bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common origin of dark matter and leptogenesis in U(1)B−L
Authors: Liu Ang , Shao Feng-Lan , Han Zhi-Long , Jin Yi , Li Honglei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the common parameter space of dark matter and leptogenesis in the U(1)B−L symmetry. This model involves a complex scalar ϕ, sterile neutrinos N, and Majorana dark matter χ, where only dark matter χ is charged under the Z2 symmetry. Masses of N and χ are generated via the Yukawa interactions to ϕ after breaking of the U(1)B−L symmetry. TeV scale sterile neutrinos N are responsible for the generation of baryon asymmetry through the resonance leptogenesis mechanism. The new particles in the U(1)B−L have a significant impact on the dilution of N, thus on leptogenesis. Meanwhile, the annihilation processes of dark matter χ are almost identical to that of N, which indicates that both leptogenesis and dark matter are closely related to satisfying the observed results simultaneously. Under various theoretical and experimental constraints, the viable common parameter space of dark matter and leptogenesis is obtained for both global and local U(1)B−L symmetry.
On the class $$ \mathcal{S} $$ origin of spindle solutions
Authors: Bomans Pieter , Couzens Christopher 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We analyse the backreacted geometry corresponding to a stack of M5-branes wrapped on a spindle, with a view towards precision tests of the dual $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superconformal field theory. We carefully study the singular loci of the uplifted geometry and show that these correspond to C3/Zn conical singularities. Therefore, these solutions present one of the first explicit realisations of honest locally $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 preserving punctures in class $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
. Additionally we study the symmetries and anomalies of the dual field theory through anomaly inflow and compute a variety of holographic observables including dimensions of BPS operators. This work paves the way for advancements in the study and identification of the precise dual field theories.
On (A)dS solutions from Scherk-Schwarz orbifolds
Authors: Parameswaran Susha , Serra Marco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We investigate the existence of dS vacua in supersymmetry-breaking Scherk-Schwarz toroidal compactifications of type II string theory, using the well-understood ingredients of curvature, fluxes and 1-loop Casimir energy. Starting from the 10d equations, we derive a series of no-go theorems and existence conditions for dS, and present two explicit, fully-backreacted, solutions: a dS one, which turns out to be not under control, and an AdS one, which can be chosen at arbitrarily weak coupling and large volume by dialling the unbounded fluxes. We then use a lower-dimensional EFT description to show that any dS solution has a universal tachyon and no parametric control. The simplest AdS solutions are also perturbatively unstable. We extend the no-go theorems to slow-roll acceleration and test various swampland conjectures in our non-supersymmetric string setup. The question of numerically controlled, unstable dS is left open.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM line defect Schur index and semiclassical string
Authors: Beccaria M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The giant graviton expansion of the line defect Schur index in four dimensional $$ \mathcal{N}4 $$
N
4
U(N) SYM was recently proposed in arXiv:2403.11543 to be captured in the dual string theory by counting fluctuations states of two half-infinite fundamental strings in AdS5 × S5 ending on the line defect and D3 brane giant. However, agreement with the gauge theory data for the defect line index at finite N required the inclusion of ad hoc extra contributions with unclear origin. We discuss the large N leading order contribution of the giant graviton expansion of the defect line index by a direct analysis of semiclassical string partition function in a twisted background. We discuss supersymmetric boundary conditions in the presence of the D3 brane and evaluate the quadratic fluctuations effective action by introducing a suitable projection of fluctuation modes. We show that the extra contributions to the single giant graviton correction found in arXiv:2403.11543 correspond to a supersymmetric Casimir energy contribution.
Higher spins and Finsler geometry
Authors: Tomasiello Alessandro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Finsler geometry is a natural generalization of (pseudo-)Riemannian geometry, where the line element is not the square root of a quadratic form but a more general homogeneous function. Parameterizing this in terms of symmetric tensors suggests a possible interpretation in terms of higher-spin fields. We will see here that, at linear level in these fields, the Finsler version of the Ricci tensor leads to the curved-space Fronsdal equation for all spins, plus a Stueckelberg-like coupling. Nonlinear terms can also be systematically analyzed, suggesting a possible interacting structure. No particular choice of spacetime dimension is needed. The Stueckelberg mechanism breaks gauge transformations to a redundancy that does not change the geometry. This creates a serious issue: non-transverse modes are not eliminated, at least for the versions of Finsler dynamics examined in this paper.
Geometric quantum complexity of bosonic oscillator systems
Authors: Chowdhury Satyaki , Bojowald Martin , Mielczarek Jakub 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
According to the pioneering work of Nielsen and collaborators, the length of the minimal geodesic in a geometric realization of a suitable operator space provides a measure of the quantum complexity of an operation. Compared with the original concept of complexity based on the minimal number of gates required to construct the desired operation as a product, this geometrical approach amounts to a more concrete and computable definition, but its evaluation is nontrivial in systems with a high-dimensional Hilbert space. The geometrical formulation can more easily be evaluated by considering the geometry associated with a suitable finite-dimensional group generated by a small number of relevant operators of the system. In this way, the method has been applied in particular to the harmonic oscillator, which is also of interest in the present paper. However, subtle and previously unrecognized issues of group theory can lead to unforeseen complications, motivating a new formulation that remains on the level of the underlying Lie algebras for most of the required steps. Novel insights about complexity can thereby be found in a low-dimensional setting, with the potential of systematic extensions to higher dimensions as well as interactions. Specific examples include the quantum complexity of various target unitary operators associated with a harmonic oscillator, inverted harmonic oscillator, and coupled harmonic oscillators. The generality of this approach is demonstrated by an application to an anharmonic oscillator with a cubic term.
Roles of electric field/time-dependent Wilson line in toroidal compactification with or without magnetic fluxes
Authors: Abe Hiroyuki , Yamada Yusuke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We discuss the effects of electric fields along compact directions within (supersymmetric) gauge theory in $$ {\mathbb{R}}^{1,3}\times {\mathbbm{T}}^2\left(\times {\mathbbm{T}}^2\times {\mathbbm{T}}^2\right) $$

ℝ

1
,
3

×

T
2

×

T
2

×

T
2

. The electric field along compact directions is equivalent to time-dependent homogeneous configuration of Wilson line moduli, which would be relevant to physics in the early universe. In particular, we consider models with and without background magnetic fluxes, which lead to completely different effects of the electric field due to the difference in the Kaluza-Klein (KK) level structure. We show that, in the case without magnetic fluxes, the deceleration of KK momenta may cause non-perturbative KK particle production dubbed as the KK Schwinger effect, whereas in the case with magnetic flux such KK particle production does not take place but flavor structure of low energy effective theory may be affected.
Understanding neurotropic enteric viruses: routes of infection and mechanisms of attenuation
Authors: Lulla Valeria , Sridhar Adithya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe intricate connection between the gut and the brain involves multiple routes. Several viral families begin their infection cycle in the intestinal tract. However, amongst the long list of viral intestinal pathogens, picornaviruses, and astroviruses stand out for their ability to transition from the intestinal epithelia to central or peripheral nervous system cells. In immunocompromised, neonates and young children, these viral infections can manifest as severe diseases, such as encephalitis, meningitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. What confers this remarkable plasticity and makes them efficient in infecting cells of the gut and the brain axes? Here, we review the current understanding of the virus infection along the gut-brain axis for some enteric viruses and discuss the molecular mechanisms of their attenuation.
An interchange property for the rooted phylogenetic subnet diversity on phylogenetic networks
Authors: Coronado Tomás M. , Riera Gabriel , Rosselló Francesc 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFaith’s Phylogenetic Diversity (PD) on rooted phylogenetic trees satisfies the so-called strong exchange property that guarantees that, for every two sets of leaves of different cardinalities, a leaf can always be moved from the larger set to the smaller set in such a way that the sum of the PD values does not decrease. This strong exchange property entails a simple polynomial-time greedy solution to the PD optimization problem on rooted phylogenetic trees. In this paper we obtain an exchange property for the rooted Phylogenetic Subnet Diversity (rPSD) on rooted phylogenetic networks, which involves a more complicated exchange of leaves. We derive from it a polynomial-time greedy solution to the rPSD optimization problem on rooted semibinary level-2 phylogenetic networks.
Enhanced lymphangiogenesis in the left lateral segment of a biopsied liver during portoenterostomy for biliary atresia
Authors: Tsuruno Yudai , Sugita Koshiro , Muraji Toshihiro , Masuya Ryuta , Harumatsu Toshio , Yano Keisuke , Onishi Shun , Kawano Takafumi , Ichikawa Chihiro , Ohtani Haruo , Bitoh Yuko , Ieiri Satoshi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We investigate the histopathology of the portal vein branches and lymphatic vessels to elucidate the mechanism of atrophy of the left lateral segment (LLS) of the liver in biliary atresia (BA).

Methods
LLS and right anterior segment (RAS) liver biopsy samples obtained during Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) from ten consecutive patients with BA underwent histopathological investigation of the portal vein and lymphatic vessels using double chromogenic immunostaining for CD31/D2-40 and the hepatitis-like findings (HLF) score. Each parameter and clinical data were compared between prognostic groups.

Results
HLF scores in the LLS were always higher than those in the RAS. There was no difference in portal vein and lymphatic vascular morphology, whereas the number of lymphatic vessels was correlated with the fibrotic area of all specimen areas. Left-to-right ratio of the number of lymphatic vessels was correlated with the age at KPE (r = 0.784, p = 0.007) and the pre-KPE CRP value (r = 0.723, p = 0.018).

Conclusions
Lymphangiogenesis on the LLS compared to the RAS was significantly correlated with the degree of fibrosis and the age at KPE. Further investigation is warranted to clarify the causes of LLS atrophy and lymphangiogenesis relevant to immune dysregulation.
Ultra-processed food intake in toddlerhood and mid-childhood in the UK: cross sectional and longitudinal perspectives
Authors: Conway Rana E. , Heuchan Gabriella N. , Heggie Lisa , Rauber Fernanda , Lowry Natalie , Hallen Hannah , Llewellyn Clare H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
(i) Characterize ultra-processed food (UPF) intakes in toddlerhood and mid-childhood, including identifying principal UPF sub-groups and associations with nutrient profile; (ii) explore stability and change in UPF intake between toddlerhood and mid-childhood.

Methods
Data were from children in the UK Gemini twin cohort at 21 months (n = 2,591) and 7 years (n = 592) of age. UPF intakes were estimated using diet diaries and Nova classification. Complex samples general linear or logistic regression models were used to explore associations between UPF intake, UPF sub-groups and nutrients, and changes in intake over time.

Results
The contribution of UPF to total energy was 46.9% (± 14.7) at 21 months and 59.4% (± 12.5) at 7 years. Principal UPF sub-groups were yogurts, higher-fiber breakfast cereals, and wholegrain breads in toddlerhood, and puddings and sweet cereal products and white breads in mid-childhood. At both ages, mean free sugar and sodium intakes exceeded recommended maximums and higher UPF consumption was associated with consuming more of each nutrient (P < 0.001). UPF intake was negatively associated with fat, saturated fat and protein intake in toddlerhood, and fiber intake in mid-childhood (P < 0.001). Being in the highest UPF intake quintile in toddlerhood was predictive of being in the highest quintile in mid-childhood (OR 9.40, 95%CI 3.94–22.46).

Conclusions
UPF accounted for nearly half of toddlers’ energy, increasing to 59% in mid-childhood. Higher UPF consumers had higher intakes of free sugar and sodium. UPF intake in toddlerhood was predictive of mid-childhood intake. Effective policies are needed to reduce UPF intakes in the early years.
Evaluating the accuracy and reliability of non-piezo portable ultrasound devices in postpartum care
Authors: Plöger Ruben , Behning Charlotte , Walter Adeline , Wittek Agnes , Gembruch Ulrich , Strizek Brigitte , Recker Florian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The early diagnosis of hemorrhage via postpartum ultrasound is crucial to initiate therapy and, thus, prevent maternal death. In these critical situations rapid availability and simple transport of ultrasound devices is vital, paving the way for a new generation of portable handheld ultrasound devices (PUD) consisting of transducers and tablets or smart phones. However, evidence to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of these new devices is still scarce.

Methods
The accuracy and reliability of these new devices in relation to established standard ultrasound devices is analyses in this pilot study by comparing diagnoses and by applying statistical analysis via Bland–Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC). One hundred patients of a university hospital were included in this study.

Results
In all cases, the same diagnosis was made regardless of the applied ultrasound device, confirming high accuracy. There was a high correlation (PCC 0.951) and excellent agreement (ICC 0.974) in the assessment of the cavum, while the assessment of the diameters of the uterus showed only a good correlation and a good agreement. Subgroup analysis for maternal weight, mode of delivery and day after delivery was performed

Conclusion
The same diagnosis independent of the used devices and excellent results of the cavum assessment promote the use of PUDs in a clinical setting. The slightly lower accuracy in the measurement of the uterus may be caused by the PUD’s small acoustic window, reflecting one of its weaknesses. Therefore, the patient may benefit from the short time to diagnosis and the unbound location of examination, either in the delivery room, on the ward, or at home.
Cytological description of splendore-hoeppli phenomenon in an actinomycetes mycetoma in the skin of a guinea pig
Authors: Ecimovic Luka , Tvedten Harold , Lindström Lisa , Trägårdh Cecilia , Hillström Anna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA 10-month-old male guinea pig was presented with an area of alopecia and pruritus on the back. This progressed over 6 months to an ulcerated, painful skin mass. The aim of this report was to illustrate the unique cytological appearance of the Splendore-Hoeppli (SH) reaction, which has rarely been described in veterinary medicine. The mass was sampled using a fine-needle aspiration technique for cytological examination and bacteriological culture. Following cytological diagnosis and bacteriological results, the mass was surgically excised and histopathological examination was performed. Cytological examination of the mass revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation with filamentous bacteria identified by culture to be Actinomyces spp. The bacteria were often coated with a moderate amount of red to blue staining material, interpreted to represent the SH reaction. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon (SHP). The appearance of SH in histological specimens is well described in veterinary medicine, but the cytological appearance is not well recognized. This report illustrates well the cytological description of the material which should be recognized as a part of the immune response to insult, and not be mistaken as foreign material.
Comparative assessment of the stability of buccal shelf mini-screws with and without pre-drilling- a split-mouth, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ummat Arshia , Shetty Siddarth , Desai Asavari , Nambiar Supriya , Natarajan Srikant 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To examine and compare the stability of buccal shelf mini-screws using self-drilling and pre-drilling implant placement techniques.

Methodology
It was a split-mouth, randomized controlled trial comprising of 7 patients, each receiving two buccal shelf bone screws. The screws were placed using a self-drilling protocol in one quadrant and a pre-drilling protocol in the opposing quadrant decided via coin toss randomization. Stability was examined at the time of placement and 1,2, 3 and 4 months thereafter, using the Resonance Frequency Analysis method with the Osstell Beacon TM device. The Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) obtained was then compared and assessed between both quadrants. Friedman’s Two-Way Analysis of Variance and the Wilcoxon signed rank test were utilized for the intergroup comparison. A statistically significant result was defined as one with a p-value of less than 0.05.

Results
A statistically significant difference between the mean ISQ reading in the pre-drilling and self-drilling group was observed, indicating higher stability of bone screws placed with the pre-drilling protocol. The primary stability of the buccal shelf screws decreased after placement, but the secondary stability remained stable.

Conclusion
Buccal shelf bone screws placed with a pre-drilling protocol depicted greater primary and secondary stability as compared to the self-drilling protocol, as depicted by the ISQ readings obtained. Resonance Frequency Analysis can be used as a valuable tool to assess the stability of buccal shelf bone screws.

Clinical relevance
The use of buccal shelf screws has increased tremendously over the past few years due to their myriad applications and have now become an essential part of an orthodontist’s armamentarium. It is therefore essential for clinicians to be well-informed about all aspects of their use including insertion techniques. The results of this trial indicate that the pre-drilling protocol provides better stability and therefore treatment outcomes.
Single mandibular implant study - impact on dietary habits after 5 years of observation in patients with immediate and delayed loading protocols
Authors: Blender Sarah M. , Behrendt Christoph , Fritzer Elfriede , Kappel Stefanie , Kohal Ralf J. , Luthardt Ralph G. , Frfr. v. Maltzahn Nadine , Reissmann Daniel R. , Wolfart Stefan , Kern Matthias , Passia Nicole 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Single midline implants in the edentulous mandible can be used to support existing complete dentures to improve patients’ satisfaction and masticatory efficiency. The impact on patients’ dietary habits and the influence of the loading protocol of the implants was the subject of this study.

Materials and methods
In this prospective randomized clinical trial, edentulous patients with existing complete dentures in both jaws were treated with a single midline implant in the mandible. In group A, the implants were loaded immediately, in group B the loading was delayed after three months. Patients were asked to report on their nutritional intake before implant placement and 12, 24 and 60 months after loading using a standardized two-part questionnaire.

Results
Nutritional intake regarding the frequency of consumption of the requested food items did not change significantly during the 60-months study period, regardless of the loading protocol. In contrast, the second part of the questionnaire revealed that after 60 months, there was a significant decrease in avoidance of food, that had a coarse and hard texture in both groups. This significant decrease was observable in the group A in the first 12 and 24 months and in the group B after 60 months.

Conclusion
A change in the patients’ dietary habits due to the insertion of a single midline implant in the mandible to support the existing complete denture cannot be observed, independently to the loading protocol.

Clinical relevance
Improving the chewing efficiency by single midline implants in the edentulous mandible does not lead to a change in dietary habits.
FANCD2 genome binding is nonrandom and is enriched at large transcriptionally active neural genes prone to copy number variation
Authors: Blaize Justin L. , Garzon Jada Lauren N. , Howlett Niall G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by congenital abnormalities and increased risk for bone marrow failure and cancer. Central nervous system defects, including acute and irreversible loss of neurological function and white matter lesions with calcifications, have become increasingly recognized among FA patients, and are collectively referred to as Fanconi Anemia Neurological Syndrome or FANS. The molecular etiology of FANS is poorly understood. In this study, we have used a functional integrative genomics approach to further define the function of the FANCD2 protein and FA pathway. Combined analysis of new and existing FANCD2 ChIP-seq datasets demonstrates that FANCD2 binds nonrandomly throughout the genome with binding enriched at transcription start sites and in broad regions spanning protein-coding gene bodies. FANCD2 demonstrates a strong preference for large neural genes involved in neuronal differentiation, synapse function, and cell adhesion, with many of these genes implicated in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, FANCD2 binds to regions of the genome that replicate late, undergo mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS) under conditions of replication stress, and are hotspots for copy number variation. Our analysis describes an important targeted role for FANCD2 and the FA pathway in the maintenance of large neural gene stability.