bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollen source affects acorn production in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)
Authors: McClory Ryan , Ellis Richard H. , Lukac Martin , Clark Jo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcorn production in oaks (Quercus spp.) shows considerable inter-annual variation, known as masting. The effects of pollen sourced from trees within or outside the stand on acorn production were investigated in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in an ancient mixed woodland during two moderate masting years. Comparisons were made between natural pollination, hand pollinations with out-of-stand pollen, in-stand pollen or a 1:1 combination of the two pollen sources, and for bagged flowers left unpollinated. After all treatments, > 85% of the flowers or developing acorns were aborted between May and August of both years. When flowers were protected with pollen bags and no pollen added, no acorns were produced. In contrast, hand pollination with out-of-stand pollen produced the most acorns both years and significantly more than within-stand pollen or natural pollination in 2022. Hand pollination with out-of-stand or within-stand pollen provided significantly more acorns than natural pollination in 2023. In 2022, hand pollination with a 1:1 mixture of out-of-stand and within-stand pollen yielded an intermediate number of mature acorns between those for the out-of-stand and within-stand pollination treatments. The study provides clear evidence of maternal choice during acorn development in pedunculate oak and of the benefits of pollen supplementation. It also confirms that pedunculate oak is a fruit-maturation masting species; abortion of pollinated flowers and immature acorns determines a mast year (rather than the number of flowers produced) at this site.
Laxative Properties of Microencapsulated Oleic Acid Delivered to the Distal Small Intestine in Patients with Constipation after Bariatric Surgery or Treatment with Glucagon-Like- Peptide 1 Analogues
Authors: Al-Humadi Ahmed W. , Al-Najim Werd , Bleiel Sinead , le Roux Carel W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Constipation is prevalent after bariatric surgery and glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues. Increasing fat content in the distal small intestine and colon can enhance colonic peristalsis, potentially alleviating symptoms of constipation.

Aim
We investigated whether oleic acid can ameliorate constipation in patients undergoing bariatric surgery or receiving GLP-1 analogues.

Methodology
Fourteen adults with chronic constipation according to Rome IV criteria following bariatric surgery or GLP-1 analogues were on stable treatment for constipation for more than 4 weeks. This randomized double-blind crossover trial compared microcapsules containing 21.25 g of oleic acid delivered in the distal small intestine or the stomach. The primary outcome was changed in the number of bowel motions over 24 h. Exploratory endpoints included alterations in straining, diarrhoea, faecal leakage over 24 h and hunger, fullness, nausea and calorie intake for the 3 h after ingesting the microcapsules.

Findings
Receiving oleic acid into the distal small intestine increased number of bowel movements per day (2.5 vs 1.1, p = 0.009) and caused softer stool consistency (p = 0.03). 9/14 of the control group passed motions and 13/14 of the intervention group passed motions in 24 h (p = 0.059). No significant differences were observed in straining (p = 0.65), rapid bowel movements (p = 0.08), accidental leakage (p = 0.32), hunger, fullness, nausea or food intake between the groups (all p > 0.05). There were no disparities in safety profile between groups.

Conclusion
Microcapsules containing oleic acid delivered to the distal small intestine appear to be a safe and effective relief from chronic constipation in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and/or receiving GLP-1 analogues.

Graphical Abstract
The environmental performance of zero-emission buildings in a fossil-free energy system
Authors: Jonasson Jonas , Faith-Ell Charlotta , Carlman Inga , Englund Oskar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBuildings can play an important role in reducing GHG emissions through increased energy efficiency. The European Commission mandates that all new buildings should be “zero emission buildings” (ZEB), aiming at a zero GHG emission building stock by 2050. The extent to which ZEB can contribute to reduced GHG emissions, however, varies between countries, due to different energy systems. It is also important to consider other environmental effects to avoid that climate benefits come with unintended consequences. Here, we explore the life-cycle environmental performance for a ZEB in a case where electricity and heating are largely fossil-free. The assessment concentrates on i) environmental impact of the use stage in relation to the product stage, ii) the interrelation between different energy sources, with focus on household electricity, and iii) the performance for more impact categories than primary energy use and climate change. While our results generally support the use of ZEBs from an environmental perspective, they also show that the climate benefit in this setting is marginal. However, given that energy systems are connected and energy savings in one place can reduce the demand for fossil energy elsewhere, the climate benefit of ZEBs is likely underestimated. Besides methodological implications for future studies, this indicates that current EU policy is promising, as incentives for implementation of ZEBs are unaffected by domestic effects.
PCMT1 as a prognostic marker in breast cancer
Authors: Rogaczewski Patryk , Janiak Michał , Borowczak Jędrzej , Szylberg Łukasz 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive cancers in women, therefore it is necessary to determine novel prognostic markers to estimate survival and advancement the treatment of the disease. Recently, PCMT1, a protein mediating TNBC immune infiltration, has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the relationship between PCMT1 protein overexpression as a prognostic indicator for patients with TNBC cancer and patient survival.

Materials and methods
The study included 64 samples collected from 64 TNBC patients. We used the ImageJ software with the IHC Profiler driver for image analysis. To improve the reliability of the results, we expanded the analysis by including The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort.

Results
We observed strong PCMT1 immunoreactivity in breast cancer samples and PCMT1 expression in TNBC was significantly higher than in the control group. Patients with high PCMT1 expression had a significantly lower overall survival rate (60.62% vs. 90.35%, respectively) than patients with low PCMT1 expression. In our study and TCGA groups, PCMT1 expression did not correlate with lymph node involvement and distant metastases but correlated with tumor stage. The results obtained in a larger TCGA group are consistent with those in our research group. Overexpression of PCMT1 was a prognostic marker of shorter survival in patients with TNBC.

Conclusions
The overexpression of the PCMT1 protein in triple negative breast cancer significantly correlated with shorter overall survival. The confirmed association could be a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with TNBC.
The Role of Teachers in Fostering Resilience After a Disaster in Indonesia
Authors: Parrott Elinor , Lomeli-Rodriguez Martha , Burgess Rochelle , Rahman Alfi , Direzkia Yulia , Joffe Helene 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDisasters are distressing and disorientating. They often result in enduring community-wide devastation. Consequently, young people may seek support from trusted adults to scaffold their emotional responses and to support their psychosocial recovery. An important non-familial adult in a student’s life is their teacher. However, few studies have examined teachers’ perspectives on the support they provide to students after exposure to disasters, such as earthquakes and tsunamis, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) with collectivistic cultural orientations. Given the potential for teachers to foster students’ resilience, the goal of this study was to examine how teachers conceptualise their role following a major disaster. Forty teachers were interviewed from three schools in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, after a major earthquake and tsunami in September 2018. Thematic analysis shows that teachers act as agents of community resilience after a disaster. The two themes presented converge on support-based aspects. Teachers provided: (1) psychoeducational support (i.e. supporting students’ well-being and educational continuity, including encouraging their return to school) and (2) practical support (i.e. assisting administrative roles, aid distribution and disaster risk reduction). Within these themes, socioculturally specific practices are elucidated, including the Indonesian value of mutual assistance (‘gotong royong’), storytelling (‘tutura’) and the role of religiosity as a form of psychosocial support. Overall, our results highlight the capacity and willingness of teachers to play a central role in the psychosocial recovery of students and their families, contributing to community resilience. We identify implications such as the importance of providing accessible psychological training and support for teachers.
Serological and Molecular Survey of Hepatitis E Virus in Small Ruminants from Central Portugal
Authors: Santos-Silva Sérgio , Romalde Jesús L. , Bento Jaqueline T. , Cruz Andreia V. S. , López-López Pedro , Gonçalves Helena M. R. , Van der Poel Wim H. M. , Nascimento Maria S. J. , Rivero-Juarez António , Mesquita João R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is currently recognized as an emerging problem and a growing concern for public health in developed countries, with HEV infections mainly attributable to foodborne transmission of HEV-3. The zoonotic HEV genotype 3 infects a wide range of mammalian hosts, with swine considered as the primary host. This study investigates the occurrence of HEV among small ruminants in Portugal. The primary aim of the present research was to evaluate the circulation and the potential for HEV infection among sheep and goats. A total of 400 bile samples and 493 blood samples were collected from sheep and goats at a slaughterhouse in the center region of Portugal, between January 2022 and March 2023. The HEV RNA detection in bile samples was performed using a nested broad-spectrum RT-PCR targeting the ORF1 region. Serological analysis to detect anti-HEV antibodies was conducted using a commercial double-antigen sandwich multi-species ELISA. The HEV RNA was not detected in any bile samples using the nested broad-spectrum RT-PCR. Serological analysis revealed an overall HEV antibody seroprevalence of 2% (10/493, 95% CI: 0.98–3.70) among the small ruminants, namely 2.2% in goats and 2.0% in sheep. Curiously, no statistically significant association among the factors, age, sex and species and HEV seroprevalence was observed. Although HEV RNA was not detected in the bile of sheep and goats, this study the evidence of seroprevalence in these small ruminant species. Further research could provide additional insights into the factors influencing HEV transmission dynamics in small ruminants in Portugal and its potential implications for public health.
Design resistance strengths of composite steel box girder bridge using different codes
Authors: El-masry Ay. A. , Rabou S. M. Abd , Ghannam M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBridges design based on prescriptive normative rules regarding loads and their combinations, safety factors, material properties, analysis methods, required verifications, and other issues that are included in design codes. In addition, Composite Steel Box Girder (CSBG) bridges present a prominent structural solution for straight and curved bridges with moderate spans, because of their large bending resistance and high torsional stiffness as well as rapid erection. This paper aims to perform a detailed theoretical comparative study between fundamental calculations of the design resistance strengths of shear, Vn or VRd, and flexure, Mn or MRd, in positive (sagging) and negative (hogging) moment regions, of CSBG highway bridges. The comparison is involved with design specification methodologies proposed by Egyptian Code of Practice (ECP-207-part 6), Bridge Design Specifications (BDS) presented by Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and European Standard (EC-4). On its turn, the study aims to standing on differences and similarities between considered standards in the design of such bridges.
Flexural behaviour of bamboo concrete beams
Authors: Ibrahim W. , El-Fattah W. , Hassan H. Ali , Ehab Ahmed , Elkarem A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBamboo plants can be found in both tropical and non-tropical locations of the world, it is thought of as a naturally occurring, quick-growing, and renewable resource. Bamboo is seen as a good alternative for construction due to the high energy requirements of current building materials and the limited availability of other naturally occurring materials like wood., bamboo is considered a good alternative for construction. To minimize carbon footprints in the environment, the research illustrates the flexural properties of Bamboo reinforced concrete to be able to use it as a successful replacement for steel bars. To study the flexural behavior, the total reinforcement constant and partially replaced steel with bamboo at 0%, 25%, 50%, 60%, 75% & 100%. Bamboo is a versatile material that can be used in a variety of construction applications, and it can also be employed in a variety of housing applications, notably roofing, and flooring. Moreover, bamboo culms are often used directly as structural members such as beams, slabs, and columns without any alteration. Bamboo can also be used as reinforcement in concrete as a replacement for steel. The shear and flexural behavior of bamboo-reinforced concrete beams is significantly better than that of plain concrete beams. Furthermore, bamboo fiber-reinforced concrete is a good alternative to existing fiber-reinforced concrete, such as glass and steel fibers.
Quantification of Historical Riverbank Erosion and Population Displacement Using Satellite Earth Observations and Gridded Population Data
Authors: Islam Md Sariful , Mitra Juthi Rani 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Riverbank erosion in Bangladesh is a significant hazard, recurring annually and causing loss of homes, land, and livelihoods. Each year, thousands of people are displaced as a result. Given the urgency of mitigating extreme erosion and preventing further displacement, it is imperative to accurately quantify the magnitude and severity of this phenomenon. With an aim to assess the spatiotemporal changes in riverbank erosion and its impact on population displacement, this study used multi-temporal Landsat imagery from 1990 to 2020. To evaluate the impact of riverbank movement on population displacement, this study utilized gridded population data. The analysis revealed that the region has experienced extreme erosion over the past three decades, with the central region exhibiting the highest erosion rates (-128.5 m/year). More than 50% of transects are experiencing high erosion rates (> 50 m/year). The analysis also revealed that over three decades, more than 11% of transects experience continuous erosion, with the central region being the most affected (44%). Additionally, findings indicate that thousands of individuals have been displaced due to severe erosion. The insights gained from this study will help policymakers in formulating effective mitigation and adaptation strategies tailored to the unique challenges of this region.
Pole Placement of a Nonlinear Electromagnetic System by the Receptance Method
Authors: Farzannasab Mahshad , Tehrani Maryam Ghandchi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This paper addresses the challenge of pole placement for controlling a nonlinear electromagnetic system using the receptance method. The system, consisting of a pair of identical magnets and coils, is mathematically modeled to introduce nonlinear (cubic) stiffness. This nonlinear stiffness can be adjusted by varying the input electrical current to the coils and the displacement between the magnets and coils.

Methods
The transfer function of the open-loop nonlinear system is obtained under low excitation levels, where the system exhibits weak nonlinearity. Using this method, the evaluation of the mass, stiffness, and damping matrices, which are generally required, is avoided. To demonstrate the system’s nonlinear behavior, the excitation level is subsequently increased, and open-loop receptances are measured at various levels. The poles of the nonlinear system are assigned using linear feedback control and the Sherman–Morrison formula across different excitation levels. Given the system’s response dependency on amplitude, an iterative approach is employed to determine the feedback gains.

Results
The performance of the nonlinear control is examined under varying excitation levels and different positions of the magnets relative to the coils. The feedback control adapts to changes in amplitude and displacement, ensuring the active control system's performance remains effective. Experiments were carried out to demonstrate the successful assignment of the poles.

Conclusion
The results demonstrate that feedback control performs well with varying excitation levels, even with small changes in the amplitude or the distance between the magnets and coils.
Assessing urban air pollution dynamics: the impact of traffic emissions and urban morphology in Lecce and Bari, Italy
Authors: Metrangolo Chiara , Dinoi Adelaide , Esposito Antonio , Pappaccogli Gianluca , Donateo Antonio , Santiago Jose Luis , Buccolieri Riccardo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Urban air pollution, exacerbated by vehicular emissions, poses a significant health threat, especially in densely populated areas. This study, part of the PNRR Italian National Center for Sustainable Mobility (MOST), aims to assess the impact of vehicular pollutants in urban environments. Focusing on Lecce and Bari (Italy), the research integrates data from dispersion models and meteorological analyses to evaluate pollutant concentrations. Preliminary analysis of eight urban areas in Lecce and six in Bari reveals trends in PM10 concentrations influenced by urban morphology and wind dynamics. These findings underscore the essential role of sustainable mobility strategies in mitigating urban air pollution and promoting healthier urban environments.
Situating AI in assessment—an exploration of university teachers’ valuing practices
Authors: Sporrong Elin , McGrath Cormac , Cerratto Pargman Teresa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEmerging AI technologies are changing teachers’ assessment practices and posing higher education institutions with novel ethical dilemmas. While frameworks and guidelines promise to align technology with moral and human values, the dilemma of how AI may impact existing valuing practices is often overlooked. To examine this gap, we conducted an interview study with university teachers from different disciplines at a university in Sweden. Following a semi-structured study design, we explored university teachers’ anticipations of AI in assessment and examined how emerging AI technologies may reconfigure the fit between values, challenges, and activities situated in everyday assessment contexts. Our findings suggest that anticipated AI, including automation and AI-mediated communication and grading, may amplify and reduce teachers’ possibilities to align activities with professional, pedagogical, and relational values and solve current challenges. In light of the study’s findings, the paper discusses potential ethical issues in the anticipated shifts from human to automated assessment and possible new and reinforced challenges brought by AI for education.
Financial literacy in the Understanding America Study
Authors: Angrisani Marco , Kapteyn Arie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe provide a brief history of administering financial literacy questions in probability-based Internet panels. After financial literacy questions were asked in the Centerpanel in the Netherlands and the RAND American Life Panel, the Understanding America Study (UAS) has been administering 14 financial literacy questions in its biannual core surveys since 2014. Due to its longitudinal nature and the vast amount of available information on its panel members, the UAS provides unique opportunities for analyzing patterns of financial literacy over time and its associations with financial outcomes, cognition, health, personality, and economic preferences, among others. The UAS survey-based dataset is further enriched with administrative records from consenting respondents. Importantly, researchers can incorporate additional questions and modules to gather specific data, which can then be linked to both existing and forthcoming information on panel members. In this paper, we describe the UAS financial literacy measures and offer descriptive analyses, highlighting the patterns of financial knowledge over time and by individuals’ background characteristics. We also show how financial outcomes, such as financial wealth and retirement preparedness, relate to financial literacy scores.
Associations between keystroke and stylus metadata and depressive symptoms in adolescents
Authors: Jang Moonyoung , Cho Youngeun , Kim Do Hyung , Park Sunghyun , Park Seonghyeon , Hur Ji-Won , Kim Minah , Cho Kwangsu , Lee Chang-Gun , Kwon Jun Soo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents often experience a heightened incidence of depressive symptoms, which can persist without early intervention. However, adolescents often struggle to identify depressive symptoms, and even when they are aware of these symptoms, seeking help is not always their immediate response. This study aimed to explore the relationship between passively collected digital data, specifically keystroke and stylus data collected via mobile devices, and the manifestation of depressive symptoms.MethodsA total of 927 first-year middle school students from schools in Seoul solved Korean language and math problems. Throughout this study, 77 types of keystroke and stylus data were collected, including parameters such as the number of key presses, tap pressure, stroke speed, and stroke acceleration. Depressive symptoms were measured using the self-rated Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).ResultsMultiple regression analysis highlighted the significance of stroke length, speed, and acceleration, the average y-coordinate, the tap pressure, and the number of incorrect answers in relation to PHQ-9 scores. The keystroke and stylus metadata were able to reflect mood, energy, cognitive abilities, and psychomotor symptoms among adolescents with depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the potential of automatically collected data during school exams or classes for the early screening of clinical depressive symptoms in students. This study has the potential to serve as a cornerstone in the development of digital data frameworks for the early detection of depressive symptoms in adolescents.