bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure and distribution of antennal sensilla of the chilli thripsScirtothrips dorsalishood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Zhu Wenjing , Zhou Shihao , Wang Shijie , Han Dongyin , Chen Junyu , Fu Yueguan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe chilli thrips,Scirtothrips dorsalisHood, is a serious pest of numerous important vegetable and ornamental crops. Various signals, especially phytochemical cues, determine the behavior of the phytophagous thrips at host selection. The sensory abilities ofS. dorsalisare poorly understood although the antennae of adult are known to possess important sensory structures in orther insects. In this study, the morphology, distribution, and ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of theS. dorsaliswere examined by using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Microscopy observations revealed that adult male and femaleS. dorsalispossess filiform antennae. Each antenna comprises a scape, a pedicel, and a flagellum composed of six segments without clear sexual dimorphism in the number and distribution of antennal sensilla. The scape and pedicel exhibit Böhm's bristles, sensilla chaetica, and sensilla campaniform. The external structures of these organs reveal their mechanosensory function. In the flagellum, the most represented sensilla are the multiporous sensilla basiconica, which can be divided into three types of single‐walled olfactory sensilla; three types of sensilla chaetica with mechanosensory and gustatory functions; sensilla coeloconica, which possess hollow cuticular spoke channels and represent double‐walled olfactory sensilla; sensilla capitula and sensilla cavity with thermo‐hygrosensory functions; and aporous sensilla trichodea with smooth cuticula and mechanosensory function. The putative function of described sensilla is discussed in ralation to host plant selection behavior ofS. dorsalis.
Indications and techniques of biliary drainage for acute cholangitis in updated Tokyo Guidelines 2018
Authors: Mukai Shuntaro , Itoi Takao , Baron Todd H. , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Pitt Henry A. , Ukai Tomohiko , Shikata Satoru , Teoh Anthony Yuen Bun , Kim Myung‐Hwan , Kiriyama Seiki , Mori Yasuhisa , Miura Fumihiko , Chen Miin‐Fu , Lau Wan Yee , Wada Keita , Supe Avinash Nivritti , Giménez Mariano Eduardo , Yoshida Masahiro , Mayumi Toshihiko , Hirata Koichi , Sumiyama Yoshinobu , Inui Kazuo , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13) include new topics in the biliary drainage section. From these topics, we describe the indications and new techniques of biliary drainage for acute cholangitis with videos. Recently, many novel studies and case series have been published across the world, thus TG13 need to be updated regarding the indications and selection of biliary drainage based on published data. Herein, we describe the latest updated TG13 on biliary drainage in acute cholangitis with meta‐analysis. The present study showed that endoscopic transpapillary biliary drainage regardless of the use of nasobiliary drainage or biliary stenting, should be selected as the first‐line therapy for acute cholangitis. In acute cholangitis, endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) is not routinely required for biliary drainage alone because of the concern of post‐EST bleeding. In case of concomitant bile duct stones, stone removal following EST at a single session may be considered in patients with mild or moderate acute cholangitis except in patients under anticoagulant therapy or with coagulopathy. We recommend the removal of difficult stones at two sessions after drainage in patients with a large stone or multiple stones. In patients with potential coagulopathy, endoscopic papillary dilation can be a better technique than EST for stone removal. Presently, balloon enteroscopy‐assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (BE‐ERCP) is used as the first‐line therapy for biliary drainage in patients with surgically altered anatomy where BE‐ERCP expertise is present. However, the technical success rate is not always high. Thus, several studies have revealed that endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided biliary drainage (EUS‐BD) can be one of the second‐line therapies in failed BE‐ERCP as an alternative to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage where EUS‐BD expertise is present.
Lignin composition is more important than content for maize stem cell wall degradation
Authors: He Yuan , Mouthier Thibaut MB , Kabel Mirjam A , Dijkstra Jan , Hendriks Wouter H , Struik Paul C , Cone John W 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe relationship between the chemical and molecular properties – in particular the (acid detergent) lignin (ADL) content and composition expressed as the ratio between syringyl and guaiacyl compounds (S:G ratio) – of maize stems and in vitro gas production was studied in order to determine which is more important in the degradability of maize stem cell walls in the rumen of ruminants. Different internodes from two contrasting maize cultivars (Ambrosini and Aastar) were harvested during the growing season.RESULTSThe ADL content decreased with greater internode number within the stem, whereas the ADL content fluctuated during the season for both cultivars. The S:G ratio was lower in younger tissue (greater internode number or earlier harvest date) in both cultivars. For the gas produced between 3 and 20 h, representing the fermentation of cell walls in rumen fluid, a stronger correlation (R2 = 0.80) was found with the S:G ratio than with the ADL content (R2 = 0.68). The relationship between ADL content or S:G ratio and 72‐h gas production, representing total organic matter degradation, was weaker than that with gas produced between 3 and 20 h.CONCLUSIONThe S:G ratio plays a more dominant role than ADL content in maize stem cell wall degradation. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Advances in organic–inorganic hybrid sorbents for the extraction of organic and inorganic pollutants in different types of food and environmental samples
Authors: Ng Nyuk‐Ting , Kamaruddin Amirah Farhan , Wan Ibrahim Wan Aini , Sanagi Mohd Marsin , Abdul Keyon Aemi S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe efficiency of the extraction and removal of pollutants from food and the environment has been an important issue in analytical science. By incorporating inorganic species into an organic matrix, a new material known as an organic–inorganic hybrid material is formed. As it possesses high selectivity, permeability, and mechanical and chemical stabilities, organic–inorganic hybrid materials constitute an emerging research field and have become popular to serve as sorbents in various separaton science methods. Here, we review recent significant advances in analytical solid‐phase extraction employing organic–inorganic composite/nanocomposite sorbents for the extraction of organic and inorganic pollutants from various types of food and environmental matrices. The physicochemical characteristics, extraction properties, and analytical performances of sorbents are discussed; including morphology and surface characteristics, types of functional groups, interaction mechanism, selectivity and sensitivity, accuracy, and regeneration abilities. Organic–inorganic hybrid sorbents combined with extraction techniques are highly promising for sample preparation of various food and environmental matrixes with analytes at trace levels.
Adjuvant chemoradiation does not improve survival in elderly patients with high‐risk resected head and neck cancer
Authors: Giacalone Nicholas J. , Qureshi Muhammad M. , Mak Kimberley S. , Kirke Diana , Patel Sagar A. , Shah Bhartesh A. , Salama Andrew R. , Jalisi Scharukh , Truong Minh Tam 
Published: August 2017

Objectives/HypothesisRandomized trials have demonstrated that adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) confers an overall survival (OS) benefit over adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) alone in patients with resected head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with adverse pathologic features (positive surgical margins [SM+] and/or extracapsular extension [ECE]). Whether this OS benefit exists in an elderly population remains unknown.Study DesignRetrospective database study.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database, we identified 1,686 elderly patients (age ≥70 years) with resected HNSCC with SM+ and/or ECE, who received adjuvant CRT (491 patients, 29%) or adjuvant RT alone (1,195 patients, 71%) between 1998 and 2011. Three‐year survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method both before and after propensity score matching (PSM). Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using Cox regression modeling.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 23.5 and 42.8 months for all and surviving patients, respectively. Three‐year OS was 50.7% and 44.4% among patients receiving adjuvant CRT and RT alone, respectively (P = .002). On multivariate analysis, there was no significant improvement in OS with adjuvant CRT relative to adjuvant RT alone (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.73‐1.06). Similarly, a PSM cohort showed no significant difference in the 3‐year OS for patients receiving adjuvant CRT versus adjuvant RT alone (48.8% and 50.9%, respectively; P = .839).ConclusionsAlthough the addition of chemotherapy to adjuvant RT has been proven effective in randomized trials of patients with resected HNSCC with SM+ or ECE, it may be less efficacious in an elderly patient population treated outside of a controlled trial setting.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 128:831–840, 2018
Characterization of Adsorbed Polymer Layers: Preparation, Determination of the Adsorbed Amount and Investigation of the Kinetics of Irreversible Adsorption
Authors: Nieto Simavilla David , Panagopoulou Anna , Napolitano Simone 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIrreversibly adsorbed polymer layers represent an intriguing new class of materials with unexpected properties, strongly deviating from what observed in unbounded polymer melts. These extremely thin layers (thickness < few tens of nanometers) are obtained via a short list of successive steps, easily reproducible in a laboratory environment: a polymer melt is placed in contact with an adsorbing substrate and non‐adsorbed chains are washed away by soaking the sample in a good solvent. Importantly, tuning the thickness of the adsorbed layer, an operational parameter equivalent to the number of chains adsorbed on a unit surface, allows modifying the performance of polymer coatings without affecting the interfacial chemistry. Here, after providing an introduction to the kinetics of irreversible adsorption, we discuss on the most commonly used methods to determine the thickness of adsorbed layers. We conclude with a brief perspective on future possible applications of adsorbed layers.
Cucurbituril‐mediated immobilization of fluorescent proteins on supramolecular biomaterials
Authors: Goor Olga J. G. M. , Bosmans Ralph P. G. , Brunsveld Luc , Dankers Patricia Y. W. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe reversible introduction of functionality at material surfaces is of interest for the development of functional biomaterials. In particular, the use of supramolecular immobilization strategies facilitates mild reaction and processing conditions, as compared to other covalent analogues. Here, the engineering of multicomponent supramolecular materials, beyond the use of a single supramolecular entity is proposed. Cucurbit[8]uril (Q8) mediated host–guest chemistry is combined with hydrogen bonding supramolecular 2‐ureido‐4‐pyrimidinone (UPy)‐based materials. The modular incorporation of a UPy‐additive that presents one guest to incorporate into the Q8 host allows for selective supramolecular functionalization at the water–polymer material interface. Supramolecular ternary complex formation at the material surface was studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which as a result of large overlap in atomic composition of the different components showed minor changes is surface composition upon complex formation. Surface MALDI‐ToF MS measurements revealed useful insights in the formation of complexes. Protein immobilization was monitored using both fluorescence spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, which successfully demonstrated ternary complex formation. Although proteins could selectively be immobilized onto the surfaces, control of the system's stability remains a challenge as a result of the dynamicity of the host–guest assembly. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3607–3616
Conformational heterogeneity in the Hsp70 chaperone‐substrate ensemble identified from analysis of NMR‐detected titration data
Authors: Sekhar Ashok , Nagesh Jayashree , Rosenzweig Rina , Kay Lewis E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Hsp70 chaperone system plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis by binding to client protein molecules. We have recently shown by methyl‐TROSY NMR methods that the Escherichia coli Hsp70, DnaK, can form multiple bound complexes with a small client protein, hTRF1. In an effort to characterize the interactions further we report here the results of an NMR‐based titration study of hTRF1 and DnaK, where both molecular components are monitored simultaneously, leading to a binding model. A central finding is the formation of a previously undetected 3:1 hTRF1‐DnaK complex, suggesting that under heat shock conditions, DnaK might be able to protect cytosolic proteins whose net concentrations would exceed that of the chaperone. Moreover, these results provide new insight into the heterogeneous ensemble of complexes formed by DnaK chaperones and further emphasize the unique role of NMR spectroscopy in obtaining information about individual events in a complex binding scheme by exploiting a large number of probes that report uniquely on distinct binding processes.
Analysis of IgG kinetic stability by differential scanning calorimetry, probe fluorescence and light scattering
Authors: Nemergut Michal , Žoldák Gabriel , Schaefer Jonas V. , Kast Florian , Miškovský Pavol , Plückthun Andreas , Sedlák Erik 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) type have become mainstream therapeutics for the treatment of many life‐threatening diseases. For their successful application in the clinic and a favorable cost‐benefit ratio, the design and formulation of these therapeutic molecules must guarantee long‐term stability for an extended period of time. Accelerated stability studies, e.g., by employing thermal denaturation, have the great potential for enabling high‐throughput screening campaigns to find optimal molecular variants and formulations in a short time. Surprisingly, no validated quantitative analysis of these accelerated studies has been performed yet, which clearly limits their application for predicting IgG stability. Therefore, we have established a quantitative approach for the assessment of the kinetic stability over a broad range of temperatures. To this end, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments were performed with a model IgG, testing chaotropic formulations and an extended temperature range, and they were subsequently analyzed by our recently developed three‐step sequential model of IgG denaturation, consisting of one reversible and two irreversible steps. A critical comparison of the predictions from this model with data obtained by an orthogonal fluorescence probe method, based on 8‐anilinonaphthalene‐1‐sulfonate binding to partially unfolded states, resulted in very good agreement. In summary, our study highlights the validity of this easy‐to‐perform analysis for reliably assessing the kinetic stability of IgGs, which can support accelerated formulation development of monoclonal antibodies by ranking different formulations as well as by improving colloidal stability models.
Interaction of solitons on 2‐dimensional branched π‐electron surface of graphene ribbons
Authors: Sendiuk Volodymyr A. , Pavlenko Elena L. , Dmytrenko Oksana P. , Kulish Mykola P. , Viniychuk Oleksandr O. , Prostota Yaroslav O. , Kachkovsky Olexiy D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe have performed quantum‐mechanical study of charge distribution on the carbon atoms of two‐dimensional conjugated system of the model graphene ribbon. The study shows that charges in the quasi‐two dimensional conjugated system of the graphene ribbon are not localized on separate carbon atoms, but form one‐dimensional solitonic charge waves along zig‐zag sides. There are two solitonic charge waves in the dication or dication due to generation of own soliton by each charge; the first soliton in the acene chain is located on one side while the second one is positioned on the opposite side. The shapes of the solitonic waves in the graphene ribbon are similar to ones in one‐dimensional conjugated systems. Similarly, in the ionic two‐dimensional collective systems of π‐electrons two splitted solitonic levels are generated; lengthening of the chain leads to convergence of the levels. The widening of graphene ribbon (y‐expansion of two‐dimensional conjugated system is accompanied with recession of both solitons to outer sides, so amplitudes of the solitons on the inner sides regularly decrease under widening of the model graphene ribbon; the charges on the inner carbon atoms converge to zero.
The cranial morphology, phylogenetic position and biogeography of the upper Permian dicynodontCompsodon helmoedivan Hoepen (Therapsida, Anomodontia)
Authors: Angielczyk Kenneth D. , Kammerer Christian F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCompsodon helmoediis an obscure dicynodont originally described based on a single specimen from the upper Permian of the Karoo Basin. The discovery of three new specimens ofCompsodonfrom the Luangwa Basin of Zambia and two additional specimens from South African museum collections facilitates a reassessment of its cranial morphology and phylogenetic position.Compsodonis diagnosed by an autapomorphic secondary palate morphology: medial depression at anterior end of premaxillary secondary palate; medial anterior palatal ridges absent; lateral anterior palatal ridges prominent and extend to posterior end of secondary palate; Y‐shaped anterior end of posterior median palatal ridge; embayment of palatal rim anterior to caniniform process divided into two depressions by a posteromedially‐trending ridge. Other important characters include the presence of maxillary ‘postcanines’ and a postcaniniform keel; long interpterygoid vacuity; palatine pad smooth and pierced by a foramen; pineal foramen flanked by swollen eminences of parietals; parietals fused and narrowly exposed between broad postorbitals on dorsal surface of skull; and pocket‐like depression on lateral surface of maxilla. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates thatCompsodonis a member of Emydopoidea, but underscores major outstanding problems in our understanding of Permian dicynodont phylogeny that require further attention. The cranial morphology ofCompsodonconverges on that of cryptodonts likeTropidostoma, and as such represents a unique emydopoid morphotype. The stratigraphic range ofCompsodonprobably spans the upperCistecephalusand lowerDaptocephalusassemblage zones, and its presence in South Africa and Zambia reinforces a pattern of small Permian dicynodonts with wide geographical ranges in southern Gondwana.
The Wnt5a Receptor, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Like Orphan Receptor 2, Is a Predictive Cell Surface Marker of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells with an Enhanced Capacity for Chondrogenic Differentiation
Authors: Dickinson Sally C. , Sutton Catherine A. , Brady Kyla , Salerno Anna , Katopodi Theoni , Williams Rhys L. , West Christopher C. , Evseenko Denis , Wu Ling , Pang Suzanna , Ferro de Godoy Roberta , Goodship Allen E. , Péault Bruno , Blom Ashley W. , Kafienah Wael , Hollander Anthony P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMultipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have enormous potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, until now, their development for clinical use has been severely limited as they are a mixed population of cells with varying capacities for lineage differentiation and tissue formation. Here, we identify receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) as a cell surface marker expressed by those MSCs with an enhanced capacity for cartilage formation. We generated clonal human MSC populations with varying capacities for chondrogenesis. ROR2 was identified through screening for upregulated genes in the most chondrogenic clones. When isolated from uncloned populations, ROR2+ve MSCs were significantly more chondrogenic than either ROR2–ve or unfractionated MSCs. In a sheep cartilage-repair model, they produced significantly more defect filling with no loss of cartilage quality compared with controls. ROR2+ve MSCs/perivascular cells were present in developing human cartilage, adult bone marrow, and adipose tissue. Their frequency in bone marrow was significantly lower in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) than in controls. However, after isolation of these cells and their initial expansion in vitro, there was greater ROR2 expression in the population derived from OA patients compared with controls. Furthermore, osteoarthritis-derived MSCs were better able to form cartilage than MSCs from control patients in a tissue engineering assay. We conclude that MSCs expressing high levels of ROR2 provide a defined population capable of predictably enhanced cartilage production.
Impact of Abdominal Wall Hernias and Repair on Patient Quality of Life
Authors: Cherla Deepa V. , Moses Maya L. , Viso Cristina P. , Holihan Julie L. , Flores‐Gonzalez Juan R. , Kao Lillian S. , Ko Tien C. , Liang Mike K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe modified Activities Assessment Scale (AAS) is a 13‐question abdominal wall quality of life (AW‐QOL) survey validated in patients undergoing ventral hernia repair (VHR). No studies have assessed AW‐QOL among individuals without abdominal wall pathology. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the modified AAS and its implications for the threshold at which VHR should be offered also remain unknown. Our objectives were to (1) establish the AW‐QOL of patients with a clinical abdominal wall hernia versus those with no hernia, (2) determine the MCID of the modified AAS, and (3) identify the baseline quality of life (QOL) score at which patients derive little clinical benefit from VHR.MethodsPatient‐centered outcomes data for all patients presenting to General Surgery and Hernia Clinics October–December 2016 at a single safety‐net institution were collected via a prospective, cross‐sectional observational study design. Primary outcome was QOL measured using the modified AAS. Secondary outcome was the MCID.ResultsPatients with no hernia had modified AAS scores of 81.6 (50.4–94.4), while patients with a clinically apparent hernia had lower modified AAS scores of 31.4 (12.6–58.7) (p < 0.001). The MCID threshold was 7.6 for a “slight” change and 14.9 for “definite” change. Above a modified AAS score of 81, the risk of worsening a patient’s QOL by surgery is higher than the chances of improvement.ConclusionsVHR can improve 1‐year postsurgical AW‐QOL to levels similar to that of the general population. The MCID of the modified AAS is 7.6 points. Patients with high baseline scores should be counseled about the lack of potential benefit in QOL from elective VHR.