bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting ocean carbon sequestration by direct injection: a global carbon budget perspective
Authors: Reith Fabian , Keller David P. , Oschlies Andreas 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In this study we look beyond the previously studied effects of oceanic CO2 injections on atmospheric and oceanic reservoirs and also account for carbon cycle and climate feedbacks between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere. Considering these additional feedbacks is important since backfluxes from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere in response to reducing atmospheric CO2 can further offset the targeted reduction. To quantify these dynamics we use an Earth system model of intermediate complexity to simulate direct injection of CO2 into the deep ocean as a means of emissions mitigation during a high CO2 emission scenario. In three sets of experiments with different injection depths, we simulate a 100-year injection period of a total of 70 GtC and follow global carbon cycle dynamics over another 900 years. In additional parameter perturbation runs, we varied the default terrestrial photosynthesis CO2 fertilization parameterization by ±50 % in order to test the sensitivity of this uncertain carbon cycle feedback to the targeted atmospheric carbon reduction through direct CO2 injections. Simulated seawater chemistry changes and marine carbon storage effectiveness are similar to previous studies. As expected, by the end of the injection period avoided emissions fall short of the targeted 70 GtC by 16–30 % as a result of carbon cycle feedbacks and backfluxes in both land and ocean reservoirs. The target emissions reduction in the parameter perturbation simulations is about 0.2 and 2 % more at the end of the injection period and about 9 % less to 1 % more at the end of the simulations when compared to the unperturbed injection runs. An unexpected feature is the effect of the model's internal variability of deep-water formation in the Southern Ocean, which, in some model runs, causes additional oceanic carbon uptake after injection termination relative to a control run without injection and therefore with slightly different atmospheric CO2 and climate. These results of a model that has very low internal climate variability illustrate that the attribution of carbon fluxes and accounting for injected CO2 may be very challenging in the real climate system with its much larger internal variability.
Annular arrays for novel ultrasonic measurement techniques
Authors: Wolf Mario , Kühnicke Elfgard , Kümmritz Sebastian , Lenz Michael 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The paper shows how the precise knowledge of the sound field of an ultrasonic annular array can contribute to the development of novel measurement techniques. Emphasis is placed on (a) a non-invasive method for sound velocity measurements in fluids using the echo signals from scattering p]articles, (b) a non-invasive method for the combined determination of thickness and sound velocity in layered structures by using a novel focusing technique, and (c) a non-scanning curvature measurement method exploiting the wave front curvature of a reflected wave. To demonstrate the methods, the principles as well as results of simulations and measurements are discussed.
VULCANIZATION OF RUBBER COMPOUNDS WITH PEROXIDE CURING SYSTEMS
Authors: Kruželák Ján , Sýkora Richard , Hudec Ivan 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTVulcanization or curing is one of the most important processes in rubber technologies. During this process, plastic rubber compounds by parallel and subsequent physical and mainly chemical reactions change into highly elastic products—vulcanizates. The fundamental goal of curing is forming chemical cross-links between rubber macromolecules, which leads to the formation of a three-dimensional network or rubber matrix. A number of curing systems have been introduced in cross-linking of elastomers; each system has its own characteristics and composition; therefore, vulcanizates with different properties also can be prepared. We characterize organic peroxides as curing agents and their decomposition mechanisms and characteristics and bring a detailed view to understanding mechanisms between peroxides and different types of rubber matrices. Then, we focus on the classification and characterization of co-agents used in peroxide cross-linking and explain the mutual interactions and reaction mechanisms between peroxide, co-agents, and rubber matrices in relation to the properties of prepared materials. Finally, the drawbacks and the main features of final cross-linked materials are outlined.
Diskursivní analýza a její využití ve výzkumu edukačních jevů
Authors: Klapko Dušan 
Published: November 2016

Obsahem odborného textu je charakteristika diskursivní analýzy jako metodologického a vědního přístupu a teoretické ukotvení působení diskursů v sociální realitě v kontextu moci a vědění. Součástí výkladu je stručná charakteristika diskursivních přístupů. Na závěr výkladu prezentujeme možnosti využití přístupů diskursivní analýzy ve výzkumu z oblasti edukační reality. V širším smyslu je cílem sdělení popsat v oblasti pedagogického výzkumu aplikování transdisciplinárního přístupu za účelem komplexnějšího vysvětlení edukační reality. V užším smyslu je cílem sdělení prezentovat teoretické ukotvení diskursivní analýzy a její využití ve zkoumání edukační reality.
Uplatnění fenomenografického přístupu na příkladu výzkumu využívání digitálních technologií ve vzdělávání
Authors: Staudková Hana 
Published: November 2016

Příspěvek se věnuje možnostem využití fenomenografie v pedagogickém výzkumu na příkladu výzkumu digitálních technologií ve vzdělávání. Tato výzkumná orientace je v českém prostředí téměř neznámá a hlavním cílem příspěvku je otevřít diskusi o možnostech jejího využití. V první části je podán základní přehled o principech fenomenografie. Dále se článek zaměřuje na otázku vztahu fenomenografie a fenomenologie a představuje je jako samostatné přístupy, z nichž každý má odlišné zaměření, cíle a výsledky. Konkrétní fenomenograficko-metodologické postupy jsou konfrontovány s designem zakotvené teorie; příspěvek popisuje jejich základní odlišnosti i společné prvky. Možnosti využití tohoto přístupu jsou doloženy na konkrétních příkladech výzkumů týkajících se digitálních technologií ve vzdělávání a závěrem jsou diskutovány jeho přednosti i slabiny. Ukazuje se, že tato výzkumná koncepce v sobě nese velký a dosud nevyužitý potenciál pro český pedagogický výzkum, především pro výzkum ve vysokoškolském prostředí, kterému je „šita na míru“.
Prozatím nevyužitá šance: situační analýza v pedagogickém výzkumu
Authors: Kalenda Jan 
Published: November 2016

Studie se zabývá možnostmi využití situační analýzy v pedagogickém výzkumu. I když je situační analýza novou metodou, významně se rozvíjející až v poslední dekádě, lze se s ní dnes setkat v široké škále společenských a humanitních věd. Přes tento úspěch napříč různými obory prozatím nedošlo k výraznému rozšíření situační analýzy do výzkumu edukačního/pedagogického, a to ani v zahraničí, ani v ČR. Tomu stále dominuje zakotvená teorie první generace nebo konstruktivisticky orientovaná zakotvená teorie. Studie na tento deficit reaguje tím, že představuje situační analýzu jako „balík teorie/metody“, přičemž demonstruje nejenom její ontologicko-epistemologická východiska ke studiu sociální/edukační reality a hlavní rozdíly oproti klasické zakotvené teorii, ale i principy používání tří klíčových nástrojů situační analýzy: (1) situačních map, (2) map sociálních světů a arén a (3) pozičních map. U všech tří nástrojů pak ukazuje jejich využití při zkoumání rozmanitých aspektů vzdělávání. V rámci diskuse těchto aspektů studie upozorňuje na stěžejní výhody situační analýzy jako teoreticko-metodologického přístupu ke studiu pedagogických jevů.
PROMOTE Study: Safety of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment During the Third Trimester by Labor and Delivery Outcomes
Authors: Hensel Kendi L. , Roane Brandy M. , Chaphekar Anita Vikas , Smith-Barbaro Peggy 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background: Few quality data exist on the safety of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) during pregnancy. The Pregnancy Research on Osteopathic Manipulation Optimizing Treatment Effects (PROMOTE) study was a randomized controlled clinical trial that studied the application of an OMT protocol to manage pain and dysfunction in pregnant patients during their third trimester.

Objective: To evaluate the safety of an OMT protocol applied during the third trimester of pregnancy by analyzing incidence of high-risk status and labor and delivery outcomes.

Methods: In the PROMOTE study, 400 pregnant patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 study groups: usual care plus OMT (OMT), usual care plus placebo ultrasound treatment (PUT), or usual care only (UCO). The incidence of high-risk status of participants and outcomes of labor and delivery, including length of labor, fever in mother during labor, operative vaginal delivery, conversion to cesarean delivery, need for forceps or vacuum device, need for episiotomy, incidence of perineal laceration, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and infants’ Apgar scores, were analyzed.

Results: Data from 380 participants were studied. High-risk status was less likely to develop in participants who received OMT (95% CI, 0.16-0.91; P=.03). The OMT protocol also did not increase risk of precipitous labor, operative vaginal delivery, conversion to cesarean delivery, need for forceps or vacuum device, need for episiotomy, incidence of perineal laceration, or meconium-stained amniotic fluid when compared with participants in the other 2 groups (P>.05). Of all other maternal outcomes examined, no difference was reported among the 3 treatment groups with the exception of incidence of prolonged labor in the OMT group. Participants receiving OMT had longer durations of labor than participants in the other groups (P=.002).

Conclusion: These results suggest that the OMT protocol given during the third trimester of pregnancy as applied in the PROMOTE study is safe with regard to labor and delivery outcomes. The increased duration in labor in the OMT group needs further study. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00426244)
Pregnancy Research on Osteopathic Manipulation Optimizing Treatment Effects: The PROMOTE Study Protocol
Authors: Hensel Kendi L. , Carnes Michael S. , Stoll Scott T. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The structural and physiologic changes in a woman’s body during pregnancy can predispose pregnant women to low back pain and its associated disability, as well as to complications of pregnancy, labor, and delivery. Anecdotal and empirical evidence has indicated that osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) may be efficacious in improving pain and functionality in women who are pregnant. Based on that premise, the Pregnancy Research on Osteopathic Manipulation Optimizing Treatment Effects (PROMOTE) study was designed as a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, and blinded clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of an OMT protocol for pain during third-trimester pregnancy. The OMT protocol developed for the PROMOTE study was based on physiologic theory and the concept of the interrelationship of structure and function. The 12 well-defined, standardized OMT techniques used in the protocol are commonly taught at osteopathic medical schools in the United States. These techniques can be easily replicated as a 20-minute protocol applied in conjunction with usual prenatal care, thus making it feasible to implement into clinical practice. This article presents an overview of the study design and treatment protocols used in the PROMOTE study.
Does Replacing Live Demonstration With Instructional Videos Improve Student Satisfaction and Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Examination Performance?
Authors: Seals Ryan , Gustowski Sharon M. , Kominski Carol , Li Feiming 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Context: Instructional videos for osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) are a potentially valuable resource for novice learners.

Objective: To evaluate student experiences and the effectiveness of instructional videos in lieu of live faculty demonstration in a second-year osteopathic manipulative medicine course.

Methods: Faculty created and produced written instructions and videos for selected Still and facilitated positional release techniques. These materials incorporated curricular design principles and psychomotor skills development strategies. During a second-year OMT skills laboratory session, students used the videos as the primary source for technique demonstration and instruction. Table trainers monitored and assisted students per their request or if errors were observed. Students completed surveys regarding their previous experiences in the OMT skills laboratory sessions (presession survey) and the video-based instructional one (postsession survey). One month after the survey, students were also asked to complete a postexamination survey. Student scores on the skills competency examination were compared with scores from the previous year.

Results: Of the 230 students, 162 (70%), 135 (59%), and 86 (37%) responded to the presession, postsession, and postexamination surveys, respectively. The majority of students indicated that the OMT videos helped them feel more prepared (98%) and more confident for their examination (78%), were a valuable addition to learning (97%), and would help increase confidence in using osteopathic manipulative medicine on patients (84%). Two-thirds of students indicated that the videos were superior to faculty demonstration from the stage. Compared with students from the previous year, no statistically significant improvement was noted on the total clinical competency examination scores.

Conclusion: The faculty-created videos for teaching OMT techniques did not improve scores on the clinical competency examination but had subjective benefits as part of the OMT laboratory sessions. Instructional videos can serve as an alternative to live demonstration to allow more time in the laboratory for assessment and feedback.
Outcomes-Oriented Medical Training: A Critical Curricular Design Consideration in Developing 21st Century Health Care Professionals
Authors: D’Agostino Darrin , Papa Frank J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The core competencies of medical schools and residencies have initiated a change in curricular design but have been limited in their execution of systems-based practice. The introduction of milestones and entrustable professional activities has emerged to enhance the current educational paradigm. Linking public health systemic approaches with evidence-based practices focused on population-level health care will affect patients more than current non–systems-based approaches. Curricular redesign, including population health–based strategies, public health competency, health care policy, and education linking the “determinants of health” to patient care, will better prepare future physicians to practice in the emerging paradigm of health care of the future. Thus, the University of North Texas Health Science Center Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine has launched a 3-phase model that addresses the specific foundational needs required to instantiate fundamental systems-based concepts in faculty, undergraduate medical curricula, and clinical practice.
Current-induced spin–orbit torque magnetization switching in a MnGa/Pt film with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Ranjbar Reza , Suzuki Kazuya Z. , Sasaki Yuta , Bainsla Lakhan , Mizukami Shigemi 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Current-induced magnetization switching is demonstrated in a micron sized Hall bar consisting of Pt-capped ultrathin ferrimagnetic MnGa films. The films showed a low magnetization M
s ≃ 150 kA/m and a large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) field

T, indicating a PMA thickness t product

mJ/m2, which is relatively larger than those reported for other material films with PMA. Magnetization switching induced by an in-plane electrical current was examined with the application of an in-plane magnetic field. The phase diagram of the switching current vs the in-plane magnetic field is qualitatively consistent with that of the torque due to the spin-Hall effect in the Pt layer.
Non-target effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on Common toad larvae (Bufo bufo, Amphibia) and associated algae are altered by temperature
Authors: Baier Fabian , Gruber Edith , Hein Thomas , Bondar-Kunze Elisabeth , Ivanković Marina , Mentler Axel , Brühl Carsten A. , Spangl Bernhard , Zaller Johann G. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundGlyphosate-based herbicides are the most widely used pesticides in agriculture, horticulture, municipalities and private gardens that can potentially contaminate nearby water bodies inhabited by amphibians and algae. Moreover, the development and diversity of these aquatic organisms could also be affected by human-induced climate change that might lead to more periods with extreme temperatures. However, to what extent non-target effects of these herbicides on amphibians or algae are altered by varying temperature is not well known.MethodsWe studied effects of five concentrations of the glyphosate-based herbicide formulation Roundup PowerFlex (0, 1.5, 3, 4 mg acid equivalent glyphosate L−1as a one time addition and a pulse treatment of totally 4 mg a.e. glyphosate L−1) on larval development of Common toads (Bufo bufo, L.; Amphibia: Anura) and associated algae communities under two temperature regimes (15 vs. 20 °C).ResultsHerbicide contamination reduced tail growth (−8%), induced the occurrence of tail deformations (i.e. lacerated or crooked tails) and reduced algae diversity (−6%). Higher water temperature increased tadpole growth (tail and body length (tl/bl) +66%, length-to-width ratio +4%) and decreased algae diversity (−21%). No clear relation between herbicide concentrations and tadpole growth or algae density or diversity was observed. Interactive effects of herbicides and temperature affected growth parameters, tail deformation and tadpole mortality indicating that the herbicide effects are temperature-dependent. Remarkably, herbicide-temperature interactions resulted in deformed tails in 34% of all herbicide treated tadpoles at 15 °C whereas no tail deformations were observed for the herbicide-free control at 15 °C or any tadpole at 20 °C; herbicide-induced mortality was higher at 15 °C but lower at 20 °C.DiscussionThese herbicide- and temperature-induced changes may have decided effects on ecological interactions in freshwater ecosystems. Although no clear dose-response effect was seen, the presence of glyphosate was decisive for an effect, suggesting that the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) in our study was 1.5 mg a.e. glyphosate L−1water. Overall, our findings also question the relevance of pesticide risk assessments conducted at standard temperatures.
The abundance of large, piscivorous Ferox Trout (Salmo trutta) in Loch Rannoch, Scotland
Authors: Thorne Alastair , MacDonald Alisdair I. , Thorley Joseph L. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundFerox Trout are large, long-lived piscivorous Brown Trout (Salmo trutta). Due to their exceptionally large size, Ferox Trout are highly sought after by anglers while their life-history strategy, which includes delayed maturation, multiphasic growth and extended longevity, is of interest to ecological and evolutionary modelers. However, despite their recreational and theoretical importance, little is known about the typical abundance of Ferox Trout.MethodsTo rectify this situation a 16 year angling-based mark-recapture study was conducted on Loch Rannoch, which at 19 km2is one of the largest lakes in the United Kingdom.ResultsA hierarchical Bayesian Jolly-Seber analysis of the data suggest that if individual differences in catchability are negligible the population of Ferox Trout in Loch Rannoch in 2009 was approximately 71 fish. The results also suggest that a single, often unaccompanied, highly-experienced angler was able to catch roughly 8% of the available fish on an annual basis.DiscussionIt is recommended that anglers adopt a precautionary approach and release all trout with a fork length ≥400 mm caught by trolling in Loch Rannoch. There is an urgent need to assess the status of Ferox Trout in other lakes.
Cancer Survivorship: New Challenge in Cancer Medicine
Authors: Rowland Julia H. 
Published: November 2016

OverviewAs the population of cancer survivors continues to increase, so too has attention to the long‐term care needs of these individuals after treatment ends. While most survivors adapt well post‐treatment, many experience lingering effects of their illness. In some cases, these effects become permanent and raise challenges to recovery and adaptation. In this chapter, we outline some of the common persistent sequelae of cancer and their management and review the emerging guidelines for survivorship care planning. Models of follow‐up care after cancer are discussed, along with the needs and support of informal cancer caregivers in this process. Recommendations for future directions in survivorship research and care are provided.
What's in a Name? The Impact of Fair Trade Claims on Product Price
Authors: Marconi Nicholas G. , Hooker Neal H. , DiMarcello Nicholas 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTAgribusinesses use credence claims reporting the sustainability of products and supply chains. One example, fair trade, relies on a diverse set of third party standards and certification organizations. Food marketing data are used to compare products launched between 1999 and 2013 in the coffee, tea, and chocolate categories. Out of 3,257 observations making a reference to fair trade, 2,745 were certified. The other items follow certain fair trade practices or support fair trade. Many products claim both fair trade and organic (congruent claim). Fairtrade Labeling Organizations – International (FLO‐I) certifiers dominate, but Fair Trade USA (breaking from FLO‐I in 2012) is important. A double hurdle hedonic regression model explores the relationship between claims and suggested retail price in the United States, Canada, and European Union over two periods (1999–2011 and 2012–2013). Two models are run, one aggregating non‐FLO‐I members and one accounting for each individual certifier. The models (first hurdle) are not able to identify factors explaining which products are certified. Results suggest (second hurdle) that after controlling for congruent claims, having a fair trade claim certified by certain third parties significantly raises the price (above an uncertified product). In particular FLO‐I certification leads to a higher price in all models in both periods. Conversely, there is a range of premia for non‐FLO‐I certifiers, not all statistically significant. Implications for stakeholders are advanced. [EconLit citations: D40, L15, L66].