bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking the Climate and Thermal Phase Curve of 55 Cancri e
Authors: Hammond Mark , T. Pierrehumbert Raymond 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The thermal phase curve of 55 Cancri e is the first measurement of the temperature distribution of a tidally locked super-Earth, but raises a number of puzzling questions about the planet’s climate. The phase curve has a high amplitude and peak offset, suggesting that it has a significant eastward hot-spot shift as well as a large day–night temperature contrast. We use a general circulation model to model potential climates, and investigate the relation between bulk atmospheric composition and the magnitude of these seemingly contradictory features. We confirm theoretical models of tidally locked circulation are consistent with our numerical model of 55 Cnc e, and rule out certain atmospheric compositions based on their thermodynamic properties. Our best-fitting atmosphere has a significant hot-spot shift and day–night contrast, although these are not as large as the observed phase curve. We discuss possible physical processes that could explain the observations, and show that night-side cloud formation from species such as SiO from a day-side magma ocean could potentially increase the phase curve amplitude and explain the observations. We conclude that the observations could be explained by an optically thick atmosphere with a low mean molecular weight, a surface pressure of several bars, and a strong eastward circulation, with night-side cloud formation a possible explanation for the difference between our model and the observations.
Abundance indices and biological traits of juvenile salmon (Salmo salar) sampled in three rivers on the Atlantic and Channel coasts (France)
Authors: Marchand Frédéric , Beaulaton Laurent , Prévost Etienne , Delanoë Richard , Destouches Jean-Pierre , Gueraud François , Guilloux Yoann , Jeannot Nicolas , Huchet Emmanuel , Lange Frédéric , Rives Jacques , Tremblay Julien , Herrard Nadine , Azam Didier 
Published: November 2017

Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) is an anadromous migratory species adapted to cool temperatures. It is protected by the Bern convention and by the European Habitats Directive. It has been listed as vulnerable by the French IUCN Red List. Salmon decline is the result of combined and cumulated, mainly anthropic, causes: climate change, increasingly high number of impoundments, degradation of water quality and habitat and over-exploitation by fisheries. Monitoring of this species has been carried out on three rivers in France (Southern part of the distribution area) to produce data and knowledge (growth, precocious maturity, survival) for stock management.
For 24 years, a specific and standardised electric fishing protocol has been used to target young-of-the-year (0+ parr) Atlantic salmon. Sampling was restricted to areas with shallow running water that flows over a coarse bottom substrate, i.e. the preferred habitat of young salmon. This monitoring and inventory of growing areas thus allows assessment of juvenile recruitment and provides baseline data required to calculate total allowable catches (TACs).
The dataset currently consists of 47,077 occurrence data points from 105 sites spanning up to 24 years in three different watersheds in France. Beyond our project, this dataset has a clear utility to research since it associates abundance measurements with the measurement of biological traits and the collection of tissue samples. It allows for current and retrospective characterisation of individuals or populations, according to life history traits and genetic features in relation to changes in environmental conditions. The fact that the monitoring takes place in France, the southern part of the distribution area, over 24 years, makes the dataset particularly relevant for climate change studies.
DualTrack Technology Improves Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Image Quality
Authors: De Vitis Luigi A. , Sacconi Riccardo , Carnevali Adriano , Centoducati Teresa , Cavalleri Michele , Querques Lea , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the effects of DualTrack Motion Correction Technology on the performance of AngioVue optical coherence tomography angiography (Optovue, Freemont, CA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Fifty subjects underwent two consecutive examinations with AngioVue. The operator inactivated the eye-tracking (ET) technology before the second examination. Two operators measured execution time, excluded low-quality images, and counted the number of motion artifacts per image.

RESULTS:

The mean execution time was lower without ET in all the groups (
P
< .05), regardless of retinal diseases. Percentages of available images and low-quality images were 75.0% and 25.0%, respectively, with ET and 63.0% and 37.0%, respectively, without ET. Mean number of motion artifacts was significantly lower in images obtained using ET compared to images obtained without ET in all the groups (
P
< .0001), regardless of retinal diseases.

CONCLUSION:
Although ET technology increases the mean execution time, the reduction of motion artifacts and the increase of high-quality images may represent a great advantage in clinical practice.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:918–926.]
Reimagining STEM Education and Training with e-REAL. 3D and Holographic Visualization, Immersive and Interactive Learning for an Effective Flipped Classroom
Authors: Salvetti Fernando , Bertagni Barbara 
Published: November 2017

<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"> </p><p><span lang="EN-US"><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">While the 19th and the 20th centuries were, in education, mainly about standardization, the 21st century is about visualization, interaction, customization, gamification and flipped teaching. What today we know about learning from cognitive psychology is that people learn by practicing, with feedback to tell them what they're doing right and wrong and how to get better. For STEM education, that means they need to practice thinking like a scientist in the field. So e-REAL is a cornerstone: developed as workplace learning system in a number of fields (from medical simulation to soft skills development within the continuing education), it’s an ideal solution to root a practical – but not simplicistic - approach for STEM education.</span></strong></span></p>
Exploring the Future of Development Learning: The Open Learning Campus.
Authors: Jagannathan Sheila 
Published: November 2017

<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Open Learning Campus is changing the landscape for development learning around the world. By incorporating innovative ways of sharing knowledge across development professionals, partners, and clients, OLC provides learners a real opportunity to seamlessly and efficiently learn and grow, thereby increasing motivation and retention. This study explores the Open Learning Campus, its knowledge sharing tools and systems, as well as its impact within and outside the World Bank Group.</span></p>
Peripherally Generated Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Mediate the Immunomodulatory Effects of IVIg in Allergic Airways Disease
Authors: Massoud Amir H. , Kaufman Gabriel N. , Xue Di , Béland Marianne , Dembele Marieme , Piccirillo Ciriaco A. , Mourad Walid , Mazer Bruce D. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
IVIg is widely used as an immunomodulatory therapy. We have recently demonstrated that IVIg protects against airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation in mouse models of allergic airways disease (AAD), associated with induction of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg). Using mice carrying a DTR/EGFP transgene under the control of the Foxp3 promoter (DEREG mice), we demonstrate in this study that IVIg generates a de novo population of peripheral Treg (pTreg) in the absence of endogenous Treg. IVIg-generated pTreg were sufficient for inhibition of OVA-induced AHR in an Ag-driven murine model of AAD. In the absence of endogenous Treg, IVIg failed to confer protection against AHR and airway inflammation. Adoptive transfer of purified IVIg-generated pTreg prior to Ag challenge effectively prevented airway inflammation and AHR in an Ag-specific manner. Microarray gene expression profiling of IVIg-generated pTreg revealed upregulation of genes associated with cell cycle, chromatin, cytoskeleton/motility, immunity, and apoptosis. These data demonstrate the importance of Treg in regulating AAD and show that IVIg-generated pTreg are necessary and sufficient for inhibition of allergen-induced AAD. The ability of IVIg to generate pure populations of highly Ag-specific pTreg represents a new avenue to study pTreg, the cross-talk between humoral and cellular immunity, and regulation of the inflammatory response to Ags.
Prefiltering Model for Homology Detection Algorithms on GPU
Authors: Retamosa Germán , de Pedro Luis , González Ivan , Tamames Javier 
Published: November 2017

Homology detection has evolved over the time from heavy algorithms based on dynamic programming approaches to lightweight alternatives based on different heuristic models. However, the main problem with these algorithms is that they use complex statistical models, which makes it difficult to achieve a relevant speedup and find exact matches with the original results. Thus, their acceleration is essential. The aim of this article was to prefilter a sequence database. To make this work, we have implemented a groundbreaking heuristic model based on NVIDIA's graphics processing units (GPUs) and multicore processors. Depending on the sensitivity settings, this makes it possible to quickly reduce the sequence database by factors between 50% and 95%, while rejecting no significant sequences. Furthermore, this prefiltering application can be used together with multiple homology detection algorithms as a part of a next-generation sequencing system. Extensive performance and accuracy tests have been carried out in the Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology (NCB). The results show that GPU hardware can accelerate the execution times of former homology detection applications, such as National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for Proteins (BLASTP), up to a factor of 4. KEY POINTS • Owing to the increasing size of the current sequence datasets, filtering approach and high-performance computing (HPC) techniques are the best solution to process all these information in acceptable processing times. • Graphics processing unit cards and their corresponding programming models are good options to carry out these processing methods. • Combination of filtration models with HPC techniques is able to offer new levels of performance and accuracy in homology detection algorithms such as National Centre for Biotechnology Information Basic Local Alignment Search Tool.
Entitlement to Sickness Benefits in Sweden: The Social Insurance Officers Experiences
Authors: Söderberg Elsy , Mussener Ulrika 
Published: November 2017

Background Social insurance offices (SIOs) handle a wide range of complex assessments of the entitlement to sickness benefits for an increasing number of clients on sick leave and consequently, the demands on the SIOs have increased considerably. Aim To gain deeper knowledge of the problems experienced by the SIOs in their work associated with entitlement to sickness benefits. Method A descriptive and explorative qualitative approach was used to analyse data from two focus-group interviews, including six participants in each group. Results The participants discussed different dilemmas in regard to; physicians’ responsibility for issuing sickness certificates, interactions with the insured individuals, disclosure of decisions, communications with medical consultants, documentation of sickness benefit claims, threats in the workplace, as well as their own competence. The SIOs regarded incomplete information on sickness certificates as a main problem, because they frequently had to contact the client and the physicians who issued the certificates in order to obtain further details, leading to delays in the decision-making whether to grant sickness benefits. Conclusions More knowledge regarding SIOs work is required to improve the methods used in the sickness insurance system and to ensure adequate training of new staff members.
The Cow in the Room: Public Knowledge of the Links between Dietary Choices and Health and Environmental Impacts
Authors: Joyce Andrew W , Dixon Sarah , Comfort Jude , Hallett Jonathan 
Published: November 2017

Issue Addressed This paper describes results of a survey comparing people's knowledge of health and environmental impacts of dietary choices. Dietary choice is one of the key ways in which individuals can reduce their environmental impact in relation to water use and greenhouse gas emissions but this may not be widely known amongst the public due to limited press coverage. Methods A street intercept survey was conducted asking open ended questions on how people can help the environment, maintain or improve health and basic demographics. The sample size was 107 with a refusal rate of 51%. Results Only 3.2% of the sample made a link between dietary choice and environmental impact whereas 85.6% of the sample referred to dietary choice in relation to personal health. Transport options and keeping active were popular responses to both health and environmental categories. Conclusions It seems that very few people are aware that the livestock sector is the second largest contributor to equivalent greenhouse gas emissions and one of the largest users of fresh water. Reduction in red meat consumption could have both important positive health and environmental impacts.
Health, Climate Change and Energy Vulnerability: A Retrospective Assessment of Strategic Health Authority Policy and Practice in England
Authors: Richardson J. , Kagawa F. , Nichols A. 
Published: November 2017

Background A number of policy documents suggest that health services should be taking climate change and sustainability seriously and recommendations have been made to mitigate and adapt to the challenges health care providers will face. Actions include, for example, moving towards locally sourced food supplies, reducing waste, energy consumption and travel, and including sustainability in policies and strategies. A Strategic Health Authority (SHA) is part of the National Health Service (NHS) in England. They are responsible for developing strategies for the local health services and ensuring high-quality performance. They manage the NHS locally and are a key link between the U.K. Department of Health and the NHS. They also ensure that national priorities are integrated into local plans. Thus they are in a key position to influence policies and practices to mitigate and adapt to the impact of climate change and promote sustainability. Aim The aim of this study was to review publicly available documents produced by Strategic Health Authorities (SHA) to assess the extent to which current activity and planning locally takes into consideration climate change and energy vulnerability. Methods A retrospective thematic content analysis of publicly available materials was undertaken by two researchers over a six month period in 2008. These materials were obtained from the websites of the 10 SHAs in England. Materials included annual reports, plans, policies and strategy documents. Results Of the 10 SHAs searched, 4 were found to have an absence of content related to climate change and sustainability. Of the remaining 6 SHAs that did include content related to climate change and energy vulnerability on their websites consistent themes were seen to emerge. These included commitment to a regional sustainability framework in collaboration with other agencies in the pursuit and promotion of sustainable development. Results indicate that many SHAs in England have yet to embrace sustainability, or to integrate preparations for climate change and energy vulnerability within their organisational strategies. Evidence also suggests that SHAs that have recognised the importance of sustainability within their documentation and policies have yet to fully demonstrate this in practice through the implementation of these policies. Conclusions Further research is required to investigate means by which SHAs (U.K.) and agencies responsible for health service policy in other countries may be enabled to include a greater consideration of sustainability and climate change within their policies, and to find effective ways of implementing these policies within daily working practice.
Article Commentary: Women, Environments and Chronic Disease: Shifting the Gaze from Individual Level to Structural Factors
Authors: Hemsing Natalie , Greaves Lorraine 
Published: November 2017

IntroductionChronic heart and respiratory diseases are two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality affecting women. Patterns of and disparities in chronic diseases between sub-populations of women suggest that there are social as well as individual level factors which enhance or impede the prevention or development of chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. By examining the sex, gender and diversity based dimensions of women's lung and heart health and how these overlap with environmental factors we extend analysis of preventive health beyond the individual level. We demonstrate how biological, environmental and social factors interact and operate in women's lives, structuring their opportunities for health and abilities to prevent or manage chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.MethodsThis commentary is based on the findings from two evidence reviews, one conducted on women's heart health, and another on women's lung health. Additional literature was also reviewed which assessed the relationship between environmental factors and chronic heart and lung diseases. This paper explores how obesogenic environments, exposure to tobacco smoke, and the experience of living in deprived areas can affect women's heart and respiratory health. We discuss the barriers which impede women's ability to engage in physical activity, consume healthy foods, or avoid smoking, tobacco smoke, and other airborne contaminants.ResultsSex, gender and diversity clearly interact with environmental factors and shape women's promotion of health and prevention of chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The environments women live in structure their opportunities for health, and women navigate these environments in unique ways based on gender, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity and other social factors.DiscussionFuture research, policy and programs relating to the prevention of chronic disease need to move beyond linear individually-oriented models and address these complexities by developing frameworks and interventions which improve environmental conditions for all groups of women. Indeed, in order to improve women's health, broad social and economic policies and initiatives are required to eliminate negative environmental impacts on women's opportunities for health.
Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Analysis of 92 Odontogenic Tumors: A 5-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Sharma Ipsita , Venkatesh Deepa , Bawa Geetanjali , Vaseemuddin Syed , Joseph Amit , Sangtani Jimmy K 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Odontogenic tumors (OTs) are a heterogeneous group of lesions that are derived from odontogenic apparatus comprised of odontogenic epithelium, ectomesenchyme, and/or mesenchymal elements. The OTs show marked geographical variation. This study was conducted to analyze the epidemiology and clinicopathological presentation of OTs based on age, sex, and site.

Materials and methods
This study was conducted in Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. Records were reviewed retrospectively for all the lesions of oral cavity from January 2010 to December 2015. A total of 92 lesions were found to be OTs and were classified into benign and malignant tumors. They were further subdivided into three subtypes based on the types of odontogenic tissues involved. These were epithelial OTs (EOTs), mixed OTs (MIXOTs), and mesenchymal OTs (MOTs).

Results
Of 92 OTs, 84 were benign (males 48, females 36) and 8 were malignant (male 2, females 6). The most common benign tumor was ameloblastoma (AME) (20), followed by keratocystic OT (KCOT) (17), calcifying EOT (CEOT) (14), compound odontome (OD-Cd) (12), complex odontome (OD-Cx) (10), odontogenic fibroma (OF) (5), odontogenic myxoma (OM) (4), and cementoblastoma (CB) (2). The most common malignant tumor was primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) (3) followed by fibrosarcoma (FS) (3) and ameloblastic carcinoma (AC).

Conclusion
Author concluded that there was geographic and demographic variation in distribution of OTs, which may be attributed to socioeconomic and genetic factors.

Clinical significance
Literature showing prevalence of OTs in India is negligible. By this article, we have analyzed the frequency of various OTs according to sex, age, and site. A comprehensive record of OTs should be started so that pathologists and surgeons would be able to acquire the information about the tumor for reference in the future.

How to cite this article
Sharma I, Venkatesh D, Bawa G, Vaseemuddin S, Joseph A, Sangtani JK. Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Analysis of 92 Odontogenic Tumors: A 5-year Retrospective Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1056-1060.
Comparison of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty vs Hemiarthroplasty for Acute Fractures of the Proximal Humerus: Systematic Review
Authors: Borade Amrut U , Familiari Filippo , Choi Kyubo , Joseph Jacob , McFarland Edward G 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
The optimal treatment of proximal humerus fractures is debated; however, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has become increasingly popular as the primary treatment. We systematically reviewed the PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases to identify English-language clinical studies (evidence levels I through IV) comparing the results of RTSA with those of hemiarthroplasty (HA) for the treatment of acute proximal humerus fractures. We evaluated the following outcomes: Range of motion, patient-reported outcome measures (including pain relief), and complications. We identified eight published studies comparing RTSA with HA for treatment of acute proximal humerus fractures. The RTSA group (180 patients) showed significantly better postoperative pain relief, active anterior elevation, Constant-Murley scores, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores compared with the HA group (439 patients; all p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups for overall complications (RTSA, 11.8% vs HA, 20.8%), infections (2% for both groups), dislocations (RTSA, 0% vs HA, 2.5%), or nerve injury (RTSA, 1% vs HA, 2.8%). Scapular notching occurred in 15.8% of RTSA cases (grade I, 53%; grade II, 32%; grade III, 16%; and grade IV, 0%). In the treatment of acute proximal humerus fractures, RTSA provided better pain relief, postoperative anterior elevation, and outcome scores after surgery compared with HA and had similar complication rates.

Keywords
Complications, Outcomes, Pain, Reverse total shoulder, Shoulder hemiarthroplasty, Surgery, Systematic review.

How to cite this article
Borade AU, Familiari F, Choi K, Joseph J, McFarland EG. Comparison of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty vs Hemiarthroplasty for Acute Fractures of the Proximal Humerus: Systematic Review. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(4):182-187.