bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions for the Treatment, Management and Rehabilitation of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Chambers Duncan , Bagnall Anne-Marie , Hempel Susanne , Forbes Carol 
Published: November 2017

Objectives To determine whether any particular intervention or combination of interventions is effective in the treatment, management and rehabilitation of adults and children with a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome / myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). Design Substantive update of a systematic review published in 2002. Randomized (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials of any intervention or combination of interventions were eligible for inclusion. Study participants could be adults or children with a diagnosis of CFS/ME based on any criteria. We searched eleven electronic databases, reference lists of articles and reviews, and textbooks on CFS/ME. Additional references were sought by contact with experts. Results Seventy studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies on behavioural, immunological, pharmacological and complementary therapies, nutritional supplements and miscellaneous other interventions were identified. Graded exercise therapy and cognitive behaviour therapy appeared to reduce symptoms and improve function based on evidence from RCTs. For most other interventions, evidence of effectiveness was inconclusive and some interventions were associated with significant adverse effects. Conclusions Over the last five years, there has been a marked increase in the size and quality of the evidence base on interventions for CFS/ME. Some behavioural interventions have shown promising results in reducing the symptoms of CFS/ME and improving physical functioning. There is a need for research to define the characteristics of patients who would benefit from specific interventions and to develop clinically relevant objective outcome measures.
Appraisal, Assessment and Career Development for Doctors in Training: The Mersey Deanery Personal Development Portfolio
Authors: Sprigge J S , Higgins J , Rice B , Tofield L , Graham D 
Published: November 2017

Objectives To develop a robust valid and exportable appraisal and assessment process for doctors in training which is portfolio based and works at all hospitals within the deanery. It is called the personal development portfolio. Design For every senior house officer, there was a recorded meeting with his or her supervisor, at the beginning, midterm and at the end of the post. An outside assessor witnessed the exit assessment meeting. Setting The Wirral Hospital, a District General Hospital with 72 senior house officers in 10 different specialties was used as a pilot site to develop the process. Then the process was exported and implemented at the other 12 trusts of the deanery. Main outcome measures Records were kept of the induction, midterm and exit assessment meetings. A record was kept of the number of senior house officers succeeding and failing at their exit assessments. Also, the number promoted to the specialist registrar grade was recorded. Results The process was performed every 6 months on 11 occasions between 2000 and 2005. It involved 72 senior house officers in 10 different specialties. On each occasion, participation usually exceeded 70%: 623 were appraised and assessed and 609 of them (97.8%) had satisfactory exit assessments. For 14 doctors (2.2%), the process identified a cause for concern, which was usually accepted by the doctor and sometimes allowed remedial action to be taken. Twenty-six (4.2%) were promoted to the specialist registrar grade in this period. The process also identified the strengths and weaknesses of the senior house officer posts in the 10 different specialties that had such posts, and was used to encourage good medical teaching practice in them. Over 4 years, we exported the process to all the other 12 Trusts in the Mersey Deanery. Once established, the process was easy to use for both trainees and trainers, although it was time consuming. Conclusions It was possible to develop and implement a portfolio based appraisal and assessment process, which was accepted by senior house officers and their trainers in all specialties at all hospitals within the deanery. Now that the senior house officer grade has been superceded by the Foundation and the training grade years, the principles of the personal development portfolio are being used to appraise and assess doctors in these grades too.
Sexual Activity among Patients in Psychiatric Hospital Wards
Authors: Warner James , Pitts Nicola , Crawford Mike J , Serfaty Marc , Prabhakaran Pramod , Amin Rizkar 
Published: November 2017

In psychiatric hospitals, sexual activity between patients raises special difficulties regarding consent. We undertook a questionnaire survey of inpatients in the mental health units of three hospitals to identify the nature and frequency of sexual activity. A contemporaneous staff questionnaire was used in an attempt to validate the patient reports. Of the 100 patients who participated (response rate 60%), 30 reported engaging in some form of sexual activity including 10 who had sexual intercourse. All sexual intercourse was consensual, but only 2 respondents used condoms. Staff questionnaires suggested levels of sexual activity congruent with patient reports. This survey underlines the conflict between an individual's right to sexual expression and the need to protect vulnerable patients.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of cerebral capillary segments with stalling red blood cells
Authors: Erdener Şefik Evren , Tang Jianbo , Sajjadi Amir , Kılıç Kıvılcım , Kura Sreekanth , Schaffer Chris B , Boas David A 
Published: November 2017

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows label-free imaging of red blood cell (RBC) flux within capillaries with high spatio-temporal resolution. In this study, we utilized time-series OCT-angiography to demonstrate interruptions in capillary RBC flux in mouse brain in vivo. We noticed ∼7.5% of ∼200 capillaries had at least one stall in awake mice with chronic windows during a 9-min recording. At any instant, ∼0.45% of capillaries were stalled. Average stall duration was ∼15 s but could last over 1 min. Stalls were more frequent and longer lasting in acute window preparations. Further, isoflurane anesthesia in chronic preparations caused an increase in the number of stalls. In repeated imaging, the same segments had a tendency to stall again over a period of one month. In awake animals, functional stimulation decreased the observance of stalling events. Stalling segments were located distally, away from the first couple of arteriolar-side capillary branches and their average RBC and plasma velocities were lower than nonstalling capillaries within the same region. This first systematic analysis of capillary RBC stalls in the brain, enabled by rapid and continuous volumetric imaging of capillaries with OCT-angiography, will lead to future investigations of the potential role of stalling events in cerebral pathologies.
Rucaparib: A Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor for BRCA-Mutated Relapsed Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Moore Donald C. , Ringley J. Tanner , Patel Jolly 
Published: November 2017

Objective: To review the pharmacology, safety, efficacy, and the role of rucaparib in the treatment of relapsed, advanced ovarian cancer. Summary: A total of 2 phase I/II trials and 1 phase II trial have evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral rucaparib in ovarian cancer. In patients with deleterious BRCA1/2 mutation, an overall response rate of 80% was achieved in the phase II trial Assessment of Rucaparib in Ovarian CancEr Trial 2 (ARIEL2). In the same trial, progression-free survival was higher in patients with BRCA1/2 mutation and BRCA wild types with high loss of heterozygosity (LOH) than BRCA wild types with low LOH. Rucaparib was found to be relatively well tolerated in clinical trials, with the most common adverse events being anemia, fatigue, and nausea. Conclusion: Rucaparib appears to be a safe and effective new option in the treatment of relapsed, advanced BRCA1/2 mutant ovarian cancer. The role of rucaparib in this setting will likely expand and be further elucidated as results from several ongoing studies become available.
A Comparison of the Use of Papanicolaou-stained Cervical Cytological Smears with Gram-stained Vaginal Smears for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Lamont Ronald F , Hudson Elizabeth A , Hay Phillip E , Morgan D John , Modi Vikash , Frcpath Cathy A Ison , Taylor-Robinson David 
Published: November 2017

Our objective is to compare the efficacy of using Papanicolaou (PAP)-stained cervical cytology smears with a standardized method of interpreting Gram-stained vaginal smears for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in pregnancy. High vaginal smears were Gram-stained and examined by a single observer to characterize 3 grades of vaginal flora and diagnose BV. Cervical smears were PAP-stained and examined for characteristic patterns of vaginal flora including evidence of BV by either a number of cytotechnicians or a single cytopathologist. The results of the 2 methods were compared. Seven hundred and forty-seven women attending an antenatal clinic in a district general hospital who consented to have a smear of vaginal secretions and cervical cytology in early pregnancy. The main outcome measure is the diagnosis of BV by different methods in a pregnant population. Compared with the Gram-stain method for the diagnosis of BV, there was good agreement between PAP-stain interpretation by a single observer but the agreement was not as good with PAP-stain interpretation by multiple cytotechnicians. When the grades were consolidated to normal (grade I) and abnormal flora (grades II and III), compared to Gram-stained smears, PAP cytology undertaken by several cytotechnicians had a sensitivity of 80.7% and a specificity of 90.7%. The sensitivity and specificity increased to 87% and 97%, respectively, when the PAP-stained smears were read by a single cytopathologist. Using kappa scores, only those readings made by a single cytopathologist were reliable. The setting in a cytopathology laboratory comprises multiple cytotechnicians, so that PAP-stain analysis of vaginal smears for the diagnosis of BV is likely to provide results which are less reliable than those obtained by Gram staining. The latter should be the first choice and every effort should be made to set up this service.
Referral Patterns between Primary Care and Genitourinary Medicine
Authors: Champion Jennifer K , Ross Jonathan D C 
Published: November 2017

Many patients attending genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics are self referred, but some patients initially present to their general practitioner (GP). The aim of this study was to describe the referral pattern of GPs in the Lothian region of Scotland to the local GUM clinic. A questionnaire was completed by all patients referred by their GP and a case note review supplied further diagnostic and demographic information. Of 1140 (23%) patients, 965 were available for study and were referred by their GP. There was a wide variability in referral rates from different practices and from different partners within a practice. The median referral rate per 100,000 practice population was 22.4/year (range 0–586). A referral letter accompanied the patient in 797/965 (83%) cases. The detection of cases of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in patients in primary care subsequently referred to the GUM clinic was low and poor diagnostic acumen for herpes simplex virus (HSV) was notable. No consistent practice for investigation or treatment prior to referral was found and there was marked failure of the investigations initiated in primary care to achieve diagnosis. Despite this, 24% of patients were already on treatment at the time of their GUM consultation. Few STDs were diagnosed in primary care and subsequently referred to the GUM clinic suggesting either failure to diagnose infections or reluctance to refer on for confirmation, treatment, test of cure and health education.
Risk of lymphoma subtypes by occupational exposure in Southern Italy
Authors: Ferri Giovanni Maria , Specchia Giorgina , Mazza Patrizio , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Intranuovo Graziana , Guastadisegno Chiara Monica , Congedo Maria Luisa , Lagioia Gianfranco , Loparco Maria Cristina , Giordano Annamaria , Perrone Tommasina , Guadio Francesco , Spinosa Caterina , Minoia Carla , D’Onghia Lucia , Strusi Michela , Corrado Vincenzo , Cavone Domenica , Vimercati Luigi , Schiavulli Nunzia , Cocco Pierluigi 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Occupational exposure is known to play a role in the aetiology of lymphomas. The aim of the present work was to explore the occupational risk of the major B-cell lymphoma subtypes using a case–control study design.

Methods
From 2009 to 2014, we recruited 158 lymphoma cases and 76 controls in the provinces of Bari and Taranto (Apulia, Southern Italy). A retrospective assessment of occupational exposure based on complete work histories and the Carcinogen Exposure (CAREX) job-exposure matrix was performed.

Results
After adjusting for major confounding factors, farmers showed an increased risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) [odds ratio (OR) = 10.9 (2.3–51.6)] and multiple myeloma (MM) [OR = 16.5 (1.4–195.7)]; exposure to the fungicide Captafol was significantly associated with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) [OR = 2.6 (1.1–8.2)], particularly with the risk of DLBCL [OR = 5.3 (1.6–17.3)].

Conclusions
Agricultural activity seems to be a risk factor for developing lymphoma subtypes, particularly DLBCL, in the provinces of Bari and Taranto (Apulia Region, Southern Italy). Exposure to the pesticides Captafol, Paraquat and Radon might be implicated.

Trial registration
Protocol number UNIBA 2207WEJLZB_004 registered 22/09/2008.
The Treatment In Morning versus Evening (TIME) study: analysis of recruitment, follow-up and retention rates post-recruitment
Authors: Rorie David A. , Flynn Robert W. V. , Mackenzie Isla S. , MacDonald Thomas M. , Rogers Amy 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background
The use of information technology (IT) is now the preferred method of capturing and storing clinical research data. The Treatment In Morning versus Evening (TIME) study predominantly uses electronic data capture and IT to compare morning dosing of hypertensive medication against evening dosing. Registration, consent, participant demographics and follow-up data are all captured via the study website. The aim of this article is to assess the success of the TIME methodology compared with similar studies.

Methods
To assess the TIME study, published literature on similar clinical trials was reviewed and compared against TIME recruitment, follow-up and email interaction data.

Results
The TIME website registered 31,695 individuals, 21,116 of whom were randomised. Recruitment cost per randomised participant varied by strategy: £17.40 by GP practice, £3.08 by UK Biobank and £58.82 for GoShare. Twelve-month follow-up retention rates were 96%. A total of 1089 participants have withdrawn from their assigned time of dosing, 2% of whom have declined follow-up by record linkage or further contact. When the TIME data are compared with similar study data, study recruitment is very successful. However, TIME suffers difficulties with participant follow-up and withdrawal rates similar to those of conventional studies.

Conclusions
The TIME study has been successful in recruitment. Follow-up, retention rates and withdrawal rates are all acceptable, but ongoing work is required to ensure participants remain engaged with the study. Various recruitment strategies are necessary, and all viable options should be encouraged to maintain participant engagement throughout the life of studies using IT.
Role of Physical Activity and Exercise in Treating Patients with Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Jakicic John M , Rogers Renee J , Davis Kelliann K , Collins Katherine A 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns that are linked to numerous negative health consequences. Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior that contributes to body weight regulation.

CONTENT
Physical activity is inversely associated with weight gain and the incidence of obesity. Physical activity also contributes to additional weight loss when coupled with dietary modification, and it can result in modest weight loss when not coupled with dietary modification. Moreover, physical activity is associated with improved long-term weight loss and prevention of weight gain following initial weight loss. Current evidence supports that physical activity should be moderate to vigorous in intensity to influence body weight regulation. There is also a growing body of evidence that physical activity can be accumulated throughout the day in shorter periods of time rather than being performed during a structured and longer period, and that physical activity performed in this manner can be important for body weight regulation.

SUMMARY
The literature supports the inclusion of physical activity as an important lifestyle behavior for regulating body weight. There are multiple intervention approaches that may be effective for enhancing physical activity engagement within the context of weight control.
Political satire in the Republic of Macedonia: Forms of humour and satire types in the online satirical news outlet Koza Nostra
Authors: Bosilkov Ivo 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Political satire is a type of critique that uses humour to reflect on issues in politics and media. While most of academic research has focused on entertainment shows in the United States, this study focuses on political satire in a different context, through identifying the forms of humour (irony and sarcasm) and satire types (juvenalian and horatian) in the Republic of Macedonia. In a content analysis of satirical news outlet Koza Nostra, it has been shown that lighter, more gentle horatian satire is predominant in the outlet’s articles (N=53), while instances of less inferential sarcasm outnumber those of complex irony. These findings demonstrate that political humour in the country is careful not to alienate its audiences, which in turn could be indicative of the manner in which satirical content is cognitively processed, and suggestive of wider implications for democracy and the public sphere in post-communist Eastern European countries.
Book Reviews
Authors: Sinnreich Aram , Dennison Stephanie , Özalpman Deniz 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A cultural approach to Carey
James W. Carey and Communication Research: Reputation at the University’s Margins, Jefferson Pooley (2016) 1st ed., New York: Peter Lang, 234 pp., ISBN: 9781433108464, h/bk, $94.95; ISBN: 9781433108471, p/bk, $52.95; ISBN: 9781433135675, e-book, $52.95, Self-archived http://www.jeffpooley.com/pubs/pooley-carey-reputation.pdf, Free
Globalization, Gender Politics, and the Media: From the West to Latin America, Carolina Matos (2016) 1st ed., Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 254 pp., ISBN: 9781498512442, h/bk, $90.00; ISBN: 9781498512459, e-book, $85.00
The Economics of the Audiovisual Industry: Financing TV, Film and Web, Mario La Torre (2014) 1st ed., UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 191 pp., ISBN: 9781137378460, h/bk, $31,00; ISBN: 9781137378477, e-book
Decentralized Coalition Formation with Agent-based Combinatorial Heuristics
Authors: Bremer Jörg , Lehnhoff Sebastian 
Published: November 2017

A steadily growing pervasion of the energy distribution grid with communication technology is widely seen as an enabler for new computational coordination techniques for renewable, distributed generation as well as for bundling with controllable consumers. Smart markets will foster a decentralized grid management. One important task as prerequisite to decentralized management is the ability to group together in order to jointly gain enough suitable flexibility and capacity to assume responsibility for a specific control task in the grid. In self-organized smart grid scenarios, grouping or coalition formation has to be achieved in a decentralized and situation aware way based on individual capabilities. We present a fully decentralized coalition formation approach based on an established agent-based heuristics for predictive scheduling with the additional advantage of keeping all information about local decision base and local operational constraints private. Two closely interlocked optimization processes orchestrate an overall procedure that adapts a coalition structure to best suit a given set of energy products. The approach is evaluated in several simulation scenarios with different type of established models for integrating distributed energy resources and is also extended to the induced use case of surplus distribution using basically the same algorithm.
Total abnormal invasive placenta in a woman with a history of placental abruption and severe hemorrhage
Authors: Imai Haruka , Hasegawa Junichi , Suzuki Yuki , Kondo Haruhiro , Suzuki Nao 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Abnormal invasive placenta (AIP) is subdivided into total, partial and focal types. A diagnosis of total AIP is made when the entire placenta adheres to the uterine myometrium. We experienced a patient with total AIP who had a history of an emergency cesarean section at 36 weeks of gestation due to placental abruption, and massive hemorrhage due to severe uterine atony treated conservatively with blood transfusion. From our experience with the present case, we hypothesize that total AIP resulted from thinning of the entire endometrium, as can occur with an ischemic change of the entire uterus after disruption of Nitabuch’s layer in severe placental abruption and intramuscular extravasation with uterine atony. This situation might adversely affect placental implantation in the current pregnancy.
(Health-related) quality of life and psychosocial factors in adolescents with chronic disease: a systematic literature review
Authors: Santos Teresa , de Matos Margarida Gaspar , Simões Celeste , Leal Isabel , do Céu Machado Maria 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Research on living with a chronic disease (CD) in adolescence is increasing. However, studies on the relevance of psychosocial factors are still needed. The present review, focuses on the impact of living with a CD in adolescence on on quality of life (QoL), health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychosocial factors.

Methods
A literature review of articles identified through PubMed, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES (these last two ones comprise the Ebsco Host platform) and original peer-reviewed research papers, published between 2010 and 2015, with no restrictions regarding the format/source of interventions, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or types of comparisons were included.

Results
Eighteen papers met the inclusion criteria and contradictory results were found: the majority showed a significantly higher risk of impairment on QoL/HRQoL and psychosocial factors, whereas others reported a significantly lower risk of impairment (highlighting possible protective factors), or no significant differences. Heterogeneity in the assessment procedures and substantial difficulties in considering adolescence as a single and independent age group, were also noted.

Conclusion
The higher risk of impairment and the heterogeneity observed between cohorts, reinforce the need to work towards consensual procedures, which allow for more accurate comparisons among studies. Additionally, it conveys the challenge to find more effective interventions. Furthermore, it is highly suggested to routinely assess HRQoL/psychosocial factors within an individualized framework, to considerer adolescents as a single/independent group, to emphasize potential protective factors, and, to increase youth’s participation in their own adaptation process and in health promotion in general. These are possible future directions that could enable multidisciplinary responses to improve HRQoL and psychosocial care in adolescents with a CD.