bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective, pilot evaluation of the performance of nanofractional radiofrequency for improvement of skin texture via skin resurfacing
Authors: Bohnert Krista , Dorizas Andrew , Sadick Neil 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe latest generation of radiofrequency, nanofractional radiofrequency, allows the heat energy to be delivered through the use of pins or needles as electrodes, facilitating increased efficacy and reduced pain, downtime, and side effects.ObjectiveThe objective of this prospective pilot clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of nanofractional radiofrequency in skin resurfacing.Methods and materialsSeventeen subjects were enrolled in the study, and each received three nanofractional radiofrequency (160‐pin tip) treatments in the facial area at 3‐week intervals. Follow‐up visits were scheduled at 1 and 2 months after the final treatment. Clinical photography, patient, and investigator assessments were conducted during the treatment visits and follow‐up.ResultsAll subjects completed the study. At the 1‐ and 2‐month follow‐up, there was a moderate to significant improvement (2.6 and 3.5, respectively,P = .01) according to the investigator global esthetic improvement scale rating. Most subjects reported that they were satisfied or very satisfied with the outcome and level of comfort.ConclusionNanofractional radiofrequency is a safe and effective strategy for improving texture, tone, and skin laxity with high patient satisfaction and tolerable safety profile.
Identification, classification and assessment of dyskinesia in children with cerebral palsy: A survey of clinicians
Authors: Stewart Kirsty , Tavender Emma , Rice James , Harvey Adrienne 
Published: November 2017

AimThe aims of this study were to investigate clinicians’ knowledge, and barriers they perceive exist, relating to the identification and measurement of dyskinesia (dystonia/choreoathetosis) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to explore educational needs regarding improving identification and assessment of dyskinesia.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional online survey of clinicians working with children with CP. Data analysis was descriptive, with qualitative analysis of unstructured questions.ResultsIn total, 163 completed surveys from Australian clinicians were analysed. Respondents were allied health (n = 140) followed by medical doctors (n = 18) working mainly in tertiary hospitals and not‐for‐profit organisations. Hypertonia subtypes and movement disorders seen in children with CP appear to be identified by clinicians, although limited knowledge about dyskinesia and access to training were reported as significant barriers to accurate identification. Despite knowledge of available measurement scales, only a small percentage were used clinically and reported to be only somewhat useful or not useful at all. Barriers identified for use of scales included limited training opportunities and knowledge of scales and lack of confidence in their use.ConclusionA lack of confidence in identifying and measuring movement disorders in children with CP was reported by Australian clinicians. It was identified that a greater understanding of dyskinetic CP and the tools available to identify and measure it would be valuable in clinical practice. The results of this survey will inform the development of a ‘Toolbox’ to help identify, classify and measure dyskinetic CP and its impact on activity and participation using the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.
Allergic gastroenteritis hospital admission time trends in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Mullins Raymond J , Turner Paul J , Barnes Elizabeth H , Campbell Dianne E 
Published: November 2017

AimRecent epidemiological studies indicate increases in hospital food allergy‐related anaphylaxis admission rates in Australian and New Zealand. The aim of the study was to examine whether non‐IgE‐mediated food allergy might have increased in parallel.MethodsWe analysed childhood hospital admissions rates by ICD 10 codes for allergic gastroenteritis (AG) and infective gastroenteritis in Australia and New Zealand between June 1998 and July 2014.ResultsIn Australia, most AG‐related admissions (73%) occurred in those aged <1 year and increased by 7.3%/year (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.5–9.3, P < 0.0001) from 6.8 to 26.5/105 population. Similar trends were observed for New Zealand; 81% of admissions occurred in those aged <1 year and increased by 9.4%/year (95% CI 5.5–9.3, P < 0.0001) from 7.2 to 30.7/105 population. By contrast there were no significant changes in AG‐related admission rates in the older patients and infective gastroenteritis admissions fell in both countries in those aged <1 year; Australia by 4.4%/year (95% CI 4.3–4.6, P < 0.0001) and in New Zealand by 5.8%/year (95% CI 5.4–6.2, P < 0.0001).ConclusionWe observed a fourfold increase in AG‐related admission rates in two countries with known high rates of IgE‐mediated food allergy/anaphylaxis. If confirmed by other studies, it will be of interest to determine if factors thought to contribute to the increase in IgE‐mediated food allergy might also play a role in non‐IgE‐mediated gastroenterological food allergy syndromes.
Children's perceptions of a ‘self‐explaining road’ intervention to improve neighbourhood safety
Authors: Ryan Rebekah , Hosking Jamie , Wilkinson‐Meyers Laura , Ameratunga Shanthi 
Published: November 2017

AimSafe neighbourhood environments can provide important spaces for child activity and well‐being. Self‐explaining roads (SERs), which reduce vehicle speeds by changing neighbourhood street design, are an intervention with known safety benefits. However, little is known about children's experiences of SERs.MethodsWe engaged schoolchildren in developing a project to articulate children's perspectives of SERs. Students actively researched the experiences of other children at their school, and then participated in a researcher‐led focus group.ResultsChildren emphasised safer spaces for play as an important benefit of SERs. As well as using new designated play spaces adjoining footpaths, children also felt the roadway became safer, and more fun for cycling. In contrast, children reported that parents held mainly negative views of SERs, considering them annoying and inconvenient.ConclusionFrom children's perspective, SERs can provide safe spaces for neighbourhood play, despite limited parental support. Potential benefits for children as well as established safety benefits should inform future implementation of SERs.
Changes and analysis of anti‐HBs titres after primary immunization in 1‐ to 16‐year‐old Chinese children: A hospital‐based study
Authors: Yue X. , Ge C. , Zhuge S. , He H. , Yang H. , Xu H. , Huang A. , Zhao Y. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryImmunization with the hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective measure to prevent Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the change in antibody levels induced by administration of the hepatitis B vaccine in children aged 1‐16 year old in a large sample sized investigation. HBV markers were determined in 93 326 1‐ to 16‐year‐old hospitalized children who completed primary immunization as infants from south‐west China, Chongqing. Analyses were performed on anti‐HBs titre changes with increasing age, and the revaccination effect was evaluated in children aged 7‐14. The percentage of protective antibody was between 45.29% and 63.33% in all age groups, but was higher in the 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year‐old groups (90.31%, 83.95% and 71.82%, respectively), and the rate of high‐responder was 5.03%‐10.56%, except in the 1‐year‐old group (23.33%). Additionally, 3.33%‐25.79% of subjects had not seroconverted. There was no significant difference in antibody levels between girls and boys (P > .05). The Geometric Mean Titers in children with confirmed revaccination history were significantly higher than those with unknown or no revaccination history (P < .0001). In conclusion, the overall rate of protective anti‐HBs was 67.10% with consecutive age groups from 1 to 16, it decreased from 90.31% to 45.29% for 1‐ to 8‐year‐old individuals, and interestingly, the rate increased from 45.46% to 63.33% for subjects aged 9‐15. Anti‐HBs titres were significantly improved after revaccination. Booster doses are recommended for those without seroconversion, especially children who live in school with other students or have family members with positive HBsAg.
Recent developments on intramedullary nailing: a biomechanical perspective
Authors: Rosa Natacha , Marta Miguel , Vaz Mário , Tavares S.M.O. , Simoes Ricardo , Magalhães Fernão D. , Marques Antonio Torres 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCombining contributions from engineering and medicine, we highlight the biomechanical turning points in the historical evolution of the intramedullary nailing stabilization technique and discuss the recent innovations concerning increase in bone–implant system stability. Following the earliest attempts, where stabilization of long bone fractures was purely based on intuition, intramedullary nailing evolved from allowing alignment and translational control through press‐fit fixation to current clinical widespread acceptance marked by the mechanical linkage between nail and bone with interlocking screws that allow alignment, translation, rotation, and length control. In an attempt to achieve an optimum interfragmentary mechanical environment, recent improvements considered the impact of different biomaterials on bone–implant stiffness. Another strategy considered the increase in the structural stability through the reduction of the number of movements between the different components that constitute the bone–implant system. Intramedullary nail improvements will most likely benefit from merging mechanics and fracture‐healing biology by combining surface engineering with sensor tools associated with the innovative progress in wireless technology and with bone‐healing biological active agents. Future research should aim at better understanding the ideal mechanobiological environment for each stage of fracture healing in order to allow for intramedullary nail design that satisfies such requirements.
(Auto‐)portrait de l'essayiste en esprit universel
Authors: Serpieters Tom , Martens David 
Published: November 2017

Bien connu en tant que poète de La Jeune Parque, Paul Valéry (1871–1945) est également un intellectuel de premier ordre, dont la réflexion se situe à la croisée des univers littéraire et scientifique. En tant qu'amateur éclairé des sciences, il a fréquemment écrit au sujet de la science, notamment dans le contexte de ses réflexions littéraires. Ainsi, cette interrogation conjointe de la littérature et de la science constitue un des axes de questionnement centraux de son recueil d'essais Variété (1924–1944). Si cette problématique très valéryenne a déjà fait l'objet d'un certain nombre d’études évaluant la science chez Valéry à la lumière de sa « pensée », le présent article vise à rendre compte de la logique qui sous‐tend les référents scientifiques dans les essais de Variété, en recourant à l'outillage de l'analyse du discours.
Unredemptive Recognition
Authors: Morrison Alastair 
Published: November 2017

This essay highlights a distinction within contemporary fiction, and uses it to argue for a parallel distinction within a trend of contemporary criticism. It begins by describing similarities between the so‐called “New Sincerity,” most famously associated with American writers such as Jonathan Safran Foer and Dave Eggers (though I suggest that it has resonances in Europe as well), and the various turns against “critique,” from scholars including Rita Felski, Sharon Marcus, and Stephen Best, among others. My discussion of the correspondence between these movements centers on the dynamic of recognition, the relationship to a depicted character or event that draws the reader into experiences of understanding and solidarity, and which also provides the basis for self‐reflection. An emphasis on recognition links the literary and critical movements; recognition is essential to what the New Sincerity asks of the reader, and the term has also become a central one for critics of critique, who seek to habilitate it as a subject of scholarly interest.Yet the critical movement has, or should have, a significantly different relationship with recognition than the New Sincerity does. In its most useful iteration, this essay argues, the turn against critique in Anglophone criticism looks (or will look, or should look) less like its cousin in the American novel than like some contemporary fiction from outside the United States – in this case, from Denmark. This essay offers readings of three short stories by Naja Marie Aidt, storiesthat share enough with the New Sincerity to make their departures from it especially salient. Rather than simplyendorsingrecognition – positioning recognitive empathy asdesirable– Aidt's stories offer more measured observations of how recognition works as an already present part of everyday social and political interaction. As well as showing some of the international diversity of recent fiction's interest in intimacy and immediate connection, this distinction may be crucial in establishing the turn against critique as an actionable mode of literary analysis.
Newspapers and public grants: A matter of quality
Authors: Battaggion Maria Rosa , Vaglio Alessandro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe present paper deals with the issue of newspaper subsidies in a framework of endogenous quality provision. We compare monopoly and duopoly cases in a vertically differentiated model. For monopolies we show that a per‐copy subsidy reduces quality. Conversely, in duopolies in the vertically differentiated model, we show that a state subsidy might increase the quality of the low‐quality newspaper and decrease the quality of the high‐quality newspaper.
Prospective evaluation of surgical management of sliding hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux in dogs
Authors: Mayhew Philipp D. , Marks Stanley L. , Pollard Rachel , Culp William T. N. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate response to surgical management of sliding hiatal hernia (SHH) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in dogs using standardized clinical scoring, videofluoroscopic swallow studies, and impedance planimetry.Study designProspective clinical trial.AnimalsA total of 17 client‐owned dogs.MethodsDogs were included if they had clinical signs and videofluoroscopic evidence of SHH and/or GER. Owners were asked to complete a standardized canine dysphagia assessment tool (CDAT) preoperatively and postoperatively. Conscious videofluoroscopic swallowing studies and impedance planimetry (IP) were used to evaluate esophageal function and lower esophageal sphincter location and geometry preoperatively and in a subsection of dogs postoperatively.ResultsPreoperatively, 13/17 dogs included in the study had a history of regurgitation, and 4/17 had radiographic evidence of aspiration pneumonia. Postprandial regurgitation improved in 8/10 dogs with preoperative regurgitation, and for which completed preoperative and postoperative CDAT questionnaires were available (P < .01). The hiatal hernia severity score improved postoperatively (P = .046) in dogs with preoperative and postoperative videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (n = 12). However, hernia frequency score (P = .2) and IP parameters did not differ significantly between time points.ConclusionClinical signs of SHH generally improved with surgery but did not consistently resolve. Videofluoroscopic studies provide evidence that GER and SHH can persist postoperatively in some patients. Based on IP findings, clinical improvement may be attributed to a mechanism independent of lower esophageal sphincter attenuation.
Early Epstein-Barr Virus Genomic Diversity and Convergence toward the B95.8 Genome in Primary Infection
Authors: Weiss Eric R. , Lamers Susanna L. , Henderson Jennifer L. , Melnikov Alexandre , Somasundaran Mohan , Garber Manuel , Selin Liisa , Nusbaum Chad , Luzuriaga Katherine 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Over 90% of the world's population is persistently infected with Epstein-Barr virus. While EBV does not cause disease in most individuals, it is the common cause of acute infectious mononucleosis (AIM) and has been associated with several cancers and autoimmune diseases, highlighting a need for a preventive vaccine. At present, very few primary, circulating EBV genomes have been sequenced directly from infected individuals. While low levels of diversity and low viral evolution rates have been predicted for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, recent studies have demonstrated appreciable diversity in common dsDNA pathogens (e.g., cytomegalovirus). Here, we report 40 full-length EBV genome sequences obtained from matched oral wash and B cell fractions from a cohort of 10 AIM patients. Both intra- and interpatient diversity were observed across the length of the entire viral genome. Diversity was most pronounced in viral genes required for establishing latent infection and persistence, with appreciable levels of diversity also detected in structural genes, including envelope glycoproteins. Interestingly, intrapatient diversity declined significantly over time (
P
< 0.01), and this was particularly evident on comparison of viral genomes sequenced from B cell fractions in early primary infection and convalescence (
P
< 0.001). B cell-associated viral genomes were observed to converge, becoming nearly identical to the B95.8 reference genome over time (Spearman rank-order correlation test;
r
= −0.5589,
P
= 0.0264). The reduction in diversity was most marked in the EBV latency genes. In summary, our data suggest independent convergence of diverse viral genome sequences toward a reference-like strain within a relatively short period following primary EBV infection.

IMPORTANCE
Identification of viral proteins with low variability and high immunogenicity is important for the development of a protective vaccine. Knowledge of genome diversity within circulating viral populations is a key step in this process, as is the expansion of intrahost genomic variation during infection. We report full-length EBV genomes sequenced from the blood and oral wash of 10 individuals early in primary infection and during convalescence. Our data demonstrate considerable diversity within the pool of circulating EBV strains, as well as within individual patients. Overall viral diversity decreased from early to persistent infection, particularly in latently infected B cells, which serve as the viral reservoir. Reduction in B cell-associated viral genome diversity coincided with a convergence toward a reference-like EBV genotype. Greater convergence positively correlated with time after infection, suggesting that the reference-like genome is the result of selection.
Characterization of Elements Regulating the Nuclear-to-Cytoplasmic Translocation of ICP0 in Late Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection
Authors: Samrat Subodh Kumar , Ha Binh L. , Zheng Yi , Gu Haidong 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is an immediate early protein containing a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. It targets several host factors for proteasomal degradation and subsequently activates viral expression. ICP0 has a nuclear localization sequence and functions in the nucleus early during infection. However, later in infection, ICP0 is found solely in the cytoplasm. The molecular mechanism and biological function of the ICP0 nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation are not well understood. In this study, we sought to characterize elements important for this translocation. We found that (i) in human embryonic lung fibroblast (HEL) cells, ICP0 C-terminal residues 741 to 775 were necessary but not sufficient for the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation; (ii) the loss of ICP0 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which led to defective viral replication in nonpermissive cells, also caused mutant ICP0 to be retained in the nucleus of HEL cells; (iii) in permissive U2OS cells, however, ICP0 lacking E3 ligase activity was translocated to the cytoplasm at a pace faster than that of wild-type ICP0, suggesting that nuclear retention of ICP0 occurs in an ICP0 E3 ligase-dependent manner; and (iv) the ICP0 C terminus and late viral proteins cooperate in order to overcome nuclear retention and stimulate ICP0 cytoplasmic translocation. Taken together, less ICP0 nuclear retention may contribute to the permissiveness of U2OS cells to HSV-1 in the absence of functional ICP0.

IMPORTANCE
A distinct characteristic for eukaryotes is the compartmentalization of cell metabolic pathways, which allows greater efficiency and specificity of cellular functions. ICP0 of HSV-1 is a multifunctional viral protein that travels through different compartments as infection progresses. Its main regulatory functions are carried out in the nucleus, but it is translocated to the cytoplasm late during HSV-1 infection. To understand the biological significance of cytoplasmic ICP0 in HSV-1 infection, we investigated the potential players involved in this nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation. We found that there is a nuclear retention force in an ICP0 E3 ubiquitin ligase-dependent manner. In addition, we identified the C terminus of ICP0 as a
cis
element cooperating with late viral proteins to overcome the nuclear retention and stimulate the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of ICP0.
Polyploidy and Mitotic Cell Death Are Two Distinct HIV-1 Vpr-Driven Outcomes in Renal Tubule Epithelial Cells
Authors: Payne Emily H. , Ramalingam Dhivya , Fox Donald T. , Klotman Mary E. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Prior studies have found that HIV, through the Vpr protein, promotes genome reduplication (polyploidy) in infection-surviving epithelial cells within renal tissue. However, the temporal progression and molecular regulation through which Vpr promotes polyploidy have remained unclear. Here we define a sequential progression to Vpr-mediated polyploidy in human renal tubule epithelial cells (RTECs). We found that as in many cell types, Vpr first initiates G
2
cell cycle arrest in RTECs. We then identified a previously unreported cascade of Vpr-dependent events that lead to renal cell survival and polyploidy. Specifically, we found that a fraction of G
2
-arrested RTECs reenter the cell cycle. Following this cell cycle reentry, two distinct outcomes occur. Cells that enter complete mitosis undergo mitotic cell death due to extra centrosomes and aberrant division. Conversely, cells that abort mitosis undergo endoreplication to become polyploid. We further show that multiple small-molecule inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family, including those that target ATR, ATM, and mTOR, indirectly prevent Vpr-mediated polyploidy by preventing G
2
arrest. In contrast, an inhibitor that targets DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) specifically blocks the Vpr-mediated transition from G
2
arrest to polyploidy. These findings outline a temporal, molecularly regulated path to polyploidy in HIV-positive renal cells.

IMPORTANCE
Current cure-focused efforts in HIV research aim to elucidate the mechanisms of long-term persistence of HIV in compartments. The kidney is recognized as one such compartment, since viral DNA and mRNA persist in the renal tissues of HIV-positive patients. Further, renal disease is a long-term comorbidity in the setting of HIV. Thus, understanding the regulation and impact of HIV infection on renal cell biology will provide important insights into this unique HIV compartment. Our work identifies mechanisms that distinguish between HIV-positive cell survival and death in a known HIV compartment, as well as pharmacological agents that alter these outcomes.