bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double-Peaked Profiles: Ubiquitous Signatures of Disks in the Broad Emission Lines of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Storchi-Bergmann T. , Schimoia J. S. , Peterson B. M. , Elvis M. , Denney K. D. , Eracleous M. , Nemmen R. S. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Broad (∼10,000 km s−1), double-peaked emission-line profiles of Balmer lines emitted by active galactic nuclei (AGN) are thought to originate in the outer parts of an accretion disk surrounding a nuclear supermassive black hole (SMBH), at ∼1000 gravitational radii, and are most frequently observed in the nuclear spectra of low-luminosity AGN (LLAGN) and radio galaxies. In the present paper we argue that broad double-peaked profiles are present also in the spectra of other type 1 AGN, such as Seyfert 1 galaxies, suggesting that the inner part of the broad-line region (BLR) is also the outer part of the accretion disk. We use the Palomar spectral survey of nearby galaxies to show that the only difference between Seyfert 1 BLR line profiles and “bona fide” double-peakers is that, in most cases, besides a disk component, we need an additional Gaussian component attributed to nondisk clouds. The recognition that the inner and most variable part of the BLR has a disk geometry suggests that the factor f in the expression to obtain the SMBH mass in type 1 AGN,

, is

for the disk-dominated sources. Our median i = 27° implies f = 4.5, very close to the most recent value of f = 4.3 ± 1.05, obtained from independent studies. We derive a relation between f and the FWHM of the broad profile that may help to reduce the uncertainties in the SMBH mass determinations of AGN.
Baby Killers: Documentation and Evolution of Scuttle Fly (Diptera: Phoridae) Parasitism of Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Brood
Authors: Brown Brian , Hash John , Hartop Emily , Porras Wendy , Amorim Dalton 
Published: January 2017

Numerous well-documented associations occur among species of scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), but examples of brood parasitism are rare and the mechanisms of parasitism often remain unsubstantiated.
We present two video-documented examples of ant brood (larvae and pupae) parasitism by scuttle flies. In footage from Estação Biológica de Boracéia in Brazil, adult females of Ceratoconus setipennis Borgmeier can be seen attacking workers of Linepithema humile (Mayr) species group while they are carrying brood, and ovipositing directly onto brood in the nest. In another remarkable example, footage from the Soltis Center, near Peñas Blancas in Costa Rica, shows adult females of an unidentified species of the Apocephalus grandipalpus Borgmeier group mounting Pheidole Westwood brood upside-down and ovipositing while the brood are being transported by workers. Analysis of evolutionary relationships (in preparation) among Apocephalus Coquillett species shows that this is a newly derived behavior within the genus, as the A. grandipalpus group arises within a group of adult ant parasitoids. In contrast, relationships of Ceratoconus Borgmeier have not been studied, and the lifestyles of the other species in the genus are largely unknown.
Le landgrabbing : une « contre-réforme » agraire ?
Authors: Luna Pablo F. 
Published: January 2017

Depuis quelques années, la carte foncière de la planète semble altérée par un mouvement massif et rapide. Le mot anglais pour le désigner est celui de landgrabbing , mais il n’est pas le seul. Ce processus recouvre une diversité de faits et de phénomènes fonciers de nature expropriatrice, activés par des facteurs divers, conduits par des protagonistes anciens et nouveaux, avec des objectifs différents. Toutefois, ils semblent tous correspondre à une nouvelle vague de dépossession des terres et à une nouvelle forme d’appropriation et de reconcentration de leur contrôle. Dans la pratique, ce mouvement déborde la sphère strictement foncière et vise l’ensemble des ressources naturelles, la totalité du monde du vivant. Sur son passage, il subvertit les droits, les coutumes, les pratiques traditionnelles, et il assujettit à sa propre logique les populations indigènes – souvent avec la collaboration des États locaux. Dans cet article, nous tentons de reconstituer ses principales caractéristiques, ses mécanismes et sa logique structurelle, et nous plaidons pour la compréhension historienne d’un processus qui selon toute vraisemblance n’est nullement inédit.
Multipath Routing Protocol Based On Cross-Layer Approach for MANET
Authors: Allahham Alaa Azmi , Mohammed Muamer , Kadhim Nassir Sallom 
Published: January 2017

<p class="Abstract">Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) involved in many applications, whether smart or traditional and for both civilian and military uses, and that because of their special features, where it does not depend on any infrastructure during its working, as well as the nodes in MANETs have a freedom of movement with the ability to self-configure, in addition, to working as a router or client at the same time. Moreover, MANETs considered as an infrastructure less network, so the cost of this type of networks is less in comparison to other traditional networks. On the other hand, the routing considered one of most important challenges in MANETs due to the perpetual motion and randomness of the nodes that can causing a continuous change of the network topology and thus to all paths between nodes, where finding valid paths between the nodes is the core task of routing protocols. Recently, it has been argued that the traditional layered architecture is ineffective to deal with receiving signal strength related problems. In an effort to improve the performance of MANETs, there has been increased in protocols that rely on cross-layer interaction between different layers. In this paper, a Cross-layer design among Network, MAC and Physical layers based on Threshold Multipath Routing Protocol (CTMRP) is proposed. The CTMRP is designed for decision maker based on threshold value of average paths signal for efficient transmission of the Text, image, audio and video as well as sending the data via multiple paths, which mitigate the negatives effects causes from forcing the nodes to send the data via single. The Route Discovery Delay, Number of RREQ Messages, Number of RREP Messages, End-to-End Delay, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and Throughput were selected as the main performance evaluation metrics. The results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance and lead to increase stability of transmission link.</p>
CCN production by new particle formation in the free troposphere
Authors: Rose Clémence , Sellegri Karine , Moreno Isabel , Velarde Fernando , Ramonet Michel , Weinhold Kay , Krejci Radovan , Andrade Marcos , Wiedensohler Alfred , Ginot Patrick , Laj Paolo 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Global models predict that new particle formation (NPF) is, in some environments, responsible for a substantial fraction of the total atmospheric particle number concentration and subsequently contributes significantly to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. NPF events were frequently observed at the highest atmospheric observatory in the world, on Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.), Bolivia. The present study focuses on the impact of NPF on CCN population. Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer and mobility particle size spectrometer measurements were simultaneously used to follow the growth of particles from cluster sizes down to ∼ 2 nm up to CCN threshold sizes set to 50, 80 and 100 nm. Using measurements performed between 1 January and 31 December 2012, we found that 61 % of the 94 analysed events showed a clear particle growth and significant enhancement of the CCN-relevant particle number concentration. We evaluated the contribution of NPF, relative to the transport and growth of pre-existing particles, to CCN size. The averaged production of 50 nm particles during those events was 5072, and 1481 cm−3 for 100 nm particles, with a larger contribution of NPF compared to transport, especially during the wet season. The data set was further segregated into boundary layer (BL) and free troposphere (FT) conditions at the site. The NPF frequency of occurrence was higher in the BL (48 %) compared to the FT (39 %). Particle condensational growth was more frequently observed for events initiated in the FT, but on average faster for those initiated in the BL, when the amount of condensable species was most probably larger. As a result, the potential to form new CCN was higher for events initiated in the BL (67 % against 53 % in the FT). In contrast, higher CCN number concentration increases were found when the NPF process initially occurred in the FT, under less polluted conditions. This work highlights the competition between particle growth and the removal of freshly nucleated particles by coagulation processes. The results support model predictions which suggest that NPF is an effective source of CCN in some environments, and thus may influence regional climate through cloud-related radiative processes.
Gauge-adjusted rainfall estimates from commercial microwave links
Authors: Fencl Martin , Dohnal Michal , Rieckermann Jörg , Bareš Vojtěch 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Increasing urbanization makes it more and more important to have accurate stormwater runoff predictions, especially with potentially severe weather and climatic changes on the horizon. Such stormwater predictions in turn require reliable rainfall information. Especially for urban centres, the problem is that the spatial and temporal resolution of rainfall observations should be substantially higher than commonly provided by weather services with their standard rainfall monitoring networks. Commercial microwave links (CMLs) are non-traditional sensors, which have been proposed about a decade ago as a promising solution. CMLs are line-of-sight radio connections widely used by operators of mobile telecommunication networks. They are typically very dense in urban areas and can provide path-integrated rainfall observations at sub-minute resolution. Unfortunately, quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) from CMLs are often highly biased due to several epistemic uncertainties, which significantly limit their usability. In this manuscript we therefore suggest a novel method to reduce this bias by adjusting QPEs to existing rain gauges. The method has been specifically designed to produce reliable results even with comparably distant rain gauges or cumulative observations. This eliminates the need to install reference gauges and makes it possible to work with existing information. First, the method is tested on data from a dedicated experiment, where a CML has been specifically set up for rainfall monitoring experiments, as well as operational CMLs from an existing cellular network. Second, we assess the performance for several experimental layouts of ground truth from rain gauges (RGs) with different spatial and temporal resolutions. The results suggest that CMLs adjusted by RGs with a temporal aggregation of up to 1 h (i) provide precise high-resolution QPEs (relative error  < 7 %, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient  >  0.75) and (ii) that the combination of both sensor types clearly outperforms each individual monitoring system. Unfortunately, adjusting CML observations to RGs with longer aggregation intervals of up to 24 h has drawbacks. Although it substantially reduces bias, it unfavourably smoothes out rainfall peaks of high intensities, which is undesirable for stormwater management. A similar, but less severe, effect occurs due to spatial averaging when CMLs are adjusted to remote RGs. Nevertheless, even here, adjusted CMLs perform better than RGs alone. Furthermore, we provide first evidence that the joint use of multiple CMLs together with RGs also reduces bias in their QPEs. In summary, we believe that our adjustment method has great potential to improve the space–time resolution of current urban rainfall monitoring networks. Nevertheless, future work should aim to better understand the reason for the observed systematic error in QPEs from CMLs.
High‐altitude incoherent‐scatter measurements at Jicamarca
Authors: Hysell D. L. , Milla M. A. , Woodman R. F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn an attempt to reproduce experimental results obtained in the early days of operations, electron density profiles have been measured at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory at altitudes reaching L=2. The methodology involves using a combination of pulses, including pulses as long as 4 ms, and processing the data with matched filtering. The modern experiments are complicated by systemic, time‐dependent bias in the noise estimators as well as by clutter from satellites and space debris, including a geosynchronous satellite. Ultimately, experiment performance comparable to what was achieved in the original experiments could be achieved and should be surpassed in future experiments when all four of the Jicamarca transmitters will be utilized.
Crustal structure of southern Madagascar from receiver functions and ambient noise correlation: Implications for crustal evolution
Authors: Rindraharisaona E. J. , Tilmann F. , Yuan X. , Rümpker G. , Giese J. , Rambolamanana G. , Barruol G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Precambrian rocks of Madagascar were formed and/or modified during continental collision known as the Pan‐African orogeny. Aborted Permo‐Triassic Karoo rifting and the subsequent separation from Africa and India resulted in the formation of sedimentary basins in the west and volcanic activity predominantly along the margins. Many geological studies have documented the imprint of these processes, but little was known about the deeper structure. We therefore deployed seismic stations along an SE‐NW trending profile spanning nearly all geological domains of southern Madagascar. Here we focus on the crustal structure, which we determined based on joint analysis of receiver functions and surface waves derived from ambient noise measurements. For the sedimentary basin we document a thinning of the underlying crystalline basement by up to ∼60% to 13 km. The crustal velocity structure demonstrates that the thinning was accomplished by removal or exhumation of the lower crust. Both the Proterozoic and Archean crust have a 10 km thick upper crust and 10–12 km thick midcrust. However, in contrast to the typical structure of Proterozoic and Archean aged crust, the Archean lower crust is thicker and faster than the Proterozoic one, indicating possible magmatic intrusions; an underplated layer of 2–8 km thickness is present only below the Archean crust. The Proterozoic mafic lower crust might have been lost during continental collision by delamination or subduction or thinned as a result of extensional collapse. Finally, the Cretaceous volcanics along the east coast are characterized by thin crust (30 km) and very large VP/VS ratios.
Winter to summer oceanographic observations in the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard
Authors: Meyer Amelie , Sundfjord Arild , Fer Ilker , Provost Christine , Villacieros Robineau Nicolas , Koenig Zoe , Onarheim Ingrid H. , Smedsrud Lars H. , Duarte Pedro , Dodd Paul A. , Graham Robert M. , Schmidtko Sunke , Kauko Hanna M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOceanographic observations from the Eurasian Basin north of Svalbard collected between January and June 2015 from the N‐ICE2015 drifting expedition are presented. The unique winter observations are a key contribution to existing climatologies of the Arctic Ocean, and show a ∼100 m deep winter mixed layer likely due to high sea ice growth rates in local leads. Current observations for the upper ∼200 m show mostly a barotropic flow, enhanced over the shallow Yermak Plateau. The two branches of inflowing Atlantic Water are partly captured, confirming that the outer Yermak Branch follows the perimeter of the plateau, and the inner Svalbard Branch the coast. Atlantic Water observed to be warmer and shallower than in the climatology, is found directly below the mixed layer down to 800 m depth, and is warmest along the slope, while its properties inside the basin are quite homogeneous. From late May onwards, the drift was continually close to the ice edge and a thinner surface mixed layer and shallower Atlantic Water coincided with significant sea ice melt being observed.
Adaptive homo‐backstepping tracking control for strict‐feedback systems in presence of unknown dead‐zones
Authors: Gao Qiang , Ji Yuehui , Zhou Hailaing , Li Junfang 
Published: January 2017

SummaryAn adaptive homo‐backstepping control for nonlinear strict‐feedback systems subjected to unknown actuator dead‐zone and disturbance is investigated. A sliding‐mode‐based integral filter is constructed and used to approximate the desired feedback control in the backstepping‐like recursive design technique. Subsequently, the problem of “explosion of complexity” is solved by obviating the analytic derivatives deduction for virtual control in the conventional backstepping technology. The actuator dead‐zone dynamic is modeled as the combination of a line and a disturbance‐like term, which makes the controller design simpler. The interconnected control module and filter module in the resulting closed‐loop system satisfy the input‐to‐state practically stability‐modularity condition, provided that the small‐gain theorem is exploited to ensure the stability of closed‐loop system. The proposed approach cannot only mitigate the effect of dead‐zone but also solve the problem of explosion of complexity in the previous literature. Numerical simulations performed on a manipulator with a brushed DC motor are introduced to illustrate the effectiveness of underlying control scheme.
New film‐coated tablet formulation of deferasirox is well tolerated in patients with thalassemia or lower‐risk MDS: Results of the randomized, phase II ECLIPSE study
Authors: Taher Ali T. , Origa Raffaella , Perrotta Silverio , Kourakli Alexandra , Ruffo Giovan Battista , Kattamis Antonis , Goh Ai‐Sim , Cortoos Annelore , Huang Vicky , Weill Marine , Merino Herranz Raquel , Porter John B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOnce‐daily deferasirox dispersible tablets (DT) have a well‐defined safety and efficacy profile and, compared with parenteral deferoxamine, provide greater patient adherence, satisfaction, and quality of life. However, barriers still exist to optimal adherence, including gastrointestinal tolerability and palatability, leading to development of a new film‐coated tablet (FCT) formulation that can be swallowed with a light meal, without the need to disperse into a suspension prior to consumption. The randomized, open‐label, phase II ECLIPSE study evaluated the safety of deferasirox DT and FCT formulations over 24 weeks in chelation‐naïve or pre‐treated patients aged ≥10 years, with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia or IPSS‐R very‐low‐, low‐, or intermediate‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes. One hundred seventy‐three patients were randomized 1:1 to DT (n = 86) or FCT (n = 87). Adverse events (overall), consistent with the known deferasirox safety profile, were reported in similar proportions of patients for each formulation (DT 89.5%; FCT 89.7%), with a lower frequency of severe events observed in patients receiving FCT (19.5% vs. 25.6% DT). Laboratory parameters (serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and urine protein/creatinine ratio) generally remained stable throughout the study. Patient‐reported outcomes showed greater adherence and satisfaction, better palatability and fewer concerns with FCT than DT. Treatment compliance by pill count was higher with FCT (92.9%) than with DT (85.3%). This analysis suggests deferasirox FCT offers an improved formulation with enhanced patient satisfaction, which may improve adherence, thereby reducing frequency and severity of iron overload‐related complications.
On the Origin of Reactivity Enhancement/Suppression upon Sequential Ligation: [Re(CO)x]+/CH4 (x=0–3) Couples
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Li Jilai , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe thermal gas‐phase reactions of rhenium carbonyl complexes [Re(CO)x]+ (x=0–3) with methane have been explored by using FT‐ICR mass spectrometry complemented by high‐level quantum chemical calculation. While it had been concluded in previous studies that addition of closed‐shell ligands in general decreases the reactivity of metal ions, the current work provides an exception: the previously demonstrated inertness of atomic Re+ towards methane is completely changed upon ligation with CO. Both [Re(CO)]+ and [Re(CO)2]+ bring about efficient dehydrogenation of the hydrocarbon under ambient conditions. However, addition of a third ligand to form [Re(CO)3]+ completely quenches the reactivity.
Transformation of Dipeptide‐Based Organogels into Chiral Crystals by Cryogenic Treatment
Authors: Liu Xingcen , Fei Jinbo , Wang Anhe , Cui Wei , Zhu Pengli , Li Junbai 
Published: January 2017

AbstractControlled molecular assembly is an important approach for the synthesis of single‐component materials with diverse functions. Unlike traditional heat treatment or solvent modulation, cryogenic treatment at 77 K enabled the tunable transition of a self‐assembled diphenylalanine organogel into a hexagonal crystal. Under these conditions, the assembled molecules undergo an internal rearrangement in the solid state to form a well‐defined chiral crystal structure. Moreover, these assemblies exhibit enhanced emission. This strategy for the synthesis of single‐component supramolecular assemblies can create new functions by manipulating phase transitions.
A family of silatrane‐armed triazole‐encapped salicylaldehyde‐derived Schiff bases: Synthesis, spectral analysis, and antimicrobial and quantum chemical evaluation
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Arora Aanchal , Rani Sunita , Kalra Pooja , Aulakh Darpandeep , Wriedt Mario 
Published: January 2017

This work describes the successful synthesis of salicylaldehyde‐derived Schiff base‐linked organosilicon compounds following a highly efficient click approach. Hydroxyl‐terminated Schiff bases were alkylated to bis‐acetylenes (1–3) which upon 3 + 2 cycloaddition with 3‐azidopropyltriethoxysilane yielded triazole‐decorated bis‐silanes (4–6). These silanes further underwent base‐catalyzed transesterification to afford Schiff base‐linked triazole‐bound organosilatranes (7–9). The final silatranes as well as precursor alkynes and silanes were comprehensively characterized using NMR (1H and 13C) and infrared spectroscopic techniques together with elemental analysis and mass spectrometry of compounds 7–9. Also, the structures of alkynes 1–3 and silatrane 7 were validated using single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. Organosilatranes were initially screened for their pharmacokinetic profile using absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) tools and then explored for their antimicrobial activities, with compound 9 emerging as the most potent antimicrobial agent. Compounds 1–3 and 7–9 also underwent thorough computational analysis by applying the density functional theory (DFT) approach with B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory and the results were found to be consistent with the experimental data. Several DFT‐based descriptors were also evaluated providing a valuable insight into molecular stability and reactivity.