bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Secondary Allylic Alcohols Starting from Terminal Alkynes and Aldehydes.
Authors: Morimoto Haruki , Harada Toshiro 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA series of enantiomerically enriched secondary allylic alcohols is prepared in a two‐step, one‐pot process via trisubstituted (E)‐vinylaluminum intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis Approach of Enantiomerically Pure Spiro‐Indenoquinoxaline Pyrrolidines and Spiro‐Indenoquinoxaline Pyrrolizidines.
Authors: Shahrestani Naeimeh , Salahi Farbod , Tavakoli Niloofar , Jadidi Khosrow , Hamzehloueian Mahshid , Notash Behrouz 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn one‐pot, four‐component procedure for the synthesis of title compounds such as (V) and (IX) with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity, through 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of in situ generated azomethine ylides and a cinnamoyl/crotonoyl oxazolidinone (III) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of Polyfunctionalized Spiroannulated Dihydrothiophenes via a Formal Thio [3 + 2] Cyclization.
Authors: Zeng Xue‐Mei , Meng Chang‐Yu , Bao Jia‐Xin , Xu Dong‐Cheng , Xie Jian‐Wu , Zhu Wei‐Dong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUsing Takemoto′s organocatalyst, the reaction between (E)‐β‐nitrostyrenes (II) and N‐aryltetralon‐2‐carbothioamides (I) or (IV) gives the spiro compounds (III) and (V) with excellent chemo‐, regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation Reaction to Access 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles Using Chloroform as the Carbon Monoxide Source.
Authors: Li Zhengyi , Wang Liang 
Published: March 2016

Abstract2,5‐Diaryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles are readily prepared from monoarylated tetrazoles and aryl iodides or bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convergent, Umpoled Synthesis of 2‐(1‐Amidoalkyl)pyridines.
Authors: Johnson Tarn C , Marsden Stephen P 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA convenient, one‐pot synthesis of 2‐(1‐amidoalkyl)pyridines is reported, based upon the substitution of suitably‐activated pyridine N‐oxides by azlactone nucleophiles, followed by decarboxylative azlactone ring‐opening.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Formal [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of in situ Generated Azoalkenes with Arylacetic Acids: An Efficient Approach to the Synthesis of 4,5‐Dihydropyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Li Xuanyi , Gai Kuo , Yuan Zhenbo , Wu Jie , Lin Aijun , Yao Hequan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe reaction is suitable for the preparation of various target compounds, inter alia scaffolds of a broad spectrum of pharmaceutical agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral 3‐Substituted 1,3,4,5‐Tetrahydro‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones via a Domino Copper‐Catalyzed SN2/Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Lu Dongming , Ma Chang , Yuan Shuai , Zhou Lihong , Zeng Qingle 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFirst, the reaction of 2‐iodobenzyl bromide (Ia) with various (S)‐amino acids is investigated to produce the desired benzodiazepine structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Cytotoxic Activity of New 1,3,4,5‐Tetrahydro‐2H‐1,5‐benzodiazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Faidallah Hassan M. , Taib Layla A. , Albeladi Shams N. A. , Ur Rahman Mohammed E. , Al‐Zahrani Fatimah Ali , Arshad Muhammad Nadeem , Asiri Abdullah M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStarting compounds (I) are prepared in two steps from dehydroacetic acid and phenylenediamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Taxane‐Glycosides from the Needles of Taxus canadensis.
Authors: Li Nan , Yan Hui‐Min , Zhang Man‐li , Shi Qing‐Wen , Sauriol Francoise , Kiyota Hiromasa , Dong Mei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTwo new taxane‐glycosides are isolated from the methanolic extract of the needles of T.canadensis.Their structures are evaluated by 1D and 2D NMR data analysis and high‐resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy.
Charge is Major Determinant of Activation of the Ligand‐Responsive Multidrug Resistance Gene Regulator, BmrR
Authors: Bachas Sharrol , Kohrs Bryan , Wade Herschel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA medium‐throughput approach (80+ compounds) to investigate allosteric transcriptional control in the multidrug resistance gene regulator BmrR, with cations, zwitterions, uncharged compounds and anions, is described. Even at the allosteric level, BmrR is quite promiscuous with regard to molecular shape and structure, but it is sensitive to molecular charge. A role for charge is further supported by differences in the activation properties of structurally similar ligands displaying variable charge properties as well as differences in activation by zwitterions and uncharged ligands, which show similar binding affinities. A comparison of allosteric selectivity with the distribution of differently charged ligands in bacterial cellular environments suggests that the selectivity of charge is a major factor in discrimination of xenobiotics, and native biological compounds and metabolites. Interestingly, in eukaryotic cells, the selectivity of cationic ligands might be a protective mechanism against chemical agents that act in a promiscuous fashion.
Stability of Front Solutions of the Bidomain Equation
Authors: Mori Yoichiro , Matano Hiroshi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe bidomain model is the standard model describing electrical activity of the heart. Here we study the stability of planar front solutions of the bidomain equation with a bistable nonlinearity (the bidomain Allen‐Cahn equation) in two spatial dimensions. In the bidomain Allen‐Cahn equation a Fourier multiplier operator whose symbol is a positive homogeneous rational function of degree two (the bidomain operator) takes the place of the Laplacian in the classical Allen‐Cahn equation. Stability of the planar front may depend on the direction of propagation given the anisotropic nature of the bidomain operator. We establish various criteria for stability and instability of the planar front in each direction of propagation. Our analysis reveals that planar fronts can be unstable in the bidomain Allen‐Cahn equation in striking contrast to the classical or anisotropic Allen‐Cahn equations. We identify two types of instabilities, one with respect to long‐wavelength perturbations, the other with respect to medium‐wavelength perturbations. Interestingly, whether the front is stable or unstable under long‐wavelength perturbations does not depend on the bistable nonlinearity and is fully determined by the convexity properties of a suitably defined Frank diagram. On the other hand, stability under intermediate‐wavelength perturbations does depend on the choice of bistable nonlinearity. Intermediate‐wavelength instabilities can occur even when the Frank diagram is convex, so long as the bidomain operator does not reduce to the Laplacian. We shall also give a remarkable example in which the planar front is unstable in all directions.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Apoptotic Cell Death Induced by ofLBP6A, Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein Model Peptide, Derived from Paralichthy olivaceus on MKN‐28 Cells
Authors: Kang Chang‐Won , Kim Nan‐Hee , Park Nam Gyu , Kim Gun‐Do 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Preclinical Research

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti‐cancer effects of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) analogs derived from the marine resource Paralichthy olivaceus on MKN‐28 gastric cancer cells. Five LBP analogs were used: ofLBP1N, ofLBP2A, ofLBP4N, ofLBP5A, and ofLBP6A. ofLBP6A induced cell death of MKN‐28 cells at a concentration of 40 μM. While the anti‐proliferation effects ofLBP6A showed on MKN‐28 cells at concentration of 40 μM, it did not affect non‐cancerous HEK‐293 cells at the same concentration. The mechanism study showed that ofLBP6A lead to the inhibition of cell proliferation by apoptosis along with morphological changes. The phosphorylation of Fas associated death domain (FADD) as well as the expressions of cleaved caspase‐8, −7, and −3 were increased by ofLBP6A treatment. Increased the expression level of cleaved caspase‐3 was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. The expressions of Bid, Bax, and cytochrome C were also increased by the treatment. However, the expressions of cellular FLICE (FADD‐like IL‐1β‐converting enzyme)‐inhibitory protein (FLIP), Bcl‐XL, and Bcl‐2 were decreased by ofLBP6A treatment. The results of this study were the first to demonstrate the apoptotic anti‐cancer effects of ofLBP6A, derived from P. olivavaceus on gastric cancer cells. Drug Dev Res 77 : 94–102, 2016.   © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond Mandated Participation: Dealing with hydropower in the context of the water framework directive
Authors: Feichtinger Judith , Pregernig Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article examines public–private interactions in the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). Empirically, the study analyses the processes of master planning in the highly contested arena of hydropower in Austria and Bavaria. While the WFD foresees various legally required, ‘mandated’ types of participation, the instrument of master plans was sought and employed as an additional participatory mechanism to develop strategies for mitigating water pressures caused by hydropower. In theoretical terms, the article contributes to the debate on participatory governance and public–private interactions. An analytical framework is developed and applied that recognizes four forms of public–private interaction: state governing, consultative governance, collaborative governance and lobbying. The study shows that in Bavaria the planning process showed some elements of consultation in the early phases, but later on governmental actors backed out and conventional state governing prevailed. In Austria, state governing and traditional lobbying were found to be the dominant patterns of interaction throughout the process. Neither water administration nor hydropower stakeholders opted for more far‐reaching forms of collaboration. The low levels of participation observed in both case study regions can be explained, on the one hand, by the strategic motivations and interests of the involved actors and, on the other hand, by the distinctive politico‐historical context with special discursive dynamics in energy and climate policy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Heteropolynuclear ReIVMII Complexes Based on the Robust [ReCl5(pyzCOO)]2– Unit (pyzCOO = 2‐pyrazinecarboxylate)
Authors: Arizaga Livia , González Ricardo , Armentano Donatella , De Munno Giovanni , Novak Miguel A. , Lloret Francesc , Julve Miguel , Kremer Carlos , Chiozzone Raúl 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe syntheses, crystal structures and magnetic properties of four rhenium(IV) compounds of formulae NBu4[ReCl5(pyzCOOH)]·H2O (1), [ReCl5(µ‐pyzCOO)M(dmphen)2]·2CH3CN [M = Ni (2) and Co (3)] and {[ReCl5(µ3‐pyzCOO)]2Mn2(dmphen)3}n (4) (NBu4 = tetra‐n‐butylammonium cation, pyzCOOH = 2‐pyrazinecarboxylic acid, dmphen = 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline) are reported herein. Compound 1 was obtained by the reaction of NBu4[ReCl5(dmf)] (dmf = dimethylformamide) with pyzCOOH in acetone, whereas the other complexes were obtained by the reaction of 1 with M(ClO4)2·6H2O [M = Ni (2), Co (3), Mn (4)] and dmphen in acetonitrile. Complex 1 is a mononuclear compound, 2 and 3 are neutral heterodinuclear complexes and 4 is a neutral chain in which each pyzCOO– bridges one ReIV and two MnII in a very unusual µ3‐binding mode. Compounds 2 and 3 behave as magnetically isolated species with intramolecular ferromagnetic coupling between ReIV and NiII or ReIV and CoII ions, respectively. In turn, weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the MnII ions through anti‐syn‐carboxylate bridges together with weak ferromagnetism below 3.1 K due to small spin canting is observed in 4.
Preparation and Supercapacitor Performance of Freestanding Polypyrrole/Polyaniline Coaxial Nanoarrays
Authors: Xie Yibing , Wang Dan , Ji Jingjing 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe flexible, freestanding polypyrrole/polyaniline (PPy/PANI) coaxial nanoarray was prepared by removing a titania (TiO2) sacrificial template from PPy/TiO2/PANI, which was initially formed by selectively coating PPy and PANI on the outer and inner surfaces of individual TiO2 nanotubes. PPy/PANI formed a hybrid coaxial structure of PANI nanorods encased in PPy nanopores. The PPy/PANI coaxial nanoarray exhibited a specific capacitance of 209.5 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, presenting higher performance than the PPy nanopore array (114.2 F g−1). Its capacitance decreased from 157.5 to 125.2 F g−1 after 500 cycles at 2.0 A g−1, presenting a reasonable capacitance retention of 79.5 %. The flexible supercapacitor based on the PPy/PANI coaxial nanoarray demonstrated a specific capacitance of 66 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. The PPy/PANI coaxial nanoarray exhibited high pseudocapacitance, moderate cyclibility, and good flexibility, suggesting its promising application in flexible energy storage devices.
Coupled Eulerian‐Lagrangian simulation of the penetration and braking behaviour of ship anchors in clay
Authors: Grabe Jürgen , Wu Lingyue 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSubmarine power cables are buried in the seafloor for protection against external threats such as ship anchors. The determination of the optimum burial depth is still an important research topic. This paper presents numerical simulations of the penetration and braking behaviour of ship anchors in a clayey seabed. The visco‐hypoplastic constitutive model was applied to model the viscous behaviour of clay. The Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg 4/5 integration method was implemented in the coupled Eulerian‐Lagrangian analysis in Abaqus/Explicit to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the calculation. The soil model and the integration method were validated with a benchmark test. In the numerical simulations, typical anchor behaviours were observed and the basic mechanisms of the penetration of ship anchors in clay were revealed. Varying the simulation parameters shows the main factors (anchor size, soil strength and dragging speed) influencing the penetration depth, providing important information for the risk assessment of submarine power cables in the future.Gekoppelte Euler‐Lagrange‐Simulation des Penetrations‐ und Bremsverhaltens von Schiffsankern im bindigen Meeresboden. Um Offshore‐Seekabel gegen Beschädigungen wie z. B. von Schiffsankern zu schützen, werden sie im Meeresgrund verlegt. Die Feststellung der optimalen Verlegetiefe ist seit langer Zeit ein wichtiges Forschungsthema, da die Verlegung der Kabel eine große Herausforderung darstellt. In diesem Beitrag wird das Penetrations‐ und Bremsverhalten des Schiffsankers im bindigen Meeresboden mithilfe von numerischen Simulationen untersucht. Aufgrund der großen Verformungen des Bodens werden die Simulationen mit der gekoppelten Euler‐Lagrangeschen Methode in Abaqus/Explizit durchgeführt. Das viskohypoplastische Stoffmodell wird eingesetzt, um das viskose Verhalten des bindigen Bodens zu modellieren. Die Implementierung des Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg‐4/5‐Integrationsverfahrens hat die Effizienz und die Genauigkeit der FE‐Berechnung erhöht. In den numerischen Simulationen werden typische Ankerverhalten beobachtet und der Eindringmechanismus wird analysiert. Variationen der Simulationsparameter deuten auf wichtige Einflussfaktoren (Ankergröße, Bodenfestigkeit und Ziehgeschwindigkeit des Schiffes) der Penetrationstiefe hin.
TCR signaling by conventional CD4+ T cells is required for optimal maintenance of peripheral regulatory T cell numbers
Authors: Leichner Theresa M. , Satake Atsushi , Kambayashi Taku 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTo maintain immune tolerance, regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers must be closely indexed to the number of conventional T cells (Tconvs) so that an adequate Treg:Tconv ratio can be maintained. Two factors important in this process are the cytokine interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation by major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC‐II). Here, we report that in addition to TCR stimulation of Tregs themselves, the maintenance of Tregs also requires TCR signaling by Tconvs. We found that Tconvs produce IL‐2 in response to self‐peptide‐MHC‐II complexes and that Tconvs possessing more highly self‐reactive TCRs express more IL‐2 at baseline. Furthermore, selective disruption of TCR signaling in Tconvs led to a trend toward decreased expression of IL‐2 and attenuated their ability to maintain Treg numbers. These data suggest that in order to maintain an adequate Treg:Tconv ratio, Tregs are continuously indexed to self‐peptide‐MHC‐II‐induced TCR signaling of Tconvs. These results have implications in attempts to modulate immune tolerance, as Treg numbers adjust to the self‐reactivity, and ultimately IL‐2 production by the T cells around them.
Non‐invasive optical assessment of viscosity of middle ear effusions in otitis media
Authors: Monroy Guillermo L. , Pande Paritosh , Shelton Ryan L. , Nolan Ryan M. , Spillman Darold R. , Porter Ryan G. , Novak Michael A. , Boppart Stephen A. 
Published: March 2016

Eustachian tube dysfunction can cause fluid to collect within the middle ear cavity and form a middle ear effusion (MEE). MEEs can persist for weeks or months and cause hearing loss as well as speech and learning delays in young children. The ability of a physician to accurately identify and characterize the middle ear for signs of fluid and/or infection is crucial to provide the most appropriate treatment for the patient. Currently, middle ear infections are assessed with otoscopy, which provides limited and only qualitative diagnostic information. In this study, we propose a method utilizing cross‐sectional depth‐resolved optical coherence tomography to noninvasively measure the diffusion coefficient and viscosity of colloid suspensions, such as a MEE. Experimental validation of the proposed technique on simulated MEE phantoms with varying viscosity and particulate characteristics is presented, along with some preliminary results from in vivo and ex vivo samples of human MEEs.
In vivo Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) image of a human tympanic membrane and Middle Ear Effusion (MEE) (top), with a CCD image of the tympanic membrane surface (inset). Below is the corresponding time‐lapse M‐mode OCT data acquired along the white dotted line over time, which can be analyzed to determine the Stokes–Einstein diffusion coefficient of the effusion.magnified imageIn vivo Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) image of a human tympanic membrane and Middle Ear Effusion (MEE) (top), with a CCD image of the tympanic membrane surface (inset). Below is the corresponding time‐lapse M‐mode OCT data acquired along the white dotted line over time, which can be analyzed to determine the Stokes–Einstein diffusion coefficient of the effusion.
Photodynamic therapy in the upper aerodigestive tract. Overview and outlook
Authors: Volgger Veronika , Betz Christian Stephan 
Published: March 2016

The gold standard in the treatment of (pre)malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) is either surgery or (chemo)radiotherapy. Nevertheless, there are special indications where an alternative treatment, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), might be as effective for and better tolerated by the patients concerned. This article aims to present a contemporary and comprehensive review on the role of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of (pre)malignancies of the UADT. PubMed was searched for “photodynamic therapy larynx/oral cavity/oropharynx/head and neck” in 01/2016. PDT can be efficient in the treatment of recurrent, residual or multiple carcinomas of the UADT without other treatment options. It has also been used with success in the treatment of early oral or laryngeal carcinomas, widespread precancerous lesions or “difficult‐to‐treat” skin cancer, even though these treatments are off‐label. For now, unsolved scientific and economical challenges hinder the methods spread. In special cases, PDT is a highly effective method to treat head and neck (pre)malignancies. Nevertheless, further clinical studies are needed to better define its true value in head and neck oncology.
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Targeted hypoglossal nerve stimulation for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: Six‐month results
Authors: Friedman Michael , Jacobowitz Ofer , Hwang Michelle S. , Bergler Wolfgang , Fietze Ingo , Rombaux Philippe , Mwenge Gimbada B. , Yalamanchali Sreeya , Campana John , Maurer Joachim T. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisThis feasibility study was designed to show the preliminary safety and efficacy of targeted hypoglossal neurostimulation (THN), and to identify baseline predictors of successful therapy.Study DesignOpen‐label, prospective, multicenter, single‐arm cohort study, conducted at seven centers in the U.S.A. and Europe.MethodsForty‐six participants with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), failing or intolerant of continuous positive airway pressure, were implanted. Primary (Apnea‐Hypopnea Index [AHI], Oxygen Desaturation Index [ODI]) and secondary (Arousal Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale Index, Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index) outcomes were measured at baseline and compared at 6 months. Data were analyzed to identify participant characteristics that would predict success with therapy.ResultsSixty‐seven adverse events (AEs) were observed among 36 participants; most of the AEs were related to the implant procedure and resolved without sequelae; one device replacement was necessary. Forty‐three participants showed significant (P < .01) decreases in both AHI and ODI at 6 months; 35% (15 of 43) met criteria for AHI responders and 40% (17 of 43) for ODI responders. Significant improvement was observed in all the secondary endpoints. Predictors‐of‐success selection criteria were identified as baseline AHI < 65/hr, baseline apnea index ≤ 30, baseline body mass index < 35, and <15 events/hr of SpO2 decrease > 10%. Seven participants met these criteria; 86% (6 of 7) were AHI responders and 86% (6 of 7) were ODI responders, indicating that THN therapy can be efficacious in a carefully selected population of OSA patients.ConclusionsThis feasibility study suggests that THN therapy is likely to be safe and effective in selected patients.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 126:2618–2623, 2016