bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subclavian Steal Syndrome with or without Arterial Stenosis: A Review
Authors: Kargiotis Odysseas , Siahos Simos , Safouris Apostolos , Feleskouras Agisilaos , Magoufis Georgios , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe subclavian‐vertebral artery steal syndrome (SSS) is the hemodynamic phenomenon of blood flow reversal in the vertebral artery due to significant stenosis or occlusion of the proximal subclavian artery or the innominate artery. Occasionally, SSS is diagnosed in patients not harboring arterial stenosis. With the exception of arterial congenital malformations, the limited case reports of SSS with intact subclavian artery are attributed to dialysis arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). Interestingly, these cases are more frequently symptomatic than those with the classical atherosclerotic SSS forms. On the other hand, the disclosure of SSS due to subclavian/innominate artery atherosclerotic stenosis, even in the absence of accompanying symptoms, should prompt a thorough cardiovascular work‐up for the early detection of coexisting coronary, carotid, or peripheral artery disease. Herein, we review the incidence, clinical presentation, sonographic findings, and therapeutic interventions related to SSS with and without subclavian/innominate artery stenosis. We also review the currently available data in the literature regarding the association of SSS and dialysis AVF. In addition, we present a patient with bilateral symptomatic SSS as the result of an arteriovenous graft (AVG) that was introduced after the preexisting AVF in the contralateral arm became nonfunctional. SSS due to subclavian or innominate artery stenosis/occlusion is rarely symptomatic warranting interventional treatment. In contrast, when it is attributed to AVF, surgical correction is frequently necessary.
Turned versus anodised dental implants: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Chrcanovic B. R. , Albrektsson T. , Wennerberg A. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe aim of this meta‐analysis was to test the null hypothesis of no difference in the implant failure rates, marginal bone loss (MBL)and post‐operative infection for patients being rehabilitated by turned versus anodised‐surface implants, against the alternative hypothesis of a difference. An electronic search without time or language restrictions was undertaken in November 2015. Eligibility criteria included clinical human studies, either randomised or not. Thirty‐eight publications were included. The results suggest a risk ratio of 2·82 (95% CI 1·95–4·06, P < 0·00001) for failure of turned implants, when compared to anodised‐surface implants. Sensitivity analyses showed similar results when only the studies inserting implants in maxillae or mandibles were pooled. There were no statistically significant effects of turned implants on the MBL (mean difference‐MD 0·02, 95%CI −0·16–0·20; P = 0·82) in comparison to anodised implants. The results of a meta‐regression considering the follow‐up period as a covariate suggested an increase of the MD with the increase in the follow‐up time (MD increase 0·012 mm year−1), however, without a statistical significance (P = 0·813). Due to lack of satisfactory information, meta‐analysis for the outcome ‘post‐operative infection’ was not performed. The results have to be interpreted with caution due to the presence of several confounding factors in the included studies.
Life Insurance Demand Under Health Shock Risk
Authors: Hambel Christoph , Kraft Holger , Schendel Lorenz S. , Steffensen Mogens 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article studies the consumption‐investment‐insurance problem of a family. The wage earner faces the risk of a health shock. The family can buy long‐term life insurance that can only be revised at significant costs. A revision is only possible as long as the insured person is healthy. The combination of unspanned labor income and the stickiness of insurance decisions reduces the long‐term insurance demand significantly. Since such a reduction is costly and families anticipate these potential costs, they buy less protection at all ages. In particular, young families stay away from long‐term life insurance markets altogether.
Melatonin enhances cold tolerance in drought‐primed wild‐type and abscisic acid‐deficient mutant barley
Authors: Li Xiangnan , Tan Dun‐Xian , Jiang Dong , Liu Fulai 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMelatonin is involved in multiple plant developmental processes and various stress responses. To explore the roles of melatonin played as well as its association with abscisic acid (ABA) in a process of drought priming‐induced cold tolerance (DPICT), a wild‐type barley and its ABA‐deficient mutant Az34 counterpart were selected for comparison, in which the effects of melatonin application (either foliarly or rhizospherically) and/or drought priming on the cold tolerance of both types of barleys were systematically investigated. It was demonstrated that the early drought priming induced an increase of endogenous melatonin production, which is not ABA dependent. In addition, exogenously applied melatonin resulted in higher ABA concentration in the drought‐primed plants than in the nonprimed plants when exposed to cold stress, indicating that ABA responded in a drought‐dependent manner. The interplay of melatonin and ABA leads to plants maintaining better water status. Drought priming‐induced melatonin accumulation enhanced the antioxidant capacity in both chloroplasts and mitochondria, which sustained the photosynthetic electron transport in photosynthetic apparatus of the plants under cold stress. These results suggest that the exogenous melatonin application enhances the DPICT by modulating subcellular antioxidant systems and ABA levels in barley.
Scoring System for Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Adult Horses with Acute Surgical Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: McConachie E. , Giguère S. , Barton M.H. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe prevalence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in horses with acute surgical gastrointestinal (GI) disease is unknown. Currently, there are no validated criteria to confirm MODS in adult horses.ObjectivesTo develop criteria for a MODS score for horses with acute surgical colic (MODS SGI) and evaluate the association with 6‐month survival. To compare the MODS SGI score with a MODS score extrapolated from criteria used in people (MODS EQ).AnimalsAdult horses that required exploratory laparotomy (n = 62) for colic. Healthy adult horses undergoing elective surgical procedures (n = 12) established the reference range of some variables.MethodsProspectively, a MODS SGI score was developed based on organ‐specific criteria established from a literature review, data collection, and clinical judgment. Data for scoring each horse were collected on Days 1 and 2 postoperatively. Horses were scored retrospectively using both scoring criteria. The prognostic performance of the MODS SGI score and its overall performance compared with the MODS EQ score were assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsThe MODS SGI score had excellent performance for predicting 6‐month survival with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.87–0.99). The AUC for the MODS SGI score was significantly higher than the MODS EQ (AUC: 0.76; 0.63–0.86).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe MODS SGI score predicts 6‐month survival from discharge in horses with acute surgical colic. The MODS SGI score performed better than a score extrapolated from human scoring systems.
The need for new categorizations of dietary specialism incorporating spatio‐temporal variability of individual diet specialization
Authors: Pagani‐Núñez E. , Barnett C. A. , Gu H. , Goodale E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the last decade, an increasing body of research has addressed the extent to which different individuals within a species or population specialize in their exploitation of different food resources, which is referred to as individual diet specialization (IDS). Traditionally, researchers use the terms ‘specialist’ and ‘generalist’, despite the inability of these labels to capture all of the complexity of IDS. In this paper, we compare the dietary specialism of great tit Parus major and blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus at different temporal and spatial scales. We use these two species to illustrate the differences within and between species in individual levels of IDS. Both of these species show greater IDS in Mediterranean habitats, where resources are less plentiful and more variable than in Northern Europe. Additionally, we also emphasize that IDS within populations may change temporally. At the same time, there are differences between species, with great tits showing a higher capacity than blue tits to specialize at both the individual and the population level. Great tits can be considered generalists at the species level and specialists at the individual level, while blue tits can be considered generalists at both the species and the individual level. Our study demonstrates that there is a need for researchers to determine the relative importance of intrinsic factors (e.g. differences between species or individuals in their behavioral flexibility or cognitive capacity) and extrinsic factors (e.g. resource base) in shaping patterns of dietary specialization. We conclude that, within and among species, different individuals respond differently to similar environmental pressures, utilize different niches and develop different functions in the ecosystem depending on their type of IDS. Therefore, we propose that label ‘generalists’ should distinguish between facultative generalists, which can develop new specializations, and obligate generalists, which have a limited capacity to develop novel specializations.
Serum WFA+‐M2BP levels for evaluation of early stages of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Zou Xia , Zhu Ming‐Yu , Yu De‐Min , Li Wei , Zhang Dong‐Hua , Lu Fei‐Jie , Gong Qi‐Ming , Liu Feng , Jiang Jie‐Hong , Zheng Min‐Hua , Kuno Atsushi , Narimatsu Hisashi , Zhang Yan , Zhang Xin‐Xin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsAccurate evaluation of liver fibrosis is crucial for predicting progression of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We assessed the utility of a novel fibrosis glycobiomarker Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive Mac‐2‐binding protein (WFA+‐M2BP) for evaluating liver fibrosis and disease progression in patients with chronic HBV infection.MethodsWe enrolled 774 patients with chronic HBV infection, with or without fibrosis, diagnosed by liver biopsy/FibroScan. Patients who underwent liver biopsy (n = 297) were divided into training (n = 221) and validation (n = 76) groups. Serum WFA+‐M2BP values were measured and compared with FIB‐4 index, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)‐to‐platelet ratio (APRI) and AST‐to‐alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR) using receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsSerum WFA+‐M2BP levels increased significantly with fibrosis progression (P < 0.0001). Area under the ROC curve of WFA+‐M2BP for diagnosing significant fibrosis was higher than that of FIB‐4 (P = 0.198), APRI (P = 0.017) and AAR (P < 0.001), with sensitivity and specificity in the training set of 60.5% and 79.8% and validation set of 59.5% and 82.1%, respectively. Serum WFA+‐M2BP levels were significantly correlated with FibroScan values (P < 0.0001) and improved the accuracy of FibroScan in assessing significant fibrosis. Changes in WFA+‐M2BP levels were parallel with those in FibroScan values during nucleot(s)ide analogues therapy in patients with chronic HBV infection.ConclusionsWFA+‐M2BP is an accurate serum indicator for assessing early stages of liver fibrosis and may monitor regression of fibrosis during the treatment of chronic HBV infection. WFA+‐M2BP provides a simple and reliable alternative or complementary method to liver biopsy and FibroScan.
Adaptation in isolated populations: when does it happen and when can we tell?
Authors: Crisci Jessica L. , Dean Matthew D. , Ralph Peter 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIsolated populations with novel phenotypes present an exciting opportunity to uncover the genetic basis of ecologically significant adaptation, and genomic scans have often, but not always, led to candidate genes directly related to an adaptive phenotype. However, in many cases these populations were established by a severe bottleneck, which can make identifying targets of selection problematic. Here, we simulate severe bottlenecks and subsequent selection on standing variation, mimicking adaptation after establishment of a new small population, such as an island or an artificial selection experiment. Using simulations of single loci under positive selection and population genetics theory, we examine how population size and age of the population isolate affect the ability of outlier scans for selection to identify adaptive alleles using both single‐site measures and haplotype structure. We find and explain an optimal combination of selection strength, starting frequency, and age of the adaptive allele, which we refer to as a Goldilocks zone, where adaptation is likely to occur and yet the adaptive variants are most likely to derive from a single ancestor (a ‘hard’ selective sweep); in this zone, four commonly used statistics detect selection with high power. Real‐world examples of both island colonization and experimental evolution studies are discussed. Our study provides concrete considerations to be made before embarking on whole‐genome sequencing of differentiated populations.
Adult‐onset atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor featuring long spindle cells with nuclear palisading and perivascular pseudorosettes
Authors: Horiguchi Hidehisa , Nakata Satoshi , Nobusawa Sumihito , Uyama Shinichi , Miyamoto Tadashi , Ueta Hiromi , Fujimoto Naomi , Yokoo Hideaki 
Published: June 2016

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) are rare malignant neoplasms of the CNS that preferentially affect young children. We herein report an adult case of AT/RT surviving for more than 5 years with the residual tumor. The patient, a 24‐year‐old man at onset, presented with a contrast‐enhancing mass lesion in the left occipital lobe, and underwent partial tumor resection. Histologically, the tumor was predominantly composed of long spindle cells exhibiting nuclear palisading and perivascular pseudorosettes, which appeared to mimic mesenchymal, ependymal and Schwann cell tumors. A small number of isolated rhabdoid cells did not initially attract attention, and a tentative pathological diagnosis of a malignant mesenchymal tumor was made. In a later examination focusing on the small areas of rhabdoid cells, the extensive loss of the nuclear expression of INI1 was detected in all areas. Diffuse staining with vimentin and focal immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane antigen and alpha smooth muscle actin were observed not only in AT/RT foci, but also in spindle cell areas. Thus, polyphenotypic immunoreactivity was evident. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a homozygous deletion of chromosome 22q covering the INI1 locus. Histopathological differences between infant and adult AT/RTs currently remain unclear. In the case of a malignant adult brain tumor showing a hardly classifiable morphology and immunophenotypic diversity, an analysis of the INI1 status may contribute to an accurate diagnosis.
Changes in problematic and disordered eating after gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding and vertical sleeve gastrectomy: a systematic review of pre‐post studies
Authors: Opozda M. , Chur‐Hansen A. , Wittert G. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryDespite differences in their mechanisms and outcomes, little is known about whether postsurgical changes in eating behaviours also differ by bariatric procedure. Following a systematic search, 23 studies on changes in binge eating disorder (BED) and related behaviours, bulimia nervosa and related behaviours, night eating syndrome, grazing and emotional eating after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB), adjustable gastric banding (AGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) were reviewed. Significant methodological problems and a dearth of literature regarding many behaviours and VSG were seen. Regarding BED and related behaviours, although later re‐increases were noted, short to medium‐term reductions after RYGB were common, and reported changes after AGB were inconsistent. Short to medium‐term reductions in emotional eating, and from a few studies, short to long‐term reductions in bulimic symptoms, were reported after RYGB. Reoccurrences and new occurrences of problem and disordered eating, especially BED and binge episodes, were apparent after RYGB and AGB. Further conclusions and comparisons could not be made because of limited or low‐quality evidence. Long‐term comparison studies of changes to problematic and disordered eating in RYGB, AGB and VSG patients are needed. It is currently unclear whether any bariatric procedure leads to long‐term improvement of any problematic or disordered eating behaviours.
Older adult awareness of the influence of cardiovascular disease risk factors on cognitive function
Authors: Wright Regina S. , Ford Cassandra , Sniscak Courtney R. 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aims of the current study were to (i) assess older people's awareness of the association between CVD risk factors and cognitive function; and (ii) examine whether awareness varies as a function of demographic factors.BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been linked to subtle deficits in cognitive function. CVD risk factors increase the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. The association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and cognitive decrements has been well documented among older people; however, we are unaware of any studies that have measured older people's awareness of this relationship in an effort to assess educational needs.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional survey design was employed.MethodsCommunity‐based older adults aged 60 and older completed a survey that assessed their knowledge of the association between CVD risk factors and cognitive function.ResultsOne hundred fifty older adults, with a mean age of 72.88 years, completed the survey. Results showed that over 75% of the sample was aware that CVD risk factors affect cognitive function. White older adults and older adults with greater perceived financial well‐being tended to be more aware of these relationships than non‐White participants with less perceived financial well‐being.ConclusionsResults suggest that many, but not all older people have awareness of this relationship. As such, there is a need for increased education about the cognitive effects of CVD risk factors, particularly among older people who are already at risk for developing CVD and those with lesser financial well‐being.Implications for PracticeAppropriate educational strategies can expose older patients to the importance of healthy lifestyle and self‐care to maintain cognitive function. Nurses can incorporate education into care by identifying patients that would benefit from tailored interventions and providing information to at‐risk patients about how to maintain their cognitive function through management of specific CVD risk factors.
A Rare Presentation of a Dermoid Cyst with Draining Sinus in a Child: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yan Chen , Low David W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOrbitofacial dermoid cysts in children are treated using surgical excision. Dermoid cysts of the frontotemporal region usually present as superficial, slow‐growing masses without deep extension. We report a rare case wherein a frontotemporal dermoid in a 21‐month‐old girl presented with a draining sinus tract to the skin and extended intracranially through the sphenoid bone. It was removed surgically and a dermoid cyst was removed from the frontotemporal region, extending superficially from the skin sinus tract through the sphenoid bone and attaching to the dura of the anterior temporal lobe. In addition to our case presentation, a literature review was performed to identify the few reported similar cases in the published literature, the combination of which suggests that frontotemporal dermoid cysts with associated draining sinus tracts may require preoperative imaging with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging before surgical intervention because of the high likelihood of intracranial extension.
Agminated Fibroblastic Conective Tissue Nevus: A New Clinical Presentation
Authors: Downey Camila , Requena Luis , Bagué Silvia , Sánchez Martínez Miquel Ángel , Lloreta Josep , Baselga Eulalia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractConnective tissue nevi are benign hamartomatous lesions in which one or several of the components of the dermis (collagen, elastin, glicosaminoglycans) show predominance or depletion. Recently, de Feraudy et al broadened the spectrum of connective tissue nevus, describing fibroblastic connective tissue nevus (FCTN), which is characterized by proliferation of CD34+ cells of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic lineage. Only solitary papules and nodules have been described. We present the first case of FCTN with multiple agminated lesions on the leg of an infant and the difficulties encountered in the differential diagnosis with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
Vibrational communication of the brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys)
Authors: Polajnar Jernej , Maistrello Lara , Bertarella Ambra , Mazzoni Valerio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCommunication with substrate‐borne vibrational signals is common in the family Pentatomidae, although this aspect of biology of the invasive pestHalyomorpha halysStål remains unexplored so far. In the present study, the behaviour of single animals and pairs is observed on a bean plant and a loudspeaker membrane at the same time as recording substrate vibrations with a laser vibrometer, with the aim of adding to the existing description of mating behaviour. The maleH. halysemit long, narrow‐band vibrational signals spontaneously to which the nearby females reply with their own vibrational signals, triggering male searching. During this phase, the insects emit two (in females) or three song types (in males) in various combinations, until they come into physical contact, after which the final male song type, characterized by tremulation, is the only kind of vibratory emission. Females never start singing spontaneously and the mating sequence does not proceed if either partner is silent. Male signals do not attract males or females and so vibrations are unlikely to play a role in maintaining the aggregations that are characteristic of this species, whereas female signals show promise for developing behavioural manipulation methods against this invasive pest.