bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT-based morphometric analysis of the occipital condyle: focus on occipital condyle screw insertion
Authors: Zhou Jinsong , Espinoza Orías Alejandro A. , Kang Xia , He Jade , Zhang Zhihai , Inoue Nozomu , An Howard S. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
The segmental occipital condyle screw (OCS) is an alternative fixation technique in occipitocervical fusion. A thorough morphological study of the occipital condyle (OC) is critical for OCS placement. The authors set out to introduce a more precise CT-based method for morphometric analysis of the OC as it pertains to the placement of the segmental OCS, and they describe a novel preoperative simulation method for screw placement. Two new clinically relevant parameters, the height available for the OCS and the warning depth, are proposed.

METHODS
CT data sets from 27 fresh-frozen human cadaveric occipitocervical spines were used. All measurements were performed using a commercially available 3D reconstruction software package. The length, width, and sagittal angle of the condyle were measured in the axial plane at the base of the OC. The height of the OC and the height available for the segmental OCS were measured in the reconstructed oblique sagittal plane, fitting the ideal trajectory of the OCS recommended in the literature. The placement of a 3.5-mm-diameter screw that had the longest length of bicortical purchase was simulated into the OC in the oblique sagittal plane, with the screw path not being blocked by the occiput and not violating the hypoglossal canal cranially or the atlantooccipital joint caudally. The length of the simulated screw was recorded. The warning depth was measured as the shortest distance from the entry point of the screw to the posterior border of the hypoglossal canal.

RESULTS
The mean length and width of the OC were found to be larger in males: 22.2 ± 1.7 mm and 12.1 ± 1.0 mm, respectively, overall (p < 0.0001 for both). The mean sagittal angle was 28.0° ± 4.9°. The height available for the OCS was significantly less than the height of the OC (6.2 ± 1.3 mm vs 9.4 ± 1.5 mm, p < 0.0001). The mean screw length (19.3 ± 1.9 mm) also presented significant sex-related differences: male greater than female (p = 0.0002). The mean warning depth was 7.5 ± 1.7 mm. In 7.4% of the samples, although the height of the OC was viable, the height available for the OCS was less than 4.5 mm, thus making screw placement impractical. For these cases, a new preoperative simulation method of the OCS placement was proposed. In 92.6% of the samples that could accommodate a 3.5-mm-diameter screw, 24.0% showed that the entry point of the simulated screw was covered by a small part of the C-1 posterosuperior joint rim.

CONCLUSIONS
The placement of the segmental OCS is feasible in most cases, but a thorough preoperative radiological analysis is essential and cannot be understated. The height available for the OCS is a more clinically relevant and precise parameter than the height of the OC to enable proper screw placement. The warning depth may be helpful for the placement of the OCS.
Re-irradiation stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases: a multi-institutional outcome analysis
Authors: Hashmi Ahmed , Guckenberger Matthias , Kersh Ron , Gerszten Peter C. , Mantel Frederick , Grills Inga S. , Flickinger John C. , Shin John H. , Fahim Daniel K. , Winey Brian , Oh Kevin , John Cho B. C. , Létourneau Daniel , Sheehan Jason , Sahgal Arjun 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
This study is a multi-institutional pooled analysis specific to imaging-based local control of spinal metastases in patients previously treated with conventional external beam radiation therapy (cEBRT) and then treated with re-irradiation stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to the spine as salvage therapy, the largest such study to date.

METHODS
The authors reviewed cases involving 215 patients with 247 spinal target volumes treated at 7 institutions. Overall survival was calculated on a patient basis, while local control was calculated based on the spinal target volume treated, both using the Kaplan-Meier method. Local control was defined as imaging-based progression within the SBRT target volume. Equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions (EQD2) was calculated for the cEBRT and SBRT course using an α/β of 10 for tumor and 2 for both spinal cord and cauda equina.

RESULTS
The median total dose/number of fractions of the initial cEBRT was 30 Gy/10. The median SBRT total dose and number of fractions were 18 Gy and 1, respectively. Sixty percent of spinal target volumes were treated with single-fraction SBRT (median, 16.6 Gy and EQD2/10 = 36.8 Gy), and 40% with multiple-fraction SBRT (median 24 Gy in 3 fractions, EQD2/10 = 36 Gy). The median time interval from cEBRT to re-irradiation SBRT was 13.5 months, and the median duration of patient follow-up was 8.1 months. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 6- and 12-month overall survival rates were 64% and 48%, respectively; 13% of patients suffered a local failure, and the 6- and 12-month local control rates were 93% and 83%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) < 70 as a significant prognostic factor for worse overall survival, and single-fraction SBRT as a significant predictive factor for better local control. There were no cases of radiation myelopathy, and the vertebral compression fracture rate was 4.5%.

CONCLUSIONS
Re-irradiation spine SBRT is effective in yielding imaging-based local control with a clinically acceptable safety profile. A randomized trial would be required to determine the optimal fractionation.
Lateral interbody fusion combined with open posterior surgery for adult spinal deformity
Authors: Strom Russell G. , Bae Junseok , Mizutani Jun , Valone Frank , Ames Christopher P. , Deviren Vedat 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
Lateral interbody fusion (LIF) with percutaneous screw fixation can treat adult spinal deformity (ASD) in the coronal plane, but sagittal correction is limited. The authors combined LIF with open posterior (OP) surgery using facet osteotomies and a rod-cantilever technique to enhance lumbar lordosis (LL). It is unclear how this hybrid strategy compares to OP surgery alone. The goal of this study was to evaluate the combination of LIF and OP surgery (LIF+OP) for ASD.

METHODS
All thoracolumbar ASD cases from 2009 to 2014 were reviewed. Patients with < 6 months follow-up, prior fusion, severe sagittal imbalance (sagittal vertical axis > 200 mm or pelvic incidence-LL > 40°), and those undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion were excluded. Deformity correction, complications, and outcomes were compared between LIF+OP and OP-only surgery patients.

RESULTS
LIF+OP (n = 32) and OP-only patients (n = 60) had similar baseline features and posterior fusion levels. On average, 3.8 LIFs were performed. Patients who underwent LIF+OP had less blood loss (1129 vs 1833 ml, p = 0.016) and lower durotomy rates (0% vs 23%, p = 0.002). Patients in the LIF+OP group required less ICU care (0.7 vs 2.8 days, p < 0.001) and inpatient rehabilitation (63% vs 87%, p = 0.015). The incidence of new leg pain, numbness, or weakness was similar between groups (28% vs 22%, p = 0.609). All leg symptoms resolved within 6 months, except in 1 OP-only patient. Follow-up duration was similar (28 vs 25 months, p = 0.462). LIF+OP patients had significantly less pseudarthrosis (6% vs 27%, p = 0.026) and greater improvement in visual analog scale back pain (mean decrease 4.0 vs 1.9, p = 0.046) and Oswestry Disability Index (mean decrease 21 vs 12, p = 0.035) scores. Lumbar coronal correction was greater with LIF+OP surgery (mean [± SD] 22° ± 13° vs 14° ± 13°, p = 0.010). LL restoration was 22° ± 13°, intermediately between OP-only with facet osteotomies (11° ± 7°, p < 0.001) and pedicle subtraction osteotomy (29° ± 10°, p = 0.045).

CONCLUSIONS
LIF+OP is an effective strategy for ASD of moderate severity. Compared with the authors' OP-only operations, LIF+OP was associated with faster recovery, fewer complications, and greater relief of pain and disability.
Deux rites de passage dans la « Nouvelle narration argentine » : Romance de la negra rubia de Gabriela Cabezón Cámara et Matate amor de Ariana Harwicz
Authors: Audran Marie 
Published: June 2016

Nous nous intéressons dans cet article, à la notion de rite de passage. Le rite de passage est un acte qui marque le passage symbolique vers un nouveau statut à travers une médiation matérielle (par le corps). Nous pouvons lire dans cette définition l’idée condensée par Bourdieu selon laquelle le rite consiste à « agir sur le réel en agissant sur la représentation du réel » (Bourdieu, 1982 : 58). Dans les œuvres étudiées, la représentation de l’inscription sur la peau serait alors une mise en abyme de l’inscription sur le papier. L’écriture, comme intervention sur le réel, peut être perçue comme rite de passage puisqu’en agissant sur les représentations elle agit d’une certaine manière sur le réel social, discursif, personnel, selon les cas.Ainsi nous nous demanderons que disent/représentent les rites de passage de la littérature argentine et de leurs auteures dans deux œuvres de la « Nueva Narrativa Argentina » : Romance de la negra rubia de Gabriela Cabezón Cámara (auteure argentine née à Buenos Aires en 1968) et Matate amor de Ariana Harwicz (auteure argentine née à Buenos Aires en 1978). Dans ces deux romans, les protagonistes que l’on peut considérer comme des doubles de leurs auteures, s’infligent des actes « symboliques » corporels – la protagoniste de Romance de la rubia negra s’immole par le feu au début du roman, puis se fait transplanter le visage de son amante ; celle de Matate amor se mutile en traversant la baie vitrée de sa maison- que nous considérons être des rites de passage en ce qu’ils marquent leur passage d’un statut à un autre et qu’ils inscrivent dans la chair leur devenir « autre » : le devenir d’une société double qui inclut la marge pour l’un, le devenir mère et l’exil pour l’autre. Dans un premier temps nous étudierons la structure de chaque roman en relation avec la structure de rite de passage, puis nous aborderons les différentes significations de ces passages, enfin nous étudierons la question de l’écriture comme rite de passage vers une écriture singulière, vers une écriture engagée, vers une « Nueva narrativa argentina ».
La nouvelle politique panhispanique des Académies de la langue espagnole : une question de « frontières »
Authors: Fortineau-Brémond Chrystelle , Le Tallec-Lloret Gabrielle , Blestel Élodie 
Published: June 2016

La devise que s’est choisie la Real Academia Española (RAE) dès 1715, « limpia, fija y da esplendor », manifeste sans équivoque ce qui a été son souci constant pendant ces trois derniers siècles : fixer la norme et promouvoir une certaine langue. Après avoir longtemps privilégié le modèle de l’espagnol cultivé du Nord et du Centre de la Péninsule — au détriment des usages péninsulaires méridionaux et, surtout, américains —, la RAE a choisi, depuis 1999, d’opérer un véritable tournant idéologique, en faisant le choix de s’engager dans un travail collectif qui l’associe aux 21 autres académies de la langue espagnole dans le but de promouvoir une « norme polycentrique », dans le cadre d’une « politique linguistique panhispanique ». Si l'intention semble louable, qu'en est-il de la réalisation de cet objectif ? Les dernières publications, en particulier l’imposante Nueva Gramática de la Lengua Española [NGLE], peuvent-elles être lues comme la mise en application du discours que la RAE ne cesse de marteler dans tous ses prologues ? Après avoir présenté le discours panhispanique, en le resituant dans un contexte plus vaste, nous le confronterons à la réalité des analyses grammaticales proposées dans la NGLE, en privilégiant deux phénomènes particulièrement significatifs, où se manifeste de façon sensible l’écart entre usages américains et usages européens : la « concordance des temps » et les « temps composés », avec l’exemple particulier du plus-que-parfait.
La culture populaire péruvienne à l’intérieur de la tradition artistique européenne. Passage et métissage dans la peinture d’Herman Braun-Vega
Authors: Cárdenas Moreno Mónica 
Published: June 2016

A partir de trois tableaux du peintre franco-péruvien Herman Braun-Vega (Lima, 1933), peints à différentes périodes de sa carrière, mais avec un procédé similaire, notre objectif est de montrer le métissage culturel dont parle l’artiste à partir de la relation établie entre les grands maîtres de la peinture européenne (Velázquez, Picasso, Matisse) et les différents éléments de la culture populaire péruvienne. Nous allons développer notre réflexion en deux parties : d’abord, nous nous intéresserons au dialogue avec le passé à travers le processus de citation d’une œuvre d’art et de l’incorporation des éléments de l’histoire et de la culture péruvienne. Deuxièmement, à travers une perspective intertextuelle, nous nous rapprocherons de la notion de métissage dans l’imaginaire artistique péruvien et de son utilisation en tant qu’outil de compréhension de phénomènes sociétaux plus universels.
Arturo Ripstein : un passeur postmoderne. Zoom sur La perdición de los hombres (2000)
Authors: Fortin Maria 
Published: June 2016

Le cinéaste Arturo Ripstein peut à bien des égards être considéré comme un passeur. En tant qu’artiste postmoderne, il a su au long de sa carrière prolifique revisiter la tradition cinématographique mexicaine, en proposant de nouvelles versions de grands classiques, ou en subvertissant les codes du mélodrame, le genre qui connut à l’époque de l’Äge d’or un succès à la fois national et international. Ses films font donc souvent office de passerelles entre passé et présent, et permettent donc d’apprécier les évolutions des représentations cinématographiques, culturelles, et sociales. Ripstein est également passeur dans le sens où l’entendait Serge Gruzinski, puisqu’il peut être envisagé comme un artiste « intermédiaire », qui conjugue dans ses films les multiples influences dont il s’est nourri, et qui proviennent aussi bien de la culture judéo-chrétienne, mexicaine (contemporaine et précolombienne), européenne, ou encore anglo-saxonne. Tous ces aspects sont présents dans La perdición de los hombres (The Ruination of Men), un film qui n’a suscité d’intérêt ni de la part du public ni du milieu académique, et que nous souhaitons mettre en lumière.
New Method for Nucleophilic Substitution on Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene by Allylamine Using an Algerian Proton Exchanged Montmorillonite Clay (Maghnite-H+) as a Green Solid Catalyst
Authors: Medjdoub Lahouaria , Mohammed Belbachir 
Published: June 2016

Nucleophilic substitution on hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCTP) with allylamine in order to give hexa(allylamino)cyclotriphosphazene (HACTP) is performed for the first time under mild conditions by using diethylether as solvent to replace benzene which is very toxic. The reaction time is reduced to half and also performed at room temperature but especially in the presence of an eco-catalyst called Maghnite-H+. This catalyst has a significant role in the industrial scale. In fact, the use of Maghnite is preferred for its many advantages: a very low purchase price compared to other catalysts, the easy removal of the reaction mixture. Then, Maghnite-H+ is became an excellent catalyst for many chemical reactions. The structure of HACTP synthesized in the presence of Maghnite-H+ to 5% by weight is confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 31P-NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy). MALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry) is used to establish the molecular weight of HACTP which is 471 g/mol. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetery) and TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) show that HACTP is a crystalline product with a melting point of 88 °C. It is reactive after melting but is degraded from 230 °C.
Green Synthesis of Cationic Polyacrylamide Composite Catalyzed by An Ecologically Catalyst Clay Called Maghnite-H+ (Algerian MMT) Under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Abdelkader Rahmouni , Mohammed Belbachir 
Published: June 2016

In this study, a novel green cationic hydrogel of cationic polyacrylamide composite have been prepared and investigated. The synthesis of green cationic polyacrylamide composite was evaluated for its solubility in water. The reactions were performed using acrylamide monomer, solvent, catalyst (clay fin called maghnite) and solution of H2SO4 (0.25 M), with the system under microwave irradiation (160 ºC) for 4 min. Major factors affecting the polymerization reaction were studied with a view to discover appropriate conditions for preparation of the composite. The cationic polyacrylamide obtained is the subject of future studies of modification and transformation. The resulting polymer has been characterized by a variety of characterization techniques, such as: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra and 1H NMR spectra.
A Preliminary Study: Esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Artificially Modified Feedstock Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts
Authors: Roslan Nurul Asmawati , Che Hasnan Mohammad Haniff , Abdullah Norhayati , Abdullah Syamsul Bahari , Abidin Sumaiya Zainal 
Published: June 2016

The exploration of non-edible oils as a feedstock has been positively affect the economic viability of biodiesel production. Due to the high level of free fatty acid (FFA) in non-edible oils, esterification is needed to remove the acidity to the minimum level before base-catalyzed transesterification. In this study, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (HMIMHSO4) was self-synthesized and compared with the commercialized ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (BMIMHSO4). HMIMHSO4 and BMIMHSO4 were characterized by 1H NMR prior to use in the esterification reaction. The reaction was carried out in a batch reactor and variables such as types of alcohol, oil: alcohol molar ratio, temperature and types of stirring were investigated. The highest conversion for each catalyst was achieved using ethanol as a solvent at the condition of 343 K reaction temperature, 12:1 alcohol to oil ratio in 8 h reaction time. BMIMHSO4 showed higher conversion (98%) as compared to HMIMHSO4 with only 82% conversion. Clearly, BMIMHSO4 shows considerable potential to reduce the FFA in the feedstock as it is exhibit excellent catalytic activity due to lower alkyl chain of BMIMHSO4 compared to HMIMHSO4.
Samarium Promoted Ni/Al2O3 Catalysts for Syngas Production from Glycerol Pyrolysis
Authors: Nor Shahirah Mohd Nasir , Ayodele Bamidele V. , Gimbun Jolius , Cheng Chin Kui 
Published: June 2016

The current paper reports on the kinetics of glycerol reforming over the alumina-supported Ni catalyst that was promoted with rare earth elements. The catalysts were synthesized via wet impregnation method with formulations of 3 wt% Sm-20 wt% Ni/77 wt% Al2O3. The characterizations of all the as-synthesized catalysts were carried out, viz. BET specific surface area measurements, thermogravimetri analysis for temperature-programmed calcination studies, FESEM for surface imaging, XRD to obtain diffraction patterns, XRF for elemental analysis, etc.. Reaction studies were performed in a stainless steel fixed bed reactor with reaction temperatures set at 973, 1023 and 1073 K employing weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 4.5×104 mL g-1 h-1. Agilent GC with TCD capillary column was used to analyze gas compositions. Results gathered showed that the BET specific surface area was 2.09 m2.g-1 for the unpromoted Ni catalyst while for the promoted catalysts, was 2.68 m2.g-1. Significantly, the BET results were supported by the FESEM images which showed promoted catalysts exhibit smaller particle size compared to the unpromoted catalyst. It can be deduced that the promoter can increase metal dispersion on alumina support, hence decreasing the size of particles. The TGA analysis consistently showed four peaks which represent water removal at temperature 373-463 K, followed by decomposition of nickel nitrate to produce nickel oxide. From reaction results for Sm promotion showed glycerol conversion, XG of 27% which was 7% higher than unpromoted catalyst. The syngas productions were produced from glycerol decomposition and created H2:CO product ratio which always lower than 2.0. The H2:CO product ratio of 3 wt% Sm promoted Ni/Al2O3 catalyst was 1.70 at reaction temperature of 973 K and glycerol partial pressure of 18 kPa and suitable enough for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
Evaluation of the proximate composition, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity of mango seed kernel extracts
Authors: Mutua Jane K. , Imathiu Samuel , Owino Willis 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAfter pulp extraction in fruit processing industry, a significant quantity of mango seed kernels are discarded as solid wastes. These seed kernels can be ideal raw materials for obtaining extracts rich in bioactive compounds with good antioxidant properties. The conversion of these wastes into utilizable food ingredients would help in reducing environmental problems associated with processing waste disposal. In order to determine their potential use, this study evaluated some of the biochemical characteristics and antimicrobial potential of mango seed kernel extracts on medically important human bacterial and fungal pathogens. Four mango varieties (Apple, Ngowe, Kent and Sabine) from Makueni and Embu counties in Kenya were used for this study. The analyzed mango seed kernel powders were found to contain on average, 6.74–9.20% protein content. Apple and Ngowe mango seed kernels had significantly higher fat content of 13.04 and 13.08, respectively, while Sabine from Makueni had the least fat content of 9.84%. The ash, fiber, and carbohydrate contents ranged from 1.78 to 2.87%, 2.64 to 3.71% and 72.86 to 75.92%, respectively. The mean percentage scavenging ability of mango kernel extracts at the concentration of 20 mg/mL was 92.22%. Apple and Sabine mango kernel extracts had significantly high inhibition zones of 1.93 and 1.73 compared to Kent and Ngowe with 1.13 and 1.10, respectively, against E. coli. For C. albicans, the inhibition of Kent mango kernel extract, 1.63, was significantly lower than that of Ngowe, Apple, and Sabine with 2.23, 2.13, and 1.83, respectively. This study demonstrates that mango seed powder is an abundant and cost‐effective potential natural antibiotic and antifungal that can be utilized in addressing the challenge of food poisoning and infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms in the food industry.