bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of carotenoids from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous using ultrasound‐assisted and chemical cell disruption methods
Authors: Urnau Letícia , Colet Rosicler , Soares Viviane Faria , Franceschi Elton , Valduga Eunice , Steffens Clarice 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCarotenoids are natural pigments that can be synthesized by plants, algae, and microorganisms. Carotenoids are found intracellularly when bio‐produced by microorganisms. Thus, the cell wall rigidity makes pigment extraction difficult at times, so the application of various cell rupture and extraction techniques is made necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to perform Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous Y‐10921 cell rupture using dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and Ultrasound‐Assisted methods in order to recover carotenoids. The maximum recovery of specific carotenoids using the DMSO method was 680 μg/g associated with acetone extraction and 614 μg/g with the Ultrasound‐Assisted method (acetone:methanol, 7:3 v/v ratio). The results demonstrate that the Ultrasound‐Assisted method did not require a long extraction time, it had an easy biocompounds recovery, and furthermore, it was effective on yeast cell disruption.
Estimation of cresyl and xylyl contents in phosphate esters‐based fire resistance hydraulic fluids by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Kumar Ravindra , Mondal Sujit , Bansal Veena , Pandey Jai Narayan , Christopher Jayaraj , Kapur Gurpreet Singh , Saxena Deepak 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this work, a new analytical approach based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been optimized for the direct estimation of different phenolic components in a phosphate ester sample. In high resonance proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of fire resistance hydraulic fluids, methyl protons of cresyl, xylyl, and other phosphates (ethyl, propyl, and butyl) are unambiguously distinguished by their different chemical shift and used for quantitative estimation. The developed methodology was validated by analyzing different synthetic blends prepared in lab and few fully formulated fire resistance hydraulic fluids. The methodology is fast, nondestructive, and useful for development of new products and troubleshooting.
The Distant Double Bond Determines the Fate of the Carboxylic Group in the Dissociative Photoionization of Oleic Acid
Authors: Heringa Maarten F. , Slowik Jay G. , Goldmann Maximilian , Signorell Ruth , Hemberger Patrick , Bodi Andras 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe valence threshold photoionization of oleic acid has been studied using synchrotron VUV radiation and imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (iPEPICO) spectroscopy. An oleic acid aerosol beam was impacted on a copper thermodesorber, heated to 130 °C, to evaporate the particles quantitatively. Upon threshold photoionization, oleic acid produces the intact parent ion first, followed by dehydration at higher energies. Starting at ca. 10 eV, a large number of fragment ions slowly rise suggesting several fragmentation coordinates with quasi‐degenerate activation energies. However, water loss is the dominant low‐energy dissociation channel, and it is shown to be closely related to the unsaturated carbon chain. In the lowest‐barrier process, one of the four allylic hydrogen atoms is transferred to the carboxyl group to form the leaving water molecule and a cyclic ketone fragment ion. A statistical model to analyze the breakdown diagram and measured rate constants yields a 0 K appearance energy of 9.77 eV, which can be compared with the density functional theory result of 9.19 eV. Alternative H‐transfer steps yielding a terminal C=O group are ruled out based on energetics and kinetics arguments. Some of the previous photoionization mass spectrometric studies also reported 2 amu and 26 amu loss fragment ions, corresponding to hydrogen and acetylene loss. We could not identify such peaks in the mass spectrum of oleic acid.
Charge‐Transfer and Arrangement Effects on Delayed Photoluminescence from Phthalimide Cocrystals
Authors: Kita Yasuyuki , Nishida Jun‐ichi , Nishida Shota , Matsui Yasunori , Ikeda Hiroshi , Hirao Yasukazu , Kawase Takeshi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCocrystals of N‐4‐trifluoromethylphenylphthalimides 1 a⊇2 a(1 %), composed of bromo (1 a) and dimethylamino (2 a) derivatives in a 99:1 ratio, display delayed photoluminescence (DPL) at λem=535 nm with a lifetime of 0.26 s. In contrast, pure materials 1 a and 2 a do not exhibit DPL. Similar DPL emission is also observed for cocrystals 1⊇2(1 %) of N‐4‐pyridyl, N‐phenyl, and N‐4‐tolyl derivatives. X‐Ray crystallographic analyses and the results of density functional theory calculations revealed that key for the occurrence of DPL is the formation of charge‐transfer (CT) excited states 1(2 a⋅1 a)CT* and the existence of regularly aligned networks in the cocrystals, which leads to generation of the long‐lived excited state 31 a via 3(2 a⋅1 a)CT* by intersystem crossing and localization of triplet energy.
Bad wrap: Myelin and myelin plasticity in health and disease
Authors: Gibson Erin M. , Geraghty Anna C. , Monje Michelle 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTHuman central nervous system myelin development extends well into the fourth decade of life, and this protracted period underscores the potential for experience to modulate myelination. The concept of myelin plasticity implies adaptability in myelin structure and function in response to experiences during development and beyond. Mounting evidence supports this concept of neuronal activity‐regulated changes in myelin‐forming cells, including oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation, oligodendrogenesis and modulation of myelin microstructure. In healthy individuals, myelin plasticity in associative white matter structures of the brain is implicated in learning and motor function in both rodents and humans. Activity‐dependent changes in myelin‐forming cells may influence the function of neural networks that depend on the convergence of numerous neural signals on both a temporal and spatial scale. However, dysregulation of myelin plasticity can disadvantageously alter myelin microstructure and result in aberrant circuit function or contribute to pathological cell proliferation. Emerging roles for myelin plasticity in normal neurological function and in disease are discussed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 123–135, 2018
Neurodevelopmental disease mechanisms, primary cilia, and endosomes converge on the BLOC‐1 and BORC complexes
Authors: Hartwig Cortnie , Monis William J. , Chen Xun , Dickman Dion K. , Pazour Gregory J. , Faundez Victor 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe biogenesis of lysosome‐related organelles complex‐1 (BLOC‐1) and the bloc‐one‐related complex (BORC) are the cytosolic protein complexes required for specialized membrane protein traffic along the endocytic route and the spatial distribution of endosome‐derived compartments, respectively. BLOC‐1 and BORC complex subunits and components of their interactomes have been associated with the risk and/or pathomechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, cellular processes requiring BLOC‐1 and BORC interactomes have the potential to offer novel insight into mechanisms underlying behavioral defects. We focus on interactions between BLOC‐1 or BORC subunits with the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, membrane tethers, and SNAREs. These interactions highlight requirements for BLOC‐1 and BORC in membrane movement by motors, control of actin polymerization, and targeting of membrane proteins to specialized cellular domains such as the nerve terminal and the primary cilium. We propose that the endosome–primary cilia pathway is an underappreciated hub in the genesis and mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 311–330, 2018
Fuel‐reduction management alters plant composition, carbon and nitrogen pools, and soil thaw in Alaskan boreal forest
Authors: Melvin April M. , Celis Gerardo , Johnstone Jill F. , McGuire A. David , Genet Helene , Schuur Edward A. G. , Rupp T. Scott , Mack Michelle C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIncreasing wildfire activity in Alaska's boreal forests has led to greater fuel‐reduction management. Management has been implemented to reduce wildfire spread, but the ecological impacts of these practices are poorly known. We quantified the effects of hand‐thinning and shearblading on above‐ and belowground stand characteristics, plant species composition, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, and soil thaw across 19 sites dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana) in interior Alaska treated 2–12 years prior to sampling. The density of deciduous tree seedlings was significantly higher in shearbladed areas compared to unmanaged forest (6.4 vs. 0.1 stems/m2), and unmanaged stands exhibited the highest mean density of conifer seedlings and layers (1.4 stems/m2). Understory plant community composition was most similar between unmanaged and thinned stands. Shearblading resulted in a near complete loss of aboveground tree biomass C pools while thinning approximately halved the C pool size (1.2 kg C/m2compared to 3.1 kg C/m2in unmanaged forest). Significantly smaller soil organic layer (SOL) C and N pools were observed in shearbladed stands (3.2 kg C/m2and 116.8 g N/m2) relative to thinned (6.0 kg C/m2and 192.2 g N/m2) and unmanaged (5.9 kg C/m2and 178.7 g N/m2) stands. No difference in C and N pool sizes in the uppermost 10 cm of mineral soil was observed among stand types. Total C stocks for measured pools was 2.6 kg C/m2smaller in thinned stands and 5.8 kg C/m2smaller in shearbladed stands when compared to unmanaged forest. Soil thaw depth averaged 13 cm deeper in thinned areas and 46 cm deeper in shearbladed areas relative to adjacent unmanaged stands, although variability was high across sites. Deeper soil thaw was linked to shallowerSOLdepth for unmanaged stands and both management types, however for any givenSOLdepth, thaw tended to be deeper in shearbladed areas compared to unmanaged forest. These findings indicate that fuel‐reduction management alters plant community composition, C and N pools, and soil thaw depth, with consequences for ecosystem structure and function beyond those intended for fire management.
Echocardiographic estimation of left ventricular and pulmonary pressures in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: a study utilizing simultaneous echocardiography and invasive measurements
Authors: Hummel Yoran M. , Liu Licette C.Y. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Fonseca‐Munoz Daniel F. , Damman Kevin , Rienstra Michiel , van der Meer Peter , Rosenkranz Stephan , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Voors Adriaan A. , Hoendermis Elke S. 
Published: October 2017

AimsAlthough echocardiography is generally used for the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), invasive measurements of filling pressures are the gold standard. Studies simultaneously performing echocardiography and invasive measurements in HFpEF are sparse.Methods and resultsInvasive haemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements were simultaneously performed in 98 patients with heart failure New York Heart Association class ≥II, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥45%, and suspected pulmonary hypertension on a previous echocardiogram. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to establish echocardiographic predictors of pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP). Mean age of the study patients was 74 ± 9 years, 68% were female, mean LVEF was 57 ± 5%, and 30% had atrial fibrillation at the time of measurement. Mean PAWP, LVEDP and mPAP were 17.2 ± 6.2, 16.7 ± 5.8 and 30.9 ± 10.2 mmHg, respectively. Isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) and left atrial reservoir strain could moderately estimate PAWP (r = 0.656; P < 0.001). LVEDP was only modestly predicted by IVRT and right ventricular wall thickness (r = 0.548; P < 0.001). Surprisingly, a low correlation was found between E/e'mean and PAWP (r = 0.240; P = 0.019), E/e'mean and LVEDP (r = 0.081; P = 0.453). Correlation coefficients were similar in patients with and without atrial fibrillation.ConclusionIn patients with HFpEF, echocardiographic measurements, including the E/e' ratio, have a poor to moderate predictive value for the estimation of invasively acquired LVEDP and PAWP. This limitation should be taken into account for the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with HFpEF.
The β‐lactam clavulanic acid mediates glutamate transport‐sensitive pain relief in a rat model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Kristensen P.J. , Gegelashvili G. , Munro G. , Heegaard A.M. , Bjerrum O.J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundFollowing nerve injury, down‐regulation of astroglial glutamate transporters (GluTs) with subsequent extracellular glutamate accumulation is a key factor contributing to hyperexcitability within the spinal dorsal horn. Some β‐lactam antibiotics can up‐regulate GluTs, one of which, ceftriaxone, displays analgesic effects in rodent chronic pain models.MethodsHere, the antinociceptive actions of another β‐lactam clavulanic acid, which possesses negligible antibiotic activity, were compared with ceftriaxone in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI)‐induced neuropathic pain. In addition, the protein expression of glutamate transporter‐1 (GLT1), its splice variant GLT1b and glutamate‐aspartate transporter (GLAST) was measured in the spinal cord of CCI rats. Finally, protein expression of the same GluTs was evaluated in cultured astrocytes obtained from rodents and humans.ResultsRepeated injection of ceftriaxone or clavulanic acid over 10 days alleviated CCI‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity, whilst clavulanic acid was additionally able to affect the thermal hypersensitivity. In addition, clavulanic acid up‐regulated expression of GLT1b within the spinal cord of CCI rats, whereas ceftriaxone failed to modulate expression of any GluTs in this model. However, both clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone up‐regulated GLT1 expression in rat cortical and human spinal astrocyte cultures. Furthermore, clavulanic acid increased expression of GLT1b and GLAST in rat astrocytes in a dose‐dependent manner.ConclusionsThus, clavulanic acid up‐regulates GluTs in cultured rodent‐ and human astroglia and alleviates CCI‐induced hypersensitivity, most likely through up‐regulation of GLT1b in spinal dorsal horn.SignificanceChronic dosing of clavulanic acid alleviates neuropathic pain in rats and up‐regulates glutamate transporters both in vitro and in vivo. Crucially, a similar up‐regulation of glutamate transporters in human spinal astrocytes by clavulanic acid supports the development of novel β‐lactam‐based analgesics, devoid of antibacterial activity, for the clinical treatment of chronic pain.
Efficacy, acceptability and safety of cognitive behavioural therapies in fibromyalgia syndrome – A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bernardy K. , Klose P. , Welsch P. , Häuser W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis updated systematic review aimed at evaluating the efficacy, acceptability and safety of cognitive behavioural therapies (CBTs) in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SCOPUS were searched from September 2013 to May 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CBTs with controls were analysed. Primary outcomes were ≥50% pain relief, ≥20% improvement of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), negative mood, fatigue, disability, acceptability and safety at end of therapy and at 6 months follow‐up. Effects were summarized by a random effects model using risk differences (RD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). 29 RCTs with 2509 subjects were included. CBTs were superior to controls (waiting list, attention control, treatment as usual, other active non‐pharmacological therapies) in pain relief of 50% or greater (RD 0.05 [95% CI 0.02–0.07] (high‐quality evidence), improvement of HRQoL of 20% or greater (RD 0.13 [95% CI 0.00–0.26], (moderate quality evidence), and in reducing negative mood (SMD −0.43 [95% CI −0.62 to −0.24]) (high‐quality evidence), disability (SMD −0.30 [95% CI −0.52 to −0.08]) (high‐quality evidence) and fatigue (SMD – 0–27 [95% CI −0.50 to −0.03]) (high‐quality evidence). There were no statistically significant differences between CBTs and controls in acceptability and safety (high‐quality evidence). The update did not change the major findings of the previous review. CBTs provided a clinically relevant benefit over control interventions in reducing some key symptoms of FMS and disability at the end of treatment.SignificanceThis updated systematic review with meta‐analysis on cognitive behavioural therapies (CBTs) including acceptance‐based CBTs endorse the efficacy and tolerability of CBTs in reducing key symptoms and disability in FMS in the short‐ and long‐term if compared to waiting list, treatment as usual, attention controls and active non‐pharmacological therapies. CBTs did not differ in efficacy except superiority for coping with pain and tolerability from recommended drug therapy (pregabalin and/or duloxetine).
Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate ester flame retardants in indoor dust and their potential health exposure risk
Authors: Zeng Xiangying , Wu Yang , Liu Zhiyang , Gao Shutao , Yu Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

The occurrence and distribution of 10 organophosphate ester (OP) flame retardants/plasticizers were studied in indoor dust collected in 2 districts of Wuhan City. Total concentrations of the 10 OPs (ΣOPs) varied from 86.5 to 6389 ng/g in 26 dust samples in Caidian District and from 300 to 10 186 ng/g in 27 samples in Jiang'an District. In most dust samples tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate was dominant over the other OPs, with concentrations of 9.14 to 2722 ng/g (mean 388 ng/g) in Caidian District and 57.3 to 3718 ng/g (mean 616 ng/g) in Jiang'an District. The calculated hazard indices, based on estimated exposure dose via dust ingestion to the reference dose, were much lower than 1. The results suggested that the inhabitants in the 2 regions were at low risk of exposure through dust ingestion. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:345–352. © 2017 SETAC
Mixtures of Cu, Ni, and Zn act mostly noninteractively on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata growth in natural waters
Authors: Van Regenmortel Tina , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Freshwater biota are usually exposed to mixtures of different metals in the environment, which raises concern because risk-assessment procedures for metals are still mainly based on single-metal toxicity. Because microalgae are primary producers and therefore at the base of the food web, it is of utmost importance to understand the effects of metal mixtures on these organisms. Most studies that have investigated the combined interactive effects of mixtures on microalgae performed tests in only one specific water. The objective of the present study was to test if combined effects of mixtures to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were the same or different across natural waters showing diverse water-chemistry characteristics. This was done by performing experiments with ternary Cu–Ni–Zn mixtures in 3 natural waters and with binary Cu–Ni mixtures in 5 natural waters. We showed that the ternary mixture acted noninteractively on algal growth, except in one water in which the mixture acted antagonistically. We suggest that a low–cationic competition situation in the latter water could be the reason for the antagonistic interaction between the metals. On the other hand, the binary mixture acted noninteractively on algal growth in all tested waters. We showed that both the concentration addition and independent action models can serve as accurate models for toxicity of ternary Cu–Ni–Zn and binary Cu–Ni mixtures to P. subcapitata in most cases and as protective models in all cases. In addition, we developed a metal mixture bioavailability model, by combining the independent action model and the single-metal bioavailability models, that can be used to predict Cu–Ni–Zn and Cu–Ni toxicity to P. subcapitata as a function of metal concentration and water characteristics. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:587–598. © 2017 SETAC
How effective and efficient are social programs on food and nutritional security?
Authors: Pillaca‐Medina Susan , Chavez‐Dulanto Perla Noemi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe analysis of the impact assessment of social programs allows to identify whether they fulfil the established objectives and evidencing the weaknesses to be strengthened in future actions, and modify or propose new intervention strategies. In Peru, the substantial economic progress since the 90s decade promoted dramatical investments in the social sector, especially on children well‐being, as around 30% of the total Peru population are children under the age of 15, being the age group most affected by poverty in the country. This review was aimed to present an overview of the current situation of social programs in Peru in terms of food (and nutritional) security (FS), emphasizing on the institutional framework and the impact of the social programs implemented by the Government, as well as some social programs implemented by nongovernmental organizations. To this end, information available on the world wide web, including peer‐reviewed papers on databases (mainly SciELOand LiLACs for their relevance for the Latin American region) regardingFSin Peru from 1989 onwards, and information published by the Peruvian official organisms directly involved inFS, was used. Studies addressing at least four of the seven points of the food and nutritional security in Peru analyzed in this paper (access, availability, consumption, biological use, stability, current situation, and institutionality) were considered. It was concluded that investment and resources should be used to improve social programs strategies designed according to the reality of each focused area, as in Peru, the achievements show an enormous potential for replicability of the interventions. Children must be prioritized through child‐sensitive programs, instead of considering them just as indicators and investments for the future—especially in rural areas whipped by the past internal conflicts—in order to contribute to the sustainable development of the country and assuringFS.
On the use of the continuous adjoint method to compute nongeometric sensitivities
Authors: Hayashi M. T. , Volpe E. V. , Ceze M. A. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThis work explores an alternative approach to computing sensitivity derivatives of functionals, with respect to a broader range of control parameters. It builds upon the complementary character of Riemann problems that describe the Euler flow and adjoint solutions. In a previous work, we have discussed a treatment of the adjoint boundary problem, which made use of such complementarity as a means to ensure well‐posedness. Here, we show that the very same adjoint solution that satisfies those boundary conditions also conveys information on other types of sensitivities. In essence, then, that formulation of the boundary problem can extend the range of applications of the adjoint method to a host of new possibilities.