bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions induced by proton pump inhibitors: A clinical and in vitro T‐cell reactivity study
Authors: Lin C.‐y. , Wang C.‐W. , Hui C.‐Y. R. , Chang Y.‐C. , Yang C.‐H. , Cheng C.‐Y. , Chen W.‐W. , Ke W.‐M. , Chung W.‐H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been known to induce type I hypersensitivity reactions. However, severe delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) induced by PPI, such as Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), or drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), are rarely reported. We conducted a study of a large series of PPI‐related DHR, followed up their tolerability to alternative anti‐ulcer agents, and investigated the T‐cell reactivity to PPI in PPI‐related DHR patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients with PPI‐related DHR from multiple medical centers in Taiwan during the study period January 2003 to April 2016. We analyzed the causative PPI, clinical manifestations, organ involvement, treatment, and complications. We also followed up the potential risk of cross‐hypersensitivity or tolerability to other PPI after their hypersensitivity episodes. Drug lymphocyte activation test (LAT) was conducted by measuring granulysin and interferon‐γ to confirm the causalities.ResultsThere were 69 cases of PPI‐related DHR, including SJS/TEN (n=27) and DRESS (n=10). The LAT by measuring granulysin showed a sensitivity of 59.3% and specificity of 96.4%. Esomeprazole was the most commonly involved in PPI‐related DHR (51%). Thirteen patients allergic to one kind of PPI could tolerate other structurally different PPI without cross‐hypersensitivity reactions, whereas three patients developed cross‐hypersensitivity reactions to alternative structurally similar PPI. The cross‐reactivity to structurally similar PPI was also observed in LAT assay.ConclusionsPPIs have the potential to induce life‐threatening DHR. In patients when PPI is necessary for treatment, switching to structurally different alternatives should be considered.
Immediate moxifloxacin hypersensitivity: Is there more than currently meets the eye?
Authors: Van Gasse A. L. , Sabato V. , Uyttebroek A. P. , Elst J. , Faber M. A. , Hagendorens M. M. , Mertens C. , Bridts C. H. , De Clerck L. S. , Ebo D. G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractImmediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (IDHR) to moxifloxacin constitute a pathomechanistic conundrum and a diagnostic challenge. Our objective was to study whether simultaneous phenotyping and quantification of histamine release might add to our knowledge about the basophil activation properties of moxifloxacin and constitute a reliable diagnostic aid. Fifteen patients with an IDHR to moxifloxacin and nine moxifloxacin challenged controls were selected. All had a basophil activation test (BAT) with moxifloxacin. Flow cytometric analysis of basophil responses implied labeling for CD63, CD203c, and intracellular histamine. Unlike tolerant challenged controls, basophilic upregulation of CD203c in response to moxifloxacin was observed in seven of 15 patients. Only two of these seven patients demonstrated appearance of CD63 and release of histamine. In the remainder eight patients, no basophil responses were demonstrable. In conclusion, immediate hypersensitivity to moxifloxacin might involve mechanisms difficult to capture by traditional CD63‐/CD203c‐based BAT. Deciphering the complexity of quinolone IDHR seems mandatory.
Dependence at a distance: Labour mobility and the evolution of the single industry town
Authors: Storey Keith , Hall Heather 
Published: June 2017

Key Messages

Commute work has created a new settlement phenomenon—resource dependent‐at‐a‐distance communities.
As with traditional single industry towns, dependent‐at‐a‐distance communities are vulnerable during resource downturns.
New policies are required to address the problems faced by dependent‐at‐a‐distance communities.
Modelling the sectoral allocation of labour in open economy models
Authors: Povoledo Laura 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIndivisible labour is not the only type of non‐convexity affecting labour supply decisions. Another type of non‐convexity arises in economies with sectors whenever individuals can work in only one sector at a time. I introduce this restriction into an open economy model with a tradeable and a non‐tradeable sector, and I use lotteries to convexify the consumption possibilities set. This approach implies that the aggregate elasticity of labour supply becomes infinite. I compare the performance of the model with an analogous model in which the labour supply elasticity is finite. I find that there is a disconnect between the response of wages to monetary shocks and the open economy variables. The labour supply elasticity plays a more important role in the transmission of technology and government expenditure shocks to the real exchange rate and the terms of trade.
Greater physical activity and higher androgen concentrations are independently associated with lower cardiometabolic risk in men
Authors: Chasland Lauren C. , Knuiman Matthew W. , Divitini Mark L. , Chan Yi X. , Handelsman David J. , Naylor Louise H. , Green Daniel J. , Yeap Bu B. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryContextMale ageing is associated with lower circulating testosterone (T) and increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether physical activity (PA) interacts with hormones to modify CVD risk is unclear.ObjectiveWe assessed whether PA and sex hormone concentrations were independently associated with measures of CVD risk.ParticipantsA total of 1649 men.MethodsLeisure, home, work and total PA were ascertained. At baseline, serum T, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and oestradiol (E2) were assayed. Men were stratified into high PA+high hormone (H/H); low PA+high hormone (L/H); high PA+low hormone (H/L); and low PA+low hormone (L/L).ResultsMean age was 49.8 years at outset with 415 CVD events and 127 CVD deaths occurring during 20‐year follow‐up. Men with higher PA and higher T or DHT had lower odds of metabolic syndrome (eg leisure H/H vs L/L odds ratio [OR] 0.17 P<.001 for T, 0.26 P<.001 for DHT). Men with higher PA and E2 had lower risk of metabolic syndrome (eg leisure PA H/H vs L/L OR 0.51, P=.001). Men with higher leisure, work or total PA and higher DHT had the lowest risk of CVD death (eg leisure H/H hazard ratio [HR] 0.55 vs L/L, P=.033). Men with lower leisure, home or work PA and higher E2 were at greater risk of CVD death (eg leisure L/H HR 1.60 vs L/L, P=.039).ConclusionsConsidering T, DHT and E2 in the context of PA better informs consideration of cardiovascular risk. A 2×2 factorial RCT assessing PA and androgens would illuminate the scope for preventing CVD in men.
The relationship between adiposity, bone density and microarchitecture is maintained in young women irrespective of diabetes status
Authors: Abdalrahaman N. , McComb C. , Foster J.E. , Lindsay R.S. , Drummond R. , McKay G.A. , Perry C.G. , Ahmed S.F. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe relationship between bone health and adiposity and how it may be affected in people with chronic metabolic conditions is complex.MethodsSeventeen women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and nine age‐matched healthy women with a median age of 22.6 years (range, 17.4, 23.8) were studied by 3T MRI and MR spectroscopy to assess abdominal adiposity, tibial bone microarchitecture and vertebral bone marrow adiposity (BMA). Additional measures included DXA‐based assessments of total body (TB), femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) and fat mass (FM).ResultsAlthough women with T1DM had similar BMI and BMA to the controls, they had higher visceral and subcutaneous adiposity on MRI (P<.05) and total body FM by DXA (P=.03). Overall, in the whole cohort, a clear inverse association was evident between BMA and BMD at all sites (P<.05). These associations remained significant after adjusting for age, BMI, FM and abdominal adiposity. In addition, visceral adiposity, but not subcutaneous adiposity, showed a positive association with BMA (r, .4, P=.03), and a negative association with total body BMD (r, .5, P=.02). Apparent trabecular separation as assessed by MRI showed an inverse association to total body BMD by DXA (r, −.4, P=.04).ConclusionIrrespective of the presence of an underlying metabolic condition, young women display a negative relationship between MRI‐measured BMA and DXA‐based assessment of BMD. Furthermore, an association between BMA and visceral adiposity supports the notion of a common origin of these two fat depots.
Contextualizing case reviews: A methodology for developing systemic safeguarding practices
Authors: Firmin Carlene 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper introduces a systemic methodology for reviewing professional responses to abuse between young people. The approach, “contextual case reviewing,” draws upon constructivist structuralism to assess the extent to which safeguarding practices engage with the social and public contexts of abuse. The paper conceptually compares the methodologies of contextual case review and other serious case review methods before drawing upon findings from 2 studies, which used the contextual case review methodology to explore the extrafamilial nature of peer‐on‐peer abuse and the ability of child protection practices to engage with this dynamic. Thematic findings from these studies regarding the practical interpretation of “significant harm” and “capacity to safeguard,” as well as their use within child protection assessments, are used to challenge conclusions of other case reviews, which imply that child protection procedures are sufficient for safeguarding young people. Contextual case reviews suggest that safeguarding practices, and the legislation that underpins them, are culturally, procedurally, and organisationally wedded to the context of the home, whereas insufficiently engaged with extrafamilial contexts of significant harm. The application of these issues require interrogation if social work systems are to provide sufficient mechanisms for safeguarding young people and families at risk of significant harm.
A novel PAX1 null homozygous mutation in autosomal recessive otofaciocervical syndrome associated with severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Paganini I. , Sestini R. , Capone G.L. , Putignano A.L. , Contini E. , Giotti I. , Gensini F. , Marozza A. , Barilaro A. , Porfirio B. , Papi L. 
Published: June 2017

Otofaciocervical syndrome (OFCS) is a rare disorder characterized by facial anomalies, cup‐shaped low‐set ears, preauricular fistulas, hearing loss, branchial defects, skeletal anomalies, and mild intellectual disability. Autosomal dominant cases are caused by deletions or point mutations of EYA1. A single family with an autosomal recessive form of OFCS and a homozygous missense mutation in PAX1 gene has been described.We report whole exome sequencing of 4 members of a consanguineous family in which 2 children, showing features of OFCS, expired from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). To date, the co‐occurrence of OFCS and SCID has never been reported. We found a nonsense homozygous mutation in PAX1 gene in the 2 affected children. In mice, Pax1 is required for the formation of specific skeletal structures as well as for the development of a fully functional thymus. The mouse model strongly supports the hypothesis that PAX1 depletion in our patients caused thymus aplasia responsible for SCID.This report provides evidence that bi‐allelic null PAX1 mutations may lead to a multi‐system autosomal recessive disorders, where SCID might represent the main feature.
Peridynamics‐Based Fracture Animation for Elastoplastic Solids
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhu Fei , Zhao Jing , Li Sheng , Wang Guoping 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we exploit the use of peridynamics theory for graphical animation of material deformation and fracture. We present a new meshless framework for elastoplastic constitutive modelling that contrasts with previous approaches in graphics. Our peridynamics‐based elastoplasticity model represents deformation behaviours of materials with high realism. We validate the model by varying the material properties and performing comparisons with finite element method (FEM) simulations. The integral‐based nature of peridynamics makes it trivial to model material discontinuities, which outweighs differential‐based methods in both accuracy and ease of implementation. We propose a simple strategy to model fracture in the setting of peridynamics discretization. We demonstrate that the fracture criterion combined with our elastoplasticity model could realistically produce ductile fracture as well as brittle fracture. Our work is the first application of peridynamics in graphics that could create a wide range of material phenomena including elasticity, plasticity, and fracture. The complete framework provides an attractive alternative to existing methods for producing modern visual effects.
Stem cell therapy for reconstruction of alveolar cleft and trauma defects in adults: A randomized controlled, clinical trial
Authors: Bajestan Mona N. , Rajan Archana , Edwards Sean P. , Aronovich Sharon , Cevidanes Lucia H. S. , Polymeri Angeliki , Travan Suncica , Kaigler Darnell 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundStem cell therapy with bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells is a promising tissue engineering strategy to promote regeneration of craniofacial bone.PurposeTo determine whether cell therapy with ex vivo expanded stem cell populations would be safe and efficacious in the regeneration of large alveolar defects in patients with a history of cleft palate or craniofacial trauma.Materials and MethodsEighteen patients (10 patients with traumatic injury and 8 patients with cleft palate) presenting with missing teeth associated with horizontal alveolar bone deficiencies were included in this randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients were randomized to receive either conventional autogenous block grafts or stem cell therapy. After a healing period of 4 months the treated sites were re‐entered and the bone width re‐assessed prior to implant placement. Implant stability was evaluated through torque testing of the implant upon insertion and at 6 months postloading.ResultsThe mean gain in bone width was 1.5 ± 1.5 mm in the stem cell therapy group and 3.3 ± 1.4 mm in the control group. Overall, bone gain was higher in trauma patients as compared to patients with cleft palate, for both the control and the stem cell therapy groups. Most postoperative complications were wound dehiscences and incision line openings. Implants were placed successfully in 5 out of 10 patients in the stem cell therapy group and in all 8 patients in the control group. One implant from the control/cleft palate group failed before loading, while the rest of the implants were loaded successfully and remained stable at 6 months. The patients who did not receive implants were re‐treated with autogenous block bone graft.ConclusionThe ability of stem cells to treat large alveolar defects is safe, yet, their ability to completely reconstitute large alveolar defects is limited. This approach requires further optimization to meet the outcomes seen using current methods to treat large defects, particularly those resultant of cleft palate.
Monitoring, imperfect detection, and risk optimization of a Tasmanian devil insurance population
Authors: Rout Tracy M. , Baker Christopher M. , Huxtable Stewart , Wintle Brendan A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMost species are imperfectly detected during biological surveys, which creates uncertainty around their abundance or presence at a given location. Decision makers managing threatened or pest species are regularly faced with this uncertainty. Wildlife diseases can drive species to extinction; thus, managing species with disease is an important part of conservation. Devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) is one such disease that led to the listing of the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) as endangered. Managers aim to maintain devils in the wild by establishing disease‐free insurance populations at isolated sites. Often a resident DFTD‐affected population must first be removed. In a successful collaboration between decision scientists and wildlife managers, we used an accessible population model to inform monitoring decisions and facilitate the establishment of an insurance population of devils on Forestier Peninsula. We used a Bayesian catch‐effort model to estimate population size of a diseased population from removal and camera trap data. We also analyzed the costs and benefits of declaring the area disease‐free prior to reintroduction and establishment of a healthy insurance population. After the monitoring session in May–June 2015, the probability that all devils had been successfully removed was close to 1, even when we accounted for a possible introduction of a devil to the site. Given this high probability and the baseline cost of declaring population absence prematurely, we found it was not cost‐effective to carry out any additional monitoring before introducing the insurance population. Considering these results within the broader context of Tasmanian devil management, managers ultimately decided to implement an additional monitoring session before the introduction. This was a conservative decision that accounted for uncertainty in model estimates and for the broader nonmonetary costs of mistakenly declaring the area disease‐free.
Postoperative outcomes and management strategies for coronary artery disease in patients in need of a lung transplantation
Authors: Khandhar Sameer J. , Althouse Andrew D. , Mulukutla Suresh , Kormos Robert , Toma Catalin , Marroquin Oscar , Volz Elizabeth , Tefera Leben , Bermudez Christian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatients requiring lung transplantation (LTx) may also have coronary artery disease (CAD). The peri‐operative management and long‐term outcomes of these patients are not well established.MethodsPatients referred for LTx from 2008 to 2014 were included in this study. CAD was defined by angiography as no CAD (stenosis <20%), moderate CAD (20%‐69%), and significant CAD (stenosis ≥70%). Revascularization was per recommendations of local heart team. Postoperative cardiovascular outcomes and long‐term survival are reported.ResultsA total of 1493 patients were screened for LTx during this period and 656 received a transplant. Of the patients that underwent LTx, 51% had no CAD, 33% had moderate non‐obstructive CAD, and 16% had obstructive CAD. Forty‐three patients underwent revascularization. There was a no increased risk of peri‐operative cardiovascular events or for adjusted mortality for patients with obstructive CAD (HR=1.24, 95% CI: 0.83‐1.86, P=.290) including those requiring revascularization.ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of coronary disease in the population of patients with advanced lung disease requiring lung transplantation. Careful evaluation and treatment can allow for patients with all severities of CAD including those requiring revascularization to successfully undergo LTx.
The role of biomechanical anatomical modeling via computed tomography for identification of restrictive allograft syndrome
Authors: Horie Miho , Saito Tomohito , Moseley Joanne , D'Errico Luigia , Salazar Pascal , Nakajima Daisuke , Brock Kristy , Yasufuku Kazuhiro , Binnie Matthew , Keshavjee Shaf , Paul Narinder 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) reduces long‐term graft survival. It is important to distinguish CLAD subtypes: bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS) as RAS has a worse prognosis and accurate subtyping could facilitate targeted treatments. However, the current diagnosis of CLAD subtypes is based on pulmonary function test (PFT) results that reflect global estimates of lung function; anatomical modeling based on computed tomography (CT) has the potential to provide detailed analysis of global and regional lung function. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of CT‐based anatomical modeling for the identification of RAS. This retrospective study included 51 patients (CLAD: 17 BOS and 17 RAS, control: 17 No‐CLAD). CT data were assessed using a biomechanical model‐based platform (MORFEUS) to characterize changes in lung deformation between baseline and disease onset. Lung deformation demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity (>80%) in differentiating RAS from BOS (P<.0001) and No‐CLAD (P<.0001). There were matching radiological reading and inward deformation abnormalities in 79% of lung sections in patients with RAS. Anatomical modeling is complementary to conventional assessment in the diagnosis of RAS and potentially provides quantitative data that can help in the characterization and detailed assessment of heterogeneous lung parenchymal disease.
Differential UBE2C and HOXA1 expression in melanocytic nevi and melanoma
Authors: Kraft Stefan , Moore Johanna B. , Muzikansky Alona , Scott Kenneth L. , Duncan Lyn M. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundRecent molecular advances suggest that Spitz nevi and other spitzoid neoplasms are biologically distinct from melanoma and conventional nevi. The ubiquitin ligase UBE2C and the homeobox transcription factor HOXA1 are candidate oncogenes in melanoma.MethodsUsing RNA expression analysis and immunohistochemistry, we evaluated these biomarkers in Spitz nevi (n = 20), melanoma (n = 20), and by immunohistochemistry in conventional nevi (n = 20).ResultsRNA analysis with branched DNA multiplex assay identified upregulation of UBE2C in melanomas vs Spitz nevi (P = .003), whereas HOXA1 was downregulated in melanoma (P < .0001). Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed increased nuclear expression of UBE2C in melanoma (mean = 18% of cells; range 3%‐44%) when compared with Spitz nevi (mean = 9%; range 2%‐28%; P = .001) and conventional nevi (mean = 1.5%; range 0‐9%; P < .0001). Strong UBE2C staining was identified in cells undergoing mitosis. UBE2C RNA and protein detection correlated with mitotic rate (P < .0001). On the other hand, HOXA1 nuclear staining was low in melanoma (mean = 69%; range 5%‐100%) when compared with Spitz nevi (mean = 94%; range 66%‐100%; P = .0024) and conventional nevi (mean = 94%; range 83%‐99%; P = .009).ConclusionsUBE2C and HOXA1 RNA and protein are differentially expressed in conventional and Spitz nevi and melanoma.