bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients with Type-2 Diabetes are at greater risk of developing new hypertension and chronic kidney disease following COVID-19
Authors: Lu Justin , Mehrotra-Varma Shiv , Wang Stephen , Boparai Montek , Henry Sonya , Mehrotra-Varma Jai , Duong Tim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims. To test the hypothesis that COVID-19 status increases the incidence of new hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods. This retrospective study consisted of 46448 patients with T2D from the Montefiore Health System in the Bronx (3/01/2020–7/01/2023), of which 13801 had a positive COVID-19 test. Contemporary controls included those hospitalized for other lower-respiratory-tract infections (LRTI, n=1638) and nonhospitalized patients without COVID-19 or LRTI (n=32647). Outcomes were assessed at follow-up (2 months to 3 years) relative to baseline. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were computed.
Results. The cumulative incidences of HTN (HR=1.84, 95% CI [1.34, 2.22], p<0.001) and CKD (HR=1.97, 95% CI [1.57, 2.43], p<0.001) were significantly higher in non-hospitalized COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 patients, but not between patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and LRTI (p>0.05). Non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients had higher odds of developing HTN compared to non-COVID patients during all follow-up (aOR 1.99, 95% CI [1.54, 2.57], p<0.001), but hospitalized COVID-19 patients had similar odds of developing HTN relative to patients hospitalized for LRTI (aOR 1.26, 95% CI [0.70, 2.27], p=0.441). Non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients had higher odds of developing CKD compared to non-COVID patients during all follow-up (aOR 2.09, 95% CI [1.69, 2.76], p<0.001), but hospitalized COVID-19 patients had similar odds of developing CKD relative to patients hospitalized for LRTI (aOR 0.96, 95% CI [0.79, 1.36], p=0.131).
Conclusions. T2D patients with COVID-19 were at higher risk of developing new disorders compared to their counterparts. Identifying individuals at-risk could help manage long COVID-19 disorders in T2D patients.
Associations between home- and community-based services (HCBSs) and depressive symptoms in older adults: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey in China
Authors: CHEN Yifang , zuo xinyi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background There is growing evidence in Europe and American discovered that the Home- and community-based services (HCBSs) are widely used for older people (aged ≥ 60 years); To date, however no published evidence has discussed the correlation between HCBSs and depressive symptoms in older adults in China. Objective This cross-sectional survey aimed to examine the relationship between HCBSs and depressive symptoms in older people. In addition, this study explored the relationship between internet use and depression risk in elderly people at the individual and provincial levels and in rural and urban subgroups. Methods The survey of CHARLS used a multistage probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) sampling technique. Province-level socioeconomic characteristics were merged with microdata for respondents over 60 years of age from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2020) Wave 5 (n = 10,036) by author. The respondents were asked whether they used the HCBSs. Depression was assessed using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D 10). The chi-square test was used to explore whether HCBSs were related to mental health status. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine this association further after controlling for confounding factors. Results Overall, 24.8% (2155/8692) of the participants used HCBSs. Regression analyses revealed that older adults who utilized HCBSs (OR = 0.486, 95% CI: 0.404–0.585, P < .001) had a lower risk of depressive symptoms than those who did not utilize HCBSs. In addition, older adults who were female(P = .001), single(P < .001), illiterate(P < .001), living in rural areas(P < .001), without retirement pensions(P < .001), with health insurance(P < .001) and with very poor Self rated Health Index(SRH)(P < .001) had a greater risk of depressive symptoms. For province-level characteristics, older adults living in provinces with the number of beds in medical institutions per 10,000 persons in the second quartile were more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms while there is no effect between depression and gross domestic product (GDP). Conclusions HCBSs had a positive effect on depression of older adults who was lived in rural. However, the rate of HCBSs usage remains low among older Chinese people. Therefore, the HCBSs penetration rate should be a priority especially in rural areas.
Decriminalizing suicide: The 2017 Mental Healthcare Act and suicide mortality in India, 2001-2020
Authors: Ganguli Devoja , Singh Parvati , Das Abhery 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose: We examine whether decriminalization of suicides in India following the 2017 Mental Health Act corresponds with changes in suicide mortality overall and by level of state development.
Methods: As our outcome, we utilize counts of suicides from the National Crime Records Bureau across 35 Indian states from 2001- 2020. For our exposure, we use a binary indicator for the decriminalization of suicide following 2018. We use fixed effect Poisson regression models that include population offsets and adjust for time trends, literacy, gross state domestic product, and infant mortality.
Results: We find no relation between decriminalization of suicides and overall suicide mortality (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR): 1.037; 95% CI (0.510 - 2.107)). Stratification by level of state development shows that less developed states saw an increase in suicide mortality by 1.9 times following decriminalization, compared to prior years (IRR: 1.859; 95% CI (1.028 – 3.364)).
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that decriminalization did not coincide with a decline in suicide mortality in the country, thereby highlighting the need for improved mental health infrastructure and support in India, especially in less developed states.
Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on paroxysmal sympathetic hyperexcitability with acquired brain injury and cortical excitability: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot study
Authors: Liu Mingrui , Li Yuanyuan , Zhao Jiayi , Liu Baohu , Duan Guoping , Guo Qing , Ye Zelin , Zhang Xu , Wang Chaolu , Wu Dongyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperexcitation (PSH) refers to a clinical syndrome characterized by a sudden increase in sympathetic excitability caused by severe brain injury. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness and practicality of combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with medication to treat PSH and employ non-linear electroencephalography (EEG) to assess changes in cortical activation post-intervention. 40 PSH patients were randomly assigned to receive either active tDCS or sham tDCS treatment over an 8-week period. The tDCS stimulation targeted the prefrontal area, left frontal-temporal-parietal cortex, right frontal-temporal-parietal cortex, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Both patient groups also underwent medication and other conventional therapies. The Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity Assessment Measure (PSH-AM), Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R), medication dosage, and approximate entropy (ApEn) index were assessed before and after treatment. The active tDCS group exhibited more substantial improvements in changes of PSH-AM, changes of CRS-R, and medication reduction ratios compared to the sham tDCS group after the treatment. After treatment and during follow-up, a significantly greater number of patients in the active tDCS group demonstrated clinically important differences compared to the sham tDCS group. The active tDCS group showed significantly higher ApEn indices in the less affected frontal lobe compared to the control group. No significant differences in ApEn indices were noted in the sham tDCS group before and after treatment. Regression analysis revealed that the group (active tDCS/sham tDCS) was the primary factor associated with improving PSH-AM. Therefore, we believe that in patients with PSH, combining tDCS with medication therapy demonstrated superior clinical efficacy compared to medication therapy alone. Electrophysiological results also indicated enhanced cortical excitability. Therefore, multi-target and multi-session tDCS combined with medication may be an effective treatment protocol for PSH.
Surgical anesthesia in a patient with a pheochromocytoma crisis supported by ECMO：A Case Report
Authors: chen minjuan , yan wei , yang zhihai , hong tao , jin lingling , Cao donghang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Pheochromocytoma is rare in the clinic, and patients with pheochromocytomas mainly present with headache, high blood pressure and sweating. Patients who develop a pheochromocytoma crisis are particularly rare. This report describes the case of a patient in a pheochromocytoma crisis who presented with severe cardiogenic shock, acute respiratory failure, and acute coronary syndrome, who ultimately underwent surgery under general anesthesia with the support of ECMO, and who was discharged healthy.
Lead (Pb) tolerance in the ectomycorrhizal fungi Suillus brevipes and S. tomentosus
Authors: Leary William , Johnson Matthew , Fletcher Jessica , Branco Sara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic metal and a contaminant of many soils across the world. Some fungi are known to be Pb tolerant, persisting in environments with high Pb levels. Here we investigate Pb tolerance in Suillus brevipes and S. tomentosus, two widespread ectomycorrhizal fungal species in the American West where soil contamination due to mining is common. We conducted in vitro growth assays, exposing previously studied isolates to a range of Pb concentrations. We found S. tomentosus to be more Pb tolerant compared to S. brevipes and that isolates from the two species showed both high and low Pb tolerance. Surprisingly, there were no correlations between Pb tolerance and Pb soil concentration, isolate growth rate, or Zn tolerance. Pb tolerance was positively correlated with Cd tolerance in S. tomentosus. Our research contributes for understanding fungal metal tolerance and paves the way for future work addressing the mechanisms of Pb tolerance and the potential for using Suillus in the recovery of contaminated sites.
Predicting the Impact of Mobile Field Hospital Deployment in Reducing Patients Mean Wait Times in Emergency Departments: An Agent-Based Simulation Approach
Authors: Amakama Nimisingha Jacob , Duserre Gilles , Cadiere Axelle , Schuette R. Wade 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Mean wait time (MWT) in emergency departments refer to the average time patients spend undergoing evaluation, or treatment at each stage, which can be significantly affected by sudden onsets of a disaster. Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a computational technique that simulates the interactions and behaviors of individual agents in a defined environment and enables the study of complex systems by observing the emergent outcomes of agent-agent and agent-environment interactions. This study examines the capability of ABMs in assessing the impact of response operations on hospital emergency departments mean wait time in a post-explosion scenario for an oil and gas industry. The methodology of this study involves the use of an agent-based modelling and simulation tool (NetLogo 6.3.0) to represent the interaction of agents within an emergency response system defined by rules, goals and decision protocols. The response policy includes both a traditional approach and a collaborative intervention through the use of a mobile field hospital (MFH). The dataset was generated, sampled and analyzed using the BehaviorSpace and Pandas tools, respectively. The results of the simulation study show that the strategic use of MFH for a collaborative response resulted in lower MWT, indicating higher effectiveness and efficiency of response efforts. This study highlights the need to generate potential results and test how response strategies might influence emergency department wait times and demonstrates the capability of simulation techniques in modeling complex systems. This could serve as an important tool for training health workers and disaster managers on emergency response and preparedness.
Patient and glucometer: how can glucose self-monitoring be improved?
Authors: Kononova Yu. A. , Babenko A. Yu. , Bregovskiy V. В. 
Published: September 2024

This review describes the challenges faced by patients with diabetes in self-monitoring of glycemia and their solutions. An over-view of factors influencing the purchase and selection of a glucometer, the use of mobile applications for diabetes mellitus (DM) control, and adherence to DM self-monitoring is presented. Factors influencing glucometer choice such as accuracy, blood sample volume, and the aspects on which they depend are described. Studies investigating such an option as setting an individual glycemic target range and its advantage in improving carbohydrate metabolism are presented. The factors that determine effectiveness and adherence when using mobile apps for DM control, the function of reminders in mobile apps are considered. The article gives some of the most important features of the Contour®Plus ONE blood glucose measurement system for patients, which consists of the Contour®Plus ONE glucometer, Contour®Plus test strips, ContourTMDiabetes app, ContourTMCloud. The nuances of glucometer use and applications that make their combination for self-monitoring of glucose levels as comfortable and effective as possible for the physician and the patient are described. The article identifies psychological factors influencing adherence to glycemic self-control. In addition, the article presents a brief description of the current state of the problem of non-invasive glucometry and lists some developments in recent years. Among the presented recent developments are devices based on electrochemical methods (flexible sensors measuring glucose levels in sweat on the skin surface, in saliva, in tears), as well as devices measuring blood glucose levels in blood vessels using optical, electromagnetic and microwave methods.
Analysing iodine intake of Saratov children preschool and school meals
Authors: Kurmacheva N. A. , Chernenkov Yu. V. , Andreeva A. N. , Nuraliev G. R. , Petrushin M. A. , Shaipov I. R. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The Saratov Oblast is a region that has moderate iodine deficiency. Starting from 2020, iodized salt must be used while cooking meals at educational facilities of Russia. However, only a few studies have been conducted to assess iodine intake of children meals.Aim. To assess iodine intake with iodized salt used in the preparation of Saratov preschool and primary school meals.Materials and methods. Iodine intake of children was assessed in several pre-schools and schools. The iodized salt content in typical menus for preschool and school hot breakfasts was modelled using process monitoring sheets. Iodine intake was estimated at 40 pg of iodine per 1 g of iodized salt and its 30% loss during cooking of hot meals. In Model 1, preschool and school meals were to be prepared using iodized salt. In Model 2, additional iodine intake was suggested to be consumed with bakery products for school meals baked using iodized salt.Results. Iodine intake with iodized salt as part of hot dishes (Model 1) in children aged 1-3 years at preschools was 78.8 ± 17.8 pg/day, in children aged 4-7 years - 113.9 ± 20.9 pg/day. When using bakery products with iodized salt in the menu (Model 2), iodine intake in children aged 1-3 years old increased to 108.9 ± 14.5 pg/day, and in children aged 4-7 years to 152.9 ± 16.8 pg/day, i.e. by 29.1-33.4%. Iodine intake with hot breakfasts among primary schoolchildren was 34.2 ± 7.3 mcg/day.Discussion. The results of this study are comparable to those of the study conducted in the Tyumen region, which demonstrated that the use of iodized salt in preparing preschool meals fully supplies the iodine needs of preschoolers.Conclusion. The use of iodized salt to prepare preschool and school meals makes it possible to ensure 87.6-94.9% of the recommended iodine intake for preschoolers, and 28.5% of the recommended iodine intake as part of hot breakfasts for children in grades 1-4. Parents were offered daily menus options to use iodized salt in households, which allowed them to balance the iodine intake of their children.
Semaglutide: effects on eating behavior
Authors: Gorban V. V. , Arzumanyan K. A. , Kostyulina M. Yu. , Mikhaylenko D. A. , Khvostikova I. S. , Shkorkina E. D. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Drugs from the group of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists were originally intended to be used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, with their use, a noticeable weight loss effect was noted, which expanded the list of indications and currently these drugs are prescribed to obese individuals, regardless of the presence of diabetes mellitus. On the Russian market, semavic (semaglutide) has established itself as an effective treatment for obesity.Aim. To assess the effect of semaglutide on eating behavior in the process of weight loss.Materials and methods. The literature search was carried out using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The selection of publications was carried out according to the principle of open free access, analysis of abstracts and assessment of relevance.Results. A total of 35 articles were selected for review: 7 Russian-language articles and 28 foreign sources. Data from the vast majority of publications show that semavik for weight loss is prescribed at a dose of 0.5-2.4 mg per week subcutaneously for a course of up to 68 weeks. In alternative cases, the drug is taken orally. The maximum weight loss was 9,6-17,4% of initial body weight. The most common manifestation of complications was gastrointestinal disorders, but only for a small number of patients did they become a reason to refuse to continue therapy. In trials of the drug, a reduction in the total calorie intake was noted in the absence of external dietary restrictions.Conclusion. The prescription of semavik is accompanied by increased self-control when eating. Self-control extends not only to food, but also to drinking alcohol. Approximately half of patients indicate an improved quality of life. Activation of metabolism appears to be associated with a decrease in insulin resistance, an increase in insulin concentrations, an effect on the effects of cortisol, and an effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Structural changes in the cornea and tear film in keratoconus associated with dry eye syndrome on the background of the use of optical correction and tear replacement therapy
Authors: Surnina Z. V. , Averich V. V. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The literature data confirm a relationship between keratoconus (KC) and signs of dry eye syndrome (DES). The scleral rigid gas permeable contact lenses widely used in the optical correction of keratoconus are more often used in the treatment of dry eye syndrome to protect the cornea and tear film.Aim. To evaluate changes in the condition of the cornea and tear film in keratoconus associated with dry eye syndrome during the use of scleral rigid gas permeable contact lenses in combination with/without tear replacement therapy.Materials and methods. A total of 30 patients (60 eyes) with bilateral stabilized non-operated keratoconus at different stages associated with dry eye syndrome were examined. The patients were divided into groups: Group 1 included 15 patients (30 eyes), who used 0.9% sodium chloride (saline solution) as a moisturizing solution to fill the lens cup before it was placed in the eye; Group 2 included 15 patients (30 eyes) who used 0.18% sodium hyaluronate as a moisturizing solution. All patients underwent the following examinations: biomicroscopy of the anterior segment of the eye using a vital dye (0.1% fluorescein sodium) and assessment of the degrees of epitheliopathy of the conjunctiva and cornea according to the Oxford grading system, determination of the precorneal tear film break-up time (Norn test), as well as the status of total (Schirmer test) and basic (Jones test) tear production.Results and discussion. Wearing scleral rigid gas-permeable contact lenses, regardless of the type of solution filled into the lens cup before placing it in the eye, improves significantly the ocular surface condition and increases the results of function tests.Conclusion. The observed tendency towards a higher capacity to repair corneal tissues during the use of 0.18% sodium hyaluronate preservative-free tear replacement agent in the sublens space is confirmed by corneal confocal microscopy outcomes and indicates the greater efficacy of using a combination with a tear replacement agent.
A conceptual study of Aahar on Post Covid-19 complications
Authors: Priyanka Kumari  , Rohit Ranjan  
Published: September 2024

The entire world has experienced many pandemics and epidemics, but occasionally a new one called SARS-CoV-2, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, has put the global health care system under strain. Long Covid, or "long-haul COVID-19," refers to Post COVID-19 problems in individuals who recover from a COVID-19 infection, resulting in various complications such as cardiac, pulmonary, systemic, neuropsychiatric, tinnitus, acute kidney damage, renal failure, and thrombotic issues. After recovering from a COVID-19 infection, everyone must maintain a healthy diet because the infection may eventually harm their critical health. Ayurveda, a traditional healthcare system, emphasizes the importance of food and lifestyle in maintaining health and preventing diseases. Aahar is regarded as the "superior medicine," or Mahabhaisajya. Improper dietary habits lead to a variety of lifestyle health problems that can be avoided with appropriate Aahar and eating practices. According to Ayurveda, an individual's Prakriti, or constitution, should be taken into consideration when defining an Aahar. The article aims to assess a lot Aahar methods and concepts that are scattered over various Samhitas that can help manage Post COVID-19 complications and promote a quick recovery without future disease complications.