bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of CD39, CD43, CD81, and CD95 expression for differentiating B cell lymphoma by flow cytometry
Authors: Cardoso Chandra Chiappin , Auat Mariangeles , Santos‐Pirath Iris Mattos , Rudolf‐Oliveira Renata Cristina Messores , da Silva Jessica Pires , Lange Bárbara Gil , Siegel Danielle , de Moraes Ana Carolina Rabello , Del Moral Joanita Angela Gonzaga , Santos‐Silva Maria Claudia 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundB cell lymphomas' (BCL) current diagnosis is usually based on a combination of morphology, immunophenotype, recurrent cytogenetic aberration and clinical features. However, even with these diagnostic tools, a definitive diagnosis can be difficult to achieve. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the profile of CD39, CD43, CD81, and CD95 expressions in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cases.MethodsTo address this issue, we investigated the expression of CD39, CD43, CD81, and CD95 by eight‐color flow cytometry in retrospective cases from 2014 to 2016.ResultsThe study included 27 adult patients diagnosed with DLBCL, FL, and BL during the study period. Four patients were diagnosed with germinal center B cell‐like DLBCL (GCB DLBCL), seven with non‐GCB DLBCL, nine with FL, and seven with BL. CD39 seems to be especially relevant to differentiate non‐GCB DLBCL from BL and from FL. BL showed stronger expression of CD43 when compared to FL and GCB DLBCL. Moreover, CD43 may help to distinguish non‐GCB DLBCL from GCB DLBCL. CD81 expression was much stronger in BL when compared to the other three groups of patients. Lastly, CD95 may also help to distinguish BL from the other subtypes, as BL cells expressed this antigen at low levels.ConclusionsIn combination, CD39, CD43, CD81, and CD95 expressions appear to be helpful to distinguish CD10+ BCL, particularly BL. Phenotypic distinction between FL and GCB DLBCL remains challenging and requires further studies. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Resequencing and comparison of whole mitochondrial genome to gain insight into the evolutionary status of the Shennongjia golden snub‐nosed monkey (SNJ R. roxellana)
Authors: Hong Yanyun , Duo Hairui , Hong Juyun , Yang Jinyuan , Liu Shiming , Yu Lianghui , Yi Tuyong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractShennongjia Rhinopithecus roxellana (SNJ R. roxellana) is the smallest geographical population of R. roxellana. The phylogenetic relationships among its genera and species and the biogeographic processes leading to their current distribution are largely unclear. To address these issues, we resequenced and obtained a new, complete mitochondrial genome of SNJ R. roxellana by next‐generation sequencing and standard Sanger sequencing. We analyzed the gene composition, constructed a phylogenetic tree, inferred the divergence ages based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences, and analyzed the genetic divergence of 13 functional mtDNA genes. The phylogenetic tree and divergence ages showed that R. avunculus (the Tonkin snub‐nosed monkey) was the first to diverge from the Rhinopithecus genus ca. 2.47 million years ago (Ma). Rhinopithecus bieti and Rhinopithecus strykeri formed sister groups, and the second divergence from the Rhinopithecus genus occurred ca. 1.90 Ma. R. roxellana and R. brelichi diverged from the Rhinopithecus genus third, ca. 1.57 Ma. SNJ R. roxellana was the last to diverge within R. roxellana species in 0.08 Ma, and the most recent common ancestor of R. roxellana is 0.10 Ma. The analyses on gene composition showed SNJ R. roxellana was the newest geographic population of R. roxellana. The work will help to develop a more accurate protection policy for SNJ R. roxellana and facilitate further research on selection and adaptation of R. roxellana.
RNA editing by the host ADAR system affects the molecular evolution of the Zika virus
Authors: Piontkivska Helen , Frederick Madeline , Miyamoto Michael M. , Wayne Marta L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito‐transmitted flavivirus, linked to microcephaly and fetal death in humans. Here, we investigate whether host‐mediated RNA editing of adenosines (ADAR) plays a role in the molecular evolution of ZIKV. Using complete coding sequences for the ZIKV polyprotein, we show that potential ADAR substitutions are underrepresented at the ADAR‐resistant GA dinucleotides of both the positive and negative strands, that these changes are spatially and temporally clustered (as expected of ADAR editing) for three branches of the viral phylogeny, and that ADAR mutagenesis can be linked to its codon usage. Furthermore, resistant GA dinucleotides are enriched on the positive (but not negative) strand, indicating that the former is under stronger purifying selection than the latter. ADAR editing also affects the evolution of the rhabdovirus sigma. Our study now documents that host ADAR editing is a mutation and evolutionary force of positive‐ as well as negative‐strand RNA viruses.
Disentangling the effects of date, individual, and territory quality on the seasonal decline in fitness
Authors: Pärt Tomas , Knape Jonas , Low Matthew , Öberg Meit , Arlt Debora 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe seasonal timing of reproduction is a major fitness factor in many organisms. Commonly, individual fitness declines with time in the breeding season. We investigated three suggested but rarely tested hypotheses for this seasonal fitness decline: (1) time per se (date hypothesis), (2) late breeders are of lower quality than early ones (individual quality hypothesis), and (3) late breeders are breeding at poorer territories than early breeders (territory quality hypothesis). We used Bayesian variance component analyses to examine reproductive output (breeding success, number fledged, and number of recruits) from repeated observations of female Northern Wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) and individual territories from a 20‐yr population study. The major part of the observed seasonal decline in reproductive output seemed to be driven by date‐related effects, whereas female age and territory type (i.e., known indicators of temporary quality) contributed to a smaller degree. Other, persistent effects linked to individual and territory identity did not show any clear patterns on the seasonal decline in reproductive output. To better disentangle the quality effects (persistent and temporary) of individual and territory from effects caused by the deterioration of the environment we suggest a protocol combining experimental manipulation of breeding time with a variance–covariance partitioning method used here.
Basic Design Method for SPMSM Based on Air‐Gap Magnetic Flux Density Distribution Focusing on Image Magnetic Pole
Authors: SUGIYAMA TAKAHIRO 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYThis paper presents a basic design method for the surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) for both distributed and concentrated windings. The design is based on the air‐gap magnetic flux density distribution focusing on the image magnetic pole. The calculus equation of the air‐gap magnetic flux density distribution is analytically derived by supposing the magnetic pole is located on the magnet surface and image planes. In this study, a three‐phase and double‐layer stator winding SPMSM that has a linear demagnetizing characteristic magnet, such as a ferrite or rare‐earth magnet is considered. From the required specifications and design conditions, the design target values of the parameters that appear in the voltages equations of the d–q axis coordinate system are calculated. Then, the relational equations for the torque constant, d‐axis inductance, copper loss, and the maximum current density are presented as a function of three design parameters under id = 0 control. They are the stator stack length, the number of coil turns in series in a phase, and the slot bottom length. Hence, this approach reduces the SPMSM basic design to the problem with these design parameters has to be solved. The proposed method makes it possible to address the concentrated winding as a special case of the distributed winding. The FEA results confirm the validity of the proposed basic design method for both distributed and concentrated windings.
Experimental Services of Energy Management for Energy Users in Business Region on Miyakojima City All‐Islands EMS Demonstration Project
Authors: IINO YUTAKA , OGITA YOSHIHIRO , SHIMODA GAKU , ZENHIRA MASARU , MIKAMI SATORU , IKEMA YUKIO 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYSmart grid and demand response (DR) had been attracting attention and evaluated in several demonstration projects. Many DR experimental results for residential and large‐scale buildings had been evaluated, while evaluation for small size buildings seems to be not enough. In this paper, a new energy service combined EMS method is proposed for small size buildings. Then results of its application to Miyako Island All‐Islands EMS Demonstration Project are introduced. The experimental services include not only DRs but also peak cutting recommendations and energy analysis reports. The results show combination of services can realize more effects than individual service. Especially the peak cutting recommendations and energy analysis reports help energy consumers to learn and understand how to save and manage energy usages that lead to effective DR potentials. Also the experimental system developed for energy data measurement and DR management as an island community EMS is intrduced.
PoPD Modified ITO Based Capacitive Immunosensor for Sulphathiazole
Authors: Prusty Arun Kumar , Bhand Sunil 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA capacitive immunosensor for determination of sulphathaizole (STZ) has been developed on polymer coated indium tin oxide glass chip (ITO). The immunosensor chip was fabricated by polymerizing, ortho‐phenylenediamine (oPD) on ITO followed by surface modification with anti‐sulphathiazole antibody. The developed immunosensor chip was characterized by using Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Cyclicvoltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The capacitive measurement of the developed immunosensor was performed by using EIS in spiked drinking water and milk. The developed sensor showed liner detection range 0.1‐100 μgL−1for STZ with a limit of detection 0.01 μgL−1 in water with recovery between 95–106 %. The biosensor showed excellent selectivity and storage stability upto 4 weeks when preserved at 4 °C.
Effect of intumescent compositions on flammable properties of ethylene vinyl acetate and polypropylene
Authors: Giang Thanhkieu , Hoang Dongquy , Kim Jinhwan 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAn intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system was prepared by 2 ways. Firstly, bis(2,6,7‐trioxa‐1‐phosphabicyclo[2,2,2]octane‐1‐oxa‐4‐hydroxymethyl) phosphonate methyl (bis‐PM) was synthesized and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 31P NMR, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. This carbonization agent was mixed with melamine (ME), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and pentaerythritol (PER) to constitute an IFR system. Secondly, an IFR system by reaction was prepared by reaction, and the presence of compositions in product was confirmed by 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared. Both of systems enhanced the flammable retardation of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polypropylene (PP). Flammability and thermal behaviors of IFR‐EVA and IFR‐PP were investigated by vertical burning test (UL‐94 V) and thermogravimetric analysis. Results indicated that the IFR systems performed excellent flame retardancy and antidripping ability for PP. At 30 wt% loading, the optimum flame retardant formulations that are bis‐PM/ME: 4/1, bis‐PM/ME/PER: 3/1/1, APP/ME/PER: 3/1/1, and bis‐PM/ME/PER/APP: 1.5/1.5/1/1 give UL‐94 V‐0 rating. However, V‐0 rating results were only obtained for EVA when systems contain bis‐PM/ME: 4/1 and bis‐PM/ME/PER: 3/1/1. The char yield from decomposition of the IFR‐EVA and IFR‐PP has effects on the flame retardancy and antidripping behaviors of EVA and PP.
Increased adipose tissue expression of IL‐18R and its ligand IL‐18 associates with inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity
Authors: Ahmad Rasheed , Thomas Reeby , Kochumon Shihab , Sindhu Sardar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe proinflammatory cytokine IL‐18 is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. While the changes in IL‐18 are known, IL‐18R expression and relationship with IL‐18 and other inflammatory markers in the adipose tissue in obesity/type‐2 diabetes (T2D) remain unclear.MethodsWe, therefore, determined the adipose tissue expression of IL‐18R and IL‐18 mRNA/protein in lean, overweight, and obese individuals with and without T2D, 15 each, using qRT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry, and confocal microscopy. Data (mean ± SEM) were analyzed using unpaired t‐test and Pearson's correlation (r); all P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsWe found the upregulated gene/protein expression of IL‐18R and IL‐18 in non‐diabetic obese/overweight as compared with lean individuals (P < 0.05). BMI correlated positively (P < 0.05) with the adipose tissue expression of IL‐18R (mRNA: r = 0.90 protein: r = 0.84) and IL‐18 (mRNA: r = 0.84 protein: r = 0.80). Similarly, in T2D individuals, gene and protein expression of IL‐18R/IL‐18 was significantly higher in obese as compared with overweight/lean individuals. The BMI was associated with the changes in both IL‐18R (mRNA: r = 0.55 protein: r = 0.50) and IL‐18 (mRNA: r = 0.53 protein: r = 0.57) expression. IL‐18R/IL‐18 gene expression in the adipose tissue was positively associated (P < 0.05) with local gene expression of other inflammatory markers including CD11c, CD86, CD68, CD163, TNF‐α, and CCL5. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was higher in diabetic/non‐diabetic obese and it correlated with BMI (P < 0.05). IL‐18R and IL‐18 mRNA/protein expression in obesity was associated with HOMA‐IR only in non‐diabetics.ConclusionsThe adipose tissue IL‐18R/IL‐18 expression is enhanced in obesity which associates with proinflammatory gene signature and insulin resistance in these individuals.
A new transcript in the TCRB locus unveils the human ortholog of the mouse pre‐Dß1 promoter
Authors: Lethé Bernard , Snauwaert Sylvia , Bricard Orian , Schröder David , Gomard Tiphanie , Hames Gérald , Muller Catherine , Lurquin Christophe , Gauthy Emilie , Essaghir Ahmed , Vandekerckhove Bart , Coulie Pierre G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionWhile most transcripts arising from the human T Cell Receptor locus reflect fully rearranged genes, several germline transcripts have been identified. We describe a new germline transcript arising from the human TCRB locus.MethodscDNA sequencing, promoter, and gene expression analyses were used to characterize the new transcript.ResultsThe new germline transcript encoded by the human TCRB locus consists of a new exon of 103 bp, which we named TRBX1 (X1), spliced with the first exon of gene segments Cß1 or Cß2. X1 is located upstream of gene segment Dß1 and is therefore deleted from a V‐DJ rearranged TCRB locus. The X1‐Cß transcripts do not appear to code for a protein. We define their transcription start and minimal promoter. These transcripts are found in populations of mature T lymphocytes from blood or tissues and in T cell clones with a monoallelic TCRB rearrangement. In immature thymocytes, they are already detectable in CD1a−CD34+CD4−CD8− cells, therefore before completion of the TCRB rearrangements.ConclusionsThe X1 promoter appears to be the ortholog of the mouse pre‐Dß1 promoter (PDß1). Like PDß1, its activation is regulated by Eß in T cells and might facilitate the TCRB rearrangement process by contributing to the accessibility of the Dß1 locus.
Silver nanoparticle deposited implants to treat osteomyelitis
Authors: Nandi Samit Kumar , Shivaram Anish , Bose Susmita , Bandyopadhyay Amit 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, electrolytically deposited strongly adherent silver nanoparticles on stainless‐steel (SS) implants were used for in situ osteomyelitis treatment. Samples were heat treated to enhance adhesion of silver on 316 L SS. Ex vivo studies were performed to measure silver‐release profiles from the 316 L SS screws inserted in equine cadaver bones. No change in the release profiles of silver ions were observed in vitro between the implanted screws and the control. In vivo studies were performed using osteomyelitic rabbit model with 3 mm diameter silver‐deposited 316 L SS pins at two different doses of silver: high and low. Infection control ability of the pins for treating osteomyelitis in a rabbit model was measured using bacteriologic, radiographic, histological, and scanning electron microscopic studies. Silver‐coated pins, especially high dose, offered a promising result to treat infection in animal osteomyelitis model without any toxicity to major organs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1073–1083, 2018.
Lack of Effect of Rivipansel on QTc Interval in Healthy Adult African American Male Subjects
Authors: Tammara Brinda K. , Plotka Anna , Shafer Frank E. , Readett David R. J. , Riley Steve , Korth‐Bradley Joan M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRivipansel is a pan‐selectin inhibitor in phase 3 development for the treatment of vaso‐occlusive crises in patients with sickle cell disease. This single‐dose, randomized, 3‐period, 3‐treatment (400 mg moxifloxacin open‐label, 4 g rivipansel–blinded, and placebo‐blinded) crossover study evaluated the effect of rivipansel on the QT/QTc interval in 48 healthy male African American subjects (age, 21–53 years; weight, 60–115 kg). Time‐matched, placebo‐adjusted change from baseline QT interval using Fridericia's correction method (QTcF) was determined using a repeated‐measures mixed‐effects model. The highest upper bound of the 2‐sided 90% confidence interval (CI) for QTcF change was 3.22 milliseconds 3 hours postdose. Moxifloxacin showed the anticipated QTcF effect, indicating that the study had adequate sensitivity to detect changes in the QTcF interval. The study concluded that no QTcF effect was demonstrated with rivipansel compared with placebo, as the upper bound of the 2‐sided 90%CI was less than 10 milliseconds at all times. Exposure–response modeling for rivipansel concentrations and change from baseline in QTcF data corroborated a lack of effect with rivipansel compared with placebo. Single doses of rivipansel 4 g by intravenous infusion over 20 minutes were well tolerated in this study.
Functional phosphatome requirement for protein homeostasis, networked mitochondria, and sarcomere structure in C. elegans muscle
Authors: Lehmann Susann , Bass Joseph J. , Barratt Thomas F. , Ali Mohammed Z. , Szewczyk Nathaniel J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle is central to locomotion and metabolic homeostasis. The laboratory worm Caenorhabditis elegans has been developed into a genomic model for assessing the genes and signals that regulate muscle development and protein degradation. Past work has identified a receptor tyrosine kinase signalling network that combinatorially controls autophagy, nerve signal to muscle to oppose proteasome‐based degradation, and extracellular matrix‐based signals that control calpain and caspase activation. The last two discoveries were enabled by following up results from a functional genomic screen of known regulators of muscle. Recently, a screen of the kinome requirement for muscle homeostasis identified roughly 40% of kinases as required for C. elegans muscle health; 80 have identified human orthologues and 53 are known to be expressed in skeletal muscle. To complement this kinome screen, here, we screen most of the phosphatases in C. elegans.MethodsRNA interference was used to knockdown phosphatase‐encoding genes. Knockdown was first conducted during development with positive results also knocked down only in fully developed adult muscle. Protein homeostasis, mitochondrial structure, and sarcomere structure were assessed using transgenic reporter proteins. Genes identified as being required to prevent protein degradation were also knocked down in conditions that blocked proteasome or autophagic degradation. Genes identified as being required to prevent autophagic degradation were also assessed for autophagic vesicle accumulation using another transgenic reporter. Lastly, bioinformatics were used to look for overlap between kinases and phosphatases required for muscle homeostasis, and the prediction that one phosphatase was required to prevent mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation was assessed by western blot.ResultsA little over half of all phosphatases are each required to prevent abnormal development or maintenance of muscle. Eighty‐six of these phosphatases have known human orthologues, 57 of which are known to be expressed in human skeletal muscle. Of the phosphatases required to prevent abnormal muscle protein degradation, roughly half are required to prevent increased autophagy.ConclusionsA significant portion of both the kinome and phosphatome are required for establishing and maintaining C. elegans muscle health. Autophagy appears to be the most commonly triggered form of protein degradation in response to disruption of phosphorylation‐based signalling. The results from these screens provide measurable phenotypes for analysing the combined contribution of kinases and phosphatases in a multi‐cellular organism and suggest new potential regulators of human skeletal muscle for further analysis.
Effect of the height‐to‐diameter ratio on the mass transfer and mixing performance of a biotrickling filter
Authors: Ordaz Alberto , Figueroa‐González Ivonne , San‐Valero Pau , Gabaldón Carmen , Quijano Guillermo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiotrickling filters (BTFs) are among the most widely used biological technologies for air pollution control. The pollutant removal rate in BTFs relies to a large extent on its gas–liquid mass transfer performance. Therefore, knowledge of the design parameters affecting the mass transfer and mixing performance of full‐scale BTFs is of paramount importance.RESULTSThis work showed that the height‐to‐diameter (H/D) ratio is an important parameter in the design of BTFs devoted to air pollution control. The H/D ratio significantly affected the mass transfer and mixing performance of the BTF with and without additional stirring in the holding tank. It was observed that under the same liquid velocity, the mass transfer coefficient (kLa) and the mixing time (tmix) can be optimized only by selecting an adequate H/D ratio. Additional stirring in the holding tank also affected kLa and tmix, this effect being different for each H/D ratio tested.CONCLUSIONSThe H/D ratio should be considered in the design of full‐scale BTFs since this parameter will significantly affect the mass transfer and mixing performance, regardless of the agitation conditions prevailing in the holding tank. As far as the authors know this is first report addressing the combined effect of the H/D ratio, liquid velocity and holding tank stirring on kLa and tmix in BTFs devoted to air pollution control. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry