bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Ice Propagation by Using Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Coatings
Authors: Jin Yuankai , He Zhiyuan , Guo Qian , Wang Jianjun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIce propagation is of great importance to the accumulation of ice/frost on solid surfaces. However, no investigation has been reported on the tuning of ice propagation through a simple coating process. Herein, we study the ice propagation behavior on polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) surfaces coated with the layer‐by‐layer (LBL) deposition approach. We discover that ice propagation is strongly dependent on the amount of water in the outermost layer of PEMs, that is, the ice propagation rate increases with the amount of water in the outermost layer. The ice propagation rate can be tuned by up to three orders of magnitude by changing the polyelectrolyte pairs, counterions of the outermost polymer layer, or the salt concentration during the preparation of PEMs. Because the simple, versatile, and inexpensive LBL deposition approach is generally applicable to almost all available surfaces, the PEM coatings can tune ice propagation on a wide range of substrates.
Crystallization of a Two‐Dimensional Hydrogen‐Bonded Molecular Assembly: Evolution of the Local Structure Resolved by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Patera Laerte L. , Liu Xunshan , Mosso Nico , Decurtins Silvio , Liu Shi‐Xia , Repp Jascha 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStructures of the aromatic N‐heterocyclic hexaazatriphenylene (HAT) molecular synthon obtained by surface‐assisted self‐assembly were analyzed with sub‐Å resolution by means of noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc‐AFM), both in the kinetically trapped amorphous state and in the thermodynamically stable crystalline phase. These results reveal how the crystallization governs the length scale of the network order for non‐flexible molecular species without affecting the local bonding schemes. The capability of nc‐AFM to accurately resolve structural relaxations will be highly relevant for the characterization of vitreous two‐dimensional supramolecular materials.
Shining a light on the loss of rheophilic fish habitat in lowland rivers as a forgotten consequence of barriers, and its implications for management
Authors: Birnie‐Gauvin Kim , Aarestrup Kim , Riis Thorsten M.O. , Jepsen Niels , Koed Anders 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

The majority of rivers around Europe have been modified in one way or another, and no longer have an original, continuous flow from source to outlet. The presence of weirs and dams has altered habitats, thus affecting the wildlife that lives within them. This is especially true for migrating rheophilic fish species, which, in addition to safe passage, depend on gradient and fast‐flowing waters for reproductive success and early development.
Thus far, research has focused on investigating the impacts of weirs and dams on fish passage, with less attention paid to the loss of habitat entrained by such infrastructure. The loss of rheophilic habitat is particularly important in lowland streams, where gradient is limited, and dams and weirs can be constructed with less effort.
Denmark is considered a typical lowland country, where the landscape around streams and rivers has been modified by agriculture and other human activities for centuries, leaving management practitioners wondering how much change is acceptable to maintain sustainable fish populations and fisheries practices.
With examples from Denmark, this paper attempts to conceptualize the loss in habitat as a result of barriers in lowland streams and rivers, and the repercussions that such alterations may have on rheophilic fish populations. Furthermore, the need for management to address habitat loss and its related consequences concurrently with the improvement of fish passage is emphasized.
Classification and forecast of heavy rainfall in northern Kyushu during Baiu season using weather pattern recognition
Authors: Nguyen‐Le Dzung , Yamada Tomohito J. , Tran‐Anh Duc 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, the Self‐Organizing Maps in combination with K‐means clustering technique are used for classification of synoptic weather patterns inducing heavy rainfall exceeding 100 mm day−1 during the Baiu season (June–July) of 1979–2010 over northern Kyushu, southwestern Japan. It suggests that these local extreme rainfall events are attributed to four clustered patterns, which are primarily related to the Baiu front and the extratropical/tropical cyclone/depression activities and represented by the intrusion of warm and moist air accompanied by the low‐level jet or cyclonic circulation. The classification results are then implemented with the analogue method to predict the occurrence (yes/no) of local heavy rainfall days in June–July of 2011–2016 by using the prognostic synoptic fields from the operational Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Global Spectral Model (GSM). In general, the predictability of our approach evaluated by the Equitable Threat Score up to 7‐day lead times is significantly improved than that from the conventional method using only the predicted rainfall intensity from GSM. Although the false alarm ratio is still high, it is expected that the new method will provide a useful guidance, particularly for ranges longer than 2 days, for decision‐making and preparation by weather forecasters or end‐users engaging in disaster‐proofing and water management activities.
AR‐based value‐added visualization of infographic for enhancing learning performance
Authors: Mahmoudi Maryam Tayefeh , Mojtahedi Sara , Shams Sepideh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAugmented reality‐based infographic is an edutainment media that can play a significant role in transferring complicated issues for learning purposes. It has the potential to draw participant's attention to visualize various kinds of information including text, image, animation, 3D objects, etc. on infographic using smatphones and tablets. This paper discusses the effect of AR‐based infographic on improving learning performance via T‐Paired test and in the meantime the correlation between participants’ learning style based on Felder–Silverman model with their quadratic Bloom‐based knowledge. Experimental results confirm the usability of AR‐based infographic in improving learning performance and its impact on visual type participants no matter which kinds of knowledge they are equipped with.
Aminopyridine‐Borane Complexes as Hydrogen Atom Donor Reagents: Reaction Mechanism and Substrate Selectivity
Authors: Barth Florian , Achrainer Florian , Pütz Alexander M. , Zipse Hendrik 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLewis base‐borane complexes are shown to be potent hydrogen atom donors in radical chain reduction reactions. Results obtained in 1H, 11B, and 13C NMR measurements and kinetic experiments support a complex reaction mechanism involving the parent borane as well as its initial reaction products as active hydrogen atom donors. Efficient reduction reactions of iodides, bromides, and xanthates in apolar solvents rely on initiator systems generating oxygen‐centered radicals under thermal conditions and pyridine‐borane complexes carrying solubilizing substituents. In contrast to tin hydride reagents, the pyridine‐boranes reduce xanthates faster than the corresponding iodides.
A Combined Experimental/Computational Study of the Mechanism of a Palladium‐Catalyzed Bora‐Negishi Reaction
Authors: Campos Jesús , Nova Ainara , Kolychev Eugene L. , Aldridge Simon 
Published: July 2017

AbstractExperimental and computational efforts are reported which illuminate the mechanism of a novel boron version of the widespread Negishi coupling reaction that offers a new protocol for the formation of aryl/acyl C−B bonds using a bulky boryl fragment. The role of nucleophilic borylzinc reagents in the reduction of the PdII pre‐catalysts to Pd0 active species has been demonstrated. The non‐innocent behavior of the PPh3 ligands of the [Pd(PPh3)2Cl2] pre‐catalyst under activation conditions has been probed both experimentally and computationally, revealing the formation of a trimetallic Pd species bearing bridging phosphide (PPh2−) ligands. Our studies also reveal the monoligated formulation of the Pd0 active species, which led us to synthesize related (η3‐indenyl)Pd‐monophosphine catalysts which show improved catalytic performances under mild conditions. A complete mechanistic proposal to aid future catalyst developments is provided.
Development of a bead‐based multiplexed assay for simultaneous quantification of five bovine cytokines by flow cytometry
Authors: Rodrigues Valérie , Baudier Jean Baptiste , Chantal Isabelle 
Published: July 2017

AbstractQuantifying cytokines is extremely important in studies of host–pathogen interactions. Multiplex assays are commercially available but only for human and mouse cytokines. Here a method for the simultaneous quantification of five important bovine cytokines IFNγ, IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐12, and TNFα in cell culture supernatants, using flow cytometry was reported. Functional beads from BD Biosciences expressing specific APC intensity were used. Commercially available antibodies against bovine cytokines were covalently coupled to beads as capture antibodies. Fixed recombinant cytokines were revealed with a second monoclonal antibody coupled with biotin, then revealed with streptavidin–PE. This complex was analyzed using a standard flow cytometer. Experiments were performed to check no cross reactions had occurred. The limits of detection ranged between 0.08 and 0.4 ng/ml depending on the cytokine, and the linearity between the lower and higher limits was remarkable (R2 > 99.8%). Finally, native cytokines from cell culture supernatants were tested. Results were compared using the standard ELISA test and showed that concentrations of native cytokine in cell culture supernatants were comparable with the two methods, with a wider dynamic range using beads and flow cytometry than with ELISA assays. Bovine IFNγ, IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐12, and TNFα in culture supernatants can be now simultaneously detected in a single assay, using a standard flow cytometer for both basic and high‐throughput analyses. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A Consideration on Appropriate Parameters for Identifying Electron Density Profile in the Lower Ionosphere by using VLF Wave Propagation in the Earth‐Ionosphere Waveguide
Authors: ANDO YOSHIAKI , ITO HITOSHI 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYWe consider a problem identifying electron density profile in the lower ionosphere by observing electric fields at the Earth's surface in very‐low‐frequency (VLF) band. The identification problem is one of nonlinear inverse problems, and we solve the problem numerically by using the genetic algorithm in this study. The focus of this study is on appropriate parameters to solve the identification problem by using the VLF (22.2 kHz) wave propagating in the earth‐ionosphere waveguide. Numerical results show that the range of the electron density which can be identified is from 107 m‐3 to 108 m‐3, appropriate discretization of the solution space along the altitude is 10 km, and a sufficient number of observation points are necessary to mitigate the effect of noise.
Seasonal increases in fish trophic niche plasticity within a flood‐pulse river ecosystem (Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia)
Authors: Pool Thomas , Holtgrieve Gordon , Elliott Vittoria , McCann Kevin , McMeans Bailey , Rooney Neil , Smits Adrianne , Phanara Thach , Cooperman Michael , Clark Sydney , Phen Chheng , Chhuoy Samol 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSpecies’ responses to seasonal environmental variation can influence trophic interactions and food web structure within an ecosystem. However, our ability to predict how species’ interactions will vary spatially and temporally in response to seasonal variation unfortunately remains inadequate within most ecosystems. Fish assemblages in the Tonle Sap Lake (TSL) of Cambodia—a dynamic flood‐pulse ecosystem—were studied for five years (2010–2014) using stable isotope and Bayesian statistical approaches to explore both within‐ and among‐species isotopic niche variation associated with seasonal flooding. Roughly 600 individual fish specimens were collected during 19 sampling events within the lake. We found that fishes within the same species tended to have a broader isotopic niche during the wet season, likely reflecting assimilation of resources from either a wider range of isotopically distinct prey items or a variety of habitats, or both. Furthermore, among‐species isotopic niches tended to overlap and range more broadly during the wet season, suggesting that floodplain inundation promotes exploitation of more diverse and similar resources by different species in the fish community. Our study highlights that the flood‐pulse dynamic that is typical of tropical aquatic ecosystems may be an essential element supporting freshwater fish community structure and the fish diversity that underpins the TSL food web. This flow regime is currently threatened by regional dam development, which may in turn impact the natural function and structure of the fishery food web.
Managing Family Members: How Monitoring and Collaboration Affect Extra‐Role Behavior in Family Firms
Authors: Eddleston Kimberly A. , Kellermanns Franz W. , Kidwell Roland E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn a study of family firms that included survey responses from both family CEOs and family member employees, we examined the roles that collaboration and CEO monitoring play regarding the prevalence of extra‐role behavior, an important human resource outcome that can impact job performance and firm performance. Results indicated that an integration of stewardship and agency theories (manifested through interactions between family harmony and adaptability with monitoring) helps explain the level of extra‐role behavior displayed by family employees. The findings lend some support for the argument that effective human resource practices in family firms should be balanced between instrumental governance mechanisms that reflect a monitoring approach and normative mechanisms that focus on collaborative efforts among family employees. When this balance is achieved, an environment of fairness and accountability rather than a tone of distrust and forced compliance may prevail in family firms, thus addressing a key human resource issue in this hybrid form of organization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT PREPARATION FOR THE UNFORESEEABLE
Authors: Hinsley S. W. , Henshaw M. J. , Siemieniuch C. E. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper hypothesizes that a system‐of‐systems (SoS) that is not fit for purpose is so because it cannot implement the correct, timely, and complete transfers of material, energy, and information (MEI) between its constituents and with its external environment that are necessary to achieve a particular result. This research addresses the problem of maintaining a SoS fit for purpose after unpredictable changes in operation, composition, or external factors by creating a method, implemented as an engineering process, and supported by an analysis technique to enhance the affordance {“Features that provide the potential for interaction by affording the ability to do something” (Norman 1999)} of SoS constituents for MEI transfer and reveal potential undesirable transfers.
Combination of thresholding and fitting methods for measuring nanoparticle sizes and size distributions in (S)TEM
Authors: Shvedchenko Dmitry O. , Suvorova Elena I. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe practical need for a simple and reliable tool for routine size analysis of nanoparticles with diameters down to a few nm embedded in a polymer matrix motivated the development of a new approach. The idea underlying the method proposed in this work is to combine intensity thresholding and contrast fitting procedures in the same software for particle recognition and measurements of sizes and size distributions of nanoparticles in transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopy images. Particle recognition in images is performed in an interactive process of manual setting the numerical threshold level after image preprocessing. We show that fitting the calculated gray level distribution to the real images is able to provide a maximum accuracy in measurements of the particle diameters in contrast to thresholding approaches. The fitting procedure is applied in the vicinity of nanoparticle images with the mass‐thickness, diffraction, and chemical contrast. The grayscale function associated to the nanoparticle thickness is described using polynomial
with degree ⩾ 2 and undetermined coefficients. The program for particle detection and size measurement—Analyzer of Nanoparticles (AnNa)—has been written and is described here. It was successfully tested on systems containing Ag nanoparticles grown and stabilized in aqueous solutions of different polymers for biomedical use and is available from the authors.
Task‐based changes in proton MR spectroscopy signal during configural working memory in human medial temporal lobe
Authors: Shattuck Kyle F. , VanMeter John W. 
Published: July 2017

PurposeTo detect local cholinergic changes in human medial temporal lobe during configural working memory performance.Materials and MethodsProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) measurements were acquired at 3T from a 2 × 2 × 3 cm voxel in right medial temporal lobe from 36 subjects during performance of a configural visual working memory task (cWMT). In order to compensate for expected task‐based blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) T2* effects, resonance signal changes of unbound choline‐containing metabolites (Cho) were referenced to an internal standard of creatine + phosphocreatine metabolites (Cre) and compared between four task blocks: rest, memorization, active memory maintenance, and recognition. An unannounced memory retention test was conducted in 21 subjects. Quality assurance analyses examined task‐based Cho and Cre individually as well as referenced to resonance signal from N‐acetylaspartate (NAA).ResultsIncreases from a resting baseline in the Cho/Cre ratio were observed during 60‐second blocks of active memory maintenance across the group (P = 0.0042). Behavioral accuracy during task performance correlated with memory retention (r = 0.48, P = 0.027). Quality assurance measures showed task‐based changes in Cre resonance signal both individually (P = 0.00099) and when utilized as a noncholinergic internal reference (NAA/Cre, P = 0.00079).ConclusionIncreases in human medial temporal lobe 1H‐MRS Cho/Cre ratio occur during the maintenance of configural working memory information. However, interpretation of these results as driven by cholinergic activity cannot be assumed, as NAA, a noncholinergic metabolite, shows similar results when utilizing Cre as a reference. Caution is advised when considering Cre as an internal standard for task‐based 1H‐MRS measurements.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:682–691.
When Problems Lead to Ideas: The Roles of Daily Vigor and Social Interactions
Authors: Groenewoudt Aleid C. , Rooks Gerrit , van Gool Piet J. R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, we investigate idea generation by conducting a diary study. We hypothesized that idea generation depends on problem identification, and that this relation is moderated by two factors: (a) the number of social interactions an individual has with “non‐redundant” network connections, and (b) an individual's level of vigor. The hypotheses were tested by making use of a diary study among 31 employees of a Dutch applied university over a period of 2 weeks. Results showed that idea generation results from the identification of problems that require new ideas to solve them. An individual's number of social interactions and the level of redundancy of these social interactions moderated this relation. The level of vigor of an individual did not predict idea generation, but results suggest that vigor is needed for interacting with others. Furthermore, this study contributes to the creativity research using a new approach to look at the effects of social interactions by relating them to the overall structure of social networks.
The Indirect Effect of Teachers’ Creative Mindsets on Teaching Creativity
Authors: Paek Sue Hyeon , Sumners Sarah E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUnderstanding how teachers’ implicit beliefs promote and inhibit students’ creativity has important implications for fostering creativity in the classroom. This study investigated whether the effect of teachers’ fixed creative mindset on their self‐efficacy for teaching creativity was mediated by their perceptions of students’ potential and the degree to which this indirect effect varied by level of growth creative mindset. A sample of educators (N = 119) completed an online survey containing questions regarding creative mindsets, perceptions of students’ potential, self‐efficacy for teaching creativity, and a set of relevant covariates. A moderated mediation analysis indicated that the more teachers believed creativity to be innate, the less teachers tended to perceive every student to possess creative potential. Consequently, teachers’ confidence in their ability to teach for creativity was diminished. Results from the corresponding tests of simple indirect effects indicated that this negative indirect effect of a fixed creative mindset was lessened by teachers’ growth creative mindset. Taken together, the findings suggest the likely significant role of teachers’ fixed and growth creative mindsets for fostering creativity in classroom.
Ultrasound‐guided core needle biopsy in salivary glands: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Hee Joon , Kim Jong Seung 
Published: July 2017

Objectives/HypothesisCore needle biopsy is an effective diagnostic tool widely used in many oncological diagnostic approaches. It provides an adequate tissue sample for histological evaluation of architecture, which allows tumor grading and classification of malignant and benign tumors. This study aimed to provide an updated meta‐analysis and systematic review of core needle biopsy in the salivary glands.Study DesignA literature search using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through December 2016.MethodsData on true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives were extracted from the relevant articles. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. We calculated accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random‐effects models that considered both within‐ and between‐study variations.ResultsOur search included 10 observational studies. For core needle biopsy, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of salivary glands were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92‐0.96, I2 = 18.7%, χ2 P = .27) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97‐0.99, I2 = 79.6%, χ2 P = .00), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97‐0.99). Seven hematomas, one case of temporary facial paralysis caused by local anesthesia, and no tumor seeding were reported from a total of 1,315 procedures.ConclusionsUltrasound core needle biopsy of salivary glands is an excellent diagnostic tool in terms of accuracy, technical performance, and safety profile.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:118–125, 2018