bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maxillary bone cysts in two horses: Diagnosis and treatment including intralesional formalin injection
Authors: van Delft T. V. A. F. , Pollaris E. , Gielen I. , Vanderperren K. , Tuerlinckx L. , Vlaminck L. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryCystic lesions are not very common in the horse. When occurring in the equine skull, they are mainly located in the paranasal sinuses, but occasionally lesions in the maxillary bone and mandible have been reported. The expansive character of these cystic lesions necessitates surgical treatment. The conventional surgical treatment of cystic lesions usually involves drainage, surgical excision and curettage of the cystic wall and all abnormal tissue. This case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of maxillary bone cysts in two cases. Due to the anatomical location of the bone cysts in the presented cases, excision and extensive curettage would have caused considerable collateral damage to important structures. For this reason, the surgical treatment was performed minimally invasively, including intralesional injection with 10% formalin solution, after which the lesions were flushed with saline solution.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate ameliorates intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and matrix metalloproteinase‐9
Authors: Zhang Mei , Xu Meimei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 are involved in many illnesses affecting pregnant women, including intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), a serious liver abnormality during pregnancy. Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) has been widely reported to inhibit activities of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. We aimed to investigate the role of EGCG in ameliorating ICP symptoms in a rat model. Using 17α‐ethinylestradiol to induce ICP in pregnant rats, we investigated the efficacy of EGCG administration on ICP symptoms, including bile flow rate, total bile acids (TBA) and MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 activities. Correlation study was conducted among levels of the two MMPs with other ICP symptoms. In ICP rats, activities of both MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were significantly elevated. EGCG administration could inhibit the upregulation of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 post‐transcriptionally. Furthermore, EGCG ameliorated ICP symptoms, as evidenced by restored bile flow rate and TBA, showing efficient treatment outcomes. At last, levels of TBA and the two MMPs were found to be strongly correlated. Our study demonstrates that, for the first time, the efficacy of EGCG in ameliorating ICP symptoms by inhibiting both MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, which supports its potential as a novel drug in ameliorating ICP.
Offspring desertion and parental care in the Whiskered TernChlidonias hybrida
Authors: Ledwoń Mateusz , Neubauer Grzegorz 
Published: May 2017

In species with biparental care, a conflict of interest can arise if one mate tries to maximize its own reproductive success at the expense of the other's. One of the mates can desert the brood to accrue a number of benefits to enhance its own fitness, leaving parental care to the remaining parent. This study is the first to describe the desertion pattern in a tern species (Sternidae). We investigated offspring desertion in the Whiskered TernChlidonias hybrida, a species with semi‐precocial chicks. Offspring desertion was recorded in 52% of nests prior to fledging (n = 131 nests). Females also deserted during the post‐fledging period. Of the deserters, 97% were females. Desertions started when chicks were 5 days old and no longer required intense brooding. Desertions before fledging did not affect fledging success. Provisioning rates between pair members differed, and females supplied much less food than males. Female provisioning rate affected the chances of nest desertion significantly: daily desertion rates were lower when females supplied more food. After females had deserted, males increased their provisioning rates but compensated for the loss of female care only partly in two‐ and three‐chick broods. Only in small (one‐chick) broods was compensation full. We conclude that male and female Whiskered Terns adopt different reproductive strategies in the population studied here. Females invest much less in parental care than males, providing less food and deserting more frequently. Given the ready availability of food and low predation pressure, benefits appear to accrue to females that desert; selection forces may therefore not be acting against female desertion.
Mechanical behavior of SiC joints brazed using an active Ag‐Cu‐In‐Ti braze at elevated temperatures
Authors: Moszner Frank , Mata‐Osoro Gustavo , Chiodi Mirco , Janczak‐Rusch Jolanta , Blugan Gurdial , Kuebler Jakob 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe behavior of SiC ceramic joints brazed with commercially available Incusil ABA (Ag‐32.25Cu‐12.5In‐1.25Ti, in wt.%) was characterized especially with respect to the mechanical performance at temperatures up to 550°C using four‐point bending and torsional shear tests. The failure mechanisms with changing temperature were investigated with the aid of fractography. Additionally, the microstructure of brazed specimens was characterized in detail by high resolution scanning electron microscopy. The test geometry and setup for the high temperature torsional shear test is presented. The change in mechanical behavior of the joints as a function of temperature is shown and discussed. The brazed joints interestingly showed that flexural bending strength was maintained with only a small decrease up to 300°C. Above 300°C, the bending strength decreased much faster. For the first time, this joint system was characterized in torsional shear test at temperatures up to 550°C to achieve the intrinsic shear strength values. Very strong joints were achieved, resulting in failure through the ceramic base materials up to (torsional shear) testing temperatures of 400°C. The results indicate that SiC joints brazed with Incusil ABA exhibit excellent mechanical performance for applications up to 300°C.
Thermoelectric transport properties of Sn1−xGexSe (x=0‐0.03) prepared by melting synthesis method
Authors: Gao Junling , Shao Ziming , Xu Guiying 
Published: May 2017

AbstractP‐type Sn1−xGexSe (x=0‐0.03) polycrystals were prepared through direct melting synthesis method. The composition and microstructure of the samples were analyzed, and the thermoelectric transport properties were investigated in temperatures ranging from 303 to 773 K. The results indicate that the electrical conductivity decreases as Ge content increases. A significant improvement was found for the Seebeck coefficient. The maximal value of 647 μV/K was achieved at 473 K for the sample of Sn0.97Ge0.03Se. The Hall transport properties result indicates that the carrier concentration decreases with Ge content increasing at room temperature. In addition, the total thermal conductivities (κtot) of all samples decrease with rising temperature.
Development of optical grade (TbxY1−x)3Al5O12 ceramics as Faraday rotator material
Authors: Aung Yan Lin , Ikesue Akio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSuper full dense (TbxY1−x)3Al5O12 (x=0.5‐1.0) ceramics with optical grade (pore‐free) were successfully produced by solid‐state reaction between Tb4O7 and Al2O3 raw powders. Transparent sintered bodies were obtained by sintering at 1720°C for 5 hours in vacuum furnace. By additional HIP treatment, optical scattering centers were effectively removed, and finally the optical quality of the sintered bodies was improved to optical grade. Optical loss of the obtained samples at 1064 nm was approximately 0.1%/cm, and optically inhomogeneous parts were not observed inside the materials. Gaussian mode laser beam quality was not deteriorated after passing through the sample. Transmitted wavefront distortion inspected by interferometry was as excellent as λ/12. Verdet constant increased with an increase of Tb content in the garnet composition. When x=1.0, the Verdet constant was 307, 196, and 60 rad T−1 m−1 for 532, 633, and 1064 nm, respectively, at each measuring wavelength. These values were about 1.5 times higher than that of the commercially available TGG (Tb3Ga3O12) crystal. Insertion loss of the produced (Tb0.6Y0.4)3Al5O12 and TAG ceramics at 1064 nm was 0.01 and 0.05 dB, respectively, and extinction ratio was 39.5 and 40.3 dB, respectively. These properties were superior to that of the commercial high‐quality TGG single crystal (insertion loss: 0.05 dB, extinction ratio: 35.0 dB).
Addition of enamel matrix derivatives to bone substitutes for the treatment of intrabony defects: A systematic review, meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Troiano Giuseppe , Laino Luigi , Zhurakivska Khrystyna , Cicciù Marco , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Lo Russo Lucio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimIn order to enhance clinical improvement of intrabony defects, the addition of enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) to bone substitues (BS) has been investigated. The aim of this systematic review is to figure out whether such a combination, in comparison to the treatment with BS alone has beneficial effects on the following outcomes: clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing depth (PD) reduction and recession (REC).MethodsElectronic databases (PUBMED, SCOPUS, EBSCO Host Research Databases and Web of Knowledge) were searched for randomized controlled trials in humans addressing the use of a combination of BS and EMD versus a control group with BS alone for the treatment of intrabony defects, with a minimum of 6 months of follow‐up; meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis were then performed.ResultsFrom a total of 1,197 records screened by title and abstract, nine studies were read full‐text and five out of them included in the meta‐analysis. No significant differences have been demonstrated both for CAL gain, PD reduction and REC between test and control groups.ConclusionsIn the treatment of intrabony defects, the addition of EMD to BS seems to be not beneficial in terms of CAL gain, PD reduction and REC changes. However, such results should be considered with caution because of the small number of studies included in the meta‐analysis and their heterogeneity.
Antibodies against H1N1 influenza virus cross‐react with α‐cells of pancreatic islets
Authors: Qi Zongli , Hu Hanyu , Wang Zhihua , Wang Guanghua , Li Yan , Zhao Xiangrong , Feng Yangmeng , Huo Xueping , Sun Jingying , Feng Qing , Liu Yang , Wang Nana , Guo Chunyan , Li Yuan , Wang Ruian , Hu Jun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEpidemiological studies have documented that the incidence of human type 1 diabetes was significantly increased after H1N1 epidemic. However, a direct link between human type 1 diabetes and virus infection remains elusive. We generated 84 clones of murine monoclonal antibodies against the H1N1, and carried out immunohistochemistry in normal human tissue microarray. The results showed that two clones specifically cross‐reacted with human α‐cells of pancreatic islets. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing showed that the amino acid sequences of light and heavy chains of these clones were different. Importantly, the expression profiles of two monoclonal antibodies were individual different. For the first time, we provide direct evidence that monoclonal antibodies against H1N1 can cross‐react with human pancreas α‐cells, another source of β‐cells, suggesting α‐cells might be a novel target to be investigated in diabetes research.
Temporal and regional onset of leptin resistance in diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Rizwan M. Z. , Mehlitz S. , Grattan D. R. , Tups A. 
Published: May 2017

In common forms of obesity, leptin fails to convey its regulatory effect. This so called “leptin resistance” is not well understood, and solving this puzzle is a key to understanding how obesity develops. In the present study, we investigated the temporal and regional onset of leptin resistance in response to a diet enriched with long‐chain saturated fatty acids (high‐fat diet; HFD) in mice. Mice were exposed to either a low‐fat diet (LFD) or a HFD for 4 hours, 24 hours, 10 days and 28 days. Mice in each group received an i.p. injection of either phosphate‐buffered saline or leptin and the number of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (pSTAT3) immunoreactive (‐IR) cells in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) and dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH) was analysed 30 or 120 minutes after treatment. In the ARC, as soon as 24 hours of HFD, the molecular leptin response was reduced by 40% (P≤.01). Compared to at 24 hours, after 10 days, the number of leptin‐induced pSTAT3‐IR cells was elevated after 120 minutes, suggesting a sustained response and a partial return of leptin sensitivity. After 28 days, leptin failed to induce the number of pSTAT3‐IR over control levels, suggesting a markedly reduced sensitivity to leptin. In the VMH after 24 hours, we observed a 50% reduction in leptin‐induced pSTAT‐3‐IR cells, followed by a further decline after 10 days. However, after 28 days, there was a significant increase in pSTAT‐3‐IR cells (P≤.05), indicating partial recovery of leptin sensitivity. By contrast to these two regions, in the DMH, no loss of leptin sensitivity was observed at any time‐point. These findings demonstrate that a loss of sensitivity to leptin occurs rapidly after exposure to HFD in the ARC and VMH but not the DMH. However, there appears to be a biphasic pattern of leptin responsiveness, with a partial return of leptin sensitivity occurring after 10 days in the arcuate nucleus, and after 28 days in the VMH. By 28 days, the response to leptin in the arcuate nucleus was completely lost. These findings suggest that the molecular responses to leptin are altered after high‐fat feeding in a time‐ and region‐specific manner.
Normalization of timed neuropsychological tests with the PATA rate and nine‐hole pegboard tests
Authors: Saccà Francesco , Costabile Teresa , Abate Filomena , Liguori Agnese , Paciello Francesca , Pane Chiara , De Rosa Anna , Manganelli Fiore , De Michele Giuseppe , Filla Alessandro 
Published: May 2017

IntroductionDespite neurological patients show frequent physical impairment, timed neuropsychological tests do not take this into account during scoring procedures.ObjectiveWe propose a normalization method based on the PATA Rate Task (PRT) and on the nine‐hole pegboard test (9HPT) as a measure of dysarthria and upper limb dysfunction.MethodsWe tested 65 healthy controls on timed neuropsychological tests (Attentional Matrices [AM], Trail Making Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Verbal Fluencies) to determine the time spent on phonation or on hand movement during test execution. We developed correction formulas to normalize test times considering the patient's PRT/9HPT, their normality limits, and the test timing. We tested the method on 24 patients with Friedreich Ataxia (FRDA), as a model of motor and speech impairment.ResultsIn healthy controls, phonation or hand movement is 13.5–61.7% of total test time. In FRDA patients, the effect of normalization improved all test results (range: 0.51–48.4%; p < .001). FRDA patients had worst scores in all tests when compared to controls, and the difference remained significant after correction except for the AM. At the individual level, the normalization method improved equivalent scores with fever patients showing impaired scores after correction.ConclusionsWe propose an innovative normalization method to reduce the impact of neurological disability on timed neuropsychological tests. This could be easily integrated in a clinical setting, as it requires a simple preliminary test with the PRT and 9HPT.
Cytological and cytomorphometric evaluation of the oral mucosa in HIV‐infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Alves Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira , Lima Carta Celina Faig , Brandão Adriana Aigotti Haberbeck , Furtado Juvencio José Duailibe , Marcucci Marcelo , Almeida Janete Dias 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundTo evaluate HIV infection‐induced alterations in the oral mucosa by comparing inflammation, cell maturation, and cytomorphometric changes in oral mucosal cells between HIV‐infected patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and non‐HIV‐infected patients.MethodsThirty HIV‐infected patients undergoing HAART and 30 non‐HIV‐infected patients were studied. Four smears were obtained from the lateral border of the tongue and floor of the mouth with a cytobrush. One sample was stained by the Papanicolaou technique, and three samples were processed for Feulgen staining. Papanicolaou‐stained smears were analyzed by light microscopy, and the cytoplasmic (CA) and nuclear (NA) area were measured with the Software AxioVision 4.7.ResultsThe Wilcoxon signed‐rank test showed a significant difference in intermediate epithelial cell types between the HIV‐infected and non‐HIV‐infected groups (P=.005). However, this difference was not observed for superficial epithelial cell types with (P=.672) and without a nucleus (P=.069). Comparative analysis revealed no significant difference in CA (P=.604), NA (P=.298) or NA/CA (P=.456) between the HIV‐infected and non‐HIV‐infected groups. Keratohyalin granules were more frequent in the non‐HIV‐infected group (P=.0001).ConclusionsThe results showed alterations in cell maturation in HIV‐infected patients undergoing HAART with undetectable viral load, but no morphometric changes were observed.
Genomic analysis of a cardinalfish with larval homing potential reveals genetic admixture in the Okinawa Islands
Authors: Gould A. L. , Dunlap P. V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDiscrepancies between potential and observed dispersal distances of reef fish indicate the need for a better understanding of the influence of larval behaviour on recruitment and dispersal. Population genetic studies can provide insight on the degree to which populations are connected, and the development of restriction site‐associated sequencing (RAD‐Seq) methods has made such studies of nonmodel organisms more accessible. We applied double‐digest RAD‐Seq methods to test for population differentiation in the coral reef‐dwelling cardinalfish, Siphamia tubifer, which based on behavioural studies, have the potential to use navigational cues to return to natal reefs. Analysis of 11,836 SNPs from fish collected at coral reefs in Okinawa, Japan, from eleven locations over 3 years reveals little genetic differentiation between groups of S. tubifer at spatial scales from 2 to 140 km and between years at one location: pairwise FST values were between 0.0116 and 0.0214. These results suggest that the Kuroshio Current largely influences larval dispersal in the region, and in contrast to expectations based on studies of other cardinalfishes, there is no evidence of population structure for S. tubifer at the spatial scales examined. However, analyses of outlier loci putatively under selection reveal patterns of temporal differentiation that indicate high population turnover and variable larval supply from divergent source populations between years. These findings highlight the need for more studies of fishes across various geographic regions that also examine temporal patterns of genetic differentiation to better understand the potential connections between early life‐history traits and connectivity of reef fish populations.
Directiveness in psychotherapy: A phenomenological‐narrative study of therapist attitudes
Authors: Rautalinko Erik 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThis study of directiveness draws on the literature on patient–therapist matching, neutrality, and resistance. Our aim was to investigate how psychotherapists conceptualize directiveness as an attitude, with a focus on pantheoretical aspects of directiveness.Design and methodsOur data are narratives from 18 interviews with psychotherapists of different theoretical orientations (cognitive‐behavioural, family‐systems, humanistic‐experiential, and psychodynamic), and from focus‐group discussions with six other psychotherapists.ResultsThe analysis yielded four general themes: expression of directiveness (behaviour, agency, structure), its presence (depending on phase of and goals for therapy), its positive and negative outcomes (for patients and therapists, respectively), and therapist awareness (initial and shifting, depending on theoretical orientation).ConclusionsDirectiveness may be construed as an attitude. It supposedly increases via certain responses, but only a few of these are considered positive by therapists at large. Directiveness may be more present in early and late phases of therapy, and more warranted with patients that function poorly. There are both positive and negative outcomes of directiveness, but therapists are more prone to disclose the former.Practitioner points

Therapist directiveness supposedly increases via advice, questions, clarifications, steering to topics, goal setting, self‐disclosure, and session management. Directiveness is seen as more present in early and late phases of therapy.

Directing is more warranted with patients who function poorly. Possible positive outcomes of directiveness are clarity, feeling of security, and saving time; negative outcomes are decrease of agency, increase of resistance, and less patient self‐attribution of improvement.

It is unlikely that therapists disclose adverse directive behaviours. Those who do, attribute them to psychotherapy structure if their attitudes are negative, and to personal choice if they are positive. This may hamper therapists managing their own level of directiveness.
Inflation pressures and times during initial resuscitation in preterm infants
Authors: Bhat Prashanth , Hunt Katie , Harris Christopher , Murthy Vadivelam , Milner Anthony D , Greenough Anne 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal combination of inflation pressures and times to produce adequate expiratory tidal volumes during initial resuscitation in prematurely born infants has not been determined. The aim of this study was therefore to assess combinations of inflation pressures and times and the resulting expiratory tidal volume levels using a respiratory function monitor.MethodsSixty‐four infants born before 34 weeks of gestation were studied. The infants were divided according to whether the inflation pressure (peak inflation pressure minus positive end expiratory pressure) was < or ≥20 cmH2O during the first five inflations delivered by a face mask, and those groups were then subdivided according to whether the inflation time was < or ≥1.5 s.ResultsInflation pressure ≥20 cmH2O compared with lower pressure at both inflation times produced significantly higher expiratory tidal volume. Longer compared with shorter inflation times when the inflation pressure was ≥20 cmH2O resulted in no significant difference in expiratory tidal volume. At <20 cmH2O inflation pressure, longer inflation time overall resulted in higher end tidal volume, but the majority of infants had a tidal volume less than the anatomical dead space.ConclusionsAt higher inflation pressure, a longer inflation time was not necessary to increase expiratory tidal volume.