bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain Perception in Children with Autism (Prospective Study of 40 Cases)
Authors: Kachouchi A. , Said S. , Fadoua P.O.N. , Benali P.A. , Imane P.A. , Fatiha P.M. , Fatima P.A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRecent studies show a different mode of expression of pain associated with disorders of verbal and nonverbal communication, body schema and some cognitive impairment in autistic children.The aim of our study was to evaluate the reactivity of an autistic child in a slightly painful stimulation in a standardized situation where there is a dual relationship with an adult.MethodsWe conducted a study, on 40 children with autism. The diagnosis of autism was established following a multidisciplinary assessment including scale ADIR (Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised) and ADOS (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule). Severity of autism was assessed by the CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale). All subjects were submitted to a pinch with a clothespin camouflaged by the palm of the hand of the examiner. The reactivity to pain was assessed by the NCCPC (Non-communicating children's pain checklist).ResultsAll children have responded to pain, 57.5% had moderate to severe pain and 42.5% had mild pain. The evaluation of the expression of pain according to the items of the NCCPC showed that 95% of children responded with motor responses, 90% responded with vocal productions, only half of the children (55%) presented facial expressions and 12. 5% of the children showed physiological indices. The analysis of the type of motor and vocal reactions was not moving toward pain in almost all children (removal or protection of the area of the body affected, the precise location of the painful area are almost absent in our sample).ConclusionThese results are in favor of a different mode of expression of pain in children with autism.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Dissociative Symptoms in Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Nivoli A. , Nivoli L.F. , Antonioli M. , Floris L. , Folini L. , Milia P. , Vento L.I. , Depalmas C. , Lorettu L. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo study the association of dissociative symptoms and specific psychopathological dimensions in a sample of patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).MethodsAn observational analytic study was conducted. Patients with BPD were administered the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline (DIB-R) and Dissociative Experience Scale (DES–II).ResultsParticipants were 34 adult patients with BPD. The majority presented with dissociative symptoms (65.6%; n = 21). A statistical significant correlation was found between DES total score and DIB-R subscales: depression (P = 0.04), feeling of loneliness and emptiness (P = 0.005), sexual deviation (P = 0.002) and intolerance to loneliness (P = 0.01). Furthermore, depersonalization was statistically correlated with the severity of borderline psychopathology (DIB-R total score- P = 0.04), suicidal behavior (P = 0.001) and interpersonal problems (P = 0.04). Derealization was significantly correlated with cognition (P = 0.02), psychotic thought (P = 0.004) and intolerance to loneliness (P = 0.02).ConclusionsDissociative symptoms are not easy to detect in the clinical daily work. More than a half of patients with BPD presented with dissociative symptoms detected with a specific rating scale. Particularly, only some specific psychopathological dimensions are correlated with dissociation and need to be assessed in patients with BPD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Overweight/obese Patient Referrals to Plastic Surgery: Temperamental and Personality Traits
Authors: Pavan C. , Bassetto F. , Vindigni V. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionCorrelations between psychiatric disorders and overweight/obesity are reported in the literature. The study aimed at detecting correlations between psychiatric disorders, temperamental traits and body image perception in overweight and obese patients who seek surgical lipostructuring treatments.Methods28 overweight/obese patients (age 18–60 yrs, BMI 25 to 34.9 at recruitment) were enrolled in the period March 2008–June 2011 between those referring to the outpatient service for Obesity-related lipodystrophisms of the Institute of Plastic Surgery. Presence of psychiatric disorders, temperamental traits and body image perception were evaluated, and compared to a control group (n = 25) from general population sharing clinical/demographic features. Psychiatric evaluation was based on acquisition of clinical history, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Beck Depression Inventory, Yale Brown Scale (YBOCS), Paykel Life Events Scale, NEO Five Factory Inventory, Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ).ResultsThe patients group presented higher scoring in lifetime depression and BSQ with moderate/mild concern with body shapes. With regard to personality traits, TPQ revealed higher score in subscale RD4 (dependence/independence) in the patients, while controls scored higher in “openness to experience” NEO-FFI sub-scale. At YBOCS obese patients presented higher prevalence of obsessive characters.ConclusionThe affective sphere is a relevant feature in obese patients, but also obsessive traits, as negative body shape perception and temperamental and personality characteristics appear to be involved in leading patients to seek surgical consultation. These aspects are implicated in medical/surgical outcome and compliance to treatments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Psychotic Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Kılıçaslan E.E. , Esen A. , Izci Kasal M. , Ozelci E. , Murat B. , Gulec M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe association between childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms is still not clearly understood. Findings for positive and negative symptoms are confounding. This symptomatic response may differ according to the type of childhood trauma, for example childhood abuse was associated with positive symptoms while childhood neglect was associated with negative symptoms.ObjectivesThis study examined the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients after controlling for the possible confounding factors, such as clinical features, depression, and sleep quality.MethodsThe childhood trauma questionnaire – short form, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, and the suicidality subscale of mini-international neuropsychiatric interview were administered to 199 patients with schizophrenia. We used sequential multiple stepwise regression analyses in which positive symptoms, negative symptoms, overall psychopathology and total symptoms of schizophrenia were dependent variables.ResultsDepressive symptomatology and childhood physical abuse (CPA) significantly contributed to positive, negative, general psychopathology and global schizophrenia symptomatology. Stepwise regression analysis results are presented in Table 1.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CPA during childhood could have an impact on psychopathology in schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Day-to-day and Social Functioning of Patients with Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Post-hoc Analyses of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial with Cariprazine Monotherapy and Risperidone
Authors: Barabássy Á. , Laszlovszky I. , Szatmári B. , Szalai E. , Harsányi J. , Németh G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionNegative symptoms have substantial impact on day-to-day functioning of patients with schizophrenia affecting their ability to perform activities of daily living and to maintain personal relationships.ObjectiveTo present post hoc data on day-to-day and social functioning of patients with predominant negative symptom (PNS) of schizophrenia, treated with cariprazine versus risperidone.MethodsData from 26 weeks, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study in PNS patients were analyzed (EudraCT 2012-005485-36). Subjects with PNS (PANSS factor score for negative symptoms ≥24) were randomized to cariprazine 4.5 mg/d or risperidone 4 mg/d. Change from baseline to end of treatment on the personal and social performance scale (PSP) and PANSS prosocial subscale (P3, P6, N2, N4, N7, G16) was analyzed.ResultsSignificantly greater improvements were seen with cariprazine compared to risperidone in the change from baseline to end of treatment on the PSP (LSMD + 4.632 [2.71, 6.56]; P < 0.001) from week 10 onwards (effect size 0.48); in the PSP subdomains of self-care (LSMD −0.2 [−0.3; −0.1]; P = 0.004), personal and social relationships (LSMD −0.2 [−0.4;−0.1]; P < 0.001) and socially useful activities (LSMD −0.4 [−0.5; −0.2]; P < 0.001); in the number of patients who improved at least 10 points on the PSP (OR 2.1; P = 0.001) or shifted to a higher category (OR 2.2; P = 0.001); and on the PANSS prosocial subscale (LSMD −0.8 [−1.41, −0.16]; P = 0.014).ConclusionPost hoc evaluation of this study showed that cariprazine treatment is associated with a clinically relevant improvement in patient functioning and social competence compared to risperidone.Disclosure of interestEmployee of Gedeon Richter Plc.
The Relationship Between Negative Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning in Patients with an at Risk Mental State for Psychosis
Authors: Leanza L. , Egloff L. , Studerus E. , Andreou C. , Heitz U. , Beck K. , Menghini-Müller S. , Ittig S. , Riecher-Rössler A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionNegative symptoms and cognitive impairments are both present in patients with an at risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis and negatively affect functioning and outcome. According to previous studies in patients with first-episode psychosis, negative symptoms are negatively associated with cognitive functioning while positive symptoms do not seem to be associated. Yet, little is known about the specific relationship of negative symptoms and cognitive functioning in ARMS patients.ObjectiveTo evaluate, the relationship between negative symptoms and cognitive functioning in ARMS patients.MethodsData of 154 ARMS patients were collected within the prospective Basel early detection of psychosis (FePsy) study. Negative symptoms were assessed with the SANS, positive psychotic symptoms with the BPRS, cognitive functioning with an extensive neuropsychological test battery. Multiple regressions were applied and results were controlled for age and gender.ResultsRegression analyses showed a significant, negative association between negative but not positive psychotic symptoms and cognitive functioning, showing the strongest association with verbal fluency (see Fig. 1). However, results mainly did not withstand correction for multiple testing.ConclusionsThe association found between verbal fluency and negative symptoms may be indicative of an overlap between those constructs. Finally, verbal fluency might have a strong influence on the clinical impression of negative symptoms, especially on alogia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Management of Insomnia by Tunisian General Practitioners
Authors: Yaich K. , Maalej Bouali M. , Charfi N. , Sellami W. , Nasr Z. , Zouari L. , Ben Thebet J. , Maalej M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSleep disorders are common in clinical practice. However, they are relatively poorly understood by doctors. The aim of our study was to describe the management of insomnia by general practitioners (GPs).MethodsA cross-sectional survey was carried out during the month of Mai 2016. Among the 193 GPs randomly selected from different areas of Sfax, in Tunisia, 127 completed a questionnaire about the management of insomnia.ResultsAmong our participants, 46.5% stated that they often discuss the quality of sleep with their patients even when it is not their chief complaint. Forty-three percent reported that they are often consulted by insomniac patients. Twelve percent of GPs declared they know the “sleep diary”. Homeopathic treatment was the most prescribed first line medication (45.3%). Sleep hygiene measures were commonly recommended by 82.7% of the GPs. Relaxation therapy was known by 46.7% of the GPs and used by 26.7%. Sleep-restriction therapy was known and used by respectively 15.8% and 9.2% of participants. Discussing the quality of sleep with patients was correlated to: the frequency of solicitation for insomnia (P = 0.00), the knowledge of sleep diary (P = 0.031), and the recommendation of sleep hygiene measures (P = 0.032).ConclusionContinuous medical education, especially concerning non-pharmacological treatment measures, could drastically improve the management of insomnia by Tunisian GPs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Spatial Pattern of Suicides in Europe
Authors: Kandrychyn S. , Yury R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe regularity in suicide rates in Europe was one of the essential challenges facing social scholars at the end of XIX century.AimsThe present study aims to assess the continuation of this phenomenon in XXI century.MethodsTo explore this phenomenon, suicide rates were obtained from WHO official publications for 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2012 across 41 European nations. In order to examine the regularity of spatial suicide pattern, the data sets were subjected to Spearman's rank order correlation analysis.ResultsThe suicide rates rank order distribution between European nations in 1990 was associated with suicide rates in 2000, 2010 and 2012 (rs = .91, .81, and .80, respectively, P < .001). The national suicide death indices show the significant positive correlation over the studied period, what means the definite regularity of suicide mortality pattern and absence of essential changes or fluctuations between the regions. The highest indices have the countries situated on the Northern and Eastern part of the European continent (Lithuania, Russia, Belarus and Hungary). On the opposite pole are the nations settled the Mediterranean and British islands. Thus, the fixed gradient in suicide distribution with the growing to the north and northeast of European continent is visible. The same stable vector in suicide spatial distribution is duplicated on the vast territories on the east part of Europe.ConclusionsThe data presented support the idea that spatial regularity in suicide distribution in Europe is not generally connected with social and cultural changes occurred during the centuries.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Association between ADHD and psychopathy among inmates in a high-security prison in Portugal
Authors: Loureiro D. , Machado A. , Silva T. , Veigas T. , Cerejeira J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionADHD is associated with psychopathic traits, both in the general population and in perpetrators, due to the impulsivity, but not the affective component of psychopathy.ObjectivesTo analyze this relationship among a sample of inmates from a high-security male prison, using an instrument that further divides the callous-unemotional factor of psychopathy into boldness and cruelty, and see if they relate to ADHD independently from the impulsivity/disinhibition.MethodsOne hundred and one subjects aged 18–65, with at least 4 years of formal education, were interviewed for socio-demographic data and completed the ASRS-v1.1 (Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale) and the TriPM (Triarchic Psychopathy Measure). Subjects were divided into ADHD positive or negative according to their score in the ASRS-v1.1, and then compared regarding TriPM score (total, disinhibition, boldness and cruelty) using Student's t-test. Linear regression was used to assess independency between the subscales of TriPM.ResultsSeventeen subjects scored positive for ADHD. They significantly differed from the non-ADHD group regarding all psychopathy scores (total, t = −5.03, P < 0.0001; disinhibition, t = −3.53, P = 0.0006; and cruelty, t = −4.96, P < 0.0001), except for boldness (t = 1.97, P = 0.005). The cruelty score is independent from boldness (R2 = 0.03) but not from the disinhibition score (R2 = 0.24). Disinhibition and boldness are also unrelated (R2 = 0.01).ConclusionsIn line with previous work, our study shows a strong association between ADHD and psychopathy, with both conditions sharing the disinhibition/impulsivity factor. Although ADHD subjects score higher for cruelty, this isn’t independent from disinhibition, and may be a result of them being more prone to admit to cruel behaviours, due to deficient response inhibition.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, a treatment discussion
Authors: Ramos-perdigues S. , Gordillo M.J. , Caballero C. , Latorre S. , Boned S.V. , Guisado M. , De Almuedo M. , Torres P. , Sanchez M.T. , Contreras E. , Fernandez A. , Esmeralda G. , Sanchez E. , Segura M. , Torres C. , Herrero G. , Tur M. , Merino C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionCannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), is characterized by recurrent episodes of severe nausea and intractable vomiting, preceded by chronic use of cannabis. A pathognomonic characteristic is compulsive bathing in hot water. The resolution of the problem occurs when cannabis use is stopped. However, patients are often reluctant to discontinue cannabis. Treatment with anti-emetic medication is ineffective. Case series suggested haloperidol as a potential treatment. Other antipsychotics as olanzapine has been used as anti-emetic treatment in chemotherapy.ObjectivesTo describe three cases of patients with CHS whom showed a successful response to olanzapine, even when, haloperidol had failed.AimsTo present an alternative treatment for CHS which can offer benefits over haloperidol.MethodsWe present three cases of patients who suffered from CHS and were admitted to emergency department. All patients were treated with olanzapine after conventional anti-hemetic treatment failure. One patient was also unsuccessfully treated with haloperidol.ResultsAll three patients showed a good response to olanzapine treatment. Different presentations were effective: velotab and intramuscular. Their nausea, vomits and agitation were ameliorated. They could be discharge after maintained remission of symptoms.ConclusionsOlanzapine should be considered as an adequate treatment for CHS. Its suitable receptorial profile, its availability in different routes of administration and its side effects profile could offer some benefits over haloperidol.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sensitivity and specificity of the Italian version of the bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale. Different scores in distinct populations with unipolar depression
Authors: Piacentino D. , Girardi P. , Md K.G.D. , Sanna L. , Pacchiarotti I. , Rossi D.P. , Girardi N. , Rizzato S. , Callovini G. , Sani G. , Manfredi G. , Brugnoli R. , Pompili M. , Pies R. , Ghaemi S.N. , Mazzarini L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionTo date, the proposition of recurrence as a subclinical bipolar disorder feature has not received adequate testing.Objectives/AimsWe used the Italian version of the bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale (BSDS), a self-rated questionnaire of bipolar risk, in a sample of patients with mood disorders to test its specificity and sensitivity in identifying cases and discriminating between high risk for bipolar disorder major depressive patients (HRU) and low risk (LRU) adopting as a high recurrence cut-off five or more lifetime major depressive episodes.MethodsWe included 115 patients with DSM-5 bipolar disorder (69 type I, 41 type II, and 5 NOS) and 58 with major depressive disorder (29 HRU and 29 LRU, based on the recurrence criterion). Patients filled-out the Italian version of the BSDS, which is currently undergoing a validation process.ResultsThe BSDS, adopting a threshold of 14, had 84% sensitivity and 76% specificity. HRU, as predicted, scored on the BSDS intermediate between LRU and bipolar disorder. Clinical characteristics of HRU were more similar to bipolar disorder than to LRU; HRU, like bipolar disorder patients, had more lifetime hospitalizations, higher suicidal ideation and attempt numbers, and higher rates of family history of suicide.ConclusionsThe BSDS showed satisfactory sensitivity and sensitivity. Splitting the unipolar sample into HRU and LRU, on the basis of the at least 5 lifetime major depressive episodes criterion, yielded distinct unipolar subpopulations that differ on outcome measures and BSDS scores.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Relationship between migration-stressors and self-reported symptoms of depression in an outpatient sample of Vietnamese migrants in Germany
Authors: Ta T.M.T. , Wolf S. , Nguyen M.H. , Dettling M. , Hahn E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionVietnamese migrants under the influence of migration-related stressors (MRS) represent a vulnerable group within the mental health care system in Germany.AimsFirst study examining the relationship between the quantity of experienced MRS and the severity of self-reported symptoms of depression in a Vietnamese outpatient-sample.Methods137 first-generation Vietnamese migrants diagnosed with depression were asked to complete the BDI-II and 24 questions about stressful experiences related to the migration process. Linear regression models was performed to examine the influence of the MRS-quantity on BDI-II total score and on BDI-II subscales (Buckley et al., 2001).ResultsA higher number of experienced MRS was found to be related to a higher BDI-II total score, as well as to a higher score on the cognitive subscale in particular. Regarding the cognitive depression-dimension the BDI-II items pessimism, past failure, guilt feelings, punishment feelings and suicidal thoughts were positively related to the MRS-quantity.Discussion and conclusionA dose-response-relationship was found, with a higher number of MRS being related to a higher severity level of self-reported depressiveness as well as to a higher level of cognitive depression-symptoms in particular. The increase in suicidal ideations in the light of MRS-exposure is in line with findings from other migrant populations. Therapeutic interventions may focus (more) on depressive cognitions as a result of recurring MRS-experiences. Special attention should be placed on suicidal thoughts being boosted by MRS.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.