bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High expression of Endogenous Retroviruses from intrauterine life to adulthood in two mouse models of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Cipriani Chiara , Ricceri Laura , Matteucci Claudia , De Felice Alessia , Tartaglione Anna Maria , Argaw-Denboba Ayele , Pica Francesca , Grelli Sandro , Calamandrei Gemma , Sinibaldi Vallebona Paola , Balestrieri Emanuela 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRetroelements, such as Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs), have been implicated in many complex diseases, including neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Previously, we demonstrated a distinctive expression profile of specific HERV families in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) patients, suggesting their involvement in ASD. Here we used two distinct ASD mouse models: inbred BTBR T+tf/J mice and CD-1 outbred mice prenatally exposed to valproic acid. Whole embryos, blood and brain samples from the offspring were collected at different ages and the expression of several ERV families (ETnI, ETnII-α, ETnII-β, ETnII-γ, MusD and IAP), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and Toll-like receptors (TLR3 and TLR4) was assessed. In the two distinct mouse models analysed, the transcriptional activity of the ERV families was significant higher in comparison with corresponding controls, in whole embryos, blood and brain samples. Also the expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines and TLRs were significantly higher than controls. Current results are in agreement with our previous findings in ASD children, supporting the hypothesis that ERVs may serve as biomarkers of atypical brain development. Moreover, the changes in ERVs and proinflammatory cytokines expression could be related with the autistic-like traits acquisition in the two mouse models.
On the detection of cerebral metabolic depression in experimental traumatic brain injury using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST)-weighted MRI
Authors: Tu Tsang-Wei , Ibrahim Wael G. , Jikaria Neekita , Munasinghe Jeeva P. , Witko Jaclyn A. , Hammoud Dima A. , Frank Joseph A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMetabolic abnormalities are commonly observed in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients exhibiting long-term neurological deficits. This study investigated the feasibility and reproducibility of using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI to detect cerebral metabolic depression in experimental TBI. Phantom and in vivo CEST experiments were conducted at 9.4 Tesla to optimize the selective saturation for enhancing the endogenous contrast-weighting of the proton exchanges over the range of glucose proton chemical shifts (glucoCEST) in the resting rat brain. The optimized glucoCEST-weighted imaging was performed on a closed-head model of diffuse TBI in rats with 2-deoxy-D-[14C]-glucose (2DG) autoradiography validation. The results demonstrated that saturation duration of 1‒2 seconds at pulse powers 1.5‒2µT resulted in an improved contrast-to-noise ratio between the gray and white matter comparable to 2DG autoradiographs. The intrasubject (n = 4) and intersubject (n = 3) coefficient of variations for repeated glucoCEST acquisitions (n = 4) ranged between 8‒16%. Optimization for the TBI study revealed that glucoCEST-weighted images with 1.5μT power and 1 s saturation duration revealed the greatest changes in contrast before and after TBI, and positively correlated with 2DG autoradiograph (r = 0.78, p < 0.01, n = 6) observations. These results demonstrate that glucoCEST-weighted imaging may be useful in detecting metabolic abnormalities following TBI.
Eltrombopag versus romiplostim in treatment of children with persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review incorporating an indirect-comparison meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Jiaxing , Liang Yi , Ai Yuan , Li Xiaosi , Xie Juan , Li Youping , Zheng Wenyi , He Rui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn absence of direct comparison, we conducted an indirect-comparison meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thrombopoietin-receptor agonists(TPO-RAs) in treatment of pediatric persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia(ITP). PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials.gov, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched from their earliest records to May 2017. Randomized controlled trials comparing the TPO-RAs with placebo in pediatric ITP were included. Outcomes included overall response rate(primary), durable response, overall or clinically significant bleeding, the proportion of patients receiving rescue medication, and safety. Five randomized placebo-controlled studies(N = 261) were analyzed. The overall response[Risk Ratio(RR) 0.57, 95% confidence interval(CI) 0.21–1.56], the incidence of adverse events (RR 0.96, 95%CI 0.66–1.39), durable response(RR 2.48, 95%CI 0.31–19.97), and the proportion of patients receiving rescue treatment(RR 0.73, 95%CI 0.20–2.73) were similar between eltrombopag and romiplostim group. Nevertheless, eltrombopag might have lower risk of overall bleeding(RR 0.43, 95%CI 0.23–0.80) and clinically significant bleeding(RR 0.33, 95%CI 0.12–0.89) than romiplostim. This meta-analysis suggests that eltrombopag might be similar to romiplostim in efficacy and safety, but seems to reduce the risk of bleeding compared to romiplostim. Furthermore, cost of the treatment, comorbidity of patients and drug compliance should also be considered in clinical decision making.
Decreasing graphene synthesis temperature by catalytic metal engineering and thermal processing
Authors: Zheng Li , Cheng Xinhong , Ye Peiyi , Shen Lingyan , Wang Qian , Zhang Dongliang , Gu Ziyue , Zhou Wen , Wu Dengpeng , Yu Yuehui 
Published: January 2018

The CVD graphene growth temperature can be lowered to 700 °C by copper engineering with carbon implantation.
0.36 V PGA combining single‐stage OTA and input negative transconductor for low energy RF receivers
Authors: Severo L. , Van Noije W. 
Published: January 2018

An ultra‐low voltage and ultra‐low power programmable gain amplifier (PGA) using a closed‐loop single‐stage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and an input negative transconductor is proposed. The circuits are implemented in a 180 nm CMOS process using two stacked transistors and PMOS bulk forward bias to operate well down to 0.36 V, to be robust to PVT variations and to reach the bandwidth of low energy RF receivers. The PGA measured results at 0.36 V show a programmable voltage gain from 0.2 to 18.4 dB, 15.4 μW power dissipation, 0.98 MHz bandwidth and 0.0243 mm2 area.
Engineering morphology and porosity of N,S‐doped carbons by ionothermal carbonisation for increased catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Chen Yimai , Huo Shuhui , Wang Hui 
Published: January 2018

A facile and one‐pot method using NaCl/KCl as a molten salt medium was developed to tune the porous structure of N,S‐doped carbon derived from biomass at high temperature. With increasing the NaCl/KCl amount, the structures of the obtained carbons revealed by scanning electron microscopy become more and more open. N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm shows that the hierarchical porous structure could be efficiently tuned by adjusting the amount of NaCl/KCl salt mixture. Specific surface area (SSA) of as‐prepared N,S‐doped carbon could reach 1478.6 m2 g−1. The relative ratio of micropore/mesopore drops with the increased NaCl/KCl. When the obtained carbons are used as the catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), high catalytic activities are obtained, which result from the porous structure and doping effect of N atoms. Meanwhile, a volcano trend of the electrochemical performance for as‐prepared carbons is also shown, which is a result of multiple factors possessing the opposite effect on ORR. Importantly, producing N,S‐doped carbon from egg white in NaCl/KCl molten salt medium could provide a promising approach to synthesise the opened N,S‐doped carbons with a controllably porous structure and large SSA based on biomass precursors.
Properties of the circumgalactic medium in simulations compared to observations
Authors: Machado R. E. G. , Tissera P. B. , Lima Neto G. B. , Sodré L. 
Published: January 2018

Context. Galaxies are surrounded by extended gaseous halos that store significant fractions of chemical elements. These are syntethized by the stellar populations and later ejected into the circumgalactic medium (CGM) by different mechanism, of which supernova feedback is considered one of the most relevant.
Aims. We aim to explore the properties of this metal reservoir surrounding star-forming galaxies in a cosmological context aiming to investigate the chemical loop between galaxies and their CGM, and the ability of the subgrid models to reproduce observational results.
Methods. Using cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, we have analysed the gas-phase chemical contents of galaxies with stellar masses in the range 109−1011 M⊙. We estimated the fractions of metals stored in the different CGM phases, and the predicted O vi and Si iii column densities within the virial radius.
Results. We find roughly 107 M⊙ of oxygen in the CGM of simulated galaxies having M⋆ ~ 1010 M⊙, in fair agreement with the lower limits imposed by observations. The Moxy is found to correlate with M⋆, at odds with current observational trends but in agreement with other numerical results. The estimated profiles of O vi column density reveal a substantial shortage of that ion, whereas Si iii, which probes the cool phase, is overpredicted. Nevertheless, the radial dependences of both ions follow the respective observed profiles. The analysis of the relative contributions of both ions from the hot, warm and cool phases suggests that the warm gas (105 K < T < 106 K) should be more abundant in order to bridge the mismatch with the observations, or alternatively, that more metals should be stored in this gas-phase. These discrepancies provide important information to improve the subgrid physics models. Our findings show clearly the importance of tracking more than one chemical element and the difficulty of simultaneously satisfying the observables that trace the circumgalactic gas at different physical conditions. Additionally, we find that the X-ray coronae around the simulated galaxies have luminosities and temperatures in decent agreement with the available observational estimates.
Dome C ultracarbonaceous Antarctic micrometeorites
Authors: Dartois E. , Engrand C. , Duprat J. , Godard M. , Charon E. , Delauche L. , Sandt C. , Borondics F. 
Published: January 2018

Context.UltraCarbonaceous Antarctic MicroMeteorites (UCAMMs) represent a small fraction of interplanetary dust particles reaching the Earth’s surface and contain large amounts of an organic component not found elsewhere. They are most probably sampling a contribution from the outer regions of the solar system to the local interplanetary dust particle (IDP) flux.Aims.We characterize UCAMMs composition focusing on the organic matter, and compare the results to the insoluble organic matter (IOM) from primitive meteorites, IDPs, and the Earth.Methods.We acquired synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy (μFTIR) andμRaman spectra of eight UCAMMs from the Concordia/CSNSM collection, as well as N/C atomic ratios determined with an electron microprobe.Results.The spectra are dominated by an organic component with a low aliphatic CH versus aromatic C=C ratio, and a higher nitrogen fraction and lower oxygen fraction compared to carbonaceous chondrites and IDPs. The UCAMMs carbonyl absorption band is in agreement with a ketone or aldehyde functional group. Some of the IR and Raman spectra show a C≡N band corresponding to a nitrile. The absorption band profile from 1400 to 1100 cm-1is compatible with the presence of C-N bondings in the carbonaceous network, and is spectrally different from that reported in meteorite IOM. We confirm that the silicate-to-carbon content in UCAMMs is well below that reported in IDPs and meteorites. Together with the high nitrogen abundance relative to carbon building the organic matter matrix, the most likely scenario for the formation of UCAMMs occurs via physicochemical mechanisms taking place in a cold nitrogen rich environment, like the surface of icy parent bodies in the outer solar system. The composition of UCAMMs provides an additional hint of the presence of a heliocentric positive gradient in the C/Si and N/C abundance ratios in the solar system protoplanetary disc evolution.
Distal Spinal Muscular Atrophy: An Overlooked Etiology of Weaning Failure in Children with Respiratory Insufficiency
Authors: Eghbalkhah Asgar , Kamrani Kamyar , Khosroshahi Nahid , Yousefimanesh Hossein , Eskandarizadeh Zahra , Habibi Zoham Mojdeh 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is a rare autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder that involves the anterior horn motor neurons. It is a disease with a poor prognosis presenting with progressive distal motor weakness and respiratory insufficiency from diaphragmatic paralysis followed by distal muscle weakness before 6 months of age. With the intent to spread the awareness of this rare and life-threatening disease, we report a 2.5-month-old female infant with a subsequent diagnosis of SMARD1, who was admitted in our pediatric intensive care unit with chief complaint of progressive respiratory distress and poor feeding.
A 5-Year Follow-Up of Triple-Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis Successfully Treated with Tacrolimus Therapy
Authors: Nishimura Akira , Ueno Tamaki , Kaneda Daisuke , Miyanomae Yuri , Chiyonobu Tomohiro , Morimoto Masafumi , Hosoi Hajime , Tozawa Takenori 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSeronegative myasthenia gravis (MG) is a generalized form of MG that is diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, electrophysiological testing, and pharmacological responses, in the absence of a seropositive status for anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies. Generalized MG that is seronegative for anti-AChR, anti-muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), and anti-low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 4 (Lrp4) antibodies is known as triple-seronegative MG. We here describe a case of triple-seronegative MG in an 8-year-old boy. His first symptom was dysphagia, at 3 years of age, and he subsequently developed ptosis, rhinolalia, and a waddling gait. A genetic analysis was conducted to exclude the possibility of congenital myasthenia syndrome due to the patient's resistance to steroid therapy. His condition was successfully managed with tacrolimus therapy over a 5-year follow-up period. Recently, several studies have reported the therapeutic utility of tacrolimus in juvenile seropositive MG; in contrast, a few reports have described tacrolimus treatment in cases of seronegative MG. Our findings suggest that tacrolimus therapy is a safe and effective option for the treatment of juvenile seronegative MG.
Hürden bei der Digitalisierung der Medizin in Deutschland – eine Expertenbefragung
Authors: Nohl-Deryk Pascal , Brinkmann Jesaja , Gerlach Ferdinand , Schreyögg Jonas , Achelrod Dmitrij 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Digitale Medizin ist ein im Aufschwung befindlicher Bereich des Gesundheitswesens und birgt große Potenziale. Dennoch ist der Digitalisierungsgrad des deutschen Gesundheitswesens sowohl im internationalen Vergleich als auch im innerdeutschen Branchenvergleich gering. Trotz politischer Bemühungen scheinen bestimmte Hürden den Digitalisierungsprozess stark zu hemmen.
Methode Insgesamt 18 repräsentative Experten aus verschiedenen Bereichen wurden mit semi-strukturierten Interviews zu Hürden und Lösungsansätzen der Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels Thematic Analysis nach Braun und Clarke.
Ergebnisse Die Interviewpartner identifizierten akteursspezifische und -übergreifende Hürden. Bei Selbstverwaltung und Ärzteschaft fehle teilweise der Wille und eine potente Organisationsstruktur, um die Digitalisierung voranzutreiben. Auf akteursübergreifender Ebene wird hervorgehoben, dass ein fehlender Nutzennachweis und Interoperabilität ein primäres Hemmnis darstellen, die aktuelle Gesetzgebung und Finanzierung hingegen kaum. Lösungsansätze werden insbesondere in einer Stärkung der Patientenrolle und in gesetzlichen Regelungen gesehen. Insbesondere Infrastrukturausbau und Interoperabilität würden ein koordiniertes, staatliches Eingreifen erfordern. Eine positive Kommunikation über Möglichkeiten und Nutzen digitaler Lösungen sei zusätzlich wichtig.
Schlussfolgerung Ein fester politischer Wille, eine übergreifende Strategie, begleitet durch ein Kommunikationskonzept scheinen notwendig zu sein. Gesetzgeberisch können verbindliche Vorgaben, Fristen und Sanktionen für die Selbstverwaltung hilfreich sein, gleichzeitig sollten Anwender früh mit in die Entwicklung eingezogen werden und positive Anreize zur Nutzung digitaler Lösungen geschaffen werden.
Online-Sexualaufklärung auf YouTube: Bestandsaufnahme und Handlungsempfehlungen für die Sexualpädagogik
Authors: Döring Nicola 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungJugendliche in Deutschland präferieren inzwischen mehrheitlich Sexualaufklärung per Internet vor allen anderen Medien und Vertrauenspersonen.
Online-Sexualaufklärung findet oft über die Videoplattform YouTube statt, da YouTube neben Google die beliebteste Anlaufstelle im Internet
ist. Somit stellt sich die Frage, wie die Online-Sexualaufklärung auf YouTube aus sexualpädagogischer Perspektive einzuschätzen ist. Auf der
Basis der wissenschaftlichen Fachliteratur sowie einer Analyse der YouTube-Inhalte wird erläutert, 1) wer heutzutage deutschsprachige
YouTube-Kanäle zur Sexualaufklärung anbietet, 2) welche Inhalte und Qualität die Aufklärungsvideos haben und 3) was wir über Nutzende,
Nutzungsweisen und Wirkungen wissen. Erstmals werden mehr als 30 einschlägige deutschsprachige YouTube-Kanäle zur Sexualaufklärung
identifiziert und vorgestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass im boomenden Feld der Online-Sexualaufklärung auf YouTube die professionelle
Sexualpädagogik bislang eine randständige Rolle spielt. Der Beitrag diskutiert, wie YouTube in die sexualpädagogische Forschung und Praxis
sowie in die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Fortbildung der Fachdisziplin sinnvoll einzubinden ist. Eine zeitgemäße und professionelle
Sexualpädagogik muss sich auf die Bedingungen des Digitalzeitalters einstellen. Andernfalls läuft sie Gefahr, den Kontakt zu den Zielgruppen
zu verlieren und die Definitionsmacht über Fragen sexueller Gesundheit und sexueller Bildung denjenigen zu überlassen, die digitale Medien
einschließlich YouTube bereits strategisch und ideologisch nutzen. YouTube und andere soziale Medien sind dabei natürlich kein Allheilmittel
und auch kein Ersatz für herkömmliche Kommunikationskanäle und Bildungssettings, sondern eine wichtige Ergänzung.
Chronic anthropogenic noise disrupts glucocorticoid signaling and has multiple effects on fitness in an avian community
Authors: Kleist Nathan J. , Guralnick Robert P. , Cruz Alexander , Lowry Christopher A. , Francis Clinton D. 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceStudies examining relationships among habitat disturbance, physiology, and fitness in wild animals often produce contradictory or inconclusive results, casting doubt on current conservation physiology predictive frameworks linking stress and fitness. We apply a new framework drawn from experimental systems utilizing chronic inescapable stressors to explore how noise, an environmental stimulus common to wildlife habitats worldwide, disrupts stress hormone signaling and impacts fitness. We utilize a natural experiment to show that chronic, anthropogenic noise reduced baseline corticosterone levels, increased acute corticosterone response, and, at highest amplitudes, negatively impacted multiple measures of fitness across three species of birds. Our work brings conservation physiology theory involving wild animals into needed alignment with recent theories based on chronic stress in laboratory studies.
Mechanism-specific assay design facilitates the discovery of Nav1.7-selective inhibitors
Authors: Chernov-Rogan Tania , Li Tianbo , Lu Gang , Verschoof Henry , Khakh Kuldip , Jones Steven W. , Beresini Maureen H. , Liu Chang , Ortwine Daniel F. , McKerrall Steven J. , Hackos David H. , Sutherlin Daniel , Cohen Charles J. , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Subtype-selective modulation of ion channels is often important, but extremely difficult to achieve for drug development. Using Nav1.7 as an example, we show that this challenge could be attributed to poor design in ion channel assays, which fail to detect most potent and selective compounds and are biased toward nonselective mechanisms. By exploiting different drug binding sites and modes of channel gating, we successfully direct a membrane potential assay toward non–pore-blocking mechanisms and identify Nav1.7-selective compounds. Our mechanistic approach to assay design addresses a significant hurdle in Nav1.7 drug discovery and is applicable to many other ion channels.
Structural heterogeneity and intersubject variability of Aβ in familial and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Condello Carlo , Lemmin Thomas , Stöhr Jan , Nick Mimi , Wu Yibing , Maxwell Alison M. , Watts Joel C. , Caro Christoffer D. , Oehler Abby , Keene C. Dirk , Bird Thomas D. , van Duinen Sjoerd G. , Lannfelt Lars , Ingelsson Martin , Graff Caroline , Giles Kurt , DeGrado William F. , Prusiner Stanley B. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
An expanding body of evidence argues that the Aβ and tau proteins share important characteristics of prion propagation to cause pathogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aβ and tau form a number of amyloids (β-sheet–rich structures) with distinct conformations (“strains”), some of which give rise to different diseases and associated pathologies. We develop new probes of amyloid structure and use these to identify conformational strains of Aβ in heritable and sporadic forms of AD patient samples. We demonstrate that distinct strains of Aβ can be discerned in different disease types, or in different brain compartments within a given patient. Our findings may potentially explain the spectrum of clinical and pathologic features observed in AD.
Ibuprofen alters human testicular physiology to produce a state of compensated hypogonadism
Authors: Kristensen David Møbjerg , Desdoits-Lethimonier Christèle , Mackey Abigail L. , Dalgaard Marlene Danner , De Masi Federico , Munkbøl Cecilie Hurup , Styrishave Bjarne , Antignac Jean-Philippe , Le Bizec Bruno , Platel Christian , Hay-Schmidt Anders , Jensen Tina Kold , Lesné Laurianne , Mazaud-Guittot Séverine , Kristiansen Karsten , Brunak Søren , Kjaer Michael , Juul Anders , Jégou Bernard 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Concern has been raised over declining male reproductive health in humans. Our study addresses this issue by extending data showing antiandrogen effects of analgesics and suggests that such compounds may be involved in adult male reproductive problems. Using a unique combination of a randomized, controlled clinical trial and ex vivo and in vitro approaches, we report a univocal depression of important aspects of testicular function, including testosterone production, after use of over-the-counter ibuprofen. The study shows that ibuprofen use results in selective transcriptional repression of endocrine cells in the human testis. This repression results in the elevation of the stimulatory pituitary hormones, resulting in a state of compensated hypogonadism, a disorder associated with adverse reproductive and physical health disorders.