bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of anuran assemblages across habitats and seasons in a Neotropical savanna
Authors: Barros Rafael Assis , Dorado‐Rodrigues Tainá Figueras , Valadão Rafael Martins , Strüssmann Christine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDifferences between habitats and seasonal changes in climate are some of the main factors responsible for shaping diversity patterns and biological community structures. In this context, anurans are considered excellent models for ecological studies due to their high sensitivity to environmental changes. This study analyzed how differences between open and forested formations and seasonality influence the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of anuran assemblages in an area of Neotropical savanna. Parameters of taxonomic (species richness—SR), functional (functional diversity—SES.FD, functional dispersion—FDis, and functional redundancy—FR), and phylogenetic diversity (phylogenetic species variability—PSV and phylogenetic species richness—PSR) were used to quantify spatiotemporal changes in the anuran assemblages. Sampling was carried out over 15 months, using pitfall traps and active searches. In total, we recorded 598 individuals belonging to 21 species and seven families. Species composition, SR, and PSR differed between habitats and seasons, the latter two being higher in open formations during the rainy season. SES.FD differed seasonally and was higher in the dry season. FDis, FR, and PSV did not differ between treatments. Anurans from forested formations were functionally and phylogenetically clustered during the rainy season, while those from open formations were functionally clustered during the same season. Habitat type and seasonal variation were important in determining the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of the anuran assemblages. However, changes in climate and land use are expected to negatively impact the ecological and evolutionary diversity of these organisms in the Cerrado, reinforcing the importance of conservation policies and actions.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Modulating reward and aversion: Insights into addiction from the paraventricular nucleus
Authors: Huang Shihao , Shi Cuijie , Tao Dan , Yang Chang , Luo Yixiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundDrug addiction, characterized by compulsive drug use and high relapse rates, arises from complex interactions between reward and aversion systems in the brain. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN), located in the anterior hypothalamus, serves as a neuroendocrine center and is a key component of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.ObjectiveThis review aimed to explore how the PVN impacts reward and aversion in drug addiction through stress responses and emotional regulation and to evaluate the potential of PVN as a therapeutic target for drug addiction.MethodsWe review the current literature, focusing on three main neuron types in the PVN—corticotropin‐releasing factor, oxytocin, and arginine vasopressin neurons—as well as other related neurons, to understand their roles in modulating addiction.ResultsExisting studies highlight the PVN as a key mediator in addiction, playing a dual role in reward and aversion systems. These findings are crucial for understanding addiction mechanisms and developing targeted therapies.ConclusionThe role of PVN in stress response and emotional regulation suggests its potential as a therapeutic target in drug addiction, offering new insights for addiction treatment.
The value of patch testing with plants “as is” in diagnosing plant sensitization
Authors: Paulsen Evy , Mortz Charlotte G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe number of commercially available plant allergens/extracts is limited and therefore patch testing with fresh/dried plant material may be a necessary supplement in diagnosing plant allergy.ObjectivesTo evaluate the usefulness of patch testing with plants “as is” compared to patch testing with commercial and in‐house produced plant test materials and to report on species eliciting positive patch test reactions.Patients/Materials/MethodsConsecutive eczema patients, who were patch tested between January 2019 and December 2023 and who had at least one positive reaction to a plant allergen and/or extract and/or plant “as is” were included in the study.ResultsA total 57 out of 1893 patients tested (3%) were sensitised to plants. Compositae plants were the most frequent sensitizers, followed by tomato, tulipalin A, falcarinol, and Philodendron plants. In 12 patients (21%), the diagnosis was based on patch testing with fresh plants only. Occupational sensitization occurred in 32%. Other sensitizers included Hydrangea, Pelargonium zonale, and Monstera.ConclusionsA large minority of plant‐sensitised patients would have been undiagnosed without patch testing with plants “as is.” Most of the culprit plants were known sensitizers, but not commercially available, and these and new species taken into cultivation makes patch testing with fresh plants unavoidable and worthwhile.
Computational drug discovery pipelines identify NAMPT as a therapeutic target in neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Lee Adam , Lee Lauren , Dehm Scott M. , Huang R. Stephanie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNeuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive advanced subtype of prostate cancer that exhibits poor prognosis and broad resistance to therapies. Currently, few treatment options are available, highlighting a need for new therapeutics to help curb the high mortality rates of this disease. We designed a comprehensive drug discovery pipeline that quickly generates drug candidates ready to be tested. Our method estimated patient response to various therapeutics in three independent prostate cancer patient cohorts and selected robust candidate drugs showing high predicted potency in NEPC tumors. Using this pipeline, we nominated NAMPT as a molecular target to effectively treat NEPC tumors. Our in vitro experiments validated the efficacy of NAMPT inhibitors in NEPC cells. Compared with adenocarcinoma LNCaP cells, NAMPT inhibitors induced significantly higher growth inhibition in the NEPC cell line model NCI‐H660. Moreover, to further assist clinical development, we implemented a causal feature selection method to detect biomarkers indicative of sensitivity to NAMPT inhibitors. Gene expression modifications of selected biomarkers resulted in changes in sensitivity to NAMPT inhibitors consistent with expectations in NEPC cells. Validation of these markers in an independent prostate cancer patient dataset supported their use to inform clinical efficacy. Our findings pave the way for new treatments to combat pervasive drug resistance and reduce mortality. Furthermore, this research highlights the use of drug sensitivity‐related biomarkers to understand mechanisms and potentially indicate clinical efficacy.
Prominent tissue hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis obscuring primary cutaneous gamma/delta (γδ) T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Fisher Craig M. , Capen Steven F. , Bandino Justin P. , Holmes Allen R. , Lee Christine M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrimary cutaneous gamma/delta (γδ) T‐cell lymphoma (PCGDTCL) is a rare, aggressive malignant neoplasm of γδ T lymphocytes arising within the skin and subcutis. We present a challenging case of PCGDTCL diagnosed in a 35‐year‐old male soldier who presented with constitutional symptoms, pancytopenia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), disseminated lymphadenopathy, and cutaneous lesions on his extremities and back following a deployment to Iraq and Syria. Histopathologic evaluation of an excisional biopsy showed that PCGDTCL can be focal, localized to the subcutaneous adipose tissue, and obscured by predominant HLH in the surrounding tissues. Pathologists should recognize that the diagnosis of PCGDTCL may be confounded by florid HLH and require multiple biopsies and a comprehensive immunohistochemical panel.
Relationship between weight‐adjusted‐waist index and all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhang Tian‐Yu , Zhang Zi‐Meng , Wang Xue‐Ning , Kuang Hong‐Yu , Xu Qian , Li Hong‐Xue , Xu Cheng‐Ye , Zhao Kang‐Qi , Zhang Cong , Hao Ming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationship between the weight‐adjusted‐waist index (WWI) and all‐cause mortality as well as cardiovascular mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 and the UK Biobank database. Restricted cubic spline curves and Cox proportional hazards models were employed to assess hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all‐cause mortality.ResultsIn the UK Biobank database, compared with the lowest WWI quartile, the HR for all‐cause and cardiovascular death in the highest quartile was 1.846 (95% CI 1.687‐2.019) and 2.118 (95% CI 1.783‐2.517), respectively, in the fully adjusted model. In the NHANES database, compared with the lowest WWI quartile, the highest quartile had an HR of 1.727 (95% CI 1.378‐2.163) for all‐cause death and 1.719 (95% CI 1.139‐2.595) for cardiovascular death in the fully adjusted model.ConclusionsOur study indicates that WWI has a long‐term synergistic negative impact on all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The WWI is an independent predictor of mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Cognitive behavioral phenotyping of DSCAM heterozygosity as a model for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Neff Ryan C. , Stangis Katherine A. , Beniwal Ujjawal , Hergenreder Ty , Ye Bing , Murphy Geoffrey G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is estimated that 1 in 36 children are affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States, which is nearly a twofold increase from a decade ago. Recent genetic studies have identified de novo loss‐of‐function (dnLoF) mutations in the Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (DSCAM) as a strong risk factor for ASD. Previous research has shown that DSCAM ablation confers social interaction deficits and perseverative behaviors in mouse models. However, it remains unknown to what extent DSCAM underexpression captures the full range of behaviors, specifically cognitive phenotypes, presented in ASD. Here, we conducted a comprehensive cognitive behavioral phenotyping which revealed that loss of one copy of DSCAM, as in the DSCAM2J+/−, that is, DSCAM heterozygous mice, displayed hyperactivity, increased anxiety‐like behavior, and motor coordination deficits. Additionally, hippocampal‐dependent learning and memory was affected, including impairments in working memory, long‐term memory, and contextual fear learning. Interestingly, implicit learning processes remained intact. Therefore, DSCAM LoF produces autistic‐like behaviors that are similar to those observed in human cases of ASD. These findings further support a role for DSCAM dnLoF mutations in ASD and suggest DSCAM2J+/− as a suitable model for ASD research.
Evaluation of the reliability and usability of CARE‐Radiology: A descriptive‐analytic study
Authors: Wang Mengshu , Luo Xufei , Estill Janne , Spruyt Karen , Kurokawa Ryo , Persaud Nav , Shimamura Yasuteru , Raison Holly , Franco Paolo Niccolò , Maino Cesare , Elkhayat Hussein , Galal Rehab A. , Kimura Daisuke , Omata Shingo , Ryzhkin Sergey A. , Izmailov Timur R. , Bashirov Rustem A. , Bian Zhaoxiang , Tian Jinhui , Lei Junqiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimThe study aimed to evaluate the reliability and usability of the CARE‐Radiology checklist in assessing radiological case reports and provide a basis for its broader adoption and optimization.MethodsTen randomly selected radiological case reports published in scientific journals in 2020 were evaluated using the CARE‐Radiology checklist. Twenty‐six experts from 10 countries were invited to independently assess all ten reports. The reliability of the checklist was measured using Fleiss' Kappa, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Usability was evaluated by recording the time taken to complete the assessments and requesting the evaluators to rate each item on a Likert scale for its easiness of use.ResultsThe median time for evaluating one radiological case report was 15 min. The overall agreement among evaluators showed moderate reliability with a Kappa value of 0.47 and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.51. The mean compliance rate for the items of CARE‐Radiology was 61.8%, with some items exceeding 90% compliance. Items related to abstracts and keywords had the lowest compliance rates. The evaluators found most items easy to understand, with a few exceptions.ConclusionsThe CARE‐Radiology checklist is relatively easy for researchers to use and understand. Continuous feedback is necessary for future revisions and updates, to enhance the effectiveness of the checklist, and to improve user experience.
The association between the eGFR slope and cardiorenal prognosis in patients with renoprotective treatments: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bai Shuzhen , Lin Chu , Cai Xiaoling , Wu Han , Jiao Ruoyang , Hu Suiyuan , Lv Fang , Yang Wenjia , Ji Linong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe associations between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope and the cardiorenal prognosis in patients with renoprotective drugs have not been well characterized yet.MethodsPubMed, Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, Weipu databases and Clinicaltrial.gov were searched from inception to April 2023. Event‐driven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating renoprotective drugs and reporting eGFR slopes in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, type 2 diabetes, or chronic kidney disease were included.ResultsIn all, 25 RCTs with 179,893 participants were included. The preservation of eGFR was observed in patients with renoprotective drugs, with a comparator‐adjusted total eGFR slope of 0.51 mL/min per 1.73 m2/year (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.70). It was indicated that the eGFR preservation reflected by the positive comparator‐adjusted total eGFR slope was associated with a reduced risk of composite renal outcome (β = −0.097, 95% CI, –0.178 to –0.016, p = 0.022), but was not associated with the risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or all‐cause mortality. In patients with SGLT2i, MRA, or RAASi treatments, the placebo‐adjusted acute eGFR slope was –0.59 mL/min per 1.73 m2 per week (95% CI, –0.74 to –0.43), which was marginally associated with a reduced risk of composite renal outcome (β = 0.290, 95% CI, 0.000 to 0.581, p = 0.050), but was not associated with the risks of MACE or all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsThe eGFR preservation reflected by the positive comparator‐adjusted total eGFR slope was associated with a reduced risk of composite renal outcome in patients receiving renoprotective agents. Greater acute decline in eGFR during the initiation of the treatment might confer a trend of fewer renal events in patients receiving SGLT2i, MRA, or RAASi.
Increased Expression of PDGFA Is Associated With Poor Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Kaiqin , Li Changya , Chen Huarong , Gu Ping , Lu Jiafeng , Zhao Houyu , Zhuo Xianlu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPlatelet‐derived growth factor A (PDGFA) has been shown to be upregulated in several tumors, contributing to their malignant phenotypes. However, its expression and function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) are not clearly understood. Thus, we aimed to evaluate this issue using bioinformatic analyses and primary experimental validation.MethodsThe expression of PDGFA was analyzed using popular bio‐databases and further validated by RT‐PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Survival analyses were then performed. The association between PDGFA expression levels and immune cell infiltration in the immune microenvironment was assessed.ResultsPDGFA has been found to be significantly upregulated in a variety of cancers, including HNSC, and increased PDGFA expression may be an independent prognostic factor associated with immune cell infiltration in HNSC.ConclusionOverexpression of PDGFA in HNSC is significantly associated with poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). PDGFA has potential as a molecular indicator for diagnosis, prognosis, and immune processes in HNSC.
Establishing human microbial observatory programs in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Gordon Jeffrey I. , Barratt Michael J. , Hibberd Matthew C. , Rahman Mustafizur , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStudies of the human microbiome are progressing rapidly but have largely focused on populations living in high‐income countries. With increasing evidence that the microbiome contributes to the pathogenesis of diseases that affect infants, children, and adults in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), and with profound and rapid ongoing changes occurring in our lifestyles and biosphere, understanding the origins of and developing microbiome‐directed therapeutics for treating a number of global health challenges requires the development of programs for studying human microbial ecology in LMICs. Here, we discuss how the establishment of long‐term human microbial observatory programs in selected LMICs could provide one timely approach.
Impact of Community Proactive Health Management Application on Electronic Health Literacy and Self‐Management of Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Jiang Yueyan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveInvestigating the impact of the Community Proactive Health Management Application on electronic health literacy, self‐management level, and blood pressure in hypertensive patients within the community.MethodsBetween September and November 2020, two communities in Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China were selected as the intervention and control groups using convenience sampling. Subsequently, 30 hypertensive patients from each of the two communities were randomly selected to participate as study subjects. The control group patients received foundational hypertension management, whereas the intervention group received additional care through the Community Proactive Health Management Application.ResultsFollowing a 3‐month period, the intervention group exhibited significantly higher total scores (t = 2.193, p = 0.032) and application dimension scores (t = 2.605, p = 0.012) for electronic health literacy compared to the control group. The total scores of electronic health literacy scale for both the intervention (t = −5.671, p < 0.001) and control (t = −3.613, p = 0.001) groups were higher after the intervention compared to before. The total score of the self‐management scale (t = 3.872, p < 0.001), as well as the scores for the treatment management (t = 6.580, p < 0.001) and habit management dimensions (t = 2.315, p = 0.024) of hypertensive patients in the intervention group, were significantly higher than those in the control group. The self‐management scores of both groups of hypertensive patients showed a significant increase compared to preintervention levels (intervention group t = −14.391, p < 0.001; control group t = −6.584, p < 0.001). The intervention group exhibited a statistically significant decrease in systolic blood pressure compared to the control group (Z = −2.036, p = 0.042). Following the intervention, both groups exhibited a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels compared to preintervention levels (all p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe Community Proactive Health Management Application has the potential to enhance the electronic health literacy and self‐management capabilities of hypertensive patients, enabling them to engage in better health management, reduce hypertension levels, and elevate their overall quality of life.
Knowledge‐Guided Automated Cartographic Generalization Process Construction: A Case Study Based on Map Analysis of Public Maps of China
Authors: Gao Xiaorong , Yan Haowen , Chen Zhongkui , Yin Panfei 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of conveying information through maps heavily depends on the quality of map generalization. However, automating map generalization poses a complex decision‐making challenge, requiring a profound understanding of the process—specifically, knowledge about the generalization procedure. Currently, there is a scarcity of research on the sequence of generalization operations, particularly for cartographic generalization involving symbolization and labeling. On the contrary, customary maps generated in practical applications consistently adhere to the specified generalization and symbolization protocol, which makes it feasible and credible to construct this overall process based on expert knowledge. To reconcile this incongruity, this paper presents a knowledge‐guided automated cartographic generalization process construction. Firstly, an exhaustive examination of the sequential procedures involved in manual generalization and a well‐applied automated generalization system are delineated, drawing upon map analysis methodologies, observations, and expert interviews. Then, elaborate guidelines governing each phase within this process, particularly concerning the symbolization and labeling of map features, are explored. Ultimately, details of the expert interview are described and a map generalized by the well‐applied system is analyzed. The results show that the automated generalization system follows the knowledge‐guided process in this paper can significantly improve production efficiency in practice, this study serves as a connection between cartographers and developers and may help achieve a higher level of automated cartographic generalization.
Clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and short‐term outcome of eight cats presented with suspected traumatic atlantoaxial hyperflexion
Authors: Llanos Cesar , Fitzgerald Ella , Marti‐Garcia Bernat , De Decker Steven 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTraumatic atlantoaxial hyperflexion is considered rare in cats, and only a few case reports have been published. There are other conditions that can result in a peracute onset of neurological signs localized to the cervical spinal cord segments, including acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion, ischemic myelopathy, or vertebral fractures. Appropriate treatment for these conditions can only be initiated after an accurate diagnosis has been obtained. The aim of this observational, retrospective, single‐center, descriptive case series study was to describe the clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and short‐term outcome of eight cats presented with suspected traumatic atlantoaxial hyperflexion. Young male healthy domestic shorthair cats were overrepresented (7/8) and typically presented with a peracute, nonprogressive, nonpainful, nonlateralizing C1–C5 myelopathy (tetraplegia or nonambulatory tetraparesis) following a road traffic accident or head trauma. All MRI studies demonstrated a solitary, focal, ill‐defined intramedullary lesion immediately dorsal to the dens of the axis, affecting both grey and white matter. All cats were treated medically. In 50% of the cats, the neurological grade improved at discharge or short‐term follow‐up, 25% of the cats recovered completely, one cat was static at short‐term follow‐up, and one cat was euthanized due to persistent forebrain signs and lack of neurological improvement.