed as a whole, these seemingly disparate sources can throw light on the details of the early circulation of Lully’s music, as well as on musical practices of the elites in late 17th-century Europe.
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis NKU FB3-14 attenuates loperamide-induced constipation through regulation of gut microbiota
Authors: Fu Hanyue , Fan Dancai , Wang Jin , Kou Ruixin , Wang Yuanyifei , Wu Yuekun , Wang Shuo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal issue, and the efficacy of probiotics in alleviating constipation has been well proved. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis NKU FB3-14 on loperamide- induced constipation by focusing on improving intestinal barrier function and modulating gut microbiota composition

Materials and Methods
The constipated model mice induced by loperamide were treated with NKU FB3-14, and the laxative effect was assessed based on the fecal water content, first black stool time and gastrointestinal transit rate. Gastrointestinal regulatory peptides in serum, intestinal neurotransmitter and inflammatory cytokines in colon tissues were measured using ELISA kits. Changes of gut microbiota composition were analyzed through 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing identification. Additionally, HPLC detection was performed to quantify short chain fatty acids levels in feces

Results
Treatment with NKU FB3-14 led to increase the fecal water content, shorten the first black stool time and improve small intestine transit rate. Motilin and substance-P significantly decreased in the model group, and only motilin increased in FB3-14 group; somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide were decreased in model mice and both increased in FB3-14 group; 5-HT levels in the colon tissue were upregulated following NKU FB3-14 treatment. Histological examination revealed thinner colonic mucosa in the model group along with significant in TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17 levels form the colon tissues which were all relieved by NKU FB 3-14 treatment. Furthermore, NKU FB3-14 intervention resulted in reduced abundance of Desulfobacterota and Desulfovibrio while increasing the abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Eubacterium; higher level of butyric acid was observed in feces

Conclusions
In summary, our findings demonstrated that NKU FB3-14 treatment significantly enhanced the intestinal motility, regulated the expression levels of gastrointestinal regulatory peptides, prevented damage to colonic barriers as well as ameliorated gut microbiota imbalance associated with loperamide-induced constipation.
Caregiving-Related Characteristics and Dental Care Utilization in Informal Caregivers of Persons With Dementia: Is There a Gender Difference?
Authors: Mao Weiyu , Wu Bei , Zhang Fannie , Yang Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Dental care utilization is an important, yet understudied aspect of healthcare in informal caregivers of persons with dementia. This study examined how caregiving-related characteristics are associated with dental care utilization among U.S. informal caregivers of persons with dementia and further examined gender differences.

Research Design and Methods
Pooled data came from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022. A nationally representative sample of informal caregivers (n = 3,909) was included. Dental care utilization was “yes” versus “no” within the past year. Caregiving-related characteristics included caregiver role, intensity of care, duration of care, and type of care. Logistic regressions and subgroup analyses were conducted.

Results
In total sample, compared to adult child caregivers, spousal caregivers were 28% less likely to visit a dentist (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.56, 0.94). Caregivers who provided care for more than 20 hr per week were 18% less likely to visit a dentist (OR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.69, 0.98). In subgroup analyses, intensity of care was a barrier to dental care utilization for female caregivers (OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.62, 0.98), whereas caregiver role such as spousal caregiver (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.39, 0.89) or other relative caregiver (OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.50, 0.99) was a barrier to dental care utilization for male caregivers.

Discussion and Implications
The findings highlight the importance of caregiving-related characteristics in dental care utilization and suggest gender-tailored interventions.
An overset-grid finite-difference algorithm for seismic wavefield propagations modelling in the polar coordinate system with a complex free-surface topography
Authors: Qiu Hengkang , Sun Yao-Chong , Fang Changjiang , Zhang Wei , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: September 2024

Summary
Nowadays, finite-difference method has been widely applied to simulate seismic wavefield propagation in a local seismic model with a complex topography by utilizing curvilinear grids and traction image method in Cartesian coordinates system. For a global seismic model in polar coordinate system, it is still a challenge for the conventional finite-difference method to deal with the grid singularity at the center and the topographic free surface at the top. In this study, we develop a finite-difference method in polar coordinates for seismic wavefield propagation in the 2D global model. In the proposed finite-difference method, the overset-grid algorithm is used to handle the grid singularity at the center, and the curvilinear grid technique as well as the traction image method are applied to implement free-surface boundary condition on the complex topography. The proposed finite-difference method is validated in flat and topographic free-surface models by comparing synthetic waveforms with reference solutions. The seismic wavefield propagation in a realistic Mars profile is computed by the proposed finite-difference method. The proposed finite-difference method is an efficient and accurate method for seismic wave modeling in the polar coordinate system with a complex free-surface topography.
An updated terrestrial heat flow data set for the Junggar basin, northwest China: implications for geothermal resources
Authors: Zhang Chao , Wang Fei , Zhang Yidan , Lu Hui , Zhang Haozhu , Huang Ronghua , Liu Zepeng , Chen Junji 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARY
Terrestrial heat flow plays a vital role in determining the present thermal regimes of sedimentary basins, offering a robust foundation for understanding hydrocarbon maturation processes and the geothermal resource potential. The Junggar basin is one of the largest and most petroliferous superimposed petroleum basins in China. However, research on heat flow is scarce. In this study, 94 new high-quality heat flow values are derived from through borehole temperature analysis and thermal conductivity measurements of rocks. The results indicate that (1) the geothermal gradient in the basin varies from 11.4 to 28.3 °C km−1, with a mean value of 20.9 ± 3.4 °C km−1, and the heat flow varies from 23.4 to 64.5 mW m−2, with a mean value of 45.1 ± 8.4 mW m−2. The overall low geothermal gradient and heat flow are attributed to the continuous cooling during the Meso-Cenozoic. (2) At basin scale, the high heat flow values are primarily concentrated in areas characterized by basement uplift, whereas the low heat flow values are mainly located in the depressions. This suggests that thermal refraction is the primary factor influencing the heat flow variations. (3) Although large-scale development and utilization of geothermal resources face challenges, certain local areas in the basin show promise for geothermal resource utilization.
Cross-gradient joint inversion and clustering of ERT and SRT data on structured meshes incorporating topography
Authors: Penta de Peppo Guido , Cercato Michele , De Donno Giorgio 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARY
The combination of electrical resistivity and seismic refraction tomography is a common practice for the characterization of subsurface features. Presently, the cross-gradient inversion scheme stands out as one of the most robust joint approaches, and some authors modified it to manage complex topographies on unstructured meshes even if at the expense of introducing additional parameters in the inversion process. We propose in this work a cross-gradient algorithm for jointly inverting electrical and seismic tomographic data on structured meshes in cases with non-flat topography. The proposed approach preserves the benefit of the classical cross-gradient approach without the need to impose physical length scales, as for irregular meshes. The quality of the results is evaluated in comparison with independent inversion through a new standardized cross-gradient index and a fuzzy c-means analysis that provides an assessment of the reconstruction accuracy through the membership function. The proposed method was applied to both synthetic models and field-scale examples located in Central Italy, where an accurate geophysical reconstruction is needed for the rehabilitation of existing dams. For all cases, joint inversion yielded superior results compared to independent inversion, demonstrating better agreement with available borehole data. The effectiveness of the joint approach was also demonstrated by the post-inversion tools, where the new cross-gradient index highlighted changes in structural similarity whilst fuzzy c-means clustering allowed for a quantitative reconstruction (position and shape) of the main units at the sites, facilitating the detection of site layering modifications.
Unveiling complex fault geometry and driving mechanisms: insights from a refined data processing and multiplet analysis of the 2010 Beni-Ilmane seismic sequence (NE Algeria)
Authors: Tikhamarine El-Mahdi , Abacha Issam , Boulahia Oualid , Bendjama Hichem , Roubeche Khaled , Rahmani Sofiane Taki-Eddine 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARY
This paper offers a comprehensive re-analysis of the Beni-Ilmane 2010 seismic sequence, using a data set that is 100 per cent larger than previous studies. This unprecedented sequence in Algeria features three main shocks with magnitudes Mw 5.4, 5.1 and 5.1. Our approach involves high-precision relocation, which includes the development of a new 1-D minimum velocity model, followed by a double-difference (DD) procedure and hierarchical clustering. We determined the focal mechanisms (FMs) for 128 key events and identified 21 multiplet groups using an average cross-correlation threshold of 0.8. Our analysis offers new insights into fault geometry and addresses ongoing debates, by proposing a seismotectonic model that reveals the activation of 14 fault segments during the sequence, in contrast to previous oversimplified models that suggested two or three faults. The computed stress field from the inversion of 128 FMs aligns with a tectonic loading force due to the convergence of the African and Eurasian plates. These findings highlight the complexity of the fault network in the study area and shed light on the role of strike-slip faults in shaping the thrust belt. We found a strong link between multiplet groups and fluid movement along the fault network. Analysis of the temporal history of these multiplet groups provides new insights into fluid dynamics timescales, with an estimated hydraulic diffusivity (D) of 0.36 m2 s−1 suggesting a fluid pressure diffusion process. The observed expansion of the aftershock area with the logarithm of time and the existence of repeating earthquakes indicates, for the first time, an aseismic slip mechanism that adds an additional layer to the driven processes. In conclusion, our results suggest that the underlying mechanisms governing the BI-2010 seismic sequence involve a complex interplay of tectonic loading, coseismic stress transfer, fluid dynamics and aseismic slip transients. We attempt to correlate our findings with various studies linking the structure, mechanics and fluid flow properties of fault zones and fault systems. The activation of smaller fault segments potentially averted a larger quake, resulting in three moderate main shocks and numerous aftershocks. This work not only enrich our understanding of seismic phenomena but also provides useful insights for seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation strategies.
Competition policy and economics
Authors: Whish Richard , Bailey David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of competition policy, competition law and its economic context. Section 2 describes the practices that competition laws attempt to control in order to protect the competition process. Section 3 examines the theory of competition and gives an introductory account of why the effective enforcement of competition law is thought to be beneficial. Section 4 considers the goals of competition law. Section 5 introduces two key economic concepts, market definition and market power, that are important to a better understanding of competition policy. The chapter concludes with a table of market share figures that are significant in the application of EU and UK competition law, while reminding the reader that market shares are only ever a proxy for market power and can never be determinative of market power in themselves.
Competition Act 1998: substantive provisions
Authors: Whish Richard , Bailey David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the substantive provisions of the Competition Act 1998 in the UK. The foci of attention in this chapter are the ‘Chapter I prohibition’, which prohibits anti-competitive agreements, and the ‘Chapter II prohibition’, which prohibits the abuse of a dominant position. The Chapter I and II prohibitions are closely modelled upon Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, although they are by no means identical in every respect. Section 2 provides an overview of the Competition Act. Sections 3 and 4 consider the decisional practice and case-law under the Chapter I and Chapter II prohibitions. Section 5 discusses the duty in section 60A of the Competition Act, which sets out certain relevant principles when applying the Competition Act. Section 6 contains a table of Competition Act decisions since the tenth edition of the book in January 2021, and discusses the Competition Act in practice.
Alzheimer's Disease Has Its Origins in Early Life via a Perturbed Microbiome
Authors: Ginsberg Stephen D , Blaser Martin J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with limited therapeutic options. Accordingly, new approaches for prevention and treatment are needed. One focus is the human microbiome, the consortium of microorganisms that live in and on us, which contributes to human immune, metabolic, and cognitive development and that may have mechanistic roles in neurodegeneration. AD and Alzheimer's disease–related dementias (ADRD) are recognized as spectrum disorders with complex pathobiology. AD/ADRD onset begins before overt clinical signs, but initiation triggers remain undefined. We posit that disruption of the normal gut microbiome in early life leads to a pathological cascade within septohippocampal and cortical brain circuits. We propose investigation to understand how early-life microbiota changes may lead to hallmark AD pathology in established AD/ADRD models. Specifically, we hypothesize that antibiotic exposure in early life leads to exacerbated AD-like disease endophenotypes that may be amenable to specific microbiological interventions. We propose suitable models for testing these hypotheses.