bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HLA-B*14:02-Restricted Env-Specific CD8+T-Cell Activity Has Highly Potent Antiviral Efficacy Associated with Immune Control of HIV Infection
Authors: Leitman Ellen M. , Willberg Christian B. , Tsai Ming-Han , Chen Huabiao , Buus Søren , Chen Fabian , Riddell Lynn , Haas David , Fellay Jacques , Goedert James J. , Piechocka-Trocha Alicja , Walker Bruce D. , Martin Jeffrey , Deeks Steven , Wolinsky Steven M. , Martinson Jeremy , Martin Maureen , Qi Ying , Sáez-Cirión Asier , Yang Otto O. , Matthews Philippa C. , Carrington Mary , Goulder Philip J. R. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTImmune control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection is typically associated with effective Gag-specific CD8+T-cell responses. We here focus on HLA-B*14, which protects against HIV disease progression, but the immunodominant HLA-B*14-restricted anti-HIV response is Env specific (ERYLKDQQL, HLA-B*14-EL9). A subdominant HLA-B*14-restricted response targets Gag (DRYFKTLRA, HLA-B*14-DA9). Using HLA-B*14/peptide-saporin-conjugated tetramers, we show that HLA-B*14-EL9 is substantially more potent at inhibiting viral replication than HLA-B*14-DA9. HLA-B*14-EL9 also has significantly higher functional avidity (P< 0.0001) and drives stronger selection pressure on the virus than HLA-B*14-DA9. However, these differences were HLA-B*14 subtype specific, applying only to HLA-B*14:02 and not to HLA-B*14:01. Furthermore, the HLA-B*14-associated protection against HIV disease progression is significantly greater for HLA-B*14:02 than for HLA-B*14:01, consistent with the superior antiviral efficacy of the HLA-B*14-EL9 response. Thus, although Gag-specific CD8+T-cell responses may usually have greater anti-HIV efficacy, factors independent of protein specificity, including functional avidity of individual responses, are also critically important to immune control of HIV.IMPORTANCEIn HIV infection, although cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play a potentially critical role in eradication of viral reservoirs, the features that constitute an effective response remain poorly defined. We focus on HLA-B*14, unique among HLAs associated with control of HIV in that the dominant CTL response is Env specific, not Gag specific. We demonstrate that Env-specific HLA-B*14-restricted activity is substantially more efficacious than the subdominant HLA-B*14-restricted Gag response. Env immunodominance over Gag and strong Env-mediated selection pressure on HIV are observed only in subjects expressing HLA-B*14:02, and not HLA-B*14:01. This reflects the increased functional avidity of the Env response over Gag, substantially more marked for HLA-B*14:02. Finally, we show that HLA-B*14:02 is significantly more strongly associated with viremic control than HLA-B*14:01. These findings indicate that, although Gag-specific CTL may usually have greater anti-HIV efficacy than Env responses, factors independent of protein specificity, including functional avidity, may carry greater weight in mediating effective control of HIV.
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy as an effective approach to massive bilateral pheochromocytomas
Authors: Martins Diana , Rodrigues Dírcea , Melo Miguel , Carrilho Francisco 
Published: September 2017

Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine-secreting neoplasms, arising from adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. In type 2 multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN2) syndrome, pheochromocytomas are usually benign but with predisposition to be bilateral (50%–80% of cases).The authors present the case of a young patient diagnosed with uncommonly large bilateral cystic pheochromocytomas and simultaneous detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Molecular testing confirmed germlineRETcodon C634 mutation, consistent with MEN2A syndrome. The patient underwent bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy plus total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection without associated complications. The histopathological study of the surgical specimens revealed bilateral benign pheochromocytomas (Ki67 of 2%) and a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid T1bN0M0; R0, respectively. One year after surgery, the patient was considered free of disease.This case demonstrates that bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy can be a safe and feasible approach for phechromocytomas in MEN2 syndrome, even in lesions with large diameter. However, due to elevated possibility of recurrence, patients should maintain lifelong follow-up.
Transfer Learning for Cross-Project Change-Proneness Prediction in Object-Oriented Software Systems
Authors: Kumar Lov , Behera Ranjan Kumar , Rath Santanu , Sureka Ashish 
Published: September 2017

Change-prone classes or modules are defined as regions of the source code which are more likely to change as a result of a software development of maintenance activity. Automatic identification of change-prone classes are useful for the software development team as they can focus their testing efforts on areas within the source code which are more likely to change. Several machine learning techniques have been proposed for predicting change-prone classes based on the application of source code metrics as indicators. However, most of the work has focused on within-project training and model building. There are several real word scenario in which sufficient training dataset is not available for model building such as in the case of a new project. Cross-project prediction is an approach which consists of training a model from dataset belonging to one project and testing it on dataset belonging to a different project. Cross-project change-proneness prediction is relatively unexplored.
We propose a machine learning based approach for cross-project change-proneness prediction. We conduct experiments on 10 open-source Eclipse plug-ins and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. We frame several research questions comparing the performance of within project and cross project prediction and also propose a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based approach for identifying the best set of source code metrics. We conclude that for within project experimental setting, Random Forest (RF) technique results in the best precision. In case of cross-project change-proneness prediction, our analysis reveals that the NDTF ensemble method performs higher than other individual classifiers (such as decision tree and logistic regression) and ensemble methods in the experimental dataset. We conduct a comparison of within-project, cross-project without GA and cross-project with GA and our analysis reveals that cross-project with GA performs best followed by within-project and then cross-project without GA.
Entrainment versus Dilution in Tropical Deep Convection
Authors: Hannah Walter M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe distinction between entrainment and dilution is investigated with cloud-resolving simulations of deep convection in a tropical environment. A method for estimating the rate of dilution by entrainment and detrainment is presented and calculated for a series of bubble simulations with a range of initial radii. Entrainment generally corresponds to dilution of convection, but the two quantities are not well correlated. Core dilution by entrainment is significantly reduced by the presence of a shell of moist air around the core. Dilution by entrainment also increases with increasing updraft velocity but only for sufficiently strong updrafts. Entrainment contributes significantly to the total net dilution, but detrainment and the various source/sink terms play large roles depending on the variable in question. Detrainment has a concentrating effect on average that balances out the dilution by entrainment. The experiments are also used to examine whether entrainment or dilution scale with cloud radius. The results support a weak negative relationship for dilution but not for entrainment. The sensitivity to resolution is briefly discussed. A toy Lagrangian thermal model is used to demonstrate the importance of the cloud shell as a thermodynamic buffer to reduce the dilution of the core by entrainment. The results suggest that explicit cloud heterogeneity may be a useful consideration for future convective parameterization development.
To Assess the Success of Computerized Order Sets and Pharmacy Education Modules in Improving Antiretroviral Prescribing
Authors: Mehta Dhara , Kohn Bella , Blumenfeld Michael , Horowitz Harold W. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose: To assess the success of order set and pharmacist training improvement (OSPTI) in improving prescription of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a tertiary care, public, teaching hospital. Methods: In this pre-OSPTI (January 2012 through June 2013) and post-OSPTI study (July 2013 through September 2014), an infectious disease pharmacist reviewed all patients on ART. A review of intervention data in July 2013 led to order-set changes in the hospital’s computerized order entry system for frequently intervened on antiretrovirals: ritonavir, tenofovir, emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF), and lamivudine. Concurrently, case-based education modules were conducted to help pharmacists identify ART errors. The number of patients on ART, number of interventions, and types of ritonavir interventions were compared between pre- and post-OSPTI periods. Results: In the pre-OSPTI period, an average of 239 patients were reviewed per quarter compared to an average of 216 per quarter in the post-OSPTI period. After implementing enhanced order sets, the number of interventions decreased by approximately 34% ( P < .0001). The number of ritonavir interventions decreased on average by 45% ( P < .0001), although the types of ritonavir interventions were similar. Conclusion: Enhanced antiretroviral order sets and pharmacy education modules improved ART prescription by reducing the overall number of antiretroviral interventions required per quarter. This modality was effective in improving prescribing of ART and reducing the need for pharmacist interventions.
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Esophageal Cancer: Review of the Literature and Institutional Experience
Authors: Yamamoto Maki , Weber Jill M. , Karl Richard C. , Meredith Kenneth L. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundEsophageal cancer represents a major public health problem in the world. Several minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) techniques have been described and represent a safe alternative for the surgical management of esophageal cancer in selected centers with high volume and surgeons experienced in minimally invasive procedures.MethodsThe authors reviewed the most recent and largest studies published in the medical literature that reported the outcomes for MIE techniques.ResultsIn larger series, MIE has proven to be equivalent in postoperative morbidity and mortality to the open esophagectomy. However, MIE has been associated with less blood loss, reduced postoperative pain, decreased time in the intensive care unit, and shortened length of hospital stay compared with the conventional open approaches. Despite limited data, no significant difference in survival stage for stage has been observed between open esophagectomy and MIE.ConclusionsThe myriad of MIE techniques complicates the debate for defining the optimal surgical approach for the treatment of esophageal cancer. Randomized controlled trials comparing MIE with conventional open esophagectomy are needed to clarify the ideal procedure with the lowest postoperative morbidity, best quality of life after surgery, and long-term survival.
Diabetes and pressure ulcer risk in hip fracture patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wei R. , Chen H-L. , Zha M-Li. , Zhou Z-Y. 
Published: September 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between diabetes and pressure ulcer (PU) risk in patients with hip fractures. Method: Searches of MEDLINE (1966-), ISI Databases (1965-) and Scopus (1996-) were performed for English language studies. The search data was 29 July 2016. Odds ratio (OR) for PUs were calculated for hip fracture patients with or without diabetes and a meta-analysis was carried out following meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Results: A total of 8 studies with 22,180 patients were included in this study. The mean PU incidence was 15.1% in group with diabetes compared with 7.5% in the group without diabetes. When comparing with and without diabetes meta-analysis showed the summary OR was 1.825 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.373–2.425; z=4.15, p<0.00001]. No significant publication bias was found. Sensitivity analysis included prospective studies [OR: 1.383, 95%CI: 1.035–1.847] and pooled the adjusted OR [OR: 1.282, 95%CI: 1.054–1.560] showed the result was robust. Subgroup analysis by PU stage showed the summary OR was 1.474 [95% CI 0.984–2.207] for ≥ category II PU, and 2.814 [95%CI: 2.115–3.742] for ≥category I PU. The meta-regression showed PU incidence explained 27.77% proportion of between-study variance, but statistical test showed no significance (t=–1.96, p=0.097). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis indicates that diabetes increases the PU risk in hip fracture patients. Therefore, specific recommendations should apply for the management of diabetic patients with hip fractures at risk of PU.
Prospective observational study of single- or multi-compartment pressure ulcer prevention cushions: PRESCAROH project
Authors: Meaume S. , Marty M. , Colin D. 
Published: September 2017

Objective: In patients with reduced mobility, specialised pressure-relieving supports (mattresses, beds and cushions) are widely used to reduce or relieve the interface pressure between the skin and support surfaces to prevent incidence of pressure ulcers (PUs). The primary objective of these two observational studies was to assess the incidence of PUs in patients at high risk of PUs, seated in a wheelchair using a single- or multi-compartment air cushion. The level of patient satisfaction with the comfort and the views of the care team that used the air cushions were considered as secondary objectives. Method: The PRESCAROH project was two prospective observational studies conducted in patients free of PUs at baseline and at high risk of PUs (Braden score ≤13 or ≤16 for people with spinal cord injury). Patients had to spend more than eight hours a day in a wheelchair and use either a single-compartment air cushion (patient without asymmetry of support) for the first study or a multi-compartment air cushion (patient with asymmetry of support) for the second study. The primary end point was the percentage of patients in whom a PU (sacrum and/or ischium) developed over a 35-day period. The analysis was performed on the full-analysis set (FAS) of patients included with at least a second assessment. Results: We recruited 152 patients, 78 seated on a single-compartment air cushion (SiCAC group) and 74 on a multi-compartment air cushion (MuCAC group), in the two independent studies. All patients were included in the FAS (n=152). Most patients had spinal cord injuries. The average time spent sitting was 10.2 (standard deviation (SD): 2.3) hours a day in the SiCAC group and 9.1 (SD: 1.9) hours a day in the MuCAC group. In the SiCAC group, 6.4% (5/78) of patients dropped out of the study (one patient because of pulmonary infection and four patients for cushion installation problems). In the MuCAC group, 8.1% (6/74) of patients dropped out of the study (three patients because of adverse events not related to cushions, two for onset of PU, one for cushion-related problem). Over the study period of 35 days, 2.6% (2/78) [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3–9.0%] of patients in the SiCAC group and 4.0% (3/74) [95%CI: 0.8–11.4%] in the MuCAC group developed a PU. Conclusion: These two observational studies showed that in patients at high risk of PUs and seated for more than eight hours a day in a wheelchair, the use of a single-compartment or multi-compartment air cushion with telescopic cells was associated with a low incidence of PUs.
Affect, aliens, and crisis in Nacho Vigalondo’s Extraterrestre
Authors: Divine Susan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article will analyse how Nacho Vialgondo’s Extraterrestre (2011) first deploys and then intentionally confuses genre tropes as a way to comment on the housing crisis in Spain that was reaching its apex at the time of the film’s release. Specifically, Extraterrestre, marketed as a science fiction thriller, tells the story of an alien invasion in Madrid through the emotional arc of a melodrama. While staying away from overtly political commentary, Extraterrestre’s focus on romance and the home emphasizes how individuals respond in moments of crisis. Rather than focus on heroes who fight a spatial invasion and deterritorilization, the writer-director follows four protagonists who decide to isolate themselves from the outside danger, too absorbed in their romantic trysts to react rationally. This generic juxtaposition creates emotional dissonance in the spectator that allows for a consideration of affect as tool of hegemony. Social geographer Nigel Thrift refers to the relationship between affect and power as an ‘emotional regime’ that is manipulated by political, spatial and economic actors. To this end, my reading of the film is primarily informed by urban theory, especially how affect is produced and, in turn, produces space.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI PENUNDAAN KELAHIRAN ANAK PERTAMA DI WILAYAH PERDESAAN INDONESIA: ANALISIS DATA SDKI 2012
Authors: Indraswari Risa Ruri , Yuhan Risni Julaeni 
Published: September 2017

A large number of population that not followed by the quality of human resources will burden the development of a country. Thus, some efforts are needed to reduce the fertility level. One solution to this issue is to delay the first birth. This study aims to assess the delayed first child birth in rural Indonesia and the affecting factors. This study analyzed secondary data using descriptive approach to have a general description of the delayed first birth. Moreover, a binary logistic regression model was fitted to determine the associated factors. The results show that a socioeconomic variable that significantly associated with the delayed first child birth is husband’s job in the non-agricultural sector. Furthermore, the significant demographic variables are the age of first marriage age and the perception of an ideal number of children.
Education and Training of Preservation and Conservation in Sun Yat-sen University (2001–2016)
Authors: Zhang Jing , Lin Jiaping , Zhang Ying , Madden Andrew 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:Since the Chinese Rare Book Preservation Plan started in 2007, education and training in preservation and conservation of library and archival collections have been of increasing concern. Many forms of integrated development have been implemented, including schoolThe concept of school in this article includes (1) colleges, (2) universities, and (3) technical secondary schools. education, apprenticeships, and professional training. The number of training institutions has doubled, and the level of training has been raised. Some comprehensive universitiesIn China, a comprehensive university is one that offers a broad range of courses, instead of specializing (as is the case, for example, with medical or technical universities). began to participate in this provision of education and training, and Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU) was a typical example. At SYSU, the introduction occurred in three stages: leading edge (2001–2003); beginning (2004–2008); and comprehensive development (2009–). Following these stages, SYSU launched a full range of programs offering education and training in preservation and conservation, and has formed the SYSU Model, which relies on the first-level discipline, Science of Library, Information and Archive Management.China's Ministry of Education stipulates that in the establishment of the graduate education system of colleges and universities, the first-level discipline is the major discipline and the second-level discipline is a subclass of it. In total, there are 110 first-level disciplines. The science of Library, Information and Archive Management is one of them. In the process, it has also developed unique characteristics, such as effective integration of Chinese and Western theories; attaching equal importance to preservation and conservation; and an effective combination of theory and practice.
Wie können Medikamente für seltene Erkrankungen entwickelt werden?
Authors: Beck Michael 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Zur Entwicklung neuer Medikamente für seltene Erkrankungen (Orphan Drugs) müssen auf Grund der geringen Zahl an Probanden andere Studien-Designs als das konventionelle randomisierte, doppelblinde, Plazebo-kontrollierte Protokoll zur Anwendung kommen. Die europäische Gesundheitsbehörde EMA unterstützt pharmazeutische Firmen bei der Entwicklung von Orphan Drugs durch erleichterte Zulassungsbedingungen. Der erhöhte Entwicklungsaufwand führt zu hohen Medikamentenpreisen, die den Patienten in vielen Ländern nicht erstattet werden.
T-Cell Mediation of Pregnancy Analgesia Affecting Chronic Pain in Mice
Authors: Rosen Sarah F. , Ham Boram , Drouin Shannon , Boachie Nadia , Chabot-Dore Anne-Julie , Austin Jean-Sebastien , Diatchenko Luda , Mogil Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2017

It has been reported consistently that many female chronic pain sufferers have an attenuation of symptoms during pregnancy. Rats display increased pain tolerance during pregnancy due to an increase in opioid receptors in the spinal cord. Past studies did not consider the role of non-neuronal cells, which are now known to play an important role in chronic pain processing. Using an inflammatory (complete Freund's adjuvant) or neuropathic (spared nerve injury) model of persistent pain, we observed that young adult female mice in early pregnancy switch from a microglia-independent to a microglia-dependent pain hypersensitivity mechanism. During late pregnancy, female mice show no evidence of chronic pain whatsoever. This pregnancy-related analgesia is reversible by intrathecal administration of naloxone, suggesting an opioid-mediated mechanism; pharmacological and genetic data suggest the importance of δ-opioid receptors. We also observe that T-cell-deficient (nudeandRag1-null mutant) pregnant mice do not exhibit pregnancy analgesia, which can be rescued with the adoptive transfer of CD4+or CD8+T cells from late-pregnant wild-type mice. These results suggest that T cells are a mediator of the opioid analgesia exhibited during pregnancy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChronic pain symptoms often subside during pregnancy. This pregnancy-related analgesia has been demonstrated for acute pain in rats. Here, we show that pregnancy analgesia can produce a complete cessation of chronic pain behaviors in mice. We show that the phenomenon is dependent on pregnancy hormones (estrogen and progesterone), δ-opioid receptors, and T cells of the adaptive immune system. These findings add to the recent but growing evidence of sex-specific T-cell involvement in chronic pain processing.