bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pityriasis lichenoides: Long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Zang Julie B. , Coates Sarah J. , Huang Jing , Vonderheid Eric C. , Cohen Bernard A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPityriasis lichenoides is an uncommon papulosquamous disorder of unknown etiology. The objective of this study was to review the clinical features and treatment responses of individuals with pityriasis lichenoides seen at a tertiary referral center.MethodsSeventy‐five patients diagnosed with pityriasis lichenoides between 1997 and 2013 were reviewed, and 46 had long‐term follow‐up via telephone interviews.ResultsFifty (67%) patients were diagnosed with pityriasis lichenoides chronica, 22 (29%) with pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, and 3 (4%) with mixed pityriasis lichenoides chronica and pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta features. Mean ± standard deviation age at onset was 12 ± 13 years (median 8 years). Disease duration was significantly shorter for patients with pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (35 ± 35 months) than for those with pityriasis lichenoides chronica (at least 78 ± 48 months). At long‐term follow‐up, 23 of 28 (82%) patients with pityriasis lichenoides chronica and 3 of 16 (19%) with pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta had active disease. None progressed to lymphomatoid papulosis or cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. Ten of 23 active pityriasis lichenoides chronica cases had residual pigmentary change independent of race and lasted at least 35 ± 20 months. The most effective treatments were phototherapy (47% response rate), heliotherapy (33%), topical corticosteroids (27%), and antibiotics (25%).ConclusionPityriasis lichenoides is a predominantly pediatric disorder. The time course of pityriasis lichenoides chronica is significantly longer than that of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta. Pityriasis lichenoides chronica may persist with pigmentary alterations in the absence of other signs of active inflammation. Treatment response is often limited, particularly for patients with pityriasis lichenoides chronica.
Mood changes with methotrexate therapy for dermatologic disease
Authors: Bhat Trisha , Coughlin Carrie C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNeurotoxicity and cognitive effects of low‐dose methotrexate for rheumatologic disease have often been described, but the neuropsychiatric effects of low‐dose methotrexate for cutaneous disease have been underreported in the dermatology literature. We describe two children who experienced mood changes with methotrexate treatment for lichen sclerosus with morphea overlap and psoriasis, with rapid resolution of these symptoms after methotrexate cessation. We also detail possible mechanisms underlying psychiatric changes with methotrexate therapy.
The Use of a Three-LevelM-Quantile Model to Map Poverty at Local Administrative Unit 1 in Poland
Authors: Marchetti Stefano , Beręsewicz Maciej , Salvati Nicola , Szymkowiak Marcin , Wawrowski Łukasz 
Published: January 2018

SummaryA three-level M-quantile model for small area estimation is proposed. The methodology represents an efficient alternative to prediction by using a three-level linear mixed model in the presence of outliers and it is based on an extension of M-quantile regression. A modified method of the traditional M-quantile (two-level) approach for poverty estimation is also proposed. In addition, an estimator of the mean-squared prediction error is described, which is based on a bootstrap procedure. The methodology proposed, as well as the three-level empirical best predictor, are applied to Polish European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions and census data to estimate poverty at local administrative unit 1 level in Poland, i.e. the level for which the Central Statistical Office of Poland has not published any official estimates to date.
WD40‐REPEAT 5a represses root meristem growth by suppressing auxin synthesis through changes of nitric oxide accumulation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Wen‐Cheng , Zheng Si‐Qiu , Yu Zhen‐Dong , Gao Xiang , Shen Ran , Lu Ying‐Tang 
Published: January 2018

SummaryAlthough nitric oxide (NO) is known to regulate root growth, the factor(s) modulating NO during this process have not yet been elucidated. Here, we identified Arabidopsis WD40‐REPEAT 5a (WDR5a) as a novel factor that functions in root growth by modulating NO accumulation. The wdr5a‐1 mutant accumulated less NO and produced longer roots than the wild type, whereas the WDR5a overexpression lines had the opposite phenotype. The role of NO was further supported by our observation that the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and the NO scavenger 2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide (cPTIO) rescued the root meristem growth phenotypes of the wdr5a‐1 and WDR5a overexpression lines, respectively. The regulation of root growth by WDR5a was found to involve auxin because the auxin levels were similar in SNP‐treated wdr5a‐1 and wild‐type roots, but higher in untreated wdr5a‐1 roots than in wild‐type roots. In addition, the wdr5a‐1 mutant had higher production and activity levels of the auxin biosynthetic enzyme TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1 (TAA1), in contrast to its reduced expression and activity in the WDR5a overexpression lines, and the increased root meristem growth in wdr5a‐1 was suppressed by treatment with l‐kynurenine, which inhibits TAA1, as well as by mutating TAA1. WDR5a therefore functions in root meristem growth by maintaining NO homeostasis, and thus TAA1‐mediated auxin biosynthesis.
Transcriptome‐based analyses of phosphite‐mediated suppression of rust pathogens Puccinia emaculata and Phakopsora pachyrhizi and functional characterization of selected fungal target genes
Authors: Gill Upinder S. , Sun Liang , Rustgi Sachin , Tang Yuhong , von Wettstein Diter , Mysore Kirankumar S. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryPhosphite (Phi) is used commercially to manage diseases mainly caused by oomycetes, primarily due to its low cost compared with other fungicides and its persistent control of oomycetous pathogens. We explored the use of Phi in controlling the fungal pathogens Puccinia emaculata and Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agents of switchgrass rust and Asian soybean rust, respectively. Phi primes host defenses and efficiently inhibits the growth of P. emaculata, P. pachyrhizi and several other fungal pathogens tested. To understand these Phi‐mediated effects, a detailed molecular analysis was undertaken in both the host and the pathogen. Transcriptomic studies in switchgrass revealed that Phi activates plant defense signaling as early as 1 h after application by increasing the expression of several cytoplasmic and membrane receptor‐like kinases and defense‐related genes within 24 h of application. Unlike in oomycetes, RNA sequencing of P. emaculata and P. pachyrhizi did not exhibit Phi‐mediated retardation of cell wall biosynthesis. The genes with reduced expression in either or both rust fungi belonged to functional categories such as ribosomal protein, actin, RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase. A few P. emaculata genes that had reduced expression upon Phi treatment were further characterized. Application of double‐stranded RNAs specific to P. emaculata genes encoding glutamate N‐acetyltransferase and cystathionine gamma‐synthase to switchgrass leaves resulted in reduced disease severity upon P. emaculata inoculation, suggesting their role in pathogen survival and/or pathogenesis.
Major influence of a ‘smoke and mirrors’ effect caused by wave reflection on early diastolic coronary arterial wave intensity
Authors: Mynard Jonathan P. , Penny Daniel J. , Smolich Joseph J. 
Published: January 2018

Key points
Coronary wave intensity analysis (WIA) is an emerging technique for assessing upstream and downstream influences on myocardial perfusion.
It is thought that a dominant backward decompression wave (BDWdia) is generated by a distal suction effect, while early‐diastolic forward decompression (FDWdia) and compression (FCWdia) waves originate in the aorta.
We show that wave reflection also makes a substantial contribution to FDWdia, FCWdia and BDWdia, as quantified by a novel method. In 18 sheep, wave reflection accounted for ∼70% of BDWdia, whereas distal suction dominated in a computer model representing a hypertensive human.
Non‐linear addition/subtraction of mechanistically distinct waves (e.g. wave reflection and distal suction) obfuscates the true contribution of upstream and downstream forces on measured waves (the ‘smoke and mirrors’ effect).
The mechanisms underlying coronary WIA are more complex than previously thought and the impact of wave reflection should be considered when interpreting clinical and experimental data.
AbstractCoronary arterial wave intensity analysis (WIA) is thought to provide clear insight into upstream and downstream forces on coronary flow, with a large early‐diastolic surge in coronary flow accompanied by a prominent backward decompression wave (BDWdia), as well as a forward decompression wave (FDWdia) and forward compression wave (FCWdia). The BDWdia is believed to arise from distal suction due to release of extravascular compression by relaxing myocardium, while FDWdia and FCWdia are thought to be transmitted from the aorta into the coronary arteries. Based on an established multi‐scale computational model and high‐fidelity measurements from the proximal circumflex artery (Cx) of 18 anaesthetized sheep, we present evidence that wave reflection has a major impact on each of these three waves, with a non‐linear addition/subtraction of reflected waves obscuring the true influence of upstream and downstream forces through concealment and exaggeration, i.e. a ‘smoke and mirrors’ effect. We also describe methods, requiring additional measurement of aortic WIA, for unravelling the separate influences of wave reflection versus active upstream/downstream forces on coronary waves. Distal wave reflection accounted for ∼70% of the BDWdia in sheep, but had a lesser influence (∼25%) in the computer model representing a hypertensive human. Negative reflection of the BDWdia at the coronary–aortic junction attenuated the Cx FDWdia (by ∼40% in sheep) and augmented Cx FCWdia (∼5‐fold), relative to the corresponding aortic waves. We conclude that wave reflection has a major influence on early‐diastolic WIA, and thus needs to be considered when interpreting coronary WIA profiles.
Layer‐specific excitation/inhibition balances during neuronal synchronization in the visual cortex
Authors: Adesnik Hillel 
Published: January 2018

Key points
Understanding the balance between synaptic excitation and inhibition in cortical circuits in the brain, and how this contributes to cortical rhythms, is fundamental to explaining information processing in the cortex.
This study used cortical layer‐specific optogenetic activation in mouse cortex to show that excitatory neurons in any cortical layer can drive powerful gamma rhythms, while inhibition balances excitation.
The net impact of this is to keep activity within each layer in check, but simultaneously to promote the propagation of activity to downstream layers.
The data show that rhythm‐generating circuits exist in all principle layers of the cortex, and provide layer‐specific balances of excitation and inhibition that affect the flow of information across the layers.
AbstractRhythmic activity can synchronize neural ensembles within and across cortical layers. While gamma band rhythmicity has been observed in all layers, the laminar sources and functional impacts of neuronal synchronization in the cortex remain incompletely understood. Here, layer‐specific optogenetic stimulation demonstrates that populations of excitatory neurons in any cortical layer of the mouse's primary visual cortex are sufficient to powerfully entrain neuronal oscillations in the gamma band. Within each layer, inhibition balances excitation and keeps activity in check. Across layers, translaminar output overcomes inhibition and drives downstream firing. These data establish that rhythm‐generating circuits exist in all principle layers of the cortex, but provide layer‐specific balances of excitation and inhibition that may dynamically shape the flow of information through cortical circuits. These data might help explain how excitation/inhibition (E/I) balances across cortical layers shape information processing, and shed light on the diverse nature and functional impacts of cortical gamma rhythms.
The influence of capillarization on satellite cell pool expansion and activation following exercise‐induced muscle damage in healthy young men
Authors: Nederveen Joshua P. , Joanisse Sophie , Snijders Tim , Thomas Aaron C. Q. , Kumbhare Dinesh , Parise Gianni 
Published: January 2018

Key points
Skeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells) play a crucial role in repair and remodelling of muscle in response to exercise.
Satellite cells are in close spatial proximity to muscle capillaries and therefore may be influenced by them.
In this study, we describe the activation and expansion of the satellite cell pool in response to eccentric contraction‐induced muscle damage in individuals with significantly different levels of muscle capillarization.
Individuals with greater capillarization and capacity for muscle perfusion demonstrated enhanced activation and/or expansion of the satellite cell pool allowing for an accelerated recovery of muscle function.
These results provide insight into the critical relationship between muscle capillarization and satellite cells during skeletal muscle repair.
AbstractFactors that determine the skeletal muscle satellite cell (SC) response remain incompletely understood. It is known, however, that SC activation status is closely related to the anatomical relationship between SCs and muscle capillaries. We investigated the impact of muscle fibre capillarization on the expansion and activation status of SCs following a muscle‐damaging exercise protocol in healthy young men. Twenty‐nine young men (21 ± 0.5 years) performed 300 unilateral eccentric contractions (180 deg s−1) of the knee extensors. Percutaneous muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis and blood samples from the antecubital vein were taken prior to (Pre) exercise and at 6, 24, 72 and 96 h of post‐exercise recovery. A comparison was made between subjects who had a relative low mixed muscle capillary‐to‐fibre perimeter exchange index (CFPE; Low group) and high mixed muscle CFPE index (High group) at baseline. Type I and type II muscle fibre size, myonuclear content, capillarization, and SC response were determined via immunohistochemistry. Overall, there was a significant correlation (r = 0.39; P < 0.05) between the expansion of SC content (change in total Pax7+ cells/100 myofibres) 24 h following eccentric exercise and mixed muscle CFPE index. There was a greater increase in activated SCs (MyoD+/Pax7+ cells) in the High as compared to the Low CFPE group 72 h following eccentric exercise (P < 0.05). The current study provides further evidence that muscle fibre capillarization may play an important role in the activation and expansion of the SC pool during the process of skeletal muscle repair.
Modeling and Simulation of a Three-Dimensional Adjustable Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade, Using a Commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Code
Authors: Malik Abdul Wahab , Uddin Naseem , Hameed Ul Haq Syed M. , Khan M. Faizyab Uddin , Hayat Sikandar 
Published: January 2018

Wind turbines are subjected to variable wind speeds and flow patterns, this can result in variable power output from the wind turbine. A common practice to counter this problem is to create a twisted wind turbine blade, which can produce optimum output when subjected to different velocities and angle of attack. The research paper discusses the performance characteristics of the same.
The research paper presents CFD modeling of a twisted blade. The strategy used for the modeling was to divide the research in two parts. In the first part CFD simulations for 2-D Airfoils were carried-out and the aerodynamic characteristics were examined. In the second part, for more realistic results, a complete 3-D Wind turbine 3 blades rotor with nacelle was examined. For both parts GAMBIT was used for geometry and grid creation (pre-processing), whereas ANSYS FLUENT was used for performing simulations and obtaining the contour plots (Processing and Post Processing).
New Insights Into Slip-Stick Vibrations From Compact, Closed-Form Analysis
Authors: Fowler Deborah , Peters David 
Published: January 2018

A mechanical system sliding on a moving surface with Coulomb friction is a rich area for study. Despite much past work, there is still something to be gleaned by closed-form expressions for the system behavior. Consider a spring-mass-damper system (K, M, C) with deflection x, base moving in the +x direction at velocity V, sliding friction F, and sticking friction Fs. An initial condition of x0 at rest can be considered general because all possible motions will follow. Two dimensionless schemes are used. For the abstract, we focus on the scheme normalized by x0 with variable z = x/x0, τ = (ωnt, ωn = [K/M]1/2, ζ = c/[2(KM)1/2], ν̄ = V / (ωnx0), f = F/(Kx0), and fs = Fs/(Kx0). Since the solution is piecewise linear, this allows closed-form results.
For this abstract, we consider C = 0, Fs = F. (Other cases are in the paper.) There are three critical ground speeds. The first, ν̄d, is when sticking first occurs (at z = f). At the second speed, ν̄c, sticking has moved to z = −f. Thereafter, the sticking point again increases, reaching z = f at the third speed, ν̄b. For higher ν̄, there is no sticking.
In this paper, closed form expressions are presented for the three critical speeds:(1)ν¯d=[(1+3f)(1−5f)]12,ν¯c=[(1+f)(1−3f)]12,ν¯b=1−f
These formulas are verified by numerical simulation. The insight is that there is a limited range of f for which certain critical points can be reached. Thus, 0 < f < 1/5 has different dynamics than 1/5 < f < 1/3.
Formulas are also derived for the second maximum of z, which gives an indication of decay or growth of the system. For example, with f = fs and C = 0, the second maximum z with f < 1/5 is:(2)zmax=f+((1−f)2−ν¯2−4f)2+ν¯2ν¯d<ν¯<ν¯czmax=ν¯+fν¯c<ν¯<ν¯bzmax=1ν¯>ν¯c
Formulas will also be given for the times at which the maximum occurs and the times at which a transition occurs from static to sliding for all cases.
Sabatier Based Cycle for CO2 Methanation: Exergy and Thermo-Economic Analysis
Authors: Re Fabiana , Toro Claudia , Sciubba Enrico 
Published: January 2018

Growing concerns about global climate change have increased attention on various approaches to reduce emissions of CO2 and other GHGs. Several scale carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) approaches are currently in development and demonstration stages. Currently, CCS still faces several technical, legal, and economic challenges.
In the past decades, researchers have discussed potential use of Sabatier reaction in reducing CO2 emissions. This process converts CO2 and H2 into CH4 reacting over a metal catalyst. Turning waste CO2 into an efficient and easy-to-use fuel can be attractive for the transport sector and industries.
Object of this paper is the modelling, process design and simulation of a CO2 methanation plant based on the Sabatier reaction. The benefits of the plant in terms of reduced dependence on conventional fuels and lower risks to security of supply are described and evaluated in the medium and long term.
A thermoeconomic analysis is presented to evaluate the exergetic performance of the proposed system and the final cost of products and to compare it with other current carbon capture and energy storage technologies considering the effect of the main plant parameters.
Compatibility of Passenger Vehicles and Cable Median Barrier Systems
Authors: Stolle Cody S. , Reid John D. 
Published: January 2018

Cross-median crashes are one of the most severe type of highway crashes. Many state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) install median barriers, such as cable median barriers (CMBs), to reduce the rate of cross-median crashes. Nonetheless, these barriers are not always successful.
Approximately 20,000 cable barrier crashes throughout the United States spanning between 1999 and 2010 were examined, and detailed data was sufficient to determine the prevailing causes of 182 penetration crashes (i.e., barrier was breached). Penetration crashes involving CMBs were affected by: (1) impact conditions; (2) barrier placement and design; and (3) vehicle factors, including geometry and inertial properties.
In general, CMB crashes occur at higher CG trajectory angles than with other roadside features. The 85th percentile CG trajectory angle for cable barriers was 39 degrees, compared to 25 degrees when all roadside features are considered. Approximately 2.2% of all CMB crashes were severe, although penetrations were between two and thirteen times more likely to be severe than non-penetration crashes.
Vehicle factors such as weight and geometrical profile affected the likelihood of CMB penetrations. Headlights or taillights fractured or were damaged in approximately 80% of non-penetration crashes, but were damaged or fractured in less than 60% of penetration crashes, often by additional unrelated impacts. Lastly, heavier vehicles with more kinetic energy were more likely than similar, lighter vehicles to penetrate CMBs. Through better understanding of all of the complicating factors affecting CMB performance, better designs and guidelines can be prepared to maximize CMB effectiveness.
A Tool to Identify Damping During Large Amplitude Vibrations of Viscoelastic Structures
Authors: Balasubramanian Prabakaran , Ferrari Giovanni , Amabili Marco 
Published: January 2018

Various damping models are available to describe the dissipation energy present in structures. Among them, viscous and viscoelastic damping models are widely used to describe the damping in viscoelastic structures. Recent studies show that both viscous and viscoelastic damping of a structure varies as it experiences large amplitude vibrations. This makes it necessary to adjust the damping values with respect to the maximum vibration amplitude. The knowledge of damping values allows engineers to estimate the maximum vibration amplitude of a structure under various operating scenarios, thus improving the estimate of the safety margin and the efficiency of design.
However, the variation of hysteretic damping during large amplitude vibrations was not addressed yet. Hysteretic damping is defined as dissipation energy due to the internal friction between the internal planes of the material and is independent on frequency. Hysteretic damping is well defined in linear vibrations as the ratio of loss and storage energies. The concept is here extended and hysteretic damping is identified during nonlinear vibrations.
This paper presents the experimental data measured on a clamped-clamped rubber square plate under harmonic excitation at various force levels. A tool based on temporal method was developed to identify the nonlinear parameters and to calculate the hysteretic damping from the experimental data. The results show that hysteretic damping decreases with excitation frequency.