bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Segmentation of the Anterior Limb of the Internal Capsule: Linking White Matter Abnormalities to Specific Connections
Authors: Safadi Ziad , Grisot Giorgia , Jbabdi Saad , Behrens Timothy E. , Heilbronner Sarah R. , McLaughlin Nicole C.R. , Mandeville Joe , Versace Amelia , Phillips Mary L. , Lehman Julia F. , Yendiki Anastasia , Haber Suzanne N. 
Published: January 2018

The anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) carries thalamic and brainstem fibers from prefrontal cortical regions that are associated with different aspects of emotion, motivation, cognition processing, and decision-making. This large fiber bundle is abnormal in several psychiatric illnesses and a major target for deep brain stimulation. Yet, we have very little information about where specific prefrontal fibers travel within the bundle. Using a combination of tracing studies and diffusion MRI in male nonhuman primates, as well as diffusion MRI in male and female human subjects, we segmented the human ALIC into five regions based on the positions of axons from different cortical regions within the capsule. Fractional anisotropy (FA) abnormalities in patients with bipolar disorder were detected when FA was averaged in the ALIC segment that carries ventrolateral prefrontal cortical connections. Together, the results set the stage for linking abnormalities within the ALIC to specific connections and demonstrate the utility of applying connectivity profiles of large white matter bundles based on animal anatomic studies to human connections and associating disease abnormalities in those pathways with specific connections. The ability to functionally segment large white matter bundles into their components begins a new era of refining how we think about white matter organization and use that information in understanding abnormalities.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) connects prefrontal cortex with the thalamus and brainstem and is abnormal in psychiatric illnesses. However, we know little about the location of specific prefrontal fibers within the bundle. Using a combination of animal tracing studies and diffusion MRI in animals and human subjects, we segmented the human ALIC into five regions based on the positions of axons from different cortical regions. We then demonstrated that differences in FA values between bipolar disorder patients and healthy control subjects were specific to a given segment. Together, the results set the stage for linking abnormalities within the ALIC to specific connections and for refining how we think about white matter organization in general.
CASH HOLDING, GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FIRM VALUE
Authors: Nisasmara Prana Wahyu , Musdholifah Musdholifah 
Published: January 2018

<p>This research aims to understand the influence of profitability, capital structure, cash holding, and GCG (Good Corporate Governance) on firm value. The samples of this study were the property sector and real estate companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period of 2008-2013. The data used from the annual report company. The methods of data analysis were multiple regression models and analyzed using IBM SPSS software. The results of this study are profitability has no influence on firm value, capital structure has positive influence on firm value, cash holding has no influence on firm value and GCG a has a positive influence on firm value.</p>
The Analysis of Nascent Entrepreneurs’ Happiness Level in Indonesia
Authors: Sitohang Yosep Oktavianus , Sasmita Yoga , Andriyana Yudhie , Pawitan Gandhi 
Published: January 2018

This study tried to analyze the factors that influence the happiness level of entrepreneurs in Indonesia especially the nascent entrepreneurs. The level of entrepreneurs’ happiness has a positive effect on the sustainability of their business. The research data are secondary data from 1,148 respondents who are included in the category of Total Early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) at Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) in 2013. The variables employed are motivation, perception and innovation and demographic variables (gender, education and income). Analyzer used is multiple linear regressions with dummy variable. From the result, it is found that only the motivation, education level and level of income that significantly influence the level of happiness. The nascent entrepreneurs, who have motivation to start a business because of opportunity, have a higher level of happiness than necessity motivation due to necessity. The level of education and income are also proportional to the level of happiness, but the level of education gives greater influence to the level of happiness of nascent entrepreneurs in Indonesia.
Urząd dziekana w aspekcie prawnokanonicznym
Authors: Adamczyk Jerzy 
Published: January 2018

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie zagadnienia powierzenia i utraty urzędu dziekana. W jego pierwszej części przedstawiono kwestię urzędu dziekana w ogólności. W drugiej części wskazano kwalifikacje kandydata na urząd dziekana, natomiast część trzecia została poświęcona powierzeniu urzędu dziekańskiego. Część czwarta omawia utratę urzędu wikariusza zewnętrznego.
The diagnostics significance of serum cancer antigen-125 in abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Kumar Anil , Paswan Shiv S. , Kumar Bindey , Raj Pragati , Sunita . 
Published: January 2018

Background: Various serum markers have been shown to be helpful in diagnosing tubercular infection, but none has been proven to be specific. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the role of serum cancer antigen (CA) -125 in diagnosing and monitoring therapeutic response in abdominal tuberculosis.Methods: Fifty diagnosed cases of abdominal tuberculosis and equal number of controls were included in the study. All the patients underwent clinical, radiological and hematological examination. Twenty-two patients had acute presentation and underwent laparotomy and twenty-eight patients had a chronic presentation and were managed conservatively. Biopsy was taken in all patients undergoing laparotomy. Serial measurement of serum levels of CA-125 were done at 0, 3 and 6 months in all the patients.Results: The CA-125 levels were significantly higher in tuberculosis patients than in control group (PPV 95.74% at 0 month). It was also observed that the levels correlated significantly with the disease activity (sensitivity 90 percent, specificity 96 percent) and return to normal level with the treatment given. It was shown that sensitivity reduced to 12 percent and 6 percent at 3 months and 6 months respectively after completion of treatment. The specificity however remained unchanged.Conclusions: The measurement of CA-125 may be a valuable parameter in diagnosing and determination of disease activity in abdominal tuberculosis.
A prospective study on risk factors for development of surgical site infections at a tertiary care hospital: a two years study
Authors: Prakash Vakamudi , Rachamalli Ramalinga Reddy , Kandati Jithendra , Satish Sreeram 
Published: January 2018

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are the second most common Nosocomial infections after urinary tract infections accounting to 20-25% of Nosocomial infections worldwide. Based on the depth of the infections, SSI is classified by CDC as superficial incisional, deep incisional and organ/space. The development of SSI is dependent upon multiple factors like class of wound, immune status, type of surgery, type of anesthesia; surgical techniques etc and are interplay of multiple factors. Objective of the present study was conducted in identifying the predictors, risk factors and incidence rates of SSI at a tertiary care hospital. The study also identifies the causative bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patternMethods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of two years by department of general surgery involving all patients who underwent surgery, and pre-operative, intra operative and risk factors of the cases were collected using standardized data collection form. Specimens from the infected wounds were collected and processed for isolation of pathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens was done using standard guidelines.Results: The incidence of SSI in present study was 25.34% with 81.58% superficial SSI and 18.42% deep SSI. Laparotomy was the common procedure and 63.2% of cases were females and 41-60 years was the most common age group. Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were the common pathogens and were sensitive to carbapenems, vancomycin and linezolid. Significant association was observed with presence of pre-morbid analysis, presence of drain, use of povidone iodine alone and development of SSI.Conclusions: In present study the incidence of SSI was significantly high in this hospital and associated with premorbid illness, duration of surgery, presence of drain and use of drain at site of surgery. Staphylococcus aureus was the common pathogen and incidence of MRSA is higher than many other reports. A continuous monitoring and surveillance of patients with a predefined protocol will help in early identification of cases with risk of development of SSI. A feedback of appropriate data to surgeons is highly recommended to reduce the SSI rate in developing countries.
Profile and outcome of childhood tuberculosis treated with DOTS at a tertiary care hospital in central India: an observational study
Authors: Bharani Anjali , Harshey Mohini , Raipurkar Swati 
Published: January 2018

Background: Children contribute a significant proportion of the tuberculosis (TB) burden in India and suffer severe TB related morbidity and mortality, particularly in endemic areas. Diagnosis and management of pediatric TB especially Extra pulmonary (EPTB) is challenging. The present study was designed to study clinical, laboratory characteristics and outcome of childhood tuberculosis.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 90 cases of TB in children within 2 year period was conducted at Pediatric Department and DOTS center at a tertiary care hospital from January 2015 to December 2016.Results: In the present study 20% of the total TB patients attending DOTS OPD were Children. Most common symptoms were Fever (53.3 %), Cough (46.6%), abdominal pain (18.8%), lymphadenopathy (13.3%), osteo-articular symptoms (13.3%), weight loss (10%), CNS related complaints like convulsions and unconsciousness (6.6%). History of contact was present in 10 cases (11%). Sputum examination was positive in 9 cases (10%) who were predominantly older children above 12 years. Mantoux test was positive in 9 cases (10%). Only one patient was HIV positive. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) patients were more common than pulmonary. 47 out of the 90 cases (52%) were receiving DOTS for EPTB. Out of the 90 cases 84 (93.3%) were on New Category 1 treatment and 6 (6.6%) were on Cat 2 treatment. Out of the total 90 cases 3 defaulted, 3 died, rest completed treatment with good compliance and no side-effects and were declared cured.Conclusions: In present study, it was found that extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) patients are more common than pulmonary tuberculosis in pediatric age group. Sputum positivity yield is very low in pediatric age group. Success of treatment with DOTS is good (94.4%). No adverse effects of ATT were observed.
Prevalence of sub-clinical vitamin-D deficiency and hypothyroidism in children aged 18- 36 months with open anterior fontanelle: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rajendiran Vigneshwaran , Gunasekaran Dhandapany , Venkatesh Soma , Dhayalan Indumathi , Srinivasaraghavan Rangan 
Published: January 2018

Background: The range of normal closure time of the anterior fontanelle (AF) is generally regarded to be 4 to 26 months. The objectives of this study was to find out the prevalence of subclinical vitamin D deficiency and hypothyroidism in children aged 18-36 months with open AF.Methods: This is a hospital based, cross-sectional study done over a period of 24 months, in which thyroid function tests and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels were done for healthy children aged 18-36 months with open AF; the latter was also done for equal numbers (n=30) of age and sex matched children with closed AF for control values. The mean vitamin D levels and proportion of children of various categories based on vitamin D levels among both the groups were compared.Results: Open AF was seen in 37 children. Seven of them had obvious causes of delayed AF closure and were excluded. In the remaining 30 children, none of the children had abnormal thyroid function tests. 23.3% of the study group had low vitamin D levels; but, the levels were low even in 37% of control group. The mean vitamin D level of the study group (39.05±17.11 ng/ml) was similar to the control group (37.3±14.74 ng/ml).Conclusions: Neither subclinical vitamin D deficiency nor subclinical hypothyroidism accounted for delayed AF closure in this study.
Study of incidence, manifestations and complications of dengue fever
Authors: K. Jahnavi , T. Srinivasulu 
Published: January 2018

Background: Dengue is endemic in India and epidemics are common. Due to poor availability of resources, there is increased morbidity and mortality related to dengue. The objective of the research to study the incidence, manifestations and complications of dengue fever.Methods: Patients admitted in medicine wards of a tertiary care hospital during the study period of two years with the history of fever with other nonspecific symptoms were included in the present study. Data was collected in a pre-tested proforma by meeting objectives of the present study. 100 patients who fulfilled World Health Organization criteria for dengue fever were selected by simple random sampling method.Results: In 75 patients the platelet count was above 150000cell/cumm. Most of them had dengue fever. 12 patients showed platelet count between 20000-100000cells/cumm. and among them 10 were DHF and 2 were simple dengue infection. Five patients showed platelet count less than 20000cells/cumm. and among them 2 were DHF and 3 were DSS. Most of the bleeding skin manifestations were seen when platelet count was below 50000cells/cumm. Mucosal bleeding was observed when the platelet count was below 30000cells/cumm. Abnormal coagulation profile was noted in 18% of the patients and 6% patients were in acute renal failure. Mortality was 0% in dengue fever, 44% in DHF and 100% in DSS.Conclusions: Platelet count was directly related to the number of complications. Dengue shock syndrome and dengue hemorrhagic fever was associated with increased mortality.
Assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in migraine patients measured with optical coherence tomography
Authors: Khosravi Alireza , Shahraki Kourosh , Moghaddam Afsaneh 
Published: January 2018

Background: Headache is one of the most disturbing symptoms with common neurological signs. Variations in optic nerve perfusion quality or retinal microcirculation may end up in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with migraine. The aim of this study was to investigate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with migraine.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by including thirty patients diagnosed with migraine and thirty normal individuals. Patients were evaluated in groups including migraine with and without aura and controls. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was measured using stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) and then was compared in case and control groups. All data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.Results: RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in migraine patients compared to the control group. Symmetricity of RNFL showed significantly reduction in patients with migraine compared to standard value (95% vs 68%). Comparison of NRR area between patients and standard value showed significantly reduced values (P=0.0001). Mean value of optic disc area showed significantly reduced value compared to standard value about 2.35 m2 (P=0.0001).Conclusions: This study suggests that migraine leads to a reduction in the peripapillary RNFL thickness and to thinning in choroidal structures. These findings can be explained by a chronic ischemic insult related to migraine pathogenic mechanisms.
A study of risk factors and clinical profile of patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Chavan Manohar Shankarrao , Bhaktavatsalam M. 
Published: January 2018

Background: New cases of AMI tell us about the prevalence of risk factors in the community which lead to increased incidence of AMI. On the other hand, the occurrence of repeated attacks of AMI tells us about the quality of care received by the patient during the attack of AMI and its subsequent treatment. The objective was to study of risk factors and clinical profile of patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods: Present hospital based cross sectional study was carried out for a period of two years among 50 eligible subjects selected as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria laid down for the conduct of the present study to study the clinical profile and risk factors.Results: The commonest age group was 61-70 years (36%). The average age of the patient in the study group was 53.88 years. The male patient dominated the study group. This male to female ratio need not necessarily indicate the epidemiological frequency of myocardial infarction. The most common MI in the present study group was inferior wall MI (46%). 18 (36%) were smokers, 20 patients (40%) among 50 patients presented with complications. Of them 13 patients had arrhythmias (26%).Conclusions: The most commonly affected were elderly. AMI was more common in the males. Inferior wall myocardial infarction was the common lesion seen in the present study. Among the risk factors, smoking was the most common risk factor found in the present study.
To study the association of CSF leak in fronotbasal skull fractures classified with the Burstein’s classification
Authors: Chhabra Raunaq S. , V.  Raje Vinayak , S. Barve Pandurang , R. Yadav Sunil 
Published: January 2018

Background: To study the association of CSF leak in Fronotbasal skull Fractures classified with the Burstein’s Classification.Methods: A prospective study was conducted from November 2014 to May 2016 in patients admitted with head injuries to KIMSDU, Karad, Maharashtra. All data was retrieved using a standardized data collection form.Results: Out of the total 55 patients of frontobasal fracture, 39 (70.9%) were found to have CSF leak. Out of 39 patients with CSF leak 34 (61.8%) had Type I head injury, 3 (5.5%) had Type II head injury, and 2 (3.6%) had Type III head injury. Statistical analysis showed significant association between CSF leak and Burstein’s classes of head injury patients (p< 0.05).Conclusions: It was found that patients who had Burstein Type I injuries had a higher chance of CSF leak and most post traumatic leaks could be managed conservatively.
Dynamics of differential count in dengue
Authors: A. Joshi Anagha , B. R. Gayathri , Muneer Fazeela 
Published: January 2018

Background: Dengue can occur as epidemics in India. Early diagnosis reduces mortality. Differential white cell count can aid in diagnosing and prognosticating Dengue in resource limited areas. Aim and objectives of this study were to assess patterns and utility of Differential counts in Dengue.Methods: A total of 132 serologically positive Dengue cases were analysed over the month of November 2016. Hematology data obtained from analysers and Leishman smears were tabulated and analysed.Results: The study showed lymphocytosis as the predominant pattern (65%) followed by neutropenia (30%), neutrophilia (11%), eosinophilia (5%), monocytosis (5%) and basophilia (4%). Atypical lymphocytosis ≥ 15% were noted in 65% of the cases with 83% showing Plasmacytoid lymphocytes, 8% apoptotic lymphocytes and 43% showed other atypical lymphocytes. Also, 52% of lymphocytosis and 33% of neutrophilia cases showed severe thrombocytopenia (≤ 0.5 lakhs per cu mm). Lymphocytosis was noted to be an early event but was established in later stages as seen with serology pattern association, 28% associated with NS1 antigen test (non-structural protein 1) and 42% with antibody pattern. However, neutrophilia with 60% of cases seen in antibody pattern was a late event. Plasmacytoid lymphocytosis was noted uniformly through all serology patterns in contrast with other atypical lymphocytosis which was seen mostly (48%) in antibody pattern. Apoptotic lymphocytosis was also a late event associated mainly with antibody pattern (55%).Conclusions: The Differential white cell count can be a useful supplementary test along with serology in resource limited peripheral areas. It additionally serves to drastically reduce morbidity and mortality.
Analysis of chikungunya outbreak of 2016 in Rajasthan: a clinico-epidemiological study
Authors: Sharma Raman , Mahavar Sunil , Gupta Mayank , Kumar Sandeep , Purohit Jai , Chauhan Gaurav 
Published: January 2018

Background: To describe the diversity of clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and outcome of chikungunya fever in patients attending SMS Hospital, Jaipur during the epidemic of 2016 (September to November).Methods: All cases of febrile illness with polyarthralgia/polyarthritis diagnosed as chikungunya were analyzed. Diagnosis was made by ELISA based IgM serology and RT PCR assay.Results: A total of 200 cases were studied. All of them presented with fever, severe crippling joint pain & tenderness, headache, anorexia and body rash. On examination, there was periarticular edema, erythema, and tenderness in joints with post auricular and cervical lymphadenopathy. Unusual manifestations were hyper pigmentation of face and forehead and scrotal ulcers. On investigations patient had leucopenia with elevated level of SGOT, SGPT with normal bilirubin levels. Other complications observed were encephalopathy, encephalitis, myocarditis and hepatitis. There was no mortality in this group.Conclusions: Chikungunya though prevalent is under-reported. The diagnostic certainty is mandated by presence of febrile transiently crippling polyarthragias / arthritis. On analyzing a large series, unusual clinical features may emerge.