bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Study of Nasal Infantile Hemangiomas: Characteristics, Complications, and Outcomes
Authors: Kryatova Maria S. , Rainer Barbara M. , Zhao Jiawei , Villarroel Vadim A. , Yasmine Kirkorian Anna , Grossberg Anna L. , Puttgen Katherine B. , Cohen Bernard A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesNasal infantile hemangiomas (IHs) pose serious medical complications and psychosocial stress if tumor involution is incomplete or prolonged. The objective was to determine which IH characteristics are associated with complications and are predictive of outcome, assessed as the presence of IHs or residual skin changes upon kindergarten entry, to better manage these lesions and counsel families.MethodsA retrospective chart review of all patients seen in the Division of Pediatric Dermatology at Johns Hopkins Medicine between 2001 and 2014 for nasal IHs (N = 89) was performed. A follow‐up telephone interview with parents was conducted in June and July 2014.ResultsComplications were observed in 39% of patients. Segmental and indeterminate IHs were more likely to have complications than focal IHs (p = 0.01). Mixed IHs were more likely to ulcerate than deep or superficial IHs (p = 0.01). Eighty percent of patients had treatment and 19% had surgery. Although IHs regressed by kindergarten entry in 70% of patients, 78% of these patients had residual skin changes. Mixed and superficial IHs left more residua than deep IHs (p = 0.04). A statistical comparison of treatments with respect to outcome at kindergarten entry could not be made because subgroups were too small and heterogeneous.ConclusionNasal IHs had higher rates of complications and treatment than previous reports of IHs at all body sites. Lesions of segmental and indeterminate type and mixed depth should be identified as high risk and treated accordingly. Parents may be counseled that most nasal IHs involute by kindergarten but leave residua and that early referral for treatment may be important for the best outcome.
Liver fibrosis with hypereosinophilia causing transient abnormal myelopoiesis
Authors: Minakata Shunsuke , Sakata Naoki , Wada Norihisa , Konishi Yuhei , Marutani Satoshi , Enya Takuji , Nakagawa Hidenori , Wada Hiroshi , Takemura Tsukasa 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTransient abnormal myelopoesis is mostly self‐resolving and has a good prognosis, but some patients subsequently die of liver fibrosis. We report the case of an infant with Down syndrome who developed life‐threatening liver fibrosis at the same time as the blasts were about to disappear. This patient also had a marked increase in eosinophils, which were possibly harboring a GATA1 mutation and were expressing a high level of platelet‐derived growth factor‐B mRNA; these may have been involved in the development of liver fibrosis. Low‐dose cytosine arabinoside therapy effectively treated both hypereosinophilia and liver fibrosis.
Oxygen delivery using neonatal self‐inflating bags without reservoirs
Authors: Sugiura Takahiro , Urushibata Rei , Komatsu Kenji , Shioda Tsutomu , Ota Tatsuki , Sato Megumi , Okubo Yumiko , Fukuoka Tetsuya , Hosono Shigeharu , Tamura Masanori 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines recommend avoiding excessive oxygen during neonatal resuscitation. Recent studies have suggested that oxygen titration can be achieved using a self‐inflating bag, but data on the effectiveness of resuscitators used in neonatal ventilation are scarce, The aim of this study was therefore to determine the amount of oxygen delivered using several brands of neonatal self‐inflating resuscitation bags without reservoirs under different conditions with regard to oxygen flow rate, ventilation rate (VR), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) range, and test lung compliance.MethodsOxygen concentration was measured under a variety of conditions. Combinations of oxygen flow rate (10, 5.0, 3.0 and 1.0 L/min), VR (40, 60 inflations/min), PIP range (20–25 cmH2O, 35–40 cmH2O), and test lung compliance (0.6, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mL/cmH2O) were examined using six kinds of self‐inflating bag.ResultsDelivered oxygen concentration varied widely (30.1–96.7%) and had a significant positive correlation with gas flow rate in all of the bags. Delivered oxygen concentration was also negatively correlated with PIP in all of the bags and with VR in some of them. Test lung compliance did not affect delivered oxygen concentration.ConclusionThe use of neonatal resuscitation self‐inflating bags without reservoirs resulted in different delivered oxygen concentrations depending on gas flow rate, VR, PIP, and manufacturer, but not on lung compliance. This suggests that targeted oxygen concentrations could be delivered, even in lungs with decreased compliance, during resuscitation.
Mechanism of auditory hypersensitivity in human autism using autism model rats
Authors: Ida‐Eto Michiru , Hara Nao , Ohkawara Takeshi , Narita Masaaki 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundAuditory hypersensitivity is one of the major complications in autism spectrum disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the auditory brain center is affected in autism model rats.MethodsAutism model rats were prepared by prenatal exposure to thalidomide on embryonic day 9 and 10 in pregnant rats. The superior olivary complex (SOC), a complex of auditory nuclei, was immunostained with anti‐calbindin d28k antibody at postnatal day 50.ResultsIn autism model rats, SOC immunoreactivity was markedly decreased. Strength of immunostaining of SOC auditory fibers was also weak in autism model rats. Surprisingly, the size of the medial nucleus of trapezoid body, a nucleus exerting inhibitory function in SOC, was significantly decreased in autism model rats.ConclusionsAuditory hypersensitivity may be, in part, due to impairment of inhibitory processing by the auditory brain center.
Electrophysiological revelations of trial history effects in a color oddball search task
Authors: Shin Eunsam , Chong Sang Chul 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn visual oddball search tasks, viewing a no‐target scene (i.e., no‐target selection trial) leads to the facilitation or delay of the search time for a target in a subsequent trial. Presumably, this selection failure leads to biasing attentional set and prioritizing stimulus features unseen in the no‐target scene. We observed attention‐related ERP components and tracked the course of attentional biasing as a function of trial history. Participants were instructed to identify color oddballs (i.e., targets) shown in varied trial sequences. The number of no‐target scenes preceding a target scene was increased from zero to two to reinforce attentional biasing, and colors presented in two successive no‐target scenes were repeated or changed to systematically bias attention to specific colors. For the no‐target scenes, the presentation of a second no‐target scene resulted in an early selection of, and sustained attention to, the changed colors (mirrored in the frontal selection positivity, the anterior N2, and the P3b). For the target scenes, the N2pc indicated an earlier allocation of attention to the targets with unseen or remotely seen colors. Inhibitory control of attention, shown in the anterior N2, was greatest when the target scene was followed by repeated no‐target scenes with repeated colors. Finally, search times and the P3b were influenced by both color previewing and its history. The current results demonstrate that attentional biasing can occur on a trial‐by‐trial basis and be influenced by both feature previewing and its history.
Steady‐state visual evoked potentials as a research tool in social affective neuroscience
Authors: Wieser Matthias J. , Miskovic Vladimir , Keil Andreas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLike many other primates, humans place a high premium on social information transmission and processing. One important aspect of this information concerns the emotional state of other individuals, conveyed by distinct visual cues such as facial expressions, overt actions, or by cues extracted from the situational context. A rich body of theoretical and empirical work has demonstrated that these socioemotional cues are processed by the human visual system in a prioritized fashion, in the service of optimizing social behavior. Furthermore, socioemotional perception is highly dependent on situational contexts and previous experience. Here, we review current issues in this area of research and discuss the utility of the steady‐state visual evoked potential (ssVEP) technique for addressing key empirical questions. Methodological advantages and caveats are discussed with particular regard to quantifying time‐varying competition among multiple perceptual objects, trial‐by‐trial analysis of visual cortical activation, functional connectivity, and the control of low‐level stimulus features. Studies on facial expression and emotional scene processing are summarized, with an emphasis on viewing faces and other social cues in emotional contexts, or when competing with each other. Further, because the ssVEP technique can be readily accommodated to studying the viewing of complex scenes with multiple elements, it enables researchers to advance theoretical models of socioemotional perception, based on complex, quasinaturalistic viewing situations.
Semen supplementation with palmitoleic acid promotes kinematics, microscopic and antioxidative parameters of ram spermatozoa during liquid storage
Authors: Eslami M , Ghasemiyan H , Zadeh Hashem E 
Published: October 2016

ContentsThe purpose of the present experiment was to investigate the protective effects of palmitoleate on the quality of ram semen during low temperature liquid storage. Ejaculates were collected using the artificial vagina from four Qezel rams twice a week. Ejaculates were pooled, diluted with Tris–egg yolk extender without palmitoleate (control) or supplemented with 0.125 (P 0.125), 0.25 (P 0.25), 0.5 (P 0.5) and 1 (P 1) mM palmitoleate at a final concentration of 500 × 106 spermatozoa/ml. Total motility and forward progressive motility (FPM) as well as other spermatozoa kinematics were evaluated by computer‐assisted sperm analysis. Moreover, viability and membrane functionality were determined in the spermatozoa. Additionally, amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant activity (AOA), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were evaluated in the medium and spermatozoa at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hr of storage. The palmitoleate supplementation resulted in a significant (p < .05) increase in total motility and FPM with the highest increase at 0.5 mM concentration for 72 hr. P 0.5 group also resulted in the highest percentage of membrane‐intact spermatozoa (76.60 ± 1.95%) and viability (75.81 ± 1.34%) at 72 hr (p < .05). The amounts of MDA and NO were lower in P 0.125, P 0.25 and P 0.5 groups compared to control at 48 hr and 72 hr (p < .05). Higher amounts of AOA were obtained in palmitoleate‐treated groups in medium and spermatozoa during storage time (p < .05). Furthermore, palmitoleate supplementation increased the SOD activities in spermatozoa compared to the control (p < .05). The results of the present experiment reveal that supplementation with 0.5 mM palmitoleate improves ram spermatozoa motion characteristics, AOA levels and SOD activities during liquid storage. Then, palmitoleate could be used as an antioxidant source during liquid storage of ram semen.
Enhancing Industrial Cluster Formation Through the Realistic Export Opportunities of the TRADE‐DSM
Authors: Pisa Noleen , Viviers Wilma , Rossouw Riaan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper explores the natural synergies between industrial cluster formation and the identification of realistic export opportunities (REOs), using the TRADE‐DSM for a resource‐dependent region, the North West Province of South Africa. The structural path analysis and power of pull methods were applied to a provincial social accounting matrix to identify the top industrial clusters. Ten industrial clusters were identified and matched to the results of the TRADE‐DSM. Six of the industrial clusters analysed had REOs. These results provide a basis for focused export market development and for the formalisation of the cluster initiative as a strategy for sustained economic and export growth.
Examining the Performance of the South African Economics Departments, 2005‐2014
Authors: Yu Derek , Kasongo Atoko , Moses Mariana 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study examines the teaching and research activities of 17 Economics Departments in 2005‐2014 by consulting the information from each university's faculty prospectus, publication in accredited local and international peer‐reviewed journals, Economic Society of South Africa conference participation, Economic Research Southern Africa working paper series and the National Research Foundation. The results indicate there is big variation in the departments’ teaching and research activities during the period. Nonetheless, research output increased, in particular publication in accredited international journals in both absolute and proportional terms.
Postdeployment Suicide Risk Increases Over a 6‐month Period: Predictors of Increased Risk among Midwestern Army National Guard Soldiers
Authors: Kim Hyungjin Myra , Levine Debra Siegel , Pfeiffer Paul N. , Blow Adrian J. , Marchiondo Christopher , Walters Heather , Valenstein Marcia 
Published: October 2016

National Guard (NG) soldiers returning from deployments in Iraq and Afghanistan were surveyed at 6 and 12 months following their return (N = 970). The overall prevalence of suicide risk at 6 and 12 months following their return was assessed, as were changes in suicide risk among soldiers initially at high or low risk. Factors associated with changes in risk were assessed. The percentage of NG soldiers with high suicide risk increased from 6.8% at 6 months to 9.2% at 12 months (odds ratio = 1.7, p = .02). In the 882 soldiers initially at low risk, 5.9% (52/882) became high risk at 12 months; in the 64 soldiers initially at high risk, 46.9% (30/64) became low risk at 12 months. Initial levels of depressive symptoms were predictive of changing to high risk; this association appeared to be partially explained by soldier reports of increased search in the meaning in life and higher levels of perceived stress. Because suicide risk increases over the first 12 months, continued risk assessments during this time period should be considered. Supporting soldiers to find meaning in their life after deployment and enhancing their capacity to cope with perceived stress may help prevent increases in suicide risk over time.
Genetic architecture of motives for leisure‐time physical activity: a twin study
Authors: Aaltonen S. , Kaprio J. , Vuoksimaa E. , Huppertz C. , Kujala U. M. , Silventoinen K. 
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to estimate the contribution of genetic and environmental influences on motives for engaging in leisure‐time physical activity. The participants were obtained from the FinnTwin16 study. A modified version of the Recreational Exercise Motivation Measure was used to assess the motives for leisure‐time physical activity in 2542 twin individuals (mean age of 34.1 years). Linear structural equation modeling was used to investigate the genetic and environmental influences on motive dimensions. The highest heritability estimates were found for the motive dimensions of “enjoyment” [men 33% (95% CI 23–43%), women 53% (95% CI 45–60%)] and “affiliation” [men 39% (95% CI 0.28–0.49%), women 35% (95% CI 0.25–0.43%)]. The lowest heritability estimates were found for others’ expectations [men 13% (95% CI 0.04–0.25%), women 15% (95% CI 0.07–0.24%)]. Unique environmental influences explained the remaining variances, which ranged from 47% to 87%. The heritability estimates for summary variables of intrinsic and extrinsic motives were 36% and 32% for men and 40% and 24% for women, respectively. In conclusion, genetic factors contribute to motives for leisure‐time physical activity. However, the genetic effects are, at most, moderate, implying the greater relative role of environmental factors.
Grow Old With Me! Future Directions of Race, Age, and Place Scholarship
Authors: Byrnes Mary E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article reviews current theories of age and place to demonstrate a more inclusive perspective in sociology that considers race, age, and place. Scholars who study age have advanced our knowledge about what place means to old people or how environment operates in an oppressive way to aged bodies. Likewise, race scholars have advanced our knowledge about the ways oppression and White supremacy are rooted in place. Yet the two bodies of literature do not inform one another, and there are potentially dangerous gaps in our knowledge that contribute to oppression. The result is age scholarship about environment that lacks a critical race perspective and race scholarship on place that ignores the oppressive conditions of age. By reviewing these pieces, I argue that scholars must inform themselves of the ways in which we overlook important analyses and may potentially contribute to our own ageism.
The political consequences of contemporary immigration
Authors: Eger Maureen A. , Bohman Andrea 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article synthesizes research on political outcomes associated with increasing immigration, with an emphasis on cross‐national studies of European countries, where immigration is a relatively newer phenomenon compared to the United States and other traditional immigrant destinations. We begin with explanations of and research on anti‐immigrant sentiment, not a political phenomenon in itself but considered an important precursor to other relevant political attitudes. Next, we review scholarship on the relationship between immigration and support for the welfare state, as well as exclusionary attitudes regarding immigrants' rights to welfare benefits. Then, we review research on immigration and political party preferences, in particular radical right parties, whose platforms often combine anti‐immigration and welfare chauvinistic positions. We conclude by discussing how these processes may ultimately shape social policies, which may in turn influence immigration itself.
Examining Determinants of Foreign Wage Premiums in China
Authors: Greaney Theresa M. , Li Yao 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe estimate foreign wage premiums for every 3‐digit manufacturing industry in China and discover a wide range of premiums both for ‘foreign’ ownership and for overseas Chinese ownership. Foreign ownership generates larger and more prevalent wage premiums than overseas Chinese ownership, but both produce premiums that respond similarly in estimates of determinants. Using the number of computers per worker to measure firms' technology levels, we find evidence consistent with the hypothesis that foreign firms pay higher wages to reduce the risk of worker turnover and the accompanying technology leakage in 76 to 78 per cent of industries. However, this determinant explains only 5 to 6 per cent of the foreign wage premium. We find the most intensive support for the ‘fair wage’ hypothesis that foreign firms pay higher wages because they are more profitable than domestic firms and workers in more profitable firms expect to be paid more, otherwise they will shirk. This hypothesis explains an average of 8 to 9 per cent of the foreign wage premiums, with support found in 72 to 75 per cent of the industries. When we consider the best combination of explanatory variables to include in each industry's wage regression, we find evidence consistent with our combined hypotheses in most industries, but we still find large residual foreign wage premiums.
Spurious reticulocyte profiles in dogs with large form babesiosis: a retrospective study
Authors: Piane Laetitia , Young Karen M. , Giraud Lena , Bourges‐Abella Nathalie , Trumel Catherine 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundErroneously high reticulocyte counts (pseudoreticulocytosis) have been reported in dogs with leukemia. Pseudoreticulocytosis and an abnormal reticulocyte profile were observed in a dog with large form babesiosis presented at our institution.ObjectivesThe aims of this retrospective study were to determine if dogs with babesiosis and other dogs had abnormal reticulocyte profiles, and to correlate these profiles with the primary diagnosis.MethodsAll canine CBCs obtained with the Sysmex XT‐2000iV or Procyte DX were reviewed. Cases of large form babesiosis were identified and their reticulocyte dot plots were analyzed. Dogs with abnormal reticulocyte profiles but without microscopically apparent intraerythrocytic Babesia piroplasms were identified. The reticulocyte profiles and fluorescence ratios of dogs with and without babesiosis were compared.ResultsTwenty of 92 dogs with babesiosis had abnormal reticulocyte profiles, including 8 with a separation between the reticulocyte and mature RBC plots or a continuum of reticulocytes from the RBC plot but with a higher density of dots in the middle of the “comet tail” than in the left quarter of the dot plot. Thirteen of 6980 dogs without Babesia on the blood smear had abnormal reticulocyte profiles, including 3 with leukemia. The medium‐fluorescence reticulocyte ratios tended to be higher in dogs with babesiosis and abnormal dot plots than in other dogs, whereas the high‐fluorescence ratio was higher in one dog with leukemia.ConclusionAbnormal reticulocyte dot plots and atypical reticulocyte fluorescence ratios may occur in dogs with babesiosis and alert clinical pathologists to consider this diagnosis.
Carotid body chemoreflex: a driver of autonomic abnormalities in sleep apnoea
Authors: Prabhakar Nanduri R. 
Published: October 2016

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
This article presents emerging evidence for heightened carotid body chemoreflex activity as a major driver of sympathetic activation and hypertension in sleep apnoea patients.
What advances does it heighlight?
This article discusses the recent advances on cellular, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the exaggerated chemoreflex in experimental models of sleep apnoea.

The carotid bodies are the principal peripheral chemoreceptors for detecting changes in arterial blood oxygen concentration, and the resulting chemoreflex is a potent regulator of the sympathetic tone, blood pressure and breathing. Sleep apnoea is a disease of the respiratory system that affects several million adult humans. Apnoeas occur during sleep, often as a result of obstruction of the upper airway (obstructive sleep apnoea) or because of defective respiratory rhythm generation by the CNS (central sleep apnoea). Patients with sleep apnoea exhibit several co‐morbidities, with the most notable among them being heightened sympathetic nerve activity and hypertension. Emerging evidence suggests that intermittent hypoxia resulting from periodic apnoea stimulates the carotid body, and the ensuing chemoreflex mediates the increased sympathetic tone and hypertension in sleep apnoea patients. Rodent models of intermittent hypoxia that simulate the O2 saturation profiles encountered during sleep apnoea have provided important insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the heightened carotid body chemoreflex. This article describes how intermittent hypoxia affects the carotid body function and discusses the cellular, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the exaggerated chemoreflex.