bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic, maternal, and infant health correlates of post‐partum depression in Jordan
Authors: Safadi Reema R. , Abushaikha Lubna A. , Ahmad Muayyad M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis cross‐sectional correlational study examined post‐partum depression and its relationship with demographic, maternal, and infant health problems in urban Jordanian women. Participants (n = 315) were selected from five maternal child healthcare centers and one major hospital in Amman, Jordan. Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 was used to measure post‐partum depression within 12 weeks of birth. A number of socio‐demographic and health problems were examined for an association with post‐partum depression. Results showed that 25% of post‐partum women suffered moderate to severe depression and 50% of the sample had mild depression. None of the socio‐demographic variables (age, education, employment, income) were significantly related to post‐partum depression; however, two obstetric/infant variables (mode of birth and breastfeeding), were significantly associated with post‐partum depression. There was a significant association between post‐partum depression and 15 health problems of obstetric, gynecologic (i.e. episiotomy pain, infection), and general health conditions (i.e. fatigue, headache). Nurses and midwives need to emphasize post‐partum depression screening, follow‐up, and proper management of maternal and infant health factors predisposing to post‐partum depression rather than merely focusing on women's inherent demographic factors.
Climate Projections and Uncertainty Communication
Authors: Joslyn Susan L. , LeClerc Jared E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLingering skepticism about climate change might be due in part to the way climate projections are perceived by members of the public. Variability between scientists’ estimates might give the impression that scientists disagree about the fact of climate change rather than about details concerning the extent or timing. Providing uncertainty estimates might clarify that the variability is due in part to quantifiable uncertainty inherent in the prediction process, thereby increasing people's trust in climate projections. This hypothesis was tested in two experiments. Results suggest that including uncertainty estimates along with climate projections leads to an increase in participants’ trust in the information. Analyses explored the roles of time, place, demographic differences (e.g., age, gender, education level, political party affiliation), and initial belief in climate change. Implications are discussed in terms of the potential benefit of adding uncertainty estimates to public climate projections.
Methane Seep Carbonates Host Distinct, Diverse, and Dynamic Microbial Assemblages
Authors: Case David H. , Pasulka Alexis L. , Marlow Jeffrey J. , Grupe Benjamin M. , Levin Lisa A. , Orphan Victoria J. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Marine methane seeps are globally distributed geologic features in which reduced fluids, including methane, are advected upward from the subsurface. As a result of alkalinity generation during sulfate-coupled methane oxidation, authigenic carbonates form slabs, nodules, and extensive pavements. These carbonates shape the landscape within methane seeps, persist long after methane flux is diminished, and in some cases are incorporated into the geologic record. In this study, microbial assemblages from 134 native and experimental samples across 5,500 km, representing a range of habitat substrates (carbonate nodules and slabs, sediment, bottom water, and wood) and seepage conditions (active and low activity), were analyzed to address two fundamental questions of seep microbial ecology: (i) whether carbonates host distinct microbial assemblages and (ii) how sensitive microbial assemblages are to habitat substrate type and temporal shifts in methane seepage flux. Through massively parallel 16S rRNA gene sequencing and statistical analysis, native carbonates are shown to be reservoirs of distinct and highly diverse seep microbial assemblages. Unique coupled transplantation and colonization experiments on the seafloor demonstrated that carbonate-associated microbial assemblages are resilient to seep quiescence and reactive to seep activation over 13 months. Various rates of response to simulated seep quiescence and activation are observed among similar phylogenies (e.g.,
Chloroflexi
operational taxonomic units) and similar metabolisms (e.g., putative S oxidizers), demonstrating the wide range of microbial sensitivity to changes in seepage flux. These results imply that carbonates do not passively record a time-integrated history of seep microorganisms but rather host distinct, diverse, and dynamic microbial assemblages.

IMPORTANCE
Since their discovery in 1984, the global distribution and importance of marine methane seeps have become increasingly clear. Much of our understanding of methane seep microorganisms—from metabolisms to community ecology—has stemmed from detailed studies of seep sediments. However, it has become apparent that carbonates represent a volumetrically significant habitat substrate at methane seeps. Through combined
in situ
characterization and incubation experiments, this study demonstrates that carbonates host microbial assemblages distinct from and more diverse than those of other seep habitats. This emphasizes the importance of seep carbonates as biodiversity locales. Furthermore, we demonstrate that carbonate-associated microbial assemblages are well adapted to withstand fluctuations in methane seepage, and we gain novel insight into particular taxa that are responsive (or recalcitrant) to changes in seep conditions.
Effect of ski geometry and standing height on kinetic energy: equipment designed to reduce risk of severe traumatic injuries in alpine downhill ski racing
Authors: Gilgien Matthias , Spörri Jörg , Kröll Josef , Müller Erich 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundInjuries in downhill (DH) are often related to high speed and, therefore, to high energy and forces which are involved in injury situations. Yet to date, no study has investigated the effect of ski geometry and standing height on kinetic energy (EKIN) in DH. This knowledge would be essential to define appropriate equipment rules that have the potential to protect the athletes’ health.MethodsDuring a field experiment on an official World Cup DH course, 2 recently retired world class skiers skied on 5 different pairs of skis varying in width, length and standing height. Course characteristics, terrain and the skiers’ centre of mass position were captured by a differential Global Navigational Satellite System-based methodology. EKIN, speed, ski–snow friction force (FF), ground reaction force (FGRF) and ski–snow friction coefficient (CoeffF) were calculated and analysed in dependency of the used skis.ResultsIn the steep terrain, longer skis with reduced width and standing height significantly decreased average EKINby ∼3%. Locally, even larger reductions of EKINwere observed (up to 7%). These local decreases in EKINwere mainly explainable by higher FF. Moreover, CoeffFdifferences seem of greater importance for explaining local FFdifferences than the differences in FGRF.ConclusionsKnowing that increased speed and EKINlikely lead to increased forces in fall/crash situations, the observed equipment-induced reduction inEKINcan be considered a reasonable measure to improve athlete safety, even though the achieved preventative gains are rather small and limited to steep terrain.
Graph-based Pólya’s urn: Completion of the linear case
Authors: Lima Yuri 
Published: December 2015

Given a finite connected graph [Formula: see text], place a bin at each vertex. Two bins are called a pair if they share an edge of [Formula: see text]. At discrete times, a ball is added to each pair of bins. In a pair of bins, one of the bins gets the ball with probability proportional to its current number of balls. This model was introduced by Benaim, Benjamini, Chen, and Lima. When [Formula: see text] is not balanced bipartite, Chen and Lucas proved that the proportion of balls in the bins converges to a point [Formula: see text] almost surely. We prove almost sure convergence for balanced bipartite graphs: the possible limit is either a single point [Formula: see text] or a closed interval [Formula: see text].
Progression of White Matter Disease and Cortical Thinning Are Not Related in Older Community-Dwelling Subjects
Authors: Dickie David Alexander , Karama Sherif , Ritchie Stuart J. , Cox Simon R. , Sakka Eleni , Royle Natalie A. , Aribisala Benjamin S. , Hernández Maria Valdés , Maniega Susana Muñoz , Pattie Alison , Corley Janie , Starr John M. , Bastin Mark E. , Evans Alan C. , Deary Ian J. , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—
We assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between whole brain white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume and regional cortical thickness.

Methods—
We measured WMH volume and regional cortical thickness on magnetic resonance imaging at ≈73 and ≈76 years in 351 community-dwelling subjects from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. We used multiple linear regression to calculate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between regional cortical thickness and WMH volume controlling for age, sex, Mini Mental State Examination, education, intelligence quotient at age 11, and vascular risk factors.

Results—
We found cross-sectional associations between WMH volume and cortical thickness within and surrounding the Sylvian fissure at 73 and 76 years (rho=−0.276, Q=0.004). However, we found no significant longitudinal associations between (1) baseline WMH volume and change in cortical thickness; (2) baseline cortical thickness and change in WMH volume; or (3) change in WMH volume and change in cortical thickness.

Conclusions—
Our results show that WMH volume and cortical thinning both worsen with age and are associated cross-sectionally within and surrounding the Sylvian fissure. However, changes in WMH volume and cortical thinning from 73 to 76 years are not associated longitudinally in these relatively healthy older subjects. The underlying cause(s) of WMH growth and cortical thinning have yet to be fully determined.
The Value of Being Wrong: Intermittent Feedback Delivery Alters the Striatal Response to Negative Feedback
Authors: Lempert Karolina M. , Tricomi Elizabeth 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Whereas positive feedback is both rewarding and informative, negative feedback can be construed as either punishing (because it is indicative of poor performance) or informative (because it may lead to goal attainment). In this neuroimaging experiment, we highlighted the informational value of negative feedback by intermixing trials with and without feedback. When performance feedback is expected, positive feedback triggers an increase in striatal activity, whereas negative feedback elicits a decrease in striatal activity. We predicted that, in contrast, when feedback receipt is unpredictable, the striatal response to negative feedback would increase. Participants performed a paired-associate learning task during fMRI scanning. In one condition (“blocked feedback”), the receipt of feedback was predictable—participants knew whether or not they would receive feedback for their responses. In another condition (“mixed feedback”), the receipt of feedback was unpredictable—on a random 50% of trials, participants received feedback, and they otherwise received no feedback. Negative feedback in the mixed feedback condition elicited more striatal activity than negative feedback in the blocked feedback condition. In contrast, feedback omission evoked more striatal activity when feedback delivery was expected, compared to when it was unpredictable. This pattern emerged from an increase in caudate activity in response to negative feedback in the mixed feedback condition and a decrease in ventral striatal activity in response to no feedback in this condition. These results suggest that, by emphasizing the informational value of negative feedback, an unpredictable feedback context alters the striatal response to negative feedback and to the omission of feedback.
The Stability of Passenger Vehicles at Tornado Wind Intensities of the (Enhanced) Fujita Scale
Authors: Paulikas Marius J. , Schmidlin Thomas W. , Marshall Timothy P. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Two independent datasets (total n = 959) of tornado-stricken passenger vehicles collected from 12 tornado events over a 15-yr time span are combined and tested to determine whether vehicle movement and/or upset are consistent at various wind speed intensities. Impacted vehicles are classified into three categories of upset motions (no movement, lateral shifting, rolling and lofting motions) for each wind intensity category of the Fujita and Enhanced Fujita scales. Vehicles observed by Schmidlin exposed to F1 and F2 winds are statistically assessed to determine if upset distribution values are consistent with those assessed by Marshall at these respective wind speeds; this same approach is subsequently conducted for vehicles at F3/EF3 and F4/EF4 winds. No statistical differences are found between the two sets of field survey data, which are therefore considered to be of the same population. Passenger vehicles are currently not utilized as damage indicators for rating tornado wind intensities, although the results of this study suggest that only 10% of vehicles are typically shifted at EF0 wind speeds, 36% are displaced at EF1 and EF2 winds (5% are rolled or lofted), 63% are displaced at EF3 and EF4 winds (15% are rolled and lofted), and all vehicles exhibit some form of movement or upset at the EF5 wind speed. The results of this study may potentially serve as a basis for providing better tornado safety protocols, designing safer vehicles and infrastructure, and estimating tornado wind speeds where few EF-scale damage indicators are available.
Thermosensitive hydrogel for periodontal application: in vitro drug release, antibacterial activity and toxicity evaluation
Authors: Pakzad Yousef , Ganji Fariba 
Published: December 2015

Injectable thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel is an attractive temperature-induced sol-gel solution that is widely used in drug delivery and biomedical applications. In this study, an injectable antimicrobial delivery system for periodontal treatment based on chitosan/gelatin/ β-glycerolphosphate solution has been developed. The result of thermal and mechanical evaluations of chitosan/gelatin/ β-glycerolphosphate hydrogel showed that adding gelatin to chitosan/ β-glycerolphosphate solution significantly decreased gelling time and increased gel strength at 37℃. The antimicrobial agents chosen for release studies were metronidazole with a low molecular weight and vancomycin hydrochloride with a high molecular weight. The initial burst and total in vitro drug release for metronidazole was 13% and 67%, respectively. The initial burst and total drug release for vancomycin hydrochloride was relatively low at 3% and 23%, respectively. The momentary and total percentage of metronidazole accumulated in the phosphate buffer revealed that chitosan/gelatin/ β-glycerolphosphate can develop and maintain sustained release of metronidazole in concentrations that are effective for eliminating pathogenic bacteria over time. Cytotoxicity evaluations show that chitosan/gelatin/ β-glycerolphosphate thermosensitive hydrogel is a drug carrier with no cytotoxic effects.
In vitro and in vivo osteogenic activity of the novel vancomycin-loaded bone-like hydroxyapatite/poly(amino acid) scaffold
Authors: Cao Zhidong , Jiang Dianming , Yan Ling , Wu Jun 
Published: December 2015

Background Antibiotic-loaded carriers were developed because of their ability to fill cavities and deliver antibiotics locally following implantation. However, the most commonly used antibiotic carrier, polymethyl methacrylate, has many shortcomings, such as heat production, non-bioresorbable and lack of bone regeneration or conduction. Bone-like hydroxyapatite/poly(amino acid) scaffolds have been shown to have controllable biodegradability, nontoxicity, some osteogenic and osteoconductive properties, which has great potential as a carrier for local delivery of antibiotics. Vancomycin-loaded bone-like hydroxyapatite/poly(amino acid) was successfully fabricated by a homogeneous method using a diffusion control system. In this study, bone regeneration using this scaffold was observed both in vitro and in vivo. Methods In vitro tests, MG63 cells were incubated with the vancomycin-loaded scaffold to observe its effects on the activation of osteoblasts. In vivo tests, the scaffolds were implanted into rabbit models of chronic osteomyelitis, including regular and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The effects were evaluated by gross observation, X-ray and histological observation. Results After incubating with the scaffold, MG63 cells exhibited good proliferative activity, and increased calcium and alkaline phosphatase synthesis compared with blank control group. In vivo tests, the experimental group showed increased bone growth in infectious bone defects compared with the control groups, regardless of the type of Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion Vancomycin-loaded bone-like hydroxyapatite/poly(amino acid) scaffold has good potential for the repair of infectious bone defects because of its ability to deliver antibiotics and promote bone regeneration.
Tooth modification for optimizing gear contact of a wind-turbine gearbox
Authors: Kim JeongSu , Park NoGill , Lee HyoungWoo 
Published: December 2015

This study investigates a method of calculating tooth modification amount of a wind-turbine gearbox. The requirements of high reliability and a service life of 20 years or longer for wind power gearboxes necessitate appropriate gear meshes, which require elaborate tooth modification. The interference between teeth caused by deformation of the gear body and the shaft alignment error, which is caused by deformation of system components such as the housing, the bearings, and the shaft, was calculated, and the result was used to determine the tooth modification parameters. Thus, a method of calculating tooth modification amount was developed that can be performed without trial and error; its reliability was confirmed by an evaluation through simulation. Contact was evenly distributed over the tooth surfaces after the tooth profile was corrected, thus improving the edge contact pattern relative to the situation before correction.
Soft Tissue Reconstruction After Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Gross Christopher E. , Garcia Ryan , Adams Samuel B. , DeOrio James K. , Easley Mark E. , Nunley James A. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Wound complications following total ankle replacement (TAR) may potentially lead to devastating consequences. Soft tissue coverage of the prosthesis and tendons with a flap potentially prevent a catastrophic cascade leading to infection and implant failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the success and complications of flaps following soft tissue defects as a result of total ankle arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively identified a consecutive series of 1001 primary TARs performed between January 1998 and December 2014 whose data were prospectively collected. We then identified patients who required a secondary surgery to treat soft tissue defects that were not amenable to split-thickness skin grafting. Clinical outcomes including secondary procedures, wound healing failure, complications, and implant failure rate were recorded. Nineteen patients had a total of 44 operative procedures to treat wound issues (1.9% of all prostheses). The follow-up time from the flap procedure is 24.1 months. Results: More than two-thirds (13/19) of patients had 1 or more previous surgeries on the ankle, for an average of 1.2 procedures. The mean time to the flap procedure was 13.1 weeks after the index TAR. The most common reason for flap coverage was a non-healing anterior wound. Thirteen of 19 patients (68.4%) underwent formal operative wound exploration and debridement prior to their definitive flap coverage. The average size of the wound was 5.4 × 3.8 cm with an average area of 24.9 cm2. The most common type of flap performed was a sural pedicle flap followed by a propeller flap. There were 4 flap failures (21.1%), with 2 subsequent below-the-knee amputations. No TAR patients developed a deep infection following a flap unless they had a preexisting infection. In patients who had a successful flap, there were significant improvements in their American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot, visual analog scale (VAS), and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment bother index, but not their Short Form-36 scores. Conclusion: Ankle wounds that occur after TAR can result in a devastating outcome, but management with a coordinated effort with surgeons with microvascular experience can help achieve salvage of the prosthesis. A variety of flap reconstruction options are available and should be employed to improve the rate of implant survival and retention. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Single-stage endovascular treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage related to bilateral vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms
Authors: Zhao Wen-Yuan , Zhao Kai-Jun , Huang Qing-Hai , Xu Yi , Hong Bo , Liu Jian-Min 
Published: December 2015

Objective Treatment of bilateral vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage remains challenging as bilateral deconstructive procedures may not be feasible. In this case series, we describe our approach to their management and review the pertinent literature. Method A retrospective review of our prospectively collected database on aneurysms was performed to identify all patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage in the setting of bilateral intradural vertebral artery dissections (VAD) encompassing a period from January 2000 and March 2012. Result Four patients (M/F = 2/2; mean age, 51.5 years) were identified. In two cases the site of rupture could be identified by angiographic and cross-sectional features; in these patients deconstructive treatment (proximal obliteration or trapping) of the ruptured site and reconstructive treatment of the unruptured site (using stents and coils) were performed. In the patients in whom the site of hemorrhage could not be determined, bilateral reconstructive treatment was performed. No treatment-related complications were encountered. Modified Rankin scale scores were 0–1 at discharge, and on follow-up (mean 63 months), no recurrence, in-stent thrombosis or new neurological deficits were encountered. Conclusion We believe that single-stage treatment in patients with bilateral VAD is indicated: If the site of hemorrhage can be determined, we prefer deconstructive treatment on the affected site and reconstructive treatment on the non-affected site to prevent increased hemodynamic stress on the unruptured but diseased wall. If the site of dissection cannot be determined, we prefer bilateral reconstructive treatment to avoid increasing hemodynamic stress on the potentially untreated acute hemorrhagic dissection.