bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of vitamin D2 or D3 supplementation on glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk among people at risk of type 2 diabetes: results of a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Forouhi N. G. , Menon R. K. , Sharp S. J. , Mannan N. , Timms P. M. , Martineau A. R. , Rickard A. P. , Boucher B. J. , Chowdhury T. A. , Griffiths C. J. , Greenwald S. E. , Griffin S. J. , Hitman G. A. 
Published: December 2015

AimsTo investigate the effect of short‐term vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic outcomes among individuals with an elevated risk of diabetes.MethodsIn a double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomized trial, 340 adults who had an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes (non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia or positive diabetes risk score) were randomized to either placebo, 100 000 IU vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) or 100 000 IU vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), orally administered monthly for 4 months. The primary outcome was change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) between baseline and 4 months, adjusted for baseline. Secondary outcomes included: blood pressure; lipid levels; apolipoprotein levels; C‐reactive protein levels; pulse wave velocity (PWV); anthropometric measures; and safety of the supplementation.ResultsThe mean [standard deviation (s.d.)] 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]2 concentration increased from 5.2 (4.1) to 53.9 (18.5) nmol/l in the D2 group, and the mean (s.d.) 25(OH)D3 concentration increased from 45.8 (22.6) to 83.8 (22.7) nmol/l in the D3 group. There was no effect of vitamin D supplementation on HbA1c: D2 versus placebo: −0.05% [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.11, 0.02] or −0.51 mmol/mol (95% CI −1.16, 0.14; p = 0.13); D3 versus placebo: 0.02% (95% CI −0.04, 0.08) or 0.19 mmol/mol (95% CI −0.46, 0.83; p = 0.57). There were no clinically meaningful effects on secondary outcomes, except PWV [D2 versus placebo: −0.68 m/s (95% CI −1.31, −0.05); D3 versus placebo −0.73 m/s (95% CI −1.42, −0.03)]. No important safety issues were identified.ConclusionsShort‐term supplementation with vitamin D2 or D3 had no effect on HbA1c. The modest reduction in PWV with both D2 and D3 relative to placebo suggests that vitamin D supplementation has a beneficial effect on arterial stiffness.
Sand Face: Humanism after Antihumanism
Authors: Arcilla René V. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHave the critiques of humanism of the 1960s and 1970s buried this idea once and for all? Or is there a way that humanism can absorb some of this antihumanist thinking and thereby renew itself? Drawing on writings of Michel Foucault, Charles Taylor, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Martin Heidegger in order to illuminate artworks by Robert Smithson and Hans Holbein, René Arcilla argues for a revised idea of the human that is rooted not in some authentic, essential identity of ours, but in an unruly language in which we all participate. He suggests that educatively cultivating a society that appreciates the Human language could be the aim of humanism in our time.
Waist‐High and Knee‐Deep: Humane Learning Beyond Polemics and Precincts
Authors: Higgins Chris 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this essay, Chris Higgins sets out to disentangle the tradition of humane learning from contemporary distinctions and debates. The first section demonstrates how a bloated and incoherent “humanism” now functions primarily as a talisman or a target, that is, as a prompt to choose sides. It closes with the image of Doris Salcedo's Shibboleth, suggesting that humanism is more like the uncertain footing of Salcedo's fissure than the footholds on either side. The second section suggests that this “alien humanism” is hiding in plain sight, requiring us only to read an inch beyond the poster‐ready copy fueling the polemics. Even a cursory glance at the texts from which these epitomes are drawn — from Terence's “Nothing human is foreign to me,” through Shakespeare's “What a piece of work is a man,” to Arnold's “The best of what has been thought and said” — is enough to reconnect us with a tradition stranger and more dynamic than that portrayed by boosters and knockers alike. The third section explores the tensions between the research university and the tradition of humane letters it has come to house, arguing that it will not do to escape this rancor by hiding behind the functionalist, and ultimately circular, term “humanist,” defined as one who does research in the humanities. The final section shows that if this older tradition pulls away, to some extent, from the modern humanities, it simultaneously embraces scientific and professional fields, as demonstrated by the long tradition of the physician‐humanist.
The Implications of Arendt's Concept of Judgment for Humanistic Teaching in a Postmetaphysical Age
Authors: Kwak Duck‐Joo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this essay, Duck‐Joo Kwak draws on Hannah Arendt's concept of judgment in exploring what it means to teach the humanities as a form of values education in a postmetaphysical age. Arendt's concept of judgment is closely related to Ciceronian humanism, which is concerned with the wisdom to choose one's company while appreciating this pursuit itself, among men, things, and thoughts from the past and present. According to Arendt, this wisdom as a form of judgment can be generated from a unique form of thinking via understanding. Thus, the main focus of this essay is on Arendt's explication of two distinct forms of humanistic thinking, which can be characterized as critical and interpretive, respectively. The educational virtue of humanistic thinking lies in its avoidance of both authoritarianism and nihilistic constructivism, both of which are problematic in the context of postmetaphysical contemporary culture, while also holding the potential to help young people find good company as a way of expanding the boundaries of intersubjectivity in their selfhood.
Laser interstitial thermal therapy for medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Kang Joon Y. , Wu Chengyuan , Tracy Joseph , Lorenzo Matthew , Evans James , Nei Maromi , Skidmore Christopher , Mintzer Scott , Sharan Ashwini D. , Sperling Michael R. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo describe mesial temporal lobe ablated volumes, verbal memory, and surgical outcomes in patients with medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) treated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–guided stereotactic laser interstitial thermal therapy (LiTT).MethodsWe prospectively tracked seizure outcome in 20 patients at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital with drug‐resistant mTLE who underwent MRI‐guided LiTT from December 2011 to December 2014. Surgical outcome was assessed at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and at the most recent visit. Volume‐based analysis of ablated mesial temporal structures was conducted in 17 patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and results were compared between the seizure‐free and not seizure‐free groups.ResultsFollowing LiTT, proportions of patients who were free of seizures impairing consciousness (including those with auras only) are as follows: 8 of 15 patients (53%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 30.1–75.2%) after 6 months, 4 of 11 patients (36.4%, 95% CI 14.9–64.8%) after 1 year, 3 of 5 patients (60%, 95% CI 22.9–88.4%) at 2‐year follow‐up. Median follow‐up was 13.4 months after LiTT (range 1.3 months to 3.2 years). Seizure outcome after LiTT suggests an all or none response. Four patients had anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) after LiTT; three are seizure‐free. There were no differences in total ablated volume of the amygdalohippocampus complex or individual volumes of hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus between seizure‐free and non–seizure‐free patients. Contextual verbal memory performance was preserved after LiTT, although decline in noncontextual memory task scores were noted.SignificanceWe conclude that MRI‐guided stereotactic LiTT is a safe alternative to ATL in patients with medically intractable mTLE. Individualized assessment is warranted to determine whether the reduced odds of seizure freedom are worth the reduction in risk, discomfort, and recovery time. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our preliminary findings, and to define optimal ablation volume and ideal structures for ablation.
Balloon dilation to treat oesophageal strictures in five foals
Authors: Chidlow H. B. , Robbins E. G. , Slovis N. M. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryOesophageal stricture is a rare disorder in foals. The following manuscript describes the successful treatment of oesophageal strictures with balloon dilation in 5 foals aged 3 weeks to 4 months. Three of the foals presented due to recurrent oesophageal obstruction, one due to dysphagia, and one due to weight loss, pytalism and bruxism. The strictures were diagnosed via endoscopy. In 2 cases, the use of intraoesophageal corticosteroid injection was performed to reduce the incidence of oesophageal stricture reoccurrence. In all cases, a satisfactory outcome with resolution of clinical signs was achieved.
Designation and management of large‐scale MPAs drawing on the experiences of CCAMLR
Authors: Everson Inigo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWith the adoption of the United Nations Law of the Sea came the need for effective worldwide control of marine fisheries. Initially centred on single species, the tasks have extended to ecosystem‐based management through the concept of marine‐protected areas into habitats and biodiversity. These diverse requirements have placed enhanced responsibilities on fisheries management organizations. Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) has successfully developed effective management measures for the Southern Ocean but has encountered difficulties in establishing marine‐protected areas. Key to the success of CCAMLR has been the establishment of conservation measures on clearly defined topics through decision making by consensus. It is argued that the problems that CCAMLR has encountered in establishing marine‐protected areas centre on the range of features, in terms of stakeholder interests, to be afforded protection allied to problems with the consensus process. In this paper, the approaches of CCAMLR in converting the conceptual framework of treaty language into practical management measures using consensus are discussed in relation to the manner in which marine‐protected areas might be established within other fisheries management organizations. It is concluded that the most effective approach is as a composite of strictly focussed conservation measures the sum of which cover all facets of a marine‐protected area. This approach has the further advantage that individual components can be changed without opening the whole legal instrument to re‐negotiation.
Informative Disagreements: Associations Between Relationship Distress, Depression, and Discrepancy in Interpersonal Perception Within Couples
Authors: Knobloch‐Fedders Lynne M. , Critchfield Kenneth L. , Staab Erin M. 
Published: December 2015

This study evaluated the associations between relationship distress, depression symptoms, and discrepancy in interpersonal perception within couples. After completing a series of discussion tasks, couples (N = 88) rated their behavior using the circumplex‐based Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Model (SASB; Benjamin, 1979, 1987, 2000). Overall, couple members were strikingly similar in their interpersonal perceptions, and tended to see themselves as friendly, reciprocal in their focus, and balanced between connection and separateness. As hypothesized, however, perceptual discrepancy was related to relationship distress and depression. Relationship distress was associated with discrepancy regarding transitive behavior focused on the partner, while depression was associated with disagreement about intransitive, self‐focused behavior. Analysis of affiliation and autonomy revealed that relationship distress was associated with seeing oneself as reacting with more hostility than the partner sees, and perceiving one's partner as more hostile, more controlling, and less submissive than he or she does. Partners of depressed individuals viewed themselves as more controlling than their mate did. Men's depression was associated with disagreement between partners regarding men's self‐focused behavior. Results underscore the importance of considering interpersonal perception when conceptualizing relationship distress and depression within intimate relationships.
Conflicting health information: a critical research need
Authors: Carpenter Delesha M. , Geryk Lorie L. , Chen Annie T. , Nagler Rebekah H. , Dieckmann Nathan F. , Han Paul K. J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractConflicting health information is increasing in amount and visibility, as evidenced most recently by the controversy surrounding the risks and benefits of childhood vaccinations. The mechanisms through which conflicting information affects individuals are poorly understood; thus, we are unprepared to help people process conflicting information when making important health decisions. In this viewpoint article, we describe this problem, summarize insights from the existing literature on the prevalence and effects of conflicting health information, and identify important knowledge gaps. We propose a working definition of conflicting health information and describe a conceptual typology to guide future research in this area. The typology classifies conflicting information according to four fundamental dimensions: the substantive issue under conflict, the number of conflicting sources (multiplicity), the degree of evidence heterogeneity and the degree of temporal inconsistency.
Food appearances in children's television programmes in Sweden
Authors: Olafsdottir Steingerdur , Berg Christina 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStudying other television content than advertisements is necessary to better understand the association between TV viewing and dietary habits. The aim of this study was to examine the nature and extent of verbal and visual appearance of food and beverage in children's programmes in Swedish public service television. The study object was the most popular children's TV programme in Sweden, broadcast by commercial‐free public service television channel and watched almost daily by 45% of children under the age of 10 years. The analysed material consisted of 25 h, broadcast at 21 occasions over almost a 5‐month period of the most popular TV viewing season. All appearances and type of food and beverages were coded as well as the context in which the foods were discussed or appeared. Chi‐square tests were performed to analyse if the occurrence of fruits and vegetables and high‐calorie and low‐nutrient (HCLN) foods respectively were associated with the context where food appeared. Mann‐Whitney test was used to compare the representation of the two food groups in terms of degree of propensity to be consumed. Of the 287 programme sections, food or beverage appeared in 78%. Of the food appearances (n = 773), HCLN foods constituted 19%, and fruits and vegetables 39%. More than half of the HCLN food appearances are with children, while only one third of the fruits and vegetables are shown with children. HCLN foods were more often shown being consumed or actively handled, than fruits and vegetables. Food and beverages appear frequently in children's programmes in Swedish public service television. HCLN foods seem to be represented as more attractive, by to a greater extent appearing consumed or actively handled in comparison with other foods. These foods were also frequently shown together with children while fruits and vegetables more frequently appeared with adults than children.
Spray‐drying of pomegranate juice with prebiotic dietary fibre
Authors: Miravet Gracia , Alacid Mercedes , Obón José María , Fernández‐López José Antonio 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe prebiotic fibres, resistant dextrin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), were studied for use as drying‐aid agents for the spray‐drying of concentrated pomegranate juice, a low‐caloric juice containing interesting health‐related compounds. Resistant dextrin was the best drying‐aid agent as only 0.5 g gCPJ−1 of resistant dextrin was needed to avoid powder stickiness, compared with 1 g gCPJ−1 of maltodextrins and 1.5 g gCPJ−1 of fructooligosaccharides. The best conditions for spray‐drying a concentrated pomegranate juice (62.6% dry matter) using the resistant dextrin (NUTRIOSE) were 1.25 gNUTRIOSE gCPJ−1 and 0.10 gCPJ gsolution−1, a liquid feed rate of 1.08 L h−1 and an air temperature of 160 °C. Powders were easily solubilised in water, while storage at 25 °C maintained the pomegranate bioactive components, and there were no stickiness problems for at least 2 months. Resistant dextrin could be used with all kind of fruit juices in substitution of maltodextrins, and the resulting prebiotic powders could be employed for formulating novel functional foods.
Thermodynamic Assessment of the Pr–O System
Authors: McMurray Jacob Wesley 
Published: December 2015

The Calphad method was used to perform a thermodynamic assessment of the Pr–O system. Compound energy formalism representations were developed for the fluorite α‐PrO2–x and bixbyite σ‐Pr3O5 ± x solid solutions while the two‐sublattice liquid model was used to describe the binary melt. The series of phases between Pr2O3 and PrO2 were taken to be stoichiometric. Equilibrium oxygen pressure, phase equilibria, and enthalpy data were used to optimize the adjustable parameters of the models for a self‐consistent representation of the thermodynamic behavior of the Pr–O system from 298 K to melting.
Developing family‐centred care in a neonatal intensive care unit: an action research study protocol
Authors: Skene Caryl , Gerrish Kate , Price Fiona , Pilling Elizabeth , Bayliss Pauline 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate evidence‐based family‐centred interventions and to promote parental involvement in the care of infants in neonatal intensive care.BackgroundParental involvement in the care of their infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units leads to improved neonatal outcomes. Although research identifies the benefits of individual interventions to promote family‐centred care, little is known about how they might be implemented in everyday practice.DesignParticipatory action research.MethodsFunding commenced in January 2015. The study comprises three phases: (i) Exploration: Baseline measures of staff and parental satisfaction with care and parental stress will be obtained using validated survey instruments. Baseline infant data includes breast feeding and skin‐to‐skin contact. Staff focus groups and interviews will provide insight into the context of parental involvement and perceived barriers to change. Parent focus groups and diaries will provide insight into factors influencing parental involvement in care. The data will inform the development of the evidence‐based intervention; (ii) Intervention: Three action research cycles and ongoing data collection from parents and staff will inform the further development of the intervention and change process; (iii) Evaluation: Baseline measures will be repeated to identify changes. Focus groups and interviews with staff and parents will provide insight into their perceptions of the success of the initiative in promoting family‐centred care.DiscussionThis study will contribute new knowledge about approaches to actively involve parents in the care of their infant on neonatal intensive care units. Greater understanding of the impact of family‐centre care on staff and parents will be gained with the potential to inform future policy and practice.
A compilation of consumers’ stories: the development of a video to enhance medication adherence in newly transplanted kidney recipients
Authors: Low Jac Kee , Crawford Kimberley , Manias Elizabeth , Williams Allison 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimTo describe the design, development and evaluation of a consumer‐centred video, which was underpinned by the Theory of Planned Behaviour and it was created to educate newly transplanted kidney recipients about the importance of medication adherence.BackgroundKidney transplantation is a treatment whereby medication adherence is critical to ensure long‐term kidney graft success. To date, many interventions aimed to improve medication adherence in kidney transplantation have been conducted but consumers remain largely uninvolved in the interventional design.DesignQualitative sequential design.MethodsTwenty‐two participants who had maintained their kidney transplant for at least 8 months and three participants who had experienced a kidney graft loss due to non‐adherence were interviewed from March–May 2014 in Victoria, Australia. These interviews were independently reviewed by two researchers and were used to guide the design of the story plot and to identify storytellers for the video. The first draft of the video was evaluated by a panel of seven experts in the field, one independent educational expert and two consumers using Lynn's content validity questionnaire. The content of the video was regarded as highly relevant and comprehensive, which achieved a score of >3·7 out of a possible 4.Results/findingsThe final 18‐minute video comprised 15 sections. Topics included medication management, the factors affecting medication adherence and the absolute necessity of adherence to immunosuppressive medications for graft survival.ConclusionThis paper has demonstrated the feasibility of creating a consumer‐driven video that supports medication adherence in an engaging way.
Backscattered electron SEM imaging of resin sections from plant specimens: observation of histological to subcellular structure and CLEM
Authors: RIZZO N.W. , DUNCAN K.E. , BOURETT T.M. , HOWARD R.J. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryWe have refined methods for biological specimen preparation and low‐voltage backscattered electron imaging in the scanning electron microscope that allow for observation at continuous magnifications of ca. 130–70 000 X, and documentation of tissue and subcellular ultrastructure detail. The technique, based upon early work by Ogura & Hasegawa (1980), affords use of significantly larger sections from fixed and resin‐embedded specimens than is possible with transmission electron microscopy while providing similar data. After microtomy, the sections, typically ca. 750 nm thick, were dried onto the surface of glass or silicon wafer and stained with heavy metals—the use of grids avoided. The glass/wafer support was then mounted onto standard scanning electron microscopy sample stubs, carbon‐coated and imaged directly at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV, using either a yttrium aluminum garnet or ExB backscattered electron detector. Alternatively, the sections could be viewed first by light microscopy, for example to document signal from a fluorescent protein, and then by scanning electron microscopy to provide correlative light/electron microscope (CLEM) data. These methods provide unobstructed access to ultrastructure in the spatial context of a section ca. 7 × 10 mm in size, significantly larger than the typical 0.2 × 0.3 mm section used for conventional transmission electron microscopy imaging. Application of this approach was especially useful when the biology of interest was rare or difficult to find, e.g. a particular cell type, developmental stage, large organ, the interface between cells of interacting organisms, when contextual information within a large tissue was obligatory, or combinations of these factors. In addition, the methods were easily adapted for immunolocalizations.