bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) ‐ enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) network regulates lipid metabolism and DNA damage responses in glioblastoma
Authors: Ahmad Fahim , Patrick Shruti , Sheikh Touseef , Sharma Vikas , Pathak Pankaj , Malgulwar Prit Benny , Kumar Anupam , Joshi Shanker Datt , Sarkar Chitra , Sen Ellora 
Published: August 2017

AbstractElevated expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone H3K27 methyltransferase, was observed in gliomas harboring telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations. Given the known involvement of TERT and EZH2 in glioma progression, the correlation between the two and subsequently its involvement in metabolic programming was investigated. Inhibition of human telomerase reverse transcriptase either pharmacologically or through genetic manipulation not only decreased EZH2 expression, but also (i) abrogated FASN levels, (ii) decreased de novo fatty acid accumulation, and (iii) increased ataxia‐telangiectasia‐mutated (ATM) phosphorylation levels. Conversely, diminished TERT and FASN levels upon siRNA‐mediated EZH2 knockdown indicated a positive correlation between TERT and EZH2. Interestingly, ATM kinase inhibitor rescued TERT inhibition‐mediated decrease in FASN and EZH2 levels. Importantly, TERT promoter mutant tumors exhibited greater microsatellite instability, heightened FASN levels and lipid accumulation. Coherent with in vitro findings, pharmacological inhibition of TERT by costunolide decreased lipid accumulation and elevated ATM expression in heterotypic xenograft glioma mouse model. By bringing TERT‐EZH2 network at the forefront as driver of dysregulated metabolism, our findings highlight the non‐canonical but distinct role of TERT in metabolic reprogramming and DNA damage responses in glioblastoma.
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The role of exercise in mitigating subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Dao Elizabeth , Hsiung Ging‐Yuek Robin , Liu‐Ambrose Teresa 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSubcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment (SIVCI) is the most preventable form of cognitive dysfunction. There is converging evidence from animal and human studies that indicate vascular injury as the primary cause of SIVCI. Currently, there are no curative pharmaceutical treatments for vascular dementia; however, exercise may be a promising strategy to combat SIVCI. This review will focus on the role of exercise as a strategy to prevent or slow the progression of SIVCI, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms by which exercise may improve cerebrovascular function. We propose that exercise may be an effective strategy to combat SIVCI by improving cognitive function, increasing the bioavailability of neurotrophins, stimulating endothelial function, and controlling vascular risk factors.
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This article is part of the Special Issue “Vascular Dementia”.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy as a cause of neurodegeneration
Authors: Smith Eric E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSporadic, age‐related cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is most commonly recognized clinically as a cause of hemorrhagic stroke and transient focal neurological episodes in older persons. But a growing body of research in the last 5 years shows that the pathophysiology of CAA is much more complex than previously believed, leading to many different types of brain injury. CAA has now been linked with brain atrophy in regions remote from those directly affected by intracerebral hematomas, and with risk for progressive cognitive decline in the absence of new hemorrhagic strokes. Therefore, CAA is associated with features – brain atrophy and progressive cognitive decline – that are typically considered hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease. Although CAA is usually accompanied by some degree of Alzheimer's disease pathology, the profiles of cortical thinning and cognitive impairment do not fully overlap with those seen in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that there are CAA‐specific pathways of neurodegeneration. CAA‐related brain ischemia may be an important mechanism that leads to brain injury, cortical disconnection, and cognitive impairment.
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This article is part of the Special Issue “Vascular Dementia”.
Combined treatment with fractional carbon dioxide laser, autologous platelet‐rich plasma, and narrow band ultraviolet B for vitiligo in different body sites: A prospective, randomized comparative trial
Authors: Abdelghani Rania , Ahmed Naglaa A , Darwish Hanan M 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundMultiple treatment options are introduced in treatment of vitiligo but the response is unsatisfactory.ObjectiveIn this prospective, randomized, comparative trial, we studied the effect of combined treatment with fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injection, and narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) for stable nonsegmental vitiligo regarding repigmentation grade, patient's satisfaction, and side effects.MethodsEighty adult patients with localized nonsegmental vitiligo were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly categorized to receive 4 lines of treatment; fractional CO2 laser, PRP, combined fractional CO2 laser and PRP, and combined fractional CO2 laser and NB‐UVB. The treatment period was 2 months. Patients were clinically evaluated 3 months after the last treatment. Outcome was evaluated by 5‐point scale for repigmentation, 10‐point visual analog scale for patient's satisfaction, and side effects.ResultsLaser and PRP group achieved the best results regarding repigmentation and patient's satisfaction. Sixty percent of the patients developed repigmentation >50% and 40% of patients developed repigmentation >75%. In laser and NB‐UVB group, 5% developed repigmentation >75% and 25% developed repigmentation >50%. Only 10% of patients developed repigmentation >75% in laser group and only 20% of patients developed repigmentation >75% in PRP group.ConclusionsCombination of fractional CO2 laser with PRP injection is a promising treatment for vitiligo, followed by combination of fractional CO2 laser with NB‐UVB phototherapy. Both fractional CO2 laser and PRP injection gave poor results if they received alone.
Commodity Trade and the Carry Trade: A Tale of Two Countries
Authors: READY ROBERT , ROUSSANOV NIKOLAI , WARD COLIN 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTPersistent interest rate differentials account for much of the currency carry trade profitability. “Commodity currencies” offer high interest rates on average, while countries that export finished goods tend to have low interest rates. We develop a general equilibrium model of international trade and currency pricing where countries have an advantage in producing either basic inputs or final goods. In the model, domestic production insulates commodity‐producing countries from global productivity shocks, forcing final‐good producers to absorb them. Commodity‐currency exchange rates and risk premia increase with productivity differentials and trade frictions. These predictions are strongly supported in the data.
The Use of Visual Rating Scales to Quantify Brain MRI Lesions in Patients with HIV Infection
Authors: Robinson‐Papp Jessica , Navis Allison , Dhamoon Mandip S. , Clark Uraina S. , Gutierrez‐Contreras Jose , Morgello Susan 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients commonly have abnormalities in cerebral white matter that are visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as hyperintensities (WMHs). Visual rating scales (VRSs) have been used to quantify WMH in other diseases such as cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), but not in HIV. Such scales are advantageous because they are applicable to routinely acquired MRIs and so are suitable for large‐scale studies and clinical care. We sought to establish the utility of three VRSs (the Fazekas, Scheltens, and van Sweiten scales) in HIV.METHODSThe Manhattan HIV Brain Bank (MHBB) is a longitudinal cohort study that performs serial neurologic examinations and neuropsychological testing. All brain MRIs (n = 73) performed for clinical purposes on MHBB participants were scored using the three VRSs. We assessed reliability, validity, and correlation of the VRS with clinical factors relevant to HIV and CSVD.RESULTSThe VRSs all showed acceptable internal consistency and interrater reliability and were highly correlated with one another (r = 0.836‐0.916, P < .001). The Fazekas and Scheltens scales demonstrated more WMH in periventricular regions, and the Scheltens scale also suggested a frontal to occipital gradient, with greater WMH frontally. All three VRSs correlated significantly with cognitive impairment (global T score). Age and hepatitis C virus antibody serostatus were the strongest clinical/demographic correlates of WMH, followed by African‐American race.CONCLUSIONSVRSs reliably quantify WMH in HIV‐infected individuals and correlate with cognitive impairment. Future studies may find routinely acquired brain MRI quantified by VRS to be an accessible and meaningful neurologic outcome measure in HIV.
Precise Reproduction of Soft Tissue Structure around the Pontic Area Using Computer‐Aided Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Lee Hyeonjong , Paek Janghyun , Noh Kwantae , Kwon Kung‐Rock 
Published: August 2017

AbstractReproducing soft tissue contours around a pontic area is important for the fabrication of an esthetic prosthesis, especially in the anterior area. A gingival model that precisely replicates the soft tissue structure around the pontic area can be easily obtained by taking a pick‐up impression of an interim fixed dental prosthesis. After a working cast is fabricated using the customary technique, the pick‐up model is superimposed onto the working model for the pontic area using computer‐aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). A definitive restoration using this technique would be well adapted to the pontic base, which is formed by the interim prosthesis.
Lifestyle and Occupational Stress: A Potential Risk Factor for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Nonobese Male Subjects
Authors: Tripathi Arvind , Bagchi Soumyojeet , Singh Juhi , Pandey Paritosh , Tripathi Suryakant , Gupta Narendra Kumar 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeTo record the incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in nonobese male subjects and investigate the coexistence of lifestyle stress, sleep deprivation, and upper airway inflammation.Materials and Methods552 patients were assessed during a survey of banks, government and corporate offices, recruitment agencies, and schools between January 2012 and January 2016. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria designed for this study, the number of patients tapered down to 120 patients who underwent diagnostic tests, viz. polysomnography, chemiluminiscence immunoassay, nephelometry, and upper airway endoscopy. This revealed the presence of OSA coexistent with elevated serum cortisol, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and upper airway inflammation.ResultsPolysomnography showed that 57 of 120 patients suffered from OSA. Objective evaluation of these patients exposed an undercurrent of lifestyle stress in 39 patients. CRP and serum cortisol were found to be significantly high (1.60 ± 0.52 and 7.20 ± 0.76 μg/dL, respectively) in 30 patients. Endoscopy revealed 18 patients with moderate, 7 with severe, and 5 with no upper airway inflammation.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrated that OSA was found to be prevalent in the cohort of nonobese male patients studied. Coexistence of lifestyle stress, sleep deprivation, and upper airway inflammation was revealed.
Gastric dilation‐volvulus in dogs attending UK emergency‐care veterinary practices: prevalence, risk factors and survival
Authors: O'Neill D. G. , Case J. , Boag A. K. , Church D. B. , McGreevy P. D. , Thomson P. C. , Brodbelt D. C. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo report prevalence, risk factors and clinical outcomes for presumptive gastric dilation‐volvulus diagnosed among an emergency‐care population of UK dogs.MethodsThe study used a cross‐sectional design using emergency‐care veterinary clinical records from the VetCompass Programme spanning September 1, 2012 to February 28, 2014 and risk factor analysis using multivariable logistic regression modelling.ResultsThe study population comprised 77,088 dogs attending 50 Vets Now clinics. Overall, 492 dogs had presumptive gastric dilation‐volvulus diagnoses, giving a prevalence of 0·64% (95% Confidence interval: 0·58 to 0·70%). Compared with cross‐bred dogs, breeds with the highest odds ratios for the diagnosis of presumptive gastric dilation‐volvulus were the great Dane (odds ratio: 114·3, 95% Confidence interval 55·1 to 237·1, P<0·001), akita (odds ratio: 84·4, 95% Confidence interval 33·6 to 211·9, P<0·001) and dogue de Bordeaux (odds ratio: 82·9, 95% Confidence interval 39·0 to 176·3, P<0·001). Odds increased as dogs aged up to 12 years and neutered male dogs had 1·3 (95% Confidence interval 1·0 to 1·8, P=0·041) times the odds compared with entire females. Of the cases that were presented alive, 49·7% survived to discharge overall, but 79·3% of surgical cases survived to discharge.Clinical SignificanceApproximately 80% of surgically managed cases survived to discharge. Certain large breeds were highly predisposed.
Urban environment: a risk factor for canine immune‐mediated disease?
Authors: Jeffery U. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate whether dogs living in urban areas are more likely to develop immune‐mediated disease than those in rural areas.Materials and MethodsA case–control study comparing the prevalence of urban home location between dogs with immune‐mediated disease and matched controls. Dogs diagnosed with immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia, immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia, immune‐mediated polyarthritis or meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin were identified by case record searches. Breed‐matched dogs presenting to the same hospital during the same year as cases were randomly selected as controls. Home locations were classified as rural or urban using the population density of the relevant census tract and conditional logistic regression was used to examine association between home location and immune‐mediated disease.ResultsIn the 137 cases and 137 breed‐matched controls, the odds ratio for any immune‐mediated disease for dogs living in urban (versus rural) areas was 0·94 (95% confidence interval 0·58 to 1·55, P=0·80). Odds ratios for development of immune‐mediated haematological diseases, immune‐mediated polyarthritis or meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin were also not significantly different from the null value. Multivariable analysis including age, gender and season of presentation did not suggest confounding of effect of home location by these additional variables.Clinical SignificanceThis study does not support an association between urban environment and immune‐mediated disease in dogs.
Widespread gene flow between oceans in a pelagic seabird species complex
Authors: Booth Jones Katherine A. , Nicoll Malcolm A. C. , Raisin Claire , Dawson Deborah A. , Hipperson Helen , Horsburgh Gavin J. , Groombridge Jim J. , Ismar Stefanie M. H. , Sweet Paul , Jones Carl G. , Tatayah Vikash , Ruhomaun Kevin , Norris Ken 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGlobal‐scale gene flow is an important concern in conservation biology as it has the potential to either increase or decrease genetic diversity in species and populations. Although many studies focus on the gene flow between different populations of a single species, the potential for gene flow and introgression between species is understudied, particularly in seabirds. The only well‐studied example of a mixed‐species, hybridizing population of petrels exists on Round Island, in the Indian Ocean. Previous research assumed that Round Island represents a point of secondary contact between Atlantic (Pterodroma arminjoniana) and Pacific species (Pterodroma neglecta and Pterodroma heraldica). This study uses microsatellite genotyping and tracking data to address the possibility of between‐species hybridization occurring outside the Indian Ocean. Dispersal and gene flow spanning three oceans were demonstrated between the species in this complex. Analysis of migration rates estimated using bayesass revealed unidirectional movement of petrels from the Atlantic and Pacific into the Indian Ocean. Conversely, structure analysis revealed gene flow between species of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, with potential three‐way hybrids occurring outside the Indian Ocean. Additionally, geolocation tracking of Round Island petrels revealed two individuals travelling to the Atlantic and Pacific. These results suggest that interspecific hybrids in Pterodroma petrels are more common than was previously assumed. This study is the first of its kind to investigate gene flow between populations of closely related Procellariiform species on a global scale, demonstrating the need for consideration of widespread migration and hybridization in the conservation of threatened seabirds.
Transcriptomic profiling of adaptive responses to ocean acidification
Authors: Goncalves Priscila , Jones David B. , Thompson Emma L. , Parker Laura M. , Ross Pauline M. , Raftos David A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSome populations of marine organisms appear to have inherent tolerance or the capacity for acclimation to stressful environmental conditions, including those associated with climate change. Sydney rock oysters from the B2 breeding line exhibit resilience to ocean acidification (OA) at the physiological level. To understand the molecular basis of this physiological resilience, we analysed the gill transcriptome of B2 oysters that had been exposed to near‐future projected ocean pH over two consecutive generations. Our results suggest that the distinctive performance of B2 oysters in the face of OA is mediated by the selective expression of genes involved in multiple cellular processes. Subsequent high‐throughput qPCR revealed that some of these transcriptional changes are exclusive to B2 oysters and so may be associated with their resilience to OA. The intracellular processes mediated by the differentially abundant genes primarily involve control of the cell cycle and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. These changes may enable B2 oysters to prevent apoptosis resulting from oxidative damage or to alleviate the effects of apoptosis through regulation of the cell cycle. Comparative analysis of the OA conditioning effects across sequential generations supported the contention that B2 and wild‐type oysters have different trajectories of changing gene expression and responding to OA. Our findings reveal the broad set of molecular processes underlying transgenerational conditioning and potential resilience to OA in a marine calcifier. Identifying the mechanisms of stress resilience can uncover the intracellular basis for these organisms to survive and thrive in a rapidly changing ocean.
Improved estimates of digestion correction factors and passage rates for harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) prey in the northeast Atlantic
Authors: Wilson Lindsay J. , Grellier Kate , Hammond Philip S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDiet composition in pinnipeds is widely estimated using hard prey remains recovered from feces. To estimate the size and number of prey represented in fecal samples accurately, digestion correction factors (DCFs) must be applied to measurements and counts of fish otoliths and cephalopod beaks. In this study, 101 whole prey feeding trials were conducted with six harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and 18 prey species. We derived species‐ and grade‐specific estimates of digestion coefficients (DCs) and species‐specific recovery rates (RRs) to account for partial and complete digestion, respectively. Greater than 98% of otoliths were passed within three days of consumption. RRs were smallest for Atlantic salmon smolts (RR = 0.306, SE = 0.031) and increasingly larger for sandeels (RR = 0.494, SE = 0.017), flatfish (RR = 0.789, SE = 0.033), and large gadoids (RR = 0.944, SE = 0.034). Species‐specific otolith width DCs were smallest for Trisopterus species (DC = 1.14, SE = 0.015) and increasingly larger for flatfish (DC = 1.27, SE = 0.045), large gadoids (DC = 1.32, SE = 0.067) and sandeels (DC = 1.57, SE = 0.035). RRs were similar to those from gray seals (Halichoerus grypus), but harbor seal species‐ and grade‐specific DCs were generally smaller. Differences in partial and complete digestion rates among prey species and between seal species highlight the importance of applying DCFs when reconstructing diet.
(Post‐)Tonal Key Relationships in Scriabin's Late Music
Authors: YUNEK JEFFREY SCOTT 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTOne of the leading theories of Scriabin's late music is that his collections are chords that are related through invariant transposition. Whereas this theory is effective in relating symmetrical collections such as the octatonic, it cannot relate asymmetrical collections such as Scriabin's mystic chord. In order to overcome this issue, I explore Scriabin's own understanding of his harmonic language and interpret it through his personal statements, philosophical beliefs and theoretical training. I reveal that Scriabin thought of his collections not as chords, but as closely related keys (tonalnosti). Although close key relationships are tonal in nature, this relationship can be transferred to post‐tonal music when defined as a maximally invariant transposition. Accordingly, this operation accounts for transpositional relationships between symmetrical and asymmetrical collections in Scriabin's late music, suggesting that his late harmonic language equates to a rapid succession of closely related keys. This theory is applied to excerpts spanning the late period, from Op. 58 to Op. 74, with extended applications to Op. 63 No. 2 and Op. 73 No. 2.
Identification of stable fly attractant compounds in vinasse, a byproduct of sugarcane–ethanol distillation
Authors: JELVEZ SERRA N. S. , GOULART H. F. , TRIANA M. F. , DOS SANTOS TAVARES S. , ALMEIDA C. I. M. , DA COSTA J. G. , SANTANA A. E. G. , ZHU J. J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), is a worldwide pest of livestock. Recent outbreaks of stable flies in sugarcane fields in Brazil have become a serious problem for livestock producers. Larvae and pupae found inside sugarcane stems after harvesting may indicate that stable flies use these stems as potential oviposition or larval development sites. Field observations suggest that outbreaks of stable flies are associated with the vinasse and filter cake derived from biomass distillation in sugarcane ethanol production that are used as fertilizers in sugarcane fields. Adult stable flies are attracted to vinasse, which appears to present an ideal larval development site. The primary goal of the present study is to demonstrate the role of vinasse in influencing the sensory physiological and behavioural responses of stable flies, and to identify its associated volatile attractant compounds. Both laboratory and field studies showed that vinasse is extremely attractive to adult stable flies. Chemical analyses of volatiles collected revealed a wide range of carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols and aldehydes as potential attractant compounds. These newly identified attractants could be used to develop a tool for the attractant‐baited mass trapping of stable flies in order to reduce infestations.