bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Absorption and Thermoluminescence in Calcium Fluoride Doped with Manganese and Cerium
Authors: Jassemnejad B. , McKeever S.W.S. , Abbundi R.J. , Mathur V.K. , Brown M.D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Optical absorption curves of CaF2 singly doped with Mn or Ce, and doubly doped with both Mn and Ce, show complex arrays of absorption bands after irradiation. In the Mn-only doped samples the absorption can be clearly related to Mn, whereas various forms of Ce centre dominate the radiation-induced absorption in the Ce-doped samples. However, in the doubly doped speciments only the Ce related absorptions can be seen. From these observations, along with thermal and optical bleaching measurements, we suggest that the Mn-related centres are Mn/F centre complexes. These are believed to be the centres responsible for the TL in dosimetry grade CaF2:Mn. Possible mechanisms for the TL production process are discussed.
The Induction of Chromosome Aberrations in Human Lymphocytes by 24 keV Neutrons
Authors: Edwards A.A. , Lloyd D.C. , Prosser J.S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper describes an experiment to measure the yield of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes produced by a beam of predominantly 24 keV neutrons. The yield of dicentrics is linear with dose with a slope coefficient a of 0.821 ±0.031 dicentrics. cell-1. Gy-1. This coefficient is very close to that observed for fission neutrons of mean energy of 0.9 MeV. The main interaction of 24 keV neutrons with tissue is the production of protons of energy 24 keV and less which have a maximum range of 0.5 µm. Thus the experiment investigates the biological effectiveness of the track ends of higher energy protons. Previously inferred predictions of the relationships between the coefficient a and LET and between a and lineal energy, y, determined in 1 µm spheres, showed that analysis based on LET is much superior to that based on y. The findings are consistent with results using low energy X rays to investigate the biological effects of short range low energy electron tracks. Both experiments indicate that energy deposited in volumes of dimension much smaller that 1 µm is relevant for explaining biological effects.
The Microdosimetry of Radon Daughters and its Significance
Authors: Brenner D.J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The value of the quality factor for radon daughter alpha particles is of some societal significance. The quality factor is usually taken to be the result of folding a radiation quality descriptor function with an appropriate weighting function. In this work we (a) calculate radiation quality descriptors (microdosimetric spectra) as a function of depth in the epithelium, (b) calculate a relevant weighting factor, QT(y) for oncogenic transformation, and (c) fold these together to get an estimate of the low dose relative effectiveness of the alpha particles as a function of depth. The results show a considerable variation with depth, and are also very sensitive to the saturation characteristics of QT(y), implying that more experimental data are needed in the range from 150 to 350 keV.µm-1.
The Role of Microdosimetry in Radiotherapy
Authors: Wambersie A. , Pihet P. , Menzel (INVITED) H.G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Some of the practical problems encountered in radiation therapy, and in which microdosimetry has contributed or may contribute towards solutions, are reviewed. Microdosimetric methods are especially useful for high LET radiation therapy due to the requirement of quantitative specification of radiation quality. In neutron therapy, a large number of microdosimetric measurements have been carried out including a systematic set of measurements at European treatment facilities. The correlation with available radiobiological data enabled a pragmatic solution for the specification of radiation quality for fast neutron therapy to be established. Heavy ion therapy requires several parameters to be optimised as a function of the individual clinical situation, the type of particles, the particle energy and the width of the spread-out Bragg peak. The experience gained in fast neutron therapy may provide a suitable basis for employing microdosimetric methods for the specification of radiation quality also in this field. Results of microdosimetric measurements at pi-meson therapy facilities are briefly reported. The measured spectra reveal the presence of a large low LET dose component and furthermore a marked dependence on irradiation parameters. Finally, microdosimetry provides useful information also in the field of low LET radiation therapy, for example in the context of selecting the clinical RBE of 200 kv X-rays and 125I relative to 60Co gamma rays.
Variance-Covariance Measurements of the Dose Mean Lineal Energy in Beams for Radiotherapy
Authors: Honoré H.B. , Jessen K.A. , Nielsen H.H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
An experimental arrangement to perform variance-covariance measurements, based on tissue-equivalent proportional counters, is described. Results in a narrow beam geometry for 8 and 16 MV X rays from a medical linear accelerator are given and compared with data from the literature. It is concluded that the method is applicable but the detectors have to be changed or modified before measurements in normal therapeutic beams at the isocentre of the accelerator or in phantoms can be performed for beam quality characterisation in radiotherapy dosimetry.
Experimental Determination of the TL Response for Protons and Deuterons in Various Detector Materials
Authors: Schmidt P. , Fellinger J. , Hübner K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Relative light conversion factors ? and ?total were experimentally determined for various LiF detectors after irradiation with protons and deuterons. The experimental results are used for finding the function ? (Ei) in a wide energy range. This function is quite different for peaks 5 and 7 of all LiF materials investigated. The relative light conversion factor of peak 7 is clearly greater than unity which is of practical importance in neutron dosimetry.
Fast Reader for Thermostimulated Exoelectron Dosemeters Used for Beta Ray Routine Dosimetry
Authors: Petel M. , Barthe J. , Kriegseis W. , Portal G. , Scharmann A. , Siriex G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The beryllium oxide exo-dosemeters developed for beta ray dosimetry led to the development of a fast reader for thermostimulated exoelectron emission (TSEE) measurements in routine dosimetry. The reader system consists of a rotating element which transfers the detector onto a first pre-heating plate and shortly after onto a second heating plate measurements and annealing. The reader head positioned above this second heater is of the multi-needle counter type with a detector range capable of handling 106 cps without missing any events. Transfer parameters have been optimised for fast reading.
Laser-Induced Optically Stimulated M Centre Luminescence in LiF
Authors: Miller S.D. , Endres G.W.R. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Highly purified LiF crystals have long been used as optical windows. Optical grade LiF is known for its excellent transmission from the deep ultraviolet through the infrared. Radiation dosimetry applications have so far been restricted to high level Mega-Rad gamma dosimetry using radiation-induced absorption peaks measured using a spectrophotometer. However, absorption measurements are a very insensitive way to measure these radiation damage centres. A more sensitive method of measuring radiation damage can be accomplished by measuring the M centre luminescence. At the Pacific Northwest Laboratory, excitation with a 442 nm He-Cd laser has significantly amplified the luminescence yield of the M centre. The He-Cd laser was the preferred excitation laser because absorption measurements in LiF indicate the peak of the M centre absorption occurs at 443 nm. Laser stimulation produces an excited state of the M centre, which undergoes a very strong Stokes' shift. The peak of the M centre emission spectrum occurs at 665 nm with a half-width of 0.36 eV. Since the excitation wavelength differs significantly from the emission wavelength, measurement of the deep red emission can be done simultaneously with the excitation. Therefore, readout of the LiF can be accomplished in a fraction of a second.
Li2B4O7:Mn and CaSO4:Dy TL Preparations at PSPKR-BATAN, Indonesia, and their Dosimetric Properties
Authors: Abubakar R. , Untung S. , Oberhofer M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In recent years at the Centre for Standardization and Radiological Research (PSPKR) of the National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN), Indonesia, intensive efforts have been made to produce Li,2B4O7:Mn and CaSO4:Dy TL phosphors with dosimetric qualities in sufficient quantity to satisfy the national needs for such materials in hospitals (radiotherapy) and in the radiation protection field (personnel dosimetry and environmental radiation control). The production procedures are briefly described and the dosimetric characteristics presented in detail. The Li2B4O7:Mn phosphor can be used for doses as low as 0.06 Gy up to 104 Gy, where saturation occurs. Unlike other Li2B4O7:Mn preparations no supralinearity has been observed. Linearity consequently extends from 0.06 Gy up to 103 Gy. No fading of the dosimetric peak within the first three weeks is observed. The CaSO4 preparations are 15% more sensitive than the corresponding Harshaw material. Their lower threshold dose is 25 µGy and dose can be measured linearly from 1 mGy up to 102 Gy. Fading of the phosphor is 1 to 3% per month initially.
SkinnerTrax: high-throughput behavior-dependent optogenetic stimulation ofDrosophila
Authors: Stern Ulrich , Yang Chung-Hui 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhile red-shifted channelrhodopsin has been shown to be highly effective in activating CNS neurons in freely movingDrosophila, there were no existing high-throughput tools for closed-loop, behavior-dependent optogenetic stimulation ofDrosophila. Here, we present SkinnerTrax to fill this void. SkinnerTrax stimulates individual flies promptly in response to their being at specific positions or performing specific actions. Importantly, SkinnerTrax was designed for and achieves significant throughput with simple and inexpensive components.
Intercellular calcium signaling is regulated by morphogens duringDrosophilawing development
Authors: Brodskiy Pavel A. , Wu Qinfeng , Huizar Francisco J. , Soundarrajan Dharsan K. , Narciso Cody , Levis Megan K. , Arredondo-Walsh Ninfamaria , Chen Jianxu , Liang Peixian , Chen Danny Z. , Zartman Jeremiah J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOrgan development is driven by a set of patterned inductive signals. However, how these signals are integrated to coordinate tissue patterning is still poorly understood. Calcium ions (Ca2+) are critical signaling components involved in signal integration and are regulated by a core Ca2+signaling toolkit. Ca2+signaling encodes a significant fraction of information in cells through both amplitude and frequency-dependent regulation of transcription factors and key regulatory enzymes. A range of intercellular Ca2+transients, including coordinated oscillations, recently have been reported inDrosophilawing discs. In an accompanying paper, we show that impaired Ca2+signaling impacts the final size and shape of the wing. Here, we discover specific spatiotemporal signatures of Ca2+transients during wing disc development. To do so, we developed a new neural-network-based approach for registration of oscillatory signals in organs that frequently move during imaging, and a pipeline for spatiotemporal analysis of intercellular Ca2+oscillations. As a specific test case, we further demonstrated that the morphogen pathway, Hedgehog, controls frequencies of Ca2+oscillations uniformly in the tissue and is required for spatial patterning of oscillation amplitudes. Thus, the time-averaged dynamics of spontaneous intercellular Ca2+transients reflect the morphogenetic signaling state of the tissue during development. This suggests a general mechanism of physiological signaling that provides a memory of morphogenetic patterns. Additionally, our study provides a powerful approach for registering and quantifying oscillatory dynamics in developing organs.
Conserved properties ofDrosophilaInsomniac link sleep regulation and synaptic function
Authors: Li Qiuling , Kellner David A. , Hatch Hayden A. M. , Yumita Tomohiro , Sanchez Sandrine , Machold Robert P. , Andrew Frank C. , Stavropoulos Nicholas 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSleep is an ancient animal behavior that is regulated similarly in species ranging from flies to mammals. Various genes that regulate sleep have been identified in invertebrates, but whether the functions of these genes are conserved in mammals remains poorly explored.Drosophila insomniac (inc)mutants exhibit severely shortened and fragmented sleep. Inc protein physically associates with the Cullin-3 (Cul3) ubiquitin ligase, and neuronal depletion of Inc or Cul3 strongly curtails sleep, suggesting that Inc is a Cul3 adaptor that directs the ubiquitination of neuronal substrates that regulate sleep. Three proteins similar to Inc exist in vertebrates—KCTD2, KCTD5, and KCTD17—but are uncharacterized within the nervous system and their functional conservation with Inc has not been addressed. Here we show that Inc and its mouse orthologs exhibit striking biochemical and functional interchangeability within Cul3 complexes. Remarkably, KCTD2 and KCTD5 restore sleep toincmutants, indicating that they can substitute for Inc in vivo and engage its neuronal targets that impact sleep. Inc and its orthologs traffic similarly within fly and mammalian neurons and are present at synapses, suggesting that their substrates include synaptic proteins. Consistent with such a mechanism,incmutants exhibit defects in synaptic structure and physiology, indicating that Inc is vital for both synaptic function and sleep. Our findings reveal that molecular functions of Inc are conserved through ~600 million years of evolution and support the hypothesis that Inc and its orthologs participate in an evolutionarily conserved ubiquitination pathway that links synaptic function and sleep regulation.Author summarySleep is ubiquitous among animals and is regulated in a similar manner across phylogeny, but whether conserved molecular mechanisms govern sleep is poorly defined. The Insomniac protein is vital for sleep inDrosophilaand is a putative adaptor for the Cul3 ubiquitin ligase. We show that two mammalian orthologs of Insomniac can restore sleep to flies lacking Insomniac, indicating that the molecular functions of these proteins are conserved through evolution. Our comparative analysis reveals that Insomniac and its mammalian orthologs localize to neuronal synapses and that Insomniac impacts synaptic structure and physiology. Our findings suggest that Insomniac and its mammalian orthologs are components of an evolutionarily conserved ubiquitination pathway that links synaptic function and the regulation of sleep.
Managing care integration during the implementation of large-scale reforms
Authors: Dickinson Helen , Carey Gemma 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is a new program for the provision of support to people with disabilities in Australia. The purpose of this paper is to explore the early implementation experience of this scheme, with a particular focus on the implications of this scheme for issues of care integration.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 policymakers in the Commonwealth government charged with the design and implementation of the NDIS.

Findings
The authors find somewhat of a lack of clarity concerning the boundaries of the NDIS and how it will work with a range of different services in the provision of seamless and consumer-directed care. Many of the same kinds of debates about interfaces with services were detected in this study as have been highlighted in relation to UK individual funding schemes. If the NDIS is truly to support individuals with disabilities to achieve choice and control, important work will need to be undertaken in to overcome organizational and institutional boundaries.

Originality/value
There is little empirical data relating to the implementation of the NDIS to date. This is the first study to explore boundary issues in relation to care integration.
Open‐label, randomized, multicenter, phase III study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of benzoyl peroxide gel in long‐term use in patients with acne vulgaris: A secondary publication
Authors: Kawashima Makoto , Nagare Toshitaka , Katsuramaki Tsuneo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn open‐label, randomized, multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of long‐term use of 2.5% and 5% benzoyl peroxide (BPO) gels administrated once daily for 52 weeks to Japanese patients with acne vulgaris. The efficacy of the study drugs was evaluated by counting inflammatory lesions and non‐inflammatory lesions. Safety was evaluated based on adverse events, local skin tolerability scores and laboratory test values. In total, 458 subjects were included in the efficacy and safety analyses. The total lesion count, the efficacy end‐point, was similarly changed both in the 2.5% and 5% BPO groups over the course of the study. The median rates of reduction from baseline to week 12 were approximately 65%. Thereafter, the counts were maintained at a reduced level without increasing until week 52. The median rates at week 52 were approximately 80%. Similar trends were observed for inflammatory and non‐inflammatory lesion counts. Bacteriological evaluation indicated similar distribution of the minimum inhibitory concentration of each of the antibacterial drugs against Propionibacterium acnes between the values at baseline and at week 52, suggesting that long‐term use did not result in changes in the drug sensitivity. The incidence of adverse events was 84.0% in the 2.5% BPO group and 87.2% in the 5% BPO group. Many of the adverse events occurred within the first month and were mild or moderate in severity and transient. The results suggest that both 2.5% and 5% BPO gels are effective and safe for long‐term treatment of patients with acne vulgaris.
Bridging of cryptic Borrelia cycles in European songbirds
Authors: Heylen Dieter , Krawczyk Aleksandra , Lopes de Carvalho Isabel , Núncio Maria Sofia , Sprong Hein , Norte Ana Cláudia 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe principal European vector for Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., the causative agents of Lyme disease, is the host‐generalist tick Ixodes ricinus. Almost all terrestrial host‐specialist ticks have been supposed not to contribute to the terrestrial Borrelia transmission cycles. Through an experiment with blackbirds, we show successful transmission by the widespread I. frontalis, an abundant bird‐specialized tick that infests a broad range of songbirds. In the first phase of the experiment, we obtained Borrelia‐infected I. frontalis (infection rate: 19%) and I. ricinus (17%) nymphs by exposing larvae to wild blackbirds that carried several genospecies (Borrelia turdi, B. valaisiana, B. burgdorferi s.s.). In the second phase, pathogen‐free blackbirds were exposed to these infected nymphs. Both tick species were able to infect the birds, as indicated by the analysis of xenodiagnostic I. ricinus larvae which provided evidence for both co‐feeding and systemic transmission (infection rates: 10%‐60%). Ixodes frontalis was shown to transmit B. turdi spirochetes, while I. ricinus transmitted both B. turdi and B. valaisiana. Neither species transmitted B. burgdorferi s.s. European enzootic cycles of Borrelia between songbirds and their ornithophilic ticks do exist, with I. ricinus potentially acting as a bridging vector towards mammals, including man.
Bidirectional relationship between alcohol intake and sensitivity to social defeat: association with Tacr1 and Avp expression
Authors: Nelson Britta S. , Sequeira Michelle K. , Schank Jesse R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhile epidemiological studies show that alcohol abuse is often co‐morbid with affective disorders, the causal direction of this association is unclear. We examined this relationship using mouse models including social defeat stress (SDS), social interaction (SI) and voluntary alcohol consumption. C57BL6/J mice exposed to SDS segregate into two subpopulations, those that express depressive‐like phenotypes (‘susceptible’) and those that do not (‘resilient’). First, we stratified SDS‐exposed mice and measured their voluntary alcohol consumption. Next, we determined whether SI behavior in alcohol‐naïve mice could predict alcohol intake. Finally, we assessed the effect of binge‐like alcohol exposure on sensitivity to SDS. We quantified Tacr1 (neurokinin‐1 receptor gene) and Avp (vasopressin peptide gene) mRNA in brain regions involved in depression, addiction and social behavior. We found that susceptible mice consumed more alcohol compared with resilient mice, suggesting that depression‐like phenotypes associate with increased alcohol intake. Interestingly, we observed a negative correlation between SI and alcohol intake in stress‐ and alcohol‐naïve mice, suggesting that individual differences in SI associate with alcohol preference. Finally, alcohol pre‐treatment increased sensitivity to SDS, indicating that alcohol exposure alters sensitivity to social stress. Quantification of mRNA revealed that increased expression of Tacr1 and Avp generally associated with decreased SI and increased alcohol intake. C57BL6/J mice are an inbred strain; thus, it is likely that individual differences in behavior and gene expression are driven by epigenetic factors. Collectively, these results support a bidirectional relationship between alcohol exposure and susceptibility to stress that is associated with variations in neuropeptide expression.
Letter: should direct‐acting antiviral drugs be used concomitantly with chemotherapeutic drugs in hepatitis C virus‐infected patients with cancer? Authors’ reply
Authors: Economides M. P. , Shigle T. L. , Torres H. A. 
Published: February 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Economides et al and Jiang et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13825 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13918.