bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective 1,2‐Difunctionalization of Dienes Enabled by Chiral Palladium Complex‐Catalyzed Cascade Arylation/Allylic Alkylation Reaction.
Authors: Wu Xiang , Lin Hua‐Chen , Li Ming‐Li , Li Lu‐Lu , Han Zhi‐Yong , Gong Liu‐Zhu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe title reaction is best carried out with 5 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: para‐Selective C—H Amidation of Simple Arenes with Nitriles.
Authors: Xiang Shi‐Kai , Li Jin‐Mei , Huang He , Feng Chun , Ni Hai‐Liang , Chen Xiao‐Zhen , Wang Bi‐Qin , Zhao Ke‐Qing , Hu Ping , Redshaw Carl 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the presence of 1.5 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Cyanation of Arylzinc Halides with N‐Cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐methylbenzenesulfonamide (NCTS).
Authors: Cai Yingxiao , Qian Xin , Rerat Alice , Auffrant Audrey , Gosmini Corinne 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe cobalt catalyst can be used for the synthesis of the intermediate organozinc species and for the coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Catalytic Oxidative Thioesterification Approach to α‐Ketothioesters.
Authors: Mupparapu Nagaraju , Khushwaha Manoj , Gupta Ajai Prakash , Singh Parvinder Pal , Ahmed Qazi Naveed 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis is the first method for the reaction of arylglyoxals with alkylthiols under metal‐free conditions to give the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable and Reusable NiCl2(PPh3)2/CuI/PEG‐400/H2O System for the Sonogashira Coupling Reaction of Aryl Iodides with Alkynes.
Authors: Wei Ting , Zhang Tingli , Huang Bin , Tuo Yuxin , Cai Mingzhong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA stable and highly efficient catalyst system consisting of NiCl2(PPh3)2/CuI is used for the Sonogashira reaction of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes which is carried out in a mixture of polyethylene glycol and water with K2CO3 as base to afford a variety of arylacetylenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Radical Transfer Based Modular Approach to Enantiopure Alkylidene‐β‐prolines from N‐(tert‐Butylsulfinyl)‐α‐(aminomethyl)acrylates.
Authors: Beniazza Redouane , Romain Elise , Chemla Fabrice , Ferreira Franck , Jackowski Olivier , Perez‐Luna Alejandro 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA modular entry to enantiopure (E)‐2‐substituted 3‐alkylideneprolines is disclosed in 5 or 6 steps from tert‐butanesulfinamide.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Aminooxygenation of Alkenes for Preparation of Isoindolinones.
Authors: Kou Xuezhen , Li Yu , Wu Liang , Zhang Xinghua , Yang Guoqiang , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA series of functionalized alkenes is treated with excess carboxylic acid including amino acids (X) in the presence of molecular oxygen under conditions A) (oxidation mechanism).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Formation of N‐Heteroarenes from Nitroarenes Using Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl as the Source of Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: Zhou Fei , Wang Duo‐Sheng , Driver Tom G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractConditions A) are found to be optimal for the preparation of various substituted indoles and some carbazole or imidazole components.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Oxygen Atom Transfer from Oxaziridine to Oxindole Derivatives with Chiral Phenanthroline.
Authors: Naganawa Yuki , Aoyama Tomotaka , Nishiyama Hisao 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn asymmetric oxygen atom transfer of oxindole derivatives using Davis′ oxaziridine gives the corresponding 3‐aryl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindole derivatives with excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tryptophans by Alkylation of Chiral Glycine Enolate Equivalents with Quaternary Gramines.
Authors: Reinfelds Matiss , Kalinins Konstantins , Katkevica Dace , Zemribo Ronalds , Katkevics Martins 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA general method for the synthesis of enantiopure tryptophan derivatives with good overall yields is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalised Tetrahydrocarbazoles via an Organocatalyzed Diels—Alder/ene Reaction Strategy.
Authors: Cowell Joseph , Harrington Ross W. , Probert Michael R. , Hall Michael J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFunctionalized tetrahydrocarbazoles (VI) and (VIII) are synthesized through an enantioselective Diels—Alder reaction of 3‐vinylindole (I) with maleimide (II) in combination with an in situ N‐protection.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective [3 + 2] Carbocyclization of Indole‐Derived Imines and Electron‐Rich Alkenes: A Divergent Synthesis of Cyclopenta[b]indole or Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Galvan Alicia , Calleja Jonas , Gonzalez‐Perez Adan B. , Alvarez Rosana , de Lera Angel R. , Fananas Francisco J. , Rodriguez Felix 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIndolecarboxaldehydes, anilines, and electron‐rich alkenes are coupled affording either cyclopentaindoles via a new anti—Povarov pathway or tetrahydroquinolines via the conventional Povarov pathway depending on the Broensted acid catalyst used.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Vinylation and N‐Allylation of 3,5‐Disubstituted Pyrazoles by N—H Insertion of Vinylcarbenoids.
Authors: Gill Agagia , Werz Udo R. , Maas Gerhard 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe rhodium‐catalyzed reactions of methyl styryl‐diazoacetate or dimethyl 2‐diazoglutaconate with the title pyrazoles lead to product mixtures as a result of the regioselectivity issues of the pyrazole or the vinylcarbenoid moiety as well as positional and configurational isomerism due to the C=C double bond of the latter.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Novel Dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline‐5,6‐diones.
Authors: Dang Thi Tuyet Anh , Decuyper Lena , Thi Phuong Hoang , Vu Ngoc Doan , Thanh Nguyen Ha , Thanh Nguyen Tra , Do Huy Thanh , Huy Nguyen Hung , D'hooghe Matthias , Van Nguyen Tuyen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTitle compounds by efficiently synthesized using a one‐pot multicomponent reaction of naphthoquinone (I), methylhydrazine, and a variety of aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Preparation of 5‐Halomethyl‐2‐oxazolines via PhI(OAc)2‐Promoted Intramolecular Halooxygenation of N‐Allylcarboxamides.
Authors: Liu Gong‐Qing , Yang Chun‐Hua , Li Yue‐Ming 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTrimethylsilyl bromide and chloride give the respective 5‐bromo/chloro‐methyl‐2‐aryloxazolines in similar yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferric Perchlorate‐Mediated One‐Step Reaction of [60]Fullerene with Primary Amides for the Synthesis of Fullerooxazoles.
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Feng , Li Fa‐Bao , Shi Ji‐Long , Wu Jun , Liu Li 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe facile one‐step reaction of C60 with primary amides promoted by cheap and easily available Fe(ClO4)3 affords a series of interesting fullerooxazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkene‐Directed N‐Attack Chemoselectivity in the Gold‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1]‐Annulations of 1,6‐Enynes with N‐Hydroxyanilines.
Authors: Huple Deepak B. , Mokar Bhanudas D. , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGold‐catalyzed reaction of 1,6‐enynes with N‐hydroxylamines generates trisubstituted nitrone intermediates which are trapped by the internal alkene to give bi‐ or polycyclic isoxazolines stereospecifically.
ChemInform Abstract: A New General Synthesis of Annulated 1,2,3‐Triazoles Using Tandem Sonogashira‐CuAAC Reaction.
Authors: Rakshit Moumita , Kar Gandhi K. , Chakrabarty Manas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSeveral classes of fused triazole derivatives are efficiently synthesized by Sonogashira coupling followed by copper‐catalyzed azide alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction in a one‐pot two‐step procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Assisted Regioselective Synthesis of Aminomethylated Daidzein Derivatives via Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Yuan Jin‐Wei , Yang Liang‐Ru , Mai Wen‐Peng , Mao Pu , Wang Fan , Xue Ying , Xiao Yong‐Mei , Qu Ling‐Bo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCompared to parallel reactions with conventional heating, ultrasound irradiation accelerates the reaction rate and improves the yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Controlled Regiodivergent C1 Insertion on Arynes for Construction of Phenanthridinone and Acridone Alkaloids.
Authors: Feng Minghao , Tang Bingqing , Wang Nengzhong , Xu Hong‐Xi , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed reactions of in situ generated arynes with o‐iodoanilines in the presence of carbon monoxide are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution/C—H Activation/Aromatization Cascade Reaction: One Approach to Construct 6‐Unsubstituted Phenanthridines.
Authors: Han Wenyong , Zhou Xiaojian , Yang Siyi , Xiang Guangyan , Cui Baodong , Chen Yongzheng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe title cascade reaction between N‐mesylanilines and 2‐bromobenzyl bromides gives the title compounds in good to high yields and is applied to the synthesis of natural alkaloid trisphaeridine (Xb).
ChemInform Abstract: Aminocatalyzed Cascade Synthesis of Enantioenriched 1,7‐Annulated Indoles from Indole‐7‐carbaldehyde Derivatives and α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Giardinetti Maxime , Moreau Xavier , Coeffard Vincent , Greck Christine 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe title reaction under conditions A) produces the desired heterocyclic scaffolds as fluorescent key units of natural substances and pharmaceutical agents.
ChemInform Abstract: A Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Reaction to Construct Functionalized Indolizinones.
Authors: Hu Ben‐Quan , Wang Li‐Xia , Shen Gang , Tang Ya‐Lin , Yang Luo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe indolizinones are synthesized from pyridine ketones and terminal alkynes following a propargylation/cyclization/1,2‐migration sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent in the Solid‐State Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Pundeer Rashmi , Sushma Sushma 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe title pyrimidinones are obtained by solvent‐free grinding of various aromatic aldehydes with ethyl acetoacetate, urea, and Koser′s reagent followed by short heating.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Pyrimidines via Iminium Catalyzed [4 + 2] Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones with 1,3,5‐Triazines.
Authors: Yang Gongming , Chen Lei , Wang Jian , Jia Qianfa , Wei Jia , Du Zhiyun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn iminium‐catalyzed Diels—Alder reaction of 1,3,5‐triazines with α,β‐unsaturated ketones is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Powdered Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose as Biomass‐Derived Support for Phosphotungstic Acid: New Solid Acidic Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Li Shaokang , Zhang Qianqian , Peng Yanqing 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTungstophosphoric acid anchored on powdered diethylaminoethyl cellulose appears to be a useful acidic catalyst for the synthesis of dihydroquinazolinones via three‐component reaction of isatoic anhydride with aryl aldehydes and amines (or ammonium carbonate).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Solvent Free Synthesis of Tertiary α‐Aminophosphonates Using H2Ti3O7 Nanotubes as a Reusable Solid‐Acid Catalyst.
Authors: Reddy Bhoomireddy Rajendra Prasad , Reddy Peddiahgari Vasu Govardhana , Reddy Bijivemula N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTitle compounds are simply and environmentally friendly synthesized by Kabachnik—Fields reaction using protonated trititanate nanotubes as highly active recyclable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinardokanshones A and B, Two Unique Sesquiterpene Dimers from the Roots and Rhizomes of Nardostachys chinensis.
Authors: Wu Hong‐Hua , Chen Ying‐Peng , Ying Shu‐Song , Zhang Peng , Xu Yan‐Tong , Gao Xiu‐Mei , Zhu Yan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe structures of dinardokanshone A (I) and dinardokanshone B (II) are revealed by extensive spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configurations are established by reported rules and computational electronic circular dichroism (ECD) method.
ChemInform Abstract: Interrupted Pummerer Reaction in Latent‐Active Glycosylation: Glycosyl Donors with a Recyclable and Regenerative Leaving Group.
Authors: Wan Qian , et al.  
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe active glycosyl donor (I) and various acceptors are treated with triflic anhydride affording the desired glycosides in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors from the Fungus Aspergillus terreus 3.05358.
Authors: Shan Wei‐Guang , Wu Zhao‐Ying , Pang Wei‐Wei , Ma Lie‐Feng , Ying You‐Min , Zhan Zha‐Jun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA new diketopiperazine alkaloid, amauromine B (I), is isolated along with three known meroterpenoids and two known steroids from the title fungus.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Carotenoid, 9Z,9′Z‐Tetrahydroastaxanthin (I), from the Sea Cucumber Plesiocolochirus minutus
Authors: Maoka Takashi , Nakachi Syu , Kobayashi Ryouhei , Mori Miho , Sakagami Yoshikazu 
Published: March 2016

Abstractisolation and structure elucidation
ChemInform Abstract: A Common Precursor Approach to Structurally Diverse Natural Products: The Synthesis of the Core Structure of (.+‐.)‐Clausenamide and the Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Hyalodendrin.
Authors: Szulc Blanka R. , Sil Bruno C. , Ruiz Arnaud , Hilton Stephen T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe core structure of (.+‐.)‐clausenamide (I) and (.+‐.)‐hyalodendrin (II) are synthesized from a common synthetic precursor based on a phenylalanine derivative in good yield by simple variation of the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Secalonic Acid E.
Authors: Ganapathy Dhandapani , Reiner Johannes R. , Loeffler Lorenz E. , Ma Ling , Gnanaprakasam Boopathy , Niepoetter Benedikt , Koehne Ingo , Tietze Lutz F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSecalonic acid E is obtained in 18 steps using a Wacker‐type cyclization of a methoxyphenolic compound for the construction of a chiral chroman.
ChemInform Abstract: Noble Metal‐Iron Oxide Hybrid Nanomaterials: Emerging Applications
Authors: Leung Ken Cham‐Fai , Xuan Shouhu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractReview: [focusing on the synthesis of nanomaterials from noble metal (e.g., Au, Ag, Pd) and iron oxide (Fe3O4) hybrids and applications such as theranostics, gene delivery, biosensing, cell sorting, bioseparation, and catalysis; 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review on the Explosive Consolidation Methods to Fabricate Tungsten Based PFMs
Authors: Wang Shuming , Sun Chongxiao , Guo Wenhao , Yan Qingzhi , Zhou Zhangjian , Zhang Yingchun , Shen Weiping , Ge Changchun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractReview: PFM: plasma facing material; 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Emitters: Photophysics, Materials and Biological Applications
Authors: Li Kai , Ming Tong Glenna So , Wan Qingyun , Cheng Gang , Tong Wai‐Yip , Ang Wai‐Hung , Kwong Wai‐Lun , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: March 2016

AbstractReview: 150 refs.
Boundary Layers and Incompressible Navier‐Stokes‐Fourier Limit of the Boltzmann Equation in Bounded Domain I
Authors: Jiang Ning , Masmoudi Nader 
Published: March 2016

We establish the incompressible Navier‐Stokes‐Fourier limit for solutions to the Boltzmann equation with a general cutoff collision kernel in a bounded domain. Appropriately scaled families of DiPerna‐Lions(‐Mischler) renormalized solutions with Maxwell reflection boundary conditions are shown to have fluctuations that converge as the Knudsen number goes to 0. Every limit point is a weak solution to the Navier‐Stokes‐Fourier system with different types of boundary conditions depending on the ratio between the accommodation coefficient and the Knudsen number. The main new result of the paper is that this convergence is strong in the case of the Dirichlet boundary condition. Indeed, we prove that the acoustic waves are damped immediately; namely, they are damped in a boundary layer in time. This damping is due to the presence of viscous and kinetic boundary layers in space. As a consequence, we also justify the first correction to the infinitesimal Maxwellian that one obtains from the Chapman‐Enskog expansion with Navier‐Stokes scaling.This extends the work of Golse and Saint‐Raymond [20,21] and Levermore and Masmoudi [28] to the case of a bounded domain. The case of a bounded domain was considered by Masmoudi and Saint‐Raymond [34] for the linear Stokes‐Fourier limit and Saint‐Raymond [41] for the Navier‐Stokes limit for hard potential kernels. Neither [34] nor [41] studied the damping of the acoustic waves. This paper extends the result of [34,41] to the nonlinear case and includes soft potential kernels. More importantly, for the Dirichlet boundary condition, this work strengthens the convergence so as to make the boundary layer visible. This answers an open problem proposed by Ukai [46]. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subcarrier Allocation and Cooperative Partner Selection Based on Nash Bargaining Game for Physical Layer Security in OFDM Wireless Networks
Authors: Huang Shuanglin , Jing Aixia , Tan Jianjun , Xu Jian 
Published: March 2016

SummaryMost orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) cooperative schemes in wireless communication system are poor in secure transmission. Based on the Nash bargaining game (NBG), this paper presents a method of OFDM system cooperative scheme restricted in physical layer security. In the model, each wireless node can act as not only a source node, but also a potential relay node. The sub‐carrier allocation problem among selfish nodes is formulated as a two‐persons bargaining game to guarantee fairness. It is proved that the Nash bargaining solution (NBS) of sub‐carriers allocation is existence of unique Nash equilibrium. Based on the bargaining algorithm and the Hungarian method, a multiple‐users partner selection algorithm is proposed in this paper. Simulation results indicate that the subcarrier allocation fairness is dependent on how much rate increase its partner can make. The proposed partner selection algorithm based on the Hungarian method can improve the overall secrecy rate of the network. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A distributed load balancing algorithm for climate big data processing over a multi‐core CPU cluster
Authors: Wang Yuzhu , Jiang Jinrong , Ye Huang , He Juanxiong 
Published: March 2016

SummaryLoad imbalance is a common problem to be tackled urgently in large scale data‐driven simulation systems or data intensive computing. According to the coupler, the Chinese Academy of Sciences‐Earth System Model (CAS‐ESM) implements one‐way nesting of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences Atmospheric General Circulation Model version 4.0 (IAP AGCM4.0) and Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). The METGRID (meteorological grid) and REAL program modules in the WRF are used to process meteorological data. In the CAS‐ESM, the load of the METGRID module is seriously unbalanced on many CPU cores. The load imbalance has a serious impact on the processing speed of meteorological data, so this study designs an optimization algorithm to solve the problem. Numerical experiments show that compared to before optimization, the optimization algorithm can solve the load imbalance of the METGRID, and the computation speed of the METGRID and REAL modules after optimization on 64 CPU cores is about 7.2 times faster than before. Meanwhile, the whole computation speed of the CAS‐ESM can improve by 217.53%. In addition, results indicate that they also can reach to a similar speedup on different numbers of CPU cores. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular and Interfacial Calculations of Iron(II) Light Harvesters
Authors: Fredin Lisa A. , Wärnmark Kenneth , Sundström Villy , Persson Petter 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIron–carbene complexes show considerable promise as earth‐abundant light‐harvesters, and adsorption onto nanostructured TiO2 is a crucial step for developing solar energy applications. Intrinsic electron injection capabilities of such promising FeII N‐heterocyclic complexes (Fe‐NHC) to TiO2 are calculated here, and found to correlate well with recent experimental findings of highly efficient interfacial injection. First, we examine the special bonding characteristics of Fe‐NHC light harvesters. The excited‐state surfaces are examined using density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) to explore relaxed excited‐state properties. Finally, by relaxing an Fe‐NHC adsorbed on a TiO2 nanocluster, we show favorable injection properties in terms of interfacial energy level alignment and electronic coupling suitable for efficient electron injection of excited electrons from the Fe complex into the TiO2 conduction band on ∼100 fs time scales.
Towards a Consistent Interpretation of Electro‐osmotic Drag in Polymer Electrolyte Membranes
Authors: Berg P. , Stornes M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn many experimental studies of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs), the electro‐osmotic drag coefficient is a property of primary interest. When protons are the only type of mobile ion present in the system, the coefficient is typically defined as the ratio between the molar water flux and the molar proton flux across the PEM. While most, if not all, experimental results suggest a value of order one, experimentalists have yet to arrive at a consensus regarding its exact value for a specific PEM at specific operating conditions. One reason for the variance in reported results could lie in the misinterpretation of the electro‐osmotic drag. This contribution uses physical models to clarify what a consistent definition and measurement of electro‐osmotic drag coefficients entails, thereby providing guidance for experimental studies of these membranes.
The association between hippocampal volume and life events in healthy twins
Authors: Bootsman Florian , Kemner Sanne M. , Hillegers Manon H. J. , Brouwer Rachel M. , Vonk Ronald , van der Schot Astrid C. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E. , Nolen Willem A. , Kahn René S. , van Haren Neeltje E. M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTHippocampal volume deficits have been linked to life stress. However, the degree to which genes and environment influence the association between hippocampal volume and life events is largely unknown. In total, 123 healthy twins from monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 57 healthy twins were interviewed with the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS), with an overlap of 54 twins undergoing both MRI and the life events interview. Hippocampal volumes were segmented with Freesurfer software. Data were analyzed with OpenMx software. Smaller hippocampal volume was associated with higher severe life event load (rph= −0.39), where shared environmental factors influencing both measures fully explained the association. Hippocampal volume was not associated with total or mild life event load. Hippocampal volume showed high heritability (range, h2: 57%–81%) whereas life event measures were influenced by shared (c2) and unique (e2) environmental factors only (range, c2:40%–64%, e2: 36%–60%). The results suggested that shared environmental factors influenced the relationship between smaller hippocampal volume and severe (but not mild) stress. This indicated that particularly severe life events that were shared between twins were associated with smaller hippocampal volume. Furthermore, it is suggested to distinguish between mild and severe life events in life event research. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.