bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and epidemiological characterization of caninePseudomonasotitis using a prospective case‐control study design
Authors: Morris Daniel O. , Davis Meghan F. , Palmeiro Brian S. , O'Shea Kathleen , Rankin Shelley C. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosais an opportunistic pathogen of the canine ear canal and occupies aquatic habitats in the environment. Nosocomial and zoonotic transmission ofP. aeruginosahave been documented, including clonal outbreaks.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to assess various environmental exposures as potential risk factors for caninePseudomonasotitis. It was hypothesized that isolates derived from infected ears would be clonal to isolates derived from household water sources and the mouths of human and animal companions of the study subjects.AnimalsSeventy seven privately owned dogs with otitis were enrolled, along with their human and animal household companions, in a case‐control design.MethodsData on potential risk factors forPseudomonasotitis were collected. Oral cavities of all study subjects, their human and animal companions, and household water sources were sampled. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was used to estimate clonal relatedness ofP. aeruginosaisolates.ResultsIn a multivariate model, visiting a dog park was associated with 77% increased odds of case status (P= 0.048). Strains clonal to the infection isolates were obtained from subjects’ mouths (n= 18), companion pets’ mouths (n= 5), pet owners’ mouths (n= 2), water bowls (n= 7) and water taps (n= 2). Clonally relatedP. aeruginosaisolates were obtained from dogs that had no clear epidemiological link.Conclusions and clinical importanceGenetic homology between otic and environmental isolates is consistent with a waterborne source for some dogs, and cross‐contamination with other human and animal members within some households.
Evaluation of platelet function using multiple electrode platelet aggregometry in dogs with septic peritonitis
Authors: Li Ronald H.L. , Chan Daniel L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess platelet function via multiple electrode platelet aggregometry (MEPA) in dogs with septic peritonitis and in healthy dogs. The secondary aim was to determine if there is prognostic significance to changes in platelet function observed in septic dogs.DesignProspective, observational cohort study conducted from January 2012 to March 2014.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsTwenty dogs with septic peritonitis and 23 healthy dogs.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsMEPA using arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate, and collagen (COL) as agonists was measured within 24 hours of diagnosis of sepsis. Compared to healthy dogs, platelet aggregation was reduced in dogs with septic peritonitis for all agonists (P< 0.01). Overall mortality rate was 40%. MEPA in response to COL was significantly reduced in nonsurvivors compared to survivors (P= 0.019). Using receiver‐operating characteristic curve statistics, a COL‐activated MEPA less than 43.5 aggregation units had a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 90.9%, respectively, for predicting nonsurvival in dogs with septic peritonitis.ConclusionsCirculating platelets from dogs with septic peritonitis have diminished aggregation in response to multiple platelet agonists. MEPA may serve as an assessment tool for illness severity in this patient population.
A 10 km time trial running bout acutely increases the number of angiogenic T cells in the peripheral blood compartment of healthy males
Authors: Ross Mark , Tormey Peter , Ingram Lesley , Simpson Richard , Malone Eva , Florida‐James Geraint 
Published: July 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of the study?
Are CD31+ angiogenic T (TANG) cells preferentially mobilized in response to acute exercise?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Our study reveals that TANG cells are redistributed into the circulation in response to acute strenuous exercise, but to a lesser extent than CD31− T cells. Of the TANG cells mobilized, TANG cells expressing CXCR4 show greater redistribution compared with CXCR4− TANG cells. Stromal‐derived factor 1‐α does not appear to play a role in the redistribution of TANG cells expressing CXCR4. The results suggest that a single bout of strenuous exercise might provide a short vasculogenic window, which could benefit the vascular system by redistributing CD31+ TANG cells.

CD31+ T cells have been documented to possess vasculogenic properties and have been termed ‘angiogenic T cells’ (TANG cells). No study to date has fully characterized the effect of acute exercise on TANG cells. Twelve male participants aged 24–45 years undertook a running 10 km time trial, with peripheral blood samples taken before, immediately after and 1 h postexercise for quantification of TANG cells and subsequent CXCR4 cell surface expression by flow cytometry. The TANG cells demonstrated a 102% increase in number in the peripheral circulation immediately postexercise compared with pre‐exercise levels, followed by a large egress (50%) from the circulation in total TANG cells 1 h postexercise. This was due to changes in both CD4+ and CD8+ TANG cells, with CD8+ TANG cells displaying greater ingress (123%) and egress (52%) compared with CD4+ TANG cells (ingress, 83%; egress, 37%). The cell surface expression intensity of CXCR4 was affected only on CD8+ TANG cells, with a significant increase in cell surface expression immediately postexercise versus pre‐exercise levels. The CD31− T cells displayed greater redistribution than CD31+ TANG cells (119 versus 102%). CXCR4‐expressing TANG cells showed greater response to acute exercise than CXCR4− cells, which was accompanied by large changes in CXCR4 ligand SDF‐1α. The results show that acute exercise increases TANG cells in the circulation in response to an acute exercise stressor. Additionally, CXCR4 cell surface expression appears to be increased in response to exercise, which may result from the direct upregulation of CXCR4 on the T‐cell surface or could be due to CD31+ T cells being redistributed into the blood expressing greater levels of CXCR4.
Alleviation of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide induced oxidative stress by Oroxylum indicum (L.) leaf extract in albino Wistar rats
Authors: Mohan Shalini , Thiagarajan Kalaivani , Sundaramoorthy Balaji , Gurung Vivek , Barpande Manas , Agrawal Shilpi , Chandrasekaran Rajasekaran 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) is a mutagen known to be responsible for causing cancer by generating oxidative stress in humans.Oroxylum indicum(L.) possesses various bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. In this connection, the present study aims to analyze the alleviation of 4-NQO induced oxidative stress in albino Wistar rats usingO. indicum(L.) leaf extract.MethodsO. indicum(L.) belonging to the family Bignoniaceae, has anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we observed severe oxidative stress in 4-NQO induced albino Wistar rats when compared to untreated control. Alleviation of this condition was seen after the oral administration ofO. indicum(L.) leaf extract at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight.Results4-NQO (50 ppm) administration in drinking water resulted in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to cellular damage, lipid peroxidation and imbalance in antioxidant status. Administration ofO. indicum(L.) leaf extract has alleviated the level of 4-NQO induced oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant status and decreasing the elevation of liver markers in serum.ConclusionsResults clearly suggest thatO. indicum(L.) leaf extract when administered orally in a dose dependent manner has the ability to overcome the oxidative stress induced by 4-NQO with hepatoprotective and lipid protective properties.
From Mumbai to Tel Aviv
Authors: Lustenberger Sibylle 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article analyzes the place of intimacy in the encounters between Israeli gay men and Indian surrogates. While transnational surrogacy is often presented either as an act of solidarity or as a contract for mutual benefit, the article complicates this picture. The intended fathers in the study simultaneously negated, expected, feared, and desired intimacy. The emphasis of the surrogates’ monetary interests kept the women outside the fathers’ families. Yet framing surrogacy as pure work conflicts with the affection and appreciation the men felt toward their surrogates. They felt the need to meet them, even if only once, to bring the relationship to a good end. Their balancing act unveils the asymmetries that structure transnational surrogacy. Gay men rely on distance and proximity to create consistent stories of origin for their children. They do so, however, at the expense of the surrogates, whose possibilities to enact their ideas about these relationships are limited.
GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA: INSERÇÃO DOS GESTORES NAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Côco Valdete , Galdino Luciana 
Published: July 2016

Este artigo discute a inserção dos gestores nos quadros profissionais das instituições de Educação Infantil (EI) a partir de dados de pesquisa de mapeamento, que empreendeu procedimento de aplicação de questionário aos gestores municipais da EI dos 78 municípios do estado do Espírito Santo (ES), Brasil. Com ancoragem em referencial teórico-metodológico bakhtiniano e afirmando as premissas da gestão democrática do ensino, desenvolve-se uma interlocução com a legislação brasileira e com estudos sobre gestão educacional, buscando compreender as formas de provimento ao cargo e aos processos de formação continuada dos gestores das instituições de EI. Os dados da pesquisa indicam que a maioria dos municípios pesquisados integra o profissional gestor na composição do quadro funcional das instituições de EI, ainda que sua designação possa não abarcar a totalidade das instituições das redes municipais. Com essa presença profissional marcante no quadro das instituições, atenta-se para a incipiência dos processos participativos no que se refere às formas de nomeação desse profissional, indicando desafios persistentes com vistas à gestão democrática nas instituições de EI.
La Escuelita: Paradojas en la construcción de la autonomía disciplinar
Authors: Acosta Mg. Arq. María Martina 
Published: July 2016

A mediados de la década del '70 la enseñanza de la arquitectura se encontraba marcada por la extrema politización de sus ideas y sus prácticas: la participación social en el proyecto y la organización de talleres verticales —que cuestionaban los principios pedagógicos tradicionales— señalaban el desplazamiento de los intereses estrictamente disciplinares. Los límites de este momento convulsionado pueden fijarse en el golpe de Estado de marzo del '76 que, con su componente de terror, desmontó esas experiencias de reforma. En este marco, un grupo de arquitectos apartados de la Universidad decidió crear los Cursos de Arquitectura con el objetivo de retomar la reflexión sobre los problemas de la disciplina, recuperando la autonomía que la década del '70 había disuelto en la práctica política. Este artículo explora la experiencia de estos cursos, que luego fueron conocidos como La Escuelita, y que desde 1977 hasta 1982, liderados por Antonio Díaz, Rafael Viñoly, Ernesto Katzenstein y Justo Solona, construyeron un notable ámbito de reflexión a partir del proyecto, la crítica y los estudios históricos, en consonancia con la cultura arquitectónica contemporánea internacional.
Palabras clave
Enseñanza de la arquitectura; Proyecto; Teoría; Crítica; Autonomía disciplinar
Vers un Nouveau Continent
Authors: Carapiá Lima Baptista Mg. Arq. Piero 
Published: July 2016

Diversas investigações buscaram avaliar os impactos de Le Corbusier no meio profissional sul–americano. Muitas dessas centraram–se nas influencias de suas viagens a América do Sul (1929, 1936, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1951 e 1962); na divulgação do ideário corbusiano por arquitetos latino–americanos que realizaram estágios profissionais com Le Corbusier e; nos projetos propostos pelo Mestre para o continente. Outro caminho, pouco explorado, objeto deste artigo, será: por um lado, a análise dos artigos publicados nas revistas especializadas sul–americanas pelo próprio Le Corbusier ou por profissionais locais e; por outro lado, analisando a lógica das publicações dos livros de Le Corbusier (em espanhol e português), na qual profissionais vinculados a ele tiveram papel decisivo. No primeiro caso identificamos: a relação entre a publicação de artigos e o interesse dos profissionais sulamericanos em temas específicos; a preocupação por adotar e adaptar as ideias corbusianas a cada realidade; a atitude crítica por parte dos profissionais sul–americanos; o interesse por manter–se «atualizados» sobre a obra do Mestre e; o intenso contato entre os diretores das diversas revistas. No segundo caso é possível entender o contexto e a importância da tradução dos livros de Le Corbusier, influenciando na escolha dos livros traduzidos e publicados.
Palabras clave
Arquitetura moderna; Le Corbusier; Movimento moderno; Revistas especializadas; Urbanismo moderno
Verticalización del núcleo urbano central de Santa Fe
Authors: Martínez Dra. Arq. Irene 
Published: July 2016

El artículo describe y caracteriza la verticalización del núcleo urbano central de Santa Fe entre 1966 y 2010 y sus impactos en la dinámica urbana del tejido central a partir de tres cuestiones: los cambios morfológicos; la emergencia de nuevos actores y la generación de nuevos instrumentos de regulación urbana. A partir de estas tres cuestiones se registran las alteraciones en las representaciones y los significados sociales sobre el edificio en altura y sus efectos: de indicador de progreso y avance urbano a elemento que degrada el patrimonio arquitectónico y los usos de sectores urbanos.
Palabras clave
Actores; Centro urbano; Edificio en altura; Regulación urbana; Significado
Growth and Yield Performance of Maize Seeded in Line and Broadcasted to Varying Doses of Nitrogen
Authors: Zaman R. , Khan A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Improving production through better agronomic management is continued to feed ever-increasing population. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of N on maize seeded in line or broadcasted. Treatments included four level of urea nitrogen (N), i.e. 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 and two sowing techniques, i.e. drill sowing (improved) and broad cast (farmer practice). Improved method of sowing had improved yield and yield contributing parameters whereas emergence m-2 and biological yield was higher in broadcast method of sowing. Increasing N application had increased biological yield, number of plants at harvest and grains ear-1 linearly. Cobs per plant, grain yield, 1000 grains weight and harvest index showed sigmoid response to N application and was maximum at 120 kg N ha-1. Sowing of maize seed in line method and receiving 120 kg N ha-1 had increased grain yield by 45% over broad cast method of sowing receiving the same dose of nitrogen. However, the farmer practices method had increased the forage (straw) when received higher amount of N, i.e. 180 kg N ha-1. Thus, it is concluded from the experiment that application of 120 kg N ha-1 and seed sown in line had increased the yield and yielding parameters, compared to other treatments and is, therefore, recommended for general cultivation of variety Azam in agro-climatic condition of Peshawar.
Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Optimization of Relationship between Economic Potential and Sources for Public Needs Settlement
Authors: Stojanović Aleksandar 
Published: July 2016

Summary
The relative level of fiscal revenue in relation to the total aggregate domestic product or national income is a central indicator to be established in the national economy. This indicator is the “tax ratio”. The tendency of almost every economic and especially fiscal policy is that this indicator expresses the optimal ratio between the part of the domestic product or national income, which is intended to be used for the settlement of public needs and the general economic aggregate of the latter economic categories. Its special importance lies in the design concept of medium-term or long-term social and economic development. It is necessary to determine the framework of the global distribution of the domestic product or national income, which is acceptable, on the one hand, from the perspective of a balanced and stable economic growth, and on the other hand, from the standpoint of balancing interests of all social structures of modern mixed societies.
Experimental Evidence on Transfer Pricing
Authors: Tran Quoc H. , Croson Rachel T. A. , Seldon Barry J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We use incentivized economics experiments to test both the point predictions and comparative static predictions of optimal transfer pricing models, comparing behavior under varying conditions, including wholly versus partially-owned subsidiaries and different tariff and tax rates. As predicted, we find that transfer prices are responsive to relative tax and tariff rates as well as ownership proportions. Additionally, we examine convergence and learning in this setting. While individuals do not choose optimal transfer prices, their choices converge to optimal levels with experience. This paper thus makes two important contributions. First, by comparing behavior with theoretical predictions it provides evidence of whether (and when) individuals set transfer prices optimally. Second, by comparing behavior under conditions of full and partial ownership it provides evidence on the impact of policy interventions (like regulating ownership proportions by MNEs) on tax revenues.
Corporate Governance and Financial Performance Nexus: Any Bidirectional Causality?
Authors: Alley Ibrahim S. , Adebayo Abimbola L. , Oligbi Blessing O. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Most studies on corporate governance recognize endogeneity in the nexus between corporate governance and financial performance. Little attention has, however, been paid to the direction of causality between the two phenomena, and hence the Vector Error Correction (VEC) model, which allows for endogenous determination of the direction of causality, has not been widely employed. This study fills that gap by estimating the nexus and the direction of causality using the VEC model to analyze panel data on selected listed firms in Nigeria. The results agree with the findings of most previous studies that corporate governance significantly affects financial performance. Board skills, board composition and management skills enhanced financial performance indicators – return on equity (ROE), return on asset (ROA) and net profit margin (NPM); in many occasions, significantly. Board size and audit committee size did not, and can actually undermine financial performance. More importantly, financial performance did not significantly affect corporate governance. On the basis of the lag structure of the VEC model, this study affirms unidirectional causality in the nexus, running from corporate governance to financial performance, nullifying the hypothesis of bidirectional causality in the nexus.
Statistical Analysis of the Forensic Autopsies, Performed in the Department of Forensic Medicine of University Hospital Pleven for the Period 2009-2013 (A Preliminary Report)
Authors: Dekov Dancho P. , Ivanov Ivan N. , Kostadinov Sergey D. , Popovska Savelina L. , Lisaev Petko I. , Dorovski Plamen D. 
Published: July 2016

Summary
The study is a statistical analysis of the dynamics and structure of forensic autopsies performed on dead bodies and body remains at University Hospital “Dr. Georgi Stranski” in Pleven. The study was based on forensic autopsy records database and forensic autopsy reports for the period 2009-2013. A total of 976 cases, including forensic autopsies, exhumations, examination of bone remains and inspection of dead bodies at the site of death (without following forensic autopsy), were analyzed. The studied data was coded and processed with Microsoft Excel software. A detailed data analysis of the number of autopsies, frequency of death by cause, distribution of death by gender, age, residence, place of death and its forensic category is presented. According to our results, the deaths due to diseases comprised 35% of all forensic autopsies. The most common cause of violent death was damage by mechanical factors (53%), followed by asphyxia (24.7%). The most common mechanical factor was vehicle crash trauma, followed by falling (22.5%). Accidents were the most common cause of death 62%, followed by suicides (31 %) and homicides 7%. Fifty-nine percent of the suicides were by hanging. The preliminary analyses of the studied data lead to several conclusions. The number of forensic autopsies was found to be progressively decreasing, but the road traffic death rate remained unchanged. Most of the forensic autopsies were performed in July. The highest death rates by age was observed in the age group between 51 and 60 years, with predominance of males over females (3.3 males: 1 females).
Barriers to Use of Social Media by Emergency Managers
Authors: Plotnick Linda , Hiltz Starr Roxanne 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSocial media (SM) are socio-technical systems that have the potential to provide real-time information during crises and thus to help protect lives and property. Yet, US emergency management (EM) agencies do not extensively use them. This mixed-methods study describes the ways SM is used by county-level US emergency managers, barriers to effective SM use, and recommendations to improve use. Exploratory interviews were conducted with US public sector emergency managers to elicit attitudes about SM. This was followed by a survey of over 200 US county level emergency managers. Results show that only about half of agencies use SM at all. About one quarter of agencies with formal policies actually forbid the use of SM. For both disseminating (sending out) and collecting information lack of sufficient staff is the most important barrier. However, lack of guidance/policy documents is the second highest rated barrier to dissemination via SM. Lack of skills and of the training that could improve these skills is also important. For collecting data, trustworthiness and information overload issues are the second and third most important barriers, which points to the need for appropriate software support to deal with these system-related issues. There are few differences associated with agency characteristics. By understanding important barriers, technologists can better meet the needs of emergency managers when designing SM technologies.
Analytical Evaluation of the Effect of Cross-Polarization-induced Crosstalk on the BER Performance of a PDM-QPSK Coherent Homodyne Optical Transmission System
Authors: Taher K. A. , Majumder S. P. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
An analytical approach is developed to find the effect of cross-polarization (XPol)-induced crosstalk on the bit error rate (BER) performance of a polarization division multiplex (PDM) quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) optical transmission system with polarization diversity receiver. Analytical expression for the XPol-induced crosstalk and signal to crosstalk plus noise ratio (SCNR) are developed at the output of polarization diversity PDM-QPSK coherent optical homodyne receiver conditioned on a given value of mean misalignment angle. Considering Maxwellian distribution for the pdf of the misalignment angle, the average SCNR and average BER are derived. Results show that there is significant deterioration in the BER performance and power penalty due to XPol-induced crosstalk. Penalties in signal power are found to be 8.85 dB, 11.28 dB and 12.59 dB correspondingly for LO laser power of −10 dBm, −5 dBm and 0 dBm at a data rate of 100 Gbps, mean misalignment angle of 7.5 degree and BER of 10−9 compared to the signal power without crosstalk.