bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tonal Problems as Agents of Narrative in Brahms's Unbewegte laue Luft, Op. 57 No. 8
Authors: TERRIGNO LORETTA 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTScholars have often invoked the progress of chromatic pitches through a piece as a metaphor for dramatic events, defining ‘tonal problems’ and ‘promissory notes’ as chromatic pitches that enter early in a piece, threaten the governing tonality's sovereignty and signify a conflict to be resolved (see Cone (1982), Carpenter (1988) and Schachter (1999).). Edward Cone's well‐known reading of Schubert's Moment musical in A♭ (Op. 94 No. 6) posits the inability of E♮ to be fully assimilated, expressing ‘the occurrence of a disquieting thought to one of a tranquil, easy‐going nature’. This article extends these models, interpreting the tonal problems F♮ and C♮ in Brahms's song Unbewegte laue Luft, Op. 57 No. 8, as realising present and future temporalities that remain latent in Georg Friedrich Daumer's poem.Brahms's E major song seems to model the poem's temporal progression from present to future, invoking F♮ to signify the protagonist's suppressed desire in the present and later respelling the pitch as E♯ to suggest emergent desire and its imagined future. Whereas Daumer's poem only contrasts the images of nature's external calm with the protagonist's internal passion, the tonal consequences of F and C in Brahms's setting also draw these images together, suggesting that they are intertwined in the protagonist's perceptions. His initially subconscious desires influence his experience of nature.
Invasive alien plants benefit more from clonal integration in heterogeneous environments than natives
Authors: Wang Yong‐Jian , Müller‐Schärer Heinz , van Kleunen Mark , Cai Ai‐Ming , Zhang Ping , Yan Rong , Dong Bi‐Cheng , Yu Fei‐Hai 
Published: September 2017

Summary

What confers invasive alien plants a competitive advantage over native plants remains open to debate. Many of the world's worst invasive alien plants are clonal and able to share resources within clones (clonal integration), particularly in heterogeneous environments. Here, we tested the hypothesis that clonal integration benefits invasive clonal plants more than natives and thus confers invasives a competitive advantage.

We selected five congeneric and naturally co‐occurring pairs of invasive alien and native clonal plants in China, and grew pairs of connected and disconnected ramets under heterogeneous light, soil nutrient and water conditions that are commonly encountered by alien plants during their invasion into new areas.

Clonal integration increased biomass of all plants in all three heterogeneous resource environments. However, invasive plants benefited more from clonal integration than natives. Consequently, invasive plants produced more biomass than natives.

Our results indicate that clonal integration may confer invasive alien clonal plants a competitive advantage over natives. Therefore, differences in the ability of clonal integration could potentially explain, at least partly, the invasion success of alien clonal plants in areas where resources are heterogeneously distributed.
The impact of MUC5B gene on dental caries
Authors: Cavallari T , Salomão H , Moysés ST , Moysés SJ , Werneck RI 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo identify the impact of MUC5B polymorphisms on dental caries.MethodsA case–control study was performed with patients recruited at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. These individuals were aged 12 years old or more. Dental caries was diagnosed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System, and the effects of socioeconomic, dietary, and hygiene factors on dental caries were investigated. Furthermore, buccal cells were collected, and their DNA was extracted and amplified using PCR. Uni‐, bi‐, and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsTwo hundred patients were recruited, 100 were assigned to the case group and 100 to the control group. In the bivariate analysis, the following variables showed significant results: ethnicity (p = .008), biofilm (p < .001), and gingivitis (p < .001). The MUC5B gene affected dental caries with the markers rs2735733 (p < .001), rs2249073 (p < .001), and rs2857476 (p < .001). In the multivariate analysis, the biofilm variable remained significant (p = .026), as did the following markers from the MUC5B gene: rs2735733 (p = .019), rs2249073 (p < .025), and rs2857476 (p < .005).ConclusionGenetic variations in the MUC5B gene can influence dental caries.
Resveratrol suppresses the alveolar bone resorption induced by artificial trauma from occlusion in mice
Authors: Matsuda Y , Minagawa T , Okui T , Yamazaki K 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveBesides inflammatory bone loss, trauma from occlusion (TO)‐induced alveolar bone loss increases the risk of future tooth loss. We have shown that resveratrol, a polyphenol, possesses anti‐inflammatory characteristics and a suppressive effect on osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on TO‐induced bone loss in mice.Material and MethodsTrauma from occlusion was induced by overlaying composite resin onto the maxillary first molar of C57BL/6 mice. TO‐induced mice were administered either resveratrol or vehicle for 15 days from 5 days before TO induction. The mice administered vehicle only served as controls. The effect of resveratrol on bone resorption was assessed histologically. Gene expression in gingival and periodontal ligament tissues was analyzed. In vitro effect of resveratrol on the differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow‐derived macrophages into osteoclastic cells was analyzed.ResultsResveratrol administration significantly decreased the bone loss and suppressed the elevated expression of osteoclastogenesis‐related gene in periodontal ligament tissue by TO. Resveratrol treatment also suppressed the differentiation of both RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow‐derived macrophages into osteoclastic cells.ConclusionResveratrol administration suppressed the TO‐induced alveolar bone loss by suppressing osteoclast differentiation, suggesting that resveratrol is effective in preventing both inflammation and mechanical stress‐induced alveolar bone resorption.
Transcriptomic repertoires depict the initiation of lint and fuzz fibres in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Hu Haiyan , Wang Maojun , Ding Yuanhao , Zhu Sitao , Zhao Guannan , Tu Lili , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: September 2017

SummaryCotton fibre is an important natural fibre for the textile industry. The number of fibre initials determines the lint percentage, which is an important factor for cotton fibre yield. Although fibre development has been described by transcriptomic analysis, the mechanism by which the long noncoding RNA manipulates the initiation of lint and fuzz fibres remains unknown. In this study, three lines with different lint percentages were developed by crossing Xu142 with its fibreless mutant Xu142 fl. We collected the epidermal cells from the ovules with attached fibres at 0 and 5 days post anthesis (DPA) from Xu142, the fibreless mutant Xu142 fl and the three lint percent diversified lines for deep transcriptome sequencing. A total of 2641 novel genes, 35 802 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 2262 circular RNAs (circRNAs) were identified, of which 645 lncRNAs were preferentially expressed in the fibreless mutant Xu142 fl and 651 lncRNAs were preferentially expressed in the fibre‐attached lines. We demonstrated the functional roles of the three lncRNAs in fibre development via a virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) system. Our results showed that silencing XLOC_545639 and XLOC_039050 in Xu142 fl increased the number of fibre initials on the ovules, but silencing XLOC_079089 in Xu142 resulted in a short fibre phenotype. This study established the transcriptomic repertoires in cotton fibre initiation and provided evidence for the potential functions of lncRNAs in fibre development.
Comparison of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis guidelines—an argument for aggressive atopic dermatitis management
Authors: Lohman Mary E. , Lio Peter A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe development of effective systemic treatments has revolutionized the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. The availability of safe new treatments and the understanding of psoriasis as a systemic disease with comorbidities and effects on quality of life have driven the current aggressive treatment paradigm of psoriasis. Historically the morbidity of atopic dermatitis (AD) has been dismissed, given the perception of AD as “just” a rash. Differences in the guidelines for psoriasis and AD management may suggest variations in the current conceptualization of disease severity and effects on quality of life. Published guidelines from the American Academy of Dermatology for the management of psoriasis and AD were reviewed. We recorded the similarities and differences in disease assessment and therapy. The threshold to use biologic agents for moderate to severe psoriasis highlights the aggressive nature of modern psoriasis treatment. AD guidelines include an assessment of quality of life but do not designate a disease severity threshold for systemic treatment. AD and psoriasis have a tremendous effect on quality of life. The AD guidelines have a less aggressive approach to disease management than the psoriasis guidelines. We should think critically about rapid advancement to systemic agents in AD management, especially now that more and better agents are being developed.
Fluoride mouthrinses for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents
Authors: Bidwell Josie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Mission of the Cochrane Nursing Care Field (CNCF) is to improve health outcomes through increasing the use of the Cochrane Library and supporting Cochrane's role by providing an evidence base for nurses and related health care professionals involved in delivering, leading, or researching nursing care. The CNCF produces “Cochrane Corner” columns (summaries of recent nursing‐care‐relevant Cochrane Reviews) that are regularly published in collaborating nursing‐care‐related journals. Information on the processes this Field has developed can be accessed at: http://cncf.cochrane.org/evidence-transfer-program-review-summaries.
Identification of genes alternatively spliced in developing maize endosperm
Authors: Xie S. , Zhang X. , Zhou Z. , Li X. , Huang Y. , Zhang J. , Weng J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

The process of alternative splicing is critical for the regulation of growth and development of plants. Thus far, little is known about the role of alternative splicing in the regulation of maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm development.

RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) data of endosperms from two maize inbred lines, Mo17 and Ji419, at 15 and 25 days after pollination (DAP), respectively, were used to identify genes that were alternatively spliced during endosperm development. Intron retention (IR) in GRMZM2G005887 was further validated using PCR and re‐sequencing technologies.

In total, 49,000 alternatively spliced events and ca. 20,000 alternatively spliced genes were identified in the two maize inbred lines. Of these, 30 genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and starch biosynthesis were identified, with IR occurring only in a specific sample, and were significantly co‐expressed with ten well‐known genes related to maize endosperm development. Moreover, IR in GRMZM2G005887, which encodes a cysteine synthase, was confirmed to occur only in the endosperm of Mo17 at 15 DAP, resulting in the retention of a 121‐bp fragment in its 5′ untranslated region. Two cis‐acting regulatory elements, CAAT‐box and TATA‐box were observed in the retained fragment in Mo17 at 15 DAP; this could regulate the expression of this gene and influence endosperm development.

The results suggest that the 30 genes with IR identified herein might be associated with maize endosperm development, and are likely to play important roles in the developing maize endosperm.
Gender specialisation and stigma height dimorphism in Mediterranean Lithodora fruticosa (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Pannell J. R. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Dimorphism in style height has evolved repeatedly in flowering plants, with some individuals having short and others long styles; in the case of distylous species, stigma position varies reciprocally with that of the anthers. Distyly can be associated with divergence in the functional gender between long‐ and short‐styled individuals, but gender divergence has rarely been investigated in species with a simple stigma height polymorphism in the absence of reciprocal dimorphism in anther position.

To evaluate the relation between stigma height polymorphism and gender, I measured the dimensions of floral morphology and seed production for the two morphs of a large population of the Iberian species Lithodora fruticosa (Boraginaceae).

Results confirm the existence of a stigma height polymorphism in L. fruticosa, with long‐ and short‐styled individuals at a 1:1 ratio in the studied population. Long‐styled individuals produced substantially more seeds than did short‐styled individuals, pointing to strong divergence in functional gender between the two morphs.

The results of this study are puzzling in light of recent work that suggests that L. fruticosa has a multi‐allelic self‐incompatibility system. I discuss the significance of gender divergence in L. fruticosa and evaluate hypotheses that might explain it.
Plant reproductive ecology and evolution in the Mediterranean islands: state of the art
Authors: Traveset A. , Navarro L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTheca. 12,000 islands and islets that encompass the Mediterranean Basin represent a biodiversity hotspot. They have been disconnected from each other and from the continent for hundreds of thousands to millions of years and encompass a high incidence of endemic plant species, with values that can exceed 20% of the local flora. Despite this, relatively few studies have been carried out to unravel ecological and evolutionary aspects of plant reproduction. We synthesise here the available information on the breeding systems, pollination and seed dispersal mode of the Mediterranean island flora. The main objective is to identify general patterns as well as to detect the main gaps in information on reproductive ecology in these particular and vulnerable systems in the face of global change. We also briefly review the information on impacts of invasive species on plant reproduction and dispersal, as these are some of the main threats to island biodiversity in general and Mediterranean island plant diversity in particular. The review has revealed that most available information is very geographically biased towards the western Mediterranean islands, especially the Balearic Islands, although a good fraction of studies have also been carried out on the eastern islands in the Aegean archipelago. Moreover, the majority of data come from species‐focused studies, mainly endemic species of restricted range, whereas only a small fraction of studies have been performed at a community level. Relatively little work has involved genetic analyses, mainly focused on assessing the genetic differentiation and variability on narrow endemics. Contrary to our expectations, most island species do not rely on autonomous selfing, which might be related to the relatively high diversity of pollinators. The small, uninhabited, islands might be the last refuges of peculiar interactions that evolved in them in ancient times; they thus should be considered as sanctuaries of extraordinary biodiversity. Finally, we point out the main gaps of information and formulate a set of hypotheses that we believe are worth testing in future studies if we are to advance knowledge on the reproductive biology of Mediterranean island plants.
Characterization of Sclerotinia minor populations in Texas peanut fields
Authors: Crutcher F. K. , Henry‐Gregory M. A. , Wilkinson H. H. , Duke S. E. , Wheeler T. , Kenerley C. M. 
Published: September 2017

In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.
Preliminary data on possible protein markers of parturition in cows
Authors: Wawrzykowski J , Franczyk M , Hoedemaker M , Pries M , Streuff B , Kankofer M 
Published: September 2017

ContentsParturition is one of the most important events in reproduction. Regardless of many studies, exact time for pregnancy termination and onset of parturition is impossible to determine. The aim of this study was to describe and to compare protein profile of plasma from healthy pregnant cows (n = 6) at following five time points: 2 weeks, 1 week before, at parturition, 1 week and 2 weeks after parturition to search for possible protein markers of parturition. Plasma samples were analysed by 1D and 2D electrophoresis, and selected spots were identified by mass spectrometry. Protein profile showed no uniform pattern. Seventy spots differed at least for one sampling point from the time point 2 weeks before parturition which served as reference. Thirty spots expressed higher intensity of staining 1 week as 2 weeks before parturition while 13 showed opposite relationship. Twenty two spots expressed higher intensity of staining at parturition as 2 weeks before delivery while 15 showed opposite relationship. Eighteen spots expressed higher intensity of staining 2 weeks before parturition as 1 week post‐partum while 2 showed opposite relationship. Fifteen spots expressed higher intensity of staining 2 weeks before parturition as 2 weeks after delivery while 14 showed opposite relationship. Thirty‐five proteins, belonging to different functional groups, were identified. Of them, 15 spots differed significantly between parturition and 2 weeks before delivery. Among them were metalloproteinase inhibitor and LDH which seem to be the most promising molecules considered as parturition markers due to their functions.
Short‐term respiratory effects of e‐cigarettes in healthy individuals and smokers with asthma
Authors: Lappas Andreas S. , Tzortzi Anna S. , Konstantinidi Efstathia M. , Teloniatis Stephanie I. , Tzavara Chara K. , Gennimata Sofia A. , Koulouris Nikolaos G. , Behrakis Panagiotis K. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThis study investigated the duration of immediate respiratory effects of e‐cigarette smoking (ECS) and tested the hypothesis that ECS has more prominent effects in asthmatics compared with healthy smokers (HS).MethodsFifty‐four smokers, 27 healthy (HS group) and 27 with intermittent asthma (mild asthma (MA) group) underwent a control session (no liquid, no resistor coil inside e‐cigarette cartridge) and an experimental session of ECS using standardized puffing settings. Impulse oscillometry impedance (Z), resistance (R), reactance (X) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured before and 0, 15 and 30 min after control and experimental sessions.ResultsControl session revealed no significant changes. In the experimental session, immediately post‐ECS, both groups exhibited a significant increase in respiratory system total impedance at 5 Hz (Z5) (P < 0.001), respiratory system resistance at 5 Hz (R5) (P < 0.001), respiratory system resistance at 10 Hz (R10) (P < 0.001), respiratory system resistance at 20 Hz (R20) (P < 0.05), resonant frequency (P < 0.001) and reactance area (P < 0.05).MA exhibited higher baseline values and a more prominent effect immediately after ECS compared with HS for Z5 (P = 0.022), R5 (P = 0.010) and R10 (P = 0.013).FeNO decreased significantly in both groups (P < 0.001); HS returned to baseline values in ≤15 min while the MA maintained significantly lower values for an additional 15 min (P < 0.05) and returned to baseline values at 30 min post‐ECS.ConclusionA single session of ECS had respiratory mechanical and inflammatory effects, which were more prominent in smokers with asthma.
The start‐up of the Dolomia Principale/Hauptdolomit carbonate platform (Upper Triassic) in the eastern Southern Alps
Authors: Caggiati Marcello , Gianolla Piero , Breda Anna , Celarc Bogomir , Preto Nereo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWide carbonate platform environments developed on the western passive margin of the Tethys during the Late Triassic, after a major climate change (Carnian Pluvial Episode) that produced a crisis of high‐relief microbial carbonate platforms. The peritidal succession of this epicontinental platform (Dolomia Principale/Hauptdolomit, Dachstein Limestone) is widespread in the Mediterranean region. However, the start‐up stage is not fully understood. The original platform to basin depositional geometries of the system have been studied in the north‐eastern Southern Alps, close to the Italian/Slovenian boundary where they are exceptionally preserved. Sedimentological features have been investigated in detail by measuring several stratigraphic sections cropping out along an ideal depositional profile. The analysis of the facies architecture allowed reconstruction of the palaeoenvironments of the Dolomia Principale platform during its start‐up and early growth stages in the late Carnian. The carbonate platform was characterized by an outer platform area, connected northward to steep slopes facing a relatively deep basin. Southward, the outer platform was connected to inner sheltered environments by a narrow, often emerged shelf crest. Behind this zone, carbonate sedimentation occurred in shallow lagoons and tidal flats, passing inward to a siliciclastic mudflat. The Dolomia Principale platform was initially aggrading and able to keep pace with a concomitant sea‐level rise, and then prograding during the late Carnian. This stratigraphic interval was correlated with the Tuvalian succession of the Dolomites, allowing depiction of the depositional system on a wide scale of hundreds of kilometres. This large‐scale depositional system presents features in common with some Palaeozoic and Mesozoic carbonate build‐ups (for example, the Permian Capitan Reef complex, Anisian Latemar platform), both in terms of architecture and prevailing carbonate producers. A microbial‐dominated carbonate factory is found in the outer platform and upper slope. The recovery of high‐relief microbial carbonate platforms marks the end of the Carnian Pluvial Episode in the Tuvalian of Tethys.