bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ergonomía en enfermedad crónica
Authors: GONZALEZ-BERNAL JERONIMO , GONZALEZ-SANTOS JOSEFA , De la Fuente-Anuncibay Raquel , Sánchez Iglesias Ana Isabel 
Published: June 2016

La Ergonomía como disciplina trata de llevar a cabo una serie de principios que permitan desarrollar las actividades de la vida diaria, de la forma menos gravosa para las personas con afecciones crónicas. Poder participar de su vida de una forma más normalizada conduce a que los usuarios disfruten de una mejora en su calidad de vida. Partimos de la idea de un modelo en el que se propone que la conservación de la propia energía es útil para personas que padecen una enfermedad crónica o para cualquier persona que desee rendir más con un esfuerzo menor.Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio piloto, implementando un programa de ejercicio físico en una residencia pública, realizando una valoración funcional inicial y final. Las patologías más frecuentes, susceptibles de intervención desde este modelo son: rizartrosis, artrosis, artritis reumatoide, esclerosis múltiple, fatigas crónicas. El modelo propone una serie de principios como: tomar frecuentes descansos; priorizar actividades; planificación anticipada; establecer un ritmo más lento y constante para actividades pesadas; utilizar el espacio eficientemente; adoptar posturas correctas; utilizar un equipo adaptado y hacer ejercicio moderado continuo.Los resultados indican mejorías en general, y significativa en el cuestionario de actividad física; los principios aplicados son muy útiles para personas sin patología, y muy apropiados para personas mayores de 65 años. Palabras claves Ergonomía, artrosis, artritis, síndrome del túnel carpiano, ejercicio físico
ARTE Y FOTOGRAFÍA ÁNALOGICO-DIGITAL, HERRAMIENTAS DE INTERVENCIÓN SOCIAL Y EMPODERAMIENTO PARA PERSONAS CON DEMENCIA TIPO ALZHÉIMER.
Authors: López Méndez Lorena 
Published: June 2016

Esta propuesta forma parte del proyecto de investigación “Reconstruyendo fragmentos cotidianos: Elaboración de contenidos digitales de ámbito cultural para personas con Alzhéimer y otras Demencias” que se está realizando al amparo de la Beca Predoctoral PIRTU (ORDEN EDU/1204/2010, de 26 de Agosto), financiada por la Junta de Castilla y León y el Fondo Social Europeo. Dicha investigación forma parte del Proyecto AR.S (Arte y Salud Alzhéimer), forman parte, el Departamento de Psicología Social y Antropología de la Universidad de Salamanca y el Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Plástica de la Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. El proyecto consiste en el diseño e implementación de actividades artístico-educativas y contenidos digitales, en colaboración con el Centro de Referencia Estatal de Atención a Personas con Enfermedad de Alzheimer y otras Demencias de Salamanca (CRE), que se publicarán a modo de guía en el espacio virtual que cuentan en su web, para que puedan ser empleadas por cuidadores y familiares para trabajar con este perfil de personas, mejorando de esta manera su bienestar y calidad de vida.Presentamos una serie actividades de implementación del proyecto en las que se acerca la Cultura digital a los participantes a través del Arte y la Tecnología, como herramientas para entender conceptos analógicos y digitales, mediante procesos de creación contemporáneos, con el objetivo de contribuir al disfrute, el juego y la experimentación, de manera que puedan desarrollar su propio proyecto de naturaleza artística y asociar conceptos de la cultura analógica con la digital.
CONTRATO PSICOLÓGICO NA RELAÇÃO PROFESSOR-ALUNO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Magno Lopes José Manuel , Vicente Castro Florencio 
Published: June 2016

O processo de ensino-aprendizagem não se constitui de modo fragmentado ou dissociado das relações pessoais e afetivas. Neste domínio, a relação entre o Professor-Aluno é basilar na edificação do ser humano/cidadão ao relacionar processos cognitivos com práticas psicossociais num tempo dinâmico, num espaço multidimensional, onde a ação ocorre e sob influência de vários quadrantes nem sempre percebida por todos ou, pela menos, sob os mesmos arquétipos. Quando assim acontece algo ocorre num quadro mental individual com o propósito de atribuir um significado e sentido orientador ao comportamento para que o sujeito volte ao seu estado de equilíbrio. Com o presente artigo é nosso propósito contribuir para o desenvolvimento da investigação acerca da relação psicossocial entre Professor-Aluno.Os dados foram obtidos através de dois questionários destinados um aos professores, e outro aos alunos do ensino superior público. Por meio da análise de conteúdo foi possível a elaboração de quadros de referência de resultados tratados com recurso à aplicação NVivo 10, bem como fórmulas e rotinas implementadas em Visual Basic.Conclui-se que existem discrepâncias entre o que os alunos e professores mais valorizam, dentro do quadro mental de perceções da atuação de uns em relação aos outros.Perceberam-se, desde logo, discrepâncias entre o que os professores e alunos mais valorizam, dentro do quadro mental de perceções da atuação de uns em relação aos outros. Foi, igualmente, possível comprovar que, tendencialmente, o contrato psicológico, pela sua natureza e caraterísticas, pode ser elemento estabilizador na relação Professor-Aluno ao amplificar o grau de confiança, a perceção de justiça, a clareza na comunicação e o comprometimento afetivo.
SENSEMAKING E CURA DEL DIABETE: MAPPE COGNITIVE DI MEDICI E PAZIENTI A CONFRONTO
Authors: Presutti Michelle , Soro Giorgio , Cnapich Giulia , Giordano Sara 
Published: June 2016

Karl Weick, esponente del cognitivismo costruttivista, considera il sensemaking come un insieme di processi cognitivi in continua costruzione, a posteriori, di significati e di senso della realtà in cui viviamo.Il sensemaking è un processo continuo di creazione di senso quotidiano: le persone percepiscono selettivamente le informazioni su sé stessi e sull’ambiente in cui vivono, tali informazioni vengono elaborate cognitivamente attraverso un processo di selezione e ritenzione in memoria delle mappe cognitive costruite.Pertanto il sensemaking costituisce un’appropriata chiave di lettura dei fenomeni comportamentali in cui sono in gioco le rappresentazioni di un problema, soprattutto quando è di estrema necessità trovare punti di contatto in merito ai rapporti causali tra gli elementi che costituiscono le diverse mappe cognitive degli individui che ne prendono parte. L’analisi delle mappe cognitive può essere utile soprattutto al fine di individuare e condividere con maggiore chiarezza quali potrebbero essere le strade per un corretto ed efficace intervento risolutivo o di trattamento del problema.Dare senso alla malattia significa, sia per il medico che per il paziente, organizzare una mappa cognitiva (connessioni causali di elementi di significato) della realtà (della malattia) in un processo continuo di esperienza.Un flusso continuo che a partire da una percezione soggettivamente selettiva degli elementi disponibili (conoscenze, esperienze, eventi,etc.), organizza tali elementi in una mappa e li traduce in uno schema operativo di comportamento. Secondo Weick la realtà individuale si costruisce, mentre l’ambiente, il contesto, sono costruiti a priori.Le mappe cognitive che gli individui costruiscono influenzeranno le successive esperienze che si troveranno a dover fronteggiare nell’ambito dello stesso problema, in questo caso inerenti alla malattia diabetica.L’utilizzo del sensemaking applicato all’analisi dei processi di cura, pertanto, può diventare utile in particolare nei contesti di trattamento in cui la compliance e l’aderenza alle cure costituisce un fattore determinante nella gestione della patologia cronica, che prevede un modello di rapporto medico- paziente protratto nel tempo e centrato sulla possibilità di confronto rispetto alle modalità di cura e riuscita della stessa.La ricerca si è proposta pertanto di indagare attarverso la somminisrazione di interviste a medici e pazienti e attarverso al successiva analisi del testo e delle ricorrenze lingusitiche elaborate attraverso appositi software di ricostruire e mettere a confronto le rispettive mappe cognitive che stanno alla base delle rappresentazioni della malattia e della sua gestione e quindi dei comportamenti conseguenti di chi cura e di chi è curato.
LA LECTURA EN VISTA DE LOS ALUMNOS CON DIVERSIDAD FUNCIONAL VISUAL. CARACTERÍSTICAS E INTERVENCIÓN EDUCATIVA
Authors: Santos Plaza Carlos Manuel , Del Campo Adrián Mª Elena , Vicente Castro Florencio 
Published: June 2016

Se presentan las conclusiones de la investigación, en la que se ha venido trabajando en los últimos años, con el objetivo de conocer mejor las características diferenciales de la lectura en vista en alumnos con baja visión, y la intervención educativa para optimizar el acceso a la información.Se inició la investigación con la aplicación de un programa para incrementar la eficiencia lectora en un caso de hemianopsia heterónima bitemporal. A continuación se realizó un estudio exploratorio de la práctica lectora de los estudiantes con baja visión que utilizaban como código primario de lectoescritura la vista en la Educación Secundaria. La mayoría presentaba lectura monocular, distancia reducida y no precisaban ayudas ópticas. La eficiencia lectora presentaba: gran desviación típica, velocidad lenta, baja comprensión y dificultades en el reconocimiento de palabras.A pesar de las dificultades descritas y la evidente necesidad de mejorar la eficiencia lectora de muchos alumnos deficientes visuales existe poco material específico que permita a los profesionales abordar esta tarea con las suficientes garantías. En el Programa de Optimización de la Eficiencia Lectora de alumnos con baja visión (EFILECT), se ha propuesto una intervención basada en tres procedimientos: el método de “lecturas repetidas”, la lectura conjunta y las técnicas de lectura rápida. Los resultados obtenidos con su aplicación han mostrado una mejora considerable en todos los procesos lectores.Los profesores de los estudiantes con discapacidad visual son los responsables de asegurar que los estudiantes con baja visión obtienen las estrategias de lectura y escritura necesarias para el aprendizaje, la vida y el trabajo. Si no se apoya adecuadamente en el aprendizaje de las destrezas lectoras, o se asume que este proceso se producirá de forma natural, los estudiantes con baja visión correrán el riesgo de presentar un nivel de desarrollo lector marginal y tendrán una desventaja significativa en la escuela y en la vida.
Estabilización anaerobia mesofílica y termofílica de lodos activados provenientes de la industria cervecera
Authors: Rincón Ramírez Maribet , Rincón Lizardo Nancy , Araujo Vílches Ismenia , Díaz Montiel Altamira , Mata Álvarez Joan 
Published: June 2016

En esta investigación, se evaluó la degradación de lodos activados provenientes de una industria cervecera ubicada en el Estado Zulia (Venezuela) bajo condiciones mesofílicas (CM), a 37º C y condiciones termofílicas (CT), a 55º C mediante el uso de un digestor anaerobio de crecimiento suspendido y mezcla completa de 3,5 L, que trabajó con flujo discontinuo. Se evaluaron tiempos de retención hidráulicos (TRH), de 30, 25 y 15 días. Las mayores remociones se obtuvieron al aplicar la carga orgánica volumétrica (COV), de 1 kg DQO m3 /d (TRH de 30 días), en la cual se removió el 32% de la DQOtotal, 10% de sólidos totales (ST), y 29% de sólidos volátiles (SV), para la CM y 59%, 32% y 43% para DQOtotal, ST y SV respectivamente en la CT. La concentración de metano en el biogás estuvo cerca al 60% para ambas condiciones, y la concentración de ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV) se mantuvo siempre menor a 35 mg/L, indicando que toda la DQO acidificada fue transformada a metano.
Functional and Cognitive Impairment, Frailty, and Adverse Health Outcomes in Older Patients Reaching ESRD—A Systematic Review
Authors: Kallenberg Marije H. , Kleinveld Hilda A. , Dekker Friedo W. , van Munster Barbara C. , Rabelink Ton J. , van Buren Marjolijn , Mooijaart Simon P. 
Published: June 2016

Background and objectives
Older patients reaching ESRD have a higher risk of adverse health outcomes. We aimed to determine the association of functional and cognitive impairment and frailty with adverse health outcomes in patients reaching ESRD. Understanding these associations could ultimately lead to prediction models to guide tailored treatment decisions or preventive interventions.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and COCHRANE for original studies published until February 8, 2016 reporting on the association of functional or cognitive impairment or frailty with adverse health outcome after follow-up in patients reaching ESRD either with or without RRT.

Results
Of 7451 identified citations, we included 30 articles that reported on 35 associations. Mean age was >60 years old in 73% of the studies, and geriatric conditions were highly prevalent. Twenty-four studies (80%) reported on functional impairment, seven (23%) reported on cognitive impairment, and four (13%) reported on frailty. Mortality was the main outcome measure in 29 studies (97%), and one study assessed functional status trajectory. In 34 of 35 (97%) associations reported, functional or cognitive impairment or frailty was significantly and independently associated with adverse health outcomes. The majority of studies (83%) were conducted in selected patient populations, mainly patients on incident dialysis.

Conclusions
Functional and cognitive impairment and frailty in patients reaching ESRD are highly prevalent and strongly and independently associated with adverse health outcomes, and they may, therefore, be useful for risk stratification. More research into their prognostic value is needed.
Transtentorial transcollateral sulcus approach to the ventricular atrium: an endoscope-assisted anatomical study
Authors: Jeelani Yasser , Gokoglu Abdulkerim , Anor Tomer , Al-Mefty Ossama , Cohen Alan R. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
Conventional approaches to the atrium of the lateral ventricle may be associated with complications related to direct cortical injury or brain retraction. The authors describe a novel approach to the atrium through a retrosigmoid transtentorial transcollateral sulcus corridor.

METHODS
Bilateral retrosigmoid craniotomies were performed on 4 formalin-fixed, colored latex–injected human cadaver heads (a total of 8 approaches). Microsurgical dissections were performed under 3× to 24× magnification, and endoscopic visualization was provided by 0° and 30° rigid endoscope lens systems. Image guidance was provided by coupling an electromagnetic tracking system with an open source software platform. Objective measurements on cortical thickness traversed and total depth of exposure were recorded. Additionally, the basal occipitotemporal surfaces of 10 separate cerebral hemisphere specimens were examined to define the surface topography of sulci and gyri, with attention to the appearance and anatomical patterns and variations of the collateral sulcus and the surrounding gyri.

RESULTS
The retrosigmoid approach allowed for clear visualization of the basal occipitotemporal surface. The collateral sulcus was identified and permitted easy endoscopic access to the ventricular atrium. The conical corridor thus obtained provided an average base working area of 3.9 cm2 at an average depth of 4.5 cm. The mean cortical thickness traversed to enter the ventricle was 1.4 cm. The intraventricular anatomy of the ipsilateral ventricle was defined clearly in all 8 exposures in this manner. The anatomy of the basal occipitotemporal surface, observed in a total of 18 hemispheres, showed a consistent pattern, with the collateral sulcus abutted by the parahippocampal gyrus medially, and the fusiform and lingual gyrus laterally. The collateral sulcus was found to be caudally bifurcated in 14 of the 18 specimens.

CONCLUSIONS
The retrosigmoid supracerebellar transtentorial transcollateral sulcus approach is technically feasible. This approach has the potential advantage of providing a short and direct path to the atrium, hence avoiding violation of deep neurovascular structures and preserving eloquent areas. Although this approach appears unconventional, it may provide a minimally invasive option for the surgical management of selected lesions within the atrium of the lateral ventricle.
Radiation exposure in spine surgery using an image-guided system based on intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography: analysis of 107 consecutive cases
Authors: Costa Francesco , Tosi Giovanni , Attuati Luca , Cardia Andrea , Ortolina Alessandro , Grimaldi Marco , Galbusera Fabio , Fornari Maurizio 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
The O-arm system in spine surgery allows greater accuracy, lower rate of screw misplacement, and reduced surgical time. Some concerns have been postulated regarding the radiation doses to patients and surgeons. To the best of the authors' knowledge, most of the studies in the literature were performed with the use of phantoms. The authors present data regarding radiation exposure of the surgeon and operating room (OR) staff in a consecutive series of patients undergoing spine surgery.

METHODS
Radiation exposure data were collected in a series of 107 patients who underwent spine surgery using the O-arm system. The doses received by the surgeon and the staff were collected using electronic dosimeters.

RESULTS
All patients underwent 1–3 scans. The mean radiation dose to the patients was 5.15 mSv (range 1.48–7.64 mSv). The mean dose registered for the scan operator was 0.005 μSv (range 0.00–0.03 μSv) while the other members of the surgical team positioned outside the OR received 0 μSv.

CONCLUSIONS
The O-arm system exposes patients to a higher radiation dose than standard fluoroscopy. However, considering the clear advantages of this system, this adjunctive dose can be considered acceptable. Moreover, the effective dose to the patient can be reduced using collimation or minimizing the parameters of the O-arm system used in this paper. The exposure to operators is essentially negligible when radioprotective garments and protocols are adopted as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.
Single-unit analysis of the human posterior hypothalamus and red nucleus during deep brain stimulation for aggressivity
Authors: Micieli Robert , Rios Adriana Lucia Lopez , Aguilar Ricardo Plata , Posada Luis Fernando Botero , Hutchison William D. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the posterior hypothalamus (PH) has been reported to be effective for aggressive behavior in a number of isolated cases. Few of these case studies have analyzed single-unit recordings in the human PH and none have quantitatively analyzed single units in the red nucleus (RN). The authors report on the properties of ongoing neuronal discharges in bilateral trajectories targeting the PH and the effectiveness of DBS of the PH as a treatment for aggressive behavior.

METHODS
DBS electrodes were surgically implanted in the PH of 1 awake patient with Sotos syndrome and 3 other anesthetized patients with treatment-resistant aggressivity. Intraoperative extracellular recordings were obtained from the ventral thalamus, PH, and RN and analyzed offline to discriminate single units and measure firing rates and firing patterns. Target location was based on the stereotactic coordinates used by Sano et al. in their 1970 study and the location of the dorsal border of the RN.

RESULTS
A total of 138 units were analyzed from the 4 patients. Most of the PH units had a slow, irregular discharge (mean [± SD] 4.5 ± 2.7 Hz, n = 68) but some units also had a higher discharge rate (16.7 ± 4.7 Hz, n = 15). Two populations of neurons were observed in the ventral thalamic region as well, one with a high firing rate (mean 16.5 ± 6.5 Hz, n = 5) and one with a low firing rate (mean 4.6 ± 2.8 Hz, n = 6). RN units had a regular firing rate with a mean of 20.4 ± 9.9 Hz and displayed periods of oscillatory activity in the beta range. PH units displayed a prolonged period of inhibition following microstimulation compared with RN units that were not inhibited. Patients under anesthesia showed a trend for lower firing rates in the PH but not in the RN. All 4 patients displayed a reduction in their aggressive behavior after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
During PH DBS, microelectrode recordings can provide an additional mechanism to help identify the PH target and surrounding structures to be avoided such as the RN. PH units can be distinguished from ventral thalamic units based on their response to focal microstimulation. The RN has a characteristic higher firing rate and a pattern of beta oscillations in the spike trains. The effect of the anesthetic administered should be considered when using microelectrode recordings. The results of this study, along with previous reports, suggest that PH DBS may be an effective treatment for aggression.
Incidence of intraoperative seizures during motor evoked potential monitoring in a large cohort of patients undergoing different surgical procedures
Authors: Ulkatan Sedat , Jaramillo Ana Maria , Téllez Maria J. , Kim Jinu , Deletis Vedran , Seidel Kathleen 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of seizures during the intraoperative monitoring of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by electrical brain stimulation in a wide spectrum of surgeries such as those of the orthopedic spine, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, interventional radiology procedures, and craniotomies for supra- and infratentorial tumors and vascular lesions.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively analyzed data from 4179 consecutive patients who underwent surgery or an interventional radiology procedure with MEP monitoring.

RESULTS
Of 4179 patients, only 32 (0.8%) had 1 or more intraoperative seizures. The incidence of seizures in cranial procedures, including craniotomies and interventional neuroradiology, was 1.8%. In craniotomies in which transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) was applied to elicit MEPs, the incidence of seizures was 0.7% (6/850). When direct cortical stimulation was additionally applied, the incidence of seizures increased to 5.4% (23/422). Patients undergoing craniotomies for the excision of extraaxial brain tumors, particularly meningiomas (15 patients), exhibited the highest risk of developing an intraoperative seizure (16 patients). The incidence of seizures in orthopedic spine surgeries was 0.2% (3/1664). None of the patients who underwent surgery for conditions of the spinal cord, neck, or peripheral nerves or who underwent cranial or noncranial interventional radiology procedures had intraoperative seizures elicited by TES during MEP monitoring.

CONCLUSIONS
In this largest such study to date, the authors report the incidence of intraoperative seizures in patients who underwent MEP monitoring during a wide spectrum of surgeries such as those of the orthopedic spine, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, interventional radiology procedures, and craniotomies for supra- and infratentorial tumors and vascular lesions. The low incidence of seizures induced by electrical brain stimulation, particularly short-train TES, demonstrates that MEP monitoring is a safe technique that should not be avoided due to the risk of inducing seizures.