bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Finite Layer Formulation for Groundwater Flow to Horizontal Wells
Authors: Xu Jin , Wang Xudong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA finite layer approach for the general problem of three‐dimensional (3D) flow to horizontal wells in multilayered aquifer systems is presented, in which the unconfined flow can be taken into account. The flow is approximated by an integration of the standard finite element method in vertical direction and the analytical techniques in the other spatial directions. Because only the vertical discretization is involved, the horizontal wells can be completely contained in one specific nodal plane without discretization. Moreover, due to the analytical eigenfunctions introduced in the formulation, the weighted residual equations can be decoupled, and the formulas for the global matrices and flow vector corresponding to horizontal wells can be obtained explicitly. Consequently, the bandwidth of the global matrices and computational cost rising from 3D analysis can be significantly reduced. Two comparisons to the existing solutions are made to verify the validity of the formulation, including transient flow to horizontal wells in confined and unconfined aquifers. Furthermore, an additional numerical application to horizontal wells in three‐layered systems is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the present method in modeling flow in more complex aquifer systems.
Analysis of Gastric Microbiota by Pyrosequencing: Minor Role of Bacteria Other Than Helicobacter pylori in the Gastric Carcinogenesis
Authors: Jo Hyun Jin , Kim Jaeyeon , Kim Nayoung , Park Ji Hyun , Nam Ryoung Hee , Seok Yeong‐Jae , Kim Yeon‐Ran , Kim Joo Sung , Kim Jung Mogg , Kim Jung Min , Lee Dong Ho , Jung Hyun Chae 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the role of gastric microbiota except for Helicobacter pylori (HP) in human health and disease. We compared the differences of human gastric microbiota according to gastric cancer or control and HP infection status and assessed the role of bacteria other than HP.MethodsGastric microbiota of 63 antral mucosal and 18 corpus mucosal samples were analyzed by bar‐coded 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Antral samples were divided into four subgroups based on HP positivity in pyrosequencing and the presence of cancer. The analysis was focused on bacteria other than HP, especially nitrosating or nitrate‐reducing bacteria (NB). The changes of NB in antral mucosa of 16 subjects were followed up.ResultsThe number of NB other than HP (non‐HP‐NB) was two times higher in the cancer groups than in the control groups, but it did not reach statistical significance. The number of non‐HP‐NB tends to increase over time, but this phenomenon was prevented by HP eradication in the HP‐positive control group, but not in the HP‐positive cancer group.ConclusionWe could not find the significant role of bacteria other than HP in the gastric carcinogenesis.
How are UK Academics Engaging the Public with their Research? A Cross‐Disciplinary Perspective
Authors: Chikoore Lesley , Probets Steve , Fry Jenny , Creaser Claire 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper takes a cross‐disciplinary perspective in examining the views and practices of public engagement with research by UK academics. Using a mixed method approach consisting of a survey questionnaire and interviews, the paper identifies the range of audience groups that can potentially be engaged with by academics, and shows that some audiences are more relevant to particular disciplinary groups than others. The paper also identifies the various public engagement activities undertaken by academics and finds that some academics are using creative ways of engaging the public, such as using the services of public relations firms to help in disseminating their research in traditional media outlets, and also by using social media. Essentially, the study reveals that some academics feel the pressure of engaging particular audiences at the expense of those that are relevant to them and that, academics in the main, are opposed to the notion of mandating public engagement as part of appraisal systems.
Mutually exclusive extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathway mutations are present in different stages of multi‐focal pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis supporting clonal nature of the disease
Authors: Kamionek Michal , Ahmadi Moghaddam Parnian , Sakhdari Ali , Kovach Alexandra E , Welch Matthew , Meng Xiuling , Dresser Karen , Tomaszewicz Keith , Cosar Ediz F , Mark Eugene J , Fraire Armando E , Hutchinson Lloyd 
Published: February 2016

AimsPulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is an idiopathic cigarette smoking‐related disorder of the lung. Molecular changes in cellular or fibrotic stages of PLCH have not been investigated. We studied the prevalence of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway mutations in different PLCH stages and other non‐PLCH smoking‐related lung diseases.Methods and resultsThe cohort included 28 PLCH with cellular (n = 10), mixed cellular/fibrotic (n = 4) and fibrotic histology (n = 14). Seven cases had concurrent multi‐focal/multi‐lobar tumours. Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease (RB‐ILD, n = 2), desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP, n = 4) and mixed RB‐ILD/DIP (n = 2) were included for comparison. BRAFV600Eimmunohistochemistry, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamp polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with high analytical sensitivity (<0.1–0.2%) were used to analyse RAS, BRAF and MAP2K1 genes. Of 26 cases with gene mutation data, BRAFV600E was identified in eight of 12 (67%) cellular cases and in one of 14 (7%) fibrotic cases. MAP2K1 or KRAS mutations were observed in four of 14 (29%) fibrotic cases and three of the 12 (25%) cellular cases. Multi‐focal/multi‐lobar specimens carried identical BRAF (n = 5) or non‐hotspot MAP2K1 (n = 2) mutations. The other smoking‐related disorders were negative for mutations. Patients with cellular lesions or BRAF mutation were significantly younger than patients with fibrotic or BRAF wild‐type PLCH.ConclusionThe presence of identical but mutually exclusive ERK pathway mutations in multi‐focal PLCH supports a neoplastic/clonal origin for this disease. Patient age and mutation type differed between cellular and fibrotic histology and may indicate a natural progression or a mutation‐specific pathogenicity.
Identification of adenosine deaminase inhibitors from Tofu wastewater and litchi peel and their synergistic anticancer and antibacterial activities with cordycepin
Authors: Ni He , Li Yue‐Hong , Hao Rui‐Lin , Li Hui , Hu Song‐Qing , Li Hai‐Hang 
Published: February 2016

SummaryAdenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitors regulate cellular levels of adenosine and deoxyadenosine and can be used as anti‐inflammatory and anticancer drugs or degradation inhibitors of adenosine drugs. Screening of natural ADA inhibitors indicated crude extracts from Tofu wastewater and litchi peel showed strong ADA inhibition. Genistin, genistein and daidzein from Tofu wastewater and cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside from litchi peel were purified with simple processes and identified as ADA inhibitors. Structure–activity investigation indicated genistein and cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside had high ADA inhibition at IC50 of 0.4 and 0.6 mg mL−1, respectively. Genistein and cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside showed synergistic anticancer and antibacterial activities with cordycepin. Docking simulation suggested that genistein and cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside can enter into ADA active site, bind with its functional amino acids through H‐bonds and competitively inhibit the enzyme. This work indicated the extracts from Tofu wastewater and litchi peel, and their active flavonoids from food processing wasters can be used as health food.
HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies of 8333 Chinese Han from the Zhejiang province, China
Authors: He Y. , Zhang W. , Chen N. , Wang W. , He J. , Han Z. , Tao S. , Dong L. , He J. , Zhu F. , Lv H. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe distribution of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) allele and haplotype is varied among different ethnic populations. In this study, HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies were determined in 8333 volunteer bone marrow donors of Zhejiang Han population using the polymerase chain reaction sequence‐based typing. A total of 52 HLA‐A, 96 HLA‐B and 61 HLA‐DRB1 alleles were found. Of these, the top three frequent alleles in HLA‐A, HLA‐B and HLA‐DRB1 loci, respectively, were A*11:01 (24.53%), A*24:02 (17.35%), A*02:01 (11.58%); B*40:01 (15.67%), B*46:01 (11.87%), B*58:01 (9.05%); DRB1*09:01 (17.54%),DRB1*12:02 (9.64%) and DRB1*08:03 (8.65%). A total of 171 A‐B‐DRB1 haplotypes with a frequency of >0.1% were presented and the five most common haplotypes were A*33:03‐B*58:01‐ DRB1*03:01, A*02:07‐B*46:01‐DRB1*09:01, A*30:01‐B*13:02‐DRB1*07:01, A*33:03‐B*58:01‐RB1*13:02 and A*11:01‐B*15:02‐DRB1*12:02. The information will be useful for selecting unrelated bone marrow donors and for anthropology studies and pharmacogenomics analysis.
The association among skeletal muscle phosphocreatine recovery, adiposity, and insulin resistance in children
Authors: Wells Greg D. , Banks Laura , Caterini Jessica E. , Thompson Sara , Noseworthy Michael D. , Rayner Tammy , Syme Catriona , McCrindle Brian W. , Hamilton Jill 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundObesity is associated with cardiometabolic disturbances, which may have significant implications for musculoskeletal health and exercise tolerance.ObjectiveWe sought to determine the association between muscle structure, function, and metabolism in adolescents across the weight spectrum.MethodsThis cross‐sectional case–control study included overweight and obese participants (n = 24) 8–18 years of age with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile for age and gender, and non‐obese participants (n = 24) with a BMI < 85th percentile. Body composition, physical activity, peak aerobic capacity, cardiometabolic blood markers and insulin resistance (measured by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA‐IR), skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity (via 31Phosphorous‐Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 31P‐MRS, to assess phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery after exercise), and extramyocellular and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) levels (via 1Hydrogen‐MRS) were assessed. Stepwise regression was performed to examine the factors associated with oxidative capacity.Resultsbese and overweight patients had similar age, height, and physical activity to non‐obese controls, but obese and overweight participants exhibited higher insulin resistance. Obese and overweight participants had longer PCr recovery than non‐obese controls following 5x30s of moderate‐intensity exercise (51.2 ± 20.1 s vs. 23.9 ± 7.5 s, p = 0.004). In univariate correlation analysis, impaired PCr recovery was associated with a higher BMI z‐score (rs = 0.51, p < 0.001), circulating triglycerides (rs = 0.41, p = 0.005), and HOMA‐IR (rs = 0.46, p = 0.001). In stepwise multivariate regression analysis, impaired PCr recovery was associated with a higher BMI z‐score (β = 0.47, p = 0.002), but not insulin resistance (β = 0.07, p = 0.07) or circulating triglycerides (β = 0.16 p = 0.33).ConclusionA slower phosphocreatine recovery following aerobic exercise is strongly associated with increasing adiposity. A slower metabolic recovery following aerobic exercise stress suggests that endurance exercise training in obese adolescents may be an optimal strategy to target exercise intolerance in this cohort.
Provision of travel medicine advice through community pharmacies: assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices of pharmacists in Malaysia
Authors: Taha Nur Akmar , See Yee Lian 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Objectives
The risk for travel-related illnesses has increased with significant growth in international travel, but very few travellers seek travel advice. Community pharmacists can play a vital role in the provision of travel medicine advice due to their accessibility. This study aimed to assess travel medicine knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among community pharmacists in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Methods
A self-administered KAP questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample of pharmacists in Kuala Lumpur identified from the list of licensed community pharmacists in Malaysia year 2014.

Key findings
Questionnaires were returned by 111 pharmacists of 143 distributed (response rate, 78%). Most of the respondents (82%) were not trained in travel medicine. Overall, mean knowledge score was 4.4 ( ± 1.7), indicating a moderate level of knowledge on a variety of travel-related health issues. Community pharmacists who graduated from foreign universities possessed significantly higher knowledge scores than did those who graduated locally (P &lt; 0.05). The majority had a positive attitude towards travel medicine. A vast majority provided travel medicine advice mainly to adults who travel as tourists, and the primary travel advice given was on traveller’s diarrhoea.

Conclusion
There are gaps in the knowledge and practice of travel medicine among Malaysian pharmacists. Positive attitudes of pharmacists towards travel medicine and appropriate interventions, such as incorporation of travel medicine in local pharmacy curricula, continuous pharmacy education or certified training may improve the quality of travel advice given and allow pharmacists to be recognised as a credible source of information on travel medicine.
Assessment of tick antioxidant responses to exogenous oxidative stressors and insight into the role of catalase in the reproductive fitness of the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum
Authors: Kumar D. , Budachetri K. , Meyers V. C. , Karim S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAs obligate blood‐sucking ectoparasites, to avoid tissue damage, ticks must neutralize the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from uptake and digestion of a bloodmeal. Consequently, ticks utilize a battery of antioxidant molecules, including catalase (CAT), an enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen. Here, we investigated the tick antioxidant machinery by exogenous injection of sublethal doses of H2O2 or paraquat. The relative transcript levels of selected Amblyomma maculatum antioxidant targets in tissues were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR following treatment. The results showed 2–16‐fold increases in target antioxidant gene transcripts, signifying the ability of Am. maculatum to regulate its antioxidant machinery when exposed to increased ROS levels. Next, RNA interference was used to determine the functional role of CAT in haematophagy, redox homeostasis and reproductive fitness. CAT gene silencing was confirmed by transcript depletion within tick tissues; however, CAT knockdown alone did not interfere with tick haematophagy or phenotype, as confirmed by the resulting differential expression of antioxidant genes, thereby indicating an alternative mechanism for ROS control. Interestingly, double stranded RNA of CAT gene (dsCAT) and the CAT inhibitor, 3‐aminotriazole, together reduced tick reproductive fitness via a marked reduction in egg mass and larval eclosion rates, highlighting a role for CAT in tick redox‐homeostasis, making it a potential target for tick control.
The Effect of Diversification on Tail Risk: Evidence from US Equity Mutual Fund Portfolios
Authors: Xu Simon , Hwang Inchang , In Francis 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of diversification on the tail risk of US equity mutual fund portfolios by utilizing classical higher‐moment measures and robust tail weight measures. Empirical results show that market standard portfolios based on the mean‐variance framework are exposed to greater tail risk than benchmark portfolios are and diversification further intensifies this exposure.
An improved mixed integer program for single allocation hub location problems with stepwise cost function
Authors: Meier J. Fabian 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecently, a new model for the uncapacitated single allocation p‐hub median problem was defined, which uses a more realistic cost structure. Instead of measuring the transport costs as a linear function of the volume, integer variables for the number of used vehicles are introduced. This leads to a more precise model if the number of vehicles is low and capacity utilization plays a major role. We will introduce a new mixed integer program formulation of the problem that uses fewer variables but more constraints. This study shows its numerical advantages.
Nocturia and prevalence of erectile dysfunction in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Dogo Study
Authors: Furukawa Shinya , Sakai Takenori , Niiya Tetsuji , Miyaoka Hiroaki , Miyake Teruki , Yamamoto Shin , Maruyama Koutatsu , Tanaka Keiko , Ueda Teruhisa , Senba Hidenori , Torisu Masamoto , Minami Hisaka , Onji Morikazu , Tanigawa Takeshi , Matsuura Bunzo , Hiasa Yoichi , Miyake Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionSeveral epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between nocturia and erectile dysfunction (ED). Yet only limited evidence exists regarding the association between nocturia and ED among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, although nocturia and ED are common among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Material and MethodsStudy participants were 332 male Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged 19–70 years, who had undergone blood tests at our institutions. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect information on the variables under study. Adjustment was made for age, body mass index, hypertension, stroke, ischemic heart disease, glycated hemoglobin and diabetic neuropathy. ED, moderate to severe ED and severe ED were defined as present when a participant had a Sexual Health Inventory for Men score <22, <12 and <8, respectively. Study participants were considered to have nocturia if they answered ‘once or more’ to the question: ‘Within 1 week, how many times do you typically wake up to urinate from sleeping at night until waking in the morning?’ResultsThe prevalence of nocturia was 79.8%. Nocturia was independently positively associated with ED and moderate to severe ED: the adjusted odds ratios were 7.86 (95% confidence interval 2.11–33.56) and 2.17 (95% confidence interval 1.16–4.12), respectively. The positive association between nocturia and severe ED fell just short of significance.ConclusionsIn Japanese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus, nocturia might be associated with ED and moderate to severe ED.
Testing for a genetic response to sexual selection in a wild Drosophila population
Authors: Gosden T. P. , Thomson J. R. , Blows M. W. , Schaul A. , Chenoweth S. F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn accordance with the consensus that sexual selection is responsible for the rapid evolution of display traits on macroevolutionary scales, microevolutionary studies suggest sexual selection is a widespread and often strong form of directional selection in nature. However, empirical evidence for the contemporary evolution of sexually selected traits via sexual rather than natural selection remains weak. In this study, we used a novel application of quantitative genetic breeding designs to test for a genetic response to sexual selection on eight chemical display traits from a field population of the fly, Drosophila serrata. Using our quantitative genetic approach, we were able to detect a genetically based difference in means between groups of males descended from fathers who had either successfully sired offspring or were randomly collected from the same wild population for one of these display traits, the diene (Z,Z)‐5,9‐C27 : 2. Our experimental results, in combination with previous laboratory studies on this system, suggest that both natural and sexual selection may be influencing the evolutionary trajectories of these traits in nature, limiting the capacity for a contemporary evolutionary response.
Dynamics of piscine francisellosis differs amongst tilapia species (Oreochromis spp.) in a controlled challenge with Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis
Authors: Klinger‐Bowen R , Tamaru C , McGovern‐Hopkins K , Li Y , Sithole F , Kearney M T , Francis S , Soto E 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA 25‐week immersion challenge was conducted exposing Oreochromis mossambicus, Oreochromis aureus and Oreochromis urolepis hornorum to Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno). Two populations were compared for each fish species; ‘resident fish’ were defined as fish maintained in tanks since week 0 of challenge, whereas ‘naïve fish’ were defined as fish added to tanks once temperature in water reached <26 °C at 21 weeks post‐challenge. Fno genome equivalents (GEs) in water were similar in all treatments 1 h post‐challenge; however, significantly lower Fno GEs were detected 2 weeks post‐challenge in all tanks, and the only treatment with detectable Fno GE after 4 weeks of challenge were the O. mossambicus tanks. Twenty‐one weeks post‐challenge, naïve fish were stocked with ‘resident’ cohorts. Over a 4‐week period, mortalities occurred consistently only in O. mossambicus naïve cohorts. Overall presence of granulomas in spleen of survivors was similar (>55%) in all resident populations; however, in naïve populations, only O. mossambicus presented granulomas. Similarly, only O. mossambicus presented viable Fno in the spleen of survivors, and Fno GEs were only detected in O. mossambicus, and in resident O. aureus. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest different susceptibility of tilapia species to piscine francisellosis.
Louis Sokoloff (1921–2015)
Authors: Agranoff Bernard W. 
Published: February 2016

imageThis is an obituary to Louis Sokoloff (1921–2015), an outstanding neurochemist and neuroscientist, whose groundbreaking work on the use of [14C]deoxyglucose in brain imaging was a milestone among many achievements throughout his career. Picture taken by the author, June 1974, Ann Arbor.
Gonadotrophin‐Inhibitory Hormone in the Cichlid Fish Cichlasoma dimerus: Structure, Brain Distribution and Differential Effects on the Secretion of Gonadotrophins and Growth Hormone
Authors: Di Yorio M. P. , Pérez Sirkin D. I. , Delgadin T. H. , Shimizu A. , Tsutsui K. , Somoza G. M. , Vissio P. G. 
Published: February 2016

The role of gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in the inhibition of the reproductive axis has been well‐established in birds and mammals. However, its role in other vertebrates, such as the teleost fish, remains controversial. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate whether GnIH modulates the release of gonadotrophins and growth hormone (GH) in the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus. First, we partially sequenced the precursor polypeptide for GnIH and identified three putative GnIH peptides. Next, we analysed the expression of this precursor polypeptide via a polymerase chain reaction in the reproductive axis of both sexes. We found a high expression of the polypeptide in the hypothalamus and gonads of males. Immunocytochemistry allowed the observation of GnIH‐immunoreactive somata in the nucleus posterioris periventricularis and the nucleus olfacto‐retinalis, with no differences between the sexes. GnIH‐immunoreactive fibres were present in all brain regions, with a high density in the nucleus lateralis tuberis and at both sides of the third ventricle. Finally, we performed in vitro studies on intact pituitary cultures to evaluate the effect of two doses (10−6 m and 10−8 m) of synthetic C. dimerus (cd‐) LPQRFa‐1 and LPQRFa‐2 on the release of gonadotrophins and GH. We observed that cd‐LPQRFa‐1 decreased β‐luteinising hormone (LH) and β‐follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and also increased GH release to the culture medium. The release of β‐FSH was increased only when it was stimulated with the higher cd‐LPQRFa‐2 dose. The results of the present study indicate that cd‐LPQRFa‐1, the cichlid fish GnIH, inhibits β‐LH and β‐FSH release and stimulates GH release in intact pituitary cultures of C. dimerus. The results also show that cd‐LPQRF‐2 could act as an β‐FSH‐releasing factor in this fish species.