bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the heat stress response of Daphnia pulex: ROS‐mediated activation of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) and heat shock factor 1 (HSF‐1) and the clustered expression of stress genes
Authors: Klumpen Eva , Hoffschröer Nadine , Zeis Bettina , Gigengack Ulrike , Dohmen Elias , Paul Rüdiger J. 
Published: August 2016

Background informationHeat stress in ectotherms involves direct (e.g. protein damage) and/or indirect effects (temperature‐induced hypoxia and ROS formation), which cause activation of the transcription factors (TF) heat shock factor 1 (HSF‐1) and/or hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1). The present study focused on the links between stress (ROS) signals, nuclear (n) and cytoplasmic (c) HSF‐1/HIF‐1 levels, and stress gene expression on mRNA and protein levels (e.g. heat‐shock protein 90, HSP90) upon acute heat and ROS (H2O2) stress.ResultsAcute heat stress (30°C) evoked fluctuations in ROS level. Different feeding regimens, which affected the glutathione (GSH) level, allowed altering the frequency of ROS fluctuations. Other data showed fluctuation frequency to depend also on ROS production rate. The heat‐induced slow or fast ROS fluctuations (at high or low GSH levels) evoked slow or fast fluctuations in the levels of nHIF‐1α, nHSF‐1 and gene products (mRNAs and protein), albeit after different time delays. Time delays to ROS fluctuations were, for example,shorter for nHIF‐1α than for nHSF‐1 fluctuations, and nHIF‐1α fluctuations preceded and nHSF‐1 fluctuations followed fluctuations in HSP90 mRNA level. Cytoplasmic TF levels either changed little (cHIF‐1α) or showed a steady increase (cHSF‐1). Applying acute H2O2 stress (at 20°C) revealed effects on nHIF‐1α and mRNA levels, but no significant effects on nHSF‐1 level. Transcriptome data additionally showed coordinated fluctuations of mRNA levels upon acute heat stress, involving mRNAs for HSPs and other stress proteins, with all corresponding genes carrying DNA binding motifs for HIF‐1 and HSF‐1.ConclusionsThis study provided evidence for promoting effects of ROS and HIF‐1 on early haemoglobin, HIF‐1α and HSP90 mRNA expressions upon heat or ROS stress. The increasing cHSF‐1 level likely affected nHSF‐1 level and later HSP90 mRNA expression.SignificanceHeat stress evoked ROS fluctuations, with this stress signal forwarded via nHIF‐1 and nHSF‐1 fluctuations to stress gene expression. The frequency of ROS fluctuations seemed to integrate information about ROS productionrate and GSH antioxidant buffer capacity, resulting in stress protein expression of different speed. Results of this study suggest ROS as early (pre‐damage) and protein defects as later (post‐damage) stress signals to trigger heat stress responses.
Binding free energy calculations on E‐selectin complexes with sLex oligosaccharide analogs
Authors: Barra Pabla A. , Ribeiro António J. M. , Ramos Maria J. , Jiménez Verónica A. , Alderete Joel B. , Fernandes Pedro A. 
Published: August 2016

Molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations were employed to examine the interaction between E‐selectin and six structurally related oligosaccharides including the physiological ligand sialyl Lewis x. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that sialyl Lewis x and its mimics share a common binding region and similar interactions with E‐selectin involving the formation of hydrogen bonds with Glu80, Asn82, Asn83, Arg97, Asn105, Asp106, and Glu107 residues and electrostatic contacts with Ca2+ and the positively charged Lys111 and Lys 113 residues. Regarding binding free energy calculations, the performance of the rigorous but computationally expensive pathway methods TI, BAR, and MBAR was compared to the less rigorous but faster end‐point methods MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA aimed at identifying a suitable approach to deal with the very subtle binding free energy differences within the ligands under study. All methods succeeded in predicting increased binding affinities for sialyl Lewis x analogs compared to the native ligand with absolute errors <1 kcal/mol. The best correlation with experimental data was obtained by TI (r2 = 0.84), followed by MBAR (r2 = 0.80), BAR (r2 = 0.73), MM/PBSA (r2 = 0.73) and MM/GBSA (r2 = 0.47). These results provide valuable information to increase understanding about E‐selectin–oligosaccharide interactions and conduct further research aimed at designing novel ligands targeting this protein.
Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Clinical review
Authors: Motomura Masakatsu , Nakata Ruka , Shiraishi Hirokazu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction and approximately 60% of LEMS patients have a tumor, mostly small cell lung cancer, as a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome. LEMS patients develop a unique set of clinical characteristics, which include proximal muscle weakness, depressed tendon reflexes with post‐tetanic potentiation and autonomic symptoms. Interestingly, slightly <10% of LEMS patients have cerebellar ataxia (LEMS with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration). Considering its pathomechanism, LEMS is a presynaptic disorder of neuromuscular transmission in which quantal release of acetylcholine is impaired by autoantibodies for P/Q‐type voltage‐gated calcium channels at active zones, although an animal model by immunizing purified P/Q‐type voltage‐gated calcium channels has not yet been successful.
Stream Line–Based Pattern Search in Flows
Authors: Wang Z. , Esturo J. Martinez , Seidel H.‐P. , Weinkauf T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe propose a method that allows users to define flow features in form of patterns represented as sparse sets of stream line segments. Our approach finds similar occurrences in the same or other time steps. Related approaches define patterns using dense, local stencils or support only single segments. Our patterns are defined sparsely and can have a significant extent, i.e., they are integration‐based and not local. This allows for a greater flexibility in defining features of interest. Similarity is measured using intrinsic curve properties only, which enables invariance to location, orientation, and scale. Our method starts with splitting stream lines using globally consistent segmentation criteria. It strives to maintain the visually apparent features of the flow as a collection of stream line segments. Most importantly, it provides similar segmentations for similar flow structures. For user‐defined patterns of curve segments, our algorithm finds similar ones that are invariant to similarity transformations. We showcase the utility of our method using different 2D and 3D flow fields.
Taking the heat: distinct vulnerability to thermal stress of central and threatened peripheral lineages of a marine macroalga
Authors: Saada Gabriel , Nicastro Katy R. , Jacinto Rita , McQuaid Christopher D. , Serrão Ester A. , Pearson Gareth A. , Zardi Gerardo I. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimAlthough many studies have reported the effects of climate change on species' distributions, most of them consider each species as a physiologically homogenous unit. However, different lineages or populations inhabiting distinct bioregions within a species' distributional range can retain unique genetic diversity that could result in distinct adaptive capacities. A recent, large, climate‐correlated distributional range contraction occurred at the southern edge of the intertidal macroalga Fucus vesiculosus, causing loss of genetic diversity unique to the southern clade. We tested for differential selective constraints and signs of local adaptation to thermal stress in the two genetic lineages.LocationIberian Atlantic shores.MethodsWe performed a series of common garden experiments and a field reciprocal transplant.ResultsIn the laboratory, southern F. vesiculosus showed higher resilience to heat stress than northern individuals. On the southwest coast of Portugal, local individuals grew more than those transplanted from the northern range; in the north of Portugal, growth rates did not differ significantly between lineages.ConclusionsWe present evidence for unique adaptive traits at the retreating edge of the species' distribution that could be lost if warming trends persist. The loss of the distinct southern genetic heritage could end potential ongoing diversification or speciation processes and impoverishes the adaptive potential of the species as a whole.
Informed Consent in Health Research: Challenges and Barriers in Low‐and Middle‐Income Countries with Specific Reference to Nepal
Authors: Regmi Pramod R. , Aryal Nirmal , Kurmi Om , Pant Puspa Raj , van Teijlingen Edwin , Wasti Sharada P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObtaining ‘informed consent’ from every individual participant involved in health research is a mandatory ethical practice. Informed consent is a process whereby potential participants are genuinely informed about their role, risk and rights before they are enrolled in the study. Thus, ethics committees in most countries require ‘informed consent form’ as part of an ethics application which is reviewed before granting research ethics approval. Despite a significant increase in health research activity in low‐and middle‐income countries (LMICs) in recent years, only limited work has been done to address ethical concerns. Most ethics committees in LMICs lack the authority and/or the capacity to monitor research in the field. This is important since not all research, particularly in LMICs region, complies with ethical principles, sometimes this is inadvertently or due to a lack of awareness of their importance in assuring proper research governance. With several examples from Nepal, this paper reflects on the steps required to obtain informed consents and highlights some of the major challenges and barriers to seeking informed consent from research participants. At the end of this paper, we also offer some recommendations around how can we can promote and implement optimal informed consent taking process. We believe that paper is useful for researchers and members of ethical review boards in highlighting key issues around informed consent.
First evidence of spawning migration by goldfish (Carassius auratus); implications for control of a globally invasive species
Authors: Beatty Stephen J. , Allen Mark G. , Whitty Jeff M. , Lymbery Alan J. , Keleher James J. , Tweedley James R. , Ebner Brendan C. , Morgan David L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGoldfish (Carassius auratus) was one of the first fishes to be domesticated and has been widely introduced across the globe, but is now considered one of the world's worst invasive aquatic species. Surprisingly, there is a dearth of information on its spatial and temporal movement patterns, which hampers the development of effective control programmes. We examined the movement patterns of an introduced population of C. auratus in a south‐western Australian river using passive acoustic telemetry. The study population had a high residency index within the array (i.e. proportion of all days at liberty that, on average, each fish was detected by a receiver) with fish being detected on 64% of days. The individuals were also reasonably mobile, travelling a mean of 0.30 km (linear river kilometres).day‐1 within the array, and one fish moved 231.3 km over the 365‐day study period (including 5.4 km in a 24 hr period). Importantly, C. auratus displayed significant seasonal movement patterns including a clear shift in habitats during its breeding period with most mature individuals being detected in an off‐channel wetland during that time. The results of this study strongly suggest that C. auratus undertook a spawning migration into a lentic habitat. These results have important implications for developing control programmes for the species, such as targeting connections to off‐channel lentic systems during its breeding period.
Impact of heart rate on admission on mortality and morbidity in acute ischaemic stroke patients – results from VISTA
Authors: Nolte C. H. , Erdur H. , Grittner U. , Schneider A. , Piper S. K. , Scheitz J. F. , Wellwood I. , Bath P. M. W. , Diener H.‐C. , Lees K. R. , Endres M. ,   for the VISTA collaborators
Published: August 2016

Background and purposeElevated heart rate (HR) is associated with worse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. Its predictive value in acute stroke patients is less well established. We investigated the effects of HR on admission in acute ischaemic stroke patients.MethodsUsing the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA) database, the association between HR in acute stroke patients without atrial fibrillation and the pre‐defined composite end‐point of (recurrent) ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack (TIA), myocardial infarction (MI) and vascular death within 90 days was analysed. Pre‐defined secondary outcomes were the composite end‐point components and any death, decompensated heart failure and degree of functional dependence according to the modified Rankin Scale after 90 days. HR was analysed as a categorical variable (quartiles).ResultsIn all, 5606 patients were available for analysis (mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 13; mean age 67 years; mean HR 77 bpm; 44% female) amongst whom the composite end‐point occurred in 620 patients (11.1%). Higher HR was not associated with the composite end‐point. The frequencies of secondary outcomes were 3.2% recurrent stroke (n = 179), 0.6% TIA (n = 35), 1.8% MI (n = 100), 6.8% vascular death (n = 384), 15.0% any death (n = 841) and 2.2% decompensated heart failure (n = 124). Patients in the highest quartile (HR> 86 bpm) were at increased risk for any death [adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.40 (1.11–1.75)], decompensated heart failure [adjusted hazard ratio 2.20 (1.11–4.37)] and worse modified Rankin Scale [adjusted odds ratio 1.29 (1.14–1.52)].ConclusionsIn acute stroke patients, higher HR (>86 bpm) is linked to mortality, heart failure and higher degree of dependence after 90 days but not to recurrent stroke, TIA or MI.
High perennial ryegrass seeding rates reduce plant size and survival during the first year after sowing: does this have implications for pasture sward persistence?
Authors: Lee J. M. , Thom E. R. , Wynn K. , Waugh D. , Rossi L. , Chapman D. F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFailure of perennial ryegrass swards to persist is a key issue on dairy farms in many areas of the world. This study describes an experiment conducted to test the hypothesis that high ryegrass seeding rates (>18 kg seed ha−1) reduce plant size and physical survival during the first year after sowing, with negative implications for population persistence. Four cultivars representing four functional types of perennial ryegrass were sown at five seeding rates (equivalent to 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 kg seed ha−1) with white clover in three dairying regions of New Zealand. Plant establishment rates, size and survival were measured for the first 13 months after sowing. Herbage accumulation, botanical composition and perennial ryegrass tiller density were also monitored. Increasing seeding rate reduced plant survival in the seven weeks after sowing, reflecting likely differences in germination and very early mortality of small seedlings. Thereafter, plant survival was relatively high and consistent across seeding rates at two sites but was consistently greater in the 6 kg ha−1 treatment compared with the 24 and 30 kg ha−1 treatments at one site. Higher seeding rates also increased ryegrass tiller density and the contribution of ryegrass towards total herbage biomass but reduced the contribution of white clover. Very few cultivar × seeding rate interactions were detected for any of the measured variables. Many of the seeding rate effects dissipated by the end of the first year after sowing, indicating that high seeding rates did not predispose swards to poor persistence in the longer term, irrespective of ryegrass functional type.
Shopping in Mumbai: transnational sociability from the Netherlands
Authors: GOWRICHARN RUBEN 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this article, I present the concept of sociability as a preferable alternative to current network theories. I apply Simmel's concept of sociability to the bonding that occurs among ethnic networks at both the community and global levels. I argue for the need to separate the sociability elements of enjoyment and pleasure in time and place. I focus on the diaspora tourism of Dutch Hindustanis to show that joy and pleasure occur both when shopping in India and when giving gifts in the Netherlands. Furthermore, I argue that gifts purchased in India create bonding within close ethnic circles. As a result, these gifts become part of the material culture of the group, contributing to a feeling of home, ethnic consciousness and transnational bonds. Finally, I suggest that this joy and pleasure can be repeated because many of these moments are recorded with video cameras and photographs. Through this analysis, I demonstrate that transnational sociability, exemplified in diaspora tourism (specifically in shopping and gift giving), generates bonding both at the ethnic group and global level. I thus aim to add specificity to studies of transnational ethnic networks.
Silencing gut genes associated with the peritrophic matrix of Reticulitermes flavipes (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) increases susceptibility to termiticides
Authors: Sandoval‐Mojica A. F. , Scharf M. E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe peritrophic matrix (PM) is a noncellular structure that lines the gut of most insects. Because of its close involvement in digestive processes and its role as a barrier against pathogens and toxins, the PM is an attractive target for pest management strategies. The objectives of this study were to (1) reduce the expression of a chitin synthase gene (Reticulitermes flavipes chitin synthase B, RfCHSB), a putative peritrophin [R. flavipes Protein with Peritrophin‐A domain 1, (RfPPAD1)] and a confirmed peritrophin [R. flavipes Protein with Peritrophin‐A domain 2 (RfPPAD2)] in R. flavipes by means of RNA interference, and (2) to evaluate the susceptibility of R. flavipes to termiticides and a bacterial pathogen, after silencing the target genes. Force feeding termites with 55 and 100 ng of long double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), targeting RfCHSB and RfPPAD2, respectively, resulted in the highest levels of transcript suppression. RfCHSB expression was reduced by 70%, whereas the transcript level of RfPPAD2 was decreased by 90%. Force feeding 100 ng/termite of a long RfPPAD1 dsRNA reduced the expression of the transcript by 30%. Challenging termites with imidacloprid, chlorantraniliprole and noviflumuron, after silencing RfCHSB, significantly increased termite mortality. Force feeding termites a dsRNA cocktail, targeting RfCHSB, RfPPAD1 and RfPPAD2, caused the highest significant increase in termite mortality after challenging the insects with imidacloprid. These results demonstrate the viability of the R. flavipes PM as a target in termite pest management.
The Impact of Tax Rebate on Used Car Market: Evidence from Thailand
Authors: Noparumpa Tim , Saengchote Kanis 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTax incentives are one of the most important fiscal tools at the government's disposal that can be used to influence the economy. Often, policies are targeted to spur investment in durable goods. In this article, we focus on the impact that a primary‐market tax incentive has on the secondary market for durable goods – specifically, the automobile market. Using a first‐car tax rebate scheme implemented in Thailand in 2011 as a natural experiment, we find that the policy reduces the listing prices of used cars in the tax‐eligible category by 6.75% to 10.31%.
Malapportionment and Ideological Bias in Chilean Electoral Districts
Authors: Carey John M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn 2015, Chile fundamentally reformed the electoral system it had used since 1989. The old system was characterized by high levels of malapportionment, or differences across districts in the ratios of voters to representatives. In the first elections after redemocratization, malapportionment favored the ideological right, but elections since 2000 have yielded no evidence that malapportionment produced ideological bias. The new, postreform electoral system reduces malapportionment in the lower chamber, although it remains pronounced in both chambers. Nevertheless, analysis of results from previous elections, coupled with information about the new districts, suggests that, consistent with recent experience, malapportionment will not produce ideological bias in elections to either chamber.
Exosomes derived from mature dendritic cells increase endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis via membrane TNF‐α mediated NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Gao Wei , Liu Haibo , Yuan Jie , Wu Chaoneng , Huang Dong , Ma Yuanji , Zhu Jianbing , Ma Leilei , Guo Junjie , Shi Hongtao , Zou Yunzeng , Ge Junbo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhether dendritic cell (DC) derived exosomes play a role in the progression of endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis remains unclear. Using a transwell system and exosome release inhibitor GW4869, we demonstrated that mature DCs contributed to endothelial inflammation and exosomes were involved in the process. To further confirm this finding, we isolated exosomes from bone marrow dendritic cell (BMDC) culture medium (named DC‐exos) and stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) with these DC‐exos. We observed that mature DC‐exos increased HUVEC inflammation through NF‐κB pathway in a manner similar to that of lipopolysaccharide. After a protein array analysis of exosomes, we identified and confirmed tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α on exosome membrane being the trigger of NF‐κB pathway in HUVECs. We then performed an in vivo study and found that the aorta endothelial of mice could uptake intravenously injected exosomes and was activated by these exosomes. After a period of 12 weeks of mature DC‐exos injection into ApoE−/− mice, the atherosclerotic lesions significantly increased. Our study demonstrates that mature DCs derived exosomes increase endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis via membrane TNF‐α mediated NF‐κB pathway. This finding extends our knowledge on how DCs affect inflammation and provides a potential method to prevent endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis.