bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ear ossicle morphology of the Jurassic euharamiyidan Arboroharamiya and evolution of mammalian middle ear
Authors: Meng Jin , Bi Shundong , Zheng Xiaoting , Wang Xiaoli 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe middle ear bones of Mesozoic mammals are rarely preserved as fossils and the morphology of these ossicles in the earliest mammals remains poorly known. Here, we report the stapes and incus of the euharamiyidan Arboroharamiya from the lower Upper Jurassic (∼160 Ma) of northern China, which represent the earliest known mammalian middle ear ossicles. Both bones are miniscule in relation to those in non‐mammalian cynodonts. The skull length/stapedial footplate diameter ratio is estimated as 51.74 and the stapes length as the percentage of the skull length is 4%; both numbers fall into the stapes size ranges of mammals. The stapes is “rod‐like” and has a large stapedial foramen. It is unique among mammaliaforms in having a distinct posterior process that is interpreted as for insertion of the stapedius muscle and homologized to the ossified proximal (stapedial) end of the interhyal, on which the stapedius muscle attached. The incus differs from the quadrate of non‐mammalian cynodonts such as morganucodontids in having small size and a slim short process. Along with lack of the postdentary trough and Meckelian groove on the medial surface of the dentary, the ossicles suggest development of the definitive mammalian middle ear (DMME) in Arboroharamiya. Among various higher‐level phylogenetic hypotheses of mammals, the one we preferred places “haramiyidans” within Mammalia. Given this phylogeny, development of the DMME took place once in the allotherian clade containing euharamiyidans and multituberculates, probably independent to those of monotremes and therians. Thus, the DMME has evolved at least three times independently in mammals. Alternative hypothesis that placed “haramiyidans” outside of Mammalia would require independent acquisition of the DMME in multituberculates and euharamiyidans as well as parallel evolution of numerous derived similarities in the dentition, occlusion pattern, mandibles, cranium, and postcranium between the two groups and between “haramiyidans” and other mammals. J. Morphol. 279:441–457, 2018. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rainfall variability over Zimbabwe and its relation to large‐scale atmosphere–ocean processes
Authors: Mamombe Vimbai , Kim WonMoo , Choi Yong‐Sang 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe relationship between interannual variability of Zimbabwe rainfall and atmosphere–ocean interaction processes is established using high‐resolution rainfall station datasets. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is used to extract the spatiotemporal modes that explain most of the variations in the rainfall pattern. Results suggest strong homogeneity in the rainfall pattern that is dominantly described by EOF mode 1. The correlation analysis of mode 1 with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) supports the assumption that El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a significant influence on Zimbabwe summer rainfall. Significant correlations exist between rainfall and SSTs over large regions of the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. The seasonal response of rainfall to the southern annular mode is reflected in both modes 1 and 2. Mode 1 suggests homogeneity in rainfall variations within the country and mode 2 describes the north–south rainfall fluctuations in the country. Although the magnitudes of their loadings are small, modes 3 and 4 extracted distinct rainfall regions within the country. This could be attributed to the use of more reliable, higher resolution rainfall data. These findings will assist to bring profound improvements to seasonal rainfall forecasting techniques around the country.
In vivo performance of an acellular disc‐like angle ply structure (DAPS) for total disc replacement in a small animal model
Authors: Martin John T. , Kim Dong Hwa , Milby Andrew H. , Pfeifer Christian G. , Smith Lachlan J. , Elliott Dawn M. , Smith Harvey E. , Mauck Robert L. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTTotal intervertebral disc replacement with a biologic engineered disc may be an alternative to spinal fusion for treating end‐stage disc disease. In previous work, we developed disc‐like angle ply structures (DAPS) that replicate the structure and function of the native disc and a rat tail model to evaluate DAPS in vivo. Here, we evaluated a strategy in which, after in vivo implantation, endogenous cells could colonize the acellular DAPS and form an extracellular matrix organized by the DAPS topographical template. To do so, acellular DAPS were implanted into the caudal spines of rats and evaluated over 12 weeks by mechanical testing, histology, and microcomputed tomography. An external fixation device was used to stabilize the implant site and various control groups were included to evaluate the effect of immobilization. There was robust tissue formation within the DAPS after implantation and compressive mechanical properties of the implant matched that of the native motion segment. Immobilization provided a stable site for fibrous tissue formation after either a discectomy or a DAPS implantation, but bony fusion eventually resulted, with segments showing intervertebral bridging after long‐term implantation, a process that was accelerated by the implanted DAPS. Thus, while compressive mechanical properties were replicated after DAPS implantation, methods to actively prevent fusion must be developed. Future work will focus on limiting fusion by remobilizing the motion segment after a period of integration, delivering pro‐chondrogenic factors, and pre‐seeding DAPS with cells prior to implantation. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:23–31, 2017.
Compost biofortification with diazotrophic and P‐solubilizing bacteria improves maturation process and P availability
Authors: Busato Jader G , Zandonadi Daniel B , Mól Alan R , Souza Rafaela S , Aguiar Kamilla P , Júnior Fábio B Reis , Olivares Fábio L 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhosphorus‐containing fertilizers play an important role in tropical agriculture owing to the well documented shortage of plant‐available P in soils. Traditional P fertilizer production is based on chemical processing of insoluble rock phosphate (RP), which includes an acid treatment at high temperature. Processing the RP increases fertilizer costs, making it unavailable for undercapitalized and typically family‐based farmers. Biotechnological methods have been proposed as an alternative to increase phosphate availability in RP. In this study, Burkholderia silvatlantica and Herbaspirillum seropedicae were co‐inoculated into an RP‐enriched compost with the aim of determining the effects of this technology on the levels of phosphatase activities and release of plant‐available P.RESULTSInoculation of both microorganisms resulted in higher organic matter decomposition and higher humic acid formation in composting. Herbaspirillum seropedicae was the most promising microorganism for the production of acid and alkaline phosphatase enzymes. Both microorganisms presented potential to increase the supply of P from poorly soluble sources owing to increased levels of water‐soluble P and citric acid P.CONCLUSIONBurkholderia silvatlantica and H. seropedicae in RP‐enriched compost may represent an important biotechnological tool to reduce the overall time required for composting and increase the supply of P from poorly soluble sources. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Broader outreach: Fad or future?
Authors: Williams Vicky 
Published: May 2016

Key points

Drivers to communicate research beyond the academy are increasing, but tension exists between traditional and new scholarly formats.
Removal of subscription barriers allows research to be accessed but does not make it accessible: language/tone/medium all play their part.
Research that is clearly communicated and promoted increases engagement significantly in both peer and non‐peer audiences.
To drive impact, creators and service providers need to work in partnership to extend the reach of the traditional scholarly record.
What causes peer review scams and how can they be prevented?
Authors: Kulkarni Sneha 
Published: May 2016

Key points

Peer review, the cornerstone of academic publishing, has come under a lot of criticism for its flaws and has been manipulated by both authors and editors.
Lack of review transparency is a contributing factor to peer review problems.
Pressure to publish – among authors and journals – is adding to peer review problems.
Technology can help maintain review integrity, although editorial vigilance remains key.
Utility of maximum perfusion intensity as an ultrasonographic marker of intraneural blood flow
Authors: Borire Adeniyi A. , Visser Leo H. , Padua Luca , Colebatch James G. , Huynh William , Simon Neil G. , Kiernan Matthew C. , Krishnan Arun V. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTWe quantified intraneural blood flow (INBF) using perfusion measurement software (PixelFlux), and compared it with the qualitative method of counting blood vessels (vessel score) in a cohort of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients. Methods: Forty‐seven patients (67 wrists) with a clinical and electrophysiological diagnosis of CTS, and 20 healthy controls (40 wrists) were enrolled. Median nerve ultrasound (US) was performed at the carpal tunnel inlet to measure the cross‐sectional area (CSA) and vessel score. Power Doppler sonograms from nerves with detectable INBF were processed with PixelFlux to obtain the maximum perfusion intensity (MPI). Results: Forty‐nine percent of CTS patients had detectable INBF compared with none in the control group (P < 0.0001). MPI correlated significantly with vessel score (r = 0.945, P < 0.0001), CSA (r = 0.613, P < 0.0001), and electrophysiological severity (r = 0.440, P < 0.0001). MPI had higher intra‐ or interobserver reliability compared with vessel score (0.95 vs. 0.47). Conclusion: MPI is a better method for quantification of INBF. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 55: 77–83, 2017
Updated Lagrangian/Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework for interaction between a compressible neo‐Hookean structure and an incompressible fluid
Authors: Murea Cornel Marius , Sy Soyibou 
Published: May 2016

SummaryWe propose a numerical method for a fluid–structure interaction problem. The material of the structure is homogeneous, isotropic, and it can be described by the compressible neo‐Hookean constitutive equation, while the fluid is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations. Our study does not use turbulence model. Updated Lagrangian method is used for the structure and fluid equations are written in Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian coordinates. One global moving mesh is employed for the fluid–structure domain, where the fluid–structure interface is an ‘interior boundary’ of the global mesh. At each time step, we solve a monolithic system of unknown velocity and pressure defined on the global mesh. The continuity of velocity at the interface is automatically satisfied, while the continuity of stress does not appear explicitly in the monolithic fluid–structure system. This method is very fast because at each time step, we solve only one linear system. This linear system was obtained by the linearization of the structure around the previous position in the updated Lagrangian formulation and by the employment of a linear convection term for the fluid. Numerical results are presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of post‐gastric bypass surgery hypoglycemia in nondiabetic individuals: A single center experience
Authors: Lee Clare J. , Wood G. Craig , Lazo Mariana , Brown Todd T. , Clark Jeanne M. , Still Christopher , Benotti Peter 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThe epidemiology of post‐gastric bypass surgery hypoglycemia (PGBH) is incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of PGBH among nondiabetic patients and associated factors.MethodsA cohort study of nondiabetic patients who underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) was conducted. PGBH was defined by any postoperative record of glucose < 60 mg/dL, diagnosis of hypoglycemia, or any medication use for treatment of PGBH. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was used to describe PGBH occurrence, log‐rank tests, and Cox regression to examine associated factors.ResultsOf the 1,206 eligible patients, 86% were female with mean age of 43.7 years, mean preoperative BMI of 48.7 kg/m2, and a mean follow‐up of 4.8 years. The cumulative incidence of hypoglycemia at 1 and 5 years post‐RYGB was 2.7% and 13.3%, respectively. Incidence of PGBH was identified in 158 patients and was associated with lower preoperative BMI (P = 0.048), lower preoperative HbA1c (P = 0.012), and higher 6‐month percent of excess body weight loss (%EWL) (P = 0.001). A lower preoperative HbA1c (HR = 1.73, P = 0.0034) and higher 6‐month %EWL (HR = 1.96, P = 0.0074) remained independently correlated with increased risk for PGBH in multi‐regression analysis.ConclusionsThe 5‐year incidence of PGBH among nondiabetic individuals was 13.3% and was associated with a lower preoperative HbA1c and greater weight loss at 6 months following surgery.
LLDPE films containing monoester of oleic acid grafted to silica particles as durable antifog additives
Authors: Rosen‐Kligvasser Jasmine , Suckeveriene Ran Y. , Tchoudakov Roza , Narkis Moshe 
Published: May 2016

Antifog additives (AF) are incorporated into polymeric systems to improve their wettability. When added to a polyethylene (PE) film, the AF molecules migrate to the films' surface and their concentration decreases; over time the additive's effect desists. Extended additives' performance is necessary to avoid frequent substitution of PE films for different applications (e.g. greenhouses coverings), as a result, reducing plastics' waste and contributing to environmental sustainability.This paper presents a simple, low cost, one‐step reaction to create durable AF for PE films, as well as a thorough study of AF migration rate, fog activity, and film properties. Films are prepared by compression‐molding (laboratory scale) and cast‐extrusion (pilot scale). FTIR (Fourier Transform IR) and TGA (Thermal Gravimetric Analysis) measurements confirm the existence of AF grafted particles. Aging tests depict a significant decrease of the AF migration rate. An evaluation test procedure for AF performance shows an extended duration of the AF's activity; the cast‐extrusion films exhibit improved AF durability, compared with the compression‐molded films. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility of Home‐Based Computerized Working Memory Training With Children and Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Hardy Steven J. , Hardy Kristina K. , Schatz Jeffrey C. , Thompson Amanda L. , Meier Emily R. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk for neurocognitive deficits, yet the literature describing interventions to ameliorate these problems and promote academic achievement is limited. We evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a home‐based computerized working memory (WM) training intervention (Cogmed) in children with SCD.ProcedureYouth with SCD between the age of 7 and 16 years completed an initial neuropsychological assessment; those with WM deficits were loaned an iPad on which they accessed Cogmed at home. Participants were instructed to work on Cogmed 5 days each week for 5 weeks (25 training sessions). We examined Cogmed usage characteristics and change on WM assessment scores following the intervention.ResultsOf the 21 participants (M age = 11.38, SD = 2.78; Mdn age = 10.00, interquartile range [IQR] = 5.00; 52% female) screened, 60% exhibited WM deficits (n = 12) and received the intervention and 50% (n = 6) completed Cogmed. The mean number of sessions completed was 15.83 (SD = 7.73; Mdn = 17.00, IQR = 16.00); females were more likely to complete Cogmed, χ2(1) = 6.00, P = 0.01. Participants who reported lower SCD‐related pain impact completed more sessions (r = 0.71, P = 0.01). Children who completed Cogmed exhibited improvements in verbal WM, visuospatial short‐term memory, and visuospatial WM.ConclusionsInitial findings suggest Cogmed is associated with WM improvement in youth with SCD; however, adherence was lower than expected. Home‐based WM interventions may ameliorate SCD‐related WM deficits but strategies are needed to address barriers to program completion.
The relevance of experiential avoidance in breast cancer distress: insights from a psychological group intervention
Authors: Aguirre‐Camacho Aldo , Pelletier Guy , González‐Márquez Ana , Blanco‐Donoso Luis M. , García‐Borreguero Paula , Moreno‐Jiménez Bernardo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundResearch on the implication of experiential avoidance in the aetiology and maintenance of diverse forms of psychopathology has grown considerably over the last 10 years. However, the potential contribution of experiential avoidance to cancer‐related distress has received limited attention. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to examine the association between experiential avoidance, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and quality of life (QoL) during the course of a psychological group intervention for women with breast cancer.MethodsFifty‐four women with breast cancer participated in a psychological group intervention designed to reduce distress and improve QoL. Participants completed measures of experiential avoidance, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and QoL upon the first and last sessions.ResultsA path analysis revealed that, after controlling for baseline measures, smaller reductions in experiential avoidance during the course of the intervention predicted smaller reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Also, experiential avoidance had a negative indirect effect on QoL via depressive symptoms.ConclusionsExperiential avoidance may perpetuate the emotional problems commonly found in women with breast cancer and attenuate improvements associated with participation in psychological interventions. Implications for clinical practice in psycho‐oncology are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive event‐triggering scheme for networked interconnected control system with stochastic uncertainty
Authors: Gu Zhou , Shi Peng , Yue Dong 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis paper investigates the problem of adaptive event‐triggering scheme for networked interconnected systems to relieve the burden of the network bandwidth. The data releasing is triggered by an adaptive event‐triggering device. The triggering condition depends on the state information at both the latest releasing instant and the current sampling instant. The threshold of the triggering parameter is achieved online rather than a predetermined constant. Taking the network‐induced delays and the coupling delays of the subsystems into account, together with the hybrid adaptive event‐triggering scheme and the stochastic uncertainty, we propose an unified model of the networked interconnected system. Sufficient conditions for the mean square stability and stabilization of the interconnected systems are developed by using Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional approach. A co‐designed method is put forward to obtain the controller gains and the weight of the triggering condition simultaneously. Finally, an example is provided to demonstrate the design method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New occurrences of tetrapod ichnotaxa from the Permian Orobic Basin (Northern Italy) and critical discussion of the age of the ichnoassociation
Authors: Marchetti Lorenzo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe late Cisuralian (Artinskian–Kungurian) is a key time interval for Permian tetrapod evolution. In all the main low‐latitude Pangean sites, the fossil footprint record clearly shows a diversification and dispersal of non‐synapsid amniote tracks compared to the early Cisuralian (Asselian–Sakmarian). However, data on latest Cisuralian (i.e. late Kungurian) sites are quite fragmentary. A new ichnotaxonomic study was carried out in the central part of the Orobic Basin, where the highly‐fossiliferous Pizzo del Diavolo formation crops out and can potentially cover this gap in knowledge. The following tetrapod ichnogenera were identified: Amphisauropus, Batrachichnus, cf. Dimetropus, Dromopus, Erpetopus, Hyloidichnus, Limnopus, cf. Merifontichnus and Varanopus; they can be attributed to seymouriamorph and temnospondyl amphibians; pelycosaur synapsids; and diapsid, parareptile and captorhinid reptiles. Dimetropus and Merifontichnus are identified for the first time in the Permian of Italy. The ichnoassociation, in agreement with the radiometric dating of the underlying Cabianca formation, suggests a late Kungurian (latest Cisuralian) age for the Pizzo del Diavolo formation. It includes the youngest and most diverse non‐synapsid amniote ichnofauna of the Cisuralian with five different ichnogenera and possibly six ichnospecies, and thus constitutes a key area for the study of eureptile and parareptile dispersal at low latitudes of Pangaea in the time span that immediately pre‐dates the first therapsid synapsid radiation.
Ego‐resiliency development from late adolescence to emerging adulthood: A ten‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Alessandri Guido , Eisenberg Nancy , Vecchione Michele , Caprara Gian Vittorio , Milioni Michela 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis study examined the development of ego‐resiliency from late adolescence to emerging adulthood, using a 10‐year cohort‐sequential design. Participants were 335 Italian adolescents (173 females and 162 males), living, at the time of the study, in Genzano, a small city near to Rome. Latent growth curve analyses indicated that the developmental trajectory of ego‐resiliency from 15 to 25 years is adequately described by a piecewise model that included separate growth profiles corresponding to different developmental stages. Essentially, ego‐resiliency remained remarkably stable until the end of high school, and then encountered a phase of relative increase. Moreover, the trajectory of ego‐resiliency from ages 15 to 19 was predicted by self‐efficacy beliefs in managing negative emotions, and the trajectory from age 19 to 25 was predicted by experienced familial support and self‐efficacy beliefs in expressing positive emotions at age 15. Experienced stressful life events also accounted for individuals' deviation from the typical ego‐resiliency trajectory.