bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Curcumin
Authors: De Paz Campos Marco Antonio 
Published: December 2017

Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the herbal remedy and dietary spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) used by men in the exage as medicinal remedy and spice. In the last decades the curcumin has been an object of multiple studies in vitro and in vivo that have established the scientific bases of their numerous therapeutic activities, emphasizing their powerful anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and antioxidant properties. In the present work a revision of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action is made that include the inhibition of several cell signalling pathways at multiple levels and downregulates cellular enzyme like cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and nitric oxide synthase. Also the preclinical and clinical studies that have been carried out in this aspect are mentioned, the support, safety and efficiency of the curcumin used with analgesic and antiinflammatory purposes.
Erythroderma caused by vancomycin in children: concentration and speed of infusion
Authors: Luna Álvarez José F. , Gómez Vázquez Mónica , Moreno González Ana L. , Melchor Hernández Aldo , Escamilla-Acosta Marco A. , Romo-Hernández Georgina 
Published: December 2017

Vancomycin is an antibiotic glycopeptide that was isolated of the Streptomyces orientalis. It was introduced in the clinical practice for treatment of infections caused by staphylococcus in which other antibiotics were proving to be ineffective. In this retrospective study, we determine its prescription, clinical characteristics as well as the factors that favor the apparition of the erythroderma or red-man syndrome in a paediatric hospital. Forty patients to which physicians administer vancomycin and presented erythroderma were evaluated. Male gender was more predominated, with a total of 25 cases (62.5 %). The average age was of 12 ± 6 years. We identified two main factors that are directly related to the appearance of erythroderma. On one hand, the "concentration of the drug", which is related to the dilution that it is realized when a dose of vancomycin is going to be administered to the patient and on the other hand the “time or speed of infusion”. In the present study, it was found a low incident of this adverse reaction and few cases of complications.
Circumferential dural resection technique and reconstruction for the removal of giant calcified transdural herniated thoracic discs
Authors: Walker Corey T. , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Oppenlander Mark E. , Godzik Jakub , Martirosyan Nikolay L. , Standerfer Robert J. , Theodore Nicholas 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVEThe authors report a novel paradigm for resection of the disc or dural complex to treat giant calcified transdural herniated thoracic discs, and they describe a technique for the repair of dural defects. These herniated thoracic discs are uncommon, complicated lesions that often require a multidisciplinary team for effective treatment. The intradural component must be removed to effectively decompress the spinal cord. The opening of the friable dura mater, which frequently adheres to the extradural component of the disc, can result in large defects and difficult-to-manage CSF leaks.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective study of the technique and outcomes in patients with a transdural herniated disc treated at St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center within a 4-year period between 2012 and 2015.RESULTSDuring the study period, 7 patients (mean age 56.1 years) presented to the department of neurosurgery with clinical symptoms consistent with myeloradiculopathy. In all cases, 2-level corpectomies of the involved levels were combined with circumferential resection of the dura and complete decompression of the spinal cord. The dural defect was repaired with an onlay dural patch, and a large piece of AlloDerm (LifeCell Corp) graft was sewn to close the pleural defect. Every patient had a perioperative lumbar drain placed for CSF diversion. No patient suffered neurological decline related to the surgery, and 3 patients experienced clinically significant improvement in function. Two patients developed an early postoperative CSF leak that required operative revision to oversew the defects.CONCLUSIONSThis novel technique for decompression of the spinal cord by dural resection for the removal of giant calcified transdural herniated thoracic discs is safe and results in excellent decompression of the spinal cord. The technique becomes necessary when primary repair of the dura is not possible, and it can be used in cases in which the resection of pathology includes the dura.
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery with an extradural origin from the V3 segment: higher incidence on the nondominant vertebral artery
Authors: Isaji Taiki , Yasuda Muneyoshi , Kawaguchi Reo , Aoyama Masahiro , Niwa Aichi , Nakura Takahiro , Matsuo Naoki , Takayasu Masakazu 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVEThe posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and the vertebral artery (VA) often exhibit anatomical variations at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). An example of this is the PICA originating extradurally from the V3 segment of the VA. To date, some cadaveric investigations have been reported, but the incidence and relationship of this variation to the VA and the atlas as observed on clinical imaging have not been discussed. This study evaluated the prevalence of PICAs originating from the V3 on CT scanning. Other variations of the atlas and VA were also analyzed.METHODSCT images from a series of 153 patients who underwent 3D CT angiography (CTA) were analyzed, and variations of the PICA, VA, and atlas were investigated.RESULTSA total of 142 patients (284 sides) were analyzed; 11 patients (7.2%) were excluded due to poor image quality. The most common VA variation was the PICA originating from V3 (9.5% of 284 sides), which was more frequently observed on the nondominant VA than the dominant VA (22.5% vs 6.25%, p = 0.0005). A VA with a PICA end was identified in 4 sides (1.4%), which is the same incidence as observed in the persistent first intersegmental VA (1.4%). VA fenestration was only found in 1 side (0.35%). Regarding the atlas, ponticulus posticus was observed in 24 sides (8.5%). There was no relationship between the incidence of ponticulus posticus and the variations of the VA.CONCLUSIONSA PICA originating from V3 was the most common VA variation at the CVJ and was more common on the nondominant VA. Three-dimensional CTA is useful for the evaluation of this variance. Surgeons should be mindful of this variation during operations.
Electrocorticography and the early maturation of high-frequency suppression within the default mode network
Authors: Weaver Kurt E. , Poliakov Andrew , Novotny Edward J. , Olson Jared D. , Grabowski Thomas J. , Ojemann Jeffrey G. 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVEThe acquisition and refinement of cognitive and behavioral skills during development is associated with the maturation of various brain oscillatory activities. Most developmental investigations have identified distinct patterns of low-frequency electrophysiological activity that are characteristic of various behavioral milestones. In this investigation, the authors focused on the cross-sectional developmental properties of high-frequency spectral power from the brain’s default mode network (DMN) during goal-directed behavior.METHODSThe authors contrasted regionally specific, time-evolving high gamma power (HGP) in the lateral DMN cortex between 3 young children (age range 3–6 years) and 3 adults by use of electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings over the left perisylvian cortex during a picture-naming task.RESULTSAcross all participants, a nearly identical and consistent response suppression of HGP, which is a functional signature of the DMN, was observed during task performance recordings acquired from ECoG electrodes placed over the lateral DMN cortex. This finding provides evidence of relatively early maturation of the DMN. Furthermore, only HGP relative to evoked alpha and beta band power showed this level of consistency across all participants.CONCLUSIONSRegionally specific, task-evoked suppression of the high-frequency components of the cortical power spectrum is established early in brain development, and this response may reflect the early maturation of specific cognitive and/or computational mechanisms.
Oil and Emerging Conflict Dynamics in the Ateker Cluster: The Case of Turkana, Kenya
Authors: Agade Kennedy Mkutu 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Resource wealth is linked to conflict, particularly where institutions are weak. This may occur through a number of mechanisms, including grievances of communities over inequality and threatened livelihoods, exacerbated by resource extraction. This article looks at the early stages of oil exploration moving towards extraction in Turkana county, Kenya, which is part of the wider conflict-prone pastoralist Ateker cluster. It argues that resource extraction is already a source of conflict on several levels in the county and could, together with other factors, potentiate armed conflict or crime and violence on a larger scale. Moreover, the livelihood needs of pastoralists is a crucial recurring theme throughout.
Dynamics of gaps, vegetation, and plant species with and without fire
Authors: Menges Eric S. , Crate Sarah J. H. , Quintana‐Ascencio Pedro F. 
Published: December 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Areas lacking dominant plants, or gaps, can support high diversity and specialist species. Previous chronosequence research in Florida rosemary scrub showed indistinct gap area patterns with fire and the dependence of certain species on gaps. We hypothesized that fire and gap size would affect extinction, colonization, diversity, and vegetation composition.METHODS:In 2011–12, we revisited gaps first sampled in 2003, recording vascular plant and ground lichen occurrence by species, gap area, and burn history. We analyzed gap, vegetation, and species dynamics using linear mixed models, with Florida rosemary scrub patch as a random factor.KEY RESULTS:Gap areas declined quickly during the first 10 yr postfire and then stabilized. Between 2003 and 2011–12, unburned gaps usually remained extant or split, whereas burned gaps usually merged. Unburned gaps tended to shrink, whereas burned gaps became larger. Species richness was positively related to gap area, fire, and their interaction. Over time, richness declined in unburned gaps and increased in burned gaps. Local extinction and colonization of individual species were related to fire between 2003 and 2011–12. In burned gaps, ground lichens disappeared, but many herbaceous species, including those killed by fire, increased occupancy. Colonization of most species was favored by burning, large gaps, or both.CONCLUSIONS:In Florida rosemary scrub, fire and increasing gap size increased species richness and many individual species occurrences, reduced local extinctions, and increased colonizations. Therefore, land management activities that encourage the creation and maintenance of large gaps will promote biodiversity in this system.
Heurs et malheurs de l’histoire universelle
Authors: Dogan Salih 
Published: December 2017

De l’effervescence intellectuelle qu’a connue le xix	e , les philosophies sociales de Comte, Spencer et Cournot avaient toutes en commun de proposer une classification sur le modèle des sciences de la nature. Ces trois œuvres ont marqué, de leur esprit encyclopédique, l’acte fondateur des sciences sociales en même temps qu’ils ont fourni un cadre général permettant à la fois de dépasser les limites de la sociologie actuelle et de penser de manière globale le devenir des sociétés. Le rejet des philosophies de l’histoire au xx	e siècle a fait perdre de vue ce que ces synthèses – ainsi que les classifications à travers elles –, permettaient lorsqu’elles coordonnaient plusieurs processus afin de rendre l’histoire intelligible. L’émergence de cette « philosophie de l’histoire universelle » ne correspondait certes pas à une histoire universelle à la manière des anciennes chroniques, ni à l’image de l’« histoire mondiale » actuelle mais dans la mesure où elle fournissait des schèmes de pensée, nous tenterons de montrer qu’elle permettait d’ordonnancer le fait social au sein de sa matrice historique.
Inventorier et inventer la société. Constantin Pecqueur (1801-1887) : expertise sociale et processus de socialisation
Authors: Coste Clément 
Published: December 2017

Le premier socialisme se confond avec la naissance d’une pré-sociologie, physiologie, physique ou « science sociale ». Ses représentants éminents sont souvent désignés comme étant Saint-Simon, Auguste Comte et Philippe Buchez, via la diffusion du journal Le Producteur . La volonté d’opérer le passage de la physiologie individuelle à la physiologie sociale est en effet une caractéristique essentielle du saint-simonisme. Parmi les jeunes saint-simoniens du moment 1825-1832 figure le méconnu Constantin Pecqueur (1801-1887). S’il ne fréquente pas longtemps la famille saint-simonienne, lui reprochant en particulier son aporie politique, l’œuvre postérieure de Pecqueur témoigne d’une volonté évidente de s’inscrire dans ce mouvement d’édification d’une science sociale capable de rivaliser avec l’économie politique. À l’image de toute cette tradition émergente, l’œuvre de Pecqueur ne respecte pas la séparation entre connaissance et pratique , science et politique . Au contraire, elle témoigne d’une volonté d’élaborer un système de connaissances sur la société qui soit capable de nourrir un projet politique. Comprendre la société du xix e siècle permet de « spéculer » son avenir, rêver cet avenir permet de rénover son actualité.
Brentano et la France
Authors: Fisette Denis , Fréchette Guillaume 
Published: December 2017

Cette introduction rappelle les différentes étapes de la diffusion en France des idées de Franz Brentano : d’abord reconnue, notamment dans la Revue philosophique de Ribot, pour ses contributions psychologiques, l’œuvre de Brentano a trouvé un écho dans les écrits de son beau-frère, le sociologue et philosophe Théophile Funck-Brentano. Le rôle joué dans ce processus par Étienne et Lucie Gilson est aussi mis en lumière.
Brentano on Phenomenal Unity and Holism
Authors: Dainton Barry 
Published: December 2017

On explore deux voies possibles pour défendre la thèse brentanienne du holisme phénoménal, c’est-à-dire l’unité de différents actes mentaux co-présents : la première repose sur la notion d’interdépendance phénoménale, mais se révèle à l’examen incohérente ; la seconde, fondée sur la perception interne et selon laquelle celle-ci permet à la représentation du tout complet unifié de faire partie du caractère phénoménal de chacune des représentations individuelles, renforce doublement la thèse brentanienne du holisme phénoménal.
Performance of an Ocean Buoyancy Glider in a Coastal Region: Application to the Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone
Authors: Ramey Elizabeth , DiMarco Steven F. , Dreger Karen , Zimmerle Heather M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Gulf of Mexico Coastal Hypoxia Glider Experiment was designed to assess the feasibility of using ocean glider technology in the coastal hypoxic zone of the northern Gulf of Mexico in Summer/Fall 2014. The objectives were (1) to coordinate and operate multiple
autonomous buoyancy ocean gliders in depths less than 50 m and (2) to determine how close to the bottom gliders can reliably reach without making contact. Strong vertical and horizontal stratification gradients, strong coastal currents, and the low-oxygen conditions that occur within
the lower water column characterize the coastal area of the northern Gulf of Mexico. These environmental conditions combine with the presence of more than 5,000 surface piercing oil/gas structures to make piloting and navigation in the region challenging. We quantify glider performance to
assess the usefulness of buoyancy gliders to address the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Action Plan goal to monitor the spatial extent, duration, and severity of the Gulf hypoxic zone. We find that the gliders, despite the operational challenges, were consistently able to
travel from the surface to the oxygen-depleted depths of subpycnocline waters, that is, within 2 m of the ocean bottom. Our assessment is that gliders are able to provide real-time observations suitable to monitor coastal hypoxia.
Implementing a Multicomponent Intervention to Prevent Delirium Among Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Martínez Felipe , Donoso Ana María , Marquez Carla , Labarca Eduardo 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND
Delirium is common among the critically ill. Nonpharmacologic interventions are reportedly effective in reducing incident delirium, but limited data specific to this population exist.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the efficacy and describe the implementation strategy of a multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in an intensive care unit.

METHODS
A before-and-after study was conducted in an intensive care unit between May 2014 through August 2015. Adult participants were enrolled consecutively, excluding only those who refused to participate. Tailored interventions took available evidence into consideration. Components included early mobilization, physical therapy, reorientation, cognitive stimulation, drug reviews, environmental stimulation, avoidance of sensory deprivation, pain control, restraint use avoidance, and family participation. Incident delirium was assessed twice daily using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit. Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for confounders.

RESULTS
The study included 227 patients (54.7% male; mean [SD] age, 63.3 [18.3] years). Our strategy significantly reduced delirium (from 38% to 24%; relative risk, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40–0.94; P = .02), an association that remained significant after adjusting for confounders. Adherence rates were more than 85% in all intervention domains (except daily reorientation) that were overseen by health care providers.

CONCLUSIONs
The strategy was successful in reducing delirium. Self-removals of invasive implements decreased, an observation that has not been previously described. No difference in mortality rate was seen, as has been reported in other studies. Early participation of the whole team, shared leadership, and the provision of concrete tasks were key to the success of this multicomponent intervention.
Clinical Time Required and Internal Adaptation in Cavities restored with Bulk-fill Composites
Authors: Rego Guilherme Ferreira , Schneider Luis Felipe Jochims , Vianna-de-Pinho Marcos Gabriel , Vidal Marina Lermenn , Alonso Roberta Caroline Bruschi , Cavalcante Larissa Maria 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study was to compare the restorative time required and the internal adaptation after thermomechanical aging of class I restorations using either the conventional incremental technique or bulk-fill technique.

Materials and methods
Cavities (Class I) were prepared on the occlusal surface of human third molars. 40 teeth were divided into four experimental groups according to the restorative technique (n = 10): G1 = 3 mm increment of Surefill SDR Flow + 1 mm Filtek P60; G2 = 3 mm increment of Filtek Bulk-Fill + 1 mm Filtek P60; G3 = Filtek P60 inserted with incremental technique; G4 = 3 mm increment of Filtek Z350 Flow XT + 1 mm increment of Filtek P60. The required restorative clinical time for each technique was marked. Specimens were submitted to thermomechanical loading (20,000 mechanical cycles—80 N/thermal cycling—5/55°C for 30 seconds). After, samples were sectioned, ratio of internal gaps to interface length (%) was recorded using dye-staining-gap technique. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (95% significance).

Results
There was no significant difference in gap formation and none of the groups was completely gap-free. However, a significant reduction on required restorative clinical time was observed for G1 (167 ± 7 seconds), G2 (169 ± 4 seconds), and G4 (169 ± 8 seconds) when compared with G3 (204 ± 8 seconds).

Conclusion
No significant difference in gap formation was found among bulk-fill and conventional incremental restorative technique tested; however, the use of a bulk-fill composite reduced 20% of the required restorative clinical time.

Clinical significance
None of the restorative techniques applied were able to prevent internal gap formation. The use of bulk-fill composite reduced the required clinical time to perform class I restorations.

How to cite this article
Vianna-de-Pinho MG, Rego GF, Vidal ML, Alonso RCB, Schneider LFJ, Cavalcante LM. Clinical Time Required and Internal Adaptation in Cavities restored with Bulkfill Composites. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1107-1111.
In vitro Assessment of Influence of Various Bleaching Protocols on the Strength of Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets bonded to Bleached Tooth Surface: A Comparative Study
Authors: Goutam Manish , Iska Divya , Singh Madhvi , Chitumalla Rajkiran , Balasubramanian Sai C Bala 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionEsthetics is one of the common issues because of which patients consult dental orthodontic treatment. Two ways of tooth bleaching are available these days, which includes in-office bleach and home bleach. Various bleaching protocols are available these days for treating the tooth surfaces. Hence, we planned the present study for investigating the impact of various intracoronal bleaching protocols on shear bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded to tooth surface after bleaching.Materials and methodsThe present study included assessment of 100 extracted maxillary central incisors with the integrated buccal surface. A resin block was made and individual teeth were embedded in each block. Root canal therapy procedure was performed in all the teeth, after which 2 mm short of tooth apex up to the level of cementoenamel junction, removal of the root canal filling was done. All the samples were broadly divided into four study groups with 25 samples in each group. Bleaching procedure was carried in all the samples intracoronally followed by testing of shear bond strength using universal force testing machine. Following the modified adhesive remnant index (AI), assessment of remaining adhesive on the brackets was done. All the results were compiled and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.0.ResultsIn the control group, mean shear bond strength was found to be 17.9 MPa. While comparing the carbamide peroxide (CP) group with sodium perborate study group, we observed a statistically significant difference. Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the shear bond strength in between sodium perborate group and hydrogen peroxide (HP) group.ConclusionIntracoronal bleaching does affect the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets. Sodium perborate bleaching influences shear bond strength more strongly than other bleaching agents such as CP and HP.Clinical significanceIn patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, HP is a preferred agent where bleaching has to be followed by orthodontic bonding to the tooth surface.How to cite this articleIska D, Devanna R, Singh M, Chitumalla R, Balasubramanian SCB, Goutam M.In vitroAssessment of Influence of Various Bleaching Protocols on the Strength of Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets bonded to Bleached Tooth Surface: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12): 1181-1184.