bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Oral Bioavailability of 8‐Prenylnaringenin from Hops (Humulus Lupulus L.) in Healthy Women and Men is Significantly Higher than that of its Positional Isomer 6‐Prenylnaringenin in a Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Calvo‐Castro Laura A. , Burkard Markus , Sus Nadine , Scheubeck Gabriel , Leischner Christian , Lauer Ulrich M. , Bosy‐Westphal Anja , Hund Verena , Busch Christian , Venturelli Sascha , Frank Jan 
Published: January 2018

ScopePrenylated chalcones and flavonoids from hop (Humulus lupulus L.), such as 6‐prenylnaringenin (6‐PN) and 8‐prenylnaringenin (8‐PN), are investigated for their health beneficial and anticancer activities. We, thus, compare the oral bioavailability and safety of 6‐PN and 8‐PN in healthy young women and men, and investigated their effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).Methods and resultsA double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial is conducted with 16 healthy volunteers (eight women, eight men) given a single oral dose of 500 mg 6‐PN, 8‐PN, or placebo in random order. Maximum total concentrations of 6‐PN and 8‐PN in plasma (Cmax; 543 and 2834 nmol L–1) and their respective area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC; 3635 and 15801 nmol L–1 × h) are significantly (5.2‐ and 4.3‐fold) higher for 8‐PN than for 6‐PN (p ˂ 0.05). PBMC for ex vivo experiments are isolated from blood sampled before and 6 h after intake of 6‐PN, 8‐PN, or placebo. Despite the single‐treatment regime and low blood concentrations, both 6‐PN and 8‐PN increase the survival of PBMC relative to control.Conclusion8‐PN is significantly more bioavailable in healthy humans than its isomer 6‐PN. Interestingly, 6‐PN, despite being less bioavailable, is similarly effective as 8‐PN in enhancing PBMC viability.
A comparison of prostate tumor targeting strategies using magnetic resonance imaging‐targeted, transrectal ultrasound‐guided fusion biopsy
Authors: Martin Peter R. , Cool Derek W. , Fenster Aaron , Ward Aaron D. 
Published: January 2018

PurposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐targeted, three‐dimensional (3D) transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)‐guided prostate biopsy aims to reduce the 21–47% false‐negative rate of clinical two‐dimensional (2D) TRUS‐guided systematic biopsy, but continues to yield false‐negative results. This may be improved via needle target optimization, accounting for guidance system errors and image registration errors. As an initial step toward the goal of optimized prostate biopsy targeting, we investigated how needle delivery error impacts tumor sampling probability for two targeting strategies.MethodsWe obtained MRI and 3D TRUS images from 49 patients. A radiologist and radiology resident assessed these MR images and contoured 81 suspicious regions, yielding tumor surfaces that were registered to 3D TRUS. The biopsy system's root‐mean‐squared needle delivery error (RMSE) and systematic error were modeled using an isotropic 3D Gaussian distribution. We investigated two different prostate tumor‐targeting strategies using (a) the tumor's centroid and (b) a ring in the lateral–elevational plane. For each simulation, targets were spaced at equal arc lengths on a ring with radius equal to the systematic error magnitude. A total of 1000 biopsy simulations were conducted for each tumor, with RMSE and systematic error magnitudes ranging from 1 to 6 mm. The difference in median tumor sampling probability and probability of obtaining a 50% core involvement was determined for ring vs centroid targeting.ResultsOur simulation results indicate that ring targeting outperformed centroid targeting in situations where systematic error exceeds RMSE. In these instances, we observed statistically significant differences showing 1–32% improvement in sampling probability due to ring targeting. Likewise, we observed statistically significant differences showing 1–39% improvement in 50% core involvement probability due to ring targeting.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the optimal targeting scheme for prostate biopsy depends on the relative levels of systematic and random errors in the system. Where systematic error dominates, a ring‐targeting scheme may yield improved probability of tumor sampling. The findings presented in this paper may be used to aid in target selection strategies for clinicians performing targeted prostate biopsies on any MRI targeted, 3D TRUS‐guided biopsy system and could support earlier diagnosis of prostate cancer while it remains localized to the gland and curable.
Effect of Dietary Energy to Protein Ratio on Growth, Biological Indices, Proximate Composition, and Amino Acid Profiles in the Muscle of Varicorhinus macrolepis
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Wang Shuiping , Wang Wenxiu , Wang Huihong , Xiang Xiao , Zhou Xinghua 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A 150-d feeding experiment was conducted to assess the effect of the dietary energy to protein ratio (E/P ratio) on growth, biological indices, proximate composition, and amino acid profiles in the muscle of Varicorhinus macrolepis. Six experimental diets were formulated with different E/P ratios (30.51, 33.90, 37.82, 42.34, 47.70, and 54.09 kJ/g). In the experiment, 360 fish with a mean weight of 8.75 g (SD, 0.59) were randomly divided into six groups (three replicates per group, 20 fish per replicate) and fed three times daily with the experimental diet. Results showed that when the dietary E/P ratio was 37.82 kJ/g, Varicorhinus macrolepis tended to gain the highest specific growth rate. With a change in the increment of dietary E/P ratio, the condition factor, intestosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and viscerosomatic index all changed in the quadric polynomial regression model. Muscle crude lipid content showed a tendency of leveling-off first and then increased with increasing dietary E/P ratio. Varicorhinus macrolepis gained the highest concentration of total amino acids and essential amino acids when the dietary E/P ratio was 37.82 kJ/g. Except for methionine + cysteine, phenylalanine + tyrosine, and the amino acid score of lysine, the amino acid scores and chemical scores of the other essential amino acids were highest when the dietary E/P ratio was 37.82 kJ/g. These results suggest that Varicorhinus macrolepis obtained optimal growth and muscle amino acid composition when the dietary E/P ratio was 37.82 kJ/g.
Muscle Fiber Differentiation and Growth Patterns During Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy in the Ricefield Eel Regulated by Myogenic Regulatory Factors
Authors: Chu Wuying , Chen Dunxue , Li Yulong , Wu Ping , Zhang Jianshe , Liu Li 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Muscle growth is mainly achieved by two processes, hyperplasia (fiber number increase) and hypertrophy (fiber size increase), and is regulated by the myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) family. The muscle fiber composition and expressional patterns of the four MRFs (Myf5, MRF4, MyoD, and myogenin [MyoG]) were characterized in the white muscle of Ricefield Eels Monopterus albus ranging from 5 to 180 g. Results showed that the mean muscle fiber diameters gradually increased as body mass increased from 5 to 114 g. The small muscle fibers (diameter &lt; 20 μm) were found in the highest ratio in 5–45-g eels; most of the fibers ranged from 20 to 60 μm for 64–104-g fish; and muscle mainly consisted of fibers over 60 μm in 114–180-g fish. The expression of Myf5 and MyoD increased continuously at the stages mainly consisting of the small and medium muscle fibers. Expression of MRF4 and MyoG was low at the stages with high ratios of small muscle fibers, but their expression levels increased at the stages with high ratios of medium muscle fibers. The expression levels of the four MRFs exhibited a regulatory effect on the process of muscle hyperplasia or hypertrophy. The data indicated that hyperplasia was the major event at the earlier stages of the Ricefield Eel, whereas hypertrophy occurred at later developmental stages. The results of our study provide valuable knowledge regarding muscle development in Ricefield Eels.
The efficacy of botulinum toxin A and sacral neuromodulation in the management of interstitial cystitis (IC)/bladder pain syndrome (BPS), what do we know? ICI‐RS 2017 think thank, Bristol
Authors: Rahnama'i Mohammad S. , Marcelissen Tom , Apostolidis Apostolos , Veit‐Rubin Nikolaus , Schurch Brigitte , Cardozo Linda , Dmochowski Roger 
Published: January 2018

AimsThis manuscript aims to address the evidence availale in the literature on the efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A (BoNT‐A) and sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in patients suffering from Interstitial Cystitis (IC)/BPS and propose further research to identify mechanisms of action and establish the clinical efficacy of either therapy.MethodsAt the International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society (ICI‐RS) in 2017, a panel of Functional Urologists and Urogynaecologists participated in a Think Tank (TT) discussing the management of IC/BPS by BoNT‐A and SNM, using available data from both PubMed and Medicine literature searches.ResultsThe role of BoNT‐A and SNM in the treatment of IC/BPS are discussed and mechanisms of actions are proposed. Despite the available randomized trial data on the effect of intravesical BoNT‐A treatment on symptoms of IC/BPS, a consistent conclusion of a positive effect cannot be drawn at the moment, as the published studies are small and heterogeneous in design. There is substantive evidence for the positive effects of SNM on symptoms of IC/BPS patients however, during patient selection, it is important to distinguish the degree and the location of pain in order to tailor the best therapy to the right patients.ConclusionsBoth intravesical BoNT‐A treatment and SNM have been shown to have positive effects in patients with IC/BPS. However, firm conclusions cannot yet be drawn. Patient‐reported outcomes and quality of life should be assessed in addition to urinary and pain symptoms. Since current treatments mainly focus on symptomatic relief, future research should also focus on clarifying the pathogenic mechanisms involved in IC/BPS.
A variational method to avoid locking—independent of the discretization scheme
Authors: Bieber Simon , Oesterle Bastian , Ramm Ekkehard , Bischoff Manfred 
Published: January 2018

SummaryWe present a variational method for problems in solid and structural mechanics that is designed to be intrinsically free from locking when using equal‐order interpolation for all involved fields. The specific feature of the formulation is that it avoids all geometrical locking effects (as opposed to material locking effects, for instance Poisson locking) for any type of structural or solid model, independent of the underlying discretization scheme. The possibility of employing equal‐order interpolation for all involved fields circumvents the task of finding particular function spaces to remove locking and avoid artificial stress oscillations. This is particularly attractive, for instance, for isogeometric analysis using unstructured meshes or T‐splines. Comprehensive numerical tests underline the promising behavior of the proposed method for geometrically linear and nonlinear problems in terms of displacements and stress resultants using standard finite elements, isogeometric finite elements, and a meshless method.
Effect of Lorcaserin Alone and in Combination with Phentermine on Food Cravings After 12‐Week Treatment: A Randomized Substudy
Authors: Rebello Candida J. , Nikonova Elena V. , Zhou Sharon , Aronne Louis J. , Fujioka Ken , Garvey W. Timothy , Smith Steven R. , Coulter Ann A. , Greenway Frank L. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effect of lorcaserin 10 mg twice daily (LOR BID), or with phentermine 15 mg once daily (LOR BID + PHEN QD) and 15 mg twice daily (LOR BID + PHEN BID), in conjunction with energy restriction on food cravings.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty‐five patients without diabetes but with obesity or overweight and ≥ 1 comorbidity received LOR BID, LOR BID + PHEN QD, or LOR BID + PHEN BID for 12 weeks in a randomized double‐blind study. The Food Craving Inventory (FCI) and the Control of Eating Questionnaire (COEQ) were administered over 12 weeks.ResultsThe FCI total score and the subscale scores reduced from baseline in all groups. The least squares means (95% confidence intervals) for the total scores were −0.65 (−0.75 to −0.55), −0.75 (−0.84 to −0.65), and −0.84 (−0.95 to −0.74) in the LOR BID, LOR BID + PHEN QD, and LOR BID + PHEN BID groups, respectively. Cravings assessed by COEQ reduced from baseline in all groups. In general, the combination treatments were more effective than lorcaserin alone. At week 12, except for fruit juice and dairy products, general and specific cravings reduced in LOR BID + PHEN BID compared with LOR BID (P < 0.05).ConclusionsLorcaserin in combination with phentermine improves control of food cravings during short‐term energy restriction.
KT‐pseudoinvex multidimensional control problem
Authors: Treanţă Savin , Arana‐Jiménez Manuel 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we define a Kuhn‐Tucker (KT)–pseudoinvex multidimensional control problem. More exactly, we introduce a new condition on the functions, which are involved in a multidimensional control problem, and we prove that a KT‐pseudoinvex multidimensional control problem is characterized such that a KT point is an optimal solution. Thus, we generalize optimality results in known mathematical programming problems. These theoretical results are illustrated with an application.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐4 Inhibitors and Heart Failure Exacerbation in the Veteran Population: An Observational Study
Authors: Cobretti Michael R. , Bowman Benjamin , Grabarczyk Ted , Potter Emily 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesThe dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4 inhibitors) are effective modulators of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In 2013 the Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 53 (SAVOR‐TIMI 53) clinical trial found an increased risk of heart failure exacerbation, as a secondary outcome, among patients treated with saxagliptin. This study examines the safety of DPP‐4 inhibitors as a class in T2DM in relation to risk of heart failure exacerbations.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of two groups of patients using data from the national Department of Veteran's Affairs (VA) Health Care System: patients initially prescribed DPP‐4 inhibitors with or without second‐generation sulfonylureas and/or metformin (exposed group) compared with patients initially prescribed only second‐generation sulfonylureas and/or metformin (unexposed group) between August 1, 2013, and August 30, 2016. The primary aim of this study was to determine the difference in 1‐year heart failure exacerbation rate in patients with T2DM between the exposed and unexposed groups. Data were analyzed using the χ2 Student t test and Kaplan‐Meier analysis. Significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsThe study evaluated 672,265 patients: 33,614 patients in the exposed group and 638,651 patients in the unexposed group. Overall, 130 (0.38%) heart failure exacerbations were documented in the exposed group, and 2222 (0.34%) heart failure exacerbations were documented in the unexposed group; the difference in exacerbation rate was nonsignificant between groups (p=0.24). In a subgroup analysis of patients with a baseline diagnosis of heart failure, the difference in rate of heart failure exacerbations remained nonsignificant (p=0.334).ConclusionsPatients in the veteran population with T2DM treated with DPP‐4 inhibitors did not demonstrate a significant increase in risk for heart failure exacerbation, regardless of whether a patient had been previously diagnosed with heart failure. This finding potentially supports safe usage of DPP‐4 inhibitors in this patient population regardless of heart failure diagnosis.
Reaction‐induced phase separation in hexamethylene diisocyanate‐based poly(propylene oxide)/poly(ethylene oxide) bi‐soft segment oligomers
Authors: Wenning Christian , Schmidt Annette M , Leimenstoll Marc C 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOligomeric bi‐soft segment isocyanate‐terminated polyurethanes (ITPUs) are semi‐finished materials crucial for the synthesis of various PU products like foams, thermoplastic parts, dispersions or elastomers. Incompatibilities and thus phase separation phenomena play an essential role in tailoring the properties of the final products. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of these phenomena is mandatory in order to design products with properties meeting the requirements of a given application. In this study the reaction‐induced phase separation during the formation of ITPUs by application of two partially miscible soft segments is presented. The physicochemical basics of this process as well as the extent of the resulting phase separation are discussed on the basis of the initial phase diagram of the reactants. Reaction monitoring by NCO content titration and UV–visible spectroscopy reveals a dependency between the onset of phase separation and conversion. It is found that an increase of the initial content of hexamethylene diisocyanate delays the onset of phase separation. Differential scanning calorimetry reveals further that the phase separation is a direct consequence of the incompatibility of the soft segments. Overall, the findings support the hypothesis that the mechanism and the extent of phase separation are closely related to the ternary phase diagram of the reactants. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Mechanical and thermal properties of modified red mud‐reinforced phenolic foams
Authors: Liu Jianguo , Li Xiaohui , Zhou Chunhua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA new type of composite based on phenolic foams reinforced with red mud microparticles was prepared using a thermal foaming method. Red mud was ground into ultrafine particles with grain diameters ranging from 1 to 1.5 μm. Silane coupling agent γ‐ureidopropyltriethoxysilane was used to modify the red mud microparticles to improve particle dispersion and adhesion between the particles and the phenolic matrix. The effects of the modified red mud microparticles on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite were investigated at weight ratios ranging from 0 to 21%. The phenolic foams incorporating 15 wt% of the filler exhibited the best integrated performance. In comparison with native phenolic foams, tensile strength and impact strength were increased by 81.8 and 82.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of modified red mud microparticles to the phenolic foam significantly decreased its thermal conductivity while increasing its limiting oxygen index. A morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy indicated that incorporation of the modified red mud microparticles into the foam produced relatively small and uniformly sized cells within the material, which indicated that the observed improvements in mechanical and thermal properties were primarily due to the chemical adhesion between the particles and the matrix and good dispersion of particles in the matrix. The reinforced foams described in this study can be used in a variety of applications in the field of heat insulation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Decision‐making in a bisexual line and a thelytokousWolbachia‐infected line ofTrichogramma dendrolimiMatsumura (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) regarding behavior toward their hosts
Authors: Liu Quan‐quan , Zhang Tong‐shu , Li Chun‐xue , Gu Jun‐wen , Hou Jie‐bin , Dong Hui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of thelytokousWolbachia‐infectedTrichogramma(parasitic wasps) has long been considered as a way to enhance the efficacy of biocontrol. However,Wolbachiacan affect the host physiology. We compared decision‐making between bisexual and thelytokousWolbachia‐infected lines ofTrichogramma dendrolimiMatsumura regarding behavior toward fresh and old eggs ofCorcyra cephalonicaat 25 ± 1 °C and 70 ± 5% relative humidity.RESULTSThe behavioral patterns and sequences of the two lines were basically the same. The durations of various behavioral patterns and values of fitness indicators of the bisexual line on fresh eggs were generally significantly shorter and better, respectively, than on old eggs, whereas the thelytokous line behaved similarly toward the two types of eggs, and differences in most fitness indicators between fresh and old eggs were not significant. On fresh eggs, the durations of various behaviors in the bisexual line were generally significantly shorter than in the thelytokous line and the fitness indicators were generally significantly better.CONCLUSIONWolbachiaaffected the fitness ofT. dendroliminegatively. The potential of the thelytokous line as a biocontrol agent would not be as good as that of the bisexual line when decision‐making only is considered. Therefore, further evaluations need to be carried out before the thelytokous line can be used in practical biocontrol. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Attribute control charts for monitoring the covariance matrix of bivariate processes
Authors: Machado M.A.G. , Ho L.L. , Costa A.F.B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this article, we consider the use of 3 attribute charts—thenpxy, thenpwand the Max D charts—to control the covariance matrix of bivariate processes. In comparison with the generalized variance |S| chart, the 3 attribute charts signal faster, with smaller samples, all kind of disturbances, except when the 2 variables are highly correlated. To compete with the VMAX chart, the Max D chart needs larger samples, but no more than twice bigger. An example illustrates the monitoring of the covariance matrix using the Max D andnpw.
A risk index for ordinal variables and its statistical properties: A priority of intervention indicator in quality control framework
Authors: Facchinetti Silvia , Osmetti Silvia Angela 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMeasuring risk when data are available only on an ordinal scale is not an easy task. The most common approach of risk modeling is a quantitative approach. In this paper, we propose theCriticality Index: a risk index suitable for studies where data are collected on ordinal scales, defined on the relative frequencies of the considered ordinal variables. Exact and asymptotic distributions of the index estimator are derived, and its statistical properties are studied. Moreover, the confidence intervals using the asymptotic normality are defined. The proposed index may be used as an initial view of the level of risk, for comparisons among environments, to indicate how risk changes over time, and to identify interventions in control systems. An application in quality control framework to data on severity, detection, and the occurrence of product defects of a multinational manufacturer is also presented.