bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Substrate Feeding Concentration on Initial Biofilm Development in Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor
Authors: Suraraksa B. , Nopharatana A. , Chaiprasert P. , Bhumiratana S. , Tanticharoen M. 
Published: December 2017

To elucidate the effect of substrate concentration on biofilm development, glucose concentrations of 500 and 1,000 mg/L were used. At an early stage, biofilm development at both concentrations was not significantly different (P=0.621). After removing suspended biomass at 24 operational hours, the biofilm development at high substrate concentration was higher than at lower concentration. At 72 operational hours, the amounts of attached biomass at low and high glucose feeding were 9.04±1.17 and 28.58±2.72 g VSS/m2, respectively. The activities of acidogens, acetogens, and methanogens at the low glucose concentration were 0.334, 0.016 and 0.003 g COD/g VSS/h, and those at the high glucose concentration were 0.145, 0.003 and 0.001 g COD/g VSS/h, respectively. Moreover, the ratio of methanogenic activity at low glucose concentration was higher than at high glucose concentration. The glucose utilization at low and high feeding concentrations was 33% and 27%, respectively. These results indicated that rapid biofilm development by using high substrate concentration would be less beneficial if unbalance of methanogenic ratio was found in biofilm.
Entropy Learning in Neural Network
Authors: Ng Geok See , Shi D. , Wahab A. , Singh H. 
Published: December 2017

In this paper, entropy term is used in the learning phase of a neural network. As learning progresses, more hidden nodes get into saturation. The early creation of such hidden nodes may impair generalisation. Hence entropy approach is proposed to dampen the early creation of such nodes. The entropy learning also helps to increase the importance of relevant nodes while dampening the less important nodes. At the end of learning, the less important nodes can then be eliminated to reduce the memory requirements of the neural network.
Pendekatan Metodologis Dan Teologis Bagi Pengembangan dan Peningkatan Kualitas Guru MI
Authors: Zulaiha Siti 
Published: December 2017

Studi Islam merupakan salah satu cabang ilmu favorit untuk dikaji oleh para kalangan ilmuwan, terutama dalam mengkaji persoalan metodologi yang digunakan dalam memahami ajaran Islam, hal ini disebabkan karena masih lemahnya pemahaman umat Islam dalam mengkaji Islam secara komprehensif, salah satu penyebabnya adalah kurangnya umat Islam memahami metodologinya. Demikian pula relevansinya dengan pengembangan dan kualitas guru MI terkait dengan memahami ajaran Islam harus memahami pendekatan-pendekatan apa saja yang digunakan di dalam mengajarkan dan memahami ajaran Islam kepada siswa SD/MI. Oleh karena itu tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dua pendekatan dalam memahami ajaran Islam yaitu pendekatan metodologis yang diperlukan dalam mengkaji Islam juga pendekatan teologi yang merupakan doktriner yang dapat digunakan dalam memahami Islam. Serta bagaimana keterkaitannya dengan pengembangan dan peningkatan kualitas Guru MI.
Kata Kunci : Studi Islam, Pendekatan Metodologis, Pendekatan Teologis
Pondok Pesantren di Provinsi Bengkulu dalam Dinamika Peradaban Moderen
Authors: Khoiri Qolbi , Idi Abdullah , Hawi Akmal 
Published: December 2017

Pondok Pesantren in Bengkulu Province in the Dynamics of Modern Civilization. This paper aims to determine what the potential of pondok pesantren in Bengkulu Province is and how its strategy is in order to face the values of modern civilization. The research method used is qualitative research method with the type of descriptive-analytic research and with data sources are the leaders and caregivers of boarding schools in Bengkulu Province. According to his approach, this study uses sociological and phenomenological approaches. The results showed that pondok pesantren in Bengkulu Province has potential that is divided into several things, firstly the potential of the majority Muslim community, the internal potential in the form of tradition of pesantren consisting of kiai, santri, pondok, masjid and kitab kuning, then the potential of science development and technology based on tauhid and the last economic potential through the development of charity business pondok pesantren of various sectors in order to grow the independence of institutions, independence of managers and independence of students in the face of the values of modern civilization. The strategy of boarding school in facing the values of modern civilization can be seen from the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats (SWOT). This paper mentioned that the strategy undertaken by boarding school in Bengkulu Province is modernization in education management, including on administration, organization, educators and education, supervision and evaluation.
Community Participation For The Education in Pesantren Madinatul Munawwarah Bukittinggi
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi 
Published: December 2017

Partisipasi Masyarakat Terhadap Pendidikan di Pesantren Madinatul Munawwarah Bukittinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bentuk-bentuk partisipasi masyarakat dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pendidikan di Pesantren Madinatul Munawwarah Bukittinggi, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi masyarakat serta upaya yang dilakukan pihak pesantren berkenaan dengan partisipasi masyarakat di Pesantren Madinatul Munawwarah Bukittinggi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang deskriptif dengan menggunakan observasi dan wawancara sebagai alat pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk partisipasi masyarakat pada perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pendidikan di Pesantren Madinatul Maunawwarah Bukittinggi baru berupa materi/barang, uang dan tenaga. Bantuan itu pun bukan sepenuhnya datang dari masyarakat sekitar pesantren, tapi lebih banyak dari para donator diluar masyarakat sekitar pesantren terebut. Sedangkan partisipasi berupa ide, usulan, kritikan dan saran persentasenya masih rendah. Adapun faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan masyarakat kurang berpartisipasi terhadap perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pendidikan di Pesantren Madinatul Munawwarah adalah faktor kesibukan pekerjaan, faktor lokasi pesantren yang terletak di tengah-tengah masyarakat yang heterogen (umumnya pendatang), tingkat pendidikan masyarakat juga menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi. Upaya untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat terhadap pendidikan di pesantren melalui: mengajak dan menghimbau masyarakat, memberikan kesadaran kepada masyarakat tentang pentingnya sekolah agama dan juga melibatkan masyarakat pada beberapa kegiatan serta melalui tokoh-tokoh yang berpengaruh di masyarakat.
Linking Signatures of Accretion with Magnetic Field Measurements–Line Profiles are not Significantly Different in Magnetic and Non-magnetic Herbig Ae/Be Stars
Authors: Reiter Megan , Calvet Nuria , Thanathibodee Thanawuth , Kraus Stefan , Cauley P. Wilson , Monnier John , Rubinstein Adam , Aarnio Alicia , Harries Tim J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Herbig Ae/Be stars are young, pre-main-sequence stars that sample the transition in structure and evolution between low- and high-mass stars, providing a key test of accretion processes in higher-mass stars. Few Herbig Ae/Be stars have detected magnetic fields, calling into question whether the magnetospheric accretion paradigm developed for low-mass stars can be scaled to higher masses. We present He i 10830 Å line profiles for 64 Herbig Ae/Be stars with a magnetic field measurement in order to test magnetospheric accretion in the physical regime where its efficacy remains uncertain. Of the five stars with a magnetic field detection, one shows redshifted absorption, indicative of infall, and two show blueshifted absorption, tracing mass outflow. The fraction of redshifted and blueshifted absorption profiles in the non-magnetic Herbig Ae/Be stars is remarkably similar, suggesting that the stellar magnetic field does not affect gas kinematics traced by He i 10830 Å. Line profile morphology does not correlate with the luminosity, rotation rate, mass accretion rate, or disk inclination. Only the detection of a magnetic field and a nearly face-on disk inclination show a correlation (albeit for a few sources). This provides further evidence for weaker dipoles and more complex field topologies as stars develop a radiative envelope. The small number of magnetic Herbig Ae/Be stars has already called into question whether magnetospheric accretion can be scaled to higher masses; accretion signatures are not substantially different in magnetic Herbig Ae/Be stars, casting further doubt that they accrete in the same manner as classical T Tauri stars.
Multiwavength Observations of the Black Hole X-Ray Binary A0620-00 in Quiescence
Authors: Dinçer Tolga , Bailyn Charles D. , Miller-Jones James C. A. , Buxton Michelle , MacDonald Rachel K. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present results from simultaneous multiwavelength X-ray, radio, and optical/near-infrared observations of the quiescent black hole X-ray binary A0620-00 performed in 2013 December. We find that the Chandra flux has brightened by a factor of 2 since 2005, and by a factor of 7 since 2000. The spectrum has not changed significantly over this time, being consistent with a power law of

and a hydrogen column of

. Very Large Array observations of A0620-00 at three frequencies, over the interval of 5.25–22.0 GHz, have provided us with the first broadband radio spectrum of a quiescent stellar mass black hole system at X-ray luminosities as low as 10−8 times the Eddington luminosity. Compared to previous observations, the source has moved to lower radio and higher X-ray luminosity, shifting it perpendicular to the standard track of the radio/X-ray correlation for X-ray binaries. The radio spectrum is inverted with a spectral index

(

). This suggests that the peak of the spectral energy distribution is likely to be between 1012 and 1014 Hz, and that the near-IR and optical flux contain significant contributions from the star, the accretion flow, and from the outflow. Decomposing these components may be difficult, but holds the promise of revealing the interplay between accretion and jet in low luminosity systems.
Constructing Current Singularity in a 3D Line-tied Plasma
Authors: Zhou Yao , Huang Yi-Min , Qin Hong , Bhattacharjee A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We revisit Parker’s conjecture of current singularity formation in 3D line-tied plasmas using a recently developed numerical method, variational integration for ideal magnetohydrodynamics in Lagrangian labeling. With the frozen-in equation built-in, the method is free of artificial reconnection, and hence it is arguably an optimal tool for studying current singularity formation. Using this method, the formation of current singularity has previously been confirmed in the Hahm–Kulsrud–Taylor problem in 2D. In this paper, we extend this problem to 3D line-tied geometry. The linear solution, which is singular in 2D, is found to be smooth for arbitrary system length. However, with finite amplitude, the linear solution can become pathological when the system is sufficiently long. The nonlinear solutions turn out to be smooth for short systems. Nonetheless, the scaling of peak current density versus system length suggests that the nonlinear solution may become singular at finite length. With the results in hand, we can neither confirm nor rule out this possibility conclusively, since we cannot obtain solutions with system length near the extrapolated critical value.
The GALFA-H i Survey Data Release 2
Authors: Peek J. E. G. , Babler Brian L. , Zheng Yong , Clark S. E. , Douglas Kevin A. , Korpela Eric J. , Putman M. E. , Stanimirović Snežana , Gibson Steven J. , Heiles Carl 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present the Galactic Arecibo L-Band Feed Array H i (GALFA-H i) survey data release 2 (DR2). The survey covers the 21 cm hyperfine transition of Galactic H i from −650 to 650

, with 0.184

channel spacing, 4′ angular resolution, and 150 mK rms noise per 1

velocity channel. DR2 covers the entirety of the sky available from the William E. Gordon 305 m antenna at Arecibo, from decl. −1°17′ to decl. + 37°57′ across all R.A.: 4 steradians or 32% of the sky. DR2 differs in a number of ways from data release 1, which was released in 2011. DR2 is built from a largely separate set of observations from DR1, which were taken in a much more consistent mode. This consistency, coupled with more careful attention to systematics and more advanced data reduction algorithms, leads to a much higher-quality DR2 data product. We present three data sets for public use: H i data cubes, far-sidelobe stray-radiation-corrected column density maps, and results of the Rolling Hough Transform linear feature detection algorithm.
Ultraviolet Flux Decrease Under a Grand Minimum from IUE Short-wavelength Observation of Solar Analogs
Authors: Lubin Dan , Melis Carl , Tytler David 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We have identified a sample of 33 Sun-like stars observed by the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) with the short-wavelength spectrographs that have ground-based detections of chromospheric Ca ii H+K activity. Our objective is to determine if these observations can provide an estimate of the decrease in ultraviolet (UV) surface flux associated with a transition from a normal stellar cycle to a grand-minimum state. The activity detections, corrected to solar metallicity, span the range

, and eight stars have log

. The IUE-observed flux spectra are integrated over the wavelength range 1250–1910 Å, transformed to surface fluxes, and then normalized to solar B − V. These normalized surface fluxes show a strong linear relationship with activity

(R
2 = 0.857 after three outliers are omitted). From this linear regression we estimate a range in UV flux of 9.3% over solar cycle 22 and a reduction of 6.9% below solar cycle minimum under a grand minimum. The 95% confidence interval in this grand-minimum estimate is 5.5%–8.4%. An alternative estimate is provided by the IUE observations of τ Cet (HD 10700), a star having strong evidence of being in a grand-minimum state, and this star’s normalized surface flux is 23.0 ± 5.7% lower than solar cycle minimum.
Le problème nord-coréen avant et après le XIX e congrès du Parti communiste chinois : Brève analyse des enjeux et horizons stratégiques pour la République populaire de Chine
Authors: Heurtebise Jean-Yves 
Published: December 2017

Le but de cet article est de présenter le problème nord-coréen en évoquant les différentes possibilités d’approches stratégiques que la Chine peut adopter en vue de sa « résolution » – étant précisé que la non-résolution du problème peut faire partie des solutions adoptées. Plus précisément, la question est de savoir dans quelle mesure la Corée du Nord est le problème de la Chine – c’est-à-dire, dans quelle mesure c’est un problème pour la Chine ou/et un problème que la Chine doit résoudre de façon prioritaire (et sur lequel elle peut plus peser que d’autres nations) de façon à démontrer son poids et son influence dans le concert global des nations.
Fonds vautours : contrer la stratégie du passager clandestin
Authors: Zacharie Arnaud 
Published: December 2017

Depuis deux décennies, certains États endettés sont victimes des « fonds vautours ». Tirant profit de l’évolution du système financier international et de l’absence de droit international des faillites des États, ces fonds ont pour particularité de refuser les termes des accords de restructuration des dettes souveraines et d’exiger d’être remboursés à 100 %, au détriment des recettes budgétaires des États visés et des autres créanciers. Ces stratégies déloyales du « passager clandestin » ont débouché, ces dernières années, sur plusieurs initiatives législatives. Des mesures qui mériteraient d’être élargies à l’échelle multilatérale.
A Cellular MicroRNA Facilitates Regulatory T Lymphocyte Development by Targeting the FOXP3 Promoter TATA-Box Motif
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , Liu Weiwei , Chen Yingshi , Liu Jun , Wu Kang , Su Lishi , Zhang Wanying , Jiang Yawen , Zhang Xu , Zhang Yijun , Liu Chao , Tao Liang , Liu Bingfeng , Zhang Hui 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) mediate immunological self-tolerance and suppress various immune responses. FOXP3 is a key transcriptional factor for the generation and development of Tregs. Its expression is regulated by various cytokines including TGF-β, IL-2, and IL-10. It is important to further identify the regulatory factors for Tregs. Given that many microRNAs (miRNAs) could specifically interact with the core promoter region and specifically enhance the transcription of many target genes, we searched for any possible miRNA(s) targeting the core promoter region of the FOXP3 gene. We found that miR-4281, an miRNA specifically expressed in hominids, can potently and specifically upregulate FOXP3 expression by directly interacting with the TATA-box motif in the human FOXP3 promoter. Consequently, miR-4281 significantly accelerated the differentiation of human naive cells to induced Tregs (iTregs) that possess immune suppressor functions and weaken the development of graft-versus-host disease in a humanized mouse model. Interestingly, iTregs induced by the combination of TGF-β, IL-2, and chemically synthesized miR-4281 were more stable and functional than those induced by TGF-β and IL-2 alone. Moreover, we found that the IL-2/STAT5 signal transduction upregulates FOXP3 expression not only through the classical pathway, but also by enhancing the expression of the miR-4281 precursor gene (SNCB) and, correspondingly, miR-4281. This study reveals a novel mechanism regulating FOXP3 expression and human iTreg development and, therefore, offers a new therapeutic target to manipulate immunosuppressive system.
Nlrp12 Mediates Adverse Neutrophil Recruitment during Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Hornick Emma E. , Banoth Balaji , Miller Ann M. , Zacharias Zeb R. , Jain Nidhi , Wilson Mary E. , Gibson-Corley Katherine N. , Legge Kevin L. , Bishop Gail A. , Sutterwala Fayyaz S. , Cassel Suzanne L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Exaggerated inflammatory responses during influenza A virus (IAV) infection are typically associated with severe disease. Neutrophils are among the immune cells that can drive this excessive and detrimental inflammation. In moderation, however, neutrophils are necessary for optimal viral control. In this study, we explore the role of the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptor family member Nlrp12 in modulating neutrophilic responses during lethal IAV infection. Nlrp12−/− mice are protected from lethality during IAV infection and show decreased vascular permeability, fewer pulmonary neutrophils, and a reduction in levels of neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1 in their lungs compared with wild-type mice. Nlrp12−/− neutrophils and dendritic cells within the IAV-infected lungs produce less CXCL1 than their wild-type counterparts. Decreased CXCL1 production by Nlrp12−/− dendritic cells was not due to a difference in CXCL1 protein stability, but instead to a decrease in Cxcl1 mRNA stability. Together, these data demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for Nlrp12 in exacerbating the pathogenesis of IAV infection through the regulation of CXCL1-mediated neutrophilic responses.
Athletic Trainers' Attitudes and Perceptions Regarding Exertional Heat Stroke Before and After an Educational Intervention
Authors: Schellhase Kristen Couper , Plant Jennifer , Mazerolle Stephanie M. 
Published: December 2017

Context:
Death from exertional heat stroke (EHS) is preventable when evidence-based guidelines are followed. The assessment of core body temperature using rectal thermometry and the treatment of cold-water immersion for EHS has been established as the standard of care; however, rectal thermometry is still controversial. Athletic trainers (ATs) may lack knowledge and comfort with this skill, which could impact implementation.

Objective:
Examine ATs' current practices, attitudes, and perceptions regarding EHS before and after an educational intervention.

Design:
Prequantitative/postquantitative experimental.

Setting:
Classroom.

Patients or Other Participants:
Twenty-five ATs in various athletic training settings.

Intervention(s):
Educational intervention designed to increase knowledge and address negative attitudes and perceptions regarding EHS evaluation and treatment.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Attitude and perception scores.

Results:
Prior to the educational intervention, most ATs (86.9%, 20/23) reported that they use methods other than rectal thermometry to evaluate EHS. Of those who did not use rectal thermometry, their reasons included: lack of equipment/budget, concerns about liability/lack of consent (especially when dealing with minors), lack of training, and/or concerns about the privacy, embarrassment, compliance of the athlete. Cold-water immersion was chosen as the definitive method of cooling an athlete by only 41.7% (n = 10) of participants. Following the educational intervention, attitudes toward the use of rectal temperature to assess core body temperature (t[24] = 8.663, P &lt; .001) and cold-water immersion treatment for EHS (t[24] = 4.187, P &lt; .001) were significantly improved. However, while attitudes toward the use of other “cold” methods to treat EHS were not significantly changed (t[24] = 1.684, P = .105), perceptions regarding nonexertional influences on EHS were significantly improved (t[24] = 1.684, P = .105).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that a 3-hour educational intervention can improve attitudes and perceptions regarding the assessment and treatment of EHS in the short term. It is important that educational interventions use best-practice continuing education methods and include special attention to the barriers to evidence-based practice.