bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FINRA rule amendment requires registration of associated persons who develop algorithmic trading strategies
Authors: Foley Michael T. , Angstadt Janet M. , Pazzol Ross , Van De Graaff James D. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
To analyze a recently approved FINRA rule amendment that will require registration with FINRA of associated persons of FINRA-member firms who are primarily responsible for the design, development or significant modification of an algorithmic trading strategy.

Design/methodology/approach
This article discusses the rationale and details of the proposed requirements.

Findings
The amended FINRA rule, particularly when combined with the SEC’s proposed amendments to Rule 15b9-1 under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, will result in many individuals who currently are not subject to a FINRA registration requirement to pass a qualification examination and register.

Originality/value
This article contains valuable information about important FINRA rule-making activity.
MSRB and FINRA issue joint notice cautioning broker-dealers and municipal advisors about bank loans
Authors: Huang Juliet H. , Burr James C. , Cosgrove Richard A. , Odem Nathan H.B. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
To alert lenders, broker-dealers and municipal advisors to a joint regulatory notice from the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (“MSRB”) and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) regarding direct purchase or “bank loan” transactions.

Design/methodology/approach
Explains the MSRB and FINRA notice, why the notice was issued, what lenders should know about the notice, what broker-dealers and municipal advisors should know about the notice, and what MSRB rules could apply to bank loans.

Findings
Firms should determine whether state and local government obligations acquired through bank loan transactions constitute municipal securities for federal securities law purposes.

Originality/value
Review of a recently issued regulatory notice by experienced municipal securities lawyers.
Whistling fast and furious: SEC and CFTC continue to issue awards
Authors: Srere Mark , Mammen Jennifer 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
To analyze the recent Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) whistleblower awards and to evaluate what issues may be important for in-house counsel in the future.

Design/methodology/approach
The article discusses the most recent whistleblower settlements and focuses on lessons learned for compliance.

Findings
The SEC continues to publicize substantial whistleblower awards in an effort to attract additional whistleblowers and gather information that may lead to successful enforcement actions. In addition, the CFTC, whose corresponding Whistleblower Program has been slow to issue awards has announced that it is ramping up its program.

Practical implications
Companies should ensure that they have vigorous compliance programs in place to prevent and detect potential securities violations and to respond immediately in order to mitigate penalties that may result from inadvertent violations.

Originality/value
This article identifies recent awards issued under Whistleblower Programs created under the Dodd-Frank Act and should be of interest to publicly traded companies and all entities regulated by the SEC and CFTC that may be targeted by potential whistleblowers.
SEC releases additional no-action letters on “substantial implementation” of shareholder proxy access proposals
Authors: Newell John , Hu An-Yen , Weber Bradley 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
To explain a series of no-action letters recently released by the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance that help to clarify the circumstances in which a company may exclude shareholder proposals involving proxy access bylaw provisions from the company’s proxy statement.

Design/methodology/approach
Explains the background of competing proxy access bylaw provisions adopted or proposed by companies and proposed by shareholders, the “directly conflicts” test explained in SEC Staff Legal Bulletin 14H, and the “substantially implemented” guidelines implied in a series of no-action letters in February and March 2016. Explains the status of shareholder proxy access proposals as of Spring 2016.

Findings
Taken together with an earlier series of no-action letters released in February 2016 and Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14H, published in October 2015, companies considering the adoption of a proxy access bylaw provision now have a clearer understanding of when the Staff of the Division of Corporation Finance is likely to conclude that a company may appropriately exclude a proxy access shareholder proposal in favor of a proxy access provision adopted or proposed by a company.
No Harm Done – dispelling myths, giving hope and practical help for young people, parents and professionals affected by self-harm
Authors: Bush Marc 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The No Harm Done films provide hope and give support to those affected by self-harm. The accompanying digital packs dispel myths, answer frequently asked questions, provide practical advice and signpost to further help and support. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
YoungMinds employed its sector-leading expertise in youth and parent engagement. Both the films and digital packs were co-created with young people, parents and professionals, reflecting their real-life experiences of self-harm.

Findings
The project responded to young people who self-harm telling us they feel isolated, alone, in need of hope and help to counteract the negative and frightening messages widely available online. Parents confided they also feel isolated and that it is their fault their child is harming themselves. Teachers told us they see the signs but cannot bring themselves to say anything, and even if they want to, they cannot find the words to reach out to young people.

Originality/value
Quote from a professional “I personally found the No Harm Done short films to be incredibly valuable resources for my practice with young people. The way the films have been produced will make it a lot harder for young people that I work with to judge the action of self-harm given that there are no graphic harming words/stories and the films themselves do not come across as triggering. I feel enthusiastic that these films will encourage understanding and empathy from peers and spark conversation enabling those who have no knowledge around self-harm to be more accepting, open and supportive of those who have issues with self-harm.”
The influence of therapeutic horticulture on social integration
Authors: Howarth Michelle Louise , McQuarrie Cath , Withnell Neil , Smith Emma 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to qualitatively evaluate the impact of therapeutic horticulture (TH) on social integration for people who have mental health problems.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative grounded theory approach captured the perceptions about TH from people with mental health problems. Data were collected using semi-structured focus group and interviews from a purposive sample (n=7) and were analysed using a constant comparative approach.FindingsFour key themes emerged from the analysis: “a space to grow”, “seeing the person”, “learning about each other through nature” and “connecting to nature and others”. The findings suggest that TH enabled participants to integrate socially, engage with nature and develop confidence.Research limitations/implicationsTH is a potential approach that can help combat social isolation. The findings from this research have implications for people working towards supporting people who are socially excluded. However, this was a pilot study with a small sample size of seven people with mental health problems, whilst four key themes emerged, the saturation of concepts rather than the sample size were saturated to provide an emic perspective of the phenomena.Practical implicationsTH provides a person centred approach that enables people with mental health problems to re-engage and connect with their fellow human beings. Using TH could help improve the public health and well-being of local communities through re-connecting people to the environment and reduce social isolation.Social implicationsTH embody the principles of empowerment, person centeredness and can support people with mental health problems to integrate socially.Originality/valueThere is limited evidence about the influence that TH have on mental health and social integration. The use of TH is an area that is gathering evidence and this small study highlights the perceived potential benefits of this approach.
Exercise of ownership rights and efficiency in state-owned enterprises: the case of Uruguay
Authors: Munyo Ignacio , Regent Pablo 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the relevance of the exercise of ownership rights on the management of state-owned enterprises (SOEs).Design/methodology/approachThe author exploited a “natural experiment” observed in Uruguay. The author developed an empirical method that to compare the results of SOEs between two five-year presidential terms with de facto differences with regard to the exercise of ownership rights.FindingsThe author found evidence suggesting that the poor exercise of ownership rights has a negative impact on the results of SOEs.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this study are based exclusively on the Uruguayan case and are limited to the comparison between two five-year terms.Practical implicationsA holding of SOEs that holds and exerts ownership rights emerges as a natural alternative to improve efficiency.Originality/valueThe exercise of ownership rights in SOEs has a significant impact on its performance indicators.
Store creativity, store potency, store performance, retailing
Authors: Rego Arménio , Reis Júnior Dálcio , Cunha Miguel Pina e , Stallbaum Gabriel 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to test whether retail stores’ creativity predicts several indicators of performance through stores’ potency.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 45 stores (n= 317 employees) of a Brazilian retail chain was included, and a group/store level of analysis was adopted. Performance was measured through objective measures. To reduce the risks of common method variance, group creativity and group potency were measured with data from different store members.FindingsThe findings show that store creativity predicts indicators of store performance through store potency.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was carried out within a single organization, and the stores’ sample is small. Other causalities are plausible, and future studies should adopt a longitudinal design to test reciprocal effects between the variables of the study.Practical implicationsCultivating creativity (via the selection of creative individuals and nurturing contextual conditions that encourage creativity) may have at least indirect effects on store performance.Originality/valueWhile the few empirical studies relating group creativity (still an under-researched topic) and performance have mostly used subjective performance measures, this study uses objective measures.
Comparing multisource ratings: can I believe what they say about my leadership behaviour?
Authors: Vilkinas Tricia 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate whether the feedback managers receive from their work colleagues is based on a shared understanding of their leadership behaviours. This similarity in perception is called conceptual equivalence. The study also took into account the managers’ and their work colleagues’ expectations.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 441 managers participated in a 360-degree feedback programme that sought responses from their bosses (n = 380), peers (n = 1,621) and subordinates (n = 1,680). The instrument used was the Competing Values Framework 16-item survey, which describes the leadership behaviours that managers must display to be effective. It also measures the behaviours they consider important. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the rating scores of the managers and the three hierarchical levels of their work colleagues to determine conceptual equivalence between self and work colleagues’ ratings. Conceptual models were formulated and compared by testing for factor form equivalence.

Findings
Conceptual equivalence was found across all rater groups for both leadership behaviours displayed and the importance of leadership behaviours.

Practical implications
This paper provides managers and human resource professionals with useful insights on how to improve the use of 360-degree feedback processes by ensuring that conceptual equivalence is established for feedback supplied by raters from different hierarchical levels. The findings also stress the importance of including expectations when receiving feedback on leadership behaviours.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on the benefits of determining the conceptual equivalence of feedback received by managers from various work colleagues. A second contribution is the inclusion of expectations in the feedback process, as none of the previous work has included such a measure.
Determinants of SME growth
Authors: Kachlami Habib , Yazdanfar Darush 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the firm-level financial variables affecting the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachThe study applies a resource-based view to analyze the firm-level as well as industry-level determinants of SME growth. Empirical evidence has also been provided from a data set of SMEs in Sweden to support the hypotheses. For a robust statistical analysis, three models – ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, random-effects regression and fixed-effects regression – are used to examine the influence of explanatory variables on growth.FindingsThe findings of this study show a positive and significant influence of profitability, short-term debt and size on a firm’s growth across all three models. Results regarding the influence of long-term debt on growth, however, are mixed. While the results of a fixed-effect model show the negative and significant influence of long-term debt on growth, the results according to OLS and random effects show long-term debt positively related to growth.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has been conducted over a period of four years and in the context of Sweden which may limit the generalizability of its results for longer periods and for different contexts. Moreover, the low explanatory power of the models implies the need to also consider other types of variables, such as managerial or socio-economic variables, to better explain the determinants of SME growth.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the determinants of growth can be important for policy makers, SME managers and financial institutions. The findings of this study can be used for designing policies which stimulate SME growth. Realizing the financial resources that influence growth can also help SME managers and financial institutions to understand each other’s need for better cooperation.Originality/valueThis paper applies different models for analyzing large and cross-sectoral data regarding SME growth in the context of Sweden.
Searching for effective change interventions for the transformation into a high performance organization
Authors: de Waal André , Heijtel Ivo 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
In recent years, the concept of the high-performance organization (HPO) has gained interest among organizations seeking to outperform their competitors and ensure business continuance. However, despite an increasing number of studies on high performance, the literature still does not present a clear organizational change approach with change interventions that effectively transform “ordinary organizations” into HPOs. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by identifying change interventions that have proven themselves in practice, i.e. they actually increase commitment of managers and employees to the HPO transformation process.

Design/methodology/approach
This study consists of developing a theoretical HPO change approach based on the change model of Whelan-Berry and Somerville (2010), followed by testing and applying the resulting 21 change interventions at a case company going through an HPO transformation.

Findings
The research results show that 75 per cent of the applied change interventions were either effective or very effective. Also, 25 per cent of the interventions were not very effective; most of these were individual-oriented.

Research limitations/implications
The change interventions with positive outcomes in this study can be applied by organizations during the HPO transformation. Future research should be performed in multiple industries and countries to investigate whether industry and country factors affect the effectiveness of change interventions.

Originality/value
Although much has been written about approaches for organizational change interventions, no change interventions specifically for creating an HPO are mentioned in the literature. Thus, the relevance of this study is that it constitutes the first step toward filling the gap in current literature on effective change interventions. This study provides a set of effective change interventions that drive successful HPO transformations.
Strategic forecasting: the management perspective
Authors: Duus Henrik Johannsen 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to present an overview of the area of strategic forecasting and its research directions and to put forward some ideas for improving management decisions.Design/methodology/approachThis article is conceptual but also informed by the author’s long contact and collaboration with various business firms. It starts by presenting an overview of the area and argues that the area is as much a way of thinking as a toolbox of theories and methodologies. It then spells out a number of research directions and ideas for management.FindingsStrategic forecasting is seen as a rebirth of long range planning, albeit with new methods and theories. Firms should make the building of strategic forecasting capability a priority.Research limitations/implicationsThe article subdivides strategic forecasting into three research avenues and suggests avenues for further research efforts.Practical implicationsThe article provides five examples of ideas that may enable managers to analyze and understand the future of their firm’s environment, thus improving investments in a wide variety of areas.Originality/valueThis article’s contribution is a relatively novel way of theorizing within a somewhat neglected area. It also suggests several new practical ideas that may improve management decisions.
Business strategy, enterprise risk management and organizational performance
Authors: Soltanizadeh Sara , Abdul Rasid Siti Zaleha , Mottaghi Golshan Nargess , Wan Ismail Wan Khairuzzaman 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to identify the influence of business strategy on enterprise risk management (ERM) adoption and organizational performance (OP). In addition, the mediation effect of ERM on the relationship between business strategy and OP is assessed.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional analysis of primary data gathered from 174 public listed companies in Malaysian Bourse through survey was conducted.

Findings
Companies with cost leadership business strategy are more eager to implement ERM compared to companies with differentiation strategy. The results also indicate that ERM implementation has a significant positive impact on OP. Though ERM is a partial mediator of the relationship between cost leadership strategy and OP, it does not mediate the relationship between differentiation strategy and OP.

Research limitations/implications
One of the limitations of this study was the small number of respondents, comprising only 174 public listed companies. In addition, the manifest variables adopted from previous studies may not be the best indicators to measure latent variables. Nonetheless, this study fills the gaps in ERM studies by determining the impact of different kinds of strategy on ERM adoption and investigating the mediating effect of ERM on the relationship between business strategy and OP.

Practical implications
Although the trend in Malaysia seems to move toward ERM adoption, evidence shows that it is not widely practiced among Malaysian firms. Directors of Malaysian companies can understand better the impact of enterprise business strategy on the adoption of risk management and how ERM influences OP. The results of this study also provide valuable insights for the corporate governance regulatory authorities.

Originality/value
This paper is among the few to assess the impact of firm’s strategy on ERM adoption and to determine the mediation effect of ERM on the relationship between business strategy and OP.
Ecological transcendence and ecological behavior: a test of the S-curve hypothesis
Authors: Zoogah David B. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeAdopting a positive organizational scholarship perspective, this paper aims to examine dynamic effects of ecological transcendence on ecological behavior.Design/methodology/approachBased on 176 responses of employees from 46 organizations, the author found that both quadratic and cubic terms in the hierarchical regression equation were significant, evidence that ecological transcendence has an S-curve relationship with ecological behavior which suggests deficiency, goading and lulling effects.FindingsThe author finds a significant cubic term indicative of a signoidal relationship between ecological transcendence and ecological behavior.Research limitations/implicationsImplications for theory and practice are discussed. Given the growing interest in environmental sustainability, this study provides initial evidence of the dynamics of ecological behavior.Practical implicationsThe study has implications for managing sustainability in organizations. Managers have empirical evidence of the dynamics which can serve as a basis for establishing mechanisms to goad growth and constraints to limit downturns.Originality/valueThe study is original in that it has not been published elsewhere except for presentation at a conference.