bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐world trends in acute viral hepatitis in Japan: A nationwide questionnaire‐based survey
Authors: Okushin Kazuya , Kanto Tatsuya , Korenaga Masaaki , Ikeuchi Kazuhiko , Kishida Toshiyuki , Kado Akira , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Tsutsumi Takeya , Takura Tomoyuki , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi ,   Kind Nationwide Institution Group for Hepatitis Treatment in Japan (Knight‐Japan)
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThe actual incidence of acute viral hepatitis in Japan remains unclear. We aimed to investigate trends in the incidence of acute hepatitis B and C infections in Japan.MethodsA nationwide, multicenter, retrospective questionnaire‐based survey was conducted. Participating hospitals received questionnaires through nationwide geographically distributed regional core centers certified as specialists in hepatitis treatment. The questionnaire included hospital size and the number of patients diagnosed with acute hepatitis B or C during each fiscal year (FY) from 2015 to 2022. The sex distribution in each FY was also documented. Comparisons were made before and during the COVID‐19 era (2015–2019 vs. 2020–2022), and between populous and non‐populous prefectures.ResultsResponses to the questionnaires were obtained from 127 institutions in 29 prefectures covering eight regions in Japan. A median of 127.0 patients with acute hepatitis B (interquartile range [IQR] 106.5–131.8 patients) were reported during each FY, and the incidence significantly decreased during the fiscal years 2020–2022 compared with the fiscal years 2015–2020 (median 96.0 [IQR 91.0–103.0] patients vs. 131.0 [IQR 128.0–134.0] patients; p = 0.03). A median of 10.0 (IQR, 7.8–13.5) patients were reported with acute hepatitis C during each FY. The proportions of men in acute hepatitis B and C were significantly higher in populous prefectures.ConclusionsPopulous prefectures had a higher proportion of men among viral hepatitis patients than non‐populous prefectures. Estimating the high‐risk populations in each area could provide insights to advance the elimination of viral hepatitis.
Incorporating online writing resources into self‐regulated learning strategy‐based instruction: An intervention study
Authors: Yabukoshi Tomoko , Mizumoto Atsushi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile self‐regulated learning (SRL) strategy‐based writing instruction has been proposed in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms, there is insufficient evidence with Japanese EFL learners and little discussion on incorporating online resources into SRL strategy‐based writing instruction, despite the availability of various online platforms.ObjectivesThis study proposed an SRL strategy‐based instruction for technology‐assisted writing and explored its immediate and sustained impacts on Japanese tertiary EFL learners' writing performance, reported use of SRL strategies, self‐efficacy beliefs and perceived acceptance of technology.MethodsThe research design used was a pre‐experimental pre‐test, post‐test and delayed post‐test design with a quantitative approach using convenience sampling. Participants were 44 students enrolled in an academic writing course at a Japanese university. Over an 8‐week period, these students received SRL strategy‐based writing instruction supported by online writing resources. The research instruments included writing tests and questionnaires assessing SRL strategies, self‐efficacy and technology acceptance at the beginning of the intervention (Time 1), immediately after the intervention (Time 2) and 1 month after the intervention (Time 3). The data analysis techniques involved ANOVA, post‐hoc tests, and examination of the effect sizes.Results and ConclusionThe results showed statistically significant improvements in students' writing performance, SRL strategy use, self‐efficacy and technology acceptance from Time 1 to Time 2 and persistent impacts at Time 3, suggesting the intervention's potential to improve EFL writing. This study contributes to EFL writing pedagogy by exploring the immediate and sustained impacts of teaching SRL strategies in a technology‐enhanced writing environment.
Reactive oxygen species and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A as prognosis and theragnostic biomarker in acute myeloid leukaemia patients
Authors: Venton G. , Colle J. , Tichadou A. , Quessada J. , Baier C. , Labiad Y. , Perez M. , De Lassus L. , Loosveld M. , Arnoux I. , Abbou N. , Ceylan I. , Martin G. , Costello R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains a major unmet medical, despite recent progress in targeted molecular therapies. One aspect of leukaemic cell resistance to chemotherapy is the development of clones with increased capacity to respond to cellular stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thanks in particular to a high aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) 1A1/2 activity. At diagnosis, ROS level and ALDH1A1/2 activity in AML patients BM are correlated with the different ELN 2022 prognostic groups and overall survival (OS). A significant lower ALDH1A1/2 activity in BM was observed in the favourable ELN2022 subgroup compared to the intermediate and adverse group (p < 0.01). In the same way, the ROS levels were significantly lower in the favourable ELN 2022 subgroup compared to the intermediate group (p < 0.0001) and adverse group (p < 0.0002). ROShigh AML patients had a significantly lower median overall survival (OS) (8.2 months) than ROSlow patients (24.6 months) (p = 0.0368). After first‐line therapy, a significant increase of ROS level (p = 0.015) and ALDH1A1/2 activity (0 = 0.0273) in leukaemic blasts was observed, especially in the refractory ones. ABD‐3001, a competitive and irreversible inhibitor of ALDHs 1 and 3, can in vitro inhibit the proliferation of patient‐derived leukaemic cells in accordance with redox balance. In multivariate analysis, ROS level was the most significant (p < 0.05) and the strongest predictive factor for the sensitivity of cells to ABD‐3001. The safety profile of ABD‐3001 is currently being assessed through the first inhuman multicenter phase 1 clinical trial “ODYSSEY” (NCT05601726) for patients with relapsed AML.
Phenotypically plastic drug‐resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia cell line displays enhanced cellular dynamics in a zebrafish xenograft model
Authors: Baykal Seda , Yuce Zeynep , Ozhan Gunes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms by which cancer cells switch between different adaptive states and evade therapeutic interventions is essential for clinical management. In this study, the in vivo cellular dynamics of a new chronic myeloid leukaemia cell line displaying altered phenotype and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors were investigated in correlation with their parental cells for invasiveness/metastasis, angiogenic potential and population kinetics. We showed that the cells exhibiting drug resistance and plastic phenotype possess an increased capacity for invasion compared to their parental cells, that exposure to imatinib mesylate has the potential to enhance cellular motility and that in a leukaemic cell population, even a minority of plastic cells exhibit improved migratory ability. Furthermore, we show that these plastic cells have angiogenic and extravasation potential. The present study provides significant insights into the cellular dynamics displayed by a TKI‐resistant, phenotypically plastic CML cell line, using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) xenograft model.
Unveiling the therapeutic potential of miR‐146a: Targeting innate inflammation in atherosclerosis
Authors: Ardinal Azizah Puspitasari , Wiyono Alice Valeria , Estiko Reza Ishak 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAtherosclerosis is the foremost vascular disease, precipitating debilitating complications. Although therapeutic strategies have historically focused on reducing cholesterol deposition, recent insights emphasize the pivotal role of inflammation. Innate inflammation significantly contributes to plaque instability and rupture, underscoring the need for intervention across all disease stages. Numerous studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting innate immune pathways in atherosclerosis, revealing significant advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammatory processes within arterial lesions. Notably, research has demonstrated that the modulation of microRNA‐146a (miR‐146a) expression impacts innate inflammation, effectively halts atherosclerosis progression, and enhances plaque stability by targeting interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase (IRAK) and activating TNF receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6), a signalling pathway involving toll‐like receptors (TLRs). Understanding the intricate mechanisms involved is crucial. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the evidence and underlying mechanisms through which miR‐146a exerts its effects. Integrating these findings into clinical practice may herald a transformative era in managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Single‐cell sequencing analysis reveals the dynamic tumour ecosystems of primary and metastatic lymph nodes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Xu Dahua , Zhang Nihui , Shen Yutong , Zheng Dehua , Xu Zhizhou , Li Peihu , Cai Jiale , Tian Guanghui , Wei Qingchen , Wang Hong , Jiang Hongyan , Cao Meng , Wang Bo , Li Kongning 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLymph node metastasis contributed to the leading cause and treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The microenvironment and the cellular communications of lymph node metastasized tumours determine the tumour progression and therapeutic effect, but the ecosystems about the lymph node metastasis (LNM) for NPC patients remain poorly characterized. Here, we integrated the transcriptomes of 47,618 single cells from eight samples related to NPC LNM. The dynamic immune ecosystems and immunosuppressive microenvironment including T cells, myeloid cells and B cells were observed in the lymph node metastatic samples compared with primary tumours. Additionally, the heterogeneity of epithelial cells was also revealed, and several clusters with expression programs that were associated with the progression‐free survival of NPC patients were identified. Additionally, our data revealed the complex intercellular communications from primary to lymph node metastasis. The rewiring of CCL signalling which plays an important role in tumour metastasis was further identified. Altogether, we systematically characterized the ecosystem of NPC primary and lymph node metastasized tumours, which may shed light on the development of a therapeutic strategy to improve clinical outcomes of NPC patients with lymph node metastasis.
Defining and Operationalising Defiant Non‐Compliance in the EU: The Rule of Law Case
Authors: Closa Carlos , Hernández Gisela 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExisting literature often attributes non‐compliance to either a lack of resources or implementation costs. However, the rule of law crises in Hungary and Poland present a different picture: a deliberate strategy aimed at not complying with EU enforcement actions. This article differentiates this model from previous ones and terms it ‘defiant non‐compliance’, which is characterised by four types of domestic actions (ignoring the Commission's recommendations and warnings; not complying with Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) rulings; questioning the role of the CJEU as the sole final interpreter of EU law; and impeding national courts' right to raise preliminary questions). A defiant rhetoric questioning the authority and legitimacy of the enforcing authorities accompanies these actions. The article distils defiant non‐compliance by systematising empirical evidence on these governments' reactions to EU enforcement. This model of non‐compliance severely threatens the foundations of the EU, as it erodes the notion of a community of law‐abiding member states' governments.
Prediction of Rheological Properties of Flour From Physicochemical Properties Using Multiple Regression Techniques and Artificial Neuronal Networks
Authors: Cingöz Ali , Nacar Sinan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study has two main objectives: (i) to determine the physicochemical and rheological properties of different flours and (ii) to estimate the alveograph parameters obtained as a result of experimental studies. In this context, physicochemical (protein, ash, falling number, wet gluten, gluten index, Zeleny, and delayed sedimentation) and alveograph parameters (P, L, G, W, P/L, and IE) of 150 different bread and pastry flours were determined. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods were then used to predict alveograph results from this experimentally obtained data set. Root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), Nash‐Sutcliffe (NSEC), and relative error (RE) performance statistics were used to evaluate the CS prediction capabilities of the methods. It was found that the flours were in the range of 11.01%–13.82% protein, 325–403 s falling number, and 30–61 mL Zeleny and delayed sedimentation values. The ANN method showed better predictive performance than the regression‐based method. W was the best estimated parameter in the ANN model. This was followed by G, L, Ie, P/L, and P values. Considering the RMSE value of the W parameter, it was observed that the ANN method provided an improvement of 5.16, 1.76, and 2.15 times compared to the regression method for the training, validation, and test sets, respectively.
Patient‐reported disease burden in the Accelerate Clinical Trials in Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease Study
Authors: Rehbein T. , Purks J. , Dilek N. , Behrens‐Spraggins S. , Sowden J. E. , Eichinger K. J. ,   the ACT‐CMT Study Group, Burns J. , Pareyson D. , Scherer S. S. , Reilly M. M. , Shy M. E. , McDermott M. P. , Heatwole C. R. , Herrmann D. N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease Health Index (CMT‐HI) is a disease‐specific, patient‐reported disease burden measure. As part of an international clinical trial readiness study, individuals with CMT1A (ages 18–75 years) underwent clinical outcome assessments (COAs), including the CMT‐HI, to capture their longitudinal perspective on the disease burden.MethodsTwo hundred and fifteen participants underwent serial COAs including the CMT‐HI, CMT Functional Outcome Measure (CMT‐FOM), CMT Neuropathy Score (CMTNSv2R), and CMT Exam Score (CMTES/CMTES‐R). Correlations between the total and subscale scores for the CMT‐HI and other COAs were determined. Changes in the CMT‐HI scores over 12 months were assessed using paired t‐tests. The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for the CMT‐HI and its subscales were calculated by anchoring to a participant global impression of change scale.ResultsAt baseline, CMT1A participants were 44.5 ± 15 years old (range: 18–75) and 58% were women. The mean CMT‐HI was 25.7 ± 18.8 (range: 0–91.9; 100 reflecting maximal disease burden). The CMT‐HI correlated with the CMT‐FOM (r = .54, p < .0001), CMTNSv2R (r = .48, p < .0001), and CMTES/CMTES‐R (r = .52/r = .54, p < .0001). Disease burden was greater in women than in men (CMT‐HI 29.1 ± 19.1 vs. 21.2 ± 17.3, p = .001). Over 12 months, there was a nonsignificant mean increase in CMT‐HI of 0.40 ± 10.0 (n = 189, p = .89). The MCID for the CMT‐HI total score was 3.8 points (95% CI: 1.7–5.9).DiscussionPatient‐reported disease burden in CMT1A as measured by the CMT‐HI is associated with measures of neurologic impairment and physical functioning. Women reported a higher disease burden than men. These data will inform the design of clinical trials in CMT1A.
Quantification of porcine lower thoracic spinal cord morphology with intact dura mater using high‐resolution μCT
Authors: Chin Justin , Settell Megan L. , Brucker‐Hahn Meagan K. , Lust Daniel , Zhang Jichu , Upadhye Aniruddha R. , Knudsen Bruce , Deshmukh Ashlesha , Ludwig Kip A. , Lavrov Igor A. , Crofton Andrew R. , Lempka Scott F. , Zhang Mingming , Shoffstall Andrew J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treating chronic intractable pain in the back, trunk, or limbs through stimulation of the dorsal column. Numerous studies have used swine as an analog of the human spinal cord to better understand SCS and further improve its efficacy. We performed high‐resolution imaging of the porcine spinal cord with intact dura mater using micro‐computed tomography (μCT) to construct detailed 3‐dimensional (3D) visualizations of the spinal cord and characterize the morphology of the dorsal and ventral rootlets.MethodsWe obtained spinal cords from Yorkshire/Landrace crossbred swine (N = 7), stained samples with osmium tetroxide, and performed μCT imaging of the T12‐T15 levels at isotropic voxel resolutions ranging from 3.3 to 50 μm. We measured the anatomical morphology using the 3D volumes and compared our results to measurements previously collected from swine and human spinal cords via microdissection techniques in prior literature.ResultsWhile the porcine thoracic‐lumbar spinal cord is a popular model for SCS, we highlight multiple notable differences compared to previously published T8‐T12 human measurements including rootlet counts (porcine dorsal/ventral: 12.2 ± 2.6, 26.6 ± 3.4; human dorsal/ventral: 5.3 ± 1.3, 4.4 ± 2.4), rootlet angles (porcine ventral‐rostral: 161 ± 1°, ventral‐caudal: 155 ± 6°, dorsal‐rostral: 148 ± 9°, dorsal‐caudal: 142 ± 6°; human ventral‐rostral: 170 ± 3°, ventral‐caudal: 22 ± 10°, dorsal‐rostral: 171 ± 3°, dorsal‐caudal: 15 ± 7°), and the presence and count of dorsal rootlet bundles.ConclusionsDetailed measurements and highlighted differences between human and porcine spinal cords can inform variations in modeling and electrophysiological experiments between the two species. In contrast to other approaches for measuring the spinal cord and rootlet morphology, our method keeps the dura intact, reducing potential artifacts from dissection.
Mobile applications for promoting and supporting breastfeeding: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ziebart Monika , Kammermeier Michael , Koletzko Berthold , Patro‐Golab Bernadeta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBreastfeeding practices require improvement. We performed a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and analytic observational studies to assess effects of mobile applications (apps) aiming to support and promote breastfeeding targeting pregnant women, mothers of infants or their partners, on breastfeeding outcomes. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL and Association of Computing Machinery Digital Library from 1 July 2008 to 29 November 2022, with lack of coverage of the most recent period before publication date being a limitation of this review. We performed meta‐analyses of findings from RCTs on primary outcomes, namely early breastfeeding initiation, exclusive and any breastfeeding rates. Joanna Briggs Institute tools were used for risk of bias assessment. Six RCTs, one quasi‐experimental and two cohort studies, mainly from high‐income countries, were included. Most studies focused on maternal app usage starting from pregnancy. One study targeted fathers as app‐users. Population characteristics, such as parity or delivery mode, apps scope of content and applied active components varied between studies. Main methodological limitations of studies were baseline differences between groups and lack of blinding. Compared to controls, app usage tended to increase the odds of exclusive breastfeeding. This nonsignificant effect was most pronounced at 1–1.5 months (n = 1294, odds ratio 1.45 (95% Confidence Interval, CI 0.83, 2.54), with considerable heterogeneity between studies [I2 77%]), but less so at 3 and 6 months post‐partum. The odds of early breastfeeding initiation, any breastfeeding at all time points were similar among groups. However, two cohort studies reported increased odds of exclusive and/or any breastfeeding at different time points. In conclusion, evidence is insufficient to show sustained beneficial effects of breastfeeding promotion and support through mobile apps on breastfeeding rates.
Microbes as medicine
Authors: Daisley Brendan A. , Allen‐Vercoe Emma 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOver the last two decades, advancements in sequencing technologies have significantly deepened our understanding of the human microbiome's complexity, leading to increased concerns about the detrimental effects of antibiotics on these intricate microbial ecosystems. Concurrently, the rise in antimicrobial resistance has intensified the focus on how beneficial microbes can be harnessed to treat diseases and improve health and offer potentially promising alternatives to traditional antibiotic treatments. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of both established and emerging microbe‐centric therapies, from probiotics to advanced microbial ecosystem therapeutics, examine the sophisticated ways in which microbes are used medicinally, and consider their impacts on microbiome homeostasis and health outcomes through a microbial ecology lens. In addition, we explore the concept of rewilding the human microbiome by reintroducing “missing microbes” from nonindustrialized societies and personalizing microbiome modulation to fit individual microbial profiles—highlighting several promising directions for future research. Ultimately, the advancements in sequencing technologies combined with innovative microbial therapies and personalized approaches herald a new era in medicine poised to address antibiotic resistance and improve health outcomes through targeted microbiome management.
Weight/height2: Mathematical overview of the world's most widely used adiposity index
Authors: Heymsfield Steven B. , Sorkin John D. , Thomas Diana M. , Yang Shengping , Heo Moonseong , McCarthy Cassidy , Brown Jasmine , Pietrobelli Angelo 
Published: October 2024

SummaryA footnote in Adolphe Quetelet's classic 1835 Treatise on Man described his algebraic analysis of how body weight (
) varies with height (
) in adult males and females. Using data on 12 short and 12 tall subjects of each sex, Quetelet established the rule that
is approximately proportional (
) to H2 in adults; that is,
when
for some constant
. Quetelet's Rule (
), transformed and renamed in the twentieth century to body mass index (
), is now a globally applied phenotypic descriptor of adiposity at the individual and population level. The journey from footnote to ubiquitous adiposity measure traveled through hundreds of scientific reports and many more lay publications. The recent introduction of highly effective pharmacologic weight loss treatments has heightened scrutiny of BMI's origins and appropriateness as a gateway marker for diagnosing and monitoring people with obesity. This contemporary context prompted the current report that delves into the biological and mathematical paradigms that underlie the simple index
. Students and practitioners can improve or gain new insights into their understanding of BMI's historical origins and quantitative underpinning from the provided overview, facilitating informed use of BMI and related indices in research and clinical settings.