bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the multiple solutions of coating and rimming flows on rotating cylinders
Authors: Lopes André v. B. , Thiele Uwe , Hazel Andrew L. 
Published: November 2017

We consider steady solutions of the Stokes equations for the flow of a film of fluid on the outer or inner surface of a cylinder that rotates with its axis perpendicular to the direction of gravity. We find that previously unobserved stable and unstable steady solutions coexist over an intermediate range of rotation rates for sufficiently high values of the Bond number (ratio of gravitational forces relative to surface tension). Furthermore, we compare the results of the Stokes calculations to the classic lubrication models of Pukhnachev (J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., vol 18, 1977, pp. 344–351) and Reisfeld & Bankoff (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 236, 1992, pp. 167–196); an extended lubrication model of Benilov & O’Brien (Phys. Fluids, vol. 17, 2005, 052106) and Evans et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 16, 2004, pp. 2742–2756); and a new lubrication approximation formulated using gradient dynamics. We quantify the range of validity of each model and confirm that the gradient-dynamics model is most accurate over the widest range of parameters, but that the new steady solutions are not captured using any of the simplified models because they contain features that can only be described by the full Stokes equations.
DNS of a turbulent Couette flow at constant wall transpiration up to
Authors: Kraheberger S. , Hoyas S. , Oberlack M. 
Published: November 2017

We present a new set of direct numerical simulation data of a turbulent plane Couette flow with constant wall-normal transpiration velocity $V_{0}$, i.e. permeable boundary conditions, such that there is blowing on the lower side and suction on the upper side. Hence, there is no net change in flux to preserve periodic boundary conditions in the streamwise direction. Simulations were performed at $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=250,500,1000$ with varying transpiration rates in the range $V_{0}^{+}\approx 0.03$ to 0.085. Additionally, a classical Couette flow case at $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=1000$ is presented for comparison. As a first key result we found a considerably extended logarithmic region of the mean velocity profile, with constant indicator function $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}=0.77$ as transpiration increases. Further, turbulent intensities are observed to decrease with increasing transpiration rate. Mean velocities and intensities collapse only in the cases where the transpiration rate is kept constant, while they are largely insensitive to friction Reynolds number variations. The long and wide characteristic stationary rolls of classical turbulent Couette flow are still present for all present DNS runs. The rolls are affected by wall transpiration, but they are not destroyed even for the largest transpiration velocity case. Spectral information indicates the prevalence of the rolls and the existence of wide structures near the blowing wall. The statistics of all simulations can be downloaded from the webpage of the Chair of Fluid Dynamics.
Pressure Work and Viscous Dissipation Effects on Heat Transfer in a Parallel–Plate Microchannel Gas Flow
Authors: Ramadan K. M. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTConvective heat transfer in a parallel plate microchannel gas flow is investigated analytically and numerically, considering the effects of viscous dissipation, pressure work, shear work, axial conduction and rarefaction. Analysis is performed with constant wall temperature and constant wall heat flux boundary conditions for both gas cooling and heating. The results presented demonstrate the significance of the combined effect of pressure work and viscous dissipation, shear work, rarefaction degree and axial conduction on microchannel convective heat transfer, in both the thermally developing and fully developed flow regions. Viscous dissipation and pressure work in a pressure-driven microchannel gas flow are of comparable magnitudes and may not be neglected from the energy equation. The shear work at the wall, which is effectively the combined effect of viscous dissipation and pressure work, needs to be included in the Nusselt number for better predictions of heat transfer.
Gender, individualism–collectivism and individuals’ propensity to trust: A comparative exploratory study
Authors: Zeffane Rachid 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe explore the impact of gender, individualism–collectivism on individual’s propensity to trust. The study draws on data from three groups of individuals in the United Arab Emirates: students; (n=370); small business owners/operators (n=324), and employed individuals (n=376). Three main hypotheses are tested. We develop and explore three main hypotheses. Statistical results reveal that females are generally more collectivist and less trusting than their males counterparts. Further analysis revealed that small business/operators are generally more trusting than the other cohorts of respondents. Propensity to trust was also found to be strongly associated with collectivist (rather than individualist) aspirations. Implications for future research and management practice are discussed.
Effect of maternal dyslipidaemia on the cardiorespiratory physiology and biochemical parameters in male rat offspring
Authors: Guimarães Keyth Sulamitta L. , de Araújo Emmanuel Veríssimo , Aquino Jailane Souza , Gadelha Danilo Assis , Balarini Camille Moura , Costa-Silva João Henrique , Magnani Marciane , Vidal Hubert , Braga Valdir Andrade , de Brito Alves José Luiz 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe present study evaluated the effects of maternal dyslipidaemia on blood pressure (BP), cardiorespiratory physiology and biochemical parameters in male offspring. Wistar rat dams were fed either a control (CTL) or a dyslipidaemic (DLP) diet during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, both CTL and DLP offspring received standard diet. On the 30th and 90th day of life, blood samples were collected for metabolic analyses. Direct measurements of BP, respiratory frequency (RF), tidal volume (VT) and ventilation (VE) under baseline condition, as well as during hypercapnia (7 % CO2) and hypoxia (KCN, 0·04 %), were recorded from awake 90-d-old male offspring. DLP dams exhibited raised serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) (4·0-fold), TAG (2·0-fold), VLDL+LDL (7·7-fold) and reduced HDL-cholesterol (2·4-fold), insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis at the end of lactation. At 30 d of age, the DLP offspring showed an increase in the serum levels of TC (P<0·05) and VLDL+LDL (P<0·05) in comparison with CTL offspring. At 90 d of age, DLP offspring exhibited higher mean arterial pressure (MAP, approximately 34 %). In the spectral analysis, the DLP group showed augmented low-frequency (LF) power and LF:high-frequency (HF) ratio when compared with CTL offspring. In addition, the DLP animals showed a larger delta variation in arterial pressure after administration of the ganglionic blocker (P=0·0003). We also found that cardiorespiratory response to hypercapnia and hypoxia was augmented in DLP offspring. In conclusion, the present data show that maternal dyslipidaemia alters cardiorespiratory physiology and may be a predisposing factor for hypertension at adulthood.
DO IN UTERO SHOCKS HAVE ADVERSE EFFECTS ON CHILD HEALTH OUTCOMES AND CAN WELFARE SCHEMES AMELIORATE SUCH EFFECTS? EVIDENCE FROM ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: Ahmed Salma , Ray Ranjan 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis study aimed to assess whether shocks experienced by children in the mother’s womb can have an adverse effect on their future health, and whether these effects can be ameliorated by government welfare schemes. Data were taken from three phases of the Young Lives Survey carried out in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh in 2002, 2007 and 2009–2010. Different types of in utero shock were distinguished from the data. Using ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation, it was observed that multiple in utero shocks reduced children’s weight-for-age and height-for-age z-scores by 0.07–0.08 and 0.08–0.15 units respectively. The roles of two Indian government welfare schemes – the Midday Meal Scheme (MDMS) and the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) – in mitigating the adverse effects of in utero shocks were examined. While the effect of the MDMS was statistically insignificant, that of the NREGS was significant. Although not designed to protect child health, the NREGS has been playing a more effective role than the MDMS in acting as a buffer against the damaging effects of in utero shocks on child health. The study points to the need for greater co-ordination between the two welfare schemes.
Behavioral consequences of mild traumatic brain injury in preschoolers
Authors: Gagner Charlotte , Landry-Roy Catherine , Bernier Annie , Gravel Jocelyn , Beauchamp Miriam H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundPediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of long-term disability in children and adolescents worldwide. Amongst the wide array of consequences known to occur after pediatric TBI, behavioral impairments are among the most widespread and may particularly affect children who sustain injury early in the course of development. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems 6 months after preschool (i.e. 18–60 months old) mild TBI.MethodsThis work is part of a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of preschool TBI. Participants (N = 229) were recruited to one of three groups: children with mild TBI, typically developing children and orthopedic injured (OI) children. Mothers of children in all three groups completed the Child Behavior Checklist as a measure of behavioral outcomes 6-month post-injury. Demographics, injury-related characteristics, level of parental distress, and estimates of pre-injury behavioral problems were also documented.ResultsThe three groups did not differ on baseline characteristics (e.g. demographics and pre-injury behavioral problems for the mild TBI and OI groups) and level of parental distress. Mothers’ ratings of internalizing and externalizing behaviors were higher in the mild TBI group compared with the two control groups. Pre-injury behavioral problems and maternal distress were found to be significant predictors of outcome.ConclusionOur results show that even in its mildest form, preschool TBI may cause disruption to the immature brain serious enough to result in behavioral changes, which persist for several months post-injury.
Sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit assistance for paraplegic patients with CUHK-EXO exoskeleton
Authors: Chen Bing , Zhong Chun-Hao , Ma Hao , Guan Xiao , Qin Lai-Yin , Chan Kai-Ming , Law Sheung-Wai , Qin Ling , Liao Wei-Hsin 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYIn this paper, we introduce a lower extremity exoskeleton CUHK-EXO that is developed to help paraplegic patients, who have lost the motor and sensory functions of their lower limbs to perform basic daily life motions. Since the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit (STS) motion is the first step for paraplegic patients toward walking, analysis of the exoskeleton's applicability to the STS motion assistance is performed. First, the human-exoskeleton system (HES) is modeled as a five-link model during the STS motion, and the center of pressure (COP) on the ground and center of gravity of the whole system are calculated. Then, a description of the CUHK-EXO hardware design is presented, including the mechatronics design and actuator selection. The COP position is an important factor indicating system balance and wearer's comfort. Based on the COP position, a trajectory online modification algorithm (TOMA) is proposed for CUHK-EXO to counteract disturbances, stabilize system balance, and improve the wearer's comfort in the STS motion. The results of STS motion tests conducted with a paraplegic patient demonstrate that CUHK-EXO can provide a normal reference pattern and proper assistive torque to support the patient's STS motion. In addition, a pilot study is conducted with a healthy subject to verify the effectiveness of the proposed TOMA under external disturbances before future clinical trials. The testing results verify that CUHK-EXO can counteract disturbances, and help the wearer perform the STS motion safely and comfortably.
The magnitude of a graph
Authors: LEINSTER TOM 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe magnitude of a graph is one of a family of cardinality-like invariants extending across mathematics; it is a cousin to Euler characteristic and geometric measure. Among its cardinality-like properties are multiplicativity with respect to cartesian product and an inclusion-exclusion formula for the magnitude of a union. Formally, the magnitude of a graph is both a rational function over ℚ and a power series over ℤ. It shares features with one of the most important of all graph invariants, the Tutte polynomial; for instance, magnitude is invariant under Whitney twists when the points of identification are adjacent. Nevertheless, the magnitude of a graph is not determined by its Tutte polynomial, nor even by its cycle matroid, and it therefore carries information that they do not.
Revisionist Just War Theory and the Concept of War Crimes
Authors: CHEHTMAN ALEJANDRO 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnder contemporary international law, war crimes are conceived as particularly serious violations of the laws of armed conflict. Mere participation of rank-and-file soldiers in an unjust or unlawful war is generally not considered to warrant legal punishment. This position is based on the principle of equality between belligerents. During the last 20 years, this principle has been challenged by the so-called revisionist position in just war theory, as well as by certain scholars in international law. According to them, unjust or unlawful participants in armed conflict perpetrate serious wrongs. This article argues that their conduct is not only morally wrongful, but also that it should be criminalized under certain circumstances. On the basis of empirical research on cognitive biases, and on one of the leading accounts of legitimate authority in political philosophy, it argues that participation in war warrants criminalization only when the war is knowingly or manifestly unlawful. Furthermore, it claims that this position is not only sound at the level of deep moral principles, but that in fact it provides a persuasive reinterpretation of existing international law.
Epidemiology and genetic diversity of human parechoviruses circulating among children hospitalised with acute gastroenteritis in Pune, Western India: a 5-years study
Authors: PATIL P. R. , GANORKAR N. N. , GOPALKRISHNA V. 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYHuman parechoviruses (HPeVs) are known to cause various clinical manifestations including acute gastroenteritis. Although HPeV infections and their genotypes have been detected in human patients worldwide, no such reports are available from India to ascertain the association of HPeVs in acute gastroenteritis. The present study was conducted to determine the clinical features and genetic diversity of HPeVs detected in children hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis. Stool specimens (n= 979) collected from children aged ⩽5 years hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis in Pune, western India during January 2006–December 2010 were included. HPeV RNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (5′UTR) followed by genotyping using VP1 gene-based PCR and phylogenetic analysis. HPeV was detected in 13·9% (136/979) of the cases, co-infections with other enteric viruses were found in 43·4%. HPeV was more frequent in children ⩽1 year age with infections reported throughout the year. A total of 102/136 (75%) HPeV strains were genotyped, which comprised 13 different HPeV genotypes. Of these, HPeV1 was the most predominant genotype detected and phylogenetically clustered with the Harris strain which is rarely reported. The study documents circulation of heterogeneous HPeV genotypes. Two variant strains of HPeV4 and ‘RGD absent’ HPeV5 and 6 strains were also detected. This is the first report of HPeV with diversified genotypes identified in acute gastroenteritis patients from India.
Drug addiction and alcoholism as predictors for tuberculosis treatment default in Brazil: a prospective cohort study
Authors: SILVA M. R. , PEREIRA J. C. , COSTA R. R. , DIAS J. A. , GUIMARÃES M. D. C. , LEITE I. C. G. 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYThis study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) treatment default in a priority city for disease control in Brazil. A cohort of TB cases diagnosed from 2008 to 2009 was followed up from patients’ entry into three outpatient sites, in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais (Brazil), until the recording of the outcomes. Drug addiction, alcoholism and treatment site appeared to be independently associated with default. Current users of crack as the hardest drug (odds ratio (OR) 12·25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3·04–49·26) were more likely to default than other hard drug users (OR 5·67, 95% CI 1·34–24·03), former users (OR 4·12, 95% CI 1·11–15·20) and those not known to use drugs (reference group). Consumers at high risk of alcoholism (OR 2·94, 95% CI 1·08–7·99) and those treated in an outpatient hospital unit (OR 8·22, 95% CI 2·79–24·21%) also were more likely to default. Our results establish that substance abuse was independently associated with default. National TB programmes might be more likely to achieve their control targets if they include interventions aimed at improving adherence and cure rates, by diagnosing and treating substance abuse concurrently with standard TB therapy.
Impact of an intervention programme on knowledge, attitudes and practices of population regarding severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in endemic areas of Lu'an, China
Authors: LYU Y. , HU C.-Y. , SUN L. , QIN W. , XU P.-P. , SUN J. , HU J.-Y. , YANG Y. , LI F.-L. , CHANG H.-W. , LI X.-D. , XIE S.-Y. , LI K.-C. , HUANG X.-X. , DING F. , ZHANG X.-J. 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYKnowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of the population regarding severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in endemic areas of Lu'an in China were assessed before and after an intervention programme. The pre-intervention phase was conducted using a sample of 425 participants from the 12 selected villages with the highest rates of endemic SFTS infection. A predesigned interview questionnaire was used to assess KAP. Subsequently, an intervention programme was designed and applied in the selected villages. KAP was re-assessed for each population in the selected villages using the same interview questionnaire. Following 2 months of the programme, 339 participants had completed the re-assessed survey. The impact of the intervention programme was evaluated using suitable statistical methods. A significant increase in the KAP and total KAP scores was noted following the intervention programme, whereas the proportion of correct knowledge, the positive attitudes and the effective practices toward SFTS of respondents increased significantly. The intervention programme was effective in improving KAP level of SFTS in populations that were resident in endemic areas.
Overweight negatively affects outcome of superovulation treatment in female mice
Authors: Fabian Dušan , Babeľová Janka , Čikoš Štefan , Šefčíková Zuzana 
Published: November 2017

SummarySuperovulatory response is characterized by a high degree of variability and unpredictability. The aim of the present experimental study was to examine whether the amount of maternal body fat can influence the efficiency of ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins. Female mice of two body condition types, normal and obese, produced in a standardized two-generation model, were subjected to ovarian stimulation using eCG and hCG followed by natural mating. Produced ova and embryos were recovered on day 1 and day 4 of pregnancy respectively, and several quantitative, qualitative and developmental parameters were evaluated in them. The overall response of mouse females with normal and elevated amounts of body fat to superovulation was similar: They produced almost the same numbers of ova and embryos on average. Conversely, a higher number of immature oocytes, non-fertilized mature oocytes and lower-stage zygotes were collected from fat females. In both groups, the majority of fertilized oocytes was able to cleave and reach the higher stages of development. However, in the group of fat mice, a lower number of blastocysts was collected, and these blastocysts showed increased incidence of apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, although the response of normal and fat mice to superovulatory treatment was similar, the quality and developmental capacities of produced ova were lower in the group of fat donors.
Prevalence of breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding at 48 h after birth and up to the sixth month in Cyprus: the BrEaST start in life project
Authors: Economou Mary , Kolokotroni Ourania , Paphiti-Demetriou Irene , Kouta Christiana , Lambrinou Ekaterini , Hadjigeorgiou Eleni , Hadjiona Vasiliki , Tryfonos Froso , Philippou Elena , Middleton Nicos 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of breast-feeding (BF) and exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) in Cyprus up to the sixth month.DesignCross-sectional and longitudinal descriptive study. BF and EBF were estimated based on mothers’ self-reported BF status in line with Step 7 of the WHO/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative questionnaire and based on 24 h recall.SettingMaternity wards in all public hospitals and twenty-nine (of thirty-five) private maternity clinics nationwide.SubjectsConsecutive sample of 586 mothers recruited within 48 h from birth, followed up by telephone interview at the first, fourth and sixth month.ResultsAlthough 84·3 % of mothers initiated BF before discharge, prevalence of BF at the sixth month was 32·4 %, with the highest reduction observed between the first and fourth months. Prevalence of EBF at 48 h was 18·8 % and fell gradually to 5·0 % at the sixth month. Mothers with higher educational attainment or higher family income were more likely to breast-feed until the sixth month. In terms of EBF, an association was observed only with education, which persisted until the sixth month. Other than social gradient, mode of delivery was the strongest determinant of BF initiation, exclusivity and continuation. Mothers who gave birth vaginally were three to four times more likely to initiate BF (OR=3·1; 95 % CI 1·7, 5·4) and EBF (OR=4·3; 95 % CI 2·7, 6·8).ConclusionsThe low prevalence of BF and EBF in Cyprus, together with the fact that caesarean section rates are currently among the highest in Europe, suggest the need for further research to understand this multidimensional phenomenon and for interdisciplinary policy action to protect, promote and support BF.