bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinación voltamétrica de paraquat y glifosato en aguas superficiales
Authors: Alza-Camacho William Roberto , García-Colmenares José Mauricio , Chaparro-Acuña Sandra Patricia 
Published: August 2016

El uso indiscriminado de plaguicidas en los cultivos genera un impacto ambiental negativo que afecta a los organismos vivos, al suelo y al recurso hídrico. Por lo tanto, es necesario evaluar la residualidad de este tipo de sustancias en fuentes de agua que sirven como abastecimiento para la comunidad, los animales y las labores agrícolas. Con base en esto, se plantea una metodología electroquímica sencilla, económica y asequible para la cuantificación de paraquat y glifosato en las fuentes hídricas aledañas a los cultivos de papa de tres veredas del municipio de Ventaquemada (Boyacá). El estudio fue realizado usando como electrolito de soporte la solución buffer Britton-Robinson, un electrodo de trabajo de carbón vítreo, Ag/AgCl como electrodo de referencia y platino como electrodo auxiliar. Se validaron los métodos de voltametría de onda cuadrada (VOC) para ambos compuestos, los cuales presentaron un potencial de -650 y -545 mV, respectivamente. La linealidad de los métodos presentó un coeficiente de correlación de 0,9949 y 0,9919. Los límites de detección y cuantificación fueron de 130 y 190 μg/L para paraquat y de 40 y 50 μg/L para glifosato. De las muestras evaluadas se obtuvo un valor de paraquat entre 0,011 y 1,572 mg/L, y de glifosato entre 0,201 y 2,777 mg/L, lo que indica que estos compuestos están presentes en las fuentes hídricas cercanas a los cultivos y que pueden estar causando serios inconvenientes a la salud humana.
Caracterización composicional del fruto de 15 variedades de Jatropha curcas L. en el departamento del Tolima, Colombia
Authors: Campuzano-Duque Luis Fernando , Ríos Luis Alberto , Cardeño-López Fernando 
Published: August 2016

Jatropha curcas L. ( JCL) es una planta tropical en proceso de domesticación con uso multipropósito, principalmente, para biodiesel. La caracterización del fruto permitirá reconocer el aprovechamiento del aceite para la sustitución de la energía fósil y el potencial uso de los otros componentes. Por esta razón, se realizó la valoración e identificación de los componentes del fruto y sus posibles usos en un experimento ubicado en el Tolima (Colombia). Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con 15 variedades y 3 repeticiones, mediante el uso de una unidad experimental de 20 plantas establecidas con una distancia de siembra de 3 x 2 m. La valoración del fruto mostro seis componentes: pulpa, semilla, cascarilla, almendra, torta y aceite. La participación de cada componente fue la siguiente: pulpa 73,9 % y semilla 26,1 %. La pulpa presento nitrógeno (1,1 %) y potasio (9,7 %), además de elementos menores (manganeso, zinc y hierro). La semilla mostro dos componentes: cascarilla (29,9 %) y almendra (70,1 %), con un valor energético de la cascarilla de 4.155 kcal/kg. De la almendra se obtuvo aceite (44,1 %) y torta (55,9 %). El aceite presento en mayor proporción dos ácidos grasos: oleico (40,3 %) y linoleico (38,6 %), y la torta, un contenido de proteína del 62,0 %. El aceite de JCL tiene potencial para biodiesel; la pulpa, como biofertilizante; la cascarilla, para la cogeneración de energía; y la torta, para alimentación animal.
Effectiveness of Internet-Based Interventions for the Prevention of Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sander Lasse , Rausch Leonie , Baumeister Harald 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundMental disorders are highly prevalent and associated with considerable disease burden and personal and societal costs. However, they can be effectively reduced through prevention measures. The Internet as a medium appears to be an opportunity for scaling up preventive interventions to a population level.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to systematically summarize the current state of research on Internet-based interventions for the prevention of mental disorders to give a comprehensive overview of this fast-growing field.MethodsA systematic database search was conducted (CENTRAL, Medline, PsycINFO). Studies were selected according to defined eligibility criteria (adult population, Internet-based mental health intervention, including a control group, reporting onset or severity data, randomized controlled trial). Primary outcome was onset of mental disorder. Secondary outcome was symptom severity. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Meta-analytical pooling of results took place if feasible.ResultsAfter removing duplicates, 1169 studies were screened of which 17 were eligible for inclusion. Most studies examined prevention of eating disorders or depression or anxiety. Two studies on posttraumatic stress disorder and 1 on panic disorder were also included. Overall study quality was moderate. Only 5 studies reported incidence data assessed by means of standardized clinical interviews (eg, SCID). Three of them found significant differences in onset with a number needed to treat of 9.3-41.3. Eleven studies found significant improvements in symptom severity with small-to-medium effect sizes (d=0.11- d=0.76) in favor of the intervention groups. The meta-analysis conducted for depression severity revealed a posttreatment pooled effect size of standardized mean difference (SMD) =−0.35 (95% CI, −0.57 to −0.12) for short-term follow-up, SMD = −0.22 (95% CI, −0.37 to −0.07) for medium-term follow-up, and SMD = −0.14 (95% CI, -0.36 to 0.07) for long-term follow-up in favor of the Internet-based psychological interventions when compared with waitlist or care as usual.ConclusionsInternet-based interventions are a promising approach to prevention of mental disorders, enhancing existing methods. Study results are still limited due to inadequate diagnostic procedures. To be able to appropriately comment on effectiveness, future studies need to report incidence data assessed by means of standardized interviews. Public health policy should promote research to reduce health care costs over the long term, and health care providers should implement existing, demonstrably effective interventions into routine care.
FLAT-FIELDING OF SOLAR Hα OBSERVATIONS BASED ON THE MAXIMUM CORRENTROPY CRITERION
Authors: Xu Gao-Gui , Zheng Sheng , Lin Gang-Hua , Wang Xiao-Fan 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The flat-field CCD calibration method of Kuhn et al. (KLL) is an efficient method for flat-fielding. However, since it depends on the minimum of the sum of squares error (SSE), its solution is sensitive to noise, especially non-Gaussian noise. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to determine the flat field. The idea is to change the criterion of gain estimate from SSE to the maximum correntropy. The result of a test on simulated data demonstrates that our method has a higher accuracy and a faster convergence than KLL’s and Chae’s. It has been found that the method effectively suppresses noise, especially in the case of typical non-Gaussian noise. And the computing time of our algorithm is the shortest.
Émergence et évolutions de la prévention dans les politiques de la vieillesse
Authors: Alvarez Stéphane 
Published: August 2016

Depuis le début des années 2000, la prévention dans le vieillissement fait l’objet d’une attention particulière de la part des gouvernements successifs. Afin d’anticiper les conséquences du vieillissement de la population et de réduire le risque de voir les retraités et personnes âgées intégrer la catégorie de la dépendance, la politique de prévention promeut le « bien vieillir », notion qui est notamment inscrite dans les objectifs stratégiques des caisses de retraite. Il s’agit, par des actions d’information et de formation, de faire adopter aux personnes vieillissantes des comportements et un style de vie à même de préserver leur santé. Le déploiement d’une politique de prévention en vue de « bien vieillir » est cependant à questionner. Comment cette orientation s’inscrit-elle par rapport à la longue histoire des politiques vieillesse et de leurs acteurs centraux ? Cet article revient sur le processus de mise à l’agenda de la prévention et du « bien vieillir » et s’intéresse à la production et la diffusion de nouvelles normes dans la vieillesse.
Relations- and task-oriented behaviour of school leaders: Cases from primary schools in Finland
Authors: Rajbhandari Mani Man Singh , Rajbhandari Smriti , Loock Coert 
Published: August 2016

<p>This research explores and compares two leadership behavioural styles – relations- and task-oriented behavioural styles – of school leaders in Finland. This study aimed to explore and understand the behavioural style of school leaders, specifically related to relations-oriented and task-oriented behaviour. Three schools in Finland were selected. In-depth interviews were conducted with school principals, as school leaders, and other school actors, such as vice<br />principals, teachers, special-education teachers, and administrative staff members. The results suggest that leadership behavioural styles in terms of relations-oriented and task-oriented behaviour are equally important for accommodating changes and development in schools. The results suggest that relations-oriented behaviour was preferred by those who had been in the organisation for a longer time. The task-oriented behavioural style was found to be adopted when changes were required by the municipality (school district), which needed to be urgently addressed to meet the current requirements for school infrastructural development and changes in the educational system. In addition, the school leaders with task-oriented behaviour were more effective, while leaders with relations-oriented behaviour were efficient and generated social harmony. These findings suggest that contextual variations enabled flexibility in leadership behavioural style.</p>
Temporal variability of readmission determinants in postoperative vascular surgery patients
Authors: Lin MJ , Baky F , Housley BC , Kelly N , Pletcher E , Balshi JD , Stawicki SP , Evans DC 
Published: August 2016

Introduction:
Clinical information continues to be limited regarding changes in the temporal risk profile for readmissions during the initial postoperative year in vascular surgery patients. We set out to describe the associations between demographics, clinical outcomes, comorbidity indices, and hospital readmissions in a sample of patients undergoing common extremity revascularization or dialysis access (ERDA) procedures. We hypothesized that factors independently associated with readmission will evolve from “short-term” to “long-term” determinants at 30-, 180-, and 360-day postoperative cutoff points.

Methods:
Following IRB approval, medical records of patients who underwent ERDA at two institutions were retrospectively reviewed between 2008 and 2014. Abstracted data included patient demographics, procedural characteristics, the American Society of Anesthesiologists score, Goldman Criteria for perioperative cardiac assessment, the Charlson comorbidity index, morbidity, mortality, and readmission (at 30-, 180-, and 360-days). Univariate analyses were performed for readmissions at each specified time point. Variables reaching statistical significance of P< 0.20 were included in multivariate analyses for factors independently associated with readmission.

Results:
A total of 450 of 744 patients who underwent ERDA with complete medical records were included. Patients underwent either an extremity revascularization (e.g. bypass or endarterectomy, 406/450) or a noncatheter dialysis access procedure (44/450). Sample characteristics included 262 (58.2%) females, mean age 61.4 ± 12.9 years, 63 (14%) emergent procedures, and median operative time 164 min. Median hospital length of stay (index admission) was 4 days. Cumulative readmission rates at 30-, 180-, and 360-day were 12%, 27%, and 35%, respectively. Corresponding mortality rates were 3%, 7%, and 9%. Key factors independently associated with 30-, 180-, and 360-day readmissions evolved over the study period from comorbidity and morbidity-related issues in the short-term to cardiovascular and graft patency issues in the long-term. Any earlier readmission elevated the risk of subsequent readmission.

Conclusions:
We noted important patterns in the temporal behavior of hospital readmission risk in patients undergoing ERDA. Although factors independently associated with readmission were not surprising (e.g. comorbidity profile, cardiovascular status, and graft patency), the knowledge of temporal trends described in this study may help determine clinical risk profiles for individual patients and guide readmission reduction strategies. These considerations will be increasingly important in the evolving paradigm of value-based healthcare.
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Co-occurring Substance Use Disorder – A Systematic Review
Authors: Arnevik Espen Ajo , Helverschou Sissel Berge 
Published: August 2016

Objective Patients with co-occurring autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and substance use disorder (SUD) require special attention from clinical services. Screening for this co-occurrence is not generally an integral part of routine clinical assessments, and failure to identify and understand this group of patients may contribute to a worsening of their symptoms and/or an increase in drug abuse. Thus, there is a need to review the evidence base on patients with co-occurring ASD and SUD in order to enhance clinical practice and future research. Methods We reviewed all identified papers on patients with co-occurring ASD and SUD. The focus of the review was on epidemiology, patient characteristics, function of drug use, and the effect of current interventions. Results A total of 18 papers were included in the analysis. Eleven papers were based on epidemiological studies, although only one study reported the prevalence of ASD in an SUD population. Two papers explored the role of personality, three papers studied subgroups of individuals serving prison for violent or sexual crimes, and one paper explored the function of drugs in the ASD patient group. There were no studies testing specific treatment interventions. Conclusions In most of the treatment settings studied, there were relatively few patients with co-occurring ASD and SUD, but due to differences in study samples it was difficult to establish a general prevalence rate. The one consistent finding was the lack of focused treatment studies. There is clearly a need for research on interventions that take account of the special needs of this patient group.
Restoring Crested Wheatgrass Stands to Big Sagebrush for Improved Sage-grouse Habitat: A Literature Review
Authors: Wengreen Krystle A. , Frisina Michael , Hager Julie L. , Sowell Bok F. 
Published: August 2016

<p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Greater sage-grouse <span class="search1">(<em>Centrocercus urophasianus)</em> is</span> a high priority species for federal and state land management agencies in the Western United States. Sage-grouse<span class="search1"> are sagebrush (<em>Artemisia spp</em>.) obligates requiring sagebrush for their survival throughout the year. Sagebrush has been removed and replaced with crested wheatgrass </span>(<em>Agropyron</em><em>cristatum</em><span class="search1"> &amp; </span><em>A.</em><em>desertorum</em><span class="search1">) throughout the West. The objectives of this paper were to review the literature (100 papers), as well as consult experts, to determine which methods are most likely to eliminate crested wheatgrass and establish sagebrush. No technique eliminates crested wheatgrass in a single application but research suggests it should not comprise more than 14% cover for successful reseeding of other species. Grazing and fire have no long-term impacts on crested wheatgrass. Mechanical treatments, such as plowing, disking, and cultivating reduce and eradicate crested wheatgrass, but a flush of invasive annual grasses following mechanical disturbance can make establishment of seeded species difficult. </span><span class="search1"><span>If invasive plant establishment is a problem with mechanical treatments, crested wheatgrass stands should be treated with </span>glyphosate in early spring for two consecutive years at a rate of 1.1 kg/ha of active ingredient. Then, sagebrush should be seeded in the late fall using a compact row seeder or Brillion cultipacker at a rate of 0.22 kg/ha pure live seed. </span></span></p>
Dependence of image flicker on dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystal in a fringe field switching liquid crystal cell
Authors: Oh Seung-Won , Baek Jong-Min , Kim Jung-Wook , Yoon Tae-Hoon 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Two types of image flicker, which are caused by the flexoelectric effect of liquid crystals (LCs), are observed when a fringe-field switching (FFS) LC cell is driven by a low frequency electric field. Static image flicker, observed because of the transmittance difference between neighboring frames, has been reported previously. On the other hand, research on dynamic image flicker has been minimal until now. Dynamic image flicker is noticeable because of the brief transmittance drop when the sign of the applied voltage is reversed. We investigated the dependence of the image flicker in an FFS LC cell on dielectric anisotropy of the LCs in terms of both the static and dynamic flicker. Experimental results show that small dielectric anisotropy of the LC can help suppress not only the static but also dynamic flicker for positive LCs. We found that both the static and dynamic flicker in negative LCs is less evident than in positive LCs.
Geomagnetic control of the midlatitude foF1 and foF2 long‐term variations: Recent observations in Europe
Authors: Perrone L. , Mikhailov A. V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA new very simple method, allowing an easy control, has been applied to extract long‐term (11 year) δfoF2 11y and δfoF1 11y variations from June foF2 and foF1 monthly median observations at European Slough/Chilton and Juliusruh stations, including recent data until 2015. The aim of the analysis was to check the validity of the geomagnetic control of foF2 and foF1 long‐term variations in the 21st century with the main accent on the period including the last deep solar minimum in 2008–2009. The geomagnetic control was shown to be valid. Moreover, the dependence on geomagnetic activity has become more pronounced and explicit after 1990. A simultaneous analysis of foF2 and foF1 long‐term variations improves the reliability of the obtained conclusions and helps understand the physical mechanism of these variations. Due to common neutral composition and the similarity of photochemical processes noontime foF2 and foF1 demonstrate similar long‐term variations: the correlation coefficient between δfoF2 11y and δfoF1 11y is 0.834 at Slough/Chilton and 0.884 at Juliusruh with the 99% confidence level according to Fisher's F criterion. Midnight long‐term δfoF2 11y variations also manifest a pronounced dependence on Ap11y which may be interpreted in the framework of the geomagnetic control concept.
Stress drop estimates of potentially induced earthquakes in the Guy‐Greenbrier sequence
Authors: Huang Yihe , Beroza Gregory C. , Ellsworth William L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe calculate corner frequencies and stress drops for 25 potentially induced earthquakes (Mw 2.17 − 2.57) in the Guy‐Greenbrier sequence in the central Arkansas. We use the spectral ratio method, employing highly similar earthquakes as empirical Green's functions (eGfs). We show that multiple eGfs give consistent corner frequency estimates for the same earthquake and find a range of stress drops of 1.02 MPa to 42.50 MPa with a median of 10.57 MPa by using the Brune spectral model and the source parameters given by Sato and Hirasawa []. We also analyze stress drop dependence on the assumed spectral models and source parameters and use a bootstrapping analysis to calculate the uncertainty in corner frequency and stress drop estimates. The Boatwright spectral model leads to lower stress drop estimates than the Brune spectral model due to the limited bandwidth and fixed fall‐off rates. We find that the uncertainty in the stress drop of each earthquake is generally much smaller than the range of stress drop estimates. The value and range of these stress drops of the potentially induced earthquakes are similar to tectonic earthquakes in California reported by other spectral ratio studies. Our results highlight the value of spectral ratio analyses of earthquakes in the central United States.
Estimation of melt pond fraction over high‐concentration Arctic sea ice using AMSR‐E passive microwave data
Authors: Tanaka Yasuhiro , Tateyama Kazutaka , Kameda Takao , Hutchings Jennifer K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMelt pond fraction (MPF) on sea ice is an important factor for ice‐albedo feedback throughout the Arctic Ocean. We propose an algorithm to estimate MPF using satellite passive microwave data in this study. The brightness temperature (TB) data obtained from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer‐Earth observing system (AMSR‐E) were compared to the ship‐based MPF in the Beaufort Sea and Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The difference between the TB at horizontal and vertical polarizations of 6.9 and 89.0 GHz (MP06H–89V), respectively, depends on the MPF. The correlation between MP06H–89V and ship‐based MPF was higher than that between ship‐based MPF and two individual channels (6.9 and 89.0 GHz of horizontal and vertical polarizations, respectively). The MPF determined with the highest resolution channel, 89.0 GHz (5 km × 5 km), provides spatial information with more detail than the 6.9 GHz channel. The algorithm estimates the relative fraction of ice covered by water (1) over areas where sea ice concentration is higher than 95%, (2) during late summer, and (3) in areas with low atmospheric humidity. The MPF estimated from AMSR‐E data (AMSR‐E MPF) in early summer was underestimated at lower latitudes and overestimated at higher latitudes, compared to the MPF obtained from the Moderate Resolution Image Spectrometer (MODIS MPF). The differences between AMSR‐E MPF and MODIS MPF were less than 5% in most the regions and the periods. Our results suggest that the proposal algorithm serves as a basis for building time series of MPF in regions of consolidated ice pack.
Upper ocean response to typhoon Kalmaegi (2014)
Authors: Zhang Han , Chen Dake , Zhou Lei , Liu Xiaohui , Ding Tao , Zhou Beifeng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTyphoon Kalmaegi passed over an array of buoys and moorings in the northern South China Sea in September 2014, leaving a rare set of observations on typhoon‐induced dynamical and thermohaline responses in the upper ocean. The dynamical response was characterized by strong near‐inertial currents with opposite phases in the surface mixed layer and in the thermocline, indicating the dominance of the response by the excitation of the first baroclinic mode. The thermohaline response showed considerable changes in the mean fields in addition to a near‐inertial oscillation. In particular, temperature and salinity anomalies generally exhibited a three‐layer vertical structure, with the surface layer becoming cooler and saltier, the subsurface layer warmer and fresher, and the lower layer cooler and saltier again. The response in the surface and subsurface layers was much stronger to the right of the typhoon track, while that in the lower layer was stronger along the track and to the left. These features of the upper ocean response were grossly reproduced by a three‐dimensional numerical model. A model‐based heat budget analysis suggests that vertical mixing was mainly responsible for the surface cooling and subsurface warming, while upwelling was the cause of cooling from below. Both observations and model results indicate that the whole upper ocean experienced an overall cooling in the wake of typhoon Kalmaegi.