bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothermia and targeted temperature management in cats and dogs
Authors: Brodeur Andrea , Wright Annie , Cortes Yonaira 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo review current knowledge surrounding the effects, treatment, and prognosis of hypothermia in people, dogs, and cats, as well as the application of therapeutic hypothermia in clinical medicine.EtiologyHypothermia may be a primary or secondary condition, and may be due to environmental exposure, illness, medications, anesthesia, or trauma. Hypothermia has been applied therapeutically in human medicine for a variety of conditions, including postcardiac arrest. In veterinary medicine, the technique has been applied in cardiac surgeries requiring bypass and in a patient with intractable seizures.DiagnosisHypothermia can be diagnosed based on presenting temperature or clinical signs, and appropriate diagnosis may require nontraditional thermometers.TherapyRewarming is the primary treatment for accidental hypothermia, with intensity ranging from passive surface rewarming to extracorporeal rewarming. The goal is to return the core temperature to a level that restores normal physiologic function of all body processes. Other supportive therapies such as intravenous fluids are typically indicated, and if cardiopulmonary arrest is present, prolonged resuscitation may be required. In cases of secondary hypothermia, reversal of the underlying cause is important.PrognosisThere are few prognostic indicators in human and veterinary patients with hypothermia. Even the most severely affected individuals, including those presenting in cardiopulmonary arrest, have potential for complete recovery with appropriate therapy. Therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to improve outcome in people following cardiac arrest. Further studies are needed to examine this application in veterinary medicine, as well as appropriate therapy and prognosis for cases of spontaneous hypothermia.
Characterization of buffy coat‐derived granulocytes for clinical use: a comparison with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor/dexamethasone‐pretreated donor‐derived products
Authors: van de Geer A. , Gazendam R. P. , Tool A. T. J. , van Hamme J. L. , de Korte D. , van den Berg T. K. , Zeerleder S. S. , Kuijpers T. W. 
Published: January 2017

Background and objectivesBuffy coat‐derived granulocytes have been described as an alternative to the apheresis product from donors pretreated with dexamethasone and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF). The latter is – dependent on the local and national settings – obtained following a demanding and time‐consuming procedure, which is undesirable in critically ill septic patients. In contrast, buffy coat‐derived products have a large volume and are often heavily contaminated with red cells and platelets. We developed a new pooled buffy coat‐derived product with high purity and small volume, and performed a comprehensive functional characterization of these granulocytes.Materials and methodsWe pooled ten buffy coats following the production of platelet concentrates. Saline 0·9% was added to decrease the viscosity and the product was split into plasma, red cells and a ‘super’ buffy coat. Functional data of the granulocytes were compared to those obtained with granulocytes from healthy controls and G‐CSF/dexamethasone‐pretreated donors.ResultsBuffy coat‐derived granulocytes showed adhesion, chemotaxis, reactive oxygen species production, degranulation, NETosis and in vitro killing of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus species comparable to control and G‐CSF/dexamethasone‐derived granulocytes. Candida killing was superior compared to G‐CSF/dexamethasone‐derived granulocytes. Immunophenotyping was normal; especially no signs of activation in the buffy coat‐derived granulocytes were seen. Viability was reduced. Buffy coats are readily available in the regular blood production process and would take away the concerns around the apheresis product.ConclusionThe product described appears a promising alternative for transfusion purposes.
Sulforaphane suppresses cell growth and collagen expression of keloid fibroblasts
Authors: Kawarazaki Ayako , Horinaka Mano , Yasuda Shusuke , Numajiri Toshiaki , Nishino Kenichi , Sakai Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractKeloids are fibroproliferative diseases characterized by the accumulation of an extracellular matrix including collagen. Various growth factors, or cytokines, and their receptors are overexpressed in keloids, and they are expected to be therapy targets. Sulforaphane, a dietary isothiocyanate, has recently shown anti‐tumor, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐fibrotic properties. In this study, we found that sulforaphane inhibited cell growth and reduced collagen at the mRNA and protein levels in keloid fibroblasts. Moreover, sulforaphane markedly suppressed the expression of IL‐6 and α‐SMA and inhibited Stat3 and Smad3 signaling pathways in keloid fibroblast KF112 cells. Sulforaphane induced G2/M cell‐cycle arrest with the induction of p21 in KF112 cells. In addition, sulforaphane inhibited cell growth and suppressed the expression of collagen in keloid fibroblasts under a coculture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, sulforaphane suppressed IL‐6, Stat3, and Smad3 signaling in the coculture system. This study suggests that sulforaphane may be a novel keloid treatment.
Range expansion and ancestral niche reconstruction in the Mediterranean diving beetle genus Meladema (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)
Authors: Sýkora Vit , García‐Vázquez David , Sánchez‐Fernández David , Ribera Ignacio 
Published: January 2017

Species of the genus Meladema (Dytiscidae, Colymbetinae) are some of the largest macroinvertebrates in the western Palearctic region, being top predators in fishless streams. Two of the three described species, Meladema imbricata (Wollaston, 1871) and Meladema lanio (Fabricius, 1775) are Macaronesian endemics from the Canary Islands and Madeira, respectively, while the third, Meladema coriacea Laporte, 1835, is widely distributed from Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula to Turkey, including the Canary Islands. Previous phylogenetic analysis using only mitochondrial markers revealed the existence of two cryptic lineages within M. coriacea, one restricted to Corsica and the other including the rest of sampled populations. We reconstruct here the evolutionary history of the species of Meladema using a more comprehensive sampling covering its whole geographical range, adding nuclear markers and Bayesian molecular dating. Using environmental niche modelling, we test for possible differences in climatic preferences among lineages and reconstruct their ancestral climatic niche. Our results strongly supported the existence of four monophyletic lineages represented by the three recognized species plus a fourth cryptic lineage with populations of M. coriacea from the Tyrrhenian islands (Corsica, Sardinia and Montecristo). This pattern is not likely to be the result of mitochondrial artefacts due to Wolbachia infection, as all 11 tested individuals were negative for this parasite. Dating analysis placed the origin of Meladema in the Middle Miocene although diversification among extant Meladema lineages started in the early Pleistocene and took place in a relatively short time period. Phylogeographic analysis inferred a continental origin of Meladema, with an independent colonization of the Macaronesian and Mediterranean islands. From the south‐western Mediterranean region, the continental M. coriacea expanded its range up to Bulgaria and Turkey in the northern basin and to Tunisia in the southern. Results of niche modelling showed that seasonality is the critical factor in shaping the current distribution of Meladema. Island lineages (M. imbricata, M. lanio and the Tyrrhenian lineage of M. coriacea) occur in sites with low seasonality, within the range of the reconstructed ancestral climatic niche of the genus. On the contrary, continental M. coriacea expanded its range to localities outside the ancestral climatic range of the genus, with a higher seasonality and aridity.
Do Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy Benefit From the Addition of Cervical Traction to a Rehabilitation Program? A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Vetroczky Nicole , Lauber Christine A. 
Published: January 2017

Clinical Question:In patients with cervical radiculopathy and associated pain, is there a benefit to including intermittent, mechanical cervical traction to a multimodal treatment approach to reduce cervical pain and disability?Clinical Bottom Line:The majority of best evidence suggests favorable outcomes regarding decreasing cervical pain and disability with the inclusion of intermittent, mechanical cervical traction into a multimodal treatment approach.
Supercompensation Kinetics of Physical Qualities During a Taper in Team-Sport Athletes
Authors: Marrier Bruno , Robineau Julien , Piscione Julien , Lacome Mathieu , Peeters Alexis , Hausswirth Christophe , Morin Jean-Benoît , Le Meur Yann 
Published: January 2017

Peaking for major competition is considered critical for maximizing team-sport performance. However, there is little scientific information available to guide coaches in prescribing efficient tapering strategies for team-sport players.
Purpose:To monitor the changes in physical performance in elite team-sport players during a 3-wk taper after a preseason training camp.
Methods:Ten male international rugby sevens players were tested before (Pre) and after (Post) a 4-wk preseason training camp focusing on high-intensity training and strength training with moderate loads and once each week during a subsequent 3-wk taper. During each testing session, midthigh-pull maximal strength, sprint-acceleration mechanical outputs, and performance, as well as repeated-sprint ability (RSA), were assessed.
Results:At Post, no single peak performance was observed for maximal lower-limb force output and sprint performance, while RSA peaked for only 1 athlete. During the taper, 30-m-sprint time decreased almost certainly (–3.1% ± 0.9%, large), while maximal lower-limb strength and RSA, respectively, improved very likely (+7.7% ± 5.3%, small) and almost certainly (+9.0% ± 2.6%, moderate). Of the peak performances, 70%, 80%, and 80% occurred within the first 2 wk of taper for RSA, maximal force output, and sprint performance, respectively.
Conclusions:These results show the sensitivity of physical qualities to tapering in rugby sevens players and suggest that an ~1- to 2-wk tapering time frame appears optimal to maximize the overall physical-performance response.
Timing Effect on Training-Session Rating of Perceived Exertion in Top-Class Soccer Referees
Authors: Castagna Carlo , Bizzini Mario , Póvoas Susana Cristina Araújo , D’Ottavio Stefano 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:To examine the effect of recall timing on training-session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) in a population of athletes well familiarized with the method and procedures during a 5-d training microcycle.
Methods:Fifty-one top-class field referees (FRs) (age 38.4 ± 3.3 y, height 181 ± 5.6 cm, body mass 76.8 ± 6.8 kg, body-mass index 23.4 ± 1.7 kg/m2, body fat 20.4% ± 3.6%, international refereeing experience 5 ± 3.5 y) from 43 national football associations worldwide, preselected by the FIFA refereeing department for officiating during the FIFA World Cup 2014 Brazil, volunteered for this study. The FRs were randomly allocated into 3 assessment groups (n = 17 each), defined according to the timing of the sRPE, ie, immediately at the end of or 30 min or 7 h after the training sessions’ end. The CR10 Borg scale was used to rate the training sessions (n = 5). All FRs again rated each training session of the 5-d training microcycle on the next morning (~20 h after) for confirmation (absolute and relative reliability).
Results:No significant timing effect was found between or within groups. Relative reliability ranged from large to very large with trivial within- and between-groups differences.
Conclusions:This study showed no effect of recall timing on postexercise RPE when well-familiarized athletes are submitted to training during a weekly microcycle. Posttraining RPE was reported to be a reliable subjective measure; however, specific timing is advisable to reduce difference in RPE values.
The Effects of a Multicomponent Dyadic Intervention With Physical Exercise on the Cognitive Functioning of People With Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Prick Anna-Eva , de Lange Jacomine , Scherder Erik , Twisk Jos , Pot Anne Margriet 
Published: January 2017

The objective was to evaluate the effects of a multicomponent dyadic intervention on the cognitive functioning of people with dementia living at home in a randomized controlled trial. People with dementia and their family caregivers (n = 111) were randomly assigned to 8 home-based sessions including physical exercise and support or a minimal intervention consisting of monthly written information bulletins and monthly phone calls. Memory, executive functioning (EF), and attention were assessed at baseline, and after 3 (postmeasurement) and 6 months (follow-up). Data were analyzed by using generalized estimating equations (GEE). A small, significant effect was found on attention. No effects were found on memory and EF. Finding only a small significant effect might be explained by the ineffectiveness of the intervention, but also by moderate treatment adherence or a lack of room for improvement because half of the people with dementia were already receiving care in a day care facility.
Do Verbal and Tactile Cueing Selectively Alter Gluteus Maximus and Hamstring Recruitment During a Supine Bridging Exercise in Active Females? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hollman John H. , Berling Tyler A. , Crum Ellen O. , Miller Kelsie M. , Simmons Brent T. , Youdas James W. 
Published: January 2017

Context:Hip extension with hamstring-dominant rather than gluteus maximus-dominant recruitment may increase anterior femoracetabular forces and contribute to conditions that cause hip pain. Cueing methods during hip extension exercises may facilitate greater gluteus maximus recruitment.Objective:We examined whether specific verbal and tactile cues facilitate gluteus maximus recruitment while inhibiting hamstring recruitment during a bridging exercise.Design:Randomized controlled trial.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:30 young adult women (age 24 [3] y; BMI 22.2 [2.4] kg/m2).Intervention:Participants were tested over 2 sessions, 1 week apart, while performing 5 repetitions of a bridging exercise. At their second visit, participants in the experimental group received verbal and tactile cues intended to facilitate gluteus maximus recruitment and inhibit hamstring recruitment. Control group participants received no additional cues beyond original instructions.Main Outcome Measures:Gluteus maximus and hamstring recruitment were measured with surface electromyography, normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs).Results:Gluteus maximus recruitment was unchanged in the control group and increased from 16.8 to 33.0% MVIC in the cueing group (F = 33.369,P < .001). Hamstring recruitment was unchanged in the control group but also increased from 16.5 to 29.8% MVIC in the cueing group (F = 6.400,P = .02). The effect size of the change in gluteus maximus recruitment in the cueing group (Cohen’sd = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.9 to 2.2) was not significantly greater than the effect size in hamstring recruitment (Cohen’sd = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.1 to 1.5).Conclusions:Verbal and tactile cues hypothesized to facilitate gluteus maximus recruitment yielded comparable increases in both gluteus maximus and hamstring recruitment. If one intends to promote hip extension by facilitating gluteus maximus recruitment while inhibiting hamstring recruitment during bridging exercises, the cueing methods employed in this study may not produce desired effects.
Heart Rate Response and Variability Following Maximal Exercise in Overweight Children
Authors: Guilkey Justin P. , Dykstra Brandon , Erichsen Jennifer , Mahon Anthony D. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:This study examined heart rate recovery (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) following maximal exercise in lean (<85th percentile age- and sex-BMI percentile; n = 11 (♂=5; ♀=6); 10.1 ± 0.7 years) and overweight (≥85th age- and sex-BMI percentile; n = 11 (♂=5; ♀=6); 10.5 ± 1.2 years) children.Method:Participants completed a 10-min rest, followed by a graded exercise test to maximal effort. HRV, in the time and frequency domains, was assessed during rest and recovery. Also during recovery, one-minute HRR and the time constant of a monoexponential line of best fit (HRRt) were determined.Results:There were no significant differences in one-minute HRR and HRRt between the lean (56 ± 7 beats∙min-1 and 160.4 ± 80.1 s, respectively) and overweight (51 ± 16 beats∙min-1 and 141.1 ± 58.1 s, respectively) groups. There also were no significant interactions between groups from rest to recovery for any HRV variables. Root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and high frequency power (HF) during recovery was 2.05 ± 0.49 ms and 3.30 ± 1.02 ms2 in the lean children, respectively. In the overweight children, RMSSD and HF were 1.88 ± 0.65 ms and 2.94 ± 1.27 ms2, respectively.Conclusion:HRR and HRV findings suggest there are no differences in autonomic function during recovery from maximal exercise in lean and obese 8- to 12-year old children.
Associations of Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time With Arterial Stiffness in Pre-Pubertal Children
Authors: Haapala Eero A. , Väistö Juuso , Veijalainen Aapo , Lintu Niina , Wiklund Petri , Westgate Kate , Ekelund Ulf , Lindi Virpi , Brage Soren , Lakka Timo A. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:To investigate the relationships of objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) to arterial stiffness in prepubertal children.Method:Altogether 136 children (57 boys, 79 girls) aged 6–8-years participated in the study. Stiffness index (SI) was assessed by pulse contour analysis based on photoplethysmography. ST, light PA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA were assessed using combined acceleration and heart rate monitoring. We investigated the associations of ST (<1.5METs) and time spent in intensity level of PA above 2–7METs in min/d with SI using linear regression analysis. We studied the optimal duration and intensity of PA to identify children being in the highest quarter of SI using Receiver Operating Characteristics curves.Results:Moderate PA, vigorous PA, and cumulative time spent in PA above 3 (β=–0.279, p = .002), 4 (β =–0.341, P<0.001), 5 (β =–0.349, P<0.001), 6 (β =–0.312, P<0.001), and 7 (β =–0.254, p = .005) METs were inversely associated with SI after adjustment for age, sex, and monitor wear time. The cutoffs for identifying children being in the highest quarter of SI <68 min/d for PA exceeding 5 METs and <26 min/d for PA exceeding 6 METs.Conclusion:Lower levels of PA exceeding 3–6 METs were related to higher arterial stiffness in children.
Minimum Wear Duration for the activPAL Professional Activity Monitor in Adolescent Females
Authors: Dowd Kieran P. , Purtill Helen , Harrington Deirdre. M. , Hislop Jane F. , Reilly John J. , Donnelly Alan E. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives:This study aims to determine the minimum number of days of monitoring required to reliably predict sitting/lying time, standing time, light intensity physical activity (LIPA), moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and steps in adolescent females.Method:195 adolescent females (mean age = 15.7 years; SD = 0.9) participated in the study. Participants wore the activPAL activity monitor for a seven day protocol. The amount of time spent sitting/lying, standing, in LIPA and in MVPA and the number of steps per day were quantified. Spearman-Brown Prophecy formulae were used to predict the number of days of data required to achieve an intraclass correlation coefficient of both 0.7 and 0.8.Results:For the percentage of the waking day spent sitting/lying, standing, in LIPA and in MVPA, a minimum of 9 days of accelerometer recording is required to achieve a reliability of ≥ 0.7, while a minimum of 15 days is required to achieve a reliability of ≥ 0.8. For steps, a minimum of 12 days of recording is required to achieve a reliability of ≥ 0.7, with 21 days to achieve a reliability of ≥ 0.8.Conclusion:Future research in adolescent females should collect a minimum of 9 days of accelerometer data to reliably estimate sitting/lying time, standing time, LIPA and MVPA, while 12 days is required to reliably estimate steps.
Effects of the Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate Ratio on Gut Microbiomes in Dogs of Different Body Conditions
Authors: Li Qinghong , Lauber Christian L. , Czarnecki-Maulden Gail , Pan Yuanlong , Hannah Steven S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Obesity has become a health epidemic in both humans and pets. A dysbiotic gut microbiota has been associated with obesity and other metabolic disorders. High-protein, low-carbohydrate (HPLC) diets have been recommended for body weight loss, but little is known about their effects on the canine gut microbiome. Sixty-three obese and lean Labrador retrievers and Beagles (mean age, 5.72 years) were fed a common baseline diet for 4 weeks in phase 1, followed by 4 weeks of a treatment diet, specifically, the HPLC diet (49.4% protein, 10.9% carbohydrate) or a low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diet (25.5% protein, 38.8% carbohydrate) in phase 2. 16S rRNA gene profiling revealed that dietary protein and carbohydrate ratios have significant impacts on gut microbial compositions. This effect appeared to be more evident in obese dogs than in lean dogs but was independent of breed. Consumption of either diet increased the bacterial evenness, but not the richness, of the gut compared to that after consumption of the baseline diet. Macronutrient composition affected taxon abundances, mainly within the predominant phyla,
Firmicutes
and
Bacteroidetes
. The LPHC diet appeared to favor the growth of
Bacteroides uniformis
and
Clostridium butyricum
, while the HPLC diet increased the abundances of
Clostridium hiranonis
,
Clostridium perfringens
, and
Ruminococcus gnavus
and enriched microbial gene networks associated with weight maintenance. In addition, we observed a decrease in the
Bacteroidetes
to
Firmicutes
ratio and an increase in the
Bacteroides
to
Prevotella
ratio in the HPLC diet-fed dogs compared to these ratios in dogs fed other diets. Finally, analysis of the effect of diet on the predicted microbial gene network was performed using phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt).

IMPORTANCE
More than 50% of dogs are either overweight or obese in the United States. A dysbiotic gut microbiota is associated with obesity and other metabolic problems in humans. HPLC diets have been promoted as an effective weight loss strategy for many years, and potential effects were reported for both humans and dogs. In this study, we explored the influence of the protein and carbohydrate ratio on the gut microbiome in dogs with different body conditions. We demonstrated significant dietary effects on the gut microbiome, with greater changes in obese dogs than in lean dogs. The HPLC diet-fed dogs showed greater abundances of
Firmicutes
but fewer numbers of
Bacteroidetes
than other dogs. This knowledge will enable us to use prebiotics, probiotics, and other nutritional interventions to modulate the gut microbiota and to provide an alternative therapy for canine obesity.