bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicaid Coverage of Smoking Cessation Counseling and Medication Is Underutilized for Pregnant Women
Authors: Scheuermann Taneisha S. , Richter Kimber P. , Jacobson Lisette T. , Shireman Theresa I. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Introduction:
Policies to promote smoking cessation among Medicaid-insured pregnant women have the potential to assist a significant proportion of pregnant smokers. In 2010, Kansas Medicaid began covering smoking cessation counseling for pregnant smokers. Our aim was to evaluate the use of smoking cessation benefits provided to pregnant women as a result of the Kansas Medicaid policy change that provided reimbursement for physician-provided smoking cessation counseling.

Methods:
We examined Kansas Medicaid claims data to estimate rates of delivery of smoking cessation treatment to Medicaid-insured pregnant women in Kansas from fiscal year 2010 through 2013. We analyzed the number of pregnant women who received physician-provided smoking cessation counseling indicated by procedure billing codes (ie, G0436 and G0437) and medication (ie, nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, or varenicline) located in outpatient managed care encounter and fee-for-service claims data. We estimated the number of Medicaid-insured pregnant smokers using the national smoking prevalence (14%) in this population and the number of live births reported in Kansas.

Results:
Annually from 2010 to 2013, approximately 27.2%–31.6% of pregnant smokers had claims for nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, or varenicline. Excluding claims for bupropion, a medication commonly prescribed to treat depression, claims ranged from 9.3% to 11.1%. Following implementation of Medicaid coverage for smoking cessation counseling, less than 1% of estimated smokers had claims for counseling.

Conclusions:
This low claims rate suggests that simply changing policy is not sufficient to ensure use of newly implemented benefits, and that there probably remain critical gaps in smoking cessation treatment.

Implications:
This study evaluates the use of Medicaid reimbursement for smoking cessation counseling among low-income pregnant women in Kansas. We describe the Medicaid claims rates of physician-provided smoking cessation counseling for pregnant women, an evidence-based and universally recommended treatment approach for smoking cessation in this population. Our findings show that claims rates for smoking cessation benefits in this population are very low, even after policy changes to support provision of cessation assistance were implemented. Additional studies are needed to determine whether reimbursement is functioning as intended and identify potential gaps between policy and implementation of evidence-based smoking cessation treatment.
RETRACTED: How does financialization affect functional income distribution? A theoretical clarification and empirical assessment
Authors: Köhler Karsten , Guschanski Alexander , Stockhammer Engelbert 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
It is frequently asserted that financialization has contributed to the decline in the wage share. This article provides a theoretical clarification and a systematic empirical investigation. We identify four arguments for why financialization would affect the wage share: (a) a Political Economy approach focusing on the exit options of firms; (b) a mark-up pricing approach stressing the role of financial overhead costs for firms; (c) increased competition on capital markets and shareholder value orientation; and (d) the role of household debt in increasing workers’ financial vulnerability and undermining their class consciousness. The article compiles a comprehensive set of empirical measures of financialization and uses it to test these hypotheses with a panel regression of 14 OECD countries over the 1989–2011 period. We find strong evidence for negative effects of household debt and evidence for negative effects of financial deregulation on the wage share.
Integrating Molecular QTL Data into Genome-wide Genetic Association Analysis: Probabilistic Assessment of Enrichment and Colocalization
Authors: Wen Xiaoquan , Pique-Regi Roger , Luca Francesca 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe propose a novel statistical framework for integrating genetic data from molecular quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping into genome-wide genetic association analysis of complex traits, with the primary objectives of quantitatively assessing the enrichment of the molecular QTLs in complex trait-associated genetic variants and the colocalizations of the two types of association signals. We introduce a natural Bayesian hierarchical model that treats the latent association status of molecular QTLs as SNP-level annotations for candidate SNPs for complex traits. We detail a computational procedure to seamlessly perform enrichment, fine-mapping and colocalization analyses, which is a distinct feature compared to the existing colocalization analysis procedures in the literature. The proposed approach is computationally efficient and requires only summary-level statistics. We evaluate and demonstrate the proposed computational approach through extensive simulation studies and the analysis of blood lipid data and the whole blood eQTL data from the GTEx project. In addition, a useful utility from our proposed method enables the computation of expected colocalization signals, which is analogous to the power calculation in genetic association studies. Using this utility, we further illustrate the importance of enrichment analysis on the ability of discovering colocalized signals and the potential limitations of currently available molecular QTL data.
Co-expression networks reveal the tissue-specific regulation of transcription and splicing
Authors: Saha Ashis , Kim Yungil , Gewirtz Ariel D. H. , Jo Brian , Gao Chuan , McDowell Ian C. ,   GTEx Consortium, Engelhardt Barbara E. , Battle Alexis 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGene co-expression networks capture biologically important patterns in gene expression data, enabling functional analyses of genes, discovery of biomarkers, and interpretation of regulatory genetic variants. Most network analyses to date have been limited to assessing correlation between total gene expression levels in a single or small sets of tissues. Here, we have reconstructed networks that capture a much more complete set of regulatory relationships, specifically including regulation of relative isoform abundance and splicing, and tissue-specific connections unique to each of a diverse set of tissues. Using the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project v6 RNA-sequencing data across 44 tissues in 449 individuals, we evaluated shared and tissue-specific network relationships. First, we developed a framework called Transcriptome Wide Networks (TWNs) for combining total expression and relative isoform levels into a single sparse network, capturing the complex interplay between the regulation of splicing and transcription. We built TWNs for sixteen tissues, and found that hubs with isoform node neighbors in these networks were strongly enriched for splicing and RNA binding genes, demonstrating their utility in unraveling regulation of splicing in the human transcriptome, and providing a set of candidate shared and tissue-specific regulatory hub genes. Next, we used a Bayesian biclustering model that identifies network edges between genes with co-expression in a single tissue to reconstruct tissue-specific networks (TSNs) for 27 distinct GTEx tissues and for four subsets of related tissues. Using both TWNs and TSNs, we characterized gene co-expression patterns shared across tissues. Finally, we found genetic variants associated with multiple neighboring nodes in our networks, supporting the estimated network structures and identifying 33 genetic variants with distant regulatory impact on transcription and splicing. Our networks provide an improved understanding of the complex relationships between genes in the human transcriptome, including tissue-specificity of gene co-expression, regulation of splicing, and the coordinated impact of genetic variation on transcription.
Optimal use of EEG recordings to target active brain areas with transcranial electrical stimulation
Authors: Dmochowski Jacek P. , Koessler Laurent , Norcia Anthony M. , Bikson Marom , Parra Lucas C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTo demonstrate causal relationships between brain and behavior, investigators would like to guide brain stimulation using measurements of neural activity. Particularly promising in this context are electroen-cephalography (EEG) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), as they are linked by a reciprocity principle which, despite being known for decades, has not led to a formalism for relating EEG recordings to optimal stimulation parameters. Here we derive a closed-form expression for the TES configuration that optimally stimulates (i.e., targets) the sources of recorded EEG, without making assumptions about source location or distribution. We also derive a duality between TES targeting and EEG source localization, and demonstrate that in cases where source localization fails, so does the proposed targeting. Numerical simulations with realistic head models confirm these theoretical predictions and quantify the achieved stimulation in terms of focality and intensity. We show that constraining the stimulation currents automatically selects optimal montages that involve only a few (4-7) electrodes, with only incremental loss in performance. The proposed technique allows brain scientists and clinicians to rationally target the sources of observed EEG and thus overcomes a major obstacle to the realization of individualized or closed-loop brain stimulation.
Unbiased K-mer Analysis Reveals Changes in Copy Number of Highly Repetitive Sequences During Maize Domestication and Improvement
Authors: Liu Sanzhen , Zheng Jun , Migeon Pierre , Ren Jie , Hu Ying , He Cheng , Liu Hongjun , Fu Junjie , White Frank F. , Toomajian Christopher , Wang Guoying 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe major component of complex genomes is repetitive elements, which remain recalcitrant to characterization. Using maize as a model system, we analyzed whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequences for the two maize inbred lines B73 and Mo17 using k-mer analysis to quantify the differences between the two genomes. Significant differences were identified in highly repetitive sequences, including centromere repeats, 45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), knob, and telomere repeats. Previously unknown genotype specific 45S rDNA sequences were discovered. The B73-specific 45S rDNA is not only located on the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) on chromosome 6 but also dispersed on all the chromosomes in B73, indicating the relatively recent spread of 45S rDNA from the NOR. The B73 and Mo17 polymorphic k-mers were used to examine allele-specific expression of 45S rDNA. Although Mo17 contains higher copy number than B73, equivalent levels of overall 45S rDNA expression indicates that dosage compensation operates for the 45S rDNA in the hybrids. Using WGS sequences of B73xMo17 double haploids (DHs), genomic locations showing differential repetitive contents were genetically mapped. Analysis of WGS sequences of HapMap2 lines, including maize wild progenitor teosintes, landraces, and improved lines, decreases and increases in abundance of additional sets of k-mers associated with centromere repeats, 45S rDNA, knob, and retrotransposon sequences were found between teosinte and maize lines, revealing global evolutionary trends of genomic repeats during maize domestication and improvement.
Brain activity and connectivity attributable to nociceptive signal block
Authors: Meier Michael L , Widmayer Sonja , de Matos Nuno M.P. , Abazi Jetmir , Ettlin Dominik A 
Published: October 2016

AbstractConverging lines of evidence indicate that the pain experience emerges from distributed cortical nodes that share nociceptive information. While the theory of a single pain center is still not falsifiable by current neuroimaging technology, the validation of distinct brain mechanisms for acute pain and its relief is ongoing and strongly dependent on the employed experimental design. In the current study including a total of 28 subjects, a recently presented, innovative experimental approach was adopted that is able to clearly differentiate painful from non-pain perceptions without changing stimulus strength and while recording brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Namely, we applied a repetitive and purely nociceptive stimulus to the tooth pulp with subsequent suppression of the nociceptive barrage via a regional nerve block. The study aims were 1) to replicate previous findings of acute pain demonstrating a fundamental role of the operculo-insular region and 2) to explore its functional connectivity during pain and subsequent relief. The brain activity reduction in the posterior insula (pINS) due to pain extinction was confirmed. In addition, the posterior S2 region (OP1) showed a similar activity pattern, thus confirming the relevance of the operculo-insular cortex in acute pain processing. Furthermore, the functional connectivity analysis yielded an enhanced positive coupling of the pINS with the cerebellar culmen during pain relief, whereas the OP1 demonstrated a positive coupling with the posterior midcingulate cortex during pain. The current results support the conceptual synthesis of localized specialization of pain processing with interactions across distributed neural targets.
Encoding of locomotion kinematics in the mouse cerebellum
Authors: Muzzu Tomaso , Mitolo Susanna , Pietro Gava Giuseppe , Schultz Simon R 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe cerebellum has a well-established role in locomotion control, but how the cerebellar network regulates locomotion behaviour is still not well understood. We therefore characterized the activity of cerebellar neurons in awake mice engaged in a locomotion task, using high-density silicon electrode arrays. We characterized the activity of over 300 neurons in response to locomotion, finding tuning to speed of locomotion, turning, and phase of the step cycle. We found that the cerebellar neurons we recorded mainly encoded information about future locomotor activity. We were able to decode the speed of locomotion with a simple linear algorithm, needing relatively few well-chosen cells to provide an accurate estimate of locomotion speed. Our observation that cerebellar neuronal activity predicts locomotion in the near future, and encodes the required kinematic variables, points to this activity underlying the efference copy signal for vertebrate locomotion.
Enterprise social media at work: web-based solutions for employee engagement
Authors: Sharma Anshu , Bhatnagar Jyotsna 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The paper aims to highlight the role of enterprise social media as an internal workplace tool for employee engagement purposes.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper provides a viewpoint on how social media can be used internally by organizations after considering both academic and practitioner literature in the respective field.

Findings
The paper posits that organizations should move beyond using social networking tools for recruitment and branding purposes and take a step further to use social media tools internally for employee engagement initiatives. It provides practical implications for managers to embrace social media as an engagement tool and to increase employees’ participation on such media.

Research limitations/implications
The paper provides implications for both researchers and practitioners for using social media as a strategic employee engagement initiative and devising appropriate social media and human resource strategies to do so.

Originality/value
The paper offers insights into how enterprise social media can be used as an internal communication tool for engaging employees in this technologically connected era.
Sexual harassment at the workplace: how organizations can pro-actively reduce its incidence
Authors: Malhotra Smitu , Srivastava Arpita 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to describe the role of human resources in organizations in preventing sexual harassment (SH) at the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper explains how SH is detrimental to the organization and why creating awareness about SH is essential for both men and women in the organization.

Findings
Findings show how organizations can pro-actively prevent the incidence of SH by creating a zero tolerance for SH in organizations with top management commitment and the formulation and enforcement of a policy against SH.

Originality/value
The paper creates a case for proactive preventive measures such as sensitization, policy formulation and enforcement to combat SH in organizations rather than pursuing a reactive approach.
Effect of feed supplementation with kynurenic acid on the morphology of the liver, kidney and gills in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), healthy and experimentally infected with Yersinia ruckeri
Authors: Kaczorek E , Szarek J , Mikiewicz M , Terech‐Majewska E , Schulz P , Małaczewska J , Wójcik R , Siwicki A K 
Published: October 2016

AbstractKynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous substance produced on the kynurenine pathway which is primarily known for its neuroactive properties. Recently, it has been proven that KYNA is a selective ligand for G protein‐coupled receptor (GPR 35), presented on immunocompetent cells such as T lymphocytes. This opens up new possibilities of its application as an immunostimulating substance in aquaculture. Thus far, no histopathological investigations in fish have been completed to evaluate influence of KYNA supplementation in feed. This study has been undertaken to determine the effect of feed supplementation with KYNA (2.5, 25, 250 mg kg−1 of feed) for 28 days on the liver, gills and kidney in healthy fish and experimentally infected with Yersinia ruckeri. In a control group were observed a fatty liver, which is natural for this fish species in the autumn and winter season. As the dose of the supplement was increased, the fat liver changed, it decreased or completely disappeared. Additionally, inflammatory changes occurred in all the analysed organs, and their intensification was dose dependent. In the fish experimentally infected, KYNA caused aggravation of the signs in the liver, kidneys and gills, and the effect was dose dependent. The results implicate that KYNA may be a stressor for fish.
Radio Resource Management for Improving Energy Self-sufficiency of Green Mobile Networks
Authors: Dalmasso Mattia , Meo Michela , Renga Daniela 
Published: October 2016

Three factors make power supply one of the most urgent and challenging issues for the future of mobile networks. First, the expected fast growth of mobile traffic raises doubts about the sustainability of mobile communications, that already account for 0.5% of the woldwide energy consumption. Second, power supply has become far the largest component of the operational costs of running a network. Third, the deployment of network infrastructures in emerging countries is strategic, but, in these countries, the power grid is not always reliable. Renewable energy sources can help to cope with these issues. However, one of their main drawbacks is the intermittent and difficult to predict energy generation profile. The feasibility of renewable power supply for base station (BS) powering depends then by the possibility to reduce the BS consumption and to adapt it to the amount of available energy.
In this paper, we consider a cluster of BSs powered with photovoltaic (PV) panels and equipped with energy storage units. Resource on Demand (RoD) strategies are implemented to reduce the cluster energy consumption and to adapt it to energy availability. The results show that resource of demand can effectively be applied to make off-grid BS deployment feasible.
Multilevel Small-Area Estimation of Multiple Cigarette Smoking Status Categories Using the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Berkowitz Zahava , Zhang Xingyou , Richards Thomas B. , Peipins Lucy , Henley S. Jane , Holt James 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background: Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death; however, small-area estimates for detailed smoking status are limited. We developed multilevel small-area estimate mixed models to generate county-level estimates for six smoking status categories: current, some days, every day, former, ever, and never.
Method: Using 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data (our sample size = 405,233 persons), we constructed and fitted a series of multilevel logistic regression models and applied them to the U.S. Census population to generate county-level prevalence estimates. We mapped the estimates by sex and aggregated them into state and national estimates. We conducted comparisons for internal consistency with BRFSS states' estimates using Pearson correlation coefficients, and external validation with the 2012 National Health Interview Survey current smoking prevalence.
Results: Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.908 to 0.982, indicating high internal consistency. External validation indicated complete agreement (prevalence = 18.06%). We found large variations in current and former smoking status between and within states and by sex. County prevalence of former smokers was highest among men in the Northeast, North, and West. Utah consistently had the lowest smoking prevalence.
Conclusions: Our models, which include demographic and geographic characteristics, provide reliable estimates that can be applied to multiple category outcomes and any demographic group. County and state estimates may help understand the variation in smoking prevalence in the United States and provide information for control and prevention.
Impact: Detailed county and state smoking category estimates can help identify areas in need of tobacco control and prevention and potentially allow planning for health care. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(10); 1402–10. ©2016 AACR.
New genus and species of ant-like true bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) from the Canary Islands
Authors: ROCA-CUSACHS MARCOS , GOULA MARTA 
Published: October 2016

Perenotus gen. nov. is described based on males and females from the Canary Islands, Spain. This new genus is easily recognized by having a myrmecomorphic appearance and a scutellar hump in both sexes. Systellonotus stysi J. Ribes, Pagola-Carte et Heiss, 2008, was described based on females collected in Tenerife and La Palma, but careful examination showed that specimens from each island belong to different species, and can be transferred to the new genus Perenotus. As a result, Perenotus includes two species, P. stysi comb. n. for specimens from Tenerife and P. malobae sp. nov. for specimens from La Palma. In the present publication Perenotus gen. nov. and P. malobae sp. nov. are described, P. stysi female is redescribed, and P. stysi male is described for the first time. Illustrations of male and female general habitus and genitalia are provided.