bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of Machine Learning Models for Radial Compressor Monitoring With Instability Detection
Authors: Carrattieri Lorenzo , Cravero Carlo , Marsano Davide , Valenti Emiliano , Sishtla Vishnu , Halbe Chaitanya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Modern radial compressors are designed to operate with high performance and a wide range of applications while minimizing their environmental impact. It is necessary to study the machine near the stability limit and gain a comprehensive understanding of the fluid dynamic mechanisms that trigger the instability in the system to extend the operating range at high efficiency. Machine learning aids in developing pattern identification models for detecting compressor instability. In a prior study, a two-stage radial compressor for refrigerant gas underwent extensive simulation, capturing unsteady RANS conditions and generating a substantial dataset of pressure signals from multiple probes. Selected signals, coupled with detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) post-processing, revealed fluid dynamic structures near surge conditions. This study utilizes all pressure signals to assess the stage's operational state (stable, transient, or unstable/surge). An additional goal is to develop an algorithm predicting flow patterns in different stage sections with minimal pressure signals at the rotor inlet. This is a preliminary step toward the development of a smart monitoring and diagnostic model for the compressor installed in a plant. The developed model consists of three submodels, trained with CFD results obtained from unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations. The three submodels are a regression submodule, a classification submodule, and a forecasting algorithm. The regression submodule predicts diffuser static pressure fields, the classification submodule categorizes whether the compressor is in a critical condition or not, and the forecasting algorithm predicts the inducer pressure signals in the future impeller rotations according to the actual operation history. These sub-modules work together to forecast whether the compressor, according to the operation strategy, is going into instability conditions.
Experimental Performance Investigation of Double-Slope Solar Still With Splitter Plate and Hollow Circular Fins
Authors: Prasad Vivek , Verma Vikas , Tarodiya Rahul , Choudhary Tushar , Ravi Ravi Kant , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The present work aims to experimentally study the output production and cost analysis of conventional double-slope solar still (CSS), double-slope solar still with hollow circular fins (SSHCF), and double-slope solar still with hollow circular fins and splitter plate (SSHCFS). The motivation behind the use of fins and fins with a splitter in the existing conventional system is to elevate the area for heat transfer rate and increase the overall efficiency. The experimental results established that using splitter plate along with the fin inside the double-slope solar still (SSHCFS) increases the output yield of freshwater compared to that of the CSS and SSHCF. The average accumulated freshwater yield of 2.05 L/m2/day is achieved in the case of SSHCFS, which is 9.62% and 21.30% higher compared to SSHCF and CSS, respectively. The measured hourly efficiency for SSHCFS is 50.59%, more than 4.2% and 2.3% compared to SSHCF and CSS, respectively. Furthermore, a comparative cost analysis of distilled water for different designs is also presented.
The Effect of Additive “Depositional” Reprofiling of Compressor Blade Leading Edges on Engine Performance
Authors: Mullaney Drew , Jones Merren , Bojdo Nicholas , Covey-Crump Stephen , Pawley Alison 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A common problem for gas turbine engines after ingesting atmospheric dust is compressor fouling, where small particles adhere to component surfaces. By sampling components from both a test engine and a service engine, deposits that are hard and sintered were observed to have formed on the leading edges of compressor blades and stators reprofiling their leading-edge geometry. Sectioning of the components showed that the deposits consist of layers of different chemical compositions and that new minerals have crystallized within the deposits. The change in geometry caused by the deposits suggests that they negatively affect the operating incidence range, surface pressure distribution, and profile losses from the design intent of the original component, changing the compressor working line and reducing surge margin, efficiency, and pressure ratio.
Acute Effects of Taurine Supplementation on Maximal Fat Oxidation and FATmax in Recreational Endurance Runners: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover, and Triple-Blinded Study
Authors: Ghazzagh Abdolrahman , Naderi Alireza , Agha-Alinejad Hamid , Livani Ali , Sarlak Mohsen , Aghamohammadi Samaneh , Saunders Bryan 
Published: October 2024

Taurine (TAU) has been shown to improve time to exhaustion (TTE) and fat oxidation during exercise; however, no studies have examined the effect of acute TAU supplementation on maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and related intensity to MFO (FATmax). Our study aimed to investigate the effect of acute TAU supplementation on MFO, FATmax, VO2peak, and TTE. Eleven recreationally trained male endurance runners performed three incremental running tests. The first visit included a familiarization to the test, followed by two subsequent visits in which exercise was performed 90 min after ingestion of either 6-g TAU or placebo (PLA) using a triple-blind randomized crossover design. There was no effect of TAU on MFO (p = .89, d = −0.07, TAU: 0.48 ± 0.22 g/min; PLA: 0.49 ± 0.15 g/min or FATmax (p = .26, d = −0.66; TAU: 49.17 ± 15.86 ; PLA: 56.00 ± 13.27 ). TTE was not significantly altered (TAU: 1,444.8 ± 88.6 s; PLA: 1,447.6 ± 87.34 s; p = .65, d = −0.04). TAU did not show any effect on in comparison with PLA (TAU: 58.9 ± 8.4 ml·kg−1·min−1; PLA: 56.5 ± 5.7 ml·kg−1·min−1, p = .47, d = 0.48). However, was increased with TAU at most stages of exercise with large effect sizes. The acute ingestion of 6 g of TAU before exercise did not enhance MFO, FATmax, or TTE. However, it did increase the oxygen cost of running fixed intensities in recreationally trained endurance runners.
Comparing Workplace Experiences of Physical Education Teachers and Physical Education Teacher Education Faculty Members
Authors: Kim Youngjoon , Simonton Kelly , Richards Kevin Andrew 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to understand differences in workplace experiences based on occupation (i.e., physical education, physical education teacher education) and gender (i.e., male, female). Methods: Survey data were used to evaluate perceptions of mattering, resilience, marginalization, isolation, role stressors, and emotional exhaustion among physical educators (n = 421) and teacher educators (n = 286). Results: Factorial analyses of variance showed that teacher educators reported higher perceived mattering and less marginality and isolation than in-service teachers. Teachers reported higher role ambiguity and emotional exhaustion, and teacher educators reported more role conflict and overload. Female faculty members reported the highest role overload among the groups, and male physical education teachers felt more overloaded than did female teachers. Women reported less resilience. Discussion: The results provide initial empirical evidence that higher education contexts may be perceived as less stressful, which supports the implied notion of in-service teachers’ washing up to higher education roles.
Exploration of North American Quaternary geology at the La Brea Tar Pits (California, USA)
Authors: Taormina* Rebecca A. , Murphy Laura 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
On this one-day field trip, we will explore the profound scientific discoveries offered by the well-preserved fossil deposits in La Brea Tar Pits, California, USA. We will examine the complex late Quaternary ecosystems of southern California. Predators, like the saber-toothed cat, and large megafauna, like the Columbian mammoth, have provided ample data about mammal behavior over the last 50 thousand years. During the trip, we will explore the ongoing excavation and discuss various methodologies. Among other topics, we will decipher biodiversity, extinction patterns, and ecological interdependencies during prehistoric eras. We will also look at the significance and the implications for future scientific discovery.
Supplemental Material: Detrital zircon provenance links between outcrop and subsurface, Rocas Verdes and Magallanes-Austral Basins, Patagonia
Authors: Almonte N. Gross , al. et 
Published: October 2024

<p>Data Set 1: U-Pb detrital zircon data table results from LA-ICP-MS. Data Set 2: U-Pb data inputs for IsoplotR weighted mean average (WMA) calculations. Data Set 3: Raw and normalized point-count data. </p>
Qualitative genomic research with Indigenous peoples: a scoping review of participatory practice
Authors: Ehman Morgan , Caron Nadine R , Montour Laurie , Regier Dean A 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionIndigenous peoples and perspectives are under-represented within genomic research. Qualitative methods can help redress this under-representation by informing the development of inclusive genomic resources aligned with Indigenous rights and interests. The difficult history of genomic research with Indigenous peoples requires that research be conducted responsibly and collaboratively. Research guidelines offer structuring principles, yet little guidance exists on how principles translate into practical, community-led methods. We identified the scope and nature of participatory practice described in published qualitative genomic research studies with Indigenous peoples.MethodsWe performed a search of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and the Bibliography of Indigenous Peoples in North America. Eligible studies reported qualitative methods investigating genomics-related topics with Indigenous populations in Canada, the USA, Australia or New Zealand. Abstracted participatory practices were defined through a literature review and mapped to a published ethical genomic research framework.ResultsWe identified 17 articles. Published articles described a breadth of methods across a diversity of Indigenous peoples and settings. Reported practices frequently promoted Indigenous-partnered research regulation, community engagement and co-creation of research methods. The extent of participatory and community-led practice appeared to decrease as studies progressed.ConclusionApplying non-prescriptive Indigenous genomic research guidelines to qualitative inquiry can be achieved through varied methodological approaches. Our findings affirm the adaptive nature of this process in real-world settings and identify opportunities for participatory practice and improved reporting across the research lifecycle. These findings and the breadth of characterised applied research practices are instructive for researchers seeking to develop much-needed qualitative genomic research partnerships.
Development of a multifactorial prediction model for commute mode choice in 10 983 Finnish public sector employees: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Makkonen Anna , Gluschkoff Kia , Airaksinen Jaakko , Halonen Jaana I , Salo Paula , Ervasti Jenni 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the feasibility of using survey data to identify factors that predict commute mode choice.DesignThe study design is cross-sectional.SettingSurvey data from the Finnish Public Sector study (2020) were used.Participants42 574 public sector employees, of whom 10 983 were selected for the final sample. These included employees with 5 km or less commuting distances and those working full-time onsite or partly remotely. The mean age was 46 (SD 11) years, and 84% were women.Primary outcomesCommute by (1) bike or foot (an active mode) during summer and winter weather and (2) by car (a passive mode) during summer and winter weather.MethodsUsing logistic Lasso (least-absolute-shrinkage-and-selection-operator) regression, we developed and tested a prediction model for short commutes of 5 km or less to identify the characteristics of employees most likely to commute actively during summer and winter weather and passively during summer and winter weather.ResultsAll models had a good predictive ability with a C-index of 0.82, 0.77, 0.72 and 0.71. Cycling and walking during summer weather were predicted by shorter commutes, higher physical activity, lower body mass index (BMI), female sex and higher team psychological safety. Predictors of cycling and walking during winter weather were shorter commute length, higher physical activity, lower BMI and higher age. Commuting by car during summer weather was predicted by longer journey length, higher BMI, lower physical activity, male sex and having children 7–18 years old living at home. Predictors of driving during winter weather were almost identical, but the male sex was replaced by having a spouse.ConclusionsWe identified the correlates of active and passive commute choice in different weather conditions with eight variables. This information can be used to develop and target interventions to promote sustainable and healthy commuting modes.
Association between exposure to proton pump inhibitors and delirium: a descriptive and disproportionality analysis of VigiBase
Authors: Decros Alexandre , Minoc Elise-Marie , Lelong-Boulouard Véronique , Chrétien Basile , Meurant Alexandre , Alexandre Joachim , Dolladille Charles , Villain Cédric 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesProton pump inhibitor (PPI) exposure can lead to hyponatraemia, which is a common cause of delirium. An association between PPI exposure and delirium without hyponatraemia has been suggested in the literature. We aimed to describe the association between reports of delirium and PPI exposure and to assess the association between PPI and delirium with and without hyponatraemia.DesignA descriptive and disproportionality analysis of claims data.SettingWorld pharmacovigilance database VigiBase between 1 January 1991 and 9 February 2022.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIn the first part, we described reports of delirium for which involvement of a PPI or interactions of PPIs with other drugs were suspected. In the second part, delirium cases and non-cases were used to assess the disproportionality signal using the reporting OR (ROR) for the associations of PPI exposure with delirium or delirium/hyponatraemia co-events.ResultsWe identified 2395 reports of delirium in which involvement of PPI exposure was suspected. Omeprazole, esomeprazole and pantoprazole were the most frequently reported PPIs. Hyponatraemia was present in 11% of the reports. The disproportionality analysis included 1 264 798 reports of adverse drug reactions in patients using PPIs, including 19 081 reports of delirium. We did not find a disproportionality signal for the association between PPI use and delirium (ROR 0.89, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.91). We detected an association of PPI use with delirium/hyponatraemia co-events (ROR 1.53, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.65).ConclusionsMost reports of delirium in which the involvement of PPIs was suspected did not include concomitant hyponatraemia. However, no significant signal of disproportionate reporting of delirium was observed for PPIs compared with other drugs, except in cases of delirium associated with hyponatraemia. Hyponatraemia may be the main mechanism linking PPI exposure with delirium, and this possibility should be further explored in prospective studies.Trial registration numberNCT05815550.
Effectiveness of meaning in life intervention programme in young and middle-aged cancer patients: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wang Shuman , Xu Wenjie , Zhu Yu , Zheng Mimi , Wan Hongwei 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionDiminished levels of meaning in life can have a range of detrimental effects on cancer patients, including heightened anxiety, depression, psychological distress, reduced quality of life and, in severe cases, even thoughts of suicide. Notably, young and middle-aged cancer patients often exhibit even lower levels of meaning in life compared with their counterparts in other age groups. The primary objective of this study is to formulate a meaning in life intervention programme and assess its efficacy in enhancing the meaning in life and other relevant indicators among young and middle-aged cancer patients.Methods and analysisA prospective, parallel-group randomised controlled trial will be conducted. Eighty-eight young and middle-aged cancer patients will be randomised into either the intervention or control group. The intervention group will receive 4 week, six-session, group-based meaning in life intervention programme, while the control group will receive treatment as usual. The primary outcome is meaning in life, and secondary outcomes are post-traumatic growth and psychological distress. These indicators will be assessed at baseline, on completion of the intervention and again 2 months following its conclusion.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Hospital (2202-53-04-2301A-2310B). The study results will be shared through peer-reviewed journals and conferences.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200060672.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on initiation of antihypertensive drugs in Sweden: an interrupted time series study
Authors: Tomas Ana , Wettermark Bjorn , Nyberg Fredrik , Hajiebrahimi Mohammadhossein 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesAntihypertensives reduce the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic limited access to healthcare, which may have had a negative impact on drug prescribing. This study aimed to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the initiation of antihypertensive drugs.DesignInterrupted time series study using a segmented linear regression model.SettingSwedish population assessed through linked national healthcare registers.Participants720 300 new users of antihypertensives.InterventionMarch 2020, COVID-19 pandemic onset.Main outcomes measuresThe change in the initiation of antihypertensives expressed as monthly cumulative incidence, stratified by age and sex. Data on dispensed prescriptions of diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers were extracted from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, from March 2018 to November 2021. Initiation (new use) was defined as having no previous dispensations before March 2019. Monthly cumulative incidence in March 2019–November 2021 was calculated as the number of patients initiating each drug class in each month divided by the population.ResultsThe start of the pandemic was associated with an immediate drop in the initiation of any antihypertensive, but no sustained effects were observed, as the incidence continued to increase in the postinterruption period by +0.02% each month in both sexes. The immediate drop was statistically significant for ACEi in both sexes and all antihypertensive classes except diuretics in patients >65 years. А significant postintervention trend change was observed for initiation of diuretics (+0.013% overall), driven mainly by a significant increase in patients >65 years. Similar findings were also observed for diuretics in females (+0.02%) and ACEi (+0.03%) in patients >65 years.ConclusionsThe pandemic had an immediate negative short-term effect, but we found no major long-term negative influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on initiation of any type of antihypertensive drugs.
Co-creation and implementation of a healthy lunch at Dutch primary schools in disadvantaged neighbourhoods: design of a cluster randomised cross-over effectiveness study
Authors: Wargers Annemieke , Polychronakis Katerina , Nieboer Daan , Raat Hein , Jansen Wilma 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThe majority of children fails to have a healthy diet. Providing a healthy lunch at school is a way to target all children, regardless of ethnic and socioeconomic background. This study aims to investigate the effectivity and feasibility of a co-created healthy school lunch in disadvantaged neighbourhoods of the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands.Methods and analysisThis is a cluster randomised cross-over trial with five participating primary schools. Schools will be randomised to have an 18 week healthy school lunch the first or second half of the academic year. The other half of the academic year, children will bring their own lunch from home. A tailored lunch concept for each school will be co-created with school staff, parents, children and key-stakeholders.Primary outcome is the dietary content of children’s lunches, assessed by observations for all children. Secondary outcomes include healthy lunch-related parameters, like general dietary behaviour, perceived health, taste preferences, concentration in class, and some feasibility outcomes, like satisfaction, implementation at school and affordability for parents. Secondary outcomes will be assessed by questionnaires for children (grades 5–8), parents and teachers. The observations and questionnaires for children and parents will be completed at baseline (September 2023), half way the academic year (January–February 2024) and at the end of the academic year (June–July 2024). Teachers will complete a monthly questionnaire starting in September 2023.Ethics and disseminationThis study obtained ethical approval from the Institutional research Review Board Erasmus MC of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Informed consent will be collected from all participants (parents, teachers and children 12 years or older) and/or their parents (for children under the age of 16). The findings will be disseminated by conference presentations and publications in scientific peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT06058325.