bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der Heidelberger Health Score HHS 3.0
Authors: Weiß K. , Köppel M. , Ziesche S. , Huber G. 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Heidelberger Health Score (HHS 3.0) ist ein ökonomisches Instrument zur systematischen Identifikation
von Bedarfen, die mit dem Erhalt der Arbeitsfähigkeit von Menschen assoziiert sind. In der vorliegenden
Analyse sollen die Prädiktoren Unternehmen, Alter, Geschlecht und Tätigkeitsbereich auf ihren
Zusammenhang mit den im HHS 3.0 erhobenen Gesundheitsdimensionen untersucht werden. Hierbei zeigte sich,
dass insbesondere dem Arbeitsplatz eine wichtige Rolle in der Bewertung der Gesundheitsdimension zukommt.
Ferner zeigte sich ein über alle Dimensionen signifikanter negativer Zusammenhang zum Alter. Der
Prädiktor Geschlecht erreichte lediglich im Gesamtscore sowie in den Subdimensionen zur Gesundheitlichen
Ressourcensituation (GRS) und der Subdimension zum Allgemeinen Aktivitätsniveau statistische Signifikanz,
wobei Frauen ihren Gesundheitszustand in diesen Dimensionen kritischer einschätzen als Männer. Der
Tätigkeitsbereich (Produktion oder Verwaltung) hatte dabei keinen Einfluss auf die
Gesundheitsindikatoren.
Transfer eines neuen Ergonomie-Verständnisses in die Praxis eines Betrieblichen
Gesundheitsmanagements
Authors: Bartosch S. , Adomat S 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungIm betrieblichen Kontext spielt das Thema Ergonomie im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung und Erhaltung der
Gesundheit von Mitarbeitern für unterschiedliche Akteure eine subjektiv große Rolle. In diesem Beitrag
wird die notwendige Erweiterung und Veränderung des Blickes auf das Thema Ergonomie angedacht und eine
mögliche Umsetzung in die Praxis skizziert. Dieses Vorgehen des Umdenkens bildet nach unserer
Einschätzung die Basis für eine nachhaltige bio-psycho-soziale Intervention im Betriebe.
Otoskopie
Authors: Sengebusch Jürgen , Herzog Michael 
Published: August 2017

SummaryVor allem bei Kindern ist die Otoskopie (Ohrenspiegelung) eine äußerst wichtige Untersuchung. Sie ist angezeigt bei allen unklaren Schmerzzuständen im Bereich des Kopfes und der Ohren, aber auch bei grippalen Infekten und Infekten der Nasennebenhöhlen.
Pubertät und Adoleszenz aus Sicht der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin
Authors: Bohlayer Rainer 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungPubertät ist eine krisenhafte Zeit des Übergangs, in der sich Eltern und Jugendliche wechselseitig als „schwierig“ empfinden. Dieser Beitrag aus Sicht der TCM richtet den Blick auf Probleme und Entwicklungspotenziale dieser Altersphase. Die Energie der Wandlungsphase FEUER zerstört zunächst das Überlebte der Kindheit, um die Entfaltung von Geist und Bewusstsein, die „Selbst-Werdung“, zu ermöglichen.Die TCM begleitet Jugendliche hilfreich durch das Wildwasser der Pubertät mit seinen Klippen und Untiefen. Die eigene innere annehmende und wahrhaftige Haltung des Arztes in der Begegnung mit den Jugendlichen ist dafür die notwendige Basis. Er kann Eltern darin bestärken, eine Halt und Liebe gebende Einstellung zu bewahren und auf einen gelingenden Ausgang der Pubertät in ruhigerem Fahrwasser zu vertrauen.
Apis tanzt im Ensemble
Authors: Simon Andrea , Etter Andreas J 
Published: August 2017

Summary„Sepia tanzt allein“ heißt der Bildband von Andrea Simon und Andreas J. Etter. Er vereint Homöopathie, Tanz und Fotografie. DHZ-Redakteur Alphan Cicekten traf das Künstlerduo in einem lichtdurchfluteten Fotostudio in Mainz.
Advance directives and knowledge of future selves
Authors: Buford Christopher 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA number of concerns have been raised with respect to advance directives. Advance directives are intended to allow a person who is currently capable of giving informed consent to determine how they are to be treated at a later time at which they are not competent to give such consent. For example, an advance directive such as a living will might specify that should a patient face severe dementia, certain forms of treatment should not be provided if needed to prolong life. Or an individual might fill out a do-not-resuscitate order asking not to be revived in the event of a heart attack. This article discusses three distinct arguments that have been offered against the legitimacy of some or all advance directives. After laying out each argument, focus is given to a potential response to one of the arguments in particular, an argument labelled the “Ignorance Argument”. The argument contends that the potential application of any advance directive is plagued by a host of epistemic issues that are serious enough to hamper the very expression of autonomy advance directives are designed to allow for. A possible response to the argument is developed. The response suggests that the argument may place unduly severe constraints on the type of self-knowledge needed to underwrite the expression of a person’s autonomy through the creation of an advance directive. The response identifies some connections between the different arguments. An answer is also given to a recent criticism, offered by Eric Vogelstein (2016), which questions the existence of the type of autonomy needed to underwrite advance directives.
Cylindrical shock waves in rotational axisymmetric non-ideal dusty gas with increasing energy under the action of monochromatic radiation
Authors: Sahu P. K. 
Published: August 2017

The propagation of a cylindrical shock wave in a rotational axisymmetric non-ideal dusty gas under the action of monochromatic radiation with increasing energy, which has variable azimuthal and axial components of fluid velocity, is investigated. The dusty gas is assumed to be a mixture of non-ideal (or perfect) gas and small solid particles, in which solid particles are continuously distributed. Similarity solutions are obtained as well as the effects of the variation of the radiation parameters, the parameter of non-idealness of the gas, the mass concentration of solid particles in the mixture, the ratio of the density of solid particles to the initial density of the gas, and the piston velocity index are worked out in detail. The total energy of the shock wave is varying and increases with time. It is observed that the radiation parameter and the piston velocity index have opposite behaviour on the flow variables as well as the shock strength.
The author of the article agrees to the retraction of the article effective AUGUST 12, 2021.
Vertebrate-like CRYPTOCHROME 2 from monarch regulates circadian transcription via independent repression of CLOCK and BMAL1 activity
Authors: Zhang Ying , Markert Matthew J. , Groves Shayna C. , Hardin Paul E. , Merlin Christine 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Daily rhythms in animal behavior, physiology, and metabolism are driven by cell-autonomous mechanisms that keep time and control overt rhythms via transcriptional feedback loops, making it fundamental to define the mechanisms driving rhythmic transcription. In mammals, PERIOD and CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) rhythmically repress CLOCK:BMAL1 transcriptional activity, but the mechanisms by which CRY represses CLOCK:BMAL1 activity are not fully understood. Using CRISPR/Cas9 for in vivo genetic manipulations in the monarch, we show that repression of circadian transcription by vertebrate-like CRY is mediated primarily by a BMAL1 transactivation domain (TAD)-independent mechanism involving the CLK-PAS B domain, while repression on the BMAL1 TAD is dispensable for the generation of rhythms but alters circadian phase during the first day of constant darkness by affecting activation levels.
Mechanism of ion adsorption to aqueous interfaces: Graphene/water vs. air/water
Authors: McCaffrey Debra L. , Nguyen Son C. , Cox Stephen J. , Weller Horst , Alivisatos A. Paul , Geissler Phillip L. , Saykally Richard J. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The Gibbs free energy of adsorption of a prototypical anion to a graphene/water interface is determined by surface-sensitive spectroscopy and interpreted via molecular dynamics simulations to establish the adsorption mechanism, which is found to be qualitatively different from that operative for the air/water interface and probably representative of a general water/hydrophobe interface.
Topological impact of noncanonical DNA structures on Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase
Authors: Takahashi Shuntaro , Brazier John A. , Sugimoto Naoki 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Alterations in nonduplex structures could play roles during DNA replication in the progression of cancer and other intractable diseases. These noncanonical structures differ topologically from each other. However, the role of these differences in diseases remains unknown. In this study, we found that the presence of i-motif structures in the template caused the DNA polymerase to stall immediately before these structures. The i-motif structures are more efficient than other structures, such as G-quadruplexes and hairpins, although their thermodynamic stabilities are similar. This inhibition effect of the DNA polymerase was regulated by molecular crowding, which mimics conditions in the cell. Therefore, it is possible that the i-motif could impede DNA replication or repair and cause genomic instability.
Cellular cap-binding protein, eIF4E, promotes picornavirus genome restructuring and translation
Authors: Avanzino Brian C. , Fuchs Gabriele , Fraser Christopher S. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Picornaviruses translate their RNA genomes by a cap-independent mechanism that uses an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) to hijack the host translation machinery. The hepatitis A virus (HAV) and poliovirus (PV) IRESs contain binding sites for the eIF4G component of the cap-binding complex, eIF4F. The HAV IRES also requires eIF4E for efficient translation, but the reason for this is unknown. We now show that eIF4E increases the affinity of eIF4F for the HAV IRES and strongly stimulates the helicase activity of eIF4A. Remarkably, we show that PV IRES-mediated translation is also stimulated by eIF4E using the same mechanism of regulated eIF4F recruitment and helicase activity. This reveals an unexpected commonality in the mechanism that picornavirus IRESs use to recruit eIF4F.
Cell-type–specific inhibition of the dendritic plateau potential in striatal spiny projection neurons
Authors: Du Kai , Wu Yu-Wei , Lindroos Robert , Liu Yu , Rózsa Balázs , Katona Gergely , Ding Jun B. , Kotaleski Jeanette Hellgren 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Dendritic plateau potentials generated by the activation of clustered excitatory inputs play a crucial role in neuronal computation and are involved in sensory perception, learning, and memory. Current studies largely focus on the genesis of plateau potentials. However, little is known about how somatic and local dendritic inhibitions control dendritic plateau potentials. The conventional view of the effectiveness of local dendritic inhibition relies on shunting inhibition. Moreover, massive excitatory conductance could overweigh the shunting inhibition. Here we describe a form of cell-type–specific dendritic inhibition in the striatal spiny projection neurons, in which the inhibition provides precise control over the amplitude, kinetics, and duration of plateau potentials, and thus the spiking output of spiny projection neurons.
Band gap formation and Anderson localization in disordered photonic materials with structural correlations
Authors: Froufe-Pérez Luis S. , Engel Michael , Sáenz Juan José , Scheffold Frank 
Published: August 2017

Significance
It has been shown recently that disordered dielectrics can support a photonic band gap in the presence of structural correlations. This finding is surprising, because light transport in disordered media has long been exclusively associated with photon diffusion and Anderson localization. Currently, there exists no picture that may allow the classification of optical transport depending on the structural properties. Here, we make an important step toward solving this fundamental problem. Based on numerical simulations of transport statistics, we identify all relevant regimes in a 2D system composed of silicon rods: transparency, photon diffusion, classical Anderson localization, band gap, and a pseudogap tunneling regime. We summarize our findings in a transport phase diagram that organizes optical transport properties in disordered media.
Phenological synchronization disrupts trophic interactions between Kodiak brown bears and salmon
Authors: Deacy William W. , Armstrong Jonathan B. , Leacock William B. , Robbins Charles T. , Gustine David D. , Ward Eric J. , Erlenbach Joy A. , Stanford Jack A. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Climate change is altering the seasonal timing of biological events, effectively rescheduling the potential interactions among species. We know specialist consumers suffer when they fail to synchronize with their prey; however, little is known about how generalist consumers respond to phenological shifts across multiple food resources. This reshuffling may create novel temporal overlap between foods that were once separated in time. We examined how a generalist consumer, the Kodiak brown bear, responded when two key foods, red elderberry and sockeye salmon, became synchronized. Bears switched from eating salmon to elderberries, disrupting an ecological link that typically fertilizes terrestrial ecosystems and generates high mortality rates for salmon. These results demonstrate an underappreciated mechanism by which climate-altered phenologies can alter food webs.
Mechanisms of synaptic depression at the hair cell ribbon synapse that support auditory nerve function
Authors: Goutman Juan D. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Sensory systems use adaptation as a mechanism to enhance the range of responses to incoming stimuli. In the auditory system, the synapses between inner hair cells and dendrites of auditory nerve neurons have been pointed as the adaptation site. This synapse is responsible for converting graded acoustic signals into trains of action potentials. We present evidence showing that depletion of rapidly releasing vesicles produces an early depression of the synaptic response. Also, we observed that desensitization of postsynaptic receptors plays a fundamental role in synaptic decay. Stronger stimuli produce larger and longer lasting responses that are more profoundly affected by desensitization. Both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms contribute to depression at this synapse, imparting multiple features to auditory nerve function.
Numerous uncharacterized and highly divergent microbes which colonize humans are revealed by circulating cell-free DNA
Authors: Kowarsky Mark , Camunas-Soler Joan , Kertesz Michael , De Vlaminck Iwijn , Koh Winston , Pan Wenying , Martin Lance , Neff Norma F. , Okamoto Jennifer , Wong Ronald J. , Kharbanda Sandhya , El-Sayed Yasser , Blumenfeld Yair , Stevenson David K. , Shaw Gary M. , Wolfe Nathan D. , Quake Stephen R. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Through massive shotgun sequencing of circulating cell-free DNA from the blood of more than 1,000 independent samples, we identified hundreds of new bacteria and viruses which represent previously unidentified members of the human microbiome. Previous studies targeted specific niches such as feces, skin, or the oral cavity, whereas our approach of using blood effectively enables sampling of the entire body and reveals the colonization of niches which have been previously inaccessible. We were thus able to discover that the human body contains a vast and unexpected diversity of microbes, many of which have highly divergent relationships to the known tree of life.
Caterpillars lack a resident gut microbiome
Authors: Hammer Tobin J. , Janzen Daniel H. , Hallwachs Winnie , Jaffe Samuel P. , Fierer Noah 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceMicroorganisms residing within animal tissues as symbionts can be critically important to many aspects of animal biology. For example, the microbiomes of many insects, such as aphids, honeybees, and termites, can provide nutrients, deter pathogens, and help digest food. We examined whether caterpillars also engage in intimate microbial partnerships. Across a broad diversity of caterpillar species, we found that microbes in the gut are extremely low-abundance and predominantly leaf-derived, suggesting their transient nature. Furthermore, suppressing bacteria in tobacco hornworms (Manduca sexta) had no detectable effect on caterpillar growth or survival. With caterpillars as a prominent—but possibly not unique—example of relative autonomy, the degree of reliance on microbes is an underappreciated yet likely important dimension of animal biodiversity.
Evidence for cue-independent spatial representation in the human auditory cortex during active listening
Authors: Higgins Nathan C. , McLaughlin Susan A. , Rinne Teemu , Stecker G. Christopher 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceIndividuals determine horizontal sound location based on precise calculations of sound level and sound timing differences at the two ears. Although these cues are processed independently at lower levels of the auditory system, their cortical processing remains poorly understood. This study seeks to address two key questions. (i) Are these cues integrated to form a cue-independent representation of space? (ii) How does active listening to sound location alter cortical response to these cues? We use functional brain imaging to address these questions, demonstrating that cue responses overlap in the cortex, that voxel patterns from one cue can predict the other cue and vice versa, and that active spatial listening enhances cortical responses independently of specific features of the sound.
Coevolutionary arms race versus host defense chase in a tropical herbivore–plant system
Authors: Endara María-José , Coley Phyllis D. , Ghabash Gabrielle , Nicholls James A. , Dexter Kyle G. , Donoso David A. , Stone Graham N. , Pennington R. Toby , Kursar Thomas A. 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceAlthough plants and their herbivores account for most of macroscopic, terrestrial biodiversity, we do not fully understand the evolutionary origins of this high diversity. Coevolutionary theory proposes that adaptations between plants and their herbivores are reciprocal and that their interactions might have driven diversification and community composition. Contrary to this scenario of defense and counterdefense, we find an apparent asymmetry in the interactions between plants and herbivores. Specifically, despite the evolutionary constraints of long lifetimes for trees, plant–antiherbivore defenses may be more evolutionarily labile than herbivore adaptations to their hosts, allowing long-lived plant species to persist in the arms race with their insect herbivores. In contrast, herbivores may be evolutionarily “chasing” plants, feeding on species for which they have preadaptations.
Hydrodynamic and entropic effects on colloidal diffusion in corrugated channels
Authors: Yang Xiang , Liu Chang , Li Yunyun , Marchesoni Fabio , Hänggi Peter , Zhang H. P. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
When a particle diffuses in a corrugated channel, the channel’s boundaries have a twofold effect of limiting the configuration space accessible to the particle and increasing its hydrodynamic drag. Analytical and numerical approaches well-reproduce the former (entropic) effect, while ignoring the latter (hydrodynamic) effect. Here, we experimentally investigate nonadvective colloidal diffusion in channels with periodically varying width. While validating the current theory for channels much wider than the particle radius, we show that, in narrow channels, hydrodynamic and entropic effects can be equally strong and that hydrodynamic effects can be incorporated into existing descriptions by using an experimentally measured diffusivity. These results significantly advance our understanding of diffusive transport in confined geometries, such as in ionic channels and nanopores.
Covariations in ecological scaling laws fostered by community dynamics
Authors: Zaoli Silvia , Giometto Andrea , Maritan Amos , Rinaldo Andrea 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Empirical laws portraying patterns in ecology are routinely observed in marine and terrestrial environments. Such patterns are recurrent but also show features that are distinctive of each ecosystem. For example, the number of species in an ecosystem increases with its area according to a well-defined mathematical law, but the rate of increase may vary across different ecosystem types. We show that different ecological patterns are linked to each other in a way that if one is changed, the others are affected as well. We verify our predictions on available empirical datasets and unravel yet unknown features of natural ecosystems, suggesting directions for empirical research.
On transient climate change at the Cretaceous−Paleogene boundary due to atmospheric soot injections
Authors: Bardeen Charles G. , Garcia Rolando R. , Toon Owen B. , Conley Andrew J. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
A mass extinction occurred at the Cretaceous−Paleogene boundary coincident with the impact of a 10-km asteroid in the Yucatán peninsula. A worldwide layer of soot found at the boundary is consistent with global fires. Using a modern climate model, we explore the effects of this soot and find that it causes near-total darkness that shuts down photosynthesis, produces severe cooling at the surface and in the oceans, and leads to moistening and warming of the stratosphere that drives extreme ozone destruction. These conditions last for several years, would have caused a collapse of the global food chain, and would have contributed to the extinction of species that survived the immediate effects of the asteroid impact.
Characterization of lignocellulose particles during lignocellulose solubilization by Clostridium thermocellum
Authors: Ichikawa Shunsuke , Nishida Ayami , Yasui Saori , Karita Shuichi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Clostridium thermocellum is a candidate bacterium for lignocellulose utilization due to its efficient lignocellulose solubilization ability. It has been reported that C. thermocellum efficiently degrades purified cellulose substrates, but cannot completely degrade milled lignocellulose powders. Evaluation of cellulose and hemicellulose contents in a lignocellulose residue after the cultivation of C. thermocellum indicated that C. thermocellum degraded cellulose and hemicellulose equally. Microscopic observations demonstrated that C. thermocellum significantly degraded small-sized lignocellulose particles, but it only partially degraded the larger sized particles. The lignin content of the large-sized particles was higher than that of the small particles. The remained large-sized particles included vascular tissues. These results suggest that the lignified structures such as vascular tissues in milled lignocellulose were less susceptible to bacterial lignocellulose solubilization.
Emodin extends lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway depending on DAF-16 and SIR-2.1
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Lu Lulu , Qi Yonghao , Li Miao , Zhou Lijun 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The naturally occurring anthraquinone emodin has been serving primarily as an anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. However, little is known about its potential on anti-aging. This investigation examined the effect of emodin on lifespan and focused on its physiological molecular mechanisms in vivo. Using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as an animal model, we found emodin could extend lifespan of worms and improve their antioxidant capacity. Our mechanistic studies revealed that emodin might function via insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway involving, specifically the core transcription factor DAF-16. Quantitative RT-PCR results illustrated that emodin up-regulated transcription of DAF-16 target genes which express antioxidants to promote antioxidant capacity and lifespan of worms. In addition, attenuated effect in sir-2.1 mutants suggests that emodin likely functioned in a SIR-2.1-dependent manner. Our study uncovers a novel role of emodin in prolonging lifespan and supports the understanding of emodin being a beneficial dietary supplement.