bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of visual abnormalities detected through paediatric vision screening in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Li Ye , Duffy Shelley , Wilks Sagen , Keel Rachel , Beswick Rachael , Dai Shuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundVision screening programs can provide epidemiological information regarding visual impairment in children. This study aims to report the characteristics of visual abnormalities diagnosed through the Primary School Nurse Health Readiness Program (PSNHRP) in Queensland, Australia.MethodsA retrospective review of vision screening records from the PSNHRP between January 2017 and December 2020 was undertaken. Children aged between 4 and 7 who underwent vision screening were included for review. Children with a visual acuity of worse than 6/9–1 using the Parr 4 m letter‐matching chart or those who failed the SPOT Vision Screener were referred to an optometrist or ophthalmologist for review.Results164 890 children underwent vision screening. 12148 children failed visual screening (7.4%) and were referred for an eye assessment. 6011 (69.4%) of the 8659 children who attended ophthalmic review had a confirmed visual abnormality. Of 164 890 screened children, 1187 (0.72%) were confirmed to have anisometropia, 3843 (2.33%) had refractive error, 194 (0.12%) had strabismus, 755 (0.46%) had anisometropic amblyopia, 136 (0.08%) had strabismic amblyopia, and 1356 (0.82%) had an unspecific abnormality. There was no statistically significant difference in the age at screening between any visual abnormality (p = 0.94). Anisometropia, refractive error, and strabismus were significantly more common in females than males (p = 0.03, p < 0.01, and p = 0.03 respectively), whereas anisometropic amblyopia was more common in males (p < 0.01).ConclusionsWe report the prevalence of visual abnormalities detected through the PSNHRP vision screening program. Identification of medical or socioeconomic risk factors that are likely to be associated with visual abnormalities can help to optimise vision screening programs.
Impact of diverting ileostomy on functional outcome and quality of life after restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis
Authors: Martin Gregory , Voron Thibault , Collard Maxime , O'Connell Lauren , Challine Alexandre , Chafai Najim , Lefèvre Jeremie H. , Parc Yann 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimDiverting ileostomy (DS) after restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) can be omitted in selected patients. Its omission could improve functional outcomes and quality of life (QoL), as has been demonstrated in patients after proctectomy. The aim of this study was to report the impact of diverting ileostomy on functional outcomes and QoL after ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA).MethodsThis was a retrospective study including all patients operated (2015–2020) for RPC with IPAA. Functional outcome was evaluated by validated scores (LARS, Wexner, Öresland, pouch functional score [PFS] and the ileoanal pouch syndrome severity [IPSS] score). Global health‐related QoL was evaluated with the SF‐36. We also analysed demographic characteristics, morbidity, correlation between functional outcomes and QoL.ResultsAmong 179 eligible patients, 150 responded (84%): S− (no stoma = 78; 52%) and S+ (had stoma = 72; 48%). Overall morbidity and anastomotic leak rates were 46% and 9.3%, respectively without difference between the groups. Medians for the functional scores were comparable between the S− and S+ group, respectively: 18 [12.5–31] versus 18 [11–31], p = 0.48 for LARS; 9 [7–11] versus 9 [7–12], p = 0.23 for Wexner's score; 6 [3–13] versus 8 [5–11], p = 0.22 for Öresland's score, 6 [3–13] versus 6.8 [4–12], p = 0.174 for PFS score, and 40 [35–45] versus 46 [42–51], p = 0.045 for IPSS score. The SF‐36 summary score was comparable between the two groups without any difference in eight specific health dimensions. After propensity score matching, results were still comparable between the two groups for all scores. Linear regression found a significant correlation between all QoL domains and all functional scores (p < 0.001).ConclusionDS for IPAA does not alter either functional outcomes or QoL and can be omitted in selected patients.
The effect of online motivational interviewing on pregnant women's smoking cessation behaviour: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cevik Betul Esra , Kocatas Semra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to examine the effect of online individual motivational interviewing based on the transtheoretical model on pregnant women's smoking cessation behaviour.Material and MethodSixty‐two pregnant women who did not complete the 16th gestational week and who smoked were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 31) and control (n = 31) groups. While the intervention group was administered model‐based motivational individual counselling interventions, the control group was administered no interventions.FindingsThe results showed that 58.1% of the pregnant women in the intervention group and 22.6% of the pregnant women in the control group ceased smoking.ConclusionOnline motivational interviewing based on the transtheoretical model was found to be effective in pregnant women's smoking cessation.
Effect of scanning strategies on trueness and time efficiency of digital impression on paediatric models
Authors: Alpkılıç‐İşsever Dilara Şeyma , Tokuç Müge 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundVarious scanning methods aim to reduce intraoral scanner errors, yet no specific approach targets paediatric patients.AimEvaluate continuous (C) and noncontinuous (NC) scanning patterns' impact on the trueness and duration of paediatric digital impressions.DesignA standard pedodontic typodont model was scanned with a Trios 4 Move+ IOS using four scanning strategies. C1 and C2 followed continuous scanning from the right molars, with different directions. NC1 scanned noncontinuously from the right molar, with breaks every four teeth. NC2 began at the right primary incisor, with breaks after every three teeth. Each scan, performed five times by one researcher, was timed. Industrial scanning provided reference data. Deviations were analyzed using the MIXED procedure.ResultsNC1 had higher deviations in the lower jaw, whereas C1 and NC1 showed higher deviations in the upper jaw (p < .001). C1 had significantly higher deviations in the upper jaw than the lower jaw (p = .041). NC2 had the longest scanning time in both upper and lower jaws (p = .002).ConclusionPaediatric digital impressions benefit from starting at the anterior and incorporating breaks, although this increases scanning time.
Dofetilide for the treatment of premature ventricular complexes and ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease
Authors: Deshmukh Amrish , Yokokawa Miki , McBride Daniel , Simpson Jamie , Chou Andrew , Ghannam Michael , Liang Jackson J. , Saeed Mohammed , Cunnane Ryan , Ghanbari Hamid , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Crawford Thomas , Jongnarangsin Krit , Pelosi Frank , Chugh Aman , Morady Fred , Bogun Frank , Oral Hakan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundDofetilide is a class III antiarrhythmic agent approved for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Given the efficacy of other class III agents, it has been used off‐label for the treatment of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) and ventricular tachycardias (VTs).ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of dofetilide for ventricular arrythmias (VAs).MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, 81 patients (59 men; age = 60 ± 14 years; LVEF = 0.34 ± 0.16) were admitted for dofetilide initiation to treat PVCs (29), VTs (42) or both (10). A ≥ 80% decrease in PVC burden was defined as a satisfactory response. An ICD was present in 72 patients (89%). Another antiarrhythmic was previously used in 50 patients (62%). Prior catheter ablation had been performed in 33 patients (41%).ResultsDuring intitiation, dofetilide was discontinued in 12 patients (15%) due to QT prolongation (8) and inefficacy to suppress VAs (4). Among the 32 patients with PVCs who successfully started dofetilide, the mean PVC burden decreased from 20 ± 10% to 8 ± 8% at a median follow‐up of 2.6 months (p < .001). PVC burden was reduced by ≥80% in only 11/32 patients (34%). During 7 ± 1 years of follow‐up, 41/69 patients (59%) continued to have VAs and received appropriate ICD therapies for monomorphic VTs (35) and polymorphic VT/VF (6) at a median of 8.0 (IQR 2.6–33.2) months. Dofetilide had to be discontinued in 50/69 patients (72%) due to inefficacy or intolerance. The composite outcome of VT/VF recurrence, heart transplantation, or death occurred in 6/12 patients (50%) without dofetilide and 49/69 patients (71%) with dofetilide. The event free survival was similar between patients treated with and without dofetilide (log‐rank p = .55).ConclusionsTreatment with dofetilide was associated with a decrease in PVCs, however clinically significant suppression occurred in a minority of patients. Dofetilide failed to suppress the occurrence of VTs in a majority of patients.
Association of rurality and health professional shortages with the clinicopathologic characteristics of melanoma in North Carolina
Authors: Flynn Michael Seth , Gayed Matthew , Lebhar Jamie , Jacobs Jennifer , Bailey‐Burke Christian , Tissera Kristin , Liu Beiyu , Green Cynthia , Pavlis Michelle B. , Mosca Paul J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess rural‐urban and health professional shortage area (HPSA)‐related influences on the characteristics of melanoma in North Carolina.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective cohort study of patients living in North Carolina with an available pathology report for invasive cutaneous melanoma seen in the Duke University Health System from 01/01/2014 to 12/31/2020. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to compare patient and tumor characteristics between rural versus urban county residence as well between melanoma thicknesses dichotomized into thin (≤1.0 mm) and thicker (>1.0 mm) tumors.FindingsThe cohort included 807 patients, and rural patients accounted for 177 (21.9%) of invasive cutaneous melanomas. Rural patients had significantly higher odds of having thicker tumors than urban patients (odds ratio [OR] = 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17‐2.71; P = .008). Rural patients were significantly more likely to be female (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.10‐2.28; P = .013) and located in a population‐based (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.84‐3.84; P<.001) or geographic‐based (OR = 8.21, 95% CI: 3.33‐20.22; P<.001) HPSA. Living in a medium‐ or high‐shortage population‐based HPSA was associated with higher odds of thicker tumors (OR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.85‐3.80; P<.001).ConclusionsPatients living in rural North Carolina counties were more likely than those in urban counties to be diagnosed with melanomas >1.0 mm in thickness, a clinically significant difference with important prognostic implications. Interventions at the county‐ and state‐level to address this disparity may include improving access to skin cancer screening and teledermatology programs, increasing partnerships with primary care providers, and targeting interventions to counties with health professional shortages.
Do White Saviour perceptions reduce charitable giving? Evidence from five online studies
Authors: Chuah Swee‐Hoon , Clarke Matthew , Feeny Simon , Hoffmann Robert , Neelim Ananta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInternational aid charities face a dilemma by virtue of the White Saviour: Appeal photos of Caucasian helpers in Global South settings can build a bridge to donors or cause donor resentment with changing social norms. We examine four resulting empirical questions using a series of online studies: What is the White Saviour? How do White Saviour perceptions arise from charitable appeals? And what is their effect on both donation intentions and behaviour? We empirically identify two factors that constitute White Saviour perceptions: entitlement and ineffectiveness, along with the photo characteristics that raise them. Findings suggest that images with high White Saviour perceptions do not raise donations but can actually lower the propensity to donate. There is therefore no case for international NGOs to use such imagery, particularly given that it risks offending the people and communities they serve.
Strengthening nutrition policy and service delivery: Lessons learned from a six‐country assessment of Alive and Thrive's technical assistance
Authors: Siekmans Kendra , Bose Sujata , Escobar‐DeMarco Jessica , Frongillo Edward A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlive & Thrive (A&T) provides strategic technical assistance (TA) to develop effective policies; improve maternal, infant, and young child nutrition (MIYCN) programme design and implementation and enhance system capacity to sustain quality MIYCN service delivery at scale. A qualitative assessment was conducted using document review and stakeholder interviews (n = 79) to describe a selection of A&T's TA in six countries and systematically assess the contextual and TA process‐related factors that influenced the results achieved and document the lessons learned about MIYCN TA design and implementation. To facilitate the selection of different types of TA, we classified TA into two levels of stakeholder engagement and intensity. Under the Technical Advisor TA category, we assessed A&T's support to strengthen national policy formulation, monitoring, and implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breast‐milk Substitutes. For Capacity Development TA, we assessed A&T support to scale‐up maternal nutrition services and to increase strategic use of data. Factors important for TA provision included identifying and engaging with the right people, using evidence to support advocacy and decision‐making, using multiple ways to strengthen capacity, developing packages of tools to support programme scale‐up, and reinforcing feedback mechanisms to improve service provision and data quality. Challenges included shifts in the political context, poorly functioning health systems, and limited resources to replicate or sustain the progress made. Continued investment in evidence‐based and practical TA that strengthens the institutionalization of nutrition across all stakeholders—including government, medical associations, civil society and development partners—is essential. Future TA must support governments to strengthen system capacity for nutrition, including financial and human resource gaps that hamper full scale‐up.
Predicting the Risk of Maxillary Canine Impaction Based on Maxillary Measurements Using Supervised Machine Learning
Authors: de Araujo Cristiano Miranda , Freitas Pedro Felipe de Jesus , Ferraz Aline Xavier , Andreis Patricia Kern Di Scala , Meger Michelle Nascimento , Baratto‐Filho Flares , Augusto Rodenbusch Poletto Cesar , Küchler Erika Calvano , Camargo Elisa Souza , Schroder Angela Graciela Deliga 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo predict palatally impacted maxillary canines based on maxilla measurements through supervised machine learning techniques.Materials and MethodsThe maxilla images from 138 patients were analysed to investigate intermolar width, interpremolar width, interpterygoid width, maxillary length, maxillary width, nasal cavity width and nostril width, obtained through cone beam computed tomography scans. The predictive models were built using the following machine learning algorithms: Adaboost Classifier, Decision Tree, Gradient Boosting Classifier, K‐Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Logistic Regression, Multilayer Perceptron Classifier (MLP), Random Forest Classifier and Support Vector Machine (SVM). A 5‐fold cross‐validation approach was employed to validate each model. Metrics such as area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, precision and F1 Score were calculated for each model, and ROC curves were constructed.ResultsThe predictive model included four variables (two dental and two skeletal measurements). The interpterygoid width and nostril width showed the largest effect sizes. The Gradient Boosting Classifier algorithm exhibited the best metrics, with AUC values ranging from 0.91 [CI95% = 0.74–0.98] for test data to 0.89 [CI95% = 0.86–0.94] for crossvalidation. The nostril width variable demonstrated the highest importance across all tested algorithms.ConclusionThe use of maxillary measurements, through supervised machine learning techniques, is a promising method for predicting palatally impacted maxillary canines. Among the models evaluated, both the Gradient Boosting Classifier and the Random Forest Classifier demonstrated the best performance metrics, with accuracy and AUC values exceeding 0.8, indicating strong predictive capability.
Stem Growth and Dehydration Responses of Mediterranean Tree Species to Atmospheric and Soil Drought
Authors: Salomón Roberto L. , Camarero J. Julio 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTStem growth responses to soil and atmospheric drought are critical to forecasting the tree carbon sink strength. Yet, responses of drought‐prone forests remain uncertain despite global aridification trends. Stem diameter variations at an hourly resolution were monitored in five Mediterranean tree species from a mesic and a xeric site for 6 and 12 years. Stem growth and dehydration responses to soil (REW) and atmospheric (VPD) drought were explored at different timescales. Annually, growth was determined by the number of growing days and hours. Seasonally, growth was bimodal (autumn growth ≈ 8%–18% of annual growth), varying among species and sites across the hydrometeorological space, while dehydration consistently responded to REW. Sub‐daily, substantial growth occurred during daytime, with nighttime‐to‐daytime ratios ranging between 1.2 and 3.5 (Arbutus unedo ≈ Quercus faginea < Quercus ilex < Pinus halepensis in the mesic site, and Juniperus thurifera < P. halepensis in the xeric site). Overall, time windows favourable for growth were limited by soil (rather than atmospheric) drought, modulating annual and seasonal growth in Mediterranean species, and stems maintained non‐negligible growth during daytime. These patterns contrast with observations from wetter or cooler biomes, demonstrating the growth plasticity of drought‐prone species to more arid climate conditions.
Certainties and the Bedrock of Moral Reasoning: Three Ways the Spade Turns
Authors: Deininger Konstantin , Grimm Herwig 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we identify and explain three kinds of bedrock in moral thought. The term “bedrock,” as introduced by Wittgenstein in §217 of the Philosophical Investigations, stands for the end of a chain of reasoning. We affirm that some chains of moral reasoning do indeed end with certainty. However, different kinds of certainties in morality work in different ways. In the course of systematizing the different types of certainties, we argue that present accounts of certainties in morality do not reflect their diversity. Our analysis yields three types of moral certainty: quasi‐undoubtable certain propositions, certain propositions, and transcendental certainties. We show that the first two types can, at least to some extent, be intelligibly doubted. Therefore, they do not possess the characteristics that would classify them as bedrock in the strictest sense. Transcendental certainties cannot likewise be doubted because they are rules that enable moral thinking. Thus, deviating from them is unintelligible. We shall argue that all three types reflect ways in which moral language games come to an end, while only one, transcendental certainties, displays the characteristic of being solid bedrock.
Impaired head circumference growth and behavioural problems in childhood: Longitudinal findings from the MINA‐Brazil birth cohort
Authors: Giacomini Isabel , Villamor Eduardo , Lourenço Bárbara Hatzlhoffer , Zhu Mia , Seeley Allison L. , Matijasevich Alicia , Cardoso Marly Augusto ,   for the MINA‐Brazil Study Group
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious evidence on the relation between early head circumference (HC) growth and behavioural outcomes in preschoolers has been inconsistent.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate whether HC growth from birth to 5 years of age was related to internalising or externalising behavioural problems at 5 years of age in a sex‐specific manner.MethodsAmong 303 girls and 318 boys from the MINA‐Brazil birth cohort, we examined the associations between changes in HC from birth to 5 years of age and internalising and externalising behaviour problem scores at 5 years according to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for parents. HC values were transformed into sex‐ and age‐specific z‐scores (HCZ) using World Health Organisation standards, and the differences between values at 5 years of age and birth were classified into quintiles. We estimated adjusted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals in behavioural problem scores between HCZ change quintiles using multivariable linear regression by sex. To examine nonlinear associations, we included cubic spline terms.ResultsHead circumference growth from birth to 5 years of age was inversely and nonlinearly associated with internalising problems in girls. Compared with girls at the lowest quintile of HC growth, those above had an adjusted 1.27 (95% confidence interval 0.28, 2.27) points lower mean internalising problems score. This association was mostly driven by HC growth during the first 2 years. We found no association between HC growth and externalising behaviour in either sex.ConclusionsImpaired HC growth was related to higher mean internalising problem scores at 5 years of age in girls but not in boys. HC growth was not associated with externalising problems.