bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and Fetal Plasma Steroid Hormone Levels in Vaginal Delivery With and Without ACTH Infusion
Authors: Miyakawa Isao , Ikeda Isao , Nakayama Michio , Maeyama Masao 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTRadioimmunoassay tests were performed on the plasma of healthy women before, during and after labor and on plasma from the umbilical cord of their newborns at delivery to determine the levels of cortisol, progesterone and unconjugated estradiol‐17β (estradiol) and estriol. The levels of plasma cortisol found in six women just before delivery were statistically higher than the levels found in the same women before the onset of labor. The fetal plasma cortisol level found just after delivery was considerably lower than the maternal level, and the difference was statistically significant. The levels of plasma estradiol and estriol did not change in seven women during labor. In the newborn infants, these levels were significantly higher than the maternal levels. When adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) was infused into four women during labor, the levels of plasma cortisol increased slightly, but not significantly. The maternal plasma levels of both estradiol and estriol did not differ from the control values, while in the newborn infants these levels were significantly lower than those normally found. During labor, there was no difference between the plasma progesterone levels found in women who had been treated with ACTH infusion and in those who were not treated with ACTH. The results of this study suggest that an infusion of ACTH during labor causes the maternal adrenal cortex to increase the synthesis of corticosteroids. The corticosteroids then cross the placental barrier from the maternal to the fetal side and suppress the production of the estrogen precursor in the fetal adrenal gland, which results in lowered fetal plasma estrogen levels.
Oral Contraceptive Pills and Clinical Otosclerosis
Authors: Podoshin L. , Gertner R. , Fradis M. , Feiglin H. , Eibschitz I. , Sharf M. , Reiter A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTClinical otosclerosis is a familial disease which is more frequent among women in their reproductive years. The condition usually is aggravated by pregnancy. Endocrinologic variables may influence the time of onset and the course of the disease. It is suspected that oral contraceptives (OCs) might stimulate the onset of the disease. Six hundred nulliparous women between the ages of 16 and 30, who used a variety of OCs for 12–36 months, were examined. The hearing of these women was thoroughly investigated. The first audiometric examination of the 600 women revealed three cases (0.5%) of clinical otosclerosis. This incidence is equal to that of the population as a whole, but lower than the incidence found in previously parous women. Audiometric examinations were normal in the remaining 597 women, and repeated examinations revealed no new cases of clinical otosclerosis, despite continuous OC use.
Improved Surveillance of Maternal Deaths
Authors: Ziskin Leah Z. , Gregory Margaret , Kreitzer Michael 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis study explains and verifies an apparent increase in the New Jersey resident maternal mortality rate from 1.7 per 10 000 live births by the state's traditional method to 3.1 per 10 000 live births by a new method of surveillance instituted in late 1974. In 1975, the maternal mortality rate by the traditional method was 1.5 per 10 000 and by the expanded method, 3.0 per 10 000.The traditional method complied data from death certificates submitted to the State Vital Statistics Office. The expanded method found additional deaths by review of Annual Maternity Services Reports from hospitals and by close follow‐up of individual reports of maternal deaths from medical examiners, physicians and hospitals.
Menarchal Age in Nigerian Schoolgirls: Its Relationship to Their Height, Weight and Menstrual Profile
Authors: Sogbanmu M. O. , Aregbesola Y. A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTInterviews with 119 students in a girls' residential secondary school in Ondo, Nigeria, revealed that 105 of them had menstruated, their mean age at menarche being 13.85 years, their mean height 156.8 cm and their mean weight 51.13 kg. The duration of menstrual bleeding was 4.43 days, the heaviest occurring at 1.82 days. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 32%. There was no correlation between the weight/height ratio and the mean age of the study group who were menstruating and the 14 students who were not. However, the difference in mean weight and height of those who had and had not attained menarche was significant. It is suggested that certain levels of weight and height are critical to achievement of spontaneous menstruation.
The Significance of Sinusoidal Fetal Heart Rate Pattern During Labor and Its Relation to Fetal Status and Neonatal Outcome
Authors: Ayromlooi Jahangir , Berg Peter , Tobias Mitchell 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTwenty‐seven cases of sinusoidal fetal heart rate were studied. This group had a mean scalp pH of 7.288, significantly lower (p < 0.005) than that of the control group. The mean one‐minute Apgar score was 7.148, significantly lower (p < 0.001) than the control group's mean score. Almost half (48.15%) of the fetuses had a one‐minute Apgar score of 7 or less. Every fetus was viable. Amplitude of the pattern was found to correlate with neonatal depression, the larger the amplitude, the more profound the depression. Over 96% of the fetuses had cord‐related deceleration patterns, and nearly 63% had obvious cord complications. It is postulated that sinusoidal patterns are an umbilical cord‐related phenomenon, resulting from an alternating hypovolemia and hypervolemia. Clinicians are urged to scrutinize carefully any cases of this pattern, and perform an immediate fetal scalp blood pH determination. If the pH determination obtained is less than 7.25, the authors suggest intervention and operative delivery.
Peptide Contraception: Antifertility Properties of LH‐RH Analogues
Authors: Corbin Alan , Beattie Craig W. , Jones Robert , Bex Frederick 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA prototype LH‐RH antagonist dampened the proestrous gonadotropin surge and blocked ovulation but had no effect on pregnant animals. In contrast, LH‐RH and two highly potent LH‐RH agonists terminated pregnancy when administrated prior to or following implantation. This contragestational effect, as well as other antireproductive properties of the agonists, coupled with the reversibility of their effects, strongly suggest that such peptides may provide a new basis for contraception.
The Physiology of the Perimenopausal Years: A Minireview
Authors: Upton G. Virginia 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTSelected studies on the physiology of the perimenopausal years and the subtle transitional changes that occur up to the postmenopause are reviewed. Extraovarian sources of estrogen, which must be considered when recommending dosage of replacement therapy, are described. The effects of hormonal therapy on endogenous hormones and the important roles of progesterone and prolactin are highlighted. The collected evidence suggests that (a) the vasomotor disturbance and depression experienced by estrogen‐deficient women are not psychosomatic disorders, (b) osteoporosis is preventable if estrogen therapy is initiated soon after cessation of ovarian function, and (c) administration of a weak estrogen combined with a progestogen can effectively prevent or treat the difficulties experienced during the female climacteric.
Nutritional Beliefs Among Pregnant Nigerian Women
Authors: Ojofeitimi E. O. , Tanimowo C. M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTOne hundred fourteen low‐income women in their second trimester of pregnancy were asked to list the food items they thought were good and those to be avoided during pregnancy. Energy‐giving food items (starches) were considered good most often, while easily available protective (vegetables and fruits) and body‐building food items (proteins) were infrequently mentioned or avoided for cultural, religious or health reasons. Nearly three quarters of the women did not gain enough to meet the recommended weekly weight gain; 24.6% lost weight. Traditional beliefs rather than the more frequently cited reasons of poverty and nonavailability of foods are seen as major factors limiting the quality of diet among the respondents.
The Relative Value of Two Concentrations of Hypertonic Saline for Midtrimester Abortion
Authors: Ghosh A. K. , Konar J. R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA study was conducted in Calcutta, India, to evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of the intraamniotic instillation of 5% and 20% saline in 359 women undergoing midtrimester pregnancy termination. The two abortion techniques were randomly assigned to the study patients. The incidence of method failures in the 5% (9.4%) and 20% (7.2%) saline groups was not significantly different (p < 0.05), nor was the incidence of incomplete abortion rates for the two groups significantly different (p < 0.05). At 24 hours or less, the abortion rates were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for women receiving the 20% saline, but at 36 and 48 hours there was no significant difference (p < 0.05). The mean induction‐to‐abortion interval was higher for the 5% (30.1 hours) than for the 20% (28.8 hours) saline cases, but this was not significantly significant. The incidences of excessive blood loss and fever were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for patients receiving the 5% than for those receiving the 20% saline. There were five (2.4%) deaths among the 20% and one death (0.7%) among the 5% saline groups.
Nonsurgical Female Sterilization
Authors: Laufe Leonard E. , Cole Lynda P. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe development of a safe, effective nonsurgical method of female sterilization that can be performed by paramedical personnel remains a high priority. The method should have a blind delivery system and require only one application. Methyl cyanoacrylate and quinacrine hydrochloride are the two most promising chemical agents. Quinacrine has evolved from instillations of a solution to the development of pellets to the use of an IUD vector. By using an IUD vector to deliver the quinacrine, tubal occlusion can be achieved with a reduction in total dosage and with one insertion instead of the three necessary with the solution and pellet methods.
Treatment of Fibrocystic Mastopathy by an Antiestrogen, Tamoxifen
Authors: Shaaban Mamdouh M. , Morad Farouk , Hassan Abd‐El‐Razik R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFor three successive months, 31 patients with fibrocystic mastopathy were treated with an antiestrogen, tamoxifen. As a result, the pain subsided in all but one of them. Disappearance or marked amelioration was also noticed in the objective signs of tenderness, diffuse induration and ill‐defined tender lumps. The least‐affected signs were serous discharge from the nipple and well‐defined tumor masses. Side effects to treatment were minimal, and benefits persisted for three months after the end of therapy in two thirds of the patients.
Total Maternal Urinary Estrogen Excretion and Estrogen/Creatinine Ratio as Placental
Authors: Tests Function , Varma Thankam R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFive hundred patients with complications of pregnancy who were thought to be at risk of intrauterine growth retardation had serial paired maternal 24‐hour total urinary estrogen levels measured and random estrogen/creatinine ratios determined until within three days of delivery. The correlation between the random estrogen/creatinine ratio and the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation, presence of fetal distress in labor and a low Apgar score was found to be as good as the correlation between total maternal urinary estrogen excretion levels and fetal weight and status.
Antenatal Detection of Omphalocele by Ultrasound
Authors: Arienzo R. , Giliberti P. , Colacurci N. , Saggese C. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA case of successful antenatal detection of omphalocele is reported. Ultrasonic evidence of an abdominal wall defect with an extruding mass, without other anomalies, suggested the diagnosis of omphalocele and allowed the patient to receive special treatment. Despite the severity of the omphalocele, the infant was saved by immediate surgery.
Fertility Problems Associated with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Neri Alexander , Ovadia Yardena 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA case of a cystic fibrosis patient with two pregnancies that ended in deliveries at 30 and 29 weeks' gestation, respectively, is presented. The author suggests that the increased life expectancy of cystic fibrosis patients because of therapeutic advances will increase the need to examine the association and effects of fertility in individuals with this genetic disease.
Responses to Treatment With Teriparatide in Patients With Atypical Femur Fractures Previously Treated With Bisphosphonates
Authors: Watts Nelson B , Aggers Deborah , McCarthy Edward F , Savage Tina , Martinez Stephanie , Patterson Rachel , Carrithers Erin , Miller Paul D 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

If oversuppression of bone turnover explained the association between bisphosphonate use and atypical subtrochanteric femur fractures (AFF), this could be reversed with anabolic treatment such as teriparatide. We conducted a prospective, open-label study in patients previously treated with bisphosphonates who sustained AFF, examining the response to 24-month treatment with teriparatide on bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone score (TBS), bone turnover markers (BTM), and fracture healing as well as quantitative histomorphometry. We studied 14 patients. Baseline BMD, BTM, and TBS varied widely. On initial bone biopsies, 12 of 14 patients showed tetracycline labels, but mineralizing surface/bone surface was below published normal values in all but 2. Lumbar spine BMD increased significantly at month 24 (6.1% ± 4.3%, p &lt; 0.05 versus baseline), whereas total hip BMD and TBS did not change significantly. Changes in BTM occurred as reported previously for patients without AFF treated with teriparatide after prior bisphosphonate treatment. At month 24, fractures were healed in 6 patients, showed partial healing in 3, were unchanged in 2, and showed nonunion in 1. In a patient with two fractures, the fracture that occurred before teriparatide treatment was reported as healed, but the fracture that occurred while on treatment showed only partial healing. Bisphosphonate-treated patients who sustain AFF show heterogeneity of bone turnover. Treatment with teriparatide resulted in increases in BTM and lumbar spine BMD, as has been reported for patients without AFF. There was no significant effect of teriparatide on hip BMD, mineralizing surface to bone surface (MS/BS), or TBS and no consistent effect on fracture healing. In the context of a patient who has experienced an AFF after receiving bisphosphonate treatment, therapy with teriparatide for 24 months would be expected to increase BMD and BTM (and probably reduce the risk of fractures resulting from osteoporosis) but should not be relied on to aid in healing of the AFF. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effect of glenohumeral elevation on subacromial supraspinatus compression risk during simulated reaching
Authors: Lawrence Rebekah L. , Schlangen Dustin M. , Schneider Katelyn A. , Schoenecker Jonathan , Senger Andrea L. , Starr William C. , Staker Justin L. , Ellermann Jutta M. , Braman Jonathan P. , Ludewig Paula M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTMechanical subacromial rotator cuff compression is one theoretical mechanism in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff disease. However, the relationship between shoulder kinematics and mechanical subacromial rotator cuff compression across the range of humeral elevation motion is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of humeral elevation on subacromial compression risk of the supraspinatus during a simulated functional reaching task. Three‐dimensional anatomical models were reconstructed from shoulder magnetic resonance images acquired from 20 subjects (10 asymptomatic, 10 symptomatic). Standardized glenohumeral kinematics from a simulated reaching task were imposed on the anatomic models and analyzed at 0, 30, 60, and 90° humerothoracic elevation. Five magnitudes of humeral retroversion were also imposed on the models at each angle of humerothoracic elevation to investigate the impact of retroversion on subacromial proximities. The minimum distance between the coracoacromial arch and supraspinatus tendon and footprint were quantified. When contact occurred, the magnitude of the intersecting volume between the supraspinatus tendon and coracoacromial arch was also quantified. The smallest minimum distance from the coracoacromial arch to the supraspinatus footprint occurred between 30 and 90°, while the smallest minimum distance to the supraspinatus tendon occurred between 0 and 60°. The magnitude of humeral retroversion did not significantly affect minimum distance to the supraspinatus tendon except at 60 or 90° humerothoracic elevation. The results of this study provide support for mechanical rotator cuff compression as a potential mechanism for the development of rotator cuff disease. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2329–2337, 2017.
Evidence that interfibrillar load transfer in tendon is supported by small diameter fibrils and not extrafibrillar tissue components
Authors: Szczesny Spencer E. , Fetchko Kristen L. , Dodge George R. , Elliott Dawn M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTCollagen fibrils in tendon are believed to be discontinuous and transfer tensile loads through shear forces generated during interfibrillar sliding. However, the structures that transmit these interfibrillar forces are unknown. Various extrafibrillar tissue components (e.g., glycosaminoglycans, collagens XII and XIV) have been suggested to transmit interfibrillar loads by bridging collagen fibrils. Alternatively, collagen fibrils may interact directly through physical fusions and interfibrillar branching. The objective of this study was to test whether extrafibrillar proteins are necessary to transmit load between collagen fibrils or if interfibrillar load transfer is accomplished directly by the fibrils themselves. Trypsin digestions were used to remove a broad spectrum of extrafibrillar proteins and measure their contribution to the multiscale mechanics of rat tail tendon fascicles. Additionally, images obtained from serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the three‐dimensional fibrillar organization in tendon fascicles and identify any potential interfibrillar interactions. While trypsin successfully removed several extrafibrillar tissue components, there was no change in the macroscale fascicle mechanics or fibril:tissue strain ratio. Furthermore, the imaging data suggested that a network of smaller diameter fibrils (<150 nm) wind around and fuse with their neighboring larger diameter fibrils. These findings demonstrate that interfibrillar load transfer is not supported by extrafibrillar tissue components and support the hypothesis that collagen fibrils are capable of transmitting loads themselves. Conclusively determining how fibrils bear load within tendon is critical for identifying the mechanisms that impair tissue function with degeneration and for restoring tissue properties via cell‐mediated regeneration or engineered tissue replacements. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2127–2134, 2017.
Impact of rhizobial inoculation and reduced N supply on biomass production and biological N2 fixation in common bean grown hydroponically
Authors: Kontopoulou Charis‐Konstantina , Liasis Epifanios , Iannetta Pietro PM , Tampakaki Anastasia , Savvas Dimitrios 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDTesting rhizobial inoculation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in hydroponics enables accurate quantification of biological N2 fixation (BNF) and provides information about the potential of reducing inorganic N fertilizer use. In view of this background, common bean grown on pumice was inoculated with Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 (Rt) and supplied with either full‐N (total nitrogen 11.2 mmol L−1), 1/3 of full‐N or N‐free nutrient solution (NS). BNF was quantified at the early pod‐filling stage using the 15N natural abundance method.RESULTSFull‐N supply to Rt‐inoculated plants resulted in markedly smaller nodules than less‐ or zero‐N supply, and no BNF. Rt inoculation of full‐N‐treated plants did not increase biomass and pod yield compared with non‐inoculation. Restriction (1/3 of full‐N) or omission of inorganic N resulted in successful nodulation and BNF (54.3 and 49.2 kg N ha−1, corresponding to 58 and 100% of total plant N content respectively) but suppressed dry shoot biomass from 191.7 (full‐N, +Rt) to 107.4 and 43.2 g per plant respectively. Nutrient cation uptake was reduced when inorganic N supply was less or omitted.CONCLUSIONRt inoculation of hydroponic bean provides no advantage when full‐N NS is supplied, while 1/3 of full‐N or N‐free NS suppresses plant biomass and yield, partly because the restricted NO3− supply impairs cation uptake. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Consumers' expectations and acceptability for low saturated fat ‘salami’: healthiness or taste?
Authors: Marino Rosaria , della Malva Antonella , Seccia Antonio , Caroprese Mariangela , Sevi Agostino , Albenzio Marzia 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDNutritional properties of meat and meat products are becoming very important in purchasing behaviour, because consumers are even more concerned about healthiness. The present study aimed to examine the influence of health information on the expected and informed acceptability of salami. Traditional salami and two low saturated fat salami produced with partial or total substitution of pork backfat with extra virgin oil were evaluated.RESULTSPerceived acceptability was the lowest in salami with total animal fat substitution. In both low saturated fat salami, expected acceptability was significantly higher than perceived acceptability, while in traditional salami it was lower. Consumers completely assimilated their liking in the direction of expectations for salami with partial animal fat substitution, whereas incomplete assimilation was observed for salami with total animal fat substitution. The results also revealed that some sociodemographic characteristics discriminate consumer clusters from each other.CONCLUSIONThe present study highlights that nutritional information is not enough to satisfy consumers' expectations if the product is not sensorily acceptable. Findings about the relevance of information and consumers' segmentation could have important implications for policy makers and the meat product industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry