bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counselling for people affected by cancer: The impact outside a healthcare setting
Authors: Banks Tim , Pearce Sioned , French Helen , Lloyd Ann‐Marie , Lewis Ian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesStudy objectives were to measure the impact of counselling for people affected by cancer outside a national or private healthcare setting, such as a hospital or clinic, following treatment, and shed light on the nuances of this by gender, age and cancer status.MethodsCORE‐10 was used to measure psychological distress among a practice‐based sample affected by cancer including a comparator group of those who had not yet received counselling.SettingThe study was conducted in counselling offices outside a clinical or healthcare setting, both in terms of physical infrastructure and in terms of funding mechanisms.ParticipantsA total of 158 participants were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: completion of a full set of CORE‐10, having completed six sessions of counselling at the time of analysis.ResultsResults show psychological distress improves for all receiving counselling outside a national or private healthcare setting according to the CORE‐10 scores. Those ‘affected by cancer’ are initially more distressed and benefit more from counselling than ‘cancer patients’. In comparison with females, male comparator group scores increase (gets worse) between ‘assessment’ and ‘first’ counselling session, before they have received any counselling.ConclusionsThe article concludes that counselling ‘outside’ a healthcare setting appears to be beneficial to anyone diagnosed or affected by cancer. Benefits vary by demographic group and exploring the meaning behind variations requires further, qualitative, investigation.
Ethical social justice: Do the ends justify the means?
Authors: Liang Belle , Chung Agnes , Diamonti Alfred‐John , Douyon Christina M. , Gordon Jena R. , Joyner Emily D. , Meerkins Tera M. , Rene Kirsten M. , Sienkiewicz Stephanie‐Ann , Weber Amanda , White Allison E. , Wilson Eva S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article offers an ethical decision‐making model, informed by community psychology values, as a means for guiding psychologists when engaging in social justice‐oriented work. The applicability of this model is demonstrated through a case analysis elucidating how America's psychologists individually and collectively arrived at the decision to endorse torture—ostensibly as a means for preventing terrorism. Critics have wondered how the American Psychological Association succumbed to these involvements, and how to prevent such ethical lapses in the future. Unfortunately, the American Psychological Association's ethical codes fail to provide explicit guidance for psychologists' involvement in social justice work that impacts communities and systems. To address this gap, we present a values‐driven, ethical decision‐making framework that may be used to guide psychologists' future practices. This framework infuses fundamental community psychology values (i.e., caring and compassion; health; self‐determination and participation, human diversity, social justice; and critical reflexivity) into a 9‐step model.
Self‐Supported Worm‐like PdAg Nanoflowers as Efficient Electrocatalysts towards Ethylene Glycol Oxidation
Authors: Xu Hui , Yan Bo , Zhang Ke , Wang Jin , Li Shumin , Wang Caiqin , Xiong Zhiping , Shiraishi Yukihide , Du Yukou 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAdvancing the intrinsic catalytic performances of electrocatalysts is believed to be an efficient approach for alleviating the energy crisis and environmental pollution. However, many drawbacks of the newly established catalysts such as large size, poor corrosion resistance, and anti‐poisoning make them exhibit limited electrocatalytic performances. To address these challenges, we herein embody the advantages of both composition and morphology to successfully fabricate self‐supported worm‐like PdAg nanoflowers (PdAg NFs) with the assistance of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Such special PdAg NFs with a high active surface area of 42.36 m2 g−1 display much better electrocatalytic performances with mass and specific activities of 5545 mA mg−1 and 12.82 mA cm−2 towards ethylene glycol oxidation, which are 6.9 and 2.1 times higher than that of commercial Pd/C, respectively. Our efforts in this work may open up a new way to maximize the electrocatalytic performance of catalysts by designing and adjusting their morphologies. We also trust that the electrocatalysts fabricated in this work can be applied as potential anodic catalysts and beyond.
Tris(2,4,6‐trifluorophenyl)borane: An Efficient Hydroboration Catalyst
Authors: Lawson James R. , Wilkins Lewis C. , Melen Rebecca L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe metal‐free catalyst tris(2,4,6‐trifluorophenyl)borane has demonstrated its extensive applications in the 1,2‐hydroboration of numerous unsaturated reagents, namely alkynes, aldehydes and imines, consisting of a wide array of electron‐withdrawing and donating functionalities. A range of over 50 borylated products are reported, with many reactions proceeding with low catalyst loading under ambient conditions. These pinacol boronate esters, in the case of aldehydes and imines, can be readily hydrolyzed to leave the respective alcohol and amine, whereas alkynyl substrates result in vinyl boranes. This is of great synthetic use to the organic chemist.
Dehydrogenation of Isobutane to Isobutene with Carbon Dioxide over SBA‐15‐Supported Chromia‐Ceria Catalysts
Authors: Wei Chunling , Xue Fangqi , Miao Changxi , Yue Yinghong , Yang Weimin , Hua Weiming , Gao Zi 
Published: July 2017

A series of SBA‐15‐supported chromia‐ceria catalysts with 3% Cr and 1%–5% Ce (3Cr‐Ce/SBA) were prepared using an incipient wetness impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption, SEM, TEM‐EDX, Raman spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, XPS and H2‐TPR, and their catalytic performance for isobutane dehydrogenation with CO2 was tested. The addition of ceria to SBA‐15‐supported chromia improves the dispersion of chromium species. 3Cr‐Ce/SBA catalysts are more active than SBA‐15‐supported chromia (3Cr/SBA), which is due to a higher concentration of Cr6+ species present on the former catalysts. The 3Cr‐3Ce/SBA catalyst shows the highest activity, which gives 35.4% isobutane conversion and 89.6% isobutene selectivity at 570 °C after 10 min of the reaction.
Die Chemie des Fußballs – Eine fächerübergreifende Unterrichtsreihe über Natur‐ und Kunststoffe in Trikots und Fußbällen
Authors: Kern Katharina , Hornung Gabriele 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEin Ziel schulischer Ausbildung ist es, Schülerinnen und Schüler auf das gesellschaftliche Leben vorzubereiten. Die wachsende Komplexität wissenschaftlicher Fragestellungen, der sich unsere Gesellschaft stellen muss, verlangt nach Unterrichtsinhalten und ‐konzepten, die interdisziplinäre Lösungsansätze fordern. Dies kann Fachunterricht allein nicht leisten. Mit fächerübergreifendem Unterricht bietet sich eine Möglichkeit, komplexe wissenschaftliche Fragestellungen über fachliche Grenzen hinaus zu bearbeiten. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt eine fächerübergreifende Unterrichtsreihe in Chemie und Sport, bei der über die Verbindung beider Fächer Motivation und Interesse für chemische Lerninhalte geweckt werden kann. Den Schülerinnen und Schülern wird hierbei ermöglicht, ihr Wissen über Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Beziehungen verschiedener Natur‐ und Kunststoffe auf alltägliche Sportgegenstände anzuwenden. Der dazu für das Verständnis notwendige Perspektivenwechsel von der makro‐ auf die submikroskopische Ebene wird durch selbst entworfene Modelle unterstützt und gefördert. Im Sportunterricht liegt der Schwerpunkt der fächerübergreifenden Unterrichtsreihe insbesondere auf der Sinnperspektive „Leistung“.
Thalamic connections of the core auditory cortex and rostral supratemporal plane in the macaque monkey
Authors: Scott Brian H. , Saleem Kadharbatcha S. , Kikuchi Yukiko , Fukushima Makoto , Mishkin Mortimer , Saunders Richard C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the primate auditory cortex, information flows serially in the mediolateral dimension from core, to belt, to parabelt. In the caudorostral dimension, stepwise serial projections convey information through the primary, rostral, and rostrotemporal (AI, R, and RT) core areas on the supratemporal plane, continuing to the rostrotemporal polar area (RTp) and adjacent auditory‐related areas of the rostral superior temporal gyrus (STGr) and temporal pole. In addition to this cascade of corticocortical connections, the auditory cortex receives parallel thalamocortical projections from the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN). Previous studies have examined the projections from MGN to auditory cortex, but most have focused on the caudal core areas AI and R. In this study, we investigated the full extent of connections between MGN and AI, R, RT, RTp, and STGr using retrograde and anterograde anatomical tracers. Both AI and R received nearly 90% of their thalamic inputs from the ventral subdivision of the MGN (MGv; the primary/lemniscal auditory pathway). By contrast, RT received only ∼45% from MGv, and an equal share from the dorsal subdivision (MGd). Area RTp received ∼25% of its inputs from MGv, but received additional inputs from multisensory areas outside the MGN (30% in RTp vs. 1–5% in core areas). The MGN input to RTp distinguished this rostral extension of auditory cortex from the adjacent auditory‐related cortex of the STGr, which received 80% of its thalamic input from multisensory nuclei (primarily medial pulvinar). Anterograde tracers identified complementary descending connections by which highly processed auditory information may modulate thalamocortical inputs.
Comprehensive analysis of network traffic data
Authors: Miao Yuantian , Ruan Zichan , Pan Lei , Zhang Jun , Xiang Yang 
Published: July 2017

SummaryWith the large volume of network traffic flow, it is necessary to preprocess raw data before classification to gain the accurate results speedily. Feature selection is an essential approach in preprocessing phase. The principal component analysis (PCA) is recognized as an effective and efficient method. In this paper, we classify network traffic flows by using the PCA technique together with 6 machine learning algorithms—Naive Bayes, decision tree, 1‐nearest neighbor, random forest, support vector machine, and H2O. We analyzed the impact of PCA on the classification results by applying each algorithm with and without PCA onto the data set. Experiments were set out by varying the size of input data sets, and the performances were measured from 2 aspects, including average overall accuracy and F‐measure. The computational time was also considered in analyzing the performance. Our results showed that random forest and 1‐nearest neighbor were the top 2 algorithms among all the 6 regarding the 2 metrics mentioned above. Then we continued the study of PCA impact on per class level with these 2 algorithms as examples. And the positive correlation between overall impact and the number of class with significant impact was revealed. Lastly, the visualization was used in exploring the reasons of the impacts caused by PCA. Two factors are considered in PCA's impact on per class level: benefit for classes grouped by PCA and mislabeled error interfered by nearby groups.
Cocaine Hydrochloride Structure in Solution Revealed by Three Chiroptical Methods
Authors: Fagan Patrik , Kocourková Lucie , Tatarkovič Michal , Králík František , Kuchař Martin , Setnička Vladimír , Bouř Petr 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStructure and flexibility of natural compounds determine their biological activity. In the present study, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), and Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra of cocaine hydrochloride in aqueous solutions were measured and related to the structure with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) computations. Additional measurements in deuterated environment made assignment of vibrational bands easier. The results suggest that the prevalent cocaine conformation in solution differs from that adopted in hydrochloride crystal. The spectroscopic results and computational analysis are consistent with X‐ray structures of known cocaine‐receptor complexes, in which the compound adopts a variety of conformations. All three kinds of chiroptical spectra exhibited significantly greater conformational sensitivity than unpolarized absorption or Raman scattering. The ROA technique provided the largest number of well‐resolved bands, bearing rich structural information.
Concentration‐Gradient Multichannel Flow‐Stream Membrane Capacitive Deionization Cell for High Desalination Capacity of Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Kim Choonsoo , Lee Juhan , Srimuk Pattarachai , Aslan Mesut , Presser Volker 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present a novel multichannel membrane flow‐stream capacitive deionization (MC‐MCDI) concept with two flow streams to control the environment around the electrodes and a middle channel for water desalination. The introduction of side channels to our new cell design allows operation in a highly saline environment, while the feed water stream in the middle channel (conventional CDI channel) is separated from the electrodes with anion‐ and cation‐exchange membranes. At a high salinity gradient between side (1000 mm) and middle (5 mm) channels, MC‐MCDI exhibited an unprecedented salt‐adsorption capacity (SAC) of 56 mg g−1 in the middle channel with charge efficiency close to unity and low energy consumption. This excellent performance corresponds to a fourfold increase in desalination performance compared to the state‐of‐the‐art in a conventional CDI cell. The enhancement originates from the enhanced specific capacitance in high‐molar saline media in agreement with the Gouy–Chapman–Stern theory and from a double‐ion desorption/adsorption process of MC‐MCDI through voltage operation from −1.2 to +1.2 V.
Nonannual tree rings in a climate‐sensitive Prioria copaifera chronology in the Atrato River, Colombia
Authors: Herrera‐Ramirez David , Andreu‐Hayles Laia , del Valle Jorge I. , Santos Guaciara M. , Gonzalez Paula L. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn temperate climates, tree growth dormancy usually ensures the annual nature of tree rings, but in tropical environments, determination of annual periodicity can be more complex. The purposes of the work are as follows: (1) to generate a reliable tree‐ring width chronology for Prioria copaifera Griseb. (Leguminoceae), a tropical tree species dwelling in the Atrato River floodplains, Colombia; (2) to assess the climate signal recorded by the tree‐ring records; and (3) to validate the annual periodicity of the tree rings using independent methods. We used standard dendrochronological procedures to generate the P. copaifera tree‐ring chronology. We used Pearson correlations to evaluate the relationship of the chronology with the meteorological records, climate regional indices, and gridded precipitation/sea surface temperature products. We also evaluated 24 high‐precision 14C measurements spread over a range of preselected tree rings, with assigned calendar years by dendrochronological techniques, before and after the bomb spike in order to validate the annual nature of the tree rings. The tree‐ring width chronology was statistically reliable, and it correlated significantly with local records of annual and October–December (OND) streamflow and precipitation across the upper river watershed (positive), and OND temperature (negative). It was also significantly related to the Oceanic Niño Index, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and the Southern Oscillation Index, as well as sea surface temperatures over the Caribbean and the Pacific region. However, 14C high‐precision measurements over the tree rings demonstrated offsets of up to 40 years that indicate that P. copaifera can produce more than one ring in certain years. Results derived from the strongest climate–growth relationship during the most recent years of the record suggest that the climatic signal reported may be due to the presence of annual rings in some of those trees in recent years. Our study alerts about the risk of applying dendrochronology in species with challenging anatomical features defining tree rings, commonly found in the tropics, without an independent validation of annual periodicity of tree rings. High‐precision 14C measurements in multiple trees are a useful method to validate the identification of annual tree rings.
Explosive radiation and spatial expansion across the cold environments of the Old World in an avian family
Authors: Liu Baoyan , Alström Per , Olsson Urban , Fjeldså Jon , Quan Qing , Roselaar Kees C. S. , Saitoh Takema , Yao Cheng‐te , Hao Yan , Wang Wenjuan , Qu Yanhua , Lei Fumin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOur objective was to elucidate the biogeography and speciation patterns in an entire avian family, which shows a complex pattern of overlapping and nonoverlapping geographical distributions, and much variation in plumage, but less in size and structure. We estimated the phylogeny and divergence times for all of the world's species of Prunella based on multiple genetic loci, and analyzed morphometric divergence and biogeographical history. The common ancestor of Prunella was present in the Sino‐Himalayan Mountains or these mountains and Central Asia–Mongolia more than 9 million years ago (mya), but a burst of speciations took place during the mid‐Pliocene to early Pleistocene. The relationships among the six primary lineages resulting from that differentiation are unresolved, probably because of the rapid radiation. A general increase in sympatry with increasing time since divergence is evident. With one exception, species in clades younger than c. 3.7 my are allopatric. Species that are widely sympatric, including the most recently diverged (2.4 mya) sympatric sisters, are generally more divergent in size/structure than allo‐/parapatric close relatives. The distributional pattern and inferred ages suggest divergence in allopatry and substantial waiting time until secondary contact, likely due to competitive exclusion. All sympatrically breeding species are ecologically segregated, as suggested by differences in size/structure and habitat. Colonizations of new areas were facilitated during glacial periods, followed by fragmentation during interglacials—contrary to the usual view that glacial periods resulted mainly in fragmentations.
Evaluation of an automated protocol for efficient and reliable DNA extraction of dietary samples
Authors: Wallinger Corinna , Staudacher Karin , Sint Daniela , Thalinger Bettina , Oehm Johannes , Juen Anita , Traugott Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMolecular techniques have become an important tool to empirically assess feeding interactions. The increased usage of next‐generation sequencing approaches has stressed the need of fast DNA extraction that does not compromise DNA quality. Dietary samples here pose a particular challenge, as these demand high‐quality DNA extraction procedures for obtaining the minute quantities of short‐fragmented food DNA. Automatic high‐throughput procedures significantly decrease time and costs and allow for standardization of extracting total DNA. However, these approaches have not yet been evaluated for dietary samples. We tested the efficiency of an automatic DNA extraction platform and a traditional CTAB protocol, employing a variety of dietary samples including invertebrate whole‐body extracts as well as invertebrate and vertebrate gut content samples and feces. Extraction efficacy was quantified using the proportions of successful PCR amplifications of both total and prey DNA, and cost was estimated in terms of time and material expense. For extraction of total DNA, the automated platform performed better for both invertebrate and vertebrate samples. This was also true for prey detection in vertebrate samples. For the dietary analysis in invertebrates, there is still room for improvement when using the high‐throughput system for optimal DNA yields. Overall, the automated DNA extraction system turned out as a promising alternative to labor‐intensive, low‐throughput manual extraction methods such as CTAB. It is opening up the opportunity for an extensive use of this cost‐efficient and innovative methodology at low contamination risk also in trophic ecology.
Isochron‐burial dating of glaciofluvial deposits: First results from the Swiss Alps
Authors: Akçar Naki , Ivy‐Ochs Susan , Alfimov Vasily , Schlunegger Fritz , Claude Anne , Reber Regina , Christl Marcus , Vockenhuber Christof , Dehnert Andreas , Rahn Meinert , Schlüchter Christian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, we use isochron‐burial dating to date the Swiss Deckenschotter, the oldest Quaternary deposits of the northern Alpine Foreland. Concentrations of cosmogenic10Be and26Al in individual clasts from a single stratigraphic horizon can be used to calculate an isochron‐burial age based on an assumed initial ratio and the measured26Al/10Be ratio. We suggest that, owing to deep and repeated glacial erosion, the initial isochron ratio of glacial landscapes at the time of burial varies between 6.75 and 8.4. Analysis of 22 clasts of different lithology, shape, and size from one 0.5 m thick gravel bed at Siglistorf (Canton Aargau) indicates low nuclide concentrations: <20 00010Be atoms/g and <150 00026Al atoms/g. Using an26Al/10Be ratio of 7.6 (arithmetical mean of 6.75 and 8.4), we calculate a mean isochron‐burial age of 1.5 ± 0.2 Ma. This age points to an average bedrock incision rate between 0.13 and 0.17 mm/a. Age data from the Irchel, Stadlerberg, and Siglistorf sites show that the Higher Swiss Deckenschotter was deposited between 2.5 and 1.3 Ma. Our results indicate that isochron‐burial dating can be successfully applied to glaciofluvial sediments despite very low cosmogenic nuclide concentrations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐step forecasting in the presence of breaks
Authors: Hännikäinen Jari 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes the relative performance of multi‐step AR forecasting methods in the presence of breaks and data revisions. Our Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the type and timing of the break affect the relative accuracy of the methods. The iterated autoregressive method typically produces more accurate point and density forecasts than the alternative multi‐step AR methods in unstable environments, especially if the parameters are subject to small breaks. This result holds regardless of whether data revisions add news or reduce noise. Empirical analysis of real‐time US output and inflation series shows that the alternative multi‐step methods only episodically improve upon the iterated method.
Effects of quince seed, almond, and tragacanth gum coating on the banana slices properties during the process of hot air drying
Authors: Farahmandfar Reza , Mohseni Maedeh , Asnaashari Maryam 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDue to early deterioration of banana in drying process, almond, quince seed, and tragacanth gums as edible coatings were determined. For this purpose, banana slices were coated in 0.7% solution of each gum and one group remained uncoated as the control. The samples were examined at specific times considering the weight loss, color analyzing (a*, b*, and L*) through the method computer vision, color difference index, browning index, and rehydration after the samples being dried. The results showed that the weight loss of the coated samples was significantly (p < .05) higher than the uncoated samples which can be due to the alteration or destruction of the cell membrane. The almond gum‐coated samples had significantly a lower ultimate browning index and quince seed gum‐coated samples showed the highest rehydration. So, the gums coating is an effective way to preserve the quality characteristics of the banana slices.