bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Que savons-nous des travailleurs sociaux ? Un débat à plusieurs voix
Authors: Vuille Michel 
Published: March 2016

Cet article est le résultat et la synthèse d’un débat que le comité de rédaction suisse a eu avec des invités autour des 3 contributions de Troutot, Sauvin et Dind. Il est « réactif » et révèle donc plus les lacunes et fixe les limites qu’il n’esquisse des pistes ou des positions nouvelles. Il reprend des thèmes tels que l’idéologie et le malaise des travailleurs sociaux, classes sociales et travail social, discours et changements.
L’auteur y ajoute sa note personnelle, et fait des remarques au sujet du changement d’attitude des travailleurs sociaux face à leur travail : « À l’inverse des « pionniers » qui se sont engagés « jusqu’au cou » (...) les nouveaux travailleurs optent plus volontiers pour le temps partiel, pour des changements de postes fréquents, etc. »
L’approche structurelle familiale en service social : le résultat d’un itinéraire critique
Authors: Moreau Maurice 
Published: March 2016

L’approche structurelle que l’auteur a développée vise deux objectifs : réduire la distance sociale entre l’intervenante et la cliente, comprendre et résoudre les problèmes sociaux dans leur contexte social, politique et économique. Le postulat de base est que les conditions matérielles objectives engendrées par le patriarcat et le mode de production capitaliste déterminent la façon dont les hommes et les femmes, selon leur classe sociale, pensent et agissent.
À travers le récit critique de son cheminement de formation, l’auteur expose comment divers modèles de thérapie familiale (Epstein, Minuchin, Satir) et d’intervention de réseau lui ont permis d’élaborer de façon critique son propre modèle d’approche structurelle.
Urbanisme et vie locale : une expérience d’information-consultation dans un quartier de Genève
Authors: Aebersold Jean-Pierre , Dind Daniel 
Published: March 2016

La ville de Genève a entrepris une étude de l’aménagement de son territoire à laquelle elle a voulu associer la population, notamment au plan de l’information. Un groupe pluridisciplinaire (architectes, travailleurs sociaux, militants de groupes d’habitants) a été constitué en vue d’élaborer des stratégies de consultation des habitants. Trois cents personnes ont participé à des discussions relatives à l’avenir de leur quartier et ont rédigé un « Cahier des besoins ». Quelle signification publique faut-il accorder à un tel processus ? Comment prendre en compte la diversité des besoins exprimés ? Quelles suites donner à cette démarche ?
La Neefsteeg à Anvers
Authors: Cosyns Dirk 
Published: March 2016

L’auteur de l’article relate les étapes d’une lutte menée par des habitants menacés d’expulsion, dans un quartier d’Anvers.
On y découvre comment, à travers leurs difficultés, leurs échecs, leurs victoires, les personnes concernées sont arrivées à se mobiliser, à s’organiser; comment elles en sont venues à faire appel à la solidarité ouvrière au delà du quartier et à donner des prolongements à l’action ponctuelle.
On y lit comment le passage d’une position de défense à une action offensive appuyée sur la législation permit d’obtenir des résultats positifs.
Le Service d’aménagement populaire et les coopératives
Authors: Lauzon Gilles , Sévigny Marcel 
Published: March 2016

Le Service d’aménagement populaire (S.A.P.) est né d’une expérience de liaison aux milieux populaires de la part d’un groupe d’étudiants en architecture à l’Université de Montréal sur la base d’une Clinique d’aménagement autogérée par les participants. La Clinique venait en aide aux groupes de locataires qui luttaient contre les évictions ou les hausses de loyers ou voulaient mettre sur pied des coopératives d’habitation.
En septembre 1977 les étudiants décident de poursuivre l’expérience de la Clinique en dehors des murs de l’Université de Montréal et demandent, pour ce faire, une subvention gouvernementale pour l’aide à la mise sur pied de coopératives d’habitation qui finançait, dans ce cadre, des Groupes de ressources techniques (G.R.T.).
L’article présente la situation et les problèmes que rencontre présentement le mouvement des coopératives d’habitation au Québec. Il traite également des problèmes concrets d’intervention que rencontrent autant les coopérateurs que les membres des G.R.T. Plus fondamentalement il soulève la question de l’enjeu des coopératives comme moyen pour lutter contre les diverses formes de centralisme en faisant appel à la perspective autogestionnaire.
Les luttes de locataires de H.L.M.
Authors: Stanhope Thérèse , Hamel Pierre 
Published: March 2016

Les locataires de H.L.M. au Québec sont confrontés depuis plusieurs années à divers problèmes liés au mode gestion des H.L.M. et aux politiques gouvernementales de logement.
En mai 1979 les locataires de H.L.M. de toutes les régions du Québec mettaient sur pied une Association provinciale des locataires de logements municipaux. Cette association répondait avant tout à un besoin de solidarité. Mais elle correspondait également à un besoin d’organisation étant donné que certaines questions, comme l’échelle des loyers, ne se traitent qu’au niveau provincial.
Cette entrevue fait en quelque sorte un survol des problèmes et des difficultés que rencontrent les locataires de H.L.M. Mais elle traite aussi des perspectives d’action que l’on peut maintenant entrevoir.
Participer à la vie locale : le cas de Meylan
Authors: Roudet Bernard 
Published: March 2016

Meylan est une petite commune de l’agglomération de Grenoble qui a attiré l’attention de nombreux observateurs en raison du développement extraordinaire de la vie associative. Meylan est gérée depuis 1971 par une équipe d’orientation socialiste dont l’élection est le signe de l’émergence sur le plan communal de nouvelles couches sociales moyennes et supérieures.
La vie sociale à Meylan est pensée en termes de vie associative, dans une perspective de gestion communautaire de la cité. Mais ce projet participatif n’est pas sans ambiguïté. Il met en évidence la contradiction dans laquelle se trouve toute association prise entre les nécessités de la gestion d’un espace urbain et la spécificité des pratiques qui s’y inscrivent. Quelles sont dès lors les conditions d’une réelle démocratisation de la vie locale ?
Crystallinity improvements of Ge waveguides fabricated by epitaxial lateral overgrowth
Authors: Oda Katsuya , Okumura Tadashi , Kasai Junichi , Kako Satoshi , Iwamoto Satoshi , Arakawa Yasuhiko 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Ge waveguides (WGs) were successfully fabricated on an SiO2 layer by combining epitaxial lateral overgrowth, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), and reactive ion etching (RIE) of a Ge layer selectively grown on SiO2 patterns using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. Selectivity was promoted by increasing the growth temperature; the length of the epitaxial lateral overgrown Ge layer reached 5 µm on the SiO2 layer under conditions of optimal selective growth at a temperature of 750 °C. The Ge layers were planarized using CMP down to a thickness of 1 µm, and then Ge WGs as active regions for light emitting devices were formed by using RIE on the planarized Ge layers. After defective regions around the Ge/Si interface were removed, 4-times-higher photoluminescence was obtained from the Ge WGs compared with one that contained the Ge/Si interface. These results indicate that this combined technique efficiently improved the performance of Ge light-emitting devices.
An exploration of key issues and potential solutions that impact physician wellbeing and professional fulfillment at an academic center
Authors: Schrijver Iris , Brady Keri J.S. , Trockel Mickey 
Published: March 2016

Background.Physician wellness is a vital element of a well-functioning health care system. Not only is physician wellness empirically associated with quality and patient outcomes, but its ramifications span individual, interpersonal, organizational, and societal levels. The purpose of this study was to explore academic physicians’ perceptions about their work-related wellness, including the following questions: (a) What are the workplace barriers and facilitators to their wellness? (b) What workplace solutions do theythinkwouldimprove their wellness? (c)What motivates their work? and (d) What existing wellness programs are they aware of?Methods.A multi-method design was applied to conduct a total of 19 focus group sessions in 17 clinical departments. All academic faculty ranks and career lines were represented in the 64 participating physicians, who began the sessions with five open-ended survey questions pertaining to physician wellness in their work environment. Participants entered their answers into a web-based survey program that enabled anonymous data collection. The initial survey component was followed by semi-structured focus group discussion. Data analysis of this qualitative study was informed by the general inductive approach as well as a review of extant literature through September 2015 on physician wellness, professional fulfillment, satisfaction, dissatisfaction, burnout and work-life.Results.Factors intrinsic to the work of physicians dominated the expressed reasons for work motivation. These factors all related to the theme of overall contribution, with categories of meaningful work, patient care, teaching, scientific discovery, self-motivation and matching of career interests. Extrinsic factors such as perceptions of suboptimal goal alignment, inadequate support, restricted autonomy, lack of appreciation, and suboptimal compensation and benefits dominated the risk of professional dissatisfaction.Discussion.Our findings indicate that the factors that enhance professional fulfillment and those that precipitate burnout are distinct: motivation and quality of work performed were supported by domains intrinsic to the work itself, whereas external dysfunctional work aspects resulted in frustration. Thus, it can be anticipated that optimization of physician wellness would require tailored approaches in each of these dimensions with sustained funding and support for wellness initiatives. Physicians identified the availability of resources to enable them to thrive and provide excellent patient care as their most important wellness-enhancing factor.
Prediction Error After Lens Implantation in Children With Axial Length Less than 22 mm Below 2 Yrs
Authors: Gupta Reena , Ganesh Suma , Singh Chekitaan , Khurana A.K 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:
To compare the accuracy of IOL power calculation in children less than 2 years of age with axial length less than 22 mm using the SRK-T, SRK-II, and Hoffer-Q formulae.

Design:
Retrospective comparative study.

Methods:
We retrospectively analysed 68 eyes of 39 children below 2 years of age with axial length less than 22 mm who underwent cataract surgery with primary IOL implantation. We assessed the accuracy of predicted refraction using SRK-T, SRK-II and Hoffer-Q formulae in each of the eyes by calculating and comparing mean prediction error and mean absolute prediction error with each formula. Children with a minimum follow up of 6 weeks were enrolled to study the absolute prediction error.

Results:
Mean absolute prediction error was significantly different among the three formulae used for IOL power calculation in each eye (Friedman test, p-value=0.0009). There also existed statistically significant difference between SRK-T and SRK-II, SRK-T and Hoffer-Q, SRK-II and Hoffer-Q (Signed rank test, p-value= 0.0001). Absolute prediction error was minimum with SRK-II (1.85± 1.85) while it was maximum with Hoffer-Q (3.70± 4.01). Mean absolute prediction error with SRK-T was 2.09± 2.73. The clinical accuracy of absolute prediction error within ± 0.5D and ± 1 D was seen in 22 % and 40% of the eyes respectively with SRK-T while it was seen in 19 % and 38% of the eyes with SRK-II. Pearson correlation coefficient showed strong negative correlation between mean absolute prediction error with each of the three formulae and age at the time of surgery and also axial length. Lesser the age at surgery, more is the absolute prediction error. The shorter the axial length, more is the prediction error. There was no correlation of any of the formulae with mean keratometry reading. There existed positive correlation of SRK-II, Hoffer-Q and IOL power implanted. Higher the IOL power, more is the prediction error.

Conclusion:
The accuracy of SRK-T and SRK-II was comparable in calculating IOL power in children with axial length less than 22 mm and below 2 years of age
Intense submesoscale upwelling in anticyclonic eddies
Authors: Brannigan L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObservations from around the global ocean show that enhanced biological activity can be found in anticyclonic eddies. This may mean that upwelling of nutrient‐rich water occurs within the eddy, but such upwelling is not captured by models that resolve mesoscale processes. High‐resolution simulations presented here show intense submesoscale upwelling from the thermocline to the mixed layer in anticyclonic eddies. The properties of the upwelling are consistent with a process known as symmetric instability. A simple limiting nutrient experiment shows that this upwelling can drive much higher biological activity in anticyclonic eddies when there is a high nutrient concentration in the thermocline. An estimate for the magnitude of upwelling associated with symmetric instability in anticyclonic eddies in the Sargasso Sea shows that it may be of comparable magnitude to other processes, though further work is required to understand the full implications for basin‐scale nutrient budgets.
Impact of early postoperative platelet count on volumetric liver gain and perioperative outcomes after major liver resection
Authors: Margonis G A , Amini N , Buettner S , Besharati S , Kim Y , Sobhani F , Kamel I R , Pawlik T M 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background
Although perioperative platelet count has been associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality, its impact on liver regeneration has not been examined directly. This study sought to determine the impact of platelet count on liver regeneration after major liver resection using cross-sectional imaging volumetric assessment.

Methods
Patients who underwent major liver resection between 2004 and 2015 and had available data on immediate postoperative platelet count, as well as preoperative and postoperative CT images, were identified retrospectively. Resected liver volume was subtracted from total liver volume (TLV) to define postoperative remnant liver volume (RLVp). The liver regeneration index was defined as the relative increase in liver volume within 2 months ((RLV2m – RLVp)/RLVp, where RLV2m is the remnant liver volume around 2 months after surgery). The association between platelet count, liver regeneration and outcomes was assessed.

Results
A total of 99 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 25 patients (25 per cent) had a low platelet count (less than 150 × 109/l), whereas 74 had a normal–high platelet count (at least 150 × 109/l). Despite having comparable clinicopathological characteristics and RLVp/TLV at surgery (P = 0·903), the relative increase in liver volume within 2 months was considerably lower in the low-platelet group (3·9 versus 16·5 per cent; P = 0·043). Patients with a low platelet count had an increased risk of postoperative complications (72 versus 38 per cent; P = 0·003), longer hospital stay (8 versus 6 days; P = 0·004) and worse median overall survival (24·5 versus 67·3 months; P = 0·005) than those with a normal or high platelet count.

Conclusion
After major liver resection, a low postoperative platelet count was associated with inhibited liver regeneration, as well as worse short- and long-term outcomes. Immediate postoperative platelet count may be an early indicator to identify patients at increased risk of worse outcomes.
Relaxation Dynamics and Magnetic Anisotropy in a Low‐Symmetry DyIII Complex
Authors: Lucaccini Eva , Briganti Matteo , Perfetti Mauro , Vendier Laure , Costes Jean‐Pierre , Totti Federico , Sessoli Roberta , Sorace Lorenzo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe magnetic behaviour of a Dy(LH)3 complex (LH− is the anion of 2‐hydroxy‐N′‐[(E)‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)methylidene]benzhydrazide) was analysed in depth from both theoretical and experimental points of view. Cantilever torque magnetometry indicated that the complex has Ising‐type anisotropy, and provided two possible directions for the easy axis of anisotropy due to the presence of two magnetically non‐equivalent molecules in the crystal. Ab initio calculations confirmed the strong Ising‐type anisotropy and disentangled the two possible orientations. The computed results obtained by using ab initio calculations were then used to rationalise the composite dynamic behaviour observed for both pure DyIII phase and YIII diluted phase, which showed two different relaxation channels in zero and non‐zero static magnetic fields. In particular, we showed that the relaxation behaviour at the higher temperature range can be correctly reproduced by using a master matrix approach, which suggests that Orbach relaxation is occurring through a second excited doublet.
Amitriptyline protects against TNF‐α‐induced atrophy and reduction in synaptic markers via a Trk‐dependent mechanism
Authors: O'Neill Eimear , Kwok Billy , Day Jennifer S. , Connor Thomas J. , Harkin Andrew 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNeuritic degeneration and synaptic loss are features of both neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease. The tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline has neurotrophic and anti‐inflammatory properties and acts as a novel agonist of the neurotrophin Trk receptors. Primary cortical neurons were treated with amitriptyline, nortriptyline and NGF and tested for neuronal complexity by Sholl analysis, protein expression by Western immunoblotting, and synapse number by colocalization of pre and postsynaptic makers. Amitriptyline (500 nmol/L) and its active metabolite nortriptyline (50 nmol/L) are found to induce neurite outgrowth in rat primary cortical neurons. Amitriptyline‐induced neurite outgrowth is blocked by inhibition of Trk signaling using Trk antagonist K252a (200 nmol/L) but not by the neurotrophin inhibitor Y1036 (40 μmol/L), indicating that amitriptyline binds directly to the Trk receptor to initiate neurite outgrowth. MEK inhibitor PD98059 (10 μmol/L) also blocks amitriptyline‐induced neurite outgrowth, implicating activation of the MAPK signaling pathway downstream of Trk receptor activation. Furthermore, pretreatment of primary cortical neurons with amitriptyline and nortriptyline prevents the effects of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF‐α (10 ng/mL) on neurite outgrowth and colocalization of synaptic proteins. These findings suggest that amitriptyline and nortriptyline can exert neurotrophic effects in primary cortical neurons via activation of a Trk/MAPK signaling pathway. These compounds therefore have significant potential to be used in the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions where atrophy and loss of synaptic connections contribute to progression of disease.
Photosynthesis and primary production in Lake Kasumigaura (Japan) monitored monthly since 1981
Authors: Takamura Noriko , Nakagawa Megumi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study reports the primary production of phytoplankton determined with a 13C tracer, and their related variables, in Lake Kasumigaura, a shallow, hyper‐eutrophic lake, and the second largest lake in Japan. Measurements were conducted monthly from August 1981 to December 2013 at four stations within the lake. Monitoring was a component of the Lake Kasumigaura Long‐term Environmental Monitoring program, conducted by the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) since 1977. The program collects data on water quality, and plankton and benthic communities. Lake Kasumigaura is registered as a core site of the Japan Long‐term Ecological Research Network (JaLTER), which is a member of the International Long‐term Ecological Research Network (ILTER). This dataset includes daily primary production (Pzd gC m−2 d−1) and the six parameters required to calculate Pzd: maximum photosynthesis rate (Pmax gC gC−1 h−1); light irradiance at the junction of the initial slope (α (gC gC−1 h−1) (μmol photon m−2 s−1)−1) and Pmax of the photosynthesis vs. irradiance (P vs. E) curve (Ek μmol photon m−2 s−1); attenuation coefficient of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) (KPAR m−1); water depth at each sampling station (Zb, m); dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC mgC L−1) and particulate organic carbon concentrations (POC gC m−3); and chlorophyll a amounts (Chl.a μg L−1). Daily primary production was calculated by obtaining a P vs. E curve over a short‐term incubation (approximately 1 h) in a water tank using in situ water temperature in the laboratory, based on the field conditions of the sampling date. The dataset has been used for ecological studies as well as for management studies on water quality and ecosystems. This dataset is unique among the available published papers concerning lakes or primary production in various ecosystems, collected over a long period of time and freely available.
CAEP 2015 Academic Symposium: Current State and Recommendations to Achieve Adequate and Sustainable Funding for Emergency Medicine Academic Units
Authors: Lang Eddy S. , Artz Jennifer D. , Wilkie Ryan D. , Stiell Ian G. , Topping Claude , Belanger François P. , Afilalo Marc , Renouf Tia , Crocco Anthony , Wyatt Kelly , Christenson Jim 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the current state of academic emergency medicine (EM) funding in Canada and develop recommendations to grow and establish sustainable funding.MethodsA panel of eight leaders from different EM academic units was assembled. Using mixed methods (including a literature review, sharing of professional experiences, a survey of current EM academic heads, and data previously collected from an environmental scan), 10 recommendations were drafted and presented at an academic symposium. Attendee feedback was incorporated, and the second set of draft recommendations was further distributed to the Canadian Association Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Academic Section for additional comments before being finalized.ResultsRecommendations were developed around the funding challenges identified and solutions developed by academic EM university-based units across Canada. A strategic plan was seen as integral to achieving strong funding of an EM unit, especially when it aligned with departmental and institutional priorities. A business plan, although occasionally overlooked, was deemed an important component for planning and sustaining the academic mission. A number of recommendations surrounding philanthropy consisted of creating partnerships with existing foundations and engaging multiple stakeholders and communities. Synergy between academic and clinical EM departments was also viewed as an opportunity to ensure integration of common missions. Education and networking for current and future leaders were also viewed as invaluable to ensure that opportunities are optimized through strong leadership development and shared experiences to further the EM academic missions across the country.ConclusionsThese recommendations were designed to improve the financial circumstances for many Canadian EM units. There is a considerable wealth of resources that can contribute to financial stability for an academic unit, and an annual networking meeting and continuing education on these issues will facilitate more rapid implementation of these recommendations.