bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Correlates of Risk Processing Among Adolescents: Influences of Parental Monitoring and Household Chaos
Authors: Lauharatanahirun Nina , Maciejewski Dominique , Holmes Christopher , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Kim‐Spoon Jungmeen , King‐Casas Brooks 
Published: January 2018

Adolescent risky behavior is related to developmental changes in decision‐making processes and their neural correlates. Yet, research investigating how the family environment relates to risk processing in the adolescent brain is limited. In this study, longitudinal data were collected from 167 adolescents (13–15 years, 53% male) who self‐reported household chaos and their parent's monitoring practices, and completed a decision‐making task during functional MRI at Time 1 and Time 2 (1 year apart). Parental knowledge was positively related to insular risk processing only among adolescents in low‐chaos environments at both time points. Results highlight environmental correlates of insular risk processing in the developing brain.
The Developmental State: Dead or Alive?
Authors: Wade Robert H. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTBefore the 1980s, the mainstream Western prescription for developing countries to catch up with the West assigned the state a leading role in governing the market. In the 1980s, this shifted to a framework‐providing role in a largely deregulated and maximally open economy. Also in the 1980s, it became apparent that some East Asian capitalist economies were growing so fast that they would become ‘developed’ in the foreseeable future, marking them out as completely exceptional. Mainstream economists explained their success as the result of following the Western prescription, while other scholars attributed this rapid growth to ‘the developmental state’. This essay compares these two explanations of successful economic development, concluding in favour of the latter — with respect to the catch‐up decades. But what happened subsequently? Several scholars who accept the key role of the developmental state in the early period of fast industrialization in East Asia now argue that South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore have transformed from developmental to close‐to‐neoliberal states. This contribution argues that the erstwhile East Asian developmental states have indeed changed, but they have not transformed into neoliberal states. Rather they have adapted and evolved, but still undertake market‐steering, ‘societal mission’ roles well beyond neoliberal limits. The essay also suggests how other developing countries can learn lessons from their experience.
The Political Economy of Financialization in the United States, Europe and India
Authors: Jayadev Arjun , Mason J.W. , Schröder Enno 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe quantitative growth and increased social prominence of financial institutions and markets can be usefully seen in terms of the constraints or ‘discipline’ they impose on other private and public decision makers. The role of finance in allocating real resources may be less important than its role in supporting the claims and authority of wealth‐owners vis‐a‐vis other social actors. This article discusses the political economy of financialization in the United States, Europe and India. In the United States, the latter role is most visible in the pressure non‐financial corporations face to increase payouts to shareholders. In Europe, the financial constraints on national governments are more salient. Tightening these constraints is openly acknowledged as the major benefit of financial integration, yet, on the other hand, the constraints financialization imposes on policy may also limit the extent to which finance can in fact be liberalized. This countervailing pressure is visible in the great expansion of central banks’ balance sheets and management of financial markets over the past decade. It is even more clearly visible in India, where the conflict between financialization and concrete policy goals has sharply limited the extent of liberalization, despite consistent rhetorical support.
The validity and reliability of the Test of Arm Selective Control for children with cerebral palsy: a prospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sukal‐Moulton Theresa , Gaebler‐Spira Deborah , Krosschell Kristin J 
Published: January 2018

AimThis study examined the reliability and validity of the Test of Arm Selective Control (TASC) to examine upper extremity selective voluntary motor control in children and adolescents with all types of spastic cerebral palsy (CP).MethodFifty‐six participants with CP, ranging in age from 5 years 9 months to 18 years 11 months (average 11y 7mo, SD 3y 9mo; 25 males, 31 females), participated in this prospective cross‐sectional study. They were evaluated using the TASC and several clinical measures.ResultsTASC and Manual Ability Classification System (r=−0.529, p<0.001), TASC and ABILHAND‐Kids (r=0.596, p<0.001), and TASC and affected extremities (r=−0.486, p=0.001) were moderately correlated. There was a weak correlation between the TASC and Gross Motor Function Classification System (r=−0.363, p=0.006) and no correlation between the TASC and age (p=0.366) or rater (p=0.713). Interrater reliability for upper extremity total score (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.92–0.94) and upper extremity limb scores (ICC=0.92–0.96) was high for two independent rater groups (p≤0.001). Average time to administer was 16 minutes, 18 seconds.InterpretationThe TASC is a reliable and valid tool for objective assessment of selective voluntary motor control. Clinically this measure may guide the selection of medical, surgical, or therapy interventions and may improve outcome prognosis.What this paper adds

The Test of Arm Selective Control (TASC) demonstrates a high degree of reliability and multiple aspects of validity when assessing upper extremity selective control in those with cerebral palsy.

The TASC is an upper limb companion to the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity.
Uncovering the geographical and host impacts on the classification of Vibrio vulnificus
Authors: Yu Shoukai 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVibrio vulnificus causes human sickness throughout the world via the consumption of undercooked seafood or exposure to contaminated water. Previous attempts at phylogenetic analyses of V. vulnificus have proven unsuccessful, mainly due to the poorly understood impact of factors on its divergence. In this study, we used advanced statistical and phylogenetic methods to strengthen the classification of V. vulnificus. This updated classification included the impact of geographical and host factors. The results demonstrate the existence of hierarchies and multidimensional effects in the classification of V. vulnificus, from the molecular level using biotypes, to the distributional level using geographical location, to the adaptational level through host immune response. These findings have implications for the classification of bacteria, bacterial evolution, and public health.
Genomic sequence and copy number evolution during hybrid crop development in sunflowers
Authors: Owens Gregory L. , Baute Gregory J. , Hubner Sariel , Rieseberg Loren H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHybrid crops, an important part of modern agriculture, rely on the development of male and female heterotic gene pools. In sunflowers, heterotic gene pools were developed through the use of crop‐wild relatives to produce cytoplasmic male sterile female and branching, fertility restoring male lines. Here, we use genomic data from a diversity panel of male, female, and open‐pollinated lines to explore the genetic changes brought during modern improvement. We find the male lines have diverged most from their open‐pollinated progenitors and that genetic differentiation is concentrated in chromosomes, 8, 10 and 13, due to introgressions from wild relatives. Ancestral variation from open‐pollinated varieties almost universally evolved in parallel for both male and female lines suggesting little or no selection for heterotic overdominance. Furthermore, we show that gene content differs between the male and female lines and that differentiation in gene content is concentrated in high FST regions. This means that the introgressions that brought branching and fertility restoration to the male lines, brought with them different gene content from the ancestral haplotypes, including the removal of some genes. Although we find no evidence that gene complementation genomewide is responsible for heterosis between male and female lines, several of the genes that are largely absent in either the male or female lines are associated with pathogen defense, suggesting complementation may be functionally relevant for crop breeders.
Optimization and performance testing of a sequence processing pipeline applied to detection of nonindigenous species
Authors: Scott Ryan , Zhan Aibin , Brown Emily A. , Chain Frédéric J. J. , Cristescu Melania E. , Gras Robin , MacIsaac Hugh J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGenetic taxonomic assignment can be more sensitive than morphological taxonomic assignment, particularly for small, cryptic or rare species. Sequence processing is essential to taxonomic assignment, but can also produce errors because optimal parameters are not known a priori. Here, we explored how sequence processing parameters influence taxonomic assignment of 18S sequences from bulk zooplankton samples produced by 454 pyrosequencing. We optimized a sequence processing pipeline for two common research goals, estimation of species richness and early detection of aquatic invasive species (AIS), and then tested most optimal models’ performances through simulations. We tested 1,050 parameter sets on 18S sequences from 20 AIS to determine optimal parameters for each research goal. We tested optimized pipelines’ performances (detectability and sensitivity) by computationally inoculating sequences of 20 AIS into ten bulk zooplankton samples from ports across Canada. We found that optimal parameter selection generally depends on the research goal. However, regardless of research goal, we found that metazoan 18S sequences produced by 454 pyrosequencing should be trimmed to 375–400 bp and sequence quality filtering should be relaxed (1.5 ≤ maximum expected error ≤ 3.0, Phred score = 10). Clustering and denoising were only viable for estimating species richness, because these processing steps made some species undetectable at low sequence abundances which would not be useful for early detection of AIS. With parameter sets optimized for early detection of AIS, 90% of AIS were detected with fewer than 11 target sequences, regardless of whether clustering or denoising was used. Despite developments in next‐generation sequencing, sequence processing remains an important issue owing to difficulties in balancing false‐positive and false‐negative errors in metabarcoding data.
Cross‐sectional and prospective associations of meeting 24‐h movement guidelines with overweight and obesity in preschool children
Authors: Berglind D. , Ljung R. , Tynelius P. , Brooke H. L. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundCross‐sectional studies report that meeting the newly developed 24‐h movement guidelines (≥60 min moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), ≤120 min screen time and 9–11 h sleep duration) are associated with lower adiposity indicators in children. However, prospective data are absent.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 830 children from the PRIMROSE study with GT3X+ accelerometer measured physical activity and parent reported screen time and sleep duration at age 4 years and objectively measured anthropometrics at age 4 and 5 years. The main outcome variables were weight status, body mass index (BMI) and BMI z‐score at ages 4 and 5 years. Exposure variables were defined as meeting vs. not meeting the 24‐h movement guidelines and combinations of these recommendations.ResultsOn average, 18.4% of the total study sample met the combination of MVPA, sleep duration and screen time recommendations. In isolation, the MVPA, screen time and sleep guidelines were met by 31%, 63% and 98% of the total study sample, respectively. Adherence to any single recommendation, or any combination of recommendations at age 4 years, was not associated with being overweight or obese nor with BMI and BMI z‐score at age 4 or 5 years.ConclusionsIn contrast to previous cross‐sectional studies, neither individual movement behaviours nor combinations of behaviours at age 4 years was associated with overweight or obesity, BMI or BMI z‐score at age 4 or 5 years. More prospective data are needed before effects on weight status from meeting the 24‐h movement guidelines are elucidated.
Adoptive transfer of CD3+ T cells and CD4+CD44high memory T cells induces autoimmune pancreatitis in MRL/MpJ mice
Authors: Ehlers Luise , Rohde Sarah , Ibrahim Saleh , Jaster Robert 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe immunopathogenesis of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is poorly understood. Here, we have used MRL/MpJ mice, a model of spontaneous AIP, to address the role of cellular autoimmune processes in the initiation and progression of the disease. Therefore, different T cell subpopulations were adoptively transferred from sick to still healthy (but susceptible) MRL/MpJ mice. Unpurified splenocytes and CD3+ T cells both efficiently induced AIP, while CD4+ and CD8+ T cells alone, as well as splenocytes from healthy mice, were insufficient to trigger the disease. Strikingly, CD4+CD44high memory T cells, although transferred at lower numbers than other T cells, also induced AIP in recipient mice. Employing a modified experimental design, we also evaluated the effects of regulatory T cells (Tregs) on the progression of AIP in already diseased mice. Under the given experimental conditions, there was no significant suppressive effect of adoptively transferred Tregs on pancreatic histopathology. The results of our studies suggest a key role of T cell‐mediated processes in murine AIP. The effects of CD4+CD44high memory T cells are in accordance with genetic studies of our group, which had previously implicated this cell type into the pathogenesis of AIP. In follow‐up studies, we will focus on the interplay of cellular and humoral autoimmunity in the context of AIP.
Synovial fibroblast‐targeting liposomes encapsulating an NF‐κB‐blocking peptide ameliorates zymosan‐induced synovial inflammation
Authors: You Changcheng , Zu Jianing , Liu Xiaoqi , Kong Pengyu , Song Chengchao , Wei Rongzhi , Zhou Changlong , Wang Yufu , Yan Jinglong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSynovial fibroblasts (SFs) play a crucial role in the inflammatory process of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The highly activated NF‐κB signal in SFs is responsible for most of the synovial inflammation associated with this disease. In this study, we have developed an SF‐targeting liposomal system that encapsulates the NF‐κB‐blocking peptide (NBD peptide) HAP‐lipo/NBD. HAP‐lipo/NBDs demonstrated efficient SF‐specific targeting in vitro and in vivo. Our study also showed a significant inhibitory effect of HAP‐lipo/NBD on NF‐κB activation, inflammatory cytokine release and SF migration capability after zymosan stimulation. Furthermore, the systemic administration of HAP‐lipo/NBDs significantly inhibited synovial inflammation and improved the pathological scores of arthritis induced by zymosan. Thus, these results suggest that an SF‐targeting NF‐κB‐blocking strategy is a potential approach for the development of alternative, targeted anti‐RA therapies.
Clostridium difficile toxin B induces autophagic cell death in colonocytes
Authors: Chan Hung , Zhao Shan , Zhang Lin , Ho Jeffery , Leung Czarina C.H. , Wong Wai T. , Tian Yuanyuan , Liu Xiaodong , Kwong Thomas N.Y. , Chan Raphael C.Y. , Yu Sidney S.B. , Wang Maggie H.T. , Tse Gary , Wong Sunny H. , Chan Matthew T.V. , Wu William K.K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractToxin B (TcdB) is a major pathogenic factor of Clostridum difficile. However, the mechanism by which TcdB exerts its cytotoxic action in host cells is still not completely known. Herein, we report for the first time that TcdB induced autophagic cell death in cultured human colonocytes. The induction of autophagy was demonstrated by the increased levels of LC3‐II, formation of LC3+ autophagosomes, accumulation of acidic vesicular organelles and reduced levels of the autophagic substrate p62/SQSTM1. TcdB‐induced autophagy was also accompanied by the repression of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 activity. Functionally, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by wortmannin or chloroquine or knockdown of autophagy‐related genes Beclin 1, Atg5 and Atg7 attenuated TcdB‐induced cell death in colonocytes. Genetic ablation of Atg5, a gene required for autophagosome formation, also mitigated the cytotoxic effect of TcdB. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that autophagy serves as a pro‐death mechanism mediating the cytotoxic action of TcdB in colonocytes. This discovery suggested that blockade of autophagy might be a novel therapeutic strategy for C. difficile infection.
Failure load effect of molar axial wall height with CAD/CAM ceramic crowns with moderate occlusal convergence
Authors: Hoopes Wyeth , Cushen Sara , DuVall Nicholas , Wajdowicz Michael , Brewster John , Roberts Howard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the significance of axial wall height (AWH) in molar fracture resistance involving CAD/CAM adhesively bonded, all‐ceramic full coverage restorations on preparations with moderate total occlusal convergence (TOC) (16°).Materials and Methods60 newly extracted maxillary third molars were divided into 5 groups (n = 12). Specimens were prepared for full‐coverage, all ceramic restorations with occlusal cervical AWHs of 4, 3, 2, 1 as well as a flat preparation (0 mm AWH) with all preparations with AWH containing a moderate 16° TOC. Scanned preparations were fitted with a lithium disilicate restoration with a self‐adhesive resin luting agent after intaglio surface preparation with hydrofluoric acid and silanation. Specimens were stored at 37°C/98% humidity for 24 hours and tested to failure at a 45° angle applied to the palatal cusp on a universal testing machine. Mean results were analyzed using ANOVA/Tukey's (P = .05).ResultsPreparations containing 2, 3, and 4 millimeters of AWH demonstrated similar and higher resistance to fracture than the 1 and zero millimeter AWH groups.ConclusionsUnder the conditions of this study, results suggest that adhesive CAD/CAM technology may compensate for reduced axial wall height. However, more definitive results depend on fatigue testing.Clinical SignificanceThese in vitro results suggest that adhesive CAD/CAM technology may compensate for less than optimal AWH.
Notch signaling pathway regulates cell cycle in proliferating hepatocytes involved in liver regeneration
Authors: Zhang Fen , Zhang Jinglong , Li Xiao , Li Bowei , Tao Kaishan , Yue Shuqiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground and AimIt has been well documented that Notch signaling is involved in liver regeneration. However, the exact molecular mechanism mediating this process is not fully elucidated. The current study aimed to investigate the role of Notch signaling regulating cell cycle in proliferating hepatocytes in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx, 67% resection) and the related molecular mechanism.MethodsPartial hepatectomy was performed in Sprague Dawley rats, and remnant livers were harvested 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after operation, and primary hepatocytes were isolated to investigate the molecular mechanism.ResultsNotch signaling activation and hepatocyte proliferation were significantly increased after PHx, while treatment with FLI‐06, the inhibitor of γ‐secreting enzyme, blocked these trends. Besides, inhibition of Notch signaling led to dysregulation of cell cycle and cell‐cycle components. Furthermore, Akti‐1/2 (a selective Akt inhibitor) and PX‐478 (a selective Hif‐1α inhibitor) inhibited hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration after PHx, and the effect of downstream molecules activation by Jagged‐1 (Notch‐1 ligand) in hepatocytes was abolished by FLI‐06, Akti‐1/2, and PX‐478.ConclusionThe current study demonstrated for the first time that Notch signaling regulated cell cycle in proliferating hepatocytes involved in liver regeneration through NICD/Akt Akt/Hif‐1α pathway.
A new method to assess the influence of odor on food selection in dogs
Authors: Pétel C. , Baron C. , Thomsen M. , Callejon L. , Péron F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrevious research provides evidence that odor is a key driver in food selection in dogs. Dogs' flavor preferences are generally assessed through paired comparison tests based on food intake. Methods for evaluating odor preference in canines are lacking. In this study, the paired comparison test was modified by replacing standard bowls with false‐bottom bowls (FBBs). Made of two compartments separated by a drilled, stainless‐steel plate, FBBs enable odorant compounds to be placed under the food that is presented to the dogs. Several paired comparison trials were conducted on a trained canine panel with FBBs containing various odorant substances under the kibbles. Results showed that dogs were able to perceive the hidden substances and to distinguish between the bowls accordingly. These results demonstrate that the false‐bottom bowl paired comparison method could be helpful in evaluating the role of odor in dogs' food preferences, thus, also as a way of assessing food odor performance.Practical applicationsThe false‐bottom bowl method is an adaptation of the paired comparison test that enables the influence of odor on dog behavior to be isolated from that stimulated by vision, taste or textural parameters. The odor impact of a hidden substance is tested under pet meal conditions. This new method could be useful in pet food industry to measure the odor potential of a new ingredient, or to understand the key food selection drivers for dogs and cats. In addition, as the olfactory stimulus is not eaten by the animal, the influence of odor in non‐food products for dogs, such as pet care and pet medicines, could also be evaluated using this method.
ERP components and behavior in the auditory equiprobable go/no‐go task: Inhibition in young adults
Authors: Fogarty Jack S. , Barry Robert J. , De Blasio Frances M. , Steiner Genevieve Z. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrevious research suggests that young adults do not need active and effortful inhibition to successfully complete the auditory equiprobable go/no‐go task, a view that was incorporated into Barry and De Blasio's sequential processing schema for this task. However, recent evidence in children suggests that view could be incorrect. The present research aims to clarify the functionality of the N2 and P3 subcomponents within the proposed schema, assessing the role of inhibition in this task. To optimize the quantification of the N2 and P3 subcomponents, separate temporal PCAs were applied to the go/no‐go ERP data from 40 young adults. Correlations were then used to link subcomponent amplitudes with performance outcomes, informing a functional interpretation of each subcomponent. Larger N2b and P3a amplitudes were each linked to fewer commission errors. N2c amplitude also increased with intraindividual reaction time variability, but no performance outcomes were associated with P3b. These findings link the young adult N2b and P3a with inhibition in the auditory equiprobable task, confirming the importance of control for successful nontarget processing in that paradigm. The functionality of N2c and P3b remain unclear from our results. However, these outcomes improve our understanding of cognitive processing in equiprobable tasks, and contribute to an improved conceptualization of the sequential processing schema.