bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Diabetes Insipidus in Infancy With or Without Hypothalamic Adipsic Hypernatremia Syndrome: Early Identification and Outcome
Authors: Djermane Adel , Elmaleh Monique , Simon Dominique , Poidvin Amélie , Carel Jean-Claude , Léger Juliane 
Published: November 2015

Context:Neonatal central diabetes insipidus (CDI) with or without adipsia is a very rare complication of various complex hypothalamic disorders. It is associated with greater morbidity and a high risk of developing both hypernatremia and hyponatremia, due to the condition itself or secondary to treatment with vasopressin analogs or fluid administration. Its outcomes have yet to be evaluated.Objective:To investigate the clinical outcomes of patients with neonatal-onset CDI or adipsic CDI with hypernatremia.Design, Setting, and Participants:All patients diagnosed with neonatal CDI in a university hospital-based observational study and followed between 2005 and 2015 were included and analyzed retrospectively.Main Outcome Measures:The various causes of CDI were grouped. Clinical outcome and comorbidities were analyzed.Results:Ten of the 12 patients had an underlying condition with brain malformations: optic nerve hypoplasia (n = 3), septo-optic dysplasia (n = 2), semilobar holoprosencephaly (n = 1), ectopic neurohypophysis (n = 3), and unilateral absence of the internal carotid artery (n = 1). The other two were idiopathic cases. During the median follow-up period of 7.8 (4.9–16.8) years, all but one patient displayed anterior pituitary deficiency. Transient CDI was found in three (25%) patients for whom a posterior pituitary hyperintense signal was observed with (n = 2) and without (n = 1) structural hypothalamic pituitary abnormalities, and with no other underlying cerebral malformations. Patients with permanent CDI with persistent adipsia (n = 4) and without adipsia (n = 5) required adequate fluid intake and various doses of desamino-D-arginine-8-vasopressin. Those with adipsia were more likely to develop hypernatremia (45 vs 33%), hyponatremia (16 vs 4%) (P &lt; .0001), and severe neurodevelopmental delay (P &lt; .05) than those without adipsia. Comorbidities were common. The underlying cause remains unknown at the age of 23 years for one patient with CDI and normal thirst.Conclusion:Neonatal CDI may be transient or permanent. These vulnerable patients have high rates of comorbidity and require careful monitoring.
Biosimilars Are Here: A Hospital Pharmacist's Guide to Educating Health Care Professionals on Biosimilars
Authors: Jarrett Steven , Dingermann Theodor 
Published: November 2015

Background Pharmacists are the recognized experts in pharmacotherapy. With the recent introduction of biosimilar agents into the US market, pharmacists are poised to play a pivotal role in evaluating their risks versus benefits within the framework of cost containment. Purpose This article provides hospital pharmacists with the necessary information on the principles surrounding the development, approval process, and use of biosimilars. Methods Information contained in this article enables hospital pharmacists to identify concerns relating to biosimilars, implement educational components, and successfully evaluate biosimilars for the addition to the formulary. Additionally, this article reviews the European experience with biosimilars, the US Food and Drug Administration approval process, and postauthorization safety and pharmacovigilance programs. Conclusion It is important to educate health care providers about the differences between biosimilars and their reference biologics. The adoption of biosimilars is necessary to control long-term costs of biologics, increase patient access to care, and encourage innovation.
Risk Factors for Bleeding in Hospitalized Patients with Elevated INR: No Vitamin K Therapy Received versus Vitamin K Received
Authors: Mounce Monique , Essel Candace , Kim Tiffany , Harris Che Matthew 
Published: November 2015

Background Supratherapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) in patients on warfarin is a common side effect. Updated guidelines recommend against using vitamin K to correct INRs 4.5 to 10 in the absence of bleeding. The impact of compliance with updated guidelines during hospitalization has not been fully explored. Methods A retrospective, observational study was performed utilizing electronic medical records. The goal was to evaluate management of supratherapeutic INR values for medicine inpatients and identify differences in clinical outcomes among inpatients treated and not treated with vitamin K. Records from adult inpatients with at least one INR value between 4.5 and 9 were reviewed. A total of 51 records were evaluated. Thirty-four patients did not receive vitamin K compared to 17 who did. Bleeding events, readmissions rates, length of stay, and familiarity with new guidelines were studied. Results Mean age of patients was 73 years, and 71% were female. No statistically significant differences were observed in bleeding events between patients who received vitamin K and those who did not: 2/17 (12%) and 1/34 (3%), respectively ( P = .30). No differences in 30-day readmission rates (24% vs 18%; P = .71) or in length of stay (7 vs 4 days; P = .11) were found. All pharmacists (13 of 13) were familiar with CHEST 2012 guidelines on the management of supratherapeutic INR compared to 10 of 21 (48%) hospitalists ( P = .001). Conclusions With the national focus on reduction of health care costs, health systems are looking at innovative ways to reduce readmission rates and length of stay. This study, which evaluated the use of vitamin K administration, showed no statistical difference between bleeding events, readmission rates, and length of stay in patients who received vitamin K. Education on the updates of guidelines may be beneficial, as many providers were not familiar with the changes in recommendations.
Evaluation of the Safety of a Vancomycin Nomogram Used to Achieve Target Trough Concentrations
Authors: O'Brien Kristen A. , Mok Steve 
Published: November 2015

Background Dosing vancomycin to achieve target concentrations of 15 to 20 mg/L has been recommended for select infections. To date, few vancomycin nomograms designed to target these higher concentrations have been published, and only one has been published in North America. Based on the success of this nomogram in developing empiric vancomycin regimens that achieve higher target trough concentrations with low rates of nephrotoxicity, a vancomycin nomogram targeting concentrations of 15 to 20 mg/L was developed and implemented at Emory University Hospital and Emory University Hospital Midtown. Objective To evaluate the impact of a vancomycin-dosing nomogram on the incidence of vancomycin- associated nephrotoxicity and the time to achieve targeted trough concentrations. Methods A retrospective chart review of 200 patients who received vancomycin dosed to achieve target trough serum concentrations of 15 to 20 mg/L was performed. Results After implementation of the vancomycin nomogram, no statistically significant difference in incidence of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity was found (14% vs 16%; P = .197). Fewer patients had an initial vancomycin trough concentration within target range (29.1% vs 21.7%; P < .001). Adherence to the nomogram was poor, with only 41% of patients being dosed per the nomogram's recommendations. Conclusion Based on our results, implementation of a vancomycin dosing nomogram had no impact on the incidence of nephrotoxicity, and significantly fewer patients had an initial vancomycin trough within the target range of 15 to 20 mg/L. The clinical utility of a vancomycin dosing nomogram is still to be determined.
Bradycardia after Intravenous Ondansetron with Asystole on Rechallenge: A Case Report
Authors: Rapp Jonathan H. , Yuen Meggie , Abraham Teena 
Published: November 2015

Purpose There have been 3 published reports (4 cases) of symptomatic sinus bradycardia occurring after intravenous (IV) administration of the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist ondansetron. We report a fifth case in which the patient developed asystole after rechallenge with ondansetron. Summary A 36-year-old pregnant patient with no cardiac history, status post cerclage for cervical insufficiency, experienced nausea in the post ambulatory care unit after administration of morphine and indomethacin for pain. After IV administration of ondansetron, the patient's heart rate decreased to the 40s and improved spontaneously. The patient experienced a second episode of nausea, another dose of ondansetron was administered, and the patient went into asystole. Advanced cardiac life support measures were initiated and chest compressions were conducted for 3 minutes with return of spontaneous circulation. The patient was monitored overnight with no development of new cardiac arrhythmias and was discharged from the hospital in stable condition. Conclusions Sinus bradycardia after IV administration of ondansetron was observed in a 36-year-old pregnant patient status post cerclage. On rechallenge, the patient went into asystole. This case report adds to the available literature regarding ondansetron-induced cardiac arrhythmias and the possibility of asystole upon rechallenge.
Beispiele für adaptive Prozeßsteuerungen bei bekannter Struktur des Prozeßmodells
Authors: Popović D. B. 
Published: November 2015

Die Prozeßoptimierung nach einem vorgegebenen Gütekriterium und die adaptive Prozeßsteuerung unter veränderlichen Umgebungsbedingungen stellen Automatisierungsziele dar, die mit einem Prozeßrechner durchgeführt werden können. Zu diesem Zweck müßte das dynamische mathematische Prozeßmodell im Rechner voreingespeichert zur Verfügung stehen. Als entscheidende Schwierigkeit auf diesem Wege erweist sich die Ermittlung des genannten Modells, da es sich dabei im allgemeinen um multivariable, nichtlineare Systeme mit verteilten Parametern handelt. Deshalb wird gegenüber dem dynamischen das statische mathematische Modelt bevorzugt, in dem nur die Modellstruktur als fest gegeben betrachtet wird, die variablen Modellparameter dagegen fortlaufend anhand von Meßdaten ermittelt werden. Somit kann das Modell ständig in Übereinstimmung mit dem augenblicklichen Zustand des Prozesses gebracht und zur optimalen Prozeßführung als ein prädiktives Prozeßmodell mit Eigenschaften zum Lernen angewendet werden.
Einige mathematische Verfahren, die sich zur Auswahl der Modellstruktur sowie zur „on-line“ - Ermittlung seiner Parameter besonders eignen, werden erörtert und ihre Anwendung zur Steuerung industrieller Prozesse an drei praktischen Beispielen wird demonstriert.
Übertragung von Verfahren der erweiterten harmonischen Linearisierung der Nichtlinearitäten in den Frequenzbereich
Authors: Ott M. 
Published: November 2015

Es werden die bei [ 1] erweiterten Verfahren der harmonischen Linearisierung für unsymmetrische Schwingungen der Nichtlinearitäten in den Frequenzbereich übertragen. Dabei sind die unsymmetrischen Selbst Schwingungen (Grenzschwingungen) und Erregungsfrequenzgänge bei gleichzeitig vorhandenen langsamen Regelsignalen sowie deren getrennten Verstärkungen (Beschreibungsfunktionen und Verschiebungsfunktionen) aus dem aufgeschnittenen Regelkreis ermittelt.
Beispiele zeigen das Vorgehen bei Regelkreisen mit auch mehreren Nichtlinearitäten.
Die Bestimmung von suboptimalen beschränkten Steuerfolgen bei linearen zeitinvarianten diskreten Systemen
Authors: Hartmann I. 
Published: November 2015

Für lineare zeitinvariante diskrete Systeme wird die beschränkte Eingangsfolge so bestimmt, daß jeder Zustand des Systems mindestens subzeitoptimal (fast optimal) in den Null-Zustandgeführt wird. (In dieser Arbeit wird das nur für reelle Eigenwerte der Systemmatrix gezeigt.) Das subzeitoptimale Verfahren ergibt sich aus der Untersuchung des Aufbaus von zeitoptimalen beschränkten Steuerfolgen.
Das Verfahren besteht aus zwei Teilen. Zustände x(1) mit einer großen Entfernung vom Null-Zustand werden in nicht mehr als (Ν + mopt) Abtastintervallen in den Ursprung gebracht (Ν Ordnung des Systems, mopt Anzahl der Abtastintervalle der zeitoptimalen Folge). Zustände x(1) in der Nähe des Null-Zustandes werden mit einer zeitoptimalen Folge in den Ursprung geführt.
Das vorgeschlagene Verfahren benötigt gegenüber den bisherigen zeitoptimalen Verfahren, insbesondere bei einer großen Anzahl von Abtastintervallen und hoher Ordnung des Systems ( Ν > 3), einen wesentlich geringeren Daten- und Zeitaufwand.
Über die erforderliche Genauigkeit der Frequenzgänge von Regelstrecken
Authors: Isermann R. 
Published: November 2015

Die erforderliche Genauigkeit der Frequenzgänge von Regelstrecken wird im Hinblick auf die Berechnung des Verhaltens des geschlossenen Regelkreises (Stabilitätsgrenze, Regelgüte, Einstellung der Reglerparameter) für Regelstrecken bis achter Ordnung mit P-, PI- bzw. PID-Reglern angegeben.
Je kleiner die Ordnungszahl ist, desto größer ist der genau zu ermittelnde Bereich des Frequenzganges der Regelstrecke. Bei Reglern mit D- Verhalten ist dieser Bereich am größten.
Regelvorgänge mit pneumatischen Abtastreglern an verfahrenstechnischen Regelstrecken mit Totzeit
Authors: Rathert H. 
Published: November 2015

Für Regelstrecken 1. und 2. Ordnung mit Totzeit wurden vier Abtastregler inbezug auf Stör- und Führungsverhalten mit einem kontinuierlichen Regler verglichen. Die Berechnung erfolgte mit Hilfe der Z-Transformation. Außerdem wurde der größte Verstärkungsfaktor eines jeden Abtastreglers in Abhängigkeit des Zeitkonstantenverhältnisses T1/Tt dargestellt.
Aus pneumatischen Logikschaltern und Verstärkern wurden pneumatische Abtastregier mit Schieberegistern für analoge pneumatische Signale im Bereich von 0,2 bis 1 atü gebaut sowie eine Regelanordnung mit Totzeitkompensation nach O. J. M. Smith pneumatisch verwirklicht.
An einer pneumatischen Modellregelstrecke und an zwei betrieblichen Regelstrecken mit Totzeit wurden praktische Regelungen durchgeführt.
Subzeitoptimale Steuergesetze für lineare zeitinvariante Systeme mit beliebiger Ordnung und beschränkter Steuergröße
Authors: Hartmann I. 
Published: November 2015

Die Struktur von zeitoptimalen Steuergesetzen für kontinuierliche lineare zeitinvariante Systeme mit verschiedenen reellen Eigenwerten wurde untersucht. Aufgrund dieser Kenntnisse kann am Schluß der Arbeit ein subzeitoptimales Steuergesetz angegeben werden.
Das Steuergesetz, das zu einem System n-ter Ordnung gehört, baut sich aus den Steuergesetzen von (n - 1) Teilsystemen 2. Ordnung auf. Die Teilsysteme sind so geordnet, daß das erste Teilsystem, zu dem die Eigenwerte λ1 und λ2 der Systemmatrix A mit dem kleinsten Absolutbetrag gehören, den ersten Zeitabschnitt der zeitoptimalen Steuerfunktion u* (t) im wesentlichen bestimmt. Teilsysteme, zu denen Eigenwerte mit größerem Absolutbetrag gehören (es gilt hier λn < λn-1... < λ2 < λ1 ≤ 0), haben im allgemeinen einen kleineren Einfluß auf die Bestimmung von u* (t). Das (n - 1 )-te Teilsystem mit den Eigenwerten λn-1 und λn beeinflußt hauptsächlich den vorletzten Zeitabschnitt von u* (t). Am Ende dieses Abschnittes haben alle Zustandskomponenten den gleichen Zeitabstand vom Ursprung, so daß im letzten Zeitabschnitt alle Teilsysteme die gleiche Steuerfunktion liefern.
Die in dieser Arbeit gewählte Darstellung erlaubt außerdem eine einfache geometrische Ableitung des Satzes von Feldbaum.
Adaptive Verfahren zur digitalen Regelung von Kugelmühlen in Zementwerken
Authors: Schulze H. 
Published: November 2015

Kugelmühlen zeigen beim Überschreiten des optimalen Arbeitspunktes instabiles Verhalten. Gleichzeitig treten hohe Laufzeiteffekte auf.
Zum Stabilisieren des Füllgrades wird ein Abtastregier höherer Ordnung verwendet. Die Kennwerte des Reglers werden über eine Identifikation im geschlossenen Regelkreis und eine anschließende Simulation numerisch ermittelt.
Der Wirkungsgrad der Mühle wird vom Füllgrad beeinflußt. Der Sollwert des Füllgrades wird mit einem Extremwertregler geführt, damit ein optimaler Wirkungsgrad erzielt wird.
Berechnung und Approximation des Gesamtübertragungsverhaltens von Zwangsdurchlaufdampferzeugern, Teil 1
Authors: Welfonder E. 
Published: November 2015

Die Berechnung des Gesamtübertragungsverhaltens von Zwangsdurchlaufdampferzeugern wird unter der Annahme konstanten Druckprofils und unter Berücksichtigung der Rückkopplungen zwischen Fluid- und Heizgastemperatur vorgenommen. Die sich bei je drei Prozeßeingangs- und Prozeßausgangsgroßen
ergebenden neun transzendenten Übertragungsfunktionen werden durch ein vereinfachtes Ersatzmodell 21. Ordnung angenähert. Die Untersuchung wird am Beispiel eines Zwangsdurchlaufdampferzeugers durchgeführt, der mittels Helium als Heizgas von einem Hochtemperaturreaktor beheizt wird.
The application of spherical standards for the evaluation of the accuracy of mapping shape in computed tomography
Authors: Ryniewicz Andrzej , Ostrowska Ksenia , Ryniewicz Wojciech , Sładek Jerzy , Bojko Łukasz , Krawczyk Marcin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Anatomical structures are characterized by free surfaces, and most are in lobed and pseudo-spherical shapes. The aim of this article is to analyze selected procedures for accuracy assessment of the shape and dimensions of these structures using certified sphere and Ball Bar standards and to propose metrology parameters facilitating comparison of diagnostic devices. The spherical standard of various materials and Ball Bar standards with various distances between spheres centers can be a tool for evaluation of computed tomography metrology applications. Errors in geometry mapping can be identified on the basis of standardized control systems used in coordinate measuring techniques.
Evaluation of autologous tissue sources for the isolation of endothelial cells and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells to pre-vascularize tissue-engineered vascular grafts
Authors: Lau Skadi , Schrimpf Claudia , Klingenberg Melanie , Helfritz Fabian , Aper Thomas , Haverich Axel , Wilhelmi Mathias , Böer Ulrike 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCurrently used synthetic vascular grafts bear a high infection risk due to insufficient microvascularization of the graft wall disabling the infiltration of immune cells. Tissue-engineered grafts with a functional pre-vascularization thus would be desirable. However, autologous tissue sources for capillary forming cells need to be evaluated. Here, peripheral blood outgrowth endothelial cells (PB-OEC) from 17 healthy donors and pericyte-like mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ASC) of 17 patients scheduled for visceral surgery were characterized and investigated regarding their ability to form capillary-like networks in plasma-derived fibrin gels. To obtain proliferating PB-OEC with endothelial cell-specific properties (CD31-, VE-cadherin-expression, ac-LDL uptake and three-dimensional (3D)-tube formation in fibrin gels) both enrichment of CD34
Therapeutic drug monitoring of infliximab: performance evaluation of three commercial ELISA kits
Authors: Schmitz Ellen M.H. , van de Kerkhof Daan , Hamann Dörte , van Dongen Joost L.J. , Kuijper Philip H.M. , Brunsveld Luc , Scharnhorst Volkher , Broeren Maarten A.C. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of infliximab (IFX, Remicade®) can aid to optimize therapy efficacy. Many assays are available for this purpose. However, a reference standard is lacking. Therefore, we evaluated the analytical performance, agreement and clinically relevant differences of three commercially available IFX ELISA kits on an automated processing system.

Methods: The kits of Theradiag (Lisa Tracker Infliximab), Progenika (Promonitor IFX) and apDia (Infliximab ELISA) were implemented on an automated processing system. Imprecision was determined by triplicate measurements of patient samples on five days. Agreement was evaluated by analysis of 30 patient samples and four spiked samples by the selected ELISA kits and the in-house IFX ELISA of Sanquin Diagnostics (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Therapeutic consequences were evaluated by dividing patients into four treatment groups using cut-off levels of 1, 3 and 7 μg/mL and determining assay concordance.

Results: Within-run and between-run imprecision were acceptable (≤12% and ≤17%, respectively) within the quantification range of the selected ELISA kits. The apDia assay had the best precision and agreement to target values. Statistically significant differences were found between all assays except between Sanquin Diagnostics and the Lisa Tracker assay. The Promonitor assay measured the lowest IFX concentrations, the apDia assay the highest. When patients were classified in four treatment categories, 70% concordance was achieved.

Conclusions: Although all assays are suitable for TDM, significant differences were observed in both imprecision and agreement. Therapeutic consequences were acceptable when patients were divided in treatment categories, but this could be improved by assay standardization.
Brands and Food-Related Decision Making in the Laboratory: How Does Food Branding Affect Acute Consumer Choice, Preference, and Intake Behaviours? A Systematic Review of Recent Experimental Findings
Authors: Boyland Emma J. , Christiansen Paul 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background: Several studies have explored factors influencing consumer choice of foods and non-alcoholic beverages (hereafter, foods), and brand information has been shown to affect potential determinants of eating behaviour, such as consumer attitudes. However, experimental studies have yet to fully elucidate the impact of brand information (presence versus absence of brand imagery) on actual behaviour, in terms of acute food-related decision making. This study aimed to review recent developments and identify key methodological considerations and future directions for this field.

Methods: This was a systematic review of recent experimental studies in which actual foods were presented to participants, with brand information manipulated at the point of taking an acute outcome measure of preference, choice or intake. Three electronic databases were searched for relevant publications (Web of Science, PubMed and PsycINFO). In order to capture recent research developments, searches were limited to English language papers published in the last five years (2010–) and electronic searches were supplemented by a manual search of reference sections in eligible papers.

Results: Ten papers were eligible for inclusion in this review, reporting on eleven experiments. Overall, the results did not show conclusively whether or not brand information affects acute food-related decision making, although effects on food intake were more consistent than effects on preference and choice. Where an impact of brand information was found, it appeared to be moderated by individual differences, specifically weight status, gender and psychological profile (particularly restraint).

Conclusion: This study highlighted the small number of relevant recent studies on this topic, and the substantial heterogeneity in design that exists across this literature. There is a clear need for more high quality, methodologically consistent research of branding effects on immediate food-related decisions. Consistent outcome reporting (such as demarcation of reporting across pertinent participant sub-groups) should also be encouraged to enable accurate comparisons and allow reliable conclusions to be drawn.