bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hwæt!: adaptive benefits of public displays of generosity and bravery in Beowulf
Authors: Rapaport Lisa G. , Paul Catherine E. , Gerard Patrick 
Published: February 2016

Costly signalling — along with other adaptive mechanisms, including reciprocity and kin selection — supports altruism in human societies. Because literary works can reflect the lives, motivations and ideals of real cultures, the same adaptive forces governing the actions of actual persons may drive the interactions depicted in these stories. Based on this reasoning, we analysed the interactions in the Old-English poemBeowulf, asking whether the beneficent behaviour exhibited by the characters functions as costly signalling or as exchange-based interactions. We found that both mechanisms play a role but costly signalling provides benefits beyond those from relationships based on exchange. Specifically, gift exchange promoted comrade allegiance but costly signalling additionally provided status increase to the signaller. Furthermore, boasting about oneself forged alliances whereas telling tales about the exploits of others increased speaker status. We show that hypotheses derived from evolutionary theory can be explored through quantitative text analyses of period-specific literature.
Model selection for determining the growth of juveniles and sub-adults of two species of shrimp (Decapoda, Penaeidae) in a tropical coastal lagoon
Authors: Monsreal-Vela Karina , Velázquez-Abunader Iván , Poot-López Gaspar R. 
Published: February 2016

To select the model that allows the growth curves of juvenile and sub-adult shrimp to be described more accurately, a study was carried out in a coastal lagoon in the south of the Gulf of Mexico on the speciesFarfantepenaeus brasiliensis(Latreille, 1817) andFarfantepenaeus duorarum(Burkenroad, 1939). The data were obtained from 11 monthly samplings, taken between April 2011 and February 2012, applying the catch strategies used by the local fishermen, including the fishing gear used. The carapace length (CL)-total weight (TW) relationship was estimated for both species. Frequency analyses were performed in order to follow the best represented cohorts over time and fit three non-asymptotic growth models: Power, Generalised Schnute and the Indeterminate Tanaka model. The CL-TW relationship of juvenile and sub-adultF. brasiliensiswas TW = 3 × 10−5CL3.75and TW = 8 × 10−5CL3.50forF. duorarum, both of which presented positive allometric growth. In both species the Indeterminate Tanaka model proved to be the best fit to the modal groups of the juvenile and sub-adult shrimp due to its ability to describe the seasonal oscillations in shrimp growth.
Description of Heliocypha vantoli spec. nov. from Siberut in the Mentawai Islands (Odonata: Chlorocyphidae)
Authors: HÄMÄLÄINEN MATTI 
Published: February 2016

Heliocypha vantoli Hämäläinen, spec. nov. [holotype ♂ from Indonesia, Mentawai Islands (off Sumatra), Siberut Island, 29-31 January 2013, deposited at RMNH, Leiden, The Netherlands] is described and illustrated for both sexes and compared with the Heliocypha species found in Sumatra and adjacent small islands. Notes on the Odonata fauna of the Mentawai Islands are also provided. Euphaea aspasia Selys, 1853 (Euphaeidae) is recorded as new to these islands; differences in the colour pattern of the Siberut and mainland Sumatran specimens are briefly discussed.
Uncertainty in Tropical Rainfall Projections: Atmospheric Circulation Effect and the Ocean Coupling
Authors: Long Shang-Min , Xie Shang-Ping , Liu Wei 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Uncertainty in tropical rainfall projections under increasing radiative forcing is studied by using 26 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Intermodel spread in projected rainfall change generally increases with interactive sea surface temperature (SST) warming in coupled models compared to atmospheric models with a common pattern of prescribed SST increase. Moisture budget analyses reveal that much of the model uncertainty in tropical rainfall projections originates from intermodel discrepancies in the dynamical contribution due to atmospheric circulation change. Intermodel singular value decomposition (SVD) analyses further show a tight coupling between the intermodel variations in SST warming pattern and circulation change in the tropics. In the zonal mean, the first SVD mode features an anomalous interhemispheric Hadley circulation, while the second mode displays an SST peak near the equator. The asymmetric mode is accompanied by a coupled pattern of wind–evaporation–SST feedback in the tropics and is further tied to interhemispheric asymmetric change in extratropical shortwave radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere. Intermodel variability in the tropical circulation change exerts a strong control on the spread in tropical cloud cover change and cloud radiative effects among models. The results indicate that understanding the coupling between the anthropogenic changes in SST pattern and atmospheric circulation holds the key to reducing uncertainties in projections of future changes in tropical rainfall and clouds.
Understanding the Role of Atmospheric Rivers in Heavy Precipitation in the Southeast United States
Authors: Mahoney Kelly , Jackson Darren L. , Neiman Paul , Abel Mimi R. , Darby Lisa , Wick Gary , White Allen , Sukovich Ellen , Cifelli Rob 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn analysis of atmospheric rivers (ARs) as defined by an automated AR detection tool based on integrated water vapor transport (IVT) and the connection to heavy precipitation in the southeast United States (SEUS) is performed. Climatological water vapor and water vapor transport fields are compared between the U.S. West Coast (WCUS) and the SEUS, highlighting stronger seasonal variation in integrated water vapor in the SEUS and stronger seasonal variation in IVT in the WCUS. The climatological analysis suggests that IVT values above ~500 kg m−1 s−1 (as incorporated into an objective identification tool such as the AR detection tool used here) may serve as a sensible threshold for defining ARs in the SEUS.Atmospheric river impacts on heavy precipitation in the SEUS are shown to vary on an annual cycle, and a connection between ARs and heavy precipitation during the nonsummer months is demonstrated. When identified ARs are matched to heavy precipitation days (>100 mm day−1), an average match rate of ~41% is found.Results suggest that some aspects of an AR identification framework in the SEUS may offer benefit in forecasting heavy precipitation, particularly at medium- to longer-range forecast lead times. However, the relatively high frequency of SEUS heavy precipitation cases in which an AR is not identified necessitates additional careful consideration and incorporation of other critical aspects of heavy precipitation environments such that significant predictive skill might eventually result.
Mental Health Service Use Among Children and Youth in Ontario: Population-Based Trends Over Time
Authors: Gandhi Sima , Chiu Maria , Lam Kelvin , Cairney John C. , Guttmann Astrid , Kurdyak Paul 
Published: February 2016

Objective: Little is known about mental health service use among Canadian children and youth. Our objective was to examine temporal trends in mental health service use across different sectors of the health care system among children and youth living in Ontario. Methods: We conducted a population-based, repeated annual cross-sectional study of mental health service use, including mental health- and addictions-related emergency department (ED) visits, psychiatric hospitalizations, and mental health-related outpatient physician visits using linked health administrative databases. Subjects included Ontario residents between 10 and 24 years of age. We tested temporal trends between 2006 and 2011 using linear regression models. Results: Between 2006 and 2011, the relative increase in rates of mental health-related ED visits and hospitalizations were 32.5% and 53.7%, respectively. The absolute increase in anxiety disorders, the most common reason for ED visits, was 2.2 per 1000 population ( P < 0.001) while mood and affective disorders, the most common reason for hospitalizations, showed an increase of 0.6 per 1000 population ( P < 0.01). The overall relative increase in rates of outpatient visits was 15.8%, with the largest absolute increase found among family physician visits (28.7 per 1000 population, P = 0.01). Conclusions: Mental health care use for children and youth is increasing over time in all sectors, but appears to be increasing at a greater rate in the acute care sector. Further research is required to understand whether the observed differences reflect difficulty with access to outpatient care.
The Impact of Introducing Spirituality in Business Education through Experiential Engagement
Authors: Varghese Rosemary , Sunny Febin Jose 
Published: February 2016

The impact of businesses worldwide has forced thought leaders to redefine business goals and clearly articulate what the objectives and obligations of business managers should be. The change that we wish to see in the conduct of businesses in the future has necessarily to take root in the institutions that offer programmes in business management. The article discusses spirituality being represented by the personal, communal or interpersonal, environmental and transcendental domains. After reviewing the literature on teaching models for spirituality, the researcher analyzes one such model that seeks to integrate spirituality with business education through experiential programmes for students that will help them understand their professional roles in conjunction with their responsibilities to the community and to the environment. The study is based on the data collected from 285 postgraduate management students who have undergone an intervention based on the experiential teaching model. The data of two studies, carried out at quantitative and qualitative levels, have been analyzed and the findings have been discussed. This will help business educators to create integrated programmes based on the experiential model that will provide the right spiritual orientation for tomorrow’s business managers.
Pentraxin-3 as a marker of disease severity and risk of death in patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections: a nationwide, prospective, observational study
Authors: Hansen Marco Bo , Rasmussen Lars Simon , Garred Peter , Bidstrup Daniel , Madsen Martin Bruun , Hyldegaard Ole 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
New biomarkers are needed to assess the severity of necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) at an early stage and to individualize treatment strategies. We assessed pentraxin-3 (PTX3) as a marker of disease severity and risk of death in patients with NSTI.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, observational study in the intensive care unit at Copenhagen University Hospital, where treatment of NSTI is centralized at a national level. We compared PTX3, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in septic shock versus nonshock patients and in amputated versus nonamputated patients using the Mann-Whitney U test. The prognostic value of the markers for 180-day mortality was assessed using Cox regression analyses.

Results
Patients with NSTI (n = 135) were included over 25 months with up to 2.5-year follow-up; 71 % had septic shock, amputation was undertaken in 20 % and the 180-day mortality was 27 %. Baseline plasma PTX3 level was significantly higher in patients with septic shock (67.3 versus 24.6 ng/mL, p < 0.0001) and in patients who underwent amputation (118.6 versus 43.6 ng/mL, p = 0.019). No significant differences in baseline procalcitonin or C-reactive protein levels were found according to amputation (25.2 versus 7.0 μg/L, p = 0.060 and 202 versus 225 mg/L, p = 0.123), respectively. Baseline PTX3 level above the median was associated with death (p = 0.009, log-rank test) and the univariate Cox regression analysis revealed a significant association between PTX3 level upon admission and 180-day mortality (hazard ratio 2.60 (95 % confidence interval 1.28–5.29), p = 0.008). When adjusted for age, sex, chronic disease and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, no significant association was found.

Conclusions
High PTX3 level is associated with septic shock, amputation and risk of death in patients with NSTI, but it is not an independent predictor of 180-day mortality in this patient group.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02180906. Date of registration: June 29, 2014.
Assessment of the nevirapine safety signal using data from the national antiretroviral dispensing database: a retrospective study
Authors: Kalemeera Francis , Mengistu Assegid T. , Gaeseb Johannes 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
Clinical trials showed a higher risk of skin- and liver- related adverse reactions when NVP-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) was initiated in female and male patients with baseline CD4 cell counts ≥250 and ≥400, respectively. Some studies reported no difference in risk between the high and low CD4 count groups. Consequently, the use of NVP-based ART in all patients with a CD4 cell count <350, was recommended. In 2011, the Pharmacovigilance Centre detected an increase in reports of grade III and IV reactions. The center was required to determine if there was an increase in NVP-related reactions.

Methods
Automated dispensing records from January 2008 to November 2011 were accessed from the National Antiretroviral Dispensing Database (NDB). Records of patients who were initiated on NVP-based ART were selected, and records showing a replacement of NVP with protease inhibitor (PI) were identified. The proportions of grade III and IV reactions were calculated per quarter, and Odds Ratios (OR) were calculated, with the confidence interval set at 95 % and a p-value of <0.05.

Results
From 2008 to 2011 a total of 84,741 patients were started on ART. Of these 67,794 were initiated on NVP-containing ART. Of these, 211 females and 79 males were substituted from NVP to a PI. The OR for females was 2.4 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.8 – 3.1). For males the OR was 2.4 (OR 2.4; 95 % CI 1.4 – 3.8) which occurred nine months after the change observed in the females. The odds of a NVP-to-PI substitution in females compared to males before the launch of Namibia’s 2010 ART guidelines was the same as the odds after the publication of the guidelines (before, OR 1.6; 95 % CI 1.1 – 2.5; after, OR 1.6; 95 % CI 1.2 – 2.2).

Conclusions
There was an increase in substitutions of NVP with a PI following the increase in the CD4 threshold for initiating NVP-based HAART, meaning that there was an increase in grade III and IV reactions associated with NVP. Therefore the NVP-safety signal was confirmed to be a true signal, which contributed to the Ministry’s decision to review the use of NVP.
Paediatric bipolar disorder: international comparisons of hospital discharge rates 2000–2010
Authors: Clacey Joe , Goldacre Michael , James Anthony 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundControversy surrounds the diagnosis and prevalence of paediatric bipolar disorder, with estimates varying considerably between countries.AimsTo determine the international hospital discharge rates for paediatric bipolar disorder compared with all other psychiatric diagnoses.MethodWe used national data-sets from 2000 to 2010 from England, Australia, New Zealand, the USA and Germany.ResultsFor those aged under 20 years, the discharge rates for paediatric bipolar disorder per 100 000 population were: USA 95.6, Australia 11.7, New Zealand 6.3, Germany 1.5 and England 0.9. The most marked divergence in discharge rates was in 5- to 9-year-olds: USA 27, New Zealand 0.22, Australia 0.14, Germany 0.03 and England 0.00.ConclusionsThe disparity between US and other discharge rates for paediatric bipolar disorder is markedly greater than the variation for child psychiatric discharge rates overall, and for adult rates of bipolar disorder. This suggests there may be differing diagnostic practices for paediatric bipolar disorder in the USA.
Anthony Barboza in Conversation with Bill Gaskins
Authors: Gaskins Bill 
Published: February 2016

Anthony Barboza’s professional career began in in 1968 after he completed a tour of duty in the United States Navy, where he worked as a photojournalist. When he became a member of the legendary Kamoinge Workshop, formed in 1963 to address the under-representation of black photographers in the art world, he worked with master artists, intellectuals, and photographers. Also in 1968, a group of black men—plus one woman— formed Essence Communications Inc. A momentous triangulation of the women’s liberation movement, the cultural nationalism of African American people in the United States, and a late-twentieth-century black-capitalist movement, Essence magazine was designed to direct print editorial and advertising content toward African American women. It also provided the most important platform for Anthony Barboza, enabling him to play an influential role in transforming how African American, Latin American, and African and Caribbean women and men were represented in fashion and advertising in the United States.
In this interview, we discuss such topics as how race plays a part in the fashion industry, hair styling, and working with models.
Know-how or know why? Um caso de ensino do Hipermercado Know
Authors: Santos Ismael Luiz , Marinho Sidnei Viera , Alberton Anete , Costa Leonardo 
Published: February 2016

A Hipermercados Know é uma empresa familiar do ramo supermercadista fundada em meados da década de 1980, no estado de Santa Catarina. Hoje ela conta com 13 lojas, distribuídas em 5 cidades do estado, vendendo um total de 25 mil itens. O setor está crescendo rápido, mas o crescimento da firma enfrenta desafios relacionados à gestão de pessoas: há uma escassez de pessoal qualificado no mercado, e o turnover e o absenteísmo são muito altos. Como lidar com isso e continuar crescendo? O caso pode ser usado em disciplinas de empreendedorismo ou estratégia, além de gestão de pessoas de cursos de graduação em Administração ou de formação de executivos e MBAs. DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv5n2c13http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv5n2c13
Desafios em infraestrutura de tecnologia da informação: obras de construção civil e movimentação de datacenter
Authors: De Moura Jr Pedro Jácome 
Published: February 2016

O caso descreve uma sequência de eventos que determinou a necessidade de movimentação física de um centro de processamento e armazenamento de dados (datacenter) em uma instituição federal de ensino superior (IFES) e as decisões envolvidas ao longo da movimentação. O tema se relaciona com abordagens e modelos teórico-conceituais das disciplinas Administração de Sistemas de Informação e Engenharia de Software em cursos de graduação e pós-graduação lato sensu em Administração, Gestão de Tecnologia da Informação, Ciências da Computação, Engenharia da Computação e correlatos. DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv5n2c16http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv5n2c16
Το ανέκδοτο ημερολόγιο του παπά-Νικόλα Κουκόλη απ' το Λιμπόχοβο της Δυτικής Μακεδονίας (1817-1926)
Authors: Τσάρας Γιάννης 
Published: February 2016

<p>No abstract </p>
Διαπιστώσεις του κ. Ιωάννου Κ. Βασδραβέλλη, Γενικού Γραμματέως της Εταιρείας Μακεδονικών Σπουδών εις τα αρχεία της Βιέννης
Authors: Βασδραβέλλης Ιωάννης Κ. 
Published: February 2016

<p>No abstract </p>
Παναγιώτη Γ. Συνάδου, Άγιον Όρος (Άθως). Η ιδιότυπη "Πολιτεία" του Κόσμου, (Ταξιδιωτικές εντυπώσεις και περιγραφές, ιστορικά και άλλα στοιχεία, θέματα, απόψεις κ.λ.π.)
Authors: Παπουλίδης Κωνσταντίνος Κ. 
Published: February 2016

<p>No abstract </p>
Thermodynamic Method in Analyzing of the Parameters Bioelectrical Muscles at Different Static Loads
Authors: Майстренко  , Maystrenko E. , Черников  , Chernikov N. , Горбунов  , Gorbunov D. , Гавриленко  , Gavrilenko T. , Берестин  , Berestin D. 
Published: February 2016

The comparative analysis of the dynamics of changes in the bioelectric activity of muscles in
response to changes in static stress in the muscle is presented. As the main result of this study after an data
analysis obtained by the methods of the chaos theory and self‐organization to describe complex biological
systems, it was established low efficiency of deterministic‐stochastic approach. Shannon entropy calculation
is performed in different functional states of the muscles. Analysis of the recorded signal and evaluation of
randomness in the recorded signal of electro‐myograms showed that with increasing load the size of quasiattractors
of the recorded bioelectric potentials of the muscles increases dramatically, but the results of the
analysis based on the calculation of the entropy, i.e. the thermodynamic approach, are statistically insignificant.
The results allow to conclude that deterministic‐stochastic methods (in particular, the thermodynamic
methods) in the assessment of electro‐myograms have low efficiency, and should be used for calculating the
area quasi‐attractors of S in evaluating the physiological state of the human body (its homeostasis).
he Parameters of Cardiovascular System of Organism of Women – Workers of Oil and Gas Complex in Conditions of Industrial Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Болтаев  , Boltaev A. , Газя  , Gazya G. , Майстренко  , Maystrenko E. , Шиляева  , Shilyaeva O. 
Published: February 2016

This article is dedicated to the study of electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency on the
human body. A comparative analysis of the parameters of autonomic system of women‐ workers of oil and
gas industry using the methods of classical statistics and the theory of chaos and self‐organization was found
that that the degree of tension of the autonomic functions in the body women do not fall under the influence
of an electromagnetic field in the labor process, is in a more stable manner compared with women, whose
bodies are exposed to electromagnetic radiation. To a large extent the electromagnetic field has a negative
effect on the organism of women older than 35 years.
Differential Diagnosis of Neck Formations
Authors: Пампутис  , Pamputis S. , Лопатникова  , Lopatnikova E. 
Published: February 2016

The article describes the low‐invasive method for the differential diagnosis of formations in
the projection of the thyroid gland and adjacent soft tissues of the neck (application for invention number
2014146341).
The objective of the study was to develop a low‐invasive method of preoperative differential diagnosis
of neck structures visualized by ultrasound to reduce trauma performed diagnostic procedures and to reduce
the time to clarify the diagnosis in determining the subsequent treatment.
The purpose is achieved in the implementation of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of
formation in the projection of the thyroid gland and adjacent soft tissues of the neck with one‐stage fence
material one needle through one skin puncture for determination of three parameters: the level of parathyroid
hormone, thyroglobulin and to perform cytology.
Depending on the outcomes, the proposed method allows to carry out a reliable differential diagnosis
between formation cyst of the parathyroid gland, node/cyst of the thyroid gland, thyroid cancer, lymph node
or metastasis cancer of the thyroid gland in the lymph node, and thus greatly to reduce the trauma diagnostic
procedures and the time to clarify the diagnosis and choice of volume of operative treatment in patients
with hyperparathyroidism, nodal forms of goiter, thyroid cancer and recurrence of these diseases.
The proposed method is economical and easy to carry out, applicable to inpatient and outpatient basis
without anesthesia.