bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rekonseptualisasi Seleksi Hakim Konstitusi Sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Hakim Konstitusi yang Berkualifikasi
Authors: Indramayu Indramayu , Jayus Jayus , Indrayati Rosita 
Published: December 2017

Integrity, good character, justice, and expert statesman of the constitution as the indicators to appoint Constitutional Judge should be taken into account by the Supreme Court, the House, and the President in the selection process. The cases of corruption named Akil Mochtar and Patrialis Akbar as the convicted and the suspected persons respectively should be regarded as an appropriate opportunity to evaluate law relating to the Constitutional Judges selection process in which it is not clearly defined in the Constitutional Court Act. To date, the law relating to selection is given to respective institutions where the Supreme Court takes the selection internally with no transparency, the House only requires to write and present article, and—in some cases—the President prefers to appoint with no adequate criteria. The article uses doctrinal research in addressing the case related to the current regulation on constitutional judge selection. It concludes that the Supreme Court, the House, and the President ignore the principles of transparency, participatory, objectivity, and accountability in the selection, including the possibility of resulting unqualified judge. The selection needs reconceptualization comprising the establishment of expert panel, unaffiliated candidate to a political party, and re-concept of selection mechanism.
Keywords: Reconceptualization, Selection, Constitutional Judge
Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Potensi Daerah
Authors: Farid Mifta , Antikowati Antikowati , Indrayati Rosita 
Published: December 2017

This article describes the relationship between the authority local governments and participation in the management of the potential of the region. The authors argue that local government has a broad authority within its jurisdiction to manage local potentials. One of the tasks borne by government is by following the country, namely hold some of the state as organization power, one of them is given to the public and private in publishing licensing. On one side, the role of the community is very important in the management of the potential of the region as a form of concern of the community development of area, then with the participation of the community hope to increase the income of the around and for the local government assets. On the other hand, residents as a their nets a an ongoing activity. Later in this article explain also forms of public participation in the management of the potential of the region. This article use the study literature regarding the authority local governments and the study legislation about the authority local governments that applies. The results of the study concluded that extent authority local governments one of which is the licensing on the management regional potential, on the other side, required public participation in the management of potential an area.
Keywords: Local Government, Public Participation, Local Potentials
The Role of Indonesian CSOs to Increase the Understanding of Diffabled Issues in the Indonesian Criminal Justice System
Authors: Wicaksana Dio Ashar 
Published: December 2017

Indonesia successfully amended Disabled People Law in early 2016. The fundamental amendment is creating equal rights and opportunity for disabled groups. Disability group in this context is the people who have physical and mental limitations to communicate and participate effectively with another people as equals. But, nowadays some people prefer using the term “difabled” than “disabled”.
Difabled alongside with feminist, LGBT and minority groups commonly known as a part of discriminated groups in society. Difabled activist believe that difabled is a natural part of human diversity – something that should be valued and respected, rather than pitied, feared and discriminated. Difabled people are potentially to be victim 4-10 times more than other people. Pusham UII (2015) highlighted the existence of many violations in the Indonesian criminal justice system to difabled people, such as: improper questioning, failure to process reports from blind people and a general atmosphere of disrespect to the difabled community. One of the major problems is the Indonesian law officers’ lack of knowledge and understanding of difabled groups.
In Yogyakarta, Civil Society Organization (CSO) has significant role to increase understanding of difabled issues. In this instance, Sasana Integration and Advocacy of Difabled (Sigab) developed an inclusive village project in Yogyakarta. They provide education and socialization of difabled issues within village’s community. Another example, Pusham UII have developed the curriculum and module to provide training in legal institution (Police, Prosecutor and Judge).
This paper discusses the understanding of law officer after Indonesian disability law already enacted in early 2016. Thereafter, I will discuss how Indonesian CSOs helps to increase the understanding of difabled issues, to eliminate gap of knowledge between legal formal with practice area. Consequently, my research question is formulated: “How does the role of Indonesian CSOs to increase the understanding of difabled issues in the Indonesian criminal justice system?”
Keywords: Disability, Civil Society Organization, Criminal Justice System
El derecho alternativo en el pluralismo jurídico ecuatoriano
Authors: Díaz Ocampo Eduardo , Antúnez Sánchez Alcides 
Published: December 2017

El artículo examina el conflicto de competencia entre la jurisdicción ordinaria y la indígena, los procesos que se dan entre las dos jurisdicciones a partir del texto constitucional y el desarrollo normativo en el Ecuador. De este análisis queda claro que la jurisdicción ordinaria tiene competencia global sobre las conductas que se realizan dentro del territorio indígena y en consecuencia tienen facultad ancionatoria a partir del reconocimiento del cual se deriva el derecho de los miembros de las comunidades indígenas a un fuero y se concede el derecho de ser juzgado por suspropias autoridades, conforme a sus normas y procedimientos dentro de su ambiente territorial en aras de garantizar el respeto por la particular cosmovisión del individuo.
Las relaciones jurídicas estándares en el arbitraje
Authors: Castillo Freyre Mario , Sabroso Minaya Rita , Castro Zapata Laura , Chipana Catalán Jhoel 
Published: December 2017

El Decreto Legislativo Nº 1071, que es la norma que regula el arbitraje en el Perú, se refiere a la figura de las relaciones jurídicas estándares, que es, en realidad, la manifestación de la contratación en masa. En ese sentido, a través de este ensayo vamos a realizar un análisis de esta figura propia de los contratos, y cómo es que esta se relaciona con el contenido del artículo 15 de la Ley de Arbitraje.
Reflexiones sobre el delito societario
Authors: Flores Dávila María Lourdes , Tello Cabello Sara Ynés 
Published: December 2017

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo mostrar la necesidad de tipificar el delito societario en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico penal, para que se pueda controlar a las empresas y reprimir las conductas ilícitas que atentan contra el orden socioeconómico del país, ya que las conductas lesivas tienen un impacto en la economía, afectando a la comunidad. Mantener tales conductas como un delito contra el patrimonio (por ejemplo, fraude en la administración de personas jurídicas) solamente protege al particular. La investigación permite concluir en un aporte académico con una aproximación al problema planteado.
Metamodel for nodal pressure estimation at near real-time in water distribution systems using artificial neural networks
Authors: Lima Gustavo Meirelles , Brentan Bruno Melo , Manzi Daniel , Luvizotto Edevar 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The development of computational models for analysis of the operation of water supply systems requires the calibration of pipes' roughness, among other parameters. Inadequate values of this parameter can result in inaccurate solutions, compromising the applicability of the model as a decision-making tool. This paper presents a metamodel to estimate the pressure at all nodes of a distribution network based on artificial neural networks (ANNs), using a set of field data obtained from strategically located pressure sensors. This approach aims to increase the available pressure data, reducing the degree of freedom of the calibration problem. The proposed model uses the inlet flow of the district metering area and pressure data monitored in some nodes, as input data to the ANN, obtaining as output, the pressure values for nodes that were not monitored. Two case studies of real networks are presented to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the method. The results ratify the efficiency of ANN as state forecaster, showing the high applicability of the metamodel tool to increase a database or to identify abnormal events during an operation.
Towards sustainable urban sanitation: a capacity-building approach to wastewater mapping for small towns in India
Authors: Narayanan N. C. , Ray Isha , Gopakumar Govind , Argade Poonam 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDecentralized technologies and city-based governance are being actively promoted for urban sanitation in low-income countries. At the same time, municipal agencies in developing countries have little technical or financial capacity for sanitation planning. This paper develops an approach to sanitation planning that leverages citizen engagement and fosters local capacities. It presents an empirical study from two small towns in India, where collaborations among the research team, local academics and students, and the municipal government, produced planning-oriented sanitary maps of each town. The maps were built upon a social and spatial understanding of the diverse sanitation practices that already exist, coupled with Google Earth and free GIS software. The ‘waste watersheds’ and ‘sanitation zones’ identified through the mapping process provide a basis on which sanitation interventions can be assessed and weighed, so that sustainable solutions can be prioritized. The paper identifies three features for system interventions: first, making local municipal government the locus of sanitation interventions; second, engaging community-based organizations and academic institutions to develop local capacity; and finally, recognizing the fragmented nature of cities by developing a socio-spatial approach to sanitation zoning.
Moving up the sanitation ladder with the help of microfinance in urban Malawi
Authors: Chunga Richard , Jenkins M. W. , Ensink Jeroen , Brown Joe 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We carried out a stated preference survey in Malawi to examine whether access to microfinance for sanitation would significantly increase the proportion of households upgrading to improved pit latrines or alternative improved sanitation technologies (urine diverting dry toilet, fossa alterna, pour flush). We presented a range of sanitation options at local market prices, initially without and then with a real microfinance option, to 1,300 households sampled across 27 low-income urban settlements in the two largest cities, Lilongwe and Blantyre. When we gave respondents a microfinance option, the proportion of households stating an intention to install improved and unimproved pit latrines decreased significantly, while the proportion stating an intention to upgrade to alternative improved sanitation technologies increased significantly. However, households in the lowest wealth quintile were more likely to state a preference for unimproved pit latrines, suggesting that the benefits of microfinance for sanitation may not accrue equally across wealth strata. Organisations seeking to improve access to safely managed sanitation by promoting alternative sanitation technologies would succeed if households have access to affordable alternative sanitation technologies and microfinance for sanitation. However, poorer households would need more affordable improved sanitation technologies, flexible microfinance options and possibly targeted subsidies to gain access to safely managed sanitation.
Assessing the spatial pattern of iron in well water from a small central Florida community
Authors: Hudgins Jason , Lambert Nicholas , Duranceau Steven , Russell Butler J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIron is one of the most common elements in the Earth's crust, which corresponds to it being a common constituent in drinking water supplies. Residents of Bithlo, an unincorporated community in east-central Florida, have observed that their drinking water tastes like metal and stains clothing and teeth. An evaluation of water samples collected from over 200 private drinking water wells revealed iron concentrations that exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) secondary standard of 0.3 mg/L. Households with and without point-of-entry treatment were found to have over three times (0.92 mg/L) and ten times (3.86 mg/L) more iron than the EPA's secondary standard, respectively. The human health-based threshold of 4.2 mg/L established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was exceeded in 38.6% of untreated residences. Community-wide statistical and spatial water-quality trends were developed by combining the collected well water quality data with historically available water quality reports. Spatial analyses revealed that greater than 99% of the Bithlo community's private household supplies would exceed the EPA's drinking water secondary standard.
Yeast isolation and identification in water used in a Brazilian hemodialysis unit by classic microbiological techniques and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Montanari Lilian Bueno , Sartori Flávio Garcia , Ribeiro Diórginis Bueno Montrazi , Leandro Luís Fernando , Pires Regina Helena , Melhem Márcia de Souza Carvalho , de Mello César Alexandre , Martins Carlos Henrique Gomes 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The use of poorly treated water in hemodialysis centers may lead to fungal contamination, which poses a serious threat to immunologically debilitated hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to isolate and identify yeast species in the water of a Brazilian hemodialysis center by using classic microbiological techniques and Raman spectroscopy. For 12 months, a total of 288 water samples were collected from different points of the hemodialysis treatment distribution center. One hundred and forty-six yeast species were isolated and identified in the samples that tested positive for the presence of yeasts such as Candida parapsilosis (100 isolates, or 68.50%), C. guilliermondii (17 isolates, or 11.65%), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (23 isolates, or 15.75%), R. glutinis (three isolates, or 2.05%), and Trichosporon inkin (three isolates, or 2.05%). Yeast susceptibility to the antifungal fluconazole was also assayed. Only two C. guilliermondii isolates were resistant to fluconazole: the minimal inhibitory concentrations were higher than 64 μg/mL. The different yeast species present in the water of a Brazilian hemodialysis center call for more effective water disinfection procedures in this unit. Raman spectroscopy is an excellent tool to identify yeast species and is potentially applicable in routine water monitoring in hemodialysis units.
Managing cyanobacterial toxin risks to recreational users: a case study of inland lakes in South East Queensland
Authors: Veal Cameron James , Neelamraju Catherine , Wolff T. , Watkinson A. , Shillito D. , Canning A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The management of inland waterways to protect recreational users from cyanotoxin exposure is complicated by the common management practice of using proxy indicators of cyanotoxin production (cell counts and biovolumes of potentially toxin species), rather than the cyanotoxin itself. This widely accepted practice is further complicated by a lack of advisory guidelines for non-microcystin-producing cyanotoxins. This study has investigated the effectiveness of this management approach over five and a half years, monitoring 65 different sites in South East Queensland using phycological and toxin-analysis. This study concluded that cell counts of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, the most common potentially toxin producing species of cyanobacteria in South East Queensland's inland lakes, was a poor proxy indicator for cylindrospermopsin toxin production. Seqwater, the local water authority responsible for the management of recreational access to drinking water storage lakes, initiated an alternative management approach for recreational cyanobacterial water quality management in December 2016. This new approach is based on cyanobacterial toxin guideline values for five different cyanotoxins, with closures and warning notices issued based on the actual cyanotoxin concentration, not the proxy indicator. We encourage other recreational water management authorities consider this approach to manage recreational access in the future.
Understanding the effects of bulk mixing on the determination of the affinity index: consequences for process operation and design
Authors: Arnaldos Marina , Rehman Usman , Naessens Wouter , Amerlinck Youri , Nopens Ingmar 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the importance of mixing conditions as a source of inconsistencies between half-saturation indices in comparable systems (e.g. conventional activated sludge, membrane bioreactor) when operated at different conditions or different scales. As proof-of-principle, an exemplary system consisting of the second vessel of a hybrid respirometer has been studied. The system has been modeled both using an integrated computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-biokinetic model (assumed to represent the physical system) and a tanks-in-series, completely stirred tank reactor biokinetic model (representing the applied model). The results show that different mixing conditions cause deviations in the half-saturation indices calculated when matching the applied model to the physical system performance. Additionally, sensor location has been shown to impact the calculation of half-saturation indices in the respirometric system. This will only become more pronounced at larger scales. Thus, mixing conditions clearly affect operation and design of wastewater treatment reactors operated at low substrate concentrations. Both operation and design can be improved with the development and application of integrated CFD-biokinetic or compartmental models.
Natural treatment system models for wastewater management: a study from Hyderabad, India
Authors: Sonkamble Sahebrao , Wajihuddin Md. , Jampani Mahesh , Sarah S. , Somvanshi V. K. , Ahmed Shakeel , Amerasinghe Priyanie , Boisson Alexandre 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWastewater generated on a global scale has become a significant source of water resources which necessitates appropriate management strategies. However, the complexities associated with wastewater are lack of economically viable treatment systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries. While many types of treatment systems are needed to serve the various local issues, we propose natural treatment systems (NTS) such as natural wetlands that are eco-friendly, cost-effective, and can be jointly driven by public bodies and communities. In order for it to be part of wastewater management, this study explores the NTS potential for removal of pollutants, cost-effectiveness, and reuse options for the 1.20 million m3/day of wastewater generated in Hyderabad, India. The pilot study includes hydro-geophysical characterization of natural wetland to determine pollutant removal efficiency and its effective utilization for treated wastewater in the peri-urban habitat. The results show the removal of organic content (76–78%), nutrients (77–97%), and microbes (99.5–99.9%) from the wetland-treated wastewater and its suitability for agriculture applications. Furthermore, the wetland efficiency integrated with engineered interventions led to the development of NTS models with different application scenarios: (i) constructed wetlands, (ii) minimized community wetlands, and (iii) single outlet system, suitable for urban, peri-urban and rural areas, respectively.
Characterizing health risks associated with recreational swimming at Taiwanese beaches by using quantitative microbial risk assessment
Authors: Jang Cheng-Shin , Liang Ching-Ping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTaiwan is surrounded by oceans, and therefore numerous pleasure beaches attract millions of tourists annually to participate in recreational swimming activities. However, impaired water quality because of fecal pollution poses a potential threat to the tourists' health. This study probabilistically characterized the health risks associated with recreational swimming engendered by waterborne enterococci at 13 Taiwanese beaches by using quantitative microbial risk assessment. First, data on enterococci concentrations at coastal beaches monitored by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration were reproduced using nonparametric Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The ingestion volumes of recreational swimming based on uniform and gamma distributions were subsequently determined using MCS. Finally, after the distribution combination of the two parameters, the beta-Poisson dose–response function was employed to quantitatively estimate health risks to recreational swimmers. Moreover, various levels of risk to recreational swimmers were classified and spatially mapped to explore feasible recreational and environmental management strategies at the beaches. The study results revealed that although the health risks associated with recreational swimming did not exceed an acceptable benchmark of 0.019 illnesses daily at all beaches, they approached to this benchmark at certain beaches. Beaches with relatively high risks are located in Northwestern Taiwan owing to the current movements.
Nitrogen removal via a single-stage PN–Anammox process in a novel combined biofilm reactor
Authors: Han Yue-mei , Liu Feng-xia , Xu Xiao-fei , Yan Zhuo , Liu Zhi-jun 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study developed a partial nitrification (PN) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) process for treating high-ammonia wastewater using an innovative biofilm system in which ammonia oxidizing bacteria grew on fluidized Kaldnes (K1) carriers and Anammox bacteria grew on fixed acryl resin carriers. The airlift loop biofilm reactor (ALBR) was stably operated for more than 4 months under the following conditions: 35 ± 2 °C, pH 7.5–8.0 and dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0.5–3.5 mg/L. The results showed that the total nitrogen removal efficiency reached a maximum of 75% and the total nitrogen removal loading rate was above 0.4 kg/(d·m3). DO was the most efficient control parameter in the mixed biofilm system, and values below 1.5 mg/L were observed in the riser zone for the PN reaction, while values below 0.8 mg/L were observed in the downer zone for the Anammox reaction. Scanning electron microscopy and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization images showed that most of the nitrifying bacteria were distributed on the K1 carriers and most of the Anammox bacteria were distributed within the acryl resin carriers. Therefore, the results indicate that the proposed combined biofilm system is easy to operate and efficient for the treatment of high-ammonia wastewater.