bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarker characteristics of oils from Garmian Oil Fields and potential Jurassic source rocks, Kurdistan,NE Iraq: implications for oil–oil and oil-source rocks correlation.
Authors: Saeed Diyar , Mohialdeen Ibrahim 
Published: July 2017

The Middle Jurassic Sargelu Formation in Sangaw North -1 (SwN-1) borehole, Sangaw
North Block, Garmian area, Kurdistan region, was used for geochemical analyses. Two
crude oils from PLK-8 and Sarqala-1 wells in Pulkhana and Sarqala oil fields, one
condensate from KM-3 well in Kor Mor gas field and seepage oil from ChiaSurkh oil
field were chosen for organic geochemistry investigation, oil-oil and oil-source rocks
correlation. Tectonically, the study area is located in the southeastern part of the Foothill
Zone in Zagros Fold Belt. The biomarkers ratios and molecular compound distributions
showed that the oils, condensate and rock extracted sample of Sargelu Formation were derived
from marine carbonate source rocks bearing marine algae and kerogen type II that deposited under
reducing condition. Low presence of gammacerane indicated normal salinity condition
during the depositions. The GC-FID traces of oils and condensate showed lack of any
remarkable biodegradation, but rock-extracted of Sargelu Formations is strongly
contaminated by polyethylene glycol according to the GC-FID chromatogram.
Compositional similarity of sterane, hopane, isopernoid and n-alkane compounds among
the crude oils and crude oils with extracted sample of Sargelu Formation suggested that
the oils might be sourced from the same or similar source rocks that deposited under
similar conditions. On the other hand, Sargelu Formation is supposed to be one of the
sources of the generated crude oils. However, the maturity-related parameters showed no
similarity between the crude oils and extracted sample of Sargelu Formation.
Using Crushed Limestone Rocks in Sports Field Rootzones at Different Levels of Bulk Density
Authors: Fattah Mohammed 
Published: July 2017

Most parks and sports fields are built using native type soils that generally contain excess
clay and silt contents. Problems associated with these soil types include: easily
compacted, poor drainage, low water infiltration, low nutrient availability, and reduced
root growth. Various methods have been used to modify these soils by mixing it with
sand and other amendments, due to shortage of natural sand in many parts of the world
and conserving natural resources, it is necessary to find alternative materials; crushed
limestone sand can be identified as an alternative natural sand in making good quality
sport field mixture.To assess the possibility of using crushed limestone rocks and to establish a successful
sports field mixture, (700, 270 and 30 g kg-1) of crushed limestone sand, native soil, andpeatmoss,
respectively on mass basis were mixed.
Some parameters that are related tosoil mixture of sport field were studied: stability,
saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), maximum water holding capacity (MWHC),
and each of water holding capacity (WHC) against the gravity and penetration resistance
(PRE) of mixture over time were measured at different bulk densities (1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 Mg m-3).
To select the best bulk density (ρb) at constructed sports field rootzones, the coefficient of determination (R2)
between ρb and each of the studied parameters were determined which were strong
relation among them. This finding suggests that ρb may control problems during making
soil mixture. In this research the best ρb of mixture are ranged from 1.417 to 1.510 Mg
m-3 at which sports field soil provided good stability, good drain, and the quality of the
playing surface well recognized in unfavorable weather conditions.
Comparison between Vertical-Horizontal and Horizontal-Vertical hybrid constructed wetlands.
Authors: Rashid Khasraw , Salh Qadri 
Published: July 2017

Water pollution cause serious health risk to public. Treating wastewater in allow cost
efficient way is necessary for the region. This project was designated to describe the
usefulness of macrophytes Typha angustifolia L and Phragmites australis, since this could
be an index for its utility as a biological purifier for advanced treatment of wastewater.
For this purpose a specific model treatment project was hybrid constructed wetland.
Constructed wetlands have become a good alternative to urban wastewater treatments. To
achieve higher treatment performances, the HCW has various types. The project consists
of several purification treatment units; Storage tanks, pre-sedimentation and two hybrid
constructed wetlands. They are designed as (Vertical-Horizontal and Horizontal-Vertical)
HCW, along with sand filtration implemented with two local macrophytes (Typha
angustifolia and Phragmites australis). Experimental hybrid constructed wetlands contain
macrophytes, they have grown for 50 days (the period needed for stabilization and
adaptation), and taken untreated and treated wastewater samples twice a month periods
from June 15, 2013 until September 15, 2013. Water samples were analyzed to determine
the some heavy metals in inlet and outlet HCW. Results showed that the decreases in Iron,
Copper, Cadmium and Lead contents in the outlet wastewater treatment in (Vertical-
Horizontal) HCW higher decreases than (Horizontal-Vertical) HCW. These results
showed the design (Vertical-Horizontal) HCW better than the design (Horizontal-
Vertical) HCW to wastewater treatment.
Correlation and path coefficient analysis in five inbred line of maize (Zea mays L.) and their F 1 and F 2 hybrids under different conditions using line × tester analysis
Authors: Tawfiq Sherwan , Abdulkhaleq Dana , Hamma-Umin Bestoon 
Published: July 2017

This investigation was conducted on maize (Zea mays L.) at two environmentally
different locations in Sulaimani, viz. Kanipanka and Qlyasan. The objective was to
investigate the correlation between kernel yield and other agronomic characters and their
direct and indirect effects on yield through path coefficient analysis. For the first
generation at Kanipanka, correlation studies revealed significant positive relationship of
kernel yield with number of rows/ear, while at Qlyasan, kernel yield had significant
positive correlation with plant height number of kernels/row and kernel weight/row. For
the second generation kernel yield/plant had highly significant correlation with most of
the studied characters at both locations. For the first generation, the path analysis revealed
that, number of ear/plant and number of kernel/row recorded the maximum positive direct
effect in kernel yield/plant at Kanipanka and Qlyasan, while the maximum negative direct
effect in kernel yield exhibited by plant height and number of ear/plant at Kanipanka and
Qlyasan. The maximum positive indirect effect on kernel yield/plant recorded by number
of ear/plant via plant height and the maximum negative indirect effect recorded by plant
height via number of ear/plant at Kanipanka location, while at Qlyasan location number
of kernel/row gave the maximum positive indirect effect via kernel weight/row and the
maximum negative indirect effect recorded by number of ear/plant via kernel weight/row.
For the second generation, the maximum positive direct effect in kernel yield recorded
by number of ear/plant and plant height at Kanipanka and Qlyasan locations, while the
maximum negative direct effect recorded by 300-kernel weight at both locations. The
maximum positive indirect effect showed by number of ear/plant via number of rows/ear
at Kanipanka location. At Qlyasan, the maximum positive indirect recorded by plant
height via kernel weight/ear. The maximum negative indirect effect recorded by 300-
kernel weight via plant height at both locations. These results detected that number of
ear/plant, number of kernels/row and plant height may be used as reliable criteria for
improving kernel yield in maize.
Construction of Local Isolates of Cyanobacteria for Ethanol Production.
Authors: Hasan Payam , Mohamad Dlnya 
Published: July 2017

Cyanobacteria can use solar energy and convert carbon dioxide into biofuel molecules in
one single biological system. In this research, Synechococcus sp. was isolated from
Saray Subhan Agha fresh water, a pure culture of Synechococcus was obtained by
several subculturing on BG11 media. For the production of ethanol by Synechococcus
sp. pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenseII (ADH II), genes from
Zymomonas mobilis ATCC (29191), were amplified by PCR and cloned into the
pSyn_1⁄D-TOPO® Vector. The Synechococcus and Synechococcus elongates
transformed with constructed vector (pSyn_1⁄D-TOPO®) that harboring the two ethanol
fermenting genes. The transformation was performed using a double homologous
recombination system to integrate the PDC and ADHII genes into the local isolates of
Synechococcus sp. and Synechococcus elongatus chromosome under the control
cyanobacterial weak constitutive nickel inducible promoter. The recombinant
Synechococcus cells grow in different concentrations of NiSO4 (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10) μM in
BG11 media, under different temperature (15, 30, 45) ̊C and different light intensity (10,
50, 150) μE. The enzymatic ethanol assay kit was used to determine ethanol
concentration produced by both recombinant Synechococcus sp. and recombinant
Synechococcus elongatus. Highest ethanol concentration obtained by those cultures
containing five μl NiSO4, which incubated under continues light of 50μE at 30 ̊C
(Optimum um condition for ethanol production by recombinant Synechococcus cells).
The amount of ethanol produced by local isolates of Synechococcus sp. was 0.00103 g/l,
whereas for Synechococcus elongatus was 0.0138 g/l. The amount of ethanol produced
by those Synechococcus cultures containing different concentrations of NiSO4 were
incubated under continuous light of (10 and 150) μE and temperature of (15 and 45) ̊C
was less than those cultures were incubated under light of 50 μE and temperature of 30 ̊C.
Assessment of Pregnancy Outcome in Gestational Diabetes Milletus Patient in Maternity Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani City
Authors: Ismael Niyan , Fars Gona , Abdulkarim Awayi 
Published: July 2017

The current study was undertaken to assess of pregnancy outcome in gestational diabetes
milletus patient. This study was carried out for the period of 10th March to 12th May of 2014,
sample of (100) pregnant women who have been attended the maternity teaching
hospital in Sulaimani city, to identify the assessment of pregnancy outcome in
Gestational Diabetes Milletus and explore association between some sociodemographic
characteristic of the sample baby outcome and reproductive history, the results show that
there is a strong association between reproductive history and Gestational Diabetes
Milletus.
Moment Capacity Charts for Strengthening of RC Beams With Near Surface Mounted FRP Reinforcement
Authors: Abdulkadir Mohamad , Abdullah Avin 
Published: July 2017

Near surface- mounted fibre reinforced polymer is a new technique for strengthening
structural members beside externally applied fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) technology.
In NSM technique, the FRP material is applied to the tension region of the member inside
pre-prepared grooves. In externally applied FRP the debonding of the fibres is a major
issue thus, the full utilisation of FRP material can not be achieved, and the fibres are more
susceptible to environmental effects. With NSM FRP, these issues can be controlled more
effectively. ACI Committee 440 [1] has presented guidelines for design and construction
of externally FRP method for strengthening of concrete structures. Although many
experiments have been conducted on NSM FRP in flexure strengthening of RC beams,
no code is introduced yet. Theoretical studies to derive equations for calculating moment
capacity of strengthened beams have been introduced but mostly require several trial
procedures to reach the required effective strain for FRP. In this study, a moment
capacity chart is introduced based on several assumptions in the derivation of flexure
capacity equation. To avoid the brittle behaviour of FRP, it is suggested that the
utilization of FRP to be limited to 70% of its ultimate capacity for CFRP, and an
equivalent area of reinforcement is adopted for simplicity. Experimental results of other
researchers have been verified with the proposed charts, and a good comparison of results
have being achieved.
The Element ideal graph Γ(pα qβ ) (Z)
Authors: Abdul-Qadr Fryad 
Published: July 2017

Let R be acommutative ring with identity and let x be an element of R. The Element Ideal Graph Γx (R) is a graph whose vertex set is the set of non-trivial ideals of R and two distinct ideal vertices I and J are adjacent if and only if x∈I J. In this paper we investigate the element ideal graph Γ(pα qβ ) (Z) to explore some of its properties with providing some examples, where Z is the set of integers, α, β∈Z+ and p and q are distinct prime numbers.
Invested in Success: A Qualitative Study of the Experience of CenteringPregnancy Group Prenatal Care for Perinatal Educators
Authors: Vekved Monica , McNeil Deborah A. , Dolan Siobhan M. , Siever Jodi E. , Horn Sarah , Tough Suzanne C. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to understand the central meaning of the experience of providing CenteringPregnancy for perinatal educators who were facilitators for the group sessions. Four perinatal educators participated in one-on-one interviews and/or a validation focus group. Six themes emerged: (a) “stepping back and taking on a different role,” (b) “supporting transformation,” (c) “getting to knowing,” (d) “working together to bridge the gap,” (e) “creating the environment,” and (f) “fostering community.” These themes contributed to the core phenomenon of being “invested in success.” Through bridging gaps and inconsistencies in information received from educators and physicians, this model of CenteringPregnancy provides an opportunity for women to act on relevant information more fully than more traditional didactic approaches to perinatal education.
Daya Pragmatik Tuturan Pepindhan dan Sanepa
Authors: Indratmo Aloysius 
Published: July 2017

<p>Tuturan tidak hanya memiliki makna saja tetapi juga mengandung daya tertentu yakni daya pragmatik. Daya pragmatik ini dibentuk oleh daya ilokusi bersama dengan daya retorik tuturan. Daya ilokusi disampaikan melalui makna tuturan, sedangkan daya retorik adalah efek tertentu pada pikiran mitra tutur ketika menerima/ mendengar tuturan yang ditujukan kepadanya. Oleh karena tuturan pepindhan dan sanepa termasuk dalam tindak tutur tidak langsung tidak literal maka ilokusinya juga tidak langsung. Sejalan dengan itu maka daya pragmatik tuturan pepindhan dan sanepa disamarkan melalui implikatur. Tuturan pepindhan dan sanepa memiliki daya pragmatik direktif dengan ilokuasi ajaran, nasihat, perintah/ permohonan, dan larangan; serta ekspresif dengan ilokuasi memuji dan mengecam. Selain itu tindak tutur pepindhan dan sanepa juga memiliki fungsi pewujud kesponan dan keindahan.</p><p> </p><p>Kata Kunci: pepindhan, sanepa, tidak langsung, tidak literal, implikatur, ilokusi</p>
PRODUKSI RUANG SOSIAL SEBAGAI KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN RUANG PERKOTAAN (KAJIAN ATAS TEORI RUANG HENRY LEFEBVRE)
Authors: Setiawan Andi 
Published: July 2017

<p>The current development of the urban space is determined by the interests of capital. The power of corporations has influenced policy makers in designing the development of many cities. This gives rise to a variety of social impact especially spatial problem, that resulting an occupation of space between the community and the investors. Henry Lefebvre provide a very actual criticism in associated with this condition. He introduced the concept of the social space. Written criticism in the mid 70s it find the relevance today. This paper examines Lefebvre's criticism space as an alternative solution to solve the problems of urban space.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keyword</strong> : urban space, social space, Henry Lefebvre</p>
CINTA, KOMITMEN, DAN KEHORMATAN DALAM CERPEN BISMA KARYA PUTU WIJAYA
Authors: Wirajaya Asep Yudha 
Published: July 2017

<p>Bisma merupakan salah satu cerpen Putu Wijaya yang ingin “menjungkirbalikkan” konsep cinta – komitmen – kehormatan melalui sosok yang selama ini dikenal dalam epos Mahabarata sebagai sosok yang selalu teguh memegang komitmennya. Bahkan, ia rela untuk mengorbankan segalanya demi sebuah komitmen yang telah diikrarkan. Dengan demikian, pembaca diajak untuk “berpikir ulang” tentang hakikat ketiganya. Pengungkapan cinta dalam Bisma sangat luas cakupannya. Maksudnya, bukan hanya “sekedar” cinta antara pria dan wanita (meskipun hal itu juga ada), melainkan juga dalam tataran yang lebih luas, yakni meliputi cinta terhadap keluarga, negara, dan profesi. Ketiga cinta tersebut perlu mendapat perhatian agar keseimbangan hidup benar-benar terlaksana.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong>Bisma, Putu Wijaya, cinta, dan komitmen</p>
PERKEMBANGAN KONSEP SASTRA ISLAM
Authors: Sudardi Bani , Hikmawati Hanifah 
Published: July 2017

<span>Islam adalah sebuah agama yang dihayati oleh pemeluknya di seluruh dunia. Konsekuensi logis dari hal tersebut ialah munculnya sastra yang dijiwai nilai-nilai Islam. Meskipun Islam disampaikan dengan kitab suci Al quran dan hadis yang berbahasa Arab, sastra Islam tidak selalu bermediakan bahasa Arab. Sastra Islam lahir dari lingkungan masyarakat bahasa tertentu yang menghayati nilai-nilai islami. Tulisan ini merupakan suatu penelitian dengan menggunakan metode kajian pustaka (</span><em>content analysis</em><span>). Sumber data adalah buku-buku tentang konsep sastra dan aplikasi sastra Islam. Penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada satu konsep dasar tentang sastra Islam, yakni menjunjung tinggi keagungan Islam dengan berbagai aset yang terdapat dalam agama Islam seperti tasawuf, tokoh Islam, dan nilai-nilai Islami. Konsep sastra Islam terus berkembang dan belum memperoleh bentuk baku. sastra Islam ialah sastra yang berpegang teguh pada akidah dan akhlak sesuai dengan syariat yang telah ditetapkan. Karakteristik sastra Islam sangatlah beragam, tidak hanya dari bentuk sastranya saja, namun substansinya juga menjadi hal penting yang harus diperhatikan.</span>
MISTERI DAN KEKELAMAN PENDIDIKAN SEBAGAI BENTUK PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER ANAK DALAM NOVEL HARRY POTTER AND THE CHAMBER OF SECRETS
Authors: Rosyidi Mohamad Ikhwan 
Published: July 2017

<span>Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskripsi deskripsi analisis bagaimana misteri dan kekelaman pendidikan di dalam novel </span><em>Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets</em><span>, dan deskripsi analisis bagaimana misteri dan kekelaman pendidikan ini membentuk nilai karakter bagi anak secara kultural yang terefleksi dalam novel novel </span><em>Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets</em><span>.. Metode yang diguanakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan menerapkan pendekatan struktur sastra formulaik yang dikemukakan Cawelti. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kedua hal, misteri dan kekelaman pendidikan, merupakan muara dari rentetan kejadian yang saling berkesinambungan dan berasosiasi satu dengan yang lain. Kejadian-kejadian yang muncul dalam ranah kemisterian merupakan pemicu lahirnya kekelaman atmosfer dalam dunia pendidikan di Hogwarts, begitu pula sebaliknya. Dengan kata lain, kemisterian di dalam novel ini menjadi penanda dan petanda dari kekelaman pendidikan di Hogwarts. Begitu pula, kekelaman pendidikan di Hogwarts menjadi penanda dan petanda dari kemisterian yang terjadi di dalam novel HPCS. Kedua, karakter membeda-bedakan dan berburuk sangka yang disuguhkan Rowling ini merupakan pembelajaran moral bagi pembacanya. Kedua karakter tersebut digambarkan dengan contoh kejadian yang baik, yang dapat langsung diambil pembelajaran moralnya begitu saja dengan mudah. Ia ingin mengajak pembaca melihat sebuah kejadian dari sudut pandang atau perspektif terbalik.</span>
HERMENEUTIKA DAN PENERAPANNYA DALAM SASTRA JAWA
Authors: Rahmat Rahmat 
Published: July 2017

<span>Hermeneutika sebagai sebuah pendekatan dapat digunakan untuk menganalisa karya-karya sastra. Sebagai pendekatan yang menekankan pemahaman teks, maka hermeneutika mempunyai jalan untuk menafsirkan teks, yaitu dengan jalan membaca sumber-sumber ekstra teks dan penafsiran dari sisi linguistik. Hermeneutika yang disajikan ini merupakan sebuah kajian umum tentang hermeneutika dan secara singkat penerapannya dalam karya sastra Jawa. Adapun teks yang dicontohkan untuk dibedah menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutika ialah teks tentang </span><em>sěstradi </em><span>yang terdapat dalam naskah Jawa berjudul </span><em>Sěstra Agěng Adidarma</em><span>. Melalui pembacaan ekstra teks dan penafsiran semantik, didapatkan pemahaman bahwa </span><em>sěstradi </em><span>merupakan </span><em>piwulang </em><span>tentang olah rasa melalui perenungan agar tercapai pencerahan jiwa.</span>
Relaciones entre la prensa digital y los centros escolares de Educación Obligatoria
Authors: Martín Herrera Inmaculada 
Published: July 2017

Conocer a través de la percepción del profesorado el papel que desempeña la prensa digital en la Educación Obligatoria es el tema de este estudio. Igualmente, nos interesa averiguar cómo influyen unas variables personales, académicas, institucionales y contextuales sobre estas percepciones. La investigación, en la que han participado 733 docentes de 76 escuelas, es un estudio no experimental de corte descriptivo. Por su parte, los datos se han recopilado mediante un cuestionario de elaboración propia, que consta de 55 ítems con los que se ha llevado a cabo un análisis cuantitativo. Los resultados revelan que los docentes se sienten moderadamente preparados para la aplicación de la prensa digital; siendo el profesorado de Primaria el que peor puntúa sus competencias tecnológicas. En general, han valorado favorablemente la prensa electrónica como un agente educador. Sin embargo, indican que en sus centros se emplea poco como recurso educativo y que no se fomenta su lectura. Respecto a las implicaciones, consideramos que el diagnóstico realizado con esta investigación nos sirve como punto de partida para el diseño y la implantación de programas