bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Species of Phosphorus and Zinc in Water‐Dispersible Colloids from Swine Manure Compost
Authors: Yamamoto Kosuke , Hashimoto Yohey 
Published: February 2017

The release of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) from swine manure compost and from soils applied with swine manure compost can be accelerated by colloidal particles. This study investigated the concentrations and chemical species of P and Zn in water‐dispersible colloids (WDCs) collected from swine manure compost by using X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. A filtration and ultracentrifugation process was used to separate and collect WDCs (20–1000 nm) from the bulk swine manure compost (<2 mm). The swine manure compost contained 2.7 g kg−1 WDC, in which P (140 g kg−1) was highly concentrated and Zn concentrations were greater than in the bulk compost (1.45 g kg−1). Phosphorus K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy determined the presence of struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O) as a major P species (74%), followed by tricalcium phosphate as a secondary component (26%). In the WDC fraction, struvite was not found, but tricalcium phosphate (56%) occurred as a primary component. Zinc K‐edge XAFS spectroscopy determined hopeite [Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O, 59%] and to a lesser extent smithsonite (ZnCO3, 24%) and Zn adsorbed on ferrihydrite (17%). In the WDC fraction, hopeite (44%) and organically bound Zn (35%) were predominant. Our results demonstrate the notable difference in the concentration and chemical species of P and Zn between the WDC and bulk fractions of swine manure compost.Core Ideas
We investigated chemical species of P and Zn in the WDC collected from swine manure compost.
Struvite was not found in WDC, but tricalcium phosphate and P adsorbed on ferrihydrite were predominant.
Hopeite and organically bound Zn were predominant in the WDC fraction.
Dye removal from aqueous solution by raw maize corncob and H3PO4 activated maize corncob
Authors: Farnane M. , Tounsadi H. , Machrouhi A. , Elhalil A. , Mahjoubi F. Z. , Sadiq M. , Abdennouri M. , Qourzal S. , Barka N. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe focus of this study is the investigation of removal ability of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) dyes from aqueous solution by raw maize corncob (RMC) and H3PO4 activated maize corncob (AMC). Maize corncobs were carbonized at 500 °C for 2 h, and then impregnated at a phosphoric acid to maize corncob ratio of 2.5 g/g. The impregnated maize corncob was activated in a tubular vertical furnace at 450 °C for 2 h. Samples were characterized by different methods. Adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration of dyes and the temperature. Experimental results show that the activation of maize corncob boosts four times the adsorption performance for the selected dyes. The adsorption process is very rapid and was pH dependent with high adsorption capacities in the basic range. The kinetic data were fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The best fit of equilibrium data was obtained by the Langmuir model with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 75.27 and 271.19 mg/g for MB, 76.42 and 313.63 mg/g for MG, respectively, in the case of RMC and AMC. The temperature did not have much influence on the adsorption performance.
Pulsational Pair-instability Supernovae
Authors: Woosley S. E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The final evolution of stars in the mass range 70–140

M

⊙

is explored. Depending upon their mass loss history and rotation rates, these stars will end their lives as pulsational pair-instability supernovae (PPISN) producing a great variety of observational transients with total durations ranging from weeks to millennia and luminosities from 1041 to over 1044 erg s−1. No nonrotating model radiates more than

5
×

10

50

erg of light or has a kinetic energy exceeding

5
×

10

51

erg, but greater energies are possible, in principle, in magnetar-powered explosions, which are explored. Many events resemble SNe Ibn, SNe Icn, and SNe IIn, and some potential observational counterparts are mentioned. Some PPISN can exist in a dormant state for extended periods, producing explosions millennia after their first violent pulse. These dormant supernovae contain bright Wolf–Rayet stars, possibly embedded in bright X-ray and radio sources. The relevance of PPISN to supernova impostors like Eta Carinae, to superluminous supernovae, and to sources of gravitational radiation is discussed. No black holes between 52 and 133

M

⊙

are expected from stellar evolution in close binaries.
Residual Gas and Dust around Transition Objects and Weak T Tauri Stars*
Authors: Doppmann Greg W. , Najita Joan R. , Carr John S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Residual gas in disks around young stars can spin down stars, circularize the orbits of terrestrial planets, and whisk away the dusty debris that is expected to serve as a signpost of terrestrial planet formation. We have carried out a sensitive search for residual gas and dust in the terrestrial planet region surrounding young stars ranging in age from a few to ∼10 Myr. Using high-resolution 4.7 μm spectra of transition objects (TOs) and weak T Tauri stars, we searched for weak continuum excesses and CO fundamental emission, after making a careful correction for the stellar contribution to the observed spectrum. We find that the CO emission from TOs is weaker and located farther from the star than CO emission from nontransition T Tauri stars with similar stellar accretion rates. The difference is possibly the result of chemical and/or dynamical effects (i.e., a low CO abundance or close-in low-mass planets). The weak T Tauri stars show no CO fundamental emission down to low flux levels (5 × 10−20 to 10−18 W m−2). We illustrate how our results can be used to constrain the residual disk gas content in these systems and discuss their potential implications for star and planet formation.
Surfactant Protein A Inhibits Growth and Adherence of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli To Protect the Bladder from Infection
Authors: Hashimoto Jiro , Takahashi Motoko , Saito Atsushi , Murata Masaki , Kurimura Yuichiro , Nishitani Chiaki , Takamiya Rina , Uehara Yasuaki , Hasegawa Yoshihiro , Hiyama Yoshiki , Sawada Norimasa , Takahashi Satoshi , Masumori Naoya , Kuroki Yoshio , Ariki Shigeru 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a multifunctional host defense collectin that was first identified as a component of pulmonary surfactant. Although SP-A is also expressed in various tissues, including the urinary tract, its innate immune functions in nonpulmonary tissues are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that adherence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) to the bladder was enhanced in SP-A–deficient mice, which suggests that SP-A plays an important role in innate immunity against UPEC. To understand the innate immune functions of SP-A in detail, we performed in vitro experiments. SP-A directly bound to UPEC in a Ca2+-dependent manner, but it did not agglutinate UPEC. Our results suggest that a bouquet-like arrangement seems unsuitable to agglutinate UPEC. Meanwhile, SP-A inhibited growth of UPEC in human urine. Furthermore, the binding of SP-A to UPEC decreased the adherence of bacteria to urothelial cells. These results indicate that direct action of SP-A on UPEC is important in host defense against UPEC. Additionally, adhesion of UPEC to urothelial cells was decreased when the cells were preincubated with SP-A. Adhesion of UPEC to urothelial cells is achieved via interaction between FimH, an adhesin located at bacterial pili, and uroplakin Ia, a glycoprotein expressed on the urothelium. SP-A directly bound to uroplakin Ia and competed with FimH for uroplakin Ia binding. These results lead us to conclude that SP-A plays important roles in host defense against UPEC.
Expression of IL-22 in the Skin Causes Th2-Biased Immunity, Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction, and Pruritus via Stimulating Epithelial Th2 Cytokines and the GRP Pathway
Authors: Lou Hongfei , Lu Jingning , Choi Eun Byul , Oh Min Hee , Jeong Mingeum , Barmettler Sara , Zhu Zhou , Zheng Tao 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Increased expression of Th22 cytokine IL-22 is a characteristic finding in atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the specific role of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of AD in vivo has yet to be elucidated. Consistent with observations in human AD, IL-22 was significantly increased in the AD skin of mice after epicutaneous sensitization to house dust mite allergen. Utilizing a skin-specific inducible transgenic system, we show in the present study that expression of IL-22 in the skin of mice caused an AD-like phenotype characterized by chronic pruritic dermatitis associated with Th2-biased local and systemic immune responses, downregulation of epidermal differentiation complex genes, and enhanced dermatitis upon epicutaneous allergen exposure. IL-22 potently induced the expression of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), a neuropeptide pruritogen, in dermal immune cells and sensory afferents and in their skin-innervating sensory neurons. IL-22 also differentially upregulated the expression of GRP receptor (GRPR) on keratinocytes of AD skin. The number of GRP+ cells in the skin correlated with the AD severity and the intensity of pruritus. IL-22 directly upregulated the expression of epithelial-derived type 2 cytokines (thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL-33) and GRP in primary keratinocytes. Furthermore, GRP not only strongly induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin but it also increased the expression of IL-33 and GRPR synergistically with IL-22. Importantly, we found that the expression of GRP was strikingly increased in the skin of patients with AD. These results indicate that IL-22 plays important pathogenic roles in the initiation and development of AD, in part through inducing keratinocyte production of type 2 cytokines and activation of the GRP/GRPR pathway.
Parameterizing the instrumental spectral response function and its changes by a super-Gaussian and its derivatives
Authors: Beirle Steffen , Lampel Johannes , Lerot Christophe , Sihler Holger , Wagner Thomas 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The instrumental spectral response function (ISRF) is a key quantity in DOAS analysis, as it is needed for wavelength calibration and for the convolution of trace gas cross sections to instrumental resolution. While it can generally be measured using monochromatic stimuli, it is often parameterized in order to merge different calibration measurements and to plainly account for its wavelength dependency. For some instruments, the ISRF can be described appropriately by a Gaussian function, while for others, dedicated, complex parameterizations with several parameters have been developed.Here we propose to parameterize the ISRF as a super-Gaussian, which can reproduce a variety of shapes, from point-hat to boxcar shape, by just adding one parameter to the classical Gaussian. The super-Gaussian turned out to describe the ISRF of various DOAS instruments well, including the satellite instruments GOME-2, OMI, and TROPOMI.In addition, the super-Gaussian allows for a straightforward parameterization of the effect of ISRF changes, which can occur on long-term scales as well as, for example, during one satellite orbit and impair the spectral analysis if ignored. In order to account for such changes, spectral structures are derived from the derivatives of the super-Gaussian, which are afterwards just scaled during spectral calibration or DOAS analysis. This approach significantly improves the fit quality compared to setups with fixed ISRF, without drawbacks on computation time due to the applied linearization. In addition, the wavelength dependency of the ISRF can be accounted for by accordingly derived spectral structures in an easy, fast, and robust way.
The DeepMIP contribution to PMIP4: experimental design for model simulations of the EECO, PETM, and pre-PETM (version 1.0)
Authors: Lunt Daniel J. , Huber Matthew , Anagnostou Eleni , Baatsen Michiel L. J. , Caballero Rodrigo , DeConto Rob , Dijkstra Henk A. , Donnadieu Yannick , Evans David , Feng Ran , Foster Gavin L. , Gasson Ed , von der Heydt Anna S. , Hollis Chris J. , Inglis Gordon N. , Jones Stephen M. , Kiehl Jeff , Kirtland Turner Sandy , Korty Robert L. , Kozdon Reinhardt , Krishnan Srinath , Ladant Jean-Baptiste , Langebroek Petra , Lear Caroline H. , LeGrande Allegra N. , Littler Kate , Markwick Paul , Otto-Bliesner Bette , Pearson Paul , Poulsen Christopher J. , Salzmann Ulrich , Shields Christine , Snell Kathryn , Stärz Michael , Super James , Tabor Clay , Tierney Jessica E. , Tourte Gregory J. L. , Tripati Aradhna , Upchurch Garland R. , Wade Bridget S. , Wing Scott L. , Winguth Arne M. E. , Wright Nicky M. , Zachos James C. , Zeebe Richard E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Past warm periods provide an opportunity to evaluate climate models under extreme forcing scenarios, in particular high ( >  800 ppmv) atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Although a post hoc intercomparison of Eocene ( ∼  50  Ma) climate model simulations and geological data has been carried out previously, models of past high-CO2 periods have never been evaluated in a consistent framework. Here, we present an experimental design for climate model simulations of three warm periods within the early Eocene and the latest Paleocene (the EECO, PETM, and pre-PETM). Together with the CMIP6 pre-industrial control and abrupt 4 ×  CO2 simulations, and additional sensitivity studies, these form the first phase of DeepMIP – the Deep-time Model Intercomparison Project, itself a group within the wider Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). The experimental design specifies and provides guidance on boundary conditions associated with palaeogeography, greenhouse gases, astronomical configuration, solar constant, land surface processes, and aerosols. Initial conditions, simulation length, and output variables are also specified. Finally, we explain how the geological data sets, which will be used to evaluate the simulations, will be developed.
Association between Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Sclerosis and Esophageal Dysmotility Assessed by High-Resolution Manometry
Authors: de Carlan Marine , Lescoat Alain , Brochard Charlène , Coiffier Guillaume , Cazalets Claire , Ropert Alain , Jégo Patrick 
Published: February 2017

Purpose To characterize esophageal involvement according to high-resolution manometry (HRM) findings using the 3rd version of the Chicago Classification, in a French population of patients fulfilling the ACR/EULAR 2013 classification criteria for systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods Thirty-six patients were consecutively included in this cross-sectional non-interventional study and had HRM performed in Rennes University hospital. Demographic and clinical characteristics, SSc history and interstitial lung disease (ILD) on CT-scan were assessed, and compared with esophageal motility. Results Sixty-one percent of SSc patients had ineffective peristalsis (55.6% failed peristalsis and 5.6% weak peristalsis), 33.3% had hypotensive esophagogastric junction pressure, 75% did not have a physiologic contraction following multiple rapid swallow (MRS), and 44.4% had an abnormal peristaltic reserve. One patient had type 1 achalasia and another one had Jackhammer esophagus. Failed peristalsis was associated with pyrosis (odds ratio [OR] 7.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51-35.21, p = 0.009), a higher modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) (without failed peristalsis: 4.68 ± 2.95 vs. with failed peristalsis: 10.68 ± 9.23; p<0.05), the presence of telangiectasia (OR 7, 95% CI 1.59-30.8, p = 0.007), and low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (p = 0.013). Food in the esophagus and esophageal dilation on CT-scan were associated with failed contractions on HRM (respectively, OR 6.85, 95% CI 1.12-40.82, p = 0.05, and OR 14.67, CI 2.4-88.5, p = 0.002). Conclusions This study confirms that failed peristalsis is frequent in SSc and associated with other organ involvement. We found a concordance between HRM results and CT-scan findings regarding esophageal involvement.
Aerosol‐driven increase in Arctic sea ice over the middle of the twentieth century
Authors: Gagné Marie‐Ève , Fyfe John C. , Gillett Nathan P. , Polyakov Igor V. , Flato Gregory M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUpdated observational data sets without climatological infilling show that there was an increase in sea ice concentration in the eastern Arctic between 1950 and 1975, contrary to earlier climatology infilled observational data sets that show weak interannual variations during that time period. We here present climate model simulations showing that this observed sea ice concentration increase was primarily a consequence of cooling induced by increasing anthropogenic aerosols and natural forcing. Indeed, sulphur dioxide emissions, which lead to the formation of sulphate aerosols, peaked around 1980 causing a sharp increase in the burden of sulphate between the 1950s and 1970s; but since 1980, the burden has dropped. Our climate model simulations show that the cooling contribution of aerosols offset the warming effect of increasing greenhouse gases over the midtwentieth century resulting in the expansion of the Arctic sea ice cover. These results challenge the perception that Arctic sea ice extent was unperturbed by human influence until the 1970s, suggesting instead that it exhibited earlier forced multidecadal variations, with implications for our understanding of impacts and adaptation in human and natural Arctic systems.
Use and misuse of large‐density asymptotics in the reaction‐infiltration instability
Authors: Ladd Anthony J. C. , Szymczak Piotr 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAnalyzing the dissolution of rocks and other porous materials is simplified by the large disparity between mineral and reactant concentrations. In essence, the porosity remains frozen on the time scale of the reactant transport, which can then be treated as a quasi‐stationary process. This conceptual idea can be derived mathematically using asymptotic methods, which show that the length scales in the system are, to a first approximation, independent of the ratio of reactant and mineral concentrations. Nevertheless, in a growing number of papers on dissolutional instabilities, the reactant‐mineral concentration ratio has been incorrectly linked to the thickness of the dissolution front. In this paper we critically review the application of asymptotic methods to the reaction‐infiltration instability. In particular, we discuss the limited validity of the thin‐front or “Stefan” limit, where the interface between dissolved and undissolved mineral is sharp.
Effect of volcanic dykes on coastal groundwater flow and saltwater intrusion: A field‐scale multiphysics approach and parameter evaluation
Authors: Comte J.‐C. , Wilson C. , Ofterdinger U. , González‐Quirós A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractVolcanic dykes are common discrete heterogeneities in aquifers; however, there is a lack of field examples of, and methodologies for, comprehensive in situ characterization of their properties with respect to groundwater flow and solute transport. We have applied an integrated multiphysics approach to quantify the effect of dolerite dykes on saltwater intrusion in a coastal sandstone aquifer. The approach involved ground geophysical imaging (passive magnetics and electrical resistivity tomography), well hydraulic testing, and tidal propagation analysis, which provided constraints on the geometry of the dyke network, the subsurface saltwater distribution, and the sandstone hydrodynamic properties and connectivity. A three‐dimensional variable‐density groundwater model coupled with a resistivity model was further calibrated using groundwater and geophysical observations. A good agreement of model simulations with tide‐induced head fluctuations, geophysically derived pore water salinities, and measured apparent resistivities was obtained when dykes' hydraulic conductivity, storativity, and effective porosity are respectively about 3, 1, and 1 orders of magnitude lower than the host aquifer. The presence of the dykes results in barrier‐like alterations of groundwater flow and saltwater intrusion. Preferential flow paths occur parallel to observed dyke orientations. Freshwater inflows from upland recharge areas concentrate on the land‐facing side of the dykes and saltwater penetration is higher on their sea‐facing side. This has major implications for managing groundwater resources in dyke‐intruded aquifers, including in coastal and island regions and provides wider insights on preferential pathways of groundwater flow and transport in highly heterogeneous aquifer systems.
CO2‐vegetation feedbacks and other climate changes implicated in reducing base flow
Authors: Trancoso Ralph , Larsen Joshua R. , McVicar Tim R. , Phinn Stuart R. , McAlpine Clive A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractChanges in the hydrological cycle have a significant impact in water limited environments. Globally, some of these regions are experiencing declining precipitation yet are simultaneously becoming greener, partly due to vegetation feedbacks associated with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Reduced precipitation together with increasing rates of actual evapotranspiration diminishes streamflow, especially base flow, a critical freshwater dry‐season resource. Here we assess recent changes in base flow in Australia from 1981–2013 and 1950–2013 and separate the contribution of precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and other factors on base flow trends. Our findings reveal that these other factors influencing the base flow trends are best explained by an increase in photosynthetic activity. These results provide the first robust observational evidence that increasing atmospheric CO2 and its associated vegetation feedbacks are reducing base flow in addition to other climatic impacts. These findings have broad implications for water resource management, especially in the world's water limited regions.
Chelation‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalyzed γ‐Arylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Dey Aniruddha , Pimparkar Sandeep , Deb Arghya , Guin Srimanta , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA palladium(II)‐catalyzed protocol for the highly regioselective remote γ‐C–H arylation of aliphatic carboxylic acid has been disclosed. The 8‐aminoquinoline moiety as an intramolecular bidentate chelator was found to be suitable for this γ‐C–H arylation. Various aryl iodides successfully produced the regioselectively mono‐arylated products with negligible diarylation. Functional group tolerance and easy‐to‐handle reaction conditions make this method attractive.magnified image
Reduced SnO2 Porous Nanowires with a High Density of Grain Boundaries as Catalysts for Efficient Electrochemical CO2‐into‐HCOOH Conversion
Authors: Kumar Bijandra , Atla Veerendra , Brian J. Patrick , Kumari Sudesh , Nguyen Tu Quang , Sunkara Mahendra , Spurgeon Joshua M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractElectrochemical conversion of CO2 into energy‐dense liquids, such as formic acid, is desirable as a hydrogen carrier and a chemical feedstock. SnOx is one of the few catalysts that reduce CO2 into formic acid with high selectivity but at high overpotential and low current density. We show that an electrochemically reduced SnO2 porous nanowire catalyst (Sn‐pNWs) with a high density of grain boundaries (GBs) exhibits an energy conversion efficiency of CO2‐into‐HCOOH higher than analogous catalysts. HCOOH formation begins at lower overpotential (350 mV) and reaches a steady Faradaic efficiency of ca. 80 % at only −0.8 V vs. RHE. A comparison with commercial SnO2 nanoparticles confirms that the improved CO2 reduction performance of Sn‐pNWs is due to the density of GBs within the porous structure, which introduce new catalytically active sites. Produced with a scalable plasma synthesis technology, the catalysts have potential for application in the CO2 conversion industry.