bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Path loss predicting and optimization using Whale Optimization Algorithm and Sine Cosine Optimization Algorithm
Authors: LOMBARKIA Assia , DJOUANE Lotfi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In mobile communication, accurate path loss prediction is an essential feature of network planning and optimization. However, each type of path loss propagation model is designed to predict path loss in a specific environment, which may be inaccurate in another environment. In this research different propagation models Hata Model, Cost-231 Model and Ericson Model have been analyzed and compared based on the measured data. Experimental measurements of path loss for the GMS and 3G frequency band are made in urban, suburban, and rural areas of Aintouta, Chaabat and Rasslma from Batna city. Measured data are compared with those obtained by three prediction models, for models fitting to the measured path loss and for a deviation error estimation was used the root mean square error (RMSE). The Whale Optimization Algorithm and sine cosine optimization algorithm is used to tune the models parameters.
Sustainable food waste management strategies in restaurants: A transition to a Circular economy
Authors: Munir Komal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Although research on food waste (FW) issue has increased since the launch of United Nation’s (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12.3 advocating for FW reduction and food loss (FL) by 2030, specifically in the retail and consumption. There is still a significant practice and implementation gap that help to reduce and manage FW in restaurants. This research seeks to understand the attitudes and behaviours of restaurant managers and staff towards FW reduction and food waste management (FWM) strategies in restaurants of Melbourne, Australia, which no previous research has attempted. For this purpose, the mixed-methods approach employed for data collection and the System-practice framework (combination of Social Practice Theory and the System Model of foodservices) has been applied during the analysis process. Therefore, this research acknowledges the call for social practice scholars to understand beyond changing behaviours.
Effect of Impurity Concentration Gradient on the Collection of Charge Carriers in the p-n Junction based Solar Cells
Authors: Gasparyan Ferdinand , Gasparian Vladimir 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

An effective method for increasing the mean free path of light charge carriers in p-n junction solar cells is discussed. It is shown that by regulating the doping process of the light-absorbing emitter part of the solar cell and creating non-uniform distribution of the doping impurity in it, it is possible to increase the diffusion length of minority charge carriers. As a result, recombination losses decreases, the number of minority charge carriers passing through the p-n junction increases, the collection of photogenerated carriers increases, and consequently energy conversion efficiency increases. It is also shown that the stronger and greater the curvature of the impurity distribution in the illuminated p-emitter of a p-n solar cell, the greater the change in the diffusion coefficient. Estimates show that with a difference of four orders of magnitude in the concentration of doping acceptors (from 10 18 to 10 14 cm-3) in the emitter, the diffusion constant of minority carriers increases almost 3.1 times.
Contribution of leukocyte telomere length to major cardiovascular diseases onset: phenotypic and genetic insights from a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis
Authors: Pauklin Siim , Qiao Jun , Wang Qian , Zhao Yuhui , Chang Min-Jing , Cai Liuyang , Liu Feng , Yao Kaixin , Zheng Leilei , Tan Ning , He Pengcheng , Jegga Anil , Jiang Lei , Yang Yining , Feng Yuliang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Telomere shortening, a marker of cellular aging and genomic instability, has been epidemiologically linked to an increased risk of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, shared genetic determinants involved in these associations remain unclear. We composed an atlas of the shared genetic associations between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and six major CVDs by investigating shared genetic elements, encompassing SNPs, genes, biological pathways, and protein targets with pleiotropic implications. Extensive genetic overlaps beyond genetic correlations were observed, but no causal relationships were established. We identified 248 independent pleiotropic genomic risk loci, implicating 50 unique genes in two or more trait pairs, especially the SH2B3 gene, which was further validated by a proteome-wide Mendelian Randomization study. Functional analysis demonstrated a link to both DNA biosynthetic processes and telomere maintenance mechanisms. These findings suggest a genetic link between LTL and CVDs, highlighting a shared genetic basis crucial for developing future interventions and therapeutic targets.
Fatty acids promote uncoupled respiration via the ATP/ADP carrier in white adipocytes
Authors: Reilly Shannon , Aksu Ayla , Zerbel Zane , Dhillon Preetveer , Kelemen Yosip , Gbayisomore Oluwafemi , Chen Serena , Ahmadian Maryam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Adipocytes store energy as triglycerides, while mobilizing energy when needed via lipolysis. Triglyceride lipolysis releases fatty acids and glycerol into the circulation to fuel other tissues. However, a significant fraction of fatty acids released by lipolysis are retained within the white adipose tissue and handled by adipocytes. While some of these retained fatty acids are re-esterified in white adipocytes1-6, the a substantial amount undergo oxidative metabolism via a pathway regulated by the nongenomic effects of STAT37-10. Here we report that fatty acids promote uncoupled oxidative metabolism in white adipocytes via the ATP/ADP carrier, contributing to thermogenesis and cold tolerance in obese thermoneutral-adapted mice, independent of brown adipose tissue and muscle activity. Our results suggest that uncoupled respiration in white adipocytes significantly contributes to whole-body energy expenditure and could be a promising target for obesity treatment.
Viral activity in lake analogs of anoxic early Earth oceans
Authors: Varona Natascha S. , Wallace Bailey A. , Bosco-Santos Alice , Mullinax Julianna , Stiffler Alexandra K. , O’Beirne Molly D. , Werne Josef P. , III William P. Gilhooly , Silveira Cynthia B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Meromictic lakes, with their stratified water columns, are modern analogs for ancient euxinic (anoxic and sulfidic) oceans, where anaerobic sulfur-oxidizing purple and green sulfur bacteria (PSB and GSB) dominated as primary producers. Recent studies suggest a potential role of viruses in the metabolisms and biosignatures of these bacteria, but conclusive evidence of viral replication and activity in such lakes is still lacking.
Results
Here, we investigate viral activity in the upper mixed layer (mixolimnion), the microbial plate, and the anoxic bottom (monimolimnion) of three meromictic lake water columns: Poison Lake and Lime Blue (WA, USA), and Mahoney Lake (BC, CA). Geochemical profiles of two lakes, Mahoney and Poison, which are heavily dominated by PSB, show a sharp chemocline, whereas Lime Blue displays a less steep chemical gradient and hosts a mixture of PSB and GSB. Viral gene transcription and epifluorescence microscopy counts revealed depth-dependent patterns in viral activity. The two strongly stratified, PSB-dominated lakes, showed a significant decrease in the virus-to-microbe ratio (VMR) in their microbial plates, suggesting reduced viral particle production via lysis. Metatranscriptome data corroborated this trend by showing lower levels of viral gene expression in these microbial plates, and relatively high expression of photosynthesis-related viral genes. Conversely, the third lake, which harbors a mix of PSB and GSB, exhibited low density, high VMR, and high viral transcriptional activity. Viral transcription levels significantly correlated with microscopy VMR in the microbial plates and bottom layers, but this relationship was absent in low-density, oxic surface samples.
Conclusions
Here, two independent lines of evidence, abundances and gene expression, show reduced viral lytic production in microbial plates dominated by PSB in stratified lakes. This suggests that viral lysis may contribute less to bacterial community structuring in these high-density microbial plates. Rather, other viral-mediated mechanisms, such as the expression of auxiliary metabolic genes, may represent a more significant viral influence on bacterial physiology and geochemistry. These patterns in virus-bacteria interactions may be consequential for the interpretations of biosignatures left by these bacterial groups in the geologic record.
Anaemia and Caesarean Section in Caucasian race: Assessment of risk factors and management strategies
Authors: khakpour Yaser 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Anaemia among pregnant women is a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries, due to its adverse effects on both maternal and fetal health. This study addresses the gap in research regarding anaemia in pregnant women in northern Iran, specifically among those undergoing elective caesarean sections. The objective is to assess the prevalence of anaemia in this population.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 719 pregnant women who were candidates for elective caesarean sections from September 2020 to March 2023. Data were collected from medical records, including haemoglobin levels, history of anaemia, previous pregnancy experiences, and demographic information. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20, with quantitative variables reported as means and standard deviations and qualitative variables presented as frequencies and percentages. The Chi-square test was employed to compare anaemia prevalence across different demographic groups, with a significance level set at p value < 0.05.
Results: Among the 719 participants, key demographic findings revealed that most had primary education (26.8%), while only 12.4% held university degrees. A majority (59.8%) resided in urban areas, with the largest age group being 31-36 years (30.5%). Most women (75.2%) reported no history of miscarriage, and 98.2% experienced no bleeding during pregnancy. The primary indication for caesarean section was a previous caesarean delivery (69.4%), with other reasons including fetal heart rate abnormalities, meconium presence, and various medical conditions. Notably, 57.7% of women reported no underlying health conditions; however, 9.2% had gestational diabetes, while others had blood disorders, neurological issues, or gastrointestinal problems.
Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia among patients undergoing elective caesarean sections was found to be 10.85%. Anaemia was more prevalent in women aged 25-30 years, those with low educational attainment, urban residents, and mothers with a previous pregnancy history. The only underlying condition significantly associated with a higher prevalence of anaemia was diabetes or impaired blood sugar levels. Furthermore, a considerable proportion of patients reported irregular consumption or non-consumption of iron supplements and prescribed medications during pregnancy, highlighting the need for improved maternal care education programs. The most common indication for caesarean delivery was a history of previous caesarean sections.
Railway transition zones: energy evaluation of a novel transition structure for critical loading conditions
Authors: Jain Avni , Metrikine Andrei V. , Steenbergen Michael , Dalen Karel N. van 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Railway transition zones (RTZs) are subjected to amplified degradation leading to high maintenance costs and reduced availability of tracks for operation. Over the years, several mitigation measures have been investigated to deal with the amplified degradation of these zones. However, to ensure the robustness of a design solution, it must be evaluated for critical conditions arising due to certain loading and track conditions. In this paper, the critical load conditions arising due to different velocities (sub-critical, critical and super-critical), the direction of the moving load, the combination of inertial effects and track imperfections (non-straight rail and hanging sleepers) and passage of multiple axles (using a comprehensive vehicle model) are investigated for an embankment-bridge transition. The results are then compared against the recently proposed design of a transition structure called SHIELD (Safe Hull Inspired Energy Limiting Design) to evaluate its performance under these critical conditions using various vehicle models and finite element models of the RTZs. It was found that the novel design of the transition structure effectively mitigates dynamic amplifications and results in smooth strain energy distribution across subcritical, critical, and super-critical velocity regimes in both directions of movement implying that the expected operation-induced degradation will be as uniform as possible in longitudinal direction. Furthermore, even though this transition structure is designed to deal with initial track conditions (perfectly straight track), its superior performance is not confined to tracks in perfect condition; it also efficiently addresses adverse effects from track imperfections such as hanging sleepers and non-straight rail. In the end, this work demonstrates the robustness of the design solution for all the critical conditions under study.
PrEP Knowledge and Willingness Among Cisgender Black Women for Biomedical HIV Prevention: Assessing Substance Use and Sexual History Factors
Authors: Haynes Alexis Sims , Markham Christine , Schick Vanessa , Suchting Robert , Hill Mandy J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Cisgender Black women in the U.S. have an elevated risk of HIV acquisition, although their adoption of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is low. Studies indicate that increased PrEP knowledge consistently increases the willingness to take PrEP; however, studies on cis Black women are limited. This study aimed to investigate the impact of alcohol and substance use and sexual history on the association between PrEP knowledge and willingness among cis Black women reporting substance use in two emergency departments (EDs). We conducted a secondary analysis of data from 40 HIV-negative cis Black women aged 18–55 years. Using the Anderson Behavioral Model, the variables included predisposing factors (sociodemographic data, PrEP knowledge), enabling factors (income and employment), and disabling factors (alcohol/substance use, condomless sex), with PrEP willingness. Moderation models were used to examine the potential effects of the disabling factors on PrEP knowledge and willingness. The majority (95%) of the participants were PrEP knowledgeable and 52% expressed PrEP willingness. Unemployed participants showed significantly higher willingness to use PrEP and, in multivariate models, were 13.6 times more likely to be PrEP-willing. No significant association was found between PrEP knowledge, frequency of alcohol problems, substance use problems, or condomless sex in the past 30 days. A history of recent alcohol problems, substance use, and condomless sex did not significantly moderate the relationship between PrEP knowledge and willingness among cis Black women. However, employment status was a significant predictor of PrEP willingness and may be important in PrEP uptake decisions. These findings may inform future PrEP interventions and contribute to our understanding of PrEP willingness in HIV-vulnerable populations.
On perturbation around closed exclusion processes
Authors: Watanabe Masataka 
Published: September 2024

We derive the formula for the stationary states of particle-number conserving exclusion processes infinitesimally perturbed by inhomogeneous adsorption and desorption. The formula not only proves but also generalises the conjecture proposed in [Phys. Rev. E 97, 032135] to account for inhomogeneous adsorption and desorption. As an application of the formula, we draw part of the phase diagrams of the open asymmetric simple exclusion process with and without Langmuir kinetics, correctly reproducing known results.
Probing the complexities of optimal flow in open channels: experimental and numerical validation with diversion flow
Authors: Alfatlawi Thair Jabbar Mizhir , Hussein Ameer Hashim 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

This study aims to establish the optimal diversion angle for bifurcating channels to minimize separation zone size in the intake channel while maximizing discharge in the bifurcating channel through experimental and numerical investigations. The study successfully accomplished its goals by employing the Flow-3D 11.0.4 software. The software was utilized to examine the flow diversion into bifurcating channels with various diversion angles, including 900°, 750°, 600°, 450°, 300°, 250°, 200° and 150°. The experimental investigation has confirmed the theoretical predictions regarding the expected flow characteristics. The conclusive findings demonstrated that the diverted flow is most effectively impacted by a diversion angle of 25°. The study provided findings for various discharges flowing (12.3 and 17 L/s); a total of 95 runs were performed, and investigations revealed that the branching discharge depends on several interconnected parameters. It rises with an increase in the depth ratio. In subcritical flow, the main channel always has a lower water depth than the branch channel. The flowing diversion to the branch channel causes a reduction in water depth downstream of the main channel. The study found that the optimal angle for branching was 25°.
PhiX-174 phage concentration in rainwater by skimmed-milk flocculation
Authors: Garcia Lucas Ariel Totaro , de Oliveira Milina , Fava Natália de Melo Nasser , Freitas Bárbara Luíza Souza , da Cunha Maria Júlia Rodrigues , Snelling William John , Dooley James Stephen Gerard , Ternan Nigel George , Sabogal-Paz Lyda Patricia 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Rainwater, as a sustainable source of drinking water, is becoming increasingly important worldwide. Appropriate microbiological techniques are needed to ensure the acceptability of rainwater for potable uses. Bacteriophage has been widely used as a viral indicator in water studies, and its concentration is an important step when sampling several litres of water. Skimmed-milk flocculation (SMF) is a simple method for viral recovery, and its efficiency has already been assessed for some viruses. However, there are only a few records on bacteriophage recovery using SMF, and none with PhiX-174 coliphage, an important surrogate for human enteroviruses. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the SMF technique on the concentration of PhiX-174 coliphage in rainwater. 3 L of rainwater samples were artificially spiked with PhiX-174 and were concentrated to 10 mL volumes by SMF. The phage enumeration on the concentrated samples were evaluated by a standard double layer plaque assay. From the 6 samples tested, the average recovery was 22.8 ± 15.2%, ranging from 10.8 to 52.8%. This is the first time that SMF is applied for PhiX-174 coliphage recovery, and in rainwater. Therefore, SMF is a cost-effective method that can effectively be used to recover bacteriophage PhiX-174 in water samples.
Exploring the Potential of Terpenoids as a Possible Treatment for Cancer: Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Singh Arshdeep , Debnath Rabin , Sharma Anjali , Saini Aniket , Seni Kushal , Chawla Viney , Chawla Pooja A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Cancer stands as a significant global health challenge due to its mortality rates
and the complexities involved in its treatment. Addressing issues, such as metastasis, recurrence,
chemoresistance, and treatment-related toxicity, remains pivotal in cancer therapy
advancement. Therefore, exploration of novel therapeutic agents has emerged as a priority.
As the risk of cancer continues to rise, effective measures must be taken to combat
it. One promising approach is to explore natural remedies, such as terpenoids, which have
demonstrated anticancer activity. Utilizing terpenoids could aid in the development of potent
compounds to fight cancer. By studying the structural makeup of various terpenoid
derivatives from previous research, we can identify which structural groups are essential
for their anticancer activity. This understanding of the structure-activity relationship is
crucial for developing new, effective anticancer agents based on terpenoids. Terpenoids, a
diverse class of plant-derived secondary metabolites composed of multiple isoprene units,
have garnered attention for their potential anticancer and pharmacological qualities. Some
terpenoids exhibit notable anticancer effects by concentrating on several stages of cancer
development. They show promise in blocking the initiation of early carcinogenesis by the
induction of cell cycle arrest, the inhibition of cancer cell differentiation, and the induction
of apoptosis. This study delves into the investigation of specific terpenoids showcasing
promising anticancer activity against prevalent malignancies, including breast, colon,
ovarian, and lung cancers. The study also explores the relationship between the structure
and activity of these compounds, which sheds light on how effective they are against a variety
of cancer cell types. The comprehensive discussion centres on elucidating terpenoids
with substantial potential for combating diverse cancer types, offering insights into their
structural features and promising anticancer mechanisms.
Quantum Chemical Calculation on ScCl3-NaCl-KCl Molten Salt System
Authors: Xu Can , Chen Xin , Li Pengwei 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The study of the ionic structure of the ScCl3-NaCl-KCl molten salt system
is of guiding significance for the production of metal Sc and Sc alloy by molten salt electrolysis using ScCl3-NaCl-KCl molten salt system as electrolyte. However, limited research has been conducted on the structural analysis of molten salt within this system using Raman spectroscopy.

Methods:
The Gaussian and GaussView programs are used to simulate Sc-Cl ionic groups that may
exist in the ScCl3-NaCl-KCl molten salt system based on density functional theory (DFT) and calculate their theoretical Raman spectra. Then, the wave function analysis of these Sc-Cl ionic groups is
carried out using the Multiwfn program.

Results:
When the ScCl3-NaCl-KCl system is used as the electrolyte, it is considered that the 8 Sc
atom in ScCl74− ionic groups is most easily reduced by electrochemistry at the cathode when the
concentrations of eight Sc-Cl ionic groups are the same. In Sc2Cl7− Sc2Cl82− and Sc2Cl93− ionic
groups, the sites that are most likely to attract electrophiles to attack and react are 1Cl and 7Cl, respectively, and the two Sc atoms located in the "chlorine bridge" structure contribute the most to
LUMO orbitals, and nucleophiles will preferentially attack the Sc atoms located in the "chlorine
bridge" structure. For Sc2Cl7−、Sc2Cl82− and Sc2Cl93− ionic groups, which have two Sc atoms,
the bonds formed between Sc and Cl in the "chlorine bridge" structure have the smallest bond order,
so the bonds formed by Sc and Cl in the "chlorine bridge" structure break first during the reaction,
and then the bond formed by Sc and Cl located at both ends of the whole structure breaks

Conclusion:
The key information, such as bond length, point group structure, and theoretical Raman
spectral characteristic peak after optimization, are obtained by the Gaussian and GaussView programs. The net atomic charge in each ionic group, the direction of electron migration during the formation of the ionic groups, the sites where electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions are most likely to
occur in each ionic group, and the order of bond breaking during chemical reactions are obtained by
the Multiwfn program.