bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GROUND-BASED TRANSIT OBSERVATION OF THE HABITABLE-ZONE SUPER-EARTH K2-3D
Authors: Fukui Akihiko , Livingston John , Narita Norio , Hirano Teruyuki , Onitsuka Masahiro , Ryu Tsuguru , Kusakabe Nobuhiko 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the first ground-based transit observation of K2-3d, a 1.5 R
⊕ planet supposedly within the habitable zone around a bright M-dwarf host star, using the Okayama 188 cm telescope and the multi(grz)-band imager MuSCAT. Although the depth of the transit (0.7 mmag) is smaller than the photometric precisions (1.2, 0.9, and 1.2 mmag per 60 s for the g, r, and z bands, respectively), we marginally but consistently identify the transit signal in all three bands, by taking advantage of the transit parameters from K2, and by introducing a novel technique that leverages multi-band information to reduce the systematics caused by second-order extinction. We also revisit previously analyzed Spitzer transit observations of K2-3d to investigate the possibility of systematic offsets in transit timing, and find that all the timing data can be explained well by a linear ephemeris. We revise the orbital period of K2-3d to be 44.55612 ± 0.00021 days, which corrects the predicted transit times for 2019, i.e., the era of the James Webb Space Telescope, by ∼80 minutes. Our observation demonstrates that (1) even ground-based, 2 m class telescopes can play an important role in refining the transit ephemeris of small-sized, long-period planets, and (2) a multi-band imager is useful to reduce the systematics of atmospheric origin, in particular for bluer bands and for observations conducted at low-altitude observatories.
THE TIMESCALE-DEPENDENT COLOR VARIABILITY OF QUASARS VIEWED WITH GALEX
Authors: Zhu(朱飞凡) Fei-Fan , Wang(王俊贤) Jun-Xian , Cai(蔡振翼) Zhen-Yi , Sun(孙玉涵) Yu-Han 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
In a recent work by Sun et al., the color variation of quasars, namely the bluer-when-brighter trend, was found to be timescale dependent using the SDSS

band light curves in Stripe 82. Such timescale dependence, i.e., bluer variation at shorter timescales, supports the thermal fluctuation origin of the UV/optical variation in quasars, and can be modeled well with the inhomogeneous accretion disk model. In this paper, we extend the study to much shorter wavelengths in the rest frame (down to extreme UV) using GALaxy Evolution eXplorer (GALEX) photometric data of quasars collected in two ultraviolet bands (near-UV and far-UV). We develop Monte Carlo simulations to correct for possible biases due to the considerably larger photometric uncertainties in the GALEX light curves (particularly in the far-UV, compared with the SDSS

bands), which otherwise could produce artificial results. We securely confirm the previously discovered timescale dependence of the color variability with independent data sets and at shorter wavelengths. We further find that the slope of the correlation between the amplitude of the color variation and timescale appears even steeper than predicted by the inhomogeneous disk model, which assumes that disk fluctuations follow a damped random walk (DRW) process. The much flatter structure function observed in the far-UV compared with that at longer wavelengths implies deviation from the DRW process in the inner disk, where rest-frame extreme UV radiation is produced.
APOCENTER GLOW IN ECCENTRIC DEBRIS DISKS: IMPLICATIONS FOR FOMALHAUT AND ϵ ERIDANI
Authors: Pan Margaret , Nesvold Erika R. , Kuchner Marc J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Debris disks often take the form of eccentric rings with azimuthal asymmetries in surface brightness. Such disks are often described as showing “pericenter glow,” an enhancement of the disk brightness in regions nearest the central star. At long wavelengths, however, the disk apocenters should appear brighter than their pericenters: in the long-wavelength limit, we find that the apocenter/pericenter flux ratio scales as

for disk eccentricity e. We produce new models of this “apocenter glow” to explore its causes and wavelength dependence and study its potential as a probe of dust grain properties. Based on our models, we argue that several far-infrared and (sub)millimeter images of the Fomalhaut and ϵ Eridani debris rings obtained with Herschel, JCMT, SHARC II, ALMA, and ATCA should be reinterpreted as suggestions or examples of apocenter glow. This reinterpretation yields new constraints on the disks’ dust grain properties and size distributions.
SUPER-EARTHS AS FAILED CORES IN ORBITAL MIGRATION TRAPS
Authors: Hasegawa Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
I explore whether close-in super-Earths were formed as rocky bodies that failed to grow fast enough to become the cores of gas giants before the natal protostellar disk dispersed. I model the failed cores’ inward orbital migration in the low-mass or type I regime to stopping points at distances where the tidal interaction with the protostellar disk applies zero net torque. The three kinds of migration traps considered are those due to the dead zone's outer edge, the ice line, and the transition from accretion to starlight as the disk's main heat source. As the disk disperses, the traps move toward final positions near or just outside 1 au. Planets at this location exceeding about 3 M
⊕ open a gap, decouple from their host traps, and migrate inward in the high-mass or type II regime to reach the vicinity of the star. I synthesize the population of planets that formed in this scenario, finding that a fraction of the observed super-Earths could have been failed cores. Most super-Earths that formed this way have more than 4 M
⊕, so their orbits when the disks dispersed were governed by type II migration. These planets have solid cores surrounded by gaseous envelopes. Their subsequent photoevaporative mass loss is most effective for masses originally below about 6 M
⊕. The failed core scenario suggests a division of the observed super-Earth mass–radius diagram into five zones according to the inferred formation history.
SHIELD: COMPARING GAS AND STAR FORMATION IN LOW-MASS GALAXIES
Authors: Teich Yaron G. , McNichols Andrew T. , Nims Elise , Cannon John M. , Adams Elizabeth A. K. , Giovanelli Riccardo , Haynes Martha P. , McQuinn Kristen B. W. , Salzer John J. , Skillman Evan D. , Bernstein-Cooper Elijah Z. , Dolphin Andrew , Elson E. C. , Haurberg Nathalie , Józsa Gyula I. G. , Ott Jürgen , Saintonge Amelie , Warren Steven R. , Cave Ian , Hagen Cedric , Huang Shan , Janowiecki Steven , Marshall Melissa V. , Thomann Clara M. , Sistine Angela Van 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We analyze the relationships between atomic, neutral hydrogen (H i) and star formation (SF) in the 12 low-mass SHIELD galaxies. We compare high spectral (∼0.82 km s−1 ch−1) and spatial resolution (physical resolutions of 160–640 pc) H i imaging from the VLA with Hα and far-ultraviolet imaging. We quantify the degree of co-spatiality between star-forming regions and regions of high H i column densities. We calculate the global star formation efficiencies (SFE;

/

) and examine the relationships among the SFE and H i mass, H i column density, and star formation rate (SFR). The systems are consuming their cold neutral gas on timescales of order a few gigayears. While we derive an index for the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation of N ≈ 0.68 ± 0.04 for the SHIELD sample as a whole, the values of N vary considerably from system to system. By supplementing SHIELD results with those from other surveys, we find that H i mass and UV-based SFR are strongly correlated over five orders of magnitude. Identification of patterns within the SHIELD sample allows us to bin the galaxies into three general categories: (1) mainly co-spatial H i and SF regions, found in systems with the highest peak H i column densities and highest total H i masses; (2) moderately correlated H i and SF regions, found in systems with moderate H i column densities; and (3) obvious offsets between H i and SF peaks, found in systems with the lowest total H i masses. SF in these galaxies is dominated by stochasticity and random fluctuations in their ISM.
BABCOCK–LEIGHTON SOLAR DYNAMO: THE ROLE OF DOWNWARD PUMPING AND THE EQUATORWARD PROPAGATION OF ACTIVITY
Authors: Karak Bidya Binay , Cameron Robert 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
The key elements of the Babcock–Leighton dynamos are the generation of poloidal field through decay and the dispersal of tilted bipolar active regions and the generation of toroidal field through the observed differential rotation. These models are traditionally known as flux transport dynamo models as the equatorward propagations of the butterfly wings in these models are produced due to an equatorward flow at the bottom of the convection zone. Here we investigate the role of downward magnetic pumping near the surface using a kinematic Babcock–Leighton model. We find that the pumping causes the poloidal field to become predominately radial in the near-surface shear layer, which allows the negative radial shear to effectively act on the radial field to produce a toroidal field. We observe a clear equatorward migration of the toroidal field at low latitudes as a consequence of the dynamo wave even when there is no meridional flow in the deep convection zone. Both the dynamo wave and the flux transport type solutions are thus able to reproduce some of the observed features of the solar cycle including the 11-year periodicity. The main difference between the two types of solutions is the strength of the Babcock–Leighton source required to produce the dynamo action. A second consequence of the magnetic pumping is that it suppresses the diffusion of fields through the surface, which helps to allow an 11-year cycle at (moderately) larger values of magnetic diffusivity than have previously been used.
Explanatory Style in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Unrecognized Predictor of Mortality
Authors: Crowson Aaron D. , Colligan Robert C. , Matteson Eric L. , Davis John M. , Crowson Cynthia S. 
Published: November 2016

Objective.To determine whether pessimistic explanatory style altered the risk for and mortality of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.The study included subjects from a population-based cohort with incident RA and a non-RA comparison cohort who completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.Results.Among 148 RA and 135 non-RA subjects, pessimism was associated with development of rheumatoid factor (RF)–positive RA. Pessimism was associated with an increased risk of mortality [HR 2.88 with similar magnitude to RF+ (HR 2.28)].Conclusion.Pessimistic explanatory style was associated with an increased risk of developing RA and increased mortality rate in patients with RA.
<b>Sward structure, light interception and herbage accumulation in forage peanut cv. Belmonte subjected to strategies of intermittent grazing management
Authors: Brunetti Henrique Bauab , Carvalho Lucas Da Rocha , Chiavegato Marília Barbosa , Silva Sila Carneiro da 
Published: November 2016

Nitrogen fertilization ensures productivity and persistency of pastures, but may be expensive. Perennial forage peanut, becomes an interesting alternative for N supply. Little is known about its use under grazing. The objective of this study was to evaluate regrowth process of forage peanut using an experimental protocol analogous to tropical forage grasses under rotational grazing. Treatments corresponded to two pre- (95% and maximum canopy light interception – LI95% and LIMax) and two post-grazing (post-grazing heights of 40 and 60% of pre-grazing height) conditions, in a 2x2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (n = 4). Targets of LI pre-grazing affected pre-grazing height and LI post-grazing. The residual sward LAI did not vary, resulting in similar grazing interval. Greater rates and total herbage accumulation were recorded for LIMax target, consequence of the greater accumulation of stolons at the lower strata of the swards. Greater percentage of leaflets was recorded for the LI95% target. Given the stoloniferous growth habit of forage peanut, stolon accumulation in the lower strata of the sward do not represent a limitation to leaf accumulation and morphological composition. The greater pre-grazing sward height associated with the LIMax target facilitate herbage prehension and intake, further investigation is needed.
Immunological Outcomes of Antibody Binding to Glycans Shared between Microorganisms and Mammals
Authors: Patel Preeyam , Kearney John F. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Glycans constitute basic cellular components of living organisms across biological kingdoms, and glycan-binding Abs participate in many cellular interactions during immune defense against pathogenic organisms. Glycan epitopes are expressed as carbohydrate-only entities or as oligomers or polymers on proteins and lipids. Such epitopes on glycoproteins may be formed by posttranslational modifications or neoepitopes resulting from metabolic–catabolic processes and can be altered during inflammation. Pathogenic organisms can display host-like glycans to evade the host immune response. However, Abs to glycans, shared between microorganisms and the host, exist naturally. These Abs are able to not only protect against infectious disease, but also are involved in host housekeeping functions and can suppress allergic disease. Despite the reactivity of these Abs to glycans shared between microorganisms and host, diverse tolerance-inducing mechanisms permit the B cell precursors of these Ab-secreting cells to exist within the normal B cell repertoire.
Immune-Mediated Protection and Pathogenesis of Chikungunya Virus
Authors: Fox Julie M. , Diamond Michael S. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging alphavirus that causes debilitating acute and chronic arthritis. Infection by CHIKV induces a robust immune response that is characterized by production of type I IFNs, recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells, and development of neutralizing Abs. Despite this response, chronic arthritis can develop in some individuals, which may be due to a failure to eliminate viral RNA and Ag and/or persistent immune responses that cause chronic joint inflammation. In this review, based primarily on advances from recent studies in mice, we discuss the innate and adaptive immune factors that control CHIKV dissemination and clearance or contribute to pathogenesis.
An epidemiological profile of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Sinha B , Vibha  , Singla R , Chowdhury R 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Different definitions used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) preclude getting reliable prevalence estimates. Study objective was to find the prevalence of COPD as per standard Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease definition, risk factors associated, and treatment seeking in adults >30 years.

Methodology:
Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Delhi, among 1200 adults, selected by systematic random sampling. Pretested questionnaire was used to interview all subjects and screen for symptoms of COPD. Postbronchodilator spirometry was done to confirm COPD.

Statistical Analysis:
Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was calculated by multivariable analysis to examine the association of risk factors with COPD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was developed to assess predictability. Results: The prevalence of COPD was 10.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.5, 11.9%). Tobacco smoking was the strongest risk factor associated (aOR 9.48; 95% CI 4.22, 14.13) followed by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), occupational exposure, age, and biomass fuel. Each pack-year of smoking increased 15% risk of COPD. Ex-smokers had 63% lesser risk compared to current smokers. Clinical allergy seems to preclude COPD (aOR 0.06; 95% CI 0.02, 0.37). ROC analysis showed 94.38% of the COPD variability can be assessed by this model (sensitivity 57.4%; positive predictive value 93.3%). Only 48% patients were on treatment. Treatment continuation was impeded by its cost.

Conclusion:
COPD prevalence in the region of Delhi, India, is high, and our case-finding population study identified a high rate of patients who were not on any treatment. Our study adds to creating awareness on the importance of smoking cessation, early diagnosis of COPD, and the need for regular treatment.
Modélisation et simulation de l'écoulement réactif en régime laminaire ou turbulent dans un four cylindrique
Authors: N'Wuitcha K. , Igo S.W. , Atchonouglo K. , Palm K. , Banna M. , Zeghmati B. 
Published: November 2016

The present study aims to optimize volatile organic compounds combustion during municipal solid wastes incineration. A numerical study of volatile organic compounds combustion in laminar or turbulent regime is presented.In laminar regime, mixed convection equations, associated to radiative transfer equation and a global kinetics model are proposed and solved.In turbulent regime, transfer equations associated to global kinetics model and radiative transfer equation are proposed and solved using Fluent Software. The standard k – ε model was used for the modeling of the turbulence phenomena and discrete ordinate method for radiative heat transfer. The turbulence-chemistry interaction is depicted by Eddy–Dissipation model.The results showed that the efficiency of the combustion of organic compounds decreases with the increase of the flow rate of the smokes. The turbulence parameters such as turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate are strongly affected by the combustion and reciprocally, showing the interaction between combustion and turbulence. These parameters values increase with the augmentation of the flow rate of the smokes. The combustion of volatile organic compounds is more efficient in laminar regime than in turbulent regime, for this kind of cylindrical geometry of the incinerator.
Le présent travail a pour objectif principal d’optimiser la combustion des composés organiques volatils issus de l’incinération des déchets ménagers solides. Une étude numérique de la combustion des composés organiques volatils en régime laminaire ou turbulent est présentée.En régime laminaire, les équations de la convection mixte, auxquelles nous avons associé, l’équation de transfert radiatif et un modèle de cinétique globale, ont été proposées et résolues.En régime turbulent, les équations de transfert couplées au modèle de cinétique globale et à l’équation de transferts radiatifs ont été proposées et résolues en utilisant le code Fluent Software. Pour le modèle de fermeture, nous avons choisi le modèle k – ε, et pour l’équation de transfert radiatif, la méthode des ordonnées discrètes. L’interaction entre la turbulence et la cinétique chimique est assurée par le modèle Eddy–Dissipation.Les résultats montrent que le procédé de thermodestruction des composés des fumées est d’autant plus efficace que le débit des fumées est faible. Les paramètres de la turbulence, à savoir l’énergie cinétique turbulente et son taux de dissipation, sont fortement influencés par la combustion et réciproquement, montrant un fort couplage entre la turbulence et la combustion. Les valeurs de ces paramètres augmentent avec l’accroissement du débit massique des fumées. La combustion des composés organiques volatils est plus efficace en régime laminaire qu’en régime turbulent pour ce type d’incinérateur cylindrique.
Satellite observations of atmospheric methane and their value for quantifying methane emissions
Authors: Jacob Daniel J. , Turner Alexander J. , Maasakkers Joannes D. , Sheng Jianxiong , Sun Kang , Liu Xiong , Chance Kelly , Aben Ilse , McKeever Jason , Frankenberg Christian 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Methane is a greenhouse gas emitted by a range of natural and anthropogenic sources. Atmospheric methane has been measured continuously from space since 2003, and new instruments are planned for launch in the near future that will greatly expand the capabilities of space-based observations. We review the value of current, future, and proposed satellite observations to better quantify and understand methane emissions through inverse analyses, from the global scale down to the scale of point sources and in combination with suborbital (surface and aircraft) data. Current global observations from Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) are of high quality but have sparse spatial coverage. They can quantify methane emissions on a regional scale (100–1000 km) through multiyear averaging. The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), to be launched in 2017, is expected to quantify daily emissions on the regional scale and will also effectively detect large point sources. A different observing strategy by GHGSat (launched in June 2016) is to target limited viewing domains with very fine pixel resolution in order to detect a wide range of methane point sources. Geostationary observation of methane, still in the proposal stage, will have the unique capability of mapping source regions with high resolution, detecting transient "super-emitter" point sources and resolving diurnal variation of emissions from sources such as wetlands and manure. Exploiting these rapidly expanding satellite measurement capabilities to quantify methane emissions requires a parallel effort to construct high-quality spatially and sectorally resolved emission inventories. Partnership between top-down inverse analyses of atmospheric data and bottom-up construction of emission inventories is crucial to better understanding methane emission processes and subsequently informing climate policy.
Simultaneous Determination of Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Chenodeoxycholic Acid in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by HPLC–UV Detection
Authors: Khairy Mostafa A , Mansour Fotouh R 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
A reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and the epimeric isomer, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), in their synthetic mixtures and in tablet dosage form. The proposed HPLC method uses a C18 column and mobile phase consisting of an acetonitrile–phosphate buffer mixture (pH 2.3, 100 mM; 50 + 50, v/v) at a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min with UV detection at 210 nm. The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines; and linearity, range,accuracy, precision, robustness,and system suitability were studied. The LOD and LOQ were also calculated and found to be 1.23 and 3.73 μg/mL for UDCA and 0.83 and 2.52 μg/mL for CDCA, respectively. The method was adapted for UHPLC, in which baseline separation was achieved in &lt;2.5 min. The assay results of Ursomix tablets by the developed method were statistically compared with those obtained by the reference method using t- and F-tests, and no significant differences were observed.