bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quadrilateral suspensory and straight sesamoidean ligament calcifying desmopathy in an Arabian mare
Authors: Hui S. K. Y. , Turner S. J. , Leaman T. R. , de Brot S. , Barakzai S. Z. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryA 5‐year‐old Arabian mare was referred for the investigation of recent behavioural change, generalised stiffness, and owner‐reported polyuria and polydipsia. Clinical examination revealed severe pain associated with palpation along the entire length of the suspensory ligament (SL) and palmar soft tissues of the pastern regions of both forelimbs. Radiographs of the distal forelimbs demonstrated marked radiopaque striations within the straight sesamoidean ligaments (SSLs), and less severe but similar changes in the regions of the SL branches. Ultrasonography of both distal forelimbs revealed multifocal, hyperechoic lesions within the SSLs. The SL bodies and branches were enlarged and had mixed echogenicity on ultrasound scan. The horse was subjected to euthanasia at the owner's request and submitted for post‐mortem examination. Relevant gross findings were restricted to the SLs and SSLs of all four limbs, all of which contained severe mineralisation and irregularly arranged fibres. Histological examination revealed severe, multifocal to coalescing, dystrophic mineralisation with cartilaginous and osseous metaplasia, which suggested a primary calcifying desmopathy affecting all four SLs and SSLs. Clinical findings in the case reported here were similar to that of degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis previously reported by many authors, but diagnostic imaging and histopathological findings were significantly different.
Digital imaging biomarkers feed machine learning for melanoma screening
Authors: Gareau Daniel S. , Correa da Rosa Joel , Yagerman Sarah , Carucci John A. , Gulati Nicholas , Hueto Ferran , DeFazio Jennifer L. , Suárez‐Fariñas Mayte , Marghoob Ashfaq , Krueger James G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe developed an automated approach for generating quantitative image analysis metrics (imaging biomarkers) that are then analysed with a set of 13 machine learning algorithms to generate an overall risk score that is called a Q‐score. These methods were applied to a set of 120 “difficult” dermoscopy images of dysplastic nevi and melanomas that were subsequently excised/classified. This approach yielded 98% sensitivity and 36% specificity for melanoma detection, approaching sensitivity/specificity of expert lesion evaluation. Importantly, we found strong spectral dependence of many imaging biomarkers in blue or red colour channels, suggesting the need to optimize spectral evaluation of pigmented lesions.
Severe excessive daytime sleepiness induced by hydroxyurea
Authors: Revol Bruno , Joyeux‐Faure Marie , Albahary Marie‐Victoire , Gressin Remy , Mallaret Michel , Pepin Jean‐Louis , Launois Sandrine H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractExcessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) has been reported with many drugs, either as an extension of a hypnotic effect (e.g. central nervous system depressants) or as an idiosyncratic response of the patient. Here, we report unexpected and severe subjective and objective EDS induced by hydroxyurea therapy, with a favorable outcome after withdrawal. Clinical history, sleep log, polysomnography, and multiple sleep latency tests confirming the absence of other EDS causes are presented.
Uncovering the spatial heterogeneity of Ediacaran carbon cycling
Authors: Li C. , Hardisty D. S. , Luo G. , Huang J. , Algeo T. J. , Cheng M. , Shi W. , An Z. , Tong J. , Xie S. , Jiao N. , Lyons T. W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecords of the Ediacaran carbon cycle (635–541 million years ago) include the Shuram excursion (SE), the largest negative carbonate carbon isotope excursion in Earth history (down to −12‰). The nature of this excursion remains enigmatic given the difficulties of interpreting a perceived extreme global decrease in the δ13C of seawater dissolved inorganic carbon. Here, we present carbonate and organic carbon isotope (δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg) records from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation along a proximal‐to‐distal transect across the Yangtze Platform of South China as a test of the spatial variation of the SE. Contrary to expectations, our results show that the magnitude and morphology of this excursion and its relationship with coexisting δ13Corg are highly heterogeneous across the platform. Integrated geochemical, mineralogical, petrographic, and stratigraphic evidence indicates that the SE is a primary marine signature. Data compilations demonstrate that the SE was also accompanied globally by parallel negative shifts of δ34S of carbonate‐associated sulfate (CAS) and increased 87Sr/86Sr ratio and coastal CAS concentration, suggesting elevated continental weathering and coastal marine sulfate concentration during the SE. In light of these observations, we propose a heterogeneous oxidation model to explain the high spatial heterogeneity of the SE and coexisting δ13Corg records of the Doushantuo, with likely relevance to the SE in other regions. In this model, we infer continued marine redox stratification through the SE but with increased availability of oxidants (e.g., O2 and sulfate) limited to marginal near‐surface marine environments. Oxidation of limited spatiotemporal extent provides a mechanism to drive heterogeneous oxidation of subsurface reduced carbon mostly in shelf areas. Regardless of the mechanism driving the SE, future models must consider the evidence for spatial heterogeneity in δ13C presented in this study.
River Seepage Conductance in Large‐Scale Regional Studies
Authors: Morel‐Seytoux Hubert J. , Miller Calvin D. , Miracapillo Cinzia , Mehl Steffen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFlow exchange between surface and groundwater is of great importance be it for beneficial allocation and use of water resources or for the proper exercise of water rights. In large‐scale regional studies, most numerical models use coarse grid sizes, which make it difficult to provide an accurate depiction of the phenomenon. In particular, a somewhat arbitrary leakance coefficient in a third type (i.e., Cauchy, General Head) boundary condition is used to calculate the seepage discharge as a function of the difference of head in the river and in the aquifer, whose value is often found by calibration. A different approach is presented to analytically estimate that leakance coefficient. It is shown that a simple equivalence can be deduced from the analytical solution for the empirical coefficient, so that it provides the accuracy of the analytical solution while the model maintains a very coarse grid, treating the water‐table aquifer as a single calculation layer. Relating the empirical leakance coefficient to the exact conductance, derived from physical principles, provides a physical basis for the leakance coefficient. Factors such as normalized wetted perimeter, degree of penetration of the river, presence of a clogging layer, and anisotropy can be included with little computational demand. In addition the river coefficient in models such as MODFLOW, for example, can be easily modified when grid size is changed without need for recalibration.
Kinetic analysis and binding studies of a new recombinant human factor VIIa for treatment of haemophilia
Authors: Grandoni J. , Perret G. , Forier C. 
Published: December 2016

Introduction/AimLR769 is a new second‐generation recombinant human Factor VIIa (rhFVIIa) developed for haemophilia treatment. We determined enzymatic properties of LR769 and its interaction with antithrombin, tissue factor, platelets and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), compared with NovoSevenRT.MethodsKinetic enzyme assays and active site titration were used for enzymatic studies. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) was used for determination of binding constants. Cellular binding was determined for platelets and cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).ResultsThe dissociation constant (Kd) for activated platelet binding was in the 1 μm range for both products. At saturation, more LR769 than NovoSevenRT was bound to the platelets. Binding to HUVEC was 25–50% higher for LR769 than for NovoSevenRT. Protein C, soluble EPCR, and anti‐EPCR antibody all reduced the binding, indicating specificity for EPCR. LR769 was similar to NovoSevenRT in all kinetic assays. Active site titration demonstrated 0.7 mole of active site/mole of protein. The kcat/Km values for activation of FX and FIX with purified recombinant tissue factor and phospholipids were 10.5 s−1/0.32 μm and 3.3 s−1/0.44 μm respectively. The apparent second‐order rate constant for inactivation by human plasma AT was 5.9 ± 0.4 × 103 m−1 s−1. The Kd values for binding of LR769 to soluble tissue factor and full‐length tissue factor were 8.1 nm and 0.9 nm, respectively, and the Kd for binding to soluble EPCR was 41 nm.ConclusionOverall, LR769 exhibited characteristics similar to NovoSevenRT, but bound EPCR on HUVEC with somewhat higher affinity than NovoSevenRT.
Survival in patients with Child–Pugh class C cirrhosis: Analysis of the liver transplant registry in Japan
Authors: Genda Takuya , Ichida Takafumi , Sakisaka Shotaro , Tanaka Eiji , Mochida Satoshi , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Inui Ayano , Egawa Hiroto , Umeshita Koji , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Kawasaki Seiji , Inomata Yukihiro ,   The Assessment Committee of Indication for Transplantation
Published: December 2016

AimAim: To clarify the survival and prognostic factors in patients with Child–Turcotte–Pugh class C (CTP‐C) cirrhosis.MethodsFrom all candidates for deceased donor liver transplantation in Japan between 2007 and 2015, 1014 adult patients with CTP‐C cirrhosis were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The hazard ratio (HR) of factors associated with mortality was estimated by the Cox proportional hazard model. The survival probabilities were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log–rank test.ResultsMedian survival time of the entire cohort was 475 days. Univariate analysis identified age, CTP, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) as significant variables associated with mortality and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a close‐to‐significant variable. Multivariate analysis revealed that age‐adjusted mortality risk increased by 59% and 12% per 1 score step up in CTP and MELD scores, respectively. The HRs for HBV infection and PBC were significant after adjustment for age and CTP score, and they showed a 26% lower risk and an 83% higher risk than hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, respectively. After adjustment for age and MELD score, the HR was also significant for HBV infection, but lost statistical significance for PBC. The survival curves were well stratified by both CTP or MELD score and revealed significant difference in both HBV infection and PBC as compared to HCV infection.ConclusionsIn patients with CTP‐C cirrhosis, CTP and MELD scores could well stratify the patients’ survival, and HBV infection and PBC as etiologies have an impact on survival.
Effects of high hydrostatic pressure processing and subsequent storage on phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in fruit and vegetable products
Authors: Zhao Guanghe , Zhang Ruifen , Zhang Mingwei 
Published: December 2016

SummaryFresh fruits and vegetables have been reported to possess a variety of bioactivities partly due to their high abundance of phenolics. However, traditional thermal pasteurisation during fruit and vegetable processing typically induces a pronounced loss of phenolic compounds. In contrast, nonthermal pasteurisation techniques, especially high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing, are beneficial to the retention of phenolics. In addition to more effectively keeping original freshness, flavour and colour of fruit and vegetable products to the greatest extent, in most cases, HHP processing and subsequent storage more effectively sustain the levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in fruit and vegetable products compared with thermal pasteurisation. Therefore, HHP processing has a huge potential to preserve fruit and vegetable products rich in phenolic compounds.
Mucilage formation in food: a review on the example of okra
Authors: Ritzoulis Christos 
Published: December 2016

SummaryFormation of a mucilage is a complex process that involves the initial contact of a solid matrix (e.g. bone with connective tissue, okra fruit, beans) and water; the wetting of the macromolecules that are embedded on the solid matrix, followed by its swelling; their elution (‘extraction’) in the aqueous phase, forming a hydrocolloidal dispersion; the relaxation of the macromolecules in their new environment, leading to the modification of the latter's rheological properties, or their adsorption onto an oil interface, leading to the formation of oil‐in‐water emulsions. This review collects data assembled on a representative case study, that of okra fruit, as to assemble an image of the individual contributions of the previous stages towards the final formation of the hydrocolloidal mucilage.
Review of the NICE guidelines for multiple myeloma
Authors: Pratt G. , Morris T.C. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIn February 2016, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published guidelines on multiple myeloma. NICE have published numerous guidelines relating to haematology, but this was the first guideline focusing on a single haematological malignancy. The purpose of this review was to highlight the recommendations made in the guideline and the implications for the management of patients in the UK and also internationally. In addition, we review the NICE process and highlight issues around current guideline development.
Role of interferon‐γ and inflammatory monocytes in driving colonic inflammation during acute Clostridium difficile infection in mice
Authors: McDermott Andrew J. , Falkowski Nicole R. , McDonald Roderick A. , Frank Charles R. , Pandit Chinmay R. , Young Vincent B. , Huffnagle Gary B. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe inflammatory response to the colonic pathogen Clostridium difficile is characterized by the induction of inflammatory cytokines including Interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and the recruitment of myeloid cells including Ly6CHigh monocytes. IL‐23 knockout mice showed reduced expression of the monocyte chemokines Ccl4 and Ccl7, but not Ccl2, as well as reduced Ly6CHigh Ly6GMid monocyte recruitment to the colon in response to C. difficile colitis. Clostridium difficile‐infected CCR2−/− (CCR2 KO) mice showed a significant defect in Ly6CHigh Ly6GMid monocyte recruitment to the colon in response to C. difficile. Although there was no decrease in expression of the inflammatory cytokines Il1b, Il6 or Tnf or reduction in the severity of colonic histopathology associated with ablation of monocyte recruitment, Slpi and Inos expression was significantly reduced in the colons of these animals. Additionally, neutralization of IFN‐γ through the administration of anti‐IFN‐γ monoclonal antibody resulted in a significant reduction in the expression of the IFN‐γ‐inducible chemokines Cxcl9 and Cxcl10, but not a reduction in the neutrophil chemokines Cxcl1, Cxcl2 and Ccl3 or the monocyte chemokine Ccl2. Consistently, monocyte and neutrophil recruitment were unchanged following anti‐IFN‐γ treatment. Additionally, Inos and Slpi expression were unchanged following anti‐IFN‐γ treatment, suggesting that Inos and Slpi regulation is independent of IFN‐γ during C. difficile colitis. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that IL‐23 and CCR2 signalling are required for monocyte recruitment during C. difficile colitis. Additionally, these studies also suggest that monocytes, but not IFN‐γ, are necessary for full expression of Inos and Slpi in the colon.
Foxd3 suppresses interleukin‐10 expression in B cells
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Zhiding , Xiao He , Liu Xiaoling , Zhu Gaizhi , Yu Dandan , Han Gencheng , Chen Guojiang , Hou Chunmei , Ma Ning , Shen Beifen , Li Yan , Wang Tianxiao , Wang Renxi 
Published: December 2016

SummaryInterleukin‐10‐positive (IL‐10+) regulatory B (Breg) cells play an important role in restraining excessive inflammatory responses by secreting IL‐10. However, it is still unclear what key transcription factors determine Breg cell differentiation. Hence, we explore what transcription factor plays a key role in the expression of IL‐10, a pivotal cytokine in Breg cells. We used two types of web‐based prediction software to predict transcription factors binding the IL‐10 promoter and found that IL‐10 promoter had many binding sites for Foxd3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR assay demonstrated that Foxd3 directly binds the predicted binding sites around the start codon upstream by −1400 bp. Further, we found that Foxd3 suppressed the activation of IL‐10 promoter by using an IL‐10 promoter report system. Finally, knocking out Foxd3 effectively promotes Breg cell production by up‐regulating IL‐10 expression. Conversely, up‐regulated Foxd3 expression was negatively associated with IL‐10+ Breg cells in lupus‐prone MRL/lpr mice. Hence, our data suggest that Foxd3 suppresses the production of IL‐10+ Breg cells by directly binding the IL‐10 promoter. This study demonstrates the mechanism for Breg cell production and its application to the treatment of autoimmune diseases by regulating Foxd3 expression.
Organizational politics, nurses' stress, burnout levels, turnover intention and job satisfaction
Authors: Labrague L.J. , McEnroe‐Petitte D.M. , Gloe D. , Tsaras K. , Arteche D.L. , Maldia F. 
Published: December 2016

AimThis is a research report examining the influence of organizational politics perceptions on nurses' work outcomes (job satisfaction, work stress, job burnout and turnover intention).BackgroundOrganizational politics is a phenomenon common in almost all institutions and is linked with undesirable consequences in employees.IntroductionDespite the plethora of research around the world on this topic, studies describing organizational politics in nursing remain underexplored.MethodsA cross‐sectional research design was utilized in this study. One hundred sixty‐six (166) nurses participated. Five standardized tools were used: the Job Satisfaction Index, the Job Stress Scale, the Burnout Measure Scale, the Turnover Intention Inventory Scale and the Perception of Organizational Politics Scale.ResultsNurses employed both in private and government‐owned hospitals perceived moderate levels of organizational politics. Positive correlations were identified between perceived organizational politics and job stress, turnover intention and job burnout. Negative correlations were found between perceived organizational politics and job satisfaction.DiscussionPerceptions of workplace politics in Filipino nurses were lower when compared to findings in other international studies. A strong link was found between organizational politics perceptions and the four job outcomes (stress and burnout levels, turnover intention and job satisfaction).LimitationsUse of a self‐reporting questionnaire and exclusion of nurses from other provinces.ConclusionPerceived organizational politics predicted nurses’ stress and burnout levels, turnover intention and job satisfaction.Implications for nursing and/or health policyThe findings of this study may provide a valuable perspective of this organizational issue and could assist policymakers and nurse administrators in formulating interventions that could minimize the effect of workplace politics.
Keloid progression: a stiffness gap hypothesis
Authors: Huang Chenyu , Liu Longwei , You Zhifeng , Wang Bingjie , Du Yanan , Ogawa Rei 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTKeloids are fibroproliferative skin disorders characterised clinically by continuous horizontal progression and post‐surgical recurrence and histologically by the accumulation of collagen and fibroblast ingredients. Till now, their aetiology remains clear, which may cover genetic, environmental and metabolic factors. Evidence in the involvement of local mechanics (e.g. predilection site and typical shape) and the progress in mechanobiology have incubated our stiffness gap hypotheses in illustrating the chronic but constant development in keloid. We put forward that the enlarged gap between extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and cellular stiffness potentiates keloid progression. Matrix stiffness itself provides organisational guidance cues to regulate the mechanosensitive resident cells (e.g. proliferation, migration and apoptosis). During this dynamic process, the ECM stiffness and cell stiffness are not well balanced, and the continuously enlarged stiffness gap between them potentiates keloid progression. The cushion factors, such as prestress for cell stiffness and topology for ECM stiffness, serve as compensations, the decompensation of which aggravates keloid development. It can well explain the typical shape of keloids, their progression in a horizontal but not vertical direction and the post‐surgical recurrence, which were evidenced by our clinical cases. Such a stiffness gap hypothesis might be bridged to mechanotherapeutic approaches for keloid progression.
Game‐based assessment: investigating the impact on test anxiety and exam performance
Authors: Mavridis A. , Tsiatsos T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study is to assess the impact of a 3D educational computer game on students' test anxiety and exam performance when used in evaluative situations as compared to the traditional method of examination. The participants of the study were students in tertiary education who were examined using game‐based assessment and traditional assessment in a 2 × 2 cross‐over design. The game was flexible, providing the instructor with the opportunity to import and edit exam questions and modify several aspects via an administration panel. Following the collection and analysis of both quantitative and interview data, it was revealed that the students' test anxiety was reduced during the game‐based assessment. Furthermore, the exam performance of the students was significantly better when the game method was used. The results showed that there is a linear negative relationship between the students' test anxiety and exam performance as well as that these variables are correlated in a causal way. Overall, this study provides evidence that game‐based assessment could be potentially beneficial for students.
The effects of the DNA methyltranfserases inhibitor 5‐Azacitidine on ageing, oxidative stress and DNA methylation of adipose derived stem cells
Authors: Kornicka Katarzyna , Marycz Krzysztof , Marędziak Monika , Tomaszewski Krzysztof A. , Nicpoń Jakub 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHuman adipose tissue is a great source of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which are recognized from their ability to self‐renew and differentiation into multiple lineages. MSCs have promised a vast therapeutic potential in treatment many diseases including tissue injury and immune disorders. However, their regenerative potential profoundly depends on patients’ age. Age‐related deterioration of MSC is associated with cellular senescence mainly caused by increased DNA methylation status, accumulation of oxidative stress factors and mitochondria dysfunction. We found that DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor i.e. 5‐Azacytidine (5‐AZA) reversed the aged phenotype of MSCs. Proliferation rate of cells cultured with 5‐AZA was increased while the accumulation of oxidative stress factors and DNA methylation status were decreased. Simultaneously the mRNA levels of TET proteins involved in demethylation process were elevated in those cells. Moreover, cells treated with 5‐AZA displayed reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, ameliorated superoxide dismutase activity and increased BCL‐2/BAX ratio in comparison to control group. Our results indicates that, treating MSCs with 5‐AZA can be justified therapeutic intervention, that can slow‐down and even reverse aged‐ related degenerative changes in those cells.