bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term compliance in first-episode psychosis
Authors: Iriarte Yoller N. , Vicente García J. , Rico Villademoros F. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionNon-compliance is a significant problem in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), representing a challenge for mental health professionals due to the heterogeneous course and functional outcomes.ObjectivesThe aim was to describe the short-term compliance in FEP and analyze the demographics, clinical features, and management issues potentially associated with non-compliance.MethodsThis observational and retrospective study included all consecutive FEP admitted to our psychiatry unit from January to June 2015, belonging to our catchment area. To be categorized as compliant, patients had to attend month-1 and month-3 follow-up visits. Characteristics of compliant and non-compliant were compared using a bivariate analysis.ResultsWe included 18 patients whose characteristics are shown in the table. Overall, 8 (44.4%) were non-compliant. Patients who were non-compliant had a significantly shorter length of stay (10.3 [6.3] vs. 18.5 [8.9] days). Most patients (66.7%) had cannabis abuse, being slightly more frequent among non-compliant (75% vs. 60%, P = NS); in addition, the diagnosis of substance-induced psychotic disorder was also more common among non-compliant (50% vs 20%, P = NS). There were 2 patients who were readmitted, both in the non-compliant group (Table 1).ConclusionsShort-term non-compliance is high among patients with FEP. Despite the limitations of our study, our results suggest that, beside other factors (e.g. substance abuse), non-compliance could be associated with management-related factors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Identification of subtypes of Chinese schizophrenia patients before discharge: A cluster analysis
Authors: Liu S. , Li Z. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPeople with schizophrenia is a highly heterogeneous group. Identifying subtypes of people with schizophrenia before discharge may help develop targeted discharge plans.ObjectivesTo explore possible subtypes among people with schizophrenia before discharge by their self-management ability, self-efficacy and cognitive function status.AimsTo identify possible subtypes among people with schizophrenia before discharge.MethodsTotally, 150 Chinese people with schizophrenia before discharged from a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Beijing were assessed by Self-management Instrument for People with Schizophrenia and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Cluster analysis using SPSS 20.0 package was performed to categorize subjects based on their scores.ResultsFour different types of subjects were revealed. Type I low cognition with no participation (n = 25), patients’ self-management ability, self-efficacy and cognitive function were very poor; type II medium cognition with blind confidence (n = 42), patients’ self-efficacy was good, while self-management ability was poor and cognitive function is medium; type III high cognition with high level skill (n = 46), patients’ cognitive function, self-management ability and self-efficacy were good; type IV low cognition with medium level skill (n = 37), patients’ cognition was very poor, while self-management ability and self-efficacy were medium. These four types of subjects had significant differences in long-term use of antipsychotics and primary caregivers’ education level (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe finding of different subtypes of people with schizophrenia presenting in this sample may help health professionals give effective screening and targeted discharge measures which can further promote patients’ recovery and reduce readmission rates.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Antipsychotic Medication Adherence Scale (AMAS): Development and preliminary psychometric properties
Authors: Martins M.J. , Pereira A.T. , Carvalho C.B. , Castilho P. , Lopes A.C. , Oliveira A. , Roque C. , Mota D. , Tróia F. , Bajouco M. , Madeira N. , Matos O. , Santos P. , Leite R. , Morais S. , Santos T. , Santos T. , Nogueira V. , Santos V. , Macedo A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAlthough being highly consensual that antipsychotic adherence is an important outcome predictor in psychosis, existing reviews have found mean rates of adherence around 40–60%. Several aspects, such as patient-related, medication-related, environmental-related variables have been described as important predictors.AimsThis study aim is to develop, administer and present preliminary psychometric properties of a new scale for antipsychotic medication adherence that includes different types of predictors (clinical, psychosocial, and practical among others).MethodsThe “AMAS” was developed by a multidisciplinary team and was based on recent research on factors influencing antipsychotic adherence. The scale evolved from multiple drafts and experts were contacted in order to improve the final version. Over 50 patients with a diagnosis of a psychotic-spectrum disorder taking antipsychotic medication will be assessed with the “AMAS” and the Medication Adherence Rating Scale. Additionally, each patient's psychiatrist will fill in a form with demographic and clinical variables (such as type of symptoms, previous adherence problems, current adherence, insight and other relevant variables).ResultsThis is an ongoing study and the sample is still being collected (scheduled finish date: February/2016). Our statistical analysis’ plan includes: reliability analysis (Chronbach's alpha, alpha if item deleted, inter item correlations and covariances and item-total correlations); validity (convergent validity); factorial analysis.ConclusionsIt is hypothesized that the “AMAS” will be a practical, reliable and valid unidimentional instrument with clinical utility assessing adherence to antipsychotics. The “AMAS” can be also useful in assessing intervention targets (e.g. psychoterapeutical, psychoeducational) to enhance adherence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Social cognition across stages and forms of schizophrenia
Authors: Papsuev O. , Minyaycheva M. , Movina L. , Gurovich I. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSocial cognition is considered as a main predictor of functional outcomes and a candidate for endophenotype of schizophrenia. We hypothesize that social cognition capacities follow the course of schizophrenia as a progredient disorder.ObjectiveTo investigate social cognition across different groups of patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.AimsTo evaluate social cognitive impairments in patients with first episode psychoses (FEP), chronic schizophrenia (CS) and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD).MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 71 patients with FEP, CS and SSD were assessed with a battery of clinical and social cognitive tests. Three key social cognitive domains were assessed: emotion perception, Theory of Mind and attributional style.ResultsPatients with schizoaffective disorder and schizotypal disorder showed better scores in Hinting task (mean ranks: 47.0 and 39.9 respectively) than patients with less favourable forms of schizophrenia (mean ranks: 24.7 and 30.2 respectively) (P = 0.003). Patients with FEP showed better results in Hinting task (18.1 ± 2.4) versus CS patients (17.4 ± 2.0) (P < 0.05). No differences in emotion perception (Ekman-60 task) among FEP and CS patients were detected. Patients with schizoaffective disorder showed better scores in emotional processing comparing to all forms of schizophrenia patients (mean ranks 49.1 vs. 30.1, 34.5, 28.0, P < 0.05). No significant differences in attributional style were registered.ConclusionsEmotion perception and Theory of Mind domains show different level of impairment across FEP and CS patients and across forms of schizophrenia. Further longitudinal studies to establish how social cognition domains mirror the course and severity of schizophrenia and SSD are needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Tolerability and safety of long-acting injectable aripiprazole
Authors: Porras Segovia A. , Calvo Rivera P. , Girela Serrano B. , Gutierrez Rojas L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionLong-acting injectable aripiprazole is the most recently introduced depot treatment in schizophrenia.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to determine the tolerability and safety of this new treatment.AimsThe aim is to provide useful information regarding the use of this new drug.MethodsOur sample consists on 20 patients treated with a monthly dose of long-acting ariprazole. They were previously stabilized on oral aripiprazole before the first injection. The data on tolerability and safety were obtained by face-to-face interviews, using the Hogan Drug Attitude Inventory, the Patient Satisfaction with Medication Questionnaire and the UKU Side Effects Scale.ResultsOur sample consists of 20 patients, with a 50/50 gender distribution and a mean age of 39 years. The average score in the satisfaction scale Hogan was positive (an average of 7.25). In the Patient Satisfaction With Medication Questionnaire, 85% said they were satisfied with the new treatment, compared with 15% who showed some degree of dissatisfaction with the change. Overall, 90% of patients showed a preference for the current treatment compared to the previous. The patients showed good tolerance to medication, with a low score in the UKU scale (total score = 13.5). Side effects did not interfere with daily activity of the patient.ConclusionsLong acting injectable aripiprazole proved to be a safe treatment, with a good degree of acceptance among patients. These advantages makes of this new drug a useful addition to our kit tool.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Neurophysiological correlates of negative symptom domains in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Vignapiano A. , Montefusco V. , Plescia G.M. , Di Lorenzo G. , Niolu C. , Altamura M. , Marasco D. , Giordano G.M. , Mucci A. , Galderisi S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionNegative symptoms have long been recognized as a central feature of schizophrenia, which limit recovery, having a strong negative impact on real-life functioning. External validators of the negative symptoms domains might help refining hypotheses on their pathophysiological basis.AimsThe objective of this study was to evaluate, in the context of the multicenter study of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses, the relationships between auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) components and negative symptom domains in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ).MethodsWe examined ERPs recorded during an auditory odd-ball task in 115 chronic stabilized SCZ (78% on second-generation antipsychotics) and 62 matched healthy controls (HC). Negative symptoms were assessed using the Brief Negative Symptom Scale.ResultsOur main findings included significant N100 and P3b amplitude reductions in SCZ compared to HC. P3b amplitude did not correlate with any negative symptom domain, while N100 amplitude correlated with both anhedonia and avolition domains.ConclusionsAvolition and anhedonia, often clustering in the same factor, are related to abnormalities of early components of the ERPs correlated with perceptual and automatic attention processes. None of the negative symptom domains is associated with abnormalities of the later stages indexed by P3 amplitude.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Correlates of sleep difficulties in young adults: A gender comparison
Authors: Amaral A.P. , Soares M.J. , Pereira A.T. , Bos S. , Marques M. , Valente J. , Macedo A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSleep disturbance is one of the most common health complaints among late adolescents and young adults. Women report more sleep-related complaints than men (Krishnan and Collop, 2006) and more anxiety or depressive symptoms (Voderholzer et al., 2003). Higher levels of repetitive negative thinking appear to be causally involved in the initiation/maintenance of emotional problems (Ehring and Watkins, 2008).AimsTo analyze the sleep difficulties differences by gender and its associations with stress, cognitive emotion regulation, perseverative thinking and negative affect.MethodsFive hundred and forty-nine students (80.1% females) from two Universities filled in the PSS-10 (Cohen et al., 1983; Amaral et al., 2014), CERQ (Garnefski et al., 2001; Castro et al., 2013), PTQ (Ehring et al., 2011; Chaves et al., 2013) and POMS-58 (McNair et al., 1971; Azevedo et al., 1991; Amaral et al., 2013). Three questions were used to access difficulties of initiating sleep (DIS), maintaining sleep (DMS) and early morning wakening (EMA).ResultsFemales reported more sleep difficulties (excluding DIS), stress, perseverative thinking than males. Males reported higher levels in self-blame and blaming-others dimensions. In female sample we found significant correlations between all sleep difficulties and stress, perseverative thinking, emotional regulation (rumination, self-blame, catastrophizing) and negative affect. In male sample only the difficulties of initiating sleep are correlated with stress, perseverative thinking, self-blame and negative affect.ConclusionsThere are no gender differences in frequency and most of correlates of DIS. DMS and EMA were higher in females and were related to perseverative thinking and emotional regulation mechanisms in this sample.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in professional cyclists
Authors: Kwiatkowski M. , Cwalina U. , Kosielski P. , Simonienko K. , Wierzbinski P. , Wygnał N. , Waszkiewicz N. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep disorder affecting a significant part of general population. Clinically RLS is characterized by abnormal sensations of irresistible urge to move legs, becoming worse at night, and frequently causing insomnia. Consequences of RLS include daytime dysfunction, depressed mood, anxiety and decreased quality of life.ObjectivesDetermine prevalence of RLS in professional cyclists.AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of RLS in professional cyclists. According to our knowledge this is the first research of RLS in professional cyclists.MethodsA total of 43 professional cyclists were asked to complete 4-item questionnaire based on IRLSSG Diagnostic Criteria for RLS. Data from questionnaire was compared to antropometric measurements, epidemiologic data, age of starting trainings and total years of professional performance.ResultsThe results indicated that prevalence of RLS in professional cyclists is 14% and is higher than expected in this age group. We found statistically significant relationship between RLS and age (P < 0,001) and years of experience as a professional cyclist (P < 0,001). Results revealed no significant differences between genders (Table 1).Table 1 ConclusionsRLS seems to be a common problem in professional cyclists. It can affect sport performance. Future efforts to estimate the influence of RLS on professional sport performance should be considered.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Self-compassion and insomnia at pregnancy
Authors: Marques M. , Pereira A.T. , Freitas V. , Bento E. , Azevedo J. , Xavier S. , Soares M.J. , Martins M.J. , Macedo A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMindfulness based programs during pregnancy (some including self-compassion components) increase self-compassion, mindfulness and maternal self-efficacy, and reduce anxiety, stress and psychological distress in pregnant women. According to our knowledge, there are no studies about the association between self-compassion and sleep outcomes in pregnancy.ObjectiveTo explore differences in self-compassion, between three sleep groups, in a sample of Portuguese pregnant women.MethodsFour hundred and nineteen pregnant women (mean age: 32.51 ± 4.759; weeks of gestation: 17.32 ± 4.803) completed the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS, Bento et al., 2015), presenting six dimensions (self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness and over-identification) and the Insomnia Assessment Scale (Marques et al., 2015). Three sleep groups were formed: good sleepers (no insomnia symptoms; no associated daily impairment); insomnia symptoms groups (one/more insomnia symptoms; no associated daily impairment); insomniacs (one/more insomnia symptoms; daily associated impairment).ResultsThere were significant differences in the total SCS, self-judgment, isolation and over-identification scores, between sleep groups [respectively, F (2,396) = 7,926, P ≤ 0,001; F (2,409) = 19,155, P ≤ 0,001; F (2,410) = 13,016, P ≤ 0,001; F (2,412) = 11,258, P ≤ 0,001]. Self-judgement, isolation and over-identification scores of good sleepers and insomnia symptoms group were higher than of insomniacs. Total SCS score of good sleepers was higher than of insomniacs and the same score of symptoms of insomnia group was also higher than of insomniacs.ConclusionsResults seem to show the importance of developing self-compassion to improve sleep in pregnancy or reduce the impact of insomnia symptoms (common at pregnancy).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Children and sleep disturbance: A case for psychiatric intervention?
Authors: Seibert P. 
Published: May 2016

From birth through adolescence changes occur in children's sleep architecture, schedule, and duration including several key interactions in the concomitance of sleep/wake domains and child development. Research investigating the suspected affiliation between inefficient sleep and mental dysfunction in children has been largely enigmatic. We constructed a 111-item questionnaire relative to sleep disturbance in all ages and a 12-item questionnaire specific to pediatrics to use in conjunction with nocturnal polysomnography (PSG), and medical chart reviews of children under the age of 17 referred to our institution for evaluation of SDs. We analyzed these data to create a characterization specific to children/youth (n = 57; age 1–16 mean 9.28; 36 male, 21, female). Examples of findings reveal a characterization distinctive from the general demographic of adults who are referred for sleep studies. For example, 55.6% presented with disabilities ranging from neurological to neuromuscular; 73.3% reported learning disabilities; 66.7% possessed a range of behavioral control challenges; half used prescribed medications for psychiatric issues (despite a paucity of psychiatric evaluation). Another example, is that post-PSG, 69.6% of this sample were diagnosed with abnormal sleep architecture which was statistically related to medication use. These data revealed a pattern of children being more likely to be referred for a professional sleep study in the presence of significant medical symptomatology. Although we found some similarities when comparing this children/youth group to adults, we also found striking differences that were opposite when comparing the age groups.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Psychiatric follow up after a suicide attempt
Authors: de la Vega Sánchez D. , Reina Domínguez M. , Fernández León S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSuicide is a global public health problem. More than 800,000 people die due to suicide every year according to the WHOM. In Spain, about 9 people die due to suicide every day, and the rates increase every year. The presence of previous suicide attempts is one of the strongest risk factors for suicide consumption. Nevertheless, patients sometimes do not receive a correct assistance after a suicide attempt.ObjectiveTo study the follow-up of patients, without previous psychiatrichistory, who commit a first suicide attempt in the area of Huelva (Spain).MethodRetrospective review of the electronic clinical histories of patients attended in the Emergency service of Juan Ramón Jiménez Hospital after a first suicide attempt during the first six months of 2015.ResultsFrom January to June of 2015 we collected a total of 159 patients who committed a firs suicide attempt in our area. A total of 69.18% were women and 30.82 were men. In both sex the mean age was 39 years. Out of the 159 attended after a first suicide attempt, only 54% were referred to the Psychiatry service to be followed up. Out of those referred, only 62% actually attended and only half of them really staying treatment.ConclusionsAn adequate psychiatric follow up after a suicide attempt is needed to reduce the risk of more suicide attempts or consumption. A minority (30.8%) of the patients attended in our area after a first suicide attempt received an adequate attention.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Suicidal ideation during pregnancy in British Pakistani women
Authors: Sharif A. , Husain M. , Gire N. , Tomenson B. , Chaudhry N. , Husain M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSuicide is a major public health problem and one of the common causes of maternal mortality. Rates of suicide and self-harm are higher in British South Asian women compared to the majority white population. Suicidal Ideation (SI) is a significant risk factor associated with self-harm and suicide.ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and risk factors of SI in British Pakistani women.AimTo identify risk factors associated with SI, in order to inform future preventive strategies.MethodThis is a secondary analysis of a larger study which looked at depression during pregnancy and infant outcomes. Participants who consented (women aged 18 or over, in their third pregnancy trimester) were initially assessed for maternal depression using the Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale (EPDS), with one of the questions on the EPDS being on SI. Participants who met the study criteria, were further assessed regarding socio-demographic factors, perceived social support, social adversity and isolation.ResultsThe rate of SI in this group of women was 8.1%, with baseline interview results suggesting that women with SI being significantly more likely to be aged 20 or less, have experience of severe life events and being less likely to have social support.ConclusionThis area of research is key to understanding SI in British Pakistani women, to better develop culturally sensitive interventions for use within this group.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.