bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El Consejo de Defensa Suramericano
Authors: Rosanía Miño Néstor Alfonso 
Published: September 2017

“Hace poco hablé con las autoridades de Estados Unidos y les dije claramente que vamos a hacer lo que le interesa a Suramérica. No hay ninguna posibilidad de participación de EE.UU. porque el Consejo es suramericano y EE.UU. no está en Suramérica. No tenemos que pedir licencia a EE.UU.”
Nelson Jobim, ministro de Defensa de la República Federativa del Brasil.

La reconfiguración de la seguridad hemisférica tras el fin de la Guerra Fría y la caída del Muro de Berlín ha sido un proceso inestable. El período de un mundo bipolar Capitalismo vs. Comunismo dejó como resultado un concepto restrictivo de la seguridad, encaminado a la vigilancia y cuidado de un expansionismo ideológico comunista. En este contexto, los Estados suramericanos adoptaron como propias las políticas norteamericanas y lucharon internamente con los brotes comunistas que se manifestaban por medio de partidos políticos y grupos alzados en armas. Actualmente el giro a la izquierda de América Latina está avivado por discursos populistas que han creado nuevas dinámicas en la reconfiguración de la seguridad. La transición de una seguridad hemisférica que se limitaba a las políticas adoptadas por Washington pasó a proyectos para la articulación de ejércitos y fuerzas militares de la región. Hoy se ve una América Latina que se divide entre el Socialismo del siglo XXI y la lucha contra el terrorismo, lo que ha promovido la creación de un nuevo escenario, el Consejo de Defensa Suramericano.
PSI and TOPSIS Based Selection of Process Parameters in WEDM
Authors: Diyaley Sunny , Shilal Pramod , Shivakoti Ishwer , Ghadai Ranjan Kumar , Kalita Kanak 
Published: September 2017

Wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) is a nontraditional machining process for machining conductive materials with complex and intricate shapes with a high surface finish and dimensional accuracy. The decision making for the selection of the best set of combinations of input process parameters is a major challenge. Therefore a proper optimization tool should be used for the optimal selection of process parameters. The resent work deals with the comparative study of Preferential Selection Index (PSI) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for the selection of process parameters during machining of EN31 tool steel. Four input parameters- Pulse on Time (Ton ), Pulse off Time (Toff  ), Servo Voltage (SV) and the Wire tension (WT) are considered. Surface roughness and material removal rate are the measured output responses. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is used for developing the experimental design. Three levels of each control factor are considered. The results show that a single parameter alone does not have a significant influence on the output responses. Thequality of the output responses depends on the combination of the various set of input parameters. The best set of combination suggested from the current input parameters for machining of EN31 Tool Steel by Wire EDM Process is found to be Pulse on Time (Ton )= 15μs, Pulse Off Time (Toff  )=35μs, Servo Voltage (SV)=40V and the Wire tension (WT)=5kgf from both PSI as well as TOPSIS techniques. Confirmation experiments are performed to validate the optimal results.
The SAGA Survey. I. Satellite Galaxy Populations around Eight Milky Way Analogs
Authors: Geha Marla , Wechsler Risa H. , Mao Yao-Yuan , Tollerud Erik J. , Weiner Benjamin , Bernstein Rebecca , Hoyle Ben , Marchi Sebastian , Marshall Phil J. , Muñoz Ricardo , Lu Yu 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We present the survey strategy and early results of the “Satellites Around Galactic Analogs” (SAGA) Survey. The SAGA Survey’s goal is to measure the distribution of satellite galaxies around 100 systems analogous to the Milky Way down to the luminosity of the Leo I dwarf galaxy (

). We define a Milky Way analog based on K-band luminosity and local environment. Here, we present satellite luminosity functions for eight Milky-Way-analog galaxies between 20 and 40 Mpc. These systems have nearly complete spectroscopic coverage of candidate satellites within the projected host virial radius down to

using low-redshift gri color criteria. We have discovered a total of 25 new satellite galaxies: 14 new satellite galaxies meet our formal criteria around our complete host systems, plus 11 additional satellites in either incompletely surveyed hosts or below our formal magnitude limit. Combined with 13 previously known satellites, there are a total of 27 satellites around 8 complete Milky-Way-analog hosts. We find a wide distribution in the number of satellites per host, from 1 to 9, in the luminosity range for which there are 5 Milky Way satellites. Standard abundance matching extrapolated from higher luminosities predicts less scatter between hosts and a steeper luminosity function slope than observed. We find that the majority of satellites (26 of 27) are star-forming. These early results indicate that the Milky Way has a different satellite population than typical in our sample, potentially changing the physical interpretation of measurements based only on the Milky Way’s satellite galaxies.
The Frequency-dependent Damping of Slow Magnetoacoustic Waves in a Sunspot Umbral Atmosphere
Authors: Prasad S. Krishna , Jess D. B. , Doorsselaere T. Van , Verth G. , Morton R. J. , Fedun V. , Erdélyi R. , Christian D. J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
High spatial and temporal resolution images of a sunspot, obtained simultaneously in multiple optical and UV wavelengths, are employed to study the propagation and damping characteristics of slow magnetoacoustic waves up to transition region heights. Power spectra are generated from intensity oscillations in sunspot umbra, across multiple atmospheric heights, for frequencies up to a few hundred mHz. It is observed that the power spectra display a power-law dependence over the entire frequency range, with a significant enhancement around 5.5 mHz found for the chromospheric channels. The phase difference spectra reveal a cutoff frequency near 3 mHz, up to which the oscillations are evanescent, while those with higher frequencies propagate upward. The power-law index appears to increase with atmospheric height. Also, shorter damping lengths are observed for oscillations with higher frequencies suggesting frequency-dependent damping. Using the relative amplitudes of the 5.5 mHz (3 minute) oscillations, we estimate the energy flux at different heights, which seems to decay gradually from the photosphere, in agreement with recent numerical simulations. Furthermore, a comparison of power spectra across the umbral radius highlights an enhancement of high-frequency waves near the umbral center, which does not seem to be related to magnetic field inclination angle effects.
Radio and γ-Ray Variability in the BL Lac PKS 0219−164: Detection of Quasi-periodic Oscillations in the Radio Light Curve
Authors: Bhatta Gopal 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this work, we explore the long-term variability properties of the blazar PKS 0219−164 in the radio and the γ-ray regime, utilizing the OVRO 15 GHz and the Fermi/LAT observations from the period 2008–2017. We found that γ-ray emission is more variable than the radio emission implying that γ-ray emission possibly originated in more compact regions while the radio emission represented continuum emission from the large-scale jets. Also, in the γ-ray, the source exhibited spectral variability, characterized by the softer-when-brighter trend, a less frequently observed feature in the high-energy emission by BL Lacs. In radio, using Lomb–Scargle periodogram and weighted wavelet z-transform, we detected a strong signal of quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) with a periodicity of 270 ± 26 days with possible harmonics of 550 ± 42 and 1150 ± 157 day periods. At a time when detections of QPOs in blazars are still under debate, the observed QPO with high statistical significance (∼97%–99% global significance over underlying red-noise processes) and persistent over nearly 10 oscillations could make one of the strongest cases for the detection of QPOs in blazar light curves. We discuss various blazar models that might lead to the γ-ray and radio variability, QPO, and the achromatic behavior seen in the high-energy emission from the source.
Discovery of a Detached, Eclipsing 40 Minute Period Double White Dwarf Binary and a Friend: Implications for He+CO White Dwarf Mergers*
Authors: Brown Warren R. , Kilic Mukremin , Kosakowski Alekzander , Gianninas A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We report the discovery of two detached double white dwarf (WD) binaries, SDSS J082239.546+304857.19 and SDSS J104336.275+055149.90, with orbital periods of 40 and 46 minutes, respectively. The 40 minute system is eclipsing; it is composed of a 0.30 M
⊙ and a 0.52 M
⊙ WD. The 46 minute system is a likely LISA verification binary. The short 20 ± 2 Myr and ∼34 Myr gravitational-wave merger times of the two binaries imply that many more such systems have formed and merged over the age of the Milky Way. We update the estimated Milky Way He+CO WD binary merger rate and affirm our previously published result: He+CO WD binaries merge at a rate at least 40 times greater than the formation rate of stable mass-transfer AM CVn binaries, and so the majority must have unstable mass-transfer. The implication is that spin–orbit coupling in He+CO WD mergers is weak, or perhaps nova-like outbursts drive He+CO WDs into merger, as proposed by Shen.
The Very Low Albedo of WASP-12b from Spectral Eclipse Observations with Hubble
Authors: Bell Taylor J. , Nikolov Nikolay , Cowan Nicolas B. , Barstow Joanna K. , Barman Travis S. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Gibson Neale P. , Evans Thomas M. , Sing David K. , Knutson Heather A. , Kataria Tiffany , Lothringer Joshua D. , Benneke Björn , Schwartz Joel C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We present an optical eclipse observation of the hot Jupiter WASP-12b using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. These spectra allow us to place an upper limit of

(97.5% confidence level) on the planet’s white light geometric albedo across 290–570 nm. Using six wavelength bins across the same wavelength range also produces stringent limits on the geometric albedo for all bins. However, our uncertainties in eclipse depth are ∼40% greater than the Poisson limit and may be limited by the intrinsic variability of the Sun-like host star—the solar luminosity is known to vary at the 10−4 level on a timescale of minutes. We use our eclipse depth limits to test two previously suggested atmospheric models for this planet: Mie scattering from an aluminum-oxide haze or cloud-free Rayleigh scattering. Our stringent nondetection rules out both models and is consistent with thermal emission plus weak Rayleigh scattering from atomic hydrogen and helium. Our results are in stark contrast with those for the much cooler HD 189733b, the only other hot Jupiter with spectrally resolved reflected light observations; those data showed an increase in albedo with decreasing wavelength. The fact that the first two exoplanets with optical albedo spectra exhibit significant differences demonstrates the importance of spectrally resolved reflected light observations and highlights the great diversity among hot Jupiters.
NLRP3 and Potassium Efflux Drive Rapid IL-1β Release from Primary Human Monocytes during Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Authors: Gov Lanny , Schneider Christine A. , Lima Tatiane S. , Pandori William , Lodoen Melissa B. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
IL-1β is produced by myeloid cells and acts as a critical mediator of host defense during infection and injury. We found that the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii induced an early IL-1β response (within 4 h) in primary human peripheral blood monocytes isolated from healthy donors. This process involved upregulation of IL-1β, IL-1RN (IL-1R antagonist), and NLRP3 transcripts, de novo protein synthesis, and the release of pro- and mature IL-1β from infected primary monocytes. The released pro–IL-1β was cleavable to mature bioactive IL-1β in the extracellular space by the protease caspase-1. Treatment of primary monocytes with the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 or with extracellular potassium significantly reduced IL-1β cleavage and release in response to T. gondii infection, without affecting the release of TNF-α, and indicated a role for the inflammasome sensor NLRP3 and for potassium efflux in T. gondii–induced IL-1β production. Interestingly, T. gondii infection did not induce an IL-1β response in primary human macrophages derived from the same blood donors as the monocytes. Consistent with this finding, NLRP3 was downregulated during the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages and was not induced in macrophages during T. gondii infection. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to identify NLRP3 as an inflammasome sensor for T. gondii in primary human peripheral blood cells and to define an upstream regulator of its activation through the release of intracellular potassium.
T Cells Regulate Peripheral Naive Mature B Cell Survival by Cell–Cell Contact Mediated through SLAMF6 and SAP
Authors: Radomir Lihi , Cohen Sivan , Kramer Matthias P. , Bakos Eszter , Lewinsky Hadas , Barak Avital , Porat Ziv , Bucala Richard , Stepensky Polina , Becker-Herman Shirly , Shachar Idit 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The control of lymphoid homeostasis is the result of a very fine balance between lymphocyte production, proliferation, and apoptosis. In this study, we focused on the role of T cells in the maintenance/survival of the mature naive peripheral B cell population. We show that naive B and T cells interact via the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family receptor, SLAMF6. This interaction induces cell type–specific signals in both cell types, mediated by the SLAM-associated protein (SAP) family of adaptors. This signaling results in an upregulation of the expression of the cytokine migration inhibitory factor in the T cells and augmented expression of its receptor CD74 on the B cell counterparts, consequently enhancing B cell survival. Furthermore, in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease patients, SAP deficiency reduces CD74 expression, resulting in the perturbation of B cell maintenance from the naive stage. Thus, naive T cells regulate B cell survival in a SLAMF6- and SAP-dependent manner.
Enhancing Vaccine Efficacy by Engineering a Complex Synthetic Peptide To Become a Super Immunogen
Authors: Nordström Therése , Pandey Manisha , Calcutt Ainslie , Powell Jessica , Phillips Zachary N. , Yeung Grace , Giddam Ashwini K. , Shi Yun , Haselhorst Thomas , von Itzstein Mark , Batzloff Michael R. , Good Michael F. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Peptides offer enormous promise as vaccines to prevent and protect against many infectious and noninfectious diseases. However, to date, limited vaccine efficacy has been reported and none have been licensed for human use. Innovative ways to enhance their immunogenicity are being tested, but rational sequence modification as a means to improve immune responsiveness has been neglected. Our objective was to establish a two-step generic protocol to modify defined amino acids of a helical peptide epitope to create a superior immunogen. Peptide variants of p145, a conserved helical peptide epitope from the M protein of Streptococcus pyogenes, were designed by exchanging one amino acid at a time, without altering their α-helical structure, which is required for correct antigenicity. The immunogenicities of new peptides were assessed in outbred mice. Vaccine efficacy was assessed in a skin challenge and invasive disease model. Out of 86 variants of p145, seven amino acid substitutions were selected and made the basis of the design for 18 new peptides. Of these, 13 were more immunogenic than p145; 7 induced Abs with significantly higher affinity for p145 than Abs induced by p145 itself; and 1 peptide induced more than 10,000-fold greater protection following challenge than the parent peptide. This peptide also only required a single immunization (compared with three immunizations with the parent peptide) to induce complete protection against invasive streptococcal disease. This study defines a strategy to rationally improve the immunogenicity of peptides and will have broad applicability to the development of vaccines for infectious and noninfectious diseases.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients with Stage III Colon Cancer: Results from a CDC-NPCR patterns of care study
Authors:   Care(PoC1) Study Group, Cress Rosemary D. , Sabatino Susan A. , Wu Xiao-Cheng , Schymura Maria J. , Rycroft Randi , Stuckart Erik , Fulton John , Shen Tiefu 
Published: September 2017

Objective To evaluate adjuvant chemotherapy use for Stage III colon cancer. Methods This analysis included 973 patients with surgically treated stage III colon cancer. Socioeconomic information from the 2000 census was linked to patients’ residential census tracts. Vital status through 12/31/02 was obtained from medical records and linkage to state vital statistics files and the National Death Index. Results Adjuvant chemotherapy was received by 67%. Treatment varied by state of residence, with Colorado, Rhode Island and New York residents more likely to receive chemotherapy than Louisiana residents. Older age, increasing comorbidities, divorced/widowed marital status, and residence in lower education areas or non-working class neighborhoods were associated with lower chemotherapy use. Survival varied by state but after adjustment for sex, sociodemographic and health factors, was significantly higher only for California and Rhode Island. Older age and lower educational attainment were associated with lower survival. Chemotherapy was protective for all comorbidity groups. Conclusion Although adjuvant chemotherapy for Stage III colon cancer improves survival, some patients did not receive standard of care, demonstrating the need for cancer treatment surveillance. Interstate differences likely resulted from differences in local practice patterns, acceptance of treatment, and access.
Single Agent Irinotecan for the Treatment of Metastatic or Recurrent Squamous Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (SCCHN)
Authors: Gilbert J , Dang T , Cmelak A , Shyr Y , Netterville J , Burkey B , Chung Ch , Ikpeazu E , Murphy Ba 
Published: September 2017

Background Patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (HNC) have a poor response and survival with currently available chemotherapy agents. Thus new agents are needed. We report the results of a phase II trial of irinotecan in patients with metastatic or recurrent HNC. Patients and Methods Chemonaive patients were treated with irinotecan 125 mg/m2 on a weekly schedule for four weeks, followed by a two week rest. However, due to excessive toxicity, the dose and schedule of irinotecan was changed to 75 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of a 21 day cycle. All previously treated patients received 75 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of a 21 day cycle. Results Forty-nine patients were enrolled on study. The response rate was 20% in the chemonaive patients treated at the 125 mg/m2 dose. The response rate decreased to 12.5% at the 75 mg/m2 dose. In the previously treated cohort, the response rate was 20%. Median survival for the chemonaive and previously treated cohorts were 6.7 months and 5.0 months, respectively. Conclusions Irinotecan has modest activity in chemonaive and previously treated HNC, thus it merits further study in this advanced disease population.
Primary Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma of the Thoracic Spinal Epidural Space: A Case Report
Authors: Yamamoto Yasuhiro , Washimi Osuke , Ishimura Daisuke , Yamada Harumoto , Kuroda Makoto , Matsubara Masatake , Yonekawa Masahiro , Uchibori Mitsutosi 
Published: September 2017

Cases of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) originating primarily within the spinal epidural space, are very rare and have a very poor prognosis. There is no standard therapy for this disease. We report the case of a 23-year-old man presenting with symptoms of back pain and numbness of both legs for 10 days. Imaging studies revealed a dorsal soft-tissue, extradural mass at the T8–9 vertebral level. The patient underwent a laminectomy and complete excision of the tumor. The EES diagnosis was confirmed by histologic analysis including immunohistochemistry and by presence of the EWS-ERG due to the t (21: 22) (q22: q12) chromosomal translocation by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This is the first report of spinal epidural EES with presence of the EWS-ERG fusion transcript. Post-operatively, the patient received aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. At 63 months after surgery, the patient is without clinical or radiological evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease. Early discovery of EES and a complete resection followed by the aggressive treatment with radiation and chemotherapy may improve disease-free and overall survival.
Primary MALT Type Skin Lymphoma—Is ‘Wait and See’ a Possible Strategy?
Authors: Delli Florentina Silvia , Zaraboukas Thomas , Mandekou-Lefaki Ioanna 
Published: September 2017

Primary cutaneous lymphomas are the second most common site of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A specifically type named extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas are indolent low-grade neoplasma. We report a case of a 42-year-old white man with multiple subcutaneous tumors located on the trunk and neck. The histopathological exam showed a non-epidermotropic, dense lymphocytic infiltrate. Histologic, immunohistochemical and cytologenetic analysis diagnosed primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma MALT type. Investigation for other extranodal MALT lymphoma gastrointestinal tract, lung, salivary and thyroid glands was negative. The patient refused radiotherapy, but he accepted every 6 months close follow-up. Over a seven years period, we noticed a progressively disappearance of the skin lesions. The necessity of aggressive treatment of this disease with excellent prognosis is discussed. The treatment necessity of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma MALT type is discussed.
Signal Transduction Involving the Dmp1 Transcription Factor and its Alteration in Human Cancer
Authors: Sugiyama Takayuki , Frazier Donna P. , Taneja Pankaj , Kendig Robert D. , Morgan Rachel L. , Matise Lauren A. , Lagedrost Sarah J. , Inoue Kazushi 
Published: September 2017

Summary Dmp1 (cyclin D-interacting myb-like protein 1; also called Dmtf1) is a transcription factor that has been isolated in a yeast two-hybrid screen through its binding property to cyclin D2. Dmp1 directly binds to and activates the Arf promoter and induces Arf-p53-dependent cell cycle arrest in primary cells. D-type cyclins usually inhibit Dmp1-mediated transcription in a Cdk-independent fashion; however, Dmp1 shows synergistic effects with D-cyclins on the Arf promoter. Ras or Myc oncogene-induced tumor formation is accelerated in both Dmp1+/- and Dmp1-/- mice with no significant differences between Dmp1+/- and Dmp1-/-. Thus, Dmp1 is haplo-insufficient for tumor suppression. Tumors from Dmp1-/- or Dmp1+/- mice often retain wild-type Arf and p53, suggesting that Dmp1 is a physiological regulator of the Arf-p53 pathway. The Dmp1 promoter is activated by oncogenic Ras-Raf signaling, while it is repressed by physiological mitogenic stimuli, overexpression of E2F proteins, and genotoxic stimuli mediated by NF-κB. The human DMP1 gene (h DMP1) is located on chromosome 7q21 and is hemizygously deleted in approximately 40% of human lung cancers, especially those that retain normal INK4a/ARF and P53 loci. Thus, h DMP1 is clearly involved in human carcinogenesis, and tumors with h DMP1 deletion may constitute a discrete disease entity.