bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of topical carteolol therapy in Chinese infants with superficial infantile hemangioma
Authors: Gan Li‐qiang , Wang Hua , Ni Si‐li , Tan Chun‐hua 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveTo report our observations from a trial of the short‐term effectiveness and safety of topical carteolol hydrochloride drops to treat infantile hemangiomas (IHs).MethodsFrom October 2012 to September 2015, the study recruited 349 children with superficial IHs. Participants were randomized to two groups: treatment (n = 224 who received 2% carteolol hydrochloride drops administered to the lesion surface twice daily) and observation (n = 125 who did not receive treatment). Therapy duration was 6 months.ResultsThe mean age at the beginning of treatment was 3.2 months. Treatment responses were categorized as class 1 (total regression), class 2 (partial regression or controlled growth), or class 3 (no response). Of infants receiving carteolol treatment, 10.7% (24 patients) were categorized as class 1, 72.3% (162 patients) as class 2, and 17.0% (38 patients) as class 3. Of infants in the observation group, 5.6% (7 patients) were categorized as class 1, 25.6% (32 patients) as class 2, and 68.8% (86 patients) as class 3. No adverse effects were noted during treatment.ConclusionCarteolol is an effective, safe topical treatment for superficial IHs. Carteolol may be used to treat proliferative superficial IHs, particularly in infants younger than 6 months.
Holmes heart and tetralogy of Fallot in association with PHACE
Authors: Peterman Caitlin M. , Morley Keith W. , Yan Albert C. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie A. , Liang Marilyn G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPHACE is an association between large infantile hemangiomas and brain, arterial, cardiac, and/or ocular abnormalities. Aortic or subclavian aberrations are the most common cardiovascular anomalies in PHACE, whereas complex congenital heart disease is rare. We report a case of Holmes heart and three cases of tetralogy of Fallot in PHACE association.
Reasons for non‐exclusive breast‐feeding in the first 6 months
Authors: Zielinska Monika A. , Hamulka Jadwiga 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundMaternal sociodemographic, delivery‐ and infant‐related factors as well as hospital practice are relevant for breast‐feeding practice. The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic and delivery‐related factors that may affect exclusive breast‐feeding (EBF) of infants aged 0–6 months in Poland.MethodsA total of 446 mothers (18–42 years old) of infants aged 0–6 months were interviewed using the computer‐assisted Web interview method. The questionnaire collected information about maternal sociodemographic situation and anthropometrics, delivery‐related factors, and infant feeding‐related factors. Data were analyzed using the chi‐squared test and Mann–Whitney U‐test. Predictors of non‐exclusive breast‐feeding (N‐EBF) in the first 6 months of life were assessed on multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 43% of mothers did not breast‐feed exclusively (n = 191; N‐EBF group) and 57% did breast‐feed exclusively during the study period (n = 255; EBF group). After adjustment for other potential risk factors, the highest risk factors for N‐EBF were maternal age <20 years (OR, 6.12; P ≤ 0.01), and inadequate breast‐feeding knowledge (OR, 3.43; P ≤ 0.01), whereas the lowest risk was associated with pre‐pregnancy intention to breast‐feed (OR, 0.35; P ≤ 0.01), very good knowledge about breast‐feeding (OR, 0.45; P ≤ 0.001) and maternal age 26–30 years (OR, 0.48; P ≤ 0.001). In a multivariate model, maternal education, employment status and preterm delivery were no longer statistically significant.ConclusionsBreast‐feeding practice is influenced by a variety of factors, including sociodemographic and psychosocial conditions, maternal obesity and mode of delivery. Further work is needed to establish the role of education and prophylactic programs in modifying the aforementioned risk factors.
Naegleria fowleri immunization modifies lymphocytes and APC of nasal mucosa
Authors: Carrasco‐Yepez M. M. , Campos‐Rodríguez R. , Reséndiz‐Albor A. A. , Peña‐Juárez C. , Contis‐Montes de Oca A. , Arciniega‐Martínez I. M. , Bonilla‐Lemus P. , Rojas‐Hernandez S. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryWe investigated whether intranasal immunization with amoebic lysates plus cholera toxin modified the populations of T and B lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells by flow cytometry from nose‐associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), cervical lymph nodes (CN), nasal passages (NP) and spleen (SP). In all immunized groups, the percentage of CD4 was higher than CD8 cells. CD45 was increased in B cells from mice immunized. We observed IgA antibody‐forming cell (IgA‐AFC) response, mainly in NALT and NP. Macrophages from NP and CN expressed the highest levels of CD80 and CD86 in N. fowleri lysates with either CT or CT alone immunized mice, whereas dendritic cells expressed high levels of CD80 and CD86 in all compartment from immunized mice. These were lower than those expressed by macrophages. Only in SP from CT‐immunized mice, these costimulatory molecules were increased. These results suggest that N. fowleri and CT antigens are taking by APCs, and therefore, protective immunity depends on interactions between APCs and T cells from NP and CN. Consequently, CD4 cells stimulate the differentiation from B lymphocytes to AFC IgA‐positive; antibody that we previously found interacting with trophozoites in the nasal lumen avoiding the N. fowleri attachment to nasal epithelium.
Identifying potential molecular factors involved in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 5113 mediated abiotic stress tolerance in wheat
Authors: Abd El‐Daim I. A. , Bejai S. , Fridborg I. , Meijer J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Abiotic stressors are main limiting factors for agricultural production around the world. Plant growth‐promoting bacteria have been successfully used to improve abiotic stress tolerance in several crops including wheat. However, the molecular changes involved in the improvement of stress management are poorly understood.

The present investigation addressed some molecular factors involved in bacterially induced plant abiotic stress responses by identifying differentially expressed genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings treated with the beneficial bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum UCMB5113 prior to challenge with abiotic stress conditions such as heat, cold or drought.

cDNA‐AFLP analysis revealed differential expression of more than 200 transcript‐derived fragments (TDFs) in wheat leaves. Expression of selected TDFs was confirmed using RT‐PCR. DNA sequencing of 31 differentially expressed TDFs revealed significant homology with both known and unknown genes in database searches. Virus‐induced gene silencing of two abscisic acid‐related TDFs showed different effects upon heat and drought stress.

We conclude that treatment with B. amyloliquefaciens 5113 caused molecular modifications in wheat in order to induce tolerance against heat, cold and drought stress. Bacillus treatment provides systemic effects that involve metabolic and regulatory functions supporting both growth and stress management.
Local differentiation of cell wall matrix polysaccharides in sinuous pavement cells: its possible involvement in the flexibility of cell shape
Authors: Sotiriou P. , Giannoutsou E. , Panteris E. , Galatis B. , Apostolakos P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

The distribution of homogalacturonans (HGAs) displaying different degrees of esterification as well as of callose was examined in cell walls of mature pavement cells in two angiosperm and two fern species. We investigated whether local cell wall matrix differentiation may enable pavement cells to respond to mechanical tension forces by transiently altering their shape.

HGA epitopes, identified with 2F4, JIM5 and JIM7 antibodies, and callose were immunolocalised in hand‐made or semithin leaf sections. Callose was also stained with aniline blue. The structure of pavement cells was studied with light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

In all species examined, pavement cells displayed wavy anticlinal cell walls, but the waviness pattern differed between angiosperms and ferns. The angiosperm pavement cells were tightly interconnected throughout their whole depth, while in ferns they were interconnected only close to the external periclinal cell wall and intercellular spaces were developed between them close to the mesophyll. Although the HGA epitopes examined were located along the whole cell wall surface, the 2F4‐ and JIM5‐ epitopes were especially localised at cell lobe tips. In fern pavement cells, the contact sites were impregnated with callose and JIM5‐HGA epitopes. When tension forces were applied on leaf regions, the pavement cells elongated along the stretching axis, due to a decrease in waviness of anticlinal cell walls. After removal of tension forces, the original cell shape was resumed.

The presented data support that HGA epitopes make the anticlinal pavement cell walls flexible, in order to reversibly alter their shape. Furthermore, callose seems to offer stability to cell contacts between pavement cells, as already suggested in photosynthetic mesophyll cells.
Life‐history trade‐offs vary with resource availability across the geographic range of a widespread plant
Authors: Villellas J. , García M. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Trade‐offs between reproduction, growth and survival arise from limited resource availability in plants. Environmental stress is expected to exacerbate these negative correlations, but no studies have evaluated variation in life‐history trade‐offs throughout species geographic ranges. Here we analyse the costs of growth and reproduction across the latitudinal range of the widespread herb Plantago coronopus in Europe.

We monitored the performance of thousands of individuals in 11 populations of P. coronopus, and tested whether the effects of growth and reproduction on a set of vital rates (growth, probability of survival, probability of reproduction and fecundity) varied with local precipitation and soil fertility. To account for variation in internal resources among individuals, we analysed trade‐offs correcting for differences in size.

Growth was negatively affected by previous growth and reproduction. We also found costs of growth and reproduction on survival, reproduction probability and fecundity, but only in populations with low soil fertility. Costs also increased with precipitation, possibly due to flooding‐related stress. In contrast, growth was positively correlated with subsequent survival, and there was a positive covariation in reproduction between consecutive years under certain environments, a potential strategy to exploit temporary benign conditions.

Overall, we found both negative and positive correlations among vital rates across P. coronopus geographic range. Trade‐offs predominated under stressful conditions, and positive correlations arose particularly between related traits like reproduction investment across years. By analysing multiple and diverse fitness components along stress gradients, we can better understand life‐history evolution across species’ ranges, and their responses to environmental change.
Collective Civic Action in Multicultural Neighbourhoods: Two Cases in Melbourne
Authors: Dekker Karien , Lee Julian C.H. , Phipps Peter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe paper provides tentative empirical evidence against Robert D. Putnam's claim that ethnic diversity is a threat to collective civic action, and finds support for Robert J. Sampson's proposition that established organisations foster collective civic action. The aim of this paper is twofold: to describe: (i) the ways in which volunteers and professionals make sense of and understand the multicultural neighbourhood; and (ii) how that impacts on collective civic action in the neighbourhood. The paper takes a small scale mixed‐methods approach (9 semi structured interviews and a small scale quantitative survey (N = 39)), comparing two neighbourhoods with similar characteristics in terms of ethnic diversity and socio‐economic problems. The findings show that problems associated with ethnicity are not the most pressing ones for recent migrants. Instead they struggle with work, housing, a lack of supportive networks, unfamiliarity with the educational system, and language problems. The paper concludes that the multicultural discursive framework is a salutary one for those working and living in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods.
Prolonged platelet storage associated with increased frequency of transfusion‐related adverse events
Authors: Losos M. , Biller E. , Li J. , Blower L. , Hamad D. , Patel G. , Scrape S. , Cataland S. , Chen J. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundPlatelets (PLTs) have been associated with the highest rate of transfusion‐associated adverse events (AEs) among all blood products. Most of PLT‐associated AEs are considered to have an inflammatory mechanism. However, it is still unclear whether prolonged storage of platelets is associated with an increased rate of transfusion‐related AEs, especially in the era of universal prestorage leucoreduction.Methods/MaterialsIn this retrospective study, 52 649 PLT products consisting of about 80% apheresis PLTs and 20% whole blood‐derived (WBD) PLTs were transfused to 9415 patients from July 2011 to March 2017. All the PLTs were leucoreduced prior to storage. All but 69 units of the apheresis PLTs were irradiated and none of WBD PLTs were irradiated. During this period, a total of 284 AEs that were reported to the transfusion service were analysed.ResultsUnivariate and multivariate logistic analyses showed that apheresis/irradiated PLTs and PLT age were associated with a significantly increased frequency of inflammation type AEs (OR (95% CI): 2·24 (1·32, 4·15) and 1·30 (1·12, 1·52), respectively). There was a significant increase in the frequency of inflammation AEs associated with prolonged storage of apheresis/irradiated PLTs [OR (95% CI): 1·26 (1·03, 1·53)]. In contrast, there was no association between allergic symptoms and PLT age. Moreover, the frequency of transfusion AEs associated with apheresis/irradiated PLTs (57·2/10 000) was significantly higher than that of WBD/nonirradiated PLTs (26·0/10 000) (P < 0·01).ConclusionProlonged storage of apheresis/irradiated PLTs was associated with a higher frequency of inflammation AEs. Apheresis/irradiated PLTs caused more AEs than WBD/nonirradiated PLTs.
What motivates men to donate blood? A systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Carver A. , Chell K. , Davison T. E. , Masser B. M. 
Published: December 2017

Background and ObjectivesEffective recruitment and retention of male donors are vital for the ongoing provision of blood products. Compared with females, male donors are less likely to be medically deferred or experience vasovagal reactions and are typically preferred for plasmapheresis donation in voluntary non‐remunerated settings. However, females outnumber males among donors aged under 40 years. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence and identify key motivators for blood donation among males to inform targeted recruitment/retention campaigns.Materials and MethodsDatabases (e.g.EBSCOhost, Web of Science) were searched using terms (dona*ORdono*)AND(bloodORaphaeresisORapheresisORplasma*ORplatelet*ORplatlet*) in titleAND(maleORgenderORsexORfemale)AND(motivat*ORintentionORattitudeORbehavi*ORpredictorORbarrierORdeter*)NOT(organORspermORtissueORautologousORoocyte) in text. Two researchers independently systematically scanned quantitative, full‐text, English language, peer‐reviewed publications from 1990 to 2015 that examined males/females separately with outcomes of blood donation or self‐reported intention. Two additional researchers resolved discrepancies.ResultsAmong 28 identified articles, the most frequently cited motivators for male blood product donation were as follows: altruism; positive attitude towards incentives; health check(s); subjective norms. Altruism was less pronounced among males compared with females and was combined with ‘warm glow’ in novice males (impure altruism). Perceived health benefits and incentives (e.g. coffee mugs) were stronger motivators of males than females.ConclusionMarketing campaigns for recruitment/retention of male donors should focus on identified motivators rather than take a ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ approach.
Impact of birth characteristics, breast feeding and vital statistics on the eruption of primary teeth among healthy infants in Saudi Arabia: an observational study
Authors: Alnemer Kholoud Abdullah , Pani Sharat Chandra , Althubaiti Alaa M , Bawazeer Manal 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the impact of gender, birth weight, maternal age, type of delivery, gestational age and feeding practices on the eruption of teeth in children with no underlying medical conditions or developmental defects in their first year of life.DesignA cross-sectional observational study design was used.SettingA primary healthcare setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ParticipantsAll children in their first year of life attending a vaccination clinic (n=422) were included in the study. Infants with chronic childhood illnesses, those who were below the 5th percentile in height or weight, infants with congenital birth defects and chronic illnesses, infants who were born preterm and low birth weight infants were excluded from the study.Outcome measuresThe type of delivery, birth weight, age of mother, height and weight percentile for age (as plotted on the WHO growth chart for infants) and feeding practices were recorded by the examiner, and this was followed by a clinical examination to determine the presence or absence of each tooth. Regression models were developed to determine the effect of the different variables on the presence of primary teeth.ResultsThere was a significant association between the weight percentile of the child (adjusted for age) and the number of erupted primary teeth, suggesting that heavier children have an earlier eruption of teeth. No association was observed between birth weight, height percentile for age or maternal age at the time of birth and the number of erupted primary teeth. Children who were exclusively breast fed were significantly more likely to have an erupted first primary tooth earlier than non-breastfed group.ConclusionsBreast feeding and the weight of the child may have an influence on the eruption of primary teeth in the first year of life.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of pharmacist-led medication reconciliation in the community after hospital discharge
Authors: McNab Duncan , Bowie Paul , Ross Alastair , MacWalter Gordon , Ryan Martin , Morrison Jill 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundPharmacists’ completion of medication reconciliation in the community after hospital discharge is intended to reduce harm due to prescribed or omitted medication and increase healthcare efficiency, but the effectiveness of this approach is not clear. We systematically review the literature to evaluate intervention effectiveness in terms of discrepancy identification and resolution, clinical relevance of resolved discrepancies and healthcare utilisation, including readmission rates, emergency department attendance and primary care workload.MethodsThis is a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of extracted data. Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED),Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Scopus, NHS Evidence and the Cochrane databases were searched using a combination of medical subject heading terms and free-text search terms. Controlled studies evaluating pharmacist-led medication reconciliation in the community after hospital discharge were included. Study quality was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Evidence was assessed through meta-analysis of readmission rates. Discrepancy identification rates, emergency department attendance and primary care workload were assessed narratively.ResultsFourteen studies were included, comprising five randomised controlled trials, six cohort studies and three pre–post intervention studies. Twelve studies had a moderate or high risk of bias. Increased identification and resolution of discrepancies was demonstrated in the four studies where this was evaluated. Reduction in clinically relevant discrepancies was reported in two studies. Meta-analysis did not demonstrate a significant reduction in readmission rate. There was no consistent evidence of reduction in emergency department attendance or primary care workload.ConclusionsPharmacists can identify and resolve discrepancies when completing medication reconciliation after hospital discharge, but patient outcome or care workload improvements were not consistently seen. Future research should examine the clinical relevance of discrepancies and potential benefits on reducing healthcare team workload.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of thrombectomy devices in acute stroke : a network meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Saber Hamidreza , Rajah Gary B , Kherallah Riyad Y , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Narayanan Sandra 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionMechanical thrombectomy (MT) is increasingly used for large-vessel occlusions (LVO), but randomized clinical trial (RCT) level data with regard to differences in clinical outcomes of MT devices are limited. We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) that enables comparison of modern MT devices (Trevo, Solitaire, Aspiration) and strategies (stent retriever vs aspiration) across trials.MethodsRelevant RCTs were identified by a systematic review. The efficacy outcome was 90-day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2). Safety outcomes were 90-day catastrophic outcome (mRS 5–6) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Fixed-effect Bayesian NMA was performed to calculate risk estimates and the rank probabilities.ResultsIn a NMA of six relevant RCTs (SWIFT, TREVO2, EXTEND-IA, SWIFT-PRIME, REVASCAT, THERAPY; total of 871 patients, 472 Solitaire vs medical-only, 108 Aspiration vs medical-only, 178 Trevo vs Merci, and 113 Solitaire vs Merci) with medical-only arm as the reference, Trevo had the greatest functional independence (OR 4.14, 95% credible interval (CrI) 1.41–11.80; top rank probability 92%) followed by Solitaire (OR 2.55, 95% CrI 1.75–3.74; top rank probability 72%). Solitaire and Aspiration devices had the greatest top rank probability with respect to low sICH and catastrophic outcomes (76% and 91%, respectively), but without significant differences between each other. In a separate network of seven RCTs (MR-CLEAN, ESCAPE, EXTEND-IA, SWIFT-PRIME, REVASCAT, THERAPY, ASTER; 1737 patients), first-line stent retriever was associated with a higher top rank probability of functional independence than aspiration (95% vs 54%), with comparable safety outcomes.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that Trevo and Solitaire devices are associated with a greater likelihood of functional independence whereas Solitaire and Aspiration devices appear to be safer.